bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potassium affects the association between dietary intake of vitamin C and NAFLD among adults in the United States
Authors: Liu Xu-Hua , Chen Hao-Kai , Luo Jing , He Xiang-Ping , Zhang Wan-Lin , Chen Yue , Li Xiu-Juan , Lan Qi-Wen , Ma Xiao-Man , Guo Xu-Guang 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Although the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and vitamin C has been well studied, the effects of dietary potassium intake on this relationship are still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of dietary potassium intake on the association between vitamin C and NAFLD.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional learn about with 9443 contributors the usage of 2007–2018 NHANES data. Multiple logistic regression evaluation has been utilized to check out the affiliation of dietary vitamin C intake with NAFLD and advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF). Subsequently, we plotted a smoothed match curve to visualize the association. Especially, the analysis of AHF was conducted among the NAFLD population. In addition, stratified evaluation used to be developed primarily based on demographic variables to verify the steadiness of the results. Effect amendment by way of dietary potassium intake used to be assessed via interplay checks between vitamin C and NAFLD in the multivariable linear regression.

Results
In this cross-sectional study, we found that vitamin C was negatively related to NAFLD and AHF. The relationship between vitamin C and NAFLD was different in the low, middle and high potassium intake groups. Furthermore, potassium intake significantly modified the negative relationship between vitamin C and NAFLD in most of the models.

Conclusion
Our research showed that potassium and vitamin C have an interactive effect in reducing NAFLD, which may have great importance for clinical medication.
Personal protective equipment utilization and its association with educational status among industry workers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Debela Sisay Abebe , Tefera Yonatal Mesfin , Endeshaw Mulualem , Daba Chala , Debela Endashaw Abebe , Luke Amana Ogeto , Atomsa Teferi , Seyoum Solomon , Gebrehiwot Mesfin 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionEthiopia is experiencing high prevalence of occupational morbidity and disability. One of the main contributing reasons is a low utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE). Previous studies on PPE utilization and association with educational status among industry workers were largely inconsistent. Therefore, this meta-analysis is aimed to pool the magnitude of PPE utilization and its association with educational status among industry workers in Ethiopia.MethodA compressive search of international databases and libraries including Scopus, PubMed, MedNar, Embase, MEDLINE, the web of science, Google Scholar, the JBI Library, African Journals Online, and Science direct will be carried out to locate published reports. Two independent reviewers will screen the records for inclusion using standardized JBI tools. Before extracting and synthesizing data, the selected studies will undergo a rigorous critical appraisal. If appropriate, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Cochrane Q-test and I2-test statistics will be used to assess the heterogeneity between studies. If necessary, meta-regression and subgroup analyses will be conducted to explore potential reasons for any inconsistency and heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis will be performed to assess the effect of a single study on the pooled magnitude estimates. Funnel plots, along with Egger’s and Begg’s tests, will be used to assess the presence of publication bias.PROSPERO registration number:PROSPERO, CRD42022364562
Latent class analysis of barriers to HIV testing services and associations with sexual behaviour and HIV status among adolescents and young adults in Nigeria
Authors: Badejo Okikiolu , Wouters Edwin , Van Belle Sara , Buve Anne , Smekens Tom , Jwanle Plang , Laga Marie , Nöstlinger Christiana 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionAdolescents and young adults (AYA) face multiple barriers to accessing healthcare services, which can interact, creating complex needs that often impact health behaviours, leading to increased vulnerability to HIV. We aimed to identify distinct AYA subgroups based on patterns of barriers to HIV testing services and assess the association between these barrier patterns and sexual behaviour, socio-demographics, and HIV status.MethodsData were from Nigeria’s AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS, 2018) and included 18,612 sexually active AYA aged 15–24 years who had never been tested for HIV and reported barriers to accessing HIV testing services. A Latent class analysis (LCA) model was built from 12 self-reported barrier types to identify distinct subgroups of AYA based on barrier patterns. Latent class regressions (LCR) were conducted to compare the socio-demographics, sexual behaviour, and HIV status across identified AYA subgroups. Sex behaviour characteristics include intergenerational sex, transactional sex, multiple sex partners, condom use, and knowledge of partner’s HIV status.ResultsOur LCA model identified four distinct AYA subgroups termed ’low-risk perception’ (n = 7,361; 39.5%), ’consent and proximity’ (n = 5,163; 27.74%), ’testing site’ (n = 4,996; 26.84%), and ’cost and logistics’ (n = 1,092; 5.87%). Compared to adolescents and young adults (AYA) in the low-risk perception class, those in the consent and proximity class were more likely to report engaging in intergenerational sex (aOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02–1.35), transactional sex (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.23–1.84), and have multiple sex partners (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.39–2.20), while being less likely to report condom use (aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63–0.99). AYA in the testing site class were more likely to report intergenerational sex (aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04–1.39) and transactional sex (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.26–1.85). AYA in the cost and logistics class were more likely to engage in transactional sex (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.58–2.84) and less likely to report condom use (aOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34–0.98). There was no significant relationship between barrier subgroup membership and HIV status. However, being female, aged 15–24 years, married or cohabiting, residing in the Southsouth zone, and of Christian religion increased the likelihood of being HIV infected.ConclusionsPatterns of barriers to HIV testing are linked with differences in sexual behaviour and sociodemographic profiles among AYA, with the latter driving differences in HIV status. Findings can improve combination healthcare packages aimed at simultaneously addressing multiple barriers and determinants of vulnerability to HIV among AYA.
Expression of RAS and RAB interactor 1 (RIN1) in head and neck tumors at selected hospital in Ghana
Authors: Osei Saahene Roland , Barnes Precious , Yeboah F. A. , Agbo Elvis , Asante Du-Bois , Arhin Samuel Kofi 
Published: April 2024

