bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and energetic of Bn (n = 2–12) clusters: Electronic structure calculations
Authors: Atiş Murat , Özdoğan Cem , Güvenç Ziya B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe electronic and geometric structures, total and binding energies, first and second energy differences, harmonic frequencies, point symmetries, and highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) gaps of small and neutral Bn (n = 2–12) clusters have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT), B3LYP with 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set. Linear, planar, convex, quasi‐planar, three‐dimensional (3D) cage, and open‐cage structures have been found. None of the lowest energy structures and their isomers has an inner atom; i.e., all the atoms are positioned at the surface. Within this size range, the planar and quasi‐planar (convex) structures have the lowest energies. The first and the second energy differences are used to obtain the most stable sizes. A simple growth path is also discussed with the studied sizes and isomers. The results have been compared with previously available theoretical and experimental works. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Poisson convergence in the restricted k‐partitioning problem
Authors: Bovier Anton , Kurkova Irina 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe randomized k‐number partitioning problem is the task to distribute N i.i.d. random variables into k groups in such a way that the sums of the variables in each group are as similar as possible. The restricted k‐partitioning problem refers to the case where the number of elements in each group is fixed to N/k. In the case k = 2 it has been shown that the properly rescaled differences of the two sums in the close to optimal partitions converge to a Poisson point process, as if they were independent random variables. We generalize this result to the case k > 2 in the restricted problem and show that the vector of differences between the k sums converges to a k ‐ 1‐dimensional Poisson point process. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2007
Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Straßenbrückenbau
Authors: Naumann Joachim 
Published: September 2006

AbstractVor allem aufgrund der großen Aufgaben nach der Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands zum Auf‐ und Ausbau der Verkehrsinfrastruktur in den neuen Bundesländern wurden in den letzten 15 Jahren eine außerordentlich große Zahl von Brücken‐ und Ingenieurbauwerken neu gebaut oder im Rahmen der Verbreiterung von Autobahnen erneuert. Von den beteiligten Ingenieuren wurde dies sehr schnell als Chance begriffen, neben bewährten Bauweisen auch neue technische Entwicklungen anzustoßen und innovative Lösungen zu verwirklichen. Dies betrifft sowohl den Beton‐ und Spannbetonbrückenbau wie auch in besonderem Maße den Stahlverbundbrückenbau. Viele gute Beispiele des aktuellen Brückenbaus konnten vor allem auf den Autobahnen A71/A73 durch den Thüringer Wald und auf der A4 bei Dresden realisiert werden. Mit der gleichzeitigen Umstellung des nationalen Regelwerkes auf die moderneren europäischen Regelungen der Eurocodes befindet sich damit der deutsche Brückenbau auch im internationalen Vergleich weiterhin auf einem erfreulich hohen Niveau.
Dauerhaftigkeit der Verschlüsse von Schleusen und Wehranlagen
Authors: Meinhold Wilfried 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAls Spezialtragwerke haben Stahlwasserbauten einen hohen Stellenwert für die Funktionsfähigkeit und Tragsicherheit einer wasserbaulichen Anlage. Sie unterliegen zudem speziellen Anforderungen und Einsatzbedingungen, weshalb an ihre Dauerhaftigkeit hohe Anforderungen gestellt werden. Infolge des Immersionsmediums “Wasser” sind die beweglichen Verschlußkörper von Schleusen und Wehren in besonderem Maße der Korrosionsgefahr ausgesetzt. Andererseits werden Schleusentore zusätzlich ermüdungsrelevant beansprucht. Bei Wehrverschlüssen dominieren korrosive, abrasive bzw. hydrodynamische Einwirkungen. Es wird ein Überblick gegeben, mit welchen Methoden und Möglichkeiten unter diesen Voraussetzungen eine angemessene Dauerhaftigkeit im vorgesehenen Nutzungszeitraum erreicht werden kann, welche Bedeutung dabei eine planmäßige Bauwerksinstandhaltung hat und wie bei Verschlußsystemen mit innovativen Konstruktionsformen eine ermüdungsgerechte, instandhaltungsfreundliche und dauerhafte Konstruktionsweise erreicht werden kann.
