bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf traits of prickly ash and its correlation with ecological and geographical factors of origin
Authors: Dong Xixi , Shi Lin , Bao Shuqin , Fu Hao , You Yuming , Ren Yun , Wang Jichun , Li Qiang , Chen Zexiong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of leaves result from the long-term adaptation of plants to their environment and are closely related to plant growth and development. In this study, 37 prickly ash germplasm resources from 18 production areas were utilized as the subjects of research. Logistic equations, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were employed to comprehensively evaluate the leaf traits of prickly ash germplasm resources, with an analysis of their correlation with ecological and geographical factors in the production areas. The results showed that the leaf traits of prickly ash germplasms of different origins are substantially different and diverse. The coefficient of variation for the 14 leaf traits was greater than 10%. The coefficient of variation of the compound leaflet number was the highest among all the considered leaf traits, and the coefficient of variation of leaf thickness was the lowest, at 49.86% and 11.37%, respectively. The leaf traits of the prickly ash germplasm originating from Chongqing in Yongchuan, Chongqing in Rongchang, and Yunnan in Honghe ranked highest, whereas the leaf traits of the prickly ash germplasm from Henan in Jiaozuo, Gansu in Tianshui, and Shanxi in Yuncheng ranked lowest. The results of the correlation analysis showed that among the ecological and geographical factors of the origins, latitude had the strongest correlation with the leaf traits of the prickly ash germplasm. As latitude increased, the leaves of prickly ash gradually decreased in size, weight, and leaf shape index. The factor with the second strongest correlation was temperature. The leaves of the prickly ash germplasm originating from warmer climate areas were larger and heavier than those from areas with colder climates. Altitude and longitude did not significantly affect the leaf traits of the prickly ash germplasm, but at similar latitudes, the leaves of the prickly ash germplasm in high-altitude areas were smaller, and the leaves of the prickly ash germplasm in low-altitude areas were larger. These findings can provide valuable references for breeding and the sustainable utilization of new varieties of prickly ash resources.
3D SHINKEI MR neurography in evaluation of traumatic brachial plexus
Authors: Zhang Yizhe , Li Xiaona , Liu Ying , Sun Yingcai , Duan Luyao , Zhang Yingshuai , Shi Ruiqing , Yu Xiaoman , Peng Zhigang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract3D SHINKEI neurography is a new sequence for imaging the peripheral nerves. The study aims at assessing traumatic brachial plexus injury using this sequence. Fifty-eight patients with suspected trauma induced brachial plexus injury underwent MR neurography (MRN) imaging in 3D SHINKEI sequence at 3 T. Surgery and intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials or clinical follow-up results were used as the reference standard. MRN, surgery and electromyography (EMG) findings were recorded at four levels of the brachial plexus-roots, trunks, cords and branches. Fifty-eight patients had pre- or postganglionic injury. The C5–C6 nerve postganglionic segment was the most common (average 42%) among the postganglionic injuries detected by 3D SHINKEI MRN. The diagnostic accuracy (83.75%) and the specificity (90.30%) of MRN higher than that of EMG (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic sensitivity of MRN compared with EMG (p > 0.05). Eighteen patients with brachial plexus injury underwent surgical exploration after MRN examination and the correlation between MRN and surgery was 66.7%. Due to the high diagnostic accuracy and specificity, 3D SHINKEI MRN can comprehensively display the traumatic brachial plexus injury. This sequence has great potential in the accurate diagnosis of traumatic brachial plexus injury.
Clinical report of microsurgical treatment of Kohler's disease
Authors: Pei Yantao , Zhu Lei , Xu Qingjia , Wang Juntao , Sun Yuliang , Wang Gang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe conservative treatment for Kohler's disease will take several months, but some patients still have flatfoot and persistent pain. From October 2013 to July 2015, 3 children with Kohler's disease underwent navicular decompression and micro-circulation reconstruction surgery in our hospital. All the patients have received conservative treatment for more than 3 months and the effect was poor. X-ray showed the bone density of navicular increased significantly. All patients were followed up over 1 year. The 3 patients recovered well. VAS score decreased from 7.0 to 2.6 at 1 month after the operation. The pain symptom disappeared completely on 3 months after surgery. The density of navicular bone recovered to normal. Navicular decompression and micro-circulation reconstruction surgery may quickly improve the ischemic status of navicular bone, alleviate pain symptom and enable patients to resume normal activity as soon as possible.
