bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition of adipose tissue triglycerides of neonatal and year‐old lambs
Authors: Garton G. A. , Duncan W. R. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTriglyccrides were isolated from perinephric (internal) and subcutaneous (external) adipose tissue obtained from neonatal lambs and from lambs which had been fed, until they were a year old, on a semi‐synthetic ration or on a diet of grass cubes. the triglycerides went analysed for their fatty acid composition (including trans unsaturated acids) and for the intramolecular distribution of these acids between the primary and secondary alcoholic groups of the glycerol moiety.Whereas in the year‐old lambs (and in adult sheep previously examined), the triglycerides of internal adipose tissue had a higher content of stearic acid and trans unsaturated acid than those of external tissues, the triglycerides from the perinephric and subcutaneous tissues of the neonatal lambs were very similar in fatty acid composition. Palmitic acid and C18 mono‐unsaturated acid together constituted more than 80% of the total acids. This composition resembles that of the subcutaneous triglycerides of the grown animal and suggests that, at all stages of growth, the triglycerides of external tissues are largely the result of endogenous synthesis.The fatty acids of the adipose tissues of the neonatal animals did not contain any of the acids of exogenous origin, such as those with trans double bonds, which characterise the triglycerides of the growing and mature animals, particularly those of the internal depots. Nevertheless, the intramolecular disposition of the fatty acids in the triglycerides formed in utero was similar to that previously observed in triglycerides from both the internal and external depots of the adult sheep. Saturated acids (palmitic and stearic acids) predominated amongst those esterified in the 1‐and 3‐positions of the glycerol moiety and unsaturated acids (almost entirely oleic acid) were the major components esterified in the 2‐position.While the triglycerides from corresponding body sites in the two groups of year‐old lambs were generally quite similar with respect to their content of palmitic acid, stearic acid and C18 mono‐unsaturated acid, the contribution of trans isomer to the total C18 mono‐unsaturated acid was considerably greater in the tissues (particularly perinephric tissue) of the animals fed on grass cube than in the tissues of those given the semi‐synthetic ration. This difference between the two groups of lambs was associated with a corresponding difference in the proportions of C18 trans unsaturated acid in the lipids of the rumen contents of the animals.
Isolation and characterisation of disulphide peptides from wheat flour
Authors: Jones I. K. , Carnegie P. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method has been devised for the isolation and fractionation of disulphide peptides from flour. Oxidised glutathione is only a minor member of a family of disulphide peptides, the rest of which are basic and of molecular weight about 2000.The basic disulphide peptides could not be fractionated into individual components, but they contained some disulphide groups that were very reactive towards glutathione at pH 5.8, which is approximately the pH of dough.
Decoquinate: I.—An absorption and elimination study in broiler chickens using 14C‐labelled decoquinate
Authors: Filer C. W. , Hiscock D. R. , Parnell E. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRadiochemically labelled (3‐14C)‐decoquinate (ethyl 6‐n‐decyloxy‐7‐ethoxy‐4‐hydroxyquinoline‐3‐carboxylate) has been synthesised and used to measure residues remaining in liver, kidney, teg muscle, breast muscle, blood, heart, fat and skin after administration to broiler chickens at a dose equivalent to 0.008% decoquinate in the feed. Residues reached their maximum levels three days after dosing began and they remained substantially constant thereafter. These levels were less than 1.0 ppm in all the tissues examined. After withdrawal of medication, residue levels fell rapidly in most tissues (<0.1 ppm after 89 h) with the exception of fat and skin.
Volatile constituents of the black currant, Ribes nigrum L.: I. A commercial black‐currant distillate
Authors: Nursten H. E. , Williams A. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInvestigations of a neutral extract of a commercial black‐currant distillate by means of gas chromatography and infra‐red spectroscopy has revealed approximately 150 components. the following twenty compounds have been identified: α‐terpinene, β‐phellandrene, γ‐terpinene, p‐methyliso‐propenylbenzene, 1,8‐cineole, 2‐hexenal, methanol, ethanol, n‐propanpl, n‐butanol, isobutanol, isopentanol, 2‐methylbut 3‐en‐2‐ol, n‐hexanol, cis‐ & trans‐hex‐2‐en‐l‐ol, terpinen‐4‐ol, ethyl n‐butyrate, methyl n‐hexanoate, and methyl benzoate. a further 34 compounds were tentatively identified.