Die Messehallen der Neuen Landesmesse Stuttgart
Authors: Kiehn Diethard , Santina Ilker , Heiland Uwe 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDie aktuell größte Baustelle des Stahlbaus Deutschlands befindet sich seit dem Jahr 2005 in Südwestdeutschland auf dem Gelände der “Neuen Landesmesse” Stuttgart. Dort wurden durch die Krupp Stahlbau Hannover GmbH sieben Messehallen errichtet, bei denen 10000 t Stahlkonstruktion mit ca. 100000 m2 Anstrichfläche ausgeführt wurden. Etwa 8000 vorgefertigte Baugruppen und ca. 600 Stahlseile mit einer Gesamtlänge von über 4 km wurden montiert. Die “Neue Landesmesse” Stuttgart wird im Jahr 2007 eröffnet werden.
Das “Blaue Wunder” – Entwicklung neuer Methoden in der Tragwerksbeurteilung
Authors: Geißler Karsten , Koettnitz Reinhard 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDie Elbebrücke “Blaues Wunder” wurde 1893 erbaut und stellt seit vielen Jahren ein Wahrzeichen der Stadt Dresden dar. Im folgenden Beitrag werden nach einem Überblick zum System der Brücke insbesondere die Fragen der Nachrechnung, Restnutzungsdauerermittlung und weiteren sicheren Nutzung des Bauwerks zusammenfassend dargestellt.
Detektion und Lokalisierung von strukturellen Schäden mit Hilfe von geführten Wellen
Authors: Peil Udo , Loppe Stefan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDas im folgenden vorgestellte Verfahren dient der automatisierten, großflächigen Überwachung stählerner Konstruktionen mit Hilfe einer zerstörungsfreien Prüfung. Hierzu werden piezokeramische Elemente in Form von Arrays auf die zu überwachende Struktur appliziert und dann sowohl als Sensoren als auch als Aktuatoren eingesetzt. Mit Hilfe der geeignet angesteuerten Piezoelemente gelingt es, definierte Plattenwellen im Bauteil zu erzeugen. Aufgetretene Schädigungen können durch das veränderte Antwortverhalten der Struktur detektiert werden. Neben anderen Signalverarbeitungsverfahren wird hierbei das Prinzip des sog. Beamformings auf der Sensorseite eingesetzt. Anhand des Beispiels einer 6 mm dicken Stahlplatte wird die Sensitivität der Schadensdetektion demonstriert.
Increase of inductance ratio of flat type fault current limiter with high‐Tc superconducting disk
Authors: Matsumura Toshiro , Mutsuura Keita , Yokomizu Yasunobu , Shimizu Hirotaka , Shibuya Masatoyo , Nitta Tanzo , Kado Hiroyuki , Ichikawa Michiharu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFault current limiters (FCLs) are expected to reduce fault current and improve stability of power systems. A flat type fault current limiter consisting of the pancake primary winding and a high‐Tc superconducting (HTS) disk was proposed as a modified version of a conventional magnetic shield type of the FCL with the superconducting cylinder. The flat type FCL has the advantage of being manufactured smaller than the cylinder type FCL. It is pointed out, from a magnetic field analysis, that the volume of the flat type FCL is smaller than that of the cylinder type FCL with same magnitude of the limiting inductance. Further, the magnetic field analysis suggests that a high inductance ratio can be realized by radially enlarging both the primary winding and the HTS disk, stacking the FCL modules in layers and sandwiching the primary winding with superconducting disks. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Forage yield and economic viability of grass (Chloris gayana) and legume (Trifolium prantese) mixtures under variable seed rates in the eastern highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Tamir Berhan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMixtures of grass (Chloris gayana) and legume (Trifolium prantese) at seed rates of 50 : 50% produced significantly (p < 0.05) more forage dry matter and were biologically and economically more competitive and viable than 25 : 75%, 75 : 25% or the sole stand. The 50 : 50% mixture had the highest land equivalent ratio and the best monetary advantage (US$180) and net return (US$106) per hectare. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effects of supplementing different levels of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) to grass hay on nutrient intake and digestibility by lambs
Authors: Bochelie Debelie , Tamir Berhan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSupplementation of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) to native grass hay at the levels of 30–40% DM improved the intakes of organic matter and crude protein, and increased the apparent digestibility of the feed by lambs. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Outage probability analysis of antenna array using maximum ratio combining in spherically invariant fading environment
