bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of forkhead box class O family member transcription factors in rheumatoid synovial tissue
Authors: Ludikhuize J. , de Launay D. , Groot D. , Smeets T. J. M. , Vinkenoog M. , Sanders M. E. , Tas S. W. , Tak P. P. , Reedquist K. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectivePhosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase–dependent activation of protein kinase B (PKB) has been observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue, and mechanisms that interfere with this process are protective in animal models of arthritis. PKB can regulate cell survival and proliferation via phosphorylation‐dependent inactivation of forkhead box class O (FoxO) transcription factors. The present study was undertaken to examine whether FoxO transcription factors are differentially inactivated in RA synovial tissue, and whether this inactivation correlates with laboratory and clinical parameters of disease activity.MethodsThe expression and phosphorylation of FoxO family members were assessed in synovial biopsy tissue from 12 patients with RA and 9 patients with inflammatory osteoarthritis (OA), by immunohistochemistry and quantitative computer‐assisted image analysis. Immunoblotting was used to assess the interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)– and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–induced phosphorylation of FoxO1 and FoxO4 in cultured fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) and macrophages.ResultsFoxO1, FoxO3a, and FoxO4 were expressed and phosphorylated in synovial tissue from both RA patients and OA patients. In RA synovial tissue, phosphorylation of FoxO1 was observed in both FLS and macrophages, FoxO3a in T lymphocytes, and FoxO4 in macrophages alone. Following stimulation with IL‐1β and TNFα, FoxO1 and FoxO4 were phosphorylated in both RA and OA FLS and synovial macrophages, respectively. Inactivation of FoxO4 was significantly enhanced in the RA as compared with the OA synovial sublining. There was a strong negative correlation between inactivation of FoxO4 in RA synovial tissue and increased serum C‐reactive protein levels and a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate in RA patients.ConclusionAll 3 FoxO family members examined were phosphorylated in both RA and OA synovial tissue; in particular, inactivation of FoxO4 was significantly enhanced in macrophages from RA synovial tissue. Thus, cell‐specific inactivation of FoxO family members appears to differentially regulate cell survival and proliferation in the RA synovium.
Antigen‐specific suppression of established arthritis in mice by dendritic cells deficient in NF‐κB
Authors: Martin Ela , Capini Christelle , Duggan Emily , Lutzky Viviana P. , Stumbles Philip , Pettit Allison R. , O'Sullivan Brendan , Thomas Ranjeny 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveNF‐κB inhibitors applied to animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) demonstrate the important role of NF‐κB in the production of mediators of inflammation in the joint and their antiinflammatory effects. Because NF‐κB is involved in the differentiation, activation, and survival of almost all cells, its prolonged inhibition might have unwanted adverse effects. Therefore, we sought to apply NF‐κB inhibitors more specifically, targeting dendritic cell (DC) differentiation, in order to influence the outcome of the autoimmune response, rather than to produce a broad antiinflammatory effect. We tested whether DCs treated with the NF‐κB inhibitor BAY 11‐7082 and exposed to arthritogenic antigen would suppress established arthritis in C57BL/6 mice.MethodsAntigen‐induced arthritis was generated in C57BL/6 mice by injection of methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA). After mBSA challenge, mouse knee joints were injected with antigen‐exposed BAY 11‐7082–treated DCs or with soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR). Intraarticular injection of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) was used to induce disease flare.ResultsInflammation and erosion were suppressed in mice that received mBSA‐exposed BAY 11‐7082–treated DCs, but not in those that received keyhole limpet hemocyanin–exposed BAY 11‐7082–treated DCs. Clinical improvement was dependent on IL‐10 and was associated with antigen‐specific suppression of the delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction and switching of anti‐mBSA antibody isotype from IgG2b to IgG1 and IgA. Suppression of the DTH reaction or arthritic disease was not impaired by concomitant administration of sTNFR. Suppression could be reversed with intraarticular administration of IL‐1β and could be restored by a second injection of mBSA‐exposed BAY 11‐7082–treated DCs.ConclusionBAY 11‐7082–treated DCs induce antigen‐specific immune suppression in this model of inflammatory arthritis, even after full clinical expression of the disease. Such DCs have potential as antigen‐specific therapy for autoimmune inflammatory arthritis, including RA.
