bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classical Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Martínez Carmen , Bazarbachi Ali , Sureda Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHL is a malignancy arising from germinal centre or post-germinal centre B cells. The cancer cells form a minority of the tumour and are surrounded by a reactive inflammatory milieu comprising lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, histiocytes and plasma cells. These malignant cells can be pathognomonic, multinucleate giant cells or large mononuclear cells and, together, are referred to as Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells.
Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Alexander Tobias , Sharrack Basil , Rovira Montserrat , Saccardi Riccardo , Farge Dominique , Snowden John A. , Greco Raffaella 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAutoimmune diseases (ADs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases affecting 8–10% of the Western population, which constitute a heavy burden to society and are often debilitating and disabling for affected individuals. ADs are defined as an impairment of the immune system resulting in the loss of immune tolerance against self-tissues, by the existence of autoreactive T and B cells and by a complex mechanism of multifactorial aetiology, across genetics and environmental factors (Alexander and Greco 2022). Autoimmunity is also linked to autoinflammation, having common features as the activation against self, with subsequent systemic inflammation (Chap. 93).
Solid Tumours
Authors: Ladenstein Ruth , Pedrazzoli Paolo , Rosti Giovanni 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the absence of randomized prospective trials, the EBMT registry remains an important source to survey indications, outcome and clinical risk factors in patients with solid tumours treated by auto- and allo-HCT. At the end of 2022, the EBMT registry included 65,586 HCT for solid tumours in 47,221 patients, with a slight prevalence in adults compared with children (58% vs. 42%). Auto-HCT represented 97% of the total HCT, whereas allo-HCT was used in 3% of the procedures. Multiple transplants were performed in 1/3 of the cases (Table 94.1; Figs. 94.1 and 94.2) compare activity and indications between adults and children.
Women Arrive in the Parliamentary Workplace
Authors: Sawer Marian , Maley Maria 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite achieving the right to stand for parliament, women’s role as wife and mother was expected to largely preclude political ambitions. Parliaments resisted the presence of women, even as Hansard reporters, although out of public view they filled administrative roles in the offices of parliamentarians and ministers. Politics remained a ‘two-person career’, with wives expected to contribute unpaid political support for their husbands, as well as managing family and household. The eventual inflow of younger women into parliament in the 1990s (in Australia, after the adoption of party quotas) led to a struggle to convert a masculine institution into a family-friendly one. Babies in the chamber could no longer be treated as ‘strangers’ and parental leave and childcare were needed. Women took on prominent roles in ministers’ offices, though such positions of influence could be perilous. This chapter tracks changing perspectives on the social expectations, organisational practices and institutional norms that served to exclude women from political careers or to constrain their contribution once they had arrived in parliament.
The Arrival of #MeToo Breaks the Silence
Authors: Sawer Marian , Maley Maria 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInternational standard-setting bodies began drawing attention to the problem of bullying and sexual harassment in the parliamentary workplace even before the arrival of the #MeToo movement led to more and more women politicians and staffers speaking out. Australia was unique in what followed—large protest events around the issue of women’s safety in parliament, which helped make it an election issue. More generally, as scandal mounted, parliaments commissioned surveys to ascertain the extent of bullying, harassment and sexual harassment. The surveys confirmed the prevalence of misconduct and the need for an intersectional approach to analysis and solutions. Precedents from the way financial scandals had been handled (path dependence) became important in the way Westminster parliaments responded, as did policy transfer.
Trying to Turn Parliament into a Model Workplace: UK, Canada and New Zealand
Authors: Sawer Marian , Maley Maria 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe chapter describes the steps taken to reform parliamentary workplaces in the United Kingdom (UK), Canada and New Zealand. There is a particular emphasis on the history of reforms in the UK, as a first mover in the creation of independent oversight of the parliamentary workplace and a source drawn on by later reformers. The three cases demonstrate the difficulties involved in creating robust systems to tackle sexual and sexist misconduct in parliaments. Where regimes are strongly independent—as in the UK—parliamentarians may perceive them as unfair and as a challenge to parliamentary sovereignty. Where they are under the control of parliamentarians—as in Canada—they lack critical independence. In New Zealand’s case, a lack of commitment within the parliament has made constructing a standards regime difficult.
Metabolic profiling identifies Qrich2 as a novel glutamine sensor that regulates microtubule glutamylation and mitochondrial function in mouse sperm
Authors: Zhang Guohui , Guo Juncen , Yang Haoxuan , Li Qing , Ye Fei , Song Yuelin , Xiong Dongsheng , Zeng Jiuzhi , Zhi Weiwei , Yuan Shuiqiao , Lv Yunyun , Li Tongtong , Wang Yan , Liao Lu , Deng Dong , Liu Weixin , Xu Wenming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn our prior investigation, we discerned loss-of-function variants within the gene encoding glutamine-rich protein 2 (QRICH2) in two consanguineous families, leading to various morphological abnormalities in sperm flagella and male infertility. TheQrich2knockout (KO) in mice also exhibits multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) phenotype with a significantly decreased sperm motility. However, how ORICH2 regulates the formation of sperm flagella remains unclear. Abnormal glutamylation levels of tubulin cause dysplastic microtubules and flagella, eventually resulting in the decline of sperm motility and male infertility. In the current study, by further analyzing theQrich2KO mouse sperm, we found a reduced glutamylation level and instability of tubulin inQrich2KO mouse sperm flagella. In addition, we found that the amino acid metabolism was dysregulated in both testes and sperm, leading to the accumulated glutamine (Gln) and reduced glutamate (Glu) concentrations, and disorderly expressed genes responsible for Gln/Glu metabolism. Interestingly, mice fed with diets devoid of Gln/Glu phenocopied theQrich2KO mice. Furthermore, we identified several mitochondrial marker proteins that could not be correctly localized in sperm flagella, which might be responsible for the reduced mitochondrial function contributing to the reduced sperm motility inQrich2KO mice. Our study reveals a crucial role of a normal Gln/Glu metabolism in maintaining the structural stability of the microtubules in sperm flagella by regulating the glutamylation levels of the tubulin and identifiesQrich2as a possible novel Gln sensor that regulates microtubule glutamylation and mitochondrial function in mouse sperm.
A novel fatty acid analogue triggers CD36–GPR120 interaction and exerts anti-inflammatory action in endotoxemia
Authors: Boutanquoi Pierre-Marie , Khan Amira Sayed , Cabeza Lidia , Jantzen Lucas , Gautier Thomas , Yesylevskyy Semen , Ramseyer Christophe , Masson David , Van Waes Vincent , Hichami Aziz , Khan Naim Akhtar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInflammation is a mediator of a number of chronic pathologies. We synthesized the diethyl (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ylphosphonate, called NKS3, which decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNA upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) not only in primary intraperitoneal and lung alveolar macrophages, but also in freshly isolated mice lung slices. The in-silico studies suggested that NKS3, being CD36 agonist, will bind to GPR120. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays demonstrated that NKS3 induced protein–protein interaction of CD36 with GPR120in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Furthermore, NKS3, via GPR120, decreased LPS-induced activation of TAB1/TAK1/JNK pathway and the LPS-induced mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in RAW 264.7 cells. In the acute lung injury model, NKS3 decreased lung fibrosis and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) production in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. NKS3 exerted a protective effect on LPS-induced remodeling of kidney and liver, and reduced circulating IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations. In a septic shock model, NKS3 gavage decreased significantly the LPS-induced mortality in mice. In the last, NKS3 decreased neuroinflammation in diet-induced obese mice. Altogether, these results suggest that NKS3 is a novel anti-inflammatory agent that could be used, in the future, for the treatment of inflammation-associated pathologies.
