bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NovelFam3000 – Uncharacterized human protein domains conserved across model organisms
Authors: Kemmer Danielle , Podowski Raf M , Arenillas David , Lim Jonathan , Hodges Emily , Roth Peggy , Sonnhammer Erik LL , Höög Christer , Wasserman Wyeth W 
Published: March 2006

Abstract

Background
Despite significant efforts from the research community, an extensive portion of the proteins encoded by human genes lack an assigned cellular function. Most metazoan proteins are composed of structural and/or functional domains, of which many appear in multiple proteins. Once a domain is characterized in one protein, the presence of a similar sequence in an uncharacterized protein serves as a basis for inference of function. Thus knowledge of a domain's function, or the protein within which it arises, can facilitate the analysis of an entire set of proteins.

Description
From the Pfam domain database, we extracted uncharacterized protein domains represented in proteins from humans, worms, and flies. A data centre was created to facilitate the analysis of the uncharacterized domain-containing proteins. The centre both provides researchers with links to dispersed internet resources containing gene-specific experimental data and enables them to post relevant experimental results or comments. For each human gene in the system, a characterization score is posted, allowing users to track the progress of characterization over time or to identify for study uncharacterized domains in well-characterized genes. As a test of the system, a subset of 39 domains was selected for analysis and the experimental results posted to the NovelFam3000 system. For 25 human protein members of these 39 domain families, detailed sub-cellular localizations were determined. Specific observations are presented based on the analysis of the integrated information provided through the online NovelFam3000 system.

Conclusion
Consistent experimental results between multiple members of a domain family allow for inferences of the domain's functional role. We unite bioinformatics resources and experimental data in order to accelerate the functional characterization of scarcely annotated domain families.
Injuries in Aleppo, Syria; first population-based estimates and characterization of predominant types
Authors: Maziak Wasim , Ward Kenneth D , Rastam Samer 
Published: March 2006

Abstract

Background
Despite the growing burden of injuries worldwide, Syria and many other Arab countries still lack population-based estimates of different types of injuries. This study aims toprovide first population-based estimates of major injuries in Syria and characterize groups at increased risk.

Methods
An interviewer-administered population-based survey of adults 18–65 years residing in Aleppo, Syria was conducted in 2004. The study sample involved 2038 household representatives in Aleppo (45.2% men, mean age 35.3 ± 12.1, response rate 86%). We inquired about participants self-reported injuries in the past year that required medical attention as well as injuries among their household members. When reported, injuries were further assessed according to type, place, and outcome.

Results
Overall, there was 153 self-reported injuries in the past year (77.3 per 1000 adult respondents, 93.1 per 1000 in men and 64.4 per 1000 in women, p = 0.02). Other than gender, injuries differed by age (the older age group being least affected), and place of occurrence, as men were more likely to sustain traffic injuries and be injured outside the home. Injuries were reported among 236 household members (21.0 per 1000), and were slightly more frequent in children than adults (22.0 per 1000 for children, and 19.7 per 1000 for adults, p = 0.2). Traffic injuries, falls, and poisoning (food) were by far the most common types of injury experienced by participants as well as their household members. Falls and traffic injuries seem to have caused most morbidity for the injured, while burns, although not frequently reported, were associated with an unfavorable outcome in the majority of cases.

Conclusion
This information provides baseline information about the burden of different injuries in Syria, and the sociodemographic factors related to them.
A heart failure self-management program for patients of all literacy levels: A randomized, controlled trial [ISRCTN11535170]
Authors: DeWalt Darren A , Malone Robert M , Bryant Mary E , Kosnar Margaret C , Corr Kelly E , Rothman Russell L , Sueta Carla A , Pignone Michael P 
Published: March 2006

Abstract

Background
Self-management programs for patients with heart failure can reduce hospitalizations and mortality. However, no programs have analyzed their usefulness for patients with low literacy. We compared the efficacy of a heart failure self-management program designed for patients with low literacy versus usual care.

Methods
We performed a 12-month randomized controlled trial. From November 2001 to April 2003, we enrolled participants aged 30–80, who had heart failure and took furosemide. Intervention patients received education on self-care emphasizing daily weight measurement, diuretic dose self-adjustment, and symptom recognition and response. Picture-based educational materials, a digital scale, and scheduled telephone follow-up were provided to reinforce adherence. Control patients received a generic heart failure brochure and usual care. Primary outcomes were combined hospitalization or death, and heart failure-related quality of life.

