bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of edothelium on the response to propofol on bovine coronary artery rings
Authors: GACAR N. , GOK S. , KALYONCU N. I. , OZEN I. , Soykan N. , AKTURK G. 
Published: January 2009

In this study, the effect of propofol on isolated bovine coronary artery tone was studied in artery rings precontracted with PGF2α. Propofol, in concentrations of 10‐6‐10‐5 M did not change vascular smooth muscle tone, but at high concentrations (10‐4‐10‐1 M) produced relaxation in rings with intact endothelium. In rings denuded of endothelium or treated with methylene blue, propofol produced relaxation at 10‐3‐10‐1 M concentrations, but there was a significant decrease in relaxation compared to endothelium intact rings. In the presence of a calcium agonist (Bay K 8644; 10‐5 M), propofol produced constriction in rings denuded of endothelium.These results suggest that high concentrations of propofol may have vasorelaxant effect on bovine coronary artery and that these effects may be due to actions on the endothelium and mediated by calcium channels.
Evaluation of saccahc eye movements as an objective test of recovery from anaesthesia
Authors: PAUT O. , VERCHER J.‐L. , BLIN O. , LACARELLE B. , MESTRI D. , DURAND A. , GARUTHIER G.M. , CAMBOULIVES J 
Published: January 2009

Saccadic eye movements have been previously used to assess residual effect of anaesthetics, but this test is seldom compared to other psychomotor tests. The aim of the present study was to validate saccades as a recovery index in relation to frequently referred subjective and psychometric tests.Eight healthy subjects were tested before and after intra‐muscular injection of either placebo or 0.15 mg · kg‐1 of midazolam. Each session consisted of a saccadic test (recorded by electro‐oculography), a choice‐rcaction‐time test (CRT), a subjective statc‐of‐alertness test (11 visual analogic scales) and blood sampling (to monitor midazolam plasma concentration), before and 30 (t30;, 60 (t60), 120 (t120), 180 (t180), 240 (t240) minutes after drug administration.In the placebo group, there was no change in subjective assessment, saccade characteristics (latency, peak velocity and duration) or CRT results. In the midazolam group, 6 subjective items changed with different time‐courses, when compared to baseline: from t30 to t120 (drowsy, in shape, tired, clumsy, strong) and at t120 (woolly). Saccade latency and duration were significantly different from t30 to t120 and until t180 for peak velocity. CRT performance was significantly altered from t30 to t120. Midazolam plasma concentration decreased from 177±33 ng · ml‐1 at t30 to 47±12 ng · ml‐1 at t240. At this latter time, sensorimotor functions returned to the baseline. All subjects fulfilled the clinical conditions for home discharge 4 hours after administration.These results suggest that a saccadic eye movement test is a sensitive and reliable tool for the assessment of residual effect of anaesthetics. This test was found to be more sensitive than CRT test since peak saccadic velocity was the last psychometric parameter to be returned to baseline after midazolam injection. This study also confirms the poor reliability of subjective assessment, as subjects tended to underestimate the alteration of their performance immediately following drug injection.
A simple quality control protocol for haemoximetry using standard p50
Authors: MORGAN J. , CLAGUE A. , RAYFIELD J. , ENDRE Z. 
Published: January 2009

