bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal properties and morphology of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/maleic anhydride grafted linear low‐density polyethylene blends
Authors: Zhang Hongsheng , Zhang Yue , Guo Weihong , Xu Dongdong , Wu Chifei 
Published: June 2008

AbstractProperties of recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate) were greatly improved. Recycled PET was blended with LLDPE‐g‐MA by low‐temperature solid‐state extrusion. Mechanical properties of the blends were affected obviously by the added LLDPE‐g‐MA. Elongation at break reaches 352.8% when the blend contains 10 wt % LLDPE‐g‐MA. Crystallization behavior of PET phase was affected by LLDPE‐g‐MA content. Crystallinity of PET decreased with the increase of LLDPE‐g‐MA content. FTIR testified that maleic anhydride group in LLDPE‐g‐MA reacted with the end hydroxyl groups of PET and PET‐co‐LLDPE‐g‐MA copolymers were in situ synthesized. SEM micrographs display that LLDPE‐g‐MA phase and PET phase are incompatible and the compatibility of the blends can be improved by the forming of PET‐co‐LLDPE‐g‐MA copolymer. LLDPE‐g‐MA content was less, the LLDPE‐g‐MA phase dispersed in PET matrix fine. With the increase of LLDPE‐g‐MA content, the morphology of dispersed LLDPE‐g‐MA phase changed from spherule to cigar bar, then to irregular spherule. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Energiespeicherbeton – ein Beton mit integriertem Latentwärmespeichermaterial
Authors: Dieckmann Jens Holger , Heinrich Hermann 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn Zeiten der vermehrten Nutzung regenerativer Energien wächst die Bedeutung von Gebäudekomponenten mit hoher Wärmespeicherfähigkeit. Ein Schwerpunkt zukünftiger Forschungen in der Bauphysik und der Technischen Gebäudeausrüstung wird auf der Entwicklung von Energiespeichereinheiten liegen. Ein besonders interessantes Forschungsgebiet ist die latente Wärmespeicherung. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt die Entwicklung eines Betons mit integriertem Latentwärmespeichermaterial (PCM) im Rahmen einer Dissertation. Der neu entwickelte Beton besitzt deutlich verbesserte thermische Eigenschaften. Beispielsweise konnte die Wärmespeicherfähigkeit in einem Temperaturintervall von 10 K um den Schmelzpunkt des PCM weit mehr als verdoppelt werden. Der Schmelzpunkt des PCM liegt je nach Anwendung zwischen ca.22 °C und 35 °C. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten eines so vielfältig einsetzbaren Materials wie Beton sind sehr unterschiedlich. Grundsätzlich besteht die Möglichkeit, den “Latentwärmespeicherbeton” zur Unterstützung der Gebäudebeheizung, erweiterter passiver Solarenergienutzung oder zum Schutz vor sommerlicher Überhitzung zu verwenden.
Flankenübertragung bei Massivholzkonstruktionen – Teil 1: Verbesserung der Flankendämmung durch Einbau elastischer Zwischenschichten und Verifizierung der Anwendbarkeit von EN 12354
Authors: Dolezal Franz , Bednar Thomas , Teibinger Martin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDa für mehrgeschossige Wohngebäude verstärkt Holzkonstruktionen eingesetzt werden, steigt hierfür auch der Bedarf nach gesicherten schalltechnischen Prognosen. Die Berechnung erfolgt nach EN 12354, worin jedoch keine Eingangsdaten für Massivholzkonstruktionen zu finden sind. Anhand von Schall‐ und Schwingungsmessungen an Massivholz‐Prüfständen werden die Flankenübertragung und die erforderlichen Eingangsdaten für die normgemäße Berechnung ermittelt. Für verschiedene elastische Zwischenschichten wird unter anderem der Norm‐Trittschallpegel errechnet und mit der Messung verglichen. Dabei zeigen die bewerteten Einzahlangaben zufriedenstellende Übereinstimmung mit Abweichungen von 0 bis 2 dB. Betrachtet man jedoch den Frequenzverlauf der Pegel, so sind in einigen Terzbändern größere Differenzen zwischen Messung und Berechnung erkennbar, die eine genauere Untersuchung beziehungsweise Modellierung erfordern.