Gonad evaluation in male systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Soares Pollyana Maria F. , Borba Eduardo Ferreira , Bonfa Eloisa , Hallak Jorge , Corrêa André Luiz , Silva Clovis Artur A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess gonad function in male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThirty‐five consecutive male patients with SLE according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology were prospectively evaluated for demographic and clinical features as well as previous and current treatment. Patients underwent urologic evaluation and testicular Doppler ultrasound. We obtained a hormone profile and performed a semen analysis including morphology and testing for the presence of antisperm antibodies. Patients were compared with 35 age‐matched healthy controls.ResultsCompared with controls, SLE patients had lower median testicular volumes in both testes, a lower median total sperm count, and a lower median total motile sperm count. The mean sperm volume and percentage of normally formed sperm were lower in SLE patients than in controls. Since all SLE patients had semen alterations, they were further subdivided into 2 groups according to the severity of these abnormalities (group 1, with teratozoospermia [n = 18], and group 2, with azoospermia or teratozoospermia in combination with oligozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia [n = 17]). The frequency of treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide (IV CYC) after the first ejaculation was higher in group 2 than in group 1. The median testicular volumes measured by ultrasound in both testicles were lower in group 2 than in group 1. Follicle‐stimulating hormone levels were higher in group 2 than in group 1. The overall frequency of antisperm antibodies in SLE patients was 40%. The apparent higher frequency of antisperm antibodies in group 1 than in group 2 did not reach significance.ConclusionSLE patients have a high frequency of sperm abnormalities associated with reduced testicular volume. Postpubertal IV CYC treatment was the major factor in potential permanent damage to the testes.
Effects of infliximab therapy on gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α, tristetraprolin, T cell intracellular antigen 1, and Hu antigen R in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sugihara Makoto , Tsutsumi Akito , Suzuki Eiji , Wakamatsu Ei , Suzuki Takeshi , Ogishima Hiroshi , Hayashi Taichi , Chino Yusuke , Ishii Wataru , Mamura Mizuko , Goto Daisuke , Matsumoto Isao , Ito Satoshi , Sumida Takayuki 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveTristetraprolin (TTP), T cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA‐1), and Hu antigen R (HuR) are adenine/uridine‐rich element binding proteins (ABPs) that affect the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) by binding to TNF messenger RNA (mRNA). TTP promotes deadenylation, TIA‐1 inhibits translation, and HuR stabilizes TNFα mRNA. The aims of this study were to understand the posttranscriptional control of TNFα production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to identify parameters that may predict the efficacy of anti‐TNFα therapy.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from 38 patients with RA were obtained before therapy and 2 weeks and 54 weeks after administration of the first dose of infliximab, and from 20 healthy control subjects. TNFα, TTP, TIA‐1, and HuR gene expression levels were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsAt baseline, TTP and HuR gene expression levels, as well as the TTP:TNFα, TTP:HuR, and TIA‐1:TNFα gene expression ratios were lower in patients with RA than in control subjects, while expression of TNFα, TIA‐1, and TIA‐1:HuR was higher in patients with RA. The TTP:HuR expression ratio decreased significantly after administration of infliximab. Positive correlations were observed between TNFα and TTP, TNFα and TIA‐1, TIA‐1 and HuR, and TNFα and HuR gene expression in both healthy control subjects and patients with RA. At baseline, the TIA‐1:HuR ratio tended to be higher in patients who achieved 50% improvement according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR50) at week 54 than in those who did not achieve at least an ACR20 response.ConclusionDifferences in ABP gene expression may affect TNFα gene expression. A higher TIA‐1:HuR expression ratio might correlate with the response to infliximab therapy.
Opinion Paper. Operations research in libraries: A critical assessment
Authors: Bommer Michael 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the past decade a multitude of operations research models have appeared in the literature, each promising to help library managers in making better plans and decisions. To date, few of these models are being employed by libraries. The major reasons which seem to be preventing operations research from achieving its potential and fulfilling the expectations of its proponents in library management are explored. Finally, a prescription is formulated to guide library managers in working more effectively with operations researchers.
Bradford's law and the periodical literature of information science
Authors: Pope Andrew 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe journal citations in A Bibliography on Information Science and Technology (13) provide the data for this Bradford graphical analysis. The mixture of scholarly and nonscholarly work which constitutes the periodical literature of information science is discussed, primarily in terms of the ten journals isolated as the core. The analysis is also directed toward as assessment of the completeness of the bibliography. It is inferred that the bibliography is 72 percent complete in terms of journals and 83 percent complete in terms of articles.Two further uses that have been proposed for the Bradford distribution are ranking subjects in order of breadth and determining policy for collections development. The limited results available in these two areas are considered and problems for future research suggested.
