bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scrutinizing incident reporting in anaesthesia: why is an incident perceived as critical?
Authors: Maaløe R. , La Cour M. , Hansen A. , Hansen E. G. , Hansen M. , Spangsberg N. L. M. , Landsfeldt U. S. , Odorico J. , Olsen K. S. , Møller J. Trier , Pedersen T. 
Published: February 2007

Background:  The purpose of the present study was to measure the incidence and type of incidents that occurred in relation to anaesthesia and surgery during a 1‐year period in six Danish hospitals. Furthermore, we wanted to identify risk factors for incidents, as well as risk factors for incidents being deemed critical.Methods:  A four‐page questionnaire describing patient data, type of anaesthesia and surgery, and occurrence of incidents was filled in for all anaesthesias in the period, and subsequently processed. The incident reporting form incorporated 59 predefined adverse events. The occurrence of one or more of these events described the incident. When the reporting anaesthetist deemed that an incident had harmed the patient, that incident was defined as critical.Results:  A total of 64,312 anaesthesias were reported, and in 7754 of them one or more incidents occurred. A total of 8510 incidents occurred, 4077 of them were solely related to the anaesthetic procedure, 3702 described events related to physiological alterations in the patient (physiological incidents). Three hundred and twenty‐three of the incidents were deemed critical. High ASA score, high age, abdominal surgery, urgent surgery, and complex anaesthetic procedure were significant risk factors for physiological incidents and critical incidents. We could not identify a simple subset of adverse events that could adequately be used to describe the critical incidents. However, complex incidents, i.e. incidents involving more than one adverse event, were more likely to be deemed critical than simple incidents.Conclusion:  The incidence of incidents was 12.1%, and the incidence of critical incidents was 0.5%. Incidents were more likely to be deemed critical in patients with an ASA score of III and above undergoing urgent surgery.
Preferences for shared decision making in chronic pain patients compared with patients during a premedication visit
Authors: Spies C. D. , Schulz C. M. , Weiß‐Gerlach E. , Neuner B. , Neumann T. , Von Dossow V. , Schenk M. , Wernecke K.‐D. , Elwyn G. 
Published: February 2007

Background:  There is some evidence that patients’ outcomes improve if they are involved in shared decision making (SDM). A chronic pain clinic or premedication visit could be adequate settings for the implementation of SDM. So far, the patients’ preference for involvement in decision making and their desire for information have not been tested in anesthesiological settings.Methods:  A group of chronic pain patients was compared with a group of patients in the premedication visit with respect to SDM, the desire for information and perceived involvement in care. The autonomy preference index (API, measuring preference for involvement and desire for information) and the perceived involvement in care scale (PICS, measuring patients’ perception of easier involvement by doctors and information exchange) were administered.Results:  In total, 190 chronic pain patients and 151 patients of premedication were included in this study. Patient of the premedication visit had significantly higher SDM scores. Desire for information was high, but there were no differences between groups. Younger patients [B (estimate) =− 0.3; 95% CI (−0.4) − (−0.1)], women (B = 10.9; 95% CI 6.3–15.4) and patients with higher educational level (B = 10.1; 95% CI 5.6–14.6) had more desire for SDM. PICS scores were basically influenced by groups: chronic pain patients felt more facilitated by doctors [B =− 0.185; 95% CI (−0.4) – (−0.1)] and had more information exchange [B =− 19.5; 95% CI (−15.8) – (−2.4)] than patients in the premedication visit.Conclusion:  In both anesthesiological settings, the desire for information was high, but patients in the premedication visit had higher SDM scores, especially young female patients with higher educational level. Real patient–physician interaction showed that premedication patients felt less involved by doctors and had less information exchange compared with the chronic pain patients. Therefore, premedication visits should be focussed more on adequate information exchange and involvement of the patient in the shared decision making process.
