bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sludge‐based geopolymer materials: A review
Authors: Kong Xiangqing , Shi Jiarong , Shen Yidan , Zhang Wenjiao , Fu Ying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSludge refers to the solid waste produced after sewage treatment. Unreasonable disposal of sludge can cause environmental pollution. Nonetheless, the sludge contains large amounts of silica‐aluminate, which has pozzolanic activity by treatment, and the sludge can be used as a sustainable building material. The previous studies have recommended that it is reasonable to produce geopolymers, that is, a green low‐carbon cementitious material with excellent mechanical and durability properties, from sludge. This article provides an overview of recent advancements in the study of sludge‐based geopolymer. It delves into the mechanisms behind alkali‐activated geopolymer, examines the feasibility of preparing geopolymer from sludge, and discusses various preparation methods. Additionally, it elaborates on the impact of incorporating different auxiliary materials on sludge‐based geopolymer. The comprehensive performance of sludge‐based geopolymer, encompassing mechanical properties, durability, and setting time, is thoroughly summarized. An environmental assessment is conducted, evaluating heavy metal leaching and the lifecycle of sludge‐based geopolymer. Finally, we briefly discuss some problems in the current research and development trends in the future on sludge‐based geopolymer. The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive support and guidance for both the research and practical engineering applications of sludge‐based geopolymer.
Psoriasis dermatitis, a common phenotype of early forms of both psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in children: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Docampo‐Simón Alexandre , Belinchón Isabel , Sánchez‐Pujol María J. , Berbegal Laura , Miralles Julia , Lucas Ana , Quecedo Esther , Fuertes Amparo , Mateu‐Puchades Almudena , Betlloch Isabel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis (Ps) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are chronic systemic immune‐mediated diseases that can coexist in an overlapping condition called psoriasis dermatitis (PD). PD patients have intermediate lesions with characteristics of both Ps and AD. PD is very rare in adults but much more frequent in children. Little is known, however, about the course of PD in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the percentage of PD cases in children that evolved to a definite form of Ps or AD and to identify any clinical or epidemiological variables that could predict the course of the disease.MethodsWe performed a prospective multicenter cohort study of children diagnosed with PD between January 2018 and December 2020. We collected participants' clinical and epidemiological characteristics, and pediatric dermatologists determined the percentage of participants who developed Ps or AD.ResultsThe study included 24 children with PD, with a median age of 7.0 years. After a median follow‐up period of 31 months, 83.3% of cases had evolved to a definite form of Ps or AD (44.4% to Ps and 38.9% to AD). Younger age and family history of Ps were associated with progression to AD. Participants who progressed to AD or Ps had a longer follow‐up than those with an unchanged PD diagnosis.ConclusionsGiven sufficient time, a large percentage of PD cases in children will evolve into Ps or AD. Long‐term clinical follow‐up is necessary for a correct diagnosis.
Oral fusidic acid for the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Wiala Antonia , Daschl Sophie M. , Stockinger Theresa , Rappersberger Klemens , Posch Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating inflammatory skin disease. Tetracyclines are one of the few therapeutic options recommended for mild‐to‐moderate disease. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of systemic fusidic acid's (FA) effectiveness in treating HS.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 55 FA therapy cycles (TC, average weekly dose: 6409 mg; range: 5250–9800 mg; 2–12 weeks) in 49 patients. The outcome was evaluated using the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) scale. Therapy response was defined as any reduction of inflammatory activity without the occurrence of flares. We also characterized adverse events and investigated predictors for treatment success. Results were compared to a matched control group receiving doxycycline.ResultsFA treatment (55 treatment cycles (TC); male: 45.5%; female: 54.5%) showed an overall response rate of 70.9% (39 TC). No worsening was observed. Significantly higher response rates were observed in females (83.3%, P = 0.026) and Hurley I (90.9%, P = 0.008). After multivariate adjustment, higher response rates were associated with the Hurley grade (P = 0.046) but not with gender (P = 0.0174). Adverse reactions (21.8% gastrointestinal symptoms) occurred in 27.3% (15 TC) and 46.7% within the first 4 weeks. Similar results were observed in the doxycycline control group (overall response rate: 76.4%).ConclusionOral FA is safe and improves symptoms in most patients. HS patients could benefit from oral FA treatment, especially in case of contraindications or resistance to tetracyclines.
