bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tremor Assessment in Robot‐Assisted Microlaryngeal Surgery Using Computer Vision‐Based Tool Tracking
Authors: Cho Sue M. , Joo Henry H. , Golla Pranathi , Sahu Manish , Shankar Ahjeetha , Trakimas Danielle R. , Creighton Francis , Akst Lee , Taylor Russell H. , Galaiya Deepa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveUse microscopic video‐based tracking of laryngeal surgical instruments to investigate the effect of robot assistance on instrument tremor.Study DesignExperimental trial.SettingTertiary Academic Medical Center.MethodsIn this randomized cross‐over trial, 36 videos were recorded from 6 surgeons performing left and right cordectomies on cadaveric pig larynges. These recordings captured 3 distinct conditions: without robotic assistance, with robot‐assisted scissors, and with robot‐assisted graspers. To assess tool tremor, we employed computer vision‐based algorithms for tracking surgical tools. Absolute tremor bandpower and normalized path length were utilized as quantitative measures. Wilcoxon rank sum exact tests were employed for statistical analyses and comparisons between trials. Additionally, surveys were administered to assess the perceived ease of use of the robotic system.ResultsAbsolute tremor bandpower showed a significant decrease when using robot‐assisted instruments compared to freehand instruments (P = .012). Normalized path length significantly decreased with robot‐assisted compared to freehand trials (P = .001). For the scissors, robot‐assisted trials resulted in a significant decrease in absolute tremor bandpower (P = .002) and normalized path length (P < .001). For the graspers, there was no significant difference in absolute tremor bandpower (P = .4), but there was a significantly lower normalized path length in the robot‐assisted trials (P = .03).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that computer‐vision‐based approaches can be used to assess tool motion in simulated microlaryngeal procedures. The results suggest that robot assistance is capable of reducing instrument tremor.
Otolaryngology Care Disparities in American Indian Populations
Authors: Wang Alan W. , Patel Evan A. , Patel Nina , Poulson Trevor A. , Jagasia Ashok A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOur objectives were to quantify geographical disparities in otolaryngology care access with respect to American Indian (AI) populations and to identify gaps in care. Although increased incidence and mortality rates of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) conditions in AI populations are well documented, few studies address factors contributing to these differential outcomes. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of US states with AI areas that either met the population threshold for the American Community Survey annual estimate or annual supplemental estimate. A 2‐tailed t test was used to compare the geographic distribution of ENT providers practicing within AI areas against non‐AI areas, showing a statistically significant difference (P < .001) in the concentration of providers (0.409 vs 2.233 providers per 100,000 patients). To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore geographic barriers contributing to AI disparities within otolaryngology.
Effectiveness of multi‐walled carbon nanotube on the improvement of tensile, flexural, and low‐velocity impact properties of hybrid Kevlar/carbon fiber reinforced epoxy‐based composites
Authors: Sulaiman Bahjat Hardan , Abdo Atban R. , Erkliğ Ahmet , Bozkurt Ömer Yavuz , Bulut Mehmet 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effects of hybridizing carbon fibers with Kevlar fibers and incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) particles on low‐velocity impact, tensile, and flexural performance were evaluated experimentally. A manual lay‐up procedure followed by vacuum bag molding was used to construct hybrid composites (carbon and Kevlar) with and without MWCNTs, as well as hybrid composites with varying MWCNT weight ratios of carbon and Kevlar fiber reinforcements. When 0.1 wt% of MWCNT was added to the epoxy to enhance absorbed energy and peak load, the maximum improvements observed were 31% and 28%, respectively. The addition of MWCNTs by 0.5 wt% to the epoxy enhanced the flexural strength and flexural modulus by 66% and 41%, and by 5% with 0.1 wt% and 12.3% with 0.5 wt% MWCNT for tensile strength and tensile modulus, respectively. These improvements were observed in both tensile strength and tensile modulus. As for (C5K10C5), the maximum improvements in absorbed energy and peak load were observed to be 11.2% and 31%, respectively, corresponding to a 0.1 wt% MWCNT addition, whereas the maximum improvement in flexural strength and flexural modulus was 12.28% and 44%, respectively, with a 0.1 wt% MWCNT. These improvements in mechanical properties are primarily attributed to the enhanced stress transfer properties from fibers and nanoparticles to the matrix. This enhancement is a result of the strong interfacial interactions between epoxy and MWCNT nanoparticles.Highlights
MWCNT inclusion effects on mechanical properties of carbon/Kevlar hybrid composites.
