bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrital isotopic record of a retreating accretionary orogen: An example from the Patagonian Andes
Authors: Rey F.M. , Malkowski M.A. , Fosdick J.C. , Dobbs S.C. , Calderón M. , Ghiglione M.C. , Graham S.A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
U-Pb zircon geochronology and isotopic records have played an influential role in our understanding of convergent margin dynamics. Orogenic cyclicity models link tectonic regimes with magmatic isotopic signatures in advancing orogens, relating compressional regimes with evolved signatures and extension with juvenile signatures; however, such frameworks may not apply for retreating orogens, which commonly produce substantial crustal heterogeneities during backarc rifting and ocean spreading. We explore the Mesozoic to Cenozoic Patagonian Andes tectonic evolution, combining U-Pb zircon ages, bulk rock εNd, and new detrital zircon εHf from the retroarc basin to understand the associated magmatic arc evolution during retreat and advance of the margin. Our results reveal a protracted phase of isotopically juvenile magmatism between 150 and 80 Ma, which began during backarc extension and persisted long after the margin switched to a contractional regime. We propose that the prolonged juvenile isotopic trend started mainly due to trenchward migration of the arc during backarc extension (150–120 Ma) and persisted due to partial melting of underthrusted juvenile attenuated and oceanic crust during backarc basin closure (120–80 Ma). This interpretation implies that tectonic stress alone does not predict isotopic trends, and factors like assimilation or the composition of underthrusted crust are important controls on magmatic isotopic composition, especially in retreating and transitional orogens.
Exploring the influences of education, intelligence and income on mental disorders
Authors: Baranova Ancha , Cao Hongbao , Zhang Fuquan 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that educational attainment (EA), intelligence and income are key factors associated with mental disorders. However, the direct effects of each factor on major mental disorders are unclear.AimsWe aimed to evaluate the overall and independent causal effects of the three psychosocial factors on common mental disorders.MethodsUsing genome-wide association study summary datasets, we performed Mendelian randomisation (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses to assess potential associations between the 3 factors (EA, N=766 345; household income, N=392 422; intelligence, N=146 808) and 13 common mental disorders, with sample sizes ranging from 9907 to 807 553. Inverse-variance weighting was employed as the main method in the MR analysis.ResultsOur MR analysis showed that (1) higher EA was a protective factor for eight mental disorders but contributed to anorexia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder (BD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); (2) higher intelligence was a protective factor for five mental disorders but a risk factor for OCD and ASD; (3) higher household income protected against 10 mental disorders but confers risk for anorexia nervosa. Our MVMR analysis showed that (1) higher EA was a direct protective factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and insomnia but a direct risk factor for schizophrenia, BD and ASD; (2) higher intelligence was a direct protective factor for schizophrenia but a direct risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) and ASD; (3) higher income was a direct protective factor for seven mental disorders, including schizophrenia, BD, MDD, ASD, post-traumatic stress disorder, ADHD and anxiety disorder.ConclusionsOur study reveals that education, intelligence and income intertwine with each other. For each factor, its independent effects on mental disorders present a more complex picture than its overall effects.
