bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective evaluation of congestive heart failure and myocardial ischemia events in 14 237 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus enrolled in 42 short‐term, double‐blind, randomized clinical studies with rosiglitazone
Authors: Cobitz Alexander , Zambanini Andrew , Sowell Margaret , Heise Mark , Louridas Bonnie , McMorn Stephen , Semigran Marc , Koch Gary 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeRetrospectively investigate potential associations between rosiglitazone and congestive heart failure (CHF) and, separately, events of myocardial ischemia.MethodsData from 14 237 individuals in 42 short‐term, double‐blind, randomized studies of rosiglitazone versus placebo or active diabetes medications were analyzed across seven treatment comparisons using an exact logistic regression model, adjusted for number of major cardiovascular risk factors and duration of exposure.ResultsCHF incidence ranged 0–1.27% (SAEs) and 0.12–2.42% (all AEs) with rosiglitazone versus 0.07–0.75% (SAEs) and 0.25–1.36% (all AEs) with control. Higher odds ratios (95%CI) were observed for CHF SAEs with sulfonylurea‐ and insulin‐containing combinations: rosiglitazone monotherapy versus placebo, 0.25 (<0.01–4.75); rosiglitazone monotherapy versus sulfonylurea/metformin monotherapy, 0.23 (<0.01–2.14); sulfonylurea + rosiglitazone versus sulfonylurea monotherapy, 0.95 (0.01–75.20); metformin + rosiglitazone versus metformin monotherapy, 0.60 (0.00–8.28); metformin + rosiglitazone versus metformin + sulfonylurea, 1.04 (0.39–2.86); sulfonylurea + metformin + rosiglitazone versus sulfonylurea + metformin, 3.15 (0.35–150.52); insulin + rosiglitazone versus insulin monotherapy, 1.63 (0.52–6.01). Myocardial ischemia incidence ranged 0.75–1.40% (SAEs) and 1.49–2.77% (all AEs) with rosiglitazone versus 0.21–2.04% (SAEs) and 0.56–2.38% (all AEs) with control. Each comparison had an OR >1, with wide confidence intervals generally including unity. With data pooling, more events of myocardial ischemia were observed with rosiglitazone (2.00%) versus control (1.53%) (HR 1.30, 95%CI 1.004–1.69).ConclusionsCHF incidence may be greater when rosiglitazone is combined with sulfonylureas or insulin. When data were pooled, more events of myocardial ischemia were observed with rosiglitazone versus control. Final results from RECORD will allow a more rigorous evaluation of the cardiovascular safety profile. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between serious ischemic cardiac outcomes and medications used to treat diabetes
Authors: Margolis David J. , Hoffstad Ole , Strom Brian L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeData on cardiovascular outcomes among treated diabetics have been inconsistent. Our goal was to compare cardiovascular outcomes associated with different treatments for diabetes.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of diabetic patients at least 40 years of age treated in general practices participating in The Health Information Network (THIN) data system between 2002 and 2006. Our primary outcome was serious atherosclerotic vascular disease of the heart.ResultsAmong all diabetics (N = 63 579), the fully adjusted hazard ratios of association with our outcome were 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) for insulin, 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) for sulfonylureas, 0.8 (0.7, 0.8) for biguanide, 1.2 (0.99, 1.5) for meglitinide, 0.5 (0.5, 0.6) for thiazolidinediones, and individually 0.6 (0.5, 0.6) for rosiglitazone, and 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) for pioglitazone. Among those individuals newly diagnosed and treated for diabetes after 2002 (N = 13 576), the adjusted hazard ratios of association with our outcome were 2.4 (2.0, 2.9) for insulin, 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) for sulfonylureas, 0.5 (0.4, 0.5) for biguanide, 0.9 (0.4, 2.1) for meglitinide, 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) for thiazolidinediones, and individually 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) for rosiglitazone, and 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) for pioglitazone. Risk increased as total duration of therapy increased for insulin, sulfonylureas, and biguanide, but decreased with duration for rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.ConclusionsOverall, insulin was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Its risk increased with longer use, and risk emerged with longer use of sulfonylureas and biguanide. Conversely, a protective effect emerged with longer use of rosiglitazone or pioglitazone. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, morphology and pH sensitivity of hybrid hydrolyzed polyacrylonitirile‐blend‐gelatin hydrogel fibers
Authors: Yu Liwei , Xu Jianyan , Gu Lixia 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) artificial muscles have attracted considerable attention for their fast responses. This research work is based on the preparation of novel pH‐sensitive hydrogel fibers derived from hydrolyzed PAN and gelatin by wet spinning and chemical modification.RESULTS: Through characterization of the fiber dynamic and static pH‐sensitive behavior, pH response times were found to improve greatly with increasing gelatin content. At a weight ratio of 3 to 7 (PAN:gelatin), the best response times were obtained at 0.59 s for elongation and 1.14 s for contraction. Study of the chemical structures of hydrolyzed PAN and gelatin, as well as the surface morphology of the hydrogel fibers, indicated that the mechanism of formation of hydrogel fibers is closely interconnected with their pH‐sensitive behavior. From the standpoint of the mechanism we also found that the addition of urea gave rise to hydrogel fibers with a controllable morphology, influenced by the pH‐sensitive behavior.CONCLUSION: The hydrogel system reported here is simple in preparation, but quite complex in chemical structure. The strong response of the fibers to pH provides some idea on the development of new artificial muscle systems. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Partially miscible poly(lactic acid)‐ blend‐poly(propylene carbonate) filled with carbon black as conductive polymer composite
