bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β-Cell Hyperplasia Induced by Hepatic Insulin Resistance
Authors: Escribano Oscar , Guillén Carlos , Nevado Carmen , Gómez-Hernández Almudena , Kahn C. Ronald , Benito Manuel 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes results from a combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. To directly address the effects of hepatic insulin resistance in adult animals, we developed an inducible liver-specific insulin receptor knockout mouse (iLIRKO).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using this approach, we were able to induce variable insulin receptor (IR) deficiency in a tissue-specific manner (liver mosaicism).

RESULTS
iLIRKO mice presented progressive hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance without liver dysfunction. Initially, iLIRKO mice displayed hyperinsulinemia and increased β-cell mass, the extent of which was proportional to the deletion of hepatic IR. Our studies of iLIRKO suggest a cause-and-effect relationship between progressive insulin resistance and the fold increase of plasma insulin levels and β-cell mass. Ultimately, the β-cells failed to secrete sufficient insulin, leading to uncontrolled diabetes. We observed that hepatic IGF-1 expression was enhanced in iLIRKO mice, resulting in an increase of circulating IGF-1. Concurrently, the IR-A isoform was upregulated in hyperplastic β-cells of iLIRKO mice and IGF-1–induced proliferation was higher than in the controls. In mouse β-cell lines, IR-A, but not IR-B, conferred a proliferative capacity in response to insulin or IGF-1, providing a potential explanation for the β-cell hyperplasia induced by liver insulin resistance in iLIRKO mice.

CONCLUSIONS
Our studies of iLIRKO mice suggest a liver-pancreas endocrine axis in which IGF-1 functions as a liver-derived growth factor to promote compensatory pancreatic islet hyperplasia through IR-A.
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Stimulates Muscle Glucose Uptake by a PI3-Kinase–Dependent Pathway That Is Impaired With Obesity
Authors: Steinberg Gregory R. , Watt Matthew J. , Ernst Matthias , Birnbaum Morris J. , Kemp Bruce E. , Jørgensen Sebastian Beck 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) reverses muscle insulin resistance by increasing fatty acid oxidation through gp130-LIF receptor signaling to the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CNTF also increases Akt signaling in neurons and adipocytes. Because both Akt and AMPK regulate glucose uptake, we investigated muscle glucose uptake in response to CNTF signaling in lean and obese mice.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline or CNTF, and blood glucose was monitored. The effects of CNTF on skeletal muscle glucose uptake and AMPK/Akt signaling were investigated in incubated soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from muscle-specific AMPKα2 kinase-dead, gp130ΔSTAT, and lean and obese ob/ob and high-fat–fed mice. The effect of C2-ceramide on glucose uptake and gp130 signaling was also examined.

RESULTS
CNTF reduced blood glucose and increased glucose uptake in isolated muscles in a time- and dose-dependent manner with maximal effects after 30 min with 100 ng/ml. CNTF increased Akt-S473 phosphorylation in soleus and EDL; however, AMPK-T172 phosphorylation was only increased in soleus. Incubation of muscles from AMPK kinase dead (KD) and wild-type littermates with the PI3-kinase inhibitor LY-294002 demonstrated that PI3-kinase, but not AMPK, was essential for CNTF-stimulated glucose uptake. CNTF-stimulated glucose uptake and Akt phosphorylation were substantially reduced in obesity (high-fat diet and ob/ob) despite normal induction of gp130/AMPK signaling—effects also observed when treating myotubes with C2-ceramide.

CONCLUSIONS
CNTF acutely increases muscle glucose uptake by a mechanism involving the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway that does not require AMPK. CNTF-stimulated glucose uptake is impaired in obesity-induced insulin resistance and by ceramide.
Sex and Depot Differences in Adipocyte Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Macotela Yazmin , Boucher Jeremie , Tran Thien T. , Kahn C. Ronald 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
To investigate how insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism differ in adipocytes between different fat depots of male and female mice and how sex steroids contribute to these differences.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Adipocytes from intra-abdominal/perigonadal (PG) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue from normal, castrated, or steroid-implanted animals were isolated and analyzed for differences in insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.

