bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of microtubule dynamics by the microtubule‐associated protein 1a
Authors: Faller Elliott M. , Brown David L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractStructural microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs) interact with microtubules to regulate the various dynamic stages of microtubules. The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of myc‐tagged MAP1a fragments on microtubule dynamic phases in vivo. Cells from an epithelial kidney cell line (LLCPK1) that had been permanently transfected with human green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐α‐tubulin were transiently transfected with myc‐tagged MAP1a fragments. Cells expressing MAP1a fragments were used to make direct observations of microtubule dynamics in living cells using fluorescence microscopy. All truncated MAP1a heavy chain fragments that contained the microtubule‐binding domain were shown to associate with microtubules. Truncated fragments containing different regions of the projection domain of MAP1a demonstrated variations in their impact on microtubule dynamic events by promoting growth or inhibition of shortening phases. In contrast to MAP1a, MAP2c bundled microtubules and resulted in a complete arrest of microtubule motility. Results from the present study suggest that MAP1a promotes slow, stable growth of microtubules. This type of growth may be important in the maintenance and restructuring of adult neurons. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a chemiluminescent enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for five sulfonamide residues in chicken muscle and pig muscle
Authors: Liu Junwei , Fang Guozhen , Zhang Yan , Zheng Wenjie , Wang Shuo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on polyclonal antibodies with enhanced chemiluminescent (ECL) detection of sulfonamides in food samples has been optimised and characterised. The specificity of the assay was assessed by determining cross‐reactivities with a set of 16 sulfonamides. The aim of this study was to develop a method for determining sulfonamides with high sensitivity.RESULTS: The sensitivity of the developed ECL‐ELISA was higher than that of colorimetric ELISA. The sensitivities of five of the sulfonamides (sulfisozole, sulfathiazole, sulfameter, sulfamethoxypyridazine and sulfapyridine) ranged from 0.73 to 2.92 µg L−1, with limits of detection of 0.10–0.43 µg L−1. The coefficients of variation of intra‐assay and inter‐assay studies carried out over 5 days were mostly less than 10%. Recovery studies of chicken muscle and pig muscle were performed with simple and rapid extraction. Good recoveries (62.1–110.3%) were achieved and the results correlated well with those obtained using high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis.CONCLUSION: This study has provided an effective analytical technique for the rapid and reliable determination of residues of sulfisozole, sulfathiazole, sulfameter, sulfamethoxypyridazine and sulfapyridine in food samples with high sensitivity. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on chemiluminescent ELISA for sulfonamide analysis. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Delayed harvest reduces quality of raw and roasted macadamia kernels
Authors: Walton David A , Wallace Helen M 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Macadamia integrifolia, M. tetraphylla and their hybrids are cultivated for their edible kernels. Abscised macadamia fruit is gathered from the ground, and harvest intervals vary due to management decisions or unavoidable delays. In this study, macadamia fruit from cultivar HAES 344 was harvested between May and August in three experiments in south‐east Queensland, Australia. Control fruit was dehusked, dried and evaluated immediately, while delayed harvest fruit remained on the ground under trees for periods of 3 and 5 weeks before processing. Whole kernel weight, shoulder damage and weight of pieces were assessed for raw kernels, and kernel colour mottled colour and surface damage were assessed after roasting.RESULTS: Delaying harvest for 3 weeks in experiment 1, and 3 or 5 weeks in experiment 2 reduced whole kernel and increased shoulder damage and weight of pieces. Experiment 3 raw kernel was not affected. After‐roast darkening increased in all experiments, and roasting produced severe mottled colour in one experiment, and severe surface damage in two of three experiments.CONCLUSION: Macadamia kernels may deteriorate rapidly when harvest is delayed, and both raw and roasted kernel quality may be affected. Shorter harvest intervals, preferably less than 3 weeks, will help maintain optimum kernel quality. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of preoperative ultrasonography as guidance for neck dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Roh Jong‐Lyel , Park Jae‐Yong , Kim Jin‐Man , Song Chang‐Jun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative neck ultrasonography (US) may detect nodal metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) but its utility in detecting metastases at specific neck subsites and levels is not known. We therefore evaluated preoperative US in detecting cervical metastases of PTC according to neck subsites and levels.MethodsPreoperative US was performed in 133 new patients to detect metastases at three central cervical subsites and five lateral cervical levels. All patients underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral central neck dissection. Thirty‐four patients with lateral nodal metastases underwent modified radical neck dissection.ResultsLymph node metastases to the central and lateral cervical compartments were identified in 57.9% and 25.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of US for detecting central nodal metastasis were 61.0% and 92.8%, respectively. In the lateral neck, US detected non‐palpable lymph node metastases in 6 of 34 patients (17.6%). Overall, US was >85.0% specific at all cervical subsites and levels.ConclusionPreoperative US may detect cervical metastases of PTC and may assist in determining the necessity and extent of neck dissection in PTC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:28–31. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimum shape design for surface of a porous slider bearing lubricated with couple stress fluid
Authors: Elsharkawy Abdallah A. , Alyaqout Sulaiman F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPorous‐bearing performance can significantly benefit from optimally designing the shape of the bearing. The present paper introduces an approach for designing the optimum shape of a slider bearing using an inverse method. The proposed approach utilises a sequential quadratic programming algorithm to minimise friction subject to load and centre of pressure requirements specified by the designer. Bearing characteristics, such as friction, load and centre of pressure, are obtained by solving a modified Reynolds‐type equation numerically using the finite difference method. The modified Reynolds equation is derived on the basis of Stokes' microcontinuum theory of couple stress fluids, which is used to study non‐Newtonian lubricants. Results show that the optimisation approach reduces the coefficient of friction. In addition, the dimensionless slip parameter is shown to be the most significant parameter affecting optimal friction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light‐emitting diode therapy in chemotherapy‐induced mucositis
Authors: Sacono Nancy T. , Costa Carlos A.S. , Bagnato Vanderlei S. , Abreu‐e‐Lima Fabio C.B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMucositis is the most common oral complication of cancer chemotherapy, which causes pain on mastication and swallowing, impairs patients' ability to eat and take oral drugs and may determine interruption of the treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of light‐emitting diode (LED) therapy on chemotherapy‐induced mucositis in hamsters.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAnimals of both experimental (Group I; n = 32) and positive control (Group II; n = 32) groups received intraperitoneal injections of 5‐fluorouracil on days 0 and 2. All animals had their right and left cheek pouch irritated by superficial scratching on days 3 and 4. In Group I, LED irradiation (630 nm±10 nm, 160 mW, 12 J/cm2) was applied during 37.5 seconds at days 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14. In Group II, mucositis was induced, but LED therapy was not performed. The oral mucosa was photographed from day 4 to 14 at 2‐day intervals. Photographs were randomly scored according to the severity of induced mucositis (0 to 5). In the negative control group (Group III; n = 6), no mucositis was induced. Biopsies of the cheek pouches of 8 animals (Group I and Group II) were surgically obtained on days 5, 9, 13 and 15 and processed for histological examination.ResultsThe statistical analysis showed significant differences between irradiated and non‐irradiated groups (P<0.05). However, muscular degeneration was observed in 18% of the samples of Group I.ConclusionIt may be concluded that the LED therapy protocol established for this in vivo study was effective in reducing the severity of oral mucositis, although the oral lesions were not completely prevented. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:625–633, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of threshold irradiances and online dosimetry for selective retina treatment (SRT) in patients treated with 200 nanoseconds and 1.7 microseconds laser pulses
