bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating variable source area hydrology into a curve‐number‐based watershed model
Authors: Schneiderman Elliot M. , Steenhuis Tammo S. , Thongs Dominique J. , Easton Zachary M. , Zion Mark S. , Neal Andrew L. , Mendoza Guillermo F. , Todd Walter M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMany water quality models use some form of the curve number (CN) equation developed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS; U.S. Depart of Agriculture) to predict storm runoff from watersheds based on an infiltration‐excess response to rainfall. However, in humid, well‐vegetated areas with shallow soils, such as in the northeastern USA, the predominant runoff generating mechanism is saturation‐excess on variable source areas (VSAs). We reconceptualized the SCS–CN equation for VSAs, and incorporated it into the General Watershed Loading Function (GWLF) model. The new version of GWLF, named the Variable Source Loading Function (VSLF) model, simulates the watershed runoff response to rainfall using the standard SCS–CN equation, but spatially distributes the runoff response according to a soil wetness index. We spatially validated VSLF runoff predictions and compared VSLF to GWLF for a subwatershed of the New York City Water Supply System. The spatial distribution of runoff from VSLF is more physically realistic than the estimates from GWLF. This has important consequences for water quality modeling, and for the use of models to evaluate and guide watershed management, because correctly predicting the coincidence of runoff generation and pollutant sources is critical to simulating non‐point source (NPS) pollution transported by runoff. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical model for estimating groundwater flux from subsurface temperature profiles
Authors: Keshari Ashok K. , Koo Min‐Ho 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA simple numerical model is presented for estimating vertical groundwater flux from transient subsurface temperature profiles obtained from field measurements. The model developed utilizes the MacCormack scheme, which is based on the Finite Difference Method (FDM), for solving the governing partial differential equation of convection–diffusion heat transport with appropriate initial and boundary conditions within the subsurface. In order to validate the model, numerical solutions obtained for the study area located in the Nagoka plain, Japan are compared with the published measured data and results obtained by others. Results obtained show good agreement and fit the observed data with a correlation coefficient, R2, of 0·88. The estimated groundwater flux is 1·85 × 10−7 m s−1. Sensitivity analyses were also carried out to investigate the effect of variations in groundwater fluxes, thermal properties and the annual thermal variability due to climatic changes on the transient subsurface temperature profiles and to have a better understanding of the subsurface thermal dynamics. A substantial effect of annual climatic variability is observed on the temporal distributions of temperature depth profiles, and a better estimate of thermal parameters is required to estimate vertical groundwater flux. The largest change in subsurface temperature depth profiles due to groundwater flux over a year is within ± 4 °C. The influence of groundwater flux on subsurface temperature distributions in space and time may be more pronounced in areas where the top of the saturated layer fluctuates considerably. Variation in thermal diffusivity results in temperature change up to ± 1·5% and may cause change in groundwater flux estimate by ± 18%. The model presented has merits over analytical solutions (type curve matching techniques) in terms of suitability and applicability to real field problems, and can be a good asset to hydrological models as quantifying groundwater recharge or deducing it from other quantities, such as rainfall, evapotranspiration and runoff, is often complicated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A methodology to assess the delivery of road runoff in forestry environments
Authors: Takken I. , Croke J. , Lane P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper outlines a conceptual and methodological approach to evaluating the risk of road derived runoff delivery, which is based on the principle of hydrological connectivity. Three different types of runoff delivery pathways are identified (stream crossings, gullied pathways and diffuse pathways) and the volume of runoff that may reach the stream through these pathways during a one in 10 year 30 minute event is estimated. The methodology is applied to three catchments of contrasting forest use, both plantation and native. Results show that degree of connectivity of a road depends on catchment characteristics such as the topography, road placement, drain spacing and road and drainage density. Maps outlining the distribution of different delivery pathways within a catchment are used to assess the potential