bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral synchronous double primary lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Li Jun , Yin Bo , Liu Yong , Huang Hai 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageBilateral synchronous double primary lung cancer (sDPLC) is a rare disease in clinics. This study analyzed the clinical data of a patient with bilateral sDPLC, aiming to improve medical workers' understanding of the disease and avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.AbstractA 68‐year‐old male was admitted to the hospital with “intermittent cough and expectoration for two months.” Enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) showed that the upper lobe of the left lung had a mass of high‐density shadow, bronchial opening of the left lobe was thickened, lumen was narrow, and middle lobe of the right lung had a mass of high‐density shadow. Bronchoscopy was performed to observe the microscopic characteristics of the lesions in the upper lobe of the left lung, and abnormal mucosa was biopsied. The pathological and immunohistochemical results confirmed that it was small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in the upper lobe of the left lung. Considering the occupation of the middle lobe of the right lung, CT‐guided lung biopsy was performed, and the pathological and immunohistochemical results confirmed that it was moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the middle lobe of the right lung. Clinicians should strengthen their understanding of sDPLC and focus on the imaging characteristics of chest CT and performance under bronchoscopy. Additionally, it is necessary to perform both CT‐guided lung biopsy and bronchoscopy to obtain histopathological findings for the diagnosis.
RotaWire™ entrapment in distal right coronary artery in dialysis patient
Authors: Watanabe Yoji , Fukamachi Daisuke , Matsumoto Naoya , Okumura Yasuo 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageRotablation had been performed on a highly calcified lesion, enabling various devices to be brought distally for removal of the Entrapped RotaWire.
Linear dichroism reveals the perpendicular orientation of DNA bases in the RecA and Rad51 recombinase filaments: A possible mechanism for the strand exchange reaction
Authors: Takahashi Masayuki , Ito Kentaro , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Norden Bengt 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLinear dichroism spectroscopy is used to investigate the structure of RecA family recombinase filaments (RecA and Rad51 proteins) with DNA for clarifying the molecular mechanism of DNA strand exchange promoted by these proteins and its activation. The measurements show that the recombinases promote the perpendicular base orientation of single‐stranded DNA only in the presence of activators, indicating the importance of base orientation in the reaction. We summarize the results and discuss the role of DNA base orientation.
Electrochemically Driven Transformation of Olivine LiFePO4 to Olivine NaFePO4 in Cells with Sodium Anode and Carbonate Electrolyte
Authors: Shmatok Yurii , Globa Nataliya , Sirosh Vitalii , Kirillov Sviatoslav 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe direct electrochemical transformation of commercial LiFePO4 to NaxFePO4 olivine in a Na||LiFePO4 electrochemical cell with sodium electrolyte has been studied. Electrolytes containing 1 M of NaClO4 in ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) have been probed, and in the solvents with the ratio of EC:DMC:FEC=0.4:0.5:0.1 by volume, maximal values of the specific capacity (113 mAh g−1) with good cycling stability and maximal discharge currents are achieved upon sodiation. To determine the composition of the cathode material and utilization factor of LiFePO4, the dependence of open circuit voltage on specific capacity has been investigated. The general formula of the sodiation product can be written as Na0.88FePO4. Its theoretic specific capacity may be estimated as 135 mAh g−1. The composition of the products obtained is supported by XRD analysis, which suggests that in discharged cathodes, Coulombic influence of LiFePO4 crystallites on neighboring NaxFePO4 crystallites may enlarge the unit cell of the former and reduce its size of the latter. Probably, shrinkage in the presence of LiFePO4 stabilizes the olivine structure of NaxFePO4 and prevents its transformation from electrochemically active olivine to inactive maricite.
Better Safe Than Sorry. A Scoping Review of Monitoring for Negative Effects in Preregistrations of Psychological Interventions
Authors: Jeckel Jacoba , Thiele Christian , Hirschfeld Gerrit , Teismann Tobias , Schneider Silvia , von Brachel Ruth 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough negative effects of psychological interventions are suspected to be common, they are rarely investigated. Experts and international guidelines agree that monitoring for negative effects in clinical studies is needed to make psychological interventions safer and to empower patients before they give their consent to participate. Therefore, monitoring should already be considered during planning and preregistration of a study. The aim of this scoping review was to find out how frequently studies on psychological interventions monitor their negative effects according to preregistrations and to investigate reasons why monitoring is not carried out. Preregistrations of psychological interventions on ClinicalTrials.gov were scrutinized for information on monitoring of negative effects and other study characteristics. In a survey, researchers of studies where no monitoring was reported were asked for reasons for not doing so. Overall, 2231 preregistrations of psychological interventions were found; of these, only 3.4% included explicit information on monitoring for negative effects. In the survey, more researchers reported having conducted monitoring, although the type of monitoring was often inadequate. The type of monitoring varied widely, and specific monitoring measurements were rarely used repeatedly. Monitoring for negative effects was more prevalent in studies investigating treatments versus low‐threshold interventions, in studies conducted in Europe versus other continents and in more recent studies. Researchers reported lack of knowledge as the most frequent reason for not monitoring negative effects. Our results imply a lack of monitoring and inconsistent information on negative effects in preregistrations, with inconsistent use of the term monitoring and measurements, and a lack of knowledge among researchers. Improved knowledge and a standardized approach, starting with an adequate preregistration, would be helpful to routinely examine negative effects in psychological interventions to make them safer and better.
