bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pt–Rh Nanoparticle–Based Electrodes for the Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia
Authors: Amrine Roumayssa , Montiel Miguel A. , Montiel Vicente , Solla-Gullón José 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) is one of the most used chemicals. Industrially, ammonia is produced by hydrogenation of N2 through the Haber–Bosch process, a process in which enormous amounts of CO2 are released and requires a huge energy consumption (~ 2% of the total global energy). Therefore, it is of paramount importance to explore more sustainable and environmentally friendly routes to produce NH3. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia represents a promising alternative that is receiving great attention but still needs to be significantly improved to be economically competitive. In this work, the NRR is studied on Pt–Rh nanoparticle–based electrodes. Carbon-supported Pt–Rh nanoparticles (2–4 nm) with different Pt:Rh atomic compositions were synthesized and subsequently airbrushed onto carbon Toray paper to fabricate electrodes. The electrochemical NRR experiments were performed in a H-cell in 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution. The results obtained show interesting faradaic efficiencies (FE) towards NH3 which range between 5 and 23% and reasonable and reliable NH3 yield values of about 4.5 µg h−1 mgcat−1, depending on the atomic composition of the electrocatalysts and the metal loading. The electrodes also showed good stability and recyclability (constant FE and NH3 yield in five consecutive experiments).
Graphical Abstract
Pt–Rh nanoparticle–based electrodes were employed for the NRR to NH3 in 0.1 M Na2SO4. Interesting FE towards NH3 and reasonable and reliable NH3 yield values were observed depending on atomic composition and metal loading. Good stability and recyclability (constant FE and NH3 yield in five consecutive experiments) were also observed.
Anthropocene, planetary boundaries and tipping points: interdisciplinarity and values in Earth system science
Authors: Lam Vincent , Rousselot Yannick 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEarth system science (ESS) and modelling have given rise to a new conceptual framework in the recent decades, which goes much beyond climate science. Indeed, Earth system science and modelling have the ambition “to build a unified understanding of the Earth”, involving not only the physical Earth system components (atmosphere, cryosphere, land, ocean, lithosphere) but also all the relevant human and social processes interacting with them. This unified understanding that ESS aims to achieve raises a number of epistemological issues about interdisciplinarity. We argue that the interdisciplinary relations in ESS between natural and social / human sciences are best characterized in terms of what is called ‘scientific imperialism’ in the literature and we show that this imperialistic feature has some detrimental epistemic and non-epistemic effects, notably when addressing the issue of values in ESS. This paper considers in particular the core ESS concepts of Anthropocene, planetary boundaries and tipping points in the light of the philosophy of science discussions on interdisciplinarity and values. We show that acknowledging the interconnections between interdisciplinarity and values suggests ways for ESS to move forward in view of addressing the climate and environmental challenges.
Child Sexual Abuse and Associated Factors Among High School Female Students in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wada Habtamu Wana , Tesema Kassahun Fikadu , Temesgen Gebremaryam , Dinagde Dagne Deresa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Child sex abuse is a severe violation of fundamental human rights that has numerous negative consequences, including physical and psychological ones, and is a huge global public health issue. It is a significant public health issue that affects millions of people annually around the world but is the least acknowledged and reported form of violence in Ethiopia against schoolgirls. Thus, this study is very important to provide recent information on the magnitude of sexual abuse and its associated factors.

Objective
This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of lifetime child sexual abuse and associated factors among high school female students in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda (AZW), Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 414 randomly selected female high school students in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda between December 20, 2022, and January 20, 2023. A stratified and multi-stage sampling technique was used to select participants from selected high schools. A pretested, self-administered questionnaire was used, and the data were entered using EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS (the Statistical Package for Social Science) version 27. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with sexual abuse using binary logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at a p-value of less than 0.05.

Result
In this study area, prevalence of child sexual abuse was 45% (95% CI 40.6–50.2). Students who slept alone at home (AOR = 4.93, 95% CI 1.46–16.67); having no open discussions with their parents (AOR = 4.49, 95% CI 1.62–12.47); drinking alcohol (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.32–8.28); and having friends who drink alcohol or chew chat (AOR = 6.14, 95% CI 1.58–23.9) were the identified factors associated with child sexual abuse.

