bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of a SV40‐like papovavirus from a human glioblastoma
Authors: Scherneck Siegfried , Rudolph Michael , Geissler Erhard , Vogel Frank , Lübbe Liselotte , Wählte Helga , Nisch Gunther , Weickmann Friedrich , Zimmermann Wolfgang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA human glioblastoma multiforme (M27) tested in early cell cultures by indirect immunofluorescence staining showed SV40‐related tumor (T)‐antigen, 95% of the cells being positive. SV40‐related viral capsid (V)‐antigen was absent in all cells tested. Experiments to rescue this virus were performed by fusing M27 cells with CV‐I monkey cells, which were permissive for SV40, using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as fusion factor. We succeeded in isolating virus particles SV40‐GBM which electron microscopy showed to correspond in size and morphology to papovaviruses. Serological tests (hemagglutination, neutralization, fluorescent antibody) revealed that the virus is indistinguishable from SV40. Despite this apparent antigenic identity SV40‐GBM differs slightly from SV40 wild type. This virus can propagate and produce CPE in both CV‐I cells and primary fetal human kidney cells. Furthermore digestion of SV40‐GBM DNA with the HindII/III restriction endonucleases revealed minor differences compared with the SV40 DNA. Therefore the virus SV40‐GBM obtained from glioblastoma cells seems to be closely related to the SV40‐PML viruses described earlier.
Epstein‐barr virus specific IgA serum antibodies in nasopharyngeal and other respiratory carcinomas
Authors: Desgranges C. , De‐Thé G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to better understand the relationship between IgA and IgG antibodies to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we analyzed 230 NPC sera but also a series of sera from patients with other carcinomas selected for their high EBV/IgG antibody titres. We were surprised to find that 21 out of 46 sera from bronchopulmonary carcinomas (BPC) and 6 out of 7 carcinomas of nasal fossae were IgA anti‐VCA positive, and 9 BPC sera and 5 nasal fossae sera were also positive for IgA anti‐EA. Bronchial undifferentiated small‐cell carcinomas may represent a particular group associated with high EBV profile.
The L1210 assay for immune complexes: Application in cancer patients and correlation with disease progress
Authors: Poskitt Paula K. F. , Poskitt Thomas R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmune complexes (ICs) were determined by the non‐complement‐dependent L1210 radioimmune assay on 132 serum samples collected from 53 patients with a variety of cancers. Both the mean IC levels and frequency of positive tests were significantly greater in cancer patients (mean = 96±100 μg/ml, 46% positive) than in a control group of 67 normal healthy blood donors (mean = 39±15, 3% positive). When cancer patients were assorted into groups by disease progress, those with large or progressing tumors had significantly higher mean values (136±129) and frequency of positives (75%) than those with small or regressing tumors (58±18, 22% positive). In lung cancer patients, IC levels showed a strong inverse correlation (rs = −0.903) with survival time in patients who died, and appeared to be a better prognostic indicator than performance status (Karnofsky scale) at time of diagnosis. Serial IC measurements taken on several patients showed a decrease in levels concomitant with a favorable response to cytoreductive therapy, sustained normal levels during periods of prolonged remission, and a rise to elevated levels with (and sometimes preceding) documentation of new metastases.
Antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against epstein‐barr virus membrane antigen in african Burkitt's lymphoma
Authors: Granlund David J. , Nkrumah Francis , Perkins I. Virginia , Biggar Robert J. , Levine Paul H. , Fuccillo David A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerial samples of sera from patients with African Burkitt's lymphoma were tested for antibody against Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐specific membrane antigen (MA) by the antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity assay (ADCC). Titers of patients in the long‐term survivor group were generally higher than those found in the sera of patients in the short‐term survivor group. Although ADCC titers to EBV‐MA were not useful in predicting which patients would relapse there was a definite relationship between ADCC titer and prognosis. The individual differences in ADCC titers in patients in remission may explain the variability of responses that have been reported in studies on serotherapy with remission plasma.
