bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Masseteric Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Patients With Migraine
Authors: Tas Elibol Nida , Behmen Meliha Başöz , Terlemez Şengül , Konukseven Özlem 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (mVEMP) involve the connection between the vestibular complex and trigeminal nerve nuclei. Given the theory that migraine is caused by increased activation of the trigeminal nerve, it is believed that mVEMP responses may have influenced in migraine patients.

Method:
The study included 20 individuals with migraine and 20 healthy controls. Latency, amplitude, and interaural amplitude asymmetry ratio of mVEMP responses recorded in migraine patients were compared with control group.

Results:
Considering the mVEMP normalization study conducted by Başöz et al. (2021) in a similar age group and in the same clinic, latency prolongation and amplitude decrease were observed in subjects with migraines. Migraine is considered a central pathology, as shown in the cervical and ocular VEMP (cVEMP/oVEMP) literature. No difference was observed in the interaural amplitude asymmetry ratio, which is important in peripheral pathologies. Additionally, when the number of pathological ears was examined in order to understand the total exposure, it was observed that the number of pathological ears was significantly higher in the migraine group.

Conclusion:
In future studies, using mVEMP together with cVEMP and oVEMP tests, which allow evaluation of otolith organs and vestibular nuclei, will be valuable in determining the lesion location.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25607901
Literacy Coursework in Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Programs: An Exploration of 50 Programs
Authors: Yi Julia J. , Erickson Karen A. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the occurrence of preservice literacy coursework in a sample of graduate speech-language pathology programs in the United States and to investigate the relationship between the likelihood that programs offered literacy coursework and (a) geographical region, (b) Carnegie Classification of research activity, and (c) U.S. News & World Report ranking.

Method:
Course offerings were analyzed from a sample of 50 accredited speech-language pathology graduate programs that were selected through stratified random sampling using the strata of U.S. geographical regions and the Carnegie Classification of research activity.

Results:

Only 28% (
n
= 14) of the programs in the sample offered a course dedicated to literacy, 42% (
n
= 22) offered a course that embedded literacy content, and 14% (
n
= 7) offered both a course dedicated to literacy and a course that embedded literacy content. Descriptions of courses dedicated to literacy were at least 60% more likely to specifically reference training in literacy assessment or intervention than the descriptions of courses that embedded literacy content. Region, Carnegie Classification, and U.S. News & World Report ranking did not significantly predict the likelihood of programs offering literacy courses.

Conclusion:
This study corroborates surveys of speech-language pathologists regarding their preservice literacy training and reveals the continued need to increase preservice coursework focused on literacy in speech-language pathology graduate programs, ideally through courses that are dedicated to literacy and address both literacy assessment and treatment.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25607769
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the liver: Vascular pathologies and interventions
Authors: Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Prosch Helmut , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed , Scharitzer Martina , Pochepnia Svitlana , Findeisen Hajo , Alhyari Amjad , Raab Nils , Huber Katharina Paulina , Görg Christian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOver the past two decades, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been established as a method complementary to B-mode ultrasound and color Doppler sonography for diagnosing vascular liver pathologies and interventions.The objective of this review is to elucidate the application of CEUS in diagnosing vascular pathologies and interventional procedures.Considering the limitations of ultrasound, CEUS presents a similar alternative to other imaging modalities, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, for evaluating vascular pathologies, guiding interventions, identifying complications, and assessing outcomes post intervention. Due to its widespread availability and the absence of radiation exposure, CEUS should be employed as a primary modality.
Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Qualitative Inquiry among Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practitioners in South Africa
Authors: Khan Faathimah , Maharaj Madhueshwaree , Govender Nalini , Thandar Yasmeen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive endocrinopathy affecting 4–20% of females of reproductive age. PCOS and its consequent complications such as infertility, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease significantly impact clinical management. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), including homeopathy, is gaining recognition in PCOS management. There remains a paucity of formal protocols for managing PCOS within homeopathy and other CAM systems.
Aims/objectives This study aimed to explore and document existing therapeutic practices in the management of PCOS from diagnosis to treatment used by practitioners within various disciplines of CAM: viz., homeopathy, ayurveda, unani tibb, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and naturopathy, in the context of their unique philosophical background.
Methods In this explorative, descriptive study, data were collected from CAM practitioners in eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, using semi-structured interviews and analysed using Tesch's and Creswell's methods for qualitative analysis.
Results Four themes emerged from the data, namely: CAM philosophical perspectives on PCOS, contributing factors, diagnosis of PCOS, and management of PCOS. Five sub-themes emerged: clinical diagnosis of PCOS, CAM-specific characterisation of PCOS, CAM-specific treatment of PCOS, adjunctive therapies, and lifestyle interventions. Homeopathic management comprised several prescribing methods, the most common ones being miasmatic/constitutional, keynote and clinical, alongside adjunctive therapies and lifestyle interventions. Other CAM modalities adopted similar holistic approaches.
Conclusions This paper offers a comprehensive exploration of the perceptions, clinical investigations and management practices in PCOS by homeopaths and four other CAM modalities – ayurveda, unani tibb, TCM and naturopathy – as documented in the study. Homeopaths and other CAM practitioners employed CAM-specific therapies, along with adjunctive therapies and lifestyle interventions, adopting holistic approaches. Enhancing the quality of life through emotional counselling, stress reduction and lifestyle improvements emerged as shared objectives across modalities. Our findings underscore the need to further explore inter-disciplinary collaboration in PCOS management among registered CAM practitioners, with the potential to expand the scope of comprehensive care for PCOS patients.
Two-stage hydrothermal process driven visible light sensitive photocatalytic m-ZnWO4/m-WO3 heterojunction composite materials
Authors: Sahoo Sagarika , Rebekah A. , Lee Kee-Sun 
Published: April 2024

