bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ingestible Artificial Urinary Biomarker Probes for Urine Test of Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Xu Cheng , Xu Mengke , Hu Yuxuan , Liu Jing , Cheng Penghui , Zeng Ziling , Pu Kanyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough colorectal cancer diagnosed at an early stage shows high curability, methods simultaneously possessing point‐of‐care testing ability and high sensitivity are limited. Here, an orally deliverable biomarker‐activatable probe (termed as HATS) for early detection of orthotopic tumors via remote urinalysis is presented. To enable its oral delivery to the colon, HATS is designed to have remarkable resistance to acidity and digestive enzymes in the stomach and small intestine and negligible intestinal absorption. Upon reaction with a cancer biomarker in the colon segment, HATS releases a small fragment of tetrazine that can transverse the intestinal barrier, enter blood circulation, and ultimately undergo renal clearance to urine. Subsequently, the urinary tetrazine fragment is detected by bioorthogonal reaction with trans‐cyclooctene‐caged resorufin (TCO‐Reso) to afford a rapid and specific fluorescence enhancement of TCO‐Reso. Such signal readout is correlated with the urinary tetrazine concentration and thus measures the level of cancer biomarkers in the colon. HATS‐based optical urinalysis detects orthotopic colon tumors two weeks earlier than clinical serological tests and can be developed to a point‐of‐care paper test. Thereby, HATS‐based urinalysis provides a non‐invasive and sensitive approach to cancer screening at low‐resource settings.
Exosome‐Inhibiting Polymeric Sonosensitizer for Tumor‐Specific Sonodynamic Immunotherapy
Authors: Wu Jiayan , Huang Jingsheng , Yu Jie , Xu Mengke , Liu Jing , Pu Kanyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCombination cancer immunotherapy based on electromagnetic energy and immunotherapy shows potent anti‐cancer efficacy. However, as a factor that mediates tumor metastasis and immune suppression, the impact of tumor exosomes on therapy under electromagnetic energy stimulation remains unclear. Herein, findings indicate that sonodynamic therapy (SDT) increases serum exosome levels by inducing apoptotic exosomes and loosening the tumor extracellular matrix, promoting lung metastasis. To address this problem, an exosome‐inhibiting polymeric sonosensitizer (EIPS) selectively inhibiting tumor exosome generation in response to the tumor biomarker is synthesized. EIPS consists of a semiconducting polymer backbone capable of inducing SDT and a poly(ethylene glycol) layer conjugated with a tumor‐specific enzyme‐responsive exosome inhibitor prodrug. After being cleaved by tumor Cathepsin B, EIPS releases active exosome inhibitors, preventing tumor exosome‐mediated immune suppression and lung metastasis. As a result, EIPS elicits robust antitumor effects through the synergistic effect of SDT and tumor exosome inhibition, completely preventing lung metastasis and establishing a long‐term immune memory effect. This is the first example showing that combining SDT with tumor‐specific exosome inhibition can elicit a potent immune response without the help of typical immune agonists.
On‐Chip Integrated Metasurface Empowered Multi‐Channel Multiplexed Three‐Dimensional Hologram
Authors: Zhao Kaiyue , Ha Yingli , Guo Yinghui , Pu Mingbo , Fan Yulong , Li Xiong , Zou Fang , Wang Lijun , She Senwei , Luo Xiangang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOn‐chip metasurfaces integrated atop optical waveguides have demonstrated the capability of efficiently radiating guided‐waves into arbitrarily prescribed spatial modes by properly tailoring the phase distribution in the metasurface interface. To date, most on‐chip holographic metasurfaces, typically relying on path multiplexing or wavelength multiplexing to multiply the produced images, encounter certain limitations in further enhancing the image storage capacity due to the limited degrees of freedom available for on‐chip devices. This work introduces an on‐chip metasurface composed of polarization‐sensitive cross meta‐atoms allowing independent control of the propagation phase of diffracted waves from waveguided TE and TM modes. Meanwhile, incorporating the guided‐wave generated in‐plane detour phases into the metasurface yields another two degrees of freedom. Thus, four independent holographic images can be readily switched by simply selecting the excitation modes and waveguide ports. As a proof‐of‐concept, a dual‐port four‐channel multiplexed metasurface, whose optical functionalities are validated by performing full‐wave simulations, is successfully realized. Moreover, the application to the creation of 3D holograms is also extended. Thus, the presented method provides a new approach for multifunctional multiplexing of on‐chip metasurfaces, which could hold great potential for applications in next‐generation wearable AR devices, 3D vision, multifunctional micro‐photonic integrated circuits, etc.
