bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of functional intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Garg Ankush , González-Foutel Nicolas S , Gielnik Maciej B , Kjaergaard Magnus 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Many proteins do not fold into a fixed three-dimensional structure, but rather function in a highly disordered state. These intrinsically disordered proteins pose a unique challenge to protein engineering and design: How can proteins be designed de novo if not by tailoring their structure? Here, we will review the nascent field of design of intrinsically disordered proteins with focus on applications in biotechnology and medicine. The design goals should not necessarily be the same as for de novo design of folded proteins as disordered proteins have unique functional strengths and limitations. We focus on functions where intrinsically disordered proteins are uniquely suited including disordered linkers, desiccation chaperones, sensors of the chemical environment, delivery of pharmaceuticals, and constituents of biomolecular condensates. Design of functional intrinsically disordered proteins relies on a combination of computational tools and heuristics gleaned from sequence-function studies. There are few cases where intrinsically disordered proteins have made it into industrial applications. However, we argue that disordered proteins can perform many roles currently performed by organic polymers, and that these proteins might be more designable due to their modularity.
Whole-Body Vibration to Improve Physical Function Parameters in Nursing Home Residents Older Than 80 Years: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sañudo Borja , Reverte-Pagola Gonzalo , Seixas Adérito , Masud Tahir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveLoss of functional independence is more likely in older adults who reside in an institution as a consequence of a decline in muscle mass and a loss of force production capacity. The aim of this review was to assess the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) interventions on the strength, balance, and mobility of nursing home residents older than 80 years.MethodsAn electronic search in MEDLINE, Scopus, and CINAHL databases was conducted. Randomized controlled trials that involved nursing home residents older than 80 years, that investigated WBV interventions compared with nonintervention, usual care, or placebo, and that measured physical function outcomes including strength, balance, gait, and mobility were included. Risk of bias was assessed by 2 reviewers using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The standardized mean differences (SMD) between the experimental and control groups were calculated with a random-effects model for each outcome, and subgroup analysis was conducted for different outcomes.ResultsIn total, 2864 articles were identified; of these, 14 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that WBV significantly increased the lower limb muscle strength (SMD = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.16 to 1.03), mobility (SMD = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.81), gait score (SMD = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.51), balance (SMD = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.81), and physical performance (SMD = 1.33; 95% CI = 0.33 to 2.33).ConclusionWBV may be an effective intervention to improve the strength, balance, mobility, walking ability, and physical performance of older nursing home residents.ImpactWBV presents a safe, accessible alternative for improving health in this vulnerable population, warranting further research and integration into health care practices.
Non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce COVID-19 transmission in the UK: a rapid mapping review and interactive evidence gap map
Authors: Duval D , Evans B , Sanders A , Hill J , Simbo A , Kavoi T , Lyell I , Simmons Z , Qureshi M , Pearce-Smith N , Arevalo C R , Beck C R , Bindra R , Oliver I 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were crucial in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, although uncertainties about their effectiveness remain. This work aimed to better understand the evidence generated during the pandemic on the effectiveness of NPIs implemented in the UK.

Methods
We conducted a rapid mapping review (search date: 1 March 2023) to identify primary studies reporting on the effectiveness of NPIs to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Included studies were displayed in an interactive evidence gap map.

Results
After removal of duplicates, 11 752 records were screened. Of these, 151 were included, including 100 modelling studies but only 2 randomized controlled trials and 10 longitudinal observational studies.
Most studies reported on NPIs to identify and isolate those who are or may become infectious, and on NPIs to reduce the number of contacts. There was an evidence gap for hand and respiratory hygiene, ventilation and cleaning.

Conclusions
Our findings show that despite the large number of studies published, there is still a lack of robust evaluations of the NPIs implemented in the UK. There is a need to build evaluation into the design and implementation of public health interventions and policies from the start of any future pandemic or other public health emergency.
A Quantitative Trait Locus on Maize Chromosome 5 Is Associated with Root-Knot Nematode Resistance
Authors: Davis Richard F. , Harris-Shultz Karen , Knoll Joseph E. , Krakowsky Matthew , Scully Brian 
Published: March 2024

