bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ cell-scale probing nucleation, growth and evolution of CsPbBr3 nanowires by optical absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Bai Yan , Wu Heqian , Wang Dengke , Liu Mei , Lu Zheng-Hong , Ding Huaiyi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The growth kinetics of colloidal lead halide perovskite nanomaterials are an integral part of their applications, remains poorly understood due to complex nucleation processes and lack of in situ size monitoring method. Here we demonstrated that absorption spectra can be used to observe in situ growth processes of ultrathin CsPbBr3 nanowires in solution with reference to the effective mass infinite deep square potential well model. By means of this method, we have found that the ultrathin nanowires, fabricated by hot injection method, were firstly formed within one minute. Subsequently, they merge with each other into a thicker structure with increasing reaction time. We revealed that the nucleation, growth, and merging of the CsPbBr3 nanowires are determined by the acid concentration and ligand chain length. At lower acidity, the critical nucleation size of the nanowire is smaller, while the shorter the ligand chain length, the faster the merging among the nanowires. Moreover, the merging mode between nanowires changed with their nucleation size. This growth kinetics of CsPbBr3 nanowires provides a reference for optimizing the synthesis conditions to obtain the one-dimensional CsPbBr3 with desired size, thus enabling accurate control of the nanowire shape.
Optimizing the performance of silica nanoparticles functionalized with a near-infrared fluorescent dye for bioimaging applications
Authors: Ehrhorn Evie G , Lovell Paul , Svechkarev Denis , Romanova Svetlana , Mohs Aaron M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Modified fluorescent nanoparticles continue to emerge as promising candidates for drug delivery, bioimaging, and labeling tools for various biomedical applications. The ability of nanomaterials to fluorescently label cells allow for the enhanced detection and understanding of diseases. Silica nanoparticles have a variety of unique properties that can be harnessed for many different applications, causing their increased popularity. In combination with an organic dye, fluorescent nanoparticles demonstrate a vast range of advantageous properties including long photostability, surface modification, and signal amplification, thus allowing ease of manipulation to best suit bioimaging purposes. In this study, the Stöber method with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and a fluorescent dye sulfo-Cy5-amine was used to synthesize fluorescent silica nanoparticles. The fluorescence spectra, zeta potential, quantum yield, cytotoxicity, and photostability were evaluated. The increased intracellular uptake and photostability of the dye-silica nanoparticles show their potential for bioimaging.
Investigation of electronic, ferroelectric and local electrical conduction behavior of RF sputtered BiFeO3 thin films
Authors: Hussain Shahzad , Awan Saif Ullah , Mumtaz Arif , Siddique Resham , Aftab Muhammad , Hasanain S K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Most of the applied research on BiFeO3 (BFO) focuses on magnetoelectric and spintronic applications. This calls for a detailed grasp of multiferroic and conduction properties. BFO thin films with (100) epitaxial growth has been deposited on a LaNiO3 (LNO) buffered Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrate using RF magnetron sputtering. The film formed at 15 mTorr, 570 °C, and with Ar/O2 4:1 had a reasonably high degree of (100)-preferential orientation, the least surface roughness, and a densely packed structure. We obtained ferroelectric loops with strong polarization (150 μC cm−2). The leakage current density is as low as 10–2 A cm−2 at 100 kV cm−1, implying that space-charge-limited bulk conduction (SCLC) was the primary conduction channel for carriers within BFO films. Local electrical conduction behavior demonstrates that at lower voltages, the grain boundary dominates electrical conduction and is linked to the displacement of oxygen vacancies in the grain boundary under external electric fields. We hope that a deeper understanding of the conduction mechanism will help integrate BFO into viable technologies.
