bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biplanar crossing numbers. II. Comparing crossing numbers and biplanar crossing numbers using the probabilistic method
Authors: Czabarka Éva , Sýkora Ondrej , Székely László A. , Vrťo Imrich 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe biplanar crossing number cr2(G) of a graph G is min{cr(G1) + cr(G2)}, where cr is the planar crossing number. We show that cr2(G) ≤ (3/8)cr(G). Using this result recursively, we bound the thickness by Θ(G) ‐ 2 ≤ Kcr2(G)0.4057 log2n with some constant K. A partition realizing this bound for the thickness can be obtained by a polynomial time randomized algorithm. We show that for any size exceeding a certain threshold, there exists a graph G of this size, which simultaneously has the following properties: cr(G) is roughly as large as it can be for any graph of that size, and cr2(G) is as small as it can be for any graph of that size. The existence is shown using the probabilistic method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2008
A segmentation‐based approach for temporal analysis of software version repositories
Authors: Siy Harvey , Chundi Parvathi , Rosenkrantz Daniel J. , Subramaniam Mahadevan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTime series segmentation is a promising approach to discover temporal patterns from time‐stamped numeric data. A novel approach to apply time series segmentation to discern temporal information from software version repositories is proposed. Data from such repositories, both numeric and non‐numeric, are represented as item‐set time series data. A dynamic programming algorithm for optimal segmentation is presented. The algorithm automatically produces a compacted item‐set time series that can be analyzed to identify temporal patterns. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated by analyzing version control repositories of several open‐source projects to identify time‐varying patterns of developer activity. The experimental results show that the segmentation algorithm produces segments that capture meaningful information and is superior to the information content obtained by arbitrarily segmenting software history into regular time intervals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Domain‐based autoconfiguration framework for large‐scale MANETs
Authors: Li Longjiang , Cai Yunze , Xu Xiaoming 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIP autoconfiguration of the mobile node addresses is important in the practical usage of most mobilead hocnetworks (MANETs). This paper proposes domain‐based autoconfiguration framework (DACF), a novel approach for the efficient address autoconfiguration of MANETs. To construct a hierarchy of addresses, this framework defines a loose domain structure where nodes in the same domain may roam to different locations after they are configured. This framework uses the passive Duplicate Address Detection(PDAD) but the proposed domain structure is able to reduce the initial conflict probability and accelerate the conflict resolution significantly. To evaluate the correctness and efficiency of the proposed framework, we also present an exemplified full‐functioned implementation of the proposed framework. Through the detailed analysis and simulation, we believe the proposed scheme provides a promising autoconfiguration framework for large‐scale MANETs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functionalization at the double bond region of jojoba oil: I. bromine derivatives
Authors: Shani Arnon 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAddition of bromine to jojoba oil and itstrans‐isomer yielded tetrabromojojoba, which upon elimination afforded the acetylenic and allenic components, respectively, when reacted with excess of base. The bromoolefinic products were obtained when limited amount of base was used. Allylic bromination of the liquid wax and itstrans‐isomer, and subsequent HBr elimination, yielded the two conjugated diene systems on both parts of the ester (jojoba tetraene).
Sampling diced almonds for aflatoxin
Authors: Schade J. E. , King A. D. , Mackey B. E. , Halbrook W. U. , Fuller G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTo ensure that diced almonds meet the current FDA guideline limit for total aflatoxin, it is necessary to have a sampling plant that will allow representative sampling with defined precision‐i.e., with confidence limits on the average aflatoxin found. A sequential sampling plan using 4.54‐kg samples of diced almonds or 150‐g samples of meal by‐product (fines screened from diced nuts during production) was constructed with data from a study of aflatoxin distribution among samples of 2 selected lots of almonds. These 2 lots of whole nuts, estimated to have 400 and 25 ppb aflatoxin, were diced and boxed with normal processing equipment and procedures to approximate the distribution of aflatoxin in the product during commercial production. With a square root trans‐formation of the data from 4.54‐kg samples of diced nuts, the aflatoxin in samples of both lots approximated a normal distribu‐tion and the within‐lot variances were not significantly different, which allowed the statistical plan described. A supplemental study was made of aflatoxin distribution in the meal by‐product. The lack of a significant difference between the results for diced nuts and those for the corresponding meal suggests that diced almonds can be monitored for aflatoxin indirectly by sampling the meal, which will allow the use of fewer analyses of 150‐g samples of less expen‐sive product to reach a decision.
