bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of high anti‐SKI and low anti‐TMED5 antibody levels is preferable prognostic factor in esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Ito Masaaki , Yajima Satoshi , Suzuki Takashi , Oshima Yoko , Nanami Tatsuki , Sumazaki Makoto , Shiratori Fumiaki , Takizawa Hirotaka , Li Shu‐Yang , Zhang Bo‐Shi , Yoshida Yoichi , Matsutani Tomoo , Hiwasa Takaki , Shimada Hideaki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGiven that esophageal cancer is highly malignant, the discovery of novel prognostic markers is eagerly awaited. We performed serological identification of antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning (SEREX) and identified SKI proto‐oncogene protein and transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 5 (TMED5) as antigens recognized by serum IgG antibodies in patients with esophageal carcinoma. SKI and TMED5 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography, and used as antigens. The serum anti‐SKI antibody (s‐SKI‐Ab) and anti‐TMED5 antibody (s‐TMED5‐Ab) levels were significantly higher in 192 patients with esophageal carcinoma than in 96 healthy donors. The presence of s‐SKI‐Abs and s‐TMED5‐Abs in the patients' sera was confirmed by western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the TMED5 protein was highly expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclear compartments of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues, whereas the SKI protein was localized predominantly in the nuclei. Regarding the overall survival in 91 patients who underwent radical surgery, the s‐SKI‐Ab‐positive and s‐TMED5‐Ab‐negative statuses were significantly associated with a favorable prognosis. Additionally, the combination of s‐SKI‐Ab‐positive and s‐TMED5‐Ab‐negative cases showed an even clearer difference in overall survival as compared with that of s‐SKI‐Ab‐negative and s‐TMED5‐Ab‐positive cases. The s‐SKI‐Ab and s‐TMED5‐Ab biomarkers are useful for diagnosing esophageal carcinoma and distinguishing between favorable and poor prognoses.
An empirically derived adjustable model for particle size distributions in advection fog
Authors: Kolářová M. , Lachiver L. , Wilkie A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRealistically modelled atmospheric phenomena are a long‐standing research topic in rendering. While significant progress has been made in modelling clear skies and clouds, fog has often been simplified as a medium that is homogeneous throughout, or as a simple density gradient. However, these approximations neglect the characteristic variations real advection fog shows throughout its vertical span, and do not provide the particle distribution data needed for accurate rendering. Based on data from meteorological literature, we developed an analytical model that yields the distribution of particle size as a function of altitude within an advection fog layer. The thickness of the fog layer is an additional input parameter, so that fog layers of varying thickness can be realistically represented. We also demonstrate that based on Mie scattering, one can easily integrate this model into a Monte Carlo renderer. Our model is the first ever non‐trivial volumetric model for advection fog that is based on real measurement data, and that contains all the components needed for inclusion in a modern renderer. The model is provided as open source component, and can serve as reference for rendering problems that involve fog layers.
Closing staffing gaps in Madagascar's protected areas to achieve the 30 by 30 conservation target
Authors: Rakotobe Domoina J. , Stevens Nancy J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProtected areas (PAs) guard critical biodiversity and provide ecosystem services, serving as a pillar of the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework that aims to protect 30% of the planet by 2030. But most PAs are understaffed. This study documents external workforce contributions to PA staffing in Madagascar, a biodiversity‐rich country that tripled its PA network in 2015. Taking a novel multi‐level approach, we use online surveys of 44 PAs and 13 institutions (managing 81% of PA surface area in Madagascar). Results reveal severe understaffing, reaching only a third of the global recommendation at just one staff member per 37.3 km2. Longer‐established PAs enjoy higher staffing ratios. Local community members comprise 94% of the PA external workforce, contributing up to 52% of labor in category V and VI PAs. Evolving human resource policies to deliberately better engage local communities will build PA resilience, addressing staffing gaps in a cost‐effective and sustainable manner to achieve the 30 by 30 target.
Ultrasound fundamentals and their clinical implications for interventional cytopathologists
Authors: Lieu David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the most important concepts in ultrasound physics that interventional cytopathologists need to understand in order to successfully perform ultrasound‐guided needle biopsies.MethodsReview of the literature.ResultsA deep understanding of ultrasound physics and the mathematics supporting it are not necessary. The most important concepts are frequency, attenuation, overall gain, time‐gain compensation, focus, spatial resolution, temporal resolution and Doppler.ConclusionBy understanding these eight basic concepts of ultrasound physics and their clinical implications, interventional cytopathologists can faithfully reproduce the imaging findings of the radiologist and locate the target to precisely guide a needle for biopsy.
Barriers to Inclusive Recycling in Asunción, Paraguay: A Just Transition?
