bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of High Protein MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour) Using Papain and Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Afifah DIni Nur , Ma'ruf Anwar , Putri Regita Nanda , Santosa Arif Prashadi , Hamad Alwani 
Published: April 2024

Wheat is one of Indonesia's primary sources of carbohydrates. However, the need for wheat still depends on imports. So, developing local flour based on Indonesia's natural resources is necessary. One source of carbohydrates easily found in Indonesia is cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz). Although there are many in Indonesia, the diversification of cassava-based products is still limited. In this research, MOCAF flour was developed and produced by fermenting cassava tubers with lactic acid bacteria. The enzymatic activity during the MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour) production process is believed to change the physicochemical properties of cassava so that MOCAF products have characteristics similar to wheat flour and are expected to meet the gap between the demand and availability of flour. Even though it can potentially substitute wheat, MOCAF flour only has about 1% protein content, influencing dough rheology. According to the problem, a process modification was done by adding the enzyme papain (PAP) as a support enzyme to improve the performance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In order to study the effect of the papain enzyme, variations were made on the ratio of lactic acid starter: papain enzyme (LAB: PAP) and fermentation time. The ratio of (LAB: PAP) was varied to 40:1, 40:3, 40:5, 40:7, and 40:9, while the fermentation period was varied to 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. The fermentation was conducted by using cassava varieties of Singkur aerobically. The primary starter contained Lactobacillus, sp, developed by PT. Rumah Mocaf Indonesia and the papain enzyme used have an activity of 100,000 U/g. Data analysis showed that the addition of papain enzyme doses with a ratio to the lactic acid starter of 40:7 was able to produce MOCAF with the best characteristics: protein content, starch content, and swelling power of 3.72%, 9.99%, 16.00%, respectively. The data trend of research also showed that the number of papain enzymes only significantly affects starch content and swelling power. On the other hand, fermentation time has a significant effect on these three characteristics (protein, starch, swelling power).

Keywords: Cassava, fermentation, lactic acid bacteria, MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour), papain enzyme
An Acid Test for Spacing Decisions Complete 44 Wells With 129 Miles of Laterals on a 3×2-Mile Lease in the Midland Basin
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: April 2024

ConocoPhillips has an increasingly rare opportunity in the Permian—6 square miles of land over multiple layers of prime, undeveloped shale.
The scale of this Midland Basin project is huge—44 wells with laterals running the 3-mile length of the lease—as is the company’s patience.
Last fall, when a ConocoPhillips panel described the megaproject at the SPE Permian Basin Energy Conference in Midland, they said they were about 70% done with drilling. Fracturing would begin as drilling was ending and would take about 8 months to complete.
Only then would the wells in this geologic tank go into production, limiting any interactions with older wells inside the lease lines. However, outside that boundary there are older wells that could interact.
Brady Kolb, a staff geologist for ConocoPhillips who led off the panel discussion, explained, “All the zones communicate in some shape or form, so we take the whole tank and deliver it at the same time to maximize resource capture.”
The gains come from avoiding harmful interactions with older wells and the depleted zones they create, as well as the rock left undeveloped to create wide buffer zones around parents.
In addition, they are deploying innovative technology to reduce fuel costs and emissions, from grid power for two of its five drilling rigs to processing field gas to create the rich gas needed to run fracturing equipment. And they are using the flood of data gathered while drilling to continuously improve work on later wells.
On one level, it will certainly succeed. ConocoPhillips needed to begin drilling to hold on to a valuable lease with prime targets in the Wolfcamp and Spraberry formations.
“We had a pretty significant drilling obligation on the ranch and had to drill quite a few wells,” said Carl Warren, a senior reservoir engineer for ConocoPhillips, during the Permian conference panel discussion.
For ConocoPhillips this is a high-profile example of its approach to maximizing the value of its shale development with longer laterals and graduating all the wells to production at about the same time, also known as “co-development.”
“Co-development allows us to minimize the parent-child impacts while improving recovery, as well as capital efficiency. And we’ve demonstrated over the past 4 years, both in the Midland Basin as well as the Delaware Basin, improved performance there,” said Nick Olds, executive vice president Lower 48 for Conoco Phillips during an earnings call last November.
ConocoPhillips will complete 129 miles of laterals in a zone that covers 1,300 ft of rock (8,500 to 9,800-ft total vertical depth) within the 3×2-mile area to test what it has learned about placing wells and to maximize the return on investment.
Those with long memories are likely to remember past efforts at mass development, known as cube or tank developments. Those were examples of a good concept undermined by a blunder—those pioneers crammed far too many closely spaced horizontal wells into a formation.
Technology Focus: Heavy Oil (April 2024)
Authors: Lastiwka Marty 
Published: April 2024

Heavy oil can be one of the more technically challenging resources to recover. It is often easy to find but hard to move. This creates an incentive for knowledge seekers and problem solvers: The puzzle pieces are on the table; we just need to put them together.
