bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV infection
Authors: Kreuter Alexander , Brockmeyer Norbert H. , Altmeyer Peter , Wieland Ulrike ,   for the German Competence Network HIV/AIDS
Published: April 2008

SummaryHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infections belong to the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. While the immune system eliminates most HPV infections over time in immunocompetent individuals, HPV infections tend to persist in immunodeficient individuals. In HIV‐infected men who have sex with men (MSM), anal HPV prevalence is more than 90% and infections with multiple HPV types are common. Consequently, HPV‐associated anogenital malignancies occur with high frequency in patients with HIV infection. Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a potential precursor lesion of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. Like its cervical counterpart, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), AIN is causally linked to persistent infections with high‐risk HPV types such as HPV16 or HPV18. As AIN and CIN share distinct biological similar‐ities, AIN screenings analogous to Pap smear programs for CIN have been recommended in high‐risk populations to reduce the incidence of anal carcinoma. These screenings include cytological analysis followed by high resolution anoscopy in case of anal dysplasia.Treatment guidelines for AIN are not yet available. Therapeutic strategies can be divided into topical (e.g. trichloroacetic acid, podophyllotoxin, imiquimod, photodynamic therapy) and ablative (e. g. surgical excision, laser ablation, infrared coagulation, electrocautery) measures. However, controlled studies on AIN treatment have not been performed. The impact of HPV vaccination on AIN development will also need to be assessed. Long‐term follow‐up of these patients is essential to gain more insight into the natural history of anogenital HPV infection in HIV‐positive MSM.
Does occupational success influence longevity among England test cricketers?
Authors: Boyle P J 
Published: April 2008

Objective:To determine whether the longevity of England test cricketers is influenced by occupational success, controlling for the influence of social background.Design:Archival survey.Setting:England.Subjects:Those 418 cricketers who played for England in a test match from the first test in 1876 to 1963 when the distinction between amateur and professional status was removed.Main outcome measures:Length of life.Results:Survival analysis of players born between 1827 and 1941 (349 dead, 69 alive) showed a significant relation between mortality and year of birth (p<0.001), amateur/professional status (p = 0.042) and the number of test matches played (p = 0.042). Captaining England was not related to survival.Conclusion:The link between longevity and both social background and occupational success is supported among test match cricketers. Amateur (or “gentlemen”) cricketers from more privileged social backgrounds survived longer than professionals (or “players”). The most successful cricketers who played in a larger number of tests lived longer than those who played in a smaller number of tests. Captaining England, which could be regarded as a form of occupational “control”, was not associated with longevity.
Conditions that allow for effective transfer of membrane proteins onto nitrocellulose membrane in Western blots
Authors: Abeyrathne Priyanka D. , Lam Joseph S. 
Published: April 2008

A major hurdle in characterizing bacterial membrane proteins by Western blotting is the ineffectiveness of transferring these proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) gel onto nitrocellulose membrane, using standard Western blot buffers and electrophoretic conditions. In this study, we compared a number of modified Western blotting buffers and arrived at a composition designated as the SDS–PAGE-Urea Lysis buffer. The use of this buffer and specific conditions allowed the reproducible transfer of highly hydrophobic bacterial membrane proteins with 2–12 transmembrane-spanning segments as well as soluble proteins onto nitrocellulose membranes. This method should be broadly applicable for immunochemical studies of other membrane proteins.
Cycloheximide resistance in the Lipomycetaceae revisited
Authors: Müller W.J. , Albertyn J. , Smit M.S. 
Published: April 2008

Cycloheximide (CYH) is a heterocyclic, glutarimide antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of protein biosynthesis in most eukaryotes. This study demonstrated that yeasts from all species of the Lipomycetaceae, with the exception of Dipodascopsis spp., can grow in the presence of up to 5 g·L–1 CYH — a concentration that is five times higher than the accepted “highest” concentration of 1 g·L–1 used in physiological tests for yeast identification. Lipomycetaceous yeasts are known to utilize heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds such as thymine as sole nitrogen source. CYH contains a glutarimide ring, which is chemically similar to thymine. We investigated the possibility that CYH resistance in the Lipomycetaceae might be due to an ability to degrade CYH and use it as the sole nitrogen source. However, we were unable to demonstrate significant growth on CYH as sole nitrogen source. When thymine was used as positive control, we could demonstrate its utilization as sole nitrogen source.
Extracellular enzymatic activities of basidiomycetous yeasts isolated from glacial and subglacial waters of northwest Patagonia (Argentina)
Authors: Brizzio Silvia , Turchetti Benedetta , de García Virginia , Libkind Diego , Buzzini Pietro , van Broock María 
Published: April 2008

