bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer behaviour and knowledge related to freezing and defrosting meat at home
Authors: Damen F.W.M. , Steenbekkers L.P.A. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the ways consumers freeze and defrost meat, the reasons for their behaviour and the knowledge they have about the process of freezing and defrosting. Consumers are aware of the microbiological safety risks involved in the consumption of meat. Therefore, many consumers freeze fresh meat to be able to store it safely for a longer period of time. In order to keep the quality of the meat, the freezing and defrosting process should follow certain basic principles.Design/methodology/approachIn this explorative paper, oral interviews were held with families with young children about their habits concerning the freezing and defrosting of meat. Their knowledge about these processes and the related principles was assessed with help of multiple‐choice questions.FindingsThe paper finds that differences exist between knowledge and actual behaviour, which might result in a shortfall in the microbiological safety of the consumed meat.Research limitations/implicationsActual behaviour when freezing and defrosting was not observed in the paper, but asked for in an interview. In a larger study observations might be a useful research method to be added.Practical implicationsThe paper shows that a discrepancy exists between knowledge and actual behaviour. It is concluded that the actual behaviour might lead to microbiological risks. This could be studied in a supplemental research.Originality/valueThis paper reveals that consumer education about food storage and food handling is recommended.
Consumer food preparation and its implication for survival of Campylobacter jejuni on chicken
Authors: Bergsma Nynke J. , Fischer Arnout R.H. , Van Asselt Esther D. , Zwietering Marcel H. , De Jong Aarieke E.I. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe disease burden caused by Campylobacter jejuni may be decreased by reduced consumption of undercooked chicken meat. However, little is known about consumer preparation of poultry and the effects of commonly applied cooking times on bacterial inactivation. This study aimed to answer these questions.Design/methodology/approachSurveys were mailed in The Netherlands and analysed and laboratory inactivation experiments were conducted for the most frequent preparation method.FindingsThe surveys revealed that the predominant way of chicken meat cooking was (stir)frying fillets and that consumers were generally aware of the presence of bacteria on chicken meat. Thorough heating of meat was considered important, which was often checked by visual inspection. In the laboratory, D‐values for C. jejuni were obtained at frying temperatures: D was 1.95 min for artificially contaminated whole and D 0.59 min for diced fillets, respectively under practically relevant conditions. Large variability in survival was found, however.Originality/valueThe paper shows that by combining consumer research and food microbiology it was concluded that the actual risk of consumption of chicken breast fillets that contain surviving C. jejuni is higher than previously assumed.
An assessment of food safety knowledge and practices of catering employees
Authors: Hertzman Jean , Barrash Deborah 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the food safety knowledge and practices of catering employees in one city in the Southwestern United States.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers administered a 20‐question food safety survey to catering employees and observed their actions while performing catering duties.FindingsThe paper finds that employees earned a mean score of 71.5 per cent on the 20‐question survey. They were most knowledgeable about personal hygiene, but did not practise proper hygiene during the catering functions. The most common food safety violations were not wearing gloves when required, not washing hands, not checking food temperatures, and not properly covering foods in warming and/or refrigeration units.Research limitations/implicationsLack of interest and concern about bad publicity prevented many caterers from participating in the study. The presence of observers during a catering event could have affected employees' performance.Practical implicationsThe results showed need for improvement in both knowledge and practice of food safety and sanitation and significant differences in knowledge between English‐ and Spanish‐speaking respondents and employees of independent versus corporate operations.Originality/valueThe paper reveals that the US Food and Drug Administration has a goal of reducing the five risk factors of food‐borne illness by 25 percent by 2010. Catering operations face great challenges in minimizing these risks.
Employee availability for work and family: three Swedish case studies
Authors: Bergman Ann , Gardiner Jean 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore the concept of availability, both empirically and theoretically, in the context of three Swedish organisations, and identifies the structural influences on availability patterns for work and family.Design/methodology/approachThe article is based on quantitative case studies using employer records and an employee questionnaire in three organisations. Multivariate descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression are used to illustrate and analyse patterns of availability for work and family.FindingsThe descriptive data demonstrate the influence of the organisational context and type of production process, as well as gender, on availability patterns. Patterns of work availability appeared to differ across the organisations to a greater extent than patterns of family availability, which were highly gendered. The logistic regression results indicated that: occupation was a significant influence on both temporal and spatial availability patterns across the organisations; gender was the most significant influence on time spent on household work and part‐time working for parents with young children; age of employees and age of employees' children were the most significant factors influencing the use of time off work for family.Research limitations/implicationsAnalysis limited to case studies. More extensive quantitative research would be needed to make empirical generalisations. Qualitative research would be needed to establish whether and how employees are able to make use of different availability patterns to improve their work‐life balance.Originality/valueThe concept of availability is a new way of trying to capture and analyse tensions in people's everyday lives as they try to manage multiple demands.
Graphic novels: a sure bet for your library
Authors: Heaney Mary Jane 
Published: June 2007