RESULTS
Adipocytes from both PG and SC depots of females have increased lipogenic rates compared with those from males. In females, intra-abdominal PG adipocytes are more insulin-sensitive than SC adipocytes and more insulin-sensitive than male adipocytes from either depot. When stimulated by low physiological concentrations of insulin, female PG adipocytes show a robust increase in Akt and extracellular signal–related kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and lipogenesis, whereas male adipocytes show activation only at higher insulin concentrations. Adipocytes from females have higher mRNA/protein levels of several genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. After castration, adipocytes of male mice showed increased insulin sensitivity and increased lipogenic rates, whereas adipocytes of females demonstrate decreased lipid production. Increasing estrogen above physiological levels, however, also reduced lipid synthesis in females, whereas increasing dihydrotestosterone in males had no effect.

CONCLUSIONS
There are major sex differences in insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, particularly in the intra-abdominal depot, that are regulated by physiological levels of sex steroids. The increased sensitivity to insulin and lipogenesis observed in adipocytes from females may account for their lower level of insulin resistance and diabetes risk despite similar or higher fat content than in males.
Pharmacological Stimulation of NADH Oxidation Ameliorates Obesity and Related Phenotypes in Mice
Authors: Hwang Jung Hwan , Kim Dong Wook , Jo Eun Jin , Kim Yong Kyung , Jo Young Suk , Park Ji Hoon , Yoo Sang Ku , Park Myung Kyu , Kwak Tae Hwan , Kho Young Lim , Han Jin , Choi Hueng-Sik , Lee Sang-Hee , Kim Jin Man , Lee InKyu , Kyung Taeyoon , Jang Cholsoon , Chung Jongkyeong , Kweon Gi Ryang , Shong Minho 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NAD+ and NADH) play a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism, and a dysregulated NAD+-to-NADH ratio is implicated in metabolic syndrome. However, it is still unknown whether a modulating intracellular NAD+-to-NADH ratio is beneficial in treating metabolic syndrome. We tried to determine whether pharmacological stimulation of NADH oxidation provides therapeutic effects in rodent models of metabolic syndrome.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used β-lapachone (βL), a natural substrate of NADH:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), to stimulate NADH oxidation. The βL-induced pharmacological effect on cellular energy metabolism was evaluated in cells derived from NQO1-deficient mice. In vivo therapeutic effects of βL on metabolic syndrome were examined in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and ob/ob mice.

RESULTS
NQO1-dependent NADH oxidation by βL strongly provoked mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in vitro and in vivo. These effects were accompanied by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase and suppression of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase activity. Consistently, systemic βL administration in rodent models of metabolic syndrome dramatically ameliorated their key symptoms such as increased adiposity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver. The treated mice also showed higher expressions of the genes related to mitochondrial energy metabolism (PPARγ coactivator-1α, nuclear respiratory factor-1) and caloric restriction (Sirt1) consistent with the increased mitochondrial biogenesis and energy expenditure.

CONCLUSIONS
Pharmacological activation of NADH oxidation by NQO1 resolves obesity and related phenotypes in mice, opening the possibility that it may provide the basis for a new therapy for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
Location of Arterial Stiffening Differs in Those With Impaired Fasting Glucose Versus Diabetes
Authors: Rerkpattanapipat Pairoj , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Link Kerry M. , Shahar Eyal , Lima Joao A. , Bluemke David A. , Sinha Shantanu , Herrington David M. , Hundley W. Gregory 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether middle-aged and older individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), but no clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease, exhibit abnormal changes in proximal thoracic aortic stiffness or left ventricular (LV) mass when compared with healthy counterparts.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, 2,240 subjects with normal fasting glucose (NFG), 845 with IFG, and 414 with diabetes, all aged 45 to 85 years and without preexisting coronary artery disease, underwent MRI determinations of total arterial and proximal thoracic aortic stiffness and LV mass. The presence or absence of other factors known to influence arterial stiffness was assessed.

