bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum Dynamic Approach of B2N(∓,0) and N2B (∓,0) Clusters Study: A Symmetry Breaking due to the Jahn-Teller Effect
Authors: Monajjemi Majid 
Published: April 2024

BN compounds play an important role in the preparation of hyper- thin films, that have received signifcant attention in products. In this article, we investigated the electronic structures of and. Triatomic NBN and BNB have recently been studied using various experimental and calculation approaches, and it is totally agreed that both of them are linear in their ground electronic step. The six ions including B2N (-), B2N (+), B2N (0) , BN2 (-), BN2 (+) and BN2 (0) have been studied and been also compared with one another in terms of several basis sets and predication of the symmetry breaking (SB) subject. Artifactual SB with the v3 vibration is occurred in the trial wave functions of coupled-cluster level, even when Brueckner orbitals of all nitrogen and oxygen atoms are used. In the of and molecules, the unpaired electrons are delocalized, while in the asymmetric, they are localized on either one of the B atoms or N atoms of and , respectively. Structures with (SB),, can be stronger by interaction to the . Hereby, the second-order Jahn-Teller effect allows the unpaired electron to localize on boron atom, rather than being delocalized. Finally, from a statistical thermodynamical analysis, we calculated the thermodynamically stabilities of those six ions.
An unusual presentation of uveo-meningeoencephalitic syndrome
Authors: Dave Prachi Abhishek , Bharti Neha , Singh Bhupesh , Bharti Sudhank 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Unilateral uveo-meningeoenchephalitic syndrome is a relatively rare entity. Our case highlights the importance of keeping this entity in mind when a unilateral picture suggestive of Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome crops up.
Case: A 34-year-old male came with chief complaints of blurring of vision in the right eye since two days with a prodrome of intense headache and redness in the right eye. On examination, the vision in the right eye was counting fingers close to face and 20/20 in the left eye. Clinical examination suggested unilateral uveo-meningeoenchephalitic syndrome which was confirmed on multimodal imaging.
Observations: This case highlights the fact that though uveo-meningeoenchephalitic syndrome is bilateral, by definition; the initial presentation may still be unilateral and a prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent the involvement of the other eye.
Conclusion: Any case presenting with signs of symptoms suggestive of Vogt Koyanagi Harada should be treated as Vogt Koyanagi Harada even though the initial presentation may be unilateral. A prompt diagnosis and early treatment will ensure that the other eye does not get involved. Early Vogt Koyanagi Harada may just present with choroidal hyperpermeability and multiple septate pockets of SRF without any vitreous cells or anterior segment inflammation.
Safety and efficacy of cyclosporine (0.05% versus 0.09%) in dry eye disease. Is it the strength of cyclosporin that really matters?
Authors: Rajpoot Mukesh , Singh Divya , Pandey Kankambari , Bhargava Rahul 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: This is a multicenter, randomized, interventional, double masked study aimed to compare safety and efficacy of cyclosporine (0.05% versus 0.09%) in dry eye disease.
Materials and methods: Random allocation of patients (n=450) was done in two groups by parallel assignment (1:1). Group1(n=225) received CAs 0.05% drops twice daily, and group 2 (n=225) received CAs 0.09% drops twice daily for 3 months. Primary outcomes were changes from baseline in Lissamine green staining score, Nelson grade on conjunctival impression cytology and tear film osmolarity. Secondary outcomes were changes in dry eye symptom score. Schirmer’s test scores, changes in corneal fluorescein staining and changes in tear film break up time.
Results: Within the groups, there was a significant improvement (ANOVA, P<0.05) in tear film osmolarity, lissamine green staining score, dry eye symptom score, corneal fluorescein staining and Schirmer test scores over 3 months of intervention. However, the difference in Nelson Grade, goblet cell density, and tear film break-up time was not statistically significant. Between the groups, there was a significantly better improvement in tear film osmolarity (ANOVA, P<0.001), Lissamine green staining score (ANOVA, P=0.002), corneal fluorescein staining (ANOVA, P=0.011), dry eye symptoms (ANOVA, P=0.040) and Schirmer test scores (ANOVA, P=0.001) with CAs 0.09%. However, the improvement in Nelson grade, tear film break-up time was not significantly different between the two groups. The overall patient’s comfort was significantly better over time in patients on CAs 0.05% (ANOVA, P<0.001).
