bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early toxic effects of fumonisin B1 in rat liver
Authors: Domijan AM , Želježić D , Peraica M , Kovačević G , Gregorović G , Krstanac Ž , Horvatin K , Kalafatić M 
Published: March 2009

Mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) is hepatotoxic and carcinogenic in experimental animals. It is known that long-term exposure of experimental animals to FB1 causes apoptosis and lipid peroxidation. In this study, male adult Wistar rats were treated with single FB1 doses (5, 50, and 500 μg/kg b.w.) and sacrificed 4, 24, and 48 hours after treatment. Parameters of oxidative stress, histopathological changes, and DNA damage were monitored in the liver of treated and control animals. Parameters of oxidative stress were not affected by such treatment. A significant increase in apoptotic cells appeared in animals when 5 μg/kg b.w. dose was given and sacrificed after 24 hours with further increase at higher doses. In contrast to the number of mitotic figures and karyomegaly seen mostly at lower FB1 doses, necrosis was the prominent feature at higher doses. Significant increase in liver cells DNA mobility was observed 48 hours following treatment with 50 and 500 μg/kg b.w. as compared to control (tail length 15.2 ± 0.3, 16.4 ± 0.5, and 13.5 ± 0.1 μm, respectively). Tail intensity appeared to be more sensitive parameter for detecting DNA damage even at 5 μg/kg b.w. after 48 hours (1.69 ± 0.27% DNA; control 0.59 ± 0.11% DNA). This study proved that FB1-induced DNA damage is time- and dose-dependent, and that it could be caused in Wistar rats by a single dose.
Transcriptional changes in U343 MG-a glioblastoma cell line exposed to ionizing radiation
Authors: Bassi CL , Mello SS , Cardoso RS , Godoy PDV , Fachin AL , Junta CM , Sandrin-Garcia P , Carlotti CG , Falcão RP , Donadi EA , Passos GAS , Sakamoto-Hojo ET 
Published: March 2009

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive and radioresistant brain tumor. Aiming to study how glioma cells respond to γ-rays in terms of biological processes involved in cellular responses, we performed experiments at cellular context and gene expression analysis in U343-MG-a GBM cells irradiated with 1 Gy and collected at 6 h post-irradiation. The survival rate was approximately 61% for 1 Gy and was completely reduced at 16 Gy. By performing the microarray technique, 859 cDNA clones were analyzed. The Significance Analysis of Microarray algorithm indicated 196 significant expressed genes (false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.42%): 67 down-regulated and 97 up-regulated genes, which belong to several classes: metabolism, adhesion/cytoskeleton, signal transduction, cell cycle/apoptosis, membrane transport, DNA repair/DNA damage signaling, transcription factor, intracellular signaling, and RNA processing. Differential expression patterns of five selected genes ( HSPA9B, INPP5A, PIP5K1A, FANCG, and TPP2) observed by the microarray analysis were further confirmed by the quantitative real time RT-PCR method, which demonstrated an up-regulation status of those genes. These results indicate a broad spectrum of biological processes (which may reflect the radio-resistance of U343 cells) that were altered in irradiated glioma cells, so as to guarantee cell survival.
Protection of cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in reproductive tract histology, sperm characteristics, and DNA damage by an herbal source; evidence for role of free-radical toxic stress
Authors: Rezvanfar MA , Sadrkhanlou RA , Ahmadi A , Shojaei-Sadee H , Rezvanfar MA , Mohammadirad A , Salehnia A , Abdollahi M 
Published: March 2009