We have designed a quality control tool for haemoximetry using the principle that standard p50, calculated from blood gas and haemoximetry measurements using the Siggaard‐Andersen algorithm, remains unchanged when a specimen of venous blood is oxygenated progressively to 97% saturation of haemoglobin. If the haemoximeter is inaccurate, progressively larger deviations of standard p50 from the constant value occur above 80% saturation. Deviations too small to be detected by analysis of quality control materials comprised of non‐haemoglobin dyes and yet sufficient to cause significant errors in derived extractivity parameters can be detected by this method.The suggested protocol is easy to perform, and is recommended as a quality control tool for blood gas analyser/haemoximeters used to determine arterial extractivity parameters.
Oxygraphy in spontaneously breathing subjects
Authors: LARSEN V. H. , WALDAU T. , ØBERG B. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Continuous monitoring of O2 and CO2 in the airways of spontaneously breathing patients can be carried out by sampling air to a gas monitor through a catheter placed in the upper airway. The graphical display of O2 (oxygraphy) is a rather new facility.Objective: To describe the photo‐acoustic and magneto‐acoustic technique for CO2 and O2 monitoring in the open unintubated airway, to evaluate the efficacy of oxygen therapy by oxygraphy and to determine alveolar gas tensions and alveolar‐arterial partial pressure gradients.Data sources: O2 and CO2 fractions in the airways were monitored in 9 healthy subjects. Blood samples were drawn from the radial artery.Methods: The Multigas Monitor 1304 (Brüel and Kjær, Naerum, Denmark) was used; end‐expiratory measurements were considered as representative for the alveolar gas composition. Arterial blood was analysed by ABL™520 (Radiometer Medical A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark).Results: Reliable tracings of gas fractions (FCO2 and FO2) were obtained during the respiratory cycle in all subjects. When oxygen was supplied, FO2 of the airway varied considerably during the inspiratory phase whereas it remained almost constantly during the expiratory phase. The end‐expiratory FO2 increased from 0. 15 breathing atmospheric air to 0. 41 breathing oxygen 15 L/min through a Hudson mask. Alveolar‐arterial partial pressure differences were: pO2(A‐a): 1. 07 ± 0. 85 kPa and pCO2(A‐a): ‐0. 04 ± 0. 33 kPa during norrnoventilation in atmospheric air.Conclusion: Continuous monitoring of CO2 and O2 in the airway gives information about the pulmonary gas exchange and the efficacy of oxygen supply. Combined with arterial blood gas analysis the method allows determination of alveolar‐arterial CO2 or O2 gradients.
Measurements of sodium and potassium in newborns and prematures by ion‐selective electrodes and flame photometry: Influence of lipid and protein content of blood
Authors: KAU N. , GÜNTHER M. , FAHNENSTICH H. , KOWALEWSKI S. , BARTMANN P. 
Published: January 2009

The alternative use of flame photometry and ion selective electrodes for electrolyte determinations in neonatology led to the question how the two methods agree. 104 routine blood samples were taken as matched pairs for a comparison of sodium and potassium determinations. Pre‐analytical error was avoided by the mode of blood collection. The influence of the protein and lipid content of blood on the differences between the methods was determined by calculating its water content and making a post‐correction of the flame values. Thus the differences for sodium could be reduced, whereas the differences for potassium slightly increased.As long as the imprecision of sodium determination is a meaningful methodological problem, the influence of the protein and lipid content of neonatal blood is not the main factor for differences between ISE and flame photometry.
Computerized form of Siggaard‐Andersen's double chart
Authors: JABOR A. , HORÁČEK M. 
Published: January 2009

A description of the computer program IEFPlus is given. The program is based on the sodium‐potassium double chart for classification of salt‐water disturbances presented by Siggaard‐Andersen.Input variables of the program are: 1. the concentration of sodium in the plasma, representing the sodium concentration in the Ecf, 2. the relative potassium deficit or excess in the Icf, estimated on the basis of the plasma potassium concentration and the blood pH, and 3. the total water excess or deficit in the body estimated on the basis of the change in body weight.Output variables are: 1. the sodium excess or deficit in the Ecf, and 2. the volumes of the Ecf and Icf (and/or the changes in either one). This simple model is displayed in one screen showing the values of all the essential parameters many of which can be easily changed. A graphic display of the Icf and Ecf volumes is also given. IEFPlus enables the user to predict the effect of sodium and water administration. Similarly the effect of renal or extrarenal water and sodium losses can be taken into account.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in ischaemia‐reperfusion
Authors: SARIS N.‐E. L. , ERIKSSON K. O. 
Published: January 2009

