bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris in a HIV‐Positive Patient (Type 6 PRP)
Authors: De Dipankar , Dogra Sunil , Narang Tarun , Radotra Bishan Dass , Kanwar Amrinder Jit 
Published: February 2008

A 45‐year‐old previously healthy man presented with minimally itchy spiny papular lesions of 3 years' duration and discharging nodular cystic lesions for the past 2 years. Initially, lesions appeared on his ears, followed by the gradual appearance of similar lesions over his face, back, and extremities. The lesions were not associated with photosensitivity. Over the years, the patient continued to have similar lesions without any significant response to various topical medications and oral antibiotics. There was no history of fever or any other systemic complaints and the patient denied any other significant medical problems in the past. Cutaneous examination revealed multiple, grouped, spiny papular lesions coalescing to form plaques at places over the ears, extremities, and trunk (Figure 1). Elongated, horny, follicular spires were noted on the top of the papular lesions. Multiple discharging nodular lesions with crusting were seen predominantly over the chest, abdomen, and back (Figure 2), and closed comedonal lesions were noted on the face and trunk. Multiple orange‐brown scaly plaques were seen over the extensor aspect of the patient's thighs (Figure 1, inset). A few nails showed wedge‐shaped thickening without subungual hyperkeratosis or other nail changes. Palms, soles, and oral mucosa were normal. Considering the atypical cutaneous findings, the clinical possibility of pityriasis rubra pilaris (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]‐associated type 6 PRP) was considered. Hematoxylin and eosin stain of skin biopsy specimens taken from the spiny papular and plaque lesions revealed marked hyperkeratosis with alternating orthokeratosis and parakeratosis with follicular keratotic plugging (Figure 3; Figure 3, inset). Irregular broad acanthosis was also detected in the epidermis. Dermis showed moderate perivascular lymphomononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. Thus, the skin biopsy was consistent with PRP. HIV serology by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with 3 different kits was found to be positive for HIV‐1. The patient denied any risk factors associated with acquiring HIV infection, and laboratory values for complete blood cell count, routine serum biochemical profile, and lipid profile were normal. The patient was prescribed oral isotretinoin and asked to come for follow‐up for CD4 T‐cell count, but did not return. Spiny follicular papules with hyperkeratosis spires emerging from top over the ear. Closed comedones can be appreciated on the face. (Inset) Psoriasiform plaques with spiny follicular papules over left thigh. image Nodules with discharge and crust over back. image Hyperkeratosis with parakeratosis, irregular broad acanthosis, and follicular keratotic plugging at places (hematoxylineosin stain, original magnification ×10). (Inset) Parakeratotic plugging with perivascular lymphomononuclear infiltrate (hematoxylin‐eosin stain ×40). image
Facial Porokeratosis
Authors: Carranza Dafnis C. , Haley Jennifer C. , Chiu Melvin 
Published: February 2008

A 34‐year‐old man from El Salvador was referred to our clinic with a 10‐year history of a pruritic erythematous facial eruption. He reported increased pruritus and scaling of lesions when exposed to the sun. He worked as a construction worker and admitted to frequent sun exposure. Physical examination revealed well‐circumscribed erythematous to violaceous papules with raised borders and atrophic centers localized to the nose (Figure 1). He did not have lesions on the arms or legs. He did not report a family history of similar lesions. A biopsy specimen was obtained from the edge of a lesion on the right ala. Histologic examination of the biopsy specimen showed acanthosis of the epidermis with focal invagination of the corneal layer and a homogeneous column of parakeratosis in the center of that layer consistent with a cornoid lamella (Figure 2). Furthermore, the granular layer was absent at the cornoid lamella base. The superficial dermis contained a sparse, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. No evidence of dysplasia or malignancy was seen. These findings supported a diagnosis of porokeratosis. The patient underwent a trial of cryotherapy with moderate improvement of the facial lesions. Circumsribed erythematous papules with raised borders and atrophic centers. image (A) Skin biopsy specimen from the edge of the right ala showing hyperkeratosis and focal porokerastosis (hematoxylineosin stain, original magnification ×200). (B) Typical cornoid lamella (hematoxylineosin stain, original magnification ×400). image
A review and meta‐analysis of the impact of intestinal worms on child growth and nutrition
Authors: Hall Andrew , Hewitt Gillian , Tuffrey Veronica , De Silva Nilanthi 
Published: February 2008

