bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suspected albuterol toxicosis in a dog
Authors: McCown Jennifer L. , Lechner Elizabeth S. , Cooke Kirsten L. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Case Description—A 6-year-old male castrated Shetland Sheepdog was evaluated because of severe hypokalemia and progressive paresis.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed fever, tachypnea, mydriasis, hyperemic mucous membranes, severe forelimb paresis, and hind limb paraplegia. The dog had superficial and deep pain sensation in all 4 limbs. Forelimb spinal reflexes were considered normal, but hind limb reflexes were normal to slightly hyperreflexive. The panniculus reflex was considered to be normal, and cranial nerve reflexes were intact. A CBC revealed mild leukocytosis and erythrocytosis, and serum biochemical analysis revealed severe hypokalemia. Thoracic and abdominal imaging did not reveal relevant findings. Blood pressure and ECG findings were within reference limits. Questioning of the owner revealed possible exposure to albuterol via ingestion of medication intended for the owner's horse. Results of serum testing via immunoassay were suggestive of albuterol toxicosis.
Treatment and Outcome—Treatment included IV administration of an electrolyte solution and supplemental potassium chloride. The rate of potassium chloride supplementation was slowly decreased as serum potassium concentration increased. No other medical intervention was required, and the dog made a rapid and complete recovery.
Clinical Relevance—Ingestion of albuterol can lead to profound physical and serum biochemical abnormalities. Appropriate historical information should be obtained to identify possible sources and routes of exposure to intoxicants. Albuterol-induced hypokalemia can be successfully managed medically.
Lomustine for treatment of mast cell tumors in cats: 38 cases (1999–2005)
Authors: Rassnick Kenneth M. , Williams Laurel E. , Kristal Orna , Al-Sarraf Renée , Baez Jennifer L. , Zwahlen Courtney H. , Dank Gillian 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinical activity and toxic effects of lomustine when used to treat cats with mast cell tumors (MCTs).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—38 cats with measurable, histologically or cytologically confirmed MCTs treated with lomustine at a dosage ≥ 50 mg/m2.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed to determine response to treatment and evidence of drug toxicoses. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate remission duration.
Results—26 cats had cutaneous MCTs, 7 had MCTs of the mesenteric lymph nodes, 2 had gastrointestinal tract MCTs, 2 had hepatic MCTs, and 1 had MCTs involving multiple organs. Targeted lomustine dosage was 50 mg/m2 in 22 cats and 60 mg/m2 in 16 cats. Median administered dosage of lomustine was 56 mg/m2 (range, 48 to 65 mg/m2), and median number of doses administered was 2 (range, 1 to 12). Seven cats had a complete response and 12 had a partial response, for an overall response rate of 50%. Median response duration was 168 days (range, 25 to 727 days). The most common toxicoses were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that lomustine had activity against MCTs in cats and was well tolerated. Further, findings suggested that treatment with lomustine should be considered for cats with MCTs for which local treatment is not an option.
Characterization of δ-phase in superalloy Allvac 718PlusTM
Authors: Stotter Christoph , Sommitsch Christof , Wagner Julian , Leitner Harald , Letofsky-Papst Ilse , Zickler Gerald A. , Prantl Werner , Stockinger Martin 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Nowadays, the trend goes to better and more efficient gas turbine engines with lower emissions, greater durability and lower cycle costs. To this end, new materials such as Allvac 718PlusTM, should enhance the high temperature performance. The appearance, morphology and control of the δ-phase are of special interest because of their critical influence on grain structure, grain size and mechanical properties. In this work, the evolution and the morphology of the δ-phase during heat treatment between 900 and 1000°C for annealing times of up to 8 h are investigated in order to determine the time – temperature – precipitation diagram and to understand the phase morphology. For this, different analysis methods are applied, such as light microscopy analysis with computer-aided quantitative metallography, dual beam focused ion beam and both scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy.
Predicted precipitate back-stress and creep rupture strength of the advanced 9–12% Cr steel COST E2
Authors: Holzer I. , Kozeschnik E. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Modern advanced 9–12% Cr steels are complex alloys with excellent creep strength even at high temperatures up to 620°C. In this work, the experimentally observed creep rupture strength of the European COST alloy E2 is compared to the calculated maximum obstacle effect (Orowan stress) caused by the precipitates present in these steels for different heat treatment conditions. The applied model for precipitation strengthening is briefly outlined. It is shown that the differences in creep rupture strength caused by different heat treatments disappear after a long time under service conditions. This observation is discussed on the basis of the calculated evolution of the precipitate microstructure. The concept of boosting long-term creep rupture strength by maximizing the initial creep strength with optimum quality heat treatment parameters for precipitation strengthening is critically assessed.
