bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caspase‐8 levels correlate with the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 in high‐grade but not lower grade neuroblastoma
Authors: Muscat Andrea , Hawkins Christine , Ashley David M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Previous studies in advanced‐stage neuroblastoma (NB) have shown a link between the silencing of caspase‐8 and methylation of a regulatory region at the boundary between caspase‐8 exon 3 and intron 3. However, a number of recent studies from NB cell lines have shown that the transcriptional regulation of caspase‐8 may reside with interferon γ‐sensitive promoters through the action of transcription factors, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT‐1). In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that there is a correlation between caspase‐8 and STAT‐1 protein expression levels that may be linked to methylation of the regulatory elements of either of these genes.METHODS.Thirty clinical tumor samples of all stages, including 13 samples from patients with Stage 4 disease, were analyzed by quantitative immunoblotting for caspase‐8 and STAT‐1. The DNA methylation status of putative caspase‐8 and STAT‐1 regulatory elements were determined by bisulfite‐modified sequencing analysis.RESULTS.A significant correlation was observed between caspase‐8 and STAT‐1 protein levels in Stage 4 NB samples but not in lower stage NB samples. Caspase‐8 and STAT‐1 protein levels varied widely across all stages of NB and did not correlate with methylation of these genes.CONCLUSIONS.A strong correlation was observed between STAT‐1 levels and caspase‐8 levels in clinical Stage 4 NB. This suggests that STAT‐1 or similar transcription factors, and not methylation, may play a role in controlling caspase‐8 levels in this illness. No evidence of such a correlation between caspase‐8 and STAT‐1 levels was observed in lower clinical stages, suggesting that mechanisms controlling caspase‐8 expression in NB vary with clinical stage. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Comprehensive long‐term follow‐up programs for pediatric cancer survivors
Authors: Aziz Noreen M. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Brooks Sandra , Turoff Alicia J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.The objective of this study was to provide a detailed description of comprehensive long‐term follow‐up (LTFU) programs for pediatric cancer survivors.METHODS.Program directors from 24 comprehensive LTFU programs in the U.S. and Canada completed a 6‐page survey that provided details in 5 categories: description of the program, perceived benefits and strengths of the program, barriers to the development and use of the program, methods to improve the program, and an ideal model of care for pediatric cancer survivors.RESULTS.Participants identified the following primary benefits to health care delivered to survivors through LTFU programs: health care delivered by clinicians familiar with long‐term risks of survivors, provision of risk‐based screening and surveillance for late effects, and targeted education for risk reduction and healthy lifestyles. Key barriers to the functioning of LTFU programs included system‐ driven and patient/survivor‐driven factors. System‐driven factors included inadequate resources and finances to sustain programs, low institutional commitment toward the provision of survivorship care, lack of capacity to care for the growing population of survivors, and difficulties with ongoing communication with community physicians. Survivor‐driven barriers included lack of interest and lack of awareness of cancer‐related risks.CONCLUSIONS.This report describes the frequency, content, and setting of follow‐up care delivered by pediatric comprehensive LTFU programs. Critical challenges as survivorship care evolves will include integrating a structured process of program evaluation and building capacity for care. Cancer 2006. Published 2006 by the American Cancer Society
An instrumentation technique for online analysis of multithreaded programs
Authors: Roşu Grigore , Sen Koushik 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper presents an automatic code instrumentation technique, based onmultithreaded vector clocks, for extracting the causal partial order on relevant state update events from a running multithreaded program. This technique is used in a formal testing environment, not only to detect, but especially topredict safety errorsin multithreaded programs. The prediction process consists of rigorously analyzing other potential executions that are consistent with the causal partial order: some of these can be erroneous despite the fact that the particular observed execution was successful. The technique has been implemented as part of a Java program analysis tool. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO Combustion on Supported Gold Clusters
Authors: Arenz Matthias , Landman Uzi , Heiz Ueli 
Published: August 2006

AbstractRecent progress in the understanding of the fascinating catalysis of CO combustion by supported gold particles is summarized. Focusing on size‐selected gold clusters consisting of only a few atoms, that is, the size regime with properties nonscalable from the bulk properties, we discuss the current knowledge of the different factors controlling the reactivity at the molecular level. These factors include the role of the oxide support, its defects, cluster charging as well as the structural fluxionality of clusters, the cluster size dependency, and the promotional effect of water. By combining experimental results with quantum mechanical ab initio calculations, a detailed picture of the reaction mechanism emerges. While similar mechanisms might be active for gold nanoparticles in the scalable size regime, it is shown that for different systems (defined by the cluster size, the support, experimental conditions, etc.) the reaction mechanism differs and, hence, no generalized explanation for the catalytic driving force of small gold particles can be given.
