bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Pattern, Physical, and Behavioral Trends in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Acharya Ashwitha , Shetty Shilpa S. , Shetty Prasanna Kumar , Kumari N. Suchetha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context:
Dietary intake and physical activity play a significant role in improving health parameters such as enhancing mood, strengthening visceral organ functions, and reducing the progression of chronic diseases. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine and metabolic condition that concerns women of reproductive age presenting hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology.

Aims:
This study aimed to assess the quality of life and dietary patterns in women with and without PCOS, which may assist in identifying the possible factors linked to PCOS.

Settings and Design:
The cross-sectional study was conducted Central Research Laboratory, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, KSHEMA-IVF Unit and Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Justice K. S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, Mangalore.

Methods:
With the sample size of 45 (23 women with PCOS diagnosed based on Rotterdam criteria and 20 women as healthy control aged between 18 and 40 years), we investigated the sociodemographic dietary intake, quality of life, sleep, and physical activity using a semi-validated questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis:
Obtained data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test with P < 0.05.

Results:
The results indicate that total energy, carbohydrate, protein, and total dietary fiber, including soluble dietary fiber intake, was significantly lower in women with PCOS than the healthy group. No clear relation was identified between lifestyle and PCOS indices.

Conclusions:
The present study suggests dietary intake and associated nutrient patterns may indeed play an imperative role in the management of PCOS symptoms, but physical activity and quality of life may need further investigation.
Immunohistochemical Observation and Correlation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Downstream Signaling Proteins with Plasma Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Levels in Breast Cancer
Authors: Roopashree P. G. , Shetty Shilpa S. , Shetty Vijith Vittal , Suhasini P. C. , Shetty Praveen Kumar , Kumari N. Suchetha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to correlate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) downstream signaling molecules with plasma medium-chain fatty acids in breast cancer (BC).

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and sixteen plasma samples were collected from BC and control subjects. mRNA was extracted and gene expression of mRNA was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Plasma levels of phosphorylated EGFR (p-EGFR), p-Akt, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) were measured using an ELISA kit. Thirty BC tissue sections were used to analyze the expression of EGFR/p-EGFR, Akt/p-Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p-mTOR by immunohistochemistry.

Results:
The relative mRNA expression levels of EGFR, Akt, and mTOR were high in BC compared to the control subjects, whereas plasma levels of phosphorylated EGFR downstream signaling molecules were upregulated in BC patients, which was statistically significant. The expression of p-EGFR was high in both the cytoplasm and the nuclei, and also, the higher the expression of the downstream molecules in BC tissue sections.

Conclusion:
In the present investigation, there was a noteworthy inverse relationship between plasma levels of caprylic and lauric acid and the expression of EGFR downstream signaling molecules in BC. These findings suggest that EGFR signaling in BC may be efficiently repressed by increasing the amount of caprylic and lauric acid supplements taken through diet.
Is there an association between head and neck cancer diagnosis and self-reported dental fear? A dual-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Maeda Claudia Y. , Serrano Rafael V. , Campos Luana , Palma Luiz F. , Marcucci Marcelo 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Mental distress is highly reported in cancer patients, resulting in anxiety and depression most of the time. Both conditions, in turn, are recognized to be related to dental fear in adults; however, there are no studies on patients suffering from head and neck cancer. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate whether newly diagnosed patients with head and neck cancer are more prone to self-reported dental fear.

Material and Methods:
This dual-center cross-sectional study was conducted with 25 healthy outpatients and 25 patients with a recent diagnosis of head and neck cancer, all requiring dental care. The patients were informed at the first appointment about their dental therapy planning and the Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Dental Fear Survey (DFS) questionnaire was then applied after appropriate instructions.

Results:
The DFS total scores did not differ statistically between the groups (Mann–Whitney U test, P = 0,120) but the Cancer Group presented a slightly higher mean score (32.2 ± 10.0) than the Control Group (30.0 ± 14.2).

