bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in the expression of the phosphatase PTP-1B in patients with localized prostate cancer with and without adverse pathological features
Authors: Bourlon Maria T. , Urbina-Ramirez Shaddai , Verduzco-Aguirre Haydee C. , Mora-Pineda Mauricio , Velazquez Hugo E. , Leon-Rodriguez Eucario , Atisha-Fregoso Yemil , De Anda-Gonzalez María G. 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionPatients with adverse pathological features (APF) at radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PC) are candidates for adjuvant treatment. Clinicians lack reliable markers to predict these APF preoperatively. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) is involved in migration and invasion of PC, and its expression could predict presence of APF. Our aim was to compare PTP-1B expression in patients with and without APF, and to explore PTP-1B expression as an independent prognostic factor.MethodsTissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed using RP archival specimens for immunohistochemical staining of PTP-1B; expression was reported with a standardized score (0-9). We compared median PTP-1B score between cases with and without APF. We constructed two logistic regression models, one to identify the independence of PTP-1B score from biologically associated variables (metformin use and type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]) and the second to seek independence of known risk factors (Gleason score and prostate specific antigen [PSA]).ResultsA total of 73 specimens were suitable for TMA construction. Forty-four (60%) patients had APF. The median PTP-1B score was higher in those with APF: 8 (5-9) vs 5 (3-8) (p=0.026). In the logistic regression model including T2DM and metformin use, the PTP-1B score maintained statistical significance (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.45, p=0.037). In the model including PSA and Gleason score; the PTP-1B score showed no independence (OR 1.68, 95% CI 0.97-1.41, p=0.11). The area under the curve to predict APF for the PTP-1B score was 0.65 (95% CI 0.52-0.78, p=0.03), for PSA+Gleason 0.71 (95% CI 0.59-0.82, p=0.03), and for PSA+Gleason+PTP-1B score 0.73 (95% CI 0.61-0.84, p=0.001).DiscussionPatients with APF after RP have a higher expression of PTP-1B than those without APF, even after adjusting for T2DM and metformin exposure. PTP-1B has a good accuracy for predicting APF but does not add to known prognostic factors.
Maternal COVID-19 vaccination status and association with neonatal congenital anomalies
Authors: Santos Janelle , Miller Megan , Branda Megan E. , Mehta Ramila A. , Theiler Regan N. 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionDespite recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant people, the effect of vaccination on neonatal outcomes remains unknown. We sought to determine the association between COVID-19 vaccination status in pregnancy and presence of neonatally diagnosed congenital anomalies.MethodsA comprehensive vaccine registry was combined with a delivery database to create a cohort including all patients aged 16–55 years with a delivery event between December 10, 2020 and December 31, 2021 at a hospital within the Mayo Clinic Health System. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were analyzed in relation to vaccination status and timing, including a composite measure of congenital anomalies diagnosed in neonatal life. Comparisons between cohorts were conducted using chi-square test for categorical and Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables. A multivariable logistic regression was modeled to assess the association with congenital anomalies.Results5,096 mother-infant pairs were analyzed. A total of 1,158 were vaccinated, with 314 vaccinated in the first trimester. COVID-19 vaccination status, including vaccination during the first trimester of pregnancy, was not associated with an increased risk of composite congenital anomalies. When further examining congenital anomalies by organ system, we did demonstrate a significant difference in eye, ear, face, neck anomalies between vaccinated and not vaccinated groups (Table 3, Not vaccinated = 2.3%, Vaccinated = 3.3%, p-value 0.04) however we did not demonstrate this difference between the 1st trimester and not vaccinated groups (Not vaccinated = 2.3%, 1st Trimester = 2.5%, p-value 0.77). No differences were found between not vaccinated, vaccinated, or 1st trimester vaccinated groups for any other organ systems. There were no differences in birthweight by gestational age, APGAR scores, incidence of NICU admission, or living status of the neonate by vaccination status.ConclusionWe add additional information regarding the safety of COVID-19 vaccination status and timing as it pertains to neonatal composite congenital anomalies, with no association demonstrated. Our findings agree with prior literature that COVID-19 vaccination is not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes or small for gestational age neonates. Further research is needed to elucidate the association between COVID-19 vaccination and eye, ear, face, neck, anomalies.
