bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND DIAGENESIS OF THE EOCENE JDEIR FORMATION, GABES‐TRIPOLI BASIN, WESTERN OFFSHORE, LIBYA
Authors: Anketell J. M. , Mriheel I. Y. 
Published: December 2007

The late Ypresian (early Eocene) Jdeir Formation was deposited in the Mesozoic‐Cenozoic Gabes‐Tripoli Basin, offshore Libya. The basin developed on the northern passive margin of the African Plate and was relatively unstable being affected by syn‐sedimentary tectonic movements. Deposition was coeval with a relative rise of sea‐level and the subsequent highstand. A lower, thinly‐developed nummulitic bank facies with restricted distribution records the transgressive event and is succeeded by more micritic sediments that record the time of maximum flooding. The succeeding sea‐level highstand is represented by a thick, and widely developed, progradational‐aggradational nummulitic sequence that displays lateral changes across WE‐ESE trending facies belts.Three major lithofacies are recognized in the Jdeir Formation: Nummulites packstone‐grainstone, Alveolina‐Orbitoliteswackestone‐packtone, andFragmental‐Discocyclina‐Assilina wackestone‐packstone, depositedin bank, back‐bank, and fore‐bank environments, respectively. The formation passes to the NNE into the pelagic lithofacies of the Hallab Formation; landward, to the south, it passes into shoreline evaporitic facies of the Taljah Formation. The lithofacies were structurally controlled by contemporaneous and/or syndepositional tectonic movements, with nummulitic facies tending to develop on uplifted areas.Petrographic and petrophysical studies indicate that porosity in the Jdeir Formation is controlled by depositional environment, tectonic setting and diagenesis. The combined effects of salt tectonics, a major unconformity at the top of the formation and meteoric diagenesis have produced excellent‐quality reservoir facies at the Bouri oilfield and in other areas.Porosity is highest in the nummulitic bank facies and lowest in the Alveolina‐Orbitolites micrite facies. Good to excellent reservoir quality occurs in the upper part of the nummulitic packstone‐grainstone facies, especially where these sediments overlie structurally high areas. High rates of dissolution found at the crests of domes and anticlines suggest that early diagenetic processes and features are, in part, structurally controlled. Future exploration success will depend on investigation of similar structures within the Gabes‐Tripoli Basin.Both porosity initiation and preservation are related to early depositional and diagenetic processes. The wide time‐gap between hydrocarbon generation and reservoir formation points to the role of the seal in porosity preservation and rules out the assumption that early emplacement of oil had preserved the porosity.
Longevity of captive mammals in Philadelphia Zoo
Authors: SNYDER ROBERT L. , MOORE SUSAN C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractData on longevity of captive mammals were compiled from post‐mortem records filed in the Penrose Research Laboratory of the Zoological Society of Philadelphia. Maximum exhibition periods were reported for 42 families of mammals exhibited between 1901 and 1964. The longest exhibition period was 593 months for an echidna of the family Tachyglossidae. Mean exhibition periods and mortality patterns for 20 families were presented for two periods, 1901‐34 and 1935‐64. Average duration of life on exhibition increased considerably following changes in diets in 1935, with 12 families showing significant increases in longevity. The effects of larger cages, improved facilities, and the use of antibiotics and vaccines representing further changes in the environment during the period from 1935‐64, were also analysed in relation to increased longevity.
Clastic depositional systems at the base of the late Miocene evaporites of the Levant region, Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Bertoni C. , Cartwright J. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This study investigates the evidence for the presence of clastic sediments at the base of the distal Messinian evaporites in the Levant region (Eastern Mediterranean). Seismic geomorphological analysis of three-dimensional seismic data clearly reveals the occurrence of a well-imaged clastic body composed of two closely spaced channel-mouth lobe deposits, within the basal part of the Messinian evaporites. Comparable seismic facies observed at the same stratigraphic level point to the occurrence of additional clastic deposits and allows their correlation with the El Arish and Afiq canyon systems. The seismic characteristics of the clastic bodies and the analogy with other coeval deposits in the Mediterranean Basin suggest that they deposited in a submarine (shallow- or deep-water) setting. Knowledge of the occurrence and distribution of these clastic deposits has considerable impact on the interpretation of the depositional environment of this basinwide evaporitic system.
Role of rifting in evaporite deposition in the Great Kavir Basin, central Iran
Authors: Rahimpour-Bonab H. , Shariatinia Z. , Siemann M. G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