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this study, newly diagnosed patients with head and neck cancer and healthy individuals seem to experience similar self-reported dental fear.
Evaluation of the non-endoscopic and endoscopic-assisted platysma flap – A randomized control trial
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Pal Uma Shanker , Mohammad Shadab , Singh Vibha , Kumar Vijay , Agrawal Amiya , Singh Aastha 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
As oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic progressive disorder, the treatment is based on the severity of the disease. Surgical treatment is the only choice for grade III and grade IV OSMF cases because the patient can neither clean his/her mouth nor properly chew. The resulting soft tissue defect requires resurfacing with various well-vascularized tissues such as extraoral flaps, intraoral flaps, microvascular flaps, and allografts that have been used. Reconstruction of the resultant defects proved to be challenging. Till date, none of the flaps has been proven to be effective and is universally accepted for the treatment of OSMF because of various drawbacks of the available techniques. This study was conducted to know whether an endoscopic-assisted platysma flap is associated with better outcomes in terms of ease of operation and postoperative function than the conventional approach.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 40 patients of grade III and grade IV OSMF reporting to the outpatient department of oral and maxillofacial surgery in a tertiary center of North India. These patients were divided randomly into two groups. Group I and Group II had 20 patients each, undergoing endoscopic-assisted platysma flap and non–endoscopic-assisted platysma flap for reconstruction after resection of OSMF bands, respectively. Data were analyzed for the mouth opening, operating time, flap viability, congestion of neck and oral cavity, signs of inflammation, neurologic assessment, and measurement of the drain.

Results:
The results showed significant increase in mouth opening from the preoperative value to the values immediately after surgery and at 24 h, 1 week, 15 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery in both the study groups. Reduced bleeding incidence was found in group I compared to group II, with better postoperative outcomes noted during follow-up. But the mean intraoperative time of the subjects in group I was 130.80 ± 5.5.908 min and in group II was 105.74 ± 2. 491 min. Increased time taken in group I may be due to the long learning curve.

Conclusion:
The present study concluded that the Endoscope-assisted technique has a key role during supra and subplatysmal dissection to allow for better accessibility, handling, and visibility of the flap and its orientation in relation to the underlying structures to avoid postoperative complications and to overcome the drawback of platysma myocutaneous flap in reconstruction of OSMF defects.
Interim management of Pierre Robin sequence using a custom-made face mask
Authors: Kulkarni Vishal , Senthil Kumar C , Rath Mukti K. , Singh Madhu 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Pierre Robin sequence poses a great challenge for anesthesiologists during laryngoscopy and intubation, making oxygenation and ventilation difficult. The role of early surgical intervention is recommended for the improvement of the airway and overall survival of the neonate. The situation becomes even more challenging, when the neonate may not be fit for such surgical interventions. The present case posed such a challenge to the team. To the authors’ knowledge, the decision to use a face mask as an interim life-saving measure was considered for the first time. This provided a greater window of opportunity for further course of action, only to be later managed by distraction osteogenesis of the mandible. The unconventional use of orthopedic appliances for the management of threatened airways may provide the clinician with time, where further management may be carried out. The present article will explain such a procedure that was carried out as a life-saving measure.
Effects of nasal desmopressin spray versus topical epinephrine on surgical field clarity and hemodynamics in endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: a randomized clinical study
Authors: El Sayed Mohamed G.M. , Medhat Marwa M. , Salem Dina A.E. , Khedr Marwa A.M. , Kamel Alshaimaa A.F. 
Published: March 2024

Background
A bloodless surgical field coupled with stable hemodynamics is pivotal for successful surgical intervention, especially in endonasal surgeries. This study investigates the effect of intranasal desmopressin spray in reducing surgical bleeding and on hemodynamics compared with topical epinephrine in patients scheduled for endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR).

Methods
Fifty-two patients were randomly allocated into two groups in this double-blind clinical study: Desmopressin group (n=26): patients received two puffs of desmopressin acetate 10 μg/puff in the side of the nasal cavity ipsilateral to the obstructed lacrimal duct (20 µg totally) 60 min before the surgery. Epinephrine group (n=26): patients received topical 1 : 100 000 epinephrine in the nasal cavity ipsilateral to the obstructed lacrimal duct via 3 soaked packs placed in the middle meatus for 5 min after induction of general anesthesia and before the start of surgery.

Results
The median clarity of the surgical field based on the BOEZAART grading system was significantly clearer in the desmopressin group compared with epinephrine group. The duration of surgery was significantly shorter in the desmopressin group (66.92±5.04 min) compared with epinephrine group (71.73±5.45 min). Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were statistically significant higher in epinephrine group compared to the desmopressin group at 2 and 5 min after topical epinephrine compared with desmopressin group.

Conclusion
Pre-emptive 20 ug single dose of intranasal desmopressin provides a clear surgical field with no hemodynamics effects compared with topical epinephrine in patients undergoing endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. Clinicaltrial.gov (ref: NCT05507476, date of registration: 18-8–2022).
The role of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of nail affection of psoriasis and lichen planus
Authors: Kamel Yara M. , Ali Moshira M. , El-Sebaei Hoda K. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Nail disorders comprise ∼10% of all dermatological conditions. Because diagnosis is not always possible by clinical means alone, additional diagnostic procedures may be required at times. Dermoscopy of nails (onychoscopy) has shown promising results in diagnosing various nail disorders.

