bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ligand Effects on the Chemical Activity of Copper(I) Complexes: Outer‐ and Inner‐Sphere Oxidation of CuIL
Authors: Burg Ariela , Maimon Eric , Cohen Haim , Meyerstein Dan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of the ligands acetonitrile (AN), fumaric acid (H2fum) and 2,5,8,11‐tetramethyl‐2,5,8,11‐tetraazadodecane (L1) on the kinetics of oxidation of CuI complexes by [(cyclam)NiIII(SO4)2]– and [(NH3)5CoIIICl]2+ in aqueous solutions via an outer‐ and inner‐sphere mechanism, respectively, has been studied. The effects of the ligands on the electron self‐exchange rate constants have also been evaluated. All ligands studied stabilize CuI in aqueous solution but affect the redox potential of the CuII/IL couple differently. The ligands decrease the rate of the redox reactions and the electron self‐exchange rate constants. The results indicate that acetonitrile and alkenes should not be used as solvents for [CuIL]+‐catalyzed processes that involve redox steps. On the other hand, the results also suggest that [CuIL1]+ should be a good catalyst for such processes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Series of Lithium Rare Earth Polyphosphates [LiLn(PO3)4] (Ln = La, Eu, Gd) and Their Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties
Authors: Zhu Jing , Cheng Wen‐Dan , Wu Dong‐Sheng , Zhang Hao , Gong Ya‐Jing , Tong Hua‐Nan , Zhao Dan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe structural, optical, and electronic properties of a series of lithium rare earth polyphosphates [LiLn(PO3)4] [Ln = La (1), Eu (2), Gd (3)] have been investigated by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analyses, and spectroscopic measurements, as well as calculations of energy‐band structures, density of states, and optical response functions by density functional methods. These LiLn(PO3)4 systems are monoclinic with space group C2/c and Z = 4. Their unit‐cell parameters decrease as the ionic radius of Ln3+ decreases (La3+ > Eu3+ > Gd3+). Both (PO4)3– zig‐zag chains and infinite chains formed by the alternate connection of LnO8 polyhedra and LiO4 tetrahedra run parallel to the b‐axis in the structure. The energy‐band structures, density of states, the chemical bonds, and optical properties have been investigated by density functional methods for some of the title compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
How to Reach Stereogenic Trifluoromethylated Carbon? En Route to the “Grail” of the Asymmetric Trifluoromethylation Reaction
Authors: Billard Thierry , Langlois Bernard R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe importance of trifluoromethylated molecules has undergone regular growth during the last years, and asymmetric molecules with the CF3 group borne by a chiral carbon have become more popular. However, methods used to achieve such molecules are still limited. The building block strategy has been the method most employed these last years and stereocontrolled trifluoromethylation reactions have begun to emerge as potential valuable alternatives. Trifluoromethylation of chiral molecules, by using diastereoselective induction, seems promising and already gives good results in certain cases. However, although actively studied to this day, the enantioselective trifluoromethylation of prochiral compounds is still not very efficient even if some interesting results have been already described. Nevertheless, such reactions still present a challenge in terms of efficiency. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Direct Composition Analysis of a Dynamic Library of Imines in an Aqueous Medium
Authors: Zameo Sandrine , Vauzeilles Boris , Beau Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDynamic Combinatorial Chemistry: Direct detection of imines in water and their adaptive re‐equilibration in the presence of a target are possible by simple HPLC analysis. The equilibrating mixture is fixed by a fast drop in the pH during the analytical step. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Influences of perceived autonomy support on physical activity within the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Chatzisarantis Nikos L. D. , Hagger Martin S. , Smith Brett 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThree studies tested the contribution of perceived autonomy support to the prediction of health‐related intentions within the theory of planned behavior. Perceived autonomy support refers to the extent to which individuals perceive that significant others encourage choice and participation in decision‐making, provide a meaningful rationale, minimize pressure, and acknowledge the individual's feelings and perspectives. Findings from Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that perceived autonomy support predicted intentions to participate in physical activity behavior directly and indirectly via attitudes. Perceived autonomy support predicted intention even after statistically controlling for the effects from past behavior, descriptive norms, and perceived social support. Study 3 found that persuasive communications influenced perceptions of autonomy support, attitudes, and intentions. Overall, the findings support the incorporation of perceived autonomy support into the theory of planned behavior. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐esteem moderates preferences for accepting versus rejecting interaction partners
Authors: Rudich Eric A. , Sedikides Constantine , Gregg Aiden P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTwo experiments compared the social orientations of people with high and low self‐esteem (HSEs vs. LSEs). In Experiment 1, participants received positive or negative interpersonal feedback from an accepting or rejecting evaluator. HSEs chose to interact with a rejecting evaluator more often than LSEs did. In Experiment 2, participants received solely negative interpersonal feedback from an accepting or rejecting evaluator of high or low social status. This time, both HSEs and LSEs chose an accepting/high‐status evaluator over a rejecting/low‐status one, but only HSEs chose a rejecting/high‐status evaluator over an accepting/low‐status one. Implications are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cone calorimeter analysis of UL‐94 V‐rated plastics
