bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Size Differences of Breast Cancer and Benign Tumors Measured by Two‐Dimensional Ultrasound and Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Tian Yang , Wang Weizhen , Hu Yanbin , Chen Fei , Liu Zheng , Li Liangzi , Tang Jiawei 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesUltrasound (US) imaging has been observed to underestimate tumor size in clinical practice. This study aims to compare the size measurements of breast cancer and benign tumors using two‐dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).MethodsThe study included 42 clinically confirmed breast cancer and 47 benign breast tumors. Two experienced physicians independently measured the maximal longitudinal and transverse diameters of the masses in 2DUS and CEUS. All analyses were performed in R (4.2.2) and GraphPad Prism 6.ResultsThe maximal longitudinal and transverse diameters of breast cancer measured by CEUS were 26.61 ± 0.21% and 26.24 ± 0.19% larger compared with 2DUS, and benign breast tumors had an 11.74 ± 0.21% and 11.06 ± 0.14% increase in size compared with 2DUS. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for the difference between 2DUS and CEUS was 0.870 for longitudinal diameters (95% CI: 0.795–0.945, sensitivity 0.842, specificity 0.783, threshold value 0.215), and 0.863 for transverse diameters (95% CI: 0.785–0.942, sensitivity 0.667, specificity 0.936, threshold value 0.203).ConclusionsThe size measurements of both breast cancer and benign tumors were larger in CEUS compared with 2DUS, with CEUS measurements of breast cancer being more pronounced than those of benign breast tumors. These findings suggest that CEUS may provide a more precise assessment of tumor size, which is crucial for determining optimal treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes in breast cancer management.
Ten‐year results from the UK National Ligament Registry: Patient characteristics and factors predicting nonresponders for completion of outcome scores
Authors: Gabr Ayman , Fontalis Andreas , Robinson James , Hage William , O'Leary Sean , Spalding Tim , S. Haddad Fares 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to report the demographic and mechanism of injury data in the UK National Ligament Registry (NLR) at 10 years and determine factors leading to poor compliance with completion of Patient‐Reported Outcome Scores (PROMs).MethodsA retrospective review was performed for prospectively collected data on the NLR between January 2013 and December 2022. All patients who underwent primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) were included. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury and patient compliance with completing PROMs were analysed. Patient characteristics were further analysed in relation to compliance with completing the different PROMs at the predefined time points. Patients were identified as nonresponders if they had not completed either 1‐ or 2‐year postoperative Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).ResultsA total of 17,492 patients were included in this study. The average age for patients undergoing ACLR between 2013 and 2022 was 29.4 (SD, 10.3). Seventy percent were men and 30% women. Football was the most common activity associated with an ACL injury. Patient compliance with recording PROMs was 55% preoperatively and 37%, 32% and 24% at 1‐, 2‐ and 5‐year postoperative follow‐up, respectively. Nonresponders represented 54% of eligible patients. Multivariate analyses showed that sex, age, smoking, time interval between injury and surgery and low socioeconomic status were associated with low compliance with postoperative PROM completion (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study reports the demographic characteristics for patients on the NLR since 2013. Male sex, young age, increased waiting time between injury and surgery, smoking and lower socioeconomic class were predictors of low compliance with completion of postoperative PROMs on the UK NLR. Understanding the factors that affect patient compliance with PROMs improves our ability to provide targeted interventions and information to specific patient populations with the aim of enhancing inclusiveness and representation of population in the registry.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
BATF promotes extramedullary infiltration through TGF‐β1/Smad/MMPs axis in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhang Ru , Miao Jiyu , Zhai Meng , Liu Rui , Li Fangmei , Xu Xuezhu , Huang Lingjuan , Wang Ting , Yang Rui , Yang Ruoyu , Wang Yiwen , He Aili , Wang Jianli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most prevalent types of leukemia and is challenging to cure for most patients. Basic Leucine Zipper ATF‐Like Transcription Factor (BATF) has been reported to participate in the development and progression of numerous tumors. However, its role in AML is largely unknown. In this study, the expression and prognostic value of BATF were examined in AML. Our results demonstrated that BATF expression was upregulated in AML patients, which was significantly correlated with poor clinical characteristics and survival. Afterward, functional experiments were performed after knocking down or overexpressing BATF by transfecting small interfering RNAs and overexpression plasmids into AML cells. Our findings revealed that BATF promoted the migratory and invasive abilities of AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the target genes of BATF were searched from databases to explore the binding of BATF to the target gene using ChIP and luciferase assays. Notably, our observations validated that BATF is bound to the promoter region of TGF‐β1, which could transcriptionally enhance the expression of TGF‐β1 and activate the TGF‐β1/Smad/MMPs signaling pathway. In summary, our study established the aberrantly high expression of BATF and its pro‐migratory function via the TGF‐β1‐Smad2/3‐MMP2/9 axis in AML, which provides novel insights into extramedullary infiltration of AML.
