bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comments on the Solvency II Risk Margin and proposed amendments
Authors: Waszink Hans 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Risk Margin under Solvency II is determined as the cost of holding capital over the lifetime of liabilities, whereby future costs are discounted to the valuation date at risk-free rates. An implicit assumption of the current method is that the Risk Margin should allow for new capital to be raised after the occurrence of losses no larger than required capital. Using “Cost of Capital” as general valuation method, various approaches are discussed, giving rise to several alternative calculation methods of the Risk Margin. A comparison is made with the adjustment proposed by EIOPA in 2020 and also an approach is explored where future capital raisings are treated as contingent commitments. Each of the approaches discussed can be justified on its own merits in the context of Solvency II legislation, and leads to substantially different results for liabilities with long durations. Therefore, a more precise specification of the function of the Risk Margin and underlying assumptions is desirable.
South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS) II – a multi-country evaluation of nutrition and lifestyle indicators in children aged 12 years and below: rationale and design
Authors: Tan Serene Yaling , Poh Bee Koon , Sekartini Rini , Rojroongwasinkul Nipa , Tran Thuy Nga , Wong Jyh Eiin , Novita Chandra Dian , Pongcharoen Tippawan , Tran Khanh Van , Actis-Goretta Lucas , Vonk Marlotte M , Ng Swee Ai , Parikh Panam , Khouw Ilse ,   SEANUTS II Study Group
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To assess the nutritional status, growth parameters and lifestyle behaviours of children between 0·5 and 12 years in nationally representative samples in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam.

Design:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the four countries, between May 2019 and April 2021. Data collected can be categorised into four categories: (1) Growth – anthropometry, body composition, development disorder, (2) nutrient intake and dietary habits – 24-h dietary recall, child food habits, breast-feeding and complementary feeding, (3) socio-economic status – food insecurity and child health status/environmental and (4) lifestyle behaviours – physical activity patterns, fitness, sunlight exposure, sleep patterns, body image and behavioural problems. Blood samples were also collected for biochemical and metabolomic analyses. With the pandemic emerging during the study, a COVID-19 questionnaire was developed and implemented.

Setting:
Both rural and urban areas in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam.

Participants:
Children who were well, with no physical disability or serious infections/injuries and between the age of 0·5 and 12 years old, were recruited.

Results:
The South East Asian Nutrition Surveys II recruited 13 933 children. Depending on the country, data collection from children was conducted in schools and commune health centres, or temples, or sub-district administrative organisations.

Conclusions:
The results will provide up-to-date insights into nutritional status and lifestyle behaviours of children in the four countries. Subsequently, these data will facilitate exploration of potential gaps in dietary intake among Southeast Asian children and enable local authorities to plan future nutrition and lifestyle intervention strategies.
Jordan Pascoe’s Kant’s Theory of Labour: A Kantian Engagement
Authors: Varden Helga 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article critiques Jordan Pascoe’s Kant’s Theory of Labour (CUP 2022). After outlining some of its many distinctive contributions, I consider Pascoe’s ideas on women, marriage, method, and the challenges involved in engaging with (classical) texts that express various ‘isms’. In addition to giving readers an introduction to many of the exciting ideas presented in the book, my aim is to stimulate further discussion of the kind all excellent books strive to create.
Kant on the Conceptual Possibility of Actually Infinite Tota Synthetica
Authors: Chaplin Rosalind 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMost interpreters hold that Kant rejects actually infinite tota synthetica as conceptually impossible. This view is attributed to Kant to relieve him of the charge that the first antinomy’s thesis argument presupposes transcendental idealism. I argue that important textual evidence speaks against this view, and Kant in fact affirms the conceptual possibility of actually infinite tota synthetica. While this means the first antinomy may not be decisive as an indirect argument for idealism, it gives us a better account of how our ideas of the unconditioned generate the antinomies, and it allows us to see important and often overlooked elements in Kant’s account of the infinite.
FLUID INJECTION IN A POROUS MEDIUM: THE RADIAL SAFFMAN–TAYLOR INSTABILITY
Authors: COOK SIENNA E. , FORBES LARRY K. , WALTERS STEPHEN J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe consider planar flow involving two viscous fluids in a porous medium. One fluid is injected through a line source at the origin and moves radially outwards, pushing the second, ambient fluid outwards. There is an interface between the two fluids and if the inner injected fluid is of lower viscosity, the interface is unstable to small disturbances and radially directed unstable Saffman–Taylor fingers are produced. A linearized theory is presented and is compared with nonlinear results obtained using a numerical spectral method. An additional theory is also discussed, in which the sharp interface is replaced with a narrow diffuse interfacial region. We show that the nonlinear results are in close agreement with the linearized theory for small-amplitude disturbances at early times, but that large-amplitude fingers develop at later times and can even detach completely from the initial injection region.
Continuum of care in maternal and child health in Indonesia
Authors: Rammohan Anu , Goli Srinivas , Chu Hoi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This paper aims to empirically analyze the socioeconomic and demographic correlates of maternal and child health (MCH) care utilization in Indonesia using the continuum of care (CoC) concept.