Table of ContentsSummary1191. Introduction119 1.1 The gastrointestinal ecosystem119 1.2 Groups of intestinal parasitic worms that infect humans121   1.2.1 Flukes or trematodes121   1.2.2 Tapeworms or cestodes122   1.2.3 Roundworms or nematodes123 1.3 How worms may affect human nutrition and growth126 1.4 Design of studies estimating the impact of worms128 1.5 Aims1282. Factors affecting the impact of intestinal worms128 2.1 Species of intestinal worm128 2.2 Prevalence of infection129 2.3 Number and distribution of worms132 2.4 Duration of infection135 2.5 Rate of reinfection135 2.6 Summary1363. Factors affecting the impact of treatment137 3.1 Study design: controls and randomization138 3.2 Anthelmintic drugs138 3.3 Intervals between treatments141 3.4 Duration of follow‐up142 3.5 Outcomes measured and the need for controls142 3.6 Initial nutritional status143 3.7 Age of subjects144 3.8 Remedial therapy after treatment144 3.9 Summary1454. Aims and methods of the meta‐analysis145 4.1 Search terms145 4.2 Inclusion criteria146 4.3 Exclusion criteria147 4.4 Meta‐analysis1475. Results of the meta‐analysis147 5.1 Geographic origin of studies150 5.2 Estimates of effects150 5.3 The figures and how to interpret them150 5.4 Sources of error or bias1506. Discussion153 6.1 Magnitude of effects153 6.2 Treatment alone is not enough159 6.3 The Cochrane Collaboration Review161 6.4 Characteristics of an ideal study162 6.5 Implications for programmes163 6.6 Conclusions166Acknowledgements167References167Appendix: Summary of papers identified for the review177SummaryMore than a half of the world's population are infected with one or more species of intestinal worms of which the nematodesAscaris lumbricoides,Trichuris trichiuraand the hookworms are the most common and important in terms of child health. This paper: (1) introduces the main species of intestinal worms with particular attention to intestinal nematodes; (2) examines how such worms may affect child growth and nutrition; (3) reviews the biological and epidemiological factors that influence the effects that worms can have on the growth and nutrition of children; (4) considers the many factors that can affect the impact of treatment with anthelmintic drugs; (5) presents the results of a meta‐analysis of studies of the effect of treating worm infections on child growth and nutrition; (6) discusses the results in terms of what is reasonable to expect that deworming alone can achieve; (7) describes some important characteristics of an ideal study of the effects of deworming; and (8) comments on the implications for programmes of recommendations concerning mass deworming.
Developing recommendations for implementing the Australian Pain Society's pain management strategies in residential aged care
Authors: McConigley Ruth , Toye Christine , Goucke Roger , Kristjanson Linda J 
Published: February 2008

Objective:  This study aimed to develop recommendations and a related implementation resource ‘toolkit’ to facilitate implementation of pain management strategies in Australian Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACFs). Methods:  This qualitative study used written materials, focus groups and individual interviews to gather data from participants. Thirty‐four health‐care professionals with experience in the aged care sector were recruited from five Western Australian RACFs. General practitioners who had an interest in aged care were contacted via local general practice networks. Results:  Findings indicated that focused education sessions were needed to support implementation. A tailored toolkit was developed to assist the process. Funding and workforce constraints were found to be threats to complete implementation in some facilities. Conclusions:  A multifaceted approach is needed to promote the implementation of pain management strategies in RACFs. In particular, unlicensed care workers, who may have responsibility for recognising and reporting signs of pain, require further education to support their role in the pain management process.
Correlates of housing affordability stress among older Australians
Authors: Temple Jeromey B 
Published: February 2008