“Every breath you take”: evaluating sound levels and acoustic characteristics of various neonatal respiratory support and ventilation modalities
Authors: Stummer Sophie , Reuter Christoph , Czedik-Eysenberg Isabella , Bertsch Matthias , Klebermass-Schrehof Katrin , Mader Johannes , Buchmayer Julia , Bartha-Doering Lisa , Berger Angelika , Giordano Vito 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundEarly sensory experiences have a significant impact on the later life of preterm infants. The NICU soundscape is profoundly influenced by various modalities of respiratory support or ventilation, which are often mandatory early in the care. The incubator, believed to shield from external noise, is less effective against noise originating inside. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sound levels and characteristics of frequently used respiratory support and ventilation modalities, taking into consideration the developing auditory system of premature infants.MethodsTo evaluate sound dynamics inside and outside an incubator during respiratory support/ventilation, experimental recordings were conducted at the Center for Pediatric Simulation Training of the Medical University Vienna. The ventilator used was a FABIAN HFOI®.ResultsJet CPAP (Continuous positive airway pressure), whether administered via mask or prongs, generates significantly higher sound levels compared to High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and to High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) delivered through an endotracheal tube. Upon evaluating the sound spectrum of jet CPAP support, a spectral peak is observed within the frequency range of 4 to 8 kHz. Notably, this frequency band aligns with the range where the hearing threshold of preterm infants is at its most sensitive.ConclusionNon-invasive HFNC and invasive HFOV generate lower sound levels compared to those produced by jet CPAP systems delivered via masks or prongs. Moreover, HFNC and HFOV show a reduced acoustic presence within the frequency range where the preterm infant’s hearing is highly sensitive. Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that the potential for auditory impairment might be more pronounced in preterm infants who require prolonged use of jet CPAP therapy during their time in the incubator.
The inviscid incompressible limit of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability for plasmas
Authors: Briard A. , Ripoll J.-F. , Michael A. , Gréa B.-J. , Peyrichon G. , Cosmides M. , El-Rabii H. , Faganello M. , Merkin V. G. , Sorathia K. A. , Ukhorskiy A. Y. , Lyon J. G. , Retino A. , Bouffetier V. , Ceurvorst L. , Sio H. , Hurricane O. A. , Smalyuk V. A. , Casner A. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability (KHI) is an interface instability that develops between two fluids or plasmas flowing with a common shear layer. KHI occurs in astrophysical jets, solar atmosphere, solar flows, cometary tails, planetary magnetospheres. Two applications of interest, encompassing both space and fusion applications, drive this study: KHI formation at the outer flanks of the Earth’s magnetosphere and KHI growth from non-uniform laser heating in magnetized direct-drive implosion experiments. Here, we study 2D KHI with or without a magnetic field parallel to the flow. We use both the GAMERA code, which solves the compressible Euler equations, and the STRATOSPEC code, which solves the Navier-Stokes equations under the Boussinesq approximation, coupled with the magnetic field dynamics. GAMERA is a global three-dimensional MHD code with high-order reconstruction in arbitrary nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinates, which is developed for a large range of astrophysical applications. STRATOSPEC is a three-dimensional pseudo-spectral code with an accuracy of infinite order (no numerical diffusion). Magnetized KHI is a canonical case for benchmarking hydrocode simulations with extended MHD options.Methods: An objective is to assess whether or not, and under which conditions, the incompressibility hypothesis allows to describe a dynamic compressible system. For comparing both codes, we reach the inviscid incompressible regime, by decreasing the Mach number in GAMERA, and viscosity and diffusion in STRATOSPEC. Here, we specifically investigate both single-mode and multi-mode initial perturbations, either with or without magnetic field parallel to the flow. The method relies on comparisons of the density fields, 1D profiles of physical quantities averaged along the flow direction, and scale-by-scale spectral densities. We also address the triggering, formation and damping of filamentary structures under varying Mach number or Atwood number, with or without a parallel magnetic field.Results: Comparisons show very satisfactory results between the two codes. The vortices dynamics is well reproduced, along with the breaking or damping of small-scale structures. We end with the extraction of growth rates of magnetized KHI from the compressible regime to the incompressible limit in the linear regime assessing the effects of compressibility under increasing magnetic field.Discussion: The observed differences between the two codes are explained either from diffusion or non-Boussinesq effects.
