bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual variation and hormonal modulation of a sodium channel β subunit in the electric organ correlate with variation in a social signal
Authors: Liu He , Wu Ming‐Ming , Zakon Harold H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe sodium channel β1 subunit affects sodium channel gating and surface density, but little is known about the factors that regulate β1 expression or its participation in the fine control of cellular excitability. In this study we examined whether graded expression of the β1 subunit contributes to the gradient in sodium current inactivation, which is tightly controlled and directly related to a social behavior, the electric organ discharge (EOD), in a weakly electric fish Sternopygus macrurus. We found the mRNA and protein levels of β1 in the electric organ both correlate with EOD frequency. We identified a novel mRNA splice form of this gene and found the splicing preference for this novel splice form also correlates with EOD frequency. Androgen implants lowered EOD frequency and decreased the β1 mRNA level but did not affect splicing. Coexpression of each splice form in Xenopus oocytes with either the human muscle sodium channel gene, hNav1.4, or a Sternopygus ortholog, smNav1.4b, sped the rate of inactivation of the sodium current and shifted the steady‐state inactivation toward less negative membrane potentials. The translational product of the novel mRNA splice form lacks a previously identified important tyrosine residue but still functions normally. The properties of the fish α and coexpressed β1 subunits in the oocyte replicate those of the electric organ's endogenous sodium current. These data highlight the role of ion channel β subunits in regulating cellular excitability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, but not estradiol, enhance survival of new hippocampal neurons in adult male rats
Authors: Spritzer Mark D. , Galea Liisa A.M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPast research suggested that androgens may play a role in the regulation of adult neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus. We tested this hypothesis by manipulating androgen levels in male rats. Castrated or sham castrated male rats were injected with 5‐Bromo‐2′deoxyuridine (BrdU). BrdU‐labeled cells in the dentate gryus were visualized and phenotyped (neural or glial) using immunohistochemistry. Castrated males showed a significant decrease in 30‐day cell survival within the dentate gyrus but there was no significant change in cell proliferation relative to control males, indicating that androgens positively affect cell survival, but not cell proliferation. To examine the role of testosterone on hippocampal cell survival, males were injected with testosterone s.c. for 30 days starting the day after BrdU injection. Higher doses (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) but not a lower dose (0.25 mg/kg) of testosterone resulted in a significant increase in neurogenesis relative to controls. We next tested the role of testosterone's two major metabolites, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol, upon neurogenesis. Thirty days of injections of DHT (0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg) but not estradiol (0.010 and 0.020 mg/kg) resulted in a significant increase in hippocampal neurogenesis. These results suggest that testosterone enhances hippocampal neurogenesis via increased cell survival in the dentate gyrus through an androgen‐dependent mechanism. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Chip‐based CE coupled to a quadrupole TOF mass spectrometer for the analysis of a glycopeptide
Authors: Zheng Yufang , Li Haifang , Guo Zhihong , Lin Jin‐Ming , Cai Zongwei 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel approach using sheath flow chip‐based CE coupled to a quadrupole TOF mass spectrometer was developed and applied to the analysis of an O‐glycopeptide. The method provided good separation and sensitive analysis of the glycopeptide and its β‐elimination product. The β‐elimination reaction of the glycopeptide with ammonia or dimethylamine was adapted for changing the glycopeptide into deglycosylated form and for specifying the site of glycosylation. MS/MS analysis of the native peptide, glycopeptide and β‐elimination product enabled the identification of the glycosylation site through the comparison of the fragmentations and peptide sequence analysis.
Development of a universal serial bus‐powered mini‐high‐voltage power supply for microchip electrophoresis
Authors: Jiang Lei , Jiang Xuening , Lu Yao , Dai Zhongpeng , Xie Minhao , Qin Jianhua , Lin Bingcheng 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe a miniature high‐voltage power supply (HVPS) with dimensions of 4.7×5.6×2.5 cm (W×L×H) powered by universal serial bus (USB) ports. Two strategies were adopted to ensure its efficient power usage. (i) Only two high‐voltage converters (one positive and one negative) and two relays were used for power saving, while keeping the sample plug stable and well‐defined and avoiding sample leakage for microchip electrophoresis. (ii) The components and their running modes were specially designed to decrease power waste according to the feature of different periods of the microchip electrophoresis process. Performance of this USB‐based mini‐HVPS was demonstrated using sodium fluorescein analyte with microchip electrophoresis/LIF detection.
