bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biomechanics of advancement and rotation flaps
Authors: Larrabee Wayne F. , Sutton Dwight 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn animal model (using piglets) has been developed to study the mechanical properties of simple advancement and rotation flaps. The effects of different length‐width ratios and defect sizes on the tension required to close a rectangular advancement flap are described. Characteristic curves of force vs. advancement distance are presented and mechanisms discussed. The flaps should have a length‐width ratio of at least 1:1; the mechanical advantage of lengthening the flap further is directly related to the measured closing tension. The distribution of tension in a standard 180° rotation flap is analyzed. Maximum tension is found between 90° and 135° (opposite the site of defect closure); this is at variance with the vector commonly pictured. The force required to close a defect with rotation flaps of varying length (45° to 180°) is measured. There is little mechanical benefit in extending the flap past 90°.
Myocutaneous flaps: Strategy for utilization
Authors: Bone Robert C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe contemporary Head and Neck surgeon has a choice of tissue available for defect closure. Depending on the situation, either traditional of newer means of reconstruction may best fit the patients' needs. More recently described procedures include free flaps (anastomosis by microvascular surgery to a nearby vascular supply) and myocutaneous flaps, a new concept in pedicle transfer. Both of these latter techniques improve and partially supplant, but do not entirely replace other older methods of repair.
Endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt for ménière's disease in the only hearing ear
Authors: Pulec Jack L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis report describes a series of 18 patients, deaf in one ear, upon whom an endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt procedure was performed on the reMayning hearing ear affected by Ménière's disease. As with other patients with Ménière's disease, those whose problem involves their only hearing ear can have differing priorities and etiologies requiring variations in diagnosis and management.The preservation of hearing is of major consideration as is the need for thorough study and careful diagnosis in the determination of when to operate. Special surgical techniques that help minimize the risks from surgery are employed resulting in no patient's hearing being made worse by the surgery.Study results lead to the conclusion that the use of the endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt procedure early in the course of Meniere's disease in an only hearing ear can significantly reduce the risk of permanent hearing loss and disability.
The acoustic reflex test in cochlear and eighth nerve pathology ears
Authors: Sanders Jay W. , Josey Anne Forrest , Glasscock Michael E. , Jackson C. Gary 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe clinical interpretation of acoustic reflex test results in ears with sensorineural impairment should be based on a consideration of three characteristics of the response: the reflex threshold hearing level, the reflex threshold sensation level, and the decay of the reflex. Examination of results in 152 ears with cochlear pathology and in 152 ears with acoustic tumor indicated that in some cases the combination of characteristics may be contradictory as to site of lesion. Regarding a contradictory response pattern as questionable — neither confirming nor denying a specific site of lesion — improves the predictive accuracy of the test through a reduction in the number of false identifications.
The bone‐anchored auricular episthesis
Authors: Tjellströum A. , Lindströum J. , Nyléan O. , Albrektsson T. , Brårnemark P.‐I. , Birgersson B. , Nero H. , Sylvéan C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTotal ablation of the pinna gives an unsatisfactory cosmetic result which has to be corrected. Plastic surgery procedures are generally not very successful and some sort of episthesis is preferred by many. The attachment of an episthesis is, however, often a problem.This paper is a case report of a new type of episthesis fixation arrangement. In a first session four titanium screws were implanted into the temporal bone above and behind the external meatus with a technique ensuring minimal tissue violation. Three months later when these screws were firmly integrated in the living bone, skin‐penetrating titanium abutments were connected and a gold bridge was adapted to the abutments. A silicon rubber episthesis was attached to the bridge with a snap fastener. Behind this new method of episthesis attachment are several years of clinical experience of titanium implants directly anchored into various living bones and allowed to permanently penetrate skin or mucous membrane.
Studies on anaerobic bacteria in chronic otitis media
Authors: Sugita Rinya , Kawamura Shozo , Ichikawa Ginichiro , Goto Shigeo , Fujimaki Yutaka 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn the 760 cases of chronic otitis media studied from 1970 to 1976, the detection ratio of anaerobic bacteria and the relation between the nature of anaerobic bacteria and the conditions of focus were investigated. In 8.2% of 760 cases 9 kinds and 81 strains of anaerobic bacteria was detected. Most of the anaerobic bacteria were Peptococcus sp. or Bacteroides sp. and in general non‐sporogenic anaerobic bacteria accounted for 97.5%. Anaerobes were frequently detected in cases where the middle ear cavity was filled with cholesteatoma or granulation and in cases of infection recurring after operation.