High‐linoleic oils from five species of japanese plants
Authors: Kato Masayoshi , Tanaka Tatsuo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOils extracted from the achenes ofBoehmeria longispica Steud.,B. spicata Thunb., andB. nivea Gaud. var.concolor Makino (Urti‐caceae) and those from the seeds ofTricyrtis affinis Makino andHosta longipes Matsum. (Liliaceae) were surveyed for their charac‐teristics and fatty acid composition. All the oils contained linoleic acid in high levels (80.2–83.5%) as determined by gas liquid chro‐matography of the derived methyl esters.
High Performance reversed phase chromatography of Natural triglyceride mixtures: Critical pair separation
Authors: Hamdy A. H. EL‐ , Perkins E. G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe separation of the critical triglyceride pairs C48:0, C50:l, C54:3ccc and C54:3ttt as well as C54:2, C52:l and C50:l has been accomplished without the aid of any interacting ion such as silver. A theoretical carbon number (TCN) for the unsaturated triglycer‐ides can be calculated from the carbon number (CN) and capacity factor (k’) relationship of the saturated triglycerides, and used to predict the separation of critical pairs. A mathematical equation was derived for the identification of not only the triglycerides by their carbon number and number of double bonds but also the possible acyl groups present in these triglycerides. The pattern of triglyceride elution sequence within each triglyceride category with the same equivalent carbon number (ECN) starts with the triglyceride with the highest number of double bonds and terminates with those with the lowest number of double bonds, with the lower ECN triglycer‐ides eluting ahead of those with higher ECN. A possible mechanism for the separation of these triglycerides on highly efficient columns packed with 5n silica bonded with the octadecyl stationary phase is postulated.
Computation of conversion factors to determine the phospholipid content in peanut oils
Authors: Singleton J. A. , Pattee H. E. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPeanut oil was separated into the various lipid classes by column chromatography. The polar lipid fraction which contained phospho‐lipids was separated into individual major components by 2‐dimen‐sional thin layer chromatography. Conversion factors for calculating the concentration of total phospholipid in peanut oil from percent elemental phosphorus were determined by estimation of molecular weights for the respective components. A conversion factor of 23.6, 24.8, 26.6, 22.2, and 24.4 was found for phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, and total phospholipid, respectively. These factors also were used to convert µg of phosphorus into µg of phospholipid.
Sporadic Pancreatic Polypeptide Secreting Tumors (PPomas) of the Pancreas
Authors: Kuo Samuel C. L. , Gananadha Sivakumar , Scarlett Christopher J. , Gill Anthony , Smith Ross C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundSporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, which predominantly secrete pancreatic polypeptide (PPoma), are rare and have not been associated with a clinical syndrome. A wider understanding of their pathological features and behavior is needed.MethodsFour PPoma patients who presented with nonspecific abdominal pain are described. Their diagnosis was established by the presence of an enhancing solitary pancreatic tumor on computed tomography (CT) and elevated fasting pancreatic polypeptide hormone levels. Patient 1 was treated with a pancreatoduodenectomy because of elevation of serum CEA level. Two of the cases underwent enucleation because of prolonged stable CT appearance. Patient 4 underwent distal pancreatectomy for a pancreatic neck tumor causing ductal obstruction and distal parenchymal atrophy.ResultsAll cases had benign histological features apart from patient 1 whose tumor demonstrated occasional mitotic activity. These tumors have not recurred after a median of 49 (range, 35–57) months. The protein expression in the tumor tissue was measured by SELDI‐TOF MS and was different than the profile of pancreatic adenocarcinoma that was previously demonstrated in our laboratory. This may lead to future helpful diagnostic testing on fine needle aspirates.ConclusionResection of sporadic PPomas presenting as a solitary well‐defined mass with benign histological features results in good long‐term survival.