Accounting for residual errors in atmosphere–ocean background models applied in satellite gravimetry
Authors: Shihora Linus , Liu Zhijun , Balidakis Kyriakos , Wilms Josefine , Dahle Christoph , Flechtner Frank , Dill Robert , Dobslaw Henryk 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Atmosphere and Ocean non-tidal De-aliasing Level-1B (AOD1B) product is widely used in precise orbit determination and satellite gravimetry to correct for transient effects of atmosphere–ocean mass variability that would otherwise alias into monthly mean global gravity fields. The most recent release is based on the global ERA5 reanalysis and ECMWF operational data together with simulations from the general ocean circulation model MPIOM consistently forced with fields from the corresponding atmospheric dataset. As background models are inevitably imperfect, residual errors will consequently propagate into the resulting geodetic products. Accounting for uncertainties of the background model data in a statistical sense, however, has been shown before to be a useful approach to mitigate the impact of residual errors leading to temporal aliasing artefacts. In light of the changes made in the new release RL07 of AOD1B, previous uncertainty assessments are deemed too pessimistic and thus need to be revisited. We here present an analysis of the residual errors in AOD1B RL07 based on ensemble statistics derived from different atmospheric reanalyses, including ERA5, MERRA2 and JRA55. For the oceans, we investigate the impact of both the forced and intrinsic variability through differences in MPIOM simulation experiments. The atmospheric and oceanic information is then combined to produce a new time-series of true errors, called AOe07, which is applicable in combination with AOD1B RL07. AOe07 is further complemented by a new spatial error variance–covariance matrix. Results from gravity field recovery simulation experiments for the planned Mass-Change and Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC) based on GFZ’s EPOS software demonstrate improvements that can be expected from rigorously implementing the newly available stochastic information from AOD1B RL07 into the gravity field estimation process.
Monitoring cotton water status with microtensiometers
Authors: Christenson Clay G. , Gohardoust Mohammad R. , Calleja Sebastian , Thorp Kelly R. , Tuller Markus , Pauli Duke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStem water potential (Ψstem) is a key indicator for assessing plant water status, which is crucial in understanding plant health and productivity. However, existing measurement methods for Ψstem, characterized by destructiveness and intermittency, limit its applicability. Microtensiometers, an emerging plant-based sensor, offer continuous monitoring capabilities and have shown success in certain vine and tree species. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of microtensiometers ability to monitor the Ψstem of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under three distinct irrigation treatments in Maricopa, Arizona, an extremely hot, arid environment. We analyze the diurnal dynamics of Ψstem across the irrigation regimes and compare these measurements with midday leaf water potentials (Ψleaf) obtained using a dewpoint potentiometer. Our results demonstrate that the microtensiometer-derived Ψstem closely follows known diurnal patterns of Ψleaf, tracking with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and responding to variations in irrigation levels and soil moisture content. Time cross-correlation analysis reveals an 80-minute lag in Ψstem response to changing VPD under non-water limiting conditions, which shortens under water-limiting conditions. Additionally, we establish a robust linear relationship (R2adj = 0.82) between Ψstem and Ψleaf, with this relationship strengthening as water availability decreases. Notably, we observe mean gradients of 1.2 and 0.06 MPa between soil vs. stem and stem vs. leaf water potentials, respectively. Moreover, Ψstem data proves to be more sensitive in distinguishing between irrigation treatments earlier in the growing season compared to Ψleaf, leaf temperature and leaf gas exchange parameters. These findings highlight the utility of microtensiometers as valuable tools for monitoring water status in smaller-stemmed row crops such as cotton.
Infection-induced increases to population size during cycles in a discrete-time epidemic model
Authors: Strube Laura F. , Elgart Shoshana , Childs Lauren M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne-dimensional discrete-time population models, such as those that involve Logistic or Ricker growth, can exhibit periodic and chaotic dynamics. Expanding the system by one dimension to incorporate epidemiological interactions causes an interesting complexity of new behaviors. Here, we examine a discrete-time two-dimensional susceptible-infectious (SI) model with Ricker growth and show that the introduction of infection can not only produce a distinctly different bifurcation structure than that of the underlying disease-free system but also lead to counter-intuitive increases in population size. We use numerical bifurcation analysis to determine the influence of infection on the location and types of bifurcations. In addition, we examine the appearance and extent of a phenomenon known as the ‘hydra effect,’ i.e., increases in total population size when factors, such as mortality, that act negatively on a population, are increased. Previous work, primarily focused on dynamics at fixed points, showed that the introduction of infection that reduces fecundity to the SI model can lead to a so-called ‘infection-induced hydra effect.’ Our work shows that even in such a simple two-dimensional SI model, the introduction of infection that alters fecundity or mortality can produce dynamics can lead to the appearance of a hydra effect, particularly when the disease-free population is at a cycle.
On the relation of CMIP6 GCMs errors at RCM driving boundary condition zones and inner region for Central Europe region
Authors: Holtanová Eva , Belda Michal , Crespo Natália Machado , Halenka Tomáš 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlobal climate models (GCMs) are essential for studying the climate system and climate change projections. Due to their coarse spatial resolution, downscaling is necessary on the regional scale. Regional climate models (RCMs) represent a standard solution for this issue. Nevertheless, the boundary conditions provided by GCMs unavoidably influence the outputs of RCMs. This study evaluates CMIP6 GCMs regarding the variables relevant to RCM boundary conditions. Particular focus is on the simulation of CNRM-ESM2-1, which is being used as a driving model for convection-permitting ALARO-Climate RCM, used as one source feeding new Czech climate change scenarios. The analysis is conducted over the boundaries and inside the RCM integration domain. Firstly, an evaluation of CFSR and ERA5 reanalyses against radiosondes is performed to choose an appropriate reference dataset for upper air variables. A high correlation between the two studied reanalysis and radiosondes was revealed, and it slightly decreases at the upper tropospheric levels. ERA5 is then chosen as the reference for the boundary analysis. Over the inner region, the simulated mean annual cycle of impact-relevant variables is validated against E-OBS. The CNRM-ESM2-1 performs well regarding near-surface variables over the Czech Republic, but it exhibits larger errors along the boundaries, especially for air temperature and specific humidity. The GCM performance in simulating the upper air atmospheric variables used as RCM boundary conditions relates rather weakly to the GCM performance in simulating the near-surface parameters in the inner region in terms of parameters relevant for impact studies.
Association between dietary magnesium intake, inflammation, and neurodegeneration
Authors: Alateeq Khawlah , Walsh Erin I. , Ambikairajah Ananthan , Cherbuin Nicolas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Consistent evidence shows that magnesium (Mg) intake is associated with lower blood pressure (BP), and that lower BP is associated with improved cerebral health. However, recent findings indicate that the positive effect of dietary Mg intake on cerebral health is not mediated by a decrease in BP. As Mg’s anti-inflammatory action is a plausible alternative mechanism, the objective of this study was to investigate the associations between Mg intake and inflammation to determine whether it mediates any neuroprotective effect.