The respective and dependent effects of scattering and bone matrix absorption on ultrasound attenuation in cortical bone
Authors: McCandless Brett Austin , Raum Kay , Muller Marie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cortical bone is characterized by a dense solid matrix permeated by fluid-filled pores. Ultrasound scattering has potential for the non-invasive evaluation of changes in bone porosity. However, there is an incomplete understanding of the impact of ultrasonic absorption in the solid matrix on ultrasound scattering. In this study, maps were derived from scanning acoustic microscopy images of human femur cross-sections. Finite-difference time domain ultrasound scatter simulations were conducted on these maps. Pore density, diameter distribution of the pores, and nominal absorption values in the solid and fluid matrices were controlled. Ultrasound pulses with a central frequency of 8.2 MHz were propagated, both in through-transmission and backscattering configurations. From these data, the scattering, bone matrix absorption, and attenuation extinction lengths were calculated. The results demonstrated that as absorption in the solid matrix was varied, the scattering, absorption, and attenuation extinction lengths were significantly impacted. It was shown that for lower values of absorption in the solid matrix (less than 2 dB mm−1), attenuation due to scattering dominates, whereas at higher values of absorption (more than 2 dB mm−1), attenuation due to absorption dominates. This will impact how ultrasound attenuation and scattering parameters can be used to extract quantitative information on bone microstructure.
Phase contrast micro-CT with adjustable in-slice spatial resolution at constant magnification
Authors: Zekavat Amir Reza , Lioliou Grammatiki , Roche i Morgó Oriol , Maughan Jones Charlotte , Galea Gabriel , Maniou Eirini , Doherty Adam , Endrizzi Marco , Astolfo Alberto , Olivo Alessandro , Hagen Charlotte 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. To report on a micro computed tomography (micro-CT) system capable of x-ray phase contrast imaging and of increasing spatial resolution at constant magnification. Approach. The micro-CT system implements the edge illumination (EI) method, which relies on two absorbing masks with periodically spaced transmitting apertures in the beam path; these split the beam into an array of beamlets and provide sensitivity to the beamlets’ directionality, i.e. refraction. In EI, spatial resolution depends on the width of the beamlets rather than on the source/detector point spread function (PSF), meaning that resolution can be increased by decreasing the mask apertures, without changing the source/detector PSF or the magnification. Main results. We have designed a dedicated mask featuring multiple bands with differently sized apertures and used this to demonstrate that resolution is a tuneable parameter in our system, by showing that increasingly small apertures deliver increasingly detailed images. Phase contrast images of a bar pattern-based resolution phantom and a biological sample (a mouse embryo) were obtained at multiple resolutions. Significance. The new micro-CT system could find application in areas where phase contrast is already known to provide superior image quality, while the added tuneable resolution functionality could enable more sophisticated analyses in these applications, e.g. by scanning samples at multiple scales.
Effect of traps on carrier transport in CdSe quantum dot thin films
Authors: Zheng Fuzhong , Li Zhonghao , Huang Bo , Zhu Hongbing , Wu Ying 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The influence of trap effects on carrier transport characteristics in quantum dot (QD) thin films is the subject of study, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the structural design and performance improvement of QD thin film optoelectronic devices. This study presents a specific mathematical description of capturing and releasing charges by traps, which includes the time-varying equation for captured charges. Utilizing the carrier hopping transport model, a system of partial differential equations is employed as the physical field, establishing hopping transport models that account for both shallow traps and a combination of shallow and deep traps. Simulations based on specific experimental samples reveal that the presence of traps introduces asymmetry in the diffusion motion of charge carriers, extending the duration of the photocurrent signal and resulting in the capture of charges, along with a reduction in the peak value of the current signal. The model also simulates carrier transport characteristics under the influence of repetitive light pulses, demonstrating distinct patterns in capturing and releasing charges for both shallow and deep traps.
Discriminatory resonance energy transfer mediated by a chiral environment
Authors: Franz Janine C , Yoshi Buhmann Stefan , Salam A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, we delve into the crucial influence of and enhancement by chiral environments on the discriminatory capabilities of resonance energy transfer. Firstly, we scrutinize the impact of a macroscopic chiral medium enveloping the interacting molecules; secondly, we probe the effect of a chiral mediating molecule in close proximity to the system. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that chiral environments not only modulate pre-existing discriminatory effects but also introduce novel mechanisms for discrimination. Central to our research is the application of an innovative model for chiral local-field corrections, which unveils a remarkable distance-dependent inversion of the discrimination dynamics. Our study extends beyond the confines of any specific molecular system, offering a comprehensive discussion of these diverse effects, thereby providing insights with broader implications. Finally, we present a comparative analysis across all studied systems, illustrating our insights by employing 3-methyl-cyclopentanone as an example molecule.
