bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
88  The adjustable continence therapy (PROACT™) for the treatment of post‐prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence: a comparison of two techniques
Authors: GILLING P.J. , KENNETT K.M. , WESTENBERG A.M. , FRAUNDORFER M.R. , WILSON L.M. , BELL D.F. 
Published: February 2006

Introduction:  The Adjustable Continence Therapy (ProACT™) consists of two postoperatively adjustable balloons placed either at the level of bladder neck in postradical prostatectomy patients or, more recently, at the level of the apex in patients with residual prostate tissue. We compared the efficacy of ProACT in post radical and benign surgery patients.Materials and Methods:  Thirty postradical prostatectomy (RP) and seven postbenign surgery have been evaluated beyond 6 months follow up. Three of the RP and one in the benign group had also undergone radiation therapy. Baseline assessment of pad usage; Quality of Life questionaries and assessment of adverse events were repeated at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months.Results:  Mean follow‐up was 18.9 months in the RP group and 27.8 months in the benign group. Pad usage in the RP and postbenign group decreased from 2.6 and 3.8 at baseline to 0.7 and 1.2 at 6 months; 0.5 and 1 at 12 months; 0.6 and 1 at 24 months and 0.4 and 0.7 at 36 months respectively. Quality of Life increased in the RP and benign group from 49.6 and 49.7 at baseline to 71.7 and 77.9 at 6 months; 74.9 and 78.6 at 12 months; 70.6 and 76.1 at 24 months and 88 and 86.5 at 36 months respectively. Adverse events including balloon migration (two) and infection (three) were managed by outpatient removal and further re‐implantation.Conclusions:  The results appear similar in both groups, though different techniques are required.
Comparing clinical and lay accounts of the diagnosis and treatment of back pain
Authors: Ong Bie Nio , Hooper Helen 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper builds on the body of knowledge concerning clinician‐patient relationships, patient‐centred care and concordance. It extends the analysis to directly comparing patient and professional accounts of diagnosis, treatment and outcomes over time. Comparisons will be made between lay and clinical perspectives, but also between different professional approaches and patients’ assessment of those differences. The paper is based upon an in‐depth qualitative analysis of two case studies: first, one patient who established concordant relationships with the health professionals who treated her back pain; second, one patient who had both concordant and discordant relationships with health professionals. The issues explored centre on the determinants of concordant/discordant therapeutic relationships and whether greater attention given to the meaning of illness leads to improved care.
The body as interactive display: examining bodies in a public exhibition
Authors: Von Lehm Dirk 
Published: February 2006

Abstract‘Body Worlds’ is an exhibition of human bodies that is currently touring Europe, the Far East and the USA. The public display of ‘real’ human bodies has caused public controversy and debate about the moral and educational value of the exhibition. Relatively little academic research, however, has been undertaken to explore how visitors see and reflect on the exhibits. In this journal, Tony Walter recently examined messages people left in the exhibition's comment‐books to reveal how people saw the bodies. His investigation provides interesting insights into people's understanding of and attitude to Body Worlds. This paper complements Walter's findings by analysing video‐recordings of visitors looking at the ‘plastinated’ bodies at the showing of Body Worlds in London in 2002/03. The analysis reveals how people anatomise the exhibits and consider them in the light of their knowledge and experience of ‘real’ human bodies, such as those of other people and their own. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the observations and findings from the analysis bear upon debates on Body Worlds and in the sociology of health and illness.
