bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model of the continuous elastoplastic transition in metals
Authors: Jones W J D , Agarwal A K 
Published: July 2007

Part 1: The heterogeneous character of a real metal is represented by a model in which the metal is considered to consist of a large number of elements with a variation of individual stress-strain responses. The variation of Poisson's ratio which occurs as a function of strain is used to measure the progress of yielding through the material and hence to calculate the variation in elemental yield strains. By use of data obtained from the completely elastic and fully plastic parts of the stress-strain curve and the yield strain distribution, the elastoplastic transition behaviour can be calculated. Comparisons are presented between computed and experimental stress-strain curves for aluminium, copper, magnesium, nickel, and titanium alloy to demonstrate the validity of the proposed model. Part 2: Sufficient cyclic stressing can change the subsequent stress-strain curve of a steel which normally has a yield point into one with a continuous elastoplastic transition. A model of the elastoplastic transition in metals, developed by the authors in Part 1 to represent the stress-strain behaviour of metals with a continuous elastoplastic transition, is then proposed for representing the stress-strain behaviour of steels in which the yield point has been removed, by stress cycling. Results are presented to show good agreement between the model and the observed stress-strain behaviour of four steels, one of which had no yield point and the other three had their yield points removed by cyclic stressing.
Short takes
Authors: Tapper Michael 
Published: July 2007

Gladiator: Extended Edition Ridley Scott, DreamWorks, 2000
Over the Edge Jonathan Kaplan, Warner, 1979
Land of the Dead George Romero, Universal, 2005
Boxes to spend a weekend with The Corporation Mark Achbar and Jennifer Abbott, Zeitgeist, 2004
My Own Private Idaho Gus
van Sant, Criterion Collection, 1991
Box of the Banned various, Anchor Bay, 197282
Clerks X: 10th Anniversary Edition Kevin Smith, Alliance Atlantis, 1995
Five documentaries The Yes Men Chris Smith, Dan Ollman and Sarah Price, MGM, 2004
George Stevens: A Film-makers Journey George
Stevens, Jr., Warner, 1984
Inside Deep Throat Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato, Universal, 2005
The Celluloid Closet Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman, Sony, 1995
Sympathy for the Devil Jean-Luc Godard, Abkco, 1970
Interesting films but not much extras The Bela Lugosi Collection
Various, Universal, 193240
Cop James B. Harris, MGM, 1988
Demon Seed Donald Cammell, Warner, 1977
Lilith Robert Rossen, Columbia, 1964
Rome, Open City Roberto Rossellini, Arrow, 1945
The Innocents Jack Clayton, Fox, 1961
Book Reviews
Authors: Coyne Michael , de Seife Ethan , Spring Katherine , Keating Patrick , Kramer Gary M , Frey Mattias , Freedman Carl , Baxter John , Roe Annabelle Honess , Wallengren Ann-Kristin , Niskanen Eija 
Published: July 2007

The Western: High Noon or Last Sunset? By Michael Coyne

Westerns: Aspects of a Movie Genre Philip French (2005) Manchester: Carcanet Press, 240 pp., ISBN 1857547470 (pbk), 39.95

Horizons West: Directing the Western from John Ford to Clint Eastwood Jim Kitses
(2004) London: British Film Institute, 342 pp., ISBN 1844570509 (pbk), 28.95, ISBN 1844570193 (hbk), 80.00

Cowboys as Cold Warriors: The Western and US History Stanley Corkin (2004) Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 273 pp., ISBN 1592132545 (pbk), 23.95, ISBN 1592132537 (hbk),
69.50
Rio Bravo (BFI Film Classics) Robin Wood (2003) London: British Film Institute, 96 pp., ISBN 0851709664 (pbk), 14.95

Unforgiven (BFI Modern Classics) Ed. Buscombe (2004) London: British Film Institute, 95 pp., ISBN 1844570339 (pbk), 14.95

The Searchers: Essays
& Reflections on John Ford's Classic Western Arthur M. Eckstein & Peter Lehman (2004) Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 440 pp., ISBN 0814330568 (pbk), 29.

