bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of cytomegalovirus antigen and antibodies in the urine of small infants and children
Authors: Naqvi Shehla H. , Blair Laura L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe diagnostic efficacy of an enzyme immune assay to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen in the urine of infected infants and children was determined, and the effect that CMV‐specific antibodies present in the urine have on the sensitivity of the test was ascertained. The antigen was detected in 84.4% of the CMV‐culture‐positive samples, while CMV‐specific IgA was detected in 24% of CMVculture‐positive specimens. The absence of CMV‐specific IgA correlated with detection of CMV antigen in the CMV‐culture‐positive urine specimens (p < 0.05).
Genome analysis of species 3 adenoviruses isolated during summer outbreaks of conjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever in the glasgow and London areas in 1981
Authors: O'Donnell B. , Bell E. , Payne S. B. , Mautner V. , Desselberger U. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGenome analysis was performed on 125 adenovirus isolates from conjunctival swabs of patients with conjunctivitis obtained in Glasgow between 1981 and 1984. A summer outbreak in 1981 was mainly due to species 3 adenoviruses, of which genotype 3GB and five different genotypic variants cocirculated. Three species 3 variants were also observed in 1982. The genome changes of variants were located on physical maps of the Ad3 reference strain and found to be clustered near the ends of the adenovirus DNA (including the fiber area), whereas the hexon coding region was unaltered.In contrast to the genome heterogeneity observed among the species 3 adenoviruses collected in Glasgow in 1981 it was found that all 69 Ad3 isolates obtained from an outbreak of pharyngoconjunctival fever in a boarding school near London during the summer of 1981 possessed the 3GB genotype.
Protection of junín virus‐infected marmosets by passive administration of immune serum: Association with late neurologic signs
Authors: Avila María M. , Sarnoilovich Sergio R. , Laguens Rubén P. , Merani Maria S. , Weissenbacher Mercedes C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractArgentine hemorrhagic fever (Junín virus) is a human viral disease for which immune therapy proves effective, though a late neurologic syndrome is occasionally associated with the treatment. We attempted to determine in the infected marmoset Cullithrix jacchus whether immune therapy leads to protection and/or CNS damage.Fifteen C jacchus were inoculated with 103 tissue culture infectious dose 50% (TCID50) of the XJ strain of Junin virus. On day 6 post infection (pi), 12 primates were treated with homologous immune serum. Animals were observed daily; and hematologic, serologic, virologic, and histologic studies were performed.All primates, both treated and controls, presented leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and weight loss from day 14 pi onward. The three control animals died on days 22, 25, and 32 pi. Among the 12 treated monkeys, 3 died on days 21, 22, and 29. Hematologic values returned to normal during the second month; initial weight was recovered by the fourth month. Three out of the nine survivors showed neurologic alterations of various degrees, with hind‐limb paralysis in the most severe case. Among treated monkeys, viremia and viral titers in the lungs, kidney, and lymph nodes were lower than in controls. Neutralizing antibodies were present in high titers in all treated marmosets, except in the one presenting paralysis in which values were minimal and viral persistence was detected in CNS.In conclusion, immune serum treatment of Junin virus‐infected marmosets was found to reduce mortality from 100% to 25%. Viremia and viral titers in organs were lowered, and late neurologic signs appeared in 30% of treated survivors.
Extension of the Epidemiology of Hepatitis B in Circumpolar Regions Through a Comprehensive Serologic Study in the Northwest Territories of Canada
Authors: Larke R. P. Bryce , Froese Glory J. , Devine Robert D. O. , Petruk Milton W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe conducted a seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among 14.198 Inuit (Eskimo), Dene (Indian), and non‐native inhabitants of the Northwest Territories (NWT. total 1982 population 47,053) between April 1983 and March 1985. Participants represented almost all of the NWT communities and included approximately half of the total indigenous population. Sera were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs) by radioimmunoassay. A total of 428 persons (3.0%) were positive for HBsAg; their mean age was 41.5 years and 68.7% were >30 years old. Anti‐HBs was detected concomitantly in 153 (35.7%) of these persons and present as a single marker in 2,943 sera (20.7%). Overall prevalence rates for HBsAg were marginally higher among Inuit than Dene (3.9% and 2.9%. respectively; P<0.05).as were rates for anti‐HBs (24.5% and 21.5%. respectively; P<0.01). Marker rates among the 2.776 participants of other ethnic groups, predominantly whites were distinctly lower (HBsAg 0.3%. anti‐HBs 8.5%) than among Inuit or Dene populations (P<0.01). The prevalence of HBsAg and anti‐HBs increased with each decade of life in all five geographic regions, but there were marked differences among the regions as well as among communities within regions. The greatest concentration of HBV markers was in the Baffin Region (36.0% positive for HBsAg or anti‐HBs). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBcAg) was detected in only 37 of 421 persons (8.8%) positive for HBsAg; most were ⩽20 years old and were clustered in a few communities with the highest HBV marker rates.
