bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIGITAL STATISTICS AS A MEANS OF LANGUAGE MANIPULATION IN THE MEDIA
Authors: Журавлев Д.М. 
Published: April 2024

В современную эпоху информационных войн средства массовой информации (СМИ) ищут эффективные средства манипулирования массовым сознанием реципиентов. Одним из таких средств манипуляции является цифровая статистика. Цель настоящего исследования состоит в определении роли цифровой статистики как средства языкового манипулирования в современных СМИ. Формируемые статистикой информационные данные дают точное описание происходящих событий. Статистические данные обладают такими свойствами, как актуальность, наглядность, конкретность и официозность, что придает им особое значение в системе средств массовой информации. Вероятность принятия за истину сомнительной информации, размещенной в СМИ, возрастает, если закрепить за ней статистические данные. Потому цифровая статистика рассматривается как один из самых мощных инструментов воздействия на человека. В статье анализируется вопрос языкового манипулирования в свете цифровой статистики в русскоязычных и англоязычных СМИ. Обозначены сферы жизнедеятельности людей, в которых более всего используется манипулирование цифровой информацией.
In the era of information wars, modern mass media are looking for effective means of manipulating the mass consciousness of recipients. One of such means of manipulation is digital statistics. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of digital statistics as a means of language manipulation in modern media. The information data generated by statistics gives an accurate description of the events taking place. Statistical data have such properties as relevance, visibility, concreteness and officiousness, which give them special importance in the system of mass media. The probability of accepting dubious information posted in the mass media as the truth increases if statistical data is attached to it. Therefore, digital statistics is regarded as one of the most powerful tools to influence people. The article analyzes the issue of language manipulation in the light of digital statistics in Russian- and English-language media. The spheres of human activity in which the manipulation of digital information is most used are indicated. Digital statistics is understood as one of the means of language manipulation in the media. The role of digital statistics and its impact on the addressee is determined.
New Light on Dark Extended Lenses with the Roman Space Telescope
Authors: DeRocco William , Smyth Nolan , Takhistov Volodymyr 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Roman Space Telescope’s Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey will constitute the most sensitive microlensing survey of the Galactic bulge to date, opening up new opportunities to search for dark matter (DM). Many extensions of the Standard Model predict the formation of extended DM substructures, such as DM subhalos, boson/axion stars, and halo-dressed primordial black holes. We demonstrate that for such targets, Roman will be sensitive to a broad parameter space up to 4 orders of magnitude below existing constraints. Our analysis can be readily applied to other extended DM configurations as well.
Satellite Visibility During the 2024 April Total Eclipse
Authors: Lawler Samantha M. , Rein Hanno , Boley Aaron C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
On 2024 April 8, tens of millions of people across North America will be able to view a total solar eclipse. Such astronomical events have been important throughout history, but with nearly 10,000 satellites in orbit, we question whether total eclipses will now reveal a sky full of satellites, fundamentally changing this experience for humanity. Using the current population of Starlink satellites, we find that the brightest satellites would be naked-eye visible in dark skies, but the high sky brightness during totality will make them undetectable to the unaided eye. Our model does not take into account the effects of chance reflections from large, flat surfaces like solar panels, which we expect will cause glints and flares that could be visible from large satellites and abandoned rocket bodies. Time-lapse all-sky imaging might reveal satellites during the eclipse.
Cutaneous Vascular Anomalies: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Somashekhar Sachin , Loganathan Eswari , Ramesh Heera 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Vascular anomalies are a group of disorders that are divided into two categories: tumors and malformations. Given the vast diversity of clinical presentations with overlapping signs and symptoms, diagnosis can be difficult.

Objective:
We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the common cutaneous vascular anomalies encountered in our outpatient department.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 28 patients suspected to be having cutaneous vascular anomalies were screened and subjected to biopsy. The diagnosis was based on clinicopathological correlation.

Results:
In our study, pyogenic granuloma was the most common vascular anomaly seen in 25% of patients; majority of these patients gave a history of trauma and spontaneous bleeding. It was followed by angiokeratoma (17.8%), infantile hemangioma, port-wine stain, and verrucous hemangioma which was seen in 10.7% of patients. Other common vascular anomalies included are glomus tumor and tufted angioma.

