bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pediatric patient with suspected adrenal neoplasm: Which radiological test to use?
Authors: Petrus Leonard V. , Hall Theodore R. , Boechat M. Ines , Westra Sjirk J. , Curran John G. , Steckel Richard J. , Kangarloo Hooshang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo establish which radiological test to use in a pediatric patient with suspected neoplasm, we retrospectively studied 19 children with proven adrenal neoplasm who had a combination of ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results show that US should remain the initial imaging modality for evaluating abdominal masses in children but that MRI is more accurate than CT and US in detecting the organ of origin and the extent of an adrenal lesion and should, therefore, be the modality of choice for the definitive evaluation of adrenal neoplasm in children.
Results of the LMT81 protocol, a modified LSA2L2 protocol with high dose methotrexate, on 84 children with non‐B‐cell (lymphoblastic) lymphoma
Authors: Patte Catherine , Kalifa Chantal , Flamant Francoise , Hartmann Olivier , Brugières Laurence , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique , Bayle Chantal , Caillaud Jean‐Michel , Lemerle Jean 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom May 1981 to June 1989, 84 children with non‐B‐cell lymphoma (82 lymphoblastic, 1 T‐cell immunoblastic, 1 unclassified diffuse lymphoma) were treated in the pediatric department of the Institut Gustave Roussy according to a protocol called LMT81, which was derived from the LSA2L2 protocol of Wollner and modified by the adjunction of 10 courses of high dose methotrexate to improve the CNS prophylaxis. No planned irradiation was performed except in cases of initial testis (2 patients) or CNS (5 patients) involvement and residual mass (2 patients). Sixty patients had mediastinal involvement; for the others, primaries were in the head and neck (7), nodes (2), (sub)cutaneous (4), bone (7), and elsewhere (2). According to Murphy's staging system, there were 2 stage I, 6 stage II, 33 stage III, and 43 stage IV. Among the stage IV patients, 41 had bone marrow involvement, 24 of them with more than 25% blast cells in bone marrow and 19 with blast cells in blood; 7 hadCNS involvement. Three patients did not achieve complete remission, 4 died in remission (two measles, one post‐transfusion AIDS, one unexplained definitive aplasia) and 13 relapsed at 2 to 29 months (median‐13 months). Among the 77 patients without initial CNS involvement, there was only one isolated CNS relapse. With a median follow‐up of 57 months (10‐106 months), the event‐free survival is 75% (SE 2.5) for the 84 patients with a plateau at 29 months, 73% (SE 8) for stage I and II patients, 79% (SE 4) for stage III, and 72% (SE 4) for stage IV patients. Survival was similar in each stage group. Reasons for failure of treatment, however, were different, being toxic deaths in stage II; initial therapy resistance, early relapses, and toxic deaths in stage III; and tumor failures in stage IV. In conclusion, this protocol is efficacious on T and non‐T, non‐B childhood lymphoma with a low incidence of CNS relapse. A future study will seek to diminish toxicity and long‐term sequellae while at least maintaining the same cure rate of patients.
Soft‐tissue sarcomas other than rhabdomyosarcoma in children
Authors: Hayani Ammar , Mahoney Donald H. , Hawkins Hal K. , Steuber C. Philip , Hurwitz Richard , Fernbach Donald J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐seven children with nonrhabdomyosarcomatous soft‐tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) were treated by the Hematology‐Oncology Service at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, between 1958 and 1990. The male: female ratio was 1:1, and the median age was 11 years (3 weeks‐16 years). A preexisting condition was found in 9/47 (19%) patients including neurofibromatosis (3), Down's syndrome (1), spina bifida (1), congenital facial asymmetry (1), giant pigmented nevus (1), juvenile onset diabetes mellitus (1), and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (1). The site of primary tumor was head and neck (3), trunk (33), and extremities (11). Twenty‐four patients (51%) have survived free of disease with a median follow‐up of 5 years (4 months‐22 years). No patient whose disease recurred achieved a second remission. Of the 19 patients with group I disease, 16 (84%) survived free of disease. Wide excision of the primary tumor, with no microscopic residual disease, was associated with the greatest chance of disease‐freesurvival.
