bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of “eclipsed” lymphoid cells from advanced tumor‐bearing mice through adoptive transfer to sublethally irradiated syngeneic hosts
Authors: Youn J. K. , Le Francois D. , Hue G. , Santillana M. , Barski G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunologically inactive or “eclipsed” lymphoid cells from advanced tumor‐bearing mice were investigated following their adoptive transfer to irradiated syngeneic hosts. Experiments were performed with two syngeneic tumor‐host systems: the T5‐BALB/c tumor line chronically infected with a low‐leukemogenic Rauscher virus variant and the TM1‐C3H tumor line developed from a spontaneous C3H/He mouse mammary tumor. In confirmation of our previous data, peritoneal cells (PC) from advanced tumor‐bearing mice (EPC) appeared to have lost any capacity to inhibit specifically the growth of corresponding tumor target cells in in vitro colony inhibition (CI) tests, whereas PC from immunized mice (IPC) were perfectly active. When these EPC were adoptively transferred by intraperitoneal inoculation into sublethally irradiated (450R) syngeneic mice in association with respective tumor extracts (TE), the PC from such recipient mice, taken 5 to 13 days later, were nearly as active in in vitro CI tests as were PC from parallel IPC‐recipient mice. For this recovery of specific immunological activity following the adoptive transfer of EPC the adjunction of the TE and irradiation of the recipient animals seem important and may be necessary. On the other hand, no specific immunological activity was seen in PC from irradiated mice to which PC from normal mice had been transferred with TE. In addition to the in vitro results, an effect of adoptive transfer of EPC (retardation of tumor growth) was also observed in vivo. It is concluded that the “eclipsed” immunologically inactive state of the EPC in mice bearing advanced tumor is not irreversible and that activation of these cells can occur in vivo under certain conditions helped by the presence of tumor‐specific antigenic stimulus.
Mutation induction in chinese hamster V79 cells by two vinyl chloride metabolites, chloroethylene oxide and 2‐chloroacetaldehyde
Authors: Huberman Eliezer , Bartsch Helmut , Sachs Leo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChloroethylene oxide and 2‐chloroacetaldehyde, two possibly carcinogenic metabolites of vinyl chloride in mammals, caused a dose‐dependent induction of 8‐azaguanine‐and ouabain‐resistant mutants in Chinese hamster V79 cells in vitro. Up to one‐hundredfold higher concentrations of 2‐chloroethanol or monochloroacetic acid, a urinary vinyl chloride metabolite in rats and man, were inactive.
A long‐term 51chromium assay for in vitro cell‐mediated tumor immunity. Correlation with simultaneously performed microplate assays
Authors: Steele Glenn , Sjögren H. O. , Lannerstad O. , Stadenberg I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn vitro assays of cell‐mediated tumor immunity utilizing 51Chromium (51Cr) labelling of cultured adherent solid tumor cells were designed which allowed an effector cell/target cell incubation time of 48 h without overriding spontaneous 51Cr release. In a series of 16 consecutive experiments, blood lymphocytes from healthy human donors, from patients with tumors unrelated to the cultured tumor target cells, and from colon carcinoma and melanoma patients were tested for their cytotoxic effects on various target cell pairs, human colon carcinoma, melanoma, or skin fibroblasts. The same reagents were used in simultaneously performed microplate and 51Cr assays. Results obtained by visual counting of microplate tests and by 24‐h assays of 51Cr release or 51Cr retention correlated in 20/25 effector‐cell/target‐cell combinations. In a series of six consecutive experiments, lymph‐node cells from untreated Wistar/Furth rats, and rats bearing either chemically‐induced colon carcinoma NG‐W1 or polyoma virus‐induced sarcoma P‐W13 were tested for their cytotoxicity on syngeneic rat colon carcinoma and sarcoma target cells. Criss‐cross type experiments were performed by microplate and 51Cr techniques done in parallel. Results obtained by visual counting of microplate tests and by 48 h assays of 51Cr release or 51Cr retention correlated in 15/18 effector‐cell/target‐cell combinations.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. IX. Antibodies to EBNA and correlation with response to other EBV antigens in Chinese patients
Authors: De‐Thé G. , Ho J. H. C. , Ablashi D. V. , Day N. E. , Macario A. J. L. , Martin‐Berthelon M. Cl. , Pearson G. , Sohier R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNinety‐five sera from Chinese NPC patients in different stages of the disease, 38 sera from Chinese patients with other cancers, and 50 normal Chinese sera, were titrated for EBNA, VCA, EA and complement‐fixing (CF/S) EBV‐specific antibodies. The geometric mean (GMT) EBNA antibody titre of patients with NPC at stage I was found to be four times higher than that of normal individuals and increased in parallel with clinical deterioration. Antibody titres against EBNA did not correlate with either VCA or EA antibodies but, in general, correlated with CF/S antibodies. EA antibodies correlated relatively well with VCA antibodies and discriminated better than EBNA titre between NPC at stage I and controls.
