bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A metaanalysis of studies of the effects of cancer chemotherapy on various domains of cognitive function
Authors: Jansen Catherine E. , Miaskowski Christine , Dodd Marylin , Dowling Glenna , Kramer Joel 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDLittle is known about the effects of chemotherapy on cognitive function. The purposes of this metaanalysis were to estimate the effect sizes for the effect of chemotherapy on each domain of cognitive function and to differentiate effect sizes by each method of comparison of effects (i.e., normative data, control group, or baseline data).METHODSSixteen studies that evaluated cognitive function in chemotherapy patients were included in the study. DSTAT metaanalysis software was used to calculate an effect size and confidence intervals for each neuropsychologic test. Tests were assigned to a specific cognitive domain, and an average effect size was determined for each domain.RESULTSOnly one domain of cognitive function (i.e., visual memory) had significant chemotherapy‐induced impairment across all comparison types. However, when the neuropsychologic test scores of chemotherapy patients were compared with normative data, significant effect sizes were found for four domains of cognitive function (i.e., executive function, information processing speed, verbal memory, visual memory). In addition, significant, albeit small, effect sizes were found for language and verbal memory when chemotherapy patients' test scores were compared with test scores of healthy matched controls. All significant averaged effect sizes were in the negative direction, indicating that mean scores on neuropsychologic tests for patients who had received chemotherapy were on average lower than comparison scores.CONCLUSIONData from this metaanalysis supported the hypothesis that chemotherapy can have a negative impact on cognitive function. However, most deficits in this study ranged from small to moderate and were nonsignificant. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Mononuclear and Polynuclear Chain Complexes of a Series of Multinucleating N/S Donor Ligands
Authors: Ronson Tanya K. , Adams Harry , Ward Michael D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe have prepared a series of five ligands with potentially N,S‐bidentate chelating arms derived from 3‐[2‐(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]pyrazole linked to central aromatic spacers by methylene units. Complexes with a variety of architectures have been obtained, including simple mononuclear complexes and polynuclear chain complexes. The p‐xylyl‐spaced ligand L1 forms one‐dimensional helical coordination polymers with copper(I) and silver(I) ions. These polymers display interligand aromatic stacking interactions within each helical chain. The m‐xylyl‐spaced ligand L2 forms a coordination polymer with copper(I) but a mononuclear complex with the larger silver(I) ion in which the central phenyl ring is involved in an η1 π‐type Ag···C interaction with the AgI. The 3,3′‐biphenyl‐spaced ligand L3 also forms one‐dimensional polymers with silver(I) and copper(I) ions, but in this case the sequence of bridging ligands between one metal centre and the next follows a zig‐zag path rather than being helical. The 1,8‐naphthyl‐spaced ligand L4 only forms mononuclear complexes with copper(I) and silver(I) ions showing that this spacer is not large enough to enforce a bridging coordination mode. The three‐armed ligand L5, prepared from 2,4,6‐tris(bromomethyl)mesitylene, also forms a mononuclear complex with silver(I) ions, where one of the three arms is pendant. However, when excess silver(I) ions are present two of these mononuclear complexes can be assembled into the trinuclear complex [Ag3(L5)2](ClO4)3. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Highly Efficient Synthetic Protocol for Tetrahydropyranylation/Depyranylation of Alcohols and Phenols
Authors: Khan Abu T. , Ghosh Subrata , Choudhury Lokman H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate [Bi(NO3)3·5H2O] is found to be an effective catalyst for both tetrahydropyranylation and depyranylation of alcohols and phenols. Some of the major advantages of this protocol are: non‐aqueous workup, good yields, the involvement of a less‐expensive and nontoxic catalyst, and compatibility in the presence of a large number of other protecting groups. Notably, isopropylidene, benzylidene, and thioacetal groups are also unaffected under the experimental conditions. Remarkably, a selective mono‐protection of diols and primary alcohols can be achieved chemoselectively by employing the same catalyst. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Ultrasound preexposure improves endothelial cell binding and retention on biomaterial surfaces