Morphology and development of Rift Valley fever virus in vero cell cultures
Authors: Ellis D. S. , Shirodaria P. V. , Fleming Elizabeth , Simpson D. I. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) grown in vero cell cultures has a completed replication cycle within 13 hours. The first signs are the appearance of intranuclear fibrillar rods, followed by aggregations of precursor viral material in host cell cytoplasm and viral nucleocapsids budding into vacuoles associated with the Golgi apparati. Mature particles, liberated by the disintegration of vero cells, contained ribosomelike structures within the nucleocapsid, which was surrounded by a typical unit membrane through which were inserted some 350–375 surface spikes whose inner ends were incorporated into the nucleocapsid structure. In the negatively stained material, the overall diameter of the virion was 90–110 mm; the spikes were 10–18 mm in length and 5 nm in diameter.
Detection of cytomegalovirus in clinical specimens by virus isolation and by a monoclonal antibody against the early nuclear antigen
Authors: Popow‐Kraupp Therese , Kunz Christian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA commercially available monoclonal antibody against the 72000 Dalton early nuclear protein (EA) of cytomegalovirus (CMV) strain AD169 was used in an indirect immunofluorescence staining procedure (IF) for rapid detection of CMV‐infected cells in tissue cultures inoculated with clinical specimens (200 urines, 22 throat washings, 5 stools, 4 bronchoalveolar lavage fluids). The results obtained by this method were compared with those obtained by virus isolation with and without centrifugal enhancement of viral infectivity.In 66 (28.6%) of the 231 samples, CMV was detected by at least one of the methods used. Of 59 specimens producing CMV‐specific cytopathic effect (CPE) in tissue culture, 46 (78%) were also positive in the EA test 16 hours after inoculation. Seven CPE‐negative samples were, however, positive in the EA test. Five (38%) of the false negative EA test results were due to CMV strains that did not react with the monoclonal antibody used.
Replication of measles virus in cultured human thymic epithelial cells
Authors: Numazaki Kei , Goldman Hy , Wong Inés , Wainberg Mark A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMeasles virus can replicate in cultures of both infantile and fetal human thymic epithelial cells. Virus‐induced cytopathology including syncytium formation was first evident around 24 hr after viral inoculation of these cultures. At the same time, the cultures began to lose their characteristic thymus‐like organizational structure. Viral antigens were detected in infected cells by indirect immunofluorescence, and the presence of progeny virions was demonstrated in culture fluids.
Vero cell‐expressed Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) gp350/220 protects marmosets from EBV challenge
Authors: Emini Emilio A. , Schleif William A. , Silberklang Melvin , Lehman Dale , Ellis Ronald W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) major membrane antigen, gp350/220, was purified from expressing, genetically engineered Vero cells. The antigen, formulated either with alum or Freund's adjuvant, was inoculated into EBV infection‐susceptible marmosets. After several injections, most of the marmosets developed anti‐gp350/220 antibodies, and several exhibited virus‐neutralizing activity. The immune response elicited by the alum‐adsorbed antigen proved to be protective upon virus challenge of the inoculated animals. Protection did not correlate with the presence of neutralizing antibodies.
