bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 expression in basal and squamous cell carcinomas compared with normal skin
Authors: Dastgheib Ladan , Monabati Ahmad , Mohammadian Amanollah , Sari‐Aslani Fatemeh , Marzban Saeed , Namazi Mohammad R. 
Published: November 2008

Proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR‐2) is a transmembrane G‐protein expressed in many normal tissues and overexpressed in several cancer cell lines. It contributes to metastasis, promotes epidermal growth factor receptor proliferation, angiogenesis and tumor progression in many carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of PAR‐2 in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in comparison with that of normal skin.Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PAR‐2 was examined using paraffin‐embedded sections from 30 BCCs, 30 SCCs and also 30 normal sun‐exposed skin specimens. PAR‐2 was expressed in all specimens of SCC and normal skin. In marked contrast, all BCC specimens had negative IHC staining. Given the important role of PAR‐2 in angiogenesis and metastasis, our finding can explain the far less aggressive behavior of BCC as compared with SCC.
Lobular panniculitis at the site of subcutaneous interferon beta injections for the treatment of multiple sclerosis can histologically mimic pancreatic panniculitis. A study of 12 cases
Authors: Ball Nigel J. , Cowan Bryce J. , Hashimoto Stanley A. 
Published: November 2008

Background:  Thrombosis, mucinosis and necrosis are well‐described complications of subcutaneous interferon beta injections.Methods:  We report 12 incisional biopsies from subcutaneous interferon beta injection sites in 12 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients from a single neurologist’s practice.Results:  We identified abscesses (two cases) or induration (two cases) in acute clinical lesions and lipoatrophy (eight cases) in chronic lesions (biopsied over a year after symptom onset at injection sites). Biopsies from three acute lesions showed vascular thrombosis, dermal mucinosis, lobular neutrophilic panniculitis, necrosis, calcification and hemosiderin deposition (biopsied 2 weeks to 2 months after symptom onset). Two cases contained sterile abscesses. Five of the eight chronic cases presented as hard, indurated lipoatrophy with livedo reticularis. Their biopsies showed subcutaneous calcification and lipoatrophy. Biopsies from the early calcific suppurative and late calcific atrophic phases histologically resembled the early and late phases of subcutaneous saponification in pancreatic panniculitis.Conclusions:  Reactions at the site of subcutaneous interferon beta injections are common. Lipoatrophy can be clinically identified in 39 of 85 MS patients (46%) receiving subcutaneous interferon beta injections for 1 year or longer in our practice. A reaction to interferon should be considered in the differential diagnosis of biopsies that show features of pancreatic panniculitis.
Serial light microscopy of experimental phytophotodermatitis in animal model
Authors: Jorge Valeria M. , De Almeida Hiram L. , Amado Milton 
Published: November 2008

