bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early attainment of breastfeeding competence in very preterm infants
Authors: Nyqvist KH 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To explore the development of breastfeeding capacity in very preterm infants, as an immature sucking behaviour is often mentioned as a barrier in the establishment of breastfeeding in these infants.Subjects and methods: A prospective descriptive design study in which mothers of 15 infants, born at gestational ages between 26 and 31 weeks, used the Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behaviour Scale for daily assessments of their infants' oral motor behaviour in hospital. Semi‐demand feeding with prescription of a total daily volume of milk was practiced during the transition from scheduled to demand feeding.Results: Breastfeeding was initiated from a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 29 weeks. Obvious rooting, efficient areolar grasp, and repeated short sucking bursts were noted from 29 weeks, and occasional long sucking bursts and repeated swallowing from 31 weeks. The maximum number of consecutive sucks was limited to between 5 and 24 sucks, with a median of 17. Full breastfeeding was attained at a median of 35 weeks, between 32 and 38 weeks. The infants' weight gain when fully breastfed was adequate.Conclusion: Very preterm infants have the capacity for early development of oral motor competence that it sufficient for establishment of full breastfeeding at a low postmenstrual age.
Histopathological Observations of a Polylactic Acid‐Based Device Intended for Guided Bone/Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Polimeni Giuseppe , Koo Ki‐Tae , Pringle Gordon A. , Agelan Alexis , Safadi Fayez F. , Wikesjö Ulf ME 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: Barrier devices have been shown to support alveolar bone and periodontal regeneration, a procedure also known as guided bone/tissue regeneration (GBR/GTR). Popular demand and clinical convenience have raised an interest in bioresorbable barrier devices. Tissue reactions to such bioresorbable devices are, however, generally not well explored.Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate short‐ and long‐term tissue reactions following implantation of a bioresorbable polylactic acid (PLA)‐based barrier device using a rat model.Materials and Methods: Twenty‐one young adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. The animals were divided into three groups including 15 animals receiving the PLA device and animals serving as sham surgery (five) or nonoperated (one) controls. Using aseptic techniques, the PLA device was surgically implanted in direct contact with the calvarial bone. Animals receiving the PLA device were sacrificed at 3, 5, 7, and 12 months postsurgery to provide longitudinal histopathological observations of tissue and biomaterials reactions. Control animals were sacrificed at 3 months.Results: Animals were maintained without adverse events. Sham surgery and nonoperated control animals showed no signs of new bone formation or resorption, or signs of inflammatory reactions in adjoining soft tissues. In contrast, extensive amounts of residual biomaterial with evidence of foreign body reactions and bone resorption were observed in animals receiving the PLA device over 12 months.Conclusions: The results suggest that the PLA device may induce bone resorbing foreign body reactions. Importantly, the PLA device does not resorb within a 12‐month healing interval. These biomaterials properties may influence new bone formation and maintenance when applying the device for GBR/GTR.
Temporary Implant‐Supported Prosthesis for Immediate Loading According to a Chair‐Side Concept: Technical Note and Results from 37 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Östman Pär‐Olov , Hellman Mats , Sennerby Lars , Wennerberg Ann 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: During the last years, focus has been paid to implant treatment using immediate function protocols, and different approaches to provide patients with temporary constructions have been presented. Most of these techniques involve dental technicians producing the temporary construction, for example, rebuilding existing dentures, acrylic bridges, etc.Purpose: The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of a chair‐side technique of a cost‐effective temporary prosthesis. Fixture survival rate and risk of temporary bridge failure were analyzed.Materials and Methods: Thirty‐seven partially or totally edentate patients (18 female and 19 male; mean age: 66.7 years) treated with chair‐side manufactured temporary restorations (QuickBridge™, BIOMET 3i, Palm Beach, Fl, USA) for immediate loading have been evaluated. The prostheses extended from two unit bridges supported by two implants to full‐arch construction supported by six implants. The temporary prostheses were monitored from the day of surgery and delivery to the time of replacement with a permanent prosthetic construction 3 to 6 months later.Results: No implants were lost during the observation time. One (3%) temporary prosthesis fractured and additional two (6%) loosened during the follow‐up time.Conclusions: The study indicated that the tested chair‐side concept for manufacturing of temporary prosthesis for immediate loading of dental implants is a viable approach.
