bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral imaging and convolutional neural networks for augmented documentation of ancient Egyptian artefacts
Authors: Cucci Costanza , Guidi Tommaso , Picollo Marcello , Stefani Lorenzo , Python Lorenzo , Argenti Fabrizio , Barucci Andrea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The study aims at investigating the use of reflectance Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) in the Visible (Vis) and Near Infrared (NIR) range in combination with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to address the tasks related to ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs recognition. Recently, well-established CNN architectures trained to address segmentation of objects within images have been successfully tested also for trial sets of hieroglyphs. In real conditions, however, the surfaces of the artefacts can be highly degraded, featuring corrupted and scarcely readable inscriptions which highly reduce the CNNs capabilities in automated recognition of symbols. In this study, the use of HSI technique in the extended Vis-NIR range is proposed to retrieve readability of degraded symbols by exploiting spectral images. Using different algorithmic chains, HSI data are processed to obtain enhanced images to be fed to the CNN architectures. In this pilot study, an ancient Egyptian coffin (XXV Dynasty), featuring a degraded hieroglyphic inscription, was used as a benchmark to test, in real conditions, the proposed methodological approaches. A set of Vis-NIR HSI data acquired on-site, in the framework of a non-invasive diagnostic campaign, was used in combination with CNN architectures to perform hieroglyphs segmentation. The outcomes of the different methodological approaches are presented and compared to each other and to the results obtained using standard RGB images.
An uncut copy of Scleromyceti Sueciae: lost and then found
Authors: Watling Roy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
A copy of Scleromyceti Sueciae, a work on which the nomenclature of many fungi is based was known to occur in Scotland’s Glasgow University Botany Department but the buildings were devastated by fire in 2001 and the whereabouts of this important work, if it existed, was lost. Its re-finding is reported herein.

Results
The Glasgow copy of Scleromyceti Sueciae, an uncut first edition of Fries’ work, was located in the Glasgow Museums in its original cabinet being transferred there years before the fire and its specimens being now databased. It is one of the few existing uncut copies of this important scientific work and one of the best-preserved copies of the first edition.

Conclusion
The discovery of this first edition of Scleromyceti Sueciae emphasizes the significance to reserve special conservation for important collections by early mycologists. It also allows interested mycologists world-wide to know of the existence in Glasgow of an uncut, first edition copy.
The Gestational Obesity Weight Management: Implementation of National Guidelines (GLOWING) study: a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Heslehurst Nicola , McParlin Catherine , Sniehotta Falko F. , Rankin Judith , Crowe Lisa , McColl Elaine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy weight management interventions can improve maternal diet, physical activity, gestational weight gain, and postnatal weight retention. UK guidelines were published in 2010 but health professionals report multiple complex barriers to practice. GLOWING used social cognitive theory to address evidence-based barriers to midwives’ implementation of weight management guidelines into routine practice. This paper reports the pilot trial outcomes relating to feasibility and acceptability of intervention delivery and trial procedures.

Methods
GLOWING was a multi-centre parallel-group pilot cluster RCT comparing the delivery of a behaviour change intervention for midwives (delivered as training workshops) with usual practice. The clusters were four NHS Trusts in Northeast England, randomised to intervention or control arms. Blinding of allocation was not possible due to the nature of the intervention. We aimed to deliver the intervention to all eligible midwives in the intervention arm, in groups of 6 midwives per workshop, and to pilot questionnaire data collection for a future definitive trial. Intervention arm midwives’ acceptability of GLOWING content and delivery was assessed using a mixed methods questionnaire, and pregnant women’s acceptability of trial procedures by interviews. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively and qualitative data thematically.

