bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the effects of introducing an emergency transport system in low-income and middle-income countries: a spatial-epidemiological modelling study
Authors: Scandrett Katie , Lilford Richard , Nepogodiev Dmitri , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Davies Justine , Tabiri Stephen , Watson Samuel I 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionMany low-income and middle-income countries lack an organised emergency transportation system, leaving people to arrange informal transport to hospital in the case of a medical emergency. Estimating the effect of implementing an emergency transport system is impractical and expensive, so there is a lack of evidence to support policy and investment decisions. Alternative modelling strategies may be able to fill this gap.MethodsWe have developed a spatial-epidemiological model of emergency transport for life-threatening conditions. The model incorporates components to both predict travel times across an area of interest under different scenarios and predict survival for emergency conditions as a function of time to receive care. We review potentially relevant data sources for different model parameters. We apply the model to the illustrative case study of providing emergency transport for postpartum haemorrhage in Northern Ghana.ResultsThe model predicts that the effects of an ambulance service are likely to be ephemeral, varying according to local circumstances such as population density and road networks. In our applied example, the introduction of the ambulance service may save 40 lives (95% credible interval 5 to 111), or up to 107 lives (95% credible interval −293 to –13) may be lost across the region in a year, dependent on various model assumptions and parameter specifications. Maps showing the probability of reduced transfer time with the ambulance service may be particularly useful and allow for resource allocation planning.ConclusionsAlthough there is scope for improvement in our model and in the data available to populate the model and inform parameter choices, we believe this work provides a foundation for pioneering methodology to predict the effect of introducing an ambulance system. Our spatial-epidemiological model includes much oppurtunity for flexibility and can be updated as required to best represent a chosen case study.
Global, regional and national burdens of bipolar disorders in adolescents and young adults: a trend analysis from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Zhong Yunxi , Chen Yifan , Su Xiaoying , Wang Meiqi , Li Qixiu , Shao Ziming , Sun Long 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundBipolar disorder is identified as a cause of severe damage to the physical, psychological and social functioning of adolescents and young adults.AimsThe aim of this study is to ascertain the trends in the burden of bipolar disorder among individuals aged 10–24 years at global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2019.MethodsThe data analysed in this study were from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019. The numbers, rates per 100 000 population, average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) of incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of bipolar disorder are reported at the global, regional and national levels among individuals aged 10–24 years. Global trends by age, sex and Social Development Index (SDI) were further analysed.ResultsGlobally, the incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults increased from 79.21 per 100 000 population (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 58.13 to 105.15) in 1990 to 84.97 per 100 000 population (95% UI: 61.73 to 113.46) in 2019, AAPC 0.24 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22 to 0.26). In the past three decades, there has been an increase in incidence, prevalence and YLDs in both males and females. The largest increase in incidence between 1990 and 2019 was observed in those aged 20–24 years old (from 51.76 per 100 000 population (95% UI: 26.81 to 87.20) in 1990 to 58.37 per 100 000 population (95% UI: 30.39 to 98.55) in 2019; AAPC 0.42 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.47)). By the SDI quintile, the largest increase in incidence was observed in the middle SDI; however, the high SDI countries had the highest incidence. Regionally, the largest increase in incidence was observed in southern Latin America. At the national level, the most pronounced increase in the incidence was in Greenland.ConclusionsThe global increase in incidence among adolescents and young adults between 1990 and 2019 indicates that strategies to improve their mental health still need to be emphasised.
Association of healthy lifestyle behaviours with incident irritable bowel syndrome: a large population-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Ho Fai Fai , Sun Hui , Zheng Hong , Wong David C N , Gao Yin-Yan , Mao Chen , Cheung Yin Ting , Lam Chun Sing , Wang Maggie H , Wu Irene Xin-Yin , Wu Justin C Y , Chung Vincent C H 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between healthy lifestyle behaviours and the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).DesignPopulation-based prospective cohort study.SettingThe UK Biobank.Participants64 268 adults aged 37 to 73 years who had no IBS diagnosis at baseline were enrolled between 2006 and 2010 and followed up to 2022.Main exposureThe five healthy lifestyle behaviours studied were never smoking, optimal sleep, high level of vigorous physical activity, high dietary quality and moderate alcohol intake.Main outcome measureThe incidence of IBS.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 12.6 years, 961 (1.5%) incident IBS cases were recorded. Among the 64 268 participants (mean age 55.9 years, 35 342 (55.0%) female, 7604 (11.8%) reported none of the five healthy lifestyle behaviours, 20 662 (32.1%) reported 1 behaviour, 21 901 (34.1%) reported 2 behaviours and 14 101 (21.9%) reported 3 to 5 behaviours at baseline. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios associated with having 1, 2 and 3 to 5 behaviours for IBS incidence were 0.79 (95% confidence intervals 0.65 to 0.96), 0.64 (0.53 to 0.78) and 0.58 (0.46 to 0.72), respectively (P for trend <0.001). Never smoking (0.86, 0.76 to 0.98, P=0.02), high level of vigorous physical activity (0.83, 0.73 to 0.95, P=0.006) and optimal sleep (0.73, 0.60 to 0.88, P=0.001) demonstrated significant independent inverse associations with IBS incidence. No significant interactions were observed between these associations and age, sex, employment status, geographic location, gastrointestinal infection, endometriosis, family history of IBS or lifestyle behaviours.ConclusionsAdhering to a higher number of healthy lifestyle behaviours is significantly associated with a lower incidence of IBS in the general population. Our findings suggest the potential of lifestyle modifications as a primary prevention strategy for IBS.
