bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Control in Denmark: How the Ugly Duckling Turned into a Swan
Authors: Pisinger Charlotta , Rasmussen Sofie Bergman 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The implementation of tobacco control policies has been a neglected topic in tobacco research. A comprehensive Tobacco Action Plan including plain packaging, a point-of-sale display ban, a ban on characterizing flavors (in products other than cigarettes), a strengthening of the promotion and marketing ban, a ban on the sale of novel nicotine products to minors, smoke-and nicotine-free-school hours in all-schools with minors, and a significant increase in tobacco tax, was adopted in Denmark in 2019.

Aims and Methods
Eleven people involved or very close to the advocacy process were invited, two did not respond and nine attended our research center. We used the nominal group technique, a consensus method, to identify the most important driving factors for passing the Tobacco Action Plan.

Results
The round-robin identified 39 driving factors merged into 13 in the clarification phase. In the ranking phase, participants agreed on seven factors that they perceived have strongly influenced the political will to strengthen national tobacco control comprehensively. The most important factors were national data and evidence, a nationwide alliance with broad partnerships, a strict focus on young people, continuous media coverage, intensive lobbying by many different advocates, making it a community agenda—not a political one, and effective professional campaigns.

Conclusions
Our findings agree with experiences from other countries that significantly improved tobacco control. The Danish strategy, including a nationwide alliance with broad partnerships, had a high influence on the political agenda.

Implications
In this study, there was a consensus that seven factors strongly influenced the political will to comprehensively strengthen the national tobacco control in Denmark in a short time: national data and evidence; a nationwide alliance with broad partnerships; a strict focus on children and young people; continuous media coverage; intensive lobbying by many different advocates; making it a community agenda—not a political one, and effective professional campaigns. This is consistent with findings from other countries.
Brain development of a school-aged boy with autism spectrum condition talented in arithmetic: a case report
Authors: Zhao Weixing , Li Lei , Yang Xiujie , Wang Xiaotian , Kou Juan , Chen Jia , Chen Huafu , Wang Qi , Duan Xujun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Whereas autism spectrum condition is known for its social and communicative challenges, some autistic children demonstrate unusual islets of abilities including those related to mathematics, the neurobiological underpinnings of which are increasingly becoming the focus of research. Here we describe an 8-year-old autistic boy with intellectual and language challenges, yet exceptional arithmetic ability. He can perform verbal-based multiplication of three- and even four-digit numbers within 20 seconds. To gain insights into the neural basis of his talent, we investigated the gray matter in the child's brain in comparison to typical development, applying voxel-based morphometry to magnetic resonance imaging data. The case exhibited reduced gray matter volume in regions associated with arithmetic, which may suggest an accelerated development of brain regions with arithmetic compared to typically developing individuals: potentially a key factor contributing to his exceptional talent. Taken together, this case report describes an example of the neurodiversity of autism. Our research provides valuable insights into the potential neural basis of exceptional arithmetic abilities in individuals with the autism spectrum and its potential contribution to depicting the diversity and complexity of autism.
The Systemic Governance Influence of Expectation Documents: Evidence from a Universal Owner
Authors: Aguilera Ruth V , Bermejo Vicente J , Capapé Javier , Cuñat Vicente 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We examine expectation documents’ effectiveness as an activism tool. We use the Norwegian sovereign wealth fund’s release of a corporate governance expectation document as a natural experiment. We introduce a novel, three-way analytical decomposition of the firms, the fund, and their joint response to this document. Firms’ governance practices adapt to the fund’s new portfolio-wide governance preferences, with heterogeneous responses across ownership and firm characteristics. The fund’s investment policies also change, even at the expense of financial returns. Overall, our research demonstrates the potential effectiveness of expectation documents as an emerging, low-cost activism tool for universal investors. (JEL F30, G32, G34)
A Social Movement Model for Judicial Behavior: Evidence from Brazil’s Anti-Corruption Movements
Authors: Vilaça Luiz 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
While studies show that public opinion and educational workshops promoted by nonprofits affect judicial behavior, it remains unclear whether and how social movements affect judges’ decision-making through disruptive actions. I develop a framework to explain the conditions under which and the mechanisms through which social movement mobilization affects the decision-making of judges, drawing on a mixed-methods study of anti-corruption protests in Brazil. I constructed an original dataset of decisions of corruption cases at the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice (2003–2016). Results showed that actions that target judicial cases (case-focused protests)—but not protests that simply put the issue on the public agenda—are associated with higher chances that judges will decide in ways that are aligned with the movements’ demands. I supplemented this data with a qualitative analysis of appeals on two investigations of similar crimes and some of the same defendants but with different outcomes in appellate courts: Sandcastle (Castelo de Areia) and Car Wash (Lava Jato). Drawing on 110 interviews with prosecutors and judges and document analysis of criminal charges and judicial decisions, I show that case-focused protests affect judicial behavior through two mechanisms: by threatening the personal reputation of judges and the legitimacy of courts.
Association between longitudinal change of sleep patterns and the risk of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: He Lingfang , Ma Tianqi , Wang Xuerui , Cheng Xunjie , Bai Yongping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
To investigate the role of longitudinal change of sleep patterns in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Methods
Based on UK Biobank, a total of 18 172 participants were enrolled. Five dimensions of healthy sleep including early chronotype, sleep 7–8 hours/day, free of insomnia, no snoring, and no frequent excessive daytime sleepiness were used to generate a healthy sleep score (HSS) ranging from 0 to 5. Corresponding to the HSS of 0–1, 2–3, and 4–5, the poor, intermediate, and healthy sleep patterns were defined. Based on changes in HSS across assessments 1 and 2, we calculated the absolute difference of HSS. For the change in sleep patterns, we categorized five profiles (stable healthy, worsening, stable intermediate, optimizing, and stable poor sleep patterns). The outcomes were incidence of CVD including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. We assessed the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by Cox hazard models.

