bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A data hiding method without specifying embedded positions for JPEG image
Authors: Seki Yusuke , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Fujiyoshi Masaaki , Kiya Hitoshi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper the authors propose a data hiding method for JPEG images that has a degree of freedom in selecting the hiding position and does not require a reference image or knowledge of the hiding position during extraction. In conventional methods, the position for the transform coefficients which hide the data must be specified beforehand, and that position must be known during extraction. The proposed method does not require specifying the hiding position beforehand and offers some freedom in selecting the hiding position. Therefore, a hiding position that is appropriate can be selected for each image and block to be subjected to JPEG encoding. Given this, the proposed method can reduce image degradation and improve compression efficiency compared to the conventional methods. Moreover, because knowledge of the hiding position is not required during extraction, information management is thus simpler during extraction. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through simulations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(11): 21–30, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20356
A new initial‐rotor‐position estimation method for SPM synchronous motors using spatially rotating high‐frequency voltage: A dynamic simulator approach taking flux saturation phenomena into account
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji , Kumakura Takeshi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFirst, this paper proposes a new dynamic mathematical model of surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs) with flux saturation phenomena, in a stationary reference frame. Second, based on the dynamic model, this paper establishes new dynamic simulators taking flux saturation phenomena into account, which act as very powerful tools for developing initial‐rotor‐position estimation methods for SPMSMs. Third, this paper proposes a new initial‐rotor‐position estimation method for SPMSMs. The proposed method is so simple that it inputs a spatially rotating high‐frequency voltage to SPMSMs, measures current output, and can estimate directly rotor position of N‐pole through norm evaluation of the current. The method exploits flux saturation phenomena inherent to SPMSMs and is insensitive to all motor parameters. According to experiments, the maximum estimation error is about ±0.035 rad (±2○) in terms of mechanical angle, which is comparable to sensor mounting error and is sufficiently small for initial drive of SPMSMs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(3): 63–73, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20241
Three‐dimensional numerical analysis of a liquid metal MHD generator
Authors: Yamada Katsunori , Maeda Tetsuhiko , Hasegawa Yasuo , Okuno Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThree‐dimensional numerical analysis of a liquid metal MHD generator has been carried out. The three‐dimensional structures of the electromagnetic field and fluid flow in the MHD generator have been clarified, and the effect of the electrode width on the performance has also been examined, taking account of the current flow in the electrode. Structures of the electromagnetic field and fluid flow are complicated owing to the three‐dimensional current flow, induced magnetic field, and Lorentz force. The highest performance is found to be obtained when the width of the electrode is equal to that of the generator. The performance predicted from three‐dimensional analysis is somewhat lower than that from two‐dimensional analysis because of the larger input power. The increase in the input power is attributed to the increase in Lorentz force caused by less reduced magnetic flux density and to the additional friction loss on the insulator walls (x−y plane). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(3): 19–26, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20282
Power factor correction using magnetic energy recovery current switches
Authors: Takaku Taku , Isobe Takanori , Narushima Jun , Tsutsui Hiroaki , Shimada Ryuichi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a Magnetic Energy Recovery Switch (MERS). The switch consists of four MOSFET elements and one capacitor. A power factor improvement is automatically possible regardless of the impedance and power frequency of the load by synchronized switching of MERS with a power supply. MERS itself generates voltage and compensates for the inductance voltage unlike a conventional series capacitor, so that another DC power supply is not needed. An experiment was carried out to demonstrate the automatic correction of the power factor. We can also expect energy saving of electromachines such as an electric motor by the power factor correction with MERS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(3): 56–62, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20321
A practical study of the 66‐kV fault current limiter (FCL) system with rectifier
Authors: Tokuda Noriaki , Matsubara Yoshio , Yuguchi Kyosuke , Ohkuma Takeshi , Hobara Natsuro , Takahashi Yoshihisa 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA fault current limiter (FCL) is extensively expected to suppress fault current, particularly required for a trunk power system's heavily connected high‐voltage transmission lines, such as the 500‐kV‐class power system which constitutes the nucleus of the electric power system. By installing such FCL in the power system, system interconnection is possible without the need to raise the capacity of the circuit breakers, and facilities can be configured for efficiency, among other benefits. For these reasons, fault current limiters based on various principles of operation have been developed both in Japan and abroad.In this paper, we have proposed a new type of FCL system, consisting of solid‐state diodes, DC coil, and bypass AC coil, and described specifications of the distribution power system and 66‐kV model at the island power system and the superconducting cable power system. Also we have made a practical study of the 66‐kV class, the testing items and the future subjects of the rectifier‐type FCL system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(3): 12–18, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20331
Stability estimation of SVCs in distribution systems
