bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal studies of bipolar patients and their families: translating findings to advance individualized risk prediction, treatment and research
Authors: Duffy Anne , Grof Paul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Bipolar disorder is a broad diagnostic construct associated with significant phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity challenging progress in clinical practice and discovery research. Prospective studies of well-characterized patients and their family members have identified lithium responsive (LiR) and lithium non-responsive (LiNR) subtypes that hold promise for advancement.

Method
In this narrative review, relevant observations from published longitudinal studies of well-characterized bipolar patients and their families spanning six decades are highlighted. DSM diagnoses based on SADS-L interviews were decided in blind consensus reviews by expert clinicians. Genetic, neurobiological, and psychosocial factors were investigated in subsets of well-characterized probands and adult relatives. Systematic maintenance trials of lithium, antipsychotics, and lamotrigine were carried out. Clinical profiles that included detailed histories of the clinical course, symptom sets and disorders segregating in families were documented. Offspring of LiR and LiNR families were repeatedly assessed up to 20 years using KSADS-PL format interviews and DSM diagnoses and sub-threshold symptoms were decided by expert clinicians in blind consensus reviews using all available clinical and research data.

Results
A characteristic clinical profile differentiated bipolar patients who responded to lithium stabilization from those who did not. The LiR subtype was characterized by a recurrent fully remitting course predominated by depressive episodes and a positive family history of episodic remitting mood disorders, and not schizophrenia. Response to lithium clustered in families and the characteristic clinical profile predicted lithium response, with the episodic remitting course being a strong correlate. There is accumulating evidence that genetic and neurobiological markers differ between LiR and LiNR subtypes. Further, offspring of bipolar parents subdivided by lithium response differed in developmental history, clinical antecedents and early course of mood disorders. Moreover, the nature of the emergent course bred true from parent to offspring, independent of the nature of emergent psychopathology.

Conclusions
Bipolar disorders are heterogeneous and response to long-term lithium is associated with a familial subtype with characteristic course, treatment response, family history and likely pathogenesis. Incorporating distinctive clinical profiles that index valid bipolar subtypes into routine practice and research will improve patient outcomes and advance the development and translation of novel treatment targets to improve prevention and early intervention.
A proposed analytic rubric for consecutive interpreting assessment: implications for similar contexts
Authors: Shafiei Shilan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to develop an analytic assessment rubric for the consecutive interpreting course in the educational setting in the Iranian academic context. To this end, the general procedure of rubric development, including data preparation, selection, and refinement, was applied. The performance criteria were categorized into content, form, and delivery. Two groups of participants, experts, and students were recruited to establish the rubric’s validity and reliability. Based on the statistical analysis, the developed analytic rubric was established as a valid tool for use in the Iranian academic context of consecutive interpreting assessment. The proposed rubric may provide novice trainers with a more objective and systematic tool for consecutive interpreting assessments.
Residence-based inequalities in overweight/obesity in sub-Saharan Africa: a multivariate non-linear decomposition analysis
Authors: Atsu Priscilla , Mohammed Aliu , Adu Collins , Aboagye Richard Gyan , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Overweight/obesity remains a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and their associated morbidities and mortalities. Yet, limited studies have comprehensively examined factors contributing to the rural–urban disparities in overweight/obesity among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, our study sought to decompose the rural–urban disparities in overweight/obesity among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using nationally representative datasets.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of 23 sub-Saharan African countries conducted from 2015 to 2022. A sample of 177,329 women was included in the analysis. Percentages with confidence intervals (CIs) were used to summarize the prevalence of overweight/obesity per rural–urban strata and pooled level. A multivariate non-linear decomposition analysis was used to identify the factors contributing to the rural–urban disparities in overweight/obesity. The results were presented using coefficients and percentages.

