bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vallecular varix causing diagnostic confusion in hematemesis
Authors: Wong Manzhi , Karuman Philip 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundHematemesis is a common and dramatic presentation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and is a source of significant morbidity and mortality. Common causes include peptic ulcer disease and varices. However, endoscopists need to be aware of other rare causes to avoid a delay in diagnosis, which may be potentially fatal.Methods and ResultsWe present a case of vallecular varix causing recurrent hematemesis and successfully treated with sclerosant injection. We also review the literature regarding its pathogenesis and treatment.ConclusionsVallecular varicosities are a rare cause of life‐threatening bleeding from the aerodigestive tract. The area should be targeted early for evaluation especially in cases of bleeding of unknown origin. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Preparation of thyroid tumor cells in aspiration biopsies for aspiration biopsy nucleic acid diagnosis
Authors: Takano Toru , Higashiyama Takuya , Uruno Takashi , Yamada Hiroya , Yoshida Hiroshi , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe relative expression level of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) mRNA to galectin‐3 (LGALS3) mRNA (T/G ratio) is a useful marker to distinguish thyroid follicular carcinomas from adenomas. However, because of the interference by the simultaneously aspirated peripheral blood cells or infiltrating lymphocytes, the precise measurement of the T/G ratio in aspirates is difficult.MethodsWe tested 2 methods of selecting thyroid tumor cells and removing blood cells from the aspirates. One method was selection with magnetic beads coated with Ber‐EP4 antibody and the other was filtration through a nylon mesh.ResultsAfter selection with Ber‐EP4 antibody, T/G ratios in aspirates showed varied degrees of difference from those in the corresponding tissues. After mesh filtration, differences in T/G ratios between the aspirates and the corresponding tissues were less than 200% in all 8 cases.ConclusionMesh filtration of aspirates proved superior results for the measurement of T/G ratio. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Differential roles of basolateral and central amygdala on the effects of uncontrollable stress on hippocampal synaptic plasticity
Authors: Yang Chih‐Hao , Huang Chiung‐Chun , Hsu Kuei‐Sen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe amygdala is considered central in mediating stress‐related changes of hippocampal functions. However, it remains unclear whether different amygdala subnuclei have different roles in coordinating stress effects. Here, we report that stress exposure caused an immediate increase of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation in the hippocampal area CA1 and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and after a delay in the central amygdala (CEA). Exposure to the novel environment following stress increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the CEA, but reversed the stress‐induced increase of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the hippocampal area CA1 and the BLA. Either ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 or N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist DL‐(−)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid (APV) administration into the BLA, but not the CEA, blocked the stress effects on hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression. Novelty‐exploration‐induced reversal of stress effects was prevented when animals were injected U0126 or APV into the CEA, but not the BLA, before subjected to the novel environment. The ability of novelty exploration to reverse the stress effects was mimicked by intra‐CEA infusion of NMDA. These findings suggest that BLA ERK1/2 signaling pathway is critical to mediate the stress effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity; the activation of CEA ERK1/2, in contrast, appears to mediate the reversal of stress effects. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro activation of the medial septum—Diagonal band complex generates atropine‐sensitive and atropine‐resistant hippocampal theta rhythm: An investigation using a complete septohippocampal preparation