PurposeProvides a comprehensive review of the significance attributed to the usefulness, practicality and appropriateness of graphic novels in the school library media center with specific implications for collection development.Design/methodology/approachA careful review of recent literature provides the school media specialist with an overview of graphic novels including definitions, challenges, benefits, helpful resources, curricular connections and collection development issues. The sources reflect the recent trends in the increasing popularity of graphic novels and their use and benefit in school media centers.FindingsPresents information on the definitions of graphic novels and the challenges and benefits specific to the school media center. Notes that while challenges exist, the benefits of including graphic novels in the school library media center are many, including engaging reluctant readers. Offers practical information for collection development and provides useful sources that serve many purposes.Practical implicationsOffers background information for the school library media specialist about graphic novels. Includes advice and practical strategies for building a graphic novel collection in the school media center.Originality/valueThis paper reflects recent trends toward increased interest in graphic novels and offers the school media specialist practical advice on how to best meet that growing interest by including graphic novels in the school media center.
Non‐music books for the music library: a selective bibliography
Authors: Stock Matt 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a selective bibliography for librarians responsible for music collections and music students of resources outside of the field of music, which may be useful to musicians.Design/methodology/approachA range of works which are frequently recommended by music faculty are described to enable librarians and students to make selections appropriate for their needs. The works are divided into three sections: Sports and fitness, The body and Self help.FindingsInformation is provided about each book, including publisher, and how musicians may apply the information in each book to their situation.Originality/valueThe paper offers practical suggestions for librarians responsible for music collections.
Spatial attributes of hospital multi‐bed wards and preferences for privacy
Authors: Alalouch Chaham , Aspinall Peter 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between measures of the plan configuration of buildings (in this case multi‐bed wards), and subjective judgements on spatial locations for privacy.Design/methodology/approachMeasures of plan configuration from six generic ward designs have been made using space syntax software (visibility graph analysis and depth map). Subjective judgements have been assessed by means of a questionnaire.FindingsParticipants' chosen locations for privacy have been shown to have a systematic relationship with spatial properties of the ward plans. At a ward level the designs with low integration and high control were chosen. At the bed location lower values of integration and control were selected.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study one facet of privacy (i.e. spatial location) has been investigated. These findings now need to be extended to studies involving environmental simulations, visibility and three‐dimensional awareness of spaces as experienced by hospital users. In addition further analysis will be carried out at an individual design level and the possibility of subgroups of people with different preferences will be explored.Practical implicationsSpace syntax has a complicated theoretical and methodological approach to spatial measures. Many designers or architects may not be prepared to try to understand the implications.Originality/valueAt a general level there is little in the literature on the implications of plan form for the subjective experiences of people in buildings. At a specific level about privacy in wards, no evidence could be found that these systematic findings have been reported before.
Space management in a DIY store analysing consumer shopping paths with data‐tracking devices
Authors: Uotila Varpu , Skogster Patrik 
Published: June 2007