Hidden behind closed doors: Non‐standard employment, migrant women and gender regimes in Europe
Authors: Giordano Chiara , Meraviglia Cinzia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNon‐standard employment (NSE) is well‐documented in the domestic sector in all European countries. The precariousness and poor working conditions of this sector reflect in a labour force composed by the most vulnerable layers of the labour market, namely, migrant women. This article analyses how and to what extent a macro‐level factor, that is, the gender regime (resulting from the interplay of gender equality and gendered social norms) interacts with micro‐level individual and occupational characteristics to shape the prevalence of NSE in the domestic sector in Europe. We use the 2019 EU‐LFS data and run a set of logistic regression analyses. Our results show that NSE is a defining feature of domestic sector, and that migrant women are at a higher risk of being in this type of employment, especially in destination countries where gender equality is relatively lower and expectations concerning care and family responsibilities are more traditional.
A silver lining for the excluded: Exploring experiences that micro‐task crowdsourcing affords workers with impaired work access
Authors: Mayer Anne‐Sophie , Ihl Andreas , Grabl Susanne , Strunk Kim , Fiedler Marina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicro‐task crowdsourcing (MTCS) platforms offer alternative work settings outside traditional work boundaries and thus increasingly attract crowdworkers who face exclusion from access to other work. However, we know little about these crowdworkers' perspective on MTCS and its implications for their personal life. Building on insights from three qualitative surveys with responses from 538 crowdworkers and 576 forum posts in total, we show that despite the often challenging work conditions, MTCS platforms provide these crowdworkers with a work environment in which they can participate in paid work activities without feeling excluded due to their personal circumstances. As a result, MTCS platform work provides these crowdworkers with a set of positive experiences that were not possible before. These afforded experiences go beyond work‐related experiences but relate directly to crowdworkers' personal situation and life. Our research yields implications for the literature on MTCS and also for policy makers and stakeholders concerned with the creation of more inclusive work settings.
Simulating contamination of the operator and surrounding environment during wound debridement through fluorescent labelling
Authors: Jia Huixue , He Rui , Guan Hui , Li Huijuan , Qi Xin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe investigated the contamination of the operator and the surrounding environment during wound debridement through simulated operations using fluorescent labelling. On‐site simulated operation assessment was performed before and after the training. Oranges and square towels were used to simulate wounds and the inpatient units, respectively. Fluorescent powder was applied to the surfaces. Operations on oranges simulated bedside debridement, and the postoperative distribution of the fluorescent powder was employed to reflect the contamination of the operator and the surrounding environment. During the pre‐training assessment, contamination was observed in 28 of the 29 trainees. The commonly contaminated parts were the extensor side of the forearm, middle abdomen, upper abdomen, and hands. The right side of the operating area was contaminated in 24 trainees. During the post‐training assessment, contamination was observed in 13 of the 15 trainees. The commonly parts were the hands, extensor side of the forearm, and the lower abdomen. The front, back, left, and right sides of the operating area were contaminated in 12, 9, 11, and 14 trainees, respectively. Contamination of the treatment cart was observed in 5 trainees. Operator and the surrounding environment can be contaminated during wound debridement. Attention should be paid to hand hygiene, wearing and changing of work clothes, and disinfection of the surrounding environment. Moreover, regular training is recommended.
Large electrocaloric effect and wide working area in the transition from ferroelectric to nanodomains
Authors: Feng Haoran , Hao Minghui , Wu Guanghua , Zheng Ying , Yang Lishun , Liu Xin , Zhao Yiwen , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhang Haibo , Liu Gang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA large adiabatic temperature change along with a wide operating temperature region is usually required for the electrocaloric materials to fulfill their refrigeration function. In general, doping foreign ions into BaTiO3 is the frequently utilized strategy in order to obtain excellent electrocaloric materials for the practical application. In the current paper, BaTiO3 lead‐free ferroelectric ceramics were doped by Ca2+ and Sn4+ simultaneously in order to generate a coexistence state at room temperature, where ferroelectric domains and nanodomains exit. As a result, a large polarization and a wide operating temperature range were finally induced. It is found that Ba0.9Ca0.1Ti0.85Sn0.15O3 has a maximum adiabatic temperature change of 0.85 K and an excellent working temperature region (65 K, ∆T > 90% Tmax) was achieved under an electric field of 50 kV/cm. The above phenomenon indicates that the modified BaTiO3 ceramics can be a good potential electrocaloric material in the state of cross‐existence of ferroelectric domains and nanodomains.