Indigenous data governance approaches applied in research using routinely collected health data: a scoping review
Authors: Engstrom Teyl , Lobo Elton H. , Watego Kristie , Nelson Carmel , Wang Jinxiang , Wong Howard , Kim Sungkyung Linda , Oh Soo In , Lawley Michael , Gorse Alain-Dominique , Ward James , Sullivan Clair 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlobally, there is a growing acknowledgment of Indigenous Peoples’ rights to control data related to their communities. This is seen in the development of Indigenous Data Governance standards. As health data collection increases, it’s crucial to apply these standards in research involving Indigenous communities. Our study, therefore, aims to systematically review research using routinely collected health data of Indigenous Peoples, understanding the Indigenous Data Governance approaches and the associated advantages and challenges. We searched electronic databases for studies from 2013 to 2022, resulting in 85 selected articles. Of these, 65 (77%) involved Indigenous Peoples in the research, and 60 (71%) were authored by Indigenous individuals or organisations. While most studies (93%) provided ethical approval details, only 18 (21%) described Indigenous guiding principles, 35 (41%) reported on data sovereignty, and 28 (33%) addressed consent. This highlights the increasing focus on Indigenous Data Governance in utilising health data. Leveraging existing data sources in line with Indigenous data governance principles is vital for better understanding Indigenous health outcomes.
Linking diet switching to reproductive performance across populations of two critically endangered mammalian herbivores
Authors: Harvey Sky Nick , Britnell Jake , Antwis Rachael , Kartzinel Tyler , Rubenstein Daniel , Toye Phil , Karani Benedict , Njeru Regina , Hinchcliffe Danielle , Gaymer Jamie , Mutisya Samuel , Shultz Susanne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOptimal foraging theory predicts that animals maximise energy intake by consuming the most valuable foods available. When resources are limited, they may include lower-quality fallback foods in their diets. As seasonal herbivore diet switching is understudied, we evaluate its extent and effects across three Kenyan reserves each for Critically Endangered eastern black rhino (Diceros bicornis michaeli) and Grevy’s zebra (Equus grevyi), and its associations with habitat quality, microbiome variation, and reproductive performance. Black rhino diet breadth increases with vegetation productivity (NDVI), whereas zebra diet breadth peaks at intermediate NDVI. Black rhino diets associated with higher vegetation productivity have less acacia (Fabaceae: Vachellia and Senegalia spp.) and more grass suggesting that acacia are fallback foods, upending conventional assumptions. Larger dietary shifts are associated with longer calving intervals. Grevy’s zebra diets in high rainfall areas are consistently grass-dominated, whereas in arid areas they primarily consume legumes during low vegetation productivity periods. Whilst microbiome composition between individuals is affected by the environment, and diet composition in black rhino, seasonal dietary shifts do not drive commensurate microbiome shifts. Documenting diet shifts across ecological gradients can increase the effectiveness of conservation by informing habitat suitability models and improving understanding of responses to resource limitation.
Three-dimensional space and time mapping reveals soil organic matter decreases across anthropogenic landscapes in the Netherlands
Authors: Helfenstein Anatol , Mulder Vera L. , Heuvelink Gerard B. M. , Hack-ten Broeke Mirjam J. D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor restoring soil health and mitigating climate change, information of soil organic matter is needed across space, depth and time. Here we developed a statistical modelling platform in three-dimensional space and time as a new paradigm for soil organic matter monitoring. Based on 869 094 soil organic matter observations from 339,231 point locations and the novel use of environmental covariates variable in three-dimensional space and time, we predicted soil organic matter and its uncertainty annually at 25 m resolution between 0–2 m depth from 1953–2022 in the Netherlands. We predicted soil organic matter decreases of more than 25% in peatlands and 0.1–0.3% in cropland mineral soils, but increases between 10–25% on reclaimed land due to land subsidence. Our analysis quantifies the substantial variations of soil organic matter in space, depth, and time, highlighting the inadequacy of evaluating soil organic matter dynamics at point scale or static mapping at a single depth for policymaking.
