bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Imidazolines from Nitriles Using Sodium Hydrosulfide as Catalyst.
Authors: Sun Min , Wei Hong‐Tao , Li Dong , Zheng You‐Guang , Cai Jin , Ji Min 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2‐Aminobenzothiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Srivastava S. D. , Sen J. P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 2,5‐Disubstituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles at Ambient Temperature.
Authors: Pore D. M. , Mahadik S. M. , Desai U. V. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acids and Their Heterocyclic Analogues.
Authors: Ryabukhin Sergey V. , Plaskon Andrey S. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Pipko Sergey E. , Tolmachev Andrey A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐(Carbohydrate‐ethynyl)‐2′‐deoxyuridine Derivatives.
Authors: Yang Ruchun , Ding Haixin , Song Yang , Xiao Weihong , Xiao Qiang , Wu Jun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and anti‐HIV‐1 Activity of Carbocyclic Versions of Stavudine Analogues Using a Ring‐Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Liu Lian Jin , Ko Ok Hyun , Hong Joon Hee 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Activity of Novel 1β‐Methylcarbapenems Having Spiro[2,4]heptane Moieties. Part 2.
Authors: Park Hyeong Beom , Jung Myung Ho , Cho Jung‐Hyuck , Oh Chang‐Hyun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Surfactant‐Free Hydrothermal Formation of Pb3O4 Nanorods.
Authors: Arami Hamed , Mazloumi Mahyar , Khalifehzadeh Razieh , Sadrnezhaad S. K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cluster Complexes as anti‐Werner Complexes
Authors: Meyer Gerd 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Design and Coordination Chemistry of Heteroscorpionate Ligands Bearing Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Otero Antonio , Fernandez‐Baeza Juan , Lara‐ Sanchez Agustin , Tajeda Juan , Sanchez‐Barba Luis Fernando 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Refinement of seco‐Steroidal Skeleton and the Biological Activity Through Nuclear Receptors
Authors: Kittaka Atsushi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Boron‐Containing Functional π‐Electron Materials
Authors: Wakamiya Atsushi , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Promise and Challenge of Iron‐Catalyzed Cross Coupling
Authors: Sherry Benjamin D. , Fuerstner Alois 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Versatile Methods for Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Aryl Electrophiles Through the Use of P(t‐Bu)3 and PCy3 as Ligands
Authors: Fu Gregory C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Carbon—Carbon Bond‐Formation Reactions
Authors: Hess Wilfried , Treutwein Jonas , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrogen‐15 NMR Spectroscopy of N‐Metalated Nucleic Acids: Insights into 15N NMR Parameters and N‐Metal Bonds
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiyuki , Ono Akira 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Aus Erfahrung lernen – Erfassung und Bewertung von Ereignissen
Authors: Balke C. , Schendler T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTrotz eines hohen sicherheitstechnischen Niveaus industrieller Anlagen in Deutschland kommt es immer wieder zu Schadensereignissen. Das Lernen aus diesen und die Verbreitung der Erkenntnisse sind wichtige präventive Elemente für die Gewährleistung der Sicherheit industrieller Anlagen. Auch die Kommission für Anlagensicherheit (KAS) leistet hierzu einen Beitrag und erfasst und wertet sicherheitstechnisch bedeutsame Ereignisse unterhalb der Meldeschwelle nach Störfallrecht aus.
