bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marketing Opportunities for Certified Pork Chops
Authors: Nilsson Tomas , Foster Ken , Lusk Jayson L. 
Published: November 2006

U.S. consumers are increasingly concerned about food safety, environmental degradation, and animal welfare at the live animal production stage. In response, meat suppliers are developing food credence certification to secure market access, increase margins, and increase overall demand. The objective of this paper is to characterize the demand and the market potential of a credence certification program for pork in the United States. Information regarding consumer willingness to pay for the conventional and certified products is derived from a latent class random utility model. The willingness to pay estimates are subsequently compared to the costs of implementing the programs at the producer, packing, and retailing stages. One of the findings in this study is that a significant segment of consumers would purchase certified pork at the anticipated marginal cost of certification. Therefore, future studies should consequently focus on the welfare economic implications on consumers and meat suppliers from incomplete adoption of voluntary certification programs on the part of both producers and consumers. Aux États‐Unis, les consommateurs se préoccupent de plus en plus de la sécurité alimentaire, de la dégradation de l'environnement et du bien‐être des animaux au stade de la production. En réponse à ces inquiétudes, les fournisseurs de viande travaillent à l'élaboration de programmes de certification des aliments pour garantir l'accès au marché, accroître les marges ainsi que la demande globale. Le présent article vise à caractériser la demande et le potentiel de marché d'un programme de certification du porc aux États‐Unis. L'information concernant la volonté de payer du consommateur pour des produits classiques et des produits certifiés a été tirée d'un modèle d'utilité aléatoire à structure latente. Les estimations de la volonté de payer ont ensuite été comparées aux coûts de mise en place des programmes aux stades de la production, de l'abattage et de la vente au détail. L'un des résultats de l'étude a montré qu'un nombre important de consommateurs achèterait du porc certifié au coût marginal prévu de la certification. Des études ultérieures devraient donc se pencher sur les répercussions économiques de l'adoption incomplète des programmes de certification volontaires de la part des producteurs et des consommateurs sur le bien‐être des consommateurs et des fournisseurs de viande.
Consumer Attitudes and Acceptance of CLA‐Enriched Dairy Products
Authors: Peng Yanning , West Gale E. , Wang Cindy 
Published: November 2006

Consumers have increasingly recognized the link between health and diet, and are taking special interest in functional foods that promise to enhance health and reduce the risk of diseases. Milk, an excellent source of essential nutrients, as well as an ideal carrier of healthy functional ingredients, holds promise for the development of functional foods. A variety of functional milk products have been launched into the market, such as yogurt, milk, butter and cheese fortified with vitamins, minerals, and omega‐3 fatty acids. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which may help reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, and obesity, is naturally found in milk. The dairy industry is working actively with scientists to develop CLA‐enriched dairy products to serve Canadian consumers. This study examines consumers' attitudes toward CLA‐enriched products, and identifies several key factors that may help determine consumers' acceptance of these products. The information obtained from this study is useful for the dairy industry to develop marketing strategies for CLA and other functional milk products.Les consommateurs reconnaissent de plus en plus le lien entre la santé et le régime alimentaire et manifestent un intérêt particulier pour les aliments fonctionnels qui promettent d'améliorer la santé et de diminuer le risque de maladies. Le lait, qui constitue une excellente source d'éléments nutritifs essentiels de même qu'un véhicule idéal d'ingrédients fonctionnels sains, semble prometteur pour la mise au point d'aliments fonctionnels. Une variété de produits laitiers fonctionnels, tels que le yogourt, le lait, le beurre et le fromage enrichis de vitamines, de minéraux et d'acides gras oméga‐3, ont été lancés sur le marché. L'acide linoléique conjugué (ALC), qui pourrait contribuer à réduire les risques de cancer, de maladie du cœur et d'obésité, se trouve naturellement dans le lait. L'industrie laitière collabore activement avec les scientifiques pour mettre au point des produits laitiers enrichis d'ALC pour les consommateurs canadiens. La présente étude a examiné l'attitude des consommateurs envers les produits enrichis d'ALC et a identifié plusieurs facteurs clés qui pourraient aider à déterminer l'acceptation de ces produits de la part des consommateurs. L'information recueillie dans le cadre de la présente étude est utile pour l'industrie laitière qui l'utilisera pour élaborer des stratégies de marketing pour l'ALC et d'autres produits laitiers fonctionnels.
