bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating the surgical and prosthodontic stages of implant therapy with a sterile implant position registration
Authors: Chan Richard W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new implant position registration technique utilizing an autoclavable thermoplastic material is described. This technique, which has been in use sine 1994, allows the clinician to fabricate a provisional restoration for insertion at stage II surgery to enhance the soft tissue contour and the aesthetics of the final restoration.
Resin‐ionomer restorative materials for children: A review
Authors: Hes K. M. Y. , Leung S. K. , Wei S. H. Y. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHybrid restorative materials comprising resins and components of conventional glass ionomers have been widely introduced and accepted by the dental profession in recent years. These include the resinmodified glass ionomer cements and the polyacidmodified resin composites or compomers. They are developed in an attempt to overcome the problems of traditional restoratives, such as moisture sensitivity and reduced early strength, while at the same time maintaining their clinical advantages of command setting, adhesion to tooth structures, adequate strength to occlusal load, fluoride release and aesthetics. This paper reviews the development, composition and properties, of these new materials. Their clinical performance appears to be promising and they should be considered as good alternatives to amalgam and other conventional restorative materials in the future.
Release of methyl methacrylate from heat‐curved and autopolymerized resins: Cytotoxicity testing related to residual monomer
Authors: Kedjarune Ureporn , Charoenworaluk Nongluk , Koontongkaew Sittichai 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThree heat‐cured and three autopolmerized arcylic denture bases with different mixing proportions and/or processing methods were investigated for the amount of resdidual monomer content and methyl methacrylate (MMA) released into saliva after incubation during the first and second 24 house after processing. A corresponding range of concentrations of mma was also used to test for cell cytotoxicity using a culture of human oral fibroblasts. The results showed that the amount of residual monomer was dependent not only on the type of polymerization but also on the amount of liquid in the mixture ratio and the processing method. The acrylic resin that had the lowest residual monomer also released the smalllest amount of MMA but resins which have higher residual monomer may not necessarily release higher amounts of MMA. MMA, tested in the same range of concentration as the MMA found leached from acrylic resin in this study, was found to be toxic in the cell culture. Therefore, it is recommended that dentists attempt to reduce the amount of leachable substances before insertion of new dentures. In addition, it is recommended that dentists advise their patients not to wear newly made dentures overnight, as this may cause mucosal irritation from the potential accumulation of leachable substances.
Ethnic dental analysis of shovel and Carabelli's traits in a Chinese population
Authors: Hsu John W. , Tsai Pei L. , Hsiao Tin H. , Chang Hong P. , Liu Li M. , Liu Keh M. , Yu Hsin S. , Ferguson Donald 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChinese population differ from Caucasoids by having a high prevalence of shovel trait and a low prevalence of Carabelli's trait. This study was conducted to investigate the association between the shovel and the Carabelli's traits in a Chinese population. The research design investigated a Chinese population that resides in southern Taiwan. The ancestors of this Chinese population migrated to Taiwan from mainland China, mainly from Fukien and Kwangtung. The effects of sex and age on Carabelli's trait were controlled in this investigation, as was the association between tooth size and Carabelli's trait. Results show that males were more likely to have Carabelli's trait expressed on teeth than females. The buccolingual diameter of Carabelli's trait teeth was larger than that of teeth without the trait. After controlling for sex, age, and tooth size, the existence of the shovel trait increased the likelihood of having Carabelli's trait by a factor of five and a half, which is a significant effect.
Restoring the vertical dimension of mandibular incisors with bonded ceramic restorations
Authors: Wylie S. G. , Tan H‐K. , Brooke K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMandibular incisors are difficult to restore with conventional anterior crowns due to their small axial diameters. Crown preparation risks pulp exposure and results in a thin core of dentine. An experiment was designed to determine if increasing the thickness of ceramic to restore incisal edges affects the load at the point of restoration failure. Forty‐eight mandibular incisors were randomly divided into four groups. The incisal edges of the teeth in three groups were reduced so that the coronal height was 7.5 mm (Group A), 6.5 mm (Group B), and 5.5 mm (Group C). Group D was designated as the experimental control. A fifth group (Group E), independent of the random sample, was introduced to the study for discussion purposes and was characterized by each of the incisors having an intact incisal edge of enamel. Groups A, B and C were prepared in a standard fashion for cermaic veneer restorations that were constructed to restore the vertical height of each tooth to 8.5 mm. Prior to cementation, the preparation surfaces were analysed and the relative surface areas of enamel and dentine were calculated. The ceramic restorations were cemented using a resin luting agent. The teeth were then thermocycled prior to loading at 135d̀C until failure. The mean fracture load was 305 N (SD 134 N) for Group A, 403 N (SD 101 N) for Group B, 515 N (SD 296 N) for Group C, 587 N (SD 187 N) for Group D and 395 N (SD 129 N) for Group E. As determined by analysis of variance followed b a Sheffè multiple comparison test there was a significant difference (p£0.01) between Group A and Group D. There were no significant correlations of load at failure with the percentage of exposed dentine, enamel surface area, total preparation surface area, and the incisal surface area. The patterns of failure of the fractured specimens were also analysed. There were significantly (p£0.05) greater fractures of the ceramic restorations when they were bonded with the minimum incisal thickness of ceramic.
