bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting retinoic acid‐induced biochemical alterations in squamous cell carcinoma using intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopys
Authors: Silberberg Michael B. , Savage Howard E. , Sacks Peter G. , Schantz Stimson P. , Tang G. C. , Alfano Robert R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy offers a new method for diagnosing head and neck cancers. By establishing a unique spectral fingerprint for benign tissue, one can readily identify subtle changes in tissue based on altered spectral patterns. The authors applied this technology to a multicellular tumor spheroid (MTS) model and obtained baseline spectral data. A cohort of MTS was treated with the chemopreventive agent retinoic acid (RA) to determine its effect on tumor cells. Excitation and emission spectroscopy were performed on the samples. Spectroscopic scans demonstrated consistently that RA‐treated MTS exhibit a decrease in the peak associated with reduced nicotinamide‐adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and an increase in the peaks associated with flavins, tryptophan, and cytokeratins when compared to controls. These findings are suggestive of alterations in cellular electron transport, an increase in proteins incorporating tryptophan, and a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the RA‐treated cells. A discussion of the potential clinical applications of intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy is included.
Applications of image‐directed robotics in otolaryngologic surgery
Authors: Kavanagh Kevin T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis report will evaluate the feasibility of applying image‐directed robotic technology to the field of otolaryngologic surgery. Image‐directed robotic surgery uses a three‐dimensional image to guide a robot in the removal of tissue. To demonstrate the future use of image‐directed robotics in otolaryngologic surgery, five antrostomies will be performed on temporal bones. The accuracy of the surgical defect will be measured. It is the goal of this pilot study to achieve an average surgical error of less than 1.0 mm. Future applications of image‐directed robotic surgery will be presented, along with technical modifications, and future areas of research necessary to adapt this technique to otology and rhinosinus surgery.
Oral and laryngeal muscle coordination during swallowing
Authors: Gay Thomas , Rendell Jill K. , Spiro Jeffrey 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe objective of this experiment was to determine the relative contributions and patterns of activity of different muscles involved during the oral phase of swallowing. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the orbicularis oris inferior, masseter, palatal elevator, anterior and posterior genioglossus, mylohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric, and vocalis muscles of 12 normal adult subjects. Each subject swallowed 15 mL of water, under normal and bite block conditions, 15 to 20 times. The integrated EMG signals for each subject's swallows were ensemble averaged. The results of the analyses showed that swallowing function varies from individual to individual in terms of the specific muscles used and how the various muscle activity patterns are coordinated. These results suggest that swallowing is a highly complex adaptive motor activity which probably relies more on higher‐level control mechanisms than previously believed.
Transpetrosal access to meningiomas juxtaposing the temporal bone
Authors: Pensak Myles L. , van Loveren Harry , Tew John M. , Keith Robert W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMeningiomas arising from the petroclival dura have presented a challenge to both otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons. Access by means of subtemporal, suboccipital, translabyrinthine, or transcochlear routes have inherent limitations both surgically as well as from resultant morbidity.Since 1988, the authors have used a transpetrosal transtentorial (combined subtemporal suboccipital presigmoid) approach to these lesions in selected cases. The goals of this technique have been to preserve function of the cranial nerves, to avoid excessive retraction of the temporal lobe and cerebellum, and to eliminate damage to the venous sinus and Labbé's vein. Exposure of the base of the tumor for ablation of the blood supply and access for tumor removal is an important advantage of this approach.
Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha production in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Parks Robert R. , Yan Shi‐Du , Huang Cheng‐Chun 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecent studies suggest that tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), a pleiotropic cytokine, is responsible for some of the systemic and local effects, including tumor‐associated cachexia and neoplastic bone destruction, seen in patients with cancer. This study was undertaken to determine if TNF‐α is produced by human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and, if so, to determine its source and cellular distribution.Tumor specimens from nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region were immunohistochemically examined for the presence of TNF‐α. TNF‐α was localized with antibody to human TNF‐α by the immunoperoxidase method to the tumor and vessel endothelial cells in all nine specimens. By Western blot analysis, two protein bands recognized by anti‐human TNF‐α antibody in the soluble proteins of the tumor specimens were identified. These proteins—25 KD and 17 KD—represent the precursor and mature forms of TNF‐α. To verify squamous cell carcinoma production of TNF‐α, a cell culture of human head and neck squamous carcinoma was examined. The 25 KD immunoreactive protein, the TNF‐α precursor, was found in extracts from this culture by Western blot analysis. These findings suggest that tumor cells are able to produce TNF‐α; this production may explain some of the systemic and local effects seen in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
The innervation of the human posterior cricoarytenoid muscle: Evidence for at least two neuromuscular compartments
Authors: Sanders Ira , Wu Bei‐Lian , Mu Liancai , Biller Hugh P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecent work has demonstrated that the dog posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle is composed of three neuromuscular compartments: a vertical, an oblique, and a horizontal. In this study, the human PCA muscle was examined for evidence of neural compartments. Fifteen human PCA muscles were processed by Sihler's stain, which renders the muscle translucent while counterstaining the nerve supply. The results clearly show that in all specimens the nerve supply of the human PCA muscle is separated into at least two main branches: one supplies the horizontal compartment and a second further subdivides to innervate both the vertical and oblique compartments. In 10 of the specimens, these nerve branches arose as separate branches from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. In all specimens, the nerve branch to the horizontal compartment was either combined or connected with the nerve branch to the interarytenoid muscle. The results suggest that the different compartments of the PCA muscle have distinct functions. In addition, the strong connections with the interarytenoid nerve complicate reinnervation procedures to reanimate a paralyzed or transplanted larynx.
