bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Crude Rice Bran Oil Components on Alkali‐Refining Loss
Authors: Aryusuk Kornkanok , Puengtham Jiraporn , Lilitchan Supathra , Jeyashoke Narumon , Krisnangkura Kanit 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effects of minor components in crude rice bran oil (RBO) including free fatty acids (FFA), rice bran wax (RBW), γ‐oryzanol, and long‐chain fatty alcohols (LCFA), on alkali refining losses were determined. Refined palm oil (PO), soybean oil (SBO) and sunflower oil (SFO) were used as oil models to which minor component present in RBO were added. Refining losses of all model oils were linearly related to the amount of FFA incorporated. At 6.8% FFA, the refining losses of all the model oils were between 13.16 and 13.42%. When <1.0% of LCFA, RBW and γ‐oryzanol were added to the model oils (with 6.8% FFA), the refining losses were approximately the same, however, with higher amounts of LCFA greatly increased refining losses. At 3% LCFA, the refining losses of all the model oils were as high as 69.43–78.75%, whereas the losses of oils containing 3% RBW and γ‐oryzanol were 33.46–45.01% and 17.82–20.45%, respectively.
Treatment of early septic arthritis of the hip in children: Comparison of results of open arthrotomy versus arthroscopic drainage
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed Mounir Moustafa 
Published: March 2008

Purpose The goal of this study was to compare results of open arthrotomy versus arthroscopic drainage in treating septic arthritis of the hip in children. Methods This prospective controlled study was conducted on twenty patients (20 hips) with acute septic arthritis of the hip. Diagnosis was suspected if there was: a history of fever, non-weight-bearing on the affected limb, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of at least 40 mm/h, and white blood cell count of more than 12,000 cells per cubic millimeter. Diagnosis was established by ultrasonographic examination of the affected hip followed by ultrasound-guided aspiration of the joint. Patients were allocated to have either open arthrotomy or arthroscopic drainage of the joint. There were ten patients (ten hips) in each treatment group. The mean age of the patients was 7.3 years in the arthrotomy group, and 8 years in the arthroscopy group. The mean temperatures for the arthrotomy and arthroscopy groups were 38.8 and 38.7°C, respectively. All the children were unable to bear weight on the affected limb. Results Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative microorganism in both groups. The mean duration of the children's hospital stay was 6.4 days in the arthrotomy group and 3.8 days in the arthroscopy group. The difference was highly significant. Infection could be eradicated in all patients of both groups. At the latest follow-up, seven children in the arthrotomy group (70%) had excellent results and three children (30%) had good results. In the arthroscopy group, nine children (90%) had excellent results and one child (10%) had good results. The difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions Arthroscopic drainage is an effective method in treating septic arthritis of the hip. It is a minimal invasive procedure which is associated with less hospital stay. Arthroscopic drainage of septic arthritis of the hip in children is a valid alternative procedure in early uncomplicated cases and for orthopedic surgeons skilled in pediatric arthroscopy.
Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the human umbilical cord
Authors: Kestendjieva Snejana , Kyurkchiev Dobroslav , Tsvetkova Gergana , Mehandjiev Tzvetozar , Dimitrov Angel , Nikolov Assen , Kyurkchiev Stanimir 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNumerous papers have reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, adipose tissue and others. Nonetheless it is an open question whether MSCs isolated from different sources represent a single cell lineage or if cells residing in different organs are separate members of a family of MSCs. Subendothelial tissue of the umbilical cord vein has been shown to be a promising source of MSCs.The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize cells derived from the subendothelial layer of umbilical cord veins as regards their clonogenicity and differentiation potential. The results from these experiments show that cells isolated from the umbilical cord vein displayed fibroblast‐like morphology and grew into colonies. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry revealed that the isolated cells were negative for the hematopoietic line markers HLA‐DR and CD34 but were positive for CD29, CD90 and CD73. The isolated cells were also positive for survivin, Bcl‐2, vimentin and endoglin, as confirmed by RT‐PCR and immunofluorescence. These cells can be induced to differentiate into osteogenic and adipogenic cells, but a new finding is that these cells can be induced to differentiate into endothelial cells expressing CD31, vWF and KDR‐2, and also form vessel‐like structures in Matrigel. The differentiated cells stopped expressing survivin, thus showing a diminished proliferative potential. It can be assumed that the subendothelial layer of the umbilical cord vein contains a population of cells with the overall characteristics of MSCs, with the additional capability to transform into endothelial cells.
