bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband ISDN — service visions and technological realities
Authors: Spears Dan R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo forces, service needs and technological advances, are driving the extension of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) into the broadband area. First, this paper identifies several business and residential services which provide a market pull for broadband ISDN (BISDN). Secondly, it reviews recent advances in optical transmission and broadband switching which provide a technological push. Finally, it describes an experimental broadband prototype constructed to help us better understand the transmission, switching, signaling protocol, software, and service capabilities required for BISDN.
Home automation: A view from a marketer
Authors: Parks Patricia H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHome automation is a new, exciting industry that will change many of our products and habits in the 21st century. It is also complex, and there are many more questions today than answers. This article addresses the basic questions ‘What is home automation?’, ‘Who cares?’ and ‘What basic issues require resolution to foster this industry's growth?’
Video coding in bisdn with a distribution rate of approximately 135 mb/s
Authors: Rzeszewski T. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVideo coding for Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (BISDN) is analysed, and coding techniques that use sub‐Nyquist sampling are proposed. Specifically, recommendations are given for digital video coding for EQTV distribution in the area of BISDN at a payload rate of approximately 135 Mb/s. The contribution signal that is used in video production will either be the CCIR Recommendation 601 signal or a minor modification of it to maximize horizontal resolution. Also, the scanning parameters will be the same as NTSC so that the same monitor can be used to display either EQTV or NTSC TV.A compatible vertical improvement can be added initially, or in the future, that will provide additional vertical resolution beyond the capability of the present NTSC TV, or the capabilities of Recommendation 601. Finally, several coding techniques for video distribution are configured to maximize horizontal resolution given the above constraints. Two of these video coding techniques allow extra bandwidth by using sub‐Nyquist sampling techniques together with comb filtering. This EQTV system will produce a horizontal resolution that is close to values normally used for HDTV.
1‐persistent DUAL channel local area network for integrated voice and data application
Authors: Vaman Dhadesugoor R. , Wu Chin Tu , Lu Kal 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt is a well‐known fact that the carrier sense multiple access with collission detection (CSMA/CD) protocol would suffer from throughput degradations and long packet delays at heavy loads due to excessive collisions and retransmissions, and thus is not suitable for voice/data integration. Recently, a new protocol called carrier sense multiple access with time‐split collision detection and split channel reservation (CSMA‐TCD‐SCR) has been proposed1 to improve the channel throughput of CSMA/CD protocol by splitting the common channel into dual channels, i.e. one for data transfer and the other for reservation. It has been shown that the CSMA‐TCD‐SCR protocol improves the channel throughput and stability performance significantly.1 In this paper, we propose a 1‐persistent dual‐channel LAN (1P‐DC‐LAN) protocol with the tree algorithm for reservation, which is an extension of the CSMA‐TCD‐SCR protocol, for voice/data integration applications. Through approximate analytical modelling and computer simulations, it has been demonstrated that the 1P‐DC‐LAN protocol exhibits nearperfect scheduling throughputs for data transmission and highly bounded voice packet delays. In addition, the results were compared with IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD and twin‐channel CSMA/CD.
Cost analysis for switched star broadband access
Authors: Lu K. W. , Wolff R. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a first cost analysis of a broadband local access system based on the switched star architecture. The per‐subscriber cost, including all network components from the customer premises interface to the central office switch termination, is established. Both near‐term and long‐range per‐subscriber costs based on technology trend forecasts are obtained and serve as a bench‐mark. These results are used for comparisons of the relative costs of offering different broadband access capabilities. The analysis identifies the most important elements in the per‐subscriber cost and explores trade‐offs and possibilities for cost reduction.
Passive optical networks for local telephony and cable TV provision
Authors: Faulkner D. W. , Ballance J. W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecent proposals have been made for a passive optical local access network (PON) for telephony and cable TV applications. These are leading to the design of new telecommunications customer access equipment whose functional requirements are discussed, together with details of the system demonstrators at BTRL. Possible sccenarios for network deployment are presented.