Rapid analysis of mandibular margins
Authors: Arick Forrest L. , Schuller David E. , Sullivan Michael J. , Lucas Joel G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEvaluating surgical margins during composite resection of carcinoma is limited by analysis of the bone margins. The standard pathologic evaluation of bone is by decalcification. A method of analysis was devised based on histologically proven methods of cortical invasion and subsequent spread. Frozen section analysis (FSA) of the cancellous bone was investigated as a rapid method of evaluating adequacy of the mandibular resection. Subjects consisted of 29 patients undergoing full‐thickness mandibular resection, with 16 cases of histologically proven mandibular invasion qualifying for evaluation. Results of FSA were then compared to the permanent section analysis of the cancellous bone and to the decalcified specimen. Complete correlation was found between frozen and permanent section results. Frozen section analysis was able to correctly predict adequacy of resection in 32 (97%) of 33 margins.
The study of vocal fold vibratory patterns in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis before and after type I thyroplasty with or without arytenoid adduction
Authors: Thompson Dana M. , Maragos Nicolas E. , Edwards Brian W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractType I thyroplasty and arytenoid adduction have been used for the treatment of symptomatic unilateral vocal fold paralysis since the mid‐1970s. To this date, the vibratory patterns of the vocal folds in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis undergoing thyroplasty have not been studied in depth. Abnormal vibration of the vocal fold mucosa often contributes to voice problems in persons diagnosed with vocal diseases or disorders. The preoperative and postoperative videostroboscopic vibratory patterns including mucosal wave, amplitude, glottic closure, and symmetry were studied in 12 patients who underwent unilateral type I thyroplasty separately or in combination with an arytenoid adduction. The observed changes and clinical implications are discussed.
Meningoencephalic herniation into the middle ear: A report of 27 cases
Authors: Arìstegui Miguel , Falcioni Maurizio , Taibah Abdelkader , Russo Alessandra , Landolfi Mauro , Sanna Mario , Saleh Essam 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMeningoencephalic herniation into the middle ear is a rare and potentially life‐threatening condition that may require prompt surgical intervention. Preoperative diagnosis is based on a high index of suspicion. Sometimes, however, meningoencephalic herniation is discovered during surgery. High‐resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging should be performed to confirm the diagnosis and to evaluate the extension of the herniated tissue. This article discusses the diagnostic approach, management strategy, and surgical technique used in 27 patients with meningoencephalic herniation. In an attempt to avoid infective complications, the authors used the middle cranial approach in patients with large herniations.
Nonsurgical delay of skin flaps: Effect of a suture delay technique on blood flow and survival
Authors: Odland Rick M. , Kim Pyong , Nadler Dan , Poole David V. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSurgical delay is the only clinical means of improving survival of skin flap tissue, but it has inherent risks and costs of a surgical procedure. This study tested the hypothesis that any method of disrupting the circulation at the distal perimeter of a planned skin flap would induce collateral circulation from the base of the flap and thereby improve flap survival. The suture delay technique was performed on rats, and two outcome measures were used: blood flow patterns and skin flap survival. Blood flow patterns were tested before and after the suture technique by means of the base occlusion test. Flap survival in the suture delay group was compared with survival in acute and surgical delay control groups.Flap survival in the suture delay group (95.6% ± 0.6%, n = 22) was significantly greater than in the acute control group (85.7% ± 1.6%, n = 22) and was not different from that in the surgical delay model (95.2% ± 0.5%, n = 21). Laser Doppler studies demonstrated a change in blood flow patterns. This study supports the theory that the mechanism of the delay phenomenon is the development of collateral blood from the base of the flap and suggests that the benefits of delay can be achieved with minimal surgical trauma.
