bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charles S. Peirce on the Inquiry into the Discovery of Ideals, Norms, and Values
Authors: da Costa e Silva Tiago 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present chapter studies the first two normative sciences, that is, esthetics and ethics, focusing upon the exposition of the systemic structuring of these sciences as well as their specific mode of operation. We show how these normative sciences function within the sciences of discovery. The chapter focuses, furthermore, on the examination of the specific objects of inquiry of esthetics and ethics and the role they play in the development of Peirce’s theory of inquiry. The chapter analyzes the specific results that esthetics and ethics arrive at in investigating the highest ideals attainable and the ideals of conduct and how these results can be employed by logic and by other sciences that receive these results as norms, values, and principles. The chapter concludes with a brief exposition of the pragmatistic adequacy of normative esthetics and ethics as well as their role in the advancement of inquiry.
Changes in opioid prescribing and prescription drug monitoring program utilization following electronic health record integration—Massachusetts, 2018
Authors: Corry Brian , Cremer Laura J , Donnelly Christopher , Sargent Wesley M , Mells Jamie , Kelly Rodd , Reynolds Joshua , Young Leonard D 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
In this study, we explored key prescription drug monitoring program-related outcomes among clinicians from a broad cohort of Massachusetts healthcare facilities following prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) and electronic health record (EHR) data integration.

Methods
Outcomes included seven-day rolling averages of opioids prescribed, morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) prescribed, and PDMP queries. We employed a longitudinal study design to analyze PDMP data over a 15-month study period which allowed for six and a half months of pre- and post-integration observations surrounding a two-month integration period. We used longitudinal mixed effects models to examine the effect of EHR integration on each of the key outcomes.

Results
Following EHR integration, PDMP queries increased both through the web-based portal and in total (0.037, [95% CI = 0.017, 0.057] and 0.056, [95% CI = 0.035, 0.077]). Both measures of clinician opioid prescribing declined throughout the study period; however, no significant effect following EHR integration was observed. These results were consistent when our analysis was applied to a subset consisting only of continuous PDMP users.

Conclusions
Our results support EHR integration contributing to PDMP utilization by clinicians but do not support changes in opioid prescribing behavior.
A synthetic, closed‐looped gene circuit for the autonomous regulation of RUNX2 activity during chondrogenesis
Authors: Kaur Gurcharan , Wu Biming , Murali Sanjana , Lanigan Thomas , Coleman Rhima M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe transcription factor RUNX2 is a key regulator of chondrocyte phenotype during development, making it an ideal target for prevention of undesirable chondrocyte maturation in cartilage tissue‐engineering strategies. Here, we engineered an autoregulatory gene circuit (cisCXp‐shRunx2) that negatively controls RUNX2 activity in chondrogenic cells via RNA interference initiated by a tunable synthetic Col10a1‐like promoter (cisCXp). The cisCXp‐shRunx2 gene circuit is designed based on the observation that induced RUNX2 silencing after early chondrogenesis enhances the accumulation of cartilaginous matrix in ATDC5 cells. We show that the cisCXp‐shRunx2 initiates RNAi of RUNX2 in maturing chondrocytes in response to the increasing intracellular RUNX2 activity without interfering with early chondrogenesis. The induced loss of RUNX2 activity in turn negatively regulates the gene circuit itself. Moreover, the efficacy of RUNX2 suppression from cisCXp‐shRunx2 can be controlled by modifying the sensitivity of cisCXp promoter. Finally, we show the efficacy of inhibiting RUNX2 in preventing matrix loss in human mesenchymal stem cell‐derived (hMSC‐derived) cartilage under conditions that induce chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation, including inflammation. Overall, our results demonstrated that the negative modulation of RUNX2 activity with our autoregulatory gene circuit enhanced matrix synthesis and resisted ECM degradation by reprogrammed MSC‐derived chondrocytes in response to the microenvironment of the degenerative joint.
Long-Term Quality of Life After Obstetric Intensive Care Unit Admission: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study
Authors: Ramlakhan K.P. , van der Zande J.A. , Roos-Hesselink J.W. , Franx A. , Cornette J. 
Published: February 2024

