bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aircraft sensor fault detection based on unknown input observers
Authors: Kiyak Emre , Çetin Ömer , Kahvecioğlu Ayşe 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to generate residuals which can be used to detect fault and isolate on a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft dynamic model.Design/methodology/approachIn the proposed approach, a generalized observer scheme method based on an unknown input observer is used for residual generation and applied to detect and isolate a faulty sensor. A bank of robust unknown input observers estimates the state variables of the system and gathers necessary information for fault detection and isolation purposes.FindingsA sinus signal is considered as a non‐linear disturbance in simulations. A failure simulation was prepared in different times. In this situation an unknown input observer should be designed which could predict the states of the system against the disturbances or unknown inputs. In the real world, there exist unknown inputs such as system non‐linearities, noise and disturbances. The paper shows that the system based on UIO is robust for unknown inputs mentioned above.Originality/valueIt is simulated on a VTOL dynamic model using MATLAB/Simulink. Any single sensor fault could be detected and isolated correctly. This kind of observer is also robust and flexible.
The determination of relative orbit for formation flying subject to J2
Authors: Jian‐feng Liu , Si‐yuan Rong , Nai‐gang Cui 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider relative navigation – a vital technology to satellites formation flying, and to propose a new concept for relative navigation determination along with a technical approach for its practical implementation.Design/methodology/approachThe determination of relative orbit is considered with the relative distance elevation and azimuth measurements about formation flying while the primary satellite is in a circle or ellipse orbit. This measurement is obtained by laser range finder and the estimations of the intersatellite relative position and velocity are obtained by utilizing the unscented Kalman filter instead of extended Kalman filter.FindingsThe simulation results show that the error of the relative position and velocity can be estimated with the order of cm and mm/s, respectively, under the effect of J2, converge faster than EKF, and then demonstrate that the approach is feasible.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a new concept for relative navigation determination and describes a technical approach for its practical implementation.
Vaxholm/Laval case: its implementations for trade unions
Authors: Gennard John 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this editorial is to examine the implementations of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) ruling in December 2007 on the Laval case in Sweden for trade unions.Design/methodology/approachThe editorial outlines the ECJ decision and then examines the response of the European Trade Union Confederation and the social partners and governments in Sweden and Denmark.FindingsThe ECJ upholds in European Union (EU) law the right to strike as a fundamental right and the right of a union to undertake industrial action against wage dumping. The judgement, however, restraints these rights to ensuring that foreign service providers are complying with the minimum employment standards as laid down in the host country legislation. Trade unions in the host county cannot undertake industrial action to force a foreign service provider to provide better terms and conditions of employment than that provided by the laws of the host country. The judgement implies that trade unions cannot in host countries by means of collective action, demand more than the legal minimum rate of pay from a company coming from a different EU member state.Originality/valueThe editorial offers insights into EU law and its implementations for preventing wage dumping between EU member states.
Union availability, union membership and immigrant workers
Authors: Turner Thomas , D'Art Daryl , O'Sullivan Michelle 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe paper's purpose is to examine the propensity of recent immigrants to join Irish trade unions compared to Irish workers.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is based on the 2005 Quarterly National Household Survey (QNHS), a quarterly survey carried out by the Central Statistics Office.FindingsResults show that immigrant workers are less likely to join Irish trade unions than comparable native workers. Length of residency is an important factor in the likelihood of immigrants being unionised but employment in the public or private sector assumes even greater importance than nationality in determining union membership.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the QNHS is generally a robust representative sample survey of the population, errors may occur in the proportion of non‐Irish nationals surveyed due to difficulties of ensuring their inclusion in the sample population. Language may also be an obstacle, particularly for recently arrived immigrants.Practical implicationsFrom a trade union perspective the results highlight the need for trade unions to regularly conduct organising campaigns targeted at immigrants. Government policy aimed at integrating immigrants into the Irish labour force and ensuring adequate labour standards would be well served by ensuring greater union availability to immigrant workers.Originality/valueThe paper provides a profile and analysis of the extent to which immigrants are joining trade unions compared to Irish workers.
