bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonography for diagnosis and follow‐up of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage
Authors: Pery Menucha , Kaftori Joseph K. , Bar‐Maor J. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNeonatal adrenal hemorrhage was diagnosed by ultrasound as an echo‐free mass superior to downward displaced normal kidneys in three newborns. In one, the adrenal hemorrhage was bilateral. Fine needle aspiration was performed to confirm the diagnosis in one case. The babies were followed‐up until adrenal calcifications were seen on ultrasound as linear echoes with posterior acoustic shadowing. These calcifications were confirmed by plain films. It is suggested that the diagnosis of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage should be based on ultrasound and on one initial intravenous urogram. Follow‐up examinations should be restricted to ultrasound and plain films. In doubtful cases fine needle aspiration can be added for confirmation.
Evaluation of the lower extremities
Authors: Lenkey Joseph L. , Skolnick M. Leon , Slasky B. Simon , Campbell William L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Octoson, an automated, water‐delay ultrasonic scanner, that provides excellent demonstration of the normal anatomy of subcutaneous tissues, muscles, and blood vessels, was used to evaluate the lower extremities of 25 patients. A variety of pathologic conditions were demonstrated, including popliteal cysts, hematomas, an abscess, and an aneurysm.
Evaluation of three methods for obtaining fetal weight estimates using dynamic image ultrasound
Authors: Deter Russell L. , Hadlock Frank P. , Harrist Ronald B. , Carpenter Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effectiveness of three methods (Campbell and Wilkin,6 Warsof,3 Warsof et al4) for estimating fetal weight from measurements of the abdominal circumference (AC) and biparietal diameter (BPD) has been evaluated in 125 patients studied with dynamic image ultrasound. Investigations of the population as a whole indicated that the Campbell‐Wilkin and Warsof methods systematically overestimated the weight (mean deviation: 5.3% and 1.6%, respectively), while the method of Warsof et al gave systematic underestimations (mean deviation: – 3.2%). The variability of the two Warsof methods was similar (SD: 8.8% and 8.4%) and significantly lower than that seen with the Campbell‐Wilkin method (SD: 13.9%). When separate weight subclasses (500 gm to 4500 gm) were examined, the mean deviations and their variability were significantly lower with the two Warsof methods. The method of Warsof3 showed the most consistency among the weight subclasses. These results indicate that of these three methods, the best estimates of fetal weight are provided by the Warsof3 procedure.
Abdominal ultrasound in advanced ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Paling Michael R. , Shawker Thomas H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrasonic appearance of pelvic tumor and intra‐abdominal dissemination is reported in 57 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. The primary pelvic tumor was found to be solid or mixed solid‐cystic. In no case was the primary malignancy exclusively cystic. In 23 patients, intra‐abdominal extrapelvic tumor was detectable, and in eight patients there were solid liver metastases. The usefulness of both static and real‐time ultrasound scanning in detecting stage III and IV disease is discussed.
Cerebrovascular assessment using a doppler carotid scanner and real‐time frequency analysis
Authors: Johnston Kenneth W. , deMorais Domingos , Kassam Mahmood , Brown Peter M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of two methods for noninvasively diagnosing carotid disease are described. In the first study, a color‐coded continuous‐wave Doppler scanner was used. As evaluated by arteriography in 56 sides, the sensitivity and specificity of the Doppler scanner for diagnosing carotid lesions with greater than 50% stenosis was 71% and 82%, respectively. We found that many of our initial problems could be overcome by the concomitant use of a real‐time frequency analyzer. Specifically, when the Doppler waveforms were displayed, we found that: 1) signals that had been attenuated by calcification or plaques, or had reduced velocity as a result of a proximal stenosis, could still be detected; 2) when the velocity of flow was increased to compensate for a contralateral carotid stenosis, the waveforms could still be of diagnostic value; 3) distinguishing between the internal and external carotid arteries was easier than relying on the audio signal alone; 4) when the scan showed internal carotid occlusion, morphological evaluation of the external and common carotid waveforms was helpful in verifying the scan result; and 5) artifactual noise on the Doppler waveform could be recognized. In the second study, frequency analysis recordings were evaluated semiquantitatively by measuring peak frequency and the fractional width of the Doppler frequency spectrum at peak systole. Our preliminary results show that this approach is of diagnostic value in that it has the potential to detect minor stenoses.