PurposeSpace management is an essential part of successful retailing. Good space management requires accurate data about consumer behaviour. Traditionally, these data have been collected through panel interviews, camera tracking and in‐store observation. Their nature is subjective to a greater or lesser extent. Modern technology makes it possible also to use more objective methods, such as the wireless local network (WLAN) and the radio frequency identification (RFID). This paper seeks to examine the possibilities WLAN provides for facilities management studies.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical data were collected from 866 consumer shopping paths in a large do‐it‐yourself (DIY) store using WLAN technology. The data have been analysed with GIS tools.FindingsThe results show that WLAN has great potential for accurate and objective data collection processes and modelling. This method creates more objective results than traditional consumer tracking methods.Research limitations/implicationsOnly a small amount of previous research has been done and the relevant amount of source material was very limited. This study gives new methodological viewpoints. This is also the main limitation of this study. More empirical data and analysis are definitely needed in order to achieve more reliability and validity.Practical implicationsThis paper gives direct advice in the form of pros/cons for retailers in the usage of WLAN in the consumer tracking process.Originality/valueSimilar research methods have been utilised only a few times before and only in the grocery retailing industry. This is the first time a DIY store has been analysed.
Relationships between emotional and congruent self‐awareness and performance in the British Royal Navy
Authors: Young Mike , Dulewicz Victor 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to present some findings from a wider study into effective command, leadership and management in the British Royal Navy (RN). Its aim is to increase understanding of two types of self‐awareness, emotional and congruent, and their relationship to job performance and personality.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consisted of 261 Officers and Ratings in the Royal Navy. Performance was established through the organisation's own rigorous appraisal process, while personality and competency data were gathered through the use of the Occupational Personality Questionnaire (OPQ) and the Leadership Dimensions Questionnaire (LDQ). Two difference measures were computed to assess the congruence of self‐other assessment (d1) and degree of under‐ or over‐rating (d2).FindingsThe results demonstrate that self‐evaluation of own performance (from LDQ) was significantly correlated with appraised (actual) performance. Hierarchical regression showed that both d scales explain significant variance in appraised performance, especially the d2 measure which accounted for 47 per cent. The findings establish the first empirical relationship between congruent/public (self‐evaluation) and emotional/private (self‐consciousness) self‐awareness and performance.Research limitations/implicationsMeasures of self‐awareness were derived from the three data sets described, not from a separate measure. The findings relate to a single organisation and need to be replicated more widely.Practical implications/implicationsThe results of this study suggest that emotional/private and congruent/public self‐awareness are related to each other and that the latter is significantly related to effective performance. The findings have implications for manager and officer assessment, selection and development.Originality/valueGiven the broad employment contexts of previous studies into external/congruent and internal/emotional self‐awareness and performance, the findings and improvement applications discussed in this paper could have practical implications for many other organisations.
The influence of the need for closure on managerial third‐party dispute intervention
Authors: Arnold Josh A. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how third‐party managers' cognitive need (motivational tendency) for closure influences their decisions on how to intervene in conflict.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from 61 undergraduate business students. All participants had managerial experience and may represent future managers. Participants read a scenario describing a hypothetical conflict between members of a project team and evaluated the likelihood of choosing different strategies to intervene in the conflict.FindingsResults showed that individuals with a high need for closure were more likely to choose an autocratic procedure and less likely to choose mediation than individuals with a low need for closure. The option of letting disputants resolve the conflict themselves was somewhat unattractive to those with a high need for closure.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of a scenario approach may limit the generalizability of the results. Future studies should examine the need for closure in field settings. The results of this study extend the theory of managerial dispute resolution by showing how individual difference factors influence the choice of conflict intervention strategies.Practical implicationsThe ability to manage conflict effectively is critical for third‐party managers. Managers need to understand how their need (or motivation) for closure influences how they choose to intervene in conflict. These choices influence managerial effectiveness.Originality/valueThis is one of the first papers to examine the influence of individual difference factors, such as the cognitive need for closure, on the choice of managerial conflict intervention strategies.
Daily life, not markets: customer-centered design
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Whitney Patrick 
Published: June 2007

Purpose
– As companies try to gain a deeper understanding of consumers, they are increasingly turning to user-observation and ethnographic processes. However, because of this work is normally done in an informal manner, it tends to only have value for the small number of team members working on a particular project. This paper seeks to describe a method that is much more structured than normal processes, allowing companies to conduct observational research that is able to be large scale and reused.

Design/methodology/approach
– Ethnographic studies are not only heuristic in nature, usually requiring the research team to develop frameworks and descriptions that are idiosyncratic to a particular project. This makes comparing data from different studies and doing large-scale projects impractical. This paper describes a set of common frameworks and a research protocol that provides standards that are relevant across projects and teams.

