bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiaxial fatigue life prediction using an improved Smith‐Watson‐Topper model
Authors: Li Jing , Shao Feng‐shan , He Zheng‐wei , Ma Juan , Qiu Yuan‐ying , Beer Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the SWT model was improved by incorporating the Walker equation into the strain–life curve. The established model takes into account the material's sensitivity to mean stress by introducing the Walker exponent,w. Under uniaxial loading condition, the proposed model can reduce to the SWT model, Manson‐Coffin equation, and Walker model forwvalues of 0.5, 1, and 0, respectively. Under multiaxial symmetric loading, whenw = 0.5, the proposed model can be simplified as another SWT correction model (CXH) proposed by Chen et al. The prediction accuracy of the established model was validated using about 200 data points collected from literature. These data points were obtained from tests conducted on eight different kinds of metals under various multiaxial loading paths. The verification results indicate that 96.8% and 97.9% of the data points fall within the factor‐of‐three boundary for the loading paths without and with mean stresses, respectively.
Wetness severity increases abrupt shifts in ecosystem functioning in arid savannas
Authors: Vermeulen L. M. , Verbist B. , Van Meerbeek K. , Slingsby J. , Bernardino P. N. , Somers B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe accelerating pace of climate change has led to unprecedented shifts in surface temperature and precipitation patterns worldwide, with African savannas being among the most vulnerable regions. Understanding the impacts of these extreme changes on ecosystem health, functioning and stability is crucial. This paper focuses on the detection of breakpoints, indicative of shifts in ecosystem functioning, while also determining relevant ecosystem characteristics and climatic drivers that increase susceptibility to these shifts within the semi‐arid to arid savanna biome. Utilising a remote sensing change detection approach and rain use efficiency (RaUE) as a proxy for ecosystem functioning, spatial and temporal patterns of breakpoints in the savanna biome were identified. We then employed a novel combination of survival analysis and remote sensing time series analysis to compare ecosystem characteristics and climatic drivers in areas experiencing breakpoints versus areas with stable ecosystem functioning. Key ecosystem factors increasing savanna breakpoint susceptibility were identified, namely higher soil sand content, flatter terrain and a cooler long‐term mean temperature during the wet summer season. Moreover, the primary driver of changes in ecosystem functioning in arid savannas, as opposed to wetter tropical savannas, was found to be the increased frequency and severity of rainfall events, rather than drought pressures. This research highlights the importance of incorporating wetness severity metrics alongside drought metrics to comprehensively understand climate–ecosystem interactions leading to abrupt shifts in ecosystem functioning in arid biomes. The findings also emphasise the need to consider the underlying ecosystem characteristics, including soil, topography and vegetation composition, in assessing ecosystem responses to climate change. While this research primarily concentrated on the southern African savanna as a case study, the methodological robustness of this approach enables its application to diverse arid and semi‐arid biomes for the assessment of climate–ecosystem interactions that contribute to abrupt shifts.
Ecosystem services at risk from disturbance in Europe's forests
Authors: Lecina‐Diaz Judit , Senf Cornelius , Grünig Marc , Seidl Rupert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlobal change impacts on disturbances can strongly compromise the capacity of forests to provide ecosystem services to society. In addition, many ecosystem services in Europe are simultaneously provided by forests, emphasizing the importance of multifunctionality in forest ecosystem assessments. To address disturbances in forest ecosystem policies and management, spatially explicit risk analyses that consider multiple disturbances and ecosystem services are needed. However, we do not yet know which ecosystem services are most at risk from disturbances in Europe, where the respective risk hotspots are, nor which of the main disturbance agents are most detrimental to the provisioning of multiple ecosystem services from Europe's forests. Here, we quantify the risk of losing important ecosystem services (timber supply, carbon storage, soil erosion control and outdoor recreation) to forest disturbances (windthrows, bark beetle outbreaks and wildfires) in Europe on a continental scale. We find that up to 12% of Europe's ecosystem service supply is at risk from current disturbances. Soil erosion control is the ecosystem service at the highest risk, and windthrow is the disturbance agent posing the highest risk. Disturbances challenge forest multifunctionality by threatening multiple ecosystem services simultaneously on 19.8 Mha (9.7%) of Europe's forests. Our results highlight priority areas for risk management aiming to safeguard the sustainable provisioning of forest ecosystem services.
