bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Optical Hemodynamic Imaging of the Olfactory Cortex
Authors: Kobayashi Eiji , Kusaka Takashi , Karaki Masayuki , Kobayashi Ryuichi , Itoh Susumu , Mori Nozomu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective: We used multichannel near‐infrared spectroscopy (MNIRS) to monitor the activity of the frontal cortex as mirrored by hemodynamic responses subjected to olfactory stimulation. The aim of this study was to clarify the functional brain imaging of olfactory activity.Study Design: Prospective study.Methods: This study was conducted on eight healthy subjects aged from 22 to 39 years (4 men and 4 women; mean age, 28.8 yr). We used a 22‐channel near‐infrared spectroscopy device with eight light‐incident fibers and seven detector fibers, each with an interoptode distance of 2.5 cm on the frontal region. Olfactory stimulation consisted of five repetitions, each lasting 5 seconds and followed by a 55 seconds rest period. Isovaleric acid was used as odor stimulation, and saline was used as a control. We measured the changes in concentrations of oxyhemoglobin [oxyHb], deoxyhemoglobin [deoxyHb], and total hemoglobin [totalHb] from prebaseline values. Furthermore, we divided the frontal cortex into four areas (right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower) and investigated the activity in each area.Results: Isovaleric acid caused changes, especially in the lower area, but saline caused no changes. [oxyHb] and [totalHb] increased after odor stimulation, but [deoxyHb] did not change. These active areas may be related to the orbitofrontal cortex, corresponding to olfactory cortices.Conclusion: This study has shown that MNIRS enables evaluation of changes in hemodynamics related to brain activity by olfactory stimulation.
Dysphagia After Endoscopic Repair of Zenker's Diverticulum
Authors: Palmer Andrew D. , Herrington Heather C. , Rad Ionel C. , Cohen James I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: To determine whether patient outcomes after endoscopic staple‐assisted diverticulectomy (ESD) were correlated with demographic or disease‐specific patient characteristics.Study Design: Retrospective chart review with follow‐up.Methods: A survey was sent to all eligible subjects who had undergone ESD from February 1995 to June 2004 to gather information about their postoperative weight, diet, dysphagia symptoms, distress, and overall satisfaction.Results: Thirty‐five individuals responded (49% response rate) at a mean of 29 (range, 3–83) months postoperative. There was a significant reduction in the following symptoms: food avoidance, regurgitation, dysphagia for pills, choking, coughing, difficulty finishing a meal, heartburn/reflux, and halitosis. There was no significant difference for dysphonia. Swallow‐related distress had decreased from a preoperative level of 7.86 to 2.23 at follow‐up (P < .001). Overall satisfaction with the surgery was high. There were no significant differences in outcome by any demographic characteristic, duration of preoperative symptoms, presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Zenker's diverticulum size, time since surgery, or number of surgeries. Ninety‐one percent of subjects reported improvement in their swallowing after surgery, but 22% reported some decline since that time. Symptomatic subjects reported significantly higher swallow‐related distress and lower satisfaction (P < .01). Preoperative variables were not correlated with a return of symptoms. Individuals who underwent multiple procedures had similar levels of benefit and satisfaction as those who underwent a single ESD procedure.Conclusion: ESD results in high levels of patient satisfaction, significant reduction in postoperative symptoms, low levels of complications, and the opportunity to safely and successfully repeat the procedure if necessary.
Postirradiation Sinus Mucosa Disease in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Huang Chi‐Che , Huang Shiang‐Fu , Lee Ta‐Jen , Ng Shu‐Hang , Chang Joseph Tung‐Chieh 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: We sought to determine the incidence, progression, and risk factors for postirradiation sinus mucosa diseases (SMD) incidentally found on follow‐up magnetic resonance images (MRIs) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.Study Design: Retrospective.Methods: The medical records, pre‐ and postradiotherapy (RT) MRIs were reviewed in NPC patients. Lund‐Mackay system for staging of rhinosinusitis (Lund score) was used as a tool for investigation.Results: One hundred twelve NPC patients (77 males and 35 females) were recruited in this study. The distribution of tumor staging in these patients were 39 (34.8%) patients in T1, 23(20.5%) in T2, 31(27.7%) in T3, and 19 (17.0%) in T4 by MRI staging before RT. In these 62 patients with normal sinus ventilation before RT, 42 (67.7%) patients returned to having SMDs 3 months after RT. The maxillary, anterior ethmoid, and posterior ethmoid sinuses were most readily affected. In patients with SMDs at 3 months postRT, advanced tumor stage (P = .013) and smoking habit (P = .047) were the two factors that significantly influence Lund score. When comparing Lund score with different times after radiation therapy, a trend of decrease in Lund score could be noted from 3 months to 3 years after irradiation.Conclusions: The incidence and severity of SMD was found to be highest at 3 months postRT and decreased gradually with time. Conservative management with clinical symptom correlation should be attempted first in these patients. In these NPC patients, advanced tumor stage and smoking habit would predispose them to SMD development.
