bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Dynamic Properties of Polyurethane Cast Elastomers
Authors: Clift S.M. 
Published: March 2007

Knowledge of the dynamic and high temperature properties of polyurethane elastomers is critical to their use in high dynamic stress applica tions that include automotive belting, roller covers, tires and wheels. The devel opment of elastomeric systems for such demanding applications requires a means of characterizing these systems in terms of mechanical properties and high-temperature performance using limited quantities of material. Dynamic Mechanical Spectroscopy (DMS) is a powerful and versatile technique which is capable of providing this information with quick turn-around times and small sample size requirements. While highly theoretical and often complex explana tions of dynamic mechanical measurements exist in abundance, little pub lished information can be found that is directed towards polyurethane cast systems and expressed in easy to understand terms. This paper attempts to fill this void by offering a qualitative explanation of basic DMS theoretical princi ples and providing practical guidelines for interpreting DMS data for a series of cast polyurethane elastomers. To assist the system formulator in the selection of diisocyanate structure, polyol backbone and molecular weight, curative and stoichiometry, the effects of each of these parameters on dynamic properties are demonstrated. DMS test results are correlated to those results generated by other dynamic test meth ods, and examples of how DMS has been used to accurately predict performance in real-life applications are discussed.
Paul and Apollos—Colleagues or Rivals?
Authors: Ker Donald P. 
Published: March 2007

It is clear from 1 Corinthians that at least some within the Corinthian church had a very high estimate of Apollos as a leader among them. In writing to them, Paul is critical of their attitude. Paul's letter has often been understood as nothing more than an appeal for unity within the church, which goes beyond the personality of any leader. This article starts from the premise that in 1 Corinthians, as in 2 Corinthians, Paul is concerned that his own authority in the church is under question. It examines his references to Apollos and suggests that he wishes the Corinthians to adopt a more critical appraisal of Apollos, particularly when they compare Apollos's contribution to that of Paul himself.
The Relationship Between Self-Care and Metabolic Control in Children with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Meffitus
Authors: Saucier Carolp. , Clark Wpetta M. 
Published: March 2007

To assess the relationship between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) self-care management and metabolic control in school-aged children, 21 children ages 10 to 14 years with a duration of IDDM of 5.5 years (range 1 to 13 years) were studied. Self-care was defined as the activities that children with IDDM initiate and perform on their own in the management of their disease. Self-care activity was assessed by a revised Self-Care Questionnaire (SCQ), and metabolic control was determined by HbA1c levels obtained at the same time the SCQ was completed. A higher level of self-care management (higher SCQ) was hypothesized to correlate with better metabolic control ( lower HbA1c). Regression analysis of SCQ and HbA1c supported the expected inverse relationship but not at a significant level. The only significant predictors of self-care activity and metabolic control were experience at a specialized camp for children with diabetes and race, with Caucasian children scoring higher in self-care and having lower HbA1c values than African American children.
Information systems and the stimulation of creativity
Authors: Bawden David 
Published: March 2007

The nature of scientific creativity from the point of view of information provision is discussed, and the contributions of current information systems assessed. The changes necessary to enable 'formal' library/information channels to play a fuller part in stimulating creativity are discussed. They include: representation of information for detection of analogies, pat terns and exceptions; interdisciplinary information, and the role of reviews; creation of an information-rich environment, including peripheral material; extension of browsing capabili ties, in both printed and computerized systems; direct involve ment of information users; serendipitous use of literature; individually oriented information access; integration of infor mation systems into formal creativity stimulation techniques. The implications of new information technology, particularly for the convergence of formal and informal communication channels, are considered. The necessity for research (theoretical and practical) on these topics is pointed out. A bibliography of 103 references attempts to draw together some of the scattered relevant literature. '
Regulation and deregulation of telecommunications: the economic and political realities. Part III: Japan, the Pacific Basin and less developed countries
Authors: Philip George , Shao Hing Tsoi  
Published: March 2007

