bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C1-C2 sublaminar taping for displaced odontoid synchondrosis fracture in an infant: A case report and novel surgical technique
Authors: Campbell Ryan J. , Yasutomi Motofumi , Nicholls Sarah , Mazepa Elizabeth , Ruff Stephen , Gray Randolph 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Pediatric cervical spine injuries are rare, and the diagnosis and management can be challenging. Surgical intervention has been recommended in unstable odontoid synchondrosis injuries or those that have failed nonoperative measures. However, the literature remains sparse on the operative management of severe injuries due to the low incidence. An 18-month-old female sustained an unstable odontoid synchondrosis fracture from a motor vehicle accident. Due to ongoing instability after initial immobilization in a halo, the decision was made to proceed with surgical management. With the patient positioned prone and neural monitoring throughout, a posterior approach was utilized. Subperiosteal exposure of the C1 posterior arch was performed bilaterally. A spinal fixation band was passed under the right C1 posterior arch, around the C2 spinous process, under the left C1 posterior arch, and finally back under the C2 spinous process. The C1-C2 distraction was reduced using intraoperative imaging, and the sublaminar tape construct was secured and reinforced. The halo was then reattached. Postoperative recovery was complicated by a halo pin-site infection which was treated with oral antibiotics. The halo was removed after 3 months, following a computerized tomography that demonstrated union. X-rays at 6 months revealed anatomical alignment with the union. Surgery is recommended in pediatric odontoid synchondrosis fractures refractory to nonoperative management. Sublaminar taping of C1-C2 with a spinal fixation band has been demonstrated to be an effective surgical technique in the management of an unstable odontoid synchondrosis fracture.
Upper and lower cervical alignment parameters measured on supine magnetic resonance imaging with the occipital slope as a key marker of cervical alignment
Authors: Karabag Hamza , Iplikcioglu Ahmet Celal 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Cervical spine alignment is evaluated by measuring the cervical angles or parameters on standing plain radiography. In this study, we aimed to evaluate mainly the upper cervical alignment and the correlation between upper and lower cervical sagittal parameters measured on supine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods:
Cervical MRIs of 210 outpatients were reviewed to measure the upper and lower cervical sagittal parameters. Their mean values were compared with normative values measured on standing X-ray from the literature. Correlations between the parameters were analyzed using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

Results:
The C0 slope was correlated with all other parameters, except for the C2–7 sagittal vertical axis. The strongest correlations (r > 0.500) were between the CL and C2 slope, between the CO2 and C0 slope, and between the C2 slope and C0 slope.

Conclusion:
On supine MRI, the C0 slope is a key marker of cervical spinal alignment. A strong correlation was observed between the C2 slope and C0 slope; therefore, the relationship between upper and lower cervical alignment could be assessed using slopes on MRI.
The Study of COVID-19 Infection in Health-Care Workers Post-COVID Vaccination
Authors: Kinge Kirti Vinayak , Miranda Roshni C. , Chate Priyanka Dnyanoba 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Indian Council of Medical Research report in April 2021 showed the incidence of breakthrough infection ranged from 0.02% to 0.04%, in spite of immunization with the COVID vaccine. Hence, the current study was done to find out postvaccination occurrence of COVID-19 in health-care workers (HCWs) and describe the characteristics of postvaccination illness.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to find out postvaccination COVID-19 illness characteristics such as severity, outcome, and required treatment in HCWs.

Subjects and Methods:
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over the duration of 3 months from July to September 2021 on 988 HCWs. The data were collected using Google Forms made available on social media platforms. Continuous data were analyzed by Mann–Whitney test and categorical variables using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.

Results:
Seventy-two (7.2%) out of 988 HCWs that participated in the study were tested COVID-19 positive (56.9% by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, 38.9% by rapid antigen, and 4.16% by CBNAAT) postvaccination. The observed breakthrough infection was 3.84%. There were 18.3% and 5.6% cases of confirmed COVID-19 infection postpartial and complete vaccination, respectively (P = 0.000455). Those HCWs who had direct patient contact i. e., doctors and hospital staff 62 (6.7%) were more infected than other categories of HCWs (P = 0.010). Out of 72 cases who tested positive for COVID-19 infection, 52 were mild, 18 were moderate, and 2 were severe cases.