Authors: Morgan Alexander B. , Bundy Matthew 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCone calorimeter analysis was conducted on 18 thermoplastics with different UL‐94 vertical burn test (V) ratings. Ratings varied from V‐0 to no rating (NR), and the types of thermoplastics included were polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS), PC/ABS blends, high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS), polypropylene (PP), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Our analysis of the cone calorimeter data found that there were correlations between UL‐94 V rating and some cone calorimeter measurements (peak heat release rate (HRR) average and HRR at 60 s) and no relationship for other measurements (time to ignition and total heat release). However, no precise correlation was found due to significant differences in flame retardant mechanism and polymer fuel energy values. In this paper, we seek to explain further why a broad quantitative relationship between UL‐94 V and cone calorimeter remains elusive, and also to show how the cone calorimeter can be used to understand why a material passes or fails a particular UL‐94 V rating. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eye position‐dependent activity in the primary visual area as revealed by fMRI
Authors: Andersson Frédéric , Joliot Marc , Perchey Guy , Petit Laurent 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInternal senses of the position of the eye in the orbit may influence the cognitive processes that take into account gaze and limb positioning for movement or guiding actions. Neuroimaging studies have revealed eye position‐dependent activity in the extrastriate visual, parietal, and frontal areas, but, at the earliest vision stage, the role of the primary visual area (V1) in these processes remains unclear. Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to investigate the effect of eye position on V1 activity evoked by a quarter‐field stimulation using a visual checkerboard. We showed that the amplitude of V1 activity was modulated by the position of the eye, the activity being maximal when both the eye and head positions were aligned. Previous studies gave impetus to the emerging view that V1 activity is a cortical area in which contextual influences take place. The present study suggests that eye position may affect an early stage of visual processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Explaining turnover intention in Korean public community hospitals: occupational differences
Authors: Hwang Jee‐In , Chang Hyejung 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectivesPersonnel in public hospitals had relatively low job satisfaction despite of tenure employment. High turnover rates degrade hospital image and incur additional costs related to recruitment and training. The purposes of this study were to describe the occupational differences and to identify factors affecting turnover intention among public hospital personnel.MethodA questionnaire survey was conducted as part of Administrative Services Quality Evaluation Program by Seoul metropolitan municipality from 1 November to 1 December in 2003. The subjects were 1251 entire hospital personnel in four hospitals. The questionnaire was designed to measure job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and demographic characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors influencing turnover intention.ResultsThere were significant differences in job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention according to the occupations. The turnover intention rates were highest among physicians, followed by paramedicals and nursing staffs and then administrators. The significant factors affecting turnover intention were involvement and loyalty among physicians, hospital type, satisfaction with systems and loyalty among nursing staffs, satisfaction with relationship and loyalty among administrators, and loyalty among paramedicals.ConclusionThere were different moderators that influence turnover intentions of hospital personnel. Loyalty had the most important effect upon turnover intention in all occupations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of alginate‐polyornithine microcapsules is profoundly dependent on the site of transplantation
Authors: Thanos C.G. , Bintz B.E. , Emerich D.F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAlginate encapsulation is a form of cell‐based therapy with numerous preclinical successes but recalcitrant complications related to stability and reproducibility. Understanding how alginate stability varies across different transplant sites will help identify indications that might benefit most from this approach. Alginate stability has been quantified in the peritoneum, but there are no systematic studies comparing its relative stability across transplant sites. This study compares the stability of alginate‐polycation microcapsules implanted in the peritoneum to those implanted in the brain and subcutaneous space at 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days in‐life. Using Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the surface of explanted capsules was analyzed for the relative proportion of alginate (outer coat) and the polycationic polyornithine (middle coat). Using a mathematic relationship between FTIR peaks related to these two material components, an index was generated to compare the stability of four different alginates. A notable difference was observed with rapid breakdown in the peritoneum. Conversely, identical alginate capsules transplanted into the brain or subcutaneous space were stable for the 6 month study. These data