Aim
To study the dermoscopic nail findings in psoriasis and lichen planus.

Patients and methods
A total of 80 patients with clinically evident psoriasis and lichen planus of nail were included in this study. They were classified into two groups: group 1 included 40 patients with nail psoriasis and group 2 included 40 patients with nail lichen planus. All patients were examined clinically and by dermoscope for criteria of psoriasis and lichen planus of the nails.

Results
In psoriatic patients, pitting is the commonest finding observed clinically and by dermoscope. Splinter hemorrhage, pitting, leukonychia, longitudinal ridging, oil drop sign, and onycholysis are better visualized by dermoscopy, and dilated hyponychial capillaries are detected only by dermoscopy. In patients of lichen planus, longitudinal ridging is the commonest finding observed clinically and by dermoscopy. Longitudinal ridging, pitting, chromonychia, and splinter hemorrhage are better seen by dermoscopy. Linear dyschromic bands are not detected clinically.

Conclusion
Onychoscopy can provide valuable diagnostic information in cases of nail psoriasis and nail lichen planus.
Biosecurity level assessment in commercial poultry farms of central Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Dejene , Aseffa Zerihun , Wirtu Abebe , Sori Teshale 
Published: March 2024

Proper biosecurity practice is crucial in poultry farming to reduce the risk of diseases. A study was conducted in Adama, Ada’a, and Lume districts, central Ethiopia, to assess the biosecurity measures of commercial poultry farms. A total of 51 farms were randomly selected, and their geographical locations were recorded using GPS devices. The biosecurity level of each farm was assessed using an observation checklist and a biosecurity score. The collected data were analyzed using Stata version 16 for binary data, and QGIS version 3.24.1 was used to map the farms. The results of the study showed that the farms were located close together within 5 km square, 3 km square, and 6 km square areas in Ada’a, Lume, and Adama, respectively. The average distance among the farms was 933.8 meters. The majority of the farms were located within 100 meters of residential areas. Only 58.8% of the farms had adequate space between sheds; 60.8% did not have an adequate drainage system. Ninety-eight percent of the farms obtain chicken from certified breeding enterprises; 92.2% provide underground water for their chickens; 80.4% report frequent cleaning and disinfection of farms; and 82.4% disclose vehicle movement control. Nearly one-third (31.4%) of the farms practice isolation of sick birds but keep them within the same shed where healthy birds are kept. The assessment of biosecurity levels of the study farms revealed that 23.5% (n=12) of the farms had a good biosecurity score, while 76.5% (n=39) had a poor score. The biosecurity scores of the farms showed a statistically significant difference among the study districts (p=0.040), with the Lume district having higher biosecurity scores than Adama and Ada’a districts. The age of the farm owners was significantly associated with the biosecurity score (p=0.003); all farms (100%) owned by individuals aged 20 - 39 had good biosecurity scores, and 80% of those farms owned by individuals aged 40 - 59 had good biosecurity. Farms owned by individuals who have previous chicken-rearing experience had better biosecurity scores than those farms owned by non-experienced owners (p<0.001). Among the farms having professional consultants, 57.7% of them had good biosecurity scores, whereas only 12.0% of farms lacking professional consultants had good biosecurity scores (p=0.015). In conclusion, the study revealed that biosecurity measures were not adequately implemented in poultry farms in central Ethiopia. Farm owners, veterinarians, and livestock authorities must collaborate to implement biosecurity measures to minimize the risk of losses and public health.
Detection of aflatoxin in raw and pasteurized milk by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in central Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Sitena , Bacha Belachew , Tefera Belachew , Mamo Gezahegne 
Published: March 2024

Aflatoxins are a group of structurally related mycotoxins produced by the Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus nomius species as secondary metabolites. Well-known forms of Aflatoxin are AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, AFM1, and AFM2. aflatoxin B1 is the most prevalent one. It can be metabolized in the liver and excreted as aflatoxin M1 in milk. Both forms have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. In Ethiopia, there is limited information on the occurrence and contamination level of aflatoxin in raw and pasteurized milk. The present study was conducted in the Addis Ababa milk shed area to detect and quantify the level of Aflatoxin M1 in raw and pasteurized milk. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2020 to May 2021 on a total of 114 cow milk samples consisting of 60 raw milk and 54 pasteurized milk samples with the aim of detecting and quantifying the amount of aflatoxin M1 in raw and pasteurized milk in central Ethiopia by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using C18 column with fluorescence detector. AFM1 was detected in 79 (69.3%) of the 114 tested milk samples. The maximum and mean concentrations were 0.893 µg/L and 0.0465 µg/L, respectively. 25.4% of them contain AFM1 above the maximum limit of EU (0.05 µg/L), and 1.8% contained above the maximum limit of CES278 and FDA (0.5 µg/L). 26.7% of the samples from Sebata and 6.7% from Sululta contain above the maximum limit of EU (0.05 µg/L). Higher contamination of AFM1 was detected in pasteurized milk (96.3%) than in raw milk (16.7%). 35.2% of pasteurized and 16% of raw milk contained AFM1 above the maximum limit of EU0.05 µg /L. The study results showed a significant difference in AFM1 occurrence with feed type, storage time, and milk type. The current AFM1 concentration level in raw and pasteurized milk was not safe for human consumption in the study areas. Due to its heat resistance, AFM1 is found in pasteurized milk and has great health effects. Creating awareness of feed management for feed producers and farmers and developing risk mitigation methods are crucial in order to reduce public health threats.
Effect of supplementing concentrate mixture with field pea hull on yearling ram lambs of local sheep: Nutrient intake, linear body measurements, and changes in body weight
Authors: Adugna Getachew , Bogale Berhane Mekete , Nigussie Helen 
Published: March 2024