Results
123 patients (64 control, 59 intervention) participated; 41% had inadequate literacy. Patients in the intervention group had a lower rate of hospitalization or death (crude incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.69; CI 0.4, 1.2; adjusted IRR = 0.53; CI 0.32, 0.89). This difference was larger for patients with low literacy (IRR = 0.39; CI 0.16, 0.91) than for higher literacy (IRR = 0.56; CI 0.3, 1.04), but the interaction was not statistically significant. At 12 months, more patients in the intervention group reported monitoring weights daily (79% vs. 29%, p < 0.0001). After adjusting for baseline demographic and treatment differences, we found no difference in heart failure-related quality of life at 12 months (difference = -2; CI -5, +9).

Conclusion
A primary care-based heart failure self-management program designed for patients with low literacy reduces the risk of hospitalizations or death.
Identifying patients at risk of nursing home admission: The Leeds Elderly Assessment Dependency Screening tool (LEADS)
Authors: Slade Anita , Fear Jon , Tennant Alan 
Published: March 2006

Abstract

Background
Discharge from hospital to a nursing home represents a major event in the life of an older person and should only follow a comprehensive functional and medical assessment. A previous study identified 3 dependency scales able to discriminate across outcomes for older people admitted to an acute setting. We wished to determine if a single dependency scale derived from the 3 scales could be created. In addition could this new scale with other predictors be used as a comprehensive tool to identify patients at risk of nursing home admission.

Methods
Items from the 3 scales were combined and analysed using Rasch Analysis. Sensitivity and specificity analysis and ROC curves were applied to identify the most appropriate cut score. Binary logistic regression using this cut-off, and other predictive variables, were used to create a predictive algorithm score. Sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio scores of the algorithm scores were used to identify the best predictive score for risk of nursing home placement.

Results
A 17-item (LEADS) scale was derived, which together with four other indicators, had a sensitivity of 88% for patients at risk of nursing home placement, and a specificity of 85% for not needing a nursing home placement, within 2 weeks of admission.

Conclusion
A combined short 17-item scale of dependency plus other predictive variables can assess the risk of nursing home placement for older people in an acute care setting within 2 weeks of admission. This gives an opportunity for either early discharge planning, or therapeutic intervention to offset the risk of placement.
Prevalence of self-reported hypercholesterolaemia and its relation to dietary habits, in Greek adults; a national nutrition & health survey
Authors: Milias George A , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B , Pitsavos Christos , Xenaki Dimitra , Panagopoulos George , Stefanadis Christodoulos 
Published: March 2006

Abstract

Background
The strong causal role of hypercholesterolaemia on the progression of atherosclerosis and subsequently on the development of cardiovascular disease is well described. Main aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported hypercholesterolaemia and its relation to nutritional habits, in a representative nationwide sample of adult Greek population.

Methods
Cross sectional survey. Based on a multistage sampling, 5003 adults (18 – 74 yr) were enrolled (men: 48.8%, women: 51.2%). All participants were interviewed by trained personnel who used a standard questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle habits and nutritional assessment.

Results
The prevalence of self-reported hypercholesterolaemia was 16.4% in men and 21.8% in women (P < 0.001). Hypercholesterolaemic status was positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, obesity and physical inactivity, and inversely with the prevalence of smoking. The analysis of reported food consumption patterns showed that consumption of fish, fruits and juices, cereals, and low fat milk and yogurt was significantly higher among hypercholesterolaemic participants while the opposite was observed for food items as red meat, pork, egg, full fat dairy products and desserts.

Conclusion
Hypercholesterolaemia seems to affect a large part of Greek population. It is hopeful that hypercholesterolaemics may have started adopting some more healthy nutritional behaviour compared to normocholesterolaemic ones.
Sib-recruitment for studying migration and its impact on obesity and diabetes
Authors: Lyngdoh Tanica , Kinra Sanjay , Shlomo Yoav Ben , Reddy Srinath , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Smith George Davey , Ebrahim Shah ,   the Indian migration study group
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Background
Urban-rural comparisons are of limited relevance in examining the effects of urban migration in developing countries where urbanisation is due to growth of existing urban populations, expansion of urban boundaries, and rural in-migration. Cultural, genetic and life-style backgrounds of migrants and host populations further limit the value of rural-urban comparisons. Therefore we evaluated a sib-comparison design intended to overcome the limitations of urban-rural comparisons.

