bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panendoscopy in screening for synchronous primary malignancies
Authors: Parker John T. , Hill James H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe entire upper aerodigestive tract must be evaluated at the time of initial tumor evaluation in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The necessity of panendoscopy (laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy) in this evaluation has not been demonstrated convincingly. Between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1985, 208 patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were analyzed prospectively. These patients underwent head and neck examination, chest radiograph, barium esophagram, and panendoscopy. Fifteen (7.2%) had synchronous malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract. In four patients (1.9%) the synchronous primary tumor was found only by endoscopy. Three patients (1.4%) had cancers of the hypopharynx. One patient (0.5%) had a bronchial cancer detected only on bronchoscopy. No tumors were detected by esophagoscopy that were not also seen on barium esophagram. We conclude that endoscopic examination of the hypopharynx is very helpful in screening for additional tumors in head and neck cancer patients, but routine esophagoscopy cannot be supported. Screening bronchoscopy cannot be strongly supported due to its very low yield.
Airway obstruction due to lymphoma of the larynx and trachea
Authors: Hessan Howard , Houck John , Harvey Harold 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInvolvement of the larynx and trachea by lymphoma is an uncommon problem that can cause life‐threatening airway obstruction. High grade obstruction, involvement of the soft tissues of the neck, and tracheal deviation can make intubation and tracheotomy hazardous, if not impossible. Tracheotomy can be ineffective with obstruction of the distal trachea. The clinical presentation and treatment of eight patients with lymphoma involving the larynx or trachea are presented with emphasis on airway management. Dramatic tumor response with relief of airway symptoms was achieved with a regimen of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, helium‐oxygen mixtures, humidity, and intensive care unit monitoring. Direct airway intervention, including tracheotomy, was usually successfully and safely avoided.
Juvenile malignant melanoma of the head and neck
Authors: Fisher Samuel R. , Reintgen Douglas S. , Seigler Hilliard F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMalignant melanoma of the head and neck is a potentially lethal disease and considered rare among juveniles. Treatment patterns have historically been dictated by experience with adults, however a paucity of data is available to determine the natural history and treatment guidelines for juveniles and children with malignant melanoma. Therefore a retrospective computer‐aided analysis of patients less than 20 years of age having malignant melanoma were obtained from the records of 4,843 patients with malignant melanoma recorded from 1972 through 1986. Eighty‐seven patients were identified from this group with 17 patients having primary malignant melanomas confined to the head and neck.Parameters evaluated were age at diagnosis, sex, type of melanoma, Clark Level, Breslow depth of invasion, pathologic classification, site of primary, nodal status at diagnosis, surgical treatment, recurrence rate and site of recurrence, and follow‐up status.Two of 17 patients had stage II disease and were treated with wide local excision and therapeutic radical neck dissection. Fifteen of 17 patients initially presented with stage I disease were treated with wide local excision. Two of these patients underwent elective radical neck dissection both of which proved to have positive occult nodal disease. Both are alive without evidence of disease 2½ to 7 years later. Of the 13 patients who were initially treated with only wide local excision, nine patients developed local (3), regional (3), or systemic (3) disease within 3 months to 9 years from the date of diagnosis. Seven of the nine died of their disease 5 months to 20 years later.When juvenile patients with melanomas of the head and neck are compared to a comparable age group of patients with melanomas at other primary body sites, the head and neck group had a significantly higher frequency of death. Compared to the adult head and neck population, juvenile patients had identical actuarial survival time, but shorter disease‐free intervals, even though the adult population had a higher percent of poor prognostic indicies (presence of ulceration and thickness of lesions). Failure to control local and regional disease coupled with the overall poor survival rate, indicates that malignant melanoma occurs in the young as a biologically active tumor and suggests an aggressive approach for better control of local and regional disease and, hopefully, survival.
Intraoperative monitoring of the facial nerve
Authors: Harner Stephen G. , Daube Jasper R. , Beatty Charles W. , Ebersold Michael J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAnatomic preservation of the facial nerve, with maximal facial function, is one of the goals of acoustic neuroma surgery. Application of electrophysiologic monitoring techniques is useful in achieving this goal. Preoperative electromyography and nerve conduction studies provide important prognostic information for preservation of the nerve and postoperative function. Intraoperative electromyography alerts the surgeon to facial nerve proximity and potential injury. Direct nerve stimulation is utilized to confirm the location and integrity of the nerve. Matched‐pair analysis of two groups of patients demonstrated an increased ability to preserve the facial nerve with less postoperative facial deformity.