This study provides the first report of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) in maize ( Zea mays) for resistance to the southern root-knot nematode (SRKN) ( Meloidogyne incognita). The SRKN can feed on the roots of maize in the U.S. Southern Coastal Plain region and can cause yield losses of 30% or more in heavily infested fields. Increases in SRKN density in the soil may reduce the yield for subsequently planted susceptible crops. The use of maize hybrids with resistance to SRKN could prevent an increase in SRKN density, yet no genetic regions have been identified that confer host resistance. In this study, a B73 (susceptible) × Ky21 (resistant) S5 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was phenotyped for total number of eggs (TE) and root weight. This population had been genotyped using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). By utilizing the SNP data with the phenotype data, a single QTL was identified on chromosome 5 that explained 15% of the phenotypic variation (PV) for the number of eggs and 11% of the PV for the number of eggs per gram of root (EGR). Plants that were homozygous for the Ky21 allele for the most associated marker PZA03172.3 had fewer eggs and fewer EGR than the plants that were homozygous or heterozygous for the B73 allele. Thus, the first QTL for SRKN resistance in maize has been identified and could be incorporated into maize hybrids.
Secreted in Xylem (SIX) Gene SIX9 Is Highly Conserved in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Race 4 Isolates from Cotton in the United States
Authors: Jobe Timothy O. , Urner Michael , Ulloa Mauricio , Broders Kirk , Hutmacher Robert B. , Ellis Margaret L. 
Published: March 2024

Many Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales produce small, infection-dependent effector proteins called “secreted in xylem” (SIX) proteins. These proteins are secreted into the xylem of a plant during the infection process and are thought to promote virulence. In this study, a collection of Fusarium oxysporum isolates composed primarily of different races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) was screened for the presence of 14 SIX effector genes ( SIX1 to SIX14). Our results showed that some of the most virulent FOV races, FOV4 and FOV7, share a common SIX effector: SIX9. This effector is largely absent in other FOV races in North America, making SIX9 a potential target for rapid detection of these highly virulent FOV strains and enabling race-specific FOV quantification in infected host plants. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
A Nationwide Survey Study of Recovery Community Centers Supporting People in Recovery From Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Hoeppner Bettina B. , Simpson Hazel V. , Weerts Catherine , Riggs Marion J. , Williamson Alivia C. , Finley-Abboud Diadora , Hoffman Lauren A. , Rutherford Philip X. , McCarthy Patty , Ojeda Julia , Mericle Amy A. , Rao Vinod , Bergman Brandon G. , Dankwah Akosua B. , Kelly John F. 
Published: March 2024

Objective
The medical community has become aware of its role in contributing to the opioid epidemic and must be part of its resolution. Recovery community centers (RCCs) represent a new underused component of recovery support.

Methods
This study performed an online national survey of all RCCs identified in the United States, and used US Census ZIP code tabulation area data to describe the communities they serve.

Results
Residents of areas with RCCs were more likely to be Black (16.5% vs 12.6% nationally, P = 0.005) and less likely to be Asian (4.7% vs 5.7%, P = 0.005), American Indian, or Alaskan Native (0.6% vs 0.8%, P = 0.03), or live rurally (8.5% vs 14.0%, P < 0.0001). More than half of RCCs began operations within the past 5 years. Recovery community centers were operated, on average, by 8.8 paid and 10.2 volunteer staff; each RCC served a median of 125 individuals per month (4–1,500). Recovery community centers successfully engaged racial/ethnic minority groups (20.8% Hispanic, 22.5% Black) and young adults (23.5% younger than 25 years). Recovery community centers provide addiction-specific support (eg, mutual help, recovery coaching) and assistance with basic needs, social services, technology access, and health behaviors. Regarding medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs), RCC staff engaged members in conversations about MOUDs (85.2%) and provided direct support for taking MOUD (77.0%). One third (36.1%) of RCCs reported seeking closer collaboration with prescribers.

Conclusions
Recovery community centers are welcoming environments for people who take MOUDs. Closer collaboration between the medical community and community-based peer-led RCCs may lead to significantly improved reach of efforts to end the opioid epidemic.
Outcomes of Pressure Sore Surgery in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury and Spasticity
Authors: Negosanti Luca , Sanguinetti Giorgio , Musumeci Gaia , Bettini Francesca , Salucci Pamela , Rucci Paola , Landi Siriana , Sgarzani Rossella 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Spasticity is a serious complication of spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D) that affects 60%–80% of patients with this condition. The presence of spasticity can have a significant impact on the outcomes of reconstructive surgical interventions, such as those on pressure sores (PSs). Moreover, in the conservative treatment of PSs, spasticity may prevent maintaining adequate postures to avoid skin friction or traction. The aim of this study is to describe the PS reconstruction outcomes in a cohort of patients with SCI/D affected by spasticity.

Methods:
In this retrospective study of patients with SCI/D consecutively admitted to Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute between October 2013 and March 2022, 54 PSs were treated in 46 people with spasticity.