MWCNT inclusion effects on low‐velocity impact properties of Carbon/Kevlar hybrid composites.
The effects of Kevlar and carbon stacking sequence with MWCNT incorporation were investigated.
Superior mechanical and ballistic performance of carbon nanotube‐reinforced phenolic/aramid fabric composites via a two‐roll pressing process
Authors: Li Zhaojing , Wang Mengjie , Liu Yanchen , Cai Lijuan , Fan Jiayi , Ou Yunfu , Zhu Lingzhuang , Li He , Mao Dongsheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, aramid fiber (AF)/phenolic resin prepreg was fabricated by impregnating low content carbon nanotube (CNT)‐reinforced phenolic resin with aramid fabric through a two‐roll pressing process. Both non‐functionalized and carboxylic‐functionalized CNTs (CNTs and CNTs‐COOH) were used for comparison study. For each of the formulations, composite laminate was made by a hot‐pressing process with a number of the prepregs stacked together. Mechanical properties and ballistic performance of the laminates and material failure mechanisms were evaluated and analyzed. Both non‐functionalized and CNTs‐COOH can effectively improve the mechanical and ballistic performance of the laminates. With CNTs‐COOH reinforcement, better results were achieved. As compared with the laminate without CNT reinforcement, 1.0 wt% CNTs‐COOH‐reinforced laminate showed 19.41%, 22.29%, and 45.83% improvement in tensile, flexural, and adhesion shear strength, respectively. The ballistic test results showed that the V50 and the specific energy absorption (SEA) were increased by 5.77% and 13.44%, respectively. The correlation between mechanical and ballistic performance of the composites was analyzed and conducted.
SiO2@Al2O3 binary filler: A chance for enhancing the heat transport in rubber composites for tire applications
Authors: Mirizzi Lorenzo , Amighini Alerhush Andreia , Nisticò Roberto , Malandrino Mery , Diré Sandra , Callone Emanuela , Fredi Giulia , Dorigato Andrea , Giannini Luca , Guerra Silvia , Mostoni Silvia , Di Credico Barbara , Scotti Roberto , D'Arienzo Massimiliano 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study reports on the development of a new binary filler system for rubber composites, SiO2@Al2O3, where Al2O3 sheets are grown onto SiO2 nanoparticles aggregates by a sustainable water‐based soft‐chemistry approach. The aim is to synergistically integrate the intrinsic thermal conductivity properties of Al2O3 with the peculiar reinforcement ability of SiO2 in an easy one‐pot solution, which has been exploited to prepare polybutadiene (PB) model composites by a simple solvent casting technique. More in detail, the binary filler was used as‐prepared or suitably surface functionalized with 3‐(Trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (TMSPM). The filler compatibilization and interplay with the polymeric matrix have been inspected by solid state NMR in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy. These investigations highlighted that the presence of alumina in the binary filler does not undermine the capability of silica in generating polymer chains stiffening and indicated a significant effect of the silanization in providing better filler networking and interaction with the PB host ensuring, in principle, an enhanced thermal transport. Accordingly, thermal conductivity measurements revealed that SiO2@Al2O3 introduction in PB induces a remarkable upgrade of the heat transfer, which becomes much more relevant upon surface modification with TMSPM. These results appear encouraging, paving the possibility of applying SiO2@Al2O3 model system to more complex case studies, where both improved thermal conductivity and enhanced reinforcement are required, such as tires tread formulations.Highlights
A new SiO2@Al2O3 binary filler system was proposed following a soft‐chemistry approach.
The binary filler was functionalized to enhance its compatibilization.