Further observations of the decomposition of herbicides in soil
Authors: Hance R. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVelocity constants were determined for the reactions undergone by atrazine, chlorpropham, diuron, linuron and picloram in the presence of various amounts of soil and water at 95°. the rates of reaction were dependent on the quantity of soil present but not on the extent of adsorption. At high ratios of soil: herbicide the rates were sufficiently fast to suggest that non‐biological chemical degradation could possibly be a significant pathway by which these herbicides are lost from the soil.
Nutritive value of the proteins of veal, beef and pork determined on the basis of available essential amino acids or hydroxyproline analysis
Authors: Dvořák Z. , Vognarová Irena 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAvailable essential ammo acids and hydroxyproline in the proteins of different cuts of veal, beef and pork were determined. An indirect relationship between available essential amino acids and hydroxyproline was found which can be expressed as regression straight lines, if the amounts of each available amino acid in g/16 g N and hydroxyproline in log g/16 g N are plotted. This relationship is valid for veal, beef and pork and does not appear to be influenced by age, sex, or species of animal.Taking the protein content of the whole hen's egg as a standard, egg ratios were calculated from the content of available essential amino acids. the relationship between egg ratios and hydroxyproline is expressed by curved lines. the chemical score given by the egg ratio of the limiting amino acid shows a change at 1.175 g of hydroxyproline/16 g N at which point the limiting amino acids change. With lower amounts of hydroxyproline, phenylalanine is limiting; with greater amounts methionine is the limiting amino acid. At this turning point, valine values are similar to the values of limiting amino acids.Results are discussed with regard to the nutritive values of meat proteins and to the possibility of the evaluation of meat quality on the basis of nitrogen and hydroxyproline analysis.
Residue studies using 14C‐benazolin, with special reference to its persistence on foliage under glasshouse conditions
Authors: Lewis D. K. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract14C‐Benazolin (4‐chloro‐2‐oxobenzothiazolin‐3‐ylacetic acid), labelled in the carboxyl carbon, was applied to barley and other cereals, ryegrass, clover, and chickweed, and the loss of radioactivity was studied. Radioactivity was readily removed from the leaves by washing with water soon after application, but, generally, only 40 % or less of the applied dose was recoverable in this way after 3 days. the total level of radioactivity was reduced to approximately 5% of that applied to the plants 4 weeks after application in the case of clover and ryegrass, and 8 weeks after application to barley. Analysis of all field‐grown cereals showed no detectable residue in grain or straw at the time of harvest, using a method capable of detecting 0.04 ppm.Autoradiography of thin‐layer co‐chromatograms of the extracts showed that most of the radioactivity was present as unchanged benazolin.There appears to be no simple relationship between the concentration of benazolin accumulating in the plant and herbicidal activity, as judged by parallel experiments on barley and ryegrass (resistant) and chickweed (susceptible species). It is concluded that the resistance cannot be related simply to an ability to exclude or metabolise 14C‐benazolin.Column percolation experiments showed that benazolin was readily removed from the soil by water.
Investigation on the use of a chelating resin for the extraction of sulphur from soil
Authors: Melville G. E. , Freney J. R. , Williams C. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChelating resins have been used previously for the extraction of several organic soil constituents. Chelex 100 suspensions at pH ∼10.2 were not effective for the extraction of sulphur from selected soils even though the extraction period was extended to 12 days. the maximum amount extracted did not exceed 44% of the total soil sulphur. Very little sulphur was extracted by the resin at pH 7 whereas greater amounts were extracted by sodium pyrophosphate solution at this pH.When the sodium form of the resin, as supplied by the manufacturers, was used, the pH of the resin‐water mixture was approximately 10.2. This high pH appeared to be more important than the chelating ability of the resin in the extraction of sulphur from soil. As with other alkaline extractants, artifact formation may occur when the sodium form of the resin is used to extract soil organic matter.