Conclusion
This study found a high level of child sexual abuse among high school female students in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda. High schools must collaborate with parents to develop a strategy to reduce sexual abuse acting against human rights, focusing on identified factors.
Change of vegetation cover and land use of the Pómac forest historical sanctuary in northern Peru
Authors: Vera E. , Cruz C. , Barboza E. , Salazar W. , Canta J. , Salazar E. , Vásquez H. V. , Arbizu C. I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe dry forests of northern Peru, in the regions of Piura, Tumbes, Lambayeque, and La Libertad, have experienced significant changes as a result of deforestation and changes in land use, leading to the loss of biodiversity and resources. This work analyzed for the first time the changes in vegetation cover and land use of the Pómac Forest Historical Sanctuary (PFHS), located in the department of Lambayeque (northern Peru). The employed approach was the random forest algorithm and visually interpreted Landsat satellite images for the periods 2000–2002, 2002–2004, and 2004–2008. Gain and loss rates were computed for each period, and the recovery process was assessed using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI). Results indicate an expansion of agricultural land during each period, resulting in the deforestation of 102.6 hectares of dense dry forest and 739.9 hectares of open dry forest between 2000 and 2008. The degree of reforestation in the cleared areas was measured using the NDVI and EVI indices, revealing an improvement from 0.22 in NDVI in 2009 to 0.36 in 2022, and from 0.14 to 0.21 in EVI over the same period. This study is expected to pave the way for executing land management plans, as well as the use and conservation of natural resources in the PFHS in a sustainable manner.
Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of uninjured dominant shoulder in amateur rugby players vs a control group: a pilot study
Authors: Monteleone Giovanni , Tramontana Alfonso , Sorge Roberto 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Rugby is a sport involving a great number of shoulder collisions. Traumatic stress of the shoulder can weaken the static stabilizers and promote major injuries as dislocation or full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff. The goal of this study is to evaluate the clinical and ultrasonographic dominant shoulder factures in a group of amateur rugby players, with no history of shoulder injuries, and to compare them with those of a control group.

Methods
52 male subjects join in the study: 26 amateur rugby players and 26 subjects, which did not practice rugby or competitive sport. Clinical history was obtained from all subjects, followed by dominant shoulder physical and ultrasonographic exams.

Results
Rugby players showed a higher prevalence of positive clinical test, suggesting subacromial impingement than control group (p = 0.01).
Among rugby group, five players (19,2%) showed positive test for radiculopathy (p = 0,02), and ten players (73,1%) reported shoulder pain needing pain-reliever drugs at list one time in the last six months (p = 0.001). In rugby group, ultrasound exams showed 23,1% degenerative changes and 30,8% tendon calcifications in supraspinatus tendons (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Uninjured dominant shoulder of rugby players shows higher prevalence of clinical and ultrasound changes compare to control. Some rugby players without history of cervical symptoms show positive clinical test of cervical radiculopathy. Clinical and ultrasonographic monitoring of the shoulder can play a role in prevention and knowledge of silent shoulder damage in these athletes.
Residual subsidence time series model in mountain area caused by underground mining based on GNSS online monitoring
Authors: Lian Xugang , Shi Lifan , Kong Weiyu , Han Yu , Fan Haodi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe residual subsidence caused by underground mining in mountain area has a long subsidence duration time and great potential harm, which seriously threatens the safety of people's production and life in the mining area. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate monitoring methods and mathematical models to effectively monitor and predict the residual subsidence caused by underground mining. Compared with traditional level survey and InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) technology, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) online monitoring technology has the advantages of long-term monitoring, high precision and more flexible monitoring methods. The empirical equation method of residual subsidence in mining subsidence is effectively combined with the rock creep equation, which can not only describe the residual subsidence process from the mechanism, but also predict the residual subsidence. Therefore, based on GNSS online monitoring technology, combined with the mining subsidence model of mountain area and adding the correlation coefficient of the compaction degree of caving broken rock and the Kelvin model of rock mechanics, this paper constructs the residual subsidence time series model of arbitrary point on the ground in mountain area. Through the example, the predicted results of the model in the inversion parameter phase and the dynamic prediction phase are compared with the measured data sequence. The results show that the model can carry out effective numerical calculation according to the GNSS monitoring data of any point on the ground, and the model prediction effect is good, which provides a new method for the prediction of residual subsidence in mountain mining.
