bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideal objects in philosophy and science: genesis and concept
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich 
Published: March 2024

The author discusses the concept of an ideal object. The statement of O.I. Genisaretsky is quoted and problematized, stating that the obligatory feature that has been preserved for the object and the terms "object" and "ideal object" is, apparently, its representability or visibility. The author shows that ideal objects began to be created during the formation of ancient philosophy and thinking. Faced with contradictions, ancient thinkers dealt with this situation in different ways. If Protogoras recognized the right of the reasoners to receive contradictions and, accordingly, to consider the world contradictory, then Parmenides considered the world consistent, arguing that the criterion for the correctness (truth) of knowledge is not a reasoning person, but this world, existence, which still needs to be reached with the help of correct thought. It was within the framework of the implementation of the Parmenides program that ideal objects began to be created, which, as the author shows, performed three main functions: they allowed us to think consistently, to know the world and its phenomena, to comprehend and interpret empirical phenomena (facts) in a different way. Based on the case of Plato's "Feast", the semiotic schemes on the basis of which Plato creates ideal objects are analyzed. It is argued that it is impossible to build ideal objects, bypassing schemes, since their inventors (creators) are people. By solving problems, they synthesize meanings belonging to different areas of consciousness. The analysis of Galileo's "Conversations" allowed the author to suggest that the construction of ideal objects is due to the historical type of philosophical or scientific thinking. The author considers it necessary, before claiming to create a modern doctrine of ideal objects, to analyze the main typical cases of the construction of these objects in philosophy and science, and such an analysis can make significant adjustments to the understanding of the nature and features of this concept. Nevertheless, he suggests, it is already clear that the construction of ideal objects is an important link in philosophical, scientific and a number of other types of thinking.
An adaptive data-driven architecture for mental health care applications
Authors: Sundaram Aishwarya , Subramaniam Hema , Ab Hamid Siti Hafizah , Mohamad Nor Azmawaty 
Published: March 2024

Background
In the current era of rapid technological innovation, our lives are becoming more closely intertwined with digital systems. Consequently, every human action generates a valuable repository of digital data. In this context, data-driven architectures are pivotal for organizing, manipulating, and presenting data to facilitate positive computing through ensemble machine learning models. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic underscored a substantial need for a flexible mental health care architecture. This architecture, inclusive of machine learning predictive models, has the potential to benefit a larger population by identifying individuals at a heightened risk of developing various mental disorders.

Objective
Therefore, this research aims to create a flexible mental health care architecture that leverages data-driven methodologies and ensemble machine learning models. The objective is to proficiently structure, process, and present data for positive computing. The adaptive data-driven architecture facilitates customized interventions for diverse mental disorders, fostering positive computing. Consequently, improved mental health care outcomes and enhanced accessibility for individuals with varied mental health conditions are anticipated.

Method
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the researchers conducted a systematic literature review in databases indexed in Web of Science to identify the existing strengths and limitations of software architecture relevant to our adaptive design. The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023444661). Additionally, a mapping process was employed to derive essential paradigms serving as the foundation for the research architectural design. To validate the architecture based on its features, professional experts utilized a Likert scale.

Results
Through the review, the authors identified six fundamental paradigms crucial for designing architecture. Leveraging these paradigms, the authors crafted an adaptive data-driven architecture, subsequently validated by professional experts. The validation resulted in a mean score exceeding four for each evaluated feature, confirming the architecture’s effectiveness. To further assess the architecture’s practical application, a prototype architecture for predicting pandemic anxiety was developed.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation enhances the specificity of multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria: a critical narrative review
Authors: Snow Nicholas J. , Murphy Hannah M. , Chaves Arthur R. , Moore Craig S. , Ploughman Michelle 
Published: March 2024

Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease that involves attacks of inflammatory demyelination and axonal damage, with variable but continuous disability accumulation. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method to characterize conduction loss and axonal damage in the corticospinal tract. TMS as a technique provides indices of corticospinal tract function that may serve as putative MS biomarkers. To date, no reviews have directly addressed the diagnostic performance of TMS in MS. The authors aimed to conduct a critical narrative review on the diagnostic performance of TMS in MS.

