bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peierls Structure of (H3O)0.33Li0.8[Pt(mnt)2]·1.67H2O
Authors: Kobayashi Akiko , Mori Takehiko , Sasaki Yukiyoshi , Kobayashi Hayao , Ahmad M M , Underhill A E 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure determination of the title compound (abbreviated as α-LiPt(mnt) has been performed at room temperature and 153 K. The [Pt(mnt)2]n− (mnt=1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethylenedithiolato, C4N2S22−) anions stack face-to-face along the c-axis with Pt···Pt distance of 3.6 Å. The room temperature structure and the average structure of the 153 K superstructure are almost the same. The room temperature conductivity of α-LiPt(mnt) is about 200 S cm−1, and the compound undergoes a metal-insulator transition (Peierls transition) at 220 K. In α-LiPt(mnt) the conduction pathway is through the ligand-centered π-system which is composed of predominantly S 3pz orbitals. Oscillation photographs about the c-axis show strong satellite spots on the layerlines of (0.41+n)c* and (0.59+n)c* (n=0, ±1, ±2, ···) The content of Li cation reveals that these satellite spots can be described as 2kF spots. The regular appearance of characteristic satellite reflections indicates that α-LiPt(mnt) has a sinusoidally modulated lattice. The wave vector of the lattice modulation wave is k=0.15b*+0.59c* and the amplitude of the lattice modulation wave is 0.045 a⁄a+0.13b⁄b+0.060c⁄c Å. The overlap integrals along face-to-face stacking directions are much larger than the interstack overlap integrals and the resulting large anisotropy indicates that α-LiPt(mnt) is a one-dimensional metal.
Phosphorylation of Nucleosides with Sodium cyclo-Triphosphate
Authors: Tsuhako Mitsutomo , Fujimoto Mayumi , Ohashi Shigeru , Nariai Hiroyuki , Motooka Itaru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Phosphorylation of nucleosides with sodium cyclo-triphosphate (P3m) was studied under various conditions (mixing ratio of P3m to nucleoside, pH, reaction temperature and time). 1) Adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, and uridine were easily phosphorylated by P3m to form selectively nucleoside 2′-monophosphates, 3′-monophosphates, and 2′,3′-cyclic monophosphates. On the other hand, 2′-deoxyadenosine, 3′-deoxyadenosine, 2′-deoxycytidine, and thymidine could not be phosphorylated by P3m. 2) The phosphorylation of adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, and uridine varied strongly, depending on the reaction conditions; mixing ratio, pH, reaction temperature and time. Under conditions of a high mixing ratio of P3m to nucleoside (5:1–10:1), high pH (12–14), high temperature (70–100 °C) for a short time (1–2d) or low temperature (room temperature) for a long time (70–150 d), nucleoside 2′- and 3′-monophosphate could be obtained in high yield (about 50–100%). 3) At the initial stage of the phosphorylation reactions of adenosine, cytidine, and guanosine with P3m, nucleoside 2′,3′-cyclic monophosphates were formed, though a small amount (about 1–3%), but in the course of the reaction for a long time, they were hydrolyzed to nucleoside 2′- and 3′-monophosphates. 4) 2′-deoxyadenosine, 3′-deoxyadenosine, 2′-deoxycytidine, and thymidine could not be phosphorylated by P3m. This means that the presence of hydroxyl groups at the 2′- and 3′-positions of the ribose was necessary for the phosphorylation of nucleosides with P3m. 5) Phosphorylation of nucleosides with short-chain phosphates (ortho-, pyro-, and triphosphate) could not be observed at all. 6) The mechanism of formation of nucleoside 2′-monophosphates, 3′-monophosphates, and 2′,3′-cyclic monophosphates in the phosphorylation of nucleosides with P3m was discussed.
