bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P‐114: A Scanning Backlight Module for FSC‐LCD Using Tandem Light‐Guides with Micro Line‐Prism Structures
Authors: Lu Yen‐Hsing , Yao Yuan‐Jung , Hsiao Jen‐Chang , Tien Chung‐Hao 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA spatially partitioned backlight system composed of tandem wedge‐shaped light‐guides with micro line‐prism arrays was developed for scanning field‐sequential‐color (FSC) LCD in large size. The light‐guides combined with LED light‐bars have been designed and fabricated to well distinguish each region and decrease the light leakage. By means of our approach, the volume of backlight system can be reduced down to 25 mm without sacrifice of the optical performance. As a result, 2750 nits average luminance subject to 50% duty cycle and 83% uniformity can be achieved. The leakages into the continuous adjacent blocks are well suppressed to 11.86%.
P‐121: Enhancement of Brightness and Uniformity by LED Backlight Using a Total Internal Reflection (TIR) Lens
Authors: Hwang Jang Hwan , Shin Dong Myoung , Gong Doo Won , Park Chang Wook , Kang Won Il , Seo Ji Hoon , Kim Young Kwan , Hyung Gun Woo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe backlight in this paper comprises a total internal reflection (TIR) lens, main light guide, LEDs, and optical films. We gained 40% brightness enhancement and 83% uniformity benefit with the backlight using TIR compared with the conventional backlight. It was found that TIR lens internally reflects the light on each TIR surface twice instead of lighting out directly and the brightness and the uniformity are improved. with this backlight using TIR lens, the bright‐line which was present in the conventional backlight was also disappeared by TIR effect occurred on the each reflection surface.
P‐140: A Modified Selective Reset‐Waveform to Minimize Wall‐Voltage Variation During Address‐Period in Full‐HD PDP
Authors: Park Hyung Dal , Park Ki‐Hyung , Choi Byung‐Tae , Tae Heung‐Sik , Hur Ming , Park Soo‐Ho , Yoo Minsun , Heo Eun Gi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a modified selective reset driving waveform that can lower the potential difference between the scan and address electrodes by applying the address‐bias voltage (Va‐bias) to the address electrode during the application of the rising pulse of Y‐electrode in the selective reset‐period. This address‐bias voltage (Va‐bias) plays a role in suppressing the wall‐charge accumulation on the address electrode during the selective reset‐period, thereby contributing to minimizing the wall‐voltage variation during the address‐period and as such allowing the higher voltage difference (=ΔVy) between the scan low voltage (Vsl) and the negative falling ramp voltage (Vnf) during an address‐period without any misfiring discharge. When adopting the proposed selective reset waveform, the address discharge delay time is observed to be reduced by about 120 ns.
P‐143: New Drive Waveforms for High Speed Erase Addressing
Authors: Jung Jae‐Chul , Kwon Ohyung , Syn Ho Jung , Kim Joong Kyun , Whang Ki‐Woong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe propose a new high speed driving waveform which uses a negatively biased voltage to the common electrode and an alternating ramp voltage to the scan electrode during the reset period and an erase address scheme. It showed short discharge time lag under 800nsec, wide address voltage margin over 40V and improved jitter characteristics among different color cells in a 7.5inch test panel with 50inch full HD resolution. Its fast discharge characteristics was attributed to the formation of stronger wall voltage near the middle of the gap during the reset period and the consequent bigger electric field during the scan period which was confirmed by the 3 dimensional emission observation and voltage domain analysis.
P‐147: Change of Secondary Electron Emission Properties with Micro‐Structural Evolution of MgO Film During Growth
Authors: Yu Hak Ki , Lee Jong‐Lam , Park Eung Chul , Kim Jae Sung , Ryu Jae Hwa 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPreferred orientation of polycrystalline MgO film changed from (111) to (200) as the deposition rate reduced from 20Å/sec to 3Å/sec. The oxygen vacancies were easily produced at the surface of (200) plane due to low surface cohesive energy. These oxygen vacancies were acted as defect center in the band gap of MgO, resulting in the increase of secondary electron emission coefficient from 0.032 to 0.048.
