bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Conditions Promoting Compromise in the Workplace
Authors: Bélanger Jacques , Edwards Paul 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA previous article developed a framework to understand workplace co‐operation. We now elaborate on the key structuring conditions (technology, product markets and institutional regulation) generating different patterns and illustrate from field research how these different workplace regimes develop. Conditions generating positive and sustainable outcomes for both capital and labour are feasible but rare; stronger ‘beneficial constraints’ are needed if they are to be made more frequent. This article provides an alternative to current interpretations of labour–management co‐operation in the industrial relations literature.
German Academics in British Universities During the First World War: The Case of Karl Wichmann1
Authors: Husbands Christopher T. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTDespite the scholarly attention given to the treatment of Germans in Great Britain during the First World War, there are only sparse details in this historical literature about how those of German origin working specifically in higher education were treated. This article considers Professors of German of German origin in British higher education, focusing on the hitherto little‐reported case of Karl Wichmann (better known as a minor German/English lexicographer), who was employed as Professor of German at the University of Birmingham from 1907 to 1917. It considers the circumstances leading to Wichmann's resignation in March 1917 and discusses the known details of what happened to him thereafter.
Wunderkammer und Apokalypse: Zu W.G. Sebalds Poetik des Sammelns zwischen Barock und Moderne
Authors: Finkelde Dominik 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTDer Artikel widmet sich der Frage, inwiefern Sebald das Motiv des Sammelns Teil seiner Poetik werden lässt. Dabei zeigen Querverweise zu Walter Benjamin, Robert Burton und Thomas Browne, dass Sebalds Manie des Sammelns (von Fragmenten, Fotos, etc.) sich am Kombinationsprinzip der barocken Wunderkammer orientiert und sein Stil verschachtelter Sätze von der Hypotaxe Thomas Brownes geprägt ist.So wie Goethe und Stifter für Sammel‐Konzepte des 19. Jahrhunderts, Walter Benjamin und Ernst Jünger für die erste Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts genannt werden können, so artikuliert Sebalds Poetik ein Sammelkonzept der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts und indirekt auch eine mit der Struktur seiner Romane eng verbundene Theorie eines Sammelns nach Auschwitz. Ein Leben geprägt durch innere Zerstreuung braucht für seine Figuren mit pathologischer Notwendigkeit die wiederholte Bestätigung, im gesammelten Fragment, Foto, in der einzelnen Briefmarke eine Inspirationsquelle der Phantasie zur Rekonstruktion verlorener innerer Sammlung zu finden.
Wie viel Diskurs braucht ein Wörterbuch? Das Stichwort Globalisierung im elexiko‐Wörterbuch
Authors: Storjohann Petra 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTIn gängigen deutschen Wörterbüchern liegen für diskursrelevante Ausdrücke keine angemessenen Beschreibungsformen vor. Darauf haben bereits Strauß, Haß und Harras (1989: 10) in Brisante Wörter von Agitation bis Zeitgeist hingewiesen. Hierfür gibt es unterschiedliche Ursachen, wie beispielsweise zu sehr in der Tradition verhaftete lexikografische Methoden und Datengrundlagen; es liegt aber auch daran, dass nach wie vor häufig in der deutschen Lexikografie Aspekte des Diskurses für die Bedeutungskonstituierung bei gesellschaftspolitischen Schlüsselwörtern unberücksichtigt bleiben. Die Bedeutung konfliktträchtigen Vokabulars (z. B. Ausdrücke wie Globalisierung, Humankapital, Kollateralschaden) kann aber nicht ohne diskurssemantische Erklärungen beschrieben werden, da es in seinem Gebrauch Zeit‐, Kultur‐ und Mentalitätsgeschichte reflektiert und die Sprechergemeinschaft bezüglich ihrer Einstellung zu solchen Ausdrücken spaltet.In diesem Beitrag soll dargestellt werden, welche Rolle die sprachwissenschaftliche Diskursanalyse bei der Bedeutungserfassung spielen kann, und wie unterschiedliche Bewertungen und inhaltliche Thematisierungen seitens der Sprechergemeinschaft beim Gebrauch brisanter Begriffe in der öffentlichen Kommunikation zum Ausdruck kommen. Mithilfe einer konkreten linguistisch‐diskursorientierten Untersuchung des Ausdrucks Globalisierung soll die enge Verflechtung von Sprachanalyse mit Zeit‐ und Kulturgeschichte verdeutlicht werden.