John Wayne: A Giant Shadow C. McGivern (2004) Bracknell: Sammon Publishing, 465 pp., ISBN 0954003160 (pbk),
19.99

New Punk Cinema, Nicholas Rombes (ed.) (2005) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 256 pp., ISBN 0748620354 (pbk), 25.00, ISBN 0748620346 (hbk), 75.00

Silent Film Sound, Rick Altman (2005) New York: Columbia University Press, 528 pp., ISBN 0231116624 (hbk), 50.00,
32.50

A Culture of Light: Cinema & Technology in 1920s Germany Frances Guerin (2005) Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 314 pp., ISBN 0816642869 (pbk), 24.95, ISBN 0816642850 (hbk), 74.95

Film Genre: Hollywood & Beyond Barry Langford (2005) Edinburgh: Edinburgh
University Press, 310 pp., ISBN 0748619038 (pbk), 16.99, ISBN 074861902X (hbk), 50.00

If Mark Sinker (2005) London: BFI (BFI Film Classics Series), 88 pp., ISBN 1844570401 (pbk), 14.95

Withnail & I Kevin Jackson (2004) London: BFI (BFI Modern Classics), 95 pp., ISBN
1844570355 (pbk), 14.95

Signs of Life: Medicine & Cinema Graeme Harper and Andrew Moor (2005) London: Wallflower Press, 224 pp., ISBN 1904764169 (pbk), 22.50

Film Noir: From Berlin to Sin City Mark Bould (2005) London: Wallflower Press, 144 pp., ISBN 1904764509 (pbk),
20.00

Lee Miller: A Life Carolyn Burke (2005) New York: Knopf, 448 pp., ISBN 0375401474 (hbk), 35.00

The Electronic Emporium: Senses of Cinema

The British Consumer Co-operative Movement and Film, 1890s1960s Alan G. Burton (2005) Manchester: Manchester University
Press, 272 pp., ISBN 0719064163 (hbk), 85.00

Transnational Cinema in a Global North: Nordic Cinema in Transition Andrew Nestingen & Trevor G. Elkington (eds) (2005) Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 379 pp., ISBN 0814332439 (pbk), 26.95
Improvement of ACTH response to insulin tolerance test in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis due to tumor necrosis factor inhibition
Authors: Daza Leonel , Martin-Jimenez Raul , De la Torre Pío X , Hernández Enrique , Murillo Blanca 
Published: July 2007

Objective: The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis evaluation has been conflicting in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Our aim was to evaluate the HPA axis response to the insulin tolerance test (ITT) in premenopausal female patients with RA before and after anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy (anti-TNF therapy).
Design: A comparative cross-sectional analysis.
Subjects and methods: Ten females with RA and without previous anti-TNF therapy were included. Five healthy females were included as controls. An ITT was performed before first dose of anti-TNF therapy and then after week 12. Anti-TNF therapy was applied every 14 days for 12 weeks. Cortisol and ACTH levels were measured at 0, 30, 45, and 65 min. Prolactin was measured at 0, 30, 45, 90, 120, and 150 min.
Results: The ACTH basal plasma levels at weeks 0 and 12 did not show statistical differences, at 1.26 (0.41–2.12) vs 1.54 (0.60–2.49) respectively (P = 0.68). The controls demonstrated a higher ACTH response than in the RA patients at week 0 before the anti-TNF therapy (349.12 area under curve (AUC)), (P = 0.004) and a similar ACTH response to ITT to those of RA patients at week 12 after the use of the anti-TNF therapy (1087.42 AUC). Serum cortisol levels did not show significant changes when the ITT was performed before and after the anti-TNF therapy.
Conclusions: Our findings support a role for the TNF on the pituitary gland in premenopausal female patients with RA. An adequate control of RA in early stages of the disease diminishing TNF levels improves ACTH response to stress situations.
Trends in Hospitalizations of HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents in the United States: Analysis of Data From the 1994–2003 Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Kourtis Athena P. , Bansil Pooja , Posner Samuel F. , Johnson Christopher , Jamieson Denise J. 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to describe trends in hospital use by HIV-infected children and adolescents in the United States in the 10 years from 1994 (before highly active antiretroviral therapy) to 2003 (widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy).
METHODS. Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database were used. The most frequent diagnoses were evaluated by year, and trends in hospitalizations for selected diagnoses and procedures were examined by multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS. In 2003, there were an estimated 3419 hospitalizations of HIV-infected children who were 18 years or younger, compared with 11785 such hospitalizations in 1994 (a 71% decrease). This decrease was more marked among infants and children who were younger than 5 years (94% for boys and 92% for girls) than among adolescents (decrease of 47% for boys and increase of 23% for girls 15–18 years of age). The inpatient fatality rate among HIV-infected children decreased from 5.0% in 1994 to 1.8% in 2003. The number of hospitalizations among HIV-infected children in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era decreased significantly compared with before highly active antiretroviral therapy (1994–1996) for Pneumocystis jiroveci, bacterial infection, or sepsis; fungal infection; encephalopathy; failure to thrive; and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. No significant change in the number of hospitalizations for Pneumococcus or cytomegalovirus was observed.
CONCLUSIONS. Dramatic decreases in the number of hospitalizations among HIV-infected children occurred since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the United States. However, this trend is not seen in hospitalizations of adolescents, particularly girls. Hospitalizations for several HIV-related conditions are less frequent in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era, but for certain other conditions, the hospitalization burden remains high.
Prosthetic Management of Pharyngeal Flap–Related Snoring
Authors: Williams William N. , Turner Glenn T. , Lewis Kelley , Pegoraro-Krook Maria Inês , Dutka-Souza Jeniffer C. R. 
Published: July 2007