Objectives:  The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and correlates of housing affordability stress among community‐dwelling older Australians. Methods:  The 2002 ABS General Social Survey was used to measure the prevalence of housing affordability stress. Rare event logistic regression was used to measure the potential correlates of housing affordability stress. Results:  Almost 5% of Australians aged 55 years and older, and 20% of those younger than 55 years, are estimated to experience housing affordability stress. Men and women living alone are more likely to experience affordability stress when compared to couples. Low‐income earners, those with a consumer debt or who do not hold assets, are at a heightened risk of such stress. Home ownership, regardless of income, is the strongest buffer against housing affordability problems in old age. Conclusion:  Although the prevalence of housing affordability stress is low among older Australians when compared to the younger population, a definite social gradient exists in those at risk.
Widowhood and self‐rated health among Chinese elders: The effect of economic condition
Authors: Krochalk Pamela C , Li Yawen , Chi Iris 
Published: February 2008

Objective:  To examine the mediating effect of economic condition (income, work status, self‐rated financial situation and financial support) on widowhood and self‐rated health in elderly Chinese. Methods:  The study sample consists of 17 556 married and widowed elders age 60 and older selected from the nationwide 2000 Sample Survey on Aged Population in Urban/Rural China. Path analysis is used to identify the direct and indirect relationships of economic condition between widowhood and self‐rated health. Results:  Widowhood has a direct effect on self‐rated health for those widowed for more than 4 years. Work status and perceived financial situation mediate that relationship regardless of length of time widowed. Being older, male, less educated, and functionally healthy are associated with better self‐rated health among those widowed. Conclusions:  Work status and perceived financial situation have a more significant effect on widowhood and self‐rated health than income and financial support. The findings have cross‐cultural implications for developing elder care programs.
Inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation after hip fracture for residents of nursing homes: A randomised trial
Authors: Uy Cesar , Kurrle Susan E , Cameron Ian D 
Published: February 2008

