bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are reaction textures reliable guides to metamorphic histories? Timing constraints from garnet Sm‐Nd chronology for ‘decompression’ textures in granulites from Søstrene Island, Prydz Bay, Antarctica
Authors: Hensen B. J. , Zhou B. , Thost D. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReaction textures are often used to derive pressure‐temperature‐time (P‐T‐t) paths for metamorphic rocks. However, because dry rocks in particular react very little unless P‐T changes are accompanied by deformation and/or fluid influx, it is possible that mineral assemblages and reaction textures in polycyclic rocks record segments of P‐T paths that are unrelated in time. Such a case is documented, by garnet Sm‐Nd chronology, for a mafic granulite with well‐developed two‐stage garnet breakdown textures from SøHstrene Island, Prydz Bay, Antarctica. The combined geothermobaro‐metric‐geochronological evidence shows that the garnet formed during M1 at ca. 1000 Ma, ca. 850–900°C and 10 kbar. The garnet breakdown reactions producing symplectites of (1) orthopyroxene and plagioclase and (2) orthopyroxene, plagioclase and spinel occurred, respectively, during post‐M1 decompression and during a second granulite facies metamorphic episode (M2), in response to heating and decompression at ca. 500 Ma, ca. 750°C and 6 kbar. The date for the latter event derives from a nearby garnet‐sillimanite gneiss and corresponds to garnet ages which provide evidence for a regional granulite episode extending further north‐east along Prydz Bay. These data demonstrate that, in the absence of reliable criteria for heating and cooling and without age constraints, reaction textures cannot be assumed to record pressure or temperature changes in a single thermo‐tectonic event. Preservation of the ca. 1000 Ma age of garnet in rocks that have been reheated to ca. 700–750°C indicates that the closure temperature for Sm and Nd in garnet is at least 100°C higher than suggested for slowly cooled terranes.
Palaeogene K‐Ar ages from the Kamuikotan metamorphic rocks, southern area of the Kamuikotan Gorge, central Hokkaido, northern Japan
Authors: Iwasaki Ichiro , Watanabe Teruo , Itaya Tetsumaru , Yamazaki Makoto , Takigami Yutaka 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMica separates from 44 metamorphic rocks (mostly pelitic) from the southern area of Kamuikotan Gorge, central block of the Kamuikotan zone were dated using the K‐Ar method. The ages of white micas, separated from pelitic schists, range from 51 to 74 Ma. The Palaeogene K‐Ar ages are supported by 40Ar‐39Ar dating. Judging from mineral paragenesis and X‐ray diffraction studies (RM values) of white micas, most of the pelitic schists belong to the intermediate pressure type. In the Orowen River district, the northern part of the study area, biotite from metavolcanic rocks of a lower pressure assemblage yields the youngest K‐Ar ages (45–50 Ma). Although the Kamuikotan zone was considered to have been a subduction‐related metamorphic belt along a Mesozoic consuming margin, the time span of the metamorphism and the lowering of metamorphic pressure in younger rocks suggest that: (1) exhumation of the younger Kamuikotan rocks accompanied the erosion of forearc basin sediments (the Yezo Supergroup); (2) the increase in the thermal gradient was probably related to the approach of the Kula‐Pacific ridge to the subduction zone; and (3) the main stage of exhumation of the Kamuikotan rocks ceased before westward movement of the Pacific plate, which induced the collision of the Hidaka‐Nemuro belts (palaeo‐Kurile arc‐trench system) with the Kamuikotan zone.