The Absence of Histone H2B Monoubiquitination in theArabidopsis hub1(rdo4) Mutant Reveals a Role for Chromatin Remodeling in Seed Dormancy
Authors: Liu Yongxiu , Koornneef Maarten , Soppe Wim J.J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeed dormancy is defined as the failure of a viable seed to germinate under favorable conditions. Besides playing an adaptive role in nature by optimizing germination to the most suitable time, a tight control of dormancy is important in crop plants. Extensive genetic and physiological studies have identified the involvement of several factors, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are still largely unknown. We cloned the HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION1 (HUB1) gene, of which the mutant (previously identified as reduced dormancy4) has reduced seed dormancy and several pleiotropic phenotypes. HUB1 encodes a C3HC4 RING finger protein. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains one HUB1 homolog, which we named HUB2. The hub2 mutant also has reduced seed dormancy and is not redundant with hub1. Homologs of HUB1 and HUB2 in other species are required for histone H2B monoubiquitination. In agreement with this, the ubiquitinated form of histone H2B could not be detected in the hub1 and hub2 mutants. In yeast and human cells, histone H2B monoubiquitination is associated with actively transcribed genes. The hub1 mutant showed altered expression levels for several dormancy-related genes. We propose a role for chromatin remodeling in seed dormancy by H2B monoubiquitination through HUB1 and HUB2.
Expression of β‐catenin and p53 are prognostic factors in deep aggressive fibromatosis
Authors: Gebert C , Hardes J , Kersting C , August C , Supper H , Winkelmann W , Buerger H , Gosheger G 
Published: March 2007

Aims:  To determine the prognostic significance of β‐catenin in aggressive fibromatosis and to identify potential molecular markers for new targeted therapies.Methods and results:  A tissue microarray of 37 cases of deep aggressive fibromatosis was constructed and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for β‐catenin, p53, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, Ki67, c‐erbB2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c‐kit, CD34 and S100. Complete clinical follow‐up was available for 23 patients. Nuclear β‐catenin expression was associated with an increased rate of local tumour recurrence (60.0% 1‐year and 0% 5‐year event‐free survival; P < 0.05). Furthermore, p53 expression was associated with an increased risk of tumour recurrence (50% 1‐year event‐free survival rate and 0% 5‐years event‐free survival rate, P < 0.05). The coexpression of p53 and β‐catenin was significantly correlated (P < 0.05). No statistically significant association was seen between MIB1 and p53 or β‐catenin expression, respectively. No expression of EGFR, c‐erbB2 or c‐kit was seen.Conclusions:  The overexpression of β‐catenin and p53 is associated with a decreased event‐free survival in deep aggressive fibromatosis. Further studies are required to establish whether these findings can lead to an improvement in the treatment of this rare neoplasm.
