bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of atopic and nonatopic children with chronic cough: Bronchoalveolar lavage cell profile
Authors: Ferreira Flavia de A , Filho Luiz Vicente F Silva , Rodrigues Joaquim Carlos , Bush Andrew , Haslam Patricia L 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChronic cough is a common complaint in children and its relationship with asthma is controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of airway inflammation in atopic and nonatopic children with chronic cough, and to investigate whether atopy is a predictive factor for eosinophilic inflammation in cough. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL; three aliquots of 1 ml/kg saline) was performed in the right middle lobe of 24 (11 atopic and 13 nonatopic) children with persistent cough (8 females, 16 males), mean age 4.7 years (range: 1–11). Atopy was defined as an elevated total serum IgE or a positive RAST test. Both atopic and nonatopic children with persistent cough had an increase in total cells/ml in BAL (atopic: median 39 × 104, range: 20–123; nonatopic: median 22 × 104, range: 17–132) compared to nonatopic controls (median 11 × 104, range 9–30). The increases were mainly in neutrophils (atopic: median 17%, range 2.5–88.5%; nonatopic: median 6%, range 1.0–55.0%) compared to controls (median 1.55%, range 0.5–7.0%; atopics vs. controls, P < 0.005). There were no significant increases in eosinophils, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, or mast cells. Eosinophils were elevated in only 5/11 atopic and none of the nonatopic children. The increased percentage of neutrophils in the BAL fluid of atopic and nonatopic children with persistent cough could be due to an underlying inflammatory process driving the cough, or even conceivably, due to the effect of coughing itself. In this highly selected series, the absence of eosinophilic inflammation in the majority suggests that most would be predicted not to respond to inhaled corticosteroid therapy. This study underscores the need to be cautious about treating coughing children with inhaled corticosteroids, even in the context of a tertiary referral practice. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007;42:857–863. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Broncholithiasis in an immune compromised boy with disseminated Mycobacteriumkansasii
Authors: Cuppen I. , de Lange W.C.M. , de Graaf S.S.N. , Mol S.J.J. , Boetes C. , Yntema J.L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA case of broncholithiasis in a child is reported. To our knowledge, it has not been reported in children. Broncholithiasis is a condition in which a peribronchial calcified lymph node erodes into or distorts an adjacent bronchus. Symptoms of broncholithiasis include cough, recurrent episodes of fever, haemoptysis, and purulent sputum. The most common cause of broncholithiasis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Here we describe a 14‐year‐old boy known to have disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii (M. kansasii) infection associated with hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). He was presented with cough and fever. Computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy revealed a large calcified mass eroding in the right main bronchus. While surgical therapy was considered, haemoptysis developed and his condition deteriorated. Bone marrow puncture revealed acute myeloid leukemic transformation of the MDS. Curation was no longer possible. Post mortem examination revealed a large bronchiolith, evolving from a calcified lymph node. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:980–983. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors for the development of bronchiectasis in HIV‐infected children
Authors: Berman David M. , Mafut Damaris , Djokic Boris , Scott Gwendolyn , Mitchell Charles 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOur objective was to describe the risk factors for the development of bronchiectasis in HIV‐1 infected children. This study was a retrospective, case controlled study based upon medical record review of HIV‐1 infected children receiving primary care at a single large, urban medical center in Miami, Florida. Cases (HIV‐1 infected children who developed bronchiectasis while being cared for between January 1982 and September 2000) were matched 1:3 (birth ± 24 months) with controls (HIV‐1 infected children without bronchiectasis). Variables analyzed including