Data-driven lithofacies prediction in complex tight sandstone reservoirs: a supervised workflow integrating clustering and classification models
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Zhu Peimin , Jiang Ren , Huolin Ma , Ashraf Umar , Zhang Hao , Hussain Wakeel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithofacies identification plays a pivotal role in understanding reservoir heterogeneity and optimizing production in tight sandstone reservoirs. In this study, we propose a novel supervised workflow aimed at accurately predicting lithofacies in complex and heterogeneous reservoirs with intercalated facies. The objectives of this study are to utilize advanced clustering techniques for facies identification and to evaluate the performance of various classification models for lithofacies prediction. Our methodology involves a two-information criteria clustering approach, revealing six distinct lithofacies and offering an unbiased alternative to conventional manual methods. Subsequently, Gaussian Process Classification (GPC), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Random Forest (RF) models are employed for lithofacies prediction. Results indicate that GPC outperforms other models in lithofacies identification, with SVM and ANN following suit, while RF exhibits comparatively lower performance. Validated against a testing dataset, the GPC model demonstrates accurate lithofacies prediction, supported by synchronization measures for synthetic log prediction. Furthermore, the integration of predicted lithofacies into acoustic impedance versus velocity ratio cross-plots enables the generation of 2D probability density functions. These functions, in conjunction with depth data, are then utilized to predict synthetic gamma-ray log responses using a neural network approach. The predicted gamma-ray logs exhibit strong agreement with measured data (R2 = 0.978) and closely match average log trends. Additionally, inverted impedance and velocity ratio volumes are employed for lithofacies classification, resulting in a facies prediction volume that correlates well with lithofacies classification at well sites, even in the absence of core data. This study provides a novel methodological framework for reservoir characterization in the petroleum industry.
A Discrete Version of the Half-Logistic Distribution Based on the Mimicking of the Probability Density Function
Authors: Barbiero Alessandro , Hitaj Asmerilda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe introduce a count distribution obtained as a discrete analogue of the continuous half-logistic distribution. It is derived by assigning to each non-negative integer value a probability proportional to the corresponding value of the density function of the parent model. The main features of this new distribution, in particular related to its shape, moments, and reliability properties, are described. Parameter estimation, which can be carried out resorting to different methods including maximum likelihood, is discussed, and a numerical comparison of their performances, based on Monte Carlo simulations, is presented. The applicability of the proposed distribution is proved on two real datasets, which have been already fitted by other well-established count distributions. In order to increase the flexibility of this counting model, a generalization is finally suggested, which is obtained by adding a shape parameter to the continuous one-parameter half-logistic and then applying the same discretization technique, based on the mimicking of the density function.
Measuring Teacher Talk and the Behavior of Autistic Students in Preschool Through Third-Grade Special Education Mathematics Activities
Authors: Sparapani Nicole , Birkeneder Sandy , Towers Laurel , Garcia Johanna Vega , Parks Cindy , Tseng Nancy , Fann Helen , Bullen Jennifer , Nunnally Amanda Dimachkie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Teacher talk provides the medium for teaching and learning. However, there has been little emphasis on conceptualizing and measuring teacher talk within specific contexts and populations or the influence that child behavior has on teacher talk. We described and investigated varying models of teacher talk directed individually toward autistic students within 96 special education mathematics activities drawn from larger mathematics lessons. We also examined child behavior within mathematics contexts measured through observation and via teacher report.