Results
The pooled prevalence of overweight/obesity among the women was higher in urban areas (38.9%; 95% CI = 38.2–39.6) than rural areas (19.1%; 95% CI = 18.7–19.6). This pattern was observed in all the countries surveyed, except in South Africa, where women in rural areas (53.1%; 95% CI = 50.0–56.4) had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity than those in urban areas (46.0%; 95% CI = 43.2–48.9). Approximately 54% of the rural–urban disparities in overweight/obesity was attributable to the differences in the women’s characteristics or explanatory variables. More than half of the rural–urban disparities in overweight/obesity would be reduced if the disparities in women’s characteristics were levelled. Among the women’s characteristics, frequency of watching television (29.03%), wealth index (26.59%), and level of education (9.40%) explained approximately 65% of the rural–urban differences in overweight/obesity.

Conclusion
The prevalence of overweight/obesity among women in SSA remains high and skewed towards women in urban areas. Increased frequency of watching television, high wealth index, and higher educational attainment contributed largely to the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity among women in SSA. Thus, interventions aimed at reducing overweight/obesity among women in SSA could be targeted at reducing the frequency of television watching as well as promoting physical activities among wealthy women and those with higher education, particularly in urban areas.
Comparison of immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides and soluble dietary fibers and adsorption capacities of insoluble dietary fibers extracted from Lentinus edodes stipes
Authors: Sun Yujiao , Li Baobao , Xue Yuanye , Wang Jiankang , Miao Bingbing , Liu Yang , Li Yanjun , Cao Yungang , Chang Dawei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStipes are the major waste from the processing of Lentinus edodes. To make full use of L. edodes stipes (LES), different fractions of LES polysaccharides (LESPs) were first obtained by water extraction and gradient ethanol precipitation. Afterwards, the LES residues were treated with an optimal combination of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the preparation of soluble/insoluble dietary fibers (LESS/LESI) using the response surface methodology and the Box-Behnken design. Subsequently, the in vitro immunomodulatory activity of LESPs and LESS, as well as the adsorption capacities of LESI were evaluated. The results showed that LESPs were neutral polysaccharides, mainly containing glucose. The optimal parameters for modifying the residues of LES were the followings: 4% (w/w) A. niger, 8% (w/w) S. cerevisiae, 31 ℃, 3 d, and a solid–liquid ratio of 1:12.5 in a yield of 14.73%/82.45% of LESS/LESI, respectively. The in vitro immunomodulatory activity assays revealed that LESPs and LESS had potent immunostimulatory activity to increase phagocytosis, acid phosphatase activity and nitric oxide production of RAW264.7 murine cell macrophages. The evaluation of adsorption capacities revealed that LESI owned stronger water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and water swelling capacity. This research could provide an effective way to fully utilize discarded L. edodes stipes with high added-value.
Graphical Abstract
An effective strategy was built to fully utilize discarded L. edodes stipes by preparing polysaccharides (LESPs-20, LESPs-50 and LESPs-80), soluble and insoluble dietary fibers (LESS/LESI). Their products showed immunomodulatory activity and adsorption capacities.
Houseplant leaf classification system based on deep learning algorithms
Authors: Hama Hersh M. , Abdulsamad Taib Sh. , Omer Saman M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBotanical experts are typically relied upon to classify houseplants since even subtle differences in characteristics such as leaves can distinguish one species from another. Therefore, an automated system for recognizing houseplant leaves with accuracy and reliability becomes a valuable asset for the identification of indoor plant species. In this paper, a houseplant leaf classification system utilizing deep learning algorithms is proposed, which has been improved to effectively classify and identify a variety of houseplant leaf types. The system uses the ResNet-50 architecture based on convolutional neural network to analyze features of the leaf images and extract relevant information for classification. In addition, this work presents a newly constructed local dataset consisting of 2500 images to classify species of houseplant leaves. The dataset includes ten types of houseplant leaves that are suitable for cultivation in various climates at home. The dataset was augmented using data augmentation algorithms to increase its size and reduce overfitting. The developed system was training and testing using a local dataset. To evaluate the improved model, comparative experiments were conducted utilizing pre-trained models (original ResNet-50 and MobileNet_v2). The improved model revealed recognition accuracy of 99% with the augmented dataset and 98.60% without the augmentation, affirming its effectiveness. The improved model could potentially be used in various fields, including horticulture, plant pathology, and environmental monitoring to identify plant species.
Evaluating the effect of artificial intelligence on pharmaceutical product and drug discovery in China
Authors: Sampene Agyemang Kwasi , Nyirenda Fatuma 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe pharmaceutical sector has recently witnessed a transformative improvement and shift toward artificial intelligence (AI) in its drug and pharmaceutical delivery process and procedures. Hence, this research delves into the benefits and obstacles pharmaceutical firms face in utilizing AI in China. Globally, China is recognized as a dominant pillar in research and development in the pharmaceutical industry. The country has incorporated AI approaches and technologies to improve the drug industry’s cost, efficiency and development. Therefore, this study applies the case study method and evaluation of prior studies to assess AI’s potential benefits and challenges in the drug and pharmaceutical enterprises. The research provided an in-depth evaluation of AI in the various phases of the drug discovery process. The research outcome indicated that AI’s benefits include drug repurposing, target identification, clinical trial optimization, quality assurance, and control and efficient drug distribution method. However, the analysis revealed that China faces several challenges that impact the pace and extent of integration of AI in its pharmaceutical industry. These challenges include a lack of standardized data, a shortage of skilled labor or professionals, and data and privacy concerns. In addition, the research provides three case studies that focused on f XtalPi-AI-Enhanced Drug Discover, BioMap: Accelerating Drug Development Through AI and iCarbonX: AI-Driven Precision Medicine and provided a comprehensive analysis of how these firms have used AI to stimulate their drug discovery process. The study also provides policies that can help improve the integration of AI in the pharmaceutical and drug delivery process.
Evaluation of the Thiazide Challenge Test to Differentiate Primary From Hypercalciuria-Related Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Verly Ewout , Lapauw Bruno , Verroken Charlotte 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and secondary hyperparathyroidism due to idiopathic hypercalciuria (SHPT-IH) is markedly different. Robust diagnostic tools to differentiate between both entities are however lacking.

