bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The altered TBI fecal microbiome is stable and functionally distinct
Authors: Pyles Richard B. , Miller Aaron L. , Urban Randall J. , Sheffield-Moore Melinda , Wright Traver J. , Maxwell Carrie A. , Randolph Kathleen M. , Danesi Christopher P. , McGovern Kristen A. , Vargas Jayson , Armstrong Peyton , Kreber Lisa , Cumpa Giuliana , Randall Kevin , Morrison Melissa , Masel Brent E. 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionPatients who suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI) often experience chronic and sometimes debilitating sequelae. Recent reports have illustrated both acute and long-term dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiome with significant alterations in composition and predicted functional consequences.MethodsWorking with participants from past research, metagenomic stability of the TBI- associated fecal microbiome (FMB) was evaluated by custom qPCR array comparing a fecal sample from 2015 to one collected in 2020. Metatranscriptomics identified differently expressed bacterial genes and biochemical pathways in the TBI FMB. Microbiota that contributed the largest RNA amounts identified a set of core bacteria most responsible for functional consequences of the TBI FMB.ResultsA remarkably stable FMB metagenome with significant similarity (two-tail Spearman nonparametric correlation p &lt; 0.001) was observed between 2015 and 2020 fecal samples from subjects with TBI. Comparing the 2020 TBI FMB metagenome to FMBs from healthy controls confirmed and extended the dysbiotic genera and species. Abundance differences between average TBI and healthy FMBs revealed Bacteroides caccae, B. uniformis, Blautia spp., Collinsella spp., Dialister spp., and Ordoribacter spp. were significantly different. Functionally, the Parabacteroides genus contributed the highest percentage of RNA sequences in control FMBs followed by the Bacteroides genus as the second highest contributor. In the TBI FMB, the Corynebacterium genus contributed the most RNA followed by the Alistipes genus. Corynebacterium and Pseudomonas were distinct in the top 10 contributing genera in the TBI FMB while Parabacteroides and Ruminococcus were unique to the top 10 in controls. Comparing RNA profiles, TBI samples had ∼1.5 fold more expressed genes with almost 700 differently expressed genes (DEGs) mapped to over 100 bacterial species. Bioinformatic analysis associated DEGs with pathways led identifying 311 functions in the average TBI FMB profile and 264 in the controls. By average profile comparison, 30 pathways had significantly different abundance (p &lt; 0.05, t-test) or were detected in &gt;80% of the samples in only one of the cohorts (binary distinction).DiscussionFunctional differences between TBI and healthy control FMBs included amino acid metabolism, energy and carbon source usage, fatty acid metabolism, bacterial cell wall component production and nucleic acid synthesis and processing pathways. Together these data shed light on the functional consequences of the dysbiotic TBI FMB decades after injury.
A Mediterranean diet plan in lactating women with obesity reduces maternal energy intake and modulates human milk composition – a feasibility study
Authors: Sims Clark R. , Saben Jessica L. , Martinez Audrey , Sobik Sarah R. , Crimmins Meghan R. , Bulmanski Jessica E. , Turner Donald , Furst Annalee , Jansen Lisa T. , Bode Lars , Andres Aline 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionMaternal obesity is associated with increased concentrations of human milk (HM) obesogenic hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oligosaccharides (HMOs) that have been associated with infant growth and adiposity. The objective of this pilot study was to determine if adherence to a Mediterranean meal plan during lactation modulates macronutrients and bioactive molecules in human milk from mothers with obesity.MethodsSixteen healthy, exclusively breastfeeding women with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) enrolled between 4 and 5 months postpartum. The women followed a 4-week Mediterranean meal plan which was provided at no cost. Maternal and infant anthropometrics, HM composition, and infant intakes were measured at enrollment and at weeks 2 and 4 of the intervention. Thirteen mother-infant dyads completed the study. Additionally, participants from an adjacent, observational cohort who had obesity and who collected milk at 5 and 6 months postpartum were compared to this cohort.ResultsParticipants’ healthy eating index scores improved (+27 units, p &lt; 0.001), fat mass index decreased (−4.7%, p &lt; 0.001), and daily energy and fat intake were lower (−423.5 kcal/day, p &lt; 0.001 and-32.7 g/day, p &lt; 0.001, respectively) following the intervention. While HM macronutrient concentrations did not change, HM leptin, total human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), HMO-bound fucose, Lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP)-II, LNFP-III, and difucosyllacto-N-tetrose (DFLNT) concentrations were lower following the intervention. Infant intakes of leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, total HMOs, HMO-bound fucose, LNFP-III and DFLNT were lower following the intervention. Specific components of the maternal diet (protein and fat) and specific measures of maternal diet quality (protein, dairy, greens and beans, fruit and vegetables) were associated with infant intakes and growth.DiscussionAdherence to a Mediterranean meal plan increases dietary quality while reducing total fat and caloric intake. In effect, body composition in women with obesity improved, HM composition and infants’ intakes were modulated. These findings provide, for the first time, evidence-based data that enhancing maternal dietary quality during lactation may promote both maternal and child health. Longer intervention studies examining the impact of maternal diet quality on HM composition, infant growth, and infant development are warranted.