The Implant‐Abutment Interface of Alumina and Zirconia Abutments
Authors: Yüzügüllü Bulem , Avci Mehmet 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: Although ceramic and titanium abutments are widely used in clinical practice, the mechanical characterization of the implant‐abutment interface for ceramic abutments has not been evaluated after the dynamic loading.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the implant‐abutment interface after the dynamic loading of titanium, alumina, and zirconia abutments.Materials and Methods: Fifteen aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium abutments were manufactured by the Procera System® (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) and were connected to Ø 3.75 × 13‐mm regular platform implants (MK III, Nobel Biocare AB) secured in a 30° inclined plane. A mechanical testing machine applied compressive dynamic loading between 20 and 200 N at 1 Hz on a standard contact area of copings cemented on abutments for 47.250 cycles. The measurements of microgaps at the implant‐abutment interface from the labial, palatinal, mesial, and distal surfaces of each specimen were undertaken by scanning electron microscope analyses prior to and after the experiments. The data of the microgaps before and after the dynamic loading were statistically assessed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Kruskal–Wallis variance analysis (α = 0.05).Results: Coping fracture, abutment fracture, or abutment screw loosening or fracture was not detected in any specimen during the entire test period. After the dynamic loading, the titanium abutment control group revealed an increased microgap (3.47 µm) than zirconia (1.45 µm) and alumina (1.82 µm) groups at the palatinal site (p < .05). The mean measurement values at different measurement sites of specimens within and between each abutment group were similar (p > .05).Conclusion: Owing to their comparable microgap values at the implant‐abutment interface after the dynamic loading, ceramic abutments can withstand functional forces like conventional titanium abutments.
Histopathological Changes of Placenta Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Rats
Authors: PADMANABHAN Rengasamy , SINGH Shamer 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe possible role of placental pathology in teratogenesis has not been fully understood. Since cyclophosphamide is a proven teratogen, it was decided to investigate its effect on placental histology. A single dose of cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg) administered to pregnant rats on day 12 of gestation resulted in various malformations and stunting of fetuses at term. The placentae were significantly (P < 0.001) lighter and their margins contained a patch of necrotic substance. The decidua basalis showed dilatation of blood spaces, hemorrhage and infarction. Giant cells were numerous and the glycogen cells sparce in the basal zone. Vast areas of infarction and necrosis were also evident here. The labyrinths were shorter and often hyalinised. In two cases cysts of considerable size occupied the centre of the labyrinthine zone. The necrotic patch was found to be fibrinoid in nature with and without the association of large giant cells and lymphocytes.
Pyrimethamine Teratogenesis by Short Term Administration in Goettingen Miniature Pig
Authors: YAMAMOTO Yuzuru , OHNISHI Masatoshi , KOKUE Ei‐ichi , HAYAMA Toyoaki , AOYAMA Hiroaki , KANEDA Masahiro , TERAMOTO Shoji 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPyrimethamine was mixed with mashed feed and given to pregnant sows of Goettingen miniature pig through a part of the period of organogenesis. A high incidence of the major malformations such as cleft palate, club foot and micrognathia was observed in 13 out of 24 newborns from 5 pregnants which a teratogenic dose (3.6 mg/kg of body weight/day) from day 11 to day 22 of gestation, the first half of the organogenetic period. Only one cleft palate was observed among the 23 newborns from 4 pregnants administered the same dose through the second half of the period. Among the 51 newborns from 10 pregnants which the same dose through the first or second quarter, only 4 newborns showed external major malformations. However, 19 out of 38 live newborns without external major malformations in these groups died within 2 days after birth. Clinical symptoms of these neonatally dead young were similar to splayleg, a naturally occurring functional anomaly in pigs. No internal malformation was revealed by the autopsy of these dead newborns.