Humoral cytotoxicity in melanoma patients and its correlation with the extent and course of the disease
Authors: Canevari Silvana , Fossati Giuseppe , Della Porta Giuseppe , Balzarini Gian Paolo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComplement‐dependent cytotoxicity against melanoma cells was demonstrated with a microassay in sera from melanoma patients. The response was tumor‐specific and histologic type‐specific since 16 out of 52 (30%) melanoma patient sera taken before surgery reacted against melanoma cells, whereas 3 out of 43 (7%) control sera, collected from patients with unrelated tumors and from cancer‐free individuals, were positive. The serum activity correlated with the clinical stage of the disease since it was detected in 15 out of 40 patients with stage I and II tumors and in 1 of the 12 patients in stage III. Twelve melanoma patients, clinically tumor‐free for 1 to 4 years after surgery, showed no humoral cytotoxicity. A follow‐up study of 13 melanoma patients revealed that the cytotoxicity appeared 7‐10 days after radical removal of the tumor and that it disappeared if there was no recurrence. The histologic type‐specificity was further tested by assaying sera from 16 melanoma and 10 breast‐cancer patients simultaneously on both melanoma and breast‐cancer cells; a positive reaction was observed in 6 cases of melanoma and in 5 of breast cancer on homologous cells only, in 1 case on the opposite type of cells, and in 3 cases on both types of tumor cells.
Alien histocompatibility determinants on the cell surface of sarcomas induced by methylcholanthrene. I. In vivo studies
Authors: Parmiani Giorgio , Invernizzi Giovanni 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGroups of BALB/c mice were immunized to normal tissues (skin and/or liver plus kidney) of C3Hf, C57BI/6, DBA/2 and AKR strains and challenged with either of two syngeneic 3‐methylcholanthrene‐induced immunogenic sarcomas, ST2 and TZ15, or with a “spontaneous” non‐immunogenic BALB/c sarcoma, B2. It was found that anti‐C3Hfand anti‐DBA/2 immune mice were significantly protected against the growth of ST2, whereas anti‐AKR immune mice rejected TZ15; no protection was elicited by immunizing with normal tissues of any strain against B2, which lacked individual tumorassociated transplantation antigens (TATA). The reciprocal experiment, i.e. the immunization of BALB/c mice with tumor cells and challenge with skin grafts of different strains, was also carried out with ST2 and TZ15. Accelerated rejection of all the various allogeneic skins was observed in anti‐ST2 immune mice and of AKR and C3Hf skin in anti‐TZ15 immune animals. In addition the Winn test demonstrated that lymph‐node cells of BALB/c mice immune to C3Hf or DBA/2 tissues were specifically inhibitory for ST2, and that lymph‐node cells immune to AKR tissues protected against TZ15. In a further experiment both ST2 and TZ15 tumors were left to grow in (C3Hfx BALB/c)F1, (C57BI/6 × BALB/c)1, (BALB/c × DBA/2)F1 and (BALB/c × AKR)F1 mice; the tumors were then excised and the “immune” mice challenged with the related tumor to measure their immune response in comparison with that elicited by the same procedure in BALB/c mice. ST2 was highly immunogenic in syngeneic BALB/c mice and in all the hybrid combinations except (C3Hfx BALB/c)F1 mice, where it completely lost its immunogenicity; TZ15 showed a certain loss of immunogenic strength in (BALB/c × AKR)F1 hybrids. It was concluded that TATA of ST2 contain antigenic determinants expressed on the normal cells of C3Hf and DBA/2 strains, and that TATA of TZ15 are likely to share antigens with AKR normal tissues.