Results
Compared with participants with stable poor patterns, those who improved their sleep patterns or maintained healthy sleep patterns had a 26% and 32% lower risk of CVD, respectively. Stable healthy sleep pattern was associated with a 29% and 44% reduced risk of CHD and stroke. Per unit, longitudinal increment of the HSS was related to an 8% lower risk of CVD and CHD. Compared with individuals with constant HSS, those with decreased HSS had a 13% higher risk of developing CVD.

Conclusions
Optimizing sleep patterns and maintaining a healthy sleep pattern may reduce the risk of CVD.
Reduced rapid eye movement sleep in late middle-aged and older apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele carriers
Authors: André Claire , Martineau-Dussault Marie-Ève , Baril Andrée-Ann , Marchi Nicola Andrea , Daneault Véronique , Lorrain Dominique , Hudon Carol , Bastien Célyne H , Petit Dominique , Thompson Cynthia , Poirier Judes , Montplaisir Jacques , Gosselin Nadia , Carrier Julie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, APOE4 carriers may exhibit sleep disturbances, but conflicting results have been reported, such that there is no clear consensus regarding which aspects of sleep are impacted. Our objective was to compare objective sleep architecture between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers, and to investigate the modulating impact of age, sex, cognitive status, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods
A total of 198 dementia-free participants aged &gt;55 years old (mean age: 68.7 ± 8.08 years old, 40.91% women, 41 APOE4 carriers) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. They underwent polysomnography, APOE4 genotyping, and a neuropsychological evaluation. ANCOVAs assessed the effect of APOE4 status on sleep architecture, controlling for age, sex, cognitive status, and the apnea–hypopnea index. Interaction terms were added between APOE4 status and covariates.

Results
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep percentage (F = 9.95, p = .002, ηp2 = 0.049) and duration (F = 9.23, p = .003, ηp2 = 0.047) were lower in APOE4 carriers. The results were replicated in a subsample of 112 participants without moderate-to-severe OSA. There were no significant interactions between APOE4 status and age, sex, cognitive status, and OSA in the whole sample.

