bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Social Validity of the FRIENDS Treatment Program for Anxious Children
Authors: Barrett Paula M. , Shortt Alison L. , Fox Tara L. , Wescombe Katrina 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study conducted the first evaluation of elements of social validity of the FRIENDS program, a cognitive-behavioural treatment package for childhood anxiety disorders. Parents, children, and adolescents were surveyed over time on their global satisfaction with the program, the acceptability of treatment components, and the completion of homework tasks. Results indicated a high level of satisfaction with the FRIENDS program and a high completion rate of homework tasks. Contrary to expectations, children rated the cognitive skills as more useful than adolescents did. Adolescents reported the behavioural strategy of graded exposure as more useful than other strategies. In addition, the relationship between treatment acceptability and clinical outcome was not significant. Limitations of the study and directions for further research are discussed.
The Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in Children: The Immediate and Long-term Outcomes of a School-based Program
Authors: Pattison Clare , Lynd-Stevenson Robert M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe ability of a school-based program with training in both cognitive and social skills to prevent depressive symptoms in children (the Penn Prevention Program) was evaluated. Research conducted in Australia has failed to replicate the success of the program in the United States. Also evaluated was the ability of the program to reduce the symptoms of anxiety, the assumption that changes in social skills and cognitive style would be associated with changes in symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the relative merits of the cognitive and social components of the program. Sixty-three children in fifth and sixth grades were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. There was no evidence that the Penn Prevention Program had any impact on the variables measured at the end of the program or at the 8-month follow-up assessment. Limitations and implications of the present findings are discussed.
Clinical Supervision in Four Mental Health Professions: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Spence Susan H. , Wilson Jill , Kavanagh David , Strong Jenny , Worrall Linda 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper examines a range of theoretical issues and the empirical evidence relating to clinical supervision in four mental health professions, namely clinical psychology, occupational therapy, social work, and speech pathology. Despite the widespread acceptance of the value of supervision among practitioners and the large quantity of literature on the topic, there is very little empirical evidence in this area. It is not clear whether supervision actually produces a change in clinician behaviour, nor whether it produces benefits in terms of client outcomes. To date, there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate which styles of supervision are most beneficial for particular types of staff, in terms of their level of experience or learning style. The data suggest that directive forms of supervision, rather than unstructured approaches, are preferred by relatively inexperienced practitioners, and that experienced clinicians also value direct supervision methods when learning new skills or dealing with complex or crisis situations. The available evidence suggests that supervisors typically receive little training in supervision methods. However, to date, we have little information to guide us as to the most effective ways of training supervisors. While acknowledging the urgent need for research, the paper concludes that supervision is likely to form a valuable component of professional development for mental health professionals.
The Relationships Between Migration, Social Support, and Social Integration on Quality of Life
Authors: Foroughi E. , Misajon R. , Cummins R.A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPast research indicates that humans have a remarkable ability to maintain normal levels of subjective wellbeing despite adverse objective circumstances. This suggests that such wellbeing may be held under homeostatic control. This paper investigates some of the potential factors that may contribute to this homeostatic mechanism, in response to the major life event of migration. Three groups were examined: Persian immigrants to Australia (Persian-Australians), non-Persian Australians, and Persians residing in Iran. A total of 330 subjects were recruited. A notable finding was that all three groups did not differ in regard to subjective wellbeing, despite the Persian-Australians being a minority ethnic group in Australia, and the Persians having significantly lower objective life quality. The Persian-Australians who migrated at an older age reported lower subjective quality of life, while the number of years of residence in Australia did not appear to be related to the extent of social integration. Subjective life quality was, however, related to subjective social support for the Australian and Persian samples, and to reciprocality of support for the Persian-Australians.