The surface effect of dentifrices
Authors: Meyers I. A. , McQueen M. J. , Harbrow D. , Seymour G. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate clinically three commercially available dentifrices and to determine any surface effects on tooth or gingival surfaces. Sixty‐four participants were included in this study and were allocated randomly to one of four treatment groups by an independent person to ensure the investigators were unaware of the brushing material used. All toothbrushes and dentifrices were distributed by this independent person. The treatment groups were: Group 1‐ brush with water; Group 2 ‐ brush with colgate (Baking Soda nad Peroxide); Group 3‐ brush with Colgate (Sensation Whitening).All participants were requested to brush both morning and evening in their customary fashion using only the designated toothpaste, or water, for four weeks. All participants were required to use the same toothbrush type. No other oral hygiene products such as mouth rinses or dental floss were used during the trial period. Prior to commencement of the brushing period, all participants received a full clinical examination recording the status of the soft and hard tissues including a ginginval index (Löe and Silness) to record gingival condition. A polyvinyl siloxane impression was taken of the six anterior teeth and gingival tissues at the commencement of the trial. After four weeks, a second full clinical examination was made and further silicone impressions were taken of the anterior teeth. All impressions were cast in epoxy resin for investigation with light and electron microscopy. Participants were also asked to answer a questionnaire relating to the toothpaste used. The results of this study indicated that no significant clinical differences were recorded for any dentifrice or water and there was no significant difference in gingival index scores over the four week period. Patient responses to each dentifrice varied according to individual patient preferences and expectations and no consistent findings could be determined. Light and electron microscopy indicated that tooth and gingival surface changes that occurred over the four week period with any of the dentifrices were similar to, and not significantly different from, changes seen with the use of water alone. These results indicate that none of the dentifrices tested was harmful to teeth or soft tissues.
Clinical assessment in dental education: A new method
Authors: Tennant Marc , Scriva Jose 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAmong the many challenges that face modern dental schools is the development of appropriate assessment systems. The more litigious nature of modern education makes it important that the systems developed are transparent and can withstand the processes of legal challenge. Coupled with this demand for robust assessment is a growing demand from universities and health providers for dental schools to keep rigorous records of student clinical productivity. This brief review outlines a system developed at the School of Oral health Sciences at the University of Western Australia. The system integrates both qualitative and quantitative assessment and uses criterion‐based assessment as its foundation. Detailed analysis and real‐time reporting mechanisms using a suite of personally written software tools is now possible. The system provides both students and staff with effective data to enhance the learning process.
Continuing dental education in osseointegrated implants. A survey
Authors: Brandt RL , Fitzpatrick BJ , Moloney FB , Bartold PM 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA survey of participants in a continuing education course in osseointegrated implants was carried out to determine dentists' attitudes toward such courses and how they were integrating implants into their everday practice. The results indicated, despite the intense program, very few general dentists who attended such a course chose to actively participate in implant placement and a moderate number chose to carry out prosthetic restoration. Those who attended such courses appeared satisfied with the course content, appreciated the difficulties involved with implant placement and restoration and generally chose to refer such cases to appropriate specialists for management. This pilot study confirms dental implants are a popular and accepted mode of therapy. However, general dental practitioners who take the time to undergo specific training in osseointegrated implants appear to be less inclined to actively participate in the placement (surgery) of implants. Following appropriate training, many general practitioners felt comfortable in performing the restorative/prosthetic aspect of implant treatment of single tooth rather than partial of full denture cases. In conclusion, while continuing education courses in osseointegrated implants are becoming increasingly popular, this survey indicates participants become aware of the complexity of the procedures involved and tend to actively participate mainly in the prosthetic reconstruction of simple cases.