Prognostic significance of the wnt signalling pathway molecules APC, β‐catenin and E‐cadherin in colorectal cancer—a tissue microarray‐based analysis
Authors: Lugli A , Zlobec I , Minoo P , Baker K , Tornillo L , Terracciano L , Jass J R 
Published: March 2007

Aims:  To investigate dysregulation of the wnt signalling pathway by assessing β‐catenin expression/increasing expression and loss of cytoplasmic adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and membranous E‐cadherin in colorectal cancer (CRC) and determining the prognostic significance of these variables.Methods and results:  Unselected, non‐consecutive CRC resections (n = 1420) were subdivided into three groups: mismatch repair (MMR)‐proficient, MLH1– and presumed hereditary non‐polyposis colonic cancer (HNPCC). Immunohistochemical analysis of β‐catenin expression (0% versus > 0%) and increasing expression (increasing percentage‐positivity) and loss of APC and E‐cadherin was performed using the tissue microarray technique. In MMR‐proficient CRC, increased nuclear β‐catenin expression and loss of membranous E‐cadherin were independently associated with higher N stage (P = 0.03 and < 0.0001), vascular invasion (P < 0.01 and < 0.001) and worse survival (P < 0.01 and < 0.001). Additionally, there was an association between loss of membranous E‐cadherin and higher T stage (P = 0.03). In MLH1– CRC, loss of membranous E‐cadherin was associated with higher N stage (P = 0.05) and worse survival (P = 0.03). In presumed HNPCC CRC nuclear β‐catenin and membranous E‐cadherin were not associated with tumour progression or worse survival. In all CRC subsets loss of cytoplasmic APC was not associated with clinicopathological features.Conclusions:  Increasing nuclear β‐catenin expression and loss of membranous E‐cadherin are independent, adverse prognostic factors in MMR‐proficient and MLH1– CRC.
Coeliac disease: a histological follow‐up study
Authors: Bardella M T , Velio P , Cesana B M , Prampolini L , Casella G , Di Bella C , Lanzini A , Gambarotti M , Bassotti G , Villanacci V 
Published: March 2007

Aims:  To assess the histological response to a gluten‐free diet (GFD) in a series of coeliac patients in clinical remission, of different ages and with varying degrees of mucosal damage at diagnosis.Methods and results:  Biopsy samples from 249 coeliac patients (F 165, M 84) were analysed basally and after clinical and biochemical remission following a GFD. All patients showed an improvement in mucosal findings after starting a GFD, but complete histological normalization was observed in 74.1% of paediatric cases (diagnosed before 14 years of age) and in only 17.5% of adults. Statistical analysis showed that sex, the clinical picture at diagnosis and the length of time between biopsy at the time of diagnosis and on a GFD were not related to histological normalization. In contrast, the age at diagnosis was statistically significantly related to it (P < 0.0001). In addition, the presence/absence of Helicobacter pylori was independent of the normalization of the duodenal mucosa.Conclusions:  In clinical practice the criteria for diagnosis of coeliac disease are sufficiently standardized, whereas for follow‐up they are less well defined. We suggest that in order to compare the results from different studies, it should be stated whether remission after treatment is based on clinical or histological criteria or both.
Mammary and extramammary Paget's disease: an immunohistochemical study of 83 cases
Authors: Liegl B , Leibl S , Gogg‐Kamerer M , Tessaro B , Horn L‐C , Moinfar F 
Published: March 2007

Aim:  Mammary Paget's disease (MPD) and extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) are rare neoplasms. The aim of this study was, by the use of immunohistochemistry, to derive further information about the cell(s) of origin, find a diagnostically useful immunohistochemical panel and investigate candidates for possible targeted therapy.Material and results:  Sixty MPD and 23 EMPD cases were studied using antibodies to cytokeratin (CK) 34βE12, CK8/18, CK7, CK5/6, CK20, gross cyctic disease fluid protein (GCDFP)‐15, MUC1‐8, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (HER1), HER3 and HER4. In all MPD cases CK7 and MUC1 were positive. CK8/18 was positive in 59/60 cases. GCDFP‐15, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC7, MUC8 were positive in 29/60, 3/60, 35/47, 4/40, 3/43 and 2/45 cases, respectively. In all EMPD cases CK8/18 and CK7 were positive. MUC1, GCDFP‐15, MUC5AC, MUC3, MUC8 and CK20 were positive in 22/23, 19/23, 8/19, 3/19, 1/19 and 3/23 cases, respectively. With the remaining antibodies no immunoreactivity was observed.Conclusion:  MUC1 and low‐molecular‐weight CKs in conjunction with immunonegativity for high‐molecular‐weight CKs are the most diagnostically useful markers. MPD is caused by the epidermotropic spread of underlying tumour cells, whereas EMPD probably arises from intraepithelial cells of sweat gland origin. Targeted therapy with antibodies against EGFR (HER1), HER3 or HER4 is unlikely to prove of clinical value.