Changes in Hyperactivity and Temperament in Behaviourally Disturbed Preschoolers after Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)
Authors: Nixon Reginald D.V. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChanges in hyperactivity and temperament in preschool-aged children who underwent a behavioural management program with their mothers were examined. Families of 34 behaviourally disturbed preschool-aged children (aged 3–5) were randomly allocated to either parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT; Eyberg, 1988) or a waiting-list control group (WL). A group of 21 nondisturbed preschoolers was recruited as a social validation comparison condition (SV). Diagnostic status was assessed using a structured clinical interview forDSM-IVdisruptive behaviour disorders, with measures of behaviour and temperament obtained via parent report. At posttreatment, PCIT preschoolers were reported by their mothers to have reduced hyperactivity and more flexible temperament, and were less likely to meet criteria for ADHD than the WL group. By 6-month follow-up, children who had received PCIT were comparable to the SV group on ratings of oppositional behaviour and hyperactivity. The finding that a behavioural intervention may influence stable child characteristics is discussed.
The Health Belief Model and Compliance with CPAP Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Authors: Sage Claire E. , Southcott Anne-Marie , Brown Stephen L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a disorder that severely disrupts sleep and may lead to severe long- and short-term health consequences. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an effective treatment for OSA, but compliance with CPAP is often poor. Forty participants diagnosed with OSA completed a questionnaire based on the health belief model after a one-night first-time trial of CPAP treatment. After a subsequent 1-month period of CPAP use, electronic usage records were downloaded and analysed. Perceived benefits of CPAP use and perceived barriers to use showed multivariate associations with the mean number of hours of daily CPAP use, and perceived benefits of CPAP use was inversely associated with the percentage of days that CPAP was not used. Participants' confidence in their ability to use CPAP showed significant univariate, but not multivariate, relationships with both variables. Findings suggest that patients may benefit from greater levels of information and instruction in CPAP use.
Assessment of Child and Adolescent Migrants to Australia: A Crosscultural Comparison
Authors: Barrett Paula M. , Sonderegger Robi , Sonderegger Noleen L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study examines whether young migrants, differentiated by cultural background, (a) vary in their experience of cultural adjustment, emotional distress, levels of self-esteem, and coping ability, and (b) how they compare with Australian students on measures of self-esteem and coping ability. One hundred and seventy-three students differentiated by cultural origin (former-Yugoslavian, Chinese, Mixed-culture, and Australian) and school level (primary and high school) were recruited at random from public schools in South East Queensland. Students completed measures of cultural adjustment (Bicultural Involvement Questionnaire), anxiety and trauma (Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Trauma Symptom Checklist), self-esteem (Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and coping ability (Coping Scale for Children and Adolescents). The main findings from this study indicate that culturally diverse groups residing in Australia vary in their experience of cultural adaptation, level of self-esteem, and symptoms of emotional distress, illustrating culture-specific strengths and weaknesses among young non-English speaking (NESB) students. This study reveals information on how culturally diverse migrants acculturate, the type and severity of symptoms they experience, and their capacity to cope in stressful situations. The need for culture-specific early intervention and prevention programs is discussed.
Utram Bibis? Aquam an Undam? El “Encomio a Melecio” de Juan Crisóstomo
Authors: Quiroga Alberto 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe explosion in the study of late antiquity during the last generation has generated an important number of works devoted to Greek rhetoric; on the other hand, the influence of confessionalism in patristic studies has decreased. With that in mind, this paper aims to underline the importance of John Chrysostom's Encomium to Meletius and to highlight the impact of rhetoric on the internal struggles of Nicenism during the last years of the fourth century ce in Antioch.
No Way to Pick a Fight: A Note on J. C. Scaliger's First Oratio contra Erasmum
Authors: Conley Thomas M. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
In 1531, Julius Caesar Scaliger published his Oratio pro M. Tullio Cicerone contra Des. Erasmum, a scathing attack on Erasmus occasioned by the publication three years earlier of Erasmus's Dialogus Ciceronianus sive de optimo dicendi genere, which, in turn, had attacked the proponents of the view that Cicero was the best and only model for good Latin rhetorical style. Erasmus never responded in print to Scaliger's vituperative “oration” (in reality, a pamphlet meant to be circulated among the literati). This paper argues that Erasmus did not respond because Scaliger's insults were so vile and beside the point that they did not deserve serious attention. A rhetorical re-reading of the Oratio provides some insight into the “proper” conduct of insults more generally, especially as they are meant as vehicles for “upward mobility” in a Res publica litteraria.