The liberalization of telecommunications in the western hemisphere has not gone unnoticed in the countries of Asia and the Pacific Basin. Japan has already taken the plunge and indeed she passed legislation to end the monopoly of the Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Public Corporation (NTT) in 1984. She has realised that a monopoly can impede develop ments in Information Technology and that deregulation is essential to stimulate competition and consequently lead to the availablity of a wide range of economical value added network services. Liberalization can also be regarded as a tactical move to achieve a firm foothold in the lucrative international tele communications market. There are at least three Japanese companies competing aggressively in the international arena and one of them has already opened an international telecom munications consultancy office in London with plans for fur ther expansion in the United States. The rates of growth of the telecommunications industry in other countries of the Pacific Basin including Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong have also been phenomenal. It is no exaggeration to say that telecommunications is contributing significantly to the continuous shift of economic power from the Atlantic to the Pacific region. However, the area also includes several countries which are so technologically back ward that deregulation is virtually a non-issue. Nevertheless they face several economic, political and information disad vantages which arise from the lack of a well-defined, modern telecommunications infrastructure. They have already recog nized the value of telecommunications in their overall and individual development, and are campaigning vigorously in international forums such as NWICO and WARC for a new world information order based on telecommunications.
Library and information work in Egypt: perspective of a volunteer working in Assiut
Authors: Lees Nigel 
Published: March 2007

Personal experiences of the author whilst working as a Libraries Coordinator in the libraries of the Faculty of Science, Assiut University are discussed. Difficulties and shared prob lems faced by volunteer libranans are described which include: staffing, library stock, library building, library usage, cooper ation and status of library work. A brief history of volunteer input to the Faculty of Science is given with special reference to the years 1986-88, when the author was involved. Problems relating to research work in Egypt, again with reference to experience in Assiut, are described. The work of the National Information System (ENSTINET) and its various information nodes, especially NIDOC, is also described. The work of other library and information centres (American Uni versity Library, Cairo University Department of Librananship, the National Library and the British Council) is briefly de scribed and compared to development in Assiut.
A system architecture for multimedia information retrieval
Authors: Bordogna G. , Carrara P. , Gagliardi I. , Merelli D. , Naldi F. , Padula M. 
Published: March 2007

This paper describes the architecture and the main features of DOMINO, a multimedia information retrieval system whose database is a collection of multimedia documents (MDs) con stituted of a mixing of texts and images. DOMINO data structure has been designed in such a way that both MD integrity and query symmetry with respect to the type of information involved (textual or pictorial) are preserved. In this paper we will focus on the general aspects of DOMINO architecture bringing out a thorough description of the textual data structure, based on an inverted file structure, and on its generation, inquiry and updating procedures. Spe cial effort has been made to design a data structure for which storage requirements and retrieval time are optimized depend ing on the type of search strategies the system should pursue.
Shades of Culture and Institutions-in International Mergers
Authors: Olie René 
Published: March 2007

This article explores merger integration processes in the international context and the way in which the merged companies cope with difficulties emanating from firm-specific and nation-specific differences. The first part of the article discusses the consolidation process in general. Four factors are identified that define the significance of this process: (1) the degree of compatibility of adminis trative practices, management styles, organizational structures or organizational cultures; (2) the kind and degree of post-merger consolidation; (3) the extent to which parties value and want to retain their organizational integrity; (4) the nature of the relationship between the two organizations. In order to create a viable new organization it is argued that leadership, the symbolic reconstruction of a new identity, superordinate goals, and introducing multigroup memberships may reinforce integration. To illustrate the discussion, three case studies of large Dutch-German mergers are examined in the second part of the article. These cases show that leadership, an appropriate organizational structure, and compatibility of merger motives may be important facilitators in the merging process.
Paths of Managerial Learning in the East German Context
Authors: Geppert Mike 
Published: March 2007

In the debate about organizational or managerial learning the connection between individual and organizational levels is often not clearly visible, but there seems to be a consensus that organizational slack is both a main condition for and a result of organizational learning. In the process of learning, manage ment produces or reduces organizational slack. This paper empirically exam ines how managerial learning creates or reduces organizational slack. Such learning is a dialectical process in which the social practices of management are stabilized and/or changed and embedded in special institutional settings. By means of three different case studies it will be demonstrated that the pro cesses of organizational learning, both simple and complex, are tied to spe cifically institutional conditions. The conventional debate about organizational or managerial learning seems to explain only a specific part of these learning processes. In the managerial liter ature the often used metaphor of 'the learning organization' describes learning as a self-centred process, in which the organization and its actors are separated from their institutional context and social embeddedness. The research pre sented in this paper demonstrates that it is also necessary to take into considera tion the learning landscape of an organization. In this way, the internal and external embeddedness of managerial learning are stressed. The creation and use of organizational slack by management — as a main condition for, and product of learning — seem to be directly linked to their abilities to organize the processes themselves and to experiment with established routines without the restrictions of external administrative orders or imaginary market incentives.
When Does Personality Make a Difference? Lord Cherwell and the Area Bombing of Germany
Authors: Berrington Hugh 
Published: March 2007