Impact resistance analysis of a dual-constituent negative Poisson’s ratio lattice metamaterial with tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion
Authors: Dong Yanzhang , Li Qingfeng , Cui Feidie , Bai Liang , Xu Weikai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The combination of parameters such as negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) and negative coefficient of thermal expansion (NCTE) can result in novel materials with specialized functions to meet the requirements of multifunctional and multipurpose devices. However, the additional structural design to meet NCTE requires a re-examination of its impact resistance. In this paper, the deformation modes and impact resistance of dual-constituent re-entrant hexagonal lattice metamaterial (DRHLM) with both NPR and NCTE are investigated under different impact velocities, and the nominal stress–strain curves and energy absorption characteristics of DRHLM structures with different arch heights, chord lengths, and angles of the bottom edge ribs and the diagonal ribs are discussed. The results show that the bi-material bending ribs affect the energy absorption of the structure, and in most cases the DRHLM structure has a better energy absorption capacity than the traditional concave hexagonal structure, but too much or too little curvature of the bi-material portion reduces the energy absorption characteristics of the DRHLM structure. In addition, the increase in the pinch angle of the ribs leads to the weakening of the negative Poisson’s ratio effect, which is also detrimental to the energy absorption of the structure. The work done can provide guidance for finding the dimensional parameters of DRHLM structures with optimal energy absorption performance.
The guiding center role in defining the eigenstates of an electron in the fractional quantum Hall effect regime: ladder operators approach
Authors: Bentalha Z 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The quantum problem of a two-dimensional electron in a uniform perpendicular magnetic field is considered. Using the formalism of ladder operators, the electron eigenfunctions are derived for all quantum numbers n and m, where n denotes the Landau level and m the eigenvalue of the angular momentum L

z
, with m taking all possible eigenvalues. We note that existing one-electron orbitals, in most of the known literature on the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE), correspond to a restricted range of possible eigenvalues m, some are missing. Similarly detailed calculations using ladder operator techniques show that for a state ∣n, m〉, the quantum number (n − m) represents a precise physical quantity, that is the distance from the origin to the center of the electron orbit. This finding allowed us to obtain, for this known quantum problem, a new set of basis states for which both quantum numbers have a physical meaning namely n and (n − m).
Dynamic PB metasurface for transmissive and reflective wavefront manipulation
Authors: Wang Yihan , Li Chunhui , Niu Junhao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Based on the phase transition characteristics of vanadium dioxide (changes in conductivity with temperature), we designed a dynamic metasurface for wavefront manipulation that can switch between transmission and reflection modes at the same frequency. When vanadium dioxide is in the metallic state, the metasurface operates in reflection mode, while it is in the insulating state, it works in transmission mode. The phase distributions of the two operating modes are different and can be easily adjusted by rotating the inner and outer rings. At the frequency of 1.3 THz, we designed a metasurface that can switch between anomalous reflection and refraction with different deflection angles. Additionally, we created a switchable metalens that provides different focal lengths in reflection and transmission modes. The tunable metasurface can provide innovative design possibilities for dynamical wavefront manipulation.
Amplifying the nonlinear optical response of sunflower-like C16S8 through superhalogen doping
Authors: Kosar Naveen , Ashraf Tayyba , Imran Muhammad , Mahmood Tariq 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Superhalogens, known for their higher electron affinity compared to halogens, exhibit a unique ability to accept electrons from any electron donor specie. Leveraging this property, the doping of superhalogens onto electron-rich surfaces has emerged as a potent approach to augment nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Herein, we investigated the doping of beryllium trifluoride (BeF3), calcium trifluoride (CaF3) and magnesium trifluoride (MgF3) superhalogens on thia[8]circulene (C16S8) sunflower through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, to observe the improvement in the NLO response of resultant complexes. The study explores the thermal stability of complexes through interaction energy analysis, revealing robust structural properties. Conducting properties of the resultant complexes are examined via frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) analysis, demonstrating notable changes. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and Fukui function analyses gave an idea about the reactivity of the pure C16S8 and superhalogen doped C16S8 complexes. To quantify the NLO response, we assessed the first hyperpolarizability (β
o) via comprehensive analysis. Remarkably, the MgF3@C16S8 complex reflects the highest hyperpolarizability value (1.85 × 104 au), signifying its exceptional NLO enhancement potential. Ultra-violet visible (UV–vis) analysis illustrated the increase in the wavelengths (red shift) of C16S8 complexes after doping of superhalogen. To elucidate the underlying factors contributing to the improved NLO response, a rationalization is provided through a two-level model.
