bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) IN PLASMA: II. COMPARISON WITH IMMUNOLOGICALLY ACTIVE LH LEVELS THROUGHOUT THE HUMAN MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Romaní P. , Robertson D. M. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The levels of biologically active luteinizing hormone were determined by an in vitro bioassay method in plasma samples collected daily over a complete menstrual cycle from 12 menstruating women. These cycles were normal according to a number of criteria, including daily plasma levels of oestradiol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and progesterone.
Immunoreactive LH was estimated in the same 12 cycles by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure (HCG-RIA) using an HCG antiserum and iodinated HCG. The 2nd IRP of HMG was selected as standard although significant deviations from parallelism were found with 7 out of the 12 plasma pools studied. The use of the 1st IRP of human pituitary gonadotrophins (FSH and LH (ICSH)) for bioassay (hereafter HPG-1st IRP) as standard in this system resulted invariably in invalid assays, due to lack of parallelism.
Immunoreactive LH was also measured in 8 of the 12 cycles by a RIA procedure (HLH-RIA) using a human LH antiserum and iodinated human LH of pituitary origin. Results are expressed in terms of the HPG-1st IRP.
The plasma levels of biologically and immunologically active LH were qualitatively similar throughout the menstrual cycle. However, the LH levels measured by the bioassay invariably exceeded those estimated by the RIA procedures. The biological to immunological (B/I) ratio over the entire menstrual cycle (312 comparisons) was 5.5 with 95% confidence limits at 5.2 and 5.8 when the HCG-RIA system was employed. Using the HLH-RIA system (208 comparisons), the corresponding ratio was 6.4 (6.0:6.9).
When regression lines were calculated using the bioassay results as the independent variable and the RIA results as the dependent variable, the 95% confidence limits of the regression lines did not include the origin. Furthermore, in keeping with the high B/I ratios, the slopes of the two regression lines and their confidence limits differed markedly from unity. It is concluded that although qualitatively similar profiles were observed between the biological and immunological activities throughout the menstrual cycle, two aspects require further attention. Firstly, the elevated B/I ratios together with the behaviour of the dose-effect lines obtained with different standards in the various RIA systems suggest that presently available reference standard preparations of pituitary and/or urinary origin are not suitable for the assay of LH in human plasma. Secondly, from the regression analyses of the biological and immunological activities it is inferred that the RIA methods detect immunological activity which is not associated with biological activity. If so, the validity of these RIA procedures for specifically measuring low levels of biologically active LH in plasma may be in question.
HYPOGONADISM, GALACTORRHOEA AND HYPER-PROLACTINAEMIA: EVALUATION OF PITUITARY GONADOTROPHINS RESERVE BEFORE AND UNDER BROMOCRIPTINE
Authors: Asfour M. , L'Hermite M. , Hedouin-Quincampoix M. , Fossati P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twenty patients with hypogonadism (19 women with amenorrhoea and 1 man with impotence and infertility), galactorrhoea and hyper-prolactinaemia (range: 36 to 344 ng/ml) were studied. The radiological study of the sella turcica, including in all cases hypocycloidal tomograms, allowed classification of the patients into 3 groups: group I (n = 4) had a grossly enlarged sella turcica, group II (n = 12) had localized alterations indicating the probable existence of a prolactin-secreting microadenoma ("microdeformation") while group III patients presented no radiological abnormality.
Before treatment, all the patients were submitted to a complete evaluation of the function of their anterior pituitary, including the LH and FSH responses to iv administration of Gn-RH. All the group I patients had low basal LH levels and a blunted response to Gn-RH. The basal LH and in response to Gn-RH were normal in most of the group II patients and in all of the group III patients. An exaggerated FSH response to Gn-RH was observed in 6/12 patients with microdeformation (group II) but not in groups I and III patients. A low LH and a blunted LH response to Gn-RH is highly suggestive of the existence of a pituitary prolactin-secreting adenoma in case of amenorrhoea and hyper-prolactinaemia patients; a normal response does not however rule out such a diagnosis. The reasons for an exaggerated FSH response to Gn-RH in patients with suspected prolactin-secreting microadenoma remain to be investigated though this pattern can also occur in other cases of amenorrhoea. Hence the Gn-RH test might contribute to the assessment of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis of patients with hyper-prolactinaemia.