Authors: Sriv Tharith , Chayawan Chirasil , Kumwilaisak Wuttipong 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper, the outage probability of maximum ratio combining (MRC) in the spherically invariant fading environment was analyzed. The study was done with and without consideration of the effect of noise. First, the probability density functions (pdf) of signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and signal‐to‐interference ratio (SIR) were derived. In our derivation, the characteristic pdfs of spherically invariant random process (SIRP) corresponding to the interferences were assumed to be both different and identical. Moreover, both equal and different mean powers of interferences were considered. With the derived pdfs of SINR and SIR, the expressions of outage probability were computed. Numerical analysis was done using three numerical methods known as Gauss–Laguerre, Gauss–Hermite, and Gauss–Legendre integrations. It should be noted that SIRP, the generalization of Gaussian random process, is assumed to have K‐distribution, which is the generalization of Rayleigh. Our analysis was verified by comparing the outage probabilities of the considered environments with those of Rayleigh fading channel. From the numerical results, the derived outage probability converges to that of Rayleigh fading, when the shape parameter of characteristic pdf approaches infinity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of Vocal Paralysis: A Comparison of Adult and Pediatric Practices
Authors: Ishman Stacey L. , Halum Stacey L. , Patel Nalin J. , Kerschner Joseph E. , Merati Albert L. 
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVETo compare practices of the American Broncho‐Esophagological Association (ABEA) membership regarding the evaluation and management of unilateral vocal fold motion impairment (UVFMI) in adult versus pediatric populations.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGAn 18‐item adult survey and 16‐item pediatric survey were administered to ABEA members.RESULTSSeventy‐six adult (31%) and 35 pediatric surveys (43%) were completed. Key differences are highlighted. With respect to etiology, the most common reported childhood cause is idiopathic; adults more often suffer iatrogenic paralysis. Children more commonly experience reflux disease, feeding difficulties, and choking. Preferred testing involves flexible laryngoscopy and chest x‐ray; however, laboratory tests are carried out less often in children (51% vs 71%) and medical intervention is advocated by fewer pediatric practitioners (39% vs 57%).CONCLUSIONSignificant disparities exist in the etiology, presenting symptoms, diagnostic testing, and medical treatment between children and adults with UVFMI.SIGNIFICANCEClinicians' perceptions regarding UVFMI may reflect the differing impact of vocal paralysis in the pediatric versus adult populations.
Histologic Effects of Injection Snoreplasty and Radiofrequency in the Rat Soft Palate
Authors: Poyrazoğlu Ethem , Doğru Salim , Saat Bülent , Güngör Atila , Çekin Engin , Cincik Hakan 
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVEThis study was undertaken to compare the effects of radiofrequency and injection snoreplasty on the histological structure of the soft palate in an animal model.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGThis is a blinded, controlled histologic evaluation of rat soft palates that underwent separate palatal interventions. Fifty rats were divided into 5 groups of 10 rats (Group 1 = injection snoreplasty [IS], Group 2 = IS + steroid, Group 3 = saline injection, Group 4 = radiofrequency ablation [RFA], and Group 5 = no intervention). The animals were sacrificed after 24 hours, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks. Then the soft palates were subjected to histological analysis.RESULTSHistological analysis demonstrated normal remucosalization in all specimens, with fibrosis increased in Group 1. Interstitial edema was minimal in Group 2. Keratinization was most apparent in Group 4.CONCLUSIONRadiofrequency and injection snoreplasty stiffen the rat soft palate compared with controls.
The origami of thioredoxin‐like folds
Authors: Pan Jonathan L. , Bardwell James C.A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOrigami is the Japanese art of folding a piece of paper into complex shapes and forms. Much like origami of paper, Nature has used conserved protein folds to engineer proteins for a particular task. An example of a protein family, which has been used by Nature numerous times, is the thioredoxin superfamily. Proteins in the thioredoxin superfamily are all structured with a β‐sheet core surrounded with α‐helices, and most contain a canonical CXXC motif. The remarkable feature of these proteins is that the link between them is the fold; however, their reactivity is different for each member due to small variations in this general fold as well as their active site. This review attempts to unravel the minute differences within this protein family, and it also demonstrates the ingenuity of Nature to use a conserved fold to generate a diverse collection of proteins to perform a number of different biochemical tasks.