Authors: Goutagny Romain , Manseau Frédéric , Jackson Jesse , Danik Marc , Williams Sylvain 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe medial septum and diagonal band complex (MS‐DB) is believed to play a key role in generating theta oscillations in the hippocampus, a phenomenon critical for learning and memory. Although the importance of the MS‐DB in hippocampal theta rhythm generation is generally accepted, it remains to be determined whether the MS‐DB alone can generate hippocampal oscillations or is only a transducer of rhythmic activity from other brain areas. Secondly, it is known that hippocampal theta rhythm can be separated into an atropine‐sensitive and insensitive component. However, it remains to be established if the MS‐DB can generate both types of rhythm. To answer these questions, we used a new in vitro rat septohippocampal preparation placed in a hermetically separated two side recording chamber. We showed that carbachol activation of the MS‐DB generated large theta oscillations in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. These oscillations were blocked by applying either the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline or the AMPA/kainate antagonist DNQX to the hippocampus. Interestingly, the application of the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine produced only a partial decrease in the amplitude, without modification of the frequency, of theta. These results show for the first time, that upon optimal excitation, the MS‐DB alone is able to generate hippocampal oscillations in the theta frequency band. Moreover, these MS‐DB generated theta oscillations are mediated by muscarinic and nonmuscarinic receptors and have a pharmacological profile similar to theta rhythm observed in awake animals. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A synaptic reinforcement‐based model for transient amnesia following disruptions of memory consolidation and reconsolidation
Authors: Amaral Olavo B. , Osan Remus , Roesler Rafael , Tort Adriano B.L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe observation of memory recovery following post‐training amnestic interventions has historically caused controversy over the meaning of this finding, leading some authors to question the paradigm of a consolidation period for memories. Similarly, recent demonstrations of transient amnesia caused by interventions following memory reactivation have been used to question the existence of a retrieval‐driven reconsolidation process. The present work aims to approach the phenomenon of transient amnesia following disruptions of consolidation and reconsolidation, discussing how memory recovery might be explained within a framework of systems consolidation, persistent synaptic reinforcement, and multiple memory traces. With these concepts in mind, we propose that long‐term consolidation processes can underlie recovery from amnesia, demonstrating the feasibility of such a hypothesis in a two‐structure computational model of learning in which consolidation is dependent upon synaptic reentry reinforcement. On the basis of this, we suggest that prolonged consolidation can account for experimental findings of transient amnesia, in a way that explains differences between disruptions of consolidation and reconsolidation without the need to dwell into the discussion between storage‐ and retrieval‐based explanations for memory impairment. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late N‐acetylcysteine treatment prevents the deficits induced in the offspring of dams exposed to an immune stress during gestation
Authors: Lanté Fabien , Meunier Johann , Guiramand Janique , De Jesus Ferreira Marie‐Céleste , Cambonie Gilles , Aimar Rose , Cohen‐Solal Catherine , Maurice Tangui , Vignes Michel , Barbanel Gérard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPrenatal infection is a major stressful experience leading to enhanced susceptibility for mental illnesses in humans. We recently reported in rats, that oxidative stress and glutathione (GSH) shortage occurred in fetal male brain after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the dams and that these responses might be involved in the neurodevelopmental deficits observed in adolescent offspring. Furthermore, pretreatment with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) before LPS avoided both delayed synaptic plasticity and mnesic performance deficits. Since NAC is one of the few medications permitted in pregnant women, this study evaluated the ability of NAC to serve as a protective therapy even after the LPS challenge. Pregnant rats received a single ip injection of E. coli LPS, two days before delivery, and were given NAC in their tap water after the LPS. GSH was evaluated at the time of its expected drop in the hippocampus of male fetuses, whereas long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus and spatial memory in the water‐maze were recorded in 28‐day‐old male offspring. Post‐treatment with NAC, four hours after the LPS challenge fully prevented the drop in the GSH hippocampal content. LTP, as well as spatial learning were completely protected. NAC administration at delivery also partially restored the LTP whereas post‐treatment two days later was inefficient. Another set of dams were supplemented with α‐tocopherol prior to LPS exposure, enhancing the α‐tocopherol levels in fetal hippocampus. This treatment did not prevent the LPS‐induced synaptic plasticity impairment. These results point to fetal hippocampal GSH as a major target of the detrimental effects of in utero LPS challenge. The therapeutic window of NAC extends up to birth, suggesting that this drug might be clinically useful even after an immuno‐inflammatory episode. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroanatomical and behavioral effects of a novel version of the cholinergic immunotoxin mu p75‐saporin in mice
