bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Some 3‐(4‐Methylphenyl)‐2‐substituted amino‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐ones as Analgesic and Anti‐inflammatory Agents
Authors: Alagarsamy Veerachamy , Shankar Durairaj , Murugan Muthuvel , Siddiqui Anees Ahmed , Rajesh Ramadoss 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA variety of 3‐(4‐methyl phenyl)‐2‐substituted amino‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐ones were synthesized by reacting the amino group of 2‐hydrazino‐3‐(4‐methyl phenyl)‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐one with a variety of aldehydes and ketones. The starting material 2‐hydrazino‐3‐(4‐methyl phenyl)‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐one was synthesized from 4‐methyl aniline. The title compounds were investigated for analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, and ulcerogenic index activities. While the test compounds exhibited significant activity, compounds A1, A2, and A3 showed more potent analgesic activity and the compound A3 showed more potent anti‐inflammatory activity when compared to the reference standard diclofenac sodium. Interestingly, the test compounds showed only mild ulcerogenic potential when compared to aspirin.
Dynamic expression of the basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor neuroD in the rod and cone photoreceptor lineages in the retina of the embryonic and larval zebrafish
Authors: Ochocinska Malgorzata J. , Hitchcock Peter F. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNeuroD is a basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor critical for determining neuronal cell fate and regulating withdrawal from the cell cycle. We showed previously that, in goldfish,neuroDis expressed in the rod photoreceptor lineage, and we inferred thatneuroDis also expressed in a subset of amacrine cells and nascent cone photoreceptors. Here we extended that study by examining the temporal and spatial expression pattern ofneuroDin the embryonic and larval zebrafish and by identifying the cell types that express this gene.NeuroDexpression in the developing zebrafish retina is dynamic, spanning early retinogenesis and the maturation of cone photoreceptors. In early retinogenesisneuroDexpression expands from a small patch in the ventronasal retina, through the remaining retinal neuroepithelium. As retinogenesis progresses,neuroDexpression becomes restricted to amacrine cells, immature cones, and cells of rod and cone lineages. This expression achieves an adult pattern by 96 hours postfertilization (hpf), whereupon the temporal pattern ofneuroDexpression in central retina is spatially recapitulated at the germinative margin. The cellular pattern of expression suggests that neuroD regulates aspects of rod and cone genesis, but through separate cellular lineages. Furthermore,neuroDis coexpressed with the cone‐rod‐homeobox transcription factor (Crx) in putative cone progenitors and nascent cone photoreceptors, suggesting that, in the zebrafish retina, as in other vertebrate retinas, similar genetic cascades regulate photoreceptor genesis and maturation. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:1–12, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of immunomagnetic cell enrichment in combination with RT‐PCR for the detection of rare circulating head and neck tumor cells in human peripheral blood
Authors: Tong Xiaodong , Yang Liying , Lang James Campbell , Zborowski Maciej , Chalmers Jeffrey J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDetection of rare, circulating tumor cells (CTC's) in human peripheral blood is a potential indicator of prognosis and diagnosis in oncology. Typical methods to detect these CTC's are either by immunocytochemistry (ICCS) or RT‐PCR. However without accurate, rapid, and reproducible enrichment processes, these detection techniques are labor intensive and/or unreliable. In this article, a repeatable enrichment process that included a flow‐through immunomagnetic cell separation system, the quadrupole magnetic sorter (QMS) was optimized with the aid of a statistical analysis software package. The QMS was operated in a negative mode of operation by immunomagnetically targeting normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) through the CD45 surface marker. Three head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines (HNSCC), Detroit‐562, SCC‐4, and CAL‐27, were used to determine the sensitivity of RT‐PCR for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in spiked PBL. The detection purity needed for detection was found to be one cell in 104, one cell in 103, and one cell in 105 for the Detroit‐562, SCC‐4, and CAL‐27, respectively. The actual number of cancer cells needed for RT‐PCR detection ranged from 30 to 1 cell. To mimic the potential concentration of rare CTC present in peripheral blood of cancer patients, the spiking concentration was chosen to be one cancer cell per 105 total leukocytes from healthy donors. Using a single step immunomagnetic labeling, the final, optimized enrichment process produced a 57.6 ± 30.3‐fold (n = 6) enrichment of the rare cancer cells with a final cancer cell recovery of (77.8 ± 6.6)%. © 2007 Clinical Cytometry Society
