bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic design procedure and seismic response of post‐tensioned self‐centering steel frames
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Joon , Christopoulos Constantin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPost‐tensioned (PT) self‐centering moment‐resisting frames (MRFs) have recently been developed as an alternative to welded moment frames. The first generation of these systems incorporated yielding energy dissipation mechanisms, whereas more recently, PT self‐centering friction damped (SCFR) moment‐resistant connections have been proposed and experimentally validated. Although all of these systems exhibited good stiffness, strength and ductility properties and stable dissipation of energy under cyclic loading, questions concerning their ultimate response still remained and a complete design methodology to allow engineers to conceive structures using these systems was also needed. In this paper, the mechanics of SCFR frames are first described and a comprehensive design procedure that accounts for the frame behavior and the nonlinear dynamics of self‐centering frames is then elaborated. A strategy for the response of these systems at ultimate deformation stages is then proposed and detailing requirements on the beams in order to achieve this response are outlined. The proposed procedure aims to achieve designs where the interstory drifts for SCFR frames are similar to those of special steel welded moment‐resisting frames (WMRFs). Furthermore, this procedure is adapted from current seismic design practices and can be extended to any other PT self‐centering steel frame system. A six‐story building incorporating WMRFs was designed and a similar building incorporating SCFR frames were re‐designed by the proposed seismic design procedure. Time‐history analyses showed that the maximum interstory drifts and maximum floor accelerations of the SCFR frame were similar to those of the WMRF but that almost zero residual drifts were observed for the SCFR frame. The results obtained from the analyses confirmed the validity of the proposed seismic design procedure, since the peak drift values were similar to those prescribed by the seismic design codes and the SCFR frames achieved the intended performance level under both design and maximum considerable levels of seismic loading. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical calculation of grounding system buried in vertical earth model in low frequency domain based on the boundary element method
Authors: Li Zhong‐Xin , Li Guang‐Fan , Fan Jian‐Bin , Zhang Cui‐Xia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTo solve a grounding problem which describes a grounding system with floating metallic conductors buried in vertical multilayer earth model under a high voltage a.c. substation, a new mathematical model for accurately computing currents flowing along conductors of the grounding system has been developed in this paper, which is hybrid of Galerkin's type Boundary Element Method and conventional nodal analysis method. Propagation effect of electromagnetic wave within the substation has been neglected due to its limited area. A quasi‐static complex image method and new closed form of Green's function for the vertical multilayer earth model are introduced into this model to accelerate mutual impedance and induction coefficients calculation. The model is then implemented in a computer program, which can be used to calculate currents distribution of any configuration of grounding system, and with or without floating metallic conductors buried in the vertical multilayer earth model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ML frequency synchronisation for OFDM systems in the presence of overlapped narrow band transmission systems
Authors: Marey Mohamed , Steendam Heidi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSpectrum‐overlay scenarios for wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems bring along new technical challenges that must be considered during the system design. In such a scenario, the receiver has to perform actions, such as channel estimation and synchronisation, in the presence of possibly strong in‐band interference. In this paper, we derive the data‐aided maximum likelihood (ML) fractional frequency estimator in the presence of narrow band interference (NBI) signals. Based on the ML algorithm which has a high complexity, we propose a number of simplifications to develop a lower complexity algorithm. The susceptibility of the simplified estimator to NBI signals is investigated in an analytical way. The analytical results are verified by means of simulations. Although the simplified estimator turns out to be essentially independent of the bandwidth and the location of the interferers, the performance of the estimator is very sensitive to the signal‐to‐interference ratio and the number of interferers. In contrast with the simplified estimator, simulation results indicate that the exact ML estimator is independent of the NBI signals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Encapsulation and release of menthol. Part 1: the influence of OSAn modification of carriers on the encapsulation of l‐menthol by spray drying
Authors: Mortenson Michael A. , Reineccius Gary A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSAn) substitution level of carbohydrate encapsulation matrices on the retention and physical characteristics of spray‐dried l‐menthol microcapsules. It was found that as OSAn substitution of carbohydrates increased, total and surface menthol appeared to increase and decrease, respectively. The particle size of the finished spray‐dried powder was influenced by spray dryer infeed solids concentration, with higher solids leading to larger particle size. Microcapsule density did not appear to be affected by OSAn substitution or carrier type. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A short asymmetric synthesis of massoialactone