The effect produced by some carcinogenic nitrosocompounds on organ cultures from human embryonic lung and kidney tissues
Authors: Shabad L. M. , Kolesnichenko T. S. , Golub N. I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious works using organ cultures of lung and kidney tissues of mouse, rat and hamster embryos exposed to transplacental action of some carcinogens showed premalignant growth. This paper presents the results of organ culture of human embryonic lung and kidney tissues. Direct action of some carcinogenic nitrosocompounds (N‐nitrosomethylurea, dimethylnitrosamine and orthoaminoazotoluene) resulted in higher survival of the treated organ cultures and induced epithelial hyperplasia. The changes depended directly upon the dose of carcinogen employed.
Epoxides metabolically produced from some known carcinogens and from some clinically used drugs. I. Differences in mutagenicity
Authors: Glatt H. R. , Oesch F. , Frigerio A. , Garattini S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe epoxide metabolites of two clinically used drugs and an experimental psychotropic agent, carbamazepine 10,11‐oxide, cyproheptadine 10,11‐oxide and cyclobenzaprine 10,11‐oxide, were fully devoid of any mutagenic activity under conditions where K‐region‐epoxide metabolites of some known carcinogens, such as benzo (a)pyrene, proved to be potent frameshift mutational agents for Salmonella typhimurium TA 1537 and TA 1538. All epoxides tested were non‐mutagenic for TA 1535, designed to detect substitution mutations. The 10,11‐epoxides of the three drugs, carbamazepine, cyproheptadine and cyclobenzaprine, were not cytotoxic to any of the bacterial tester strains used, precluding that mutagenicity might have been overshadowed by cytotoxicity. When the mutagen precursor, benzo (a)pyrene, was incubated together with TA 1537 and a mammalian microsomal preparation in the presence of a system generating the co‐factor necessary for mono‐oxygenase activity, activation to mutagenic species was observed which was dramatically increased in the presence of a potent epoxide hydratase inhibitor, 1,1,1‐trichloropropene 2,3‐oxide, suggesting epoxide (s) as the (or one of the) mutagenically active species metabolically produced in situ. None of these effects was observed with the three medical drugs. Moreover, the observation that the alkene oxide 4‐phenylstyrene 7,8‐oxide is mutagenic to the two strains TA 1537 and TA 1538 but the K‐region arene oxide derived from 7,12‐dimethylbenz (a) anthracene is inactive for the latter strain indicates that epoxidation of an aromatic double bond of a polycyclic hydrocarbon is neither a necessary nor a satisfying condition for frameshift mutagenesis to occur.
Host responses within solid tumors: Non‐thymus‐derived specific cytotoxic cells within a murine mammary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Haskill J. Stephen , Yamamura Y. , Radov L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe nature of host‐derived, specifically cytotoxic cells infiltrating solid murine mammary adenocarcinomas (line T1699) was investigated. Cell suspensions obtained from enzymatically dispersed tumors were separated by sedimentation velocity. The host cell fraction was heterogeneous and contained T‐lymphocytes, non‐phagocytic cells bearing Fc receptors, eosinophils and monocytes. Host cells equivalent in size to small lymphocytes and bearing Fc receptors were found to be the predominant cell type responsible for colony inhibition. These colony‐inhibiting cells were insensitive to lysis with either anti‐θ or anti‐IgG serum and complement; and they were specific both in their induction and in their mediation of cytotoxicity. Host cells made up the predominant population in spontaneously regressive tumors but only a minor component in progressive tumors, and they were totally absent from progressive tumors in X‐irradiated animals.
Preneoplastic changes in rabbit pancreatic duct cells produced by dimethylhydrazine
Authors: Elkort R. J. , Handler A. H. , Mozden P. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPermeation catheters containing 40% dimethylhydrazine (DMH) were implanted into the main pancreatic duct of New Zealand white rabbits. The catheters were constructed of silicone polycarbonate with a 4‐ to 10‐day carcinogen release rate. Rabbits implanted with catheters containing DMH showed pancreatic ductal cell hyperplasia, metaplasia and dysplasia with periductal cell infiltration, adenosis and adenoma formation. These changes began approximately 9 to 12 weeks after implantation and persisted for 75 to 80 weeks. Specificity of the delivery system appeared to be excellent in that pathologic effects were observed only in the pancreatic and peripancreatic tissues. Moreover, these effects were probably directly related to the implanted carcinogen since similar maintained effects were not observed in control animals.