Association between obesity and anemia in an nationally representative sample of United States adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Cao Bingyan , Liu Lu , Tang Xudong , Xu Hao 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionFew studies are about the relationship between anemia and obesity, and previous studies have only paid attention to BMI.Methods and ResultsWe first included body fat percentage (BF%) as an assessment indicator and divided it into quartiles, grouped participants into obesity and non-obesity used data from NHANES database. After adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, education and family income, the level of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and incidence of elevated CRP or HsCRP were progressively higher with increased BF%, whereas mean cell volume (MCV), natural logarithm (Ln) serum ferritin (SF), and Ln SF/sTfR were progressively reduced. Although a higher prevalence of anemia and lower hemoglobin was observed with increased BF%, but there was no statistical difference. Women in the highest BF% group demonstrated a significantly higher risk of iron deficiency compared to those in the lowest BF% group.DiscussionBF% should be given more attention, and women with high BF% should pay attention to iron deficiency.
Prospective changes in anemia are associated with the incidence and persistence of sarcopenia among older Mexican adults
Authors: De La Cruz-Góngora Vanessa , Salinas-Rodriguez Aaron , Manrique-Espinoza Betty 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundLow hemoglobin levels are a significant biomarker in the prognosis of sarcopenia. Anemia and sarcopenia are frequent and disabling conditions in the older adult population, but little is known about the role of anemia in the onset and progression of sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine whether prospective changes in anemia are associated with the incidence and persistence of sarcopenia.MethodsData come from the second and third waves (2014, 2017) of the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) in Mexico. SAGE-Mexico is a dynamic cohort with national representativeness, including a follow-up sample and new enrollments. For this study, 1,500 older adults (aged 50 or above) with measurements in both waves were included. Sarcopenia was defined as having low muscle quantity and either/both slow gait speed and weak handgrip strength. Anemia was defined according to hemoglobin concentrations, adjusted for altitude, as recommended by the WHO, &lt;120 g/L for women and &lt;130 g/L for men. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association between anemia and prospective changes in sarcopenia.ResultsThe baseline prevalence of anemia was 17.4%, and that of sarcopenia was 12.1%. The incidence and persistence of anemia were 10.6% (95% CI: 7.3–15.0%) and 6.9% (95% CI: 4.7–9.8%), respectively, and for sarcopenia, they were 5.3% (95% CI: 3.7–7.7%) and 9.2% (95% CI: 6.4–13.0%), respectively. Incident anemia was associated with incident (RRR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.18–11.19) but not with persistent (RRR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.18–3.20) sarcopenia. Persistent anemia was significantly associated with persistent (RRR = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.14–11.27) but not incident (RRR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.30–4.54) sarcopenia.ConclusionChanges in anemia are significantly associated with incident and persistent sarcopenia. Primary actions to promote a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, high-quality proteins, and micronutrients, as well as moderate physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight, are crucial for the aging population to delay the deleterious effects of anemia and sarcopenia.
