bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What impact does Urbanization have on the Water Green Utilisation Efficiency: An Empirical Study from China
Authors: Wang Jiangqiang , Shen Bo , Zhang Zhongyun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Balancing the relationship between rapid urbanization and water resources is crucial for the sustainable development of China. Water green utilisation efficiency (WGUE) is a significant indicator of the sustainability of water utilisation. The paper uses the super-efficiency SBM model with undesirable outputs to evaluate the WGUE in 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019, and it then uses the Tobit model to test the nonlinear effects of urbanization on WGUE empirically. The main conclusions are that (1) the WGUE in China is not evenly distributed: the eastern region is the most efficient, followed by the central region and the western region; the northeastern region is the lowest. Beijing and Shanghai were at the production frontier during the researched period. (2) There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between urbanization and WGUE. Urbanization is associated with water environmental degradation in an early stage. Nevertheless, after achieving a threshold level, it improves WGUE. (3) The increase in technical application level, trade openness and educational level can facilitate WGUE. (4) In the robustness tests, the regression results of coefficient direction and significance for the independent variables are consistent with the above results, therefore the empirical research had the good robustness. The research results also able to promote the sustainable use of water resource in China.
Transcriptome- and proteome-wide effects of a circular RNA encompassing four early exons of the spinal muscular atrophy genes
Authors: Luo Diou , Ottesen Eric , Lee Ji Heon , Singh Ravindra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) genes, SMN1 and SMN2, produce multiple circular RNAs (circRNAs), including C2A-2B-3-4 that encompasses early exons 2A, 2B, 3 and 4. Here we report the transcriptome- and proteome-wide effects of overexpression of C2A-2B-3-4 in inducible HEK293 cells. Our RNA-Seq analysis revealed altered expression of ~ 15% genes (4,172 genes) by C2A-2B-3-4. About half of the affected genes by C2A-2B-3-4 remained unaffected by L2A-2B-3-4, a linear transcript encompassing exons 2A, 2B, 3 and 4 of SMN1/SMN2. These findings underscore the unique role of the structural context of C2A-2B-3-4 in gene regulation. A surprisingly high number of upregulated genes by C2A-2B-3-4 were located on chromosomes 4 and 7, whereas many of the downregulated genes were located on chromosomes 10 and X. Supporting a cross-regulation of SMN1/SMN2 transcripts, C2A-2B-3-4 and L2A-2B-3-4 upregulated and downregulated SMN1/SMN2 mRNAs, respectively. Proteome analysis revealed 61 upregulated and 57 downregulated proteins by C2A-2B-3-4 with very limited overlap with those affected by L2A-2B-3-4. Independent validations confirmed the effect of C2A-2B-3-4 on expression of genes associated with chromatin remodeling, transcription, spliceosome function, ribosome biogenesis, lipid metabolism, cytoskeletal formation, cell proliferation and neuromuscular junction formation. Our findings reveal a broad role of C2A-2B-3-4, a universally expressed circRNA produced by SMN1/SMN2.
OsPAD1, encoding a non-specific lipid transfer protein, is required for rice pollen aperture formation
Authors: Wang Qi-ming , Tian Yun-lu , Chen Ke-yi , Zhu Shan-shan , Xiong Ye-hui , Wang Chao-long , Yu Xiao-wen , Bai Wen-ting , Zheng Hai , You Shi-min , Hu Yang , Lei De-kun , Jian An-qi , Lu Jia-yu , Yu Hao , Zhang Xin , Ren Yu-long , Lei Cai-lin , Cheng Zhi-Jun , Lin Qi-bing , Jiang Ling , Zhao Zhi-gang , Wan Jian Min 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are distinguished by their capacity to facilitate lipid transport in vitro between membranes. This includes the transportation of lipid constituents from the tapetum to the microspore, thereby playing a pivotal role in the synthesis and construction of the pollen wall, encompassing the formation of the pollen aperture. However, our understanding of LTPs and their role in pollen aperture formation in rice remains limited. In this study, we have isolated and characterized a male sterile rice mutant named as pollen aperture defect 1 (Ospad1). When compared to the wild type, Ospad1 mutant plants exhibit pollen grain abortion due to the absence of the fibrillar-granular layer, ultimately leading to the leakage of contents from the malformed aperture. OsPAD1 encodes a non-specific LTP and is specifically expressed in the tapetum and microspore during male development. Subsequently, in vitro lipid binding assays reveal that the recombinant OsPAD1 protein has the capability to bind to a broad spectrum of lipids. The malfunction of OsPAD1 results in disrupted lipid metabolism and compromised pollen aperture, ultimately leading to male sterility. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescent complementation and pull-down assays all demonstrate that OsPAD1 can directly interact with OsINP1, an orthologue of a crucial aperture factor in Arabidopsis, together regulating rice aperture development. These findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the function of LTPs in rice pollen aperture formation. This research holds potential implications not only for rice but also for other cereal crops.