Tissue engineered prefabricated vascularized flaps
Authors: Kian Kwan Oo Kenneth , Chen Ong Wei , Hui Chi Ang Annette , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Kim Siang Tan Luke 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground.Microvascular free tissue transfer has become increasingly popular in the reconstruction of head and neck defects, but it also has its disadvantages. Tissue engineering allows the generation of neo‐tissue for implantation, but these tissues are often avascular. We propose to combine tissue‐engineering techniques together with flap prefabrication techniques to generate a prefabricated vascularized soft tissue flap.Methods.Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) labeled with fluorescein diacetate were static seeded onto polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid‐collagen (PLGA‐c) mesh. Controls were plain PLGA‐c mesh. The femoral artery and vein of the nude rat was ligated and used as a vascular carrier for the constructs. After 4 weeks of implantation, the constructs were assessed by gross morphology, routine histology, Masson trichrome, and cell viability determined by green fluorescence.Results.All the constructs maintained their initial shape and dimensions. Angiogenesis was evident in all the constructs with neo‐capillary formation within the PLGA‐c mesh seen. HDFs proliferated and filled the interyarn spaces of the PLGA‐c mesh, while unseeded PLGA‐c mesh remained relatively acellular. Cell tracer study indicated that the seeded HDFs remained viable and closely associated to remaining PLGA‐c fibers. Collagen formation was more abundant in the constructs seeded with HDFs.Conclusions.PLGA‐c, enveloped by a cell sheet composed of fibroblasts, can serve as a suitable scaffold for generation of a soft tissue flap. A ligated arteriovenous pedicle can serve as a vascular carrier for the generation of a tissue engineered vascularized flap. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Using a pore‐scale model to quantify the effect of particle re‐arrangement on pore structure and hydraulic properties
Authors: Dikinya Oagile , Lehmann Peter , Hinz Christoph , Aylmore Graham 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA pore‐scale model based on measured particle size distributions has been used to quantify the changes in pore space geometry of packed soil columns resulting from a dilution in electrolyte concentration from 500 to 1 mmol l−1 NaCl during leaching. This was applied to examine the effects of particle release and re‐deposition on pore structure and hydraulic properties. Two different soils, an agricultural soil and a mining residue, were investigated with respect to the change in hydraulic properties. The mining residue was much more affected by this process with the water saturated hydraulic conductivity decreasing to 0·4% of the initial value and the air‐entry value changing from 20 to 50 cm. For agricultural soil, there was little detectable shift in the water retention curve but the saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased to 8·5% of the initial value. This was attributed to localized pore clogging (similar to a surface seal) affecting hydraulic conductivity, but not the microscopically measured pore‐size distribution or water retention. We modelled the soil structure at the pore scale to explain the different responses of the two soils to the experimental conditions. The size of the pores was determined as a function of deposited clay particles. The modal pore size of the agricultural soil as indicated by the constant water retention curve was 45 µm and was not affected by the leaching process. In the case of the mining residue, the mode changed from 75 to 45 µm. This reduction of pore size corresponds to an increase of capillary forces that is related to the measured shift of the water retention curve. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An assessment of water reserve changes in Salt Lake, Turkey, through multi‐temporal Landsat imagery and real‐time ground surveys
Authors: Ormeci Cankut , Ekercin Semih 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper focuses mainly on the investigation of water reserve changes in Salt Lake, Turkey, using remote‐sensing data. The study is performed in two stages: (1) correlation analysis for real‐time ground and satellite data and (2) assessment of water reserve changes using multi‐temporal Landsat imagery. First, correlation analysis is conducted to investigate the relationship between digital data from Landsat‐5 TM and spectral (in situ) measurements collected using a field spectroradiometer on the same day and time. A radiometric correction procedure, including conversions from digital numbers to radiance and from radiance to at‐satellite reflectance, is executed to make satellite data comparable to in situ measurements. This procedure show that simultaneous ground and satellite remote‐sensing data are highly correlated (0·84 > R2 > 97) and the near‐infrared region (for this study TM4‐Landsat‐5 