Climate and land use changes explain variation in the A horizon and soil thickness in the United States
Authors: Zhang Yakun , Hartemink Alfred E. , Vanwalleghem Tom , Bonfatti Benito Roberto , Moen Steven 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding spatio-temporal changes in soil thickness and their natural and anthropogenic driving factors are essential for earth system modeling and natural resource conservation. It remains challenging to accurately quantify the spatial pattern of soil thickness, and there is no assessment of its temporal changes at the national scale across eco-climatic zones. Here we compiled a long-term (1950–2018), large-scale (conterminous United States of America) topsoil (A horizon,n = 37,712) and solum (22,409) thickness data to quantify their spatial and temporal variations using generalized additive models and selected chronosequences in land resource regions. Climate was found associated with the spatial distribution of soil thickness, and land use and erosion associated with its temporal variation. The A horizon and solum thickness displayed strong longitudinal patterns, correlated with soil moisture and temperature, respectively. Temporal changes in the thickness varied across land resource regions, affected by topography, land use, and erosion. Severe A horizon loss primarily occurred in Mollisols of the Central Great Plains, Alfisols on steep slopes, and soils under cropping. These findings enhanced our fundamental understanding of soil formation and biogeochemical cycles during the Anthropocene across scales and identified regions for conservation practices to reduce further topsoil loss.
Autoantibodies to ACE2 and immune molecules are associated with COVID-19 disease severity
Authors: Geanes Eric S. , McLennan Rebecca , LeMaster Cas , Bradley Todd 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Increased inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and long-term disease manifestations. The mechanisms of this variable long-term immune activation are poorly defined. One feature of this increased inflammation is elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Autoantibodies targeting immune factors such as cytokines, as well as the viral host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), have been observed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Autoantibodies to immune factors and ACE2 could interfere with normal immune regulation and lead to increased inflammation, severe COVID-19, and long-term complications.

Methods
Here, we deeply profiled the features of ACE2, cytokine, and chemokine autoantibodies in samples from patients recovering from severe COVID-19. We measured the levels of immunoglobulin subclasses (IgG, IgA, IgM) in the peripheral blood against ACE2 and 23 cytokines and other immune molecules. We then utilized an ACE2 peptide microarray to map the linear epitopes targeted by ACE2 autoantibodies.

Results
We demonstrate that ACE2 autoantibody levels are increased in individuals with severe COVID-19 compared with those with mild infection or no prior infection. We identify epitopes near the catalytic domain of ACE2 targeted by these antibodies. Levels of autoantibodies targeting ACE2 and other immune factors could serve as determinants of COVID-19 disease severity, and represent a natural immunoregulatory mechanism in response to viral infection.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection can increase autoantibody levels to ACE2 and other immune factors. The levels of these autoantibodies are associated with COVID-19 disease severity.
Appropriate glycemic management protects the germline but not the uterine environment in hyperglycemia
Authors: Zhao Allan , Jiang Hong , Palomares Arturo Reyes , Larsson Alice , He Wenteng , Grünler Jacob , Zheng Xiaowei , Rodriguez Wallberg Kenny A , Catrina Sergiu-Bogdan , Deng Qiaolin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that parental diseases can impact the health of subsequent generations through epigenetic inheritance. Recently, it was shown that maternal diabetes alters the metaphase II oocyte transcriptome, causing metabolic dysfunction in offspring. However, type 1 diabetes (T1D) mouse models frequently utilized in previous studies may be subject to several confounding factors due to severe hyperglycemia. This limits clinical translatability given improvements in glycemic control for T1D subjects. Here, we optimize a T1D mouse model to investigate the effects of appropriately managed maternal glycemic levels on oocytes and intrauterine development. We show that diabetic mice with appropriate glycemic control exhibit better long-term health, including maintenance of the oocyte transcriptome and chromatin accessibility. We further show that human oocytes undergoing in vitro maturation challenged with mildly increased levels of glucose, reflecting appropriate glycemic management, also retain their transcriptome. However, fetal growth and placental function are affected in mice despite appropriate glycemic control, suggesting the uterine environment rather than the germline as a pathological factor in developmental programming in appropriately managed diabetes.