Polymorphisms of ACACB Gene and Their Association with Milk Quality Traits in Yak
Authors: zhu chune , Wang Xiangyan , Qi Youpeng , Mi Baohong , Cui Changze , Chen Shaopeng , Shi Bingang , Hu Jiang , Zhao Zhidong , Zhao Fangfang , Liu Xiu , Wang Jiqing , Hao Zhiyun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta (ACACB) is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in lipid syn-thesis and fatty acid oxidation. The results of our previous study showed that a total of seven SNPs were detected in the exon 37-intron 37, exon 46-intron 46, and intron 47 regions of the yak ACACB, and mutations in the ACACB were found to affect yak meat quality traits. However, the genetic effects of ACACB on yak milk quality traits have not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ACACB polymorphisms on yak milk quality traits in Gannan yaks. In this study, A total of 202 Gannan yaks were included in the study. Analyze the different geno-types, diplotypes, and the presence or absence of haplotypes on milk quality. The seven SNPs were named as exon 37-intron 37 (exon 37: SNP1, intron 37: SNP2 and SNP3), exon 46-intron 46 (exon 46: SNP4, intron 46: SNP5), and intron 47 (SNP6 and SNP7). Apart from the SNP1, SNP2, SNP5, and SNP6 loci where the polymorphic information content (PIC) was low (PIC ≤ 0.25), the SNP3, SNP4, and SNP7 loci were all of intermediate polymorphic information status (0.25 < PIC < 0.5). The highest frequency of heterozygosity occurred at the SNP7 locus, and the two alleles were evenly distributed in the population compared to alleles at the other loci. There were no strong linkages between the SNPs (r2<0.33) except for a strong linkage disequilibrium observed between SNP1 and SNP2 (r2=0.89). Seven effective haplotypes and seven diplotypes were constructed for the Gannan yak ACACB gene. Correlation analysis showed that SNP1 and SNP7 were associated with lactose content (P<0.05), while SNP3 was significantly associated with the protein and monounsaturated fatty acid contents in the milk (P<0.05). SNP4 was significantly associated with both saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid contents (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), while SNPs 5 and 7 were significantly correlated with the fat percentage (P<0.05) and SNP6 was significantly correlated with total solid content of the milk (P<0.05). Yaks with the H2H2 diplotype had significantly higher levels of milk fat than other diplotypes (P<0.05) while milk fat contents in animals carrying hap-lotype H2 were significantly higher than that in yaks carrying the deletion type (P<0.05). The findings of the present study suggest that polymorphisms in the yak ACACB affect milk quality and can be used as genetic markers for enhancing milk quality in yak populations. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the genetic characterization of milk quality traits in the Gannan yak.
Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in patients with cervical spinal cord injury: a retrospective study focused on oral intake at discharge
Authors: Taguchi Kazue , Obayashi Shigeru , Nishimoto Junji , Fujimoto Mikio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Study Design:
single-center retrospective cohort study.
