bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation of the NR1 but not the NR2 subunits of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor induced by inhibition of the N‐glycosylation in cortical neurons
Authors: Gascón Sergio , García‐Gallo Mónica , Renart Jaime , Díaz‐Guerra Margarita 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is fundamental to normal and pathological functioning of neurons. The receptor subunits are N‐glycosylated proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that fold, mature, and oligomerize as they transit through the secretory pathway. Although the early processes of biogenesis are fundamental to NMDAR expression and function, our knowledge of them is nevertheless limited. Additionally, the investigation of NMDAR synthesis is highly relevant, in that ER dysfunction, frequently associated with acute and degenerative brain diseases, might alter this process. We characterize here the effect of ER stress produced by inhibition of N‐glycosylation on NMDAR synthesis and function. We use first heterologous systems of NMDAR expression in which NR1 and NR2A subunits are synthesized in nonneuronal cells. The function of these NMDARs as Ca2+ channels is repressed by tunicamycin, because of the inhibition of NR1, but no NR2A, synthesis. The regulation of NR1 is relevant to the central nervous system, in that a dramatic decrease in synthesis of this subunit and assembly of NMDARs is observed in cortical neurons treated with tunicamycin. The inhibition of NR1 synthesis is not due to changes in levels of mRNA but associated with the earliest stages in NMDAR biogenesis. The inhibition of N‐glycosylation activates ER‐specific stress responses in neurons, which include the ER‐associated degradation (ERAD) mechanism responsible for differential and extremely efficient degradation of nonglycosylated NR1 by the proteasome after ubiquitination. Because this is an obligatory NMDAR component, the significant sensitivity of NR1 to ER stress will have important consequences on receptor function. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of robotic milling on periprosthetic bone remodeling
Authors: Hananouchi Takehito , Sugano Nobuhiko , Nishii Takashi , Nakamura Nobuo , Miki Hidenobu , Kakimoto Akihiro , Yamamura Mitsuyoshi , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe ROBODOC system has provided better fit and fill of the stem and less destruction of the bony architecture than with manual surgery. These benefits might affect femoral periprosthetic bone remodeling. We evaluated the effects of robotic milling in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a longitudinal 24‐month follow‐up study using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and plain radiographs of 29 patients (31 hips) after ROBODOC THA and 24 patients (27 hips) after manual THA with the same stem design. To minimize the influence of other factors on bone remodeling, only female osteoarthritis patients, who had no drugs that might affect bone metabolism were enrolled. Significantly less bone loss occurred at the proximal periprosthetic areas in the ROBODOC group. In zone 1, the decrease was 15.5 versus 29.9% using conventional rasping; in zone 7, the loss was 17.0% with ROBODOC compared to 30.5% with conventional rasping (p < 0.05). On radiographs, endosteal spot welds in the proximal medial portion were more pronounced in the ROBODOC group (48 vs. 11% in the conventional group, p < 0.05). Our results suggest that robotic milling is effective in facilitating proximal load transfer around the femoral component and minimizing bone loss after cementless THA. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1062–1069, 2007
Microwave‐assisted extraction of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside from flaxseed hull
Authors: Zhang Wenbin , Xu Shiying 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted extraction (MAE) of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) from defatted flaxseed hull (DFH) was studied. The effects of pre‐soaking methods and extraction parameters (ethanol concentration (0–100%, v/v), microwave energy input (50–390 W), liquid to solid ratio (5:1 to 40:1, mL g−1) and irradiation time (10–330 s)) on the SDG yield were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimise the MAE conditions as irradiation time 90.5 s, ethanol concentration 40.9% (v/v), liquid to solid ratio 21.9:1 (mL g−1) and microwave power 130 W. The SDG recovery from DFH with MAE was 11.7 g SECO kg−1 DFH (on dry‐weight basis), which was significantly higher than that of stirring extraction (10.0 g SECO kg−1 DFH) and Soxhlet extraction (7.60 g SECO kg−1 DFH). Compared with stirring extraction and Soxhlet extraction, MAE showed its superiority in improving SDG yield and saving time and energy. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Body contouring by non‐invasive transdermal focused ultrasound
