bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Impact of Layperson Rescuer Gender on the Receipt of Bystander CPR for Women in Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Shelton Shelby K. , Rice John D. , Knoepke Christopher E. , Matlock Daniel D. , Havranek Edward P. , Daugherty Stacie L. , Perman Sarah M. 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Women who suffer a witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest receive bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) less often than men. To understand this phenomenon, we queried whether there are differences in deterrents to providing CPR based on the rescuer’s gender.

METHODS:
Participants were surveyed using a national crowdsourcing platform. Participants ranked the following 5 previously identified themes as reasons: rescuers are afraid to injure or hurt women; rescuers might have a misconception that women do not suffer cardiac arrest; rescuers are afraid to be accused of sexual assault or sexual harassment; rescuers have a fear of touching women or that their touch might be inappropriate; and rescuers think that women are faking it or being overdramatic. Participants were adult US residents able to correctly define CPR. Participants ranked the themes if the rescuer was gender unidentified, a man, and a woman, in variable order.

RESULTS:
In November 2018, 520 surveys were completed. The respondents identified as 42.3% women, 74.2% White, 10.4% Black, and 6.7% Hispanic. Approximately half (48.1%) of the cohort knew how to perform CPR, but only 7.9% had ever performed CPR. When the rescuer was identified as a man, survey participants ranked fear of sexual assault or sexual harassment and fear of touching women or that the touch might be inappropriate as the top reasons (36.2% and 34.0% of responses, respectively). Conversely, when the rescuer was identified as a woman, survey respondents reported fear of hurting or injuring as the top reason (41.2%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Public perceptions as to why women receive less bystander CPR than men were different based on the gender of the rescuer. Participants reported that men rescuers would potentially be hindered by fears of accusations of sexual assault/harassment or inappropriate touch, while women rescuers would be deterred due to fears of causing physical injury.
Associations of Alcohol Consumption With Left Atrial Morphology and Function in a Population at High Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Alam Aniqa B. , Toledo‐Atucha Estefania , Romaguera Dora , Alonso‐Gómez Angel M. , Martínez‐Gonzalez Miguel A. , Tojal‐Sierra Lucas , Mora Marta Noris , Mas‐Llado Caterina , Li Linzi , Gonzalez‐Casanova Ines , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi , Fitó Montserrat , Alonso Alvaro 
Published: March 2024

Background
Excessive alcohol consumption has been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. An enlarged left atrium and impaired left atrial function may lead to atrial fibrillation. The association of alcohol consumption with structural and functional left atrial measures, however, has received limited attention.

Methods and Results

We studied 503 participants from the PREDIMED‐Plus (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial, a randomized trial testing intensive weight loss intervention with an energy‐reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion in preventing cardiovascular disease in adults with metabolic syndrome. Participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography at baseline, year 3, and year 5 of the study. Outcomes of interest included volume index and reservoir, conduit, and contractile strains of the left atrium. Alcohol consumption was calculated through food frequency questionnaires and presented as drinks consumed per day. Multiple linear regression and mixed models estimated the association of alcohol consumption with left atrial measurements at baseline and through follow‐up. Cross‐sectionally, higher alcohol consumption (per 1 drink/day increases) was associated with larger left atrial volume (0.65 mL/m
2
[95% CI, 0.18–1.11]) and lower left atrial reservoir and contractile strain (−0.44% [95% CI, −0.87 to −0.01]; and −0.44% [95% CI, −0.75 to −0.14]). Baseline alcohol consumption was not associated with changes in left atrial measurements, but increases in alcohol consumption (per 1 drink/day increase) during follow‐up were associated with left atrial enlargement (0.71 mL/m
2
[95% CI, 0.17–1.26]).

Conclusions
In a population at high cardiovascular risk, increased alcohol consumption was associated with left atrial enlargement and worsening atrial function.