As part of a project aimed at the selection of cold-adapted yeasts expressing biotechnologically interesting features, the extracellular enzymatic activity (EEA) of basidiomycetous yeasts isolated from glacial and subglacial waters of northwest Patagonia (Argentina) was investigated. Ninety-one basidiomycetous yeasts (belonging to the genera Cryptococcus , Leucosporidiella , Dioszegia , Mrakia , Rhodotorula , Rhodosporidium , Sporobolomyces , Sporidiobolus , Cystofilobasidium , and Udeniomyces ) were screened for extracellular amylolytic, proteolytic, lipolytic, esterasic, pectinolytic, chitinolytic, and cellulolytic activities. Over 15% of the strains exhibited three or more different EEAs at 4 °C and more than 63% had at least two EEAs at the same temperature. No chitinolytic or cellulolytic activities were detected at 4 and 20 °C. Cell-free supernatants exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.01) protease and lipase activities at ≤10 °C, or even at 4 °C. In light of these findings, cold environments of Patagonia (Argentina) may be considered a potential source of cold-adapted yeasts producing industrially relevant cold-active enzymes.
Pathway of phytate dephosphorylation by β-propeller phytases of different origins
Authors: Greiner Ralf , Lim Boon L. , Cheng Chiwai , Carlsson Nils-Gunnar 
Published: April 2008

Using a combination of high-performance ion chromatography analysis and kinetic studies, the pathway of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate dephosphorylation by the β-propeller phytase of Shewanella oneidensis was established, which was then compared with that of Bacillus subtilis 168, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ATCC 15841, and B. amyloliquefaciens 45 β-propeller phytases. The data demonstrate that all of these β-propeller phytases dephosphorylate myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in a stereospecific way by sequential removal of phosphate groups via d-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5, Ins(2,4,5,6)P4 to finally Ins(2,4,6)P3. Thus, the β-propeller phytases prefer the hydrolysis of every second phosphate over that of adjacent ones. This finding does not support previous phytate degradation models proposed by J. Kerovuo, J. Rouvinen, and F. Hatzack (2000. Biochem. J. 352: 623–628) and R. Greiner, A. Farouk, M. Larsson Alminger, and N.G. Carlsson (2002. Can. J. Microbiol. 48: 986–994) , but seems to fit with the structural model given by S. Shin, N.C. Ha, B.C. Oh, T.K. Oh, and B.H. Oh (2001. Structure, 9: 851–858) .
Effect of sunlight on the infectivity ofCryptosporidium parvumin seawater
Authors: Nasser Abid M. , Telser Lital , Nitzan Yeshayahu 
Published: April 2008

The prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms in seawater can result in waterborne and food borne outbreaks. This study was performed to determine the effect of sunlight and salinity on the die-off of Cryptosporidium parvum . Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, Escherichia coli , and MS2 coliphage were seeded into tap water and seawater samples and then exposed to sunlight. The die-off of C. parvum in seawater, as measured by infectivity, was greater under sunlight (–3.08 log10) than under dark conditions (–1.31 log10). While, no significant difference was recorded in the die-off of C. parvum, under dark conditions, in tap water as compared to seawater (P < 0.05), indicating that the synergistic effect of salinity and sunlight was responsible for the enhanced die-off in seawater. The die-off of MS2 coliphage and E. coli was greater than that observed for C. parvum under all tested conditions. This indicates that these microorganisms cannot serve as indicators for the presence of C. parvum oocysts in seawaters. The results of the study suggest that C. parvum can persist as infectious oocysts for a long time in seawater and can thus pose a serious hazard by direct and indirect contact with humans.
In vivo characterization of thermal stabilities of Aeropyrum pernix cellular components by differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Milek Igor , Črnigoj Miha , Ulrih Nataša Poklar , Kaletunç Gönül 
Published: April 2008

