bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Receptor dependent cellular uptake of synthetic low density lipoprotein by mammalian cells in serum-free tissue culture
Authors: Hayavi Sima , Baillie George , Owens Moira D , Halbert Gavin W 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is a normal plasma component, which is of interest in a number of research areas such as hypercholesterolaemia, drug targeting in cancer chemotherapy and as a lipid supplement in tissue culture systems. Currently, however, it can only be obtained by extraction from fresh plasma samples, which yields only small quantities. Synthetic LDL (sLDL) has been prepared using readily available lipid components coupled with a synthetic amphiphatic peptide molecule containing the apoprotein B receptor sequence. sLDL was capable of supporting the growth of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) and fibroblast cells in serum-free culture media in a cholesterol-dependent manner that was related to the presence of the receptor peptide molecule. sLDL could be fluorescently labelled with 3,3′-dioctadecyloxalocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO), and once labelled was assimilated by CHO and fibroblast cells in a time- and temperature-dependent manner that was dependent upon the presence of the receptor peptide. In addition, assimilation was reduced by an excess of unlabelled native LDL. The results indicated that the interaction of sLDL with CHO and fibroblast cells occurred via a receptor dependent system, most likely the LDL cellular receptor. sLDL is therefore a useful, easily obtained substitute for native LDL with potential applications in the areas of drug targeting to cells and serum-free tissue culture systems.
Relaxant effect of Crocus sativus (saffron) on guinea-pig tracheal chains and its possible mechanisms
Authors: Boskabady M H , Aslani M R 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
As indicated in ancient Iranian medical books, Crocus sativus has therapeutic effects on respiratory diseases. The relaxant effect of this plant has been observed also on smooth muscles in previous studies. Therefore, in this study the relaxant effects of aqueous-ethanolic extracts of C. sativus and one of its main constituents, safranal, were examined on guinea-pig tracheal chains. The relaxant effects of four cumulative concentrations of aqueous-ethanolic extract (0.15, 0.3, 0.45, and 0.60 g %) and safranal (0.15, 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60 mL 0.2 mg mL−1 solution) in comparison with saline, as negative control, and four cumulative concentrations of theophylline (0.15, 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60 mM), as positive control, were examined using guinea-pig precontracted tracheal chains. The tracheal chains had been precontracted by three different methods. Group 1 had been precontracted using 10 μM methacholine. The other two groups had been precontracted using 60 mM KCl at two different conditions: non-incubated tissues (group 2) and tissues incubated with 1 μM propranolol, 1 μM chlorpheniramine and 1 μM atropine (group 3) (for each group, n = 6). In group 1 all concentrations of theophylline, extract and safranal showed significant relaxant effects compared with saline (P &lt; 0.05 to P &lt; 0.001). In group 2 theophylline, extract and safranal showed concentration-dependent relaxant effects also compared with saline (P &lt; 0.05 to P &lt; 0.001 for different concentrations except two low concentrations of safranal). However, in group 3 the extracts of C. sativus showed a weak relaxant effect (P &lt; 0.05 only for the highest concentration). The effects of the last concentration of safranal (0.60 mL 0.2 mg mL−1 solution) in group 1, and all its concentrations in group 2 were significantly lower than those of theophylline (P &lt; 0.05 to P &lt; 0.001). In addition, the effects of safranal 0.45 and 0.60 mL 0.2 mg mL−1 solution in groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than that of C. sativus extract. There were significant correlations between the relaxant effects and concentrations for extract, safranal and theophylline in all experimental groups (P &lt; 0.001 for all cases). These results showed a potent relaxant effect of C. sativus on tracheal chains of guinea-pigs that was comparable to or even higher than that of theophylline at the concentrations used. The results indicated that safranal was, at least in part, responsible for the relaxant effect of C. sativus.
