bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of the Lattice Constants and Crystallite Sizes of Various Types of Carbons with Heat Treatment
Authors: Inagaki Michio , Noda Tokiti 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two kinds of cokes, six kinds of carbon black and a charcoal were heat-treated at temperatures between 1500 and 3400°C in a resistance furnace under atmospheric pressure. The lattice constants and crystallite sizes of these carbons were measured by means of the X-ray diffraction method, using extra-pure silicon as an inner standard.
The co values of the graphitizing carbons, such as the petroleum coke and the pitch coke, were not less than 6.718Å, even when these carbons were heat-treated at 3400°C. It was concluded that the graphitizability of carbon was affected by its original texture even at such a high temperature as 3400°C.
The co value of carbon black became smaller and the value of Lc, larger with the increase in the particle size of carbon black. It has been said that the particle size is the main limiting factor for the growth of graphite crystallite in carbon black, but the experimental results suggest that such other properties as micropores may also be limiting factors.
The discrepancy between the Lc values calculated from the (002) and (004) diffractions was accounted for by the heterogeneity of the interlayer spacing in crystallite.
With the charcoal, so-called three-phase graphitization was observed.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Cerium(III) and Some Rare Earths with Xylenol Orange
Authors: Tonosaki Kôichi , Otomo Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method has been described for the spectrophotometric determination of 20 to 100μg. of a rare earth element using xylenol orange. The complexes of cerium(III), lanthanum-(III), neodymium(III) and yttrium(III) with xylenol orange have an absorption maximum at 575 to 578μ vs. the reagent blank. Each of them is a 1 : 1 complex and has a formation constant of approximately 105 under the conditions studied. Anions such as NTA and EDTA inhibit the color development of the complexes.
The Radiation-Induced Exchange Reaction of Oxygen Atoms in Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Hirota Kozo , Terasaki Hideo , Hatada Motoyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Oxygen exchange of carbon dioxide induced by β-ray irradiation has been investigated by use of oxygen isotope O*. From the decrease of O* amount, the apparent and total values of the exchange reaction, Gcorr(-CO2*) and Gtotalexc, have been calculated to be 1.72 and 51, respectively. The latter value 51 would be equivalent to the forward reaction, but has been shown to be larger than the corresponding value (8.5) in Harteck’s experiment.
Isomerization of Cyclohexyl Phenyl Ketoxirne in Liquid Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Tokura Niichiro , Shiina Katsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The syn-anti isomerization of β-cyclohexyl phenyl ketoxime is carried out in liquid sulfur dioxide.
2. The isomerization is accerelated by light and retarded by hydroquinone. The degree of the dehydration of liquid sulfur dioxide has little effect on the rate of isomerization.
3. The kinetic result has shown that the reaction is of the first order with respect to the concentration of the oxime and that the rate constant, k for R=k[β-oxime], may be expressed as:
k=6.3×1011 exp [−19.1⁄RT]
4. A complex between the oxime and sulfur dioxide is assumed as the intermediate step, the isomerization of the complex being the rate-determining step. The dual (radical and ionic) nature of the isomerization in liquid sulfur dioxide may well be elucidated by such an assumption.
Polarographic Study of the Rate of the Dissociation Reaction of the Zinc(II)-Nitrilotriacetate Complex in Ammonia-Ammonium Nitrate Buffer Solutions
Authors: Kodama Mutsuo , Hashimoto Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetic current due to the dissociation of zinc-nitrilotriacetate complexes has been investigated in buffers with pH values from 8.3 to 9.5 and containing a large excess of calcium ions with respect to the total concentration of nitrilotriacetate. The ionic strength was kept at 0.4.
It was confirmed that the electrode reaction at the surface of the dropping mercury electrode proceeds according to the mechanism:
ZnX−+2NH3\ightleftharpoonsZn(NH3)22++X3− (slow)
Zn(NH3)22++2e+Hg\ightleftharpoonsZn(Hg)+2NH3 (fast)
The rate constants were calculated as 0.850(mol./l.)−2 sec−1 for the dissociation reaction of ZnX−+2NH3=Zn(NH3)22++X3− and 2.42×105(mol./l.)−1 sec−1 for the association reaction at 25°C. in buffer solutions of pH values from 8.3 to 9.5 with an ionic strength of 0.4 and containg 0.1 m calcium nitrate. The heat of activation and the entropy of activation of the dissociation reaction were calculated as 31.1 kcal. and −25.4 e. u. respectively.
