bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mevastatin‐induced neurite outgrowth of neuroblastoma cells via activation of EGFR
Authors: Evangelopoulos M. E. , Weis J. , Krüttgen A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNeuroblastoma cell lines are commonly used as models to study neuronal differentiation, as they retain the capacity to differentiate into a neuronal‐like phenotype. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is essential for neuronal differentiation during development, and cholesterol‐containing lipid‐rafts are important for RTK signaling. Hydroxymethylglutaryl–coenzyme A reductase inhibitors of the statin family impair cholesterol biosynthesis and are in widespread clinical use for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. It is of great clinical interest that statin treatment also correlates with a lower incidence of malignancies. We found that mevastatin triggered neurite outgrowth of neuroblastoma cells and examined the responsible signaling pathways. Treatment of Neuro2a cells with mevastatin for 24 hr induced neurite outgrowth associated with up‐regulation of the neuronal marker protein NeuN. Interestingly, we found that mevastatin triggered phosphorylation of the key kinases epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ERK1/2, and Akt/protein kinase B. Inhibition of EGFR, PI3K, and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade blocked mevastatin‐induced neurite outgrowth. Moreover, add‐back experiments of cell‐permeable cholesterol precursors indicated that farnesylated and geranylgeranylated proteins play a major role in statin‐induced neurite outgrowth. Taken together, our results provide the first mechanistic insight into statin‐triggered signaling pathways that lead to neurite outgrowth in neuroblastoma cells. Surprisingly, we revealed that mevastatin triggered the phosphorylation of the EGFR and that this was because of the inhibition of farnesylated and geranylgeranylated proteins. We propose that members of the large family of farnesylated or geranylgeranylated small GTPases (such as Rabs or Rap1) regulating the trafficking and signaling of EGFR might be responsible for the statin‐induced effects on EGFR signaling. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro inhibition of foodborne pathogens by volatile oil and organic extracts of Poncirus trifoliata Rafin. seeds
Authors: Rahman Atiqur , Al‐Reza Sharif M , Yoon Jung In , Kang Sun Chul 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Poncirus trifoliata Rafin. is widely used in oriental medicine because of its beneficiary effects on health. In this study, we examined the chemical compositions of the volatile oil isolated from the seeds of P. trifoliata by hydrodistillation, and tested the efficacy of the oil and various organic extracts as an antibacterial potential against a panel of foodborne pathogens.RESULTS: The hydrodistilled volatile oil was analysed by GC–MS. Thirty‐six compounds representing 90.67% of the total oil were identified, of which veridiflorol, spathulenol, α‐humulene, α‐cadinol, δ‐cadinene, T‐muurolol, hexadecanoic acid, germacrene D, bergaptene and aromadendrene were the major volatile compounds. The oil and the organic extracts of chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol revealed a remarkable antibacterial effect against the tested pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, S. enteritidis and Escherichia coli. Also, the oil had strong detrimental effect on the viable count of the tested bacteria.CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that the oil and organic extracts derived from P. trifoliata seeds might be a potential source of a preservative for the food or pharmaceutical industries. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Direct RP‐HPLC determination of underivatized amino acids with online dual UV absorbance, fluorescence, and multiple electrochemical detection
Authors: Agrafiotou Panagiota , Sotiropoulos Sotiris , Pappa‐Louisi Adriani 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe combined use of a dual‐UV detector, a fluorimetric one and of a multiple electrochemical (EC) detector equipped with a dual electrode, consisting of a conventional size 3 mm diameter glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and of a pair of 30 μm thick carbon microfibers, is proposed for the determination of 15 amino acids, two dipeptides and creatinine. This online coupling of the above detection modes could partially replace amino acid analysis by derivatization methods, since it solves problems concerning the direct detection of selected underivatized amino acids. Additionally, it was proved that the use of multiple‐detection allows positive peak identification in a single chromatographic run, yields more information for free amino acids and solves in some cases the problem of chromatographic resolution. In order to optimize the detection conditions of the underivatized amino acids and related compounds by different detectors, their detection characteristics were determined by adequate preliminary experiments. The electro‐oxidation characteristics of the underivatized compounds of interest were determined by hydrodynamic voltammetry using a flow cell with a macrodisc GCE and by ex‐situ voltammetry using both a GCE of conventional size and a carbon fiber disk microelectrode. Important practical advantages of microfiber and microdisk electrodes with respect to macroelectrodes were demonstrated.