Authors: Shimizu Keiichi , Genji Takamu , Nakazawa Chikashi , Nakanishi Yosuke 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the stability and an interactive phenomenon of one SVC, two or more sets of SVC, an SVC and an SVR in distribution systems. In particular, we focus on the saddle‐node bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation points. The two local bifurcation points show a boundary of a stable domain. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(3): 1–11, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20333
A matching transformer‐less inrush current suppressor for transformers using a series‐connected small‐rated voltage‐source PWM converter—consideration of the control gains and required ratings of the PWM converter
Authors: Yamada Hiroaki , Tanaka Toshihiko , Funabiki Shigeyuki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a new inrush current suppressor using a series‐connected small‐rated PWM converter for a transformer. The PWM converter is directly connected in series between the source and transformer without a matching transformer. The inrush phenomena of the matching transformer, thus, can be avoided. The control gain and required ratings of the series‐connected small‐rated PWM converter are discussed in detail. The capacity of the DC capacitor of the PWM converter is also discussed considering the active power flows into the PWM converter. The PSCAD/EMTDC is used to verify the validity of the proposed inrush current suppressor. A prototype experimental model is constructed and tested. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed suppressor can perfectly overcome the inrush phenomena of transformers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(3): 45–55, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20374
Gigabit Ethernet‐based time transfer system
Authors: Hisadome Kenji , Kihara Masami 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe suggest a gigibit Ethernet (GbE)‐based time transfer technique. In this technique, timing signals used for clock error measurements are inserted into interframe gaps and transmitted. We developed the GbE‐based time transfer system and evaluated the phase stability and precision. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(3): 39–44, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20383
Algorithm for detecting frequencies in multi‐sine signals by inductive generation
Authors: Kubo Kazuyoshi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractProny's method is an approximation approach to decomposing a function into sum of exponents and thus is applicable to unknown frequencies estimation of signals. The concrete algorithms for estimating pure sine wave, triple tone, and quadruple tone have already been derived and presented. This paper aims at deriving the estimating algorithm for multi‐sine signals which consist of unknown sine waves.
The new method of generating an algebraic algorithm for detecting unknown frequencies in the signals is derived by mathematical induction. The crux of the generation is dependent on the integer matrices induction. A handy method for generating the matrices is shown as well. Algorithms for the triple tone, quadruple tone, and the higher‐order tone are generated and verified. As a result, they are shown to be identical to the ordinary algorithms.
Subjects on the application of the induced algorithm to practical frequency detection are discussed. The algorithm has both instantaneity in the time domain and higher resolution in the frequency domain, that is, the signal analysis by the algorithm can be performed without constraint of the uncertainty principle. An iterative solution for algebraic equation is dominant for calculation in the algorithm. Techniques for detecting frequencies in a multi‐sine of unknown order are also discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(3): 27– 38, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20404
The effect of arm crossing on persistence and performance
Authors: Friedman Ron , Elliot Andrew J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo experiments investigated the hypothesis that arm crossing serves as a proprioceptive cue for perseverance within achievement settings. Experiment 1 found that inducing participants to cross their arms led to greater persistence on an unsolvable anagram. Experiment 2 revealed that arm crossing led to better performance on solvable anagrams, and that this effect was mediated by greater persistence. No differences in comfort, instruction adherence, or mood were observed between the arms crossed and control conditions, and participants appeared to be unaware of the effect of arm crossing on their behavior. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of the interplay between proprioceptive cues and contextual meaning. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) Based Detection of Oligonucleotide Hybridization and Simultaneous Determination of the Surface Concentration of Immobilized Oligonucleotides on Gold
Authors: Nunes Kirchner Carolina , Szunerits Sabine , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe direct mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used for the local deposition of oligonucleotide (ODN) patterns on thin gold films and the generation‐collection (GC) mode was applied for the determining the amount of surface‐accessible oligonucleotides. The local deposition was achieved through the micrometer‐sized formation of a conducting polymer bearing 15mer single‐stranded oligonucleotide strands. After the interaction of the oligonucleotide with its biotin‐labeled complimentary strand, streptavidin was bound. The molecular assembly was completed by linking biotin‐labeled β‐galactosidase from Escherichia coli to the streptavidin. The activity of the linked β‐galactosidase was mapped with SECM in the GC mode by monitoring the oxidation of p‐aminophenol (PAP) formed in the enzyme‐catalyzed hydrolysis of p‐aminophenyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside. The feedback effect due to recycling of the reaction product at the gold surface was analyzed. It was shown experimentally that this effect becomes insignificant at ultramicroelectrode (UME)‐substrate distances larger than 3 UME radii. The flux of formed PAP allowed the determination the surface density of accessible oligonucleotide strands in the functionalized polymer. It was shown that that thicker pyrrole/ODN–Pyrrole polymer films do not lead to a significantly increased accessible ODN surface concentration.
