bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristic profiles of lipid classes, fatty acids and triacylglycerol molecular species of peas (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Yoshida Hiromi , Tomiyama Yuka , Tanaka Megumi , Mizushina Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSeed oils from four legume cultivars of Pisum sativum, grown in Japan, were extracted and classified by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) into seven fractions: hydrocarbons (HC; 0.5–0.9 wt‐%), steryl esters (SE; 0.8–2.4 wt‐%), triacylglycerols (TAG; 31.2–40.3 wt‐%), free fatty acids (FFA; 1.3–2.7 wt‐%), 1,3‐diacylglycerols (1,3‐DAG; 1.0–1.8 wt‐%), 1,2‐diacylglycerols (1,2‐DAG; 1.0–2.2 wt‐%) and phospholipids (PL; 52.2–61.3 wt‐%). All lipid samples had high amounts of total unsaturated fatty acids, representing 75.0–84.3 wt‐% for TAG and PL. Molecular species and fatty acid distributions of TAG, isolated from the total lipids in the peas, were analyzed by a combination of argentation‐TLC and GC. Eighteen different molecular species were detected. With a few exceptions, the main TAG components were SMD (7.5–10.3 wt‐%), M2D (8.0–8.9 wt‐%), SD2 (12.0–18.3 wt‐%), SMT (9.8–11.0 wt‐%), MD2 (12.0–20.3 wt‐%), SDT (9.7–10.8 wt‐%), M2T (2.5–7.3 wt‐%) and D3 (14.5–15.2 wt‐%) (where S denotes a saturated fatty acid, M denotes a monoene, D denotes a diene, and T denotes a triene). It seems that the four cultivars were highly related to each other based on the fatty acid composition of the TAG as well as the distribution profiles in the different TAG molecular species. In general, these results suggest that there are no essential differences (p >0.05) in the oil components among the four cultivars.
Fatty fish intake, n‐3 fatty acids and self‐rated health in middle‐aged adults
Authors: Høstmark Arne T. , Tomten Sissel E. , Holmboe‐Ottesen Gerd 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground – Since n‐3 fatty acids, abundant in fatty fish, may improve health, we raised the question whether self‐reported intake frequency of fatty fish (FF) might be related to the percentage of n‐3 fatty acids in serum phospholipids (PL‐n‐3), and also to self‐rated health (H).Design – The study followed a cross‐sectional design.Methods – In the cross‐sectional Oslo Health Study, PL‐n‐3 were determined in 121 middle‐aged ethnic Norwegians and 102 immigrants from the Indian subcontinent and correlated with FF and H. Logistic regression was used to study the relationship between PL‐n‐3 and H (dichotomized, i.e. Poor vs. Good health).Results – FF correlated positively with PL20:5n‐3 (PL‐EPA, r = 0.467, p <0.001) and PL22:6n‐3 (PL‐DHA, r = 0.499, p <0.001), and negatively with PL20:4n‐6 (PL‐AA, r = –0.350, p = 0.001). H was positively associated with PL‐EPA (r = 0.321, p <0.001) and PL‐DHA (r = 0.275; p <0.001), but negatively with PL‐AA (r = –0.220, p = 0.001). The odds ratio for reporting Poor vs. Good health was significantly higher in subjects with low levels of PL‐EPA (OR = 1.49; 95% confidence interval = 1.17–1.89, p = 0.001), persisting after adjusting for sex, physical activity, ethnicity and length of education.Conclusion – The intake frequency of fatty fish is related to n‐3 fatty acids in the serum phospholipids, and to self‐rated health.