The MRG domain of human MRG15 uses a shallow hydrophobic pocket to interact with the N‐terminal region of PAM14
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhao Jingyue , Wang Bing , Du Jiamu , Lu Yongcheng , Chen Jiangye , Ding Jianping 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMRG15 is a transcription factor expressed in a variety of human tissues, and its orthologs have been found in many other eukaryotes which constitute the MRG protein family. It plays a vital role in embryonic development and cell proliferation, and is involved in cellular senescence. The C‐terminal part of MRG15 forms a conserved MRG domain which is involved in interactions with the tumor suppressor protein retinoblastoma and a nucleoprotein PAM14 during transcriptional regulation. We report here the characterization of the interaction between the MRG domain of human MRG15 and PAM14 using both yeast two‐hybrid and in vitro binding assays based on the crystal structure of the MRG domain. The MRG domain is predominantly hydrophobic, and consists of mainly α‐helices that are arranged in a three‐layer sandwich topology. The hydrophobic core is stabilized by interactions among a number of conserved hydrophobic residues. The molecular surface is largely hydrophobic, but contains a few hydrophilic patches. Structure‐based site‐directed mutagenesis studies identified key residues involved in the binding of PAM14. Structural and biochemical data together demonstrate that the PAM14 binding site is consisted of residues Ile160, Leu168, Val169, Trp172, Tyr235, Val268, and Arg269 of MRG15, which form a shallow hydrophobic pocket to interact with the N‐terminal 50 residues of PAM14 through primarily hydrophobic interactions. These results provide the molecular basis for the interaction between the MRG domain and PAM14, and reveal insights into the potential biological function of MRG15 in transcription regulation and chromatin remodeling.
Mandibles and molars of the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus (L.): integrated latitudinal pattern and mosaic insular evolution
Authors: Renaud Sabrina , Michaux Johan R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAim  The distinct nature of island populations has traditionally been attributed either to adaptation to particular insular conditions or to random genetic effects. In order to assess the relative importance of these two disparate processes, insular effects were addressed in the European wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758).Location  Wood mice from 33 localities on both mainland and various Atlantic and western Mediterranean islands were considered. This sampling covers only part of the latitudinal range of A. sylvaticus but included the two main genetic clades identified by previous studies. Islands encompass a range of geographical conditions (e.g. small islands fringing the continent through large and isolated ones).Methods  The insular syndrome primarily invokes variations in body size, but ecological factors such as release from competition, niche widening and food availability should also influence other characters related to diet. In the present study, the morphology of the wood mice was quantified based on two characters involved in feeding: the size and shape of the mandibles and first upper molars. The size of the mandible is also a proxy for the body size of the animal. Patterns of morphological differentiation of both features were estimated using two‐dimensional outline analysis based on Fourier methods.Results  Significant differences between mainland and island populations were observed in most cases for both the mandibles and molars. However, molars and mandibles displayed divergent patterns. Mandible shape diverged mostly on islands of intermediate remoteness and competition levels, whereas molars exhibited the greatest shape differentiation on small islands, such as Port‐Cros and Porquerolles. A mosaic pattern was also displayed for size. Body and mandible size increased on Ibiza, but molar size remained similar to mainland populations. Mosaic patterns were, however, not apparent in the mainland populations. Congruent latitudinal variations were evident for the size and shape of both mandibles and molars.Main conclusions  Mosaic evolution appears to characterize insular divergence. The molar seems to be more prone to change with reduced population size on small islands, whereas the mandible could be more sensitive to peculiar environmental conditions on large and remote islands.
Searching for HLA‐DRB1*1206 in volunteer marrow donors in four US population groups
Authors: Lazaro A. M. , Steiner N. K. , Cao K. , Slack R. , Chen D. S. , Xiao Y. , Beduhn E. , Ng J. , Hartzman R. J. , Hurley C. K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe frequencies of DRB1*12 alleles were determined in four US population groups by DNA sequencing. Only DRB1*120101 (or DRB1*1206 or *1210) and DRB1*120201 alleles were identified, the latter primarily in the Asian American population. Additional testing of a subset of samples to detect the presence of DRB1*1206 found all of the alleles to be DRB1*120101 (or DRB1*1210). Retesting of six samples previously typed as DRB1*1206 found only DRB1*120101 (or DRB1*1210).
