bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Adaptability of an Exact Solution to Horizontal Infiltration
Authors: Brutsaert Wilfried 
Published: February 2008

An exact solution of the concentration‐dependent diffusion equation, which was obtained by J. R. Philip, is shown to be adaptable to the problem of horizontal infiltration into partly saturated porous materials by a suitable approximation of algebraic functions describing the moisture content‐capillary suction and the moisture content‐capillary conductivity relationships. One of the theoretical results that compares favorably with published experimental data gives the cumulative infiltration simply asF = [2k0A(θ0 ‐ θi)/n]1/2t1/2where k0 is the hydraulic conductivity at saturation, θ0 is the porosity or the volumetric water content at saturation, θi is the initial water content, n is the exponent in the power function of the normalized water content describing the relative permeability, and A is a characteristic length parameter depending on the fineness of the pores.
An Analysis of the Vertical Infiltration of Water into Soil Columns
Authors: Thames John L. , Evans D. D. 
Published: February 2008

An experimental investigation is reported for vertical infiltration of water into a sandy loam and silt loam soil material. Water was allowed to enter air‐dry columns of soil at a small constant suction, and its subsequent distribution was followed with a gamma radiation attenuation device. An analytic expression of water content as a function of depth and time was obtained by multiple regression analysis, from which it was possible to determine the instantaneous flux and the water concentration gradient at given water contents.The relation between the flux and gradient was linear only during the early stages of infiltration. Nonlinearity at low water gradient was evidenced for both soils throughout a wide range of water contents. The magnitude and direction of the departure from linearity were similar for both soils.A new empirical flow equation, capable of fitting the data closely, was obtained by modifying the diffusivity equation for unsaturated flow. The modification consisted of raising the water‐content gradient to a power greater than unity. Under this modification, the parameter analogous to soil‐water diffusivity becomes a function of both water content and water‐content gradient.
Note on evaluations of R/S for fractional noises and geophysical records
Authors: Taqqu Murad 
Published: February 2008

In the computer program evaluating the statistic R/S, I have found a mistake affecting the figures in Mandelbrot and Wallis [1969 a, b, c, d]. Once the mistake is corrected the self‐similar model of hydrologie time series turns out to be even better than I would have thought from the above mentioned papers.The mistake has an important effect only when the lag s is small. For small s, R(t, s) / S(t, s) as it appears in the papers' figures is often smaller than its true value, and the graph log R/S versus log s presents an important initial transient phase before the pox diagram becomes tightly aligned along a straight line of slope H. After correction this initial transient phase is greatly reduced. This reduction indicates that the penultimate behavior of R/S often starts at very small values of the lag.
Water Resources Research and interdisciplinary hydrology
Authors: Freeze R. Allan 
Published: February 2008

Water Resource Research was born under the watchful eye of Walter Langbein, a modern‐day Renaissance man whose interests spanned not only hydrology but all of the earth sciences, and not only the earth sciences but all of science. From its founding in1965 to the present day, the editors of WRR have always seen the journal as a medium of interdisciplinary interaction. On this 25th anniversary of WRR, I thought it might be worthwhile to look back on the interdisciplinary successes and failures of the past quarter decade, in our journal and in our science.There is no question that research in water resources is an interdisciplinary endeavor. At my university we have a graduate program in interdisciplinary hydrology on the books, and on those occasions when we gather together, there are students and faculty there from as many as seven different departments: geography, geology, soil science, forestry, civil engineering, mining engineering, and bioresource engineering. In addition, our campus hosts the Westwater Research Institute where physical scientists can get involved in interdisciplinary research with social scientists from regional and community planning, resource management, resource economics, commerce, and law. I suspect that many campuses have a similar breadth of water resources interests. It is this breadth that WRR is designed to serve.
Quiet Influences, Big Consequences: An Interview with Carol A. Pilgrim
Authors: Epting L. Kimberly 
Published: February 2008

