bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encoding of line drawings with multiple hexagonal grid chain code
Authors: Shinohara Katsuyuki , Minami Toshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the encoding of line drawings using a hexagonal quantization grid. When an efficient encoding of line drawings is required in general, one must seek the encoding method which minimizes the code assigned to the unit length of the line‐drawing, under the constraint for the quantization error. The multiple square grid chain code, which was already proposed, is one such encoding method. This paper describes the result of a study on the multiple hexagonal quantization grid, which is more efficient than the former method. In those methods, the quantization grid is not fixed. The quantization points are arranged on the edge of the grid, and the quantization is made more efficient by adjusting the point of quantization grid connections according to the previous situation of quantization. The rate‐distortion value of the multiple hexagonal grid chain code is shown to be approximately 0.7 times that of the multiple square grid chain code and approximately 0.45 times that of Freeman's chain code. The reason for the differences are discussed in some detail, and the actual algorithm and the processing time are described, considering the real‐time property of the code.
Object recognition sensor using ring pattern method for robotic applications
Authors: Ohya Jun 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTo provide robots with a flexibility of operation, it is necessary to develop a sensor which can recognize the distance to the object as well as its surface shape. This paper investigates the robot sensor using the ring pattern method, where a circular pattern is projected on the object and the location and the shape of the object is recognized by analyzing the distortion of the projected pattern. In the proposed system, a conical beam is projected from a ring projector, and by varying the azimuth angle of the cone, both the distance and the shape are recognized. The distance to the object is determined utilizing the geometrical relation when the beam is focused to a point on the object surface. For the shape, the ring pattern is approximated by ellipses, and the shape is analyzed by the distributions of this parameter. The three‐dimensional data are obtained from the distortion of the projected pattern from the circle, which would have been obtained by projecting the light on a plane which is parallel to the projector plane and passing through the point of the measured distance. The measurement is made by scanning the beam on the object, and the result of recognition for the whole object is represented by the surface patching. An experimental system was constructed based on the proposed principle, using 6 projectors. A satisfactory result was obtained for the measurements of distance, shape and inclination of the plane. Using a book as the object, a grid scanning is made and the result is represented by the surface patching. It is seen that the edge and the curve of the paper can be recognized.
Determining three‐dimensional structure from image sequences given by horizontal and vertical moving camera
Authors: Yamamoto Masanobu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractStereovision is the simplest method for acquiring three‐dimensional information. A problem then is that sometimes it is difficult to establish a correspondence between the left and right images in such cases as: (1) multiple correspondence; (2) occlusion; (3) positional reversals; and (4) horizontal edge. This paper proposes a method to determine the three‐dimensional structure of the scene from the sequences of images obtained by moving camera. First, a two‐dimensional image is constructed from the sequence of images in which the apparent locus of motion is represented as a segment. The corresponding problem here is simplified as the detection of segments on the synthetic image. By examining the relations among the detected segments, the occlusions can be detected, and the correspondence can be established where positional reversals occur. By moving the camera not only in one direction, but also in orthogonal directions, the unique correspondence can be established, independently of the direction of the edge. An input system was constructed which can accept a large number of stereo image sequences with a high speed, and a complex three‐dimensional structure of the scene was actually restored.
Fault‐tolerant network routings for (k + 1)‐node connected and (k + 1)‐edge connected graphs
Authors: Wada Koichi , Kawaguchi Kimio , Luo Yupin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractImproving the reliability of information transmission in communications networks and computer networks economically and efficiently is an important subject. A communications network (computer network) is represented by a graph whose nodes and edges correspond to switching offices (computers) and links, respectively, and communication between two nodes is made through a path in a graph. Routing is defined as the determination of a communication path between two nodes in a network. The diameter of the surviving route graph, where two nonfaulty nodes are connected by an edge if there are no faults on the route between them, could be one of the fault‐tolerant measures for a routing. In this paper, for the routing of any (k + 1)‐node connected graph G defined by Dolev et al., we discuss the upper and lower bounds of the diameter of the surviving route graph for any fault. We can also construct a routing for (k + 1)‐edge connected graph G such that the diameter of the surviving route graph is constant for any edge faults.