Oxygenation and cerebral perfusion pressure improved in the prone position
Authors: Nekludov M. , Bellander B.‐M. , Mure M. 
Published: February 2007

Background:  Treatment of patients in the prone position is a well‐established method to improve oxygenation in general intensive care unit (ICU) practice. This method is rarely used in a neurosurgical ICU, considering the risk of intracranial hypertension. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of prone position on intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and systemic oxygenation in patients with reduced intracranial compliance. We hypothesize that the beneficial effects of prone position can outweigh the hazardous effects on the intracranial pressure.Methods:  Eight patients with traumatic brain injury or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were studied in the supine and prone posture. Hemodynamics, arterial oxygenation, respiratory mechanics, ICP and CPP were continuously measured.Results:  A significant improvement in PaO2 was observed in the prone position, from 12.6 ± 1.4 kPa to 15.7 ± 3.2 kPa (P= 0.02). Both intracranial pressure and mean arterial pressure increased in the prone position, from 12 ± 6 to 15 ± 4 mmHg (P= 0.03) and from 78 ± 8 to 88 ± 8 mmHg (P= 0.005), respectively. Arterial pressure increased to a greater extent than ICP, resulting in improved CPP, from 66 ± 7 to 73 ± 8 mmHg (P= 0.03) in the prone position.Conclusions:  The prone position can be used to improve the oxygenation as well as CPP in patients with traumatic brain injury or SAH. However, this method results in raised ICP, and should be used cautiously in patients with reduced intracranial compliance.
The Heirloom Tomato as Cultural Object: Investigating Taste and Space
Authors: Jordan Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article asks how the heirloom tomato emerged as a cultural object in the late twentieth century, from something grown by individual seedsaving gardeners into a status symbol available for $7 a pound at speciality markets. This article finds that a combination of structural changes (increasing industrial farming on the one hand, and the turn to organic, local and ‘authentic’ food experiences on the other) as well as the activities of individual activist chefs and seedsavers has led to the tomatoes' emergence in a broader arena of consumption. But the article also reveals a significant spatial dimension to this apparent change in meaning. The heirloom tomato certainly emerges as a symbol of elite status in the pages of popular magazines and newspapers by the early twenty‐first century – but the act of ‘distinction’ and the marketplace in which it happens are spatially demarcated and do not interfere with the access of non‐elites to the object. Thus I offer an explanation of how this cultural object is created over time, but at the same time emphasise the importance of attending to location and spatiality in the study of taste, distinction and culture.
A New Approach to Wildlife Management in France: Regional Guidelines as Tools for the Conservation of Biodiversity
Authors: Alphandéry Pierre , Fortier Agnès 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAt a time when the conservation of biodiversity has already inspired a number of public policies on nature, the ORGFSH (regional guidelines for the management of wildlife and its habitats) represent an attempt to rethink the French approach to wildlife management. This study of the way in which the ORGFSH were drawn up in three regions reveals considerable disparities and highlights the difficulties that arise from attempting to create chains of co‐operation (new groupings) between the various categories of actors, particularly the influential hunting world and their significant conflicts with environmental groups. The cumulative effect of a series of public policies on biodiversity is gradually refining the available tools and knowledge which can be applied in the context of consultation‐based territorial procedures. The ORGFSH afford an insight into the way the concepts of wildlife management they convey may be related to two very different worlds. On the one hand, they are still partially attached to the institutional models and alliances which have characterised the French countryside since the age of triumphal agricultural productivism, when the management of ordinary fauna belonged by right to hunting. On the other hand, they testify to the existence of a concept of environmental management derived directly from the model of biodiversity conservation.
