bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the effect of varying sequence length on DNA barcoding of fungi
Authors: MIN XIANG JIA , HICKEY DONAL A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDNA barcoding shows enormous promise for the rapid identification of organisms at the species level. There has been much recent debate, however, about the need for longer barcode sequences, especially when these sequences are used to construct molecular phylogenies. Here, we have analysed a set of fungal mitochondrial sequences — of various lengths — and we have monitored the effect of reducing sequence length on the utility of the data for both species identification and phylogenetic reconstruction. Our results demonstrate that reducing sequence length has a profound effect on the accuracy of resulting phylogenetic trees, but surprisingly short sequences still yield accurate species identifications. We conclude that the standard short barcode sequences (∼600 bp) are not suitable for inferring accurate phylogenetic relationships, but they are sufficient for species identification among the fungi.
Use of remote sensing to measure change in the extent of habitat for the critically endangered Jerdon's Courser Rhinoptilus bitorquatus in India
Authors: SENAPATHI DEEPA , VOGIATZAKIS IOANNIS N. , JEGANATHAN PANCHAPAKESAN , GILL JENNIFER A. , GREEN RHYS E. , BOWDEN CHRISTOPHER G. R. , RAHMANI ASAD R. , PAIN DEBBIE , NORRIS KEN 
Published: January 2007

Jerdon's Courser Rhinoptilus bitorquatus is one of the most endangered and least understood birds in the world. It is endemic to scrub habitats in southeast India which have been lost and degraded because of human land use. We used satellite images from 1991 and 2000 and two methods for classifying land cover to quantify loss of Jerdon's Courser habitat. The scrub habitats on which this species depends decreased in area by 11–15% during this short period (9.6 years), predominantly as a result of scrub clearance and conversion to agriculture. The remaining scrub patches were smaller and further from human settlements in 2000 than in 1991, implying that much of the scrub loss had occurred close to human population centres. We discuss the implications of our results for the conservation of Jerdon's Courser and the use of remote sensing methods in conservation.
Queering Art Teacher Education
Authors: Cosier Kimberly , Sanders James H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article sounds a call to action and addresses the challenges of creating inclusive, queer‐affrming art teacher education curricula. We examine such challenges through case study vignettes of our varied US university settings and explore the perils of teaching in an increasingly queer‐hostile culture. Strategies are given for avoiding attacks against LGBT‐supportive pedagogy and championing the cause of social justice for queer students, parents, artists, teachers and faculty.
The Warren Cup: Highlighting Hidden Histories
Authors: Frost Stuart 
Published: January 2007

AbstractContemporary artists and art galleries have been more active than museums in representing gay and lesbian culture in public spaces in recent decades. However same‐sex relationships have a long history that is reflected in the collections of museums that have material from the classical world. The culture of ancient Greece and Rome was less inhibited about the representation of sexual acts than many nineteenth‐century museums would have liked. Objects with frank images of sexual acts were discreetly censored or hidden away in secret cabinets. This article draws on one object as a case study, a Roman silver cup dated to the early years of the first century AD acquired by the British Museum in 1999. The cup is decorated with beautifully realised scenes in relief decoration which show two pairs of males engaged in love‐making, each pair consisting of one older male and a youth. The object could never have been acquired or publicly displayed earlier in the twentieth century. The vessel known as the Warren Cup (after a previous owner) provides a provocative stimulus for debate about male‐to‐male lovemaking. Discussion of the meaning of the scenes, and the possible reasons why they were represented on such a high‐status object, generates more questions than answers. This uncertainty contributes to the power of this object to open up debate. This article will raise questions for educators and students to consider about the Cup, an object which society has only recently ceased to regard as pornographic or obscene.
Young Queer Artists in the Classroom
Authors: Hall Roz 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article describes what happened when two young queer artists, Danya Defraytus and Haroon Iltaf, presented their work in a classroom context. The responses from the pupils and the teachers are also reflected upon. These responses indicate something of the potential there is for work by lesbians and gay men to be utilised in classroom contexts. The presentations had various positive outcomes for the school. For example, the teachers involved noticed that Danya and Roonie's work had useful impact on the pupils' sense of how they might develop their own, distinct creative practices on the basis of their own unique experiences and perceptions. The students made connections with Danya and Roonie, and could identify with them, in a way that transcended any differences there may have been between them in terms of their sexuality. The approach is therefore being suggested as a model for introducing work that explores lesbian and gay experiences, in a meaningful, useful and amicable way, in a classroom context. The key elements that led to the success of the work are therefore outlined to indicate ways to apply such an approach.
Derek Jarman: An Art Educator for Our Times?
