bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ stress determination from breakouts in the Tornquist Fan, Denmark
Authors: Ask Maria V.S. , Müller Birgit , Stephansson Ove 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe Tornquist Fan, a fan‐shaped region in Denmark and Western Baltic, is situated in the transition zone between the Western and Northern European Stress Provinces. Breakout data from 20 wells (0.3–3.6 km) were analysed. The fan can be divided into three stress provinces: (i) The area south of the Rømø Fracture Zone is part of the Western European Stress Province and has NNW‐SSE orientation of the maximum horizontal stress, (ii) The sediment cover in the Nonvegian‐Danish Basin is dominated by ENE‐WSW orientated maximum horizontal stress, (iii) The maximum horizontal stress is sub‐parallel to the strike of the Sorgenfrei‐Tornquist Zone. Deviations from the regional stress field were observed in wells close to faults and salt diapirs. In wells south of the Sorgenfrei‐Tornquist Zone, breakout occurrence decreases with increasing age of the stratigraphic units. The downhole breakout distribution seems to correlate with lithology and thickness of the sediment layer.
Geochemical subdivision and correlation of clay‐rich beds in Turonian sediments of northern Germany
Authors: Wray David S. , Wood Christopher J. , Ernst Gundolf , Kaplan Ulrich 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThin, clay‐rich beds form a key component of the lithostratigraphic scheme established for Middle and Upper Turonian sediments in northern Germany. Previously, using limited petrographic evidence, clay‐rich beds across much of this region have been classified as either containing altered volcanic ash (bentonites) or detrital clays. This paper demonstrates that the use of rare‐earth element (REE) data enables a rapid and reliable subdivision of clay‐rich beds into those composed of bentonitic clays and those composed of detrital clays. Application of this method to the Lower Saxony region of northern Germany demonstrates that four bentonites (TC Tdi, Te and Tf) and a number of detrital beds can be reliably identified and correlated. Three beds previously proposed to be bentonites are reinterpreted as being composed of detrital clays (To, TD2 and TG) and a revision of the stratigraphic nomenclature is proposed. Analysis of clay‐rich beds from the Munster Basin demonstrates that it is possible to correlate individual bentonites and detrital beds between Lower Saxony and the Miinster Basin, and between shallow and deep water facies.
Late Oligocene‐early Miocene sedimentary evolution of the foreland basins in the Sicilian mobile belt: the example of the Peloritani area
Authors: Nigro Fabrizio 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTIn the northeastern corner of Sicily (Peloritani Mountains) thin bodies of hercynian crystalline basement, covered by Meso‐Cenozoic veneers of sedimentary rocks, represent the highest and innermost Africa‐vergent group of thrust units of the Sicilian Belt. The Peloritani tectonic edifice consists of a set of prevalently middle‐ to high‐grade crystalline rocks (so‐called Fondachelli Unit, Mandanici Unit and Aspromonte Unit) and thrusts over a thin tectonic wedge made of prevalently Mesozoic to Tertiary sedimentary covers overlying pre‐Triassic low‐grade metamorphic rocks (Longi‐Taormina Unit). The tectonic bodies of the Peloritani thrust system are overlain by thick clastic sequences of late Oligoceneearly Miocene age (the so‐called Stilo‐Capo d'Orlando Formation). Previous work has pointed out the ‘molassic’ character of these clastic sequences, which postdate the main deformation phase of the Peloritani belt, started during Oligocene time. New structural data on the crystalline and sedimentary terrains, sedimentological analysis of the outcropping Oligo‐Miocene foreland clastic deposits and their geometric relationships with the substrate, make it possible to recognize the syn‐tectonic character and the timing of deformation of these basin‐fill deposits, which are expressed by prograding clastic fans in the active margin of a foreland‐foredeep system. This system has progressively been involved in the accretion of the Sicilian Belt and migration during the early Miocene towards the more external areas represented by the Sicilide sector. Seen in this light, three different lithological units have been distinguished to prdvide a framework for a review of the palaeotectonic significance of the overall Oligo‐Miocene terrigenous covers of the Peloritani Thrust belt
Liquefaction, ground fissures and coastline change during the Egio earthquake (15 June 1995; Central‐Western Greece)
Authors: Lekkas E. , Lozios S. , Skourtsos E. , Kranis H. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe destructive earthquake (Ms = 6.1 R) that hit the town of Egio and the surrounding area of the Northern Peloponnessos (Greece) generated extensive liquefaction, ground fissuring and coastline changes.Historical data indicate that the same region has experienced episodic earthquake damage, with some seismogenic phenomena having reoccurred at the same locations. In conclusion, it is confirmed that this is a high seismic risk region, where proper building design and planning can reduce the potential danger if the geodynamic setting is properly taken into account.
