bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolutionary history of sharp- and blunt-snouted lenok (Brachymystax lenok (Pallas, 1773)) and its implications for the paleo-hydrological history of Siberia
Authors: Froufe Elsa , Alekseyev Sergey , Alexandrino Paulo , Weiss Steven 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Broad-scale phylogeographic studies of freshwater organisms provide not only an invaluable framework for understanding the evolutionary history of species, but also a genetic imprint of the paleo-hydrological dynamics stemming from climatic change. Few such studies have been carried out in Siberia, a vast region over which the extent of Pleistocene glaciation is still disputed. Brachymystax lenok is a salmonid fish distributed throughout Siberia, exhibiting two forms hypothesized to have undergone extensive range expansion, genetic exchange, and multiple speciation. A comprehensive phylogeographic investigation should clarify these hypotheses as well as provide insights on Siberia's paleo-hydrological stability.

Results
Molecular-sequence (mtDNA) based phylogenetic and morphological analysis of Brachymystax throughout Siberia support that sharp- and blunt-snouted lenok are independent evolutionary lineages, with the majority of their variation distributed among major river basins. Their evolutionary independence was further supported through the analysis of 11 microsatellite loci in three areas of sympatry, which revealed little to no evidence of introgression. Phylogeographic structure reflects climatic limitations, especially for blunt-snouted lenok above 56° N during one or more glacial maxima. Presumed glacial refugia as well as interbasin exchange were not congruent for the two lineages, perhaps reflecting differing dispersal abilities and response to climatic change. Inferred demographic expansions were dated earlier than the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Evidence for repeated trans-basin exchange was especially clear between the Amur and Lena catchments. Divergence of sharp-snouted lenok in the Selenga-Baikal catchment may correspond to the isolation of Lake Baikal in the mid-Pleistocene, while older isolation events are apparent for blunt-snouted lenok in the extreme east and sharp-snouted lenok in the extreme west of their respective distributions.

Conclusion
Sharp- and blunt-snouted lenok have apparently undergone a long, independent, and demographically dynamic evolutionary history in Siberia, supporting their recognition as two good biological species. Considering the timing and extent of expansions and trans-basin dispersal, it is doubtful that these historical dynamics could have been generated without major rearrangements in the paleo-hydrological network, stemming from the formation and melting of large-scale glacial complexes much older than the LGM.
A new technique for reconstruction of the proximal humerus after three- and four-part fractures
Authors: Sosna A. , Pokorny D. , Hromádka R. , Jahoda D. , Barták V. , Pinskerová V. 
Published: February 2008

The results of proximal humeral replacement following trauma are substantially worse than for osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. The stable reattachment of the lesser and greater tuberosity fragments to the rotator cuff and the restoration of shoulder biomechanics are difficult. In 1992 we developed a prosthesis designed to improve fixation of the tuberosity fragments in comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus. The implant enables fixation of the fragments to the shaft of the prosthesis and the diaphyseal fragment using screws, washers and a special toothed plate. Between 1992 and 2003 we used this technique in 50 of 76 patients referred to our institution for shoulder reconstruction after trauma. In the remaining 26, reconstruction with a prosthesis and nonabsorbable sutures was performed, as the tuberosity fragments were too small and too severely damaged to allow the use of screws and the toothed plate. The Constant score two years post-operatively was a mean of 12 points better in the acute trauma group and 11 points better in the late post-traumatic group than in the classical suture group. We recommend this technique in patients where the tuberosity fragments are large enough to allow fixation with screws, washers and a toothed plate.
Diagnosis of peri-prosthetic infection at the hip using triple-phase bone scintigraphy
Authors: Nagoya S. , Kaya M. , Sasaki M. , Tateda K. , Yamashita T. 
Published: February 2008

We evaluated triple-phase bone scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of peri-prosthetic infection in 46 patients with a total hip replacement or bipolar hemiarthroplasty who were due for revision surgery. There were 18 men and 28 women, with a mean age at operation of 64.6 years (28 to 81). We defined peri-prosthetic infection as an increased uptake of radioisotope in all the phases of triple-phase bone scintigraphy and validated these results against the histological and/or microbiology results in every case. The positive and negative predictive values for the presence of infection were 83% and 93%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity was 88% and the specificity was 90%. This study indicates that triple-phase bone scintigraphy is a useful tool in the detection of peri-prosthetic infection and offers a cost-effective method of screening.
Long-term outcome of a transglenoid suture technique for anterior shoulder instability in young adults
Authors: Söderlund T. , Mattila V. M. , Visuri T. I. , Pihlajamäki H. K. 