The middle turbinate and its relationship to the ethmoidal labyrinth and the orbit
Authors: Ritter Frank N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe intranasal ethmoidectomy operation can cause disastrous complications: blindness and death. It is usually performed by using the middle turbinate as a guide. Sometimes prior disease or surgery may cause this to vary from its usual position. Perhaps a better guide is the bone of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus since this always lies in the same vertical plane or just medial to the lamina papyracea. Staying medial to this line should protect the orbit, when doing an intranasal ethmoidectomy.
Research in otolaryngology: Nih support and other considerations
Authors: Naunton Ralph F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe National Institutes of Health continue to provide support for a major portion of biomedical research in this country. Research serves as the keystone to the continued health of Otolaryngology, but there are clear indications that otolaryngologists' direct involvement in research is diminishing at a dangerous pace. Some of the causes of this problem are identified. Solutions include, first and foremost, more general recognition of the importance to the speciality of biomedical research; currently available mechanisms offered by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke for the support of investigator training might be utilized more extensively and collaborative research between clinician and basic science investigators should be encouraged.
How to write (and publish) a medical paper and how to deliver it
Authors: Shambaugh George E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe essence of medical writing is clarity, integrity and brevity. To write a really good medical paper requires doing eight to ten revisions before it is near perfect as possible. References should be numbered, and not too numerous. Follow the instructions given in the J.A.M.A. It is best to lay the paper aside for a week or two before making the final revision to allow one's thoughts to mature.In giving a scientific paper, always address the chairman of the meeting and then the audience at the beginning of the presentation. The paper should be typed and in front of the speaker, but he should not read it, using it only for prompting in case he “blanks out,” as so often occurs with a young person speaking for the first time. Slides should always be used to supplement the speech so that the audience can combine visual and auditory response. A common mistake is to put too much material on a slide. The slides should be white print on a blue background, which is the most legible, with a maximum of 20 to 30 words on a slide. Tables must be made as brief as possible so that they are easily read from the back of the room in less than a minute.Always speak slowly and distinctly with dramatic pauses at appropriate places. Never crowd too much information into your talk so that you are hurried. Never make more than one or two Mayn points. By making too many points you weaken their impact. Keep case reports to a minimum and make them very brief; always have a brief, clearly stated conclusion; and thank the audience before you sit down.Sir Terence Cawthorne was a master at presenting a scientific paper and should be emulated. He would always begin with a humorous remark or a brief, funny, but clean, story. He would practice giving a talk to a recorder, playing it back to himself, and doing this over and over until he was satisfied.
Lymphoepithelioma of the nasopharynx
Authors: Applebaum Edward L. , Mantravadi Prasad , Haas Richard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere is uncertainty as to whether the clinical behavior of nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma differs from that of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx. To determine if significant differences existed, we have studied 39 patients with nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma and compared their data with 50 nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients.In contrast to squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma occurred at a younger age, presented as smaller primary tumors, and manifested more extensive cervical lymph node involvement. When analyzed by T stage, N stage, or overall stage groups, the 5‐year actuarial survivals were better in the lymphoepithelioma patients. Late tumor recurrences (beyond 4 years) were seen in the lymphoepithelioma patients, whereas all of the recurrences in the squamous cell carcinoma group occurred within 4 years. Tumor recurrences were more common in the cervical lymph nodes in the lymphoepithelioma group and in the primary site of the squamous cell carcinoma group.
A decade of tympanoplasty: Progress or regress?
Authors: Austin David F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe surgery of chronic ear disease has continued to be a popular topic during the seventies. The literature for this period has been collected and organized by both surgical topics and disease topics.The changes in technique, particularly for ossiculoplasty, are discussed in the light of the author's experiences.The surgical approaches to a particular disease process are likewise reviewed. Changes in surgical philosophy are discussed both for particular authors as well as for the overall trends.
Exploratory tympanotomy revisited.
Authors: Paparella Michael M. , Koutroupas Steven 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe history of exploratory tympanotomy is somewhat obscure. Methods and findings of exploratory tympanotomy were described and assessed for unexplained conductive and occasional sensorineural hearing losses. Of 316 recent cases positive findings leading to diagnosis and therapy occurred in all 250 cases of conductive hearing losses and in 43 of 63 cases of sensorineural hearing losses. In decreasing order of occurrence findings were sequelae of otitis media, otosclerosis, oval and round window changes including perilymph leakage, congenital and traumatic fixation and disarticulation of ossicles. These observations and indications are discussed.
