bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence of lateral pelvic side-wall nodal involvement in low rectal cancer may be similar in Japan and the West
Authors: Yano H , Moran B J 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Background
There is an East–West divide with regard to the frequency, significance and management of lateral pelvic side-wall nodes associated with low rectal cancer. In Japan, removal of nodes is considered essential in curative treatment of selected patients. In the West, involved nodes are generally considered as metastatic disease. There may be international differences in rectal cancer behaviour.

Methods
A review of relevant studies was undertaken using PubMed, Cochrane Library and personal archives of references; further cross-referencing was conducted. Historical developments, relevant anatomy and reports on lateral pelvic lymphadenectomy (LPLD) were identified. Outcomes following LPLD were assessed.

Results
The low rectum has lateral lymphatic drainage. Enhanced pelvic imaging techniques suggest that some patients with low rectal cancer have lateral pelvic lymph node involvement. However, there is no universal agreement on the definition of either the rectum or low rectal cancer. Selective use of LPLD has led to good outcomes in Japan. An alternative strategy might be neoadjuvant therapy for involved lateral nodes.

Conclusion
Pelvic imaging and correlation with pathological findings are crucial in the assessment of lateral pelvic side-wall nodes. East and West should combine their experience of preoperative staging, surgical treatment and pathological assessment of low rectal cancer.
Incorporation of Dynamic Flexibility in the Design of a Methanol Synthesis Loop in the Presence of Catalyst Deactivation
Authors: Parvasi P. , Rahimpour M. R. , Jahanmiri A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA typical methanol loop reactor is analyzed in this study. All basic equipment in the Lurgi‐type methanol loop is included in the proposed model. A detailed dynamic model described by a set of ordinary differential and algebraic equations is developed to predict the behavior of the overall process. The model is validated against plant data. A new deactivation model is proposed and its parameters are estimated using daily plant data. The interesting feature of this model is that it incorporates the effect of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide on the catalyst deactivation. Using the model, the effect of various factors to compensate for the reduction of production rate due to catalyst deactivation has been examined. Some improvements can be achieved by adjusting the operating conditions. Finally, a strategy is proposed for prevention of reduced production due to catalyst deactivation.
Removal of Nickel and Boron from Plating Rinse Effluent by Electrochemical and Chemical Techniques
Authors: Golder A. K. , Dhaneesh V. S. , Samanta A. N. , Ray S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this work, electrotreatment of nickel and boron containing plating rinse effluents was studied with mild steel and aluminum electrodes. Industrial effluent treatment directly by an electrochemical technique is capable of removing 80–85 % nickel. The residual nickel interfered with boron determination by curcumin method. The pH fall during electrotreatment in industrial effluent is due to electrodeposition of nickel at the cathode surface, evidenced by simulated effluent treatment. Nickel concentration can be reduced below the discharge limit from the industrial plating effluent by chemical precipitation and coagulation at pH above 8. Chemical precipitation showed maximum boron removal of about 50 %. Boron removal was 29.3–41.9 % and 20.6–33.1 % with ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate, respectively. A combination of chemical precipitation at pH 8.7 followed by electrotreatment reduces nickel to the discharge limit and also maximizes boron removal up to 59 %.
Packing with Stamped Horizontal Lamellae Operating at Extremely Low Liquid Loads II. Effective Surface Area
Authors: Kolev N. , Kralev B. , Razkazova‐Velkova E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn the first part of this investigation a new packing material, specially designed for operation at extremely low liquid superficial velocity, was presented [1]. It consists of narrow, horizontal lamellae stamped in vertical plates with small distances between them. The liquid flows horizontally, wetting practically the whole surface of the lamellae, i.e., strips. One of the most important performance characteristics of packings is their effective surface area. This surface can be either smaller or greater than the specific surface [2]. The results of the investigation into the effective surface of the new packing are presented here. They show that it slowly increased with liquid superficial velocity, L. At the lowest liquid superficial velocity, L, equal to only 2.6 · 10–5 m3/(m2s) for a packing with a specific area of 132.7 m2/m3, and the effective surface area is more than 50 % higher than the specific one. At L = 10 · 10–5 m3/(m2s), for the same packing, the effective surface is about twice as high as the specific one.
