bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfusion with cGMP analogue adapts the action potential response of pheromone-sensitive sensilla trichoidea of the hawkmoth Manduca sextain a daytime-dependent manner
Authors: Flecke Christian , Dolzer Jan , Krannich Steffi , Stengl Monika 
Published: September 2006

SUMMARY
Pheromone-dependent mate search is under strict circadian control in different moth species. But it remains unknown whether daytime-dependent changes in pheromone sensitivity already occur at the periphery in male moths. Because adapting pheromone stimuli cause rises of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in pheromone-sensitive trichoid sensilla of the night-active hawkmoth Manduca sexta, we wanted to determine whether cGMP decreases pheromone-sensitivity of olfactory receptor neurons in a daytime-dependent manner. Long-term tip recordings from trichoid sensilla were performed at the early day (ZT 1-4), when many moths are still active, and at the middle of the day (ZT 8-11), when moths are resting. A non-adapting pheromone-stimulation protocol combined with perfusion of the sensillum lymph with the membrane-permeable cGMP analogue 8bcGMP adapted the action potential response but not the sensillar potential. Perfusion with 8bcGMP decreased the initial action potential frequency, decreased the numbers of action potentials elicited in the first 100 ms of the pheromone response and attenuated the reduction of action potential amplitude. Furthermore, the decrease in 8bcGMP-dependent action potential frequency was stronger in recordings made at ZT 8-11 than at ZT 1-4. In the control recordings during the course of the day the pheromone responses became increasingly tonic and less phasic. At ZT 8-11 only, this daytime-dependent effect was further enhanced by 8bcGMP application. Thus we hypothesize that during the moths' resting phase,elevated cGMP levels underlie a daytime-dependent decrease in pheromone sensitivity and a decline in the temporal resolution of pheromone pulses.
Modified Ring Shear Apparatus for Unsaturated Soils Testing
Authors: Sedano JAI , Vanapalli SK , Garga VK 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This paper presents the design details of an automated modified ring shear apparatus for the testing of unsaturated soils using the axis-translation technique. The components of this automated system are described, as well as the types of tests that it can be used for. The key cell components include a flushing system and a precise volume gage system. The paper presents typical test results including the continuous monitoring of water as the test proceeds. A methodology to correct the water content measurements for the effect of air infiltration and evaporation or condensation of water is included.
Evaluation of the Chinese Accelerated Test for Alkali-Carbonate Reaction
Authors: Lu D , Fournier B , Grattan-Bellew P , Xu Z , Tang M 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
As part of an multi-laboratory study on accelerated concrete microbar test for alkali-carbonate reaction, the effect of a number of variables on expansion were evaluated, including the effect of alkali content of the cement, the type and source of alkali, the aggregate particle size, and the bar size. The expansivities of various dolomitic limestones from different origins were evaluated in the concrete prism test and in the accelerated concrete microbar test. The effect of replacement of a portion of the portland cement with fly ash on the expansion of microbars containing selected dolomitic limestones and a typical alkalisilica reactive aggregate were also evaluated. The paper presents the obtained results and the correlation between expansions in the concrete prism test and the accelerated test.
Antifungal Prophylaxis to Prevent Neonatal Candidiasis: A Survey of Perinatal Physician Practices
Authors: Burwell Lauren A. , Kaufman David , Blakely Jennifer , Stoll Barbara J. , Fridkin Scott K. 
Published: September 2006