Maternal effort and joey growth in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)
Authors: Tobey J. R. , Andrus C. H. , Doyle L. , Thompson V. D. , Bercovitch F. B. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe extent to which sex‐biased maternal investment characterizes mammals is controversial, with less information available for evaluating patterns of maternal effort in marsupials than in placentals. Koalas Phascolarctos cinereus are size‐dimorphic animals with a lengthy period of dependency and they reside in mating systems that might favour sex‐biased maternal investment. We examined 18 years of data recorded from koalas living at the San Diego Zoo in order to examine how joey development and maternal condition might be connected. Koalas are pregnant for only 1 month, but joey emergence from the pouch does not occur until 32 weeks of age. Neither maternal condition nor age affected sex ratio at joey emergence, and both sexes had the same survivorship prospects. Koala dams transport and nurse joeys for close to 1 year, at which time the two sexes are size dimorphic. Given the poor‐quality diet of koalas, combined with maternal transport of infants who are at least 25% of maternal mass, we suggest that infant rearing poses high energetic costs on koala females. We suggest that ecological and energetic constraints have moulded koala maternal strategies such that females maximize allocation of resources to offspring, regardless of sex, in order to increase prospects for joey survivorship.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Cylindrocladium parasiticum
Authors: WRIGHT LOUWRANCE P. , WINGFIELD BRENDA D. , CROUS PEDRO W. , BRENNEMAN TIM , WINGFIELD MICHAEL J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTwelve polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Cylindrocladium parasiticum, a plant pathogen with a wide host range and the causal agent of the serious disease of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) known as cylindrocladium black rot (CBR). Polymorphism was evaluated on 17 isolates from different hosts and regions. Each locus had between two and six alleles. Cross‐species transferability tested for 20 other Cylindrocladium species found amplification only in Cylindrocladium pacificum, which is phylogenetically closely related to C. parasiticum.
Microsatellite markers for the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: BUSO G. S. C. , AMARAL Z. P. S. , BRONDANI R. P. V. , FERREIRA M. E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractEfforts to develop molecular tools for genetic analysis and breeding of common bean in the tropics are still limited. The number of microsatellite markers available for the crop is small compared to other crops of similar social and economic importance. As part of a project to broaden the use of molecular tools in bean breeding, a genomic library enriched for AG/TC repeat sequences was constructed for Phaseolus vulgaris. Twenty microsatellite markers were initially developed and 10 were characterized using a panel of 85 representative accessions of the bean gene bank. The number of alleles per marker ranged from three to 10. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.23 to 0.80. The results indicate that the new markers can be readily used in genetically analysis of common bean.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in the European green crab (Carcinus maenas)
Authors: TEPOLT CAROLYN K. , BAGLEY MARK J. , GELLER JONATHAN B. , BLUM MICHAEL J. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract Carcinus maenas (Decapoda: Portunidae) has proven a highly successful invasive marine species whose potential economic and ecological impacts are of great concern worldwide. Here, we characterize 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci in C. maenas and its sister species Carcinus aestuarii. These markers will prove useful for fine‐scale genetic analyses of native and introduced populations, for assessment of the sources and routes of invasion and for evaluation of post‐invasion population dynamics.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the gudgeon, Gobio gobio (Cyprinidae)
Authors: KNAPEN DRIES , TAYLOR MARTIN I. , BLUST RONNY , VERHEYEN ERIK 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA total of seven polymorphic microsatellite loci from Gobio gobio were isolated and characterized. A preliminary population survey of 82 specimens from four populations, located in a downstream pollution gradient of cadmium and zinc, demonstrated the usefulness of these primers both in population genetic studies in general, as well as in evaluating the effects of anthropogenic pollution on genetic structure. Overall locus polymorphism ranged from two to 13 alleles. Observed heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.39 to 0.73.
Isolation and characterization of new microsatellite markers from the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Authors: SANCHEZ C. CASTAÑO , FUJI K. , KOBAYASHI K. , HASEGAWA O. , OHARA E. , OZAKI A. , COIMBRA M. R. M. , SAKAMOTO T. , OKAMOTO N. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe isolation and characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci from a Japanese flounder partial genomic library are reported. The eight markers isolated in this study were highly polymorphic and their positions on the linkage genome map of the Japanese flounder were determined. Therefore, they are useful for ecological studies of wild populations. These markers are more effective than other markers with no information of chromosomal locations.
Serial Cardioversion by Class IC Drugs During 4 Months of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in the Goat
Authors: EIJSBOUTS SABINE , AUSMA JANNIE , BLAAUW YURI , SCHOTTEN ULRICH , DUYTSCHAEVER MATTIAS , ALLESSIE MAURITS A. 
Published: February 2006

Introduction: The success rate of pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients depends on the duration of AF. It is unknown to what extent AF‐induced structural atrial remodeling contributes to this loss of efficacy.
