bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between pediatric primary provider visits and acute asthma ED visits
Authors: Smith Sharon R. , Wakefield Dorothy B. , Cloutier Michelle M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between primary care provider visits and emergency department (ED) asthma visits for urban, minority children.DesignThis is a retrospective review of eligibility files and Medicaid claims for children with asthma from 1999 to 2001.ParticipantsChildren 24 months through 17 years of age with Medicaid or state health insurance, who resided in Hartford, Connecticut, and had persistent asthma, were included.Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was the number of ICD‐9 asthma‐related primary care visits in the 12‐month period before asthma ED visits. Secondary outcomes included the number of filled prescriptions for controller medications 3 and 12 months before emergency asthma visits.ResultsOne thousand four hundred seventy‐four children met study criteria. Children with a greater number of asthma‐related primary care visits during the previous 12 months were less likely to have asthma‐related ED visits in 2000 and 2001 (both years P < 0.001). Children with an asthma‐related ED visit had fewer primary care visits (for any reason) in 2000 but not in 2001 (P < 0.01). In 2000, the odds that children with 3 or more asthma‐related primary care visits and a filled inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) had an asthma ED visit were 1/5 those of children with fewer asthma‐related PCP visits or no filled ICS (OR = 0.20, 95% CI (0.06, 0.65)). Fewer than 17% of all children with asthma‐related ED visits filled any prescription for controller medications in the 3 months before these visits.ConclusionAsthma‐related primary care visits are associated with fewer asthma‐related ED visits in urban children. 2007;42:1041–1047. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety culture factors, group differences, and risk perception in five petrochemical plants
Authors: Kao Chen‐Shan , Lai Wei Hunq , Chuang Tien Fu , Lee Jin‐Chuan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper was retracted for necessary author revisions. It later appeared in the June 2008 issue, Vol 27, Issue 2, pp 145 to 152. DOI 10.1002/prs.10246
Luminescence in Si/SiO2/Si structure formed by oxygen implantation
Authors: Shen Zhonghan , Wu Changliang , Lu Qian , Zhang Xin , Wu Xiao‐Jing 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLuminescent phenomenon, especially electroluminescence (EL), is studied for two samples with a structure of Si/SiO2/Si prepared by oxygen implantation. The asymmetry of EL found in this structure is attributed to the electrical asymmetry of these samples. Several luminescent spots can be observed at the exact same positions under both positive and negative bias, and their area density is about 102/cm2 in these samples. Photoemission microscope (PEM) and optical beam induced resistance change (OBIRCH) are used for the study of EL phenomenon before and after electrical breakdown of the samples, while transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used for the study of the sample's structure. Nc‐Si (nanocrystal silicon) related peaks cannot be found in photoluminescence (PL) spectra for the sample containing Si islands, while oxygen defect related peaks between 350–650 nm can be found for all samples. Luminescence mechanism is discussed based on the model of defect luminescent center (DLC). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of pelletization pressure on the structural and transport properties of TlCaBaCuO superconductors
Authors: Topal U. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn investigation is reported of the effects of pelletization pressure on the structural and transport properties of polycrystalline TlCaBaCuO samples with nominal composition of Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10–x. The measurements reveal the following interesting results as the pelletization pressure increases: (1) the volume fraction of self‐formed Tl‐2212 phase decreases and the amount of target Tl‐2223 phase increases; and (2) the links between grains become stronger. Consequently, energy dissipation on grain boundaries decreases and critical current increases. The paper also discusses the applicability of thallium samples as magnetic field sensors. It was found that the samples pelletized at low pressures become more sensitive to a magnetic field compared to those pelletized at high pressures. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photovoltaic effects in InGaN structures with p–n junctions
Authors: Yang Cuibai , Wang Xiaoliang , Xiao Hongling , Ran Junxue , Wang Cuimei , Hu Guoxin , Wang Xinhua , Zhang Xiaobin , Li Jianping , Li Jinmin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractInGaN photovoltaic structures with p–n junctions have been fabricated by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. Using double‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements, it was found that the room temperature band gaps of p‐InGaN and n‐InGaN films were 2.7 and 2.8 eV, respectively. Values of 3.4 × 10–2 mA cm–2 short‐circuit current, 0.43 V open‐circuit voltage and 0.57 fill factor have been achieved under ultraviolet illumination (360 nm), which were related to p–n junction connected back‐to‐back with a Schottky barrier and many defects of the p‐InGaN film. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of hydrogen on electronic structure of fcc iron in relation to hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic steels
Authors: Teus S. M. , Shivanyuk V. N. , Shanina B. D. , Gavriljuk V. G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe total structural energy per primitive lattice cell, density of electron states, spatial distribution of electrons and elastic modulus in fcc Fe–H solid solutions are studied using the density functional theory and Wien2k program package. It is shown that hydrogen increases the density of electron states at the Fermi level. The density of conduction electrons is increased in the vicinity of hydrogen atoms, which suggests that the latter migrate over the crystal lattice surrounded by the clouds of conduction electrons. Calculations of elastic modulus show that hydrogen decreases the shear modulus c44. The consequences for mechanical properties of hydrogen‐charged austenitic steels are analysed taking into account the stress for activation of dislocation sources, the line tension of dislocations and the distance between dislocations in pile‐ups. It is concluded that hydrogen‐induced brittleness of austenitic steels can be satisfactorily interpreted in terms of the hydrogen effect on the electronic structure. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Software component composition: a subdomain‐based testing‐theory foundation
Authors: Hamlet Dick 
Published: September 2007