Lipase‐catalysed enrichment of DHA and EPA in acylglycerols resulting from squid oil ethanolysis
Authors: Lyberg Ann‐Marie , Adlercreutz Patrick 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe fatty acid specificity of four lipases towards eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was evaluated when performing ethanolysis of squid oil. During the first part of ethanolysis, no DHA ethyl esters were detected when using the lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus, Pseudomonas cepacia or Pseudomonas fluorescens (in the case of the second and third lipases, no EPA ethyl esters were detected either). This indicates that these three lipases could not catalyse the conversion of DHA located in a triacylglycerol to ethyl ester, and that the Pseudomonas lipases could not catalyse the conversion of EPA either. This pattern was not found for the lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. The lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus showed the lowest specificity towards DHA and the highest DHA recovery during DHA enrichment in the acylglycerol fraction. It was thus used to catalyse the ethanolysis of squid oil on a larger scale. The ethyl esters formed were removed using short‐path distillation, resulting in a product containing mainly mono‐ and diacylglycerols. The product contained 34 mol‐% DHA and 17 mol‐% EPA, compared with 19 mol‐% DHA and 12 mol‐% EPA in the original squid oil.
New Heterocyclic Mono‐ and Bis(α‐hydroxymethyl)phosphinic Acids: Synthesis and CuIIBinding Abilities
Authors: Olszewski Tomasz Krzysztof , Gałęzowska Joanna , Boduszek Bogdan , Kozłowski Henryk 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA simple and efficient method for the synthesis of (α‐hydroxymethyl)phosphinic acids in a pyridine and imidazole series from their corresponding aldehydes and aqueous hypophosphorous acid was developed. The same reaction carried out with an excess of aldehyde in the presence of a mineral acid led mainly to the corresponding bis(α‐hydroxymethyl)phosphinic acids in moderate yields. The coordination properties of these compounds towards CuIIions were determined. Additionally, it was found that [(hydroxy)(2‐pyridyl)‐ and (hydroxy)(4‐pyridyl)methyl]phosphinic acids were easy to cleave in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions, to form phosphorus acid (H3PO3) and the corresponding pyridinemethanols. The kinetics of the cleavage reaction was studied. On the basis of the obtained results, a mechanism of the cleavage was formulated.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Progress in Supramolecular Chemistry of Gases
Authors: Rudkevich Dmitry M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe current progress in molecular recognition and supramolecular chemistry of gases is presented. The structure and properties of supramolecular gas‐receptor complexes is discussed. Novel chromophoric and fluorophoric sensors for detection of gases are introduced. Studies on molecules and materials for gas entrapment, separation, storage and release that involve synthetic containers, capsules and nanotubes are overviewed. It is shown that supramolecular fixation of gases leads to stable and selective chemical reagents. Gases can also be used as building blocks. Polymers and reversible, dynamic nanostructures from gases are presented. Their potential application as storing and separating materials is discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A Practical Gold‐Catalyzed Route to 4‐Substituted Oxazolidin‐2‐ones from N‐Boc Propargylamines
Authors: Lee Eun‐Sun , Yeom Hyun‐Suk , Hwang Ji‐Hyun , Shin Seunghoon 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAuI‐catalyzed cyclization of N‐Boc propargylamines into 4‐alkylidene oxazolidin‐2‐ones is described. This modularapproach provides access to a variety of nonproteogenic 4‐substituted oxazolidinones that are important in asymmetric synthesis and biological applications. The current flexible route is characterized by low catalyst loading, mild conditions, and operational simplicity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Studies on the Synthesis of Schisandraceae Natural Products: Exploring a Cyclopropylcarbinol Ring Expansion Strategy
Authors: Fischer Derek , Theodorakis Emmanuel A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAcid mediated cyclopropylcarbinol ring expansion has been shown to be a viable method for the construction of the AB ring framework of lancifodilactone F and related terpenoids of the Schisandraceae family of natural products. We found that this rearrangement proceeds with good stereochemical control based on inversion of the C10 cyclopropyl center. Our studies indicate that the cis‐decalin motif of 31 could be used as a key synthetic precursor of certain Schisandraceae metabolites.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Improved β‐Glucanase Production by a Recombinant Escherichia coli Strain using Zinc‐Ion Supplemented Medium
Authors: Beshay U. , Miksch G. , Friehs K. , Flaschel E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn order to investigate the suitability of different metal chelates for affinity chromatography, an expression vector was constructed. It contained a hybrid β‐glucanase as a model protein fused with a His6‐tag and a secretion cassette providing the ability to secrete β‐glucanase into the culture medium. Supplementation of zinc to the medium led to a rapidly increased expression and release of the target protein into the cultivation medium. Results in respect to the supplementation of the commonly used Terrific Broth “TB‐medium” with different metal ions are reported with special emphasis on the influence of zinc ions. A concentration of zinc ions in the order of about 0.175 mM led to optimal results. Batch cultivation under well‐controlled conditions showed that the growth behavior did not change significantly by adding zinc ions. Growth in a stirred tank bioreactor was much faster in unsupplemented TB‐medium compared to shake flask experiments leading to a much higher biomass concentration (15 g/L instead of 3 g/L). The secretion of β‐glucanase under theses conditions started at the transition into the stationary phase and increased to yield an extracellular activity of 1350 U/mL at the end of the fermentation process. An even higher yield of extracellular β‐glucanase (2800 U/mL) was reached when the fermentation was carried out with TB‐medium supplemented with 0.175 mM ZnSO4.
