bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversal of neurological deficit after chemotherapy in BCL-6–positive neurolymphomatosis
Authors: Peruzzi Pierpaolo , Ray-Chaudhuri Abhik , Slone Wayne H. , Mekhjian Hagop S. , Porcu Pierluigi , Chiocca E. Antonio 
Published: February 2009

Neurolymphomatosis, the infiltration of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) by malignant lymphatic cells, is a rare condition whose prognosis and treatment are not fully characterized. The authors report the case of a 69-year-old, previously healthy man who had a 1-month history of progressive pain in his right arm and associated weakness of several muscles of the right upper extremity when they first examined him. Initial MR imaging of the right brachial plexus showed no abnormalities, but over 3 months, symptoms gradually progressed to almost complete plegia of his right upper extremity. Subsequent MR imaging of his right brachial plexus showed an enhancing mass of the posterior cord of the plexus that encroached on the other cords. Positron emission tomography confirmed the presence of a hypermetabolic lesion in the right axillary region and also detected an asymptomatic hot spot in the gastric wall. Biopsy of the gastric lesion demonstrated a CD20+, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that was immunohistochemically positive for BCL-6 and negative for p16. The patient underwent 6 cycles of dose-adjusted etoposide-vincristine-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide-prednisone (EPOCH) and rituximab, intermixed with 3 cycles of high-dose intravenous and intrathecal methotrexate, and followed by 6 monthly doses of rituximab for consolidation. Follow-up MR imaging and PET of the plexus showed complete radiological response after 3 months of treatment, as demonstrated by normalization of brachial plexus caliber, contrast enhancement, and metabolic activity.
Twenty-eight months after symptom onset and 20 months after beginning therapy, the patient was disease-free, had recovered most upper extremity neurological function, and had only minimal remaining weakness of the right wrist and finger extension.
Characterization of functional outcome and quality of life following subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients treated with and without nicardipine prolonged-release implants
Authors: Barth Martin , Thomé Claudius , Schmiedek Peter , Weiss Christel , Kasuya Hidetoshi , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: February 2009

Object
The use of nicardipine prolonged-release implants (NPRIs) is associated with a significant improvement in the therapy of patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) regarding the occurrence and severity of cerebral vasospasm, new infarcts, and functional outcome (FO). Because quality of life (QOL) measurements more reliably seem to describe the patient's true condition, the present study was conducted to assess FO and QOL 1 year after aneurysm rupture in patients with and without NPRIs.

Methods
From the initial series of 32 patients, 18 were assessed 1 year after aSAH (7 of the control and 11 of the NPRI group). The patients underwent neurological investigation, a structured interview followed by a measurement of QOL (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]; 36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]; and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). There were no intergroup differences in the patient characteristics (that is, localization of aneurysm, initial Hunt and Hess grade, or age).

Results
In addition to the previously reported improvement of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale scores, the NPRI group's Karnofsky Performance Scale and the MMSE scores were markedly to significantly improved (p < 0.05 [Karnofsky Performance Scale] and p = 0.053 [MMSE]). In contrast, anxiety, oblivion, and mild symptoms of depression were equally present in both study groups (p = 0.607 [anxiety]; p = 0.732 [oblivion]; and p = 0.509 [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale]). Furthermore, no intergroup differences were observed in any of the SF-36 domains. The scores in the SF-36 domains of Role-Physical, Vitality, and Role-Emotional were significantly reduced in the NRPI group compared with those observed in an age-matched control population (p < 0.001 [Role-Physical]; p = 0.001 [vitality]; and p = 0.01 [Role-Emotional]). Considering consequent costs, no difference was detectable regarding the duration of in- and outpatient rehabilitation (p = 0.135 and 0.171, respectively) or the Prolo score (p = 0.094).

Conclusions
Despite FO improvement in terms of a lower incidence of cerebral vasospasm, new infarcts, morbidity in the treatment of aSAH in patients with NPRIs, a patient's QOL seems to be related to the severity of the aSAH itself.
The Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of Lignin to Produce Hydroxyaromatic Benzaldehydes and Carboxylic Acids via Metal/Bromide Catalysts in Acetic Acid/Water Mixtures
Authors: Partenheimer Walt 
Published: February 2009

Abstractmagnified imageRoughly 30% of all woody plants is composed of lignin. Five different lignin samples, from wood and bagasse, were oxidized in air with a cobalt/manganese/zirconium/bromide (Co/Mn/Zr/Br) catalyst in acetic acid as a function of time, temperature, pressure, and lignin and catalyst concentrations. 18 products were identified via gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The most valuable products from lignin were 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzoic acid (vanillic acid), 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxybenzaldehyde (syringaldehyde) and 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxybenzoic acid (syringic acid). 10.9 wt% of the lignin was converted to the aromatic products. By the use of model compounds we demonstrate that 1) the presence of the phenolic functionality on an aromatic ring does inhibit the rate of reaction but that the alkyl group on the ring still does oxidize to the carboxylic acid, 2) that the masking of phenol by acetylation occurs at a reasonable rate in acetic acid, 3) that the alkyl group of the masked phenol does very readily oxidize, 4) that an acetic anhydride/acetic acid mixture is a good oxidation solvent and 5) that a two‐step acetylation/oxidation to the carboxylic acid is feasible.
Atypical X‐chromosome inactivation in an X;1 translocation patient demonstrating Xq28 functional disomy
Authors: Cottrell Catherine E. , Sommer Annemarie , Wenger Gail D. , Bullard Steven , Busch Tamara , Krahn Katherine Nash , Lidral Andrew C. , Gastier‐Foster Julie M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractX‐chromosome inactivation (XCI) is an epigenetic process used to regulate gene dosage in mammalian females by silencing genes on one X‐chromosome. While the pattern of XCI is typically random in normal females, abnormalities of the X‐chromosome may result in skewing due to disadvantaged cell growth. We describe a female patient with an X;1 translocation [46,X,t(X;1)(q28;q21)] and unusual pattern of XCI who demonstrates functional disomy of the Xq28 region distal to the translocation breakpoint. There was complete skewing of XCI in the patient, along with the atypical findings of an active normal X chromosome and an inactive derivative X. Characterization of the translocation revealed that the patient's Xq28 breakpoint interrupts the DKC1 gene. Molecular analysis of the breakpoint region revealed functional disomy of Xq28 genes distal to DKC1. We propose that atypical XCI occurred in the patient due to a post‐inactivation cell selection mechanism likely initiated by disruption of DKC1. As a result, the pattern of XCI is opposite that of the expected for an X;autosome translocation. Therefore, we suggest the phenotypic abnormalities found in the patient are a result of functional disomy in the Xq28 region. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic association studies of methamphetamine use disorders: A systematic review and synthesis
Authors: Bousman Chad A. , Glatt Stephen J. , Everall Ian P. , Tsuang Ming T. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEfforts to understand the biological processes that increase susceptibility to methamphetamine (METH) use disorders (i.e., abuse, dependence, and psychosis) have uncovered several putative genotypic variants. However, to date a synthesis of this information has not been conducted. Thus, systematic searches of the current literature were undertaken for genetic‐association studies of METH use disorders. Each gene's chromosomal location, function, and examined polymorphic markers were extracted. Frequencies, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risk alleles, as well as sample size and power, were calculated. We uncovered 38 studies examining 39 genes, of which 18 were found to have a significant genotypic, allelic, and/or haplotypic association with METH use disorders. Three genes (COMT,DRD4, andGABRA1) were associated with METH abuse, nine (ARRB2,BDNF,CYP2D6,GLYT1,GSTM1,GSTP1,PDYN,PICK1, andSLC22A3) with METH dependence, two (AKT1andGABRG2) with METH abuse/dependence, and four (DTNBP1,OPRM1,SNCA, andSOD2) with METH psychosis. Limitations related to phenotypic classification, statistical power, and potential publication bias in the current literature were noted. Similar to other behavioral, psychiatric, and substance use disorders, the genetic epidemiology of METH use disorders is complex and likely polygenic. National and international collaborative efforts are needed to increase the availability of large population‐based samples and improve upon the power to detect genetic associations of small magnitude. Further, replication of the findings reviewed here along with further development of more rigorous methodologies and reporting protocols will aid in delineating the complex genetic epidemiology of METH use disorders. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly Sensitive Determination of microRNA Using Target‐Primed and Branched Rolling‐Circle Amplification
