bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2-D Sn wave attenuation tomography beneath the Eastern Himalaya
Authors: Sarkar Sukanta , Singh Chandrani , Tiwari Ashwani Kant , Kumar M Ravi , Dubey Arun Kumar , Dutta Abhisek , Kumar Gaurav , Singh Arun 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY
The Arunachal and Bhutan Himalaya, which are tectonically distinct from other regions of the Himalaya, have a structure that is quite intricate. The eastern Himalayan segment is a component of the region where the Indian and Eurasian plates collided 50 Myr. The Indian Plate goes beneath the Eurasian Plate in the north, and in the eastern part of the region, the Indian Plate subducts under the Burmese Plate. Here, we studied the seismic attenuation of the uppermost mantle by measuring the quality factor of the Sn wave (SnQ) to understand the dynamics of the lithospheric mantle and the cause of the seismic anomalies found in this area. The upper mantle Q structure has significant lateral differences in Arunachal and the Bhutan Himalaya. Arunachal Himalaya’s central region is characterized by a very low $Q\, (\le 150)$. The successive low-high-low SnQ values in eastern Arunachal Himalaya near Siang region have been observed. The western Arunachal region, close to the Bhutan border, exhibits a contrast in Q values. We notice that low Q values (≤200) predominate in the central to eastern Bhutan Himalaya. The western part of Bhutan Himalaya exhibits relatively high $Q\, (\ge 200)$ values, mostly near Paro and Thimpu. Interestingly, a clear boundary between low and high Q has been observed near Kakthang thrust (KT) in the Bhutan Himalaya. We found significant lateral variation of frequency dependent parameter (η) across the study region. They range from 0.25 to 0.75, with low values (≤0.5) found mostly in the central Bhutan Himalaya and in a few isolated areas of the Arunachal Himalaya. Low Q and a relatively higher $\eta \, (\ge 0.5)$ might suggest that the scattering attenuation is the controlling mechanism for Sn wave attenuation in the upper mantle beneath Arunachal Himalaya. On the contrary, dominant low Q values across the central segment of the Bhutan Himalaya, along with a low to moderate body wave velocity and dominating low η values, subsequently corroborate that intrinsic attenuation is the dominant factor in the upper mantle of the central Bhutan Himalaya.
The high-quality genome of Grona styracifolia uncovers the genomic mechanism of high levels of schaftoside, a promising drug candidate for treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Zeng Shaohua , Wang Zhiqiang , Shi Dingding , Yu Fangqin , Liu Ting , Peng Ting , Bi Guiqi , Yan Jianbin , Wang Ying 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Recent study has evidenced that traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) plant-derived schaftoside shows promise as a potential drug candidate for COVID-19 treatment. However, the biosynthetic pathway of schaftoside in TCM plants remains unknown. In this study, the genome of the TCM herb Grona styracifolia (Osbeck) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi (GSO), which is rich in schaftoside, was sequenced, and a high-quality assembly of GSO genome was obtained. Our findings revealed that GSO did not undergo recent whole genome duplication (WGD) but shared an ancestral papilionoid polyploidy event, leading to the gene expansion of chalcone synthase (CHS) and isoflavone 2′-hydroxylase (HIDH). Furthermore, GSO-specific tandem gene duplication resulted in the gene expansion of C-glucosyltransferase (CGT). Integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome identified 13 CGTs and eight HIDHs involved in the biosynthetic pathway of schaftoside. Functional studies indicated that CGTs and HIDHs identified here are bona fide responsible for the biosynthesis of schaftoside in GSO, as confirmed through hairy root transgenic system and in vitro enzyme activity assay. Taken together, the ancestral papilionoid polyploidy event expanding CHSs and HIDHs, along with the GSO-specific tandem duplication of CGT, contributes, partially if not completely, to the robust biosynthesis of schaftoside in GSO. These findings provide insights into the genomic mechanisms underlying the abundant biosynthesis of schaftoside in GSO, highlighting the potential of GSO as a source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical development.
