bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epipactis kleinii, a new name to replace the illegitimate E. parviflora (A. & C. Niesch.) E. Klein, non (Blume) A.A. Eaton (Orchidaceae, Neottieae)
Authors: Crespo Manuel B. , Lowe Michael R. , Piera Joan 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCrespo, M. B., Lowe, M. R. & Piera, J.: Epipactis kleinii, a new name to replace the illegitimate E. parviflora (A. & C. Niesch.) E. Klein, non (Blume) A.A. Eaton (Orchidaceae, Neottieae). ‐ Taxon 50: 853–855. 2001. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The name Epipactis kleinii, nom nov., is proposed as an avowed substitute for E. parviflora (A. & C. Niesch.) E. Klein, an illegitimate later homonym of E. parviflora (Blume) A.A. Eaton (≡ Neottia parviflora Blume, non Sm.), itself an illegitimate name which is presently treated as synonym of Goodyera procera (Ker Gawl.) Hook. A brief history is presented of the names concerned, to justify the new proposal.
Nomenclatural notes on Ancistrocactus (Cactaceae)
Authors: Doweld Alexander , Greuter Werner 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDoweld, A. & Greuter, W.: Nomenclatural notes on Ancistrocactus (Cactaceae). ‐ Taxon 50: 875–877. 2001. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Ancistrocactus, a name first published by Britton and Rose in 1923, is best treated as based on Schumann's Echinocactus subg. Ancistrocactus, not as the name of a new genus. Consequently, Britton and Rose's original type designation cannot stand, nor can the next subsequent published choice by Taylor in 1979, as neither is of an element included in Schumann's protologue. Echinocactus scheeri Salm‐Dyck is here proposed to provide the type of both the subgeneric and generic name. This choice conforms to the provisions of the ICBN and does not impinge on the application of the name Ancistrocactus, which, under the narrow generic concept currently again accepted by some, remains correct for Britton & Rose's genus.
Interpretation of plant names in a Late Medieval medicai treatise
Authors: Cristofolini Giovanni , Mossetti Umberto 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCristofolini, G. & Mossetti, U.: Interpretation of plant names in a Late Medieval medical treatise. – Taxon 47: 305‐319. 1998. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The medical treatise written by Guilielmus of Saliceto around 1290 includes 13 chapters on renal affections, in which 133 plant species are mentioned. Almost all have been identified by means of comparison with 15th century herbals and 16th century herbaria and books. 39 % are native to Italy and were presumably collected in the wild, 42% are cultivated plants, either native to the Mediterranean region or introduced since Roman times, 4 % were introduced to Italy from E. Europe or the Middle East in the late Middle Ages, and 15% were imported from the east in the form of spices or drugs. Most of the plants mentioned by Guilielmus correspond entirely (56%) or in part (8%) with modern genera or species accepted with similar names or epithets in Linnaean nomenclature. 19% of Guilielmus' designations denote modern species or genera but did not enter Linnean nomenclature. Only some 17% of the Medieval names are of uncertain application or designated heterogeneous taxa; their use, if it persists, has substantially changed since the 16th century.
Notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of Teline pallida (Poir.) G. Kunkel
Authors: del Arco Aguilar Marcelino 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDel Arco Aguilar, M: Notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of Teline pallida (Poir.) G. Kunkel. – Taxon 49: 17‐25. 2000. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The Teline pallida complex is studied from a nomenclatural and taxonomic viewpoint, and some comments about chorological and ecological aspects are included. Teline pallida subsp. silensis subsp. nov. is described. A synoptic table of the differences between it and its nearest relatives, identification key, illustrations, and distribution map are shown.
The Sibthorpian Herbarium at Oxford – guidelines for its use
Authors: Lack H. Walter 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLack, H. W.: The Sibthorpian Herbarium at Oxford – guidelines for its use. – Taxon 46: 253‐263. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The Sibthorpian Herbarium is a historical collection kept in the Fielding‐Druce Herbarium, Oxford, comprising vascular and non‐vascular plants formerly owned by J. Sibthorp. This paper deals with the C. 2700 specimens of vascular plants, most of which originate from modern Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Italy, Bulgaria, and Rumania, having been collected by J. Sibthorp, J. Hawkins, their assistants and an anonymous apothecary in 1786‐1798. Annotated in a fragmentary way, the Sibthorpian Herbarium comprises several hundred specimens that typify names validated in J. E. Smith's Prodromus florae graecae. Recommendations for the interpretation of the entries into this work and guidelines for the use of the Sibthorpian Herbarium are presented.
Comments on Art. 14, footnote 2: first place of publication for seed plant family names
Authors: Reveal James L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryReveal. J. L.: Comments on Art. 14, footnote 2: first place of publication for seed plant family names. – Taxon 47: 851‐856. 1998. – ISSN 0400‐0262.A list of 191 family names of Spermatophyta is presented, whose date of valid publication is earlier than the date given in App. IIB of the Code, and authorship usually different. Many of the names were published prior to the arbitrarily accepted but never legally sanctioned starting date for family names in Spermatophyta, 4 Aug 1789. The Code, “for the time being”, authorises maintenance of authorship and date for conserved names listed in App. IIB. The present list foreshadows changes that would ensue were this provisional derogation to be abolished, but a continued search of the literature will likely reveal even earlier names.
Quantitative assessment of corolla shape variation in Solanum sect. Petota by computer image analysis
Authors: van der Heijden Gerie W. A. M. , van den Berg Ronald G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHeijden, G. W. A. M. van der & Berg, R. G. van den: Quantitative assessment of corolla shape variation in Solanum sect. Petota by computer image analysis. – Taxon 46: 49‐64. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Computer image analysis was used to quantify the corolla shapes of Solanum species. Three approaches were applied, using global features, a selected number of points along the contour, and complete contour descriptions, the latter in three different variants. All permit quantification of corolla shape and are in fact generally applicable in taxonomy for studying two‐dimensional shapes. All image analysis methods gave comparable variation patterns: the observed variation of corolla shapes is continuous, which does not support the subdivision of S. subsect. Potatoe into two superseries on the base of corolla shape alone. The studied accession of S. tarijense (S. superser. Stellata) could not be distinguished on corolla shape from that of S. berthaultii (S. superser. Rotata).
Podostemum ricciiforme (Podostemaceae) rediscovered and redescribed
Authors: Retana Alejandro Novelo , Philbrick C. Thomas 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNovelo Retana, A. & Philbrick, C. T.: Podostemum ricciiforme (Podostemaceae) rediscovered and redescribed. – Taxon 46: 451‐455. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Marathrum ricciiforme was originally described by Liebmann in 1847, based on scanty, sterile material collected in 1841 in Puebla, Mexico, where it is now extinct. On the basis of vegetative features, the species was later transferred to Podostemum (where it indeed belongs), with a second (misidentified) sterile specimen from Costa Rica added. Fertile material was first collected in 1988, and subsequently in several other Mexican localities. The species is here fully described, illustrated, and mapped, and an epitype is designated for its name.
In defence of using adhesives and low‐temperature pest control for botanical specimens
Authors: Shchepanek Michael J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryShchepanek, M. J.: In defence of using adhesives and low‐temperature pest control for botanical specimens. – Taxon 50: 169–173. 2001. – ISSN 0040‐0262.I.M. Egenberg & D. Moe have suggested that herbarium specimens mounted with adhesive combined with the low temperature technique for pest eradication causes serious damage to specimens. Experiments carried out at the National Herbarium of Canada contradict these results and show that the techniques are safe when used properly.
Nomenclatural status of Carphobolus (Compositae: Vernonieae)
Authors: Strother John L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryStrother, J. L.: Nomenclatural status of Carphobolus (Compositae: Vernonieae). – Taxon 50: 191–192. 2001. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The generic name Carphobolus dates from 1863 and is lectotypified by C. lucidus.
A note on Trachylejeunea chinensis (Hepaticae, Lejeuneaceae)
Authors: Rui‐Liang Zhu , Ling So May 
Published: April 2006