Authors: Tucker Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTHow can cities upgrade urban waste infrastructures while also supporting the livelihoods of the poor? While development experts now agree that informal recyclers should be included in urban waste systems, many cities struggle to implement inclusive reforms. With a case study of informal recycling in Asunción, Paraguay, which compares dumpsite and street recyclers, this article addresses a gap in the literature by focusing on the policies, politics and frameworks that inhibit the implementation of pro‐poor reforms. Proposals to include waste pickers misunderstand key dynamics of informal waste work and locate waste‐picker cultures as the key barrier to successful waste‐picker integration. However, they overlook the historical production of waste‐picker organizing styles and underappreciate the diversity between different groups of informal recyclers. They seek to institute cooperatives, a promising model for segments of highly organized recyclers but one which threatens to exclude a large share of waste pickers who opt to work individually. Successfully integrating informal recyclers into waste management requires significant investments in the sector, meaningfully including waste pickers in proposal design and an epistemic shift to prioritize waste‐picker needs.
Association between right ventricular global longitudinal strain and mortality in intermediate‐risk pulmonary embolism
Authors: Wilson Ryan , Eguchi Shunsuke , Orihara Yoshiyuki , Pfeiffer Michael , Peterson Brandon , Ruzieh Mohammed , Gao Zhaohui , Gorcsan John , Boehmer John 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction has been identified as a prognostic marker for adverse clinical events in patients presenting with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However, challenges exist in identifying RV dysfunction using conventional echocardiography techniques. Strain echocardiography is an evolving imaging modality which measures myocardial deformation and can be used as an objective index of RV systolic function. This study evaluated RV Global Longitudinal Strain (RVGLS) in patients with intermediate risk PE as a parameter of RV dysfunction, and compared to traditional echocardiographic and CT parameters evaluating short‐term mortality.MethodsRetrospective single center cohort study of 251 patients with intermediate‐risk PE between 2010 and 2018. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality at 30 days. Statistical analysis evaluated each parameter comparing survivors versus non‐survivors at 30 days. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan–Meier curves were used for comparison of the two cohorts.ResultsAltogether 251 patients were evaluated. Overall mortality rate was 12.4%. Utilizing an ROC curve, an absolute cutoff value of 17.7 for RVGLS demonstrated a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 70% for observed 30‐day mortality. Individuals with an RVGLS ≤17.7 had a 25 times higher mortality rate than those with RVGLS above 17.7 (HR 25.24, 95% CI = 6.0–106.4, p < .001). Area under the curve was (.855), RVGLS outperformed traditional echocardiographic parameters, CT findings, and cardiac biomarkers on univariable and multivariable analysis.ConclusionsReduced RVGLS values on initial echocardiographic assessment of patients with intermediate‐risk PE identified patients at higher risk for mortality at 30 days.
Temperature‐humidity‐density dependent evaporation behaviour of clay and sandy clay
Authors: Yu Huayue , Chen Zhixiang , Wan Yong , Sun Xiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo compare the disparities between free water evaporation and soil water evaporation, and unveil the temporal impact of soil water evaporation in diverse environments, a series of experiments were conducted to observe the soil water content in different temperature and humidity environments. Meanwhile, the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the evaporation process of free water in air were determined, and the sensitivities of temperature, humidity and density on the soil water evaporation process were analysed. The results demonstrated that both external temperature and humidity can serve as variables for controlling the evaporation rate of soil water. These factors exerted a dynamic influence on the evaporation process, with the impact of each factor tending to stabilize as soil water content decreased. The evaporation rate of soil water was higher than that of free water at the initial stage and was lower than that of free water after the soil reached the residual water content; soil water tended to exist in a state with higher entropy than that of free water. This study provides valuable insights for the establishment of a soil water evaporation model.
Origin of pathogenic variant and mosaicism in families with a sporadic case of haemophilia B
Authors: Mårtensson Annika , Letelier Anna , Manderstedt Eric , Glosli Heidi , Ljung Rolf 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionOf newly diagnosed cases of haemophilia B, the proportion of sporadic cases is usually 50% of severe cases and 25% of moderate/mild cases. However, cases presumed to be sporadic due to family history may not always be sporadic. Few case reports have been published on mosaicism in haemophilia B.AimThe present study aimed to trace the origin of the pathogenic variant in a well‐defined cohort of sporadic cases of haemophilia B by haplotyping markers. It also aimed to determine the frequency of mosaicism in presumed non‐carrier mothers.MethodsThe study group was 40 families, each with a sporadic case of haemophilia B analysed in two‐to‐three generations by Sanger sequencing, haplotyping and using the sensitive droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) technique.ResultsIn 31/40 (78%) of the families, the mother carried the same pathogenic variant as her son, while Sanger sequencing showed that 9/40 (22%) of the mothers did not carry this variant. Of these variants, 2/9 (22%) were shown to be mosaics by using the ddPCR technique. 16/21 carrier mothers, with samples from three generations available, had a de novo pathogenic variant of which 14 derived from the healthy maternal grandfather.ConclusionThe origin of the pathogenic variant in sporadic cases of haemophilia B is most often found in the X‐chromosome derived from the maternal grandfather or, less often, from the maternal grandmother. Mosaic females seem to be found at the same frequency as in haemophilia A but at a lower percentage of the pathogenic variant.
