bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A drained nutrient‐poor peatland forest in boreal Sweden constitutes a net carbon sink after integrating terrestrial and aquatic fluxes
Authors: Tong Cheuk Hei Marcus , Noumonvi Koffi Dodji , Ratcliffe Joshua , Laudon Hjalmar , Järveoja Järvi , Drott Andreas , Nilsson Mats B. , Peichl Matthias 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNorthern peatlands provide a globally important carbon (C) store. Since the beginning of the 20th century, however, large areas of natural peatlands have been drained for biomass production across Fennoscandia. Today, drained peatland forests constitute a common feature of the managed boreal landscape, yet their ecosystem C balance and associated climate impact are not well understood, particularly within the nutrient‐poor boreal region. In this study, we estimated the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) from a nutrient‐poor drained peatland forest and an adjacent natural mire in northern Sweden by integrating terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes with aquatic losses of dissolved organic C (DOC) and inorganic C based on eddy covariance and stream discharge measurements, respectively, over two hydrological years. Since the forest included a dense spruce‐birch area and a sparse pine area, we were able to further evaluate the effect of contrasting forest structure on the NECB and component fluxes. We found that the drained peatland forest was a net C sink with a 2‐year mean NECB of −115 ± 5 g C m−2 year−1 while the adjacent mire was close to C neutral with 14.6 ± 1.7 g C m−2 year−1. The NECB of the drained peatland forest was dominated by the net CO2 exchange (net ecosystem exchange [NEE]), whereas NEE and DOC export fluxes contributed equally to the mire NECB. We further found that the C sink strength in the sparse pine forest area (−153 ± 8 g C m−2 year−1) was about 1.5 times as high as in the dense spruce‐birch forest area (−95 ± 8 g C m−2 year−1) due to enhanced C uptake by ground vegetation and lower DOC export. Our study suggests that historically drained peatland forests in nutrient‐poor boreal regions may provide a significant net ecosystem C sink and associated climate benefits.
In situ NADES microwave‐mediated extraction of bioactive compounds from Beta vulgaris L. var. rubra waste
Authors: Caviglia Debora , Russo Eleonora , Preda Stefania , Robustelli della Cuna Francesco Saverio , Villa Carla 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe research focused on the recovery of bioactive compounds from beetroot waste (fresh stalks) using an innovative and microwave‐mediated (mw) procedure that could allow the simultaneous eutectic solvent preparation and matrix extraction (in situ mw NADES extraction), as a simplification of more conventional NADES (natural deep eutectic solvents) extractions. The main goal was to propose a fast and simple “one‐pot” extractive approach to obtain and screen non‐toxic, bioactive ready‐to‐use ingredients, potentially useful in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields, meanwhile converting beetroot residues, from worn‐out plant matrices to recycled sources with significant added values. With this purpose, several eutectic mixtures of natural food‐grade hydrogen bond donors (choline chloride or betaine) and hydrogen bond acceptors (fructose, urea, citric acid, and glycerol) were selected and investigated (in opportune ratios) under microwave activation, considering time, temperature, and solvent‐to‐matrix ratio as the influencing variables and the total phenols content recovery as the response. By the in situ NADES microwave method developed, the best results were obtained within 5 min at 70 °C with recoveries of around 0.5 mg of polyphenols for gram of fresh stalks, assessed by the Folin–Ciocalteu test. The suitability of the NADES‐based extractives, as radical scavenging agents, was evaluated using the DPPH assay, which highlighted their good antioxidant activity; moreover, monitoring the betacyanin content by means of UV–vis spectrophotometric analyses, it was evident that NADES provide a relevant stability to the new complexes (up to 3 months) compared to water (24 h). The new in situ process proposed could be also useful for preliminary screenings of different organic matrices, simplifying workup, streamlining the procedures, and reducing costs.
