bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal changes of brown carbon in an industrial city of central China: Importance of water-insoluble BrC
Authors: Yan Guangxuan , Wang Ziyi , Hou Mingyang , Wang Jieqi , Shang Sai , Shang Ziyang , Li Jiayi , Yu Hao , Cao Zhiguo , Liu Zirui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A total of 125 samples were collected to investigate the light absorption characteristics and formation mechanism of brown carbon (BrC) in Luoyang. The seasonal range of BrC light absorption was from 2.34 Mm-1 to 26.60 Mm-1, with extremely high in autumn and winter specifically. The seasonal water-soluble BrC light absorption (2*babs, WS-BrC, 405 nm/babs, BrC, 405 nm) varied from 13% to 73%. All the seasonal mean values of the Absorption Ångström Exponent (AAEBrC) of brown carbon were greater than 3. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) had significantly positive correlation to babs, BrC, 405 nm when SOC to elemental carbon ratio (SOC/EC) > 1 (R=0.45, p<0.05) and water-soluble organic carbon to organic carbon (WSOC/OC) < 0.45 (R=0.49, p<0.05), indicating that water-insoluble SOC potentially contributed to BrC in autumn and winter. In autumn, secondary transformations are dominant when NO3-/EC>3 (R=0.48, p<0.01), and the secondary organic aerosols formed by the oxidation of organic gases are the main cause of BrC light absorption,therefore the formation of water-insoluble SOC is related to secondary transformations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In winter, the correlation between BrC light absorption and SOC was higher than in autumn, this may be related to the lower winter temperatures, which benefit the condensation/coalescence of semi-volatile organic compounds into organic particulate matter, therefore more water-insoluble SOC is formed in winter. Overall, the results highlighted that it is crucial to alleviate BrC light absorption to keep eyes on water-insoluble SOC.
Assing the role of combined ultrafast breast MRI and diffusion-weighted image in predicting breast cancer prognosis: A prospective comparative study.
Authors: Bayoumi Dalia , Karam Rasha , Abdallah Ahmed , Hamdy Omar , A.Shokeir Farah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Ultrafast breast MRI derived kinetic parameters demonstrated almost equivalent efficacy to conventional DCE-MRI as a screening tool in detecting breast cancer. However, its role as prognostic imaging markers is still questionable. The aim of this study is to use ultrafast MRI-derived kinetic parameters in combination with ADC (Apparent Diffusion Coefficient) as a prognostic imaging predictor.
Methods
This prospective study was conducted on 82 female patients with 94 pathologically proven breast cancers. Ultrafast breast MRI was obtained using the TWIST (time-resolved angiography with stochastic trajectories) sequence. From the ultrafast sequence, MS (Maximum slope) and TTE (Time to enhancement) parameters were obtained. ADC values were derived from the DWI (diffusion-weighted image) sequence (b value = 0/ 500/1000 s/mm2).
Results
MS was significantly higher in grade 3 breast cancers compared to grades 1 and 2 (p-value = 0.016). On ROC curve analysis, an MS cut-off value of > 22.75%/s showed the best accuracy among the three parameters (66.3%) in predicting Ki positivity. However, ADC cut-off value < 0.84 x10-3mm2/s was the only significant predictor of HER 2 positivity among the three parameters (sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 66.7% and AUC = 0.817). On adding the two ultrafast parameters (MS and TTE) to the ADC the specificity raised to 82.2% and AUC raised to 0.850 in predicting Her2 positivity.
Conclusions
Adding ADC derived from DWI to the ultrafast-derived parameters can improve the overall performance of breast MRI in predicting aggressive types of breast cancers, hence predicting the patient prognosis.