Authors: Moreau Pierre‐Henri , Cosquer Brigitte , Jeltsch Hélène , Cassel Jean‐Christophe , Mathis Chantal 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe selective lesion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) is an unestimable tool to study the implication of these neurons in cognition, an interest widely motivated by their degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Here we evaluated the histochemical and behavioral effects of a selective lesion of BFCNs in C57BL/6J mice treated intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with a novel version of the immunotoxin mu p75‐saporin (0.4 μg/mouse). There was a 100% postsurgical survival rate, no abnormal loss of weight, no disruption of sensorimotor coordination, and no noncognitive bias in a water‐maze test. This immunotoxin induced a loss of choline acetyltransferase‐positive neurons in the medial septum (−82%) and in the nucleus basalis (−55%). Preserved parvalbumine‐immunostaining suggests that the lesion was specific to BFCNs. Septo‐hippocampal and basalo‐cortical projections of BFCNs degenerated as suggested by massive loss of acetylcholinesterase‐positive staining in the hippocampus and the cortical mantle. Moreover, anticalbindin immunostaining showed no damage to cerebellar Purkinje cells. Lesioned mice displayed increased diurnal and nocturnal locomotor activity. Their spatial learning/memory performances in a water maze and in a Barnes maze were significantly impaired: learning was substantially slowed down, although not obliterated, and memory retention was altered. These behavioral consequences are comparable, with fewer side effects, to those reported after ICV 192 IgG‐saporin in rats. In conclusion, the new version of mu p75‐saporin provides a safe and powerful tool for BFCN lesion in mice. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in rat hippocampal CA1 synapses following imipramine treatment
Authors: Chen Fenghua , Madsen Torsten M. , Wegener Gregers , Nyengaard Jens R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNeuronal plasticity in hippocampus is hypothesized to play an important role in both the pathophysiology of depressive disorders and the treatment. In this study, we investigated the consequences of imipramine treatment on neuroplasticity (including neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and remodelling of synapses) in subregions of the hippocampus by quantifying number of neurons and synapses. Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were injected with imipramine or saline (i.p.) daily for 14 days. Unbiased stereological methods were used to quantify the number of neurons and synapses. No differences in the volume and number of neurons of hippocampal subregions following imipramine treatment were found. However, the number and percentage of CA1 asymmetric spine synapses increased significantly and, conversely, the percentage of asymmetric shaft synapses significantly decreased in the imipramine treated group. Our results indicate that administration of imipramine for 14 days in normal rats could significantly increase the excitatory spine synapses, and change the relative distribution of spine and shaft synapses. We speculate that the present findings may be explained by the establishment of new synaptic connections and by remodelling or transformation of existing synapses. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multivariate statistical analysis of underground gas storage caverns on groundwater chemistry in Korea
Authors: Lee Jeonghoon , Ko Kyung‐Seok , Kim Jun‐Mo , Chang Ho‐Wan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAn understanding of groundwater flow and chemistry is important to operate underground storage caverns. Groundwater flow is mainly affected by cavern operating conditions. Groundwater chemistry is modified by disinfection activities for removing possible biological clogging and by mixing with cement pore water. It is important to discern these two effects, because wells affected by the disinfection activities may have hydrological connections with water curtains used to inject the disinfectant. However, it is difficult to separate these two effects using graphical methods because of their similar chemical characteristics. Instead, multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA), can be used. Groundwater samples for chemical analysis were obtained from four surveys in 1999–2000. Based on the results from PCA and FA, it appears that there were temporal variations of seepage water into the propane area when the cavern operation fluctuated, but we could not observe such variation in the butane area. These changes may occur mainly at depth, where water flow is slow and water renewal in the cavern surrounding is limited. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of three models to estimate evapotranspiration for a temperate mixed forest
