bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of extracellular vesicles for acute lung injury in preclinical animal models: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xuefeng , Cheng Zongyong , Zeng Menghao , He Zhihui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the increasing research on extracellular vesicles (EVs), EVs have received widespread attention as biodiagnostic markers and therapeutic agents for a variety of diseases. Stem cell-derived EVs have also been recognized as a new viable therapy for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To assess their efficacy, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing preclinical experimental animal models of EVs for ALI treatment.MethodsThe database was systematically interrogated for pertinent data encompassing the period from January 2010 to April 2022 concerning interventions involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) in animal models of acute lung injury (ALI). The lung injury score was selected as the primary outcome measure for statistical analysis. Meta-analyses were executed utilizing RevMan 5.3 and State15.1 software tools.ResultsThe meta-analyses comprised 31 studies, exclusively involving animal models of acute lung injury (ALI), categorized into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of extracellular vesicle (EV) intervention. The statistical outcomes from these two study groups revealed a significant reduction in lung injury scores with the administration of stem and progenitor cell-derived EVs (SMD = -3.63, 95% CI [-4.97, -2.30],P < 0.05). Conversely, non-stem cell-derived EVs were associated with an elevation in lung injury scores (SMD = -4.34, 95% CI [3.04, 5.63],P < 0.05). EVs originating from stem and progenitor cells demonstrated mitigating effects on alveolar neutrophil infiltration, white blood cell counts, total cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung wet-to-dry weight ratios (W/D), and total protein in BALF. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory mediators exhibited down-regulation, while anti-inflammatory mediators demonstrated up-regulation. Conversely, non-stem cell-derived EVs exacerbated lung injury.ConclusionIn preclinical animal models of acute lung injury (ALI), the administration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from stem and progenitor cells demonstrably enhances pulmonary function. This ameliorative effect is attributed to the mitigation of pulmonary vascular permeability and the modulation of immune homeostasis, collectively impeding the progression of inflammation. In stark contrast, the utilization of EVs derived from non-stem progenitor cells exacerbates the extent of lung injury. These findings substantiate the potential utility of EVs as a novel therapeutic avenue for addressing acute lung injury.
Knockdown of the UL-16 binding protein 1 promotes osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by activating the SMAD2/3 pathway
Authors: Lai Zhen , Li Mingming , Yang Xiaodong , Xian Zhenjie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis is caused by the imbalance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The regulatory mechanisms of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pathogenesis of osteoporosis are of significant and needed to be further investigated. GSE100609 dataset downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to identified DEGs in osteoporosis patients. KEGG analysis was conducted to demonstrate signaling pathways related to enriched genes. Osteoporosis patients and the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were obtained for in vivo and in vitro resaerch. Lentivirus construction and viral infection was used to knockdown genes. mRNA expression and protein expression were detected via qRT-PCR and western blot assay separately. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity detection, alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, and expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), osteocalcin (OCN) and Osterix were evaluated to determine osteoblast differentiation capacity. UL-16 binding protein 1 (ULBP1) gene was upregulated in osteoporosis and downregulated in differentiated hMSCs. Knockdown of ULBP1 increased ALP activity, mineralization ability evaluated by ARS staining, expression of BMP2, OCN and Osterix in differentiated hMSCs. Furthermore, rescue experiment demonstrated that suppressed ULBP1 boosted osteoblast differentiation by activating TNF-β signaling pathway. Knockdown of ULBP1 gene could promoted osteoblast differentiation by activating TNF-β signaling pathway in differentiated hMSCs. ULBP1 may be a the Achilles’ heel of osteoporosis, and suppression of ULBP1 could be a promising treatment for osteoporosis.
Circulating levels of asprosin in children with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Zhang Yifei , Yang Bao , Li Simin , Jia Ru 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Prior studies reported that elevated asprosin level was associated with obesity in adults and animal models. However, the relationship between asprosin level and children with obeisty remains controversial. The aim of our analysis was to systematically review available literatures linking asprosin and children with obesity for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between circulating asprosin level and obesity in children.

Methods
Eight databases were gleaned for studies published up to January 2024. Standard mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) and Fisher’s Z transformation was calculated to evaluate the relationship between asprosin level and children with obesity using the Review Manager 5.4 Software. Other indicators were measured via mean difference with 95% CI.