Nonresponse Bias Analysis in Longitudinal Studies: A Comparative Review with an Application to the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study
Authors: Si Yajuan , Little Roderick J.A. , Mo Ya , Sedransk Nell 
Published: March 2024

SummaryLongitudinal studies are subject to nonresponse when individuals fail to provide data for entire waves or particular questions of the survey. We compare approaches to nonresponse bias analysis (NRBA) in longitudinal studies and illustrate them on the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (ECLS‐K:2011). Wave nonresponse with attrition often yields a monotone missingness pattern, and the missingness mechanism can be missing at random (MAR) or missing not at random (MNAR). We discuss weighting, multiple imputation (MI), incomplete data modelling and Bayesian approaches to NRBA for monotone patterns. Weighting adjustments can be effective when the constructed weights are correlated with the survey outcome of interest. MI allows for variables with missing values to be included in the imputation model, yielding potentially less biased and more efficient estimates. We add offsets in the MAR results to provide sensitivity analyses to assess MNAR deviations. We conduct NRBA for descriptive summaries and analytic model estimates in the ECLS‐K:2011 application. The strength of evidence about our NRBA depends on the strength of the relationship between the fully observed variables and the key survey outcomes, so the key to a successful NRBA is to include strong predictors.
Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Immunocompromised Patients Infected With the BA.1 or BA.2 Omicron SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Richier Quentin , De Valence Benjamin , Chopin Dorothée , Gras Emmanuelle , Levi Laura I. , Abi Aad Yasmine , Pacanowski Jérôme , Meynard Jean‐Luc , Plaçais Léo , Fey Dorothée , Couture Priscille , Martin‐Blondel Guillaume , Pestre Vincent , Woessner Juliette , Ancellin Sophie , Weyrich Pierre , Carpentier Benjamin , Idri Salim , Tiberghien Pierre , Surgers Laure , Hueso Thomas , Lacombe Karine 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThe emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant has led to a complete reconfiguration of the therapeutic landscape, with all monoclonal antibodies having lost any neutralization activity. We report here a case series of 75 immunocompromised patients infected by the Omicron variant who benefited from COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP). At Day 28, the overall survival was 76% (95% CI 67–86) with no significant difference in the clinical outcome between patients with hematological malignancies, solid organ transplantation or autoimmune diseases. No safety concern was reported during the course of the study. These results showed that CCP is well tolerated and represents a treatment option for immunocompromised patients who remain highly impacted by the COVID19 epidemic.
Mung bean flour‐added extruded snack production: Evaluation of the pasting properties of flour blends and the physicochemical, morphological, and functional properties of the product
Authors: Bozdogan Neslihan , Yaprak Aylin , Tavman Sebnem , Kumcuoglu Seher 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of partially substituting corn semolina (CS) with mung bean flour (MBF) (20%–60%) as well as feed moisture (FM) (16%–20%) and extruder barrel temperature (BT) (140°C–170°C) on the physicochemical, functional, sensorial, and morphological properties of extruded snacks. Additionally, the pasting properties of MBF, CS, and the blends employed in the formulations were studied. The addition of 40% MBF to the formulations resulted in a decrease in the peak viscosity, while the addition of 60% MBF increased it. The final viscosity and setback viscosity exhibited a decrease, while the breakdown viscosity showed an increase with the addition of MBF. The degree of crystallinity, expansion ratio, apparent density, hardness, crispiness, water solubility index, and morphology of the extrudates were strongly dependent on the MBF content, FM, and BT. The expansion ratio and crispiness of the extruded products decreased with increasing MBF content, BT, and FM. The increase in BT and decrease in FM reduced the degree of crystallinity of the extrudates. Analysis of the microstructure revealed that the addition of MBF increased the thickness of the extrudate cell walls and reduced the size of air cells. The size and expansion of the air cells also decreased with increasing FM. Based on our study, the optimal conditions for the MBF‐containing snacks were determined as 143°C BT, 16% FM, and 40% MBF. Notably, the MBF‐containing snacks exhibit lower starch digestibility compared to the MBF‐free sample; the latter exhibited a higher degree of anisotropy, indicating a higher‐organized structure.Practical applicationThe use of mung bean flour (MBF) as a substitution for corn semolina and the effects of feed moisture (FM) and barrel temperature (BT) in extruded snack production were studied. The results showed that MBF is a promising ingredient for enhancing the functionality and nutritional value of extruded snacks. The expansion ratio, apparent density, hardness, crispiness, water solubility index, crystallinity, and morphology of the extrudates were significantly dependent on MBF amount, FM, and BT. The expansion ratio and crispness of the snacks decreased with the increase in the MBF amount, BT, and FM. The addition of MBF to the formulation was appreciated by the panelists. The MBF enhances the quality characteristics of the snacks and decreases starch digestibility. The findings of this study provide a reference for the impacts of extrusion parameters on the production of high‐protein content snacks.
