bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of cFLIPs inhibits oxaliplatin‐mediated apoptosis through enhanced XIAP stability and Akt activation in human renal cancer cells
Authors: Kim Shin , Lee Tae‐Jin , Park Jong‐Wook , Kwon Taeg Kyu 
Published: September 2008

AbstractcFLIP inhibits caspase 8 recruitment and processing at the death‐inducing signaling complex (DISC), which is known to inhibits apoptosis mediated by death receptors such as Fas and death receptor 5 (DR5) as well as apoptosis mediated by anticancer therapeutic drugs. We observed that oxaliplatin induced apoptosis, the activation of DEVDase activity, DNA fragmentation, and cleavage of PLC‐γ1 and degradation of XIAP protein in dose‐dependent manners, which was prevented by pretreatment with z‐VAD or NAC, suggesting that oxaliplatin‐induced apoptosis was mediated by caspase‐ or reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent pathways. Furthermore, ectopic expression of cFLIPs potently attenuated oxaliplatin‐induced apoptosis, whereas cFLIPL had less effect. Interestingly, we found that the protein level of XIAP was sustained in oxaliplatin‐treated cFLIPs overexpressing cell, which was caused by the increased XIAP protein stability and that the phospho‐Akt level was high compared to vector‐transfected cell. The increased XIAP protein stability was lessened by PI3K inhibitor LY294002 treatment in cFLIPs overexpressing cells. Thus, our findings imply that the anti‐apoptotic functions of cFLIPs may be attributed to inhibit oxaliplatin‐induced apoptosis through the sustained XIAP protein level and Akt activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 971–979, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pim‐1 kinase phosphorylates and stabilizes RUNX3 and alters its subcellular localization
Authors: Kim Hye‐Ryun , Oh Byung‐Chul , Choi Joong‐Kook , Bae Suk‐Chul 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe loci of the Pim and Runx gene families have been identified as targets for viral insertions in CD2‐myc mice. Synergistic cooperation between Pim and RUNX was also found in the CD2‐Runx2 transgenic mouse lymphoma model. RUNX genes have come to prominence recently because of their roles as essential regulators of cell fate in development. Paradoxically, they appear to function either as tumor‐suppressor genes or dominant oncogenes according to the cellular context. However, the molecular mechanism of the ambiguous roles played by this family of transcription factors in cancer has remained largely uninvestigated. Here we demonstrate that Pim‐1 phosphorylates four Ser/Thr residues within the Runt domain and stabilizes RUNX3 protein. In addition, Pim‐1 markedly altered the cellular localization of RUNX3 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Our results demonstrate that the subcellular localization of RUNX3 is altered by phosphorylation. We propose that RUNX family members may behave as oncogenes if mislocalized to a cellular micro‐compartment. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 1048–1058, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Butyrate metabolism in human colon carcinoma cells: Implications concerning its growth‐inhibitory effect
Authors: Andriamihaja Mireille , Chaumontet Catherine , Tome Daniel , Blachier François 
Published: September 2008

AbstractButyrate and acetate are bacterial metabolites present in the large intestine lumen. Although butyrate is well known to inhibit the in vitro proliferation of human colon carcinoma cells in a process involving the hyperacetylation of specific nuclear histones, little is known about the possible link between butyrate metabolism and its growth‐inhibitory effect. In a previous study (Leschelle et al., 2000, Eur J Biochem 267: 6435–6442), we showed that butyrate accumulates and is metabolized in HT‐29 Glc−/+ cells without increasing oxygen consumption. In the present study, using the same cell line incubated with 14C‐labeled butyrate, we determined that a minor part of 14C from butyrate was recovered in nuclear histones. Unlike butyrate, acetate exerted no effect on cell growth but was a precursor for overall net histone acetylation. Although butyrate was able to increase the cellular AMP/ADP ratio, it did not affect the ATP cell content or the adenylate charge or the oxidation of endogenous L‐glutamine. Butyrate oxidation was found to be markedly sensitive to the presence of other substrates with D‐glucose decreasing this oxidation and L‐malate stimulating it. Furthermore, in the presence of L‐malate, the growth‐inhibitory effect of butyrate was significantly weaker than in its absence. From these data, we conclude that the metabolism of butyrate downstream acetyl‐CoA synthesis is not involved in the butyrate antiproliferative effect. The suggestion that butyrate metabolism in mitochondria is not used in these cells as a fuel but acts as a regulator of butyrate free concentrations (thus limiting its action upon cellular targets), is discussed. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 58–65, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of retinal neovascularization by gene transfer of small interfering RNA targeting HIF‐1α and VEGF