Background:  Phytophotodermatitis (PPD) is a common phototoxic eruption, but very little information is available about its histological aspects, as the diagnosis is clinically established.Methods:  The epilated right half of the back of four albino rats was sprayed with peel juice of Tahiti lemon, one quadrant was exposed to sunlight for 5 min and the other for 8 min. The left back served as control. Biopsies were taken after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h in both sides.Results:  The first six time intervals showed a normal epidermis in both sides. After 24 h, the area with peel lemon juice showed keratinocyte necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization and spongiosis in all rats, independent of the exposure time. The control side showed isolated keratinocyte necrosis with only 8 min of exposure. After 48 h, erythema is evident and strong vacuolization was observed, which progresses to sub‐ or intraepidermal blisters. After 72 h, the erythema persisted and histological findings were less intense.Conclusions:  PPD can be successfully reproduced in rat skin. After 24 h spongiosis, vacuolization and keratinocyte necrosis are observed, clinically there are no changes. After 48 h, erythema appears with intra‐ and subepidermal blistering.
Correlation of BCR/ABL transcript variants with patients’ characteristics in childhood chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Adler Ronald , Viehmann Susanne , Kuhlisch Eberhard , Martiniak Yvonne , Röttgers Silja , Harbott Jochen , Suttorp Meinolf 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground and objective:  The characteristic chromosomal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) mainly results in the two different BCR/ABL fusion transcripts b2a2 or b3a2. Both transcript variants can occur simultaneously due to alternative splicing of the b3a2 transcript. Conflicting results have been reported on the influence of the transcripts on haematological findings at diagnosis and the course of the disease in adults while data concerning these topics on childhood CML are still missing. This paper reports on a correlation of BCR/ABL transcript variants with patients’ characteristics in childhood CML.Design and methods:  Transcript types were determined in 146 paediatric patients with CML enrolled in trial CML‐paed‐I. Fifty‐five patients (38%) expressed b2a2, 53 patients (36%) b3a2 and 38 patients (26%) both transcripts, respectively. These findings were correlated with patients’ characteristics (sex, age, WBC, Hb, platelet count, hepatosplenomegaly, etc.) assessed at diagnosis.Results:  While the co‐expression of both transcripts was evenly distributed among genders [b2a2 + b3a2: 22 females (28%), 16 males (24%)] a highly significant difference (P = 0.007) was found concerning the expression of the b2a2 transcript [34 male (51%) vs. 21 female (27%)] and vice versa of the b3a2 transcript [17 male (25%) vs. 36 female (45%)]. High platelet counts and the combination of high platelet counts in conjunction with pronounced leukocytosis were observed more often in patients expressing the b3a2 transcript.Conclusions:  These findings demonstrate that in children like in adults specific BCR/ABL transcript types present at diagnosis are associated with distinct haematological alterations (e.g. a high platelet count with the transcript b3a2). However, the sex‐dependent skewed distribution of the BCR/ABL transcript types observed so far in this paediatric cohort only deserves further investigation.
Relative contribution of caries and periodontal disease in adult tooth loss among patients reporting to the Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, India
Authors: Shigli Kamal , Hebbal Mamata , Angadi Gangadhar Shivappa 
Published: November 2008

Objectives:  To examine the reasons for tooth loss in an adult population.Methods:  Patients who reported to the department of prosthodontics in Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, located in the north‐western part of the state of Karnataka, in the southern region of India over a period of 2 months, with at least one missing tooth (excluding third molars) constituted the sample size. There were a total of 365 patients (185 females and 180 males) within the age group of 16–84 years (mean age 51.06 ± 16.47 years) who fulfilled this criterion. Socio‐demographic profile was recorded along with a clinical examination for assessing the number and pattern of tooth loss. The reasons for tooth loss were recorded according to the history reported by the patient.Results:  In the present study of 365 patients, 58.9% of the patients were completely edentulous, 41% were partially dentate, of which 20.8% had lost their teeth from caries, 11% from periodontal disease and 9.3% from a combination of reasons. More females had lost their teeth because of dental caries whereas more males had lost their teeth because of periodontal disease, this being statistically significant. (χ2 = 16.53, p = 0.001). Highly significant results were obtained for age and reasons for tooth loss. (χ2 = 150.39, p < 0.001). Irrespective of the socio‐economic status, dental caries was the most common cause for tooth loss in partially dentate patients though it was not statistically significant (χ2 = 13.62, p = 0.325). Mandibular first molars were the teeth most frequently lost due to dental caries. The maxillary left central incisor was most frequently lost due to periodontal disease, followed by the maxillary right central incisor.Conclusions:  Since both dental caries and periodontal disease contributed to tooth loss at different ages, risk indicators need to be identified.
Effects of Amburoside A and Isokaempferide, Polyphenols fromAmburana cearensis, on Rodent Inflammatory Processes and Myeloperoxidase Activity in Human Neutrophils
Authors: Leal Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira , Canuto Kirley Marques , Da Silva Costa Kassiane Cristine , Nobre‐Júnior Hélio Vitoriano , Vasconcelos Silvânia Mendes , Silveira Edilberto Rocha , Ferreira Márcia Valéria Pitombeira , Fontenele Juvênia Bezerra , Andrade Geane Matos , De Barros Viana Glauce Socorro 
Published: November 2008