Results:
Postsurgery complications occurred in 26 of 54 treated PS, of which seven were major. Eleven patients experienced more than one complication. The overall incidence of postsurgical complications was 48.1%, and the incidence of major complications was 13%. Median length of hospital stay was 3.8 versus 1.8 months. Compared with other reports in the literature of PS reconstruction in patients with SCI/D, we found higher rates of overall, minor, and major complications.

Conclusions:
Spasticity proved to be an important condition to consider, and its treatment requires specialized physicians. The collaboration between plastic surgeons and spasticity specialists is crucial to define the best treatment to reduce postoperative complications.
Hemorrhagic unilateral retinopathy: a report of multimodal imaging in three cases
Authors: Torrell-Belzach Nuria , Miere Alexandra , Souied Eric H , Gaudric Alain , Cohen Salomon Y 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To report three cases of hemorrhagic unilateral retinopathy, diagnosed by multimodal imaging.

Methods:
Case report of 3 patients, 2 women and one man, aged 51, 74, and 52, respectively.

Results:
Symptoms were acute floaters, blurred vision, or central scotoma, unilateral in all cases. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the affected eye in 2 patients with a paracentral scotoma, and 20/160 in the third patient. Funduscopic examination revealed multiple unilateral posterior hemorrhages located in the Henle fiber layer in the macula and beneath the internal limiting membrane around the optic disc on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) did not show any vascular abnormalities. SD-OCT angiography (SD-OCT-A) did not show any capillary drop-out or choroidal abnormalities. In all patients, the visual symptoms completely disappeared within a few weeks, with spontaneous regression of the hemorrhages.

Conclusion:
Hemorrhagic unilateral retinopathy is a rarely reported and poorly understood disorder. ICGA and SD-OCT-A did not allow better understanding the condition. No etiology has been associated with this entity so far. The spontaneous resolution of the present cases confirmed the favorable visual prognosis of the condition.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Idiopathic Orbital Myositis
Authors: Ang Terence , Tong Jessica Y. , Patel Sandy , Hardy Thomas G. , McNab Alan , Selva Dinesh 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To characterize the qualitative and quantitative features of idiopathic orbital myositis (IOM) on MRI.

Methods:
This was a multicenter retrospective study of patients with active IOM with MRI. Patients with incomplete clinical records, poor-quality or interval scans without active myositis, and specific orbital myositis (i.e., orbital myositis secondary to an identified condition) were excluded. An enlargement ratio was calculated by dividing the diameters of the affected extraocular muscle (EOM) by the contralateral unaffected EOM.

Results:
Twenty-four patients (mean age: 44.4 ± 17.8 years-old, male: 11) between 2011 and 2022 were included. One case (4.2%) was pediatric (17 years old), and 6 cases presented with recurrence. Active IOM was characterized by fusiform EOM enlargement, high T2 signal, and contrast enhancement. Average maximal EOM diameters ranged from 4.6 to 7.7 mm (enlargement ratio: 1.4–2.2). Eighteen (75%) patients had single EOM involvement, most commonly the medial rectus. Other ipsilateral structures affected included focal orbital fat (16/24, 66.7%) and lacrimal gland (8/24, 33.3%). Contralateral changes in the EOM and/or lacrimal gland were observed in 7 patients (29.2%). Patients presenting with recurrence were likely to develop ongoing recurrent episodes (p = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Various radiological patterns of involvement described including EOM enlargement, contrast enhancement, abnormal signal, and involvement of other orbital structures are indicative of active IOM. IOM remains a heterogeneous spectrum of acute and chronic clinico-radiological presentations. Inflammation may involve other ipsilateral or contralateral orbital structures or may be bilateral despite presenting clinically as unilateral disease. Quantitative measurements may have utility in differentiating IOM from other causes of orbital myositis.
A Scoping Review of Risk Factors of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Black Women Living in High-Income Countries
Authors: Baiden Deborah , Nerenberg Kara , Hillan Edith M. , Dogba Maman Joyce , Adombire Stephen , Parry Monica 
Published: March 2024

Background
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are maternity-related increases in blood pressure (eg, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia). Compared with women of other races in high-income countries, Black women have a comparatively higher risk of an HDP. Intersectionality helps to provide a deeper understanding of the multifactorial identities that affect health outcomes in this high-risk population.

Objective
In this review, we sought to explore the literature on HDP risk factors in Black women living in high-income countries and to assess the interaction of these risk factors using the conceptual framework of intersectionality.

Methods
We conducted this review using the Arksey and O'Malley methodology with enhancements from Levac and colleagues. Published articles in English on HDP risk factors with a sample of not less than 10% of Black women in high-income countries were included. Six databases, theses, and dissertations were searched from January 2000 to July 2021. A thematic analysis was used to summarize the results.