Results
In intervention arm Trusts, 100% of eligible midwives (n = 67) were recruited to, and received, the intervention; however, not all workshops had the planned number of attendees (range 3–8). The consent rate amongst midwives randomised (n = 100) to complete questionnaires was 74% (n = 74) (95% CI 65%, 83%), and overall completion rate 89% (n = 66) (95% CI 82%, 96%). Follow-up response rate was 66% (n = 49) (95% CI 55%, 77%), with a marked difference between intervention (39%, n = 15) and control (94%, n = 34) groups potentially due to the volume of research activities. Overall, 64% (n = 47) (95% CI 53%, 75%) completed both baseline and follow-up questionnaires. Midwives viewed the intervention as acceptable and directly relevant to routine practice. The least popular components related to scripted role-plays. Pregnant women viewed the recruitment and trial processes to be acceptable.

Conclusions
This rigorously conducted pilot study demonstrated feasibility intervention delivery and a high level of acceptability amongst participants. It has provided information required to refine the intervention and trial protocol, enhancing confidence that a definitive trial could be carried out.

Trial registration
ISRCTN46869894; retrospectively registered 25th May 2016, www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN46869894.
Measuring academic self-efficacy and learning outcomes: the mediating role of university English students' academic commitment
Authors: AL-Qadri Abdo Hasan , Mouas Samia , Saraa Nadia , Boudouaia Azzeddine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStudying determinant factors for effective learning communities has become a priority for sustainable education in Yemen. Yet, comprehensive knowledge of academic self-efficacy (ASE), academic commitment (AC), and learning outcomes (LOs) variables is limited in higher education, particularly. This research aimed to examine the role of these variables in enhancing the learning attainments of Yemeni university students by studying the direct impacts of ASE and AC on LOs, the influence of ASE on AC, and, lastly, how AC mediates the relationship between ASE and LOs. The research employed a meticulously validated measurement model encompassing 12 ASE items, 10 LOs items, and 27 AC items, using robust statistical methods such as EFA, CFA, and SEM. The study engaged 611 students aged 19–27. Empirical findings confirmed the significant impact of ASE on AC and LOs, as well as the impact of AC on LOs, both of which serve as vital factors in the academic context. Moreover, the research identified an indirect influence of ASE on LOs mediated through AC. On the other hand, the results concerning the demographic variables indicated significant differences between gender and age groups, as well as between age and educational level groups. However, no differences were found when comparing gender and level groups or when considering gender, age, and level together for ASE and LOs. In contrast, for students' AC, all comparisons were significant except for the gender and age comparison. The study offers valuable insights into educational practices and policies and concludes with practical recommendations to enhance the academic environment, informed by these study outcomes.
Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in females with breast cancer
Authors: Fawzy Ahmed A. , El-Menyawi Khaled A. , Sallam Walid M. , Zahran Mohamed E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of mortality worldwide. Although the incidence of cancer is rising, modern comprehensive management including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy led to decreased mortality, but also different cardiovascular complications. Conventional EF measurement fails to detect subtle changes in LV function, so a more sensitive tool is needed.

Methods
The study included 101 asymptomatic female patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer who received anthracycline ± trastuzumab-based chemotherapy regimen. A comprehensive echocardiographic examination was performed before receiving the chemotherapy (T0), at 3 months (T1), and at 6 months after (T2). All patients had pre-treatment normal LV EF. Asymptomatic CTRCD is defined as: severe if new LVEF reduction to < 40%, moderate if new LVEF reduction by ≥ 10 percentage points to an LVEF of 40–49% or new LVEF reduction by, 10 percentage points to an LVEF of 40– 49% and either new relative decline in GLS by .15% from baseline or new rise in cardiac biomarkers and mild if LVEF ≥ 50% and new relative decline in GLS by .15% from baseline and/or new rise in cardiac biomarkers. Symptomatic CTRCD is defined as: very severe if HF requiring inotropic support, mechanical circulatory support, or consideration of transplantation, severe if required hospitalization, moderate if required outpatient intensification of diuretic and HF therapy and mild if there are mild HF symptoms and no intensification of therapy required according to the latest ESC cardio oncology guidelines. The Lower reference value set for RV S’ was less than 10cm/s to define RV systolic dysfunction according to ASE guidelines.

