bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACTION: a randomized phase 3 study of ONC201 (dordaviprone) in patients with newly diagnosed H3 K27M-mutant diffuse glioma
Authors: Arrillaga-Romany Isabel , Lassman Andrew , McGovern Susan L , Mueller Sabine , Nabors Burt , van den Bent Martin , Vogelbaum Michael A , Allen Joshua E , Melemed Allen S , Tarapore Rohinton S , Wen Patrick Y , Cloughesy Timothy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
H3 K27M-mutant diffuse glioma primarily affects children and young adults, is associated with a poor prognosis, and no effective systemic therapy is currently available. ONC201 (dordaviprone) has previously demonstrated efficacy in patients with recurrent disease. This phase 3 trial evaluates ONC201 in patients with newly diagnosed H3 K27M-mutant glioma.

Methods
ACTION (NCT05580562) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, international phase 3 study of ONC201 in newly diagnosed H3 K27M-mutant diffuse glioma. Patients who have completed standard frontline radiotherapy are randomized 1:1:1 to receive placebo, once-weekly dordaviprone, or twice-weekly dordaviprone on 2 consecutive days. Primary efficacy endpoints are overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); PFS is assessed by response assessment in neuro-oncology high-grade glioma criteria (RANO-HGG) by blind independent central review. Secondary objectives include safety, additional efficacy endpoints, clinical benefit, and quality of life. Eligible patients have histologically confirmed H3 K27M-mutant diffuse glioma, a Karnofsky/Lansky performance status ≥70, and completed first-line radiotherapy. Eligibility is not restricted by age; however, patients must be ≥10 kg at time of randomization. Patients with a primary spinal tumor, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, leptomeningeal disease, or cerebrospinal fluid dissemination are not eligible. ACTION is currently enrolling in multiple international sites.
Control of defensive behavior by the nucleus of Darkschewitsch GABAergic neurons
Authors: Zhao Huiying , Liu Jinrong , Shao Yujin , Feng Xiang , Zhao Binhan , Sun Li , Liu Yijun , Zeng Linghui , Li Xiao-ming , Yang Hongbin , Duan Shumin , Yu Yan-qin 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The nucleus of Darkschewitsch (ND), mainly composed of GABAergic neurons, is widely recognized as a component of the eye-movement controlling system. However, the functional contribution of ND GABAergic neurons (NDGABA) in animal behavior is largely unknown. Here, we show that NDGABA neurons were selectively activated by different types of fear stimuli, such as predator odor and foot shock. Optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations revealed that NDGABA neurons mediate freezing behavior. Moreover, using circuit-based optogenetic and neuroanatomical tracing methods, we identified an excitatory pathway from the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG) to the ND that induces freezing by exciting ND inhibitory outputs to the motor-related gigantocellular reticular nucleus, ventral part (GiV). Together, these findings indicate the NDGABA population as a novel hub for controlling defensive response by relaying fearful information from the lPAG to GiV, a mechanism critical for understanding how the freezing behavior is encoded in the mammalian brain.
Energy spectrum theory of incommensurate systems
Authors: He Zhe , Guo Xin-Yu , Ma Zhen , Gao Jin-Hua 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Because of the lack of translational symmetry, calculating the energy spectrum of an incommensurate system has always been a theoretical challenge. Here, we propose a natural approach to generalize energy band theory to incommensurate systems without reliance on the commensurate approximation, thus providing a comprehensive energy spectrum theory of incommensurate systems. Except for a truncation-dependent weighting factor, the formulae of this theory are formally almost identical to that of Bloch electrons, making it particularly suitable for complex incommensurate structures. To illustrate the application of this theory, we give three typical examples: one-dimensional bichromatic and trichromatic incommensurate potential models, as well as a moiré quasicrystal. Our theory establishes a fundamental framework for understanding incommensurate systems.
Characteristics of Patients With Initial Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI) That Are Associated With Increased Risk of Multiple CDI Recurrences
Authors: Guh Alice Y , Li Rongxia , Korhonen Lauren , Winston Lisa G , Parker Erin , Czaja Christopher A , Johnston Helen , Basiliere Elizabeth , Meek James , Olson Danyel , Fridkin Scott K , Wilson Lucy E , Perlmutter Rebecca , Holzbauer Stacy M , D’Heilly Paige , Phipps Erin C , Flores Kristina G , Dumyati Ghinwa K , Pierce Rebecca , Ocampo Valerie L S , Wilson Christopher D , Watkins Jasmine J , Gerding Dale N , McDonald L Clifford 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Because interventions are available to prevent further recurrence in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), we identified predictors of multiple rCDI (mrCDI) in adults at the time of presentation with initial CDI (iCDI).