GPDOF — A FAST ALGORITHM TO DECOMPOSE UNDER-CONSTRAINED GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINT SYSTEMS: APPLICATION TO 3D MODELING
Authors: TROMBETTONI GILLES , WILCZKOWIAK MARTA 
Published: November 2006

Our approach exploits a general-purpose decomposition algorithm, called GPDOF, and a dictionary of very efficient solving procedures, called r-methods, based on theorems of geometry. GPDOF decomposes an equation system into a sequence of small subsystems solved by r-methods, and produces a set of input parameters.1. Recursive assembly methods (decomposition-recombination), maximum matching based algorithms, and other famous propagation schema are not well-suited or cannot be easily extended to tackle geometric constraint systems that are under-constrained. In this paper, we show experimentally that, provided that redundant constraints have been removed from the system, GPDOF can quickly decompose large under-constrained systems of geometrical constraints. We have validated our approach by reconstructing, from images, 3D models of buildings using interactively introduced geometrical constraints. Models satisfying the set of linear, bilinear and quadratic geometric constraints are optimized to fit the image information. Our models contain several hundreds of equations. The constraint system is decomposed in a few seconds, and can then be solved in hundredths of seconds.
Sequential Positron Emission Tomography Using [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose for Monitoring Response to Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Couturier Olivier , Jerusalem Guy , N'Guyen Jean-Michel , Hustinx Roland 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the clinical value of positron emission tomography (PET) for monitoring chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.
Experimental Design: Twenty patients with hormonorefractory or hormonoreceptor-negative multimetastatic breast cancer were prospectively included. PET studies were done at baseline, at day 21 after the first cycle and at day 21 after the third cycle of chemotherapy. Metabolic response was defined based on visual and various modes of standardized uptake value (SUV) analysis of sequential PET studies.
Results: After one cycle, PET indicated a partial response in 12 patients, stable disease in 7 patients, and progressive disease in 1 patient, according to the visual analysis. After three cycles, PET showed a complete response in 5 patients, partial response in 11 patients, stable disease in 3 patients, and progressive disease in 1 patient. Seventy-five percent of the patients showing a metabolic response on visual analysis effectively responded to the treatment. The average SUV decreased on both the second and the third PET study, but only changes measured after three cycles of chemotherapy predicted the clinical response to chemotherapy and the overall survival. All methods for calculating the SUV (normalized for body weight, body surface area, or lean body mass) provided similar results.
Conclusion: Semiquantitative analysis of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET studies done after three cycles of chemotherapy is useful for monitoring the response to chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.
Acceleration of Telomere Loss by Chemotherapy Is Greater in Older Patients with Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Unryn Brad M. , Hao Desiree , Glück Stefan , Riabowol Karl T. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Chronic viral infection and combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs have been reported to accelerate telomere erosion. Here, we asked if chemoradiotherapy, using the single agent cisplatin, would accelerate telomere loss in head and neck cancer patients, and whether loss was linked to smoking status, age, gender, or stage of disease at diagnosis.
Experimental Design: Blood samples were collected from 20 patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck before, during, and after chemoradiotherapy. Following DNA isolation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, telomere length was measured by terminal restriction fragment analysis.
Results: Chemoradiotherapy increased the rate of telomere erosion &gt;100-fold. Telomere length before treatment in chemoradiotherapy patients was similar to age-matched controls. Although smokers began with significantly shorter telomeres, smoking status did not affect chemoradiotherapy-induced attrition, nor did gender or stage of disease. We also make the novel observation that a significantly greater telomere loss occurred in response to treatment in older patients, with those younger than 55 years losing an average of 400 bp of telomeric DNA compared with the 880 bp lost by those over 55 years.