Authors: Moreno‐Moraga J. , Valero‐Altés T. , Riquelme A. Martínez , Isarria‐Marcosy M.I. , de la Torre J. Royo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe risks of currently available invasive procedures in body contouring motivate a need for safer, non‐invasive technologies for improving the appearance of body silhouette. A new device has been developed that uses focused therapeutic ultrasound to reduce adipose tissue non‐invasively. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a novel non‐invasive focused ultrasound system (UltraShape Ltd, Tel Aviv, Israel) in reducing localized fat deposits to improve body contours.Study Design/Patients and MethodsA prospective study was conducted on 30 healthy patients. All patients underwent three treatments, at 1‐month intervals, and were followed for 1 month after the last treatment. Areas treated were the abdomen, inner and outer thighs, flanks, inner knees, and breasts (males only). No other body contouring procedure was used during the study. Efficacy was determined by change in fat thickness, assessed by ultrasound measurements, and by circumference measurements. Weight change was monitored to assess whether reduction in fat thickness or circumference was dependent on or independent of weight loss. Safety was determined by clinical findings, assays of serum triglycerides, and liver ultrasound evaluation for the presence of steatosis.ResultsAll patients showed significant reduction in subcutaneous fat thickness within the treated area. The mean reduction in fat thickness after three treatments was 2.28±0.80 cm. Circumference was reduced by a mean of 3.95±1.99 cm. Weight was unchanged during the treatment and follow‐up period. No adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsThis study shows the efficacy and safety of focused ultrasound, using the UltraShape™ Contour I, as a non‐invasive transdermal method for reducing unwanted fat deposits in the body. Multiple treatments combined with appropriate patient and treatment area selection can produce dramatic improvements in body contour. Lasers Surg. Med. 39: 315–323, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cultured epithelial cells response to phototherapy with low intensity laser
Authors: Eduardo Fernanda P. , Mehnert Dolores U. , Monezi Telma A. , Zezell Denise M. , Schubert Mark M. , Eduardo Carlos P. , Marques Márcia M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLittle is known about the intracellular response of epithelial cells to phototherapy. The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the effect of phototherapy with low‐energy lasers with different wavelengths and powers on cultured epithelial cell growth under different nutritional conditions.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEpithelial cell cultures (Vero cell line) grown in nutritional deficit in culture medium supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) were irradiated with low‐energy laser from one to three times with a GaAlAs laser (660 nm) and InGaAlP (780 nm), 40 and 70 mW, respectively, with 3 or 5 J/cm2. Cell growth was indirectly assessed by measuring the cell mitochondrial activity.ResultsNonirradiated cell cultures grown in nutritional regular medium supplemented with 10% FBS produced higher cell growth than all cultures grown in nutritional deficit irradiated or not. The overall cell growth of cultures grown under nutritionally deficit conditions was significantly improved especially when irradiated with 780 nm for three times.ConclusionsPhototherapy with the laser parameters tested increases epithelial cell growth rate for cells stressed by growth under nutritionally deficient states. This cell growth improvement is directly proportional to the number of irradiations; however, was not enough to reach the full cell growth potential rate of Vero epithelial cell line observed when growing under nutritional regular condition. Lasers Surg. Med. 39: 365–372, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photothermolysis of blood vessels using indocyanine green and pulsed diode laser irradiation in the dorsal skinfold chamber model
Authors: Babilas Philipp , Shafirstein Gal , Baier Jürgen , Schacht Vivien , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Landthaler Michael , Bäumler Wolfgang , Abels Christoph 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveFor the treatment of vascular lesions, the use of laser light absorbed by the endogenous chromophore hemoglobin may still be improved.Materials and MethodsLaser treatment (λem = 805 nm; fluence rate: 106 kW/cm2; fluence: 3.2 J/cm2 (3 milliseconds)), of blood vessels directly after i.v. application of indocyanine green (ICG) (ICG‐concentration: 0, 2, or 4 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) (n = 14,117) was investigated in the skinfold chamber model. Vessel diameters (1–351 µm) were measured using intravital fluorescence microscopy up to 24 hours following irradiation. Histology was taken 1 or 24 hours after irradiation. Results were compared to