bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential Outbreaks of Infections by Distinct
Acinetobacter baumannii
Strains in a Public Teaching Hospital in Houston, Texas
Authors: Shelburne Samuel A. , Singh Kavindra V. , White A. Clinton , Byrne Laura , Carmer Alexis , Austin Celest , Graviss Edward , Stager Charles , Murray Barbara E. , Atmar Robert L. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

Invasive disease due to
Acinetobacter baumannii
is an increasing problem in health care settings worldwide. Whether certain clones of
A. baumannii
are more likely to cause invasive disease in hospitalized patients is unknown. We studied all patients at a public teaching hospital in Houston, Texas, from whom the
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii
complex was isolated over a 14-month period in 2005 to 2006. One hundred seven unique patient isolates were identified, with 87 of the strains classified as being
A. baumannii
, the majority of which were multidrug resistant. The
A. baumannii
isolates were comprised of 18 unique pulsed-field types, with strains of clone A and clone B accounting for 66 of the 87 isolates. Epidemiologic analysis showed the predominance of the two
A. baumannii
clones at distinct time periods, with the remainder of the
A. baumannii
and non-
A. baumannii
strains being evenly distributed. Patients from whom clone A strains were isolated were more likely to be bacteremic than were patients with other
A. baumannii
isolates. Conversely, clone B strains were more likely to be isolated from patients with tertiary peritonitis. Patients from whom clone A was isolated had a significantly higher rate of mortality. Multilocus sequence typing demonstrated that clones A and B are related to each other and to
A. baumannii
strains previously isolated in Western Europe, sharing five of seven alleles. Taken together, we conclude that the outbreak of the
A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii
complex in our institution was due to two distinct
A. baumannii
clones that were associated with significantly different patient outcomes.
Fungal Infection in Patients with Serpiginous Choroiditis or Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy
Authors: Pisa Diana , Ramos Marta , García Patricia , Escoto Remberto , Barraquer Rafael , Molina Susana , Carrasco Luis 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThe etiologies of a number of retinopathies, including serpiginous choroiditis and acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), remain uncertain. Recently, we provided evidence that AZOOR is caused byCandida famatainfection. The purpose of this article was to investigate the presence of fungal infection in five patients affected with serpiginous choroiditis and five patients with diagnosis of AZOOR. To assess the presence of fungal infection the presence of antibodies in human serum samples againstC. famata,C. albicans,C. parapsilosis,C. glabrataandC. kruseiwas analyzed. In addition, quantitative PCR was carried out to detect fungal genomes in whole blood. Finally, the presence of fungal antigens in the serum samples of patients was investigated. Three AZOOR patients presented high antibody titers againstCandidaspp., while antibodies againstCandidaspp. were observed in serum samples from four patients with serpiginous choroiditis. Fungal genomes in peripheral blood were evidenced in serum samples from one AZOOR and four serpiginous choroiditis patients. Fungal antigens were also apparent in the serum of different patients. Our findings indicate that there was evidence of disseminated fungal infection in most patients examined.
Curry Draw, Cochise County, Arizona
Authors: Haynes C. Vance 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Curry Draw, a typical discontinuous gully, is an easterly flowing tributaryof the upper San Pedro River in Cochise County, Arizona (Fig. 1). The arroyo, which appears as an unnamed drainage on the Lewis Springs 7½-minute Quadrangle, exposes the Murray Springs Clovis site in the SW¼SE¼-Sec.26, T21S, R21E, (31°34'13''N, 110°10'40'' W). The site where the stratigraphy is best exposed is reached on foot by following the draw downstream 0.65 mi (1.1 km) from where it crosses Meson Road or by following the abandoned Southern Pacific railroad grade that parallels the draw on the north side. The site is on property of the Bureau of Land Management, and permission to visit it must be obtained from the Safford District Office, 425 East 45th Street, Safford, Arizona 85546.
