bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Russellian Speculations
Authors: Stoljar Daniel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter explores Russell’s idea that reflection on the nature of scientific inquiry prompts a version of the ignorance hypothesis, an idea much discussed in contemporary philosophy. As interpreted here, Russell’s idea is that empirical inquiry acquaints only with relational or dispositional features of physical objects, rather than their categorical or intrinsic features. A version of the epistemic view based on this idea is explicated.
Objections and Replies
Authors: Stoljar Daniel 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Two objections to the epistemic view are addressed. According to the first, the epistemic view is mistaken because if the problem at issue is understood correctly, we are in possession of the relevant truths. According to the second, the epistemic view is mistaken because it has a range of alarming side effects, some of which have been suggested by proponents of the view themselves. These objections raise important questions, but it is suggested that reflection on them strengthens, rather than weakens, the epistemic view.
A Posteriori Entailment
Authors: Stoljar Daniel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter presents the view that the supervenience of the experiential on the non-experiential is irreducibly a posteriori — the a posteriori entailment view. The main problem for this view emerges when we notice that Kripke, the philosopher who did most to make it prominent, also considered and rejected it. The lesson of Kripke’s discussion on this point is that the mere idea of a posteriori entailment does not solve the problem of experience, and therefore that a proponent of the a posteriori entailment view is obliged to add further material. On the other hand, an examination of what this further material might be yields the result that either the a posteriori entailment view has no answer to the arguments, or else collapses into the epistemic view.
Introduction
Authors: Stoljar Daniel 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
The main position to be defended and debated in this book — called “the epistemic view” — can be stated by first formulating a hypothesis about our epistemic situation that the author calls “the ignorance hypothesis”, which says that we are ignorant of a type of non-experiential truth relevant to the nature of experience. In the light of this hypothesis, the epistemic view says, first that if the ignorance hypothesis is true, the problem of experience or consciousness is solved, and, second, that the view is true. The reader is also introduced to the example of the slugs and tiles — the main aid to thought in the book.
Paul in Israel's Story
Authors: Meech John L. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
The self has become a problem in postmodern thought, and this problem poses a sharp challenge for dialogue between Christians and others who tell different stories of self and community. A healthy suspicion of the self’s transcendence lets the self approach the other in humility, but what can create the community where the self and other can embrace? Paul was humbled before Christ, yet to embrace the crucified Christ in one community he had to retell his community’s story. Can the Church today repeat Paul’s costly embrace? Paul in Israel’s Story addresses the problem of the self in community in a theological hermeneutics that brings together recent biblical scholarship and constructive theology. Proponents and critics of the new perspective on Paul join philosophers in an ongoing conversation about selfhood. Paul’s story extends Paul Ricoeur’s “hermeneutics of the self” into stories of communities; hermeneutics deepens our sense of Paul’s “I have been crucified with Christ” and “Christ lives in me”. Linking hermeneutics with Paul’s story is a critical engagement with Rudolf Bultmann. Avoiding the stark either/or that can characterize critiques of Bultmann, the book reconceives demythologizing as an ongoing conversation about how to embrace the other from out of the past in one community. It concludes by situating the communal self in a contextual framework built on Jürgen Moltmann’s “community in Christ” and Robert Jenson’s pneumatology. This framework carries communal selfhood into interreligious and ecumenical dialogue, ecclesiology, and pneumatology. Just as retelling Israel’s story challenged Paul’s self-understanding, Paul in Israel’s Story challenges us to risk our reliable understandings of self and community to embrace Christ crucified and the other in Christ.
Rudolf Bultmann's Story of Paul: The Detour Not Taken
Authors: Meech John L. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Should Paul’s communal sense of self remain in any sense normative for us, or is it simply an outmoded husk we should shell to get at the kernel? This chapter argues, rather, that to embrace Paul as another we must take a final detour to the self through community: We must interpret Paul’s horizon, interpret our own horizon, and narrate the continuity between the two as the historical life of one community. The chapter argues that Rudolf Bultmann’s attempt to avoid this detour on appeal to a transcendental self cannot be sustained. Yet two crucial aspects of Bultmann’s work are retrieved: First, a phenomenological account articulates the transcendence of self and other in the encounter with the risen Lord. Second, a variant of demythologizing bridges the gap between Paul’s context and ours — but a demythologizing that invites greater suspicion of our own framework while affirming the work of the Spirit in our community.