TM, band 4) is the best spectral range to distinguish salt and water on the satellite data for the multi‐temporal analysis of the water reserve in Salt Lake. It also shows that the use of shortwave infrared band(s) will result in confusion for the determination of the water reserve in this water‐covered study area. In a second and last phase, the water reserve change in the lake is examined using multi‐temporal Landsat imagery collected in 1990, 2001 and 2005. The remotely sensed, sampled and treated data show that the water reserve in the lake has decreased markedly between 1990 and 2005 due to drought and uncontrolled water usage. It is suggested that the use of water supplies around Salt Lake should be controlled and that the lake should regularly be monitored by up‐to‐date remote‐sensing data (at least annually) for better management of water resources. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Downregulation of erbB3 abrogates erbB2‐mediated tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells
Authors: Liu Bolin , Ordonez‐Ercan Dalia , Fan Zeying , Edgerton Susan M. , Yang XiaoHe , Thor Ann D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReceptor tyrosine kinase activity is essential for erbB2 (HER2/neu) promotion of breast carcinogenesis, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. erbB2 kinase can be activated by dimerization with another erbB receptor, most of which bind ligands. Of these, the erbB2/erbB3 heterodimer is the most potent oncogenic complex. erbB2 reportedly requires erbB3 to promote cellular proliferation, although this may occur without changes in erbB2 tyrosine kinase activity in some model systems. Our investigations focus on the role(s) of erbB3 in erbB2‐associated kinase activity and tamoxifen resistance. Using tumor‐derived cell lines from wild type rat c‐neutransgenic mice and human breast cancers, we demonstrate that erbB3 plays a critical role in the activation of erbB2 tyrosine kinase activity and erbB2‐associated tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, downregulation of erbB3 by specific siRNA reduces erbB2 tyrosine phosphorylation, decreases the PI‐3K/Akt signaling, and inhibits mammary/breast cancer cell proliferation and colony formation. Specific erbB3 siRNA sensitizeserbB2transfected MCF‐7 cells (MCF‐7/erbB2) to tamoxifen‐associated inhibition of both cell growth and colony formation and enhances tamoxifen‐induced apoptosis, in contrast to control siRNA transfected MCF‐7/erbB2 cells which are tamoxifen‐resistant. Our data indicates that erbB2/erbB3 heterodimerization is a prerequisite for erbB2 tyrosine kinase activation in mammary/breast cancer cells and that downregulation of erbB3 inhibits erbB2‐associated procarcinogenic activityviainactivation of the PI‐3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, erbB3 also contributes to erbB2‐mediated tamoxifen resistance and therefore may be a clinically relevant therapeutic target in addition to erbB2. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The transcription factor ATF5 is widely expressed in carcinomas, and interference with its function selectively kills neoplastic, but not nontransformed, breast cell lines
Authors: Monaco Sara E. , Angelastro James M. , Szabolcs Matthias , Greene Lloyd A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractATF5, a transcription factor important in differentiation, proliferation and survival, has been found to be highly expressed in neural progenitor cells and in certain tumors including glioblastomas (GBMs), but its expression in other normal and neoplastic tissues has not been extensively investigated. A tissue microarray immunostained for ATF5 showed diffuse nuclear expression (as defined by the presence in greater than 25% of cells) in 63% (117/186) of neoplastic samples, when compared to only 32% (20/62) in nonneoplastic tissues. When analyzed by histologic subtype, a significantly greater proportion of adenocarcinomas, transitional cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and metastatic carcinomas of various tissue origins had nuclear staining when compared to nonneoplastic tissues. There was no significant difference in ATF5 expression in renal cell carcinomas, lymphomas and seminomas, when compared to nonneoplastic tissues. An expanded series of nonarray breast resection specimens revealed a significantly greater proportion of ATF5 positivity in ductal and lobular carcinomas, when compared to normal breast tissue. Past work found that loss of ATF5 function triggers death of GBM cells, but not of normal activated astrocytes. Here, we observed that loss of ATF5 function caused significant apoptotic death of neoplastic breast cell lines, but not of nonneoplastic breast cell lines. Our data demonstrate elevated ATF5 expression in a wide variety of neoplasms and that interference with ATF5 function selectively triggers death of breast carcinoma cells. Such findings may have potential therapeutic application. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The 8‐epimer of prostaglandin F2α, a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, is decreased in the nipple aspirate fluid of women with breast cancer