Evaluation of the Outcome of Complete Sinus Excision with Reconstruction of the Umbilicus in Patients with Umbilical Pilonidal Sinus
Authors: Fazeli Mohammad Sadegh , Lebaschi Amir H. , Adel Maryam Ghavami , Kazemeini Ali Reza 
Published: June 2008

AbstractUmbilical pilonidal sinus is a cause of umbilical discharge. In this study, the outcome of complete excision of the umbilical sinus with umbilical reconstruction is considered. Adult patients with umbilical pilonidal sinus who had not undergone any previous surgeries were operated on using a technique that involves complete excision of the sinus after eversion of the umbilicus followed by reconstruction of the umbilicus. Patients were then followed; and wound complications, recurrence, and patient satisfaction were evaluated at postoperative visits. A total of 45 patients underwent the operation; 39 (86.5%) were male, and 6 (13.5%) were female. The mean age was 22.6 years (18–27 years). Six male patients had synchronous sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease. The mean follow‐up period was 34 months (3–62 months). Only four patients had wound drainage after operation, and all required drainage of the wound. No recurrence was observed during the follow‐up period, and all patients were satisfied with the appearance of their umbilicus. The technique of complete sinus excision and umbilical reconstruction is an effective and acceptable method for treating umbilical pilonidal sinus and may be recommended for primary treatment of this disease.
Synthesis and Properties of Surface Chemically Pure Alkylamidoamine‐N‐oxides at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Piasecki Andrzej , Piłakowska‐Pietras Dorota , Baran Anna , Krasowska Anna 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA homologous series of surface active 2‐(alkanoylamino)ethyldimethylamine‐N‐oxides, EDA‐p(O), and 3‐(alkanoylamino)propyldimethylamine‐N‐oxides, PDA‐p(O), were synthesized. Their aqueous stock solutions were processed by the automatically operating apparatus to remove surface‐active contamination and provide chemical purity at the air/water interface. In case of 3‐(tetradecanoylamino)propyldimethylamine‐N‐oxide, PDA‐14(O), the difference between equilibrium surface tension values of the purified surfactant solutions and the corresponding values of the solutions prepared from the “as received” compounds amounts to 15 mN m−1. Moreover, in presence of the surface‐active contaminants time needed to reach equilibrium surface tension values is over 2 h. For the solution of the “surface‐chemically pure” grade the change of the surface tension within adsorption time is negligible and the equilibrium is reached instantaneously. Physicochemical properties of obtained surface‐chemically pure aqueous solutions of N‐oxides of alkylamidoamines and adsorption parameters (standard free energy of adsorption, ΔG°ads, surface excess by saturation surface concentration, Γ∞, minimum surface area demand per molecule adsorbed, Amin) were evaluated from the equilibrium surface tension versus concentration isotherms at the air/water interface using Gibbs's equation. The introduction of the CH2 moiety into the intermediate part of molecule causes a slight decrease of the hydrophobic character of surfactant. Also the minimum surface area demand, Amin, is slightly greater for PDA series than for the corresponding EDA derivatives. Surface potential measurements were performed in addition to surface tension studies. Electric surface potential versus concentration isotherms was determined. Surface potential increases with increasing surfactant's bulk concentration for all investigated compounds. At highest concentrations, where interface is almost saturated, changes of surface potential become almost negligible.