The current study reports on the facile two-step hydrothermal synthesis of heterojunction m-ZnWO4/m-WO3 composite powders for visible light sensitive photocatalytic applications. The ZnWO4 particles start crystallizing on the surface of the WO3 powder in the second stage of the reaction in a basic medium. The phases of the composite powders were confirmed using x-ray diffraction analysis. The monoclinic cubic shaped WO3 and rod shaped ZnWO4 morphologies were disclosed from the field emission scanning electron microscope images. Strong interfacial adhesion between ZnWO4 and WO3 was unveiled from the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study. The optimized composite 5ZW exhibits a calculated bandgap of 2.58 eV, positioning it within the visible light wavelength range (λ = 400–700 nm). Furthermore, there is a notable enhancement in the average lifetime of the electron–hole pair recombination rate, which is extended to 30.3 ns. The composite 5ZW demonstrated 96% methylene blue dye degradation efficiency within 420 min under visible light irradiation at pH 12. Due to the optimal phase fraction and strong interfacial adhesion between ZnWO4 and WO3, the heterojunction scheme seemed to be highly efficient in the 5ZW composite. Hence, it is believed that a two-step hydrothermal method can be a proficient route to prepare heterojunction composites m-ZnWO4/m-WO3 in alkali conditions with visible light active photodegradation efficiency.
Low power photodetector based on graphene-WS2-Au structure
Authors: Gao Lin , Kang Bingzi , Wu Han , Jiang Shuisen 
Published: April 2024