Background:
The concept of CoC has emerged as an important guiding principle in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health. Indonesia’s maternal mortality rate, neonatal mortality, and under-five mortality rates are among the highest in the Southeast Asian region.

Methods:
Using pooled data from four successive waves of the nationally representative Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) conducted in the years 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017, we use multivariate regression models to analyze care across four components of the continuum: antenatal care (ANC), institutional delivery, postnatal care for children, and full immunization (IM).

Findings:
CoC at each stage of MCH care has improved continuously over the period 2002–2017 in Indonesia. Despite this, just less than one out of two children receive all four components of the CoC. The overall coverage of CoC from its second stage (four or more ANC visits) to the final stage (full child IM) is driven by the dropouts at the ANC visit stage, followed by the loss of postnatal checkups and child IM. We find that the probability of a child receiving CoC at each of the four stages is significantly associated with maternal age and education, the household’s socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, and economic status.

Conclusion:
Complete CoC with improved, affordable, and accessible MCH care services has the potential to accelerate the progress of Sustainable Development Goal 3 by reducing maternal and childhood mortality risks. Our findings show that in Indonesia, the CoC continuously declines as women proceed from ANC to other MCH services, with a sharp decline observed after four ANC visits. Our study has identified key socioeconomic characteristics of women and children that increase their probability of failing to access care.
Provisional justice in protracted conflicts: The place of temporality in bridging the international humanitarian law and transitional justice divide
Authors: Moffett Luke , Narayan Nikhil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
2024 will mark seventy-five years since the adoption of the 1949 Geneva Conventions. Despite the drafters’ efforts to mitigate the worst horrors of armed conflict, contemporary conflicts continue to witness the death and suffering of millions. This raises fundamental concerns over the ability of international law to alleviate the harm caused to those caught up in armed conflict, to redress violations and to prevent their recurrence. In international policy, international humanitarian law (IHL) is increasingly intertwined with transitional justice and in particular its emphasis on the centrality of human rights. This article focuses on the intersection between IHL and transitional justice in protracted conflicts, interrogating their increasing overlaps, complementary intersections and even tensions. In particular, the article examines the importance of the temporal dimensions of humanity and justice in prevention of violations. In doing so, the article concentrates on the impact of time on those harmed by armed conflict and the repercussions this has on the law and justice efforts. The article argues that time can be weaponized to frustrate accountability and prevent interference with belligerents’ behaviour. Victims in war cannot wait until the end of fighting to seek the recovery of the remains of their loved ones, for those responsible to be brought to justice, and for redress of their continuing suffering. Indeed, such delays amount to violations of victims’ right to an effective remedy and fail to stop the continuation of violations or the re-victimization of civilians and their communities. The article suggests the need for “provisional justice”, whereby, in the increasing number of situations of protracted conflict, efforts to redress conflict-related violations should be, at least in part, dealt with at the time, rather than waiting until the end of hostilities, so as to mitigate harm to victims and to correct belligerents’ behaviour in order to prevent recurrence.
Orbital- and millennial-scale Asian winter monsoon variability across the Pliocene–Pleistocene glacial intensification