Background
Head and neck tumors (HNT) are tumors of the paranasal sinuses, the salivary glands and the upper aerodigestive tract. RIN1 is a Ras effector protein regulating epithelial cell properties and has been implicated in a number of cancers.

Method
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of RIN1 in head and neck tumors. RIN1 expression was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining on archival head and neck tissue samples between 2014 and 2020.

Results
RIN1 expression was low in tissue samples as compared with the normal head and neck tissues. High and low RIN1 levels were compared with ages ≤40, >40 in the head and neck tumors of p-value 0.02. There was a significant difference with p-values of 0.001 when poor and well-moderate malignant tumors were compared.

Conclusion
Our data suggests that RIN1may play an important role in head and neck tumor progression and that its expression may provide baseline data to facilitate identification of new molecular targeted therapeutics.
Prechtl’s method to assess general movements: Inter-rater reliability during the preterm period
Authors: Valencia Angélica , Viñals Carlos , Alvarado Elsa , Balderas Marcela , Provasi Joëlle 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Prechtl’s method (GMA) is a test for the functional assessment of the young nervous system. It involves a global and a detailed assessment of the general movements (GMs) and has demonstrated validity. Data on the reliability of both assessments in the preterm period are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the inter-rater reliability for the global and detailed assessments of the preterm writhing GMA.

Materials and methods
The study participants were 69 infants born at <37 gestational weeks and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. They were randomly assigned to five pairs of raters. Raters assessed infants’ GMs using preterm videos. Outcome variables were (a) the GMs classification (normal versus abnormal; normal versus abnormal subcategories) and (b) the general movements optimality score (GMOS), obtained through the global and detailed assessments. The Gwet’s AC1 and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated for the GMs classification and the GMOS, respectively.

Results
The global assessment presented an AC1 = 0.84 [95% CI = 0.54,1] for the GMs binary classification and an AC1 = 0.67 [95% CI = 0.38,0.89] for the GMs classification with abnormal subcategories. The detailed assessment presented an ICC = 0.72 [95% CI = 0.39,0.90] for the GMOS.

Conclusions
Inter-rater reliability was high and substantial for the global assessment and good for the detailed assessment. However, the small sample size limited the precision of these estimates. Future research should involve larger samples of preterm infants to improve estimate precision. Challenging items such as assessing the neck and trunk, poor repertoire GMs, and tremulous movements may impact the preterm writhing GMA’s inter-rater reliability. Therefore, ongoing training and calibration among raters is necessary. Further investigation in clinical settings can enhance our understanding of the preterm writhing GMA’s reliability.
Neste lugar, a sagrada Hélade salvámos: Homenagem a Luísa de Nazaré Ferreira. Volume I
Authors: Soares Carmen , González Marta González , Rodrigues Nuno Simões 
Published: April 2024

Esta obra reúne um conjunto de estudos em homenagem a Luísa de Nazaré Ferreira. Especialistas de diferentes domínios científicos refletem sobre temas relacionados com a Grécia e a História Antigas, mas também com outras áreas da História, da Literatura, da Política e da Religião. Salamina constitui o eixo central em torno do qual se organiza o Vol. I – testemunhos literários, o seu impacto na História e a receção na Arte e na Literatura. O Vol. II congrega diversos contributos, do Egito e Roma Antigos à Época Moderna e Contemporaneidade. A riqueza de temáticas, transversais no tempo e no espaço, reflete as respostas dos colegas, amigos e discípulos ao apelo de participar nesta homenagem à helenista, professora e investigadora da Universidade de Coimbra, Luísa de Nazaré Ferreira.
Neste lugar, a sagrada Hélade salvámos: Homenagem a Luísa de Nazaré Ferreira. Volume II
Authors: Soares Carmen , González Marta González , Rodrigues Nuno Simões 
Published: April 2024