Authors: Yoshikawa Keisuke , Kitahara Takeshi 
Published: October 2008

Abstract(R)‐(−)‐Massoialactone (1) was synthesized via the enantioselective aldol‐type reaction of diketene (2) with (E)‐2‐hexenal (4) in only a few steps. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitation in gas chromatography: usual practices and performances of a response factor database
Authors: Cicchetti Esmeralda , Merle Philippe , Chaintreau Alain 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this study, usual methods commonly applied to report the quantitative composition of flavours, fragrances and essential oils were compared. The MS determinations without response factors exhibited a lack of accuracy and reproducibility. FID provided better results, but the determinations were still unsatisfactory. The best results were obtained by true internal standardization in MS and FID, which is time‐consuming for mixtures composed of many constituents. The use of a response factor database was thus proposed and validated by testing the response dependence on GC parameters, using an experimental design. Very low time variations were observed. Under standard GC conditions, the determination of a model mixture with four different instruments exhibited a mean bias of < 3.4%. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicomponent dissipative particle dynamics: Formulation of a general framework for simulations of complex fluids
Authors: Chaudhri Anuj , Lukes Jennifer R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe dissipative particle dynamics mesoscopic simulation method is analyzed thoroughly by identifying the scaling factors necessary to simulate a multicomponent system. A new framework of general expressions is derived relating the parameters in the system to their dimensionless quantities. The consistent non‐dimensionalization used in this paper serves to connect the previous models in the literature. When the scaling factors are based on the solvent in a multicomponent system, the system of equations reduces to the well‐known Groot and Warren model. Validation results for ideal, simple and binary immiscible fluids are presented and compared with established results from the literature. The framework established herein is an important step toward the practical application of dissipative particle dynamics for the analysis of complex fluid systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geometrical interpretation of the multi‐point flux approximation L‐method
Authors: Cao Yufei , Helmig Rainer , Wohlmuth Barbara I. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we first investigate the influence of different Dirichlet boundary discretizations on the convergence rate of the multi‐point flux approximation (MPFA) L‐method by the numerical comparisons between the MPFA O‐ and L‐method, and show how important it is for this new method to handle Dirichlet boundary conditions in a suitable way. A new Dirichlet boundary strategy is proposed, which in some sense can well recover the superconvergence rate of the normal velocity. In the second part of the work, the MPFA L‐method with homogeneous media is studied. A systematic concept and geometrical interpretations of the L‐method are given and illustrated, which yield more insight into the L‐method. Finally, we apply the MPFA L‐method for two‐phase flow in porous media on different quadrilateral grids and compare its numerical results for the pressure and saturation with the results of the two‐point flux approximation method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drag reduction by flow separation control on a car after body
Authors: Rouméas Mathieu , Gilliéron Patrick , Kourta Azeddine 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNew development constraints prompted by new pollutant emissions and fuel consumption standards (Corporate Average Economy Fuel) require that automobile manufacturers develop new flow control devices capable of reducing the aerodynamic drag of motor vehicles. The solutions envisaged must have a negligible impact on the vehicle geometry. In this context, flow control by continuous suction is seen as a promising alternative. The control configurations identified during a previous 2D numerical analysis are adapted for this purpose and are tested on a 3D geometry. A local suction system located on the upper part of the rear window is capable of eliminating the rear window separation on simplified fastback car geometry. Aerodynamic drag reductions close to 17% have been obtained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of benzodiazepines, depressive symptoms and cognitive function in old age
Authors: van Vliet Peter , van der Mast Roos C. , van den Broek Marianne , Westendorp Rudi G. J. , de Craen Anton J.M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectiveBenzodiazepine use is more frequently observed in depressive and cognitively impaired subjects. The temporal relation behind this association is unknown. Here, we studied whether benzodiazepine use is associated with depressive symptoms and cognitive function and what the temporal relation underlying the associations is.MethodsWithin the Leiden 85‐plus Study, a prospective population based study of 599 subjects aged 85 years at baseline, we assessed benzodiazepine use, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function annually during a 5‐year follow‐up period.ResultsBenzodiazepine users were more likely to be female, be institutionalized, and have a low education. Benzodiazepine users scored 0.76 points higher on the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale than non‐users (95% CI: 0.27–1.25, p = 0.002). They were 1.6‐fold more likely to develop new depressive symptoms in 1 year when compared to non‐users (95% CI: 1.05–2.55, p = 0.028). Benzodiazepine use did not associate with cognitive function, but discontinued benzodiazepine users had a 4.0 points lower Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in the year before discontinuation than continued benzodiazepine users (95% CI: 1.31–6.73, p = 0.004).ConclusionsIn old age the use of benzodiazepines is associated with depressive symptoms and the use of benzodiazepines may precede the development of depressive symptoms. Treating physicians seem to be aware of the detrimental effects of benzodiazepines on cognitive function. However, they should be cautious in prescribing a new benzodiazepine in old age and monitor elderly benzodiazepine users for development of depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altered sleep brain functional connectivity in acutely depressed patients