Authors: Ao Hong , Liebrand Diederik , Dekkers Mark J. , Roberts Andrew P. , Jonell Tara N. , Jin Zhangdong , Song Yougui , Liu Qingsong , Sun Qiang , Li Xinxia , Huang Chunju , Qiang Xiaoke , Zhang Peng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntensification of northern hemisphere glaciation (iNHG), ~2.7 million years ago (Ma), led to establishment of the Pleistocene to present-day bipolar icehouse state. Here we document evolution of orbital- and millennial-scale Asian winter monsoon (AWM) variability across the iNHG using a palaeomagnetically dated centennial-resolution grain size record between 3.6 and 1.9 Ma from a previously undescribed loess-palaeosol/red clay section on the central Chinese Loess Plateau. We find that the late Pliocene–early Pleistocene AWM was characterized by combined 41-kyr and ~100-kyr cycles, in response to ice volume and atmospheric CO2 forcing. Northern hemisphere ice sheet expansion, which was accompanied by an atmospheric CO2 concentration decline, substantially increased glacial AWM intensity and its orbitally oscillating amplitudes across the iNHG. Superposed on orbital variability, we find that millennial AWM intensity fluctuations persisted during both the warmer (higher-CO2) late Pliocene and colder (lower-CO2) early Pleistocene, in response to both external astronomical forcing and internal climate dynamics.
Experimental exploration of fracture behavior (pure mode III) in eco-friendly steel fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete with waste tempered glass as coarse aggregates
Authors: Pournoori Pooyan , Davarpanah T.Q. Amirhossein , Rajaee Arash , Ghodratnama Morteza , Abrishami Saeed , Masoodi Amir R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo aid in the creation of sustainable structures, scientists have utilized waste materials found in the environment to serve as alternatives for traditional resources in the construction sector. They have undertaken extensive investigations pertaining to this matter. In this particular study, tempered glass as waste glass coarse aggregate (WGCA) was substituted for natural coarse aggregate (NCA) at varying proportions of 15%, 30%, and 45% in the formulation of eco-friendly self-compacting concrete (SCC), combined with hooked-end steel fibers (SFs) at various volumes. The study assessed concrete’s flowability, permeability, compressive strength, and fracture parameters at 28 and 56 days. A total of 240 edge-notched disc bending samples (ENDB) and 60 cubic samples (150 × 150 mm) were tested to assess fracture resilience and compressive strength, respectively. The results showed that increasing SF and WGCA content reduced slump flow diameter and blockage ratio, particularly at higher levels. The solidified characteristics of all specimens incorporating SF and WGCA displayed heightened attributes when contrasted with the reference sample. Among the entire array of specimens, WG15SF0.5 and WG30SF0.5 exhibited the most superior performance, demonstrating an average percentage elevation of 20.29 and 27.63 in both compressive strength and fracture toughness assessments across the different curing periods. SF had the most significant impact on post-cracking behavior by enhancing load-bearing capacity through a bridging fiber mechanism. Through a comparison of the influence of SFs and WGCA on the fracture toughness of pure mode III, it was observed that the inclusion of SF in samples with a 30% replacement of WGCA resulted in an average increase of approximately 15.48% and 11.1% in this mode at the ages of 28 and 56 days, respectively, compared to the control sample.
Synthesis, structural, molecular docking, and in vitro biological activities of Cu-doped ZnO nanomaterials
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed F. , Aboulthana Wael M. , Sherief Marwa A. , El-Bassyouni Gehan T. , Mousa Sahar M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCopper-doped ZnO nanoparticles with the formula Zn1−x(Cu)O, where x = 0.0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 were produced using the co-precipitation process. Physical, chemical, and structural properties were properly examined. Powdered X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) patterns revealed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure in all samples, through atomic substitutional incorporation in the Cu-doped ZnO lattice. The presence of Cu ions and their dissolution in the host ZnO crystal structure was supported by FT-IR spectra. HR-TEM images were used to assess the average size, morphology, and shape regularity of the synthesized samples. The form and homogeneity of the ZnO changed when Cu ions