bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic entry techniques and complications
Authors: Ahmad G. , Duffy J.M.N. , Watson A.J.S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective: To identify laparoscopic entry techniques employed by gynecologists in the United Kingdom to determine if the consensus technique is adhered to, and to observe whether entry technique affects complication rate. Method: An anonymous postal questionnaire was sent to gynecologists with an interest in laparoscopic surgery in the United Kingdom. Results: At total of 568 questionnaires were sent and 345 (60.7%) were returned. Of gynecologists who returned the questionnaire 194 (57%) reported occurrence of a major bowel or vascular complication. In terms of the key elements of the consensus document there was no significant difference in entry technique used between those that reported major injury (vascular, bowel, or both), and those that did not. Conclusions: This survey demonstrates the variation in entry techniques used by gynecologists in the United Kingdom. Without a good evidence‐base to the contrary no entry technique can be stated as safer than another.
Creating consumer durable retailer customer loyalty through order fulfillment service operations
Authors: Davis‐Sramek Beth , Mentzer John T. , Stank Theodore P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractManufacturers now find themselves in the position of finding new ways to remain competitive in the era of retail power. The onus rests on the manufacturer's ability to implement operational strategies that help the retailer achieve its objectives. Specifically, manufacturers that establish successful order fulfillment service can affect retailer loyalty. The overarching goal of this research, therefore, is to examine the importance to operations managers of understanding the order fulfillment needs and expectations of their retail customers and to establish the value‐added role that operations management plays in developing retailer loyalty. Empirical evidence is provided on the relationships between relational order fulfillment service, operational order fulfillment service, satisfaction, affective commitment, purchase behavior, and loyalty. Such evidence not only focuses on the strategic importance of the OM discipline in manufacturer–retailer relationships, but also extends previous OM theory by taking a more complex view of the loyalty phenomenon.
Separating species using a horizontal panel in the Scottish North Sea whitefish trawl fishery
Authors: Ferro R. S. T. , Jones E. G. , Kynoch R. J. , Fryer R. J. , Buckett B-E. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Ferro, R. S. T., Jones, E. G., Kynoch, R. J., Fryer, R. J., and Buckett, B-E. 2007. Separating species using a horizontal panel in the Scottish North Sea whitefish trawl fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1543–1550. In the North Sea, Scottish vessels target haddock, cod, whiting, monkfish, saithe, and flatfish in a mixed whitefish trawl fishery. These species mature at different sizes and hence have a range of minimum landing sizes. Their different shapes and swimming capabilities imply different selection characteristics when escaping from trawl gear. However, they are often caught at the same time on the same grounds. Optimal exploitation can only be achieved by ensuring that the selection of each species varies appropriately with length during the fishing process. This paper describes one part of a large European project to develop species-selective trawl gear to improve the exploitation pattern of North Sea cod, while maintaining the catch of other important commercial species. A gear suitable to the Scottish mixed whitefish fishery was fitted with a horizontal panel in the tapered part of the net to separate species into an upper and lower compartment. Trials were conducted on research vessels to measure separation performance for nine species in different light conditions, at different towing speeds, and with different lengths of panel. Most haddock, whiting, and saithe pass above the panel, whereas most cod, flatfish, and monkfish pass below it. Towing speed and panel length had no significant effect on separation. At lower light levels during the night (April at latitude 58° to 61°N), fewer dab, sole, plaice, and cod pass below the panel. Observations and measurements of fish behaviour using acoustic methods are described. They suggest that the height at which fish enter the net mouth may be influenced by light level and water clarity.
Behavior and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: Is Obesity a Factor?