Pregnancy stressors and postpartum symptoms of depression and anxiety: the moderating role of a cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention
Authors: Sun Yunxiang , Park Soim , Malik Abid , Atif Najia , Zaidi Ahmed , Rahman Atif , Surkan Pamela J 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundLittle is known about the association between stressors (especially positive stressors) during pregnancy and postpartum depression and anxiety.AimsWe investigated the association between positive and negative stress events during different stages of pregnancy and postpartum mental health outcomes among low-income pregnant women with symptoms of anxiety in Pakistan and evaluated whether an intervention based on cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) had a regulatory effect.MethodsParticipants were 621 pregnant Pakistani women with mild anxiety. Using the Pregnancy Experience Scale-Brief Version, six scores were created to assess positive and negative stressors. We performed a multivariate linear regression to examine whether these six scores, measured both at baseline and in the third trimester, were associated with postpartum anxiety and depressive symptoms. The effect of the intervention on this relationship was examined by adding an interaction term to the regression model.ResultsHassles frequency measured in the third trimester was positively associated with depression (B=0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09 to 0.36) and anxiety (B=0.19, 95% CI: 0.08to 0.30). At the same timepoint, uplifts intensity was negatively associated with symptoms of depression (B=−0.82, 95% CI: −1.46 to –0.18) and anxiety (B=−0.70, 95% CI: −1.25 to –0.15), whereas hassles intensity was positively related to symptoms of depression (B=1.02, 95% CI: 0.36 to 1.67) and anxiety (B=0.90, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.47). The intensity ratio of hassles to uplifts reported in the third trimester was positively related to both depression (B=1.40, 95% CI: 0.59 to 2.20) and anxiety (B=1.26, 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.96). The intervention strengthened the overall positive effects of uplifts and the negative effects of hassles. Pregnancy experiences at baseline during early pregnancy to mid-pregnancy were not associated with mental health outcomes.ConclusionsStressors in the third trimester but not earlier in pregnancy were associated with postpartum symptoms of anxiety and depression. The CBT intervention modified the association between pregnancy stressors and postpartum mental health outcomes. Programmes that promote positive experiences and reduce negative experiences, especially in late pregnancy, may mitigate postpartum mental health consequences.Trial registration numberNCT03880032.
Effects of motor cortical and peripheral axonal hyperexcitability on survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Otani Ryo , Shibuya Kazumoto , Suzuki Yo-Ichi , Suichi Tomoki , Morooka Marie , Aotsuka Yuya , Ogushi Moeko , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundIncreased ‘cortical’ and ‘peripheral’ excitability are reportedly associated with shorter survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, suggesting that hyperexcitability contributes to motor neuron death. However, whether upper or lower motor function has a greater impact on survival is unclear. We aimed to investigate the component that strongly impacts the prognosis of ALS.MethodsA total of 103 consecutive patients with ALS who underwent cortical (threshold tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)) and motor nerve excitability tests were included. Motor cortical excitability was evaluated using short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) during TMS. Motor axonal excitability was assessed using the strength-duration time constant (SDTC). Survival time was defined as the time from examination to death or tracheostomy.ResultsCompared with healthy subjects, patients with ALS had lower SICI and longer SDTC (p<0.05), indicating increased excitability of cortical motor neurons and motor axons. According to the SICI and SDTC findings, patients were divided into the following four groups: ‘cortical high and peripheral high (high-high)’, ‘high-low’, ‘low-high’ and ‘low-low’ groups. In Kaplan-Meier curves, the ‘high-high’ and ‘low-high’ groups showed significantly shorter survival than the other groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that increased cortical (HR=5.3, p<0.05) and peripheral (HR=20.0, p<0.001) excitability were significantly associated with shorter survival.ConclusionsIn patients with ALS, both motor cortical and peripheral hyperexcitability independently affected survival time, with peripheral hyperexcitability having a greater impact on shorter survival. The modulation of neuronal/axonal excitability is a potential therapeutic target for ALS.
Chronic occupational exposures to irritants and asthma in the CONSTANCES cohort
Authors: Sit Guillaume , Orsi Laurent , Iwatsubo Yuriko , Dananché Brigitte , Orsi Florence , Goldberg Marcel , Leynaert Benedicte , Nadif Rachel , Ribet Céline , Roche Nicolas , Roquelaure Yves , Varraso Raphäelle , Zins Marie , Pilorget Corinne , Le Moual Nicole , Dumas Orianne 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesThe impact of chronic occupational exposures to irritants on asthma remains discussed. We studied the associations between occupational exposures and asthma, with specific interest for chronic exposure to irritants, including disinfectants and cleaning products (DCPs) and solvents.MethodsCross-sectional analyses included 115 540 adults (55% women, mean age 43 years, 10% current asthma) working at inclusion in the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort (2012–2020). Current asthma was defined by ever asthma with symptoms, medication or asthma attacks (past 12 months), and the asthma symptom score by the sum of 5 respiratory symptoms (past 12 months). Both lifetime and current occupational exposures were assessed by the Occupational Asthma-specific Job-Exposure Matrix. Associations were evaluated by gender using logistic and binomial negative regressions adjusted for age, smoking status and body mass index.ResultsIn women, associations were observed between current asthma and lifetime exposure to irritants (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11), DCPs (1.06, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.12) and solvents (1.06, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.14). In men, only lifetime exposure to DCPs (1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.20) was associated with current asthma. Lifetime exposure to irritants was associated with higher asthma symptom score both in women (mean score ratio: 1.08, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.11) and men (1.11, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.15), especially for DCPs (women: 1.09, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.13, men: 1.21, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.27) and solvents (women 1.14, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.19, men: 1.10, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.15). For current exposures, no consistent associations were observed with current asthma and asthma symptom score.ConclusionsLifetime occupational exposures to irritants were associated with current asthma and higher asthma symptom score. These exposures should be carefully considered in asthma management.