Methods
Using the framework of a current cardiovascular risk factor screening study conducted in Indian factories, we recruited the non-migrant rural sibs of migrant urban factory workers and the urban sibs of non-migrant factory workers. The response rate, completed interviews and examinations conducted were assessed. Adequacy of generic food frequency questionnaires and WHO quality of life questionnaire were assessed.

Results
All the urban factory workers and spouses approached agreed to be interviewed. Of the 697 participants interviewed, 293 (42%) had at least one rural dwelling sibling. Twenty (22%) siblings lived further than 100 km from the study site. An additional 21 urban siblings of non-migrant factory workers were also investigated to test the logistics of this element of the study. Obesity (BMI >25 kg/m2) was more common in rural sibs than urban factory workers (age adjusted prevalence: 21.1% (17.1 to 25.0) vs. 16.1% (11.9, 20.3). Diabetes prevalence (fasting plasma glucose greater than 126 mg/dl) was higher than expected (age-adjusted prevalence: 12.5% (22 out of 93) in urban migrants and 4.5% (8 out of 90) in rural non-migrant sibs.

Conclusion
The sib-comparison design is robust and has been adopted in the main study. It is possible that simple urban-rural study designs under-estimate the true differences in diabetes risk between migrants and non-migrants.
Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and Trastuzumab As Primary Systemic Therapy for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Hurley Judith , Doliny Philomena , Reis Isildinha , Silva Orlando , Gomez-Fernandez Carmen , Velez Pedro , Pauletti Giovanni , Powell Jodeen E. , Pegram Mark D. , Slamon Dennis J. 
Published: March 2006

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of docetaxel, cisplatin, and trastuzumab as primary systemic therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive, locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Patients and Methods Forty-eight patients with immunohistochemistry-confirmed HER2-positive LABC or inflammatory breast cancer received 12 weeks of docetaxel, cisplatin, and trastuzumab with filgrastim, followed by surgery, adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, and locoregional radiotherapy with or without tamoxifen. The primary end point was pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast. Results Baseline mean tumor size was 9.2 cm (range, 4 to 32 cm). pCR occurred in breast in 11 patients (23%; 95% CI, 12% to 37%) and breast and axilla in eight patients (17%; 95% CI, 8% to 30%). pCR rates in breast (HER2 positive, seven of 30 patients, 23% v HER2 negative, four of 18 patients, 22%; P > .05) and breast and axilla (four of 30 patients, 13% v four of 18 patients, 22%, respectively; P > .05) were similar regardless of HER2 status by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). At a median follow-up time of 43 months, 4-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 81% (95% CI, 64% to 90%); overall survival (OS) rate was 86% (95% CI, 71% to 94%). In patients with pCR in breast and axilla, PFS and OS rates were 100% (95% CI, inestimable). In patients without pCR, PFS rate was 76% (95% CI, 57% to 88%; P = .15, log-rank test), and OS rate was 83% (95% CI, 66% to 92%; P = .21). Survival rates were similar regardless of FISH status. There were only two grade 4 adverse events. Conclusion Twelve weeks of docetaxel, cisplatin, and trastuzumab is clinically active and leads to excellent survival in patients with large, HER2-positive tumors.
Tumor Transcriptome Reveals the Predictive and Prognostic Impact of Lysosomal Protease Inhibitors in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Petty Russell D. , Kerr Keith M. , Murray Graeme I. , Nicolson Marianne C. , Rooney Patrick H. , Bissett Donald , Collie-Duguid Elaina S.R. 
Published: March 2006