suggest that (1) successful intraperitoneal transplantation requires modifications of the capsule configuration, the host environment, or both and (2) that sites such as the brain and subcutaneous space are inherently less hostile to conventional alginate capsule configurations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Effect of yeast extract on the expression of thioredoxin–human parathyroid hormone from recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Fu Xiang‐Yang , Wei Dong‐Zhi , Tong Wang‐Yu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTerrific broth, a complex medium containing a high content of yeast extract, was chosen to cultivate recombinant Escherichia coli with the plasmid encoding the fusion protein gene of thioredoxin (Trx) and human parathyroid hormone (hPTH). The volumetric yield of Trx–hPTH fusion protein in the culture with Terrific broth reached about 800 mg L−1 after optimization. It was found that high content of yeast extract in Terrific broth promoted cell growth and Trx–hPTH fusion protein production. However, the more interesting fact was confirmed that high content of yeast extract was also responsible for the high‐level expression of Trx–hPTH fusion protein without specific inducer addition. Further studies indicated that the expression levels of Trx–hPTH fusion protein without specific inducer addition varied greatly with the content and the source of yeast extract contained in the media. Considering that some proteins are toxic to the host and their continuous expression may result in decreasing plasmid stability and protein yields, one should be cautious in selecting yeast extract in media for cultivating E. coli with plasmids carrying toxic genes under T7 control. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
An investigation on the optimal location of ozonation within biological treatment for a tannery wastewater
Authors: Dogruel Serdar , Genceli Esra A , Babuna Fatos G , Orhon Derin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal location of ozonation within biological treatment for a typical tannery wastewater by giving special attention to biodegradability‐based chemical oxygen demand (COD) characterization. As treating the raw tannery effluent solely by biological treatment is not adequate to meet the discharge standards owing to the high level of biorecalcitrant COD at the outlet, the application of chemical oxidation, i.e. ozone together with biotreatment (pre‐ozonation or in mid‐ozonation or post‐ozonation) was investigated. The tannery effluent under investigation had initially inert soluble COD (SI1) and particulate COD (XI1) fractions corresponding to 9% and 13% of the total COD (CT1), respectively, whereas each component of the biodegradable part—readily biodegradable COD (SS1), rapidly hydrolysable COD (SH1), and slowly hydrolysable COD (XS1)—accounted for around 26% of the total COD (CT1). Pre‐ozonation, undesirably competing with biotreatment for the removal of degradable organics, was shown to be insufficient both in terms of total COD (CT1) and inert COD (CI1) removal efficiencies. The scheme of biological treatment + ozonation + biological treatment could be applied successfully when 42.8 mg O3 min−1 was introduced for 5 min with a utilized ozone percentage of 76% at a point in biological treatment where the readily biodegradable COD (SS1) was depleted through biochemical reactions. Such an alternative yielded satisfactory outcomes when both total COD (CT) and inert COD (CI) removal efficiencies per utilized ozone ratios were considered. With post‐ozonation, on the other hand, the highest inert COD (CI) removal efficiencies together with an effluent quality meeting the discharge standards could be obtained. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Removal of nickel(II) from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes
Authors: Lu Chungsying , Liu Chunti 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were oxidized by NaClO solutions and were employed as sorbents to study sorption characteristics of nickel(II) from aqueous solution. The surface properties of CNTs such as functional groups, total acidic sites and negatively charged carbons were greatly improved after oxidation, which made CNTs become more hydrophilic and resulted in sorption of more Ni2+. The amount of Ni2+ sorbed onto oxidized CNTs increased with a rise in agitation speed, initial Ni2+ concentration and solution pH in the range 1–8, but decreased with a rise in CNT mass and solution ionic strength. The sorption mechanisms are complicated and appear attributable to electrostatic forces and chemical interactions between the Ni2+ and the surface functional groups of the CNTs. The oxidized SWCNTs and MWCNTs have shorter equilibrium time and better Ni2+ sorption performance than the oxidized granular activated carbon, suggesting that both NaClO oxidized CNTs are efficient Ni2+ sorbents and that they possess good potential applications in water treatment. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Computational comparison of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary tibial nails
Authors: Gómez‐Benito María José , Fornells Pere , García‐Aznar José Manuel , Seral Belén , Seral‐Iñnigo Fernando , Doblaré Manuel 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe compared, via a computational model, the biomechanical performance of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary tibial nails to treat fractures in three different locations: proximal, mid‐diaphyseal, and distal. Two finite element models were analyzed for the two nail types and the three kinds of fractures. Several biomechanical variables were determined: interfragmentary strains in the fracture site, von Mises stresses in nails and bolts, and strain distributions in the tibia and fibula. Although good mechanical stabilization was achieved in all the simulated fractures, the best results were obtained in the proximal fracture for the unreamed nail and in the mid‐diaphyseal and distal fractures for the reamed nail. The interlocking bolts, in general, were subjected to higher stresses in the unreamed tibial nail than in the reamed one; thus the former stabilization technique is more likely to fail due to fatigue. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:191–200, 2007
