bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS
Authors: GARCIA CARLOS , CLARK ROBERT E. , BUCHANAN MARK 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a locally aggressive soft tissue sarcoma in which recurrences are common. It usually affects middle‐aged individuals with the most common location being the trunk. Sex distribution varies among published series. Mohs surgery is the treatment of choice. Immunostaining for CD34 facilitates the diagnosis of DFSP and aids in indicating the surgical margins of the tumor; however, the sensitivity of this marker is variable. Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective review of 16 cases of DFSP treated with Mohs surgery at Duke University Medical Center between 1981 and 1994. Clinical and histologic features are analyzed. Immunohistochemical stains for CD34 were performed in one case. Results. Twelve of the 16 patients were women with four younger than 20 years. The most common location was the trunk. No recurrences following Mohs surgery have been documented. The average number of stages during Mohs surgery was 3.3. Surgical wounds were repaired by complex layered closure in 11 cases. Stains for CD34 were negative on the initial biopsy, but were positive on frozen sections. Conclusions. Both sexes and all age groups are affected by DFSP. Mohs surgery is the treatment of choice and offers a significant improvement in cure rates with the cosmetic advantage of smaller postoperative wounds. Immunostains for CD34 appear to be an important adjunct to facilitate tumor removal, but the variable expression of CD34 antigen by DFSP tumors can lead to variable staining patterns.
Testing Household‐Specific Explanations for the Inverse Productivity Relationship
Authors: Assunção Juliano J. , Braido Luis H. B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe inverse relationship between land productivity and farm size is an old and puzzling empirical regularity. Most explanations for this relationship rely on market imperfections that jointly determine the farm size and the household's shadow price of some productive inputs. We use plot‐level data from the ICRISAT/VLS to assess whether these household‐specific theories can explain the puzzle. The data exhibit plots of different sizes being simultaneously cropped by the same household. The inverse relationship is shown to hold true with the same magnitude across the plots of each household, thus cross‐household heterogeneity does not suffice to explain the puzzle.
Goal Attainment Scaling: A Technique for Evaluating Conductive Education
Authors: MacKay Gilbert , McCool Susan , Cheseldine Sally , McCartney Elspeth 
Published: May 2007

Conductive education ‐ how to evaluate it? Is it really impossible for scientists to design the definitive evaluation study? This is a question asked many times by both parents and professionals involved with conductive education. Understandably frustrated by years of controverSy over an approach which was first introduced into this country more than 30 years ago, many looked to the Birmingham project for the answer to the question: is conductive education a good way of educating children with cerebral palsy? Here was a project which had been planned by experts in the field, was funded by the government and was centred on an attempt to transplant conductive education as a complete system into the UK. However, as Bairstow and Cochrane pointed out recently in the BJSE, the teething problems associated with getting the Birmingham Institute running had a knock‐on effect on the evaluation itself and the results raised many more questions than they answered. Ideally, of course, the first Birmingham evaluation should have been viewed as a preparation for a second study which would begin after the first set of conductors had been fully trained and new children recruited.Since it is unlikely that a repeat of the Birmingham project will take place, what are the alternatives? In the papers that follow, two quite different approaches are represented. In the first MacKay and colleagues, from the Faculty of Education Sirathclyde University, describe the beginnings of another large project, based at the Scottish Centre for Children with Motor Impairments. In this project, organ transplant has not been considered. Instead, an attempt is being made to produce a Scottish version of conductive education by the process of grafting. As part of the evaluation project the group is experimenting with a measurement technique, Goal Attainment Scaling, which they describe in detail.In the second paper, Sigafoos etal., from the Fred and Eleanor Schonell Special Education Research Centre, University of Queensland, Australia, take another approach. Rejecting the notion that ‘the whole is more than the sum of the parts’ they assume the examination of component elements of conductive education is worthwhile and have done a small scale study of short term intervention programme. Although purists might argue that neither of these approaches will answer the question ‘Does conductive education work?’ surely the realists among us will concede that pursuit of the Holy Grail must sometimes give way to more practical projects.
Optimal Fiscal Policies, Congestion and Over‐entry*
Authors: Chang Juin‐jen , Hung Hsiao‐wen , Shieh Jhy‐yuan , Lai Ching‐chong 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBy shedding light on market imperfections and the congestion of public goods, we show that free entry in a market equilibrium will lead to excessive entry relative to the social optimum. Moreover, by specifying a generalized congestion function, it is also shown that different fiscal policies, including labor income tax, capital income tax and government expenditure, play a distinct role in terms of remedying market distortions. Specifically, optimal income taxes decrease with the degree of market imperfections in order to remove the monopoly inefficiency, while they increase with the degree of congestion in order to remedy the adverse externality caused by congestion distortion. Since a higher degree of increasing returns to an expansion in the variety of intermediate goods is found to intensify the congestion effect of government infrastructure expenditure, the optimal rule of government expenditure proposed by Barro (1990) should be modified.
