bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients' preferences for decision making and the feeling of being understood in the medical encounter among patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ishikawa Hirono , Hashimoto Hideki , Yano Eiji 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how patients' preferences for decision making in the medical encounter affect the association between their participation style and the feeling of being understood by the physician.MethodsThe study group comprised 115 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were under continuous care by 8 rheumatologists at a university‐affiliated rheumatology clinic in Tokyo, Japan. A questionnaire was distributed just after each encounter, in which patients' self‐reported participation in communication during the visit, preference for decision making, and the feeling of being understood were measured. The feeling of being understood was regressed on the participation style and preference for decision making after controlling for demographic and functional variables.ResultsPatient participation in visit communication was positively associated with the feeling of being understood. This relationship was moderated by patients' preference for decision making. Patients with higher preference for decision making were more likely to feel understood when they more actively participated in visit communication, whereas this relationship was weaker among those with lower preference for decision making.ConclusionInviting patients to participate in visit communication may not always enhance the feeling of being understood by the physician when patients have less preference for autonomous decision making in the relationship with the physician. Exploring patients' preferences in the relationship would help physicians understand what the patient expects from visit communication and tailor their practice style to meet patients' needs.
Correlation between juvenile idiopathic arthritis activity and damage measures in early, advanced, and longstanding disease
Authors: Palmisani Elena , Solari Nicoletta , Magni‐manzoni Silvia , Pistorio Angela , Labò Elena , Panigada Serena , Martini Alberto , Ravelli Angelo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the correlation between juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) measures of disease activity and damage in patients with early and late disease.MethodsThree cohorts of patients with JIA disease duration ≤1 year (early disease, n = 70), 5–9.9 years (advanced disease, n = 114), and ≥10 years (longstanding disease, n = 39) were studied. Measures included physician's global assessment of overall disease activity (MD global), parent's global assessment of the child's well‐being (parent global) and pain (parent pain), joint counts, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein level, and Poznanski score of radiographic damage.ResultsIn all cohorts, the MD global assessment was generally well correlated with the other variables, except the Poznanski score. The parent global assessment was correlated strongly with the parent pain assessment and moderately with the CHAQ irrespective of disease duration. Correlations between the CHAQ and the joint counts were low in early disease, moderate in advanced disease, and high to moderate in longstanding disease. Correlation between the CHAQ and the Poznanski score was low in early and advanced disease and moderate in longstanding disease. The Poznanski score was highly correlated with the number of joints with restricted motion in longstanding disease.ConclusionWe found important differences in the level of correlation between JIA measures of activity and damage in patients with different lengths of disease duration. These findings have important implications for clinical trials because they indicate that the responsiveness of some variables and their correlation with other variables change as disease duration changes.
Self‐archiving and the Copyright Transfer Agreements of ISI‐ranked library and information science journals
Authors: Coleman Anita 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA study of Thomson‐Scientific ISI ranked Library and Information Science (LIS) journals (n = 52) is reported. The study examined the stances of publishers as expressed in the Copyright Transfer Agreements (CTAs) of the journals toward self‐archiving, the practice of depositing digital copies of one's works in an Open Archives Initiative (OAI)‐compliant open access repository. Sixty‐two percent (32) do not make their CTAs available on the open Web; 38% (20) do. Of the 38% that do make CTAs available, two are open access journals. Of the 62% that do not have a publicly available CTA, 40% are silent about self‐archiving. Even among the 20 journal CTAs publicly available there is a high level of ambiguity. Closer examination augmented by publisher policy documents on copyright, self‐archiving, and instructions to authors reveals that only five, 10% of the ISI‐ranked LIS journals in the study, actually prohibit self‐archiving by publisher rule. Copyright is a moving target, but publishers appear to be acknowledging that copyright and open access can co‐exist in scholarly journal publishing. The ambivalence of LIS journal publishers provides unique opportunities to members of the community. Authors can self‐archive in open access archives. A society‐led, global scholarly communication consortium can engage in the strategic building of the LIS information commons. Aggregating OAI‐compliant archives and developing disciplinary‐specific library services for an LIS commons has the potential to increase the field's research impact and visibility. It may also ameliorate its own scholarly communication and publishing systems and serve as a model for others.
