bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone formation at rhBMP‐2‐coated titanium implants in the rat ectopic model
Authors: Hall Jan , Sorensen Rachel G. , Wozney John M. , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground: The objective of this study was to evaluate local bone formation at titanium porous oxide (TPO) implant surfaces adsorbed with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2).Methods: In vitro studies were used to estimate the kinetics of I125‐labeled rhBMP‐2 released from TPO surfaces with narrow (N) or open (O) pores. Machined/turned titanium (MT) surfaces served as control. The rat ectopic model was used to assess local bone formation. Briefly, TPO‐N, TPO‐O, and MT disc implants adsorbed with 5, 10, or 20 μg rhBMP‐2, respectively, were implanted subcutaneously into the ventral thoracic region in 5‐week‐old male Long Evans rats. The animals were euthanized at day 14 postsurgery when implants with surrounding tissues were removed, radiographed, and gross observations recorded. The specimens were processed for histologic evaluation using conventional cut‐and‐grind techniques. TPO implants without rhBMP‐2 included in a preliminary evaluation revealed no evidence of bone formation, tissue encapsulation, or vascularity, thus such controls were not further used.Results: TPO and MT implant surfaces adsorbed with 5 μg rhBMP‐2 retained 2.3–5.4% rhBMP‐2 following immersion and rinse in buffer, and 1.1–2.2% rhBMP‐2 following repeated immersions and rinses over 27 days. TPO implants retained the most rhBMP‐2 and MT implants retained the least. Explants revealed increased hard tissue formation, tissue encapsulation, and vascularity at TPO compared with MT implants. Radiographic observations were consistent with the explant observations. The histologic analysis showed greater amounts of bone formation, osteoblastic cells, osteoid, marrow, tissue encapsulation, vascularity, and bone voids for implants adsorbed with 10 and 20 μg rhBMP‐2, and for TPO implants at the 5‐μg rhBMP‐2 dose. The histometric analysis revealed significantly greater bone formation at TPO‐O than at MT implants at the 5‐μg rhBMP‐2 dose. All surfaces showed significant bone formation at the 10‐ and 20‐μg dose.Conclusions: rhBMP‐2 adsorbed onto TPO implant surfaces executes an osteoinductive effect including bone contacting the implant surface. This effect is surface‐ and dose‐dependent; the TPO‐O surface yielding the most bone at the low discriminating rhBMP‐2 dose.
The new concept of periodontal disease pathogenesis requires new and novel therapeutic strategies
Authors: Taubman Martin A. , Kawai Toshihisa , Han Xiaozhe 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this issue Bostanci et al. (2007) demonstrate that receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were oppositely regulated in gingival crevice fluid (GCF) from periodontitis patients. RANKL, RANK and OPG are key molecules that regulate osteoclast recruitment, differentiation and activation. New concepts of the pathogenesis of periodontitis have implicated inflammation triggered by host immune response to periodontal biofilm microorganisms(s) in disease. Host response to bacteria involves activation of T and B cells in the inflammatory infiltrate which bear abundant RANKL that promotes osteoclastic bone resorption. Periodontal tissue destruction can be ameliorated by immunobiological interference with immune cell RANKL expression or function. The new disease concepts provide a foundation to build biological approaches to target RANKL production in periodontal lesions.
Polymorphisms in the CD14 and IL‐6 genes associated with periodontal disease
Authors: Tervonen Tellervo , Raunio Taina , Knuuttila Matti , Karttunen Riitta 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAim: To compare the frequencies of cytokine and receptor molecule genotypes in patients with chronic periodontitis with the corresponding frequencies in a reference population and to study the relationship between periodontal disease severity and polymorphisms in the studied genes.Subjects and methods: CD14, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐10, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, and TLR‐4 polymorphisms of 51 periodontitis patients were studied using polymerase chain reaction. The genotype frequencies in the periodontitis patients and a reference population (n=178) were compared. Probing pocket depth (PD), periodontal attachment level (AL), and alveolar bone level (BL) were related to the genotypes.Results: No statistically significant differences could be found between the frequencies of the cytokine genotypes in the periodontitis patients and in the reference group. The extent of periodontal disease was higher in subjects with the T‐containing genotype of CD14−260 and the GG genotype of IL‐6−174 when compared with the extent in the rest of the group. Subjects carrying the composite genotype of the above two were most severely affected by periodontal disease.Conclusion: According to the present results, an evident association exists between the carriage of the T‐containing genotype of CD14−260 and the GG genotype of IL‐6−174 and the extent periodontal disease.
Stress levels of dental students at the Fiji School of Medicine
Authors: Morse Zac , Dravo Uraia 
Published: May 2007