Methods
Participants from the UK Biobank (n = 5775, aged 40–73 years, 54.7% female) were assessed for dietary magnesium using an online food questionnaire, brain and white matter lesion (WML) volumes were segmented with FreeSurfer software, and inflammation markers including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leukocyte, erythrocyte count, and Glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA) were measured using specific laboratory techniques such as immunoturbidimetry, automated cell counting, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Hierarchical linear regression models were performed to investigate the association between dietary Mg, and inflammatory markers and between dietary Mg, brain and WMLs volumes. Mediation analysis was performed to test a possible mediation role of inflammation on the association between dietary Mg and brain and WMLs volumes.

Results
Higher dietary Mg intake was associated with lower inflammation: hs-CRP level (− 0.0497%; 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.0497%, − 0.0199%) leukocytes count (− 0.0015%; 95%CI − 0.00151%, − 0.0011%), and GlycA (− 0.0519%; 95%CI − 0.1298%, − 0.0129%). Moreover, higher dietary Mg intake was associated with larger grey matter volume (0.010%; 95%CI 0.004%, 0.017%), white matter volume (0.012%; 95%CI 0.003, 0.022) and right hippocampal volume (0.002%; 95%CI 0.0007, –0.0025%). Lower hs-CRP levels mediated the positive association between higher dietary Mg intake and larger grey matter volume.