Conclusion:
Vascular anomalies comprise a spectrum of diseases, diagnosis of which is often challenging. Accurate diagnosis is critical to generate a management plan for the patient. Our study highlights the varied clinical spectrum of vascular tumors that we come across in clinical practice and it will increase familiarity of the various clinical presentations, thereby enabling clinicians to better identify and manage these challenging entities.
Effects of SNPs on TNF-α and IL-10 cytokine expression in TB and HIV patients in the Capricorn district, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: A Manabile Mosebo , C Maguga-Phasha Tibello , E Makgatho Marema 
Published: April 2024

Background: The impact of Tuberculosis (TB) places an immense burden on the health care system. Infection with HumanImmunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a significant risk factor in the development and progression of TB disease. Single NucleotidePolymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Tumour Necrotic Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) may playa major role in the disease mechanism and understanding these mechanisms might prove to be a useful diagnostic tool in evaluatingthe immune regulation and progression of the disease.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between cytokine levels and gene variants of Interleukin-10 and TumourNecrotic Factor Alpha in TB and HIV-infected participants.
Methods: Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA, and SNPs were determined by MassArray®.
Results: The levels of TNF-α were higher in the TB group than the HIV (p < 0.001) and TB-HIV (p = 0.011) groups, but similar to the TNF-α levels in the control group. In the HIV group, IL-10 levels were higher than those of the TB (p < 0.001) and control groups (p = 0.039), whereas there was no difference between the IL-10 levels in the HIV and the TB-HIV infection groups. The ratio was determined and there were no differences between the four infection groups. In this study, no associations were detected between the circulating plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-10 and their genotypes.
Conclusion: Our data showed that the gene variants were not associated with circulating plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in our study population. A pro-inflammatory environment was found in the TB and TB-HIV groups, which is suggesting of bacterial clearance, while an anti-inflammatory environment was found in the HIV group, which suggests the suppression ofviral replication.
Keywords: Tuberculosis; Human immunodeficiency virus; interleukin-10.
Haematological parameter among drug resistant tuberculosis patients in Ibadan
Authors: Daniel Adewole Pelumi , Deborah Ogundipe Tosin , Samuel Alabi Olumuyiwa , Nuhu Abdulrazak 
Published: April 2024

Background: Haematological abnormalities are common among tuberculosis patients but there is dearth of information on their value as prognostic markers in multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients. This study examined the association between complete blood count variables and drug resistant tuberculosis.
Materials and methods: Nighty (90) consenting adults comprising 30 Drug Resistant Tuberculosis patients (DR-TB), 30 Drug susceptible tuberculosis patients (DS-TB) and 30 healthy participants were recruited in this study. Ethical approval was obtained from Oyo State Ministry of Health Institutional Review Board while patients’ demographic data were collected using structured questionnaire. Five milliliters (5mL) of blood samples were collected in EDTA bottle. Haematological parameters were analysed using impedance technique and Mindary-BG5380 5-part automated system.
Result: The mean hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in DR-TB patients (11.70 ± 2.73 g/dL) than in DS-TB patients (8.33 ± 9.56 fL), with a mean difference of -3.37 ± 12.29 g/dL. The mean MCH and MCHC levels were also slightly lower in DR-TB patients (26.17 ± 3.44 pg and 30.41 ± 1.92 g/dL, respectively), but the differences were not statistically significant. The WBC count was similar in both groups (8.20 ± 3.80 × 10^9 /L and 8.45 ± 3.63 × 10^9 /L, respectively).
Conclusion: The mean hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in DR-TB patients than in DS-TB patients which may be due to the increased inflammation associated with DR-TB. The WBC count was similar in both groups, suggesting that the immune system is responding similarly to the infection in both DR-TB and DS-TB patients.Recommendation: In the meantime, healthcare providers should be aware of these potential differences and use them to inform their diagnosis and treatment of patients with tuberculosis.
Keywords: Haematological parameters; drug resistant tuberculosis; Ibadan.
Preconception and contraceptive care for women living with HIV/AIDS attending antiretroviral treatment clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyibo Samuel , Oghenewoke Atariata , O Balogun Mary , Maurice-Joel Ugbe Ugbe 
Published: April 2024

Background: Women living with HIV/AIDS possess fertility desires similar to their uninfected counterparts, and with advances in health therapies, these women can realistically have and raise uninfected children. Preconception care (PC) is a specialized form of intervention aimed at the prevention, identification, treatment, and management of biomedical, behavioural, and social conditions that militate against safe motherhood and the delivery of healthy offspring.
Objective: The study aimed to assess preconception and contraceptive care among women living with HIV and attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinics in Alimosho, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Methods: This was a descriptive facility-based cross-sectional study of 383 women of reproductive age living with HIV/AIDS and attending ART clinics in the study area. Probability sampling methods were used in the selection procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and univariate logistic regression at a 5% level of significance. Stratified and simple random sampling were used in the selection process.
Results: Only 37.4% of respondents received optimal PC services. Being 20-29 years old [OR =1.716 (95% CI: 1.664, 1.769), p = 0.020], being 30-39 years [OR =1.514 (95% CI: 0.598, 3.831), p = 0.005], tertiary education [OR =8.43. (95% CI: 1.41, 18.5), p = 0.020], and being single [OR =2.00 (95% CI: 1.928-2.072), p = 0.002] were significantly related to the utilization of contraceptives.
Conclusion: There is a need to provide structure and guidelines for optimal streamlined PC and contraceptive services for women living with HIV/AIDS.
Keywords: Preconception care; contraceptive care; HIV/AIDS; women.
Clinicopathological study of otomycosis in a tertiary hospital in South-west Nigeria
Authors: A Sogebi Olusola , A Oyewole Emmanuel , A Osinupebi Olubunmi 
Published: April 2024