Temperature Dependence of HNE Formation in Vegetable Oils and Butter Oil
Authors: Han In Hwa , Csallany A. Saari 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe temperature dependence of the formation of toxic 4‐hydroxy‐2‐trans‐nonenal (HNE) was investigated in high and low linoleic acid (LA) containing oils such as corn, soybean and butter oils. These oils contain about 60, 54 and 3–4% of LA for corn, soybean and butter oils, respectively. The oils were heated for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 h at 190 °C and for 0, 5, 15 and 30 min at 218 °C. HNE concentrations in the oils were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The maximum HNE concentrations in heated (190 °C) corn, soybean and butter oils were 5.46, 3.73 and 1.85 μg HNE/g oil, respectively. The concentration of HNE at 218 °C increased continuously for all the three oils, although they were heated for much shorter periods compared to the lower temperature of heating (190 °C). HNE concentration at 30 min reached the maximum of 15.48, 10.72 and 6.71 μg HNE/g oil for corn, soybean and butter oils, respectively. HNE concentration at higher temperature (218 °C) was 4.9, 3.7, and 8.7 times higher than at the lower temperature (190 °C) and 30 min of heating for corn, soybean and butter oils, respectively. It was found that HNE formation was temperature dependant in the tested oils.
Canola Quality Indian Mustard Oil (Brassica juncea) is More Stable to Oxidation than Conventional Canola Oil (Brassica napus)
Authors: Wijesundera Chakra , Ceccato Claudio , Fagan Peter , Shen Zhiping , Burton Wayne , Salisbury Phil 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCanola‐quality Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) is being developed as a complimentary oilseed crop to canola (Brassica napus) for cultivation in hot and low‐rainfall areas, where canola does not perform well. In Australia, several B. juncea breeding lines have been developed for commercial cultivation and for eventual processing as canola oil. However, there still are significant species‐based differences in the fatty acid composition with B. juncea containing lower levels of linoleic acid and higher levels of oleic and linolenic acids compared with B. napus. This has raised concern about possible oxidative stability differences between the oils. Oils (unrefined) extracted from different breeding lines of each species were subjected to accelerated autoxidation, and development of oxidative rancidity was assessed by four separate techniques: depletion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, depletion of tocopherol, development of primary oxidation products, and development of secondary oxidation products (propanal and hexanal). All the tests showed that the newly developed B. juncea oils are more stable to autoxidation than conventional canola (B. napus) oil, despite containing marginally higher linolenic levels. Oxidative stability does not appear to be a barrier to using oils from these emerging lines of B. juncea for partial or full replacement of conventional canola oil.
Effect of high-pressure treatment at various temperatures on indigenous proteolytic enzymes and whey protein denaturation in bovine milk
Authors: Moatsou Golfo , Bakopanos Constantinos , Katharios Dimitis , Katsaros George , Kandarakis Ioannis , Taoukis Petros , Politis Ioannis 
Published: June 2008

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of high pressure (HP) processing (200, 450 and 650 MPa) at various temperatures (20, 40 and 55°C) on the total plasmin plus plasminogen-derived activity (PL), plasminogen activator(s) (PA) and cathepsin D activities and on denaturation of major whey proteins in bovine milk. Data indicated that transfer of both PL and PA from the casein micelles to milk serum occurred at all pressures utilized at room temperature (20°C). In addition to the transfer of PL and PA from micelles, there were reductions in activities of PL (16–18%) and PA (38–62%) for the pressures 450 and 650 MPa, at room temperature. There were synergistic negative effects between pressure and temperature on residual PL activity at 450 and 650 MPa and on residual PA activity only at 450 MPa. Cathepsin D activity in the acid whey from HP-treated milk was in general baroresistant at room temperature. The residual activity of cathepsin D decreased significantly at 650 MPa and 40°C and at the pressures 450 and 650 MPa at 55°C. Synergistic negative effects on the amount of native β-lactoglobulin were observed at 450 and 650 MPa and on the amount of native α-lactalbumin at 650 MPa. There were significant correlations between enzymatic activities (PL, PA and cathepsin D) and the residual native β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin in bovine milk. In conclusion, HP significantly affected the activity of indigenous proteolytic enzymes and whey protein denaturation in bovine milk. Reduction in activity of indigenous enzymes (PL, PA and cathepsin D) and transfer of PL and PA from the casein to milk serum induced by HP is expected to have a profound effect on cheese yield, proteolysis during cheese ripening and quality of UHT milk during storage.
