bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Work‐Life Balance: Geographical Perspectives on Lifestyle, Leisure, Stuff and the Future Presidential Address to the Institute of Australian Geographers’ Conference, Hobart, July 20081
Authors: WALMSLEY D.J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe work‐life balance is a pressing social issue in Australia but one on which geographers have been relatively silent. Predictions of ‘a leisure society’ have not been fulfilled. Instead, work has come to dominate life in Australia and in many other advanced western societies. The reasons for this are explored. Materialism is at the heart of the work‐life imbalance. There is, however, evidence of a changing work ethic and the emergence of leisure‐orientated lifestyles, albeit with ‘leisure’ interpreted as ‘freedom to’ undertake gratifying activity rather than simply ‘freedom from’ obligatory commitments. Despite the supposed homogenising influence of globalisation and the internet, place will become increasingly important in a leisure‐orientated lifestyle‐led future.
Screening Climatic and Non‐Climatic Risks to Australian Catchments
Authors: PRESTON B.L. , JONES R.N. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEmerging and future climatic change across the Australian continent has been identified as a significant threat to the successful sustainable management of the nation's water resources. However, the impacts of climate change must be viewed within the context of past, present and future climatic variability and human agency. A qualitative screening‐level risk assessment was undertaken for Australia's 325 surface water management areas by aggregating a suite of six relevant risk indicators. Four indicators addressed the antecedent conditions upon which future climate change will act. These included 50‐year trends in rainfall, the status of surface and groundwater development, and catchment condition. Two indicators addressed future drivers of supply and demand; specifically, projected changes in runoff and population. The results indicate that the management challenges currently experienced in Australia's population centres and key agricultural areas such as the Murray‐Darling Basin are likely to increase in future decades. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of net risk, inclusive of multiple biophysical and socioeconomic drivers, is more extensive than is suggested by consideration of surface water development and availability alone. Comparison of at‐risk catchments with the spatial distribution of various social and environmental assets identified a high degree of overlap among catchment risk and human populations, water storages, irrigated agricultural land, and wetlands of international significance. This suggests that the catchments of the greatest value are also those judged to be at greatest risk. Though considerable work remains in evaluating the security of Australia's water resources to climatic and other stressors, this study provides a first‐order scheme for prioritising the risks to which catchments are exposed and an assessment of how some key drivers are likely to interact to drive risk.
Adaptive Management for Water Quality Improvement in the Great Barrier Reef Catchments: Learning on the Edge
Authors: BRODERICK KATHLEEN 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes using an adaptive management approach to achieve water quality improvement in large catchments with multiple diffuse pollutant issues. Adaptive management involves attention to process, and commitment to continually improving knowledge and practice. It also requires an appreciation of differences in understanding of various stakeholders and an ongoing commitment to learning. Based on research with the Burdekin Dry Tropics regional Natural Resource Management group, the paper shows how the acquisition of knowledge about Water Quality Management can be an aim in itself, rather than an activity peripheral to the planning process. To this end, the paper describes the methods used to elicit stakeholders’ understandings, explores the variation in understandings between key stakeholders, and describes a process used to incorporate the various views in an adaptive management framework for managing water quality. The research findings reveal the importance of process and participation for adaptive management and suggest that success can be judged in terms of learning outcomes.
Towards Household Sustainability in Sydney? Impacts of Two Sustainable Lifestyle Workshop Programs on Water Consumption in Existing Homes
Authors: LAWRENCE KATRINA , McMANUS PHIL 
Published: August 2008

AbstractResidential water consumption accounts for approximately 70 per cent of Sydney's water consumption. The capacity of households to reduce water consumption is limited by expectations and conventions of water supply shaped by existing water infrastructure (Allon and Sofoulis, 2006) and ‘saver‐unfriendly’ household water fittings (Sofoulis, 2005). Sustainable lifestyle workshop programs – many of which address water use – are relatively new, and rigorous research into their impacts is scarce. Existing research generally relies on reported behaviour change from participants, which is then used to estimate resource savings. This paper examines water consumption data, and the questionnaire responses of participants in two sustainable lifestyle workshop programs, to examine whether reported behavioural and technical changes are translating into significant water savings. The Sustainability Street (Penrith) and GreenHome (Parramatta) programs are changing participant behaviours, but reductions achieved by Sustainability Street are not significant at the 0.05 level. GreenHome reductions, while significant, cannot be fully attributed to the program due to the downward trend commencing prior to the program. The improved behaviour of participants – in comparison to their previous behaviour and the behaviour of non‐participants – is thus not translating into significant water savings. This indicates that the relationship between improved environmental behaviour and actual water savings is not as straightforward as program operators might assume. The implications of this are that research should use real consumption data and not estimations derived from behaviour change, and strategies to reduce household water consumption need to involve bigger technical changes to household water infrastructures.