Downscaling of coarse‐grained geomorphological data
Authors: Luoto Miska , Hjort Jan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOne of the basic limitations to the use of geomorphological maps is their coarse resolution relative to the needs of pure and applied geomorphological research. In response to this, attempts have been made to ‘downscale’ geomorphological information to finer spatial resolutions. However, the potential of statistical downscaling in geomorphology has been insufficiently examined. We downscaled four different periglacial features (wind deflation, palsa mire, earth hummock and sorted solifluction sheet) from a 100 ha grid to a 1 ha grid resolution utilizing two different techniques: point sampling (PSA) and direct (DA) approaches. We assessed the predictive accuracy of the models with the area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic plot using independent evaluation data. The PSA technique yielded encouraging results with a mean accuracy of 0·81, whereas the performance of DA was poorer. The predictive performance of the palsa mire and solifluction sheet models was excellent (AUC values from 0·89 to 0·96), whereas the AUC values of deflation and earth hummock models were lower (AUC = 0·57–0·81). The application of a point sampling approach as used here provides an efficient method to translate geomorphological information to finer resolution. However, further testing of the downscaling approaches is required before they can be applied to real‐world situations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long memory models for daily and high frequency commodity futures returns
Authors: Baillie Richard T. , Han Young‐Wook , Myers Robert J. , Song Jeongseok 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe volatility of daily futures returns for six important commodities are found to be well described as FIGARCH, fractionally integrated processes, whereas the mean returns exhibit very small departures from the martingale difference property. Several years of high frequency intraday commodity futures returns are also found to have very similar long memory in volatility features as the daily returns. Semiparametric local Whittle estimation of the long memory parameter in absolute returns also finds very significant long memory features. Estimating the long memory parameter across many different data sampling frequencies provides consistent estimates of the long memory parameter, suggesting that the series are self‐similar. The results have important implications for empirical work using commodity futures price data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:643–668, 2007
Impact of tobacco‐smoke on key signaling pathways in the innate immune response in lung macrophages
Authors: Birrell Mark A. , Wong Sissie , Catley Matthew C. , Belvisi Maria G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMany of the healthcare consequences of cigarette smoking could be due to its ability to compromise the immune system, and in respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a constant low level of infection could be responsible for some of the symptoms/pathology. The aim was to assess the impact of cigarette smoke (CS) on the release of innate effector cytokines in THP‐1 cells and human lung macrophages, and to determine the molecular mechanism behind the altered response. Cells were exposed to CS with and without endotoxin stimulus, cytokines, glutathione, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, IκB kinase‐2 (IKK‐2) activity, nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) pathway activation was measured. Attempts were made to mimic or block the effect of CS by using nicotine, nitric oxide donors/inhibitors, prostanoid inhibitors, and anti‐oxidants. Results showed that CS initially delayed the production of “innate” cytokines (e.g., IL‐1β and IL‐6) and reduced glutathione levels. This was associated with a reduction in NF‐κB pathway activation, which suggested a causative link. CS also increased the phosphorylation of MAPK's and the production of IL‐8 but interestingly only in stimulated cells. Exogenous glutathione treatment reversed both these effects of CS, which suggests that this molecule may play a central role. In conclusion, this data provides a novel mechanistic explanation for why smokers have increased prevalence/severity of respiratory infections. In addition, the suppression of the innate response is accompanied by an increase in the neutrophil chemoattractant, IL‐8, which may suggest a link to the pathogenesis of smoking‐related inflammatory disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 214:27–37, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluoropolymer Based on a Polyaspartamide containing 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole Units: A Potential Artificial Oxygen (O2) Carrier
