bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative tissue diagnosis for tumours of the pancreas
Authors: Hartwig W , Schneider L , Diener M K , Bergmann F , Büchler M W , Werner J 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
Preoperative biopsy of pancreatic lesions suspected of malignancy is controversial.

Methods
A systematic Medline literature search was carried out. Diagnostic studies reporting quantitative preoperative pancreatic biopsy data were evaluated.

Results
The analysis included 53 studies, mostly of a retrospective nature. Despite acceptable rates for sensitivity and specificity, the negative predictive value of percutaneous and endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biopsies was 60–70 per cent. Biopsy results were considered to be essential for directing non-surgical therapy in advanced disease. However, they were of limited value in planning the treatment of resectable solid or cystic tumours, or focal lesions in the setting of chronic pancreatitis.

Conclusions
Biopsy of suspected pancreatic malignancies with systemic spread or local irresectability is indicated for planning palliative or neoadjuvant therapy. Preoperative biopsy of potentially resectable pancreatic tumours is not generally advisable, as malignancy cannot be ruled out with adequate reliability.
Meta-analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy after radical surgery for advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Sun P , Xiang J-B , Chen Z-Y 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
There is no consensus of opinion about postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy after radical surgery for advanced gastric cancer. This is a meta-analysis of the published results of relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Methods
Electronic databases from January 1998 to December 2007 were searched and 12 RCTs were selected. These included a total of 3809 patients. The hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival was calculated.

Results
The pooled HR for overall survival was 0·78 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·71 to 0·85) in favour of chemotherapy. Subgroup analysis showed that the advantage of chemotherapy was not influenced by depth of tumour infiltration, status of lymph node metastasis, type of lymphadenectomy, geographical distribution of patients or route of drug administration.

Conclusions
Postoperative chemotherapy can improve overall survival after radical surgery for gastric cancer; there is no standardized chemotherapy regimen. Japanese-style D2 radical surgery plus oral 5-fluorouracil appears an effective treatment at present.
Detection of lymph node metastases in oesophageal cancer
Authors: Jamieson G G , Thompson S K 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
The importance of lymph node status in oesophageal cancer cannot be disputed. It is therefore surprising that no standardization exists in either terminology or methodology in lymph node analysis.

Methods
All online databases were searched to identify articles published from 1970 onwards. This was supplemented by hand searching references of retrieved articles.

Results and conclusion
Without accurate identification of lymph node metastases, patients cannot be staged properly, nor can best practice for the treatment of oesophageal cancer be determined. This review outlines the problem and proposes recommendations for standardization in terminology and methodology for the detection of lymph node metastases in oesophageal cancer.
LC‐MS analysis for the components captured by ECV304 cell from extract of Aconitum szechenyianum Gay.
Authors: Yuan Jiang‐Feng , Zhang Zhi‐Qi , Kang Xue‐Qin , Liu Jian‐Li 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA novel method of cell affinity screening (CAS), cell affinity capture coupled with LC‐MS analysis, was developed for screening the bioactive compounds related to cardiovascular diseases from the natural product libraries. One of the major characteristics lies in its function in affinity‐capturing and separating the bioactive components from the natural product libraries in vitro. Another characteristic is its use in analyzing and identifying the target compounds, by employing high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. CAS was used for screening the bioactive components from the alkaloid extract derived from Aconitum szechenyianum Gay. Of the five components found to be bound to the oxidative‐damaged endothelial cells, the two compounds identified, mesaconitine and aconitine, were recognized in the literature as being related to cardiovascular diseases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salting‐out assisted liquid/liquid extraction with acetonitrile: a new high throughput sample preparation technique for good laboratory practice bioanalysis using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wu Huaiqin , Kim Elaine , El‐Shourbagy Tawakol A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAcetonitrile, an organic solvent miscible with aqueous phase, has seen thousands of publications in the literature as an efficient deproteinization reagent. The use of acetonitrile for liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), however, has seen very limited application due to its miscibility with aqueous phase. The interest in LLE with acetonitrile has been pursued and reported in the literature by significantly lowering the temperature of the mixture or increasing the salt concentration in the mixture of acetonitrile and aqueous phase, resulting in the separation of the acetonitrile phase from aqueous phase, as observed in conventional LLE. However, very limited application of these methods has been reported. The throughput was limited. In this report, we report a new sample preparation technique, salting‐out assisted liquid–liquid extraction with acetonitrile, for high‐thoughput good laboratory practice sample analysis using LCMS, Two compounds from an approved drug, Kaletra®, were used to demonstrate the extractability of drugs from human plasma matrix. Magnesium sulfate was used as the salting‐out reagent. Extracts were diluted and then injected into a reversed phase LC‐MS/MS system directly. One 96‐well plate was extracted with this new approach to evaluate multiple parameters of a good laboratory practice analytical method. Results indicate that the method is rapid, reliable and suitable for regulated bioanalysis. With minimal modification, this approach has been used for high‐throughput good laboratory practice analysis of a number of compounds under development at Abbott. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of a hydrophilic paclitaxel derivative, 7‐xylosyl‐10‐deacetylpaclitaxel in rat plasma by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Jiang Shou Gang , Zu Yuan Gang , Zhang Lin , Fu Yu Jie , Zhang Yu , Wang Zhou , Hua Xin , Wang Jing Tao 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of a hydrophilic paclitaxel derivative 7‐xylosyl‐10‐deacetylpaclitaxel in rat plasma was developed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of 7‐xylosyl‐10‐deacetylpaclitaxel in the rats. 7‐Xylosyl‐10‐deacetylpaclitaxel and docetaxel (IS for 7‐xylosyl‐10‐deacetylpaclitaxel) were extracted from rat plasma with acetic ether and analyzed on a Hypersil C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm i.d., particle size 5 µm) with the mobile phase of ACN/0.05% formic acid (50:50, v/v). The analytes were detected using an ESI MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The standard curves for 7‐xylosyl‐10‐deacetylpaclitaxel in plasma were linear (r >0.999) over the concentration range of 2.0–1000 ng/mL with a weighting of 1/concentration2. The method showed a satisfactory sensitivity (2.0 ng/mL using 50 µL plasma), precision (CV ≤ 10.1%), accuracy (relative error −12.4 to 12.0%), and selectivity. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of 7‐xylosyl‐10‐deacetylpaclitaxel in rat plasma after intravenous administration of 7‐xylosyl‐10‐deacetylpaclitaxel to female Wistar rats. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of quinapril and quinaprilat in human plasma by ultraperformance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Dasandi Bhavesh , Shah Sanjay , Shivprakash  
Published: November 2008

