bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
53.4: Ultra‐Thin Flexible OLED Device
Authors: Lifka Herbert , Tanase Cristina , McCulloch Dave , Van de Weijer Peter , French Ian 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new method of making ultra‐thin flexible organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using standard OLED fabrication facilities is reported. Through use of the Electronics on Plastic by Laser Release (EPLaR) technology, we have developed and demonstrated 18‐μm thick single‐pixel OLEDs. In this paper, besides describing the fabrication method, the electrical and optical performance of the flexible OLEDs is reported.
54.3: Drop Landing Accuracy Improvements in Inkjet Printed OLED Displays
Authors: Bruner Scott , Xu David , Phillips Chris 
Published: August 2007

AbstractProducing high quality full colour polymer OLED displays by inkjet printing requires accurate placement of ink droplets into predefined pixel well structures. Recent improvements in inkjet printer design have significantly increased the drop landing accuracy, making it possible to inkjet print higher resolution displays.
56.3: A High‐Speed Low‐Power Rail‐to‐Rail Buffer Amplifier for LCD Driver Application
Authors: Lu Chih‐Wen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA high‐speed low‐power rail‐to‐rail buffer amplifier, which is suitable for liquid crystal display driver application, is proposed. The buffer draws little current while static but has a large driving capability while transient. The circuit achieves the low dc power consumption but large driving capability by employing the variable‐gain amplifiers to sense the transients of the input to turn on the output transistors, which are statically off in the stable state. This increases the speed of the circuit without increasing static power consumption too much. An experimental prototype output buffer implemented in a 0.35‐μm CMOS technology demonstrates that the circuit can operate under a wide power supply range. Quiescent current of 5 μA is measured. The buffer exhibits the settling times of 1.5 μs for a voltage swing of 0.1 ∼ (VDD – 0.1) V under a 600 pF capacitance load. The area of this buffer is 30×98μm2.
56.4: A Cascaded‐Dividing Current DAC with Fine Pitch for High‐Resolution AMOLED Display Drivers
Authors: Jeon Yong‐Joon , Son Young‐Suk , Jeon Jin‐Yong , Lee Gun‐Ho , Lee Hyung‐Min , Jung Seung‐Chul , Cho Gyu‐Hyeong 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAn 8‐bit cascaded‐dividing DAC that can operate at a low power supply voltage is proposed. Occupying less than one eleventh of the chip area of a conventional binary‐weighted DAC with an equivalent resolution, the proposed DAC features a low operation voltage of 2 V with a good DNL and INL of less than 0.15 LSB. The proposed DAC is expected to be adequate for current‐driving AMOLED drivers that have very demanding requirements of a narrow channel pitch as well as high linearity and resolution for the data channel DACs.
56.5: High‐Speed and Low‐Power Analog Source Driver for TFT‐LCD Using Dynamic Current Biased Operational Amplifier
Authors: Choi Jinyong , Min Kyungyoul , Yoo Changsik 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper describes high‐speed and low‐power analog source driver built with operational amplifier (OPAMP) for driving large resistive and capacitive load of TFT‐LCD panel. To obtain large slew‐rate without increasing quiescent current, dynamic current biasing scheme is developed. The dynamic current bias circuit operates as auxiliary current source and supplies or sinks large amount of current only when the OPAMP is slewing. The analog source driver is implemented in a 0.35μm CMOS process, and for 20KΩ and 200pF data‐line loading of 30‐inch TFT‐LCD panel, the settling time is 7.2μs and 6.4μs respectively for rising and falling while the quiescent current is only 5∼6.5μA.
57.1: Novel Pixel Design for a Transflective IPS‐LCD with an In‐Cell Retarder
Authors: Imayama Hirotaka , Tanno Junji , Igeta Koichi , Morimoto Masateru , Komura Shinichi , Nagata Tetsuya , Itou Osamu , Hirota Shoichi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe have successfully developed 2.4″QVGA transflective IPS‐LCDs which maintains excellent transmissive performance and higher reflectance. We have an in‐cell retarder patterned only in the reflective region. And we devised the pixel design so that the reflectance became higher. We have realized transflective LCDs with sufficient outdoor readability and wide viewing angle. Furthermore, we reduced thickness of the LCD panel at the same time.
