bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The AIDS Pandemic: A Nursing Model
Authors: Talashek Marie L. , Tichy Anna M. , Salmon Maria E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe pandemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) calls for global cooperation to develop strategies for interventions both to prevent the disease and to care for persons with it. The conceptual framework “Health for all: A model for nursing's contributions” provides guidance for the processes of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation of care, and evaluation of mortality and morbidity related to AIDS. The disease challenges the biologic, sociologic, medical‐technical, and environmental determinants as they affect health. Specific recommendations for health care interventions are relevant to each determinate, with community health status as the focus.
AIDS and Homosexuality: A Longitudinal Study of Knowledge and Attitude Change Among Rural Nurses
Authors: Young Elaine W. , Koch Patricia B. , Preston Deborah B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWith no effective medical treatment or vaccine for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) available now or in the near future, nursing can make the most difference by providing emotional support and physical care for people with AIDS and their families. One of the least understood areas in providing such care is the feelings nurses have toward persons with AIDS, especially in rural areas. This study measured changes in knowledge and attitude toward AIDS and homosexuality before, immediately after, and three months after an all‐day AIDS workshop for nurses. The program provided current knowledge about transmission of the human immune virus and risk behaviors, and addressed personal feelings regarding fear of caring for persons with AIDS as well as negative feelings associated with homosexuality. Results revealed significant positive changes in knowledge and attitudes three months later. Participants also became significantly less fearful and more willing to care for persons with AIDS. Feelings of fearfulness and willingness to care for people with AIDS were associated not with knowledge differences but with differences in attitudes toward the disease and homosexuality. Therefore, this program's affective component was more closely associated with precursors to behavior change than was cognitive education. As the education needs of rural and community nurses increase, programs specific to them must continue to be developed and studied. Future research must also explore and evaluate actual nursing care of AIDS patients in relation to education program objectives.
The Mutual‐Participation Relationship: Key to Facilitating Self‐Care Practices in Clients and Families
Authors: Pesznecker Betty L. , Zerwekh Joyce V. , Horn Barbara J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe relationship among formal providers, clients, and families in home care is critical. If clients and family care givers are to develop adequate and safe self‐care practices, they must be involved in mutual decision making concerning issues related to the illness and the care to be given. A relationship of mutual participation involves facilitating and negotiating goals with clients and their family members.
The Resource Dependence of a County Nursing Department: Efforts to Thrive in the 1980s
Authors: Felton Bette B. , Parker Sheryl J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis case study documents analysis and planning in a contemporary public health nursing organization using resource dependence organizational theory. Several internal and external factors affect the organization and its relationships with its resources. We attempted to use knowledge of the environment‐organization relationship in several ways. Three examples from inside and outside the county system demonstrate opportunities for nursing to decrease the organization's traditional resource dependence and expand its base of funding and influence. Application of this theory can assist other organizations to adapt and survive in this era of diminishing health care resources.
Information Needs in Home Care: A Review and Analysis
Authors: Helberg June L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBefore prospective payment can be implemented in home care, providers and administrators in home care agencies require information in a variety of areas. This article reviews the literature on several factors likely to influence the market for home care services, including hospital use trends, the response to diagnosis‐related groups by home care agencies, proposed reimbursement patterns, patient disease and demographic profiles, and patient needs. Research must be conducted in several areas before prospective payment can be implemented in home care.
Care Coordination: A Resource‐Intensive Component of Home Health Nursing Practice
Authors: Cloonan Patricia A. , Sinister George F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCoordinating patient care is an activity central to home health nursing practice. Nurses believe that this component of care contributes in a meaningful way to patient well‐being. Yet changes in the home care environment at the patient, agency, and system levels could jeopardize nurses' care coordination activities. This study describes the nature of the care coordination activities delivered by home health nurses and explicates the amount of time expended in these activities. A convenience sample of 143 nurses, employed in 24 home health agencies in a southeastern state, participated. They recorded their time, in 15‐minute intervals, for 10 consecutive working days. On average, they spent 29% of their time in direct care (i.e., home visits), 18% in travel, 18% in record‐keeping activities, and 16% in care coordinating activities. New mechanisms to reimburse home care are on the horizon. Studies such as this that begin to explicate the nature of care requirements are critical if appropriate decisions are to be made about the structure of a reimbursement system for home health care.
The Development of Nursing Diagnoses for Aggregates and Groups
Authors: Neufeld Anne , Harrison Margaret J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA focus on aggregates, groups, or communities as clients is an important characteristic of community health nursing practice. Community health nurse practitioners have identified population groups as one of five functional components in a typology of community health nursing practice. Questions have been raised, however, as to whether such groups need different forms of nursing diagnoses than those used for individuals. We attempted to use nursing diagnoses in a senior community health nursing course with undergraduate students that included experience working with aggregates or groups. Issues were identified in relation to the scope of the role of nurses in the community, the selection of the client, and the use of a taxonomy.
