bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Movements of Chinook Salmon in Lake Michigan Based on Tag Recoveries from Recreational Fisheries and Catch Rates in Gill‐Net Assessments
Authors: Adlerstein Sara A. , Rutherford Edward S. , Claramunt Randall M. , Clapp David F. , Clevenger John A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThere are no specific studies of the movements of introduced Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Lake Michigan, despite the need for such information for population assessments and stocking allocations. We investigated the seasonal distribution of hatchery‐reared Chinook salmon between May and September based on fishery‐dependent (recoveries from recreational fisheries of fish marked with coded wire tags [CWTs]) and fishery‐independent sources (catches in assessment gill‐net surveys). We modeled recoveries by fishing trips in Michigan waters of Lake Michigan to estimate spatially and temporally explicit abundance indices using generalized linear models (GLMs) and accounted for the efficiency among recovery sources (charter boat captain reports, creel clerk interviews, and headhunter collections of CWT samples from charter boat and non‐charter boat catches). Recovery levels varied among areas, months, years, and recovery sources, and distribution among areas also varied by month. We used CWT data with lakewide geographical coverage and evaluated the distributions of the absolute numbers of coded‐wire‐tagged fish recovered in Michigan and Wisconsin waters of Lake Michigan from all possible recovery sources. From both analyses we found that the distribution of Chinook salmon varied seasonally, with displacements from southern areas toward the north from May through summer, from inshore to offshore areas toward the west during summer, and movement back east in the fall. For the analysis of Chinook salmon catch rates in gill‐net assessments, we used GLMs to compare levels among months, statistical districts, years, nearshore and offshore areas, and different depths. The temporal and spatial trends were similar to those from the CWT analyses, and the distribution shifted toward deeper waters in July and August. Movement patterns coincided with favorable temperature and prey distribution and were consistent with those exhibited by the Pacific Ocean Chinook salmon population from which the Lake Michigan population originated. Seasonal changes in Chinook salmon distribution influence recreational fisheries, and stocking strategies should consider the influences of movement patterns on fishing opportunities in Lake Michigan.
Weight‐Length Relationships in Fisheries Studies: The Standard Allometric Model Should Be Applied with Caution
Authors: De Robertis Alex , Williams Kresimir 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe standard allometric weight‐length relationship W = aLb is widely used in fisheries science to estimate the weight of fish of known length and to compute body condition indices. This relationship is used in abundance surveys such as acoustic surveys to convert abundance at length into estimates of population biomass. Although fitting this relationship to weight‐length data over a broad range of body sizes is common practice, the fit of this relationship often does not receive careful scrutiny. We explored the fit of the allometric model as well as alternative weight‐length relationships to data from acoustic surveys of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma from the North Pacific and found a subtle but persistent lack of fit for the allometric relationship, particularly for the largest and smallest fish in the population. This lack of fit results in biased estimates of population biomass. Analysis of weight‐length measurements of 10 additional species indicates that these biases are not restricted to walleye pollock; indeed, the lack of fit of the allometric weight‐length relationship is likely to be a general concern. Our results suggest that the allometric relationship should not be applied to generate weight‐length relations over a broad range of body sizes without careful examination of the potential consequences. In some applications, such as the walleye pollock surveys examined here, use of alternative, less biased, methods to estimate mean weight at length will be beneficial. Such methods include fitting the allometric relationship in a piecewise fashion over restricted size or age intervals and simply computing the mean weight at length. In applications with spawning fish, incorporating the maturity state in weight‐length prediction methods is likely to further improve predictions of weight at length.
