bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
19 Reading Gregory of Nyssa on Language, Theology, and the Language of Theology
Authors: Ludlow Morwenna 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
This chapter argues that the bringing together of readings of Gregory by Scot Douglass, John Milbank, and Sarah Coakley raises the question of the influence of modern and postmodern philosophies, for they are clearly influenced by postmodernism in rather different ways. Scot Douglass is particularly interested in the interface between theology, literature, and philosophy, and this can be seen not only in the kind of recent philosophy he engages with, but also in the conclusions he draws from Gregory's theology. John Milbank is reacting against what he sees as various errors of modernity. Sarah Coakley's reading of Gregory bears some similarities to Milbank's in its relatively sympathetic interest in Gregory's Platonism, and her hope that Gregory's theology provides a model for breaking down some of the givens of ‘modernism’.
9 Strong Parties in a Struggling Party System
Authors: Langston Joy 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPolitical parties played a crucial role in negotiating Mexico's drawn-out transition and are central actors in the nation's new democracy. Mexico has a stable three-party system and its three major parties win over 90% of the vote in federal elections and 95% of the legislative seats. The parties are well funded, control most candidate nominations, and are largely able to dictate the legislative behaviour of their partisans in congress. The strong three-party system does not produce legislative majorities, making major structural reform more difficult. Mexican voters use partisan cues to make electoral decisions and independent candidates are constitutionally prohibited. Despite these strengths, in public opinion polls Mexican citizens regularly rate parties among the least trusted public institutions.
Analysis and Treatment: Methodological and Epistemological Prolegomena
Authors: Tsouna Voula 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis chapter examines Philodemus' method of analysis and treatment in the ethical treatises. It comments on some general features of Philodemus' empirical approach to ethics, many of which are developed in his work On Signs and are also found in his treatment of various arts and sciences, moral education, and even religion. These features comprise Philodemus' reliance on observation and experience, and his use of methods of reasoning that are focused on experience or directed towards it; the development of the medical analogy in connection with such methods; the kind of definitions intended to describe ethical concepts; and Philodemus' appeal to preconception in order to solve problems in practical ethics. On these counts, Philodemus remains close to the canonical tradition of his school, and expands it in ways appropriate to his own project.
Therapeutic Tactics
Authors: Tsouna Voula 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe theoretical analysis of vices and emotions has a practical goal: namely, their detection and removal. This chapter offers a rapid survey of Philodemus' methods of treatment and determines the place that they occupy in the therapeutics of the Hellenistic era. There are at least two ways of doing such a survey: vertical and horizontal. A vertical treatment could be a matter of going through the treatises one by one and studying the methods employed in each treatise concerning a single trait or a cluster of related traits. Horizontal approaches are broader and more conceptual. They cut across long time periods, geographical areas, schools, and objects of treatment.
1 The Decline of Christendom
Authors: McLeod Hugh 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
This chapter begins by discussing some of the main theories advanced by historians and sociologists to explain the religious crisis of the 1960s. It then suggests a historical framework within which the dramatic developments in that decade can be understood. It argues that to understand the unique atmosphere of the 1960s one also has to take account of specific events and movements. In particular, three stand out as being of pivotal significance in the political and religious radicalization and polarization during that decade, namely the US Civil Rights Movement, the Vietnam War, and the Second Vatican Council.
3 The Early 1960s
Authors: McLeod Hugh 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
This chapter examines the trends towards greater moral and religious pluralism; at the undermining of respect and deference, which affected all established institutions, including the churches; at the signs of discontent within the various ideologically-based subcultures which had been a major aspect of life in most west European countries in the first half of the 20th century; at demands for reform in the church and at the radicalization of Christian students; at the changes in the relationship between ‘public’ and ‘private’; and at the still modest decline in church-going that was under way in the United States and also Britain, France, and West Germany. It is shown that the ‘early 1960s’ from about the later 1950s to 1962 or 1963 provided a bridge between the post-war years, with their urgent demands to return to normality and the all-embracing spirit of experiment and iconoclasm in the late 1960s; between the coldest years of the cold war and the utopian hopes of ‘1968’. Major religious changes were already under way: the post-war church-going boom had come to an end; the power and prestige which the churches had often enjoyed in the years after the war and the associated atmosphere of moral conservatism were increasingly resented and were coming under attack. It was also a time when reformers and radicals were making their voices heard again within the churches.
Will the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) persist in the Pacific Northwest?
Authors: Behrens Yamada Sylvia , Gillespie Graham E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBehrens Yamada, S., and Gillespie, G. E. 2008. Will the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) persist in the Pacific Northwest? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 725–729. A strong cohort of young European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) appeared in North American embayments from Oregon to the west coast of Vancouver Island following the strong El Niño of 1997/1998. Unusually, strong north-moving coastal currents transported crab larvae from established source populations in California to the Pacific Northwest. Since then, both coastal transport and recruitment of young green crabs have been weaker. Although it was predicted that green crabs would become extinct in the Pacific Northwest once the original colonists died of senescence at about age 6, this has not happened. Age-class analysis and the appearance of young crabs evidence the existence of local recruitment in the Pacific Northwest, especially after warm winters. An extensive survey by Fisheries and Oceans Canada found populations of green crabs on the west coast of Vancouver Island, with densities of >2 per trap in some inlets. However, no green crabs were found in the inland sea between Vancouver Island and the mainland. Therefore, outreach efforts should continue to prevent the establishment of this invader in those waters via ballast water or shellfish transport.
Abnormal interhemispheric integration and schizophrenia
Authors: Hunter Mick , Green Paul 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn investigation of speech comprehension in schizophrenic patients is described. Using the Neale Test of Reading Ability subjects are presented with a comprehension task in which information is presented on tape either to the left ear alone, the right ear alone or both ears together. Subjects are scored for correct responses to questions about the presented texts. Significant differences in measures of ear‐difference and laterality quotient were found between two schizophrenic (acute and chronic) and two control (neurotic and normal) groups and significant differences in binaural quotient measures were found between acute schizophrenics and control groups. The results are interpreted in terms of possible abnormalities of interhemispheric integration in schizophrenia.
Effect of Feedback on Verbal and Non‐verbal Courtesy in a Bank Setting
Authors: Elizur Dov 
Published: January 2008