Cloud‐based video streaming services: Trends, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Kumar Tajinder , Sharma Purushottam , Tanwar Jaswinder , Alsghier Hisham , Bhushan Shashi , Alhumyani Hesham , Sharma Vivek , Alutaibi Ahmed I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCloud computing has drastically changed the delivery and consumption of live streaming content. The designs, challenges, and possible uses of cloud computing for live streaming are studied. A comprehensive overview of the technical and business issues surrounding cloud‐based live streaming is provided, including the benefits of cloud computing, the various live streaming architectures, and the challenges that live streaming service providers face in delivering high‐quality, real‐time services. The different techniques used to improve the performance of video streaming, such as adaptive bit‐rate streaming, multicast distribution, and edge computing are discussed and the necessity of low‐latency and high‐quality video transmission in cloud‐based live streaming is underlined. Issues such as improving user experience and live streaming service performance using cutting‐edge technology, like artificial intelligence and machine learning are discussed. In addition, the legal and regulatory implications of cloud‐based live streaming, including issues with network neutrality, data privacy, and content moderation are addressed. The future of cloud computing for live streaming is examined in the section that follows, and it looks at the most likely new developments in terms of trends and technology. For technology vendors, live streaming service providers, and regulators, the findings have major policy‐relevant implications. Suggestions on how stakeholders should address these concerns and take advantage of the potential presented by this rapidly evolving sector, as well as insights into the key challenges and opportunities associated with cloud‐based live streaming are provided.
Dynamical complexity in microscale disk-wind systems
Authors: Fiore Fabrizio , Gaspari Massimo , Luminari Alfredo , Tozzi Paolo , de Arcangelis Lucilla 
Published: March 2024

Context. Powerful winds at accretion-disk scales have been observed in the past 20 years in many active galactic nuclei (AGN). These are the so-called ultrafast outflows (UFOs). Outflows are intimately related to mass accretion through the conservation of angular momentum, and they are therefore a key ingredient of most accretion disk models around black holes (BHs). At the same time, nuclear winds and outflows can provide the feedback that regulates the joint BH and galaxy growth.
Aims. We reconsidered UFO observations in the framework of disk-wind scenarios, both magnetohydrodynamic disk winds and radiatively driven winds.
Methods. We studied the statistical properties of observed UFOs from the literature and derived the distribution functions of the ratio ω̄ of the mass-outflow and -inflow rates and the ratio λw of the mass-outflow and the Eddington accretion rates. We studied the links between ω̄ and λw and the Eddington ratio λ = Lbol/LEdd. We derived the typical wind-activity history in our sources by assuming that it can be statistically described by population functions.
Results. We find that the distribution functions of ω̄ and λw can be described as power laws above some thresholds, suggesting that there may be many wind subevents for each major wind event in each AGN activity cycle, which is a fractal behavior. We then introduced a simple cellular automaton to investigate how the dynamical properties of an idealized disk-wind system change following the introduction of simple feedback rules. We find that without feedback, the system is overcritical. Conversely, when feedback is present, regardless of whether it is magnetic or radiation driven, the system can be driven toward a self-organized critical state.
Conclusions. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that AGN feedback is a necessary key ingredient in disk-wind systems, and following this, in shaping the coevolution of galaxies and supermassive BHs.
Optical properties of Y dwarfs observed with the Gran Telescopio Canarias
Authors: Martín E. L. , Zhang J.-Y. , Lanchas H. , Lodieu N. , Shahbaz T. , Pavlenko Ya. V. 