Reflections of the self: how self‐esteem determines decision framing and increases risk taking
Authors: McElroy Todd , Seta John J. , Waring Douglas A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHistorically, research examining the influence of individual personality factors on decision processing has been sparse. In this paper we investigate how one important individual aspect, self‐esteem, influences imposition and subsequent processing of ambiguously, negatively or positively framed decision tasks. We hypothesized that low self‐esteem individuals would impose a negative frame onto ambiguous decision problems and would be especially sensitive to negatively framed decision tasks. In Study 1 we utilized a self‐framing procedure and demonstrated that HSE participants were evenly divided in the hedonic valence they self‐imposed whereas LSE participants were more likely to self‐impose a negative frame. When these differences were accounted for, HSE and LSE participants were equivalent in risk seeking/avoiding choices. Study 2 used a risky‐choice framing task and found that LSE individuals were especially sensitive to the negative frame. Study 3, provided converging evidence and generalization of these findings to a reflection tasks involving money. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation intentions and disengagement from a failing course of action
Authors: Henderson Marlone D. , Gollwitzer Peter M. , Oettingen Gabriele 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe explored the consequences of forming implementation intentions that call for action (adjustment of chosen course of action) versus reflection (assessment of the appropriateness of chosen course of action) in situations that activate people's tendency to remain committed to failing courses of action. In Study 1, when negative experiences preceded failure, action and reflection implementation intention participants showed higher rates of disengagement than mere goal intention and no intention participants. However, when positive experiences preceded failure, only action implementation intention participants maintained this high disengagement rate. In Study 2, we observed that time pressure moderated the facilitating effects of action and reflection implementation intentions on disengagement when negative experiences preceded failure. Whereas the effect of action implementation intentions benefited from time pressure, the effect of reflection implementation intentions did not. The present studies construe disengagement as a self‐regulation process and highlight the benefits of implementation intentions as a self‐regulation tool. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Financial prospect relativity: context effects in financial decision‐making under risk
Authors: Vlaev Ivo , Chater Nick , Stewart Neil 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe report three studies in which methodologies from psychophysics are adapted to investigate context effects on individual financial decision‐making under risk. The aim was to determine how the range and the rank of the options offered as saving amounts and levels of investment risk influence people's decisions about these variables. In the range manipulation, participants were presented with either a full range of choice options or a limited subset, while in the rank manipulation they were presented with a skewed set of feasible options. The results showed that choices are affected by the position of each option in the range and the rank of presented options, which suggests that judgments and choices are relative. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duncan's k ‐Ratio Bayes Rule Approach to Multiple Comparisons: An Overview
Authors: Pennello Gene A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn alternative to frequentist approaches to multiple comparisons is Duncan's k ‐ratio Bayes rule approach. The purpose of this paper is to compile key results on k ‐ratio Bayes rules for a number of multiple comparison problems that heretofore, have only been available in separate papers or doctoral dissertations. Among other problems, multiple comparisons for means in one‐way, two‐way, and treatments‐vs.‐control structures will be reviewed. In the k ‐ratio approach, the optimal joint rule for a multiple comparisons problem is derived under the assumptions of additive losses and prior exchangeability for the component comparisons. In the component loss function for a comparison, a balance is achieved between the decision losses due to Type I and Type II errors by assuming that their ratio is k. The component loss is also linear in the magnitude of the error. Under the assumption of additive losses, the joint Bayes rule for the component comparisons applies to each comparison the Bayes test for that comparison considered alone. That is, a comparisonwise approach is optimal. However, under prior exchangeability of the comparisons, the component test critical regions adapt to omnibus patterns in the data. For example, for a balanced one‐way array of normally distributed means, the Bayes critical t value for a difference between means is inversely related to the F ratio measuring heterogeneity among the means, resembling a continuous version of Fisher's F ‐protected least significant difference rule. For more complicated treatment structures, the Bayes critical t value for a difference depends intuitively on multiple F ratios and marginal difference(s) (if applicable), such that the critical t value warranted for the difference can range from being as conservative as that given by a familywise rule to actually being anti‐conservative relative to that given by the unadjusted 5%‐level Student's t test. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of Relation between Virologic Responses and Immunologic Responses, Patient's Factors in AIDS Clinical Trials Using – A Semiparametric Mixed‐Effects Model
