bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Modulation of Crustal Seismicity in Northeastern Japan Driven by Snow Load
Authors: Ueda Taku , Kato Aitaro , Johnson Christopher W. , Terakawa Toshiko 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNumerous studies have reported that surface hydrological loading can seasonally modulate seismicity rates at crustal depths. For example, substantial winter snow accumulation occurs across the Japanese Islands, and these snowy regions appear to have seasonally modulated the occurrence of previous large inland earthquakes. Therefore, it is important to investigate the impact of seasonal stress changes on crustal seismicity to deepen our understanding of earthquake generation. Here we constrain seasonal changes in the surface load across northeastern Japan using Global Navigation Satellite System surface displacements and evaluate the potential relationship between temporal trends in inland seismicity and estimated seasonal stress changes. The spatial distribution of the seasonal surface load is consistent with snow depth along the Sea of Japan. The inland seismicity beneath northeastern Japan is modestly modulated by the seasonal stress changes that are induced by the annual snow load. However, this seasonal response is weaker than that in other regions. This weak modulation may be due to the small surface‐load‐induced stress perturbation relative to the long‐term‐averaged stressing rate and/or the limited presence of crustal fluids to trigger seismicity in Japan.
A Mechanistic Model and Experiments on Bedrock Incision and Channelization by Rockfall
Authors: Beer A. R. , Fischer J. N. , Ulizio T. P. , Ma Z. , Sun Z. , Lamb M. P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRockfall and rock avalanches are common in steep terrain on Earth and potentially on other planetary bodies such as the Moon and Mars. Since impacting rocks can damage exposed bedrock as they roll and bounce downhill, rockfall might be an important erosive agent in steep landscapes, even in the absence of water. We developed a new theory for rockfall‐driven bedrock abrasion using the ballistic trajectories of rocks transported under gravity. We calibrated this theory using laboratory experiments of rockfall over an inclined bedrock simulant. Both the experiments and the model demonstrate that bedrock hillslopes can be abraded by dry rockfall, even at gradients below the angle of repose, depending on the bedrock roughness. Feedback between abrasion and topographic steering of rockfall can produce channel‐like forms, such as bedrock chutes, in the absence of water. Particle size has a dominant influence on abrasion rates and runout distances, while the hillslope angle has a comparatively minor influence. Rockfall transport is sensitive to bedrock roughness; terrain with high friction angles can trap rocks creating patches of rock cover that affect subsequent rockfall pathways. Our results suggest that dry rockfall can play an important role in eroding and channelizing steep, rocky terrain on Earth and other planets, such as crater degradation on the Moon and Mars.
A metagenomic catalog of the early-life human gut virome
Authors: Zeng Shuqin , Almeida Alexandre , Li Shiping , Ying Junjie , Wang Hua , Qu Yi , Paul Ross R. , Stanton Catherine , Zhou Zhemin , Niu Xiaoyu , Mu Dezhi , Wang Shaopu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEarly-life human gut microbiome is a pivotal driver of gut homeostasis and infant health. However, the viral component (known as “virome”) remains mostly unexplored. Here, we establish the Early-Life Gut Virome (ELGV), a catalog of 160,478 non-redundant DNA and RNA viral sequences from 8130 gut virus-like particles (VLPs) enriched or bulk metagenomes in the first three years of life. By clustering, 82,141 viral species are identified, 68.3% of which are absent in existing databases built mainly from adults, and 64 and 8 viral species based on VLPs-enriched and bulk metagenomes, respectively, exhibit potentials as biomarkers to distinguish infants from adults. With the largest longitudinal population of infants profiled by either VLPs-enriched or bulk metagenomic sequencing, we track the inherent instability and temporal development of the early-life human gut virome, and identify differential viruses associated with multiple clinical factors. The mother-infant shared virome and interactions between gut virome and bacteriome early in life are further expanded. Together, the ELGV catalog provides the most comprehensive and complete metagenomic blueprint of the early-life human gut virome, facilitating the discovery of pediatric disease-virome associations in future.