Conclusion:
Complete vaccination with two doses of the indigenous COVID vaccine is highly effective to bring down COVID illness-related hospitalization, severity, and death.
ANALISIS RELEVANSI RAHN DENGAN DINAMIKA PERIKATAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Billah Ana 
Published: March 2024

Rahn, or pawn in Arabic, is a financial transaction that involves the delivery of goods as collateral for financing facilities. In the context of Indonesian law, pawn is regulated as a legal right obtained by the debtor over movable assets. In the dynamics of obligations, especially in Indonesia, there are conventional and sharia pawn, with the existence of these differences, it certainly requires a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of obligations in Indonesia about their differences and similarities. By using the literature research method (library research) which relies on data or information that exists in the literature such as journals, books, newspapers, and other documents. descriptive analysis is used in this study to explain in detail or describe the phenomenon that is happening or has happened. This method helps in understanding the concepts related to the analysis of amanah product financing at the sharia pawn unit and the relevance of rahn with the dynamics of sharia obligations in Indonesia. Rahn, or pawn, has an important role in providing guarantees for loans given, with sharia principles that must be obeyed. Sharia pawn aims to provide financing in accordance with sharia principles, such as the prohibition of riba (interest) and unethical business practices, as well as increasing financial inclusion in Indonesia. the difference between conventional and sharia pawn, including in terms of legal basis, pawn actors, agreement letters, pawn agreements, benefits of pawn recipients, capital rental rates, and handling of auction money. Although the concept and way of working of conventional and sharia pawn have similarities, there are also significant differences, especially in terms of the interest system that is not in accordance with sharia principles. sharia pawn has a strategic role in encouraging financial inclusion, economic growth, and increasing public awareness and understanding of sharia finance. By adhering to sharia principles, sharia pawn provides alternative financing that is in accordance with Islamic beliefs and values, thus providing a positive impact for the Indonesian people as a whole.
Keywords: pawn or collateral,sharia pawn or rahn,conventional pawn,Dynamics of sharia agreements
A Model-Based Reinforcement Learning Method with Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder
Authors: Zhu Ting , Ren Ruibin , Li Yukai , Liu Wenbin 
Published: March 2024

Model-based reinforcement learning can effectively improve the sample efficiency of reinforcement learning, but the environment model in this method has errors. The model errors can mislead the policy optimization, leading to suboptimal policy. To improve the generalization ability of the environment model, existing methods often use ensemble models or Bayesian models to build the environment model. However, these methods are computationally intensive and complex to update. Since the generated model can describe the stochastic nature of the environment, this paper proposes a model-based reinforcement learning method based on conditional variational auto-encoder (CVAE). In this paper, we use a CVAE to learn task-related representations and apply the generative model to predict environmental changes. Considering the problem of multi-step error accumulation, model adaptation is utilized to minimize the difference between simulated and real data distributions. Furthermore, the experiments verified that the proposed method can learn task-relevant representations and accelerate policy learning.

Received: 5 January 2024 | Revised: 28 February 2024 | Accepted: 9 March 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Author Contribution Statement
Ting Zhu: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Ruibin Ren: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration. Yukai Li: Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing - review & editing. Wenbin Liu: Software, Validation, Resources, Writing - review & editing, Project administration.
Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature
Authors: Lambdin Robert Thomas , Lambdin Laura 
Published: March 2024