Kriterien des nachhaltigen Bauens: Bewertung des thermischen Raumklimas – ein Diskussionsbeitrag
Authors: Hellwig Runa Tabea , Steiger Simone , Hauser Gerd , Holm Andreas , Sedlbauer Klaus 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDie Bundesregierung hat den Leitfaden “Nachhaltiges Bauen” für Bundesbauten [5] herausgegeben. Der Leitfaden enthält Grundsätze für das Planen, Bauen und Nutzen von Bundesliegenschaften. Der Leitfaden ermöglicht eine Bewertung von ökonomischen und ökologischen, aber auch soziokulturellen Faktoren. Das Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung plant nun den Leitfaden fortzuschreiben.Mit vorliegender Publikation sollen Kriterien zur Bewertung des Raumklimas mit dem Schwerpunkt thermische Behaglichkeit der Nutzer aufgezeigt werden. Hierzu wird der bekannte Stand des Wissens (Literatur, Normen, Richtlinien) herangezogen und bezüglich der Eignung als Kriterium im Rahmen des Leitfadens beurteilt. Dabei wird berücksichtigt, dass der Leitfaden eine Arbeitshilfe für die Planung, die Errichtung, die Bauunterhaltung, den Betrieb und die Nutzung darstellen soll. Daher ist zu beachten, dass es Gebäude unterschiedlicher Nutzung (Wohnungsbau/ Nichtwohnungsbau) sowie neu zu errichtende und bestehende Gebäude gibt.Bisher gibt es Regelwerke mit unterschiedlichen Ansätzen zur Planung der thermischen Behaglichkeit. Für einige Kriterien gibt es keine vereinfachten Berechnungsmodelle, teilweise werden für gleiche Kriterien verschiedene Berechnungsmethoden vorgeschrieben. Die Harmonisierung der Regelwerke ist notwendig. Es bedarf weiterer Forschung zur Entwicklung von Bemessungsregeln für die wichtigsten Einflussfaktoren auf die thermische Behaglichkeit und die Zufriedenheit von Gebäudenutzern.
Energieausweis nach DIN V 18599 und mittels Gebäudesimulation – ein Projektbericht
Authors: Zerwas Martin , Krause Hans‐Jürgen , Zens Michael , Frey Tobias 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMit der verbindlichen Einführung der EnEV 2007 zum 01. 10. 2007 wurde die Berechnung des Wärmeschutznachweises bei Nichtwohngebäuden vollständig umgestellt. Konnten z. B. Bürogebäude oder beheizte Hallen bislang nach DIN 4701‐10 relativ einfach berechnet werden, so sind nun aufwändige Berechnungen nach DIN V 18599 anzustellen. Gleichzeitig entwickelt sich der Wärmeschutznachweis – beginnend in den 70er Jahren – vom “passiven” Rechennachweis immer stärker zu einem “aktiven” und gewichtigen Planungspart im Entstehungsprozess eines Projektes. Dies ist richtig und auch erforderlich, will man ein energieoptimiertes Gebäudekonzept aufstellen. An Hand eines Projektes wurden die Praxistauglichkeit und der Nutzen für den Bauherren einer Berechnung nach DIN V 18599 mit einer thermischen Gebäudesimulation verglichen. Dabei ergaben sich Fragen der Umsetzung, die in dem Aufsatz behandelt werden. Die EnEV 2007 stellt sicherlich einen weiteren Meilenstein dar, da die Konsequenzen sowohl für den Planungsprozess als auch für den Gebäudeentwurf weitreichend sind. Weitere Fragen wurden aufgeworfen und sind in Zukunft zu beantworten.
Eigenschaften alter Eisen und Stähle und ihre adäquate Materialprüfung und Bewertung
Authors: Brandes Klaus 
Published: June 2008

AbstractStählerne Tragwerke aus der Zeit seit etwa 1840 sind in Deutschland noch in großer Zahl vorhanden, ebenso wie auch in vielen anderen Ländern. Sie versehen weiterhin ihren Dienst, nachdem sie sich bereits über viele Jahrzehnte, ja einige über Jahrhunderte bewährt haben. Sie durch neue Tragwerke zu ersetzen, dazu besteht in aller Regel kein Grund. Einzig der oft unzureichende Kenntnisstand der heutigen Ingenieure hinsichtlich der alten bewährten Konstruktionen ist oft, wenn auch nicht immer, Grund genug, sie zu ersetzen. Das ist sowohl aus ökonomischen als auch aus ökologischen Gesichtspunkten nicht sinnvoll.Ein Teil des angesprochenen unzureichenden Kenntnisstandes betrifft die Eigenheiten des Eisens bzw. Stahls aus dieser Frühzeit des Konstruktiven Ingenieurbaus. Auch wenn inzwischen weitgehend Einigkeit darüber erreicht ist, dass das alte Material an und für sich nicht Anlass zu Besorgnis geben muss, entstehen doch immer wieder Unsicherheiten über den alten Stahl und auch über eine angemessene Materialprüfung.Nach vielen Jahren der Beschäftigung mit dem angesprochenen Thema in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Kollegen aus kompetenten Instituten soll der erreichte Kenntnisstand hier kritisch dargestellt werden.