Pain and functional neurological disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Steinruecke Moritz , Mason Isabel , Keen Mairi , McWhirter Laura , Carson Alan J , Stone Jon , Hoeritzauer Ingrid 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundFunctional neurological disorder (FND) is characterised by neurological symptoms, such as seizures and abnormal movements. Despite its significance to patients, the clinical features of chronic pain in people with FND, and of FND in people with chronic pain, have not been comprehensively studied.MethodsWe systematically reviewed PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO for studies of chronic pain in adults with FND and FND in patients with chronic pain. We described the proportions of patients reporting pain, pain rating and timing, pain-related diagnoses and responsiveness to treatment. We performed random effects meta-analyses of the proportions of patients with FND who reported pain or were diagnosed with pain-related disorders.ResultsSeven hundred and fifteen articles were screened and 64 were included in the analysis. Eight case–control studies of 3476 patients described pain symptoms in a higher proportion of patients with FND than controls with other neurological disorders. A random effects model of 30 cohorts found that an estimated 55% (95% CI 46% to 64%) of 4272 patients with FND reported pain. Random effects models estimated diagnoses of complex regional pain syndrome in 22% (95% CI 6% to 39%) of patients, irritable bowel syndrome in 16% (95% CI 9% to 24%) and fibromyalgia in 10% (95% CI 8% to 13%). Five studies of FND diagnoses among 361 patients with chronic pain were identified. Most interventions for FND did not ameliorate pain, even when other symptoms improved.ConclusionsPain symptoms and pain-related diagnoses are common in FND. Classification systems and treatments should routinely consider pain as a comorbidity in patients with FND.
Ethnic inequalities among NHS staff in England: workplace experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rhead Rebecca , Harber-Aschan Lisa , Onwumere Juliana , Polling Catherine , Dorrington Sarah , Ehsan Annahita , Stevelink Sharon A M , Khunti Kamlesh , Mir Ghazala , Morriss Richard , Wessely Simon , Woodhead Charlotte , Hatch Stephani 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to determine how workplace experiences of National Health Service (NHS) staff varied by ethnicity during the COVID-19 pandemic and how these experiences are associated with mental and physical health at the time of the study.MethodsAn online Inequalities Survey was conducted by the Tackling Inequalities and Discrimination Experiences in Health Services study in collaboration with NHS CHECK. This Inequalities Survey collected measures relating to workplace experiences (such as personal protective equipment (PPE), risk assessments, redeployments and discrimination) as well as mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7)), and physical health (PHQ-15) from NHS staff working in the 18 trusts participating with the NHS CHECK study between February and October 2021 (N=4622).ResultsRegression analysis of this cross-sectional data revealed that staff from black and mixed/other ethnic groups had greater odds of experiencing workplace harassment (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.43 (95% CI 1.56 to 3.78) and 2.38 (95% CI 1.12 to 5.07), respectively) and discrimination (AOR 4.36 (95% CI 2.73 to 6.96) and 3.94 (95% CI 1.67 to 9.33), respectively) compared with white British staff. Staff from black ethnic groups also had greater odds than white British staff of reporting PPE unavailability (AOR 2.16 (95% CI 1.16 to 4.00)). Such workplace experiences were associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes, though this association varied by ethnicity. Conversely, understanding employment rights around redeployment, being informed about and having the ability to inform redeployment decisions were associated with lower odds of poor physical and mental health.ConclusionsStructural changes to the way staff from ethnically minoritised groups are supported, and how their complaints are addressed by leaders within the NHS are urgently required.
Gravitational effects in a superconducting film struck by a laser pulse
Authors: Ummarino G. A. , Gallerati A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study the local interaction of the gravitational field with a superfluid condensate. To this end, we exploit the Ginzburg–Landau formalism with generalized Maxwell fields. The analysis shows that a slight local alteration of the gravitational field in a thin superconducting film can be achieved by laser pulses with particular characteristics.