Cyclophosphamide (CP) as an anticancer alkylating agent has been known as a male reproductive tract toxicant. The aim of this study was to examine whether Satureja khuzestanica essential oil (SKEO) as an established herbal antioxidant, might protect tract rat reproductive system from toxicity of CP. To reach this aim, total antioxidant power (TAP) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in testis and plasma, blood levels of sex hormones, sperm characteristics, DNA integrity and chromatin quality, and fertility in male rats were tested. Histopathological analysis of testes and epididymides and staining of mast cells were performed for assessment of spermatogenic disorders. CP (6 mg/kg/day) and SKEO (225 mg/kg/day) were administered alone or in combination by gavage for 28 days. In the CP-exposed rats, testicular and plasma LPO increased, TAP decreased, plasma testosterone diminished, and both spermatogenesis and fertility were impaired. In CP-treated rats, a decrease in sperm quality was associated with increased DNA damage and decreased chromatin quality. Coadministration of SKEO significantly improved CP-induced changes in plasma testosterone, sperm quality, spermatogenesis and fertility, toxic stress, and DNA damage. It is concluded that CP-induced toxic effects on androgenesis and spermatogenesis is mediated by free radicals. SKEO protects reproductive system from toxicity of CP through its antioxidant potential and androgenic activity.
Learning Mazes with Aliasing States: An LCS Algorithm with Associative Perception
Authors: Zatuchna Zhanna V. , Bagnall Anthony 
Published: March 2009

Learning classifier systems (LCSs) belong to a class of algorithms based on the principle of self-organization and have frequently been applied to the task of solving mazes, an important type of reinforcement learning (RL) problem. Maze problems represent a simplified virtual model of real environments that can be used for developing core algorithms of many real-world applications related to the problem of navigation. However, the best achievements of LCSs in maze problems are still mostly bounded to non-aliasing environments, while LCS complexity seems to obstruct a proper analysis of the reasons of failure. We construct a new LCS agent that has a simpler and more transparent performance mechanism, but that can still solve mazes better than existing algorithms. We use the structure of a predictive LCS model, strip out the evolutionary mechanism, simplify the reinforcement learning procedure and equip the agent with the ability of associative perception, adopted from psychology. To improve our understanding of the nature and structure of maze environments, we analyze mazes used in research for the last two decades, introduce a set of maze complexity characteristics, and develop a set of new maze environments. We then run our new LCS with associative perception through the old and new aliasing mazes, which represent partially observable Markov decision problems (POMDP) and demonstrate that it performs at least as well as, and in some cases better than, other published systems.
The importance of hygiene in the domestic kitchen: Implications for preparation and storage of food and infant formula
Authors: Redmond Elizabeth C , Griffith Christopher J 
Published: March 2009