Results
Six observational studies were included both in systematic review and meta-analysis. The current evidence indicated that no significant difference was observed in the level of circulating asprosin between the children with and without obesity (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI:—0.22–0.95, p = 0.22). However, Fisher’s Z transformation suggested the positive association of circulating asprosin levels and clinical index measuring the degree of obesity: total cholesterol (Fisher’s Z: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02–0.20, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
Circulating asprosin level was not independently related to childhood obesity currently. More rigorous longitudinal researches were required to disentangle the causations. However, the positive association of asprosin levels and total cholesterol indicated that asprosin might get involved in the lipid-metabolism of childhood obesity, asprosin might be a prospective bio-index and targeted treatment of total cholesterol metabolism besides the role of glucogenic and orexigenic.

Trial registration
Prospero ID: CRD42023426476.
Real-time evaluation and adaptation to facilitate rapid recruitment in a large, prospective cohort study
Authors: Honushefsky Ashley , Wagner Eric S. , Sheridan Kathleen , Spickard Kathleen M. , LeMasters William R. , Walter Carroll N. , Beaver Taryn , Lennon Anne Marie , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Rahm Alanna Kulchak , Buchanan Adam H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Recruiting large cohorts efficiently can speed the translation of findings into care across a range of scientific disciplines and medical specialties. Recruitment can be hampered by factors such as financial barriers, logistical concerns, and lack of resources for patients and clinicians. These and other challenges can lead to underrepresentation in groups such as rural residents and racial and ethnic minorities. Here we discuss the implementation of various recruitment strategies for enrolling participants into a large, prospective cohort study, assessing the need for adaptations and making them in real-time, while maintaining high adherence to the protocol and high participant satisfaction.

Methods
While conducting a large, prospective trial of a multi-cancer early detection blood test at Geisinger, an integrated health system in central Pennsylvania, we monitored recruitment progress, adherence to the protocol, and participants’ satisfaction. Tracking mechanisms such as paper records, electronic health records, research databases, dashboards, and electronic files were utilized to measure each outcome. We then reviewed study procedures and timelines to list the implementation strategies that were used to address barriers to recruitment, protocol adherence and participant satisfaction.

Results
Adaptations to methods that contributed to achieving the enrollment goal included offering multiple recruitment options, adopting group consenting, improving visit convenience, increasing the use of electronic capture and the tracking of data and source documents, staffing optimization via leveraging resources external to the study team when appropriate, and integrating the disclosure of study results into routine clinical care without adding unfunded work for clinicians. We maintained high protocol adherence and positive participant experience as exhibited by a very low rate of protocol deviations and participant complaints.

Conclusion
Recruiting rapidly for large studies – and thereby facilitating clinical translation – requires a nimble, creative approach that marshals available resources and changes course according to data. Planning a rigorous assessment of a study’s implementation outcomes prior to study recruitment can further ground study adaptations and facilitate translation into practice. This can be accomplished by proactively and continuously assessing and revising implementation strategies.
Reconstructing the ancestral gene pool to uncover the origins and genetic links of Hmong–Mien speakers
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhang Xiaoxi , Chen Hao , Lu Yan , Ma Sen , Yang Yajun , Zhang Menghan , Xu Shuhua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHmong–Mien (HM) speakers are linguistically related and live primarily in China, but little is known about their ancestral origins or the evolutionary mechanism shaping their genomic diversity. In particular, the lack of whole-genome sequencing data on the Yao population has prevented a full investigation of the origins and evolutionary history of HM speakers. As such, their origins are debatable.ResultsHere, we made a deep sequencing effort of 80 Yao genomes, and our analysis together with 28 East Asian populations and 968 ancient Asian genomes suggested that there is a strong genetic basis for the formation of the HM language family. We estimated that the most recent common ancestor dates to 5800 years ago, while the genetic divergence between the HM and Tai–Kadai speakers was estimated to be 8200 years ago. We proposed that HM speakers originated from the Yangtze River Basin and spread with agricultural civilization. We identified highly differentiated variants between HM and Han Chinese, in particular, a deafness-related missense variant (rs72474224) in theGJB2gene is in a higher frequency in HM speakers than in others.ConclusionsOur results indicated complex gene flow and medically relevant variants involved in the HM speakers’ evolution history.
The medication-based Rx-Risk Comorbidity Index and risk of hip fracture - a nationwide NOREPOS cohort study
Authors: Solbakken Siri Marie , Meyer Haakon Eduard , Dahl Cecilie , Finnes Trine Elisabeth , Hjellvik Vidar , Nielsen Christopher Sivert , Omsland Tone Kristin , Stigum Hein , Holvik Kristin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Few previous studies have assessed overall morbidity at the individual level with respect to future risk of hip fracture. The aim of this register-based cohort study was to examine the association between morbidity measured by the medication-based Rx-Risk Comorbidity Index (Rx-Risk) and the risk of first hip fracture.