The influence of age on the GH–IGF1 axis in patients with acromegaly
Authors: Tanimoto Keiji , Hizuka Naomi , Fukuda Izumi , Takano Kazue , Hanafusa Toshiaki 
Published: July 2008

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of age on GH and IGF1 axis, and complications in patients with acromegaly.Subjects and methodsFrom the medical records, we retrospectively analyzed clinical features and complications in 87 newly diagnosed patients with active acromegaly (34 males, 53 females; aged 18–82 years) who were admitted to Tokyo Women's Medical University between 1999 and 2006. We divided the patients into three groups according to age: ≤30 years old (young group), 31–60 years old (middle-aged group), and ≥61 years old (elderly group).ResultsThe median GH levels in young, middle-aged, and elderly groups were 18.5, 8.8, and 6.7 μg/l respectively, and the IGF1 levels were 810, 717, and 740 μg/l respectively. The values were not significantly different among the groups. However, the serum IGF1 SDS were significantly higher in the elderly group (10.2) than those in young and middle-aged groups (6.6 and 6.2 respectively, P<0.001). The age difference in the higher IGF1 SDS was remarkable in female patients. In the elderly group, glucose intolerance and hypertension were found in 94 and 53% of the patients respectively and the incidences were higher than those in the other groups.ConclusionThis study suggests that the relatively high IGF1 secretions in elderly patients might be involved in the progression of clinical complications in acromegalic patients. Therefore, awareness of the early symptoms and examination of serum GH and IGF1 are important for patients with acromegaly.
Improvement of endothelial function with metformin and rosiglitazone treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Jensterle Mojca , Sebestjen Miran , Janez Andrej , Prezelj Janez , Kocjan Tomaz , Keber Irena , Pfeifer Marija 
Published: July 2008

ObjectiveThere is evidence of preclinical cardiovascular disease even in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of our study was to assess and compare the effects of metformin (MET) and rosiglitazone (ROSI) on endothelial function in PCOS patients.MethodsFor 6 months, 26 women with PCOS received either MET or ROSI. Blood samples for assessment of androgens, lipids, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were taken at baseline and at endpoint. Endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and glyceryl trinitrate-induced endothelium-independent dilation of brachial artery were studied before and after treatment. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMAIR) calculation was applied as a measure of insulin resistance (IR).ResultsWith treatment, FMD of brachial artery improved significantly from 4.2±6.6 to 10.2±5.9% in MET group (P=0.036) and from 2.9±3.2 to 7.6±4.9% in ROSI group (P=0.026), MET being as effective as ROSI (P=0.70). The endothelium-independent dilation did not change. Additionally, administration of MET was associated with a significant decrease in HOMAIR (P=0.003), serum total and serum-free testosterone (P=0.045 and P=0.008 respectively) and significantly higher frequencies of menstrual bleeding (P=0.006).ConclusionsA 6-month therapy with insulin sensitizers, MET and ROSI, resulted in marked improvement of endothelial function in young PCOS patients without clinically evident atherosclerosis who were not severely insulin resistant. Neither drug was superior to the other. We conclude that therapeutic intervention with either insulin sensitizer may reverse the atherosclerotic process in PCOS patients at its early stage.