Authors: Ning Wang , Xingxiang Zhang , Jiugao Yu , Jianming Fang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) can be obtained by filling polymer matrices with electrically conductive particles, and have a wide variety of potential applications. In the work reported, the biodegradable polymer poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a partially miscible blend with poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) was used as a polymer matrix. Carbon black (CB) was used as the conducting filler.RESULTS: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed interactions between matrix and CB filler; this interaction was stronger in PPC‐blend‐CB than in PLA‐blend‐CB composites. A rheology study showed that low‐viscosity PPC could improve the fluidity of the CPCs, but decrease that of CB. With increasing CB content, the enforcement effect, storage modulus and glass transition temperature increased, but the elongation at break decreased. CPCs exhibited the lowest electrical percolation thresholds of 1.39 vol.% CB when the content of PPC in PLA‐blend‐PPC was 40 wt%. The conductivity of CPCs containing 5.33 vol.% CB and 40 wt% PPC reached 1.57 S cm−1. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that CB exhibits a preference for dispersion in the low‐viscosity phase (PPC) of the multiphase matrix.CONCLUSION: In the presence of CB, partially miscible PLA‐blend‐PPC could form multi‐percolation CPCs. Moreover, the combination of PLA and PPC with CB broadens novel application of both renewable polymers and CPCs. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Study of base series resistance losses in single and double emitter silicon solar cells through simulations and experiments
Authors: Kotsovos K. , Misiakos K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis work focuses on base series resistance influence on the performance of single and double emitter rear point contact silicon solar cells. This study is performed through measurements on experimental devices with different rear contact sizes and spacings, which were designed and fabricated using standard silicon integrated circuit technology, while the results were compared with simulation data based on a 3D model developed at our institute. Simulation and experimental results show that the series resistance of the double junction structure is significantly lower compared to the single junction equivalent. In addition, it was demonstrated that the operation of both junctions under slightly different voltages improves device efficiency. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 32)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Emery Keith , Hishikawa Yoshihiro , Warta Wilhelm 
Published: July 2008

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since January 2008 are reviewed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Barriers to participation in kindergarten literacy instruction for a student with augmentative and alternative communication needs
Authors: Pufpaff Lisa A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPreliminary findings and implications from this study were presented at the 45th Annual Convention of the International Reading Association in Indianapolis, Indiana, April 30, 2000.The author would like to express sincere gratitude to the kindergarten teacher who cooperated with this study and willingly allowed the researcher unlimited access to her classroom. The author also thanks all the school personnel and students who made this study possible as well as the Purdue University AAC Group for their feedback during the course of this project. The author especially thanks Erna Alant, University of Pretoria, South Africa for her guidance in the organization of key sections of this manuscript. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The depiction of stuttering in contemporary juvenile fiction: Implications for clinical practice
Authors: Logan Kenneth J. , Mullins Melody Saunders , Jones Kelly M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe reviewed 29 contemporary juvenile fiction books featuring characters who stutter to assess the presentation of stuttering‐related content. Although plots varied widely, most characters displayed attributes or accomplishments that offset their communication impairment. Many characters improved social and/or communicative functioning during the stories, though rarely in conjunction with professionally administered intervention. Most books depicted listener responses to stuttering, including impatience, teasing, ridicule, and bullying. Some books contained incorrect or distorted information, which could convey the mistaken impression that stuttering is simply a symptom of emotional distress. Nonetheless, most portrayals of stuttering seemed sufficient for the books to be considered for use as an instructional tool in certain education and intervention activities. Potential applications of the books in these contexts are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Providing preschool foundations for later reading comprehension: The importance of and ideas for targeting inferencing in storybook‐sharing interventions
Authors: Kleeck Anne Van 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA significant gap in emerging literacy intervention with preschoolers relates to a skill that is crucial to later reading comprehension–the ability to engage in inferencing. This article presents a theoretical rationale for fostering inferential language during book sharing with preschool children, and provides research‐based ideas for how this can be best accomplished. It is suggested that, at the preschool level, children can be supported in their ability to make inferences about stories read aloud to them by having adults ask both literal and inferential questions that, first and foremost, relate to the causal structure of stories. Additionally, questions focused on informational and evaluative inferences serve to further enhance story comprehension. A rubric for connecting such questions to the elements of story grammar is offered, and a specific example from a published preschool level storybook is provided. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the effects of a social communication intervention for improving requests and word diversity in preschoolers with disabilities