Aspects morphologiques et structuraux de la tonsille palatine du boeuf (Bos taurus) et du buffle (Bubalus buffalus)
Authors: Pelagalli Par G. V. , Langella M. , Colella G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe palatine tonsil was studied comparatively on 10 heads each of ox and buffalo. On latex casts the branches of the tonsillar sinus were demonstrated. Histological study included the epithelium of the tonsillar sinus, the connective tissue of capsule and septa, the lymphatic tissue and intra and extracapsular glandular lobules
Morphologie und Entwicklung der venösen Gefäße der Gebärmutter beim Rind in der Fetal‐ und Neonatalperiode*
Authors: WYROST P. , MOLENDA O. , RADEK J. , RADEK T. 
Published: July 2007

Summary Morphology and development of the uterine veins during the fetal and neonatal periods of cattle.A total of 101 specimens were used; they came from 89 fetuses (4th to 40th week of gestation) and 12 neonates (1 to 14 days old). The age of the fetuses was determined according to the method of Kantorova (1960). The uterine veins were filled with latex using an automatic injection apparatus of our own construction. The study showed that blood left the uterus of the examined animals through constantly present veins (Ramus uterinus venae ovaricae, V. uterina and Ramus uterinus venae vaginalis) as well as through a number of inconstant veins to which belonged the Vv.vaginales accessoriae craniales et caudales. The constant uterine veins and their branches differed from their adult counterparts by being morphologically more differentiated, especially by having more branches of which some disappeared with time. The uterine veins developed toward the end of the fetal period. They arose either from the most caudal Vv. mesonephridicae lumbales (V. ovarica and its branches), or from the segmental, visceral veins of the pelvis (V. uterina and Vv. vaginales).
Structural and Ultrastructural Differentiation of Cell Types in the Gills of the Tench (Tinca tinca, L.)
Authors: Roncero V. , Redondo E. , Gazquez A. , Duran E. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThis study used 22 tench of 25–30cm in length and weighing roughly 200g. After sacrifice, the gill arch was extracted and fixed in 5% glutaraldehyde for structural, ultrastructural and morphometrical study.Tench gills consist of primary lamellae which are perpendicular to numerous secondary lamellae in which the respiratory barrier is located. A study was made of the structures which make up that barrier and of the multi‐layered epithelium situated in the interlamellar space, which is closely linked to maintaining of internal balance in the fish.
Adaptaciones en la composici6n fibrilar del musculo Longisimo lumbar a entrenamientos de resistencia
Authors: Morales‐Lopez J.L. , Agüera E. , Rodriguez‐Barbudo M.V. , Diz A. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe effect of exercise training on the longissimus muscle types was investigated in rats. There were four groups of rats, each exposed to exercise of equal intensity, but of varying duration. A segment of the longissimus muscle between the 2nd and 4th lumbar vertebrae was used for muscle fiber classification with histochemical ATPase classification.With exercise there were no significant changes in the percentage of the muscle comprised of type I muscle fibers. There was, however, significant increase in the percentage of type II A fibers. This paralleled a decrease in type II B fibers. The percentage of FG fiber types decreased significantly in all groups studied. There was a correlation between intensity and duration of exercise and the degree of decrease seen in the latter fiber types. An increase in oxidative muscle capabilities was evidenced by the changes observed in the subtypes of class II fibers.