Comparison between osteoblasts derived from human dental pulp stem cells and osteosarcoma cell lines
Authors: Palmieri Annalisa , Pezzetti Furio , Graziano Antonio , Riccardo D'Aquino , Zollino Ilaria , Brunelli Giorgio , Martinelli Marcella , Arlotti Marzia , Carinci Francesco 
Published: March 2008

AbstractStem cells derived from human dental pulp are able to differentiate into osteoblasts and are a potential source of autologous bone. The aim of this study was to compare genes differentially expressed in osteoblastoids from human dental pulp (OHDP) to osteosarcoma cells (OCs).Human dental pulp was extracted and immersed in a digestive solution. Cells were cultured and selected using c‐kit, CD34, CD45 and STRO‐1 antibodies. In parallel, two OCs (i.e., SAOS2 and TE85) were cultured. RNA was extracted from different populations of cells and cDNA was used for the hybridisation of human 19.2 K DNA microarrays.We identified several differences in gene expression between OHDP and OCs. Some down‐regulated OHDP genes, such as RUNX1, MAP4K4 and PRDM2, are involved in bone development, cell motility and transcript regulation. Gene expression in OHDP is significantly different from that in OCs, suggesting differences in cell function and activity between these cells.
Heat shock protein 72 associated with CD44v6 in human colonic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Chen Wei , Li Xu , Lin Huanping , Wang Qiaoxia 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCD44v6 is a splice variant of CD44 (CD44v), probably promoting cancer cell adherence to vascular endothelium and base membranes and enhancing the invasion and metastasis of colonic carcinomas. Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) as a molecular chaperone has been confirmed to be overexpressed in epithelial carcinoma cells. There may be a possible association between the expression of HSP72 and CD44v6 during the growth and progression of colonic carcinoma cells. The aim of the study was to investigate the interaction between heat shock protein 72 and CD44v6 in human colonic carcinomas. The localization of HSP72 and CD44v6 in human colonic carcinomas was determined by immunohistochemistry and confocal laser microscopy. The interaction between HSP72 and CD44v6 in colonic carcinoma cells was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and Western immunoblots. Our results revealed that colonic carcinoma synchronously co‐expressed higher levels of HSP72 and CD44v6 than that in adjacent normal colonic tissues. HSP72 and CD44v6 were mainly immunolocalized in the cytoplasm, and also immunolabelled on the cell membrane. Based on immunoprecipitation and Western immunoblots, we found that HSP72 was associated with CD44v6 precursor fragments in human colonic carcinoma cells. The interaction between HSP72 and CD44v6 in human colonic carcinoma cells may contribute to study the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of colonic carcinoma.
Gas1 reduces Ret tyrosine 1062 phosphorylation and alters GDNF‐mediated intracellular signaling
Authors: López‐Ramírez Miguel A. , Domínguez‐Monzón Gabriela , Vergara Paula , Segovia José 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present results show that the expression of Growth Arrest Specific1 (Gas1) in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells significantly inhibits the increased phosphorylation of tyrosine 1062 of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase induced by glial‐cell‐line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). We also observed that Gas1 significantly reduces the activation of Akt. GDNF and members of its family of ligands (GFLs), signal through a molecular complex consisting of one of its receptors (GFRαs) and the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase. GDNF is a key component to preserve several cell populations in the nervous system, including dopaminergic and motor neurons, and also participates in the survival and differentiation of peripheral neurons such as enteric, sympathetic and parasympathetic. On the other hand, Gas1 is a molecule involved in cell arrest that can induce apoptosis when over‐expressed in different cell lines, including cells of neuronal and glial origin. Although, Gas1 is widely expressed during development, its role in vivo has not yet been clearly defined. We recently showed the structural homology between Gas1 and GFRαs, thus suggesting that the physiological role of Gas1 is that of modulating the biological responses induced by GDNF and/or other members of this family of signaling molecules. The results of this work are consistent with the hypothesis of Gas1 acting as a negative modulator of GDNF signaling.