Function of the Independent Personal Pronouns in Lakota
Authors: Ingham Bruce 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper treats the two Lakota independent personal pronoun sets. Although morphologically simple, the definition of the usage of these pronouns and the choice of the particular set is quite involved. The factors involved seem to be partly distributional and partly semantic. The 3rd person set is more complex in its usage than the 1st and 2nd person set, partly because 3rd person can be morphologically unmarked in Lakota. One set can occur in company with a coreferent noun and is in a sense ‘‘deletable’’. The other set is less easily deletable and often constitutes a core element of the sentence.1
Employment Tribunals and Acas: evidence from a survey of representatives
Authors: Latreille Paul L. , Latreille Julie A. , Knight K. G. (‘Ben’) 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTWe report findings from a survey of representatives in Employment Tribunal cases, focusing on their views regarding the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (Acas). As in the earlier, smaller survey of lawyers by White (1989), Acas officers are found to be influential and effective in promoting settlement, and high levels of satisfaction are reported.
Reducing ammonia loss from urea and improving soil‐exchangeable ammonium retention through mixing triple superphosphate, humic acid and zeolite
Authors: Ahmed O. H. , Aminuddin H. , Husni M. H. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmmonia losses from soil following fertilization with urea may be large. This laboratory study compared the effect of four different, urea–triple superphosphate (TSP)–humic acid–zeolite, mixtures on NH3 loss, and soil ammonium and nitrate contents, with loss from surface‐applied urea without additives. The soil was a sandy clay loam Typic Kandiudult (Bungor Series). The mixtures significantly reduced NH3 loss by between 32 and 61% compared with straight urea (46% N) with larger reductions with higher rates of humic acid (0.75 and 1 g kg−1 of soil) and zeolite (0.75 and 1 g kg−1 of soil). All the mixtures of acidic P fertilizer, humic acid and zeolite with urea significantly increased soil NH4 and NO3 contents, increased soil‐exchangeable Ca, K and Mg, and benefited the formation of NH4 over NH3 compared with urea without additives. The increase in soil‐exchangeable cations, and temporary reduction of soil pH may have retarded urea hydrolysis in the microsite immediately around the fertilizer. It may be possible to improve the efficiency of urea surface‐applied to high value crops by the addition of TSP, humic acid and zeolite.
A software framework for fast prototyping of meta‐heuristics hybridization
Authors: Lau Hoong Chuin , Wan Wee Chong , Halim Steven , Toh Kaiyang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHybrids of meta‐heuristics have been shown to be more effective and adaptable than their parents in solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, hybridized schemes are also more tedious to implement due to their increased complexity. We address this problem by proposing the meta‐heuristics development framework (MDF). In addition to being a framework that promotes software reuse to reduce developmental effort, the key strength of MDF lies in its ability to model meta‐heuristics using a “request, sense and response” schema, which decomposes algorithms into a set of well‐defined modules that can be flexibly assembled through a centralized controller. Under this scheme, hybrid schemes become an event‐based search that can adaptively trigger a desired parent's behavior in response to search events. MDF can hence be used to design and implement a wide spectrum of hybrids with varying degrees of collaboration, thereby offering algorithm designers quick turnaround in designing and testing their meta‐heuristics. Such technicality is illustrated in the paper through the construction of hybrid schemes using ant colony optimization and tabu search.
Correlates of Exercise Participation in Adolescents
Authors: Ammouri Ali A. , Kaur Harsohena , Neuberger Geri B. , Gajewski Byron , Choi Won S. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this analysis was to determine correlates of exercise participation among adolescents.Design: A secondary analysis was conducted of data from a cross‐sectional survey of 300 adolescents seen at an urban clinic. Using descriptive statistics and path analysis, we examined the direct and indirect effects of independent variables on exercise participation.Results: Independent variables accounted for 15% of variance in exercise participation. In gender‐stratified models, independent variables explained 18% of the variance for females. Older females were associated with lower exercise participation scores (β=−.273, p<.001). Adolescent females who reported a strong relationship with parent(s) reported higher exercise participation scores (β=.146, p<.05). Females with higher perception of environmental opportunities for exercise were associated with higher exercise participation (β=.180, p<.05). Depressive symptoms had the strongest indirect effect (β=−.10) on exercise participation via behavior‐specific cognitions/affect factors among females.Conclusion: The results support that interventions to increase exercise should focus on older female adolescents. Providing information about environmental opportunities for exercise, enhancing relationship with parents, and intervening with adolescents at risk for depression might improve exercise rates in female adolescents.