AbstractComposition of software elements into assemblies (systems) is a fundamental aspect of software development. It is an important strength of formal mathematical specification that the descriptions of elements can be precisely composed into the descriptions of assemblies. Testing, on the other hand, is usually thought to be ‘non‐compositional.’ Testing provides information about any executable software element, but testing descriptions have not been combined to describe assemblies of elements. The underlying reason for the compositional deficiency of testing is that tests are samples. When two elements are composed, the input samples (test points) for the first lead to an output sample, but it does not match the input test points of the second, following element. The current interest in software components and component‐based software development (CBSD) provides an ideal context for investigating elements and assemblies. In CBSD, the elements (components) are analysed without knowledge of the system(s) to be later assembled. A fundamental testing theory of component composition must use measured component properties (test results) to predict system properties. This paper proposes a testing‐based theory of software component composition based on subdomains. It shows how to combine subdomain tests of components into testing predictions for arbitrarily complex assemblies formed by sequence, conditional, and iteration constructions. The basic construction of the theory applies to functional behaviour, but the theory can also predict the system's non‐functional properties from component subdomain tests. Compared with the alternative of actually building and testing a system, theoretical predictions are computationally more efficient. The theory can also be described as an exercise in modelling. Components are replaced by abstractions derived from testing them, and these models are manipulated to model system behaviour. This article replaces a previously published version. DOI:10.1002/stvr.368. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical reflection and mechanical rebound: the shift from analogy to axiomatization in the seventeenth century. Part 1
Authors: SMITH RUSSELL 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper aims to show that the seventeenth-century conception of mechanics as the science of particles in motion founded on universal laws of motion owes much to the employment of a new conceptual resource – the physics of motion developed within optics. The optical analysis of reflection was dynamically interpreted through the mechanical analogy of rebound. The kinematical and dynamical principles so employed became directly applicable to natural phenomena after the eventual transformation of light's ontological status from that of an Aristotelian ‘quality’ to a corpuscular phenomenon, engendered by the rise of atomism during the first half of the seventeenth century. The mechanization of light led to a conceptual shift from the analogical employment of dynamical principles in the physical interpretation of reflection to the mechanical generalization of optical principles – the direct application of kinematical and dynamical principles of reflection to mechanical collisions. This first part of the paper traces out the first conceptual shift from Aristotle's original analogy of reflection as rebound to its full concretization. A second part will trace out the second conceptual shift, from the full concretization of this analogy to the axiomatization of already generalized kinematical and dynamical principles of reflection into laws of nature and of motion.
VALUES EXPRESSED IN NIGERIAN CHILDREN'S DRAWINGS*
Authors: Zaidi S.M.Hafeez 
Published: September 2007

Five hundred and sixty‐five human figure drawings by 8 to 11 year old Nigerian boys and girls are analyzed in terms of depiction of dress, physical features, work activities, facial expression and social roles. These drawings are assumed to project the social values of present‐day Nigerian society.The analysis indicates a dominant preference for modern dress, attachment to own‐group physical features, and choice of family relatives as subjects of the drawing. In addition, more men than women are drawn as engaged in work, and more women than men are shown with smiling faces. Reasons for drawing a particular person include kindness of the person towards the respondent, his/her wealth, qualities of character, possession of certain skills and attractive features.The results seem to indicate transition from some of Nigeria's traditional values and an attempt at readjustment in a rapidly changing society.
ROLE DU PARTENAIRE ADULTE DANS LA GENESE DE LA COMMUNICATION: LES PRINCIPAUX COURANTS THEORIQUES
Authors: Marcos Haydée 
Published: September 2007

According to some authors, socialisation explains the emergence and development of communicative behavior. Other authors think that this development is an autonomous process: either because communication and even sociability exist per se and are innate activities of the infant, or because the development of communication is an aspect of cognitive development. Up to the present time the experiments and observations do not lend support to one hypothesis over the other: there are strong arguments in both directions, without them being definitive.Two approaches seem suited to establish the range and restriction of these different theoretical points of view: a systematic analysis of the reciprocal roles of the adult and the infant during interaction and the study of the influence of certain characteristics of the family or institutional milieu on the communicative behavior of the infant.
THE CONSISTENCY OF NIGERIANS' PERFORMANCE ON THREE TASKS MEASURING FIELD DEPENDENCE
Authors: Fowler C.J.H. , Fowler J.F. 
Published: September 2007