An international Delphi study examining health promotion and health education in nursing practice, education and policy
Authors: Whitehead Dean 
Published: March 2008

Aim. To arrive at an expert consensus in relation to health promotion and health education constructs as they apply to nursing practice, education and policy.Background. Nursing has often been maligned and criticized, both inside and outside of the profession, for its ability to understand and conduct effective health promotion and health education‐related activities. In the absence of an expert‐based consensus, nurses may find it difficult to progress beyond the current situation. In the absence of any previously published nursing‐related consensus research, this study seeks to fill that knowledge‐gap.Design. A two‐round Delphi technique via email correspondence.Methods. A first‐round qualitative questionnaire used open‐ended questions for defining health promotion and health education. This was both in general terms and as participants believed these concepts related to the clinical, theoretical (academic/educational) and the policy (political) setting in nursing. Line‐by‐line qualitative content and thematic analysis of the first‐round data generated 13 specific categories. These categories contained 134 statement items. The second‐round questionnaire comprised the identified 134 statements. Using a five‐point Likert scale (ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) participants scored and rated their level of agreement/disagreement against the listed items. Data from the second‐round was descriptively analysed according to distribution and central tendency measures.Results. An expert consensus was reached on 65 of the original 134 statements. While some minor contradiction was demonstrated, strong consensus emerged around the issues of defining health promotion and health education and the emergence of a wider health promotion and health education role for nursing. No consensus was reached on only one of the 13 identified topic categories – that of ‘nurses working with other disciplines and agencies in a health education and health promotion role.’Conclusions. This study provides a hitherto previously absent expert consensus on the current position of health promotion and health education, in nursing and predictions for their future course. Its findings represent an important step for nurses as they seek to become increasingly active and influential within wider health promotion and health education arenas.Relevance to clinical practice. Delphi studies do not necessarily offer indisputable fact. This study, however, with its strong consensus on the majority of original statements is a good indicator as to how nursing experts currently view health promotion and health education constructs. Expert consensus offers a useful form of measure against current and future clinical practice and helps to build a firm foundation for change. Nurses, then, are advised here to refer to the findings presented, that they remain contextually and conceptually clear, as they embark on current and future health promotion‐related activities.
Related factors in using a free breastfeeding hotline service in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Shu‐Fang , Chen Chao‐Huei , Chen Chung‐Hey 
Published: March 2008

Aims.  This study aimed to examine the use of a free hotline service for breastfeeding mothers in Taiwan. Specific attention was given to the accumulated consultation time and to investigate the trends and reasons that prompted people to contact the service.Background.  Breastfeeding can be a difficult time for mothers, especially during the first two weeks after birth. It has been suggested that a telephone hotline service may be helpful for breastfeeding mothers.Design.  In this quantitative study data, including the demographic data and the problems of consultations, were gathered from callers during August 2003 to August 2005.Results.  Of the 2445 callers, 935 made subsequent calls (38·2%). Approximately 25·25 calls were answered each day by two specially‐trained staff according to an answering book. The mean consultation time for single first‐call was 21·82 minutes and for one subsequent‐call was 15·87 minutes. Perceived insufficient milk supply (30%) and returning to work (21%) were the top two reasons for a first‐call. If callers’ problems were about babies’ sickness, perceived insufficient milk supply, babies’ body weight gain and supplement issues, the accumulated consultation time would last longer. More than half (53·3%; 1303/2445) of callers made the first‐call during the first month after birth, followed by 23·2% (566/2445) during babies’ age between one and three months old.Conclusion.  The telephone hotline service for breastfeeding mothers in Taiwan was well used during the two year period of this study. Many mothers used the service repeatedly for a variety of reasons.Relevance to clinical practice.  Recommendations for breastfeeding support strategies for the professionals include category of common breastfeeding problems by different stages after birth. This study supports the establishment of free hotline services may encourage greater empowerment in breastfeeding mothers. Future studies are required to examine client satisfaction of the telephone service.