Intrinsically Multistable Soft Actuator Driven by Mixed‐Mode Snap‐Through Instabilities
Authors: Luo Yichi , Patel Dinesh K. , Li Zefang , Hu Yafeng , Luo Hao , Yao Lining , Majidi Carmel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractActuators utilizing snap‐through instabilities are widely investigated for high‐performance fast actuators and shape reconfigurable structures owing to their rapid response and limited reliance on continuous energy input. However, prevailing approaches typically involve a combination of multiple bistable actuator units and achieving multistability within a single actuator unit still remains an open challenge. Here, a soft actuator is presented that uses shape memory alloy (SMA) and mixed‐mode elastic instabilities to achieve intrinsically multistable shape reconfiguration. The multistable actuator unit consists of six stable states, including two pure bending states and four bend‐twist states. The actuator is composed of a pre‐stretched elastic membrane placed between two elastomeric frames embedded with SMA coils. By controlling the sequence and duration of SMA activation, the actuator is capable of rapid transition between all six stable states within hundreds of milliseconds. Principles of energy minimization are used to identify actuation sequences for various types of stable state transitions. Bending and twisting angles corresponding to various prestretch ratios are recorded based on parameterizations of the actuator's geometry. To demonstrate its application in practical conditions, the multistable actuator is used to perform visual inspection in a confined space, light source tracking during photovoltaic energy harvesting, and agile crawling.
Enzyme‐Empowered “Two Birds with One Stone” Strategy for Amplifying Tumor Apoptosis and Metabolic Clearance
Authors: Li Hanyue , Li Yihui , Su Lina , Zheng Ke , Zhang Yue , Li Jing , Lv Feng , Huang Mengjie , Chen Ting , Zhang Hanjie , Shi Zhaoqing , Zhu Dunwan , Dong Xia , Zeng Weiwei , Mei Lin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanomedicine has reshaped the landscape of cancer treatment. However, its efficacy is still hampered by innate tumor defense systems that rely on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for fuel, including damage repair, apoptosis resistance, and immune evasion. Inspired by the naturally enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidase (GOx) with glucose, here a novel “two birds with one stone” technique for amplifying enzyme‐mediated tumor apoptosis and enzyme‐promoted metabolic clearance is proposed and achieved using GOx‐functionalized rhenium nanoclusters‐doped polypyrrole (Re@ReP‐G). Re@ReP‐G reduces ATP production while increasing H2O2 concentrations in the tumor microenvironment through GOx‐induced enzymatic oxidation, which in turn results in the downregulation of defense (HSP70 and HSP90) and anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 proteins, the upregulation of pro‐apoptotic Bax, and the release of cytochrome c. These processes are further facilitated by laser‐induced hyperthermia effect, ultimately leading to severe tumor apoptosis. As an enzymatic byproduct, H2O2 catalyzes the conversion of rhenium nanoclusters in Re@ReP‐G nanostructures into rhenate from the outside in, which accelerates their metabolic clearance in vivo. This Re@ReP‐G‐based “two birds with one stone” therapeutic strategy provides an effective tool for amplifying tumor apoptosis and safe metabolic mechanisms.
Diffusion‐Controlled Morphology Modification via Employing Host/Guest Acceptors to Improve the Stability of Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Gao Huanhuan , Sun Min , Lin Chieh‐Ting , Li Hongxiang , Lin Francis R. , Fan Baobing , Li Zhe , Zapien Juan Antonio , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTypical bulk‐heterojunction organic photovoltaics (OPV) suffer from instability due to the slowly diffusing small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) under operational conditions. The originally well‐phase‐separated morphology will undergo SMA self‐aggregation to form over‐purified domains that will deteriorate the OPV performance. This issue can be partially alleviated in sequentially processed OPV cells with a planar‐mixed heterojunction absorber, which is intrinsically more robust due to larger domain sizes and a lower degree of mixing. To further enhance the morphological stability, a strategy is developed to inhibit the disordered molecular diffusion that leads to the loss of crystallinity of SMA domains. Two SMAs, C9‐4F and Y6‐OBO, are incorporated as guest acceptors to form an alloy‐like acceptor with the host acceptor BTP‐eC9. These alloy‐like acceptors improved the crystallinity of the acceptor phase by promoting more ordered molecular packing, effectively restraining the diffusion‐caused loss of SMA crystallinity upon illumination. This approach helps maintain favorable gradients and ultimately ensures OPV morphological stability. Consequently, the derived devices exhibited considerably enhanced stability, with the T80 lifetime of C9‐4F‐based devices reaching ≈790 h and a remarkable ≈1010 h for Y6‐OBO‐based devices, significantly surpassing the ≈450 h observed from binary devices.