The Gelation of Lead Aldose-cysteinate. The Properties of Gel and the Structure of Lead Aldose-cysteinate
Authors: Takahashi Fujio , Mizuguchi Jun 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
When a solution containing HGC or HGaC and lead acetate on nitrate was allowed to stand for sometime, it was found to form a stable gel like agar-agar in the pH range between 3.8 and 11 and with a concentration over 0.3%. The turbidity and rigidity of the gel began to increase rapidly with gelation. A solution containing HMC and lead salt did not form a gel, but precipitated lead cysteinate with the liberation of mannose.
It was found that the lead aldose-cysteinates isolated, which are the essentials materials for gelation, are composed of one atom of lead, one molecule of HSC, and one univalent anion, and that the sulfur atom and one hydroxyl group HGC coordinate with the lead atom, but that the carboxyl group of HGC does not coordinate to the lead atom.
Preparation of Some Tricyclohexylsilyl Derivatives
Authors: Kanazashi Motonori , Takakura Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Hydrogenations of hexaphenyldisilane, hexaphenyldisiloxane and triphenylsilanol were carried out in the presence of Raney nickel catalyst (W-6), and hexacyclohexyldisilane, hexacyclohexyldisiloxane and tricyclohexylsilanol were obtained (41, 56, 84%, respectively). Infrared spectra of the products and the starting materials were measured.
Study on Unimolecular Decomposition of Excited Olefin Ions
Authors: Omura Itiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The decomposition probabilities, rate constants, and frequency factors for some olefins have been calculated on the basis of mass spectrometric data and the quasi-equilibrium theory.
The rate constant of the parent ion in a homologous series increases with the size of the ion. Fragment ions of the same form but from different parent ions sometimes reveal different rate constants.
The scheme of hydrogen molecule abstraction in the secondary decomposition processes of propane is analogous to that of propylene, and reasonable ionic structures of primary ions can be presumed.
For a more quantitative discussion, however, there remain some indistinct points in the application of the quasi-equilibrium theory. For instance, the time of reaction along with the rate constant is assumed to be 1×10−5 sec. and to be constant for all ions. Further studies should be carried out both in theory and experiments.
The cis-trans Photoisomerization of Azobenzene
Authors: Yamashita Shigeru , Ono Hiroshi , Toyama Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photoisomerization of cis- and trans-azobenzene in an n-hexane solution has been studied in the n-π* and π-π* absorption wave-length regions. The rate of isomerization has always been found to be proportional to the product of the incident light intensity and the concentration of cis- or trans-azobenzene. This simply means that the rate of isomerization is proportional to that of light absorption. Quantum yields of isomerization are independent of the temperature except for the trans→cis conversion caused by n-π* absorption, where the quantum yield is slightly dependent on temperature. The sum of quantum yields for cis→trans and trans→cis conversions caused by n-π* absorption is approximately unity, while the sum obtained with π-π* absorption is much smaller than unity. The mechanism of photoisomerization has been discussed with reference to these results.
Relations between the Electronic Absorption Spectra and the Spatial Configurations of Conjugated Systems. XIII. Phenyl-carbonyl and Vinyl-carbonyl Systems
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been shown that the characteristic feature of the steric effect on the conjugation band in the case of the phenyl-carbonyl and vinyl-carbonyl systems, i. e., the relatively small hypsochromic shift and the relatively large decrease in the intensity of the band, as compared with that in the case of the conjugated hydrocarbon systems, can be adequately interpreted using the simple MO approach. From theoretical considerations it has especially been concluded that the proportionality of the intensity of the band to the cosine-square of the angle of twist of the formally single bond in these systems, formerly assumed by Braude, may be admitted as a rough approximation in spite of the invalidity of its original reasoning.