SOLDERING ROMAN SILVER PLATE
Authors: LANG JANET , HUGHES MICHAEL J. 
Published: May 2007

Summary. Nineteen Roman silver objects, mainly from the British Museum's collection, with traces of solder, were examined by microscopy and analysed by x‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The results are discussed in relation to work on soldered objects from earlier periods and to the contemporary literary sources which are reviewed, and the solder recipes listed. Pliny's recipes for stagnum, a solder for silver, and the evidence of soldering techniques provided by later texts are discussed in detail.Silver‐tin solders and a silver‐mercury solder have been identified for the first time, and predate their first appearance in the literature. Experiments were made with tin and silver‐tin solders and the results are discussed.
FROM PRECOCITY TO INVOLUTION: THE NEOLITHIC OF CORSICA IN ITS WEST MEDITERRANEAN AND FRENCH CONTEXTS
Authors: LEWTHWAITE JAMES 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThe cultural and economic development of neolithic Corsica falls into two periods. Until the early fourth millennium be the rate of innovation is rapid and the range of contacts extensive but thereafter involution sets in. This paradox cannot be explained in terms of static geographic factors. The author suggests a possible solution: the island acted as a transmitter of cultural and economic innovations which were in the long run better adapted to other regions of the Mediterranean. The postglacial paucity of terrestrial resources would have stimulated maritime activity and the selective adoption of the pastoral sector at the inception of the Neolithic but the typically late neolithic pattern of mixed‐farming villages failed to become established: exploitation of the mature deciduous forest of the climatic optimum appears to have been more important.
HYPOCAUST HEATING IN DOMESTIC ROOMS IN ROMAN BRITAIN
Authors: BLACK E. W. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThe development of hypocausts heating domestic rooms is traced from the late first to the later third century. A category of hypocausta sited adjacent to major rooms and heating them indirectly is referred to in letters of the Younger Pliny and is identified in Romano‐British house plans of the first and second century. The function of domestic rooms with hypocausts and of other rooms in a limited number of houses is discussed.
THE PLACE OF CHRONOLOGICAL STUDIES IN ARCHAEOLOGY A VIEW FROM THE OLD WORLD*
Authors: KRISTIANSEN KRISTIAN 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThis article deals with the univeral problem of chronological versus social change and discusses the methodological foundations and the scientific functions of chronological studies, exemplified by the Nordic Bronze Age, a classic example of the development of a chronological system. First the universal validity of the premises of typology and seriation are questioned. Secondly, there is a discussion of the chronological implications of the many possible relationships between the period of production, the period of use and the period of deposition of artefacts. Thirdly the foundations of chronological change is analysed and finally the place of chronological studies in the research process is discussed.
THE RAW MATERIALS OF EARLY GLASS PRODUCTION
Authors: HENDERSON JULIAN 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThis paper discusses raw materials used in ancient glasses. Following a consideration of some archaeological reasons for studying glass, the discussion concentrates on the evidence provided by chemical analysis of the glass, and focuses on glass from later prehistoric Western Europe. Consideration of the major, minor and trace components of the glass leads to a conclusion that prehistoric glass artisans were able closely to control the addition of small quantities of colorants, opacifiers and clarifiers to the glass melt. Some possible ways of introducing such small quantities of these substances are suggested. A related implication is that glass production in prehistoric Europe was a mainly specialist industry, being part of a ‘high‐status’socio‐economic sphere. When interpreting technical analyses a full consideration of the socio‐economic niche occupied by the glass industry is urged.
PALMETTES ON THE CUIRASS FROMDǎLBOKI
Authors: TAYLOR TIMOTHY 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThe Da&#x030c;lboki cuirass was unearthed from a Thracian grave of the fifth century BC over a hundred years ago but only recently has close inspection revealed the presence of three palmette designs traced on its surface. The chronology of this type of cuirass is re‐assessed.
BARNSLEY PARK VILLA; ITS INTERPRETATION AND IMPLICATIONS
Authors: SMITH J.T. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThe Roman villa at Barnsley Park was interpreted by its excavator as a farm run by a family and a body of workers, its distinctive archaeological features being the division into three yards and the existence of a number of circular structures described as pens. An alternative hypothesis envisages a kin‐group, the ‘pens’ being the houses associated with three farmyards. The three families are presumed to have held and worked the surrounding land in some kind of joint proprietorship. This system became Romanised as a hall‐type villa designed for the occupation of some modified form of the kin‐group.
MYCENAEAN POTTERY FROM CILICIA IN OXFORD
Authors: SHERRATT E. S. , CROUWEL J. H. 