a mathematical model based on the finite element method.ResultsThe reduction of blood vessel perfusion was proportional to ICG‐concentration and pulse duration; only a 30 milliseconds pulse duration (2 or 4 mg/kg b.w. ICG‐concentration) induced a loss of perfusion even of blood vessels with a diameter <30 µm. Histology revealed photocoagulation of blood vessels up to 24 hours. Results were in agreement with mathematical calculations.ConclusionICG‐mediated laser irradiation induces irreversible photocoagulation of blood vessels of all diameters in this model. Lasers Surg. Med. 39: 341–352, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐level laser irradiation (LLLI) promotes proliferation of mesenchymal and cardiac stem cells in culture
Authors: Tuby Hana , Maltz Lidya , Oron Uri 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLow‐level laser irradiation (LLLI) was found to promote the proliferation of various types of cells in vitro. Stem cells in general are of significance for implantation in regenerative medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of LLLI on the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiac stem cells (CSCs).Study Design/Materials and MethodsIsolation of MSCs and CSCs was performed. The cells were cultured and laser irradiation was applied at energy densities of 1 and 3 J/cm2.ResultsThe number of MSCs and CSCs up to 2 and 4 weeks respectively, post‐LLLI demonstrated a significant increase in the laser‐treated cultures as compared to the control.ConclusionThe present study clearly demonstrates the ability of LLLI to promote proliferation of MSCs and CSCs in vitro. These results may have an important impact on regenerative medicine. Lasers Surg. Med. 39: 373–378, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ionic‐Strength‐ and pH‐Responsive Poly[acrylamide‐co‐(maleic acid)] Hydrogel Nanofibers
Authors: Liu Haiqing , Zhen Mao , Wu Renhuang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA novel acrylamide/maleic acid copolymer [P(AM‐MA)] hydrogel nanofibrous membrane with a fiber diameter of ca. 120 nm is prepared by electrospinning an aqueous P(AM‐MA) solution with diethylene glycol as crosslinker, followed by a heat‐induced esterification crosslinking reaction at 145 °C. This hydrogel nanofiber can maintain a fiber form, but becomes distorted and merges to form many physical crosslinking points after immersion in water. The P(AM‐MA) hydrogel nanofibers are sensitive to external stimuli ionic strength and pH. Their water‐swelling ratio decreases with increasing solution ionic strength, and it shows a characteristic two‐step increase at pH = 2.5 and 8.5 in response to the increase of solution pH. The maximum water‐swelling ratios of the P(AM‐MA) hydrogel nanofibers are 18.1 and 22.5 g · g−1 in a solution of 0.05 mol · dm−3 ionic strength and in an aqueous solution of pH 11, respectively.magnified image
Polymers from Multifunctional Isocyanates, 15
Authors: Mormann Werner , Wezstein Markus 
Published: April 2007

AbstractN‐(4‐cyanatophenyl)maleimide and 2‐isocyanato propene were copolymerised to give an alternating copolymer, which is the first example of a polymer having an isocyanate as well as a cyanate reactive functional group in the repeating unit. The polymer analogous reaction with methanol proceeded selectively at the isocyanate groups. Crosslinking of the cyanate‐urethane copolymers by cyclotrimerisation of cyanate groups occurred at elevated temperature. Reaction with dibutylamine at 20 °C led to complete reaction of both the cyanate and isocyanate moieties in a non‐selective manner.magnified image
Controlled Synthesis and Characterization of Poly[ethylene‐block‐(L,L‐lactide)]s by Combining Catalytic Ethylene Oligomerization with “Coordination‐Insertion” Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Ring Jochen O. , Thomann Ralf , Mülhaupt Rolf , Raquez Jean‐Marie , Degée Philippe , Dubois Philippe 
Published: April 2007

AbstractModel poly[ethylene‐block‐(L,L‐lactide)] (PE‐block‐PLA) block copolymers were successfully synthesized by combining metallocene catalyzed ethylene oligomerization with ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of L,L‐lactide (LA). Hydroxy‐terminated polyethylene (PE‐OH) macroinitiator was prepared by means of ethylene oligomerization on rac‐dimethyl‐silylen‐bis(2‐methyl‐benz[e]indenyl)‐zirconium(IV)‐dichloride/methylaluminoxane (rac‐MBI/MAO) in presence of diethyl zinc as a chain transfer agent, and subsequent in situ oxidation with synthetic air. Poly[ethylene‐block‐(L,L‐lactide)] block copolymers were obtained via ring‐opening polymerization of LA initiated by PE‐OH in toluene at 100 °C mediated by tin octoate. The formation of block copolymers was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, fractionation experiments, thermal behavior, and morphological characterization using AFM and light microscopy techniques.magnified image
Carboxybetaine Polymer‐Protected Gold Nanoparticles: High Dispersion Stability and Resistance against Non‐Specific Adsorption of Proteins