Aims: Public concerns relating to food safety remain high with most attention focused on manufactured foods and those served in catering operations. However, previous data have suggested that the home may be the main location for cases of food-borne disease. The aim of this paper is to review the microbiological risks associated with hygiene in the domestic kitchen related to food and infant formula safety. Methods: Compared to other food sectors, research on consumer food hygiene, domestic food-handling and preparation of infant formula is relatively understudied. Behavioural and microbiological studies of consumer hygiene and the domestic kitchen have been reviewed to incorporate research relating to the safety of infant formula. Results: Incidence data identify the home as an important location for acquiring food-borne disease. The domestic kitchen can be used for a variety of purposes and is often contaminated with potentially harmful micro-organisms such as Campylobacter and Salmonella. Consumer hygiene habits have frequently been found to be inadequate and relate both to microbial growth, survival and cross-contamination. Due to the reduced immune response of infants, the activities associated with the preparation of infant formula and associated bottles and equipment are of particular concern. Conclusions: Cumulatively, the data suggest that more effort should be made to educate the consumer in food hygiene, especially when the kitchen is used to reconstitute infant formula. This information needs to be provided in a form appropriate for use by consumers.
Enhancement of Excimer Fluorescence from Thin Dye Film by Single Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Laurent Guillaume , Asahi Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
We studied the enhancement of excimer emission from a thin perylene dye film (10-nm thickness) by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of single gold nanoparticles (GNPs), and observed a large fluorescence enhancement factor of about 25. The absence of excitation wavelength dependence of the enhancement factor indicates that the fluorescence intensity enhancement is mainly due to an increase of the radiative emission rate by LSPR.
First-principles Study of the Electron Transport of Single Alkanedithiol Molecule under the Influence of Compression
Authors: Li Yanwei , Yin Zhoulan , Yao Jinhuan , Zhao Jianwei 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The effect of compression on electron transport of a single alkanedithiol molecule has been investigated by the first-principles method that combines the nonequilibrium Green’s function technique and density functional theory. The compression effect on the transportation behavior has been discussed in terms of electronic structures and transmission spectra. The results demonstrate that compression of the molecule may affect the conductance dramatically.
Dibutyltin Dibromide-catalyzed Trimethylsilylcyanation of Aldehydes and Imines
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira , Matsumoto Takuya , Arai Takayoshi , Yoshida Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Dibutyltin dibromide efficiently catalyzes addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes and aldimines. Various trimethylsilylated cyanohydrins and α-aminonitriles are obtained in moderate to high yield by this method.
Photoreversible Switching of Magnetic Coupling in a Two-dimensional Copper Octacyanomolybdate
Authors: Tokoro Hiroko , Nakagawa Kosuke , Nakabayashi Koji , Kashiwagi Toshinori , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
We observed photoreversible switching between weak antiferromagnetic exchange coupling and ferromagnetic exchange coupling in a 2-dimensional cyanide-bridged Cu–Mo bimetallic assembly, [CuII(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclodecane)]2[MoIV(CN)8]·10H2O. This photomagnetic switching is caused by photo-induced electron transfer from MoIV to CuII by irradiation with blue light, and photoinduced back electron transfer by irradiation with red light.
Effect of Methylation at the C2 Position of Imidazolium on the Structure of Ionic Liquids Revealed by Large Angle X-ray Scattering Experiments and MD Simulations
Authors: Fujii Kenta , Mitsugi Takushi , Takamuku Toshiyuki , Yamaguchi Toshio , Umebayashi Yasuhiro , Ishiguro Shin-ich 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Liquid structures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide [BMI+][TFSA−] and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide [BDMI+][TFSA−] were studied by large-angle X-ray scattering (LAXS) experiments to elucidate methyl substitution effect at the C2 position of imidazolium cation on the long-range ordering of the ionic liquids. Radial distribution functions for both ionic liquids showed that the intermolecular correlations of ca. 5.5 and 10 Å are significantly different from each other, unlike that of ca. 15 Å. MD simulations were also performed. It turns out that the methyl substitution at the C2 position of imidazolium causes variation of the orientation of the nearest neighboring ion–ion interactions without significant changes in the long-range ordering, probably longer than 15 Å, of the ionic liquids.
Accurate detection and complete tracking of large populations of features in three dimensions
Authors: Gao Yongxiang , Kilfoil Maria L. 
Published: March 2009

Localization and tracking of colloidal particles in microscopy images generates the raw data necessary to understand both the dynamics and the mechanical properties of colloidal model systems. Yet, despite the obvious importance of analyzing particle movement in three dimensions (3D), accurate sub-pixel localization of the particles in 3D has received little attention so far. Tracking has been limited by the choice of whether to track all particles in a low-density system, or whether to neglect the most mobile fraction of particles in a dense system. Moreover, assertions are frequently made on the accuracies of methods for locating particles in colloid physics and in biology, and the field of particle locating and tracking can be well-served by quantitative comparison of relative performances.
We show that by iterating sub-pixel localization in three dimensions, the centers of particles can be more accurately located in three-dimensions (3D) than with all previous methods by at least half an order of magnitude. In addition, we show that implementing a multi-pass deflation approach, greater fidelity can be achieved in reconstruction of trajectories, once particle positions are known. In general, all future work must defend the accuracy of the particle tracks to be considered reliable. Specifically, other researchers must use the methods presented here (or an alternative whose accuracy can be substantianted) in order for the entire investigation to be considered legitimate, if the basis of the physical argument (in colloids, biology, or any other application) depends on quantitative accuracy of particle positions.
We compare our algorithms to other recent and related advances in location/tracking in colloids and in biology, and discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of all the algorithms in various situations. We carry out performance tests directly comparing the accuracy of our and other 3D methods with simulated data for both location and tracking, and in providing relative performance data, we assess just how accurately software can locate particles. We discuss how our methods, now applied to colloids, could improve the location and tracking of features such as quantum dots in cells.
Micro-Cone Penetrometer for More Concise Subsurface Layer Detection
Authors: Lee Woojin , Shin Dong-Hyun , Yoon Hyung-Koo , Lee Jong-Sub 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
As the disturbance zone and measurement of soil properties are affected by the size of the penetrometer, a more local value may be measured by a smaller penetrometer. An ultra small Micro-Cone penetrometer with a 5 mm outer diameter is designed and manufactured to characterize soil properties with minimum disturbance during penetration tests. The tip resistance is measured by using strain gages attached near the Micro-Cone (MC) tip. A friction sleeve is adopted to effectively remove the skin friction from the tip resistance. Design concerns include the installation of strain gages, circuits, operating temperature, input voltage, penetration systems, penetration rate, sampling rate, and calibration. Application tests show that the air-clay interface, and the soil layers that consist of clay and sand are closely detected by the MC penetrometer. The cone tip resistances measured by the MC and the miniature cone with a 16 mm outer diameter are similar in clay. The strength change in sand after multiple liquefactions is clearly identified. This study shows that, with a relatively high resolution, the MC penetrometer may effectively detect the soil interface and yield the reasonable cone tip resistance.
Monitoring Methods for Toxics in the Atmosphere
Authors: Zielinski WL , Dorko WD 
Published: March 2009

