bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genuine and Artificial Stammering: An EMG Comparison*
Authors: CODE CHRIS 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA pilot experimental procedure was designed to determine whether genuine stammering and artificially induced stammering in a normal speaker are manifestations of the same phenomenon: results would indicate that they are not. It is further concluded that there is no significant difference between genuine fluency in a normal speaker, and artificially induced fluency in a stammerer using auditory feedback masking. A simple device for achieving delayed auditory feedback is also described.
The Effectiveness of an Intensive Group Speech Therapy Programme for Adult Stammerers
Authors: HELPS ROSEMARIE , DALTON PEGGY 
Published: November 2007

SummaryOf 65 stammerers undergoing intensive group therapy, 21 used syllable‐timed speech as their control technique, while 44 used prolonged speech. The first group only achieved 20% improvement at the six month reassessment. The second group reached 61% improvement. Of the prolonged speech group 19 undertook regular follow‐up therapy after the course and their improvement scores showed a mean of 86%. Assessment procedures are discussed in relation to prediction of outcome and suggestions made for further developments in therapy in the light of the results.
Neuropsychological Processes in Adult Aphasia: Rationale for Treatment
Authors: FARMER ALVIRDA , O'CONNELL PAMELIA F. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThis paper discusses adult aphasia as a disorder resulting from separate or combined dysfunctions of several neuropsychological processes. It is argued that the characteristics of verbal expression generally indicate the manner in which these processes are dysfunctioning. Such a rationale indicates that diagnosis and treatment should be based on identifying these neuropsychological processes and designing clinical activities which facilitate more efficient functioning rather than attempting to “reteach” specific linguistic patterns.
The Developmental Language Programme. Results from a Five Year Study
Authors: COOPER JEAN , MOODLEY MOLLY , REYNELL JOAN 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe setting up and preliminary findings of the Developmental Language Programme have been described in a previous article (1974). This article presents the findings after five years, from 50 children in the language class setting; and 69 children in the parent programme (language “clinic”) under the direction of a speech therapist. In addition to The Wolfson Centre groups, the findings are reported on field trials carried out in local authority class and clinic settings. The large majority of the “programme” children made accelerated progress in all language‐related areas of development. Group comparisons showed that all groups, including the field trials, using the Developmental Language Programme made better progress than (a) children of similar age and handicap having no special help, and (b) those having conventional weekly speech therapy. Practical implications are discussed, including the deployment of speech therapy services.
Involving parents in extending the language development of their young mentally handicapped children
Authors: McCONKEY ROY , JEFFREE DOROTHY M. , HEWSON SIMON 
Published: November 2007

SummaryLanguage facilitation schemes for the Mentally Handicapped have been designed mainly for use by therapists or teachers and they have tended to ignore the contribution which parents inevitably make to their child's development of language. However in this study, the parents were solely responsible for carrying out the language learning activities at home. They were given guidance on the choice of suitable learning objectives and games to play and. where necessary, their teaching methods were modified. The result demonstrated that parents were effective in teaching their child to identify and name objects and to structure two‐word sentences. It is argued that a “parent‐centred” approach not only makes more effective use of professional resources but that it may overcome the generalisation problems encountered by previous approaches.
Deglutition problems in head and neck cancer patients: implications for the speech pathologist
Authors: FLEMING SUSAN M. , WEAVER ARTHUR W. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryPatients with head and neck cancer frequently have swallowing impairment. Speech pathologists may overlook these patients unless there is an accompanying speech problem. The association of dysphagia and speech problems was evaluated, therefore, in an attempt to better define their relationship. Fifty‐eight head and neck cancer patients were classified as to whether they had total laryngectomy, supraglottic laryngectomy, or oral/pharyngeal resection. The patients in each of these three subgroups were evaluated six weeks post‐operatively for any difficulties encountered with the factors, speech, swallowing, and aspiration. An interval scale was used to rate the severity of impairment associated with each factor. Analyses substantiate the close inter‐relationship of speech and swallowing deficits. Since speech pathologists work with the mechanisms related to the factors evaluated in this investigation it is logical that they should develop therapy regimens which remedy dyspagia.