Photoreduction of Methylene Blue by Some Derivatives of N-Phenylglycine. Relation between the Structure and the Reactivity of the Electron Donors
Authors: Matsumoto Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photobleaching of methylene blue in the presence of various derivatives of N-phenylglycine has been examined to investigate the relation between the structure and the reactivity of the electron donor and to get information about the nature of the photoreaction. The time course of the photobleaching is well expressed by the superposition of two terms decreasing exponentially with time.
The hydrogen atom on the nitrogen or α-carbon atom of the N-phenylglycine molecule seems to take no part in the photoreduction process, and the first stage is probably the electron transfer between the interacting species.
As judged from the initial quantum yield,Φ, of the photoreductions, the influence of substituents in the ortho- and para-positions of the benzene ring is much larger than that in the meta-position. Both electropositive and electronegative substituents reduce Φ. The small Φ in the former cases is attributed to the ability of such φ·G’s to deactivate the excited dye ions. From spectral data, no sign of complex formation between φ·G’s and unexcited dye molecules can be inferred. The fluorescence of methylene blue is not quenched by φ·G’s in the range of concentrations used in the photochemical reaction. In view of these results, the kinetic data are treated by use of a current kinetic scheme, when a relation akin to Hammett’s rule is found between a certain rate constant and the σ value of the substituent in the benzene ring of the N-phenylglycine.
Kinetic data are also used to estimate the life-time of the metastable excited state of the dye, which is calculated to be about 4.2×10−5sec. or longer. This value is in a range reasonable to be interpreted as that of the lowest triplet state of the dye.
Photosensitized Oxidation of Leuco-uranine. II. Kinetics of an Acridine-sensitized Photoöxidation in the Deaerated Solution
Authors: Uchida Kengo , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The acridine-sensitized photoöxidation of leuco-uranine in the deareated aqueous solution was studied kinetically. It was established that about 0.24 of the excited acridine molecules goes to the triplet state and then reacts with leuco-uranine. In favorable conditions, the quantum yield is near 0.20, which shows that the genuine reaction rather predominates over the deactivation process of the triplet state.
The pH value dependence of the rate was successfully interpreted from the assumption that each of the different molecular species has a different rate constant.
Anionic Polymerization of Vinylidene Chloride. I. Susceptibilities of Vinyl Monomers to Initiation by Ionic Catalysis
Authors: Konishi Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The relative reactivities of vinyl monomers under ionic conditions have been discussed using a Q-e or q-ε map. It has been deduced that the larger the value of the polarity factor e (or ε) and the resonance factor Q (or q) of the monomer, the greater the susceptibility of the monomers to ionic catalysis. The possibility of new ionic polymerization reaction and the relative reactivity of monomers in ionic copolymerization have been discussed. As the result of this scheme, it seems that the anionic polymerization of vinylidene chloride is possible.
Molecular Rotations of Glucides in Relation to their Structures. X. On the ζ-Coefficient of the Hydroxyl Group in Pentose and Methylpentose
Authors: Yamana Shukichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As there are four hydroxyl groups in the pentose and methylpentose molecules, the ζOH values in some of them may be nearly equal to that in the polyhydroxycyclohexane which has four hydroxyl groups in the molecule. In order to satisfy this condition, the ζ-coefficient of (H)1,ζ(OH)1 was distinguished from that of the other (OH), ζOH. Next, by using the PM-method, the values of ζ(OH), ζOH and were calculated. Making use of these ζ-coefficient a table of [μ]D obs20 values was made. By using this table, the [M]D20(W) values of some carbohydrates, hitherto unknown, were calculated. The validity of the presumed values was then tested by applying Hudson’s methyl glycoside and a rule new anticipation proposed by the author.
Reaction of Benzoyl Peroxide with Phenols Substituted with Electron-Withdrawing Groups
Authors: Inoue Hakuai , Simamura Osamu , Takamizawa Kanichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Benzoyl peroxide has been allowed to react with various halogenophenols in boiling carbon tetrachloride and the nature of the products has been examined.