Nucleation Process in the Cavity of a 48‐Tungstophosphate Wheel Resulting in a 16‐Metal‐Centre Iron Oxide Nanocluster
Authors: Mal Sib Sankar , Dickman Michael H. , Kortz Ulrich , Todea Ana Maria , Merca Alice , Bögge Hartmut , Glaser Thorsten , Müller Achim , Nellutla Saritha , Kaur Narpinder , van Tol Johan , Dalal Naresh S. , Keita Bineta , Nadjo Louis 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe 16‐FeIII‐containing 48‐tungsto‐8‐phosphate [P8W48O184Fe16(OH)28(H2O)4]20−(1) has been synthesised and characterised by IR and ESR spectroscopy, TGA, elemental analyses, electrochemistry and susceptibility measurements. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses were carried out on Li4K16[P8W48O184Fe16(OH)28(H2O)4]⋅66 H2O⋅2 KCl (LiK‐1, orthorhombic space groupPnnm,a=36.3777(9) Å,b=13.9708(3) Å,c=26.9140(7) Å, andZ=2) and on the corresponding mixed sodium–potassium salt Na9K11[P8W48O184Fe16(OH)28(H2O)4]⋅100 H2O (NaK‐1, monoclinic space groupC2/c,a=46.552(4) Å,b=20.8239(18) Å,c=27.826(2) Å,β=97.141(2)° andZ=4). Polyanion1contains—in the form of a cyclic arrangement—the unprecedented {Fe16(OH)28(H2O)4}20+nanocluster, with 16 edge‐ and corner‐sharing FeO6octahedra, grafted on the inner surface of the crown‐shaped [H7P8W48O184]33−(P8W48) precursor. The synthesis of1was accomplished by reaction of different iron species containing FeII(in presence of O2) or FeIIIions with theP8W48anion in aqueous, acidic medium (pH ≈4), which can be regarded as an assembly process under confined geometries. One fascinating aspect is the possibility to model the uptake and release of iron in ferritin. The electrochemical study of1, which is stable from pH 1 through 7, offers an interesting example of a highly iron‐rich cluster. The reduction wave associated with the FeIIIcentres could not be split in distinct steps independent of the potential scan rate from 2 to 1000 mV s−1; this is in full agreement with the structure showing that all 16 iron centres are equivalent. Polyanion1proved to be efficient for the electrocatalytic reduction of NOx, including nitrate. Magnetic and variable frequency EPR measurements on1suggest that the FeIIIions are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled and that the ground state is tentatively spinS=2.
Superelectrophiles: Charge–Charge Repulsive Effects
Authors: Klumpp Douglas A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOver the years, a significant number of di‐ and tricationic superelectrophiles have been studied. Many of these superelectrophiles exhibit charge–charge repulsive effects due to the interaction of the positive charges. Charge–charge repulsion can lead to novel molecular rearrangements, profoundly influence reactivities, and may significantly effect molecular structure.
