bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative EEG in progressing vs stable mild cognitive impairment (MCI): results of a 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Luckhaus Christian , Grass‐Kapanke Brigitte , Blaeser Ingo , Ihl Ralf , Supprian Tillmann , Winterer Georg , Zielasek Jürgen , Brinkmeyer Jürgen 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe study objective is to evaluate the use of qEEG data for the cross‐sectional differentiation of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in the longitudinal prediction of cognitive decline in MCI.MethodsEighty‐eight subjects with MCI and 42 subjects with mild probable AD were enrolled. Baseline EEGs were recorded using a 32‐channel system with electrode positioning according to the international 10–20 system. Digitalized EEG data were further studied by quantitative spectral analysis. Study subjects were followed up for 1 year and reassessed psychometrically. An increase of the total ADAS‐cog score of ≥ 4 points was regarded as a significant cognitive decline. Using this cut‐off, MCI subjects were sub‐grouped into stable MCI (s‐MCI) and progressing MCI (p‐MCI).ResultsAD subjects and p‐MCI subjects were differentiated from s‐MCI subjects by a reduction of alpha power over posterior leads. Reduction of alpha power and mean frequency were significantly correlated with poorer cognitive performance in psychometric tests. Baseline values of alpha power over posterior leads had the highest positive predictive power for MCI and AD (69–80%) and predicted cognitive decline in MCI within a 1‐year follow up.ConclusionsqEEG revealed decreased alpha activity in progressing MCI and mild AD prior to an increase of slow wave activity, which typically occurs in advancing AD. This finding may reflect an affection of thalamo‐cortical relay activity and cortical connectivity in the early disease course of AD. Reduced alpha activity in MCI subjects at baseline may have prognostic value regarding future cognitive decline. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loneliness and the health of older people
Authors: Luanaigh Conor Ó , Lawlor Brian A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe intense focus on major psychiatric disorders in both contemporary psychiatric research and clinical practice has resulted in the relative neglect of less definable constructs such as loneliness and how such entities might impact on health outcomes. The purpose of this review is to raise awareness among physicians and psychiatrists of the medical impact and biological effects of loneliness as well as making the argument that loneliness should be a legitimate therepeutic target.MethodsUsing Pubmed we searched the literature for research and review papers looking at loneliness as a construct, how it is measured and its health effects. We reviewed the relevant papers and have summarized their main findings.ResultsLoneliness has strong associations with depression and may in fact be an independent risk factor for depression. Furthermore loneliness appears to have a significant impact on physical health being linked detrimentally to higher blood pressure, worse sleep, immune stress responses and worse cognition over time in the elderly. There is a relative deficiency in adequate evidence based treatments for loneliness.ConclusionLoneliness is common in older people an is associated with adverse health consequences both from a mental and physical health point of view. There needs to be an increased focus on initiating intervention strategies targeting loneliness to determine if decreasing loneliness can improve quality of life and functioning in the elderly. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ginkgo biloba for mild to moderate dementia in a community setting: a pragmatic, randomised, parallel‐group, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: McCarney Rob , Fisher Peter , Iliffe Steve , van Haselen Robbert , Griffin Mark , van der Meulen Jan , Warner James 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectivesDoubt over the cost‐effectiveness of the cholinesterase inhibitors in dementia has renewed interest in alternative treatments such as Ginkgo biloba. We aimed to determine the effectiveness and the safety profile of Ginkgo biloba for treating early stage dementia in a community setting.MethodsWe conducted a community‐based, pragmatic, randomised, double‐blind, parallel‐group trial where participants were given a standardised extract of Ginkgo biloba (120 mg daily) or a placebo control for 6 months. Our primary outcomes were cognitive functioning (ADAS‐Cog) and participant and carer‐rated quality of life (QOL‐AD).ResultsWe recruited 176 participants, mainly through general practices. In the ANCOVA model with baseline score as a co‐variate (n = 176), Ginkgo did not have a significant effect on outcome at six months on either the ADAS‐Cog score (p = 0.392), the participant‐rated QOL‐AD score (p = 0.787) nor the carer‐rated QOL‐AD score (p = 0.222).ConclusionWe found no evidence that a standard dose of high purity Ginkgo biloba confers benefit in mild‐moderate dementia over 6 months. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment Target Test Dementia (3TD) ©