A quantitative comparison between in vivo‐and in vitro‐derived friend leukemia virus
Authors: Evenson Donald P. , Pla Dolores M. , Beju Delia , De Harven Etienne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe biological activities of RNA viruses derived from Friend leukemia cells in culture (TCV) were compared with those of viruses derived from the plasma (PV) of mice infected with Friend leukemia virus (FLV). The comparison was quantitatively based on the actual number of viruses used in each experiment as determined by counting under the electron microscope. Electron microscopy also provided a qualitative assessment of the structural integrity of the concentrated virus particles used in various bioassays. The data show that the leukemogenic and spleen‐focus‐forming (SFF) activities of TCV, although demonstrable, are respectively 105 and 104 lower than those of PV. Moreover, TCV has 104 less helper activity (S+L− test) than PV. The level of reverse transcriptase activity is ten times lower in TCV than in PV which indicates that there is little correlation between polymerase activity and the other biological activities measured. The decreased biological activity of the in vitro grown virus is thought to be intrinsic to this type of virus although all extrinsic factors have not been ruled out.
Characterization of non‐producer human cells induced by kirsten sarcoma virus
Authors: Rhim J. S. , Cho H. Y. , Vernon M. L. , Arnstein P. , Huebner R. J. , Gilden R. V. , Nelson‐Rees W. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNon‐producer (NP) human cells induced by the Kirsten sarcoma virus were characterized. These morphologically altered NP cells produced neither infectious virus nor complement‐fixing antigens of the murine sarcoma—leukemia virus complex. The NP cells did not release RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase and type‐C virus particles with a density of approximately 1.15 g/ml in sucrose gradients by 3H‐uridine labelling. The NP cells produced tumors when transplanted subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. The tumor cells re‐established in culture resembled the original NP cells, were confirmed as human cells by karyological analysis and were also found to be “nonproducer”. The sarcoma virus genome in NP cells could be rescued not only by co‐cultivation with “helper virus”‐releasing cells but also by superinfection with helper type‐C viruses. Murine (Rauscher, Ki‐MuLV, AT‐124 and two other xenotropic viruses), feline, RD‐114 and Simian (woolly monkey and baboon) type‐C viruses possessed the ability to rescue the sarcoma genome from NP cells but not AKR leukemia virus. In addition, the feline leukemia virus titer obtained by the rescuing technique in NP cells was the same as those obtained in feline embryo and NP cells by CF induction assay.
Specific responsiveness of leukocytes to soluble extracts of human tumors
Authors: Powell A. E. , Sloss A. M. , Smith R. N. , Makley J. T. , Hubay C. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) method was studied with respect to its specificity in detecting responses to extracts of tumor tissues or normal lymphocytes. Responses of cells from normal persons were within 10% of each other whether incubation was carried out with culture medium alone or with any of the extracts. The same was true of cells from 78 cancer patients unless the cells were incubated with extracts of the same histologic type as their own. In the latter case, statistically significant responses occurred in 95% of the 110 analyses done. Negative responses were given by cells from 14 patients tentatively diagnosed as having breast carcinoma but whose lesions later proved benign. There was one positive response inconsistent with the diagnosis. Of 29 normal individuals known to have been exposed to tumors or tumor extracts, 11 responded positively and specifically to the relevant tumor extract. Cells from 12 of 30 multiparous female breast‐cancer patients responded to extracts of pooled normal lymphocytes. The results establish that the LAI analysis is an extremely specific means of detecting systemic responses to malignant diseases. In addition, analyses have proven positive in 95% of the cases studied.
Some electrical properties of the peripheries of murine 3T3 cells with respect to viral transformation and reversion
Authors: Weiss L. , Subjeck J. R. , Poste G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse 3T3, Simian virus 40 transformed 3T3 cells (SV3T3) and two SV3T3 lines showing reversion of their transformed phenotype (Rev 3 and Rev 5) have been studied with respect to electrophoretic mobilities and colloidal iron hydroxide (CIH) binding density visible by electron microscopy, before and after incubation with neuraminidase or ribonuclease. The results show that, in general, the marked changes in both sets of surface parameters associated with transformation are largely reversed in the Rev 5 revertant, and only partially reversed in the Rev 3 line. It was also observed that, in common with Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells examined previously, the densities of CIH‐particles bound over the microvilli of all the cell types was 1.5 to 2.7 times higher than those bound to the spaces between them. In contrast to the EAT cells, the higher density of CIH particles bound over the microvilli was not due to neuraminidase‐sensitive binding sites.