Methods and Results: In 10 goats, persistent AF was induced by repetitive burst pacing. During a time period of 16 weeks, the efficacy of flecainide and cibenzoline to cardiovert AF was investigated by serial cardioversion. The drugs were administered intravenously at a rate of 0.1 mg/kg/min. AF cycle length (AFCL) was continuously monitored. Drug infusion was continued until AF was successfully cardioverted or the QRS duration was prolonged about twofold. The average atrial cycle length during persistent AF was 104 ± 10 msec and did not change during the 16‐week period. The success rate of cardioversion by flecainide and cibenzoline decreased with the duration of AF from 60% to 17% and from 80% to 63%. In goats that failed to cardiovert, sinus rhythm was not restored despite a twofold prolongation of the AF cycle length (respectively from 96 ± 5 msec to 168 ± 30 msec (flecainide) and 203 ± 26 msec (cibenzoline)). The sensitivity of AF for Class IC drugs was not altered with time, and the dose‐dependent effect on AFCL remained the same (flecainide: 8 ± 5 vs 7 ± 2 msec/mg/kg (P = 0.70) and cibenzoline: 13 ± 3 vs 13 ± 5 msec/mg/kg (P = 0.95)). In animals in which cardioversion remained possible, the critical AFCL at which cardioversion occurred increased from 96 ± 5 msec to 211 msec (flecainide) and 189 ± 24 msec (cibenzoline).
Conclusions: The progressive loss of efficacy of Class IC drugs to cardiovert AF of longer duration is not due to a decrease in the sensitivity of remodeled atrial myocardium for Class IC drugs. Failure of cardioversion was due to an increase in the critical AF cycle length required for pharmacological cardioversion.
Flow‐Reversal Device for Cerebral Protection During Carotid Artery Stenting—Acute and Long‐Term Results
Authors: RABE KASJA , SUGITA JENNIFER , GÖDEL HEIKE , SIEVERT HORST 
Published: February 2006

Objective: Several types of cerebral (embolic) protection devices have been used in patients undergoing carotid stenting. This study assessed results achieved with a flow‐reversal system.
Method: Carotid stenting was performed in 56 patients (mean age, 68 ± 9 years). The mean percentage of stenosis was 77%± 10%. During the procedure, cerebral protection was achieved by means of balloon occlusion of the common and external carotid artery with use of a Parodi Anti‐Emboli System. The patients' neurologic status was assessed during the intervention; at discharge; 1, 6, and 12 months after the procedure; and yearly thereafter.
Results: The procedure was technically successful in all cases. One patient had a minor stroke 6 hours after the intervention. No major strokes, deaths, or myocardial infarctions occurred. During long‐term follow‐up (to 40 months), 2 patients died of a secondary complication after intracerebral bleeding and stroke and 1 died as a result of ventricular fibrillation. Restenosis did not exceed 50% of vessel diameter in any patient.
Conclusions: The acute results indicate that proximal occlusion and flow reversal for cerebral protection during carotid stenting is a safe and effective method. The low restenosis and complication rate during long‐term follow‐up is in accordance with other series of carotid angioplasty and shows that the occlusion balloons do not cause any long‐term side effects.
Vascular Complications with Newer Generations of Angioseal Vascular Closure Devices
Authors: APPLEGATE ROBERT J. , SACRINTY MATTHEW , KUTCHER MICHAEL A. , GANDHI SANJAY K. , BAKI TALAL T. , SANTOS RENATO M. , LITTLE WILLIAM C. 
Published: February 2006

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of newer generations of a single vascular closure device (VCD), Angioseal, compared to contemporaneous manual compression.
Background: Previous assessment of VCD safety and efficacy has been based primarily on outcomes associated with the original VCD. Few data exist comparing safety and efficacy of modifications of the original VCDs.
Methods: We evaluated in‐hospital outcomes of patients undergoing diagnostic cath and percutaneous coronary intervention at a single center: 3,898 with manual compression and 3,898 with the Angioseal VCD. Three generations of the Angioseal device were studied: Generation 1, 7/97–4/00; Generation 2, 5/00–6/02; and Generation 3, 7/02–12/03. Propensity analysis was used to match patients within each generation for clinical and procedural covariates.