Objective: The obturating pharyngeal flap used in correcting velopharyngeal insufficiency has been implicated in creating difficulty in nasal breathing for some patients and/or in causing hyponasal speech, obstructive sleep apnea, and snoring. This is a case report of an individually designed removable prosthesis that positions an acrylic tube through each port lateral to the pharyngeal flap, with the goal of preventing the collapse of the ports during sleep and the consequent snoring. Design: The acrylic tubes maintain an opening through both lateral ports preventing the soft tissues of the lateral walls from vibrating against the pharyngeal flap (causing the snoring sound) and allowing nasal breathing. Results: The acrylic tubes effectively eliminated the patient's problem of snoring. Conclusions: This case study demonstrates that snoring associated with a pharyngeal flap can be controlled prosthetically by maintaining an opening through the two lateral ports, preventing the soft tissues of the walls of the lateral ports from vibrating against the flap.
Retrospective Evaluation of Treatment Outcome in Japanese Children with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate. Part 1: Five-Year-Olds’ Index for Dental Arch Relationships
Authors: Suzuki Akira , Yoshizaki Keigo , Honda Yasuo , Sasaguri Masaaki , Kubota Yasutaka , Nakamura Norifumi , Ohishi Masamichi , Oka Masuichiro , Tashiro Hideo , Katsuki Takeshi , Fujino Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

Objective: To evaluate the dental arch relationships of Japanese children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to examine the 5-year-olds’ index for its validity. Design: Retrospective study and comparison with previous reports. Subjects: One hundred thirty-six children with complete UCLP who received primary cheiloplasty and palatoplasty in the Kyushu University Hospital from 1966 to 1999. Materials: Dental models taken from children 53 to 67 months of age and their cephalograms. Methods: Study models were assessed using five scores; 1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = fair, 4 = poor, and 5 = very poor, in accordance with the 5-year-olds’ index and also evaluated using Huddart and Bodenham's numerical classification. Dental arch widths, three-dimensional maxillary dental arch form, and lateral cephalograms were traced and measured. The outcome by 5-year-olds’ index was compared with Huddart and Bodenham's numerical classification, dental arch dimensions, and cephalometric measurements. Results: Occlusal outcome evaluated by the 5-year-olds’ index was rated 2.95, which was classified as fair. This index rating showed a significant relationship with numerical classification and dental arch length, but not with dental arch width. The index showed a relationship with mandibular form and position, but not with maxillary position. Conclusion: The occlusal outcome of the cases with UCLP was fair as evaluated using the 5-year-olds’ index. The index evaluates the anteroposterior relationship of maxillary/mandibular dental arches but does not evaluate the collapse of maxillary segments.
Piezosurgical Treatment of Unicystic Ameloblastoma
Authors: Covani Ugo , Barone Antonio 
Published: July 2007

