bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Telework Tradeoff: Stress Mitigation vs. Constrained Restoration
Authors: Hartig Terry , Kylin Camilla , Johansson Gunn 
Published: February 2007

As a coping strategy, telework may reduce stress from some sources; however, it may also undermine restorative functions of the home. Investigating this tradeoff between stress mitigation and the constraint of restoration, we analysed questionnaire data from 101 full‐time Swedish governmental employees whose workplace relocated to another city. After the relocation, 58 employees performed ≥ 20 per cent of their ordinary paid work at home. Coping with commuting and parenting demands frequently figured among reasons for teleworking. Having a separate room for telework appeared to ameliorate spatial but not temporal or mental overlap of work and non‐work life. Teleworkers and non‐teleworkers alike experienced the home more as a place of restoration than one of demands. Teleworking was reliably associated with restoration, conditional on gender; of those who teleworked, women reported less, and men more, effective restoration than their counterparts among non‐teleworkers.Le télétravail, comme stratégie d’affrontement (coping), peut lutter contre le stress de diverses façons; mais il peut aussi miner les fonctions reconstituantes du foyer. Pour l’étude du compromis entre l’atténuation du stress et les contraintes du retour à l’état normal, nous avons analysé les réponses à un questionnaire rempli par 101 fonctionnaires suédois à plein‐temps dont le travail a été délocalisé. A la suite de ce changement, 58 de ces agents réalisaient au moins 20% de leur tâche habituelle chez eux. Le télétravail était souvent vu comme une réponse aux exigences parentales et au transport pour aller à sur son lieu de travail. Le fait de disposer d’une pièce séparée réservée au télétravail améliorait le recouvrement spatial, mais pas les recouvrements temporel et psychologique des vies de travail—hors travail. Les télétravailleurs, aussi bien que ceux qui ne l’étaient pas, vivaient leur foyer plus comme un lieu de repos que de contraintes. Le télétravail était régulièrement liéà la remise en forme, mais parmi les télétravailleurs, les hommes témoignaient de plus et les femmes de moins de récupération effective que leurs homologues non télétravailleurs.
Gender, Health and Stress in English University Staff—Exposure or Vulnerability?
Authors: Tytherleigh M.Y. , Jacobs P.A. , Webb C. , Ricketts C. , Cooper C. 
Published: February 2007

In May 2002, a national benchmarking exercise of occupational stress in English Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) was carried out using the ASSET (an organisational stress screening tool), with a stratified random sample of all categories of staff. This paper presents a secondary analysis of these data by gender for full‐time, permanent staff only. Results show that when differences in age and job exposure (i.e. type of university; category of employee; salary level; hours worked per week; and additional responsibilities) were accounted for, men and women reported similar levels of stress for work relationships, work–life balance, overload, job security, control, resources and communication, and job overall. They also reported similar levels of commitment. In contrast, however, men were more troubled by pay and benefits and women reported higher levels of physical and psychological (ill) health outcomes of stress. Interpreted in accordance with the differential vulnerability and exposure hypotheses, our results show that men are more vulnerable to the negative effects of stressors associated with pay and benefits, and women are more vulnerable to the negative outcomes of health, and not by differential exposure to them.En mai 2002, on a réalisé une évaluation nationale du stress professionnel dans les institutions britanniques d’enseignement de haut niveau (HEI) en utilisant l’ASSET (un outil de dépistage du stress professionnel), avec un échantillon stratifié aléatoire de toutes les catégories d’équipes. On expose dans cet article une analyse secondaire par genre des données recueillies, uniquement pour les groupes permanents travaillant à plein‐temps. Il est apparu que si l’on tenait compte des différences d’âge et de situations professionnelles (type d’université, catégorie de salarié, niveau de revenu, nombre d’heures travaillées par semaine et autres responsabilités), les deux sexes faisaient part de niveaux analogues de stress en ce qui concerne les relations de travail, l’équilibre entre les vies de travail—hors travail, le surmenage, la sécurité professionnelle, la maîtrise des situations, les ressources et la communication, et le travail en général. Ils ont aussi manifesté des niveaux d’implication comparables. Par contre, les hommes étaient davantage indisposés par le salaire et autres avantages, et les femmes rapportaient des retombées plus fréquentes du stress sur leur santé physique et mentale. Interprétés à partir des hypothèses d’exposition et de vulnérabilité différentielles, nos résultats montrent que les hommes sont plus vulnérables à l’impact négatif des facteurs de stress liés au salaire et autres avantages matériels, tandis que les femmes sont plus sensibles aux éléments nuisant à leur santé indépendamment des différences d’exposition.
Workaholism as Discretionary Time Investment at Work: An Experience‐Sampling Study
Authors: Snir Raphael , Zohar Dov 
Published: February 2007