Conclusions: The lack of telomere length difference before treatment suggests that shortened telomeres may not be a risk factor for development of head and neck cancer in the age range we examined. Chemoradiotherapy caused a severe telomere length reduction in all patients. The significant difference seen in the elderly (P = 0.018) suggests that chemoradiotherapy may have more severe effects on the replicative capacity of blood cells in older patients.
Loss of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Expression Contributes to Sp1 Overexpression and Human Gastric Cancer Development and Progression
Authors: Kanai Masashi , Wei Daoyan , Li Qiang , Jia Zhiliang , Ajani Jaffer , Le Xiangdong , Yao James , Xie Keping 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPurpose: Increasing evidence indicates that the transcription factor, Sp1, regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in tumor development and progression. We have recently reported that Sp1 overexpression is directly correlated with the angiogenic potential of and poor prognosis for human gastric cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms that result in Sp1 overexpression remain unclear.Experimental Design: The expression of Sp1 and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a potential tumor suppressor gene, in gastric cancer tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Alterations of Sp1 and KLF4 expression were achieved by gene transfer and verified by Northern and Western blot analyses. Furthermore, Sp1 promoter activity assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were done to identify the KLF4 binding sites on the Sp1 promoter.Results: Mutually exclusive expression of Sp1 and KLF4 was evident in gastric cancer and noncancerous tissue. Specifically, strong Sp1 expression but loss of KLF4 expression was found in cancer tissue, whereas the adjacent noncancerous tissue showed negative Sp1 expression but strong KLF4 expression. Enforced KLF4 expression repressed Sp1 expression at the promoter activity, mRNA, and protein levels. Moreover, a region within the proximal Sp1 promoter was identified to have overlapping KLF4- and Sp1-binding sites, to which KLF4 and Sp1 compete for binding. Sp1 positively regulated its own promoter, whereas KLF4 did the opposite.Conclusions: Our data suggests that disruption of KLF4-mediated negative regulation contributes to the molecular events of Sp1 overexpression and to the development and progression of human gastric cancer.
Schedule-Dependent Synergy between the Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor 17-(Dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin and Doxorubicin Restores Apoptosis to p53-Mutant Lymphoma Cell Lines
Authors: Robles Ana I. , Wright Mollie H. , Gandhi Bheru , Feis Steven S. , Hanigan Christin L. , Wiestner Adrian , Varticovski Lyuba 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Loss of p53 function impairs apoptosis induced by DNA-damaging agents used for cancer therapy. Here, we examined the effect of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (DMAG) on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in lymphoma. We aimed to establish the optimal schedule for administration of both drugs in combination and the molecular basis for their interaction.
Experimental Design: Isogenic lymphoblastoid and nonisogenic lymphoma cell lines differing in p53 status were exposed to each drug or combination. Drug effects were examined using Annexin V, active caspase-3, cell cycle, and cytotoxicity assays. Synergy was evaluated by median effect/combination index. Protein expression and kinase inhibition provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of drug interaction.
Results: Presence of mutant p53 conferred increased survival to single agents. Nevertheless, DMAG showed synergistic toxicity with doxorubicin independently of p53 status. Synergy required exposure to doxorubicin before DMAG. DMAG-mediated down-regulation of CHK1, a known HSP90 client, forced doxorubicin-treated cells into premature mitosis followed by apoptosis. A CHK1 inhibitor, SB-218078, reproduced the effect of DMAG. Administration of DMAG before doxorubicin resulted in G1-S arrest and protection from apoptosis, leading to additive or antagonistic interactions that were exacerbated by p53 mutation.
Conclusions: Administration of DMAG to doxorubicin-primed cells induced premature mitosis and had a synergistic effect on apoptosis regardless of p53 status. These observations provide a rationale for prospective clinical trials and stress the need to consider schedule of exposure as a critical determinant of the overall response when DMAG is combined with chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory disease.