Objective
Evaluate the thiazide challenge test (TCT) in clinical practice, its aid in clinical decision making, and evaluate the accuracy (sensitivity, specificity) and potentially useful parameters of the TCT.

Methods
Monocentric observational retrospective cohort study from January 2017 to November 2023 in an outpatient Endocrinology department, Ghent University Hospital (Belgium). Twenty-five adult patients with hypercalciuria, elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH), and high-normal or elevated serum calcium underwent a TCT. Outcome measures were serum, urinary biochemical parameters before and after testing, clinical and imaging outcomes, treatment, and follow-up.

Results
Patients with a TCT-based working diagnosis of PHPT show greater increases in albumin-adjusted calcium and total serum calcium concentration than patients with SHPT-IH (+0.11 ± 0.10 vs +0.0071 ± 0.10 mmol/L; P = .025 and +0.14 ± 0.12 vs +0.012 ± 0.15 mmol/L; P = .024, respectively). The TCT-based working diagnosis of PHPT has a sensitivity of 81.8%, a specificity of 77.8%, and a likelihood ratio of 3.68 of estimating a correct final diagnosis. Urinary calcium excretion, PTH, calcium–phosphorous ratio, PTH inhibition rate, and the parathyroid function index do not differ significantly in patients with PHPT compared with those with SHPT-IH.