Ultra‐fast nano‐optics
Authors: Vasa P. , Ropers C. , Pomraenke R. , Lienau C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractUltra‐fast nano‐optics is a comparatively young and rapidly growing field of research aiming at probing, manipulating and controlling ultrafast optical excitations on nanometer length scales. This ability to control light on nanometric length and femtosecond time scales opens up exciting possibilities for probing dynamic processes in nanostructures in real time and space. This article gives a brief introduction into the emerging research field of ultrafast nano‐optics and discusses recent progress made in it. A particular emphasis is laid on the recent experimental work performed in the authors' laboratories. We specifically discuss how ultrafast nano‐optical techniques can be used to probe and manipulate coherent optical excitations in individual and dipole‐coupled pairs of quantum dots, probe the dynamics of surface plasmon polariton excitations in metallic nanostructures, generate novel nanometer‐sized ultrafast light and electron sources and reveal the dipole interaction between excitons and surface plasmon polaritons in hybrid metal‐semiconductor nanostructures. Our results indicate that such hybrid nanostructures carry significant potential for realizing novel nano‐optical devices such as ultrafast nano‐optical switches as well as surface plasmon polariton amplifiers and lasers.
The existence and regularity of multiple solutions for a class of infinitely degenerate elliptic equations
Authors: Chen Hua , Li Ke 
Published: February 2009

AbstractLet X = (X1, …, Xm) be an infinitely degenerate system of vector fields. We study the existence and regularity of multiple solutions of the Dirichlet problem for a class of semi‐linear infinitely degenerate elliptic operators associated with the sum of square operator δX = ∑j = 1m Xj* Xj (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A boundary problem for an elliptic system of differential equations involving a discontinuous weight
Authors: Faierman M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe consider a boundary problem for an elliptic system of differential equations in a bounded region Ω ⊂ ℝn and where the spectral parameter is multiplied by a discontinuous weight function ω (x)= diag(ω1(x), …, ωN (x)). The problem is considered under limited smoothness assumptions and under an ellipticity with parameter condition. In a recent paper, Denk, Faierman, and Möller have studied this problem under the assumption that the ωj (x)–1 are essentially bounded in Ω. In this paper we suppose that ω (x) vanishes identically in a proper subregion ΩN 0 of Ω and that the ωj (x)–1's are essentially bounded in Ω′ = Ω\. By appealing to a result of Faierman pertaining to the Calderón method of reducing a boundary problem for a region to a problem on its boundary, we are able remove the region ΩN 0 altogether and reduce our boundary problem to one for the region Ω′ with a special type of boundary condition on ΓN 0. Since this latter problem falls into a class of problems studied in the paper by Denk et al. cited above, all the spectral theory derived in that paper carries over directly to the problem which we are presently considering. Thus in this way we establish the spectral theory for the boundary problem under consideration here (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On a resolvent estimate of the Stokes system in a half space arising from a free boundary problem for the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Shibata Y. , Shimizu S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this paper we consider a resolvent problem of the Stokes operator with some boundary condition in the half space, which is obtained as a model problem arising in evolution free boundary problems for viscous, incompressible fluid flow. We show standard resolvent estimates in the Lq framework (1 < q < ∞), applying some kernel estimates to concrete solution formulas. The Volevich trick in [21] plays a fundamental role in estimating solutions (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
M ‐functions for closed extensions of adjoint pairs of operators with applications to elliptic boundary problems
Authors: Brown B. M. , Grubb G. , Wood I. G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we combine results on extensions of operators with recent results on the relation between the M ‐function and the spectrum, to examine the spectral behaviour of boundary value problems. M ‐functions are defined for general closed extensions, and associated with realisations of elliptic operators. In particular, we consider both ODE and PDE examples where it is possible for the operator to possess spectral points that cannot be detected by the M ‐function (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Do polymorphisms in the familial Parkinsonism genes contribute to risk for sporadic Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Sutherland Greg T. , Halliday Glenda M. , Silburn Peter A. , Mastaglia Frank L. , Rowe Dominic B. , Boyle Richard S. , O'Sullivan John D. , Ly Tina , Wilton Steve D. , Mellick George D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRecent whole genome association studies provided little evidence that polymorphisms at the familial Parkinsonism loci influence the risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, these studies are not designed to detect the types of subtle effects that common variants may impose. Here, we use an alternative targeted candidate gene approach to examine common variation in 11 genes related to familial Parkinsonism. PD cases (n = 331) and unaffected control subjects (n = 296) were recruited from three specialist movement disorder clinics in Brisbane, Australia and the Australian Electoral Roll. Common genetic variables (76 SNPs and 1 STR) were assessed in all subjects and haplotype, genotype, and allele associations explored. Modest associations (uncorrected P < 0.05) were observed for common variants around SNCA, UCHL1, MAPT, and LRRK2 although none were of sufficient magnitude to survive strict statistical corrections for multiple comparisons. No associations were seen for PRKN, PINK1, GBA, ATP13A2, HTRA2, NR4A2, and DJ1. Our findings suggest that common genetic variables of selected PD‐related loci contribute modestly to PD risk in Australians. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Normal interhemispheric inhibition in persistent developmental stuttering