Patterns of citation densities by date of publication in physical review
Authors: Sandison Alexander 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCitations in Physical Review by the staff of the Physics Department of M.I.T. in 1970‐71 were analyzed as references‐permeter of shelf. These citation densities were independent of age for pre‐1962 volumes, but the mean density for the 1961‐55 volumes in the main library was twice that for less accessible 1954‐40 volumes in the basements. For the 1969‐62 volumes, the densities fell with age, perhaps partly due to the greater accessibility of the most recent personal copies, and partly to a difference between the relatively recent literature on the precise topics being discussed, compared with the less age‐dependent literatures on theory and methodology. There was no evidence that exponential models are to be preferred over linear models or that citation density patterns reflect library use.
Information science and the phenomenon of information
Authors: Belkin Nicholas J. , Robertson Stephen E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper aims to deduce the fundamental phenomena of information science, starting from two premises: that information science is a problem‐oriented discipline concerned with the effective transfer of desired information from human generator to human user, and that the single notion common to all concepts of information now extant is that of change of structure.From these premises, a spectrum of information concepts is derived, and a partition of that spectrum particular to the purposes of information science is described. From this partition, the terms text and information (both in information science) are defined, and the fundamental phenomena of information science are deduced: the text and its structure, the structure of the recipient and changes in that structure, and the structure of the sender and the structuring of the text.These phenomena are seen as the basic components of the mechanisms of the channel, which have been the traditional area of interest to information science. Some implications of this approach for research in information science are discussed in this paper.And, finally, the question of the ethics of theoretical research in information science is raised, and a restrictive condition is proposed.
Scientific freedom and responsibility
Authors: Cretsos James M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn July 1975, ASIS President Dale Baker asked the ASIS Professional Enhancement Committee to react to the report of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility. The AAAS report surveyed the principal contemporary conflicts that have arisen involving scientific freedom and responsible scientific conduct. The members of the AAAS Committee were asked “to recommend mechanisms to enable the Association to review specific instances in which scientific freedom is alleged to have been abridged or otherwise endangered, or responsible scientific conduct is alleged to have been violated.” According to William D. Carey, AAAS Executive Officer, “a historic and fundamental issue is implicit in this charge, namely: can the scientific community voluntarily develop suitable arrangements to insure that the freedom enjoyed and the responsibilities assumed by its members are consistent with the high ideals it has set for itself?” AAAS formally requested ASIS to carefully study its report and to comment on strategies through which AAAS can join with its affiliated societies to implement the recommendations made by the Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility. The following report was submitted to President Baker in October 1975 by the ASIS Professional Enhancement Committee (Erwin W. Bedarf, H.W. Jones, Harry H. Pritchett, Maryeva W. Terry, and James M. Cretsos, Chairman).
Is user satisfaction a hobgoblin?
Authors: Soergel Dagobert 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper is in response to William S. Cooper: “On Selecting a Measure of Retrieval Effectiveness.”Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 1973;24(2)87–100.
Whereas Cooper considers (subjective) satisfaction of a user as the utility of an individual search (and then computes system utility as the average search utility), this paper argues that improvement in the task performance of the user is a much more appropriate measure of utility. From this it is shown that recall, while unimportant or even harmful in many search situations, is of vital importance in others. This is in contrast to Cooper's view that recall by itself is not a meaningful measure of system performance at all.
The yield formula and bradford's law
Authors: Haspers Jan H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe relation between a number of n top producing journals and their cumulative yield R(n)—articles, loans—is expressed by a yield graph (Figs. 1 and 3). Graphically, by linearization of the yield graph (Figs. 2 and 4), the following yield formula is deduced (Fig. 5): \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ R\left(n \right) = h\log \left({\frac{n}{u} + 1} \right) + R\left(0 \right)\;{\rm for}\,n \ge 0 $\end{document}h, u and R(0) are constants.The yield formula needs three constants to fit the observed data, while Bradford's formulations suffice with two constants. Bradford's verbal formulation is a particular case of the yield formula, namely for R(0) = 0.Linearization of the yield graph will be achieved by plotting R(n) against log (n + u).A method for the estimation of the number of “core” journals is given.
Unconventional uses of on‐line information retrieval systems: On‐line bibliometric studies
Authors: Hawkins Donald T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOn‐line interactive literature searching systems have “come of age” and have revolutionized information retrieval techniques. They are now widely used for subject‐oriented searching. Much more than subject information is available in most of the data bases currently available, such as author names, corporate affiliations, journal titles, and CODEN. These are useful for bibliometric‐type studies, that is, quantitative analysis of the bibliographic features of a body of literature. Several examples are given, including journal comparison studies, corporate affiliation studies, and statistical studies.Inconsistencies and errors in data bases become important, and the searcher must be alert to their existence. Indexing policies of the different data bases must also be taken into consideration.