BACKGROUND. Bloodstream infections with Candida species have a high mortality rate in very low birth weight infants. Preliminary data suggest that prophylaxis with fluconazole reduces the incidence of colonization and invasive Candida infections in high-risk, very low birth weight neonates. The extent of antifungal prophylaxis use to prevent neonatal candidemia is unknown.
METHODS. We surveyed a 20% random sample of the members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Perinatal Pediatrics. We collected information on prophylactic agents used, indications for use, and rationale for reported practices.
RESULTS. A total of 219 (47%) of 469 members sampled responded; 3 clinicians who did not provide care to very low birth weight infants were excluded. Antifungal prophylaxis use was reported by 73 (34%) respondents. Agents used included intravenous fluconazole (66%), oral nystatin (59%), and intravenous amphotericin B (21%). Decreased birth weight or early gestational age was the most frequent indication to start prophylaxis (57 [78%]). Respondents who did not use antifungal prophylaxis compared with respondents who used fluconazole prophylaxis were significantly more likely to have concerns about (1) the emergence of antifungal resistance, (2) unclear criteria on which to base the decision to start prophylaxis, and (3) the need for clarification of the role of surveillance cultures.
CONCLUSIONS. Although preliminary data suggest that fluconazole is efficacious to prevent candidemia in a subset of neonates, this practice is not used widely by clinicians who care for very low birth weight infants. Additional efficacy studies should address the emergence of antifungal resistance or clarification of criteria to initiate prophylaxis, including the role of surveillance cultures.
Octyl-2-cyanoacrylate Tissue Glue (Dermabond) versus Monocryl 6 × 0 Sutures in Lip Closure
Authors: Spauwen Paul H. M. , de Laat Wendy A. A. , Hartman Ed H. M. 
Published: September 2006

Objective: To assess the value of octyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue glue in lip closure versus Monocryl stitches. Design: Closure of a cleft lip can be done using transcutaneous Monocryl 6 × 0 sutures or using octyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue glue (Dermabond). In 15 consecutive patients, the cleft lip was closed with Monocryl 6 × 0 and in another 15 consecutive patients, Dermabond was applied. Outcome parameters were complications, satisfaction of the parents with the cosmetic result, and the cosmetic result as judged by professionals. Satisfaction of the parents was assessed using a questionnaire and a visual analog scale. The cosmetic result as judged by professionals was measured by rating standardized pictures according to a visual analog scale. Setting: A tertiary referral center for children with craniofacial anomalies. Results: Complications were equal in both patient groups (p = .273). Satisfaction of the parents, as well as the professionals, with the cosmetic result did not show significant differences between the Monocryl 6 × 0 and the Dermabond groups (p = .922 and .983, respectively). However, parents were significantly more positive about the cosmetic result than the professionals were (p = .000). Conclusion: The results of lip closure using Dermabond tissue glue equal the cosmetic results of lip closure using transcutaneous Monocryl 6 × 0 sutures.
Monte Carlo Techniques Applied to Well Forecasting: Some Pitfalls
Authors: Williamson H. S. , Sawaryn S. J. , Morrison J. W. 
Published: September 2006

Summary
Monte Carlo simulation is rapidly superceding deterministic methods as the preferred technique for many well-forecasting applications. This paper contrasts the two techniques and highlights the potential benefits of the former. The main part of the paper is a discussion of the application of Monte Carlo simulation to time and cost estimation of single wells and, in particular, of some common errors that the authors have observed practitioners to make (or have themselves made) within this context. This discussion, together with sections covering multiwell programs, scheduling, and production issues, demonstrates that although Monte Carlo simulation has the potential to enhance the reliability of well forecasts, this potential can be realized only if the technique is applied with great care.
Sequentially Adapted Flow-Based PEBI Grids for Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Mlacnik M. J. , Durlofsky L. J. , Heinemann Z. E. 
Published: September 2006