Customized linear refractive index GRIN prepared by rapid sintering of multilayer chalcogenide glass powders
Authors: Zheng Wenfeng , Xia Kelun , Jia Guang , Xie Shuangquan , Gu Jierong , Liu Ziqiang , Wu Miaomiao , Xu Tiefeng , Ren Heqi , Gu Chenjie , Liu Zijun , Shen Xiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGradient refractive index (GRIN) lenses have recently become a hot topic in compact imaging and achromaticity. Current research focuses on exploiting GRIN materials and upgrading the preparation technology. In this study, infrared (IR) GRIN materials were successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering of multilayer chalcogenide glass (ChGs) powders. ChGs powders were derived from the Ge20Se80‐xTex series glasses (x = 0–28 mol%) with a maximum refractive index difference (Δn) of 0.25. The similar glass transition temperatures (ΔTg < 10°C) promote efficient sintering of multilayer powders. Six‐, eight‐, and ten‐layer powders of different compositions were rapidly sintered with a thickness of 600, 300, and 200 µm per layer, respectively. Such tiny layer thickness enables the GRIN materials to exhibit nearly linear refractive index variation. Energy dispersive spectroscopy line scans well characterized the gradient variation of GRIN. The maximum deviation of the refractive index gradient from the fitted target line was only ± 0.016 for the 10‐layer GRIN. The sintered GRIN shows excellent IR transparency, which is of great interest for mid‐wave and long‐wave infrared imaging.
Enhanced dielectric reliability in the X9R‐type Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3‐CaZrO3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Lee Ju‐Hyeon , Yeo Tae‐Soo , Jo Wook 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance dielectric ceramic capacitors for automotive applications require high operation temperature, thermal stability, and reliability for dielectric ceramics. A broad composition search has been carried out to replace the existing BaTiO3‐based dielectrics having limited upper operating temperature due to the relatively low Curie temperature at around 120°C. However, most of the developed compositions are too complicated and compositionally sensitive, making them difficult to commercialize. This study introduces a dielectrically reliable ceramic system based on Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 (BNT) with a wide operation temperature range simply by adding paraelectric CaZrO3 (CZ). At 15 mol% addition of CZ to BNT, the permittivity variation within ±15% from −55 to 280°C was achieved, which surpasses the EIA‐X9R standard. Moreover, the dielectric reliability was shown with low dielectric loss (tanδ < 0.02) for the aforementioned temperature range and remarkable dielectric breakdown strength (∼260 kV/cm) at room temperature. Along with the proposal of a promising high‐performance dielectric material, structural analysis and dielectric behavior investigation as a function of CZ contents were presented.
Paced QRS morphology mimicking complete left bundle branch block induced by right ventricular pacing is associated with pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ikeda Shota , Sakamoto Kazuo , Sugawara Masafumi , Yakabe Daisuke , Nagaoka Kazuhiro , Kowase Shinya , Inoue Shujiro , Morishige Kunio , Mukai Yasushi , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Kinugawa Shintaro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionRight ventricular (RV) pacing sometimes causes left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, also known as pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy (PICM). However, the association between specifically paced QRS morphology and PICM development has not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between paced QRS mimicking a complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) and PICM development.MethodsWe retrospectively screened 2009 patients who underwent pacemaker implantation from 2010 to 2020 in seven institutions. Patients who received pacemakers for an advanced atrioventricular block or bradycardia with atrial fibrillation, baseline LV ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%, and echocardiogram recorded at least 6 months postimplantation were included. The paced QRS recorded immediately after implantation was analyzed. A CLBBB‐like paced QRS was defined as meeting the CLBBB criteria of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation/Heart Rhythm Society in 2009. PICM was defined as a ≥10% LVEF decrease, resulting in an LVEF of <50%.ResultsAmong the 270 patients analyzed, PICM was observed in 38. Baseline LVEF was lower in patients with PICM, and CLBBB‐like paced QRS was frequently observed in PICM. Multivariate analysis revealed that low baseline LVEF (odds ratio [OR]: 0.93 per 1% increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89–0.98, p = 0.006) and CLBBB‐like paced QRS (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.25–5.76, p = 0.011) were significantly associated with PICM development.ConclusionCLBBB‐like paced QRS may be a novel risk factor for PICM. RV pacing, which causes CLBBB‐like QRS morphology, may need to be avoided, and patients with CLBBB‐like paced QRS should be followed‐up carefully.
Reducing cardiovascular risk in immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases: Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors compared to conventional therapies—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Galajda N. Á. , Meznerics F. A. , Mátrai P. , Fehérvári P. , Lengyel A. S. , Kolonics M. V. , Sipos Z. , Kemény L. V. , Csupor D. , Hegyi P. , Bánvölgyi A. , Holló P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImmune‐mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) patients including psoriasis, inflammatory arthritides and bowel diseases have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) diseases compared to the general population. The increased CV risk may be promoted by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐mediated immunological processes, which are present both in the pathomechanism of IMIDs and atherosclerosis. Our objective was to comprehensively investigate the effect of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) on CV risk compared with conventional therapies in IMIDs. The systematic literature search was conducted in three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) on 14 November 2022. Randomized controlled trials, cohort and case–control studies were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes consisted of the incidence of CV events, with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as a main endpoint. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed by pooling fully adjusted multivariate hazard ratios (HR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) comparing TNFis with conventional systemic non‐biologicals (CSNBs). Of a total of 8724 search results, 56 studies were included overall, of which 29 articles were eligible for the meta‐analysis, and 27 were involved in the systematic review. Including all IMIDs, the TNFi group showed a significantly reduced risk of MACE compared with the CSNB group (HR = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–0.95, p = 0.025; IRR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.67–0.88, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis of Pso, PsA patients by pooling IRRs also confirmed the significantly decreased risk of MACE in TNFi‐treated patients compared with CSNB groups (IRR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.98). The observational nature of most included studies leading to high heterogeneity represents a limitation. Based on the results, TNFis may reduce the risk of CV events compared to CSNBs. Therefore, earlier use of TNFis compared to conventional systemic agents in the therapeutic sequence may benefit CV risk in IMID patients.