number of episodes of pneumonia (including Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonitis [PCP], lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP), and CDC category of immunosuppression) were noted in both cases and controls until the age at which the cases developed bronchiectasis. Of the 749 patients whose charts were reviewed, 43 met the case definition for bronchiectasis and 19 met the eligibility criteria for this study. Fifty‐seven controls were randomly selected from the patients without bronchiectasis. Cases were more likely to have experienced recurrent pneumonia than the controls; 17 (89.5%) versus 5 children (8.8%) respectively (P‐value ≤0.001) as well as a greater mean number of episodes of pneumonia 8.2 (range, 4–13) versus 1.45 (range, 0–9) respectively (CI = (5.58,7.82); P‐value ≤0.001). Cases were more likely to have progressed to CDC immunological category 3 than the controls; 19 (100%) versus 32 (56%) children respectively (P‐value <0.001). LIP occurred more frequently in the cases than in the controls; 14/19 (73.6%) versus 19/57 (33.3%), respectively (P‐value = 0.005). HIV‐1 infected children with a history of recurrent pneumonia, profound immuno‐suppression (CDC immunologic category 3), and LIP appear to have a higher risk of developing bronchiectasis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:871–875. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nitric oxide production in PCD: Possible evidence for differential nitric oxide synthase function
Authors: Paraskakis Emmanouil , Zihlif Nadwa , Bush, MB, BS (Hons), MA, MD, FRCP, FRCPCH Andrew 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPrimary cilliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by decreased levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), thought to reflect low activity of airway inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels. Alveolar NO (Calv) concentration and bronchial NO (JNO) flux can be calculated from FeNO measured at multiple exhalation flow rates. We hypothesised that whereas bronchial NO would be reduced in PCD due to reduced iNOS function, alveolar NO would reflect endothelial NOS (eNOS) function and be normal. We recorded the medical history; measured FeNO at multiple flow rates (50, 100, 200, 260 ml/sec); and performed spirometry in 24 children (aged 8–16 years). FeNO50 of the PCD children was significantly lower than normal mean (±SD) 8.1 ± 1.3 ppb versus 12.5 ± 1.6 ppb, P = 0.033. The mean ± SD values of PCD (n = 24) and normal (n = 20) subjects were respectively: JNO: 383.5 ± 307.9 versus 650.1 ± 489 pl/s, P = 0.033, Calv: 1.60 ± 0.78 versus 1.60 ± 0.75 ppb, P = NS. We show that Calv is normal in PCD, demonstrating that there is no generalized disorder of NO handling in this condition. This differs from a previous report. Furthermore, we speculate that these data may provide supportive evidence that variable flow NO measurements can assess the relative activity of iNOS and eNOS. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:876–880. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polysomnographic characteristics in patients with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Lin Hsiang‐Yu , Lin Shuan‐Pei , Lin Ching‐Chi , Tsai Li‐Ping , Chen Ming‐Ren , Chuang Chih‐Kuang , Huang Chi‐Yu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the occurrence of sleep‐disordered breathing and to clarify the characteristics of sleep among patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). Overnight continuous EEG‐polysomnographic studies were performed in 30 patients with PWS (16 males and 14 females; mean age, 7.4 ± 4.1 years; age range, 1–19 years) unselected for sleep disturbance. The baseline arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) was 96.6 ± 0.6%, with a nadir of 77.2 ± 10.2%. The rapid eye movement (REM) latency was 67.4 ± 30.0 min. The percent of total sleep time spent in sleep stages 1, 2, slow wave, and REM were 13.1 ± 8.2%, 41.9 ± 10.5%, 21.5 ± 9.4%, and 21.1 ± 5.7%, respectively. The respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was 5.8 ± 3.7/hr and desaturation index (DI) was 8.1 ± 7.3/hr, respectively. Age‐adjusted BMI was associated with more severe hypoxemia during sleep (baseline SpO2, r = −0.53, P < 0.01; nadir SaO2, r = −0.65, P < 0.01; RDI, r = 0.37, P < 0.05; DI, r = 0.53, P < 0.01) and more sleep disruption (arousal index, r = 0.46, P < 0.01). There were no significant associations between gender or genotype pattern (deletion vs. uniparental disomy) and the results of polysomnography. Sleep hypoxemia and sleep disruption are more prevalent in patients with PWS than in normal children. Obesity in these patients is associated with more severe sleep‐disordered breathing. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42: 881–887. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung inflammation and pulmonary function in infants with meconium aspiration syndrome