Results
CTRCD occurred in 24 patients (25.5%) while RV systolic dysfunction was more common occurring in 37 patients (39.4%). LV GLS at (T1) (cut-off value < -15% with relative 12.5% reduction from the baseline value) was a strong predictor of CTRCD, but combining LV GLS with RV GLS & RV FWLS was the strongest (AUC = 0.947, sensitivity = 91.67%, specificity = 90%).

Conclusion
Chemotherapy induces biventricular changes with more prevalent deterioration in RV values. Low LV & RV strain values at baseline together with reduction of these values after chemotherapy treatment can predict later CTRCD development. Combining LV GLS with RV GLS & FWLS values at (T1) is the strongest predictor of subsequent CTRCD.
Renal rehabilitation learning in Japanese physical therapy schools: a fact-finding study
Authors: Kutsuna Toshiki , Otobe Yuhei , Matsuzawa Ryota 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The scope and content of pregraduate education in renal rehabilitation, a comprehensive program for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), at training institutions remain unclear. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the state of renal rehabilitation education at physical therapy schools in Japan via a survey.

Methods
Questionnaire forms were distributed to instructors responsible for physical therapy across 277 physical therapy schools in Japan. The questionnaire comprised items that assessed the opinions of the respondents on the necessity of learning renal rehabilitation during their student days and after graduation and the content covered at institutions that offered classes on renal rehabilitation. The participating institutions were divided into Renal Rehab Education and No Renal Rehab Education groups. Fisher’s exact and chi-squared tests were used to compare variables between the groups.

Results
Among the 154 schools that responded to the survey between 14 June 2023 and 31 August 2023 (response rate 55.6%), 123 schools (79.9%) were included in the Renal Rehab Education group. The percentage of classes on rehabilitation for patients with endocrine/metabolic diseases, digestive system diseases, and cancer was higher in the Renal Rehab Education group than that in the No Renal Rehab Education group (P = 0.02, P < 0.001, and P = 0.003, respectively). The distribution of the perceived need to learn renal rehabilitation during student days and after graduation differed significantly between the Renal Rehab Education and No Renal Rehab Education groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). Exercise therapy for patients with CKD (83.7%); definition, diagnosis, severity classification, and testing for CKD (81.3%); general remarks on renal rehabilitation (80.5%); pathophysiology of CKD (78.9%); and renal replacement therapy (69.9%) were the most frequently implemented contents. Prioritization of other fields (45.2%), insufficient class hours (41.9%), and lack of specialized faculty (38.7%) were identified as reasons for not implementing renal rehabilitation courses in the No Renal Rehab Education group; however, 77.4% of schools in this group aimed to commence courses in the future.

Conclusions
Approximately 80% of physiotherapy schools offered renal rehabilitation courses. Awareness campaigns must be conducted to facilitate the widespread implementation of renal rehabilitation.
Combining Homologous Recombination-Deficient Testing and Functional RAD51 Analysis Enhances the Prediction of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Sensitivity
Authors: Korsholm Lea M. , Kjeldsen Maj , Perino Lorenzo , Mariani Luca , Nyvang Gitte-Bettina , Kristensen Elisabeth , Bagger Frederik O. , Mirza Mansoor Raza , Rossing Maria 
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE To meet the urgent need for accessible homologous recombination-deficient (HRD) test options, we validated a laboratory-developed test (LDT) and a functional RAD51 assay to assess patients with ovarian cancer and predict the clinical benefit of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor therapy. METHODS Optimization of the LDT cutoff and validation on the basis of samples from 91 patients enrolled in the ENGOT-ov24/NSGO-AVANOVA1&2 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02354131 ), previously subjected to commercial CDx HRD testing (CDx). RAD51 foci analysis was performed and tumors with ≥five foci/nucleus were classified as RAD51-positive (homologous recombination-proficient). RESULTS The optimal LDT cutoff is 54. Comparing CDx genome instability score and LDT HRD scores show a Spearman's correlation of rho = 0.764 ( P < .0001). Cross-tabulation analysis shows that the sensitivity of the LDT HRD score is 86% and of the LDT HRD status is 91.8% (Fisher's exact test P < .001). Survival analysis on progression-free survival (PFS) of LDT-assessed patients show a Cox regression P < .05. RAD51 assays show a correlation between low RAD51 foci detection (<20% RAD51+ cells) and significantly prolonged PFS ( P < .001). CONCLUSION The robust concordance between the open standard LDT and the CDx, especially the correlation with PFS, warrants future validation and implementation of the open standard LDT for HRD testing in diagnostic settings.
Effect of Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia on Glucose Decline During and After Exercise in the T1DEXI Study
Authors: Kamimoto Jorge L Jo , Li Zoey , Gal Robin L , Castle Jessica R , Doyle Francis J , Jacobs Peter G , Martin Corby K , Beck Roy W , Calhoun Peter , Riddell Michael C , Rickels Michael R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context
Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face the necessity of balancing the benefits of exercise with the potential hazards of hypoglycemia.