Authors: Liang Hua , Zou Guohua 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this article we propose to use a semiparametric mixed‐effects model based on an exploratory analysis of clinical trial data for a study of the relation between virologic responses and immunologic markers such as CD4+ and CD8 counts, and host‐specific factors in AIDS clinical trials. The regression spline technique, used for inference for parameters in the model, reduces the unknown nonparametric components to parametric functions. It is simple and straightforward to implement the procedures using readily available software, and parameter inference can be developed from standard parametric models. We apply the model and the proposed method to an AIDS clinical study. Our findings indicate that viral load level is positively related to baseline viral load level, negatively related to CD4+ cell counts, but unrelated to CD8 cell counts and patient's age neither. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Accounting for Multiplicity in the Evaluation of “Signals” Obtained by Data Mining from Spontaneous Report Adverse Event Databases
Authors: Gould A. Lawrence 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSurveillance of drug products in the marketplace continues after approval, to identify rare potential toxicities that are unlikely to have been observed in the clinical trials carried out before approval. This surveillance accumulates large numbers of spontaneous reports of adverse events along with other information in spontaneous report databases. Recently developed empirical Bayes and Bayes methods provide a way to summarize the data in these databases, including a quantitative measure of the strength of the reporting association between the drugs and the events. Determining which of the particular drug‐event associations, of which there may be many tens of thousands, are real reporting associations and which random noise presents a substantial problem of multiplicity because the resources available for medical and epidemiologic followup are limited. The issues are similar to those encountered with the evaluation of microarrays, but there are important differences. This report compares the application of a standard empirical Bayes approach with micorarray‐inspired methods for controlling the False Discovery Rate, and a new Bayesian method for the resolution of the multiplicity problem to a relatively small database containing about 48,000 reports. The Bayesian approach appears to have attractive diagnostic properties in addition to being easy to interpret and implement computationally. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Controlling the False Discovery Rate with Constraints: The Newman‐Keuls Test Revisited
Authors: Shaffer Juliet Popper 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Newman‐Keuls (NK) procedure for testing all pairwise comparisons among a set of treatment means, introduced by Newman (1939) and in a slightly different form by Keuls (1952) was proposed as a reasonable way to alleviate the inflation of error rates when a large number of means are compared. It was proposed before the concepts of different types of multiple error rates were introduced by Tukey (1952a, b; 1953). Although it was popular in the 1950s and 1960s, once control of the familywise error rate (FWER) was accepted generally as an appropriate criterion in multiple testing, and it was realized that the NK procedure does not control the FWER at the nominal level at which it is performed, the procedure gradually fell out of favor.Recently, a more liberal criterion, control of the false discovery rate (FDR), has been proposed as more appropriate in some situations than FWER control. This paper notes that the NK procedure and a nonparametric extension controls the FWERwithin any set of homogeneous treatments. It proves that the extended procedure controls the FDR when there are well‐separated clusters of homogeneous means and between‐cluster test statistics are independent, and extensive simulation provides strong evidence that the original procedure controls the FDR under the same conditions and some dependent conditions when the clusters are not well‐separated. Thus, the test has two desirable error‐controlling properties, providing a compromise between FDR control with no subgroup FWER control and global FWER control.Yekutieli (2002) developed an FDR‐controlling procedure for testing all pairwise differences among means, without any FWER‐controlling criteria when there is more than one cluster. The empirical example in Yekutieli's paper was used to compare the Benjamini‐Hochberg (1995) method with apparent FDR control in this context, Yekutieli's proposed method with proven FDR control, the Newman‐ Keuls method that controls FWER within equal clusters with apparent FDR control, and several methods that control FWER globally. The Newman‐Keuls is shown to be intermediate in number of rejections to the FWER‐controlling methods and the FDR‐controlling methods in this example, although it is not always more conservative than the other FDR‐controlling methods. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intracoronary radiation therapy for multi‐drug resistant in‐stent restenosis: Initial clinical experience
Authors: Price Matthew J. , Giap Huan , Teirstein Paul S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWhile randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the excellent efficacy of sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) for de novo lesions, the optimal treatment for SES‐restenosis is not known. Management may include stand‐alone balloon angioplasty, repeat SES implantation, or placement of a drug‐eluting stent (DES) with an alternative antiproliferative agent (i.e., a paclitaxel‐eluting stent, PES). The appropriate management strategy for recurrent restenosis after PES implantation for SES restenosis is even less clear. We report the initial clinical experience with intracoronary radiation therapy (ICRT) for multi‐DES resistant restenosis. We performed ICRT in five patients with recurrent restenosis after treatment with both SES and PES. Over a median follow‐up of 256 days (range 75–489 days), one patient had a target lesion revascularization at 182 days and subsequently died at 483 days following the procedure. Our findings support the further study of this management approach. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of an Angio‐Seal™‐related vascular complication using the SilverHawk™ plaque excision system: A case report
