bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effect of (−)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate on Lipid Accumulation of 3T3‐L1 Cells
Authors: Moon Hyun‐Seuk , Chung Chung‐Soo , Lee Hong‐Gu , Kim Tae‐Gyu , Choi Yun‐Jaie , Cho Chong‐Su 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the attenuating effect of (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) on proliferation and lipid accumulation of 3T3‐L1 cells, with a focus on the duration of EGCG treatment.Research Methods and Procedures: Cell viability was measured by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium assay and diamidino‐2‐phenylindole staining. The anti‐adipogenic effect of EGCG on 3T3‐L1 cells was analyzed by glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity and Oil red O staining. Western blot analysis was used to detect adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and phosphorylation of its substrate, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), and expression of insulin (INS) receptor, INS receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1), and adipocyte marker proteins.Results: Exposure to EGCG during the early period of adipogenesis (7 days) was sufficient to prevent lipid accumulation. During this period, EGCG greatly decreased expression of the adipocyte marker proteins peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) and liver X receptor (LXR)‐α. Furthermore, EGCG significantly induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which led to AMPK activation, and these effects were eliminated by N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment. Also, EGCG increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of INS receptor and INS‐1 with increasing incubation time. In contrast, EGCG treatment did not alter glycerol release in the presence or absence of 2′,5′‐dideoxyadenosine (DDA), indicating that EGCG had no effect on lipolysis.Discussion: Our data demonstrate that EGCG decreased cell viability and inhibited differentiation of 3T3‐L1 cells in a manner dependent on the duration of treatment. Also, we showed that inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by EGCG was associated with decreased glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity accompanied by a strong inhibition of PPARγ2‐induced transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by EGCG involved generation of ROS and activation of AMPK.
Adipocyte‐derived Lipoprotein Lipase Induces Macrophage Activation and Monocyte Adhesion: Role of Fatty Acids
Authors: Li Ling , Renier Geneviève 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: We evaluated the effect of adipocyte‐derived lipoprotein lipase (LPL) on macrophage activation and monocyte adhesion and the role of fatty acids in these effects.Research Methods and Procedures: 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were incubated with heparin or insulin to induce LPL secretion; then adipocyte conditioned media (CM) were added to cultured J774 macrophages or human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Macrophage cytokine production and monocyte adhesion to HAECs were determined.Results: Incubation of macrophages with heparin‐ or insulin‐treated adipocyte CM increased tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin‐6, and nitric oxide production by these cells. LPL neutralization and heparinase treatment prevented these effects. Addition of active LPL or palmitate to cultured macrophages replicated these effects. Blockade of leptin also reduced the effect of insulin‐treated adipocyte CM on macrophage inflammatory changes. Induction of macrophage cytokine secretion by leptin was prevented by LPL immunoneutralization. Finally, addition of CM of heparin‐ or insulin‐treated adipocytes to HAECs stimulated monocyte adhesion to these cells, an effect that was abrogated by an anti‐LPL antibody. This effect was reproduced by treating HAECs with active LPL or palmitate.Discussion: These results point to an effect of LPL‐mediated lipolysis in macrophage activation and monocyte adhesion.
