bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE VARIATION IN SERUM TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) ACHIEVED DURING SUPPRESSION TESTING IN THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: WILKIN T. J. , ISLES T. E. , NEWTON R. W. , GUNN A. , CROOKS J. , BECK J. SWANSON 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYRegular measurement of thyroidal radioiodine uptake has been widely used as a means of monitoring continued extrapituitary stimulation of the thyroid during the treatment of thyrotoxicosis with carbimazole and triiodothyronine (T3). However, it is unclear to what extent the serum T3 level may vary at the time of testing, nor what effect this might have on the uptake of radioiodine. Two studies have been undertaken. In the first, serum T3 levels in twenty‐four thyrotoxic patients were measured at intervals during an 18‐month course of carbimazole combined with T3, 20 μg qid. Considerable variations in the highest and lowest levels of serum T3 were found both between and within individuals. The second study was on twenty‐three thyrotoxic patients thought to be entering remission because the iodine uptake after 5 months of drug treatment had fallen to less than 50% of the pretreatment value (suppressors). The changes in uptake of radioiodine after 5 and then 6 months of treatment were compared in seven patients, who received carbimazole and T3 throughout, with the corresponding changes in the remaining sixteen patients, whose T3 alone was withdrawn prior to the uptake test at month 6. The mean degree of suppression remained unchanged by month 6 in the first group. In the second group, however, the mean uptake rose significantly, and nine of the sixteen patients would have been classified as non‐suppressors at the sixth month (i.e. uptake greater than 50% the pretreatment value) had their failure to maintain high serum levels of T3 gone undetected. The first study indicated this could well happen in routine circumstances, and it is suggested that the reliability of suppression tests be checked with simultaneous measurement of serum T3.
THE EFFECT OF PAIN ON PLASMA ARGININE VASOPRESSIN CONCENTRATIONS IN MAN
Authors: KENDLER K. S. , WEITZMAN R. E. , FISHER D. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of pain on plasma AVP concentration in man has previously been studied only during major surgery with general anaesthesia. Plasma AVP concentration (pAVP) and plasma osmolality (pOsm) were measured in thirty‐six patients seen in a surgical emergency department complaining of pain and in fifty‐one control subjects. No significant difference in pOsm was found, but pAVP was significantly higher in the emergency room patients in pain (M ± SEM = 4.94 ± 0.98 pmol/l compared to 2.31 ± 0.32 pmol/l in control subjects, P < 0.01).In the control subjects, age was found to have a low but significant inverse correlation with pAVP (r= 0.37, P < 0.01). Chronic smoking was associated with significant elevation of pAVP (3.81 ± 0.99 pmol/l in smokers vs. 1.89 ± 0.28 pmol/l in non‐smokers, P < 0.02). Neither smoking nor age could account for the difference in pAVP between the pain and control groups. Thus, pain is a non‐osmolar factor capable of elevating AVP in conscious man.
EFFECT OF SELECTIVE GOITRE RESECTION ON ABSENT THYROTROPHIN RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN IDIOPATHIC EUTHYROID GOITRES
Authors: BLICHERT‐TOFT M. , CHRISTIANSEN C. , AXELSSON C. K. , EGEDORF J. , IBSEN H. , IBSEN J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAbsent thyrotrophin (TSH) response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) was found in ten of fifty consecutive nodular goitrous patients who were clinically and biochemically euthyroid. These ten patients together with a reference group engaging fifty‐eight healthy individuals matched for sex, age, and geographic region form the basis of the present study. Patients with autonomously functioning single adenomata were excluded from the investigation. In the patient group, values of serum thyroxine (T4), free T4‐index, and serum TSH did not differ significantly from those recorded in the reference group, whereas serum triiodothyronine was found to be significantly higher in the patients, although within the normal range. After selective resection of the goitre, the TSH responsiveness to TRH recovered completely. Routine indices of thyroid function, however, demonstrated no major deviation from pre‐operative levels. During a follow‐up period of 1 year, no systematic alterations were recorded in TSH response to TRH nor in the thyroid function tests, indicating maintenance of euthyroidism with restored normality within the pituitary‐thyroid axis. The present study lends support to the view that increasing functional autonomy apparently is a common trend in goitre evolution in a non‐endemic area.