Summary
A technique for the sequential generation of perpendicularbisectional (PEBI) grids adapted to flow information is presented and applied. The procedure includes a fine-scale flow solution, the generation of an initial streamline–isopotential grid, grid optimization, and upscaling. The grid optimization is accomplished through application of a hybrid procedure with gradient and Laplacian smoothing steps, while the upscaling is based on a global-local procedure that makes use of the global solution used in the grid-determination step. The overall procedure is successfully applied to a complex channelized reservoir model involving changing well conditions. The gridding and upscaling procedures presented here may also be suitable for use with other types of structured or unstructured grid systems.
Compositional Modeling of Discrete-Fractured Media Without Transfer Functions by the Discontinuous Galerkin and Mixed Methods
Authors: Hoteit H. , Firoozabadi A. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryIn a recent work, we introduced a numerical approach that combines the mixed-finite-element (MFE) and the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for compositional modeling in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media. In this work, we extend our numerical approach to 2D fractured media. We use the discrete-fracture model (crossflow equilibrium) to approximate the two-phase flow with mass transfer in fractured media. The discrete-fracture model is numerically superior to the single-porosity model and overcomes limitations of the dual-porosity model including the use of a shape factor. The MFE method is used to solve the pressure equation where the concept of total velocity is invoked. The DG method associated with a slope limiter is used to approximate the species-balance equations. The cell-based finite-volume schemes that are adapted to a discrete-fracture model have deficiency in computing the fracture/fracture fluxes across three and higher intersecting-fracture branches. In our work, the problem is solved definitively because of the MFE formulation. Several numerical examples in fractured media are presented to demonstrate the superiority of our approach to the classical finite-difference method.
Top-Drive Casing-Running Process Improves Safety and Capability
Authors: Warren Tommy , Johns Roger , Zipse Dean 
Published: September 2006

SummaryThe conventional casing-running process is personnel-intensive and requires considerable human contact with the casing. A new casing-running system facilitates mechanizing the casing-running process. This technology eliminates potential safety hazards, provides assurance that the casing can be run to the intended casing point, offers the ability to ream casing to bottom, reduces personnel requirements for running casing, and eliminates the need for a stabber in the derrick.A portable casing-drive tool is used to pick up joints of casing from the "V-door," position the casing over the stump in the rotary table, and grip the top of the casing without making a threaded connection. The drive tool supports the full torsional and axial load for running the casing and provides the ability to circulate the well at any time to wash and ream to bottom as tight hole or fill is encountered. The top drive provides the rotary power to make up and rotate the casing.The new portable casing-running system had been used on more than 430 jobs for more than 40 operators in nine countries (at the end of 2004) to run more than 3 million ft of casing of various weights, grades, and connection types, with sizes ranging from 4½ to 16 in. These jobs encompass wells from vertical holes to high-angle extended-reach wells and include both onshore and offshore applications. The system has been completely mechanized on one casing-drilling rig to allow the driller to routinely pick up casing from the pipe racks and make connections without human contact with the pipe.
Treating Depression to Prevent Diabetes and Its Complications:Understanding Depression as a Medical Risk Factor
Authors: Williams Monique M. , Clouse Ray E. , Lustman Patrick J. 
Published: September 2006

IN BRIEFCurrent diabetes practice guidelines emphasize the need to augment conventional diabetes therapy with other evidence-based treatments that support improved diabetes outcomes. Clinical depression, much like obesity, is a significant independent risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and for progression and mortality from type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Effective treatments for depression are available, may enhance glycemic control and insulin sensitivity, and thereby may preserve the physical health and independence of people living with diabetes.
Hypoglycemia in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Physiology, Pathophysiology,and Management
Authors: Briscoe Vanessa J. , Davis Stephen N. 
Published: September 2006

IN BRIEFThe threat and incidence of hypoglycemia is the major limiting factor in intensive glycemic control for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This article reviews the physiology of the normal counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia and the deficient counterregulatory defenses that occur in patients with diabetes. Treatment paradigms for establishing good glycemic control while limiting hypoglycemia are also discussed.
How to Develop CD-ROMs for Diabetes Education: Exemplar“Reproductive-Health Education and Awareness of Diabetes in Youth for Girls” (READY-Girls)
Authors: Charron-Prochownik Denise , Hannan Margaret Ferons , Sereika Susan M. , Becker Dorothy , Rodgers-Fischl Andrea 
Published: September 2006

In Brief
Read-only memory compact discs can provide self-instructional standardized educational interventions to improve diabetes self-management in a variety of settings. This article describes the steps involved in developing this sort of interactive health technology program and recommendations based on lessons learned from a multimedia program called “Reproductive-health Education and Awareness of Diabetes in Youth for Girls (READY-Girls).”
Clinical Challenges in Caring for Patients With Diabetes and Cancer
Authors: Psarakis Helen M. 
Published: September 2006