Narrative Expresses Being: An Ontology of the Self in Community
Authors: Meech John L. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Narrative articulates the self, yet the self is not its narrative. Is there a discourse that is not just another narrative but that can articulate the being of the self? At the end of his hermeneutics of the self, Ricoeur constructs a multi-layered ontology of the self whose fragmented nature reflects the halting path of the itinerary. Yet after certain extraordinary encounters (like Paul’s encounter with the crucified and resurrected Christ) the community’s story may have to be retold to let the suffering other come into phrases. How does an ontology of the self fare in such encounters? This chapter argues that an ontology of the self is the correlate of a conversation in a community. The real that resists being interpreted otherwise can only be articulated properly when one considers simultaneously the self, the other and the community in which they meet — a community that, correlatively, only appears where self and other meet. Such an ontology of the self in community could be superseded, but only at the expense of a profound challenge to the community’s self-understanding.
Conclusion: The Crucified and Resurrected Self
Authors: Meech John L. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
To correlate the ontology of the self in community with Paul’s communal self is to affirm what we share with Paul while acknowledging our real distance from him. This correlation responds to two interrelated questions. First, how can the ontology help us to understand Paul? Second, how can the ontology help us to let Paul address us again? The chapter responds to these questions, first by correlating Rudolf Bultmann’s account of Pauline anthropology with the ontology of the self in community. How is such a correlation justified? In conversation with Jürgen Moltmann and Robert Jenson, the chapter concludes with a theological account of interpretation in community: Paul can speak again in our interpretations because we live with him in the community of the living and dead in Christ, and because the Spirit of Christ is the subject of the conversation in our community.
Thérèse of Lisieux
Authors: Nevin Thomas R. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Thérèse of Lisieux (1873-1897), also known as St. Thérèse of the Child Jesus and the Holy Face, and popularly referred to as the Little Flower, is arguably one of the most beloved women in modern history. A Carmelite nun, doctor of the church, and patron of a score of causes, she was famously acclaimed by Pope Pius X as the greatest saint of modern times, and called a living icon of God by Pope John Paul II. Her autobiography, Story of a Soul, has been translated into more than sixty languages. Having long transcended national and linguistic boundaries, she has crossed even religious ones; as daughter of Allah, she is venerated widely in Islamic cultures. This book draws on previously untapped archival sources from the Carmel of Lisieux, numerous untranslated documents, formative texts of Carmelite spirituality, childhood readings, and unpublished photographs to provide a portrait of the saint's life and thoughts. It explores the dynamics of her family life and the early development of her spirituality, drawing on the correspondence of her mother and documenting her influence on Thérèse's autobiography and spirituality. It also charts the development of Thérèse 's career as a writer and gives close attention to her poetry and plays usually dismissed as undistinguished arguing that they have great value as texts by which she addressed and informed her Carmelite community.
On Her Mother
Authors: Nevin Thomas R. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the life of Thérèse's mother, Zélie, who died of breast cancer. She was an inspiration to Thérèse who, within Carmel, had not only the maternal load of training novices but undertook on her own to approach and deal with a few Carmelites who were standoffish or unsociable. Zélie continued posthumously as mother to Thérèse through the stories Thérèse heard and the saved letters she read while writing her first manuscript.
Tubercular
Authors: Nevin Thomas R. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This chapter addresses the following questions: what was the nature and what the course of the diseases which afflicted Thérèse? What did French medical practitioners in her time know about these diseases? How did Thérèse respond to these diseases and make them integral to her spirituality? What distinguishes Thérèse as a tubercular patient from almost everyone else who has left a record of facing this illness is that she welcomed it. In the seeking of Christ, her attentiveness to suffering had suddenly been pointed to its apogee, its final sense. She had for years sensed that she would not live long and now that tacit awareness had found dramatic confirmation. Far more important, however, is the fact that this pulmonary affliction came concurrently with her maturing spirituality and perhaps informed it in recondite ways.
Introduction: Vices and Virtue‐Theory
Authors: Taylor Gabriele 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the vices considered in this essay, namely, sloth, envy, avarice, pride, anger, lust, and gluttony. It argues that these so-called ‘deadly sins’ were correctly named and correctly classed together. Irrespective of their theological background, they are similar in structure in that the agent’s thoughts and desires, while differing in content depending on the vice in question, focus primarily on the self and its position in the world. They are similar also in that in each case they are destructive of that self and prevent its flourishing.