(BJOG. 2024;130(7):813–822)
Women admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during pregnancy or postpartum have altered their physical and psychological quality of life (QoL). Maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity are distressing issues impacting many facilities. The long-term impact of peripartum ICU admission is unknown. Two prior studies on QoL after obstetric ICU admissions have found it important to record the physical and emotional impact on the patient and their family.
Stalled Progress in Reducing Maternal Mortality Globally: What Next?
Authors: Moyer C.A. , Lawrence E.R. , Beyuo T.K. , Tuuli M.G. , Oppong S.A. 
Published: February 2024

(Lancet. 2023;401(10382):1060–1062. PMID: 36924780)
According to a report published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2023, the global maternal mortality rate (MMR) improved considerably from 2000 to 2015 (the Millennium Development Goal era). However, from 2016 to 2020, the first 5 years of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) era, MMR stagnated or worsened in most regions of the world. During this period, only 2 regions, Australia and New Zealand and Central and Southern Asia, saw reductions in MMR (34.6% and 15.7%, respectively). The highest MMR was in Sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for ~70% of all maternal deaths in 2020.
Cracking the Environmental Problem of Nitrous Oxide in Obstetrics
Authors: Lucas D.N. , Wong R. , Kearsley R. 
Published: February 2024

(Anaesthesia. 2023; 78:288–293)
Global warming and climate change are the most concerning crises that our world currently faces. The National Health Service (NHS) has worked to reduce its overall carbon footprint as a primary health care company. There are growing concerns about the effects that nitrous oxide has on the environment. It is estimated that 40% of all nitrous oxide emissions are due to human impact, and nitrous oxide use for labor analgesia increases those emissions. Catalytic cracking has been introduced to improve the impact that nitrous oxide has on our environment.
Simulation-Based Training in Obstetric Anesthesia: An Update
Authors: MacLennan K. , Minehart R.D. , Vasco M. , Eley V.A. 
Published: February 2024

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2023:54:103643)
Anesthesiologists play a very important role in the care of pregnant patients. Simulation training is a tool that has been integrated into anesthesiology training to teach hands-on skills and teamwork to both incoming and experienced clinicians. The criteria for properly equipped simulations include clearly stated procedures and expectations, a curriculum whose goal is to meet said expectations, clearly stated simulation modalities, proper instructors, and proper feedback protocols. This study aimed to analyze the use of simulations for obstetric anesthesia.
Periodontal Health and Pregnancy Outcomes: Time to Deliver
Authors: Bostanci N. 
Published: February 2024

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2023;102:648–651)
One often overlooked area of health care is oral care. Oral diseases and conditions are often neglected but are incredibly common, and pregnancy-associated hormonal changes can affect periodontal health. This editorial gives a big-picture view of recent literature relating to periodontal health in pregnancy and the associations with significant pregnancy outcomes.
Tranexamic Acid-Associated Intrathecal Toxicity During Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Patel Santosh 
Published: February 2024

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2023; 40:334–342)
Although most drug administration errors in the operating room setting are intravenous, cases of inappropriate neuraxial medication administration have been recorded and can be particularly catastrophic. The use of tranexamic acid (TXA) during surgery is increasing for certain surgical procedures where it has been shown to be effective at reducing blood loss and the need for transfusion. It is therefore often readily available in operating rooms during cesarean section and orthopedic procedures where neuraxial blocks are frequently utilized. This study aimed to assess the effects of neuraxial TXA administration based on published cases.
Preventing Neuraxial Administration of Tranexamic Acid
Authors: Orser B.A. , Hyland S. , Byrick R. 
Published: February 2024

(Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth. (2023) 70:811–816)
This editorial refers to a recent case published by Dr Pysyk and Dr Filteau describing an inadvertent administration of tranexamic acid into the epidural space. The authors of the editorial discuss this case involving a medication error and propose mechanisms to prevent similar errors in the future. While the error was recognized and managed without immediate adverse effects, the potential for catastrophic consequences was highlighted.
Effects of Cumulative Duration of Repeated Anesthesia Exposure on Fetal Brain Development in the Ovine Model
Authors: Bleeser T. , Basurto D. , Russo F. , Vergote S. , Valenzuela I. , Van den Broucke S. , Kunpalin Y. , Joyeux L. , Van der Veeken L. , Vally J.C. , Emam D. , van der Merwe J. , Van de Velde M. , Devroe S. , Deprest J. , Rex S. 
Published: February 2024

(J Clin Anesth. 2023;85:111050)
This study examines the impact of repeated and prolonged exposure to sevoflurane anesthesia on fetal neurodevelopment in pregnant sheep. The rationale behind this research lies in the concern over the possible negative effects of long or repeated exposure to anesthesia during pregnancy on fetal brain development, particularly based on findings in animal studies. The experiment involves exposing pregnant sheep to different anesthesia regimens and conducting neurobehavioral assessments of their offspring. It aims to determine whether repeated exposure results in neurodevelopmental impairments. The study follows ethical guidelines designed to align with principles promoting humane animal research.
Fetal Heart Rate Responses to Maternal Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Authors: DiPietro J.A. , Bai J. , Sgambati F.P. , Henderson J.L. , Watson H. , Raghunathan R.S. , Pien G.W. 
Published: February 2024

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;228(4):459.e1–459.e8)
The physical changes inherent in pregnancy can amplify underlying comorbidities. One common problem worsened in pregnancy is sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep-disordered breathing has been investigated in relation to pregnancy and found to have a host of negative outcomes associated with it, including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, and stillbirth. Risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing often overlap with risk factors for other pregnancy complications, and thus relationships can be difficult to characterize. One area needing investigation is the effect of sleep-disordered breathing on fetal heart rate (FHR), which is an indicator of wellbeing during pregnancy. This study was designed to examine the FHR response to sleep-disordered breathing in pregnant women with obesity. The authors hypothesized that apnea or hypopnea would elicit a detectable response in FHR that would be potentiated in women with more severe symptoms.
The Effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nugent R. , Wee A. , Kearney L. , de Costa C. 
Published: February 2024

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2023. 2023;63(3):290–300)
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent pauses in breathing during sleep due to upper airway collapse, resulting in decreased oxygen levels. OSA affects around 10.5% of parturients during early pregnancy and up to 30% at term. In pregnancy, OSA is associated with an increased risk for gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes. Infants born to mothers with OSA may have a lower birth weight and are at increased risk for premature delivery and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Baseline obesity increases the risk of OSA during pregnancy, with lifestyle modifications being the standard treatment, though their influence on maternal outcomes is limited. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an effective OSA treatment; however, little research exists on the impact of CPAP on either maternal or fetal outcomes. This systematic review sought to investigate if the use of CPAP improved outcomes for pregnant women with or at risk of OSA.
Current Perspectives on Maternal Critical Care
Authors: Cranfield K. , Horner D. , Vasco M. , Victory G. , Lucas D.N. 
Published: February 2024

(Anaesthesia. 2023;78(6):758–769)
Progress made in reducing maternal mortality rates is plateauing. Projections indicate that maternal mortality rates will reach nearly twice the sustainable development goal of the World Health Organization by 2030. While the reasons for the lack of progress are complex and include factors such as changing maternal demographics and socioeconomic disparities, addressing maternal morbidity is a necessary component of achieving a continuous decrease in maternal mortality. Maternal critical care is an emerging area in obstetrics that will play a crucial role in improving outcomes in maternal morbidity. The recommendations are based on a study in the United Kingdom. However, these principles are likely to be broadly applicable.
Iron Deficiency in Pregnancy and Postpartum: It is Time for a Change
Authors: Auerbach M. , Munro M.G. 
Published: February 2024