Suppressor cell activity of lymphocytes infiltrating human lung and breast tumours
Authors: Vose B. M. , Moore M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can be isolated from human lung and breast tumours by the stepwise application of velocity and density sedimentations on discontinuous Ficoll‐Triosil or bovine serum gradients. The populations obtained showed variable composition with respect to lymphocyte subsets but generally corresponded to that of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) containing primarily T cells (mean, 49% E rosettes; 15% EA rosettes). Comparison of reactivity to PHA in 15 individuals revealed a significant deficit in reactivity in the TIL population compared with blood and lymph‐node lymphocytes. TIL showed no natural killer (NK) activity, no response to autologous tumour in mixed lymphocyte target interaction tests (MLTI) and no cytotoxicity against autologous tumour, in agreement with previous findings. In order to investigate this depressed reactivity, we measured the effect of admixture of mitomycin‐treated TIL to PBL on PHA and MLTI responsiveness in nine individuals. Eight of these nine showed reduced reactivity to PHA (mean depression of responsiveness, 49%) and five subjects who were responsive to autologous tumour, showed markedly reduced reactivity in the presence of TIL (mean reduction, 65%). In a case of medullary carcinoma of breast it was possible to revover sufficient TIL to allow fractionation on nylon wool columns. Passage through these columns resulted in a higher level of inhibition of PBL reactivity than that seen in unpassed or column‐attached lymphocytes. These data show that TIL have suppressive activity which may account for their poor performance in other assays of effector and memory function.
Rauscher leukemia virus‐induced tumor antigens: Complete separation from gp70, p30 and H‐2
Authors: Alaba Olusola , Rogers M. J. , Law L. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe possibility that some or all of the viral proteins, gp 70, p 30, and the histocompatibility antigen, H‐2, function as the tumor‐specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) of the R‐MuLV‐induced leukemia, RBL‐5, and also in the secondary in vitro induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), was investigated. The antigen was obtained by isolating the plasma membranes of RBL‐5 cells and solubilizing with sodium deoxycholate (DOC) followed by gel filtration chromatography. A fraction containing excellent tumor‐rejection activity but low amounts of gp 70, p 30 and H‐2 was chromatographed on goat anti‐gp 70 goat anti‐p 30 and sheep anti‐H‐2b immunoaffinity columns. The data obtained indicate that gp 70, p 30 or H‐2 do not function as TSTA of RBL‐5 leukemia, individually or as a complex. Similarly, the antigen responsible for the specific secondary induction of CTL in vitro is distinct from these three proteins.
Clonal analysis of the action of GM‐CSF on the proliferation and differentiation of myelomonocytic leukemic cells
Authors: Metcalf D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith 214 subclones of the BALB/c myelomonocytic leukemia WEHI‐3B, the granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) in impure or purified form, consistently increased the proportion of colonies exhibiting partial or complete differentiation in agar cultures. GM‐CSF also increased colony size and content of daughter colony‐forming cells. Serial recloning of WEHI‐3B colonies in the presence of GM‐CSF showed that when colonies differentiated completely, self‐replication of the colony‐forming cell was suppressed (clonal extinction). However, WEHI‐3B cells exhibited clonal instability and even in the continuous presence of GM‐CSF many colony‐forming cells still generated cells able to form undifferentiated colonies. It appears unlikely that GM‐CSF can completely suppress the progressive proliferation of a myeloid leukemic population of the WEHI‐3B type.
Active, specific immunotherapy of murine leukemia. I. Irradiated tumor cell vaccine
Authors: Bartlett Gerald L. , Kreider John W. , Purnell Dallas M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report describes a new animal model for active, specific, systemic immunotherapy of leukemia. Mice were challenged (day 0) with 103 viable LSTRA cells and treated later with a vaccine containing 107 irradiated LSTRA cells. Four intraperitoneal or intravenous vaccine injections, on days 2, 9, 16 and 23, caused significant prolongation of survival; single injections by the same routes had inconsistent effects. Vaccine was not effective against a higher initial challenge dose, when given later in the course of tumor growth, when given intradermally or when used in weanling mice. The therapeutic effect was specific since a vaccine composed of an antigenically unrelated leukemia was ineffective. These results suggest that LSTRA is suitable for studying active, systemic, specific immunotherapy.