SPORADIC NON‐TOXIC GOITRE: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC–PITUITARY–THYROID AXIS
Authors: MORGANS M. E. , THOMPSON B. D. , WHITEHOUSE S. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) tests have been carried out on sixty‐two patients with sporadic non‐toxic nodular goitre. 61% gave a subnormal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) response but had normal plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels. T3 administration suppressed 131I uptake by the thyroid adequately in 74% of these and there was normal stimulation of thyroid uptake by exogenous TSH. Prolactin (PRL) rose normally after TRH in all the TRH non‐responders. Normal TSH response to TRH was restored by partial thyroidectomy and in some cases by propyl thiouracil administration. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed. It is concluded that these cases were truly euthyroid.
THE INTER‐RELATIONSHIP OF THYROID HORMONES, VITAMIN A AND THEIR BINDING PROTEINS FOLLOWING ACUTE STRESS
Authors: RAMSDEN D. B. , PRINCÉ H. P. , BURR W. A. , BRADWELL A. R. , BLACK E. G. , EVANS A. E. , HOFFENBERG R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of surgical stress on the metabolism of the retinol‐binding‐protein‐thyroxine‐binding‐prealbumin complex were investigated. The immediate post‐surgical period was characterized by a rapid decline in the serum concentration of retinol, retinol binding protein and triiodothyronine and an increase in the 24 h urinary excretion of retinol, retinol‐binding‐protein and thyroxine. Similar, but less pronounced, changes were seen in other subjects suffering acute myocardial infarction but were not observed in normal healthy euthyroid males or in pre‐operative euthyroid patients. The preparation of specific anti‐retinol binding protein anti‐serum and the use of this in ‘monorocket’ immunoelectrophoresis are also described.
A SMALL DOSE OF SOMATOSTATIN INHIBITS THE PENTAGASTRIN STIMULATED GASTRIC SECRETION OF ACID, PEPSIN AND INTRINSIC FACTOR IN MAN
Authors: SCHRUMPF E. , VATN M. H. , HANSSEN K. F. , MYREN J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of a small dose of somatostatin (0.05 mg/h) on the gastric secretion of acid, pepsin and Intrinsic Factor (IF) after stepwise increases in the dose of pentagastrin was examined in six healthy volunteers. The gastric secretion of acid, pepsin and IF in response to pentagastrin was significantly reduced by a continuous infusion of somatostatin. The pattern of inhibition indicates that somatostatin is a competitive inhibitor of pentagastrin in the stimulation of gastric secretion of both acid, pepsin and IF. This finding supports the hypothesis of a direct effect of somatostatin on the exocrine secretory cells of the stomach.
THE SECRETION OF THYROTROPHIN WITH IMPAIRED BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH HYPOTHALAMIC–PITUITARY DISEASE
Authors: PETERSEN V. B. , MCGREGOR A. M. , BELCHETZ P. E. , ELKELES R. S. , HALL R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe describe here two patients with hypothyroidism due to pituitary‐hypothalamic disease in whom basal thyrotrophin (TSH) levels measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) were elevated yet when measured by a cytochemical bioassay (CBA) were found to be normal. This finding and the absence of the normal rise of thyroid hormones in response to thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone (TRH) mediated release of TSH confirms for the first time the secretion of TSH with impaired biological activity. Primary thyroid disease as a cause for the elevated immunoreactive TSH was excluded by the absence of circulating thyroid antibodies and by a normal thyroidal radioiodine uptake response to exogenous TSH.
STUDIES ON CERTAIN ASPECTS OF PROGESTERONE AND CORTISOL DYNAMICS BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER LABOUR
Authors: BATRA S. , GRUNDSELL H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYConcentrations of progesterone, cortisol, free (unbound) progesterone and cortisol binding capacity (CBG) in blood samples were measured serially from 3 weeks preceding delivery to 5 days post partum. There was no change in total plasma progesterone in the last few weeks of pregnancy or during labour but after delivery the concentration of progesterone decreased significantly. Cortisol concentrations showed no change in the last 3 weeks of pregnancy but increased considerably (by 67%) during labour and remained at this high level until at least 2 h post partum, decreasing thereafter. At 5 days post partum the cortisol concentrations were significantly lower than those found a few weeks before labour. The fraction of free progesterone did not change during labour but there was a significant rise in percentage free progesterone 2 h post partum. This rise in percentage free progesterone coincided with the highest concentration of plasma cortisol and a relatively low plasma progesterone. The fraction of free progesterone decreased 1 day post partum to levels that were similar to or slightly lower than those existing before delivery. There was no change in the concentration of CBG before or during labour or at least until 5 days post partum. These results generally support the suggestion that the rise in cortisol concentration during labour can lead to an increase in the fraction of free progesterone.