Methods
Individual-level data on medications dispensed from pharmacies (2005–2016) was retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database and used to calculate Rx-Risk for each calendar year. Information on first hip fractures (2006–2017) was obtained from a nationwide hip fracture database. Individuals ≥ 51 years who filled at least one prescription during the study period comprised the population at risk. Using Rx-Risk as a time-varying exposure variable, relative risk estimates were obtained by a negative binomial model.

Results
During 2006–2017, 94,104 individuals sustained a first hip fracture. A higher Rx-Risk was associated with increased risk of hip fracture within all categories of age and sex. Women with the highest Rx-Risk (> 25) had a relative risk of 6.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4, 6.8) compared to women with Rx-Risk ≤ 0, whereas the corresponding relative risk in women with Rx-Risk 1–5 was 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3, 1.4). Similar results were found in men. Women > 80 years with Rx-Risk 21–25 had the highest incidence rate (514 (95% CI: 462, 566) per 10, 000 person years). The relative increase in hip fracture risk with higher Rx-Risk was most pronounced in the youngest patients aged 51–65 years.

Conclusions
Rx-Risk is a strong predictor of hip fracture in the general outpatient population and may be useful to identify individuals at risk in a clinical setting and in future studies.
Invitro antibacterial activity of bark, leaf and root extracts of combretum molle plant against streptococcus equi isolated from clinical cases of strangles in donkeys and horses
Authors: Emiru Ayechew Yetayeh , Regassa Fekadu , Endebu Duguma Bojia , Kassaye Asmamaw , Desyebelew Belay 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Effective therapy for many infections is becoming difficult due to the evolutionary development of drug resistance, and hence, the development of alternative treatment options mainly from herbs is crucial. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of ethanol extracts of stem bark, leaves and roots of Combretum molle against Streptococcus equi isolated from clinical cases of strangles using in vitro tests.

Methods
Plant extraction was performed using a maceration technique with 80% ethanol. The mean zone of inhibition was determined using the agar well diffusion method. Six serial dilutions with different concentrations (10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25%, 0.625% and 0.3125%) of each plant extract were prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). A modified agar microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of the extracts.

Results
The results revealed that all plant extracts showed significant antibacterial activity. The root extract showed the best antibacterial effect compared to the others at all concentrations, with MZI values of 27.5, 23.225, 20.5, 17.9, 15.65 and 12.25 for the respective concentrations mentioned above and an MIC of 250 µg/ml. It was followed by the stem bark extract, which had MZI values of 24.67, 22.35, 18.225, 16.175, 11.125 and 8.2 millimeters and an MIC of 375 µg/ml. The leaf extract also had significant activity, with MZI values of 20.175, 18.25, 15.7, 13.125, 9.4 and 6.75 in millimeters and an MIC of 500 µg/ml. There was a direct relationship between the concentrations of the plant extracts and the level of inhibition.

Conclusion
The test plant extracts were compared with the conventional antibiotic penicillin G, and the results indicated that the parts of the test plant have significant antibacterial activity, which may support traditional claims and could be candidates for alternative drug discoveries.
Unveiling the silver lining: examining the effects of biogenic silver nanoparticles on the growth dynamics of in vitro olive shoots
Authors: Hasanin Mohamed S. , Hassan Sayed A.M. , AbdAllatif A. M. , Darwesh Osama M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe current study aimed to evaluate the effects of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on growth behavior and leaf anatomy of in vitro growing shoots of ‘Picual’ and ‘Dolce’ olive cultivars. Biosynthesis of AgNPs was carried out using the cell-free filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum. The dimension and shape of the synthesized AgNPs have been analyzed using spectroscopy and topography analysis tools, confirming that the biosynthesis of AgNPs is a crystalline nanostructure with an average particle size of 37 nm. The shoots of the selected olive cultivars were cultured on Rugini olive medium-supplemented AgNPs at 0, 10, 20, and 30mg L− 1. The effect of genotypes on shoot multiplication was significant, ‘Picual’ recorded higher values of shoot growth parameters compared with ‘Dolce’ cultivar. Adding AgNPs to the culture medium significantly affected the growth of in vitro olive shoots. AgNPs at 20 and 30mg L− 1 produced higher values of the number of shoots, shoot length, and leaf number of Picual cv. compared with the control treatments, but the higher AgNPs concentration harmed the growth parameters of Dolce cv. and recorded lower growth values compared with the lower concentration (10mg L− 1). AgNPs had a significant effect on leaf morphology and their anatomical structure. The current results showed that the stimulatory effect of AgNPs on shoot growth of in vitro olive shoots is highly dependent on plant genotype and nanoparticle concentration.
Validity and reproducibility of the PERSIAN Cohort food frequency questionnaire: assessment of major dietary patterns
Authors: Eghtesad Sareh , Masoudi Sahar , Sharafkhah Maryam , Rashidkhani Bahram , Esmaeili-Nadimi Ali , Najafi Farid , Faramarzi Elnaz , Homayounfar Reza , Ebrahimnejad Pedram , Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza , Mirjalili Mohammadreza , Poustchi Hossein , Willett Walter C , Malekzadeh Reza , Hekmatdoost Azita 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Dietary patterns, encompassing an overall view of individuals’ dietary intake, are suggested as a suitable means of assessing nutrition’s role in chronic disease development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed for use in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), by comparing major dietary patterns assessed by the FFQ with a reference method.