On a essayé, dans le cadre de cette recherche, ďidentifier, de mesurer et de renforcer ľamabilité des employés de banque envers leurs clients. Le comporte‐ment ďaccueil comprend quatre dimensions: les deux premières sont des conduites verbales (formules de salutations et depolitesse) et les deux autres des réponses non verbales (le sourire et le contact visuei, c'est‐à‐dire ľélévation du regard vers ľinterlocuteur). Les observations furent confiées à des enquêteurs se tenant dans la file ďattente aux heures de pointe. Durant la phase de formation, on a montre ľimportance de ľamabilité envers les clients et pratiqué la feedback et les encouragements. ľefficacité de ľintervention a étéévaluée sous plusieurs aspects. La fréquence des réponses a considérablement augmenté après la formation. Les résultats prouvent qu'une réalité abstraite comme ľamabilité envers les clients peut être définie comportementalement, observée directement et statistiquement améliorée.The present study attempted to identify, measure, and reinforce friendly behaviour by bank personnel toward customers. Four behavioural responses which represent friendly relations to customers were identified. Two are verbal responses, including (1) words of greeting, and (2) words of courtesy. The other two are nonverbal responses, including (1) eye contact (raising one's gaze to look at the person), and (2) smiling. Observations were made during high load hours by observers standing in line among customers. Intervention consisted of explaining the importance of friendly relations with customers, feedback, and praise. A multiple baseline design was applied to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Response frequency increased considerably following intervention. The results demonstrate that an abstract trait, such as friendly relations with customers, could be behaviourally denned, directly observed, and its frequency increased.
Changing Interests of Women: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Hansen Jo‐Ida C. 
Published: January 2008

Depuis quelques 50 ans, les psychologues utilisent le “Strong Vocational Interest Blank” (SVIB) pour mesurer les motivations professionnelles; la longue histoire du SVIB et le récent collationnement d'un grand nombre d‘échantillons de professionnels interrogés avec des versions antérieures du SVIB, ont rendu possible l'analyse des données recueillies sur de longues périodes de temps, déterminant l'impact de l'Histoire sur la société et par voie de conséquence sur les motivations professionnelles. Les résultats de six professions autant féminines que masculines “en général”, furent utilisées pour étudier deux points: le premier, l'identification du changement général des motivations professionnelles dans la société, le second, l'augmentation ou la diminution des différences entre les motivations des femmes et des hommes depuis 50 ans. Les résultats illustrèrent la ténacité et la stabilité des motivations des femmes et des hommes “en général” autant que des individus oceupant des professions particulières, comme ils montrèrent également d'une façon claire l’élasticité des différences sexuelles dans les aptitudes aux changements.Over 50 years ago, psychologists began using the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) to measure occupational interests; the lengthy history of the SVIB and the recent collection of a large number of occupational samples that were represented on earlier versions of the SVIB have made it possible to analyse interest data collected over long time spans to determine the impact of history on society and, consequently, on vocational interests. Data for six occupations, as well as for Women‐ and Men‐in‐General, were used to explore two areas; first, general changes in the occupational interests of society were identified, and second, differences between female and male interests were examined to determine if the differences had increased or decreased over the last 50 years. Results from the data illustrated the tenacious stability of occupational interests for Women‐ and Men‐in‐General as well as for people in specific occupations. Also, the data graphically illustrated the resilience of sex differences in interests to change.
Coping with Inflation
Authors: Furnham Adrian 
Published: January 2008