Association of pneumonia admission with polypharmacy and drug use in community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Hamaya Hironobu , Kojima Taro , Hattori Yukari , Akishita Masahiro 
Published: March 2024

AimThe purpose of the present study was to clarify the association of pneumonia admission with polypharmacy and specific drug use in community‐dwelling older people.MethodsUsing health insurance and long‐term care insurance data from Kure city in Japan, we retrospectively collected data for older community‐dwelling people (aged ≥65 years) from April 2017 to March 2019. The outcome was pneumonia admission. We carried out multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the association of pneumonia admission with polypharmacy (≥5 drugs), the use of psychotropic drugs or anticholinergics with adjustment for patient backgrounds, such as comorbidity, and the daily life independence level for the older people with disability.ResultsOf 59 040 older people, 4017 (6.8%) participants were admitted for pneumonia in 2 years. The ratio of polypharmacy, and the use of psychotropic drugs and anticholinergics in the admission group were significantly higher than the non‐admission group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that polypharmacy (odds ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.18–1.41), and the use of conventional antipsychotic drugs (odds ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.90), atypical antipsychotic drugs (odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.37–2.05) and anticholinergics (odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.13–1.33) were significantly associated with pneumonia admission.ConclusionThe present results suggest that polypharmacy, and the use of psychotropic drugs and anticholinergics are risk factors for pneumonia admission. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 404–409.
Oral epithelial dysplasia with lymphocytic immune response: clinicopathological characterisation of 44 cases
Authors: Stojanov Ivan J , Omari Joud , Akeel Ibrahim , Sultan Ahmed S , Woo Sook‐Bin 
Published: March 2024

AimsOral epithelial dysplasia (OED) often exhibits a lymphocytic/lichenoid immune response (LIR), imparting histological resemblance to lichenoid mucositis and rendering diagnosis challenging. The clinical appearances of OED and lichenoid inflammatory processes are generally divergent, presenting as well‐demarcated hyperkeratotic plaques and diffuse white and/or red mucosal change with variably prominent Wickham striae, respectively. To date, clinicopathological characterisation of OED with LIR, including clinical/gross appearance, has not been depicted.Methods and resultsCases of solitary OED with LIR for which a clinical photograph was available were identified in the authors’ institutional files. Clinical and histological features were documented. In 44 identified cases, dysplasia was mild (19 of 44, 43.2%), moderate (19 of 44, 43.2%) and severe (six of 44, 13.6%). Clinically/grossly, all 44 cases (100.0%), presented as well‐demarcated hyperkeratotic plaques lacking diffuse white‐and‐red mucosal change or Wickham striae. Histologically, OED with LIR exhibited numerous ‘lichenoid’ features beyond the lymphocytic band in the superficial lamina propria, including: leucocyte transmigration (38 of 44, 86.4%), spongiosis (37 of 44, 84.1%), Civatte/colloid bodies (36 of 44, 81.8%), basal cell degeneration (29 of 45, 65.9%), sawtooth rete ridges (11 of 44, 25.0%) and subepithelial clefting (7 of 44, 15.9%).ConclusionsVirtually any lichenoid histological feature may be seen in OED with LIR, representing a significant diagnostic pitfall. The typical clinical appearance of OED with LIR is of a well‐demarcated hyperkeratotic plaque, characteristic of keratinising dysplasia and devoid of lichenoid features. This suggests that pathologist access to clinical photographs during diagnostic interpretation of biopsied white lesions, which represents opportunity to perform gross examination of the disease process, may reduce interobserver variability and improve diagnostic accuracy in this challenging differential diagnosis.
Language dynamics and agency in multilingual research interviews
Authors: Svensson Hanna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn a world of increasing linguistic diversity, questions of language use and language ideologies in research interviews are gaining increasing importance. This article reports and reflects on language use in research interviews with former refugees in New Zealand and Sweden. In the interviews, multilingual speakers had the option to engage in the host language (English or Swedish, respectively), to bring their own language support person, or to request a professional interpreter. The article suggests that providing these options enabled participants to engage a greater range of linguistic and multimodal resources to create meaning and construct their identities, and also provided opportunities for language learning in the interviews. The article also highlights the importance of acknowledging the role of interpreters in the co‐construction of meaning and what this means for data collection and findings.
Enzyme‐assisted extraction of rapeseed oil with minimum water addition: a proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Thomsen Kristian , Raak Norbert , Gregersen Sandra Beyer , Månsson Lars , Miquel Becker Eleonora 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe increased demand for vegetable oils calls for new strategies for enhancing the yield of mechanical oil extraction, preferably without the use of potentially hazardous solvents such as n‐hexane. Enzyme‐assisted oil extraction has been studied under aqueous conditions, where the oil recovery was enhanced due to the partial enzymatic breakdown of cell wall compounds. However, this process is often not feasible for industrial applications, where mechanical pressing of dry seeds is implemented. This study provides a proof‐of‐concept for enzyme‐assisted rapeseed oil extraction with minimum water addition (1 mL per 100 g rapeseeds). The application of cellulytic and pectolytic enzymes increased the reducing sugar content as a result of the carbohydrate breakdown. The oil recovery in the mechanical pressing was increased significantly from ~60% to ~65%, and the quality of the oils was not significantly affected by the enzyme treatment.
