bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats of Japan
Authors: Ishida Takuo , Washizu Tsukimi , Toriyabe Kazushige , Motoyoshi Shigekatsu , Tomoda Isamu , Pedersen Niels C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A seroepidemiologic survey for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection was conducted in Japan. Between June and December 1987, individual sera (n = 3,323) were submitted by veterinary practitioners from many parts of the country. Specimens were from 1,739 cats with clinical signs suggestive of fiv infection and from 1,584 healthy-appearing cats seen by the same practitioners. The overall fiv infection rate among cats in Japan was 960/3,323 cats (28.9%). The infection rate was more than 3 times higher in the clinically ill cats, compared with that in the healthy cats of the same cohort (43.9 vs 12.4%). Male cats were 1.5 times as likely to be infected as were females. Almost all fiv-infected cats were domestic cats (as opposed to purebred cats).
Complete clinical history was available for 700 of 960 fiv-infected cats. Of these 700 fiv-infected cats, 626 (89.4%) were clinically ill, and the remainder did not have clinical signs of disease. The mean age at the time of fiv diagnosis for the 700 cats was 5.2 years, with younger mean age for males (4.9 years) than for females (5.8 years). Most of the infected cats (94.7%) were either allowed to run outdoors or had lived outdoors before being brought into homes. The mortality for fiv-infected cats during the 6 months after diagnosis was 14.7%, and the mean age at the time of death was 5.7 years.
Concurrent FeLV infection was seen in 12.4% of the fiv-infected cats, but this was not much different from the historical incidence of FeLV infection in similar groups of cats not infected with fiv. Dually infected cats were of a younger mean age than were cats infected only with fiv (4.3 vs 5.2 years). Cats coinfected with fiv and FeLV tended to die at a younger age than did cats infected only with fiv (4.6 vs 5.7 years). There was no obvious relationship between fiv infection rate and antibody titer interpreted as positive for infection with feline infectious peritonitis virus, and feline infectious periotonitis among fiv-infected cats was less than historically expected for the population as a whole.
The clinical signs seen most frequently in fiv-infected cats were stomatitis/gingivitis (52.4%), chronic upper respiratory tract disease (28.9%), anemia (17.9%), emaciation (14.6%), bacterial infections (14.4%), chronic shin disease (13.4%), and chronic enteritis (11.9%). Less frequently observed clinical findings were renal disease, fever of unknown origin, lymphadenopathy, and leukopenia. A small number of fiv-positive cats had infections caused by opportunistic organisms. These diseases included haemobartonellosis, notoedric mange, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, Pseudomonas infection, candidiasis, and atypical mycobacterial infections. Three young fiv-infected cats had FeLV-negative lymphosarcoma or fibrosarcoma.
Epidemiologic observations on feline immunodeficiency virus and Toxoplasma gondii coinfection in cats in Baltimore, Md
Authors: Witt C. J. , Moench T. R. , Gittelsohn A. M. , Bishop B. D. , Childs J. E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Five hundred eighty-five serum samples obtained between 1980 and 1981 from a diverse population of cats were tested by use of an indirect immunoperoxidase assay for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). Results of 14 of the samples were positive (prevalence, 2.4%). The fiv-positive cats were markedly older than the overall population and frequently were coinfected (57%) with Toxoplasma gondii. The Toxoplasma titers of the fiv-positive cats were significantly (P<0.03) higher than those of the fiv-negative cats. The fiv-positive cats were not coinfected with FeLV. Our findings suggested that fiv-associated immunosuppression may be a factor in active Toxoplasma infection in adult cats.
Serologic response of domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) to canine distemper and rabies virus vaccines
Authors: Hoover John P. , Baldwin Charles A. , Rupprecht Charles E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Nine unrelated 12-week-old naive domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were used to evaluate the serologic responses to commercial canine distemper virus (cdv) and rabies virus (rv) vaccines. Five of the ferrets (group 1) were inoculated 3 times at 2-week intervals with a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine of canine cell-line origin, containing cdv and an inactivated rv vaccine. Four of the ferrets (group 2) were inoculated once with the multivalent modified-live virus vaccine containing cdv and were not inoculated with the rv vaccine. Both group-1 and group-2 ferrets seroconverted to the cdv component of the vaccine. Group-1 ferrets also seroconverted after rv vaccination and maintained serum antibody titers to both cdv and rv for at least 7 months.