Conotruncal Anomalies Induced in Chick Embryos by 2 MeV Neutron Radiation
Authors: KAWAMURA Tsukasa 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRadiation of 2 MeV neutrons was used to induce conotruncal anomalies experimentally in chick. White leghorn eggs were exposed to a single dose of neutrons ranging from 50 to 250 rads at various stages of the development. Cardiovascular anomalies were found in 209 (40%) of 526 treated embryos; conotruncal anomalies (81/209 or 39%), simple VSD (56/209 or 27%), isolated aortic arch anomalies (69/209 or 33%) and others (3/209 or 1%). The conotruncal anomalies were induced at considerably high incidences by exposures during the 3rd day of incubation and the highest incidence was 74% in the cases malformed by 220 rads. The types of conotruncal anomalies observed were as follows: VSD with pulmonary overriding (52 cases), VSD with aortic overriding (11 cases), DORV (10 cases), truncus arteriosus (6 cases) and complete TGA (2 cases). Sixty (74%) of these cases had aortic hypoplasia, constituting coarctation or interruption complex similar to that seen in man. It is generally thought that the experimental production of complete TGA in chick appears to be impossible when utilizing ordinary teratogenic means. However, neutron radiation could induce this peculiar anomaly in chick.
Environmental Mutagen, Carcinogen and Teratogen Information Department GI Environmental Teratology Information Center
Authors: TANIMURA Takashi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA system of rapid and comprehensive access to the literature of developmental toxicity, including teratogenicity, of environmental agents has been developed and operated by the Environmental Teratology Informa‐ tion Center (ETIC). On‐line retrieval services have been provided through TOXLINE and RECON. The ETIC file has accommodated about 31,500 reports on 8720 agents selected from 3000 sources as of November 1, 1983.In this communication, the history and present status of ETIC is introduced and an example is presented on how to utilize the ETIC file by TOXLINE in Japan. ETIC welcomes requests of members of our Society to use the file and also expects to receive more Japanese references since ETIC has a Japanese technologist.
Studies on the Relation between Alkylating Agent‐Induced Chromosomal Aberrations and Embryotoxicity in Mice. II. The Potentiation of Teratogenicity and Clastogenicity of Isopropyl Methanesulfonate, N‐Methyl‐N‐Nitrosourea and Dimethyl Sulfate by Caffeine
Authors: NAGAO Tetsuji , MIZUTANI Masahiro 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT: The effects of caffeine on embryotoxicity including teratogenicity and clastogenicity of different classes of teratogens were examined in ICR‐mice in order to make clear the relationship between embryotoxicity and induced chromosomal aberrations in embryos. The teratogens used were isopropyl methanesulfonate (IPMS, 100 mg/kg), N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU, 20 mg/kg) and dimethyl sulfate (DMS, 25 mg/kg).In teratological studies, teratogens were given intraperitoneally on day 12 of gestation and caffeine subcutaneously in five divided doses (100 mg/kg for each) at 6 hours intervals during 0–24 hours following the teratogen treatment. In cyto‐genetical studies, teratogens (ip) were administered to ICR‐mice along with caffeine (sc) at a dose of 200 mg/kg on day 12 of gestation. Embryotoxicity was checked on day 18 of gestation, and clastogenicity at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours following the co‐administration of these drugs.The co‐administration of caffeine and any one of these teratogens induced potentiative response in the formation of gross malformations and particularly in the production of chromosomal aberrations. The data obtained suggest the positive association of teratogenicity with clastogenicity of IPMS, MNU and DMS. Excess cell death due to chromosomal aberrations is highly suggestive as one of the mechanisms of embryotoxicity including teratogenicity of these teratogens.
Bilateral Cleft Lip Repairs: The Manchester Method and Presurgical Orthodontic Treatment*
Authors: HAMAMOTO Junji 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT  From 1974 to 1984 we have performed operations on 142 patients with bilateral cleft lip using the Manchester method. Presurgical oral orthodontics were given to 84 patients out of 142. We used a head cap with elastic band and oral appliance which was devised by Dr. J. H. Peat. Experience proves that the earlier presurgical oral orthodontics was begun, the more more satisfactory were the results. Treatment of our cases was started as early as at approximately 4‐6 weeks of age. The average length of treatment was 8 weeks, and the patients were opearated on at the age of 3‐5 months.Post operative results in almost all of our cases were satisfactory. The advantages were 1) lip with satisfactory lenght, 2) acceptable scar pattern, 3) free prolabium and deep gingiva‐labial sulcus.However, several problems to be overcome in our cases were remained. These problems appeared severely depending on the degree of congenital deformity. Secondary repair to the extremely depressed nose and short columella was performed at the age of 4‐6 years. In these cases we made a forked flap on the upper lip and elongated a short columella while at the same time repairing the wide cupid's bow.