In BriefDiabetes and cancer are two diagnoses that individually overwhelm both patients and clinicians. Approximately 8–18% of people with cancer have diabetes. Together, these two diseases can pose formidable challenges to clinicians caring for this difficult patient population. Unfortunately, our knowledge of this topic is limited by insufficient evidence to determine how best to manage diabetes while simultaneously treating cancer. This article seeks to review some of the most common problems encountered by clinicians caring for these patients.
Trading cultures: Resource mobilization and service rendering in the life sciences as revealed in the journal article's paratext
Authors: Cronin Blaise , Franks Sara 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFormal and informal modes of collaboration in life sciences research were explored paratextually. The bylines and acknowledgments of more than 1,000 research articles in the journalCellwere analyzed to reveal the strength of collegiate ties and the importance of material and ideational trading between both individuals and labs. Intense coauthorship and subauthorship collaboration were shown to be defining features of contemporary research in the life sciences.
Measuring online information seeking context, Part 2: Findings and discussion
Authors: Kelly Diane 
Published: September 2006

AbstractContext is one of the most important concepts in information seeking and retrieval research. However, the challenges of studying context are great; thus, it is more common for researchers to use context as a post hoc explanatory factor, rather than as a concept that drives inquiry. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for collecting data about information seeking context in natural online environments, and identify which aspects of context should be considered when studying online information seeking. The study is reported in two parts. In this, the second part, results and implications of this research are presented. Part 1 (Kelly, 2006) discussed previous literature on information seeking context and behavior, situated the current study within this literature, and described the naturalistic, longitudinal research design that was used to examine and measure the online information seeking context of seven users during a 14‐week period. Results provide support for the value of the method in studying online information seeking context, the relative importance of various measures of context, how these measures change over time, and, finally, the relationship between these measures. In particular, results demonstrate significant differences in distributions of usefulness ratings according to task and topic.
Die Alraune oder die Sage vom Galgenmännlein: Science & Fiction
Authors: Gassen Hans Günter , Minol Sabine 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDie Ödpflanze Alraune oder Mandragora gehört, wenn es um Mythen und Dichtung geht, zu den berühmtesten Pflanzen. Dies verdankt sie ihrem Gehalt an psychoaktiven Stoffen, die zur Liebe anregen, Schmerzen lindern und Schlaf bringen. Ihre Rolle als “Galgenmännlein” geht auf die lange, zweigeteilte Wurzel zurück, die an das Beinpaar eines Menschen erinnert. Hanns Heinz Ewers hat in seinem 1911 publizierten Roman “Alraune” die Sage vom Galgenmännlein aufgegriffen, um die Folgen des “Menschenmachens” zu schildern. Sein phantastischer Roman ahnt spätere Entwicklungen voraus und fördert so die Diskussion über die sozialen Folgen von Wissenschaft und Technik.
Metal–Salen‐Base‐Pair Complexes Inside DNA: Complexation Overrides Sequence Information
Authors: Clever Guido H. , Söltl Yvonne , Burks Heather , Spahl Werner , Carell Thomas 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwo isomeric salicylic aldehyde nucleobases have been prepared and incorporated into various DNA duplexes. Reaction with ethylenediamine leads to formation of the well‐known salen ligand inside the DNA double helix. Addition of transition‐metal ions such as Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, or VO2+ results in the formation of metal–salen‐base‐pair complexes, which were studied by using UV and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. HPLC and ESI mass spectrometric measurements reveal an unusually high stability of the DNA–metal system. These metal–salen complexes act as interstrand cross‐links and thereby lead to a strong stabilization of the DNA duplexes, as studied by thermal de‐ and renaturing experiments. Complex formation is strong enough to override sequence information even when the preorganization of the ligand precursors is unfavorable and the DNA duplex is distorted by the metal complexation. Furthermore, melting‐point studies show that the salen complex derived from ligand 2 fits better into the DNA duplex, in accordance with results obtained from the crystal structure of the corresponding copper–salen complex 8.
Numerical simulation of injectivity loss in stratified reservoirs