Abstract:  The present study evaluated the anti‐inflammatory activity of amburoside A (a phenol glucoside) and isokaempferide (a flavonol) isolated from the trunk bark ofAmburana cearensis, a medicinal plant used in northeast Brazil for the treatment of asthma. Animals (male Wistar rats or Swiss mice) pre‐treated with amburoside A (25 and 50 mg/kg) or isokaempferide (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg), orally or intraperitoneally, showed a significant inhibition of the paw oedema induced by carrageenan (1%), prostaglandin E2(30 nmol/paw), histamine (200 µg/paw) or serotonin (200 µg/paw). Histological and morphometric evaluations of the rat paw oedema induced by carrageenan showed that amburoside A and isokaempferide also inhibited the accumulation of inflammatory cells. Amburoside A reduced significantly the paw oedema and the increase in vascular permeability induced by dextran, as related to the control group. Similar results were observed with the isokaempferide pre‐treatment. Furthermore, amburoside A or isokaempferide inhibited both leucocyte and neutrophil migrations, in mouse peritoneal cavity, after the carrageenan injection. The polyphenols were not cytotoxic and blocked N‐formyl‐methyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine‐induced myeloperoxidase release and activity in human neutrophils. In addition, amburoside A and isokaempferide at 50 and 100 µg/ml concentrations reduced significantly the lipopolysaccharide‐mediated increase in tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels. These results provide, for the first time, evidence to support the anti‐inflammatory activity of amburoside A and isokaempferide that seems to be related to an inhibition of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF‐α, as well as histamine, serotonin and prostaglandin E2, besides leucocyte infiltration in a dose‐ or concentration‐dependent manner. These anti‐inflammatory effects can be explained, at least in part, by the ability of these compounds to reduce neutrophil degranulation, myeloperoxidase activity, mediators as well as TNF‐α secretion.
The Effect of Behçet’s Disease on Sexual Function and Psychiatric Status of Premenopausal Women
Authors: Koçak Mukadder , Başar M. Murad , Vahapoğlu Güler , Mert H. Çağatay , Güngör Şule 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Little is known about the relationship between Behçet’s disease (BD) and female sexual dysfunction (FSD).

Aims
The aims were to evaluate the prevalence of FSD in premenopausal BD patients and to compare hormonal and psychiatric conditions to healthy subjects.

Methods
A total of 71 married women with BD and 63 healthy married women between 18 and 44 years old were enrolled into the study. After evaluating detailed history and physical examination, serum steroid hormone levels were measured. Presence of genital ulcerations in physical examination and any medical treatment were recorded in patients. All subjects were asked to complete the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for sexual status and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for psychiatric assessment.

Main Outcomes Measures
FSFI and BDI scores and serum sex steroid hormone levels were measured in women with BD and healthy controls.

Results
The mean BDI score of patients was significantly greater than that for controls (P = 0.001), and there was a statistically significant difference between BDI scores (Pearson χ2 = 19.109, P = 0.001). FSD was found in 34 patients with BD (47.9%) and in 11 controls (17.5%). A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (Pearson χ2 = 13.855, P = 0.001). While the most common sexual problem in the patients with BD was diminished arousal (n = 49, 69.0%), diminished desire was found in 32 patients (45.1%) and lubrication problems in 36 patients (50.7%). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between BDI and FSFI score in BD patients. On the contrary, there was no relationship between FSFI and presence of genital ulcerations.

Conclusion
FSD is more common in BD patients than in healthy subjects. We conclude that depressive mood according to the BDI scale correlates with the sexual status of BD patients, and this may be because of the depressive effect of BD as a chronic disease.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Lodenafil Carbonate for Oral Therapy in Erectile Dysfunction: A Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Glina Sidney , Toscano Iderpol , Gomatzky Celso , De Góes Plínio Moreira , Júnior Archimedes Nardozza , Claro Joaquim Francisco de Almeida , Pagani Eduardo 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Oral treatment with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5) is considered the first-line treatment for patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). Lodenafil carbonate (LC) is a novel PDE5.

Aim
This is a phase II, prospective, randomized, double-blind, and placebo controlled clinical trial of LC.

Main Outcome Measures
Efficacy end points were International Index of Sexual Function (IIEF) erectile domain, IIEF questions 3 and 4, and Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) questions 2 and 3, before and after the use of LC or placebo.

Methods
Seventy-two men older than 18 years, with ED for at least 6 months with stable sexual relationship were enrolled. Patients were randomized to placebo or LC 80 mg, 40 mg, or 20 mg and followed for 4 weeks.

