bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions Between Warfarin and Three Commonly Prescribed Fluoroquinolones
Authors: Carroll Douglas N , Carroll Dana G 
Published: April 2008

Objective: To critically evaluate a possible increased anticoagulant response during concomitant warfarin and fluoroquinolone therapy. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and MEDLINE, from inception to January 2008, combining the term warfarin individually with ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. These 3 quinolones were selected based on their commercial availability and use in the US. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All publication types including human participants and published in English were eligible for review. Reports were selected based on the use of typical treatment courses of fluoroquinolones during concomitant warfarin therapy and the reporting of prothrombin time (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR). Data Synthesis: Twenty-two publications were evaluated including 16 case reports or case series, 2 retrospective cohort studies, and 4 prospective studies, which included 2 placebo-controlled investigations, identified reports covered a wide range of patient ages with multiple comorbidities. Changes in PT and INR values were considerably variable and inconsistent during concomitant warfarin and fluoroquinolone therapy. Results from the 6 structured reports demonstrated mean increases in PT and INR values that were clinically insignificant. However, some patients experienced significant increases above the desired therapeutic range. Increased anticoagulation was typically observed within the first week of concomitant fluoroquinolone therapy. Bleeding complications during times of increased anticoagulation were not always observed, but did result in death for 2 patients. Conclusions: Published data show no consistent increase in anticoagulant effects during concomitant warfarin and 3 commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones. Therefore, more frequent monitoring during concomitant therapy would be prudent.
Corticosteroids for Prevention of Postextubation Laryngeal Edema in Adults
Authors: Roberts Russel J , Welch Shannon M , Devlin John W 
Published: April 2008

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic corticosteroid therapy in preventing postextubation laryngeal edema (PELE) and the need for reintubation in adults. Data Sources: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966-January 2008) and the Cochrane Library using the terms laryngeal edema, airway obstruction, postextubation stridor, intubation, glucocorticoids, and corticosteroids. Bibliographies of cited references were reviewed and a manual search of abstracts from recent pulmonary and critical care meetings was completed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language, placebo-controlled, randomized studies evaluating the use of prophylactic corticosteroids for the prevention of postextubation laryngeal edema or postextubation stridor (PES) in adults were reviewed. Data Synthesis: Although laryngoscopy is the gold standard method for diagnosing PELE, PES is more commonly used for diagnosis in clinical practice. While 3 older studies failed to demonstrate benefit with the prophylactic administration of corticosteroid therapy in terms of reducing PELE, PES, or the need for reintubation, each of these studies evaluated only a single dose of steroid therapy that was initiated only 30-60 minutes prior to a planned extubation in a population of patients at low-risk for PELE. In comparison, 3 newer studies, each using 4 doses of corticosteroid therapy initiated 12-24 hours prior to a planned extubation in patients deemed to be at high baseline risk for developing PELE, demonstrated a reduction in PELE, PES, and the need for reintubation; no safety concerns were identified. Current evidence therefore suggests that prophylactic intravenous methylprednisolone therapy (20-40 mg every 4-6 h) should be considered 12-24 hours prior to a planned extubation in patients at high-risk for PELE (eg, mechanical ventilation >6 days). Conclusions: Data from the most recent well-designed clinical trials suggest that prophylactic corticosteroid therapy can reduce the incidence of PELE and the subsequent need for reintubation in mechanically ventilated patients at high-risk for PELE. Based on this information, clinicians should consider initiating prophylactic corticosteroid therapy in this population. Further studies are needed to establish the optimal dosing regimens as well as the subgroups of patients at high risk for PELE who will derive the greatest benefit from this preventive steroid therapy.
Comparison of Two Point-of-Care Lipid Analyzers for Use in Global Cardiovascular Risk Assessments
Authors: Dale Rita A , Jensen Lisa H , Krantz Mori J 
Published: April 2008