Unstable Excimer Formation in cis-1,2-Di(2-naphthyl)cyclobutane
Authors: Ito Shinzaburo , Yamamoto Masahide , Nishijima Yasunori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An unstable intramolecular excimer which is formed in an excited state of cis-1,2-di(2-naphthyl)cyclobutane is investigated. The excimer formation-rate constants and dissociation-rate constants in fluid solutions at low temperatures were determined by picosecond time-resolving measurements. The formation processes are interpreted in relation to the bending motion of the cyclobutane ring. Photophysical characteristics of unstable excimers are shown in this system.
The Synthesis of Partially-protected 2′-Deoxyribonucleotide Dimers by the Selective Phosphorylation of Stannylated Nucleosides
Authors: Kawana Masajiro , Kuzuhara Hiroyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of the title compounds is described. The activation of the hydroxyl moieties of 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl and 3′,5′-unprotected 2′-deoxyribonucleosides, which were appropriately protected on their base residues, was done with bis(tributyltin) oxide in separate flasks. The resulting stannylated nucleosides were coupled with 2-chlorophenyl phosphorodichloridate to form the dimers with 3′→5′ internucleotide linkages in yields of more than 71%, along with the corresponding 3′→3′ isomers in yields of less than 10%. The method of Cashion et al. was also evaluated, in which up-to-date protecting groups were employed.
Pressure Effect on Conformational Equilibria of 1,2-Dichloroethane and 1,2-Dibromoethane by Means of Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Nomura Hiroyasu , Murasawa Kenji , Ito Nobuyuki , Iida Fumisato , Udagawa Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The conformational equilibria of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane have been investigated through a study of the pressure and temperature dependences of these materials in pure liquid states. The volume changes estimated here under a trans-gauche transformation of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane are −2.7±0.4 and −5.2±0.5 cm3/mol, respectively.
Hydrogenation of 3-Ethoxy-1-propene Catalyzed by Supported Nickel Catalysts
Authors: Matsuhashi Hiromi , Hattori Hideshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Nickel catalysts supported on different kinds of metal oxides were prepared to search for active catalysts for 3-ethoxy-1-propene hydrogenation. Ni/ThO2 and Ni/SiO2–Al2O3 catalysts exhibited high activity and selectivity for 1-ethoxypropane, while Ni/MgO, Ni/CaO, and Ni/La2O3 catalysts preferentially catalyzed double bond migration to 1-ethoxy-1-propene which undergo hydrogenation with difficulty.
Preparation of Tetraalkylammonium N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamides and Their Application to Imination of Phosphorus Compounds and Sulfides
Authors: Yamamoto Tamotsu , Yoshida Daisaburo , Hojyo Jun , Terauchi Hiranari 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tetraalkylammonium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamides were prepared from chloramine T and tetraalkylammonium chlorides as a substance corresponding to anhydrous chloramine T, and found to give rise to the effective tosylimination of phosphorus compounds and diaryl sulfides.
One-pot Synthesis of Alkyl Aryl Trithiocarbonates from Benzenethiols, Alkyl Halides, and Carbon Disulfide with a Phase-transfer Catalyst
Authors: Sugawara Akira , Shirahata Masami , Sato Seiki , Sato Ryu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Various alkyl aryl trithiocarbonates may readily be synthesized in good yield at low temperatures such as 20 °C by allowing trioctylmethylammonium chloride (phase-transfer catalyst) to catalyze reaction of benzenethiols and alkyl halides with carbon disulfide.
Studies of the Hydrous Tin(IV) Oxide Ion-exchanger. III. Affinity for Cations and Some Applications
Authors: Inoue Yasushi , Yamazaki Hiromichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The distribution coefficients of hydrous tin(IV) oxide for various cations were measured. The affinity series for alkali-metal ions and alkaline-earth-metal ions were Li+&gt;&gt;Na+&gt;K+&gt;Rb+≥Cs+ and Mg2+&gt;Ca2+&gt;Sr2+≈Ba2+ respectively; the values decreased in the order of the increasing crystal radii of the cations. For transition-metal ions, which showed a markedly high affinity, the distribution coefficients had a strong correlation with the hydrolysis constants of the cations and the stability constants of their acetato complexes. Based on these findings, the transition-metal ions are considered to be adsorbed on the exchanger by a bond partially covalent in character, rather than by a pure ionic bond. By using NH4Cl and HClO4 solutions as eluants, nearly quantitative separations of Cs–Na–Li and Cs–Na–Sr were effected with a relatively small column. The applicability of the exchanger to the group separation of actinoids from long-lived fission products was also suggested.