Carol Pilgrim received her PhD from the University of Florida in 1987 with a specialization in the experimental analysis of behavior. She is currently Professor of Psychology and Associate Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of North Carolina—Wilmington. She has been honored with a Distinguished Teaching Professorship, the North Carolina Board of Governors Teaching Excellence Award, the Faculty Scholarship Award, the Chancellor's Teaching Excellence Award, and the College of Arts and Sciences Excellence in Teaching Award. Her research centers on both basic and applied behavior analysis, with an emphasis in human operant behavior, relational stimulus control, and the early detection of breast cancer. She has served as editor of The Behavior Analyst, associate editor of the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior and of The Behavior Analyst, co-editor of the Experimental Analysis of Human Behavior Bulletin, and as a member of the editorial boards of those and several other journals. She has served as President of the Association for Behavior Analysis, the Society for the Advancement of Behavior Analysis International, Division 25 of the American Psychological Association, and the Southeastern Association for Behavior Analysis. She is also a member of the Board of Directors of the Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies. Dr. Pilgrim teaches Behavior Analysis; Psychology of Learning with an animal lab; Applied Behavior Analysis; General Psychology; and special seminars on stimulus control, concept learning, category formation, small-n research design, and conceptual issues in behavior analysis. L. Kimberly Epting currently is Assistant Professor of Psychology at Elon University in North Carolina. Kim received a Master's degree under the direction of Carol Pilgrim at the University of North Carolina—Wilmington before going on to complete her doctoral work in experimental psychology at Auburn University. At Elon University, she teaches a variety of courses including General Psychology, Learning and Memory, Cognitive Psychology, and Psychology of Language. Her research focuses on self-editing behavior in speech and writing.
TheArabidopsisPhytochrome-Interacting Factor PIF7, Together with PIF3 and PIF4, Regulates Responses to Prolonged Red Light by Modulating phyB Levels
Authors: Leivar Pablo , Monte Elena , Al-Sady Bassem , Carle Christine , Storer Alyssa , Alonso Jose M. , Ecker Joseph R. , Quail Peter H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe show that a previously uncharacterized Arabidopsis thaliana basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) phytochrome interacting factor (PIF), designated PIF7, interacts specifically with the far-red light–absorbing Pfr form of phyB through a conserved domain called the active phyB binding motif. Similar to PIF3, upon light exposure, PIF7 rapidly migrates to intranuclear speckles, where it colocalizes with phyB. However, in striking contrast to PIF3, this process is not accompanied by detectable light-induced phosphorylation or degradation of PIF7, suggesting that the consequences of interaction with photoactivated phyB may differ among PIFs. Nevertheless, PIF7 acts similarly to PIF3 in prolonged red light as a weak negative regulator of phyB-mediated seedling deetiolation. Examination of pif3, pif4, and pif7 double mutant combinations shows that their moderate hypersensitivity to extended red light is additive. We provide evidence that the mechanism by which these PIFs operate on the phyB signaling pathway under prolonged red light is through maintaining low phyB protein levels, in an additive or synergistic manner, via a process likely involving the proteasome pathway. These data suggest that the role of these phyB-interacting bHLH factors in modulating seedling deetiolation in prolonged red light may not be as phy-activated signaling intermediates, as proposed previously, but as direct modulators of the abundance of the photoreceptor.
An Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase Functions in PHOTOTROPIN1 Signaling in Arabidopis by Altering Cytosolic Ca2+
Authors: Chen Xu , Lin Wen-Hui , Wang Yuan , Luan Sheng , Xue Hong-Wei 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (5PTase) is a key enzyme in the phosphatidylinositol metabolic pathway, which plays critical roles in a number of cellular processes in plants. Our previous work implicated the role of 5PTase13, which encodes a WD40-containing type II 5PTase, in hormone-mediated cotyledon vein development. Here, we show that 5PTase13 is also involved in blue light responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with that in darkness, the expression of 5PTase13 was suppressed by blue light irradiation, and disruption of the gene resulted in shortened hypocotyls and expanded cotyledons. Genetic analysis showed that 5PTase13 acted independently from CRYPTOCHROME1 and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 but interacted functionally with PHOTOTROPIN1 (PHOT1). The expression level of 5PTase13 was significantly enhanced in phot1 single or phot1 phot2 double mutants under blue light, and suppression of 5PTase13 expression rescued the elongated hypocotyls in the phot1 or phot1 phot2 mutants. Further analysis showed that the blue light–induced elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ was inhibited in the phot1 mutant but enhanced in the 5pt13 mutant, suggesting that 5PTase13 antagonizes PHOT1-mediated effects on calcium signaling under blue light.
Radioimmunotherapy of human synovial sarcoma using a monoclonal antibody against FZD10
Authors: Fukukawa Chikako , Hanaoka Hirofumi , Nagayama Satoshi , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko , Toguchida Junya , Endo Keigo , Nakamura Yusuke , Katagiri Toyomasa 
Published: February 2008