SARS-COV-2 RNA removal rates from fresh cabbage during fridge storage, disinfection with neutral electrolyzed water and calcium hypochlorite
Authors: Aliakbar Abdolahimahvar , Farid Azizi Jalilian , Nastaran Ansari , Aliasghar Vahidinia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has raised concerns over viral transmission via contaminated fresh produce. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Neutral Electrolyzed Water (NEW) in comparison to calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) for the removal of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA from vegetables stored at refrigeration temperature over a one-week period. Vegetables were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 viral particles and subsequently treated by immersion in NEW, Ca(ClO)2, or sterile water (control) solutions. Viral RNA was extracted from the produce on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 post-immersion and quantified using RT-qPCR. We demonstrate that NEW solutions reduced over 99% of detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA on vegetables within the first 24 hours. Comparatively, Ca(ClO)2 treatment resulted in less pronounced viral RNA reduction over the 7-day experiment. At identical concentrations, NEW led to significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 RNA removal from contaminated vegetables versus Ca(ClO)2. Given the on-site production feasibility, lower environmental impacts, and reduced costs associated with NEW solutions, our findings position NEW as a promising alternative to conventional chlorine-based sanitizers for mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 presence on fresh produce.
Confronting intrinsic variability: How farmers understand, manage, and cope with synchronous alternate bearing in a perennial crop system
Authors: Garcia Gabriela M. , Kuhl Laura , Orians Colin M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Global efforts aim to support the socio-ecological resilience of farms and farmers to environmental disturbance. Farmers of many perennial crops also contend with intrinsic yield fluctuations, or alternate bearing (AB), which can synchronize across regional and national scales. Synchronous AB across a farm has direct implications for farmer livelihoods but is absent from discussions of resilience. We conducted a socio-ecological study on farm-scale AB in Coffea arabica to assess (a) how farmers understand, manage, and cope with AB, and (b) opportunities for, and constraints upon, their capacity to limit it. We integrate semi-structured interviews (n=29) with quantitative analyses of AB across participant farms. Farmers identify AB as an inherent challenge with differential impacts on management based on whether they perceive AB as extrinsically- or intrinsically driven. The former employ strategies to ameliorate the effects of weather and pests, while the latter prioritize fertilization and plant renovation strategies. Quantitative analyses found that pruning and fertilizer management are unrelated to signals of AB, but AB decreases significantly with farm elevation, perhaps due to lower pest pressure which can exacerbate AB. Synchrony within and across farms increased after a regional pest outbreak, supporting the synchronizing potential of environmental disturbances. These findings indicate that AB persists despite management efforts and may be outside farmer influence, raising questions about coping strategies. Farmer-reported coping strategies for low years include loans, external income, and limits on household spending, with implications for broader resilience capacity. Intrinsic AB merits greater attention as a determinant of resilience in perennial crops.
Study on the Microstructure and Properties based on Composition Regulation of Cu-Fe-Mg-Ti Alloy
Authors: Ding Yu , Xiao Xiangpeng , Yuan Dawei , Chen Jinshui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The effects of different Fe-Ti ratios on the microstructure, mechanical properties and softening resistance of Cu-Fe-Mg-Ti alloy were studied in detail by controlling the atomic ratios of Fe and Ti elements (1:1, 1:2, 2:1) at a certain content of Fe and Ti elements, using hardness and electrical conductivity tests and OM, SEM, TEM and XRD observations. The results showed that after 70% cold rolling and aging at 550 ℃, the FT12 alloy had a peak aging hardness of 189.5 HV and an electrical conductivity of 44.2% IACS, the FT11 alloy had a peak aging hardness of 173.9 HV and an electrical conductivity of 51.3% IACS, and the FT21 alloy had a peak aging hardness of 166.5 HV and an electrical conductivity of 64.1% IACS. TEM analysis showed that all three groups of alloys formed the precipitation phase Fe2Ti phase, which improved the strength of the alloys.
The use of Aprokam® (cefuroxime sodium) in the management of post-operative infectious risk in pediatric cataract surgery
Authors: Nucci Paolo , Lembo Andrea , Schiavetti Irene , Rissotto Federico , Pichi Francesco 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose: to describe the safety and efficacy of the intracameral use of cefuroxime sodium (Aprokam®) during congenital cataract surgery to prevent endophthalmitis.
Design: monocentric, prospective, observational pilot study.
Methods:
Setting: San Giuseppe Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Study population: pediatric patients with a mean age of 21.4 ± 40.52 weeks with congenital cataracts. 65 eyes from 65 patients, i.e. only one eye for each patient was included in the study. At the end of the surgery, patients received the administration of intracameral Aprokam. The efficacy endpoint was assessed by excluding postoperative intra-ocular infections, while the safety endpoint was assessed by recording vital signs (body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate) and local effects (corneal edema, toxic anterior segment syndrome, presence of cells or fibrin formation in anterior chamber, intraocular pressure, conjunctival hyperemia) after the administration of the substance.