Estimation of Soil Erosion Using Field and Modelling Approaches in an Undisturbed Arnhem Land Catchment, Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: HANCOCK G.R. , LOUGHRAN R.J. , EVANS K.G , BALOG R.M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAn assessment of slope erosion at Tin Camp Creek catchment, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia, was carried out using the fallout environmental radioisotope caesium‐137 (137Cs) as an indicator of soil erosion status, two numerical models (SIBERIA and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)) and erosion pins. This undisturbed drainage basin is situated in the seasonally wet‐dry tropics, with high energy storms and a mean annual rainfall of 1389 mm. Tin Camp Creek catchment is unaffected by European agriculture or pastoral activities, but often experiences fire during the dry season. Two transects were sampled for 137Cs in 2002 and 2004, and two models were used to convert 137Cs measurements into soil loss estimates. Two methods using the theoretical Profile Distribution Model (PDM) gave net soil redistribution rates between +2.72 and –22.19 t ha−1 yr−1 and +2.95 and –24.06 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively, while an Australian empirical model (AEM) for uncultivated soils produced estimates between +1.84 and –7.00 t ha−1 yr−1 (negative values indicate soil erosion, positive, deposition). The RUSLE gave estimated soil losses for the two transects of approximately 10 t ha−1 yr−1, while the SIBERIA model produced values between 0.5 and 2 t ha−1 yr−1 for the transects and between 3.5 and 11 t ha−1 yr−1 for the total catchment. Average net soil losses of 14 and 15 t ha−1 yr−1 for the total catchment and slopes, respectively, were measured by erosion pins. The soil losses in the catchment are similar to those for some other transects in the Northern Territory and the Kimberley region of Western Australia (measured by the 137Cs AEM), even though these areas are affected by pastoral activities. This may be at least partly explained by erosion in Tin Camp Creek catchment during high intensity rainstorms at the commencement of the wet season, especially if the slopes have been affected by fire during the previous dry season.
Vulnerable Goth Teens: The Role of Schools in This Psychosocial High‐Risk Culture
Authors: Rutledge Carolyn M. , Rimer Don , Scott Micah 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:  In recent years, a number of tragedies have been linked to the Goth culture. Most alarming have been the acts of violence, suicide, and self‐harm found among teens. Teachers, parents, administrators, and fellow students are at a loss on how to relate to such students. They are unsure what role they might play in addressing some of the psychosocial issues they encounter. The purposes of this article are to describe characteristics of Goth teens, identify psychosocial risks for these teens, and describe roles school personnel can play.Methods:  This article provides a review of the Goth culture, risk factors for Goth teens, and methods school personnel can use in identifying and addressing the psychosocial needs of this group.Results:  The Goth culture attracts teens who are depressed, feel persecuted, have a distrust of society, or have suffered past abuse. They then surround themselves with people, music, Web sites, and activities that foster angry or depressed feelings. They have a higher prevalence of depression, self‐harm, suicide, and violence than non‐Goth teens.Conclusions:  School personnel are in a position to make a difference. By preparing themselves with knowledge, skills, materials, and referral sources, they can serve as liaisons. They have a specific role in advocating for the health and safety of students, identifying students who are at risk, disseminating new knowledge, and providing guidance in the management of the troubled teens.
The Evaluation of School‐Based Violence Prevention Programs: A Meta‐Analysis*
Authors: Park‐Higgerson Hyoun‐Kyoung , Perumean‐Chaney Suzanne E. , Bartolucci Alfred A. , Grimley Diane M. , Singh Karan P. 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:  Youth violence and related aggressive behaviors have become serious public health issues with physical, economic, social, and psychological impacts and consequences. This study identified and evaluated the characteristics of successful school‐based violence prevention programs.Methods:  Twenty‐six randomized controlled trial (RCT), school‐based studies that were designed to reduce externalizing, aggressive, and violent behavior between the 1st and 11th grades were analyzed for assessing the effects of 5 program characteristics by comparing results of intervention groups to control groups (no intervention) after intervention using a meta‐analysis. Electronic databases and bibliographies were systematically searched, and a standardized mean difference was used for analysis.Results:  There was no significant difference between interventions, although programs that used non–theory‐based interventions, focused on at‐risk and older children, and employed intervention specialists had slightly stronger effects in reducing aggression and violence. Interventions using a single approach had a mild positive effect on decreasing aggressive and violent behavior (effect size =−0.15, 95% CI =−0.29 to −0.02, p = .03).Conclusions:  Unlike previous individual study findings, this meta‐analysis did not find any differential effects for 4 of the 5 program characteristics. In addition, the significant effect noted was contrary to expectation, exemplifying the complexity of identifying effective program strategies. This study adds to the current literature by assessing the program characteristics of RCT studies in an effort to determine what factors may affect school‐based violence prevention program success.