Quantum Chemical Consideration of Substituent Effects on Tautomeric Properties of 2-Pyridones–2-Pyridinols
Authors: Kuzuya Masayuki , Noguchi Akihiro , Okuda Takachiyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The tautomeric properties of 2-pyridones–2-pyridinols exerted by the substituent effect were discussed on the basis of quantum chemical quantities deduced from molecular orbital (MO) calculations. A substituent at the 6-position has the greatest stabilizing effect. The magnitude of this effect was greater on the 2-pyridinol form than the 2-pyridone form, irrespective of the nature of the substituent. This led to a large predominance of the 2-pyridinol form on the 6-polar-substituted derivatives to such an extent that it was observed by conventional UV measurements at ambient temperature. In the 6-methyl derivative, the 2-pyridinol form was not observed by a similar measurement due to the weak substituent effect. The association ability is still an important factor in determining tautomeric equilibrium in a solution, resulting in a strong lability to the molecular environment. The substituent effects on the stabilities of both tautomers were shown to be correlated with the N-atomic charges and ring structural modifications of the tautomers.
Copper(II)–Poly(l-histidine) as an Enzyme Model for l-Ascorbate Oxidase
Authors: Ueda Jun-ichi , Hanaki Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The autoxidation catalyzed by copper(II)-poly(l-histidine) was studied by a rapid-mixing spectrophotometric method. The reaction obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The double reciprocal plots of the velocity against the concentrations, i.e. the Lineweaver-Burk plots, of ascorbate and of oxygen gave a straight line. A kinetic analysis of the Lineweaver-Burk plot of the reaction reveals that the autoxidation of ascorbate by Cu(II)–PLH proceeds a so-called Ping-Pong mechanism. Copper(II) ion associates with PLH. The rate of ascorbate autoxidation appeared to depend on the concentration of copper(II) ion in the PLH phase, which is designated as the average binding number. The copper(II) ion concentrated in the PLH phase is highly reactive and is likely to be perturbed by the addition of inert electrolytes. The labile copper(II) ion, which is concentrated in the polymer phase, may be the catalytically active species.
p-n Junction Silicon Electrode Coated with Noble Metal for Efficient Solar Photoelectrolysis of Hydrogen Iodide
Authors: Nakato Yoshihiro , Yoshimura Motomu , Hiramoto Masahiro , Tsumura Akira , Murahashi Toshiaki , Tsubomura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photooxidation of iodide ions on n-type silicon electrodes highly doped with boron from the surface in hydrogen iodide or hydrogen iodide/iodine solutions was investigated. Two doping methods were employed: thermal diffusion and ion implantation. The electrode was remarkably stabilized by coating with a 2 to 3 nm-thick platinum layer, followed by heat-treatment at about 400 °C for ca. 10 min. The photocurrent was stable for more than 500 h at a density of the order of 10 mA cm−2. The boron-doped and Pt-coated n-Si electrode also generated a photovoltage much higher than that for a Pt-coated n-Si electrode, showing an advantage of forming the p-n junction. Photoelectrochemical cells made of a boron-doped-Pt-coated n-Si electrode, a platinized Pt counter electrode, and a commercial cation exchange membrane were found to photoelectrolyze hydrogen iodide without externally applied voltage into hydrogen and iodine with a solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency (φchems) under simulated AM 1 solar radiation of 8.2%, probably the highest of the φchems values observed for the cells working without external voltage.