Technical concepts in broadband ATM
Authors: Beau Olivier , Paul Jean‐Lin , Penet Xavier 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) approach to connecting subscribers to the broadband packet network, is expected to bring an appropriate solution for a future public network. The prerequisites of the broadband network, the characteristics of the ATM technique as well as possible ATM network equipment are described here. Envisaged solutions to the basic problems being posed are discussed.
ATM: A contribution to the debate on broadband ISDN
Authors: Coudreuse Jean‐Pierre 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe definition of broadband ISDN recently became a major topic of research and predevelopments. Fast packet technologies are widely recognized as the basis for BISDN. Even if international consensus has appeared far more quickly than could have been expected a few years ago, a lot of issues remain open. This paper is a contribution to discussions on some important topics relating to the definition of asynchronous transfer mode.
Considerations on ATM switching techniques
Authors: Lutz K. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA comparison of various ATM switching matrix principles using an input buffer, output buffer or central buffer bearing in mind system aspects, traffic aspects and technological aspects comes out clearly in favour of the last‐named. When larger switching networks are set up, consisting of 16/16 or 32/32 switching elements, the compromise proposal arrived at if various assessment criteria are used indicates a preference for two‐stage folded networks made up of interconnections of 16/16, 32/32 or 64/64 modules, depending on the desired maximum capacity. Three‐stage folded networks are only advantageous for switching networks with over 2000 access lines.
Videotex and interactive services on tree‐and‐branch cable TV networks
Authors: Roberts S. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInteractive services on tree‐and‐branch cable TV systems in the U.K. have been rather slow to emerge. This has been partly due to the high cost of the customers' terminals but is also due to the difficulty of passing keyboard data, from the customers, back over the cable network to the head‐end. This paper describes a new approach to these problems and shows that Videotex and other interactive services can be provided without major engineering changes to the network.
Can purchasing power parity help forecast the dollar?
Authors: Cochran Steven J. , Defina Robert H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the information on future exchange rate movements provided by the doctrine of purchasing power parity (PPP). Previous research has studied this issue by analyzing the time‐series properties of period‐by‐period levels of, or changes in, exchange rates. In contrast, the present study focuses on the durations of periods in which exchange rates deviate from their PPP levels. If PPP provides information about future exchange rate movements, these durations should exhibit positive duration dependence. That is, the probability of returning to PPP levels should increase as the period of deviation increases. Parametric hazard functions estimated using data from eighteen countries provide no evidence of positive duration dependence. These results are robust to alternative definitions of PPP and to alternative functional specifications. While exchange rates take prolonged swings away from their PPP levels and then eventually return, these movements apparently constitute Monte Carlo cycles in which, at any point in time, the probability of moving back toward PPP is the same as the probability of moving farther away. Thus, PPP provides no useful information on future exchange rate changes, a result consistent with market efficiency.
Lead‐lag relationship between spot index and futures price of the nikkei stock average
Authors: Tse Y. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the lead‐lag relationship between the spot index and futures price of the Nikkei Stock Average. Using daily data in the post‐crash period we investigate the interaction between the spot and futures series through the error correction model. Two versions of error correction models are considered, depending on the postulated long‐run equilibrium relationship. It is found that lagged changes in the futures price affect the short‐term adjustment in the spot index, but not vice versa. Forecasting models for the spot index are also constructed using the univariate time series approach and the vector autoregressive method. For the post‐sample forecast comparison the error correction models produce the best results. The vector autoregressive method performs better than the martingale model, while the univariate time series method gives the poorest forecasts.