Evaluating and rewarding OCBs
Authors: Bret Becton J. , Giles William F. , Schraeder Mike 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe paper aims to address a topic that has not been systematically studied in the organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), performance appraisal and rewards literature. Specifically, this paper seeks to examine the potential effects of rewarding OCBs by explicitly incorporating them into performance appraisal and reward systems.Design/methodology/approachA review of relevant theory and literature is provided and propositions concerning the possible effects of assessing and rewarding OCBs are offered.FindingsThe findings show that there are potential advantages and disadvantages of formally incorporating OCBs into performance appraisal systems and that it seems likely that more organisations will move toward formally measuring and rewarding OCBs.Originality/valueWhile most research indicates that OCBs are associated with positive outcomes, this paper also addresses potential negative consequences of formally evaluating and rewarding OCB.
Representing fixed‐term workers: the anatomy of a trade union campaign
Authors: Conley Hazel , Stewart Paul 
Published: September 2008

PurposeDrawing on literature that examines trade union representation of “non‐standard” workers, this paper aims to analyse the attempts of the Association of University Teachers (AUT) to integrate the interests of contract research staff (CRS) employed on fixed‐term contracts between 1974 and 2002. The paper examines the union campaign under five areas identified in the literature as important to the development of representation of non‐standard workers: trade union orientation to non‐standard workers; recruitment; participation; collective bargaining; extending representation beyond collective bargaining.Design/methodology/approachThe main sources of data are drawn from analyses of union documentation, including internal memoranda and reports dating back to 1974, which chart the antecedents and progress of the AUT campaign against casualisation. This is supported by participant and non‐participant observation of 14 union meetings and events coupled with data from 20 semi‐structured interviews with a range of national officers and local activists conducted between 1999 and 2002.FindingsThe data support previous research that has identified changing union orientations to non‐standard workers. In the AUT, recruitment of CRS was propelled by instrumental needs to build and extend a declining membership base, but active participation of members employed on fixed‐term contracts has influenced union democracy and the collective bargaining agenda. However, the results, in terms of concrete gains in job security for CRS, have been limited.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper examines a case study of one union in particular circumstances. Although the findings add to the general knowledge of union representation on non‐standard workers, the outcomes are specific to the case study union. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the effectiveness of the AUT campaign against casualisation whilst highlighting the implications for the development of conceptual and theoretical frameworks on the representation of “non‐standard” workers.Originality/valueThe paper provides unique and detailed historical data on one trade union's attempts to integrate the interests of academics employed on fixed‐term contracts into union structures originally designed to service one of the most secure sectors of the British workforce.
Beatrice and Sidney Webb and the intellectual origins of British industrial relations
Authors: Farnham David 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThis paper has the aim of revisiting the works of Beatrice and Sidney Webb in the field of industrial relations and assessing their intellectual contributions to the study of the labour market, unions and collective bargaining in Britain.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses the Webbs' studies of trade union history and union organisation, policy and methods that were first published at the end of the nineteenth century.FindingsIn refuting critiques of unions in the market economy by English classical and neo‐classical economists, and drawing on the ideas of the German school of historical economics, the Webbs incorporated organised labour into mainstream economic and political thought. Their major theoretical propositions were to set out an “agency model” of trade unions and an advanced system of democracy, in politics and at work, which unions would play a major part in promoting. In justifying the collectivisation of the employment relationship, the Webbs provided the intellectual foundations of the pluralist‐institutional model of industrial relations, which was built upon by other scholars following the end of the World War II. Their prediction that collective bargaining would decline in importance, as democracy matured, and be replaced by legal regulation, has taken place for reasons unforeseen by themselves.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is its reassessment of the Webbs' contribution to theory in the field and to the British collectivist tradition of industrial relations.
HRM and knowledge management
Authors: Runar Edvardsson Ingi 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThis paper sets out, first, to integrate HR strategies into knowledge management (KM) systems; second, to examine the type of HR strategies to be pursued and third, it looks at the probable behaviour effects of such a strategy in the creation, distribution and use of knowledge.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses recent literature on the link between KM and human resource management (HRM).FindingsThe HRM strategy and the general strategy of a firm make up the general KM strategies. Two were identified in this paper: exploitative strategy and explorative strategy. Both strategies have behaviour effects, which have some impact on the KM process. Thus, the exploitative strategy will put greater emphasis on knowledge storage, technical skills, as well as distributing explicit knowledge via IT solutions. This increases the risk that firms adopting such strategy will be locked into past design and to be unable to reach for future applications. Explorative strategy places greater weight on knowledge creation, as well as on human interaction to transfer tacit knowledge and use knowledge to increase innovation and new learning. Firms adopting such strategy tend to lack structure and processes to utilise the innovations into competitive advantages.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis of the paper is based on literature review, therefore the concepts developed in the paper need empirical testing.Originality/valueThis paper attempts to integrate HRM into KM systems.