Local control of oropharyngeal carcinoma by irradiation alone
Authors: Wang C. C. , Montgomery William , Efird Jimmy 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors of this study reviewed the management of 402 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the faucial tonsil and the base of the tongue. These patients received radiation therapy at Massachusetts General Hospital and the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary from 1970 through 1993. Radiation therapy remains the treatment of choice for these lesions. Although the data from this review were not randomized, the accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy twice‐daily program was shown to achieve significantly higher 5‐year local tumor control rates and disease‐specific survival rates than the conventional once‐daily radiation therapy program (historical control).In patients with early tumors of the faucial tonsil (cancer stages T1 and T2), the 5‐year actuarial local tumor control and disease‐specific survival rates following the twice‐daily radiation therapy program were 91% and 77%, respectively. In patients with advanced tumors (T3), the corresponding rates following twice‐daily radiation therapy showed marked improvement and were 80% and 68%.While the treatment results for carcinoma of the base of the tongue generally were inferior to those for carcinoma of the faucial tonsil, they were still much better after the twice‐daily program than after conventional once‐daily irradiation. For patients with carcinoma of the base of the tongue, the local tumor control and disease‐specific survival rates for T1 and T2 lesions were 85% and 76%, respectively. For T3 lesions, the corresponding rates were 54% and 53%.Extensive T4 tumors are better managed by combined surgery and postoperative irradiation. Residual metastatic nodal disease is managed by neck dissection.
Conservative management of patients with small acoustic tumors
Authors: Wiet Richard J. , Zappia John J. , Hecht Craig S. , O'Connor Cathleen A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOf 432 patients referred for treatment of their cerebellopontine angle tumors, 53 with acoustic neuromas were managed initially without intervention but with adequate follow‐up. Mean presenting tumor size in this subgroup of patients was 0.98 cm (range, 0.2 to 3.0 cm), and average growth rate was 0.16 cm per year. Twenty‐one patients demonstrated tumor growth with a mean follow‐up interval of 1.9 years. Of these 21 patients, 14 underwent microsurgical excision, 4 received radiation, 2 continued to be observed and 1 was lost to follow‐up. The remaining 32 (60%) had no demonstrable growth with a mean follow‐up of 2.13 years. Of these patients, 29 continue to be followed and 3 were lost to follow‐up.Of the information evaluated, the only statistically significant relationship is with larger tumor size in elderly patients–most likely reflecting the propensity to opt for conservative treatment in elderly patients. Tumor growth rate was unrelated to presenting tumor size or patient age, which suggests that conservative treatment may be appropriate in selected patients.
Transnasal endoscopic medial maxillectomy in inverted papilloma
Authors: Kamel Reda H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study comprised 17 cases of inverted papilloma, which were divided into two groups. The first group included 8 cases that lacked maxillary sinus involvement. They were subjected to intranasal endoscopic resection with safety margin. The second group included 9 cases involving the maxillary sinus with or without nasal extension. They were subjected to transnasal endoscopic medial maxillectomy. Follow‐up for an average of 43 months in group 1 and 28 months in group 2 (excluding the 5 cases with less than 2 years of follow‐up) showed no recurrence. The author realized that inverted papilloma can be divided into two groups from the anatomic and behavioral points of view and accordingly should be managed differently. For those lesions without involvement of the maxillary sinus, intranasal endoscopic resection is effective; for those lesions with maxillary sinus involvement, transnasal medial maxillectomy, which could be performed safely under endoscopic control, is recommended.
Chemosensory function and diet in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Mattes Richard D. , Wysocki Charles J. , Graziani Amy , Macgregor Rob Roy 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlterations of chemosensory function have been noted in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients, but their frequency, severity, and relationship to diet have not been adequately assessed. Odor and taste identification tests and a taste‐intensity scaling task were administered to 25 men who were HIV‐infected but otherwise healthy. Responses were compared to those of 49 comparably aged male control subjects. Dietary information was obtained by questionnaire. Although 72% of HIV‐infected patients reported some chemosensory alteration, no significant differences in taste identification ability or intensity ratings were observed between patients and controls. Twelve percent of patients had poor odor identification scores, but the group mean was similar to that of controls. Neither measured nor self‐reported sensory indices were significantly related to any variable of health (e.g., HIV helper cell (CD4) count, body weight, or body composition), treatment, or diet.
Growth of the pediatric skull base: Assessment using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Myer Charles M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMinimal information is available concerning the gross anatomic changes that occur with skull base development in children. Because clinical and autopsy material to evaluate skull base growth in this population is rare, the author of this study evaluated normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in 76 children ranging in age from newborn to 18 years. Growth of the basicranium was assessed in three dimensions: anterior‐posterior, medial‐lateral, and superior‐inferior. In each dimension, growth was noted to be rapid until age 6 years, with relatively slower growth thereafter. In the superior‐inferior and anterior‐posterior dimensions, both the amount of growth and the asymptotic value were noted to be greater in males than in females (P<.05).The findings of this study can help surgeons select the appropriate operative approach for skull base masses in children. Certain approaches may involve significant morbidity, including mandibulotomy, loss of teeth, oral contamination, and external auditory canal closure. Representative cases managed through an extrapharyngeal transcervical approach are reviewed.