Conclusion
The TCT aids in discriminating patients with PHPT from those with SHPT-IH based on a rise in serum calcium. Other parameters are not different between both groups. Larger prospective trials are necessary to further define the diagnostic potential of the TCT, its most appropriate biochemical outcome variables, and decision cut-offs.
Opposing Effects of Cannabidiol in Patient-derived Neuroendocrine Tumor, Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma Primary Cultures
Authors: Wang Katharina , Schober Laura , Fischer Alessa , Bechmann Nicole , Maurer Julian , Peischer Lea , Reul Astrid , Hantel Constanze , Reincke Martin , Beuschlein Felix , Robledo Mercedes , Mohr Hermine , Pellegata Natalia S , Schilbach Katharina , Knösel Thomas , Ilmer Matthias , Angele Martin , Kroiss Matthias , Maccio Umberto , Broglie-Däppen Martina , Vetter Diana , Lehmann Kuno , Pacak Karel , Grossman Ashley B , Auernhammer Christoph J , Zitzmann Kathrin , Nölting Svenja 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Treatment options for advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are still limited. In recent years, antitumor effects of cannabinoids have been reported; however, there are only very limited data available in NETs or PPGLs.

Objective
Investigation of the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on patient-derived human NET/PPGL primary cultures and on NET/PPGL cell lines.

Methods
We established primary cultures derived from 46 different patients with PPGLs (n = 35) or NETs (n = 11) who underwent tumor resection at 2 centers. Treatment of patient primary cultures with clinically relevant doses (5 µM) and slightly higher doses (10 µM) of CBD was performed.

Results
We found opposing effects of 5 µM CBD: significant antitumor effects in 5/35 (14%) and significant tumor-promoting effects in 6/35 (17%) of PPGL primary cultures. In terms of antitumor effects, cluster 2-related PPGLs showed significantly stronger responsivity to CBD compared to cluster 1-related PPGLs (P = .042). Of the cluster 2-related tumors, NF1 PPGLs showed the strongest responsivity (4/5 PPGL primary cultures with a significant decrease in cell viability were NF1-mutated). We also found opposing effects of 10 µM CBD in PPGLs and NETs: significant antitumor effects in 9/33 of PPGL (27%) and 3/11 of NET (27%) primary cultures and significant tumor-promoting effects in 6/33 of PPGL (18%) and 2/11 of NET (18%) primary cultures.

Conclusion
We suggest a potential novel treatment option for some NETs/PPGLs but also provide evidence for caution when applying cannabinoids as supportive therapy for pain or appetite management to cancer patients and possibly as health supplements.
Behavioral Consistency in Economics and Sociology: Thomas Schelling and Social Interactionists on Commitment, 1956–69
Authors: Fontaine Philippe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The concept of commitment has achieved a significant presence across US postwar social science, enjoying increased visibility from the mid-1950s. Economists insist that commitment is the result of a decision to bind oneself to a line of action; they use the concept to express the centrality of individual agency even when it comes to renouncing alternatives. Sociologists see it more as a consequence of one's decision being subjected to social-structural forces. They resort to the concept to show that engagement in a consistent line of action stems from decisions that are inevitably embedded. These differences notwithstanding, economists and sociologists converged on a definition of commitment as the closing off of particular courses of action and the maintenance of consistent behavior over time, intentionally or unintentionally. As they conceptualized commitment, Thomas Schelling, Howard Becker, Erving Goffman, and Jessie Bernard incorporated extradisciplinary insights and transformed them to suit their own disciplinary framework. In so doing, they tilted the existing balance between personal agency and social structure, as found in economics and sociology, and helped create a form of knowledge that contributes to a more general understanding of social interactions.
“Much-Abused Luke”
Authors: Knapp Caleb 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis essay revisits a familiar but seldom discussed anecdote of same-sex sexual abuse in the archive of Atlantic slavery: the story of Luke in Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861). Through a close reading of Luke’s story, the article advances three claims: (1) the history of slavery is also a history of same-sex sexual terror, (2) the sexual terror of slavery included reproductive sexual violence but was not limited to it, and (3) Incidents is ultimately a story about sexual terror and protest against it in the form of fugitivity. In making these arguments, the article intervenes into current conversations in the feminist historiography of slavery, capitalism, and reproduction and contributes to emerging work on same-sex sexual relations in the context of enslavement. It closes with a short reflection on the stakes of Luke’s story for historiography on sexuality.
Prevalence of brucellosis in Pakistan with reference to South Asia and Middle East: A comparative review
Authors: Ahmad M , Akhtar R , Altaf I , Bhutta ZA , Farhab M 
Published: April 2024

