bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Hg2+‐Gated Chiral Molecular Switch Created by Using Binaphthalene Molecules with Two Anthracene Units and Two 1,3‐Dithiole‐2‐thione (1,3‐Dithiole‐2‐one) Units
Authors: Wang Cheng , Zhang Deqing , Zhang Guanxin , Xiang Junfeng , Zhu Daoben 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBy integrating the features of anthracene, 1,3‐dithiole‐2‐thione, and binaphthalene units, (S)‐1 and its analogue (S)‐2, which contains two 1,3‐dithiole‐2‐one units instead of 1,3‐dithiole‐2‐thione, were studied for creating a new molecular regulation system and building a gated chiral molecular switch. The results show that the photodimerization is controlled by the remote functional‐group transformation of CS into CO, thus providing an elegant example of molecular regulation. The photodimerization of two anthracene units induces circular dichroism (CD) spectral variation. Overall, the CD spectrum can be remotely modulated by Hg2+ in (S)‐1, which leads to an Hg2+‐gated chiral molecular switch.
Phase 2 trial of pemetrexed disodium and gemcitabine in advanced urothelial cancer (E4802)
Authors: Dreicer Robert , Li Hailun , Cooney Matthew M. , Wilding George , Roth Bruce J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.There is a need to identify active new regimens in patients with advanced urothelial cancer. Pemetrexed and gemcitabine are active agents in advanced urothelial cancer. A phase 2 trial of the combination of these 2 agents was performed in patients with advanced urothelial cancer who were previously untreated for metastatic disease.METHODS.Forty‐six patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma received pemetrexed disodium 500 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 intravenously on Day 1, with gemcitabine repeated on Day 8. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks for a maximum of 6 cycles.RESULTS.Two patients attained a complete response, and 12 patients attained a partial response for an overall response rate of 31.8% (90% confidence interval, 20.4%–45.2%). The median time to disease progression was 5.8 months, and the median overall survival was 13.4 months. Thirty‐three patients (75%) experienced grade ≥3 neutropenia, and 5 patients (11%) had febrile neutropenia. There were 2 therapy‐related deaths.CONCLUSIONS.The combination of pemetrexed and gemcitabine had moderate antitumor activity in previously untreated patients with advanced urothelial cancer at the expense of significant myelosuppression. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
How many sentinel lymph nodes are enough during sentinel lymph node dissection for breast cancer?
Authors: Yi Min , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Ross Merrick I. , Akins Jeri S. , Hwang Rosa F. , Lucci Anthony , Kuerer Henry M. , Babiera Gildy V. , Gilcrease Michael Z. , Hunt Kelly K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.It remains unclear how many sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) must be removed to accurately predict lymph node status during SLN dissection in breast cancer. The objective of this study was to determine how many SLNs need to be removed for accurate lymph node staging and which patient and tumor characteristics influence this number.METHODS.The authors reviewed data for all patients in their prospective database with clinical tumor, lymph node, metastasis (TNM) T1 through T3, N0, M0 breast cancer who underwent lymphatic mapping at their institution during the years 1994 through 2006. There were 777 patients who had at least 1 SLN that was positive for cancer. Simple and multiple quantile regression analyses were used to determine which patient and tumor characteristics were associated with the number of positive SLNs. The baseline number of SLNs that needed to be dissected for detection of 99% of positive SLNs in the total group of patients also was determined.RESULTS.The mean number of SLNs removed in the 777 lymph node‐positive patients was 2.9 (range, 1‐13 SLNs). Greater than 99% of positive SLNs were identified in the first 5 lymph nodes removed. On univariate analysis, tumor histology, patient race, tumor location, and tumor size significantly affected the number of SLNs that needed to be removed to identify 99% of all positive SLNs. On multivariate analysis, mixed ductal and lobular histology, Caucasian race, inner quadrant tumor location, and T1 tumor classification significantly increased the number of SLNs that needed to be removed to achieve 99% recovery of all positive SLNs.CONCLUSIONS.In general, the removal of a maximum of 5 SLNs at surgery allowed for the recovery of >99% of positive SLNs in patients with breast cancer. The current findings indicated that tumor histology, patient race, and tumor size and location may influence this number. