bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet collection using the IBM 2997 cell separator
Authors: Bond Rodney , Wood Lucille , Jacobs Peter , Kernoff Leslie M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlatelets were collected using the dual‐channel module on the IBM 2997 Blood Fraction Separator. We carried out 320 procedures to harvest platelets for therapeutic purposes and yielded 5.1 ± 1.5 × 1011 platelets (mean ± SD). Infusion into previously unsensitized recipients with hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia achieved increments at 1 hr of 19 ± 7.3 × 109/liter/nr (mean ± SD) and at 24 hr of 15 ± 6.3 × 109/liter/nr. The only consistent donor reaction was mild hypocalcaemia. easily corrected by calcium gluconate infusion. Changes in donor packed‐cell volume and white cell count were not statistically altered (p > 0.05) but donor platelet counts fell from 216 ± 43.1 × 109/liter to 162.5 ± 41.7 × 109/liter (mean ± SD) (p < 0.01). Additional plateletphereses were carried out in seven normal volunteers, using the same technique, in order that the function of the harvested platelets could be studied. Following radiochromium labelling and reinfusion into the same donors, normal in vivo recoveries were obtained at 10 min (59.4 ± 3.4%; mean ± SD) and platelet mean life span was also normal (218 ± 12 hr; mean ± SD). Furthermore, in vitro platelet factor III availability and aggregation patterns of the harvested platelets did not differ from control values and their ultrastructural appearance was normal.
Controlled trial of plasma exchange in acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Greenwood R. J. , Hughes R. A. C. , Bowden A. N. , Gordon N. S. , Millac P. , Davis J. Newsom , Asian S. , Chadwick D. W. , McLellan D. L. , Stott R. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA randomized controlled trial of exchange versus no exchange was conducted to find out whether plasma exchange would be useful in acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy. It was calculated that 15 patients would be required in each group to demonstrate a worthwhile improvement in functional ability one month after completion of treatment. Treatment comprised five exchanges in 10 days (55 ml plasma/kg body weight/exchange). Both groups received normal supportive care and were followed up periodically for a year. Overall the treated group showed a slight but not significant benefit (p>0.05); at two weeks' follow‐up of patients admitted to the trial within 14 days of onset of neuropathic symptoms, p=0.07. These results do not provide grounds for recommending plasma exchange for the treatment of severe AIP.
Improved method for automated red cell exchange in sickle cell disease
Authors: Castro Oswaldo , Finke‐castro Helga , Coats Debra 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn improved method for intermittent‐flow erythrocytapheresis in patients with sickle cell disease is reported. the method, a modification of the standard red cell exchange procedure for the haemonetics 30s unit, dilutes with physiologic saline the patient's blood as it flows from the draw line and before it reaches the centrifugation bowl. the blood dilution (approximately 1.6 parts saline to 1 part blood) is used only during the first two passes, when the proportion of sickle erythrocytes in the patient's blood is still high. only that amount of bowl supernatant (saline‐diluted plasma) necessary to maintain extracorporeal volume below 500 ml is returned to the patient. the method described largely prevents the clumping of sickle erythrocytes in the centrifugation bowl, a complication frequently encountered with the haemonetics 30s unit. thus, changing the bowl between passes is avoided. furthermore, the sickle red cells can be collected with the first pass and cryopreserved for possible future uses including the option of autotransfusion.
Plateletpheresis: A comparative study of six different protocols
Authors: Puig Li. , Mazzara R. , Gelabert A. , Castillo R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix different protocols were employed in 710 plateletpheresis employing Haemonetics 30, Fenwal CS‐3000, IBM 2997 dual stage channel, IBM 2997 single‐stage channel, and Haemonetics V‐50 „surge pump”︁ method. When Haemonetics 30 and IBM 2997 single‐stage channel procedures were used, 5.4 to 5.9 × 1011 platelets were collected with significant leukocyte contamination (10.8 to 11.6 × 109). With Fenwal CS‐3000, dual‐stage channel of IBM 2997 and Haemonetics V‐50 „surge pump”︁ there was less leukocyte contamination in concentrates (0.3 to 0.9 × 109) as well as a lower platelet yield (3.4 to 4.3 × 1011). No difference in yield was observed when plateletpheresis was performed with ACD‐A or ACD‐B employing the single‐stage channel of IBM 2997. Paraesthesias was the most frequently seen side effect in donors, with a higher incidence when using ACD‐A and IBM 2997.