Brucellosis is a well-known zoonotic disease that causes serious health-related issues both in the humans and livestock population of the world. The prevalence of this disease has been increased significantly especially in developing and under-developed countries for the last few decades because of religious, socioeconomic, political and sanitary concerns. Lack of resources, local awareness, sufficient laboratory support, effective control strategies, and proper vaccination programs are yet other factors contributing to the spread of this disease. Because of high zoonotic potential Brucella species pose a significant threat to the human population involved in handling, rearing, and consumption of contaminated dairy products. The economy of many countries in the world mostly depends upon the rearing of the healthy and high-yielding livestock population. This disease causes notable economic losses in terms of low production, abortion followed by low fertility and repeat breeding. This review includes generalizing information regarding economic losses and public health issues caused by brucellosis in different countries of the world.
Effect of α-Tocopherol, Storage Temperature and Storage Time on Quality Characteristics and Oxidative Stability of Chicken Kavurma, traditional Turkish cooked meat product
Authors: Nacak B , Dikici A , Yel N , Zaimoğulları K , İpek G , Özer M 
Published: April 2024

During storage of meat products, 4°C storage temperature is recommended however temperature in retails could rise to 15°C and maintaining quality of products becomes a challenge at higher temperatures. Thus, the aim of present study was determining the effects of antioxidant usage and storage temperature on some quality characteristics and lipid oxidation stability of chicken kavurma during 4-month storage at 4°C and 10°C. For this purpose, two different kavurma sample (C: without antioxidant, A:with 300 ppm α-tocopherol) were stored at 4°C and 10°C. Chemical composition, salt, texture profile analysis, color and lipid oxidation (peroxide values and TBARS values) of samples were monitored. Using α-tocopherol in formulation did not affect the chemical composition and texture of samples, all parameters were found within standards. Storage time has significant influence on pH, color and lipid oxidation of samples. Using α-tocopherol and higher storage temperature resulted higher peroxide values. During 4-month storage, lipid oxidation results significantly increased, the lowest TBARS value was found in 4A sample. Storage temperature affected only a* values while antioxidant usage affected only b* values of samples. As a result, using 300 ppm α-tocopherol can help maintaining quality and oxidative stability of chicken kavurma sold in retails.
Prevention of sexual violence and domestic abuse through a university bystander intervention programme: learning from a UK feasibility study
Authors: Barter Christine , Bracewell Kelly , Farrelly Nicole , Clelland Allyson K. , Chantler Khatidja 
Published: April 2024

In response to evidence documenting the scale and impact of sexual violence (SV) and domestic abuse (DA) in universities, Universities UK (2016) recommend implementation of a UK based bystander programme, The Intervention Initiative (TII), as a key prevention strategy. However, a recent UK review (Gaffney et al, 2023) concluded that no studies have addressed implementation issues for university-based bystander programmes. Our study explored what is required for implementation of the TII in a UK university, rather than intervention effectiveness. The intervention was delivered to undergraduate students across three school cohorts: medicine, social work and sports coaching.
The study draws on pre- and post-intervention surveys to explore SV and DA knowledge, attitudes, and bystander skills. Focus groups or individual interviews with students (n=11) and staff facilitators (n=10) explored experiences of implementation, delivery and participation. Students reported positive changes across several areas and some evidence of immediate impact on behaviours, suggesting potential for wider implementation across university contexts. Barriers included professionalisation of the application of the bystander intervention, resistance to an underpinning gendered evidence base and a lack of diversity and relatability in programme materials.