Fillers were dispersed in polybutadiene by a simple solvent casting technique.
Thermal conductivity measurements revealed a remarkable upgrade of the heat transfer ability.
Clinical experience of next generation sequencing based expanded carrier screening in high‐risk couples from a tertiary healthcare center in Pakistan
Authors: Akbar Fizza , Kirmani Salman , Qazi Muhammad Farrukh , Ali Najia Minhas , Ali Zohra Hasan , Afroze Bushra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionCarrier screening for genetic conditions has long been a part of preconception and prenatal care. While the use of expanded carrier screening (ECS) is widely common in HICs (high income countries), the clinical actionability of ECS in LMICs (low middle income countries) with high consanguineous unions is not well‐understood.MethodRetrospective chart review of couples who presented to the Prenatal Genetics Clinic at Aga Khan University Hospital, between the period of June 2018 and November 2022. All the statistical analyses were performed using the statistical software STATA version 17.0.ResultsOf the 202 individuals tested, 166 (82%) were identified to be carriers of at least one gene associated with a monogenic condition. Out of the 302 genes tested, individuals were found to be carriers of conditions associated with 87 genes. Clinical actionability of ECS was established in a total of 45 (45%) high risk couples undergoing screening using ECS.ConclusionWe report the first clinical experience of using next generation sequencing based ECS in 101 high‐risk couples seeking consultation in the Genetics Clinic, at a tertiary healthcare center in Pakistan, showing that over 80% high‐risk individuals are carriers of at least one condition and 45% of couples receive an actionable result to making autonomous informed reproductive decisions in future pregnancies.
A capture‐based method of prenatal cell‐free DNA screening for autosomal recessive non‐syndromic hearing loss
Authors: Mu Qian , Bai Ling , Xu Bing , Du Huawen , Jiang Zhaoyun , Huang Shasha , Gao Bo , Wu Qixi , Zhao Hanqing , Dai Pu , Jiang Yi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate a prenatal cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening method that uses capture‐based enrichment to genotype fetal autosomal recessive disorders. This method was applied in pregnancies at high risk of autosomal recessive non‐syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) to assess its accuracy and effectiveness.MethodsThis assay measured the allele counts in both white blood cell DNA and cfDNA from the blood samples of pregnant women using a capture‐based next‐generation sequencing method. It then applied a binomial model to infer the fetal genotypes with the maximum likelihood. Ninety‐four pregnant couples that were carriers of variants of ARNSHL in GJB2 or SLC26A4 were enrolled. The fetal genotypes deduced using this screening method were compared with the results of genetic diagnosis using amniocentesis.ResultsOf the 94 couples, 65 carried more than one variant, resulting in 170 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci to be inferred in the fetuses. Of the 170 fetal SNP genotypes, 150 (88.2%) had high confidence calls and 139 (92.7%) of these matched the genotypes obtained by amniocentesis result. Out of the remaining 20 (11.8%) cases with low‐confidence calls, only 14 (70.0%) were concordant with genetic diagnosis using amniocentesis. The concordance rate was 100% for sites where the maternal genotype was wild‐type homozygous. The discordance was site‐biased, with each locus showing a consistent direction of discordance. Genetic diagnosis identified a total of 19 wild‐type homozygotes, 46 heterozygotes, 19 compound heterozygotes, and 10 pathogenic homozygotes. This screening method correctly genotyped 81.9% (77/94) of fetuses and demonstrated a sensitivity of 89.7% and a specificity of 89.2% for correctly identifying ARNSHL.ConclusionThis capture‐based method of prenatal screening by cfDNA demonstrated strong potential for fetal genotyping of autosomal recessive disorders.