Gamma oscillatory complexity conveys behavioral information in hippocampal networks
Authors: Douchamps Vincent , di Volo Matteo , Torcini Alessandro , Battaglia Demian , Goutagny Romain 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe hippocampus and entorhinal cortex exhibit rich oscillatory patterns critical for cognitive functions. In the hippocampal region CA1, specific gamma-frequency oscillations, timed at different phases of the ongoing theta rhythm, are hypothesized to facilitate the integration of information from varied sources and contribute to distinct cognitive processes. Here, we show that gamma elements -a multidimensional characterization of transient gamma oscillatory episodes- occur at any frequency or phase relative to the ongoing theta rhythm across all CA1 layers in male mice. Despite their low power and stochastic-like nature, individual gamma elements still carry behavior-related information and computational modeling suggests that they reflect neuronal firing. Our findings challenge the idea of rigid gamma sub-bands, showing that behavior shapes ensembles of irregular gamma elements that evolve with learning and depend on hippocampal layers. Widespread gamma diversity, beyond randomness, may thus reflect complexity, likely functional but invisible to classic average-based analyses.
Magnetically driven capsules with multimodal response and multifunctionality for biomedical applications
Authors: Sun Yuxuan , Zhang Wang , Gu Junnan , Xia Liangyu , Cao Yinghao , Zhu Xinhui , Wen Hao , Ouyang Shaowei , Liu Ruiqi , Li Jialong , Jiang Zhenxing , Cheng Denglong , Lv Yiliang , Han Xiaotao , Qiu Wu , Cai Kailin , Song Enmin , Cao Quanliang , Li Liang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUntethered capsules hold clinical potential for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Although considerable progress has been achieved recently in this field, the constraints imposed by the narrow spatial structure of the capsule and complex gastrointestinal tract environment cause many open-ended problems, such as poor active motion and limited medical functions. In this work, we describe the development of small-scale magnetically driven capsules with a distinct magnetic soft valve made of dual-layer ferromagnetic soft composite films. A core technological advancement achieved is the flexible opening and closing of the magnetic soft valve by using the competitive interactions between magnetic gradient force and magnetic torque, laying the foundation for the functional integration of both drug release and sampling. Meanwhile, we propose a magnetic actuation strategy based on multi-frequency response control and demonstrate that it can achieve effective decoupled regulation of the capsule’s global motion and local responses. Finally, through a comprehensive approach encompassing ideal models, animal ex vivo models, and in vivo assessment, we demonstrate the versatility of the developed magnetic capsules and their multiple potential applications in the biomedical field, such as targeted drug delivery and sampling, selective dual-drug release, and light/thermal-assisted therapy.
Mesoporous nanoperforators as membranolytic agents via nano- and molecular-scale multi-patterning
Authors: Yang Yannan , Chen Shiwei , Zhang Min , Shi Yiru , Luo Jiangqi , Huang Yiming , Gu Zhengying , Hu Wenli , Zhang Ye , He Xiao , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlasma membrane lysis is an effective anticancer strategy, which mostly relying on soluble molecular membranolytic agents. However, nanomaterial-based membranolytic agents has been largely unexplored. Herein, we introduce a mesoporous membranolytic nanoperforators (MLNPs) via a nano- and molecular-scale multi-patterning strategy, featuring a spiky surface topography (nanoscale patterning) and molecular-level periodicity in the spikes with a benzene-bridged organosilica composition (molecular-scale patterning), which cooperatively endow an intrinsic membranolytic activity. Computational modelling reveals a nanospike-mediated multivalent perforation behaviour, i.e., multiple spikes induce nonlinearly enlarged membrane pores compared to a single spike, and that benzene groups aligned parallelly to a phospholipid molecule show considerably higher binding energy than other alignments, underpinning the importance of molecular ordering in phospholipid extraction for membranolysis. Finally, the antitumour activity of MLNPs is demonstrated in female Balb/c mouse models. This work demonstrates assembly of organosilica based bioactive nanostructures, enabling new understandings on nano-/molecular patterns co-governed nano-bio interaction.