Background: Point-of-care (POC) lipid testing is increasingly used in community-and office-based practice. Two analyzers commonly used in the US are CardioChek PA and Cholostech LDX. Both directly measure total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), mandatory values in calculating a Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The FRS in turn informs the clinician of the need for lipid-modifying therapy and the degree of therapeutic intensity. Objective: To compare the performance of CardioChek PA and Cholestech LDX. Methods: Staff members from the Colorado Prevention Center were included in the study, with all having fasted for 12 hours beforo the testing. No medical history was obtained. A venous blood sample was collected for lipid measurements conducted in a laboratory, and 2 finger sticks were obtained at that time and analyzed immediately on-site using the POC analyzers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined for each analyzer versus the laboratory analysis, with values greater than 0.75 defined as Indicators of excellent reproducibility. We then assessed how interanalyzer differences in TC or HDL-C impacted the FRS lipid categorization. Results: Thirty-four adults (aged 24-56 y) participated in the study. The ICC between Cholestech LDX and the laboratory standard exceeded 075 for all 4 lipid categories (TC, p = 0.96; HDL-C, p = 0.88; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ρ = 0.87; triglycerides, ρ = 0.99). By contrast, the only ICC exceeding 0.75 using CardioChek PA was for triglycerides (ρ = 0.84). When applied in calculating the FRS, the Cholestech LDX analyzer misclassified fewer individuals for TC versus the CardioChek PA analyzer (5 vs 21). Overall, Cholestech LDX provided TC and HDL-C values in the correct FRS category more frequently versus CardioChek PA (TC, p < 0.001; HDL-C, p > 0.001). Limitations of the study include use of only 2 POC products and small sample size with no known risk factors. This project does not prove superior accuracy of either device, but reflects a real-world comparison of the analyzers conducted at a single center. Conclusions: The Cholestech LDX analyzer demonstrated better reproducibility than the CardioChek PA analyzer when compared with laboratory gold standard analysis and allowed more accurate categorization for FRS. Since results obtained from these analyzers have the potential to impact treatment decisions, larger, prospective, comparative studies seem warranted.
Neutron activation of engineered nanoparticles as a tool for tracing their environmental fate and uptake in organisms
Authors: Oughton Deborah Helen , Hertel-Aas Turid , Pellicer Eva , Mendoza Ernest , Joner Erik Jautris 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Studies regarding the environmental impact of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are hampered by the lack of tools to localize and quantify ENPs in water, sediments, soils, and organisms. Neutron activation of mineral ENPs offers the possibility of labeling ENPs in a way that avoids surface modification and permits both localization and quantification within a matrix or an organism. Time-course experiments in vivo also may be conducted with small organisms to study metabolism and exposure, two aspects currently lacking in ecotoxicological knowledge about ENPs. The present report explains some of the prerequisites and advantages of neutron activation as a tool for studying ENPs in environmental samples and ecologically relevant organisms, and it demonstrates the suitability of neutron activation for Ag, Co/Co3O4, and CeO2 nanoparticles. In a preliminary experiment with the earthworm Eisenia fetida, the dietary uptake and excretion of a Co nanopowder (average particle size, 4 nm; surface area, 59 m2/g) were studied. Cobalt ENPs were taken up to a high extent during 7 d of exposure (concentration ratios of 0.16–0.20 relative to the ENP concentration in horse manure) and were largely retained within the worms for a period of eight weeks, with less than 20% of absorbed ENPs being excreted. Following dissection of the worms, 60Co was detected in spermatogenic cells, cocoons, and blood using scintillation counting and autoradiography. The experimental opportunities that neutron activation of ENPs offer are discussed.
Forcing Axioms, Supercompact Cardinals, Singular Cardinal Combinatorics
Authors: Viale Matteo 
Published: April 2008