Multi-functional fibre Bragg grating sensors for fatigue crack detection in metallic structures
Authors: Betz D C , Staszewski W J , Thursby G , Culshaw B 
Published: October 2006

This paper investigates the use of multi-functional fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for structural health and usage monitoring. It is shown how FBG sensors can be used simultaneously for both a strain-sensing-based load-monitoring system and a Lamb-wave-based damage-detection system. Structural health and usage monitoring has gained considerable interest in engineering technologies. Especially for the aircraft industry where damage can lead to catastrophic and expensive failures and the vehicles involved undergo regular cost intensive inspections, a health and usage monitoring system (HUMS) has one of the highest payoffs. Although different approaches for an HUMS can be found in the literature, a system based on the fusion of load monitoring and damage detection could provide highest potential for implementation in future aircrafts. For this paper, initial tests have been carried out to demonstrate the dual load and damage monitoring on a simple aluminium plate. A fatigue test was carried out to study the crack propagation of the plate. FBG sensors were used to record the load history of the test. For the fatigue analysis, the crack growth was observed using a conventional method and the Lamb-wave analysis. Piezoceramic transducers and the same FBG sensors that already monitored the load history were applied to record the Lamb-wave signals. A novel damage index that correlates the sensor signals with the crack length is introduced. Subsequently, the results obtained for both transducers are given and their performance is compared. Final remarks on this initial test of a dual load and damage-monitoring system based on FBG sensors conclude the paper.
Silver-induced Enhancement of Magnetic Properties of CoPt3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Du Xueyan , Inokuchi Makoto , Toshima Naoki 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The influence of Ag on the magnetic properties of CoPt3 nanoparticles has shown that the addition of Ag (5.0 mol %) can not change the size and crystal structure (i.e., fcc structure) of CoPt3 nanoparticles. However, SQUID studies have revealed that the addition of Ag can notably improve the magnetic properties of CoPt3, which could result from the interaction between Ag and CoPt3 nanoparticles.
Oxalic Acid-catalyzed Reaction of Alcohols with NaSCN: The Effects of Additives NaI and I2
Authors: Miyake Hideyoshi , Nakao Yuichi , Sasaki Mitsuru 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Oxalic acid-mediated conversion of alcohols to thiocyante and/or isothiocyanate is described. Aliphatic tertiary alcohols give isothiocyanate by the reaction with NaSCN in the presence of I2, whereas they give thiocyanate without it.
Iowa results of acoustic neuroma operations
Authors: Harker Lee A. , Mccabe Bryan F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe records of 10 patients, who underwent removal of small vestibular schwannomas by the middle cranial fossa approach at the University of Iowa Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery between October 1974 and November 1977, are reviewed. The principal deviation from previously described operative techniques is that after identification of appropriate landmarks, the internal auditory canal is first unroofed in its medial portion near the porus rather than following the facial nerve to the fundus of the canal. There were no intraoperative complications, but one patient died after a postoperative brain stem vascular accident. Another patient developed a cerebrospinal fluid leak and, subsequently, meningitis. Auditory function was preserved postoperatively in 8 of 10 patients, but only 6 retained auditory function after discharge from the hospital. Facial nerve function was normal immediately after surgery in 6 of the 10 patients, but return was incomplete in 2 patients more than 1 year after surgery. Postoperative routine and special audiometric studies are discussed.
Posterior tracheal laceration: A rare complication of tracheostomy
Authors: Jacobs John R. , Thawley Stanley E. , Abata Rolando , Sessions Donald G. , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTracheostomy is an operation with a long history and many potential complications. Two case reports of acute posterior tracheal wall laceration, a rare complication, are presented. Although previously described as being secondary to inadvertent knife contact with the posterior tracheal wall, both of these cases are thought to be due to insertion of the tube with excessive force against tissue made friable by previous radiation. The diagnosis should be suspected if poor ventilation follows insertion of an endotracheal or tracheal tube. The offending tube should be removed and an oral endotracheal tube inserted. After treatment of any accompanying pneumothorax, the site should be evaluated under direct vision as the endotracheal tube is withdrawn proximal to the tracheotomy. If a tear is found, esophagoscopy is performed to insure the integrity of the esophagus. Repair of the tracheal wall is done with a single layer closure through the tracheotomy alternating suturing with ventilation. A generous tracheotomy, soft tubes and care in insertion of tubes into the trachea are suggested preventive measures.