Cephalometric analysis for diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Deberry‐Borowiecki Bernard , Kukwa Andrzej , Blanks Robert H. I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA detailed cephalometric analysis was conducted on lateral x‐rays from 30 adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 12 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Statistical findings show that OSA patients are different from controls in at least five ways: 1. Their tongue and soft palate are significantly enlarged. 2. The hyoid bone is displaced inferiorly. 3. The mandible is normal in size and position (no micrognathia or malocclusion), but the face is elongated by an inferior displacement of the mandibular body. 4. The maxilla is retropositioned and the hard palate elongated. 5. The nasopharynx is normal, but the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway is reduced in area by an average of 25%, a factor that could produce or enhance OSA symptoms. These data suggest that cephalometric evaluation could be useful when used with head and neck examination, polysomnographic and endoscopic studies to evaluate OSA patients, and to assist with the planning/surgical treatment for improvement of upper airway patency.
Metastatic disease to the mandible
Authors: Schwartz Michael L. , Mignogna Frank V. , Baredes Soly 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMetastatic lesions to the mandible are rare, comprising less than 1% of all malignancies.Twenty‐two cases of metastatic disease to the mandible were seen from 1938 to 1985. The records of 17 cases were available for detailed review.The age range was from 27 to 80 years with a female to male ratio of 12 to 5. A mandibular or paramandibular mass or swelling was the most common presenting sign. Three patients presented with mandibular metastasis prior to the discovery of the primary tumor. In the other 14 patients, the mandibular lesion appeared from 2 months to 20 years following discovery of the primary tumor. The mandibular lesion was the initial sign of distant metastatic disease in 11 of the 17 patients. Breast, lung, and colon cancer were the most common primary tumors.When presented with an isolated mandibular mass, a high index of suspicion is necessary to make the diagnosis of metastatic disease. Since plain x‐rays may initially be normal, technetium or CT scan may be necessary to demonstrate osseous destruction.Inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia should be considered an indication of tumor until proven otherwise.Treatment is often of a palliative nature because of the presence of widespread metastatic disease; however, surgical resection may be considered in the rare patient with a well‐documented, solitary mandibular metastasis.
Progression of hearing loss in bilateral meniere's disease
Authors: Palaskas Constantine W. , Dobie Robert A. , Snyder Jack M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOtologists may be reluctant to perform labyrinthectomy in unilateral Meniere's disease, fearing the later development of bilateral disease and severe hearing loss in the previously normal ear. To illuminate this issue, we reviewed audiologic records for 85 patients diagnosed as having bilateral Meniere's disease at the University of Washington Hospital from 1969 to 1986. The progression of hearing loss in each ear was noted, as well as inter/aural relationships. Nine patients experienced a significant reversal, in which the initially better ear surpassed the other ear in hearing deficit, but only one of these patients could at any time have been considered a labyrinthectomy candidate, according to hypothetically liberal audiometric criteria.
Alcohol and tobacco consumption in cancer of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx: A study of 316 female patients
Authors: Luce Danièle , Guenel Pascal , Leclerc Annette , Brugere Jacques , Point Daniel , Rodriguez Joseph 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThree hundred sixteen female patients with cancer of the larynx, pharynx, and mouth were examined and the following cancer sites were compared with respect to alcohol and tobacco consumption: oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, epilarynx, lip, and mouth. The mean daily tobacco consumption of smokers and ex‐smokers was not significantly different between cancer locations; however, significant differences between cancer sites were observed with regard to the proportion of nonsmokers. The percentage of nonsmokers was the highest for cancer of the lips and the lowest for cancer of the epilarynx. Cancer locations differed significantly depending on daily alcohol consumption. Consumption was the lowest for patients with cancer of the lips. The percentage of nondrinkers was high for cancers of the lips and larynx and low for cancer of the epilarynx. Examination of the nonsmoking/nondrinking females (27.2%) did not reveal any features specific to this group, except that the patients were older.
Evaluation of malignant invasion of the carotid artery by CT scan and ultrasound
Authors: Rothstein Stephen G. , Persky Mark S. , Horii Steven 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCarcinoma adherent to the carotid artery may be present in advanced head and neck cancers. Angiography, ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are available for the preoperative evaluation of the carotid artery. This study demonstrates that CT is not accurate in demonstrating malignant invasion of the carotid artery. Ultrasonography appears to be the best modality for assessing carotid artery invasion. Magnetic resonance imaging may prove helpful in this determination.