Registration

URL:
http://www.controlled‐trials.com
; Unique identifier: ISRCTN89898870.
Heart Rate Variability, Deceleration Capacity of Heart Rate, and Death: A Veteran Twins Study
Authors: Huang Minxuan , Shah Amit J. , Lampert Rachel , Bliwise Donald L. , Johnson Dayna A. , Clifford Gari D. , Sloan Richard , Goldberg Jack , Ko Yi‐An , Da Poian Giulia , Perez‐Alday Erick A. , Almuwaqqat Zakaria , Shah Anish , Garcia Mariana , Young An , Moazzami Kasra , Bremner J. Douglas , Vaccarino Viola 
Published: March 2024

Background
Autonomic function can be measured noninvasively using heart rate variability (HRV), which indexes overall sympathovagal balance. Deceleration capacity (DC) of heart rate is a more specific metric of vagal modulation. Higher values of these measures have been associated with reduced mortality risk primarily in patients with cardiovascular disease, but their significance in community samples is less clear.

Methods and Results
This prospective twin study followed 501 members from the VET (Vietnam Era Twin) registry. At baseline, frequency domain HRV and DC were measured from 24‐hour Holter ECGs. During an average 12‐year follow‐up, all‐cause death was assessed via the National Death Index. Multivariable Cox frailty models with random effect for twin pair were used to examine the hazard ratios of death per 1‐SD increase in log‐transformed autonomic metrics. Both in the overall sample and comparing twins within pairs, higher values of low‐frequency HRV and DC were significantly associated with lower hazards of all‐cause death. In within‐pair analysis, after adjusting for baseline factors, there was a 22% and 27% lower hazard of death per 1‐SD increment in low‐frequency HRV and DC, respectively. Higher low‐frequency HRV and DC, measured during both daytime and nighttime, were associated with decreased hazard of death, but daytime measures showed numerically stronger associations. Results did not substantially vary by zygosity.

Conclusions
Autonomic inflexibility, and especially vagal withdrawal, are important mechanistic pathways of general mortality risk, independent of familial and genetic factors.
Deviation From Personalized Blood Pressure Targets Correlates With Worse Outcome After Successful Recanalization
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Pu Yuehua , Yu Lei , Bai Haiwei , Duan Wanying , Liu Xin , Nie Ximing , Wen Zhixuan , Zheng Lina , Hu Xiao , Leng Xinyi , Pan Yuesong , Petersen Nils H. , Liu Liping 
Published: March 2024

Background
Personalized blood pressure (BP) management for patients with acute ischemic stroke after successful endovascular thrombectomy lacks evidence. We aimed to investigate whether the deviation of BP from cerebral autoregulation limits is associated with worse outcomes.

Methods and Results
We determined autoregulation by measuring mean velocity index and calculated the percentage of time and the burden (defined as the time‐BP area) with BP outside the autoregulatory limits of each subject within 48 hours after endovascular thrombectomy. In total, 91 patients with large vessel occlusion stroke who had achieved successful recanalization were prospectively enrolled between May 2020 and February 2022. The burden with BP outside the autoregulatory limits was associated with poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 3–6) at 90 days (adjusted odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.03–1.59]). The percentage of time with BP out of the autoregulatory limits was correlated with early neurological deterioration (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores increased ≥2 at 7 days) (adjusted odds ratio, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.04–1.83]). The burden of BP that decreased below the autoregulatory lower limit was associated with significant infarct growth (volume of infarct growth >11.6 mL) at 7 days (adjusted odds ratio, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.01–1.44]). The percentage of time that BP exceeded the autoregulatory upper limit was associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 48 hours (adjusted odds ratio, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.02–2.34]).