Identification of Faba bean genetic loci associated with quantitative resistance to the fungus Botrytis fabae, causal agent of chocolate spot
Authors: Webb Anne , Reynolds Tom R. , Wright Tally I. C. , Caiazzo Rosa , Lloyd David C. , Thomas Jane E. , Wood Thomas A. 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionChocolate spot, caused by the ascomycete fungus Botrytis fabae, is a devastating foliar disease and a major constraint on the quality and yield of faba beans (Vicia faba). The use of fungicides is the primary strategy for controlling the disease. However, high levels of partial genetic resistance have been identified and can be exploited to mitigate the disease.MethodsThe partially resistant V. faba cultivar Maris Bead and susceptible Egyptian accession ig70726 were crossed, and a genetic mapping population of 184 individuals was genotyped in the F2 generation and screened for resistance to B. fabae infection in the F3, F5, and F6 generations in a series of field experiments. A high-density linkage map of V. faba containing 3897 DArT markers spanning 1713.7 cM was constructed.ResultsMultiple candidate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in 11 separate regions of the V. faba genome were identified; some on chromosomes 2, 3, and 6 overlapped with loci previously linked to resistance to Ascochyta leaf and pod blight caused by the necrotrophic fungus Ascochyta fabae. A transcriptomics experiment was conducted at 18 h post-inoculation in seedlings of both parents of the mapping population, identifying several differentially expressed transcripts potentially involved in early stage defence against B. fabae, including cell-wall associated protein kinases, NLR genes, and genes involved in metabolism and response to reactive oxygen species.DiscussionThis study identified several novel candidate QTLs in the V. faba genome that contribute to partial resistance to chocolate spot, but differences between growing seasons highlighted the importance of multi-year phenotyping experiments when searching for candidate QTLs for partial resistance.
The relevance of outcome expectations in group hypnosis for stress reduction: a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Siewert Julia , Teut Michael , Brinkhaus Benno , Fisch Silvia , Kummer Sonja 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThere is evidence that patients’ positive outcome expectations prior to study interventions are associated with better treatment outcomes. Nevertheless, to date, only few studies have investigated whether individual outcome expectations affect treatment outcomes in hypnosis.ObjectiveTo examine whether outcome expectations to hypnosis prior to starting treatment were able to predict perceived stress, as measured on a visual analog scale (VAS), after 5 weeks.MethodsWe performed a secondary data analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of intervention group participants only. Study participants with stress symptoms were randomized to 5 weekly sessions of a group hypnosis program for stress reduction and improved stress coping, plus 5 hypnosis audio recordings for further individual practice at home, as well as an educational booklet on coping with stress. Perceived stress for the following week was measured at baseline and after 5 weeks using a visual analog scale (0–100 mm; VAS). Hypnosis outcome expectations were assessed at baseline only with the Expectations for Treatment Scale (ETS). Unadjusted and adjusted linear regressions were performed to examine the association between baseline expectations and perceived stress at 5 weeks.ResultsData from 47 participants (M = 45.02, SD = 13.40 years; 85.1% female) were analyzed. Unadjusted (B = 0.326, t = 0.239, p = 0.812, R2 = 0.001) and adjusted (B = 0.639, t = 0.470, p = 0.641, R2 = 0.168) linear regressions found that outcome expectations to hypnosis were not associated with a change in perceived stress between baseline and after 5 weeks in the intervention group.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the beneficial effect of group hypnosis in distressed participants were not associated with outcome expectations. Other mechanisms of action may be more important for the effect of hypnosis, which should be explored in future research.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03525093.