“Mirror Neurons,” Collective Objects and the Problem of Transmission: Reconsidering Stephen Turner's Critique of Practice Theory
Authors: LIZARDO OMAR 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I critically examineStephen Turner's (1994)critique of practice theory in light of recent neurophysiological discoveries regarding the “mirror neuron system” in the pre‐frontal mo‐tor cortex of humans and other primates. I argue that two of Turner's strongest objections against the sociological version of the practice‐theoretical account, the problem of transmission and the problem of sameness, are substantially undermined when examined from the perspective of re‐cently systematized accounts of embodied learning and intersubjective action understanding in‐spired by these developments. In addition, I show that the practice‐theoretical framework out‐lined by Pierre Bourdieu in the Logic of Practice and other works is, in contrast to Turner's por‐trayal of a confused hodgepodge of logical errors and empirical impossibilities, largely consistent with the latest neurophysiological evidence and as such fundamentally foreshadowed more recent understandings of the neurocognitive foundations of the perception, understanding and structure of the motor schemes productive of action in the world. Also in line with these newer neurosci‐entific developments, the practice‐theoretical focus on the body as the central matrix generative of tacit understandings and analogical operations responsible for “higher order” systems of classi‐fication emerges as the key to solving some of the thorniest problems in the theory of action: eliminating to need to resort to unwarranted “collective object” explanations for the origins of shared presuppositional frameworks.
Mirror Neurons and Practices: A Response to Lizardo
Authors: TURNER STEPHEN P. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTLizardo argues that The Social Theory of Practices is refuted by the discovery of mirror neurons. The book argues that the kind of sameness of tacit mental content assumed by practice theorists such as Bourdieu is fictional, because there is no actual process by which the same mental content can be transmitted. Mirror neurons, Lizardo claims, provide such a mechanism, as they imply that bodily automatisms, which can be understood as the basis of habitus and concepts, can be shared and copied from one person to another. This response to Lizardo points out that the Gallese arguments on which Lizardo relies relate to phylogenetic and universal body movements, not to the learned movements characteristic of practices, and that there is no sameness producing mechanism parallel to the genetic one.
Fractal dimension as a quantitator of the microvasculature of normal and adenomatous pituitary tissue
Authors: Di Ieva Antonio , Grizzi Fabio , Ceva‐Grimaldi Giorgia , Russo Carlo , Gaetani Paolo , Aimar Enrico , Levi Daniel , Pisano Patrizia , Tancioni Flavio , Nicola Giancarlo , Tschabitscher Manfred , Dioguardi Nicola , Baena Riccardo Rodriguez y 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIt is well known that angiogenesis is a complex process that accompanies neoplastic growth, but pituitary tumours are less vascularized than normal pituitary glands. Several analytical methods aimed at quantifying the vascular system in two‐dimensional histological sections have been proposed, with very discordant results. In this study we investigated the non‐Euclidean geometrical complexity of the two‐dimensional microvasculature of normal pituitary glands and pituitary adenomas by quantifying the surface fractal dimension that measures its space‐filling property. We found a statistical significant difference between the mean vascular surface fractal dimension estimated in normal versus adenomatous tissues (P = 0.01), normal versus secreting adenomatous tissues (P = 0.0003), and normal versus non‐secreting adenomatous tissues (P = 0.047), whereas the difference between the secreting and non‐secreting adenomatous tissues was not statistically significant. This study provides the first demonstration that fractal dimension is an objective and valid quantitator of the two‐dimensional geometrical complexity of the pituitary gland microvascular network in physiological and pathological states. Further studies are needed to compare the vascular surface fractal dimension estimates in different subtypes of pituitary tumours and correlate them with clinical parameters in order to evaluate whether the distribution pattern of vascular growth is related to a particular state of the pituitary gland.