Authors: Cayabyab Rowena G. , Kwong Kenny , Jones Craig , Minoo Parviz , Durand Manuel 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between inflammation and pulmonary function, we quantified changes in inflammatory cellular profile, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and pulmonary function in intubated neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).MethodsSixteen term infants were studied. Tracheal aspirate fluids, obtained within the first 6, 24, 48, and 96 hr of life were used for measurements of: (1) cellular profile changes; (2) mRNA and protein levels for pro‐inflammatory cytokines, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α, using RT‐PCR and ELISA. Using the same time points as above, we determined mean airway pressure, oxygenation index (OI), alveolar‐arterial oxygen gradient, and arterial/alveolar oxygen ratio. Baseline tidal volume and pulmonary compliance were obtained.ResultsBirth weight was 3,820 ± 656 g, gestational age 39.8 ± 1.4 weeks. Mean airway pressure and OI significantly decreased from the first 6–96 hr of age (P = 0.01, P = 0.027). Cell counts were elevated in the first 6 hr compared to 96 hr (17.4 × 106/ml vs. 1.5 × 106/ml, P < 0.05). Pro‐inflammatory cytokines decreased from the first 6–96 hr: IL‐1β (187 vs. 37 pg/ml, P < 0.05); IL‐6 (3,469 vs. 150 pg/ml, P < 0.05); IL‐8 (16,230 vs. 6,334 pg/ml, P = 0.01).ConclusionsMAS is associated with an inflammatory response characterized by the presence of elevated cell count and pro‐inflammatory cytokines which significantly decreased by 96 hr of life. This decrease in lung inflammation has a positive correlation with corresponding decreases in mean airway pressure and oxygenation index, two parameters associated with improved pulmonary function. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:898–905. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deadspace estimation from CO2 versus molar mass measurements in infants
Authors: Thamrin C , Latzin P , Sauteur L , Riedel T , Hall GL , Frey U 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundEstimation of respiratory deadspace is often based on the CO2 expirogram, however presence of the CO2 sensor increases equipment deadspace, which in turn influences breathing pattern and calculation of lung volume. In addition, it is necessary to correct for the delay between the sensor and flow signals. We propose a new method for estimation of effective deadspace using the molar mass (MM) signal from an ultrasonic flowmeter device, which does not require delay correction. We hypothesize that this estimation is correlated with that calculated from the CO2 signal using the Fowler method.MethodsBreath‐by‐breath CO2, MM and flow measurements were made in a group of 77 term‐born healthy infants. Fowler deadspace (Vd,Fowler) was calculated after correcting for the flow‐dependent delay in the CO2 signal. Deadspace estimated from the MM signal (Vd,MM) was defined as the volume passing through the flowhead between start of expiration and the 10% rise point in MM.ResultsCorrelation (r = 0.456, P < 0.0001) was found between Vd,MM and Vd,Fowler averaged over all measurements, with a mean difference of −1.4% (95% CI −4.1 to 1.3%). Vd,MM ranged from 6.6 to 11.4 ml between subjects, while Vd,Fowler ranged from 5.9 to 12.0 ml. Mean intra‐measurement CV over 5–10 breaths was 7.8 ± 5.6% for Vd,MM and 7.8 ± 3.7% for Vd,Fowler. Mean intra‐subject CV was 6.0 ± 4.5% for Vd,MM and 8.3 ± 5.9% for Vd,Fowler. Correcting for the CO2 signal delay resulted in a 12% difference (P = 0.022) in Vd,Fowler. Vd,MM could be obtained more frequently than Vd,Fowler in infants with CLD, with a high variability.ConclusionsUse of the MM signal provides a feasible estimate of Fowler deadspace without introducing additional equipment deadspace. The simple calculation without need for delay correction makes individual adjustment for deadspace in FRC measurements possible. This is especially important given the relative large range of deadspace seen in this homogeneous group of infants. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:920–927. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The combination of PCR and serology increases the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization/infection in cystic fibrosis