Domestic ferret sera were found to have IgG epitopes similar to sera of domestic dogs and cats. Domestic ferret sera did not contain antibodies to feline coronavirus or FeLV antigens.
Idiopathic gonitis in heifers: 34 cases (1976–1986)
Authors: Madison John B. , Tulleners Eric P. , Ducharme Normand G. , Hull Bruce L. , Rings D. Michael , Welker Frank H. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Acute suppurative arthritis of the stifle joint was diagnosed in 34 Holstein heifers between 1976 and 1986. Only 1 stifle joint was affected in each heifer; however, 1 heifer also had involvement of the contralateral radiocarpal joint. In each hiefer, there was marked lameness and synovitis characterized by an effusion with high synovial fluid nucleated cell counts and total protein concentration. Seventy-four percent (25/34) of the heifers had radiographic evidence of an osteolytic lesion involving the lateral tibial plateau. Bacteriologic cultures of synovial fluid, synovial membrane, and bone yielded no growth. Eighteen of 23 (78%) affected heifers for which follow-up data was obtained became productive herd members after treatment.
Ultrasonography as a diagnostic aid in horses with anaerobic bacterial pleuropneumonia and/or pulmonary abscessation: 27 cases (1984–1986)
Authors: Reimer Johanna M. , Reef Virginia B. , Spencer Pamela A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The medical records of 83 horses with pleuropneumonia and/or pulmonary abscessation, in which thoracic sonography was used, were reviewed. The sonograms of these horses were reviewed retrospectively for free gas echoes within pleural or abscess fluid. Anaerobic infection was confirmed in 27 horses, and gas echoes were observed in 21 horses. There was a significant (P<0.001) correlation between the observation of gas echoes and anaerobic infection in horses with pleuropneumonia and/or pulmonary abscessation. A foul odor to the breath or pleural fluid was significantly (P<0.001) associated with anaerobic infection. Poor survival rates were associated with gas echoes or a foul odor to the breath or pleural fluid, both of which were associated with anaerobic infection.
Gas echoes within pleural or abscess fluid were found to be a sensitive and specific indicator of anaerobic infection, as was a putrid odor to the breath or pleural fluid. Evaluation for gas echoes and foul odor had better predictive value than did evaluation for gas echoes or foul odor alone.
Gas echoes within pleural or abscess fluid is highly suggestive of anaerobic infection. Ultrasonography should be performed repeatedly in horses with pleuropneumonia to assess the progression or resolution of pleural and parenchymal disease. The detection of gas echoes on subsequent ultrasonograms may indicate the development of anaerobic infection.
Efficacy of intrauterine infusion of plasma for treatment of infertility and endometritis in mares
Authors: Adams G. P. , Ginther O. J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
We evaluated the efficacy of intrauterine plasma infusion in mares as a treatment for infertility caused by endometritis and distinguished the effects of intrauterine infusion of plasma vs saline solution. Forty-three subfertile mares were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: untreated controls (n = 14), those treated by saline infusion (n = 14), and those treated by plasma infusion (n = 15). Reproductive status was assessed daily by transrectal ultrasonography. Uterine aspirates and biopsy specimens were obtained 8 days after ovulation for cytologic and histologic evaluation, and mares were treated on days 12 to 16. Uterine aspirates and biopsy specimens were obtained again on day 8 of the next estrous cycle, and the mares were bred at the subsequent estrus. A postovulation intrauterine infusion of either plasma or saline solution was administered to mares in their respective treatment groups. Biopsy specimens were scored from 1 (no indications of inflammation) to 6 (severe inflammation).
The pregnancy rate was lower (P<0.005) for mares with scores 5 and 6 (0/5) than for those with scores 1 to 4 (17/35). There was no significant effect of treatment nor a treatment by biopsy score interaction on pregnancy rate; however, the pregnancy rate for mares treated with plasma or saline solution (9/27) tended to be lower than for the control (untreated) mares (8/13). There was no change in mean biopsy score between specimens obtained before treatment and those obtained after treatment for the control group and the group treated with saline solution; however, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in scores in the group treated with plasma. Averaged over all groups, the uterine aspirates of mares that became pregnant had more (P<0.01) healthy epithelial cells and fewer (P<0.01) neutrophils than mares that did not become pregnant.
