bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family perspectives on provider conversations about housing needs for children with medical complexity
Authors: Smith Brandon M. , Donohue Pamela K. , Seltzer Rebecca R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren with medical complexity (CMC) have unique, and often unmet, housing needs that place them at risk for housing insecurity and poor health outcomes. Yet, little is known about how families with CMC discuss their housing needs with healthcare providers. We sought to understand: (1) how housing is currently discussed between CMC caregivers and healthcare providers, and (2) how CMC caregivers want such conversations to occur.MethodsFrom August to November 2020, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with parents/guardians of CMC (<26 years old) in Maryland as part of a larger study to understand their housing experience. Four questions on communication with providers about housing were developed a priori and included in this analysis. Qualitative content analysis was applied to interview transcripts.ResultsAmong 31 completed interviews, most participants were female (90%), lived in single‐family homes (68%) and were from a mix of neighbourhood types (urban 19%, suburban 58%, rural 22%). Their children ranged in age from 6 months to 22 years, had a mix of insurance types (public 65%, private 29%, both 6%) and nearly all required medical equipment or technology. Four themes emerged: (1) Current housing conversations are rare and superficial, (2) Ideal housing conversations would result in thoughtful care plans and concrete supports, (3) Frequency and initiation of housing conversations are best tailored to family preferences and (4) Value of housing conversations are limited by lack of provider knowledge and time.ConclusionsConversations about housing needs for CMC happen in limited ways with healthcare providers, despite a desire on the part of their caregivers. Such conversations can give meaningful insights into the family's specific housing challenges, allowing providers to appropriately tailor care plans and referrals. Future work is needed to capture provider perspectives, design CMC‐specific housing screeners and develop interdisciplinary referral strategies.
Molecular basis underlying changes of brain entropy and functional connectivity in major depressive disorders after electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Yu Xiaohui , Chen Kexuan , Ma Yingzi , Bai Tongjian , Zhu Shunli , Cai Defang , Zhang Xing , Wang Kai , Tian Yanghua , Wang Jiaojian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is widely used for treatment‐resistant depression. However, it is unclear whether/how ECT can be targeted to affect brain regions and circuits in the brain to dynamically regulate mood and cognition.MethodsThis study used brain entropy (BEN) to measure the irregular levels of brain systems in 46 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients before and after ECT treatment. Functional connectivity (FC) was further adopted to reveal changes of functional couplings. Moreover, transcriptomic and neurotransmitter receptor data were used to reveal genetic and molecular basis of the changes of BEN and functional connectivities.ResultsCompared to pretreatment, the BEN in the posterior cerebellar lobe (PCL) significantly decreased and FC between the PCL and the right temporal pole (TP) significantly increased in MDD patients after treatment. Moreover, we found that these changes of BEN and FC were closely associated with genes' expression profiles involved in MAPK signaling pathway, GABAergic synapse, and dopaminergic synapse and were significantly correlated with the receptor/transporter density of 5‐HT, norepinephrine, glutamate, etc.ConclusionThese findings suggest that loops in the cerebellum and TP are crucial for ECT regulation of mood and cognition, which provides new evidence for the antidepressant effects of ECT and the potential molecular mechanism leading to cognitive impairment.
Perioperative outcomes of ileorectal anastomosis – an analysis of 823 patients
Authors: Truong Adam , Hu Katherine , Liska David , Valente Michael , Hull Tracy , Steele Scott R. , Holubar Stefan D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimIleorectal anastomosis (IRA) following total abdominal colectomy (TAC) allows for resortation of bowel continuity but prior studies have reported rates of anastomotic leak (AL) to be as high as 23%. We aimed to report rates of AL and complications in a large cohort of patients undergoing IRA. We hypothesized that AL rates were lower than previously reported and that selective use of diverting loop ileostomy (DLI) is associated with decreased AL rates.MethodPatients undergoing TAC or end‐ileostomy reversal with IRA, with or without DLI, between 1980 and 2021 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database and retrospectively analysed. Redo IRA cases were excluded. Short‐term (30‐day) surgical outcomes were collected using our database. AL was defined using a combination of imaging and, in the case of return to the operating room, intraoperative findings.ResultsOf 823 patients in the study cohort, DLI was performed in 27% and performed more frequently for constipation and inflammatory bowel disease. The overall AL rate was 3% (1% and 4% in those with and without DLI, respectively) and diversion was found to be protective against leak (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08–0.94, p = 0.04). However, patients undergoing diversion had a higher overall rate of postoperative complications (51% vs. 36%, p < 0.001) including superficial wound infection, urinary tract infection, dehydration, blood transfusion and portomesenteric venous thrombosis (all p < 0.04).ConclusionOur study represents the largest series of patients undergoing IRA reported to date and demonstrates an AL rate of 3%. While IRA appears to be a viable surgical option for diverse indications, our study underscores the importance of careful patient selection and thoughtful consideration of staging the anastomosis and temporary faecal diversion when necessary.