Objective:  To determine the effectiveness of interdisciplinary rehabilitation for women with hip fracture who were residents of nursing homes. Design:  Randomised controlled trial. Subjects:  Eleven cognitively impaired women with hip fracture who were previously ambulant. Methods:  Participants were randomly allocated to usual care (discharge back to the nursing home soon after surgery to the hip fracture) or an inpatient interdisciplinary rehabilitation program. Results:  Participants were severely cognitively impaired and the majority used a walking aid prior to fracturing their hip. There was one early death, and at final follow up (4 months after hip fracture) median (range) Barthel Index was 28 (0–82) for control group and 68 (0–88) for the intervention group. Conclusion:  No definite conclusion can be drawn about the effectiveness of the intervention because of its premature termination. However, the study established that it is feasible to provide an interdisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fracture and severe disablement.
In vitro selection of mung bean and tomato for improving tolerance to NaCl
Authors: Hassan N.M. , Serag M.S. , El‐Feky F.M. , Nemat Alla M.M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMung bean and tomato were in vitro selected from cotyledons on MS medium for improved tolerance to NaCl. The growth responses; the Na, K, proline and anthocyanin contents; and activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL, EC 4.3.1) and chalcone isomerase (CI, EC 5.5.1.5) of the selected plants were characterised and compared with those of the original plants in relation to treatment with NaCl. The treatments significantly reduced fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots; the reduction was least pronounced in selected plants. Meanwhile, Na content was significantly increased; however, K was decreased, a trend that was obvious in original plants but withdrawn following in vitro selection with a consequent lowering in Na/K ratio. In addition, proline was greatly induced by NaCl; the induction was most pronounced in selected plants. Moreover, NaCl significantly increased anthocyanin and activities of PAL, TAL and CI in shoots and roots of both species; the increase was lesser in the selected than in the original plants. These findings indicated that selection of mung bean and tomato resulted in a recovery of growth, overproduction of proline and K and withdrawal of Na and secondary metabolism parameters relative to original plants pointing out to an improved tolerance to NaCl following in vitro selection.
Magnetic Properties of Synthetic Eumelanin—Preliminary Results†
Authors: Cano M. E. , Castañeda‐Priego R. , Gil‐Villegas A. , Sosa M. A. , Schio P. , De Oliveira A. J. A. , Chen F. , Baffa O. , Graeff C. F. O. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe report an experimental and theoretical study of magnetic properties of synthetic eumelanin. The magnetization curves are determined by using both a vibrating sample magnetometer and a superconducting quantum interferometer device in an extended range of magnetic fields ranging from −10 kOe to 10 kOe at different temperatures. We find that the eumelanin magnetization can be qualitatively explained in terms of a simple model of dipolar spheres with an intrinsic magnetic moment. The latter one is experimentally measured by using X‐band electron paramagnetic resonance. Our findings indicate that synthetic melanins are superparamagnetic.
A case of tracheobronchitis in ulcerative colitis: a review of literature
Authors: Kar Soma , Thomas S. G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIntroduction:  Tracheobronchitis is a rare extraintestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis (UC) and is often mis‐diagnosed and treated as asthma.Objective:  We report a case of tracheobromchitis in a patient with long‐standing UC, who had been treated for asthma for many years with a poor response to standard asthma management. Only very few cases are reported and in the majority of them tracheobronchitis developed after colectomy.Methods:  Subsequent investigations of unremitting respiratory symptoms in our patient revealed tracheobronchitis. His UC remained quiescent for more than 20 years on medical treatment having never required a bowel resection.Results:  On thoroughly investigating the aetiology for his pulmonary pathology, it was thought to be an extraintestinal manifestation of UC, which makes this case noteworthy.Conclusion:  Pulmonary complications can develop many years after the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease, without any sign of disease activity. In such cases awareness and a high index of suspicion are important to ensure early diagnosis and treatment, and further investigations to detect large airway disease is warranted. The pulmonary manifestations tend to respond well to steroid therapy, which may prevent or ameliorate permanent lung damage.Please cite this paper as: Kar S and Thomas SG. A case of tracheobronchitis in ulcerative colitis: a review of literature. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2009; 3: 51–54.
La collaboration internationale: un element essentiel dans la conception des programmes de formation en sécurité aeroportuaire
Authors: Morin Pierre Paul , Hodge Tom 
Published: February 2008

Sommaire: Cet article explique la façon dont les informations provenant de la coopération internationale sur la prévention du terrorisme influencent le design des programmes de formation des agents de contrôle préembarquement à 1'Administration canadienne de la sûireté du transport aerien (acsta). 11 expose comment l'integration de ces informations a conduit au développement d'une méthodologie de formation qui suit les principes de la formation par compétences. Cette réflexion marque Ie cinquiéme anniversaire de la fondation de I'acsta et le sixiéme des attentats du 11 septembre 2001. Les auteurs présentent les grands enjeux de la sécurité aéroportuaire, les contraintes et opportunités du contexte international, ainsi que les méthodologies et stratégies utilisées dans le programme de formation.Abstract: This article describes how information provided by the international community influences the design of training programs for airport security officers at the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (catsa). It explains how the integration of this information was instrumental in selecting a training program that follows the principles of a competency‐based methodology. This review coincides with the fourth anniversary of the creation of catsa and the fifth of the tragedy of September 11th, 2001. The authors identify major airport security issues, opportunities and constraints dictated by the international context, and the main strategic and methodological alternatives.
Impacts of a law fostering training development: Lessons from Quebec's experience
Authors: Chrest Jean 
Published: February 2008

