bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemberian Mikoriza Dalam Media Tanam Campuran Limbah Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum)
Authors: Kurniawan Dedi , Khairani Siti 
Published: March 2024

The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of mycorrhizae, media mixture palm oil waste, interaction between mycorrhizae and media mixture palm oil waste. This research used a Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors, which were concentration of mycorrhizae (0, 50, and 100 g/plant) and level of media mixture palm oil waste (top soil, top soil + TKKS (1:1), top soil + fiber (1:1), and top soil + sludge (1:1)). Results showed that the treatment of mychorrizae and mixed media give significant effect on number of leave, fresh dan dry tuber weight for plant. The giving mycorrhizae 50 g/plant increased number of leave (21,85 sheet), fresh tuber weight (27,48 g), and dry tuber weight (21,21 g). Media of top soil + sludge increased number of leave (23,60 sheet), fresh tuber weight (32,35 g), and dry tuber weight (24,16 g). The addition of mycorrhizae and media mixture palm oil waste can increase results of onion.
Aplikasi Solid Decanter dan EM4 terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.) pada Tanah Alluvial
Authors: Putra Iwandikasyah , Jalil Muhammad , Irawan Jekki , Afrillah Muhammad , Chairudin Chairudin , Simamora Habibul Alamsyah , Saputra Iwan 
Published: March 2024

The study aimed to look at the effect of solid decanter and EM4 applications on the growth and production of melon plants (Cucumis melo L.) on Alluvial. Solid decanter is a raw organic matter and requires decomposition with EM4 so that nutrients can be utilized properly by melon plants. This research was carried out December-April 2022 at the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Teuku Umar University, West Aceh Regency, Aceh Province. This study used a Randomized Group Design (RAK) factorial pattern of 4 x 4 with 3 repeats. The first factor is Solid Decanter (S) which consists of S0 (control), S1 (90 gr), S2(180 gr), S3(270 gr) and the second factor is EM4 (E) which consists of E0 (control), E1 (10ml), E2 (20ml), E3 (30ml). The results showed an interaction between solid decanter and EM4 against the diameter of the stem of melon plants at 14 HST. This best treatment was found in the combination of S2E1 treatment, where the solid decanter dose of S2(180 gr) and EM4 E1 (10 ml) differed markedly from other treatment combinations.
SUPERVISI AKADEMIK KEPALA SEKOLAH DAPAT MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PROSES BELAJAR MENGAJAR DI SD NEGERI 036 TARAKAN
Authors: Suryani Suryani 
Published: March 2024

Untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru SDN 036 Tarakan dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran maka diperlukan supervisi akademik. Kegiatan supervisi akademik ini diperlukan untuk menjawab permasalahan, apakah ada upaya kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan kinerja gurupun meningkat dalam melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya.Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah semua guru SDN 036 Tarakan yang berjumlah 16 orang guru, yang terdiri dari 3 guru laki-laki dan 13 guru perempuan. Kegiatan supervisi akademik dilaksanakan dalam 3 bulan mulai bulan Juli 2022 sampai bulan September 2022 dengan melakukan supervisi akademik sebanyak 2 siklus dan setiap siklus dilaksanakan 3 kali pertemuan serta setiap pertemuan mempunyai empat tahapan yakni, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan dokumentasi dan selanjutnya dianalisis secara statistik sederhana dengan menggunakan rumus persentase.Temuan supervisi akademik ini menunjukkan bahwa melalui supervisi akademik terdapat rata-rata 5 orang guru atau 35,7% telah kompeten dalam melaksanakan proses belajar mengajar pada siklus I dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 15 orang guru atau 92,9% yang kompeten walaupun masih ada 1 orang atau 7,1% yang hanya mencapai kriteria cukup kompeten namun tetap akan diberikan pembinaan supaya dapat mencapai kriteria kompeten pada melaksanakan proses belajar mengajar sehingga kinerjanya menjadi baik.Dengan memperhatikan hasil supervise akademik terhadap guru SDN 036 Tarakan ini bahwa kinerja guru dapat meningkat kompetensinya karena ada perhatian dari kepala sekolah, dibimbing dalam kegiatan proses belajar mengajar, dan memberikan motivasi sehingga sehingga membuat semua kegiatan belajar mengajar dengan baik dan dampaknya hasil belajar siswa dapat meningkat dengan baik. Kata Kunci: Supervisi Akademik, Proses Belajar Mengajar.