Prognostic significance of Id‐1 and its association with EGFR in renal cell cancer
Authors: Li X , Zhang Z , Xin D , Chua C W , Wong Y C , Leung S C L , Na Y , Wang X 
Published: March 2007

Aims:  Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is suggested as one of the positive regulators in the invasive progression of renal cell cancer (RCC). Recently, Id‐1 (inhibitor of differentiation or DNA binding), a helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor, has been identified as one of the key factors in the EGFR signalling pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of Id‐1 expression in renal cell cancer and to study its relationship with EGFR.Methods and results:  Id‐1 and EGFR expression was examined in tissue microarray (TMA) samples of 107 RCC and 32 normal kidney specimens by immunohistochemistry. Relative Id‐1 and EGFR protein expression was quantified by estimating the staining intensity on a four‐grade scale. We found that while negative to weak expression of Id‐1 and EGFR was observed in non‐malignant kidney tissues, most RCCs showed significant positive Id‐1 and EGFR expression in tumour cells. In addition, Id‐1 immunostaining intensity was positively associated with increased tumour staging, grading and EGFR expression.Conclusion:  Overexpression of Id‐1 is a novel marker for advanced RCC which is positively correlated with EGFR expression. Our results suggest that Id‐1 may play an important role in the development of RCC and indicate that Id‐1 is a potential marker of patients with a poor prognosis.
Breast carcinoma with basal differentiation: a proposal for pathology definition based on basal cytokeratin expression
Authors: Rakha E A , El‐Sayed M E , Green A R , Paish E C , Lee A H S , Ellis I O 
Published: March 2007

Aim:  To assess the expression and coexpression of a range of different biomarkers that have been used to define breast carcinomas with a basal phenotype (BP) and their relationship with prognosis in an attempt to refine the definition of BP and to evaluate the reliability of using a single biomarker to identify these tumours.Methods and results:  The expression pattern of basal cytokeratins (CK5/6 and CK14), oestrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor, HER2, BRCA1, P‐cadherin and myoepithelial markers (smooth muscle actin and p63) were studied in a well‐characterized series of invasive breast carcinoma (1872 cases) with long‐term follow‐up using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray. Although the additional markers were associated with basal CK expression, they did not serve to improve recognition of cases with differing outcome when compared with basal CKs alone and, if used to define cases, reduced considerably the proportion of cases allocated to this poor prognostic type of breast cancer.Conclusion:  BP can be defined based on the expression of basal CKs regardless of the expression of other markers.
A Monoclonal Antibody to Lewis Y/Lewis b Revealing Mimicry of the Histone H1 to Carbohydrate Structures
Authors: Christensen P. A. , Danielczyk A. , Ravn P. , Stahn R. , Karsten U. , Goletz S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAntibodies to either peptide or carbohydrate tumour antigens are established tools for diagnostics and therapy. We here describe an antibody (A70‐A/A9) recognizing a carbohydrate epitope common to the tumour‐associated Lewis Y and Lewis b antigens (Fucα1‐2Galβ1‐4/3[Fucα1‐3/4]GlcNAcβ‐). Its specificity was established without doubt with a panel of 86 synthetic mono‐ and oligosaccharidic structures. This antibody was found to cross‐react with the nuclear protein histone H1. Binding to H1 was specific, periodate‐insensitive (non‐carbohydrate) and saturable. Histone H1 was able to inhibit Lewis Y binding very effectively in a concentration‐dependent manner. We conclude that it represents an example of natural peptide mimicry of a carbohydrate epitope. It may explain the observed occurrence of ‘anti‐histone autoantibodies’ in cancer patients.