Published: March 2024

Aims. Our science goals are to characterise the optical properties of Y dwarfs and to study their consistency with theoretical models.
Methods. A sample of five Y dwarfs was observed with three optical and near-infrared instruments at the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias. Deep near-infrared (J- or H-band) and multicolour optical images (ɀ-, i-, r-, 𝑔-, u-bands) of the five targets and a low-resolution far-red optical spectrum for one of the targets were obtained.
Results. One of the Y dwarfs, WISE J173835.53+273258.9 (Y0), was clearly detected in the optical (ɀ- and i-bands) and another, WISE J182831.08+265037.7 (Y2), was detected only in the ɀ-band. We measured the colours of our targets and found that the ɀ − J and i − ɀ colours of the Y dwarfs are bluer than those of mid- and late-T dwarfs. This optical blueing has been predicted by models, but our data indicates that it is sharper and happens at temperatures about 150 K warmer than expected. The culprit is the K I resonance doublet, which weakens more abruptly in the T- to Y-type transition than expected. Moreover, we show that the alkali resonance lines (Cs I and K I) are weaker in Y dwarfs than in T dwarfs; the far-red optical spectrum of WISE J173835.53+273258.9 is similar to that of late-T dwarfs, but with stronger methane and water features; and we noted the appearance of new absorption features that we propose could be due to hydrogen sulphide. Last but not least, in 2014, WISE J173835.53+273258.9 presented a bluer i − ɀ colour than in 2021 by a factor of 2.8 (significance of 2.5σ). Thanks to our deep optical images, we found that the 2014 i-band spectrum was contaminated by a galaxy bluer than the Y dwarf.
Conclusions. The optical properties of Y dwarfs presented here pose new challenges to the modelling of grain sedimentation in extremely cool objects. The weakening of the very broad K I resonance doublet due to condensation in dust grains is more abrupt than theoretically anticipated. Consequently, the observed blueing of the ɀ − J and i − ɀ colours of Y dwarfs with respect to T dwarfs is more pronounced than predicted by models and could boost the potential of upcoming deep large-area optical surveys regarding their ability to detect extremely cool objects.
Milky Way globular clusters on cosmological timescales
Authors: Ishchenko Maryna , Berczik Peter , Sobolenko Margarita 
Published: March 2024

Context. The present epoch of the Gaia success gives us a possibility to predict the dynamical evolution of our Solar System in the global Galactic framework with high precision.
Aims. We statistically investigated the total interaction of globular clusters with the Solar System during six billion years of look-back time. We estimated the gravitational influence of globular clusters’ flyby onto the Oort cloud system.
Methods. To perform the realistic orbital dynamical evolution for each individual cluster, we used our own high-order parallel dynamical N-body φ-GPU code that we developed. To reconstruct the orbital trajectories of clusters, we used five external dynamical time variable galactic potentials selected from the IllustrisTNG-100 cosmological database and one static potential. To detect a cluster’s close passages near the Solar System, we adopted a simple distance criteria of below 200 pc. To take into account a cluster’s measurement errors (based on Gaia DR3), we generated 1000 initial positions and velocity randomisations for each cluster in each potential.
Results. We found 35 globular clusters that have had close passages near the Sun in all the six potentials during the whole lifetime of the Solar System. We can conclude that at a relative distance of 50 pc between a GC and the SolS, we obtain on average ∼15% of the close passage probability over all six billion years, and at dR = 100 pc, we get on average ∼35% of the close passage probability over all six billion years. The globular clusters BH 140, UKS 1, and Djorg 1 have a mean minimum relative distance to the Sun of 9, 19, and 17 pc, respectively. We analysed the gravitational energetic influence on the whole Oort cloud system from the closest selected globular cluster flyby. We generally found that a globular cluster with a typical mass above a few times 105 M⊙ and with deep close passages in a 1–2 pc immediately results in the ejection more than ∼30% of particles from the Oort cloud system.
Conclusions. We can assume that a globular cluster with close passages near the Sun is not a frequent occurrence but also not an exceptional event in the Solar System’s lifetime.