Methods
The authors searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies that reported the sensitivity and/or specificity of any reported TMS technique compared to established clinical MS diagnostic criteria. Studies were summarized and critically appraised for their quality and validity.

Results
Seventeen of 1,073 records were included for data extraction and critical appraisal. Markers of demyelination and axonal damage—most notably, central motor conduction time (CMCT)—were specific, but not sensitive, for MS. Thirteen (76%), two (12%), and two (12%) studies exhibited high, unclear, and low risk of bias, respectively. No study demonstrated validity for TMS techniques as diagnostic biomarkers in MS.

Conclusions
CMCT has the potential to: (1) enhance the specificity of clinical MS diagnostic criteria by “ruling in” true-positives, or (2) revise a diagnosis from relapsing to progressive forms of MS. However, there is presently insufficient high-quality evidence to recommend any TMS technique in the diagnostic algorithm for MS.
Identification, validation and quantification of thymoquinone in conjunction with assessment of bioactive possessions and GC-MS profiling of pharmaceutically valuable crop Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) varieties
Authors: Y Ravi , Periyanadar Irene Vethamoni , Saxena Shailendra Nath , Muthurajan Raveendran , Sundararajan Velmurugan , Pridiuldi Santhanakrishnan Vichangal , Meena Sumer Singh , Naik Ashoka Narayana , Harisha C. B. , Asangi Honnappa , Choudhary Sharda , Singh Ravindra , Dengeru Yallappa , V Kavan Kumar , Meena Narottam Kumar , Meena Ram Swaroop , Verma Arvind Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Background
Plants have been pivotal in traditional and modern medicine globally, with historical evidence supporting their therapeutic applications. Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the Ranunculaceae family and is cultivated in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Western and Central Asia. The medicinal use of plants dates back thousands of years, documented in ancient writings from various civilizations. Alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, and tannins found in plants exhibit antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities.

Methodology
This study specifically examines the pharmacological potential of Nigella sativa L., emphasizing thymoquinone—a compound with diverse nutraceutical benefits. The extraction, characterization, and quantification of thymoquinone, alongside other physicochemical parameters, were carried out using ethanol through Soxhlet extraction procedures on five nigella varieties. HPLC analysis was performed to determine the maximum accumulation of thymoquinone in the released variety of the plant and the chemical composition of the seed oil isolated from Nigella sativa L., varieties utilized in the study was determined through GC-MS analysis.

Results
The research revealed that the Ajmer nigella-20 variety stands out, exhibiting elevated levels of thymoquinone (0.20 ± 0.07%), antioxidants (76.18 ± 1.78%), and substantial quantities of total phenols (31.85 ± 0.97 mg GAEg−1 seed) and flavonoids (8.150 ± 0.360 mg QE 100 g−1 seed) compared to other varieties. The GC-MS profiling showed the presence of 11 major compounds in the studied varieties, with p-cymene, longifolene, and myristic acid identified as the major chemical compounds present in the oil.