Candidate glioblastoma development gene identification using concordance between copy number abnormalities and gene expression level changes
Authors: Lo Ken C. , Rossi Michael R. , LaDuca Jeffrey , Hicks David G. , Turpaz Yaron , Hawthorn Lesleyann , Cowell John K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCopy number abnormalities (CNAs) in tumor cells are presumed to affect expression levels of genes located in region of abnormality. To investigate this relationship we have surveyed the losses, gains and amplifications in 30 glioblastomas using array comparative genome hybridization and compared these data with gene expression changes in the same tumors using the Affymetrix U133Plus2.0 oligonucleotide arrays. The two datasets were overlaid using our in‐house overlay tool which highlights concordance between CNAs and expression level changes for the same tumors. In this survey we have highlighted genes frequently overexpressed in amplified regions on chromosomes 1, 4, 11, and 12 and have identified novel amplicons on these chromosomes. Deletions of specific regions on chromosomes 9, 10, 11, 14, and 15 have also been correlated with reduced gene expression in the regions of minimal overlap. In addition we describe a novel approach for comparing gene expression levels between tumors based on the presence or absence of chromosome CNAs. This genome wide screen provides an efficient and comprehensive survey of genes which potentially serve as the drivers for the CNAs in GBM. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does the quality of care in Medicaid MCOs vary with the form of physician compensation?
Authors: Quast Troy , Sappington David E. M. , Shenkman Elizabeth 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA growing fraction of Medicaid participants are enrolled in managed care organizations (MCOs). MCOs contract with primary care physicians (PCPs) to provide health‐care services to Medicaid enrollees. The PCPs are generally compensated either via fee‐for‐service (FFS) or via capitated arrangements. This paper investigates whether the quality of care that Medicaid enrollees receive varies with the means by which PCPs are compensated. Using data for all Medicaid MCO enrollees in a large state, we find that enrollees in MCOs that pay their PCPs exclusively via FFS arrangements are more likely to receive services for which the PCPs receive additional compensation. These enrollees also are less likely to receive services for which the PCPs do not receive additional compensation. These findings suggest that financial incentives may influence the behavior of PCPs in Medicaid MCOs, and thus the quality of the health care received by Medicaid participants enrolled in MCOs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibody responses to survivin and their clinical significance in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Eto Mayumi , Kodama Satoru , Uemura Naoki , Suzuki Masashi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground.Survivin is highly expressed in cancer cells but shows little or no expression in normal tissues. Little is known about antibody responses to survivin in patients with head and neck cancer.Methods.Anti‐survivin antibody responses in patients with head and neck cancer were investigated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Anti‐p53 antibody and squamous cell carcinoma antigen were also examined.Results.Sera from 69 of 97 patients (71.1%) were positive for anti‐survivin, with a cutoff value (absorbance; >0.673) with healthy control subjects. High levels of anti‐survivin were detected in patients with advanced stage. Interestingly, levels of anti‐survivin fell after curative treatment. In addition, 24 of 26 (92.3%) tested patients were positive for at least 1 of 3 markers.Conclusions.These findings suggest that survivin may act as a major cancer antigen in head and neck cancer. Anti‐survivin antibody responses may be a valuable marker in patients with head and neck cancer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Synthesis of Some Novel Thioxanthenone‐Fused Azacrown Ethers, and Their Use as New Catalysts in the Efficient, Mild, and Regioselective Conversion of Epoxides to β‐Hydroxy Thiocyanates with Ammonium Thiocyanate
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Beni Alireza Salimi , Khalifeh Reza 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe regioselective ring‐opening reactions of some epoxides with ammonium thiocyanate in the presence of a series of new 9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one‐fused azacrown ethers, i.e., 7–11 (Scheme 1), and also of dibenzo[18]crown‐6 (12), Kryptofix® 22 (13), and benzo[15]crown‐5 (14) were studied (Tables 1 and 2). The epoxides were subjected to cleavage by NH4SCN in the presence of these catalysts under mild conditions in various aprotic solvents. Reagents and conditions were identified for the synthesis of individual β‐hydroxy thiocyanates in high yield and with more than 90% regioselectivity. The results can be discussed in terms of a four‐step mechanism (Scheme 2): 1) formation of a complex between catalyst and NH4SCN, 2) release of SCN− from the complex, 3) reaction of the released SCN− at the sterically less hindered site of the epoxide, and 4) regeneration of the catalyst. The major advantages of this method are the high regioselectivity, the simple regeneration of the catalyst, the reuse of it through several cycles without a decrease of activity, and the ease of workup of the reaction mixtures.