AbstractA novel, specific and sensitive ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of quinapril and its active metabolite quinaprilat in human plasma. The method involves a simple, one‐step extraction procedure coupled with an Acquity UPLC™ BEH C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, i.d., 1.7 µm) with isocratic elution at a flow‐rate of 0.2 mL/min and lisinopril as the internal standard. Detection was performed on a triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode via electrospray ionization. Using 250 µL plasma, the methods were validated over the concentration range 5.010–500.374 ng/mL for quinapril and 10.012–1000 ng/mL for quinaprilat, with a lower limit of quantification of 5.010 ng/mL for quinapril and 10.012 ng/mL for quinaprilat. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy were within 10.0%. The recovery was 85.8, 62.6 and 61.3% for quinapril, quinaprilat and lisinopril, respectively. Total run time was 3.0 min only. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of a novel paclitaxel derivative (NPD‐103) in human plasma by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Shuang‐Qing , Chen Guo‐Hua 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA sensitive and specific ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS‐MS) method for quantification of a newly developed anticancer agent NPD‐103 has been established. An aliquot of human plasma sample (200 µL) was spiked with 13C‐labeled paclitaxel (internal standard) and extracted with 1.3 mL of tert‐butyl methyl ether. NPD‐103 was quantitated on a C18 column with methanol–0.1% formic acid (75:25, v/v) as mobile phase using UPLC‐MS‐MS operating in positive electrospray ionization mode with a total run time of 3.0 min. For NPD‐103 at the concentrations of 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 µg/mL in human plasma, the absolute extraction recoveries were 95.58, 102.43 and 97.77%, respectively. The linear quantification range of the method was 0.1–20.0 µg/mL in human plasma with linear correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy for NPD‐103 at 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 µg/mL levels in human plasma fell into the ranges of 95.29–100.00% and 91.04–94.21%, and the intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were in the ranges of 8.96–11.79% and 7.25–10.63%, respectively. This assay is applied to determination of half‐life of NPD‐103 in human plasma. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Insight into the Mode of Action of Nickel Superoxide Dismutase by Investigating Metallopeptide Substrate Models
Authors: Tietze Daniel , Breitzke Hergen , Imhof Diana , Kothe Erika , Weston James , Buntkowsky Gerd 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFor the first time, the existence of a substrate adduct of a nickel superoxide dismutase (NiSOD) model, based on the first nine residues from the N terminus of the active form of Streptomyces coelicolor NiSOD, has been proven and the adduct has been isolated. This adduct is based on the cyanide anion (CN−), as a substrate analogue of the superoxide anion (O2.−), and the nickel metallopeptide H‐HCDLPCGVY‐NH2‐Ni. Spectroscopic studies, including IR, UV/Vis, and liquid‐ and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, show a single nickel‐bound cyanide anion, which is embedded in the metallopeptide structure. This complex sheds new light on the question of whether the mode of action of the NiSOD enzyme is an inner‐ or outer‐sphere mechanism. Whereas discussion was previously biased in favor of an outer‐sphere electron‐transfer mechanism due to the fact that binding of cyanide or azide moieties to the nickel active site had never been observed, our results are a clear indication in favor of the inner‐sphere electron‐transfer mechanism for the disproportionation of the O2.− ion, whereby the substrate is attached to the Ni atom in the active site of the NiSOD.
Noise in magnitude magnetic resonance images
Authors: Cárdenas‐Blanco Arturo , Tejos Cristian , Irarrazaval Pablo , Cameron Ian 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe aims of this article are to review the properties of noise in magnitude MR images to clarify the terminology used when referring to the noise and to discourage the use of the terms Rician noise and Rician noise bias. The distribution of measured MR pixel intensities in the presence of noise is known to be Rician, and the width of this distribution is directly related to the Gaussian noise on the measured real and imaginary signals. It is the pixel magnitude values that follow the Rician distribution, not the noise. The term Rician noise should be used cautiously or, better still, avoided completely since inherent to this terminology is behavior that is not normally associated with noise, such as dependence on signal strength. This terminology is misleading and can lead to conceptual and practical misunderstandings. It is better to relate the image noise to the Gaussian noise on the real and imaginary signals. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Concepts Magn Reson Part A 32A:409–416, 2008.
Psychologic intervention improves survival for breast cancer patients