Osmium Pyme Complexes for Fast Hydrogenation and Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Baratta Walter , Ballico Maurizio , Del Zotto Alessandro , Siega Katia , Magnolia Santo , Rigo Pierluigi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe osmium compound trans,cis‐[OsCl2(PPh3)2(Pyme)] (1) (Pyme=1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)methanamine), obtained from [OsCl2(PPh3)3] and Pyme, thermally isomerizes to cis,cis‐[OsCl2(PPh3)2(Pyme)] (2) in mesitylene at 150 °C. Reaction of [OsCl2(PPh3)3] with Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2 (dppb) and Pyme in mesitylene (150 °C, 4 h) leads to a mixture of trans‐[OsCl2(dppb)(Pyme)] (3) and cis‐[OsCl2(dppb)(Pyme)] (4) in about an 1:3 molar ratio. The complex trans‐[OsCl2(dppb)(Pyet)] (5) (Pyet=2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethanamine) is formed by reaction of [OsCl2(PPh3)3] with dppb and Pyet in toluene at reflux. Compounds 1, 2, 5 and the mixture of isomers 3/4 efficiently catalyze the transfer hydrogenation (TH) of different ketones in refluxing 2‐propanol and in the presence of NaOiPr (2.0 mol %). Interestingly, 3/4 has been proven to reduce different ketones (even bulky) by means of TH with a remarkably high turnover frequency (TOF up to 5.7×105 h−1) and at very low loading (0.05–0.001 mol %). The system 3/4 also efficiently catalyzes the hydrogenation of many ketones (H2, 5.0 atm) in ethanol with KOtBu (2.0 mol %) at 70 °C (TOF up to 1.5×104 h−1). The in‐situ‐generated catalysts prepared by the reaction of [OsCl2(PPh3)3] with Josiphos diphosphanes and (±)‐1‐alkyl‐substituted Pyme ligands, promote the enantioselective TH of different ketones with 91–96 % ee (ee=enantiomeric excess) and with a TOF of up to 1.9×104 h−1 at 60 °C.
Convergence proof of the velocity field for a stokes flow immersed boundary method
Authors: Mori Yoichiro 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe immersed boundary (IB) method is a computational framework for problems involving the interaction of a fluid and immersed elastic structures. It is characterized by the use of a uniform Cartesian mesh for the fluid, a Lagrangian curvilinear mesh on the elastic material, and discrete delta functions for communication between the two grids. We consider a simple IB problem in a two‐dimensional periodic fluid domain with a one‐dimensional force generator. We obtain error estimates for the velocity field of the IB solution for the stationary Stokes problem. We use this result to prove convergence of a simple small‐amplitude dynamic problem. We test our error estimates against computational experiments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transition between Airy1 and Airy2 processes and TASEP fluctuations
Authors: Borodin Alexei , Ferrari Patrik L. , Sasamoto Tomohiro 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe consider the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process, a model in the KPZ universality class. We focus on the fluctuations of particle positions, starting with certain deterministic initial conditions. For large time t, one has regions with constant and linearly decreasing density. The fluctuations on these two regions are given by the Airy1 and Airy2 processes, whose one‐point distributions are the GOE and GUE Tracy‐Widom distributions of random matrix theory. In this paper we analyze the transition region between these two regimes and obtain the transition process. Its one‐point distribution is a new interpolation between GOE and GUE edge distributions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
State of the art in heterogeneous strong migration of computations
Authors: Milanés A. , Rodriguez N. , Schulze B. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe emergence of new environments, such as grids and mobile devices, poses new requirements for programming systems and models. Migration techniques, which have been extensively studied but not widely used, gain a chance to rise in light of these requirements. This survey reviews a particular case of migration that fits well into those environments—that is, heterogeneous strong migration of running computations at application level. We approach it from an implementation point of view, commenting on related issues and current solutions. We discuss the strong influence that language support for migration has on implementation issues, and the advantages that a higher level of support would represent for the portability and performance of the application, as well as in terms of control and flexibility for the programmer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life cell quantification of mitochondrial membrane potential at the single organelle level
