bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking the link between quality and the environment: Auditing for sustainability and life cycle assessment
Authors: Welford Professor Richard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article outlines the trend in business towards the integration of environmental issues into quality management. It outlines how standards like BS7750 and the EU eco‐management and audit scheme are based on a paradigm which stresses environmental management as a continuous cycle of incremental improvement which ignores many of the wider aspects of sustainable development. In an attack on the dominant ideology surrounding environmental management the article stresses the need to change corporate cultures, to move towards new auditing methodologies, to put increasing stress on life‐cycle assessment, and to increase (and not deregulate) environmental legislation.
Community advisory panels within the chemical industry: Antecedents and issues
Authors: Lynn Frances M. , Chess Caron 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCommunity Advisory Panels (CAPs) are currently being sponsored by the American chemical industry as a way to repair lost trust. Over 200 CAPs are currently in operation. Their goals, composition and impact vary. Like governmental advisory committees they run the risk of being vehicles of persuasion as opposed to bodies which bring about organisational or health and safety changes. This article reviews the evidence we have to date about CAP operations and sets an agenda for future research.
Life cycle management: Integrated approach towards corporate environmental issues
Authors: Linnanen Lassi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn integrated approach towards environmental management, the concept of life cycle management, is presented. Life cycle management consists of three parts: (i) integrating environmental issues into the decision‐making process of the company; (ii) optimizing the environmental impact caused by the product system during its life cycle; and (iii) creating a new organizational culture to support the decision‐making process. The concept was developed during the compilation of an environmental management handbook for Finnish industry. The model combines a market‐oriented environmental management approach, a circular value chains approach and an organizational culture approach.
Global corporate environmentalism: Theoretical expectations and empirical experience
Authors: Himmelberger Jeffery James , Brown Halina Szejnwald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince the mid‐1980s the concept of corporate environmentalism has taken hold among global stakeholders, promising improved environmental health and safety (EH&S) performance at multinational (MNC) facilities in less developed countries. In this article we examine corporate environmentalism through two lenses: (1) our own empirical case studies of three Third World subsidiaries of USA‐based multinationals; (2) evolving theories on EH&S performance at MNC subsidiaries in less developed countries. We suggest that over the past decade there has been a convergence of three theoretical perspectives – neoclassical, radical and ecological – toward consistent predictions of improved EH&S performances and relations with host country governments. However, important differences among the three perspectives remain in how each interprets improved EH&S performance in the context of long‐term benefits to corporations, host countries, workers, local publics and the global community. While we find that the neoclassical economic perspective is most consistent with the empirical findings of our three case studies, we also note some debatable neoclassical assumptions concerning whether all stakeholders benefit mutually from superior EH&S performance. In order to gain wide acceptance beyond the corporate sector, the concept of corporate environmentalism must be expanded to include greater labor participation and accounting for ecological interests.
Ecology and competitiveness in Swiss industries
Authors: Belz Frank , Hugenschmidt Heinrich 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article investigates ecological problems and their influence on competitiveness in two selected Swiss industries: food and transportation. Ecological problems defined at a bio‐physical level and the ecological stakes defined at a socio‐economic level will be analysed. The ‘matrix of ecological problems’ and the ‘matrix of ecological stakes’ are useful and powerful instruments for analysing these two levels. It will be shown that ecological problems and ecological stakes vary from industry to industry. Ecological problems lead to ecological stakes. The ecological stakes lead to ecological changes within the two industries. The central forces of competition are influenced due to ecological issues. In order to be prepared for these changes, companies have to develop strategies which meet both economic and ecological requirements. Examples for such strategies are given in the text.