Six patients treated for 4 months with bromocriptine (CB-154) were submitted to re-evaluation of their pituitary gonadotrophins reserve. All the women experienced restoration of menses with 39 days of treatment and the male patient regained potency. It was observed that bromocriptine treatment and subsequent normalized prolactin levels in the 4 group II women tested were associated with normalization of their previously exaggerated FSH response to Gn-RH; LH responses were also diminished in these cases. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that hyper-prolactinaemia per se could interfere with the endogenous secretion of Gn-RH at the hypothalamic level. In one patient with grossly enlarged sella turcica and a previous lack of an LH and FSH response to Gn-RH, bromocriptine treatment restored a normal gonadotrophins response, confirming that, in this case, the alteration of this response was indeed due to a prolonged lack of endogenous Gn-RH secretion.
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE ON THYROID HORMONE METABOLISM
Authors: Finucane J. F. , Griffiths R. S. , Black E. G. , Hall C. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum concentrations of total and free thyroxine and triiodothyronine together with urine losses of unconjugated thyroid hormones have been measured in normal subjects and in patients with renal disease. Serum total hormone values in the hypothyroid range were common in the renal group and correlated inversely with the degree of renal impairment but not with renal loss of hormone which in the case of thyroxine exceeded the average normal daily loss ten-fold. The euthyroid state of patients with renal disease was best reflected by serum free thyroxine concentration which in every case was within the normal range.
Poor correlation was apparent between the respective urine concentrations of albumin and thyroxine, and the reasons for this are discussed.
PROTEIN CONCENTRATION OF THE RAT THYROID COLLOID DURING THYROXINE TREATMENT
Authors: Smeds S. , Ekholm R. , Ericson L. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily doses of 20 μg thyroxine for varying periods between 1 and 21 days. Samples of colloid were obtained by micropuncture in vivo of follicles in the thyroid isthmus. The protein content of the samples was determined by gel electrophoresis and the volume by a technique based on radioactivity measurement. The relative volume of the follicle lumina was determined by light microscopy.
Treatment with thyroxine resulted in an increase in the protein concentration of the colloid. This increase was statistically significant after 2 days and the concentration remained elevated throughout the experimental period. The size of the follicle lumina also increased, most rapidly during the first week.
It is suggeted that the increase in protein concentration of the colloid during thyroxine treatment is due to inhibition of endocytosis of colloid in combination with the discharge into the follicle lumen of highly concentrated protein.
ENDOCRINE AND REPRODUCTIVE REPERCUSSIONS OF IMMUNIZATION AGAINST PROGESTERONE AND OESTRADIOL IN FEMALE RATS
Authors: Kaushansky A. , Bauminger S. , Koch Y. , Lindner H. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Mature female rats were immunized with BSA-conjugates of oestradiol17β-6-carboxymethyloxime or progesterone-11-hemisuccinate. Sera tested two months later at 1/2000 dilution bound 63.3 % ± 3.1 sem and 21.2% ± 2.3 of the homologous tritiated hormone (10 pg), - oestradiol-17β (Oe2) and progesterone (P), respectively. Rats immunized against Oe2 had a significantly longer oestrous cycle (8.2 days vs. 4.5 days in BSA-immunized rats), with a prolonged leukocytic phase. The cycle of rats immunized against P was also prolonged (10.5 days), but in this group the cornified smear phase was abnormally extended. The luteinizing hormone (LH) normally observed on the afternoon of pro-oestrus failed to occur in the rats immunized against Oe2 and in 70 % of rats immunized against P. The latter animals, however, showed sporadic LH discharges during periods of persistent cornification. Immunization against P resulted in elevated total (free plus bound) plasma P levels; immunization against Oe2 prevented the pro-oestrous rise in plasma P. Mating of rats immunized against Oe2 resulted in normal pregnancies, while none of the rats immunized against P delivered.