P‐150: Catalyst‐Free Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized on Graphite Flakes by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Jeng Jian‐Min , Shih Wen‐Ching , Tsai Ming‐hong , Lo Chi‐Tsung , Yang Tzung‐Han , Mo Chi‐Neng , Li Hung‐Yuan , Chiang Mei‐Tsao 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are synthesized on the micro graphite flakes using mixtures of C2H2 and H2 gases by thermal chemical vapor deposition. We spin the graphite solution on the silicon wafer and dry it, then synthesize the CNTs on the graphite flakes. The synthetic process is a catalyst free technique and the CNTs have no metal inside, so this is an easier technique for synthesizing the CNTs. We change the synthetic time to obtain the optimal conditions for synthesis of the CNTs. The experimental results show that the density and quality of the CNTs could be controlled significantly by the synthetic time. Besides, the field emission properties of the CNTs are also affected greatly by it. The emission current density of the CNTs is 0.5 mA/cm2 at 3 V/μm, and the turn on field is 2.3 V/μm.
P‐151: Fabrication of Nano‐Crystalline Graphite Field Emission Device by Thick‐Film Technology
Authors: Chiang Mei‐Tsao , Jeng Jian‐Min , Shih Wen‐Ching , Lo Chi‐Tsung , Yang Tzung‐Han , Mo Chi‐Neng , Li Hung‐Yuan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to fabricate nano‐crystalline graphite (NCG) material by reactive R.F. magnetron sputtering deposition, then scrape the NCG films to create NCG powder, and finally manufacture this into NCG paste. When depositing the NCG films, the atomic hydrogen from hydrogen and methane was introduced to increase the surface roughness of the NCG films, etch the NCG films to create the NCG sheet structure. It was found that the electron field emission properties are not affected through the heat treatment process during screen‐printing. The NCG emitter patterns were manufactured successfully on cathode by printing the NCG paste. The current density of the emission site is 340.1 μA/cm2 at 11 V/μm.
P‐156: Alignment of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals with the Substrates Processed by Plasma‐Beam
Authors: Hegde Gurumurthy , Murauski Anatoli , Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi Sing , Yaroshchuk Oleg , Kravchuk Ruslan , Dobrovolskyy Andriy 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPlasma beam procedure earlier adapted for alignment of nematic liquid crystals and reactive mesogens is successfully applied for alignment of ferroelectric liquid crystals. Highly uniform alignment of “chevron” structure (before electrical treatment) and “quazi bookshelf” structure (after electrical treatment) are realized. In the latter case, the contrast of bistable switching is larger than 350:1 for 650 nm wavelength. This makes the non‐contact plasma alignment procedure especially attractive for high contrast bistable LCD on LCOS base particularly used in PDA and E‐books. Fast switching and realization of gray scale in the plasma beam aligned FLC cells makes this technique also promising for full color displays including color TV LCD.
14.5: Invited Paper: Novel, Flexible AC Electroluminescent Lamps for Innovative Display Applications
Authors: Silver Jack , Withnall Robert , Harris Paul G. , Marsh Paul J. , Kirk Richard , Guinn Frank 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNovel, flexible ACEL lamps have been developed for innovative display applications. These lamps contain a single emissive layer comprising of ACEL phosphor, a binder, ferroelectric nanoparticles and optional dye. This architecture reduces fabrication costs and enables high luminances (ca. 200 cd/m2) to be achieved at 110 V and 400 Hz.
P‐169: The Fabrication of Flexible 5″ Dual Operating LCD
Authors: Min Kwan‐Sik , Kim Sun‐Kyung , Park Sang‐Hyun , Jhun Chul Gyu , Kwon Soon‐Bum 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce flexible 5″ dual operating LCD which has three permissible states of splay, π twist, and bend states with an appropriate external filed, The dual operating LCD can be operated in a memory mode as well as a dynamic mode. The fabrication process and operating characteristics of the flexible dual operating LCD are demonstrated.
P‐255L: Late‐News Poster: Precise Measurement of LC Material Parameters for Ultra‐High Resolution Full‐HD OCB‐Mode FSC‐LCD
Authors: Kishimoto Tadashi , Wako Kazuhiro , Ishinabe Takahiro , Miyashita Tetsuya , Suzuki Yoshito , Uchida Tatsuo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA highly precise measurement method of LC material parameters was proposed by application of the new driving scheme of LC and the compensation for the capacitance of alignment layer and the anchoring strength of LC cell. This new measurement method results in the development of high‐speed 6.5inch Full‐HD OCB‐mode FSC‐LCD with an ultra‐high resolution, high brightness and low power consumption.