Autologous transplantation with circulating hemopoietic stem cells
Authors: Zander Axel R. , Cockerill Kevin J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCirculating stem cells exist in sufficient numbers in mouse, dog, and man to allow collection and transplantation after ablative treatment. Preclinical studies in the mouse have shown a low concentration, with a transplantation potential ratio of bone marrow to blood of 1:100. The ratio of circulating stem cells to bone marrow stem cells is more favorable in the dog (1:10‐20). Recent pilot studies carried out in different centers with 10 patients have shown that this approach is feasible in man, too. It appears that 5 × 108 mononuclear cells/kg of body weight collected by seven or eight leukapheresis procedures of about 4 hrs each is sufficient for fast hemopoietic recovery after marrow ablative treatment. Potential advantages of the use of blood stem cells over bone marrow stem cells are the decreased likelihood of contamination with malignant cells, the avoidance of general anesthesia, and the infusion of immunocompetent cells, which might hasten immunorecovery in the autologous setting.
Clinical evaluation of three types of plasmapheresis in a patient with type IIa familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Mimori Akio , Takahashi Koki , Mitamura Tadayuki , Kato Hirokazu , Teramoto Tamio , Komuro Issei , Honda Zenichiro , Toma Shigeto , Miyamoto Terumasa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLong‐term plasmapheresis (PP) therapy was studied in a 56‐year‐old patient with homozygous type IIa familial hypercholesterolemia also suffering from severe coronary heart disease. Three different PP techniques, plasma exchange (PE), double‐membrane‐filtration plasmapheresis (DFP), and the recently developed low‐density lipoprotein adsorbent column (adsorption plasmapheresis, adsorption PP), were used in an attempt to develop better means of managing the disease. All three techniques showed similar elimination efficiency with respect to plasma total cholesterol level. Adsorption PP with minimal supplemental plasma protein managed the circulatory status of the patient better than DFP during extracorporeal treatment. In the course of PP therapy xanthoma tuberosum markedly regressed, and the cardiac status of the patient was clearly improved.
Antibody‐mediated peripheral neuropathies associated with ARC and AIDS: Successful treatment with plasmapheresis
Authors: Kiprov Dobri , Pfaeffl Wolfgang , Parry Gareth , Lippert Randolph , Lang William , Miller Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy is increasingly recognized in patients with AIDS as well as AIDS‐related complex (ARC). Thirty homosexual men with polyneuropathy were evaluated in this study. Twenty‐one had ARC and nine had AIDS. We observed three distinct clinical syndromes: distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyrediculoneuropathy (CIDP), and mononeuropathy multiplex.Circulating antibodies to peripheral nerve tissues were found in all patients. In six patients, treatment with plasma exchange was undertaken because of severe, progressive weakness. Four patients with clinical, electoophys‐iologic, and histologic evidence of CIDP improved with plasma exchange, three regaining normal function.These results suggest that the peripheral neuropathy associated with ARC and AIDS is immunotogically mediated and that plasma exchange is an effective treatment in a subgroup of patients with this disorder.
Predictive value of clinical, laboratory, pathologic, and treatment variables in steroid/lmmunosuppressive resistant lupus nephritis
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. , Goldfinger Dennis , Savage Gail , Nichols Sherri , Goodman David , Fichman Marshal , Stewart Morgan , Klinenberg James R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐seven patients with lupus nephritis and nephrotic syndrome had persistent disease activity despite an adequate trial of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs; 30% were Asians, compared with 7% of our overall SLE population. Two years later, seven had a very good outcome and seven a poor outcome. Thirty clinical, pathological, laboratory, and treatment variables were analyzed in a good versus poor responder subset comparison in an effort to determine which factors were associated with favorable outcome. Administration of pulse steroids (P = .069) and a low biopsy chronicity index (P = .048) were associated with the good responder subset. Serum creatinine, biopsy class, blood pressure, complement, and anti‐DNA values at entry as well as the choice of immunosuppressive drug were not helpful in predicting outcome. All seven good responders were plasmapheresed (P = .026). Patients with refractory lupus nephritis who have a low biopsy chronicity index may benefit from the use of pulse steroids or plasmapheresis, and controlled studies are suggested.