for runoff connectivity. In one of the selected study catchments, the Albert River, greatest potential connectivity can be isolated to a single road. The upper part of this road crosses many tributaries resulting in high connectivity via stream crossings, whereas the lower part of the road is located within the valley bottom, where the majority of drains will contribute runoff during a one in 10 year event through diffuse overland flow. The presented methodology is also used to highlight hot‐spots in terms of runoff and sediment delivery through the creation of risk assessment maps, which allows for the evaluation of different procedures for road rehabilitation. Using examples from the Albert River catchment, we demonstrate that minimizing diffuse overland flow can generally be achieved by the placement of additional road drains, whereas at highly connected road segments the relocation of the road might be the only option. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instance‐based learning compared to other data‐driven methods in hydrological forecasting
Authors: Solomatine Dimitri P. , Maskey Mahesh , Shrestha Durga Lal 
Published: July 2007

AbstractData‐driven techniques based on machine learning algorithms are becoming popular in hydrological modelling, in particular for forecasting. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are often the first choice. The so‐called instance‐based learning (IBL) has received relatively little attention, and the present paper explores the applicability of these methods in the field of hydrological forecasting. Their performance is compared with that of ANNs, M5 model trees and conceptual hydrological models. Four short‐term flow forecasting problems were solved for two catchments. Results showed that the IBL methods often produce better results than ANNs and M5 model trees, especially if used with the Gaussian kernel function. The study showed that IBL is an effective data‐driven method that can be successfully used in hydrological forecasting. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rainfall‐runoff analysis based on competing linear impulse responses: decomposition of rainfall‐runoff processes
Authors: Yoo Chulsang , Park Jooyoung 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMany recent studies have successfully used neural networks for non‐linear rainfall‐runoff modelling. Due to fundamental limitation of linear structures, approaches employing linear models have been generally considered inferior to the neural network approaches in this area. However, the authors believe that with an appropriate extension, the concept of linear impulse responses can be a viable tool since it enables one to understand underlying dynamics of rainfall‐runoff processes. In this paper, the use of competing impulse responses for rainfall‐runoff analysis is proposed. The proposed method is based on the switch over of competing linear impulse‐responses, each of which satisfies the constraints of non‐negativity and uni‐modality. The computational analyses performed for the rainfall‐runoff data in the Seolma‐Chun experimental basin, Korea showed that the proposed method can yield promising results. Considering the basin characteristics as well as the results from this study, it may be concluded that three impulse responses are enough for rainfall‐runoff analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of long‐term water balance in the source area of the Yellow River basin
Authors: Sato Yoshinobu , Ma Xieyao , Xu Jianqing , Matsuoka Masayuki , Zheng Hongxing , Liu Changming , Fukushima Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTo analyse the long‐term water balance of the Yellow River basin, a new hydrological model was developed and applied to the source area of the basin. The analysis involved 41 years (1960–2000) of daily observation data from 16 meteorological stations. The model is composed of the following three sub‐models: a heat balance model, a runoff formation model and a river‐routing network model. To understand the heat and water balances more precisely, the original model was modified as follows. First, the land surface was classified into five types (bare, grassland, forest, irrigation area and water surface) using a high‐resolution land‐use map. Potential evaporation was then calculated using land‐surface temperatures estimated by the heat balance model. The maximum evapotranspiration of each land surface was calculated from potential evaporation using functions of the leaf area index (LAI). Finally, actual evapotranspiration was estimated by regulating the maximum evapotranspiration using functions of soil moisture content. The river discharge estimated by the model agreed well with the observed data in most years. However, relatively large errors, which may have been caused by the overestimation of surface flow, appeared in some summer periods. The rapid decrease of river discharge in recent years in the source area of the Yellow River basin depended primarily on the decrease in precipitation. Furthermore, the results suggested that the long‐term water balance in the source area of the Yellow River basin is influenced by land‐use changes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peat porewater chloride concentration profiles in the Everglades during wet/dry cycles from January 1996 to June 1998: field measurements and theoretical analysis