Published: May 2007

Summary. The Ashmolean Museum possesses a small group of Late Mycenaean (Late Helladic IIIC) sherds from Kazanli in Southern Cilicia, which it acquired in 1930. These are of interest since, although similar pottery is known from nearby Tarsus, they appear to be slightly later in date than most of the other pottery from Kazanli recovered by excavation or surface survey. One of them has a pictorial representation of an unusual nature.The appearance of Mycenaean pottery in Cilicia has often been associated with the arrival of Mycenaean settlers (particularly refugee settlers) around 1200 B.C. However, it is doubtful whether the pottery really justifies this interpretation. Where identifiable, the Cilician Mycenaean seems to display closer links with Cyprus and the East Aegean than with the Greek Mainland; and, when other evidence is taken into account, there seems little reason to suppose that it is necessarily the result of colonisation from Mycenaean Greece.
WHO AND WHY IN PALAEOLITHIC ART
Authors: RUSSELL PAMELA 
Published: May 2007

Summary. No consideration has ever been given to the possibility that women may have had a part in the execution of European Upper Palaeolithic art; however, an examination of the history of research in this field suggests that preconceptions, prejudice, and the acceptance of unproved theories have perhaps been responsible for the view that it was a male‐only activity. Some of its so‐called ‘religious’ aspects are reconsidered, and re‐explained from a female perspective in the light of an experimental attempt to reproduce Palaeolithic plaques with superimpositions. The results of this experiment suggest that Palaeolithic art may well have been multipurpose, at least some being illustrative and part of a general visual communication system — perhaps a forerunner of written communication. It seems probable that all members of society, especially women, were involved.
THE ORCE BASIN (ANDALUCÍA, SPAIN) AND THE INITIAL PALAEOLITHIC OF EUROPE
Authors: ROE DEREK A. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryRecent excavations in southern Spain have led to claims that humans were present in this part of Europe much earlier than had been generally believed — perhaps as early as 1.8–1.4 million years ago. The evidence from the Orce basin is summarized and discussed. Initial work at a newly discovered site, Fuentenueva 3a, indicates a good chance that genuine artefacts may indeed be present in early Pleistocene levels. Further excavation at this site can be expected to settle the matter in due course.
WINE, OIL AND THE DIALECTICS OF POWER IN BRONZE AGE CRETE: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE
Authors: HAMILAKIS YANNIS 
Published: May 2007

Summary‘Mediterranean polyculture’(the systematic exploitation of olives and vines in addition to cereals from the beginning of the Bronze Age) has been considered as one of the main factors which led to the development of palatial institutions in Bronze Age Crete and mainland Greece. This paper reviews all the available, direct archaeological evidence for olive and vine exploitation and oil and wine production and use from Bronze Age Crete (microbotanical, macrobotanical, artefactual, epigraphic), discussing at the same time their taphonomic, analytical and interpretative problems. It is suggested that, at present, there is no reliable direct archaeological evidence to substantiate the ‘Mediterranean polyculture’model. More significantly, research on wine and oil, if disconnected from the discourse of subsistence and the cultural‐evolutionary models such as that of subsistence‐redistribution and viewed within the framework of the anthropology of consumption, can more fruitfully illuminate important issues related to the dialects of power such as establishment and legitimation of authority, exploitation of labour and factional competition.
Malathion applied at standard rates reduces fledgling condition and adult male survival in a wild lesser kestrel population
Authors: Ortego J. , Aparicio J. M. , Muñoz A. , Bonal R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe lesser kestrel Falco naumanni is a globally threatened colonial bird that has suffered a generalized population decline in Europe. Recent studies have suggested that the land‐use changes linked to agriculture intensification are the main factors accounting for the population regression. However, there has been little analysis of the role of pesticide applications. In this study, we examined the consequences of a malathion treatment in a wild population of lesser kestrels, specifically its effects on breeding performance, adult survival and population size. We found that the larger the area treated with malathion around the colony, the lower the size and the body condition of the fledglings, although no effects were found on the number of fledged chicks per pair or their sex ratio. Survival of adult males, but not females, was lower in the malathion‐treated areas. These results show that organophosphorus pesticides applied at standard rates might disrupt the lesser kestrel population dynamics by reducing their breeding performance and increasing adult mortality in a sex‐biased way. The proportional area treated around the colony did not affect colony size in the following year, indicating that an increased adult male mortality was not enough to lead to a detectable population size reduction and/or that the arrival of immigrants could have masked it. Both the direct malathion toxic effects and the expected reduction in prey availability due to fumigation are likely to underlie the observed effects. Hence, keeping non‐treated buffer areas around kestrel colony centers should be a strictly applied conservation measure to avoid the observed negative side effects of malathion applications.