The role of actin, fimbrin and endocytosis in growth of hyphae in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Upadhyay Srijana , Shaw Brian D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryFilamentous fungi are ideal systems to study the process of polarized growth, as their life cycle is dominated by hyphal growth exclusively at the cell apex. The actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in this growth. Until now, there have been no tools to visualize actin or the actin‐binding protein fimbrin in live cells of a filamentous fungus. We investigated the roles of actin (ActA) and fimbrin (FimA) in hyphal growth in Aspergillus nidulans. We examined the localization of ActA::GFP and FimA::GFP in live cells, and each displayed a similar localization pattern. In actively growing hyphae, cortical ActA::GFP and FimA::GFP patches were highly mobile throughout the hypha and were concentrated near hyphal apices. A patch‐depleted zone occupied the apical 0.5 μm of growing hypha. Both FimA::GFP and Act::GFP also localize transiently to septa. Movement and later localization of both was compromised after cytochalasin treatment. Disruption of fimA resulted in delayed polarity establishment during conidium germination, abnormal hyphal growth and endocytosis defects in apolar cells. Endocytosis was severely impaired in apolar fimA disruption cells. Our data support a novel apical recycling model which indicates a critical role for actin patch‐mediated endocytosis to maintain polarized growth at the apex.
Modus operandi of the bacterial RNA polymerase containing the σ54 promoter‐specificity factor
Authors: Wigneshweraraj Sivaramesh , Bose Daniel , Burrows Patricia C. , Joly Nicolas , Schumacher Jörg , Rappas Mathieu , Pape Tillmann , Zhang Xiaodong , Stockley Peter , Severinov Konstantin , Buck Martin 
Published: March 2008

SummaryBacterial sigma (σ) factors confer gene specificity upon the RNA polymerase, the central enzyme that catalyses gene transcription. The binding of the alternative σ factor σ54 confers upon the RNA polymerase special functional and regulatory properties, making it suited for control of several major adaptive responses. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the interactions the σ54 factor makes with the bacterial transcription machinery.
Regulation of transcription by acetate in Escherichia coli: in vivo and in vitro comparisons
Authors: Rosenthal Adam Z. , Kim Youngbae , Gralla Jay D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAcetate, even at neutral pH, induces changes in gene expression that allow Escherichia coli to adapt to the diverse chemical stresses of the gastrointestinal tract. These include differential effects on transcription, including both activation and repression. The in vivo studies presented here show that cyclopropane fatty acid synthase transcription induced by neutral acetate proceeds via both the sigma70 and sigma38 forms of RNA polymerase. Upstream DNA elements are required in both cases, but in vitro studies demonstrate that the binding of regulatory factors is not needed. Sigma70 promoters respond towards acetate with very significant differences in vitro, with effects ranging from inhibition to lack of effect to weak stimulation to strong stimulation. By contrast, the effects of acetate on sigma38 transcription at these same promoters in vitro are generally stimulatory. Thus, acetate directly alters transcription complexes in vitro in ways that lead to significant differential transcription, contributing to the diverse effects that are known to allow adaptation in vivo.