The Merced Formation and related beds
Authors: Clifton H. Edward , Hunter Ralph E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Merced Formation and consanguineous superjacent strata are well exposed in seacliffs that extend 4.3 mi (7 km) south from Lake Merced to the trace of the San Andreas fault (Fig. 1). The exposures can be reached by walking south along the beach from oceanfront public parking areas west of Lake Merced or via several well-defined trails that lead to the beach from Fort Funston (Fig. 1), a part of the Golden Gate Recreational Area, which provides public parking. The southern part of the exposure can be reached by walking north from a public parking area at Mussel Rock (Fig.1), which can be reached via an access road from Westline Drive in northern Pacifica (Edgemar). The central part of the exposure is presently accessible via a road to the former Thornton Beach State Park at the western end of Alemany Boulevard. This road, however, is now badly disrupted by landslides and affords uncertain future accessibility.The character of the exposure changes as a consequence of local landsliding and seasonal variation in the level of beach sand. The deposits are best viewed following winter storms when the erosion of beach sand provides for fresh, wave-washed exposure. The observer of these deposits should continually be alert forrock falls and the possibility of being isolated by arising tide.
Teton mountain front, Wyoming
Authors: Love J. D. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Three vantage points from which to view the Teton mountain front are discussed (Figs. 1, 2) all in Grand Teton National Park, Teton County, Wyoming. Site 1 is in the NW¼NW¼ Sec.26,T.44N.,R.115W. (U.S.G.S. 7½-minute topographic map of Moran Quadrangle, 1968). Site 2 is in the NW¼SW¼SW¼ Sec.1,T.43N.,R.116W. (U.S.G.S. 7¼-minute topographic map of Moose Quadrangle, 1968). Site 3 is in the center SE¼ Sec.12,T.44N.,R.116W. (U.S.G.S. 7¼-minute topographic map of the Jenny Lake Quadrangle, 1968).
The Calvin 28 cryptoexplosive disturbance, Cass County, Michigan
Authors: Milstein Randall L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGeophysical data, geologic mapping, and the extensive drilling of oil and gas test wells have delineated a subsurface structure in Calvin Township, Cass County, Michigan, T.7S., R.14W.; Adamsville, Michigan, 7½-minute Quadrangle, The center of the structure is approximately 1 mi (1.4 km) southwest of the village of Calvin Center (Fig.1), 1). The feature maintainsa surface topographic expression and a partially encircling drainage pattern, but its major structural complexity is concealed by drift and Paleozoic rock.The location of the Calvin 28 cryptoexplosive disturbanceis shown in Figure 1, which uses an idealized geologic map as a base and to which road numbers have been added. The Calvin 28 cryptoexplosive disturbance can be reached by driving 4 mi (6.4 km) east on Michigan 60 from Cassopolis until encountering the intersection of Calvin Center Road. A right (south) turn on Calvin Center Road will take the visitor toward the structure. After traveling 4.2 mi (6.8 km) on Calvin Center Road, thevisitor will cross over the outer encircling rim of the structure. The outer edge of this rim is delineated by a chain of lakes connected by Christiana Creek (Fig.1), 2). Continuing south on Calvin Center Road 0.5 mi (0.8 km), one encounters the village of Calvin Center. The village is located, subtly, within the annular depression surrounding the central uplift of the structure. Continue south an additional 1 mi (1.6 km) to the junction of Calvin Hill Stree and turn right (west). By traveling 0.5
Basinwide stratigraphic synthesis and sequence stratigraphy, upper Pragian, Emsian and Eifelian stages (Lower to Middle Devonian), Appalachian Basin
Authors: Ver Straeten C. A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract

A new synthesis of the Lower to Middle Devonian (upper Pragian, Emsian and Eifelian) succession across the Appalachian Basin has been developed by high resolution event and sequence stratigraphic analysis. The correlation of numerous marker beds and a hierarchy of cycles in the interval of the Oriskany Sandstone to lower Hamilton Group provide a refined picture of the depositional patterns, faunal changes, formation to member-level (and finer) relationships, and sea-level trends. The succession begins above the Wallbridge Unconformity, or its correlative conformity, which lies beneath the Oriskany Sandstone, not above it as previously thought. The new sequence-stratigraphic framework of Oriskany to lower Hamilton strata comprises nine ‘third order’ stratigraphic sequences (cycles), though an interval of some 25 million years. At a coarse scale, the eustatic Pragian to Eifelian sea-level curve for Euramerica of Johnson
et al.