Authors: Mesbah M. , Grass‐Kapanke B. , Ihl R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveSo far goal‐oriented therapy in dementia cannot be measured sufficiently. There are no tests that detect a profile of capacities that could describe the targets of training. Thus, it was aimed to develop a test that uncovers a profile of capacities in patients suffering from dementia.MethodsThree groups of subjects (n = 156), 30 patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer type, 28 from depressive disorder and 98 healthy age‐comparable controls were included in the study. Building on already existing tests, items were developed to cover intelligence, visuo‐spatial abilities, cognitive and social problem solving, emotional and executive abilities. All subjects were investigated with the Training Target Test Dementia (3TD). To calculate convergence validity, the Test for the Early Detection of Dementia from depression (TE4D) and the Beck Depression Inventory were assessed. Descriptively, profiles were calculated. Group differences were studied with the Kruskal‐Wallis and the Mann–Whitney‐U‐test.ResultsCharacteristic neuropsychological capacity profiles were found within the three groups. Differences between the groups were significant for all subtests. Significantly, the 3TD separated patients with dementia from controls. It reached high sensitivity and acceptable specificity. The convergence validity to the TE4D was significant (r = 0.77).ConclusionsThe capacity profiles detected may allow for specified therapeutic modules to be scheduled. Moreover, the 3TD will be suitable to discriminate between patients suffering from dementia, depression as well as healthy age‐comparable controls. For therapeutic improvement, further investigation will be needed to prove its sensitivity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape optimization of thermal forced convection fields
Authors: Katamine Eiji , Kawase Yoshiyuki , Azegami Hideyuki 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical analysis method for solving two shape optimization problems, namely, determining temperature distributions in subdomains and maximizing the thermal dissipation on sub‐boundaries of steady‐state thermal convective fields. The square‐error integral between the actual temperature distributions and the prescribed temperature distributions in the prescribed subdomains is employed as the objective function for determining the temperature distribution. The shape gradients for these shape determination problems were derived theoretically using the adjoint variable method, the Lagrange multiplier method and the formulae of the material derivative. Reshaping was accomplished using a traction method that was proposed as a solution to the domain optimization problems. A new numerical procedure is proposed that applies the finite element method to the shape determination problems. The validity of this method was confirmed by 2D numerical analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(5): 313–328, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20202
Numerical and experimental investigation of heat and mass transfer in unsaturated porous media with low convective drying intensity
Authors: Lu Tao , Shen Shengqiang , Liu Xiaohua 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe heat and mass transfer in an unsaturated wet cylindrical bed packed with quartz particles was investigated theoretically and experimentally for relatively low convective drying rates. The medium was dried by blowing dry air over the top of the porous bed which was insulated by impermeable, adiabatic material on the bottom and sides. Local thermodynamic equilibrium was assumed in the mathematical model describing the multi‐phase flow in the unsaturated porous medium using the energy and mass conservation equations for heat and mass transfer during the drying. The drying model included convection and capillary transport of the moisture, and convection and diffusion of the gas. The wet and dry regions were coupled with a dynamic boundary condition at the evaporation front. The numerical results indicated that the drying process could be divided into three periods: the initial temperature rise period, the constant drying rate period, and the reduced drying rate period. The numerical results agreed well with the experimental data, verifying that the mathematical model can evaluate the drying performance of porous media for low drying rates. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(5): 290–312, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20205
A new approach using tissue optic theory to research the properties of organisms
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Yufeng , Zhu Kai , Wang Ruyuan , Chen Ruiqiu , Tian Jinying 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBased on theories of tissue optics and artificial neural network, the relationship between the optical properties and biological parameters was studied, and a new experimental calculation method was derived. The properties of the organism were obtained indirectly by a black box model derived by self‐study of the artificial neural network between optical parameters and thermo‐physical parameters. The results calculated from the black box have an average relative error between –5% and 5% when compared with the actual values, which verifies the neural network method's feasibility for the measurement of parameters in other domains. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(5): 283–289, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20207
Effect of helix angle of spirally corrugated tube on condensation heat transfer characteristics
Authors: Yu Min , Guo Ying , Yang Mo , Lu Mei 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSpirally corrugated tubes with different helix angles have been used in experiments on the characteristics of condensation heat transfer and flow resistance. The result of the experimentation shows that the helix angle plays a vital part in the spirally corrugated tube during the process of condensation heat transfer. This paper analyzes the mechanism of how the helix angle influences the characteristics of condensation heat transfer and flow resistance, and presents an experimental correlation formula of condensation heat transfer which takes the helix angle into account as a factor. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(5): 275–282, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20208