Aphasic Comprehension and Preference of Rate‐Altered Speech
Authors: RIENSCHE LINDA L. , WOHLERT AMY , PORCH BRUCE E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis investigation examined both the preferred listening rate of individual aphasic subjects relative to their optimal comprehension rate and the relationship of individual subject variables to each of those rates. The preferred listening rates of 15 aphasic subjects were determined as the mean of five trials in which the rate of speech played by an electronic time‐compressor/expander was adjusted. Each subject's comprehension was then tested at time‐expanded rates of 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100%. Individual subjects did not appear to have superior comprehension at the rate nearest their preferred listening rate. However, they demonstrated greater variability in their preferred listening rate choices than previously reported for normal subjects and a positive relationship was obtained between individual subject's variability in choosing a preferred listening rate and the variability in his comprehension scores. It was suggested that this finding may be related to “tuning in” and “fading out” behaviors associated with variability in individual aphasic's performance. This suggestion was discussed relative to unclear findings obtained in previous investigations employing time‐expanded speech with aphasic subjects and the clinical use of such techniques. Further research investigating the use of various time‐expanding techniques with subjects displaying much performance variability was indicated.
Cognitive Development in Pre‐Adolescent Language Impaired Children
Authors: JOHNSTON JUDITH R. , RAMSTAD VIVIAN 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study investigates conceptual development in seven pre‐adolescent language impaired children with normal range performance IQ. Across a variety of Piagetian tasks these children performed less well than would be expected for their mental age. This was particularly true for tasks demanding anticipatory imagery. These findings suggest that language impairment may be accompanied by pervasive cognitive deficits – including difficulties with non‐linguistic symbolic representation.
The Speech and Language Development of Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: WRIGHT N. E. , THISLETHWAITE D. , ELTON R. A. , WILKINSON E. M. , FORFAR J. O. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA group of 70 low birth weight infants and 49 matched controls were studied at 3;5 years of age for speech and language development and hearing acuity as part of an ongoing developmental study of low birth weight infants.Results showed that the low birth weight infants were found to be significantly delayed in language expression and comprehension when compared with their controls. There was not a significant difference between the two groups in speech articulation or hearing.Certain social and environmental factors were found to be strong predictors of speech and language development in both groups.
Imaginative Play in Language Disordered Children
Authors: MPhil ORLEE UDWIN , YULE WILLIAM 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe study involved a comparative investigation of imaginative play behaviour in a clinical group of 15 language disordered preschool boys and a control group of 15 normal speakers, matched for age, sex, socio‐economic status and non‐verbal IQ. When compared with the normal speakers, the clinical group showed serious deficits in imaginative play in free play sessions and on a standardised Symbolic Play Test. Over the total sample, significant correlations were found between imaginative play and expressive and comprehension language abilities, which persisted even after controlling for intelligence, thereby supporting the contention of a generalised symbolic function common to both language and imaginative play. Most of these correlations did not hold up in the case of each group separately, which may have been due to the more limited range of variability in the variables concerned within each group.
The Internal Representation of Word‐Final Phonemes in Phonologically Disordered Children
Authors: HUGHES RHONWEN E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study investigates the pluralisation of words in three phonologically disordered children to determine whether they select plural endings on the basis of their own erroneous surface forms of word‐stems or on the basis of internal representations which are closer to the adult forms than the surface forms suggest.Results suggest that:a) The procedure used can provide valuable information about children's internal phonological representations and could be of clinical value.b) In the subjects tested there are instances where internal representations of words are shown to be closer to the adult forms than the children's surface forms would imply. However there is evidence that their internal representations are not always exactly equivalent to the adult forms.
Intensive speech therapy for cleft palate children
Authors: Albery Liz , Enderby Pam 
Published: November 2007

AbstractForty six children with deviant articulation secondary to cleft palate or other velo‐pharyngeal disorders took part in a controlled trial, to gauge the efficacy of intensive speech therapy. Subjects were randomly allocated either to attend a six‐week intensive course of speech therapy, or to continue with their conventional weekly therapy. Results indicate a significant improvement in articulation for those children receiving intensive help immediately post‐course as compared with a very slight improvement seen in the speech of the control group. This improvement achieved by children on the course was maintained throughout the two‐year follow‐up period and, although the articulation of the control group continued to improve, at the end of the two year follow‐up period the children on the course had better articulation scores.
NOTES AND DISCUSSION PAPERS: 1: Non‐verbal communication of aphasic patients
Authors: Behrmann Marlene , Penn Claire 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe non‐verbal communication of eleven aphasic patients was investigated within a dyadic communication framework. Results were then compared with those of standardised aphasia measures. Appropriateness and functions of the non‐verbal behaviours were found to differ among patients and to correlate poorly with other test measures. Case examples are provided and neurological and clinical implications are discussed.