The area bombing of Germany in 1942-43 brings into relief several important issues that arise in the study of political psychology. The area bombing issue illustrates the importance of personality: when powerful institutional forces are in conflict; when the situation is highly ambiguous; and when the actor has special access to the ultimate decision-makers and can limit access by others. The policy advocated by Churchill's scientific adviser, Professor Lindemann (Lord Cherwell), was particularly congenial to Cherwell's temperament. The consequences of the adoption of this policy are still not easy to assess, though post-war appraisals tend to question its military effectiveness. The lack of any agreed conclusion about its worth underlines the inherent ambiguity of the situation confronting British policy-makers in 1942, and the opportunity this provided for the impact of personality.
A Mark in Time Saves Nein
Authors: De Mesquita Bruce Bueno , Organski A.F.K. 
Published: March 2007

A method for predicting political interactions and policy outcomes based on two political theorems is presented and illustrated with an examination of the decision to merge the two German currencies. Political perceptions and actions are anticipated by combining the substantive knowledge of area experts with the theoretical insights embedded in the median voter theorem and a monotonicity theorem that links expectations to probabilistic statements of action. The proposed model has proven accurate about 90 percent of the time. The proposed forecasting method identifies a sequential strategy that may have been followed by Chancellor Kohl in forging the coalition needed to merge successfully the two German currencies. Using comparative statics, the analysis suggests how subtle and sophisticated Chancellor Kohl had to be to succeed in getting the policy outcome he desired despite stiff opposition.
Strategies for music education in Africa: Towards a meaningful progression from tradition to modern
Authors: Nzewi Meki 
Published: March 2007

There are three stage of music education in traditional Africa. The first stage inducts a new born baby into feeling the sensations of musical pulse and sound as a sympathetic participant till the age of about two years. The second stage focuses on inculcating the sense of rhythm from the ages of about two to eight years. The third stage is music education for life; and starts from the age of eight, by which time gifted children could be recruited into adult groups. Specialists emerge on such specialised aspects of musical creativity and performance as master instruments, master singing, dance, theatre, etc. The objectives of music education in African cultures are human oriented. Yet modern music education in African countries has not derived from the theoretical content and performance principles of traditional music. Pedagogic models for the teaching of any aspect of African traditional musical practices should be founded on authentic African musical thinking, and based thereon, develop modern techniques while accruing inter-cultural sensibilities that would enhance modern, world interaction.
Can music help to improve parent-child communication? Learning music with parents – an Argentine experience
Authors: Grätzer Dina Poch De 
Published: March 2007

How often do parents have the opportunity to share an organised activity with their children throughout the school year? How often do parents have the chance to be part of their children's musical socialisation? Those were some of the questions that led us to consider the idea of a musical programme for parents to share with their children and called ‘Playing music with mum or dad’. This paper reports about the consequences of this programme implemented for the first time in Argentina at the Collegium Musicum of Buenos Aires in 1991. Although the initial intention was just to offer a musical experience for parents to share with their children once a week throughout the school term, in the course of time the real benefit of this activity showed up, revealing that through this proposal, parents began to relate to their children in a dimension far beyond music. Communication became one of the most important – although underlying aims – of this programme. The idea was also to evaluate if this could be a good starting point for parents to understand their educational function, to be aware of the value of music education and the value of educating for freedom and love.
Historical Concepts of the Body
Authors: Duden Barbara 
Published: March 2007

In the perspective of cultural history, "health" is a late 18th century construct. It appears as a term that legitimates the organized concern for the well-being of others. Under the banner of health, institutionalized intervention related to the redefinition and management of women's bodies multiply during the 19th century. Recent women's studies have amply documented the sexist use to which the new health-related concepts have been put. But the semantic reconstruction of the female body as an implicit result of the new scientific concepts has unfortunately attracted less attention. Because it is precisely in the mirror of gynecology that the insidious new dependence of the citizen's well-being from professional management can be best studied. The historical study of body images and related scientific themes is fundamental to the critique of the now prevalent ideology of "health."
Technical Careers for Women: a Perspective From Rural Appalachia
Authors: Bishara Michael N. 
Published: March 2007