Mapping breast and prostate cancer in the Brazilian public health system: study protocol of the Onco-Genomas Brasil
Authors: Schuch Jaqueline Bohrer , Bordignon Cláudia , Rosa Mahira Lopes , de Baumont Angélica Cerveira , Bessel Marina , Macedo Gabriel S. , Rosa Daniela Dornelles 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundBreast and prostate cancers are the most common malignancies diagnosed in women and men respectively, and present with great clinical heterogeneity, even in tumors with the same histology and same site of origin. Somatic and germline molecular alterations in DNA may have prognostic and predictive impact, influencing response to therapies and overall survival. Our aim is to characterize the somatic and germline genomic landscape of women with locally advanced HER2-positive breast cancer and men with metastatic prostate cancer in Brazil. Secondarily, we aim to identify genetic variants associated with tumor prognosis and treatment response, identify patients carrying pathogenic alterations in cancer-predisposing genes, and characterize the genetic ancestry of the population included in the study.MethodsThis observational multicenter cohort study will include 550 adult patients from the five macro-regions of Brazil, divided into two arms: 1) breast cancer and 2) prostate cancer. Clinical and pathological data will be collected, as well as DNA samples from peripheral blood and tumor samples. In arm 1, the inclusion criteria are a histological diagnosis of breast carcinoma with overexpression of HER-2, clinical stage II or III, and current neoadjuvant treatment with chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. In arm 2, the criterion is a histological diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma, clinical stage IV. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) will be performed to identify variants that may be drivers and/or actionable in a specific patient or tumor. These variants will be interpreted and classified according to their population frequencies, in silico predictors, functional studies, and literature data, following international guidelines proposed by expert societies.DiscussionThis trial will contribute to the construction of a robust database that should provide a better understanding of the genomic profile of patients with breast and prostate cancer in Brazil. Considering the miscegenation of the Brazilian population, knowledge generated from these data will have implications for future studies of this specific population.Clinical trial registration[clinicaltrial.gov], identifier [NCT05306600]
Effectiveness and safety of Danshen injections in treatment of cardiac failure: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Song Yuchen , Song Nan , Jia Lianqun , Pei Yupeng 
Published: March 2024

Objective: The purpose of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to compare the therapeutic effects of various Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge [Lamiaceae; Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizoma]) injections on heart failure to determine the optimal Danshen injection combined with conventional treatment.Methods: 8 databases were searched from the inception of these databases to May 2023 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness and safety of Danshen injections in the treatment of heart failure. This NMA was performed using Stata 16.0 software and R 4.1.3 software.Results: A total of 24 RCTs involving 2,186 subjects were included. The intervention group received Danshen injections plus conventional treatment, involving the following 7 Danshen injections. The results of the NMA showed that Compound Danshen injection + Common (SUCRA: 79.6%) and Sodium tanshinone ⅡA sulfonate injection + Common (SUCRA: 78.0%) exhibited higher total effective rates. Sodium tanshinone ⅡA sulfonate injection + Common (SUCRA: 94.3%) and Danshen injection + Common (SUCRA: 68.2%) were superior to other traditional Chinese medicines in improving left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Danshen injection + Common (SUCRA: 99.9%) and Shenxiong glucose injection + Common (SUCRA: 77.2%) were the most effective in reducing brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). In addition, compared with conventional treatment, all Danshen injections did not increase the risk of adverse reactions.Conclusion: Current evidence shows that all seven Danshen injections are effective for heart failure. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, our findings need to be verified by more high-quality studies.
State of perinatal mental health care in the WHO region of Europe: a scoping review
Authors: Horakova Anna , Nemcova Hana , Hrdlickova Kristyna , Kalli Stefani , Davletova Alina , Duarte Mario Filipe Rodrigues Saraiva , Molodina Darya , Riekki Tiina , Sebela Antonin 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundAlthough perinatal mental disorders are the most common health complication among women in the perinatal period, there is a huge gap in the implementation of related research findings in the health care system. We mapped the state of perinatal mental health (PMH) care in the WHO Europe region with aim to identify leading countries, which can serve as models for countries with less developed perinatal mental health care.MethodsGuidelines, policies, and documents related to screening and treatment services for PMH were searched as grey literature. Results were analysed to assess the status of PMH care in the WHO European countries and to identify gaps (absence of relevant service or documents). The state of perinatal mental health care was scored on a 0-5 scale.ResultsThe grey literature search resulted in a total of 361 websites. Seven countries (Belgium, Finland, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, UK, Malta) received full points for the presence of relevant PMH services or documents, while five countries received zero points. Most WHO European countries (48/53) have general mental health policies, but only 25 countries have policies specifically on perinatal mental health. Ten countries offer PMH screening, and 11 countries offer PMH service (of any type). Any PMH guidelines were provided in 23/53 countries.ConclusionsPerinatal mental health care is in its infancy in most WHO European countries. Leading countries (Belgium, Finland, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, UK, Malta) in PMH care can serve as conceptual models for those less developed and geopolitically close.