Introduction:  The Fiji School of Medicine is the primary health care educational institution in Fiji and possesses the only dental school in the Pacific. The oral health programme is a multi‐entry/exit programme. The aim of this study was to determine the perceived sources or stress and at risk groups within the undergraduate oral health care programmes.Methods:  A modified version of the Dental Environment Stress questionnaire was used to assess levels of stress for 41 items.Results:  A total of 115 undergraduate students participated (response rate = 84%). Of the respondents, 54% were male and 46% were female; 55% were Indo‐Fijians, 18% Indigenous‐Fijians, 8% Polynesians, 7% Micronesians, whilst Melanesians and others were each 6%. Moderate to severe stressful items were: full loaded day, followed by criticism from clinical supervisors in front of patients, amount of assigned work, fear of failing a course or year, examination and grades, financial resources, fear of employment after graduation and fear of facing parents after failure. Of the questionnaire items, 24% had significant differences across year groups. Overall, third years were most stressed followed by fourth years, fifth years, first years and second years. Indo‐Fijians were the most stressed, followed by Indigenous‐Fijians, Polynesians, others and Melanesians. Females were significantly more stressed than males for 27% of items. Private fee‐paying students were more stressed than sponsored students.Conclusion:  Overall stress levels were slight to moderate and were higher in senior years, Indo‐Fijians, females and private fee‐paying students.
Note on Shear Load-Testing Feedwater Heater Tube
Joints
Authors: Yokell Stanley 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This paper describes some results of shear load testing of welded and hybrid expanded tube–to–tube-sheet joints. The construction consisted of strength welding SA-688-TP 304N tubes to SA350LF-2 tube sheets clad with stainless-steel type 308∕309 weld wire followed by hybrid expanding the tubes into the full thickness of thick double-grooved tube sheets. The author theorizes that the mechanism that led to all failures reported to have occurred in the welds∕heat-affected zones instead of the anticipated tube yielding resulted from loss of interfacial pressure between the expanded tubes and surrounding ligaments. The author further speculates that elastic and plastic tube deformation during application of axial loads during shear load testing caused loss of interfacial pressure, which eliminated the holding capacity of the expanded-in length of tubes and that there was sufficient flattening of the tube metal deformed into the annular grooves to permit the applied loads to be carried to the welds.
Proposed Design Criterion for Vessel Lifting Lugs in Lieu of ASME B30.20
Authors: Williams Dennis K. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This paper describes a method for evaluating the structural adequacy of various lifting lugs utilized in the erection and up righting of large pressure vessels. In addition, the analysis techniques are described in detail and design guidelines for vessel lifting are tendered. The statutory and provincial regulations in both the United States and the province of Alberta, Canada are also reviewed and discussed with respect to the too often utilized phrase “factor of safety” (FOS). The implied implications derived from the chosen FOS are also outlined. A discussion is presented as to the applicability of the ASME safety standard B30.20 entitled, “Below the Hook Lifting Devices” (1999, ASME, New York) and as to the severe shortcomings of the safety standard in its attempt to delve into the design of lifting devices, especially when applied to lifting lugs on large and heavy-weight pressure vessels. Exemplar lugs on vessels are defined and the finite element analyses and closed form Hertzian contact problem solutions are presented and interpreted in accordance with the proposed design criteria. These results are compared against the very limited design information contained within ASME B30.20. Suggestions for the revision and applicability of the safety standard are presented and discussed in light of the examples and technical justification presented in the following paragraphs. In addition, the silence of this safety standard on the very large contact stresses that are well known to exist between a lifting pin and clevis type geometry is also discussed. Because of the limited number of repetitive loading cycles that vessel lifting lugs actually experience during the service life of a vessel, a recommendation is made to either clearly exclude vessel lifting lugs from the scope of ASME B30.20 or to specifically include a separate design and analysis section within this standard to properly address the mechanical and structural design issues applicable to pressure vessel lifting lugs.
Regional bone mineral density in male athletes: a comparison of soccer players, runners and controls
Authors: Fredericson Michael , Chew Kelvin , Ngo Jessica , Cleek Tammy , Kiratli Jenny , Cobb Kristin 
Published: May 2007