Methods
Study participants included men and women who enrolled in the PERSIAN Cohort Study at seven of the eighteen centers. These centers were chosen to include dietary variations observed among the different Iranian ethnic populations. Two FFQ were completed for each participant over a one-year study period (FFQ1 upon enrollment and FFQ2 at the end of the study), with 24 interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recalls (24 h) being completed monthly in between. Spearman correlation coefficients (SCC) were used comparing FFQs 1 and 2 to the 24 h to assess validity, while FFQ1 was compared to FFQ2 to assess reproducibility of the questionnaire.

Results
Three major dietary patterns—Healthy, Low Protein/High Carb and Unhealthy—were identified, accounting for 70% of variance in the study population. Corrected SCC ranged from 0.31 to 0.61 in the validity and from 0.34 to 0.57 in reproducibility analyses, with the first two patterns, which accounted for over 50% of population variance, correlated at above 0.5 in both parameters, showing acceptable findings.

Conclusions
The PERSIAN Cohort FFQ is suitable for identification of major dietary patterns in the populations it is used for, in order to assess diet-disease relationships.
The Wearable Activity Tracker Checklist for Healthcare (WATCH): a 12-point guide for the implementation of wearable activity trackers in healthcare
Authors: Szeto Kimberley , Arnold John , Maher Carol 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIncreasing physical activity in patients offers dual benefits, fostering improved patient health and recovery, while also bolstering healthcare system efficiency by minimizing costs related to extended hospital stays, complications, and readmissions. Wearable activity trackers offer valuable opportunities to enhance physical activity across various healthcare settings and among different patient groups. However, their integration into healthcare faces multiple implementation challenges related to the devices themselves, patients, clinicians, and systemic factors. This article presents the Wearable Activity Tracker Checklist for Healthcare (WATCH), which was recently developed through an international Delphi study. The WATCH provides a comprehensive framework for implementation and evaluation of wearable activity trackers in healthcare. It covers the purpose and setting for usage; patient, provider, and support personnel roles; selection of relevant metrics; device specifications; procedural steps for issuance and maintenance; data management; timelines; necessary adaptations for specific scenarios; and essential resources (such as education and training) for effective implementation. The WATCH is designed to support the implementation of wearable activity trackers across a wide range of healthcare populations and settings, and in those with varied levels of experience. The overarching goal is to support broader, sustained, and systematic use of wearable activity trackers in healthcare, therefore fostering enhanced physical activity promotion and improved patient outcomes.
Zero-leak prediction during major lung resection aiming for minimal chest drainage duration: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Sueyoshi Kuniyo , Merlini McAndrew , Otsubo Kosuke , Kojima Fumitsugu , Bando Toru 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Early chest tube removal should be considered to enhance recovery after surgery. The current study aimed to provide a predictive algorithm for air leak episodes (ALE) and to create a knowledge base for early chest tube removal.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent thoracoscopic anatomical pulmonary resections in our unit. We defined ALE as any airflow ≥ 10 mL/min recorded in the follow-up charts based on the digital thoracic drainage device. Multivariate regression analysis was used to control for preoperative and intraoperative confounding factors. The ALE prediction algorithm was constructed by combining an additive ALE risk-scoring system using the coefficients of the significant predictive factors with the intraoperative water-sealing test.

Results
In 485 consecutive thoracoscopic major pulmonary resections, ALE developed in 209 (43%) patients. Statistically significant ALE-associated preoperative factors included male sex, lower body mass index, radiologically evident emphysema, lobectomy, and upper lobe surgery. Significant ALE-associated intraoperative factors were incomplete fissure and pleural adhesion. The ALE risk scoring demonstrated an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.72 in the fivefold cross-validation test. The ALE prediction algorithm correctly predicted ALE-absent patients at a negative predictive value of 80%.

Conclusions
The algorithm may promote the optimization of the chest tube-dwelling duration by identifying potential ALE-absent patients for accelerated tube removal.