A phosphatidylcholine‐BODIPY 581/591 conjugate allows mapping of oxidative stress in P. falciparum‐infected erythrocytes
Authors: Fu Ying , Klonis Nectarios , Suarna Cacang , Maghzal Ghassan J. , Stocker Roland , Tilley Leann 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe chromophore, BODIPY 581/591, has an extended conjugated system that reacts with oxygen centered‐radicals leading to changes in its spectral characteristics. Fatty acid‐conjugated BODIPY 581/591 transfers readily between membrane bilayers and can be used as a sensor of oxidative stress in cell populations. We report here the use of a phosphatidylcholine (PC) derivative of BODIPY 581/591, which transfers much less rapidly between membranes. This allows the analysis of oxidative stress in individual cells and in different compartments within cells. Quantitative imaging and flow cytometry were used to measure the ratio of fully conjugated to oxidized probe in model systems and in Plasmodium falciparum‐infected erythrocytes. We observed an increase in the oxidation of the parasite‐associated BODIPY 581/591‐PC as the intraerythrocytic parasite matures. By contrast, BODIPY 581/591‐PC associated with the erythrocyte membrane experiences a low level of oxidation even in the later stages of parasite development. Treatment with a pro‐oxidant compound caused increased oxidation of the probe in the parasite compartment, but less so in the host cell membrane. Conversely, treatment with ferricyanide increases oxidation of the probe in the erythrocyte cell membrane but does not inhibit parasite growth. Chromatographic analysis of the lipids in infected erythrocytes shows no evidence for loss of α‐tocopherol or the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides indicating that, despite the increased oxidative stress, the parasite membranes remain protected from substantial lipid oxidation. We have established BODIPY 581/591‐PC as a useful probe of the spatial distribution of oxidative stress in P. falciparum‐infected erythrocytes; however, the probe appears to be more sensitive to oxidative damage than endogenous lipids. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Induction of adaptive immunity by flagellin does not require robust activation of innate immunity
Authors: Sanders Catherine J. , Franchi Luigi , Yarovinsky Felix , Uematsu Satoshi , Akira Shizuo , Núñez Gabriel , Gewirtz Andrew T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe ability of TLR agonists to promote adaptive immune responses is attributed to their ability to robustly activate innate immunity. However, it has been observed that, for adjuvants in actual use in research and vaccination, TLR signaling is dispensable for generating humoral immunity. Here, we examined the role of TLR5 and MyD88 in promoting innate and humoral immunity to flagellin using a prime/boost immunization regimen. We observed that eliminating TLR5 greatly reduced flagellin‐induced cytokine production, except for IL‐18, and ablated DC maturation but did not significantly impact flagellin's ability to promote humoral immunity. Elimination of MyD88, which will ablate signaling through TLR and IL‐1β/IL‐18 generated by Nod‐like receptors, reduced, but did not eliminate flagellin's promotion of humoral immunity. In contrast, loss of the innate immune receptor for profilin‐like protein (PLP), TLR11, greatly reduced the ability of PLP to elicit humoral immunity. Together, these results indicate that, firstly, the degree of innate immune activation induced by TLR agonists may be in great excess of that needed to promote humoral immunity and, secondly, there is considerable redundancy in mechanisms that promote the humoral immune response upon innate immune recognition of flagellin. Thus, it should be possible to design innate immune activators that are highly effective vaccine adjuvants yet avoid the adverse events associated with systemic TLR activation.
Metalation and Oxidative Coupling of the Unique Cyclic Silylphosphanes (iPr2Si)3PH and (iPr2Si)4PH
Authors: Traut Stephan , von Hänisch Carsten , Kathagen Hans‐Joachim 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe cyclic tetrasilaphosphane (iPr2Si)4PH (6) can be synthesised in five steps starting from diisopropylchlorsilane and [Li(DME)PH2]. Subsequent lithiation and oxidative coupling with dibromethane yields the diphosphane [(iPr2Si)4P]2(7). In an analogous manner the bicyclic diphosphane [(iPr2Si)3P]2 (3) can be obtained from the cyclic trisilaphosphane (iPr2Si)3PH (1). Moreover, the reaction of 1 with [W(CO)5THF] yields the Lewis acid–base complex [(iPr2Si)3P(H)W(CO)5] (2), and the trimeric lithiumphoshpanide [(iPr2Si)4PLi]3 (8) occurs from the reaction of 6 with nBuLi in heptane. All intermediate and final products are characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the crystal structures determined by X‐ray diffraction are described for compounds 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Microwave‐assisted facile and convenient synthesis of fatty acid amide (erucamide): Chemical‐catalyzed rapid method
Authors: Awasthi Neeraj Praphulla , Singh Rajinder Pal 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe present investigation explores a process for the production of erucamide, utilizing microwave irradiation as the heating element for the reaction between erucic acid and gaseous ammonia liberated by urea in the presence of catalyst (di‐ammonium hydrogen ortho‐phosphate) at atmospheric pressure and high temperature. In this process, the time of reaction is very short (25 min) and the yield is also good (92%).