Authors: Mandracchia Delia , Piccionello Antonio Palumbo , Pitarresi Giovanna , Pace Andrea , Buscemi Silvestre , Giammona Gaetano 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this preliminary work we have prepared a fluorinated polymer capable of solubilizing an appreciable amount of O2 and, at the same time, maintaining a higher water solubility than perfluoroalkanes investigated as injectable O2 carriers. In particular, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new macromolecular conjugate obtained by derivatization of α,β‐poly(N‐2‐hydroxyethyl)‐DL‐aspartamide (PHEA) with 5‐pentafluorophenyl‐3‐perfluoroheptyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole, called PHEA‐F. This new water soluble fluoropolymer was prepared in high yield using a simple procedure. It was characterized by FT‐IR and UV‐vis spectrophotometry, 19F‐NMR and SEC measurements. O2 solubility studies on PHEA‐F aqueous solutions were carried out at 25 °C and 37 °C at atmospheric pressure and showed that PHEA‐F conjugate, despite its low degree of derivatization in fluorine containing groups (2.60 mol‐%), is capable of dissolving 13–15% more O2 than non‐fluorinated PHEA. Moreover, O2 release in simulated physiological conditions is faster for PHEA‐F than for PHEA. The biocompatibility of this conjugate has been evaluated by performing an in vitro viability assay on human chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells (K‐562) chosen as a model cell line and in vitro haemolysis experiments on human RBCs. All these properties suggest the potential use of PHEA‐F as an artificial O2 carrier.magnified image
Lipase‐Catalyzed Synthesis and Curing of High‐Molecular‐Weight Polyricinoleate
Authors: Ebata Hiroki , Toshima Kazunobu , Matsumura Shuichi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHigh‐molecular‐weight polyricinoleate, with an $\overline M _{\rm w} $ of 100 600, was enzymatically prepared by the polycondensation of methylricinoleate using immobilized lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia (IM‐PC) in bulk in the presence of 4 Å molecular sieves at 80 °C for 7 d. Polyricinoleate was a viscous liquid at room temperature with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of −74.8 °C, showed no crystallinity and was biodegraded by activated sludge. Polyricinoleate was readily cured using a dicumyl peroxide at 170 °C for 30 min to produce a chloroform insoluble crosslinked polyricinoleate with a hardness of 50A using durometer A.magnified image
Validity Measurement in Some Propositional Logics
Authors: Boričić Branislav 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe language of the propositional calculus is extended by two families of propositional probability operators, inductively applicable to the formulae, and the set of all formulae provable in an arbitrary superintuitionistic propositional logic is extended by the probability measure axioms concerning those probability operators. A logical system obtained in such a way, similar to a kind of polymodal logic, makes possible to express a probability measure of truthfulness of any formula. The paper contains a description of the Kripke‐type possible worlds semantics covering the considered logical systems, being followed by the corresponding completeness results.
On Theories Having Three Countable Models
Authors: Ikeda Koichiro , Tsuboi Akito , Pillay Anand 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA theory T is called almost 𝒩0‐categorical if for any pure types p1(x1),…,pn(xn) there are only finitely many pure types which extend p1(x1) ∪…∪pn(xn). It is shown that if T is an almost 𝒩0‐categorical theory with I(𝒩0,T) = 3, then a dense linear ordering is interpretable in T.