Advanced techniques in magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the large endolymphatic duct and sac syndrome
Authors: Ric Harnsberger H. , Dahlen Richard T. , Shelton Clough , Gray Steve D. , Parkin James L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this report is to compare temporal bone computed tomography (CT) to high‐resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using a novel thin‐section fast spin echo (FSE) pulse sequence in identifying and characterizing patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. Sixteen patients with sensorineural hearing loss and a CT diagnosis of large vestibular aqueduct(s) underwent high‐resolution fast spin echo magnetic resonance imaging with dual, 3‐in phased array receiver coils centered over the external auditory canals. Magnetic resonance imaging parameters included axial and oblique sagittal fast spin echo with an effective slice thickness of 1 mm contiguous. Thirty‐eight patients with 76 normal inner ears who underwent MR imaging using this technique had their endolymphatic duct measured.MR alone identified the enlarged endolymphatic sac seen along with the large endolymphatic duct in all cases. Three cases (five inner ears) with enlarged bony vestibular aqueducts on CT showed no evidence of endolymphatic duct or sac enlargement on MR. MR alone identified a single case of mild cochlear anomaly in conjunction with an enlarged endolymphatic duct and sac. In the normal population the size of the normal endolymphatic duct at its midpoint measured from 0.1 to 1.4 mm.Thin‐section, high‐resolution fast spin echo MR imaging of the inner ear may be superior to CT in the evaluation of patients with the large vestibular aqueduct syndrome.
Vascularized auricular perichondrium in airway reconstruction: The effects of stenting with and without a mucosal graft
Authors: Clevens Ross A. , Esclamado Ramon , Naficy Saman 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study quantitatively examines the effects of laryngotracheal stenting with and without mucosal grafting on chondrogenesis in a rabbit model. Vascularized auricular perichondrium was transferred to a cricothyroid membrane (CTM) defect in three groups of New Zealand white rabbits: group A, CTM defect alone; group B, CTM defect with endotracheal tube stent; and group C, CTM defect with a buccal mucosa graft (BMG) interposed between the stent and perichondrium.The rabbits were sacrificed at 7 weeks for histologic examination and determination of cartilage thickness by digitometry. Chondrogenesis was not significantly affected by stenting (n = 11; 0.719 mm ± 0.203 mm) or by BMG (n = 12; 0.775 mm ± 0.203 mm) as compared with controls (n = 14; 0.695 mm ± 0.216 mm) (P value = not significant). Laryngotracheal stenting and BMG do not adversely influence chondrogenesis in airway reconstruction with vascularized perichondrium in the rabbit model. The application of these principles in human airway reconstruction is discussed.
Peroneal motor nerve crush injury and hyperbaric oxygen effect
Authors: Santos Perry M. , Williams Sherri L. , Covey James 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe potential therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) after rat peroneal nerve crush was evaluated. Animals were given 100% oxygen at 2.5 atmosphere absolute for 90 minutes twice daily for 1 week and then once daily for 1 week.Edema increased in crushed nerves compared with control nerves, but no effect was associated with the administration of HBO. Gait analysis demonstrated injury at 1, 7, and 14 days after nerve crush, but no difference was found at 22 and 28 days after injury (analysis of variance: P<.001, 10 animals per group). Eight weeks after injury, nerve stimulation and muscle force measurements were 114 g for the injured group and 146 g for the control group (P<.001). There were no HBO‐associated changes in gait parameter or nerve/muscle force measurements.This study demonstrated that rat peroneal nerve crush injury causes acute intraneural edema and temporary decrement of gait parameters. Elicited nerve stimulation demonstrated persistent loss of force 4 weeks after normalization of gait, but no HBO effect.
Reconsidering a Paradigm: The Spread of Supraglottic Carcinoma to the Glottis
Authors: Weinstein Gregory S. , Laccourreye Ollivier , Brasnu Daniel , Tucker John , Montone Kathleen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study was performed to evaluate the spread of supraglottic carcinoma to the glottic level. Whole organ sections of total laryngectomy specimens from 37 patients with previously untreated supraglottic carcinomas were reviewed retrospectively. Of the 37 specimens, 20 (54%) were noted to have extension of cancer to the glottic level.A significant relationship was noted between glottic extension and abnormal cord motion (P= .0002). A statistically significant trend was noted for the relationship between inferior extension along the supraglottic mucosa and glottic level extension (P< .0001). Contrary to the prevailing model of the spread of supraglottic carcinoma, in which there is a distinct barrier to spread at the ventricle, this analysis of selected supraglottic carcinomas revealed a continuum of spread from the supraglottis to the glottis.