Envy and Covetousness
Authors: Taylor Gabriele 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the miserly avaricious. It is argued that the miserly avaricious defeat their own purposes. The possession of money, which is supposed to be of such value to them does, on the contrary, lead to frustration. They live in a shrinking world and lose control over their lives, for they are at the mercy of their dominating desire. In all its forms, vicious envy spoils the good it covets. In this, as in other respects, the structural features of this vice resemble those of avarice. As in the case of avarice, the desired good is not the superficially obvious one, namely, others’ and one’s own possessions, respectively. The object of their desire is a more fundamental one, namely the self under a specific description.
Self and Self‐Consciousness
Authors: Taylor Gabriele 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This chapter explores the nature of self and self-consciousness. The self is that which gives a person her identity as she herself sees it, and that means that she has sufficient complexity to be able to form intentions, to evaluate and select. Self-consciousness is itself constitutive of the self, and constituent of the self are consequently evaluations and decisions about what it is worthwhile to do and what to avoid, about the sort of life one wants to lead, and the kind of person one wants to be. The interdependence of the elements of the shape of experiences means that they will be ‘edited’, that some experiences will be seen as important and others as negligible according to how they fit into existing frameworks of beliefs and inclinations.
A Critique of Expressivism
Authors: Thomas Alan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter examines the expressive/projective strategy, which covers a family of views with interrelated common themes. The two most highly developed themes, norm expressivism (defended by Allan Gibbard) and projectivism (defended by Simon Blackburn), are considered. Both focus on the crucial issue of how we should understand our desire to explain the ethical within a generally naturalistic framework. One way in which the theories discussed in this chapter differ from earlier forms of non-cognitivism is that they are intended to constitute a general theory of normativity, which, while it is supposed to bolster some of the intuitions underlying the prevalent conception of value, does not exactly match the extension of that term. The non-cognitivists discussed in this chapter operate with a descriptive/normative distinction, not a fact/value distinction.
Non‐Objectivism and Internal Realism
Authors: Thomas Alan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter discusses the non-objectivist position. The non-objectivist argument emerges from an immanent, transcendental placing of the various ways in which we conceive of different areas of thought or language. Rather than announcing itself as a sceptical conclusion, the sceptical line of reflection that emerges can be allowed, in Tractarian fashion, to show its truth. It is in this way that the non-objectivist critique emerges as the most powerful means of undermining the cognitivist argument traced so far. Underpinned by a worked-out programme in the philosophy of truth, namely minimalism, non-objectivism is also powered by a distinctive vision of a modern society.
Political Liberalism and Civic Republicanism
Authors: Thomas Alan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter addresses the unresolved problem for Rawls described at the end of the previous chapter. The problem is that given the demanding nature of the duty of mutual restraint invoked when citizens deliberate about constitutional and legislative fundamentals, some account is necessary of how people are actually motivated to act in accordance with such a demanding ideal of citizenship. It is argued that the problem can be solved by extending political liberalism to cover a specific set of claims drawn from the republican tradition.
Crisis, Stabilization, and Economic Reform
Authors: Bruno Michael 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis book examines the phenomenon of the high inflation processes of the 1970s and 1980s as exemplified by Argentina, Brazil, and Israel. It explores the common characteristics of such processes and their possible cures — with some emphasis on the lessons of the Israeli experience in respect of the role of incomes policy and the political economy of stabilization. The discussion of the theoretical underpinnings of ‘shock’ treatments provides a good example for the blending of a number of disciplines: lessons of economic history, open economy monetary and macro theory, game-theory applications to economic policy design (concepts such as dynamic inconsistency, government reputation, and credibility), and the rationalization of incomes policy.
High Inflation, Growth Crisis, and Reform: Historical Perspective and Brief Overview
Authors: Bruno Michael 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter begins with a comparison of the recent inflationary experiences of heavily indebted and middle-income countries. It then discusses the historical antecedents of high inflation rates, chronic high inflation in recent history, the emergence of the ‘heterodox’ approach to stabilization, and structural crisis and reform. An overview of the chapters included in this volume is presented.
The Gathering Storm: Israel's Structural Crisis in the 1970s
Authors: Bruno Michael 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter examines Israel’s structural crisis during the early 1970s. It covers the growth and development of business sector GDP, an international comparison of growth and inflation, the government budget, the increase in internal and external debt, and the impact of high government expenditures. It is shown that every aspect of public-sector policy — including its transfer policy and high taxation, the misallocation of labour force, and distorted subsidization of private investment — were all working in the direction of hampering sound economic growth. Moreover, the government’s own lack of restraint had a direct behavioural impact on the response of economic units in the private sector.