Prune Belly Syndrome: Report of Twelve Autopsy Cases and Possible Pathogenesis
Authors: KAWAMOTO Kenji , IKEDA Takayoshi , MATSUO Takeshi , MAEDA Hiroshi , OKAMOTO Naomasa , SATOW Yukio , AKIMOTO Naotaka , LEE Juing‐Yi 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Twelve autopsy cases (9 males, 3 females) of the prune belly syndrome are presented. Principal anomalies of this syndrome are a prune‐like abdominal feature and a giant bladder. Urethral atresia was observed in most but two cases. Imperforate anus and rectovesical fistula were observed in 8 and 7 cases respectively. Associated anomalies were those which may or may not be embryologically related to the principal anomalies.As regards the pathogenesis, the authors propose that a primary defect may occur during any developmental stage of the somitic mesoderm, genital tubercle and urethra. In conclusion, the prune belly syndrome may be of spectrum anomalies depending on the stage specificity mainly in the abdominal wall and genito‐urinary organs.
Pathogenesis of a Bisdiamine‐Induced Malformation Complex in Rat Resembling DiGeorge Syndrome
Authors: OKISHIMA Takahiro , OHDO Shozo , HAYAKAWA Kunio , OKAMOTO Naomasa 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Administration of the antispermatogenic agent bis‐diamine (N, N'‐bis‐(dichloroacetyl)‐1, 8‐octamethylenediamine) to pregnant rats produced a malformation complex resembling DiGeorge syndrome in man. The malformations consisted of hypoplasia or aplasia of the thymus, persistent truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, aberrant subclavian artery and other cardiovascular anomalies, as well as hypoplasia of the parathyroid gland, thyroid gland, and the spleen. The malformation complex appeared with a high incidence when the drug was administered on day 9.5 or day 10 of gestation.Since the connective tissues of the thymus, aorticopulmonary septum, smooth muscles of the media of the aortic arch artery, and connective tissues of the parathyroid and the thyroid glands, are of neural crest origin, and since the time of their migration is around day 10 of gestation, we postulate that the action of bis‐diamine might be involution of the migration of the neural crest cells and of its pathways.We further suggest from the findings of persistent atrioventricular canal and hypoplasia of the spleen, that the drug must have also affected the growth of mesenchymal cells, which originate from the endocardial epithelial cells.
The Genetics of Hand Malformations: Updated*
Authors: TEMTAMY Samia A. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract The main values of our knowledge of the genetics of birth defects are proper diagnosis and counseling.A classification of hand malformations on anatomic and genetic grounds was proposed by Temtamy (1966), Temtamy and McKusick (1969, 1978): The ten main categories are (1) Absence, (2) Brachydactyly, (3) Syndactyly, (4) Polydactyly, (5) Symphalangism, (6) Arachnodactyly, (7) Macrodactyly, (8) Carpal/Tarsal synostosis, (9) Congenital ring constrictions, and (10) Contractures.The hand malformation is either isolated or associated with other organ malformation as a part of syndromes. In the monograph by Temtamy and McKusick (1978), numerous new syndromes were identified, some of which were based on single or few observations.The paper summerizes the pertinent findings in a computerized literature survey of absence or deficiency malformation as part of synderomes reported between 1977 and 1983.Analysis of the literature confirmed the identity of previously reported syndromes and added “new” entities.The originally proposed classification of hand malformations proved to be useful and allowed for easy sorting out of the recent literature and for indentification of new syndromes.
Age of Onset and Progress by Ageing in High Myopia
Authors: FUJIKI Keiko , MOROTOMI Kuniko , KABASAWA Kazuyuki , AKAMATSU Tsunehiko , NAKAJIMA Akira 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe amount of refractive errors, visual acuity, fundus findings, age of onset and other relevant data were examined in 614 cases of myopia, at the Department of Ophthalmology in Juntendo University.Twenty‐seven per cent (27/100 cases) among high myopia (‐15.0D ± 7.5D) with typical chorio‐retinal atrophy and 20% (55/275 cases) of myopia (‐12.7D ± 6.4D) without typical myopic atrophy had onset at 4 yrs old or younger. However, there was no case whose age of onset was 4 yrs old or younger among 239 cases of myopia with 5D or weaker. All of them had onset in 7 yrs old or older.The average corrected visual acuity became worse as the patient became older, especially in 'high myopia with chorio‐retinal atrophy, it was (0.4‐0.5 already in childhood and about 0.2 in 40 yrs old or older). However, the corrected visual acuity in high myopia without typical myopic atrophy was kept comparatively good (about 0.7 in 40s or younger and 0.4 in 60s or older). Degree of myopia increased significantly by age, but stopped at around the 40s. These facts show that early age of onset of high myopia is very important.