RESULTS
After adjustment for clinical factors known to modify arterial stiffness, proximal thoracic aortic stiffness was not increased in those with IFG compared with those with NFG (1.90 ± 0.05 versus 1.91 ± 0.04 10−3 mmHg−1, respectively, P = 0.83). After accounting for clinical factors known to influence LV mass, LV mass was increased in those with diabetes relative to those with NFG (150.6 ± 1.4 versus 145.8 ± 0.81 g, P &lt; 0.0009) but not in those with IFG in comparison with NFG (145.2 ± 1.03 versus 145.8 ± 0.81 g, P = 0.56).

CONCLUSIONS
Middle-aged and older individuals with the pre-diabetes state of IFG do not exhibit abnormal proximal thoracic distensibility or LV hypertrophy relative to individuals with NFG. For this reason, an opportunity may exist in those with IFG to prevent LV hypertrophy and abnormal aortic stiffness that is observed in middle-aged and older individuals with diabetes.
Relationship of Metabolic Syndrome With Incident Aortic Valve Calcium and Aortic Valve Calcium Progression
Authors: Katz Ronit , Budoff Matthew J. , Takasu Junichiro , Shavelle David M. , Bertoni Alain , Blumenthal Roger S. , Ouyang Pamela , Wong Nathan D. , O'Brien Kevin D. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with increased prevalence of aortic valve calcium (AVC) and with increased progression of aortic stenosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether MetS is associated with increased risks for the development of new (“incident”) AVC or for progression of established AVC as assessed by CT.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The relationships of MetS or its components as well as of diabetes to risks for incident AVC or AVC progression were studied among participants with CT scans performed at baseline and at either year 2 or year 3 examinations in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

RESULTS
Of 5,723 MESA participants meeting criteria for inclusion, 1,674 had MetS by Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, whereas 761 had diabetes. Among the 5,123 participants without baseline AVC, risks for incident AVC, adjusted for time between scans, age, sex, race/ethnicity, LDL cholesterol, lipid-lowering medications, and smoking, were increased significantly for MetS (odds ratio [OR] 1.67 [95% CI 1.21–2.31]) or diabetes (2.06 [1.39–3.06]). In addition, there was an increase in incident AVC risk with increasing number of MetS components. Similar results were found using the International Diabetes Federation MetS criteria. Among the 600 participants (10.5%) with baseline AVC, neither MetS nor diabetes was associated with AVC progression.

CONCLUSIONS
In the MESA cohort, MetS was associated with a significant increase in incident (“new”) AVC, raising the possibility that MetS may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent AVC development.
Genome-Wide Scan for Linkage to Type 1 Diabetes in 2,496 Multiplex Families From the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium
Authors: Concannon Patrick , Chen Wei-Min , Julier Cécile , Morahan Grant , Akolkar Beena , Erlich Henry A. , Hilner Joan E. , Nerup Jørn , Nierras Concepcion , Pociot Flemming , Todd John A. , Rich Stephen S. ,   the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
Type 1 diabetes arises from the actions of multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Considerable success at identifying common genetic variants that contribute to type 1 diabetes risk has come from genetic association (primarily case-control) studies. However, such studies have limited power to detect genes containing multiple rare variants that contribute significantly to disease risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) has assembled a collection of 2,496 multiplex type 1 diabetic families from nine geographical regions containing 2,658 affected sib-pairs (ASPs). We describe the results of a genome-wide scan for linkage to type 1 diabetes in the T1DGC family collection.