Results: Aprokam intracameral administration at the end of the cataract surgery prevented the occurrence of intraocular infection in all of our patients. Among the analyzed systemic parameters, breath frequency was the only one showing a statistically significant increase after the drug delivery (∆(post-pre) 0.4 breaths/minute ± 1.74; p = 0.022). Regarding the local adverse effects, a statistically significant increase of intraocular pressure has been detected from the first week (∆7days-1day: 0.9 mmHg ± 2.28, p = 0.042), and remained constantly elevated in the first month. The presence of conjunctival hyperemia noticed in the first week after surgery showed a significant decrease over time, with a statistically significant reduction after one month (8 cases vs 0, p = 0.009).
Conclusions: intracameral administration of Aprokam in pediatric cataract surgery, for the prevention of post-operative endophthalmitis, has been demonstrated to be safe and effective. It may be considered suitable for an optimal post-operative management of intra-ocular post-operative infections in congenital cataract surgery.
Morph-physiological and biochemical properties effects of exogenous nitric oxide applications on spinach under flooding stress conditions
Authors: Kıymacı Gülbanu , Arı Banu Çiçek , Türkmen Önder , Paksoy Mustafa , Kal Ünal , Metin Deniz , Özen Rufeyde Nur 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Flooding stress with the impact of global climate change has recently become a major stress factor that limits the productivity and quality of many agricultural areas. Recently, researchers have been working to abate the negative impacts of flooding stress. Studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) applications abate the negative impacts of different types of flooding stress. For this purpose, the current study tried to determine the effects of different NO doses on spinach under flooding stress situations. In te present study, there were six application subjects: full irrigation - control (FI), flooding stress (FS), FS + application of 50, 100, 150 and 200 µM NO. NO was applied to spinach as a foliar spray twice, one week apart, under flooding stress situations, which was applied for ten days close to the harvest period. Flood stress agronomic parameters, leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW) caused decrease of 40, 24, 57, 46, 49 and 20%, respectively. In addition, actual photosynthetic efficiency (QPSII) caused significant decrease. On the contrary, flooding stress revealed significant increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (PRO) contents. It has been observed that applied NO doses not only promote plant growth but also support photosynthesis by increasing pigment content. In addition, it promoted antioxidant enzyme activity by reducing H2O2 and MDA content. As a result, it was revealed that 50 µM NO application increased tolerance to spinach under flooding stress situations.
Gravity and Human Respiration: Biophysical Limitations in Mass Transport and Exchange in Space
Authors: Porterfield David , Dutta Som , Tulodziecki Dana , Schwertz Hansjorg , Kadomtsev Anton , Parik Aditya , Chen Yi-Cheng , D’Agostino Dominick , Tabetah Marshall 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A major requirement for humans is a breathable atmosphere. In microgravity, despite environmental life support systems regulating air exchange, astronauts complain about air quality, with elevated CO2-levels resulting in detrimental health and performance effects. We extend extant accounts of human respiration to include the role of gravity and buoyancy. Using computational fluid dynamics, we demonstrate that the absence of biothermal convection in microgravity reduces airflow around the human body. This impairs gas exchange by creating an environmental breathing deadspace in front of the face, leading to significant CO2-rebreathing, with implications for astronaut health and countermeasures. In 1g, increasing ambient air temperature can also reduce efficient respiratory exchange, resulting in breathing conditions equivalent to those in microgravity, with implications for treating respiratory disease on Earth.
Application of Three-dimensional Reconstruction in Anatomical Right Lateral Basal (RS9) Segmentectomy
Authors: Zhu Jiafu , Yang Litao , Lin Yukang , Huang Jiangshan , Lin Wenwei , Zheng Zihao , Shi Jinyang , Zhang Zhenyang , Lin Jiangbo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study analyzed the application of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction in the vascular and bronchial branching patterns of right anterior, lateral, and posterior basal segments (RS8, RS9, and RS10) and anatomical RS9 segmentectomy.