HYPOTHALAMO‐PITUITARY‐GONADAL FUNCTION IN MALE CENTRAL PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY
Authors: CHAUSSAIN J. L. , SAVAGE M. O. , NAHOUL K. , BRIJAWI A. , CANLORBE P. , JOB J. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYEleven boys aged 1–10 years with central precocious puberty were studied. According to the pubertal development six were classified as P2, one as P3 and four as P5. In all cases plasma testosterone levels were definitely elevated (1.7–5.8 ng/ml) when compared with pre‐pubertal controls. Peak values after HCG (3 × 1500 u) in four of the boys were in the high adult range. The binding capacity of serum testosterone oestradiol binding globuline (TeBG) ranged between 0.5 and 7.30 μg/dl. Basal plasma levels of LH and FSH were respectively 2.06 ± 0.64 and 1.2 ± 0.25 miu/ml, and peak levels after LHRH (0.1 mg/m2) 13.9 ±3.7 and 2.6 ± 0.43 miu/ml respectively. The data demonstrated a significant increase of plasma testosterone and post LHRH LH peak levels in boys with central precocious puberty when compared with pre‐pubertal controls. The patients at stage P2 exhibited high levels of plasma testosterone contrasting with the degree of pubertal maturation, high values of TeBG and low responses to LHRH which were in the pre‐pubertal range. These findings suggest that the testicular sensitivity to LH increases early in boys with central precocious puberty, while the testosterone responsiveness, both, at peripheral and hypothalamic levels, is delayed.
THE TURNOVER TIME OF CALCIUM IN THE EXCHANGEABLE POOLS OF BONE IN MAN AND THE LONG‐TERM EFFECT OF A PARATHYROID HORMONE FRAGMENT
Authors: REEVE J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY(1) A non‐compartmental method is described for analysing the kinetics of the exchange of calcium between the bloodstream and the exchangeable bone pools. (2) This method has been applied to studies on osteoporotic patients treated with low doses of an active fragment of human parathyroid hormone. The data of Phang et al. (1969), who studied the effects of dietary calcium peturbation on normal volunteers, were also analysed. (3) It was found that in response to chronic PTH treatment the transit time of calcium in the exchangeable pools decreased. This could not be explained by the observed changes in the calcium accretion rate to the fixed bone pools, and it was necessary to postulate an alteration in the ratio of the rate constants governing the interchange of calcium between bloodstream and exchangeable pools. (4) The changes in the behaviour of the exchangeable pools in response to dietary perturbation could not be explained by the postulated increase in endogenous PTH secretion rate in response to dietary calcium restriction.
HUMAN THYROID ADENYLATE CYCLASE IN NON‐TOXIC GOITRE: SENSITIVITY TO TSH, FLUORIDE AND THYROID STIMULATING IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Authors: BECH KARINE , MADSEN STIG NISTRUP 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHomogenates prepared from human thyroid tissue obtained at operation for non‐toxic goitre were separated by differential centrifugation into 1000 g, 5000 g, 10,000 g and 37,000 g fractions. The fractions showed varying amounts of TSH (12.5 mu/ml) and fluoride (10 mmol/1) sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. The 5000 g pellet contained the highest amount of TSH‐sensitive adenylate cyclase activity calculated per mg protein. Of other potential activators tested only fluoride, immunoglobulins from patients with Graves' disease and adrenaline (10−6 mol/l) caused significant stimulation in this fraction, which was selected for further studies.Maximal activation of adenylate cyclase was obtained with 75 mu TSH/ml incubate, half maximal stimulation with 2.9 mu TSH/ml and detectable stimulation was found with 0.0125 mu TSH/ml. Supramaximal concentrations (1.25 u/ml) gave a decreased response. Stimulation with TSH resulted in a linear production of cyclic AMP for 40–60 min dependent on the TSH concentration. 30 min pre‐incubation of homogenate with TSH at 4°C did not influence the response after addition of ATP‐buffer and subsequent incubation at 37°C, suggesting a very rapid equilibrium for binding of TSH to its receptor after addition of ATP‐buffer to the system.In the 5000 g fraction stimulation of adenylate cyclase with TSH 12.5–75 mu/ml incubate exceeded that obtained with fluoride, and when combined in maximal concentrations an additive effect was observed after incubation for 40 and 60 min, but not after 10 and 20 min, and fluoride caused a linearization of the cAMP response to maximally stimulatory concentrations of TSH. Thus, fluoride appears to maintain the TSH stimulated adenylate cyclases in a maximally activated state.The 5000 g fraction was sensitive to stimulation with immunoglobulins (TSI) from ten of eleven randomly selected patients with untreated Graves' disease. TSI stimulated adenylate cyclase activity could exhibit a lag‐phase of at least 20 min, and stimulation was most readily detected after 60 min incubation at 37°C. The TSI preparations from patients with Graves' disease exhibit varying degrees of lag‐phase indicating that TSI is a heterologous class of immunoglobulins with activation kinetics distinctly different from those of TSH.