HUMAN TESTOSTERONE-OESTRADIOL BINDING GLOBULIN IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Authors: Wenn R. V. , Kamberi I. A. , Vossough P. , Kariminejad M. H. , Torabee E. , Ayoughi F. , Keyvanjah M. , Sarberi N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Levels of testosterone-oestradiol binding globulin (TeBG) were measured by a precipitation technique in terms of dihydrotestosterone-5α (DHT) binding capacity in children, adult males and females, pregnant and hirsute women and women with various trophoblastic disorders. It was found that TeBG levels in children of either sex (1.92 ± 0.16 μg DHT bound/100 ml serum) approached the normal female range (2.31 ± 0.11) and were distinctly higher than those of the adult male (1.04 ± 0.09). In both pregnancy and trophoblastic disease (hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma but not metastatic choriocarcinoma) TeBG levels were elevated (17.5 ± 0.70 and 14.9 ± 1.49, respectively). In hirsutism TeBG was depressed (1.17 ± 0.09) and comparable with the levels in normal male subjects. A number of other parameters, HCG, oestradiol-17β, testosterone and progesterone were measured and found to be similar to those previously reported in the literature. It appears that TeBG titre might provide an additional index in following the prognosis of trophoblastic disorders, besides HCG measurement.
ESTERASE XXV
Authors: Deimling O. v. , Riebschläger M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The Es-9 esterase is expressed in the cortical zone of the NMRI mouse kidney only in the presence of testosterone. In disc electrophoresis, three esterase bands, absent in the control, emerge under the influence of exogenous testosterone, accompanied by the appearance of active sites, as shown by marking with [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate ([3H]DFP). It is suggested that the testosterone dependent appearance of Es-9 activity is due to true enzyme induction which requires the presence of an intact testosterone receptor.
INDIRECT EVIDENCES OF PROLACTIN INVOLVEMENT IN PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY INDUCED BY HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS IN FEMALE RATS
Authors: Alvarez E. O. , Hancke J. L. , Advis J. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine (CB-154) administration in maturing female rats with precocious puberty induced by hypothalamic lesions, as well as the milk secretion rate in these animals after their first parturition were studied.
Treatment with CB-154 inhibited precocious vaginal opening induced by hypothalamic lesions. After the treatment with the derivative was terminated, the ovulatory response was not different from that of intact control rats. After their first parturition lesioned rats accumulate milk at a faster rate, following an initial depletion period, than their non-operated controls.
These results suggest than an alteration in prolactin release may be involved in determining the precocious puberty induced by lesions of the anterior hypothalamic area.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IODINE UPTAKE BY THYROID AND THYMUS GLANDS OF MALE AND FEMALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES
Authors: Goldman Max , Bauer Stephen R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The iodine concentrating ability of thyroid glands, thymus gland and skin in Sprague-Dawley rats was assessed by determining the tissue/blood radioiodide concentration ratios. Tissue/blood ratios are significantly affected by the age of the rats, however, thymus/blood radioiodide ratios never exceeded unity. The comparative uptake of 131I by thymus and thyroid tissue expressed as thymus/thyroid (%) for neonate animals was 10–16 times greater than those obtained for older rats. Moreover, the fraction of injected dose of radioiodide in thymus tissue never exceeded that of the thyroid or skin, and paralleled the concentration of radio-activity in the blood. These results indicate that although neonate thymus tissue contains a significantly greater amount of radioactivity than the thymus of older rats, an active iodide concentration mechanism is not involved.
RAT ENDOMETRIUM ENZYMES IN 4-DAY OESTROUS CYCLE AND EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Jelínek Jan , Jelínková Marta 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The specific activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its M-type (M-LDH), β-glucuronidase (β-GR), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were determined. The specific activities of the enzymes (LDH, β-GR) in the myometrium were lower and their changes less pronounced than in the endometrium. We, therefore, determined the enzymes in the rat endometrium only in further experiments.
All enzymes react sensitively to the changes induced in the endometrium by endogenous hormones in the course of a 4-day cycle: pro-oestrus (P) is characterized by rather low enzyme activities, oestrus (E) by a peak of LDH and M-LDH and a rise of AP. In metoestrus (M) there is a peak of β-GR, ACP and AP. Dioestrus (D) is characterized by a significant decrease in LDH and M-LDH and by elevated values of all the other enzymes.
The values on the individual days of the 4–day cycle were compared with days 4–6 of pregnancy. The reason for this was that if the rats were not mated, they would, respectively, return to pro-oestrus instead of being 4 days pregnant, to oestrus instead of being 5 days pregnant, or to metoestrus instead of being 6 days pregnant.
