bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Targeted Subsidy on Intake of Fruits and Vegetables Among Low-Income Women in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
Authors: Herman Dena R. , Harrison Gail G. , Afifi Abdelmonem A. , Jenks Eloise 
Published: November 2007

Objectives. Intake of fruits and vegetables protects against several common chronic diseases, and low income is associated with lower intake. We tested the effectiveness of a subsidy for fruits and vegetables to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Methods. Women who enrolled for postpartum services (n=602) at 3 WIC sites in Los Angeles were assigned to an intervention (farmers’ market or supermarket, both with redeemable food vouchers) or control condition (a minimal nonfood incentive). Interventions were carried out for 6 months, and participants’ diets were followed for an additional 6 months. Results. Intervention participants increased their consumption of fruits and vegetables and sustained the increase 6 months after the intervention was terminated (model adjusted R2=.13, P<.001). Farmers’ market participants showed an increase of 1.4 servings per 4186 kJ (1000 kcal) of consumed food (P<.001) from baseline to the end of intervention compared with controls, and supermarket participants showed an increase of 0.8 servings per 4186 kJ (P=.02). Conclusions. Participants valued fresh fruits and vegetables, and adding them to the WIC food packages will result in increased fruit and vegetable consumption.
A Participatory Action Research Pilot Study of Urban Health Disparities Using Rapid Assessment Response and Evaluation
Authors: Brown David Richard , Hernández Agueda , Saint-Jean Gilbert , Evans Siân , Tafari Ida , Brewster Luther G. , Celestin Michel J. , Gómez-Estefan Carlos , Regalado Fernando , Akal Siri , Nierenberg Barry , Kauschinger Elaine D. , Schwartz Robert , Page J. Bryan 
Published: November 2007

Healthy People 2010 made it a priority to eliminate health disparities. We used a rapid assessment response and evaluation (RARE) to launch a program of participatory action research focused on health disparities in an urban, disadvantaged Black community serviced by a major south Florida health center. We formed partnerships with community members, identified local health disparities, and guided interventions targeting health disparities. We describe the RARE structure used to triangulate data sources and guide intervention plans as well as findings and conclusions drawn from scientific literature and epidemiological, historic, planning, clinical, and ethnographic data. Disenfranchisement and socioeconomic deprivation emerged as the principal determinants of local health disparities and the most appropriate targets for intervention.
Social and Emotional Consequences of Refraining From Sexual Activity Among Sexually Experienced and Inexperienced Youths in California
Authors: Brady Sonya S. , Halpern-Felsher Bonnie L. 
Published: November 2007

Objectives. We examined the social and emotional consequences among adolescents of refraining from sexual activity (oral or vaginal sex) and whether these consequences differed over time and by gender and sexual experience. Methods. Adolescents (N=612; 58% female) recruited from 2 schools were assessed at 4 time points separated by 6-month intervals, beginning in fall of ninth grade. Results. The percentage of adolescents who reported only positive consequences (e.g., they felt responsible, friends were proud) dramatically decreased over time, whereas the percentage that reported negative consequences (e.g., they felt left out, partners became angry) steadily increased. Adolescent girls and sexually experienced adolescents were more likely to report both positive and negative consequences than were adolescent boys and sexually inexperienced adolescents. Adolescents who began the study with sexual experience were more likely to report positive consequences of refraining from sexual activity by the end of the study than those who initiated sexual activity later. Conclusions. Sexual education programs should address how adolescents can cope with or prevent negative consequences of refraining from sexual activity, so that decisions to abstain are rewarding and decisions to engage in sexual activity are motivated by maturity and readiness.
