bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Nutritional Quality and Color Stability of Tomato Juice through Low-Intensity Pulsed Electric Field Treatment
Authors: Prakasha R . , Pandey H. , Vinay G M . 
Published: April 2024

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-intensity pulsed electric field (LIPEF) treatment on the lycopene content, ascorbic acid retention, and color enhancement of juice prepared by using Roma variety tomatoes.
Methodology: The tomato slices were kept in the PEF treatment chamber with varying electric field strength ranging from 2-8 kV/cm and pulse numbers between 10-70 with a monopolar pulse of 1 Hz frequency having a pulse on/off time respectively of 10 µs. After the PEF treatment, the slices were processed to extract the juice for further analysis.
Results: The study revealed significant findings regarding the effect of LIPEF treatment on Roma variety tomatoes. Treatment with 4 kV/cm and 50 pulses resulted in a remarkable 69.11% increase in lycopene content compared to untreated tomato juice. Additionally, there was a remarkable retention rate of 99.84% for ascorbic acid in the treated samples compared to the control. Furthermore, LIPEF treatment led to a substantial increase of 40.78% in the a* value, indicating enhanced red coloration of the extracted juice compared to the control. However, higher electric field strength affects the retention of ascorbic acid content.
Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of low-intensity pulsed electric field (LIPEF) treatment in enhancing the lycopene content, retaining ascorbic acid, and improving the red coloration of Roma variety tomatoes. LIPEF treatment has the potential to be utilized in food processing industries to improve the quality and nutritional value of tomato-based products.
Assessment of Levels of Occupational Stress among the Intensive Care Workers in a Selected Hospital in Lagos State
Authors: Adeyemi Samuel Sogo, , Adeyemi Ayopo Felicia, , Ogunbanwo Ogadinma Mary, , Oshunpidan Adekunbi, Omowunmi, , Fatungase Oluwabunmi Motunrayo, 
Published: April 2024

Background: Working in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) comes with a great deal of physical, emotional, and psychological strain that can get worse with time if not properly managed. Numerous factors contribute to the extreme levels of stress experienced by healthcare professionals, such as long and demanding work hours, the burden of paperwork and legal matters, the disruption of work-life balance, the complexity of shared decision-making, and the high expectations placed ICU workers by on both patients and carers. Some outcomes of occupational stress among intensive care workers include bad safety culture, poor standard of care for patients and depression.
Research Objective: The Purpose of the study was to ascertain the levels of occupational stress among the intensive care workers of a hospital.
Methodology: The research was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). An aggregate of 108 intensive care workers were sampled for the study. A pre-tested, semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to gather the data, and the statistical package for social sciences, SPSS version, was used for analysis. The means and standard deviations, or the median and interquartile range, were used to express continuous variables. The expressions for categorical variables were frequencies accompanied by percentages. The study employed chi square statistics to evaluate the correlation between categorical variables.
Results: There is an average prevalence of stress among intensive care workers of LASUTH.
Recommendation: Staff sshould undergo training on stress handling, in order to be able to manage their individual stressors and reduce the overall stress.
Analysis of Complete Organic Semiconductor Devices by Laser Desorption/Ionization Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Scholz Sebastian , Walzer Karsten , Leo Karl 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this contribution, it is shown that the method of laser‐desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LDI‐TOF‐MS) is a powerful technique for analyzing complete organic devices, such as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) or organic solar cells. LDI‐TOF‐MS has the potential to analyze fully processed organic devices without special pretreatment such as dissolving the device, peeling off the metal cathode, or using additional matrix materials. Thus, devices may be analysed as they are with a minimum of measurement artefacts. It is demonstrated that the method allows an analysis of complex organic multilayer devices, their composition, and incorporated impurities. It even allows possible electrochemical reaction products caused by device degradation to be analyzed. Thus, LDI‐TOF‐MS has major advantages compared to measurements of dissolved samples. As an example, the identification of all of the materials used in a complete OLED is shown. Furthermore, a detailed chemical analysis of long‐term driven OLEDs, including the detection of degradation products, is presented. From these data, several degradation mechanisms can be distinguished.