The mitochondrial dysfunction in ischaemia‐reperfusion is shortly reviewed. During ischaemia the ATP level and pH drops, phospholipids are degraded, membrane permeabilities increased and the cytosolic levels of Na+ and Ca2+ raised. During the following reperfusion the Ca2+ levels may further increase while pH is raised. The oxidative phosphorylation is resumed and the ATP used for membrane repair and ion pumping. The mitochondrial Ca2+ handling is important in removing Ca2+ from the cytosol since the mitochondria are able to take up substantial amounts of Ca2*. However, if a certain threshold is exceeded, mitochondria undergo a so‐called permeability transition (MPT), release their Ca2+, undergo swelling and become uncoupled. MPT has been shown to be due to the opening of large pore allowing passage of substances with a M8 <1500. Data are presented showing by electron microscopy swelling of mitochondria in cells in perfused liver before other gross morphological changes have taken place.There are a number of factors lowering the threshold for Ca2+ in inducing the MPT: inorganic phosphate, prooxidants that oxidize membrane SH‐groups, oxidation of NAD(P)H and GSH, while a protective effect is exerted by Mg2+, ADP (and ATP), some antioxidants, carnitine, decrease in pH, and cyclosporin A that binds to cyclophilin. The potential benefit of these in minimizing reperfusion‐induced tissue damage is discussed.
Amrinone reverses bupivacaine‐induced regional myocardial dysfunction
Authors: Fujita Y. 
Published: January 2009

Amrinone has been shown to have therapeutic effects on bupivacaine‐induced cardiovascular toxicity, but its exact effects on the heart are not well understood.This study evaluated the regional myocardial effect of amrinone on bupivacaine‐induced cardiovascular toxicity inin situbeating hearts in 10 dogs using a selective coronary perfusion and sono‐micrometry. In the control group, bupivacaine was administered into the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 15 min at tour steps: baseline, step 1, step 2 and step 3, (calculated LAD plasma concentrations; 0, 5, 5 and 10 μg·ml‐1, respectively). In the amrinone group, amrinone (5 μg·ml‐1) was simultaneously infused at steps 2 and 3 in addition to bupivacaine infusions. Regional myocardial function of the LAD supplied area was evaluated by analysis of the left ventricular pressure‐segment length loop.In the control group, systolic shortening decreased from the baseline (10.5±1.3%, mean ± SEM) to step 3 (0.1±1.3%), and post‐systolic shortening increased from the baseline (18.0±3.7%) to step 3 (52.3±5.5%) dose‐dependently. In contrast, with amrinone infusion at steps 2 and 3, both variables returned to near baseline values.These results indicate that amrinone reverses bupivacaine‐induced regional myocardial dysfunction.
Influence of anesthetic technique on early postoperative hypoxemia
Authors: Georgiou L. G. , Vourlioti A. N. , Kremastinou F. I. , Stefanou P. S. , Tsiotou A. G. , Kokkinou M. D. 
Published: January 2009

In the present study we have compared the incidence and degree of hypoxemia during the early postoperative period and for the first 3 nights after operation occuring after the administration ot total intravenous anesthesia with propofol versus inhalation anesthesia with nitrous oxide and isoflurane.We studied 50 consecutive non‐obese patients, ages 25–65, ASA I‐11, who were scheduled for elective cholecystectomy. Patients received randomly either total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (24 patients) or inhalation anesthesia with nitrous oxide and isoflurane (26 patients). Oxygen saturation was continously recorded on the night before surgery, for 8 hours after extubation (early postoperative period) and during the first, second and third nights after operation.In the early postoperative period we found statistically significant higher values of mean (P<0.05) and minimum (P<0.01) SpO2 in patients who received total intravenous anesthesia compared to patients in whom inhalation anesthesia was used. Moreover, in the early postoperative period, 4 (16.7%) patients of the intravenous anesthesia group versus 11 (42.3%) patients of the inhalation anesthesia group had at least 1 hypoxemic event (P<0.05).We conclude that the incidence and degree of hypoxemia in the early postoperative period is significantly less when total intravenous anesthesia with propofol is used.
Effects of pH and buffer capacity modulation on the analgesic efficacy of lignocaine and pethidine solutions
Authors: Dyhre H. , Wallin R. , Renck H. 
Published: January 2009

