bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of Incision Location on Guided Bone Regeneration: Human Study
Authors: Park Sang‐Hoon , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: January 2007

Background: Membrane exposure has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in guided bone regeneration. This prospective human study examined the effect of incision locations on flap survival and membrane exposure.Methods: Twenty‐nine implant‐associated buccal dehiscence defects in 25 patients were augmented using particulate mineralized human allograft. Ten sites received a collagen bioabsorbable membrane, 10 sites received acellular dermal matrix, and nine sites were treated with bone graft alone. All implants achieved primary stability and passive flap tension at the time of flap closure. Incision location was measured as the distance from the initial incision line to the mucogingival junction. The same measurements were made at 2 weeks and 1 month to represent the length of the flap that survived. The length of the flap that survived at 2 weeks was compared to the mean width of buccal keratinized gingiva (KG) of adjacent teeth. Other clinical parameters recorded included incidence of early membrane exposure and gingival thickness at mid‐crest and 6 mm buccal and lingual to the mid‐crest at baseline.Results: At 2 weeks, 10 sites experienced early exposure. Exposed sites that were not covered by 1 month remained exposed. Membrane‐treated groups showed no significant difference between the width of adjacent buccal KG and the length of the flap that survived at 2 weeks. The length of the flap that survived beyond the mean width of adjacent KG was significantly greater for the graft alone group (1.6 ± 0.4 mm; P = 0.002). When the gingival thicknesses of exposed and non‐exposed cases were compared, only palatal/lingual gingival thickness showed a significant difference (P = 0.002).Conclusions: Within the limits of the study, it was concluded that the location of the crestal incision might be a significant factor in reducing the incidence of membrane exposure by minimizing flap necrosis. The mean KG width of adjacent teeth may be used as a guide to determine the initial incision location. However, this effect may be less significant in palatal/lingual gingiva >3.0 mm.
Optical Bandgaps of π‐Conjugated Organic Materials at the Polymer Limit: Experiment and Theory
Authors: Gierschner J. , Cornil J. , Egelhaaf H.‐J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this Review, the extreme care that must be taken when predicting the optical properties of conjugated polymers via the oligomer approach, and when comparing theoretical and experimental data, is illustrated. In the first part, conceptual strategies for the correct determination of optical transitions from experimental spectra and relevant extrapolation procedures at the polymer limit are introduced. The impact of conformational, substitution, solvent, and solid‐state effects on the optical properties is discussed in light of experimental data reported for molecular backbones based on phenylene, phenylenevinylene, and thiophene repeat units. A comparison is then made between experimental results and those provided by standard quantum‐chemical methods, to assess their reliability.
Gefitinib and chemotherapy combination studies in five novel human non small cell lung cancer xenografts. Evidence linking EGFR signaling to gefitinib antitumor response
Authors: Judde Jean‐Gabriel , Rebucci Magali , Vogt Nicolas , de Cremoux Patricia , Livartowski Alain , Chapelier Alain , Tran‐Perennou Carine , Boye Karine , Defrance Rémy , Poupon Marie‐France , Bras‐Gonçalves Rui‐Alberto 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is often activated in NSCLC, and thus represents a promising therapeutic target. We studied the antitumor activity of gefitinib (Iressa™), an orally active EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor, alone and in combination with standard chemotherapy in 5 recently established human NSCLC xenografts with wild‐type EGFR. Mice were treated with 2 protocols of chemotherapy based on cisplatin (CDDP) combined with either gemcitabine (GEM) or vinorelbine (VNR). Gefitinib alone significantly inhibited tumor growth (TGI) in 4 of the 5 tumor xenografts (mean TGI of 58%, range: 25–70%). CDDP+VNR alone failed to achieve any significant responses, while CDDP+GEM achieved significant responses in 2 xenografts (TGI of 93 and 47%). Addition of gefitinib to CDDP+GEM potentialized chemotherapy in the 3 CDDP+GEM‐resistant xenografts, but did not potentialize the CDDP+VNR combination. The effect of gefitinib treatment on the activity of extra cellular‐regulated kinase (Erk), Akt, JNK and p38 kinases was assessed in IC9LC11 and IC1LC131, two NSCLC xenografts selected for their sensitivity and resistance to gefitinib, respectively. In IC9LC11, gefitinib strongly inhibited Erk, Akt and Jnk phosphorylation, but P38 remained active. Inversely, in IC1LC131, Erk and Akt pathways remained active, while Jnk and P38 pathways were inhibited by gefitinib. The data indicate that the antitumor activity of gefitinib in NSCLC, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, is tumor‐dependent and is influenced by downstream signaling events independent of EGFR status. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mismatch repair polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Berndt Sonja I. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Fallin M. Daniele , Thuita Lucy W. , Hoffman Sandra C. , Helzlsouer Kathy J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRare germline variants in mismatch repair genes have been linked to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer; however, it is unknown whether common polymorphisms in these genes alter the risk of colorectal cancer. To examine the association between common variants in mismatch repair genes and colorectal cancer, we conducted a case‐cohort study within the CLUE II cohort. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms in 3 mismatch repair genes (MSH3 R940Q, MSH3 T1036A, MSH6 G39E and MLH1 I219V) were genotyped in 237 colorectal cancer cases and a subcohort of 2,189 participants. Incidence rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for each polymorphism were estimated. The MSH3 1036A variant was found to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.94–1.74 and RR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.01–2.70 for the AT and TT genotypes, respectively, with ptrend = 0.02), particularly proximal colon cancer. Although the MSH3 940Q variant was only weakly associated with colorectal cancer overall (ptrend = 0.07), it was associated with a significant increased risk of proximal colon cancer (RR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.10–2.61 and RR = 2.68, 95% CI: 0.96–7.47 for the RQ and QQ genotypes, respectively with ptrend = 0.005). Processed meat intake appeared to modify the association between the MSH3 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (pinteraction < 0.10 for both). No association was observed with the MSH6 and MLH1 polymorphisms overall. This study suggests that common polymorphisms in the mismatch repair gene, MSH3, may increase the risk of colorectal cancer, especially proximal colon cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methods for additive hydration allowing observation of fully hydrated state of wet samples in environmental SEM
Authors: Neděla Vilém 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMethods for additive hydration are presented that enable longtime observation of very wet biological specimens in an environmental scanning electron microscope. The changes of structure due to dehydration for specimens placed on a Peltier‐cooled holder, put on a special agar base or embedded in it or blown over by water vapor are compared. The degree of dehydration damage of the observed specimen structures is evaluated and compared with the structure of a nondestructively dried specimen, prepared by the critical point drying method. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Schizophrenia as split personality/Jekyll and Hyde: The origins of the informal usage in the English language
Authors: McNally Kieran 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe entry into the English language of the informal usage of schizophrenia as split per‐sonality/Jekyll and Hyde is traced and commented upon. The metaphor of split personality is followed from Eugene Bleuler via his translators and the wider psychiatric community into the present day. It, and to a lesser extent the Jekyll‐Hyde personality, is found to be as much a product of the psychological professions as a product of lay misinterpretation. The informal definition of schizophrenia as split personality has outlived the scientific theory with which it was initially associated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of shared vision: Lessons from a science education community collaborative
Authors: Robertson Amy 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis is a qualitative case study of a collaboration among multiple stakeholders in science education who came together in order to create environmental field trips and the surrounding classroom curriculum. The collaboration involves 4 major facets of science education: formal education at the elementary and university levels, informal education, and educational research. The data were collected by means of observation, semi‐structured interviews, and written document review. This study examines how shared vision developed within the collaboration, the roles the participants played in its evolution, and how this process benefited both the collaboration and each individual collaborator. Several factors significantly affected the progress towards a shared vision and a successful collaboration including time, communication, understanding others' perspectives, dedication and ownership, as well as the collaborative environment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 681–705, 2007
Mass spectra of the picolinyl ester derivatives of some non‐methylene‐interrupted octadecadienoic acids
Authors: Christie W. W. , Brechany E. Y. , Gunstone F. D. , Lie Ken Jie M. S. F. , Holman R. T. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe electron‐impact mass spectra of the picolinyl ester derivatives of 5,12‐, 6,12‐, 7,12‐, 8,12‐, 6,10‐ and 6,11‐octadecadienoic acids were obtained. There are features in each that are diagnostic of the position of the terminal double bond, although doubt could exist, with unknown compounds, about the position of the proximal double bond if authentic spectra were not available for comparison purposes. There appear to be features in the spectra of isomers with two and three methylene groups between double bonds that are of value for characterization purposes.