Longitudinal Free‐Water Changes in Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Chiu Shannon Y. , Chen Robin , Wang Wei‐en , Armstrong Melissa J. , Boeve Bradley F. , Savica Rodolfo , Ramanan Vijay , Fields Julie A. , Graff‐Radford Neill , Ferman Tanis J. , Kantarci Kejal , Vaillancourt David E. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) examines tissue microstructure integrity in vivo. Prior dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) diffusion tensor imaging studies yielded mixed results.ObjectiveWe employed free‐water (FW) imaging to assess DLB progression and correlate with clinical decline in DLB.MethodsBaseline and follow‐up MRIs were obtained at 12 and/or 24 months for 27 individuals with DLB or mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI‐LB). FW was analyzed using the Mayo Clinic Adult Lifespan Template. Primary outcomes were FW differences between baseline and 12 or 24 months. To compare FW change longitudinally, we included 20 cognitively unimpaired individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.ResultsWe followed 23 participants to 12 months and 16 participants to 24 months. Both groups had worsening in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) scores. We found significant FW increases at both time points compared to baseline in the insula, amygdala, posterior cingulum, parahippocampal, entorhinal, supramarginal, fusiform, retrosplenial, and Rolandic operculum regions. At 24 months, we found more widespread microstructural changes in regions implicated in visuospatial processing, motor, and cholinergic functions. Between‐group analyses (DLB vs. controls) confirmed significant FW changes over 24 months in most of these regions. FW changes were associated with longitudinal worsening of MDS‐UPDRS and MoCA scores.ConclusionsFW increased in gray and white matter regions in DLB, likely due to neurodegenerative pathology associated with disease progression. FW change was associated with clinical decline. The findings support dMRI as a promising tool to track disease progression in DLB. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Advancing CO2 to CO conversion: Detailed impact analysis of atmospheric molecules in an ultrashort pulse laser filament plasma reactor
Authors: Wang Luping , Deng Lunhua , Huang Qian , Qiu Xuanbing , Li Chuanliang , Zhang Sanjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCapturing carbon dioxide (CO2) and transforming it into valuable fuels offers a dual benefit: the potential to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels and decrease our dependency on fossil fuels. Plasma‐assisted CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO) conversion stands out within the various CO2 recycling methods, with research primarily emphasizing its energy efficiency and conversion efficacy. However, investigations of CO2 conversion under real air conditions are relatively scarce, and the effects of the other atmospheric molecules on the CO2 conversion process require further exploration. We have induced plasma chemical reactions by generating ultrashort pulse laser filaments inside a sealed‐off cavity with variable air pressures. Simultaneously, we applied mid‐infrared laser absorption spectroscopy to monitor the time evolution of the reaction products. The peak CO2‐to‐CO conversion ratio was achieved at an air pressure of 8000 Pa, which resulted in a CO concentration of 82 ppm. The experimental results suggested that nitrogen (N2) plays a promoting role in CO2‐to‐CO conversion, while the presence of oxygen (O2) seems to hinder the process. The hydroxyl radical (OH) arising from water molecules (H2O) limits the accumulation of CO at lower air pressures. However, at higher air pressures, the reduced OH radical concentration shows negligible impact on the CO2‐to‐CO conversion ratios. In addition, the study revealed that atmospheric plasmas produce a high concentration of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which is directly proportional to the levels of ambient humidity. This research contributes to the development of strategies to mitigate the production of harmful gases like HCN in CO2 conversion, thereby promoting the ecofriendly conversion of atmospheric CO2.