Laryngotracheal separation
Authors: Lejeune Francis E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe popularity of the motorcycle, specifically trail bike riding, in the past several years has produced an increasing incidence of severe “clothesline” injuries to the larynx and trachea. Even at moderately high speed the impact of a horizontal cable with the neck of the rider causes a sudden hyperextension of the neck, and an avulsion of the larynx from the trachea, separating at the relatively rigid fibrous connective tissue between the cricoid cartilage and the first tracheal ring. Interruption of the strap muscles, the recurrent laryngeal nerves, laceration of the esophagus, and compression fracture of the cervical vertebral bodies can occur.The unseated rider requires immediate assistance, airway obstruction being his greatest problem. In the early minutes after the accident he must be transported to an emergency facility where tracheostomy and resuscitation can be provided.Mediastinal infection, tracheoesophageal fistula, subglottic stenosis, and intermittent depression many follow the initial repair. Rehabilitative measures include permanent tracheostomy, the use of neuromuscular pedicle graft, hyoid bone graft, intracordal injection of teflon paste, and carbon dioxide laser excision of webs and cicatricial tissue.
Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (rosai‐dorfman disease): Report of a case with respiratory tract involvement
Authors: Carpenter Robert J. , Banks Peter M. , Mcdonald Thomas J. , Sanderson David R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe term “sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy,” introduced in 1969 by Rosai and Dorfman, refers to a newly recognized disease entity characterized by painless cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, leukocytosis, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and hypergammaglobulinemia. The typical course is one of insidious onset, protracted duration of the active disease state, and eventual spontaneous remission, occasionally with subsequent recurrences. Lymph nodes other than those in the cervical area may be involved, and extranodal involvement can occur (such as in the orbit, skin, or respiratory tract). Clinically, this entity may closely simulate malignant lymphoma or nonneoplastic conditions with lymphadenopathy. We present a case in which this disease process extensively involved the respiratory tract and produced obstructive symptoms. The otorhinolaryngologist should be aware of this disease entity and should include it in the differential diagnosis for patients with cervical lymph node enlargement or bronchial obstruction.
Complications of intranasal ethmoidectomy: A review of 1,000 consecutive operations
Authors: Freedman Harvey M. , Kern Eugene B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA series of 1,000 consecutive intranasal ethmoidectomies performed on 565 patients was reviewed. There were 28 complications (2.8%) in 26 patients. No patient died, and none became blind. This experience suggests that, in experienced hands, intranasal ethmoidectomy for polypoid disease and chronic ethmoid sinusitis can be a safe operation.
Early childhood language delay: The otolaryngologist's perspective
Authors: Brookhouser Patrick E. , Hixson Peter K. , Matkin Noel D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMany etiologic factors have been implicated in delayed language development in the preschool child including: low birth weight, perinatal insults to the CNS, and chronic/recurrent middle ear disease with conductive hearing impairment during the first years of life.The results of an in‐depth evaluation of 24 children, who manifested preschool language delay significant enough to require remedial intervention, are reported. A suggested early identification model employing High Risk Factors and a Developmental Screening Questionnaire for use by otolaryngologists, pediatricians and audiologists is presented.
The influence of embryology of the mid‐face on the spread of epithelial malignancies
Authors: Panje William R. , Ceilley Roger I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA review of 150 cases of mid‐face skin cancers treated by the fresh tissue technique of microscopic controlled excision has revealed local epithelial cancer spread to be markedly influenced by embryological fusion planes. Knowledge of facial embryology which is reviewed in this article should allow the surgeon to better predict and treat mid‐facial skin cancer.