Revival studies of Aeropyrum pernix show that the viability of cells and cell recovery after heat treatment depends on the temperature of treatment. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to analyze the relative thermal stabilities of cellular components of A. pernix and to identify the cellular components responsible for the observed lag phase and reduced maximum growth following a heat treatment. DSC thermograms show 5 visible endothermic transitions with 2 major transitions. DSC analysis of isolated crude ribosomes aids the assignment of the 2 major peaks observed in whole-cell thermograms to denaturation of ribosomal structures. A comparison of partial and immediate full rescan thermograms of A. pernix whole cells indicates that both major peaks represent irreversible thermal transitions. A DNA peak is also identified in the whole-cell thermogram by comparison with the optical data of isolated pure DNA. DNA melting is shown to be irreversible in dilute solution, whereas it is partially reversible in whole cells, owing at least in part, to restricted volume effects. In contrast to mesophilic organisms, hyperthermophilic A. pernix ribosomes are more thermally stable than DNA, but in both organisms, irreversible changes leading to cell death occur owing to ribosomal denaturation.
Osmolarity affects Bvg-mediated virulence regulation by Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Stenson Trevor H. , Peppler Mark S. 
Published: April 2008

Bordetella pertussis dramatically alters its phenotype by sensing its environment via the BvgAS regulatory system. Increased concentrations of specific chemicals are used in vitro to induce modulation of the bacterium from the Bvg+virulent phenotype to a fully Bvg–phenotype. Varied expression of sets of Bvg-regulated molecules depends on the modulating capacity of the environment. We examined the effect of a number of chemicals on the modulating capacity of B. pertussis growth media, both alone and in combination with known modulators. It was demonstrated that under certain conditions the Bvg-intermediate protein, BipA, is coexpressed with the Bvg–antigen, VraA. This demonstrates that the patterns of molecules expressed in the different phenotypes of B. pertussis are more fluid than has previously been demonstrated. The in vitro modulator, sulfate, was found to be a relatively inefficient modulator of our Tohama I-derived B. pertussis strain. However, addition of nicotinic acid, MgCl2, or sucrose in combination with relatively low sulfate concentrations resulted in effective modulation. This suggests that multiple signals may affect modulation through the BvgAS system or possibly through other regulatory networks. In addition, the cooperative modulating effect of sucrose implicates osmolarity as an environmental stimulus that affects phenotypic modulation.
Induction and preliminary characterization of a novel halophage SNJ1 from lysogenic Natrinema sp. F5
Authors: Mei Yunjun , Chen Jin , Sun Dongchang , Chen Dong , Yang Yang , Shen Ping , Chen Xiangdong 
Published: April 2008

Halophage SNJ1 was induced with mitomycin C from Natrinema sp. strain F5. The phage produces plaques on Natrinema sp. strain J7 only. The phage has a head of about 67 nm in diameter and a tail of 570 nm in length and belongs morphologically to the family Siphoviridae. The phage is strongly salt dependent; NaCl concentration affects the integrity of SNJ1, phage adsorption, and plaque formation. The optimal NaCl concentration for phage adsorption and plaque formation is 30% and 25%, respectively.
The antioxidants dimethylsulfoxide and dimethylthiourea affect the immediate adhesion responses of larval haemocytes from 3 lepidopteran insect species
Authors: Dunphy Gary B. , Chen Genhui , Webster John M. 
Published: April 2008