Authors: Rudnick Emily F. , Mitchell Ron B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives: Children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) frequently exhibit behavioral and neurocognitive problems. There is a high prevalence of OSA among obese children. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between OSA and behavioral problems in obese children as compared with normal‐weight children (controls).Study Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, controlled study of obese and normal‐weight children with OSA presenting to a tertiary medical center for adenotonsillectomy.Methods: All study participants underwent preoperative polysomnography to document OSA. Obesity was defined as age‐ and sex‐adjusted body mass index at the 95th percentile or higher. Behavior was evaluated using the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC). Preoperatively, the Behavioral Symptoms Index (BSI), a global measure of behavior, and BASC scores for obese and normal‐weight children were compared using an unpaired t test.Results: The study population included 52 children, 18 (35%) of whom were obese. The mean age of obese children was 8.6 (range, 2.0–14.9) years. The mean age of normal‐weight children was 6.4 (range, 2.1–12.9) years. Demographics were otherwise similar. The mean apnea‐hypopnea index for obese children was 17.2 (5.0–38.0) and for normal‐weight children was 15.7 (5.3–88.0). The BSI score was 55.3 (SD, 15.9) for obese and 55.9 (SD, 15.0) for normal‐weight children. Seven (38.9%) obese and 12 (35.3%) normal‐weight children had clinically significant or abnormal behavior. Similar results were seen for the BASC scales of atypicality, depression, hyperactivity, and somatization in both groups.Conclusions: Behavioral problems are highly prevalent in children with OSA. However, these problems exist independently of whether children are obese or normal weight.
Outcome of Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Artery Occlusion for Intractable Epistaxis: A 10‐Year Experience
Authors: Nouraei S. A. Reza , Maani Tareq , Hajioff Daniel , Saleh Hesham A. , Mackay Ian S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: To evaluate the efficacy of surgical sphenopalatine artery occlusion (SAO) for treating intractable epistaxis, and identify factors associated with long‐term success or failure of this procedure.Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing SAO surgery between January 1995 and 2005 was undertaken. Clinical and hematologic information, preoperative and surgical care, short‐term complications, and long‐term outcome were recorded. Binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for early re‐bleeding, and log‐rank statistics with Cox regression were used to identify risk factors for long‐term operative failure.Results: Sixty‐seven patients underwent 71 SAO operations. The average age at surgery was 56 ± 18 years. Thirty percent of patients were being treated for hypertension, 19% were taking aspirin, and 11% were anticoagulated with warfarin. Many patients (46%) had >72 hours of epistaxis before admission, and 25% required preoperative transfusion. There were 13 (19%) bilateral procedures, six patients underwent concomitant anterior ethmoid artery occlusion, and 12 patients had concomitant septoplasty. Eight patients had significant early re‐bleeding. Platelet levels on admission and not using diathermy to occlude the sphenopalatine artery were independent risk factors for this (P values .03, and .02, respectively). Not using diathermy was also an independent risk factor for late operative failure on Cox regression, reducing the mean re‐intervention‐free interval from 94 ± 7 to 32 ± 7 months (P < .007; hazard ratio 6.4; 95% confidence interval 1.7–24.9).Conclusions: SAO is an effective operation and, in trained hands, an appropriate first‐line procedure for treating intractable epistaxis. Use of diathermy significantly improves the short‐ and long‐term outcome of this surgery.
Unresponsive asystolic cardiac arrest responding to external cardiac pacing in a patient with phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Taylor M. J. , McIndoe A. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryAn anaesthetised 48‐year‐old woman became haemodynamically unstable following biopsy of a thoracic mass suggesting a diagnosis of a thoracic phaeochromocytoma. Surgery was postponed to allow confirmatory investigations and pre‐operative adrenoceptor blockade with phenoxybenzamine and labetalol. Nine days later, following resection of her phaeochromocytoma, she suffered an intra‐operative asystolic cardiac arrest which was unresponsive to standard resuscitation protocols and required external cardiac pacing. We discuss the issues involved and suggest that the competitive α1 adrenoceptor antagonist doxazosin may be preferable to the covalently bound mixed alpha adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine in the pre‐operative preparation of patients with phaeochromocytoma.