Adjudicative competence and comprehension of Miranda rights in adolescent defendants: a comparison of legal standards
Authors: Viljoen Jodi L. , Zapf Patricia A. , Roesch Ronald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCurrently, there is considerable variability and ambiguity in legal standards pertaining to juveniles' comprehension of Miranda rights and their adjudicative competence. This study investigated rates of impairment under various proposed legal standards. One hundred and fifty‐two young defendants aged 11–17 were assessed with Grisso's Miranda Instruments and the Fitness Interview Test—Revised. While over half of defendants aged 15 and under were classified as impaired in adjudicative capacities when adult norms were applied, significantly fewer adolescents were classified as impaired when adolescent norms were applied or a standard of “basic understanding and communication.” Also, while over half of defendants aged 15 and under were classified as impaired in their comprehension of Miranda rights when both understanding and appreciation of Miranda rights were required, significantly fewer youth were classified as being impaired when only understanding was required. The implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of death qualification, belief in a just world, legal authoritarianism, and locus of control on venirepersons' evaluations of aggravating and mitigating circumstances in capital trials
Authors: Butler Brooke , Moran Gary 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of death qualification, belief in a just world (BJW), legal authoritarianism (RLAQ), and locus of control (LOC) on venirepersons' evaluations of aggravating and mitigating circumstances in capital trials. 212 venirepersons from the 12th Judicial Circuit in Bradenton, FL, completed a booklet that contained the following: one question that measured their attitudes toward the death penalty; one question that categorized their death‐qualification status; the BJW, LOC, and RLAQ scales; a summary of the guilt and penalty phases of a capital case; a 26‐item measure that required participants to evaluate aggravators, nonstatutory mitigators, and statutory mitigators on a 6‐point Likert scale; sentence preference; and standard demographic questions. Results indicated that death‐qualified venirepersons were more likely to demonstrate higher endorsements of aggravating factors and lower endorsements of both nonstatutory and statutory mitigating factors. Death‐qualified participants were also more likely to have a high belief in a just world, espouse legal authoritarian beliefs, and exhibit an internal locus of control. Findings also suggested that venirepersons with a low belief in a just world and an external locus of control demonstrated higher endorsements of statutory mitigators. Participants with legal authoritarian beliefs revealed higher endorsements of aggravators and lower endorsements of nonstatutory mitigators. Legal implications and applications are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vinyl‐Pyridinium Triphenylamines: Novel Far‐Red Emitters with High Photostability and Two‐Photon Absorption Properties for Staining DNA
Authors: Allain Clémence , Schmidt Falk , Lartia Rémy , Bordeau Guillaume , Fiorini‐Debuisschert Céline , Charra Fabrice , Tauc Patrick , Teulade‐Fichou Marie‐Paule 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of mono‐, bis‐ and trisvinyl‐pyridinium triphenylamines (TP‐py) has been synthesised and evaluated for its one‐ and two‐photon absorption (2PA) induced‐fluorescence properties under biological conditions. Interestingly, these compounds are only weakly fluorescent in water, whereas their fluorescence emissions are strongly restored (exaltation factors of 20–100) upon binding to double‐stranded DNA. Additional measurements in glycerol indicate that the fluorescence increases are the result of immobilisation of the dyes in the DNA matrix, which inhibits rotational de‐excitation modes. This particular feature is especially remarkable in the case of the bis and tris derivatives (TP‐2 py, TP‐3 py), which each display a high affinity (Kd ∼μM) for dsDNA. TPIF measurements have shown that TP‐2 py and TP‐3 py each have a large 2PA cross section (δ up to 700 GM) both in glycerol and in the presence of DNA, which ranks them amongst the best 2PA biological fluorophores. Finally, one‐ and two‐photon confocal imaging in cells revealed that these compounds perform red staining (λem=660–680 nm) of nuclear DNA with excellent contrast. The remarkable optical properties of the TP‐py series, combined with their high photostability and their easy synthetic access, make these compounds extremely attractive for use in confocal and 2PA microscopy.
Hyperspectral NIR image regression part II: dataset preprocessing diagnostics
Authors: Burger James , Geladi Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen known reference values such as concentrations are available, the spectra from near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral images can be used for building regression models. The sets of spectra must be corrected for errors, transformed to reflectance or absorbance values, and trimmed of bad pixel outliers in order to build robust models and minimize prediction errors. Calibration models can be computed from small (<100) sets of spectra, where each spectrum summarizes an individual image or spatial region of interest (ROI), and used to predict large (>20 000) test sets of spectra. When the distributions of these large populations of predicted values are viewed as histograms they provide mean sample concentrations (peak centers) as well as uniformity (peak widths) and purity (peak shape) information. The same predicted values can also be viewed as concentration maps or images adding spatial information to the uniformity or purity presentations. Estimates of large population statistics enable a new metric for determining the optimal number of model components, based on a combination of global bias and pooled standard deviation values computed from multiple test images or ROIs. Two example datasets are presented: an artificial mixture design of three chemicals with distinct NIR spectra and samples of different cheeses. In some cases it was found that baseline correction by taking first derivatives gave more useful prediction results by reducing optical problems. Other data pretreatments resulted in negligible changes in prediction errors, overshadowed by the variance associated with sample preparation or presentation and other physical phenomena. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimente mit Ozon: Angewandte Chemilumineszenz
Authors: Albrecht Steffen , Brandl Herbert , Weiß Dieter , Zimmermann Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEs werden drei sehr gut sichtbare experimentell erprobte Chemilumineszenz‐Demonstrationen bei Einsatz von Ozon als Oxidationsmittel vorgestellt. Die Experimente können auch in größeren Räumen bei nur mäßiger Verdunklung eindrucksvoll demonstriert werden. Es handelt sich um die Umsetzung des Ozons mit einem Phenazinfarbstoff, einem Luminophor und erstmals mit Ruthenium‐organyl‐Komplexen. Neben den Versuchsbeschreibungen wird soweit möglich auf den Reaktionsmechanismus eingegangen.