Examining Anger as a Predictor of Drug Use Among Multiethnic Middle School Students
Authors: Nichols Tracy R. , Mahadeo Madhuvanti , Bryant Kylie , Botvin Gilbert J. 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:  Anger, a component of negative affect, has previously been associated with increased drug use primarily among white high school–aged students. However, few studies have examined these associations over time, and fewer have examined them among younger adolescents and students of color. Affective factors may play a greater role in drug use for girls relative to boys; yet, little is known regarding differences in associations between affect and drug use by gender.Methods:  The current study used data from the control condition (N = 2025) of a drug and violence preventive intervention trial to examine the association between self‐reported anger levels among multiethnic urban adolescents in the sixth grade and their use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana use 1 year later. Potential gender differences were examined as well.Results:  Multivariate generalized estimating equations models found anger to be significantly associated with increases in smoking, drinking, and marijuana use. There were no significant gender differences found for any of the drug use outcomes.Conclusions:  Results are consistent with studies conducted on primarily white high school youth, where anger had a small but significant effect on drug use over time. The findings also suggest that drug prevention programs should include emotion regulation skills, such as anger management, in addition to drug resistance skills.
Glioblastoma with Adipocyte‐Like Tumor Cell Differentiation—Histological and Molecular Features of a Rare Differentiation Pattern
Authors: Rickert Christian H. , Riemenschneider Markus J. , Schachenmayr Walter , Richter Hans‐Peter , Bockhorn Jürgen , Reifenberger Guido , Paulus Werner 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe report on three adult patients with primary glioblastomas showing prominent adipocytic (lipomatous) differentiation, hence referred to as “glioblastomas with adipocyte‐like tumor cell differentiation.” Histologically, the tumors demonstrated typical features of glioblastoma but additionally contained areas consisting of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐positive astrocytic tumor cells resembling adipocytes, that is, containing large intracellular lipid vacuoles. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and focused molecular genetic analyses demonstrated gains of chromosomes 7, losses of chromosomes 9 and 10, as well as homozygous deletion of p14ARF in one of the tumors. The second tumor showed gains of chromosomes 3, 4, 8q and 12 as well as losses of chromosomes 10, 13, 15q, 19 and 22. In addition, this tumor carried homozygous deletions of CDKN2A and p14ARF as well as point mutations in the TP53 and PTEN genes. The third tumor also had a mutation in the PTEN gene. None of the tumors demonstrated EGFR, CDK4 or MDM2 amplification. Taken together, our results define a rare glioblastoma differentiation pattern and indicate that glioblastomas with adipocyte‐like tumor cell differentiation share common molecular genetic features with other primary glioblastomas.
Dreaming the American Dream: Individualism and Positive Psychology
Authors: Becker Dana , Marecek Jeanne 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAlthough positive psychology now promotes itself globally, its American roots are evident in its persistent though unacknowledged attachment to an American‐inspired brand of individualism. That attachment is evident in the movement's endorsement of self‐fulfillment as the ultimate life goal, its promotion of self‐improvement via personal effort, and its narrow sense of the social. We maintain that the bounded, autonomous self that strides through a positive life is an illusion, as is the notion that human flourishing and happiness are readily available to all. We also take issue with the individualistic vision that pervades positive psychologists’ descriptions of society and social institutions. Taking as an exampleA Primer in Positive Psychology(a recent textbook written by one of the founding fathers of positive psychology and highly praised by the others), we argue that positive psychology's rendering of social institutions is fundamentally asocial and neglects gender, class, ethnicity, and power relations.
The Dean of St Asaph's Trial: Libel and Politics in the 1780s
Authors: PAGE ANTHONY 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn the early 1780s the Society for Constitutional Information poured much time and money into defending a charge of libel against one of its supporters, Jonathan Shipley, dean of St Asaph. This effort has been dismissed by historians as a waste of resources and a reflection of the waning of the campaign for political reform. This article examines the political significance of the Shipley trial in light of recent scholarship that stresses the importance of the courtroom and print culture in reformist agitation.
Pamela and the Anglican Crisis of the 1730s
Authors: STEWART CAROL 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe publication of Samuel Richardson's novel Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded in 1739 is read as a response to the contemporary crisis of authority in the Anglican Church. Anglican clergy were commonly perceived as corrupt, weak or remote. The Church's moral authority was threatened by its subordination to Whig interests, and its power and influence in the state were endangered by anticlerical legislation put before Parliament in the 1730s. In 1739 the Methodist George Whitefield attacked the Anglican reconciliation of virtue with worldly interest. Richardson deployed fiction to defend the Anglican ethos in Pamela by emphatically rewarding his heroine's ‘virtue’.