The addition of dexamethasone to dolasetron or haloperidol for treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting*
Authors: Rüsch D. , Arndt C. , Martin H. , Kranke P. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryIt is not known whether dexamethasone increases the effectiveness of anti‐emetics when given to treat postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). In a randomised study, 242 patients who were experiencing PONV received dolasetron and placebo, haloperidol and placebo, dolasetron and dexamethasone, or haloperidol and dexamethasone. The results from 228 patients were suitable for analysis. PONV recurred significantly less frequently in patients treated with additional dexamethasone (33%) than in patients treated without additional dexamethasone (51%). The combination of dexamethasone with dolasetron or dexamethasone with haloperidol is superior to dolasetron or haloperidol alone for the treatment of PONV.
Remote sensing‐based predictors improve distribution models of rare, early successional and broadleaf tree species in Utah
Authors: ZIMMERMANN N. E. , EDWARDS T. C. , MOISEN G. G. , FRESCINO T. S. , BLACKARD J. A. 
Published: July 2007

Summary

Compared to bioclimatic variables, remote sensing predictors are rarely used for predictive species modelling. When used, the predictors represent typically habitat classifications or filters rather than gradual spectral, surface or biophysical properties. Consequently, the full potential of remotely sensed predictors for modelling the spatial distribution of species remains unexplored. Here we analysed the partial contributions of remotely sensed and climatic predictor sets to explain and predict the distribution of 19 tree species in Utah. We also tested how these partial contributions were related to characteristics such as successional types or species traits.
We developed two spatial predictor sets of remotely sensed and topo‐climatic variables to explain the distribution of tree species. We used variation partitioning techniques applied to generalized linear models to explore the combined and partial predictive powers of the two predictor sets. Non‐parametric tests were used to explore the relationships between the partial model contributions of both predictor sets and species characteristics.
More than 60% of the variation explained by the models represented contributions by one of the two partial predictor sets alone, with topo‐climatic variables outperforming the remotely sensed predictors. However, the partial models derived from only remotely sensed predictors still provided high model accuracies, indicating a significant correlation between climate and remote sensing variables. The overall accuracy of the models was high, but small sample sizes had a strong effect on cross‐validated accuracies for rare species.
Models of early successional and broadleaf species benefited significantly more from adding remotely sensed predictors than did late seral and needleleaf species. The core‐satellite species types differed significantly with respect to overall model accuracies. Models of satellite and urban species, both with low prevalence, benefited more from use of remotely sensed predictors than did the more frequent core species.
Synthesis and applications. If carefully prepared, remotely sensed variables are useful additional predictors for the spatial distribution of trees. Major improvements resulted for deciduous, early successional, satellite and rare species. The ability to improve model accuracy for species having markedly different life history strategies is a crucial step for assessing effects of global change.
An evolutionary framework for the polar regions
Authors: Crame J. A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Our knowledge of the nature, generation and maintenance of largescale biodiversity patterns is still far from complete. This is particularly so in the Southern Hemisphere and in the marine realm, where recent taxonomic investigations of Mollusca and other invertebrate groups has cast doubt upon the existence of a simple cline in species richness between the tropics and the pole. Comparatively high regional diversity values for the shelled gastropods and other epifaunal taxa implies a considerable evolutionary legacy; this is supported, at least in part, by available evidence from the fossil record. Certain families within the living gastropod fauna maintain their prominence when traced back 40 m.y., and perhaps even longer; in addition, several Southern Ocean gastropod and bivalve genera can now be traced back to at least the late Eocene. Use of a variety of refugia may have enabled many taxa to survive repeated glacial advances.As we begin to revise our concept of the nature of latitudinal diversity gradients, so we also need to examine regional variations in evolutionary rates. Clearly this is a complex issue. but recourse to a pilot study based on the molluscan fossil record suggests that there may be no significant difference between the rates of radiation of tropical and cold‐temperatdpolar taxa. The most diverse clades, which are all tropical, are simply the oldest. What data are available from the fossil record indicate that there is no appreciable latitudinal variation in rates of extinction either. Time, but not necessarily environmental stability, would appear to be crucial to the development of pockets of high taxonomic diversity.Recent improvement in our understanding of the biology of many polar marine invertebrates suggests that life in cold water is not an insuperable evolutionary problem. Of qual importance to any intrinsic properties of organisms which may have governed the differentiation of large‐scale biodiversity patterns is the role of extrinsic processes. Foremost among these has almost certainly been repeated range shifts in response to Cenozoic climatic cycles.