Polymer Microcapsules with Carbohydrate‐Sensitive Properties
Authors: Levy Tatjana , Déjugnat Christophe , Sukhorukov Gleb B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCarbohydrate‐sensitive polymer multilayers are assembled onto flat substrates and colloidal CaCO3 particles via reversible covalent ester formation between the polysaccharide mannan and phenylboronic acid moieties grafted onto poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The resulting multilayer films are sensitive to several carbohydrates, and show the highest sensitivity to fructose. The response to carbohydrates arises from the competitive binding of small molecular weight sugars and mannan to boronic acid groups within the films, and is observed as a rapid dissolution of the multilayers upon contact with a sugar‐containing solution above a critical concentration. In addition, carbohydrate‐sensitive multilayer capsules are prepared, and their sugar‐dependent stability is investigated by following the release of encapsulated tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate‐bovine serum albumin (TRITC‐BSA).
Mechanism of the Nucleophilic Substitution of Acyl Electrophiles using Lithium Organocuprates
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko , Iida Ryoko , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reaction at an sp2 carbon center of a thioester or an acid chloride with a lithium organocuprate reagent has been investigated. Density functional calculations indicated that the thioester undergoes oxidative addition of the CS bond to the copper(I) atom through a three‐centered transition state to afford an organocopper(III) intermediate, which gives the product through reductive elimination of the alkyl and the acyl groups. On the other hand, the acid chloride loses a chloride anion very easily when it interacts with the cuprate, because the chloride anion is captured by a lithium(I) cation rather than a copper(I) atom. 13C kinetic isotope effect (KIE) experiments showed excellent agreement with computational predictions for the thioester reaction, but suggested that the nucleophilic displacement transition state of the acid chloride occurs much more advanced than the calculations predict.
Mosaic FMR1 deletion causes fragile X syndrome and can lead to molecular misdiagnosis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Coffee Bradford , Ikeda Morna , Budimirovic Dejan B. , Hjelm Lawrence N. , Kaufmann Walter E. , Warren Stephen T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe most common cause of fragile X syndrome is expansion of a CGG trinucleotide repeat in the 5′UTR of FMR1. This expansion leads to transcriptional silencing of the gene. However, other mutational mechanisms, such as deletions of FMR1, also cause fragile X syndrome. The result is the same for both the expansion mediated silencing and deletion, absence of the gene product, FMRP. We report here on an 11‐year‐old boy with a cognitive and behavioral profile with features compatible with, but not specific to, fragile X syndrome. A mosaic deletion of 1,013,395 bp was found using high‐density X chromosome microarray analysis followed by sequencing of the deletion breakpoints. We review the literature of FMR1 deletions and present this case in the context of other FMR1 deletions having mental retardation that may or may not have the classic fragile X phenotype. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inactivation of the CDKL3 gene at 5q31.1 by a balanced t(X;5) translocation associated with nonspecific mild mental retardation
Authors: Dubos Aline , Pannetier Solange , Hanauer André 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe have investigated the breakpoints of a balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes X and 5, [46,X,t(X;5)(p11.1;q31.1)], in a woman with mild mental retardation (MR). Methylation studies showed a 100% skewed X‐inactivation in patient‐derived lymphocytes. Cloning and sequencing of the junction fragment from the X derivative showed that the breakpoint occurred in intron 3 of the CDKL3 gene on chromosome 5 and in a region devoid of genes on chromosome X. Quantitative RT‐PCR analyses on patient‐derived lymphoblastoid cells documented a significant 50% decrease of the CDKL3 transcript level. Allelic expression analysis, using an intronic SNP that was RT‐PCR amplified from CDKL3 pre‐mRNA, provided further evidence that the CDKL3 gene was transcribed from only one allele. Decreased CDKL3 gene expression was definitively confirmed at the protein level by immunoblot analysis. CDKL3 is a member of a subset of the cdc2‐related protein kinase family that shows similarity to both mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and cyclin‐dependant kinases (cdks). Importantly, one member of the family, CDKL5, has been implicated in atypical Rett syndrome, West syndrome, and X‐linked infantile spasm, all including MR as a manifestation. Expression studies demonstrated that the mouse homologue, mCdkl3, was expressed in all brain regions investigated and throughout mouse development, a pattern that is consistent with a role in development and brain function. Together the data suggest that haploinsufficiency of CDKL3 in the t(X;5) patient contributes to her phenotype, and that the CDKL3 gene is a strong candidate for nonsyndromal autosomal dominant MR. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The genetic basis of panic and phobic anxiety disorders
Authors: Smoller Jordan W. , Gardner‐Schuster Erica , Covino Jennifer 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPanic disorder and phobic anxiety disorders are common disorders that are often chronic and disabling. Genetic epidemiologic studies have documented that these disorders are familial and moderately heritable. Linkage studies have implicated several chromosomal regions that may harbor susceptibility genes; however, candidate gene association studies have not established a role for any specific loci to date. Increasing evidence from family and genetic studies suggests that genes underlying these disorders overlap and transcend diagnostic boundaries. Heritable forms of anxious temperament, anxiety‐related personality traits and neuroimaging assays of fear circuitry may represent intermediate phenotypes that predispose to panic and phobic disorders. The identification of specific susceptibility variants will likely require much larger sample sizes and the integration of insights from genetic analyses of animal models and intermediate phenotypes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amyloide: nicht nur pathologische Substanzen, sondern auch geordnete Nanomaterialien
Authors: Cherny Izhack , Gazit Ehud 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAmyloidfasern gehören zu den wichtigsten selbstorganisierten Strukturen in der Natur. Zahlreiche Proteine und Peptide mit unterschiedlichen Aminosäuresequenzen bilden unter verschiedenen Bedingungen solche sehr stabilen und hochgradig organisierten Assoziate, die man in Phasenzuständen von Flüssigkristallen bis hin zu starren Nanoröhren findet. Für diese supramolekularen Aggregate sind weit mehr Anwendungen denkbar als für synthetische Polymere, da ihre Bausteine biologische Funktionen und mechanische Eigenschaften in sich vereinen. Hier beschreiben wir die Strukturen supramolekularer Amyloidaggregate sowie die Anwendungen von natürlichen oder künstlichen Sequenzen und deren Perspektiven.