Equity of Skilled Birth Attendant Utilization in Developing Countries: Financing and Policy Determinants
Authors: Kruk Margaret E. , Prescott Marta R. , Galea Sandro 
Published: November 2007

Objectives. Developing countries with higher health care spending have greater overall utilization of maternal health services than do countries with lower spending. However, the rich tend to disproportionately use these services. We assessed whether redistributive government policies in the context of higher levels of health spending were associated with more-equitable use of skilled birth attendants (doctors, nurses, or midwives) between rich and poor. Methods. We used data from Demographic and Health Surveys of 45 developing countries and disaggregated by wealth quintile. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the joint effect of higher health care expenditures, the wealth distribution of women’s fifth-grade education (a proxy for redistributive policy environment within the central government) and the overall proportion of women with fifth-grade education (a proxy for female literacy and an indicator of governments’ commitment to girls’ education). Results. We found that utilization of skilled birth attendants was more equitable when higher health expenditures were accompanied by redistributive education policies. Conclusions. Higher health care expenditures should be accompanied by redistributive policies to reduce the gap in utilization of skilled birth attendants between poorer and richer women in developing countries.
Upper integral and its geometric meaning
Authors: Bukac Josef 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Hahn definition of the integral is recalled, the requirement of measurability of the integrand omitted. Both the upper and lower integrals comply with this definition and so does any measurable function between them.
The outer product measure of the hypograph of a nonnegative bounded nonmeasurable function is equal to the upper integral which is equal to one of the Fan integrals. The outer measure of the graph of a bounded nonmeasurable function is equal to the difference between the upper and lower integrals.
A norm for not necessarily measurable functions is defined with the upper integral. The linear space with this norm is complete. The convergence in this space implies the convergence in outer measure. The distance as an outer measure of the symmetric difference of two sets gives us a complete metric space of classes of subsets.
Remarks on the order for quantum observables
Authors: Pulmannová S. , Vinceková E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Relations between generalized effect algebras and the sets of classical and quantum observables endowed with an ordering recently introduced in [GUDDER, S.: An order for quantum observables, Math. Slovaca 56 (2006), 573–589] are studied. In the classical case, a generalized OMP, while in the quantum case a weak generalized OMP is obtained. Existence of infima for arbitrary sets and suprema for above bounded sets in the quantum case is shown. Compatibility in the sense of Mackey is characterized.
Boston Institute of Contemporary Art
Authors: Merkel Jayne 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPerched on the edge of a wharf overlooking downtown Boston, Diller Scofidio + Renfro's new Institute of Contemporary Art takes advantage of its strange dramatic site, providing useful, unusually provocative spaces for the various arts it was built to house. While it is not surprising that Diller and Scofidio, who are artists themselves, were able to accommodate the complex programme imaginatively, their new firm's handling of the site in their first freestanding American building is impressive indeed. Jayne Merkel explains how the interiors are individualised and energised by the embrace of the harbour in a scheme that minimises the location's drawbacks and turns a visit into an art experience in its own right. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of the New Tetrameric Magnesium Imide Compound [(thf)MgNSiPh3]4
Authors: Fuchs Alexander , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: November 2007

AbstractReaction between di‐n‐butylmagnesium and the primary amine H2NSiPh3 affords the tetrameric magnesium imide [(thf)MgNSiPh3]4, representing the first example of a structurally characterized magnesium imide in which the group attached to the nitrogen is not aryl. The four Mg and N atoms are arranged in the form of a distorted heterocubane unit. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Isofusidienols: Novel Chromone‐3‐oxepines Produced by the Endophytic Fungus Chalara sp.