The purpose of this communication is to present some recent advances on the consequences that forcing axioms and large cardinals have on the combinatorics of singular cardinals. I will introduce a few examples of problems in singular cardinal combinatorics which can be fruitfully attacked using ideas and techniques coming from the theory of forcing axioms and then translate the results so obtained in suitable large cardinals properties.The first example I will treat is the proof that the proper forcing axiom PFA implies the singular cardinal hypothesis SCH, this will easily lead to a new proof of Solovay's theorem that SCH holds above a strongly compact cardinal. I will also outline how some of the ideas involved in these proofs can be used as means to evaluate the “saturation” properties of models of strong forcing axioms like MM or PFA.The second example aims to show that the transfer principle (ℵω+1, ℵω) ↠ (ℵ2, ℵ1) fails assuming Martin's Maximum MM. Also in this case the result can be translated in a large cardinal property, however this requires a familiarity with a rather large fragment of Shelah's pcf-theory.Only sketchy arguments will be given, the reader is referred to the forthcoming [25] and [38] for a thorough analysis of these problems and for detailed proofs.
Realsn-generic relative to some perfect tree
Authors: Anderson Bernard A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe say that a realXisn-generic relative to a perfect treeTifXis a path throughTand for allsetsS, there exists a numberksuch that eitherX∣kϵSor for all a σ ϵTextendingX∣kwe have a σ ∉S. A realXisn-generic relative to some perfect tree if there exists such aT. We first show that for every numbernall but countably many reals aren-generic relative to some perfect tree. Second, we show that proving this statement requires ZFC−+ “∃ infinitely many iterates of the power set of ω”. Third, we prove that every finite iterate of the hyperjump,, is not 2-generic relative to any perfect tree and for every ordinal α below the least λ such that supβ<λ(βth admissible) = λ, the iterated hyperjumpis not 5-generic relative to any perfect tree. Finally, we demonstrate some necessary conditions for reals to be 1-generic relative to some perfect tree.
On metric types that are definable in an o-minimal structure
Authors: Valette Guillaume 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper we study the metric spaces that are definable in a polynomially bounded o-minimal structure. We prove that the family of metric spaces definable in a given polynomially bounded o-minimal structure is characterized by the valuation field Λ of the structure. In the last section we prove that the cardinality of this family is that of Λ. In particular these two results answer a conjecture given in [SS] about the countability of the metric types of analytic germs. The proof is a mixture of geometry and model theory.
Some pathological examples of precipitous ideals
Authors: Gitik Moti 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe construct a model with an indecisive precipitous ideal and a model with a precipitous ideal with a non precipitous normal ideal below it. Such kind of examples were previously given by M. Foreman [2] and R. Laver [4] respectively. The present examples differ in two ways: first- they use only a measurable cardinal and second- the ideals are over a cardinal. Also a precipitous ideal without a normal ideal below it is constructed. It is shown in addition that if there is a precipitous ideal over a cardinal κ such that• after the forcing with its positive sets the cardinality of κ remains above ℵ1• there is no a normal precipitous ideal then there is 0†.
The polynomial and linear hierarchies in models where the weak pigeonhole principle fails
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Leszek Aleksander , Thapen Neil 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe show, under the assumption that factoring is hard, that a model of PV exists in which the polynomial hierarchy does not collapse to the linear hierarchy; that a model of exists in which NP is not in the second level of the linear hierarchy; and that a model of exists in which the polynomial hierarchy collapses to the linear hierarchy.Our methods are model-theoretic. We use the assumption about factoring to get a model in which the weak pigeonhole principle fails in a certain way, and then work with this failure to obtain our results.As a corollary of one of the proofs, we also show that in the failure of WPHP (for definable relations) implies that the strict version of PH does not collapse to a finite level.