Often misleadingly called the Dark Ages, the period between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance was a time of great creativity. The Middle Ages gave rise to some of the world's most enduring and influential literary works, including Dante'sCommedia, Chaucer'sThe Canterbury Tales, and a large body of Arthurian lore and legend. This reference is a comprehensive guide to literature written between 500 and 1500. While the volume is primarily devoted to the early literature of England, it also includes entries for historical persons and subjects of cultural relevance which would have been discussed in literary works or which might have affected their creation. Multicultural in scope, the book also covers Islamic, Hispanic, Celtic, Mongolian, Germanic, Italian, and Russian literature and culture of the Middle Ages.
Longer entries provide thorough coverage of major English authors such as Chaucer and Malory, and of entire genres, such as drama, lyric, ballad, debate, saga, chronicle, and hagiography. Shorter entries examine particular literary works; significant kings, artists, explorers, and religious leaders; important themes, such as courtly love and chivalry; and major historical events, such as the Crusades. The entries are written by scholars and each entry concludes with a brief bibliography. The volume closes with a list of the most valuable general works for further reading.
Program Madrasah Diniyah Dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Keagamaan Mahasiswa Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung
Authors: Awaliah Lutfiatul , Hikam Nurul , Rofiq Ainur , Hakim Tri Fahad Lukman 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini berlatarbelakang karena adanya berbagai input mahasiswa perguruan tinggi islam yang berbeda-beda maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya program madrasah diniyah di Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung untuk meningkatkan pemahaman keagamaan mahasiswa yang nantinya diharapakan menjadi mahasiswa yang berintelektual luas, berakhlakul karimah, dan berjiwa sosial yang tinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kampus Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, yang menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus,kehadiran peneliti sangatlah berpengaruh dalam penelitian karena peneliti melaksanakan pengumpulan data melalui Observasi, Wawancara dan Dokumentasi dengan penguatan keabsahan data dengan menggunakan Triangulasi, yang digunakan peneliti yaitu Triangulasi teknik dan Triangulasi Sumber yang dilakukakan selama proses penelitian. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh peneliti di Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung diantaranya adanya Program Kelas BTQ( Baca Tulis Al-Qur’an) yang menggunakan metode An-nahdliyah, kelas Tilawah dengan menggunakan beberapa lagu yang sudah ditentukan oleh pengelola, kelas Tahfidz menggunakan metode sorogan dan setoran hafalan, sedangkan pada program Kelas Kitab Turots yang terdiri dari tiga tingkatan yaitu Ula, Wustho dan Ulya yang menggunakan metode bandongan, lalaran, setoran hafalan dan menggunakan penulisan arab pegon bahasa jawa. Dalam program Madrasah diniyah yang sudah terlaksana di kampus Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung selalu mengadakan Evalusi pada setiap pembelajaran yang nantinya juga akan berpengaruh pada program yang sudah terlakasana menjadi lebih baik, yaitu diantaranya menggunakan dua bentuk evaluasi yaitu evaluasi formatif yang dilaksanakan setiap pertemuan dan evaluasi sumatif yang dilaksankan di setiap akhir semester.
EMERGING TRENDS IN CYBERSECURITY FOR CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Sontan Adewale Daniel  , Samuel Segun Victor  
Published: March 2024

As critical infrastructure becomes increasingly interconnected and digitized, the need for robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard essential systems is more pressing than ever. This review article explores the dynamic landscape of cybersecurity for critical infrastructure, focusing on emerging trends, current challenges, and future prospects. The historical overview delves into the evolution of cyber threats, emphasizing the need for adaptive security measures. Key components of critical infrastructure are examined, elucidating the specific challenges each sector faces. The current state of critical infrastructure cybersecurity is analyzed, with a spotlight on frameworks that guide organizations in bolstering their defenses. The heart of the review explores emerging trends in cybersecurity, covering artificial intelligence and machine learning for threat detection, IoT security, blockchain applications, and advancements in cloud computing security. Challenges and threats on the horizon, including advanced persistent threats and quantum computing implications, are scrutinized to provide insights into potential vulnerabilities.
Keywords: Cybersecurity; Critical Infrastructure; Artificial Intelligence; Internet-of-Things; Blockchain.
EVALUATING THE INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED IT SOLUTIONS FOR EMISSION REDUCTION IN THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR
Authors: Chuka Anthony Arinze  , Olakunle Abayomi Ajala  , Chinwe Chinazo Okoye  , Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile  , Andrew Ifesinachi Daraojimba  
Published: March 2024

The oil and gas sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, making the integration of advanced IT solutions imperative for emission reduction. This study evaluates the effectiveness of integrating advanced IT solutions in mitigating emissions within the oil and gas industry. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative analysis through literature review and quantitative analysis via case studies and data analysis. The literature review identifies various advanced IT solutions currently available, such as Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Big Data analytics, and their potential applications for emission reduction in the oil and gas sector. Case studies are conducted to examine real-world implementations of these solutions by leading companies in the industry. These case studies provide insights into the challenges, benefits, and best practices associated with integrating advanced IT solutions for emission reduction. Furthermore, quantitative data analysis is conducted to assess the environmental impact of these IT solutions based on emission reduction metrics, such as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions and energy efficiency improvements. The findings indicate that the integration of advanced IT solutions holds significant promise for emission reduction in the oil and gas sector. IoT-enabled sensors enable real-time monitoring and optimization of operations, reducing emissions from production processes. AI algorithms enhance predictive maintenance, optimizing equipment performance and minimizing emissions from fugitive sources. Big Data analytics facilitate comprehensive emissions tracking and reporting, enabling proactive emissions management strategies. Overall, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the potential of advanced IT solutions in reducing emissions in the oil and gas sector and provides valuable insights for industry practitioners, policymakers, and researchers alike.
Keywords: IT, Emission, Reduction, Oil and Gas, Review.
THE ROLE OF AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN DRIVING INNOVATION IN ENERGY-EFFICIENT HVAC SOLUTIONS
Authors: Wisdom Ebirim  , Danny Jose Portillo Montero  , Emmanuel Chigozie Ani  , Nwakamma Ninduwezuor-Ehiobu  , Favour Oluwadamilare Usman  , Kehinde Andrew Olu-lawal  
Published: March 2024