The Trades Union Congress and civil alliance building: towards social movement unionism?
Authors: Parker Jane 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine why and how the Trades Union Congress (TUC) – the labour movement's peak body, “think tank” and exemplar – engages in alliance building with civil movements and groups. In particular, it investigates: the rationale for such; the nature of the alliances and the extent to which they inform TUC revival efforts or a new approach to trade unionism.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with eight senior TUC personnel. Most interviewees provided documentary evidence to elaborate on their comments. The dimensions of a thematic analysis of this and web site evidence were structured to reflect the above areas of inquiry.FindingsThe findings are that: interest in the TUC and labour movement in alliance building with civil groups is building at all levels; TUC engagement with, promotion of and guidance on civil alliances is largely emergent and sporadic; notwithstanding this, certain parts of the TUC have increased its promotion of and to a lesser extent direct engagement with alliances. It also is shown that: such engagement looks likely to continue to grow as a feature of other revival strategies and there is little assessment of whether alliance building can help strengthen the British labour movement.Practical implicationsThe findings inform the paper's discussion of potential TUC and union revival purpose, policy and practice.Originality/valueThis paper provides an in‐depth empirical study of the TUC's involvement in alliance building with other social movements and groups. Policy‐maker and practitioner interest in such is growing rapidly, particularly in light of the debatable effectiveness of familiar British union revival strategies.
Effects of labor market institutions and establishment characteristics on gender wage inequality in Africa
Authors: Temesgen Tilahun 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the major determinants of establishment level gender pay gap, with a particular focus on analysing the effects of labor market institutions.Design/methodology/approachA two‐stages procedure is used in analysing the varying impacts of labor market institutions and firm level characteristics on gender wage gaps in the Nigerian urban labor market, using information from worker and establishment level survey data.FindingsPrimarily it was found that labor market institutions such as unions, and firm characteristics such as ownership, affect the level of gender wage inequality at the firm level. It was also found that unions have significant influence on firm level gender wage gaps in Nigeria, where they are historically known to be strong. Specifically the paper shows that wage gaps are higher in unionized firms in Nigeria because women are generally less likely to join unions, thus being less likely to benefit from union‐induced wage premiums; and within unionized firms a higher rate of unionization tends to reduce gender wage gaps because the higher the rate of unionization in a firm, the higher becomes the probability of women being members, and that raises the likelihood that they get union induced wage premiums. Public enterprises however are found to be more gender‐egalitarian compared with private firms; and firm level investment on workers' training plays an important gender wage‐gap narrowing role.Originality/valueThe paper is original in that it investigates the relationships between institutions and labor market outcomes in an African context, using survey data from the most populous country in the region.
Citizenship, sexual identity and social exclusion
Authors: Concannon Liam 
Published: September 2008

PurposeCentral to the notion of citizenship is equality, social inclusion and social justice, yet heterosexual constructions of citizenship continue to privilege. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between citizenship, social policy and sexual identity, comparing experiences found in the UK and the USA.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines the concepts of nation, identity and belonging, taking account of normative discourses and structures such as the family, to illustrate how social policy creates second‐class status for lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgendered people (LGBT).FindingsThe paper finds that within the relationship between the state and LGBT citizens, there is institutional hostility towards LGBT people, and explores the ways in which policy makers characterise difference as abnormal, inferior, of less worth and importantly, problematic.Originality/valueThe paper is of value in discussing Queer theory and in seeking to challenge and transform the social exclusion of LGBT citizens, by contributing to the rise in new forms of citizenship. The paper takes account of evolving models of citizenship that seek to redress current inadequate mainstream structures.
To disclose or not to disclose?