We previously reported Frizzled homolog 10 (FZD10), a member of the Frizzled family, to be a promising therapeutic target for synovial sarcomas. In this report, we established a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb), namely, MAb 92‐13 that had specific binding activity against native FZD10 product expressed in synovial sarcoma cell lines. Subsequent immunohistochemical analyses with the MAb 92‐13 confirmed an absence or hardly detectable level of FZD10 protein in any normal human organs. We confirmed the specific binding activity of this MAb in vivo after injection of fluorescent‐labeled MAb i.p. or i.v. into the mice carrying synovial sarcoma xenografts by the use of the in vivo fluorescent imaging system as well as radioisotopes. Moreover, MAb 92‐13 was effectively internalized into the synovial sarcoma cells after its binding to FZD10 on the cell surface. A single i.v. injection of the Yttrium‐90 (90Y)‐MAb 92‐13 drastically suppressed tumor growth of synovial sarcoma in mice without any severe toxicity. Median time to tumor progression was 58 days for mice treated with 90Y‐MAb 92‐13 and 9 days for mice treated with non‐labeled antibody control or untreated mice (difference = 49 days; P = 7 × 10−5). This result indicates that MAb 92‐13 could be utilized as the novel treatment modality for synovial sarcoma and other FZD10‐positive tumors. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 432–440)
Prenatal exposure to the 1944–45 Dutch ‘hunger winter’ and addiction later in life
Authors: Franzek Ernst J. , Sprangers Niels , Janssens A. Cecile J. W. , Van Duijn Cornelia M. , Van De Wetering Ben J. M. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTAims  Prenatal exposure to severe famine has been associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia and affective disorders. We studied the relationship between prenatal exposure to famine during the Dutch hunger winter of 1944–45 and addiction later in life.Design  A case–control study.Setting  The Rotterdam city area during the Dutch hunger winter lasting from mid‐October 1944 to mid‐May 1945. From February 1945 to mid‐May 1945 the hunger winter was characterized by a famine peak.Participants  Patients are native Dutch addicted patients from the Rotterdam Addiction Treatment Program and controls are native Dutch inhabitants of Rotterdam, born between 1944 and 1947.Measurement  Exposure to the whole hunger winter (< 1400 kcal/day) and the peak of the hunger winter (< 1000 kcal/day) was determined for each trimester of gestation. For each trimester the exposed/unexposed ratios were compared between patients and controls and quantified as odds ratios (OR).Findings  The odds of first‐trimester gestational exposure to famine during the total hunger winter was significantly higher among patients receiving treatment for an addictive disorder [OR = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.64]. Stratification by sex shows that the odds of exposure during the first trimester was significantly higher only among men (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.05–1.72), but not among women (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 0.88–1.81). The odds of exposure to the peak of the hunger winter during the first trimester of gestation were also significantly higher among addiction treatment patients (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.22–2.12). We did not find any significant differences for the second and third trimesters of gestation.Conclusion  First‐trimester prenatal exposure to famine appears to be associated with addiction later in life. The study confirms the adverse influence of severe malnutrition on brain development and maturation, confirms the influence of perinatal insults on mental health in later life and gives rise to great concern about the possible future consequences for the hunger regions in our world.
Medication with antihistamines impairs allergen‐specific immunotherapy in mice
Authors: Johansen P. , Senti G. , Maria Martínez Gómez J. , Kündig T. M. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryBackground
Histamine released from activated mast cells and basophils is an important mediator in allergy. Therefore, antihistamines are efficiently and widely used to suppress allergic symptoms.Objective
This study evaluated the role of antihistamines in sensitization against allergens and in the efficiency of allergen‐specific immunotherapy.Methods
CBA mice were sensitized and de‐sensitized with bee venom allergen extracts and the major allergen phospholipase A2. Clemastine was used to test the effect of a histamine‐1 receptor antagonist on the immune responses to phospholipase A2.Results
The results demonstrated that sensitization against bee venom was strongly enhanced during treatment with antihistamines. Clemastine increased IgE production while decreasing IgG2a production against bee venom. This T‐helper type 2 shift of the humoral response appeared to be caused by reduced IFN‐γ and enhanced IL‐4 secretion from allergen‐specific T cells. We also found reduced TNF‐α, IL‐6 and major histocompatibility complex class‐II expression by macrophages. In sensitized mice, the efficiency of allergen‐specific immunotherapy was reduced by clemastine treatment.Conclusion
Antihistamines may enhance allergic sensitization and reduce the efficiency of allergen‐specific immunotherapy. Future studies will need to demonstrate to what extent pre‐medication with antihistamine also affects allergen‐specific immunotherapy in humans.
Modification of the diel vertical migration of Bythotrephes longimanus by the cold‐water planktivore, Coregonus artedi
Authors: YOUNG JOELLE D. , YAN NORMAN D. 
Published: February 2008