Preparing for a Comprehensive Stabilization Programme 1981–1985: Doctrinal Debates, Politics, and Trial by Error
Authors: Bruno Michael 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter examines the political economy of failed partial attempts to stabilize, and the reasons for delays in the implementation of a heterodox programme, which was proposed in different versions since the beginning of 1981. Inherent risk aversion and short-term planning horizons of politicians as well as inconclusive professional debates amongst economists each played their respective delaying roles in the process, culminating in the economic and political impasse that led to the design and final implementation of the shock-stabilization programme in 1985.
Latin American Comparisons: Failures, Successes, Heterogeneity
Authors: Bruno Michael 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis chapter focuses on specific lessons that emerged from some of the more extreme Latin American episodes of high inflation and low growth. It discusses the lessons from Chile’s costly orthodox stabilization and successful, though slow, process of structural reform. It further considers the reasons for the failures in the case of Argentina and Brazil, and also discusses the 1990-91 turnaround in Argentina. The chapter ends with a comparison of the successful Mexican reform with that of Israel. There was considerable similarity in programmes, but enough differences in underlying institutions and market structure to make this comparison a particularly relevant one.
Dualism in the Silk-reeling Industry in Suwa from the 1910s to the 1930s
Authors: Matsumura Satoshi 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This chapter argues that there was a substantial diversity in the forms of production used in the silk-reeling industry in modern Japan. Although export growth led to the development of this industry, the domestic market for raw silk also contributed to the increase in total demand after the first decade of the 20th century. The reason why domestically-oriented manufacturers did not adopt the factory system of production, but instead used various forms of production such as independent operation, subcontracting to small-scale factories, and putting-out was discussed.
The Humble Origins of Modern Japan's Machine Industry
Authors: Suzuki Jun 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This chapter discusses the importance of artisan workshops in the development of the machine manufacturing industry. Silk-reeling and coal mining, which played the significant role in Japan’s industrialization, depended on these workshops with low priced boilers and pumps. This association is an example of the way positive linkages worked between small-scale production and leading export-oriented industries. Similar interconnections contributed to the establishment of modern machine manufacturing factories by providing training for skilled workers and forming markets for machinery.
How Local Trade Associations and Manufacturers' Associations Worked in Pre-war Japan
Authors: Ōmori Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the role of trade and manufacturers’ associations in Japan’s industrialization. Focusing on two typical traditional industries, pottery and straw goods manufacturing, the various activities of associations such as quality control, technological improvement, material purchasing, and product marketing are investigated. The associations made significant contributions to the development of traditional industries, especially the industries dominated by small manufacturing firms.
The Rise of a Factory Industry: Silk Reeling in Suwa District
Authors: Nakabayashi Masaki 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the modernization of the silk-reeling industry, focusing on the most prosperous silk reeling district of Suwa. The rapid growth of silk reeling in Suwa is attributed to the establishment of an efficient factory system. Its capacity to supply large amounts of high quality raw silk matched the rising demand from the mechanized silk weaving industry in the United States, resulting in strong competitiveness in the export market.
Communal Action in the Development of Regional Industrial Policy: A Case Study of the Kawamata Silk Weaving Industry
Authors: Yamauchi Futoshi 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This chapter examines the ‘industrial policy’ executed in the industrial district, Kawamata. The local government and associations made various attempts to support the development of silk weaving industry. An investigation into these practices and actions, as well as the conflicts within the regions, shows that both the silk traders and the rural elites played key roles in the process. Their activities were motivated by the widespread understanding within the region that the rural elites had to take responsibility for the development of the regional economy.
Who Bears What Risk? An Intergenerational Perspective
Authors: Bohn Henning 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Retirement systems in the past have attempted to protect retirees from risk. However, by making fixed benefit promises, these systems necessarily imposed a more-than-proportional risk on younger cohorts and on future generations. This chapter explores the impacts of alternative tax, pension, and health care policies to evaluate how current policies spread risk across cohorts. It also assesses conditions under which such policies increase general welfare, and where there may be scope for better policies.
Changing Risks Confronting Pension Participants
Authors: Borzi Phyllis C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe shift from traditional employer-sponsored defined benefit pensions towards individual-account defined contribution plans involves a reallocation of risks and rewards from plan sponsors to employees. While much has been written about the transfer of investment risk and the potential consequences of bad investment choices, less attention has been focused on other potential hazards to retirement security such as the effect of job change and other labour market factors on contribution patterns, the chance of outliving one’s accumulated assets, and the tension between encouraging participants to save for retirement while allowing access to those assets for a variety of other pressing financial needs. This chapter examines these challenges to retirement income security, and identifies several legal and policy changes that might enable participants to cope better with such changes.