Determination of Trace Amounts of Copper as the Complex with Bathocuproinedisulfonate after Enrichment in the Thin Layer of Anion-exchange Resin
Authors: Ohta Masaaki , Ohzeki Kunio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple and selective method for the determination of trace amounts of copper is developed. The method is based on the concentration of copper as the complex with bathocuproinedisulfonate (BCS) with the use of finely divided anion-exchange resin, collection of the resin on a membrane filter as the disk of thin layer, and determination of the colored complex in the resin phase by densitometry. The copper(I)–BCS complex in sample volumes ranging from 50–200 cm3 was effectively concentrated by factors ranging from 2500–10000. The method was applied to tap water. Copper at ppb (μg dm−3) level was successfully determined.
Optical and ESR Studies on the Micellar Formation with Surfactant Cu(II)–Porphyrin
Authors: Tajima Kunihiko , Ishikawa Yuji , Mukai Kazuo , Ishizu Kazuhiko , Sakurai Hiromu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new surface-active porphyrin, 1-dodecyl-4-(10,15,20-triphenyl-5-porphinyl)pyridinium bromide, and its copper complex (Cu(II)DPyTPP) were synthesized. In toluene, chloroform and ethanol, a typical ESR hyperfine structure (hfs) ascribable to monomeric Cu(II) porphyrin was observed. In ethanol containing a buffer of pH=7.4, a reversible formation of the micellar colloid which is strongly dependent on the water/ethanol mixing ratio, was confirmed based on mearsurements of ESR line broadening and the splitting of the Soret band.
1H-NMR Study of the Aromatic-ring Motion in 3,12-Dithia[4.4]metaparacyclophanes
Authors: Tsuchiya Kazuhiko , Takemura Tetsuo , Mori Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In 10-substituted 3,12-dithia[4.4]metaparacyclophanes, the free energy barrier to the rotation of the para-bridged ring increases with the substituent in the order: H&lt;F&lt;CH3O&lt;Cl, whereas for the flipping of the meta-bridged ring, the order of CH3O and Cl is reversed. This is discussed in terms of the steric-size anisotropy of the CH3O group.
A.c. Polarographic Study of Ion Transfer at the Water/Nitrobenzene Interface
Authors: Osakai Toshiyuki , Kakutani Tadaaki , Senda Mitsugi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The transfer of tetramethylammonium (TMA+) ion across the interface between a 0.1 mol dm−3 LiCl aqueous solution and a 0.1 mol dm−3 tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate nitrobenzene solution was investigated by means of phase-selective a.c. polarography. In recording the a.c. polarographic current a two-electrode cell system was used and the ohmic drop due to solution resistance in the cell was compensated for by positive feedback. The ion-transfer admittance vs. potential curves were determined in the a.c. frequency range between 10 and 100 Hz and the kinetic parameters of the TMA+-ion transfer across the water/nitrobenzene interface were determined.
The Thermal Intramolecular Redox Reaction of N,N′-Ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato)(2,4-alkanedionato)cobalt(III) in the Solid State
Authors: Kinoshita Setsuko , Miyokawa Kikuo , Wakita Hisanobu , Masuda Isao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title complexes with the [COIII(salen)L2] formula, where salen denotes N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato) dianion and L2, bidentate 2,4-alkanedionato anions, like the pent, hex, hept, or non anions, underwent thermally induced, intramolecular one-electron transfer reaction from L2 to Co(III) in the solid state to give [CoII(salen)] in a stoichiometric amount. The gaseous products evolved on the pyrolysis included 1/2 mol of free 2,4-alkanedione, corresponding to the L2 of the complexes, per mole of the complexes. The pyrolysis reaction process was described by the contracting-disk equation for all the complexes. The rate constants increased in the following order of L2: pent&lt;hex&lt;hept&lt;non. The activation enthalpy values were found to increase in the same order. These solid-state reactions are found to be predominantly controlled by the activation entropy.