Comparison of seed proteins of some gramineae
Authors: Ewart J. A. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSeed proteins of some species of the genera Trjticum and Aegilops have been examined by starch‐gel electrophoresis and by the immunological technique of double diffusion. Results suggest there are appreciable structural resemblances between the storage proteins corresponding to the A, B and D genomes. Visco‐elasticity is associated with all three genomes. It is inferred that the appearance of visco‐elastic proteins is not a recent event in the evolution of the Gramineae.
Effect of low concentrations of oxygen on the production of ethylene and on other ripening changes in apple fruit
Authors: Meigh D. F. , Reynolds J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWhen apples were stored at 12° in atmospheres deficient in oxygen it was found that the onset of the climacteric, as indicated by ethylene evolution, was progressively retarded the lower the oxygen content. from the point of view of horticultural technique, One disadvantage of storage in low‐oxygen atmospheres at high temperature lay in the tendency for the fruit to begin alcoholic fermentation.
Determination of nitrite and nitrate in some horticultural and meat products and in samples of soil
Authors: Adriaanse A. , Robbers J. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study of quantitative determination of nitrite and nitrate contents is based on spectrophotometric measurement of the red colour formed when sulphanilic acid is diazotised by the nitrite to be determined and coupled to 1‐naphthylamine‐7‐sulphonic acid (Cleve's acid 1‐7). Nitrate is first reduced to nitrite in a cadmium reducing column.Good results have been obtained with some horticultural and meat products and samples of soil.
Stable banana purée for long‐term refrigerated storage
Authors: Brekke J. E. , Tonaki K. I. , Cavalettot Catherine G. , Frank H. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBanana puree, containing 200 ppm potassium sorbate, was stored under simulated commercial conditions at 45° F. When the flavour quality of this purée was compared with that of puree lacking sorbate, it was found highly acceptable even after 6 months of storage. Sorbate‐supplemented purée showed no gross signs of spoilage and had a low population of yeasts, the predominant spoilage organisms. This product is thus suitable for use in bakery, dairy, and other banana‐flavoured specialty food products.
Mode of action of phenylthiourea, a therapeutic agent for cucumber scab
Authors: Sijpesteijn A. Kaars 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn laboratory tests, phenylthiourea (PTU) induced resistance in cucumber seedlings to infection by spores of cucumber scab (Cladosporium cucumerinum). At the same time it inhibited polyphenol oxidase activity in the plant, increased peroxidase activity, and caused lignification of the cell walls in the parenchyma around the penetrating hyphae of Cladosporum. Possible association and interaction between these effects are discussed.
Analysis of fruit juice by atomic absorption spectrophotometry I.—The determination of iron and tin in canned juice
Authors: Price W. J. , Roos J. T. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAtomic absorption spectrophotometry has been used to compare the concentrations of iron and tin in canned fruit juice with those in juice not stored in cans. No significant difference was found in the level of iron, but the amount of tin was considerably higher in canned samples. The determination is rapid, and no ashing procedure is required.
Semi‐automatic methods of evaluating the quality of tea infusions
Authors: Casson C. B. , Shenton A. Jean 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Roberts & Smith procedure for determining poly phenols and colour in tea infusions has been adapted to semi‐automatic operation at the rate of 40 samples per hour. Several modifications have been made, especially in the theaflavin determination, These have not affected reproducibility, and results by the two methods have shown adequate correlation. Examples are given of the application of the method to the constituents of a tea blend; the optical density values for the blend are predictable from the values for the individual teas. Individual garden teas show wide variations in polyphenol content; these variations have not yet been correlated with organoleptic properties.