Microbial stabilization of riverine sediments by extracellular polymeric substances
Authors: GERBERSDORF SABINE ULRIKE , JANCKE THOMAS , WESTRICH BERNHARD , PATERSON DAVID M. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTSediment stability is a critical component for the understanding of cohesive sediment dynamics. Traditionally, physico‐chemical sediment conditions have been regarded as most important drivers of sediment stability. However, over the last decade, the stabilization of sediment by biological activity, particularly the influence of highly hydrated matrices of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) has been given increasing attention. However, most studies have focused on the sediment/water interface and, usually, of marine systems. The present study exploits current knowledge of EPS dynamics from marine systems and applies it to freshwater habitats, also considering a wide range of biological and physico‐chemical variables. Natural sediments were taken from a freshwater site with high levels of heavy metal pollution (Lauffen reservoir, River Neckar, Germany). Vertical profiles from the flocculent surface layer to depth of 50 cm within the sediment were investigated, monthly, over the course of year. Tubificidae and Chironomidae larvae constituted the majority of the macrofauna. Despite the turbidity of the water column, a highly diverse and abundant microphytobenthic community of diatoms (11–82 µg g−1 DW) was found at the sediment surface closely associated with high numbers of bacteria (109 cells g−1 DW). The concentrations of all EPS moieties were remarkably high (0.1–0.5, 1.7–3.8, 0.9–5.2 mg g−1 DW, for colloidal and bound carbohydrates and proteins, respectively) and levels were comparable to those determined in intertidal studies. The microalgal and bacterial biomass both showed strong correlations with the colloidal and bound EPS carbohydrate fractions. The data suggested that the present macrofauna as well as the metabolic activities of microalgae and bacteria interact with sedimentological factors to influence the properties of the sediment by binding fine‐grained sediment, changing water content and enhancing the organic content through secretion products. The colloidal and bound EPS moieties showed strong correlation with the critical shear stress for erosion over sediment depth. It is suggested that the cohesive strength of the sediment was controlled by a high number of active adsorption sites and higher charge densities in fine grained sediments. The EPS network may significantly enhance this by embedding particles and permeating the void space but also in offering additional ionic binding sites and cross‐linkages.
Effects of vertical distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen on root growth and subsequent nitrogen uptake by field vegetable crops
Authors: Kristensen H. L. , Thorup‐Kristensen K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractInformation is needed about root growth and N uptake of crops under different soil conditions to increase nitrogen use efficiency in horticultural production. The purpose of this study was to investigate if differences in vertical distribution of soil nitrogen (Ninorg) affected root growth and N uptake of a variety of horticultural crops. Two field experiments were performed each over 2 years with shallow or deep placement of soil Ninorg obtained by management of cover crops. Vegetable crops of leek, potato, Chinese cabbage, beetroot, summer squash and white cabbage reached root depths of 0.5, 0.7, 1.3, 1.9, 1.9 and more than 2.4 m, respectively, at harvest, and showed rates of root depth penetration from 0.2 to 1.5 mm day−1 °C−1. Shallow placement of soil Ninorg resulted in greater N uptake in the shallow‐rooted leek and potato. Deep placement of soil Ninorg resulted in greater rates of root depth penetration in the deep‐rooted Chinese cabbage, summer squash and white cabbage, which increased their depth by 0.2–0.4 m. The root frequency was decreased in shallow soil layers (white cabbage) and increased in deep soil layers (Chinese cabbage, summer squash and white cabbage). The influence of vertical distribution of soil Ninorg on root distribution and capacity for depletion of soil Ninorg was much less than the effect of inherent differences between species. Thus, knowledge about differences in root growth between species should be used when designing crop rotations with high N use efficiency.