Lack of serum antibodies to the major HSV‐2 specified DNA‐binding protein before diagnosis of cervical neoplasia
Authors: Lehtinen Matti , Hakama Matti , Knekt Paul , Heinonen Pentti K. , Lehtinen Tuula , Paavonen Jorma , Teppo Lyly , Leinikki Pauli 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report results based on a prospective casecontrol study within a cohort obtained by linking the Finnish Social Insurance Institutions Mobile Clinic Survey Registry and the Finnish Cancer Registry. The overall prevalence of herpes virus early antigen (ICSP 11/12) antibodies was similar in controls and in cervical neoplasia cases (consisting of invasive cervical carcinoma, ICC, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia group III, CIN III cases). However, those CIN III cases, who after a long lag period (average 7 years after the blood sample was drawn) developed cervical neoplasia, had significantly lower antibody levels than did matched controls. Their ICSP 11/12 antibody levels became higher the shorter the lag period. The negative correlation between the ICSP 11/12 antibody levels and the lag period was most pronounced in the HSV‐2 seropositive CIN III cases.In an analysis of cross‐sectional case‐control material from the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Central Hospital, the patients with ICC had the highest ICSP 11/12 antibody levels. Statistically significant differences between cases and controls were not found.We conclude that in cervical neoplasia the kinetics of ICSP 11/12 antibody levels are determined by the malignant process itself. The cervical disease may selectively induce early viral antigens, thus giving rise to the antibody response described in this paper.
Differential effect of amantadine hydrochloride on the systemic and local immune response to influenza A
Authors: Reuman Peter D. , Bernstein David I. , Keely Scott P. , Young Elizabeth C. , Sherwood James R. , Schiff Gilbert M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAnti‐influenza serum and nasal antibody titers were followed during a double‐blind, placebocontrolled, randomized study assessing the prophylactic efficacy of 50, 100, and 200 mg/day of amantadine hydrochloride against experimental challenge with influenza A/Beth/1/85. The geometric mean titers (GMT) of serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody (P = 0.05) as well as serum influenza‐specific IgG (P = 0.004) were significantly lower for all amantadine groups when compared to placebo. There were no significant differences in the GMT of either type of serum antibody titer comparing any of the three amantadine groups. Viral titers were also lower in the amantadine groups compared to the placebo group and not significantly different among the three amantadine groups. Nasal antibody titers in the 100‐mg and 200‐mg amantadine groups were significantly lower than placebo titers (P = 0.002). Nasal antibody titers in the 50‐mg amantadine group did not differ significantly from titers in the placebo group (P = 0.892). Possible reasons for the differential effect of amantadine on the serum and nasal antibody response are discussed.
Emergence of large plaque‐producing clones of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro
Authors: Masuda Takao , Kannagi Mari , Nakamura Masataka , Ohtani Kiyoshi , Hinuma Yorio , Harada Shinji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLarge plaque‐inducing clones were obtained from small plaque‐inducing parental clones of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by the plaque‐cloning method. The cloned HIVs that formed large and small plaques were studied as follows: 1) infectivity was determined by the ratio of plaque‐forming units (PFU) to reverse transcriptase (RT) activity; 2) viral growth was assessed by the amount (RT activity) of virus after infection; and 3) HIV long terminal repeat (LTR)‐linked gene expression of the viruses was measured by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay using persistently infected MOLT‐4 cells. Results showed that clones producing large plaques showed similar or slightly lower infectivity but higher virus production, faster viral growth, and higher gene expression activity than clones producing small plaques. These analyses revealed that clones producing large plaques could replicate more rapidly than those producing small plaques. Restriction enzyme map analysis of these cloned viruses showed that they were also genetically different. These results suggest that the changes in the biological features observed here might be due to mutation during the cloning procedure.
Simultaneous infection with human herpesvirus‐6 and measles virus in infants
Authors: Suga Sadao , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Asano Yoshizo , Yazaki Takehiko , Yoshida Shigeru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo infants (4 and 5 months of age) with a febrile episode for 3 and 5 days, respectively, developed skin rashes after the fever subsided and were diagnosed as exanthem subitum. The rash continued for 5 days followed by mild‐to‐moderate pigmentation. Human herpesvirus‐6 and measles virus, which were confirmed by a specific immunofluorescence assay and by electron microscopy, were isolated simultaneously from blood in the acute stage of the disease but not from the convalescent stage. The titer of the herpesvirus‐6 in blood was greater then that of measels. Specific serologic assays showed marked seroconversion against human herpesvirus‐6 but not to measles virus. The results suggest that dual infection with human herpesvirus‐6 and measles virus results in atypical exanthem subitum or modified measels with unique immunologic responses.