SummaryZhu, R.‐L. & So, M. L.: A note on Trachylejeunea chinensis (Hepaticae, Lejeuneaceae). – Taxon 48: 489‐492. 1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The name Trachylejeunea chinensis Herzog is lectotypified, and the species transferred to the genus Lejeunea based on the following diagnostic features: a lejeuneoid gynoecial innovation, lack of ocelli in the leaf lobe, non‐papillose leaf cells, and an obovate, smooth perianth. The genus Trachylejeunea is excluded from China and Asia by this transfer.
Aethiocarpa reduced to Harmsia (Malvaceae, Dombeyoideae)
Authors: Jenny Matthias , Bayer Clemens , Dorr Laurence J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryJenny, M., Bayer, C. & Dorr, L. J.: Aethiocarpa reduced to Harmsia (Malvaceae, Dombeyoideae). – Taxon 48: 3‐6. 1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The unispecific genus Aethiocarpa was distinguished from Harmsia principally on the basis of ovary and fruit structure: one‐seeded, unilocular ovaries and indehiscent fruit versus two‐seeded, bilocular ovaries and tardily dehiscent fruit, respectively. A critical re‐examination of ovary characters, however, reveals that both genera share biovulate unilocular ovaries, which are unique within subfamily Dombeyoideae (Malvaceae). Differences in indumentum, inflorescence morphology, and number of seed per fruit, which were cited as ancillary characters distinguishing Aethiocarpa from Harmsia, do not appear to justify the recognition of two different genera. Aethiocarpa is therefore considered to be a synonym of Harmsia and the new combination H. lepidota is proposed.
Corsinopteris, a new substitute name for Orthotheca (Marattiales‐Marattiopsida)
Authors: McNeill John , Doweld Alexander B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDoweld, A. B.: Corsinopteris, a new substitute name for Orthotheca (Marattiales–Marattiopsida). – Taxon 50: 1097–1099. 2001. ‐ ISSN 0040–0262.The later homonym Orthotheca P. Corsin, 1951 [fossil foliage] (non S. E. Bridel, 1827 [Musci] nee Pichon, 1946 [Bignoniaceae]) is replaced by a new generic name Corsinopteris. All four species described under Orthotheca P. Corsin. are transferred to the new genus.
Bang-bang controls of point processes
Authors: Brémaud P. 
Published: April 2006