Conclusion
The observed variations among Nigella varieties indicate the Ajmer nigella-20 variety as particularly promising for thymoquinone and bioactive compound extraction. This study underscores Nigella’s potential as a source of pharmacologically active compounds, highlighting the need for further exploration in therapeutic applications.
Microwave‐Assisted Asymmetric Intermolecular Heck Reaction using Phosphine‐Thiazole Ligands
Authors: Kaukoranta Päivi , Källström Klas , Andersson Pher G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA series of new phosphine‐thiazole compounds has been synthesized and used as efficient ligands in the palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular Heck coupling of 2,3‐dihydrofuran with aryl triflates and cyclohexenyl triflate. Microwave heating was used to accelerate the reactions and gave complete conversions in as little as one hour. Products were obtained with good to excellent enantioselectivities.
In vitro release of salicylic acid through poly(vinyl alcohol‐g‐itaconic acid) membranes
Authors: Asman Gülsen , Şanlı Oya , Tuncel Didem 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this study, itaconic acid (IA) was grafted on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at two different grafting percentages, 7.0% (w/w) and 14.0% (w/w), and membranes were prepared from the grafted copolymer (PVA‐g‐IA). Performances of PVA and PVA‐g‐IA membranes for the transdermal release of salicylic acid (SA) at in vitro conditions were investigated by using 2.0 mg/mL SA solutions. Effect of the pH on the release of SA was studied by keeping pH of donor and acceptor solutions in a range of (2.1–7.4). Permeation studies were also carried on at different SA concentrations. Effect of temperature on the release of SA was investigated in the temperature range of (32–39) (±1)°C. Results showed that presence of IA decreased the release of SA from the PVA membranes and 73% SA was released at the end of 48 h at (32 ± 1)°C from the IA‐1 membranes. pH affected the release of SA through the grafted membranes and studies showed that release of SA was high with donor solution pH of 2.1. When the pH of donor and receiver solutions were kept at the same pH value, the overall SA% in permeate increased. Increase in concentration of SA decreased the release of SA for the studied membranes. Release of SA from PVA‐g‐IA membranes was temperature sensitive and increase in temperature from (32 ± 1)°C to (39 ± 1)°C increased the release percentage of SA by 24% (w/w). The overall activation energy for the permeation of SA through IA‐1 membrane was found to be 22.97 kJ/mol. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Ca2+ responses to thyrotropin‐releasing hormone and angiotensin II: the role of plasma membrane integrity and effect of G11α protein overexpression on homologous and heterologous desensitization
Authors: Ostasov Pavel , Krusek Jan , Durchankova Dana , Svoboda Petr , Novotny Jiri 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms involved in GPCR‐initiated signaling cascades where the two receptors share the same signaling cascade, such as thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) and angiotensin II (ANG II), are still far from being understood. Here, we analyzed hormone‐induced Ca2+ responses and the process of desensitization in HEK‐293 cells, which express endogenous ANG II receptors. These cells were transfected to express exogenously high levels of TRH receptors (clone E2) or both TRH receptors and G11α protein (clone E2M11). We observed that the characteristics of the Ca2+ response, as well as the process of desensitization, were both strongly dependent on receptor number and G11α protein level. Whereas treatment of E2 cells with TRH or ANG II led to significant desensitization of the Ca2+ response to subsequent addition of either hormone, the response was not desensitized in E2M11 cells expressing high levels of G11α. In addition, stimulation of both cell lines with THR elicited a clear heterologous desensitization to subsequent stimulation with ANG II. On the other hand, ANG II did not affect a subsequent response to TRH. ANG II‐mediated signal transduction was strongly dependent on plasma membrane integrity modified by cholesterol depletion, but signaling through TRH receptors was altered only slightly under these conditions. It may be concluded that the level of expression of G‐protein‐coupled receptors and their cognate G‐proteins strongly influences not only the magnitude of the Ca2+ response but also the process of desensitization and resistance to subsequent hormone addition. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XML Metadata Services