2‐Hydroxybenzocyclobutenone Ethylene Dithioacetals as Precursors of Highly Substituted 1,4‐Dihydronaphthalenes
Authors: Benda Konstantin , Regenhardt Wilko , Schaumann Ernst , Adiwidjaja Gunadi 
Published: January 2009

Abstract1,4‐Dihydronaphthalenes 2, 9, and 11 with a spiro‐connected 1,3‐dithiolane ring as well as tetrahydronaphthalenes 15, 17, and 19 have been obtained from o‐quinodimethanes 3 and alkynes 4, naphthoquinones 10, or alkenes 14 and 16. Benzocyclobutenol 6 is not an appropriate quinodimethane precursor as it readily rearranges to phthalaldehyde derivative 7. However, silyl ether 8, silyl ether 13, obtained by the hydrosilylation of cyclobutenol 5, or aluminium alkoxide 3d, generated in situ by DIBAL reduction of 5, are useful sources of the corresponding quinodimethanes. The use of 3b,c gives a reversal of regioselectivity compared with 3d in the cycloaddition with propriolate 4a (product 9a vs. 2a). Naphthoquinone 10 reacts in the cycloaddition with 3b,c through its C2=C3 bond or through a C=O unit to give 11 and 12. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Illness‐related impoverishment in rural South Africa: Why does social protection work for some households but not others?
Authors: Goudge Jane , Russell Steven , Gilson Lucy , Gumede Tebogo , Tollman Steve , Mills Anne 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIllness is a major risk to people's livelihoods in resource‐poor settings, particularly where there are rising levels of chronic illness. Measures that improve access to treatment are increasingly seen as a vital form of social protection for vulnerable households, and central to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. International attention is also focussed on cash transfers as a strand of social protection, and on the potential complementarities between free health care and cash transfers in assisting vulnerable people to cope with illness‐related shocks. South Africa provides an interesting setting to examine how households are accessing social protection measures because the government has removed some user fees, implemented hospital‐level exemptions and extended cash transfers including the non‐contributory pension and child support grant. This paper presents findings from household research in rural South Africa. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to assess the links between illness‐related costs and impoverishment over time, the protection effects of free health services, cash transfers and social networks, and the factors influencing access to these three forms of social protection. Different degrees of success in drawing on these resources affected capacity to cope with illnesses and made a considerable difference to whether households sustained their livelihoods, struggled or declined. Cash transfers combined well with free health care to build resilience among some households. However, households without access to at least two strands of the social protection net were impoverished by the direct and indirect costs of long‐term illnesses. The implications for policies on improving the uptake and coverage of social protection measures are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of Degradable PTMC‐b‐PECA‐b‐PTMC Triblock Copolymers and their Micelle Formation for pH‐Dependent Controlled Release
Authors: Kaihara Sachiko , Fisher John P. , Matsumura Shuichi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA series of degradable triblock copolymers, poly(trimethylene carbonate)‐block‐poly[poly(ethylene glycol)‐co‐cyclic acetal]‐block‐poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC‐b‐PECA‐b‐PTMC), were chemo‐enzymatically synthesized. Cyclic acetal was introduced into a poly(ethylene glycol) segment as a degradable segment to impart a pH‐dependent degradation nature and to prevent the production of acidic degradation products. Amphiphilic polymeric micelles were successfully prepared, and the properties of the micelles were significantly affected by their chemical compositions and the molecular weights. A drug release study showed that the release rate increased as the pH of the buffer decreased due to the degradation of the cyclic acetal segments, indicating its high utility for pH‐sensitive controlled release.magnified image
A transaction cost perspective on why, how, and when cash impacts firm performance