Authors: Sommer Martin , Knappmeyer Kathrin , Hunter Evke Jane , Gudenberg Alexander Wolffvon , Neef Nicole , Paulus Walter 
Published: February 2009

AbstractImaging studies suggest a right hemispheric (pre)motor overactivity in patients with persistent developmental stuttering (PDS). The interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) studied with transcranial magnetic stimulation is an established measure of the interplay between right and left motor areas. We assessed IHI in 15 young male adults with PDS and 15 age‐matched fluent‐speaking subjects. We additionally studied the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) duration. We found no significant between‐group difference for IHI or for iSP duration. We conclude that the interplay between the primary motor cortices is normal in patients with PDS. The abnormal right motor and premotor activity observed in functional imaging studies on PDS are not likely to reflect altered primary motor cortex excitability, but are likely to have a different origin. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Mortality in Parkinson's disease: A 20‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Diem‐Zangerl Anja , Seppi Klaus , Wenning Gregor K. , Trinka Eugen , Ransmayr Gerhard , Oberaigner Wilhelm , Poewe Werner 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe determined mortality rates and predictors of survival in 238 consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with symptom onset between 1974 and 1984. All patients were regularly followed at the Movement Disorder Clinic (Department of Neurology at the Innsbruck Medical University) until December 31, 2004, or death. As of December 31, 2004, 189 patients had died. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) increased over time. SMRs were 0.6 (95% CI 0.4–1.0) by 5 years, 0.9 (95% CI 0.7–1.2) by 10 years, 1.2 (95% CI 1.0–1.4) by 15 years, and 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.5) by 20 to 30 years. SMR for male patients was significantly increased to 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.6), whereas SMR increase of 1.2 (0.9–1.4) observed in female patients was not significant. Significantly increased SMRs were detected in patients with younger and older age of onset. Male gender, gait disorder, lack of tremor, and lack of asymmetry as presenting clinical features predicted poor survival in a Cox's proportional hazard analysis. This study demonstrates similar survival of patients with PD to the normal control population up to a disease duration of 10 years, followed by a modest rise of mortality with disease duration beyond 10 years compared with the general population. Under regular specialist care using all currently available therapies life expectancy in PD does not appear seriously compromised, but male gender, gait disorder, and absent rest tremor at presentation are associated with poorer long‐term survival. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Friedreich's ataxia impact scale: A new measure striving to provide the flexibility required by today's studies
Authors: Cano Stefan J. , Riazi Afsane , Schapira Anthony H.V. , Cooper J. Mark , Hobart Jeremy C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTo develop, using modern techniques of rating scale construction, a new patient reported rating scale for clinical studies of Friedreich's ataxia (FA) that strives to meet the measurement needs of different types of study. Qualitative research methods were used to generate a conceptual framework of the impact of FA, and a pool of items necessary to construct a subscale for each area identified. This item pool was then administered to 492 people with FA. Rasch measurement methods guided scale construction. Eight areas for measurement were identified (speech, upper limb functioning, lower limb functioning, body movement, complex tasks, isolation, mood, self perceptions), and a 126‐item scale constructed (FA Impact Scale; FAIS). In addition, three shorter versions were developed to illustrate how the FAIS can be adapted for observational studies, more disabled, and less disabled samples of people with FA. The FAIS is a psychometrically sound 126‐item measure from which subsets of items can be selected to meet the needs of different studies. Importantly, all versions can be referred back to the original scale. This study shows one of the many clinical advantages of using Rasch measurement methods to construct rating scales. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Beneficial effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on sleep in Parkinson's disease
Authors: van Dijk Karin D. , Møst Els I.S. , Van Someren Eus J.W. , Berendse Henk W. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSleep disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and have profound negative influences on quality of life. Sleep structure in healthy participants can be changed by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), but this has never been studied systematically in PD. Therefore, we characterized sleep in PD patients and examined effects of rTMS using a combination of actigraphy and a pressure sensitive pad. Thirteen PD patients received 5 Hz rTMS over the motor or parietal cortex. Actigraphic sleep estimates were obtained before, during and after rTMS, as well as compared with 8 healthy, age‐matched controls. Motor symptoms and mood were evaluated before and after rTMS. Mixed‐model regression analyses indicated that PD patients slept shorter (350 ± 17 vs. 419 ± 24 min., P = 0.02), more fragmented (fragmentation index 41 ± 4 vs. 22 ± 2, P = 0.0004) and had a lower sleep efficiency (77 ± 2 vs. 86 ± 2%, P = 0.002) and longer nocturnal awakenings (3.4 ± 0.2 vs. 2.3 ± 0.2 min., P = 0.003) than healthy controls. rTMS over the parietal, but not over the motor cortex improved sleep fragmentation (P = 0.0002) and sleep efficiency (P = 0.0002) and reduced the average duration of nocturnal awakenings (P = 0.02). No change of motor symptoms or mood was observed. Disturbed sleep in PD patients may partly be reversed by parietal rTMS, without affecting motor symptoms or mood. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Phenotype variability in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: A longitudinal family survey and a case featuring an unusual benign course of disease