Ein antitumorwirksames Makrolacton
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAus dem karibischen Feuerschwamm Tedania ignis wurde 1984 Tedanolid isoliert und seine Struktur bestimmt. Seither konnte der marine Naturstoff nicht in ausreichenden Mengen für weitere Untersuchungen gewonnen werden, weshalb nur bekannt ist, dass er in Maus‐Leukämie‐Zelllinien inhibierend aktiv ist. Jetzt stellt M. Kalesse von der Leibniz‐Universität Hannover die erste Totalsynthese vor.
Tarantel und Chili
Authors: Jaenicke Lothar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVon der sprichwörtlichen Tarantel gestochen zu werden, tut weh; Empfindliche mögen daraufhin vor Schmerz tanzen, Überempfindliche gar im anaphylaktischen Schock sterben. Dabei ist der Angriffsort der Toxine ein Ionenkanal, an dem auch das in Chili enthaltene Capsaicin seine Wirkung entfaltet.
Standbymodus für mRNA
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDie Proteinbiosynthese wird durch die Verfügbarkeit der mRNA als Bauanleitung für die Translation reguliert. Die Menge translatierbarer mRNA wird nicht nur durch die Transkriptionsaktivität und den Abbau durch RNasen kontrolliert, sondern auch durch räumliche Segregation.
Cadherin‐4 plays a role in the development of zebrafish cranial ganglia and lateral line system
Authors: Wilson Amy L. , Shen Yu‐Chi , Babb‐Clendenon S.G. , Rostedt Jason , Liu Bei , Barald Kate F. , Marrs James A. , Liu Qin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe previously reported that cadherin‐4 (also called R‐cadherin) was expressed by the majority of the developing zebrafish cranial and lateral line ganglia. Cadherin‐4 (Cdh4) function in the formation of these structures in zebrafish was studied using morpholino antisense technology. Differentiation of the cranial and lateral line ganglia and lateral line nerve and neuromasts of the cdh4 morphants was analyzed using multiple neural markers. We found that a subset of the morphant cranial and lateral line ganglia were disorganized, smaller, with reduced staining, and/or with altered shape compared to control embryos. Increased cell death in the morphant ganglia likely contributed to these defects. Moreover, cdh4 morphants had shorter lateral line nerves and a reduced number of neuromasts, which was likely caused by disrupted migration of the lateral line primordia. These results indicate that Cdh4 plays a role in the normal formation of the zebrafish lateral line system and a subset of the cranial ganglia. Developmental Dynamics 236:893–902, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Agriculture and nature in ecological networks in the Netherlands and Europe
Authors: Horlings Ina , Gersie Jaap 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the last few decades, the area of land used for agriculture in the Netherlands has decreased, whereas agricultural production has steadily increased. One of the effects of this development has been a severe deterioration in the quality of the natural environment as agriculture and nature compete for space. Although attempts have been made to integrate agriculture and nature conservation, the policies adopted have not been wholly successful and environmental degradation has continued. Consequently, a new strategy for a National Ecological Network (NEN) has been developed. A number of factors are proposed which will determine the success, not only of the NEN in the Netherlands, but also of the proposed European Ecological Network (EECONET) in integrating the often conflicting goals of agriculture and nature conservation.
Towards practical environmental provision in Hungary
Authors: Reeves Alison 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEnvironmental policy and management issues relating to the improvement of environmental protection are addressed and the conflicts between environmental protection and economic development within a new democracy highlighted. There is a realization that as Hungary moves from a developing to a developed capitalist nation, much ‘progress’ takes place with little honest regard for environmental assets. No clear image exists of the importance of sustainable development and the benefits of conserving natural resources. Continued environmental degradation, efforts towards EC harmonization and privatization of industries and businesses have all lead the Hungarian Government to formulate new environmental policies. The lack of a countrywide environmental monitoring programme means that informed decision‐making over the development of pollution abatement strategies is difficult. Economic reform lies in the commissioning of new ‘green’ technology which will accompany initiatives directly concerned with the promotion of the sciences, arts and the environment. Concerns in Western Europe over pollution and the befoulment of the global community are still incongruous to most Eastern Europeans, who live in relative poverty. New priorities in environmental protection are being established which should take the priorities of the Hungarian nationals into account.