THE STATUS OF BLADDER. P. RESERVING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MUSCLE–INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER
Authors: (c) K Koiso , (cc) W Shipley , (cc) F Keuppens , Baert L , Hall R , Hudson M'Liss A , Khoury S , Kubota Yoko , Kubota Yoshinobu , Poppel H van 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe recommended treatment for medically fit patients with muscle–invading bladder cancer is usually radical cystectomy. However, transurethral resection of the tumor, partial cystectomy, irradiation and systemic chemotherapy are each effective in some patients. These latter treatments allow bladder preservation and cure as an alternative to radical cystectomy although when used unselectively the survival rates are inferior to those of radical cystectomy.The updated results of conservative surgery, radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy as monotherapy, as well as strategies of combined modality treatment were reviewed. Based on this review many areas of consensus were reached which include:1. The primary goal of any treatment for a patient with muscle–invading bladder cancer is survival; bladder preservation in the interest of quality of life is a secondary objective.2. Only a small proportion of carefully selected patients may be cured by transurethral surgery alone, or by partial cystectomy alone.3. Radiation therapy is currently the standard bladder–preserving therapy against which all other bladder–preserving methods must be compared.4. Systemic chemotherapy as monotherapy is inadequate and cannot be recommended.5. The addition of cisplatin–containing systemic chemotherapy to radiation therapy or conservative surgery appears to improve local control. While no multi–modality therapeutic regimen has yet been shown to be clearly optimal with regard to local efficacy and minimizing toxicity, monotherapy for bladder preservation is probably not desirable as a routine approach.6. Deferring the patient from immediate cystectomy does not appear to compromise survival, nor does the addition of primary systemic chemotherapy appear to significantly increase the morbidity of cystectomy or radiotherapy.7. All patients treated by .bladder–preserving therapy must return to the urologist for regular cystoscopic follow–up so that additional therapy may be started at the earliest opportunity if relapse occurs.8. Bladder substitution is suboptimal compared with a normally functioning, disease–free bladder.9. If alternatives to cystectomy are not considered, little progress will be made in the treatment of muscle–invading bladder cancer.10. Randomized phase III trials must be performed to establish the role of optimal combined modality treatment for bladder preservation, but patient recruitment into such trials may prove difficult unless urologists are prepared to open their minds to the possibility that cystectomy may not be the best treatment for all patients with muscle–invading bladder cancer. Further, urologists must be prepared to have their patients randomized into phase III protocols and investigators must not allow premature publication of findings.
TREATMENT OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA WITH HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND: AN INITIAL CLINICAL TRIAL IN JAPAN WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE TREATED AREA
Authors: Nakamura Kaoru , Baba Shiro , Fukazawa Ritsu , Homma Yukio , Kawabe Kazuki , Aso Yoshio , Tozaki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

BackgroundHigh intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a method of delivering acoustic energy to a focal point and is expected to induce tissue thermal ablation. Transrectal HIFU was applied to symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) for relief of intravesical obstruction without injury to surrounding tissue. The clinical effectiveness and safety of transrectal HlFU were investigated. Methods: Thirty‐seven Japanese men with symptomatic BPH were treated with HIFU. The treatment was minimally invasive; operating time was less than 40 minutes, and a post treatment indwelling catheter was left in place for 3–4 days.Results:me maximum urinary flow rate (ml. per second) increased from 7.6 ± 0.6 to 9.3 ± 0.6 at three months in 37 patients (P < c 0.05). During the same period the International Prostatic Symptom Soore and Quality of Life score (points) decreased from 23.6 ± 1.4 to 10.5 ± 0. 5.2 ± 0.3 to 2.6 ± 0.1 (P < 0.001), respectively. Overall response estimated by these three individual parameters were as follows; excellent 18.9 %, good 48.6 %, fair 70.8% and poor 21.6% at three months. Magnetic resonance imaging using an endorectal coil showed coagulative necrosis defined in the therapy zone at one month after treatment. Side effects were transient urinary retention in six patients (16.2%), gross hematuria in four patients (10.8%) and hematospermia in four patients (10.8%). There was almost no intraoperative blood loss.Conclusions:Transrectal HIFU treatment of symptomatic BPH is safe, reduces symptoms significantly. and leads to a slight increase in uroflow.