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Risk of Hip Fractures in Patients without Major Risk Factors
Authors: Kaye James A. , Jick Hershel 
Published: July 2008

Study Objective. To estimate the relative risk of hip fracture associated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use in a population without major risk factors.Design. A two‐phase, matched, nested case‐control study.Data Source. United Kingdom General Practice Research Database (GPRD).Patients. Phase 1 identified 4414 case patients (aged 50–79 yrs) with an incident hip fracture between 1995 and 2005 who had at least 2 years of recorded history in the GPRD; each case was matched by age, sex, and index date (date of first‐time hip fracture for cases, same date for matched controls) to up to 10 controls who did not have hip fracture. Phase 2 included the 1098 case patients identified as having no major medical risk factors for hip fracture (as assessed in phase 1) and a new set of 10,923 controls without major risk factors for hip fracture matched by sex, age, index date, and duration of history in the GPRD.Measurements and Main Results. In phase 1, we identified major medical risk factors for hip fracture. In phase 2, we restricted the study to case patients with none of these risk factors and matched them to new controls, who also had none of the risk factors. Data on use of PPIs were collected and compared between the groups. The relative risk (RR) for hip fracture among patients who received any PPI prescription was 0.9 (95% confidence interval 0.7‐1.1) compared with those with no PPI prescription. We found no evidence of an increased risk of hip fracture with increased PPI use. The RR estimates were similar in both sexes and in all age subgroups. No specific PPI was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture.Conclusion. Use of PPIs does not increase the risk of hip fracture in patients without major risk factors. The difference in results between our study and that of another, which indicated that PPI use increases the risk of hip fracture, may be due to residual confounding or effect modification in the latter study.
Thromboembolic Consequences of Subtherapeutic Anticoagulation in Patients Stabilized on Warfarin Therapy: The Low INR Study
Authors:   Warfarin‐Associated Research Projects and Other Endeavors (WARPED) Consortium, Clark Nathan P. , Witt Daniel M. , Delate Thomas , Trapp Melissa , Garcia David , Ageno Walter , Hylek Elaine M. , Crowther Mark A. 
Published: July 2008

Study Objective. To quantify the absolute risk of thromboembolism associated with a significant subtherapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) in patients with previously stable anticoagulation while receiving warfarin.Design. Retrospective, matched cohort analysis.Setting. Centralized anticoagulation service in an integrated health care delivery system.Patients. A total of 2597 adult patients receiving warfarin from January 1998‐December 2005; 1080 patients were in the low INR cohort and were matched to 1517 patients in the therapeutic INR cohort based on index INR date, indication for warfarin, and age.Measurements and Main Results. Stable, therapeutic anticoagulation was defined as two INR values, measured at least 2 weeks apart, within or above the therapeutic range. The low INR cohort included patients with a third INR value of 0.5 or more units below their therapeutic range. The therapeutic INR cohort included patients with a third therapeutic INR value and no INR value 0.2 or more units below their target INR range in the ensuing 90 days. The primary outcome was anticoagulation‐related thromboembolism during the 90 days after the index INR. Secondary outcomes were times to the first occurrence of anticoagulation‐related complications (bleeding, thromboembolism, or death) in the 90 days after the index INR. Four thromboembolic events (0.4%) occurred in the low INR cohort and one event (0.1%) in the therapeutic INR cohort (p=0.214). The differences in the proportions of thromboembolism, bleeding, or death were not significant between the cohorts (p>0.05). No significant differences were noted in the hazard of thromboembolism, bleeding, or death between the cohorts (p>0.05).Conclusion. Patients with stable INRs while receiving warfarin who experience a significant subtherapeutic INR value have a low risk of thromboembolism in the ensuing 90 days. The risk was similar to that observed in a matched control population in whom therapeutic anticoagulation was maintained. These findings do not support the practice of anticoagulant bridge therapy for patients stabilized on warfarin therapy to reduce their risk for thromboembolism during isolated periods of subtherapeutic anticoagulation.
An In Vivo‐In Vitro Study of Cefepime and Cefazolin Dialytic Clearance During High‐Flux Hemodialysis
Authors: Maynor Lena M. , Carl Daniel E. , Matzke Gary R. , Gehr Todd W. B. , Farthing Christine , Farthing Don , Brophy Donald F. 