Conclusions
Our results show that APOE4 carriers exhibit lower REM sleep duration, including in cognitively unimpaired individuals, possibly resulting from early neurodegenerative processes in regions involved in REM sleep generation and maintenance.
Low genetic variability and high isolation of a post-harvest South American pinniped population as revealed by genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms
Authors: Peralta Diego M , Ibañez Ezequiel A , Lucero Sergio , Cappozzo Humberto L , Ceballos Santiago G , Túnez Juan I 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Otaria flavescens has been one of the most heavily exploited pinnipeds during the last 200 years, with depletion of ~90% in some colonies. After the prohibition on sealing in South America, populations stabilized except for the Uruguayan population, which showed a constant decrease. The underlying causes of its decline are unknown. This study used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to assess the variability and connectivity of some of the most overexploited sea lion colonies in the Atlantic Ocean. Our results revealed low allelic richness, nucleotide diversity, and heterozygosity in the Uruguayan population and evidence of complete isolation from the Argentinean populations under study. In contrast, the Patagonian populations showed a high degree of connectivity, which could explain their recovery and high levels of diversity at present. Our study highlights the critical situation of the Uruguayan sea lion population, emphasizing the need for maintaining continuous conservation efforts in the region.
LGBTQ-competent obesity prevention and management
Authors: Cantor Aviva , Radix Asa 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Obesity is a complex and largely preventable disease that is an enormous burden to patient health and to the healthcare system. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) patients and their healthcare providers should be aware of their personal risks and causes of weight gain and obesity. Sensitive, comprehensive, and competent LGBTQ preventive care and treatment are needed to address the needs of this population, improve patient outcomes, and reduce healthcare inequalities. Research is needed to further evaluate the confluence of obesity and metabolic risk factors in LGBTQ patients, and to develop prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the risk for obesity-related comorbidities, chronic disease, and death.
Mortality Due to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Latin America*
Authors: Santa Cruz Roberto , Matesa Amelia , Gómez Antonella , Nadur Juan , Pagano Fernando , Prieto Daniel , Bolaños Oswald , Solis Beatriz , Yusta Sara , González-Velásquez Edilzar , Estenssoro Elisa , Cavalcanti Alexandre 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Mortality due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major global health problem. Knowledge of epidemiological data on ARDS is crucial to design management, treatment strategies, and optimize resources. There is ample data regarding mortality of ARDS from high-income countries; in this review, we evaluated mortality due to ARDS in Latin America.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature databases from 1967 to March 2023.

STUDY SELECTION:
We searched prospective or retrospective observational studies and randomized controlled trials conducted in Latin American countries reporting ARDS mortality.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Three pairs of independent reviewers checked all studies for eligibility based on their titles and abstracts. We performed meta-analysis of proportions using a random-effects model. We performed sensitivity analyses including studies with low risk of bias and with diagnosis using the Berlin definition. Subgroup analysis comparing different study designs, time of publication (up to 2000 and from 2001 to present), and studies in which the diagnosis of ARDS was made using Pao
2/Fio
2 less than or equal to 200 and regional variations. Subsequently, we performed meta-regression analyses. Finally, we graded the certainty of the evidence (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation).

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Of 3315 articles identified, 32 were included (3627 patients). Mortality was 52% in the pooled group (low certainty of evidence). In the sensitivity analysis (according to the Berlin definition), mortality was 46% (moderate certainty of evidence). In the subgroup analysis mortality was 53% (randomized controlled trials), 51% (observational studies), 66% (studies published up to 2000), 50% (studies after 2000), 44% (studies with Pao
2/Fio
2 ≤ 200), 56% (studies from Argentina/Brazil), and 40% (others countries). No variables were associated with mortality in the meta-regression.

CONCLUSIONS:
ARDS mortality in Latin America remains high, as in other regions. These results should constitute the basis for action planning to improve the prognosis of patients with ARDS (PROSPERO [CRD42022354035]).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Images Based Brain Tumor Extraction, Segmentation and Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network and VGC 16 Model
Authors: Shunmugavel Ganesh , Suriyan Kannadhasan , Arumugam Jayachandran 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In this paper, we look at how to design and build a system to find tumors using 2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models. With the help of digital image processing and deep Learning, we can make a system that automatically diagnoses and finds different diseases and abnormalities. The tumor detection system may include image enhancement, segmentation, data enhancement, feature extraction, and classification. These options are set up so that the CNN model can give the best results.

Methods:
During the training phase, the learning rate is used to change the weights and bias. The learning rate also changes the weights. One Epoch is when all of the training images are shown to the model. As the training data may be very large, the data in each epoch are split into batches. Every epoch has a training session and a test session. After each epoch, the weights are changed based on how fast the CNN is learning. This is done with the help of optimization algorithms. The suggested technique uses the anticipated mean intersection over union value to identify failure instances in addition to forecasting the mean intersection over union.

Results:
This paper talks about how to separate brain tumors from magnetic resonance images of patients taken from “Brain web.” Using basic ideas of digital image processing, magnetic resonance images are used to extract and find tumors using a hybrid method. In this paper, the proposed algorithm is applied with the help of MATLAB. In medical image processing, brain tumor segmentation is an important task. The goal of this paper is to look at different ways to divide brain tumors using magnetic resonance imaging. Recently, automatic segmentation using deep learning methods has become popular because these methods get the best results and are better at solving this problem than others. Deep learning methods can also be used to process and evaluate large amounts of magnetic resonance imaging image data quickly and objectively.