A methodology for sensitivity analysis in inverse problems—application to a palaeoclimate study
Authors: Bhattacharya Sourabh 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present a methodology for implementing sensitivity analysis in the case of inverse problems. This is motivated by a problem in palaeoclimatology, where interest lies in reconstruction of past climates from fossil data. In such situations fossil data are modelled as functions of climate variables, since in general ecological terms, variations in climate drive variations in fossil. However, prediction of climate variables are of interest, indicating the inverse nature of the problem.Technically, given a data set {xi,yi};i = 1, … ,n, and a probability distributionp(yi | xi, θ), where θ is the set of model parameters, the problem is ‘inverse’ if, given a new observedy, prediction of the corresponding unknownxis required. On the other hand, the more usual forward problem considers prediction ofyfor givenx. Sensitivity analysis in forward problems is about examining if the results are robust with respect to changes of the prior on θ. This has received a lot of attention in the statistical literature. However, in the case of inverse problems, a prior onxis required, in addition to the prior on θ. This complicates sensitivity analysis, at least operationally, and, to our knowledge, there exists no work in the literature that addresses this. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for sensitivity analysis in inverse problems, and discuss its application to a real, complex, palaeoclimate problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overturning of top profile of the Koyna Dam during severe ground motion
Authors: Saini S. S. , Krishna Jai 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Koyna Dam in India was subjected to a severe earthquake on 11 December 1967 with its epicentre very close to the dam site. During this earthquake, higher non‐overflow monoliths of the dam suffered significant damage. In the highest non‐overflow monolith, a horizontal crack occurred at the level where there was an abrupt change in the downstream slope. The dynamic behaviour of the top profile of this monolith of the dam above the crack has been investigated treating it as a rigid body. The study shows that the overturning of the cracked portion of the dam will not occur due to the severest anticipated ground motion at the site. However, to prevent the seepage of water and as a permanent remedial measure, strengthening of the dam is necessary but no emergency measures need be taken.
Simulation of artificial earthquakes
Authors: Rodolfo Saragoni G. , Hart Gary C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA procedure is developed for the simulation of artificial earthquake accelerograms, The time variation of amplitude and frequency content is preserved in the simulation procedure. Sixteen artificial earthquake accelerograms are simulated and compared with a target accelerogram. The time variation of amplitude and frequency content for 26 historical earthquake accelerograms is characterized.
Inelastic dynamic analysis of tall buildings
Authors: Meyer Christian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe importance of inelastic action of frame structures subjected to strong ground motions has been recognized by engineers for many years. However, the dynamic analysis of buildings undergoing inelastic deformations requires the solution of many theoretical problems, as well as the development of computer software which makes such analyses economically feasible in a design office–in spite of the extraordinary amount of computation involved. In this paper, some of the principal theoretical problems are briefly described. These are the load‐deformation relationship, yield capacity reduction, ductility, P– δ effect, viscous damping, panel zone distortions, numerical integration techniques, energy analysis and the effect of non‐structural elements. Special consideration is given to questions associated with the practical implementation of this theory. These questions arose during the development of a computer program, called NLDYN, capable of analysing the non‐linear dynamic behaviour of tall buildings in an engineering office environment. The capabilities of this computer program are illustrated with the results of the analysis of a 60 storey office building currently under construction in downtown Los Angeles.
Looking at the evidence: What variations in practice might indicate
Authors: Datta Lois‐ellin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis chapter presents the findings from a review of the practice of evaluation in federal agencies as an attempt to inform policies on method choice. The author explores whether federal agencies differ in their approaches to evaluation design and the factors that influence these differences. The nature of the programs, agency culture, evaluator training and experience, and the politics of methodology all emerge as possible context‐appropriate influences on method choice.