57.5L: Late‐News Paper: MVA Mode with Improved Color‐wash‐out for Mobile Application
Authors: Shibazaki Minoru , Sugiyama Masaru , Takahashi Satoru , Yoshiga Masahiro , Inada Toshiya , Lee Hao‐Chun , Yu Ming‐Wei , Wu Ming‐Feng , Chang Chin‐Han , Chang Tao‐Sheng , Chang Yao‐Jen , Wu I‐Lin , Chang Wei‐Chih , Ting Dai‐Liang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a new MVA technology for wider viewing angle. The MVA mode has a color‐wash‐out issue when the panel is seen from a large viewing angle. In order to solve this, we have optimized a halftone‐grayscale method for MVA mode. We have also developed a new pixel structure with an ITO etched pattern on the CF side for transmissive panels. As a result, we have obtained a better viewing angle performance with less color‐wash‐out.
58.3: 7‐inch Color VGA flexible TFT LCD on Colorless Polyimide Substrate with 200 °C a‐Si:H TFTs
Authors: Yeh Yung‐Hui , Cheng Chun‐Cheng , Ho King‐Yuan , Chen Po‐Chiu , Lee Min Hung , Huang Jung‐Jie , Tyan Horng‐Long , Leu Chyi‐Ming , Chang Chich‐Shang , Lee Kuo‐Chang , Fang Su‐Yu , Chen Tai‐Hong , Pan Ching‐Yuan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA 7‐inch VGA transmissive‐type active matrix TFT‐LCD display with a‐Si TFT fabricated on colorless polyimide (PI) substrate is demonstrated. The proposed colorless PI substrate has the features of high Tg (∼350 °C) and high light transmittance (∼90%). The electrical and mechanical reliability for a‐Si TFT fabricated at 200 °C have also been studied.
58.5: Late‐News Paper: 14.3 inch Active Matrix‐Based Plastic Electrophoretic Display Using Low Temperature Processes
Authors: Hwang Tae Hyung , Lee Woojae , Hong Wang Su , Kim Sung Jin , Kim Sang Il , Roh Nam Seok , Nikulin Ivan , Choi Jeong Ye , Jeon Hyung Il , Hong Seok Joon , Lee Jeong Kuk , Han Mi Jung , Baek Seung Jin , Kim Meonghee , Lee Son Uk , Shin Seong Sik 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA 14.3‐inch black and white plastic electrophoretic display (EPD) was developed at the resolution of 1280 × 900 lines (112 ppi). All of the processes of TFT and electrophoretic sheet (EPS) lamination were not only carried out below 120°C, but also optimized for large area TFT‐EPD on PEN plastic films.
59.4: Microcavity Top‐Emitting OLEDs Integrated with Microlens Arrays: Simultaneous Enhancement of Quantum Efficiency, cd/A Efficiency and Color Performances
Authors: Yang Chih‐Jen , Hsieh Hsing‐Hung , Liu Chih‐Che , Liu Su Hao , Cho Ting‐Yi , Wu Chung‐Chih 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we show that by integrating microcavity OLEDs with microlenses, all the external quantum efficiency, cd/A efficiency, color saturation, and small color shift with viewing angles can be simultaneously achieved, making it a universal device architecture for various applications
60.2: Research on Next‐Generation Manufacturing Method of Plasma Display Panels via Lift‐Off Process
Authors: Morinaga Eiji , Satoh Ryohei , Nakagawa Kouji , Miyagawa Haruhiko , Usui Reo , Iwata Yoshiharu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper aims to develop the next‐generation manufacturing method of plasma display panels (PDPs) which is superior in cost‐performance and environmental damage to current methods, by introducing the lift‐off process in place of the etching process. The lift‐off process, which has been applied in the LSI fields, has been faced problems caused by inappropriate resist profiles, such as difficulty in resist removal and low pattern accuracy. Moreover, in PDP processes, inappropriate profiles cause more serious problems. In this paper, the inversely tapered and T‐shaped resist profile is proposed, and its feasibility is experimentally proved. for proper design of the proposed profile, deposition model onto the profile is discussed, and a method based on the model is given.