Augmentation of natural killer activity by pyran copolymer in mice
Authors: Santoni Angela , Puccetti Paolo , Riccardi Carlo , Herberman Ronald B. , Bonmassar Enzo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTreatment of older mice with pyran copolymer, a known interferon‐inducer, was found to result in a rapid boosting of cell‐mediated cytolytic activity against YAC‐1 tumor target cells. The effector cells were characterized as being non‐adherent and were presumed to be natural killer (NK) cells. Augmentation occurred in various lymphoid organs and was detectable 2–3 days after drug treatment. Differences in the levels of boosted activity among the lymphoid organs resulted when the route of administration was varied. The degree of augmentation was largely independent of the dose of pyran, but did vary among different strains of mice. Augmentation, moreover, was followed by a rapid decline by 5–7 days.
Characteristics and genetic control of NK‐cell‐mediated cytotoxicity activated by naturally acquired infection in the mouse
Authors: Clark Edward A. , Russell Peter H. , Egghart Margrit , Horton Michael A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMost and perhaps all natural‐cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) may be activated by a response to exogenous infections. Specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) mice have little or no natural killer (NK) cell activity, but when they are relocated in conventional conditions, they develop strong NCMC within 2 to 3 days. Unlike other SPF animals, hypothymic nude mice display good NCMC which is further augmented upon their entry into a pathogenic environment. The ontogeny, genetic control and other features of pathogen‐activated NCMC resemble those previously described for NK cells. An H2‐D region NCMC regulatory gene is active in either a homozygous or heterozygous state, but to be operative seems to require the presence of an additional complementing locus, which maps outside the H‐2 complex. It is proposed that H‐2 influences NCMC levels by affecting the expression or immunogenicity of NK cell‐activating determinants. Recently activated NK cells were non‐adherent and lacked la and Thy‐1 determinants. NCMC was not affected by treatment with monoclonal high‐titer Thy‐1.2 antisera and complement. However, an Ly‐6.2 antiserum did contain anti‐NK cytotoxic activity, which was shown by absorption analysis to be distinct from anti‐Ly‐6.2 activity. The NK antigen has a strain distribution pattern distinct from Ly‐5 and other Ly markers, but may be related or identical to NK‐1.
Enhancement of feline leukemia virus‐induced leukemogenesis in cats exposed to methylnitrosourea
Authors: Schaller J. P. , Mathes L. E. , Hoover E. A. , Olsen R. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of methylnitrosourea (MNU), a potent resorptive carcinogen, was evaluated for its influence on the susceptibility of adult cats to infection and induction of oncornavirus disease by feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Young adult cats at an age previously demonstrated to be highly resistant to FeLV, were injected intravenously with moderately toxic doses (15–20 mg/kg) of MNU alone or with infectious FeLV (Rickard strain). Following exposure to virus and chemical, cats were monitored for antibody to the feline oncornavirus‐associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA), viremia by direct infectivity and the presence of gsa in peripheral blood leukocytes, and for toxic effects of MNU by hemogram analyses on peripheral blood. Of 8 cats injected with MNU+FeLV, 6 developed persistent viremia, 5 of which became debilitated from thymic lymphoma. Only 1 of 6 non‐MNU‐treated and infected cats of the same age became transiently viremic. FOCMA antibody development was markedly depressed in MNU+FeLV inoculated cats compared with cats inoculated with FeLV alone. Results show that MNU was apparently responsible for the obliteration of age‐related susceptibility in cats to FeLV infection and induction of FeLV‐related disease, and suggest that in nature exposure to toxic chemical carcinogens may act as factors which determine susceptibility to feline oncornaviruses in the cat.
Content and distribution of macrophages and lymphocytes in solid malignant human tumours
Authors: Svennevig Jan‐L. , Svaar Helge 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relative content of lymphocytes and macrophages was studied in 20 solid malignant human tumours. Mechanically prepared tumour‐cell suspensions contained both lymphocytes (0.2–4.0%) and macrophages (0.2–7.0%). Macrophages were characterized as esterase‐positive, phagocytosing cells. The distribution of the cells within the tumours was studied on cryostat sections. A modified esterase method, using α‐naphthyl butyrate as substrate, always gave an intensive staining of tissue‐infiltrating macrophages, even in malignant tissues where some neoplastic cells exhibited a weak to moderate esterase activity. Tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes were studied in HE‐stained tissue sections. The study demonstrates that both cell types were usually more numerous in the stroma surrounding the tumour tissue and in the stromal septa between the cords of malignant cells (peripheral infiltration) than in the central areas of the tumours. No signs of cell necrosis were seen near the lymphocyte zones or the stromal macrophages; however, some central necrotic areas contained aggregates of macrophages, lymphocytes and PMN.