RESULTS
Significant evidence of linkage to type 1 diabetes was confirmed at the HLA region on chromosome 6p21.3 (logarithm of odds [LOD] = 213.2). There was further evidence of linkage to type 1 diabetes on 6q that could not be accounted for by the major linkage signal at the HLA class II loci on chromosome 6p21. Suggestive evidence of linkage (LOD ≥2.2) was observed near CTLA4 on chromosome 2q32.3 (LOD = 3.28) and near INS (LOD = 3.16) on chromosome 11p15.5. Some evidence for linkage was also detected at two regions on chromosome 19 (LOD = 2.84 and 2.54).

CONCLUSIONS
Five non–HLA chromosome regions showed some evidence of linkage to type 1 diabetes. A number of previously proposed type 1 diabetes susceptibility loci, based on smaller ASP numbers, showed limited or no evidence of linkage to disease. Low-frequency susceptibility variants or clusters of loci with common alleles could contribute to the linkage signals observed.
Two remarkable pinworms (Nematoda: Enterobiinae) parasitizing orangutan (Pongo abelii) in the Sumatra (Indonesia) including Lemuricola (Protenterobius) pongoi n.sp.
Authors: Foitová I. , Baruš V. , Hodová I. , Koubková B. , Nurcahyo W. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Two species of pinworms (Enterobiinae) were collected from fresh faeces of semi-wild orangutans Pongo abelii Lesson living in northern Sumatra (Indonesia). The female of Enterobius (Enterobius) buckleyi Sandosham, 1950 is redescribed. Lemuricola (Protenterobius) pongoi n. sp. is described on the basis of females (no males are available) and distinguished from L. (P.) nycticebi (Baylis, 1928) by cephalic and mouth morphology (head and teeth superstructures), body (9.85–15.46 mm) and tail (2.34–2.95 mm) length, smaller eggs (48–56 x 22–28 μm), longer vulva distance from anterior extremity (2.05–3.09 mm) and other features. Characteristic is the total body length/oesophagus length ratio (1: 15.3–22.0). Both nematode species were studied using scanning electron microscopy for the first time.
A checklist of helminth fauna of weatherfish, Misgurnus fossilis (Pisces, Cobitidae): state of the art, species list and perspectives of further studies
Authors: Popiołek M. , Kotusz J. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The helminth fauna of weatherfish (Misgurnus fossilis) in natural range is reviewed. Several helminth species reported in weatherfish are discussed with reference to host specificity and their geographical distribution. The current list of helminth parasites of the weatherfish includes 37 species. Most (15) are digenean trematodes, half of them being larval stages. Only one species of trematode — Allocreadium transversale is more specific parasite of weatherfish. Second largest group are Monogenea, with 10 species. Two of them (Gyrodactylus strelkovi and G. misgurni) are found only in the genus Misgurnus. Tapeworms (6 species) and Nematodes (6 species) are less numerous. No Acanthocephala, however, were ever found.
Cestoda and monogenea of some teleost fishes off the Mudanya Coast (Sea of Marmara, Turkey)
Authors: Oguz M. , Bray R. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The following helminths are reported from the Sea of Marmara off the Mudanya coast. Cestoda: Didymobothrium rudolphii in Solea solea, Clestobothrium crassiceps in Merluccius merluccius, tetraphyllidean larvae in Gobius niger, G. cobitis, M. merluccius, Eutrigla gurnardus, S. solea, Scorpaena scrofa and Progrillotia dasyatidis in G. niger. Monogenea: Trochopus pini in E. gurnardus, Ligophorus confusus in Liza ramada, Tetraonchoides paradoxus in Uranoscopus scaber, Microcotyle mugilis in L. ramada and Anthocotyle merluccii in M. merluccius.
A check-list of parasites of percid fishes (Actinopterygii: Percidae) from the estuaries of the Polish coastal zone