Fabrication of radial ZnO nanowire clusters and radial ZnO/PVDF composites with enhanced dielectric properties
Authors: Wang Guangsheng , Deng Yuan , Xiang Yan , Guo Lin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractUsing an improved microemulsion process novel ZnO nanostructures can be prepared on a large scale. These radial ZnO nanowires grow on hexagonal prism tips and form nanowire clusters. A detailed study of variations in dielectric properties dependent on frequency and temperature shows that composites of radial ZnO and PVDF have significantly higher dielectric constants and exhibit better thermal stability than bulk ZnO/PVDF composites as well as showing a low percolation threshold. Already a low content of radial ZnO increases the dielectric constant of the polymer matrix significantly to a value above 100.
Defect Tolerance and Nanomechanics in Transistors that Use Semiconductor Nanomaterials and Ultrathin Dielectrics
Authors: Ahn Jong‐Hyun , Zhu Zhengtao , Park Sang‐Il , Xiao Jianliang , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper describes experimental and theoretical studies of the mechanics of free‐standing nanoribbons and membranes of single‐crystalline silicon transfer printed onto patterned dielectric layers. The results show that analytical descriptions of the mechanics agree well with experimental data, and they explicitly reveal how the geometry of dielectric layers (i.e., the width and depth of the features of relief) and the silicon (i.e., the thickness and widths of the ribbons) affect mechanical bowing (i.e., “sagging”) in the suspended regions of the silicon. This system is of practical importance in the use of semiconductor nanomaterials for electronic devices, because incomplete sagging near defects in gate dielectrics provides a level of robustness against electrical shorting in those regions which exceeds that associated with conventional deposition techniques for thin films. Field effect transistors formed using silicon nanoribbons transferred onto a range of ultrathin gate dielectrics, including patterned epoxy, organic self‐assembled monolayers, and HfO2, demonstrate these concepts.
Aqueous Deposition of Ultraviolet Luminescent Columnar Tin‐Doped Indium Hydroxide Films
Authors: Qiu Yu , Bellina Paul , Jeurgens Lars P. H. , Leineweber Andreas , Welzel Udo , Gerstel Peter , Jiang Linqin , van Aken Peter A. , Bill Joachim , Aldinger Fritz 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIndium tin oxide (ITO) has attracted intense interest as the most important transparent conducting oxide (TCO) that sees wide use in many opto‐electronic and photo‐chemical devices. The goal of this study is to explore the possibility of depositing ITO thin films using a bioinspired aqueous deposition route as an alternative. On the surface of sulfonated‐self assembled monolayers, Sn‐doped indium hydroxide films are obtained via a hydrogen peroxide‐assisted method. As a result, the as‐deposited indium tin hydroxide films possess a single hexagonal phase of In(OH)3· xH2O (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) with Sn doping percentage of (1.7 ± 0.2) at % and a column‐like hierachical microstructure. Structural, compositional and property studies, including electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, photoelectron spectroscopy, optical transmittance, photoluminescence and four‐probe conductivity measurements, are conducted. The possible mechanism based on oriented attachment is discussed for the film growth. Strong room temperature photoluminescence within the near UV range is observed in the case of Sn‐doped, but not in the one of the pure In(OH)3· xH2O films. Annealing of the indium tin hydroxide films above 200 °C gives nanocrystalline Sn:In2O3 films with higher UV and visible transparency and electrical conductivity compared with those of pure In2O3 films. The influence of annealing atmosphere is investigated.