Results
IIEF erectile domain scores before and after the use of medications were (mean ± standard deviation [SD]): placebo: 11.9 ± 3.4 and 12.6 ± 5.5; LC 20 mg: 15.8 ± 4.1 and 18.9 ± 6.6; LC 40 mg: 11.9 ± 4.4 and 15.4 ± 8.1; LC 80 mg: 14.2 ± 4.7 and 22.8 ± 6.0 (anovaP &lt; 0.01). The SEP-2 scores before and after the use of medications were (Mean ± SD): placebo: 71.0 ± 33.1 and 51.2 ± 43.1; LC 20 mg 70.3 ± 34.2 and 75.5 ± 31.5; LC 40 mg: 48.4 ± 42.1 and 60.8 ± 42.5; LC 80 mg: 68.6 ± 33.5 and 89.6 ± 26.0. The SEP-3 scores were: placebo 23.3 ± 27.6 and 33.6 ± 42.3; LC 20 mg: 32.3 ± 38.9 and 51.2 ± 41.7; LC 40 mg: 39.7 ± 44.7 and 46.7 ± 41.1; LC 80 mg* 17.2 ± 29.5 and 74.3 ± 36.4 (*P &lt; 0.05 for difference to placebo).

Conclusions
The drug was well tolerated. Adverse reactions were mild and self-limited and included headache, rhinitis, flushing, color visual disorders, and dyspepsia. This study showed that the dosage of 80 mg of LC was significantly more efficacious than placebo and well tolerated.
The Novel Antioxidant, AC3056 (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-((Dimethyl-4-Methoxyphenylsilyl)Methyloxy)Phenol), Reverses Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats and Improves NO-mediated Responses in Penile Tissue from Diabetic Men
Authors: Angulo Javier , Peiró Concepción , Cuevas Pedro , Gabancho Sonia , Fernández Argentina , González-Corrochano Rocío , La Fuente José M. , Baron Alain D. , Chen Kim S. , De Tejada Iñigo Sáenz 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTIntroductionDiabetes is associated with a high incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and poor response to standard treatments. Oxidative stress could be relevant in the pathophysiology of diabetic ED.AimTo evaluate the effects of the antioxidant, AC3056 (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-((dimethyl-4-methoxyphenylsilyl)methyloxy)phenol), on diabetic ED.MethodsErectile responses to cavernosal nerve electrical stimulation were determined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Relaxation of human corpus cavernosal (HCC) tissue and penile resistance arteries (HPRA) from human cavernosal specimens was evaluated in organ chambers and myographs, respectively.Main Outcome MeasuresThe influence of AC3056 on erectile responses, lipid peroxidation, and nitrite plus nitrate serum content, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression in penile tissue, in diabetic rats, and on endothelium-dependent and neurogenic relaxation of HCC and HPRA from diabetic patients was determined.ResultsEight weeks of diabetes caused ED in rats that was prevented by oral AC3056 (0.3% w/w in rat chow) when given from the induction of diabetes. AC3056 also prevented the diabetes-induced elevation of serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), the reduction of serum nitric oxide (NO) derivatives, and the increase of NF-κB expression. Acute oral administration of AC3056 (450 mg/kg) partially reversed ED in 8-week diabetic rats. Complete reversion of ED was achieved after 3 days of treatment with 0.3% AC3056. This effect remained after 5 weeks of treatment, but it disappeared after withdrawing for 1 week. Erectile function in diabetic rats was inversely related to serum TBARS. AC3056- (30 µM) reversed endothelial dysfunction in diabetic HCC and enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation in diabetic HPRA and significantly potentiated neurogenic relaxation of both tissues. The reduced cGMP content in HCC from diabetic patients after exposure to acetylcholine (10 µM) was corrected by AC3056 (30 µM).ConclusionsThese results suggest that oxidative stress has a relevant role in pathophysiology of diabetic ED and provide a rationale for the use of antioxidant therapy in the treatment of ED in diabetes.
Acquired tolerance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Micro‐Tom) plants to cadmium‐induced stress
Authors: Gratão P.L. , Monteiro C.C. , Antunes A.M. , Peres L.E.P. , Azevedo R.A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe effects of varying concentrations of cadmium (Cd) on the development of Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Micro‐Tom (MT) plants were investigated after 40 days (vegetative growth) and 95 days (fruit production), corresponding to 20 days and 75 days of exposure to CdCl2, respectively. Inhibition of growth was clearly observed in the leaves after 20 days and was greater after 75 days of growth in 1 mM CdCl2, whereas the fruits exhibited reduced growth following the exposure to a concentration as low as 0.1 mM CdCl2. Cd was shown to accumulate in the roots after 75 days of growth but was mainly translocated to the upper parts of the plants accumulating to high concentrations in the fruits. Lipid peroxidation was more pronounced in the roots even at 0.05 mM CdCl2 after 75 days, whereas in leaves, there was a major increase after 20 days of exposure to 1 mM CdCl2, but the fruit only exhibited a slight significant increase in lipid peroxidation in plants subjected to 1 mM CdCl2 when compared with the control. Oxidative stress was also investigated by the analysis of four key antioxidant enzymes, which exhibited changes in response to the increasing concentrations of Cd tested. Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activity was shown to increase after 75 days of Cd treatment, but the major increases were observed at 0.1 and 0.2 mM CdCl2, whereas guaiacol peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) did not vary significantly from the control in leaves and roots apart from specific changes at 0.5 and 1 mM CdCl2. The other two enzymes tested, glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), did not exhibit any significant changes in activity, apart from a slight decrease in SOD activity at concentrations above 0.2 mM CdCl2. However, the most striking results were obtained when an extra treatment was used in which a set of plants was subjected to a stepwise increase in CdCl2 from 0.05 to 1 mM, leading to tolerance of the Cd applied even at the final highest concentration of 1 mM. This apparent adaptation to the toxic effect of Cd was confirmed by biomass values being similar to the control, indicating a tolerance to Cd acquired by the MT plants.
Radiographic appearance of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in 23 cats
Authors: Benigni L. , Morgan N. , Lamb C. R. 
Published: November 2008

