bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The RPN5 Subunit of the 26s Proteasome Is Essential for Gametogenesis, Sporophyte Development, and Complex Assembly inArabidopsis
Authors: Book Adam J. , Smalle Jan , Lee Kwang-Hee , Yang Peizhen , Walker Joseph M. , Casper Sarah , Holmes James H. , Russo Laura A. , Buzzinotti Zachri W. , Jenik Pablo D. , Vierstra Richard D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe 26S proteasome is an essential multicatalytic protease complex that degrades a wide range of intracellular proteins, especially those modified with ubiquitin. Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants use pairs of genes to encode most of the core subunits, with both of the isoforms often incorporated into the mature complex. Here, we show that the gene pair encoding the regulatory particle non-ATPase subunit (RPN5) has a unique role in proteasome function and Arabidopsis development. Homozygous rpn5a rpn5b mutants could not be generated due to a defect in male gametogenesis. While single rpn5b mutants appear wild-type, single rpn5a mutants display a host of morphogenic defects, including abnormal embryogenesis, partially deetiolated development in the dark, a severely dwarfed phenotype when grown in the light, and infertility. Proteasome complexes missing RPN5a are less stable in vitro, suggesting that some of the rpn5a defects are caused by altered complex integrity. The rpn5a phenotype could be rescued by expression of either RPN5a or RPN5b, indicating functional redundancy. However, abnormal phenotypes generated by overexpression implied that paralog-specific functions also exist. Collectively, the data point to a specific role for RPN5 in the plant 26S proteasome and suggest that its two paralogous genes in Arabidopsis have both redundant and unique roles in development.
A DYW Domain–Containing Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein Is Required for RNA Editing at Multiple Sites in Mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zehrmann Anja , Verbitskiy Daniil , van der Merwe Johannes A. , Brennicke Axel , Takenaka Mizuki 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
RNA editing in flowering plant mitochondria alters 400 to 500 nucleotides from C to U, changing the information content of most mRNAs and some tRNAs. So far, none of the specific or general factors responsible for RNA editing in plant mitochondria have been identified. Here, we characterize a nuclear-encoded gene that is involved in RNA editing of three specific sites in different mitochondrial mRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana, editing sites rps4-956, nad7-963, and nad2-1160. The encoded protein MITOCHONDRIAL RNA EDITING FACTOR1 (MEF1) belongs to the DYW subfamily of pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. Amino acid identities altered in MEF1 from ecotype C24, in comparison to Columbia, lower the activity at these editing sites; single amino acid changes in mutant plants inactivate RNA editing. These variations most likely modify the affinity of the editing factor to the affected editing sites in C24 and in the mutant plants. Since lowered and even absent RNA editing is tolerated at these sites, the amino acid changes may be silent for the respective protein functions. Possibly more than these three identified editing sites are addressed by this first factor identified for RNA editing in plant mitochondria.
Censorship or recklessness? Obligations and legality regarding controversial materials in libraries
Authors: McMenemy David 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the nature of the debate in terms of a recent consultation in England on guidance for public libraries in selection of controversial materials. Also discussed is the issue of censorship in terms of how it relates to the practice of librarianship.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a reflective and critical overview.FindingsThe laws that limit thought are potentially dangerous and to criminalise ideas is a notion that is anti‐democratic. Librarians must always be wary of censorship from the state and any self‐censorship they feel obliged to undertake through fear of unclear laws.Practical implicationsThe paper discusses a pertinent topic in current library practice and should be of interest to practitioners who are debating the issues on the front line.Originality/valueThe paper concentrates on a current issue of practice in the UK, and also wider issues facing professional librarians throughout the world.
Cataloguing training at the University of the West Indies, St Augustine
Authors: Bowen‐Chang Portia , Hosein Yacoob 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effectiveness of a series of in‐house training offered to cataloguers and para‐professional cataloguing staff at the University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.Design/methodology/approachThe instrument used for the survey was a questionnaire which sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the training over a two‐year period. Through the application of a five‐point Likert scale respondents were required to indicate their levels of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the training sessions.FindingsThe paper reveals the relevance and effectiveness of a structured approach to cataloguing training and highlights the need for cataloguing staff to keep abreast of current trends through continuing education. It also demonstrates a dire need for greater collaboration between library schools and libraries in the development of proficiencies for entry level cataloguers.Research limitations/implicationsThe collective evaluation of professionals and para‐professionals with varying levels of cataloguing knowledge and competencies impacted on the reliability of the data.Originality/valueThe paper serves as a model for future cataloguing training at the St Augustine Campus Libraries and can be adapted by other libraries for meeting their training needs in cataloguing.