Mechanism‐Based Inactivation of Coenzyme B12‐Dependent 2‐Methyleneglutarate Mutase by (Z)‐Glutaconate and Buta‐1,3‐diene‐2,3‐dicarboxylate
Authors: Buckel Wolfgang , Pierik Antonio J. , Plett Sandra , Alhapel Ashraf , Suarez Diana , Tu Shang‐min , Golding Bernard T. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn the presence of holo 2‐methyleneglutarate mutase, buta‐1,3‐diene‐2,3‐dicarboxylate and (Z)‐glutaconate [(Z)‐pent‐2‐ene‐1,5‐dicarboxylate], but not (E)‐glutaconate, each induced homolysis of the Co–C bond of coenzyme B12 to afford cob(II)alamin and the 5′‐deoxyadenosyl radical. The latter probably added to the double bond in (Z)‐glutaconate and one of the double bonds in buta‐1,3‐diene‐2,3‐dicarboxylate to afford a corresponding “radical adduct”. The formation of new radicals and cob(II)alamin was diagnosed by UV/Visible and EPR spectroscopy. (Z)‐Glutaconate rapidly inactivated the mutase with formation of aquocobalamin, which was possibly derived by electron transfer from cob(II)alamin to the radical adduct. In contrast, buta‐1,3‐diene‐2,3‐dicarboxylate was a much slower inactivator. In this case, the spectroscopic data revealed a relatively stable complex of the radical adduct with cob(II)alamin in the active site of the enzyme. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Total Synthesis of the Cytotoxic Guaipyridine Sesquiterpene Alkaloid (+)‐Cananodine
Authors: Craig Donald , Henry Gavin D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe enantiospecific total synthesis of the cytotoxic guaipyridine sesquiterpene alkaloid (+)‐cananodine (1) is described. A chiral pool/chiral auxiliary based approach is described for the synthesis of a key oxazolidinone intermediate. Subsequent key steps involve diastereoselective oxazolidinone allylation, cycloheptenylmethanol formation using ring‐closing olefin metathesis, microwave‐assisted decarboxylative Claisen rearrangement reaction, and use of a novel pyridine‐forming method.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cover Picture: (Benzylideneamino)thioureas – Chromogenic Interactions with Anions and N–H Deprotonation (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 16/2006)
Authors: Bonizzoni Marco , Fabbrizzi Luigi , Taglietti Angelo , Tiengo Federico 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe cover picture shows the behavior of a family of neutral N‐R1‐substituted‐benzylideneamine)‐N′‐(R2‐substituted‐phenyl)thioureas (LH) as anion receptors. Spectrophotometric and 1H NMR titration experiments in MeCN solution have shown that oxo anions (e. g. CH3COO–, H2PO4–) form genuine H‐bond complexes with LH receptors through complementary N–H···O– interactions. The use of fluoride ions gives a two‐step interaction, which involves (i) the formation of the [LH···F]– complex, (ii) the release of an HF molecule to give [HF2]– and the deprotonated form of the receptor, L–. Direct deprotonation of LH is obtained on reaction with 1 equiv. of OH–. The occurrence of the different processes can be visually perceived through definite color changes. The colors shown in the picture refer to the receptor with R1 = NO2 and R2 = OCH3. Details are discussed in the article by L. Fabbrizzi et al. on pp. 3567 ff.
