bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvability of a nonlinear second order m-point boundary value problem with p-Laplacian at resonance
Authors: Liu Meiyu , Pei Minghe , Wang Libo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study the existence of solutions of the nonlinear second order m-point boundary value problem with p-Laplacian at resonance $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} (\phi _{p}(x'))'=f(t,x,x'),\quad t\in [0,1],\\ x'(0)=0, \qquad x(1)=\sum_{i=1}^{m-2}a_{i}x(\xi _{i}), \end{cases} $$

{

(

ϕ
p

(

x
′

)
)

′

=
f
(
t
,
x
,

x
′

)
,

t
∈
[
0
,
1
]
,

x
′

(
0
)
=
0
,

x
(
1
)
=

∑

i
=
1

m
−
2

a
i

x
(

ξ
i

)
,

where $\phi _{p}(s)=|s|^{p-2}s$

ϕ
p

(
s
)
=

|
s
|

p
−
2

s
, $p>1$
p
>
1
, $f:[0,1]\times \mathbb{R}^{2}\to \mathbb{R}$
f
:
[
0
,
1
]
×

R
2

→
R
is a continuous function, $a_{i}>0$

a
i

>
0
($i=1,2,\ldots ,m-2$
i
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
m
−
2
) with $\sum_{i=1}^{m-2}a_{i}=1$

∑

i
=
1

m
−
2

a
i

=
1
, $0<\xi _{1}<\xi _{2}<\cdots <\xi _{m-2}<1$
0
<

ξ
1

<

ξ
2

<
⋯
<

ξ

m
−
2

<
1
. Based on the topological transversality method together with the barrier strip technique and the cut-off technique, we obtain new existence results of solutions of the above problem. Meanwhile some examples are also given to illustrate our main results.
On Statistical Discrimination as a Failure of Social Learning: A Multiarmed Bandit Approach
Authors: Komiyama Junpei , Noda Shunya 
Published: March 2024

We analyze statistical discrimination in hiring markets using a multiarmed bandit model. Myopic firms face workers arriving with heterogeneous observable characteristics. The association between the worker’s skill and characteristics is unknown ex ante; thus, firms need to learn it. Laissez-faire causes perpetual underestimation: minority workers are rarely hired, and therefore, the underestimation tends to persist. Even a marginal imbalance in the population ratio frequently results in perpetual underestimation. We demonstrate that a subsidy rule that is implemented as temporary affirmative action effectively alleviates discrimination stemming from insufficient data. This paper was accepted by Nicolas Stier-Moses, Management Science Special Issue on The Human-Algorithm Connection. Funding: This work was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [Grant 430-2020-00088] and JST ERATO [Grant JPMJER2301], Japan. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00893 .
Subsidy Allocation Problem with Bus Frequency Setting Game: A Trilevel Formulation and Exact Algorithm
Authors: Mo Pengli , Liu Zhiyuan , Tan Zhijia , Yi Wen , Liu Pan 
Published: March 2024