The Safety Profiles of Orlistat and Sibutramine: Results of Prescription‐Event Monitoring Studies in England
Authors: Perrio Michael J. , Wilton Lynda V. , Shakir Saad A. W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIntroduction: Observational cohort studies were conducted using prescription‐event monitoring (PEM) to examine the safety profiles of the anti‐obesity agents orlistat and sibutramine. Adverse events reported as case reports were also evaluated to determine whether these events were also identified by PEM.Research Methods and Procedures: Patients were identified from dispensed prescriptions written by general practitioners (GPs) in England for orlistat or sibutramine. Patient demographic and clinical event information, including reasons for stopping and adverse drug reactions, were requested on questionnaires posted to GPs at least 6 months after the first prescription for individual patients. Event incidence densities (IDs) (number of first reports of event/1000 patient‐months treatment) were calculated for month 1 (ID1) and months 2–3 (ID2–3). Published case reports were identified by searching Medline and Embase.Results: The cohorts comprised 16,021 and 12,336 patients prescribed orlistat and sibutramine, respectively. Both cohorts had a median age of 45 years, and ∼80% were female. The most common reason for stopping orlistat within 3 months was diarrhea (332 patients; 2.1% cohort), and for stopping sibutramine it was hypertension (203 patients; 1.6%). Clinical events significantly associated with taking orlistat were mainly gastrointestinal and those for sibutramine included central nervous system effects, nausea/vomiting, palpitation, and sweating. We identified 8 published case reports for orlistat and 10 for sibutramine that had equivalent or similar events assessed as causally related in the PEM studies.Conclusions: The PEM studies highlighted different adverse event profiles for orlistat and sibutramine that were consistent with their distinct pharmacological mechanisms and other published information.
Effects of a Reimbursement Incentive on Enrollment in a Weight Control Program
Authors: Butsch W. Scott , Ard Jamy D. , Allison David B. , Patki Amit , Henson C. Suzanne , Rueger Miriam M. , Hubbert Katherine A. , Glandon Gerry L. , Heimburger Douglas C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to examine the effect of offering a reimbursement incentive on the percentage of inquirers who enrolled in a weight control program and on weight loss and program attendance among enrollees.Research Methods and Procedures: We used a sequential control‐intervention design to observe how inquirers of the University of Alabama at Birmingham EatRight Lifestyle Program responded to an enrollment incentive for potential 50% ($150) reimbursement of the total program fee if they attended 10 of 12 classes and lost at least 6% of their current body weight. Inquirers had to be adults with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2, seeking information about a weight control program, and informed of the program cost. Outcomes included proportion of inquirers enrolled, overall number of classes attended, and weight loss.Results: Of the 401 people who inquired during the study periods, 24.5% and 25.0% enrolled in the intervention and control periods, respectively. There was a trend toward higher attendance in the intervention group, compared with the control group; there were no differences in percentage of weight loss. The odds of attending ≥10 classes were 2.4 times as high, and both losing >6% body weight and attending ≥10 classes were three times as high in the intervention subjects compared with controls, although non‐significant.Discussion: The potential of earning a performance‐based reimbursement incentive did not affect enrollment in the EatRight Lifestyle Program. Performance‐based incentives may be an ideal mechanism for extending coverage of weight‐loss interventions by insurers because of limited financial risk and improved adherence.
Personal, Behavioral, and Environmental Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Overweight
Authors: Haines Jess , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne , Wall Melanie , Story Mary 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to examine a breadth of personal, behavioral, and socio‐environmental factors as potential risk and protective factors of overweight among male and female adolescents.Research Methods and Procedures: A longitudinal study was conducted with an ethnically and socio‐economically diverse sample of 2516 adolescents who completed surveys at both Time 1 (1998 to 1999) and Time 2 (2003 to 2004) of the Project Eating Among Teens (EAT) study.Results: In 1998 to 1999, 335 (25.7%) girls and 282 (26.4%) boys met the age‐adjusted criteria for overweight. During the 5‐year study period, 236 (70.5%) of the overweight girls and 185 (65.7%) of the overweight boys remained overweight and 115 (12.0%) girls and 77 (9.9%) boys originally not overweight became overweight. Although differences by sex were found, a number of personal, behavioral, and socio‐environmental factors were associated with overweight among both male and female adolescents. Body dissatisfaction and weight concerns at Time 1 predicted overweight at Time 2 for both male and female adolescents. Dieting and use of unhealthy weight control behaviors at Time 1 also predicted overweight at Time 2. Greater frequency of breakfast consumption at Time 1 was protective against overweight. Higher levels of weight‐related teasing and parental weight‐related concerns and behaviors at Time 1 were positively associated with Time 2 overweight.Discussion: Body dissatisfaction, weight concerns, use of unhealthy weight control behaviors, weight‐related stigmatization, and parental concern about the child's weight may increase risk for adolescent overweight. Interventions that enhance adolescents’ body satisfaction while providing them with skills to avoid dieting and to engage in more effective weight‐control behaviors should be developed and tested.