The thick middle Miocene evaporites of the Great Kavir Basin, Central Iran, are classified as MgSO
4
-poor potash-bearing deposits. In the northern domain of the Great Kavir Basin these sediments occur as 50 very large salt diapirs, as well as outcrops in several areas, including the Melheh salt pit to the south of Semnan, north Central Iran. Based on the excellent preservation of layering in these sequences, along with well-preserved bottom nucleated primary textures within the halite and sylvite, they are interpreted as largely primary deposits. They also contain some secondary minerals such as langbeinite, d'ansite, polyhalite and anhydrite. The Br content in the halite and sylvinite layers falls within the range of marine evaporites. These MgSO
4
-poor potash-bearing evaporites deposits, along with other marine and continental sediments, appear to have been precipitated in the marginal marine basins around continental rifts. Seemingly, these evaporites formed in marginal marine rift-related basins which also received input from deep, circulating hydrothermal CaCl
2
-rich brines. These hydrothermal brines were also rich in Fe and Zn and apparently were driven upward along faults and fracture zones by the thermal gradient along the axis of the extensional trough.
Genesis and evolution of ‘pseudocarniole’: preliminary observations from the Susa Valley (Western Alps)
Authors: Alberto W. , Carraro F. , Giardino M. , Tiranti D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

In the Alpine geological literature some particular carbonate rocks having a vuggy appearance, associated with evaporite rocks, have a controversial origin and diversified, uneven, nomenclature. In this paper they are provisionally called ‘pseudocarniole’. An excellent exposure along the Susa Valley (Italian Western Alps) permitted a relatively full analysis of a group of such vuggy rocks
in situ
. Five main lithologies have been identified with respect to their nature, shape, dimensions and organization of the clasts, also according to the matrix and the composition of the cements.