Perceptions of Older Adults Regarding Evacuation in the Event of a Natural Disaster
Authors: Rosenkoetter Marlene M. , Covan Eleanor Krassen , Cobb Brenda K. , Bunting Sheila , Weinrich Martin 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To investigate the evacuation needs and beliefs of older adults in 2 counties in Georgia; to identify health risk factors; and to provide public health and emergency management officials with planning information.Design: A descriptive survey using The Older Adult Disaster Evacuation Assessment.Sample: 139 lower socioeconomic participants at congregate meal sites.Results: Hurricane Katrina significantly influenced decisions to evacuate in disasters. Over 70% said they would definitely evacuate in the future and nearly 16% would probably evacuate, yet over 13% reported “maybe” or “no.” Multiple logistic regressions suggest that those who do not trust their TV and county officials' information would have only 1/4 the odds of definitely evacuating. Those who say they would not follow their county officials' advice have only 1/3 the odds of definitely evacuating. Primary health problems were decreased mobility (40.1%), hypertension (70.5%), and arthritis (53.2%). Forty‐six percent would need transportation; approximately 40% lived alone; and about 40% had fair or poor health.Conclusions: Trust and belief in county officials and the media were the best predictors of willingness to evacuate. Participants in this study would need assistance with transportation, preparation, and support for serious health problems in order to evacuate. Further study is needed with a larger, more representative sample.
Screening of Turkish Women for Postpartum Depression Within the First Postpartum Year: The Risk Profile of a Community Sample
Authors: Dindar Ilknur , Erdogan Semra 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and potential risk factors giving rise to PPD among Turkish women.Design: A descriptive design and random survey method were used.Sample: Collected from 9 public health centers, the sample consisted of 679 mothers within their first year after delivery.Measurements: The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and a risk factor questionnaire were used during home visits.Results: The EPDS results revealed a 25.6% prevalence of higher‐level depression (12 or above) and a 16.7% prevalence of lower‐level depression. Maximum prevalence occurred at 2, 8, 10, and 12 months postpartum. Seventeen independent variables were found to be associated with the elevated scores on EPDS. Strong predictors of depression were as follows: previous psychiatric illness (odds ratio [OR] 15.95); smoking (OR 4.17); lower economic status (OR 4.10); relationship problems with husband (OR 3.49) or mother‐in‐law (OR 2.53); dissatisfaction in social relations (OR 1.53); previous loss of a baby (OR 7.49); and giving birth to a baby girl (OR 2.54).Conclusions: PPD is common among Turkish women. There is an increased need to educate public and health care practitioners about PPD. Public health nursing interventions, in particular, need to be developed to provide support to postpartum women.
The Effect of Denture Cleansing Solutions on the Retention of Yellow Hader Clips: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Varghese Reena M. , Masri Radi , Driscoll Carl F. , Romberg Elaine 
Published: February 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the retention of yellow Hader clips after exposure to various denture cleansers.
Methods: Seven groups of 18 yellow Hader clips each were soaked for the equivalent of 6 months of clinical use in the following denture cleansing solutions: Polident Regular, Polident Overnight, Efferdent, 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl, 1:10 dilution) 15 min/day, NaOCl (1:10 dilution) 8 hours/day, water and dry (control) group. A Universal Testing Machine, set at a crosshead speed of 2 in/min, pulled each clip once, and the peak load‐to‐dislodgement was recorded and used as a measure to reflect changes in the retention of the Hader clips. Data were analyzed by a one‐way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's HSD test. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Denture cleansing solutions affected the retentive values of yellow Hader clips (F= 6.102, p≤ .0001). Sodium hypochlorite solution, 15 min/day for 6 months, caused an increase in the retentive values of the clips tested with a mean peak load‐to‐dislodgement of 22.63 ± 1.29 N. In addition, clips soaked in water showed no difference in retentive values when compared with all other groups. Furthermore, Polident Regular, Polident Overnight, Efferdent, and NaOCl (8 hours/day) had no effect on the retentive values of yellow Hader clips.