Methods
From May 2020 to May 2022, 354 patients were selected for 3D reconstruction of vascular and bronchial branching patterns using Mimics 21.0. Based on the preoperative and intraoperative 3D reconstruction data, anatomical RS9 segmentectomy was conducted among 27 patients, and the surgical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
The branching patterns of the right basal bronchi (B8, B9, and B10) were divided into the B8 and B9 + 10 type (74.6%), the B8 + 9 and B10 type (15.3%) and the B8 and B9 and B10 type (10.2%). The branching patterns of the right basal arteries (A8, A9 and A10) were classified into simple bifurcated type (the A8 and A9 + 10 type (62.4%) and the A8 + 9 and A10 type (13.0%)), split bifurcated type (the A8 and A8 + 9 + 10 type (18.4%) and the A8 + 9 and A9 + 10 type (3.7%)) and trifurcated type (the A8, A9 and A10 type (2.5%)). The branching patterns of the right basal veins (V8, V9, and V10) were complex and were classified into simple bifurcated, split bifurcated, and trifurcated types and further divided into ten subtypes. Of these types, the V8 + 9 and V10 type, the V8 + 9 + 10 and V10 type, and the V8 + 9 and V9 + 10 type were most common, accounting for 29.4%, 25.4% and 21.5% of cases, respectively. Anatomical RS9 segmentectomy was successfully completed without conversion to thoracotomy in all 27 patients.
Conclusions
3D reconstruction is a practical tool for analyzing the bronchovascular branching patterns of RS8, RS9, and RS10. The application of 3D reconstruction is safe and feasible in anatomical RS9 segmentectomy.
Identification of MYC genes in four Cucurbitaceae species and the response to temperature stress
Authors: Liu Tao , Zheng Yani , Yang Jingyu , Li Rourou , Chang Huan , Li Nanyang , Wang Suna , Wang Liping , Wang Xing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Myelocytomatosis (MYC) transcription factors are crucial mediators of plants responding to environmental stresses through binding DNA regulatory regions. However, little systematic characterization of MYC genes is available in Cucurbitaceae species.
Results
In this study, we identified 10, 8, 12, and 10 MYC genes separately in Cucumis sativus, Cucumis melo, Citrullus lanatus, and Benincasa hispida. Characterization analysis revealed that all of the MYC proteins contain a highly conserved H4-V5-E6-E8-R9-R11-R12 sequence, which is essential for the binding DNA regulatory regions. The evolutionary analysis enabled us to categorize the predicted 40 MYC proteins from seven species into five distinct groups, which was also discovered that the expansion of the MYC genes occurred before the divergence of monocots and dicots. The upstream promoter region of the MYC genes contain a variety of developmental, stress, and hormone-responsive regulatory elements. The expression of cucumber MYC genes varies significantly across organs, with particularly high expression of CsaV3_3G001710 observed across all organs. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that certain cucumber MYC genes undergo specific upregulation or downregulation in response to both biotic and abiotic stressors. Particularly under temperature stress, cucumber genes CsaV3_3G007980 and CsaV3_3G001710 showed significant upregulation. Interestingly, the homologous genes of these two in C. lanatus exhibited a similar expression pattern to C. sativus, while in B. hispida, they displayed a significant downregulation, which is quite the opposite. These findings indicated that these two genes indeed responded to temperature stress with different expression patterns, highlighting the divergent functions of homologous genes across different species.
Conclusions
This study analyzed the size and composition of the MYC gene family in four Cucurbitaceae species, and investigated stress-responsive expression profiles, especially under temperature stress. All the results showed that MYC play important roles in development and stress-responsive, laying a theoretical foundation for further investigating its response mechanisms.
Predictive Significance of Laboratory Parameters of Acute Kidney Injury in Children Undergoing Transposition of Great Arteries Surgery
Authors: Amanzholova Ainamkoz , Morenko Marina , Bekishev Bolat , Ivanova-Razumova Tatyana , Baiko Sergey , Koichubayeva Dariga , Zhailauova Azhar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this retrospective observational study was to determine the potential risk factors, characteristics, and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in neonates who had a verified malformation and underwent transposition surgery.