were substituted, as evidenced by FE-SEM/EDX analysis. The presence of copper signals in the Cu-doped samples indicates that the doping was successful. The decrease in zeta potential with an increased copper doping percentage designates that the nanoparticles (NPs) are more stable, which could be attributed to an increase in the ionic strength of the aqueous solution. The synthesized NPs were evaluated for their substantial in vitro antioxidant properties. In addition, the antimicrobial efficacy of the materials was tested against pathogenic microorganisms. Regarding the anti-diabetic activity, the 7Cu ZnO sample showed the highest inhibitory effect on the α-amylase enzyme. No variations were observed in the activities of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) and proteinase enzymes with ZnO and samples doped with different concentrations of Cu. Therefore, further studies are recommended to reveal the in-vitro anti-diabetic activity of the studied doped samples. Finally, molecular docking provided valuable insights into the potential binding interactions of Cu-doped ZnO with α-amylase, FabH ofE. coli, and Penicillin-binding proteins ofS. aureus. These outcomes suggest that the prepared materials may have an inhibitory effect on enzymes and hold promise in the battle against microbial infections and diabetes.
Diverse effects of a Cyperus rotundus extract on glucose uptake in myotubes and adipocytes and its suppression on adipocyte maturation
Authors: Pichetkun Vipawee , Khine Hnin Ei Ei , Srifa Suchada , Nukulkit Sasiwimon , Nuengchamnong Nitra , Hansapaiboon Supakarn , Saenmuangchin Rattaporn , Chaotham Chatchai , Chansriniyom Chaisak 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCyperus rotundus rhizomes have been used in longevity remedies in Thailand for nourishing good health, which led us to investigate the effect on energy homeostasis, especially glucose utilization in myotubes and adipocytes, and on inhibition of lipogenesis in adipocytes. The results showed that an ethyl acetate extract of C. rotundus rhizomes (ECR) containing 1.61%w/w piceatannol, with a half-maximal concentration of 17.76 ± 0.03 μg/mL in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, caused upregulation and cell-membrane translocation of glucose transporters GLUT4 and 1 in L6 myotubes but downregulation and cytoplasmic localization of GLUT4 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and was related to the p-Akt/Akt ratio in both cells, especially at 100 μg/mL. Moreover, ECR (25–100 μg/mL) significantly inhibited lipid accumulation via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), and Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK) pathways. Its immunoblot showed increased expression of p-AMPKα/AMPKα and p-ACC/ACC but decreased expression of p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK3β/GSK3β in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, the decreased expression of the adipogenic effectors, perilipin1 and lipoprotein lipase, in ECR-incubated adipocytes (50 and 100 μg/mL) indicated reduced de novo lipogenesis. Our study elucidated mechanisms of C. rotundus that help attenuate glucose tolerance in skeletal muscle and inhibit lipid droplet accumulation in adipose tissue.
An inversion problem for optical spectrum data via physics-guided machine learning
Authors: Park Hwiwoo , Park Jun H. , Hwang Jungseek 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe propose the regularized recurrent inference machine (rRIM), a novel machine-learning approach to solve the challenging problem of deriving the pairing glue function from measured optical spectra. The rRIM incorporates physical principles into both training and inference and affords noise robustness, flexibility with out-of-distribution data, and reduced data requirements. It effectively obtains reliable pairing glue functions from experimental optical spectra and yields promising solutions for similar inverse problems of the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind.
Sulfate: a neglected (but potentially highly relevant) anion