Methods
iCDI was defined as a positive C difficile test in any clinical setting during January 2018–August 2019 in a person aged ≥18 years with no known prior positive test. rCDI was defined as a positive test ≥14 days from the previous positive test within 180 days after iCDI; mrCDI was defined as ≥2 rCDI. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
Of 18 829 patients with iCDI, 882 (4.7%) had mrCDI; 437 with mrCDI and 7484 without mrCDI had full chart reviews. A higher proportion of patients with mrCDI than without mrCDI were aged ≥65 years (57.2% vs 40.7%; P &lt; .0001) and had healthcare (59.1% vs 46.9%; P &lt; .0001) and antibiotic (77.3% vs 67.3%; P &lt; .0001) exposures in the 12 weeks preceding iCDI. In multivariable analysis, age ≥65 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55–2.35), chronic hemodialysis (aOR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.48–3.51), hospitalization (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.33–2.01), and nitrofurantoin use (aOR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.18–3.23) in the 12 weeks preceding iCDI were associated with mrCDI.

Conclusions
Patients with iCDI who are older, on hemodialysis, or had recent hospitalization or nitrofurantoin use had increased risk of mrCDI and may benefit from early use of adjunctive therapy to prevent mrCDI. If confirmed, these findings could aid in clinical decision making and interventional study designs.
ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1 promotes de novo root organogenesis after wounding in Arabidopsis leaf explants
Authors: Lee Kyounghee , Yoon Hobin , Park Ok-Sun , Seo Pil Joon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Plants have an astonishing ability to regenerate new organs after wounding. Here, we report that the wound-inducible transcription factor ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1 (ESR1) has a dual mode of action in activating ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE ALPHA SUBUNIT1 (ASA1) expression to ensure auxin-dependent de novo root organogenesis locally at wound sites of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf explants. In the first mode, ESR1 interacts with HISTONE DEACETYLASE6 (HDA6), and the ESR1–HDA6 complex directly binds to the JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN5 (JAZ5) locus, inhibiting JAZ5 expression through histone H3 deacetylation. As JAZ5 interferes with the action of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR109 (ERF109), the transcriptional repression of JAZ5 at the wound site allows ERF109 to activate ASA1 expression. In the second mode, the ESR1 transcriptional activator directly binds to the ASA1 promoter to enhance its expression. Overall, our findings indicate that the dual biochemical function of ESR1, which specifically occurs near wound sites of leaf explants, maximizes local auxin biosynthesis and de novo root organogenesis in Arabidopsis.
What is the problem represented to be in the Swedish police authority: A policy analysis
Authors: Danell Jenny-Ann Brodin , Jarl Josefina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, Sweden has witnessed a rise in criminal activity, notably in organized crime, gang violence, and incidents like shootings and explosions. This trend has sparked considerable political and media debates, in Sweden and internationally. This paper analyses how the Swedish police authority comprehend the situation discursively. How do they define their role and mission in society? What problems do they identify? What goals and strategies do they propose, and what values are attached to these? This is illustrated by policy documents and website materials from the police authority. The results show three main problematizations: crime and crime fighting, working within the police organization, and relations between the police and citizens. Key findings are that the police authority represents crimes and the role of the police in different ways depending on what type of crime discussed, and that they connect various aspects of police work to non-repressive values, such as trust and safety.
Virome release of an invasive exotic plant species in southern France