63.3: High Resolution OTFT‐OLED on Plastic Substrate Using Self‐organized Process
Authors: Han Seung Hoon , Son Young Rae , Lee Sun Hee , Lee Ki Jung , Cho Geun Sang , Kim Wan Sun , Park Tae Jin , Jeon Woo Sik , Choo Dong Joon , Jang Jin 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA high resolution (2 inch, 80 dpi) organic thin‐film transistor driven light‐emitting diode has been developed on plastic substrate. The pentacene OTFT array was fabricated using self‐organized process. The TFT in the array exhibited an average field‐effect mobility of ∼1 cm2/Vs, an on/off current ratio of 107, and a threshold voltage of ∼ −8 V after the bank formation with parylene‐C / SiNx, which is good enough to drive OLEDs. An AMOLED was driven in the bent state of 100 mm radius.
64.3: High‐Efficiency Phosphorescent White OLEDs Using Red‐Emitting Osmium Complex and Blue‐Emitting Iridium Complex
Authors: Chang Chih‐Hao , Chang Chih‐Kai , Lin Chun‐Liang , Lin You‐Heng , Su Hai‐Ching , Wu Chung‐Chih , Chen Li‐Shiuan , Wu Wen‐Wen , Chi Yun 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper, by using the unique properties of the efficient red‐emitting Osmium (Os) complex in combination with an efficient blue‐emitting Iridium (Ir) complex, we report WOLEDs with forward viewing efficiencies up to (17% photon/electron, 36 cd/A, 28 lm/W) and total peak external efficiencies up to (28.8 %, 47.5 lm/W). Results show that the Os complex is a multi‐functional material that could be useful for implementing highly efficient and color‐stable phosphorescent OLEDs.
65.3: Intrinsic Patterning Principle on Array Repair Using “Laser Metal Transfer”
Authors: Kojima Eisaku , Wada Takehiko 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAs alternative technology for flat panel wiring repair, the new method has been developed by solid state metal transfer using pulsed infra‐red laser. This technology realizes about 10 times faster and half cost manufacturing processes than usual laser CVD. And it also realizes in‐line wiring repair with its aspect feature of min 2μm width / 0.3 μm height pattern of arbitrary length.
67.3: Electrochemical Reaction Display with Dual Reflective and Emissive Modes
Authors: Enomoto Shintaro , Mizuno Yukitami , Saito Nobuyoshi , Kizaki Yukio , Amemiya Isao , Uchikoga Shuichi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe have developed an electrochemical reaction display (ECRD) that can be operated in dual reflective and emissive modes in an entire pixel area of a single device. The ECRD utilizes electrochromic (EC) and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) reactions. These two electrochemical reactions can be controlled independently by adding a luminescent molecule to a liquid electrolyte of an EC cell with three electrodes. In the reflective mode, the ECRD cell exhibits high reflectance (47%) and high contrast ratio (6:1). In the emissive mode, the cell can show luminescent moving images because of the fast response time (10 ms).
Soft Tissue Profile after Distal Molar Movement with a Pendulum K-Loop Appliance Versus Cervical Headgear
Authors: Polat-Ozsoy Omur , Gokcelik Aylin , Güngör-Acar Ahu , Kircelli Beyza Hancioglu 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the soft tissue changes associated with the pendulum appliance that was supported with a K-loop buccally and to compare these treatment changes with a cervical headgear group.
Materials and Methods: The records of 30 patients having skeletal Class I, dental Class II malocclusions were divided to two groups. Group 1 consisted of 7 girls, 8 boys (mean age, 15.0 ± 3.4 years), and Group 2 consisted of 10 girls, 5 boys (mean age 14.2 ± 2.9 years). The first group was treated with a pendulum appliance that was supported with a K-loop buccally, and the second group was treated with cervical headgear. Lateral cephalograms were taken at the beginning of treatment and at the end of distal molar movement. Treatment changes within the groups were analyzed using the paired t-test, and between group changes were analyzed with the independent t-test.
Results: The results showed that the pendulum/K-loop appliance had no significant effect on skeletal and dental variables and soft tissue A point, upper lip thickness, and sagittal upper lip position relative to the E plane. A significant difference for the change in Vp-Ls distance was found in patients in the pendulum/K-loop group (P &lt; .05). Patients in the cervical headgear group showed significant retrusion in skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements (P &lt; .05).