Dimethyl sulfate and diisopropyl sulfate as practical and versatile O-sulfation reagents
Authors: Yue Shuaishuai , Ding Guoping , Zheng Ye , Song Chunlan , Xu Peng , Yu Biao , Li Jiakun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractO-Sulfation is a vital post-translational modification in bioactive molecules, yet there are significant challenges with their synthesis. Dialkyl sulfates, such as dimethyl sulfate and diisopropyl sulfate are commonly used as alkylation agents in alkaline conditions, and result in the formation of sulfate byproducts. We report herein a general and robust approach to O-sulfation by harnessing the tunable reactivity of dimethyl sulfate or diisopropyl sulfate under tetrabutylammonium bisulfate activation. The versatility of this O-sulfation protocol is interrogated with a diverse range of alcohols, phenols and N-OH compounds, including carbohydrates, amino acids and natural products. The enhanced electrophilicity of the sulfur atom in dialkyl sulfates, facilitated by the interaction with bisulfate anion (HSO4-), accounts for this pioneering chemical reactivity. We envision that our method will be useful for application in the comprehension of biological functions and discovery of drugs.
Crystallization of piezoceramic films on glass via flash lamp annealing
Authors: Song Longfei , Cardoletti Juliette , Martínez Alfredo Blázquez , Benčan Andreja , Kmet Brigita , Girod Stéphanie , Defay Emmanuel , Glinšek Sebastjan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntegration of thin-film oxide piezoelectrics on glass is imperative for the next generation of transparent electronics to attain sensing and actuating functions. However, their crystallization temperature (above 650 °C) is incompatible with most glasses. We developed a flash lamp process for the growth of piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate films. The process enables crystallization on various types of glasses in a few seconds only. The functional properties of these films are comparable to the films processed with standard rapid thermal annealing at 700 °C. A surface haptic device was fabricated with a 1 μm-thick film (piezoelectric e33,f of −5 C m−2). Its ultrasonic surface deflection reached 1.5 μm at 60 V, sufficient for its use in surface rendering applications. This flash lamp annealing process is compatible with large glass sheets and roll-to-roll processing and has the potential to significantly expand the applications of piezoelectric devices on glass.
Charging modulation of the pyridine nitrogen of covalent organic frameworks for promoting oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Yang Xiubei , An Qizheng , Li Xuewen , Fu Yubin , Yang Shuai , Liu Minghao , Xu Qing , Zeng Gaofeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are ideal templates for constructing metal-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction due to their highly tuneable skeletons and controllable porous channels. However, the development of highly active sites within COFs remains challenging due to their limited electron-transfer capabilities and weak binding affinities for reaction intermediates. Herein, we constructed highly active catalytic centres by modulating the electronic states of the pyridine nitrogen atoms incorporated into the frameworks of COFs. By incorporating different pyridine units (such as pyridine, ionic pyridine, and ionic imidazole units), we tuned various properties including dipole moments, reductive ability, hydrophilicity, and binding affinities towards reaction intermediates. Notably, the ionic imidazole COF (im-PY-BPY-COF) exhibited greater activity than the neutral COF (PY-BPY-COF) and ionic pyridine COF (ion-PY-BPY-COF). Specifically, im-PY-BPY-COF demonstrated a half-wave potential of 0.80 V in 0.1 M KOH, outperforming other metal-free COFs. Theoretical calculations and in situ synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the carbon atoms in the ionic imidazole rings improved the activity by facilitating binding of the intermediate OOH* and promoting the desorption of OH*. This study provides new insights into the design of highly active metal-like COF catalysts.