Authors: Moubset Oumaima , Filloux Denis , Fontes Hugo , Julian Charlotte , Fernandez Emmanuel , Galzi Serge , Blondin Laurence , Chehida Sélim Ben , Lett Jean-Michel , Mesléard François , Kraberger Simona , Custer Joy M , Salywon Andrew , Makings Elizabeth , Marais Armelle , Chiroleu Frédéric , Lefeuvre Pierre , Martin Darren P , Candresse Thierry , Varsani Arvind , Ravigné Virginie , Roumagnac Philippe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The increase in human-mediated introduction of plant species to new regions has resulted in a rise of invasive exotic plant species (IEPS) that has had significant effects on biodiversity and ecosystem processes. One commonly accepted mechanism of invasions is that proposed by the enemy release hypothesis (ERH), which states that IEPS free from their native herbivores and natural enemies in new environments can outcompete indigenous species and become invasive. We here propose the virome release hypothesis (VRH) as a virus-centered variant of the conventional ERH that is only focused on enemies. The VRH predicts that vertically transmitted plant-associated viruses (PAV, encompassing phytoviruses and mycoviruses) should be co-introduced during the dissemination of the IEPS, while horizontally transmitted PAV of IEPS should be left behind or should not be locally transmitted in the introduced area due to a maladaptation of local vectors. To document the VRH, virome richness and composition as well as PAV prevalence, co-infection, host range, and transmission modes were compared between indigenous plant species and an invasive grass, cane bluestem (Bothriochloa barbinodis), in both its introduced range (southern France) and one area of its native range (Sonoran Desert, Arizona, USA). Contrary to the VRH, we show that invasive populations of B. barbinodis in France were not associated with a lower PAV prevalence or richness than native populations of B. barbinodis from the USA. However, comparison of virome compositions and network analyses further revealed more diverse and complex plant–virus interactions in the French ecosystem, with a significant richness of mycoviruses. Setting mycoviruses apart, only one putatively vertically transmitted phytovirus (belonging to the Amalgaviridae family) and one putatively horizontally transmitted phytovirus (belonging to the Geminiviridae family) were identified from B. barbinodis plants in the introduced area. Collectively, these characteristics of the B. barbinodis-associated PAV community in southern France suggest that a virome release phase may have immediately followed the introduction of B. barbinodis to France in the 1960s or 1970s, and that, since then, the invasive populations of this IEPS have already transitioned out of this virome release phase, and have started interacting with several local mycoviruses and a few local plant viruses.
A Quantitative Examination of Illness Models Among People With Opioid Use Disorder Receiving Methadone Treatment
Authors: Gaeta Gazzola Marina , Carmichael Iain D. , Thompson Emma , Beitel Mark , Madden Lynn M. , Saeed Gul , Hoffman Kim , Hammouri Muhammad , Hsaio Connie , Barry Declan T. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Few studies have examined illness models among people with addiction. We investigated illness models and their associations with demographics and treatment beliefs among patients receiving methadone treatment for opioid use disorder.

Methods
From January 2019 to February 2020, patients receiving methadone treatment at outpatient opioid treatment programs provided demographics and rated using 1 to 7 Likert-type scales agreement with addiction illness models (brain disease model, chronic medical condition model [CMCM], and no explanation [NEM]) and treatment beliefs. Pairwise comparisons and multivariate regressions were used to examine associations between illness models, demographics, and treatment beliefs. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results
A total of 450 patients participated in the study. Forty percent self-identified as female, 13% as Hispanic, and 78% as White; mean age was 38.5 years. Brain disease model was the most frequently endorsed illness model (46.2%), followed by CMCM (41.7%) and NEM (21.9%). In multivariate analyses, agreement with brain disease model was significantly positively associated with beliefs that methadone treatment would be effective, counseling is important, and methadone is lifesaving, whereas agreement with CMCM was significantly positively associated with beliefs that methadone treatment would be effective, counseling is important, 12-step is the best treatment, taking methadone daily is important, and methadone is lifesaving. In multivariate analyses, agreement with NEM was negatively significantly associated with beliefs that methadone would be effective, counseling is important, taking methadone daily is important, and methadone is lifesaving.