Value of cytogenetics in the differential diagnosis of the small round cell tumors of childhood
Authors: Sainati Laura , Stella Mario , Montaldi Anna , Bolcato Sonia , Guercini Nicola , Bonan Franca , Ninfo Vito , Zanesco Luigi , Basso Giuseppe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSmall round cell tumors are among the most common problems in the differential diagnosis of cancer, even when more sophisticated histological techniques are utilized (Ezinger and Weiss: In Soft Tissue Tumors. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1988, pp 668–683). Six cases of small round cell tumors are described the diagnosis of which was particularly difficult.Cytogenetic analysis provided useful information in all of them in making the definitive diagnosis. The reported cases stress the value of cytogenetic methods in approaching difficult diagnostic problems.
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver masquerading as a metastasis in a child treated for nephroblastoma
Authors: Newbould Melanie J. , Kelsey Anna , Lendon Mehrou , Gururangan Sridharan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 31/2‐year‐old boy presented with a palpable hepatic tumor thought on clinical and radiological grounds to be a metastasis but which was found to be an inflammatory pseudotumor on histological examination. Eighteen months previously he had received chemotherapy and radiotherapy for a stage IV Wilms' tumor, which had been surgically excised 4 months after commencing treatment. This case illustrates the importance of obtaining a histological diagnosis in the management of patients with malignant tumors.
The usefulness of serum thyroglobulin in the follow‐up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children
Authors: Kirk Jeremy M. W. , Mort Catherine , Grant David B. , Touzel Richard J. , Plowman Nicholas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum thyroglobulin has been measured serially in ten children aged 5–17 years presenting with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. At presentation 4 had intra‐thyroidal disease, 3 had lymph node metastases, and 3 had lung metastases. During follow‐up for a median of 37.0 months (range 21–108) 3 patients have been disease‐free, 4 have had a local relapse, and 3 have had persistent disease. Seventy‐seven separate serum thyroglobulin measurements have been performed; 36 on and 41 off thyroid replacement therapy. A level of thyroglobulin of <5 ng/ml was taken as indicative of absence of disease, and compared against combined clinical examination and 131 I scanning. Over‐all sensitivity of thyroglobulin measurement was 36/37 (97%), and although specificity was 30/40 (75%), this rose to 30/32 (94%) if raised thyroglobulin levels noted within 3 months of 131 I therapy in otherwise asymptomatic patients (n = 4) or in subjects with intact thyroid tissue (n = 4) were excluded. Concordance with clinical status was 30/31 (97%) in measurements taken on, and 31/32 (94%) in those taken off, thyroid replacement. These data indicate that thyroglobulin measurement is a sensitive and specific means of detecting residual, recurrent, and metastatic thyroid carcinoma in children. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia following therapy of rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Kaplinsky Chaim , Frisch Amos , Cohen Ian J. , Goshen Yacov , Jaber Lutfi , Yaniv Isaar , Stark Batia , Tamary Hanah , Zaizov Rina 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMultiple studies have documented an increased risk of secondary malignancies in patients receiving alkylating agents. Secondary leukemia following chemotherapy accounts for about 20% of all secondary neoplasms; most are acute nonlymphocytic. Secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia has rarely been reported in either adult or childhood cancer. We report the development of acute T‐cell lymphoblastic leukemia in a child following successful treatment of a paravertebral embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERS). Southern blot analysis of DNA extracted from the T‐cell lymphoblasts, using probes homologous to loci on the short arm of chromosome 11; P‐calcitonin, P40.1 and H‐ras, did not demonstrate the chromosomal loss of heterozygosity (LOH), a common feature of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The data presented support the assumption that de novo leukemia emerged following treatment of the primary malignancy. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A unique case of retinoblastoma masked by retinal detachment diagnosis and management