Hydrophobic Vitamin B12. II. Coordination Geometry and Redox Behavior of Heptamethyl Cobyrinate in Nonaqueous Media
Authors: Murakami Yukito , Hisaeda Yoshio , Kajihara Akiro , Ohno Teruhisa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The nuclear cobalt(II) ion in heptamethyl cobyrinate iodide, Cob(II)ester·I, was found to assume a distorted square-planar geometry of Co–N4 type with iodide as a counterion in a polar solvent (methanol) and a square-pyramidal one of Co–N4I type with the iodide ion coordinated at one of the axial positions in apolar solvents such as dichloromethane, benzene, and toluene. The redox chemistry of Cob(II)ester·I and heptamethyl cobyrinate perchlorate, [Cob(II)ester]ClO4, was investigated in various organic solvents by means of cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential electrolysis. The Co(II)/Co(I) and Co(III)/Co(II) redox potentials for [Cob(II)ester]ClO4 exhibited cathodic shifts as either solvent basicity or polarity was raised, and were found to be in the anodic side relative to the corresponding potentials for CoII(tpp) under identical conditions. The medium effect on the redox behavior of hydrophobic vitamin B12 was discussed in connection with the microenvironmental effect on vitamin B12 placed in the enzyme active sites.
The Ruthenium Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives from Nitroarenes and Aliphatic Alcohols
Authors: Watanabe Yoshihisa , Tsuji Yasushi , Shida Jun 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Nitroarenes are reductively converted into quinoline derivatives with aliphatic alcohols in the presence of a catalytic amount of ruthenium compound at 180 °C. Ruthenium(III) chloride is the most effective catalyst. The reaction of nitrobenzene with 1-propanol and 1-butanol gave 2-ethyl-3-methylquinoline and 3-ethyl-2-propylquinoline in 65 and 70% yields respectively. p-Methoxynitrobenzene gave 3-ethyl-6-methoxy-2-propylquinoline in 70% yield with 1-butanol. The reaction appears to include the redox reaction between the nitroarenes and the alcohols, that is, a catalytic hydrogen transfer reaction which generates the aminoarenes and aldehydes. Thus, the alcohol plays roles as both a reductant and an aldehyde precursor.
Reactivities of Stable Rotamers. XII. Reactions of 9-(2-Bromomethyl-6-methylphenyl)fluorene Rotamers with Nucleophiles
Authors: Murata Shigeru , Kanno Seiichiro , Tanabe Yo , Nakamura Mikio , Oki Michinori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Rates of some substitution reactions of 9-(2-bromomethyl-6-methylphenyl)fluorene rotamers with nucleophiles are compared. Methanolysis of the rotamers proceeded smoothly in the sp form but was sluggish in the ap. Reactions of the sp form with sodium methoxide afforded 6-methylspiro[benzocyclobutene-1(2H), 9′-[9H]fluorene] and sp-9-(2-methoxymethyl-6-methylphenyl)fluorene, the former being a minor product. In addition to these, isomerization to the ap was detected. In contrast, the ap form afforded the spiro compound as a major product and the ap form of the methoxy compound as a minor product. Menschutkin reactions with pyridine bases were much faster in the sp form than in the ap. These results are attributed to the steric effect in the transition states of the reactions: the sp form reacts much faster than the ap because of the presence of the fluorene moiety in proximity of the reaction site in the latter.
