bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Privatization on Healthcare System: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alayed Tareq M. , Alrumeh Assem S. , Alkanhal Ibrahim A. , Alhuthil Raghad T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
A notable shift in healthcare policy is healthcare privatization, which refers to the transfer of ownership, management, or provision of healthcare services from the public sector to private entities.

Objectives:
To provide a narrative examination of the impact of privatization on various dimensions of healthcare, including quality, equity, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. Policymakers can utilize the findings of this study to make well-informed decisions regarding privatization strategies.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review was implemented using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies conducted from January 2000 to January 2023 in developing or developed countries that assessed the impact of healthcare privatization on population health within public sector institutions were included.

Results:
Eleven studies were included. The findings revealed diverse perspectives on the impact of healthcare privatization, with four studies (36.4%) supporting privatization (two of these were conducted in Saudi Arabia), six studies (54.5%) opposing it (three of these were conducted in European countries), and one study (9.1%) taking a neutral stance. Two studies investigated the impact on healthcare quality, and both revealed that privatization negatively impacts uninsured patients and low-income populations. In addition, five studies investigated the healthcare access and equity dimensions following privatization: one was in favor, one was neutral, and three were opposing it. Four studies investigated the cost-effectiveness dimension, with three in favor and one study opposing it.

Conclusion:
This review highlights different perspectives on healthcare privatization. While studies, as those from Saudi Arabia, suggest benefits in terms of efficiency and innovation, others, particularly from European countries, emphasize negative consequences such as inequity and reduced quality. This emphasizes the need for more investigations to understand privatization’s impact on healthcare.
Exploring Mental Fatigue and Burnout in the Workplace: A Survival Analysis Approach
Authors: Eswar Reddy R , K Santhi 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Employee burnout is a prevalent concern in contemporary workplaces, adversely impacting both individual well-being and organizational productivity.
OBJECTIVES: In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of a dataset focusing on mental fatigue and burnout among employees, employing various survival analysis techniques including Kaplan Meier, Nelson-Aalen, and Cox proportional-hazards models, as well as Frailty Models and Competing Risks Analysis.
METHODS: This research underscored significant associations between mental fatigue, burnout, and adverse outcomes, emphasizing the critical need for early identification and intervention. Kaplan Meier analysis revealed differences in survival probabilities, while Nelson-Aalen analysis depicted cumulative hazard functions over time. Cox proportional-hazards models identified mental fatigue and burnout as significant predictors of adverse events, supported by Frailty Models accounting for individual-level variability. Additionally, Competing Risks Analysis elucidated the simultaneous occurrence of multiple adverse events among employees experiencing burnout.
RESULTS: This research underscored significant associations between mental fatigue, burnout, and adverse outcomes, emphasizing the critical need for early identification and intervention. Kaplan Meier analysis revealed differences in survival probabilities, while Nelson-Aalen analysis depicted cumulative hazard functions over time. Cox proportional-hazards models identified mental fatigue and burnout as significant predictors of adverse events, supported by Frailty Models accounting for individual-level variability. Additionally, Competing Risks Analysis elucidated the simultaneous occurrence of multiple adverse events among employees experiencing burnout.
CONCLUSION: This study contributes valuable insights into understanding and addressing mental fatigue in the workplace, highlighting the importance of evidence-based interventions to support employee well-being and organizational resilience. The insights gained from this analysis inform evidence-based strategies for mitigating burnout-related risks and promoting a healthier work environment.
LEADERSHIP IN GLOBAL HEALTH: NAVIGATING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPACTFUL OUTCOMES IN AFRICA AND SRI LANKA
Authors: Tolulope Odugbose  , Bisola Oluwafadekemi Adegoke  , Christiana Adeyemi  
Published: April 2024