Changes in work schedule affect headache frequency among Norwegian nurses: a 3-year-follow-up study
Authors: Kristoffersen Espen Saxhaug , Waage Siri , Pallesen Staale , Bjorvatn Bjørn 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesTo explore whether changes in work schedule, number of night shifts and number of quick returns were related to changes in headache frequencies.MethodsA longitudinal study with questionnaire data from 2014 (baseline) and 2017 (follow-up) on work schedule (day only, shift work without nights and shift work with nights), number of night shifts, number of quick returns (less than 11 hours in-between shifts) and validated headache diagnoses among 1104 Norwegian nurses. Associations were explored by adjusted multivariate regression analyses.ResultsThe median age at baseline was 37 years (IQR 31–43) and 90.5% were women. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis of changed work schedule between baseline and follow-up, changing from night work was associated with increased odds for reversion from headache >1 days/month to no headache at all last year (OR 2.77 (1.29; 5.95)). Changes towards less night shifts (>10) or quick returns (>10) during the last year were associated with increased odds of reversion of headache to no headache (OR 2.23 (1.20; 4.17) and OR 1.90 (1.04; 3.49)). Only decrease in number of night shifts (>10) during the last year reduced risk of onset of any new headache between baseline and follow-up (OR of 0.39 (0.18; 0.84)).ConclusionChanging from night work and reducing the number of night shifts and quick returns were associated with less headache in this 3-year-follow-up of Norwegian nurses. This adds to the growing body of evidence that night work may have direct negative health consequences.
Greenhouse gas emissions associated with suboptimal asthma care in the UK: the SABINA healthCARe-Based envirONmental cost of treatment (CARBON) study
Authors: Wilkinson Alexander J K , Maslova Ekaterina , Janson Christer , Radhakrishnan Vasanth , Quint Jennifer K , Budgen Nigel , Tran Trung N , Xu Yang , Menzies-Gow Andrew , Bell John P 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundPoorly controlled asthma is associated with increased morbidity and healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU). Therefore, to quantify the environmental impact of asthma care, this retrospective, cohort, healthCARe-Based envirONmental cost of treatment (CARBON) study estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the UK associated with the management of well-controlled versus poorly controlled asthma.MethodsPatients with current asthma (aged ≥12 years) registered with the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2008‒2019) were included. GHG emissions, measured as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), were estimated for asthma-related medication use, HCRU and exacerbations during follow-up of patients with asthma classified at baseline as well-controlled (<3 short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) canisters/year and no exacerbations) or poorly controlled (≥3 SABA canisters/year or ≥1 exacerbation). Excess GHG emissions due to suboptimal asthma control included ≥3 SABA canister prescriptions/year, exacerbations and any general practitioner and outpatient visits within 10 days of hospitalisation or an emergency department visit.ResultsOf the 236 506 patients analysed, 47.3% had poorly controlled asthma at baseline. Scaled to the national level, the overall carbon footprint of asthma care in the UK was 750 540 tonnes CO2e/year, with poorly controlled asthma contributing excess GHG emissions of 303 874 tonnes CO2e/year, which is equivalent to emissions from >124 000 houses in the UK. Poorly controlled versus well-controlled asthma generated 3.1-fold higher overall and 8.1-fold higher excess per capita carbon footprint, largely SABA-induced, with smaller contributions from HCRU.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that addressing the high burden of poorly controlled asthma, including curbing high SABA use and its associated risk of exacerbations, may significantly alleviate asthma care-related carbon emissions.