Authors: Jiang Jian , Xia Xiao‐Bo , Xu Hui‐Zhuo , Xiong Yu , Song Wei‐Tao , Xiong Si‐Qi , Li Yan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRetinal neovascularization (NV) occurs in various ocular disorders including proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and secondary neovascular glaucoma, which often result in blindness. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential growth factor for angiogenesis, and is particularly regulated by hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, HIF‐1α and VEGF could provide targets for therapeutic intervention on retinal NV. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting HIF‐1α and VEGF on the expression of HIF‐1α and VEGF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro and on retinal NV in vivo. siRNA‐expressing plasmids targeting human HIF‐1α (HIF‐1α siRNA) and human VEGF165 (VEGF siRNA) were constructed. They were transfected and co‐transfected to HUVEC and C57BL/6J mice of ischemic retinopathy model. HIF‐1α siRNA and VEGF siRNA specifically downregulated HIF‐1α and VEGF at both mRNA and protein levels in vitro and in vivo. Neovascular tufts and neovascular nuclei were decreased in gene therapy group compared to control hypoxia group. Co‐transfection of HIF‐1α siRNA and VEGF siRNA resulted in maximal effects on VEGF suppression in vitro and in vivo. It also manifested the maximal inhibitory effect on retinal NV. These results indicate that the application of HIF‐1α siRNA and VEGF siRNA technology holds great potential as a novel therapeutic for retinal NV. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 66–74, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐peptidic small molecule inhibitors against Bcl‐2 for cancer therapy
Authors: Azmi Asfar S. , Mohammad Ramzi M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA critical regulator of the apoptotic machinery is the Bcl‐2 family proteins whose over expression confers a protective effect on malignant cells against death signals of apoptosis. Cancer cells that are resistant to various anti‐cancer drugs and treatment regimen are found to over express these Bcl‐2 proteins such as Bcl‐2, Bcl‐XL, Mcl‐1, Bcl‐w, and A1/Bfl1. In recent years there has been an exponential growth in the identification as well as synthesis of non‐peptidic cell permeable small‐molecule inhibitors (SMIs) of protein–protein interaction. The focus of this article is on inhibitors of anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2. This review summarizes an up to date knowledge of the available SMIs, their mode of action as well as their current status in preclinical as well as clinical development. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 13–21, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strategies for profiling MicroRNA expression
Authors: Kong William , Zhao Jian‐Jun , He Lili , Cheng Jin Q. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs (∼22‐nt) that play an important role in the control of different cell processes by negative regulation of protein‐coding genes. In the last several years, a number of miRNA profiling strategies have been used to document the miRNA expression changes during physiological and pathological processes. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been linked to developmental defects, cancer, neurological disorders, and heart diseases. Over 540 human miRNAs have been validated to date; however, computer models suggest there may be thousands more. As bench work continue to verify in silico predictions, miRNA profiling will remain a prominent tool for identification of differential expression miRNAs in normal cellular courses and human disorders. This review focuses on current strategies for miRNA expression profiling and discusses their sensitivity and specificity, as well as advantage and disadvantage. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 22–25, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms of induction of adenosine receptor genes and its functional significance
Authors: St. Hilaire Cynthia , Carroll Shannon H. , Chen Hongjie , Ravid Katya 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAdenosine is a metabolite generated and released from cells, particularly under injury or stress. It elicits protective or damaging responses via signaling through the adenosine receptors, including the adenylyl cyclase inhibitory A1and A3, and the adenylyl cyclase stimulatory A2Aand A2B. Multiple adenosine receptor types, including stimulatory and inhibitory, can be found in the same cell, suggesting that a careful balance of adenosine receptor expression in a particular cell is necessary for a specific adenosine‐induced response. This balance could be controlled by differential expression of the adenosine receptor genes under different stimuli. Here, we have reviewed an array of studies that have characterized basal or induced expression of the adenosine receptors and common as well as distinct mechanisms of effect, in hopes that ongoing studies on this topic will further elucidate detailed mechanisms of adenosine receptor regulation, leading to potential therapeutic applications. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 35–44, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomonitoring of biosurfactant production by green fluorescent protein‐marked Bacillus subtilis W1012