Dynamics of multicavity hyperchaotic maps with rotational control operation and its applications
Authors: Zhu Wanting , Sun Kehui , Li Binglun , Wang Huihai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To provide more complex and random chaotic maps to applications and algorithms, we propose a boundary coupled modulation (BCM) model. By introducing the rotation-matrix (ROT), the corresponding rotation boundary coupled modulation (RBCM) model are constructed, and a series of hyperchaotic maps are generated with various attractors and numerous fixed points. The shape and size of the multicavity can be adjusted by controlling the parameters. Interestingly, RBCM maps are controlled by changing rotation coefficients (Rot-C, d, e, and θ), which can rotate the attractor of the enhanced BCM at any angle and direction. RBCM maps produce a more uniform topological space, and have multiple pairs of symmetric coexisting attractors. The BCM and RBCM maps exhibit rich dynamical behaviors, high complexity, and strong randomness.To verify the engineering practicability, we apply the BCM and RBCM maps to design pseudo-random number generators (PRNG), and test it with NIST, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) system. Finally, the FPGA implementation of the proposed chaotic map verifies.
Quaternion form of the electromagnetic reciprocity theorem
Authors: Liu Guoqiang , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Jing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the general forms of quaternion electromagnetic field mutual energy-momentum equations (QEMF-MEME) and quaternion electromagnetic field energy-momentum reciprocal equations (QEMF-EMRE) in frequency domain are derived based on the quaternion-electromagnetic-field equations. It has been discovered that QEMF- EMRE is a reflection of the electromagnetic interaction between lagging and leading waves. The real and imaginary parts of scalar, the real and imaginary parts of vector of QEMF-EMRE correspond to the Feld-Tai reciprocity theorem, Lorentz reciprocity theorem, and the two sets of momentum reciprocity theorems, respectively. While, QEMF-MEME reflects the electromagnetic interaction of two sets of lagging waves, and its real scalar, imaginary scalar, real-vector, and imaginary-vector parts are the Feld-Tai reciprocal energy theorem, the reciprocal energy theorem, the two sets of reciprocal momentum theorem.
Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) Phase II Deployment and Commissioning
Authors: Berkhout Lindsay M. , Jacobs Daniel C. , Abdurashidova Zuhra , Adams Tyrone , Aguirre James E. , Alexander Paul , Ali Zaki S. , Baartman Rushelle , Balfour Yanga , Beardsley Adam P. , Bernardi Gianni , Billings Tashalee S. , Bowman Judd D. , Bradley Richard F. , Bull Philip , Burba Jacob , Byrne Ruby , Carey Steven , Carilli Chris L. , Chen Kai-Feng , Cheng Carina , Choudhuri Samir , DeBoer David R. , de Lera Acedo Eloy , Dexter Matt , Dillon Joshua S. , Dynes Scott , Eksteen Nico , Ely John , Ewall-Wice Aaron , Fagnoni Nicolas , Fritz Randall , Furlanetto Steven R. , Gale-Sides Kingsley , Garsden Hugh , Gehlot Bharat Kumar , Ghosh Abhik , Glendenning Brian , Gorce Adelie , Gorthi Deepthi , Greig Bradley , Grobbelaar Jasper , Halday Ziyaad , Hazelton Bryna J. , Hewitt Jacqueline N. , Hickish Jack , Huang Tian , Josaitis Alec , Julius Austin , Kariseb MacCalvin , Kern Nicholas S. , Kerrigan Joshua , Kim Honggeun , Kittiwisit Piyanat , Kohn Saul A. , Kolopanis Matthew , Lanman Adam , La Plante Paul , Liu Adrian , Loots Anita , Ma Yin-Zhe , Edward MacMahon David Harold , Malan Lourence , Malgas Cresshim , Malgas Keith , Marero Bradley , Martinot Zachary E. , Mesinger Andrei , Molewa Mathakane , Morales Miguel F. , Mosiane Tshegofalang , Murray Steven G. , Neben Abraham R. , Nikolic Bojan , Nunhokee Chuneeta Devi , Nuwegeld