The histopathological and clinical features of irradiated and nonirradiated temporal paragangliomas
Authors: Hawthorne Maurice R. , Fisch Ugo , Makek Miro S. , Harris Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine the effects of radiation on temporal paragangliomas. The histological features were assessed in a blind fashion from 20 surgical specimens obtained from 20 patients, half of whom received radiotherapy. All patients had progressive temporal paragangliomas and were selected on a random basis for this study. The derived data clearly identify the unpredictable response of these tumors to radiation and supports our contention that surgery is the preferred form of treatment for temporal paragangliomas even after radiation therapy. Analysis of clinical histories reveals that previous radiation therapy is associated with a greater operative blood loss and a longer mean postoperative hospital stay due to delayed healing. Despite this, there was no mortality or serious morbidity from surgery.
Sensorineural hearing loss in sickle cell crisis
Authors: Elwany Samy , Kamel Tarek 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe present investigation examines the effects of sickle cell crisis on peripheral auditory function and auditory brainstem response (ABR). The study includes 10 homozygous sickle cell anemia patients with documented sickle cell (SS) hemoglobin. Testing was performed during the crisis and 1 month after it subsided. Unilateral high frequency hearing loss was found in three patients but persisted in only one of them. Abnormal ABR tracings occurred in four patients but reversed to normal in one of them. The study suggests a trend toward increased incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and ABR changes as frequency and severity of crisis episodes increases. The relationship between SNHL and ABR is analyzed and discussed.
Anomalies of the middle ear
Authors: Nomura Yasuya , Nagao Yumeko , Fukaya Takashi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMalformations of the ossicles in 52 ears of 48 patients were analyzed on the basis of surgical findings. The external meatus of each of these ears was patent. The long process of the incus and the stapes are frequently involved in this series of observations. There are distinct groups of ossicular anomalies, in each of which patients show similar degrees of hearing loss and ossicular findings. These include spindle handle, malleus bar, and dislocated annulus.Spindle handle gets its name from the shape of the malleus handle. There is disconnection between the long process of the incus and the capitulum of the stapes. Malleus bar is a kind of malleus fixation, in which a small bony bar connects the tip of the malleus handle to the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity. In the dislocated annulus, the annulus is dislocated cranially in relation to the middle‐ear structures. Anomalies of the ossicle are usually present. Surgical repairs for these conditions are discussed.
Electromyographic rehabilitation of facial function and introduction of a facial paralysis grading scale for hypoglossal‐facial nerve anastomosis
Authors: Brudny Joseph , Hammerschlag Paul E. , Cohen Noel L. , Ransohoff Joseph 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFor reinnervation of facial paralysis, the XII‐VII nerve anastomosis provides tone and mass contraction but rarely allows selective muscle control. The efficacy of EMG rehabilitation was evaluated in 30 patients who had no coordinated control of facial muscles. EMG signals from bilateral homologous facial muscle sites were converted into computer‐compatible waveform traces and displayed on a video monitor. This facilitated modification of neuromuscular responses using behavioral shaping techniques. A six‐point Facial Nerve Grading Scale was introduced for hypoglossal‐facial nerve anastomosis to assess the results of EMG rehabilitation. Rehabilitation lasted from 3 to 18 months. Ten patients (33%) achieved the highest possible grading (IT) with symmetry and synchrony of function and spontaneity of expression; 17 (57%) reached grade III, which allowed voluntary control of eye and mouth function; 3 (10%) showed minimal gains. It is suggested that neural plasticity allows therapeutic manipulation of central facilitory and inhibitory mechanisms, and possible unmasking of neural connections between the ipsilateral VII and XII nerve motor nuclei which leads to improved facial function.
The development of endolymphatic hydrops following cmv inoculation of the endolymphatic sac
Authors: Fukuda Satoshi , Keithley Elizabeth M. , Harris Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of inoculation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) into the endolymphatic sac was examined in CMV‐seronegative and seropositive animals. Seronegative animals developed hearing loss, infection in the epithelial cells of the endolymphatic sac and perisaccular connective tissue, and endolymphatic hydrops. Control animals inoculated with inactivated CMV showed no hearing loss, viral infection, or endolymphatic hydrops.Seropositive animals showed complete protection from hearing loss and viral infection, yet a monocytic infiltrate was seen surrounding the endolymphatic sac. Associated with this localized immune response was mild evidence of endolymphatic hydrops in 40% (2/5) of the animals. Control seropositive animals inoculated with inactivated CMV showed no hearing loss or morphological changes.CMV then, can infect cells of the endolymphatic sac resulting in hearing loss and endolymphatic hydrops. The immune response to CMV in seropositive animals is protective, but is associated with endolymphatic sac inflammation.