Rural tourism promotion policy and rural hospitality enterprises performance: Empirical evidence from Japan
Authors: Chung Yessica C. Y. , Kusadokoro Motoi , Chang Hung‐Hao , Kitamura Yukinobu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIncreased tourism demand provides an opportunity to boost rural development. This paper examines the impact of rural tourism policy reform on hospitality and restaurant enterprises in rural areas in Japan. In early 2016, the Japanese government introduced a policy to encourage the participation of nonfarm enterprises in the rural hospitality industry. Using a nationally representative dataset of rural hospitality enterprises in Japan, we employ the difference‐in‐differences method to assess the causal effects of the policy on the sales value, number of business days, and labor productivity of hospitality enterprises and restaurants in rural areas. We find that this reform resulted in a 15.6% increase and a 5.1% decrease in the sales value of nonfarm‐owned and farm‐owned homestay enterprises, respectively. Moreover, changes in the number of business days and labor productivity can be associated with the policy effect. We also find a significant policy effect on nonfarm‐owned restaurants. [EconLit Citations: Q12, Q13].
Mechanical and morphometric approaches to body mass estimation in rhesus macaques: A test of skeletal variables
Authors: Turcotte Cassandra M. , Choi Audrey M. , Spear Jeffrey K. , Hernandez‐Janer Eva M , Dickinson Edwin , Taboada Hannah G. , Stock Michala K. , Villamil Catalina I. , Bauman Samuel E. ,   Cayo Biobank Research Unit, Martinez Melween I. , Brent Lauren J. N. , Snyder‐Mackler Noah , Montague Michael J. , Platt Michael L. , Williams Scott A. , Antón Susan C. , Higham James P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesEstimation of body mass from skeletal metrics can reveal important insights into the paleobiology of archeological or fossil remains. The standard approach constructs predictive equations from postcrania, but studies have questioned the reliability of traditional measures. Here, we examine several skeletal features to assess their accuracy in predicting body mass.Materials and MethodsAntemortem mass measurements were compared with common skeletal dimensions from the same animals postmortem, using 115 rhesus macaques (male: n = 43; female: n = 72). Individuals were divided into training (n = 58) and test samples (n = 57) to build and assess Ordinary Least Squares or multivariate regressions by residual sum of squares (RSS) and AIC weights. A leave‐one‐out approach was implemented to formulate the best fit multivariate models, which were compared against a univariate and a previously published catarrhine body‐mass estimation model.ResultsFemur circumference represented the best univariate model. The best model overall was composed of four variables (femur, tibia and fibula circumference and humerus length). By RSS and AICw, models built from rhesus macaque data (RSS = 26.91, AIC = −20.66) better predicted body mass than did the catarrhine model (RSS = 65.47, AIC = 20.24).ConclusionBody mass in rhesus macaques is best predicted by a 4‐variable equation composed of humerus length and hind limb midshaft circumferences. Comparison of models built from the macaque versus the catarrhine data highlight the importance of taxonomic specificity in predicting body mass. This paper provides a valuable dataset of combined somatic and skeletal data in a primate, which can be used to build body mass equations for fragmentary fossil evidence.
Stereo‐Structural Fine Tuning of Chromaticity
Authors: Pauls Alana M. , Jamadgni Dhanush U. , George Gary , Gitua John N. , Thuo Martin M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLanthanoid carboxylates were synthesized and in situ self‐assembled to illustrate temperature‐driven evolution in chromaticity. Evolution in structure (crystallinity), composition, luminosity, and chromaticity were investigated revealing the coupled role of divergence in order/structure (spatial organization), and composition in tuning observed color. Loss of crystallinity or increase in residual carbon leads to decrease in luminosity even with increase in hue. Comparing Ho and Er congeners shows that the density of accessible transition states relates to shifts in low and high wavelength components of color. This work demonstrates that, just as interface dipoles can lead to change in semiconductor band gap, structure and composition can analogously alter observed color.