Effective leadership is paramount in addressing the complex challenges and harnessing the opportunities in global health, particularly in regions such as Africa and Sri Lanka. This review explores the multifaceted dimensions of leadership within the context of global health, highlighting the unique challenges and opportunities faced by these regions. In Africa, leadership in global health is confronted with a myriad of challenges including limited resources, political instability, and infrastructural deficiencies. The burden of infectious diseases, inadequate healthcare access, and socio-economic disparities further exacerbate the complexities. However, amidst these challenges lie opportunities for transformative leadership. Visionary leaders can leverage partnerships, innovative technologies, and community engagement to strengthen health systems, promote preventive healthcare, and address the root causes of health inequities. Similarly, in Sri Lanka, leadership in global health faces its own set of challenges and opportunities. Despite notable achievements in healthcare infrastructure and disease control, the country grapples with emerging health threats, non-communicable diseases, and disparities in healthcare access. Effective leadership is essential in mobilizing resources, fostering intersectoral collaboration, and implementing evidence-based interventions to ensure equitable health outcomes for all segments of the population. In both regions, transformative leadership in global health necessitates a multidisciplinary approach that integrates political commitment, scientific innovation, and community participation. Leaders must possess strong communication skills, cultural competence, and a deep understanding of local contexts to navigate the intricate socio-political landscapes. Furthermore, fostering leadership capacity at all levels of the healthcare system is crucial for sustainability and resilience in the face of evolving health challenges. By examining the challenges and opportunities for leadership in global health within the contexts of Africa and Sri Lanka, this review underscores the importance of visionary leadership in driving impactful outcomes. Empowering leaders to navigate complexities, foster collaboration, and innovate solutions is essential for advancing the global health agenda and achieving health equity on a global scale.
Keywords: Leadership, Global Health, Africa, Sri Lanka, Healthcare, Review
HARNESSING DATA INSIGHTS FOR CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH: LESSONS LEARNED AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: Arenike Patricia Adekugbe  , Chidera Victoria Ibeh  
Published: April 2024

The effective management of crises in U.S. public health relies heavily on harnessing insights from data. This paper examines the lessons learned from past crises and outlines future directions for leveraging data to enhance crisis management efforts. Drawing on case studies of significant events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters, we analyze the role of data in informing decision-making, identifying challenges, and deriving best practices. Despite the advancements in data infrastructure, including real-time monitoring systems and predictive analytics, there remain significant challenges in data collection, integration, and analysis. The paper highlights the importance of improving data governance, investing in technology, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to address these challenges. Additionally, considerations such as equity and privacy are crucial in the development and implementation of data-driven strategies. Looking ahead, the paper provides recommendations for enhancing crisis management practices, including the adoption of standardized data protocols, the development of early warning systems, and the promotion of data-driven decision-making processes. By prioritizing data-driven approaches and embracing continuous learning, stakeholders can better prepare for and respond to future public health crises. This paper serves as a roadmap for policymakers, public health officials, and researchers to optimize data utilization in crisis management, ultimately safeguarding the well-being of communities across the United States.
Keywords: Data Insights, Crisis Management, in U.S. Public Health, Lessons Learned, Future Directions.
Follow-Up Care for Neurological Outpatients
Authors: Тютюнник В. Б. , Сазиков Р. С. , Тунян Э. Г. , Клюс Л. Г. 
Published: April 2024