Authors: Cheng Yongqiang , Zhang Xian , Li Zhengping , Jiao Xiaoxia , Wang Yucong , Zhang Yali 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSchon ein unterschiedliches Nucleotid in Mikro‐RNAs (miRNAs) wird in einem Assay erfasst, der auf verzweigter Rolling‐Circle‐Amplifizierung (BRCA) und einer Fluoreszenzquantifizierungstechnik beruht. Die Methode diskriminiert miRNA schon ab Konzentrationen von 10 fM und kann miRNA in RNA‐Proben von wenigen Nanogramm bestimmen.magnified image
Suboxide mit komplexen Anionen: das Suboxoindat Cs9InO4
Authors: Hoch Constantin , Bender Johannes , Simon Arndt 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGesalzenes Metall: Im Suboxometallat Cs9InO4 liegen metallische Caesium‐Säulen (im Bild blau) neben ionischen Oxoindat(III)‐Säulen vor. Die Chemie der Suboxide ist damit um Strukturen mit komplexen Anionen erweitert.magnified image
Controlled release of naproxen from sodium alginate and poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate blend beads crosslinked with glutaraldehyde
Authors: Şanlı Oya , Solak Ebru Kondolot 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this study, polymeric beads of sodium alginate (NaAlg) and its blend with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (2.5% v/v) and hydrochloric acid (3% v/v) for the release of naproxen sodium (NS). The prepared beads were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pictures of the beads were determined with an optic microscope. The release studies were carried out at three pH values (1.2, 6.8, and 7.4) for 2 h. The effects of the preparation conditions, including the PVA/NaAlg (w/w) ratio, drug/polymer (w/w) ratio, and time of exposure to the crosslinker, on the release of NS were investigated for 10 h at 37°C. The release of NS decreased with the PVA/NaAlg (w/w) ratio and drug/polymer ratio increasing. At the end of 10 h, the highest release of NS was found to be 84% for the 1/2 PVA/NaAlg (w/w) ratio. The swelling measurements of the beads supported the release results. The release kinetics were described with Fickian and non‐Fickian approaches. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
New fluorene–pyrazino[2,3‐g]quinoxaline‐conjugated copolymers: Synthesis, optoelectronic properties, and electroluminescence characteristics
Authors: Cheng Kai‐Fang , Lai Mei‐Hsiu , Wang Chih‐Feng , Wu Wen‐Chung , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNew donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers called poly}2,7‐(9,9′‐dihexylfluorene)‐co‐5,10‐[pyrazino(2,3‐g)quinoxaline]{s or PFPQs [where F represents the 2,7‐(9,9′‐dihexylfluorene) moiety and PQ represents the 5,10‐(pyrazino[2,3‐g]quinoxaline) moiety], synthesized by the palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction, are reported. The PQ contents in the PFPQ copolymers were 0.3, 1, 5, and 50 mol %, and the resulting copolymers were named PFPQ0.3, PFPQ01, PFPQ05, and PFPQ50, respectively. Absorption spectra showed a progressive redshift as the PQ acceptor content increased. The relatively small optical band gap of 2.08 eV for PFPQ50 suggested strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) between the F and PQ moieties. The photoluminescence emission peaks of the PFPQ copolymer films also exhibited a large redshift with enhanced PQ contents, ranging from 551 nm for PFPQ0.3 to 592 nm for PFPQ50. However, the PFPQ copolymer based electroluminescence (EL) devices showed poor device performances probably due to the strong confinement of the electrons in the PQ moiety or significant ICT. This problem was resolved with a binary blend of poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)] (PF) and PFPQ with a volume ratio of 95/5 (BPQ05). Multiple emission peaks were observed at 421, 444, 480, 516, and 567 nm in the BPQ05‐based EL devices because the low PQ content led to incomplete energy transfer. The Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage 1931 coordinates of the BPQ05‐based EL device were (0.31, 0.32), which were very close to the standard white emission of (0.33, 0.33). Furthermore, the maximum luminescence intensity and luminescence yield were 524 cd/m2 and 0.33 cd/A, respectively. This study suggested that a pure white light emission was achieved with the PFPQ copolymers or PF/PFPQ blends through the control of the energy transfer between F and PQ. Such PFPQ copolymers or PF/PFPQ blends would be interesting for electronic and optoelectronic devices. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation of polymerized soybean oil and soy‐based polyols