Typically, governments subcontract the operation of urban bus systems to several bus operators. In particular, the government aims to promote the service quality for passengers by introducing competition among bus operators and subsidizes bus operations to ensure affordable fares. However, most existing studies about subsidy allocation typically do not account for the competitive factors among bus operators and thus may underestimate the associated benefits. In this study, we investigate how the government allocates subsidies to minimize social costs, taking into account the competition among bus operators and passenger route decisions. We describe this problem as a trilevel optimization model and use a game-theoretic approach to characterize the market equilibrium of bus operators. Next, we transform the trilevel model into a mixed-integer programming problem with quadratic constraints and solve it using an exact algorithm with acceleration techniques. The results of numerical experiments demonstrate the computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Several valuable insights are derived: First, lines served by competing bus operators typically do not require subsidies. Second, competitive behavior decreases social costs (including bus operating costs and passenger travel costs) more effectively in cities in which the passengers assign higher value to time. Third, the competitive behavior may be guided by exogenous parameters, such as ticket prices, to approximate the optimum of urban bus systems. Funding: This work was supported by the Key Project [Grant 52131203], Youth Program [Grant 72301065], and Project of International Cooperation and Exchanges [Grant 72361137006] of the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Key dimensions of women’s and their partners’ experiences of childbirth: A systematic review of reviews of qualitative studies
Authors: Benyamini Yael , Delicate Amy , Ayers Susan , Dikmen-Yildiz Pelin , Gouni Olga , Jonsdottir Sigridur Sia , Karlsdottir Sigfridur Inga , Kömürcü Akik Burcu , Leinweber Julia , Murphy-Tighe Sylvia , Pajalic Zada , Riklikiene Olga , Limmer Claudia Maria 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe World Health Organization 2018 intrapartum guideline for a positive birth experience emphasized the importance of maternal emotional and psychological well-being during pregnancy and the need for safe childbirth. Today, in many countries birth is safe, yet many women report negative and traumatic birth experiences, with adverse effects on their and their families’ well-being. Many reviews have attempted to understand the complexity of women’s and their partners’ birth experience; however, it remains unclear what the key dimensions of the birth experience are.ObjectiveTo synthesize the information from reviews of qualitative studies on the experience of childbirth in order to identify key dimensions of women’s and their partners’ childbirth experience.MethodsSystematic database searches yielded 40 reviews, focusing either on general samples or on specific modes of birth or populations, altogether covering primary studies from over 35,000 women (and >1000 partners) in 81 countries. We appraised the reviews’ quality, extracted data and analysed it using thematic analysis.FindingsFour key dimensions of women’s and partners’ birth experience (covering ten subthemes), were identified: 1) Perceptions, including attitudes and beliefs; 2) Physical aspects, including birth environment and pain; 3) Emotional challenges; and 4) Relationships, with birth companions and interactions with healthcare professionals. In contrast with the comprehensive picture that arises from our synthesis, most reviews attended to only one or two of these dimensions.ConclusionsThe identified key dimensions bring to light the complexity and multidimensionality of the birth experience. Within each dimension, pathways leading towards negative and traumatic birth experiences as well as pathways leading to positive experiences become tangible. Identifying key dimensions of the birth experience may help inform education and research in the field of birth experiences and gives guidance to practitioners and policy makers on how to promote positive birth experiences for women and their partners.
Effect of spironolactone on survival in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Kang Seok Hui , Kim Bo Yeon , Son Eun Jung , Kim Gui Ok , Do Jun Young 
Published: March 2024

Background
Previous studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the advantages or disadvantages of spironolactone use in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). This study aimed to evaluate survival according to the use of spironolactone in a large sample of patients undergoing maintenance HD.

Methods
This retrospective study used laboratory and clinical data from the national HD Quality Assessment Program and claims data. The participants of the quality assessment program were patients who had been undergoing maintenance HD for ≥ 3 months, patients undergoing HD at least twice a week. Patients with no spironolactone prescription during the assessment periods were designated as the control group. Patients with one or more prescriptions of spironolactone during the assessment periods were assigned to the SPR group.

Results
The number of patients in the control and SPR groups were 54,588 and 315, respectively. The 5-year survival rates were 69.1% and 59.1% in the control and SPR groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Cox regression analyses showed that the hazard ratio in the SPR group was 1.34 (P < 0.001) in univariate analysis and 1.13 (P = 0.249) in multivariable analysis. Univariate Cox-regression analysis showed a better patient survival rate in the control group than in the SPR group; however, multivariable analyses showed similar patient survival rates between the two groups.