Description of the COVID-19 epidemiology in Malaysia
Authors: Md Nadzri Mohamad Nadzmi , Md Zamri Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq , Singh Sarbhan , Sumarni Mohd Ghazali , Lai Chee Herng , Tan Cia Vei , Aris Tahir , Mohd Ibrahim Hishamshah , Gill Balvinder Singh , Mohd Ghazali Nur’Ain , Md Iderus Nuur Hafizah , Lim Mei Cheng , Ahmad Lonny Chen Rong Qi , Kamarudin Mohd Kamarulariffin , Ahmad Nur Ar Rabiah , Tee Kok Keng , Zulkifli Asrul Anuar 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionSince the COVID-19 pandemic began, it has spread rapidly across the world and has resulted in recurrent outbreaks. This study aims to describe the COVID-19 epidemiology in terms of COVID-19 cases, deaths, ICU admissions, ventilator requirements, testing, incidence rate, death rate, case fatality rate (CFR) and test positivity rate for each outbreak from the beginning of the pandemic in 2020 till endemicity of COVID-19 in 2022 in Malaysia.MethodsData was sourced from the GitHub repository and the Ministry of Health’s official COVID-19 website. The study period was from the beginning of the outbreak in Malaysia, which began during Epidemiological Week (Ep Wk) 4 in 2020, to the last Ep Wk 18 in 2022. Data were aggregated by Ep Wk and analyzed in terms of COVID-19 cases, deaths, ICU admissions, ventilator requirements, testing, incidence rate, death rate, case fatality rate (CFR) and test positivity rate by years (2020 and 2022) and for each outbreak of COVID-19.ResultsA total of 4,456,736 cases, 35,579 deaths and 58,906,954 COVID-19 tests were reported for the period from 2020 to 2022. The COVID-19 incidence rate, death rate, CFR and test positivity rate were reported at 1.085 and 0.009 per 1,000 populations, 0.80 and 7.57%, respectively, for the period from 2020 to 2022. Higher cases, deaths, testing, incidence/death rate, CFR and test positivity rates were reported in 2021 and during the Delta outbreak. This is evident by the highest number of COVID-19 cases, ICU admissions, ventilatory requirements and deaths observed during the Delta outbreak.ConclusionThe Delta outbreak was the most severe compared to other outbreaks in Malaysia’s study period. In addition, this study provides evidence that outbreaks of COVID-19, which are caused by highly virulent and transmissible variants, tend to be more severe and devastating if these outbreaks are not controlled early on. Therefore, close monitoring of key epidemiological indicators, as reported in this study, is essential in the control and management of future COVID-19 outbreaks in Malaysia.