Authors: Mannello Ferdinando , Tonti Gaetana A.M. , Pagliarani Silvia , Benedetti Serena , Canestrari Franco , Zhu Weizhu , Qin Wenyi , Sauter Edward R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBreast cancer (BC), a worldwide disease with increasing incidence, develops from ductal/lobular epithelium. Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), secreted from the breast ducts and lobules, can be analyzed to assess breast metabolic activity. Whether lipid peroxidation in the mammary gland promotes or prevents tumorigenesis is unclear. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and the 8‐epimer of Prostaglandin F2α (8‐iso‐PGF2α), two lipid peroxidation markers, were studied in milk (n = 10), NAF (n = 140) and plasma (n = 35) samples. MDA was detected in all plasma, in 80% of milk samples and in 95% of NAF samples. MDA levels in NAF and plasma were significantly higher than in milk (p = 0.016 and p = 0.029, respectively). We found no significant difference between levels of MDA in NAF samples from BC patients compared to healthy controls. 8‐iso‐PGF2α was detectable in all samples. 8‐iso‐PGF2α median levels in NAF were significantly higher than in both milk and plasma (p < 0.0001). The highest 8‐iso‐PGF2α levels were found in NAF from healthy women, significantly higher than in women with BC (p < 0.0001). No significant differences were found in both markers after the age‐adjustment. High levels of lipid peroxidation products in NAF suggest their in situ production in the nonlactating breast. Active lipid peroxidation may have a physiologic role in the normal mammary gland. Lower levels of 8‐iso‐PGF2α in NAF from BC patients suggest altered production of arachidonic acid metabolites during breast carcinogenesis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of aminopeptidase N in enhanced chemosensitivity to paclitaxel in ovarian carcinoma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yamashita Mamoru , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Terauchi Mikio , Shibata Kiyosumi , Ino Kazuhiko , Nawa Akihiro , Mizutani Shigehiko , Kikkawa Fumitaka 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAminopeptidase N (APN/CD13), a 150‐kDa metalloproteinase, is a multifunctional cell surface aminopeptidase with ubiquitous expression. Recent studies have suggested that APN/CD13 plays an important role in tumor progression in several human malignancies. In the current study, we investigated the role of APN/CD13 in paclitaxel (PAC)‐resistance of ovarian carcinoma (OVCA) cells. We first examined the correlation between APN/CD13 expression and IC50 values of PAC in a variety of OVCA cell lines. Next we investigated whether suppression of APN/CD13 using bestatin, an inhibitor of APN/CD13 activity or the siRNA technique influenced PAC‐sensitivity in ES‐2 cells, which highly express APN/CD13. Moreover, we investigated the effect of bestatin on peritoneal metastasis using nude mice. We found a negative correlation between APN/CD13 expression and chemosensitivity to PAC in various carcinoma cell lines. Subsequently, we found a significant increase in PAC‐sensitivity of APN/CD13 expressing OVCA cells by suppression of this enzyme, using the addition of bestatin or the siRNA technique. Furthermore, in a peritoneal metastasis model using nude mice, combination treatment with PAC and bestatin caused a synergistic increase of survival time compared with PAC alone treatment. (mean survival time: 37.7 ± 7.0 s and 27.1 ± 6.6 days, respectively). The present findings showed that APN/CD13 may be involved in decreased sensitivity to PAC in OVCA cells and that the mechanism of this effect involves its enzyme activity at least in part. APN/CD13 may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of OVCA in combination with chemotherapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus genotype in cervical cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Lai Chyong‐Huey , Huang Huei‐Jean , Hsueh Swei , Chao Angel , Lin Cheng‐Tao , Huang Shang‐Lang , Chao Fang‐Yu , Qiu Jian‐Tai , Hong Ji‐Hong , Chou Hung‐Hsueh , Chang Ting‐Chang , Chang Chee‐Jen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOur aim was to investigate the human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution and correlation between HPV parameters and clinicopathological variables in cervical carcinoma treated in a large tertiary referral medical center in Taiwan. Consecutive patients treated for cervical carcinoma (Stages I–IV according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) between 1993 and 2000 were included. HPV genotyping using SPF1/GP6+ PCR was performed, followed by hybridization with a genechip (Easychip® HPV Blot, King Car, Taiwan). E6 type‐specific PCR was performed to validate multiple‐type. HPV‐negative samples were further verified by type‐specific PCR and a repeat HPV Blot. A total of 2,118 patients