Adopting an operational definition of workaholism as discretionary investment of considerable time at work, the purpose of the present study was to test hypotheses regarding the cognitive aspect of workaholism, as well as the positive and negative/addictive views of this construct. The study employed an experience‐sampling method (ESM), using a sample of 65 full‐time employees who completed the ESM forms at four random times during the day for one week. Results indicated that workaholism was associated with continued cognitive engagement with work, accompanied by a preference for work over leisure activity and higher positive affect during work activity than during leisure activity. No significant differences were found between workaholics and non‐workaholics with regard to the likelihood of performing work‐related activities during leisure activity, or in the levels of physical discomfort and negative affect during the weekend. These results highlight the utility of an operational framework for studying the variety of workaholism correlates. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.A partir d’une définition opérationnelle de l’addiction au travail comme étant un investissement sans contrôle d’un temps considérable consacré au travail, cette recherche s’est donné comme objectif de mettre à l’épreuve des hypothèses relatives à la dimension cognitive de l’addiction au travail, ainsi que les aspects positifs et négatifs (addictifs) de ce concept. Cette recherche a exploité la méthode de l’échantillonnage des expériences (ESM) à partir d’un échantillon composé de 65 salariés à plein‐temps qui ont rempli la feuille de recueil des données quatre fois par jour au hasard pendant une semaine. Les résultats ont montré que l’addiction au travail était liée à un engagement cognitif permanent vis‐à‐vis du travail, associéà une plus forte attirance pour le travail que pour les loisirs et à un état affectif plus fortement positif lors du travail qu’à l’occasion des activités de loisirs. On n’a pas trouvé de différences significatives entre les drogués du travail et les autres en ce qui concerne la probabilité de réaliser des activités relevant du travail pendant les loisirs, ou dans le niveau d’inconfort physique et le poids des affects négatifs pendant le week‐end. Ces résultats montrent l’utilité d’un schéma opérationnel dans l’étude de la diversité des phénomènes reliés à l’addiction au travail. Les implications théoriques et pratiques sont examinées.
The effect of maturation and age on oestrogen‐induced functional hypertrophy of the female rabbit bladder
Authors: Onal Bulent , Levin Robert M. , Kogan Barry A. , Whitbeck Catherine , Chichester Paul , Walebowa Oteng , Mannikarottu Anita S. 
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of maturation and ageing on oestrogen‐induced functional hypertrophy of the female rabbit bladder.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwenty female rabbits were separated into two groups of 10 each by age, young (immature) and old rabbits and each age group was subdivided into three subgroups. The rabbits in subgroup 1 were controls, subgroup 2 were ovariectomized (Ovx) and subgroup 3 were Ovx and received 17‐β oestradiol (1 mg/kg/day) by a subcutaneous slow‐release tablet implant. After 15 days of treatment, the rabbits were killed, the bladder was excised, and the body and base separated; two full‐thickness longitudinal strips from the ventral surface of the bladder body, and one full‐thickness strip from the base, were prepared for contractile studies. The contractile responses to electrical‐field stimulation, carbachol, ATP and KCl were determined for both the bladder body and base strips. In addition, full‐thickness strips of bladder body and base were fixed in formalin for histological and immunohistological studies.RESULTSOvx plus oestradiol resulted in significant increases in bladder weight and responses to all forms of stimulation in young and old rabbits (except for the response to KCl). Vascular density and the smooth muscle (SM)/collagen ratio significantly increased after oestradiol replacement. Interestingly, the increase in vascular density was greater in the young than in the old rabbits.CONCLUSIONSThe present study shows that oestrogen supplementation mediates a functional hypertrophy characterized by increased contractile responses to all forms of stimulation in both young and old rabbits. The increased contractile responses might be explained by the increases in vascular density and SM/collagen ratio.
Influence of blood sampling on protein profiling and pattern analysis using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry
Authors: Pelzer Alexandre E. , Feuerstein Isabel , Fuchsberger Christian , Ongarello Stefano , Bektic Jasmin , Schwentner Christian , Klocker Helmut , Bartsch George , Bonn Guenther K. 
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVETo describe the influence of blood sampling/sampling tubes on mass spectrometric and clustering results, and on clinical blood variables, in blood samples collected from healthy volunteers and patients with prostate cancer.PATIENTS, SUBJECTS AND METHODSTwo venous blood samples were taken from 12 healthy volunteers and 12 patients with localized prostate cancer. Two blood samples were taken from each participant using two different venepuncture systems (group A and group B). The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to identify the peaks distinguishing the different groups. In a 10‐fold cross‐validation study, decision trees for identifying discriminatory peaks that separate the benign from the malignant were constructed.RESULTSThe decision tree separated samples measured by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) from healthy volunteers from those of patients with prostate cancer, with a sensitivity of 93.6% and a specificity of 91.6%. Of special interest is that one peak at 6941 m/z was produced during blood sample preparation and had a very powerful influence on the results of the classification.CONCLUSIONThe results clearly showed that blood‐sampling systems have a great influence on the recorded MALDI MS traces, and thus can markedly influence and confound the results of the MS analysis, whereas clinical variables might remain unchanged. MS profiling is a promising method of marker discovery, but as it could be shown well‐designed studies are critical to allow proper interpretation for the identification of key variables as well as for the clinical use.
Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Lee Benjamin C. , Rodin David M. , Shah Ketul K. , Dahl Douglas M. 
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVETo describe our experience of simultaneous laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) with a non‐absorbable mesh, as there are few reports of simultaneous herniorrhaphy during LRP.PATIENTS AND METHODSForty patients who had simultaneous LIHR and LRP were retrospectively reviewed. All operations were completed via antegrade techniques using a non‐absorbable mesh for the LIHR, as the results with absorbable mesh were disappointing.RESULTSIn all, 48 clinically apparent hernias were repaired in 40 patients (mean age 60 years). Of these, 13 were left‐sided, 23 right‐sided, and six bilateral; 19 were direct, 14 indirect, two pantaloon, three femoral, and in 10 the type was not recorded. The mean operative duration was 172 min and the mean hospital stay was 1.5 days. Two patients had a urine leak after surgery, which resolved with no further intervention, and two developed a pelvic lymphocele, one at 4 months and the other at 2 months after surgery. Two patients required urinary catheter re‐insertion for retention after surgical catheter removal at 9 and 10 days after surgery, respectively. One patient developed a deep venous thrombosis 19 days after surgery. Of the 40 patients, 36 (90%) were followed for a mean of 10 months; none had a hernia recurrence on the repaired side, while two developed a new symptomatic contralateral hernia.CONCLUSIONSLIHR is a successful and reliable way to treat symptomatic patients who are treated surgically for prostate cancer.
Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation: a synthesis
Authors: Fischer Joern , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTLandscape modification and habitat fragmentation are key drivers of global species loss. Their effects may be understood by focusing on: (1) individual species and the processes threatening them, and (2) human‐perceived landscape patterns and their correlation with species and assemblages. Individual species may decline as a result of interacting exogenous and endogenous threats, including habitat loss, habitat degradation, habitat isolation, changes in the biology, behaviour, and interactions of species, as well as additional, stochastic threats. Human‐perceived landscape patterns that are frequently correlated with species assemblages include the amount and structure of native vegetation, the prevalence of anthropogenic edges, the degree of landscape connectivity, and the structure and heterogeneity of modified areas. Extinction cascades are particularly likely to occur in landscapes with low native vegetation cover, low landscape connectivity, degraded native vegetation and intensive land use in modified areas, especially if keystone species or entire functional groups of species are lost. This review (1) demonstrates that species‐oriented and pattern‐oriented approaches to understanding the ecology of modified landscapes are highly complementary, (2) clarifies the links between a wide range of interconnected themes, and (3) provides clear and consistent terminology. Tangible research and management priorities are outlined that are likely to benefit the conservation of native species in modified landscapes around the world.
Technical Efficiency in a Semi‐Formal Financial Sector: The Case of Mexico*
Authors: Paxton Julia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe semi‐formal financial sector in Mexico is playing an increasingly important role in serving a largely poor, rural clientele. A stochastic frontier with non‐monotonic marginal effects [Wang, Journal of Productivity Analysis (2002), Vol. 18, pp. 241–253] reveals a wide disparity in technical efficiency levels among 190 Mexican semi‐formal financial intermediaries. The results show that technology, average loan size, rural outreach and institutional age are all positively associated with technical efficiency. The marginal effects vary widely and, in some cases, the effects are non‐monotonic over percentile groups. The results indicate that strengthening younger, technologically undeveloped financial institutions will have the strongest marginal benefit in revitalizing the rural financial sector.
The familial risk of acne vulgaris in Chinese Hans – a case‐control study