Published: February 2008

We reviewed the outcome of arthroscopic stabilisation of anterior glenohumeral instability in young adults using the transglenoid suture technique. A questionnaire was sent to 455 consecutive patients who had undergone this procedure between 1992 and 2000. Of these, 312 patients (68.5%) with 313 affected shoulders and a mean age of 20 years (18 to 28) responded. Outcome was determined by the number of re-dislocations or, in patients who had not re-dislocated, by the disease-specific quality of life as measured by the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index. During a mean follow-up of 6.4 years (1 to 14), 177 patients (56%) sustained a re-dislocation, including 70 who required a further operation. In 136 patients (44%) who reported neither re-dislocation nor re-operation, the index scores were good (median 90.4%; 28.9% to 100%). No significant peri- or pre-operative predictors of re-dislocation or re-operation were found. We found a high rate of re-dislocation after transglenoid suture repair in young, physically active patients.
Successful treatment of a chronically infected and necrotic tendo Achillis in a diabetic with excision, flexor hallucis longus transfer and split-skin grafting
Authors: Pearce C. J. , Sexton S. , Gerrard D. , Hatrick A. , Solan M. 
Published: February 2008

Chronic infections and ulceration around the tendo Achillis are difficult to manage. Split-skin grafts do not survive even on healthy exposed tendon. Refractory cases may require plastic surgical intervention with the use of free flaps. Patients with significant vascular disease are not suitable for such techniques. Flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer is an established treatment for chronic ruptures of the tendo Achillis. We report the successful treatment of an infected tendo Achillis with excision and reconstruction with flexor hallucis longus transfer. The muscle belly of this tendon allowed later skin grafting while the tendon transfer provided good functional recovery.
Exendin-4 Protects β-Cells From Interleukin-1β–Induced Apoptosis by Interfering With the c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Pathway
Authors: Ferdaoussi Mourad , Abdelli Saida , Yang Jiang-Yan , Cornu Marion , Niederhauser Guy , Favre Dimitri , Widmann Christian , Regazzi Romano , Thorens Bernard , Waeber Gérard , Abderrahmani Amar 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE— The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) generates pancreatic β-cells apoptosis mainly through activation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. This study was designed to investigate whether the long-acting agonist of the hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor exendin-4 (ex-4), which mediates protective effects against cytokine-induced β-cell apoptosis, could interfere with the JNK pathway.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Isolated human, rat, and mouse islets and the rat insulin-secreting INS-1E cells were incubated with ex-4 in the presence or absence of IL-1β. JNK activity was assessed by solid-phase JNK kinase assay and quantification of c-Jun expression. Cell apoptosis was determined by scoring cells displaying pycnotic nuclei.
RESULTS— Ex-4 inhibited induction of the JNK pathway elicited by IL-1β. This effect was mimicked with the use of cAMP-raising agents isobutylmethylxanthine and forskolin and required activation of the protein kinase A. Inhibition of the JNK pathway by ex-4 or IBMX and forskolin was concomitant with a rise in the levels of islet-brain 1 (IB1), a potent blocker of the stress-induced JNK pathway. In fact, ex-4 as well as IBMX and forskolin induced expression of IB1 at the promoter level through cAMP response element binding transcription factor 1. Suppression of IB1 levels with the use of RNA interference strategy impaired the protective effects of ex-4 against apoptosis induced by IL-1β.
CONCLUSIONS— The data establish the requirement of IB1 in the protective action of ex-4 against apoptosis elicited by IL-1β and highlight the GLP-1 mimetics as new potent inhibitors of the JNK signaling induced by cytokines.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of α‐Iminophosphonates as a Method for the Synthesis of Racemic and Optically Active α‐Aminophosphonates
Authors: Goulioukina Nataliya S. , Bondarenko Grigorii N. , Lyubimov Sergey E. , Davankov Vadim A. , Gavrilov Konstantin N. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIt was shown that the catalytic hydrogenation of α‐iminophosphonates by molecular hydrogen can serve as a convenient method for the synthesis of racemic and optically active α‐aminophosphonates. Up to 94% ee was achieved in the rhodium‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation using chiral ligand (R)‐BINAP.
Ex‐situ concept for toughening the RTMable BMI matrix composites. II. Improving the compression after impact
Authors: Cheng Qunfeng , Fang Zhengping , Yi Xiao‐Su , An Xuefeng , Tang Bangming , Xu Yahong 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe compression after impact (CAI) properties of bismaleimide (BMI) matrix composites manufactured by resin transfer molding (RTM) were significantly improved by ex‐situ RTM technique. The thermoplastic polyetherketone with a functional group of phenolphthalein (PAEK) was used as toughener. The optical microscopy images of the cross‐section of post‐impact specimens revealed that the delamination resistance of specimens toughened through ex‐situ RTM technique was dramatically improved. The energy absorption mechanism of composites toughened through ex‐situ RTM technique was changed from the delamination to fiber fracture, which contributed to the improvement in CAI. The particle microstructure in interlaminar region of composites toughened through ex‐situ RTM technique revealed that a reaction‐induced phase decomposition and inversion happened in the interlaminar region. The BMI particles were surrounded with the PAEK phase, which can significantly improve the delamination resistance of composites. The in‐plane static mechanical properties of G827/BMI composite toughened through ex‐situ RTM technique were very well kept. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Publication trends in behavioral gerontology in the past 25 years: are the elderly still an understudied population in behavioral research?