Sensory and objective measurements of the quality of frozen stored haddock of different initial freshnesses
Authors: Connell J. J. , Howgate P. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe quality of haddock fillets cut from fish held for different periods in melting ice and then stored in the frozen state at three different temperatures has been assessed on the same samples by a taste panel and by a series of objective tests. The measured changes in the texture and flavour of the fish were compared with changes in objective parameters in order to determine the value of the latter in predicting eating quality. The results for fish caught in the North Sea show that haddock fillets keep less well than cod fillets during frozen storage.
Evaluation of whisky distillery by‐products II.—‐Studies on the in vitro digestibility of malt distiller's grains
Authors: El Hag G. A. , Miller T. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe in vitro digestibility technique has been used to determine the organic matter digestibility (OMD) of dried samples of malt distiller's grains (MDG).The method gave highly reproducible results for OMD of fresh and ensiled samples when different batches of rumen liquor from hay‐fed sheep were used. The results were consistently lower than values determined by in vivo digestibility trials.The OMD values were increased by raising the calcium ion Concentration of the digesta and by extraction of lipids from the MDG samples.The addition of calcium had no effect on fat‐extracted samples of MDG.
Pesticide residues in foodstuffs in Great Britain: XII.—Organochlorine insecticide residues in hens' eggs from battery, deep‐Utter and free‐range systems and from houses containing insecticide thermal vaporisers
Authors: Holmes D. C. , Simmons J. H. , O'G . Tatton J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA study has been made of the organochlorine pesticide residues in hens' eggs produced in battery, deep‐litter and free‐range systems. Low residues (less than 0.05 ppm) were found except where the birds or their houses had been deliberately treated with pesticides to eradicate fleas or lice.A separate study was also made of eggs produced in houses which had insecticide thermal vaporisers installed in them. The results were variable, depending on a number of factors, but relatively high levels of BHC and DDT were found regularly in the eggs from some of these houses.
Use of bipyridyl herbicides in forestry
Authors: Wilson D. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBipyridylium compounds, particularly paraquat, have been developed as herbicides and cultivation tools in forestry. Uses include weed control in nursery beds and transplant lines, chemical screefing in the forest before planting, weed suppression ar sund young trees, and the maintenance of fire‐breaks. Special equipment has been designed to meet these needs.
Studies of some improver effects at high dough temperatures
Authors: Jelaca S. , Dodds N. J. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA number of improvers which can be used successfully in fast breadmaking processes have a large theological effect in tests at the normal dough‐testing temperature of 30°. The exception is potassium bromate which has only a small effect. By raising the dough temperature to 40° or 50°, corresponding to the temperatures reached towards the end of proving and during the early stages of baking, the slow bromate improvement is accelerated and a delayed but large Theological effect can be demonstrated. This delayed high‐temperature effect can account for the successful use of potassium bromate as an improver, either alone or with other compounds, in rapid breadmaking processes. The dough‐softening effects of a bakers' compound fat and of urea were no greater at 50° than at 25°.
Insecticidal activity of pyrethrins and related compounds: II.—Relative toxicity of esters from optical and geometrical isomers of chrysanthemic, pyrethric and related acids and optical isomers of cinerolone and allethrolone
Authors: Elliott M. , Needham P. H. , Potter C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDepartment of Insecticides and Fungicides, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts.The relative toxicities of esters related to the natural pyrethrins and to allethrin were evaluated against Phaedon cochleariae (mustard beetle), Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm beetle), Dysdercus fasciatus (cotton stainer) and Plutella maculipennis (diamond‐back moth) and the results were compared with those of workers who used Musca domestica (housefly).With the insect species used here there were no outstanding reversals of the toxicity ratings established in the studies with M. domestica. However, the toxicities of the esters depended more on the nature of the alcohol when two acids were compared and on the acid component with different alcohols. (+)‐Allethrolone and (+)‐cinerolone gave more toxic esters than their optical isomers but there was less difference than had been found with other insect species between esters from trans‐and cis‐chrysanthemic acids.