The study attempts to examine the consistency of Nigerians' performance on three measures of field dependence. The measures used were the Embedded Figures Test (EFT), Block Design (BD) and the Rod and Frame Box (RFB), and samples were drawn from a university (N = 48) and two local schools (N = 38) located in east‐central Nigeria.In line with previous studies, the most significant correlation was between EFT and BD. Interpretation of the partial correlations suggested that EFT and BD may share at least two common factors but that each appears to share only one of these with RFB. These factors were discussed in terms of the hemispheric processing requirements of these measures. It was suggested that EFT and BD, which involve cognitive restructuring, may require an ability to integrate the processing abilities of the two hemispheres, whereas RFB may only involve left hemisphere processing. This interpretation may also help to explain some of the sex and age effects found in the present study.More research is needed to help isolate the various processing requirements of the different measures of field dependence.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RECIDIVISTS AND CONTRACEPTORS ALONG THE DIMENSIONS OF LOCUS OF CONTROL AND IMPULSIVITY
Authors: Gibb Gerald D. 
Published: September 2007

The research examined personality differences between repeat aborters, initial aborters, and nulliparas. A review of the literature in the area has documented the demographic characteristics of women who continually seek repeated abortion. This study was an attempt to differentiate between women who contracept from those who seek abortion repeatedly on the basis of personality differences.The findings indicate that repeaters who seek abortion at the time of personality testing perceive themselves low in impulsivity, a finding similar to that for women who have never been pregnant and are seeking contraceptive services. Results are examined from the perspective of inaccurate vs accurate self‐perceptions. No differences were found with respect to locus of control.
ACCULTURATION INDICES AS A MEANS OF CONFIRMING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
Authors: Triandis Harry C. , Kashima Yoshihisa , Shimada Emiko , Villareal Marcelo 
Published: September 2007

The acculturation of subjects from culture A to culture B can take three forms: the more acculturated subjects may make responses that are similar to the responses made by subjects from culture B (accommodation), they may go beyond B's position (overshooting), and they may move in the opposite direction from the position of the members of culture B (ethnic affirmation). The paper presents three sets of data concerning elements of subjective culture (role perceptions, behavioral intentions, and stereotypes), with subjects speaking Spanish and residing in the U.S. who are at three levels of acculturation. The data show that role perceptions and behavioral intentions are characterized mostly by accommodation, while stereotypes are characterized mostly by ethnic affirmation. A theoretical explanation of this pattern of results is that elements of subjective culture are linked to overt behavior both directly and indirectly. As members of culture A acculturate to culture B, their behavior becomes similar to the behavior of members of culture B. Those elements of subjective culture that are directly linked with this behavior change; however, those elements that are not directly linked do not change or even show ethnic affirmation. Testing of this theoretical formulation will require additional research.L'acculturation de sujets d'une culture A à une culture B peut prendre trois formes: Les sujets les plus acculturés peuvent donner des réponses qui sont semblables aux réponses données par des sujets de la culture B (accommodation), ils peuvent aller au‐delà de la position de la culture B (surpassement) et ils peuvent aller dans une direction opposée de celle des membres de la culture B (affirmation ethnique). Cet article présente trois groupes de données qui concernent des éléments de culture subjective (perception des rôles, intentions comportementales et stéréotypes), avec des sujets hispanophones résidant aux Etats‐Unis et des trois niveaux d'acculturation. Les données montrent que les perceptions de rôle et les intentions comportementales sont caractérisées surtout par l'accommodation tandis que les stéréotypes sont caractérisées surtout par l'affirmation ethnique. Une explication possible de ces résultats est que des éléments de culture subjective sont liés directement et indirectement au comportement ouvert. Le comportement de membres d'une culture A acculturés à une culture B devient similaire au comportement des membres de cette culture B. Les éléments de culture subjective qui sont directement liés à ce comportement changent; cependant les éléments qui ne lui sont pas liés restent inchangés ou présentent měme une affirmation ethnique. Des recherches supplémentaires seront nécessaires pour tester cette formulation théorique.
BASIC RELATIONS IN CHILD LANGUAGE AND THE WORD ORDER MYTH
Authors: Weist Richard M. , Witkowska‐Stadnik Katarzyna 
Published: September 2007