Bronchial adenoma: A malignant misnomer
Authors: Rowe Lee D. , Jafek Bruce W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBronchial adenomas are a histologically and clinically diverse group of respiratory tract neoplasms arising from mucous glands and ducts of the tracheobronchial tree. They represent 1% of pulmonary malignancies. The traditional concept of a single, histologically benign form is challenged and the malignant potential of these tumors is stressed. Three main cell types with their characteristic histopathologic and clinical features are discussed: carcinoid, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.A case of bronchial carcinoid with hepatic metastases is reported, emphasizing the malignant potential of this controversial group of tumors. The appropriate diagnostic evaluation is outlined and aggressive surgical management is stressed. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy which are reserved mainly for palliation do not add to overall five year survival rates.
Distant metastases in head and neck epidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Dennington Michael L. , Carter Donald R. , Meyers Arlen D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAutopsy findings and case histories of 64 cases of epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck at the Denver Veterans Administration Hospital between 1967 and 1977 were reviewed. Forty percent of these cases had metastases below the clavicles at autopsy. Incidence of metastasis was related to size of the primary lesion. Correlation with nodal involvement was equivocal. Our data was combined with that of similar studies done by O'Brien in 1970 and Gowen in 1963 and resulted in a combined autopsy series of 247 cases. Overall, 47% had distant metastases at autopsy.
Surgical correction of the convex vocal cord after teflon injection
Authors: Horn Karl L. , Dedo Herbert H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTeflon injection of paralyzed and bowed vocal cords has been performed since 1962. It has been generally accepted that nothing could be done if an excess is injected or a granuloma reaction within the cord occurs causing an early or late convex cord which projects across the midline. A technique is described to correct such convex cord problems and the results are given for 12 patients for whom corrective surgery was done.
Malignant external otitis in infants
Authors: Cóser Pedro Luiz , Stamm Aldo Eden Cassol , Lobo Ruy Carlos , Pinto José Antonio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors report two cases of malignant external otitis in infant boys, 5 and 6 months old respectively, caused by different etiologic agents (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis). Both of them were in very poor general health, but neither developed complications such as facial paralysis because of the intensive treatment that was employed from the beginning.
Central tinnitus — diagnosis and treatment. observations simultaneous binaural auditory brain responses with monaural stimulation in the tinnitus patient
Authors: Shulman Abraham , Seitz Michael R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCentral tinnitus is defined as an abnormal sensation of sound which is perceived by the patient and established by neurotologic diagnosis to be retrocochlear and/or within the central nervous system in location. A method of diagnosis and evaluation using evoked response audiometry (ABR) is reported. A clinical test, Simultaneous Binaural Auditory Brain responses with monaural stimulation (ABR) for central location of tinnitus is presented. The use of a diagnostic approach to the selection of a tinnitus masker will be presented. Electrophysiologic indices for central tinnitus have been observed based on short latency ABR recordings. A classification has been presented. The use of lidocaine I.V. therapy with ABR recordings is presented. The concept, diagnosis, and techniques at this time, relating to central tinnitus, are presented as clinical observations. These observations are a beginning for the establishment of an electrophysiologic series of indices which can be interpreted as an electrophysiologic correlate of tinnitus to be supported by basic clinical research.
Clinical‐Pathological determinants in prognosis of fibrous histiocytomas of head and neck
Authors: Blitzer Andrew , Lawson William , Zak Frederick G. , Biller Hugh F. , Som Max L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractReview of the literature reveals 76 cases of fibrous histiocytoma of the deep structures of the head and neck. To this we have added 11 of our own cases, and analyzed the total group to determine clinical and histological features of a high risk population. Age, sex, presence of pain, location of tumor, size of tumor, and local invasion appear to be important clinical criteria. Bizarre giant cells, numerous and atypical mitoses, necrosis, and inflammation appear to be important histologic features. The treatment of choice is wide local excision. Chemotherapy appears to produce tumor regression.