P‐257L: Late‐News Poster: Dynamic Simulation of Pi‐Cell Liquid Crystal Displays with Transverse Field
Authors: Huang Yi , Bos Philip J. , Kim K. H. , Jang J. K. , Kim H. S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe dynamics of a Pi‐cell device that includes flow and a fixed transverse electric field is considered for the cases of static and periodic electric fields, applied vertically to the substrate of cells. The results agree with observed dynamic behavior for the case of “impulse drive”. In particular, an explanation is given for the decrease of voltage corresponding to the bend to twist director configuration and the increase of brightness when the impulse drive is applied.
P‐192: Advanced Transflective Multi‐Domain Vertical Aligned Liquid Crystal Display (ATR‐MVA LCD) with Micro Bump Technology
Authors: Yang Syuan Ling , Yang T. C. , Chen C. M. , Chiu Ta Wei , Yen Dennis , Chen Y. W. , Lee Seok Lyul , Jiang Shih‐Chyuan Fan , Hu Chin Jen , Huang Wei Ming 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have developed a high performance but low cost advanced transflective multi‐domain vertical aligned liquid crystal display (ATR‐MVA LCD) by using micro bump technology. ATR‐MVA LCD does not need additional process of reflective mode by micro‐bump design. for example, 4.0 inches ATR‐MVA LCD's reflectance achieves 1.25% with 7% reflective aperture ratios.
P‐196: Vertically Aligned Nematic Liquid‐Crystal Display with Double‐Sided In‐Plane Switching Using Positive Liquid‐Crystal Materials
Authors: Shin Hun Ki , Yoon Tae‐Hoon , Kim Jae Chang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe propose a vertical alignment liquid crystal cell controlled by double‐Side in‐plane switching with a positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal material. In this structure, the pixel electrodes are interdigital electrodes which are deposited on the bottom and top substrates parallel to each other. In the voltage‐off state, the liquid crystal molecules are vertically aligned under the crossed polarizers, hence the cell appears to be dark. When the in‐plane field is applied, the liquid crystal molecules tilt down to the left and right along the field direction which is at 45° with respect to the input polarizer, giving rise to transmission of the incident light. Proposed structure shows higher transmittance and lower on‐voltage compared to the conventional vertical alignment configuration with a positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal. The improved electro‐optical properties are due to the stronger in‐plane field compared with the configuration having one‐Side electrode. In this device, the response time and viewing angle characteristics almost the same as the conventional structure.
P‐197: Improved Patterned VA Mode for Fast Response Time by Using Strong Fringe‐Field Effect
Authors: Ji Seung‐Hoon , Son Jung‐Hee , Lee Gi‐Dong , Lyu Jae‐Jin , Kim Kyeong Hyun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe propose an improved pattern structure that can reduce the response time by using strong fringe field in the pattern vertical alignment LCD. We applied an additional buried electrode in the PVA LCD so that we could increase the fringe field on the edge of the electrode. The strong fringe field on the edge of the electrode helps the liquid crystal director in the bulk area to have an appropriate orientation quickly when the voltage is applied. As a result, we could improve the response time effectively. We used the software TechWiz LCD in order to calculate the director configuration and the response time. From the simulation results, we have found that the proposed structure exhibited 74.2% improvement in response time compared to the conventional structure in calculation.
P‐200: Effect of the Magnitude of Dielectric Anisotropy on the Light Efficiency of Fringe‐Field Switching Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell
Authors: Cell Crystal , An Young Joo , Ryu Je Woo , Park Ji Woong , Lim Young Jin , Jung Jun Ho , Srivastava Anoop Kumar , Lee Myong‐Hoon , Lee Seung Hee , Lee Hee Kyu , Lee Seung Eun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe light efficiency of fringe‐field switching (FFS) mode when using a liquid crystal (LC) with positive dielectric anisotropy was found to be dependent on dielectric anisotropy, such that the lower the dielectric anisotropy, it becomes higher. On the contrary, for the LC with negative dielectric anisotropy it is almost independent of magnitude of dielectric anisotropy. This paper investigates light efficiency of FFS mode dependent on the magnitude of dielectric anisotropy of the LC associated with rubbing angle and cell gap.
P‐213: Decomposable Precursors as Electron Injection Materials for High Performance Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Duan Lian , Li Yang , Qiu Yong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this work, we found that electron injection into organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) can be improved by using thermally decomposable precursors as the electron injection layer. for example, OLEDs with LiBH4 or LiCoO2 as the electron injection layer showed similar or even better performance compared to the control device with LiF/Al. LiBH4 was found to decompose in vacuum to form LiH. And LiCoO2 was found to be a precursor for Li2O. We achieved not only improved efficiency but also much improved lifetime.