Authors: Wrobel J. S. , Nachbin A. , Marchesin D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractInjectivity loss occurs when sea water is injected in offshore fields or during reinjection of produced water that contains solid particles, oil drops and bacteria, each one with its own capability of reducing the permeability in the neighbourhood of the well. Knowledge regarding the causes of injectivity decline and its time scale is important for the prevention and remediation of this problem. We present a numerical model for water injection with retention of solid particles in a vertically stratified reservoir in a cylindrical axisymmetric geometry. The process of migration and retention of solid particles in porous media is studied through computer simulations. To do so, we apply a hydrodynamical formulation for the flow of water containing suspension particles. The numerical tools used in this work are the modified method of characteristics proposed by Douglas and Russell for the concentration of particles (suspended and retained) coupled with the mixed finite element method proposed by Raviart and Thomas for velocity and pressure. We briefly describe the method and show the numerical results. There is a strong tendency for the flow to remain confined in each layer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new inhibitor for fructosamine 3‐kinase (Amadorase)
Authors: Tsai Henry J. , Chou Shan‐Yen , Kappler Frank , Schwartz Michael L. , Tobia Annette M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNon‐enzymatic glycation is a Maillard reaction that occurs spontaneously between glucose and proteins and results in the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are believed to be one of the causes for age‐related tissue damage. Fructosamine 3‐kinase (FN3K) is an enzyme involved in the protein deglycation process by fructosyl phosphorylation, returning amino acid residues to their pristine state with 3‐deoxyglucosone (3‐DG) and inorganic phosphate as by‐products. 3‐DG is a very reactive electrophile that is even more potent at generating AGEs than glucose; therefore, inhibitors specific to FN3K have been suggested as a means to suppress 3‐DG formation. Dyn‐12 is a substrate mimicking inhibitor with an IC50 value of approximately 6 mM. We report a new hydrophobic competitive inhibitor with respect to fructolysine that has an IC50 of 1.7 mM. Drug Dev. Res. 67:448–455, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic administration of fluoxetine or venlafaxine induces memory deterioration in an inhibitory avoidance task in rats
Authors: Ulak Güner , Göçmez Selcen , Erden Faruk , Tanyeri Pelin , Utkan Tijen , Yildiz Firüzan , Mutlu Oguz , Gacar Nejat 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAntidepressants inhibiting the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine may exhibit efficacy superior to that of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Since the clinical effects of antidepressants appear gradually following weeks of treatment, the present study was designed to investigate if there is a benefit to long‐term administration of the SSRI, fluoxetine, in comparison with venlafaxine, a 5‐HT/norepinephrine (5‐HT/NE) reuptake inhibitor (SNRI; both 20 mg/kg ip, once a day for 14 days) in a one‐trial step‐through passive avoidance task in rats. Locomotor activity was evaluated to assess the effects of the drugs on the motility of the animals. The comparison of training latencies versus test latencies showed inhibition of passive avoidance learning in fluoxetine‐ or venlafaxine‐treated rats (e.g., no significant difference between training and test latencies) in a step‐through test. There was no significant difference between fluoxetine‐ and venlafaxine‐induced reduction of latency in rats in this test. Drug Dev. Res. 67:456–461, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statistical evaluation of transmission performance degradation originating with cross‐phase modulation
Authors: Norimatsu Seiji , Akai Seiichi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes a method which provides fast and precise evaluation of waveform degradation due to cross‐phase modulation (XPM) in intensity modulation‐direct detection systems with wavelength‐division‐multiplexing. The method consists of two corrections applied to the conventional method. The first is to take account of second‐order self‐phase modulation (SPM), which is induced by the waveform affected by XPM. The second is to take account of the higher‐order Kerr effect. The proposed method requires only a single evaluation of an infinite integral, which can be performed in a shorter time than the SSF method. It is shown by comparison to the conventional method that very precise evaluation can be realized despite the simplicity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(1): 58–67, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20306