Background: Otomycosis is common in environments with hot, humid weather, and it may be challenging to manage.
Objectives: To profile common clinical presentations, the pathogenic fungi, the treatment modalities with responses, and exploreclinical factors associated with having positive fungal culture in Otomycosis.
Methods: Retrospective review of patients with Otomycosis. Demographic and clinical parameters, otoscopic findings andmycological study results were recorded. The treatment modalities used and treatment response were summarized. Comparativestatistical analyses of associated factors to positive fungal culture were performed with Chi square test, and Student’s t-test, usingSPSS version 22.0
Results: Total of 71 patients with M: F=1:1.8, mean age 38.5±19.8 years. Average duration of symptoms was 5.4 ±4.6 weeks;common presenting complaint was itchy ear (33.8%). Majority of patients (85.9%) had unilateral ear involvement, 50.0% appliedototopic medications before presentation, 8.5% had multiple co-morbidities. 20 patients had positive fungal culture results; commonfungal isolate was Aspergillus niger 9 (45.0%).Clinical factors associated with positive culture of fungus were age, non-previous use of ototopic drugs, and presence ofco-morbidity. The most common treatment was local ear debridement and use of topical antifungal creams. Majority (91.5%)of the patients responded with resolution of fungal infection. Complications rate was 8.4%.
Conclusions: Otomycosis commonly present with itchy ears, the pathogenic fungi commonly being Aspergillus species. Thefactors associated with positive fungal culture were age, non-usage of ototopic agents and presence of co-morbidity. Treatmentmodality used was local debridement and topical antifungal agents, which produced favourable response in most patients.
Keywords: Otomycosis; mycology; presentations; treatment; complications; associations.
The Hidden World of Insect-Plant Interactions: a review
Authors: Fufa Diriba , Getu Emana 
Published: April 2024

This review examines the hidden world of plant-insect interactions by emphasizing on the sensory perception and behavior of phytophagous insects, nutritional influence on insect reproduction, host plant resistance, Insects, weed and crop interaction, Insect pollinator plant interaction, tri-trophic interaction, and insect biotechnology. It explores how insects use sensory cues to forage for food, find mates, perceive dangers, and navigate their environment. It also examines the influence of host plants on insect behavior and the use of chemical cues for communication. The potential use of semio-chemicals in pest management for sustainable agriculture is highlighted. Nutritional factors and their impact on insect reproductive success are also discussed, emphasizing the need for balanced diets. The different categories of host plant resistance and their effects on insects are examined. The interdependent relationships between insects, plants, and weeds in agricultural ecosystems are explored, with a focus on the role of insect pollinators. The decline of insect pollinators and the importance of studying them are emphasized. The importance of tri-trophic interactions in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity is discussed. Moreover, the role of biotechnological techniques like genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and epigenetics in understanding insect plant interactions as well as developing insect pest control strategies is discussed. The potential use of natural products produced by plants in environmentally friendly pest control methods is also examined. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive exploration of insect-plant interactions and the potential for sustainable pest control methods.
Management Challenges And Outcome Of Juvenile Onset Respiratory Papillomatosis In A Tertiary Hospital In North Central Nigeria: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Omokanye H.K. , Ayodele S.O. , Afolabi O.A. , Segun-Busari S. , Alabi B.S. , Dunmade A.D. , Ologe F.E. 
Published: April 2024