The physical characteristics of heavy oil and the formations in which it is found—the puzzle pieces—are often unique to a region or even to a specific asset, so recovery techniques must be tuned, adapted, and sometimes invented for each region. Creative professionals around the world are taking up this challenge and sharing their work with us in a wealth of excellent recent publications.
In particular in our featured papers, we see three different parts of the world working with three different recovery techniques.
First, we have a fundamental study in paper SPE 212779 of a perennial question from Canada’s oil sands: Where does the emulsion form in the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) recovery process, where the effect of a surfactant is studied?
Moving south to paper SPE 213199, we review a study that progresses from laboratory work to field implementation using foam injection in Colombia in conjunction with cyclic steam stimulation.
From Colombia, we look across to the other side of the world to paper SPE 215943, where we see a transition from steamflood recovery to an adapted configuration of SAGD, with a comprehensive discussion on optimizing production in Mukhaizna field in Oman.
The theme of adaptation and invention continues in our recommended reading, with discussions of fundamental research, applied and practical insights on field implementation, and all the steps in between as these are applied to heavy oil production challenges around the world. I hope you enjoy the tour.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 212767 Part 1: Kinetics of Methane Exsolution From Bitumen in Thermal Recovery Processes—Experimental Study by Mohammad Khalifi, Imperial Oil Resources, et al.
SPE 214113 Physical and Numerical Simulations of Offset Well Pair Combined Steam-Drive and Gravity-Drainage Process To Develop Superheavy Oil or Oil Sands Project by Guangyue Liang, China National Petroleum Corporation, et al.
SPE 215342 Optimization of Chemical Acid Stimulation by Improving Selection Intervals in Lateral Section of Horizontal Well in X Field Heavy Oil Steamflood by Fatichin Fatichin, Pertamina, et al.
Breaking the voltage hysteresis of conversion electrodes for high energy batteries
Authors: Jiang Yinzhu , Li Haosheng , Xia Yufan , Zhang Xuan , Xu Ben , Pan Hongge , Cao Keshuang , Shi Tingting , Ma Jie , Sun Wenping , Yan Mi , Wang Chin-Wei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Large voltage hysteresis on the conversion electrode between charging and discharging leads to unacceptable energy loss, which severely bottlenecks their application in batteries. Herein, we clarify that the voltage hysteresis stems from the phase difference in the electrochemical interface in between the conversion and reconversion. An unique interface inducing-stabilizing regulation is proposed to achieve “voltage hysteresis free” conversion electrode for the first time, through inducing and stabilizing a Cu(I) phase-dominated electrochemical interface and therefore paving a thermodynamically reversible reaction pathway. An unprecedented energy efficiency of 95.5% and an extremely high energy density of 1515 Wh kgcathode-1 are achieved in the lithium battery configuration based on a CuF2 cathode. This work not only advance the understanding of conversion electrochemistry but also unlock the potential of conversion electrodes toward high energy batteries.
Inflation Transmission Diagnostics via a Bayesian Graph Vector Autoregressive Model with Markov Switching
Authors: Fu Jiali , Cai Fengjing , Wu Jinran , Zhao Shangrui , Wang You-Gan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The transmission of inflation is a widespread occurrence, and managing inflationary pres-sures is a crucial macroeconomic challenge. Although inflation is a typical macroeconomic variable, its contemporaneous and lagged causal relationships have not been thoroughly investigated, which could result in missing important policy insights. The Bayesian graph vector autoregression (BGVAR) model can identify contemporaneous and lagged causal relationships among economic variables, but it lacks practical research on inflationary inflation. To account for the structural transformation in the inflation transmission process, we propose a Bayesian graph vector autoregressive model with Markov switching (MS-BGVAR), which considers both regime switching and contemporaneous causality among macroe-conomic variables. Our study focuses on analyzing the dynamics of inflation transmission relationships among G7 countries under different regimes, as these countries represent developed nations. We use inflation data from 1971-2019, which shows two distinct inflation regimes within the sample period. We conduct simulation experiments to generate moderately dimensional simulated data for both regimes and indicators, demonstrating the theoretical reliability of our model in accurately identifying graph structures. Finally, we apply the proposed model to identify structural breaks and causal transmission relationships in the inflation transmission process of G7 economies, demonstrating that the proposed model has significant economic significance and good explanatory power in the selected target countries.