Authors: Lösgen Sandra , Magull Jörg , Schulz Barbara , Draeger Siegfried , Zeeck Axel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFour novel metabolites, named isofusidienol A, B, C, and D (1–4), were produced by cultures of Chalara sp. (strain 6661), an endophytic fungus isolated from Artemisia vulgaris. The unprecedented chromone‐3‐oxepine structure of the compounds was established by detailed spectroscopic analysis and in the case of isofusidienol A (1) verified by an X‐ray analysis. Additionally, two xanthones, known 5 and its 8‐chloro derivative 6, were isolated. Presumably, 5 is the biosynthetic precursor of the isofusidienols. The isofusidienols exhibit antifungal activity against Candida albicans and antibacterial activity against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. Inhibition of Bacillus subtilis could be achieved with less than 0.625 μg of 1 on 6‐mm filter disks in plate diffusion assays. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
2,6‐Disubstituted Tetrahydropyrans by Tandem Cross‐Metathesis/Iodocyclisation
Authors: Hiebel Marie‐Aude , Pelotier Béatrice , Goekjian Peter , Piva Olivier 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new approach to 2,6‐disubstituted tetrahydropyrans by a tandem cross‐metathesis/iodocyclisation reaction has been developed. The stereochemical outcome of the cyclisation reactions has been studied for different substrates. This sequence has allowed the preparation of a series of cis‐ and trans‐2,6‐disubstituted analogues of the tetrahydropyran subunit of bistramide A.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Rosie the riveter: A training perspective
Authors: Kopp David M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractExplored here are the training considerations for Rosie the Riveter, the fictional female icon created by the U.S. government as propaganda to draw women to working for the war industries. An observation is that “ordinary” training processes can be tethered to what we in the present day would now consider extraordinary contexts. Specifically, whether sexist ephemera or fervid fundamentalist movements training has borne witness to or aided and abetted human events both in triumph and in ignominy.
Multiple mechanisms are involved in 6‐gingerol‐induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Lee Seong‐Ho , Cekanova Maria , Baek Seung Joon 
Published: November 2007

Abstract6‐Gingerol, a natural product of ginger, has been known to possess anti‐tumorigenic and pro‐apoptotic activities. However, the mechanisms by which it prevents cancer are not well understood in human colorectal cancer. Cyclin D1 is a proto‐oncogene that is overexpressed in many cancers and plays a role in cell proliferation through activation by β‐catenin signaling. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)‐activated gene‐1 (NAG‐1) is a cytokine associated with pro‐apoptotic and anti‐tumorigenic properties. In the present study, we examined whether 6‐gingerol influences cyclin D1 and NAG‐1 expression and determined the mechanisms by which 6‐gingerol affects the growth of human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. 6‐Gingerol treatment suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest. Subsequently, 6‐gingerol suppressed cyclin D1 expression and induced NAG‐1 expression. Cyclin D1 suppression was related to inhibition of β‐catenin translocation and cyclin D1 proteolysis. Furthermore, experiments using inhibitors and siRNA transfection confirm the involvement of the PKCε and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β pathways in 6‐gingerol‐induced NAG‐1 expression. The results suggest that 6‐gingerol stimulates apoptosis through upregulation of NAG‐1 and G1 cell cycle arrest through downregulation of cyclin D1. Multiple mechanisms appear to be involved in 6‐gingerol action, including protein degradation as well as β‐catenin, PKCε, and GSK‐3β pathways. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel synthetic triterpenoid methyl 25‐Hydroxy‐3‐Oxoolean‐12‐en‐28‐Oate induces apoptosis through JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in human breast adenocarcinoma MCF‐7 cells
Authors: Rabi Thangaiyan , Banerjee Sipra 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common neoplasm in women and is the leading cause of cancer‐related death for women. Therefore, new agents targeting prevention and treatment of breast cancer are urgently needed. The present study first investigates that a novel triterpenoid Methyl 25‐Hydroxy‐3‐oxoolean‐12‐en‐28‐oate (AMR‐Me) derived from 25‐Hydroxy‐3‐oxoolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (AMR) is a potent inhibitor of cell growth by inducing human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells to undergo apoptosis. AMR‐Me induced DNA fragmentation and PARP degradation which were preceded by changing Bax/Bcl‐2 ratios, cytochrome c release, and subsequent induction of pro‐caspase‐9 and ‐7 processing in breast carcinoma MCF‐7 cells, but it did not act on Fas/Fas ligand pathways and the activation of caspase‐8, suggesting AMR‐Me triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The general caspase blocking peptide VAD partially blocked AMR‐Me induced apoptosis. AMR‐Me stimulated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK), but not extracellular signal‐regulated kinase activation during apoptosis. SP600125, a specific inhibitor for JNK and SB203580, a p38 MAPK‐specific inhibitor suppressed AMR‐Me induced apoptosis indicating that activation of JNK and p38 MAPKs involved in the mitochondrial activation‐mediated cell death pathway. Our results suggest that AMR‐Me can utilize two different MAPK signaling pathways for amplifying the apoptosis cascade, is critical for both our understanding of cell death events and development of cancer preventive/therapeutic agents. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microwave‐assisted facile synthesis of liquid crystalline non‐symmetrical hexaalkoxytriphenylenes containing a branched chain and their characterization