Authors: Stanley Nick 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDerek Jarman found his life's purpose in art. His significance for art educators today is his combination of low technology film‐making and his painterly vision. He provides a model for us today, in his incorporation of images from daily life into a series of vivid tableaux. Jarman created a huge database of images from which he constantly drew for both paintings and films. He was always writing down ideas and making drawings into a series of sketchbooks which provided him with the raw materials for his artistic products. Jarman's significance for this publication was that he united all aspects of his life into an aesthetic adventure. This included finding a signature as a gay artist who was also a passionate gardener. He also repudiated a literal or narrative structure and any idea of plot. This makes his work both difficult but rewarding.
Hidden Histories: The Experience of Curating a Male Same Sex Exhibition and the Problems Encountered
Authors: Petry Michael 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHidden Histories: 20th century male same sex lovers in the visual artsAn exhibition and book by Michael PetryThe New Art Gallery Walsall: May – July 2004 Artmedia Press, London, May 2004 Hidden Histories was the first international historical survey of its kind to examine the lives and work of male artists in the 20th century who were same sex lovers. It comprised a curatorial project within The University of Wolverhampton, an exhibition at The New Art Gallery Walsall and a publication by Artmedia Press. This text looks at issues that arose in the production of the project which included a change of name from Mad About the Boy, ethical concerns, and censorship by the local council. Hidden Histories did not contend there was a queer, gay or same sex aesthetic connecting the work of the surveyed artists. It did not ‘out’ anyone – all the information presented existed in the public domain. Hidden Histories documented how male artists' work was affected by evolving attitudes to homosexuality. Its thesis (the arch of openness) describes how public attitudes changed throughout the 20th Century; from prohibition in the late Victorian Period, to begrudging tolerance in the inter‐wars years; from relative openness post WWI, to outright homophobia during the Cold War; and from decriminalisation in the West (following the Stonewall Riots), to stigma in the AIDS era. Hidden Histories was premised on the inter‐dependence of same sex and dominant cultures, and demonstrates that irrespective of legal or societal prohibitions, same sex lovers continued to make a rich and varied contribution to artistic dialogue.
Structural Change and Long‐run Relationships between US and EU Wheat Export Prices
Authors: Barassi M. R. , Ghoshray A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper analyses the nature of the long‐run relationship between US and EU wheat export prices over the period 1981–2000. We employ a novel approach of testing for cointegration with structural change developed by Barassi and Taylor (A Test for Change in the Cointegrating Rank, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, 2004). The method enables us to determine the breakpoint, which is found to occur after the 1992 CAP reforms were implemented. On analysing the two separate subperiods, we find no evidence of a long‐run relationship prior to the 1992 CAP reform. However, clear evidence of a long‐run relationship is found after the CAP reforms were implemented. Further analysis reveals that, in the post‐CAP reform period, the EU wheat prices follow then US soft wheat prices, consistent with the EU export subsidy regime over this period, albeit that export subsidies by the EU have been relatively small.
Driving Forces behind Exiting from Farming in Western Europe
Authors: Breustedt Gunnar , Glauben Thomas 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis study examines the exit process of Western European farmers. Using a simple theoretical model of structural change, we examine empirically the impact of farm characteristics, macroeconomic conditions and policy intervention on farm exits during the 1990s. Econometric estimates using regional data for 110 regions in Western Europe indicate that exits from farming are strongly influenced by farm characteristics and policy conditions. In particular, exit rates are higher in regions with smaller farms and are closely related to production structures. Exit rates are lower in regions with more part‐time farming, high subsidy payments and high relative price increases for agricultural outputs, indicating that off‐farm income and government intervention slow down structural change in European agriculture.
Late Miocene–Pliocene eclogite facies metamorphism, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, SE Papua New Guinea
Authors: MONTELEONE B. D. , BALDWIN S. L. , WEBB L. E. , FITZGERALD P. G. , GROVE M. , SCHMITT A. K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe D'Entrecasteaux Islands of south‐eastern Papua New Guinea are active metamorphic core complexes that formed within a region where the plate tectonic regime has transitioned from subduction to rifting. While rapid, post 4 Myr exhumation and cooling of amphibolite and greenschist facies rocks that constitute the footwall of the crustal scale detachment fault system have been previously documented on Fergusson and Goodenough Islands of the D'Entrecasteaux chain, the timing of eclogite facies metamorphism in rocks of the footwall was unknown. Recent work revealed that at least one of the eclogite bodies formed during the Pliocene. We present combined in situ ion microprobe U–Pb age analyses of zircon from five variably retrogressed eclogite samples from Fergusson and Goodenough Islands that document Late Miocene–Pliocene (8–2 Ma) eclogite formation on these islands. Textural relationships and zircon–garnet rare earth element partition coefficients indicate that U–Pb ages constrain zircon crystallization under eclogite facies conditions in all samples. Results suggest westward younging of eclogite facies metamorphism from Fergusson to Goodenough Island. Present‐day exposure of Late Miocene–Pliocene eclogites requires exhumation rates > 2.5 cm yr−1.
Ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism and exhumation of garnet‐bearing ultramafic rocks from the Lanterman Range (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica)
Authors: PALMERI R. , GHIRIBELLI B. , RANALLI G. , TALARICO F. , RICCI C. A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNorthern Victoria Land is a key area for the Ross Orogen – a Palaeozoic foldbelt formed at the palaeo‐Pacific margin of Gondwana. A narrow and discontinuous high‐ to ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) belt, consisting of mafic and ultramafic rocks (including garnet‐bearing types) within a metasedimentary sequence of gneisses and quartzites, is exposed at the Lanterman Range (northern Victoria Land). Garnet‐bearing ultramafic rocks evolved through at least six metamorphic stages. Stage 1 is defined by medium‐grained garnet + olivine + low‐Al orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene, whereas finer‐grained garnet + olivine + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + amphibole constitutes the stage 2 assemblage. Stage 3 is defined by kelyphites of orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + spinel ± amphibole around garnet. Porphyroblasts of amphibole replacing garnet and clinopyroxene characterize stage 4. Retrograde stages 5 and 6 consist of tremolite + Mg‐chlorite ± serpentine ± talc. A high‐temperature (∼950 °C), spinel‐bearing protolith (stage 0), is identified on the basis of orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + olivine + spinel + amphibole inclusions within stage 1 garnet. The P–T estimates for stage 1 are indicative of UHP conditions (3.2–3.3 GPa and 764–820 °C), whereas stage 2 is constrained between 726–788 °C and 2.6–2.9 GPa. Stage 3 records a decompression up to 1.1–1.3 GPa at 705–776 °C. Stages 4, 5 and 6 reflect uplift and cooling, the final estimates yielding values below 0.5 GPa at 300–400 °C. The retrograde P–T path is nearly isothermal from UHP conditions up to deep crustal levels, and becomes a cooling–unloading path from intermediate to shallow levels. The garnet‐bearing ultramafic rocks originated in the mantle wedge and were probably incorporated into the subduction zone with felsic and mafic rocks with which they shared the subsequent metamorphic and geodynamic evolution. The density and rheology of the subducted rocks are compatible with detachment of slices along the subduction channel and gravity‐driven exhumation.
Dietary Phosphate Restriction and Protein Intake in Dialysis Patients: A Misdirected Focus
Authors: Sherman Richard A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEfforts at controlling hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients have been largely unsuccessful. Phosphate removal in thriceweekly standard dialysis is limited due to the largely timedependent basis for its removal. Phosphate binders, while highly useful, have not solved the problem. Dietary restriction of phosphate beyond dairy products and a few selected foodstuffs has been underemphasized. This is because of the incorrect belief that substantial reductions in dietary phosphate can only be achieved at the cost of potentially harmful levels of protein restriction. In fact, phosphate‐containing food additives are a highly significant source of dietary phosphate and are absorbed to a much greater extent than organic phosphates, making them a target of great therapeutic potential. A considerable reduction in costs, morbidity, and mortality could result from a concerted effort to control this source of dietary phosphate.
Protein and Energy Intake in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: How Much is Too Much?
Authors: Alp Ikizler T. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractUremic wasting is strongly associated with increased risk of death and hospitalization events in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent evidence indicates that patients with advanced chronic kidney disease are prone to uremic wasting due to several factors, which include the dialysis procedure and certain comorbid conditions, especially chronic inflammation and insulin resistance or deficiency. While the catabolic effects of dialysis can be readily avoided with intradialytic nutritional supplementation, there are no established alternative strategies to avoid the catabolic consequences of comorbid conditions other than treatment of their primary etiology. To this end, there is no indication that simply increasing dietary protein and energy intake above the required levels based on level of kidney disease is beneficial in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. However, aside from the potential adverse effects such as uremic toxin production, dietary protein and energy intake in excess of actual needs might be beneficial in maintenance dialysis patients as it may lead to weight gain over time. Clearly, the role of obesity in advanced uremia needs to be examined in detail prior to making any clinically applicable recommendations, both in terms of ‘‘low’’ and ‘‘high’’ dietary protein and energy intake.
The Problem with Kt/V: Dialysis Dose should be Normalized to Metabolic Rate not Volume
Authors: Ross Morton A. , Singer Michael A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCurrent estimates of hemodialysis adequacy are based on calculations of small solute clearance or changes in online measurements of ionic conductance. A minimum target value of the widely used, dimensionless parameter, Kt/Vurea has been adopted nationally and internationally to represent appropriate dialysis delivery. Based on the principles of allometry, which permit the calculation of scaling equations between the mass of an organism and other parameters, we propose that dialysis dose should be normalized to waste product generation (estimated by metabolic rate). The allometric equations predict a nonlinear correlation between body mass and dialysis dose, such that smaller individuals require proportionately ‘‘more’’ dialysis than larger persons. The argument we present is congruent with outcome data as it relates to sex, race, and body size, as well as supportive of studies suggesting that certain groups (e.g., pregnant women, critically ill patients, diabetics) require greater dialysis delivery than the hemodialysis population in general.