Stress response of mammalian cells incubated with landfill leachate
Authors: Talorete Terence , Limam Atef , Kawano Mitsuko , Jenhani Amel Ben Rejeb , Ghrabi Ahmed , Isoda Hiroko 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Environmental contamination from landfill leachate has been linked to disturbances in human health. Often, however, only global parameters, such as dissolved organic content, chemical oxygen demand, and 5-d biological oxygen demand, are used to evaluate wastewater quality. In the present study, we determined leachate cytotoxicity and stress response of leachate-treated mammalian cells using in vitro bioassays and other molecular techniques. The modified E-screen assay using human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was used to determine the estrogenic potential and/or cytotoxicity of water samples from two solid-waste landfills in Tunisia. The cytotoxicity mechanism of the leachate was determined by DNA fragmentation and lactate dehydrogenase assays. The stress response of heat shock protein (HSP) 47–positive Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with leachate also was determined. Proteomics analyses and real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction were used to determine and confirm the enhanced expressions of certain stress-related proteins. Results showed that the leachate samples generally did not have estrogenic activity. Instead, they were cytotoxic toward MCF-7 cells, and the cytotoxicity was by necrosis during the early stages of incubation. Leachate also enhanced the expression of HSP and various stress-related proteins, such as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1, phosphoglycerate mutase, and nuclear matrix protein 200, in MCF-7 cells. These can be considered as survival mechanisms against leachate-induced cytotoxicity.
Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea)
Authors: Wang Ning , Erickson Russell J , Ingersoll Christopher G , Ivey Christopher D , Brunson Eric L , Augspurger Tom , Barnhart M. Christopher 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of pH on the toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels. Acute 96-h ammonia toxicity tests were conducted with 10-d-old juvenile mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) at five pH levels ranging from 6.5 to 9.0 in flow-through diluter systems at 20°C. Acute 48-h tests with amphipods (Hyalella azteca) and 96-h tests with oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) were conducted concurrently under the same test conditions to determine the sensitivity of mussels relative to these two commonly tested benthic invertebrate species. During the exposure, pH levels were maintained within 0.1 of a pH unit and ammonia concentrations were relatively constant through time (coefficient of variation for ammonia concentrations ranged from 2 to 30% with a median value of 7.9%). The median effective concentrations (EC50s) of total ammonia nitrogen (N) for mussels were at least two to six times lower than the EC50s for amphipods and oligochaetes, and the EC50s for mussels decreased with increasing pH and ranged from 88 mg N/L at pH 6.6 to 0.96 mg N/L at pH 9.0. The EC50s for mussels were at or below the final acute values used to derive the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's acute water quality criterion (WQC). However, the quantitative relationship between pH and ammonia toxicity to juvenile mussels was similar to the average relationship for other taxa reported in the WQC. These results indicate that including mussel toxicity data in a revision to the WQC would lower the acute criterion but not change the WQC mathematical representation of the relative effect of pH on ammonia toxicity.
Development of a biomarker for metal bioavailability: The lettuce fatty acid composition
Authors: Guedard Marina Le , Schraauwers Blandine , Larrieu Isabelle , Bessoule Jean-Jacques 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBecause Lactuca sativa L. is a plant widely used in ecotoxicological analyses, a study was developed to determine whether the fatty acid composition of lettuce leaves could be used as an additional biomarker of soil contamination by metals such as Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd. Unlike seed germination or seedling growth, the fatty acid composition of lettuce leaves differed significantly between uncontaminated and field metal-contaminated soils. Hence, this lipid biomarker might provide an early indication of a plant's exposure to metals and the potential bioavailability of metals, and could facilitate or strengthen the diagnosis of soil contamination. Not only is the experimental protocol cheap, rapid, and easy, but the values of the lipid biomarker are highly reproducible when seedlings are grown at the same light intensity. In addition, the values of the biomarker did not vary greatly when 14- to 18-day-old plants were analyzed and when slight differences were introduced in the experimental conditions used to determine the leaf fatty acid composition.