Approximate incremental dynamic analysis using the modal pushover analysis procedure
Authors: Han Sang Whan , Chopra Anil K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIncremental dynamic analysis (IDA)—a procedure developed for accurate estimation of seismic demand and capacity of structures—requires non‐linear response history analysis of the structure for an ensemble of ground motions, each scaled to many intensity levels, selected to cover the entire range of structural response—all the way from elastic behaviour to global dynamic instability. Recognizing that IDA of practical structures is computationally extremely demanding, an approximate procedure based on the modal pushover analysis procedure is developed. Presented are the IDA curves and limit state capacities for the SAC‐Los Angeles 3‐, 9‐, and 20‐storey buildings computed by the exact and approximate procedures for an ensemble of 20 ground motions. These results demonstrate that the MPA‐based approximate procedure reduces the computational effort by a factor of 30 (for the 9‐storey building), at the same time providing results to a useful degree of accuracy over the entire range of responses—all the way from elastic behaviour to global dynamic instability—provided a proper hysteretic model is selected for modal SDF systems. The accuracy of the approximate procedure does not deteriorate for 9‐ and 20‐storey buildings, although their dynamics is more complex, involving several ‘modes’ of vibration. For all three buildings, the accuracy of the MPA‐based approximate procedure is also satisfactory for estimating the structural capacities for the limit states of immediate occupancy, collapse prevention, and global dynamic instability. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of rapidly varying flow using an efficient TVD–MacCormack scheme
Authors: Liang Dongfang , Lin Binliang , Falconer Roger A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAn efficient numerical scheme is outlined for solving the SWEs (shallow water equations) in environmental flow; this scheme includes the addition of a five‐point symmetric total variation diminishing (TVD) term to the corrector step of the standard MacCormack scheme. The paper shows that the discretization of the conservative and non‐conservative forms of the SWEs leads to the same finite difference scheme when the source term is discretized in a certain way. The non‐conservative form is used in the solution outlined herein, since this formulation is simpler and more efficient. The time step is determined adaptively, based on the maximum instantaneous Courant number across the domain. The bed friction is included either explicitly or implicitly in the computational algorithm according to the local water depth. The wetting and drying process is simulated in a manner which complements the use of operator‐splitting and two‐stage numerical schemes. The numerical model was then applied to a hypothetical dam‐break scenario, an experimental dam‐break case and an extreme flooding event over the Toce River valley physical model. The predicted results are free of spurious oscillations for both sub‐ and super‐critical flows, and the predictions compare favourably with the experimental measurements. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of losses in the flow through the last stage of low‐pressure steam turbine
Authors: Dykas Slawomir , Wróblewski Włodzimierz , Łukowicz Henryk 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, the numerical modelling of the flow through the low‐pressure steam turbine last stage was presented. On the basis of predicted wet steam flow‐field, the aerodynamic as well as thermodynamic losses were estimated. For calculations of the wet steam steady flow‐field three numerical methods were employed. The first method was a streamline curvature method (SCM). The commercial CFD code (CFX‐TACflow) and an in‐house code, both solving the 3‐D RANS equations, were the next two methods. In the wet steam region, by means of all three methods, the equilibrium flow was modelled. Additionally, the in‐house CFD code was used for modelling of the non‐equilibrium steam condensing flow. In this work, the comparison of the cascade loss coefficient for stator and rotor and selected flow parameters for the stage were presented, compared and discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Net expansion of dried demineralized dentin matrix produced by monomer/alcohol saturation and solvent evaporation