In this paper, we consider the problem of controlling the intensity of a point process in order to maximize the probability that the number of points in a fixed interval equals a given integer, under the constraint that the intensity belong to some closed interval of R+.The problem is stated as a problem of optimization on the set of probabilities over the basic measurable space of point processes, and shown to be equivalent to a problem of deterministic control. Structural results concerning the set of optimal solutions are given. The existence of the latter is proven; the control is shown to be bang-bang and a complete solution can be obtained by application of Pontryagin's Maximum Principle.
Limit theorems for stochastic growth models. II
Authors: Kesten Harry 
Published: April 2006

We consider d-dimensional stochastic processes which take values in (R+)d These processes generalize Galton-Watson branching processes, but the main assumption of branching processes, independence between particles, is dropped. Instead, we assume for some Here τ:(R+)d→R +, |x| = σ1d |x(i)|, A {x ∈(R+)d: |x| 1} and T: A→A. Under various assumptions on the maps τ and T it is shown that with probability one there exists a ρ > 1, a fixed point p ∈ A of T and a random variable w such that limn→∞Zn|ρnwp. This result is a generalization of the main limit theorem for supercritical branching processes; note, however, that in the present situation both ρ and ρ are random as well. The results are applied to a population genetical model for zygotic selection without mutation at one locus.
Random wear models in reliability theory
Authors: Reynolds David S. , Savage I. Richard 
Published: April 2006