Stacking ensemble learning for gas sensor‐based detection of salmon freshness and shelf life
Authors: Liang Buwen , Li Xinxing , Yang Mingsong , Zhang Ziyi , Ren Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSalmon, celebrated for its nutrition and flavor, suffers rapid degradation in freshness due to prolonged transportation and storage, offering a haven for microorganisms. Addressing the escalating need for safe, fresh fish consumption, we probed conventional chemical and physical indicators like total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), pH, texture profile analysis (TPA), and chromaticity across varying temperature intervals, linking these with gas sensors to identify sensitive sensor arrays. Importantly, an ensemble learning strategy for gas sensors, synthesizing the benefits of Linear, SVR, MLP, KNN, Gaussian Process, and decision tree algorithms, was employed for prompt and precise detection of salmon freshness and shelf‐life. Notably, the results demonstrated that gas sensors exhibited strong correlations, surpassing .8 for TVB‐N and .5 for shelf life, underscoring their aptitude for detecting salmon spoilage gas. Additionally, ensemble learning outperformed singular machine learning algorithms, with stacking emerging preeminent, achieving R2 values of .851 and .871, and MSEs of .120 and 1.573, for TVB‐N and shelf‐life detection, respectively. In summation, this study introduces an avant‐garde mechanism that amplifies the detection efficacy of gas sensors for salmon freshness, marrying them with stacking ensemble learning paradigms for cost‐effective and efficient determinations. In conclusion, we devised a novel method to augment the detection efficacy of gas sensors for salmon freshness. By integrating these sensors with stacking ensemble learning algorithms, we achieved a data‐driven, cost‐effective, and efficient approach, fulfilling the requirements of salmon freshness detection.Practical applicationsMost existing gas sensors gas sensors predominantly employ singular machine learning methodologies, often limiting them to a sole freshness evaluation metric during assessments. This study introduces a pioneering approach using a stacking ensemble learning‐based gas sensor capable of concurrently assessing both TVB‐N and the shelf life of salmon. By discerning the correlations between freshness indices and gas sensor readings to pinpoint sensitive sensor arrays, we harnessed ensemble learning. This integrates the strengths of linear, SVR, MLP, KNN, Gaussian process, and decision tree models to enhance detection of freshness indicators. Notably, this advancement amplifies the sensor's efficacy in salmon detection solely through model optimization, bypassing the need to reconsider sensor materials and signal transmission pathways. Collectively, our findings present a cost‐effective and optimized strategy to elevate the performance of gas sensors in detecting salmon freshness.
Optimization of minimal thermal treatment conditions for sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) juice using ultrasound‐ohmic combination treatment
Authors: Alifakı Yaşar Özlem , Barut Gök Sıla 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to optimize minimal thermal treatment conditions for sour cherry juice using response surface methodology. The effects of ultrasound power (UP; 54, 35, 14 W), ultrasound time (UT; 8, 5, 3 min), ohmic electrical field strength (OE; 40, 30, 20 V/cm) and ohmic time (OT; 8, 5, 3 min) on total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA), color values (L*, a*, b*, ), total monomeric anthocyanin content (TMAC), polymeric color (PC), color density (CD), polymeric color ratio (PC%), total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) and yeast‐mold count (YM) were investigated. UP significantly affected TPC, L*, a*, b*, and , while OE affected TPC, TMAC, PC, PC%, and TYC. UT affected TPC, L*, AA, CD, PC and PC%, and OT level affected TPC and b* values. The optimum points were determined by considering maximum TPC as 28.7564, maximum AA as 6.7714, maximum TMAC as 4.9616, maximum L* as 21.3839, maximum a* as 5.5396, maximum b* as 3.4260, maximum color density as 27.1412, minimum polymeric color as 17.3148, minimum PC% as 4.9253, minimum TYC as 1.9251 and minimum TMBC as 2.3301. The optimum levels were found to be 54 W, 8 min, 27.06 V/cm and 8 min. Improvements in TPC, TMAC and AA were determined after ultrasound‐ohmic combination thermal treatment. Although ohmic (OH) has the effect of maintaining juice quality, its effectiveness is impacted by the electrochemical properties of food. By using ultrasound, the electrical conductivity values of juices were increased; thus, ultrasound improved the electrochemical properties of sour cherry juice. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of ultrasound‐ohmic combination for juice processing on a large scale.