NOTES AND DISCUSSION PAPERS: 2: Therapists' views on the clinical usefulness of four aphasia tests*
Authors: Beele K. A. , Davies Ena , Müller Dave J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlthough tests of aphasia have been critically discussed (e.g. Darley, 1979; Müller, Munro & Code, 1981) little data exist from practising speech therapists as to their clinical usefulness in the assessment and management of aphasic patients. This study was carried out to meet this need. The subjects were speech therapists who were representative of different areas of the U.K. The four most frequently used tests were found to be An Aphasia Screening Test, the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, the Minnesota Test for the Differential Diagnosis of Aphasia and the shortened Minnesota Test for the Differential Diagnosis of Aphasia (Thompson & Enderby, 1979). The majority of therapists were not entirely satisfied with the clinical usefulness of these tests and some amendments were suggested. Implications relating to the assessment and clinical management of aphasic patients are discussed and the need for a screening test linked more closely to a full battery of tests is noted.
The costs of using trained and supervised volunteers as part of a speech therapy service for dysphasic patients
Authors: Quinteros B. , Williams D. R. R. , White C. A. M. , Pickering M. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTSpeech therapy for dysphasic patients outside hospital, using trained and supervised volunteers, group therapy and home visits from trained speech therapists, was compared with hospital out‐patient speech therapy. The cost per case (direct NHS costs only) for providing community speech therapy for 12 patients was greater than that for providing monthly hospital speech therapy for a similar number. However, when estimated costs per case for a larger group of patients are compared with fortnightly or weekly hospital therapy, community speech therapy is less costly. An assessment of the effectiveness of the speech therapy in these patients suggests that the group given community speech therapy with volunteer support made greater progress than those given therapy as hospital out‐patients.
Speech therapy in Parkinson's Disease: A study of the efficacy and long term effects of intensive treatment
Authors: Robertson Sandra J. , Thomson Fay 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTA study was set up to judge the efficacy and long term effects of intensive speech therapy in patients with Parkinson's Disease. A total of 22 patients entered the study but only 18 completed it. Twelve patients were randomly allocated to a treatment group and participated in a two week intensive speech therapy programme. Ten patients were randomly allocated to a control group and received no therapy. Six of the control group and all twelve of the treatment group patients were available for follow‐up assessments.It is concluded that a course of intensive speech therapy is of value to patients with speech and voice problems arising out of their Parkinson's Disease and that the effects of speech therapy can be maintained for up to a period of three months at least.
The teaching of tones to children with profoud hearing impairment*
Authors: Yuen Angela Fok Chan Yuen 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTExperiments on the perception of tones in Cantonese have shown that almost all the distinctive features of tones reside in glottal vibration; and examination of the residual hearing ability of the profoundly deaf revealed that very few do not retain low frequency responses if provided with appropriate amplification. Putting the two together, it seems that tones are well within the residual hearing domain where the deaf can operate. The problem seems to lie mainly in overlooking the importance of tones in speech training; this results in the absence of a referential linguistic framework for the reception and production of tones. The present project explores the ability of deaf children to identify tones, through isolating and amplifying the larynx signal. Stress was given to building up the linguistic pattern of tonal relationship prior to the teaching of tones. A programme was produced, specifying the methodology and teaching materials. Several children with profound hearing loss were taught according to the devised plan and every child who went through the programme was able to produce tonal contrasts.
Acoustic measurement of voice quality in dysphonia after severe closed head trauma: A follow‐up study
Authors: Hartmann E. , von Cramon D. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThe present study employed an inventory of acoustic parameters in the quantitative evaluation of the recovery of normal phonation in dysphonia after severe closed head trauma. The amount of spectral energy in the 1 to 5 KHz range and above 5 KHz was sufficient to differentiate two subgroups of patients and their main patterns of reorganization of phonatory function. One subgroup showed a voice quality compound of breathy and tense, which gradually normalised in the follow‐up period, whereas the other one initially exhibited a normal or lax, breathy voice, which subsequently became more tense. The variance of spectral energy and the duration of aspiration preceding voice onset additionally indicated signs of tense and breathy voice production. Furthermore, the fundamental period perturbation showed that roughness is a less important feature of dysphonia after severe closed head trauma.
