bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPARC Gene Polymorphism in Renal Transplant Patients With Gingival Overgrowth
Authors: Drozdzik A. , Kurzawski M. , Kozak M. , Banach J. , Drozdzik M. 
Published: October 2007

Background: Gingival enlargement frequently occurs in transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. It was hypothesized that gingival enlargement associated with cyclosporin use results from increases in the number of fibroblasts and the volume of extracellular matrix. SPARC (secreted protein, acidic, and rich in cysteine) regulates cell–matrix interactions, binding to structural matrix proteins, and is induced by cyclosporin A (CsA). The aim of the study was to determine whether there is an association between SPARC genotypes and gingival enlargement in kidney transplant patients given CsA.Methods: Sixty‐two unrelated kidney transplant patients with gingival overgrowth and 124 control transplant patients without overgrowth were enrolled into the study. Gingival overgrowth was assessed at 6 months after transplantation. All patients were given CsA as a principal immunosuppressive agent during the post‐transplant period. SPARC polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragments length polymorphism assay.Results: In kidney transplant patients with gingival overgrowth, the mean score of gingival overgrowth was 1.42 ± 0.63, whereas in control subjects it was 0. The distribution of SPARC 998C>G alleles among all kidney transplant patients, as well as in the two study subgroups, did not differ significantly from Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. The frequencies of the 998G allele (24.2% versus 18.5%) and of 998G allele carriers (40.3% versus 33.1%) among individuals with gingival overgrowth was higher compared to the control group, but the differences did not reach the statistical difference. The risk for gingival overgrowth was highest among patients carrying the 998GG genotype (OR 2.25), but it did not differ significantly from the risks associated with the other genotypes.Conclusion: No association between SPARC gene polymorphism and gingival overgrowth was revealed in kidney transplant patients who were administered CsA.
Sarcoidosis Affecting the Periodontium: A Long‐Term Follow‐Up Case
Authors: Moretti Antonio J. , Fiocchi Maria F. , Flaitz Catherine M. 
Published: October 2007

Background: Clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis affecting the periodontium could mimic aggressive periodontitis. This case report documents the occurrence of sarcoidosis affecting the periodontium, including its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and 6‐year follow‐up.Methods: An individual with a history of pulmonary sarcoidosis was referred for evaluation and treatment of an aggressive periodontal condition. Clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings supported the diagnosis of sarcoidosis affecting the periodontium. Initial treatment consisted of reinforcement of oral hygiene, scaling and root planing, chlorhexidine rinses, and periodontal maintenance. The systemic disease was managed with prednisone, alendronate, and losartan. Twelve months later, the patient returned with severe attachment loss of sudden onset and gingival recession affecting the facial right surfaces of maxillary posterior teeth. In addition, he complained of chronic pain of moderate to severe intensity involving both jaws. The affected teeth were extracted and the surrounding alveolar bone was debrided. Intraoral sarcoidosis was confirmed by histologic findings, and his medications were changed to methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine.Results: The patient has been followed for 6 years with continuation of the systemic medications and periodontal maintenance every 3 to 4 months without recurrence of intraoral sarcoidosis.Conclusions: The main features of this unique periodontal presentation were pain, rapidly progressive gingival recession, and significant changes in alveolar bone density in focal areas. Careful review of medical history and close monitoring of intraoral conditions are critical for patients with a history of sarcoidosis. An intraoral biopsy is necessary to confirm a definitive diagnosis in cases with similar clinical findings.
Clinical Attachment Loss, Systemic Bone Density, and Subgingival Calculus in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Brennan Renee M. , Genco Robert J. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Trevisan Maurizio , Wactawski‐Wende Jean 
Published: October 2007