The Role of Self-Monitoring Strategies in Developing Students’ Speaking Performances via Google Workspace
Authors: Jameel Ali Sabah 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Self-monitoring strategies are considered educational tools that help students measure their educational levels themselves. The present study aimed at revealing the role of self-monitoring strategies in developing students’ speaking performance.
Methods: The research adopted a case-study design (with a limited number of participants). The participants were six first-year students of the Department of Business Management at the College of Management and Economics, University of Anbar, who study the English language as an ESP subject. Inside the classroom, the experiment was applied by using self-monitoring strategies in developing students' speaking performance via Google Workspace (via distance learning). Data was collected using open-ended questions.
Results: The study results revealed that self-monitoring strategies have a positive and significant role in improving and developing students’ speaking performance. The participants were satisfied with the speaking levels that they had reached after 40 days of implementing the experience. Students' self-awareness, as well as their linguistic self-confidence, have increased.
Conclusion: The outcomes of the study highlights the significant role of using self-monitoring feedback in developing speaking skills. The results are promising indicators for the effectiveness and safety of using self-monitoring strategies. It is recommended that students in the Department of English use self-monitoring strategies to gradually develop their language skills. Instructors can also use self-monitoring strategies to enhance their students' academic English proficiency.
Morphopragmatic Analysis of Word Derivation Variations in the Holy Quran and their Translations into English
Authors: Khalaf Abed Shahooth , Ali Ayad Hamad , Ibraheem Fatin Khalil , Rashid Sabariah Md 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of variations in word derivations in the Holy Quran on conveying their communicative impact when translated into English. Specifically, the study seeks to identify which of the selected translations have preserved the intended pragmatic effect triggered by word derivation variations in each Ayah when translated into English.
Methods: To achieve this objective, the study compiles a corpus consisting of Ayahs containing randomly selected morphological derivation variations from the Holy Quran and their translations in English by Ali (1934), Pickthall (1930), Ghali (1996), Arberry (1955), Palmer (1947), and Al-Hilali and Khan (1984). The content analysis method was employed to identify instances of word derivation variations in the corpus, and Nida’s (1964) principle of equivalent effect was adopted to examine the loss of the communicative impact of these words in each translation.
Results: The findings of the study indicate that almost all the selected translations failed to preserve the intended pragmatic effect triggered by the variation in word derivations in the Holy Quran when conveyed to English recipients.
Conclusions: The reasons behind this failure might be attributed to the translators' inability to grasp the intended pragmatic implications resulting from morphological variations of words.
Bukhar Khadat: the Princes of Bukhara Until the Year 301 AH / 913 AD
Authors: Suhail Muhammad Hassan , Saleh Othman Abdul Aziz 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study aims to highlight the political significance of the Bukhara Khadat by translating their biographies, detailing their rule duration, their involvement in historical events, and their relationship with Arab rule after the conquest of Bukhara in the year 90 AH. It also examines their interactions with Arab Muslim rulers and their political and economic standing.
Methods: The study employs a descriptive analytical approach that analyzes historical narratives and links them to significant historical events. The family's history is meticulously examined, primarily relying on Al-Narshakhi's "The History of Bukhara," completed in 358 AH (968 AD). This information is used to analyze the family's history in the context of recent historical events.
Results: The study reveals that the Bukhara Khadat lineage held authority in Bukhara until 301 AH (913 AD). They played a vital role in the city's development, contributing to its urban and economic growth. They even minted coins bearing their images. Following the Arab conquest, the Bukhara Khadat collaborated with the conquerors, fostering amicable relations. They actively participated in the city's political and economic administration, assimilating into the Arab-Islamic culture.
Conclusions: The study covers the biographies and rule periods of the nine rulers who governed Bukhara. It also explores the historical events they experienced and participated in alongside the Abbasid caliphate. Their political role ended with the accession of Samanid Prince Ismail and the integration of Bukhara into the Samanid emirate in 301 AH (913 CE).