An Alternative Copolymer of Carbazole and Thieno[3,4b]‐Pyrazine: Synthesis and Mercury Detection
Authors: Zou Yingping , Wan Meixiu , Sang Guangyi , Ye Mingfu , Li Yongfang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) alternative copolymer of carbazole and thieno[3,4b]‐pyrazine [P(CZ‐TPZ)] is synthesized through a Wittig–Horner reaction. In dilute THF solution, the absorption spectrum of P(CZ‐TPZ) shows two absorption peaks at 306 and 452 nm, respectively, and the PL spectrum of the polymer solution displays a PL peak maximum at 543 nm. The polymer possesses relatively high sensitivity and selectivity for Hg2+ detection. Upon addition of Hg2+ into its THF solution (containing 0.3% CH3CN), P(CZ‐TPZ) exhibits a new absorption peak at 560∼600 nm and its emission was quenched dramatically. The Hg2+ detection shows high selectivity in comparison with the other cations of Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Al3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Co2+. The Hg2+ detection limit of the polymer solution by emission quenching is found to be 1 × 10−7 mol L−1. P(CZ‐TPZ) also shows a selective chromogenic behavior toward Hg2+ with color change of the solution from yellow to blue dark which can be detected with the naked eye, the detection limit reaches 1 × 10−6 mol L−1 with a 1 × 10−4 mol L−1 polymer solution. The absorption and PL spectral change can be resumed after adding thiourea, therefore the sensing ability of the polymer is re‐usable with the treatment of thiourea. The results indicate that P(CZ‐TPZ) is a promising chemosensor for the Hg2+ detection.
Sensor Paints
Authors: Wolfbeis Otto S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFluorescence microscopy is widely used for chemical imaging of intrinsically fluorescent chemical species, such as chlorophylls, or nonfluorescent species (e.g., DNA) that have been labeled appropriately or to which a relevant molecular probe has been added. However, there are numerous analytes that neither have an intrinsic luminescence nor can be rendered luminescent with the help of labels or probes. Such parameters include oxygen, pH, CO2, ammonia, and glucose. There are also numerous applications where the 2D distribution of a chemical or physical parameter is of interest. The use of a “sensor paint” is ideal in such situations. The state of this new technology is discussed herein with emphasis on current and future trends, for example, the use of pressure‐ and temperature‐sensitive paints; known technological limitations are also discussed. These “paints” respond to a (bio)chemical parameter with a change in their optical properties. The object of interest is painted and the color or fluorescence of the paint is monitored by optical imaging. This technique enables monitoring of physical and chemical parameters, over relatively large areas and in real time.magnified image
Postfamine stature and socioeconomic status in Ireland
Authors: Young Kristin , Relethford John H. , Crawford Michael H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPrevious research has documented socioeconomic stratification of secular trend in height in historical populations. Using data from 4,900 males and 1,430 females born between 1840 and 1910 collected as part of the Harvard Anthropological Survey of Ireland (1934–1936), this study examined the secular changes in postfamine Ireland using several socioeconomic variables, including: occupation, migration, education, siblings, birthplace, and occupation of father and mother's father. Correlations were also calculated between height and various historical economic indices. Significant differences in the height of Irish males were found by occupation, education, and socioeconomic status of father and maternal grandfather. Males employed in agriculture, or whose fathers or grandfathers were so employed, were significantly taller than other males. For the smaller female sample, only occupation and grandfather's socioeconomic status had a significant impact on height. An inverse correlation was also found between the British Cost of Living Index (BCL) and male heights. Our results suggest that availability of resources plays an important role in the overall nutritional status reflected in terminal adult height. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and trapping properties of dithiocarbamate macromolecule heavy‐metal flocculants
Authors: Zheng Huai‐li , Sun Xiu‐ping , He Qiang , Liang Kun , Zhang Peng 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe synthesis and trapping properties of dithiocarbamate macromolecule heavy‐metal flocculants (DMHMFs) were studied. DMHMFs were synthesized through the reaction of polymine with carbon disulfide under alkaline conditions. The dosage of sodium hydroxide, carbon disulfide, and polymine and the reaction temperature and time were studied in detail. The flocculants were detected and characterized with IR spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and solubility measurements. The trapping and removal properties of DMHMFs with respect to some heavy‐metal ions were also studied. The results showed that a proposed trapping agent had good trapping and removal properties with respect to some heavy‐metal ions in a wide pH range. The removal rates of copper(II) and lead(II) were up to 99.44 and 98.74%, respectively. In comparison with traditional inorganic chemical precipitation agents, the formation and precipitation of the flocs were quicker, and the dosage of the trapping agent was lower. In addition, in the precipitation processes, other flocculants did not need to be added, so the treatment process was simple. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Novel superabsorbent cellulose‐based hydrogels crosslinked with citric acid