Conclusion
This study showed no difference in survival between patients undergoing HD with and without spironolactone use.
Sweet or Not? Azathioprine-Induced Sweet Syndrome Mimicking Erythema Nodosum in a Patient With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Shah Yash R. , Tiwari Angad , Mansour Ramy , Rabinowitz Loren G. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
This case report highlights the clinical challenge and need to distinguish Sweet syndrome and erythema nodosum (EN) in a 50-year-old woman with newly initiated azathioprine for inflammatory bowel disease. While she initially presented with clinical features concerning for drug-induced Sweet syndrome, a subsequent histopathological examination confirmed early-stage EN. Both Sweet syndrome and EN share common triggers and therapeutic responses, but have distinctive clinical characteristics. Subtle histologic differences also exist in lesion distribution and depth of infiltration. This case underscores the need for accurate differentiation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease to initiate appropriate management and avoid potential complications.
A note on the classification of positive solutions to the critical p-Laplace equation in
R
n

${\mathbb{R}}^{n}$
Authors: Vétois Jérôme 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this note, we obtain a classification result for positive solutions to the critical p-Laplace equation in

R

n

${\mathbb{R}}^{n}$

with n ≥ 4 and p > p

n
for some number

p

n

∈

n

3

,

n
+
1

3

${p}_{n}\in \left(\frac{n}{3},\frac{n+1}{3}\right)$

such that

p

n

∼

n

3

+

1

n

${p}_{n}\sim \frac{n}{3}+\frac{1}{n}$

, which improves upon a similar result obtained by Ou (“On the classification of entire solutions to the critical p-Laplace equation,” 2022, arXiv:2210.05141) under the condition