Background: This case report describes a 22‐year‐old female who was referred with a radiolucent lesion between her mandibular right molars. The original radiographic image suggested an odontogenic cyst.Methods: The surgical enucleation and osteotomy of the residual cavity were performed with a piezoelectric knife. Histologic analysis revealed the lesion was a unicystic ameloblastoma that showed no evidence of epithelial invasion in the connective tissue wall, and it appeared to be contained within the cystic cavity with an intraluminal projection showing features of an ameloblastoma. The patient refused any further surgical treatment. In consideration of the pathological result (no presence of invasive epithelial cells in the connective tissue wall of the cyst), a wait‐and‐see policy was proposed to the patient, with more extensive surgical treatment only if a recurrence was noted.Results: The patient has been followed clinically and radiographically at 6‐month intervals for 5 years. There have been no signs of recurrence.Conclusion: Therefore, the piezoelectric knife could be considered a promising device in the treatment of odontogenic tumors.
Timing Affects the Clinical Outcome of Adjunctive Systemic Antibiotic Therapy for Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Kaner Doğan , Christan Claudia , Dietrich Thomas , Bernimoulin Jean‐Pierre , Kleber Bernd‐Michael , Friedmann Anton 
Published: July 2007

Background: Systemic antibiotics improve the outcome of scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients exhibiting severe periodontitis. This study evaluated the influence of timing of adjunctive systemic antibiotics in the sequence of periodontal therapy.Methods: Two cohorts of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis and treated by SRP, adjunctive antibiotics, and supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) were analyzed retrospectively. Cohort A (17 patients; 36 ± 5 years of age) received systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole immediately after SRP (“immediate”); cohort B (17 patients; 36 ± 4 years of age) received the same regimen 3 months after SRP, following SPT, including subgingival reinstrumentation (“late”). Clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD), relative attachment level (RAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and suppuration, were recorded with a pressure‐sensitive electronic probe at baseline and 3 and 6 months after SRP.Results: Significant time*group interactions were found for all clinical parameters except BOP, i.e., timing of antibiotic therapy affected the course of clinical changes over time. Immediate antibiotic therapy produced significantly higher initial changes (0 to 3 months) in PD and RAL. Late antibiotic therapy at 3 months resulted in additional significant improvements in all clinical parameters between 3 and 6 months. In initially deep sites (baseline PD >6 mm), improvements in PD and RAL over 6 months were significantly higher with immediate antibiotic therapy compared to late antibiotic therapy.Conclusion: Within the limits of a retrospective analysis, these findings indicate that administration of amoxicillin/metronidazole immediately after initial SRP provides more PD reduction and RAL “gain” in initially deep sites than late administration at SPT with reinstrumentation after 3 months.
Possible accumulation of non-active molecules of catalase and superoxide dismutase in S. cerevisiae cells under hydrogen peroxide induced stress
Authors: Bayliak Maria , Semchyshyn Halyna , Lushchak Volodymyr 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The effect of hydrogen peroxide on the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in S. cerevisiae has been studied under different experimental conditions: various H2O2 concentrations, time exposures, yeast cell densities and media for stress induction. The yeast treatment with 0.25–0.50 mM H2O2 led to an increase in catalase activity by 2–3-fold. At the same time, hydrogen peroxide caused an elevation by 1.6-fold or no increase in SOD activity dependently on conditions used. This effect was cancelled by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis in eukaryotes. Weak elevation of catalase and SOD activities in cells treated with 0.25–0.50 mM H2O2 found in this study does not correspond to high level of synthesis of the respective enzyme molecules observed earlier by others. It is well known that exposure of microorganisms to low sublethal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide leads to the acquisition of cellular resistance to a subsequent lethal oxidative stress. Hence, it makes possible to suggest that S. cerevisiae cells treated with low sublethal doses of hydrogen peroxide accumulate non-active stress-protectant molecules of catalase and SOD to survive further lethal oxidant concentrations.
The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) system in the pronephros and mesonephros of Bufo bufo larvae
Authors: Tei Simonetta , Salamida Sonia , Vagnetti Daniela 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
In this study on the excretory apparatus of the Bufo bufo larvae, the ultrastructural features and the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-system were examined using cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods. The early embryonic kidney, the pronephros, is replaced by a later stage, the mesonephros. The pronephros degenerates at the time of metamorphosis and the mesonephros becomes the functional kidney in the adult. Both these organs are targets for ANP, demonstrated by the presence of the specific receptors, indirectly highlighted by the cytochemical localization of the guanylate cyclase in the presence of exogenous atrial natriuretic peptide. This study concluded that the mesonephros produces ANP and thus clusters of cells containing ANP-like granules, positive to the anti-α ANP immunolocalization, were present along the mesonephric proximal tubule. The atrial natriuretic peptide system carries out an important osmoregulatory role in the excretory apparatus.