Impact of digital technologies on the risk assessment in food supply chain: a wake towards digitalisation
Authors: Sharma Janpriy , Tyagi Mohit , Kazançoğlu Yiğit 
Published: March 2024

SummaryNowadays, the adoption of digital technologies getting a significant pace. It has the potential to improve the existing dynamics of the food supply chains and improve its transparency. Many times, uncertainties prevail in the food supply chain performance systems, which cause amplification of risk. These uncertainties are due to a lack of product traceability mechanisms in the food supply chains. Hence, it becomes vital to harness the potential of digital technologies like the Internet of Things, Blockchain, and common digital platforms to improve the flow of information and products in the food supply chain. The presented work is aimed at assessing the impact of digital technologies on risk identification and its mitigation in the food supply chain dynamics. For the same, risks are assessed relative to its mitigation strategy by the two‐stage methodology of preference rating approach. Here, the impacts of risk under consideration are quantified relative to every risk mitigation strategy for a better depiction of the potential of digital transformation of the food supply chain. It yields the broadening of its implication perspectives at operational, strategic and tactical levels of the food supply chain and makes them future‐ready.
Leveraging supply chain collaboration with digital technologies for supply chain performance: an empirical investigation of Indian meat industries
Authors: Srivastava Priyank , Ansari Hammad , Alrasheedi Melfi , Sharma Rohit , Prakash Surya , Gupta Sumit 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe meat industry plays a vital role in India's economy, contributing significantly to employment and GDP. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in digitalising the meat supply chain in India to address these challenges and enhance efficiency, transparency, and traceability. Digitalisation enables real‐time monitoring of environmental conditions, such as humidity and temperature, during storage and transportation, ensuring optimal preservation of meat products. Government initiatives, such as the Digital India programme and the Atma‐Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan, provide support and incentives to foster digitalisation in the meat industry and other sectors. This study analysed the implementation of digital technologies and supply chain performance as the involvement of top management commitment is crucial while carrying out this task. It supports that the implementation of digital technologies would lead to an increase in supply chain collaboration and it further would lead to an increase in supply chain performance. This study will help robust and more unified supply chain by connecting the stakeholders digitally as well as by applying digital technologies for smooth industry operations.
Investigating the individual effects of salt, sucrose and native starch on the gelation and rheological behaviour of debranched cassava starch
Authors: Sari Putri Meutia , Uttapap Dudsadee , Wandee Yuree , Kaisangsri Nattapon , Rungsardthong Vilai 
Published: March 2024

SummaryDebranched starch (DBS) is widely used for the preparation of retrograded resistant starch type 3 due to its linear molecular feature. Upon application, interactions of the DBS with food ingredients can cause rheological and textural changes in cooked foods. This study aimed to investigate the individual effects of salt, sucrose and native starch at varying concentrations on gelation and rheological behaviour of debranched cassava starch (DBCS). Adding salt (NaCl; 0.5%–2.0% w/w) delayed gel formation. Frequency sweep tests of these gels indicated an apparent elastic solid‐like behaviour with or without salt. However, the gel weakened with increasing salt concentration. This result was confirmed by reduced gel hardness and gumminess. Unlike salt, adding sugar (sucrose; 5%–15% w/w) and native cassava starch (0.5%–20.0% w/w) enhanced gel formation. Gels incorporating sucrose or native starch displayed elastic solid‐like behaviour and had higher stiffness than the control. However, the dependence of their elastic moduli on frequency differed. The G′ and G″ of DBCS gels with native starch fluctuated with frequency. Texture analysis confirmed that the gels incorporating sucrose or native starch had higher strength than the control. In conclusion, salt delays gelation and reduces gel strength while sucrose and native starch show the opposite effects. Further research on the effects of other food ingredients especially protein and lipid as well as mixed ingredients on DBS gel properties is needed to gain a better understanding of DBS gel behaviours in real food systems.
Preparation and characterisation of silybin nanoemulsions based on complex emulsifiers: stability, in vitro release properties and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Li Zhibei , Liu Xing , Liu Kai , Zhao Bolin , Li Qiuxia , Xi Jingjing , Li Xiaofang 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe low solubility of Silybin (Slb) presents a significant obstacle to its further application. In this study, silybin nanoemulsion (Slb‐NE) stabilised by sodium aseinate/glycyrrhetinic acid (NaCas/GA) complex emulsifiers were prepared for effective delivery of Slb. When the NaCas:GA mass ratio was 1:1, Slb‐NE had small particle size (189 nm), low PDI (0.125), and high zeta potential (−27.27 mv). SEM, TEM, and FI‐IR studies indicated that the emulsion system was spherical and homogeneous, and Slb was successfully loaded into Slb‐NE without generating new chemical bonds. Furthermore, the complex emulsifiers improved the stability of Slb‐NE. In vitro release and antioxidant experiments showed that the incorporation of GA strengthened the sustained release and antioxidant capacity of Slb‐NE. NaCas/GA can be used as a natural and green complex emulsifiers for delivery of difficult‐to‐solve ingredients.