Recruitment of a threatened foundation oyster species varies with large and small spatial scales
Authors: Leong Rick C. , Bugnot Ana B. , Ross Pauline M. , Erickson Katherine R. , Gibbs Mitchell C. , Marzinelli Ezequiel M. , O'Connor Wayne A. , Parker Laura M. , Poore Alistair G. B. , Scanes Elliot , Gribben Paul E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how habitat attributes (e.g., patch area and sizes, connectivity) control recruitment and how this is modified by processes operating at larger spatial scales is fundamental to understanding population sustainability and developing successful long‐term restoration strategies for marine foundation species—including for globally threatened reef‐forming oysters. In two experiments, we assessed the recruitment and energy reserves of oyster recruits onto remnant reefs of the oyster Saccostrea glomerata in estuaries spanning 550 km of coastline in southeastern Australia. In the first experiment, we determined whether recruitment of oysters to settlement plates in three estuaries was correlated with reef attributes within patches (distances to patch edges and surface elevation), whole‐patch attributes (shape and size of patches), and landscape attributes (connectivity). We also determined whether environmental factors (e.g., sedimentation and water temperature) explained the differences among recruitment plates. We also tested whether differences in energy reserves of recruits could explain the differences between two of the estuaries (one high‐ and one low‐sedimentation estuary). In the second experiment, across six estuaries (three with nominally high and three with nominally low sedimentation rates), we tested the hypothesis that, at the estuary scale, recruitment and survival were negatively correlated to sedimentation. Overall, total oyster recruitment varied mostly at the scale of estuaries rather than with reef attributes and was negatively correlated with sedimentation. Percentage recruit survival was, however, similar among estuaries, although energy reserves and condition of recruits were lower at a high‐ compared to a low‐sediment estuary. Within each estuary, total oyster recruitment increased with patch area and decreased with increasing tidal height. Our results showed that differences among estuaries have the largest influence on oyster recruitment and recruit health and this may be explained by environmental processes operating at the same scale. While survival was high across all estuaries, growth and reproduction of oysters on remnant reefs may be affected by sublethal effects on the health of recruits in high‐sediment estuaries. Thus, restoration programs should consider lethal and sublethal effects of whole‐estuary environmental processes when selecting sites and include environmental mitigation actions to maximize recruitment success.
Using the R package popharvest to assess the sustainability of offtake in birds
Authors: Johnson Fred A. , Eraud Cyril , Francesiaz Charlotte , Zimmerman Guthrie S. , Koneff Mark D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe R package popharvest was designed to help assess the sustainability of offtake in birds when only limited demographic information is available. In this article, we describe some basics of harvest theory and then discuss several considerations when using the different approaches in popharvest to assess whether observed harvests are unsustainable. Throughout, we emphasize the importance of distinguishing between the scientific and policy aspects of managing offtake. The principal product of popharvest is a sustainable harvest index (SHI), which can indicate whether the harvest is unsustainable but not the converse. SHI is estimated based on a simple, scalar model of logistic population growth, whose parameters may be estimated using limited knowledge of demography. Uncertainty in demography leads to a distribution of SHI values and it is the purview of the decision‐maker to determine what amounts to an acceptable risk when failing to reject the null hypothesis of sustainability. The attitude toward risk, in turn, will likely depend on the decision‐maker's objective(s) in managing offtake. The management objective as specified in popharvest is a social construct, informed by biology, but ultimately it is an expression of social values that usually vary among stakeholders. We therefore suggest that any standardization of criteria for management objectives in popharvest will necessarily be subjective and, thus, hard to defend in diverse decision‐making situations. Because of its ease of use, diverse functionalities, and a minimal requirement of demographic information, we expect the use of popharvest to become widespread. Nonetheless, we suggest that while popharvest provides a useful platform for rapid assessments of sustainability, it cannot substitute for sufficient expertise and experience in harvest theory and management.