Objectives:To investigate the association of soccer playing and long-distance running with total and regional bone mineral density (BMD).Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Academic medical centre.Participants:Elite male soccer players (n = 15), elite male long-distance runners (n = 15) and sedentary male controls (n = 15) aged 20–30 years.Main outcome measurements:BMD (g/cm2) of the lumbar spine (L1–L4), right hip, right leg and total body were assessed by dual-energyx-ray absorptiometry, and a scan of the right calcaneus was performed with a peripheral instantaneousx-ray imaging bone densitometer.Results:After adjustment for age, weight and percentage body fat, soccer players had significantly higher whole body, spine, right hip, right leg and calcaneal BMD than controls (p = 0.008, p = 0.041, p<0.001, p = 0.019, p<0.001, respectively) and significantly higher right hip and spine BMD than runners (p = 0.012 and p = 0.009, respectively). Runners had higher calcaneal BMD than controls (p = 0.002). Forty percent of the runners had T-scores of the lumbar spine between −1 and −2.5. Controls were similar: 34% had T-scores below −1 (including 7% with T-scores lower than −2.5).Conclusions:Playing soccer is associated with higher BMD of the skeleton at all sites measured. Running is associated with higher BMD at directly loaded sites (the calcaneus) but not at relatively unloaded sites (the spine). Specific loading conditions, seen in ball sports or in running, play a pivotal role in skeletal adaptation. The importance of including an appropriate control group in clinical studies is underlined.
Effect of caffeine supplementation on haematological and biochemical variables in elite soccer players under physical stress conditions
Authors: Bassini-Cameron Adriana , Sweet Eric , Bottino Altamiro , Bittar Christina , Veiga Carlos , Cameron Luiz-Claudio 
Published: May 2007

Objective:To evaluate the effect of caffeine on white cell distribution and muscle injury markers in professional soccer players during exercise.Methods:22 male athletes completed a placebo controlled double blind test protocol to simulate a soccer match, followed by a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test.Results:Exercise caused an increase in packed cell volume that was enhanced by caffeine. Caffeine and exercise had a synergistic effect on the blood lymphocyte count, which increased by about 38% after exercise, and by an additional 35% when combined with caffeine. Caffeine promoted an exercise independent rise in circulating monocytes, and a synergistic action of exercise and caffeine was observed on segmented neutrophils. Caffeine promoted thrombocytosis. Plasma adenosine deaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations were enhanced by exercise, and alanine transaminase concentration was enhanced in both groups, with a synergistic effect of caffeine.Conclusions:The pronounced increase in the white cell count in the group receiving caffeine appeared to be caused by greater muscle stress and consequently more intense endothelial and muscle cell injury. The use of caffeine may augment the risk of muscle damage in athletes.
Risk for leukaemia and brain and breast cancer among Danish utility workers: a second follow-up: Table 1
Authors: Johansen Christoffer , Raaschou Nielsen Ole , Olsen Jrgen H , Schz Joachim 
Published: May 2007

Objective:To update a study of risks for leukaemia, brain cancer and breast cancer in a Danish nationwide, population-based cohort of utility employees.Methods:A multivariate statistical model including information on age, duration of employment, date of first employment and level of occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields was applied.Results:No increased risk for these cancers was seen among 28224 subjects with more than 3 months of employment in whom cancer had not been diagnosed before first employment.Conclusion:The results do not support the hypothesis of an association between occupational exposure to magnetic fields in the electric utility industry and risks for leukaemia, brain cancer and breast cancer.
Accumulation of copper and generation of hydroxyl radicals of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fukuda Hiroyuki , Ebara Masaaki , Arimoto Manaka , Obu Masamichi , Kin Shinnen , Yoshikawa Masaharu , Sugiura Nobuyuki , Saisho Hiromitsu , Yukawa Masae , Ikota Nobuo , Ozawa Toshihiko , Ogura Yasumitsu , Suzuki Kazuo 
Published: May 2007