Conclusions: The pendulum/K-loop appliance produces distal molar movement without causing any significant changes in the sagittal or vertical positions of either the jaw or the soft tissue profile.
In Vivo Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets to Fluorosed Enamel using an Adhesion Promotor
Authors: Noble James , Karaiskos Nicholas E. , Wiltshire William A. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objectives: To determine the success of bracket retention using an adhesion promoter with and without the additional microabrasion of enamel.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-two teeth with severe dental fluorosis were bonded in vivo using a split-mouth design where the enamel surfaces of 26 teeth were microabraded with 50 μm of aluminum silicate for 5 seconds under rubber dam and high volume suction. Thirty-seven percent phosphoric acid was then applied to the enamel, washed and dried, and followed by placement of Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus Bonding Adhesive. Finally, precoated 3M Unitek Victory brackets were placed and light cured. The remaining teeth were bonded using the same protocol but without microabrasion.
Results: After 9 months of intraoral service, only one bond failure occurred in the control group where microabrasion was used. Chi-square analysis revealed P = .31, indicating no statistical significance between the two groups.
Conclusions: Bonding orthodontic attachments to fluorosed enamel using an adhesion promoter is a viable clinical procedure that does not require the additional micro-mechanical abrasion step.
Factors Regulating Endochondral Ossification in the Spheno-occipital Synchondrosis
Authors: Lei Wai Yip , Wong Ricky W. K. , Rabie A. B. M. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objectives: To identify the temporal pattern of core-binding factor α1 (Cbfa1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions in the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in vitro with and without tensile stress.
Materials and Methods: Sixty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into an experimental group (with tensile stress) and a control group (without tensile stress) at each of five time points. Animals were sacrificed and the cranial base synchondroses were aseptically removed. In the experimental groups, mechanical stress was applied on the surgical explants with helical springs and incubated as organ culture for 6, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours. In the control group, the springs were kept at zero stress. Tissue sections were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for quantitative analysis of Cbfa1 and VEGF expression.
Results: Quantitative analysis revealed that Cbfa1 and VEGF expressions reached a peak increase at 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Compared with the control groups, both Cbfa1 and VEGF were expressed consistently higher in the experimental groups at all time points.
Conclusion: Mechanical stress applied to the spheno-occipital synchondrosis elicits Cbfa1 expression and subsequently up-regulates the expression of VEGF. Increased levels of expression of both factors could play a role in the growth of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis.
Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen during Experimental Tooth Movement
Authors: Gokce Sila , Bengi A. Osman , Akin Erol , Karacay Seniz , Sagdic Deniz , Kurkcu Mehmet , Gokce Hasan Suat 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To determine the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male, adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. HBO was administered in the first group, and the second group served as a control. The mandibular first molars were moved mesially by means of Ni-Ti closed coil springs in all groups.
Results: Results were evaluated histomorphometrically and the parameters of trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tr.N), and trabecular separation (Tr.Sep) were evaluated at the interradicular bone area of the mandibular first molars. Increases in BV/TV and Tr.N and decreases in Tr.Sep revealed the osteoblastic activity of HBO. HBO application caused an increase in bone apposition and osteoblastic activity or a decrease in osteoclastic activity.
Conclusions: HBO enhanced the bone formation during experimental tooth movement. Therefore, the findings of this study support our hypothesis that osteoblastic activity might be modulated by changes in the environmental oxygen tension.
Patients' Perceptions Regarding Microimplant as Anchorage in Orthodontics
Authors: Lee Tony C. K. , McGrath Colman P. J. , Wong Ricky W. K. , Rabie A. Bakr M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective: To determine patients' expectations, acceptance, and experience of pain with microimplant surgery compared to other orthodontic procedures.Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight microimplants were placed in 37 patients as an anchorage unit for orthodontic treatment. Patients were asked to rate anticipated pain and pain experienced with various orthodontic procedures (tooth extraction, insertion of separators, initial tooth alignment, and microimplant surgery) on a visual analog scale (VAS) over a 7-day period. One month after insertion of microimplants, patients were asked to rate their acceptance of the procedure using a structured questionnaire.Results: Unlike other orthodontic procedures, patients expected to experience a significantly higher level of pain with microimplant surgery than they experienced (P &lt; .001). The postoperative pain experienced decreased continuously from day 1 to day 7 for all orthodontic procedures (P &lt; .05). The total area under the curve (AUC) of pain experienced over the 7-day period was significantly larger for initial tooth alignment than for microimplant surgery (P &lt; .05). Most patients were satisfied with the microimplant surgery (76%) and would recommend it to a friend or family member (78%).Conclusions: Patients tended to overestimate the pain anticipated with microimplant surgery. Patients were accepting of the surgery and would recommend it to others.