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Histologic grade is correlated with outcome after resection of hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Cho Clifford S. , Labow Daniel M. , Tang Laura , Klimstra David S. , Loeffler Agnes G. , Leverson Glen E. , Fong Yuman , Jarnagin William R. , D'Angelica Michael I. , Weber Sharon M. , Blumgart Leslie H. , DeMatteo Ronald P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The behavior of neuroendocrine neoplasms is poorly defined, and predictors of outcome after surgical resection have yet to be identified. Consequently, guidelines for treatment remain unclear. Current pathologic classification systems do not permit meaningful discrimination of hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.METHODS.The authors reviewed prospectively maintained databases from 2 institutions of patients who underwent hepatic resection for neuroendocrine neoplasms between 1990 and 2006. Patient, tumor, and operative characteristics were analyzed to identify factors associated with overall survival, progression‐free survival, and symptom control. Hepatic neoplasms were stratified by using a 3‐tier pathologic classification system based on the number of mitotic figures and the presence of tumor necrosis that was recently validated for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.RESULTS.Seventy patients were identified from the databases. Low‐grade, intermediate‐grade, and high‐grade neoplasms were identified in 53%, 37%, and 10% of patients, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 51 months, the median overall survival for all patients was 91 months, and it was 108 months when 7 patients with high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinomas were excluded. Progressive disease was eventually observed in 81% of patients, and the median progression‐free survival was 17 months. The median time to the onset of symptoms was 39 months for patients who presented with hormonal symptoms and 80 months for all patients. Histologic grade was associated with poorer overall and progression‐free survival.CONCLUSIONS.When performed in a context of aggressive multimodality therapy, long‐term outcomes after partial hepatectomy for hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms were favorable; however, disease progression was eventually observed in the majority of patients. Several oncologic variables were associated with significant differences in survival after resection. A novel pathologic classification system appears to enhance prognostic stratification of patients with hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Normalization of bone markers is associated with improved survival in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors and elevated bone resorption receiving zoledronic acid
Authors: Lipton Allan , Cook Richard , Saad Fred , Major Pierre , Garnero Patrick , Terpos Evangelos , Brown Janet E. , Coleman Robert E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.For patients with bone metastases, high N‐telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) levels correlate with increased risks of skeletal‐related events and death. However, the relation between NTX decreases and clinical benefits is unclear.METHODS.Correlations between NTX normalization during treatment and clinical outcome were retrospectively analyzed in 3 large, phase 3 trials. Urinary NTX levels were measured at baseline and at Month 3 in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer (BC; n = 578), hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (HRPC; n = 472), or nonsmall‐cell lung cancer and other solid tumors (NSCLC/OST; n = 291) who received zoledronic acid or control (pamidronate for BC; placebo for HRPC and NSCLC/OST) for up to 24 months. NTX levels were characterized as normal (N; <64 nmol/mmol creatinine) or elevated (E; ≥64 nmol/mmol creatinine).RESULTS.After 3 months of zoledronic acid, most N‐group patients maintained normal levels; however, most E‐group patients normalized their NTX levels (BC, 81%; HRPC, 70%; NSCLC/OST, 81%). In contrast, NTX levels normalized with pamidronate in 65% of BC, with placebo in 8% of HRPC, and in 17% of NSCLC/OST E‐group patients. Normalized NTX correlated with improved overall survival versus persistently elevated NTX (significant for zoledronic acid‐treated patients; trend for placebo‐treated patients). Moreover, percentage reductions from baseline NTX levels correlated with benefits regardless of whether patients transitioned from E to N.CONCLUSIONS.Zoledronic acid normalizes or maintains normal NTX levels in most patients with bone metastases. Normalized NTX within 3 months of treatment, versus persistently elevated NTX, was associated with reduced risks of skeletal complications and death. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated, DNA‐dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, and Ku heterodimeric regulatory complex 86‐kD subunit expression in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Xing Jinliang , Wu Xifeng , Vaporciyan Ara A. , Spitz Margaret R. , Gu Jian 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The double‐strand break (DSB) repair capacity has been implicated in the survival of patients in several cancer types. However, little is known about the prognostic importance of the key DSB repair genes—ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM), DNA‐dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA‐PKcs), and the Ku heterodimeric regulatory complex 86‐kD subunit (Ku80)—in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To address this issue, the authors determined the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of these genes in patients NSCLC and assessed their prognostic relevance.METHODS.mRNA expression levels of ATM, DNA‐PKcs, and Ku80 were measured in tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 140 patients with NSCLC by using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Then, a Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan‐Meier plots were used to evaluate the association between the tumor:normal (T/N) expression ratios of the 3 genes and the overall survival rate and duration in patients with NSCLC.RESULTS.mRNA expression of ATM and DNA‐PKcs, but not of Ku80, was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P = .003 and P < .001, respectively). The high T/N expression ratios of ATM and DNA‐PKcs were associated significantly with a 1.82‐fold increased risk of death (95% confidence interval, 1.05–2.70) and a 2.13‐fold increased risk of death (95% confidence interval, 1.21–3.76), respectively. However, no significant association with risk was observed for Ku80. Kaplan‐Meier analyses revealed that patients with high T/N expression ratios of ATM or DNA‐PKcs had notably shorter median survival than patients with low ratios.CONCLUSIONS.The current findings suggested that the T/N expression ratios of ATM and DNA‐PKcs may be useful for identifying NSCLC patients with a poor prognosis who may benefit from more aggressive therapy. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Effect of exercise on upper extremity pain and dysfunction in head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: McNeely Margaret L. , Parliament Matthew B. , Seikaly Hadi , Jha Naresh , Magee David J. , Haykowsky Mark J. , Courneya Kerry S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Shoulder pain and disability are well recognized complications associated with surgery for head and neck cancer. This study was designed to examine the effects of progressive resistance exercise training (PRET) on upper extremity pain and dysfunction in postsurgical head and neck cancer survivors.METHODS.Fifty‐two head and neck cancer survivors were assigned randomly to PRET (n = 27) or a standardized therapeutic exercise protocol (TP) (n = 25) for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in patient‐rated shoulder pain and disability from baseline to postintervention. Secondary endpoints were upper extremity strength and endurance, range of motion, fatigue, and quality of life.RESULTS.Follow‐up assessment for the primary outcome was 92%, and adherence to the supervised PRET and TP programs were 95% and 87%, respectively. On the basis of intention‐to‐treat analyses, PRET was superior to TP for improving shoulder pain and disability (−9.6; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], −16.4 to −4.5; P = .001), upper extremity strength (+10.8 kg; 95% CI, 5.4–16.2 kg; P < .001), and upper extremity endurance (+194 repetitions × kg; 95% CI, 10–378 repetitions × kg; P = .039). Changes in neck dissection impairment, fatigue, and quality of life favored the PRET group but did not reach statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS.The PRET program significantly reduced shoulder pain and disability and improved upper extremity muscular strength and endurance in head and neck cancer survivors who had shoulder dysfunction because of spinal accessory nerve damage. Clinicians should consider the addition of PRET in the rehabilitation of postsurgical head and neck cancer survivors. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma detected by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Tang Linglong , Li Li , Mao Yanping , Liu Lizhi , Liang Shaobo , Chen Yong , Sun Ying , Liao Xinbiao , Tian Li , Lin Aihua , Liu Mengzhong , Ma Jun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Retropharyngeal lymph node (RLN) metastasis was not included in the current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system (6th edition) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).The object of the current study was to investigate the prognostic value and staging categories of RLN metastasis in NPC detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).METHODS.All 924 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed NPC were examined with MRI before treatment with definitive intent radiotherapy.RESULTS.The incidence of RLN metastasis was 73.5%. On multivariate analysis, RLN metastasis was found to be an independent prognostic factor for distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) in all patients (P= .040). In patients with N0 