Relief of respiratory distress with leukapheresis in a child with chronic myelocytic leukemia
Authors: Moxey‐Mims Marva M. , Luban Naomi L. C. , Bock Glenn H. , Ruley Edward J. , Preston Karen M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTherapeutic leukapheresis of a 10‐year‐old girl with adult‐type chronic myelocytic leukemia is described. The efficiency of WBC removal was noted to improve significantly after addition of hydroxyethyl starch to the anticoagulant infusion. In fact, the percentage of white cells removed more than doubled (39% vs. 16%) when comparing procedures of similar duration, with and without the sedimenting agent. Of particular interest was the relief of the patient's respiratory distress concomitant with the decline in her leukocyte count, a finding that has not previously been documented in pediatric patients. The arterial oxygen pressure remained greater than 95 mmHg after the procedure with hydroxyethyl starch compared with 70 tnmHg after the procedures without it la addition, her respiratory rate decreased from 70 on admission to the low 20s after the final procedure. Leukapheresis with hydroxyethyl starch was shown to be a safe procedure, and the use of hydroxyethyl starch was shown to be of particular benefit for prevention of prolonged aphercsis procedures.
Treatment of hypercholesterolemia by chemical adsorption of lipoproteins
Authors: Yokoyama Shinji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDextran sulfate (Mr 5,000) was covalently linked to porous cellulose beads, and the dissociation constant (Kd) and the maximum binding level (S) of the beads were calculated for the human plasma lipoproteins VLDL, LDL, and HDL. The S values for VLDL and LDL were 2 and 7 g cholesterol/liter of the wet beads and that for HDL was almost negligible, although the apparent Kd were all in the same order. In fact, LDL and VLDL were exclusively adsorbed by the beads from human plasma in vitro. Bound LDL was desorbed with 0.35 M Nacl. The beads were packed in a column (25‐ml) and used with polysulfone hollow fibers in experimental LDL‐apheresis for WHHL rabbits; LDL cholesterol was reduced from 500 to 200 mg/dl, while HDL, total plasma protein, and major blood cell counts did not change.For LDL apheresis of familial hypercholesterolemia, the sorbent column, 400‐ml, was used with the polysulfone hollow fiber filter. The maximum removal of LDL + VLDL cholesterol was 6 to 8 g with a single column resulting in its reduction by 250 to 300 mg/dl after 3.5 liters plasma treatment. Adsorption was negligible with albumin, HDL, IgA, G, M, apoA‐I, A‐II, C‐II, enzymes, and electrolytes. Activated complement fragments, C3a, and Csa, were completely adsorbed. By periodic removal of LDL, an increase of HDL cholesterol was observed in some cases. In order to increase LDL removal in a single treatment and to reduce the extracorporeal circulation volume, two small columns (150 ml each) were used alternatively. The column saturated with LDL was washed with 0.7 M NaCl for regeneration while the other column was used. LDL + VLDL cholesterol decreased linearly to the treated plasma volume in semilogarithmic plot, showing that the LDL removal was optimized in mis system.
Removal of low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and fibrinogen by precipitation with heparin at low pH: Clinical application and experience
Authors: Seidel D. , Armstrong V. W. , Schuff‐Werner P. , Eisenhauer T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical application of a new extracorporeal procedure (HELP) for the selective elimination of low‐density lipoproteins and fibrinogen by heparin precipitation at acid pH is described. Plasma, obtained by filtration of whole blood through a 0.2 μm filter is continuously mixed with an equal volume of an acetate buffer (pH 4.85) containing heparin. After removal of the precipitated heparin complex by filtration, excess heparin is adsorbed to a specially developed filter, and the dear plasma filtrate is subject to bicarbonate dialysis/ultrafiltraiion to restore physiologic pH and remove excess fluid. The calculated efficiency for the elimination of low‐density lipoproteins and fibrinogen from plasma by HELP is 100% and is therefore comparable to conventional plasmapheresis. However, the HELP system shows a high degree of specificity, with over 80% of total protein being returned to the patient. A total of over 350 treatment procedures have now been performed. Patient compliance and acceptance have been excellent, and no major complications have been observed. The system is therefore suitable for the treatment of severe hyper‐β‐lipoproteinemia; its use for the treatment of coronary heart disease is currently under investigation in a prospective multicenter study in which treatment efficiency will be controlled by coronary angiography on 45 patients treated with HELP over a period of 2 years.