Authors: Cangir Ayten , Lee Ya Yen , Salmonsen Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 4‐year‐old Latin American boy presented with a history of loss of vision of his left eye for 7 months. He was followed by different ophthalmologists and diagnosed with a retinal detachment. Computerized tomograms and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large calcified left eye and markedly enlarged optic nerve. Based on these radiologic findings diagnosis of retinoblastoma was strongly suspected. Initially enucleation was not done because it was thought that cutting through the involved optic nerve would cause dissemination. The patient was treated with chemotherapy which resulted in marked response. Following normalization of optic nerve and after irradiation the eye was enucleated. The diagnosis of retinoblastoma was confirmed. No tumor was found in the optic nerve. The importance of imaging studies in diagnosis of retinoblastoma and the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of primary retinoblastoma are emphasized. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
13‐cis‐retinoic acid (NSC 122758) in the treatment of children with metastatic neuroblastoma unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy: Report from the childrens cancer study group
Authors: Finklestein Jerry Z. , Krailo Mark D. , Lenarsky Carl , Ladisch Stephen , Blair Geoffrey K. , Reynolds C. Patrick , Sitarz Anneliese L. , Hammond G. Denman 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Childrens Cancer Study Group evaluated daily oral 13‐cis‐retinoic acid to determine its therapeutic efficacy in 28 children with advanced neuroblastoma refractory to conventional therapy. Cheilitis and fissured lips were the most common side effects; however, fewer than 50% of the patients experienced any toxicity. Two of twenty‐two evaluable children demonstrated positive response to therapy. In one case, a child received the drug for 11 months. Seventeen patients demonstrated progressive disease within 28 days of the start of treatment. Three other patients with stable disease, or removed from study at day 28, were considered nonresponsive. Our data demonstrate that, when given as a single daily oral dose of 100 mg/m2, 13‐cis‐retinoic acid does not have significant activity in children with advanced neuroblastoma. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of malignant scala posterior brain tumors in children: The chemotherapy of relapsed medulloblastoma with a dibromdulcitol containing drug regime and pharmacokinetic studies of dibromdulcitol in children
Authors: Schuler Dezsõ , Somló Pál , Koós Rozólia , Kálmánchey Rozália , Paraicz Ervin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDibromdulcitol (Elobromol) has favorable pharmacokinetic parameters for the treatment of brain tumors: high spinal fluid/plasma ratio and long half‐life in spinal fluid. Oral application makes its administration easy. The drug combination vincristine, procarbazine, and dibromdulcitol proved to be effective in a pilot trial on relapsed medulloblastomas: 8 complete and 4 partial remissions were achieved from 16 cases. The main side effect was granulocytopenia, which was in some cases severe. However, in the doseschedule we used it did not delay the treatment longer than 1 week. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneously occurring alopecia areata and Hodgkin's lymphoma: Complete remission of both diseases with MOPP/ABV chemotherapy
Authors: Chan Paul D. , Berk M. Allan , Kucuk Omer , Singh Satinder 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 43‐year‐old man presented with simultaneously occurring alopecia areata and stage IIIB nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. Systemic symptoms of Hodgkin's disease were present for 6 months, and rapidly developing patchy hair loss of the scalp was present for 2 weeks prior to presentation. The patient was treated with eight cycles of MOPP‐ABV chemotherapy that resulted in complete remission of Hodgkin's disease. Four months after the completion of chemotherapy, the patient had normal hair regrowth with no evidence of alopecia areata. Alopecia areata may be an autoimmune disease and may respond to chemotherapy. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of Epstein‐Barr virus in Reed‐Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease arising in children
Authors: Coates Philip J. , d'Ardenne A. Jane , Slavin Gerard , Kingston Judith E. , Malpas James S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNonisotopic in situ hybridization has been used to investigate the role of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) in the aetiology of pediatric Hodgkin's disease. Sections from 24 cases arising in children under the age of 15 years were hybridised with digoxigenin‐labelled probes for both EBV and cytomegalovirus, and reactive sites were identified by a sensitive three‐layer immunoperoxidase technique.EBV was identified in Reed‐Sternberg and mononuclear Hodgkin's cells in five samples (21%). No samples were positive when the cytomegalovirus probe was employed. The specific identification of EBV in the malignant cells of Hodgkin's disease arising in children lends further support for a role of EBV in the aetiology of this disorder. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma and changes after chemotherapy by MRI