Objectives
Dysphagia is a common secondary complication of cervical spinal-cord injury (CSCI); however, its long-term prognosis remains unknown. We aimed to clarify the characteristics of CSCI-related dysphagia using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), and to identify factors associated with acquisition of full oral intake during hospitalization.
Setting:
An academic medical center in Japan.
Methods
Data of patients with CSCI-related dysphagia were retrospectively collected and compared between patients who achieved full oral intake during hospitalization (oral-intake group) and those mainly relying on feeding tubes for nutrition (parenteral-nutrition group).
Results
A total of 100 participants met the inclusion criteria. The oral-intake and parenteral-nutrition groups included 35 and 65 participants, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in age, length of hospital stay, and Barthel Index (BI) gain between the two groups. FEES revealed that only vallecular residues were significantly greater in the parenteral-nutrition group, with an effect size of 0.24, which was higher than that of other FEES parameters.
Conclusions
In this study, the oral-intake group tended to have younger age, longer duration of hospital stay, and higher BI gain. The detection of vallecular residues on FEES could be a prognostic factor for parenteral nutrition at discharge.
Sponsorship:
No commercial companies sponsored this study.
Transfer learning for crash design
Authors: Colella Giada , Lange Volker A. , Duddeck Fabian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
When designing the structure of a new vehicle, car manufacturers need to ensure the compliance with strict safety requirements. Aiming to support the engineers in the early phase of this process, we propose a transfer learning framework for crashworthiness. This work explores the possibility to infer knowledge on future situations by exploiting data coming from past development processes. During the early phases of automotive development, assessing the crash safety implies dealing with the challenge of low data availability. Here, the engineers have no hardware test to rely on and can access only few finite element simulations. Under these circumstances, an attractive concept to investigate is the development of a machine learning approach able to learn from the past designs and to transfer the acquired knowledge to the new ones. Transfer learning can serve to this aim. With it, one learns the basic knowledge from a source domain A, and transfers it to a target domain B, characterized by low data availability. Here, we propose a transfer learning framework and apply it to an explicatory industrial crash example. The components produced in the past constitute the source domain; the new component design is the target domain. The proposed methodology can serve as an innovative solution to support car manufacturers in the early phase of vehicle development and thus improve the performance in crashworthiness scenarios.
Extra-articular screw placement strategy in Stoppa approach based on three-dimensional reconstruction model
Authors: Zhang Ruipeng , Zhang Shaojuan , Zheng Xuehong , Yin Yingchao , Wang Zhongzheng , Tian Siyu , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The study aimed to explore an extra-articular screw placement strategy in Stoppa approach. Radiographic data of patients who underwent pelvic computed tomography (CT) from January 2016 to June 2017 were imported into Materiaise’s interactive medical image control system (MIMICS) software for three-dimensional reconstruction. Superior and lower margins of acetabulum and ipsilateral pelvic brim could be observed simultaneously through inlet-obturator view. A horizontal line from superior acetabular margin intersected pelvic brim at point “A” and another vertical line from lower margin intersected pelvic brim at point “B” were drawn, respectively. Lengths form sacroiliac joint to “A” (a), “A” to “B” (b), and “B” to pubic symphysis (c) were measured. Patients were divided into four groups depending on gender and side difference of measured hemi-pelvis: male left (ML), male right (MR), female left (FL), and female right (FR). Lengths of adjacent holes (d) and spanning different holes (e) of different plates were also measured. Mean lengths of a, b, c in four groups were 40.94 ± 1.85mm, 40.09 ± 1.93mm, 41.78 ± 3.62mm, and 39.77 ± 2.23mm (P = 0.078); 40.65 ± 1.58mm, 41.48 ± 1.64mm, 40.40 ± 1.96mm, and 40.66 ± 1.70mm (P = 0.265); 57.03 ± 3.41mm, 57.51 ± 3.71mm, 57.84 ± 4.40mm, and 59.84 ± 4.35mm (P = 0.165), respectively. Mean d length of different plates was 12.23 mm. Average lengths spanning 1, 2, 3 and 4 holes were 19.33mm, 31.58mm, 43.80mm, and 55.93mm. Our data showed that zones a and c could be safely inserted three and four screws. Penetration into hip joint could be avoided when vacant 3-hole drilling was conducted in zone b. Fracture line in zone b could serve as a landmark for screw placement.