(Obstet Gynecol. 2023;141(6):1046–1048)
Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world and affects more than half of pregnancies. Ferrous sulfate is an effective treatment for subsidizing iron intake and is readily available in many formulations. This article is an editorial examining accumulated evidence about iron deficiency during pregnancy and the efficacy of treatments.
Childhood Outcomes After Induction of Labor or Expectant Management for Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: A 10-Year Follow-up of the PPROMEXIL Trials
Authors: Simons N.E. , de Ruigh A.A. , van’t Hooft J. , Aarnoudse-Moens C.S.H. , van Wely M. , van der Ham D.P. , van Teeffelen A.S.P. , Roseboom T.J. , Mol B.W. , Leemhuis A.G. , Pajkrt E. 
Published: February 2024

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;228:588.e1–588.e13)
Managing late preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) between 34+0 and 36+6 weeks’ gestation helps balance the advantages of extending the pregnancy with the risk of intra-amniotic infection. Two Dutch PPROM Expectant Management Versus Induction of Labor (PPROMEXIL) trials were conducted between 2007 and 2011. These randomized controlled studies analyzed induction of labor (IOL) compared to expectant management (EM) in pregnant women with late PPROM. While neonatal sepsis risks were similar between both groups, children at 2 years of age did show slightly higher neurodevelopmental delays with EM compared to IOL. Long-term data on child development beyond age 2 in children born after late PPROM are lacking. The aim of this PPROMEXIL follow-up study was to evaluate the effects of IOL versus EM on child outcomes.
American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Blood Pressure Categories: A Systematic Review of the Relationship With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in the First Half of Pregnancy
Authors: Slade L.J. , Mistry H.D. , Bone J.N. , Wilson M. , Blackman M. , Syeda N. , von Dadelszen P. , Magee L. 
Published: February 2024

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;228(4):418–429.e34)
Many risk factors contribute to adverse outcomes in pregnancy related to elevated blood pressure. High blood pressure or hypertension, has also been shown to be connected to poor outcomes outside of pregnancy, and clinical guidelines have recently changed to reflect stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension rather than a global definition of hypertension. Guidelines for defining hypertension in pregnancy, however, have not changed with general practice guidelines. There is substantial evidence linking hypertension with pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, but there has been no movement to adjust guidelines for hypertension diagnosis or treatment in pregnancy. This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether there is evidence to support the changing of practice guidelines and the definition of hypertension in pregnancy to the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations to help identify individuals at risk of developing pre-eclampsia or other pregnancy complications.
Prolonged Labor and Adverse Cardiac Outcomes in Pregnant Patients With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: McCoy J.A. , Kim Y.Y. , Nyman A. , Levine L.D. 
Published: February 2024

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;228(6):728.e1–728.e8)
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common types of birth defects and affects 8 to 9 per 1000 births. Many patients who have it are diagnosed in infancy, but some are not diagnosed until later in life. The number of patients with CHD who reach childbearing years has increased substantially. Pregnancy can pose difficult challenges, especially in labor and delivery. The physiologic changes that occur during delivery, including increased cardiac demand, rapid changes in intravascular volume, and blood loss, result in significant risk for patients with CHD. The European Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac disease and the Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy 2 studies have demonstrated that the immediate postpartum period is the highest risk time for heart failure.
Impact of Cesarean Versus Vaginal Delivery on the Risk of Postpartum Acute Kidney Injury: A Retrospective Database-Controlled Study in 116,876 Parturients
Authors: Potnuru P.P. , Ganduglia C. , Schaefer C.M. , Suresh M. , Eltzschig H.K. , Jiang Y. 
Published: February 2024

(J Clin Anesth. 2022;82:110915)
Cesarean deliveries are the most common major abdominal surgeries performed in the United States, at a rate of 31.8% of all deliveries. While rates of cesarean deliveries are rising on a global level, maternal or neonatal mortality or morbidity are not decreasing. As such, experts all over the world have pushed to decrease cesarean delivery rates.
Persistent Opioid Use After Cesarean Delivery in the United States of America: A Systematic Review
Authors: Landau R. , Cavanaugh P.F. , DiGiorgi M. 
Published: February 2024