Addressing Association Entropy by Reconstructing Guanidinium Anchor Groups for Anion Binding: Design, Synthesis, and Host–Guest Binding Studies in Polar and Protic Solutions
Authors: Jadhav Vinod D. , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Schmidtchen Franz P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe bicyclic hexahydropyrimidino[1,2a]pyrimidine cationic scaffold has a well‐known capacity to bind a variety of oxoanions (phosphates, carboxylates, squarates, phosphinates). Based on this feature, the parent host was supplemented with sec‐carboxamido substituents to generate compounds 1–3 in an effort to improve the anion‐binding affinity and selectivity and to learn about the role and magnitude of entropic factors. Bicyclic guanidinium compounds were prepared by a convergent strategy via the corresponding tetraester 22 followed by catalytic amidation. Host–guest binding studies with isothermal titration calorimetry in acetonitrile probed the behavior of artificial hosts 1–3 in comparison with the tetraallylguanidinium compound 4 on binding p‐nitrobenzoate, dihydrogenphosphate, and 2,2′‐bisphenolcyclophosphate guests that showed enhanced affinities in the 105–106 M−1 range. Contrary to expectation, better binding emerges from more positive association entropies rather than from stronger enthalpic interactions (hydrogen bonding). In an NMR spectroscopy titration in DMSO, o‐phthalate was sufficiently basic to abstract a proton from the guanidinium function, as confirmed by an X‐ray crystal structure of the product. The novel carboxamide‐appended anchor groups also bind carboxylates and phosphates, but not hydrogen sulfate in methanol with affinities in excess of 104 M−1. The energetic signature of the complexation in methanol is inverted with respect to acetonitrile solvent and shows a pattern of general ion pairing with strong positive entropies overcompensating endothermic binding enthalpies. This study provides an example of the fact that bona fide decoration of a parent guanidinium anchor function with an additional binding functionality may provide the desired enhancement of the host–guest affinity, yet for a different reason than that implemented by design as guided by standard molecular modeling.
Selective CC Coupling of Ir–Ethene and Ir–Carbenoid Radicals
Authors: Dzik Wojciech I. , Reek Joost N. H. , de Bruin Bas 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe reactivity of the paramagnetic iridium(II) complex [IrII(ethene)(Me3tpa)]2+ (1) (Me3tpa=N,N,N‐tris(6‐methyl‐2‐pyridylmethyl) amine) towards the diazo compounds ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) and trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSDM) was investigated. The reaction with EDA gave rise to selective CC bond formation, most likely through radical coupling of the Ir–carbenoid radical species [IrIII{CH.(COOEt)}(MeCN)(Me3tpa)]2+ (7) and (the MeCN adduct of) 1, to give the tetracationic dinuclear complex [(MeCN)(Me3tpa)IrIII{CH(COOEt)CH2CH2}IrIII(MeCN)(Me3tpa)]2+ (4). The analogous reaction with TMSDM leads to the mononuclear dicationic species [IrIII{CH2(SiMe3)}(MeCN)(Me3tpa)]2+ (11). This reaction probably involves a hydrogen‐atom abstraction from TMSDM by the intermediate Ir–carbenoid radical species [IrIII{CH.(SiMe3)}(MeCN)(Me3tpa)]2+ (10). DFT calculations support pathways proceeding via these Ir–carbenoid radicals. The carbenoid–radical species are actually carbon‐centered ligand radicals, with an electronic structure best described as one‐electron‐reduced Fischer‐type carbenes. To our knowledge, this paper represents the first reactivity study of a mononuclear IrII species towards diazo compounds.