Esta obra reúne um conjunto de estudos em homenagem a Luísa de Nazaré Ferreira. Especialistas de diferentes domínios científicos refletem sobre temas relacionados com a Grécia e a História Antigas, mas também com outras áreas da História, da Literatura, da Política e da Religião. Salamina constitui o eixo central em torno do qual se organiza o Vol. I – testemunhos literários, o seu impacto na História e a receção na Arte e na Literatura. O Vol. II congrega diversos contributos, do Egito e Roma Antigos à Época Moderna e Contemporaneidade. A riqueza de temáticas, transversais no tempo e no espaço, reflete as respostas dos colegas, amigos e discípulos ao apelo de participar nesta homenagem à helenista, professora e investigadora da Universidade de Coimbra, Luísa de Nazaré Ferreira.
Quantified Metrics of Gastric Emptying Delay by Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Insights for Periprocedural Management
Authors: Hiramoto Brent , McCarty Thomas R. , Lodhia Nayna A. , Jenkins Andrew , Elnaiem Ahmed , Muftah Mayssan , Flanagan Ryan , Chan Walter W. 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Divergent recommendations for periprocedural management of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) medications rely on limited evidence. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide quantitative measures of gastric emptying relevant to mechanisms of weight loss and to periprocedural management of GLP-1 RA. We hypothesized that the magnitude of gastric emptying delay would be low and of limited clinical significance to procedural sedation risks.

METHODS:
A protocolized search identified studies on GLP-1 RA that quantified gastric emptying measures. Pooled estimates using random effects were presented as a weighted mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Univariate meta-regression was performed to assess the influence of GLP-1 RA type, short-acting vs long-acting mechanism of action, and duration of treatment on gastric emptying.

RESULTS:
Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Five studies (n = 247) utilized gastric emptying scintigraphy. Mean T1/2 was 138.4 minutes (95% CI 74.5–202.3) for GLP-1 RA vs 95.0 minutes (95% CI 54.9–135.0) for placebo, with a pooled mean difference of 36.0 minutes (95% CI 17.0–55.0, P < 0.01, I
2 = 79.4%). Ten studies (n = 411) utilized the acetaminophen absorption test, with no significant delay in gastric emptying measured by Tmax, area under the curve (AUC)4hr, and AUC5hr with GLP-1 RA (P > 0.05). On meta-regression, the type of GLP-1 RA, mechanism of action, and treatment duration did not impact gastric emptying (P > 0.05).

DISCUSSION:
While a gastric emptying delay of ∼36 minutes is quantifiable on GLP-1 RA medications, it is of limited magnitude relative to standard periprocedural fasting periods. There were no substantial differences in gastric emptying on modalities reflective of liquid emptying (acetaminophen absorption test), particularly at time points relevant to periprocedural care.
Visceral Adipose Tissue Reduction Measured by Deep Neural Network Architecture Improved Reflux Esophagitis Endoscopic Grade
Authors: Han Yoo Min , Yoon Jeong Hee , Yoo Seokha , Chung Su Jin , Lee Jeong Min , Choi Ji Min , Jin Eun Hyo , Seo Ji Yeon 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Visceral obesity is a risk factor for reflux esophagitis (RE). We investigated the risk of RE according to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured by deep neural network architecture using computed tomography (CT) and evaluated the longitudinal association between abdominal adipose tissue changes and the disease course of RE.

METHODS:
Individuals receiving health checkups who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and abdominal CT at Seoul National University Healthcare System Gangnam Center between 2015 and 2016 were included. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas and volumes were measured using a deep neural network architecture and CT. The association between the abdominal adipose tissue area and volume and the risk of RE was evaluated. Participants who underwent follow-up EGD and abdominal CT were selected; the effects of changes in abdominal adipose tissue area and volume on RE endoscopic grade were investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS:
We enrolled 6,570 patients who underwent EGD and abdominal CT on the same day. RE was associated with male sex, hypertension, diabetes, excessive alcohol intake, current smoking status, and levels of physical activity. The VAT area and volume increased the risk of RE dose-dependently. A decreasing VAT volume was significantly associated with improvement in RE endoscopic grade (hazard ratio: 3.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.82–5.71). Changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue volume and the disease course of RE were not significantly correlated.