Objective
This work aimed to assess whether impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) affects exercise-associated hypoglycemia in adults with T1D.

Methods
We compared continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-measured glucose during exercise and for 24 hours following exercise from 95 adults with T1D and IAH (Clarke score ≥4 or ≥1 severe hypoglycemic event within the past year) to 95 “aware” adults (Clarke score ≤2 and no severe hypoglycemic event within the past year) matched on sex, age, insulin delivery modality, and glycated hemoglobin A1c. A total of 4236 exercise sessions, and 1794 exercise days and 839 sedentary days, defined as 24 hours following exercise or a day without exercise, respectively, were available for analysis.

Results
Participants with IAH exhibited a nonsignificant trend toward greater decline in glucose during exercise compared to “aware” (−21 ± 44 vs −19 ± 43 mg/dL [−1.17 ± 2.44 vs −1.05 ± 2.39 mmol/L], adjusted group difference of −4.2 [95% CI, −8.4 to 0.05] mg/dL [−0.23 95% CI, −.47 to 0.003 mmol/L]; P = .051). Individuals with IAH had a higher proportion of days with hypoglycemic events below 70 mg/dL [3.89 mmol/L] (≥15 minutes &lt;70 mg/dL [&lt;3.89 mmol/L]) both on exercise days (51% vs 43%; P = .006) and sedentary days (48% vs 30%; P = .001). The increased odds of experiencing a hypoglycemic event below 70 mg/dL (&lt;3.89 mmol/L) for individuals with IAH compared to “aware” did not differ significantly between exercise and sedentary days (interaction P = .36).

Conclusion
Individuals with IAH have a higher underlying risk of hypoglycemia than “aware” individuals. Exercise does not appear to differentially increase risk for hypoglycemia during the activity, or in the subsequent 24 hours for IAH compared to aware individuals with T1D.
Dynamics of IGF Signaling During the Ovulatory Peak in Women Undergoing Ovarian Stimulation
Authors: Bøtkjær Jane Alrø , Poulsen Liv la Cour , Noer Pernille Rimmer , Grøndahl Marie Louise , Englund Anne Lis Mikkelsen , Franks Stephen , Hardy Kate , Oxvig Claus , Andersen Claus Yding 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is known to affect human ovarian follicular function during growth and development. However, the role of the IGF system is unknown during the ovulatory peak, which is characterized by profound changes in granulosa cell (GCs) mitosis and function.

Objective
How is the IGF system expressed and regulated during the midcycle surge in women?

Methods
Follicular fluid (FF) and GCs were collected during the ovulatory peak from 2 specific time points. One sample was obtained before oocyte pickup (OPU): before ovulation trigger (OT) (T = 0 hours) or at 12, 17, or 32 hours after OT, and 1 sample was obtained at OPU 36 hours after OT. Fifty women undergoing ovarian stimulation at a university hospital were included. Gene expression profiles were assessed by microarray analysis of GCs. IGF-related proteins in the FF were assessed by immunoassay or by determination of activity with a proteinase assay.