Thermal and energy analysis of a novel solar updraft tower design with divergent chimney and convergent collector concept: CFD analysis with experimental validation
Authors: Cuce Pinar Mert , Saxena Abhishek , Cuce Erdem , Kontoleon Karolos J , Oztekin Erman K , Shaik Saboor , Guo Shaopeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The fact that energy sources are heavily dependent on fossil fuels increases the need for alternative energy day by day. Solar energy is the most popular alternative energy source with massive potential. Solar chimney power plants (SCPP) are one of the systems of interest based on solar energy. SCPP systems are rare systems that can provide 24-hour power output. Their performance has been the subject of constant research since the first pilot plant in Manzanares. Design is crucial for performance figures of SCPPs, and the limitation of climatic parameters causes the system to be approached with different designs. This study makes a 3D CFD model by combining the divergent chimney and convergent collector structure based on the first pilot plant. The solar ray tracing algorithm and the RNG k-e turbulence model are applied and the model equations are solved under dynamic conditions with the reliable software ANSYS FLUENT. After the mesh-independent solution of the model is complete, it is validated with experimental data. The two cases are compared for solar radiation of 1000 W/m2 and environmental temperature of 293 K. A power output of 50.51 kW is achieved for standard pilot sizing. With the new model, the power output rises to 146.34 kW. It is seen that the divergent chimney and convergent collector affect the airflow in the system, increasing the maximum air velocity to 19.363 m/s. In parallel with the experimental data, it is seen that the temperature on the ground exceeds 360 K in the CFD results.
Stereotypes and Stereotyping: Measuring the Accuracy of Lifestyle-Based Judgments on Political Affiliation
Authors: Ouellet Catherine , Tremblay-Antoine Camille 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
People often draw inferences about others’ underlying characteristics from single and static samples of their appearance, such as facial features, or attractiveness. Evidence also suggests that these judgments occur spontaneously and rapidly. Are humans also able to detect political preferences based on appearance? This article examines to what extent observable lifestyle characteristics influence people’s judgments about one’s political affiliation and, more importantly, to what degree these judgments are accurate. A conjoint analysis allows for the identification of the specific lifestyle cues that people use to infer one’s political affiliation. These results are contrasted with a large and unique dataset (n = 64,745), enabling the assessment of how accurate these cues are. Results suggest that certain lifestyle characteristics, such as type of car or leisure activities, are clearly associated with different political parties, at least in people’s minds. Results also suggest that, despite the potential detrimental effects of appearance-based judgments, people are generally pretty good at guessing others’ political preferences. This study contributes to a growing body of research on the relationship between lifestyle and political preferences. More generally, it sheds light on the diagnostic value of appearances in everyday social judgments.
What’s age got to do with it? A study of the implementation of the discharge medicines service for paediatric patients
Authors: Trivedi Ashifa , Bhatti Afaq , Patel Bhavisha , Patel Monica 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The discharge medicines service (DMS) was introduced as an essential service for all community pharmacies in England through the Community Pharmacy Contractual Framework (CPCF) in February 2021. This study aimed to describe the implementation of this service for paediatric patients and to identify any barriers to referrals.

Methods
The study was undertaken in a 24-bed paediatric ward in a District General Hospital from September 2022 to February 2023. All paediatric inpatients on long-term medications were eligible for inclusion. Out of 169 eligible participants, 149 were referred. Community pharmacists accessed referrals through PharmOutcomes® and could accept, complete, or reject referrals on this platform.

Key findings
Of the 149 referred patients, 24 (16.1%) were accepted but not yet actioned; 63 (42.3%) were fully or partially completed; 19 (12.8%) were rejected, and 43 (28.9%) there was no response (remained as referred). Younger children (&lt;2 years) were more likely to have their referral rejected than older children (6 years and older). The feedback from parents was overwhelmingly positive (93.5%) and two families reported that they believed the DMS service prevented readmission to the hospital for their children. No children were involved in the community pharmacist consultation. Barriers to referrals included patients not having a nominated pharmacy and a lack of confidence in completing paediatric referrals.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the value of completing referrals for paediatric patients. More research is required to explore how community pharmacists can be supported to complete paediatric DMS referrals.