EN BLOC RADICAL CYSTOPROSTATOURETHRECTOMY WITH PRESERVATION OF SEXUAL FUNCTION
Authors: Arai Yoichi , Yoshida Osamu 
Published: July 2007

Background:Recent understanding of the precise anatomy of the cavernous nerves to the penis allows us to preserve potency in men undergoing radical prostatectomy or radical cysto‐prostatectomy. A technique of urethrectomy that preserves potency has been also developed. To date, however, delayed urethrectomy has been recommended to preserve potency. We have applied a nerve‐sparing technique to en bloc cystoprostatourethrectomy. Methods: Seven patients have undergone simultaneous urethrectomy with the radical cystoprostatectomy by the nerve‐sparing technique. Patient age ranged from 52 to 69 years (mean age, 61.3 years). All patients were potent preoperatively. Meticulous and complete dissection of the membranous urethra from the pelvis is the key to preservation of potency at urethrectomy.Results:The patients were followed for 7 to 64 months (mean, 27.3 months). Four (57%) of the patients regained potency postoperatively. Two patients were able to have erections postoperatively but are still impotent.Conclusions:Our clinical results show that it is possible to perform simultaneous urethrectomy and preserve potency.
CONTINENCE MECHANISM OF THE ORTHOTOPIC NEOBLADDER: URODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF ILEOCOLIC NEOBLADDER AND EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER FUNCTIONS
Authors: Kakixaki Hidehiro , Shibata Takashi , Ameda Kaname , Shinno Yuichiro , Nonomura Katsuya , Koyanagi Tomohiko 
Published: July 2007

Background:The main objectives of bladder substitution are the preservation of the upper urinary tract and maintenance of urinary continence. Orthotopic bladder substitution makes it possible to achieve urinary continence as well as normal passage of urine through the urethra. Creation of a low pressure reservoir and careful preservation of the distal sphincter mechanism are considered to be of utmost importance for the maintenance of urinary continence after orthotopic bladder Substitution. However, sphincter behavior after orthotopic bladder substitution has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vesicourethral continence mechanism after orthotopic bladder substitution in male patients. Methods: Urodynamic evaluation was performed in 14 male patients after cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer and an ileocolic neobladder using a cecourethral anastomosis.Results:Good continence was achieved in 86% (12/14) of the patients during the day and in 79% (11/14) at night. On cystometry, maximum capacity of the neobladders was 434 ± 21 ml (mean ± SEM), and basal pressure at maximum capacity was 15.6 ± 0.9 cm water. Phasic neobladder contraction with amplitudes ranging from 14 to 40 (26.6 ± 2.7) cm water were noted in 11 of 14 patients. Sphincter electromyography demonstrated an increase in the frequency of action potentials of the external urethral sphincter during neobladder filling from empty to 80% of capacity (from 8.9 ± 1.6 to 14.6 ± 2.1 spikes per second; mean percentage increase, 64%, in patients with daytime continence). Maximum urethral closure pressure on urethral pressure profile was 49.9 ± 3.5 (range, 30 to 64) cm water in patients with daytime continence, while in two patients who were incontinent during the day and at night maximum urethral closure pressure was lower (16 and 24 cm water) and the recruitment of action potentials of the external urethral sphincter during neobladder filling was impaired (percentage increase, 15% and 20%).Conclusions:An ileocolic neobladder has characteristics of a low pressure reservoir with a satisfactory continence rate. The vesicourethral continence reflex is well preserved in patients with continence after orthotopic bladder Substitution.