Authors: Demitri Christian , Del Sole Roberta , Scalera Francesca , Sannino Alessandro , Vasapollo Giuseppe , Maffezzoli Alfonso , Ambrosio Luigi , Nicolais Luigi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis work is focused on the preparation of new environmentally friendly hydrogels derived from cellulose and hence originating from renewable resources and characterized by biodegradable properties. Two cellulose derivatives, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), were used for superabsorbent hydrogel preparation. Citric acid (CA), a crosslinking agent able to overcome toxicity and costs associated with other crosslinking reagents, was selected in a heat activated reaction. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and swelling measurements were performed during the reaction progress to investigate the CA reactivity with each of the polymers. Also, CMCNa/HEC polymer mixtures (3/1 w/w) crosslinked with CA were investigated and compared with previous results. Finally, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Phthalonitrile‐epoxy blends: Cure behavior and copolymer properties
Authors: Dominguez Dawn D. , Keller Teddy M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBinary blends composed of 4,4′‐bis(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl (biphenyl PN) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (epoxy resin) and oligomeric n = 4 phthalonitrile (n = 4 PN) and epoxy resin were prepared. The cure behavior of the blends was studied under dynamic and isothermal curing conditions using differential scanning calorimetry, simultaneous thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and rheological analysis. The studies revealed that phthalonitrile‐epoxy blends exhibited good processability and that they copolymerized with or without the addition of curing additive. In the absence of curing additive, the blends required higher temperatures and longer cure times. The thermal and dynamic viscoelastic properties of amine‐cured phthalonitrile‐epoxy copolymers were examined and compared with those of the neat epoxy resin. The properties of the epoxy resin improved with increasing biphenyl PN content and with n = 4 PN addition. Specifically, the copolymers exhibited higher glass transition temperatures, increased thermal and thermo‐oxidative stabililty, and enhanced dynamic mechanical properties relative to the commercially available epoxy resin. The results showed that the phthalonitrile‐epoxy blends and copolymers have an attractive combination of processability and high temperature properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Influence of climatic ageing on the mechanical properties and the microstructure of low‐density polyethylene films
Authors: Chabira S. F. , Sebaa M. , G'sell C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBlown extruded films of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) have been subjected to climatic ageing in a sub‐Saharan facility at Laghouat (Algeria) with direct exposure to sun. Samples were characterized by complementary techniques after prescribed amounts of time up to 8 months. It was shown by tensile testing that the mechanical properties are quite sensitive to ageing: (i) the elastic modulus increases and saturates, (ii) the tensile stress increases slightly, and (iii) the rupture energy decreases dramatically after 4 months weathering. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) were performed to identify the evolution of the polymer microstructure. The FTIR spectra reveal the initial presence of vinylidene groups that exhaust rapidly after 4 months ageing. Also, it detects the progressive multiplication of vinyl groups and oxidation products of many kinds. The NMR technique revealed specifically the carbon–carbon configurations in the polymer chains. By contrast to the original film that contained almost exclusively butyl chain branches, the aged specimens presented shorter ramifications, namely ethyl branches. Also, the presence of quaternary atoms was detected after long ageing times. The discussion of these complementary results in the light of current literature makes possible to identify the leading mechanisms that control the decay of LDPE film properties. Although these mechanisms are numerous and complex, they can be schematically summarized within three main classes: oxidation, scission, and crosslinking. Each class is discussed in details. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
New 2‐Amino‐thiazole‐4‐acetamides with Antiplatelet Activity
Authors: Rehse Klaus , Baselt Tobias 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn the Born test, 23 title compounds were synthesized and investigated for their antiplatelet activities against collagen, ADP, adrenaline, and platelet‐activating factor (PAF) as inducers of the aggregation. Using collagen, three compounds with IC50 values below 10 μM were found (3a, 3b, 3c) and 15 compounds with IC50 values between 10 and 100 μM were determined. In general, a cyclohexylamino rest on an 4‐carboxamide moiety is a pre‐requisite for this pharmacological activity. A clear dependence from the substituent R1 in the structural element Y is observed. The same is true for the spacer n in the 4‐carboxamide substituent. Compound 3e showed strong ADP‐antagonistic effects (IC50 = 2.2 nM); 3c antagonized adrenaline (IC50 = 2.8 nM), while 3n was highly effective against platelet‐activating factor (IC50 = 0.2 μM).