Authors: Andersen Barbara L. , Yang Hae‐Chung , Farrar William B. , Golden‐Kreutz Deanna M. , Emery Charles F. , Thornton Lisa M. , Young Donn C. , Carson William E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The question of whether stress poses a risk for cancer progression has been difficult to answer. A randomized clinical trial tested the hypothesis that cancer patients coping with their recent diagnosis but receiving a psychologic intervention would have improved survival compared with patients who were only assessed.METHODS.A total of 227 patients who were surgically treated for regional breast cancer participated. Before beginning adjuvant cancer therapies, patients were assessed with psychologic and behavioral measures and had a health evaluation, and a 60‐mL blood sample was drawn. Patients were randomized to Psychologic Intervention plus assessment or Assessment only study arms. The intervention was psychologist led; conducted in small groups; and included strategies to reduce stress, improve mood, alter health behaviors, and maintain adherence to cancer treatment and care. Earlier articles demonstrated that, compared with the Assessment arm, the Intervention arm improved across all of the latter secondary outcomes. Immunity was also enhanced.RESULTS.After a median of 11 years of follow‐up, disease recurrence was reported to occur in 62 of 212 (29%) women and death was reported for 54 of 227 (24%) women. Using Cox proportional hazards analysis, multivariate comparison of survival was conducted. As predicted, patients in the Intervention arm were found to have a reduced risk of breast cancer recurrence (hazards ratio [HR] of 0.55;P= .034) and death from breast cancer (HR of 0.44;P= .016) compared with patients in the Assessment only arm. Follow‐up analyses also demonstrated that Intervention patients had a reduced risk of death from all causes (HR of 0.51;P= .028).CONCLUSIONS.Psychologic interventions as delivered and studied here can improve survival. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
The impact of positron emission tomography (PET) on expected management during cancer treatment
Authors: Hillner Bruce E. , Siegel Barry A. , Shields Anthony F. , Liu Dawei , Gareen Ilana F. , Hanna Lucy , Stine Sharon Hartson , Coleman R. Edward 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Positron emission tomography (PET) performed during cancer therapy (treatment monitoring) has shown promise for predicting treatment outcome. However, when used for this purpose, PET generally is not considered standard care. Under the Medicare ‘coverage with evidence development’ policy, PET (and integrated PET/computed tomography) became a covered service for treatment monitoring if prospective registry data were collected.METHODS:The National Oncologic PET Registry collected questionnaire data on intended patient management before and after PET. Data were available from 8240 patients who had 10,497 treatment‐monitoring PET scans at 946 centers; these studies were used to monitor chemotherapy alone (82%), radiation therapy alone (6%), or combined‐modality treatment (12%). Ovarian, pancreatic, and lung cancers accounted for 37% of the cohort. In 54% of scans, the pre‐PET summary stage was metastatic disease.RESULTS:If PET had not been available, then the pre‐PET plan would have been other imaging (53%), ongoing treatment (41%), or biopsy or watching (6%). Change in the post‐PET intended management was similar in the imaging and treatment groups: 26% to 28% of scans to switching to another therapy, and 16% to 19% scans led to adjustment of the dose or duration of therapy. Changes in management were more frequent if the referring physician judged that the post‐PET prognosis was worse rather than improved or unchanged (78% vs 40%). The physicians indicated that PET enabled 91% of their patients to avoid future tests.CONCLUSIONS:Physicians often report plans to modify their therapeutic plans in elderly cancer patients when PET is used for treatment monitoring. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Intrinsic Volumetric Properties of Trialanine Isomers in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Mitra Lally , Oleinikova Alla , Winter Roland 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe intrinsic volume and the intrinsic coefficient of thermal expansion of alanine tripeptides of different chirality are obtained from densimetric and pressure‐perturbation calorimetric measurements by using the volumetric properties of water of hydration obtained from computer simulations. The aim of this study is to provide better understanding of the different contributions to the volumetric properties of peptides in solution. Water of hydration makes a major contribution to the volumetric properties measured experimentally. The intrinsic thermal expansivity of the peptides is found to be negative despite positive apparent values of thermal expansivity due to the large positive expansivity of the water of hydration, which notably exceeds the bulk value. The different volumetric behavior of the isomers is discussed in relation to their structural characteristics.