Conclusions
Both the percentage of time and the burden of BP that deviates from the autoregulation‐preserved range are associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. This study highlights the potential benefits of autoregulation‐guided BP management strategy after successful recanalization.
Holarctic Lineages Cannot Inform Diversity and Evolution in the Neotropics – the barklice family Psocidae as a case study
Authors: Sarria-Rodríguez Valentina , Gonzalez-Obando Ranulfo , Rivera-Franco Nelson , Cardenas-Henao Heiber , Román-Palacios Cristian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Despite tropical species comprising nearly 60% of Psocidae species, previous studies examining the Psocidae phylogeny have undersampled tropical diversity (<40% species in trees). Here we discuss the systematics of the Psocidae based on the most comprehensive species-level sampling of the Psocidae. We infer the phylogenetic position of 43 previously unsampled Neotropical species in the Psocidae phylogeny. We find that Neotropical psocids are generally not closely related to morphologically similar taxa in the Holarctic region. Consequently, the monophyletic status for the major groups within Psocidae (subfamilies and tribes) is recovered only when Holarctic groups are sampled (7–10 of 11 higher-level groups are monophyletic) but violated when Neotropical species are also sampled in the tree (1 of 11 higher-level groups are monophyletic). Our study pinpoints at the downfalls of simply extending taxonomic knowledge from lineages of a certain area (i.e. Holarctic) to inform diversity and evolution of lineages in other regions (i.e. Neotropics).
Impact and adoption of feed technologies at Nharira-Lancashire Dairy Scheme
Authors: Washaya S. , Masunda B. , Ngongoni N.T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact and adoption of nutrition technologies and their effect on milk production at the Nharira-Lancashire dairy scheme. Sixty households (30 from each scheme) were randomly selected and interviewed by use of a semi-structured questionnaire. Fisher’s exact and Monte Carlo tests were carried out to determine the association between farmer experience and feed technology. Logistic regression was used to rank farmers’ awareness and adoption of feed technologies. The results indicated that farmers have been exposed to at least five new feed technologies and adoption is influenced by education status, sex, age and gender of household head (P < 0.05). Feed technology adoption was in the order: silage 70.83% > sunflower cake 41.66% > legume reinforcement 27.1% > legume trees 16.66% > napier fodder 8.33% > urea treatment 4.17%. Milk yield was affected by month and year (P < 0.05). The impact of adoption was below anticipation, as indicated by lack of economic surpluses. A cost-benefit analysis needs to be carried out for all feed technologies within the study area to streamline viable options.
Law of the Sea Dispute Settlement in the Eastern Mediterranean with Particular Reference to the Delimitation of Palestine’s Maritime Boundaries: Negotiation, Conciliation, Arbitration, or Adjudication?
Authors: Qafisheh Mutaz M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Palestine currently holds contractual relations with 167 States under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. unclos’s dispute settlement mechanisms might vary depending on the process States have opted for. In order to pick a preferred mechanism, a State Party should deposit a declaration with the UN Secretary-General. As it did not file any such declaration, Palestine is deemed to have accepted arbitration by default. However, Palestine can still deposit a declaration to choose other procedures and therefore open the possibility to resort to the International Court of Justice, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, or a special arbitration. Yet, the neighboring States have different approaches. While Egypt has cast opposition to arbitration regarding boundary delimitation, Israel is not a Party to unclos and does not recognize its settlement mechanisms. How can disputes be resolved? Would conciliation work? What are exit channels? This article answers such questions.
Difference between Upshear- and Downshear-Propagating Waves Associated with the Development of Squall Lines
Authors: Yang Hongpei , Du Yu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
During the development of squall lines, low-frequency gravity waves exhibit contrasting behaviors behind and ahead of the system, corresponding to its low-level upshear and downshear sides, respectively. This study employed idealized numerical simulations to investigate how low-level shear and tilted convective heating influence waves during two distinct stages of squall-line evolution. In the initial stage, low-level shear speeds up upshear waves, while it has contrasting effects on the amplitudes of different wave modes, distinguishing it from the Doppler effect. Downshear deep tropospheric downdraft (n = 1 wave) exhibits larger amplitudes, resulting in strengthened low-level inflow and upper-level outflow. However, n = 2 wave with low-level ascent and high-level descent has higher amplitude upshear and exhibits a higher altitude of peak w values downshear, leading to the development of a more extensive upshear low-level cloud deck and a higher altitude of downshear cloud deck. In the mature stage, as the convective updraft greatly tilts rearward (upshear), stronger n = 1 waves occur behind the system, while downshear-propagating n = 2 waves exhibit larger amplitudes. These varying wave behaviors subsequently contribute to the storm-relative circulation pattern. Ahead of the squall line, stronger n = 2 waves and weaker n = 1 waves produce intense outflow concentrated at higher altitudes, along with moderate midlevel inflow and weak low-level inflow. Conversely, behind the system, the remarkable high pressure in the upper troposphere and wake low are attributed to more intense n = 1 waves. Additionally, the cloud anvil features greater width and depth rearward and is situated at higher altitudes ahead of the system due to the joint effects of n = 1 and n = 2 waves.