The activity and properties of a hepatic acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase obtained from rats of different age groups
Authors: Tanaka Mitsuo , Iio Toshihiro , Tabata Toshikazu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe activity of lysosomal acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase (acid CEH, EC 3.1.1.13) in rat liver was determined at 3, 5, 7, 10 and 20 wk following birth. The levels of acid CEH activity showed a marked decrease as rats grew older, whereas those of other lysosomal marker enzymes, such as acid phosphatase, β‐glucuronidase and cathepsin B and D, showed only a slight decrease. On the other hand, acid CEH activity was detected in all subcellular fractions obtained from rat liver, but the enzyme activity in these fractions did not show the age‐related decrease observed in the lysosomal fraction. The results presented here suggest that the marked alteration of lysosomal acid CEH activity that accompanies aging may be related to its possible involvement in the regulation of cholesterol concentration in rat liver.
Effect of dietary lipids on the lipid composition and phospholipid deacylating enzyme activities of rat heart
Authors: Leonardi Jeannie , Termine Elise , Morand Florence , Lafont Raymond , Portugal Henri , Lafont Huguette , Nalbone Gilles 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRats were fed lard‐enriched (17%) or corn oil‐enriched (17%) diets and were compared with rats fed a low fat (4.5%) diet. Cardiac protein, DNA, phospholipid (PL) and fatty acid (FA) compositions were analyzed. Neutral phospholipase A, lysophospholipase and creatine kinase activities in the membrane and cytosolic compartments were also investigated.No significant modification of cardiac protein, DNA nor PL was observed among the three groups. Some alterations appeared in the FA composition. A lard‐enriched diet induced a significant increase of 22∶5n−3 and 22∶6n−3 in heart phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), whereas a linoleic acid‐rich diet induced a specific increase of 22∶4n−6 and 22∶5n−6 in these two major PL.Compared to rats fed the low fat diet, membrane‐associated phospholipase A activity, measured by endogenous hydrolysis of membrane PC and PE, showed a significant increase (+45%) for both PL in rats fed corn oil. However, the activity of membrane‐associated phospholipases, measured with exogenous [1‐14C]dioleoyl PC, was not different among the three groups of rats. Cytoplasmic activity was decreased in rats fed corn oil, and lysophospholipase and creatine phosphate kinase activities were not significantly affected by diet.FA modification of the long chain n−6 FA induced by corn oil may be responsible for the observed increase in phospholipase activity. Physiological implications are suggested in terms of membrane degradation and prostaglandin production.
Sterol synthesis in the liver intestine, and lung of the guinea pig
Authors: Turley S. D. , West C. E. , Horton B. J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe relative rates of sterol synthesis in the liver, ileum, and lung of the guinea pig have been studied by measuring the incorporation by tissue slices of14C‐labeled acetate into digitonin‐precipitable sterols. The liver showed maximum incorporation of acetate at pH 6.5, the ileum at pH 7.5, and the lung at pH 6.0. The incorporation of acetate approached the maximum rate at a concentration of 10 mM with the liver and lung and 5 mM with the ileum. Using these conditions of assay, sterol synthesis was measured in the liver, ileum, and lung of four groups of guinea pigs killed at 6‐hourly intervals. Depending on the time of day, the rate of sterol synthesis in the ileum was from 6 to 14 times that in the liver, while in the lung the rate was up to 3 times that shown by the liver. Additional studies showed that all regions of the small intestine synthesized sterol at a higher rate than the liver, with the highest rate of synthesis occurring in the ileum. The rates observed in the adrenal, testis, muscle, adipose tissue, and skin indicated that these tissues are not quantitatively important sites of sterol synthesis in the guinea pig.