Authors: Agee Kelli A. , Becker Thomas D. , Joyce Anthony P. , Rueggeberg Frederick A. , Borke James L. , Waller Jennifer L. , Tay Franklin R. , Pashley David H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to determine if nonaqueous methacrylate monomer/alcohol mixtures could expand dried collapsed demineralized dentin matrix. Thin disks (ca. 200 μm) of human dentin were demineralized and placed in wells beneath contact probes of linear variable differential transformers. The probes were placed on water‐saturated expanded matrices to record the shrinkage associated with drying. Monomer mixtures containing hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2,2‐bis[4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3 methacryloyloxy)propoxyphenyl] propane, or triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate were mixed with methanol or ethanol at alcohol/monomer mass fraction % of 90/10, 70/30, 50/50, or 30/70. They were randomly applied to the dried matrices to determine the rate and magnitude of expansion; then shrinkage was recorded during evaporation of the alcohols. The results indicated that matrix expansion was positively correlated with the Hoy's solubility parameters for hydrogen bonding forces (δh) of the monomer/solvent mixtures (p < 0.001). Expansions were more rapid with methanol‐containing than with ethanol‐containing monomer mixtures. For the test solutions, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate‐containing mixtures produced the slowest rate of matrix expansion and hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐containing mixtures the most rapid expansion. When the solvents were evaporated, the matrix shrank in proportion to the solvent content and the δh of the monomer‐solvent mixtures. The results indicate that expansion of dried, collapsed dentin matrices requires that the δh of the mixtures be larger than 17 (J/cm3)1/2. The greater the δh of the monomer solutions, the greater the rate and extent of expansion. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Temperature‐induced cell detachment on immobilized pluronic surface
Authors: Higuchi Akon , Aoki Nobuo , Yamamoto Taro , Miyazaki Toyohiko , Fukushima Hisashi , Tak Tae Moon , Jyujyoji Shin , Egashira Satsuki , Matsuoka Yuki , Natori Shizue Hayashi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe Pluronic F68 and F127, a triblock copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, was activated using carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), and CDI‐activated Pluronic F68 and F127 was subsequently immobilized on the surface of a poly‐L‐lysine‐coated polystyrene tissue culture flask. Cell culture was performed on the Pluronic‐immobilized flask. The morphology of fibroblasts (L929 cells) on the Pluronic F127‐immobilized flask was mainly spherical, and showed less spreading behavior than that on the Pluronic F68‐immobilized flask and conventional tissue culture flask. This observation indicates that L929 cells on Pluronic F127‐immobilized flasks were cultured in a bio‐inert environment. L929 cells were successively detached from both Pluronic F127‐immobilized flask and Pluronic F68‐immobilized flask by cooling the flask to 4–15°C. This detachment is due to the hydration and dehydration properties of Pluronic, depending on the temperature. Umbilical cord blood was cultured in the Pluronic F127‐immobilized and conventional polystyrene tissue culture flasks at 37°C. The expression ratio of surface markers on hematopoietic stem cells (CD34 and CD133) cultured in the Pluronic F127‐immobilized flask was significantly higher than that of the cells in polystyrene tissue culture flask. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Microsphere‐based bioresorbable structures loaded with proteins for tissue regeneration applications
Authors: Zilberman Meital , Shraga Inbal 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNovel bioresorbable fiber/microsphere composite structures loaded with proteins were developed and studied. These unique polymeric structures are designed to combine good mechanical properties with a desired controlled protein‐release profile, in order to serve as scaffolds for tissue regeneration applications. The composite fiber structures were formed by “coating” poly(L‐lactic acid) fibers with protein‐containing poly(DL‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres. The microspheres were prepared by a double emulsion technique and were loaded with the model enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The present study focused on the effect of the double emulsion's composition and processing conditions on the microsphere structure and on the resulting cumulative protein release for 90 days. The release profiles generally exhibited an initial burst effect, a lag period and an increased release rate after 2 months. HRP release from these structures was governed by diffusion, rather than by degradation. A decrease in the emulsion's mixing rate significantly improved the release profile through unique matrix‐like structures. The initial burst effect can be reduced by decreasing the internal phase quantity and its protein content, or by adding a surfactant to the internal emulsion. Proper selection of the double emulsion formulation and processing conditions can yield fiber microsphere structures with the desired protein release behavior. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Binary caps with many free pairs of points