Attractin Is Elevated in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Malignant Astrocytoma and Mediates Glioma Cell Migration
Authors: Khwaja Fatima W. , Duke-Cohan Jonathan S. , Brat Daniel J. , Van Meir Erwin G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPurpose: There are a limited number of noninvasive methods available for the monitoring of neoplastic disease in the central nervous system. The goal of our study was to find reliable markers that could be used for disease monitoring as well as to identify new targets for the therapeutic intervention for malignant astrocytoma (WHO grades 3 and 4).Experimental Design: We employed proteomic techniques to identify secreted proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid that were specific to patients with malignant astrocytoma.Results: Among 60 cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with various central nervous system diseases, attractin was consistently found to be elevated in the samples of patients with malignant astrocytoma. To independently validate these results, we examined attractin expression in a new set of 108 normal and tumoral brain tissue specimens and found elevated expression in 97% of malignant astrocytomas, with the highest levels in grade 4 tumors. Using immunohistochemistry, we further showed that attractin is produced and secreted by the tumor cells. Finally, we showed that cerebrospinal fluid from brain tumor patients induces glioma cell migration and that attractin is largely responsible for this promigratory activity.Conclusions: Our results find attractin to be a reliable secreted marker for high-grade gliomas. Additionally, our migration studies suggest that it may be an important mediator of tumor invasiveness, and thus, a potential target in future therapies.
Gastric and Intestinal Phenotypic Marker Expression in Early Differentiated-Type Tumors of the Stomach: Clinicopathologic Significance and Genetic Background
Authors: Tajima Yusuke , Yamazaki Kimiyasu , Makino Reiko , Nishino Nobukazu , Aoki Shigeo , Kato Masanori , Morohara Koji , Kaetsu Tsutomu , Kusano Mitsuo 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Gastric and intestinal phenotypic cell markers are expressed in gastric carcinomas, irrespective of their histologic type. In the present study, we determined the clinicopathologic significance of phenotypic marker expression in early-stage gastric differentiated-type tumors and the association between marker expression and genetic alterations.
Experimental Design: Phenotypic marker expression was determined by examining the expressions of human gastric mucin (HGM), MUC6, MUC2, and CD10 in 63 gastric adenomas, 133 early differentiated-type carcinomas, and 24 follow-up cases with gastric adenoma. Tumors were classified into gastric, gastric and intestinal mixed, or intestinal phenotypes according to the immunopositivity of the above markers. The presence of mutations in APC, K-ras, and p53 and the microsatellite instability status were also determined in all tumors.
Results: The expressions of HGM and MUC6, representing gastric or gastric and intestinal mixed phenotypes, were significantly associated with high-grade atypia in the 63 gastric adenomas. Among the 133 early differentiated-type carcinomas, HGM expression was significantly associated with mixed-type (with an undifferentiated-type component) tumors and lymph node metastasis. MUC2 expression was inversely associated with submucosal invasion. A multivariate analysis revealed that gastric adenomas were significantly associated with the intestinal phenotype and were inversely associated with p53 mutation compared with early differentiated-type carcinomas. Among all 196 tumors, APC mutation was significantly associated with CD10 expression and the intestinal phenotype and was inversely associated with the expressions of HGM and MUC6. The microsatellite instability status was significantly associated with MUC6 expression. Malignant transformation from gastric adenoma to carcinoma was shown in 5 of the 24 follow-up cases of gastric adenoma. The malignant transformation was significantly associated with the gastric and intestinal mixed phenotype and was inversely associated with APC mutation. No malignant transformation was found in intestinal phenotype gastric adenomas with APC mutation.
Conclusions: Our present findings show that phenotypic marker expression is associated with tumor aggressiveness during the early stage of gastric differentiated-type tumors. Differences in the biological behavior of tumors with different phenotypes may result from differences in the genetic backgrounds during the incipient phase of gastric tumorigenesis.