disease, significant differences were observed between patients with and those without RLN metastasis after adjusting for T classification (P= .046). With regard to laterality, no significant differences were observed in DMFS between patients with unilateral and bilateral RLN metastasis in N0 disease (P= .734). No significant difference in the hazards ratios for either DMFS or disease‐free survival (DFS) was found between patients with N0 disease with RLN metastasis and patients with N1 disease (P= .092 andP= .149, respectively). When RLN was classified as N1 disease, there was a better segregation of different N classifications in terms of DFS and DMFS curves, whereas the difference in hazards ratios for N0 and N1 disease was more obvious in DMFS (from 0.461 vs 0.785 to 0.317 vs 0.690).CONCLUSIONS.The results of the current MRI‐based study demonstrate that RLN metastasis affects the DMFS rates of NPC. The authors propose that RLN metastasis be classified as N1 disease, regardless of its laterality. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Prophylactic antibiotics reduce morbidity due to septicemia during intensive treatment for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kurt Beth , Flynn Patricia , Shenep Jerry L. , Pounds Stanley , Lensing Shelly , Ribeiro Raul C. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Razzouk Bassem I. , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The aim of this study was to determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis during periods of neutropenia reduced streptococcal (S. viridans) sepsis and overall bacterial sepsis.METHODS.The authors reviewed outcomes of 78 evaluable patients who were consecutively treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from October 2002 through January 2007. Several successive prophylactic antibiotic regimens were used. All patients received antifungal prophylaxis with oral voriconazole.RESULTS.Oral cephalosporins did not significantly reduce the odds of bacterial sepsis (P = .81) or streptococcal (S. viridans) sepsis (P = .90) relative to no prophylaxis. Intravenous (iv) cefepime completely prevented streptococcal (S. viridans) sepsis and reduced the odds of bacterial sepsis 91% (P < .0001) relative to no prophylaxis, but resistant gram‐negative bacteria emerged in 2 patients. Vancomycin with oral ciprofloxacin or a cephalosporin reduced the odds of bacterial sepsis by 93% (P < .0001) and streptococcal (S. viridans) sepsis by 99% (P < .0001). The fungal infection rate did not differ significantly between patients who did and did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis (1.0 per 1000 patient‐days for both groups). The observed reduction in average hospital days per chemotherapy course for patients given vancomycin regimens or cefepime was 5.7 (P < .0001) and 4.1 (P = .0039) days, respectively. No reduction was observed with oral cephalosporins (P = .10). Furthermore, vancomycin regimens or cefepime were associated with a 20% reduction in healthcare charges (P = .0015) relative to using no antibiotics. One patient, who was on oral cefuroxime alone, died of septicemia.CONCLUSIONS.Prophylaxis with intravenous cefepime or a vancomycin regimen, and voriconazole, reduced morbidity in children with AML, and resulted indramatic decreases in the incidence of septicemia and hospitalization days. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
A pathway for predation in the brain of the barn owl (Tyto alba): Projections of the gracile nucleus to the “claw area” of the rostral wulst via the dorsal thalamus
Authors: Wild J.M. , Kubke M.F. , Peña J.L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe Wulst of birds, which is generally considered homologous with the isocortex of mammals, is an elevation on the dorsum of the telencephalon that is particularly prominent in predatory species, especially those with large, frontally placed eyes, such as owls. The Wulst, therefore, is largely visual, but a relatively small rostral portion is somatosensory in nature. In barn owls, this rostral somatosensory part of the Wulst forms a unique physical protuberance dedicated to the representation of the contralateral claw. Here we investigate whether the input to this “claw area” arises from dorsal thalamic neurons that, in turn, receive their somatosensory input from the gracile nucleus. After injections of biotinylated dextran amine into the gracile nucleus and cholera toxin B chain into the claw area, terminations from the former and retrogradely labeled neurons from the latter overlapped substantially in the thalamic nucleus dorsalis intermedius ventralis anterior. These results indicate the existence in this species of a “classical” trisynaptic somatosensory pathway from the body periphery to the telencephalic Wulst, via the dorsal thalamus, one that is likely involved in the barn owl's predatory behavior. The results are discussed in the context of somatosensory projections, primarily in this and other avian species. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:156–166, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic input to dentate granule cell basal dendrites in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Thind Khushdev K. , Ribak Charles E. , Buckmaster Paul S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn patients with temporal lobe epilepsy some dentate granule cells develop basal dendrites. The extent of excitatory synaptic input to basal dendrites is unclear, nor is it known whether basal dendrites receive inhibitory synapses. We used biocytin to intracellularly label individual granule cells with basal dendrites in epileptic pilocarpine‐treated rats. An average basal dendrite had 3.9 branches, was 612 μm long, and accounted for 16% of a cell's total dendritic length. In vivo intracellular labeling and postembedding GABA‐immunocytochemistry were used to evaluate synapses with basal dendrites reconstructed from serial electron micrographs. An average of 7% of 1,802 putative synapses were formed by GABA‐positive axon terminals, indicating synaptogenesis by interneurons. Ninety‐three percent of the identified synapses were GABA‐negative. Most GABA‐negative synapses were with spines, but at least 10% were with dendritic shafts. Multiplying basal dendrite length/cell and synapse density yielded an estimate of 180 inhibitory and 2,140 excitatory synapses per granule cell basal dendrite. Based on previous estimates of synaptic input to granule cells in control rats, these findings suggest an average basal dendrite receives ≈14% of the total inhibitory and 19% of excitatory synapses of a cell. These findings reveal that basal dendrites are a novel source of inhibitory input, but they primarily receive excitatory synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:190–202, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical Solutions in a Quantum Solvent: Anionic Electrolytes in 4He Nanodroplets
Authors: Coccia Emanuele , Marinetti Fabio , Bodo Enrico , Gianturco Francesco A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractVariational and diffusion Monte Carlo (VMC and DMC) calculations are presented for anionic electrolytes solvated in 4He. The electrolytes have the general structure X−(He)N, with X=F, Cl, Br and I, and N varying up to 40 (41 for I−). The overall interaction potential is obtained from accurate ab initio data for the two‐body components and then using the sum‐of‐potentials approximation. Our computational scheme is a robust procedure, giving us accurate trial wavefunctions that can be used to perform high‐quality DMC calculations. The results indicate very marked delocalization and permanence of the liquid‐like quantum features of the solvent adatoms surrounding the anionic impurities. This finding stands in contrast to the more structured, solid‐like behavior of the quantum solutions with alkali metal cations embedded in He nanodroplets. While other negatively charged species such as H− have shown an overall repulsive interaction with He, the present calculations clearly indicate that the halogen anions remain solvated within liquid‐like solvent “bubbles” of species‐dependent size.
Synthesis, Structural, Thermal and Magnetic Characterization of a Pyrophosphato‐Bridged Cobalt(II) Complex
Authors: Ikotun Oluwatayo F. , Ouellette Wayne , Lloret Francesc , Kruger Paul E. , Julve Miguel , Doyle Robert P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe reaction in water of CoII sulfate heptahydrate with 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) and sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7) in a 2:4:1 stoichiometric ratio resulted in the crystallization of a neutral dinuclear CoII complex, {[Co(phen)2]2(μ‐P2O7)}·6MeOH (1), as revealed by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study. The bridging pyrophosphato ligand between the two [Co(phen)2]2+ units in a bis(bidentate) coordination mode places the adjacent metal centers at 4.857 Å distance, and its conformation gives rise to intramolecular π–π stacking interaction between adjacent phen ligands. Indeed, intermolecular π–π stacking interactions between phen ligands from adjacent dinuclear complexes create a supramolecular 2D network in 1. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on a polycrystalline sample of 1 in the temperature range 1.9–295 K are typical of an overall antiferromagnetic coupling with a maximum of the magnetic susceptibility at 3.0 K. The analysis of the magnetic data in the whole temperature range allows the determination of the value of the intramolecular magnetic coupling (J = –1.23 cm–1). The ability of the pyrophosphato ligand to mediate magnetic interactions between different first‐row transition‐metal ions when adopting the bis(bidentate) bridging mode is analyzed and discussed in the light of the small number of magneto‐structural reports on this type of compound, bearing in mind the number of unpaired electrons and type of magnetic orbitals on each metal center. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)