Maternal Obesity Is Associated With Younger Age at Obesity Onset in U.S. Adolescent Offspring Followed Into Adulthood
Authors: Gordon‐Larsen Penny , Adair Linda S. , Suchindran Chirayath M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to test the hypothesis that maternal obesity is associated with younger age of offspring's obesity onset.Research Methods and Procedures: We used prospective, nationally representative, longitudinal data collected across Waves I (1995; 12 to 20 years), II (1996; 13 to 20 years), and III (2001; 18 to 28 years) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 14,654; 49% female). Interval regression analysis was used to assess the association between maternal obesity and age at offspring's obesity onset (International Obesity Task Force BMI ≥30 equivalent age‐ and sex‐specific cut‐off points for adolescents and BMI ≥30 for young adults) using self‐reported heights and weights, adjusting for race/ethnicity, sex, parental education, and family income, accounting for complex sampling design.Results: The net effect of having an obese mother varied by race/ethnicity and was associated with a significantly earlier age at obesity onset (p = 0.0001) for whites [β= −8.1 year, 95% confidence interval (CI), −9.3; −6.9)], blacks (β = −10.8 years, 95% CI, −12.4; −9.2), Hispanics (β = −7.0 years, 95% CI, −9.2; −4.8), and Asians (β = −8.6 years, 95% CI, −13.3; −3.9). Earlier obesity onset (<18 years) was associated with increased severity at young adulthood (mean BMI, 36.0 ± 0.3 kg/m2) vs. onset after age 18 (mean BMI, 34.4 ± 0.2 kg/m2; p = 0.0001). There were no sex differences in the association of maternal obesity to age at obesity onset.Conclusions: Having an obese mother was associated with earlier age at obesity onset across all race/ethnic groups, particularly non‐Hispanic blacks. Early obesity onset has important health consequences because of its association with more severe adult obesity.
The Use of BMI and Waist Circumference as Surrogates of Body Fat Differs by Ethnicity
Authors: Lear Scott A. , Humphries Karin H. , Kohli Simi , Birmingham C. Laird 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To compare the prediction of percentage body fat using BMI and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) using waist circumference (WC) in individuals of Chinese, European, and South Asian origin.Research Methods and Procedures: Healthy men and women of Chinese, European, and South Asian origin (n = 627) between the ages of 30 and 65 years were recruited to ensure equal distribution of gender and representation across BMI ranges (18.5 to 24.9, 25 to 29.9, and ≥30 kg/m2). Participants were assessed for demographics, anthropometry, lifestyle, and regional adiposity. Percentage body fat and VAT were measured by DXA and computer tomography scan, respectively.Results: BMI and WC were highly correlated with total and regional measures of adiposity in each ethnic group. At any BMI, the percentage body fat of Chinese participants was similar to that of Europeans, but that of South Asians was greater by 3.9% (p < 0.001). Above a WC of 71.0 cm, the Chinese participants had an increasingly greater amount of VAT than the Europeans (p = 0.017 for interaction). South Asians had significantly more VAT than the Europeans at all but the most extreme WC (above 105 cm) (p < 0.05).Discussion: Compared with Europeans, percentage body fat was higher for a given BMI in South Asians, whereas VAT was higher for a given WC in both Chinese and South Asian men and women. These findings support the use of ethnic‐specific anthropometric targets.