Socs 3 modulates the activity of the transcription factor Stat3 in mammary tissue and controls alveolar homeostasis
Authors: Robinson Gertraud W. , Pacher‐Zavisin Margit , Zhu Bing Mei , Yoshimura Akihiko , Hennighausen Lothar 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSignal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and 3 (Stat5 and Stat3) control pregnancy‐mediated mammary development and involution‐dependent remodeling, respectively. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3) has been implicated in the modulation of both Stat3 and Stat5 activity. To explore the biology of Socs3 in mammary tissue, the gene was deleted using Cre‐mediated recombination. Deletion of the Socs3 gene from mammary stem or early progenitor cells did not grossly alter pregnancy‐mediated mammary development but resulted in impaired lactation due to attenuated proliferation. Loss of Socs3 from differentiated luminal cells did not interfere with glandular function during lactation, but resulted in accelerated tissue remodeling upon weaning. Loss of Socs3 led to enhanced and precocious Stat3 activation. Thus, Socs3 serves as a modulator of Stat3 activity to ensure controlled proliferation and apoptosis in pregnancy and involution, respectively. Developmental Dynamics 236:654–661, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metal Complexation of Calix[4]azacrown Derivatives – Evidence for Communication Between Upper and Lower Functionalised Rims
Authors: Bond Andrew D. , Creaven Bernadette S. , Donlon Denis F. , Gernon Tammy L. , McGinley John , Toftlund Hans 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe coordination chemistry of calix[4]azacrowns obtained from the reaction of a diester calix[4]arene with diethylenetriamine provided unusual copper(II) and manganese(II) complexes in which calix[4]azacrown acts as a bidentate N,O‐donor ligand, in some cases, but as a unidentate N‐donor ligand, in other cases. The first example of a binuclear ruthenium(II)/manganese(II) complex, involving the calix[4]arene framework as the bridging ligand, is also reported. The calix[4]arene framework consists of a bipyridyl unit connected at the upper rim of the calix[4]arene, through an amide linkage, and an azacrown unit at the lower rim, also connected through amide groups. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Gravity oscillations applied in batch mixing
Authors: Noui‐Mehidi Mohamed N , Wu Jie , Nguyen Bon V 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the benefits of using gravitational oscillations to achieve good mixing in relatively large vessels. An experimental study was performed on a semicircular‐type tank equipped with a vertical central baffle plate. Liquid oscillations were generated by a rubber plate, placed on the bottom of the tank, which was divided into two separate chambers that were alternately inflated with controlled compressed air. For specific inflation periods, resonance yielding maximal amplitude was achieved in the two tank compartments. While flow visualization showed overall good mixing for different excitation frequencies, measurements of mixing times via a conductivity method revealed fast mixing for a particular frequency close to the natural frequency of an oscillating U‐tube, and for which the maximal oscillation amplitude was recorded. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonographic diagnosis of thyroid nodules: Correlation with the results of sonographically guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Kovacevic Obad , Smetana Škurla Mirna 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPurpose.To assess the reliability of sonography in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules and selecting lesions for fine‐needle aspiration (FNA).Methods.During a 2‐year period, the following 7 sonographic parameters were assessed in 129 patients with thyroid nodules: size, number, echogenicity, echotexure, margin regularity, presence of calcifications, and presence of a hypoechoic rim. Sonographically guided FNA was performed on thyroid nodules ≥5 mm in diameter. Out of 184 FNAs, we obtained 168 specimens