Representation of problem—solving processes by a model of associative processor hasp. a case study for the process of addition
Authors: Hirai Yuzo , Ma Qing 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper aims at a constructive description of which neural network model can represent the human problem‐solving process and how the process is related to the various human memories by what context. From such a viewpoint, a neural network model is constructed for the representation of the problem‐solving process. In this paper, a model for the addition process is constructed as the first step, using the associative memory model HASP (human associative processor) proposed by one of the present authors. The model is composed of the following components: the procedure memory, which stores and retrieves the procedures of the addition; semantics memory, which stores the knowledge about the addition such as 2 + 2 = 4; the working memory, which temporarily stores the external and internal information; and the goal memory, which stores the problem‐solving process as a chain of subgoals, and manages the flow of procedures from one higher level in the control hierarchy. In this study, a computer simulation was performed for the addition processes for several numbers with multiple digits, and it is shown that the addition process can be represented. Then the computer simulation is made for the generation of four kinds of bugs in the addition. It is shown that the bug generation can be represented by the model.
Property-Led Regeneration and Job Creation: The Belfast Case
Authors: Cebulla Andreas 
Published: July 2007

Outline This paper presents the results of a recent evaluation of the Urban Development Grant in Belfast. In contrast to cities in Great Britain, the Urban Development Grant in Belfast has been available not just to property speculators, but also to owner-occupiers of commercial premises. The grant is to facilitate employment growth in assisted businesses by removing constraints on trade and production imposed by unsuitable premises or location. An analysis of employment change in UDG-assisted and non-assisted businesses is undertaken to ascertain whether grant assistance was associated with employment growth.
Discovering culture-led regeneration in Dundee
Authors: McCarthy John , Lloyd Greg 
Published: July 2007

Summary The arts and culture sectors have been shown to contain considerable potential as driving forces for regeneration. Following a series of physical, economic and community regeneration initiatives in the city of Dundee, an arts and culture-based strategy is now being followed which would seem to offer a means by which sustainable regeneration achievements can be made. While this initiative has been integrated with other aspects of regeneration in the city, a broader, strategic approach to culture-led regeneration would seem to be necessary for maximum benefits to be obtained.
POST‐GRADUATE EDUCATION IN ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM — A NEW ZEALAND EXPERIENCE
Authors: O'Hagan J.J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe basic objectives and unique problems associated with post‐graduate education in this field are discussed. Difficulties in the recruitment and training of alcoholism specialists are outlined. Methods of continuing education are described, including the educational role of the Medical Society on Alcohol and Alcoholism, the publication of a handbook on Alcoholism for Medical Practitioners, the development of an experiential ‘live‐in’ alcoholism unit attachment, and experience with the organization of workshops on the practical management of alcohol problems in clinical practice. Ways of influencing the unconverted are discussed.
ASSESSMENT OF OPIOID DEPENDENCE
Authors: REILLY DAVID K. , TWYMAN DAVID , WILLIAMS ROBERT J. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTDiagnostic criteria for opioid dependence is presented. Five methods are described to assess the presence and/or severity of the opioid dependence syndrome:

Self‐report.
Physical examination
Toxicological analysis
Observation of withdrawal symptoms
Naloxone (Narcan) test.

Problems in determining actual amounts of heroin in “street deals’ is also discussed. It is emphasised that assessment of heroin‐related problems in particular, requires a comprehensive lifestyle assessment in addition to the specific diagnosis of opioid dependence based largely on physical symptomatology as outlined in this paper.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA, 1971‐82: SOME PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
Authors: SMITH D.I. , BURVILL P.W. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTLiver cirrhosis mortality and morbidity (primary and secondary diagnosis) data for Western Australian men and women over the age of 30 years for the period 1971‐1982 are presented. Correlations between the morbidity and mortality data and adult consumption of beer, wine, spirits and absolute alcohol are also reported. Possible reasons for the various significant correlations are discussed, and in particular, with respect to increasing adult (≥15 years) wine consumption.
ALCOHOLIC CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA: SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION PRIORITIES
Authors: BUNGEY JILL , Winter Carol 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTA survey aimed at assessing alcohol consumption patterns of persons aged over 18 years was conducted in South Australia during October 1983. Included in the survey were general questions relating to types and quantities of alcohol consumed, the effects of the wine cask and the impact of LA Beer on consumption patterns, as well as attitudinal data on random breath testing (RBT), and the characteristics of people tested at RBT sites.Major findings of the survey were that whilst the average daily consumption of alcohol by persons was not significantly different from consumption reported in February 1977, there was an increase in the average daily consumption of alcohol by women during this period. The reported average consumption of beer fell, especially with men aged 40‐64 years. In contrast, the average consumption of wine increased, particularly amongst women.In regard to random breath testing, heavy consumers of alcohol were significantly less in favour of RBT than non or light drinkers. When respondents were questioned about the relationship between alcohol consumption and blood alcohol level, the results indicated that the public lacks knowledge and is very uncertain about this issue. Some implications for prevention priorities are discussed.