Antioxidants, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylthiourea (DMTU), at concentrations not affecting the viability of blood cells (haemocytes) from the larval stage of 3 lepidopteran insects — Galleria mellonella , Lymantria dispar , and Malacosoma disstria — differed in their influence on the innate binding of haemocytes to glass, bacteria to haemocytes, and on humoral responses to alien materials. In vitro DMSO had little effect, whereas DMTU substantially impaired the adhesion of the haemocyte types, the plasmatocytes and granular cells, to slides as well as the attachment of Bacillus subtilis to these haemocytes. Although both antioxidants increased lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities, there was no correlation of enzyme activity and haemocyte adhesion responses, possibly reflecting sequestered radicals. Nitric oxide and hydroxyl radicals offset the DMTU effect. In the absence of antioxidants, inactivate protein kinases A (PKA) and C (PKC) enhanced haemocyte aggregation. In general, DMSO, as opposed to DMTU, did not alter the effects of PKA and PKC activators and inhibitors on haemocyte aggregation or of PKC and PKA activities. High concentrations of DMSO and all levels of DMTU, although inhibiting PKA and PKC, inhibited haemocyte adhesion to slides. Comparable results occurred for DMTU-treated haemocytes incubated with B. subtilis. In vivo DMSO, unlike DMTU, did not impair plasmatocyte or granular cell responses to foreign materials, including bacterial removal from the haemolymph and nodulation.
Induction of oxalate decarboxylase by oxalate in a newly isolated Pandoraea sp. OXJ-11 and its ability to protect against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection
Authors: Jin Zhao-Xia , Wang Changhai , Chen Wenfu , Chen Xiaoyi , Li Xianzhen 
Published: April 2008

Pandoraea sp. OXJ-11 has been shown to produce an oxalate decarboxylase. The enzyme could be induced by increasing the oxalate in the medium. An increasing concentration of yeast extract was able to stimulate the cell growth but could not increase the specific oxalate decarboxylase activity. The oxalate decarboxylase was produced maximally at 25–35 °C and pH 4.0–9.0, favoring its potential application in protection of host plants from oxalate-producing phytopathogens. The influence of glucose on the induction of oxalate decarboxylase by oxalate was examined, and it was found that glucose inhibited the production of the oxalate decarboxylase. Resistance results showed that Pandoraea sp. OXJ-11 was capable of suppressing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection on detached leaflets of Brassica napus plants.
Serological profiling with Chlamycheck, a commercial multiplex recombinant antigen Western blot assay of chlamydial infections
Authors: Radouani Fouzia , Maile Julia , Betsou Fotini 
Published: April 2008