Temporal accuracy analysis of phase change convection simulations using the JFNK‐SIMPLE algorithm
Authors: Evans Katherine J. , Knoll Dana A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe incompressible Navier–Stokes and energy conservation equations with phase change effects are applied to two benchmark problems: (1) non‐dimensional freezing with convection; and (2) pure gallium melting. Using a Jacobian‐free Newton–Krylov (JFNK) fully implicit solution method preconditioned with the SIMPLE (Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. Hemisphere: New York, 1980) algorithm using centred discretization in space and three‐level discretization in time converges with second‐order accuracy for these problems. In the case of non‐dimensional freezing, the temporal accuracy is sensitive to the choice of velocity attenuation parameter. By comparing to solutions with first‐order backward Euler discretization in time, it is shown that the second‐order accuracy in time is required to resolve the fine‐scale convection structure during early gallium melting. Qualitative discrepancies develop over time for both the first‐order temporal discretized simulation using the JFNK‐SIMPLE algorithm that converges the nonlinearities and a SIMPLE‐based algorithm that converges to a more common mass balance condition. The discrepancies in the JFNK‐SIMPLE simulations using only first‐order rather than second‐order accurate temporal discretization for a given time step size appear to be offset in time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The violation of objectivity in Laplace formulations of the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Limache A. , Idelsohn S. , Rossi R. , Oñate E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Navier–Stokes equations written in Laplace form are often the starting point of many numerical methods for the simulation of viscous flows. Imposing the natural boundary conditions of the Laplace form or neglecting the viscous contributions on free surfaces are traditionally considered reasonable and harmless assumptions. With these boundary conditions any formulation derived from integral methods (like finite elements or finite volumes) recovers the pure Laplacian aspect of the strong form of the equations. This approach has also the advantage of being convenient in terms of computational effort and, as a consequence, it is used extensively. However, we have recently discovered that these resulting Laplacian formulations violate a basic axiom of continuum mechanics: the principle of objectivity. In the present article we give an accurate account about these topics. We also show that unexpected differences may sometimes arise between Laplace discretizations and divergence discretizations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender‐related differences in neonatal imitation
Authors: Nagy Emese , Kompagne Hajnalka , Orvos Hajnalka , Pal Attila 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSocio‐emotional behaviour is in part sex‐related in humans, although the contribution of the biological and socio‐cultural factors is not yet known. This study explores sex‐related differences during the earliest communicative exchange, the neonatal imitation in 43 newborn infants (3–96 hours old) using an index finger extension imitative gesture. Results showed that although the experimenter presented comparable stimuli to both sexes, and the total number of movements was similar in boys and girls, girls showed more fine motor movements, a higher number of specific imitative gestures, responded faster during the imitation and showed a higher baseline heart rate during the experiment. Newborn girls, with their faster and more accurate imitative abilities, may create a more responsive and interactive social environment, which in turn may lead to differences in socio‐emotional and cognitive development between girls and boys. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological roles of carboxymethyl‐chitin associated for the growth factor production
Authors: Kariya Hiroyuki , Kiyohara Ai , Masuda Shingo , Yoshihara Yusuke , Ueno Masaru , Hashimoto Masahito , Suda Yasuo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMany techniques to restore cartilage defection have been tried. However, the development is still under way because of problems, including loosening of artificial joint, degenerative change of compensated tissue, risk of viral transmission via allograft/autograft, and cost of therapeutic materials for repair. In the previous research, we found that complementing cartilage defective part with carboxymethyl‐chitin (CM‐chitin)/β‐tricalcium phosphate composite induced regeneration of cartilage in rabbits in vivo, and it is presumable that CM‐chitin plays a key role in chondrogenesis causing the regeneration of cartilage. However, the induction mechanism of chondrogenesis with CM‐chitin is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the cell responses to CM‐chitin by using peritoneal exudate cell (PEC) in mice and found that CM‐chitin induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, both of which are both considered to correlate with chondrogenesis. After intraperitoneal injection CM‐chitin showed enhanced expressions of mRNA of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), keratinocyte‐derived chemokine, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) in PEC as observed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Productions of TGF‐β1 protein were confirmed by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay. It was also shown that mononuclear cells in PEC were responsible for the TGF‐β1 production. These results suggest that CM‐chitin is an inductor of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors and may contribute to regeneration of cartilage. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Stent material surface and glucose activate mononuclear cells of control, type 1 and type 2 diabetes subjects
Authors: Harrison Moira , Siddiq Amer , Guildford Anna , Bone Adrian , Santin Matteo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn stent restenosis (ISR) has been described as an unaccomplished tissue healing and its rate is particularly high in diabetic patients. Evidence has been collected which relates the formation of ISR proteoglycan‐rich neointimal tissue to the accumulation and protracted activation of macrophages around the stent metal struts. Here, the in vitro activation of mononuclear cells adhering to stainless steel (a material of choice in stent manufacturing) from control and diabetic (types 1 and 2) subjects was assessed in the presence of different glucose levels. The results showed that cells from the control and type 1 diabetes groups produced significantly higher levels of TGF‐β1 when adhering on stainless steel (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01), but a significant PDGF‐BB secretion was observed only in control subjects. When tested at physiological glucose concentration, the effect of the stainless steel on control cells was more pronounced. The present study shows that mononuclear cells adhering onto stainless steel secrete growth factors relevant to ISR. Cells from diabetic subjects seem to secrete relatively higher levels of PDGF under hyperglycaemic conditions regardless of the substrate exposed thus offering an explanation for the higher incidence of restenosis in these patients. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Effect of soluble zinc on differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells
Authors: Popp Jenni R. , Love Brian J. , Goldstein Aaron S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAmorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs) are attractive fillers for osseous defects and are stabilized through the incorporation of transition metals such as zirconium and zinc. As ACP converts in solution to hydroxyapatite (HAP) in a manner marked by a transient release of calcium and phosphate ions, it is capable of stimulating osteoblastic differentiation. Zinc is known to retard ACP conversion to HAP, and—when incorporated into ceramic biomaterials—has been shown to stimulate osteoblastic differentiation. Because zinc deficiency in vivo is marked by skeletal defects, we postulated that zinc ions released from ACP and other minerals could stimulate proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of progenitor cells. To test this hypothesis, rat bone marrow stromal cells were cultured in osteogenic medium containing basal (3 × 10−6 M) or supplemented Zn2+ concentrations (1 × 10−5 and 4 × 10−5 M) for up to 3 weeks. No significant effects of zinc concentration on cell number, alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein content, collagen synthesis, or matrix mineralization were found. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Category IV indications for therapeutic apheresis—ASFA fourth special issue
Authors: Shaz Beth H. , Linenberger Michael L. , Bandarenko Nicholas , Winters Jeffrey L. , Kim Haewon C. , Marques Marisa B. , Sarode Ravindra , Schwartz Joseph , Weinstein Robert , Wirk Ashka , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) Committee on Clinical Applications systematically and critically reviews published information on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice. On the basis of this review, selected diseases are assigned one of five categories (category I, II, III, IV, and P). The diseases, which were classified as category IV indications, and the rationale for such assignment are reviewed in this article. The diseases assigned to category I, II, III, and newly created category P are discussed in a separate article in this issue. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2007 © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal sonographic findings of Klippel‐Trénaunay‐Weber syndrome
Authors: Chen Chih‐Ping , Lin Shuan‐Pei , Chang Tung‐Yao , Lee Hung‐Chang , Hung Han‐Yang , Lin Hsiang‐Yu , Huang Jian‐Pei , Wang Wayseen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe the prenatal sonographic findings in a case of Klippel‐Trénaunay‐Weber syndrome including fetal ascites and subcutaneous cystic lesions associated with a relatively low level of maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein and a relatively high level of maternal serum β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin. Klippel‐Trénaunay‐Weber syndrome may present prenatally with fetal ascites and an abnormal maternal serum screening result in addition to fetal limb hypertrophy and subcutaneous cystic lesions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Real‐time 3‐dimensional echocardiographic features of fetal cardiac tumor
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Yan Fang , Dai Shu‐Yan , Kanenishi Kenji , Yanagihara Toshihiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present a case of fetal cardiac tumors diagnosed using conventional 2‐dimensional (2D) fetal echocardiography and real‐time 3‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography. Conventional 2D echocardiography revealed multiple cardiac tumors involving the right atrium, interventricular septum, and right and left ventricles. Real‐time 3D echocardiography with instantaneous volume rendering showed the cardiac tumors in motion. The advantages and disadvantages of real‐time 3D fetal echocardiography are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Protein‐losing gastropathy with hypertrophic gastric folds: Endosonographic findings
Authors: Tsurumaru Daisuke , Masunari Satoru , Utsunomiya Takashi , Takano Heihachirou , Matsuura Shuji , Nishihara Yunosuke , Yao Takashi , Irie Hiroyuki , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present a case of protein‐losing gastropathy with hypertrophic gastric folds. A 38‐year‐old man was hospitalized for severe epigastric pain suggestive of hypoproteinemia. Endoscopic and radiologic examination revealed enlarged gastric folds on the greater curvature of the stomach. Endoscopic sonography revealed marked thickening of the second layer on the greater curvature of the stomach. Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed, and the diagnosis was hypertrophic gastritis. After prednisolone treatment, hypoproteinemia and the enlarged gastric folds of the stomach resolved. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Effects of altitude on spleen volume: Sonographic assessment
Authors: Sonmez Guner , Ozturk Ersin , Basekim C. Cinar , Mutlu Hakan , Kilic Selim , Onem Yalcin , Kizilkaya Esref 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurpose.To use sonography to determine changes that may arise in splenic volume in humans from regions of lower altitude who begin to live in regions of higher altitude.Materials and Methods.The study was conducted in the Turkish province of Ağrı, at an altitude of 1750 m and included 108 healthy, nonsmoking, disease‐free volunteers who had moved from regions at an altitude lower than 500 m. Length, width, and thickness of the spleen were measured using sonography. Splenic volume was calculated using the following standard ellipsoid formula: length × width × thickness × 0.523. Sonographic assessments were repeated at 3 and 6 months along with other blood tests, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet levels.Results.The mean ± SD splenic volume was 299 ± 97 cm3 (range, 116–574 cm3). At 3 and 6 months, the splenic volumes decreased significantly compared to their initial values (p < 0.05). An increase in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count was observed in all subjects.Conclusion.Our data show that splenic volume in healthy individuals who begins to live at high altitudes decreases gradually. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007