Authors: Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo novel series of liquid crystalline non‐symmetrical hexaalkoxytriphenylenes containing a branched alkyl chain have been prepared using microwave dielectric heating. Series 1 contains 2‐ethyl hexyloxy group as the branched chain whereas series 2 contains 3,7‐dimethyl octyloxy as the branched chain along with five normal alkoxy chains. The number of carbon atoms varies from four to eight in the normal alkoxy chains. Mesophase behaviour of the compounds has been characterized by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and mesophase structure has been characterized by X‐ray diffractometry. All the compounds show enantiotropic mesophase transitions with columnar hexagonal structure. In series 1 (4a–e) the mesophase range and transition temperatures of all the compounds are lowered as compared to the parent compounds whereas in series 2 (5a–e) the transition temperatures of all the compounds are lowered, mesophase range for lower members are decreased, however, higher members show more mesophase stability. Both melting and clearing temperatures of series 2 (5a–e) show strong odd–even effect. The intercolumnar distance increases as expected for compounds of both the series with increase in alkyl chain length with some degree of interdigitation of the alkyl chains. The intercolumnar distances for the compounds of the series 2 are slightly higher than the compounds of the series 1. Compound 4c displays homeotropic alignment without using any special technique for alignment of the columnar phase or application of any external force. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative, spatial resolution of the epigenetic field effect in prostate cancer
Authors: Mehrotra Jyoti , Varde Shobha , Wang Haiying , Chiu Hsiling , Vargo Janet , Gray Karen , Nagle Raymond B. , Neri Jaclyn R. , Mazumder Abhijit 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough a field effect in which transformed cells extend beyond morphologically evident tumor has been proposed in cancer, little direct evidence exists as to its magnitude and spatial resolution. We tested this hypothesis using molecular techniques to detect epigenetic changes in the primary tumor and surrounding tissues.METHODSEx vivo core biopsies, each spaced approximately 1 mm apart, were generated from 37 unique prostatectomy samples. The first core biopsy was confirmed to be histologically positive for cancer, and the subsequent biopsies were confirmed to be histologically negative. The methylation ratio of GSTP1, APC, RARβ2, and RASSF1A were measured for all of the 159 cores.RESULTSNo field effect, defined as absence of epigenetically transformed cells, for GSTP1 was observed whereas APC, RARβ2, and RASSF1A showed a field effect up to 3 mm from the malignant core in three prostatectomy samples. Furthermore, for each case, different patterns of the field effect were observed. The field effect appeared most pronounced with RARβ2. In 11 prostatectomy samples in which a second focus of cancer was identified, cells harboring RARβ2 methylation extended a large distance away from the primary tumor in one sample. Bisulfite sequencing of RARβ2 confirmed the presence of epigenetic aberrations.CONCLUSIONSThis study quantifies previous observations of methylation in histologically negative samples and provides important assessment of field effects based on epigenetic events in cancer. These molecular approaches set the stage for consideration of such data in prospective trials for assessment of surgical margins and prediction of recurrence. Prostate 68: 152–160, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sjögren's syndrome involing the larynx: report of a case
Authors: Barrs David M. , McDonald Thomas J. , Duffy Joseph 
Published: November 2007

Synopsis-AbstractSJÖGREN's syndrome is a presumably autoimmune disease with parthologic findings of lymphocytic infiltration of the involved structures. Although the salivary and lacrimal gl ands are the most commonly involved sites, extragl andular lymphoproliferation also occurs. Upper and lower respiratory tract lymphoproliferation is known, but only one case of Sjögren's disease of the larynx has been previously reported. We present a case of laryngeal involvement in which the gross pathologic appearance is different from that in the earlier case report. The otolaryngologist should consider Sjögren's disease in the differential diagnosis of diffuse laryngeal lesions.