Cette étude a pour but de rechercher la relation entre deux groupes de variables prédictives (démographiques comme le sexe, l'âge, l'éducation et le revenu, et psychosociales comme le conservatisme, la croyance en l'éthique du travail), et les critères de mesure des différentes réactions à l'inflation. 250 sujets britanniques, d'une grande variété socioprofessionnelle, remplirent les questionnaires standardisés. L'âge, le revenu et l'aliénation sont les meilleures variables prédictives du changement complet de style de vie que les sujets attribuent à l'inflation. Les corrélations canoniques montrent aussi que les individus a revenu élevé, et très conservateurs, dépensent plus d'argent pour leur voiture et économisent davantage, mais dépensent moins en loisirs. On peut classer en trois catégories les causes d'inflation avancées par les sujets: le socialisme, les agents extérieurs ou les politiques conservatrices. Sauf le sexe et le vote, toutes les variables sont expliquées par ces trois facteurs. L'ensemble des résultats suggère qu'à la fois facteurs économiqucs et psychologiques dépendent des perceptions, des explications et des réactions des sujets à l'inflation.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between two sets of predictor variables (demographic such as sex, age, education, and income, and psychographic such as conservatism, belief in the work ethic) and the criterion variables of various reactions to inflation. Over 250 British people from a variety of different backgrounds completed a number of standardised questionnaires. Age, income, and alienation were the best predictors of the subjects' self‐reported overall change in lifestyle as a consequence of inflation. Also canonical correlations showed that higher‐income, more conservative people report spending more money on cars and save more but spend less on entertainment. The subjects' explanations for inflation tended to fall into three categories: blaming socialist institutions, external factors or conservative policies. Apart from sex and vote all the variables loaded on these three factors. Overall the results suggest that both economic and psychological factors are relevant to how people perceive, explain, and react to inflation.
Discourse from Home to School
Authors: Watson Rita , Shapiro Jon 
Published: January 2008

Il a étéétabli qu'un style de discours oral est associéà un type de scolarité et à une certaine éducation. Le langage décontextualisé, ou le langage scolaire comme il est quelquefois appelé, a été mis en cause dans l'apprentissage scolaire et dans l'acquisition de la culture. L'étude présentée explore les corrélations entre le discours parents—enfants utilisant de bonne heure un langage décontextualisé (lecture de livres) et la performance s'ensuivant dans un champ d'attitudes pré‐culturelles et des tâches scolaires. Le choix lexical des parents et des enfants dans le discours sur la lecture de livres est liéà la réussite de tâches formelles telles que définir, et aux attitudes précoces de l'enfant vis‐à‐vis de l'imprimé. Il apparait qu'il y a relation entre l'utilisation par les parents et les enfants d'un langage décontextualisé et les possibilités de réussite scolaire des enfants.It has been argued that a style of oral discourse is associated with formal schooling and the uses of literacy. Decontextualised language, or the language of schooling as it is sometimes called, has been implicated in the child's transition to schooling and acquisition of literacy. A study is presented which explores relations between parent–child discourse in an early decontextualised language context (bookreading) and the child's subsequent performance on a range of pre‐literacy skills and school‐related tasks. Parent's and child's lexical choice in bookreading discourse is found to be related to the child's subsequent performance in formal task contexts such as definition, and also to the child's early concepts about print. It appears that there is a relation between parent‐child use of decontextualised language and the child's subsequent school‐related skills.
Time Perspective and Organisational Involvement
Authors: Darasse Claire 
Published: January 2008

Une étude comparative des horizons temporels de deux groupes appariés de militants appartenant à des organisations contrastées sur le plan idéologique (Parti Communiste et Union Féderale des Consommateurs), montre qu'il existe une difference suivant l'appartenance. L'hypothèse étant que le choix par le sujet d'un groupe d'appartenance est fonction de l'articulation entre son horizon temporel et les temporalités sociales véhiculées par le groupe.This paper analyses the differential time perspectives held by people belonging to organisations with different ideological outlooks (Communist Party members and members of a consumers' union). The two groups are found to differ significantly in their time perspectives. The paper advances the hypothesis that organisational choice is a function of the match between a person's time perspective and the one held by members of the organisation.
Psychological Studies on Human Responses to Noise in Japan
Authors: Namba Seiichiro 
Published: January 2008