Relationship of inbreeding with sperm quality and reproductive success in Mexican gray wolves
Authors: Asa C. , Miller P. , Agnew M. , Rebolledo J. A. R. , Lindsey S. L. , Callahan M. , Bauman K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe ultimate goal of the Mexican gray wolf Canis lupus baileyi captive management program is reintroduction of healthy individuals into wild habitats. To this end, zoo population managers work to provide not only for the physical well‐being but also for the genetic health of these animals. However, the very limited genetic founder base, exacerbated by breeding within three distinct lineages, resulted in very high coefficients of inbreeding. Because support for measurable levels of inbreeding depression in the captive wolf population, as defined by reductions in common fitness measures such as juvenile survival or reproductive success, has been weak, we investigated the potential effects on male reproductive capacity. We analyzed semen samples from wolves from all three lineages and compared them with samples from subsequent lineage crosses and from generic gray wolves. We not only found a significant effect of inbreeding on sperm quality but we related both inbreeding and sperm quality to reproductive success. Samples from male offspring of lineage crosses, with inbreeding coefficients of zero were similar in quality to those from generic gray wolves. However, samples from a limited number of offspring from back‐crosses were of extremely poor quality. Although it is reassuring that sperm quality was so much improved in male offspring of lineage crosses, the concomitant reduction in inbreeding coefficient does not eliminate the potentially deleterious alleles. Our results demonstrate that sperm quality is an important indicator of fertility and reproductive success in Mexican wolves. In addition, our data lend further support to the presence of inbreeding depression in this taxon.
Systematics and conservation of the hook‐billed kite including the island taxa from Cuba and Grenada
Authors: Johnson J. A. , Thorstrom R. , Mindell D. P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTaxonomic uncertainties within the genus Chondrohierax stem from the high degree of variation in bill size and plumage coloration throughout the geographic range of the single recognized species, hook‐billed kite Chondrohierax uncinatus. These uncertainties impede conservation efforts as local populations have declined throughout much of its geographic range from the Neotropics in Central America to northern Argentina and Paraguay, including two island populations on Cuba and Grenada, and it is not known whether barriers to dispersal exist between any of these areas. Here, we present mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; cytochrome B and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) phylogenetic analyses of Chondrohierax, with particular emphasis on the two island taxa (from Cuba, Chondrohierax uncinatus wilsonii and from Grenada, Chondrohierax uncinatus mirus). The mtDNA phylogenetic results suggest that hook‐billed kites on both islands are unique; however, the Cuban kite has much greater divergence estimates (1.8–2.0% corrected sequence divergence) when compared with the mainland populations than does the Grenada hook‐billed kite (0.1–0.3%). Our findings support species status for the Cuban form, as Chondrohierax wilsonii, and subspecific status for the Grenada form. For mainland taxa, we do not find support for the currently recognized subspecies Chondrohierax uncinatus aquilonis in western Mexico, but we do find evidence for a genetic subdivision between populations in Central and South America, a difference previously unsuspected. The results of this study help identify conservation priorities associated with these unique Neotropical raptors. This information is of immediate interest because the Cuban kite has not been reliably seen since 1992, and <50 hook‐billed kites currently inhabit Grenada.
Effects of caffeine on anticipatory control processes: Evidence from a cued task‐switch paradigm
Authors: Tieges Zoë , Snel Jan , Kok Albert , Plat Niels , Ridderinkhof Richard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEffects of caffeine on task switching were studied using ERPs in a cued task‐switch paradigm. The need for advance preparation was manipulated by varying the number of task‐set aspects that required switching. In a double‐blind, within‐subjects experiment, caffeine reduced shift costs compared to placebo. ERPs revealed a negative deflection developing within the preparatory interval, which was larger for shift than for repeat trials. Caffeine increased this shift‐induced difference. Furthermore, shift costs increased as a function of the number of task‐set features to be switched, but this pattern was not modulated by caffeine. The results suggest that caffeine improves task‐switching performance by increasing general effects on task switching, related to task‐nonspecific (rather than task‐specific) anticipatory processes. Caffeine's actions may be mediated by dopaminergic changes in the striatum or anterior cingulate cortex.
A Feather Bed Dictionary: Colonialism and Sexuality
Authors: Milner‐Thornton Juliette 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper I utilise ‘autoethnography’. In dialogue with my white ancestor's Dr Sidney Spencer Kachalola Broomfield's autobiography Kachalola or the Mighty Hunter (1931), I examine his representation of the black female body in Northern Rhodesia (present day Zambia). Broomfield presents the black female body as decadent, demonised and sexualised, accusing it of conquering white men regardless of education, class and religious affiliation. Firstly, I question how the black female body sexuality and reproduction became site of social, political and racial contest and entanglement and contradictorily also the site of collaboration between white and black men; secondly, I examine the ongoing legacies of Broomfield's representation.