Discussion
Many patients in methadone treatment endorsed medicalized addiction models. Agreement with addiction illness models appear to be related to treatment beliefs.
Trends in Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Australia: An Analysis of Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule Database From 2001 to 2020
Authors: Campbell Ryan J. , An Vincent , Molnar Robert , St George Justine , Sivakumar Brahman S. , Symes Michael 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common and increasingly prevalent in the pediatric population. However, there remain sparse epidemiological data on the surgical treatment of these injuries. The objective of this study is to assess the trends in the rate of pediatric ACL reconstruction in Australia over the past 2 decades.

Methods:
The incidence of ACL reconstruction from 2001 to 2020 in patients 5 to 14 years of age was analyzed using the Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) database. Data were stratified by sex and year. An offset term was introduced using population data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics to account for population changes over the study period.

Results:
A total of 3719 reconstructions for the management of pediatric ACL injuries were performed in Australia under the MBS in the 20-year period from 2001 to 2020. There was a statistically significant annual increase in the total volume and per capita volume of pediatric ACL reconstructions performed across the study period (P<0.0001). There was a significant increase in the rate of both male and female reconstructions (P<0.0001), with a greater proportion of reconstructions performed on males (n=2073, 56%) than females (n=1646, 44%). In 2020, the rate of pediatric ACL reconstructions decreased to a level last seen in 2015, likely due to the effects of COVID-19.

Conclusions:
The incidence of ACL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients has increased in Australia over the 20-year study period. This increase is in keeping with evidence suggesting poor outcomes with nonoperative or delayed operative management.
Evaluation of ChatGPT in Predicting 6-Month Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Gakuba Clement , Le Barbey Charlene , Sar Alexandre , Bonnet Gregory , Cerasuolo Damiano , Giabicani Mikhael , Moyer Jean-Denis 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
To evaluate the capacity of ChatGPT, a widely accessible and uniquely popular artificial intelligence-based chatbot, in predicting the 6-month outcome following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design:
Single-center observational retrospective study.

Setting:
Data are from a neuro-ICU from a level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
All TBI patients admitted to ICU between September 2021 and October 2022 were included in a prospective database.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Based on anonymized clinical, imaging, and biological information available at the patients’ hospital admission and extracted from the database, clinical vignettes were retrospectively submitted to ChatGPT for prediction of patients’ outcomes. The predictions of two intensivists (one neurointensivist and one non-neurointensivist) both from another level 1 trauma center (Beaujon Hospital), were also collected as was the International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in Traumatic Brain Injury (IMPACT) scoring. Each intensivist, as well as ChatGPT, made their prognostic evaluations independently, without knowledge of the others’ predictions and of the patients’ actual management and outcome. Both the intensivists and ChatGPT were given access to the exact same set of information. The main outcome was a 6-month-functional status dichotomized into favorable (Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended [GOSE] ≥ 5) versus poor (GOSE < 5). Prediction of intracranial hypertension management, pulmonary infectious risk, and removal of life-sustaining therapies was also investigated as secondary outcomes. Eighty consecutive moderate-to-severe TBI patients were included. For the 6-month outcome prognosis, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) for ChatGPT, the neurointensivist, the non-neurointensivist, and IMPACT were, respectively, 0.62 (0.50–0.74), 0.70 (0.59–0.82), 0.71 (0.59–0.82), and 0.81 (0.72–0.91). ChatGPT had the highest sensitivity (100%), but the lowest specificity (26%). For secondary outcomes, ChatGPT’s prognoses were generally less accurate than clinicians’ prognoses, with lower AUC values for most outcomes.