Results
Gene expression of proteins promoting IGF activity (ie, IGF2, PAPP-A, and IRS1) together with proliferation markers were downregulated on a transcriptional level in GCs after OT, whereas proteins inhibiting the IGF signal (ie, IGFBPs, IGF2, and STC1) were upregulated. STC1 gene expression and protein levels were greatly upregulated after OT with a parallel steep downregulation of PAPP-A proteolytic activity.

Conclusion
These data suggest that downregulation of IGF signaling mediated by increased STC1 expression is instrumental for the sudden cessation in GC proliferation and onset of differentiation during the ovulatory peak.
O discurso da inovação no ensino: uma análise semiótica
Authors: SOUSA Silvia Maria de 
Published: February 2024

A busca pela inovação está fortemente presente em diversos setores da sociedade, impondo-se como necessidade do fazer pedagógico, em todos os níveis de ensino, e também da pesquisa científica. Gamificação, sala de aula invertida e uso de plataformas digitais, entre outras, são propagadas como práticas inovadoras. Tais práticas estão previstas em documentos e diretrizes oficiais para o ensino, como a Lei que institui a Política Nacional de Educação Digital (PNED/ 2023) e Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Partindo dessa constatação, o trabalho tem por objetivo discutir e problematizar, com base na semiótica discursiva de linha francesa, o tema da inovação no âmbito da educação, mais especificamente no caso do ensino de Língua Portuguesa. Acredita-se que, por meio do instrumental teórico consolidado da semiótica, pode-se contribuir para o debate crítico sobre a inovação, oferecendo saídas teóricas e metodológicas erigidas da área dos estudos da linguagem.
Patient attitudes towards day-case hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Halken Caroline H. , Bredgaard Jensen Christian , Henkel Cecilie , Gromov Kirill , Troelsen Anders 
Published: March 2024

AimsThis study aimed to investigate patients’ attitudes towards day-case hip and knee arthroplasty and to describe patient characteristics associated with different attitudes, with the purpose of providing an insight into the information requirements for patients that surgeons should address when informing patients about day-case surgery.MethodsA total of 5,322 patients scheduled for hip or knee arthroplasty between 2016 and 2022 were included in the study. Preoperatively, patients were asked if they were interested in day-case surgery (‘Yes’, ‘Do not know’, ‘No’). Patient demographics including age, BMI, sex, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) such as the EuroQol five-dimension three-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) were examined within each attitude group. Additionally, changes in attitude were assessed among patients who had completed the questionnaire in association with prior hip or knee arthroplasty.ResultsOf the surveyed patients, 41.8% were interested in day-case surgery (n = 2,222), 20.8% responded ‘Do not know’ (n = 1,105), and 37.5% were not interested (n = 1,995). Patients who were not interested had a higher mean age (‘No’, 70.2 years (SD 10.0) vs ‘Yes’, 65.2 years (SD 10.7)), with a majority being female (‘No’, 71.9% female (n = 1,434) vs ‘Yes’, 48.6% female (n = 1,081)). Approximately 20% of patients responded ‘Do not know’ regardless of age, sex, and PROMs. Patients reporting anxiety/depression based on EQ-5D-3L more frequently answered ‘No’ (56.9%; 66/116) compared to those not experiencing anxiety/depression (34.9%; 1,356/3,890). Among patients who responded ‘Do not know’ before their first surgery, over 70% changed their attitude to either ‘Yes’ (29.9%; 38/127) or ‘No’ (40.9%; 52/127) at their subsequent surgery.ConclusionFrom 2016 to 2022, 58.3% of hip and knee arthroplasty patients expressed uncertainty or no interest in day-case surgery. In connection with current initiatives to increase the number of day-case arthroplasty procedures, there should be a focus on informing patients to address the prevalent negative or uncertain attitude. Further research is needed to investigate what preoperative information patients consider crucial in their decision-making process regarding day-case surgery.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3 Supple A):3–9.