Authors: Lisoněk Petr 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe introduce the following new viewpoint in the study of caps in PG(m,q). The objective is to maximize, among all caps of given cardinality in a given projective space, the number of free pairs of points, which we define as pairs of points not participating in any coplanar quadruple of points of the cap. We survey the known results (which were motivated by an application in statistical experiment design) and then we improve the known lower bound on the number of free pairs of points for q = 2 and the smallest cap sizes for which the maximization problem is non‐trivial. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 14: 490–499, 2006
Concerning eight mutually orthogonal latin squares
Authors: Abel R. Julian R. , Cavenagh Nicholas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this article, we provide a direct construction for 8 mutually orthogonal latin squares (MOLS)(48). Using this design together with one of Wilson's recursive constructions produces 8 new MOLS(v) for 88 other values of v. We also mention a few other new sets of 8 and 12 MOLS obtained recursively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 15: 255–261, 2007
The macrophage heterogeneity: Difference between mouse peritoneal exudate and splenic F4/80+ macrophages
Authors: Liu Guangwei , Xia Xue‐Pei , Gong Shou‐Liang , Zhao Yong 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMacrophages isolated from various tissues manifest differences in cell shape, the expression of surface markers, as well as metabolic and functional activities. However, the heterogeneity of macrophages expressing the same marker in different tissues has not been fully addressed. In the present study, mouse F4/80+ peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs) and splenic macrophages (SPMs) appeared similar in most respects. But the percentages of cells expressing CD80, CD40, MHC‐II, TLR2, or TLR4, but not CD11c, CD54, or CD23, in freshly isolated F4/80+ SPMs were significantly higher than those in PEMs, whereas the levels of CD86+ cells in F4/80+ SPMs were markedly lower than those in PEMs. After lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, F4/80+ SPMs expressed significantly higher levels of CD86, CD40, or MHC‐II than F4/80+ PEMs, but not CD11c, CD80, CD54, or CD23. F4/80+ SPMs had remarkably lower non‐opsonic phagocytotic capacity against chicken RBCs or allo‐T cells than PEMs as determined by two‐photon microscopes and flow cytometry. SPMs produced markedly more NO than PEMs when cultured with LPS or allo‐T cells. Furthermore, SPMs exhibited stronger immunogenicity than PEMs, as determined by the ability to stimulate T cell proliferation, delayed type hypersensitivity, and IFN‐γ production. The data showed the differences between SPMs and PEMs with regard to the phenotypes, phagocytosis, and immunogenicity, which may offer important information for us to better understand the distinguished immune responses of macrophages in spleens and the peritoneal cavity. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 341–352, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of a sperm motility promoting glycoprotein from buffalo blood serum
Authors: Mandal Mahitosh , Saha Sudipta , Ghosh Anil Kumar , Majumder Gopal Chandra 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEarly investigators reported the occurrence of unidentified protein factors in biological fluids that may regulate sperm motility essential for fertility potential. This study reports for the first time purification of a forward motility stimulating protein (FMSF‐I), to apparent homogeneity, from a biological fluid (buffalo blood serum) and its characterization. FMSF‐I is the major motility protein of buffalo serum: a rich source of the factor. FMSF showed high protein specificity and affinity for activating forward motility of goat cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The motility promoter at 0.5 µM level showed maximal activity when nearly 60%–70% of spermatozoa expressed forward motility. It is a 66 kDa monomeric acidic protein rich in aspartate, glutamate, and leucine with isoelectric point of 3.7. FMSF: a Mg2+‐dependent protein binds to concanavalin A‐agarose and the glycoprotein nature of FMSF has been confirmed by PAS staining. The factor lost activity completely when treated with α‐mannosidase showing that the sugar part of the protein is essential for its biological activity. FMSF has no species specificity for its motility‐activating potential. Sperm surface has specific receptors of FMSF, which is strongly immunogenic. The factor is present in testis and epididymis although liver is its richest source. Motility promoting efficacy of FMSF is markedly higher than the well‐known non‐protein motility activators: theophylline and bicarbonate or their combination. FMSF is a physiological activator of sperm motility and as a slaughterhouse byproduct it has potentiality for solving some of the problems of animal breeding, conservation of endangered species, and human infertility: a global social problem. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 353–362, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.