P‐215: Improved Carrier Transport into Wide‐Bandgap Host for Low‐Voltage High‐Efficiency Blue PHOLEDs
Authors: Lee Meng‐Ting , Lin Jin‐Sheng , Chu Miao‐Tsai , Tseng Mei‐Rurng 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLow‐voltage, high‐efficiency blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) based on a new composition of emitter, including a wide bandgap host, a carrier‐transporting material and an organometallic iridium dopant, have been demonstrated. The device exhibits an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12%, a power efficiency of 17 lm/W and a low voltage of 4.8 V at a practical brightness of 1000 cd/m2 with a CIEx,y of (0.16, 0.35), which was twofold higher than that of used typical emitter composed host and dopant only. The dramatic enhancement can attributed to the transport of carrier into the wide bandgap host which can be facilitated through doping a carrier‐transporting material in emitter for increasing carrier recombination.
P‐227: Efficient Electron Injection in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Dipotassium Phthalate as n‐Type Dopant
Authors: Ho Meng‐Huan , Hsieh Ming‐Ta , Chen Jenn‐Fang , Hwang Shiao‐Wen , Chen Chin H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn efficient n‐doped electron transport layer composed of 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (BPhen) and dipotassium phthalate (PAK2) has been developed. By temperature‐dependent admittance spectroscopy, the incorporation of PAK2 into BPhen is found to increase electron concentration in BPhen layer, resulting in raising the Fermi‐level to ∼0.5 eV below its LUMO which further enhances the efficiency of electron injection from Al cathode. When this n‐doped layer is adopted in OLED device, the green Alq3 device can achieve a current efficiency of 3.6 cd/A and a power efficiency of 2.1 lm/W at 20 mA/cm2 and lower drive voltage of 5.3 V.
P‐234: Polarization Conversion Illumination System
Authors: Chung Shuang‐Chao , Lin Chun‐Chuan , Lo Hsin‐Hsiang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDue to their excellent color purity, high efficiency and low power consumption, LEDs have been recently applied to more and more illumination and display systems. In this article, we present a compact polarization conversion concept for an illumination system with the LEDs light source.
16.4: Development of Asymmetric‐Gate‐Coupled Eight‐Domain (AGC‐8D) HVA for TFT‐LCD TVs
Authors: Shih Po‐Sheng , Lin Jiunn‐Shyong , Pan Hsuan‐Lin , Chen Po‐Yang , Liao Tai‐Shun , Yang Kei‐Hsiung 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA novel AGC‐8D (asymmetric gate‐coupled eight‐domain) VA mode has been successfully developed to effectively reduce the 60‐degree off‐axis color difference (Δ u'v') of skin color to below 0.02. Compared to other published eight‐domain VA modes, the AGC‐8D HVA mode has also distinct advantages of higher panel transmittance, lower panel‐manufacture cost, and being compatible with a double‐frame‐rate (120 Hz) driving for improving MPRT.
4.2: International Metrology Standards for Reflective LCDs
Authors: Laur Juergen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper summarizes the development of metrology for reflective LCDs from the late 1970s to our days, it introduces the two different approaches used in the LCD industry (directional and multi‐directional illumination) and explains the distinct differences in the results obtained with the two methods. The current status of the standardization of measuring methods for reflective LCDs by the WG2 of IEC TC110 is presented and an outlook is given of the work to be done before finalization of this standard, especially when the recently initiated horizontal harmonization activity of the IEC TC110 is supposed to be taken into account.
19.2:Invited Paper: History of ACF Development and New Solutions
Authors: Takeichi Motohide 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn 1977, an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panel using ACF (Anisotropic Conductive Film) was manufactured for the first time, in history. Since then, ACF has been recognized as an indispensable material for assembling FPD (Flat Panel Display) modules. Due to the remarkable developments in LCD, and expansion of the field of LCD applications, the properties and features of ACF have simultaneously been improving (e.g., reliability of interconnection, compatibility for finer pitch patterning, and demand for both low‐temperature and short processing time during main bonding process) and have assumed a role as an important element contributing to the growth of the FPD industry. In recent years, ACF has also had seen an expansion of its usage in a wide variety of applications for electric interconnect, not only in FPD modules, but also for Semiconductor Packaging, RF‐ID and replacement for conventional mechanical connecter.