Authors: Framme Carsten , Walter Andreas , Prahs Philipp , Theisen‐Kunde Dirk , Brinkmann Ralf 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundSelective retina therapy (SRT) solely affecting the RPE while sparing of the photoreceptors is usually performed with a train of repetitive laser pulses of 1.7 microseconds in duration. It was our purpose to evaluate the principle feasibility of SRT with shorter 200 nanoseconds laser pulses in patients.MethodsNineteen patients with macular disorders [diabetic maculopathy (DMP), geographic atrophy (GA), drusen maculopathy and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR)] were treated with a prototype of a SRT laser (Nd:YLF laser; 527 nm; 1.7 microseconds and 200 nanoseconds pulse duration; 30 pulses at 100 Hz; spot size: 200 µm). Test lesions (n = 175) with increasing energy were applied at the lower arcade to determine the individual angiographic and ophthalmoscopic threshold radiant exposures (therapeutic window) before applying the central treatment lesions within these ranges additionally guided by online optoacoustic measurements. Postoperatively RPE damage was visualized and confirmed by fluorescein angiographic leakage and correlated with optoacoustic results. Additionally ED50 damage thresholds were calculated by probit analysis.ResultsNone of the short repetitive 200 nanoseconds laser pulses led to retinal hemorrhages or retinal ruptures. Nearly all of the test‐ and treatment lesions could be visualized by angiography indicating desired RPE damage but were ophthalmoscopically invisible suggesting intact neurosensory retinal structures. ED50 cell damage threshold energies were significantly lower using 200 nanoseconds (99.6 µJ; n = 122) instead of 1.7 microseconds (196.3 µJ; n = 53) laser pulses. Optoacoustic and angiographic visibility correlated in 83.7% (200 nanoseconds) and 87.5% (1.7 microseconds).ConclusionsSelective RPE effects can safely be achieved using shorter 200 nanoseconds laser pulses in patients without adverse effects to the neurosensory retina. The required pulse energy compared to the standard 1.7 microseconds regime was reduced by about a factor of 2 suggesting a reduced heat generation and flow into adjacent tissues during the shorter laser impact and thus possibly enhancing selectivity. Optoacoustics also seem to be a viable alternative in 200 nanoseconds treatment for a non‐invasive online dosimetry control system. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:616–624, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective cryolysis: A novel method of non‐invasive fat removal
Authors: Manstein Dieter , Laubach Hans , Watanabe Kanna , Farinelli William , Zurakowski David , Anderson R. Rox 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesExcess fat poses a host of local and systemic problems. Various energy sources, for example, laser, ultrasound, and radiofrequency electric current have been studied as potential non‐invasive treatments aimed at local destruction of subcutaneous fat. Cryosurgery at very low temperatures is routinely used for non‐specific tissue destruction, however the potential for tissue‐specific cold injury has not been investigated. This study describes non‐invasive cold‐induced selective destruction of subcutaneous fat.Materials and MethodsBlack Yucatan pigs under general anesthesia were exposed within test sites to preset temperatures of 20, −1, −3, −5, and −7°C for 10 minutes. Gross and histological assessments were performed immediately, 1 day, 2, 7, 14 and 28 days post‐cold exposure for four pigs, and up to 3.5 months for one pig. Additionally, six pigs were exposed between −5°C and −8°C for 10 minutes, at sites covering approximately 15% body surface area, followed by serum lipid level determinations at various time points up to 3 months.ResultsA lobular panniculitis was induced by cooling, followed for some test sites by grossly obvious loss of several mm of subcutaneous fat occurring gradually during the 3.5 months study period. Loss of adipocytes, the appearance of lipid‐laden mononuclear inflammatory cells, and local thickening of fibrous septae were noted. Typically there was no clinical or histological evidence of injury to skin, and no scarring. Serum lipids were not significantly increased.ConclusionsProlonged, controlled local skin cooling can induce selective damage and subsequent loss of subcutaneous fat, without damaging the overlying skin. Selective cryolysis warrants further study as a local treatment for removal of adipose tissue. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:595–604, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heteroarm Star Polystyrene‐block‐Poly(4‐vinylpyridine): Multiple Morphologies in Dilute Solutions