On indexing, retrieval and the meaning of about
Authors: Maron M. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe primary objective of this paper is to examine the concept of about as it is used in its information retrieval sense when, for example, an indexer judges that a document is (or is not) about some given subject. The problem with about is that it is a very complex notion and we are unable to say precisely what it is we do when we make judgment of aboutness. Since about is at the heart of indexing, how are we to formulate any proper theory of indexing if we cannot explicate precisely the key concept of about? In this paper we look at this concept of about and offer a solution to the problem mentioned; it consists of an operational definition of about which interprets about in terms of search behavior.A second objective of this paper is to show that about is, in fact, not the central concept in a theory of document retrieval. A document retrieval system ought to provide a ranked output (in response to a search query) not according to the degree that they are about the topic sought by the inquiring patron, but rather according to the probability that they will satisfy that person's information need. This paper shows how aboutness is related to probability of satisfaction.
Economic modeling: An aid to the pricing of information services
Authors: Zais Harriet W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe pressures of limited budgets and of increased competition for use of funds are forcing information centers and libraries to initiate user fees. There have been, however, few precedents or guidelines to which the information service administrator might turn for assistance in formulating pricing policy.In this paper, components of the pricing decision are identified: the pricing objectives pursued, the pricing policies these aims are translated into, and the actual pricing methods employed in calculating what price to charge. A variety of pricing methods can be used to meet a given pricing objective, and several of these pricing practices are described using a basic classification scheme developed for the field of marketing: cost‐oriented, competition‐oriented, and demand‐oriented approaches to pricing.Costs represent a starting point for developing pricing structure, and cost‐oriented pricing techniques are taken up in detail. Cost functions are identified and their impact on price setting is suggested. Examples and data are provided from recent research into the pricing of computer‐assisted selective dissemination of information (SDI) services. The techniques of price discrimination, marginal cost pricing, and break‐even analysis are discussed.In making policy decisions, the need for accurate and complete cost data and demand information is emphasized, and several common approaches to estimating demand elasticity are suggested. The paper ends with a brief enumeration of sources of models to be explored for their applicability to the pricing of information services.
The industrial special library universe—A “base line” study of its extent and characteristics
Authors: Jackson Eugene B. , Jackson Ruth L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe “heart” of the industrial technical library universe is encompassed in the library systems of 311 of FORTUNE'S “500” Corporations. Of the 30+ variables used to delineate these 311 systems, the number of professional librarians, libraries, and corporations were most important. A “Library Penetration” ratio was evolved from the three measures. To meet the budget‐setting need for cross‐industry comparison, FORTUNE'S 29 industry classifications were used, with Chemicals and Petroleum Refining most important. Systems including overseas units, or internationally operating systems, were statistical leaders in every measure. Twenty‐four pairs of measures were found to have a correlation (R) of 0.80 (or higher) with significance R of 0.00001. How the re‐maining 189 of FORTUNE'S “500” operate without formal information services requires study.
Clustering large files of documents using the single‐link method
Authors: Croft W. Bruce 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA method for clustering large files of documents using a clustering algorithm which takes O(n2) operations (single‐link) is proposed. This method is tested on a file of 11,613 documents derived from an operational system. One property of the generated cluster hierarchy (hierarchy connection percentage) is examined and it indicates that the hierarchy is similar to those from other test collections. A comparison of clustering times with other methods showsthat large files can be clustered by single‐link in a time at least comparable to various heuristic algorithms which theoretically require fewer operations.
Sociodemographic correlates of intercounty variations in the public library output
Authors: Kim Chai , Shin Eui Hang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractModern systems theory is applied in constructing a recursive, multivariate causal model for an analysis of intercounty variations of the public library output. In the model, drawing the data on population and libraries from the counties in Florida, selected sociodemographic variables of the community are considered as exogenous variables, while the resource characteristics of the library are designated as intermediate variables which link the exogenous variables to the endogenous variable, per capita circulation. The results of our analysis indicate that four independent variables (educational level, proportion of registered library users, per capita operating cost, and per capita library collection) account for about 74% of the variance in per capita library circulation. Of the four independent variables, educational level exerts the largest effect followed by per capita library collection. Findings suggest several important policy implications to those who allocate library resources to competing libraries.
Some stylistic variations in scientific writing
Authors: Tagliacozzo Renata 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe work reported in this paper suggests that some of the syntactical and stylistic characteristics of scientific writing can be used to assess the degree of specialization of such writing. Two groups of articles, dealing with the same subjects but differing in degree of specialization, were compared. The texts of the more technical articles were found to have a lower percentage of function words and a higher number of noun adjuncts than the texts of the more general articles. Some differences between the writings of two different fields‐Psychophysics and Genetics‐were noted.