DISCUSSION:
Visceral obesity is strongly associated with RE. VAT volume reduction was prospectively associated with improvement in RE endoscopic grade dose-dependently. Visceral obesity is a potential target for RE treatment.
Sex differences in cachexia and branched‐chain amino acid metabolism following chemotherapy in mice
Authors: Mora Stephen , Mann Gagandeep , Adegoke Olasunkanmi A. J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChemotherapy is a major contributor to cachexia, but studies often investigate male animals. Here, we investigated whether sex modifies the effects of chemotherapy on cachexia and BCAA metabolism. Ten‐week‐old CD2F1 male and female mice were treated with the chemotherapy drug cocktail folfiri (50 mg/kg 5‐fluorouracil, 90 mg/kg leucovorin, and 24 mg/kg CPT11) (drug) or vehicle twice a week for 6 weeks. Insulin tolerance tests were conducted and BCAA levels and metabolism were measured in plasma and tissues. Drug treatment reduced body and skeletal muscle weights and anabolic signaling in both sexes, with females showing worsened outcomes (p < 0.05 for all). Drug treatment increased plasma BCAA only in males, but BCAA concentrations in the skeletal muscle of both sexes were decreased; this decrease was more profound in males (p = 0.0097). In addition, muscle expression of the BCAA transporter LAT1 was reduced; this reduction was more severe in females (p = 0.0264). In both sexes, the (inhibitory) phosphorylation of BCKD‐E1αser293 was increased along with decreased BCKD activity. In the liver, drug treatment increased BCAA concentrations and LAT1 expression, but BCKD activity was suppressed in both sexes (p < 0.05 for all). Our results demonstrate that altered BCAA metabolism may contribute to chemotherapy‐induced cachexia in a sex‐dependent manner.
Characterization of neighborhood operators based on neighborhood relationships
Authors: Caixin Wei , Pei Wang , Rongrong Xu , Wanyuan Huang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Neighborhood relationships play a pivotal role in rough set theory, addressing the limitations of equivalence relations. This article focuses on defining upper and lower approximation operators using neighborhood relationships and exploring their properties in terms of serialization, inverse serialization, reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity, and Euclidean relations. Furthermore, a necessary and sufficient condition for the upper approximation operator to function as a topological closure operator is derived. Overall, this research sheds light on the significance of neighborhood relationships and their implications within rough set theory.
On-site peer mentorship’s effect on personal and professional development, stress reduction, and ease of transition into the medical education system
Authors: Whitfield Savannah , Hazard Caryn , Haynes Brittnee , Coffey Todd , Lynch Launa , Davis Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Mentorship aids in the transition into the medical education system, which is a demanding and stressful time for learners. The development of new medical schools to offset the physician shortage has posed a challenge in that the inaugural class of students lacks an upperclassman cohort as a resource for advice and mentorship. Mentorship has proven to have positive impacts on three domains: personal and professional development (PPD), stress reduction (SR), and ease of transition (ET) into medical school.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to identify sources of mentorship within the medical education system and compare the subjective growth of the inaugural and second classes of a newly established medical school in the three domains.

Methods
The inaugural and second classes at a newly established medical school completed an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved anonymous survey with questions pertaining to unidentifiable demographics, sources of mentorship, and a five-point Likert scale assessing characteristics related to the three domains.

Results
Twenty-three students responded to the survey. The second class (n=9) rated their growth higher in all three domains compared to the inaugural class (n=14). The inaugural class utilized the faculty mentor the most (11/14, 78.6 %). The second class utilized the on-site peer mentor the most (9/9, 100 %). Qualitative data analysis led to the emergence of three themes: (1) students utilizing their faculty mentor had the greatest growth in PPD and ET; (2) students utilizing on-site peer mentorship reporting the greatest growth in SR; and (3) informal peer mentorship utilization correlating with less growth in the three domains.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates the profound impact that mentorship has on growth in the three domains regardless of the type of mentorship utilized. The benefits, specifically with regard to SR, of an on-site peer mentorship program may not have been satisfied by other sources of mentorship.
Correlation of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Levels with Myopia Degree and Axial Length in Outpatient Myopic Adolescents
Authors: Aldy Fithria , Yanni Gema Nazri , Siregar Jelita 
Published: April 2024

Myopia is the most common ophthalmic condition worldwide, with an estimated 22.9% of the population or 1.406 billion people affected. Studies of candidate gene-associated refraction abnormalities have also identified several genes that cause vulnerability myopia, including the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) genes. The purpose of the study was to analyze the correlation between hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels, degrees of myopia, and long axial in adolescents with myopia treated as outpatients in Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital. This study applied the cross-sectional analytical approach. The inclusion criterion for the participants was patients diagnosed as suffering from myopia by the Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic of the Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital. Sampling was performed consecutively with a minimum sample size of 25 patients in control group and 25 patients in the case group. This study revealed that the mean axial length of the right eye in the case group was 23.82 mm, with a significant difference in the axial length between the case and control groups. The mean HGF level in the myopia group was 510.49 ng/mL, which was not significantly different from the mean HGF level in the control or emmetropic group. The HGF levels were highest in the group of subjects with moderate myopia, with an average of 551.87 ng/mL, and differences in HGF levels were identified in different degrees of myopia. Thus, no significant correlation is identified between the HGF levels, axial length, and myopia degree.