Search images, information seeking and information literacy
Authors: Shenton Andrew K. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability to information behaviour contexts of the notion of a “search image”, a mental entity highlighted in a significant anthropological study appearing in the 1990s.Design/methodology/approachThe paper considers search images of information‐seekers by exploring hypothetical situations and using source material pertaining to areas such as information systems, information retrieval, information‐seeking and the nature of libraries.FindingsTwo types of search image are postulated – those taking the form of a visual memory of a particular source and those providing a detailed specification of material required in a certain situation.Research limitations/implicationsThe definition of a search image presented here has not been evolved through research featuring specially‐undertaken fieldwork. New studies, incorporating individual interviews or think aloud protocols, should be conducted in order to address a series of emergent questions relating to search images.Practical implicationsWhen more has been learned about the characteristics of search images of successful information‐seekers, it may be possible to build into programmes of information literacy prompts that will help individuals to clarify in their minds what they require before embarking on an information search.Originality/valueIntended for information practitioners and academics alike, the paper forms the first attempt to apply a particular concept originating outside the discipline, i.e. that of a search image, to information‐seeking situations. Attention to search images has the potential to increase one's understanding of how individuals find information, as well as to add a further dimension to information literacy instruction.
Determinants of intellectual capital disclosure: evidence from Australia
Authors: Brüggen Alexander , Vergauwen Philip , Dao Mai 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine determinants of the decision to disclose intellectual capital in annual reports.Design/methodology/approachThe paper derives theoretical predictions from the previous literature and bases the study on archival data with a sample of 125 publicly listed Australian firms. The authors perform a content analysis of annual reports and complement the data with quantitative data from the sample firms.FindingsThe paper finds that industry type plays a key role as a determinant for the disclosure of intellectual property in annual reports. In addition, firm size is another determinant for intellectual disclosure of firms. In contrast with earlier studies and theoretical predictions of voluntary disclosure, however, the paper does not find any relationship between the level of information asymmetry and intellectual capital disclosure.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation refers to the content analysis. Analyzing the annual reports based on the specified list of IC‐related terms may not provide the whole picture as well as the IC disclosure practices. Despite these limitations, the study helps to understand better in general what kind of firms actually disclose information on intellectual capital.Originality/valueIn contrast with earlier studies the study uses significantly more observations, which makes the results more reliable and generalizable. Of further significance is the finding that information asymmetry – one of the main problems between investors and firms – is not driving the decision of firms to disclose information on intellectual capital.
Decision making on governance of strategic technology alliances
Authors: Pateli Adamantia G. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the mechanism through which decisions on the preferred governance mode of strategic technology alliances are made at the firm level.Design/methodology/approachThe author constructed a value‐mediated governance model that is empirically tested through a survey of 57 strategic alliances in the Greek wireless services industry and estimated through a Structural Equation Modeling technique, namely Partial Least Squares.FindingsQuasi‐hierarchy governance modes are preferred by firms assessing their current value as high, and lacking fear of partners' opportunistic behavior. Quasi‐market alliances are preferred by firms having high expectations for the future value of the alliance, and facing high endogenous uncertainty resulting from the existence of a competitive relationship with the partner.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the resource and cost perspectives are founded on diverse assumptions on firms' ability to write complete contracts, their implications for the firms' decision‐making behaviour on the alliance governance issue seem to be complementary to those of the value perspective.Practical implicationsTransitional governance forms, quasi‐market alliances that evolve to quasi‐hierarchy alliances, seem to be preferred in emerging technology‐based environments.Originality/valueThe Expected Alliance Value concept is introduced to explain how exogenous uncertainty characterizing the environment of emerging technology‐based industries can influence the already investigated effects of the partner uncertainty and the firm's current value on the alliance governance preferences.