Authors: Stanton‐Chapman Tina L. , Denning Christopher B. , Jamison Kristen Roorbach 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study examined the effects of a multicomponent social communication intervention to promote language learning and peer‐directed social interactions in preschool children with disabilities. Participants were eight children with developmental disabilities who met the specified criteria for the study. The intervention consisted of three components: (a) a planning period for instructional purposes, (b) a play session to practice skills, and (c) a brief reporting period to review skill performance. A multiple baseline design across two dyads replicated across two additional dyads was used. Results indicated an increase in peer‐directed requests, verbal requests, and word diversity for 6 of the 8 participants postintervention. Implications of the results are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomic and transcriptomic study on the action of a cytotoxic saponin (Polyphyllin D): Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria‐mediated apoptotic pathways
Authors: Siu Fung‐Ming , Ma Dik‐Lung , Cheung Yee‐Wai , Lok Chun‐Nam , Yan Kun , Yang Zhiqi , Yang Mengsu , Xu SongXiao , Ko Ben Chi‐Bun , He Qing‐Yu , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPolyphyllin D (PD) is a potent cytotoxic saponin found in Paris polyphylla. In the present study, bioinformatic, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed to study the mechanisms of action of PD on human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line (NCI‐H460). Using a gene expression‐based bioinformatic tool (connectivity map), PD was identified as a potential ER stress inducer. Our proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that PD treatment led to upregulation of typical ER stress‐related proteins/genes including glucose‐regulated protein 78 (BiP/GRP78) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). In particular, elevated expression of C/EBP homologous transcription factor (chop) and activation of caspase‐4 occurred at early time point (8 h) of PD treatment, signifying an initial ER stress‐mediated apoptosis. Induction of tumor suppressor p53, disruption of mitochondrial membrane, activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 were detected upon prolonged PD treatment. Collectively, these data revealed that PD induced the cytotoxic effect through a mechanism initiated by ER stress followed by mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The ability of activating two major pathways of apoptosis makes PD an attractive drug lead for anticancer therapeutics.
Validation of reverse phase protein array for practical screening of potential biomarkers in serum and plasma: Accurate detection of CA19‐9 levels in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Grote Tobias , Siwak Doris R. , Fritsche Herbert A. , Joy Corwin , Mills Gordon B. , Simeone Diane , Whitcomb David C. , Logsdon Craig D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe current study analyzed reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) as a means to experimentally validate biomarkers in blood samples. One microliter samples of sera (n = 71), and plasma (n = 78) were serially diluted and printed on NC‐coated slides. CA19‐9 levels from RPPA results were compared with identical patient samples as measured by ELISA. There was a strong correlation between RPPA and ELISA (r = 0.87) as determined by scatter plots. Sample reproducibility of CA19‐9 levels was excellent (interslide correlation r = 0.88; intraslide correlation r = 0.83). The ability of RPPA to accurately distinguish CA19‐9 levels between cancer and noncancer samples were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves and compared with ELISA. The AUC for RPPA and ELISA was comparable (0.87 and 0.86, respectively). When the mean CA19‐9 levels of normal samples was used as a cutoff for RPPA and compared with the standard clinical ELISA cutoff, comparable specificities (71% for both) were observed. Notably, RPPA samples normalized to albumin showed increased sensitivity compared to ELISA (90% vs. 75%). As RPPA is a high‐throughput method that shows results comparable to that of ELISA, we propose that RPPA is a viable technique for rapid experimental screening and validation of candidate biomarkers in blood samples.
A novel wavelet‐based thresholding method for the pre‐processing of mass spectrometry data that accounts for heterogeneous noise
Authors: Kwon Deukwoo , Vannucci Marina , Song Joon Jin , Jeong Jaesik , Pfeiffer Ruth M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn recent years there has been an increased interest in using protein mass spectroscopy to discriminate diseased from healthy individuals with the aim of discovering molecular markers for disease. A crucial step before any statistical analysis is the pre‐processing of the mass spectrometry data. Statistical results are typically strongly affected by the specific pre‐processing techniques used. One important pre‐processing step is the removal of chemical and instrumental noise from the mass spectra. Wavelet denoising techniques are a standard method for denoising. Existing techniques, however, do not accommodate errors that vary across the mass spectrum, but instead assume a homogeneous error structure. In this paper we propose a novel wavelet denoising approach that deals with heterogeneous errors by incorporating a variance change point detection method in the thresholding procedure. We study our method on real and simulated mass specrometry data and show that it improves on performances of peak detection methods.