Aims: This study evaluated the connection between the progression of hepatic fibrosis and trace metals, the distribution profiles of copper(Cu) and Zinc (Zn) and the generation of hydroxyl radicals from Cu- metallothionein (MT) purified from human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We measured the metal contents in HCC tissue and liver parenchyma in patients with HCC. The content of metals in the liver was measured by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Distribution profiles of Cu and Zn in human liver was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The generation of hydroxyl radicals was measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique. Results: Hepatic copper content increased with the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Copper level in liver parenchyma was higher in patients with HCC than in those without HCC (p < 0.01). MT was mainly present as Zn-MT in normal liver, Cu,Zn-MT in surrounding liver parenchyma and Cu-MT in HCC (p < 0.01). The signal intensity of the ESR spectrum in HCC was stronger than those in normal liver and surrounding liver parenchyma. Conclusions: Copper accumulation in the liver parenchyma seems to relate to hepatocarcinogenesis.
STUDY OF COLOUR MULTILAYERS IN A PAINTING BY PIXE TECHNIQUE
Authors: BRISSAUD Ivan , LAGARDE Gérard , MIDY Pierre 
Published: May 2007

A new procedure for the investigation of acrylic paint layers superposed on an aluminim foil has been recently suggested. The experimental technique consisted in a series of PIKE analyses at various incident proton energies. The sequence of colours and the thicknesses of the layers were established very satisfactorily. Here, we apply this technique to a painting made with six acrylic colours from Liquitex Inc. Analyses at various points yield a good agreement with the information given by the painter. In this article we report on the results obtained for one of the points and we present and discuss the ingredients required by the computation.
PIXE DETERMINATION ON THE CHANGES IN THE COPPER CONTENT IN LIVERS OF LONG-EVANS CINNAMON (LEC) RATS FOLLOWING SUPPLEMENT WITH IRON AND CALCIUM
Authors: OHTA A. , MATSUBAYASHI T. , SONE Y. , NAKAYAMA S. 
Published: May 2007

The analysis of copper, iron, calcium, and other elements in livers of Long-Evans Cinnamon(LEC) rats by PIXE determination is described. The copper contents in the livers of LEC rats which were supplemented with 1g/100g, in the food of calcium chloride dihydrate and iron(II) chloride n-hydrate, respectively, for 5 weeks were determined before and after supplement by PIXE. The experimental results showed that after supplement of the calcium- and iron-fortified food the copper content in the livers of LEC rats decreased with the supplement. The present data suggest that supplement of iron or calcium can be responsible for copper homeostasis in livers of LEC rats, and that the excessive accumulation of copper in livers of LEC rats can readily remove when high load of iron or calcium are supplemented.
Population Discrimination by Strontium-calcium Concentration Ratios of Sagittal Otoliths Taken from the Japanese Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus
Authors: KAKUTA I. , CHIBA D. , ISHII K. , YAMAZAKI H. , IWASAKI S. , MATSUYAMA S. 
Published: May 2007

For the purpose of obtaining basic data to understand the population dynamics of the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, inhabiting the Sanriku coastal waters, the concentration ratios of Ca and Sr in otoliths of juvenile fishes being cultivated for releasing to the regions, and those of adult fishes captured in both the Sanriku area (Aomori, Iwate and Miyagi) and Shizuoka prefecture coastal regions (as a comparison) were analysed using a particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. The Sr/Ca ratios of otoliths taken from juvenile Japanese flounders had significant differences between Sanriku and Shizuoka sea-farming groups. The differences in otolith Sr/Ca ratios between Sanriku and Shizuoka sea-farming stations would thus differentiate flounder populations. No significant difference in otolith Sr/Ca ratios was observed among the Sanriku group. However, the values for Aomori group formed by small fishes in the Sanriku group seemed to be lower in proportion to their body size. Therefore, genetic characteristics of the juvenile Japanese flounder being reared at the sea-farming stations in Iwate and Miyagi prefectures are possibly different from those at an Aomori station. On the other hand, statistically significant differences in the otolith Sr/Ca ratios among Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi and Shizuoka groups were found in the adult Japanese flounder. That is, higher values for the otolith Sr/Ca ratios were found in the groups inhabiting in the northern regions. The differences in otolith Sr/Ca ratios among these groups probably indicate that there are differences in the fish populations among these sample sites.
THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MITOCHONDRIAL AND NUCLEAR MAGNESIUM CONCENTRATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF APOPTOSIS
Authors: Harada Satoshi , Sera Koichiro , Futatsugawa Shyoji , Oikawa Hirobumi , Tamakawa Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2007

The interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear Mg concentration for the development of radiation-induced apoptosis were tested IN VIVO in Sarcoma-180 in BALB/c mice.The frequency of apoptosis was expressed as a percentage of TUNEL reactivity in the 5 microscopic views under 400 times magnification, and Mg concentration in either mitochondria or nucleus was measured by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), on 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours after the 10 or 20 Gy of60Co gamma ray radiation, to the mice with or without the 0.01 mMOL MgCl2oral administration.There were proximal increases of apoptosis, which peaked on 9 hours after radiation. The Mg concentration of mitochondria strongly correlated with frequency of apoptosis from 3 to 9 hrs after radiation, and that of the nucleus strongly correlated with frequency of apoptosis from 6 to 24 hours after radiation. The oral administration of MgCl2did not change those correlations.The two steps are considered: 1st) signaling from mitochondria to nucleus involving Mg on induction of apoptosis; and 2nd) removal of apoptosis involving nuclear Mg .
MICRO-PIXE EVALUATION OF Fe DISTRIBUTION IN BARLEY ROOTS
Authors: SCHNEIDER THORSTEN , POVH BOGDAN , STRASSER OLIVER , GIERTH MARKUS , PRZYBYLOWICZ WOJCIECH , MESJASZ-PRZYBYLOWICZ JOLANTA , CHURMS CECIL , SCHÜßLER ARTHUR 
Published: May 2007

High Fe concentrations were reported from roots of plants grown in soil. This has been discussed as a possible Fe source for plants, since the concentrations shown in the roots were much higher than in the shoots. There are, however, also some indications that soil contamination at the root surface of soil grown plants could have led to an overestimation of the Fe concentration in roots. Fe distribution in root cross sections of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Alexis) has been studied to investigate this hypothesis. Micro-PIXE analyses in point and mapping mode were complemented by the STIM technique. Based on the correlation between Fe and soil-related elements ( Ti , Al and Si ), most of Fe located at the root surface could be attributed to soil contamination. It could also be shown that this soil contamination leads to an overestimation of Fe concentration in roots.
CATEGORICITY FROM ONE SUCCESSOR CARDINAL IN TAME ABSTRACT ELEMENTARY CLASSES
Authors: GROSSBERG RAMI , VANDIEREN MONICA 
Published: May 2007

We prove that from categoricity in λ+ we can get categoricity in all cardinals ≥ λ+ in a χ-tame abstract elementary classe [Formula: see text] which has arbitrarily large models and satisfies the amalgamation and joint embedding properties, provided [Formula: see text] and λ ≥ χ. For the missing case when [Formula: see text], we prove that [Formula: see text] is totally categorical provided that [Formula: see text] is categorical in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Deformation Micromechanics of a Thermoplastic—Thermoset Fiber—Matrix Interface using the Single Fiber Composite Test
Authors: Gonzalez-Chi P.I. , Young R.J. 
Published: May 2007

The development of high performance fibers, based on polyethylene (PE) fiber opened the possibility of manufacturing composites with high strength and lightness and gave a modern application to an old fashioned material. In the present study, the interfacial micromechanics between gel-spun PE fibers and epoxy resin is studied using Raman spectroscopy. The poor adhesive properties between PE and any matrix material makes it ideal for studying the debonding process; the interfacial failure is relatively easy to promote. The study of the deformation micromechanics and failure of the thermoplastic—thermoset interface will eventually lead to the control of this type of hybrid composite, which represent a new kind of materials. The single fiber composite geometry was used to study the interface and how it was affected by different chemical treatments on the fiber surface, which created an interface between the PE fiber and the epoxy matrix. Prior to treatment, the interaction between them was nonexistent. Stress profiles along the fiber were obtained using Raman spectroscopy and the interface performance was assessed using a partial debonding model. The results not only lead to calculation of the interfacial shear stress (ISS), but also aid in understanding the debonding process and levels of stress required for the composite interface to fail.