Total Synthesis of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics, Apramycin and Saccharocin (KA-5685)
Authors: Tatsuta Kuniaki , Akimoto Kohji , Takahashi Hideaki , Hamatsu Takao , Annaka Masahiko , Kinoshita Mitsuhiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Apramycin and saccharocin (KA-5685) have been synthesized from previously synthesized neamine (3). Addition of allylmagnesium chloride to 4-O-[3′,4′-O-cyclohexylidene-2′-deoxy-2′-(tosylamino)-α-d-gluco-hexodialdo-1′,5′-pyranosyl]-5,6-O-cyclohexylidene-1,3-di-N-tosyl-2-deoxystreptamine which was derived from 3 through the 6′-N-oxide, gave 4-O-[3′,4′-O-cyclohexylidene-2′,7′,8′,9′-tetradeoxy-2′-(tosylamino)-l-glycero- and d-glycero-α-d-gluco-non-8′-enopyranosyl]-5,6-O-cyclohexylidene-1,3-di-N-tosyl-2-deoxystreptamines which were in turn converted into 4-O-[(8′S)-7′-N,6′-O-carbonyl-2′,3′,7′-trideoxy-8′-O-methyl-7′-(methylamino)-2′-(tosylamino)-d-glycero-α-d-allo-octodialdo-1′,5′:8′,4′-dipyranos-1′-yl]-5,6-O-cyclohexylidene-1,3-di-N-tosyl-2-deoxystreptamine (25), via azidonitration of 1-N-acetyl-4-O-[3′,6′-di-O-acetyl-4′,8′-anhydro-2′,7′-dideoxy-2′-(tosylamino)-l-glycero-α-d-gluco-oct-7′-enopyranos-1′-yl]-5,6-O-cyclohexylidene-1,3-di-N-tosyl-2-deoxystreptamine and epimerization of the 6′-hydroxyl group. Successive deprotection of 25 afforded aprosamine, from which 1,2′,3,7′-tetrakis(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)aprosamine (28) was prepared, and glycosidation of 28 with 4-azido-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-4-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride or 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride, followed by hydrogenolysis, completed the total synthesis.
Preparation of New Nitrogen-bridged Heterocydes. 8. Syntheses of Some Fused Indolizine Derivatives via the Acid-catalyzed Cyclizations of Functionalized 1- and 3-Vinylindolizines
Authors: Kakehi Akikazu , Ito Suketaka , Murakami Shinji , Sano Hiroaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Pyrano[3,2-a] and pyrano[2,3-b]indolizin-2-one derivatives were prepared in 12–86% yields by the acid-catalyzed deacetylation-cyclization of 2-acetoxy-1- and 3-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl]indolizines with concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature. On the other hand, similar reactions of 2-acetoxy-3-[1,2-bis(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl]indolizines did not give the initially expected pyrano[2,3-b]indolizinones at all, but, instead of them, afforded 3-(methoxycarbonylmethylene)furo[2,3-b]indolizin-2-one derivatives in fair yields. Formation mechanisms and some physical properties are also discussed.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies on the Kölbel-Engelhardt Reaction over an Iron Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Miyata Yasushi , Akimoto Masamichi , Ooba Nobukazu , Echigoya Etsuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The yield and selectivity to hydrocarbons in the Kölbel-Engelhardt (KE) reaction over a Fe2O3 catalyst at 548–593 K under atmospheric pressure were as low as 0.6–2.2% and 2.0–3.8%, respectively, but the observed four characteristic features of the reaction, i.e., the distribution of produced hydrocarbons following the Schulz-Flory plot, the decrease in propagation probability with increasing reaction temperature, nearly the same value of propagation probability irrespective of a great change in contact time of the reaction, and the remarkable decrease in the yield ratio of olefins to paraffins with increasing contact time of the reaction agreed with the common features of the synthesis of hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The catalyst was composed of Fe3O4 with a low concentration of χ-type carbide (Fe5C2) during the KE reaction, and the results of the effect of contact time on the reaction revealed that formation of hydrocarbons took place following the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction. Furthermore, both the rates of formation of hydrocarbons in the reactions of carbided iron catalyst (Fe5C2) with H2O and with H2 at 573 K were smaller by a factor of &gt;5 than the rate of formation of hydrocarbons in the KE reaction at a steady state at 573 K. Thus, it is concluded that a much greater portion of hydrocarbons produced in the KE reaction was via a sequential reaction pathway involving the WGS reaction followed by the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, not via the decomposition of carbided iron catalyst with H2O and its reduction with H2. Based on the observed increase in the catalytic activity of Fe2O3 upon addition of a small amount of such metal oxides as Cu, Pt, Co, Ni, and Rh oxides, the mechanical mixture of a WGS reaction catalyst and a Fischer-Tropsch reaction catalyst is proposed to be an effective catalyst for the production of hydrocarbons and one illustration of this view is presented.