исследование фокусируется на анализе проблематики амбулаторного наблюдения за неврологическими пациентами, подчеркивая трудности, возникающие при долгосрочном мониторинге и обмене информацией между пациентом и лечащим врачом. Особое внимание уделено промежуткам времени между визитами к специалисту, так называемому «темному периоду», который может способствовать ряду проблем, негативно сказывающихся на эффективности терапии и благополучии пациента. В работе обозначены недостатки привычных методик и предложены новаторские решения, включая применение телемедицины и мобильных приложений, целью которых является усовершенствование ухода и улучшение мониторинга состояния больных. Анализируется использование смартфонов с многочисленными датчиками для сбора актуальных данных о здоровье пациента и их последующей передачи медицинским работникам для получения всесторонней клинической картины. Несмотря на отсутствие готовой специализированной платформы, рассмотрение и потенциальное использование существующих технологических решений открывает значительные перспективы для оптимизации лечебного процесса и минимизации рисков, ассоциированных с неврологическими расстройствами
this study investigates the challenges associated with outpatient care for neurological patients, with a particular focus on the obstacles encountered in long-term management and communication between patients and their healthcare providers. It highlights the ”dark period” between specialist visits, a time that may lead to various issues adversely affecting the efficacy of treatments and patient health. The research critiques traditional approaches and introduces innovative strategies for enhancing care and continuous patient observation. These include leveraging telemedicine and mobile technologies for better care delivery and utilizing smartphones with integrated sensors to collect and transmit real-time health data to medical professionals, thereby offering a more complete clinical overview. The paper concludes by noting the current lack of a dedicated platform but underscores the promising potential of existing solutions to improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce the risks associated with neurological conditions
Decision Support System version 1.0 (DSS v1.0) for air quality management in Delhi, India
Authors: Govardhan Gaurav , Ghude Sachin D. , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Sumit , Gunwani Preeti , Jena Chinmay , Yadav Prafull , Ingle Shubhangi , Debnath Sreyashi , Pawar Pooja , Acharja Prodip , Jat Rajmal , Kalita Gayatry , Ambulkar Rupal , Kulkarni Santosh , Kaginalkar Akshara , Soni Vijay K. , Nanjundiah Ravi S. , Rajeevan Madhavan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This paper discusses the newly developed Decision Support System version 1.0 (DSS v1.0) for air quality management activities in Delhi, India. In addition to standard air quality forecasts, DSS provides the contribution of Delhi, its surrounding districts, and stubble-burning fires in the neighboring states of Punjab and Haryana to the PM2.5 load in Delhi. DSS also quantifies the effects of local and neighborhood emission-source-level interventions on the pollution load in Delhi. The DSS-simulated Air Quality Index for the post-monsoon and winter seasons of 2021–2022 shows high accuracy (up to 80 %) and a very low false alarm ratio (∼ 20 %) from day 1 to day 5 of the forecasts, especially when the ambient air quality index (AQI) is > 300. During the post-monsoon season (winter season), emissions from Delhi, the rest of the National Capital Region (NCR)'s districts, biomass-burning activities, and all other remaining regions on average contribute 34.4 % (33.4 %), 31 % (40.2 %), 7.3 % (0.1 %), and 27.3 % (26.4 %), respectively, to the PM2.5 load in Delhi. During peak pollution events (stubble-burning periods or wintertime), however, the contribution from the main sources (farm fires in Punjab–Haryana or local sources within Delhi) could reach 65 %–69 %. According to DSS, a 20 % (40 %) reduction in anthropogenic emissions across all NCR districts would result in a 12 % (24 %) reduction in PM2.5 in Delhi on a seasonal mean basis. DSS is a critical tool for policymakers because it provides such information daily through a single simulation with a plethora of emission reduction scenarios.
Similar Medium-Term Revision Rates Following Acute Total Hip Arthroplasty Versus Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Acetabular Fractures in the Elderly
Authors: Upfill-Brown Alexander , Shi Brendan , Mooney Bailey , Chiou Daniel , Brodke Dane , Shah Akash A. , Kelley Benjamin V. , Mayer Erik N. , Devana Sai K. , Lee Christopher , SooHoo Nelson F. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The management of elderly acetabular fractures is complex, with high rates of conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), but potentially higher rates of complications after acute THA.

Methods:
The California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database was queried between 2010 and 2017 for all patients aged 60 years or older who sustained a closed, isolated acetabular fracture and underwent ORIF, THA, or a combination. Chi-square tests and Student t tests were used to identify demographic differences between groups. Multivariate regression was used to evaluate predictors of 30-day readmission and 90-day complications. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate the revision surgery-free survival (revision-free survival [RFS]), with revision surgery defined as conversion THA, revision ORIF, or revision THA.