Authors: Lozada Zuleica , Suppes Galen J. , Hsieh Fu‐Hung , Lubguban Arnold , Tu Yuan‐Chan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn the absence of polymerization, soy‐based polyols tend to have inadequate hydroxyl equivalent molecular weights for many critical urethane applications. In this article, the polymerization (bodying) of soybean oil is presented as an effective method to increase the molecular weight of soy‐based polyols. When bodying is combined with reaction steps for alcohol addition and acid reduction, soy‐based polyols suitable for urethane applications can be synthesized. Two different heat‐polymerization approaches, catalyzed‐ and noncatalyzed‐bodied soybean oil (BSBO) were evaluated in continuous and batch processing. The catalyzed‐BSBO has lower iodine numbers and high viscosities than the noncatalyzed‐BSBO. This approach represents one of the least‐costly means to increase the hydroxyl equivalent weights of soy‐based polyols. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis of some new 2‐[(2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene) hydrazinyl]‐4‐methylthiazole derivatives for simultaneous dyeing and finishing for UV protective cotton fabrics
Authors: Abdel‐Wahab Bakr F. , Gaffer H. E. , Fouda Moustafa M. G. , Osman E. M. , Fahmy H. M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSeveral 2‐[1‐(1,2‐dihydroinden‐3‐ylidene) hydrazono]‐5‐aryldiazo‐4‐methyl‐1,3‐thiazoles were synthesized by reaction of 1‐(1,2‐Dihydroinden‐3‐ylidene) thiosemicarbazide with different hydrazonyl chlorides. The products are water insoluble and UV absorbers, expressed UPF‐rating values, and their H2O/DMF solutions were used in simultaneous dyeing and resin finishing of cotton fabrics. Results obtained show that finishing of cotton samples in presence of any of that dyes, irrespective of dye concentration, brings about an improvement in percent nitrogen, wrinkle recovery angle (WRA), dyeability, and UV protection rating values along with slight decrease of tensile strength (TS) compared with the untreated samples. Irrespective of dye structure, increasing the dye concentration from 0.5 and up to 1.7% results in an improvement in the percent nitrogen, TS and a remarkable improvement in both the dyeability, UPF‐rating values along with slight decrease in WRA and lower fastness properties of the treated fabrics. The treated fabrics was characterized using energy dispersive X‐ray analysis indicating the entrapped dye within the fabric structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Thermal and fire degradation of recycled and polluted polypropylene‐based materials
Authors: Delaval Damien , Casetta Mathilde , Delobel Rene , Traisnel Michel , Guillet Jacques , Raveyre Claude , Bourbigot Serge 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this study, the effect of processing cycles and two pollutants (engine oil (HM) and ethylene glycol (EG)) on the thermal and rheological properties of polypropylene‐based materials (108MF97 and 7510) has been studied. It was investigated if polymers coming from bumper face bar could keep their properties and can be reused after recycling. The different results demonstrate that the two polymers that were polluted and recycled do not show any decrease of their intrinsic properties. Moreover, for one of the two polymers (108MF97), the presence of engine oil enables to increase the thermal stability and reaction to fire. Finally, it appears that the reuse of such polymers is possible. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Dynamic mechanical properties and morphological structure of PS/EPDM blends prepared by in situ‐polymerization of styrene
Authors: Lourenço Emerson , Gonçalves Maria do Carmo , Felisberti Maria Isabel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPS/EPDM blends prepared by in situ‐polymerization of styrene in the presence of EPDM are immiscible and show two phases. Furthermore, the dynamic mechanical behavior of injected specimens is quite different from that of noninjected blends. This is attributed to the differences in morphology before and after injection molding. The morphology of the noninjected blends consists of PS spherical domains covered by a thin layer of EPDM, whereas the injected blends show elastomeric dispersed phase morphology in a rigid matrix. SEM analysis was important to elucidate the changes in the dynamic mechanical behavior of PS/EPDM blends, but TEM analysis is more precise for morphological characterization and yielded the real average diameter of EPDM particles. Comparing the average diameters for the PS/EPDM blends obtained from SEM and TEM analyses, the diameters obtained from the SEM analysis are wider than those of TEM which is due to the solvent extraction effect on the blend morphology. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Are circle hooks effective in reducing incidental captures of loggerhead sea turtles in a Mediterranean longline fishery?