Methods
Our participants included 39 preschool–third-grade teachers across 14 districts in California and their 66 autistic students (M
age = 6.74 years, SD = 2.04). We utilized archival video observations from the start of the school year collected as part of a longitudinal study examining a classroom-based intervention for autistic students.

Results
Our findings provide support for a five-factor model of teacher talk (instructional talk, questioning techniques, responsive language, directive language, and foundational talk) and shed light upon teachers’ overuse of directive language to direct or redirect autistic students’ behavior relative to the other talk dimensions. We also documented a significant positive association between teachers’ use of non-task-related directives and student emotion dysregulation.

Conclusions
This detailed evaluation of teacher talk provides a promising means for gauging the quality of instructional talk and the experiences of elementary-aged autistic students within special education mathematics contexts. Tailoring professional development for educators that centers on understanding developmental characteristics associated with autism and highlighting teacher talk as a targeted intervention is an area for further study.
Stair Climbing Improves Cognitive Switching Performance and Mood in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Stenling Andreas , Quensell Jordan , Kaur Navjyot , Machado Liana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough stair-climbing intervals provide a simple mode of physical activity that can be easily carried out in naturalistic settings and incorporated into the daily lives of a significant proportion of the global population, addressing physical inactivity issues, very little research has focused on the psychological benefits of stair climbing. To address this, the current prospectively registered randomized controlled crossover trial tested whether brief bouts of stair climbing (6 × 1 min intervals) elicit immediate subsequent improvements in cognitive performance and mood in a sample of healthy young adults (final sample: n = 52, 50% female, age range 18–24 years), with consideration of sex, physical activity habits, and exercise intensity as potentially relevant variables. Compared to a no-exercise control session, following the stair climbing participants exhibited superior cognitive switching performance and reported feeling more energetic and happy. In addition, linear regression analyses linked higher stair-climbing intensity (indicated by heart-rate data) to faster response latencies. None of the effects depended on sex or physical activity habits, which implies that males and females can benefit irrespective of their current physical activity habits. Collectively, these results demonstrate that interval stair climbing can confer immediate psychological benefits, providing further evidence in support of stair climbing as a promising means to address physical inactivity issues. TRN: ACTRN12619000484145, Date of registration: 25/03/2019.
Not Just Scraping By: Experimental Evidence for Large Cutting Tools in the High Lodge Non-handaxe Industry
Authors: Stileman Finn , Shipton Ceri , Ashton Nick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The presence or absence of handaxes endures as the major criterion of Lower Palaeolithic classification, with contemporaneous core-and-flake industries modelled as simpler counterparts to Acheulean technology. This is based on the supposed absence of formal tools, particularly of large cutting tools (LCTs) which are understood to be important within Acheulean lifeways, functioning as butchery knives among other uses. Scrapers from the core-and-flake industry of High Lodge (MIS 13) evidence formalised flake-tool production techniques, geared towards large tools with long cutting edges and acute angles, comparable in many respects to Acheulean handaxes. A holistic set of experiments was designed to test the production, efficiency, and practical utility of these scrapers. The experiments compared these scraper forms against handaxes and Quina scrapers. Their use in roe deer butchery indicates functional differences but demonstrates the appropriacy of both large, refined scrapers, and handaxes for processing carcasses of this size. The results support the inclusion of High Lodge scraper forms within the standard definition of LCTs. This interpretation challenges perceived discrepancies between handaxe and non-handaxe industries and deterministic explanations for Acheulean material culture. The feasibility of alternative LCTs supports the argument that the Acheulean represents socially inherited behaviours rather than latent reinventions.
Through Time: Reconstructing Palaeolithic Occupations Through Use-Wear Analysis in the Middle Palaeolithic Site of Ciota Ciara (Borgosesia, Italy)
Authors: Berruti Gabriele L.F. , Angelucci Diego E. , Arnaud Julie , Berto Claudio , Caracausi Sandro , Cavicchi Roberto , Daffara Sara , Galla Riccardo , Palconit Trishia Gayle , Zambaldi Maurizio , Arzarello Marta 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Lithic use-wear analysis, through defining site function and allowing reconstructing of patterns of human occupation, can contribute to our understanding of archaeological palimpsests. The Ciota Ciara cave represents an excellent case study for this methodology. Multidisciplinary research so far conducted on the materials recovered from the atrial sector of the cave distinguishes three archaeological units from a Middle Palaeolithic occupation of the site: stratigraphic units (SUs) 13, 14, and 15. Each unit is interpreted as referring to a period of numerous, superimposed episodes of human occupation, the characteristics of which we try to reconstruct and present in this work through use-wear studies. The functional analysis of lithic industries from the upper units (13 and 14) has already been published previously; here, we report corresponding new data from the lowest level, SU 15. By comparing the use-wear results from the three units and integrating the findings with data from the geoarchaeological, palaeontological, zooarchaeological, and technological studies, we attempt to reconstruct the different phases of human occupation represented in the site through time, contributing to current interpretations regarding settlement dynamics and human behaviour in the Middle Palaeolithic of north-western Italy.
The use of neural computational analysis for drug delivery applications results in hybrid nanofluid flow between the uniform gap of two concentric tubes
Authors: Alharbi Sayer Obaid , Khalifa Hamiden Abd El-Wahed , Gul Taza , Alharbi Rabab , Alburaikan Alhanouf , Bariq Abdul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe blood-based Ag and TiO2 Hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) flow between the two tubes are used for drug delivery applications. Ag and TiO2 hybrid nanofluids have immense potential as drug delivery agents due to their unique properties, controlled release capabilities, targeting abilities, and synergistic effects. Extensive research is being conducted to optimize their design and maximize their effectiveness in various therapeutic applications using experimental approaches. The recent work has been focused on theoretical analysis using the existing experimental data. These HNFs are functionalized with ligands or antibodies to specifically target and deliver drugs to diseased tissues or cells. This targeted approach enhances drug accumulation at the desired site, minimizing systemic toxicity and improving treatment outcomes. An external magnetic field is applied to control the release of drugs from the nanofluids. Magnetic nanoparticles such as iron oxide nanoparticles are incorporated into the nanofluids, which respond to the magnetic field and release the drug at a specific location and time. This offers a controlled and targeted drug delivery system. The graphical and numerical outcomes of the dimensionless momentum and thermal boundary layers are investigated and discussed. It is observed that hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) often exhibit superior heat transfer (HT) properties, primarily due to the high thermal conductivity of nanoparticles. Improving heat transfer helps reduce skin friction by maintaining a more uniform temperature distribution near the surface. Also, this acts in the optimization of the blood flow analysis. In terms of drug delivery applications, hybrid nanofluids are more prominent in refining applications through optimized heat transfer, as shown by the comparison.