Background/Aim: Juvenile Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (JoRRP) is a benign tumour attributed to human papillomavirus infection with a high propensity to recur despite appropriate treatment. It is relatively rare but the commonest benign tumour of the larynx in children. This study is aimed at evaluating its management challenges.
Materials and methods: This was a retrospective review of patients with JoRRP at Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Department, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital over a 7-year period. The patients' biodata, mode of presentations, surgical care, histopathological findings and management outcome were reviewed.
Results: A total number of ten patients were diagnosed with JoRRP during the study period. Male to female ratio was 1:1. All the children were delivered per vaginal and sixty percent were first children of their mothers. Hoarseness, breathy voice and worsening difficulty in breathing were the presentation in 7 (70%) of cases, while 3 (30%) presented with only hoarseness and breathy voice. They all presented first to General Practitioners and Paediatricians before ENT Specialist assessment and six (60%) patients presented to ENT department 6 months or more after the onset of symptoms. They all had direct laryngoscopy and excisional biopsy of laryngeal papillomatous lesions. Thirty percent had tracheostomy done. There is a statistical significant relationship between tracheostomy rate and recurrence rate of JoRRP.
Conclusion: JoRRP is a rare but potentially life-threatening benign tumor of the respiratory tract. Most of our patients presented late and were misdiagnosed at presentation. The key to good management outcome remains early diagnosis, adequate management and regular follow-up.
Prophylactic antibiotic use in transrectal prostatic needle biopsy; a randomized control trial of Targeted versus Empirical antibiotic prophylaxis
Authors: Mohammed Taofiq O. , Popoola Ademola A. , Ajape Abdulwahab A. , Akanbi II Aliu A. , Bello Jibril O. , Amadu Dele O. , Kuranga Sulaiman A. , Egbuninwe Arinzechukwu M. , Olanipekun Hamid B. 
Published: April 2024

Background: Prostate biopsy is one of the most performed urological procedures. It is a generally safe procedure, however, there has been increasing incidence of life-threatening infective complications such as sepsis due to a global rise in antibiotic resistance.
Methodology: This study aimed to determine whether targeted antibiotic prophylaxis using rectal swab MCS-directed antibiotics is more effective than empirical antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing infective complications after transrectal prostatic needle biopsy at a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Ninety-two consenting patients were prospectively randomized into 2 equal arms using a computer-generated random sequence. Forty-six patients received targeted antibiotic prophylaxis based on rectal swab MCS, while the remainder received empirical antibiotic prophylaxis as per local protocol. All patients underwent sextant transrectal prostatic needle biopsy and were subsequently followed up for 1months to assess for infective complications. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Statistical significance was set at P ≤0.05.
Results: The average age of the patients studied was 68.3yrs (48-91±8.3yrs). Both groups were comparable at baseline. Overall, there were 7(7.6%) cases of infectious complications. Most of these complications occurred in the empirical prophylaxis group (6 (13 %) vs. 1 (2 %), P– 0.049). These were also more severe than those in the targeted arm.
Conclusions: Targeted antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of infectious complications compared with empirical antibiotic prophylaxis after transrectal prostate needle biopsy. This method should be considered in patients at a high risk of infective complications.
Patterns of head and neck lesions among HIV/AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital in Tanzania
Authors: Abraham Zephania , Daudi Irene , Kahinga Aveline 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Head and neck lesions associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus are considered to occur in over 50% of HIV- positive patients and occur in nearly 80% of all patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has led to a remarkable reduction in the global burden of such lesions. Suppose such lesions are undiagnosed or untreated on a prompt basis. In that case, they may cause morbidity and mortality since some lesions, for example, head and neck cancers may interfere with vital functions of life such as respiration, deglutition, and speech. This study determined head and neck lesions among HIV/AIDS patients in Tanzania.
Methods: This was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study that recruited 222 HIV/AIDS patients at a care and treatment clinic at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital. Physical examination and laboratory investigations (histopathology, viral load and CD4 counts) were collected and data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. P-value<0.05 was statistically significant.
Results: Of all the 222 patients recruited in this study, 26 (11.7%) had head and neck lesions. Most patients with head and neck lesions were females (57.6%). Half of the patients (50.0%) were between 40 and 59 years old. About 21 (80.8%) patients were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS within two years, and 22 (84.6%) were initially diagnosed with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/μL. The most common head and neck lesion was oral candidiasis (46.2%) and others were cervicofacial lymphadenitis (15.4%), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (laryngeal and hypopharyngeal) (11.5%), sinonasal Kaposi’s sarcoma (7.7%), odontogenic abscess (7.7%) and aphthous ulcers (7.7%) and the least encountered head and neck lesion was a ranula in 3.8% of patients. Similarly, a significant association was found between the occurrence of head and neck lesions with viral load, CD4 counts, duration since a patient was diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, presence of comorbid illness, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking.
Conclusions: The prevalence of head and neck lesions among HIV/AIDS patients on HAART was low. Females outnumbered males in terms of being affected by head and neck lesions. Oral candidiasis was the most common head and neck lesion. Head and neck (laryngeal and hypopharyngeal) squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant subtype of malignant lesions in HIV/AIDS patients on HAART.