Lifetimes of b-hadrons and mixing of neutral B-mesons: theoretical and experimental status
Authors: Albrecht Johannes , Bernlochner Florian , Lenz Alexander , Rusov Aleksey 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article, we review the current status ofB-mixing andb-hadron lifetimes both from experimental and theoretical points of view. Furthermore, we discuss the phenomenological potential of these observables for deepening our understanding of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and for indirect searches for effects beyond the Standard Model (SM). In addition, we present new updated SM predictions for the mixing observables$$\Delta M_{d,s}$$ΔMd,s,$$\Delta \Gamma _{d,s}$$ΔΓd,sand$$a_{fs}^{d,s}$$afsd,s. We conclude with an outlook on future prospects for theoretical and experimental improvements.
Evaluation of the influence of neighboring resonance on spectroscopy measurements
Authors: Chen Ming-Chen , Qi Xiao-Qiu , Chen Ai-Xi 
Published: February 2024

The quantum interference arising from neighboring resonance is investigated in a four-level system. This effect is evaluated through two methods: one is the direct numerical solution of the optical Bloch equation, and the other considers the impact of neighboring resonances as perturbations on other equations, i.e., using a simplified approximate optical Bloch equation for simulation. The results show that the energy shift caused by quantum interference is correlated with the spectral separation of two resonances, and is most significant when the interval is comparable to the spontaneous emission rate [Formula: see text]. For spectral separation that is sufficiently large, with spacing greater than [Formula: see text], the approximate optical Bloch equation method proves to be a straightforward and efficient approach. In addition, two formulas are given, which can be used to evaluate the contributions of neighboring resonances at other positions once the contribution of one is determined. According to the formulas, we evaluated the result of 4He atom as about [Formula: see text] kHz, which is consistent with the value given in the paper [Phys. Rev. A 86 (2012) 040501(R)]. Utilizing these methods can streamline intricate energy level structures, and thus facilitate the evaluation of quantum interference in high-precision spectroscopic measurements.
β-Catenin Activation Reprograms Ammonia Metabolism to Promote Senescence Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Ye , Cheng Chunxiao , Lu Yanjun , Lian Zhaowu , Liu Qi , Xu Yanchao , Li Yunzheng , Li Huan , Zhang Laizhu , Jiang Xiang , Li Binghua , Yu Decai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical tumor that undergoes metabolic reprogramming, differing from normal liver tissue in glucose, lipid, nucleic acid, and amino acid metabolism. Although ammonia is a toxic metabolic by-product, it has also been recently recognized as a signaling molecule to activate lipid metabolism, and it can be a nitrogen source for biosynthesis to support tumorigenesis. In this study, we revealed that β-catenin activation increases ammonia production in HCC mainly by stimulating glutaminolysis. β-Catenin/LEF1 activated the transcription of the glutamate dehydrogenase GLUD1, which then promoted ammonia utilization to enhance the production of glutamate, aspartate, and proline as evidenced by 15NH4Cl metabolic flux. β-Catenin/TCF4 induced the transcription of SLC4A11, an ammonia transporter, to excrete excess ammonia. SLC4A11 was upregulated in HCC tumor tissues, and high SLC4A11 expression was associated with poor prognosis and advanced disease stages. Loss of SLC4A11 induced HCC cell senescence in vitro by blocking ammonia excretion and reduced β-catenin–driven tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, elevated levels of plasma ammonia promoted the progression of β-catenin mutant HCC, which was impeded by SLC4A11 deficiency. Downregulation of SLC4A11 led to ammonia accumulation in tumor interstitial fluid and decreased plasma ammonia levels in HCC with activated β-catenin. Altogether, this study indicates that β-catenin activation reprograms ammonia metabolism and that blocking ammonia excretion by targeting SLC4A11 could be a promising approach to induce senescence in β-catenin mutant HCC.