Authors: Moore Ami , Kalanzi Dorothy N. , Amey Foster K. 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the patterns of self‐disclosure of HIV/AIDS infection and reasons respondents did not disclose their serostatus to their children.Design/methodology/approachConvenience sample of 151 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Lomé, Togo, was used. Semi‐structured interviews were administered.FindingsUnlike studies conducted in the USA, it was found that although all of the respondents had disclosed their status to HIV/AIDS service providers from whom they received help and support, they had low rates of disclosure to their significant others. For instance, only 12 per cent of the participants had disclosed to their mothers and 16 per cent had disclosed to their children. Additionally, reasons given by respondents for non‐disclosure of their infected status to their children were varied. Regardless of the age of the children, half of the parents believed that the children were either too young or were minors and should not know about their HIV infected status.Research limitations/implicationsImplications for helping people with HIV/AIDS, their service providers, and policy makers are discussed.Originality/valueThe study shows that HIV/AIDS service providers need to understand the family dynamics of PLWHA in Africa in order to appropriately help them to disclose.
Emiratisation: drawing UAE nationals into their surging economy
Authors: Al‐Ali Jasim 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine Emiratisation and its antecedents from the perspective of national policy impacting private sector organisations' cultures, working conditions and job specifications.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative and quantitative survey covers a sample of 20 executives or their peers in human resource management of large enterprises and relevant authorities in the public sector.FindingsBarriers to Emiratisation were found to include low standards of education and skills of potential employees, inadequate English, and a lack of trust by employers in the work‐readiness of United Arab Emirates (UAE) nationals. From individuals' perspectives, it was reported that the nationals considered that the private sector offered little career opportunity and low wages in comparison to the public sector.Research limitations/implicationsThis analysis may be viewed as a preliminary step to identify and prioritise the issues affecting Emiratisation. The paper's findings should be assessed from two perspectives. First, the key informants were from one region only, the Emirate of Dubai; and second, that this regionalism reflected on the breadth of companies approached to join the study. Thus, the findings of the present paper may be seen as preliminary in nature, and are intended to stimulate further research interest in factors impeding Emiratisation: government policy, organisational effectiveness and applicant preparedness.Originality/valueTo place Emiratisation in context, the literature on social capital predictors was examined to identify dimensions in the social fabric of the UAE and draw out parallel phenomena as themes for this study. With a paucity of Gulf literature on this theme, this paper augments social capital literature by analysis of opinion of business and public sector executives, illustrated by data drawn from the fields of banking and insurance in the private sector.
The normative ideas that underpin welfare‐to‐work measures for young people in Hong Kong and the UK
Authors: Dam Sam Yu Wai 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the similarities of the normative ideas underpinning the welfare‐to‐work measures for young people in Hong Kong and the UK. These normative ideas include the two respective Governments' views on their ideal model of the relationship between individual and society, and Etzioni's and Confucian ideas on how people's attempts to fulfill social obligations can reduce moral deficits. It is believed that the study of these issues contributes to the examination of the ethnocentric bias in the analysis of social welfare and different ways that non‐Western governments organize social welfare in response to foreign ideas.Design/methodology/approachThe paper starts by discussing the ethnocentric bias in the study of social welfare. Then it examines the similarities of the normative ideas of the welfare‐to‐work measures for young people in Hong Kong and the UK, and discusses how the examination of these similarities helps us understand the ethnocentric bias in the analysis of social welfare.FindingsThe paper shows the ethnocentric bias arising from over‐emphasizing the differences between the ways in which social welfare is organized in Western societies and non‐Western societies, and the ethnocentric bias arising from taking for granted that people in non‐Western societies passively accept the dominance of Western models in shaping the development of their social welfare system, even if it appears that Western ideas share many similarities to their indigenous ideas.Originality/valueThe paper shows different types of ethnocentric bias in the analysis of social welfare and different possible ways that non‐Western governments could organize social welfare in response to foreign ideas.
Social theory and emotion: sociological excursions
Authors: Powell Jason L. , Gilbert Tony 
Published: September 2008

PurposeUsing the distinction between “private problems” and “public issues” derived from Mill's “sociological imagination”, this paper aims to assess how diverse social theory approaches problematise and define the ways in which social life is shaped and organised with regard to “emotions”.Design/methodology/approachThe paper's approach is theoretical and novel in the interpretation of an under‐development theme in social theory, namely, that of emotion.FindingsThe paper found, on viewing differing sociological approaches, how emotion shifts the focus of our attention away from the idea of individual, private worlds of emotion to the wider context of social relations and the way in which language is used with power to identify subject positions.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a general literature.Originality/valueThis is an original paper as it is the first time diverse sociological theories have been pulled together to evince an understanding of what we understand by the concept, experience and symbol of “emotion”.