Conclusion: Increasing strength of CAs better improves corneal staining, tear production, tear film osmolarity but not conjunctival morphology and tear film stability.
Early management of capillary haemangioma to prevent stimulus-deprivation amblyopia
Authors: Ojha Hare Ram , Verma Neha 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Infantile capillary haemangiomas (IHs) are common, benign tumours that are self -limiting and generally found in the head and neck region.
Case: We present a case of a three month old female baby who presented with a left upper eyelid capillary haemangioma because of which she could not lift the upper lid subjecting her to a high risk of stimulus- deprivation amblyopia. Treatment was provided in the form of an intralesional Triamcinolone acetate injection (40 mg/ml) under general anaesthesia, along with oral Propranolol (1 mg/kg body in 2 divided doses for the first two days, followed by 2 mg/kg in 2 divided doses for ten days (continued upto four months) and topical Timolol (0.5%) lid massage twice a day upto a period of six months.
Observation: No adverse effects were reported and a marked reduction in size of the tumor was observed thereby providing an immediate relief to the child.
Conclusion: Hence a combination therapy using intralesional steroids, along with oral propranolol and topical timolol over the lesion has proven to be very effective in providing early response.
Ocular toxicity among patients taking anti-tubercular treatment
Authors: Sitaula Sanjeeta , Sitaula Ranju Kharel , Thapa Shilu , Chapagain Sameer , Dahal Hira Nath 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in Nepal and anti-tubercular drugs used for the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis can be associated with ocular toxicity. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the incidence of ocular toxicity among patients receiving anti-tubercular therapy and to assess the change in visual functions and ocular imaging before and after use of anti-tubercular therapy.
Materials and methods: A total of 89 eyes of 45 TB patients taking anti-tubercular therapy were enrolled. Detailed history and examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), colour vision (Farnsworth D-15t), contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson chart), Goldman visual field analysis and spectral domain optical coherence tomography for retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) analysis were assessed at baseline and at 6 months after starting anti-tubercular therapy. Visual evoked potential (VEP) was performed in suspected cases.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.13±14.00 years and 62.2% were males. The mean weight of the subjects was 54.37±10.36 kg, mean daily dosage of ethambutol was 17.91±1.74 mg/day/kg and mean administration duration was 2.71±1.54 months. The incidence of ocular toxicity was 2.24%. Bilateral retrobulbar optic neuropathy occurred in a 27-year female of 55 kg receiving ethambutol (20 mg/kg/day) for 6 months for Pott’s spine. Her best-corrected visual acuity in both eyes was reduced to 6/36 from 6/6 and developed non-specific color vision defect, decreased contrast sensitivity, bilateral cecocentral visual field defect and mean decrease in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness compared to the baseline data. In rest cases, a statistically significant decrease in mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in both eyes suggested the evidence of subclinical toxicity.
Conclusion: Though less common, ethambutol toxicity can occur in patients under anti-tubercular therapy in the form of retrobulbar optic neuritis. Decreased contrast sensitivity and thinning in the mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness can be the indicator of subclinical toxicity.
Ethambutol induced toxic optic neuropathy - A retrospective study in a tertiary eye care centre in Southern India
Authors: Shanmugam Mahesh Kumar , Sajja Swetha , Kowsalya Akkayasamy , Balakrishnan Harini Krishna , Jayasri K N 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Ethambutol is an antibiotic used as a first line drug in the treatment of tuberculosis and a vision threatening side effect of EMB is ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (EON). The aim of the study is to create awareness about the potentiality of ethambutol to cause ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy, careful monitoring of dose and patient education.
Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study of 14 patients whose complete Anti- tubercular treatment records could be retrieved were included. Epidemiological data including age, sex, systemic illness were recorded. Duration between optic nerve toxicity , usage of ethambutol and the drug dosage were noted. Best corrected visual acuity, anterior segment examination including pupils, extraocular movements, colour vision, central fields and fundus examination were evaluated. The patients were followed up at one and three month intervals.
Results: Associated systemic illness was found to be a confounding factor for the development of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy. 57% of patients had diabetes mellitus followed by hypertension (14.2%), renal disease (7.1%). The average daily dose of Ethambutol ingested was 1078.5 mg (21 mg/kg) and this high dose could have been the primary cause for development of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy. Vision ranged from total blindness to mild visual impairment and poor recovery of vision was noted even after discontinuing ethambutol.