Authors: Hsu Shan‐hui , Huang Tsung‐bin , Chuang Shang‐chi , Tsai I‐Jine , Chen David C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn spite of the extensive studies regarding the effects of ultrasound on biological systems, the influence of low‐intensity ultrasound on endothelial cells has rarely been investigated. In this work, the effect of ultrasound in improving the binding between endothelial cells and biomaterial substrates was evaluated. Based on the results, low‐intensity ultrasound could change the morphology and matrix secretion of endothelial cells, and such effects persisted when preexposed cells were seeded to another substrate. The cells preexposed to ultrasound were spread further on the substrate. The actin stress fibers of ultrasound‐preexposed cells on RGD‐modified surfaces were especially intense and well oriented. Ultrasound could probably activate cellular integrins and subsequently allow RGD to bind them. A much firmer adhesion of ultrasound‐preexposed endothelial cells to the biomaterial surface coated with the RGD‐containing protein was demonstrated. Finally, polyurethane small‐diameter vascular grafts seeded with ultrasound‐preexposed endothelial cells showed enhanced cell retention on graft surfaces upon flushing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Adsorption behavior of antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 on PMMA
Authors: Yoshinari Masao , Kato Tetsuo , Matsuzaka Kenichi , Hayakawa Tohru , Inoue Takashi , Oda Yutaka , Okuda Katsuji , Shimono Masaki 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAdsorption of antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 on a poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base may serve to prevent biofilm formation, leading to a reduction of denture‐induced stomatitis. This study focused on adsorption behavior of histatin 5 onto PMMA surfaces modified using a cold plasma technique and the effectiveness of histatin 5 adsorption for reducing Candida albicans biofilm formation by the quartz crystal microbalance‐dissipation (QCM‐D) technique. PMMA spin‐coated specimens were treated with oxygen (O2) plasma using a plasma surface modification apparatus. The amount of histatin 5 adsorbed onto the PMMA treated with O2 plasma is more than six times greater than that adsorbed onto untreated PMMA. The degree of histatin 5 adsorption had a negative correlation with the contact angle, whereas that of zeta‐potential showed no significant correlation. XPS analysis revealed that the introduction of the carboxyl and O2 functional groups were observable on the O2 plasma‐treated PMMA. Increased surface hydrophilicity and the formation of the carboxyl could be responsible for histatin 5 adsorption on plasma‐treated PMMA. There is no significant difference between histatin‐adsorbed PMMA and control PMMA for C. albicans initially attached. On the contrary, the amount of C. albicans colonization on histatin‐adsorbed PMMA was significantly less than the control. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
A review of the background, operating parameters and applications of microemulsion liquid chromatography (MELC)
Authors: Marsh A. , Clark B. J. , Altria Kevin D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMicroemulsions are dispersions of nanometre‐sized droplets of an immiscible liquid within another liquid. Droplet formation is facilitated by the addition of surfactants and often also cosurfactants. Microemulsions are classified as either oil‐in‐water (O/W) (oil droplets such as octane dispersed throughout aqueous buffer) or water‐in‐oil (W/O) (aqueous droplets in oil such as hexane). Both microemulsion types have been used as mobile phases for separation in microemulsion HPLC (MELC). There has been a recent increase of interest in this area with new applications and developments such as gradient elution and optimisation of methods using experimental design. O/W microemulsions have been employed as eluents for RP‐HPLC while W/O microemulsions have been used for normal phase chromatography. Separations can have superior speed and efficiency to conventional HPLC modes while offering a unique selectivity with excellent resolution. The capability for quantitative and stability‐indicating analysis has also been demonstrated. Specific advantages include the ability to operate at low UV wavelengths and elimination of the need for an equilibration rinse between gradients. Operational issues associated with the use of MELC have been identified including the need to add salt to the gradient eluent, relatively high back‐pressures and increased need for equipment cleaning compared to conventional RP eluent. This report details the different microemulsion types and compositions used and their reported applications. The use of gradient and isocratic elution is described. The effects on separations of varying operating parameters such as temperature, oil type and concentration, surfactant type and concentration, sample solvent, column type, and organic solvent addition will be discussed and illustrated.