Ethics Committees in Home Health Agencies
Authors: Abel P. Elizabeth 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHome health care providers are increasingly faced with ethical dilemmas. Advancing technology, fiscal allocation guidelines, and patients requiring more complex care influence the delivery of services. Nurses providing home health care frequently must practice independently, and the possibility that they may not be adequately prepared in ethical decision making compounds the problem. As was the case in hospitals a decade ago, it is time to develop ethics committees in home health care agencies.
Preventing Low Birth Weight: Marketing and Volunteer Outreach
Authors: May Kathleen M. , McLaughlin Fern , Penner Mary 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTow birth weight (LBW) contributes to infant mortality and continues to be a public health concern in the United States. A community‐based prenatal program was established to prevent low birth weight through early and continuous prenatal care. Two key dimensions of the program were marketing and the use of volunteer neighborhood outreach workers. This paper explores the role of the program's public health nurses in relation to these dimensions and makes recommendations regarding marketing and use of outreach workers.
Phenomenologic Research as a Theoretic Initiative in Community Health Nursing
Authors: Streubert Helen J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPhenomenologic research is a means of developing clarity on the concepts or phenomena that are the focus of community health nursing practice. Phenomenologic methodology is used in a number of disciplines, including nursing. This paper addresses how the researcher identifies the phenomena of interest, decides on the number of participants, gains access to those individuals, collects data, and analyzes and uses the findings. Specifically, community health nurses can use phenomenology to begin to define the concepts perceived to be of primary concern in the practice arena.
A Model Research Design for Comprehensive Evaluation of a Public Home Health Agency
Authors: Gandy Michael J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Mississippi State Department of Health developed a five‐stage model to perform an evaluation study of its home health services program. A singular element in the process was the deferral of developing the final research design structure until the second stage of evaluation was completed. Primary areas of investigation included identification of verifiable, nonverifiable, and erroneously believed factors affecting program operations; recommendations for changes that could be made in light of research findings to improve program operations both to deliver services and to maximize program earnings; and elements affecting program performance held in common with other home health programs in Mississippi and in other states.
Effects of a School Nurse Prenatal Counseling Program
Authors: Chen Shu‐Pi C. , Fitzgerald Marilyn C. , DeStefano Leona M. , Chen Edwin H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTo determine the effects of a school‐based, nurse‐run prenatal counseling program, records of prenatal care visits of students and their infants' birth weights (i.e., cases) were obtained from the state live birth certificate tape for 1985‐1987. From the same tape, a mother residing in the same community but not enrolled in the program was matched with each case on eight criteria to serve as a control. A total of 288 matched case‐control pairs were obtained. Using McNemar's test, a significantly higher percentage of the cases received adequate prenatal care than did the controls.
Consistency and Cost of Home Wound Management by Contract Nurses
Authors: Turner Joan G. , Larson Elaine L. , Korniewicz Denise , Wible Jean M. , Baigis‐Smith Judith , Butz Arlene , Sennett Lynne 
Published: May 2007

Abstract The purposes of this descriptive study were to determine the consistency of wound care provided by home health care nurses with the physician's order and the agency's written wound protocol; and the type and cost of wound‐management products and nursing services associated with home care.Eleven registered nurses were observed providing wound care in 117 home visits to 31 patients. In addition to the observational component, data were also collected by chart review to facilitate comparison of observed vs. documented care.There were statistically significant differences between observed care given and that which was documented in patients' records. Consistency of care for individual patients was high when care was delivered by the same nurse, but lower when different nurses were involved. The mean dollar value of supplies used for all visits was $9.40, and the average nursing charge per visit was $89.
Barriers to Well Child Care for Homeless Children under Age 13
Authors: Riemer Judith G. , Cleve Lois Van , Galbraith Michael 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Barriers perceived by homeless families to preventive health care for their children under age 13 have been underdocumented. This descriptive study was designed to identify perceived barriers to care and to determine if there was a relationship between perceived barriers and duration of the family's home‐lessness. Using an investigator‐modified version of Melnyk's Barriers Scale and a demographic measure, a convenience sample of homeless families (n= 53) from three transitional shelters was surveyed via questionnaire.Four barriers were cited most frequently by the respondents as greatly affecting their children's care. These barriers involved provider‐selection difficulties, waiting for well child appointments, waiting during well child appointments, and the high cost of transportation and/or parking. No relationship was found between duration of homelessness and perceived barriers.These findings confirm the reality of potential barriers to care suggested by earlier studies. Innovative forms of health care delivery that may reduce or eliminate these barriers include the use of shelter‐site clinics, mobile units, and the use of a nurse liaison between family shelters and hospital‐based clinics.