Authors: das Neves Luiz Carlos Martins , Kobayashi Márcio Junji , Rodrigues Thaís Miranda , Converti Attilio , Penna Thereza Christina Vessoni 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Biosurfactant production was investigated using two strains of Bacillus subtilis, one being a reference strain (B. subtilis 1012) and the other a recombinant of this (B. subtilis W1012) made able to produce the green fluorescent protein (GFP).RESULTS: Batch cultivations carried out at different initial levels of glucose (G0) in the presence of 10 g L−1 casein demonstrated that the reference strain was able to release higher levels of biosurfactants in the medium at 5.0≤G0≤10 g L−1 (Bmax = 104–110 mg L−1). The recombinant strain exhibited slightly lower levels of biosurfactants (Bmax = 90–104 mg L−1) but only at higher glucose concentrations (G0 ≥ 20 g L−1). Under these nutritional conditions, the fluorescence intensity linked to the production of GFP was shown to be associated with the cell concentration even after achievement of the stationary phase.CONCLUSION: The ability of the genetically‐modified strain to simultaneously overproduce biosurfactant and GFP even at low biomass concentration makes it an interesting candidate for use as a biological indicator to monitor indirectly the biosurfactant production in bioremediation treatments. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrastructural observations on tegumental surface of Raillietina echinobothrida and its alterations caused by root‐peel extract of Millettia pachycarpa
Authors: Roy Bishnupada , Dasgupta Shyamashree , Tandon Veena 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMillettia pachycarpa Benth (Leguminosae) has a usage in traditional medicine system practiced among the Lushai tribes of Mizoram, a state in North East India, who customarily consume the aqueous extract of the root peel of the plant to get rid of intestinal worm infections. The crude ethanol, methanol, and acetone fractions of the plant were assayed against Raillietina echinobothrida, the intestinal cestode parasite of domestic fowl, to authenticate the putative anthelmintic efficacy and cestocidal potential in particular of the plants. In vitro exposure of the worm to the extract at a concentration of 25 mg/mL phosphate buffered saline (at 37°C ± 1°C) revealed distortion and disruption of mitochondria, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, basal lamina, and tegumental vacuolization in the distal cytoplasm leading to scar formation in the surface. The possible use of the plant as a potential anthelmintic against cestode parasite is discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser scanning confocal microscopy characterization of water repellent distribution in a sandstone pore network
Authors: Zoghlami Karima , Gómez‐Gras David , Corbella Mercè , Darragi Fadila 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn the present work, we propose the use of the Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) to determine the effect of water repellents on rock's pore‐network configuration and interconnection. The rocks studied are sandstones of Miocene age, a building material that is commonly found in the architectural heritage of Tunisia. The porosity quantitative data of treated and untreated samples, obtained by mercury porosimetry tests, were compared. The results show a slight decrease in total porosity with the water repellent treatment, which reduced both microporosity and macroporosity. This reduction produced a modification in pore size distribution and a shift of the pore access size mode interval toward smaller pore diameters (from the 30–40 μm to the 20–30 μm intervals). The water repellent was observed in SEM images as a continuous film coating grain surfaces; moreover, it was easily visualized in LSCM, by staining the water repellent with Epodye fluorochrome, and the coating thickness was straightforwardly measured (1.5–2 μm). In fact, the combination of mercury intrusion porosimetry data and LSCM observations suggests that the porosity reduction and the shift of the pore diameter mode were mainly due to the general reduction of pore diameters, but also to the plugging of the smallest pores (less than 3–4 μm in diameter) by the water repellent film. Finally, the LSCM technique enabled the reconstruction of 3D views of the water repellent coating film in the pore network, indicating that its distribution was uniform and continuous over the 100 μm thick sample. The LSCM imaging facilitates the integration and interpretation of mercury porosimetry and SEM data. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A qualitative and quantitative study of the hepatic pigmented macrophage aggregates during the breeding cycle of ohrid trout, Salmo letnica Kar. (Teloestei, Salmonidae)