At present, photodetectors based on traditional semiconductor materials no longer meet the needs of the rapid development of science and technology. Two-dimensional materials have attracted wide attention in academia and industry because of their excellent electrical and optical properties. In addition, WS2 is considered a promising photodetector material because of its tunable band structure, high stability, and high carrier mobility. In this paper, a metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector based on mechanically stripped WS2 material is designed, with a metal used as electrode material. However, the Schottky barrier and trap state between metal-semiconductor structures will lead to decreasing carrier collection efficiency. To further improve the performance of the detector, we consider graphene as the electrode material and design a photodetector with Au–WS2–Graphene (Gra)–Au structure. According to experiments, using graphene as an electrode can significantly improve the photocurrent gain and reduce the dark current. At 1 V positive bias and 3.9 nW illumination power, the responsivity of the Au–WS2–Gra–Au structure is as high as 29.0 A/W, which indicates that it has excellent ability in light response and weak light detection. This research makes it possible to realize photodetectors with low power consumption and ultra-high light responsiveness, which have great application prospects in practical electronic devices.
Exploiting metaphor in disagreement
Authors: van Poppel Lotte , Pilgram Roosmaryn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The use of metaphors is a common strategy in argumentative discourse to resolve disagreements and create common
ground. Nonetheless, metaphor use could also backfire. An opponent could, for example, hijack a metaphor to oppose the proponent’s
standpoint. The current study focuses on this type of resistance, which we have dubbed ‘metaphor exploitation’. Such exploitation
is of particular interest because proponents are pragmatically committed to the metaphor which is subsequently exploited to attack
their ideas. This paper introduces a model to distinguish metaphor exploitation from other types of reusing metaphor (extension
and recontextualisation) and contrasts it with the neighbouring phenomenon of metaphor reframing. Subsequently, the model is
applied by analysing the strategic use of metaphor exploitation in a corpus of 196 replies on Twitter (now ‘X’) to a violence
metaphor employed by former UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson (his so-called ‘mugger metaphor’). As such, this paper offers the
tools for systematically analysing the reuse of metaphors in disagreement.
Effects of the trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis on the behaviour of its amphipod host: adaptive or not?
Authors: Leung T.L.F. , Poulin R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere are many recorded cases of parasites that are capable of altering the behaviour of their host to enhance their transmission efficiency. However, not all of these cases are necessarily the results of the parasites actively manipulating host behaviour; they may rather be the ‘by-products’ of pathology caused by the parasite's presence. This study investigates the effect of the microphallid trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis on the behaviour of one of its crustacean intermediate hosts, the amphipod Paracalliope novizealandiae. Uninfected amphipods were experimentally infected by exposure to M. novaezealandensis cercariae. The activity level and vertical position of experimentally infected amphipods were compared with uninfected amphipods at 2 weeks and 6 weeks post-infection, i.e. both before and after the parasite achieved infectivity to its definitive host. Infected amphipods were found to exhibit significantly lower levels of activity and to occur significantly lower in the water column than uninfected controls during both periods. Based on the timing of the change in behaviour exhibited by infected amphipods, the results suggest that the altered behaviour exhibited by P. novizealandiae infected with M. novaezealandensis is most likely due to pathology caused by the parasite rather than a case of active, and adaptive, behavioural manipulation.
Multi-immunodot for rapid differential diagnosis of eosinophilic meningitis due to parasitic infections
Authors: Eamsobhana P. , Ongrotchanakun J. , Yoolek A. , Punthuprapasa P. , Monkong N. , Dekumyoy P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA multi-dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the rapid and simple differential diagnosis of eosinophilic meningitis due to helminth infections. Ultrafiltered, purified antigens of Parastrongylus (=Angiostrongylus) cantonensis, Gnathostoma spinigerum and Taenia solium metacestodes, the most common parasites that invade the central nervous system and cause eosinophilic pleocytosis, were dotted onto a single nitrocellulose membrane strip. Antigen-coated strips, when blocked with 5% skimmed milk and dried, were stable for at least 6 months at 4°C. With peroxidase conjugated anti-human immunoglobulins and 4-chloro-1-naphthol as a substrate, antibodies in the corresponding patients' sera were clearly detected on the membrane strip as well-defined blue dots. Although cross-reactions between P. cantonensis and G. spinigerum antigens were observed with the use of partially purified antigens, the darkest dot correlated well with the infecting parasites in all cases. This fast, easy and economical multiple dot-blot ELISA method is useful for the differential diagnosis of eosinophilic meningitis caused by parasitic helminths, as semi-purified antigens can be easily obtained by ultrafiltration and used. Further improvements using highly specific parasite antigens may make this multi-immunodot test more suitable for wide-scale use in field studies and diagnostic laboratories.
The taxonomy of some Poecilacanthoidea (Eucestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from elasmobranchs off the southern coast of Brazil
Authors: Pinto R.M. , Knoff M. , São Clemente S.C. , Lanfredi R.M. , Gomes D.C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpecimens of elasmobranchs, collected in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, were parasitized with Poecilacanthoidea trypanorhynch cestodes. Sharks of the speciesPrionace glaucaharbouredCallitetrarhynchus gracilisandFloriceps saccatus, and those of the speciesSphyrna zygaenawere infected withCallitetrarhynchus speciosus. Details of the proglottids ofF. saccatus, provided by bright-field, and/or scanning electron microscopy, are described. Adults ofF. saccatusare reported for the first time in the Brazilian coast.