A review of isotretinoin in the treatment of frontal fibrosing alopecia
Authors: Shahpar Amirhossein , Nezhad Nazanin Zeinali , Sahaf Akram‐Sadat , Ahramiyanpour Najmeh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionFrontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is characterized by scarring alopecia of the frontotemporal scalp and facial papules. Isotretinoin is a vitamin A‐derived retinoid discovered in 1955 and approved for treating nodulocystic acne. This drug can also affect facial papules and frontotemporal hair loss in patients with FFA. In this article, we conducted a review of the available studies investigating the use of oral isotretinoin for FFA treatment. Our study provides insights into the efficacy and safety of isotretinoin as a potential treatment option for FFA and highlights areas for future research.MethodIn this study, we aimed to investigate the potential advantages and disadvantages of isotretinoin as a treatment for FFA. To identify all relevant articles, we developed a comprehensive search strategy and conducted a thorough search of three major databases: PubMed, Embase, and Science Direct. We retrieved a total of 82 articles from the search results. Two independent reviewers then screened each of the 82 articles based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in the identification of 15 articles that were deemed relevant to our study.ResultsAcross the 15 articles, 232 patients who suffered from FFA were involved. Nearly 90% of patients experienced a significant reduction of symptoms after receiving oral isotretinoin at 10–40 mg daily. We conclude that isotretinoin can positively affect facial papules and help suppress hair loss.
Individual and social system factors influencing evidence‐based practices among nurses in general hospitals: A cross‐sectional multi‐institutional study
Authors: Nwe Hla Myo , Akkadechanunt Thitinut , Abhicharttibutra Kulwadee , Sripusanapan Acharaporn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo investigate evidence‐based practices and examine the influence of individual and social system factors on evidence‐based practices among nurses in general hospitals.BackgroundEvidence‐based practice is essential for improving healthcare quality. However, a challenge for nursing worldwide is nurses' limited use of evidence‐based practices. It is crucial to determine the individual and social system factors affecting nurses' use of evidence‐based practices.DesignThis study employs a multi‐institutional cross‐sectional design.MethodsWith a multistage random sampling method, 336 registered nurses were recruited from 17 general hospitals in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Data were collected through a seven‐part questionnaire, including the Evidence‐Based Practice Implementation Scale and individual and social system factors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression.ResultsNurses in general hospitals perceived low levels of evidence‐based practices. Individual factors, such as perceived barriers (p < .001), knowledge (p < .001) and attitudes (p = .001), were related to EBP as well as social system factors, including the work environment (p < .001) which influence nurses' practice, explaining 34% variance among nurses.ConclusionNurses perceived the work environment as the most influencing factor related to evidence‐based practices. Individual characteristics, including perceived knowledge, attitudes and barriers, were critical factors in performing evidence‐based practices in Myanmar.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNurse administrators and policymakers can develop strategies and interventions for improving knowledge, attitudes and work environment towards evidence‐based practice. Minimizing the barriers to evidence‐based practice will promote evidence‐based practices in Myanmar general hospitals.ImpactIn addressing the individual and social system factors influencing the evidence‐based practices of nurses, this study contributes to enhancing healthcare quality and outcomes.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to the STROBE checklist.Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public contribution.
Daily social support and school belonging among rural Chinese adolescents: Variations by parental migration
Authors: Zhang Youchuan , Wang Yijie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract“Left‐behind” children refer to those who live in rural areas but have parents migrating to urban areas for work. They are at increased risk for developmental problems and family dysfunction. However, we currently know little regarding their support systems at school. Using daily data over five school days from 90 adolescents (Mage = 13.70) in rural China, this study investigated daily associations linking teacher and peer support to school belonging, and how these associations varied by parental migration. Teacher but not peer support was positively associated with same‐day school belonging. However, this association was attenuated for adolescents with longer duration and history of parental migration. The findings highlighted the importance of considering school settings and within‐group variations for left‐behind adolescents.