p
≥

n
+
1

3

$p\ge \frac{n+1}{3}$

.
Top-down Chinese as a second language reading strategies
Authors: Lin Jia , Gao Gengsong , Huang Ting 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigated how 22 college-level Chinese as a second language (CSL) learners used reading strategies when reading essays of various genres in a strategies-based reading instruction program, in which they were explicitly taught ten top-down reading strategies. In addition to strategy use frequency and preference, this study explored the interrelationships among multiple strategies and whether strategy use frequency correlated with reading proficiency. Qualitative and quantitative data analyses revealed that the most frequently used strategies included previewing, anticipating, making a summary, and attending selectively. They were used in combination with other strategies in an orchestrated way. This study did not find a significant correlation between reading proficiency and total strategy use frequency or the frequency of using any single strategy. Strategy use frequency alone, without considering strategy use accuracy and appropriateness, might not be a good indicator of reading proficiency. This study provides an in-depth analysis of how CSL readers used single strategies and blended multiple strategies. Its findings shed light on second language learners’ reading process, reading difficulties, and the rationales behind their strategy use. Pedagogical implications are provided for CSL teachers regarding how to embed explicit strategy training into reading classes.
Another member out of the family: the description of manner of gait in Changana verbs of motion
Authors: Menete Sérgio N. , Jiang Guiying 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we show that the widely accepted tendency that manner of motion is described in greater detail in S-languages than in V-languages does not hold for all natural languages. Based on the analysis of manner of gait verbs applying the “lexical approach” (Kövecses, Zoltán. 2015. Surprise as a conceptual category. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 13(1). 270–290), this study shows that in the manner verb lexicon parameter, manner description in Changana (a V-language) is more nuanced than in prototypical S-languages like English (Talmy, Leonard. 2000. Toward a cognitive semantics, vol. II. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press). Contrary to the general tendency of V-languages, Changana presents a rich vocabulary of manner verbs and ideophones that cover many semantic dimensions. Our results suggest that while preserving some features of V-languages, Changana also makes distinctions that are usually only attested in S-languages, even exploring manner dimensions not often explored in S-languages. Our findings suggest that Changana is another language that does not fit well into Talmy’s well-established motion events typology.
Negotiating epistemic asymmetries during crisis management exercises: Pre-emptive and corrective practices
Authors: Rautiainen Iira , Oittinen Tuire 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigates interactional practices to negotiate epistemic asymmetries in multinational crisis management training in which English is used as a lingua franca (ELF). More specifically, we focus on exercises that include patrolling as well as other activities in which the trainees move by and interact in a vehicle. These exercises can be seen as “high stakes” environments that make orientation to urgency and safety issues relevant in the coordination of social conduct. Drawing on video recordings and ethnographic field notes from two United Nations military observer courses and using conversation analysis (CA), we examine moments in the exercises where the trainees orient to knowledge-related (i.e., epistemic) asymmetries in the upcoming or ongoing task. The analysis shows how these moments emerge and become solved in the moment-by-moment organization of interaction via utilization of verbal, linguistic and multimodal resources. We illustrate how some moments in the exercises allow the implementation of pre-emptive practices, whereas others call for corrective strategies and halting the ongoing task-related activity. The study sheds light on the situated practices the trainees use to establish mutual understanding and to advance goal-oriented activities in a mobile environment, and it promotes the temporal and sequential organization of social actions as key for collaborative work in crisis management training.
Validation of coupled ATHLET-OpenFOAM simulation on a large-scale single- and two-phase flow experiment
Authors: Yang Zhi , Herb Joachim , Papukchiev Angel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
System thermal-hydraulics (STH) codes are successfully used in the last decades for design and analysis of the physical behavior of nuclear power plants (NPPs). These programs provide reliable results at comparatively low computational cost, but have limited capabilities to predict complex 3D flow phenomena, which is possible with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools. In order to combine the advantages of STH and CFD codes, algorithms to couple these are developed. At GRS, a new OpenFOAM solver, based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method, was developed together with new coupling boundary conditions to couple the CFD program OpenFOAM with the system code ATHLET. In a next step, verification and validation activities were carried out. These included the analysis of a Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) scenario. For this purpose, data from the OECD/NEA ROSA V Test 1.1, carried out in the Japanese Large-Scale Test Facility (LSTF) was used. The experiment investigated the temperature stratification after emergency core cooling (ECC) injection under single- and two-phase natural circulation conditions in the primary cooling circuit of a pressurized water reactor (PWR). This paper discusses the results of the coupled simulations, compares the numerical results with experimental data, and identifies areas for future improvements.
The delivery of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) self-amplifying mRNA via modified lipid nanoparticles as a potential treatment for drug-resistant and metastatic cancers
Authors: Reznik Sandra E. , Tiwari Amit K. , Chavda Vivek , Ashby Jr Charles R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The protein, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a tumor suppressor, is significantly decreased or absent in many types of cancer. There is a significant negative correlation between the levels of NDRG2 and the development and progression of cancer tumor recurrence and tumor invasion, in different cancers. In contrast, the in vitro and in vivo overexpression of the NDRG2 protein decreases the proliferation, growth, adhesion and migration of many types of cancer cells. The in vitro overexpression of NDRG2 increases the efficacy of certain anticancer drugs in specific types of cancer cells. We hypothesize that the delivery of the mRNA of the NDRG2 protein, encapsulated by lipid nanoparticles, could represent a potential treatment of metastatic and drug-resistant cancers. This would be accomplished using a self-amplifying mRNA that encodes the NDRG2 protein and an RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase, obtained from an in vitrotranscribed (IVT) mRNA. The IVT mRNA would be encapsulated in a lipid nanoformulation. The efficacy of the nanoformulation would be determined in cultured cancer cells and if the results are positive, nude mice transplanted with either drug-resistant or metastatic drug-resistant cancer cells, would be treated with the nano- formulation and monitored for efficacy and adverse effects. If the appropriate preclinical studies indicate this formulation is efficacious and safe, it is possible it could be evaluated in clinical trials.
Flat-Back vs. Arched-Back Bench Press: Examining the Different Techniques Performed by Power Athletes
Authors: Bartolomei Sandro , Caroli Emanuele , Coloretti Vittorio , Rosaci Giuseppe , Cortesi Matteo , Coratella Giuseppe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bartolomei, S, Caroli, E, Coloretti, V, Rosaci, G, Cortesi, M, and Coratella, G. Flat-back vs. arched-back bench press: Examining the different techniques performed by power athletes. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1200–1205, 2024—The International Powerlifting Federation recently changed the regulations concerning the bench press (BP) technique, not allowing an accentuated dorsal arch anymore. We investigated the difference between the flat-back vs. arched-back BP performed by competitive powerlifters as concerns the following parameters: (a) 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and barbell displacement; (b) mean and peak barbell velocity and power, and (c) the excitation of the prime movers. Fifteen highly resistance trained individuals (BP 1RM/body mass ratio: 1.38 ± 0.18) performed the flat-back and arched-back BP at their 50, 70, and 90% of the respective 1RM and performed each lift with the intent to maximally accelerate the barbell. Barbell displacement and velocity, power, and the excitation of the upper and lower pectoralis and triceps brachii were assessed. The 1RM was greater with the arched-back BP (+4.2 Kg, 95% confidence intervals + 0.0/+8.4, effect size [ES]: 0.22), whereas the barbell displacement was greater with the flat-back BP for all loads (ES from 0.40 to 0.61). Greater mean (+0.052 m·s−1, 0.016/0.088, ES: 0.42) and peak barbell velocity (+0.068 m·s−1, +0.026/0.110, ES: 0.27) were observed in the flat-back BP, whereas power did not differ. The excitation of upper and lower pectoralis was similar, while an overall trend for an increased activation of triceps brachii was noted in the arched-back vs. flat-back BP. Interestingly, no between-load difference in the excitation of upper and lower pectoralis was observed (p > 0.05). Depending on the training purposes, both flat-back and arched-back BP may be used. The present outcomes may assist practitioners and competitive powerlifters to inform training session.
Envisioning a community food hub to support food security
Authors: Clement Sarah , Kozicky Sara , Hamilton Cassandra , Murphy Rachel 
Published: March 2024