Bibliometric analysis of neonatal sepsis from 2002 to 2022
Authors: Liu Chang , Chen Feifan , Shi Yuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to visualize the knowledge structure and research trends in neonatal sepsis research through bibliometric methods. Articles and reviews regarding neonatal sepsis from 2002 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace software was used to visualize the knowledge network of countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, keywords, and references in this field. Altogether, 2314 publications were identified. During the study period, the number of publications increased yearly. The USA is the leading country in neonatal sepsis research. Duke University was the most prolific institution, with Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal and BASU S being the most prolific journal and author in the field, respectively. Pathogen, diagnosis, and management were the main topics of research, and future studies may concentrate on novel diagnostic biomarkers and judicious use of antibiotics. In summary, the results of our bibliometric analysis revealed views on the current situation and trends of neonatal sepsis research for the first time. This study may provide guidance for promoting research on neonatal sepsis.
Time‐lagged effects of student misbehavior on teacher counterproductive work behaviors: The role of negative affect and regulatory focus
Authors: Ghasemi Farshad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStudent misbehavior is a significant occupational stressor for educators, with numerous emotional consequences threatening their mental well‐being. However, research to date has failed to study the behavioral consequences of student misbehavior among teachers, as such stressors may lead to counterproductive workplace behaviors (CWB) that could decline teachers' performance and school functioning. The current study builds on the stressor–emotion model and frustration‐aggression theory to fill this major gap in the literature. The proposed research model examines the association between student misbehavior and teacher CWB through two indirect pathways. It was hypothesized that job‐related negative affect would mediate the relationship between student misbehavior and CWB, and regulatory prevention focus would moderate the path from student misbehavior to CWB. Data collected from a sample of 330 teachers at two time points revealed that student misbehavior was directly associated with CWB and was indirectly associated with CWB through job‐related negative affect. Additionally, the regulatory prevention focus moderated the relationship between student misbehavior and CWB. The findings of the study help clarify the processes underlying the stressor‐behavior link, as well as the boundary conditions of these processes, which could provide a framework for schools to guide policies and practices regarding supporting educators in their interpretation and response to classroom misbehavior.
Proteomic characterization of extracellular vesicles in programmed cell death
Authors: Xue Vivian Weiwen , Wong Sze Chuen Cesar , Zhao Huafu , Cho William Chi Shing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental biological process that plays a critical role in cell development, differentiation, and homeostasis. The secretion and uptake of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is one of the important regulatory mechanisms for PCD. EVs are natural membrane structures secreted by cells that contain a variety of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other bioactive molecules. Due to their important roles in intercellular communication and disease progression, there is great interest in studying EVs and their cargo. Different protein components are sorted and packaged in EVs, allowing EVs to perform their functions. The study of EV proteomics helps us understand the role of PCD in the development of diseases. Meanwhile, proteomics is a powerful tool for studying the composition and function of EVs, which assists in the identification, quantification, and profiling of protein components of EVs, and provides insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in PCD and related diseases. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of EV proteomics in different types of PCD, compare different proteomic profiling strategies for EVs, and discuss the impact of EV proteomics on cell function and regulation during PCD, to understand its role in the pathogenesis of related diseases.
What are the mechanisms underlying the delivery of survivorship care information in Australia? A realist review
Authors: Myers Larry , Johnston Elizabeth A. , Zajdlewicz Leah , Viljoen Bianca , Kelly Sarah , Perry Nicole , Stiller Anna , Crawford‐Williams Fiona , Chan Raymond J. , Emery Jon D. , Bergin Rebecca J. , Aitken Joanne F. , Goodwin Belinda C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveQuality survivorship information is an essential component of cancer care. However, survivors often report not receiving this information and healthcare professionals report limited practical guidance on how to effectively deliver survivorship information. Therefore, this study used realist review methods to identify mechanisms reported within the published literature for communicating survivorship information and to understand the contextual factors that make these mechanisms effective.MethodsFull‐text papers published in CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Academic Search Ultimate were included. Studies included in this review were conducted in Australia between January 2006 and December 2023, and reported on how information regarding survivorship care was communicated to adult cancer survivors living in the community. This review utilized realist methodologies: text extracts were converted to if‐then statements used to generate context‐mechanism‐outcome theories.ResultsFifty‐one studies were included and six theories for mechanisms that underpin the effective delivery of survivorship information were formed. These include: (1) tailoring information based on the survivors' background, (2) enhancing communication among providers, (3) employing dedicated survivorship staff, (4) providing survivorship training, (5) reducing the burden on survivors to navigate their care, and (6) using multiple modalities to provide information.ConclusionsFindings can inform practical guidance for how survivorship care information is best delivered in practice. Clinicians can apply this guidance to improve their individual interactions with cancer survivors, as can policymakers to develop healthcare systems and procedures that support effective communication of cancer survivorship information.