Gaver (1963) and Antelman and Savage (1965) have proposed models for the distribution of the time to failure of a simple device exposed to a randomly varying environment. Each model represents cumulative wear as a specified function of a non-negative stochastic process with independent increments, and assumes that the reliability of the device is conditioned upon realizations of this process. From these models are derived the corresponding unconditional joint distributions for the random failure time vector of n independent, identical devices exposed to the same realization of the wear process. It is shown that the identical failure time distribution for one component can arise from each model. In the Gaver model simultaneous failure times occur with positive probability. The probabilities of specific tie configurations are developed.For an interesting class of Gaver models involving a time scale parameter, the maximum likelihood estimates from several devices in one environment are examined. In that case the tie configuration probability does not depend on the parameter. For the corresponding Antelman-Savage models a consistent sequence of estimators is obtained; the maximum likelihood theory did not appear tractable.
Why the Shannon and Hartley entropies are ‘natural’
Authors: Aczél J. , Forte B. , Ng C. T. 
Published: April 2006

The following properties of entropies, as measures of expected information, seem natural. The amount of information expected from an experiment does not change if we add outcomes of zero probability (expansibility). The expected information is symmetric in the (probabilities of the) outcomes. The information expected from a combination of two experiments is less than or equal to the sum of the informations expected from the single experiments (subadditivity); equality holds here if the two experiments are independent (additivity).In this paper it is shown that linear combinations of the Shannon and Hartley entropies and only these have the above properties. The Shannon and the Hartley entropies are also individually characterized.
Diffusion approximations of Markov chains with two time scales and applications to population genetics
Authors: Ethier S. N. , Nagylaki Thomas 
Published: April 2006

ForN= 1, 2, ···, let {(XN(k),YN(k)),k= 0, 1, ···} be a homogeneous Markov chain in ℝmx ℝn. Suppose that, asymptotically asN→ ∞, the ‘infinitesimal’ covariances and means ofXN([·/∊N]) areaij(x, y) andbi(x, y), and those ofYN([·/δN]) are 0 andcl(x, y). Assume limN→∞δN= limN→∞∊N/δN= 0 and the zero solution ofý=c(x, y) is globally asymptotically stable. Then, under some technical conditions, it is shown that (i)XN([·/∊N]) converges weakly to a diffusion process with coefficientsaij(x, 0) andbi(x, 0), and (ii)YN([t/∊N]) → 0 in probability for everyt> 0. (The case limN→∞δN= δ∞> 0 = limN→∞∊Nis also treated.) The proof is based on the discrete-parameter analogue of a generalization of Kurtz's limit theorems for perturbed operator semigroups.The results are applied to three classes of stochastic models for random genetic drift at a multiallelic locus in a finite diploid population. The three classes involve multinomial sampling, overlapping generations, and general progeny distributions. Within each class, the monoecious, dioecious autosomal, and X-linked cases are analyzed. It is found that results for a monoecious population obtained from a diffusion approximation can be applied at once to the dioecious cases by using the appropriate effective population size and averaging allelic frequencies, selection intensities, and mutation rates, weighting each sex by the number of genes carried by an individual at the locus under consideration.
Operator-geometric stationary distributions for markov chains, with application to queueing models
Authors: Tweedie R. L. 
Published: April 2006

This paper considers a class of Markov chains on a bivariate state space , whose transition probabilities have a particular ‘block-partitioned' structure. Examples of such chains include those studied by Neuts [8] who took E to be finite; they also include chains studied in queueing theory, such as (Nn, Sn) where Nn is the number of customers in a GI/G/1 queue immediately before, and Sn the remaining service time immediately after, the nth arrival.We show that the stationary distribution Πfor these chains has an ‘operator-geometric' nature, with , where the operator S is the minimal solution of a non-linear operator equation. Necessary and sufficient conditions for Πto exist are also found. In the case of the GI/G/1 queueing chain above these are exactly the usual stability conditions.G1/G/1 QUEUE; PHASE-TYPE; INVARIANT MEASURE; FOSTER'S CONDITIONS
On Poisson traffic processes in discrete-state Markovian systems by applications to queueing theory
Authors: Melamed Benjamin 
Published: April 2006

This paper considers a regular Markov process with continuous parameter, countable state space, and stationary transition probabilities, and defines a class of traffic processes over it. The possibility that multiple traffic processes constitute mutually independent Poisson processes is investigated.A variety of independence conditions on a traffic process and the underlying Markov process are shown to lead to Poisson-related properties; these conditions include weak pointwise independence, and pointwise independence. Some examples of queueing-theoretic applications are given.For the class of traffic processes considered here in a queueing-theoretic context, Muntz'sMMproperty, Gelenbe and Muntz's notion of completeness, and Kelly's notion of quasi-reversibility are shown to be essentially equivalent to pointwise independence of traffic and state. The relevance of the theory to queueing network decomposition is pointed out.
On queues in discrete regenerative environments, with application to the second of two queues in series
Authors: Balagopal K. 
Published: April 2006