Results:
A total of 2,184 surgically managed acetabular fractures in elderly patients were identified, with 1,637 (75.0%) undergoing ORIF and 547 (25.0%) undergoing THA with or without ORIF. Median follow-up was 295 days (interquartile range, 13 to 1720 days). 99.4% of revisions following ORIF were for conversion arthroplasty. Unadjusted KM analysis showed no difference in RFS between ORIF and THA (log-rank test P = 0.27). RFS for ORIF patients was 95.1%, 85.8%, 78.3%, and 71.4% at 6, 12, 24 and 60 months, respectively. RFS for THA patients was 91.6%, 88.9%, 87.2%, and 78.8% at 6, 12, 24 and 60 months, respectively. Roughly 50% of revisions occurred within the first year postoperatively (49% for ORIF, 52% for THA). In propensity score-matched analysis, there was no difference between RFS on KM analysis (P = 0.22).

Conclusions:
No difference was observed in medium-term RFS between acute THA and ORIF for elderly acetabular fractures in California. Revision surgeries for either conversion or revision THA were relatively common in both groups, with roughly half of all revisions occurring within the first year postoperatively.

Level of Evidence:
III.
Syzygium cumini-mediated Green Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of their Antibacterial, Antileishmanial, and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Syed Suliman , Islam Arshad , Khan Ajmal , Ahmad Iftikhar , Salam Tahir , Irfan Nadia 
Published: April 2024

Green protocols for the synthesis of nanoparticles have gained significant attention due to their environmental friendliness, ease, and cost-effectiveness. The present study focused on the synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) using an aqueous leaves extract of Syzygium cumini plant, and the antimicrobial potential of the synthesized NPs. Methods: The synthesis of MgO-NPs was achieved by mixing a solution of magnesium nitrate (Mg (NO3)2 with an aqueous extract obtained from S. cumini leaves to reduce the Mg+ ions. These NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Results: The transformation in color of the solution from yellow to deep brown along with the UV absorption peak at 294 nm showed the effective synthesis of MgO-NPs. SEM and XRD data revealed cubic-shaped NPs with an average size of 23.73 nm. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of magnesium and oxygen in the sample at 31.85% and 35.11% weight percentages, respectively. The antibacterial evaluation demonstrated effectiveness against the gram-negative strains Citrobacter koseri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with inhibition zones of 28.1 ± 1.25 mm and 27.8 ± 1.25 mm, respectively. MgO-NPs also showed antileishmanial potential against Leishmania tropica promastigotes (68.41 ± 0.05% inhibition at 1000µg/ml). Furthermore, the NPs exhibited antioxidant properties (75.12 ± 4.29% at 1 mg/ml) as determined by the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Conclusions: MgO-NPs synthesized using S. cumini plant leaves extract hold promises as agents for antibacterial, antileishmanial, and antioxidant applications.
QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DE CONSUMO DOS BEBEDOUROS DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA EM MACEIÓ, ALAGOAS
Authors: Pereira Sandra Rodrigues , Brandão Thaysa Barbosa Cavalcante , Veiga Gabriela Rossiter Stux , Padilha Bruna Merten , Barbosa Lídia Bezerra , Lima Flávia Soares de , Silva Edneide Pereira da 
Published: April 2024