Authors: Aktas Mehmet S. , Fox Geoffrey C. , Pierce Marlon , Oh Sangyoon 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAs service‐oriented architecture principles have gained importance, an emerging need has appeared for methodologies to locate desired services that provide access to their capability descriptions. These services must typically be assembled into short‐term service collections that, together with code execution services, are combined into a meta‐application to perform a particular task. To address the metadata requirements of these problems, we introduce a hybrid Information Service to manage both stateless and stateful (transient) metadata. We leverage the two widely used Web Service standards: Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) and Web Services Context (WS‐Context), in our design. We describe our approach and experiences when designing ‘semantics’. We report the results from a prototype of the system that is applied to a mobile environment for optimizing Web Service communications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different Reactivity Patterns in the Reactions of the Homologous Trimethylelement Compounds EMe3 (E = Al, Ga, In) with Methylhydrazine
Authors: Uhl Werner , Abel Thomas , Hepp Alexander , Grimme Stefan , Steinmetz Marc 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe trimethylelement compounds EMe3 (E = Al, Ga, In) followed three different reaction courses upon treatment with methylhydrazine, H2N–N(H)Me. AlMe3 reacted at room temperature by releasing 1.5 equiv. methane to yield the sesquihydrazide (Me2Al)3[μ‐NH–N(H)Me]6Al (1), which in the solid state has a hexacoordinate central aluminum atom and six hydrazido groups in the bridging positions to the three terminally arranged AlMe2 groups. Dissociation occurred upon dissolution, and the dialuminum compound Me2Al[μ‐NH–N(H)Me]2Al(Me)[NH–N(H)Me] (2), containing one terminal hydrazido group, was identified unambiguously by NMR spectroscopy. GaMe3 gave a simple adduct, Me3Ga←N(H)Me–NH2 (3), under the same reaction conditions. Boiling toluene was required to initiate a secondary reaction with the release of methane. A bicyclic tetragallium compound, 4, in which a twofold deprotonated hydrazide, [HN–NMe]2–, bridges four gallium atoms, was the result. Each pair of gallium atoms on both sides of the central hydrazinediide ligand is further bridged by the monoanionic hydrazide [HN–N(H)Me]– to yield two annelated, five‐membered Ga2N3 heterocycles. A similar compound, 5, was directly obtained from the reaction of InMe3 with methylhydrazine at room temperature.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Breaking Infinite CuI Carboxylate Helix Held by Cuprophilicity into Discrete Cun Fragments (n = 6, 4, 2)
Authors: Sevryugina Yulia , Petrukhina Marina A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new copper(I) carboxylate complex with 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoate ligands, [Cu(O2C(3,5‐CF3)2C6H3)] (1), has been prepared in high yield and fully characterized. An X‐ray diffraction study revealed a remarkable infinite double‐helical chain motif held together by cuprophilic interactions ranging from 2.69 to 3.14 Å. Both left‐ and right‐handed helices are present in the unit cell of the centrosymmetric structure of 1 thus making the crystalline compound racemic. Complex 1 shows bright emission at ca. 594 nm upon UV/Vis radiation in the solid state (λex = 350 nm). The Cu···Cu contacts in 1 are easily broken in the gas phase to afford copper clusters of ascertained nuclearity upon sublimation with various polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Several polyarenes such as fluoranthene (C16H10), pyrene (C16H10), and coronene (C24H12) were selected to cover a broad temperature range from 130 to 220 °C for the gas‐phase co‐deposition reactions. As a result of the successive temperature increase, cleavage of the infinite copper(I) chain into [Cun(O2C(3,5‐CF3)2C6H3)n] fragments of decreasing nuclearity, n = 6, 4, and 2, has been achieved. The isolation of these units represents the first instance where various polynuclear copper(I) complexes are prepared and structurally characterized for the same carboxylate ligand.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Sensitivity analysis of low Reynolds number channel flow using the finite volume method