Spatial variations and determinants of iron containing foods consumption among 6–23 months old children in Ethiopia: spatial, and multilevel analysis
Authors: Terefe Bewuketu , Jembere Mahlet Moges , Abie Mekonnen Birhanu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConsuming foods high in iron benefits metabolic processes as well as the development of the neonatal and fetal brain. Despite the significance of eating foods high in iron for public health, Ethiopian practices are still limited when compared to the World Health Organization's (WHO) assessment of its consumption of such foods. This study used the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) to evaluate the consumption of iron-rich foods, regional clustering, and related characteristics among children aged 6–23 months. The information was taken from the typical EDHS 2019 dataset, which included a weighted sample of 1572 young children aged 6–23 months old in total. Utilizing Kuldorff's SaTScan version 9.6 software, spatial scan statistics were produced. Software from ArcGIS 10.8 was used to display the regional distribution of inadequate consumption of foods high in iron. Utilizing multilevel or mixed effects logistic regression analysis, the associated determinants for a healthy diet rich in foods containing iron were found. In the final model, a P-value of < 0.05 was announced as a statistical significance variable. Overall, in Ethiopia, children aged 6–23 months consumed iron-rich foods at a rate of 27.14% (95% CI 24.99–29.39). Poor intake of foods heavy in iron is concentrated in Ethiopia's regional states of Afar, a sizable portion of Amhara, Oromia, Tigray, Somali, Gambela, and SNNPS. Primary and secondary education (AOR = 1.73, CI 95%: 1.23, 2.41), and (AOR = 1.97,CI 95%: 1.25, 3.10), having ≥ 2 under five children, and current status of breastfeeding (AOR = 0.62 (CI 95%: 0.45, 0.84), and (AOR = 0.32, CI 95%: 0.23, 0.44), giving birth at health facilities (AOR = 1.51, CI 95%: 1.06, 2.13),being from Afar and Somali regions (AOR = 0.39, 95%: 0.17, 0.93), and (AOR = 0.26, CI 95%: 0.10, 0.69) have shown statistically significant association with the outcome variable respectively. In Ethiopia, providing high-iron meals and supplements to under-2-year-old children represents minimal, but persistent, public health expenses. Based on the identified determinants, the Ethiopian federal ministry of health and other stakeholders should pay special attention to the locations designated as hot spots for maternal and child health service enhancement to promote the consumption of iron-rich meals among children aged 6–23 months.
Assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of metals in the drinking water of Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Moradnia Maryam , Attar Hossein Movahedian , Hajizadeh Yaghoub , Lundh Thomas , Salari Mehdi , Darvishmotevalli Mohammad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetals are significant contributors to water pollution, posing serious threats to human health. This study aims to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with metals in Isfahan drinking water. Eighty water samples were randomly collected from the city's distribution network between January and March 2020–2021. Inductively coupled plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to measure toxic metals, namely Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, and As concentrations. Results revealed that the mean concentration of Ni (70.03 µg/L) exceeded the WHO reference value (70 µg/L), while the other metals were below the standard values. The average chronic daily intake order of toxic metals was Ni > Cr > Pb > As > Cd. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment through hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) demonstrated that both THI for adults (HQingestion + HQdermal = 4.02E−03) and THI for children (HIingestion + HIdermal = 3.83E−03) were below the acceptable limit (less than 1). This indicated no non-carcinogenic risk to residents through water ingestion or dermal exposure. However, findings indicated that the ingestion route was the primary exposure pathway, with HQ values for ingestion exceeding HQ values for dermal adsorption. Carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the risk associated with As metal exceeded the acceptable limit (1 × 10−6). Therefore, implementing treatment improvement programs and appropriate control measures is essential to safeguard the health of Isfahan City residents.
Three-dimensional identification of microvascular pathology and neurovascular inflammation in severe white matter hyperintensity: a case report
Authors: Solé-Guardia Gemma , Luijten Matthijs , Geenen Bram , Claassen Jurgen A. H. R. , Litjens Geert , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Wiesmann Maximilian , Kiliaan Amanda J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) are the most prevalent markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), which is the major vascular risk factor for dementia. Microvascular pathology and neuroinflammation are suggested to drive the transition from normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) to WMH, particularly in individuals with hypertension. However, current imaging techniques cannot capture ongoing NAWM changes. The transition from NAWM into WMH is a continuous process, yet white matter lesions are often examined dichotomously, which may explain their underlying heterogeneity. Therefore, we examined microvascular and neurovascular inflammation pathology in NAWM and severe WMH three-dimensionally, along with gradual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal (sub-)segmentation. In WMH, the vascular network exhibited reduced length and complexity compared to NAWM. Neuroinflammation was more severe in WMH. Vascular inflammation was more pronounced in NAWM, suggesting its potential significance in converting NAWM into WMH. Moreover, the (sub-)segmentation of FLAIR signal displayed varying degrees of vascular pathology, particularly within WMH regions. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between microvascular pathology and neuroinflammation in the transition from NAWM to WMH. Further examination of neurovascular inflammation across MRI-visible alterations could aid deepening our understanding on WMH conversion, and therewith how to improve the prognosis of SVD.