Waist Circumference and BMI Cut‐off Based on 10‐year Cardiovascular Risk: Evidence for “Central Pre‐Obesity”
Authors: Ko Gary T. C. , Tang Joyce S. F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to assess the waist circumference (WC) cut‐off point that best identifies a level of 10‐year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with optimal balance of sensitivity and specificity in Chinese subjects according to their predicted 10‐year CVD risk.Research Methods and Procedures: A community‐based cross‐sectional observational study involving 14,919 Hong Kong Chinese subjects. The 10‐year CVD risk based on various prediction models was calculated. The projected WC cut‐off points were then determined.Results: There were 4837 (32.4%) men and 10,082 (67.6%) women (mean age ± standard deviation, 47.3 ± 13.5 years; age range, 18 to 93 years; median age, 45.0 years). The mean optimal WC or BMI predicting a 15% to 30% 10‐year CVD risk were 83 to 88 cm and 25 kg/m2 for men, and 76 cm and 23 kg/m2 for women, respectively. With WC ≥90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women, the likelihood ratio at various WC cut‐off points to develop a ≥20% 10‐year CVD risk is 1.5 to 2.0 in men and 3.0 in women. The likelihood ratio was 1.5 in men with WC at 84 cm and in women at 70 cm.Discussion: Our results agree with the present guidelines on the definition of general and central obesity in Asia‐Pacific regions. We propose the creation of an intermediate state of high WC, the “central pre‐obesity” for Chinese men with WC ≥84 to 90 cm (≥33 to 36 inches) and women with WC ≥74 to 80 cm (≥29 to 32 inches). People with central pre‐obesity, similar to those with overweight (BMI ≥23 to 25 kg/m2), already have an increased risk of co‐morbidities.
Overweight and Obesity: Two Predictors for Worse Early Outcome in Total Hip Replacement?
Authors: Kessler Stefan , Käfer Wolfram 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Doctors and patients assume that overweight and obesity are negative predictors for good and excellent early outcome after total hip replacement. It was the purpose of this prospective investigation to assess whether overweight or obese patients have worse early postoperative outcome in comparison with normal‐weight patients.Research Methods and Procedures: Sixty‐seven consecutive patients receiving a total hip replacement were enrolled in the study. Patients were grouped into three samples according to BMI: normal‐weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2, n = 11), overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m2, n = 36), and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2, n = 20). At 10 days and at 3 months after surgery, the patient‐centered outcome was analyzed with a self‐administered assessment chart, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index. Statistical analysis was performed with a multiple regression model that took into consideration further confounding parameters (age, sex, affected side, anchorage of the implant, duration of surgery, hospital length of stay, and prior pain, stiffness, and function).Results: No significant influence of individual BMI on subjective outcome according to the WOMAC questionnaire was observed at either 10 days or 3 months after surgery. Hospital length of stay was comparable, and WOMAC scores did not differ significantly preoperatively, at 10 days, or at 3 months postoperatively among patients with different BMI.Discussion: These data showed that the BMI of the patients in our study sample had no significant impact on early outcome or hospital length of stay after total hip replacement. Our data suggest, therefore, that body weight should not be a justification for withholding surgery from overweight or obese patients.
A Multimedia Tool for the Informed Consent of Patients prior to Gastric Banding
Authors: Eggers Carsten , Obliers Rainer , Koerfer Armin , Thomas Walter , Koehle Karl , Hoelscher Arnulf H. , Bollschweiler Elfriede 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Severe obesity is a clear indication for appropriate, effective weight loss therapy. One option is operative intervention, e.g., gastric banding. Risks of the operation and therapeutic alternatives need to be comprehensibly presented to the patient. The literature has shown that better informed consent is obtained using information presented in a multimedia/video‐based format. The current study developed and evaluated a multimedia program aimed at obtaining informed consent from obese patients before gastric banding.Research Methods and Procedure: An interactive multimedia program was developed with information about preoperative examinations, the operation itself, hospital stay, operative risks, alternative therapies, and the pathophysiology and health risks of obesity. Two groups (Group 1, n = 20, mean age 38 years, informed consent attained with conventional document information; Group 2, n = 20, mean age 37 years, informed consent attained with additional multimedia information) were interviewed regarding comprehensibility of the information presented, personal satisfaction, and anxiety levels during the informed consent process.Results: Group 2 showed significantly better (p < 0.05) understanding of the presented information and higher levels of satisfaction with the informed consent process. Anxiety levels did not significantly differ between the two groups.Discussion: Because patient satisfaction with the informed consent process and understanding of the presented information significantly improved, the multimedia program clearly benefits both surgeons and patients. Personal contact from the surgeon remains essential. High volumes of information presented in multimedia format do not alleviate patient anxiety, and personal contact may be beneficial.