We found the following differences: on day 4 of pregnancy LDH and M-LDH were lower and ACP and AP higher than in P. On day 5 of pregnancy the LDH, M-LDH, β-GR and AP were lower than in E On day 6 of pregnancy the LDH, M-LDH, ACP and especially β-GR, were lower than in M.
PITUITARY GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION DURING THE FIRST WEEKS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Jeppsson Sten , Rannevik Gunnar , Thorell Jan I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A longitudinal study of basal plasma LH and FSH and their responses to 25 μg LRH iv as well as basal levels of oestradiol, progesterone, prolactin and HCG was performed every week in 3 women, pregnant after heterologous insemination, from conception until the 6th week of gestation. A comparative study was carried out in 7 women in cycles in which no conception occurred after insemination. All hormones were assayed with radioimmunoassay. LH was measured with a specific assay for native LH, which did not cross-react with HCG.
A decrease in basal levels of LH and FSH as well as decreasing responses to LRH was found during the first 2 weeks of gestation. These changes did not differ from what was observed during the luteal phase in the non-conception cycles. One week later the basal FSH levels and the FSH response in the pregnant women showed a further decrease, while in the non-pregnant women, now reaching the early follicular phase, a rise in FSH basal levels occurred. The basal levels of LH and the LH response, however, did not differ from that found in the nonpregnant women at this time.
FSH basal levels remained below the lower normal limit in eumenorrhoic women from the 3rd week of gestation. By this time the FSH response was almost completely inhibited. The LH basal levels, however, remained above the lower normal limit in eumenorrhoic women, but the LH response to LRH progressively decreased and was completely inhibited by the 5th week of gestation.
In the non-conception cycles the LH response varied with the levels of oestradiol in plasma. This was not found in the pregnant women as the decrease in gonadotrophin response occurred while oestradiol remained at mid-cycle levels during the first 4 weeks of gestation. Rather it seems that the increasing and continuously elevated level of progesterone, in the presence of appropriate levels of oestradiol, might be the main go nadal steroid responsible for the diminishing pituitary secretion.
The contribution of HCG to the further decrease in gonadotrophin secretion after the 2nd week of pregnancy cannot be answered by the present studies.
Prolactin remained at non-pregnant levels until the 6th week of gestation, and appeared to have no influence on the secretion of gonadotrophins during early pregnancy.
A SIMPLE AND RAPID METHOD TO MEASURE NON-PROTEIN-BOUND FRACTIONS OF CORTISOL, TESTOSTERONE AND OESTRADIOL BY EQUILIBRIUM DIALYSIS: COMPARISON WITH CENTRIFUGAL FILTRATION
Authors: Kley H. K. , Bartmann E. , Krüskemper H. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A simple method for measuring the free, non-protein-bound steroid fraction in plasma by equilibrium dialysis is described. The alteration occurring in the volume of the inner phase (undiluted plasma) is corrected by the difference in weight before and after dialysis. Total cortisol was determined by radioimmunoassay. Although it is not possible to differentiate between values for total cortisol after ACTH stimulation (242.2 ± shing's syndrome (n: 15)) and women treated with oestrogens (211.8 ± 42.0 ng/ml (n: 20)), there were significant differences for free cortisol (ACTH stimulation: 29.3 ± 5.6 ng/ml; Cushing's syndrome: 31.5 ± 8.6 ng/ml; women under increased oestrogenic activity: 10.0 ± 2.1 ng/ml; pregnant women: 13.7 ± 5.1 ng/ml plasma). Compared with normal values for healthy women and men (9.3 ± 1.4 ng/ml), women with increased oestrogenic activity showed slight elevations of free cortisol. Compared to cortisol, the percentage of dialysable testosterone and oestradiol was lower in women than in men (1.57 vs. 2.08% for testosterone and 1.68 vs. 2.15% for oestradiol). In healthy men the concentration of free steroid was 13.1 ± 1.0 ng free testosterone/100 ml plasma (0.44 ± 0.045 pg free oestradiol/ml plasma), in healthy women 0.64 ± 0.07 ng/100 ml (0.98 ± 0.10 pg/ml) and in women receiving oestrogens 0.37 ± 0.04 ng/100 ml (0.01 ± 0.015 pg/ml). When the method described here for determining the free fractions of cortisol (n: 45), oestradiol (n: 18) and testosterone (n: 18) at 37°C is compared with the method of centrifugal filtration, the correlation was r: 0.80, r: 0.86 and r: 0.91, respectively. In practice, equilibrium dialysis with undiluted plasma is simple, fast and can be applied to all steroid hormones. It allows direct measurements of non-protein-bound steroids under nearly physiological conditions.
