bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing Heptazine‐COF@TiO2 Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Efficient Photodegradation of Acetaminophen under Visible Light
Authors: Ge Shijie , Cai Yixiao , Deng Lili , Jin Mengtian , Qu Xiangyang , Liu He , Wang Huaping , Wang Biao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConstructing heterojunction photocatalysts are widely applied to boost the photocatalytic activity of materials. Here, a novel covalent organic framework (COF) material with heptazine units was developed and hybridized with TiO2 nano particles (NPs) to fabricate the Heptazine‐COF@TiO2 photocatalysts for acetaminophen (AAP) photodegradation. The successfully assembled heptazine unit endows the Heptazine‐COF with outstanding semiconductor property (optical bandgap is 2.53 eV). The synthesized Heptazine‐COF@TiO2 hybrids is proved to have the heterojunction structure with high visible light activity and fast charge‐carrier mobility, and exhibits better performance in photodegradation of AAP under visible light. The excellent photodegradation efficiency (rate constant: 0.758 min−1) and high reusability (rate constant: 0.452 min−1 in the 6th cycles) of the optimized sample outperform the traditional inorganic photocatalysts and other heterojunction photocatalysts. In addition, these photocatalysts present universal degradation activity for other dyes and antibiotics.
The current perspective and opportunities of small nucleic acid‐based therapeutics
Authors: Chen Yang , Li Yang , Li Chao , Zhang Dandan , Liu Yuheng , Zhang Jingjing , Guan Shan , Ding Xiaoyan , Xiao Qin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCompared to traditional small molecule and antibody drugs, RNA‐based drugs offer a simple design, short research and development cycles, high specificity, broad treatment fields, and long‐term efficacy. As a result, RNA‐based drugs are extensively used to treat genetic diseases, tumors, viral infections, and other illnesses, suggesting that they have the potential to become the third‐largest drug class after small molecule and antibody drugs. Currently, more than 10 small nucleic acid drugs have gained regulatory approval. The commercialization successes of small nucleic acid drugs will stimulate the development of RNA‐based drugs. Small nucleic acid drugs primarily target liver diseases, metabolic diseases, genetic diseases, and tumors, and there is also significant potential for expanding indications in the future. This review provides a brief overview of the advantages and development of small nucleic acid‐based therapeutics and shows a focus on platform technologies such as chemical modifications and delivery systems that have enabled the clinical translation of small nucleic acid‐based therapeutics. Additionally, we summarize the latest clinical progress in small nucleic acid‐based therapeutics for the treatment of various diseases, including rare diseases, liver diseases, metabolic diseases, and tumors. Finally, we highlight the future prospects for this promising treatment approach.
Analysing the spatiotemporal variation and influencing factors of Lake Chaohu's CDOM over the past 40 years using machine learning
Authors: Zhang Zijie , Zhang Han , Jin Yifan , Guo Hongwei , Tian Shang , Huang Jinhui Jeanne , Zhu Xiaotong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in aquatic environments is an important component of the biogeochemical cycle and carbon cycle. The aim of this study is to investigate the long‐term changes in CDOM in shallow and eutrophic Chaohu Lake, as well as its relationship with climate, environment and social factors. Using long time series Landsat image data and machine learning technology, the spatiotemporal evolution of Chaohu CDOM since 1987 was reconstructed. A total of 180 samples were collected, which were divided into three parts based on regional and hydrological characteristics. The results show that the water quality in different regions were significantly different, and TN may be the key factor driving the change of CDOM in Chaohu Lake. Machine learning algorithms including random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), neural network (NN), multimodal deep learning (MDL) model and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were used, among which XGBoost model performed best (R2 = 0.955, mean absolute error [MAE] = 0.024 mg/L, root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.036 mg/L, bias = 1.005) and was used for CDOM spatiotemporal variation retrieval. The change of CDOM was seasonal, highest in August (0.67 m−1) and lowest in December (0.48 m−1), and the western lake is the main source of CDOM. Annual variability of the CDOM indicates that it began to decline after the completion of water pollution control in 2000. Temperature changes were closely related to CDOM (P < 0.01) and agricultural non‐point source pollution plays an important role in Chaohu Lake. This study will provide feasible methods and scientific basis for the long‐term remote sensing supervision of CDOM.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Metal Bioaccumulation and Biochemical Biomarkers in Blood of Broad-Snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris) from Northeastern Brasil