The twin situation and its effects on syntax and interactional language over time
Authors: Haden Ricole , Penn Claire 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe syntactic and interactive language development of a single twin dyad was investigated longitudinally. One of the dyad was language‐impaired and received therapy. The other child developed essentially normal language. This study was conducted over a nineteen‐month period and examined the effects of the twin situation on language form and function. The language sample was the basis for analysis and separate attention was given to each twin alone with the experimenter and then to the twins' interaction with each other and the experimenter in order to examine patterns of conversational dominance. Results indicated that the presence of the normal twin had a depressing effect on certain language measures of the language‐impaired twin but that this effect became less marked after the institution of therapy.
The effectiveness of conductive education principles with profoundly retarded multiply handicapped children
Authors: Cottam Philippa , McCartney Elspeth , Cullen Chris 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effectiveness of two teaching programmes based on Conductive Education principles was examined. It was hypothesised that if the teaching programmes based on Conductive Education were more effective with this group of children than traditional teaching approaches then the experimental group should show higher post‐test scores than the control group. It was concluded that the teaching programmes based on Conductive Education principles were no more effective with profoundly retarded multiply handicapped children than more traditional, individual classroom teaching.
Pragmatic disorders: A case study of conversational disability
Authors: McTear Michael F. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTAlong with recent developments in discourse and conversation analysis has come the recognition that some children are impaired in their ability to engage in conversational interaction. In some cases this disability has not been strongly associated with language deficits at other levels of linguistic analysis. This case study of a ten year old child presents a detailed analysis of disordered conversational data as a basis for assessment and remediation, using data from spontaneous conversation as well as from more structured communication tasks. Although the child is deficient in both interactional and transactional aspects of conversation, his major problem is seen to lie in the integration of these components. Furthermore, as the detailed analysis and interpretation of the data reveals, he adopts a variety of communicative strategies to compensate for these deficiencies. Some general implications are drawn for further research in this area.
The use of specific semantic word categories in the diagnosis of dysnomic learning‐disabled children
Authors: German Diane J. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThe word finding skills of dysnomic children (learning‐disabled children with word finding problems) were compared with those of learning disabled and normal children without word finding problems when naming letters, numbers, and colours. Comparison of word finding skills between groups and conditions were made with respect to completion time, errors, and secondary characteristics. Learning‐disabled children with word finding problems manifested significantly more errors, longer completion times, and more secondary characteristics on letter and colour naming while performing similarly to children without word finding problems on number naming tasks. Learning disabled children without word finding problems did not differ significantly from normal children in their naming of colours, letters, or numbers. Implications for the use of specific semantic categories in the assessment of word finding disorders are discussed.
Recent advances in the assessment of ‘failed’ oesophageal speakers
Authors: Perry Alison , Edels Yvonne 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTBy means of videofluoroscopy laryngectomy patients can be clearly categorised into five mutually exclusive groups. It has been shown that difficulties in oesophageal voice acquisition are directly related to adequacy of the pharyngo‐oesophageal (P‐E) segment, which is a direct result of the type of surgery used at the time of initial laryngectomy. This paper gives indications for intervention in each of the five groups described and emphasises the need for earlier objective evaluations in order to remedy these difficulties.
Stuttering relapse: The effect of a combined speech and psychological reconstruction programme
Authors: Evesham Margaret , Fransella Fay 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTAn investigation was carried out to test the hypothesis that stutterers who achieved fluent speech during two weeks of intensive treatment would be less likely to relapse if they were also helped to reconstrue themselves as fluent people. Forty eight stutterers were randomly allocated to a technique or a construct group. By means of a form of behaviour modification they were helped to speak fluently. Then the treatment of the technique group focused on the practice of fluent speech in many situations while the construct group were helped to reconstrue this fluency along the lines of personal construct therapy. The treatment proved to be effective in reducing stuttering behaviour and the relapse rate was low. A comparison of the groups showed that the construct group had a significantly lower relapse rate than the technique group.
Articulatory and voicing characteristics of adult dysarthric and verbal dyspraxic speakers: An instrumental study
Authors: Hardcastle W. J. , Barry R. A. Morgan , Clark C. J. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThe instrumental techniques of electropalatography and pneumotachography are used to examine details of tongue‐palate contacts and VOT characteristics of three adult male subjects: two described as dysarthric and one as dyspraxic. A comparison is made between the subjects, and the results are compared with data from four normal speakers. The information is considered with reference to the neurological bases of these disorders of speech, and the advantages of an instrumental investigation over traditional auditory based assessments are exemplified. Some implications for therapy are also considered.