(1985) shows broad variance with the Appalachian curve, reflecting the regional influence of the Acadian orogeny. However at the finer sequence-scale, the Euramerican sea-level trends are recognizable in the Appalachian Basin succession.
Environmental changes at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary in Central Morocco (Northern Gondwana): integrated rock-magnetic and geochemical studies
Authors: Riquier L. , Averbuch O. , Tribovillard N. , Albani A. E. , Lazreq N. , Chakiri S. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Rock magnetic (magnetic susceptibility and hysteresis parameters) and geochemical analyses (major and trace elements) were carried out on whole rock samples of two Frasnian–Famennian boundary sections, Anajdam and Bou-Ounebdou in the Central Morocco (Western Meseta). During the Frasnian, the decreasing trend of the magnetic susceptibility signal, mainly carried by low-coercivity magnetite grains, indicates a gradual reduction of detrital influx. This decrease in detrital input parallels a Frasnian long-term sea-level rise. In the Late Frasnian Kellwasser Horizons, that are classically considered to represent highstand deposits, the magnetic signal exhibits the lowest intensities in connection with maximum diamagnetic contribution of the carbonate fraction. With respect to geochemical data, the two black carbonate-rich Kellwasser Horizons are characterized by noticeable positive anomalies of bottom-water dysoxic proxies and of marine primary productivity markers. Our data thus suggest that in Central Morocco, the Late Frasnian marine environments were marked by a relatively important biogenic productivity favouring the onset of oxygen-depleted conditions during periods of maximum transgression on the continental platforms.
Understanding disk failure rates
Authors: Schroeder Bianca , Gibson Garth A. 
Published: November 2007

Component failure in large-scale IT installations is becoming an ever-larger problem as the number of components in a single cluster approaches a million.
This article is an extension of our previous study on disk failures [Schroeder and Gibson 2007] and presents and analyzes field-gathered disk replacement data from a number of large production systems, including high-performance computing sites and internet services sites. More than 110,000 disks are covered by this data, some for an entire lifetime of five years. The data includes drives with SCSI and FC, as well as SATA interfaces. The mean time-to-failure (MTTF) of those drives, as specified in their datasheets, ranges from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 hours, suggesting a nominal annual failure rate of at most 0.88%.
We find that in the field, annual disk replacement rates typically exceed 1%, with 2--4% common and up to 13% observed on some systems. This suggests that field replacement is a fairly different process than one might predict based on datasheet MTTF.
We also find evidence, based on records of disk replacements in the field, that failure rate is not constant with age, and that rather than a significant infant mortality effect, we see a significant early onset of wear-out degradation. In other words, the replacement rates in our data grew constantly with age, an effect often assumed not to set in until after a nominal lifetime of 5 years.
Interestingly, we observe little difference in replacement rates between SCSI, FC, and SATA drives, potentially an indication that disk-independent factors such as operating conditions affect replacement rates more than component-specific ones. On the other hand, we see only one instance of a customer rejecting an entire population of disks as a bad batch, in this case because of media error rates, and this instance involved SATA disks.
Time between replacement, a proxy for time between failure, is not well modeled by an exponential distribution and exhibits significant levels of correlation, including autocorrelation and long-range dependence.
Optimal multistream sequential prefetching in a shared cache
Authors: Gill Binny S. , Bathen Luis Angel D. 