Effect of ownership on efficiency in Spanish companies
Authors: Bachiller Patricia 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of privatization on the efficiency of five of the biggest Spanish state‐owned companies: Repsol, Iberia, Endesa, Telefónica and REE, which enjoy monopoly status in sectors like energy, telecommunications and air transport.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Tobit analysis to analyze efficiency changes and to determine the effect of the ownership and board structure on technical efficiency.FindingsThe results show that the improvements in efficiency are not related to the privatization. Thus the empirical research suggests that a change of ownership per se is not sufficient to bring about the effects forecast by privatization advocators.Research limitations/implicationsMore research regarding other issues such as organizational changes, strategic alliances and market regulation is needed, as they are factors that explain efficiency variations.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature on privatization because it adds new empirical evidence about Spain, questioning whether the privatization programs have helped to improve the efficiency of the companies.
Relationships between business factors and performance in internationalization
Authors: Zeng Saixing , Xie X.M. , Tam C.M. , Wan T.W. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeWhile internationalization of firms can be a source of growth in profitability, it can also result in huge losses due to the risky internationalized environment. Success in the home countries does not guarantee success internationally. The objective of this study is to identify the main business factors affecting performance of firms in the process of internationalization.Design/methodology/approachTen business factors have been selected to investigate their relationship with the business performance in the internationalization process of Chinese manufacturing firms. The ten business factors are transformed into four dimensions (principal factors) using the method of factor analysis. Using the categorical regression method, relationships between return on assets (ROA) and the four dimensions extracted are examined.FindingsThe findings reveal that marketing capability of firms plays the most important role in improving performance of firms that embrace internationalization.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is confined to data collected from the Yangtze River Delta region via the method of survey, and it is generally agreed that China is a large market composed of distinctively different regional sectors, and there are significant differences in the level of development among the regions.Practical implicationsPerformance of firms that embrace internationalization is affected by different business factors. If these factors could be identified, it would be possible to engineer the performance of firms.Originality/valueFrom a political perspective, the research provides a better understanding on how to improve the internationalization performance for firms, which do not have such experience in the emerging economies.
Implementing change in public sector organizations
Authors: Barton Cunningham J. , Kempling James S. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the importance of various change principles in assisting change in three public sector organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers carried out interviews and used focus groups in assessing the principles and strategies which would be more useful.FindingsThe interview and focus group results in three public sector organizations suggest that forming a guiding coalition might be one of the most important principles to observe.Research limitations/implicationsThe research data used for illustration are based on case evidence and the anecdotal interpretation of change in three settings. The paper does not claim to offer a scientific conclusion.Practical implicationsThe goal is to encourage a discussion on whether or not certain principles or strategies should be more important.Originality/valueThe paper reviews the literature on change and reviews these principles in real experiences. Much of the other literature is conceptual.
Maggie Kuhn: social theorist of radical gerontology
Authors: Estes Carroll , Portacolone Elena 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore Maggie Kuhn's theoretical and analytical contributions to social gerontology and more broadly to the advancement of critical and public sociology.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is an theoretical exploration of ageing. Maggie Kuhn's and the Gray Panthers theoretical contributions include analyses of, and related to: identity politics, intersectionality, cultural and media studies and the cognitive sciences, the forces and factors in the developing political economy of ageing including critiques of the ageing enterprise and the medical industrial complex, the sociology of knowledge of gerontology and globalization and world imperialism. The concluding section argues that the post‐retirement career of Maggie Kuhn was one of a Public Sociologist.FindingsMaggie Kuhn fulfils the promise of the Project of Public Sociology, which “is to make visible the invisible, to make the private public, to validate these organic connections as part of our sociological life”. Maggie Kuhn's example moved forward the work of multiple generations of scholars. She lived and produced critical social analyses in pursuit of emancipatory knowledges. Her work is one of the earliest forms, if not the first, of critical pedagogy in gerontology; she promoted and advanced discourses of resistance. Maggie Kuhn was an engaged and outraged, practicing organic intellectual – the epitome of what bell hooks means by “teaching to transgress” and “education as the practice of freedom”. In the 24 years after her involuntary retirement, this was Maggie Kuhn's full‐time transformational agenda.Originality/valueThe paper looks at how the biography of Maggie Kuhn helped to engender the rise of radical social gerontology.