Authors: Leistedt Samuël J.J. , Coumans Nathalie , Dumont Martine , Lanquart Jean‐Pol , Stam Cornelis J. , Linkowski Paul 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that problems in information processing within neural networks may underlie depressive disease. In this study, we investigated whether sleep functional brain networks are abnormally organized during a major depressive episode (MDE). We characterized spatial patterns of functional connectivity by computing the “synchronization likelihood” (SL) of 19 sleep EEG channels in 11 acutely depressed patients [42 (20–51) years] and 14 healthy controls [32.9 (27–42) years]. To test whether disrupting an optimal pattern [“small‐world network” (SWN)] of functional brain connectivity underlies MDE, graph theoretical measures were then applied to the resulting synchronization matrices, and a clustering coefficient (C, measure of local connectedness) and a shortest path length (L, measure of overall network integration) were determined. In the depressed group, the mean SL was lower in the delta, theta and sigma frequency bands. Acutely depressed patients showed a significantly lower path length in the theta and delta frequency bands, whereas the cluster coefficient showed no significant changes. The present study provides further support that sleep functional brain networks exhibit “small‐world” properties. Sleep neuronal functional networks in depressed patients are characterized by a functional reorganization with a lower mean level of global synchronization and loss of SWN characteristics. These results argue for considering an MDE as a problem of neuronal network organization and a problem of information processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Condensation enhancement on a vertical plate (1st report, heat transfer characteristic on a dispersed finned surface)
Authors: Chu Rencai , Hatanaka Tsutomu , Nishio Shigefumi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this study, a condensation heat transfer experiment on vertical continuous and dispersed finned surfaces using FC5312 was carried out. Experimental parameters were the pitch and height of the fin, and the dispersed fin length. In the results, the phenomena of condensate retention were observed in the bottom of each row of the dispersed fin. The condensate flow from the upper row was concentrated into the valley of the fin and then flowed down into the valley of the next fin. Moreover, it was found from the experiment that the heat transfer coefficient on the dispersed finned surface was lower than the one on the continuous finned surface as the fin pitch was smaller, but was larger than that of the continued finned surface for a larger fin pitch. Furthermore, the heat transfer enhancing effect became more significant for the higher fin with the larger fin pitch, and the heat transfer reducing effect became more significant for the lower fin with the smaller fin pitch. These special characteristics of condensation mentioned above were caused by the phenomena of condensate retention in each row of the fin and the flow pattern of the condensate between two adjacent fins on the dispersed finned surface based on experimental observations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20221
Molecular dynamics study for dissociation phenomena of a gas molecule on a metal surface
Authors: Tokumasu Takashi , Hara Kanako , Ito Daigo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe dissociation phenomena of a gas molecule on a metal surface were analyzed by the molecular dynamics method. A platinum (111) surface and hydrogen were chosen as the metal surface and the gas molecule, respectively. The embedded atom method was used as the interaction between atoms in order to express the dependence of electron density. The parameters were determined so that the results such as the electron density, adsorption energy of an H atom on a Pt(111) surface, and the interaction between H atoms of an H2 molecule obtained by the EAM method were consistent with those obtained by the density functional theory or empirical function. Collisions between a hydrogen molecule and the platinum surface were simulated by the molecular dynamics method, and the dissociation probability was obtained. Using these results, the effect of the motion of the surface atoms or the hydrogen molecule on the dissociation probability was analyzed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20222
Effect of metal plate barrier without holes in forced convection of electronic equipment
Authors: Fujii Masao 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTwo rectangular block‐like elements as in an electronic module are positioned in a parallel‐walled channel and cooled by forced convection airflow. A metal plate without holes as a barrier protrudes above the plane of the modules. It is intended to function as a cover for protecting them from mechanical or electromagnetic damage, or as a thermal control device. Per‐module heat transfer coefficients in the presence of the barrier of various gaps, G, between the barrier and the channel and distance, L, between the module and the barrier were measured. In the presence of the barrier, the heat transfer coefficient at the 2nd row module is enhanced, but it is diminished at the 1st row module. Nusselt numbers are correlated as a function of Reynolds number and G/L. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20224