Some nutrient interrelations during total intravenous alimentation in adult man—A review
Authors: Wixom Robert L. , Sheng Yung‐Boo , Anderson Helen L. , Yamanaka William K. , Terry Boyd E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSelected aspects of total parenteral nutrition in man are reviewed with emphasis on carbohydrate, lipid, and hormonal interactions. In an experiment to test for the essentiality of a specific amino acid, a normal adult man received all major and minor nutrients, except lipids, by intravenous alimentation for 48 days. A chemical deficiency of essential fatty acids without clinical symptoms was promptly observed in four plasma lipid fractions and the phospholipid fraction of erythrocytes. With the glucose providing 2,600 kcal/day, blood glucose remained normal, but a hypertrigly ceridemia was observed. Plasma insulin rose and cortisol fell. To meet the essential fatty acid and energy requirements of man, critical experiments are needed to define the safe utilization of lipid emulsions during prolonged intravenous nutrition.
Nutritional effects of the cyclic monomers of methyl linolenate in the rat
Authors: Iwaoka Wayne T. , Perkins E. G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractLow levels (0.0075, 0.0225, and 0.15%) of cyclic fatty acid methyl esters (>98% pure) were incorporated into diets of weanling rats fed different levels of protein. Animals on low protein diets (8–10% casein) exhibited decreased wt gains and feed consumption with increasing levels of cyclic esters in their diets after 6 weeks. Liver enlargements due to a significant (P<0.01) accumulation of liver lipid were noted in animals receiving 0.15% cyclic fatty acid esters in their diets.
Preparation of deuterated methyl 6,9,12‐octadecatrienoates and methyl 6,9,12,15‐octadecatetraenoates
Authors: Rakoff Henry 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMethyl 6,9,12‐octadecatrienoate‐15,15,16,16‐d4 was obtained by Wittig coupling between 6,6,7,7‐tetradeutero‐3‐nonenyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, 8, and the aldehyde ester, methyl 9‐oxo‐6‐nonenoate. Methyl 6‐oxohexanoate, obtained by ozonolysis of cyclohexene, was coupled in a Wittig reaction with [2‐(1,3‐dioxan‐2‐yl)ethyl]triphenylphosphonium bromide to give methyl 8‐dioxanyl‐6‐octenoate. This compound was transacetalized to methyl 9,9‐dimethoxy‐6‐nonenoate, which was then hydrolyzed to the aldehyde ester. For the preparation of compound 8, the tetrahydropyranyl ether of 2‐pentynol was deuterated with deuterium gas and tris‐(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium. The tetradeuterated tetrahydropyranyl ether was converted to the bromide with triphenylphosphine dibromide, and the bromide was coupled with 3‐butynol by means of lithium amide in liquid ammonia to give 3‐nonynol‐6,6,7,7‐d4. Hydrogenation over Lindlar's catalyst converted the deuterated alkynol to 3‐nonenol‐6,6,7,7‐d4. This deuterated alkenol was converted to the bromide with triphenylphosphine dibromide, then to the iodide with sodium iodide in acetone, and finally to 8 with triphenylphosphine in acetonitrile. Methyl 6,9,12,15‐octadecatetraenoate‐12,13,15,16‐d4 was obtained by Wittig coupling between methyl 9‐oxo‐6‐nonenoate and 3,4,6,7‐tetradeutero‐3,6‐nonadienyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, 15. For the preparation of compound 15, the bromide obtained from the reaction of 2‐pentynol with triphenylphosphine dibromide was coupled with 3‐butynol with lithium amide in liquid ammonia. The resulting 3,6‐nonadiynol was deuterated with deuterium gas in the presence of P‐2 nickel, and the resultant deuterated nonadienol was converted to 15 through the bromide and iodide. The final products were separated from isomers formed during the synthetic sequences by silver resin chromatography.