Authors: Kirkman R. D. , Metzger M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn unsteady finite volume‐based fractional step algorithm solved on a staggered grid has been developed for computing design sensitivity parameters in two‐dimensional flows. Verification of the numerical code is performed for the case of low Reynolds number, pressure‐driven flow through a straight channel, which has an exact steady‐state solution to the Navier–Stokes equations. Sensitivity of the flow to the channel height, fluid viscosity, and imposed pressure gradient is considered. Three different numerical techniques for computing the design sensitivity parameters: finite difference, complex‐step differentiation, and sensitivity equation method (SEM), are compared in terms of numerical error (relative to the exact solution), computational expense, and ease of implementation. Results indicate that, of all the three methods, complex step is the most accurate and requires the least computational time. In addition, treatment of the boundary conditions in SEM is addressed, within the framework of the present finite volume approach, with special attention given to parameter dependence in the boundary conditions. Error estimation based on the Grid Convergence Index provides a good indication of the exact error in the SEM solutions. An example of application of the use of sensitivity parameters to estimate the propagation of input uncertainty through the numerical simulation is also provided. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interference effect of two equal‐sized square cylinders in tandem arrangement: With planar shear flow
Authors: Lankadasu A. , Vengadesan S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNumerical simulations have been performed for flow past two equal‐sized square cylinders in tandem arrangement subjected to incoming planar shear flow. Effect of L/d ratio and the shear parameter has been studied. The range of L/d ratio (ratio of center‐to‐center distance (L) to cylinder width (d)) is varied from 2 to 7 and the non‐dimensional shear parameter (K) is varied from 0.0 to 0.4 in steps of 0.1. For all the cases the Reynolds number (Re) based on centerline velocity and cylinder width is fixed at 100. The results are compared with that of isolated square cylinder with uniform flow. Strouhal number decreases with increasing shear parameter. There are more than one shedding frequency at high shear parameters and L/d ratios. The mean drag coefficient is decreased with shear parameter and lesser than that of the single cylinder. The root mean square (RMS) value of both lift and drag coefficients is higher for the downstream cylinder for all values of shear parameter. With increasing L/d ratio, for both lift and drag, the RMS value increases and then decreases for upstream cylinder, whereas it continuously increases for the downstream cylinder. The stagnation point is moved towards the top leading edge with increasing shear. The critical L/d ratio, which is defined as the distance between two cylinders, beyond which the vortex shedding from the upstream cylinder occurs, decreases with increasing shear parameter. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ agonist 1,1‐bis(3′‐indolyl)‐1‐(p‐trifluoromethylphenyl)methane suppresses manganese‐induced production of nitric oxide in astrocytes and inhibits apoptosis in cocultured PC12 cells
Authors: Tjalkens Ronald B. , Liu Xuhong , Mohl Brianne , Wright Tyler , Moreno Julie A. , Carbone David L. , Safe Stephen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractReactive astrogliosis is a prominent neuropathologic feature of manganism, a neurodegenerative disorder caused by excessive accumulation of manganese (Mn) in the basal ganglia. Activation of astrocytes has been linked to neuronal injury in manganism resulting from overproduction of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα), interferon‐γ (IFNγ), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and nitric oxide (NO), but the signaling mechanisms by which Mn regulates these factors remain poorly understood. We previously reported that Mn enhances production of NO in activated astrocytes that promotes apoptosis in cocultured neuronal cells by a mechanism involving the transcription factor nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) (Liu et al., 2005). Because NF‐κB‐dependent expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) can be antagonized by the nuclear orphan receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ), we postulated that a novel agonist of this receptor, 1,1‐bis(3′‐indolyl)‐1‐(p‐trifluoromethylphenyl)methane (cDIM1), would suppress expression of NOS2 in astrocytes and protect cocultured neuronal cells from apoptosis. Submicromolar concentrations of cDIM1 potently suppressed production of NO and expression of NOS2 in cultured astrocytes exposed to Mn and IFNγ/TNFα and prevented apoptosis in cocultures of differentiated PC12 cells, but this neuroprotective effect was lost in the absence of astrocytes. By using fluorescence reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, we found that cDIM1 prevented activation of NF‐κB in astrocytes by a mechanism involving stabilization of the nuclear corepressor 2 (NCoR2) on the proximal NF‐κB binding site of the NOS2 promoter. These data suggest that PPARγ may be an effective target for limiting inflammatory activation of astrocytes during neurologic injury. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.