A água é essencial para os seres vivos, no entanto pode ser um problema de saúde pública ao funcionar como veículo de transmissão de microrganismos patogênicos. Considera-se água potável a água que pode ser consumida pelos seres humanos. Partindo desse pressuposto, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade da água de consumo dos bebedouros de uma universidade pública em Maceió – AL. Estudo descritivo conduzido entre setembro e novembro de 2023 em uma universidade pública de Alagoas. Foram coletadas amostras de água de todos os bebedouros situados em 24 blocos de sala de aula. Foram realizadas análises de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli. As condições de limpeza e conservação dos bebedouros foram avaliadas através da aplicação de checklist. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que 100% das amostras estavam em conformidade para os padrões microbiológicos definidos pela legislação vigente. Entretanto, em relação às condições de limpeza e conservação dos bebedouros avaliados, 90% (n=41) apresentavam vazamentos, 80% (n=36) apresentavam sinais de corrosão e higiene inadequada e 85% (n=38) dos bebedouros apresentavam torneiras quebradas. Assim, apesar da má conservação na maioria dos bebedouros analisados os dados do presente estudo apresentaram resultados satisfatórios em relação à qualidade microbiológica da água para consumo humano distribuída pela universidade pública avaliada.
¿Cuál es el rol de los fitobióticos en la producción animal?: Beneficios, biodisponibilidad, desafíos actuales y futuros
Authors: Pajuelo Risco Fredy , Castro Salinas Daniel , Honorio Javes Cesar , Hernández Valdez Juan , Vega-González Ramiro Juan 
Published: April 2024

Cada vez más países van incorporando nuevas normativas de inocuidad, seguridad sanitaria y alimentaria, respondiendo a la progresiva preocupación por el uso de antibióticos promotores de crecimiento (APC) en producción animal; la comunidad científica se ha visto obligado a buscar nuevas alternativas que reduzcan o sustituyan el uso de APC, con la capacidad de salvaguardar la salud pública. Dentro de esas alternativas, los fitobióticos son considerados una opción muy prometedora, ya que son sustancias naturales constituidas por complejos compuestos bioactivos. Este documento revisa las distintas aplicaciones y la funcionalidad de los fitobióticos en la producción animal. En primer lugar, se manifiesta los principales efectos y mecanismo de acción, destacando y explicando su funcionalidad como antioxidantes, antiinflamatorios, antimicrobianos, promotores de crecimiento, mejoradores de las características organolépticas de los alimentos y reductores de la generación de gases causantes del efecto invernadero, Segundo, se revisan aplicaciones destacadas de los fitobióticos a las distintas especies de interés zootécnico y su efecto que estos tienen. Finalmente, se indaga su biodisponibilidad y los desafíos actuales y futuros de los fitobióticos.
Pengenalan Media Pembelajaran Jaring-Jaring Kubus Berbasis 3D Pada Materi Bangun Ruang Kubus Di SDN Aman Damai
Authors: Reflina Reflina , Salsabila Yasmin , Syahrani Vania Retna , Zamaiyah Zamaiyah , Rezeki Sri , Lubis Putri Nabila 
Published: April 2024

Mathematics learning activities in elementary schools are generally still monotonous and the lack of use of learning media in helping teachers convey lesson material. The purpose of community service activities is to introduce 3D based learning media to students of SDN Aman Damai about Cube Building which include nets, and elements of cube building. The method used in community service activities is the Service Learning method. The results of the implementation of community service activities are an increase in students' understanding of cube building material and students' enthusiasm in learning mathematics. The conclusion of community service activities is that 3D based learning media helps teachers to visualize the shape of the cube physically or real.
Cinema e educação: roteiros, cenas e takes em suas pesquisas
Authors: Silva Junior Alcidesio Oliveira da , Maknamara Marlécio 
Published: April 2024

O diálogo entre o cinema e a educação não carrega um sentido isolado, único, mas está em constante disputa, operando por meio de diversas tendências teóricas que afinam as silhuetas deste encontro. Por meio de uma revisão de literatura entre os anos de 2014 e 2021 no Catálogo de Teses & Dissertações da Capes e em anais de eventos, este artigo objetiva compreender de que forma as relações entre o cinema e a educação têm sido desenhadas entre pesquisadores/as brasileiros/as destes campos. Os resultados apontam para três abordagens mais frequentes nos estudos: o cinema como e para formação docente; o cinema como recurso didático; e o cinema como experiência estética. As pesquisas traçam linhas que levam a pensar que uma experiência com os filmes pode ser bem mais que uma fruição, entretenimento ou lazer, mas um desfazimento de formas instituídas e naturalizadas que impedem o fôlego de uma existência mais fecunda.