Long-term Events in Adult Patients with Clinical Stage IA-IIA Nonbulky Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treated with Four Cycles of Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine and Adjuvant Radiotherapy: A Single-Institution 15-Year Follow-up
Authors: Brusamolino Ercole , Baio Ambrogia , Orlandi Ester , Arcaini Luca , Passamonti Francesco , Griva Vassiliki , Casagrande William , Pascutto Cristiana , Franchini Pietro , Lazzarino Mario 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Purpose: To report on long-term events after short doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy in favorable early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Experimental Design: We monitored late events and causes of death over 15 years (median follow-up, 120 months) in 120 patients with nonbulky stage IA-IIA Hodgkin's lymphoma, treated with four cycles of ABVD and limited radiotherapy. Pulmonary and cardiac function tests were done throughout the follow-up. Outcome measures included cause-specific mortality, standardized mortality ratio, and standardized incidence ratio for secondary neoplasia.
Results: Projected 15-year event-free and overall survival were 78% and 86%, and tumor mortality was 3%. Standardized mortality ratio was significantly higher than 1 for both males (2.8; P = 0.029) and females (9.4; P = 0.003). The risk of cardiovascular events at 5 and 12 years was 5.5% and 14%, with a median latent time of 67 months (range: 23-179 months) from the end of radiotherapy. Pulmonary toxicity developed in 8% of patients; all had received mediastinal irradiation and the median time from radiotherapy to pulmonary sequelae was 76 weeks (range: 50-123 weeks). The risk of secondary neoplasia at 5 and 12 years was 4% and 8%, respectively, with no cases of leukemia. Fertility was preserved.
Conclusions: Long-term events were mostly related to radiotherapy; the role of short ABVD chemotherapy was very limited, as documented by fertility preservation and lack of secondary myelodysplasia/leukemia. A proportion of patients died from causes unrelated to disease progression and the excess mortality risk was mostly due to the occurrence of secondary neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. A moderate dose reduction of radiotherapy from 40-44 Gy to 30-36 Gy did not decrease the risk of late complications; abolishing radiotherapy in nonbulky early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma is being evaluated.
Variants of the hK2 Protein Gene (KLK2) Are Associated with Serum hK2 Levels and Predict the Presence of Prostate Cancer at Biopsy
Authors: Nam Robert K. , Zhang William W. , Klotz Laurence H. , Trachtenberg John , Jewett Michael A.S. , Sweet Joan , Toi Ants , Teahan Seamus , Venkateswaran Vasundara , Sugar Linda , Loblaw Andrew , Siminovitch Kathy , Narod Steven A. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Increased levels of serum human kallikrein-2 (hK2) and an hK2 gene (KLK2) variant are positively associated for prostate cancer, but the relationships between them remain unclear. We examined five variants of the KLK2 gene to further define its relevance to prostate cancer susceptibility and hK2 levels.
Experimental Design: We genotyped 645 men with biopsy-proven prostate cancer (cases) and 606 males with biopsies negative for prostate cancer (controls) for five additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) across the KLK2 gene and also tested for serum hK2 levels. These SNPs were identified from sequencing the KLK2 gene among 20 patients with aggressive prostate cancer. Odds ratios (OR) for prostate cancer detection and haplotype analysis were done.
Results: Among the SNPs studied, the A allele of the KLK2-SNP1 (G &gt; A, rs2664155) and the T allele of the KLK2-SNP5 (C &gt; T, rs198977) polymorphisms showed positive associations with prostate cancer, adjusted ORs for KLK2-SNP1 AG and AA genotypes being 1.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.2-1.8; P = 0.002] and for KLK2-SNP5 TT or CT genotypes being 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1-1.6; P = 0.05). Haplotype analyses also revealed a significant association between prostate cancer and the haplotype containing both risk alleles (ACCTT), OR being 5.1 (95% CI, 1.6-6.5; P = 0.005). Analysis of serum hK2 revealed hK2 levels to be significantly increased in association with KLK2-SNP1 AA and AG risk genotypes compared with the GG genotype (P = 0.001) and also in association with the ACCTT risk haplotype compared with the most common non-risk haplotype (P = 0.05).
Conclusions: These findings suggest a role for the KLK2 gene in prostate cancer susceptibility and imply that this role may be realized at least in part by the induction of increases in hK2 production.