Significance Statement
Squall lines are a significant source of high-impact weather events, and their development has been partially explained through linear wave dynamics. While the recurrent generation of waves during squall-line evolution has been found, the differentiation of wave behavior behind and ahead of the system, as well as its implications for storm circulation, has remained unclear. This study employs idealized simulations to reveal that during different stages of convection, low-level shear and the tilting of convective heating exert contrasting effects on wave behaviors. Moreover, various wave modes exhibit distinct responses to specific factors, and their combined effect elucidates the structural discrepancies observed both rearward and forward of the convective updraft. These findings could allow a step toward a better understanding of the intricate interaction between waves and convections.
Subseasonal Potential Predictability of Horizontal Water Vapor Transport and Precipitation Extremes in the North Pacific
Authors: Higgins Timothy B. , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Chapman Will E. , Lavers David A. , Winters Andrew C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Accurate forecasts of weather conditions have the potential to mitigate the social and economic damages they cause. To make informed decisions based on forecasts, it is important to determine the extent to which they could be skillful. This study focuses on subseasonal forecasts out to a lead time of four weeks. We examine the differences between the potential predictability, which is computed under the assumption of a “perfect model,” of integrated vapor transport (IVT) and precipitation under extreme conditions in subseasonal forecasts across the northeast Pacific. Our results demonstrate significant forecast skill of extreme IVT and precipitation events (exceeding the 90th percentile) into week 4 for specific areas, particularly when anomalously wet conditions are observed in the true model state. This forecast skill during weeks 3 and 4 is closely associated with a zonal extension of the North Pacific jet. These findings of the source of skillful subseasonal forecasts over the U.S. West Coast could have implications for water management in these regions susceptible to drought and flooding extremes. Additionally, they may offer valuable insights for governments and industries on the U.S. West Coast seeking to make informed decisions based on extended weather prediction.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to understand the differences between the ability to predict high amounts of the transport of water vapor and precipitation over the North Pacific 3 and 4 weeks into the future. The results indicate that differences do exist in a region that is relevant to precipitation on the U.S. West Coast. To physically explain why differences in predictability exist, the relationship between weekly extremes of the extension of the jet stream, IVT, and precipitation over the North Pacific is explored. These findings may impact decisions relevant to water management on the U.S. West Coast susceptible to drought and flooding extremes.
Impact of the Kidney Allocation Revision on Access to Kidney Transplantation and Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Akinyemi Oluwasegun A. , Weldeslase Terhas A. , Odusanya Eunice A. , Hughes Kakra , Cornwell Edward E. , Callender Clive O. 
Published: March 2024

Background The 2014 Kidney Allocation System (KAS) revision aimed to enhance equity in organ allocation and improve patient outcomes. This study assesses the impacts of the KAS revision on renal transplantation demographics and outcomes in the United States. Methods We conducted a retrospective study utilizing the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (OPTN/SRTR) database from 1998 to 2022. We compared recipient and donor characteristics, and outcomes (graft failure and recipient survival) pre- and post-KAS revision. Results Post-KAS, recipients were significantly older (53 vs 48, P < .001) with an increase in Medicaid beneficiaries (7.3% vs 5.5%, P < .001). Despite increased graft survival, HR = .91 (95% CI 0.80-.92, P < .001), overall recipient survival decreased, HR = 1.06 (95% CI 1.04-1.09, P < .001). KAS revision led to greater racial diversity among recipients and donors, enhancing equity in organ allocation. However, disparities persist in graft failure rates and recipient survival across racial groups. Discussion The 2014 Kidney Allocation System revision has led to important changes in the renal transplantation landscape. While progress has been made towards increasing racial equity in organ allocation, further refinements are needed to address ongoing disparities. Recognizing the changing patient profiles and socio-economic factors will be crucial in shaping future policy modifications.
Type of Prior Operation Does Not Predict Surgical Intervention for Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Van Horn Alexandra L. , Soult Alexa P. , Sternick Molly E. , Sturm Emily L. , Britt Rebecca C. 
Published: March 2024