An Anthropological Study about Epilepsy in Native Tribes from Central and South America
Authors: Carod‐Artal Francisco Javier , Vázquez‐Cabrera Carolina Benigna 
Published: May 2007

Summary:  Purpose: Epilepsy was a well‐recognized disease in pre‐Columbian cultures. However, anthropological studies about epilepsy in native cultures living at the present time are scarce. The objective of this paper was to study native perception and myths about epilepsy, their magic‐religious healing rites and ceremonies, and the natural treatments that archaic cultures used. Methods: An anthropological fieldwork was performed in Central and South America with Tzeltal Maya (Chiapas, Mexico, 1995), Kamayurá (Matto Grosso, Brazil, 1999) and Uru‐Chipaya people (Bolivian Andes, 2004). We collected information from shamans and medicine men about epilepsy beliefs and the use of traditional treatments. Results: Epilepsy is called tub tub ikal by Tzeltal people. It is caused by an attack suffered by the animal spirit who accompanies the person, after a fight between the spirits who serve the forces of good and evil. People with chronic epilepsy are considered witches. Epilepsy is called teawarup by Kamayurá, and is caused by the revenge of the spirit (mama'e) of the armadillo killed by a huntsman. It is treated with two roots, tsimó and wewurú, kneaded and diluted in water. Epilepsy is called tukuri by the Chipaya people, and is originated by a witchcraft that enters into the nose and the head, as a wind. Tukuri is treated with a ritual animal sacrifice called willancha, and by taking several dried insect infusions and bird's blood. Conclusion: These American native cultures have developed a system of orally transmitted knowledge about epilepsy based on magic‐religious traditions.
Bacterial screening of apheresis platelets and the residual risk of septic transfusion reactions: the American Red Cross experience (2004‐2006)
Authors: Eder Anne F. , Kennedy Jean M. , Dy Beth A. , Notari Edward P. , Weiss John W. , Fang Chyang T. , Wagner Stephen , Dodd Roger Y. , Benjamin Richard J. ,   American Red Cross Regional Blood Centers
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND: The American Red Cross initiated systemwide bacterial testing of all apheresis platelet (PLT) collections in March 2004, yet continues to receive reports of septic reactions after transfusion of screened components.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The rates of confirmed bacterial contamination of apheresis PLT collections detected by prospective quality control (QC) testing, and by surveillance of reported septic reactions to screened‐negative apheresis PLTs, were analyzed according to the technology utilized for collection.RESULTS: Between March 1, 2004, and May 31, 2006, bacterial culture testing was performed on 1,004,206 donations; of these, 186 (1:5,399) had confirmed‐positive culture results. Transfusion of all but 1 of the associated 293 components was prevented. A significantly higher rate of confirmed‐positive bacterial cultures was seen with products collected utilizing two‐arm collection procedures compared to one‐arm procedures (22.7 vs. 11.9 per 105 donations; odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4‐2.7). During this period, 20 septic transfusion reactions were reported, including 3 fatalities (1:498,711 fatalities per distributed component), which implicated screened‐negative apheresis PLT products. The frequency of septic reactions was 4.7‐fold higher for collections utilizing two‐arm procedures (1:41,173; 95% CI, 1:25,000‐1:66,667) compared to collections from one‐arm procedures (1:193,305; 95% CI, 1:52,632‐1:500,000; OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.2‐18.4); most septic reactions (16 of 20) were due to Staphylococcus spp. and occurred on Day 5 (13 of 20) after collection.CONCLUSION: PLT contamination with bacteria that evade detection by QC culture remains a significant residual transfusion risk, in particular for older PLTs and skin‐commensal bacteria in components collected by two‐arm apheresis procedures during the study period.
The United States' potential blood donor pool: estimating the prevalence of donor‐exclusion factors on the pool of potential donors
Authors: Riley William , Schwei Matthew , McCullough Jeffrey 
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND: Efforts to ensure donor and recipient safety have reduced the population of eligible voluntary blood donors. The current method for determining eligible blood donors in a population using only age as the criterion for excluding donors poorly reflects the large constellation of factors known to cause donor deferrals. An epidemiologic model has been developed to determine the prevalence of donor exclusions and thus improve the estimate of total eligible blood donors in the nation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Epidemiologic databases were selected to enumerate the population prevalence of 31 donor exclusionary factors which correspond to the AABB standards. Prevalence data were adjusted for age, duration of exclusion, and comorbidities. This method yields the number of excluded individuals to calculate the number of eligible blood donors.RESULTS: The conventional method of calculating eligible donors indicates that there are approximately 177 million eligible blood donors in the US population. This study indicates that this method erroneously includes 66 million individuals who are ineligible due to known exclusionary factors. Only 111 million individuals in the US population are eligible to donate blood.CONCLUSION: The conventional method of determining eligible blood donors overestimates eligible donor prevalence by approximately 59 percent (111 million eligible individual blood donors rather than 177 million eligible individuals). It is recommended that a method similar to the one described in this study be utilized to additionally exclude potential donors not meeting AABB donation standards to improve accuracy of eligible blood donor estimations.