Material and Methods
'A total of 37 individuals were grouped as follows: the first group (n=18) representing patients undergoing transposition of great arteries (TGA) surgery that developed AKI postoperatively, and the second group comprising patients undergoing arterial switch surgery as well but without developing postoperative AKI (n=19). Biochemical data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively: serum creatinine, urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), total protein, albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), CRP (C-reactive protein). Dynamic measurements were also taken after 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours of creatinine, urea, GFR, K+, Na+, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Results
In the research involved pediatric patients undergoing arterial switch surgery, those who developed AKI as a postoperative complication had the following sensitive parameters including birth weight, length of stay (LOS) in the hospital, NT-proBNP and procalcitonin levels, amount of blood loss and development of liver failure which may represent prognostic factors for AKI development in postoperative period.
Conclusions
Newborns with confirmed malformation post-arterial switch surgery for TGA may experience acute kidney injury, influenced by factors such as birth weight, LOS, NT-proBNP and procalcitonin levels, blood loss, liver failure, and the requirement for peritoneal dialysis. Recognizing these elements enables closer monitoring and the implementation of measures to prevent AKI and its repercussions.
Pharmacokinetic analysis and simplified uptake measures for tumour lesion [18F]F-AraG PET imaging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wijngaarden Jessica E. , Slebe Maarten , Pouw Johanna E. E. , Oprea-Lager Daniela E. , Schuit Robert C. , Dickhoff Chris , Levi Jelena , Windhorst Albert D. , Oordt C. Willemien Menke-van der Houven van , Thiele Andrea , Bahce Idris , Boellaard Ronald , Yaqub Maqsood 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The novel positron emission tomography (PET) imaging tracer, [18F]F-AraG, targets activated T-cells, offering a potential means to improve our understanding of immune-oncological processes. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal pharmacokinetic model to quantify tumour lesion [18F]F-AraG uptake in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to validate simplified measures at different time intervals against the pharmacokinetic uptake parameter.
Methods
Ten patients with early-stage NSCLC and three patients with advanced NSCLC underwent a dynamic PET scan of minimal 60 minutes. Venous and/or arterial blood sampling was obtained at maximum seven time points. Tumour lesion time activity curves and metabolite-corrected input functions were analysed using single-tissue reversible (1T2k), two-tissue reversible (2T4k) and two-tissue irreversible (2T3k) plasma input models. Simplified uptake measures, such as standardised uptake value (SUV) and tumour-to-blood (TBR) or tumour-to-plasma ratio (TPR), were evaluated for different time intervals.
Results
Whole-blood and plasma radioactivity concentrations showed rapid clearance of [18F]F-AraG. Metabolite analysis revealed a low rate of metabolism, at 70 min p.i., on average, 79% (SD = 9.8%) of the total radioactivity found in blood corresponded to intact [18F]F-AraG. The time activity curves were best fitted by the 2T3k model. Strong positive correlations were found for SUV (body weight (BW), lean body mass (LBM) or body surface area (BSA) corrected), TBR and TPR for any time interval between 20 to 70 min p.i. against the 2T3k-derived Ki. The correlation of TBR at 60–70 min p.i. with 2T3K-derived Ki (r(20) = 0.87, p < 0.01), was stronger than for SUVBW (r(20) = 0.78, p < 0.01).
Conclusion
Tumour lesion [18F]F-AraG uptake in patients with NSCLC is characterised by a 2T3k model. TBR and TPR show most potential for simplified quantification of tumour lesion [18F]F-AraG uptake in patients with NSCLC.
Magnetic performance enhancement of Sn substitution MnBi rare-earth-free melt-spun ribbons
Authors: Nguyen Truong Xuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The effects of Sn dopant on microstructure and magnetic properties of MnBi1 − xSnx (x = 0; 0.05; 0.10; 0.15; 0.20; 0.25) melt-spun ribbons were systematically investigated. With increasing Sn content, the MnBi LTP fraction within the prepared ribbons exhibited a decreasing trend, associated with the formation of the Mn3Sn phase. The doped Sn atoms also affected the quenching process, altering the ribbons’ microstructures from the grain-like to rod-shaped. The optimized composition was found to be MnBi0.95Sn0.05, which was used to fabricate MnBi-based magnets. Maximum energy products of 12.9 MGOe, 8.1 MGOe, and coercivities of 14.8 kOe, 6.7 kOe were obtained in MnBi0.95Sn0.05 melt-spun annealed ribbons and the magnets prepared from them, respectively.