adequate for cytologic analysis and 16 (9%) nondiagnostic specimens.Results.FNA diagnoses included 150 (89%) benign and 18 (11%) malignant nodules. Among 53 solitary nodules, 11 were carcinomas and 42 were benign (p < 0.01). The mean size of the carcinomas was 28 ± 12 mm versus 18 ± 10 mm for benign nodules (p < 0.01). The following sonographic features were significantly associated with malignancy: hypoechogenicity, irregular margins, calcifications, and absence of a hypoechoic rim. Differences in echotexure between malignant and benign nodules were not statistically significant.Conclusion.Sonographically guided FNA should be performed on thyroid nodules ≥5 mm in diameter with sonographic characteristics that suggest malignancy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 35, 2007
A biosocial model of entrepreneurship: the combined effects of nurture and nature
Authors: White Roderick E. , Thornhill Stewart , Hampson Elizabeth 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWhy do people get involved in the creation of new ventures? Prior research suggests entrepreneurial behavior has multiple causes. Nurture explanations; often couched in terms of sociological theories like social learning have been popular. Aspects of nascent entrepreneurs' social contexts, notably their family business background, have been associated with new venture creation. But nature also appears to play a role. Other research has linked heritable biological factors, including testosterone, with the career choice to launch a new venture. This study presents theory and evidence linking the combination of both sociological and biological factors with new venture creation: a biosocial model of entrepreneurship. Empirical results indicate new venture creation is more likely among those individuals having a higher testosterone level in combination with a family business background. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of polymethylmethacrylate particle‐induced inhibition of osteoprogenitor differentiation and proliferation
Authors: Chiu Richard , Ma Ting , Smith R. Lane , Goodman Stuart B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPeriprosthetic bone loss induced by implant wear debris may be a combined effect of osteolysis and reduced bone formation resulting from particle‐induced suppression of osteoprogenitor differentiation. This study investigated the time‐dependent effects of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles on the osteogenic capability of bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells during the early phase of differentiation. Murine bone marrow cells were challenged with PMMA particles (0.30% v/v) on the first day of growth in osteogenic medium. Particles were removed from culture after 1, 3, and 5 days, respectively, after which cell growth in osteogenic medium was continued until the 15th day. Bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells exposed to particles during the first 5 days of differentiation showed complete, irreversible inhibition of proliferation, alkaline phosphatase expression, and mineralization. Osteoprogenitors exposed to particles for more than 5 days showed the same degree of inhibition, while those exposed to particles for less than 5 days showed a diminished inhibitory response. Conditioned medium from particle‐treated cells did not suppress osteogenic development, demonstrating that suppression of osteogenesis was not due to secreted inhibitory factors. This study has shown that the early phase of osteoprogenitor differentiation is a crucial time period during which exposure to PMMA particles causes irreversible inhibition of osteogenesis. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:450–457, 2007
Comparison of the stability of various internal fixators used in the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans—a mechanical model
Authors: Morelli Moreno , Poitras Philippe , Grimes Valentine , Backman David , Dervin Geoffrey 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine what characteristics of fixation devices used in the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) contribute to improved stability to resist shear loading. An OCD model was designed using rigid polyurethane foam. Each specimen consisted of two components, an osteochondral fragment and a corresponding defect. A total of 40 specimens were prepared and assigned to one of four groups: control (no extrinsic stabilizer); two 2‐mm‐diameter Kirschner wires (K‐wires), 40 mm in length; one threaded washer and a 28‐mm screw; and one threaded washer and a 38 mm screw. Each specimen was mounted onto an Iosipescu shear test fixture and subjected to shear loads at a pseudo‐static displacement rate of 0.075 mm/s. All groups demonstrated some stability; controls were significantly less stable than all other groups. The group with the threaded washer and 38‐mm screw demonstrated the greatest stability (p < 0.001), and no difference was noted between the K‐wire and 28‐mm screw groups. These results suggest that, in this OCD model, friction conferred some intrinsic stability to resist loads in shear. However, stability was improved with the use of long implants that compressed the fragments together. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:495–500, 2007