Conclusions
The anti-inflammatory effects of dietary Mg intake in the general population, appears to mediate its neuroprotective effect.
Exploring the role of the human microbiome in forensic identification: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Franceschetti Lorenzo , Lodetti Giorgia , Blandino Alberto , Amadasi Alberto , Bugelli Valentina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractForensic microbiology is rapidly emerging as a novel tool for human identification. The human microbiome, comprising diverse microbial communities including fungi, bacteria, protozoa, and viruses, is unique to each individual, offering a new dimension to forensic investigations. While traditional identification methods primarily rely on DNA profiling and fingerprint analysis, they face limitations when complete DNA or fingerprints profiles are unattainable or degraded. In this context, the microbial signatures of the human skin microbiome present a promising alternative due to their resilience to environmental stresses and individual-specific composition. This review explores the potential of microbiome analysis in forensic human identification, evaluating its applications, advantages, limitations, and future prospects. The uniqueness of an individual’s microbial community, particularly the skin microbiota, can provide distinctive biological markers for identification purposes, while technological advancements like 16 S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic shotgun sequencing are enhancing the specificity of microbial identification, enabling detailed analysis of these complex ecological communities. Despite these promising findings, current research has not yet achieved a level of identification probability that could establish microbial analysis as a stand-alone evidence tool. Therefore, it is presently considered ancillary to traditional methods, contributing to a more comprehensive biological profile of individuals.
Characterisation of RT-QuIC negative cases from the UK National CJD Research and Surveillance programme
Authors: Ng Dominic , Watson Neil , McDermott Eugene Ace , Kurucu Hatice , Summers David , Andrews Mary , Green Alison , Barria Marcelo , McKenzie Janet , Tam Johnny , Smith Colin , Pal Suvankar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Incorporation of the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays for diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has transformed diagnosis largely related to its extremely high specificity. However, the test has a c.10% false-negative result and we aim to characterize the clinical features, investigation profile, and molecular subtype in this cohort of patients.