The results did not support the hypothesis that intrauterine infusion with plasma or saline solution is efficacious in treating endometritis. Pregnancy rate and uterine biopsy scores were not improved after either treatment, and in the group treated with plasma, the degree of endometrial inflammation was greater during the posttreatment estrous cycle.
Cholelithiasis in horses: Ten cases (1982–1986)
Authors: Johnston Janet K. , Divers Thomas J. , Reef Virginia B. , Acland Helen 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Ten horses with clinical signs consistent with cholelithiasis were evaluated. Fever, icterus, mild intermittent colic, and weight loss were reported. Clinical laboratory abnormalities included leukocytosis, hyperproteinemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. Gamma glutamyltransferase and liver isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase activities also were high. Choleliths were observed via ultrasonography of the liver in 5 of the 8 horses evaluated, and increased echogenicity of the hepatic parenchyma and dilated bile ducts were observed in all horses. Seven horses were treated medically, 5 of which died or were euthanatized. Three horses were treated surgically, of which only 1 survived. Cholelith composition varied, but cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and mixed bile pigments were most commonly observed.
Mycotic omasitis and rumenitis as sequelae to sepsis in dairy cattle: Six cases (1979–1986)
Authors: Sweeney R. W. , Divers T. J. , Gillette D. M. , Whitlock R. H. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Medical records of 6 cows with mycotic rumenitis or omasitis, but no history of grain engorgement, were reviewed. A diagnosis was made at necropsy in all cows, although the condition was suspected before euthanasia in 3 cows. Common clinical findings included inappetence, rumen stasis, fluid rumen contents, and scant, pasty, or loose feces. Postmortem findings included severe ulcerative rumenitis or omasitis, with thrombosis of blood vessels in the submucosa, and branching, septate fungal hyphae abundant in inflamed tissues. In these cows, mycotic omasitis and rumenitis were thought to be sequelae of sepsis, with reflux of abomasal fluid into the forestomach and broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy as possible predisposing factors for mycotic infections.
Randomized efficacy trials of long-acting oxytetracycline in neonatal pigs
Authors: Gardner Ian A. , Hird David W. , Franti Charles E. , Glenn John S. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Prophylactic efficacy of 100 mg of long-acting oxytetracycline (otc) given im to neonatal pigs within 12 hours of birth was evaluated in a swine herd. The herd had a history of increased neonatal mortality, diarrhea, foot abscess, and arthritis in nursing pigs. Two trials were conducted in which litters and individual pigs were the treatment groups of interest. In both trials, otc treatment failed to reduce mortality, diarrhea, or arthritis or the need for subsequent antimicrobial therapy (P > 0.05). Preweaning weight gains were not increased (P > 0.05) in treated pigs. However, in the individual pig trial, foot abscess rates were significantly (P = 0.01) lower in treated pigs (3.7%) than in nontreated pigs (8%). Aerobic bacteria isolated from pigs with diarrhea, arthritis, or foot abscess had minimum inhibitory concentrations for otc of ≥64 μg/ml or were classed as resistant on the basis of disk-diffusion tests.
Total parenteral nutrition in clinically normal cats
Authors: Lippert Aunna C. , Faulkner James E. , Evans A. Thomas , Mullaney Thomas P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Seven clinically normal cats were maintained on total parenteral nutrition (tpn) with nothing given po for 2 weeks. The tpn solution consisted of a mixture of dextrose, amino acids, soybean oil emulsion, electrolytes, and vitamins.
Three cats were fed calories in excess of published maintenance requirements, and they gained some weight, vomited occasionally, had oral ulcerations, and had signs of depression after 10 to 13 days on tpn. Four cats that were not overfed did well clinically and maintained stable body weights.
All cats developed anemia and thrombocytopenia to varying degrees during tpn administration and had polyuria and serum triglyceride concentrations higher than normal fasting values. Some cats had changes in liver-specific biochemical variables. Hepatocellular swelling and vacuolation and small intestinal villous atrophy and fusion were the most common histopathologic changes seen after tpn. These changes were reversible when tpn was discontinued and the cats were returned to enteral nutrition.