Inhibiton of fatty acid biosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts by cycloxydim and other cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones
Authors: Kobek Klaus , Focke Manfred , Lichtenthaler Hartmut K. , Retzlaff Günther , Würzer Bruno 
Published: July 2007

Kobek, K., Focke, M., Lichtenthaler, H.K., Retzlaff, G. and Würzer, B. 1988. Inhibiton of fatty acid biosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts by cycloxydim and other cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 492–498.The effect of the three cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione herbicides cycloxydim, sethoxydim and clethodim (proposed common name) on the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis of isolated chloroplasts as test system was investigated with intact chloroplasts isolated from sensitive grasses (Poaceae) and tolerant dicotyledonous plants. All three herbicides blocked the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis ([14C]‐acetatc incorporation into total fatty acid fraction) in Avena sativa L. cv. Flämingnova chloroplasts in a dose‐dependent manner. The I50‐values are lower for cycloxydim and clethodim than for sethoxydim. The rate of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in isolated, intact and photosynthetically active Avena chloroplasts was higher in the light than in the dark, which appeared to be due to the light‐dependent regeneration of the cofactors ATP and NADPH. The de novo fatty acid biosynthesis by isolated chloroplasts from the tolerant dicotyledonous species pea (Pisum savivum L. cv. Kleine Rheinländerin), spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. cv. Matador) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. su/su) was insensitive to the three herbicides. It is assumed that one of the enzymes of the fatty acid biosynthesis is modified in the dicotyledonous plants and not accessible to the cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione herbicides. In the case of Poa annua L., which as a whole plant is tolerant towards sethoxydim, the tolerance seems not to lie in the chloroplasts but in properties of the cytoplasm, since the isolated chloroplasts are sensitive to the herbicide.
Ethylene as a possible mediator of light‐induced inhibition of root growth
Authors: Eliasson Lennart , Bollmark Marie 
Published: July 2007

Eliasson, L. and Bollmark, M. 1988. Ethylene as a possible mediator of light‐induced inhibition of root growth. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 605–609.Pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L. cv. Weibull's Marma) were used to investigate the possible role of ethylene in light‐induced inhibition of root elongation. Illumination of the roots with white light inhibited root elongation by 40–50% and increased ethylene production by the roots about 4‐fold. Our main approach was to use exogenous 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC), supplied in the growth solution, to monitor ethylene production of the roots independent of light treatment. Ethylene production of excised root tips increased with increasing ACC concentrations. The rate of ethylene production in dark‐grown roots treated with 0.1 μM ACC was similar to that caused by illumination. Low ACC concentrations (0.01–0.1 μM) decreased the rate of root elongation, especially in seedlings grown in the dark, and 0.1 μM ACC inhibited elongation to about the same extent as light. In light the roots curved and grew partly plagiogravitropically. This effect was also simulated by the 0.1 μM ACC treatment. At 1 μM and higher concentrations, ACC inhibited root growth almost completely and caused conspicuous curvatures of the root tips both in light and darkness. Inhibitors of ethylene synthesis and action partially counteracted the inhibition of root elongation caused by light. These observations suggest that the increase in ethylene production caused by light is at least partly responsible for the decreased growth of light‐exposed roots.
The influence of salinity on phosphate uptake and distribution in lupin roots
Authors: Treeby Michael T. , van Steveninck Reinhard F. M. 
Published: July 2007

Treeby, M. T. and van Steveninck, R. F. M. 1988. The influence of salinity on phosphate uptake and distribution in lupin roots. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 617–622.The uptake and distribution of phosphate in lupin (Lupinus luteus L. cv. Weiko III) roots under moderate salt (NaCl) stress was studied. Vacuolar inorganic phosphate (PJ concentrations in high phosphate plants were decreased by salt, although whole root P| was unaffected. In low phosphate plants, vacuolar Pi was unaffected by salt while whole root Pi was increased. Phosphate uptake was not altered by salt in high phosphate plants, but was depressed in low phosphate plants. These observations lead to the conclusion that in high phosphate plants Pi accumulates in cytoplasm and/or stele, ultimately giving rise to phosphate toxicity in shoots. Increasing phosphate supply had no effect on Na+ accumulation in root cell vacuoles in the epidermis or cortex, but the concentration of Cl− in endodermal vacuoles was lowered.