Background: Patients with prior abdominal surgeries are at higher risk for intra-abdominal adhesive tissue formation and subsequently higher risk for small bowel obstruction (SBO). Purpose: In this study, we investigated whether surgical intervention for SBO was more likely following specific types of abdominal surgeries. Research Design: With retrospective chart review, we pooled data from 799 patients, ages 18 to 89, admitted with SBO between 2012 and 2019. Patients were evaluated based on whether they underwent surgery or were managed conservatively. They were further compared with regard to past surgical history by way of type of abdominal surgery (or surgeries) undergone prior to admission. Results: Of the 799 patients admitted for SBO, 206 underwent surgical intervention while 593 were managed nonoperatively. There was no significant difference in number of prior surgeries (2.07 ± 1.56 vs 2.36 ± 2.11, P = .07) or in number of comorbidities (2.39 ± 1.97 vs 2.65 ± 1.93, P = .09) for surgical vs non-surgical intervention. Additionally, of the operations evaluated, no specific type of abdominal surgery predicted need for surgical intervention in the setting of SBO. However, for both surgical and non-surgical intervention following SBO, pelvic surgery was the most common type of prior abdominal surgery (45% vs 43%). There are significantly more female pelvic surgeries in both the operative (91.4% vs 8.6%, P < .0001) and nonoperative groups (89.9% vs 10.2%, P < .0001). Conclusion: Ultimately, no specific type of prior operation predicted the need for surgical intervention in the setting of SBO.
Unstable Vancouver B1 periprosthetic femoral fracture fixation: A biomechanical comparison between a novel C-shaped memory alloy implant and cerclage wiring
Authors: Oh Seog-Hyun , Suh Yu-Sung , Eghan-Acquah Emmanuel , Yurevich Kollerov Mikhail , Won Sung-Hun , Baek Min Jung , Lee Sung-Jae , Choi Sung-Woo 
Published: March 2024

Background To compare the biomechanical stability of a novel, C-shaped nickel–titanium shape memory alloy (SMA) implant (C-clip) with traditional cerclage wiring in the fixation of a Vancouver B1 (VB1) periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF). Methods In total, 18 synthetic femoral fracture models were constructed to obtain unstable VB1 fracture with an oblique fracture line 8 cm below the lesser trochanter. For each model, the distal portion was repaired using a 10-hole locking plate and four distal bi-cortical screws. The proximal portion was repaired using either three, threaded cerclage wirings or three, novel C-shaped implants. Specimens underwent biomechanical testing using axial compression, torsional and four-point bending tests. Each test was performed on three specimens. Results The C-clip was statistically significantly stronger (i.e., stiffer) than cerclage wiring in the three biomechanical tests. For axial compression, medians (ranges) were 39 (39–41) and 35 (35–35) N/mm, for the C-clip and cerclage wiring, respectively. For torsion, medians (ranges) were, 0.44 (0.44–0.45) and 0.30 (0.30–0.33) N/mm for the C-clip and cerclage wiring, respectively. For the four-point bending test, medians (ranges) were 39 (39–41) and 28 (28–31) N/mm; for the C-clip and cerclage wiring, respectively. Conclusion Results from this small study show that the novel, C-shaped SMA appears to be biomechanically superior to traditional cerclage wiring in terms of stiffness, axial compression, torsion and four-point bending, and may be a valuable alternative in the repair of VB1 PFF. Further research is necessary to support these results.