Authors: Jordanova Maja , Miteva Nada , Rocha Eduardo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIt is well known that factors such as aging and water quality may influence pigmented macrophages (PMacs) in fishes, but it is not established yet if PMacs undergo seasonal and breeding dependent variations. This study explored this caveat and reports qualitative histological and stereological data on liver PMacs from wild female Ohrid trout, Salmo letnica, during the annual breeding cycle. Data showed that a minority of PMacs contained melanin and that the vast majority of them contained only hemosiderin or hemosiderin and lipofuscin/ceroid pigment. It was suggested that this is the normal scenario for the species. One remarkable result was the demonstration of a striking increase, after spawning, of the relative and total volumes of the hepatic macrophages, both parenchyma and stroma located. Because the melano PMacs did not vary, those changes were due to fluctuations in the hemosiderin‐laden PMacs. We concluded that Ohrid trout presented a pigment composition in liver macrophages that differed from other fish, including salmonids, where most liver phagocytes essentially display melanin. Our quantitative data support interspecies differences in the amount of liver macrophages and also that after spawning expansion of the macrophage pool is crucial and most likely connected with the needs of liver remodeling (leading to a decrease in hepatic mass). So, we suggested that the hormonal (sex steroidal) constellation influenced the liver macrophage pool. Additionally, we proved that the use of fish liver macrophages for biomonitoring should take into account the considerable natural breeding/seasonal dependent variations that are expected to occur. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultimobranchial and parathyroid glands of the pigeon Columba livia in response to 1,25(OH)2D3 administration
Authors: Yadav Seema , Srivastav Ajai K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractColumba livia were given daily intraperitoneal injections of 100 pmol of 1,25(OH)2D3/100 g body wt. for 15 days. Ultimobranchial and parathyroid glands were fixed on 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th and 15th day of the experiment. Following 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment, the plasma calcium levels of pigeon remain unchanged on day 1. The levels increase significantly after day 3 which progresses up to day 10. The plasma calcium level becomes normal at day 15. The plasma inorganic phosphate levels of Columba livia injected with 1,25(OH)2D3 remain unaffected up to day 3. The levels exhibit a progressive increase from day 5 to day 10. The levels become normophosphatemic at day 15. Up to day 3 following 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment, there is no change in the ultimobranchial gland of Columba livia. The gland exhibits an increased activity after 5 days 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment which is evident by the increased nuclear volume and weak staining response of the cytoplasm of ultimobranchial cells. After day 10, the nuclear volume depicts a further increase and a few completely exhausted cells are discerned. Following 15‐day 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment the nuclear volume records an increase and degenerating cells have been observed at certain places. The parathyroid glands of 1,25(OH)2D3‐treated Columba livia remain unaffected up to day 5. After day 10 and day 15, there is a progressive decrease in the nuclear volume of parathyroidal cells and reduced chromaticity of nuclei has been noticed. Moreover, after 15 days few degenerating cells are observed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Minicircle‐DNA production by site specific recombination and protein–DNA interaction chromatography
Authors: Mayrhofer Peter , Blaesen Markus , Schleef Martin , Jechlinger Wolfgang 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundConventional plasmid‐DNA (pDNA) used in gene therapy and vaccination can be subdivided into a bacterial backbone and a transcription unit. Bacterial backbone sequences are needed for pDNA production in bacteria. However, for gene transfer application, these sequences are dispensable, reduce the overall efficiency of the DNA agent and, most importantly, represent a biological safety risk. For example, the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes, as well as the uncontrolled expression of backbone sequences, may have profound detrimental effects and unmethylated CpG motifs have been shown to contribute to silencing of episomal transgene expression. Therefore, an