Bronchogenic carcinoma and secondary aspergillosis—Common yet unexplored
Authors: Shahid Mohammed , Malik Abida , Bhargava Rakesh 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.More cases of bronchogenic carcinoma have been reported in recent years, and these patients are more prone to secondary aspergillosis. However, the frequency of secondary aspergillosis in bronchogenic carcinoma still has not been defined clearly in the literature.METHODS.The current study population was comprised of 69 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and 16 healthy controls. Histopathologic examination was done to identify carcinoma cell types and to categorize aspergillosis types. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were collected for direct fungal examination, culture, Aspergillus polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and galactomannan (GM) detection using a 1‐stage immunoenzymatic sandwich microplate assay; and blood samples were collected for fungal serology by double immunodiffusion (DID), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and dot blot assay (DBA). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were analyzed for various nonvalidated tests. Twenty‐five patients had follow‐up data available for an analysis of clinical and diagnostic outcomes.RESULTS.The cohort included patients with squamous cell carcinoma (n = 47), adenocarcinoma (n = 16), small cell carcinoma (n = 3), large cell carcinoma (n = 2), and undiagnosed type (n = 1), and patients were categorized with definite invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) (n = 6), probable IPA (n = 17), possible IPA (n = 13), and non‐IPA (n = 33). Most patients were in the group ages 45 years to <60 years, and there was a preponderance of men (10.5:1). Cultures from 20 of 69 patients (29%) revealed the growth of Aspergillus species. Anti‐Aspergillus antibodies were detected in 26 of 69 patients (37.7%) each by DID and DBA, whereas antibodies were detected in 28 of 69 patients (40.6%) by ELISA. GM was detected in BAL fluids from 25 of 69 patients (36.2%), whereas Aspergillus DNA was detected in 32 of 69 patients (46.4%) by PCR. The sensitivity of PCR and serologic tests (ELISA, DID, and DBA) was 100% for definite IPA, whereas the sensitivity of PCR was comparatively higher than that of serologic tests for probable IPA, possible IPA, and non‐IPA.CONCLUSIONS.The current study indicated that there frequently is an association between bronchogenic carcinoma and secondary aspergillosis, and definite IPA and probable IPA are common clinical problems in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Down syndrome
Authors: Arico Maurizio , Ziino Ottavio , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Cazzaniga Giovanni , Baronci Carlo , Messina Chiara , Pession Andrea , Santoro Nicola , Basso Giuseppe , Conter Valentino 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The presenting features and treatment outcome of 120 patients with Down syndrome (DS) and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were compared with 6237 non‐DS patients treated in the same years.METHODS.We reviewed the database of 6 consecutive Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (AIEOP)‐ALL trials conducted between 1982 and 2004. Features of DS patients were compared with those of non‐DS patients.RESULTS.The 120 DS patients (1.9%) were more often girls (P = .027), aged ≥10 years (P = .014), and high risk according to National Cancer Institute (NCI) criteria (P = .045). The distribution of white blood cell count did not differ (P = .32). DS patients belonged less frequently to the current high‐risk group (P = .017). In all but 1 case they demonstrated B‐cell precursor (BCP) immunophenotype (P≤.001). TEL/AML1 molecular fusion transcript was found in only 1 of 44 (2.2%) tested patients. Induction death occurred more often in DS patients (4.2%, P = .009), but not failure to achieve remission. Leukemia relapse occurred in 31.6% of DS patients (vs 23.5%; P = .003), usually in the marrow. Remission death was more frequent in DS patients (4.2%, P = .03). Ten‐year event‐free survival and survival were significantly worse compared with non‐DS patients (P < 0.001). DS patients diagnosed since 1995 had a better outcome (P = .06) than those diagnosed in previous years, but still had worse outcomes than non‐DS patients (P = .04). Event‐free survival of DS patients at NCI standard risk was lower than that of non‐DS patients (P = .006).CONCLUSIONS.Presenting features of childhood ALL in DS differ from those in non‐DS patients. They are almost invariably characterized by BCP phenotype, and are often TEL/AML1 negative. Treatment results, although not as good as for non‐DS patients, improved progressively, with modern therapy and support allowing 75% to survive. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Particle tracking in unstructured, arbitrary polyhedral meshes for use in CFD and molecular dynamics
Authors: Macpherson Graham B. , Nordin Niklas , Weller Henry G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMany classes of engineering fluid dynamics simulation require the tracking of discrete elements, for example, dispersed particles in a solvent, a spray of diesel injected into an internal combustion engine, or the dynamics of granular materials. Realistic simulations often require complex, 3D geometries, generated from CAD models and meshed with unstructured polyhedra, which may be deforming, in motion or spatially decomposed for parallel computation. We present an algorithm to track the motion of particles in such geometries which is designed to be computationally efficient and robust in imperfect 3D meshes where small holes or overlaps are present. It has been applied to a wide range of engineering problems ranging from injected fuel sprays in internal combustion engines to molecular dynamics modelling of nanoscale flows. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal stress recovery points for higher‐order bar elements by Prathap's best‐fit method