Photoelectric measurement of laryngeal paralyses correlated with videostroboscopy
Authors: Trapp Terrence K. , Berke Gerald S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPhotoglottography and electroglottography are relatively noninvasive techniques that provide detailed information about vocal fold vibration. However, few significant clinical applications have been made by correlating photoelectric waveforms to specific pathologic changes in laryngeal vibration. Videostroboscopy has recently been used to document vibratory patterns of laryngeal paralyses in a canine model of phonation. A study of PGG and EGG waveforms correlated with videostroboscopy in an in‐vivo canine model of phonation with simulated unilateral recurrent or superior laryngeal nerve paralysis is presented. The shift quotient—a new glottographic parameter which identifies flaccid laryngeal paralyses—is presented.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in patients 40 years of age and younger
Authors: Benninger Michael S. , Roberts Jay K. , Levine Howard L. , Wood Benjamin G. , Tucker Harvey M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is largely a disease of the middle‐aged and elderly. When it occurs in younger patients, the prognosis for long‐term survival appears to be worse than in the older age group. The records of 41 patients aged 40 years and younger who presented with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were reviewed. Twenty‐eight of these patients (68%) developed recurrence; of these, 21 (51%) died with disease, and two are alive with disease. These results indicate a trend toward poorer survival than previous rates reported nationally for all patients with carcinoma of the head and neck over a similar time period. Lesions of the oral tongue, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses seem to have a particularly poor prognosis.
Tracheobronchial foreign bodies
Authors: Mcguirt W. Frederick , Holmes Keith D. , Feehs Robert , Browne J. Dale 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA retrospective review of 88 cases of foreign body aspiration was undertaken. The patients ranged in age from 5 months to 73 years; the peak incidences of foreign body aspiration occurred in children less than 3 years of age and in adults older than 50 years. Sixty‐one of the 88 patients were male. Physical examination was abnormal in 61% of patients. The most common radiographic abnormality was inspiratory‐expiratory abnormality, seen in 27% of patients. Rigid endoscopy under general anesthesia was the preferred method for removal of the aspirated material. Multiple foreign bodies were found in 5% of the patients. Tracheobronchial foreign bodies should, therefore, be strongly suspected in susceptible patient populations who present with a suggestive history, even when no physical or radiographic evidence can be seen. Patients should be carefully examined for multiple foreign bodies at the time of rigid endoscopic removal.
Clinical application of the manofluorogram
Authors: Mcconnel M. S. Fred , Cerenko Danlo , Jackson Richard T. , Hersh Theodore 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate the clinical usefulness of simultaneous fluoroscopy and manometry, as analyzed by the manofluorogram, in the evaluation of dysphagia. Four quantitative parameters calculated from the manofluorogram are analyzed and compared in six representative cases of dysphagia. The manofluorogram adds diagnostic information which cannot be obtained by barium swallow or standard manometry.
Autologous fibrin tissue adhesive: Factors influencing bonding power
Authors: Siedentop Karl H. , Harris David M. , Sanchez Ben 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBonding power of Autologous Fibrin Tissue Adhesive (AFTA) is directly related to its fibrinogen concentration. By increasing the ammonium sulfate concentration 100% during fibrinogen precipitation, the bonding power of two glued 1‐cm2 pieces of human dura almost doubled. No relationship between blood fibrinogen level and bonding power was demonstrated. Comparing AFTA with Fibrin Sealant, the commercial fibrin tissue adhesive, shearing strength between two glued pieces of human dura with AFTA was less 10 minutes and greater 30 minutes after gluing. Gluing a TORP (Richards) to a 1‐cm2 piece of human dura yielded generally somewhat greater bonding power when using Fibrin Sealant.Autologous Fibrin Tissue Adhesive provides bonding power adequate for middle‐ear surgery, eliminates transmission of viral diseases and, unlike Fibrin Sealant, AFTA is available in the United States.
Multicentric parotid cysts and cervical adenopathy in aids patients. A newly recognized entity: CT and MR manifestations
Authors: Shugar Joel M. A. , Som Peter M. , Jacobson Alan L. , Ryan John R. , Bernard Peter J. , Dickman Steven H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPatients with AIDS or ARC may present with parotid gland enlargement either initially or during the course of their disease. Of nine such patients, eight had unilateral gland enlargement, and one had bilateral disease. CT and MR scanning revealed that all patients except one had bilateral multiple intraparotid cysts. In addition, four of the nine patients clinically had cervical adenopathy, while all patients had adenopathy on scanning. We believe that the association of parotid cysts and cervical adenopathy is another manifestation of AIDS or ARC and, when found on scanning, should alert the clinician to the probable underlying condition.