Towards error‐free hybrid simulation using mixed variables
Authors: Elkhoraibi Tarek , Mosalam Khalid M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo procedures are developed and implemented in a hybrid simulation system (HSS) with the aim of enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the online, i.e. pseudo‐dynamic, test results. The first procedure aims at correcting the experimental systematic error in executing the displacement command signal. The error is calculated as the difference between command and feedback signals and correlated to the actuator velocity using the least‐squares method. A feed‐forward error compensation scheme is devised leading to a more accurate execution of the test. The second procedure employs mixed variables with mode switching between displacement and force controls. The newly derived force control algorithm is evaluated using a parametric study to assess its stability and accuracy. The implementation of the mixed variables procedure is designed to adopt force control for high stiffness states of the structural response and displacement control otherwise, where the resolution of the involved instruments may favour this type of mixed control. A simple pseudo‐dynamic experiment of steel cantilever members is used to validate the HSS. Moreover, two experiments as application examples for the two developed procedures are presented. The two experiments focus on the seismic response of (a) timber shear walls and (b) reinforced concrete frames with and without unreinforced masonry infill wall. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of a heat exchanger for recovering latent heat (effects of straight fin length and fin pitch on the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics)
Authors: Kawaguchi Kiyoshi , Okui Kenichi , Shimoura Takahiro , Ohkouchi Takaki , Osakabe Hiroyuki , Ninagawa Tosihide 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn recent years, the requirement for the reduction of energy consumption has been increasing to solve the problems of global warming and the shortage of petroleum resources. A latent heat recovery type heat exchanger is one of the effective methods for improving thermal efficiency by recovering latent heat. This paper describes the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of a latent heat recovery type heat exchanger having straight fins (fin length: 65 mm or 100 mm, fin pitch: 2.5 mm or 4 mm). These were clarified by measuring the exchange heat quantity, the pressure loss of the heat exchanger, and the heat transfer coefficient between the outer fin surface and gas. The effects of fin length and fin pitch on heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics were clarified. Furthermore, equations for predicting the heat transfer coefficient and pressure loss which are necessary for heat exchanger design were proposed. ©2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(4): 230– 247, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20153 Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of a heat exchanger for recovering latent heat (the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of the heat exchanger with wing fin)
Authors: Kawaguchi Kiyoshi , Okui Kenichi , Shimoura Takahiro , Ohkouchi Takaki , Osakabe Hiroyuki , Ninagawa Tosihide 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn recent years the requirement for reduction of energy consumption has been increasing to solve the problems of global warming and the shortage of petroleum resources. A latent heat recovery type heat exchanger is one of the effective methods of improving thermal efficiency by recovering latent heat. This paper described the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of a latent heat recovery type heat exchanger having a wing fin (fin pitch: 4 mm, fin length: 65 mm). These were clarified by measuring the exchange heat quantity, the pressure loss of heat exchanger, and the heat transfer coefficient between outer fin surface and gas. The effects of condensate behavior in the fins on heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics were clarified. Furthermore, the equations for predicting the heat transfer coefficient and pressure loss which are necessary in the design of the heat exchanger were proposed. ©2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(4): 215–229, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20154
Micro‐CT scanning analysis for inner structure of porous media
Authors: Yang Zhang , Xiaofeng Peng 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA micro‐CT scanner was employed to investigate inner characteristics of porous media, and particular cakes were taken as samples. By obtaining the inner pore structure and inner structure reconstruction, porosity and its variation in the samples, water distribution in pores, and other inner characteristics were determined and explored. When the sample was dried after immersion in water, the solid frame shrank, some pores became larger and the porosity increased, while the sample not immersed in water did not change much after being dried. The experiments indicate that micro‐CT scanning is an effective technology to study the inner structure of porous materials with pores larger than tens of microns and also can be used to explore some important transport performance. ©2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(4): 208– 214, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20155 Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of water migration in porous material using micro‐CT during wetting