Design and implementation of a digital control IC for driving multiple cold cathode fluorescent lamps
Authors: Shin Haw‐Yun , Yang Jui‐Piao 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study designs and develops a digital control integrated circuit (IC) for driving circuits operating multiple cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs). The control IC adopts an external crystal oscillator for the IC's external frequency to provide the driving circuits a fixed frequency. Inside the IC, two control loops are designed, under synchronized operation frequencies, for a boost regulator and an inverter. The main function of the boost regulator control loop is to supply a steady DC voltage for the inverter. In designing the inverter's control circuit, an adjustable‐frequency adjustable‐voltage soft‐start technique is used to start the lamps. We also use burst mode digital dimming technique to achieve synchronized dimming for the parallel‐connected lamp‐ignition circuits. The feedback voltage from the CCFLs can determine if any lamp is abnormal via a proposed lamp abnormality detection circuit. To deal with the equivalent‐circuit's component parameter differences among various manufacturers' and brands' piezoelectric transformers (PTs), the inverter's operation frequency is designed fine‐tunable in this study. Finally, the proposed design concept was implemented with an actual control IC and a driving circuit for CCFLs. The measured data and waveforms from our test circuitry are presented, which verifies the validity of the miniaturized controller proposed in this study. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast computation of the discrete Hartley transform
Authors: Jain Priyanka , Kumar Balbir , Jain S. B. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe discrete Hartley transform (DHT) is a real‐valued transform closely related to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of a real‐valued spectrum which preserves some useful properties of DFT. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to realize one‐dimensional DHT with sequence lengthN=2(2 ×m),m⩾2. The proposed algorithm requires fewer multiplications than some of the algorithms in the literature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom bilateral forceps robot system using FPGA
Authors: Ishii Ena , Katsura Seiichiro , Nishi Hiroaki , Ohnishi Kouhei 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFast growing use of minimally invasive endoscopic surgeries called for development of robots assisting in such procedures. However, existing surgical robots cannot transmit tactile sensation to the operator. To overcome this shortcoming, a bilateral teleoperation method was developed making it possible to accurately convey tactile sensation in single‐degree‐of‐freedom forceps robots. This paper deals with the development of a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom bilateral forceps robot system for surgical procedures which can adapt to actual conditions of the surgery.Bilateral teleoperation of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom robots requires exchange of environmental information between master and slave devices in common coordinates. In this study we adopted mode coordinates which are better related to the motion of the robot. We also proposed a method to decouple the mechanical interference in mode coordinates. An FPGA‐based controller introduced in this study makes it possible to reduce data processing time and to use hardware‐based real‐time control. As a result, multi‐degree‐of‐freedom force feedback is attained. The experimental results show the viability of the proposed method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(6): 23–33, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10118
Determination of cis/trans phase of variations in the MC1R gene with allele‐specific PCR and single base extension
Authors: Mengel‐From Jonas , Børsting Claus , Sanchez Juan J. , Eiberg Hans , Morling Niels 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe MC1R gene encodes a protein with key regulatory functions in the melanin synthesis. A multiplex PCR and a multiplex single base extension protocol were established for genotyping six exonic MC1R variations highly penetrant for red hair (R), four exonic MC1R variations weakly penetrant for red hair (r), two frameshift variations highly penetrant for red hair (R) and three variations in the promoter region. We genotyped 600 individuals from Denmark using either CE or MALDI‐TOF MS as the detection platform. A total of 62 individuals were genotyped R/R and among the 62 individuals, 57 had red hair and five had blond hair colour. Two different R alleles may be located in cis (RR/−) position or trans (R/R) position, and the phenotype associated with RR/− and R/R may be different. Two allele‐specific PCRs were established with primers targeting the −G445A variation in the MC1R promoter and the allele‐specific PCR products were used in the multiplex single base extension assay. In all 62 individuals, the MC1R variants were situated in trans position. Another 18 individuals with red hair colour were either genotyped R/− or R/r, suggesting that other genes influence hair colour.