Two case studies of persistent white hair regrowth after alopecia areata turning pigmented following treatment
Authors: Tian Ziyuan , Liu Qingwu , Wang Ying , Yang Dingquan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a strong correlation between alopecia areata (AA) and the development of white hair. The AA presents itself in many clinical manifestations of depigmented hair as the condition advances. It is uncommon for unpigmented hair to extensively regrow for more than one hair growth cycle in AA and successful conversion to pigmented hair after treatment has not yet been reported.AimWe report two case studies involving the persistent regrowth of white hair after AA that became pigmented through treatment.PatientsIn the first case study, a 47‐year‐old woman with AA exhibited a fully regrown head of hair, which remained unpigmented. However, after 2 years of treatment with oral methylprednisolone and compound glycopyrrolate, her hair eventually regained its normal pigmentation. In the second case study, a 7‐year‐old boy with diffuse AA received compound glycyrrhizin (50 mg once daily) and methylprednisolone (4 mg orally once daily) for 3 years.ResultsThe both patients experienced regrowth of black hair on his entire head, with occasional white hairs. It is hypothesized that the aforementioned medications may regulate immunity by influencing melanocytes or melanin‐associated antigens; however, the precise mechanism must be validated through additional histopathological and molecular analysis.ConclusionA larger patient group, possibly in randomized controlled trials, is needed to determine how the indicated treatment affects hair repigmentation after AA. Therefore, more patients must be included for more substantial outcomes from this study.
Chin reinforcement using the hyaluronic acid injectable filler VYC‐20L and VYC‐25L
Authors: Mohammed Ghada Farouk , Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed Saleh , Bahaj Saleh Salem 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe chin is an essential element of the facial unit and influences how people perceive facial aesthetic appeal. Hyaluronic acid (HA) gel injections are tried‐and‐true therapies for regenerative therapies with a record of success in efficacy and safety.AimsTo determine the best type of concentration of HA and way of injection for deep and superficial planes of chin.Materials and MethodsVYC‐20L and VYC‐25L (Juvederm Voluma XC® Juvéderm Volux®; Allergan plc) are 20‐ and 25‐mg/mL HA gels with lidocaine, respectively, were injected with cannulas and needles on the bone, respectively.ResultsChin reinforced respecting the measures with good contouring. No serious complications. Patient was satisfied with results.DiscussionWe advise using VYC 20L superficially above the muscle or with a cannula for injection, and we recommend using VYC 25L in the supraperiosteal plane.
Unveiling the mechanism of high sugar diet induced advanced glycosylation end products damage skin structure via extracellular matrix–receptor interaction pathway
Authors: Li Wan‐Zhao , Liu Xiao‐Xing , Shi Yu‐Jing , Wang Xiao‐Rui , Li Li , Tai Mei‐Ling , Yi Fan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAGEs accumulate in the skin as a result of a high‐sugar diet and play an important role in the skin aging process.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to characterize the mechanism underlying the effect of a high‐sugar diet on skin aging damage at a holistic level.MethodsWe established a high‐sugar diet mouse model to compare and analyze differences in physiological indexes. The effect of a high‐sugar diet on skin aging damage was analyzed by means of a transcriptome study and staining of pathological sections. Furthermore, the differences in the protein expression of AGEs and ECM components between the HSD and control groups were further verified by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe skin in the HSD group mice tended toward a red, yellow, dark, and deep color. In addition, the epidermis was irregular with anomalous phenomena, the epidermis was thinned, and the dermis lost its normal structure and showed vacuolated changes. Transcriptomics results revealed significant downregulation of the ECM–receptor interaction pathway, significant upregulation of the expression of AGEs and significant downregulation of the expression levels of COLI, FN1, LM5, and TNC, among others ECM proteins and ECM receptors.ConclusionsHigh‐sugar diets cause skin aging damage by inducing the accumulation of AGEs, disrupting the expression of ECM proteins and their receptors, and downregulating the ECM–receptor interaction pathway, which affects cellular behavioral functions such as cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion, as well as normal skin tissue structure.