Background: Results of several studies investigating associations between systemic bone density and clinical attachment loss (CAL) of the soft tissue surrounding the teeth have varied. We investigated these associations in a relatively large study while evaluating potential confounding factors and effect modification by subgingival calculus and age.Methods: In a cross‐sectional study of 1,329 postmenopausal women recruited from the Buffalo Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, systemic bone density was measured at the spine, hip, forearm, and whole body by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, and a complete oral health examination was conducted.Results: We found the strongest associations between systemic bone density and CAL among women without subgingival calculus. Results were adjusted for age, cigarette smoking, education, and time since last dental cleaning. Presence or absence of subgingival calculus was a strong effect modifier. Among women without subgingival calculus, there were consistent inverse associations between systemic bone mineral density (BMD) and CAL (total forearm BMD β = −1.308; P = 0.001). Among women with subgingival calculus, there were no associations between systemic BMD and CAL (total forearm BMD β = −0.153; P = 0.677).Conclusions: Our results provide evidence of an association between osteoporosis and one measure of periodontal disease severity, CAL. The associations between bone density, CAL, and subgingival calculus require further research, particularly in longitudinal studies.
Effects of Surface Hydrophilicity and Microtopography on Early Stages of Soft and Hard Tissue Integration at Non‐Submerged Titanium Implants: An Immunohistochemical Study in Dogs
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Ferrari Daniel , Herten Monika , Mihatovic Ilja , Wieland Marco , Sager Martin , Becker Jürgen 
Published: October 2007

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of surface hydrophilicity and microtopography on soft and hard tissue integration at non‐submerged titanium implants.Methods: Implantation of conventional sand‐blasted large grit and acid‐etched (SLA) and chemically modified SLA (modSLA) titanium implants with differently structured transmucosal surfaces (SLA implants: machined [M‐SLA] or SLA [SLA‐SLA]; modSLA implants: mod acid‐etched [modA] [modA‐modSLA] or modSLA [modSLA‐modSLA]) was performed bilaterally in the upper and lower jaws of 15 beagle dogs. The animals were sacrificed after 1, 4, 7, 14, or 28 days. Tissue reactions were assessed histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies to transglutaminase II (angiogenesis) and osteocalcin.Results: Although the junctional epithelium commonly was separated from M‐SLA and SLA‐SLA implants by a gap, the epithelial cells appeared to be in close contact with modA‐modSLA surfaces after 14 days of healing. Moreover, modA‐modSLA and modSLA‐modSLA groups showed a well‐vascularized subepithelial connective tissue exhibiting collagen fibers that started to extend and attach partially perpendicular to the implant surface. The highest and statistically significant mean bone‐to‐implant contact areas were observed in the modA‐modSLA and modSLA‐modSLA groups at days 7, 14, and 28.Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it may be concluded that soft and hard tissue integration was influenced mainly by surface hydrophilicity rather than by microtopography.
Effects of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation on the Root Surface: Morphologic Analysis and Efficiency of Calculus Removal
Authors: Ting Chun‐Chan , Fukuda Mitsuo , Watanabe Tomohisa , Aoki Tsunehiro , Sanaoka Atushi , Noguchi Toshihide 
Published: October 2007