Abstract: Since the 1980s, numerous studies in Canada have shown weaknesses in the level of involvement by firms in training and have thus raised the question of the role of public policy. In 1995, the Quebec government adopted a unique law in North America in this regard: An Act to Foster the Development of Manpower Training. The “1% Wage Bill Law” was intended to improve the qualifications, skills and performance of workers through training. This article investigates three impacts of this law: the level of investment by firms; the distributional aspect of the law in terms of its capacity to ensure a more equitable investment in training for the different categories of workers in firms; and, finally, the structural aspect in terms of establishing partnerships. From a theoretical perspective, the Quebec experience illustrates that, between the liberal approach and the institutionalist approach (market versus institutions), it is possible to observe a compromise being made by social actors with respect to the regulation process, which at the same time respects the decisional space of firms. Another observation relates to the complementary aspect of institutional forms in labour‐market regulation and to the fundamental role of unions in partnershipbuilding.Sommaire: Depuis les années 1980, de nombreuses etudes au Canada ont révélé un faible degré de participation des entreprises à la formation et ont ainsi soulevé la question du rôle de la politique gouvemementale. En 1995, le gouvemement du Québec a adoptéà cet égard une loi unique en son genre en Amérique du Nord: une Loi fauorisant le de'veloppement de la formation de la main‐d‘œuvre. La G loi du 1 % de la masse salariale “visait à améliorer les qualifications, les competences et la performance des travailleuses et travailleurs grâce 5 la formation. Le présent article examine trois impacts de cette loi: le niveau d'investissement des entreprises; l'aspect répartition de la loi en termes de sa capacitéà s' assurer que des investissements plus équitables soient consacrés à la formation pour différentes catégories de travailleuses et travailleurs dans les entreprises; et enfin, l'aspect structurel pour ce qui est de l’établissement de partenariats. D'un point de vue théorique, l'expérience du Québec illustre qu'entre l'approche libérale et l'approche institutionnelle (marché contre institutions), il est possible d'observer un compromis de la part des acteurs sociaux en ce qui concerne le processus de réglementation, qui respecte en même temps l'espace décisionnel des entreprises. Une autre observation porte sur l'aspect complémentaire des formes institutionnelles dans la réglementation du marché du travail et sur le rôle fondamental des syndicats dans l‘établissement de partenariats.
Les caractéristiques du conseil d'administration et la gestion stratégique des résultats: une étude menée auprés des sociétés d‘État du Canada
Authors: Bozec Richard 
Published: February 2008

Sommaire: L'objectif de cette étude est d'examiner l'efficacité du conseil d'admini tration des sociétés d'État a prévenir le lissage des bénéfices par les dirigeants. Les résultats de l'étude suggérent que la structure et la composition du conseil d'administration ont un impact sur la propension des dirigeants à lisser les bénéfices. Plus precisement, il apparait que plus les membres du conseil d'administration sont nombreux, plus grand est le risque pour les dirigeants de lisser les bénéfices. Ce risque croît aussi avec la présence au conseil d'administration de membres externes, c membres provenant de la fonction publique et lorsque les fonctions de President du conseil d'administration et de pdg sont occupées par une même personne. Enfin, lissage des bénéfices est réduit en présence d'un comié de vérification. Dans l'ensemble, sauf pour la question qui conceme l'indépendance des membres du conseil d'administration, ces résultats vont dans le sens des réformes actuelles sur gouvernance des sociétés en général et des sociétés d'État en particulier.Abstract: The objective of the study is to examine the effectiveness of the board directors of state‐owned enterprises (soes) in preventing managers from engaging earnings management. The results of the study suggest that board structure has an impact on earnings management activities. More precisely, it appears that soes with a large board are less inclined to curb managers from engaging in income smoothing than are soes with a small board. Also, the extent of income‐smoothing is great when the proportion of outsiders on the board increases, when the board is mo dependent on the political process, and when the roles of chair and ceo are held by the same person. Finally, the presence of an audit committee helps to prevent eamings‐smoothing by managers. in general, excluding the issue particular to the independence of board members, the results are in line with recent reforms in corpora governance.