Findings
– Descriptions of projects using this process show that it leads to the identification of new concepts for fulfilling user needs even before users ask for them. Furthermore, the concepts often point to surprising opportunities, not just incremental improvements on current offerings.

Practical implications
– For companies who conduct observational research, this method enables them to go beyond small-scale ad hoc projects and develop standards that enable the research to be reused and conducted at a large scale.

Originality and value
– Prior to this work, attempts at developing standard frameworks for ethnography have used concepts from anthropology. Family structure, belief systems, and the nature of work are examples of terms used to categorize data. This new method uses terms that are more relevant to companies trying to create innovations. Examples include items that companies can make to create new value for their customers: objects, environments, messages and services. By creating a more structured protocol with more practical dimensions to describe patterns of daily life, this work provides a basis for innovation in companies.
Learning to design: giving purpose to heart, hand and mind
Authors: Junginger Sabine 
Published: June 2007

Purpose
– Design thinking is becoming a topic in strategic management. Questions range from “What is it?” to “How can we approach design?” This paper aims to offer a glimpse into early design education in design schools and link them with early design education in the organization. The purpose of the paper is to make basic design thinking and design methods accessible to managers and to show organizations a path along which they can learn about design.

Design/methodology approach
– The paper uses actual examples from design education and design research to illustrate how people explore design methods and design thinking.

Findings
– The paper finds that hands-on exercises for managers and their organizations facilitate their own exploration of basic design principles and basic design methods.

Practical implications
– Systematic inquiry into the organization is an iterative activity. It can be launched in almost any environment with few resources in terms of time and money.

Originality/value
– The paper shows how managers can prepare their employees and organizations for a strategic design effort.
Strategizing through playful design
Authors: D. Jacobs Claus , Heracleous Loizos 
Published: June 2007

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize strategizing as a playful design practice; illustrate this view by describing a process for fostering effective strategic play; outline the benefits of the process and discuss how executives can play effectively.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper presents a concept development with a case illustration.

Findings
– The paper finds that strategizing through playful design offers both an alternative conceptual lens as well as a novel practice of strategizing.

Originality/value
– Strategizing through playful design is a useful complement to dry, conventional strategic planning processes and helps to open up and orient fruitful debate about an organization
'
s particular strategic challenges.
Human capital vs social capital
Authors: Nisbet Peter 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to assess whether employment insecurity/instability is a necessary consequence of operating as a self‐employed worker in the external labour market (ELM) and to examine the role for social capital to influence any such potential insecurity/instability.Design/methodology/approachA total of 124 workers in the UK construction industry – 78 self‐employed and 46 directly employed – and 12 employers were interviewed in a period spanning the New Construction Industry Scheme in 1999 to provide the empirical evidence for this research.FindingsBelying the common assumptions of atomistic dependence in the face of employers hiring from a competitive and undifferentiated labour pool in an ELM, the results of this research clearly demonstrate a key role for social capital to influence the allocation of work in the ELM and thus minimise the importance of job tenure in determining perceptions of employment security/stability.Practical implicationsThe role for social capital to influence the allocation of work has attracted increasing attention in recent years. This paper provides further evidence that job tenure by itself, cannot be used as a definitive measure of employment security/insecurity in both internal and ELMs.Originality/valueThere is relatively little empirical research on the role of social capital to influence the distribution of work; particularly in the ELM. This paper responds to the increasing call for research in this area to focus on micro/social action rather than on macro/structural variables and mechanisms.
Numerical modelling of the interaction of nanoparticles with electromagnetic waves
Authors: Miano G. , Rubinacci G. , Tamburrino A. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe paper is focused on the numerical modelling of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and metallic nanoparticle.Design/methodology/approachA full‐wave solution of the field problem is modelled in terms of an integral equation where the unknown is the displacement current. For treating nanoparticles having sizes smaller than the relevant wavelength, particular care is devoted to the choice of the discrete representation of the unknown in view of the condition number of the resulting linear system of equations.FindingsA critical analysis of the issues to be considered for developing a proper numerical model of the problem is presented. Specifically, it is shown that the electric field inside the nanoparticle is not purely irrotational, as usually assumed in the widespread models based on the electrostatic approximation.Originality/valueThe proposed formulation is applied for the first time to the problem of evaluating the interaction between electromagnetic fields and metallic nanoparticle.