An assessment of grafts in the posterior cricoid lamina
Authors: Strome Marshall , Norris Charles M. , Joseph Michael P. , Brodsky Gilbert , Eavery Ronald D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSubglottic stenosis is a recognized complication of prolonged intubation. To date, there is no uniformly successful operative procedure for severe subglottic stenosis, fulfilling the criteria of decannulation and a serviceable voice. The surgical ideals for such a procedure should include the use of autogenous grafting material, avoidance of internal stenting, and limited manipulation of the mucosa. This study was intended to assess the fate of isolated hyoid and thyroid alar grafts interposed in the posterior cricoid lamina. Additionally, anterior/posterior splits with and without anterior grafting were evaluated. Seventeen dogs were used in the determinate animal model. Vocal cord mobility was evaluated by direct laryngoscopy prior to sacrifice. Graphic gross anatomical specimens depict the effects of anterior/posterior splitting on the cricoid cartilage. Clinical correlations are suggested.
Innominate artery compression of the trachea: Current concepts
Authors: Myer Charles M. , Wiatrak Brian J. , Cotton Robin T. , Bove Kevin E. , Bailey Warren W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne common vascular anomaly that causes airway obstruction in neonates and infants is innominate artery compression of the trachea. A great deal of controversy exists regarding the effect of this anatomic variant on symptom production. Several cases are presented that demonstrate the unique features of innominate artery compression of the trachea: 1. Innominate artery compression can occur in adolescent patients. 2. Flow volume loops are an effective method of documenting airway compromise in this condition. 3. Exercise intolerance should be considered as a relative indication for surgical intervention in these patients. 4. Reimplantation of the innominate artery is a viable surgical alternative in the treatment of affected patients. 5. Telescopic bronchoscopy during surgical correction of this condition will ensure that there has been successful correction of the tracheal compression. 6. Urgent repair is advocated in patients who experience periods of apnea.
The retrolabyrinthine approach and vascular loop
Authors: Wiet Richard J. , Schramm David R. , Kazan Robert P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeveral researchers have made progress toward determining the cause of hemifacial spasm, tinnitus, and episodic vertigo. During the past 5 years, we have encountered a vascular loop in six of 36 patients who were undergoing retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy for recurrent disequilibrium and vertigo. In five of these six patients, disequilibrium improved after neurectomy.This report describes the clinical symptomatology and the results of preoperative cochleovestibular testing for those patients found intraoperatively to have a vascular loop and suspected neurovascular compression syndrome. Audiograms, although varied, characteristically did not demonstrate the low‐frequency sensorineural hearing loss characteristic of Meniere's disease. No preoperative marker, with the single exception of computed tomography pneumocisternography, dependably predicted the presence of a vascular loop.
Facial reanimation by XI‐VII anastomosis without shoulder paralysis
Authors: Poe Dennis S. , Scher Natan , Panje William R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTransposition of the spinal accessory (XI) and facial (VII) nerves has been used successfully in reanimation of facial paralysis, but because of the severity of symptoms associated with denervation of the trapezius muscle, this technique has largely been abandoned. Hypoglossal‐facial (XII‐VII) nerve anastomosis has now become a more favored procedure; however, the resultant hemiglossal atrophy carries some morbidity.Transposition of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) branch of the accessory nerve as a way to avoid shoulder paralysis was reported more than 20 years ago with initially excellent results, yet few follow‐up studies have been done.Twenty‐one fresh cadaver dissections of the accessory nerve‐SCM branch and facial nerve were performed to determine if adequate numbers of fascicle groups and sufficient proximal nerve length are available for an adequate end‐to‐end anastomosis without nerve interposition grafting.This paper presents our anatomic and histologic findings to support the use of proximal SCM nerve anastomosis to distal facial nerve in facial reanimation. When feasible, the use of this technique to correct facial paralysis is encouraged rather than hypoglossal‐to‐facial nerve anastomotic repair.