Authors: da Silva Filho Luiz Vicente F. , Tateno Adriana F. , Martins Kátia M. , Azzuz Chernishev Ana Carolina , de Oliveira Garcia Doroti , Haug Maria , Meisner Christoph , Rodrigues Joaquim C. , Döring Gerd 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization/infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) using microbiological culturing methods may be difficult. Serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be useful techniques for early detection of P. aeruginosa in children with CF.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis comparing results obtained by three different methods for P. aeruginosa identification was performed in 87 CF patients with a mean age of 9.7 years. Microbiological culturing and PCR targeting the algD GDP mannose dehydrogenase gene of P. aeruginosa were performed in sputum or oropharyngeal swabs samples, and serum antibodies against three P. aeruginosa antigens (elastase, alkaline protease, and exotoxin A) were assessed once.ResultsIt was possible to isolate P. aeruginosa by culture in samples from 42 patients (48.2%), while PCR was positive in 53 (60.9%) patients. Serology was positive in 38 patients (43.6%), with a higher positivity for elastase (37.9%), followed by alkaline protease (29.9%) and exotoxin A (19.5%). The difference among the three isolated methods was not statistically significant. The combination of PCR + serology was significantly superior to single methods, to PCR + culture and also to culture + serology.ConclusionsPCR identified a higher number of patients with P. aeruginosa than serology and conventional culture, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Any of the combination methods that included PCR resulted in significantly statistical differences in relation to isolated microbiological or serology methods, but not to the PCR method alone, suggesting that PCR may be the main additive method for P. aeruginosa identification. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:938–944. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methacholine and adenosine 5′‐monophosphate challenges in preschool children with cough‐variant and classic asthma
Authors: Bakirtas Arzu , Turktas Ipek 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBronchial challenge with different stimuli provides different information and may be used as an adjunct to understand the pathophysiology of cough variant asthma (CVA) in young children in whom the mechanism of disease is still unresolved. This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine and adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP) is similar in preschool children with CVA and classic asthma. We examined airway response to methacholine and AMP in well‐defined 3–6‐year‐old children with CVA (n = 18), classic persistent asthma (n = 31), and healthy controls (n = 10) by transcutaneous oxygen monitorization. The number of AMP responsive children was significantly lower in the group with CVA (38.9%) than classic persistent asthma (67.7%) (P = 0.049). Mean provocative concentration of AMP causing a 15% fall in transcutaneous oxygen tension (PC15PtcO2 AMP) in children with CVA and classic persistent asthma were 234.58 and 36.35 mg/ml, respectively (P = 0.001). None of the healthy children in the control group responded to AMP. The severity of methacholine responsiveness was found similar in CVA and classic persistent asthma groups (P = 0.738). Although both asthma groups showed a similar pattern in methacholine responsiveness, preschool children with CVA were found to differ from children with classic persistent asthma with regard to response profiles to AMP challenge which may point to different pathophysiologic mechanisms of CVA in the young age group. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:973–979. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum: Pulmonary fungal infection diagnosis in chronic granulomatous disease patients
Authors: Sierre Sergio , Lipsich Jose , Santos Patricia , Hernandez Claudia , Siminovich Monica , Oleastro Matias , Zelazko Marta , Rosenzweig Sergio D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of Pediatric Pulmonology, 42(9) 2007, 851–852. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20653.