Utilizing the interpretation of geological and geomorphological field data that cover these deposits, detailed stratigraphical descriptions and laboratory microanalyses (optical microscope and cathode-luminescence), a genetic interpretative model is proposed. The main formational process is dissolution, starting from solution of gypsum and anhydrite; then the processes affecting carbonate ‘parental residual rocks’ are considered. Thereafter a general instability of the rock masses is introduced with a consequent gravitational collapse. Other general processes are usually associated: tectonics, gravity and Plio-Quaternary karst phenomena. Finally, a particularly young age for the formation of the pseudocarniole deposits is noted, based on palynological data, Plio-Quaternary.
The 1999 Electoral Reforms in Indonesia: Debate, Design and Implementation
Authors: King Dwight Y. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article describes some of the major ways in which the recent electoral reforms changed the Soeharto-era electoral system. The system of only three political parties adhering to a common philosophy (Pancasila) was replaced by hundreds of parties and considerable ideological diversity. To make elections of legislators more meaningful, responsibility for the administration and supervision of elections was placed with more neutral authorities. The reforms enhanced the representativeness, power and accountability of the legislatures in various ways, including multipartyism, establishment of standing subcommissions, bestowal of subpoena power, and decrease in appointed representatives. Particular attention is given to the debate surrounding the most sensitive issues in electoral reform: appointed military representatives, proportional versus district (plurality) electoral principle, and civil servants' involvement in political parties. Despite numerous flaws both in the design of the reforms and in their implementation, reasons for cautious optimism about Indonesia's political evolution are offered in conclusion.
Surviving the Politics of Late Modernity: The Eurasian Fringe Community of Singapore1
Authors: Rappa Antonio L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper locates the Eurasian community's reconciliatory politics in an age marked by a proclivity for primordial purity within complex political, social and economic sub-systems. The word "Eurasian" has both old and new connotations; "old" because of primordial accents of physically "observable" biological mixture, and "difference"; and "new" because of cultural origins in the early to mid-sixteenth century. This paper concentrates on Eurasians in Singapore after 1945. Eurasians are the architects, objects, and subjects of a hybrid culture, a momentary reminder of a formerly powerful colonial presence in Southeast Asia. Since the early sixteenth century Eurasians have been transformed by the impact of at least three different phases of Western colonialism, and since 1955, two ongoing phases of internal colonialism by a predominantly Malay state in Malay[si]a, and a migrant, Chinese-dominated State in Singapore. Eurasians in Malaysia and Singapore survive as a fringe community: a politically, and demographically marginal community that has existed and continues to exist on the fringe of the modern Malay world, subjected through the years to the state policies of the Portuguese, Dutch, British, Malay, and Singapore governments, yet managing to preserve their culture of "Eurasianess" through a strategy of reconciliatory politics in late modernity.
Recovering a Missing Voice from Mughal India: The Imperial Discourse of Jahāngīr (R. 1605-1627) in his Memoirs
Authors: Lefèvre Corinne 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article argues against the common view according to which the Mughal emperor Jahāngīr was a political lightweight who was dominated by his famous spouse Nūr Jahān. Beginning with a discussion of the historiographical processes which presided over the construction of such a negative image, the essay continues with a thorough re-examination of the emperor's memoirs entitled Jahāngīr Nāma. This text brings out a coherent and original political voice, in which Jahāngīr skilfully connects his identities of sovereign, naturalist, and collector. The conclusion evaluates the impact of this discourse through a brief analysis of the reaction of the Mughal political and religious elite. Cet article s'élève contre l'opinion commune suivant laquelle l'empereur moghol Jahāngīr fut une figure politique mineure, dominée par sa célèbre épouse Nār Jahīn. Il s'ouvre sur une discussion des processus historiographiques qui présidèrent à la construction de cette image négative, et se poursuit par une réexamen serré des mémoires de l'empereur (ou Jahāngīr Nāma). En ressort une voix politique cohérente et originale, Jahāngīr articulant habilement ses identités de souverain, de naturaliste et de collectionneur. La conclusion évalue l'impact de ce discours à travers un rapide analyse de la réaction qu'il suscita auprès de l'élite politique et religieuse du royaume.
National Scientific Communities in the Globalized World: Global ICTs as a Tool of Modernization among the Russian Academic Community
Authors: Mirskaya Elena 
Published: December 2007

AbstractContinuous growth in the use of modern information and communication technologies (ICTs) in science essentially expands the potentialities of scientists to receive the topical scientific information and to extend the professional communication that are the crucial elements for producing the new scientific knowledge. At the same time, these global technologies after becoming an integral part of the national sciences create and promote the new forms of organizing research corresponding to the globalized world science; that is, modern ICTs per se appear as a tool of globalization and transition to the information society. Both mentioned aspects of ICTs influence give enough motivation to investigate the real processes in those scientific communities that are assimilating this innovation. It is important to note that before our study, the productivity of ICTs within the sciences was not proved, although in principle it was not doubted. This article analyzes the process of ICTs assimilation in the Russian academic community (1994-2004), including dynamics of indicators characterizing not only the level of ICTs use but also their act on professional life and productivity of scientists as well. On the basis of empirical data from Russia obtained during 10 years of sociological monitoring, the research reveals the positive correlation between the level of ICTs use by scientists and their professional success. The new “virtual” types of science organizations, such as virtual laboratories and a grid system, that are considered as offshoots of globalization, are not typical to Russian academic science, which keeps safe a more traditional style. Nonetheless, some issues connected with the long-term prospects of e-science are also discussed.
Changing Borders and Realities: Emigration of Indian Scientists and Engineers to the United States
Authors: Varma Roli 
Published: December 2007