Novel Nitrofurazone Derivatives Endowed with Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Brondani Dalci J. , Caetano Nelly , de M. Moreira Diogo R. , Soares Rogério R. , Lima Vânia T. , de Araújo Janete M. , de Abreu Fabiane C. , de Oliveira Boaz G. , Hernandes Marcelo Z. , Leite Ana C. L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe N‐alkylated derivatives from nitrofurazone were synthesised and evaluated in vitro for their efficacy as antimicrobial agents against representative strains, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The derivative 2a demonstrated greater activity than the prototype and was comparable to currently used antimicrobial drugs.
Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Some Novel 3,5‐Disubstituted‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Gangal Saloni , Rauf Abdul , Zahin Maryam 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA rapid and efficient one‐pot condensation reaction of long‐chain alkyl and alkenyl acid hydrazides and nitriles was carried out to afford 3,5‐disubstituted‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles. The compounds 5a–o were screened for in‐vitro antibacterial activity against the representative panel of two Gram‐positive and two Gram‐negative bacteria. All the synthesized compounds were also tested for their inhibitory action against five strains of fungi. The various compounds show potent inhibitory action against test organisms. The compounds 5a–o were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data.
Enantioselective Synthesis of the Fully Functionalized ABC Ring of Zoanthenol
Authors: Sugano Naoki , Koizumi Yuuki , Hirai Go , Oguri Hiroki , Kobayashi Shoji , Yamashita Shuji , Hirama Masahiro 
Published: August 2008

AbstractZoanthenol, isolated from Zoanthus sp., possesses an extremely complex architecture including contiguous quaternary carbons. An enantioselective synthesis of the fully functionalized ABC‐ring of zoanthenol has been achieved and is described herein. The key features of the synthesis are the enzymatic kinetic optical resolution and the Mizoroki–Heck/Simmons–Smith reaction strategy used to construct the congested asymmetric quaternary carbons.
Total duration of negative surplus for the dual model
Authors: Song Min , Wu Rong , Zhang Xin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn the dual model, we allow the surplus process to continue if the surplus falls below zero. By introducing the renewal measure of the defective renewal sequence constituted by the zero points of the surplus process, we obtain the probability of hitting the zero point. Further, we derive formulae for the Laplace transform, expectation and variance of total duration of negative surplus and present some examples with an exponential individual jump amount distribution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The compound Poisson process perturbed by a diffusion with a threshold dividend strategy
Authors: Yuen Kam C. , Lu Yuhua , Wu Rong 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the compound Poisson process perturbed by a diffusion in the presence of the so‐called threshold dividend strategy. Within this framework, we prove the twice continuous differentiability of the expected discounted value of all dividends until ruin. We also derive integro‐differential equations for the expected discounted value of all dividends until ruin and obtain explicit expressions for the solution to the equations. Along the same line, we establish explicit expressions for the Laplace transform of the time of ruin and the Laplace transform of the aggregate dividends until ruin. In the case of exponential claims, some examples are provided. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.