Background.Objectives were to study the effects of variations in the pH and the buffer capacity of solutions of lignocaine or pethidine on their analgesic efficacy in peripheral nerve block.Methods.Infraorbital nerve blocks (IONB) were induced in rats during light pentobarbitone anaesthesia employing 0.2 ml of test solutions containing 10 mg · ml‐1of lignocaine or pethidine dissolved in normal saline, 50 mmol and 150 mmol tris‐hydroxymethylaminomethane (THAM) hydrochloride (THAM · HCI) of pH 4.8 and 4.5, respectively, or 100 mmol THAM‐THAM · HCI of pH 7.4. The pH of solutions in saline was varied from 3.0 to 9.3 by adding HCI or NaHCO3. The analgesic efficacy is expressed as the interval from injection to elicitation of a minimal response to electric stimulation at various intensities (threshold intensities) within the blocked area (IONB 3 to 10), and in terms of the area under the curve (AUC, threshold intensitiesvs.time).Results.When dissolved in saline, pH 7.4, pethidine exerted more pronounced effects than lignocaine [AUC by 3.5 times (P<0.001), IONB 3 to 10 by 2.7 (P<0.05) to 3.6 (P< 0.001) times]. Variations of the pH of solutions did not affect their analgesic efficacy. Lignocaine exerted more pronounced local analgesic effects when mixed with 150 mmol THAM · HCI than when mixed with saline (pH 7.4), but manifested even more pronounced effects when dissolved in THAM+THAM · HCI [AUC by 3.7 times (P<0.001), IONB 3 to 10 by 2.7 (P0.01) to 3.8 (P<0.001) times]. When dissolved in THAM+THAM · HCI, the analgesic efficacy of pethidine increased by 2.0 to 2.8 times (P<0.001), as compared to a solution in saline at the same pH.Conclusions.It is concluded that variations in the pH of solutions of lignocaine or pethidine in saline does not affect the analgesic efficacy of the drugs, presumably due to the low buffer capacity of the medium, whereas when dissolved in THAM+THAM · HCI · their effect is enhanced.
Effects of heparin and low molecular weight heparin on lipid transport during parenteral feeding in the rat
Authors: Rothi B , Ekelund M. , Fan B.‐G. , Ekstroivi U. , Nilsson‐Ehle P. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Treatment with heparin has been reported to interfere with lipid metabolism by release of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) into the circulation. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects on LPL activity by anticoagulants in combination with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in the rat. In an earlier investigation we could show that TPN, per se, caused a three‐fold increase of triglyceride content in liver tissue, retention of lipids in the circulation and disturbed cholesterol metabolism with accumulation of cholesterol in the non High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of lipoproteins. The activity of Hepatic Lipase (HL) was decreased, while the activities of LPL in adipose tissue and heart were up‐regulated.Methods: Effects on lipid metabolism by TPN for seven days with or without simultaneous administration of heparin or Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) were studied in 52 healthy male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Combinations of Heparin or LMWH and discontinuous or continuous administration of TPN solutions (including approximately 8g triglycerides/kg body weight daily) were investigated.Results: Addition of LMWH, but not heparin, to treatment with TPN resulted in significant up‐regulation of LPL activity in the heart. Combination of heparin and continuous administration of TPN solutions was followed by modest, but significant, increases of S‐Triglycerides and HDL‐Triglycerides. No differences between the TPN groups were observed concerning liver steatosis, cholesterol metabolism, phospholipid metabolism or HL activity.Conclusion: Treatment with LMWH during TPN resulted in up‐regulated LPL activity in the heart, which might represent a compensatory mechanism for enzyme release from the capillary walls induced by anticoagulants. Administration of heparin, a more effective lipase‐releasing agent, was not associated with increased LPL activity. Heparin treatment in combination with continuous TPN administration was followed by increased levels of triglycerides in blood and HDL particles, suggesting that treatment with heparin might have impaired the capacity for LPL up‐regulation, resulting in the development of hyperlipidemia. Further investigations are necessary for evaluation of the mechanisms. Depletion of LPL activity could not be demonstrated by this study in healthy rats.
Leucocyte depletion filter removes cancer cells in human blood
Authors: Kongsgaard U. E. , Wang M. Y. , Kvalheim G. 
Published: January 2009