Lack of association between serum adiponectin levels and the Pro12Ala polymorphism in Asian Indians
Authors: Radha V. , Vimaleswaran K. S. , Babu S. , Deepa R. , Anjana M. , Ghosh S. , Majumder P. P. , Rao M. R. S. , Mohan V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAims  The aim of the study was to investigate the association of serum adiponectin levels with the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐γ (PPARG) gene in Asian Indians.Methods  We selected 400 diabetic subjects, 200 with the Pro12Pro genotype (100 male and 100 female) and 200 with the Pro12Ala genotype (100 male and 100 female) and 400 age‐ and sex‐matched normal glucose tolerance subjects with similar genotype profiles from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study. Fasting serum adiponection levels were measured using radioimmunoassay. The Pro12Ala polymorphism was genotyped by PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism using BstUI.Results  All clinical and biochemical parameters were similar in the subjects with the Pro12Pro and Pro12Ala genotypes. There was no significant difference in serum adiponectin values between subjects with the Pro12Pro and Pro12Ala genotypes (males 5.4 vs. 5.8 µg/ml, P = 0.546; females 6.9 vs. 7.2 µg/ml, P = 0.748). Adiponectin values did not differ among these two genotypes even when categorized based on their diabetes status (normal glucose tolerance Pro12Pro 7.9 vs. Pro12Ala 7.7 µg/ml, P = 0.994; diabetes Pro12Pro 4.7 vs. Pro12Ala 5.4 µg/ml, P = 0.622).Conclusion  The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARG gene is not associated with serum adiponectin levels in Asian Indians.
The Success of Sharing Societies: Lessons from History
Authors: Getz Trevor 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGlobal history is often viewed as a competitive battleground in which civilizations, nations, or peoples repeatedly clash over resources or ideology. Correspondingly, victory in the global arena is often seen as belonging to the most inventive or innovative societies. Yet a more complex look at innovation reveals that it is often the result of a gradual and widely collaborative process, often involving the efforts or contributions of citizens of several states or societies. This article suggests that the myths surrounding invention and the reification of innovation as a cultural trait have distracted social scientists and policy makers from recognizing the significance of imported technologies, ideas, strategies, and products in helping societies overcome a wide range of challenges. It illustrates this contention with evidence from several historical episodes that suggest that successful societies are not only open to innovation from among their own populace, but also to contributions from abroad.
America's Forgotten Founder: John Dickinson and the American Revolution
Authors: Calvert Jane 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlthough John Dickinson was one of the central figures in the American Founding, he is virtually unknown by scholars. This article makes a case for his importance and claims that the reason for his absence from the scholarship is the confusion surrounding his political thought and action. Until now, no work has explained the apparent contradiction of his vigorous advocacy of American rights, his refusal to support the Declaration of Independence, and his subsequent military service on the side of the Rebels. The argument here is that the seeming contradictions resolve and Dickinson's position in the Revolution is consistent and comprehendible when situated in the tradition of Quaker political thought.
Venous Obstruction After Pacemaker Implantation
Authors: KORKEILA PETRI , NYMAN KAI , YLITALO ANTTI , KOISTINEN JUHANI , KARJALAINEN PASI , LUND JUHA , AIRAKSINEN K.E. JUHANI 
Published: March 2007

Background: Central vein leads are known to predispose to venous obstruction. Although usually asymptomatic, obstruction may render electrode removal difficult. This study aimed at quantifying changes in venous calibers in a prospective fashion by intravenous contrast venography (ICV) before and after pacemaker (PM) or cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation.
Methods: One hundred and fifty (mean age 67; 61% male) consecutive patients were enrolled, and followed for 6 months. A successful ICV was done at baseline prior to implantation and at 6‐month follow‐up in 136 (91%) patients. Minimum (Dmin) and maximum (Dmax) vessel diameters were obtained from both ICVs. A new stenosis was defined as a 50% diameter reduction in a venous segment when compared to baseline. We implanted a total of 230 electrodes: 47 (34.6%) single lead, 84 (61.8%) 2‐lead, and 5 (3.7%) 3‐lead systems.
Results: At baseline ICV, 10 patients (7%) were found to have venous anomalies, including 8 patients with obstructive lesions, 1 patient with a persistent left superior vena cava, and 1 patient with double axillary vein. At 6 months, a new obstructive venous lesion had developed in a total of 19 (14%) patients, none of whom exhibited any local symptoms. Of these patients 14 (10%) had a stenosis (mean Dmin 4.6 mm and diameter 38% of baseline), and 5 (3.6%) had a complete venous occlusion. In most cases the new stenosis developed in a location where the vessel was narrowest at baseline. Clinical predictors for the development of stenosis were atrial fibrillation at baseline and biventricular PM implantation.
Conclusions: This is the first systematic study to quantify venous changes after PM or ICD implantation. Our study shows that venous anomalies rendering PM implantation difficult are not infrequent. The incidence of new venous obstruction was 14%. Atrial fibrillation and biventricular PM implantation were independent predictors of venous obstruction.