Let Un be the time between the nth and (n + 1)th arrivals to a single-server queuing system, and Vn the nth arrival's service time. There are quite a few models in which {Un, Vn, n ≥ 1} is a regenerative sequence. In this paper, some light and heavy traffic limit theorems are proved solely under this assumption; some of the light traffic results, and all the heavy traffic results, are new for two such models treated earlier by the author; and all the results are new for the semi-Markov queuing model.In the last three sections, the results are applied to a single-server queue whose input is the output of a G/G/1 queue functioning in light traffic.
Some properties of the crossings process generated by a stationary χ2 process
Authors: Sharpe Ken 
Published: April 2006

The process generated by the crossings of a fixed level, u, by the process Pn(t) is considered, where
and the Xi(t) are identical, independent, separable, stationary, zero mean, Gaussian processes. A simple formula is obtained for the expected number of upcrossings in a given time interval, sufficient conditions are given for the upcrossings process to tend to a Poisson process as u→∞, and it is shown that under suitable scaling the distribution of the length of an excursion of Pn(t) above u tends to a Rayleigh distribution as u→ ∞.
On a tandem queueing model with identical service times at both counters, I
Authors: Boxma O. J. 
Published: April 2006

This paper considers a queueing system consisting of two single-server queues in series, in which the service times of an arbitrary customer at both queues are identical. Customers arrive at the first queue according to a Poisson process.Of this model, which is of importance in modern network design, a rather complete analysis will be given. The results include necessary and sufficient conditions for stationarity of the tandem system, expressions for the joint stationary distributions of the actual waiting times at both queues and of the virtual waiting times at both queues, and explicit expressions (i.e., not in transform form) for the stationary distributions of the sojourn times and of the actual and virtual waiting times at the second queue.In Part II (pp. 644–659) these results will be used to obtain asymptotic and numerical results, which will provide more insight into the general phenomenon of tandem queueing with correlated service times at the consecutive queues.
Pseudo-modular decompositions and ‘refined bounds’ for the interval reliability and the availability for binary coherent systems
Authors: Mazars N. 
Published: April 2006

‘Divide and conquer’ is a traditional approach in various fields of applied mathematics. In reliability, only modules have been proposed to decompose complex coherent systems. However, a system may include no modules, except ‘trivial’ ones. This paper is the second step of a study concerned with module generalizations : in the first step, pseudo-modules have been retained as the most general coherent subsystems which can yield a complete extension of the fundamental results concerning modules; in addition, it has been proved that they concern any binary coherent system; in this paper, it is shown that pseudo-modular decompositions are the most general coherent decompositions which can yield a complete extension of all the ‘refined bounds’ for the interval reliability and the availability currently proposed in terms of modular decompositions.This study also yields some fundamental results to extend all the ‘refined bounds’ currently proposed for multistate coherent systems, using an easier approach.
State-dependent signalling in queueing networks
Authors: Henderson W. , Northcote B. S. , Taylor P. G. 
Published: April 2006

It has recently been shown that networks of queues with state-dependent movement of negative customers, and with state-independent triggering of customer movement have product-form equilibrium distributions. Triggers and negative customers are entities which, when arriving to a queue, force a single customer to be routed through the network or leave the network respectively. They are ‘signals' which affect/control network behaviour. The provision of state-dependent intensities introduces queues other than single-server queues into the network.This paper considers networks with state-dependent intensities in which signals can be either a trigger or a batch of negative customers (the batch size being determined by an arbitrary probability distribution). It is shown that such networks still have a product-form equilibrium distribution. Natural methods for state space truncation and for the inclusion of multiple customer types in the network can be viewed as special cases of this state dependence. A further generalisation allows for the possibility of signals building up at nodes.