Background. Autologous blood transfusion has been avoided in cancer surgery because of the metastatic potential of reinfused tumour cells.Methods. This study evaluated the efficacy of a blood transfusion filter in removing tumour cells from blood. Whole human blood was admixed with two different malignant cell lines (breast cancer PMI and MCF7). The blood was filtered through a RC400TE leucocyte depletion filter. Unfiltered blood was used as a control. Detection of malignant cells was performed with immuno‐magnetic beads and clonogenic assays.Results No viable tumour cells were found after filtration with the leucocyte depletion filter.Conclusion. These findings suggest that the use of a leucocyte filter after intra‐operative blood salvage may make autotrans‐fusion safe even in tumour surgery.
Hypertonic‐hyperoncotic solution increases canine lymph flows
Authors: Wickerts C.‐J. , Berg B. , Blomqvist H. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Hypertonic‐hyperoncotic solutions (HHS) have attracted a lot of interest in the treatment of various forms of hypovolaemic conditions during the last decade. It has been speculated that HHS might even be of therapeutic value in normo‐ and hypervolaemic conditions by mobilising extravascular fluid.Methods: We studied thoracic and abdominal lymphatic flows and circulatory response following the administration of a single bolus injection of hypertonic‐hyperoncotic solution, 10% dextran 60 in 7.2% saline (HHS), in a nonhypovolaemic canine model. A modified surgical procedure for collecting thoracic lymp is also presented.Results: Both thoracic and abdominal lymph flow increased significantly by approximately 50% after administration of HHS. Cardiac output and calculated pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure increased.Conclusion: Hypertonic‐hyperoncotic solution given intravenously as a single injection increased both thoracic and abdominal lymph flows in the initially normovolaemic animal.
Balanced analgesia improves recovery and outcome after outpatient tubal ligation
Authors: Eriksson H. , Tenhunen A. , Korttila K. 
Published: January 2009

Outpatient surgery benefits patients only if postoperative sequelae are effectively treated. After laparoscopic tubal ligation (TL) intense pain and consequent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has been a problem delaying recovery and resulting in hospital admission.Ninety patients were randomised to this double‐blind study, the aim being to evaluate the effect of balanced analgesia on postoperative pain and recovery after sterilization. The balanced analgesia group received 5 ml of 2% lidocaine gel on the sterilization clips and perioperatively 200 mg of ketoprofen i.v. The lidocaine group received 5 ml of 2% lidocaine gel on the clips and placebo i.v. perioperatively. The placebo group received 5 ml of placebo gel on the clips and placebo i.v. perioperatively. Infusion of propofol and 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen were used for maintenance of anesthesia. Succinylcholine and vecuronium were used for muscle relaxation and 0.1 mg of fentanyl i.v. was given to dl patients at induction of anesthesia.Postoperative pain and analgesic requirements, incidence of POW and need for antiemetic medication were all significantly lower in the balanced analgesia group. Home readiness was consistently achieved 70–90 min sooner in the balanced analgesia group compared to the other groups (P < 0.01 between the balanced analgesia and the placebo group), and the patients were able to return to normal activity sooner (cumulatively 93% of the patients in the balanced analgesia group vs. 60% in the other two groups (P < 0.01 between the balanced analgesia and the other groups) had returned to normal activity on the 2nd postoperative day).It is concluded that in patients undergoing laparoscopic TL the combination of analgesic regimens with different mechanisms of action offer a simple and efficient way of postoperative pain relief, as well as an improvement of quality (i.e. less PONV) and speed of recovery.
The influence of alfentanil pre‐treatment on ventilatory effects of doxapram following induction of anaesthesia with propofol
Authors: O‘connor B. , Levy D. M. , Peacock J. E. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Hypoventilation may occur following induction of anaesthesia with propofol and is potentiated by concurrent use of opioid drugs. This effect is undesirable in patients who will continue to maintain spontaneous respiration during anaesthesia and surgery. The analeptic drug doxapram is known to have selective respiratory stimulatory effects but its action during induction of anaesthesia has been inconsistent.Method: In a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, the influence of alfentanil pre‐treatment on the ventilatory effects of doxapram given during induction of anaesthesia with propofol was studied in 40 patients. Four groups of ten patients (two groups pre‐treated with 7 μg·kg‐1 of alfentanil and two groups with saline) were randomly allocated to receive either 0.5 mg·kg‐1doxapram or saline following infusion of propofol to loss of verbal contact.Results: In the groups that received doxapram, minute volumes were significantly increased and end‐tidal carbon dioxide concentrations were significantly reduced compared to control groups, although the duration and extent of these effects were less in the group that received alfentanil. Doxapram also reversed an alfentanil‐induced reduction in respiratory rate. No adverse cardiovascular or neurological stimulatory effects of doxapram were evident at any time.Conclusion: We conclude that doxapram 0.5 mg·kg‐1 is effective in augmenting ventilation that has been obtunded following induction of anaesthesia with propofol in patients pre‐treated with alfentanil.