Intervention in autism based on Early Start Denver Model in a multiethnic immigrant setting—experiences of preschool staff involved in its implementation
Authors: Linnsand Petra , Nygren Gudrun , Hermansson Jonas , Gillberg Christopher , Carlsson Emilia 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundEarly interventions for young children with autism have been shown to enhance developmental outcomes. However, opportunities for targeted interventions in autism, both in care and preschool, are often lacking, particularly in immigrant communities. The early start denver model (ESDM) stands as one of the most well-established intervention models, including improvement in core developmental domains and reduction of maladaptive behaviours, also delivered in preschool settings. An intervention program based on the ESDM was implemented in collaboration with parents, preschool staff, and health care professionals locally in a multiethnic immigrant and socioeconomically disadvantaged area in Gothenburg, Sweden.PurposeThe present study aimed to describe a low intensity intervention program based on the ESDM for young children with autism in a multiethnic immigrant setting and capture the experiences of the preschool staff involved in implementing the program.MethodFifteen preschool professionals were interviewed through focus group interviews. Data were analyzed using content analysis. The interviews focused on capturing the crucial factors in the intervention program and to get more in-depth information about the intervention program's influence on the children with autism, their parents, the preschool staff, and preschool activities.ResultsCentral components of the intervention program were emphasized by the preschool staff. These encompassed contextual prerequisites, such as the preschool staff's participation in intervention program fostered by the local environment and features linked to the ESDM methodology. The preschool staff emphasized that shared objectives and regular network meetings as fundamental components of the model. They also underscored the seamless alignment between the ESDM and the preschool curriculum emphasizing how ESDM strategies could be easily integrated into the preschool's daily routines. The staff's experience indicated that the implementation of ESDM enriched the learning experiences of children with autism and yielded benefits to their parents, fellow peers in the preschool, and the preschool staff.ConclusionsThe intervention program based on the ESDM presents a promising model for young children with autism in a multiethnic immigrant setting. Several critical factors based on the preschool staff's experiences were essential for implementation: contextual prerequisites such as organizational support, close collaboration with healthcare professionals, good competence among preschool staff, and the ESDM itself.
Multidimensional Deprivations and Associated Factors Among Older Adults in Urban Geographies of Nigeria: Implications for Poor Health Outcomes in Later Life
Authors: Mobolaji Jacob Wale 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Many urban-dwelling older Nigerians are multidimensionally deprived and are unable to meet their daily financial, nutritional, and healthcare needs. This has implications for their health outcomes, yet it has been under-researched. This study assessed the multidimensional deprivation index (MDI) of urban-dwelling older Nigerians and the associated factors.Methods: The study analysed a weighted sample of 5,225 older persons aged ≥60 years from Nigeria’s Demographic and Health Survey, 2018. MDI was estimated, and associations were examined using a multilevel multinomial logistic regression model.Results: Nationally, 75% of the older persons were multidimensionally deprived, with 27% severely deprived. Women (36%) were more severely deprived than men (20%). Those in the Northern regions (38%–40%) were the most deprived. Higher MD risk was associated with female gender and older ages ≥70–79 years. Conversely, lower risk was associated with households headed by family and residence in educated communities. Community variation accounts for 10.4% and 35.9% of the MD and severe MD risks, respectively.Conclusion: This study suggests socioeconomic interventions that address gender disparities and target highly deprived regions, with consideration for individual and community characteristics.
Geoeducação e geotrilha na pista Cláudio Coutinho nos monumentos naturais da montanha do Pão de Açúcar e Morro da Urca, Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Gleide Alencar do 
Published: March 2024

A cidade do Rio de Janeiro é famosa pelos seus monumentos naturais, tais como a Montanha do Pão de Açúcar e o Morro da Urca. O cenário foi ainda mais contemplado pela Pista Cláudio Coutinho, que permite explorar a rica associação entre geotrilhas, geoeducação e geoturismo. Os granitos e gnaisses característicos do local são resultado do evento de colisão continental que formou o Gondwana, o que torna a área um geossítio. A história da região e a geociências relatada durante a geotrilha tem por objetivo estimular a conscientização sobre o geopatrimônio da área e despertas o interesse pelas geociências. Duas geotrilhas foram realizadas, uma com turma de 5º ano da Escola Municipal Minas Gerais localizada no bairro da Urca e outra com público em geral. Através da análise dos trabalhos feitos pelas crianças ao final da atividade, os assuntos que mais despertaram interesse foram a mineralogia, seguida pelas rochas e os processos de erosão que as afetam e por último a teoria da tectônica de placas. Para o público em geral não houve uma avaliação de conteúdo, mas pelo relativo número de pessoas e perguntas presentes se verifica o interesse para o aprendizado em geociências. É notório pela atividade realizada que através dos recursos geológicos e geomorfológicos abundantes e cenicamente atraentes promovem uma base sólida para promover popularização das geociências.