Complex tilings
Authors: Durand Bruno , Levin Leonid A. , Shen Alexander 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe study the minimal complexity of tilings of a plane with a given tile set. We note that every tile set admits either no tiling or some tiling withKolmogorov complexity of its (n×n)-squares. We construct tile sets for which this bound is tight: all (n×n)-squares in all tilings have complexity Ω(n). This adds a quantitative angle to classical results on non-recursivity of tilings—that we also develop in terms of Turing degrees of unsolvability.
Changing the heights of automorphism towers by forcing with Souslin trees over L
Authors: Fuchs Gunter , Hamkins Joel David 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe prove that there are groups in the constructible universe whose automorphism towers are highly malleable by forcing. This is a consequence of the fact that, under a suitable diamond hypothesis, there are sufficiently many highly rigid non-isomorphic Souslin trees whose isomorphism relation can be precisely controlled by forcing.
Cardinal invariants and the collapse of the continuum by Sacks forcing
Authors: Repický Miroslav 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe study cardinal invariants of systems of meager hereditary families of subsets of ω connected with the collapse of the continuum by Sacks forcing and we obtain a cardinal invariant such that collapses the continuum to and . Applying the Baumgartner-Dordal theorem on preservation of eventually narrow sequences we obtain the consistency of . We define two relations and on the set (ωω)Fin of finite-to-one functions which are Tukey equivalent to the eventual dominance relation of functions such that if -unbounded, well-ordered by , and not -dominating, then there is a nonmeager p-ideal. The existence of such a system follows from Martin's axiom. This is an analogue of the results of [3], [9, 10] for increasing functions.
Seed dispersal by Bison bison in a tallgrass prairie
Authors: Rosas Claudia A. , Engle David M. , Shaw James H. , Palmer Michael W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractQuestion:To what extent do bison serve as seed dispersers via epizoochory and endozoochory in tallgrass prairie, and does this differ by age‐sex class of bison and by month?Location:Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Osage County, Oklahoma, USA.Methods:We collected bison hair from 19 bulls, 45 cows, and 47 juveniles in fall and we collected bison dung monthly for a year. We recovered and identified seeds from hair and dung samples, and classified seeds by size and diaspore characteristics.Results:Bison hair samples contained 2768 seeds from at least 76 plant species. Several species found in hair did not feature specialized appendages for adhesive dispersal. Seed species composition differed in hair collected from bulls, cows and juveniles, possibly due to differential habitat use. Dung samples contained 7418 seeds from at least 70 species, from which graminoids accounted for 3936 seeds from 27 species. Species composition of seeds contained in dung samples differed among months, corresponding to availability. Grasses constituted about half the seeds in both dung and hair samples, but Asteraceae were more strongly represented in hair, while Scrophulariaceae and Solanaceae were more strongly represented in dung.Conclusions:We conclude that bison are potentially important dispersers of forbs as well as graminoids. A high abundance and wide diversity of seeds were found in both bison hair and dung. The great majority of seeds found undamaged in bison dung were small seeds, which agrees with the ‘foliage is the fruit’hypothesis. Dispersal by both epizoochory and endozoochory may play an important role in life history of many species in tallgrass prairie landscapes.
Studies on Serum Total Cholesterol, in Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Husain F , Latif SA , Uddin MM 
Published: April 2008