ALCOHOL, DRUGS AND ROAD TRAUMA
Authors: McDERMOTT F.T. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses mainly on Victorian experience. Studies documenting the associations between driving after drinking and road trauma, the introduction of random roadside breathtesting, levels of knowledge and the incidence of drinking problems amongst drivers, the profile of convicted drink drivers, and the use of drugs by drivers are all discussed. The impact of counter measures is studied and possible new counter measures are suggested.
A Survey of Abstinence from Alcohol Amongst Teenagers: An Analysis of Reasons for not Drinking*
Authors: Johnson S. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: This is a preliminary study into the reasons adolescents give for not drinking alcohol. This survey of religious and other reasons was conducted among 571 adolescents who identified themselves as being non‐drinkers from a sample of 2077 school students in Years 7 to 11 from 29 New South Wales schools. The survey was conducted by the NSW Drug and Alcohol Authority in connection with its regular monitoring programme which has been underway since 1971. Government, Catholic and other independent schools were used in the study.This report outlines the percentage of each reason for abstinence given by early, middle and late adolescents and concludes with a discussion of the ordering of reasons for abstinence. Methods of discovering the effect of religious and other variables in promoting drinking, as well as preventing drinking behaviour, are suggested.
An Evaluation of an Educational Programme for Multiple Drink‐Driver Offenders
Authors: Foon Anne E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe criminal records of individuals who were eligible to attend a drink‐driver treatment programme were obtained for the period beginning 1978 and ending 1983. The programme was educational in focus and aimed at changing attitudes toward drinking and driving, rather than altering the actual drinking behaviour of participants. Of those eligible to attend (N = 381), 62% completed the course while 38% did not attend any sessions at all or failed to complete the programme. An examination was undertaken to examine differences between those completing the course and those not completing the course for pre‐ and post‐test measures. Significant differences were not obtained for any pre‐test measures, while differences were obtained between groups on the total number of crimes after treatment and the number of traffic‐related violations at post‐test, but not for any other outcome measure. Attendance at the course was not found to be related to subsequent decreases in drink‐driving offences. A possible explanation of this result is that the focus of educational treatments are too broad to achieve specific behaviour change for multiple drink‐driver offenders. It is accepted that the lack of a control or comparison treatment group, and the simple dependent measures employed, were important in limiting the utility of the findings presented. Some suggestions for overcoming these, and other related methodological problems in drink‐driving research, are given.
Mitochondrial ubiquinol‐cytochrome C reductase and cytochrome C oxidase: Chemotherapeutic targets in malarial parasites
Authors: Krungkrai Jerapan , Krungkrai Sudaratana R. , Suraveratum Nongluk , Prapunwattana Phisit 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn order to demonstrate that the mitochondrial electron transport system may be a target for antimalarial drug design in the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum, ubiquinol‐cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase were purified from mitochondria of the parasite cultivated in vitro. It was found that the catalytic efficiency of the two enzymes from the malarial parasite were markedly lower than those from mouse liver mitochondria. The classical inhibitors affecting different quinone binding sites of the mammalian reductase, antimycin and myxothiazole, which had little antimalarial activities on P.falciparum growth in vitro, were found to exhibit little inhibitory effect against the parasite reductase. The malarial parasite reductase was more sensitive to inhibition by the antimalarial drug, 2‐[trans‐4‐(4′‐chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl]‐3‐hydroxy‐l,4‐naphthoquinone, than the mammalian enzyme, suggesting both the therapeutic potential of the target and the drug.
Effects of piperine on the lipid composition and enzymes of the pyruvate‐malate cycle in the testis of the rat in vivo
Authors: Malini T. , Arunakaran J. , Aruldhas M. M. , Govindarajulu P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEffects of piperine at two oral doses (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight for 30 days) on the lipid composition and some lipogenic enzymes of the rat testis were studied. Piperine treatment depleted the total lipid content which was mainly due to the diminution of the total phospholipid concentration. All the classes of phospholipids were decreased markedly following high dose piperine treatment. In contrast, a marked increase in total cholesterol and cholesterol ester was evident with a concomitant fall in free cholesterol. A similar trend was found for the total glyceride glycerol and its fractions. Total glyceride glycerol and triacyl glycerol showed a significant increase at the expense of diacyl glcyerol in rats treated with the high dose of pipeline. Lipogenic enzymes, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), malic enzyme (ME) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) were inhibited by the high dose and only MDH and ME activities were inhibited by the low dose treatment.