Results
A final total of 36 studies were included from the 15 480 studies retrieved; 4 key themes of HDP risks were identified: (1) biological; (2) individual traditional; (3) race and ethnicity, geographical location, and immigration status; and (4) gender related. These intersectional HDP risk factors intersect to increase the risk of HDP among Black women living in high-income countries.

Conclusion
Upstream approaches are recommended to lower the risks of HDP in this population.
Physician Perspectives on the Nonclinical Factors That Contribute to Decision-Making for Advanced Prostate Cancer Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kaye Deborah R. , Tu Karissa , Davis J. Kelly , Campagna Ada , Docherty Sharron L. , Kurnot Jeremy , Zhang Tian , George Daniel J. , Ubel Peter A. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Promising new treatments exist for advanced prostate cancer. Decision-making is complicated: there are minimal comparative effectiveness data; differing routes of administration, drug mechanisms of action, and side effects; and significant price differences. These challenges contribute to variations in care and quality, treatment disparities, and lack of concordance with patient values. The aim of this study was to examine physician perspectives of factors influencing decision-making for first-line advanced prostate cancer treatments.

Methods:
We conducted a qualitative descriptive study of physicians who treat patients with advanced prostate cancer from September 2021 to June 2022. Participants were purposively sampled from across the United States.

Results:
Twenty-seven physicians participated. We identified 17 domains and three overarching themes affecting physician decision-making for advanced prostate cancer care. The themes were as follows: (1) physician and practice factors affect prescribing decisions, (2) health practice resource availability affects the likelihood that patients will receive the recommended treatment and that the treatment will be in-line with patients' values, and (3) patient nonclinical factors influence physician decision-making, but patient values could be better incorporated into prescribing decisions. Based on the analyses, we constructed a preliminary framework of clinician decision-making for advanced prostate cancer.

Conclusions:
Physicians perceive that nonclinical patient, physician, and practice factors affect decision-making. These factors, therefore, must be considered when implementing programs to optimize a physician's ability to provide quality cancer care, reduce health care disparities and patient financial burden, and provide patient goal concordant care. The preliminary theoretical model of clinician decision-making for advanced prostate cancer care may also be used to inform these efforts.
Detection of FLAD1 mutations and lipid storage myopathy in a 5-year-old boy: a case report study
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Shojaie Layla , Ghelichi-Ghojogh Mousa 
Published: March 2024

Introduction and importance:
Lipid storage myopathy due to flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase 1 (FLAD1) deficiency is an autosomal recessive error of metabolism that causes variable mitochondrial dysfunction.

Case presentation:
At the age of 3, the patient was found to have movement problems, such as difficulty rising from a chair (Gower’s sign) and climbing stairs, which led to hospital admission and diagnosis. At the age of 4, carrier detection for spinal muscular atrophy was normal; however, at the age of 5, whole-exome sequencing revealed a pathogenic variant of Chr1: 154960762: A>T c.A554T:p.D185V in exon-2 of FLAD1 gene was identified as homozygous.

Clinical discussion:
In general, it is expected that the treatment of type 2 FLAD1 gene mutation with riboflavin has a better prognosis, but these interventions may not be sufficient for the survival of the patient. Treatment with riboflavin has increased various functions, including skeletal-muscular, and cardiovascular function. As a result, like the patient in our study, the mutation in exon-2 is more severe and less responsive to riboflavin treatment.

Conclusion:
Checking the FLAD1 gene is recommended in all people with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
An Indonesian adult with obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a case report
Authors: Saka Dian Dina Sholihah , Novida Hermina 
Published: March 2024

Introduction and importance:
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is an often overlooked and limited case with other conditions that can cause hypoventilation.

Case presentation:
An Indonesian female, 22 years old, always feels sleepy, has difficulty concentrating and controlling her appetite. The patient had a fever, respiratory rate of 32 ×/min, pulse rate of 115 ×/min, apathy, obesity (BMI =46.6 kg/m2), and she used oxygen therapy with a non-rebreathing mask of 10 l/min (SO2 of 89%). The patients had daytime hypercapnia & alveolar hypoventilation without other causes of hypoventilation. She was likely to have a chronic condition with relatively stable symptoms that had fallen into a state of acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. The patient used mechanical ventilation and received supportive management. After 19 days of treatment, the patient’s condition improved, and it was recommended to lose weight gradually. In 1-week post hospitalization, the patient experienced a weight loss of 5 kg.

Discussion:
Mechanical ventilation, supportive management, and decreased body weight of 25–30% gradually have improved prognosis in OHS patients. Bariatric surgery is carried out when the patient cannot lose weight with diet and exercise.

Conclusion:
OHS management includes oxygen therapy and gradually decreased body weight.