Temporal and between-site variation in helminth communities of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from N.E. Poland. 2. The infracommunity level
Authors: BEHNKE J. M. , BAJER A. , HARRIS P. D. , NEWINGTON L. , PIDGEON E. , ROWLANDS G. , SHERIFF C. , KULIŚ-MALKOWSKA K. , SIńSKI E. , GILBERT F. S. , BARNARD C. J. 
Published: June 2008

SUMMARYThe relative importance of temporal and spatial effects was assessed in helminth communities of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in 3 woodland sites in N.E. Poland in the late summers of 1999 and 2002. Among common species the rank order of sites in relation to prevalence and abundance of infection was maintained between surveys. Site effects accounted for most of the deviance (in statistical models), and time was less important, so the exact location from which voles were sampled was of critical importance. The only exception wasSyphacia petrusewiczi. In contrast, for derived measures such as species richness and diversity, most deviance was accounted for by host age, and the interaction between site and year was significant, implying that rank order of sites changed between years. Temporal effects on derived measures were generated primarily by a combination of relatively small changes in prevalence and abundance of the common, rather than the rare, species between the years of the study. In the medium-term, therefore, helminth communities of bank voles in N.E. Poland had a stable core, suggesting a substantial strong element of predictability.
A different story: exploring patterns of communication in residential dementia care
Authors: WARD RICHARD , VASS ANTONY A. , AGGARWAL NEERU , GARFIELD CYDONIE , CYBYK BEAU 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThis article reports findings from a three-year project on ‘Communication patterns and their consequences for effective care’ that explored communication in dementia-care settings. As the proportion of people with dementia living in British care-homes continues to grow, there is a need to understand better their care. Using a range of qualitative methods, the project set out to identify the constituent elements of dementia-care practice and the patterns that characterise day-to-day relations in care homes. The tightly prescribed and standardised nature of the interactions between staff and residents is described: it raises questions about the capacity for dementia care to be truly person-centred. The project found that people with dementia are both capable of communication, and invest much effort in seeking to engage those around them, but are excluded from the monitoring, planning and provision of care in ways that we argue are discriminatory. The case is made for promoting and supporting communication as key skills and competencies for care workers. The value of measuring the level and quality of communication as a means to evaluate care is demonstrated. The authors question the priorities that currently guide care practice and argue that we need to listen to people with dementia and rethink what lies at the heart of dementia care.
Visible and invisible ageing: beauty work as a response to ageism
Authors: CLARKE LAURA HURD , GRIFFIN MERIDITH 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper examines how older women experience and respond to ageism in relation to their changing physical appearances and within the context of their personal relationships and places of employment. We elucidate the two definitions of ageism that emerged in in-depth interviews with 44 women aged 50 to 70 years: the social obsession with youthfulness and discrimination against older adults. We examine the women's arguments that their ageing appearances were pivotal to their experience of ageism and underscored their engagement in beauty work such as hair dye, make-up, cosmetic surgery, and non-surgical cosmetic procedures. The women suggested that they engaged in beauty work for the following underlying motivations: the fight against invisibility, a life-long investment in appearance, the desire to attract or retain a romantic partner, and employment related-ageism. We contend that the women's experiences highlight a tension between being physically and socially visible by virtue of looking youthful, and the realities of growing older. In other words, social invisibility arises from the acquisition of visible signs of ageing and compels women to make their chronological ages imperceptible through the use of beauty work. The study extends the research and theorising on gendered ageism and provides an example of how women's experiences of ageing and ageism are deeply rooted in their appearances and in the ageist, sexist perceptions of older women's bodies.