Published: November 2007

Prefetching is a widely used technique in modern data storage systems. We study the most widely used class of prefetching algorithms known as
sequential prefetching
. There are two problems that plague the state-of-the-art sequential prefetching algorithms: (i)
cache pollution
, which occurs when prefetched data replaces more useful prefetched or demand-paged data, and (ii)
prefetch wastage
, which happens when prefetched data is evicted from the cache before it can be used.

A sequential prefetching algorithm can have a fixed or adaptive degree of prefetch and can be either synchronous (when it can prefetch only on a miss) or asynchronous (when it can also prefetch on a hit). To capture these distinctions we define four classes of prefetching algorithms: fixed synchronous (FS), fixed asynchronous (FA), adaptive synchronous (AS), and adaptive asynchronous (AsynchA). We find that the relatively unexplored class of AsynchA algorithms is in fact the most promising for sequential prefetching. We provide a first formal analysis of the criteria necessary for optimal throughput when using an AsynchA algorithm in a cache shared by multiple steady sequential streams. We then provide a simple implementation called AMP (adaptive multistream prefetching) which adapts accordingly, leading to near-optimal performance for any kind of sequential workload and cache size.
Our experimental setup consisted of an IBM xSeries 345 dual processor server running Linux using five SCSI disks. We observe that AMP convincingly outperforms all the contending members of the FA, FS, and AS classes for any number of streams and over all cache sizes. As anecdotal evidence, in an experiment with 100 concurrent sequential streams and varying cache sizes, AMP surpasses the FA, FS, and AS algorithms by 29--172%, 12--24%, and 21--210%, respectively, while outperforming OBL by a factor of 8. Even for complex workloads like SPC1-Read, AMP is consistently the best-performing algorithm. For the SPC2 video-on-demand workload, AMP can sustain at least 25% more streams than the next best algorithm. Furthermore, for a workload consisting of short sequences, where optimality is more elusive, AMP is able to outperform all the other contenders in overall performance.
Finally, we implemented AMP in the state-of-the-art enterprise storage system, the IBM system storage DS8000 series. We demonstrated that AMP dramatically improves performance for common sequential and batch processing workloads and delivers up to a twofold increase in the sequential read capacity.
Ilea
Authors: Tan Gang , Morrisett Greg 
Published: November 2007

Java bug finders perform static analysis to find implementation mistakes that can lead to exploits and failures; Java compilers perform static analysis for optimization.allIf Java programs contain foreign function calls to C libraries, however, static analysis is forced to make either optimistic or pessimistic assumptions about the foreign function calls, since models of the C libraries are typically not available.
We propose ILEA (stands for Inter-LanguagE Analysis), which is a framework that enables existing Java analyses to understand the behavior of C code. Our framework includes: (1) a novel specification language, which extends the Java Virtual Machine Language (JVML) with a few primitives that approximate the effects that the C code might have; (2) an automatic specification extractor, which builds models of the C code. Comparing to other possible specification languages, our language is expressive, yet facilitates construction of automatic specification extractors. Furthermore, because the specification language is based on the JVML, existing Java analyses can be easily migrated to utilize specifications in the language. We also demonstrate the utility of the specifications generated, by modifying an existing non-null analysis to identify null-related bugs in Java applications that contain C libraries. Our preliminary experiments identified dozens of null-related bugs.
An open source primer
Authors: Dykstra-Erickson Elizabeth , Cheri Yann 
Published: November 2007

Design projects come in all sizes. Many interaction designers have responsibility for a part of a larger application; many have sole responsibility for the overall experience of an application; and many have responsibility for the care and nurturing of a user experience, where others are free to chime in and change things. This last point reflects the nature of open source: You never know what someone will think up next, or how someone may change what you have already done.
Working successfully as a designer in an open source project means a huge amount of freedom and a lot of homework. You can do almost anything the technology will permit, because that's the point: It's an open and collaborative environment, where anyone can make a contribution. But it's not without rules, and that's where the homework comes in. For designers, it's imperative to understand where the flexibility lies and where the rules apply.