Pd(II) and Pt(II) saccharinate complexes with two phosphine derivatives: Synthesis, anticancer and antiangiogenic activities
Authors: Icsel Ceyda , Yilmaz Veysel T. , Aygun Muhittin , Erkisa Merve , Ulukaya Engin , Akar R. Okan 
Published: March 2024

As clinically used anticancer Pt(II) drugs have severe side effects, there is a growing interest for new metal complexes with great potential for cancer therapy. The current work aimed to prepare and characterize new Pd(II) and Pt(II) saccharinate (sac) complexes bearing pyridyl‐ and benzyldiphenylphosphines (PPh2Py and PPh2Bz, respectively), cis‐[Pd(sac)2(PPh2Py)2] (1), cis‐[PtCl(sac)(PPh2Py)2]·0.5DMF (2), cis‐[Pd(sac)2(PPh2Bz)2]·DMF (3) and trans‐[PtCl(sac)(PPh2Bz)2] (4) as promising anticancer and antiangiogenic drugs. The anticancer activity of the complexes was screened against seven cancer cell lines including HCT116 (colon), HepG2 (liver), MDA‐MB‐231 (breast), PANC‐1 (pancreatic), A549 (lung), C6 (glioma), DU145 (prostate) and normal human lung epithelial cells (BEAS‐2B). 1 and 2 did not show biological activity below 20 μM at 48 h, whereas 3 and 4 displayed significant cytotoxic effect on the cancer cells. 4 was the most potent complex (IC50 = 2.2–12.1 μM) and displayed much greater cytotoxicity than cisplatin in all the cancer cell lines. 4 caused apoptosis in HCT116 cells as evidenced by annexin V positivity and caspase 3/7 activity assays. Furthermore, the inhibition of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 proteins by the complex suggested the intrinsic apoptosis. In addition, 4 greatly enhanced generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently caused remarkable DNA double‐strand breaks in HCT116 cells. Moreover, the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was used to evaluate antiangiogenic potential of 4. The complex effectively inhibited angiogenesis at a dose of 50 ng, suggesting it as a promising multi‐targeted agent for antiangiogenic cancer treatment.
The expansion of the Atlantic–Mediterranean ghost crab Ocypode cursor (Linnaeus, 1758): Distribution, environmental niches and future perspectives
Authors: Marchessaux Guillaume , Gjoni Vojsava , Tantillo Mario Francesco , Bejean Théo , Sarà Gianluca 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe tufted ghost crab Ocypode cursor (Linnaeus, 1758) found in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean is currently a great example that elucidates concerns within scientific and conservation communities. This species, native to the subtropical Atlantic Ocean and the warmest southeastern Mediterranean Sea (Egypt), has been extending its distribution in both regions since the 1980s, likely due to the warming sea temperatures. These small nocturn crabs are typically found inhabiting sandy beaches and dune environments. This species is an opportunistic predator eating terrestrial and marine prey, especially on sea turtle eggs. Despite its status as a threatened species by two European conventions, there is a lack of knowledge of its ecology and biology. Sometimes considered as an indicator of good ecological status of beaches where it lives, this ghost crab could nevertheless benefit from climate change to extend its distribution range. This review aims to create a baseline on the current knowledge and gaps in the published scientific literature on the ghost crab. Additionally, through an analysis of the existing literature, we also offer insights into the potential risk of beach erosion associated with the expansion of this species.