Hans , Parsons Aaron R. , Pascua Robert , Patra Nipanjana , Pieterse Samantha , Qin Yuxiang , Rath Eleanor , Razavi-Ghods Nima , Riley Daniel , Robnett James , Rosie Kathryn , Santos Mario G. , Sims Peter , Singh Saurabh , Storer Dara , Swarts Hilton , Tan Jianrong , Thyagarajan Nithyanandan , van Wyngaarden Pieter , Williams Peter K. G. , Zheng Haoxuan , Xu Zhilei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the design and deployment of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) phase II system. HERA is designed as a staged experiment targeting 21 cm emission measurements of the Epoch of Reionization. First results from the phase I array are published as of early 2022, and deployment of the phase II system is nearing completion. We describe the design of the phase II system and discuss progress on commissioning and future upgrades. As HERA is a designated Square Kilometre Array pathfinder instrument, we also show a number of “case studies” that investigate systematics seen while commissioning the phase II system, which may be of use in the design and operation of future arrays. Common pathologies are likely to manifest in similar ways across instruments, and many of these sources of contamination can be mitigated once the source is identified.
Can the late dark energy parameterization reconcile the Hubble tension?*
Authors: Zhang 张 Ming-Jian 明建 , Chen 陈 Li 丽 , Yang 杨 Maoyou 茂友 , Wang 王 Junmei 俊美 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, we constructed ten dark energy models to test whether they can reconcile the Hubble tension and how much it is affected by parameterization. To establish a fair test, the models are diverse, encompassing fractional, logarithmic, exponential, and inverse exponential forms as well as several non-parameterized models. The dataset we used includes the NPIPE pipeline of cosmic microwave background (CMB) power-spectrum data from Planck2020, Pantheon+ samples from Supernovae Type Ia, and baryon acoustic oscillations. The MCMC calculations imply dark energy transferring from

to

for the four parameterized dark energy models. However, these models cannot adequately reconcile the Hubble tension. Notably, we found that phantom-like dark energy with

can achieve the greatest reduction in the Hubble tension to

. However, AIC analysis indicates that this alleviation is at the cost of high AIC. We also investigated the effect of constructions on the derivative of the equation of state

, cosmic density parameter, CMB power spectrum

, and matter spectra

. We also found that the Hubble tension may be related to the reionization process.
A two-layer single shell magnetized target for lessening the Nernst effect
Authors: Chen Shijia , Wu Fuyuan , Zhang Hua , Zhou Cangtao , Ma Yanyun , Ramis Rafael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fuel magnetization significantly lowers the required radial convergence, enabling cylindrical implosions to become a promising approach for inertial confinement fusion. The Nernst effect on the two-layer single shell magnetized target design applied to a Z-pinch benefits from a gold layer that decreases fuel demagnetization and serves as a magnetothermal insulation layer, preventing magnetothermal losses. The resistive diffusion and Nernst advection of the magnetic field are considered in the radiation magnetohydrodynamic model, which alter the evolution of magnetic flux in the magnetized target and result in plasma demagnetization. The results demonstrate that targets with a wide range of parameters can achieve ignition conditions under a 30 MA driven current. A two-layer single shell magnetized target for lessening the Nernst effect has the potential to achieve ignition conditions. The fusion yield of the optimal target increases by 168% from 0.71 MJ to 1.90 MJ, compared to a one-layer single shell target.