Construction of “hard‐soft‐hard” structures with ammonium cerium nitrate/sodium alginate/carbon nanotubes on carbon fiber surfaces for superior mechanical
Authors: Wu Yunhuan , Quan Guipeng , Gong Bao , Li Weiwen , Dai Shengtao , Li Daimei , Ao Yuhui , Xiao Linghan , Liu Yujing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe interface between carbon fiber (CF) and the resin matrix is of paramount importance in determining the overall performance of composite materials. This study employed ammonium ceric nitrate (ACN), sodium alginate (SA), and aminated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to fabricate “hard‐soft‐hard” nanostructure on the surface of CFs with the aim of enhancing the interfacial properties of the composites. The results indicated that interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), interfacial shear strength (IFSS), flexural strength, and modulus of the composites demonstrated a respective increase of 31.0%, 51.8%, 44.3%, and 85.3% following the modification process. The observed positive outcome can be ascribed to the creation of “hard‐soft‐hard” nanostructures achieved by the combination of ACN, SA, and CNTs through both hydrogen and covalent bonding. The nanostructures serve to augment the surface chemical activity of the fibers and amplify the specific surface area, thereby facilitating enhanced mechanical interlocking between the fibers and the resin. Furthermore, the composites of CF prepared through this method demonstrate outstanding mechanical characteristics, rendering them appropriate for the construction of longer‐lasting and more resilient wind turbine blades.Highlights
ACN, SA, and CNT create a “hard‐soft‐hard” multi‐phase structure.
ACN/SA/CNT synergistically enhances composite interfacial bonding.
Inorganic–organic–inorganic materials on CF form novel interfacial phases.
Resultant structure improves composite interface properties.
Optimizing the crashworthy behaviors of hybrid composite structures through Taguchi approach
Authors: Awd Allah Mahmoud M. , Abd El Aal Mohamed I. , Abd El‐baky Marwa A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper calculates the crashworthiness capability of glass‐reinforced epoxy composites over wrapped polyvinyl chloride (PVC) circular tubes with a triggering mechanism in the form of cutouts. The intended tubes were prepared by a wet wrapping method; after which they were subjected to quasi‐static axial compression. To compute crashworthiness indications, three design parameters, each at three levels, were used. The design parameters are the hole diameter (d), the hole's number (n), and the hole position (L). The Taguchi technique has been employed in the design of experiments (DOE) tactic to obtain the best crashworthiness parameters. With the maximum specific energy absorbed (SEA) and crashing force efficiency (CFE), the optimal parameters were found. Furthermore, the main effect, signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N), as well as the analysis of variance (ANOVA), have been studied using the commercial software programme MINITAB 18. A few experiments were accompanied by the L9 orthogonal array. According to the results, “N” has the largest impact on the value of SEA with a contribution percent of 29.27%. While “d” has the main influence on the value of CFE with a contribution percent of 67.29%. Lastly, tests for confirmation were performed. to verify the predicted values in light of the experimental results. The optimized SEA developed tube is 74.72%, which is higher than the intact PVC tube and 12.29% lower than the intact hybrid tube. However, the optimum CFE was also 48 and 29.82% higher than the intact PVC tube and the intact hybrid tube, respectively.Highlights
The number of holes has the highest impact on SEA value by 29%.