Authors: Matsuura Kazuhiro , Ohno Kohji , Kagaya Shigehiro , Kitano Hiromi 
Published: April 2007

Abstract1‐Carboxy‐N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐(2′‐methacryloyloxyethyl)methanaminium inner salt (CMB) was polymerized by ATRP initiated with a disulfide difunctionalized by 2‐bromoisobutyryl groups. The disulfide‐carrying carboxybetaine polymer (DT‐PCMB) was used for the preparation of PCMB‐protected gold nanoparticles (PCMB‐AuNPs) obtained by the reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) in the presence of the DT‐PCMB of different molecular weights at different molar ratios of DT‐PCMB and HAuCl4. The sizes of gold cores in the PCMB‐AuNPs tended to increase upon decreasing concentration and molecular weight of the DT‐PCMB. The PCMB‐AuNPs possessed a high dispersion stability, and showed a resistance against non‐specific adsorption of proteins (bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, lysozyme, and cytochrome c). Therefore, DT‐PCMB is a quite suitable stabilizing ligand to prepare inert AuNPs and the PCMB‐AuNPs will be useful in biomedical applications.magnified image
On the perturbation theory of instable isolated eigenvalues
Authors: Demuth M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe problem of the perturbation of an operator having a continuous spectrum and an isolated eigenvalue λ0 is considered by means of the theory on embedded eigenvalues. The perturbation is divided up into two parts. One part is used for embedding the isolated eigenvalue λ0. This embedded eigenvalue becomes instable by the second part of the perturbation and spectral concentration is given near λ0. The general model is illustrated by a simple example.
In‐Situ Polymerization at the Interface of Micelles: A Novel Method to Control Functionality and Morphology
Authors: Liu Li , Zhang Mingming , Zhao Hanying 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new method to control the morphology and functionality of micelles is reported. Triblock copolymer micelles with atom transfer radical polymerization initiators at the interface are prepared in aqueous solution. After in‐situ polymerization at the interface, the structures of the interface and corona change, and micelles with PDMAEMA‐PEG comb–coil coronal chains are obtained. In aqueous solution, the pH exerts an influence on the morphology of the micelles. The coronal chains adopt different conformations at different pH values. Upon drying, the two coronal chains phase separate and form nanometer‐sized domains.magnified image
Sialic Acid Engineering of Thin Hydrogel Membranes
Authors: Woerly Stéphane , Fort Sébastien , Heyraud Alain 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe report the synthesis of glycosylated hydrogel membranes of poly{[N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]‐co‐(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)} with the aim of developing bioactivated polymer substrates for cell culture. 3′‐Sialyllactose, the saccharidic portion of the GM3 ganglioside involved in cell‐cell recognition over a wide range of biological processes, was chemically modified with an acrylate group and incorporated into the growing macromolecular network of hydrogels by free radical crosslinking copolymerization. The incorporation and accessibility of the sialic acid residues at the hydrogel surface was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using mouse monoclonal anti‐GM3, and by electron microscopy after labeling with lectin‐gold nanoparticles. The water content was further characterized by thermogravimetry.magnified image
Clinical multishot DW‐EPI through parallel imaging with considerations of susceptibility, motion, and noise
Authors: Skare Stefan , Newbould Rexford D. , Clayton David B. , Albers Gregory W. , Nagle Scott , Bammer Roland 
Published: April 2007

AbstractGeometric distortions and poor image resolution are well known shortcomings of single‐shot echo‐planar imaging (ss‐EPI). Yet, due to the motion immunity of ss‐EPI, it remains the most common sequence for diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). Moreover, both navigated DW interleaved EPI (iEPI) and parallel imaging (PI) methods, such as sensitivity encoding (SENSE) and generalized autocalibrating parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA), can improve the image quality in EPI. In this work, DW‐EPI accelerated by PI is proposed as a self‐calibrated and unnavigated form of interleaved acquisition. The PI calibration is performed on the b = 0 s/mm2 data and applied to each shot in the rest of the DW data set, followed by magnitude averaging. Central in this study is the comparison of GRAPPA and SENSE in the presence of off‐resonances and motion. The results show that GRAPPA is more robust than SENSE against both off‐resonance and motion‐related artifacts. The SNR efficiency was also investigated, and it is shown that the SNR/scan time ratio is equally high for one‐ to three‐shot high‐resolution diffusion scans due to the shortened EPI readout train length. The image quality improvements without SNR efficiency loss, together with motion tolerance, make the GRAPPA‐driven DW‐EPI sequence clinically attractive. Magn Reson Med 57:881–890, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging shows fatty deposition after myocardial infarction