A new chlamydial test system, the Chlamycheck assay, which uses 4 purified recombinant antigens of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae and one antigen of Chlamydophila psittaci , has been developed and commercialized. We investigated the reactivities of the recombinant antigens with sera from a group of 30 patients with acute Chlamydia trachomatis infection, 88 patients consulting for sexually transmitted infections, and 46 patients with serological evidence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection. The results obtained from human and infected mouse sera suggest that Chlamycheck serology against multiple proteins may provide additional useful information that is not available by conventional whole elementary body microimmunofluorescence or single-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serology. Specific serological profiles were associated with acute versus past Chlamydia trachomatis infection or with Chlamydia trachomatis primo-infection versus infection in a Chlamydophila pneumoniae history context.
1,3-Digermabicyclo[1.1.0]butane with an Inverted Bridge Ge–Ge σ Bond
Authors: Iwamoto Takeaki , Yin Dongzhu , Boomgaarden Sven , Kabuto Chizuko , Kira Mitsuo 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
1,3-Digermabicyclo[1.1.0]butane 2 was synthesized as yellow crystals. The molecular structure, 13C NMR and UV–vis spectra, and theoretical calculations have revealed that 2 is a typical long bond isomer, similarly to the silicon congener 1. Structural comparison between 1 and 2 is achieved.
Fabrication of Layered Polydiacetylene Supramolecules on Electrospun Fibers
Authors: Chae Sang Kyun , Kim Seong Hun , Kim Jong-Man 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A simple and straightforward strategy for the fabrication of layered conjugated polydiacetylene supramolecules on electrospun polymer fibers, based on the layer-by-layer deposition technique, was developed.
Parent Polythiophene Nanofibers
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Surwade Sumedh P , Dua Vineet , Bouldin Ryan , Manohar Neha , Manohar Sanjeev K 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Bulk quantities of parent polythiophene nanofibers can be synthesized rapidly and in one step by chemical oxidative polymerization of thiophene by FeCl3 using freeze-dried vanadium pentoxide nanofibers as seeds.
Tetrabenzylpyrophosphate: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Carboxamides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines
Authors: Reddy Y Thirupathi , Reddy P Narsimha , Reddy P Raghotham , Crooks Peter A 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of simple and sterically hindered carboxamides from various carboxylic acids and amines using tetrabenzylpyrophosphate (TBPP) as a coupling agent in the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) is described. The reaction is operationally straightforward, proceeds under mild conditions at room temperature, and affords the desired product in high yield.
A Novel Method to Synthesize Monodispersed Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Dang Feng , Enomoto Naoya , Hojo Junichi , Enpuku Keiji 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Monodispersed ca. 30 nm magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized in a 20/80 ethanol–water solution under ultrasonic irradiation. Both the ethanol–water solution and ultrasonic irradiation were important for the synthesis of the monodispersed magnetite nanoparticles. The ethanol–water solvent improved the monodispersibility of the magnetite particles, on the other hand, limited the formation of magnetite under mechanical stirring. The 100% cubic magnetite particles were successfully synthesized in ethanol–water solution under ultrasonic irradiation.
Self-aggregation of Synthetic Zinc Chlorophyll Derivatives Possessing Fluoroalkyl Chains in Liquid Carbon Dioxide as Models of Green Photosynthetic Bacterial Antennae
Authors: Shibata Reiko , Koike Kazuhide , Hori Hisao , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Zinc chlorophyll derivatives possessing (multi)-perfluoroalkyl chain(s) in the 17-propionate residue were dissolved in liquid carbon dioxide to form their oligomers (=J-aggregates), while the alkyl-type analog was insoluble in the medium. These results indicated solubilization and stabilization of their supramolecules by an interaction between the perfluoroalkyl substituents and liquid carbon dioxide.
Separation of Cyclopropane Derivatives with Multichiral Centers by Gas Chromatography on Modified β-Cyclodextrin Stationary Phase
Authors: Shen Gangyi , Yang Xinling , Cui Jian , Zhou Meiyang , Ling Yun 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A new pyridine heterocyclic β-cyclodextrin derivative, heptakis[2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-(2-chloro-5-pyridyl)methyl]-β-CD, was synthesized and explored as chiral stationary phase in capillary gas chromatographic separation. Cyclopropane derivatives with two chiral centers including four configurational isomers or three chiral centers including eight configurational isomers were well separated, which indicated the new pyridyl β-CD derivative possessing excellent chiral selectivity for separation of complex compounds including multichiral centers.
Rapid ELISA in Droplet on PDMS Dimple with Nanoliter Reagents Dispensed by Ink-jet Microchip
Authors: Kudo Yuki , Nishiwaki Moeka , Inoue Yoriko , Seino Nobuko , Nakagama Tatsuro , Uchiyama Katsumi 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
IgA ELISA was performed in a droplet using an ink-jet microchip for shortening the reaction time, saving the reaction reagents. Forty-five dimples (500-μm i.d., 100-μm depth) were prepared on a PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) microchip plate (30×30 mm) for the reaction vessels. After the dimple was pored with nanoliter water containing glycerin, an antibody solution was firstly added for immobilization on the dimple, and then nanoliter reaction regents for ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were added sequentially using an ink-jet chip. A good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity of Ample®Red and concentration of IgA was obtained with each reaction time of 150 s.
Ionic Liquid Crystals: Self-assembly of Imidazolium Salts Containing an l-Glutamic Acid Moiety
Authors: Yazaki Sanami , Kamikawa Yuko , Yoshio Masafumi , Hamasaki Atsushi , Mukai Tomohiro , Ohno Hiroyuki , Kato Takashi 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Liquid-crystalline (LC) behavior and ionic conductivities of imidazolium salts containing an l-glutamic acid moiety have been studied. The ionic conductivities of the (CF3SO2)2N− salt forming the columnar LC phase are higher than those of the Br− salt in the columnar LC state. The ionic conductivity shows a sudden decrease at the columnar–micellar cubic LC transition of the Br− salt.
Electrophilic Substitution of Platinum(II) Complexes with Thiophene Derivatives
Authors: Mori Atsunori , Sugie Atsushi , Furukawa Hirotoshi , Suzaki Yuji , Osakada Kohtaro , Akita Munetaka 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The reaction of aryl(halo)platinum(II)(bpy) complexes with thiophene derivatives causes novel electrophilic substitution in the presence of AgNO3/KF as an activator to form thienyl complexes in 65–91% yields. The related reaction with (dihalo)platinum(II) also takes place to afford dithienylplatinum(II) complexes.