THE STATUS OF BLADDER‐PRESERVING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MUSCLE‐INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER
Authors: Koiso K. , Shipley W. , Keuppens F. , Baert L. , Hall R. , Hudson M'Liss A , Khoury S. , Kubota Yoko , Kubota Yoshinobu , van Poppel H. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe recommended treatment for medically fit patients with muscle‐invading bladder cancer is usually radical cystectomy. However, transurethral resection of the tumor, partial cystectomy, irradiation and systemic chemotherapy are each effective in some patients. These latter treatments allow bladder preservation and cure as an alternative to radical cystectomy although when used unselectively the survival rates are inferior to those of radical cystectomy.The updated results of conservative surgery, radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy as monotherapy, as well as strategies of combined modality treatment were reviewed. Based on this review many areas of consensus were reached which include:1. The primary goal of any treatment for a patient with muscle‐invading bladder cancer is survival; bladder preservation in the interest of quality of life is a secondary objective.2. Only a small proportion of carefully selected patients may be cured by transurethral surgery alone, or by partial cystectomy alone.3. Radiation therapy is currently the standard bladder‐preserving therapy against which all other bladder‐preserving methods must be compared.4. Systemic chemotherapy as monotherapy is inadequate and cannot be recommended.5. The addition of cisplatin‐containing systemic chemotherapy to radiation therapy or conservative surgery appears to improve local control. While no multi‐modality therapeutic regimen has yet been shown to be clearly optimal with regard to local efficacy and minimizing toxicity, monotherapy for bladder preservation is probably not desirable as a routine approach.6. Deferring the patient from immediate cystectomy does not appear to compromise survival, nor does the addition of primary systemic chemotherapy appear to significantly increase the morbidity of cystectomy or radiotherapy.7. All patients treated by bladder‐preserving therapy must return to the urologist for regular cystoscopic follow‐up so that additional therapy may be started at the earliest opportunity if relapse occurs.8. Bladder substitution is suboptimal compared with a normally functioning, disease‐free bladder.9. If alternatives to cystectomy are not considered, little progress will be made in the treatment of muscle‐invading bladder cancer.10. Randomized phase III trials must be performed to establish the role of optimal combined modality treatment for bladder preservation, but patient recruitment into such trials may prove difficult unless urologists are prepared to open their minds to the possibility that cystectomy may not be the best treatment for all patients with muscle‐invading bladder cancer. Further, urologists must be prepared to have their patients randomized into phase III protocols and investigators must not allow premature publication of findings.
Preventive Effects of Eastern Medication (Kampo) on the Progression of Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Mitsuma Tadamichi 
Published: July 2007

Twenty–two patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) were investigated. The patients were mainly administered decoctions of rhubarb () for 4 weeks. After that, traditional Chinese (Kampo) prescriptions, most of them involving Wen–Pi–Tang (), were given for another 4 weeks.Following administration of these prescriptions, the levels of serum methylguanidine (MG), blood urea nitrogen and serum inorganic phosphorus improved significantly, although the values of serum creatinine (Cr) were not changed remarkably. The fact that the serum MG/Cr ratio was reduced after the therapy suggested that rhubarb possessed the potential to scavenge hydroxyl radicals by which MG was produced from Cr through creatol, as reported recently.The serum Cr concentration was determined over an observation period of more than 40 weeks in each of the 7 cases. Evaluation of the progression rate of CRF was made from the slopes of the regression lines. After analysis, 5 of the 7 cases showed significant retardation of progression after the administration of Kampo prescriptions during 106 ± 32 (mean ± SD) weeks. Of the 5 cases, 2 were prescribed Wen–Pi–Tang, another 2 cases were treated with Wen–Pi–Tang and Bu–Zhong–Yi–Qi–Tang () and the last was treated with Ba–Wei–Di–Huang–Wan ().This study demonstrated that the traditional Chinese prescriptions, most of them comprising Wen–Pi–Tang and/or Bu–Zhong–Yi–Qi–Tang, retarded the progression of CRF.