Background: This in vitro study was performed to determine the appropriate power output setting for an erbium, chromium‐doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser used in periodontal pocket irradiation by examining the morphologic alterations of the root surfaces and the efficiency of calculus removal.Methods: Sixty‐five non‐carious extracted human teeth were used in this study. For morphologic analysis of the root surface, the clean, single roots of 22 teeth were separated into 91 pieces, and these pieces were immersed in acrylic resin. The specimens with root‐surface exposure were prepared and divided randomly into three groups: a control group (N = 8), an irradiation without water group (no water [NW] group; N = 39), and an irradiation in water to simulate the conditions in a periodontal pocket group (in water [IW] group; N = 44). The power output settings for laser irradiation were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 W for each group. The roughness (Ra), depth (Z), and width (X) of the disk specimens were determined after laser irradiation. Eight other single‐rooted teeth were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after laser irradiation under the same conditions. Thirty‐five single‐ or multirooted teeth with heavy subgingival calculus were used to test the efficiency of laser scaling. The efficiency of calculus removal was quantified by measuring the time needed to remove the calculus completely using the laser.Results: The mean Ra and Z values in the IW group were significantly higher than in the NW group with the same power output. In addition, these values with 0.5‐ and 1.0‐W power output settings were significantly lower than with 1.5‐ and 2.0‐W settings in the NW and IW groups. No obvious morphologic differences could be found between the 0.5‐ and 1.0‐W power output specimens under SEM. Additionally, thermal alterations, i.e., carbonization or melting, were completely absent in the IW group. Regarding the efficiency of calculus removal, the 0.5‐W setting (0.11 ± 0.036 mm2/second) was significantly inferior to the 1.0‐W setting (0.27 ± 0.043 mm2/second). However, there was no significant difference between 1.0‐ and 1.5‐W (0.36 ± 0.11 mm2/second). The 2.0‐W setting (0.63 ± 0.272 mm2/second) was much more efficient but resulted in significant morphologic alterations.Conclusions: Based on these findings, it is appropriate to use a 1.0‐W power output setting with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser for root scaling. This may be done without any conspicuous morphologic alterations to the root surface and with acceptably efficient removal of calculus.
Oral Administration of Vitamin C Prevents Alveolar Bone Resorption Induced by High Dietary Cholesterol in Rats
Authors: Sanbe Toshihiro , Tomofuji Takaaki , Ekuni Daisuke , Azuma Tetsuji , Tamaki Naofumi , Yamamoto Tatsuo 
Published: October 2007

Background: A high‐cholesterol diet stimulates alveolar bone resorption, which may be induced via tissue oxidative damage. Vitamin C reduces tissue oxidative damage by neutralizing free radicals and scavenging hydroxyl radicals, and its antioxidant effect may offer the clinical benefit of preventing alveolar bone resorption in cases of hyperlipidemia. We examined whether vitamin C could suppress alveolar bone resorption in rats fed a high‐cholesterol diet.Methods: In this 12‐week study, rats were divided into four groups: a control group (fed a regular diet) and three experimental groups (fed a high‐cholesterol diet supplemented with 0, 1, or 2 g/l vitamin C). Vitamin C was provided by adding it to the drinking water. The bone mineral density of the alveolar bone was analyzed by microcomputerized tomography. As an index of tissue oxidative damage, the 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine level in the periodontal tissue was determined using a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Hyperlipidemia, induced by a high‐cholesterol diet, decreased rat alveolar bone density and increased the number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase–positive osteoclasts. The expression of 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine was upregulated in the periodontal tissues. Intake of vitamin C reduced the effect of a high‐cholesterol diet on alveolar bone density and osteoclast differentiation and decreased periodontal 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine expression.Conclusion: In the rat model, vitamin C suppressed alveolar bone resorption, induced by high dietary cholesterol, by decreasing the oxidative damage of periodontal tissue.
In Vitro Biologic Response of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells to Enamel Matrix Derivative
Authors: Guida Luigi , Annunziata Marco , Carinci Francesco , Di Feo Angelo , Passaro Irene , Oliva Adriana 
Published: October 2007

Background: In vitro investigations suggest that enamel matrix derivative (EMD) may affect the biologic response of periodontal‐related cells, including osteoblasts and their precursors, the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), which could play a crucial role in the regenerative process. In this study, we investigated the effects of EMD on human BMSCs.Methods: Primary cultures of BMSCs were obtained from bone marrow samples of healthy donors. Cell proliferation and osteogenic marker expression in response to serial dilutions of EMD (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/ml) were assessed. Cell growth was measured by 3H‐thymidine incorporation and type I collagen synthesis by immunoblotting. Alkaline phosphatase (AP)‐specific activity in the early phase (7 days), in vitro mineralization by von Kossa staining and calcium quantification, and osteocalcin levels at prolonged times (3 weeks) also were evaluated.Results: EMD stimulated BMSC growth in a dose‐dependent manner. When EMD 50 μg/ml was followed over time, the highest proliferative effect was evident at 24 hours (3.4‐fold of the control). Type I collagen level was significantly lower than the control after a 7‐day incubation with EMD 50 μg/ml. AP activity was reduced in a dose‐dependent manner down to 55% of the control. Also, the extracellular matrix mineralization decreased in EMD‐treated cells with respect to the control, whereas only a slight, not significant, decrease in osteocalcin levels was found.Conclusions: EMD significantly increased BMSC growth and simultaneously decreased their osteogenic differentiation. The clinical efficacy of EMD in regenerating periodontal tissues can be attributed, in part, to the biologic effects exerted on the bone marrow stromal component of resident cells.
Comparison of Periodontal and Socioeconomic Status Between Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non‐Diabetic Controls
Authors: Javed Fawad , Näsström Karin , Benchimol Daniel , Altamash Mohammad , Klinge Björn , Engström Per‐Erik 
Published: October 2007