Ozone exposure affects feeding and locomotor behavior of adult Bufo marinus
Authors: Dohm Michael R , Mautz William J , Doratt Rogelio E , Stevens Julien R 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Ozone (O3), a reactive component of air pollution, depresses feeding and voluntary locomotor behavior in laboratory rodents, but the effects of O3 on amphibian behavior are not known. We evaluated the effects of 4 h of exposure to air or ozone (0.6 μl/L), on two ecologically relevant behaviors of the toad Bufo marinus. Toads were offered five mealworms at 1, 24, and 48 h after exposure. One hour after exposure, O3-exposed toads ate fewer mealworms than did air-exposed toads (Fisher exact test, p = 0.005). Within 24 h after exposure, all toads ate four or five mealworms. Because movement is a key component of toad feeding behavior, we tested additional toads (n = 25) for voluntary locomotor behavior during three 1-h trials in a 2.9-m2 open-field arena. Mean (± standard deviation) total distance moved was: pre-exposure, 29 ± 19.5 m; 1-h postexposure, 13 ± 15.6 m; and 24-h postexposure, 17 ± 17.4 m. The means were not statistically different by repeated measures analysis of covariance. Therefore, our results suggest that a single 4-h exposure to O3 depresses toad feeding behavior after exposure but had little effect on voluntary locomotor behavior.
High molecular weight petroleum hydrocarbons differentially affect freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages
Authors: Anson Jennifer R , Pettigrove Vincent , Carew Melissa E , Hoffmann Ary A 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
High–molecular weight petroleum hydrocarbons (HMWPHs) are a common pollutant in urban freshwater sediments. A previous study found that HMWPHs derived from synthetic oils are detrimental to aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates at concentrations greater than 840 mg/kg, but it is unclear what effect hydrocarbons derived from other sources have on these organisms. A field-based microcosm experiment was conducted to determine whether natural and other types of HMWPHs produce similar effects on indigenous benthic macroinvertebrates as was induced by synthetic motor oils. Ordinations and comparisons of sensitive species indicated that HMWPHs from different anthropogenic sources negatively affected macroinvertebrates, whereas naturally occurring hydrocarbons above the threshold of 840 mg/kg had no detrimental effect. This result suggests that total petroleum hydrocarbon content, which is often used to identify hydrocarbon pollutants, is a good conservative indicator of HMWPH concentrations affecting the biota.
Distribution of toxins in various tissues of crucian carp intraperitoneally injected with hepatotoxic microcystins
Authors: Lei Hehua , Xie Ping , Chen Jun , Liang Gaodao , Dai Ming , Zhang Xuezhen 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
An acute toxicity experiment was conducted to examine the distribution and depuration of microcystins (MCs) in crucian carp (Carassius aurutus) tissues. Fish were injected intraperitoneally with extracted MCs at a dose of 200 μg MC-LR (where L = leucine and R = arginine) equivalent/kg body weight. Microcystin concentrations in various tissues and aquaria water were analyzed at 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48 h postinjection using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Microcystins were detected mainly in blood (3.99% of injected dose at 1 h), liver (1.60% at 1 h), gonad (1.49% at 3 h), and kidney (0.14% at 48 h). Other tissues, such as the heart, gill, gallbladder, intestine, spleen, brain, and muscle, contained less than 0.1% of the injected MCs. The highest concentration of MCs was found in blood (526-3,753 ng/g dry wt), followed by liver (103-1,656 ng/g dry wt) and kidney (279-1,592 ng/g dry wt). No MC-LR was detectable in intestine, spleen, kidney, brain, and muscle, whereas MC-RR was found in all examined fish tissues, which might result from organ specificity of different MCs. Clearance of MC-RR in brain tissue was slow. In kidney, the MC-RR content was negatively correlated with that in blood, suggesting that blood was important in the transportation of MC-RR to kidney for excretion.