LONG-TERM TREATMENT WITH 2—Br—α—ERGOCRYPTINE IN ACROMEGALY
Authors: Belforte L. , Camanni F. , Chiodini P. G. , Liuzzi A. , Massara F. , Molinatti G. M. , Müller E. E. , Silvestrini F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thirty acromegalic subjects underwent chronic CB154 therapy (10–20 mg daily) for periods ranging from 3 months up to 2 years. In 18 out of 21 patients, who exhibited consistent HGH reduction following acute administration of the drug, there was also during chronic treatment, a suppression of the plasma HGH levels exceeding 50 % of base line values, e.g. from mean daily values between 14–197 ng/ml (mean ± sem = 57.8 ± 12.4 ng/ml pre-treatment) to 2–19 ng/ml (mean 8.3 ± 1.2 ng/ml post-treatment). In 12 of the subjects who responsed to chronic CB154 treatment, the mean daily values of HGH were below 10 ng/ml. The suppression of plasma HGH was maintained unaltered throughout the whole course of therapy. In the 9 subjects, in whom no consistent HGH decrease was evidenced with acute CB154 administration, there was accordingly a minor or no suppression of HGH values during the chronic treatment. In 13 subjects, irrespective of the degree of their GH responses, the plasma prolactin levels were constantly inhibited by CB154; instead the drug failed to modify significantly the TRH or insulin-induced GH release.
These changes in the hormonal parameters were paralleled by marked clinical amelioration and improvement of some of the metabolic alterations frequently encountered in acromegaly, e.g. reduced carbohydrate tolerance, increased insulin resistance, diminished fall of plasma phosphorus after insulin, decreased urinary excretion of phosphate, hyper hydroxyprolinuria and hyper-calciuria. Collectively, these data demonstrate that CB154 thrapy is effective in reducing HGH hyper-secretion in many acromegalic patients during long-term treatment.
ANALYSIS OF DIAMETERS OF HUMAN PITUITARY HORMONE SECRETORY GRANULES
Authors: Gray A. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Measurements were made on electron micrographs of six human anterior pituitary glands of the maximal diameters of secretory granules in 130 cells, average 91 granules per cell. This was done in an attempt to classify the various hormone types solely by differences in the mean diameters of the secretory granules. The range of diameters in nanometers could be segregated into six subgroups of the following suggested functions: 135.5 ± 13.6 TSH, 181.6 ± 9.3 LH, 226.0 ± 19.4 FSH, 356.8 ± 30.5 ACTH/MSH, 452.9 ± 23.8 GH, 559.9 ± 38.0 prolactin.
THYROID HORMONE-BINDING INTERACTIONS IN CYTOSOL OF RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY
Authors: Galton Valerie Anne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)-binding interactions in preparations of rat anterior pituitary gland have been studied. T4 is bound primarily to extranuclear binding sites located in the cytosol fraction of the cell. These sites have a medium affinity for T4: Ka = 2.5 × 108 1/mol and a maximum binding capacity (MBC) of 1.15 pmol/mg tissue (wet weight). Binding of T3 to these sites is minimal. The extent of binding of T4 is influenced by the pH of the system and the temperature of incubation. The relative effectiveness of T4 analogues in displacing bound T4 is tetrac > T4 > triac > D-T4 > T3. Similar T4-binding sites are present in other rat tissues, but in all except serum, binding activity is lower than in the pituitary. T4-binding by serum contaminating the pituitary preparations contributed only partially to the total activity observed. Concomitant assessment of T4-binding activity and T4 metabolism in pituitary homogenates prepared at different pH values indicated an inverse relationship between the two processes. The possible role of thyroid hormone binding in cytosol in influencing the intracellular distribution of thyroid hormones is discussed.