Terrorists versus Rebels: The Strategic Use of Implicit Amnesty in the Peace Process in Mali
Authors: Rosenberg Sophie T 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Why do governments block efforts to hold perpetrators of human rights violations accountable, including against actors linked to proscribed groups? This article explores the Malian government’s decisions to support or suspend accountability efforts against prominent individuals during the peace negotiations between 2012 and 2017, including those with links to jihadist groups. By tracing the micro-processes determining how and why certain individuals faced justice for crimes and not others, the article shows how Malian authorities used implicit amnesty measures as a tool of strategic legitimation for certain rebel leaders. This helped constitute certain actors as part of the legitimate opposition and gloss over both their alleged responsibility for human rights abuses and their involvement in jihadist groups excluded from the talks. This article presents a framework that demonstrates how elite bargaining around accountability follows four political rationales and shows how a government’s selective approach to justice can enable actors to use peace processes as a means of impunity and political rehabilitation. This reveals the political significance of implicit amnesty measures, which achieve similar aims as formal amnesties yet without crossing the red line of providing formal amnesty for international crimes and serious human rights violations.
Can “Soft” Advice from International Organizations Catalyze Natural Resource Sector Reform?
Authors: Goes Iasmin , Chapman Terrence L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Can international organizations improve natural resource governance? The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is most noted for its role in crisis lending, where it can wield the “teeth” of loan suspensions to push for reforms. But IMF officials also spend a large amount of time conducting routine surveillance through Article IV consultations, which assess a country’s economic developments and provide non-binding recommendations. Do governments follow this “toothless” advice? To answer this question, we examine the content of all Article IV staff appraisals published between 2004 and 2019. Using text analysis and a difference-in-differences estimator, we find that resource-rich developing countries are more likely to adopt legislation reforming the oil, gas, and mining sectors in the wake of an Article IV appraisal that extensively discusses the natural resource sector and recommends natural resource governance reforms. Our results suggest that technocratic advice—a tool often overlooked in international organization scholarship—can lead to the adoption of policies that help ameliorate the resource curse.
Processing of corn-based dog foods through pelleting, baking and extrusion and their effect on apparent total tract digestibility and colonic health of adult dogs
Authors: Corsato Alvarenga Isabella , Lierz Ryan , Chen Youhan , Lu Andrea , Lu Nanyan , Aldrich Charles G 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDifferent food processing parameters may alter starch granule structure and its cooking degree. With lower thermomechanical energy, more resistant starch (RS) is retained in the food, which may benefit gastrointestinal (GI) health. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of food processing on dietary utilization and dog gut health. Experimental diets containing 56% corn as the sole starch source were produced through pelleting, baking, and extrusion and compared to a baked control diet in which the corn was replaced with dextrose. The extruded diet resulted in the highest level (P &lt; 0.05) of in vitro starch cook and lowest RS, while baked was intermediate and pelleted had the lowest starch cook and highest RS. To evaluate the in vivo effects of these treatments, 12 dogs were adapted to foods for 9 d, and feces were collected for 5 d in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Feces were scored for consistency using an ordinal scale, and parametric data included apparent digestibility (ATTD), parameters indicative of gut health, and the microbial composition, which was centered log-ratio transformed before operational taxonomic unit (OTU) analyses. Fecal scores were analyzed by ordinal logistic regression, and parametric data were analyzed as mixed models. Overall ATTD was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in extruded, followed by baked and pelleted. Dogs fed the control had osmotic diarrhea, whereas dogs fed the other treatments had mostly acceptable fecal scores, with extrusion leading to the best fecal quality. The control also led to high fecal pH and low SCFAs, indicating dysbiosis. All corn foods had similar (P &gt; 0.05) fecal SCFAs and extruded tended (P = 0.055) to promote higher fecal butyrate than baked and pelleted. The microbiome of dogs fed the corn foods had similar α diversity indices, and OTUs at the species and phyla levels were mostly alike and different from the control. In conclusion, the higher levels of in vitro RS did not translate into a better in vivo fermentation profile, and extruded kibble performed best regarding fecal quality, ATTD, and fecal SCFAs.