Automated programs for collection of mononuclear cells and progenitor cells by two separators for peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation: comparison by a randomized crossover study
Authors: Ikeda Kazuhiko , Ohto Hitoshi , Kanno Takahiro , Ogata Takashi , Noji Hideyoshi , Ogawa Kazuei , Maruyama Yukio 
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND: Although automated programs have been increasingly used to collect peripheral blood (PB) progenitor cells (PBPCs), differences among them remain unclear. The automated programs of Amicus (Baxter Healthcare) and Spectra (software Version 6.1, Gambro BCT) apheresis machines were compared in a crossover study.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The patients for autologous and donors for allogeneic PBPC transplantation mobilized with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor were randomly assigned into two groups. PBPCs were collected by the Amicus on the first day and the Spectra on the second of 2 consecutive days in Group I, and the reverse order was used in Group II. Of 39 patients or donors enrolled, 17 reached their collection goal with only one procedure and did not participate in the paired study. Thus, 44 paired procedures of the remaining 22 subjects were evaluated.RESULTS: The product yields of white blood cells (WBCs; p < 0.005), mononuclear cells (MNCs; p < 0.02), and CD34+ PBPCs (p < 0.0002) from patients or donors were higher in the Amicus collections than those in the Spectra collections. The collection efficiencies of WBCs (p < 0.03), MNCs (p < 0.02), and CD34+ PBPCs (p < 0.03) were higher in the Amicus collections. The numbers of contaminating platelets (PLTs) in the Amicus collections were lower than those in the Spectra collections (p < 0.05) with a greater decrease in PB PLT counts after apheresis with the Spectra (p < 0.01). The Amicus had a longer running time than the Spectra for processing similar volumes (p < 0.005).CONCLUSION: The automated program of the Amicus may be better than that of the Spectra for collecting MNCs and CD34+ PBPCs and avoiding apheresis‐induced thrombocytopenia.
Short‐term liquid storage of CD14+ monocytes, CD11c+, and CD123+ precursor dendritic cells produced by leukocytapheresis
Authors: Strasser Erwin F. , Keller Benjamin , Hendelmeier Martin , Ringwald Jürgen , Zingsem Jürgen , Eckstein Reinhold 
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND: This prospective study compared white blood cell (WBC) storage in polyvinylchloride (PVC) bags and in polyolefin (POF) bags. After leukapheresis, CD14+ monocytes, CD11c+, and CD123+ precusor dendritic cells (DCs) were analyzed under platelet (PLT) storage conditions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty‐five leukapheresis procedures were performed on blood cell separators (AS.TEC204 [PVC; Fresenius HemoCare GmbH] and the COBE Spectra [POF, Gambro BCT]). Blood cell counts, glucose, lactic acid, pO2, pCO2, and pH were measured in mononuclear cell (MNC) harvests on Days 0, 1, 3, and 5. WBCs were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS: The WBC yields of the AS.TEC204 harvests were 25 percent higher (13.4 × 109 ± 2.7 × 109 WBCs) compared to the COBE Spectra (9.9 × 109 ± 2.5 × 109 WBCs). During 5‐day storage, WBC counts (PVC bags) decreased significantly (24%). Storage in POF bags showed more consistent results (WBC loss, 6%). Loss of CD14+ monocytes and CD11c+ precursor DCs did not differ significantly in leukapheresis products. CD123+ precursor DCs stored in PVC bags dropped by more than 90 percent (POF bags, 24%). Lactic acid concentrations exceeded 20 mmol per L after 24 hours in PVC bags and after 72 hours in POF bags. The mean pH value on Day 5 was 6.2 (PVC) and 6.3 (POF). On Day 1, the product glucose concentration decreased by 76 percent after storage in PVC bags and by 16 percent in POF bags.CONCLUSIONS: Storage of MNCs within 72 hours in the original harvest container assures stable WBC content and is easy to perform. POF bags should be preferred in the case of extended WBC storage. Patient studies should clarify changes in efficiency of hematopoietic reconstitution that might occur over time during MNC storage.