AbstractInternational migration cannot be viewed as a byproduct of globalization since people have been migrating for centuries. However, globalization has given rise to a new kind of immigration, where a growing variety of interconnected social activities are taking place among technical immigrants at a high speed irrespective of their geographical location. The advent of instant online communication and the ability to share discoveries, inventions, advances, documents, and pictures in real time, as well as safe, easy, and fast travel options have made the traditional notions of borders, immigration, and even assimilation obsolete. This paper looks at how the tenets of immigration under globalization seem to be becoming outmoded as scientific knowledge flows between India and the U.S. It is based on the review of literature on the subject and in-depth interviews conducted in 2002-2004 with 120 Indian scientists and engineers from both countries.
Fair-Trade Coffee and Commodity Fetishism: The Limits of Market-Driven Social Justice
Authors: Fridell Gavin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper explores the claims made by various authors that the fair-trade network provides an initial basis for a challenge to the commodification of goods under global capitalism. Proponents of fair trade generally advance two essential arguments in this regard. First, they claim that fair trade reveals the social and environmental conditions under which goods are produced and brings producers and consumers together through 'ethical consumerism', which challenges the commodification of goods into items with an independent life of their own. Second, they argue that fair trade affirms non-economic values of co-operation and solidarity which challenge the capitalist imperatives of competition, accumulation, and profit-maximisation. Drawing from cases in the fair-trade coffee sector, these assertions are critically examined and it is argued that, while fair trade can provide a symbolic challenge to commodity fetishism, in the end this challenge is strictly limited by the power of global market imperatives and the network's market-driven approach.
The Portrait of Commodus in Herodian's History (1,7,5-6) as the Source of Pionius' post mortem Description in Martyrium Pionii (22,2-4)
Authors: Kozlowski Jan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe description of the martyr Pionius' body after his execution bears a remarkable likeness to a passage in the historian Herodian in which the appearance of the emperor Commodus is described. It seems most likely that the author of the Martyrium Pionii was inspired by Herodian.
Paradoxe Formulierungen bei Dionysios Areopagites mit speziellem Bezug auf Gregor von Nyssa
Authors: Alexopoulos Theodoros 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe unknown writer of the Corpus Areopagiticum is one of the most important thinkers of the Eastern Church whose theology exercised an enormous influence on the so-called mystical tradition of the mediaeval West. His writings are characterised by a great theological depth and reveal a significant familiarity with neo-platonic philosophy, in particular with that of Proclus. Nevertheless, his dependence on Cappadocian thought and above all on Gregory of Nyssa is not to be neglected. One of the points of correspondence between the two thinkers is a remarkably frequent use of antithetic terminology, as another way of expressing deep meanings. The antithesis becomes the means by which the theological paradox is brought to light and revealed and signifies the tendency of the writer to pinpoint mystical experiences. It would thus appear self-evident that a study is needed of "Pseudo-Dionysius", use of this terminology, in the form of collecting the contradictory expressions and elucidating their meaning and importance for his thought.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lev Benjamin 
Published: December 2007

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. However, we do not review software. To submit a book for review, please send it to me at the above address. Although we cannot review all books because of space limitations, we do list all books that we receive. We commission all book reviews and do not accept unsolicited reviews. To become a reviewer, please send me your name, address, and specific areas of expertise. We encourage readers to suggest books for review or to ask publishers to send copies of such books. The authors or editors of books we review in this issue are Sven Axsater, Ignacy Kaliszewski, Rainer Kleber, Bart Kosko, Hau L. Lee, and Chung-Yee Lee.
Spinoza's Normative Ethics
Authors: LeBuffe Michael 
Published: December 2007