Refreshment students’ perceived usefulness and attitudes towards using technology: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Toros Emete , Asiksoy Gulsum , Sürücü Lütfi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aims to understand the attitudes of Refreshment students who are active learners towards the use of technology. A model was developed by utilising four important factors impacting technology usage attitudes, namely perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), gerontechnology self-efficacy (GTSE) and attitude towards using technology (ATUT). Quantitative research was used to test the study model. A survey was administered to 318 participants selected through convenience sampling to collect data, which were analysed using AMOS 21.0 and SPSS 26.0 software programmes. The results confirmed that PU influences the attitudes of Refreshment students towards technology usage and PEOU mediates the effect of usefulness on their attitude perception. Moreover, GTSE was found to have a moderate mediating role in the effect of PU on Refreshment students’ attitude through PEOU. The results of this study hold significant implications for the design and implementation of gerontechnology. Theoretically, the findings align with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), suggesting that older adults are more inclined to adopt technology if they perceive it as useful and user-friendly. In practical terms, the study indicates that interventions aimed at enhancing the utility, ease of use, and accessibility of gerontechnology for older adults are likely to be effective in increasing their technology adoption. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of making gerontechnology more accessible and user-friendly, potentially enhancing older adults’ technology adoption and thereby improving their overall quality of life.
Disagreeing without tears
Authors: Zhang Huiyu , Zhao Junxiang , Wu Yicheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Disagreement, while generally seen as an act threatening interlocutors’ face, is indispensable in particular
contexts. Based on an in-depth linguistic and paralinguistic analysis of 12 cases of disagreement from a Chinese venture capital
reality TV show We Are the Hero, we found that in this special context disagreement was a ‘dispreferred’ moment,
but also an informative, educational, and amusing occurrence with multiple functions. While disagreements were frequently
initiated (particularly by the investors), they were mostly indirect, carefully mitigated by participants with linguistic devices
such as explanations, private verbs, questions, humor, as well as paralinguistic devices such as friendly facial expressions and
movements. Furthermore, disagreements, especially aggravated ones, were often interactively mitigated by both on-stage
participants (particularly the host) and the post-production team in an interestingly cooperative way. The interactive process of
mitigating disagreements not only saved the interlocutors’ face, but also contributed to the multiple purposes of the show. Our
findings suggest that politeness, as an invisible hand behind communicative acts, is still present despite the ‘conflict’ that
characterizes this form of TV show.
Effect of chitosan application time on seedlings of various rambutan varieties (Nephelium lappaceum L.)
Authors: Yuniastuti E , Insyira A R , Pujiasmanto B , Sukaya  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chitosan is a compound obtained from the extraction of marine crustaceans. Chitosan has an essential role in agriculture as a plant growth promoter. Research on the effect of chitosan application time on seedlings of various rambutan varieties aims to determine if there is an effect of differences in chitosan application time and varieties on the growth of rambutan seedlings. The research was conducted in March-June 2022 at the Screen House of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University using a Randomize Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors. The first factor was aceh, binjai, and rapiah variety. The second factor is without chitosan application, morning chitosan application, afternoon chitosan application, morning and afternoon chitosan application. Chitosan application was done weekly with a concentration of 2 ml/L. The results showed that chitosan application time in the morning produces the highest plant height in all rambutan varieties. Rapiah gave the best results in plant height and root length, binjai gave the highest results in stem diameter and leaf area, while aceh variety gave the highest results in the number of leaves.