Effectiveness of antipsychotic polypharmacy for patients with treatment refractory schizophrenia: an open‐label trial of olanzapine plus risperidone for those who failed to respond to a sequential treatment with olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone
Authors: Suzuki Takefumi , Uchida Hiroyuki , Watanabe Koichiro , Nakajima Shinichiro , Nomura Kensuke , Takeuchi Hiroyoshi , Tanabe Akira , Yagi Gohei , Kashima Haruo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of antipsychotic polypharmacy in a methodologically sound manner.MethodsIn this open‐label study, 17 patients with treatment‐refractory schizophrenia, who failed to respond to a sequential monotherapy with olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone, were subsequently treated with a combination therapy with olanzapine plus risperidone for at least 8 weeks.ResultsSeven responded according to the primary endpoint defined as the post‐treatment Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale being less than 70% of the pretreatment values, and they were classified as such an average of 10 weeks after the initiation of polypharmacy. Two of them were successful in a later conversion to monotherapy. None dropped out prematurely. Four (out of 13 inpatients) got better enough to be discharged from the hospital, while six patients did not show any response. The Global Assessment of Functioning score improved from 37.1 to 53.0 in responders (mean maximum dose: olanzapine 12.9 mg; risperidone 3.14 mg), while it showed non‐significant changes among others (mean maximum dose: olanzapine 14.5 mg; risperidone 5.50 mg). Body weight, prolactin, and total cholesterol increased significantly.ConclusionsAntipsychotic polypharmacy might be sometimes helpful for difficult populations but at the cost of adverse effects. More studies of antipsychotic combination therapy versus clozapine, augmentation strategies or tenacious longer‐ term monotherapy are warranted for refractory schizophrenia. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glutamate forward and reverse transport: From molecular mechanism to transporter‐mediated release after ischemia
Authors: Grewer Christof , Gameiro Armanda , Zhang Zhou , Tao Zhen , Braams Simona , Rauen Thomas 
Published: June 2008

AbstractGlutamate transporters remove the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate from the extracellular space after neurotransmission is complete, by taking glutamate up into neurons and glia cells. As thermodynamic machines, these transporters can also run in reverse, releasing glutamate into the extracellular space. Because glutamate is excitotoxic, this transporter‐mediated release is detrimental to the health of neurons and axons, and it, thus, contributes to the brain damage that typically follows a stroke. This review highlights current ideas about the molecular mechanisms underlying glutamate uptake and glutamate reverse transport. It also discusses the implications of transporter‐mediated glutamate release for cellular function under physiological and patho‐physiological conditions. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(9): 609–619, 2008
Staurosporine rapidly commits 3T3‐F442A cells to the formation of adipocytes by activation of GSK‐3β and mobilization of calcium
Authors: Diaz‐Velasquez Clara E. , Castro‐Muñozledo Federico , Kuri‐Harcuch Walid 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPre‐adipose 3T3‐F442A cells exposed to fetal bovine serum or human growth hormone (adipogenic medium) become irreversibly committed to differentiation into adipocytes within 24–36 h. We show now that the action of the serine‐threonine kinase inhibitor staurosporine is much more rapid since its addition in non‐adipogenic medium resulted in commitment to adipocyte differentiation within 4–6 h. During this period, glycogen synthase kinase 3β was activated. Commitment depended on an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration that was modulated in part by a T‐type calcium channel since mibefradil, amiloride, and NiCl2, which are selective blockers of the T‐type channels, partially inhibited adipose differentiation. Studies of the inhibitory action of retinoic acid showed that a period of time after exposure to St was required in order to stabilize the commitment to adipose differentiation. It was concluded that the commitment of the cells consists of two stages. Commitment is promoted during the first one, and during the second there is a stabilization which still can be destabilized by the addition of retinoic acid or other drugs. The commitment becomes stable after 40 h of staurosporine treatment, and can no longer be prevented by retinoic acid. The identification of these two stages of commitment makes it possible to analyze in further detail early molecular events of the process and the nature of any other participating genes. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 147–157, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The α4‐containing form of protein phosphatase 2A in liver and hepatic cells