Resolved photons in Sherpa
Authors: Höche Stefan , Krauss Frank , Meinzinger Peter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present the first complete simulation framework, in the "Image missing" event generator, for resolved photon interactions at next-to leading order accuracy. It includes photon spectra obtained through the equivalent-photon approximation, parton distribution functions to parametrize the hadronic structure of quasi-real photons, the matching of the parton shower to next-to leading order QCD calculations for resolved photon cross sections, and the modelling of multiple-parton interactions. We validate our framework against a wide range of photo-production data from "Image missing" and "Image missing" experiments, observing good overall agreement. We identify important future steps relevant for high-quality simulations at the planned Electron–Ion Collider.
Corrigendum to “The discriminant of compositum of algebraic number fields”
Authors: Khanduja Sudesh Kaur 
Published: February 2024

We point out that there is an error in the proof of Theorem 1.1 in [The discriminant of compositum of algebraic number fields, Int. J. Number Theory 15 (2019) 353–360]. We also prove that the result of this theorem holds with an additional hypothesis. However, it is an open problem whether the result of the theorem is true in general or not.
The transcendence of growth constants associated with polynomial recursions
Authors: Kumar Veekesh 
Published: February 2024

Let [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], be a polynomial of degree [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a sequence of integers satisfying [Formula: see text] Set [Formula: see text]. Then, under the assumption [Formula: see text], in a recent result by [A. Dubickas, Transcendency of some constants related to integer sequences of polynomial iterations, Ramanujan J. 57 (2022) 569–581], either [Formula: see text] is transcendental or [Formula: see text] can be an integer or a quadratic Pisot unit with [Formula: see text] being its conjugate over [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study the nature of such [Formula: see text] without the assumption that [Formula: see text] is in [Formula: see text], and we prove that either the number [Formula: see text] is transcendental, or [Formula: see text] is a Pisot number with [Formula: see text] being the order of the torsion subgroup of the Galois closure of the number field [Formula: see text]. Other results presented in this paper investigate the solutions of the inequality [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], considering whether [Formula: see text] is rational or irrational. Here, [Formula: see text] represents a number field, and [Formula: see text]. The notation [Formula: see text] denotes the distance between [Formula: see text] and its nearest integer in [Formula: see text].
Near-squares in binary recurrence sequences
Authors: Tzanakis Nikos , Voutier Paul 
Published: February 2024

We call an integer a near-square if its absolute value is a square or a prime times a square. We investigate such near-squares in the binary recurrence sequences defined for integers [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. We show that for a given [Formula: see text], there is at most one [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is a near-square. With the exceptions of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], any such [Formula: see text] can be a near-square only if [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is prime and [Formula: see text].This is a part of a more general phenomenon regarding near-squares in nondegenerate recurrence sequences defined for the integers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. This arises from a novel Aurifeuillean-type factorization of [Formula: see text] we have found.
UAV-Based Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review, Current Trends, and Research Challenges
Authors: Betti Sorbelli Francesco 
Published: February 2024

The rising popularity of drones significantly impacts package delivery services, offering both unique opportunities and challenges. This survey explores the diverse applications of drones for last-mile deliveries, highlighting their capacity to access remote areas and create new business prospects. Use cases, ranging from critical medical deliveries to addressing COVID-19 pandemic needs, underscore the transformative potential of drone technology. While recognizing drones’ eco-friendly attributes in eliminating harmful gas emissions, the survey addresses battery constraints, necessitating an investigation into physical energy models to extend flight autonomy. This becomes crucial for operational capabilities, especially in adverse weather conditions. A reliable communication infrastructure is crucial for the success of drone operations in package delivery, especially during unexpected events, as seamless connectivity plays a key role in facilitating efficient control and monitoring between ground stations and drones. This enables dynamic rerouting, enhancing overall delivery reliability. The survey explores innovative approaches, including collaborations with other vehicles like trucks, trains, and buses, optimizing the last-mile delivery process. Despite the transformative potential, concerns about privacy, security, safety, and risk management in drone delivery are acknowledged. The work also emphasizes responsible and ethical implementation, considering diverse concerns associated with widespread adoption.
In contrast to existing survey articles focused on specific technical aspects, this comprehensive survey broadens its scope. It covers ethical issues, sustainability aspects, healthcare systems, physics models, innovative approaches, reliable communications, security and safety concerns, and real test-beds in drone-based delivery systems. The survey not only identifies potential applications and tackles technical challenges but also integrates broader considerations. In addition, this work extensively explores the motivations, lessons learned, and future directions in the realm of drone delivery. Analyzing existing literature, it provides valuable insights for researchers, industry professionals, policymakers, and stakeholders keen on understanding the dynamic evolution of drone technology in the package delivery domain.