Methacrylate‐based chromatographic media
Authors: Benes̆ Milan J. , Horák Daniel , Svec Frantisek 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis review summarizes the preparation and application of chromatographic separation media based on methacrylate monomers with a major focus on highly crosslinked macroporous beads prepared from 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, respectively. The effects of process variables such as composition of the polymerization mixture that includes monomers, porogenic solvents, and free radical initiator, suspension stabilizer, reaction temperature, and stirring are detailed for both classical and templated suspension polymerization. In addition, specific features of the preparation of monodisperse beads are also discussed. The performance of methacrylate‐based separation media is demonstrated on numerous separations in a variety of chromatographic modes.
Applications of capillary electrophoresis on microchip
Authors: Dolnik Vladislav , Liu Shaorong 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCE on microchip is an emerging separation technique that has attracted wide attention and gained considerable popularity. Because of miniaturization of the separation format, CE on chip typically offers shorter analysis time and lower reagent consumption with potential development of portable analytical instrumentation. This review with 143 references is focused on proteins and peptides analysis, DNA separation including fragment sizing, genotyping, mutation detection and sequencing, and also the analysis of low‐molecular‐weight compounds, namely explosive residues and warfare agents, pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse, and various small molecules in body fluids.
Thermoreversible gelation with hydrogen‐bonded zipper‐like crosslink junctions
Authors: Tamura Yunoshin , Tanaka Fumihiko 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThermoreversible gelation of polymer chains bearing hydrogen‐bonding functional groups is studied by off‐lattice Monte Carlo simulation with semiflexible bead‐and‐spring model chains. To see the formation of zipper‐like sequential crosslink junctions (domino effect), we introduce stabilization energy −Δε between the nearest neighboring hydrogen‐bonded beads along a chain in addition to the ordinary pairwise hydrogen‐bond energy −ε. It is found that the condition nθ/$\bar{\zeta}$ = 2 is fulfilled at the sol/gel transition point, where $\bar{\zeta}$ is the average zipper length, θ the zipper content per chain, and n the total number of beads on a chain. It is also shown that, at low temperature, zipper growth dominates the nucleation of new zippers, and as a result, there is another transition from a three‐dimensional network to a pairwisely bound state (network/pair transition). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3331–3336, 2005
Cracking in polylactide spherulites
Authors: Fraschini Carole , Plesu Rodica , Sarasua Jose‐Ramon , Prud'homme Robert E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA polylactide of high optical purity was crystallized between 100 and 140 °C, in‐between two glass slides, and its morphology was investigated by polarizing optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, during subsequent heating and cooling cycles between −15 °C and the crystallization temperature. It was found that dark circular rings show up on cooling on top of the spherulites and represent cracks of about 300 nm in width. This phenomenon is completely reversible, and the heating–cooling curves are centered at about 56 °C, which coincide with the Tg of polylactide. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3308–3315, 2005
Investigation of shear failure mechanisms of pressure‐sensitive adhesives
Authors: Sosson Franck , Chateauminois Antoine , Creton Costantino 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe report new experiments investigating the failure mechanisms in shear, of thin layers of acrylic pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSA). We have developed a novel experimental device able to shear a soft adhesive layer confined between a rigid hemispherical lens and a rigid glass substrate. Using the resources of in situ contact visualization, the nonhomogeneous deformation of the layer and the shear failure processes were observed optically. Depending on the rheological properties of the adhesive, ratios of the contact radius over the layer thickness of 10–30 were achieved, mimicking well the contact conditions encountered in a thin adhesive layer within a joint. When the adhesive was weakly crosslinked, we observed a fluid‐like behavior and could measure a reasonable value for the viscosity of the PSA, implying that flow can occur in the layer and failure will occur by creep. On the other hand, for a more crosslinked adhesive, closer to what is used in applications, a stick‐slip peeling behavior was observed, which involves a coupling between peeling mechanisms at the leading edge of the contact and interfacial slippage. Such a process suggests a failure by fracture rather than by creep. Interestingly, the peeling mechanisms and the associated stress levels change significantly when the layer becomes as thin as 20 μm, implying a fracture process that is controlled by a critical energy release rate in shear GIIc rather than by a critical shear stress causing failure of the interfacial bonds. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3316–3330, 2005