Authors: Piovano Susanna , Swimmer Yonat , Giacoma Cristina 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
A known fishing hot spot for loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Mediterranean Sea is in the waters of the Strait of Sicily where interactions with fish hooks and branchlines are believed to be a major cause of mortality for sea turtles.
Hooks with different shapes but a similar gape width (circle hook size 16/0 vs J hook size 2) were tested in order to determine the potential effectiveness of the hook design to both reduce sea turtle capture as well as to maintain acceptable levels of target species capture rates in a shallow‐set longline swordfish fishery in the Mediterranean.
Seven experimental fishing trips, 30 000 hooks total, were conducted on a single commercial fishing vessel (18 m in length) in the Strait of Sicily during the months of July through October over a period of three years from 2005 to 2007. Circle and J hooks were alternated along the mainline.
A total of 26 sea turtles were hooked, all immature‐size Caretta caretta. Turtles were caught at a statistically greater frequency on J hooks than on circle hooks. The capture rate, weight, and upper jaw fork length of the target species were not significantly different between the two types of hooks employed.
Five sea turtles swallowed the hook and in all such cases these were J type. Circle hooks tended to be located externally and were more easily detected by fishermen, and could be removed with the correct dehooking action before returning the turtle to the sea.
These findings suggest that 16/0 circle hooks can effectively reduce the incidental capture of immature loggerhead sea turtles in a Mediterranean swordfish longline fishery without affecting the catch size of the target species.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trend estimation of financial time series
Authors: Guerrero Víctor M. , Galicia‐Vázquez Adriana 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe propose to decompose a financial time series into trend plus noise by means of the exponential smoothing filter. This filter produces statistically efficient estimates of the trend that can be calculated by a straightforward application of the Kalman filter. It can also be interpreted in the context of penalized least squares as a function of a smoothing constant has to be minimized by trading off fitness against smoothness of the trend. The smoothing constant is crucial to decide the degree of smoothness and the problem is how to choose it objectively. We suggest a procedure that allows the user to decide at the outset the desired percentage of smoothness and derive from it the corresponding value of that constant. A definition of smoothness is first proposed as well as an index of relative precision attributable to the smoothing element of the time series. The procedure is extended to series with different frequencies of observation, so that comparable trends can be obtained for say, daily, weekly or intraday observations of the same variable. The theoretical results are derived from an integrated moving average model of order (1, 1) underlying the statistical interpretation of the filter. Expressions of equivalent smoothing constants are derived for series generated by temporal aggregation or systematic sampling of another series. Hence, comparable trend estimates can be obtained for the same time series with different lengths, for different time series of the same length and for series with different frequencies of observation of the same variable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expansion velocities and kinematic ages of Compact Symmetric Objects
Authors: Polatidis A.G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe measurement of expansion velocities in Compact Symmetric Objects, and the calculation of their kinematic ages, showed that the age of these radio sources was of the order of a few hundred to a few thousand years. Further monitoring has proven this trait, but there are also indications of recurrent activity in some CSOs. However, there are many cases where accurate kinematic measurements are not easy to obtain (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transverse motions in CSOs?
Authors: Stanghellini C. , Dallacasa D. , Venturi T. , An T. , Hong X.Y. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe measurement of proper motions in CSOs is a powerful tool to determine the dynamical evolution of the newly born extragalactic radio sources.We observed 3 CSOs with the VLBA in 2004 and in 2006 to monitor changes in their structure and measure the separation velocity of the hot spots. It is important to increase the size of the samples of CSOs with measured expansion velocity to test the existence of frustrated objects, and put stringent constraints on the current models. We found for all the three objects observed a transverse motion of the hot‐spots, and we suggest as the more likely explanation a precession in the jet axis. This behaviour likely inhibits or at least slows down the radio source growth because the head of the hot‐spot continuously hits new regions of the ISM. Therefore these radio sources may represent an old population of GPS/CSOs (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)