Concentrations and patterns of perfluoroalkyl acids in Georgia, USA surface waters near and distant to a major use source
Authors: Konwick Brad J , Tomy Gregg T , Ismail Nargis , Peterson James T , Fauver Rebecca J , Higginbotham David , Fisk Aaron T 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widespread contaminants emanating from, among other sources, the production/degradation of fluorinated chemicals used in surface repellant applications, such as carpet manufacturing. The goal of the present study was to assess the concentrations of PFAAs, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA), and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), in surface waters both near a wastewater land application system (LAS) in Dalton (GA, USA), home to North America's largest carpet manufacturing site, and distant to this location (Altamaha River, GA, USA) to understand the fate of PFAAs in freshwater. Levels of PFAAs were high in the Conasauga River (GA, USA) downstream of the LAS (PFOA, 253–1,150 ng/L; PFOS, 192–318 ng/L; PFNA, 202–369 ng/L; PFDA, 30.1–113 ng/L; PFUA, 58.0–99.2 ng/L; PFOSA, 162–283 ng/L) and in streams and ponds in Dalton (PFOA, 49.9–299 ng/L; PFOS, 15.8–120 ng/L), and were among the highest measured at a nonspill or direct-release location. Perfluoroalkyl acids in the Altamaha River were much lower (PFOA, 3.0–3.1 ng/L; PFOS, 2.6–2.7 ng/L), but were a source of PFAAs to Georgia's estuaries. A preliminary hazard assessment indicated that concentrations of PFOS at two sites in the Conasauga River exceeded the threshold effect predicted for birds consuming aquatic organisms that are exposed continuously to the PFOS levels at these sites. Assuming that toxicity for all PFAAs quantified is equal to that of PFOS, the sum total PFAAs at two sites within the Conasauga River exceeded PFOS thresholds for aquatic and avian species, warranting additional research.
Use of district metered areas coupled with pressure optimisation to reduce leakage
Authors: Charalambous Bambos 
Published: April 2008

Water shortage and the future threat posed by changing climatic conditions has intensified the need for the development of appropriate water management approaches, which aim at keeping a balance between water supply and demand.
Losses from water distribution systems must be of concern to every water utility, especially in areas of our planet where water is found in very limited quantities. It is therefore imperative that water utilities apply simple and effective methodologies in accounting for water losses from their transmission and distribution systems. The Water Loss Task Force (WLTF) of the International Water Association (IWA) has established a water audit method, which traces water from its source right through the system and derives at the end the revenue and non-revenue component, in other words is a methodology for water accountability and an integrated approach to water loss control.
The Water Board of Lemesos, Cyprus recognised at a very early stage the importance and significance of establishing a proper water audit system and has over the years developed its infrastructure in such a way in order to be able to account efficiently and accurately for all water produced. Reduction and control of water loss was achieved through the application of a holistic strategy based on the approach developed by the WLTF of the IWA. Integral part of this approach is the establishment and operation of DMAs.
Automata Presenting Structures: A Survey of the Finite String Case
Authors: Rubin Sasha 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA structure has a (finite-string)automatic presentationif the elements of its domain can be named by finite strings in such a way that the coded domain and the coded atomic operations are recognised by synchronous multitape automata. Consequently, every structure with an automatic presentation has a decidable first-order theory. The problems surveyed here include the classification of classes of structures with automatic presentations, the complexity of the isomorphism problem, and the relationship between definability and recognisability.
RAGE and Modulation of Ischemic Injury in the Diabetic Myocardium
Authors: Bucciarelli Loredana G. , Ananthakrishnan Radha , Hwang Yuying C. , Kaneko Michiyo , Song Fei , Sell David R. , Strauch Christopher , Monnier Vincent M. , Yan Shi Fang , Schmidt Ann Marie , Ramasamy Ravichandran 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE—Subjects with diabetes experience an increased risk of myocardial infarction and cardiac failure compared with nondiabetic age-matched individuals. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is upregulated in diabetic tissues. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that RAGE affected ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the diabetic myocardium. In diabetic rat hearts, expression of RAGE and its ligands was enhanced and localized particularly to both endothelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—To specifically dissect the impact of RAGE, homozygous RAGE-null mice and transgenic (Tg) mice expressing cytoplasmic domain-deleted RAGE (DN RAGE), in which RAGE-dependent signal transduction was deficient in endothelial cells or mononuclear phagocytes, were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin. Isolated perfused hearts were subjected to I/R.