Is SP1 (pregnancy specific β1 glycoprotein) elevated in cancer patients?
Authors: Engvall E. , Yonemoto R. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPregnancy‐specific β1‐glycoprotein, SP1, was measured in serum by competitive double antibody radioimmunoassay. Very low levels of SP1 or SP1‐like activity were found in only 2 out of 85 sera from patients with cancer of the digestive tract, breast cancer, melanoma, and sarcoma, in 2 out of 11 sera from patients with infectious diseases, and in none out of 15 sera from non‐pregnant healthy individuals. SP1 thus does not seem to be ectopically produced in vivo by the types of cancer studied, but is probably highly specific for the normal and malignant trophoblast.
Comparative tumor‐inhibitory and anti‐bacterial activity of soluble and particulate glucan
Authors: di Luzio N. R. , Williams D. L. , McNamee R. B. , Edwards B. F. , Kitahama Akio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA soluble fraction of particulate glucan was prepared and evaluated for its anti‐tumor and anti‐bacterial activity. Thin‐layer chromatographic analysis indicated that the soluble preparation was composed of a variety of polyglucoses. Intravenous administration of soluble or particulate glucan resulted in significant reductions in the growth of a syngeneic anaplastic mammary carcinoma and melanoma B16. Survival data demonstrated that intravenous administration of soluble or particulate glucan prolonged survival of A/J and C57BL/6J mice with subcutaneous tumor implants. As regards to bacterial infections, soluble and particulate glucan decreased renal necrosis in S. aureus challenged mice as compared to control mice. Although the exact nature of the active soluble fraction(s) of glucan remains to be delineated, these studies demonstrate that a soluble glucan preparation exhibits significant anti‐tumor and anti‐staphylococcal activity. The active soluble fraction of particulate glucan may be preferable to particulate glucan in view of the inherent ease of parenteral administration.
Immunotherapy of an ascitic rat hepatoma with cord factor (trehalose‐6, 6′‐dimycolate) and synthetic analogues
Authors: Pimm Malcolm V. , Baldwin Robert W. , Polonsky Judith , Lederer Edgar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ability of cord factor (trehalose‐6, 6′‐dimycolate) and a range of shorter carbon chain fatty acid trehalose diesters to suppress growth of an ascitic rat hepatoma has been examined and compared with that of whole, living BCG organisms. Aqueous suspensions of BCG, and cord factor in 0.4% arachis oil:Triton emulsion, injected intra‐peritoneally, retarded growth of up to 105 ascites tumour cells. Trehalose‐6, 6′‐dibehenate was also tumour‐suppressive, but only against lower challenge inocula (104 cells). Trehalose‐6, 6′‐dipalmitate and 6,6′‐di‐0–2‐tetradecyl ‐3‐hydroxyoctadecanoyl β,β trehalose (designated C76) were virtually ineffective and 6,6′ ‐di‐0–2‐eicosyl‐3‐hydroxy‐tetracosanoyl β, β trehalose (designated C100) gave small and variable effects only against low challenge inocula. However, improved responses were seen with light mineral oil in place of arachis oil in the emulsions.
Membrane dynamic alteration associated with the tumorigenicity of polyoma‐transformed and revertant hamster cells
Authors: Parola A. H. , Souroujon M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSteady state fluorescence polarization studies were carried out on membranes of polyoma‐virus‐transformed, revertants, re‐revertants, and normal golden hamster cells. Four clones of revertant cells which exhibit different levels of reversion were isolated. The degree of reversion in these revertant clones was characterized in vitro by their contact inhibition behavior and in vivo by their tumorigenicity to hamsters. A good correlation between these two criteria was observed. Re‐revertant cells were obtained from that revertant clone which exhibited the highest degree of reversion (similar to normal cells) and which could still produce tumors in hamsters. Re‐revertants resembled the polyoma‐virus‐transformed cells in both contact inhibition and tumorigenicity. Fluorescence polarization values of 1,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene‐labelled cells correlated well with cell tumorigenicity: normal and revertant cells which were not malignant exhibited distinctly lower fluorescence polarization values than those of the tumorigenic transformed and re‐revertant cells. Intermediary revertant clones exhibited fluorescence polarization values in between those of normal and transformed cells, yet indistinguishable within experimental uncertainty.