Authors: O'Brien Jonathan P. , Folta Timothy B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWhile both financial and behavioral theories suggest that cash holdings may be beneficial to R&D‐intensive firms, agency theory would suggest that strong monitoring may be needed to ensure that cash holdings are not squandered. We contend that transaction cost economics provides a valuable lens for understanding the performance implications of cash holdings because not only does it explicate the benefits and costs of cash holdings in a single unified theoretical framework, but it further clarifies how environmental uncertainty critically moderates these relationships. Empirical tests on a large sample of US corporations yield strong support for our theory. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lower bounds for strictly fundamental cycle bases in grid graphs
Authors: Köhler Ekkehard , Liebchen Christian , Wünsch Gregor , Rizzi Romeo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractConsider the following problem: compute a spanning tree such that the sum of the lengths of its induced fundamental circuits is as small as possible. We motivate why planar square grid graphs are very relevant instances for this problem. In particular, other contributions already showed that the identification of strong lower bounds is highly challenging. Asymptotically, for a graph on n vertices, Alon et al. [SIAM J Comput 24(1995), 78–100] obtained a lower bound of Ω(n log n). We raise the n log n coefficient by a factor of 325. Concerning optimality proofs, the largest grid for which provably optimum solutions were known is 6 × 6, and it was obtained by massive MIP computing power. Here, we present a combinatorial optimality proof even for the 8 × 8 grid. These two results are complemented by new combinatorial lower bounds for the dimensions in which earlier empirical computations were performed, i.e., for up to 10,000 vertices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
Effect of substituents in phenol and aniline nucleophiles on activation parameters in SNAr reactions
Authors: Vlasov Vladislav M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChanges of activation parameters, ΔH≠ and ΔS≠, with σ constants of substituents in the phenol and aniline nucleophiles for their SNAr reactions in various solvents give the δΔH≠ and δΔS≠ reaction constants which are linearly related. The dependence obtained, δΔH≠ versus δΔS≠, allow estimation of the contribution of changes of the internal enthalpy, δΔH≠int, to the enthalpy reaction constant, δΔH≠, which give a linear dependence on the Hammett reaction constants, ρ. The results obtained show that the substituent effects on the charge development in the transition state (TS) are governed by the magnitude of δΔH≠int. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinguishing Wegener's granulomatosis from necrotizing community acquired pneumonia: A case report and comparison of radiographic findings
Authors: Spalding Steven J , Cambria Marnie , Arkachaisri Thaschawee 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis, affecting medium to small vessels in the respiratory and renal vasculature. Patients with WG may present with clinical and radiographic features similar to community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP), which may delay life‐saving immunosuppressive therapy. We report a 14‐year‐old female originally diagnosed with recalcitrant, necrotizing CAP complicated by massive pulmonary cavitations eventually proven to be WG. We also compare the radiographic features of WG and necrotizing CAP. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:195–197. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional localization of excitons in the InAs/GaAs wetting layer – magnetospectroscopic study
Authors: Babinski A. , Golnik A. , Borysiuk J. , Kret S. , Kossacki P. , Gaj J. A. , Raymond S. , Potemski M. , Wasilewski Z. R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMagnetospectroscopic studies of individual excitonic states confined in potential fluctuations in the InAs/GaAs wetting layer (WL) are presented. A neutral exciton and a trion emission have been identified. They split in magnetic field in two components of orthogonal circular polarizations. The respective Zeeman splitting changes linearly with magnetic field up to 10 T. A significant scatter of the effective excitonic g *‐factor is observed, reflecting the distribution of sizes and compositions of potential fluctuations in the WL. The distribution affects also diamagnetic shift of the excitonic emission. The observed properties of the excitons are consistent with a picture of shallow quantum dots formed in the WL due to In composition fluctuations. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)