Authors: Reddy Michael M. , Reddy Micaela B. , Kipp Kenneth L. , Burman Aaron , Schuster Paul , Rawlik Jr. Peter S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWater quality is a key aspect of the Everglades Restoration Project, the largest water reclamation and ecosystem management project proposed in the United States. Movement of nutrients and contaminants to and from Everglades peat porewater could have important consequences for Everglades water quality and ecosystem restoration activities. In a study of Everglades porewater, we observed complex, seasonally variable peat porewater chloride concentration profiles at several locations. Analyses and interpretation of these changing peat porewater chloride concentration profiles identifies processes controlling conservative solute movement at the peat–surface water interface, that is, solutes whose transport is minimally affected by chemical and biological reactions. We examine, with an advection–diffusion model, how alternating wet and dry climatic conditions in the Florida Everglades mediate movement of chloride between peat porewater and marsh surface water. Changing surface water–chloride concentrations alter gradients at the interface between peat and overlying water and hence alter chloride flux across that interface. Surface water chloride concentrations at two frequently monitored sites vary with marsh water depth, and a transfer function was developed to describe daily marsh surface water chloride concentration as a function of marsh water depth. Model results demonstrate that porewater chloride concentrations are driven by changing surface water chloride concentrations, and a sensitivity analysis suggests that inclusion of advective transport in the model improves the agreement between the calculated and the observed chloride concentration profiles. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
c‐jun‐NH2JNK mediates invasive potential and EGFR activation by regulating the expression of HB‐EGF in a urokinase‐stimulated pathway
Authors: Cáceres Mónica , Tobar Nicolás , Guerrero Javier , Smith Patricio C. , Martínez Jorge 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR and the autocrine expression of uPA and HB‐EGF depend on the activity of c‐jun amino‐terminal kinase (JNK) in human prostatic DU‐145 cells. These cells overexpress EGFR and produce a high amount of uPA. Treatment with either SP600125, a specific chemical inhibitor of JNK, or the expression of a dominant‐negative JNK form inhibited autocrine production of uPA and HB‐EGF, which block EGFR phosphorylation and mitigates invasive capacity. Our data provided evidence that in DU‐145 cells, the maintenance of the activation level of EGFR, which determines the cellular invasive potential, operates through an autocrine loop involving the JNK‐dependent production of uPA and HB‐EGF activity. Moreover, we found that exogenously added uPA stimulates autocrine production of HB‐EGF, and that blocking HB‐EGF activity curbed DU‐145 cell invasive potential. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 986–993, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for involvement of NFBP in processing of ribosomal RNA
Authors: Sweet Thersa , Yen William , Khalili Kamel , Amini Shohreh 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRibosomal RNA (rRNA) in vertebrates is initially transcribed as a single 47S precursor which is modified by the addition of 2′‐O‐methyl ribose moieties, pseudouridines, and methyl groups, followed by cleavage at several sites to produce the mature 28S, 18S, and 5.8S rRNAs. Cleavage of the rRNA precursor to generate the 18S rRNA is mediated by a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex termed the processome containing U3, a box C/D small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), and at least 28 cellular proteins. We previously identified a novel human RNA binding protein, NF‐κB binding protein (NFBP), which is the human homolog of Rrp5p, a protein component of the yeast U3 processome. Here, we show that NFBP colocalizes with and coprecipitates U3 in the nucleolus. We also demonstrate that NFBP is essential for the generation of 18S rRNA as maturation of the 18S rRNA is repressed in the absence of NFBP. Using Northern blot analyses, we further show that NFBP is specifically necessary for cleavages at sites A0, 1, and 2, as unprocessed intermediate forms of rRNA accumulated in the absence of NFBP. J. Cell. Physiol. 214: 381–388, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Signal transduction and cell‐type specific regulation of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression: Can MMPs be good for you?