Experimental validation of noninvasive referencing in navigated procedures on long bones
Authors: Kendoff Daniel , Bogojević Aleksander , Citak Musa , Citak Mustafa , Maier Christian , Maier Georg , Krettek Christian , Hüfner Tobias 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNavigation procedures in orthopedic surgery require fixation of reference markers to the anatomic region of interest. Inadequate fixation might lead to micromotion or loosening of the reference marker, consequently causing registration failures or errors in navigation. Osseous rigid fixation is usually achieved by minimally invasive Schanz screws or pins. The goal of this study was to evaluate a non invasive external fixation device, a headband so far used in cranial navigation, as an alternative invasive fixation technique to reference markers in the femur. A common navigation system with an adapted trauma software application was used to track the positions of the soft tissue‐attached headband relative to an invasive reference marker on the femur during manipulations of the thigh. Relative translative and rotational movements of the headband were measured during defined movements of the hip and knee and manipulations of the headband itself. The results revealed high translative and rotational movements, up to 6 mm and 3°, respectively, due to minor manipulations of the affected lower extremity. Noninvasive soft tissue fixation with a headband does not allow rigid fixation for accurate navigated registration or operative procedures at the femur. Necessary intraoperative movements or manipulations would cause substantial registration failures. Invasive fixation techniques with screws or pins are still the method of choice. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:201–207, 2007
Effects of tungsten and nickel on repassivation rate of stainless steels in chloride solution by electrochemical method
Authors: Kim S.Y. , Kim H. , Kwan H.‐S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe recent development of the method for analyzing repassivation rate by a rapid scratch test and high field conduction model makes it possible to predict SCC susceptibility more quantitatively but it is impossible to distinguish the repassivation rates with a little difference due to the inaccurate measurement of the scratched surface area. In addition, the electrochemical method previously reported as a method to remove passive film also makes it difficult to analyze repassivation rate by the high conduction model due to hydrogen evolution at the removing process. This study is to propose the new test conditions based on an electrochemical method and to get a better understanding of alloying elements on the repassivation rate of stainless steels. From the scratch test and the proposed electrochemical (potential step chronoamperometry: PSC) test, the function of nickel and tungsten affecting the repassivation rate is due to blocking the passivation by metal not participating in the formation of passive film and stabilizing the film by molybdenate (MoO42−) with accelerating the dissolution rate of iron by tungsten, respectively. In addition, the PSC test can be approved a technique for simulating the repassivation rate by the comparison of the results from two tests. Finally, the relationship between protectiveness of passive film and repassivation rate was mentioned.
Pregabalin (Lyrica) in the treatment of essential tremor
Authors: Zesiewicz Theresa A. , Ward Christopher L. , Hauser Robert A. , Pease Campbell Jessica A. , Sullivan Kelly L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe report on 2 essential tremor patients who experienced marked improvement in upper extremity tremor with the use of pregabalin (Lyrica, PGB). On PGB 200 mg/day, tremor amplitude was reduced by at least 40% in the worst affected hand in both patients as measured by accelerometry. Both patients also reported moderate reduction in tremor on the Clinical Global Impression Scale, and Fahn–Tolosa–Marin Part I scores were markedly improved. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Detection of an antioxidant profile in the human brain in vivo via double editing with MEGA‐PRESS
Authors: Terpstra Melissa , Marjanska Malgorzata , Henry Pierre‐Gilles , Tkáč Ivan , Gruetter Rolf 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVitamin C (ascorbate) and glutathione (GSH) are the two most concentrated non‐enzymatic antioxidants in the human brain. Double editing with (DEW) MEGA‐PRESS at 4T was designed in this study to measure both antioxidants in the same amount of time previously required to measure one. In the occipital lobe of four human subjects, resolved ascorbate (Asc) and GSH resonances were detected repeatedly and simultaneously using DEW MEGA‐PRESS. The Asc and GSH concentrations measured using LCModel analysis of DEW MEGA‐PRESS spectra were 0.8 ± 0.1 and 1.0 ± 0.1 μmol/g (mean ± SD), with average Cramer‐Rao lower bounds (CRLB) of 10% and 7%, respectively. Aside from the effects of J‐modulation at a common echo time (TE), double editing did not compromise sensitivity. To determine the extent to which the oxidized forms of Asc and GSH contribute to DEW MEGA‐PRESS spectra in vivo, chemical shifts and coupling constants for dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were measured at physiologic pH and temperature. DHA does not contribute to the 3.73 ppm DEW MEGA‐PRESS Asc resonance. GSSG contributions to the DEW MEGA‐PRESS GSH resonance (3.0 ppm) are negligible under physiologic conditions, and would be evidenced by a distinct GSSG resonance (3.3 ppm) at exceptionally high concentrations. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.