Effectiveness of an Essential Oil Mouthrinse in Improving Oral Health in Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Tufekci Eser , Casagrande Zachary A. , Lindauer Steven J. , Fowler Chad E. , Williams Kelly T. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To test the null hypothesis that adding Listerine mouthrinse to the standard oral hygiene regimen has no added benefit for orthodontic patients in maintaining proper oral health.
Materials and Methods: Patients within their first 6 months of orthodontic treatment were assigned either to the brushing + flossing (N = 25) or brushing + flossing + Listerine (N = 25) group. Initially, all of the participants received a prophylaxis and instructions on how to brush and floss. Measurements were recorded for the bleeding, gingival, and plaque indices (BI, MGI, and PI, respectively) that provided baseline values (T1). Subsequent measurements were taken at 3 months (T2) and 6 months (T3). Mean BI, MGI, and PI at T1, T2, and T3 were compared statistically between the groups using repeated measures analysis of variance. The significance level was set at P ≤ .05.
Results: The response profiles for the BI, MGI, and PI over time were significantly different between the two groups. Patients who had Listerine in their daily oral hygiene regimen exhibited significantly lower scores for all three indices at T2 and T3 than the patients who only brushed and flossed.
Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. This study shows that use of Listerine mouthrinse can reduce the amount of plaque and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Adding Listerine to the standard oral hygiene regimen may be beneficial for orthodontic patients in maintaining proper oral health, thus reducing the likelihood that white spot lesions and gingivitis will develop.
PAR Evaluation of Treated Class I Extraction Patients
Authors: Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore , Freitas Daniel Salvatore , Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli , Freitas Marcos Roberto , Janson Guilherme 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate treatment changes and quality of finishing occlusion in Class I patients treated with four premolar extractions.
Material and Methods: Dental casts of 94 subjects (50 males and 44 females) were evaluated. Mean pretreatment age was 13.46 years, and mean treatment time was 2.09 years. The peer assessment rating (PAR) index was obtained from pretreatment and posttreatment dental casts.
Results: The mean pretreatment PAR index of 29.46 was reduced to 6.32 at posttreatment stage, achieving a reduction of 78.54% with treatment. There was correlation between the initial PAR and correction during treatment, that is, the more severe the malocclusion the greater the treatment changes.
Conclusion: The cases evaluated showed a high-standard orthodontic finishing.
Nickel, Chromium and Iron Levels in the Saliva of Patients with Simulated Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
Authors: Matos de Souza Rodrigo , Macedo de Menezes Luciane 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To assess the in vivo release of nickel, chromium, and iron ions into saliva by different metallic brackets.
Materials and Methods: Thirty volunteers wore removable appliances with bonded brackets and were divided according to the brand of brackets: group A, 3M/Unitek (AISI 303); group B, American Orthodontics (AISI 316L); and group C, Dentaurum (AISI 316L). The appliances were worn for 60 days, and saliva samples were collected at the following time points: T1, before placement of the appliance; T2, after 10 minutes; T3, 24 hours; T4, 7 days; T5, 30 days; and T6, 60 days after insertion of the removable appliance. Saliva samples were analyzed for nickel, chromium, and iron by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis was performed by nonparametric tests (Friedman, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis).
Results: Saliva evaluation revealed a large variation in concentration of these ions between individuals. The results also appeared to indicate an increase in nickel and chromium ions immediately after placement of the appliance (T2), but this was statistically significant only for groups B and C. There was no increase in iron levels. A tendency for increases in nickel and chromium concentrations was verified immediately after placement of the appliance, but these values are probably reduced because of biofilm formation regardless of the bracket used.
Conclusion: Nickel and chromium ion concentrations increased immediately after placement of the appliance in the mouth for all study groups. There were no significant differences in the nickel, chromium, and iron levels released by the three groups of appliances at all study periods.