The growth inhibitory effect of actein on human breast cancer cells is associated with activation of stress response pathways
Authors: Einbond Linda Saxe , Su Tao , Wu Hsan‐au , Friedman Richard , Wang Xiaomei , Ramirez Alejandro , Kronenberg Fredi , Weinstein I. Bernard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPrevious studies indicate that the triterpene glycoside actein from the herb black cohosh inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells. This study seeks to identify genes altered in human breast cancer cells by treatment with actein, using gene expression analysis. We treated MDA‐MB‐453 human breast cancer cells with actein at 2 doses, 20 or 40 μg/mL, for 6 or 24 hr. We identified 5 genes that were activated after each of the treatments that are known to play a role in cellular responses to diverse stresses, including the DNA damage and unfolded protein responses. In addition, four genes that mediate the integrated stress response (ISR), including activating transcription factor 4, were induced under at least one of the 4 treatment conditions. We used hierarchical clustering to define clusters comprising patterns of gene expression. Two ISR genes, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and DNA damage‐ inducible transcript 3, and lipid biosynthetic genes were activated after exposure to actein at 40 μg/mL for 6 hr, whereas the cell cycle genes cyclin E2 and cell division cycle 25A were repressed. Our results suggest that actein induces 2 phases of the ISR, the survival phase and the apoptotic phase, depending on the dose and duration of treatment. We confirmed the results of gene expression analysis with real‐time RT‐PCR for 18 selected genes and Western blot analysis for ATF3. Since actein activated transcription factors that enhance apoptosis, and repressed cell cycle genes, it may be useful in the prevention and therapy of breast cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of potent CD4+ T cell‐mediated antitumor responses by a helper HER‐2/neu peptide linked to the Ii‐Key moiety of the invariant chain
Authors: Voutsas Ioannis F. , Gritzapis Angelos D. , Mahaira Louisa G. , Salagianni Maria , Hofe Eric von , Kallinteris Nikoletta L. , Baxevanis Constantin N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Ii‐Key fragment from the MHC class II‐associated invariant chain (or Ii protein) has been shown to facilitate direct charging of MHC class II epitopes to the peptide binding groove. The purpose of the present study was to test the potential of a series of Ii‐Key/HER‐2/neu(776–790) hybrid peptides to generate increased frequencies of peptide‐specific CD4+ T cells over the native peptide in mice transgenic (Tg) for a chimeric human mouse class II molecule (DR4‐IE) (H‐2b) as well as their antitumor potency. Following in vivo priming, such hybrid peptides induced increased proliferation and frequencies of IFN‐γ producing CD4+ T cells in response to either syngeneic dendritic cells pulsed with native peptide, or HLA‐DR4+ human tumor cell lines expressing HER‐2/neu. Hybrid peptides were more stable in an off‐rate kinetics assay compared to the native peptide. In addition, antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells from hybrid peptide immunized DR4‐IE Tg mice synergized with HER‐2/neu(435–443)‐specific CD8+ T cells from HLA‐A2.1 Tg HHD (H‐2b) mice in producing antitumor immunity into SCID mice xenografted with the HER‐2/neu+, HLA‐A2.1+ and HLA‐DR4+ FM3 human melanoma cell line. High proportions of these adoptively transferred HER‐2/neu peptide‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltrated FM3‐induced tumors (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; TIL) in SCID mice. CD8+ TIL exhibited long‐lasting antitumor activity when cotransferred with CD4+ TIL, inducing regression of FM3 tumors in a group of untreated, tumor‐bearing SCID mice, following adoptive transfer. Our data show that Ii‐Key modified HER‐2/neu(776–790) hybrid peptides are sufficiently potent to provide antigen‐specific CD4+ TH cells with therapeutic antitumor activity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improvement of bonding strength between biomimetic apatite coating and substrate