Aging agents: social gerontologists' imputations to old people
Authors: King Neal , Calasanti Toni 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate the argument that scholars' imputations of agency serve modern professional/institutional purposes other than the refinement of testable theories.Design/methodology/approachData include articles from twenty‐first century issues of four gerontological journals. Content analysis involved coding articles for imputations of agency, constructivist analysis thereof, and the parties to whom authors directed their imputations.FindingsMost authors rehearse theories of “structuration” and call for more imputations of agency to old people. They do this without imputing agency to privileged groups or to policy makers; and without settling theoretical question of how much agency people have or how scientists could demonstrate that. One article in ten provides constructivist critique.Research limitations/implicationsPatterns in imputations of agency in other scholarly realms (such as books) may support another interpretation.Practical implicationsScholars should treat their imputations of agency as political activities and not refinements of testable theories. They position professional scholars as advocates for an oppressed group.Originality/valueThis paper provides a sociological context for interpreting routine imputations of agency in social scientific and humanist scholarship.
Fast multipole boundary element method for electrostatic field computations
Authors: Of G. , Kaltenbacher M. , Steinbach O. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeA wide range of micro‐electro‐mechanical‐systems are based on the electrostatic principle, and for their design the computation of the electric capacities is of great importance. The purpose of this paper is to efficiently compute the capacities as a function of all possible positions of the two electrode structures within the transducer by an enhanced boundary element method (BEM).Design/methodology/approachA Galerkin BEM is developed and the arising algebraic system of equations is efficiently solved by a CG‐method with a multilevel preconditioner and an appropriate fast multipole algorithm for the matrix‐vector operations within the CG‐iterations.FindingsIt can be demonstrated that the piecewise linear and discontinuous trial functions give an approximation, which is almost as good as the one of the piecewise constant trial functions on the refined mesh, at lower computational costs and at about the same memory requirements.Originality/valueThe paper can proof mathematically and demonstrate in practice, that a higher order of convergence is achieved by using piecewise linear, globally discontinuous basis functions instead of piecewise constant basis functions. In addition, an appropriate preconditioner (artificial multilevel boundary element preconditioner, which is based on the Bramble Pasciak Xu like preconditioner) has been developed for the fast iterative solution of the algebraic system of equations.
Positive 2D fractional linear systems
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a new class of positive two‐dimensional (2D) fractional linear systems.Design/methodology/approachA notion (concept) of order 2D difference is proposed and the solution to the state equations is given.FindingsThe classical Cayley‐Hamilton theorem is extended to the positive 2D fractional linear systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the positivity of 2D fractional linear systems, reachability and controllability to zero are established.Originality/valueA method for analysis of positive 2D fractional linear systems is proposed.
Numerical determination of Jiles‐Atherton model parameters
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Thomas David W.P. , Sumner Mark , Paul John , Cabral Sérgio H.L. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a robust method to estimate the parameters of Jiles‐Atherton model of ferromagnetic hysteresis by fitting the model to symmetrical hysteresis loops. The performance of the method is evaluated by both theoretical and experimental data.Design/methodology/approachJiles‐Atherton model with five parameters describes the hysteretic behaviour of ferromagnetic materials. To calculate the model parameters, the most common data displaying the hysteresis features are the hysteresis loops stimulated by symmetrical steady state excitations, e.g. sinusoidal sources. Using the characteristic equations at specific points on these hysteresis loops, the Jiles‐Atherton model parameters can be determined by curve fitting and numerical optimized iteration.FindingsPracticality and robustness were not well considered by the conventional parameter estimation method: the initial curve starting from demagnetization is not always available and a direct iterative algorithm to solve the characteristic equations is sensitive to the initial values of the iteration and the evaluation order of the equations because of two main reasons. The first one is that the basic equation group has non‐unique solutions, which is caused by the nonlinearity of the characteristic equations and the fact that there are more unknown quantities (i.e. five model parameters) than the equations available; the second reason is the multimodal feature of the problem, which means that there are many local minima for the iteration algorithm to be trapped in. So curve fitting around the loop tips is proposed before numerical iteration. The goal is to make the initial values, particularly saturation magnetization Ms, not far away from the desired solution to increase the possibility of converging to a physical result. The optimized iterative method with the enhanced ability to avoid local minima and find global roots is then applied to obtain the model parameters.Originality/valueThe proposed method overcomes the difficulties of the other techniques which assume zero remanence. It is also robust as it is guaranteed to converge to physical solutions. The method can facilitate further development and it formed the preliminary basis of our earlier work, where the variation of the Jiles‐Atherton model parameters with different magnetic field strengths was investigated and applied to the simulation of transformer inrush current.