Recycled PET nanocomposites improved by silanization of organoclays
Authors: Kráčalík Milan , Studenovský Martin , Mikešová Jana , Sikora Antonín , Thomann Ralf , Friedrich Christian , Fortelný Ivan , Šimoník Josef 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecycled PET/organo‐modified montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding as a promising possibility of the used beverage bottles recovery. According to our previous work, the three suitable commercial organoclays Cloisite 25A, 10A, and 30B were additionally modified with [3‐(glycidyloxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane and (3‐aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane. The selected organoclays were compounded in the concentration 5 wt % and their degree of intercalation/delamination was determined by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Modification of Cloisite 25A with [3‐(glycidyloxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane increased homogeneity of silicate layers in recycled PET. Additional modification of Cloisite 10A and Cloisite 30B led to lower level of delamination concomitant with melt viscosity reduction. However, flow characteristics of all studied organoclay nanocomposites showed solid‐like behavior at low frequencies. Silanization of commercial organoclays had remarkable impact on crystallinity and melt temperature decrease accompanied by faster formation of crystalline nuclei during injection molding. Thermogravimetric analysis showed enhancement of thermal stability of modified organoclays. The tensile tests confirmed significant increase of PET‐R stiffness with organoclays loading and the system containing Cloisite 25A treated with [3‐(glycidyloxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane revealed combination of high stiffness and extensibility, which could be utilized for production of high‐performance materials by spinning, extrusion, and blow molding technologies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Durable antimicrobial finish of cotton fabrics
Authors: Bang Eun S. , Lee Eui S. , Kim Seung I. , Yu Young H. , Bae Soon E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCotton fabrics were treated with Biopag, which does not have any functional groups that are reactive toward cellulose, using crosslinking agents or a binder, for the purpose of imparting a durable antimicrobial finish. In this respect, it was found that the crosslinking agents were more effective than the binder. It was confirmed by FT‐IR that the characteristic split peaks of Biopag were still seen even after repeated launderings. The crosslinking agents deteriorated the whiteness and tensile strength of the Biopag‐treated cotton fabrics, while the wrinkle recovery angles (WRAs) were significantly improved. The one‐step padding of Biopag and the crosslinking agent was found to be superior to the two‐step padding method in which Biopag padding was followed by padding of crosslinking agent in respect of WRA, whereas the whiteness and tensile strength were vice versa. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
When bonuses backfire: an inaction inertia analysis of procrastination induced by a missed opportunity
Authors: Pittman Thane S. , Tykocinski Orit E. , Sandman‐Keinan Ruty , Matthews Pamela A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn inaction inertia analysis of procrastination was used to generate the prediction that using bonuses to encourage early task completion will have two opposing effects, encouraging early task completion by some but also inducing procrastination for those who miss the bonus. Study 1 showed that the addition of bonuses for early completion produced both of these effects and also led to overall task completion rates that were either equal to (large bonus) or actually less than (medium and small bonuses) those obtained by simply establishing a completion deadline with no bonus. In Study 2, a lottery methodology was used to manipulate the size of a missed bonus for all participants. Even under these conditions of reduced personal responsibility the larger missed bonus led to increased procrastination as predicted by the inaction inertia analysis. Possible mediating processes based on anticipated regret and perceived fairness were discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total synthesis by modern chemical ligation methods and high resolution (1.1 Å) X‐ray structure of ribonuclease A
Authors: Boerema David J. , Tereshko Valentina A. , Kent Stephen B. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe total chemical synthesis of RNase A using modern chemical ligation methods is described, illustrating the significant advances that have been made in chemical protein synthesis since Gutte and Merrifield's pioneering preparation of RNase A in 1969. The identity of the synthetic product was confirmed through rigorous characterization, including the determination of the X‐ray crystal structure to 1.1 Angstrom resolution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90:278–286, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com