Authors: Wu D. , Peng X.F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA series of experiments were conducted to observe water transport in wood during wetting using a micro‐CT combined with scanning, reconstruction, and grey analysis technology. A comprehensive discussion was conducted to explore the characteristics of water transport and moisture distribution caused by local pore structure and properties in the wood sample during wetting. For wetting course of the wood immersed in water, water transport exhibits three stages. At the beginning, the dense region of the wood was wetted and contained some water which was unable to transfer into the sparse region because of the larger capillary force induced by the dense structure. Secondly, as water penetrates the wood, the sparse region contained much more water than the dense region. At this stage, the dense region is unsaturated. Finally, water transfers into both dense and sparse regions and gradually saturates them. ©2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(4): 198–207, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20156
Effect of curvature on thermocapillary‐buoyancy convection in a shallow annular pool
Authors: Shang Qi‐Wei , Liu Ying‐Jie , Li You‐Rong 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn order to understand the influence of curvature on thermocapillary‐buoyancy convection in a differentially heated annular pool with an outer heated cylinder ($ro=40 mm$) and an inner cooled cylinder (ri=20 or 10 mm), a series of unsteady two‐dimensional numerical simulations using the finite‐volume method was conducted. The pool was filled with 0.65 cSt silicone oil (Prandtl number Pr=6.7); its depth changed from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. Simulation results show that the flows with different curvature are all stable at small temperature differences. Increasing the temperature difference, the flow transition to an oscillatory flows occurs. The critical temperature difference, depending on the curvature of annulus, is determined. It was found that there is a good agreement between the simulation and the experiment results on the critical temperature difference. ©2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(4): 187– 197, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20157
Joining characteristics of orthodontic wires with laser welding
Authors: Iijima Masahiro , Brantley William A. , Yuasa Toshihiro , Muguruma Takeshi , Kawashima Isao , Mizoguchi Itaru 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLaser welding 0.016 × 0.022 in. β‐Ti, Ni–Ti, and Co–Cr–Ni orthodontic wires was investigated by measuring joint tensile strength, measuring laser penetration depth, determining metallurgical phases using micro X‐ray diffraction (micro‐XRD), and examining microstructures with an scanning electron microscope (SEM). Welding was performed from 150 to 230 V. Mean tensile strength for Ni–Ti groups was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than for most other groups of laser‐welded specimens. Although mean tensile strength for β‐Ti and Co–Cr–Ni was significantly lower than for control specimens joined by silver soldering, it was sufficient for clinical use. The β‐Ti orthodontic wire showed deeper penetration depth from laser welding than the Ni–Ti and Co–Cr–Ni orthodontic wires. Micro‐XRD patterns of laser‐welded β‐Ti and Ni–Ti obtained 2 mm from the boundary were similar to as‐received specimens, indicating that original microstructures were maintained. When output voltages of 190 V and higher were used, most peaks from joint areas disappeared or were much weaker, perhaps because of a directional solidification effect, evidenced by SEM observation of fine striations in welded β‐Ti. Laser welding β‐Ti and Co–Cr–Ni wires may be acceptable clinically, since joints had sufficient strength and metallurgical phases in the original wires were not greatly altered. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2008
Preparation and characterization of novel hybrid of chitosan‐g‐PDMS and sodium montmorrilonite
Authors: Depan Dilip , Kumar Bijandra , Singh Raj Pal 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPreparation and properties of Chitosan (CS)‐clay nanocomposites grafted with polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) with different clay ratios are herein discussed. CS is intercalated into sodium montmorrilonite and PDMS is grafted onto CS under UV irradiation. Sample films of CS intercalated into clay and grafted with PDMS were prepared by solvent casting method with varying amount of nanoclay and PDMS. They were characterized by conventional techniques such as X‐ray diffractometry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 13C NMR, thermo gravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis. Sorption behavior of samples has been followed by measuring swelling degree and issues on the interactions of biopolymers with clay are also discussed. The water absorption of composites films reduces with an increase in the amount of incorporated clay. This is due to the barrier formation in the form of cross‐linking points, which prevents water permeation into CS. The amount of adsorbed water is more, when the amount of CS exceeds the amount of PDMS. This shows high water retention capacity of CS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2008