2,4,6-Tribromophenol gave benzoic acid, polydibromophenylene oxide H(OC6H2Br2)nBr, 4-hydroxy-3,5,2′,4′,6′-pentabromodiphenyl ether, carbon dioxide and bromine, whereas in the case of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol the corresponding polymeric material could not be isolated, but p-benzoquinones substituted with chlorine and the 2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy group were formed. The reaction with 2,6-dichloro-and 2,6-dibromophenol gave a small amount of the corresponding 3,5,3′,5′-tetrahalogeno-4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyls, a type of product which were not obtained in the other cases. p-Halogenophenols yielded an appreciable amount of halogenocatechol monobenzoates.
p-Nitrophenol did not react with benzoyl peroxide in boiling carbon tetrachloride, but at 100°C in the absence of any solvent this phenol as well as the ortho isomer underwent reaction with evolution of considerable amount of carbon dioxide. These observations are discussed in terms of mechanisms involving free radicals.
Anionic Polymerization of Vinylidene Chloride. II. Homopolymerization Initiated by n-Butyllithium
Authors: Konishi Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polymerization of vinylidene chloride initiated by n-butyllithium in n-hexane has been investigated. It has been found that the initial rate of polymerization is independent of the catalyst concentration above a critical value and is proportional to the square of the monomer concentration. The activation energy of the over-all rate was 10.7kcal./mol. The chlorine content of the polymer decreased inversely with the increase of catalyst concentration. An anionic mechanism is suggested for the polymerization kinetics.
A Study of the Polymorphic Formation of Calcium Carbonate in Thermal Springs with an Emphasis on the Effect of Temperature
Authors: Kitano Yasushi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) When calcium carbonate was formed in the laboratory from the calcium bicarbonate solution through which carbon dioxide gas had not been bubbled during the process of the calcium carbonate formation: a) Only calcite was formed at a temperature below 25°C; aragonite was formed above 25°C, and vaterite was formed above 40°C. Between 40 and 60°C a large amount of vaterite was formed. With a rise in the temperature of the mother solution, the proportion of calcite decreased, b) Vaterite was easily formed from the calcium bicarbonate solution containing sodium chloride at a high temperature. With an increase in the temperature and in sodium chloride concentration, the proportion of vaterite increased, c) With an increase in both temperature and magnesium chloride concentration, the proportion of aragonite increased but that of calcite decreased. The presence of magnesium chloride in the mother solution hindered the formation of vaterite.
2) When calcium carbonate was formed in the laboratory from the calcium bicarbonate solution containing sodium chloride (or magnesium chloride) and bubbled with carbon dioxide gas continuously during the calcium carbonate formation, only calcite was formed despite a high temperature.
3) When calcium carbonate was deposited in thermal spring waters of a high temperature, aragonite was formed. However, from the waters into which carbon dioxide gas was supplied, in other words, from the acidic solution, calcite was formed despite a high temperature, and aragonite was formed from the waters to which carbon dioxide was not supplied, in other words, from the basic waters, despite a low temperature.
4) Up to the present time, vaterite has not been found in the deposits of thermal springs because: a) Calcium carbonate deposits of thermal springs were either formed at a location where carbon dioxide gas was supplied to the mother waters or where the concentration of magnesium ions in the waters was rather high, or b) even if vaterite had been formed, it would have changed to calcite or aragonite very quickly because of its low stability in solution.
5) In spring waters with the same chemical constituents, pH value, and temperature, the proportion of aragonite increased and that of calcite decreased with an increase in the rate of carbon dioxide gas escape from the waters and in the rate of calcium carbonate formation.
6) Aragonite was readily found in calcium carbonate precipitates formed floating on the surface of thermal spring waters, but it was not likely to be found in the precipitates deposited on the wall or bottom in the same waters.
The polymorphic formation of calcium carbonate formed in thermal springs depends mainly on the temperature, the concentrations of sodium ions, magnesium ions and carbon dioxide (pH) in the waters, and on the rate of calcium carbonate formation when calcium carbonate is formed from a similar water.
Synthesis of Dl-Lysine from 1,1,1,5-Tetrachloropentane
Authors: Saotome Kazuo , Kodaira Yasuto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dl-Lysine was synthesized from 1,1,1,5-tetrachloropentane. The process involves seven steps; 1,1,5-trichloropentene-1 (92%), 1,1-dichloro-5-cyanopetene-1 (88%), 1,1-dichloro-6-aminohexene-1 (59%), 1,1-dichloro-6-phthaliminohexene-1 (96%), 2-chloro-6-phthaliminocaproic acid (95%), Dl-lysine monohydrochloride (53%). The over-all yield from 1,1,1,5-tetrachloropentane to Dl-lysine monohydrochloride was 23%.