Authors: Vincenti Matthew P. , Brinckerhoff Constance E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn abundance of literature over the past several years indicates a growing interest in the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in normal physiology and in disease pathology. MMPs were originally defined by their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix, but it is now well documented that their substrates extend far beyond matrix components. Recent reviews discuss the structure and function of the MMP family members, as well as the promoter sequences that control gene expression. Thus, we focus on the signal transduction pathways that confer differential cell‐type expression of MMPs, as well as on some novel non‐matrix degrading functions of MMPs, particularly their intracellular location where they may contribute to apoptosis. In addition, increasing data implicate MMPs as “good guys”, protective agents in some cancers and in helping to resolve acute pathologic conditions. Despite the intricate and complicated roles of MMPs in physiology and pathology, the goal of designing therapeutics that can selectively target MMPs remains a major focus. Developing MMP inhibitors with targeted specificity will be difficult; success will depend on understanding the role of these enzymes in homeostasis and on the careful delineation of mechanisms by which this family of enzymes mediates disease pathology. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 355–364, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue stretch decreases soluble TGF‐β1 and type‐1 procollagen in mouse subcutaneous connective tissue: Evidence from ex vivo and in vivo models
Authors: Bouffard Nicole A. , Cutroneo Kenneth R. , Badger Gary J. , White Sheryl L. , Buttolph Thomas R. , Ehrlich H. Paul , Stevens‐Tuttle Debbie , Langevin Helene M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTransforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) plays a key role in connective tissue remodeling, scarring, and fibrosis. The effects of mechanical forces on TGF‐β1 and collagen deposition are not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that brief (10 min) static tissue stretch attenuates TGF‐β1‐mediated new collagen deposition in response to injury. We used two different models: (1) an ex vivo model in which excised mouse subcutaneous tissue (N = 44 animals) was kept in organ culture for 4 days and either stretched (20% strain for 10 min 1 day after excision) or not stretched; culture media was assayed by ELISA for TGF‐β1; (2) an in vivo model in which mice (N = 22 animals) underwent unilateral subcutaneous microsurgical injury on the back, then were randomized to stretch (20–30% strain for 10 min twice a day for 7 days) or no stretch; subcutaneous tissues of the back were immunohistochemically stained for Type‐1 procollagen. In the ex vivo model, TGF‐β1 protein was lower in stretched versus non‐stretched tissue (repeated measures ANOVA, P < 0.01). In the in vivo model, microinjury resulted in a significant increase in Type‐1 procollagen in the absence of stretch (P < 0.001), but not in the presence of stretch (P = 0.21). Thus, brief tissue stretch attenuated the increase in both soluble TGF‐β1 (ex vivo) and Type‐1 procollagen (in vivo) following tissue injury. These results have potential relevance to the mechanisms of treatments applying brief mechanical stretch to tissues (e.g., physical therapy, respiratory therapy, mechanical ventilation, massage, yoga, acupuncture). J. Cell. Physiol. 214: 389–395, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multipotential human adipose‐derived stromal stem cells exhibit a perivascular phenotype in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zannettino A.C.W. , Paton S. , Arthur A. , Khor F. , Itescu S. , Gimble J.M. , Gronthos S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMesenchymal stem‐like cells identified in different tissues reside in a perivascular niche. In the present study, we investigated the putative niche of adipose‐derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) using markers, associated with mesenchymal and perivascular cells, including STRO‐1, CD146, and 3G5. Immunofluorescence staining of human adipose tissue sections, revealed that STRO‐1 and 3G5 co‐localized with CD146 to the perivascular regions of blood vessels. FACS was used to determine the capacity of the CD146, 3G5, and STRO‐1 specific monoclonal antibodies to isolate clonogenic ASCs from disassociated human adipose tissue. Clonogenic fibroblastic colonies (CFU‐F) were found to be enriched in those cell fractions selected with either STRO‐1, CD146, or 3G5. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that cultured ASCs exhibited similar phenotypic profiles in relation to their expression of cell surface markers associated with stromal cells (CD44, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD146, CD166, STRO‐1, alkaline phosphatase), endothelial cells (CD31, CD105, CD106, CD146, CD166), haematopoietic cells (CD14, CD31, CD45), and perivascular cells (3G5, STRO‐1, CD146). The immunoselected ASCs populations maintained their characteristic multipotential properties as shown by their capacity to form Alizarin Red positive mineralized deposits, Oil Red O positive lipid droplets, and Alcian Blue positive proteoglycan‐rich matrix in vitro. Furthermore, ASCs cultures established from either STRO‐1, 3G5, or CD146 selected cell populations, were all capable of forming ectopic bone when transplanted subcutaneously into NOD/SCID mice. The findings presented here, describe a multipotential stem cell population within adult human adipose tissue, which appear to be intimately associated with perivascular cells surrounding the blood vessels. J. Cell. Physiol. 214: 413–421, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of PI3K in HCV‐related lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Alisi Anna , Giannini Carlo , Spaziani Alessandra , Caini Patrizio , Zignego Anna L. , Balsano Clara 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein has been shown to deregulate cell growth and programmed cell death in hepatoma cells, but only minimal informations are available about its possible role on B‐lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). The aim of our work was to analyze the biological activity of HCV core protein on B‐cell proliferation. We established Wil2‐ns and Ramos B‐cell lines that stably expressed the HCV core protein. Growth curve, thymidine incorporation analysis, as well as the expression of PCNA and activated‐ERKs demonstrated that HCV core protein induced an increased growth in both cell lines. Interestingly, the HCV core protein expression determined, in our model, a downregulation of DNp73 and an upregulation of DNp63, which was essential for the maintenance of viral‐dependent effects on cell growth. Finally, we have identified phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) as mediator of HCV core‐dependent transcriptional increase of DNp63, which in turn correlated with the increasing of lymphocyte proliferation. In primary B‐lymphocytes, derived from HCV‐related low‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, consistent results were obtained. These findings provide evidence for a possible pathogenetic role played by HCV core protein in HCV‐related lymphomagenesis; it could occur through the deregulation of PI3K activity, consequent activation of Akt and overexpression of DNp63. J. Cell. Physiol. 214: 396–404, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrin cytoplasmic domain‐associated protein‐1 (ICAP‐1) promotes migration of myoblasts and affects focal adhesions
Authors: Alvarez Belén , Stroeken Peter J.M. , Edel Michael J. , Roos Ed 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIntegrin Cytoplasmic domain‐Associated Protein‐1 (ICAP‐1) binds specifically to the β1 integrin subunit cytoplasmic domain. We observed that RNAi‐induced knockdown of ICAP‐1 reduced migration of C2C12 myoblasts on the β1 integrin ligand laminin and that overexpression of ICAP‐1 increased this migration. In contrast, migration on the β3 integrin ligand vitronectin was not affected. ICAP‐1 knockdown also greatly diminished migration of microvascular endothelial cells on collagen. The number of central focal adhesions in C2C12 cells on laminin was reduced by ICAP‐1 knockdown and increased by ICAP‐1 overexpression. Previously, we demonstrated that ICAP‐1 binds to the ROCK‐I kinase and translocates ROCK‐I to the plasma membrane. We show here that the ROCK kinase inhibitor Y27362 reduces migration on laminin and causes a loss of central focal adhesions, similarly as ICAP‐1 knockdown. ICAP‐1 and ROCK were co‐immune‐precipitated from C2C12 cells, and in cells that overexpressed ICAP‐1, YFP‐ROCK was translocated to membrane ruffles. These results indicate that ICAP‐1 regulates β1 integrin‐dependent cell migration by affecting the pattern of focal adhesion formation. This is likely due to ICAP‐1‐induced translocation of ROCK to β1 integrin attachment sites. J. Cell. Physiol. 214: 474–482, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.