Measurement of the activity and capacity of the alternative pathway in intact plant tissues: Identification of problems and possible solutions
Authors: Møller Ian M. , Bérczi Alajos , van der Plas Linus H. W. , Lambers Hans 
Published: July 2007

Møller, I. M., Bérczi, A., van der Plas, L. H. W. and Lambers, H. 1988. Measurement of the activity and capacity of the alternative pathway in intact plant tissues: Identification of problems and possible solutions. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 642–649.The cyanide‐insensitive, benzhydroxamic acid‐sensitive (e.g. salicylhydroxamic acid, SHAM) alternative pathway is located in the inner membrane of plant mitochondria and electron flow through it is not coupled to H+ pumping and ATP synthesis. When estimating the activity and capacity of the alternative pathway in intact plant tissues three main problems arise: 1) There is almost always a substantial (10–50%) KCN‐insensitive, SHAM‐insensitive residual respiration, which may be due to peroxisomal a‐oxidation of fatty acids, and which must be subtracted from all data in the further analyses. 2) There is a (KCN‐sensitive) peroxidase in many tissues that is stimulated by low SHAM concentrations (1–10 mAf), but inhibited at higher concentrations (15–50 mM). 3) High concentrations of SHAM may inhibit the cytochrome pathway. Means of identifying and alleviating these problems are presented. Provided experimental conditions are chosen such as to minimize the three problems for each new plant organ or species or each new growth condition, SHAM can be used to estimate the size of the alternatively pathway in vivo.
Isolation of plasma membrane and binding of the Ca2+ antagonist nimodipine in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Dolle Reiner 
Published: July 2007

Chlorophyll‐free plasma membranes of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard were purified from a microsomal fraction using an aqueous polymer two‐phase system of 6.5% (w/w) dextran T500, 6·5% (w/w) polyethylene glycol 3350, 60 mM NaCI, 0 33 M sucrose and 5 mM potassium phosphate (pH 7·8). The plasma membrane fraction contained only 2·4% of the microsomal membrane protein. Specific activity of the plasma membrane marker enzyme, K*, Mg2+‐ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3). was enriched 9‐fold over the microsomal fraction, and 22% of total activity was recovered in the upper, polyethylene glycol‐rich phase.Contamination from intracellular membranes was minimal. K*, Mg2+‐ATPase showed a pH optimum at about 6·5, and addition of 0·05% (w/v) Triton X‐100 stimulated the activity 3‐fold. [3H]‐Nimodipinc was employed to characterize 1,4‐dihydropyridine‐specific membrane receptors. Two apparent binding sites with different affinities to nimodipine were found in the crude microsomal fraction. The separation of plasma membranes from intracellular membranes revealed that one binding site with higher affinity (KD= 9 nM) was located on the plasma membrane and a second binding site with lower affinity (KD= 36 nM) on an intracellular membrane The apparent dissociation constants determined from the association and dissociation rate constants in kinetic experiments were comparable to those determined by equilibrium experiments. The maximum number of binding sites of the plasma membrane fraction and the intracellular membrane fraction was Bmax= 440 and 470 fmol (mg protein)‐1, respectively. [3H]‐Nimodipinc binding was inhibited by (±) verapamil and stimulated by D‐cis‐diltiazem in both fractions. Moreover, ethyle‐neglycol‐bis(2‐aminoethylcther)‐N, N'‐tetraacctic acid (EGTA) inhibited [3H]‐nimo‐dipinc binding in the plasma membrane fraction but not in the intracellular membrane fraction This effect was cancelled by the addition of CaCl2.