The ideal specimen enhances SEA by 75% compared to the intact PVC tube.
Hole diameter has the most influence on CFE value by 67%.
The best specimen improves the CFE by 48% related to the intact PVC tube.
Hyperbranched boron nitride structure‐based epoxy composite: Simultaneous enhancement of mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and superior electrical insulation at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Zhao Yalin , Wu Zhixiong , Huang Rongjin , Li Laifeng , Ma Guangtong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEpoxy resins (EPs) are highly coveted as insulating materials for engineering applications. However, their limited mechanical properties and inadequate thermal conductivity at cryogenic temperatures significantly restrict their range of applications. Herein, a novel approach was introduced for crafting EP composites infused with boron nitride (BN) using hyperbranched polymer (HBP) grafting. The resulting HBP‐BN was uniformly dispersed within the EP and securely bonded to the matrix through robust chemical interactions, significantly improving the property enhancement efficiency of HBP‐BN on EP. Thus, the mechanical strength of EP/HBP‐BN composites was significantly enhanced, with maximum tensile and impact strengths achieved at 6 and 4 wt% HBP‐BN content. These values exceeded those of pure EP by 47% and 22% at room temperature (RT) and increased even more substantially to 72% and 135% at 77 K. Moreover, the composite demonstrated a remarkable 430% improvement in thermal conductivity, reaching 1.1627 W·m−1·K−1, when the HBP‐BN content reached 40 wt%. Simultaneously, EP/HBP‐BN composites exhibit low dielectric permittivity and high volume resistivity, signifying exceptional electrical insulation properties. HBP‐BN substantially enhances the cryogenic properties of EP composites, offering an efficient pathway for the utilization of EPs in engineering applications.Highlights
A novel method to enhance the cryogenic properties of EP was introduced.
HBP‐BN significantly improves the cryogenic properties in EP composites.
The composites are of significant interest for various engineering applications.
Three‐dimensional skeleton assembled by nickel foam/silicon carbide as filler in polyurethane composites with high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation
Authors: Zhu Jincheng , Ren Mengqing , Chen Ming , Wu Lili 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh thermally conductive polymer composites have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional performance, given the ever‐decreasing size of electronic devices and the rise in power densities. Herein, a new three‐dimensional (3D) thermal conductivity network structure has been successfully prepared using double fillers of nickel foam (NF) and modified silicon carbide particles (KSiC). The study compared the effect of different filler contents on the thermal conductivity of composites. Compared to conventional composites, those based on 3D filling networks have significantly improved thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of the NF/KSiC/PU composite containing 50 wt% KSiC was 1.18 Wm−1 K−1, exceeding the cumulative thermal conductivity of the NF/PU and KSiC/PU 50 wt% composites, and 637.5% greater than that of neat PU. Meanwhile, the synthesized NF/KSiC/PU composite maintained a high electrical resistivity above 1012 Ω·cm and good mechanical properties. This approach might offer novel solutions for developing high‐quality packaging materials for advanced electronic devices with exceptional thermal and mechanical properties.Highlights
Using SiC and NF Constructs a dual filler network.
The dual filler thermal conductivity network can generate synergistic effects.
Improving thermal conductivity compared to original polyurethane.
Maintaining a high electrical resistivity and good mechanical properties.
The roles of extraversion and neuroticism in the relationship between childhood adversity and adolescent substance misuse
Authors: Davies Jodie N. , Harty Seth C. , Boden Joseph M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough the influences of extraversion and neuroticism on the relationship between childhood adversity and substance misuse have been considered in adults, they are not yet clear and have not been examined among adolescent samples. This study sought to investigate the relationship between childhood adversity and adolescent substance misuse, alongside the influences of extraversion and neuroticism, using data from a longitudinal birth cohort study. Statistical analyses were performed on a longitudinal dataset provided by the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS). After controlling for confounds, childhood adversity was a significant predictor of substance use disorder symptoms in adolescence. Moderation analyses showed that experiences of childhood adversity were most strongly associated with adolescent substance use disorder symptoms at higher levels of extraversion and at higher levels of neuroticism. Among adolescents who have experienced childhood adversity, extraversion and neuroticism may be risk factors for substance use disorder. By encouraging professionals to target adolescent substance misuse intervention and prevention approaches towards those who have experienced childhood adversity and are high in extraversion and/or neuroticism, these findings may help to diminish the prevalence of adolescent substance misuse and improve the health of adolescents.