Neurotoxic lesions of the anterior claustrum influence cued fear memory in rats
Authors: Gu Tengyu , Dong Jing , Ge Jing , Feng Jialu , Liu Xiaoliu , Chen Yun , Liu Jianfeng 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe claustrum (CLA), a subcortical area between the insular cortex and striatum, innervates almost all cortical regions of the mammalian brain. There is growing evidence that CLA participates in many brain functions, including memory, cognition, and stress response. It is proposed that dysfunction or malfunction of the CLA might be the pathology of some brain diseases, including stress-induced depression and anxiety. However, the role of the CLA in fear memory and anxiety disorders remains largely understudied.MethodsWe evaluated the influences of neurotoxic lesions of the CLA using auditory-cued fear memory and anxiety-like behaviors in rats.ResultsWe found that lesions of anterior CLA (aCLA) but not posterior CLA (pCLA) before fear conditioning attenuated fear retrieval, facilitated extinction, and reduced freezing levels during the extinction retention test. Post-learning lesions of aCLA but not pCLA facilitated fear extinction and attenuated freezing behavior during the extinction retention test. Lesions of aCLA or pCLA did not affect anxiety-like behaviors evaluated by the open field test and elevated plus-maze test.ConclusionThese data suggested that aCLA but not pCLA was involved in fear memory and extinction. Future studies are needed to further investigate the anatomical and functional connections of aCLA subareas that are involved in fear conditioning, which will deepen our understanding of CLA functions.
The association between health behaviours and academic performance moderated by trait mindfulness amongst university students: an observational study
Authors: Heller Sebastian , Reichel Jennifer L. , Mülder Lina M. , Schäfer Markus , Schwab Lisa , Werner Antonia M. , Letzel Stephan , Rigotti Thomas , Dietz Pavel 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo target health communication at less health-conscious groups, evidence on health behaviours’ effects on non-health-related outcomes – such as academic performance – is necessary. Recent research has highlighted the associations of various health behaviours on academic performance of university students. However, there is a lack of research investigating the most predominant health behaviours simultaneously and their association with academic performance, as well as the factors that potentially influence the direction or strength of these associations. Therefore, this study investigated (I) which of the predominant health behaviours (physical activity, healthy diet, sleep, sedentary behaviour, alcohol consumption, smoking, drug use) are most associated with academic performance and (II) whether the personal resource of trait mindfulness moderates these associations.MethodsAn online survey was conducted amongst university students during the 2021 summer semester. Group differences in academic performance regarding health behaviours were analysed using ANOVA (N = 1,049). A first linear regression model (N = 571), considering all selected health behaviours simultaneously, assessed their association with academic performance. A second model (N = 540) assessed interaction effects of health behaviours and trait mindfulness. Separate regressions assessed each interaction’s association with academic performance.ResultsSleep, fruit and vegetable consumption, and gender were significantly associated with academic performance. The second model showed no significant interaction effects.ConclusionTargeting sleep and fruit and vegetable consumption might be the most promising strategies for elevating students’ academic performance, thereby enabling health communication strategies to reach groups driven by performance improvements rather than health benefits.