The onset of the electronics-based information revolution will augur changes in the sociological perceptions of 'suitable careers' for women. This phenomenon is particularly evident in rural Appalachia. A planned, systematic delivery system was designed, developed, and implemented by Southwest Virginia Community College to introduce women to the challenges and possibilities of technical careers. This was accomplished through a gradualized phase-in to Technological Literacy, followed by in-depth involvement, culminating in an industrial internship experience. A special curriculum was designed to ease the transition of the women, most of whom were homemakers, into the fast-paced mainstream of the academic environment. Duration of the introductory segment was one academic quarter. All project participants were clustered in a peer group, led by the project director, a trained counselor. In addition to a central course on Career Directions for Women, the program design emphasized Industrial Dynamics, the variety of uses possible with "user-friendly" microcomputers, Computer-Assisted Drafting, Electronics Instrumentation, Mathematics and Communications. Field experiences and visits to area industries were integrated into the program plan, as were visits from women who had achieved success in technical careers. Particular efforts were made to arrange for visits by the limited number of women alumni from the college's technical programs. Students were then mainstreamed into a regular program in Electronics or Computer Aided Drafting in the intermediate segment. Students are given a closer look at the industrial sector in the final segment. An examination of the social structure in Appalachian Virginia is presented, together with an albeit tentative prediction of the implications for female wage earners in this highly traditional region, so dependent heretofore on coal mining. Finally, the concept of whether this effort will lead to evolution, rather than revolution, is discussed. While covering a somewhat homogeneous and unique population cluster, the action blueprint outlined can be applied to other population groups in the U.S. and abroad.
Toward a Theory of Geometric Tolerancing
Authors: Requicha Aristides A. G. 
Published: March 2007

Manual drafting is rapidly being replaced by modern, computerized systems for defining the geometry of mechanical parts and assemblies, and a new generation of powerful systems, called geometric (solid) modeling systems (GMSs), is entering industrial use. Solid models are beginning to play an important role in off-line robot programming, model- driven vision, and other industrial robotic applications. A major deficiency of current GMSs is their lack of facilities for specifying tolerancing information, which is essential for design analysis, process planning, assembly planning for tightly toleranced components, and other applications of solid modeling. This paper proposes a mathe matical theory of tolerancing that formalizes and generalizes current practices and is a suitable basis for incorporating tolerances into GMSs. A tolerance specification in the proposed theory is a collection ofgeometric constraints on an object's surface features, which are two-dimensional subsets of the object's boundary. An object is in tolerance if its surface features lie within tolerance zones, which are regions of space constructed by offsetting (expanding or shrinking) the object's nominal boundaries.
The Philosopher and His Mask
Authors: Schlanger Jacques 
Published: March 2007

“Larvatus prodeo,” “I go forth masked”: with these words does the young René Descartes - the year is 1619 and he is twenty-three years old - mark his entrance into philosophy. In an early text found among his papers and published under the title Praeambula, he writes the following: “Before going on stage, an actor dons a mask (persona) so as not to reveal the redness of his face. Likewise, as I make my appearance in the theater of the world, where I have so far been only a spectator, I also go forth masked.”Here Descartes describes a practice that is far from his alone. When a philosopher appears upon the stage – whether in speech or in writing – he alters his tone and projects his voice. He no longer merely speaks; he declaims, and sometimes even takes an oracular stance. He uses the mask to hide his face and body and above all to transform his voice. What we hear is the voice of René Descartes, but it is transformed, amplified, deformed by the mask behind which he hides, by the persona of the philosopher he wants to be. These few lines of the Praeambula may be considered as a beginning, a very personal preface to his philosophical oeuvre as a whole, as the moment when he leaves behind his person to become a persona. Until now, Descartes has been a private person, answerable to no one, able to express himself just as he is, just as he thinks he is, without having to use a mask. Once he openly, officially chooses the life of the mind, a new “I'” is expressed through his mouth; from now on what he says will no longer be private but public. His role now is to speak the truth, even if it turns out in the end to be his truth alone.
Smoke and CO Evolution from Cotton and Flame Retarded Cotton. Part 1: Behaviour of Single Layer Fabrics under LOI Conditions
Authors: Akalin M. , Horrocks A.R. , Price D. 
Published: March 2007

The limiting oxygen indices of two different area densities of untreated and phosphorus-containing flame retardant cotton fabrics (Proban CC, Amgard TR, Amgard CD) have been determined at 20 and 100°C. Simultaneous smoke and CO evolutions from all the fabrics have been determined at respective LOI and (LOI + 0.010) oxygen concentration conditions at 20 and 100°C. At 20 ° C, flame retardants present greatly increased smoke generation whilst little if any change in CO generation (except for the bromine-containing Amgard CD) occurred. Whilst increase in temperature to 100°C reduced fabric LOI and increased apparent and specific smoke optical densities its effect on CO generation was not straightforward. Lightweight, bromine-free flame retarded fabrics showed increased CO formation whilst for the heavier fabrics, increased area density and/or presence of bromine stabilised or reduced CO evolution.