Authors: Shi Tingting , Guan Dexin , Wang Anzhi , Wu Jiabing , Jin Changjie , Han Shijie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractForest evapotranspiration is one of the main components in the regional water budget. A comparison between measured and estimated eddy covariance (EC) data, considering the Katerji–Perrier (KP), Todorovic (TD) and Priestley–Taylor (PT) actual evapotranspiration methods, was carried out. These models, relying on more easily obtainable data, are valuable when long‐term direct measurements are not available. The objective of this paper is to compare the effectivity of these three models. In this paper, experimental data were obtained within the temperate mixed forest of broad‐leaved and coniferous trees of the Changbai Mountains in northeastern China during the growing seasons of 2003 to 2005. The KP method gave the most effective values for half‐hourly and daily evapotranspiration computed by summing up half‐hourly estimates, and the TD method overestimated evapotranspiration by about 30%. The diurnal courses of estimated and measured evapotranspiration showed bell curves, similar to that of net radiation, except for a slight increase at about 14:30 solar time due to a peak value of vapour pressure deficit (VPD). For the case of daily evapotranspiration using daily mean micrometeorological variables, the PT method presented the closest values to the measurements. Accuracy of estimation related to VPD negatively (especially for VPD > 1·5 kPa). The KP parameters, considered to be vegetation dependent, were a = 0·545 and b = 1·31 at the experimental site. A constant PT parameter (α = 1·18) was applied to estimated evapotranspiration. Daily values of α responded to VPD (negatively) more strongly than to soil moisture (positively) in this forest. The experiment showed the inherent limits and advantages of the three methods. The KP method, a semi‐empirical approach, was preferred to estimate half‐hourly evapotranspiration. The TD method was a mechanistic approach to estimate reference evapotranspiration and always overestimated actual evapotranspiration. The PT method, being site dependent and the simplest approach, was effective enough to estimate large time‐scale (at least daily) evapotranspiration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrochemistry of the Narmada and Tapti Rivers, India
Authors: Sharma Sanjay Kumar , Subramanian V. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe chemistry of major ions and elements in Narmada and Tapti river water was studied based on the monitoring of the drainage basins for monsoon and post‐monsoon seasons in 2004. The results show the influence of rock weathering on the concentration of major ions in the surface water. There is a significant contribution from the catchment geologies in the major constituents of water. The total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations are reflecting the signature of weathering of rocks in the catchment areas. In the Narmada River,$HCO_{3}^{-}$, Ca2+and Mg2+are dominant ions, whereas in the Tapti River the ions dominating major compositions are$HCO_{3}^{-}$, Na+and Mg2+. The high concentration of Cl−and$SO_{4}^{2-}$is a signature of anthropogenic inputs in addition to the contribution of discharge from springs and/or groundwater. The high concentration of$NO_{3}^{-}$can exclusively be attributed to the anthropogenic activities. The average concentration of dissolved silica being higher than the Indian and world average is reflecting the contribution of silicate weathering. The present study gives the silicate and carbonate weathering rates and the corresponding CO2consumption rates considering the contribution of carbonate rocks present in the selected river basins of the Deccan basaltic province. The mean silicate weathering rates during the investigation period for the Narmada and Tapti Rivers show lower values, but the corresponding mean CO2consumption rates give higher values compared with earlier estimated rates by Dessertet al. (2001.Earth and Planetary Science Letters188: 459). For the study period, the mean carbonate weathering rates and the associated CO2consumption rates for the Narmada and Tapti Rivers are ∼12·67 t km−2year−1and ∼7·32 t km−2year−1and ∼0·36 × 106mol km−2year−1and ∼0·22 × 106mol km−2year−1respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of runoff generation in a pristine, poorly gauged catchment in the Chilean Andes I: A multi‐method experimental study