Effect of dose‐rate and dose fractionation on radiation‐induced hemolysis of human erythrocytes
Authors: Koziczak R. , Krokosz A. , Szweda‐Lewandowska Z. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHuman erythrocytes suspended in an isotonic Na‐phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 (hematocrit 2 %) were exposed under air to gamma radiation at a dose rates of 2.2 kGy·h‐1 and 4.2 kGy·h‐1. The dose‐response curves for hemolysis of erythrocytes indicated that the process of hemolysis is inversely related to the dose‐rate. At both dose‐rates we observed a reduced level of hemolysis, when erythrocytes were irradiated with a split dose (0.4 kGy+2.3 kGy with an interval time between the subsequent exposures from 1 to 4 h) in comparison with the same single dose (2.7 kGy). The maximal effect of fractionation was observed when the interfraction time was equal to 3.5 h. The influence of the interfraction temperature on this effect was observed. The results obtained indicate that enucleated human erythrocytes under suitable radiation conditions are capable of repairing radiation damage which leads to hemolysis.
The ‘civic religion’ of the Resistance in post-war Italy
Authors: Gundle Stephen 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe problem of the legitimacy or otherwise of the Resistance tradition in post-war Italy has been addressed in recent years mainly in terms of the role of the partisan struggle and its political legacy. This article aims to assess the tradition in terms of commemorative practices, rituals, artistic representations and monuments. It seeks to evaluate whether the Resistance gave rise to a civic religion that may be compared to those which existed in the Liberal period, based on the heroic struggles and figures of the Risorgimento, and the Fascist period, which drew on the feelings of loss and injustice that followed the First World War. It is argued that, although the Resistance lacked, prior to the 1960s, a high degree of official sponsorship, it did acquire some of the features of a civic religion. Its appeal was mainly limited to the regions administered by the Left which had seen a significant degree of Resistance activity in 1943-5. Even here, however, it was difficult to sustain the tradition as a key feature of community life during and after the economic boom: the eclipse of public culture, the decline of public mourning and the development of commercial leisure and mass culture all served to deprive it of meaning. Although intellectuals, politicians and ex-partisans reacted to this situation, the visual and rhetorical languages associated with the commemoration of the Resistance became increasingly divorced from everyday life and dominant social values.
Allosteric Properties of Cyanobacterial Cytochrome c Oxidase: Inhibition of the Coupled Enzyme by ATP and Stimulation by ADP
Authors: Alge Daniel , Wastyn Marnik , Mayer Christian , Jungwirth Christian , Zimmermann Ulrike , Zoder Roland , Fromwald Susanne , Peschek Gunter A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThorough analysis of the cta operon of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (grown in high‐concentration salt medium to enhance the expression of respiratory proteins) showed that, apart from ctaCDE and Fb genes potentially encoding subunits I, II, III, and a small pseudo‐bacteria‐like subunit‐IV of unknown function, a large mitochondria‐like cta‐Fm gene and a pronounced terminator structure are additional components of the operon. The deduced cta Fm gene product shows 50% and 20% sequence identity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and beef heart mitochondrial COIV proteins, respectively. It also shows amino acid regions (near the N terminus, on the cytosolic side) with conspicuous sequence similarities to adenylate‐binding proteins such as ATP synthase beta subunit Walker A and B consensus regions or to adenylate kinase. We suggest that, similar to the situation with beef heart mitochondria, it is the mitochondria‐like subunit‐IV of the cyanobacterial aa3‐type cytochrome‐c oxidase that confers allosteric properties to the cyanobacterial enzyme, the H+/e‐ ratios of cytochrome c oxidation being significantly lowered by ATP (intravesicular or intraliposomal) but enhanced by ADP. Therefore, the antagonistic action of ATP and ADP was in a way that the redox reaction proper, was always significantly less affected than the coupled proton translocation. Evolutionary and ecological implications of the unusualallosteric regulation ofa prokaryotic cytochrome‐c oxidase is discussed.
The politics of equality: professionals, states and activists
Authors: Hunter Shona , Swan Elaine 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThe paper draws out the key conceptual, methodological and substantive issues raised in the papers around the politics of equalities.Design/methodology/approachRather than reviewing and summarising each paper in turn this introductory article synthesises the key themes from papers to develop an overview of the key issues raised in the edited collection.FindingsThe papers trouble traditional dichotomies in equalities studies, suggesting complex and fluid relationships between states, activists and professionals. They also identify some key elements of current equalities work such as equalities framing, diversity interpretation and the negotiation of ambiguity produced through the seesaw of hope/failure characterising this work.Research limitations/implicationsThe collection highlights the continuing dearth of work around certain equalities strands, in particular, around sexualities and generation. It also suggests avenues for further work developing postcolonial analysis of equalities work in organisations.Originality/valueThe collection is unique in that it draws together current work crossing diverse national and sectoral contexts and from a range of equalities strands.