First‐principles study of the pressure‐induced α → ω transition in titanium
Authors: Jona F. , Marcus P. M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe pressure‐induced transition from the α to the ω‐phase of Ti is studied with first‐principles total‐energy calculations by a procedure that finds the equilibrium structures of each phase directly as a function of pressure from minima of the Gibbs free energy. Good to excellent agreement with experiment is found for the lattice parameters of the two phases both at zero pressure and as functions of pressure up to 900 kbar. The Gibbs free energies of the two phases at zero temperature and without zero‐point energy cross at about 500 kbar and then again at 700 kbar. Below 500 and above 700 kbar the α‐phase has the lower free energy. Thus, unlike previous theoretical treatments, but in agreement with experiment, our procedure finds the α‐phase more stable than the ω‐phase below 500 kbar. The α → ω transition pressure of 500 kbar is much higher than observed experimentally. Possible reasons for this discrepancy, as well as for the non‐observance of the re‐entrant α‐phase above 700 kbar are presented. The importance of the zero‐point energy in determining the ground‐state phase and transition pressure is noted. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical anisotropy and gas sensing properties of ordered porphyrin films
Authors: Bussetti G. , Corradini C. , Goletti C. , Chiaradia P. , Russo M. , Paolesse R. , Di Natale C. , D'Amico A. , Valli L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractOrdered films of porphyrins are routinely obtained by Langmuir–Blodgett technique, with a thickness control at the level of a single monolayer. The study of their optical anisotropy by reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) has evidenced an interesting modification of the spectral line shape around the Soret band of the porphyrin layer after a certain critical thickness has been deposited onto the substrate. This finding has been connected to a structural modification of the film, although a detailed model was lacking until now. Recently, a new theoretical study based on the local field interaction has proposed to explain the RAS spectra in terms of the orientation of the molecules in a layer, that would change from layer to layer as the system is assembled. In order to test the model, we have collected new experimental data studying the modification of the optical anisotropy during exposure of the film to a gas (ethanol), mimicking the application for gas sensing analysis. The results show that the model is adequate to describe the real system: reordering of the layer during or after growth originates the anomalous spectra. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quasiparticle and excitonic effects in the optical spectra of diamond, SiC, Si, GaP, GaAs, InP, and AlN
Authors: Hahn P. H. , Seino K. , Schmidt W. G. , Furthmüller J. , Bechstedt F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe demonstrate the potential of recently developed electronic‐structure methods for the calculation of the optical properties of solids. As prototypical examples semiconductors crystallizing in diamond or zinc‐blende structure are studied. The many‐body effects are fully taken into account by a solution of the combined Dyson and Bethe‐Salpeter equations. We show that an initial‐value formulation of the polarization function allows for an efficient numerical calculation of the optical susceptibility. The effect of the renormalization of electrons and holes to quasiparticles is shown for both the band structure and the optical spectrum. In addition, excitonic effects are identified to remarkably influence the optical absorption. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy transition in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films
Authors: Ziese Michael 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe in‐plane magnetic anisotropy of an epitaxial manganite La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 film on SrTiO3 was measured. A rotation of the easy axis direction from [110] below 330 K to [100] above was observed. The first order magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant was determined and shows a zero crossing at 330 K. The coercive field has a plateau‐structure in this temperature range. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cardiac contractility modulation by non‐excitatory currents: Studies in isolated cardiac muscle