Family Bonds and Womb Ties and Their Contact with Reality for Shaarawy
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Hafez Jamil , Karim Qais Jalil 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study takes extreme care about preservation of families ties which are emphasized by Qur'an in order to preserve the community because the family is the nucleus of a society.
Methods: The study followed a thematic approach, where the study mentioned the Quranic verse, then proceeded with the realistic analysis of the verse, the intended meaning in this verse, and the statements of the commentators on it.
Results: So, these realistic touches make the marital bonds stronger and cut off anything that makes them in conflict to achieve families’ ties. Moreover, the study found that one of the signs of faith is the connection of the womb among Muslims, and through it we can establish solidarity among the community, spreading affection and mercy. In addition to that it was found that one of the sciences that Sha'arawi has transmitted to this nation is the science of interpretation.
Conclusions: Preserving family ties and maintaining kinship relationships are matters strongly encouraged by Islamic teachings. When we adhere to these principles, we strengthen the bonds between families and relatives. The legislation of laws concerning kinship ties and family bonds stems from the importance given to these aspects by Islamic teachings. The Islamic household, when fragmented, becomes susceptible to the influence of destructive ideas propagated by malevolent forces. Therefore, figures like Sheikh Al-Shaarawy paid significant attention to Quranic verses that emphasize these issues, stressing the necessity of vigilance and caution regarding their negative consequences. This is what I will elucidate in this research.
Exploring the Techniques of Creating Images Utilized by Sylvia Plath in her Poetry
Authors: Ali Ayad Hammad , Ayyed Omar Saadoon 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This research aims to understand the methods employed by Sylvia Plath in crafting metaphorical images. Another objective is to analyze these metaphorical images through the conceptual metaphor theory. The study assumes that Sylvia Plath relies on specific concepts derived from her personal pains and discouraging life experiences in the composition of her figurative images.
Methods: Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) model has been adopted with some requisite modifications to analyze twelve randomly selected poems from Sylvia Plath's collection. The analysis methods involve decoding figurative images based on three elements of implicit meaning perception that underlie each metaphorical image.
Results: The results revealed that Plath adopted seven methods shaped by specific elements such as metaphorical forms, body parts, colors, and natural elements, which assisted the poet in creating her distinctive figurative images. It was also confirmed that the conceptual metaphor theory was highly effective in analyzing the metaphorical images employed by the poet.
Conclusion: The poet constructed her images by relying on two mechanisms, using various linguistic patterns, and blending disparate elements together to depict a specific concept. This made her poetry more effective and eloquent.
The Iranian Impact on Iraqi-Jordanian Relations after 2003
Authors: Bardan Falah Mubarak 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The study aims to examine the possibilities and challenges associated with repairing ties between Jordan and Iraq. Additionally, it explores how Iraq's foreign policy priorities towards other nations are influenced, in part, by Iran.
Methods: The historical evolution of relations between Iraq and Jordan is tracked using the historical technique described in the first section of the article. The second section employs an analytical and descriptive technique to investigate the impact of the Iranian variable on the Iraq-Jordan relationship.
Results: Iranian influence on Iraqi political decision-making has significantly shaped Iraq's political, economic, and security orientations concerning other Arab nations. Iran assesses Iraq's international relations through the zero-sum game theory, viewing alliances between Iraq and its Arab neighbours or nations close to the United States as detrimental to its interests.
Conclusion: Since 2003, Iran has actively interfered in Iraq, directly impacting its foreign policy. The constraints on Iraqi political decision-makers limit their ability to advance Iraq's national interests. Consequently, the post-2003 relationship between Iraq and Jordan serves as a model illustrating the impact of the Iranian component in Iraq, leading to minimal changes in Iraq's foreign policy concerning the Arab regional environment.