Optimization of a novel hybrid photo-ozonation peroxymonosulfate process for degradation of Acid Black ATT dye in aqueous environment
Authors: Majlesi Monireh , Rahmati Seyedeh Hoda , Alipour Arash , Soleimanid Maedeh , Durán-Álvarez Juan C. , Hashemi Marjan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The current research aimed to simultaneously generate sulfate and hydroxyl radicals to break down Acid Black ATT dye. It was observed that using UV radiation and ozonation separately is insufficient for the complete decomposition of this dye compound. Based on the results of this experiment under the optimum conditions (pH=10, O3=20 mg/min, PMS=0.4 mM L-1, and AB-ATT= 20 mg/L), the UV/O3/PMS process is able to completely remove all dye concentrations from 10 to 30 mg/L in 10 minutes, with significant removal of TOC and COD. For every 0.1 mM increase in PMS concentration, dye removal increased by 14 %. Hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were identified as the primary active species responsible for the degradation. The degradation followed first kinetic order, and hydroxylation and decarboxylation pathways were found to contribute significantly to the process. Based on the findings of this study, the combined UV/O3/PMS process can be used as an environmentally friendly hybrid technology of advanced sulfate-based oxidation to remove recalcitrant contaminants from aqueous solutions.
Entropy Based Uncertain Multi Objective Multi-Item Fixed Charge 4D Transportation
Problem Involving Breakable and Substitute Items
Authors: Bind Awdhesh Kumar , Rani Deepika , Goyal Kapil Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Decision-makers always strive to build transport systems that are both profitable and sustainable. Such systems
seek to satisfy transportation requirements while minimizing adverse environmental effects and enhancing economic
viability. Cost savings and the reduction of the environmental impact can be boosted by improving the
supply chain management and freight transportation efficiency. In the transportation systems, energy conservation,
waste reduction, recyclable packaging, plastic reduction and sustainable transportation can majorly contribute to
the environmental sustainability. During transportation, several types of vehicles are used and generally these vehicles
use different type of fuels like petrol, diesel, CNG etc. These vehicles emit green house gases that pollute the
environment. In this study, an entropy based multi-objective 4D transportation problem with breakable and substitute
items is developed and examined in order to maximize profit and reduce the carbon emissions. The items have
been purchased at various depots at various prices. Different types of breakable/replacement items are delivered via
different routes using various types of vehicles having varying capacities. All the parameters have been taken to be
zigzag uncertain variables. Different models are developed in accordance with the management and the customer
decisions regarding the substitutability of items. Chance-constrained programming has been used to transform the
equivalent crisp models. All the models have been solved using the intuitionistic fuzzy programming technique
using the LINGO 19.0 optimization solver with x64-based system type and Intel(R) Pentium(R) CPU 4405U @
2.10GHz, 2100 Mhz, 2 Core(s) Processor. A real life based numerical problem is presented and solved to validate
the concept and the results are compared with respect to the nature of the obtained solution.
Precise and Robust Sidewalk Detection: Leveraging Ensemble Learning to Surpass LLM Limitations in Urban Environments
Authors: Shihab Ibne Farabi , Alvee Benjir Islam , Bhagat Sudesh Ramesh , Sharma Anuj 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study aims to compare the effectiveness of a robust ensemble model with the state-of-the-art ONE-PEACE Large Language Model (LLM) for accurate detection of sidewalks. Accurate sidewalk detection is crucial in improving road safety and urban planning. The study evaluated the model’s performance on Cityscapes, Ade20k, and the Boston Dataset. The results showed that the ensemble model performed better than the individual models, achieving mean Intersection Over Union (mIOU) scores of 93.1%, 90.3%, and 90.6% on these datasets under ideal conditions. Additionally, the ensemble model maintained a consistent level of performance even in challenging conditions such as Salt-and-Pepper and Speckle noise, with only a gradual decrease in efficiency observed. On the other hand, the ONE-PEACE LLM performed slightly better than the ensemble model in ideal scenarios but experienced a significant decline in performance under noisy conditions. These findings demonstrate the robustness and reliability of the ensemble model, making it a valuable asset for improving urban infrastructure related to road safety and curb space management. This study contributes positively to the broader context of urban health and mobility.