Ultrasound in the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Authors: Rankin Richard N. , Hutton Linda C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOvarian hyperstimulation syndrome is well recognized clinically, usually in association with drug therapy for infertility. The ultrasonic appearance of the ovarian cystic enlargment in ten patients with the findings on follow‐up in six patients is described. The role of ultrasound in this condition is shown to be in diagnosis, for staging, and follow‐up.
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with hydrops of the gallbladder diagnosed by ultrasound
Authors: Koss James C. , Coleman Beverly G. , Mulhern Charles B. , Arger Peter H. , Tuchman David N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne of the complications of the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome is acute hydrops of the gallbladder. Although surgery may be required occasionally, spontaneous resolution of gallbladder hydrops in patients is common. Ultrasound is the optimal method for evaluating these patients.
Intrauterine membranes: Sonographic findings and clinical significance
Authors: Burrows Patricia E. , Lyons Edward A. , Phillips Harold J. , Oates Ian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have identified six cases of chorioamniotic separation, three diagnosed in the third trimester and three cases seen in early pregnancy, at or prior to 16 wk' gestation. The sonographic findings consist of a fine mobile echodense line separated from the chorion and uterine wall by a lucent space. The membrane may completely surround the fetus and may extend over the fetal surface of the placenta, in which case the chorion may be identified as a separate echo. Two patients with chorioamniotic separation in the third trimester had polyhydramnios. The infants had no manifestations of amniotic band syndrome. The membranes seen in four other conditions are described and compared with chorioamniotic separation.
The use of ultrasound in the detection of intrauterine growth retardation: A review
Authors: Deter Russell L. , Harrist Ronald B. , Hadlock Frank P. , Carpenter Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis review discusses the problem of detecting intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) with ultrasound. A new procedure for standardizing the reporting of such studies is presented. Using this standard format, the results obtained by various investigators using a variety of parameters are summarized, compared and evaluated. Suggestions for standardizing such investigations are presented.
Evaluating doppler devices using a moving string test target
Authors: Walker Andrew R. , Philips David J. , Powers Jeffry E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo moving string test targets have been developed and used to characterize ultrasound Doppler instrumentation. The characteristics investigated were sample volume size and location. The tests were performed on a combined echo/Doppler instrument and on an annular array system. The procedures can be carried out routinely in the clinical laboratory to ensure that the instrument is working properly or as an aid for correct interpretation of acquired data.
Evaluation of the peak frequency ratio (PFR) measurement in the detection of internal carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Keagy Blair A. , Pharr William F. , Thomas David , Bowles Donald E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe peak frequency ratio (PFR) between the internal carotid and common carotid artery Fast Fourier Transform Spectral Analysis patterns has been used to identify patients with internal carotid artery stenosis. To evaluate further the accuracy of the PFR, we applied it to the spectral analysis data from 396 vessels whose sound signals were obtained with a Duplex scanner (pulsed Doppler) and 246 arteries whose audible flow data were generated by a continuous‐wave Doppler. The pulse Doppler with spectral analysis (PD/SA) correctly identified 221/254 (87%) of the vessels with less than 50% angiographic stenosis, 81/100 (81%) of the arteries with 50–99% stenosis, and 35/42 (83%) of the totally occluded internal carotid vessels for an overall accuracy of 85%. The continuous‐wave Doppler with spectral analysis (CW/SA) did well in two categories but had an unacceptably high 47% false‐negative rate for arteries with 50–99% stenosis. The PFR when applied to PD/SA test results is a useful parameter in screening patients with suspected internal carotid artery stenosis.