Embodying Similarity and Difference: The Effect of Listing and Contrasting Gestures During U.S. Political Speech
Authors: Zhang Icy (Yunyi) , Izad Tina , Cartmill Erica A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPublic speakers like politicians carefully craft their words to maximize the clarity, impact, and persuasiveness of their messages. However, these messages can be shaped by more than words. Gestures play an important role in how spoken arguments are perceived, conceptualized, and remembered by audiences. Studies of political speech have explored the ways spoken arguments are used to persuade audiences and cue applause. Studies of politicians’ gestures have explored the ways politicians illustrate different concepts with their hands, but have not focused on gesture's potential as a tool of persuasion. Our paper combines these traditions to ask first, how politicians gesture when using spoken rhetorical devices aimed at persuading audiences, and second, whether these gestures influence the ways their arguments are perceived. Study 1 examined two rhetorical devices—contrasts and lists—used by three politicians during U.S. presidential debates and asked whether the gestures produced during contrasts and lists differ. Gestures produced during contrasts were more likely to involve changes in hand location, and gestures produced during lists were more likely to involve changes in trajectory. Study 2 used footage from the same debates in an experiment to ask whether gesture influenced the way people perceived the politicians’ arguments. When participants had access to gestural information, they perceived contrasted items as more different from one another and listed items as more similar to one another than they did when they only had access to speech. This was true even when participants had access to only gesture (in muted videos). We conclude that gesture is effective at communicating concepts of similarity and difference and that politicians (and likely other speakers) take advantage of gesture's persuasive potential.
Transformative organizational and programmatic change? Civil society responses to the Canadian Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP)
Authors: Rao Sheila , Delorme Anne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMotivationThe article aims to examine how Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP) shaped efforts of civil society organizations to address gender equality through organizational and programmatic change. FIAP and other feminist policies have direct implications as to how organizations design and administer their work to address gender inequality and on how funding agencies and foundations administer and support this work.Research QuestionWhat are the opportunities and limitations to FIAP's implementation based on the experiences of civil society organizations' efforts to address gender inequality?Approach and methodsData collection for this article took place between 2019 and 2021, beginning two years after the launch of FIAP. This research adopted a mixed‐methods grounded theory approach, where the collected data shaped the conceptual framework. An online survey, interviews, participatory workshops, and media analysis were included in the data collection. Staff from civil society organizations and the University of Ottawa supported the research design process. A response rate of 50% was achieved with a total of 42 respondents out of 83 organizations responding to the survey. A total of 15 interviews were conducted with gender equality specialists based in Canadian international organizations.FindingsAnalysis from data collected in 2019 with gender specialists and civil society organization (CSO) staff, as well as analysis of media coverage of challenges faced by feminist organizations in 2020 and 2021 revealed that the potential for CSO investment through staff support (financial, training and government guidance) could only be partially realized within the “unfeminist” structural landscape in which development programmes oversee the administration of under‐represented groups.Policy implicationsThis study demonstrates the limitations around building stronger linkages between policy formation and implementation processes, and also the opportunities. The authors argue that strengthening engagement with feminist networks globally could align policy priorities with those identified by grassroots movements, while influencing how funding agencies value feminist practice in CSOs.
Short‐term conservation tillage degrades soil infiltration properties in the black soil region of Northeast China
Authors: Zhu Pingzong , Chen Shiqi , Wang Chengshu , Xu Zhipeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoil infiltration properties (SIPs) are crucial soil hydraulic parameters for hydrological and erosion models as they regulate the movement of water and nutrients within the soil. Tillage practice can significantly impact the hydrological and erosional processes of sloping farmland by changing SIPs through altering soil structure. Nevertheless, knowledge regarding the effects of short‐term conservation tillage on SIPs is unclear, which greatly limits the management of soil and water resources of sloping farmland. This study aimed to clarify the potential impact and underlying mechanisms of short‐term implementation of conservation tillage on SIPs under three typical tillage management types: conventional downslope tillage (DT), conservation contour tillage (CT), and no‐tillage (NT) in the black soil region of Northeast China. SIPs of initial infiltration rate (IIR), steady infiltration (SIR), and hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were determined by a field disc infiltration experiment under pressure heads (h) of −3, −1.5, and 0 cm. The results revealed that short‐term implementation of conservation tillage management degraded SIPs, with a significant difference observed between DT and NT. In comparison to DT, the mean SIPs of IIR, SIR, and Ks of CT decreased by 27.5%, 31.2%, and 28.6%, and the corresponding reduced values of NT were 54.1%, 65.0%, and 65.5%, respectively. SIPs were significantly correlated with soil texture, bulk density (BD), capillary porosity (CP), total porosity (TP), field capacity (FC), saturated water content (SSWC), and organic matter content (SOM). Among these influencing factors, the variations in SIPs among different tillage management and soil layers were primarily influenced by differences in clay and gravel contents, FC, and SSWC and SSWC played the most critical role. These results highlight the substantial impacts and clarify the mechanisms of short‐term conservation tillage on SIPs, which is helpful for understanding the potential effect of short‐term conservation tillage management on hydrology and erosional processes, thereby improving the sustainable utilization of arable land.