Authors: Xu SX , Wang HL , Fan X , Sun LD , Yang S , Wang PG , Xiao FL , Gao M , Cui Y , Ren YQ , Du WH , Quan C , Zhang XJ 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground  Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicles. Recent studies bring us increasing evidences that hereditary factors play an important but indirect role in acne.Objective  To investigate the possible role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris in Chinese Han ethnic group.Parients and methods  Volunteers of 975 acne cases and 580 controls were included, contributing 3009 and 1825 first‐degree relatives, respectively. One thousand and eighty‐five first‐degree relatives of acne cases were affected with facial acne. This compared with 223 first‐degree relatives of non‐acne controls. The odds ratio was used to estimate the relative risk for acne vulgaris associated with having an affected first‐degree relative.Results  The risk of acne vulgaris occurring in a relative of a patient with acne vulgaris was significantly greater than for the relative of an unaffected individual (odds ratio 4.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.45–4.76, P < 0.001).Conclusion  Our study suggests that familial factors are important in determining individual susceptibility to acne vulgaris.
The Politics of CAP Reform: Trade Negotiations, Institutional Settings and Blame Avoidance*
Authors: DAUGBJERG CARSTEN , SWINBANK ALAN 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this article we argue that the conclusion of the GATT Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture and the subsequent role of the WTO has changed the international context of CAP policy‐making. However, comparing the three latest CAP reforms, we demonstrate that pressures on the CAP arising from international trade negotiations cannot alone account for the way in which the EU responds in terms of CAP reform. The institutional setting within which the reform package was determined also played a crucial role. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the CoAM seems to be a more conducive setting than the European Council for undertaking substantial reform of the CAP. We suggest that the choice of institutional setting is influenced by the desire of farm ministers and of heads of state or government to avoid blame for unpopular decisions. When CAP reform is an integral part of a broader package, farm ministers pass the final decision to the European Council and when CAP reform is defined as a separate issue the European Council avoids involvement.
Segmented Europeanization: Exploring the Legitimacy of the European Union from a Public Discourse Perspective*
Authors: SIFFT STEFANIE , BRÜGGEMANN MICHAEL , KÖNIGSLÖW KATHARINA KLEINEN‐V. , PETERS BERNHARD , WIMMEL ANDREAS 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe article presents the results of a longitudinal newspaper analysis on the Europeanization of public discourses in five EU countries. It shows that European governance is increasingly subject to public scrutiny, but neither has a common discourse in Europe developed nor has the communication lag of the EU disappeared. Therefore the EU remains largely dependent on domestic processes of legitimation.
Plurilateral Governance in the Enlarged European Union*
Authors: ZIELONKA JAN 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article examines the impact of the recent EU enlargement on European governance. Enlargement is treated as a kind of external shock to the existing governance system, broadening and diversifying the European public space. The prevalent hierarchical mode of governance is increasingly inadequate under these new circumstances and the Union will have to embrace more flexible, decentralized and soft modes of governance.
Ontogenetic relationships betweenin vivostrain environment, bone histomorphometry and growth in the goat radius
Authors: Main Russell P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVertebrate long bone form, at both the gross and the microstructural level, is the result of many interrelated influences. One factor that is considered to have a significant effect on bone form is the mechanical environment experienced by the bone during growth. The work presented here examines the possible relationships betweenin vivobone strains, bone geometry and histomorphology in the radii of three age/size groups of domestic goats.In vivobone strain data were collected from the radii of galloping goats, and the regional cortical distribution of peak axial strain magnitudes, radial and circumferential strain gradients, and longitudinal strain rates related to regional patterns in cortical growth, porosity, remodelling and collagen fibre orientation. Although porosity and remodelling decreased and increased with age, respectively, these features showed no significant regional differences and did not correspond to regional patterns in the mechanical environment. Thicker regions of the radius's cortex were significantly related to high strain levels and higher rates of periosteal, but not endosteal, growth. However, cortical growth and strain environment were not significantly related. Collagen fibre orientation varied regionally, with a higher percentage of transverse fibres in the caudal region of the radius and primarily longitudinal fibres elsewhere, and, although consistent through growth, also did not generally correspond to regional strain patterns. Although strain magnitudes increased during ontogeny and regional strain patterns were variable over the course of a stride, mean regional strain patterns were generally consistent with growth, suggesting that regional growth patterns and histomorphology, in combination with external loads, may play some role in producing a relatively ‘predictable’ strain environment within the radius. It is further hypothesized that the absence of correlation between regional histomorphometric patterns and the measured strain environments is the result of the variable mechanical environment. However, the potential effects of other physiological and mechanical factors, such as skeletal metabolism and adjacent muscle insertions, that can influence the gross and microstructural morphology of the radius during ontogeny, cannot be ignored.
Zinc in plants
Authors: Broadley Martin R. , White Philip J. , Hammond John P. , Zelko Ivan , Lux Alexander 
Published: February 2007