Description
Addresses some of the most important classes of air toxics, those that currently generate national and international concern regarding human and ecological hazards, namely volatile organic compounds; acid gases; and HCL and heavy metals from waste incineration. 16 papers that review developments and challenges in the areas of sampling, instrumentation, standards, and analysis of monitoring programs for quantitatively assessing levels of toxic air pollutants.
Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Ninth Volume)
Authors: Garbo SP 
Published: March 2009

Description
Focuses on significant advances in the area of damage tolerance and durability of composite structures. 27 papers are presented in sections on:
• Structural Considerations and Analysis
• Delamination Initiation and Growth Analysis
• Damage Mechanisms and Test Procedures
• Other Test and Design Subjects.
For those involved in composite research or design of advanced composite structures.
Waste Testing and Quality Assurance: Second Volume
Authors: Friedman D 
Published: March 2009

Description
Follows the progress and major developments in waste testing, environmental monitoring, and related quality assurance. 33 papers highlight:
• waste and environmental media sampling
• property and hazard assessment
• chemical and biological analysis
• estimating migration of hazardous constituents from wastes
• analytical methods laboratory data management
• quality assurance.
Waste Testing and Quality Assurance: Third Volume
Authors: Friedman D 
Published: March 2009

Description
Third in a series, STP 1075 covers new technology, methods, and quality assurance procedures for waste management. Though the 429-page volume focuses on problems related to hazardous waste management and contaminated site cleanup, the methodology and practices are applicable to all forms of envionrmental monitoring and material characterization. For environmental lab directors and senior chemists in the enviornmental field.
Thermal and Mechanical behavior of Metal Matrix and Ceramic Matrix Composites
Authors: Kennedy JM , Moeller HH , Johnson WS 
Published: March 2009

Description
16 peer-viewed papers on both continuous and discontinuous ceramic and metal matrix composites. Analysis and modeling; behavior of ceramic matrix composites; behavior of metal matrix composites; and test methods.
For aerospace engineers/scientists, materials technologists, university and R&D organizations, researchers; those involved in composite research and the design of advanced composite structures.
Corrosion in Natural Waters
Authors: Baloun CH 
Published: March 2009

Description
Presents 7 papers on the degradation of metallic materials in natural or nearly natural waters:
• Seawater Corrosivity Around the World: Results from Three Years of Testing
• Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels in Waters Containing Chloride and Sulfate Ions
• Corrosion Fatigue Testing of Steels as Applicable to Offshore Structures
• Corrosion Testing in New York Reservoirs and Investigations of In-Service Corrosion
• Evaluating Corrosion control in Water Distribution Systems at US Army Bases
• Effect of Ground Water Composition on the Electrochemical Behavior of Carbon Steel: A Statistical Experimental Study
• Long-Term Weathering of Organic and Inorganic Coatings on Steel and Aluminum.
Roofing Research and Standards Development: 2nd Volume
Authors: Wallace TJ , Rossiter WJ 
Published: March 2009