Dopamine D2 receptor polymorphisms and adenoma recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial
Authors: Murphy Gwen , Cross Amanda J. , Sansbury Leah S. , Bergen Andrew , Laiyemo Adeyinka O. , Albert Paul S. , Wang Zhuoqiao , Yu Binbing , Lehman Teresa , Kalidindi Aravind , Modali Rama , Schatzkin Arthur , Lanza Elaine 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEpidemiological evidence suggests that obesity may be causally associated with colorectal cancer. Dopamine and the dopaminergic reward pathway have been implicated in drug and alcohol addiction as well as obesity. Polymorphisms within the D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) have been shown to be associated with colorectal cancer risk. We investigated the association between DRD2 genotype at these loci and the risk of colorectal adenoma recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of adenoma recurrence were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Individuals with any, multiple (≥2) or advanced adenoma recurrence after 4 years were compared to those without adenoma recurrence. Variation in intake of certain dietary components according to DRD2 genotype at 3 loci (rs1799732; rs6277; rs1800497) was also investigated. The DRD2 rs1799732 CT genotype was significantly associated with all adenoma recurrence (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.69). The rs1800497 TT genotype was also associated with a significantly increased risk of advanced adenoma recurrence (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.11, 5.20). The rs1799732 CT and rs1800497 TT genotypes were significantly associated with adenoma recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial. Increased risk of adenoma recurrence as conferred by DRD2 genotypes may be related to difference in alcohol and fat intake across genotypes. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IRC‐083864, a novel bis quinone inhibitor of CDC25 phosphatases active against human cancer cells
Authors: Brezak Marie‐Christine , Valette Annie , Quaranta Muriel , Contour‐Galcera Marie‐Odile , Jullien Denis , Lavergne Olivier , Frongia Céline , Bigg Dennis , Kasprzyk Philip G. , Prevost Grégoire Pierre , Ducommun Bernard 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCDC25 phosphatases are key actors in cyclin‐dependent kinases activation whose role is essential at various stages of the cell cycle. CDC25 expression is upregulated in a number of human cancers. CDC25 phosphatases are therefore thought to represent promising novel targets in cancer therapy. Here, we report the identification and the characterization of IRC‐083864, an original bis‐quinone moiety that is a potent and selective inhibitor of CDC25 phosphatases in the low nanomolar range. IRC‐083864 inhibits cell proliferation of a number of cell lines, regardless of their resistance to other drugs. It irreversibly inhibits cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and prevents entry into mitosis. In addition, it inhibits the growth of HCT‐116 tumor spheroids with induction of p21 and apoptosis. Finally, IRC‐083864 reduced tumor growth in mice with established human prostatic and pancreatic tumor xenografts. This study describes a novel compound, which merits further study as a potential anticancer agent. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nitric oxide stimulates migration of human endothelial and prostate cancer cells through up‐regulation of pleiotrophin expression and its receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β/ζ
Authors: Polytarchou Christos , Hatziapostolou Maria , Poimenidi Evangelia , Mikelis Constantinos , Papadopoulou Ariadni , Parthymou Anastasia , Papadimitriou Evangelia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPleiotrophin (PTN) is a secreted growth factor involved in angiogenesis and tumor growth. We have recently shown that low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP) stimulate PTN expression, through activation of the transcription factor AP‐1. In the present work, we studied the possible involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of PTN expression, as well as involvement of the latter in the NO‐induced human endothelial and prostate cancer cell migration. Inhibition of eNOS or the downstream effector soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) completely suppressed HP‐induced AP‐1 activities that lead to PTN expression and cell migration. The NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) through activation of sGC significantly and concentration‐dependently increased expression of PTN, through transcriptional activation of the corresponding gene. Moreover, SNP had no effect on the migration of stably transfected prostate cancer cells that do not express PTN and knockdown of PTN receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β/ζ (RPTPβ/ζ) completely abolished SNP‐induced cell migration. NO added exogenously or produced endogenously by low concentrations of HP through stimulation of sGC activates extracellular signal‐regulated kinase[1/2] (ERK[1/2]) and leads to PTN expression and cell migration. On the other hand, p38, which also intervenes in the up‐regulation of PTN expression by low concentrations of HP, seems to act upstream of eNOS and does not intervene in the SNP‐induced PTN expression and cell migration. The above data suggest that PTN through its receptor RPTPβ/ζ is a mediator of the stimulatory effects of eNOS/NO on human endothelial and prostate cancer cell migration. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.