important goal in nonviral vector development is to produce supercoiled pDNA lacking bacterial backbone sequences.MethodsA method is described to provide circular, supercoiled minimal expression cassettes (minicircle‐DNA) based on two processes: (i) an inducible, sequence specific, in vivo recombination process that is almost 100% efficient and (2) a novel affinity‐based chromatographic purification approach for the isolation of the minicircle‐DNA.ResultsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis, capillary gel electrophoresis and restriction analysis of the recombination products, and the minicircle‐DNA revealed a recombination efficiency greater than 99.5% and a purity of the isolated minicircle‐DNA of more than 98.5%.ConclusionsThe results obtained in the present study demonstrate that the described technology facilitates the production of highly pure minicircle‐DNA for direct application in gene therapy and vaccination. The process described is efficient, stable and suitable for further scale‐up in industrial large‐scale manufacturing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 gene therapy and cell transplantation in diabetic wounds
Authors: Hirsch Tobias , Spielmann Malte , Velander Patrik , Zuhaili Baraa , Bleiziffer Oliver , Fossum Magdalena , Steinstraesser Lars , Yao Feng , Eriksson Elof 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundImpaired wound healing is a frequent phenomenon in diabetes mellitus. However, little is known of the fundamental cause of this pathology. The present study examined the effect of human insulin‐like growth factor (hIGF)‐1 overexpression in combination with autologous cell transplantation to diabetic wounds in a preclinical large‐animal model.MethodsDiabetes was induced in Yorkshire pigs with streptozotocin. Keratinocytes were cultured and transfected with hIGF‐1 or LacZ transgene. Plasmids were lipoplexed with either Lipofectin or Lipofectamin 2000. Transgene expression was assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay or X‐gal staining. For in vivo studies, full‐thickness wounds were created and dressed with a sealed chamber. Transfected cells were transplanted into the wounds. Wound contraction was monitored and biopsies were obtained for measurement of re‐epithelialization. Wound fluid was collected and analysed for IGF‐1 concentrations.ResultsQuantification showed up to 740 ng/ml IGF‐1 in vitro and significantly higher concentrations over 14 days compared to controls for the Lipofectamin 2000 group. Lipofectin‐mediated gene transfer showed peak expression on day 2 with 68.5 ng/ml. In vivo, transfected cells showed peak expression of 457 ng/ml at day 1, followed by subsequent decline to 5 ng/ml on day 12 with Lipofectamin 2000. For Lipofectin, no significant IGF‐1 expression could be detected. Gene therapy caused significantly faster wound closure (83%) than both controls (native‐cell therapy = 57%; control wounds = 32%).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that optimized nonviral gene transfer increased IGF‐1 expression in diabetic wounds by up to 900‐fold. This high IGF‐1 concentration in combination with cell therapy improved diabetic wound healing significantly. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular dynamics study of the vibrational pattern of ring structures in the Raman spectra of vitreous silica
Authors: To Thi Thao , Bougeard Daniel , Smirnov Konstantin S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRaman scattering spectra of silica glass models were studied by means of molecular dynamics computer simulation. The study principally aimed at the inspection of the assignment of the defect bands of the Raman spectra of a‐SiO2 proposed by Galeener and co‐workers (Galeener FL, Barrio RA, Martinez E, Elliott RJ. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1984; 53: 2429). The results of the study have shown that the D2 peak at 606 cm−1 can probably be related to the presence of three‐membered rings in a‐SiO2, whereas the D1 feature at 495 cm−1 correlates with the presence of both three‐ and four‐membered rings, and can therefore, be used for structural characterisation of silica glasses only with care. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analytical form for the Raman shift dependence on size of nanocrystals
Authors: Salis M. , Ricci P. C. , Anedda A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAn analytical form of the Raman shift dependence on the size of nanocrystals is presented. On the basis of the hard confinement model, this form describes the deviations from Raman shifts in infinite crystals as Δω = π2A[1 − exp(−η)]/12x2η2, where η = L/12ax and x = (A/Γ0)1/2, L standing for the crystal size, Γ0 for the intrinsic band linewidth, a for the lattice parameter and A for a suitable phonon curve parameter. It works in those cases where the average phonon curve shows a quadratic dependence on the phonon quasi‐momentum in the range of interest. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.