A socioemotional network perspective on momentary experiences of family conflict in young adults
Authors: Wang Xinyi , McGowan Amanda L. , Fosco Gregory M. , Falk Emily B. , Bassett Dani S. , Lydon‐Staley David M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFamily conflict is an established predictor of psychopathology in youth. Traditional approaches focus on between‐family differences in conflict. Daily fluctuations in conflict within families might also impact psychopathology, but more research is needed to understand how and why. Using 21 days of daily diary data and 6‐times a day experience‐sampling data (N = 77 participants; mean age = 21.18, SD = 1.75; 63 women, 14 men), we captured day‐to‐day and within‐day fluctuations in family conflict, anger, anxiety, and sadness. Using multilevel models, we find that days of higher‐than‐usual anger are also days of higher‐than‐usual family conflict. Examining associations between family conflict and emotions within days, we find that moments of higher‐than‐usual anger predict higher‐than‐usual family conflict later in the day. We observe substantial between‐family differences in these patterns with implications for psychopathology; youth showing the substantial interplay between family conflict and emotions across time had a more perseverative family conflict and greater trait anxiety. Overall, findings indicate the importance of increases in youth anger for experiences of family conflict during young adulthood and demonstrate how intensive repeated measures coupled with network analytic approaches can capture long‐theorized notions of reciprocal processes in daily family life.
Balancing feeling ‘prepared’ without feeling ‘devoured’: A qualitative study of self‐care from the perspective of self‐empowered persons living with Parkinson's disease in Sweden
Authors: Luckhaus Jamie L. , Clareborn Anna , Hägglund Maria , Riggare Sara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionParkinson's Disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease resulting in a wide range of motor and nonmotor symptoms for which the treatment regimen is often complex. People with Parkinson's (PwP) spend time daily on self‐care practices including self‐tracking signs and symptoms or seeking disease‐specific knowledge. Research suggests self‐care interventions yield promising care and health outputs for PwP, yet most research focuses on the provider perspective rather than that of those conducting the self‐care. This study explores the meaning of self‐care, disease‐specific knowledge, and self‐tracking from the perspective of PwP in Sweden.MethodsQualitative data from three data sets were analyzed and compared using qualitative content analysis: one focus group on self‐care (n = 14), one free‐text survey on disease‐specific knowledge (n = 197) and one free‐text survey on self‐tracking (n = 33).FindingsThe analysis resulted in three categories: illness‐related tasks, internal resources and external resources. Illness‐related tasks describe various tasks PwP carry out in self‐care, including lifestyle choices, treatments, and self‐tracking. Internal resources include personal knowledge/skills as well as mindsets which could facilitate or challenge completing these tasks. Finally, external resources include other PwP, literature, clinicians and other sources of disease‐specific knowledge. Self‐care was found to fluctuate between beneficial and burdensome depending on such resources.ConclusionsIn conclusion, self‐care needs to be acknowledged and discussed more often in PD and other complex conditions. Future self‐care interventions should consider self‐tracking and disease‐specific knowledge as well as internal and external resources in their design and implementation.Patient or Public ContributionA researcher with PD was actively involved in all phases of the research: study design, data collection and analysis, and preparing the manuscript.
Barriers to accessing and receiving mental health care for paid and unpaid carers of older adults
Authors: Giebel Clarissa , Prato Laura , Metcalfe Sue , Barrow Hazel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this qualitative study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to accessing and receiving mental health care for paid and unpaid carers of older adults.MethodsUnpaid and paid carers for older adults in England were interviewed remotely between May and December 2022. Participants were asked about their experiences of mental health needs and support. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThirty‐seven carers participated (npaid = 9; nunpaid = 28), with the majority caring for a parent with dementia. Thematic analysis generated four themes: lack of healthcare support, social care system failing to enable time off, personal barriers and unsupportive work culture. Healthcare professionals failed to provide any link to mental health services, including when a dementia diagnosis was received. Structural and organisational barriers were evidenced by carers being unable to take time off from their unpaid caring duties or paid caring role, due to an absence of social care support for their relative.ConclusionsThis is the first study to have explored the barriers to mental health care and support for paid and unpaid carers for older adults and suggests that structural, organisational and personal barriers cause severe difficulties in accessing required support to care for older relatives, services users and residents.Public InvolvementTwo unpaid carers aided with the development of topic guides, data analysis, interpretation and dissemination. Both were supported and trained to code anonymised transcripts.