The articles in this section address project management, licensing options, and some of the community issues around open source software from experts working in this field. We also have a case study from the OpenOffice project and a technical introduction to SMIL, an open format for interactivity. We extend our sincere thanks to all of our contributors, and we hope you enjoy this exploration into open source.
Hibachi
Authors: Grosman Tom 
Published: November 2007

Hibachi is an open source (EPL), standard, extensible, vendor-neutral Eclipse Ada development environment. Hibachi is currently in the project proposal phase (see http://www.eclipse.org/projects/dev_process/development_process.php, which involves gathering a viable developer/tester/user community around the project and IP rights to any code contributions. When these pieces are in place, the project can be approved by the Eclipse Management Organization (EMO) and begin producing high quality releases available to end users, as well as third party integrators.
As Hibachi project lead, Mr. Grosman has been in touch with the major active Ada development environment vendors (ACT, Aonix, DDC-I, GHS) and they have all expressed interest and a desire to commit resources to making Hibachi a success. In addition, gnuada development team members have also expressed support for Hibachi and a willingness to participate. Mr. Grosman is also in contact with several Universities who will be contributing engineering effort as part of their curricula (master theses), as well as some major industrial partners who are large scale users of Ada and who have expressed interest in contributing development and/or financial resources. Aonix has offered to contribute the source for its Eclipse plugin, AonixADT as a code base for Hibachi. AonixADT currently supports ObjectAda as well as GNAT/gnuada development. Contributions of existing code from other sources are also a possibility depending on the willingness of other potential contributors. Because of these factors, and the encouragement of the Hibachi project mentor Doug Schaefer, CDT project lead, Mr. Grosman has every expectation that the Hibachi proposal will be accepted and that we will be able to produce a plugin with features as outlined in the Hibachi Proposal-http://www.eclipse.org/proposals/adt/. The development plan outlined in the Hibachi proposal indicates that a first useable release of Hibachi will be available in time for SIGAda in November.
Human Papillomavirus 16/18 E6 Oncoprotein Is Expressed in Lung Cancer and Related with p53 Inactivation
Authors: Cheng Ya-Wen , Wu Ming-Fang , Wang John , Yeh Kun-Tu , Goan Yih-Gang , Chiou Hui-Ling , Chen Chih-Yi , Lee Huei 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Inactivation of p53 by human papillomavirus 16/18 E6 plays a crucial role in cervical tumorigenesis. To investigate the involvement of HPV16/18 in lung tumorigenesis, the association between HPV16 or HPV18 E6 and p53 protein expression in 122 lung tumors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and data showed that HPV16/18 E6 expression correlated inversely with p53 expression, which was further confirmed by tissue in situ immunostaining. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated that E6-positive tumors had lower p21WAF1/CIP1 and mdm2 mRNA levels than E6-negative tumors. To elucidate the role of E6 in p53 inactivation, we successfully established lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with or without HPV16 infection from patients' pleural effusions. Western blotting showed that E6 protein was indeed expressed in HPV16-infected cells and a lower level of p53 protein was observed in E6-positive cells compared with E6-negative cells. Moreover, the levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 and mdm2 mRNA in E6-positive cells were lower than in E6-negative cells. The interaction of E6 with p53 protein was revealed by immunoprecipitation assay showing that p53 could be inactivated by E6 protein. Conversely, p53 proteins and p21WAF1/CIP1 and mdm2 mRNA expressions were restored in E6-knockdown cells by RNA interference compared with control cells. These results reveal that HPV16/18 E6 may be partially involved in p53 inactivation to down-regulate p21WAF1/CIP1 and mdm2 transcription. In conclusion, HPV16/18 E6 is indeed expressed in HPV DNA–positive lung tumors and is involved in p53 inactivation to contributing to HPV-mediated lung tumorigenesis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(22):10686–93]