Objective: The objective of this community-based participatory action research (CBPAR) project was to gain an in-depth understanding of the needs, interest and opportunities that exist within a post-secondary institution with respect to supporting food security among students via a food hub.
Methods: The project was undertaken on the campus of the University of British Columbia-Vancouver. The CBPAR approach included 4 phases: 1) information gathering, 2) relationship development, 3) implementation of the community engagement strategy, and 4) shareback of findings to the community.
Results: Phase 1 identified key components that formed the research process including campus partners for relationship development (phase 2) and subsequent engagement through their networks (phase 3).
Phase 3 included engagement of 62, 111, 156, and 154 students, who participated in facilitated dialogues, community meals, a survey and targeted survey, respectively. Food insecurity related experiences were prevalent, with 37% to 75% indicating they worried about running out of food in the last year. Over 90% of all survey respondents affirmed that they would access a community food hub (CFH). Preferences for the CFH were inclusion of emergency food access, community meals, and financial support and planning, while prioritizing foods that meet cultural needs, and a low cost grocery store within the CFH.
Conclusion: There is a demonstrated need and desire among students for innovative approaches to support food security at a post-secondary institution. The process outlined may serve as a road map for other communities who are seeking to move beyond emergency food relief.
Вражаючий поліматизм
Authors: Локтєв Вадим Михайлович 
Published: March 2024

16 березня виповнюється 90 років унікальній багатогранній особистості сучасної України — знаному фізику-теоретику, відомому перекладачу, поліглоту, дипломату, лауреату Державної премії України в галузі науки і техніки (1990), лауреату премії імені Максима Рильського (2005), кавалеру ордена Вранішнього Сонця (2006), члену Національної спілки письменників України, співробітнику Інституту фізики НАН України (1960—1966) та Інституту теоретичної фізики ім. М.М. Боголюбова НАН України (1966—1992), першому голові Вищої атестаційної комісії України (1992—1996), раднику з питань науки та освіти в Посольстві України в Японії (2001—2003), доктору фізико-математичних наук (1977) Івану Петровичу Дзюбу.