Authors: Tanabe Masahiro , Takahashi Hideyo , Ohnuma Naomi , Iwai Jun , Yoshida Hideo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the usefulness of MRI for diagnosing bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma, we compared MRI findings with histological findings. MRI was performed 26 times in 20 patients with neuroblastoma to detect metastasis to the bone marrow of the femur and tibia. Abnormal areas observed by MRI were histologically examined. The lesion visualized by MRI as a low‐intensity area on T1‐weighted images and as a high‐intensity area on T2‐weighted images was histologically confirmed to be neuroblastoma in 81% (17/21). The percentage varied according to the treatment state: 89% (8/9) by MRI imaging performed before the initiation of chemotherapy, 67% (6/9) within 3 weeks after cessation of chemotherapy (during chemotherapy), and 100% (3/3) in recurrent cases 1 year or more after chemotherapy. During the follow‐up period after chemotherapy, tissue with signal intensities similar to that of bone marrow was observed in a speckled pattern in the intramedullary space on T1‐ and T2‐weighted images. This tissue was histologically demonstrated to be normal bone marrow and was considered to be bone marrow remaining after chemotherapy.In this small series, histological findings supported the results of MRI, confirming the usefulness of MRI for diagnosing bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma. However, bone marrow metastasis after chemotherapy was difficult to evaluate by comparing signal intensities alone. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local failure in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma: Prognostic factors and implications for curative therapy
Authors: Mameghan Hedy , Fisher Richard , Tobias Vivienne , Kern Ian B. , O′Gorman‐Hughes Darcy , Vowels Marcus , Mameghan Jill 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this retrospective review, the risk factors for local failure in childhood rhabdomy‐osarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma were assessed in 49 patients managed by a multi‐disciplinary team at the Prince of Wales Children′s Hospital, Sydney, between 1970 and 1988. Average follow‐up time was 6.1 years. Sixteen of 49 patients experienced local failure defined as local recurrence after complete excision (5/20) or progressive local disease following incomplete resection (11/29). Fourteen of 16 patients who experienced local failure have died. Using logrank analysis of time to local failure, we found significantly increased risk with “non‐embryonal” histology (P= 0.032), residual tumour (P= 0.052, higher IRS group (P= 0.088), “inadequate radiotherapy” for residual tumour (P= 0.001), delay in definitive local treatment (P= 0.038) and Adriamycin‐containing chemotherapy (P= 0.017). When these factors were examined by multivariate analysis (Cox regression), only the presence of residual tumour after resection, “inadequate radiotherapy” for residual tumour (P< 0.001), and delay in definitive local therapy (P= 0.037) were shown to have independent significant association with local failure. We conclude that local failure may be avoided by prompt local treatment by either complete surgical resection or adequate radiotherapy. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroblastoma: A 32‐year population‐based study—implications for screening
Authors: Huddart Simon N. , Muir Kenneth R. , Parkes Sheila , Mann Jillian R. , Stevens Michael C. G. , Raafat Faro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a retrospective population‐based study of neuroblastoma in the West Midlands Health Authority Region—childhood population 1.12 million (OPCS, census 1981)—in which 239 cases were diagnosed between 1st January 1957 and 31st December 1988. The age standardised rate of tumour incidence has remained constant at 7.2 cases per million children per year. The median age at diagnosis was 2 years with 18% of children presenting before the age of 6 months. Fifty children (21%) presented before the age of one year, and for this group of children, the prognosis has improved significantly over the 32‐year period (10 year survival increasing from 63% in 1957–67 to 87% in 1978–88), whereas for the 189 (79%) children who presented after one year of age, the prognosis has remained very poor during the study period (10 year survival 1957–67 = 9.5%, 1978–88 = 8.5%). This study supports the need for a prospective study of mass screening at several intervals rather than only at 6 months of age. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome developing prior to treatment with cytotoxic agents