Studies of genetic transmission of mammary tumour virus by C3Hf mice
Authors: Van Nie R. , Verstraeten A. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy radioimmunoassay (RIA) mammary tumour virus (MTV) antigens were detected in individual milk samples of C3Hf mice, (♀BALB/c × ♂ C3Hf)Fl mice and (♀C3Hf × ♂ BALB/c)Fl mice; milk samples of BALB/c mice were negative. In the segregating backcross I population, ♀ BALB/c × ♂ (♀BALB/c × ♀ C3Hf) viral antigens were found in the milk of 93 out of 169 mice (55%). In the Bc II population (daughters of Bc I mothers and BALB/c fathers) two groups were distinguished. In the first group, derived from positive Bc I mothers, 55 out of 110 mice (50%) had detectable levels of viral antigens in the milk. In the second group, progeny of negative Bc I mothers, 1 mouse out of 47 was positive. These data are consistent with the assumption that one dominant gene is responsible for the presence of viral antigens in the milk of C3Hf mice. This gene (Mtv‐1) seems to be linked with the albino locus situated on chromosome 7; the recombination percentage was about 29. In the first experiment with Bc I mice a significant difference was found between the tumour ages of the mice with virus‐positive milk and of the mice with virus‐negative milk: all mice (18) with viral antigens in the milk developed mammary tumours at an age ranging from 7 to 18 months, whereas in only 7 out of 16 mice with virus‐negative milk were mammary tumours found before the age of 21 months. Viral antigens were detectable (by RIA) in the tumours of mice of both subgroups; however, the amounts (mU/mg tumour) were significantly lower in the tumours derived from mice with virus‐negative milk. Although MTV‐L of C3Hf mothers could be transmitted to BALB/c mice by foster‐nursing, viral antigens could not be detected in milk samples collected prior to the third lactation period; thus an influence on the data of extrachromosomally transmitted MTV‐L is unlikely.
In vitro synthesis of tumor‐specific factors with blocking and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADC) activities
Authors: Nelson Karen , Pollack Sylvia B. , Hellström Karl Erik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen cells from BALB/c mice bearing syngeneic sarcomas and from BALB/c mice whose sarcomas had been excised were cultivated in vitro. The culture supernatants were tested for two activities: their ability (1) to suppress (“block”) specific lymph‐node cell‐mediated cytotoxic reactions directed against the respective neoplasms; and (2) to induce antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADC) specific for the antigens of the respective tumors. Both specific activities, blocking and induction of ADC, were detected in culture supernatants from spleens of tumor‐bearing mice, even when repeatedly harvested at intervals over a 7‐day period. Supernatants of cultured spleen cells from mice whose sarcomas had been excised 3‐4 weeks previously also had ADC but no blocking activity. Supernatants of cultures treated with inhibitors of protein synthesis lacked both blocking and ADC activities; the inhibitory effect of cycloheximide on these activities, as well as on protein synthesis, was reversible. Factors in the culture supernatants responsible for blocking and for ADC were labelled when the culture were incubated with 14C‐leucine. The labelled material was retained by, and could be eluted from, immunoadsorbents for mouse immunoglobulins. In addition, the labelled material bound preferentially to those tumor cells for which specific blocking or ADC activities were observed. The findings indicate that factors responsible for the blocking and ADC phenomena were indeed synthesized by the spleen cells in vitro.
Antigenic specificities of the cell‐mediated anti‐tumor reactions in the MSV system studied by the secondary chromium release test
Authors: Senik A. , Gisselbrecht S. , Levy J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe SCRT and the inhibition test have been used to determine the specificity of cell surface antigens reacting with anti‐M‐MSV cytolytic lymphocytes. The method provides very sensitive and specific results. Some discrepancies exist between the results of SCRT and those obtained by the in vitro inhibition by tumor cells of cell‐mediated immune cytolysis. The main point is that allogeneic cells are stimulatory in SCRT, whereas they are not reactive in the inhibition test. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain these discrepancies. In all the experiments, a strong secondary stimulation of cytotoxic lymphocytes was obtained in vitro when FMRGi (+) cells were used as stimulators, whatever the nature and the histocompatibility antigens of these cells. This suggests that an antigen of the “FMRGi system” is regularly involved in the cell‐mediated anti‐MSV reaction. However, other antigenic specificities of different natures are probably also concerned due to the antigenic complexity of these tumors.