Clinical uses of intravenous immune globulin: Immunoglobulin replacement therapy and treatment of autoimmune cytopenias
Authors: Sorensen Ricardo U. , Kallick Melissa O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is indicated for IgG replacement in antibody deficiency syndromes and as immune‐regulatory therapy in some autoimmune diseases. Two case histories, illustrate both aspects of IVIG therapy.1. Patient 1 is a 24‐year‐old male with agammaglobulinemia. He was successively treated with monthly IMIG, paternal plasma, and then over the last 5 years, IVIG. On IgG doses of 250 mg/kg q/4 weeks, IgG trough levels remained below 200 mg IgG/dl. IgG half‐life was reduced. Although asymptomatic for prolonged periods of time, he eventually developed clinically evident inflammatory bowel disease. Optimal IVIG replacement therapy requires normal IgG half‐life and adequate IgG bough levels.2. Patient 2 is a 12‐year‐old girl with autoimmune neutropenia, recurrent skin infections, and items unresponsive to antibiotics and to steroid therapy. IVIG at a dose of 3,000 mg/IgG/kg over 3 days significantly increased her neutrophil count. Subsequently, she has required 1,000 mg/kg of IVIG q/4 weeks for maintenance. Antineutrophil autoantibodies have persisted. There is synergism of IVIG ‐with high doses of corticosteroids. The mechanism of action of IVIG seems to involve a blockage of the RES system.IVIG therapy is safe even at high doses for most patients. However, anaphylactic reactions have been observed in IgA‐deficiem patients with IgE anti‐IgA antibodies. The full spectrum of therapeutic applications of IVIG is still being explored, for some patients self‐infusion of IVIG at home is an appealing treatment alternative.
A new approach to neocyte transfusion: Preliminary report
Authors: Kevy Sherwin V. , Jacobson May S. , Fosburg Martin , Renaud Melanie , Scanlon Anne , Carmen Raleigh , Nelson Edward 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method has been developed using phthalate oils to quality control units of young red cells (neocytes). Neocytes prepared by the NEOCEL system have a mean young red cell enrichment of 90% with only 3.4% less than 80%. Neocytes prepared in a Wood cell processor have an average enrichment of 81 % with 27% less than 75%. Based on a 12 month period, the patients as a group have received an average of 14% fewer transfusions and an 18% decrease in red cells per kg/yr as compared to frozen red cells.
Adoptive immunotherapy: Novel applications of blood cell separators
Authors: Klein Harvey G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnimal models have demonstrated that syngeneic lymphocytes activated ex vivo and infused into animals with experimentally induced tumors can mediate tumor regression. This “adoptive immunotherapy” has been applied to patients with end‐stage malignancy refractory to standard therapy. Lymphocytes are collected with the blood cell separator, expanded in culture under the influence of cytokines such as interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), and reinfused into the patient under conditions similar to those used in the animal models. Studies from several centers using lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells, involving more than 300 patients, have shown an overall response rate of greater than 15% and a complete response rate of approximately 10%. Renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and lymphoma appear to be the cell types ?at respond best to such therapy. Toxicity in these phase 1 studies has been substantial, related primarily to high doses of intravenous IL‐2, and treatment‐related deaths have been reported. Adoptive immunotherapy using lymphocytes derived from surgically excised tumors, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), is in the early stages of clinical trials, but this appears to offer a potentially more potent and specific approach than does LAK cell therapy. TIL have been shown to traffic to tumor sites and mediate tumor regression. The mechanisms of adoptive immunotherapy are poorly understood, but blood cell separators and storage technology are playing a critical role in the collection and processing of cells for these research applications.
Complete remission of paraneoplastic sensorimotor neuropathy: A case associated with small‐cell lung cancer responsive to chemotherapy, plasma exchange, and radiotherapy
Authors: Weissman David E. , Gottschall Jerome L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 61‐year‐old man was found to have small‐cell lung cancer following a 1‐year history of a progressive peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy. The neuropathy initially improved following chemotherapy, but subsequently progressed to the point of respiratory failure. Treatment with plasma exchange, additional chemotherapy, and radiotherapy resulted in a sustained complete tumor remission and neurologic recovery. The role of plasma exchange is unclear, but its use should be considered in cases of severe sensorimotor neuropathy unresponsive to antineoplastic treatment.