Response of soil nitrogen pool to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in the wet meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: LU Yanhua , Li Guang , Wu Jiangqi , Wang Haiyan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
The soil nitrogen (N) conversion process is an important part of the N cycle in wetland ecosystems, which regulates the content of soil available N and determines the retention status of soil N. N deposition and phosphorus (P) input caused by human activities will change the soil N pool, thereby affecting the soil function and conversion process. However, the responses of soil nitrogen pools to N and P addition in the QTP remain unknown.
Methods
In this study, an experiment was carried out for two years in wetlands situated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We analyzed the effects of N and P additions on soil nitrogen pool (i.e., blank control (CK), N addition (15 kg N ha− 1 yr− 1, N15), P addition (15 kg P ha− 1 yr− 1, P15), and NP co-addition (15 kg NP ha− 1 yr− 1, N15P15)), and discussed the main driving factors.
Results
The results showed that N and P addition significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) in 0-40cm soil layer, and decreased the contents of soil dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), but had no significant effect on the contents of soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). The nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) content decreased under the N15 addition, and the TN storage was the highest under the P15 addition. Under each treatment, the surface soil (0-10cm) was more sensitive to N and P addition, while the deep soil was relatively stable. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil organic carbon (Explanation = 40.80%), soil density (Explanation = 8.70%), and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (Explanation = 8.40%) were the main environmental factors affecting the content of each N fraction under the N and P addition.
Conclusion
N and P addition would affect the stability and transformation of wetland soil nitrogen pool, and the nitrogen transformation process was mainly regulated by soil physicochemical properties.
Assessing Future Changes in Variability of Mainland Indochina Southwest Monsoon Rainfall
Authors: Oo Kyaw Than , KAZORA JONAH 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Researching future changes in rainfall variability is critical to mitigating the possible effects of global warming, especially in areas where vulnerability is higher, such as South Asia. While changes in mean and extreme rainfall have received a great deal of attention, rainfall variability has received very little research, despite its substantive importance. This study endeavors to delve into the anticipated modifications in rainfall variability during the mainland Indochina southwest monsoon (MSWM) utilizing data derived from five ensemble models participating in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Employing band-pass filtering techniques on daily rainfall data, we discerned variability across an expansive spectrum of temporal scales. Our research indicates that, in the event of global warming, MSWM rainfall variability is expected to increase by roughly 10–25% throughout the whole region. Notably, this increased unpredictability appears uniformly throughout a wide range of time intervals. We find that changes in average rainfall significantly aid in explaining the majority of intermodel variances in the predicted MSWM rainfall variability. In order to get further insight into this phenomenon, we examine the effects of elevated atmospheric moisture content through the estimation of modifications resulting from an idealized local thermodynamic enhancement. We show that the increased atmospheric moisture, as suggested by the connection between Clausius and Clapeyron, accounts for most of the predicted changes in rainfall variability at all-time scales.
The effect of erythromycin in Macrolide-Resistant Bordetella pertussis: Inhibitory on Growth, Toxin Expression, and Virulence
Authors: Jiang Kaichong , Luan Yang , Wang Wei , Xue Da , Tang Shuyue , Peng Xiaokang , Liu Xiaoguai , Wang Zengguo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBp) has appeared in Asian and even been prevalent in China. Causing of the antibiotic sensitivity test is not carried out in the clinic application, macrolide is still the first choice of antibiotic when MRBp infection. The macrolide therapy for pertussis needs to be revised. Macrolide is always shown a positive effect on other macrolide-resistant bacterium infenction in clinical application. However, the mechanism of macrolide on MRBp is unclear.This study conducted a representative isolate BP19147 (ptxP1/fhaB3-MRBp) under a series of sub-inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin. We measured the growth curve, biofilm formation and autoaggregation assay under SS broth. The relative genes expression was detected by RT-qPCR. The proteomics was detected by label-fee DIA. The MR isolate BP19147 is inhibited by sub-MIC of erythromycin and has a concentration-dependent effect. From the proteomics results, the Ptx, FHA, and pertactin do not show a statistical difference (p >0.05). Other virulence factors (including Dnt, Cya, and et al) show the statistical difference (p <0.05). In the KEGG enrichment, the BvgAS system, biofilm formation, and some adaptive systems are inhibited by erythromycin. The sub-MIC of erythromycin may reduce the virulence of MRBp, which will provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of erythromycin for MRBp infection and help the development of new antibiotics.