Authors: Yoo Sunny J.‐S. , Jimenez Rosa H. , Sanders Jennifer A. , Boylan Joan M. , Brautigan David L. , Gruppuso Philip A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe Ser/Thr phosphatase PP2A is a set of multisubunit enzymes that regulate many cellular processes. In yeast, the PP2A regulatory subunit Tap42 forms part of the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway that links nutrient and energy availability to cell growth. The physiological intersection between the mammalian orthologs of Tap42 and TOR, α4 and mTOR, has not been fully characterized. We used two in vivo models of liver growth in the rat, late gestation fetal development and regeneration after partial hepatectomy, to explore the regulation of the α4‐containing form of PP2A. The α4/PP2A catalytic subunit (α4/PP2A‐C) complex was present in both fetal and adult liver extracts. There was a trend towards higher levels of α4 protein in fetal liver, but the complex was more abundant in adult liver. Fractionation of extracts by ion exchange chromatography and transient transfection of the AML12 mouse hepatic cell line indicated that α4 associates with PP2A‐C but that these complexes have low catalytic activity with both peptide and protein substrates. α4 was able to associate with forms of PP2A‐C that were both methylated and non‐methylated at the carboxy‐terminus. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin did not block the formation of α4/PP2A‐C in liver or hepatic cells, nor did it appear to modulate PP2A activity. Furthermore, sensitivity to the growth inhibitory effects of rapamycin among a panel of hepatic cell lines did not correlate with levels of α4 or α4/PP2A‐C. Our results indicate that the yeast Tap42/TOR paradigm is not conserved in hepatic cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 290–300, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prolonged blockade of VEGF family members does not cause identifiable damage to retinal neurons or vessels
Authors: Ueno Shinji , Pease Mary Ellen , Wersinger Delphine M. Bonnet , Masuda Tomohiro , Vinores Stanley A. , Licht Tamar , Zack Donald J. , Quigley Harry , Keshet Eli , Campochiaro Peter A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSeveral ocular diseases complicated by neovascularization are being treated by repeated intraocular injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonists. While substantial benefits have been documented, there is concern that unrecognized damage may be occurring, because blockade of VEGF may damage the fenestrated vessels of the choroicapillaris and deprive retinal neurons of input from a survival factor. One report has suggested that even temporary blockade of all isoforms of VEGF‐A results in significant loss of retinal ganglion cells. In this study, we utilized double transgenic mice with doxycycline‐inducible expression of soluble VEGF receptor 1 coupled to an Fc fragment (sVEGFR1Fc), a potent antagonist of several VEGF family members, including VEGF‐A, to test the effects of VEGF blockade in the retina. Expression of sVEGFR1Fc completely blocked VEGF‐induced retinal vascular permeability and significantly suppressed the development of choroidal neovascularization at rupture sites in Bruch's membrane, but did not cause regression of established choroidal neovascularization. Mice with constant expression of sVEGFR1Fc in the retina for 7 months had normal electroretinograms and normal retinal and choroidal ultrastructure including normal fenestrations in the choroicapillaris. They also showed no significant difference from control mice in the number of ganglion cell axons in optic nerve cross sections and the retinal level of mRNA for 3 ganglion cell‐specific genes. These data indicate that constant blockade of VEGF for up to 7 months has no identifiable deleterious effects on the retina or choroid and support the use of VEGF antagonists in the treatment of retinal diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 13–22, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of water channel aquaporin 3 in the mechanism of TNF‐α‐mediated proinflammatory events: Implication in periodontal inflammation
Authors: Tancharoen S. , Matsuyama T. , Abeyama K. , Matsushita K. , Kawahara K. , Sangalungkarn V. , Tokuda M. , Hashiguchi T. , Maruyama I. , Izumi Y. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAquaporin 3 (AQP3) is the predominant water channel protein in human keratinocytes and acts as an inflammatory mediator in some lesions. A chronic, inflammatory process of periodontitis is related with a dramatic change of surrounding fluid homeostasis to plasma extravasation. The exact pattern of aquaporin (AQP) water channel expression and its mechanism in periodontal disease is still unknown. We describe herein an up‐regulated AQP3 expression in the epithelial lesion with chronic periodontitis and its functional role. The levels of AQP3 expression in inflamed gingival epithelial tissues were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects. Consistent with these results, AQP3 expression (i.e., levels of mRNA and protein) in cultured rat primary gingival epithelial cells and the human gingival epithelial cell line Ca9‐22 were strongly increased in response to TNF‐α treatment through the 55 kDa TNF‐α receptor (TNFR I). In this context, small interfering RNA‐ (siRNA)‐mediated “aqp‐3gene silencing,” which could reduce AQP3 expression by more than 65%, significantly attenuated selected proinflammatory events of ICAM‐1 expression induced by TNF‐α in Ca9‐22. A sixfold increase in leukocyte adherence to TNF‐α‐stimulated epithelial cells was demonstrated by an adherence assay (P < 0.001) and pretreatment with AQP3 siRNA and anti‐ICAM‐1 antibody reduced leukocyte retention by 85% (P < 0.001). Our study indicates for the first time a novel important mode in the regulation of the inflammatory response through TNF‐α/TNFR I ligation at the site of epithelial lesions by specialized membrane channel AQP3 and ICAM‐1 protein, which is closely implicated in the development of periodontitis mechanisms. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 338–349, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.