Preclinical metabolism and the disposition of vornorexant/TS‐142, a novel dual orexin 1/2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia
Authors: Konno Yoshihiro , Kamigaso Shunsuke , Toki Hidetoh , Terasaka Shuichi , Hikichi Hirohiko , Endo Hiromi , Yamaguchi Jun‐Ichi , Mizuno‐Yasuhira Akiko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe investigated the metabolism and disposition of vornorexant, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist, in rats and dogs, and clarified in vitro metabolite profiles in humans. Furthermore, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of active metabolites in rats and dogs and their CNS distribution in rats to elucidate its contribution to drug efficacy. [14C]vornorexant was rapidly and mostly absorbed after the oral administration in rats and dogs. The drug‐derived radioactivity, including metabolites, was distributed to major organs such as the liver, kidneys in rats, and was almost eliminated within 24 h post‐dose in both species. Metabolite profiling revealed that main clearance mechanism of vornorexant was metabolism via multiple pathways by oxidation. The major circulating components were the cleaved metabolites (M10, M12) in rats, and the unchanged form in dogs, followed by M1, and then M3. Incubation with human hepatocytes resulted in formation of metabolites, including M1, M3, M10, and M12. The metabolic pathways were similar in all tested species. Resulting from the PK and CNS distribution of active metabolites (M1 and M3) with weaker pharmacological activity, the concentration of the unchanged form was higher than that of active metabolites in rat CSF and dog plasma, suggesting that the unchanged form mainly contributed to the drug efficacy. These findings demonstrate that vornorexant is absorbed immediately after administration, and vornorexant and its metabolites are rapidly and completely eliminated in rats and dogs. Thus, vornorexant may have favorable pharmacokinetic profiles as a hypnotic drug to provide rapid onset of action and minimal next‐day residual effects in humans.
Bombyx mori voltage‐dependent anion‐selective channel induces programmed cell death to defend against Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection
Authors: Lv Jun‐li , Lai Wen‐qing , Gong Yu‐quan , Zheng Kai‐yi , Zhang Xiao‐ying , Lu Zhan‐peng , Li Mu‐wang , Wang Xue‐yang , Dai Li‐shang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDVoltage‐dependent anion‐selective channels (VDACs) serve as pore proteins within the mitochondrial membrane, aiding in the regulation of cell life and cell death. Although the occurrence of cell death is crucial for defense against virus infection, the function played by VDAC in Bombyx mori, in response to the influence of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), remains unclear.RESULTSBmVDAC was found to be relatively highly expressed both during embryonic development, and in the Malpighian tubule and midgut. Additionally, the expression levels of BmVDAC were found to be different among silkworm strains with varying levels of resistance to BmNPV, strongly suggesting a connection between BmVDAC and virus infection. To gain further insight into the function of BmVDAC in BmNPV, we employed RNA interference (RNAi) to silence and overexpress it by pIZT/V5‐His‐mCherry. The results revealed that BmVDAC is instrumental in developing the resistance of host cells to BmNPV infection in BmN cell‐line cells, which was further validated as likely to be associated with initiating programmed cell death (PCD). Furthermore, we evaluated the function of BmVDAC in another insect, Spodoptera exigua. Knockdown of the BmVDAC homolog in S. exigua, SeVDAC, made the larvae more sensitive to BmNPV.CONCLUSIONWe have substantiated the pivotal role of BmVDAC in conferring resistance against BmNPV infection, primarily associated with the initiation of PCD. The findings of this study shine new light on the molecular mechanisms governing the silkworm's response to BmNPV infection, thereby supporting innovative approaches for pest biocontrol. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.