Authors: Hering Sascha , Achmüller Clemens , Köhler Andrea , Poewe Werner , Schneider Raine , Boesch Sylvia M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe report a 67 years old female patient out of a multigenerational family with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) with an unusually benign course of disease. Although all SCA2 gene carriers have by now developed the predominant gait ataxia and brainstem oculomotor dysfunction, the index patient presented with a very mild course of disease, scoring only six points on the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia after a disease duration of 13 years. Otherwise, intragenerational variability within family members such as the age at onset of disease and the course of disease was low. Reinvestigation of the genetic background variables in the SCA2 gene carrier reported here showed 27 repeats in the normal allele and 37 noninterrupted repeats in the abnormal allele. Interestingly, this patient has been taking lithium‐carbonate over more than 30 years because of psychotic depression. Although anecdotic, this SCA2 case may provide promising insights into possible disease modifying mechanisms in SCA2. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Chiral self‐discrimination of the enantiomers of α‐phenylethylamine derivatives in proton NMR
Authors: Huang Shao‐Hua , Bai Zheng‐Wu , Feng Ji‐Wen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTwo types of chiral analytes, the urea and amide derivatives of α‐phenylethylamine, were prepared. The effect of inter‐molecular hydrogen‐bonding interaction on self‐discrimination of the enantiomers of analytes has been investigated using high‐resolution 1H NMR. It was found that the urea derivatives with double‐hydrogen‐bonding interaction exhibit not only the stronger hydrogen‐bonding interaction but also better self‐recognition abilities than the amide derivatives (except for one bearing two NO2 groups). The present results suggest that double‐hydrogen‐bonding interaction promotes the self‐discrimination ability of the chiral compounds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New carbasugars from Streptomyces lincolnensis
Authors: Sedmera Petr , Halada Petr , Pospíšil Stanislav 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTwo new carbasugars (9 and 10) were isolated from Streptomyces lincolnensis DSM 40355 along with streptol (valienol, 8), gabosine I (valienone, 14), and glucosylglycerate. The reported 1H and 13C assignments are based on 1D (1H, 13C, 1D‐TOCSY, homodecoupling) and 2D (gCOSY, J‐resolved, TOCSY, ROESY, gHSQC, gHMBC) NMR techniques and electrospray ionization FT mass spectrometry (ESI FTMS). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trauma and amputations in 19th century miners from Kimberley, South Africa
Authors: Van der Merwe A. E. , Steyn M. , L'Abbé E. N. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTrauma is the result of violent accidental or therapeutic events that cause physical or psychological injury. The frequencies and types of trauma within a population can give important information regarding their lifestyle as well as the quantity and quality of medical care available to them. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of trauma in the Gladstone sample population with regards to the presence of interpersonal violence a hazardous working environment strenuous working requirements and the availability of medical care. The individuals studied here were diamond miners from Kimberley dating to the late 19th century. A total of 107 well‐preserved skeletons were excavated from unmarked graves after accidental discovery. This sample included 86 males 15 females and 6 individuals of unknown sex. The majority of individuals (71%) were between 19 and 45 years of age. The remains were most likely those of migrant mine workers of low socioeconomic status who had passed away at the local hospitals. All bones were visually assessed for macroscopic indications of traumatic bone alterations and compared to standard palaeopathological texts and photographs. A total of 27% (n = 28) of the individuals in the sample presented with well‐healed healing or perimortem fractures. Fractures to the skull encompassed 49% (n = 20) of all the fractures that were observed. A total of six (6%) amputations were noted. Spondylolysis was observed in 7% (n = 7) of the individuals within the sample and longstanding subluxation was noted in two individuals. The high incidences of cranial fractures within this population are suggestive of high levels of interpersonal violence while long bone fractures spondylolysis and evidence of longstanding subluxations are indicative of the strenuous work requirements and the high‐risk environment to which these individuals were exposed. When considering the presence of well‐reduced fractures and healed amputations it seems that adequate medical care was available to at least some members of this community. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.This article was published online on 17 February 2009. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 3 November 2009.