Water‐table management in lowland UK peat soils and its potential impact on CO2 emission
Authors: Kechavarzi C. , Dawson Q. , Leeds‐Harrison P. B. , Szatyłowicz J. , Gnatowski T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe rate of oxidation of peat soils is highly seasonal and varies with temperature and soil moisture content. Large variations in soil moisture content result in wet–dry cycles that can enhance peat degradation. Water‐table management plays a crucial role in controlling and damping the effect of these environmental factors. However, maintaining high ditch water levels in fields bounded by ditches does not guarantee a high field groundwater level. The effect of installing subsurface irrigation at different spacings on water table elevation was studied in a low‐lying peat grassland. The water table elevation data were compared against values predicted with a water balance model. In addition, greenhouse experiments were carried out on undisturbed soil core samples collected from the peat grassland as well as a low‐lying peatland under intensive arable faming to measure CO2 evolution under different water regimes. The field data from the peat grassland suggest that sub‐irrigation spacing as low as 10 m is necessary during summer periods to maintain groundwater levels similar to those in the ditches. Over the same period of observation, the difference in water level between the ditches and the non‐irrigated fields is as high as 0.7 m. Modelled outputs are in good correlation with the field observations, and demonstrate that simple water balance models can provide an effective tool to study the effect of water management practices and potential changes in subsurface conditions, climate and land use on water‐table levels. The measurement of CO2 emission from undisturbed peat soil columns shows that the rate of oxidation of soil organic matter from peat soils is highly seasonal and that drainage exacerbates the rate of peat mineralization.
Clinical profiles of autopsy‐confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies at institutionalization: Comparison with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: FUJISHIRO Hiroshige , UMEGAKI Hiroyuki , SUZUKI Yusuke , ISOJIMA Daisuke , AKATSU Hiroyasu , IKARI Hiroyuki , IGUCHI Akihisa , KOSAKA Kenji 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground:  It has been reported that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients with Lewy pathology have a shorter time from a given baseline to institutionalization than those with AD alone. Taking the clinical distinction between dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and AD into consideration, the previous findings may indicate the possibility that the clinical characteristics of DLB patients have an influence on early institutionalization. This study was carried out to clarify whether there are any differences in the symptoms that required institutionalization between patients with DLB and those with AD.Methods:  Hospital records and standardized data forms completed at admission to a residential care facility were reviewed to assess the profiles in all cases with autopsy‐confirmed diagnoses for correct differential diagnosis. We examined functional, cognitive and symptomatic conditions at admission to a residential care facility of 18 DLB and 35 AD patients whose diagnoses were confirmed by autopsy. The examinations were conducted using the Gottfries‐Bråne‐Steen (GBS) scale and cognitive tests, and the results were compared between the two groups of patients.Results:  Hallucinations, impaired wakefulness, disturbance of ADL and emotional disturbance, common clinical features compatible with DLB, were more frequently observed in DLB patients than in AD patients (P < 0.05). Moreover, DLB patients had higher scores on cognitive tests than did AD patients at admission to a residential care facility (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  The distinctive clinical features at admission to a residential care facility may indicate that the reasons for the necessity of institutionalization are different between DLB and AD, and that the interventions specific to DLB patients and their families would be necessary to prevent or postpone institutionalization.
Chlamydomonas raudensis (UWO 241), Chlorophyceae, exhibits the capacity for rapid D1 repair in response to chronic photoinhibition at low temperature1
Authors: Pocock Tessa H. , Koziak Alexandra , Rosso Dominic , Falk Stefan , Hüner Norman P. A. 
Published: September 2007

Maximum photosynthetic capacity indicates that the Antarctic psychrophile Chlamydomonas raudensis H. Ettl UWO 241 is photosynthetically adapted to low temperature. Despite this finding, C. raudensis UWO 241 exhibited greater sensitivity to low‐temperature photoinhibition of PSII than the mesophile Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P. A. Dang. However, in contrast with results for C. reinhardtii, the quantum requirement to induce 50% photoinhibition of PSII in C. raudensis UWO 241 (50 μmol photons) was comparable at either 8°C or 29°C. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a photoautotroph whose susceptibility to photoinhibition is temperature independent. In contrast, the capacity of the psychrophile to recover from photoinhibition of PSII was sensitive to temperature and inhibited at 29°C. The maximum rate of recovery from photoinhibition of the psychrophile at 8°C was comparable to the maximum rate of recovery of the mesophile at 29°C. We provide evidence that photoinhibition in C. raudensis UWO 241 is chronic rather than dynamic. The photoinhibition‐induced decrease in the D1 content in C. raudensis recovered within 30 min at 8°C. Both the recovery of the D1 content as well as the initial fast phase of the recovery of Fv/Fm at 8°C were inhibited by lincomycin, a chloroplast protein synthesis inhibitor. We conclude that the susceptibility of C. raudensis UWO 241 to low‐temperature photoinhibition reflects its adaptation to low growth irradiance, whereas the unusually rapid rate of recovery at low temperature exhibited by this psychrophile is due to a novel D1 repair cycle that is adapted to and is maximally operative at low temperature.
Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae) accessions1
Authors: Martino Alessandra De , Meichenin Agnès , Shi Juan , Pan Kehou , Bowler Chris 
Published: September 2007

In the last few years, genome‐based studies in diatoms have received a major boost following the genome sequencing of the centric species Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal and the pleiomorphic raphid pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin. In addition, molecular tools, such as genetic transformation, have been developed for both species. Despite these molecular advances, relatively little is known regarding the genetic diversity of the available strains of these diatoms. In this study, we have compiled a historical summary of the known P. tricornutum species resources and have provided a genetic and phenotypic overview of 10 different axenic strains. Examination of intraspecies genetic diversity based on internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses indicate four different genotypes. Seven strains are predominantly fusiform, whereas one strain is predominantly oval, and another is predominantly triradiate. Another is defined as a tropical strain because it appears better acclimated to growth at higher temperatures. Observations in the natural environment indicate that P. tricornutum is a coastal marine diatom that is able to adapt to unstable environments, such as estuaries and rock pools. Because it has rarely been noted in nature, we have developed specific primers to amplify ITS2 sequences and have successfully identified it in environmental samples. These resources should become useful tools for the diatom community when combined with the whole genome sequence and will open up a range of new possibilities for experimental investigations that can exploit the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics described.
Liquidity and the Law of One Price: The Case of the Futures‐Cash Basis
Authors: ROLL RICHARD , SCHWARTZ EDUARDO , SUBRAHMANYAM AVANIDHAR 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTDeviations from no‐arbitrage relations should be related to market liquidity, because liquidity facilitates arbitrage. At the same time, a wide futures‐cash basis may trigger arbitrage trades and, in turn, affect liquidity. We test these ideas by studying the dynamic relation between stock market liquidity and the index futures basis. There is evidence of two‐way Granger causality between the short‐term absolute basis and liquidity, and liquidity Granger‐causes longer‐term absolute bases. Shocks to the absolute basis predict future stock market liquidity. The evidence suggests that liquidity enhances the efficiency of the futures‐cash pricing system.
Price Convexity and Skewness
Authors: XU JIANGUO 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper develops a model in which investors who are prohibited from short selling agree to disagree on the precision of a publicly observed signal. The model implies that the equilibrium price is a convex function of the public signal. The model predicts that (1) the stock price reacts more to good news than to bad news; (2) the skewness of stock returns is positively correlated with contemporaneous returns, but negatively correlated with lagged returns; (3) short sale constraints increase rather than decrease skewness; and (4) disagreement about information precision increases skewness. Empirical tests conducted find supportive evidence for all these predictions.
Longterm results of deep lamellar keratoplasty using grafts with endothelium
Authors: Higaki Shiro , Hori Yuichi , Maeda Naoyuki , Watanabe Hitoshi , Inoue Yoshitsugu , Shimomura Yoshikazu 
Published: September 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To report the longterm results of deep lamellar keratoplasty (DLK) using grafts with their own endothelia.Methods:  Fourteen eyes of 14 patients underwent DLK using grafts with endothelium. The average follow‐up was approximately 80.0 months. Preoperative diagnoses included: corneal leukoma (five eyes); gelatinous drop‐like corneal dystrophy (three eyes); Avellino corneal dystrophy (two eyes); corneal perforation (two eyes); corneal mucopolysaccharidosis (one eye), and keratoconus (one eye).Results:  Corrected visual acuity was improved in 13 eyes (93%), but ruptures of Descemet's membrane occurred in six eyes (43%) and a double anterior chamber was found in five eyes (36%) postoperatively. Despite this, all grafts remained clear as a result of their functioning endothelia.Conclusions:  Deep lamellar keratoplasty using a graft with its own endothelium is a safe and valuable procedure with flexibility and feasibility that should suit corneal surgeons of all levels.