Conclusion: This in vitro study demonstrated that the retention of yellow Hader clips used in implant overdentures is unaffected when soaked in commercial effervescent denture cleansers (Polident 5 Minute, Polident Overnight, and Efferdent) for six simulated months. Sodium hypochlorite statistically increased the single‐pull retentive values of the clips, an effect that may not be beneficial. Increased retentive values may be associated with reduced durability of clips; further research is needed to address this issue.
Influence of Chewing and Clenching on Salivary Cortisol Levels as an Indicator of Stress
Authors: Tahara Yasuaki , Sakurai Kaoru , Ando Tomohiko 
Published: February 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chewing and clenching on salivary cortisol levels as an indicator of stress.
Materials and Methods: Seventeen healthy dentulous subjects were given arithmetic exercises to perform within a 20‐minute time limit in order to elicit stress (stress loading). In the first experiment (chewing), after stress loading, the subjects were asked to chew a paraffin wax while reading printed material (books, magazines, etc.) in silence for 10 minutes. The same procedure was then carried out again for control purposes, but this time the subjects were not required to chew wax. In the second experiment (light clenching), after stress loading, the subjects were required to carry out 5 seconds of light clenching followed by 5 seconds of rest repeatedly over a 3‐minute period. The whole 3‐minute process was repeated a total of three times. The control data for this second experiment consisted of measurements taken during the rest periods. Saliva specimens were collected in both experiments both before stress loading and after each procedure during 1‐minute intervals to measure cortisol levels.
Results: In the chewing experiment, salivary cortisol levels were significantly reduced by chewing, compared with those in the controls (p < 0.05). This reduction in salivary cortisol was observed during chewing over a 10‐minute period following stress loading. In the clenching experiment, salivary cortisol levels also showed a significant reduction during clenching, compared with those in the controls (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: These results suggest that chewing and clenching promote relaxation in subjects under stress.
Visual dysfunctions and ocular disorders in children with developmental delay. II. Aspects of refractive errors, strabismus and contrast sensitivity
Authors: Nielsen Lisbeth Sandfeld , Skov Liselotte , Jensen Hanne 
Published: February 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors, strabismus and reduced contrast sensitivity in an unselected group of children with developmental delay (DD), and to propose extensions to the existing guidelines to assess the number of examinations required to optimally support children with DD.
Methods:
A total of 923 children with IQ ≤ 80, aged 4–15 years, from Copenhagen County, Denmark, were ophthalmically examined. The prevalence of refractive errors and strabismus and the presence of reduced contrast sensitivity were recorded and related to level of IQ.Results:  Among the 923 children, the following prevalences were found: significant hyperopia (≥ + 3 D) 15.3%; myopia (< − 0.5 D) 10.8%, and astigmatism (< − 1 cyl D) 20.6%. Strabismus was found in 26.8% of subjects (esotropia in 14.9%, exotropia in 10.3%, and other forms, including mixed types, in 1.6%). Refractive errors and strabismus were significantly correlated with low IQ. Reduced contrast sensitivity was correlated with age, visual acuity and level of IQ.Conclusions:  To our knowledge, this study is the largest on ocular disorders in children with DD. Hyperopia, astigmatism, anisometropia, strabismus and contrast sensitivity had a high prevalence, and all disorders were related to low IQ. According to the extended guidelines, an annual minimum of 565 examinations per 100 000 children (0–17 years) is required to optimally support children with DD.