Optimization of evanescent‐field fluorescence‐assisted lectin microarray for high‐sensitivity detection of monovalent oligosaccharides and glycoproteins
Authors: Uchiyama Noboru , Kuno Atsushi , Tateno Hiroaki , Kubo Yoshiko , Mizuno Mamoru , Noguchi Midori , Hirabayashi Jun 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLectin microarray is an emerging technique, which will accelerate glycan profiling and discovery of glycan‐related biomarkers. One of the most important stages in realizing the potential of the technique is to achieve sufficiently high sensitivity to detect even the low concentrations of some target glycoproteins which occur in sera or tissues. Previously, we developed a lectin microarray based on an evanescent‐field fluorescence‐assisted detection principle that allows rapid profiling of glycoproteins. Here, we report optimization of procedures for lectin spotting and immobilization to improve the sensitivity and reproducibility of the lectin microarray. The improved microarray allows high‐sensitivity detection of even monovalent oligosaccharides that generally have a low affinity with lectins (Kd>10−6 M). The LOD observed for RCA120, a representative plant lectin, with asialofetuin, and an asialo‐biantennary N‐glycan probe were determined to be 100 pg/mL and 100 pM, respectively. With the improved lectin microarray system, closely related structural isomers, i.e., Lea and Lex, were clearly differentiated by the difference in signal patterns on relevant multiple lectins, even though specific lectins to detect these glycan structures were not available. The result proved a previously proposed concept of lectin‐based glycan profiling.
Chemical proteomic study of isoprenoid chain interactome with a synthetic photoaffinity probe
Authors: Tian Ruijun , Li Lingdong , Tang Wei , Liu Hongwei , Ye Mingliang , Zhao Zongbao K. , Zou Hanfa 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA chemical proteomic approach was developed for profiling the noncovalent interactome of isoprenoid chain in the yeast proteome. A chemical probe that harbors a biotin moiety and a photoreactive benzophenone group linked to the terminal of geranyl group was synthesized. Photoaffinity labeling was performed by incubating the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome and the probe under 365 nm UV light. Thirty proteins were identified by immobilized NeutraAvidin enrichment, on‐bead digestion, online 2‐D nano‐LC/MS/MS identification and semi‐quantitative proteomic analysis. As noted by Gene Ontology annotation, the identified proteins demonstrate a wide range of catalytic activity in several biological processes, especially in metabolism and biosynthesis. Further data analysis shows that hydrophobic binding of the synthetic probe is potentially the major interaction force leading to covalent labeling. These results argue that intracellular allosteric interactions conferred by the isoprenoid chain of the corresponding chemical structures may be widespread at an interactomic level.
Separation of phosphoprotein isotypes having the same number of phosphate groups using phosphate‐affinity SDS‐PAGE
Authors: Kinoshita Eiji , Kinoshita‐Kikuta Emiko , Matsubara Mamoru , Yamada Seiji , Nakamura Hiro , Shiro Yoshitsugu , Aoki Yuri , Okita Kouki , Koike Tohru 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate the separation of phosphoprotein isotypes having the same number of phosphate groups using phosphate‐affinity SDS‐PAGE. The phosphate‐affinity site is a polyacrylamide‐bound Phos‐tag that enables the mobility shift detection of phosphoproteins from their nonphosphorylated counterparts. As the first practical example of the separation, we characterized the monophosphorylated Tau isotypes by each of three tyrosine kinases, c‐Abl, MET, and Fyn. Each monophosphoisotype phosphorylated at the Tyr‐394, Tyr‐197, or Tyr‐18 was detected as three distinct migration bands. As a further application, we extended this technique to the mobility shift analysis of His and Asp phosphoisotypes in the Sinorhizobium meliloti FixL/FixJ two‐component system. FixL is autophosphorylated at the His‐285 with ATP, and the phosphate group is transferred to the Asp‐54 of FixJ and subsequently removed by the FixL phosphatase activity. Using this method, we first performed simultaneous detection of the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated isotypes of FixL and FixJ generated in their phosphotransfer reaction in vitro. As a result, a monophosphoisotype of FixL containing the phosphorylated His residue was confirmed. As for FixJ, on the other hand, two monophosphoisotypes were detected as two distinct migration bands. One is a well‐known isotype phosphorylated at the Asp‐54. The other is a novel isotype phosphorylated at the His‐84.