Authors: Buchanan Jeffrey , Husfeldt Jeremy , Berg Tiffany , Houlihan Daniel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe case is made that issues facing the elderly are problems of social importance that should be of interest to applied behavior analysts. An electronic review of eight prominent behaviorally‐oriented journals was conducted in order to examine the frequency of publications over the past 25 years that were concerned with issues related to aging. A total of 109 articles were devoted to aging across the eight journals, with about 30% of these involving participants with cognitive impairments. Results also indicate that each of these journals has published less than one article per year related to aging. The role behavior analysts can play in serving both the elderly and their caregivers is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple HPLC‐UV determination of nucleosides and its application to the authentication of Cordyceps and its allies
Authors: Ikeda Rie , Nishimura Miho , Sun Yen , Wada Mitsuhiro , Nakashima Kenichiro 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA simple HPLC‐UV method combined with a simple extraction procedure of nucleosides (adenosine, cordycepin, 2′‐deoxyadenosine, guanosine and uridine) was developed and applied to the authentication of Cordyceps and its allies. The separation was performed on a C18 column by isocratic elution with acetonitrile–water, and UV detection at 260 nm. The amounts of adenosine, cordycepin, 2′‐deoxyadenosine, guanosine and uridine in Cordyceps were 0.28–14.15, 0.006–6.36, 0.01–0.14, 0.68–14.79 and 0.19–20.29 mg/g, respectively. Among the nucleosides studied, cordycepin was characteristically included in Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link. (CM), which is one of key Cordyceps allies, and might be a good marker for authenticating CM. The ratio of nucleosides to adenosine contents in Cordyceps seemed to be a useful marker for authentication and quality control of Cordyceps. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Update on Atrial Fibrillation: Part I
Authors: Savelieva Irina , Camm John 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is an epidemic, affecting 1% to 1.5% of the population in the developed world. Projected data from the population‐based studies suggest that the prevalence of AF will grow at least 3‐fold by 2050. The health and economic burden imposed by AF and AF‐related morbidity is enormous.Atrial fibrillation has a multiplicity of causes ranging from genetic to degenerative, but hypertension and heart failure are the commonest and epidemiologically most prevalent conditions associated with AF as both have been shown to create an arrhythmogenic substrate. Several theories emerged regarding the mechanism of AF, which can be combined into two groups: the single focus hypothesis and the multiple sources hypothesis. Several lines of evidence point to the relevance of both hypotheses to the mechanism of AF, probably with a different degree of involvement depending on the variety of AF (paroxysmal or persistent). Sustained AF alters electrophysiological and structural properties of the atrial myocardium such that the atria become more susceptible to the initiation and maintenance of the arrhythmia, a process known as atrial remodeling. Angiotensin II has been recognized as a key element in atrial remodeling in association with AF opening the possibility of exploitation of “upstream” therapies to prevent or delay atrial remodeling.The clinical significance of AF lies predominantly in a 5‐fold increased risk of stroke. The limitations of warfarin prompted the development of new antithrombotic drugs, which include anticoagulants, such as direct oral thrombin inhibitors (dabigatran) and factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban). Novel mechanical approaches for the prevention of cardioembolic stroke have recently been evaluated: percutaneous left atrial appendage occluders, minimally invasive surgical isolation of the left atrial appendage, and implantation of carotid filtering devices. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving antibiotic utilization among hospitalists: A pilot academic detailing project with a public health approach
Authors: Kisuule Flora , Wright Scott , Barreto Jason , Zenilman Jonathan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDInappropriate use of antibiotics is a major clinical problem and public health concern. We developed and implemented a pilot hospitalist‐delivered academic detailing intervention to improve the patterns of antibiotic prescribing for inpatients.OBJECTIVETo improve antibiotic prescribing patterns on the hospitalist service of an academic medical center.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSHospitalist practitioners were recruited to participate in this pre‐ and postintervention pilot study at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center (JHBMC). Public health principles for creating a conceptual framework based on behavioral change theory were used in developing the intervention.METHODSAntibiotic prescribing patterns of 17 hospitalist practitioners were retrospectively reviewed. Antimicrobial prescriptions were classified as appropriate, effective but inappropriate, or inappropriate. A profile was assembled for each hospitalist, and an academic detailing intervention session was arranged. The session reviewed inappropriate prescribing practices as well as current practice guidelines. After the detailing meeting, the prescribing patterns of the hospitalists were followed prospectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESThe main outcome measures were the proportions of antibiotics prescribed inappropriately before the intervention, during the detailing period, and after the intervention.RESULTSSeventeen hospitalist practitioners who participated in the study. A total of 247 prescriptions were reviewed in the preintervention and 129 prescriptions in the postintervention period. Prior to academic detailing, 43% (95% CI 37%‐49%) of the prescriptions were appropriate and 57% (95% CI 51%‐63%) were inappropriate. After the intervention, 74% (95% CI 65%‐81%) of the prescriptions were appropriate and 26% (95% CI 19%‐35%) were inappropriate; P < .0001.CONCLUSIONSA carefully planned and methodically executed intervention can result in behavior change, even among busy hospitalists. The academic detailing intervention, which included a practice‐based learning component, improved antibiotic prescribing practices of hospitalists at JHBMC. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:64–70. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Chemical mechanism of surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering via charge transfer in pyridine–Ag2 complex
Authors: Sun Mengtao , Wan Songbo , Liu Yajun , Jia Yu , Xu Hongxing 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA theoretical model is presented to describe the chemical mechanism of surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) via charge transfer (CT) in the pyridine–Ag2 complex. We first describe the influence of the interaction between the metal cluster and pyridine to the ground‐state properties of the pyridine–Ag2 complex, such as charge redistribution, the change of the atomic‐resolved density of state, and the change of energy levels of occupied and unoccupied molecular orbitals. Second, we visualize the CT between the metal cluster and pyridine and within the intracluster on the electronic state transitions with charge difference density. The CT between the metal cluster and pyridine is the direct evidence of chemical mechanism for SERRS. Third, the spectra of SERRS are calculated with different incident light wavelengths that resonate with the different electronic state energy levels, and the enhanced intensities of different vibrational modes are compared, which show that there are different enhancement rates for different vibrational modes. Strong Raman scattering can be achieved not only by the CT between pyridine and the metal cluster but also by electronic intracluster excitation via a type of Förster excitation transfer, and the latter results from the local field effects by collective plasmons. The selection rules for the SERRS have been obtained for these two types of enhanced mechanisms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: Mass‐selective vibrational spectroscopy of vanadium oxide cluster ions
Authors: Asmis Knut R. , Sauer Joachim 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe above article was published in K.T. Asmis and J. Sauer, Mass Spectrometry Reviews 2007, 26:542–562.On p. 558, right column, line 10 from bottom, the reference “(Santambrogio et al., 2007)”should be replaced by “(Santambrogio et al., 2006).”On p. 561, the reference “Santambrogio G, Brümmer M, Wöste L, Döbler J, Sierka M, Sauer J, Meijer G, Asmis KR. 2007. Gas Phase Infrared Spectroscopy of Mass‐Selected Vanadium Oxide Cluster Anions. Submitted to J Chem Phys.”Should be replaced by “Santambrogio G, Brümmer M, Wöste L, Döbler J, Sierka M, Sauer J, Meijer G, Asmis KR. 2006. Gas Phase Vibrational Spectroscopy of Mass‐Selected Vanadium Oxide Cluster Anions. In preparation.”
Influence of non‐random incorporation of Mn ions on the magnetotransport properties of Ga1–xMnxAs alloys
Authors: Michel C. , Elm M. T. , Baranovskii S. D. , Thomas P. , Heimbrodt W. , Goldlücke B. , Klar P. J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe study theoretically the influence of a spatially nonrandom incorporation of Mn ions on the magnetotransport in paramagnetic Ga1–x Mnx As alloys. Such a nonrandomness may be introduced during post‐growth annealing treatment. We use a resistor‐network model for describing the electrical transport of this disordered semiconductor system as a function of temperature and external magnetic field. The model is founded on classical semiconductor band‐transport and neglects many‐body interactions. The peculiarities of paramagnetic dilute magnetic semiconductors, in particular, the magnetic‐field induced changes of the density of states, the broad acceptor‐energy distribution, and the interplay of magnetic field independent disorder (due to the alloying of GaAs with Mn) and magnetic field dependent disorder (due to the the Giant Zeeman splitting) are accounted for in a mean‐field fashion. We have previously shown that this empirical transport model based on reasonable assumptions and realistic material parameters yields a satisfactory quantitative description of the experimentally obtained temperature and magnetic‐field dependence of the resistivity of Ga0.98Mn0.02As samples annealed at different temperatures. For Ga1–x Mnx As alloys annealed at temperatures above 500 °C where structural changes lead to the formation of MnAs clusters, the transport is dominated by the paramagnetic GaAs:Mn host matrix as the cluster density is below the percolation threshold. We will show that in this situation the transport results can only be explained accounting for a nonrandom Mn distribution. Thus the analysis shown here provides further understanding of the annealing‐induced changes of the transport properties in dilute magnetic III‐Mn‐V semiconductors. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)