Isolation and composition of proteins from leaves of plants grown in Ceylon
Authors: Sentheshanmuganathan S. , Durand Susan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractProteins were isolated from fresh leaves of twelve plant species grown in Ceylon. Contents of total N, non‐protein N and protein N in the original leaves, and protein N in the isolated protein were determined and the percentage extractability of N was calculated. Analyses of the protein isolates for total N, ash, Ca, Fe and all the amino acids are reported.The protein isolates were rich in all but one of the amino acids namely methionine. However, the lysine contents were greater than in some standard proteins. The protein scores were comparable to the standard proteins.The percentage extractability ranged from 9.3 to 91 %. A high proportion of the nitrogen Was found as non‐protein.It was concluded that the proteins from the leaves examined could provide a dietary supplement.
Seed fats of the New Zealand iridaceae
Authors: Morice Isobel M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe seed fats of four species of Libertia, family Iridaceae, have been examined. Those of L, grandiflora, L. ixioides and L. peregrinans are similar to one another and have been found to contain as their predominant fatty acids: 11–22% myristic, 14–21% palmitic, 13–25% oleic and 37–57% linoleic. They differ from the New Zealand Agavaceae, Juncaceae and Liliaceae in containing major amounts of myristic acid. The fourth species L. pulchella contains less than 1 % myristic, 19–26% palmitic, 9–20% oleic and 57–61 % hnoleic acids.
Some factors affecting amylolytic behaviour in Irish flours
Authors: Cork J. G. , Spbllane P. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractExamination of a large number of samples from the 1967 Irish wheat crop indicated departures from the normal relationship between α‐amylase activity as determined by dextrinogenic and by viscometric methods. Comparison of falling numbers and amylograph maxima indicated that these two methods could not be used as equivalent alternatives for the prediction of a‐amylase behaviour. Studies on a series of flour samples covering a wide range of amylase activities showed that differences between the autolytic methods examined were associated with starch properties. Gelling properties at maximum temperatures were found to influence amylograph maxima while susceptibility of the starch to enzyme attack in the early gelatinisation stages was responsible for differences in falling numbers. There was close association between starch pasting viscosities and susceptibility to mechanical damage during milling.
Constitution of leguminous seeds: VII.—Ease of cooking field peas (Pisum sativum L.) in relation to phytic acid content and calcium diffusion
Authors: Rosenbaum T. M. , Baker B. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCooking tests (single pea puncture), phytic acid analyses, water absorption and 45Ca diffusion experiments have been performed on individual peas selected from two samples of field peas (Pisum sativum L.). One sample (Avion brand) was judged by the supplier to have good cooking qualities and the other sample (3CW brand to have poor cooking qualities.The rapid rate of cooking of the interior of the pea, compared with that of the periphaeral region was not associated with a higher phytic acid content. There was no consistent difference between the distribution of 45Ca in Avion and 3CW peas that had been soaked in water containing 45Ca. There was a significant (1 % level) difference between the average loss of solids of Avion and 3CW peas that had been soaked at 25°.Pea plants were injected with 45Ca ind the peas were harvested. Autoradiograms of the radioactive peas demonstrated the movement of calcium in the seed coats and in the cotyledons during cooking.
Toxicity of rapeseed meal and its use as a protein supplement in the diet of two hybrid strains of caged laying hens
Authors: Jackson N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn experiment is described in which extracted Algerian rapeseed meal was included at levels of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20% in the diet of two hybrid strains of caged laying hens.The rapeseed meal was thyrotoxic and this effect, when assessed by thyroid weight per kg of body weight, was more marked for the light‐weight hybrid than for the medium‐weight hybrid birds.The light‐weight hybrids exhibited a high mortality when fed rapeseed meal at a level of 8 % or above in the diet but inclusion of rapeseed meal did not cause increased mortality in the medium‐weight hybrids.The medium‐weight hybrids gave satisfactory egg production when fed up to 16% of dietary rapeseed meal; food conversion efficiency was best with 8% of dietary rapeseed meal, and metabolisable energy conversion (Meal/kg eggs) and the efficiency of utilisation of protein were, satisfactory at all levels of rapeseed meal inclusion. The rapeseed meal used had a standard metabolisable energy content of 1820 kcal/kg at a dry matter content of 89 %.