Extreme River Flood Exposes Latent Erosion Risk From Human Control Measures
Authors: Barneveld Hermjan , Frings Roy , Mosselman Erik , Venditti Jeremy , Kleinhans Maarten , Blom Astrid , Schielen Ralph , Toonen Willem , Meijer Douwe , Paarlberg Andries , Denderen Pepijn , Jong Jurjen , Beemster Joris , Melsen Lieke , Hoitink A.J.F. (Ton) 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and magnitude of river floods. Flood flows not only cause direct damage by inundation, but also jeopardize infrastructure as a consequence of bank failure and river bed erosion processes that are poorly understood. The increased human exposure to floods has resulted in flood safety programs mainly focused on dikes and river widening. Here, we demonstrate and explain how extreme peak floods in embanked rivers, nonuniformly engineered to avoid flooding, can cause unexpected and hazardous erosion. The extreme and unanticipated 2021 flood in the Meuse Basin caused dozens of fatalities and a multibillion damage to infrastructure. Based on a large dataset and hydrodynamic modelling of the Meuse River, we unravel how multiple factors caused massive erosion in a river that was considered safe. Crucially, a recently implemented flood safety program widened the river, but created bottlenecks where infrastructure prevented widening. There, sixteen extreme scour holes formed during the 2021 flood, one exceeding 15 m deep. We infer the extreme scours are caused by the combined effect of tectonic uplift, gravel mining and riverbed incision in response to river realignment, which resulted in thinning of the gravel layer above fine Tertiary sediments. Gravel dunes formed and exposed the easily erodible sands in the troughs, which were rapidly suspended. Our findings demonstrate that subsurface heterogeneity, climate change induced discharge extremes and human control measures lead to a growing risk of uncontrolled erosion, being a peril both for infrastructure and for people living in former floodplains.
Compact Slotted Modified Triangular Patch Antenna For 5G Applications in 28 GHz Band
Authors: Hannan Mohammad Hannan Mohammad , Ghosh Saptarshi Ghosh Saptarshi , Shanmuganantham T. Shanmuganantham T. , Shafi Faizan Shafi Faizan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this work, we introduce a slotted modified triangular microstrip antenna(MPA) that can resonate at 28GHz frequencies for 5G. The suggested antenna consists of a triangular patch with a rectangular slit on its upper layer. The composite antenna is printed on a RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, and its dimensions are \(r = 2.2, r = 1\), loss tangent = 0.0002, and thickness = 0.5 mm. The return loss(S11),VSWR, bandwidth, efficiency, benefit and directivity of an antenna are measured and compared to recent studies of similar antennas. We examine the antenna's strengths with as well as without the curved slot, and we argue that the slot is necessary for the antenna to remain compact inside the patch. The proposed architectures are modeled in high-frequency structural simulator (Ansys HFSS-22). The simulation results show that the antenna's Reflection coefficient(S11) is -17.4 dB at 28 GHz, gain is 6.72 dB, and its VSWR is 1.28.
Poverty and Resilience impacts of conservation agriculture adoption against Climatic-Shocks in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mume Jafer , Haji Jema , Jaleta Moti , Jemal Kedir 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The aims of this study is to analysis adoption and impacts of conservation agriculture on poverty and resilience to drought in Eastern Ethiopia. Multi-stage sampling method was employed and four districts were randomly selected from Eastern Hararghe Zone. Using cross-sectional survey data collected in 2023 from 430 households, multinomial endogenous switching regression was applied in impact evaluation. The result shows farm experience, education, climatic-socks experience, access to climate information, access to extension, number of oxen, farm size, labor force, livestock and distance to market are determinants of CA adoption in terms of inter-cropping, crop rotation and crop residue retention or mulch practices in its single and combination of practices. Poverty was evaluated based on cost-of-basic-need and resilience to drought is in its index. Results of average treatment effect on treated shows adoption is significantly reduced poverty and increased drought resilience index in the area. The study shows importance role of extension service in adoption of CA practices. Policy implication for these results is that there is a need to encourage extension facilities and awareness to promote better adoption of CA particularly, in its combination. Because, combination of practices increased consumption adopters by 73.3 percent compared to non-adopters, given its significant impact on households’ poverty and resilience to drought in moisture stress area of eastern Ethiopia.
A Novel Path Planning Approach for Non-planar Robotic Additive Manufacturing to Build and Repair the Parts of Cylindrical Geometry.
Authors: Krishna Juttuka Vamsi , Karanth Panambur Navin , Guruprasad Kannarpadi Ramakrishna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A conventional Additive Manufacturing (AM) system has 3-DOF, called 2.5D printing, since the print head moves in X and Y directions, and the print bed goes down (0.5Z) after printing one layer. Traditional AM machines always deposit the material in the direction of gravity. With the advent of multi-axis AM, it is possible to deposit the material in different directions. Multidirectional material deposition and non-planar AM are the prevailing AM techniques. A robotic manipulator has multiple DOFs that can deposit the material in different directions in a continuous 3D space. This paper presents a novel slicing and path planning method to print non-planar layers on a cylindrical surface and provide an information pathway for generating a trajectory starting from an STL CAD model. The process planning is implemented for cylindrical slicing and path planning using a boustrophedon algorithm for a binary map. The infill pattern is generated in planar space and transformed into cylindrical coordinates, and the orientation is generated using a heuristic path to affect the entire process. The cylindrical slicing algorithm is implemented for a 6-DOF robotic manipulator, and the proposed approach detects infill and non-infill regions on the cylinder with the help of binary maps. The proposed technique builds and repairs the parts of cylindrical geometry without any external rotation mechanism.