A tale of missed opportunities: The Cold War in Brazil
Authors: Ioris Rafael R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBrazil was not at the forefront of initial Cold War events and US‐Brazil relations have been more often defined by alignment than conflict. Still, Brazil was not immune to the Cold War logic and when these turbulent dynamics became more prevalent in Latin America, Brazil was at the center of US concerns and influence. But though much was promised and attempted, recurrent opportunities for constructive interactions were missed at the price of growing violence and social injustice. The present piece reviews the scholarship on the Cold War in Brazil by focusing on some of the main works produced by US and Brazilian scholars working on central themes of Brazilian history during the period. Rather than attempting to provide a comprehensive list of works, which would have required more space than permitted here, the article is structured based on key studies that helped shape the conversation about Brazil's historical development in the second half of the 20th‐century.
Drought risk assessment for early maize growth in Northeast China based on a reconstructed phenological dataset
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Li Xiaoyu , Ji Lin , You Songcai , Shi Yuqing , Zhu Qichun , Lou Yunsheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDrought is one of the meteorological disasters to which maize is most vulnerable during its seedling stage in Northeast China. The absence of phenological data impedes the precise evaluation of the likelihood of drought during this phase. In response to these issues, this study develops a phenology model and reconstructing the data. Furthermore, it effectively assessed drought risk at the site scale by utilizing drought indicators. Using reconstructed phenological data from 217 sites from 1981 to 2015, we analysed the duration and trends of each phenological period and assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of drought frequency at each growth stage. The study demonstrated that the average date ranges for the sowing, emergence, three‐leaf, and seven‐leaf stages annually were 115–138 days, 130–151 days, 135–160 days, and 150–180 days, respectively. Additionally, there was a significant trend towards earlier dates in all phenological stages. Our research reveals notable fluctuations in drought frequency during various growth stages of early maize in Northeast China. Particularly, the period from the three‐leaf to the seven‐leaf stages emerges as the most drought‐prone, while the initial emergence to three‐leaf stage also shows considerable vulnerability. On average, the frequency of drought events during the critical three‐ to seven‐leaf stage stands at 35%. This average is surpassed in regions like Heilongjiang, northwest Jilin, northern Inner Mongolia, and southwest Liaoning, indicating a heightened risk in these areas. The early maize growth stage drought types are mainly light and moderate drought, with the three‐leaf to seven‐leaf stage, and Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, as the key stages and regions of concern, respectively. Identifying the principal types of drought and their occurrence in distinct regions and growth stages is pivotal for averting and reducing disasters.
Clinical practice guidelines for prevention and treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal disorder with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (2023)
Authors: Xue Jianjun , Xu Ziqing , Wang Qiang , Hou Huaijing , Wei Lili , Zhang Jie , Zhao Xiaohong , Chen Liping , Ding Fanfan , Ma Li , Zhao Yongqiang , Wang Yingbin , Ma Daqing , Wang Tianjun , Liu Renyu , Gan Tong J , Robinson Nicky , Frank Yurasek , Su Fan , Chi Yongliang , Yang Dianhui , Liu Shujuan , Cui Suyang , Wei Yousong , Chen Zhiqiang , Qin You , Cao Lixing , Chen Guiping , Shu Kuanyong , Xiao Zhongqing , Zhang Hui , Yu Jianbo , Hu Zhiqian , Cheng Huakun , Ma Wuhua , Liu Guokai , Wang Xiuli , Cao Xinghua , Gao Ju , Kong Gaoyin , Tao Qing , Wang Baohua , Wang Junlu , Li Hong , Lyu Cuixia , Zhang Zhiming , Li Tianzuo , Yang Kehu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPostoperative gastrointestinal disorder (POGD) was a common complication after surgery under anesthesia. Strategies in combination with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine showed some distinct effects but standardized clinical practice guidelines were not available. Thus, a multidisciplinary expert team from various professional bodies including the Perioperative and Anesthesia Professional Committees of the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine (CAIM), jointly with Gansu Province Clinical Research Center of Integrative Anesthesiology/Anesthesia and Pain Medical Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation/Chinese Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Center/Gansu Provincial Center for Medical Guideline Industry Technology/Evidence‐based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University, was established to develop evidence‐based guidelines. Clinical questions (7 background and 12 clinical questions) were identified through literature reviews and expert consensus meetings. Based on systematic reviews/meta‐analyses, evidence quality was analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of interventional measures were weighed with input from patients’ preferences. Finally, 20 recommendations were developed through the Delphi‐based consensus meetings. These recommendations included disease definitions, etiologies, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, diagnosis, and perioperative prevention and treatment.