Functional UQCRC1 Polymorphisms Affect Promoter Activity and Body Lipid Accumulation
Authors: Kunej Tanja , Wang Zeping , Michal Jennifer J. , Daniels Tyler F. , Magnuson Nancy S. , Jiang Zhihua 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes constitute leading public health problems worldwide. Studies have shown that insulin resistance affiliated with these conditions is associated with skeletal muscle lipid accumulation, while the latter is associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions. However, the initiation and regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis rely heavily on ∼1000 nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial regulatory proteins. In this study, we targeted the ubiquinol‐cytochrome c reductase core protein I gene, a nuclear‐encoded component of mitochondrial complex III, for its association with subcutaneous fat depth (SFD) and skeletal muscle lipid accumulation (SMLA) using cattle as a model. Four promoter polymorphisms were identified and genotyped on ∼250 Wagyu × Limousin F2 progeny. Statistical analysis revealed that two completely linked polymorphic sites, g.13487C>T and g.13709G>C (r2 = 1), were significantly associated with both SFD (p < 0.01) and SMLA (p < 0.0001). The difference between TTCC and CCGG haplotypes was 0.178 cm for SFD and 0.624 scores for SMLA. Interestingly, the former haplotype produced higher promoter activities than the latter by 43% to 49% in three cell lines (p < 0.05). In addition to Rett syndrome and breast/ovarian cancer observed in other studies, we report evidence for the first time, to our knowledge, that overexpression of ubiquinol‐cytochrome c reductase core protein I might affect mitochondrial morphology and/or physiology and lead to development of obesity and related conditions.
Sex Difference in Heritability of BMI in South Korean Adolescent Twins
Authors: Hur Yoon‐Mi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTwin studies of BMI on the basis of Asian twins are extremely rare. Eight hundred eighty‐eight pairs of twins [279 monozygotic (MZ) and 82 dizygotic (DZ) pairs of male twins, 319 MZ and 82 DZ pairs of female twins, and 126 opposite‐sex pairs of DZ twins] completed items concerning height and weight through a mail and a telephone survey. A general sex‐limitation model was applied to the data. Heritability estimate was greater among women than among men. However, there was little evidence of sex‐specific genes. Under the best‐fitting model, additive genetic variances were 82% [95% confidence interval (CI): 72% to 95%] for men and 87% (95% CI: 77% to 99%) for women; shared environmental variances were negligible in both men and women. These estimates of genetic and environmental factors in BMI found among South Korean adolescent twins were broadly in the range of those reported in previous studies of BMI based on Western twin samples.
Internal and External Cues of Meal Cessation: The French Paradox Redux?
Authors: Wansink Brian , Payne Collin R. , Chandon Pierre 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Our objective was to investigate whether people who use internal cues of satiation when eating a meal are likely to weigh less than people who instead rely on external cues. In addition to exploring the role that internal and external cues play in meal cessation, this study raises an overlooked explanation of the French paradox.Research Methods and Procedures: A demographically‐matched student sample of 133 Parisians and 145 Chicagoans completed a brief survey on meal cessation that asked the extent to which they agreed with statements associated with internal cessation cues and statements with external cessation cues. Their answers to these were compared across BMI levels and across countries.Results: Normal‐weight people indicated that they were more likely to be influenced by internal cues of meal cessation (p = 0.043), while overweight people indicated that they were more influenced by external cues (p = 0.005). Similarly, while the French were influenced by internal cues of meal cessation (p < 0.001), Americans were more influenced by external cues (p < 0.001).Discussion: This research revisits Schachter's externality hypothesis and suggests that one's over‐reliance on external cues may prove useful in offering a partial explanation of why BMI might vary across people and potentially across cultures. Relying on internal cues for meal cessation, rather than on external cues, may improve eating patterns over the long term.