Sensitive Period for Rubratoxin 6‐Induced Malformations in ICR Mice
Authors: SURJONO Tien , SYARIEF Tjitjih , SUDARWATI Sri , OKADA Kenji 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Single dose of 0.6 or 1.2 mg/kg of rubratoxin B was administered intraperitoneally into the pregnant S1c: ICR mice on one day between day 6 and day 9 of gestation, and the fetuses were examined on day 18 of gestation. Gross malformations produced were neural tube defects, omphalocele, cleft palate, short or kinky tail, clubfoot and micromelia. Razor blade sections revealed dysgenetic hydrocephaly, microphthalmia, anophthalmia, renal hypoplasia, unilateral absence of kidney and uterine horn hypoplasia, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and apex bifida of the heart. Skeletal specimens showed dislocation, deformity, fusion, splitting or absence of vertebral bodies, fusion of vertebral arches, fused ribs, and scoliosis. Delayed ossification of axial and appendicular skeleton was also noted.The sensitive periods for the above rubratoxin B‐induced malformations were restricted in the beginning of organogenetic period. No rubratoxin B‐specific type of malformations was found.
A Case Report: Hypertelorism, Microtia, Cleft Palate with a de novo Balanced Chromosome Translocation, t(1q –; 7p+)
Authors: MOTOHASHI Nobuyoshi , KURODA Takayuki , IKEUCHI Tatsuro 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT One male Japanese patient diagnosed as probable Hypertelorism‐Microtia‐Clefting (HMC) syndrome was presented. In addition to the striking clinical findings including a cleft palate, and eye and ear anomalies, chromosomal analysis revealed a karyotype of 46,XY,t(1q‐;7p+).The radiographic examinations based on cephalometric analysis have been added to an appreciation of the craniofacial dysmorphology of this patient. The comparative study between the present case and 38 cleft palate patients without other anomalies clearly disclosed characteristic craniofacial dysmorphology of this case, including platybasia, bony orbital hypertelorism, short anterior face, and micrognathia. Particularly, this micrognathia was distinguished by marked antegonial notch, short ramus height, and clockwise rotation resulting in the steep mandible.
Embryopathy in Genetically Diabetic Mice, Yellow KK, and Its Prevention by Maternal Therapy
Authors: OOSHIMA Yojiro , IHARA Toshio 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Embryopathy in yellow KK mice with non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus was examined among the conceptuses of females mated at 7, 11, and 13 weeks of age.The numbers of corpora lutea and implants were comparable in all maternal age groups. Early embryonic deaths were frequently observed in all maternal age groups (37.7 46.4%), but no significant difference was found among the groups. The incidence of late embryonic deaths was significantly higher in 11‐ and 13‐wk‐old dams (25.6% and 28.8%) than in 7‐wk‐old dams (14.4%). Moreover, in 13‐wk‐old dams, but not in 7‐wk‐old dams, a positive correlation existed between maternal plasma glucose levels on day 18 of pregnancy and late embryonic deaths. Fetuses from 13‐wk‐old dams weighed less than those from 7‐wk‐old dams (0.73 g vs 0.86 g).Yellow KK mice mated at 13 weeks of age were treated with an oral‐hypoglycemic agent, 5‐[4‐(l‐methylcyclohexylmethoxy)benzyl] thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione (ciglitazone), as an 0.1% dietary admixture. Plasma glucose on day 18 of pregnancy was lower in all treated groups (159‐170 mg/dl) than in the untreated control (345 mg/dl). A significant decrease of late embryonic deaths (12.7‐15.6%) and a slight increase of fetal weights (0.79‐0.81 g) were noted when compared with the untreated controls (36.8% and 0.74 g).