SummaryZinc (Zn) is an essential component of thousands of proteins in plants, although it is toxic in excess. In this review, the dominant fluxes of Zn in the soil–root–shoot continuum are described, including Zn inputs to soils, the plant availability of soluble Zn2+ at the root surface, and plant uptake and accumulation of Zn. Knowledge of these fluxes can inform agronomic and genetic strategies to address the widespread problem of Zn‐limited crop growth. Substantial within‐species genetic variation in Zn composition is being used to alleviate human dietary Zn deficiencies through biofortification. Intriguingly, a meta‐analysis of data from an extensive literature survey indicates that a small proportion of the genetic variation in shoot Zn concentration can be attributed to evolutionary processes whose effects manifest above the family level. Remarkable insights into the evolutionary potential of plants to respond to elevated soil Zn have recently been made through detailed anatomical, physiological, chemical, genetic and molecular characterizations of the brassicaceous Zn hyperaccumulators Thlaspi caerulescens and Arabidopsis halleri.

Contents

Summary
677

I.
Physical and chemical properties of zinc
678

II.
Biochemical properties of zinc
678

III.
Proteins interacting with zinc
678

IV.
Zinc fluxes in the soil–root–shoot continuum
679

V.
Zinc in plants
684

VI.
Plant responses to elevated soil Zn
686

Acknowledgements
695

References
696