Authors: Goldfarb James W. , Arnold Sheeba , Roth Marguerite , Han Jing 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPathologic studies have shown an increased lipid content in areas of myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to show the ability of precontrast T1‐weighted MRI to noninvasively detect fat deposition in MI and show its association with infarct age. Thirty‐two patients with MI were studied. Precontrast inversion‐recovery (IR) cine steady‐state free precession (SSFP) imaging was used to generate both fat‐ and muscle‐nulled images to locate areas of fat deposition in the left ventricular (LV) myocardium. Postcontrast delayed hyperenhanced (DHE) imaging was also performed. Image contrast in regions of MI on precontrast images and postcontrast DHE images was measured. The association of image contrast with infarct age was determined by means of correlations and Student's t‐test. We found a significant association between infarct age and image contrast in both fat‐ and muscle‐nulled images. Precontrast T1‐weighted MRI is a promising method for detecting myocardial fat deposition in chronic MI, and can be used to assess myocardial infarct age. Magn Reson Med 57:828–834, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T2 measurement of the human myocardium using a T2‐prepared transient‐state trueFISP sequence
Authors: Huang Teng‐Yi , Liu Yi‐Jui , Stemmer Alto , Poncelet Brigitte P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA fast and motion‐insensitive technique suitable for myocardial BOLD contrast imaging is presented. The method, termed T2‐TrueFISP, combines T2 magnetization preparation with steady‐state free precession (SSFP) imaging for T2 relaxation mapping of the myocardium in healthy volunteers. The T2 contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) was optimized with the use of transient‐state TrueFISP readout and half‐Fourier readout with linear phase encoding. Single‐slice myocardial T2‐weighted image was obtained within one heartbeat, and a single slice T2 map of the myocardium was obtained in under 5–7 s. A respiratory navigator‐gating method was incorporated for serial measurements and signal averaging, with the subjects breathing freely. The mean myocardial T2 relaxation time measured in 12 healthy volunteers was 54 ± 5.7 ms. Regional variations of T2 values across the myocardium were 7%. Temporal variations across serial T2 measurements in a transmural region covering ∼0.5 cc of the left ventricular (LV) wall were 3.6% without signal averaging (number of excitations (NEX) = 1) and 1.7% with signal averaging (NEX = 10). According to our preliminary results, the T2‐TrueFISP method is expected to provide a robust and sensitive tool for clinical application of myocardial BOLD contrast imaging. Magn Reson Med 57:960–966, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo imaging of changes in tumor oxygenation during growth and after treatment
Authors: Bratasz Anna , Pandian Ramasamy P. , Deng Yuanmu , Petryakov Sergey , Grecula John C. , Gupta Nilendu , Kuppusamy Periannan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA novel procedure for in vivo imaging of the oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in implanted tumors is reported. The procedure uses electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) of oxygen‐sensing nanoprobes embedded in the tumor cells. Unlike existing methods of pO2 quantification, wherein the probes are physically inserted at the time of measurement, the new approach uses cells that are preinternalized (labeled) with the oxygen‐sensing probes, which become permanently embedded in the developed tumor. Radiation‐induced fibrosarcoma (RIF‐1) cells, internalized with nanoprobes of lithium octa‐n‐butoxy‐naphthalocyanine (LiNc‐BuO), were allowed to grow as a solid tumor. In vivo imaging of the growing tumor showed a heterogeneous distribution of the spin probe, as well as oxygenation in the tumor volume. The pO2 images obtained after the tumors were exposed to a single dose of 30‐Gy X‐radiation showed marked redistribution as well as an overall increase in tissue oxygenation, with a maximum increase 6 hr after irradiation. However, larger tumors with a poorly perfused core showed no significant changes in oxygenation. In summary, the use of in vivo EPR technology with embedded oxygen‐sensitive nanoprobes enabled noninvasive visualization of dynamic changes in the intracellular pO2 of growing and irradiated tumors. Magn Reson Med 57:950–959, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.