Conclusion: Only a minority of patients showed improvement in visual function following discontinuation of ethambutol and the toxicity was found to be dose-dependent. Patients with comorbidities like renal impairment and diabetes mellitus appeared to be at greater risk. Ophthalmological examination before commencing treatment and periodic evaluation thereafter is mandatory.
Study on Low Student-Lecturer Interaction during Lectures in Sri Lankan State Universities
Authors: Wickramasinghe H.V. 
Published: April 2024

This research explores reasons for low student- lecturer interaction during the lecture in one of the leading business administration departments in a state university. The study was conducted through a qualitative approach, and the data were generated using seven semi-structured interviews. Three female students and four male students were selected under purposive sampling for the semi-structured interviews. The generated data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that mainly the lecturers’ behaviour in the class room, influence of peers and their teaching, individual differences among the students, English language barriers and the classroom layout are the reasons for the low student- lecturer interaction during the lecture. Lecturers’ behaviour in the classroom and lecturers’ teaching style affect student lecturer interaction during the lecture. Also, the way students are motivated by their peers and their mindset of thinking their peers teach better than the lecturer also affect the low student lecturer interaction. There are individual differences among the students and it was found that it is one reason for low student-lecturer interaction. Most of the degree courses in the Sri Lankan university system are conducted in the English medium. Students feel uncomfortable with the language, which is another reason for low interaction between students and lecturers during the lecture. Besides these reasons, different layouts and the number of students in the classroom also affect low student-lecturer interaction during the lecture. The research findings will support students and lecturers to change their behaviour and attitude to increase the interaction during the lectures.
Keywords: Low Interaction, Students, Lecturers, State University
Need for a New Paradigm to Assess Quality of Life of Persons with Vision Impairment and Blindness: Evidence from a Literature Survey
Authors: Dunuwila V.R. , Perera M.S.S. , Suraweera T. , Fernando P.J.S. 
Published: April 2024

Eye health and vision play an extensive role in every aspect of our life as everything we perceive as the world comes through our sense of sight. Recent statistics of the World Health Organisation specify that 2.2 billion of the world’s population experience vision impairment and blindness, of which at least 1 billion of these cases are yet to be addressed. Estimates show that over 1 million persons with vision impairment and blindness have been reported in Sri Lanka. Promoting the quality of life of such communities has become a high priority initiative for local governments, international organisations, and researchers, where this construct has been subject to continuous discussion with numerous models proposed for its assessment. However, the research problem emanates from the fact that there is no clearly construed definition or characterisation of this construct. Although past research points to a couple of instruments that examine the quality of life of persons with vision impairment and blindness, their focus has been limited to the medical aspect of a life of quality. Hence, this paper attempts to demystify the concept of quality of life as applicable to persons with vision impairment and blindness, to justify the need for a novel instrument to assess this noteworthy construct. A systematic literature search on the quality of life was carried out using multiple electronic databases where a total of 254 online publications were identified, which were then screened and excluded based on relevance. The remaining 78 papers were read in-depth to identify conceptual and measurement principles pertaining to the quality of life and a thematic analysis was carried out on 32 quality of life definitions to obtain a better understanding of this construct. The findings of the thematic analysis indicate that quality of life relates to the overall well-being of an individual that needs to be examined with respect to his/her needs, expectations, and values that are perceived as important by them. In obtaining a better grasp of the perspectives discussed in this paper, the need for a new conceptual model of quality of life arguably becomes clearer for persons with vision impairment and blindness.
Keywords: Conceptualisation, Quality of Life, Vision Impairment and Blindness
Factors Affecting Social Entrepreneurial Orientations: Moderating Role of Government Support
Authors: Majeed Shafna Abdul , Kodithuwakku K.A.S.S. , Abhayarathne M.H.R. 