The research involved an evaluation of the psychological reality of the syntactic functions of subject and object, the semantic functions of agent and patient, and the discourse functions of given and new. The domain of analysis was from the early two‐word into the early three‐word phase (approximately 1;7 to 2;5) of the acquisition of the relatively synthetic language of Polish.An analysis of the inflectional morphology revealed the appropriate use of all seven cases and contrasts within three dimensions of agreement before 1;9. These varied inflectional forms were used with sufficient frequency to argue that the nominative case and the agreement relations are productive subjecthood properties at this phase of development. The semantic function of the subject noun phrase was either an agent or a patient. Hence, case and agreement cannot be reduced to properties of semantic functions.Since both subject and object were rarely realized simultaneously in the surface structure in the early phase of two word utterances, the set of verb plus subject and verb plus object patterns (i.e., SV, VS, OV, and VO) were analyzed for the discourse functions of given and new. Neither discourse function nor cannonical (SV and VO) form control word order. As both subject and object came to be realized in the surface structure, subject before object priority was revealed as a subjecthood property but not in a rigid word order (i.e., both SVO and SOV patterns occurred). The evidence demonstrates the independent status of the syntactic function of subject.
A FACTOR ANALYTIC STUDY OF ACHIEVEMENT GOALS AND MEANS: AN INDIAN VIEW*
Authors: Agarwal Rekha , Misra Girishwar 
Published: September 2007

The present paper analyzes the meaning of achievement in the Indian socio‐cultural context. Based on earlier studies of the authors, measures of goals and means of achievement were administered on samples drawn from rural and urban settings in north India. The responses were subjected to principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation. The results indicated that achievement is a multidimensional cognition and its structure in the Indian context is different from the concept of achievement employed in the traditional theory of achievement motivation. They implicate that a comprehensive understanding of achievement strivings requires attention to culture‐specific aspects of achievement.Cette étude analyse le sens de l'accomplissement dans le contexte socio‐culturel indien. Basées sur de précédentes études des auteurs, des mesures de finalités et des sens d'accomplissement ont été administrées à des échantillons issus de milieux ruraux et urbains du nord de l'Inde. Les résultats ont montré que l'accomplissement est multidimensionnel et que sa structure dans le contexte indien est différente du concept d'accomplissement utilisé dans la théorie traditionnelle de motivation. Ils impliquent qu'une compréhension profonde des efforts d'accomplissement nécessite d'ětre attentif aux aspects de l'accomplissement liés à la culture.
THE VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF CHINESE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN HONG KONG
Authors: Lau Sing 
Published: September 2007

The Rokeach Value Survey was used to measure the value orientations of a large sample of 927 Chinese university students in Hong Kong. Based on their ranking of 18 terminal and 18 instrumental values, it was found that the students tended to put greater emphases on personal and competency oriented values. Specifically, the four most important terminal values were true friendship, happiness, self‐respect, and wisdom; and the four least important terminal values were social recognition, a comfortable life, salvation, and pleasure. The four most important instrumental values included responsible, courageous, intellectual, and capable; and the four least important instrumental values included imaginative, polite, obedient, and clean. Male students tended to be more concerned with personal, accomplishment, and competency related values; whereas female students were more attracted to family, moral, and more intrinsic kinds of values. This study also provided evidence on the validity of the Rokeach Value Survey measure. It was shown that the values in the Rokeach measure correlated significantly with similar values in Scott's Personal Values Scale, another value measure with multi‐item rating scales.L'Echelle des valeurs de Rokeach a été utilisée pour déterminer les orientations de valeur d'un vaste échantillon de 927 étudiants universitaires chinois de Hong Kong. En se basant sur leur mise en rangs de 18 valeurs terminales et de 18 valeurs instrumentales, il a été observé que les étudiants avaient tendance à mettre plus d'emphase sur les valeurs personnelles et les valeurs d'orientation vers la compétence. Plus particulièrement, les quatre valeurs terminales les plus importantes étaient la véritable amitié, le bonheur, le respect de soi, et la sagesse; les quatre valeurs terminales les moins importantes étaient la reconnaissance sociale, une vie confortable, le salut et le plaisir. Les quatre valeurs instrumentales les plus importantes étaient définies par les termes responsable, courageux, intellectuel et capable; les quatre valeurs instrumentales les moins importantes étaient définies par les termes imaginatif, poli, obéissant et propre. Les étudiants mâles avaient tendance à être davantage concernés par les valeurs reliées à la personne, à l'accomplissement et à la compétence; par ailleurs, les étudiantes étaient davantage attirées par la famille, la moralité et par des valeurs de nature plus intrinsèque. Cette étude a également constitué une épreuve expérimentalle de la validité des mesures provenant de l'Echelle des valeurs de Rokeach. Il a été démontré que les valeurs mesurées par l'Echelle de Rokeach étaient significativement corretees avec les valeurs semblables de l'Echelle des valeurs personnelles de Scott, une autre façon de mesurer des valeurs en utilisant des modalités d'évaluation comprenant plusieurs items.