On‐demand dissolvable hydrogel dressings for promoting wound healing
Authors: Yan Yu , Zhang Xiaonong , Ren Kaixuan , Xiao Chunsheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rapid and painless dressing change is a global challenge in wound management due to the traditional ways of dressing change often cause secondary damage on newly formed skin tissue. Recently, researchers have shown great interest in the development of on‐demand dissolvable hydrogel dressings that can be rapidly and safely dissolved under specific stimuli. These hydrogel dressings possess multifunctional properties, including injectability, self‐healing capacity, anti‐inflammation, antioxidation, and angiogenesis capabilities, which have successfully promoted healing for various types of wounds. In this review, we summarize current methods for fabricating on‐demand dissolvable hydrogels dressings, which include two strategies: (1) chemical stimuli, involving the introduction of external dissolving agents; (2) physical stimuli, where stimuli are applied without the use of dissolving agents. These approaches can decrease the density of cross‐links, resulting in the dissolution of hydrogel dressings. The advantages and drawbacks of these on‐demand dissolvable hydrogels dressings for promoting wound healing are discussed and addressed. The development and challenges for the clinical application of on‐demand dissolvable hydrogel dressings are prospected.
Multispecies comparative prostate anatomy by imaging: Implications for experimental models of prostatic disease
Authors: Berg Felipe M. , Correia Eduardo T. O. , Abenojar Eric C. , Basilion James P. , Rosol Thomas J. , Baroni Ronaldo H. , Exner Agata A. , Bittencourt Leonardo K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is an increasing interest in using preclinical models for development and assessment of medical devices and imaging techniques for prostatic disease care. Still, a comprehensive assessment of the prostate's radiological anatomy in primary preclinical models such as dogs, rabbits, and mice utilizing human anatomy as a reference point remains necessary with no optimal model for each purpose being clearly defined in the literature. Therefore, this study compares the anatomical characteristics of different animal models to the human prostatic gland from the imaging perspective.MethodsWe imaged five Beagle laboratory dogs, five New Zealand White rabbits, and five mice, all sexually mature males, under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval. Ultrasonography (US) was performed using the Vevo® F2 for mice (57 MHz probe). Rabbits and dogs were imaged using the Siemens® Acuson S3000 (17 MHz probe) and endocavitary (8 MHz) probes, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also conducted with a 7T scanner in mice and 3T scanner in rabbits and dogs.ResultsCanine transrectal US emerged as the optimal method for US imaging, depicting a morphologically similar gland to humans but lacking echoic zonal differentiation. MRI findings in canines indicated a homogeneously structured gland similar to the human peripheral zone on T2‐weighted images (T2W) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). In rabbits, US imaging faced challenges due to the pubic symphysis, whereas MRI effectively visualized all structures with the prostate presenting a similar aspect to the human peripheral gland on T2W and ADC maps. Murine prostate assessment revealed poor visualization of the prostate glands in ultrasound due to its small size, while 7T MRI delineated the distinct prostates and its lobes, with the lateral and dorsal prostate resembling the peripheral zone and the anterior prostate the central zone of the human gland.ConclusionDogs stand out as superior models for advanced preclinical studies in prostatic disease research. However, mice present as a good model for early stage studies and rabbits are a cost‐effective alternative and serve as valuable tools in specific research domains when canine research is not feasible.