Purpose Insight into clinical response to platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Matched tumor and nontumor lung tissues from PBC-treated NSCLC patients (four nonresponders and four responders) and tumor tissue from an independent test set (four nonresponders and four responders), were profiled using microarrays. Lysosomal protease inhibitors SerpinB3 and cystatin C were highly correlated with clinical response and were further evaluated by immunohistochemistry in PBC-treated patients (36 prechemotherapy and 13 postchemotherapy). Investigation of the pathogenic and prognostic significance of SerpinB3 was performed in 251 primary tumors, with 64 regional lymph node pairs, from chemotherapy-naïve NSCLC patients using immunohistochemistry. Results Bioinformatic analyses of gene expression in the training set identified a gene set (n = 17) that separated all patients in the training and test sets (n = 16) according to response in hierarchical clustering. Transcriptome profiling revealed that SerpinB3 mRNA was highly correlated with degree of response (r = −0.978; P < .0001) and was a clear outlier (nonresponders:responders > 50-fold). SerpinB3 protein expression was correlated with clinical response in PBC-treated NSCLC patients (P = .045). Expression of SerpinB3 and cystatin C, relative to the target, protease cathepsin B, was independently predictive of response (odds ratio, 17.8; 95% CI, 2.0 to 162.4; P = .01), with an accuracy of 72%. High SerpinB3 expression levels, invariably associated with chemoresistance, had contrasting prognostic impact in untreated squamous cell carcinomas (hazard ratio [HR], 0.43; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.93) or adenocarcinomas (HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.03 to 4.72). Conclusion This provides the first comprehensive molecular characterization of clinical responsiveness to PBC in NSCLC and reveals the predictive and prognostic impact of two lysosomal protease inhibitors, potentially representing novel targets for NSCLC therapeutics.
Influence of Oxygen on Detection of Nitrogen Oxides with Solid Electrolyte Sensor Using NaNO3
Authors: Yao Sheng , Shimizu Youichi , Miura Norio , Yamazoe Noboru 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The solid electrolyte sensor device using a sodium ionic conductor and NaNO3 (auxiliary phase) was found to exhibit a remarkable feature that its EMF response to NO2 is totally independent of the concentration of coexisting oxygen. The response to NO, however, was seriously affected by the presence and absence of O2, suggesting the oxidation of NO to NO2 prior to being sensed. In the absence of NOx, the sensor EMF changed with changing oxygen concentration following the Nernst’s equation for a 2-electron reaction of O2.
Catalysis by Rhodium and Iridium Complexes in the Nucleophilic Addition of Allylic Stannanes to Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Nuss John M , Rennels Roger A 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The catalysis of the nucleophilic addition of an allylic stannane to aromatic aldehydes by cationic rhodium and iridium complexes is described. The scope, generality, and several mechanistic speculations concerning this process are discussed. Initial attempts at utilizing optically active catalysts for the enantioselective addition of allyltributyltin to benzaldehyde are also outlined.
Synthesis of Oligoribonucleotides Bearing Morpholino-Nucleosides with Carbamate Internucleoside Linkages at the 3′-Terminus
Authors: Sakatsume Osamu , Tanaka Hiroaki , Takaku Hiroshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Oligoribonucleotides containing morpholino-nucleosides with carbamate internucleoside linkages at the 3′-terminus were synthesized by the solid phase method. These analogues were examined for stability in a prokaryotic cell-free system.
Cation-π Interactions in Calix[4]arene-based Host Molecules. What Kind of Cavity-shape ls Favored for the Cation-binding?
Authors: Araki Koji , Shimizu Hiroyasu , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The cation-π interaction was studied using 9 calix[n]arenes with the different cavity size and the different cavity shape: the efficient binding of N-methylpyridinium iodide was observed for calix[6]arenes among calix[n]arenes and for cone isomers among calix[4]arene conformers, indicating the importance of the host-guest-type cation inclusion in the π-base cavities.
An Unusual Suppression of Trimethylamine Formation in the High Temperature Alkylation of Ammonia with Methanol over (NH4)3PW12O40
Authors: Nasikin Mohammad , Nakamura Ryuichi , Niiyama Hiroo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A synthesis of methylamines from ammonia and methanol was studied by using mainly the title heteropoly catalyst. Although at low temperatures below ca. 750 K the three methylamines (MMA, DMA, and TMA) were formed as usual, at higher temperatures the formation of TMA was completely suppressed. This unusual product selectivity was explained by the strong adsoption of TMA to the catalyst.