Change in isoflavone concentration of soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds at different growth stages
Authors: Kim Jin‐Ae , Chung Ill‐Min 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the fluctuating levels of isoflavone in soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds of six varieties at different development stages. The average concentration of total isoflavone in the fully matured seed was 669 µg g−1, whereas those in the seeds of the R5 (beginning), R6 (green full‐sized) and R7 (onset of physiological maturity) stages were 145, 296 and 611 µg g−1, respectively. Sowonkong variety was highest in total isoflavone content of the fully matured and the R7 seed among all the varieties. In all six varieties, total isoflavone levels at the R7 stage were higher than those of R5 and R6 stages. Total isoflavone concentrations rapidly increased as growth stages transitioned from R5 to R7, as indicated by a positive correlation (r = 0.80***) between the total isoflavone and growth stages. Overall, total isoflavone levels were similar between R7 and the full maturity stages. Of the various isoflavone derivatives, acetylglucoside and aglycon were not significantly correlated with total isoflavone concentrations. However, glucoside (r = 0.97***), malonylglucoside (r = 0.99***), TGIN (genistein + genistin + malonylgenistin + acetylgenistin, r = 0.93***) and TDIN (daidzein + daidzin + malonyldaidzin + acetyldaidzin, r = 0.99***) were very highly correlated with total isoflavone concentrations. As a result, they constituted most of the total isoflavones in the soybean seeds at R5, R6, R7, and full maturity stages. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetics and mechanism of adducts formation of tetraaza cobalt(II) complexes with some organic bases in DMF solvent
Authors: Asadi Mozaffar , Asadi Zahra 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanism of the adduct formation of two Co(II) tetraaza complexes, [Co(ampen)] {[(N,N′‐ethylenebis‐(o‐amino‐α‐phenylbenzylideneiminato)cobalt(II)]} and [Co(campen)] {[(N,N′‐ethylenebis‐(5‐chloro‐o‐amino‐α‐phenylbenzylideneiminato)cobalt(II)]}, with four organic bases, 4‐nitro imidazole (4‐NO2Imid), 4‐methyl imidazole (4‐MeImid), imidazole (Imid), and 1‐methyl imidazole (1‐MeImid), in DMF were studied spectrophotometrically. The kinetic parameters and the second‐order k2 rate constants show the following nucleophilicity trend of the bases toward the given substrate: 4‐NO2Imid > 4‐MeImid > Imid > 1‐MeImid. The linear plots of kobs vs. the molar concentration of the base, the high span of k2 values, and the large negative values of ΔS≠ suggest an associative (A) mechanism. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 39: 137–144, 2007
Rate constant and products for the reaction of Cl atom with n‐butyraldehyde
Authors: Wu Hai , Mu Yujing 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe photooxidations of n‐butyraldehyde initiated by Cl atom were carried out at room temperature (298 ± 2K) and 1 atm pressure. The rate coefficient for the reactions of Cl atom with n‐butyraldehyde was determined as k = (2.04 ± 0.36) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 by using relative rate techniques. The photooxidation products of n‐butyraldehyde reaction with Cl atom were also studied by using both gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and gas chromatography techniques. C2H5CHO, CH3CHO, CO and CO2 were the major products observed. In the absence of NO, the observed yields of C2H5CHO, CH3CHO, and CO were 60%, 3%, and 9%, respectively. However, when NO was introduced into the reaction chamber and the initial ratios of [NO]0/[n‐butyraldehyde]0 were between 1 and 8, the yield of C2H5CHO decreased to 33%, whereas that of CH3CHO and CO rose up to 21% and 25%, respectively. On the basis of mechanism data deduced in this study and the fraction molar yields, the approximate branching ratios for Cl atom attack at C(O)H, α‐, β‐, and γ‐positions in n‐butyraldehyde could be derived as ⩾42%, <25%, 21%, and ⩽12%, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 39: 168–174, 2007