Fate of conceptus and corpus luteum after induced embryonic loss in heifers
Authors: Kastelic J. P. , Ginther O. J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Ultrasonography was performed to determine the fate of the conceptus and the corpus luteum after induced embryonic loss in heifers. When embryonic loss was induced by administration of prostaglandin F2α (25 mg, im) on day 28 (n = 10) or day 42 (n = 10), embryonic death occurred 2.3 ± 0.2 (mean ± sem) and 2.6 ± 0.2 days, respectively, after treatment, and subsequent ovulation occurred 2.4 ± 0.3 and 2.7 ± 0.2 days, respectively, after embryonic death. Administration of a mitotic inhibitor (1 mg of colchicine, intrauterine; n = 4) on day 42 resulted in embryonic death in 1.2 ± 0.2 days and ovulation in 20.8 ± 3.1 days after embryonic death. Rupture of the amnion on day 42 (n = 3) resulted in immediate death of the embryo and ovulation in 35 ± 3.5 days.
In prostaglandin-treated heifers, area of the corpus luteum decreased (P<0.01) between days —2 and —1, relative to day of embryonic death. Volume of uterine contents remained approximately constant for 2 or 3 days after treatment, then decreased >75% between examinations on consecutive days. Embryonic death apparently resulted from luteolysis and was characterized by rapid loss of the conceptus with minimal conceptus degeneration; an intact conceptus was recovered from the vagina of 3 heifers treated on day 42.
In heifers treated with colchicine or in which the amnion was ruptured, embryonic death was associated with maintenance of the corpus luteum and prolonged retention of the conceptus, which underwent extensive degeneration. In colchicine-treated heifers, area of the corpus luteum and height of uterine contents decreased (P < 0.02) between days —1 and 0 relative to day of first detected cervical patency. In heifers with amniotic rupture, there was a tendency for area of the corpus luteum to decrease between days —2 and —1 and for volume of uterine contents to decrease between days —4 and —3, relative to cervical patency.
Breeding soundness of beef bulls after circumcision: 33 cases (1980–1986)
Authors: Baxter G. M. , Allen D. , Wallace C. E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Case records of 33 beef bulls that had preputial prolapses and underwent circumcisions were reviewed. Data retrieved included age, breed, duration of preoperative medical treatment, complications of surgery, length of time from surgery to first breeding, ability of bull to copulate, duration of active breeding, and complications resulting in breeding unsoundness. The mean age of all bulls was 3.5 years (1 to 7 years). Breeds represented included Santa Gertrudis (n = 13), Beefmaster (n = 8), Brangus (n = 7), Brahman (n = 4), and Angus (n = 1). The mean duration of medical treatment before surgery for all bulls was 16.4 days (2 to 38 days). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean duration of medical treatment before surgery between bulls that became breeding sound (16 days), compared with those that were breeding unsound (19 days). However, bulls requiring more than 14 days of medical treatment before surgery were approximately 3 times (relative risk, 2.8) more likely to develop postoperative complications than those bulls requiring 14 days of treatment or less. Eleven bulls (33%) developed one or more postoperative complications. The complications resolved in 4 bulls, but 7 were never able to breed. Of these 7 bulls, 4 had problems directly related to the circumcision, 2 had extensive fibrosis of the prepuce already present at surgery, and 1 was discharged from the hospital with no apparent complications but was never able to breed. Twenty-five of the 33 bulls (76%) were breeding sound for 1 or more years after surgery. One bull, although able to breed, died 3 to 4 months after surgery, possibly from pneumonia secondary to aspiration of rumen contents during anesthesia. The mean duration from surgery to the first breeding for those bulls that became breeding sound was 4.3 months (0.5 to 10.5 months). The mean duration of active breeding for these 25 bulls was 2 years (1 to 5.5 years), with 17 still breeding cows. Complications leading to breeding unsoundness included phimosis (n = 4), adhesions (n = 5), preputial strictures (n = 4), and fibrosis of the prepuce (n = 3). Usually more than one of these problems contributed to each bull’s inability to copulate.