Technique in electronystagmography
Authors: Hickson F. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPitfalls in the interpretation of electronystagmographic traces may be avoided by the reduction of artefacts in recording. These artefacts are often the result of poor physical conditions and lack of patient cooperation during recording. This paper examines technique in the clinical practice of eletronystagmography and suggests methods of minimising some of these recording artefacts.
Healing and hearing in uncomplicated myringoplasty
Authors: Mendel L. , Kuylenstierna R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn closing an uncomplicated central drum defect the technique known as an ‘underlay’is widely used. This method has certain advantages and yields good results as far as both healing and hearing are concerned. In an attempt further to improve reults the authors give an account of a series of myringoplasties and specifically discuss the unsuccessful cases. By a slight alteration in the operative technique used in the series presented, the authors believe that some failures can be avoided.
Combined pre-operative telecobalt therapy and supraglottic laryngectomy
Authors: Sellars S. L. , Mills E. E. D. , Seid A. B. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAt Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, over a 5-year period (1974 to 1978) 15 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx or hypopharynx have had planned 2,000 Rad Telecobalt therapy followed by supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy. Five patients following surgery had a further 3,600–4,000 Rad Telecobalt therapy.The peri-operative complications, in addition to those of whole organ resection, included debilitating laryngeal incompetence in three patients, two of whom underwent total laryngectomy. All 15 patients have remained free of recurrent disease for 2 years and 10 have been free for 3 or more years. One patient dies 4 years after surgery from a primary bronchial carcinoma.
Glomus jugulare tumours—combined treatment: Part I
Authors: Gardner Gale , Cocke Edwin W. , Robertson James T. , Trumbull Martin L. , Palmer Robert E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTotal en bloc removal is the ideal surgical treatment for glomus jugulare tumours. Efforts to accomplish this have been made periodically since shortly after this tumour was first identified in the early 1940s. A method of removal using a combined approach through the neck and temporal bone is described here. This method is preceded by pre-operative irradiation therapy and on occasion by embolization. The early results obtained using this method in 19 patients are reported.
Lipoma of the larynx imaged by conventional radiographic methods
Authors: O'Callaghan John P. , Emko Precha , Perl Theodore 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBenign tumors of the larynx are rare lesions and seldom encountered by radiologists. They usually are small, most commonly being diagnosed by indirect or direct laryngoscopy. A case of a large benign lipoma arising from the larynx which was visualized radiographically is described. A definitive diagnosis, however, was only possible following surgical excision of the lesion.
What's best in myringoplasty: underlay or overlay, dura or fascia?
Authors: Packer P. , Mackendrick A. , Solar M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractResults of 1065 operations (604 myringoplasties‡ and 461 tympanoplasties §) performed by a single surgeon using either underlay homograft dura, underlay autograft temporalis fascia or overlay autograft temporalis fascia are compared.Pre-operative and operative conditions are analysed to determine which of these influence results.
Bilateral transitional-type inverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Authors: Chatterji P. , Friedmann I. , Soni N. K. , Solanki R. L. , Ramdeo I. N. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAn uncommon bilateral transitional-type inverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses is presented, and the salient features of the lesion are discussed. The patient is well and without any signs of recurrence in either side of the nose more than two years after the first diagnosis and complete surgical excision of both tumours.Commonly unilateral, this tumour may occasionally be bilateral. In the present communication an uncommon case of bilateral inverted transitional-type papilloma, with a long history of allergy, is described with some comments on its pathogenesis.