Panendoscopy as a screening examination for simultaneous primary tumors in head and neck cancer: A prospective sequential study and review of the literature
Authors: McGuirt W. Fred 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA prospective panendoscopic evaluation comprising direct laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy was conducted in 100 consecutively seen patients with untreated head and neck primary tumors. Of the patients, 16% (18% counting two third primary lesions found in the 16 patients) had synchronous primary malignant tumors of the aerodigestive tract. Eleven of the 16 patients had silent lesions found only by endoscopy, and 6 (6% of the total group) had lesions found only because the full panendoscopic protocol was followed. Those 6 tumors would not have been discovered as early by clinical examination or by symptom‐only directed studies. The initial treatment plan in 7 patients was changed by the panenodscopic findings, This study verifies the high incidence of synchronous primary tumors in the head and neck areas that have been reported in retrospective studies, and suggests that an intensive, full panendoscopic work‐up as a screening test in all patients with primary head and neck tumors can be conducted without increased morbidity and yields enough information to justify its cost.
Arterial blood gases and pneumatic nasal packing in epistaxis
Authors: Larsen Knud , Juul Asger 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeveral clinical studies have associated nasal packing in the treatment of epistaxis with hypoxemia on the basis of a possible nasopulmonary reflex. In 10 patients with epistaxis using a pneumatic nasal pack with central airway that allows a limited airflow, no changes in arterial blood gas tensions were observed. Forced expiratory volume measures were also without significant changes. The results indicate that the nasal packs used do not cause any clinically important alveolar hypoventilation or changes in arterial oxygenation. None of the patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and it is therefore still important to be aware of hypoxemia as a possible complication to nasal packing, especially in old patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, irrespective of the kind of nasal pack used.
Size variations in the lateral intercellular spaces of the endolymphatic sac induced by dietary factors
Authors: Wackym Phillip A. , Canalis Rinaldo F. , Friberg Ulla , Rask‐Andersen Helge , Linthicum Fred H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSince much evidence suggests that the endolymphatic sac is responsible for endolymph resorption, and that the endolymphatic sac lateral intercellular spaces which are lined by the energy‐dependent transport complex Na+, K+‐ATPase are important in this process, we sought to evaluate the effects of dietary salt and a food extract that inhibits the activity of Na+, K+‐ATPase on lateral intercellular space size. Animals fed this food factor and a high‐sodium diet had significantly smaller endolymphatic sac lateral intercellular spaces than those animals fed only a high‐sodium diet (analysis of variance with Scheffe's multiple comparison test, P<0.001). Animals fed a high‐sodium diet had significantly larger endolymphatic sac lateral intercellular spaces than those animals fed a control diet only (analysis of variance with Scheffe's multiple comparison test, P<0.001). Results of this study suggest that dietary sodium affects endolymphatic sac fluid dynamics and that other food factors may regulate sodium metabolism, and therefore endolymphatic sac function.
Speech recognition ability as a function of duration of deafness in multichannel cochlear implant patients
Authors: Shea John J. , Domico Elizabeth H. , Orchik Daniel J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSurgical implantation of a multichannel cochlear prosthesis has become a widespread treatment for profound hearing loss. The relationship between duration of hearing loss and speech recognition ability was examined in 20 postlinguistically deafened adults using the Nucleus 22‐Channel Cochlear Prosthesis. Data analysis indicated statistically significant negative correlations between duration of profound hearing loss and postoperative performance on the Central Institute for the Deaf Everyday Sentence Test and the Northwestern University Monosyllabic Word Test (NU‐6). Age at implantation and age at onset of profound hearing loss were not found to be significantly correlated with performance on the two measures. These findings are discussed in terms of patient counseling and prediction of potential benefit to the patient.
Treatment‐related toxicities with fluosol‐da 20% infusion during radiation in advanced head and neck malignancies
Authors: Campbell Bruce H. , Janjan Nora A. , Byhardt Roger W. , Toohill Robert J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFluosol‐DA 20%, a synthetic perfluorocarbon emulsion first developed as a blood substitute, is currently being investigated as a radiation sensitizer. Theoretically, an oxygen‐carrying perfluorocarbon emulsion combined with oxygen inhalation might be able to increase tumor response by decreasing the relative proportion of hypoxic tumor cells. Twenty‐one patients with advanced head and neck malignancies receiving primary radiation therapy were evaluated for treatment‐related toxicity. Mucosal reactions and weight loss during treatment in the group of patients who received the perfluorocarbon emulsion and the group who did not were comparable. Late sequelae appeared comparable. No patient in either group who completed radiation therapy required an interruption of the treatment course.We conclude that Fluosol‐DA 20% is a tolerated adjunct to primary radiation therapy. Further study is needed to determine whether the agent will improve local/regional tumor control.