Conclusion:
A classification method based on a convolution neural network is also added to the proposed scheme to make it more accurate and cut down on the amount of time it takes to do the calculations. Also, the results of the classification are given as images of a tumor or a healthy brain. The training is 98.5% correct. In the same way, both the validation accuracy and validation loss are high.
An Innovative Preauricular Free Flap Pedicled with Retrograde Vascular for Pediatric Nasal Reconstruction
Authors: Yu Bao-Fu , Chen Xiao-Xue , Liu Jia , He Jin-Guang , Dai Chuan-Chang , Wei Jiao 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
Nasal reconstruction in pediatric patients is challenging and requires consideration of later nasal development. The authors introduce an innovative preauricular free flap pedicled with retrograde vascular (PFFPRV) for pediatric nasal reconstruction. In the PFFPRV technique, the retrograde superficial temporal vessels were used as the flap pedicle. The lateral alar artery and angular vein were used as vessels of the nasal recipient zone. The flap vessels were anastomosed directly to the recipient area vessels without additional vessel transplantation. Eight pediatric patients with nasal defects underwent this operation. All patients were followed up for more than 2 years. Medical history data were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative facial photographs were compared and analyzed. Satisfaction of the patients’ parents with the aesthetic results was assessed. All patients were successfully operated on without intraoperative complications. None of the procedures required additional blood vessel grafts. One patient developed a vascular crisis the day after surgery and underwent vascular exploration. The free flaps of all patients survived without wound infection or necrosis. The color difference of the flap gradually became non-obvious. The transplanted flap did not show obvious contracture or retraction, and the nose was symmetric and developed well. The parents of all patients were satisfied with the surgical results. The authors think this PFFPRV technique can be a reasonable alternative strategy for reconstruction of pediatric nasal defects, with no adverse effects on nasal development and no need for vascular transplantation.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
How do cultural differences affect stock market performance after mergers and acquisitions? Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Liu Eping , Xie Miaomiao , Guan Jingyi 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
As cross-cultural mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have learning effects on organisations, assessing their impacts on corporate performance is crucial. This study aims to explore the impact of inter-firm cultural differences on long-term post-M&A stock market performance.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors select domestic M&A transactions of Chinese listed companies during 2010–2021 as the sample. Then, the authors use the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to construct the latent variable of cultural differences in four dimensions to explore long-term stock market performance.

Findings
Cultural differences first positively and then negatively impact post-M&A performance. Three transmissions mechanisms are identified: investor sentiment, takeover premiums and information disclosure quality. Further analysis reveals that acquirer stock performance improves with higher analyst coverage and non-local shareholders but worsens if there are business affiliations between the acquirer and target firms.

Practical implications
This study can help optimise information disclosure systems in M&A transactions for regulatory authorities and aid investors’ understanding of post-M&A performance changes. Furthermore, it can improve acquirers’ understanding of the risks and opportunities in cross-cultural M&A, thereby facilitating the adaptation of management practices to the im-pacts of cultural differences.

Originality/value
By integrating the theories of resource dependence and transaction costs, this study examines the reversal effect of cultural differences between merging companies on post-M&A performance. The authors use a PLS-SEM to empirically analyse the main effects and reveal three transmission mechanisms.
The impact of environmental uncertainty on performance during COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of decision making structure
Authors: Narsa Niluh Putu Dian Rosalina Handayani , Merdeka Lintang Lintang , Dwiyanti Kadek Trisna 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe primary aim of this research was to investigate the mediating effect of the decision-making structure on the relationship between perceived environmental uncertainty and hospital performance.Design/methodology/approachOnline and manual survey questionnaires were used to collect data in this study. The target population of this study consists of all middle managers within 11 COVID-19 referral hospitals in Surabaya. A total of 189 responses were collected, however, 27 incomplete responses were excluded from the final dataset. Data was analyzed using SEM-PLS.FindingsThe study's findings indicate that decision-making structure plays a role in mediating the link between perceived environmental uncertainty and hospital performance assessed via the Balanced Scorecard, highlighting the significance of flexible decision-making processes during uncertain periods. Moreover, based on our supplementary test, respondents' demographic characteristics influence their perceptions of hospital performance.Practical implicationsHospital administrators can consider the significance of decision-making structures in responding to environmental uncertainties like the COVID-19 pandemic. By fostering adaptable decision-making processes and empowering middle managers, hospitals may enhance their performance and resilience in challenging situations. Additionally, based on supplementary tests, it is found that differences in the perception of the three Balanced Scorecard perspectives imply that hospitals categorized as types A, B, C, and D should prioritize specific areas to improve their overall performance.Originality/valueThis research adds substantial originality and value to the existing body of knowledge by exploring the interplay between decision-making structures, environmental uncertainty, and hospital performance. It contributes to the literature by specifically focusing on the Covid-19 pandemic, a unique and unprecedented global crisis.