Microbubble formation: In vitro and in vivo observation
Authors: Kort Arthur , Kronzon Itzhak 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInjection of liquid through a catheter into the circulation is known to produce clouds of signals detected by sonography. Blood forced through a stenotic conduit produced sonographic clouding, and bubbles of 10–100 μm were observed by light microscopy. The microbubbles persisted up to three and a half minutes. Microbubbles were observed in the microcirculation of the rat by placing the catheter tip into the descending aorta of 15 animals, viewing the mesentery at 400X magnification, and recording the results on videotape. Following injection of the rats' own blood, numerous microbubbles lodged promptly at the arteriolar level and obstructed blood flow for up to 200 sec before shrinking sufficiently to pass downstream and allow restitution of flow.
Focused transducer beams in tissue‐mimicking material
Authors: Zagzebski James A. , Banjavic Richard A. , Madsen Ernest L. , Schwabe Mark 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA comparison is made between pulse echo response profiles obtained in water and profiles obtained in a tissue‐mimicking (TM) material for clinical ultrasound transducers. The TM material is assumed to provide a more accurate indication of actual beam profiles in soft tissue because of the presence of frequency‐dependent attenuation in the material. Pulse echo response profiles measured in the TM medium demonstrate a reduction in the focal distance and degraded resolution distal to the focal distance, in comparison to profiles obtained in water.
The role of ultrasound in the study of polycystic ovarian disease
Authors: Parisi Luigi , Tramonti Maria , Casciano Silvio , Zurli Alberto , Gazzarrini Oscar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeventy‐eight patients with clinical findings pointing to possible polycystic ovarian disease (POD) were studied by ultrasound examination. The endocrine status of each patient was evaluated by assay of blood progesterone levels and gonadotropin luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone (LH‐FSH), both under basal conditions and after luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LH‐RH) and androgen hormone stimulation (testosterone and 17‐ketosteroids under basal conditions and after a suppression test with dexamethasone). POD was diagnosed in nine cases and confirmed in four at operation. Ultrasound examination as an aid to POD diagnosis is discussed and its value underlined as a precise method in determining ovarian size, shape, and structure, and as a follow‐up for patients after surgery.
The timing of a repeat ultrasound examination in the evaluation for ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Kadar Nicholas , Romero Roberto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method is described for timing a repeat ultrasound examination in patients evaluated for ectopic pregnancy in whom the findings are initially nondiagnostic. This method is based on measuring the serum hCG at the time of the initial ultrasound examination, which allows the time interval required for the serum hCG to exceed 6500 mIU/ml to be calculated. When the serum hCG is above this level, the gestational sac of an intrauterine pregnancy can be reliably identified, and failure to do so signifies ectopic gestation. Seven patients referred for ultrasound to rule out ectopic pregnancy had initially nondiagnostic findings. In each case, a correctly‐timed repeat examination, demonstrating a gestational sac, enabled the diagnosis to be excluded.
Real‐time ultrasound and pulsed doppler evaluation of the retroplacental clear area
Authors: Smith David F. , Foley W. Dennis 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe retroplacental clear area is a hypoechoic region at the placental‐endometrial interfece which is frequently demonstrated with high‐resolution equipment. During pulsed Doppler examination of the retroplacental clear area, venous signals were obtained in 26 of 27 cases. This is strong evidence that this region is composed of dilated veins.
The clinical significance of dilatation of the collecting system in the transplanted kidney
Authors: Balchunas William R. , Hill Michael C. , Isikoff Michael B. , Morillo Gaston 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe significance of dilatation of the collecting system of the transplanted kidney and its relationship to bladder distention was reviewed in 39 renal recipients examined by sonography (94 studies). The degree of pelvicaliceal (PCS), ureteral, and bladder distention was graded and correlated with the 24‐hr urine output, nuclear renal scan, and clinical follow‐up. Marked PCS distention can indicate obstruction(33%), especially when there is no associated bladder distention (60%) and a fluid collection lies along the path of the ureter. The 24‐hr urine output did not influence the degree of PCS distention.