Study was carried out in the department of physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period of July 2006 to June 2007 to investigate the effect of pregnancy on serum total cholesterol. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol was measured in 100 cases of 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy and in a control group of 100 cases of non pregnant women which was matched on reproductive age. Data were analyzed by computer with SPSS program using unpaired studentt test. The results showed that the pregnant women had significantly higher concentrations of serum total cholesterol. Higher concentration of total cholesterol was more common in pregnant than control and reaching maximum at 3rd trimester of pregnancy.
This may be a purely physiological response to pregnancy or it may be indicative of pathology in some women. These results deserve a follow up study to investigative whether the hypercholesterolemia persists after parturition.

Key Words: Total cholesterol, pregnancy, parturition, hypercholesterolemia

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):1-4.
Assessment of Percentage Saturation of Hemoglobin with Oxygen in Arterial Blood of Pregnant Women
Authors: Sunyal DK , Amin MR , Molla MH , Ahmed A , Ferdousi S , Khatun F 
Published: April 2008

Objective: Percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen in arterial blood (SaO2) was studied in pregnant women to evaluate the lung function status in pregnancy.
Methods: This study was conducted in the department of physiology in Dhaka medical college during July 2004 to June 2005. For this purpose total 32 women with age ranged 25-35 years without any recent history of respiratory diseases were selected from Dhaka city. Eight (8) age matched apparently healthy women was taken as control and Twenty four (24) normal pregnant women without any complication were included in experimental group. All pregnant subjects were studied during first, second and third trimester. SaO2 was determined by Easy Blood Gas Auto Analyzer. SaO2 during different trimesters were compared with that of non pregnant and also among the trimesters. Statistical analysis was done by students unpaired t test.
Result: Mean ±SD SaO2 during first trimester (97.73%±0.92), second trimester (98.05%±0.54) and third trimester (98.40%±0.30) were progressively increasing and were significantly higher (p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001) than that of non pregnant women (96.71±0.63). But no statistically significant differences were observed among the trimesteric values. The present result indicates increased lung function in pregnant women associated with progressively increased oxygen saturation with trimester. Higher progesterone level is related to increased ventilation which is more marked in luteal phase of menstrual cycle. In pregnant women gradually rising progesterone level reaches its peak at the later part of pregnancy.
Conclusion: Therefore it may be concluded from the present study that progressively increased SaO2 might be related to hyperventilation induced by high progesterone level.

Key words: Pregnant women, trimester, progesterone

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):10-13.
Evaluation of Serum Triglyceride and Total Cholesterol Status in Adolescent Smoker
Authors: Afrin L , Sultana R , Ferdousi S , Ahmed A , Amin MR 
Published: April 2008

Objectives: A cross sectional comparative study was performed to evaluate the changes of the serum lipid profile in apparently healthy adolescent male non smokers and smokers subjects.
Method: This study was carried out in the department of Physiology of Dhaka Medical College from January to December 2005. For this purpose, total 80 subjects with age range 12-19 years were selected, of whom 20 were non smokers (control) and 60 were smokers (experimental) who smoked for at least one year. Again smokers were grouped according to the number of cigarettes smoked per week, ( mild < 19, moderate 20-59, heavy >60). Fasting serum Triglyceride and total Cholesterol levels of all subjects were measured. Data were compared between smokers and non smokers and between non smoker and mild moderate and heavy smokers and analyzed statistically by unpaired t test.
Result: Mean ±SD Triglyceride levels were136.80mg/dl ± 42.18 vs. 153.12mg/dl ± 26.66 and Mean ±SD Total Cholesterol levels were 165.20mg/dl ± 15.13 vs165.36mg/dl ± 10.12 in non smokers and smokers respectively. there were no significant changes in the mean serum total cholesterol levels in adolescent smokers but the mean serum triglyceride level in smokers were significantly higher (p<0.01 )than that of non smokers. hyper Triglyceridemia (TG level> 150mg/dl) were observed in 56% of smoker subjects whereas 36% in non smokers. The dose response effect of smoking was observed in serum triglyceride levels of smoker subgroups. Mean ±SD TG levels in mild, moderate, heavy groups were 148.15mg/dl± 21.32,152.8mg/dl± 29.49,154.12mg/dl± 23.75 respectively.
Conclusion: From the result of the present study it may be concluded that, cigarette smoking during adolescent period induces alteration in serum lipid levels in the direction of increased risk for coronary artery disease.

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):14-18
Stereoselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1,6‐Dienes
Authors: Böing Christian , Hahne Julia , Franciò Giancarlo , Leitner Walter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHighly stereoselective cycloisomerization of 1,6‐dienes with a catalyst system based on [Ni(allyl)(cod)][BARF] and Wilke’s azaphospholene all‐(R)‐1 is described. Unprecedented high enantiomeric excesses of up to 91% were obtained for the formation of five‐membered cyclic products from symmetrically substituted 1,6‐dienes. High chemo‐ and regioselectivities were achieved also for unsymmetrically 1,6‐dienes substituted in terminal position leading again to five‐membered cyclic products in fair to very good yields. Cycloisomerization products were subjected to sequential hydroboration as well as hydrogenation of the exo‐methylene functional group. Promising diastereoselectivities were achieved and these reaction sequences could be efficiently performed in a one‐pot procedure.