Pulmonary tuberculosis epidemiology and genetics in Kazakhstan
Authors: Yerezhepov Dauren , Gabdulkayum Aidana , Akhmetova Ainur , Kozhamkulov Ulan , Rakhimova Saule , Kairov Ulykbek , Zhunussova Gulnur , Kalendar Ruslan , Akilzhanova Ainur 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a major public health emergency in many countries, including Kazakhstan. Despite the decline in the incidence rate and having one of the highest treatment effectiveness in the world, the incidence rate of TB remains high in Kazakhstan. Social and environmental factors along with host genetics contribute to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) incidence. Due to the high incidence rate of TB in Kazakhstan, our research aimed to study the epidemiology and genetics of PTB in Kazakhstan.Materials and methods1,555 participants were recruited to the case–control study. The epidemiology data was taken during an interview. Polymorphisms of selected genes were determined by real-time PCR using pre-designed TaqMan probes.ResultsEpidemiological risk factors like diabetes (χ2 = 57.71, p &lt; 0.001), unemployment (χ2 = 81.1, p &lt; 0.001), and underweight-ranged BMI (&lt;18.49, χ2 = 206.39, p &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with PTB. VDR FokI (rs2228570) and VDR BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of PTB. A/A genotype of the TLR8 gene (rs3764880) showed a significant association with an increased risk of PTB in Asians and Asian males. The G allele of the rs2278589 polymorphism of the MARCO gene increases PTB susceptibility in Asians and Asian females. VDR BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism was significantly associated with PTB in Asian females. A significant association between VDR ApaI polymorphism and PTB susceptibility in the Caucasian population of Kazakhstan was found.ConclusionThis is the first study that evaluated the epidemiology and genetics of PTB in Kazakhstan on a relatively large cohort. Social and environmental risk factors play a crucial role in TB incidence in Kazakhstan. Underweight BMI (&lt;18.49 kg/m2), diabetes, and unemployment showed a statistically significant association with PTB in our study group. FokI (rs2228570) and BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphisms of the VDR gene can be used as possible biomarkers of PTB in Asian males. rs2278589 polymorphism of the MARCO gene may act as a potential biomarker of PTB in Kazakhs. BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene and rs2278589 polymorphism of the MARCO gene can be used as possible biomarkers of PTB risk in Asian females as well as VDR ApaI polymorphism in Caucasians.
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 infection among prisoners of a major penitentiary complex of Goiás State, Central-West Brazil
Authors: Okita Michele Tiemi , de Matos Marcos André , Freitas Nara Rúbia de , Silva Ágabo Macedo da Costa e , Marques Juliana Menara de Souza , Marinho Thaís Augusto , Matos Márcia Alves Dias de , Martins Regina Maria Bringel 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionStudies on human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) infection are scarce in incarcerated population. Therefore, this study estimated the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among prisoners of the major penitentiary complex of Goiás State, Central-West Brazil, comparing it with available data from other Brazilian regions.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 910 prisoners of the major penitentiary complex in the State of Goiás, Central-West Brazil. All participants were interviewed, and their serum samples were tested for anti-HTLV-1/2 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Murex HTLV-I + II, DiaSorin, Dartford, UK). Seropositive samples were submitted for confirmation by a line immunoassay (INNO-LIA HTLV I/II, Fujirebio, Europe N.V., Belgium).ResultsThe majority of participants were males (83.1%), between 25 and 39 years old (56.1%; mean age: 31.98 years), self-reported brown ethnicity (56.2%) and reported 9 years or less of formal education (41.4%). Most reported using non-injectable illicit drugs and various sexual behaviors that present risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The prevalence of anti-HTLV-1/2 was 0.33% (95% CI: 0.07–0.96), HTLV-1 (0.22%) and HTLV-2 (0.11%). The two HTLV-1 seropositive prisoners reported high-risk sexual behaviors, and the HTLV-2 seropositive individual was breastfed during childhood (&gt; 6 months) by her mother and three other women.ConclusionThese data revealed a relatively low seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 in prisoners in Central-West Brazil, and evidence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 circulation in the major penitentiary complex of Goiás State. Given the prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors, there is a crucial need to intensify education and health programs in prisons to effectively control and prevent HTLV-1/2 and other STIs.