From Du Sommerard to Poldi Pezzoli
Authors: Froment Paul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
During the Bourbon Restoration (1814–30), Alexandre Du Sommerard started collecting antiquarian objects, mainly dating from the medieval period. In 1833 he settled in the Hôtel de Cluny, where he displayed the collection in an imaginative way that aimed to recreate historical installations. Its success was such that, after the death of Du Sommerard in 1842, the hôtel and the collection of decorative arts were bought by the state and opened to the public as the Musée de Cluny in 1844. This new kind of museum offered an influential model for connoisseurs and collectors, among them Gian Giacomo Poldi Pezzoli.
Preferences of bereaved family members on communication with physicians when discontinuing anticancer treatment: referring to the concept of nudges
Authors: Yoshida Saran , Hirai Kei , Ohtake Fumio , Masukawa Kento , Morita Tatsuya , Kizawa Yoshiyuki , Tsuneto Satoru , Shima Yasuo , Miyashita Mitsunori 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to clarify the situation and evaluate the communication on anticancer treatment discontinuation from the viewpoint of a bereaved family, in reference to the concept of nudges.

Methods
A multi-center questionnaire survey was conducted involving 350 bereaved families of patients with cancer admitted to palliative care units in Japan.

Results
The following explanations were rated as essential or very useful: (i) treatment would be a physical burden to the patient (42.9%), (ii) providing anticancer treatment was impossible (40.5%), (iii) specific disadvantages of receiving treatment (40.5%), (iv) not receiving treatment would be better for the patient (39.9%) and (v) specific advantages of not receiving treatment (39.6%). The factors associated with a high need for improvement of the physician’s explanation included lack of explanation on specific advantages of not receiving treatment (β = 0.228, P = 0.001), and lack of explanation of ‘If the patient’s condition improves, you may consider receiving the treatment again at that time.’ (β = 0.189, P = 0.008).

Conclusions
Explaining the disadvantages of receiving treatment and the advantages of not receiving treatment, and presenting treatment discontinuation as the default option were effective in helping patients’ families in making the decision to discontinue treatment. In particular, explanation regarding specific advantages of not receiving treatment was considered useful, as they caused a lower need for improvement of the physicians’ explanation.
The sovereign function test out of thin air? The status of the central bank determined behind the scenes in Certain Iranian Assets
Authors: Nakajima Kei , Okada Yohei , Nisugi Kento 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
On 30 March 2023, the International Court of Justice rendered its judgment on the merits of the case concerning Certain Iranian Assets, in which the Iranian central bank was not characterized as a company within the meaning of the Treaty of Amity. In so concluding, the Court relied upon the test focusing on the central bank’s sovereign functions and the purposes of the transaction at stake. Debate surrounds the origin and sources of inspiration of the sovereign function test, insofar as the majority’s minimum reasoning leaves an impression that it arose from thin air. This article explores the origin and the sources of inspiration of the test, concluding that the Court’s judgment affords the reading that the test was inspired, albeit clandestinely, by rules and practice specifically dedicated to the characterization of central bank activities, located in areas such as the laws of State immunity or responsibility, by judicial cross-referencing.
Empirical Effects of Resale Price Maintenance: Evidence from Fixed Book Price Policies in Europe
Authors: Williams Rhys J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of Resale Price Maintenance (RPM) agreements in Europe by studying a legally permitted form of RPM in the book market. In particular, we study the effects of such agreements on prices and sales, finding that countries which have Fixed Book Prices policies witness higher book sales, relative to countries without such a policy, with no noticeable effect on the average price of books. We suggest that the mechanism for these findings is that FBP policies promote non-price competition and a diverse network of retailers, increasing quantity, whereas a change in bargaining power reduces double marginalisation, offsetting upward pricing pressure from RPM. While these results are limited to the book sector and are based on a limited number of countries changing policy, they nonetheless highlight that RPM agreements have the ability to confer positive competition effects and absolute prohibition of such agreements may not always be warranted.