Authors: Blume Theresa , Zehe Erwin , Reusser Dominik E. , Iroumé Andrés , Bronstert Axel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCatchment scale hydrological process studies in southern Chile are of special interest as little research at this scale has been carried out in this region. In particular, the young volcanic ash soils, which are typical for this area, are not well understood in their hydrological behaviour. In addition, extensive land use changes require detailed knowledge of hydrological processes in disturbed as well as undisturbed catchments in order to estimate resulting risks of erosion, eutrophication, floods and droughts. This study focuses on data collection and experimental determination of relevant processes in an undisturbed forested catchment in the Andes of southern Chile. The here gained understanding of runoff generation can serve as a reference for comparison with sites subject to human intervention, improving estimation of the effects of land use change. Owing to the lack of long‐term data for this catchment it was necessary to replace long time series by a multitude of experimental methods covering as many aspects of the runoff generation process as possible. The methods used in this investigation include: measurements of streamflow, rainfall, throughfall, water chemistry, soil water dynamics, groundwater dynamics, soil physics, soil mineralogy, geo‐electrical sounding, and tracer techniques. Methods and equipment used during field campaigns are described and evaluated for usefulness versus expenditure (labour and financial costs). Selected results and the hypotheses developed from these findings are presented. The results suggest the importance of fast processes for rainfall runoff response on the one hand as well as considerable dampening effects of a large subsurface storage on the other hand. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal and spatial variations in the discharge and dissolved organic carbon of drip waters in Beijing Shihua Cave, China
Authors: Ban Fengmei , Pan Genxing , Zhu Jian , Cai Binggui , Tan Ming 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTo detect the causal relationship between cave drip waters and stalagmite laminae, which have been used as a climate change proxy, three drip sites in Beijing Shihua Cave were monitored for discharge and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Drip discharges and DOC were determined at 0 to 14‐day intervals over the period 2004–2006. Drip discharges show two types of response to surface precipitation variations: (1) a rapid response; and (2) a time‐lagged response. Intra‐annual variability in drip discharge is significantly higher than inter‐annual variability. The content of DOC in all drip waters varies inter‐ and intra‐annually and has good correlation with drip water discharge at the rapid response sites. High DOC was observed in July and August in the three years observed. The flushing of soil organic matter is dependent upon the intensity of rain events. The DOC content of drip water increases sharply above a threshold rainfall intensity (>50 mm d−1) and shows several pulses corresponding with intense rain events (>25 mm d−1). The DOC content was lower and less variable during the dry period than during the rainy period. The shape of DOC peak also varies from year to year as it is influenced by the intensity and frequency of rainfall. The different drip sites show marked differences in DOC response, which are dominated by hydrological behaviour linked to the recharge of the soil and karst micro‐fissure/porosity network. The results explain why not all stalagmite laminae are consistent with climate changes and suggest that the structure of the rainy season events could be preserved in speleothems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discrete Bayesian network to investigate suspended sediment concentrations in an Alpine proglacial zone
Authors: Mount Nick , Stott Tim 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this study, a Bayesian Network (BN) is used to model the suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in the catchments of the glaciers Noir and Blanc in the Ecrins National Park, France, and at the distal end of the proglacial zone into which both torrents drain. Relationships between air temperature, glacier discharge and SSC are represented as random variables; thereby taking the natural next step from proposed modified rating curve methods which increasingly approximate random variable approaches. Hydrological relationships are propagated through the network via conditional probability distributions computed from 980 field records obtained at three monitoring sites during July 2005. Rainfall affected data are removed from the modelling process. A two‐sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov goodness‐of‐fit (two‐sample KS) test (n = 5) shows good agreement between the probability distributions of SSC predicted by the BN, and those recorded in the field at the outflow of the proglacial zone over an air temperature range of 5–25 °C. The BN performs poorly for air temperatures between 25 and 30 °C and this is attributed to limited field records covering this temperature range. Discussion of the significant limitations surrounding the widespread application of BNs in hydrological modelling are offered with a focus on data volume and temporal limitations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.