Empirical findings relating sample volume size to diagnostic accuracy in pulsed doppler cerebrovascular studies
Authors: Knox Robin A. , Phillips David J. , Breslau Paul J. , Lawrence Ramona , Primozich Jean , Strandness Donald E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonic duplex scanning has a sensitivity of 97% in detecting disease of the carotid bulb. However, the specificity is much less, being 37%. The error in distinguishing normal arteries from those with minimal disease appears to be in part related to the size of the sample volume of the pulsed Doppler. This paper addresses the importance of the features of scan head design in relation to distinguishing normal and diseased arteries.
Ultrasound evaluation of the posthysterectomy pelvis
Authors: Parulekar Suhas G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound findings in pelvic examinations of 80 patients with a previous hysterectomy are evaluated. Ovaries were located low in the pelvis close to the superior end of the vagina in a large number of patients. An enlarged ovary contiguous with the superior end of the vagina may simulate the appearance of the uterus. Occasionally, the superior end of the vagina or cervical remnant (in patients with a supracervical hysterectomy) may be prominent and should not be mistaken for a pathologic mass.
Transabdominal ultrasound in the evaluation of prostate size
Authors: Abu‐Yousef Monzer M. , Narayana Ambati S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper stresses the value of transabdominal ultrasound that utilizes basic ultrasound equipment in evaluating the size of the prostate. We performed ultrasound examinations on 43 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and in 33 of these, sonography was done prior to surgery in an effort to compare the size of the prostate estimated by ultrasound with that of the postoperative specimen. In the vast majority of these patients, the difference between the estimated size and that of the specimen was insignificant. Ultrasound examination is easy, fast, noninvasive and reasonably accurate.
M‐mode omnidirectional recordings obtained from two‐dimensional echocardiography
Authors: García‐Fernández Miguel Angel , Fiser Carlos Suzacq , Rohr Alvaro Beltran , Yanguela Mar Moreno , Garcia Fezmin Bañtuelos 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA simple and inexpensive procedure to obtain M‐mode tracings at any level or direction from two‐dimensional echocardiograms is described. The method permits a complete M‐mode visualization of (1) segmental motion of the cardiac walls, (2) structures difficult to reach with conventional procedures, and (3) two or more cardiac valves simultaneously.
Ultrasonographic features of prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Greenberg Mark , Neimen Harvey L. , Vogelzang Robert , Falkowski Walt 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOver an 18‐mo period, 93 prostate examinations were performed by a suprapubic transabdominal approach. By applying ultrasonographic tissue textural analysis, we were able to identify 16 out of 19 carcinomas. Most of these analyses showed ill‐defined focal abnormalities located either in the posterior or the posterior‐lateral portion of the gland. Ten of the analyses demonstrated increased echogenicity, while six demonstrated decreased echogenicity. Irregularity of the capsule was an unreliable sign in determining capsular invasion. The degree of extension appears to be better evaluated by computed tomography (CT). In conclusion, transabdominal ultrasound holds promise in the detection of prostatic carcinoma, while staging should be done by CT.
Ultrasound patterns of metastatic tumors in the gallbladder
Authors: Phillips Gail , Pochaczevsky Rubem , Goodman Joan , Kumari Sheila 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEleven cases of sonographically detected metastatic disease to the gallbladder are reported. This paper represents the first comprehensive review of the ultrasonographic findings in this not infrequently encountered disease process. Four distinctive sonographic diagnostic patterns have evolved and are described. The suspicion of metastatic tumors in the gallbladder should be raised, particularly in the presence of focal gallbladder wall thickening in association with nonshadowing intraluminal soft tissue masses. In contrast to primary carcinomas of the gallbladder, cholelithiasis usually is absent. The differential diagnosis, which includes various benign conditions of the gallbladder, is discussed.