Authors: Rajendran S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBarlow was the first to propose a method to predict optimal stress recovery points in finite elements (FEs). Prathap proposed an alternative method that is based on the variational principle. The optimal points predicted by Prathap, called Prathap points in this paper, have been reported in the literature for linear, quadratic and cubic elements. Prathap points turn out to be the same as Barlow points for linear and quadratic bar elements but different for cubic bar element. Nevertheless, for all the three elements, Prathap points coincide with the reduced Gaussian integration points. In this paper, an alternative implementation of Prathap's best‐fit method is used to compute Prathap points for higher‐order (viz., 4–10th order) bar elements. The effectiveness of Prathap points as points of accurate stress recovery is verified by actual FE analysis for typical bar problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discontinuous Galerkin method for elliptic interface problems with application to electroporation
Authors: Guyomarc'h Grégory , Lee Chang‐Ock , Jeon Kiwan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe solve elliptic interface problems using a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method, for which discontinuities in the solution and in its normal derivatives are prescribed on an interface inside the domain. Standard ways to solve interface problems with finite element methods consist in enforcing the prescribed discontinuity of the solution in the finite element space. Here, we show that the DG method provides a natural framework to enforce both discontinuities weakly in the DG formulation, provided the triangulation of the domain is fitted to the interface. The resulting discretization leads to a symmetric system that can be efficiently solved with standard algorithms. The method is shown to be optimally convergent in the L2‐norm. We apply our method to the numerical study of electroporation, a widely used medical technique with applications to gene therapy and cancer treatment. Mathematical models of electroporation involve elliptic problems with dynamic interface conditions. We discretize such problems into a sequence of elliptic interface problems that can be solved by our method. We obtain numerical results that agree with known exact solutions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards an integrated GIS‐based coastal forecast workflow
Authors: Allen Gabrielle , Bogden Philip , Creager Gerry , Dekate Chirag , Jesch Carola , Kaiser Hartmut , McLaren Jon , Perrie Will , Stone Gregory W. , Zhang Xiongping 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe SURA Coastal Ocean Observing and Prediction (SCOOP) program is using geographical information system (GIS) technologies to visualize and integrate distributed data sources from across the United States and Canada. Hydrodynamic models are run at different sites on a developing multi‐institutional computational Grid. Some of these predictive simulations of storm surge and wind waves are triggered by tropical and subtropical cyclones in the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. Model predictions and observational data need to be merged and visualized in a geospatial context for a variety of analyses and applications. A data archive at LSU aggregates the model outputs from multiple sources, and a data‐driven workflow triggers remotely performed conversion of a subset of model predictions to georeferenced data sets, which are then delivered to a Web Map Service located at Texas A&M University. Other nodes in the distributed system aggregate the observational data. This paper describes the use of GIS within the SCOOP program for the 2005 hurricane season, along with details of the data‐driven distributed dataflow and workflow, which results in geospatial products. We also focus on future plans related to the complimentary use of GIS and Grid technologies in the SCOOP program, through which we hope to provide a wider range of tools that can enhance the tools and capabilities of earth science research and hazard planning. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward exploitation of cell multi‐processor array in time‐consuming applications by using CNN model
Authors: Nagy Zoltán , Kék László , Kincses Zoltán , Kiss András , Szolgay Péter 
Published: June 2008

AbstractArray computers can be useful in the solution of numerical spatio‐temporal problems such as the state equation of the CNN or partial differential equations (PDE). IBM has recently introduced the cell broadband engine (cell BE) architecture, which contains eight identical vector processors in an array structure. In this paper the implementation of CNN simulation kernel on the cell BE is described. The simulation kernel is optimized according to the special requirements of the cell BE and can implement linear as well as nonlinear (piecewise linear) templates. In addition, the 2‐D Princeton ocean model is implemented on the cell BE. The area/speed/power tradeoffs of our solution and different hardware implementations are also compared. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of the corneal stroma, and the collagen–proteoglycan associations that help define its structure and function
Authors: Quantock Andrew J. , Young Robert D. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe cornea of the eye is a unique, transparent connective tissue. It is comprised predominantly of collagen fibrils, remarkably uniform in diameter and regularly spaced, organized into an intricate lamellar array. Its establishment involves a precisely controlled sequence of developmental events in which the embryonic cornea undergoes major structural transformations that ultimately determine tissue form and function. In this article, we will review corneal developmental dynamics from a structural perspective, consider the roles and interrelationships of collagens and proteoglycans, and comment on contemporary concepts and current challenges pertinent to developmental processes that result in an optically clear, mature cornea. Developmental Dynamics 237:2607–2621, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.