Background: The association among periodontal conditions, socioeconomic status (SES), and diabetes has been reported. However, there is a lack of published data comparing periodontal conditions among individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The aim of the present study was to compare the periodontal conditions and SES between subjects with T2D and non‐diabetic controls.Methods: A total of 75 (31 males and 44 females) individuals with T2D (62 poorly controlled and 13 well‐controlled) and 99 non‐diabetic patients (healthy controls; 51 males and 48 females) participated in the study. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were investigated. Random blood glucose level was recorded. Premolar and molar marginal bone loss (MBL) was measured digitally on scanned orthopantomograms.Results: Individuals with poorly controlled T2D had increased MBL in molars and maxillary premolars (P <0.05) compared to individuals with well‐controlled T2D. PI, BOP, and PD of 4 to <6 mm were increased in individuals with poorly controlled T2D compared to those with well‐controlled T2D (P <0.001). There was no difference between the diabetic groups when PD was ≥6 mm. Individuals with poorly controlled T2D had a lower SES compared to patients with well‐controlled T2D (P <0.05). Illiteracy and the number of missing teeth were not different between the groups.Conclusions: Radiologic and clinical indicators of periodontal destruction were increased in individuals with poorly controlled T2D. Low SES aggravated the periodontal condition in individuals with T2D.
Microbiologic Changes Following Administration of Locally Delivered Doxycycline in Smokers: A 15‐Month Follow‐Up
Authors: Shaddox Luciana M. , Andia Denise Carleto , Casati Marcio Zaffalon , Nociti Francisco Humberto , Sallum Enilson Antonio , Gollwitzer Jennifer , Walker Clay B. 
Published: October 2007

Background: Additional clinical benefits have been reported with the use of locally delivered antimicrobials in the treatment of smokers; however, long‐term changes in the subgingival microbiota following the use of these drugs in smokers have not been documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate long‐term microbiologic changes following locally delivered doxycycline in the treatment of smokers.Methods: Sixteen smokers with chronic periodontitis presenting a minimum of four pockets (probing depth ≥5 mm) were selected. Patients were assigned randomly to receive scaling and root planing (SRP) or SRP and local doxycycline (SRP‐D). Patients were treated at baseline and 12 months. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline; 3, 6, and 12 months; and 45 and 90 days following retreatment. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA–DNA hybridization analyses were performed to detect the presence of selected periodontal pathogens.Results: The reduction in the number of sites positive for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis) was statistically significant for SRP‐D at 3 months (68% and 41.3%, respectively) and for SRP at 6 months (75% and 52%, respectively) following treatment. The SRP group showed a greater frequency of P. gingivalis than the SRP‐D group at 3 months (58% and 25%, respectively). There also was a greater reduction in the frequency of P. gingivalis at 3 months following retreatment with SRP‐D compared to SRP (47% and 8%, respectively).Conclusion: In smokers, adjunctive local doxycycline resulted in a greater reduction in the frequency of P. gingivalis following initial and supportive therapy compared to conventional treatment.
Serious Psychological Distress Among Parenting and Nonparenting Adults
Authors: Herman-Stahl Mindy , Ashley Olivia Silber , Penne Michael A. , Bauman Karl E. , Weitzenkamp David , Aldridge Molly , Gfroerer Joseph C. 
Published: October 2007