Hooded Vultures Necrosyrtes monachus are at risk of extinction in Benin: A result of poaching for belief‐based use and decreasing food availability
Authors: Daboné Clément , Adjakpa Jacques Boco , Dansi Mathias Fanou , Thompson Lindy J. , Dissou Florent Essin , Weesie Peter D. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, Hooded Vulture populations in West Africa have decreased substantially. However, in some areas within this region, the species is still relatively abundant. To find out more about the situation in West Africa, we assessed the status of Hooded Vultures in Benin, one of the countries where their status is not well known. We conducted road counts on paved and unpaved roads and along small trails over a total of 1451 km. We also conducted interviews with local abattoir watchmen, veterinarians, butchers and foresters to examine potential threats to this species. A total of 52 Hooded Vultures were counted mostly in the departments of Atacora (32) but also in Alibori (10) and Borgou (10). The relative abundance was four Hooded Vultures per 100 km, highlighting the near extirpation of this bird from Benin. A total of 49 interviews revealed that poaching for belief‐based use (through shooting and traps) and decreasing food availability remain the most important threats for Hooded Vultures in northern Benin. If these threats are not mitigated, we predict the extirpation of the Hooded Vulture outside protected areas in Benin within the next two decades, possibly even sooner. Conservation measures, including awareness campaigns, and the improvement and enforcement of environmental legislation, must be urgently implemented to improve the protection of this Critically Endangered vulture species.
Host evolution shapes gut microbiome composition in Astyanax mexicanus
Authors: Riddle Misty R. , Nguyen Nguyen K. , Nave Maeve , Peuß Robert , Maldonado Ernesto , Rohner Nicolas , Tabin Clifford J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ecological and genetic changes that underlie the evolution of host–microbe interactions remain elusive, primarily due to challenges in disentangling the variables that alter microbiome composition. To understand the impact of host habitat, host genetics, and evolutionary history on microbial community structure, we examined gut microbiomes of river‐ and three cave‐adapted morphotypes of the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, in their natural environments and under controlled laboratory conditions. Field‐collected samples were dominated by very few taxa and showed considerable interindividual variation. We found that lab‐reared fish exhibited increased microbiome richness and distinct composition compared to their wild counterparts, underscoring the significant influence of habitat. Most notably, however, we found that morphotypes reared on the same diet throughout life developed distinct microbiomes suggesting that genetic loci resulting from cavefish evolution shape microbiome composition. We observed stable differences in Fusobacteriota abundance between morphotypes and demonstrated that this could be used as a trait for quantitative trait loci mapping to uncover the genetic basis of microbial community structure.
Hybridization in an isolated population of blesbok and red hartebeest
Authors: van Wyk Anna M. , Schulze Erika , Labuschagne Kim , Thamae Seeng , Kotzé Antoinette , Dalton Desiré Lee 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHybridization in antelope species has been widely reported in South African national parks and provincial reserves as well as on private land due to anthropogenic effects. In a closed management setting, hybridization may occur due to the crossbreeding of closely related species with unequal sex ratios, resulting in either sterile or fertile offspring. In this study, we used molecular techniques to evaluate the risk of anthropogenic hybridization between blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) and red hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus caama) in an isolated group that purposely included the two species with unequal sex ratios (one red hartebeest male and 19 male and female blesbok). Genetic analysis based on microsatellites confirmed the presence of seven hybrid individuals. Mitochondrial analysis verified that hybridization occurred between blesbok females and the red hartebeest male. STRUCTURE and NEWHYBRIDS classified the hybrids as F1. It is suspected that the hybrid individuals were sterile as the males had undeveloped testes and only F1 hybrids were detected. Thus, the risk of hybridization between these two species may be limited in the wild. In captive settings, genetic monitoring should be included in management plans for blesbok and red hartebeest to ensure that the long‐term consequences of wasted reproductive effort are limited.
Interatrial shunt therapy in advanced heart failure: Outcomes from the open‐label cohort of the RELIEVE‐HF trial
Authors: Rodés‐Cabau Josep , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Abraham William T. , Zile Michael R. , Kar Saibal , Bayés‐Genís Antoni , Eigler Neal , Holcomb Richard , Núñez Julio , Lee Elizabeth , Perl Michal Laufer , Moravsky Gil , Pfeiffer Michael , Boehmer John , Gorcsan John , Bax Jeroen J. , Anker Stefan , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: April 2024

AimsHeart failure (HF) outcomes remain poor despite optimal guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT). We assessed safety, effectiveness, and transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) outcomes during the 12 months after Ventura shunt implantation in the RELIEVE‐HF open‐label roll‐in cohort.Methods and resultsEligibility required symptomatic HF despite optimal GDMT with ≥1 HF hospitalization in the prior year or elevated natriuretic peptides. The safety endpoint was device‐related major adverse cardiovascular or neurological events at 30 days, compared to a prespecified performance goal. Effectiveness evaluations included the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and TTE at baseline and 12 months. Overall, 97 patients were enrolled and implanted at 64 sites. Average age was 70 ± 11 years, 97% were in New York Heart Association class III, and half had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%. The safety endpoint was achieved (event rate 0%, p < 0.001). KCCQ overall summary score was improved by 12–16 points at all follow‐up timepoints (all p < 0.004), with similar outcomes in patients with reduced and preserved LVEF. At 12 months, left ventricular end‐systolic and end‐diastolic volumes were reduced (p = 0.020 and p = 0.038, respectively), LVEF improved (p = 0.009), right ventricular end‐systolic and end‐diastolic areas were reduced (p = 0.001 and p = 0.030, respectively), and right ventricular fractional area change (p < 0.001) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (p < 0.001) improved.ConclusionInteratrial shunting with the Ventura device was safe and resulted in favourable clinical effects in patients with HF, regardless of LVEF. Improvements of left and right ventricular structure and function were consistent with reverse myocardial remodelling. These results would support the potential of this shunt device as a treatment for HF.