Rotavirus infection of the oropharynx and respiratory tract in young children
Authors: Zheng Bo Jian , Chang Ru Xu , Ma Gui Zhang , Xie Ji Min , Liu Qi , Liang Xi Ruo , Ng Mun Hon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOropharyngeal aspirates were obtained from 89 infants hospitalized with respiratory illnesses accompanied or not by diarrhea and 33 control patients without the diseases. Rotavirus was detected from 25 of these patients by immunocytology, isolation of the virus in cultures of MA104 cells, or both. None of the control patients gave a positive result. The infection involves squamous cells and globlet cells probably originating from the oropharynx, and ciliated columnar epithelial cells from the respiratory tract. The virus from 2 specimens was propagated by repeatedly passaging in the cultures and found to have characteristic morphology of rotavirus. The electrophoretic patterns of the viral RNA extracted from them are closely similar to those obtained with the rotavirus genome extracted from the stool of the same patients. Repeated stool specimens were also obtained, and sera were paired from some of these subjects. All but one of the patients who gave a positive virology for their aspirates also showed a significant rise in the titres of common group A rotavirus antibody, neutralizing antibody against one or more of serotypes of rotavirus, or both. Patients who excreted rotavirus in their stools were younger and had significantly lower titres of rotavirus antibodies in their acute sera, than those who shedded the virus in the oropharynx but did not excrete the virus in repeated stool specimens. The prevalence of rotavirus in the oropharyngeal aspirates from these patients surpassed that of adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and herpes simplex virus combined.
Accumulation and persistence of hepatitis A virus in mussels
Authors: Enriquez Ricardo , Frösner Gert Gustav , Hochstein‐Mintzel Volker , Riedemann Stella , Reinhardt German 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAccumulation and persistence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the mussel Mytilus chilensis was evaluated. Under optimal filtration activity of mussels (temperature 12°C, salinity 3%, feeding twice a day with Dunaliella marina), HAV was concentrated 100‐fold from the surrounding water. Similar concentrations of HAV were reached in the filtration apparatus and in the digestive system (hepatopancreas). HAV persisted for about 7 days in mussels. Elimination of HAV from mussels was slower than elimination of poliovirus. Without feeding of mussels (causing low filtration activity), there was no measurable uptake of HAV into mussels, and depuration of HAV from mussels was slower. The ability of mussels to concentrate HAV was used successfully to monitor fecally contaminated river water for the presence of HAV. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute sporadic hepatitis E in children living in Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Hyams Kenneth C. , McCarthy Michael C. , Kaur Manjit , Purdyt Michael A. , Bradley Daniel W. , Mansour Moustafa M. , Gray Stephanie , Watts Douglas M. , Carl Mitchell 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeventy‐three pediatric patients with acute hepatitis and 19 control patients without liver disease living in Cairo, Egypt, were evaluated with a newly developed Western blot assay for IgM antibody to hepatitis E virus (IgM anti‐HEV). The mean age of acute hepatitis patients was 6.4 years (range, 1‐13 years); 56% were male. Among the 73 acute cases, hepatitis A was diagnosed in 30 (41%), possible acute hepatitis B in three (4%), hepatitis E in nine (12%), and by exclusion, non‐A, non‐B hepatitis in 29 (40%). Two additional acute cases were positive for both IgM anti‐HAV and IgM anti‐HEV. None of the 19 control subjects had IgM anti‐HEV. Parenteral risk factors were associated with cases of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis but were not associated with acute hepatitis E. Contact with a family member with jaundice was associated with acute hepatitis A. In contrast to prior epidemics of enterically‐transmitted non‐A, non‐B hepatitis, HEV was found to be a common cause of acute hepatitis in a pediatric population. This study provides additional evidence that HEV may be a frequent cause of acute sporadic hepatitis among children living in some developing countries. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HLA mismatching and cytomegalovirus infection as risk factors for transplant failure in cyclosporin‐treated renal allograft recipients
Authors: Morris David J. , Martin Susan , Dyer Philip A. , Hunt Linda , Mallick Netar P. , Johnson Robert W. G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a study of the effects on renal allograft survival of HLA mismatching, mismatching for cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody status, and post‐transplant CMV infection, 148 cyclosporin‐treated renal transplant recipients were given kidneys optimally matched for HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐DR antigens but not matched for CMV antibody status. Mismatching for HLA‐B and ‐DR antigens was associated with a greater number of rejection episodes and a lower graft survival, but mismatching for CMV antibody status and posttransplant primary or recurrent CMV infection exerted no effect on graft survival. The role of matching of renal transplant recipients and donors for CMV antibody status in preference to HLA matching (proposed as a means of reducing the mortality associated with primary CMV infection) is discussed.