Musical note recognition in presence of harmonics without the fundamental
Authors: Albera Roberto , Lucisano Sergio , Urbanelli Anastasia , Aprigliano Alessandra , Morando Luca , Amoroso Antonio , Alexeev Maxim , Albera Andrea 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Musical signals are complex periodic waveform characterized by the sum of different frequencies. The lower frequency is called fundamental while the other frequencies are called harmonics, and their frequency is multiple of the fundamental. The pitch of a sound is correlated with the value of the fundamental even though in many situations it can be impossible to perceive it. In these cases, it is possible to identify the pitch thanks to the perception of harmonics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the identification of the notes on the basis of the presence of consecutive harmonics only and to determine the importance of their distance from the fundamental. The study was carried out on 30 normally hearing musicians without absolute pitch. The acoustic signal was characterized by the association of four consecutive and two consecutive harmonics of central notes of the piano keyboard. The rate of correct identification ranged between and 8% and 100% with a better identification when stimuli were characterized by more harmonics and lower frequency. The results confirm that it is possible to identify a note on the basis of the presence of harmonics near to fundamental especially if the fundamental frequency is under 2000 Hz.
The BMAL1/HIF2A heterodimer modulates circadian variations of myocardial injury
Authors: Eltzschig Holger , Ruan Wei , Li Tao , Lee Jaewoong , Bang In Hyuk , Deng Wankun , Ma Xinxin , Yoo Seung-Hee , Kim Boyun , Li Jiwen , Yuan Xiaoyi , An Yu , Wang Yin-Ying , Liang Yafen , Deberge Matthew , Zhang Dongze , Zhou Zhen , Wang Yanyu , Gorham Joshua , Seidman Jonathan , Seidman Christine , Aranki Sary , Nair Ragini , Li Lei , Narula Jagat , Zhao Zhongming , Gorfe Alemayehu , Muehlschlegel Jochen , Tsai Kuang-Lei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction stands as a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide1-6. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the severity of cardiac injury following myocardial infarction exhibits a circadian pattern, with larger infarct sizes and poorer outcomes in patients experiencing morning onset myocardial infarctions7-14. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern circadian variations of myocardial injury remain unclear. Here, we show that BMAL114-20, a core circadian transcription factor, orchestrates diurnal variability in myocardial injury. Unexpectedly, BMAL1 modulates circadian-dependent cardiac injury by forming a transcriptionally active heterodimer with a non-canonical partner, hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2A)6,21-23, in a diurnal manner. Substantiating this finding, we determined the cryo-EM structure of the BMAL1/HIF2A/DNA complex, revealing a previously unknown capacity for structural rearrangement within BMAL1, which enables the crosstalk between circadian rhythms and hypoxia signaling. Furthermore, we identified amphiregulin (AREG) as a rhythmic transcriptional target of the BMAL1/HIF2A heterodimer, critical for regulating circadian variations of myocardial injury. Finally, pharmacologically targeting the BMAL1/HIF2A-AREG pathway provides effective cardioprotection, with maximum efficacy when aligned with the pathway's circadian trough. Our findings not only uncover a novel mechanism governing the circadian variations of myocardial injury but also pave the way for innovative circadian-based treatment strategies, potentially shifting current treatment paradigms for myocardial infarction.