Oxysterol mediated changes in fatty acid distribution and lipid synthesis in cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells
Authors: Seillan Christine 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe studied the actions of oxysterols on fatty acid distribution and lipid synthesis in cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells. Cultures were labeled with [1‐14C] arachidonate or [1‐14C]oleate. During a 24‐hr incubation, 25‐or 22R‐hydroxycholesterol enhanced the incorporation of label into triglycerides, concomitant with a reduction in the labeling of phospholipids. Cholestantriol or 20‐hydroxycholesterol had the opposite effects. They caused a higher incorporation of radiolabel into phospholipids and a reduction of labeling of triacylglycerols. Similar changes were seen in cells labeled with [1‐14C]acetate. Therefore, we conclude that oxysterols can promote changes in the distribution of fatty acids between neutral lipids and phospholipids through mechanisms that still need to be clarified.
Detergent induced changes in serum lipid composition in rats
Authors: Miura Yoshiro , Hisaki Harumi , Fukushima Benzo , Nagai Tatsuo , Ikeda Tohru 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe influence ofin vivo administration of detergents on serum lipid composition was studied in rats. Male Wistar rats received 50 mg Emulgen 913 (polyoxyethylene nonylphenylether, a nonionic detergent) or SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate, an anionic detergent) per kg of body weight intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days. Emulgen 913 and SDS administration increased the level of cholesterol esters and phospholipids, respectively. But Emulgen 913 administration reduced the level of triglycerides in the Serum, and SDS administration reduced also the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol esters. In spite of the changes in serum lipid composition, the administration of these detergents did not affect the amount of total lipids in rat serum. The proportion of palmitic, oleic, and docosahexaenoic acids in phospholipids was decreased by the administration of Emulgen 913 while the level of arachidonic acid was raised. However, the level SDS administration had no effect on the fatty acid composition of the serum phospholipids. On the other hand, both Emulgen 913 and SDS administration showed an effect on the fatty acid composition of triglycerides. It is postulated that liver damage due to administration of detergents is responsible for the changes in serum lipid and fatty acid composition in detergent‐treated rats.
Fatty acid and β‐amino acid syntheses in strains ofBacillus subtilis producing iturinic antibiotics
Authors: Hourdou Marie‐Laure , Besson Francoise , Tenoux Isabelle , Michel Georges 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIturinic antibiotics, produced by different strains ofBacillus subtilis, contain long‐chain β‐amino acids (β‐AA). The regulation of the synthesis of fatty acids (FA) and β‐AA was studied by modifying the culture medium. Addition of possible precursors, branched‐chain α‐amino acids, to the medium affected the FA and β‐AA compositions. According to this, theB. subtilis strains can be divided into two groups. The first contains the producers of mycosubtilin and bacillomycin F which synthesize a high level ofiso C16 chains; the second contains the producers of bacillomycin D, bacillomycin L and iturin which synthesize a high level ofn carbon chains.The incorporation of radioactive sodium acetate into FA and β‐AA showed rapid FA synthesis followed by a second synthetic step. Although the detailed mechanism has not yet been elucidated, this second step, corresponding to the β‐AA synthesis, seemed to be a key step in determining the alkyl chain of β‐AA.
Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester on proteinuria of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes mellitus in rats
Authors: Fujikawa Mariko , Yamazaki Katsuya , Sawazaki Shigeki , Taki Hirofumi , Kaneda Mariko , Urakaze Mesaharu , Hamazaki Tomohito , Yano Saburo , Fujita Takao 
Published: January 2007

AbstractStreptozotocin (45 mg/kg) was intravenously administered to 7‐week‐old Wistar rats through their tail veins. After 11 days, the rats were divided into two groups. One group was fed a lipid‐free diet (90%, w/w) plus lard (8%) and safflower oil (2%) for four weeks (Diet 1 group, n=12). The other group was fed in the same way, except that safflower oil was replaced by 90% pure eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl ester (Diet 2 group, n=13). Twenty‐four‐hour urine was collected just before the diets started and during the experiment at 7‐day intervals. In the second and third week, the levels of proteinuria were significantly lower in the Diet 2 group than they were in the Diet 1 group. There was no significant difference in the levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, or lipids in plasma or in body weights between the two groups after four weeks on the diets. Because Diet 2 reduced proteinuria of diabetic rats compared to Diet 1, an EPA‐rich diet may retard the development of diabetic nephropathy.