Authors: dos Santos Rayssa Lima , Mariz Jr. Célio Freire , Mascarenhas-Júnior Paulo Braga , Barboza Rafael Sá Leitão , dos Santos Ednilza Maranhão , Sousa Correia Jozélia Maria , Carvalho Paulo Sérgio Martins 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Studies on the bioaccumulation and toxicity of contaminants in Crocodylians are scarce. We evaluated alterations in concentrations of the nondestructive biomarkers butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH), together with bioaccumulation of the metals iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chronium (Cr), aluminium (Al), and lead (Pb) in Caiman latirostris captured in Tapacurá Reservoir (TR; São Lourenço da Mata, Pernambuco, Brasil), in urbanized areas of Pernambuco State (UA; Brasil) and from the AME Brasil caiman farm (AF; Marechal Deodoro, Alagoas, Brasil); the latter was used as a potential reference with low levels of contamination. For metal analysis, 500 µL of blood was digested in 65% HNO3 and 30% H2O2. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. For analysis of biomarkers, an aliquot of blood was centrifuged to obtain plasma in which biochemical assays were performed. Blood concentrations of metals analyzed in animals from AF were lower compared with TR and UA, confirming that animals from the caiman farm could be used as references with low levels of contamination. Iron, Cu, Mn, Al, and Pb exceeded toxic levels for other vertebrates in animals from TR and UA. Butyrylcholinesterase activity showed significant reduction in adults from UA and TR compared with AF. An increase in the activity of GST and GSH, in adults of TR and UA in relation to AF, was verified. Superoxide dismutase activity showed a significant reduction in adults of TR in relation to AF, and the concentrations of Cu and Mn were negatively correlated with SOD activity. Animals from UA and TR showed greater concentrations of the analyzed metals compared with reference animals, and changes in biomarkers were seen, confirming the potential of these nondestructive chemical and biological parameters in blood of C. latirostris for biomonitoring of pollution. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:878–895. © 2024 SETAC
Novel Reproduction Toxicity Test Method for Hyalella azteca Using Sexually Mature Amphipods Provides More Robust Data Than Standard Methods in Exposures to Imidacloprid
Authors: Khan Hufsa N. , Bartlett Adrienne J. , Hedges Amanda M. , Prosser Ryan S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hyalella azteca is an epibenthic crustacean used in ecotoxicology, but there are challenges associated with standard methods using reproduction as an endpoint. A novel, 28-day reproduction toxicity test method for H. azteca was created to address these issues by initiating tests with sexually mature amphipods to eliminate the confounding effects of growth, using a sex ratio of seven females to three males to reduce reproductive variability, and conducting tests in water-only conditions to make recovery of juveniles easier and expand testing capabilities to water-soluble compounds. In the present study, we evaluated the 28-day novel method by comparing it with the 42-day standard test method in duplicate and parallel water-only, static-renewal exposures to sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid (0.5–8 µg/L). Both methods showed similar effects on survival, with survival approaching 50% in the highest test concentration (8 µg/L). However, the 42-day median effect concentrations (EC50s) for growth were more sensitive in the standard method (1.5–3.2 µg/L) compared with the 28-day EC50s generated by the novel method (&gt;8 µg/L). Reproduction endpoints (juveniles/female) produced similar EC50s between methods, but the data were less variable in novel tests (smaller coefficients of variation); therefore, fewer replicates would be required to detect effects on reproduction compared with the standard method. In addition, novel tests generated 28 days of reproduction data compared with 14 days using standard tests and allowed survival and growth of sexes to be assessed independently. Thus, the novel method shows promise to improve the use of reproduction as an endpoint in water-only toxicity tests with H. azteca. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:723–735. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Physical activity and associated factors in Australian women during pregnancy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ceprnja Dragana , Chipchase Lucy , Liamputtong Pranee , Gupta Amitabh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedWhilst the benefits of regular physical activity during pregnancy are well known, the few studies conducted in Australian pregnant women suggest that most do not meet recommended exercise guidelines. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviours, and associated factors in Australian pregnant women.MethodsA random sample of pregnant women (N = 780) of (mean [SD]) 31 (5) years of age completed a questionnaire describing weekly physical activity and sedentary behaviours. A number of potential risk factors, including socio‐demographic characteristics and ethnicity, were investigated using logistic regression.ResultsApproximately one‐third (34%) of women were classified as “active”; however, only 7% of women performed the recommended amount of physical activity according to Australian guidelines. Women reported (mean [95% CI]) sitting for 8 (7.8–8.2) hours and lying down during the day for 0.5 (0.5–0.6) hour while pregnant. Being university educated (OR [95% CI]) (2.87 [1.6–4.9]), in paid employment (2.12 [1.14–3.94]) and having a lower body mass index (0.91 [0.87–0.95]) were factors associated with being active.ConclusionAustralian women performed low levels of physical activity during pregnancy and spend long periods of time in sedentary behaviours.So What?There is a strong need for a concerted health promotion strategy to endorse increased physical activity, along with a reduction in sedentary behaviours, during pregnancy to support better maternal outcomes in Australia.