Methods
250 individuals diagnosed with definite sporadic CJD were identified from the UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit from 2012 to 2023. We compared the clinical features and investigation profile in those with a negative CSF RT-QuIC to those with a positive RT-QuIC.

Results
27 individuals (10.8%) were CSF RT-QuIC negative. Median age of onset was younger (62 years vs 68 years, p = 0.002), median disease duration was longer (4.4 months vs 10.5 months, p < 0.001), and these individuals were less likely to present with gait difficulties (73% vs 93%, p = 0.003) or motor symptoms (62% vs 80%, p = 0.04). The sensitivity of electroencephalography and diffusion-weighted MRI were similar in both groups. In those who were RT-QuIC negative, there was an overrepresentation of the VV1 (32% vs 1%) and MM2 molecular subtypes (21% vs 3%). Co-occurring neurodegenerative disease was found in 33% (9/27) of those who were RT-QuIC negative.

Conclusions
Individuals with sporadic CJD and a negative CSF RT-QuIC present with younger age of onset, different clinical features and are over-represented with the VV1 and MM2 subtypes of sporadic CJD. Further work is required to better understand the biochemical properties contributing to RT-QuIC negative results in these cases.
Existence and stability of shrinkers for the harmonic map heat flow in higher dimensions
Authors: Glogić Irfan , Kistner Sarah , Schörkhuber Birgit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe study singularity formation for the heat flow of harmonic maps from $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

. For each $$d \ge 4$$

d
≥
4

, we construct a compact, d-dimensional, rotationally symmetric target manifold that allows for the existence of a corotational self-similar shrinking solution (shortly shrinker) that represents a stable blowup mechanism for the corresponding Cauchy problem.
Chiral Symmetry and Nuclear Interactions
Authors: Epelbaum Evgeny 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAbout 3 decades ago, Steven Weinberg came up with an idea of using the effective chiral Lagrangian to describe nuclear interactions, which has had a long-lasting impact on nuclear physics. Here, I will reflect on what has been learned since that time about the role of chiral symmetry in this context and discuss achievements and challenges in advancing chiral EFT into a precision tool for light nuclei.