Advancements in single-crystal silicon with elevated-laser-liquid-phase-epitaxy (ELLPE) for monolithic 3D ICs
Authors: Shih Bo-Jheng , Pan Yu-Ming , Chung Hao-Tung , Lin Nein-Chih , Yang Chih-Chao , Huang Po-Tsang , Cheng Huang-Chung , Shen Chang-Hong , Shieh Jia-Min , Wu Wen-Fa , Chen Kuan-Neng , Hu Chenming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, we present a low thermal budget elevated-laser-liquid-phase-epitaxy technique designed for the precise fabrication of single-crystal islands (SCIs) intended for use in middle-end-of-line (MEOL) FinFETs. Each of these SCIs features a (100) orientation tended from Si seeding structure and is successfully integrated as channel materials in the MEOL circuit of a monolithic 3D IC (3DIC). This technique effectively mitigates the typical performance disparities associated with poly-Si channel materials in upper tiers, addressing a significant challenge in advanced electronic device fabrication and potentially enhancing the performance and reliability of MEOL FinFETs in monolithic 3DIC.
Resistive switching memory using buckybowl sumanene-inserted bilayer graphene
Authors: Ashihara Eito , Kawai Ryoichi , Ishikawa Ryousuke , Mitani Yuichiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The bowl-shaped molecules of the nanocarbon material called sumanene have structural flexibility (bowl inversion). In the case of the sumanene molecule used as an intercalant between graphene layers, it has been predicted that holes and electrons are unevenly distributed according to the bowl inversion. Using the property of sumanene molecules, we expected that resistive switching for the nonvolatile memory applications could be achieved by the sumanene-inserted bilayer graphene. In this study, metal–insulator–metal devices with sumanene-inserted bilayer graphene are fabricated. As a result, it is observed that the resistance of the sumanene-inserted bilayer graphene changes by applying voltage, demonstrating resistive switching characteristics. This result implies the possibility of realizing a novel ultra-thin resistive memory device using nanocarbon technologies.
Investigation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Endostatin Levels in Some Rat Tissues in Response to Cold Stress and Diet
Authors: Coban Filiz , Yurekli Muhittin 
Published: March 2024

Objective: Obesity, the disease of our age, is a condition that occurs when there is an excess of fat tissue in the body. It is not merely a concern about weight gain, but rather a medical issue that elevates the risk of various diseases including heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain cancers. This study aimed to explore the impact of a high-fat diet under normal conditions and cold stress, as well as the influence of propolis as a dietary supplement, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin levels in rats fed with propolis.
Material and Methods: Thirty-six 3-month-old female Wistar rats (6 rats in each group) sourced from Inonu University Experimental Animal Production and Research Center were utilized for the study. Propolis was administered by gavage, dissolved in water, at a dosage of 2 mL per day for two weeks.
Results: The group exhibiting at least a 20% increase in weight due to high-fat diet consumption was categorized as the obese group. Tissues including heart, liver, lung, brown adipose, and white adipose tissues were procured from the obese, propolis-treated, and control groups. Endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were assessed in the tissues using the ELISA method. The study revealed an elevation in VEGF levels in brown adipose tissue in both cold stress and propolis treatment groups, accompanied by a reduction in white adipose tissue compared to the control group. Additionally, VEGF levels displayed a general increase in lung, liver, and heart tissues. Conversely, endostatin levels, an antiangiogenic factor, decreased in brown adipose tissue while increasing in white adipose tissue. In liver, lung, and heart tissues, endostatin levels exhibited a general decrease.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that both cold stress and propolis treatment influence VEGF and endostatin levels in various rat tissues, indicating potential implications for obesity-related conditions and angiogenesis regulation.
Intravenous Lidocaine Efficacy in Preventing Succinylcholine-Induced Postoperative Myalgia in Surgical Adult Patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital
Authors: Aligaz Esubalew Muluneh , Senait Aweke Yadeta  , Amanuel Sisay Endeshaw  , Mulualem Sitot Fekede  , Hirbo Samuel Hirbo  
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Medical professionals exclusively utilize succinylcholine as a depolarizing muscle relaxant. Some of the negative symptoms include fasciculation, myalgia, muscle spasms, and hyperkalemia. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine in preventing succinylcholine-induced postoperative myalgia.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was undertaken on 80 elective surgery patients. Participants were categorized into two groups: one group received intravenous lidocaine (the exposed group), and the other did not receive lidocaine (the control group). The study participant was chosen using a rigorous random sampling procedure. Data collectors monitored patients for post-operative myalgia at 12, 24, and 48 hours following the procedure. We analyzed the data using SPSS version 26. A P-value below 0.05 indicated statistical significance.