A revised program for operational discipline
Authors: Klein James A. , Vaughen Bruce K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to review the development and implementation of a next generation approach to improving operational discipline (OD) programs at DuPont, in order to help sustain high levels of process safety management performance. DuPont defines OD as a deeply rooted dedication and commitment by each member of the organization to carry out each task, the right way, each time. Eleven organizational characteristics have been used to help evaluate and drive continuous improvement of OD, which have now been simplified to four primary characteristics. Ultimately, though, it is individuals who do the day‐to‐day work required by PSM systems, and it is these actions that help determine if the organization is able to operate with high levels of OD. With this in mind, DuPont's program has been revised to include a new emphasis on individual characteristics of OD, based on knowledge, commitment, and awareness. Discussion will include why OD is important, how OD can be characterized for both organizations and individuals, and how the revised program has been implemented. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2007
Miniaturized TEG with thermal generation of free carriers
Authors: Span Gerhard , Wagner Martin , Grasser Tibor , Holmgren Lennart 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe rising interest in low temperature heat energy conversion encourages the application of thermoelectric devices. However, conventional thermoelectric devices used in the Seebeck mode as thermoelectric generators have several shortcomings and thus are inefficient when used as a generator. Additionally, the high cost–power ratio of these modules anticipates the commercial success on a broad basis. One way to achieve better suited products is provided by miniaturization of thermoelectric devices in order to enable the use of mass production methods. But in small devices the contact effects become dominant and reduce the efficiency and power density considerably. We show that using pn‐junctions with thermal generation of free carriers offers the possibility to achieve better contact properties and thus higher efficiencies and power densities.magnified image(© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Density functional computations of alkynylation of ethanimine catalyzed by chiral zinc(II)‐complexes
Authors: Meng Qingxi , Wang Fen , Li Ming 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe alkynylation of ethanimine catalyzed by chiral zinc(II)‐complexes was studied by means of the density functional theory (DFT). All the intermediates and transition states were optimized completely at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level. Calculation results confirm that the alkynylation of ethanimine is exothermic and the total released energy is about −13 kJ/mol. The formation of the catalyst–alkynyl complexes M4 is the rate‐determining step for this alkynylation, and the formation of the catalyst–amine complexes M5 is the chirality‐limiting step for this alkynylation. The transition states for the chirality‐limiting step have a HOZnCCN six‐membered ring. The dominant products predicted theoretically for this alkynylation are, respectively, S‐amine for ethanimine anti and R‐amine for ethanimine syn. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
A quantum chemistry study on boron nitrides (BNN)2n and (BNN)2n2+ (n = 3–8)
Authors: Xu Yu , Li Qian Shu 
Published: August 2007

Abstract(BNN)2n (n = 3–8) with eclipsed Dnh conformations (Series I), except (BNN)8 with Oh conformation, (BNN)2n2+ (n = 3–8) with staggered Dnd conformations (Series II), and the analogous BCO‐based compounds have been studied in the present paper using density functional theory. All the species are located as genuine minima and show high stability with respect to the dissociation into BNN (BCO) or N2 (CO). It is found that the strong aromaticity is one of the important factors in the stability of Series II and the angular strain dominantly affects the stability of Series I with relatively weak aromaticity. The same is also observed for the corresponding BCO analogies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Conformational analysis of cycloheptane, oxacycloheptane, 1,2‐dioxacycloheptane, 1,3‐dioxacycloheptane, and 1,4‐dioxacycloheptane
Authors: Freeman Fillmore , Hwang Jung H. , Hae Junge Eun , Dinesh Parmar Prem , Renz Zhongwei , Trinh James 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe conformational analysis of cycloheptane (1), oxacycloheptane (2), 1,2‐dioxacycloheptane (3), 1,3‐dioxacycloheptane (4), and 1,4‐dioxacycloheptane (5) has been carried out using B3LYP, CCD, CCSD, and QCISD with the 6‐311+G(d,p) and cc‐pVDZ basis sets. The twist chair conformers are predicted to be lower in energy than their corresponding boat and chair conformations. All levels of theory predict (4) to be lower in energy than (3) and (5). CCSD predicts remarkably similar activation barriers for the conformational interconversion of the twist chair conformers to their corresponding boat conformers. Small barriers to pseudorotation are also predicted. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
First principle MD study on the structural and electronic properties of liquid and amorphous NI81B19 and NI80P20 alloy
Authors: Zhu Jiang‐Bo , Dai Guo‐Liang , Qiao Ming‐Hua , Fan Kang‐Nian 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAtomic and electronic structures of liquid and amorphous Ni81B19 and Ni80P20 alloys were simulated by ab initio molecular dynamics. Pair correlation function, bond pair analysis, electronic population analysis, and density of states were calculated. It was found that amorphous Ni81B19 and Ni80P20 alloys can be prepared by rapid quenching, and their structures are similar to those of liquid alloys. Bond pair analysis indicated that the environment of each atom in Ni81B19 system is dominated by icosahedral and distorted icosahedral inherent structures; however, in Ni80P20 system, the tetrahedral order is preponderant. Strong interactions occur between the d‐electrons of Ni and the p‐electrons of B (or P), which leads to the covalent interactions between Ni and B (or P) atoms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008