Combined use of WEB2170 and HBO therapy can reduce ischemia and reperfusion injury to the skeletal muscle in a rabbit model
Authors: Riccio Michele , Pangrazi Pier Paolo , Campodonico Andrea , Scalise A. , Marchesini A. , Talevi D. , Carboni A. , Bertani C. , Bertani Aldo , Mazzanti L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIschemia/reperfusion injury is regarded as the main cause of failure in revascularization of limbs and transfer of free flaps in the so called nonreflow phenomenon. This type of damage is caused by the production of free radicals, above all, of neutrophils that release great quantities of extracellular superoxide through the action of a membrane enzyme. In our study we used 40 white rabbits. Rabbit rectus femoris muscle is perfused by a single artery and vein and is therefore a valuable model for study of ischemia‐induced reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle. The objective of this study was to individualize a valid method of protection for the muscle from damage by ischemia‐induced reperfusion injury. We have tested the effectiveness of WEB2170, a PAF antagonist, of hyperbaric oxygen therapy one (HBO), and of combined employment of WEB2170 and HBO. The results show that both PAF and HBO play important protective roles against damage from ischemia/reperfusion injury, and that the combined employment of both therapies has a synergistic effect. We propose therefore a new therapeutic protocol for the prevention of damage resulting from ischemia/reperfusion injury with the simultaneous employment of this PAF and HBO. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
The versatility of vascularized iliac crest with internal oblique muscle flap for composite upper maxillary reconstruction
Authors: Maranzano Massimo , Atzei Andrea 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe middle third defects of the face following total or partial oncologic maxillectomy include very important facial structures, both for esthetical and for functional reasons. Among the outcomes, large oronasal or oromaxillary fistulas due to destruction of big bone segments and soft tissues have long been the consequences of such extensive surgical ablations. In the last few years, immediate reconstruction of maxillary bones and soft tissues has proved to be a reliable morphofunctional reconstruction technique following surgery for large oncological defects or the late effects of radiation therapy. Among other free flaps such as composite fibula, composite scapula, or composite radial, the use of vascularized iliac crest with the internal oblique flap has become our flap choice for morphofunctional maxillary reconstruction for bone segments within 6–15 cm of length, and when there is no need for overlying facial skin or oral sphincter reconstruction. The advantages of this composite bone flap are its available large and resizable bone stock; the quality of the bone for transfer (optimal height, depth, and contour to maintain a good facial profile); and the possibility to properly reconstruct the oral lining, orbital content; and maxillary soft tissues with a portion of the internal oblique muscle flap raised with the same pedicle. In addition, this flap's soft tissue will epithelialize during the healing stages. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Variability of the recessive oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy phenotype
Authors: Semmler Alexander , Kress Wolfram , Vielhaber Stefan , Schröder Rolf , Kornblum Cornelia 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is usually transmitted as an autosomal‐dominant trait and characterized by an expansion from 6 to 8 or more GCG/GCA repeats in the poly‐(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) gene on chromosome 14q11. Autosomal‐recessive OPMD with a homozygous (GCG)7 expansion of PABPN1 has only been described in two Canadian patients, who showed a comparably mild phenotype, suggesting that it is less severe than the dominant form. We clinically and genetically characterized the first two reported cases of autosomal‐recessive OPMD in Europe. Remarkably, both patients revealed severe and diverse phenotypes, with an unusual onset and atypical clinical course in one patient. Former studies found a 1%–2% frequency of the (GCG)7 allele, which theoretically produces an incidence of 1:10,000 of autosomal‐recessive OPMD in the general population. We conclude that the apparent rarity of the autosomal‐recessive form of OPMD may be due to the fact that genetic testing is generally administered only to patients with typical clinical features or a positive family history. Muscle Nerve, 2007