Activation of mouse macrophages by pyran copolymer and role in augmentation of natural killer activity
Authors: Puccetti Paolo , Santoni Angela , Riccardi Carlo , Holden Howard T. , Herberman Ronald B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInoculation of mice with pyran copolymer resulted in activation of natural killer (NK) cells as well as macrophages. Conditions optimal for the boosting of NK activity seemed to differ from those optimal for macrophage activation as assessed by cytostasis of tumor target cells. Peak levels of macrophage cytostatic reactivity were found at about 7 days after drug injection and were only achieved by the highest doses of pyran tested. Macrophage activation was consistently higher in the peritoneal cavity than in the spleen, regardless of route of administration, in contrast to the failure of i.v. pyran to induce high NK reactivity in peritoneal exudate cells. At 2–3 days after pyran treatment of older mice, NK augmentation reached peak levels, but only minimal macrophage activation was found. Despite these differences, macrophages played a role in regulating NK activity in pyran‐treated mice. Functional macrophages appeared to be required for augmentation of NK activity by pyran, since boosting was impaired by prior in vivo inoculation of silica. Macrophages also appeared able to inhibit NK activity. In younger mice that exhibited high spontaneous levels of NK activity, pyran treatment produced a substantial reduction in NK activity to levels below those of untreated mice. This depression coincided with the time of peak levels of macrophage cytostasis. Furthermore, removal of adherent cells from the spleen cells of these pyran‐treated mice resulted in levels of NK activity almost as high as those of untreated mice. The possibility that the depression of NK activity in young mice by pyran copolymer is due to suppressor cells is discussed.
Cytotoxicity in vitro of blood lymphocytes from bladder cancer patients and controls to allogeneic or autologous tumor cells derived from established cell lines or short‐term cultures
Authors: Troye M. , Vilien M. , Pape G. R. , Perlmann P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBlood lymphocytes from small groups of patients with transitional‐cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (TCC), clinical controls (CC) or healthy donors (HD) were tested for cytotoxicity in vitro by a 51Cr‐release assay. The target cells were either from TCC or control tissue (long‐term cultures) or were from short‐term TCC cultures, kept in vitro for 10–20 transfer generations. When tested with allogeneic target cells from long‐term cultures, TCC patients' lymphocytes tended to be more cytotoxic to TCC targets than to control targets. For the control lymphocytes this was not seen. A large proportion but not all of the cytotoxicity to these target cells was due to immunoglobulin‐depen‐dent cellular reactions, probably mediated by natural and disease‐related antibodies of the lymphocyte donors, since it was significantly inhibited by Fab‐fragments of rabbit antibodies to human immunoglobulin. Moreover, it was, to a large extent, mediated by lymphocytes with Fc‐receptors for IgG. For seven of the TCC target cell cultures (two long‐term and five short‐term) autologous lymphocytes were also available for testing. While two patients were non‐reactive to their own tumor cells, five reacted strongly in the autologous combinations. These autologous reactions were immunoglobulin‐independent and were mediated by Fc‐receptor‐negative effector cells. In some instances, autologous cytotoxicity was accompanied by similar reactions to some of the allogeneic TCC targets but not to the allogeneic non‐TCC control targets. On the basis of available information on HLA antigens in this material, the pattern of cross‐reactions suggests that the cytotoxicity encountered in the autologous and in some of the allogeneic TCC‐combinations may be the expression of antibody‐independent but specific CTL‐mediated reactions, regulated by HLA. However, at the present stage of the investigation, other mechanisms must also be considered since the target cells from short‐term TCC cultures were sometimes lysed by control lymphocytes in irnmunoglobulin‐independent reactions. Whatever the explanation, the results show that the cytotoxicity observed in the in vitro systems is usually the net result of several different types of reaction. Which effector cell types and which mechanism of recognition will predominate in a given lymphocyte/target cell combination is greatly influenced by the nature and origin of the target cells used.