Authors: Qu Haibo , Wei Mei 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBone‐like apatite coatings were prepared using a biomimetic method in a modified simulated body fluid (m‐SBF). The effect of the m‐SBF volume on the apatite coating quality was studied. Three m‐SBF volumes, 50, 100, and 200 mL, were employed to immerse titanium substrates in a sealed container so as to produce apatite coatings with different properties, namely types I, type II, and type III apatite coatings, respectively. The coatings were characterized using X‐ray diffraction and environmental scanning electron microscope. The bonding between the coating and the Ti substrate was evaluated using an adhesive strength test. All three apatite coatings demonstrated a poorly crystallized structure, and the coatings formed exhibited a uniformed surface morphology. Further increasing the m‐SBF volume, small globules of apatite started to form on the surface of the coating. The bonding strength for the three coating systems were 8.52 ± 2.41, 10.36 ± 2.78, and 17.23 ± 2.55 MPa for types I, II, and III apatite coatings, respectively. The failure analyses suggested that type III coating failed mostly at the interface between the coating and the substrate, while type I and II coatings failed mostly within the apatite coating. Our study revealed that a dense, thick, well‐adhered apatite coating could be achieved by carefully controlling the volume of m‐SBF. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Injectable calcium phosphate cement: Effects of powder‐to‐liquid ratio and needle size
Authors: Burguera Elena F. , Xu Hockin H. K. , Sun Limin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCalcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets in situ and forms apatite with excellent osteoconductivity and bone‐replacement capability. The objectives of this study were to formulate an injectable tetracalcium phosphate‐dicalcium phosphate cement (CPCD), and investigate the powder/liquid ratio and needle‐size effects. The injection force (mean ± SD; n = 4) to extrude the paste increased from (8 ± 2) N using a 10‐gauge needle to (144 ± 17) N using a 21‐gauge needle (p < 0.05). With the 10‐gauge needle, the mass percentage of extruded paste was (95 ± 4)% at a powder/liquid ratio of 3; it decreased to (70 ± 12)% at powder/liquid = 3.5 (p < 0.05). A relationship was established between injection force, F, and needle lumen cross‐sectional area, A: F = 5.0 + 38.7/A0.8. Flexural strength, S, (mean ± SD; n = 5) increased from (5.3 ± 0.8) MPa at powder/liquid= 2 to (11.0 ± 0.8) MPa at powder/liquid = 3.5 (p < 0.05). Pore volume fraction, P, ranged from 62.4% to 47.9%. A relationship was established: S = 47.7 × (1 – P)2.3. The strength of the injectable CPCD matched/exceeded the reported strengths of sintered porous hydroxyapatite implants that required machining. The novel injectable CPCD with a relatively high strength may be useful in filling defects with limited accessibility such as periodontal repair and tooth root‐canal fillings, and in minimally‐invasive techniques such as percutaneous vertebroplasty to fill the lesions and to strengthen the osteoporotic bone. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Spectrofluorimetric determination of bile acid using a europium‐doxycycline probe
Authors: Wang Ting , Wang Xiaolei , Jiang Chongqiu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of bile acid (BA). Using europium ion (Eu3+)‐doxycycline (DC) as a fluorescent probe, in a buffer solution of pH=7.0, BA can remarkably reduce the fluorescence intensity of the DC‐Eu3+ complex at λ=612 nm; the reduced fluorescence intensity of the Eu3+ is proportional to the concentration of BA. Optimum conditions for the determination of BA were also investigated. The linear range and detection limit for the determination of BA were 5.0 × 10−8 mol/L to 5.5 × 10−7 mol/L and 1.1 × 10−8 mol/L, respectively. This method is practical and relatively free of interference from coexisting substances, and can be successfully applied to assess BA in serum samples. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:207–212, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.