TBHP: A Sustainable Alternative For Carbon‐Oxygen Bond Formation
Authors: Jyoti  , Devi Suman , Manisha  , Wadhwa Deepak , Sindhu Jayant , Kumar Vikram 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOver past few decades, synthetic chemists are working tirelessly for the development of environmentally benign and economically competent carbon‐oxygen bond formation processes. Various oxidizing reagents and catalysts are being used to serve this purpose. Among all, t‐butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) has emerged as a greener and economically viable oxygen source, radical initiator and precursor of t‐BuO⋅ and t‐BuOO⋅ radicals. It has been extensively utilized as a reagent for the synthesis of epoxides, ketones, secondary alcohols, heterocyclic rings like benzofurans, isoquinoline and many more. The present review will unfold the recent advancements made in the field of TBHP‐promoted C−O bond formation.
Modeling and analysis method for carbon emission flow in integrated energy systems considering energy quality
Authors: Li Jiaxi , Zhou Zhuomin , Wen Bo , Zhang Xinyang , Wen Ming , Huang Hongyi , Yu Zongchao , Liu Yuchong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile proposing dual carbon strategy goals, research on carbon reduction in integrated energy systems (IESs) has become a focus of attention. Traditional IES carbon emission flow is mostly based on energy flow, without considering the differences in energy quality. Exergy can be used as a reasonable measure of energy quality. Combining the theory of exergy flow and carbon emission flow, a modeling and analysis method for IES carbon emission flow considering energy quality is proposed. First, exergy flow models for electric and natural gas systems, equivalent exergy flow models for heat systems, and exergy hub models are introduced. Afterward, the exergy branch losses are allocated to the nodes at both ends. A networked modeling method for the carbon emission flow of energy stations is proposed. A unified matrix calculation model for IES carbon emission flow considering energy quality is established. On this basis, an IES carbon emission flow calculation method considering energy quality is proposed. Finally, this method is applied to the test IES, and the results show that the carbon emission flow calculation results reflect the distribution of carbon emissions borne by the effective energy supplied by the source and consumed by the load in the system, taking into account both the quantity and quality of energy. The reasonable allocation of new energy is conducive to synchronously improving the energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and cleanliness of the system.
Edible bird's nest alleviates pneumonia caused by tobacco smoke inhalation through the TNFR1/NF‐κB/NLRP3 pathway
Authors: Bi Ran , Zhang Dan , Quan Rui , Lin Xiaoxian , Zhang Wen , Li Chuangang , Yuan Man , Fang Bing , Wang Dongliang , Li Yixuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExposure to cigarette smoke directly damages the lungs and causes lung inflammation. The anti‐inflammatory properties of edible bird's nest (EBN) have been reported. We aimed to determine the effect of EBN on pneumonia in a mouse model exposed to cigarette smoke. Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control, model, positive drug, low‐dose EBN, and high‐dose EBN groups (n = 10 each). Except for the control group, the mice in each group were exposed to four cigarettes once a day for 8 days. In addition, we validated the effects of EBN on A549 cells and investigated the mechanism by which EBN alleviates lung inflammation. Edible bird's nest (EBN) could alleviate the structural damage of lung tissue and the smoke‐induced inflammatory response in mice. The best effect was observed at the high dose of EBN (0.019 g). The mice treated with EBN had a stronger ability than those in the model group to resist cigarette smoke stimulation, as indicated by a decrease in serum and lung inflammatory markers (interleukin 6 [IL‐6], tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α], and interleukin 8 [IL‐8]), an increase in serum interleukin 10 (IL‐10) levels, and a decrease in the expression of inflammasome NOD‐like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3). In addition, our cell experiments showed that EBN attenuated cigarette smoke‐induced pulmonary inflammation mainly by inhibiting the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1)/nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB)/NLRP3 pathway. These findings provide theoretical evidence for the positive nutritional qualities of EBN for the lung by demonstrating that it inhibits the TNFR1/NF‐κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which prevents the development of cigarette smoke‐induced pulmonary inflammation.