Objective: To describe the radiographic appearance of pulmonary oedema in cats with cardiac failure. Methods: Thoracic radiographs of 23 cats presented to a first opinion practice with signs of cardiac failure were reviewed. All cats had tachypnoea and/or dyspnoea and enlarged left atrium on echocardiography. Results: Pulmonary oedema was characterised radiographically by an increased opacity associated with a range of patterns and variable distribution. All cats had evidence of a reticular or granular interstitial pattern. This occurred in combination with alveolar pattern in 19 (83 per cent) cats, including six with air bronchograms, with increased diameter of pulmonary vessels in 16 (71 per cent) cats and with bronchial pattern in 14 (61 per cent) cats. The distribution of pulmonary oedema was considered to be diffuse/non‐uniform in 14 (61 per cent) cats, diffuse/uniform in four (17 per cent) cats, multi‐focal in four (17 per cent) cats and focal in the remaining one (4 per cent). Nine (39 per cent) cats were considered to have a regional distribution of oedema, including five (22 per cent) with a ventral distribution, three (13 per cent) with a caudal distribution and one (4 per cent) cat with a hilar distribution. The distribution of pulmonary opacities was bilaterally symmetrical in five (22 per cent) cats. Clinical Significance: The variable appearance of feline pulmonary oedema is likely to complicate its radiographic diagnosis.
Spectrum of computed tomographic findings in 58 canine elbows with fragmentation of the medial coronoid process
Authors: Groth A. M. , Benigni L. , Moores A. P. , Lamb C. R. 
Published: November 2008

Objective:To describe in detail the computed tomographic findings in elbows of dogs with fragmentation of the medial coronoid process of the ulna.Methods:Retrospective review of computed tomographic images of 58 elbows that had displaced medial coronoid process fragment(s), non‐displaced medial coronoid process fragment or a stable fissure in the articular cartilage of the medial coronoid process at arthroscopy.Results:Bone fragments were observed in 85 per cent elbows with a displaced fragment at arthroscopy, in 18 per cent elbows with a non‐displaced fragment and in 29 per cent elbows with a stable fissure. Fissures in the subchondral bone were observed in computed tomographic images of 43 per cent elbows that had a stable fissure at arthroscopy. Abnormal shape, sclerosis and lucency affecting the medial coronoid process, subchondral sclerosis of the ulna and humerus, irregular radial incisure of the ulna and periarticular osteophytes were observed in a similar proportion in dogs regardless of the arthroscopic findings. Kissing lesions affecting the medial aspect of the humeral condyle were mainly associated with displaced fragments. Signs of joint incongruity were observed in dorsal and sagittal reconstructed computed tomographic images in 24 per cent elbows.ClinicalSignificance:A wide range of abnormalities may be observed in computed tomographic images of dogs with fragmented medial coronoid process. Computed tomographic is moderately sensitive for detection of fragments.