Authors: Lee John H. , Biring Timinder S. , Gimelli Giorgio 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Angio‐Seal™ is a user‐friendly and safe arterial closure device increasingly used after percutaneous diagnostic and interventional procedures. Although it achieves rapid hemostasis and facilitates early patient mobilization, its use can be associated with vascular complications. A specific problem related to the device is protrusion of the collagen plug into the artery, causing either acute occlusion or symptomatic stenosis. When this occurs, treatment with balloon angioplasty alone is usually suboptimal, while stenting of the common femoral artery may be undesirable. In this report we describe a novel application of the SiverHawk™ plaque excision system to treat a highly eccentric stenosis at the site of a previously deployed Angio‐Seal. Since the device allows preferential cutting in the direction of the lesion and collagen plug debulking, it may be ideally suited to treat this complication without the need for stenting of the common femoral artery. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First‐in‐human implantation of a fully bioabsorbable drug‐eluting stent: The BVS poly‐L‐lactic acid everolimus‐eluting coronary stent
Authors: Ormiston John A. , Webster Mark W.I. , Armstrong Guy 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe first‐in‐human fully bioabsorbable drug‐eluting stent (BVS poly‐L‐lactic acid everolimus‐eluting coronary stent) implantation was performed at Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand as part of the ABSORB trial. There were no adverse events in‐hospital or by 1 month. A stent that supports the vessel when needed, delivers an antiproliferative drug then disappears has theoretical advantages with regard to CT and MRI compatibility, restored vessel vasomotion, and facilitated future percutaneous intervention or surgical grafting to the treated site. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bleeding complications in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing early invasive management can be reduced with radial access, smaller sheath sizes, and timely sheath removal
Authors: Cantor Warren J. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Huang Zhen , Das Pranab , Gulba Dietrich C. , Glezer Stanislav , Gallo Richard , Ducas John , Cohen Marc , Antman Elliott M. , Langer Anatoly , Kleiman Neal S. , White Harvey D. , Chisholm Robert J. , Harrington Robert A. , Ferguson James J. , Califf Robert M. , Goodman Shaun G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectives: Our objective was to analyze the impact of arterial access site, sheath size, timing of sheath removal, and use of access site closure devices on high‐risk patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Background: In the SYNERGY trial, 9,978 patients with ACS were randomly assigned to receive enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin. Methods: This analysis includes 9,404 patients for whom sheath access information was obtained for the first PCI procedure or diagnostic catheterization. Comparisons of baseline, angiographic, and procedural characteristics were carried out according to access site and sheath size. Results: Overall, 9,404 (94%) patients underwent angiography at a median of 21 hr (25th and 75th percentiles: 5, 42) and 4,687 (50%) underwent PCI at a median of 23 hr (6,49) of enrollment. The access site was femoral for 94.9% of cases, radial for 4.4%, and brachial for 0.7%. Radial access was associated with fewer transfusions than femoral access (0.9% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.007). For femoral access, the rates of noncoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)‐related TIMI major bleeding by sheath size was 1.5% for 4 or 5 French (Fr), 1.6% for 6 Fr, 3.3% for 7 Fr, and 3.8% for ≥ 8 Fr (P < 0.0001). After adjustment for baseline characteristics, femoral access site, larger sheath size, and delayed sheath removal were independent predictors of need for transfusion. Conclusions: Smaller sheaths, radial access, and timely sheath removal may mitigate the bleeding risk associated with potent antithrombotic/platelet therapy and early catheterization. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of adequate coronary stent expansion using StentBoost, a novel fluoroscopic image processing technique
Authors: Mishell Jacob M. , Vakharia Kalpesh T. , Ports Thomas A. , Yeghiazarians Yerem , Michaels Andrew D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:We tested the hypothesis that the use of motion‐corrected fluoroscopic images results in enhanced coronary stent visualization and improved detection of inadequate stent expansion.Background:Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) more accurately detects inadequate stent expansion when compared with coronary angiography. Stent under‐expansion is associated with stent restenosis and thrombosis. Developing a technique to improve fluoroscopic‐based assessment of stent expansion is desirable.Methods:We analyzed measurements of 48 coronary stents implanted in 30 patients using quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), IVUS, and StentBoost (SB), a novel fluoroscopic image processing technique. Correlations of stent diameter between the modalities were determined. Using established IVUS criteria for adequate stent deployment, we assessed the diagnostic test characteristics of SB to detect inadequate stent expansion.Results:Correlations of minimum stent diameter were highest between IVUS and SB (r = 0.75; P < 0.0001) when compared with QCA and IVUS (r = 0.65; P < 0.0001), and QCA and SB (r = 0.49; P = 0.0004). IVUS and SB demonstrated a small difference in minimum stent diameter, 0.043 mm (95% CI: 0.146–0.061 mm). The correlation between IVUS and SB was lower for vessels with intimal calcification (r = 0.57; P = 0.002) when compared with vessels with deeper calcification (r = 0.84; P < 0.0001). A SB minimum diameter of <2.5 mm predicted inadequate stent expansion by IVUS with 88% sensitivity, 70% specificity, and a positive likelihood ratio of 2.9.Conclusions:SB had superior correlations for stent expansion measured by IVUS when compared with QCA. A minimum stent diameter by SB measurement <2.5 mm is associated with inadequate stent expansion using IVUS criteria. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.