Au nanoparticle‐catalyzed electron transfer from ammonia‐borane to Ru(NH3)63+ for sensitive biosensing
Authors: Park Seonhwa , Bhatia Aman , Nandhakumar Ponnusamy , Kim Jihyeon , Yang Haesik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetal nanoparticle (NP)‐catalyzed electron transfer (ET) from a reducing agent to a metal complex is useful for signal amplification in biosensors. For efficient ET, the metal complex must undergo rapid outer‐sphere reactions, be highly water‐soluble, and effectively penetrate bio/organic layers on metal NPs. Our study identifies Ru(NH3)63+ as well‐suited for this purpose. Among reducing agents, ammonia‐borane (AB) enables rapid metal NP‐catalyzed ET, with Au, Pt, and Pd NPs displaying similar catalytic activities. The pseudo second‐order rate constant for 20‐nm Au NP‐catalyzed ET from AB to Ru(NH3)63+ (1.4 × 108 M−1 s−1) approaches the diffusion‐controlled rate constant. Despite immunoglobulin G and bovine serum albumin passively adsorbed on Au NPs, catalytic activity remains largely unaffected. Applying Au NP‐catalyzed ET to prostate‐specific antigen detection in human serum achieves a low detection limit of 10 pg/mL. These findings highlight the potential of Ru(NH3)63+ and AB in designing biosensors based on rapid catalytic reaction.
Dulaglutide treatment reverses depression‐like behavior and hippocampal metabolomic homeostasis in mice exposed to chronic mild stress
Authors: Jin Man , Zhang Shipan , Huang Boya , Li Litao , Liang Hao , Ni Aihua , Han Lina , Liang Peng , Liu Jing , Shi Haishui , Lv Peiyuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionTreatment strategies for depression based on interventions for glucose and lipid metabolism disorders are receiving increasing attention. Investigating the mechanism of their antidepressant effect and exploring new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers have attracted increasing attention. Dulaglutide, a long‐acting GLP‐1 receptor agonist, has been reported to alleviate cognitive deficits and neuronal damage. However, the antidepressant effect of dulaglutide and, especially, the underlying mechanism are still poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the underlying biomarkers of depression and potential modulatory targets of dulaglutide in chronic mild stress (CMS) mice.MethodsSixty mice were randomly divided into a control group (CON group), a CMS+Vehicle group (CMS+Veh group), a CMS+0.3 mg/kg dulaglutide group (Low Dula group), and a CMS+0.6 mg/kg dulaglutide group (High Dula group). Numerous behavioral tests, mainly the open field test, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test, were applied to evaluate the potential effect of dulaglutide treatment on anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors in mice exposed to chronic stress. Furthermore, a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics approach was utilized to investigate the associated mechanisms of dulaglutide treatment.ResultsThree weeks of dulaglutide treatment significantly reversed depressive‐like but not anxiety‐like behaviors in mice exposed to chronic stress for 4 weeks. The results from the metabolomics analysis showed that a total of 20 differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the CON and CMS+Veh groups, and 46 metabolites were selected between the CMS+Veh and High Dula groups in the hippocampus of the mice. Comprehensive analysis indicated that lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism were disrupted in model mice that experienced depression and underwent dulaglutide therapy.ConclusionThe antidepressant effects of dulaglutide in a CMS depression model were confirmed. We identified 64 different metabolites and four major pathways associated with metabolic pathophysiological processes. These primary data provide a new perspective for understanding the antidepressant‐like effects of dulaglutide and may facilitate the use of dulaglutide as a potential therapeutic strategy for depression.
Tailoring ammonia capture in MOFs and COFs: A multi‐scale and machine learning comprehensive investigation of functional group modification
Authors: Stavroglou Georgios K. , Tylianakis Emmanuel , Froudakis George E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOur study aims to examine the impact of ligand functionalization on the ammonia adsorption properties of MOFs and COFs, by combining multi‐scale calculations with machine learning techniques. Density Functional Theory calculations were performed to investigate the interactions between ammonia (NH3) and a comprehensive set of 48 strategically chosen functional groups. In all of the cases, it is observed that functionalized rings exhibit a stronger interaction with ammonia molecule compared to unfunctionalized benzene, while −O2Mg demonstrates the highest interaction energy with ammonia (15 times stronger than the bare benzene). The trend obtained from the thorough DFT screening is verified via Grand Canonical Monte‐Carlo calculations by employing interatomic potentials derived from quantum chemical calculations. Isosteric heat of adsorption plots provide a comprehensive elucidation of the adsorption process, and important insights can be taken for studies in fine‐tuning materials for ammonia adsorption. Furthermore, a proof of concept machine learning (ML) analysis is conducted, which demonstrates that ML can accurately predict NH3 binding energies despite the limited amount of data. The findings derived from our multi‐scale methodology indicate that the functionalization strategy can be utilized to guide synthesis towards MOFs, COFs, or other porous materials for enhanced NH3 adsorption capacity.