Evaluation of right ventricular and right atrial size in children with atrial septal defect using two‐dimensional apex echocardiography
Authors: Fontana Gregory P. , Kirkman Jason H. , Disessa Thomas G. , Hagan Arthur D. , Hiriashi Satoshi , Isabel‐Jones Josephine , Friedman William F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ability of two‐dimensional apex echocardiography to evaluate right ventricular and right atrial size was evaluated in 43 normal children and compared with 20 patients with a secundum atrial septal defect. From the apical four chamber view, the long axis length and short axis diameter of the right ventricle and right atrium were measured. The end‐diastolic area of the right ventricle and end‐systolic area of the right atrium were determined by planimetry. These data were indexed for body surface area. When compared with normal subjects, the area index of the right atrium and right ventricle were enlarged significantly in patients with a secundum atrial septal defect (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Mean values for the short axis dimension of the right ventricle and for the short axis and long axis diameter of the right atrium were greater in atrial septal defect patients than in normal subjects (p < 0.001 for all). However, when both groups were compared, considerable overlap existed between the dimension measurements. Right ventricular long axis length failed to separate the two groups. Thus, two‐dimensional apex echocardiography provides a noninvasive means of assessing right ventricular and right atrial size in children with an atrial septal defect.
Papillary renal cell carcinoma: Ultrasonic/pathologic correlation
Authors: Blei C. Lynne , Hartman David S. , Friedman Arnold C. , Davis Charles J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPapillary renal cell carcinoma represents a separate clinicopathologic entity distinguished from nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma by angiography, microscopic pathology, and biological behavior. We correlated retrospectively 11 surgically proven papillary renal cell carcinomas with ultrasound patterns and gross pathologic findings. In addition, we reviewed retrospectively 65 surgically proven cases of nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma for sonographic patterns. Seven of 11 (64%) of the papillary tumors were less echogenic than the ipsilateral renal cortex (hypoechoic). Only 23% of the nonpapillary tumors were hypoechoic. These data suggest that renal papillary carcinoma tends to be hypoechoic on ultrasound. In most of the papillary cases, this hypoechoic pattern was due to a large central area of cystic necrosis within the tumor.
Extrahepatic bile ducts in healthy subjects, in patients with cholelithiasis, and in postcholecystectomy patients: A prospective ultrasonic study
Authors: Niederau Claus , Müller Jürgen , Sonnenberg Amnon , Scholten Theodor , Erckenbrecht Joachim , Fritsch Wolf‐P. , Brüuster Theodor , Strohmeyer Georg 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine the average diameter and the upper normal limit of the common bile duct in healthy man, 830 blood donors were examined by ultrasound. The mean diameter was 2.5 ± 1.1 mm (SD) at the porta hepatis and 2.8 ± 1.2 mm (SD) at the widest point, the regression coefficient between both diameters being r = 0.84. None of the healthy subjects had a diameter larger than 7 mm at any site, and in 95% of all subjects the diameters were less than 4 mm at both sites of measurement. The diameters were significantly correlated with age (r = 0.16) and weight (r = 0.11), but not with sex, height, and body surface area. In 73 patients with cholelithiasis and in 55 patients after cholecystectomy, all of whom lacked clinical or laboratory signs of biliary obstruction, the average diameters at the porta hepatis were 3.8 ± 2.0 mm and 5.2 ± 2.3 mm, and at the widest point 4.8 ± 2.2 mm and 6.2 ± 2.5 mm, respectively. It is concluded that a common bile duct with any sonographic diameter larger than 4 mm should be followed closely and evaluated further with clinical examinations such as intravenous cholangiography unless cholecystectomy has been performed.
Ultrasound and radionuclide biliary scanning in acute pediatric abdominal pain
Authors: McGahan John P. , Phillips Harold E. , Stadalnik Robert C. , Cox Kenneth L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeven pediatric patients (ages 2–14) who presented with acute abdominal symptomatology and an abnormal cholecystosonogram are reviewed. Etiologies of the abnormal sonograms included: hepatitis (3 of 7), acalculous cholecystitis (1 of 7), calculous cholecystitis (1 of 7), cholangitis with associated cholecystitis (1 of 7), and chronic active hepatitis with low serum albumin (1 of 7). The combined use of the sonogram and the radionuclide biliary scan is helpful in predicting and distinguishing between cases of cholecystitis and uncomplicated hepatitis.