Summary1. The weak diel vertical migration observed in the large cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus seems contradictory to the predator‐avoidance hypothesis that predicts large zooplankton should have long migration amplitudes. However, cold‐water planktivores, especially Coregonus spp., are a main source of mortality for Bythotrephes and hence a deeper migration would result in a greater overlap with these hypolimnetic planktivores. We hypothesized that Coregonus artedi (cisco) modifies the normal vertical migration pattern of Bythotrephes, such that the latter stays higher in the water column during the day and thus migrates less extremely at night.2. The vertical distribution of Bythotrephes during the day was determined from single visits to six lakes in Ontario, Canada, all of which contain warm‐water, epilimnetic planktivores but differing in whether they contain cisco. One lake of each fish type was sampled day and night every 2–3 weeks over the ice‐free season to examine daytime depths and migration amplitude.3. The vertical migration of Bythotrephes differed in the presence and absence of cisco. In the lakes with cisco, there were significantly fewer Bythotrephes in the hypolimnion and they were higher in the water column during the day. Migration amplitude was smaller in the cisco than in the non‐cisco lake. These observations were not attributable to differences in physical factors, and, although not conclusively attributable to cisco, are consistent with an effect of cisco.4. We suggest that diurnal depth selection by Bythotrephes in lakes containing cisco is a trade‐off between the risk of predation by warm‐ versus cold‐water predators, balanced by the benefits of increased temperature and feeding rates near the surface. Even in lakes without cisco, however, the vertical migration of Bythotrephes was less than expected, suggesting that diurnal depth selection is a balance between the risk from warm‐water planktivores and access to sufficient light to feed effectively.
Stoichiometric relationships in vernal pond plankton communities
Authors: CÁCERES CARLA E. , TESSIER ALAN J. , ANDREOU ANDRI , DUFFY MEGHAN A. 
Published: February 2008