Description
14 papers assess the performance of low-sloped roofing systems. Sections include:
• Elastomeric and Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
• Analytical Investigations of Roofing Systems
• Bituminous Roofing Systems.
Subjects include: seam performance of rubber roofing; practical field experiences with new roofing materials and systems; testing BUR membranes under biaxial load; analysis of uplift resistance of roofing systems; performance of BUR systems and porosity of fiber glass felts; and strain energy as a performance criterion for BUR membranes.
Skiing Trauma and Safety: Eighth International Symposium
Authors: Mote CD , Johnson RJ 
Published: March 2009

Description
21 peer-reviewed papers present the latest in skiing injury prevention and future developments in equipment and methods to reduce the risk of skiing injury.
Chapters include:
• The Knee
• Skiing Injury Statistics
• The Ski Boot
• The Ski
• Education and Behavior.
For sports medicine physicians and ancillary personnel treating sports injuries; ski area operators, ski patrolmen, research engineers, recreational and racing skiers, and anyone interested in the promotion of safer skiing.
Water in Exterior Building Walls: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Schwartz TA 
Published: March 2009

Description
Nothing in our known universe is at once as constructive and destructive as water. It supports life while it turns stone to sand. It provides energy and delivers essential services to our built environment, while simultaneously degrading the materials in that built environment by corrosion, erosion, dissolution, decay, and expansion due to freezing. The papers presented in this Special Technical Publication (STP) explore both the problems associated with water in the exterior walls of buildings and the solutions to those problems.
Polymer Modified Asphalt Binders
Authors: Wardlaw KR , Shuler S 
Published: March 2009

Description
Peer-reviewed papers discus the use of elastomers such as styrene block copolymers, latex rubber, and various plastomers that include EVA and polyethylene. In 2 sections: laboratory studies of polymer modified asphalt binders for it mix asphalt; and emulsions and full scale field experiments which explore construction aspects of polymer modified asphalt pavements.
Composite Materials: Fatigue and Fracture (Third Volume)
Authors: O'Brien TK 
Published: March 2009

Description
38 papers by authors from universities, government, and industry give a balanced presentation on these subjects:
• Matrix Cracking and Delamination
• Interlaminar Fracture Toughness
• Delamination Analysis
• Strength and Impact
• Fatigue and Fracture.
For aircraft designers, researchers in aerospace materials, composite material manufacturers, aerospace professors; also engineering designers, engineering professors.
Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres: Fifth Volume
Authors: Stoltzfus J , McIlroy K 
Published: March 2009

Description
Important resource on the proper, safe use of materials in oxygen-enriched environments. 34 papers provide a previously unavailable reference of oxygen-system design concepts and practices. A keynote paper by Dr. Irvin Glassman disucsses the combustion fundamentals of low-volatility materials in oxygen-enriched environments. 6 sections follow:
• Development and Evaluation of Test Methods
• Ignition and Combustion of Nonmetals
• Ignition and Combustion of Metals
• Analysis of Ignition Mechanisms
• Material Selection
• Miscellaneous
For oxygen manufacturers and users, oxygen system designers, safety officers propulsion system designers and operators, anesthesiologists and oxygen therapists, and scuba equipment users.
Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Tenth Volume)
Authors: Grimes GC 
Published: March 2009

Description
Experts in the field of composite materials and structures from government, industry, and academia discuss current research and development on composites and the state-of-the-art engineering applications to structures in this volume from ASTM.
Important composite materials technical issues are discussed in 8 sections:
• Compression Test Methodology Analysis and Development
• General Test Methodology Analysis and Development
• Material Mechanical Properties and Failure Criteria
• Advanced Materials Analysis and Test
• Analysis, Test, and Certification of Structure
• Quality Assurance and Process Control
• Interlaminar Fracture Analysis and Test
• Damage, Flaws, and Repair.
For those involved in composite research or design of advanced composites structures.
Advances in Fatigue Lifetime Predictive Techniques
Authors: Mitchell MR , Landgraf RW 
Published: March 2009

Description
Papers from fatigue researchers and practitioners review recent progress in the development of methods to predict fatigue performance of materials and structures and to assess the extent to which these new methods are finding their way into practice. 27 papers on:
• General Approaches
• Elevated Temperature Phenomena
• Spectrum Loading
• Multiaxial Behavior
• Applications.