IgM antibody to a hepatitis C virus core peptide (CP14) for monitoring activity of liver disease in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Nagayama Ryozo , Miyake Kazuhiko , Tsuda Fumio , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAntibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core of various immunoglobulin classes were determined by enzyme immunoassays with three synthetic peptides, CP14 (amino acids 5‐40 of the core protein), CP10 (5‐23), and CP9 (39‐74). In 135 patients with chronic type C liver disease, anti‐CPU, anti‐CP10, and anti‐CP9 of IgG class were detected in 99%, 94%, 82%, respectively; those of IgM class in 86%, 69%, and 39%; and those of IgA class in 56%, 40%, and 4%. Thus anti‐CP14 was more prevalent than anti‐CPlO or anti‐CP9 in every immunoglobulin class. The prevalence of IgM anti‐CP14 was much higher (P < 0.001) in patients (116/135 or 86%) than in asymptomatic carriers of HCV (13/39 or 33%). In seven patients with acute hepatitis C, IgM anti‐CP14 continued to decrease in two in whom hepatitis resolved, but increased in five in whom hepatitis once resolved and then exacerbated. IgM anti‐CP14 was followed in 30 patients with chronic hepatitis C during 24 weeks while they received recombinant interferon α‐2a. IgM anti‐CP14 decreased remarkably within 8 weeks in all of them. Thereafter, it continued to decrease in nine patients who responded to interferon and lost HCV RNA from circulation, but started to increase in five non‐responders who continued to have high titers of HCV RNA. In the remaining 16 patients in whom HCV RNA decreased once and then increased, IgM anti‐CP14 continued to decrease till 20 weeks and then increased. These results indicate that IgM anti‐CP14 reflects the activity of liver disease, and is useful in following the outcome of patients with acute hepatitis C and in monitoring the response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute sporadic hepatitis E in Kuwait
Authors: Koshy Abraham , Richards Allen L. , Al‐Mufti Siham , Grover Saroj , Shabrawy Mohamed A. , Pacsa Alexander , Al‐Anezi Abdul‐Aziz H. , Al‐Nakib Basil , Burans Jim , Carl Mitchell , Hyams Kenneth C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFifty‐seven adult patients with acute hepatitis and 34 comparison patients without liver disease were evaluated using a newly developed Western blot assay for IgM antibody to hepatitis E virus. The mean age of patients with hepatitis was 32 years (range, 18‐55 years); 88% were male. Among patients with acute hepatitis, hepatitis A (anti‐HAV IgM positive) was diagnosed in two (4%), hepatitis B (anti‐HBc IgM positive) in three (5%), and hepatitis E (anti‐HEV IgM positive) in 34 (60%). One hepatitis patient had CMV IgM, another had EBV IgM, and 16 others (28%) were negative for all serologic markers of acute viral hepatitis. No patient with acute hepatitis A or B and none of the comparison patients without acute hepatitis had anti‐HEV IgM. All but one case of acute hepatitis E were found among expatriates of Asian origin, and acute hepatitis E was associated significantly with recent travel to the Indian subcontinent. These data suggest that acute hepatitis E is common among foreign workers in Kuwait but that little HEV transmission is occurring directly in Kuwait. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.