Preventing Complications of Radiographic Contrast Media: Is There a Role for Dialysis?
Authors: Rodby Roger A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNephrologists are often called upon to provide hemodialysis to remove radiographic contrast media in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) – usually but not exclusively, those with end‐stage renal disease. The reasons for this request vary from concerns over the volume load associated with the administration of a hyperosmolar solution, to the renal and extra‐renal toxicities of the contrast itself. Simple calculations demonstrate that the increase in extracellular volume after a typical contrast load is minimal. Data supporting the extra‐renal toxicity of contrast in patients maintained on dialysis are lacking. Iodinated contrast agents have molecular weights of 700–1500. This relatively small size as well as their lack of protein binding makes them well suited for removal with extracorporeal renal replacement therapies. Thus, provision of hemodialysis immediately following a contrast load is often utilized in an attempt to prevent further renal damage in patients with advanced stages of CKD. A number of trials have failed to demonstrate that this maneuver is effective. Hemofiltration (HF) has been reported to decrease the risk of acute renal failure in patients with CKD receiving a contrast load, but the studies are methodologically flawed. Therefore, there is currently no sound basis for routinely recommending hemodialysis (or HF) in patients at high risk for contrast media‐associated complications.
Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Implications of Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Dialysis and Nondialysis‐Dependent Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Mark Patrick B. , Petrie Colin J. , Jardine Alan G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPremature cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end‐stage renal failure. Natriuretic peptides, specifically brain natriuretic peptide, are released from the heart in response to chamber distension and thus increased in the presence of volume expansion and cardiac overload. Their physiological role is to cause vasodilatation and promote natriuresis to maintain volume homeostasis. Increasingly serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide are used to both diagnose and manage cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, augmenting the beneficial hemodynamic actions of brain natriuretic peptide may have a therapeutic role in decompensated heart failure. However, the diagnostic role of serum brain natriuretic peptide levels in patients with advanced renal dysfunction remains to be defined. These patients have a high prevalence of left ventricular disorders, specifically left ventricular hypertrophy, which may reduce the diagnostic utility of brain natriuretic peptide. In addition, ventricular stretch may be determined by intravascular volume status rather than by cardiac dysfunction. Nonetheless, as the prognosis of patients with end‐stage renal failure and co‐existing heart failure is so poor, the availability of a further marker of cardiac ‘‘distress’’ may in the future become a useful diagnostic tool and in due course may become a primary goal for titration and tailoring of therapy.
Central Vein Stenosis: A Nephrologist's Perspective
Authors: Agarwal Anil K. , Patel Bhairavi M. , Haddad Nabil J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCentral vein stenosis is commonly associated with placement of central venous catheters and devices. Central vein stenosis can jeopardize the future of arteriovenous fistula and arteriovenous graft in the ipsilateral extremity. Occurrence of central vein stenosis in association with indwelling intravascular devices including short‐term, small‐diameter catheters such as peripherally inserted central catheters, long‐term hemodialysis catheters, as well as pacemaker wires, has been recognized for over two decades. Placement of multiple catheters, longer duration, location in subclavian vein, and placement on the left‐hand side of neck seem to predispose to the development of central vein stenosis. Endothelial injury with subsequent changes in the vessel wall results in development of microthrombi, smooth muscle proliferation, and central vein stenosis. Central vein stenosis is often asymptomatic in nondialysis patients, but can result in edema of ipsilateral extremity and breast when challenged by increased flow from an arteriovenous fistula or arteriovenous graft. Bilateral central vein stenosis or superior vena cava stenosis can produce a clinical picture of superior vena cava syndrome, associated with engorgement of face and neck. Endovascular interventions are the mainstay of management of central vein stenosis. Percutaneous angioplasty and stent placement for elastic and recurring lesions can restore the functionality of the vascular access, at least temporarily. Frequent or multiple interventions are usually required. In recalcitrant cases, surgical bypass of the obstruction is an option. In resistant cases with severe symptoms, occlusion of the functioning vascular access will usually provide relief of symptoms. Further study of mechanisms of development of central vein stenosis and search for a targeted therapy is likely to lead to better ways of managing central vein stenosis. Prevention of central vein stenosis is the key to avoid access failure and other complications from central vein stenosis and relies upon avoidance of central vein stenosis placement and timely placement of arteriovenous fistula in prospective dialysis patient.