Relation of endogenous Heinz bodies to disease and anemia in cats: 120 cases (1978-1987)
Authors: Christopher Mary M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Disease diagnosis, age, sex, and selected hematologic variables were evaluated retrospectively in a population of feline patients with high number of circulating Heinz bodies. By comparing these cats with a control population and results of additional hematologic investigation on a subsample of the cats, we tested the hypotheses that endogenous Heinz body formation is increased in specific disease states and that endogenous Heinz bodies may contribute to anemia.
There was strong correlation between diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, and lymphoma and Heinz body formation. Diabetic cats, in particular, consistently had marked Heinz body formation. These diseases together accounted for nearly 40% of cats with Heinz body formation, but for <12% of cats of the control group. The pcv of cats with Heinz bodies (29.77 ± 9.32%) was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than that of control cats (35.33 ± 8.08%). Polychromasia and punctate reticulocyte number were slightly increased in cats with Heinz body formation and correlated significantly (P <0.001) with pcv. A subsample of 13 of the cats had significant (P < 0.006) inverse correlation between Heinz body percentage and erythrocyte reduced glutathione (gsh) concentration. Mean gsh concentration was significantly lower in cats with Heinz bodies, compared with that in a random cat population (5.28 ± 1.67 μmοl/g of hemoglobin vs 7.06 ± 2.10 μmol/g of hemoglobin), in which gshvalues followed normal distribution. Cats with Heinz body formation were older, and were more likely to be spayed.
Horner's syndrome in dogs and cats: 49 cases (1980-1986)
Authors: Morgan Rhea V. , Zanotti Stephen W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Medical records of 49 dogs and cats with Horner's syndrome were reviewed. Causes included head, neck, and chest trauma, chronic otitis, cranial thoracic mass, and injury attributable to cleaning of the external ear canal. Cause could not be delineated in 54.5% of the dogs. Numerous diagnostic tests and pharmacologic challenge exposure with epinephrine were used to localize the site of injury. Resolution of all clinical signs was observed in 36 animals and required a mean of 7.7 weeks.
Description of an epizootic and persistence of Streptococcus equi infections in horses
Authors: Sweeney Corinne Raphel , Benson Charles E. , Whitlock Robert H. , Meirs David A. , Barningham Stephen O. , Whitehead Suzanne C. , Cohen Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The age-specific attack rates of Streptococcus equi infections of the upper respiratory tract and lymph nodes (strangles) in horses for the different age groups were 17.6% for broodmares, 47.5% for 1-year-old horses, and 37.5% for foals. Streptococcus equi was isolated from nasal, pharyngeal, or lymph node specimens in 31 (60.8%) of 51 sick horses. A male 1-year-old horse, shipped from Kentucky to farm A, was considered to be the index case. Six (19.4%) of 31 horses with strangles remained as shedders of S equi after clinical signs of the disease had ended. Shedders of S equi were not identified from horses that were exposed to infected horses but never developed strangles.
Comparison of bronchodilators in alleviating clinical signs in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Pearson Erwin G. , Riebold Thomas W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A representative of each of 3 types of bronchodilators was given iv to horses with clinical signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We used atropine (0.01 mg/kg of body weight) as an anticholinergic, isoproterenol HCl as a β-adrenergic, and aminophylline, the soluble salt of theophylline, as a methylxanthine. Response to these drugs was evaluated by measuring maximal change in intrathoracic pressures (ΔPpl) and observing clinical signs.
Atropine caused a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in ΔPpl, compared with that caused by aminophylline. Atropine caused the ΔPpl to decrease an average of 83 ± 15% toward normal. Clinical improvement was noticed in 87% of the cases. Maximal changes in pleural pressures were reduced by an average of 21 ± 14 mm of Hg, with 27% returning completely to normal. Isoproterenol helped 77% of horses clinically, and caused ΔPpl to decrease an average of 68 ± 31% toward normal. The average reduction in ΔPpl was 16 ± 10 mm of Hg. Aminophylline helped alleviate clinical signs of 50% of the horses and caused ΔPpl to decrease an average of 41 ± 36% toward normal. The average reduction in ΔPpl was 10 ± 11 mm of Hg.