A case of Legionella pneumonia after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Nukaya Takuhisa , Ishikawa Kiyohito , Takahara Kiyoshi , Takenaka Masashi , Zennami Kenji , Ichino Manabu , Sasaki Hitomi , Sumitomo Makoto , Shiroki Ryoichi 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionPostoperative Legionella pneumonia is very rare.Case presentationA 71‐year‐old male patient with prostate cancer (cT2bN0M0) underwent a robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy. On the 5th postoperative day, the patient developed chills and a fever of 39.2°C. Chest radiography revealed decreased permeability in the right middle lung field, leading to the diagnosis of postoperative pneumonia. Antimicrobial therapy was initiated immediately. Blood tests on postoperative day 10 revealed mild liver function abnormalities, electrolyte abnormalities, and a markedly elevated inflammatory response. Legionella pneumonia was suspected based on blood sample results and systemic symptoms, such as diarrhea and nausea. Furthermore, Legionella antigens were detected in the patient's urine, prompting further administration of levofloxacin. The patient's subsequent clinical course was favorable.ConclusionWhen bacterial pneumonia fails to respond to antimicrobial therapy and systemic symptoms develop, atypical pneumonia, caused by pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila, should be considered even in cases of postoperative pneumonia.
Peer desirability and academic achievement
Authors: Mehic Adrian 
Published: February 2024

SummaryUsing the random assignment of university engineering students to peer groups during introductory freshmen weeks, this paper studies how a student's parental income and facial attractiveness affect the grade outcomes of peers. The results show that exposure to highly desirable peers with respect to socioeconomic background and beauty improves grades. The results operate chiefly through a direct spillover channel and also through an indirect marriage market channel, through which exposure to high‐desirability peers improves well‐being. A field experiment suggests that the marriage market mechanism is likely to be limited to students not currently in a romantic relationship.
ToxMPNN: A deep learning model for small molecule toxicity prediction
Authors: Zhou Yini , Ning Chao , Tan Yijun , Li Yaqi , Wang Jiaxu , Shu Yuanyuan , Liang Songping , Liu Zhonghua , Wang Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMachine learning (ML) has shown a great promise in predicting toxicity of small molecules. However, the availability of data for such predictions is often limited. Because of the unsatisfactory performance of models trained on a single toxicity endpoint, we collected toxic small molecules with multiple toxicity endpoints from previous study. The dataset comprises 27 toxic endpoints categorized into seven toxicity classes, namely, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, acute oral toxicity, respiratory toxicity, irritation and corrosion, cardiotoxicity, CYP450, and endocrine disruption. In addition, a binary classification Common‐Toxicity task was added based on the aforementioned dataset. To improve the performance of the models, we added marketed drugs as negative samples. This study presents a toxicity predictive model, ToxMPNN, based on the message passing neural network (MPNN) architecture, aiming to predict the toxicity of small molecules. The results demonstrate that ToxMPNN outperforms other models in capturing toxic features within the molecular structure, resulting in more precise predictions with the ROC_AUC testing score of 0.886 for the Toxicity_drug dataset. Furthermore, it was observed that adding marketed drugs as negative samples not only improves the predictive performance of the binary classification Common‐Toxicity task but also enhances the stability of the model prediction. It shows that the graph‐based deep learning (DL) algorithms in this study can be used as a trustworthy and effective tool to assess small molecule toxicity in the development of new drugs.
Alternating parity weak sequencing
Authors: Costa Simone , Della Fiore Stefano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA subset of a group is ‐weakly sequenceable if there is an ordering of its elements such that the partial sums , given by and for , satisfy whenever and . By Costa et al., it was proved that if the order of a group is then all sufficiently large subsets of the nonidentity elements are ‐weakly sequenceable when is prime, and . Inspired by this result, we show that, if is the semidirect product of and and the subset is balanced, then admits, regardless of its size, an alternating parity ‐weak sequencing whenever is prime and . A subset of is balanced if it contains the same number of even elements and odd elements and an alternating parity ordering alternates even and odd elements. Then using a hybrid approach that combines both Ramsey theory and the probabilistic method we also prove, for groups that are semidirect products of a generic (nonnecessarily abelian) group and , that all sufficiently large balanced subsets of the nonidentity elements admit an alternating parity ‐weak sequencing. The same procedure works also for studying the weak sequenceability for generic sufficiently large (not necessarily balanced) sets. Here we have been able to prove that, if the size of a subset of a group is large enough and if does not contain 0, then is ‐weakly sequenceable.