Authors: Distelmaier Felix , Koopman Werner J. H. , Testa Epifania R. , de Jong Arjan S. , Swarts Herman G. , Mayatepek Ertan , Smeitink Jan A. M. , Willems Peter H. G. M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) is key to mitochondrial function and cellular survival. Here, we aimed to develop an automated protocol allowing sensitive quantification of Δψ in living cells at the level of individual mitochondria. Human skin fibroblasts were stained with the fluorescent cation tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), which is sequestered by mitochondria according to their Δψ. Cells were visualized by videomicroscopy and the acquired images were processed to generate a mitochondria‐specific mask. The latter was superimposed on the original image to allow quantification of TMRM fluorescence. Following validation, our approach revealed that mitochondria with different Δψ coexisted within the same cell. Furthermore, our method allowed reproducible detection of small (<10%) reductions in TMRM intensity induced by the complex III inhibitor antimycin A. Mitochondrial uncoupling by p‐trifluoromethoxy carbonyl cyanide phenyl hydrazone (FCCP) greatly reduced mitochondrial TMRM fluorescence. Under these conditions faithful mask calculation and TMRM intensity analysis were still possible using a mitochondria‐targeted green fluorescence protein (mitoAcGFP1), expressed in the cells using baculoviral transfection. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Deformation‐based nuclear morphometry: Capturing nuclear shape variation in HeLa cells
Authors: Rohde Gustavo K. , Ribeiro Alexandre J. S. , Dahl Kris N. , Murphy Robert F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe empirical characterization of nuclear shape distributions is an important unsolved problem with many applications in biology and medicine. Numerous genetic diseases and cancers have alterations in nuclear morphology, and methods for characterization of morphology could aid in both diagnoses and fundamental understanding of these disorders. Automated approaches have been used to measure features related to the size and shape of the cell nucleus, and statistical analysis of these features has often been performed assuming an underlying Euclidean (linear) vector space. We discuss the difficulties associated with the analysis of nuclear shape in light of the fact that shape spaces are nonlinear, and demonstrate methods for characterizing nuclear shapes and shape distributions based on spatial transformations that map one nucleus to another. By combining large deformation metric mapping with multidimensional scaling we offer a flexible approach for elucidating the intrinsic nonlinear degrees of freedom of a distribution of nuclear shapes. More specifically, we demonstrate approaches for nuclear shape interpolation and computation of mean nuclear shape. We also provide a method for estimating the number of free parameters that contribute to shape as well as an approach for visualizing most representative shape variations within a distribution of nuclei. The proposed methodology can be completely automated, is independent of the dimensionality of the images, and can handle complex shapes. Results obtained by analyzing two sets of images of HeLa cells are shown. In addition to identifying the modes of variation in normal HeLa nuclei, the effects of lamin A/C on nuclear morphology are quantitatively described. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Cell cycle studies based upon quantitative image analysis
Authors: Stacey Dennis W. , Hitomi Masahiro 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWhen cell cycle studies are performed following cell cycle synchronization, it is possible that critical properties of an actively cycling cell will be overlooked. For this reason past studies have not revealed critical aspects of cell cycle control; such as how a cell determines when to exit the cell cycle, or how rapidly it should cycle. To address these challenging questions we have developed a procedure to quantitate fluorescent stains in a monolayer culture, where nuclear fluorescence and cell cycle history can be assessed with accuracy on a cell by cell basis. The cell cycle position of each cell can be determined by analyzing DNA and BrdU levels. The behavior of cells in a given cell cycle position can then be studied by quantitating up to two other stained markers. When the microinjection of siRNA, neutralizing antibodies, and expression plasmids are coupled with quantitative image analysis, these cell cycle studies can be conducted following alterations in the expression levels of selected cellular targets. With these techniques we have discovered critical aspects of cell cycle control; including how cyclin D1 levels vary through the cell cycle, the molecular mechanisms governing these changes, and the biological implications of changes in cyclin D1 concentration in various cell cycle stages. Our studies with cyclin D1, coupled with similar studies of p27Kip1, form the basis of an entirely new model of cell cycle control proposed here. This model explains how cell cycle progression is terminated, and how the length of the cell cycle is regulated. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
How to Appraise Investment Projects
Authors: Chong Gin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHow do you evaluate a potential project? Prior investment appraisal models suggest that managers focus on the risk level before assessing the financial returns of the project. But the author of this article suggests a project appraisal model (PAM) to weigh both the financial and nonfinancial results. So PAM will help you evaluate investment projects on a holistic basis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risky Business in China