On présente les études psychologiques du bruit au Japon. Pour ce qui est des travaux de laboratoire, il y a beaucoup d'études psychophysiques portant sur la relation entre des indices physiques et des réponses subjectives au bruit. Dans de nombreux cas, on démontre l'intérêt des indices basés sur l'énergie. Il est clairement établi par les enquetês psychosociologiques qu'il existe une grande variété de niveaux d'acceptation de sources sonores particuliéres. En outre, la constellation des facteurs culturels et sociaux peut influencer les attitudes face au son de différences maniéres.Psychological studies of noise in Japan are introduced. For laboratory situations, there are many psychophysical studies concerning the relationship between physical descriptors and subjective responses to noise. In many cases, the advantages of energy‐based descriptors such as LAeq (equivalent continuous A‐weighted sound pressure level in decibels) and LAE (sound exposure level with A‐weighting) are shown. For social surveys, it is fairly clear that there are a variety of degrees of acceptance of particular sound sources. At the same time, the general background of social and cultural factors can influence attitudes to sound in particular ways.
Community Psychology in Japan: A Historical Review
Authors: Ando Nobuo 
Published: January 2008

Dans cette rétrospective historique, nous retraçons le développement de la communauté psychologique japonaise des années 1960 aux années 1980 en distinguant trois périodes: la période de démarrage (fin décennie 60), la période allant de la naissance aux premiers balbutiements (décennie 70) et la période du développement et de l'indépendance (décennie 80). De plus, nous précisons le statut actuel de la communauté psychologique japonaise et présentons une brève discussion sur les problémes à règler dans le futur.In this historical review, we trace the development of Japan's community psychology from the 1960s to the 1980s by dividing it into three periods: the quickening period (late 1960s), a period from birth to toddling age (1970s) and a period of development and independence (1980s). In addition, we outline the present status of Japan's community psychology and present a brief discussion on some problems to be addressed in the future.
Counselling Psychology in Japan
Authors: Fukuhara Machiko 
Published: January 2008

Les caractéristiques du conseil psychologique au Japon ont été passées en revue selon les points‐de‐vues suivants: (1) l'histoire du conseil psychologique. (2) le conseil psychologique aujourd'hui, (3) le conseil psychologique comparé au psychologue clinicien. (4) l'avenir du conseil psychologique, et (5) le conseil psychologique appliqué au, conseil d'etudiants. Au Japon, le conseil psychologique est encore jeune, si Ton en juge par sa familiarité chez les professionnels comme chez les non‐professionnels, probablement autant à cause des caractéristiques nationales des japonais que du système scolaire. Il semble important que le conseil psychologique sauvegarde son identitéà I'intérieur des disciplines de la psychologie appliquée et/ou de la psychologie de la santé.The outlook for counselling psychology in Japan has been reviewed from the following viewpoints: (1) the history of counselling psychology, (2) counselling psychology today, (3) counselling psychology compared with clinical psychology, (4) the future of counselling psychology, and (5) counselling psychology applied to student counselling. It is found that counselling psychology in Japan is still young in terms of its familiarity to both professionals and non‐professionals, probably because of the national characteristics of the Japanese as well as the certification system. It seems to be important for counselling psychology to secure its identity within the discipline of applied psychology and/or health psychology.
Tacit Skills, the Japanese Management Model and New Technology
Authors: Wood Stephen 
Published: January 2008

Après brièvement présenter la notion de capacité implicite et le débat qu'elle suscite, l'auteur la replace dans le modèle japonais de management. II remarque que l'un des traits distinctifs de ce modèle est un style particulier de participation, à savoir l'implication explicite des ouvriers dans le processus technique. Néanmoins, la différenciation et la signification précise de cette implication découlent des innovations plus globales dans le management de la production. Ces innovations ont modifié certains traits de la gestion traditionnelle de la production. Les stocks tampons, le contrôle de qualité centralisé et la domination de l'ingénieur ont été remis en cause dans le cadre des concepts japonais. L'auteur tire les conséquences des questions soulevées pour le débat portant sur la technologie et l'organisation du travail, y compris pour l'argument que les nouvelles technologies annoncent la fin du taylorisme et du fordisme.After briefly introducing the concept of tacit skills and the debate surrounding it, the author relates it to the Japanese management model. He suggests that one of the distinctive features of the Japanese model is a specific type of participation, the explicit involvement of workers in industrial engineering. Nevertheless, the precise meaning and distinctiveness of this worker involvement derives from the wider innovations in production management, such as Kanban and Kaizen, as well as the other aspects of enterprise personnel policies which buttress it. Such innovations have reversed certain features of conventional production management. Buffer stocks, centralised quality control and the sovereignty of the industrial engineer have all been questioned within Japanese concepts. The author draws out the implication of some of the issues raised by this discussion for the debate about technology and work organisation, including the argument that the new technology heralds the end of Fordism and Taylorism.