Application of Paramagnetic Beads for Purifying Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen
Authors: Zarzecka A. , Bartoszcze M. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryParamagnetic beads coated with Protein G and Tosylactivated‐280 dynabeads have been used to purify Bacillus anthracis protective antigen from a liquid culture. The obtained protein was used in the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test to detect B. anthracis protective antigen antibodies in human sera collected from immunized individuals. The purification method using paramagnetic beads is very effective. It is fast, easy and may be carried out practically in any laboratory.
Influence of Climatic and Management Factors on Eimeria Infections in Goats from Semi‐arid Zones
Authors: Ruiz A. , González J. F. , Rodríguez E. , Martín S. , Hernández Y. I. , Almeida R. , Molina J. M. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryA survey of Eimeria infections was performed in dairy goats and kids (<6 months old) of six farms from a dry desert area of Gran Canaria Island (Spain). The number of oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) was determined by a modified McMaster technique over a total of 2616 individual faecal samples taken from the rectum in monthly intervals. Eimeria oocysts were found in 96.1% of the samples with OPG ranging from 1 × 102 to 1.4 × 106. Kid goats had significantly (P < 0.001) higher OPG counts (46 496 ± 5228) than dairy females (2225 ± 287). Eight Eimeria species were identified, with Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae (30.0%), Eimeria arloingi (28.6%) and Eimeria alijevi (20.5%) being the most frequent species followed by Eimeria caprina (9.1%), Eimeria christenseni (4.5%), Eimeria jolchijevi (3.4%), Eimeria caprovina (3.2%) and Eimeria hirci (0.7%). Although significant differences were observed among goat groups and herds, the eight species were present in the six farms in both dairy goats and kids. The intensity of oocysts shedding was related to some factors such as the size of the herd and was further influenced by the prevailing climatic conditions of the area. The highest OPG counts were recorded during the hot season in dairy goats and close to weaning time in kids reared in small farms having no prophylactic treatments against eimeriosis.
Persistence of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Genome in Vaccinated Rabbits after Experimental Infection
Authors: Gall A. , Schirrmeier H. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryRabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is usually a fatal disease in rabbits which has spread rapidly across the continents. While previous studies suggested persistence in rabbits to be an important factor in the epidemiology, the relevance of field virus infection of immune rabbits has not been investigated in experimentally infected animals before. This report describes for the first time the persistence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) genome for at least 15 weeks in rabbits immunized with an inactivated vaccine as well as a subunit vaccine and subsequently challenged with virulent RHDV. The viral RNA loads were determined by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. No conspicuous association of the detectable amount of RHDV RNA with the type of vaccine, the time after infection and – with one exception – the level of RHDV‐specific antibodies in the immunized animals was observed. The results presented in this study are an urgent evidence for the existence of carrier animals as an important factor in the epidemiology of RHD.
Detection and identification of food‐borne pathogens of the genera Campylobacter, Arcobacter and Helicobacter by multiplex PCR in poultry and poultry products
Authors: Neubauer C. , Hess M. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryThe objective of this study was to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect and differentiate food‐borne pathogens of the three genera Campylobacter, Arcobacter and Helicobacter in a single step procedure. One common reverse primer and three genus‐specific forward primers were designed by hybridizing to the 16S rRNA of selected reference strains. Besides the species with significance as food‐borne pathogens isolated from poultry meat –Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Arcobacter butzleri and Helicobacter pullorum– several other members of these genera were tested to determine the specificity of the designed multiplex PCR. In total, 20 ATCC and NCTC reference strains of Campyobacter, Arcobacter and Helicobacter were used to evaluate the PCR. Specific amplificates were obtained from all thermophilic species of Campylobacter as well as from species of Arcobacter and Helicobacter. No amplification product was obtained from the non‐thermophilic Campylobacter, C. hyointestinalis and C. fetus. Furthermore, a total of 43 field strains of the three genera isolated from poultry, pigs, cattle and humans were investigated using this PCR. To confirm the classification of 10 H. pullorum strains the 16S rRNAs were sequenced. The developed PCR is a helpful diagnostic tool to detect and differentiate Campylobacter, Arcobacter and Helicobacter isolated from poultry and poultry products.