Spinoza presents his ethics using a variety of terminologies. Propositions that are, or at least might be taken for, normative include only very few explicit guidelines for action. I will take this claim from Vp10s to be one such guideline:Vp10s: So that we may always have this rule of reason ready when it is needed, we should think and meditate often about common human wrongs and how and in what way they may best be driven away by nobility.
Empty Names and Pragmatic Implicatures
Authors: Adams Fred , Fuller Gary 
Published: December 2007

What are the meanings of empty names such as ‘Vulcan,’ ‘Pegasus,’ and ‘Santa Claus’ in such sentences as ‘Vulcan is the tenth planet,’ ‘Pegasus flies,’ and especially ‘Santa Claus does not exist’?Our view, developed in Adams et al. (1992, 1994, 1997, 2004), consists of a direct-reference account of the meaning of empty names in combination with a pragmatic-implicature account of why we have certain intuitions that seem to conflict with a direct-reference account.
Conflicts of Rules in Hooker's Rule-Consequentialism
Authors: Eggleston Ben 
Published: December 2007

It is the business of ethics to tell us what are our duties.—John Stuart MillJust about any proponent of a rule-based theory of morality must eventually confront the question of how to resolve conflicts among the rules that the theory endorses. Is there a priority rule specifying which rules must yield to which, as in Rawls's lexical ordering of the first principle of his theory of justice over the second? Must the agent intuitively balance considerations, as in certain forms of intuitionist pluralism? Or might there be some other conflict-resolving provision? Brad Hooker, a defender of a rule-based theory of morality that he calls ‘rule-consequentialism,’ confronts this question about conflicts of rules in his recent bookIdeal Code, Real World: A rule-Consequentialism Theory of Morality. In this paper, I examine Hooker's answer to this question, and I argue that his answer fails to solve a serious problem that arises from such conflicts.
Music as Erotic Magic in a Renaissance Romance*
Authors: Brooks Jeanice 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study examines the musical writings of the occult philosopher Jacques Gohory, particularly his musical additions to his version of book 11 of the serial romanceAmadis de Gaule. Although music and romance were often treated by contemporaries as, at best, trivial occupations for leisure hours, Gohory saw both as potential triggers for beneficial self-transformation: music and romance fully participate in the therapeutic and spiritual goals that motivate his more overtly philosophical and medical works. His use of romance as a vehicle for occult philosophy was an important means of disseminating concepts of music as natural magic beyond intellectual circles into the wider milieu of the French court, where occult understandings of music gained substantial currency by 1600.
Patrician Sages and the Humanist Cynic: Francesco Filelfo and the Ethics of World Citizenship*
Authors: Blanchard W. Scott 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe fifteenth-century humanist Francesco Filelfo (1398–1481) spent much of the period from 1429 to 1444 involved with Florentine politics, becoming a strong advocate on behalf of the patrician oligarchs, many of whom were exiled in 1434 at the return of Cosimo de’ Medici from eleven months of exile. Filelfo’s works from the period, including his satires, theOratio ad exules,and the consolatory treatise entitledCommentationes Florentinae de exilio,were a response to the Florentine political crisis. Filelfo demonstrates in these works not only a rhetorical and political purpose on behalf of his patrons, but also takes the opportunity to reflect on the notion ofworld citizenship,a philosophical concept derived largely from Stoic and Cynic sources.
“If I could write”: Margherita Datini and Letter Writing, 1385–1410*
Authors: Crabb Ann 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMargherita Datini’s correspondence with her husband Francesco presents a well-documented case of progress from partial to full literacy. In Margherita’s merchant world, letter writing was a major concern, and her household duties included frequent reports to her absent husband. First, she prided herself on her dictation, and then she turned her attention to reading and writing. A recently discovered autograph letter shows that she was writing at twenty-eight, earlier than previously thought, and she attained full literacy in her mid-thirties. After that, writing no longer seemed a challenge, and she returned to using a scribe.