Authors: Lin Chia‐Hung , Chen Wen‐Chang , Chen Hsin‐Lung 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSynthesis and solution morphologies of four new heteroarm star polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) were studied. As the water content increased, a morphological transformation of heteroarm PS4‐P4VP4 from spheres to cylinders, vesicles, and large compound vesicles was observed. The morphology of PS4‐P4VP4 in the solvent mixture of DMF/water or 1,4‐dioxane/water was spherical, but changed to large compound micelles in THF/water. As the P4VP molar ratio decreased, the morphology changed from spherical mixed with cylindrical to vesicles, giant vesicles, and then to LCMs. The present study demonstrated the formation of multiple morphologies through manipulating solvent polarity and block ratio in dilute solution.magnified image
Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Alternating Copolymers of N‐Methylmaleimide with Olefins Including Cyclic and Polar Groups
Authors: Omayu Akitoshi , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe radical alternating copolymerization of N‐methylmaleimide with various olefins was carried out to obtain thermally stable and transparent polymers. Cyclic olefins including an exo‐methylene group showed high polymerization reactivities during the copolymerization. The introduction of a polar substituent into the olefin monomers results in the formation of copolymers with a high yield. The polymerization reactivity of the olefins is discussed based on DFT calculations. The introduction of cyclic and polar substituents into the olefin repeating units increased the glass transition temperature of the obtained copolymers, similar to the previously reported results for the introduction of bulkier and polar substituents into the N‐substituents of the maleimide.magnified image
Kink Bands in High‐Performance Fibers Studied by X‐Ray Microdiffraction
Authors: Davies Richard J. , Burghammer Manfred , Riekel Christian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study reports on the investigation of kink bands within a single high performance fiber. Using microfocus XRD in a scanning acquisition mode, kink bands can be visualized along the length of a fiber in a manner similar to other microscopy techniques. Unlike other techniques, however, µXRD also provides access to internal structural information. For example, from the diffraction data it is possible to reconstruct the complete microgeometry of single kink bands based upon experimental results. This capability opens the door to a range of future studies. This could include tracking the formation and evolution of kink bands in situ, or studying kink bands within fibers embedded within a composite material.magnified image
Limit theorems on locally compact Abelian groups
Authors: Barczy Mátyás , Bendikov Alexander , Pap Gyula 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe prove limit theorems for row sums of a rowwise independent infinitesimal array of random variables with values in a locally compact Abelian group. First we give a proof of Gaiser's theorem [4, Satz 1.3.6], since it does not have an easy access and it is not complete. This theorem gives sufficient conditions for convergence of the row sums, but the limit measure cannot have a nondegenerate idempotent factor. Then we prove necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence of the row sums, where the limit measure can be also a nondegenerate Haar measure on a compact subgroup. Finally, we investigate special cases: the torus group, the group of p ‐adic integers and the p ‐adic solenoid. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Existence and multiplicity results for quasilinear hemivariational inequalities at resonance
Authors: Gasiński Leszek 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper we consider quasilinear hemivariational inequality at resonance. We prove existence results for strongly resonant quasilinear problem, resonant problem under a Tang‐type condition as well as two multiplicity results. The method of the proofs is based on the nonsmooth critical point theory for locally Lipschitz functions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wavelet expansions forBMOρ (w)‐functions
Authors: Harboure Eleonor , Salinas Oscar , Viviani Beatriz 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe give necessary and sufficient conditions on the wavelet coefficients of a function for being a member of some BMOφ (w) space. We achieve this characterization for a wide variety of wavelet systems. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Slice filtration on motives and the Hodge conjecture (with an appendix by J. Ayoub)
Authors: Huber Annette 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe clarify the expected properties of the slice filtration on triangulated motives from the point of view of the generalized Hodge conjecture. In the appendix, J. Ayoub proves unconditionally that the slice filtration does not respect geometric motives. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The links of 3‐dimensional singularities defined by Brieskorn polynomials