The fattening of sheep has been recognized as a potentially profitable activity in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, feed shortage and increasing prices for conventional feed ingredients and commercially formulated concentrate mixtures critically affect the fattening practice of sheep in the country. So, this feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding field pea hull at different inclusion levels with a concentrate mixture on feed intakes, nutrient utilization, linear body measurements, and body weight gain. Eighteen yearling ram lambs were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were T1 (control), fed native hay adlibitum + concentrate mixture formulated using only conventional feed ingredients (0% field pea hull); T2 and T3 were fed native hay adlibitum + concentrate mixture formulated with inclusion of 35% field pea hull and 50% field pea hull, respectively along with other feed ingredients. The feeding trial was conducted for 90 days. Data were analyzed using GLM procedures of SAS, and Turkey’s HSD multiple-comparison was used for means separation. The result showed a significant (p<0.001) variation in dry matter and nutrient intake among treatments. The DMI was the highest in T3, followed by T2, while it was the lowest in T1. The average total neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber intakes and metabolizable energy intake were highest in T3 and followed by T2, while they were the lowest in T1. The average total body weight gain (kg) was higher in T3 (9.0kg) and T2 (8.67kg) than in T1 (6.58kg). Similarly, higher average daily body weight gains were recorded in T3 (100g) and T2 (96.3g) than in T1 (73.2g). Sheep that were fed field pea hull by the inclusion of 50 % in concentrate mixtures (T3) were more efficient in feed utilization (p<0.05) than T1 as they consumed significantly less amount of feed per 1 g of body weight gain. Hence, it is concluded that feeding of 50% field pea hull along with concentrate mixture could be used for better fattening performance of sheep.
Gut microbiota and relevant abundances of<i> Prevotella copri, Lachnospiraceae, Collinsella, Helicobacter cinaedi, Desulfovibrio</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> among cats with <i>Pemphigus foliaceus</i>
Authors: Ural Kerem , Erdogan Hasan , Erdogan Songul , Balikci Cansu 
Published: March 2024

The cat gut-inhabitant conjoint microbiota is a peculiar ecosystem in relationship with several bodily functions and immunity. Gut microbiota dysbiosis could participate within autoimmune disease pathogenesis, whereas its niche, whether causative or influencing role regarding systemic immunity in autoimmune diseases, remains fugitive. The purpose of the present study was to identify gut microbiota alterations and probable mechanisms that participated in the development of Pemphigus foliaceus for a better understanding of future effective therapeutical armamentarium based on gut microbiota. In the present article, the authors investigated gut microbiota alterations to those of eight cats diagnosed with Pemphigus foliaceus. Furthermore, the study thoroughly analyzed pathogenic bacteria species as triggers of autoimmunity. The diagnostic algorithm involved two distinct sides: i) on referral with the first criteria was proof of evidence for possible autoimmunity, and ii) Pemphigus foliaceus diagnosis with relevant analytes. A total of eight cats were enrolled, and gut microbiomes were detected by the use of the MIDOG All-in-One Microbial Test targeting Next-Generation DNA Sequencing. By this methodology, we analyzed the dysbiosis network for bacterial kingdoms and determined the relationship between disease activity related to Pemphigus foliaceus and gut microbiota. The data showed increasing abundances of Collinsella, Lachnospiroceae, and Escherichia coli and decreasing Desulfovibrio piger, Prevotella copri, and Helicobacter cianedi among cats with pemphigus foliaceus. For the first time in Turkey, the gut microbiota of cats with pemphigus foliaceus were detected, the results of which could be cautiously taken into consideration for novel and effective therapeutical approaches.