Published: April 2024

In the face of globalisation expanding trend, social entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurial orientation (SEO) are regarded as the key economic development strategies to advance an organisation’s performance and eventually a country’s economic growth and sustain its competitiveness. This study aimed to explore the factors that affect the SEO of non-profit organisations (NPOs), as well as the moderating effects of government support in enhancing the SEO of NPOs. To meet the study's objectives, the two-step cluster analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) were utilised. The moderator of the study was classified into three clusters; access to both government financial and non-financial support, access to higher government non-financial support only and access to lesser government non-financial support only. The study was conducted among one hundred and ten NPOs in the Ampara district of Sri Lanka, where data were collected from owners or managers of the organisations. The findings of this study noted a significant positive relationship between organic organisational structure and organisation size with SEO. Organizations that engage in earning activities, receiving other organisations’ financial support and individual donations show comparatively higher SEO. Organisations with male owners/managers have higher SEO than those with female owners/managers. In terms of the moderating effects of government support, findings revealed significant moderation characteristic of government support. Most of the direct relationships are moderated when both governments financial and non-financial support is available to the NPOs. Government support accelerates the association of organic organisational structure and social networking with SEO. Organisations involved in earning activities, organisations receiving other organisations’ financial support and individual donations show a higher SEO when the moderating effect of government support is present. The findings of this study provide a clear indication to researchers and policymakers about the effectiveness of the current government support designed and implemented to support NPOs in Sri Lanka.
Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship, Social Entrepreneurial Orientation, Non-Profit Organisation, Government Support
Organisational Factors Affecting Commitment of Sewing Machine Operators at ABC Clothing Private Limited
Authors: Perera Bhanuri , Kariyapperuma Seshika 
Published: April 2024

One of the work-related attitudes that people have toward the organisations in which they work is their organisational commitment. This concept is concerned with the degree to which people are involved with their organisations and are interested in remaining with them. The purpose of this research is to identify organisational factors that affect the commitment of sewing machine operators (SMOs). Further, specific objectives were also set to identify the determinants of commitment of SMOs, to identify the relationship between the identified determinants and the commitment of SMOs, and to recommend human resource practices intended to enhance the commitment of SMOs. This is quantitative research that underlines the positivists philosophical assumptions. Hence, the deductive approach was used. The research strategy was the cross-sectional survey method. To understand the behaviour of the factors of commitment of Sewing Machine Operators (SMOs), 120 SMOs on the main production floor of ABC Clothing (Pvt) Ltd (JMPL) were deemed the sample according to the simple random sampling method. A questionnaire survey was taken as the primary source of collecting the data where all the independent variables were measured according to the standard prior questionnaires. According to the conceptual framework, the researcher hypothesised the construct using independent variables; superior support, peer support, flexi-time jobs, workload, and job autonomy and the dependent variable was the commitment of SMOs. The analytical tool of the study was IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Parallel to most of the historical findings, superior support, peer support, flexi-time jobs, and job autonomy revealed a significant positive relationship towards the commitment of SMOs in ABC Clothing Private Limited, with the exception of workload, which portrayed a significant negative relationship. It was revealed that ‘flexi-time jobs’ have the highest correlation with commitment and are the most influential factor in the commitment of sewing machine operators at ABC Clothing. Finally, depending on the results obtained from the study, the management is given some recommendations highlighting the five independent variables that are identified as significant for the commitment, indicating what steps can be taken by the management to enhance the commitment of the sewing machine operators.
Keywords: Organisational Commitment, Sewing Machine Operators, Flextime Job, Peer Support, Superior Support, Job Autonomy, Workload
Customers' Technology Know-How and Error-Correction Capability in Using Self-Service Technologies
Authors: Galdolage Badra Sandamali 
Published: April 2024

Customers' levels of technology knowledge vary significantly, affecting their performance in Self-Service Technologies (SSTs) and their ability to respond to errors in SSTs caused by service or process failures. Despite the fact that this is a highly practical scenario, scholarly research on the subject is rare. As a result, the purpose of this research is to look into customer technology know-how in SSTs, customers' corrective actions in the event of SST service/process failures, and differences between customers in terms of service performance, technology know-how, and error corrective capabilities in SSTs. The study used a qualitative research design, with semi-structured interviews with 25 SST users. The thematic analysis method was used to analyse the data. The study identified four types of knowledge that SST users need to effectively complete service transactions: computer knowledge, SST device knowledge, Internet knowledge, and language ability. Furthermore, the study identified numerous mechanisms used by customers to correct errors in SSTs and classified them as 'error preventing' or 'error recovering' mechanisms. Furthermore, the study discovered customer performance disparities among SSTs based on their level of technological expertise and error-correcting capabilities. The study divided SST users into three performance categories: 'Full performer,' 'Fair performer,' and 'Poor performer.' This study fills the theoretical gaps by elucidating the interaction between SST users' technological expertise and error correction capabilities. Furthermore, it informs SST service providers on how to maximise users' level of expertise while improving the service quality.
Keywords: Self-Service Technologies, Technology Know-How, Errors in SSTs, SST Acceptance