Regulation of Diastereofacial Selection in the Allylation Reaction of N-Acyliminium Ion Utilizing Lewis Acids
Authors: Ukaji Yutaka , Tsukamoto Kouji , Nasada Yasunori , Shimizu Makoto , Fujisawa Tamotsu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Diastereofacial selectivity in the α-allylation reaction of chiral cyclic α-acyloxy amide, derived from succinic anhydride and (R)-2-methoxy-1-phenylethylamine could be regulated using appropriately selected Lewis acids; i.e., the reaction using Lewis acids such as TiCl4 gave (R,S)-α-allylated amides, while allylation promoted by SnCl4 afforded (R,R)-isomers stereoselectively. The similar result was obtained in the reaction of chiral amide prepared from phthalic anhydride.
Selective Reduction of Nitrogen Monoxide with Methane or Ethane on Gallium Ion-exchanged ZSM-5 in Oxygen-rich Atmosphere
Authors: Yogo Katsunori , Ihara Michito , Terasaki Ikue , Kikuchi Eiichi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Selective reduction of nitric oxide with methane or ethane in the presence of excess oxygen was investigated using a gallium ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst(Ga-ZSM-5). Ga-ZSM-5 was highly active and selective for NO reduction above 400 °C. The limiting molar ratios of reacted NO to consumed carbon in C2H6 and CH4 at 500 °C were found to be 1.5 and 2, respectively.
Acyclic 1,2-Asymmetric Induction in Addition Reactions of Alkyl Radicals to Chiral Olefins
Authors: Morikawa Tsutomu , Washio Yoshiaki , Shiro Motoo , Taguchi Takeo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Addition reactions of alkyl radicals to chiral (Z)-α,β-unsaturated ester derivatives obtained from (R)-2,3-O-isopropylidene glyceraldehyde proceeded with high stereoselectivity (1,2-asymmetric induction).
Enantioselective Production of (S)-3-Hydroxybutyric Acid, (S)-1,3-Butanediol and (R)-1,3-Butanediol Using Methanol Yeast
Authors: Matsumura Shuichi , Imafuku Hiroshi , Takahashi Yoshinori , Toshima Kazunobu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
(S)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid and (S)-1,3-butanediol were obtained by the treatment of 1,3-butanediol with the resting cells of methanol yeast, Candida boidinii (IFO 10574). (R)-1,3-Butanediol was also obtained in high optical purity by the enantioselective reduction of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone in the presence of methanol using the same methanol yeast.
Fe(CO)5/Sulfur-Catalyzed Liquefaction of Yallourn Coal in Syngas-Water Systems
Authors: Watanabe Yoshihisa , Yamada Hiro-aki , Kawasaki Nori-aki , Wada Kenji , Hata Kazu-aki , Mitsudo Take-aki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Pentacarbonyliron with sulfur was found to be an excellent catalyst precursor for liquefaction of Yallourn coal using syngas-water as a hydrogen source. Both the high coal conversion and well-balanced consumption of syngas were achieved by controlling the amount of water. The two-staged reaction at 375 °C for 1 h and then at 425 °C for 1 h showed high coal conversion of 96.7% with high oil yield.
Properties of Alkali-Ion-Exchanged Glass Optical Waveguides. Optical Sensitivity of Monitoring Chemical Species at Surface
Authors: Itoh Kiminori , Murabayashi Masayuki , Yamazaki Kazuki , Fujishima Akira 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Glass optical waveguides (OWGs) doped with alkali ions were examined mainly in terms of optical sensitivity of monitoring surface chemical species located at surfaces. The maximum sensitivity (per 1 cm optical path length) for K+-doped glass OWGs was ca. 50 times as large as that of conventional optical measurements with normal incidence of monitoring light. Rb+-doped and Cs+-doped OWGs had higher sensitivities, but they showed rather large attenuation of the guided light.
3-Benzyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[4-(1-azi-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenylacetamido]pyrazine, a Photoreactive Analogue of Coelenteramide. Synthesis and Photolysis
Authors: Chen Feng Qi , Hirano Takashi , Ohashi Mamoru , Nakayama Hitoshi , Oda Kazuaki , Machida Minoru 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A photoreactive analogue of coelenteramide (light emitting species in aequorin bioluminescence) has been synthesized for photoaffinity labeling studies of aequorin. Photolysis of this compound in methanol gave a formal OH insertion product in 62% yield without damage of the main skeleton of coelenteramide, indicating a potential use for mapping the coelenterazine binding site in aequorin.
Preparation of a Multilayered Film of Ultrathin Poly(tetraallylammonium bromide) Network
Authors: Marek Miroslav , Fukuta Kenji , Kunitake Toyoki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A multilayered film of two-dimensionally cross linked poly(tetraallylammonium bromide) was prepared using a cast film of bilayers of a double-chain ammonium amphiphile as template. This film displayed unique electrochemical properties.