The role of corticosteroids in muscular dystrophy: A critical appraisal
Authors: Angelini Corrado 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOver the years various steroid trials have been conducted in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In children who are still able to walk as well as in those who are wheelchair‐bound, corticosteroids have been found to stabilize muscle strength for a period of time. Controlled clinical observations have shown that some boys remain ambulatory for years longer than reported in natural history data. The two main steroids used are prednisone/prednisolone and deflazacort. They are probably equally effective in stabilizing muscle strength but may have different side‐effect profiles; for instance, deflazacort causes less weight gain. The exact mechanism by which steroids slow the dystrophic process is under investigation. DMD children treated long term also seem to develop other complications of the condition less frequently. For instance, they develop respiratory insufficiency later and have fewer cardiac symptoms. The therapeutic value of corticosteroids is limited, but these drugs represent the best treatment option currently available. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Recent service‐delivery improvements in local and state governments
Authors: Jarrett James E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn spite of a general public perception — articulated most effectively by proponents of privatization — that government employees are neither productive nor quality oriented, numerous examples of service‐improvement efforts may be cited. Whether initiated by line workers or top management, involving high technology or merely more efficient use of current resources, service‐delivery and operational improvements indicate a move toward greater accountability in public agencies.
Total Quality management in federal agencies
Authors: Burstein Carolyn 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLong recognized by the private sector as the most effective way to improve customer service, federal agencies are implementing the “total quality management” approach to provide high quality and timely products and services to the federal tax‐paying public. Based on the Office of Management and Budget's FY 1990 Management of the United States Government report, this article describes some federal initiatives that could hold lessons for local governments.
Politics for a troubled planet
Authors: Lappé Frances Moore 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn spite of healthy giving and volunteering levels—reflecting community concern among Americans—citizens are not linking their concerns with government policies and citiizen politics. If citizens are to view involvement in the political process as a means to beneficial social change, methods must be installed that foster greater identification of personal welfare with community well being and draw upon the creative capacity of citizens to shape society within the parameters of our democratic institutions.
Progressive roots of the model charter and the manager profession: A positive heritage
Authors: Svara James H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Model City Charter's vision of a form of government with complementary and cooperative relationships between officials who reflect democratic accountability (council members) and administrative professionalism (the manager) is the contribution of the Progressive reform era to the American political tradition. We still benefit from a governmental arrangement that places experts in a position to serve the public better than any alternative form of government. With periodic modification, the council‐manager plan will continue to be the basis and model for responsive and effective local government.
Prospects for state‐local relations
Authors: Roberts Jane F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn spite of a burgeoning era of “do‐it‐yourself federalism.” state and local officials continue to place emphasis on traditional service‐delivery and program responsibilities. They have taken the lead in a broad range of entrepreneurial activities, and are demonstrating progress in forging stronger state‐local partnerships. When viewed together, these developments provide hopeful signals that state and local governments are indeed responding to the challenges posed by a decentralizing federal system and an increasingly complex and internationalized fiscal order.
Thornburg V. fingles: The unresolved issues
Authors: Heath C. Robert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Supreme Court's 1986 decision in Thornburg v. Gingles represents the first occasion on which the 1982 amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (specifically. Section 2) were subjected to the high Court's review. In spite of its landmark Character, the Court's decision offers unclear guidance to local jurisdictions facing redistricting litigation. This article, through analysis of both pre‐ and post‐Thornburg opinions, presents insights into justiciable causes of legal action under Section 2, based on the Court's three‐point criteria.
Enhancing the quality and productivity of state and local government
Authors: Milakovich Michael E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTotal quality management (TQM) is a theory‐based option which allows public managers to reward truly exceptional individual performance while increasing the capacity for agency‐wide cooperation and process improvement. TQM techniques are being applied extensively in federal agencies and provide a promising model for launching a similar quality‐improvement strategy at the state and local levels. This article presents a brief overview of current federal quality‐improvement applications, examines the origins of TQM, describes how the philosophies of leading quality theorists apply, and offers guidelines for overcoming barriers to TQM implementation.
The arts, artists and community development
Authors: Rogowsky Edward T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCommunities have discovered that the encouragement of downtown arts and cultural districts — consisting of galleries, studios, and mixed‐use residential/commercial facilities —offers a unique economic development opportunity based on tourism, historic preservation, and increased downtown residency. Jurisdictions interested in such strategies, however, must be aware of the human service needs of the artists that populate these downtown cultural cores. Commitment to arts‐based redevelopment requires more than changes in zoning codes.