This review delves into the significance of Agile Project Management (APM) in fostering innovation within the realm of energy-efficient Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) solutions. As the global focus intensifies on sustainability and energy conservation, the HVAC industry stands at the forefront of addressing environmental challenges through innovative technologies. Agile methodologies, originally developed for software development, have transcended their conventional domains to revolutionize project management across various industries. This review explores how the application of Agile principles can catalyze innovation in energy-efficient HVAC solutions. Firstly, it delineates the core tenets of Agile Project Management, emphasizing iterative development, adaptive planning, and customer collaboration. By prioritizing flexibility and responsiveness to change, Agile methodologies empower HVAC project teams to swiftly adapt to evolving customer needs and technological advancements. This agility is particularly crucial in the HVAC sector, where rapid technological innovations necessitate quick iterations and constant feedback loops to refine energy-efficient solutions. Furthermore, the review elucidates how Agile frameworks such as Scrum and Kanban facilitate cross-functional collaboration and enhance communication within HVAC project teams. By fostering a collaborative environment that encourages transparency and knowledge sharing, Agile methodologies cultivate a culture of innovation wherein team members can experiment with novel ideas and swiftly pivot based on market feedback. Moreover, this review underscores the role of Agile Project Management in mitigating risks associated with innovation in energy-efficient HVAC solutions. Through frequent iterations and incremental delivery, Agile methodologies enable HVAC project teams to identify potential bottlenecks and address them proactively, thereby reducing project risks and enhancing overall project success rates. This review highlights the transformative potential of Agile Project Management in driving innovation within the energy-efficient HVAC industry. By embracing Agile methodologies, HVAC project teams can navigate the complexities of innovation more effectively, accelerate time-to-market for energy-efficient solutions, and ultimately contribute to the sustainable transformation of the HVAC sector.
Keywords: Agile, Project Management, Innovation, Energy-Efficient, HVAC, Review.
STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS IN THE SATELLITE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTORS: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF DATA ANALYTICS-ENABLED IDENTIFICATION AND CAPITALIZATION OF SYNERGIES
Authors: Nneka Adaobi Ochuba  , Enyinaya Stefano Okafor  , Olatunji Akinrinola  , Favour Oluwadamilare Usman  , Olukunle Oladipupo Amoo  
Published: March 2024

Strategic partnerships in the satellite and telecommunications sectors have become increasingly vital as technological advancements and market complexities continue to evolve. This conceptual review delves into the significance of data analytics-enabled identification and capitalization of synergies within these partnerships. The fusion of satellite and telecommunications technologies presents unique opportunities for innovation and growth, but also challenges that necessitate strategic collaboration. By leveraging data analytics, organizations can effectively identify synergies between satellite and telecommunications services, leading to enhanced operational efficiencies, expanded service offerings, and improved customer experiences. Through a comprehensive analysis of available data, companies can pinpoint areas of overlap and complementary strengths, laying the foundation for mutually beneficial partnerships. The review explores the multifaceted nature of strategic partnerships in these sectors, emphasizing the importance of aligning technological capabilities, market strategies, and regulatory frameworks. It underscores the role of data analytics as a catalyst for informed decision-making, enabling stakeholders to anticipate market trends, optimize resource allocation, and mitigate risks. Furthermore, the review examines the implications of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and predictive analytics on partnership dynamics. These tools not only streamline data analysis processes but also empower organizations to proactively identify synergistic opportunities and adapt to evolving market dynamics in real-time. Through a synthesis of theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, this review provides insights into the strategic imperatives guiding partnership formation and management in the satellite and telecommunications sectors. It underscores the need for a holistic approach that integrates technological expertise with business acumen and regulatory compliance to unlock the full potential of strategic collaborations. The review advocates for a proactive and data-driven approach to identifying and capitalizing on synergies within strategic partnerships in the satellite and telecommunications sectors. By harnessing the power of data analytics, organizations can navigate the complexities of the digital ecosystem, drive innovation, and achieve sustainable competitive advantage in an increasingly interconnected world.
Keywords: Partnership, Telecommunication, Data Analytics, Capitalization, Enabled Identification, Review.