Profile of matrix‐entrapped extracellular vesicles of microenvironmental and infiltrating cell origin in decellularized colorectal cancer and adjacent mucosa
Authors: Tassinari Sarah , D'Angelo Edoardo , Caicci Federico , Grange Cristina , Burrello Jacopo , Fassan Matteo , Brossa Alessia , Bao Riccardo Quoc , Spolverato Gaya , Agostini Marco , Collino Federica , Bussolati Benedetta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCellular elements that infiltrate and surround tumours and pre‐metastatic tissues have a prominent role in tumour invasion and growth. The extracellular vesicles specifically entrapped and stored within the extracellular matrix (ECM‐EVs) may reflect the different populations of the tumour microenvironment and their change during tumour progression. However, their profile is at present unknown. To elucidate this aspect, we isolated and characterized EVs from decellularized surgical specimens of colorectal cancer and adjacent colon mucosa and analyzed their surface marker profile. ECM‐EVs in tumours and surrounding mucosa mainly expressed markers of lymphocytes, natural killer cells, antigen‐presenting cells, and platelets, as well as epithelial cells, representing a multicellular microenvironment. No difference in surface marker expression was observed between tumour and mucosa ECM‐EVs in stage II‐III tumours. At variance, in the colon mucosa adjacent to stage IV carcinomas, ECM‐EV profile showed a significantly increased level of immune, epithelial and platelet markers in comparison to the matrix of the corresponding tumour. The increase of EVs from immune cells and platelets was not observed in the mucosa adjacent to low‐stage tumours. In addition, CD25, a T‐lymphocyte marker, resulted specifically overexpressed by ECM‐EVs from stage IV carcinomas, possibly correlated with the pro‐tolerogenic environment found in the corresponding tumour tissue. These results outline the tissue microenvironmental profile of EVs in colorectal carcinoma‐derived ECM and unveil a profound change in the healthy mucosa adjacent to high‐stage tumours.
Genome editing in Acinetobacter baumannii through enhanced natural transformation
Authors: Yilmaz Ilknur , Ozbek Tulin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii, a multidrug‐resistant bacterium has become a significant cause of life‐threatening infections acquired in hospitals worldwide. The existing drugs used to treat A. baumannii infections are rapidly losing efficacy, and the increasing antimicrobial resistance, which is expected to turn into a global health crisis, underscores the urgency to develop novel prevention and treatment strategies. We reasoned that the discovery of novel virulence targets for vaccine and therapy interventions requires a more enhanced method for the introduction of multiple elements of foreign DNA for genome editing than the current methods of natural transformation techniques. Herein, we employed a novel and a much‐improved enhanced technique for the natural transformation of elements of the genome editing system CRISPR‐Cas9 to suppress specific genomic regions linked to selectively suppress bacterial virulence. We modified the genome of the laboratory‐adapted strain of A. baumannii BAA‐747 by targeting the AmpC, as a marker gene, for disruption by three different genomic manipulation strategies, and created mutant strains of A. baumannii that are, at least, fourfold susceptible to ampicillin. This work has established an optimized enhanced natural transformation system that enables efficient genome editing of pathogenic bacteria in a laboratory setting, providing a valuable future tool for exploring the function of unidentified virulence genes in bacterial genomes.
The role of bone remodeling in measuring migration of custom implants for large acetabular defects
Authors: De Angelis Sara , Di Laura Anna , Ramesh Angelika , Henckel Johann , Hart Alister 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn revision total hip arthroplasty, achieving robust fixation is difficult and implant movement may occur over time. Bone may also rearrange around the implant as a result of mechanical loading, making the measurement of migration challenging. The study aimed to quantify changes in bone shape and implant position 1 year following acetabular reconstruction using custom three‐dimensional‐printed cups. This observational retrospective cohort study involved 23 patients with Paprosky type IIIB defects. Postop computed tomography scans taken within 1 week of surgery and at 1‐year postsurgery were co‐registered and analyzed. Three co‐registration strategies were implemented including bone‐to‐bone and implant‐to‐implant. (1) Co‐registration of the ipsilateral innominate bone (diseased anatomy) was used to measure changes in implant position. (2) Co‐registration of the implant was carried out to quantify changes in the ipsilateral innominate bone shape. (3) Co‐registration of the contralateral innominate bone (nondiseased anatomy) was performed to measure changes in the ipsilateral innominate bone shape and implant position. The median centroid distances (interquartile range [IQR]) were 2.3 mm (IQR: 3.7–1.7 mm) for changes in implant position, 2.4 mm (IQR: 3.6–1.6 mm) for changes in ipsilateral innominate bone shape, and 3.7 mm (IQR: 4.6–3.5 mm) for changes in ipsilateral innominate bone shape and implant position. Following acetabular reconstruction, implant movements and periprosthetic bone remodeling are physiological and of a similar extent. Surgeons and engineers should consider this when performing implant monitoring in these patients.