Inhibition of ROCK activity allows InlF‐mediated invasion and increased virulence ofListeria monocytogenes
Authors: Kirchner Marieluise , Higgins Darren E. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryListeria monocytogenesis an intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes life‐threatening disease. The mechanisms used byL. monocytogenesto invade non‐professional phagocytic cells are not fully understood. In addition to the requirement of bacterial determinants, host cell conditions profoundly influence infection. Here, we have shown that inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway by pharmacological inhibitors or RNA interference results in increasedL. monocytogenesinvasion of murine fibroblasts and hepatocytes. InlF, a member of the internalin multigene family with no known function, was identified as aL. monocytogenes‐specific factor mediating increased host cell binding and entry. Conversely, activation of RhoA/ROCK activity resulted in decreasedL. monocytogenesadhesion and invasion. Furthermore, virulence of wild‐type bacteria during infection of mice was significantly increased upon inhibition of ROCK activity, whereas colonization and virulence of aninlFdeletion mutant was not affected, thus supporting a role for InlF as a functional virulence determinantin vivounder specific conditions. In addition, inhibition of ROCK activity in human‐derived cells enhanced either bacterial adhesion or adhesion and entry in an InlF‐independent manner, further suggesting a host species or cell type‐specific role for InlF and that additional bacterial determinants are involved in mediating ROCK‐regulated invasion of human cells.
Nitrogen deficiency inhibits leaf blade growth in Lolium perenne by increasing cell cycle duration and decreasing mitotic and post‐mitotic growth rates
Authors: KAVANOVÁ MONIKA , LATTANZI FERNANDO ALFREDO , SCHNYDER HANS 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTNitrogen deficiency severely inhibits leaf growth. This response was analysed at the cellular level by growing Lolium perenne L. under 7.5 mm (high) or 1 mm (low) nitrate supply, and performing a kinematic analysis to assess the effect of nitrogen status on cell proliferation and cell growth in the leaf blade epidermis. Low nitrogen supply reduced leaf elongation rate (LER) by 43% through a similar decrease in the cell production rate and final cell length. The former was entirely because of a decreased average cell division rate (0.023 versus 0.032 h−1) and thus longer cell cycle duration (30 versus 22 h). Nitrogen status did not affect the number of division cycles of the initial cell's progeny (5.7), and accordingly the meristematic cell number (53). Meristematic cell length was unaffected by nitrogen deficiency, implying that the division and mitotic growth rates were equally impaired. The shorter mature cell length arose from a considerably reduced post‐mitotic growth rate (0.033 versus 0.049 h−1). But, nitrogen stress did not affect the position where elongation stopped, and increased cell elongation duration. In conclusion, nitrogen deficiency limited leaf growth by increasing the cell cycle duration and decreasing mitotic and post‐mitotic elongation rates, delaying cell maturation.
NORWEGIAN SCABIES IN A MALE MONGOLOID: REPORT OF A CASE AND A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Zakon Samuel J. , McQuay Russell M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryNorwegian scabies, caused bySarcoptes scabiei, is a rare disease. It is often seen in the mentally deficient and the mentally retarded, especially in male mongoloids. The eleventh U. S. case is presented with an extensive bibliography.
QUANTITATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURAL VARIATIONS BETWEEN PITYROSPORUM OVALE AND P. ORBICULARE BASED ON SERIAL SECTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Keddie F. M. , Barajas L. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryFrom serial section electron micrographs, the ultrastructural cytology of whole cells of Pityrosporum ovale and P. orbiculare was analyzed volumetrically and illustrated in three‐dimensional images. Cells cultured on sodium taurocholate medium were fixed in both glutaraldehyde and potassium permanganate solutions and imbedded in Vestopal for serial sectioning. The volume of the cell, mitochondria and nucleus was obtained by measurements of successive sections through whole cells. The sections of one cell were built in a solid model. The average number of mitochondria in the cells of P. ovale was 23 and in P. orbiculare 2.6 per cell. The volume of the mitochondria was from 14% to 37% of the cell volume. The mitochondria of P. orbiculare appear to increase in size with cell volume, whereas in P. ovale, there may be an increase in number rather than in size. Two types of cellular bodies, one electron light and one electron dense, present in each species, also showed differences in size and number. The volume of the nucleus was 6 to 9% of the cell volume. The serial section analysis points to differences in mitochondrial biogenesis which may be of taxonomic value in separating the two species of Pityrosporutn.