Visual attention to food cues and dental caries—Are they associated?
Authors: Cho Vanessa Y. , Anthonappa Robert P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe role of diet has a key role in dental caries. Attention to food cues can be an indicator for food choices.AimThis study investigates children's visual attention to images with healthy and unhealthy food cues and correlates it with that of their parents and with their dental caries status using eye‐tracking technology.DesignA total of 30 children with and without dental caries and their 30 parents were calibrated to the eye‐tracking device (Tobii Nano Pro) to ensure standardisation. Participants viewed matching images of healthy and unhealthy food cues, whereas an eye‐tracking device tracked their eye movements. Children had a dental examination and were classified as children with dental caries (n = 15) and their parents (n = 15), and children without dental caries (n = 15) and their parents (n = 15).ResultsIn children with dental caries, visual attention duration was longer to healthy foods than to unhealthy foods. Likewise, parents of children with dental caries spent longer time looking at healthy foods than unhealthy foods.ConclusionOur preliminary findings indicate a significant association between children's visual attention to healthy and unhealthy food cues and their dental caries status. This underscores the need for further investigation into the correlation between children's and their parents' visual attention to food, particularly in the context of children with dental caries. Such exploration holds promise for informing targeted interventions in food choice education.
Association between hypertension and pressure ulcer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Yanting , Zhou Wei , Du Haiyang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis review aims to systematically evaluate the association between hypertension and pressure ulcer (PU). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies from their inception until September 12, 2023. Literature search, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted independently by two researchers. The random‐effects model was used to calculate the combined odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of hypertension in patients with PU; subgroup analyses were performed to explore the source of between‐study heterogeneity; sensitivity analysis was used to test the robust of the combined result; and funnel plot and Egger's test were used to assess the publication bias. Finally, a total of 19 studies with 564 716 subjects were included; the overall pooled result showed no significant association between hypertension and risk of developing PU (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.90–1.47, p = 0.27); and the sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis showed robust of the combined result. Subgroup analysis indicated a significant association between hypertension and PU when the primary disease was COVID‐19 (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.35–2.22, p < 0.0001). No association between hypertension and PU was seen in subgroup analysis on the patient source and study design. In sum, there is no significantly statistical association between hypertension and the occurrence of PU in most cases, while the risk of PU significantly elevates among COVID‐19 patients combined with hypertension regardless of patient source and study design.
Primary school students' perceptions and developed artefacts and language from learning coding and computational thinking using the 3C model
Authors: Martin David A. , Curtis Peter , Redmond Petrea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundA resurgence in teaching coding in primary school classrooms has led to a pedagogical swing towards using physical computing and coding to develop students' use of algorithms, computational thinking, and problem‐solving skills. Two obstacles impede the optimal development of these objectives: the availability of a suitable pedagogy and an instructional sequencing model for primary school teachers to effectively present coding and computational thinking concepts and skills to students in alignment with their developmental stage.ObjectiveThis study aims to address both obstacles by introducing the 3C Model, a newly developed instructional sequence grounded in established pedagogies and designed to effectively teach coding and computational thinking skills to primary school students based on their developmental stage.MethodsThe qualitative study employed two data sources to triangulate findings, using: (1) semi‐structured interviews and thematic analysis to investigate 11 primary school students' perceptions of their learning experiences with the 3C Model, and (2) researcher observations along with reflections of the students' developed and demonstrated learning through the method of knowing‐in‐action, reflection‐in‐action, and reflection‐on‐action.Results and ConclusionsThe findings of this study fill a gap in the existing literature by demonstrating that the pedagogical and sequential approach embedded in the 3C Model not only enhanced students' engagement levels but also resulted in improved curriculum learning outcomes. The 3C Model provides teachers with a coherent and age‐appropriate instructional structure. It uses physical computing devices and digital coding platforms to introduce coding concepts, furthering the development of computational thinking skills in primary school students beyond mere procedural and rote learning.ImplicationsThe study holds important implications for practical applications, as it addresses an absence in the literature of an established pedagogy and instructional sequencing model for effectively teaching coding and computational thinking concepts and skills to primary school students. Drawing on established pedagogical and developmental learning theories, the 3C Model provides primary school teachers with an engaging, age‐appropriate instructional method that avoids decontextualised teaching and surface‐based learning. Instead, it encourages collaborative student work and contextualised learning, steering away from isolated and generic approaches.