Induction of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1β and matrix metalloproteinases in pulmonary fibrosis of rats infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Authors: Tu W.C. , Lai S.C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn angiostrongyliasis, chronic parasite-induced granuloma formation can lead to tissue destruction and fibrosis. Here, the histomorphology of granulomatous fibrosis and proteinase production in the lungs of Angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. The relationship between metalloproteinases and granulomatous fibrosis was investigated following infection of each rat with 60 infective larvae. Granulomata and fibrosis were marked in the lungs of rats on day 180 post-inoculation. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of lung mRNA showed an up-expression of proinflammatory cytokine including tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). According to Western blot analysis, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) proenzyme was presented in the lungs of uninfected and infected rats, and partial conversion of 72 kDa proenzyme to the 64kDa active form occurred in infected rats. In addition, increased protein levels of MMP-9 and MMP-13 were detected in infected lungs, but were undetectable in controls. The results suggest that TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-2, -9, and -13 may be associated with the granulomatous fibrosis.
A gravitational eye: a method for extracting maximum information from gravitational potentials
Authors: de Villiers Geoffrey D , Vovrosh Jamie , Ridley Kevin D , Holynski Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Gravity measurements have uses in a wide range of fields including geological mapping and mine-shaft inspection. The specific application under consideration sets limits on the survey and the amount of information that can be obtained. For example, in a conventional gravity survey at the Earth’s surface a gravimeter is translated on a two-dimensional planar grid taking measurements of the vertical component of gravity. If, however, the survey points cannot be chosen so freely, for example if the gravimeter is constrained to operate in a tunnel where only a one-dimensional line of data could be taken, less information will be obtained. To address this situation, we investigate an alternative approach, in the form of an instrument which rotates around a central point measuring the gravitational potential or its radial derivative on the boundary of a sphere. The ability to record additional components of gravity by rotating the gravimeter will give more information than obtained with a single measurement traditionally taken at each point on a survey, consequently reducing ambiguities in interpretation. We term a device which measures the potential, or its radial derivatives, around the surface of a sphere a gravitational eye. In this article we explore ideas of resolution and propose a thought experiment for comparing the performance of diverse types of gravitational eye. We also discuss radial analytic continuation towards sources of gravity and the resulting resolution enhancement, before finally discussing the possibility of using cold-atom gravimetry and gradiometry to construct a gravitational eye. If realised, the gravitational eye will offer revolutionary capability enabling the maximum information to be obtained about features in all directions around it.
Size-induced exchange bias in single-phase CoO nanoparticles
Authors: Sharma Vikash , Pal Sudip , Sharma Divya , Shukla Dinesh Kumar , Chaudhary Ram Janay , Okram Gunadhor Singh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The tuning of exchange bias (EB) in nanoparticles has garnered significant attention due to its diverse range of applications. Here, we demonstrate EB in single-phase CoO nanoparticles, where two magnetic phases naturally emerge as the crystallite size decreases from 34.6 ± 0.8 to 10.8 ± 0.9 nm. The Néel temperature (T
N) associated with antiferromagnetic ordering decreases monotonically with the reduction in crystallite size, highlighting the significant influence of size effects. The 34.6 nm nanoparticles exhibit magnetization irreversibility between zero-field cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) states below T
N. With further reduction in size this irreversibility appears well above T
N, resulting in the absence of true paramagnetic regime which indicates the occurnace of an additional magnetic phase. The frequency-dependent ac-susceptibility in 10.8 nm nanoparticles suggests slow dynamics of disordered surface spins above T
N, coinciding with the establishment of long-range order in the core. The thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) and iso-thermoremanent magnetization (IRM) curves suggest a core–shell structure: the core is antiferromagnetic, and the shell consists of disordered surface spins causing ferromagnetic interaction. Hence, the EB in these CoO nanoparticles results from the exchange coupling between an antiferromagnetic core and a disordered shell that exhibits unconventional surface spin characteristics.
Group sparse-based Taylor expansion method for liver pharmacokinetic parameters imaging of dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography
Authors: Wu Yansong , He Xuelei , Chen Zihao , Wei Xiao , Liu Yanqiu , Li Shuangchen , Zhang Heng , Yu Jingjing , Yi Huangjian , Guo Hongbo , He Xiaowei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Pharmacokinetic parametric images obtained through dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography (DFMT) has ability of capturing dynamic changes in fluorescence concentration, thereby providing three-dimensional metabolic information for applications in biological research and drug development. However, data processing of DFMT is time-consuming, involves a vast amount of data, and the problem itself is ill-posed, which significantly limits the application of pharmacokinetic parametric images reconstruction. In this study, group sparse-based Taylor expansion method is proposed to address these problems. Approach. Firstly, Taylor expansion framework is introduced to reduce time and computational cost. Secondly, group sparsity based on structural prior is introduced to improve reconstruction accuracy. Thirdly, alternating iterative solution based on accelerated gradient descent algorithm is introduced to solve the problem. Main results. Numerical simulation and in vivo experimental results demonstrate that, in comparison to existing methods, the proposed approach significantly enhances reconstruction speed without a degradation of quality, particularly when confronted with background fluorescence interference from other organs. Significance. Our research greatly reduces time and computational cost, providing strong support for real-time monitoring of liver metabolism.