were eligible for analysis. HPV DNA sequences were detected in 96.6% (95% CI, 95.8–97.4%) of the specimens, among which 82% harbored single‐type and 18% contained multiple‐type HPV sequences. Thirty‐five types of HPV were identified and the leading 8 were HPV16 (50.0%), HPV18 (17.8%), HPV58 (16.3%), HPV33 (8.7%), HPV52 (6.8%), HPV39 (3.0%), HPV45 (2.5%) and HPV31 (2.3%). HPV58 or 33 or 52 was detected in 30.3% (641/2,118). By multivariate analysis, HPV58‐ or 33‐ or 52‐infection was significantly associated with older age (p < 0.001) and primary radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation (RT/CCRT) (p < 0.001). Among HPV‐positive cases, multiple‐type was more frequently seen in those receiving primary RT/CCRT (p < 0.001). The knowledge of HPV genotype distribution will form a basis for guidelines in HPV‐based cervical cancer screening and cost‐effective multivalent HPV vaccine policy in Taiwan and in the world. The association between HPV parameters and clinicopathological variables warrants further investigations. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of molecular pathways in sporadic neuroendocrine tumors of the gastro‐entero‐pancreatic system
Authors: Arnold Christian N. , Sosnowski Andrea , Schmitt‐Gräff Annette , Arnold Rudolf , Blum Hubert E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLittle is known about the molecular pathogenesis of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the gastro‐entero‐pancreatic (GEP) system. We analyzed genetic and epigenetic alterations as well as the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). The study comprised 118 well‐differentiated fore‐ and mid‐gut GEP‐NET from 71 patients. In addition to loss of heterozygosity (LOH), microsatellite instability (MSI) and the methylation status of various tumor associated genes were examined. The expression profile of p16, APC and MENIN was investigated by immunohistochemistry. None of the tumors was highly microsatellite unstable, LOH was found in 22.2%. Significant differences in promoter hypermethylation were identified in the RUNX3 and the O6‐MGMT genes. We found a significant loss of p16 expression in insulinomas (p = 0.05) and functional NET (p = 0.01), respectively. APC was expressed less in gastrinomas (p = 0.01) and functional GEP‐NET (p = 0.05) vs. nonfunctional tumors. MENIN expression was reduced in pancreatic vs. extrapancreatic NET (p = 0.008) and in insulinomas vs. nonfunctional GEP‐NET (p = 0.019) and NET associated with the carcinoid syndrome (p = 0.029). Further CIMP and a Ki‐67 index >10% showed a close correlation. Outcome analysis of 19 patients showed a better survival for CIMP‐negative patients. The analyses identified significant genetic and epigenetic alterations in well‐differentiated fore‐ and mid‐gut NET. CIMP, similar to Ki‐67, might turn out to be of prognostic relevance. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soluble isoforms but not the transmembrane form of coxsackie‐adenovirus receptor are of clinical relevance in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Reimer Daniel , Steppan Ilona , Wiedemair Annemarie , Concin Nicole , Marth Gerda Hofstetter Christian , Müller‐Holzner Elisabeth , Zeimet Alain G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe coxsackie‐adenovirus receptor (hCAR) has been extensively studied in context of adenoviral‐based gene therapy for cancer. However, there is strong evidence that besides its decisive role in coxsackie and adenovirus cell‐entry, hCAR is a component of epithelial tight junctions and involved in cell‐cell adhesions in normal and cancer cells. Furthermore, this adhesion molecule behaves like a cell surface receptor endowed with tumor suppressive properties via signal transduction. Moreover, 3 truncated soluble isoforms of hCAR were recently identified. We investigated the quantitative expression of all known CAR isoforms in a training set of 140 ovarian cancer samples and 21 controls by RT‐PCR. The expression levels of the various isoforms were compared with clinicopathologic parameters and their prognostic significance was assessed. Expression levels of all CAR isoforms were elevated in ovarian carcinomas as compared with those of non‐malignant controls. mRNA‐expression correlated with protein levels. Moreover, expression of the soluble isoforms CAR 3/7 and CAR 4/7 but not that of hCAR was significantly increased in advanced ovarian cancer as revealed by a highly significant correlation with FIGO stage and residual disease > 2 cm in diameter after debulking surgery. High expression of CAR 3/7 and 4/7 was shown to be of independent prognostic relevance for progression‐free (CAR 4/7) and overall survival (CAR 3/7 and CAR 4/7). In conclusion, soluble CAR isoforms 3/7 and 4/7 may play a pivotal role in ovarian cancer biology, possibly by counteracting migration‐ and growth‐inhibitory properties of the membranous hCAR and thus favoring cancer cell dissemination throughout the peritoneal cavity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.