Stepwise algorithm using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for differential diagnosis of fat‐poor angiomyolipoma in small renal masses: A prospective validation study
Authors: Toide Masahiro , Tanaka Hajime , Kobayashi Masaki , Fujiwara Motohiro , Nakamura Yuki , Fukuda Shohei , Kimura Koichiro , Waseda Yuma , Yoshida Soichiro , Tateishi Ukihide , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo validate the diagnostic accuracy of a stepwise algorithm to differentiate fat‐poor angiomyolipoma (fp‐AML) from renal cancer in small renal masses (SRMs).MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 223 patients with solid renal masses <4 cm and no visible fat on unenhanced computed tomography (CT). Patients were assessed using an algorithm that utilized the dynamic CT and MRI findings in a stepwise manner. The diagnostic accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated in patients whose histology was confirmed through surgery or biopsy. The clinical course of the patients was further analyzed.ResultsThe algorithm classified 151 (68%)/42 (19%)/30 (13%) patients into low/intermediate/high AML probability groups, respectively. Pathological diagnosis was made for 183 patients, including 10 (5.5%) with fp‐AML. Of these, 135 (74%)/36 (20%)/12 (6.6%) were classified into the low/intermediate/high AML probability groups, and each group included 1 (0.7%)/3 (8.3%)/6 (50%) fp‐AMLs, respectively, leading to the area under the curve for predicting AML of 0.889. Surgery was commonly opted in the low and intermediate AML probability groups (84% and 64%, respectively) for initial management, while surveillance was selected in the high AML probability group (63%). During the 56‐month follow‐up, 36 (82%) of 44 patients initially surveyed, including 13 of 18 (72%), 6 of 7 (86%), and 17 of 19 (89%) in the low/intermediate/high AML probability groups, respectively, continued surveillance without any progression.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the high diagnostic accuracy for differentiating fp‐AMLs. These findings may help in the management of patients with SRMs.
Spiritual interventions: Improving the lives of colorectal cancer survivors—A systematic literature review
Authors: Okere Calixtus Abiodun , Sak‐Dankosky Natalia , Yerris Victor , Kvist Tarja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo systematically review the types of spiritual interventions available for colorectal cancer survivors and determine if they improve their lives.DesignSystematic review.Data SourceA thorough literature search was conducted in July 2023 using PRIMO, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE.Review MethodsAs an extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) checklist, the Synthesis Without Meta‐Analysis reporting guideline was employed. A narrative synthesis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThirty‐five articles were analysed for this study. The findings suggest that psychoeducational intervention, cognitive behavioural therapy intervention, mindfulness intervention, social intervention, and spiritual counselling improved CRC survivor's coping skills, boosted self‐esteem, lessened anxiety, instilled hope, enhanced daily functioning, improved survival rates, improved neurological functional status and quality of life (QoL).ConclusionThere is proof that spiritual interventions help CRC patients and improve their QoL. It has been discovered that spiritual intervention is helpful in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of CRC conditions.ImpactCRC survivors may have impairments in their physical ability and daily functioning as a result of many symptoms, such as pain, bowel dysfunction, and exhaustion. Furthermore, individuals may encounter difficulties in several aspects of their psychological, emotional, social, and role functioning due to the presence of dread symptoms. Therefore, these study will help CRC survivors

To implement spiritual interventions in the management of their long‐term care.
To cultivate problem‐solving abilities, foster self‐assurance, and enhance self‐awareness.
To alleviate symptoms, enhance everyday functioning, and improve QoL.
No InducementNo financial incentives were used to compensate patients or members of the public for this review.