Objectives. We compared the prevalence of serious psychological distress among parenting adults with the prevalence among nonparenting adults and the sociodemographic correlates of serious psychological distress between these 2 populations. Methods. We drew data from 14240 parenting adults and 19224 nonparenting adults who responded to the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We used logistic regression procedures in our analysis. Results. An estimated 8.9% of parenting adults had serious psychological distress in the prior year compared with 12.0% of nonparenting adults of similar age. In both groups, the adjusted odds of having serious psychological distress were higher among adults who were women, younger (between the ages of 18 and 44 years), low income, or receiving Medicaid. We found some differences in the correlates of serious psychological distress between parenting adults and nonparenting adults. The odds of having serious psychological distress were lower among parenting adults after we controlled for demographic characteristics. Conclusions. Serious psychological distress is fairly prevalent among parenting adults, and high-risk sociodemographic groups of parenting adults should be targeted to ensure access to coordination of services.
Relationships Between Skin Color, Income, and Blood Pressure Among African Americans in the CARDIA Study
Authors: Sweet Elizabeth , McDade Thomas W. , Kiefe Catarina I. , Liu Kiang 
Published: October 2007

Objectives. We explored how income and skin color interact to influence the blood pressure of African American adults enrolled in the longitudinal Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Methods. Data were derived from 1893 African American CARDIA year-15 participants who had undergone skin reflectance assessments at year 7. We adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, and use of antihypertensive medication to examine whether year-15 self-reported family incomes, in interaction with skin reflectance, predicted blood pressure levels. Results. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were 117.1 (±16.07) and 76.9 (±12.5) mm Hg, respectively. After adjustment, the interaction between skin reflectance and income was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (P< .01). Among lighter-skinned African Americans, systolic pressure decreased as income increased (b= −1.15, P<.001); among those with darker skin, systolic blood pressure increased with increasing income (b=0.10, P=.75). Conclusions. The protective gradient of income on systolic blood pressure seen among African Americans with lighter skin is not observed to the same degree among those with darker skin. Psychosocial stressors, including racial discrimination, may play a role in this relationship.
Health Status, Health Care Use, Medication Use, and Medication Adherence Among Homeless and Housed People Living With HIV/AIDS
Authors: Kidder Daniel P. , Wolitski Richard J. , Campsmith Michael L. , Nakamura Glenn V. 
Published: October 2007

Objectives. We sought to compare health status, health care use, HIV anti-retroviral medication use, and HIV medication adherence among homeless and housed people with HIV/AIDS. Methods. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional, multisite behavioral survey of adults (N=7925) recently reported to be HIV positive. Results. At the time interviews were conducted, 304 respondents (4%) were homeless. Self-ratings of mental, physical, and overall health revealed that the health status of homeless respondents was poorer than that of housed respondents. Also, homeless respondents were more likely to be uninsured, to have visited an emergency department, and to have been admitted to a hospital. Homeless respondents had lower CD4 counts, were less likely to have taken HIV anti-retroviral medications, and were less adherent to their medication regimen. Homeless respondents needed more HIV social and medical services, but nearly all respondents in both groups had received needed services. Housing status remained a significant predictor of health and medication outcomes after we controlled for potential confounding variables. Conclusions. Homeless people with HIV/AIDS are at increased risk of negative health outcomes, and housing is a potentially important mechanism for improving the health of this vulnerable group.
WAR & Military Mental Health
Authors: Pols Hans , Oak Stephanie 
Published: October 2007

Involvement in warfare can have dramatic consequences for the mental health and well-being of military personnel. During the 20th century, US military psychiatrists tried to deal with these consequences while contributing to the military goal of preserving manpower and reducing the debilitating impact of psychiatric syndromes by implementing screening programs to detect factors that predispose individuals to mental disorders, providing early intervention strategies for acute war-related syndromes, and treating long-term psychiatric disability after deployment. The success of screening has proven disappointing, the effects of treatment near the front lines are unclear, and the results of treatment for chronic postwar syndromes are mixed. After the Persian Gulf War, a number of military physicians made innovative proposals for a population-based approach, anchored in primary care instead of specialty-based care. This approach appears to hold the most promise for the future.