RESULTS—Diabetic RAGE-null mice were significantly protected from the adverse impact of I/R injury in the heart, as indicated by decreased release of LDH and lower glycoxidation products carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and pentosidine, improved functional recovery, and increased ATP. In diabetic Tg mice expressing DN RAGE in endothelial cells or mononuclear phagocytes, markers of ischemic injury and CML were significantly reduced, and levels of ATP were increased in heart tissue compared with littermate diabetic controls. Furthermore, key markers of apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and cytochrome c release, were reduced in the hearts of diabetic RAGE-modified mice compared with wild-type diabetic littermates in I/R.
CONCLUSIONS—These findings demonstrate novel and key roles for RAGE in I/R injury in the diabetic heart.
Immunoglobulin-Like Transcript 3-Fc Suppresses T-Cell Responses to Allogeneic Human Islet Transplants in hu-NOD/SCID Mice
Authors: Vlad George , D'Agati Vivette D. , Zhang Qing-Yin , Liu Zhuoru , Ho Eric K. , Mohanakumar Thalachallour , Hardy Mark A. , Cortesini Raffaello , Suciu-Foca Nicole 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE—The aim of our study was to explore the immunomodulatory activity of soluble immunoglobulin (Ig)-like transcript (ILT) 3-Fc in pancreatic islet transplantation and to determine its mechanism of action.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—NOD/SCID mice in which diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection were transplanted with human pancreatic islet cells. Mice in which the transplant restored euglycemia were humanized with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells and treated with ILT3-Fc or control human IgG or left untreated. The blood glucose level was monitored twice a week, and rejection was diagnosed after two consecutive readings &gt;350 mg/dl. Tolerated and rejected grafts were studied histologically and by immunostaining for human T-cells and insulin production. CD4 and CD8 T-cells from the spleen were studied for suppressor activity, expression of cytokines, and CD40L.RESULTS—Although human T-cell engraftment was similar in all groups, ILT3-Fc–treated mice tolerated the islets for the entire period of observation (91 days), whereas control mice rejected the graft within 7 weeks (P &lt; 0.0001). ILT3-Fc treatment suppressed the expression of cytokines and CD40L and induced the differentiation of human CD8+ T suppressor cells that inhibited Th alloreactivity against graft HLA antigens. T-cells allostimulated in vitro in the presence of ILT3-Fc inhibited CD40L-induced upregulation of CD40 in human pancreatic islet cells. Histochemical studies showed dramatic differences between human pancreatic islets from tolerant, ILT3-Fc–treated mice and control recipients rejecting the grafts.CONCLUSIONS—The data indicated that ILT3-Fc is a potent immunoregulatory agent that suppressed islet allograft rejection in humanized NOD/SCID mice.
SEM Evaluation of the Hybrid Layer After Cavity Preparation with Er:YAG Laser
Authors: Barceleiro M. O. , Dias K. R. H. C. , Sales H. X. , Silva B. C. , Barceleiro C. G. 
Published: April 2008

Clinical Relevance
The thinner, irregular hybrid layer found when a cavity is prepared with the Er:YAG laser may have a negative effect on bonding.
Surface Treatments for Improving Bond Strength to Prefabricated Fiber Posts: A Literature Review
Authors: Monticelli F. , Osorio R. , Sadek F. T. , Radovic I. , Toledano M. , Ferrari M. 
Published: April 2008

Clinical RelevanceSeveral surface treatments have been proposed for improving the bonding of resin cements or core materials to FRC (fiber-reinforced composite) posts. The possibility of combining chemical and micromechanical retention on post surface provides the most promising adhesion mechanism.
The Influence of Tip Geometry and Distance on Light-curing Efficacy
Authors: Corciolani G. , Vichi A. , Davidson C. L. , Ferrari M. 
Published: April 2008

Clinical Relevance
Among the factors that significantly influence the depth of cure of resin composite restorations—the distance between the tip of the light source and the restorative material—as well as the geometry of the tip, are crucial parameters. Increasing the ratio between the entry and exit diameter of the tip will result in an improvement in the depth of cure for lower distances between the tip of the light source and the restorative material, while decreasing the ratio of the depth of cure, which will be higher for greater distances.