In the hydrogenation of 1,1-dichloro-5-cyanopentene-1 to 1,1-dichloro-6-aminohexene-1, the Raney cobalt was found to be a favorable catalyst for attacking the nitrile group selectively.
Gouy Magnetic Balance for Use at Low Temperatures
Authors: Shiraiwa Yoshiaki , Kikuchi Katsunari , Kishi Eichi , Nagano Hiroshi , Oshima Keichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
This paper has reported on the performance, in the range between room and liquid nitrogen temperatures, of a Gouy-type magnetic balance, which had been constructed for absolute measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic salts. As a magnetic field, we used a highly homogeneous permanent magnet which was easily movable by hand. Therefore, precise measurement of the susceptibily is possible. With this balance, the susceptibility of 10−5c.g.s. units was measurable within a range of error of 5%.
Separation of Uranium from Fission Products using Cellulose
Authors: Oi Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The separation of uranium from fission products by using cellulose has been demonstrated. Uranyl nitrate hexahydrate containing fission products was dissolved in an organic solvent that had low solubility of water, and this solution was passed through the column of cellulose. Almost all the fission products were retained on the cellulose, while uranium passed almost unadsorbed. The most labile nuclides were found to be ruthenium and cesium. Free nitric acid must be eliminated to prevent the elution of ruthenium.
The distribution ratios of individual fission products and neptunium between cellulose and an uranyl nitrate solution in n-butyl acetate were determined, and it was found that the adsorption of fission products decreased with the increase in the uranium concentration of the organic solvent. Therefore, the concentration of uranium that passed through the column was limited to below 0.2 m.
It was also found that water was necessary. This indicated partition as one of the mechanisms of this separation.
In this method the mass transfer of uranium between two different phases is not performed, so the contamination of fission products is rather small. Moreover, uranium can be easily recovered and fission products are condensed on a small amount of cellulose.
Energy Distribution of Secondary Electrons from Copper-Beryllium Alloy by Bombardment of Positive Ions of Inert Gases. II. Activated Copper-Beryllium
Authors: Sugiura Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The distribution curves of the kinetic energis of secondary electrons from the activated copper-beryllium surface impacted by inert gas ions were together with the yield of the secondary electrons, measured by the retarding potential method. The contact potential difference between the ion target (activated copper-beryllium) and the electron collector (gold) was also measured by the retarding potential method for the thermal electrons from tungsten, and the correction to the kinetic energies of secondary electrons by this contact potential difference was made. For the purpose of obtaining information about the emission characteristics of the increase in the yield ot secondary electrons by target activation, the distribution of ΔN0(Ek), which is the difference in the secondary electrons emitted from activated and from electro-polished copper-beryllium, was plotted by electron energies. The main results obtained are as follows:
(1) The contact potential difference between activated copper-beryllium and gold is 0.25 eV. (gold, negative).
(2) The general features of the distribution curves of the secondary electrons emitted from activated copper-beryllium show a tendency similar to that of the secondary electrons emitted from electro-polished copper-beryllium, and they also show a great similarity to the distribution curves obtained from the not atomically clean semiconductor surface (germanium or silicon) by Hagstrum.
(3) The distribution of ΔN0(Ek) show a remarkable difference from the distribution curves for activated copper-beryllium. Distribution curves of ΔN0(Ek) higher than about 4eV. in electron energies showed a great similarity to the distribution curves of the Auger electron obtained by Hagstrum. Moreover, the distribution of ΔN0(Ek) for singly-charged ions shows clearly a separation in the electron energy scale; this result was explained by the fact that the stopping cross-section of the beryllium oxide is greater than that of the cupric oxide.
(4) From the explanation of the distribution of ΔN0(Ek), it is considered that the increase in the yield of secondary electrons by target activation depends on the stopping cross-section of beryllium oxide and on the Auger process of electron emission.