Authors: Katanaga Atsuko , Nakamoto Kazunori 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we completely determine the diffeomorphism types of the 5‐dimensional links of 3‐dimensional log‐canonical singularities defined by Brieskorn polynomials. Moreover, we show that if k is an integer with 1 ≤ k < 611, then there is no link K defined by a Brieskorn polynomial in ℂ4 such that the order of H2(K) is 6k. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quarkonial decomposition suitable for functional‐differential equations of delay type
Authors: Sawano Yoshihiro , Yoneda Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper we apply quarkonial decomposition to the ordinary differential equation of delay type f ′(x) = f (x – 1), x ≥ 1. We shall derive an explicit formula in terms of the quarkonial decomposition. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stationary solutions to an energy model for semiconductor devices where the equations are defined on different domains
Authors: Glitzky Annegret , Hünlich Rolf 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe discuss a stationary energy model from semiconductor modelling. We accept the more realistic assumption that the continuity equations for electrons and holes have to be considered only in a subdomain Ω0 of the domain of definition Ω of the energy balance equation and of the Poisson equation. Here Ω0 corresponds to the region of semiconducting material, Ω \ Ω0 represents passive layers. Metals serving as contacts are modelled by Dirichlet boundary conditions.We prove a local existence and uniqueness result for the two‐dimensional stationary energy model. For this purpose we derive a W1,p ‐regularity result for solutions of systems of elliptic equations with different regions of definition and use the Implicit Function Theorem. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
One‐Step Preparation of Electrospun Microfibrous Polystyrene Mats Having Surface Enriched in p‐tert‐Butylcalix[4]arene Fitted with Phosphinoyl Pendant Arms
Authors: Ignatova Milena , Manolova Nevena , Lachkova Victoria , Varbanov Sabi , Rashkov Iliya 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPolystyrene microfibers containing lower‐rim substituted calix[4]arene with phosphinoyl pendant arms were easily prepared in one‐step procedure by electrospinning. A specific feature of the fibers is the difference in their functionality at the surface and in the bulk. The graded structure of the fibers was shown by XPS analyses. The calix[4]arene concentration in the 3–5 nm surface layer was 50% higher than the theoretically calculated if calix[4]arene was uniformly distributed in the fibers. A six‐coordinated complex was formed between the calix[4]arene included in the fibers and Ni2+ ions. The distribution of phosphorus along the fibers is uniform, as evidenced by X‐ray mapping.magnified image
Enhanced Templating in the Crystallisation of Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Using 1,3:2,4‐di(4‐Chlorobenzylidene) Sorbitol
Authors: Wangsoub Supatra , Davis Fred J. , Mitchell Geoffrey R. , Olley Robert H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe show that small quantities of 1,3:2,4‐di(4‐chlorobenzylidene) sorbitol dispersed in poly(ε‐caprolactone) provide a very effective self‐assembling nanoscale framework which, with a flow field, yields extremely high levels of polymer crystal orientation. During modest shear flow of the polymer melt, the additive forms highly extended nano‐particles which adopt a preferred alignment with respect to the flow field. On cooling, polymer crystallisation is directed by these particles. This chloro substituted dibenzylidene sorbitol is considerably more effective at directing the crystal growth of poly(ε‐caprolactone) than the unsubstituted compound.magnified image
Neue Methoden zur Beurteilung der Betriebsfestigkeit im Fahrzeugauslegungs‐ und ‐absicherungsprozess
Authors: Brune M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDer moderne Auslegungs‐ und Absicherungsprozess in der Automobilindustrie beinhaltet experimentelle, messtechnische und auch rechnerische Methoden. Dieser Beitrag erläutert anhand von Beispielen neue Entwicklungen in der Betriebsfestigkeitsauslegung, insbesondere auf dem Gebiet der virtuellen Methoden. Dies bezieht sich zum einen auf die virtuelle Lastdatenermittlung, zum anderen auf die Verbesserung der rechnerischen Lebensdauerabschätzung. Hier werden zwei aktuelle Beispiele der Methodenentwicklung erläutert. Das erste Beispiel behandelt die Berücksichtigung von Werkstoffinhomogenitäten bei der Berechnung von Aluminium‐Gussbauteilen, das zweite Beispiel beschreibt die Vorgehensweise der Auslegung von Bauteilen aus kurzfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen mittels eines neuen Berechnungsverfahrens.