Authors: den Bakker Emil , Smith Desiree E.C. , Finken Martijn J.J. , Wamelink Mirjam M.C. , Salomons Gajja S. , van de Kamp Jiddeke M. , Bökenkamp Arend 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sulfate is an important anion as sulfonation is essential in modulation of several compounds, such as exogens, polysaccharide chains of proteoglycans, cholesterol or cholesterol derivatives and tyrosine residues of several proteins. Sulfonation requires the presence of both the sulfate donor 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) and a sulfotransferase. Genetic disorders affecting sulfonation, associated with skeletal abnormalities, impaired neurological development and endocrinopathies, demonstrate the importance of sulfate. Yet sulfate is not measured in clinical practice. This review addresses sulfate metabolism and consequences of sulfonation defects, how to measure sulfate and why we should measure sulfate more often.
Optimizing secure power allocation in massive MIMO systems with an eavesdropper under imperfect CSI conditions
Authors: Gharagezlou Abdolrasoul Sakhaei , Nangir Mahdi , Imani Nima 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses the operation of a massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) system from a different perspective. The system is performed in the presence of an eavesdropper who is trying to disrupt the message being transmitted between the base station (BS) and the users. An attempt has been made to maximize the secure energy efficiency (EE) of the system by allocating appropriate power to each user. The channel state information (CSI) between users and the BS is considered imperfect and the employed precoding scheme is the zero forcing (ZF). The CSI related to the eavesdropper is considered to be perfect and its precoding is assumed to be the maximum ratio transmission (MRT). The problem of optimization that is for maximizing the EE has two constraints including the maximum transmission power and the minimum user data rate. To improve the performance of system, the cell division technique is applied, which results in approaching the performance of system to the without eavesdropper scenario. Five various scenarios have been investigated in this research, and it is proved that the proposed method improves the system performance in all cases. The numerical and simulation results obtained from implementation of the proposed algorithm confirm the claim.
Evaluating transient behaviour of large‐scale photovoltaic systems during lightning events using enhanced finite difference time domain method with variable cell size approach
Authors: Hetita Ibrahim , Mansour Diaa‐Eldin A. , Han Yang , Yang Ping , Wang Congling , Darwish Mohamed M. F. , Lehtonen Matti , Zalhaf Amr S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV) arrays are usually installed in open areas; hence, they are vulnerable to lightning strikes that can result in cell degradation, complete damage, service disruption, and increased maintenance costs. As a result, it is imperative to develop an effective and efficient lightning protection system by evaluating the transient behaviour of PV arrays during lightning events. The aim is to evaluate the transient analysis of large‐scale PV systems when subjected to lightning strikes using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. Transient overvoltages are calculated at various points within the mounting system. To optimise the FDTD method's execution time and make it more suitable for less powerful hardware, a variable cell size approach is employed. Specifically, larger cell dimensions are used in the earthing system and smaller cell dimensions are used in the mounting system. The FDTD method is utilised to calculate the temporal variation of transient overvoltages for large‐scale PV systems under different scenarios, including variations in the striking point, soil resistivity, and the presence of a metal frame. Simulation results indicate that the highest transient overvoltages occur at the striking point, and these values increase with the presence of a PV metal frame as well as with higher soil resistivity. Furthermore, a comparison is performed between the overvoltage results obtained from the FDTD approach and the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method at the four corner points of the mounting systems to demonstrate the superior accuracy of the FDTD method. Besides, a laboratory experiment is conducted on a small‐scale PV system to validate the simulation results. The calculated overvoltages obtained from the FDTD and PEEC methods are compared with the measured values, yielding a mean absolute error of 5% and 11% for the FDTD and PEEC methods, respectively, thereby confirming the accuracy of the FDTD simulation model.