Results: Closure success was 98.5% for Generation 1, 98.6% for Generation 2, and 98.1% for Generation 3, P = NS. The odds ratio for any vascular complication comparing Angioseal to manual compression was 0.92 (0.42–2.01) for Generation 1; 0.83 (0.49–1.41) for Generation 2; and 0.75 (0.32–1.77) for Generation 3. Multivariate logistic regression identified closure success and Angioseal device Generation 3 versus Generation 1 as predictive of reduced vascular complications during the entire study period.
Conclusion: These data indicate that the newest generation of the Angioseal VCD is at least as effective as the original device. Moreover, use of the Angioseal VCD was associated with vascular complications similar to or lower than vascular complications following manual compression for each generation of Angioseal device analyzed.
Schizoaffective disorder – the reliability of its clinical diagnostic use
Authors: Vollmer‐Larsen A. , Jacobsen T. B. , Hemmingsen R. , Parnas J. 
Published: February 2006

Objective:  Patients with psychoses often suffer from affective symptoms. The originally broad concept of schizoaffective disorder (SAD) has been significantly narrowed, transformed into a convoluted set of criteria both in the ICD‐10 and DSM‐IV. We examined the reliability of the clinical use of this diagnosis in university settings.Method:  All patients discharged from two university hospitals in Copenhagen in year 2002 with a diagnosis of ICD‐10 SAD (n = 59) were re‐evaluated using the Operational Criteria (OPCRIT) checklist expanded by additional items and applied to hospital chart material. Diagnoses were allocated by OPCRIT algorithm and by consensus of two psychiatrists.Results:  No patients fulfilled the SAD lifetime diagnosis according to DSM‐IV criteria and the raters diagnosed only six patients as possible ICD‐10 SAD.Conclusion:  A moratorium on the clinical use of the SAD diagnosis is suggested.
Occlusal interference during mastication can cause pathological tooth mobility
Authors: Ishigaki S. , Kurozumi T. , Morishige E. , Yatani H. 
Published: February 2006

Background and Objective:  Despite little evidence regarding the relationship between tooth mobility and nonworking contact, the evaluation of occlusion is performed mainly by the detection of premature and/or nonworking contacts during tapping movements and lateral excursion. The hypothesis of this study is that occlusal contact during mastication is potentially traumatic to periodontal tissue. It clarifies the relationship between chewing patterns and the status of periodontal tissue.Material and Methods:  Subjects included 73 adults, 20–29 years of age (39 men and 34 women), with complete sets of teeth and no history of orthodontic treatment or periodontal disease. The closing chewing patterns of each subject were classified into three groups by the Masticatory Deviation Index, which depicts the deviation from the normal chewing patterns within 5 mm from the intercuspal position. Periotest® was used to diagnose teeth mobility and the values were compared among the three groups.Results:  The present study indicates that the chewing movements which deviated from the normal chewing movements increased the mobility of specific types of teeth.Conclusion:  The results of this study imply a relationship between chewing movements and tooth mobility and indicate that functional evaluation of occlusion is necessary for the examination of periodontal tissue. Occlusal evaluation with border and tapping movements might be insufficient, and functional occlusal evaluation during chewing movements can be clinically useful for using to evaluate periodontal tissue.
Where are the sources of the near-infrared background?
Authors: Salvaterra Ruben , Ferrara Andrea 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
The observed near-infrared background excess over light from known galaxies is commonly ascribed to redshifted radiation from early, very massive, Population III (Pop III) stars. We show here that this interpretation must be discarded as it largely overpredicts the number of J-dropouts and Lyα emitters in ultradeep field searches. Independently of the detailed physics of Lyα line emission, J-dropouts limit the background excess fraction due to Pop III sources to be (at best) ⩽1/24. As alternative explanations can either be rejected (e.g. miniquasars, decaying neutrinos) or appear unlikely (zodiacal light), but the reality of the excess is supported by the interpretation of the angular fluctuations, the origin of this component remains very puzzling. We briefly discuss possible hints to solve the problem.
XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the ultra-compact binary RX J1914 + 24
Authors: Ramsay Gavin , Cropper Mark , Hakala Pasi 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
The nature of the X-ray source RX J1914 + 24 has been the subject of much debate. It shows a prominent period of 569 s in X-rays and the optical/infrared: in most models this has been interpreted as the binary orbital period. We present our analysis of new XMM–Newton and Chandra data. We find a longer term trend in the XMM–Newton data and power at 553 and 584 s in five sets of data. It is not clear if they are produced as a result of a beat between a longer intrinsic period and the 569-s modulation or if they are due to secular variations. We obtain a good fit to the XMM–Newton spectrum with a low-temperature thermal plasma model with an edge at 0.83 keV. This model implies an unabsorbed bolometric X-ray luminosity of 1 × 1033 erg s−1 (for a distance of 1 kpc) – this is 2 orders of magnitude lower than our previous estimate (derived using a different model). If the distance is much less, as the absorption derived from the X-ray fits suggest, then the X-ray luminosity is even lower at ∼ 3 × 1031 erg s−1.
A generic relation between baryonic and radiative energy densities of stars
Authors: Mitra A. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
By using elementary astrophysical concepts, we show that for any self-luminous astrophysical object the ratio of radiation energy density inside the body (ρr) and the baryonic energy density (ρ0) may be crudely approximated, in the Newtonian limit, as ρr/ρ0∝GM/Rc2, where G is constant of gravitation, c is the speed of light, M is gravitational mass and R is the radius of the body. The key idea is that radiation quanta must move out in a diffusive manner rather than stream freely inside the body of the star. When one would move to the extreme general relativistic case, i.e. if the surface gravitational redshift z≫ 1, it is found that ρr/ρ0∝ (1 +z). Earlier treatments of gravitational collapse, in contrast, generally assumed ρr/ρ0≪ 1. Thus, actually, during continued general relativistic gravitational collapse to the black hole state (z→∞), the collapsing matter may essentially become an extremely hot fireball with ρr/ρ0≫ 1, a la the very early Universe, even though the observed luminosity of the body as seen by a faraway observer L∞∝ (1 +z)−1→ 0 as z→∞, and the collapse might appear as ‘adiabatic’.
INFLUENCE OF NATIVE LIPIDS ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WHEAT FLOUR DOUGH AND GLUTEN
Authors: GEORGOPOULOS T. , LARSSON H. , ELIASSON A.‐C. 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACT We report on the viscoelastic properties of dough and gluten (prepared by ultracentrifugation) after the flour lipids had been removed by solvents differing in polarity (chloroform, ethanol and diethylether). The extracted lipids were fractionated by thin layer chromatography. The flours differed in lipid composition after the extraction. Ethanol removed more polar lipids than the other solvents. Removal of lipids (0.6–0.9% on flour weight) altered the viscoelastic properties of dough significantly, whereas those of gluten were only marginally affected. The storage modulus (G′) of dough increased with used solvent polarity. The highest value of G′ was observed for the dough made with the flour where the lipids were removed by ethanol. This was consistent with a marked decrease in the frequency dependence of G′ of dough when the lipids were removed.
INSTRUMENTAL TEXTURE OF A TYPICAL SPANISH CONFECTIONERY PRODUCT XIXONA TURRON AS AFFECTED BY COMMERCIAL CATEGORY AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY
Authors: VÁZQUEZ‐ARAÚJO L. , VERDÚ A. , MURCIA R. , BURLÓ F. , CARBONELL‐BARRACHINA A.A. 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACT Three different instrumental tests, Magness–Taylor, compression and texture profile analysis (TPA), were used to study the hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness of Xixona turron products from three commercial categories: (1) extra; (2) supreme; and (3) improved supreme (IS), and four manufacturing companies. All three tests succeed in finding softer products of one of the companies because of the presence of a fraction of the noninverted product trapped in the final product because of homogenization difficulties with the highly viscous mass during the inversion process step. The TPA provided more information than the other two tests. Manufacturers are aware of consumers' demands for softer and nonoily Xixona turron, and these characteristics are sought in their star products, IS, through optimization of the time and temperature values in the boixet process and the use of longer standing periods to eliminate residual amounts of oil.