Conclusions:
This study does not support the use of ChatGPT for prediction of outcomes after TBI.
Association of Continuity of Care With Health Care Utilization and Expenditures Among Patients Discharged Home After Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Hou Yucheng , Trogdon Justin G. , Freburger Janet K. , Bushnell Cheryl D. , Halladay Jacqueline R. , Duncan Pamela W. , Kucharska-Newton Anna M. 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
To examine the association of prestroke continuity of care (COC) with postdischarge health care utilization and expenditures.

Study Population:
The study population included 2233 patients with a diagnosis of stroke or a transient ischemic attack hospitalized in one of 41 hospitals in North Carolina between March 2016 and July 2019 and discharged directly home from acute care.

Methods:
COC was assessed from linked Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicare claims using the Modified, Modified Continuity Index. Logistic regressions and 2-part models were used to examine the association of prestroke primary care COC with postdischarge health care utilization and expenditures.

Results:
Relative to patients in the first (lowest) COC quartile, patients in the second and third COC quartiles were more likely [21% (95% CI: 8.5%, 33.5%) and 33% (95% CI: 20.5%, 46.1%), respectively] to have an ambulatory care visit within 14 days. Patients in the highest COC quartile were more likely to visit a primary care provider but less likely to see a stroke specialist. Highest as compared with lowest primary care COC quartile was associated with $45 lower (95% CI: $14, $76) average expenditure for ambulatory care visits within 30 days postdischarge. Patients in the highest, as compared with the lowest, primary care COC quartile were 36% less likely (95% CI: 8%, 64%) to be readmitted within 30 days postdischarge and spent $340 less (95% CI: $2, $678) on unplanned readmissions.

Conclusions:
These findings underscore the importance of primary care COC received before stroke hospitalization to postdischarge care and expenditures.
Caring for screenagers (part 2): a pediatrician's primer on popular games and educational tools
Authors: Margolis Alex , Barile Joseph , Cason Grace , Milanaik Ruth 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
The internet has changed the way children can work and play. With the preferences of the youth population constantly evolving, it is important that parents and pediatricians continue to be informed of the ways children spend their time on the internet. Online gaming continues to soar in popularity, as does school usage of educational platforms.

Recent findings
Roblox, Fortnite, and Minecraft are three examples of games that have widespread popularity among youth populations. Though none of the game are designed to display graphic violence, sexual content, or other features that could be considered off-limits for children, there still ways for children to exposed to inappropriate material or engage with strangers. The rise in popularity of eSports also reflects changing attitudes about the value of gaming. On the educational side, school-student platforms and powerful artificial intelligence (AI) tools are becoming more and more prevalent.

Summary
Parents should not simply know which games or educational tools their children are using, but understand them. This article seeks to provide some insight into popular games and platforms so that parents and pediatricians can make better decisions about what children access.
High Symptom Burden Predicts Poorer Quality of Life Among Children and Adolescents Receiving Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation or Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy
Authors: Montgomery Kathleen E. , Raybin Jennifer L. , Powers Kimberly , Hellsten Melody , Murray Paula , Ward Jessica 
Published: March 2024

Background
Children with cancer and other serious illnesses experience symptom burden during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, yet limited research has characterized how these symptoms interact with overall quality of life over time.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between symptoms and quality of life in children receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.

Methods
A multisite study design was used to collect symptom and quality of life information at pre–cell infusion and days +30, +60, and +90 from children (N = 140) receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. A longitudinal parallel process model was used to characterize the relationship between symptoms and quality of life.

Results
Children (mean age, 8.4 years) received allogeneic transplant (57.9%), autologous transplant (25.7%), or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (16.4%). Symptom prevalence was highest at baseline (>50%) for pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and low appetite. Quality of life scores were worse at baseline (mean [SD], 69.5 [15.8]) and improved by 10 points by day +90. The longitudinal model indicated high symptom prevalence at baseline predicted worse quality of life at both baseline and day +90.

Conclusions
Children felt worse early in the treatment trajectory and improved by day +90. The level of symptom burden predicted the overall quality of life at all time points.

Implications for Practice
Children experiencing high symptom burden should receive frequent assessment and enhanced symptom management throughout the treatment trajectory to mitigate negative impacts on quality of life.