21.4: Discharge Characteristics of AC‐PDP having Doped MgO Protective Layer in a Variation of Temperature
Authors: Cho Sung‐Yong , Lee Don‐Kyu , Ok Jung‐Woo , Park Chung‐Hoo , Lee Hea June , Lee Ho‐Jun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn order to improve the discharge characteristics such as discharge voltage, luminance, luminous efficacy, temperature dependence of misfiring, a small amount of Si was added to the MgO protective layer of an alternating current plasma display panel (AC‐PDP). The effect of Si‐doping on a MgO protective layer was reported that it reduces the firing voltage and improved electro‐optical characteristics of AC‐PDP due to the increase of the secondary electron emission with Si concentration. In this study, it was observed that Si‐doping on MgO protective layer reduces the temperature dependence of misfiring compared with a pure MgO film. The effects of Si concentration are reported on the surface‐discharge characteristics of an AC‐PDP.
23.1: Invited Paper: Models and Experiments of Mechanical Integrity for Flexible Displays
Authors: Leterrier Yves , Pinyol Albert , Dumont Pierre , Gilliéron Damien , Mewani Vinodh , Månson Jan‐Anders , Andersons Janis , Bouten Piet , Timmermans Peter 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFlexible displays present a challenging problem in terms of mechanical integrity, a result of the considerable hygro‐thermo‐mechanical contrast between the inorganic, brittle device layers and the compliant polymer substrates. This paper reviews the main approaches to study and identify the key factors, which control the mechanical stability of this class of displays. Focus is put on the analyses of residual stress and damage under tensile loading. Novel electro‐mechanical methods are used for accurate insight into critical phenomena. An important result is that the thickness and stiffness of the substrate control the critical strain for failure of the device layers.
24.1: 3‐Masks TFT Process by Using ITO Lift‐Off Technique
Authors: Fang Kuo‐Lung , Yang Chih‐Chun , Liao Chin‐Yueh , Wu Huang‐Chun , Lin Han‐Tu , Chen Chien‐Hung 
Published: January 2009

AbstractReducing TFT manufacturing steps in recent years has become an unavoidable technology trend for many TFT‐ LCD makers in order of cost reduction purpose. Here, we proposed a new mask reduction process (3‐masks TFT) by chemical lift‐off which based on conventional 4‐masks TFT fabrication process. The major spirit of 3‐masks technique combines passivation layer and pixel electrode formed in one photolithography process with HTM (Half tone mask). with this new HTM design, a small SiNx island cross TFT source contact edge border could be created to provide a pixel electrode conducting path away from electrical signal opening. In order to enhance to lift‐off ability, new optional extra lift‐off enhancement designs could be adopted to improve chemical lift‐off efficiency. Through the development of process and design of TFTs using 3‐masks HTM lift‐off scheme, one first 1.8″ HTM lift‐off panel was demonstrated which exhibits same performance of conventional fabricated one.
24.4: A New Method for Cu Patterning
Authors: Kim Kang‐il , Song Kye‐chan , Lee Jung‐il , Yang Joon‐young , Yang Myung‐soo , Kang In‐byung , Chung In‐Jae 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA New Cu patterning method, exhibiting better etching characteristics than the conventional wet etching method is introduced. The new Cu patterning process includes plasma treatment and dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) treatment. with optimized process condition, under 0.3μm of Cu etch critical dimension bias was obtained. We have successfully fabricated Cu source/drain line for 15.0‐inch XGA LCD panel using this patterning method.
25.1:Distinguished Paper: Multi‐Viewer Autostereoscopic Display with Dynamically‐Addressable Holographic Backlight
Authors: Buckley Edward , Corbett Alex , Surman Phil , Sexton Ian 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn autostereoscopic display system, which allowed multiple viewers simultaneously by use of head‐tracking, was previously demonstrated for TV applications in the ATTEST project. However, the requirement for a dynamically addressable, movable backlight presented several problems for the illumination source. In this paper, the authors demonstrate how the use of a novel laser‐based holographic projection system can be used to address these problems.
25.4: Invited Paper: Beyond Flat Panels — Multi Layer Displays with Real Depth
Authors: Bell Gareth P. , Craig Robert , Paxton Robert , Wong Gordon , Galbraith Duncan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new concept in display technology that utilizes two or more displays in series has been developed and commercialized; applications are aimed at enhanced depth, that is 3D effects, expanded color, greatly increased contrast ratio, and high dynamic range. The principles of operation will be described for the various approaches to multi layer display and examples of first uses will be shown.