Brain connectivity in status epilepticus as a predictor of outcome: A diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Lee Dong Ah , Lee Ho‐Joon , Park Kang Min 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeWe aimed to explore structural connectivity in status epilepticus.MethodsWe enrolled participants who underwent diffusion tensor imaging. We applied graph theory to investigate structural connectivity. We compared the structural connectivity measures between patients and healthy controls and between patients with poor (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] >3) and good (mRS ≤3) admission outcomes.ResultsWe enrolled 28 patients and 31 healthy controls (age 65.5 vs.62.0 years, p = .438). Of these patients, 16 and 12 showed poor and good admission outcome (age 65.5 vs.62.0 years, p = .438). The assortative coefficient (−0.113 vs. −0.121, p = .021), mean clustering coefficient (0.007 vs.0.006, p = .009), global efficiency (0.023 vs.0.020, p = .009), transitivity (0.007 vs.0.006, p = .009), and small‐worldness index (0.006 vs.0.005, p = .021) were higher in patients with status epilepticus than in healthy controls. The assortative coefficient (−0.108 vs. −0.119, p = .042), mean clustering coefficient (0.007 vs.0.006, p = .042), and transitivity (0.008 vs.0.007, p = .042) were higher in patients with poor admission outcome than in those with good admission outcome. MRS score was positively correlated with structural connectivity measures, including the assortative coefficient (r = 0.615, p = .003), mean clustering coefficient (r = 0.544, p = .005), global efficiency (r = 0.515, p = .007), transitivity (r = 0.547, p = .007), and small‐worldness index (r = 0.435, p = .024).ConclusionWe revealed alterations in structural connectivity, showing increased integration and segregation in status epilepticus, which might be related with neuronal synchronization. This effect was more pronounced in patients with a poor admission outcome, potentially reshaping our understanding for comprehension of status epilepticus mechanisms and the development of more targeted treatments.
Effects of aging on attachment of Candida albicans to conventional heat‐polymerized, CAD‐CAM milled, and CAD‐CAM 3D‐printed acrylic resin bases
Authors: Jung Gabrielle K. , Mora Stephanie N. , Yune Stephen S. , Petrich Anton , Hernandez‐Feldpausch Marina , Hamlin Christopher M. , Tuamokumo Francois O. , Kim Jeffrey J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to assess Candida albicans attachment on conventionally fabricated (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA), CAD‐CAM milled, and 3D‐printed acrylic resin bases pre‐ and post‐simulated thermal aging, along with examining material surface changes after aging.Materials and MethodsForty‐six samples (10 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm) for each of four material groups (conventional heat‐polymerized PMMA, CAD‐CAM milled acrylic resin base, CAD‐CAM 3D‐printed methacrylate resin base, CAD‐CAM 3D‐printed urethane methacrylate resin base) were subjected to 0, 1, or 2 years of simulated thermal aging. Microscopic images were taken before and after aging, and C. albicans attachment was quantified using cell proliferation assay (XTT). Statistical analysis employed analysis of variance (α = 0.05).ResultsTwo‐way factorial analysis showed no significant differences based on acrylic resin type or thermal aging (p = 0.344 and p = 0.091 respectively). However, C. albicans attachment significantly differed between 0‐ and 2‐year thermally aged groups (p = 0.004), mainly due to elevated initial attachments on CAD‐CAM milled acrylic resin base and CAD‐CAM 3D‐printed urethane methacrylate resin base.ConclusionsRegardless of the fabrication technique and material combination, no significant differences were found in C. albicans adhesion pre‐ or post‐ thermal aging. Milled and 3D‐printed bases compared favorably with heat‐ polymerized PMMA in their affinity for C. albicans attachment and surface characteristics after aging. These findings indicate that the risk of patients developing denture stomatitis might not be linked to the type of acrylic resin or fabrication method used.