Environmental constraints on the economic and social development of Small Islands
Authors: Perdicoúlis Anastássios , Power Shahed 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe island of Syros in Greece is at the start of a major involvement in the tourist industry, while intensive agriculture is already being practised and a revival of its ship‐building industry is being negotiated. The development and maintenance of these and other activities is constrained by the natural resources on the island, such as land, water and energy, and by environmental degradation, the destruction of natural habitats and pollution. This paper outlines the present state of the environment and development on Syros and highlights specific environmental constraints to further economic and social development. The need for environmental resource management is emphasized, to co‐ordinate the efforts of the local authorities and individuals towards the achievement of a balanced level of resource utilization with prospects for sustainability.
Implementation of environmental policy using the eco‐management and audit scheme for UK local government: Experience in Cleveland
Authors: Counsell David , King Bob 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCleveland County Council's participation in the eco‐management and audit scheme pilot programme, its adoption of EMAS as a framework for implementing corporate environmental policy and its experience in introducing the scheme into units within the authority are outlined. Cleveland was one of seven local authorities involved in the pilot project for EMAS in UK local government and the scheme has now been adopted as a framework for implementing the County's environmental strategy. Action is proceeding both at the corporate level and within individual departments and units. A corporate overview and coordination system is in place and corporate action is being taken to address the direct environmental effects of energy and purchasing. A case study is included of the introduction of EMAS into the Department of Environment, Development and Transportation's Environment Division. The application of the EMAS framework to identify and tackle environmental effects is discussed. It is concluded that adoption of EMAS will improve environmental efficiency in the authority and help to promote good environmental performance in other sectors of the community.
Political evolution of EMAS: Perspectives from the EU, national governments and industrial groups
Authors: Franke Juergen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe adoption of the eco‐management and audit scheme (EMAS) in 1993 by the Council of Ministers was preceded by controversial debates. The European Commission presented EMAS in 1990 as a mandatory scheme. Industry responded in unison and rejected the compulsory nature of the scheme strongly. When the Commission decided to change the scheme into a voluntary standard, the response of industry became diverse. Industry in general welcomed EMAS as it saw it as a means to improve its image; German industry, however, continued to oppose the scheme. Its criticism was that the scheme did not take into account different emission standards which have to be achieved in different countries. Another important reason was that the management‐oriented scheme does not correspond well to the German approach to handling environmental problems. German companies are more technology‐oriented. An active advocate of EMAS was the UK. As the UK had taken the lead on environmental management systems and environmental auditing, it was keen to push these concepts throughout Europe.
Changes in an urban water resource, an example from Sydney, Australia
Authors: Warner R. F. , McLean E. J. , Pickup G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper examines present and future resource utilization in the tidal section of the Georges River in the southern part of Sydney. Over the last 30 years, the physical characteristics of the river have changed as a result of urbanization, changed hydrologic regime and sand dredging. Urbanization has resulted in an increase in population from 190,000 in 1947 to 550,000. This has resulted in an increase in runoff, sediment input to the river and waste disposal. The change in hydrologic regime has resulted in a substantial increase in the magnitude and frequency of flooding which has increased erosion. Sand dredging has increased the channel capacity, enlarged the tidal prism and increased water turbidity. It has also resulted in extensive bank erosion in the upper part of the river and extensive deposition lower down as tailings are deposited. Although most of these changes have resulted in the deterioration of environmental quality, use of the river for recreation and as an urban amenity has increased.
Pseudo‐anticlines and other structures in some calcretes of Botswana and South Africa
Authors: Watts N. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDeformation structures, within some Quaternary calcretes of Botswana and South Africa, have been classified into five types. Type 1 folds are small‐scale (< 2 m wavelength) anticlines in shale or sheet calcrete, separated by wedges of calcrete, polygonal in plan. The anticlines have resulted from horizontal expansion and buckling caused by the disruptive growth of the calcrete wedges. Type 2(a) folds are medium‐scale, strongly convoluted features in sheet calcrete and bedrock and are attributed to the introduction of calcrete along major vertical joint planes. Type 2(b) folds are large wavelength (> 20 m), but low amplitude (< 1 m), anticlines in hardpan calcrete; structural evidence suggests dominantly horizontal compression within the hardpan due either to an overall increase in volume of the calcrete, or to the disruptive formation of calcrete in joints in the synclinal areas. The mineralogy of the calcretes is dominated by low‐Mg calcite which may have inverted from a high‐Mg form; the deformation in type 1 and 2 folds was probably caused by the disruptive and displacive growth of calcite during calcretization. Type 3 folds are saucer‐shaped depressions in hardpan calcrete and may be due to the removal of soluble salts below the folded layer during or after calcretization. Finally, type 4 folds are small, diapiric anticlines resulting from the upward injection of swelling clays into calcrete or calcretized shale.