Significance:
Ammonia metabolism reprogramming mediated by aberrant activation of β-catenin induces resistance to senescence in HCC and can be targeted by inhibiting SLC4A11 as a potential therapy for β-catenin mutant liver cancer.
Molecular Profiling and the Impact of Treatment on Outcomes in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Type I and II
Authors: Hanna Glenn J. , Grover Punita , Elliott Andrew , McGrath Julie , Xiu Joanne , Sukari Ammar , Johnson Jennifer M. , Wise-Draper Trisha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurpose:Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon salivary gland cancer with no approved therapies available to treat advanced, incurable disease. Recent molecular profiling efforts have identified two important subtypes: the more aggressive ACC-I is characterized by Notch pathway alterations and MYC amplification whereas ACC-II demonstrates a more indolent phenotype and TP63 overexpression.Experimental Design:This retrospective observational cohort study involved de-identified samples from 438 patients with ACC with tumor samples sent for commercially-available molecular profiling (Caris Life Sciences). Next-generation whole-exome and whole-transcriptomic sequencing was performed on primary and metastatic samples. Immunostaining for PD-L1 and RNA deconvolution (quanTIseq) was used to explore the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). Real-world clinical and survival outcome metrics were extracted from insurance claims data.Results:MYC expression was 1.61-fold higher (39.8 vs. 24.7; P &lt; 0.0001) among NOTCH1-mutant ACC-I tumors, whereas MYB/L1 fusion rates were similar among ACC-I/II. The median B-cell fraction in the TME was higher among ACC-II (7.1% vs. 5.8%; P &lt; 0.01), although infiltrating T cells subsets were low among either ACC subgroup (both &lt;1%). When pooling systemic treatment categories, ACC-I patients had worse outcomes with available therapies (HR, 3.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.65–5.68; P &lt; 0.01), with no significant difference in overall survival between ACC-I/II based on chemotherapy or VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor exposure in smaller subsets.Conclusions:We confirmed the previously reported associations with MYC and TP63 in the prognostically relevant subgroups of ACC-I and -II, respectively, and report immunologic differences among these subtypes. Survival outcomes are comparatively worse in ACC-I regardless of treatment type.
A Pooled Analysis of Treatment-Free Survival in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chang Elaine , Zhou Jiaxi , Song Chi , Gittleman Haley , Fernandes Laura , Weinstock Chana , Atkins Michael B. , Agrawal Sundeep , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Gormley Nicole , Tang Shenghui , Suzman Daniel L. , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Kluetz Paul G. , Pazdur Richard , Rini Brian I. , McDermott David F. , Regan Meredith M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
A clinically meaningful attribute of some immune-oncology (IO) regimens is potential durable clinical benefit during a treatment-free interval. We characterize treatment-free survival (TFS) with and without ongoing toxicity in trials of frontline IO-VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combinations in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC).

Experimental Design:
Individual patient data were pooled by treatment arm from randomized trials submitted to the FDA evaluating IO-TKI combination in treatment-naïve aRCC with at least 30 months of median follow-up. OS, TFS, TFS with and without toxicity, and time to all protocol therapy cessation were assessed. TFS was estimated by 30-month restricted mean times, defined as area between Kaplan–Meier curves for two time-to-event endpoints originating at randomization: time to all protocol therapy cessation and time to subsequent systemic therapy initiation or death.

Results:
Three trials met criteria for analysis; 1,183 patients received IO-TKI versus 1,184 on control arms receiving TKI alone (sunitinib, SUN). IO-TKI and SUN groups spent 9% {2.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8–3.5]} and 10% [2.9 months (95% CI, 2.1–3.8)] of the 30-month period alive and treatment-free, respectively. Mean TFS without grade ≥3 toxicity was 1.7 and 2.3 months in IO-TKI and SUN groups, respectively.

Conclusions:
In this post hoc partitioned survival analysis, TFS and TFS without toxicity appeared similar in the IO-TKI group compared with the SUN group. These findings may reflect contin-uation of TKI until progression per protocol design in all trials and discontinuation of IO after 2 years in two trials.
See related commentary by Stadler and Karrison, p. 3098