Methodology of development and estimation of quality of heat‐resistant antiadhesive coatings on the basis of fusible fluoroplastics for food industry
Authors: Anan'ev V. V. , Gubanova M. I. , Semenov G. V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDevelopment of antiadhesive coatings for working surfaces of the food equipment in high‐temperature technology is extremely important for the modern food industry. By development of the coatings as a polymeric basis, a powder fluoroplastic modified by the complex of additives is used. The studies are performed on the estimation of modifying component distribution in a polymer matrix. At present, the complexity of the problem of the development of antiadhesive coatings for alimentary purposes is conditioned by restricted selection of polymer materials suitable for food‐contacting covers, which possess high thermostability, and also low surface energy responsible for a level of adhesive interplay with alimentary media. Therefore, a problem of widening of the range of thermo‐ and chemoresistant polymer materials by usage of number of unsoluble biologically inert polymers as film‐forming components is actual. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Influence of molecular weight on impact fracture behavior of injection molded high density polyethylene: Scanning electron micrograph observations
Authors: Li Bin , Gong Guan , Xie Bang‐Hu , Yang Wei , Yang Ming‐Bo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA group of high density polyethylene with different molecular weight was prepared by melt blending two kinds of HDPE with weight average molecular weight of 3.2 × 105 g/mol and 7.2 × 105 g/mol, respectively. The fracture behavior of injection molded specimens of these samples was investigated by Izod impact test and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the variations of impact toughness of injection molded HDPE could be reflected directly by the evolution of morphology of fracture surface as molecular weight increases. Higher molecular weight led to higher impact toughness, due to both thickened oriented shear zone which could enhance the crack resistance and depressed two types of fracture behavior (tearing‐brittle fracture and heat softening/melting fracture) with low energy consumption. Fracture behavior in different position of injection molded HDPE shows different molecular weight dependence. The impact toughness at far‐gate‐end increases with increasing molecular weight, while the impact toughness at near‐gate‐end, especially for the blends, almost keeps constant within a certain range of molecular weight. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
pH sensitivity and swelling behavior of partially hydrolyzed formaldehyde‐crosslinked poly(acrylamide) superabsorbent hydrogels
Authors: Marandi G. Bagheri , Esfandiari K. , Biranvand F. , Babapour M. , Sadeh S. , Mahdavinia G. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPoly(acrylamide) superabsorbent hydrogel was synthesized through crosslinking method. Formaldehyde was used as a crosslinking agent. To achieve a hydrogel with high swelling capacity, the resulted hydrogels were saponified using NaOH solution at high temperature. During saponification, ammonia gas is produced from hydrolysis reaction of amide groups. The arising of ammonia produces porous structure in hydrogels, which is confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. The conversion of amide groups to carboxylate groups was identified by FTIR spectroscopy. The reaction variables in both crosslinking and hydrolysis reactions that affect the swelling of hydrogels were optimized. The swelling of the hydrogels in various salt solutions with various valencies and radii was studied. Also, the absorbency under load was measured. The hydrogels exhibited pH‐sensitivity characteristics. A sharp swelling change was observed in lieu of pH variations in a wide range (1–13). The swelling variations were explained according to the swelling theory based on the hydrogel chemical structure. The pH‐reversibility and on–off switching behavior makes the intelligent hydrogels as good candidates for considering as potential drug carries. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation and characterization of N‐alkylated chitosan derivatives
Authors: Ma Guiping , Yang Dongzhi , Tan Hailin , Wu Qin , Nie Jun 
Published: April 2008

AbstractN‐alkylated chitosan derivatives were synthesized in water containing acetic acid by the Michael addition reaction of chitosan with various acryl reagents. The chemical structures of the chitosan derivatives were characterized with Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐NMR techniques. The 1H‐NMR results indicated that the degree of substitution of the chitosan derivatives ranged from 0.13 to 0.39. The chitosan derivatives exhibited different solubilities in distilled water. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the chitosan derivatives were amorphous. The chitosan derivatives still had antimicrobial ability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Prostaglandin E2 modulates the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the fat body and midgut of Anopheles albimanus