Calibrating conservation: new tools for measuring success
Authors: Kapos Valerie , Balmford Andrew , Aveling Rosalind , Bubb Philip , Carey Peter , Entwistle Abigail , Hopkins John , Mulliken Teresa , Safford Roger , Stattersfield Alison , Walpole Matt , Manica Andrea 
Published: August 2008

AbstractConservation practitioners, policy makers, and donors agree that there is an urgent need to identify which conservation approaches are most likely to succeed in order to use more effectively the limited resources available for conservation. While recently developed standards of good practice in conservation are helpful, a framework for evaluation is needed that supports systematic analysis of conservation effectiveness. A conceptual framework and scorecard developed by the Cambridge Conservation Forum help to address common constraints to evaluating conservation success: unclear objectives, ineffective information management, the long time frames of conservation outcomes, scarcity of resources for evaluation, and lack of incentives for such evaluation. For seven major categories of conservation activity, the CCF tools help clarify conservation objectives and provide a standardized framework that is a useful basis for managing information about project outcomes and existing conservation experience. By identifying key outcomes that can predict conservation success and can be assessed in relatively short time frames, they help to make more efficient use of scarce monitoring and evaluation resources. With wide application, the CCF framework and evaluation tool can provide a powerful platform for drawing on the experience of past and ongoing conservation projects to identify quantitatively factors that contribute to conservation success.
A NEW HAEMODIALYSIS CATHETER‐LOCKING AGENT REDUCES INFECTIONS IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Taylor Caroline , Cahill John , Gerrish Martin , Little Jane 
Published: August 2008

SUMMARYBackground: Intravenous catheters for haemodialysis increase the risk of sepsis. This study investigates the use of a taurolidine/citrate catheter‐locking agent for patients receiving hospital‐based haemodialysis, auditing the number and cost of infections before and after its introduction.Methods: The incidence and cost of treatment of catheter sepsis occurring in all patients receiving haemodialysis via a line were investigated over 6‐month periods before and after introducing the taurolidine/citrate line‐locking agent.Results: A reduction of 4.62 infections per 1000 catheter days, or 88.5%, was shown after the introduction of the new line‐locking agent.The total costs of line infections in the first 6 months were €52 500, (£41 000); after the introduction of the taurolidine/citrate locks, these reduced to €33 300, (£26 000), a reduction of €19 200 (£15 000).Conclusions: The use of a taurolidine/citrate haemodialysis catheter‐locking agent in our haemodialysis population has significantly reduced the line sepsis rate, with a positive impact on morbidity, mortality and cost.
PREVALENCE OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS ATTENDING PRE‐DIALYSIS CLINIC
Authors: Nulsen Rebekah S. , Yaqoob M. Magdi , Mahon Althea , Stoby‐Fields Meagan , Kelly Mike , Varagunam Mira 
Published: August 2008

SUMMARYApproximately 20–30% of patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) have cognitive impairment. Less is known about the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with advanced kidney disease awaiting the initiation of dialysis. Routine cognitive assessment was implemented in the pre‐dialysis clinic, which enabled the Nephrologist and Pre‐dialysis Nurse to identify those patients with impaired cognitive function and utilise this information to assess the suitability for self‐care treatments, such as peritoneal dialysis, as well as to adapt information to meet their needs. Subsequently, a cross‐sectional single‐centre audit was undertaken to identify the prevalence of cognitive impairment in 132 consecutive new referrals to the pre‐dialysis clinic using the Mini‐mental State Examination (MMSE). Twenty percent (95% CI = 0.13, 0.27) were classified as cognitively impaired. Those with cognitive impairment were significantly older, and had lower eGFR and higher serum creatinine. It can be concluded that approximately 1 in 5 patients attending the pre‐dialysis clinic has cognitive impairment, which may not be apparent on a routine clinical history. Cognitive function assessment is recommended for all, but particularly to the older patient, before advising on choice of dialysis modality or opting for conservative treatment.
FACILITATING DIETARY CHANGE IN RENAL DISEASE: INVESTIGATING PATIENTS’ PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Hollingdale Rachel , Sutton Debbie , Hart Kathryn 
Published: August 2008

SUMMARYBackground: Renal diets are arguably the most restrictive for any patient group, and many of the restrictions contradict current recommendations for healthy eating.Objectives. This study aims to explore the knowledge and beliefs of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients about the role of diet in their disease presentation and management.Methods: Focus groups (FG) with nephrology and dialysis patients informed the development of a questionnaire. Patient experiences and knowledge of diet‐disease links and their education needs were explored.Results: Renal diets were not always perceived as compatible with other dietary advice, and often difficult to integrate with family and social occasions. Eighty percent respondents said they would like to receive dietary advice as soon as they know they have renal damage. Renal dietitians were identified as the most reliable and trustworthy source of dietary information, followed by renal specialist doctors.Conclusion: Early dietetic intervention would be welcomed by patients, with group work and ‘expert patient’ assistance offering one means of delivering this service in a patient‐centred way.