New and Emerging Passive Immunization Strategies for the Prevention of RSV Infection During Infancy
Authors: Domachowske Joseph B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To date, safe and effective strategies to prevent medically attended respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) illness across the infant population have been limited to passive immunoprophylaxis for those at highest risk. While active vaccination strategies are finally available to protect adults 60 years and older from serious RSV infection, safe and effective vaccines for use in children have yet to emerge. In contrast, passive immunization strategies designed to protect all infants against RSV has finally met with success, with 2 new strategies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration during the second half of 2023. The first RSV passive immunization strategy to gain licensure for use in all infants is an extended half-life monoclonal antibody directed against an antigenic binding site on the RSV-F prefusion protein, a conformation not known to exist until 2013. The second novel passive immunization strategy approved during 2023 that has the potential to protect much of the infant population from RSV during young infancy centers on boosting preexisting RSV immunity during pregnancy using a prefusion RSV-F vaccine. The resulting boosted humoral immune response to RSV in the mother becomes part of the transplacental antibody endowment that is actively transported across the placenta to provide protection to those babies born at or near term. This review describes how and why these advances came to fruition seemingly “all at once” and provides insight into other passive immunization approaches that remain under development.
A comparative study of star-forming dwarf galaxies using the UVIT
Authors: Amrutha S , Das Mousumi , Yadav Jyoti 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a far-ultraviolet (FUV) study of 16 star-forming dwarf galaxies (SFDGs) using the Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope. Morphologically, SFDGs are classified as dwarf spirals, dwarf irregulars, and blue compact dwarfs (BCDs). We extracted the star-forming complexes (SFCs) from the sample galaxies, derived their sizes, and estimated the FUV + 24 μm star-formation rates (SFRs). We also determined the approximate stellar disc mass associated with the SFCs using Infrared Array Camera 3.6 micron images. We derived the specific SFRs (sSFRs), as well as the SFR densities [Σ(SFR)] for the SFCs. We find that the lower Σ(SFR) for each type is different, with the dwarf irregulars having the lowest Σ(SFR) compared with others. However, the median size of the SFCs in the dwarf irregulars is the largest compared with the other two types when compared at roughly the same distance. We have derived the star-forming main sequence (SFMS) on the scale of SFCs for all three classes of SFDGs. We find that although all SFDGs approximately follow the global SFMS relation, i.e. SFR ∝ M*α (where globally α ≈ 1 for low-surface brightness galaxies and 0.9 for SFDGs), on the scale of SFCs the α value for each type is different. The α values for dwarf spirals, dwarf irregulars, and BCDs are found to be 0.74 ± 0.13, 0.87 ± 0.16, and 0.80 ± 0.19, respectively. However, the age of all SFCs approximately corresponds to 1 Gyr. Finally, we find that the outer SFCs in most galaxies except BCDs have a high sSFR, supporting the inside-out model of galaxy growth.
Spectroscopic diagnostics of lead stratification in hot subdwarf atmospheres
Authors: Scott L J A , Jeffery C S , Byrne C M , Dorsch M 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Heavy metal subdwarfs are a class of hot subdwarfs with very high abundances of heavy elements, typically around 10 000 times solar. They include stars, which are strongly enhanced in either lead or zirconium, as well as other elements. Vertical stratification of the enhanced elements, where the element is concentrated in a thin layer of the atmosphere, has been proposed as a mechanism to explain the apparent high abundances. This paper explores the effects of the vertical stratification of lead on the theoretical spectra of hot subdwarfs. The concentration of lead in different regions of the model atmosphere is found to affect individual lines in a broadly wavelength-dependent manner, with the potential for lines to display modified profiles depending on the location of lead enhancement in the atmosphere. This wavelength dependence highlights the importance of observations in both the optical and the UV for determining whether stratification is present in real stars.