THE DISAPPEARANCE OF HCG AND RETURN OF PITUITARY FUNCTION AFTER ABORTION
Authors: LÄHTEENMÄKI P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPlasma concentrations of HCG/LH and FSH were monitored after a first trimester abortion in eighteen healthy female volunteers three times weekly until the onset of first menstruation. Plasma concentrations of the HCG were measured with a specific RIA for the beta subunit (β‐sub‐HCG) from the samples of six of these subjects.The elimination of HCG during the first 12 days was studied from plasma concentrations measured by the radioimmunoassay of LH. The experimental data were well explained by a mathematical model consisting of three exponentially decreasing components. The half‐lives of the two more slowly decreasing components were 27 and 168 h. The estimate of the complete disappearance of HCG was 37.7 days, when the specific (β‐sub‐HCG) assay was used.Recovery of pituitary function occurred within 4–9 days after abortion, as judged by increased plasma FSH concentrations. In fourteen of eighteen subjects a midcycle LH peak was observed which occurred between 16 and 29 days after abortion. Plasma oestradiol concentrations increased 2–16 days after the rise in plasma FSH. Considerable amounts of HCG still circulated in the blood but the pre‐ovulatory peak of oestradiol never began before HCG/LH concentrations had decreased to below the range of the mid‐cycle LH peak.
GONADOTROPHIN, THYROTROPHIN AND PROLACTIN RESERVE IN β THALASSAEMIA
Authors: LANDAU H. , SPITZ I. M. , CIVIDALLI G. , RACHMILEWITZ E. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYGonadotrophin (Gn), thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) reserve was evaluated in patients (aged 12–26 years old) with β thalassaemia. Abnormalities were detected in Gn reserve only. When compared with young adult controls, three of the four female patients and one of the two adult males had markedly impaired Gn responses to LH‐releasing hormone (LHRH). Of the five prepubertal males, one had no Gn rise following LHRH, while responses in the other four patients were comparable to those in boys with delayed puberty. Only one adult male had an exaggerated LH response to LHRH. TSH and PRL dynamics were normal. No correlation could be found between the severity of the disturbance in the gonadal axis and the total number of blood transfusions. Our findings correlate best with the severity of the disease process itself.
ACUTE ENDOCRINE PROFILE OF SULPIRIDE IN THE HUMAN*
Authors: L'HERMITE M. , DENAYER P. , GOLSTEIN J. , VIRASORO E. , VANHAELST L. , COPINSCHI G. , ROBYN C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYNormal men and normally menstruating women received i.m. injections of 0.1 to 4.0 mg/kg sulphide. This psychotropic drug induced a very rapid (already significant after 5 minutes) and sustained (still significant after 7 hours) elevation of prolactin (PRL) concentrations in all subjects with no consistent modification of LH and FSH. After injection of 4.0 mg/kg, there was similarly no modification of mean TSH concentrations in the women tested in the luteal phase, as well as of mean GH levels in men. Sulpiride prevented the inhibitory effect on PRL levels of 500 mg levodopa, administered orally simultaneously; levodopa administered 2 hours prior to sulpiride failed to counteract the PRL‐stimulatory effect of sulpiride. Under chronic sulpiride‐induced hyperprolactinaemia, levodopa exhibited however a very slight inhibitory effect on PRL concentrations. These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that sulpiride acts mainly at the pituitary level by blocking dopamine receptors of the lactotropes and support the concept that the menstrual cycle perturbations observed under chronic sulpiride administration result from hyperprolactinaemia itself or from a mechanism quite similar to that by which sulpiride induces hyperprolactinaemia.
AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE AND THE POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA‐GIANT CELL ARTERITIS SYNDROME
Authors: DENT R. G. , EDWARDS O. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn a study of 250 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, seven (2.8%) were found to have polymyalgia rheumatica or giant cell arteritis. All cases occurred in female patients over the age of 60 years, a prevalence in this group of 9.3%. No cases of either disorder were seen in a control population of 150 female patients over the age of 50 years attending a cardiac clinic at the same hospital. Awareness of this association may allow earlier diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome in elderly patients with thyroid disease.
UNILATERAL ADRENALECTOMY AND PITUITARY IRRADIATION IN THE TREATMENT OF ACTH‐DEPENDENT CUSHING'S DISEASE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: LANDAU B. , LEIBA S. , KAUFMAN H. , SERVADIO C. , WAINRACH B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn four juvenile patients with Cushing's disease, the therapeutic approach used was unilateral adrenalectomy followed by irradiation of the pituitary. The follow‐up time of these patients has ranged from 1.5 to 10 years. All four are clinically well. Concentrations of adrenal steroids are within normal limits and they require no additional medication. It is felt that this method gives young patients the chance for normal growth and pubertal development as well as a normal social life, so important in the stressful adolescent years, thus avoiding the handicap incurred by bilateral adrenalectomy and the consequent requirement for continuous substitution therapy.
PITUITARY‐GONADAL FUNCTION IN XYY AND XXY MEN IDENTIFIED IN A POPULATION SURVEY
Authors: SCHIAVI RAUL C. , OWEN DAVID , FOGEL MARVIN , WHITE DANIEL , SZECHTER RENATA 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYEvidence on pituitary‐gonadal function in XYY subjects has been inconclusive and based, for the most part, on selected samples such as institutionalized individuals or subjects examined for particular behavioural or medical characteristics. We report the results of a double‐blind hormonal study of a sample from an entire well‐defined birth cohort of men. The starting population included all males born in Copenhagen during the period 1944–1947 comprising 31,436 individuals. Chromosome determinations conducted on 4139 men representing the top 15.9% of the height distribution of the sample identified 12 XYY and 16 XXY men. All the XYY subjects and 14 XXYs consented to participate in an individual case study and were individually matched to XY controls selected from the total sample. The XYY men had significantly higher plasma concentrations of LH, FSH and testosterone than matched XY controls. There were no differences in testicular size and in the reported number of children between the XYYs and control group. XXY men from the same population showed significantly higher LH and FSH, lower concentrations of testosterone, had smaller testes and reported fewer children than their matched controls.
EFFECT OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ON PITUITARY‐TESTICULAR FUNCTION
Authors: WANG CHRISTINA , CHAN VIVIAN , TSE T. F. , YEUNG ROSE T. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of acute myocardial infarction on the secretions of LH, FSH and testosterone was studied in thirteen male patients. Plasma testosterone fell transiently on the fourth day after acute myocardial infarction. This was accompanied by a rise in LH on the same day which persisted for a week after infarction. Serum FSH showed no significant change. The data suggest that following the medical stress of myocardial infarction, testosterone concentration was suppressed resulting in a compensatory rise in LH.
THE EFFECT OF α ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKADE ON THE GLUCAGON‐INDUCED GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSE
Authors: TANAKA T. , SUWA S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of a a adrenergic blockade (phentolamine) on glucagon‐induced growth hormone response was tested in five normal men. There was no significant difference in growth hormone concentrations between the glucagon test and the glucagon‐phentolamine test (mean maximum level, 23.4 ± 3.7 ng/ml and 23.1 ± 5.9 ng/ml, respectively). Insulin secretion was significantly higher (P < 0.025) 30 and 60 min after an injection of glucagon in the glucagon‐phentolamine test. The results suggest that the stimulation of growth hormone secretion by glucagon is not mediated through an a adrenergic mechanism.
PHARMACOKINETICS OF 1‐DESAMINO‐8‐D‐ARGININE VASOPRESSIN (DDAVP) IN PATIENTS WITH CENTRAL DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Authors: PULLAN P. T. , BURGER H. G. , JOHNSTON C. I. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe pharmacokinetic parameters and biological duration of action of DDAVP were measured in five patients with central diabetes insipidus of differing severity. Plasma half‐life correlated significantly with the duration of action (r= 0.89, P < 0.05), but there was no correlation between the severity of diabetes insipidus and either plasma half‐life or duration of action of DDAVP.