The effect of artificial light at night on a nocturnal primate
Authors: Gursky Sharon , Grow Nanda 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbance is a major threat to biodiversity. An anthropogenic disturbance that is rarely addressed for nonhuman primates is the effect of artificial light at night (ALAN) which is defined by the spread of artificial lighting at night which eliminates natural darkness. Artificial light at night can result from streetlights, or indirectly from sky glow (artificial light that is scattered and reflected back to earth by the atmosphere). Research has demonstrated that artificial lighting causes changes in animal behavior, reproductive success, survivorship, as well as can alter the composition of the communities. The goal of this paper is to explore how the behavior of spectral tarsiers, Tarsius spectrumgurskyae, is modified in response to artificial light. We conducted this study at Tangkoko Nature Reserve on the easternmost tip of the northern arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results of this study suggest that in response to artificial light tarsiers increase their time spent travelling and foraging, left their sleeping sites earlier and returned to them later thereby extending their daily activity time. The tarsiers also left their sleeping trees at lower heights, gave fewer vocalizations and fewer alarm calls each night in response to the additional artificial light. The tarsier’s lengthened night might be leading to a change in interspecific competition for food as well as increase the ability of potential predators to locate the tarsiers. Additional research on the effect of ALAN on primates is clearly needed.
Intra-Party Democracy in Tanzania: Assessing Competitiveness of Party Leadership Selection
Authors: Kaijage Melkisedek 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study assessed competitiveness in selecting party chairpersons in Tanzania and the factors that shape the competitiveness. Data were generated from interviews with 27 stakeholders, structured questionnaires administered to 60 party members and a content analysis of official party documents. The study revealed that the selections are generally not competitive when assessed against parameters such as incumbent success rate, number of candidates and vote share among them and role of party Conventions. Specifically, possibility to defeat incumbents is generally very low while the selections mostly feature one candidate who amasses almost all votes. To camouflage competition, leadership selections in CUF and CHADEMA occasionally feature more than one candidate while single candidacy remains a strongly established tradition in CCM. Yet, delegates to party Conventions seem to be highly influenced by sitting chairpersons in selecting their new leaders. The findings reveal how intra-party democratic deficit normally builds itself around power centers of the party thus calling for further studies on intra-party democracy to use the party leadership as their point of departure. Practically, relevant laws should be redefined while also strengthening their enforcement mechanisms to compel political parties to cherish democratic principles in their internal businesses.
Deciphering the Baʿal Shem Ṭov’s Legacy as Crafted by His Disciple Jacob Joseph Using Distant Reading Digital Tools
Authors: Sachs-Shmueli Leore 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article aims to decipher distinctive conceptual characteristics attributed to the legendary founder of Ḥasidism, Israel Baʿal Shem Ṭov, as documented by his faithful disciple, Jacob Joseph of Polonnoye (1710–1784). I endeavor to demonstrate how a quantitative analysis of the earliest testimonies of Beshtian teachings can improve our understanding of the interplay between major concepts within these teachings. To achieve this objective, I apply a combination of statistical tools of distant reading with textual analysis of close reading. It will reveal singular characteristics of the reported teachings of the Beshṭ, while distinguishing them from the textual corpus into which they were integrated, Jacob Joseph’s writings: Sefer Toldot Yaʿaqov Yosef (1780), Ben Porat Yosef (1781), and Ṣafnat Paʿneaḥ (1782). The results indicate a significant focus on negativity—moral, emotional, and conditional—as well as verbs that offer followers guidance regarding how to overcome these negative aspects of the human experience.
Center-Staging Decolonial and Southern Thinking for Hopeful Epistemic-Existentially Sustainable Futures
Authors: Bagga-Gupta Sangeeta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The essay presented in this paper constitutes a reflection based on my explorations of transcending siloed academic areas from Southern or Decolonial frameworks generally and on my reading of the 572-page, 2023 volume Decolonizing The Mind. A guide to decolonial theory and practice by Sandew Hira published by Amrit Publishers more specifically. Aligning with emerging discussions regarding the need to trouble the colonially framed ways of mainstream academia and academic writing itself, I – like an increasing number of scholars, including Sandew Hira – attempt to present these reflections in what may appear as unconventional writing. This paper is organized in six sections that talk to the human condition across the territories of the contemporary planet based on situating and historicizing its narrative as a response to emerging decolonial waves that have so far marked academic settings differently across the global North and the global South, including my open-ended reading of Sandew Hira’s 2023 volume. In lieu of a standard summary, this reflective paper functions as an expanded teaser to the volumes rich and troubling offerings.