Authors: García Gil de Muñoz F.L. , Martínez‐Barnetche J. , Lanz‐Mendoza H. , Rodríguez M.H. , Hernández‐Hernández F.C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractProstaglandins (PGs) participate in the regulation of vertebrate and in at least six insect orders' immune responses. We identified PGE2 in midgut, fat body, Malpighian tubules, and ovarioles of Anopheles albimanus (Aa) mosquitoes. Our data indicate that PGE2 synthesis in cultured midguts responds to the presence of two bacterial species, Micrococcus luteus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The production of mRNA coding for antimicrobial peptides Aa‐Attacin, Aa‐Cecropin, and Aa‐Gambicin was observed in cultured fat bodies and midguts. The production of these messengers was reduced in the presence of dexamethasone, and this effect was reversed by arachidonic acid. Adding PGE2 to cultures resulted in increased Aa‐cecropin mRNA and decreased Aa‐attacin and Aa‐gambicin mRNAs. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 68:14–25, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Information‐centered research for large‐scale analyses of new information sources
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Wouters Paul , Fry Jenny 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNew mass publishing genres, such as blogs and personal home pages provide a rich source of social data that is yet to be fully exploited by the social sciences and humanities. Information‐centered research (ICR) not only provides a genuinely new and useful information science research model for this type of data, but can also contribute to the emerging e‐research infrastructure. Nevertheless, ICR should not be conducted on a purely abstract level, but should relate to potentially relevant problems.
Making the global information society good: A social justice perspective on the ethical dimensions of the global information society1
Authors: Britz Johannes J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article discusses social justice as a moral norm that can be used to address the ethical challenges facing us in the global Information Society. The global Information Society is seen as a continuation of relationships which have been altered by the use of modern information and communication technologies (ICTs). Four interrelated characteristics of the global Information Society also are identified. After a brief overview of the main socioethical issues facing the global Information Society, the article discusses the application of social justice as a moral tool that has universal moral validity and which can be used to address these ethical challenges. It is illustrated that the scope of justice is no longer limited to domestic issues. Three core principles of justice are furthermore distinguished, and based on these three principles, seven categories of justice are introduced. It is illustrated how these categories of justice can be applied to address the main ethical challenges of the Information Society.
The problem of information naïveté
Authors: Brody Roberta 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWith the rapidly changing Web‐enabled world, the already existing dichotomy between knowing of and knowing about, or information naïveté, widens daily. This article explores the ethical dilemmas that can result from the lack of information literacy. The article also discusses conditions and consequences of information naïveté, media bias, possessive memory, and limited contexts and abilities. To help avoid information failure, the author recommends producers, contributors, disseminators, and aggregators of information be less information naïve.
Energetische Sanierung von Schulgebäuden in den neuen Bundesländern – Sanierungsprojekt Förderschule Rathenow
Authors: Himburg Stefan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie Sanierung von Schulen und schulähnlichen Gebäuden steht im Mittelpunkt aktueller Maßnahmen zur Energieeinsparung im Gebäudebestand. Das hier beschriebene Gebäude stellt den Standardtyp einer Großtafelbauserie in den neuen Bundesländern dar und weist im Hinblick auf die hohe Anzahl von 540 projektierten Gebäuden dieses Typs einen Modellcharakter auf. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass hinsichtlich des baulichen Zustandes dieser Gebäude ein vordringlicher Sanierungsbedarf besteht. Die Berechnungen zur energetischen Bewertung des Gebäudes zeigen eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung von ermittelten Bedarfswerten und vorliegenden Verbrauchswerten für die Heizenergie und dienen als Basis für prognostizierte energetische Einsparungen durch verschiedene Sanierungsmaßnahmen. Die neue Berechnungsnorm DIN 18599 gestattet hierbei eine wesentlich differenziertere Erfassung der Nutzungsrandbedingungen wie Nutzungszeiten, Personenbelegung, interne Wärmequellen und den Einfluss einer Nachtabsenkung.Anhand von vergleichenden Berechnungen können verschiedene Sanierungskonzepte aufgestellt und bewertet werden.