Antibiotic prescribing practices by South Australian general dental practitioners
Authors: Jaunay Tom , Dambrook Paul , Goss Alastair 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe prescribing habits of a randomly selected approximately 10 per cent sample of South Australian general dental practitioners were obtained by postal questionnaire. Sixty‐eight (61 per cent) usable replies were received and analysed. Generally, there was an appropriate level of knowledge of antibiotic prescription. However, there was a tendency toward over‐prescription and a demonstrated lack of knowledge of the incidence of adverse reactions, development of multiresistant strains and prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis. All of these areas are real challenges to the profession, whether in an overall global community health sense or in a highly individualized clinical or medico‐legal sense. These issues are discussed and the profession is urged to reconsider and re‐educate itself on these challenges.
A survey of the distribution and types of full crowns prescribed in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Stankiewicz Nikolai Ramsay , Wilson Peter Robert 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe full crowns made by 11 commercial dental laboratories in Melbourne, Australia, were surveyed over a two‐month period. The survey was designed to find which teeth were crowned and what types of full crowns were prescribed. Maxillary central incisors were found to be the most frequently crowned teeth (15.6 per cent) and porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal crowns were the most commonly prescribed type of crown (82.9 per cent). This study may form a baseline with which other Australian studies may be compared and contrasted.
In vitro fluoride release from aesthetic resorative materials following recharging with APF gel
Authors: Peng Dong , Smales Roger J. , Yip Hak Kong , Shu Man 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this in vitro study, the fluoride ion release from three more‐viscous conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) ‐ ChemFlex, Fuji IX GP, lonofil Molar ‐ four polyacid‐modified resin composites (compomers) ‐ Dyract AP, Compoglass F, Freedom, F2000 ‐ and a hybrid resin composite ‐ Ariston pHc ‐ were compared. The amounts of fluoride release from 3b2.7mm specimens were measured over six weeks using a fluoride ion‐selective electrode. After six weeks, the specimens were recharged with 2ml of 1.23 per cent acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel for four minutes. The recharged specimens were then assessed for the amounts of fluoride release over another six weeks. Statistical analyses were performed using one‐way and repeated measures ANOVA. The GICs and Compoglass F showed significantly higher initial fluoride release rates during the first two days (p<0.05). After the first two days, fluoride release rates from all materials dropped quickly and became essentially stabilized within three‐five weeks, in an exponential mode. The recharging of the specimens with APF gel caused a brief, but significant, increase in fluoride release for all materials (p<0.05), before decreasing to previous comparable rates. Compoglass F released relatively more fluoride, and Ariston pHc relatively less, after APF gel application than before. The lowest total amounts over the study were released by Dyract AP and Freedom. The newer compomers, as well as the newer more‐viscous GICs, appear to act as fluoride reservoirs to varying extents.
The increasing problem of hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Coates EA , Walsh L. , Logan R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe widespread incidence of hepatitis C (HCV) infection throughout the community is of concern. Although many of those infected will not suffer significantly from their infection, up to one‐third will have liver disease, fatigue and oral health problems. General dental practitioners need to be aware of the precautions necessary in traeating people with severe liver disease. This paper discusses the issues associated with treating patients who have HCV infection including the importance of preventive programs to reduce dental pathology and maximise oral health.
Dental Complications of Head and Neck Radiotherapy: Part 2
Authors: Andrews Nectarios , Griffiths Chris 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRadiotherapy for head and neck tumours is a viable treatment modality. However, a wide range of potentially debilitating dental complications may accompany the treatment. In Part 2 of this article, prevention and management strategies available to the dental practitioner to stave off the dental side effects of radiotherapy are explored and particular attention is given to the management of xerostomia and radiation caries.
A Radiographic Assessment of the Prevalence of Pulp Stones in Australians
Authors: Ranjitkar S. , Taylor JA , Townsend GC 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Pulp stones are discrete calcified bodies found in the dental pulp. The aims of this study were to calculate the prevalence of pulp stones in young Australian adults using radiographs, and to report any associations between occurrence of pulp stones and sex, tooth type, dental arch, side and dental status.Methods: From 217 undergraduate dental students, comprising 123 males and 94 females aged between 17–35 years, 3296 teeth were examined under 2x magnification on bitewing radiographs. Pulp stones were scored as present or absent, and associations with sex, tooth type, dental arch, side and dental status noted.Results: Pulp stones were found in 100 (46.1 percent) of the subjects and 333 (10.1 per cent) of the teeth examined. Occurrences were rare in premolars (0.4 per cent) but significantly higher in molars (19.7 per cent). Pulp stones were significantly more common in first molars than in second molars, and in maxillary first molars than in mandibular first molars. Carious and/or restored maxillary right first molars and maxillary left second molars displayed higher prevalences of pulp stones than unrestored and intact molars.Conclusion: Pulp stones may provide useful forensic information when examining dental records to identify deceased persons.