Upper airway measurements predict response to uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Ryan C. F. , Dickson R. I. , Lowe A. A. , Blokmanis A. , Fleetham J. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough uvulopalatopharyngoplasty relieves obstructive sleep apnea in the majority of patients, the factors that determine a successful response are not well defined. To determine whether preoperative awake upper airway measurements predict the response to uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, presurgical lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated on 60 consecutive patients with symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea. Patients underwent overnight polysomnograms before uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and 3 months afterwards. Forty‐eight (80%) patients had a good response as defined by a postoperative apnea index of ≤4 apneas/hour or a reduction in apnea index of ≥60%. Re‐sponders had a significantly narrower inferior airway space (P<.0005) and a smaller ratio of inferior airway space to tongue length (P<.001). Improvement in apnea severity following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty was related to the degree of airway narrowing (r=0.36; P<.01). This study shows that upper airway measurements help predict response to uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Patients with a narrow airway, particularly relative to tongue size, have good responses to uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.
The use of injectable collagen to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency
Authors: Remade Marc , Bertrand Bernard , Eloy Philippe , Marbaix Etienne 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe use of Gax® collagen is proposed for correcting velopharyngeal insufficiency with posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation. The indications for this procedure are velopharyngeal insufficiency that remains after surgery and treatment by a speech pathologist. The procedure is also valuable after velum paralysis.Collagen (2.5‐5cc) is injected through a device designed for vocal‐fold and laryngeal rehabilitation. Several injection points are necessary to raise a good Passavanfs ridge. The muscular activity of the posterior pharyngeal wall models the collagen pad for the first 3 weeks; afterwards, the collagen shape remains unchanged due to its integration in the host tissues.At this time, five patients have been injected with Gax collagen and have improved. The oldest case dates from 28 months ago; the most recent dates from 8 months ago. There were no adverse reactions, and the results remain stable at the present time.
Chronic pediatric stridor: Etiology and outcome
Authors: Friedman Ellen M. , Vastola A. Paul , Mcgill Trevor J. I. , Healy Gerald B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStridor in children is usually acute. This paper represents a chart review and telephone survey of 60 patients with chronic pediatric stridor. The most common etiology was laryngomalacia, which required airway intervention in 22% of the patients. The symptoms persisted beyond 18 months of age in 17% of the patients. Twelve percent of the patients had multiple lesions; 65% of the second lesions were below the vocal cords. It appears that the presence of cyanosis should increase physician suspicion of multiple lesions. There was not a higher risk of recurrent upper respiratory infections with any of the diagnoses.
Laryngeal brainstem evoked response: A developmental study
Authors: Lalakea M. Lauren , Anonsen Cynthia K. , Hannley Maureen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA developmentally receding laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) has been described in infant animals of several species characterized by vocal cord adduction in response to laryngeal stimulation as well as a potentially fatal cardio‐respiratory response. Age‐related differences in the brain‐stem respiratory centers may account for differences in the LCR and play a role in such disorders as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and infant apnea. Study of the LCR at the brainstem level could provide insights into normal maturation of respiratory centers and eventually the patho‐physiology of these disorders.The present study evaluated the laryngeal brainstem response (LBR) evoked by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve in kittens using a far‐field technique similar to auditory brainstem response testing. Recordings were obtained via posterior pharyngeal and posterior cervical recording sites and compared to results previously obtained in our laboratory for adult cats. The LBR in kittens demonstrated differences in threshold, latencies, and morphology which suggests that postnatal maturation of laryngeal function at the brainstem level does occur.
Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in depressed clinical samples
Authors: Page Andrew C. , Hooke Geoffrey R. , Morrison David L. 
Published: October 2006

Objectives. The psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995a) were examined in depressed psychiatric hospital samples.Design and Methods. Three studies administered the DASS and other symptom measures at admission and discharge to consecutive adult hospital patients with a primary diagnosis of depression. Study 3 aimed to address problems with the DASS by extending the response options.Results. Study 1 found that the DASS had good reliability and validity, was moderately sensitive to change, but the Depression Scale exhibited a ceiling effect. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis supported a three‐factor structure and the DASS continued to demonstrate good psychometric properties, but the ceiling effect was replicated. Study 3 found that by extending the response scale to include an additional option, the factor structure of the instrument as a whole was maintained, the sensitivity to treatment was increased, but the ceiling effect was only marginally reduced.Conclusions. The psychometric properties of the DASS were sound in clinically depressed samples, but the Depression Scale exhibited a ceiling effect that could not be resolved with minor changes to the scale. Suggestions for revisions of the DASS are made.