Assessment of bilirubin clearance capacity of a newly developed ion‐exchange adsorption column and its possible use as a supportive therapy in hepatorenal syndrome
Authors: Sone Jun , Saibara Toshiji , Himeno Hiromi , Yamasaki Kazuaki , Miyamoto Keiko , Maeda Takashi , Onishi Saburo , Yamamoto Yasutake , Park Keunsik , Okumiya Toshika , Sasaki Masahide 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe assessed the bilirubin reduction capacity of three different types of devices in vitro: a high‐permeable membrane column for double‐filtration plasmapheresis (DFP) (Evaflux 2A, Kuraray, Japan), and non‐coated charcoal column for hemoperfusion (HP) (N‐180, Asahi Medical, Japan), and ion‐exchange columns for plasma adsorption (PA) (BR‐350, Asahi Medical, Japan, and B‐001, Kuraray, Japan). A column for DFP reduced the concentration of lowmolecular proteins effectively such as plasma bilirubin and bile acids in an albumin‐dependent manner. A charcoal column adsorbed low‐molecular substances preferentially. But in these two columns, the loss of fibrinogen is a limiting factor for determining the processing plasma volume. Ion‐exchange columns for PA adsorbed bile acids, disconjugated bilirubin, and monoconjugated bilirubin more efficiently compared with delta‐bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin. Pretreatment of the column with heparin reduced the loss of fibrinogen to less than 10%. We applied the BR‐350 ion‐exchange column in vivo for treatment of three patients with hyperbilirubinemia. After treatment, an alcoholic hepatitis patient with the hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) recovered from acute renal failure. However, in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis and in a patient with fulminant hepatitis, the decrease of serum bilirubin was transient and no obvious beneficial responses were noted. The capacity and ability of the BR‐350 column to adsorb plasma bilirubin was shown sufficient to treat deeply jaundiced patients, because 4 liters of the plasma of a patient with 108 mg/dl of initial total bilirubin concentration was able to be processed continuously without an obvious decrease in bilirubin adsorption capacity. Therefore, this column in combination with dialysis may be most applicable in lowering serum bilirubin concentration in the HRS.
Plateletpheresis with the COBE spectra single needle access option
Authors: McLeod Bruce C. , McKenna Rajalaxmi , Viernes Ann , Reed Susan , Owens E. Anne , Matayoshi Deborah , Moore Robert C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA group of modifications, including a reservoir bag in the return circuit, has been devised to allow single needle plateletpheresis with the COBE Spectra. We compared the number and quality of platelets collected from 10 subjects in paired donations with single and dual needle protocols. There was no evidence of hemolysis with either protocol. Mean (±SD) platelet yields were 3.61 ± 1.47 × 1011 with two needles and 3.31 ± 1.31 × 1011 with the single needle procedure (P = .13). Mean leukocyte levels (standard manual counting chamber) were 1.0 ± 1.7 × 107 and 1.2 ± 1.0 × 107, respectively (p = .78). pH values during storage were acceptable in both groups of concentrates, and there were no significant differences between the single needle and dual needle concentrates in morphology scores or beta‐thromboglobulin levels at 0, 1, 3, or 5 days of storage. Thus the single needle modification produced platelets that were comparable in quantity and quality to those from the standard dual needle plateletpheresis protocol.
In vitro study of immunologic changes in long‐term cytapheresis donors
Authors: Prior Clive R. B. , Coghlan Patrick J. , Hall Jane M. , Jacobs Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral in vitro measurements of immune function were examined retrospectively in a population of active long‐term cytapheresis donors (group I; n = 50) and the results were compared to age‐ and sex‐matched controls (group II; n = 50) who had donated only whole blood. In group I, significantly different mean absolute lymphocyte counts (P = .0025), total T‐cells (P = .0026) and T‐helper cells (P < .0001), and helper‐to‐suppressor ratios (P = .0279) were present. No differences were noted between the two groups for peripheral blood mean B‐cell count, T‐suppressor numbers, lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens or alloantigen, and serum immunoglobulin level. The reduced mean absolute lymphocyte count in group I was due to the reduction in T‐helper cell numbers and accounted for the imbalance in the helper‐to‐suppressor ratio. These disturbances are currently unexplained and, while no clinical consequences have so far become evident, there is a need to continuously monitor the immunologic status of cytapheresis donors. It is also important to determine whether reversal of the defects occurs and, if so, over what time interval.