Authors: Milford David V. , Goldstein Amanda , Barrett Martin , Mann Jillian R. , Raafat Faro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe haemolytic uraemic syndrome has been reported in children and adults with neoplasias treated with mitomycin C and occasionally in adults prior to chemotherapeutic treatment, but it has not been reported in a child prior to the use of cytotoxic drugs. This case report concerns the development of the haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a 7‐year‐old male child with a metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. The child had persisting haemolysis and renal imparment, and died three weeks after presentation. Though our exprerience with similar tumours suggested the outlook would be poor, we had hoped to provide palliative chemotherapy. This proved impossible as optimal chemotherapy could not be used because of the renal impairment.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma following treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Morland Bruce J. , Radford Martin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe importance of second malignant neoplasms following successful treatment of childhood malignancy is of concern to all professionals involved with the care of these patients. We present an 18 year old patient with a squamous cell carcinoma of his lower lip following prolonged treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood. The rarity of this tumor in this age group and the aetiological factors involved in developing the second malignancy are discussed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precursor lesions of Wilms tumor: Clinical and biological implications
Authors: Beckwith J. Bruce 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNephrogenic rests (NR) are persistent embryonal remnants in the kidney that are apparent precursors of Wilms tumor (WT). Nephroblastomatosis (Nbl) denotes multiple or diffuse NR. Two major categories of NR have been recognized to date, perilobar (PLNR) and intralobar (ILNR). A dynamic classification of NR according to their recognized developmental fates is presented. Dormancy, maturation, involution, hyperplastic overgrowth, and neoplastic induction are the common fates of NR. Hyperplastic NR are far more common than formerly recognized, and are frequently confused with WT, especially in cases of multicentric and bilateral tumors. Biopsy is of limited value in distinguishing hyperplastic NR from WT, and the use of surgery in cases of Nbl requires careful consideration, as its role can in many cases be reduced or supplanted due to the effectiveness of modern imaging techniques and chemotherapy. An understanding of the natural history of NR and Nbl is essential for rational patient care decisions, and is important for understanding the molecular biology of WT. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiology of Wilms tumor
Authors: Breslow Norman , Olshan Andrew , Beckwith J. Bruce , Green Daniel M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWilms tumor affects approximately one child per 10,000 worldwide before the age of 15 years. Incidence rates appear to be slightly elevated for U.S. and African Blacks in comparison to Whites, but are only half as great among Asians. Several case‐control studies have suggested that paternal occupational or maternal hormonal exposures during pregnancy may increase the risk of Wilms tumor, but small numbers of subjects and inconsistencies in the patterns of exposures do not permit firm conclusions to be drawn. It is unlikely that such environmental exposures play a major role in the etiology of Wilms tumor. The median age‐at‐onset of Wilms tumor is 38 months in the U.S. National Wilms Tumor Study series, with cases in girls occurring on average 6 months later than in boys. Patients with bilateral tumors, aniridia, cryptorchism/hypospadias, Beck‐with‐Wiedemann syndrome, or intralobar nephrogenic rests tend to be diagnosed much younger than average (median 17–27 months). Those with familial disease or multicentric tumors have intermediate age‐at‐onset distributions, while those with perilo‐bar nephrogenic rests are diagnosed at older ages. The epidemiologic features suggest that somatic mosaicism, rather than a germ‐line mutation, may be responsible for some of the bilateral and multicentric cases. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening of children with hemihypertrophy, aniridia, and Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome in patients with wilms tumor: A report from the national Wilms tumor study
Authors: Green Daniel M. , Breslow Norman E. , Beckwith J. Bruce , Norkool Patricia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the usefulness of regular radiographic screening to detect an asymptomatic intraabdominal tumor in patients with an increased risk of developing Wilms tumor, we reviewed the files of patients with hemihypertrophy, aniridia, or Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome who were registered on the National Wilms Tumor Studies. Screening was employed infrequently in the management of children with hemihypertrophy, with only 25% (6/24) of those whose hemihypertrophy was identified more than 30 days prior to the diagnosis of Wilms tumor undergoing such examinations. Most patients with aniridia were evaluated regularly for the occcurrence of Wilms tumor. There were more stage 1 tumors identified in patients whose tumor was detected only through radiographic evaluation. The role of routine radiographic screening needs to be carefully evaluated in a homogeneous group of patients such as those with aniridia using a prospective study design to determine if such screening improves the survival rate of children with this rapidly growing, but readily treatable form of childhood cancer. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.