Summary1. The light‐nutrient hypothesis (LNH) predicts that changes in light supply can alter the balance of nutrient and energy limitation in primary producers. We tested this prediction by examining temporal changes in vernal forest ponds, which are highly dynamic systems with respect to seasonal change in light and nutrient supply. In three vernal ponds that differ in productivity, we measured changes in light, total and seston nitrogen and phosphorus, and seston carbon and chlorophyll during the spring, before and after tree leaf‐out. We also quantified changes in the population dynamics of the major zooplankton grazers in these systems.2. In each pond, nutrient levels increased and light levels declined, creating a temporal shift in light‐nutrient supply to the plankton. Results generally supported predictions of stoichiometric theory and the LNH, but there were notable exceptions.3. Seston C : N : P ratios rapidly changed in response to dramatic increases in N and P supply rates. However, seston N : P was typically lower than values for total N : P in the water. Furthermore, as predicted, we observed a decline in seston C : P as the light : nutrient ratio declined, but seston C : N simultaneously increased. These results suggest an unexpected shift towards potential nitrogen limitation. Alternatively, this change in nutrient ratios may be driven by a seasonal change in phytoplankton composition or nutritional mode.4. Seston carbon concentrations remained stable despite seasonal changes in grazing intensity associated with the phenology of large‐bodied Daphnia grazers. However, chlorophyll concentrations declined dramatically as the season progressed, resulting in a simultaneous decline in the C : Chlorophyll ratio of seston. Both pond shading and increased grazing probably contributed to the decline in chlorophyll.
Unstable, self‐limiting thermochemical temperature oscillations in Macrozamia cycads
Authors: ROEMER ROBERT B. , TERRY L. IRENE , WALTER GIMME H. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTField measurements and laboratory experiments on the Australian cycads Macrozamia lucida and Macrozamia macleayi demonstrate that their cones’ diel peak thermogenic temperature increase varies systematically with cone stage, with single thermogenic temperature peaks occurring daily for up to 2 weeks and reaching 12 °C above ambient at midstage. The initiation, magnitude and timing of those peaks are strongly modulated by ambient temperature; the period between successive thermogenic temperature peaks is not circadian, and light is neither necessary nor sufficient to initiate a thermogenic event. A mathematical analysis is developed that provides a unified explanation of the experimental results. It describes these unstable, self‐limiting thermogenic events in terms of conservation of energy and a first‐order chemical reaction rate model that includes an Arrhenius equation dependence of the cone's metabolic heating rate on the cone temperature.
Neurocognitive profiles in bipolar I and bipolar II disorder: differences in pattern and magnitude of dysfunction
Authors: Simonsen Carmen , Sundet Kjetil , Vaskinn Anja , Birkenaes Astrid B , Engh John A , Hansen Charlotte Fredslund , Jónsdóttir Halldóra , Ringen Petter Andreas , Opjordsmoen Stein , Friis Svein , Andreassen Ole A 
Published: February 2008

Objectives:  Studies on neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder, reporting deficits in memory, attention, and executive functioning, have primarily focused on bipolar I disorder. The aim of this study was to examine whether patients with bipolar I and bipolar II disorder have different neurocognitive profiles.Methods:  Forty‐two patients with bipolar I disorder, 31 patients with bipolar II and 124 healthy controls, from a large ongoing study on psychotic disorders, were included. Neurocognitive function was measured with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery.Results:  The bipolar I group performed significantly poorer than the healthy control group and the bipolar II group on all measures of memory. Compared with the control group, the bipolar I group also had significantly reduced performance on most measures of attention and executive functioning, while the bipolar II group only had a significantly reduced performance on a subset of these measures. On average, 24% of the bipolar I group had clinically significant cognitive impairment (≤1.5 SD below the control group mean) across measures, compared with 13% of the bipolar II group.Conclusions:  Patients with bipolar I and bipolar II disorder in this study have different neurocognitive profiles. Bipolar I patients have more widespread cognitive dysfunction both in pattern and magnitude, and a higher proportion has clinically significant cognitive impairments compared with patients with bipolar II. This may suggest neurobiological differences between the two bipolar subgroups.