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2023:54:103644)
A total of 31.9% of births in the United States occur through cesarean delivery (CD), while a total of 18.6% of births worldwide occur through CD. Following CD, opioids are commonly prescribed for pain management, and just 5 days of opioid use can develop into a chronic use condition. It is unclear how many postpartum opioid prescriptions lead to opioid addiction. This review aimed to analyze and assess previous studies related to long-term opioid use following CD.
Opioid Analgesia for Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Bateman D.N. , Hale T.W. 
Published: February 2024

(BMJ. 2023;380:p514)
Both pain management for mothers following delivery and breastfeeding are things that health care professionals often encourage. Historically, codeine was a common opioid prescribed for postpartum pain. This decreased significantly after an infant death was seemingly caused by maternal codeine-paracetamol use while breastfeeding. While that case was debunked, there is again rising concern about how the use of opioids by mothers following delivery affects breastfeeding infants.
Global and Regional Burden and Trend of Neoplasms Attributable to Alcohol Consumption in the Past 3 Decades
Authors: Song Hui-Wen , Ge Jin-Hua , Xie Bi-Xia , Jiang Mei-Ting , Pan Jin-Shui 
Published: February 2024

Objectives
To provide valuable insights for targeted cancer screening among high-risk patients, we analyzed the global and regional burden of neoplasms resulting from alcohol consumption between 1990 and 2019.

Methods
The information used in this study was collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 dataset. Initially, the database was used to extract details of mortality rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and the number of individuals affected by alcohol-related neoplasms (ARNs). Subsequently, the data were compared by cancer type, sex, age, region, and sociodemographic index. Furthermore, the study involved the calculation and comparison of estimated annual percentage changes in age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDRs) and mortality rates.

Results
The impact of alcohol on the burden of cancer varied by type of cancer, sex, age, and geographical location. Notably, males exhibited significantly higher ASDRs compared with females. Specifically, in 2019, alcohol emerged as the primary contributor to the number of DALYs associated with esophageal cancer, followed by liver cancer and colorectal cancer in men. Patients aged 50+ years exhibited a heightened rate of DALYs associated with ARNs. From 1990 to 2019, ASDRs among individuals with ARNs did not exhibit a decline in low-middle and low sociodemographic index regions.

Conclusions
Alcohol consumption represents a significant risk factor for the burden of cancer, particularly within the realm of digestive system malignancies. Consequently, targeted cancer screening efforts should be directed toward the population that engages in alcohol drinking, with a particular focus on men aged 50 years and older, residing in economically disadvantaged areas.
Development and external validation of a quantitative diagnostic model for malignant gastric lesions in clinical opportunistic screening: A multicenter real-world study
Authors: Zheng Hongchen , Liu Zhen , Chen Yun , Ji Ping , Fang Zhengyu , He Yujie , Guo Chuanhai , Xiao Ping , Wang Chengwen , Yin Weihua , Li Fenglei , Chen Xiujian , Liu Mengfei , Pan Yaqi , Liu Fangfang , Liu Ying , He Zhonghu , Ke Yang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Clinical opportunistic screening is a cost-effective cancer screening modality. This study aimed to establish an easy-to-use diagnostic model serving as a risk stratification tool for identification of individuals with malignant gastric lesions for opportunistic screening.

Methods:
We developed a questionnaire-based diagnostic model using a joint dataset including two clinical cohorts from northern and southern China. The cohorts consisted of 17,360 outpatients who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination in endoscopic clinics. The final model was derived based on unconditional logistic regression, and predictors were selected according to the Akaike information criterion. External validation was carried out with 32,614 participants from a community-based randomized controlled trial.

Results:
This questionnaire-based diagnostic model for malignant gastric lesions had eight predictors, including advanced age, male gender, family history of gastric cancer, low body mass index, unexplained weight loss, consumption of leftover food, consumption of preserved food, and epigastric pain. This model showed high discriminative power in the development set with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.791 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.750–0.831). External validation of the model in the general population generated an AUC of 0.696 (95% CI: 0.570–0.822). This model showed an ideal ability for enriching prevalent malignant gastric lesions when applied to various scenarios.

Conclusion:
This easy-to-use questionnaire-based model for diagnosis of prevalent malignant gastric lesions may serve as an effective prescreening tool in clinical opportunistic screening for gastric cancer.