Authors: Byington J. Ralph , McGee Jo Ann 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWant to do an M&A deal in China? Be very careful! Remember that corruption and white‐collar crime (WCC) is not confined to the United States. It is an epidemic that has infected business abroad as well. And while the penalties for WCC in the United States are tame, in China the punishment can be death.The authors review WCC in China, including who is doing it, what the penalties are, and protective measures executives can take to avoid and prevent encounters with the Chinese versions of WCC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FTC Goes Wild Over Whole Foods Merger
Authors: Rouse Robert W. , DeLaurell Roxane M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDespite a credit crunch in 2007, merger and acquisition (M&A) activity has continued at a rapid pace. The two primary regulatory agencies that evaluate proposed mergers—the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)—issued a guidelines commentary in 2006. It gave us vital insight on how the DOJ and FTC evaluate mergers. The authors review the commentary and show how it worked in the case of one recent acquisition—where the FTC and DOJ disagreed. The authors then discuss how companies can avoid the M&A mistakes of the past. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bcl‐xL prevents staurosporine‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis by restoring protein kinase B/mitogen‐activated protein kinase activity and mitochondria integrity
Authors: Wang Yinna , Zhang Baochun , Peng Ximei , Perpetua Michele , Harbrecht Brian G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOur study reports that staurosporine induces apoptosis in cultured rat hepatocytes in a dose‐ and time‐dependent fashion. Staurosporine induced apparent cleavage of caspase‐8, caspase‐9, and caspase‐3. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and Bid activation were also detected in staurosporine‐treated primary hepatocytes. These results suggest that mitochondria‐mediated cell death signaling may be involved in staurosporine‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Bcl‐xL overexpression protected from “loss of” mitochondrial transmembrane potential and prevented staurosporine‐induced caspase‐3 and caspase‐8 cleavage. Overexpression of constitutively active ERK and PKB inhibited staurosporine‐induced caspase‐3 activation and hepatocyte death. PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and ERK inhibitor (PD98059) significantly reversed the protective effects of Bcl‐xL on staurosporine‐induced hepatocyte death. Our data suggest that Bcl‐xL prevents staurosporine‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis by modulating protein kinase B and p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinase activity and disrupts mitochondria death signaling. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 676–683, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanofibrous Poly(lactic acid)/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds for Guided Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Jeong Sung In , Ko Eun Kyoung , Yum Jungsuk , Jung Chul Ho , Lee Young Moo , Shin Heungsoo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe production of nanofibrous PLA/HA composite scaffolds is described. The morphological, mechanical, surface, and thermal properties of the composites were extensively investigated. The results show that the mixture of PLA and HA formed smooth nanofibers without lumps. The incorporation of HA increased the mechanical strength of the nanofibers and changed the morphology, increasing the mean fiber diameter and pore size. Surface and internal properties confirmed that HA was homogeneously distributed inside the nanofibers and oriented towards their surface. The nanofiber composites allowed the adhesion and proliferation of pre‐osteoblasts for up to 3 weeks.magnified image
Segmented Block Copolymers with Terephthalic‐Extended Poly(ethylene oxide) Segments
Authors: Husken Debby , Feijen Jan , Gaymans Reinoud J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSegmented block copolymers comprised of flexible PEO segments and monodisperse crystallizable bisestertetraamide segments have been synthesized. The influence of the terephthalic units in the soft phase on the transitions and the thermal mechanical and elastic properties are studied. The presence of terephthalic units in the copolymer increases the glass transition temperature of the soft phase by ≈5 °C. The low‐temperature flexibility of the copolymers is improved because of the lower crystallinity and melting temperature of PEO. With the use of terephthalic‐extended PEO segments, segmented block copolymers with low moduli (G' < 15 MPa) and good elastic properties could be obtained.magnified image
Synthesis and Self‐Assembly of Functionalized Cyclooctene Block Copolymers via ROMP
Authors: Xie Meiran , Han Huijing , Wang Weizhen , He Xiaohua , Zhang Yiqun 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA novel block copolymer consisted of MACIT and HCO segments was synthesized via ROMP in the ionic liquid [bmim][PF6] with good control over the polymerization process. The molecular weight of the block copolymer was estimated by 1H NMR, and the molar composition ratio of repeating units in the MACIT block to those in the HCO block was 100:120 (120:120 in feed). The micellar characterization was carried out by DLS, AFM, and TEM. The hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles, measured by DLS, was 129 ± 0.09 nm with a narrow distribution (PDI = 0.034). The TEM image showed spherical micelles.magnified image