Authors: Morozinska-Gogol J. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The present paper summarized data on parasites of percid fishes (Actinopterygii: Percidae), such as pike-perch, European perch and ruffe from estuaries of the Polish coastal zone are listed, based on published records and long-term surveys carried out by the author. Parasites are listed alphabetically, separately for each host and for each parasite group with notes on their location on the host and geographical distribution (with references). A total of 41 species (taxa) of parasites were recorded on pike-perch Sander lucioperca (6 Ciliophora, 1 Myxozoa, 1 Monogenea, 11 Digenea, 4 Cestoda, 6 Nematoda, 5 Acanthocephala, 1 Mollusca, 1 Hirudinea, 4 Copepoda and 1 Branchiura). European perch, Perca fluviatilis, harboured 60 parasites (6 Ciliophora, 4 Myxozoa, 1 Monogenea, 18 Digenea, 9 Cestoda, 10 Nematoda, 5 Acanthocephala, 1 Mollusca, 1 Hirudinea, 4 Copepoda and 1 Branchiura). Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus featured 43 parasites (1 Microsporidia, 7 Ciliophora, 3 Myxozoa, 1 Monogenea, 13 Digenea, 5 Cestoda, 8 Nematoda, 2 Acanthocephala, 1 Mollusca and 2 Copepoda).
Product specification and agribusiness chain coordination: introducing the coordination differential concept
Authors: de Moura Altair Dias , Martin Sandra , Mollenkopf Diane 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAs customers increasingly demand more specific products, firms are adopting new business approaches to satisfy customers and cope with competition. Efforts to satisfy ever more demanding markets appear to be associated with increased chain coordination, yet the relationship between these two factors is unclear. This research addresses the factors that affect chain coordination, focusing on the management of business processes to meet product specifications for customers. Five fresh meat New Zealand chains were the focus of multiple case study research. Results suggest that chains use different strategies and coordination mechanisms to deliver desired product specifications. More important, while product specifications are related to chain coordination as expected, the relationship is mediated by the coordination differential—the type and amount of effort that firms employ in their business processes to achieve the desired specifications. The nature and implication of the coordination differential concept are discussed. [L140, L150, L170]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Life‐transforming congregations
Authors: Ellsworth Robert B. , Ellsworth Janet B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHundreds of studies have shown that people who are actively involved in faith communities have less cardiovascular disease, live significantly longer and enjoy higher levels of wellbeing. But which aspects impact lives in healthy ways? This paper identifies six ministry essentials with very strong links to emotional and spiritual wellbeing, based on surveying over 26,000 worshippers in 174 church congregations. We also list seven of the most important things that church communities can do to impact more lives. In addition, we discovered a very strong link between emotional aliveness in church communities and their life‐changing impact. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Phase Equilibria in the System Nd2O3—Na2O—P2O5 . The Partial System NdPO4—Na4P2O7 —NaPO3.
Authors: Znamierowska Teresa , Bandrowski Szymon 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Direct Decomposition of NO over the La2CuO4 Nanofiber Catalyst.
Authors: Gao Lizhen , Chua Hui Tong , Kawi Sibudjing 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth and Structural Investigation of A2BReO6 (A: Sr, Ba; B: Li, Na).
Authors: Bharathy M. , zur Loye H.‐C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cross‐Couplings of Racemic Propargylic Halides with Arylzinc Reagents.
Authors: Smith Sean W. , Fu Gregory C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Reaction of Diazonium Salts with Nitriles.
Authors: Saez Rebeca , Otero M. Dolores , Batanero Belen , Barba Fructuoso 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: [(CyPF‐tBu)PdCl2]: An Air‐Stable, One‐Component, Highly Efficient Catalyst for Amination of Heteroaryl and Aryl Halides.
Authors: Shen Qilong , Hartwig John F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Benzenes and Phenols by Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis.
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiro , Takahashi Hidetoshi , Imamoto Tsuneo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Iodine‐Catalyzed Benzylation Reaction of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Li Zhongxian , Duan Zheng , Wang Huaiqiu , Tian Rongqiang , Zhu Qianrui , Wu Yangjie 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.