Oral Cancer in Australia: 1983–1996
Authors: Sugerman PB , Savage NW 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: The aims of this study were to identify differences in oral cancer incidence and mortality between sexes, age groups, oral sites and Australian States and Territories and recent trends in oral cancer incidence, mortality and age‐profile over time.Methods: Data were obtained from the Australian Institute for Health and Welfare and were age‐standardized to the Australian 1991 Population Standard. Differences and trends were assessed with the Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐ranks test and the Spearman correlation test, respectively.Results: In Australia in 1996, there were 2173 new oral cancers and 400 deaths due to oral cancer, the majority of oral cancers were in the 60+ age group, oral cancer affected men more than women (>2:1), lip cancer accounted for more than 50 per cent of oral cancers and the oral cancer mortality‐to‐incidence (M:I) ratio was greatest in ACT and NSW and least in QLD and SA. From 1983 to 1996, the annual incidence of lip cancer increased while the M:I ratio of lip cancer decreased. The annual incidence of cervical cancer decreased whereas the annual incidence of intra‐oral cancer remained constant. The M:I ratio of cervical cancer was consistently lower than the M:I ratio of intra‐oral cancer.Conclusions: Reducing exposure to environmental carcinogens, increasing public awareness and population screening may reduce the incidence and mortality of oral cancer in Australia.
Chronic Dental Infections Mimicking Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Ogi N. , Nagao T. , Toyama M. , Ariji E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Trismus and jaw pain are not only caused by temporomandibular disorders (TMD), but also by various pathologies, namely infection, trauma, or neoplasms. TMD‐like symptoms, as a result of the pathologies, may be confusing to a clinician. This paper reports two cases of chronic dental infection mimicking TMD.Methods: Two patients were initially diagnosed with, and treated for, TMD. However, the patients did not respond to the treatment. Limited range of motion and jaw pain were then clinically evaluated for differential diagnoses. Laboratory examinations and computerized tomography (CT) scans were carried out to disclose any underlying lesion.Results: Laboratory examination, such as, C‐reactive protein helped to detect latent infection. CT scans revealed insidious chronic dental infection imitating TMD. Surgical drainage and chemotherapy resolved the symptoms.Conclusion: The importance of a rational diagnostic process, including clinical and laboratory examinations and radiologic imaging, cannot be over‐emphasized in elucidating true cause of the symptoms.
A Survey of Dental and Oral Trauma in South‐East Queensland During 1998
Authors: Wood EB , Freer TJ 
Published: March 2008

Background: This project investigated the aetiology of dental and oral trauma in a population in southeast Queensland. The literature shows there is a lack of dental trauma studies which are representative of the general Australian population. Method: Twelve suburbs in the south‐east district of Queensland were randomly selected according to population density in these suburbs for each 25th percentile. All dental clinics in these suburbs were eligible to participate. Patients presenting with dental and oral trauma were eligible to participate. Results: A total of 197 patients presented with dental/oral trauma over a 12 month period. The age of patients ranged from 1–64 years whilst the most frequently presenting age group was 6–10 years. There was a total of 363 injured teeth with an average of 1.8 injured teeth per patient. Males significantly outnumbered females in the incidence of trauma. Conclusions: The highest frequency of trauma occurred in the 6–10 year age group. Most injuries in this group occurred while playing or riding bicycles. In the next most prevalent trauma group, 16–20 years, trauma occurred as a result of fighting and playing sport. Overall, males significantly outnumbered females by approximately 1.8: 1.0. The majority of injuries in the deciduous dentition were to periodontal tissues. In the secondary dentition most injuries were to hard dental tissue and pulp.
Screening for Latex Allergy with A Questionnaire: Comparison with Latex Skin Testing in a Group of Dental Professionals
Authors: Katelaris CH , Widmer RP , Lazarus RM , Baldo B. 
Published: March 2008

Background: Latex allergy has emerged as an important cause of allergic reactions particularly in health workers. Due to the lack of a standardized extract for objective skin testing a screening questionnaire was developed. Methods: At the 1995 Australian Dental Association Conference, all attendees were invited to complete a questionnaire and undergo skin testing to assess the level of latex allergy in this population and to assess the performance of the questionnaire as a screening test for latex allergy. Results: The questionnaire had high specificity but poor sensitivity compared to skin testing with latex extract. Conclusion: This study compares at risk individuals identified by a screening questionnaire with those identified by objective skin testing. A questionnaire designed to screen for latex allergy was reliable for identifying those with low risk whhile overestimating those at risk of true latex allergy, demonstrating the need for objective testing with reliable allergens.