Results: Demographic and clinical data in both groups are similar, with a p-value greater than 0.05. The total incidence rate of succinylcholine-induced postoperative myalgia was 39.3%. 22.5% of the group that received lidocaine experienced postoperative myalgia, compared to 60% of the group that did not receive lidocaine. The group that received lidocaine had lower postoperative myalgia severity generated by succinylcholine compared to the group that did not receive lidocaine, with percentages of 42.9% against 53.3% for mild myalgia, and 15.8% versus 84.3% for moderate myalgia, respectively, with a p-value of 0.001.
Conclusion: Administering lidocaine intravenously prior to surgery effectively reduced the occurrence and intensity of succinylcholine-induced muscle pain after the operation.
Peningkatan Keterampilan menulis Surat Pribadi dalam Bahasa Inggris dengan menggunakan Padlet
Authors: Polapa Dewi 
Published: March 2024

Keterlibatan Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh saat ini bisa dilihat dari persentasi dalam pengumpulan tugas Daring, tidak bisa mencapai 100%. Kesulitan lain dalam perubahan di era new normal dari Pembelajaran konvensional menjadi pembelajaran daring. Peserta Didik dalam proses pembelajaran Daring Bahasa Inggris, mestinya terlibat secara aktif, tetapi dalam kenyataannya mereka sangat pasif. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai oleh guru dalam melakukan PTK adalah untuk memperbaiki kualitas pembelajaran daring pada materi menulis surat pribadi dalam bahasa Inggris menggunakan Padlet. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research) yang memiliki empat komponen penting dalam setiap siklusnya dan berputar secara beruntun, yakni dimulai dari komponen plan (perencanaan), action (tindakan), kemudian observe (pengamatan) dan reflect (refleksi). Peneliti melakukan perencanaan, pengamatan dan pelaksaanaan pembelajaran dan refleksi, mulai dari Siklus I sampai dengan siklus III, berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diuraikan pada siklus I pengumpulan tugas siswa hanya terdapat 12 siswa yang mengumpulkan tugas melalui link padlet yang diberikan oleh guru, beberapa siswa mengumpulkan tugas setelah berakhir tanggal pengiriman, sedangkan hasil test pemahaman siswa dapat diperoleh prosentase ketuntasan nilai belajar siswa sejumlah 41,38% atau sebanyak 12 siswa. Sedangkan prosentase ketidaktuntasan siswa adalah 58,62% atau sebanyak 17 siswa. Siklus II dapat diuraikan bahwa pengumpulan tugas siswa, terdapat 16 siswa mengumpulkan tugas melalui link padlet yang diberikan guru dan 13 siswa tidak mengumpulkan tugas. Dalam prosentase ketuntasan hasil belajar pada siklus II dengan prosentase ketuntasan nilai belajar siswa sejumlah 16 siswa atau sebesar 55,17% sedangkan prosentase ketidaktuntasan sebanyak 13 siswa atau sebesar 44,83%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa belum mencapai hasil maksimal mengingat Tugas menulis Surat pribadi sebagian siswa belum mengumpulkan tugas di padlet sehingga perlu dilanjutkan pada siklus III. Pada siklus ini model pembelajaran menggunakan Project based learning. Peserta didik menulis Surat Pribadi dengan tema pengalaman belajar selama masa pandemi dirumah. Dari Hasil belajar siswa setelah beberapa waktu berselang untuk periode pengumpulan tugas siswa, terdapat 25 siswa mengumpulkan tugas melalui link padlet yang diberikan guru dan 4 orang mengumpulkan secara luring. Sedangkan Prosentase ketuntasan nilai belajar siswa sejumlah 26 siswa atau sebesar 89,7%. Sedangkan prosentase ketidaktuntasan nilai belajar siswa adalah sejumlah 3 siswa atau sebesar 10,34%.