Published: July 2008

Study Objectives. To assess the influence of in vitro and in vivo hemodialysis with a new high‐flux dialyzer on the clearance of cefazolin and cefepime; to assess the correlation of in vivo dialytic clearance of these antibiotics with blood flow rate; and to assess the correlation between in vitro and in vivo dialytic clearances of these antibiotics.Design. Prospective, open‐label, dialysis clearance study.Setting. A tertiary‐care, university health science center.Patients. Five adults who received high‐flux hemodialysis 3 times/week.Intervention. For the in vivo experiment, patients received a single intravenous infusion of cefazolin 1 g and cefepime 1 g before dialysis and then underwent a modified hemodialysis session. For the in vitro experiment, a buffered simulated plasma water (SPW) solution containing cefazolin and cefepime was used. Hemodialysis for both experiments was performed with use of a new high‐flux polysulfone dialyzer.Measurements and Main Results. Cefazolin and cefepime dialytic clearances were determined at blood and/or SPW flow rates of 100, 200, 300, and 400 ml/minute after a 15‐minute equilibration period. The degree of correlation of in vitro and in vivo clearances with blood flow rate was determined. Cefepime dialytic clearance increased proportionally with blood flow rate (p<0.01), reaching a maximum mean ± SD value of 178.9 ± 24.3 ml/minute at a blood flow rate of 400 ml/minute. Cefazolin dialytic clearance ranged from a mean ± SD of 42.3 ± 7.7 to 52.7 ± 16 ml/minute; no significant correlation was noted between blood flow rate and dialytic clearance. In vitro cefazolin and cefepime dialytic clearances increased proportionally with SPW flow rate (p<0.05). After adjusting the in vitro cefazolin and cefepime dialytic clearances based on their degrees of protein binding, the correlation between the in vitro and in vivo cefepime dialytic clearances was significant (r2=0.91, p=0.04), but no significant correlation was noted between the in vitro and in vivo cefazolin clearances (r2=0.61, p=0.22).Conclusion. The in vivo hemodialysis clearances of cefepime and cefazolin with the new high‐flux polysulfone dialyzer used in this study are markedly higher than values reported with conventional dialyzers but similar to values observed with other high‐flux hemodialyzers. The in vivo dialytic clearance of cefazolin was significantly lower than the in vitro values, most likely due to cefazolin's high degree of protein binding. These results highlight the limitation of directly applying in vitro data to clinical situations.
Pharmacogenomic Biomarker Information in Drug Labels Approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration: Prevalence of Related Drug Use
Authors: Frueh Felix W. , Amur Shashi , Mummaneni Padmaja , Epstein Robert S. , Aubert Ronald E. , DeLuca Teresa M. , Verbrugge Robert R. , Burckart Gilbert J. , Lesko Lawrence J. 
Published: July 2008

Study Objectives. To review the labels of United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved drugs to identify those that contain pharmacogenomic biomarker information, and to collect prevalence information on the use of those drugs for which pharmacogenomic information is included in the drug labeling.Design. Retrospective analysis.Data Sources. The Physicians' Desk Reference Web site, Drugs@FDA Web site, and manufacturers' Web sites were used to identify drug labels containing pharmacogenomic information, and the prescription claims database of a large pharmacy benefits manager (insuring > 55 million individuals in the United States) was used to obtain drug utilization data.Measurements and Main Results. Pharmacogenomic biomarkers were defined, FDA‐approved drug labels containing this information were identified, and utilization of these drugs was determined. Of 1200 drug labels reviewed for the years 1945–2005, 121 drug labels contained pharmacogenomic information based on a key word search and follow‐up screening. Of those, 69 labels referred to human genomic biomarkers, and 52 referred to microbial genomic biomarkers. Of the labels referring to human biomarkers, 43 (62%) pertained to polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme metabolism, with CYP2D6 being most common. Of 36.1 million patients whose prescriptions were processed by a large pharmacy benefits manager in 2006, about 8.8 million (24.3%) received one or more drugs with human genomic biomarker information in the drug label.Conclusion. Nearly one fourth of all outpatients received one or more drugs that have pharmacogenomic information in the label for that drug. The incorporation and appropriate use of pharmacogenomic information in drug labels should be tested for its ability to improve drug use and safety in the United States.