Authors: Brunckhorst Corinna B. , Shemer Isaac , Mika Yuval , Ben‐Haim Shlomo A. , Burkhoff Daniel 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground:Myocardial contractility can be altered using voltage clamp techniques by modulating amplitude and duration of the action potential resulting in enhanced calcium entry in the cell of isolated muscle strips (Non‐Excitatory Currents; NEC). Extracellular electrical stimuli delivered during the absolute refractory period (Cardiac Contractility Modulation; CCM) have recently been shown to produce inotropic effects in‐vivo.Aim:Understanding the cellular mechanism, underlying the CCM effect, is essential for evaluating its clinical potential. We tested the hypothesis that NEC and CCM modulate contractility via similar cellular mechanisms.Methods:Square wave electric currents were applied in the organ bath to isometrically contracting rabbit RV papillary muscle and human failing trabecular muscle during the absolute refractory period (ARP).Results:These currents, which did not initiate new action potentials or contractions, modulated action potential duration (shortened or lengthened) and contractility (enhanced or depressed) in a manner that depended upon their amplitude, duration and delay from the pacing stimulus. The contractility modulation effect in the rabbit RV papillary muscle was markedly blunted after exposure to ryanodine, indicating that the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in the contractility modulation.Conclusion:Like voltage clamping, extracellular currents applied during the ARP can similarly modulate action potential duration in‐vitro and modulate myocardial contractility by similar intracellular mechanisms. This concept provides the potential of a therapeutic strategy in patients with heart failure to enhance contractility.
HKF‐R 10 – Screening for predicting chronicity in acute low back pain (LBP): A prospective clinical trial
Authors: Neubauer Eva , Junge Astrid , Pirron Peter , Seemann Hanne , Schiltenwolf Marcus 
Published: October 2005

AbstractStudy design Prospective cohort study.Objectives To develop a short instrument to reliably predict chronicity in low back pain (LBP).Summary of background data Health care expenditures on the treatment of low back pain continue to increase. It is therefore important to prevent the development of chronicity. In Germany, there is at present no early risk assessment tool to predict the risk of developing chronic LBP for patients presenting with acute LBP. Undertaken in an orthopedic practice setting, this study examined known risk factors for chronicity. It resulted in the development of a short questionnaire that successfully predicted the course of chronicity with an accuracy of 78%.Methods A cohort of 192 orthopaedic outpatients was assessed for clinical, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive parameters bsed on a self‐report test battery of 167 established items predictive for chronicity in LBP. Chronicity was defined as back pain persisting for longer than six months. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of all items significantly associated with the dependent variable.Results The study found the following items to have the strongest predictive value in the development of chronicity: “How strong was your back pain during the last week when it was most tolerable?” and the question “How much residual pain would you be willing to tolerate while still considering the therapy successful?” These were followed by the variables for “Duration of existing LBP” (more than eight days), the patient's educational level (low levels are related to higher risks of chronicity) and pain being experienced elsewhere in the body.Other significant factors were five items assessing depression (Zung) and the palliative effect of therapeutic massage (where a positive correlation was found). Female patients have a higher risk for chronicity, as do patients with a high total score on the scales assessing “catastrophizing thoughts” and thoughts of “helplessness”.Conclusion Using the items listed above, the study was able to predict a patient's risk of developing chronic LBP with a probability of 78%. These items were assembled in a brief questionnaire and were paired with a corresponding evaluative tool. This enables practitioners to assess an individual patient's risk for chronicity by means of a simple calculator in just a few minutes. A validation study for the questionnaire is currently being prepared.Mini abstract The objective of this study was the development of a brief questionnaire to assess the risk for chronicity for LBP.