Impacts of pro‐inflammatory cytokines variant on cardiometabolic profile and premature coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Yuan , Lin Yi , Wei Baozhu , Luo Zhi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInterleukin‐6 (IL‐6), a pivotal pro‐inflammatory cytokine, is closely linked to vascular wall thickening and atherosclerotic lesion. Since serum IL‐6 levels are largely determined by the genetic variant in IL‐6, this study was conducted to investigate whether the IL‐6 variant impacts cardiometabolic profile and the risk of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from May 13, 2022 to June 28, 2023. In total, 40 studies (26,543 individuals) were included for the analysis. The rs1800795 (a function variant in the IL‐6 gene) C allele was linked to higher levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), total cholesterol (TC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), and a lower levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C). However, no significant association was observed of rs1800795 with triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Interestingly, a significant association was detected between rs1800795 and PCAD. Subgroup analyses indicted that the impacts of rs1800795 on cardiometabolic risk factors were significant in Caucasians but stronger in obese patients. In contrast, the impact of rs1800795 on PCAD was significant in brown race population. In summary, rs1800795 had a slight but significant impact on cardiometabolic risk factors and PCAD. IL‐6 inhibition with ziltivekimab or canakinumab may benefit high‐risk populations (e.g. brown race population, Caucasians, obese patients, etc.) with rs1800795 to prevent PCAD.
Contamination bias in the estimation of child maltreatment causal effects on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems
Authors: Felt John M. , Chimed‐Ochir Ulziimaa , Shores Kenneth A. , Olson Anneke E. , Li Yanling , Fisher Zachary F. , Ram Nilam , Shenk Chad E. 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundWhen unaddressed, contamination in child maltreatment research, in which some proportion of children recruited for a nonmaltreated comparison group are exposed to maltreatment, downwardly biases the significance and magnitude of effect size estimates. This study extends previous contamination research by investigating how a dual‐measurement strategy of detecting and controlling contamination impacts causal effect size estimates of child behavior problems.MethodsThis study included 634 children from the LONGSCAN study with 63 cases of confirmed child maltreatment after age 8 and 571 cases without confirmed child maltreatment. Confirmed child maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing behaviors were recorded every 2 years between ages 4 and 16. Contamination in the nonmaltreated comparison group was identified and controlled by either a prospective self‐report assessment at ages 12, 14, and 16 or by a one‐time retrospective self‐report assessment at age 18. Synthetic control methods were used to establish causal effects and quantify the impact of contamination when it was not controlled, when it was controlled for by prospective self‐reports, and when it was controlled for by retrospective self‐reports.ResultsRates of contamination ranged from 62% to 67%. Without controlling for contamination, causal effect size estimates for internalizing behaviors were not statistically significant. Causal effects only became statistically significant after controlling contamination identified from either prospective or retrospective reports and effect sizes increased by between 17% and 54%. Controlling contamination had a smaller impact on effect size increases for externalizing behaviors but did produce a statistically significant overall effect, relative to the model ignoring contamination, when prospective methods were used.ConclusionsThe presence of contamination in a nonmaltreated comparison group can underestimate the magnitude and statistical significance of causal effect size estimates, especially when investigating internalizing behavior problems. Addressing contamination can facilitate the replication of results across studies.
Metasomatism of the continental crust and its impact on surface uplift: Insights from reactive‐transport modelling
Authors: Worthington James R. , Chin Emily J. , Palin Richard M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh‐elevation, low‐relief continental plateaus are major topographic features and profoundly influence atmospheric circulation, sediment transport and storage, and biodiversity. Although orogenic surface‐uplift mechanisms for modern continental plateaus near known plate margins like Tibet are well‐characterized, they cannot account for examples in intracontinental settings like the Colorado Plateau. In contrast to canonical plate‐tectonic uplift mechanisms, broad‐scale hydration‐induced metasomatism of the lower crust has been suggested to reduce its density and increase its buoyancy sufficiently to contribute to isostatic uplift. However, the relationships between key petrophysical properties in these environments are not fully quantified, which limits application of this model. Here, we develop a series of petrological models that describe the petrological and topographic effects of fluid–rock interaction in non‐deforming continental crust of varying composition. We apply an open‐system petrological modelling framework that utilizes reactive‐transport calculations to determine the spatial and temporal scales over which mineralogic transformations take place compared with the magnitude of infiltration of aqueous fluids derived from devolatilization of subducting oceanic lithosphere. The buoyancy effect of hydration‐induced de‐densification is most significant for metabasic lower crust, intermediate for metapelitic crust, and minimal for granodioritic crust. We apply these results to a case study of the ~2 km‐high Colorado Plateau and demonstrate that under ideal conditions, hydration of its lower–middle crust by infiltrating aqueous fluids released by the Farallon slab during Cenozoic low‐angle subduction could have uplifted the plateau surface by a maximum of ~1 km over 16 Myr. However, realistically, although hydration likely has a measurable effect on surface tectonics, the uplift of orogenic plateaus is likely dominantly controlled by other factors, such as lithospheric delamination.