bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticity of dendritic cell function in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)
Authors: Lehner Manfred , Stilper Andrea , Morhart Patrick , Holter Wolfgang 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCurrent evidence suggests that maturing dendritic cells (DCs) acquire a migratory phenotype to induce T cell responses in lymph nodes or a proinflammatory phenotype to condition the microenvironment at peripheral sites. We show that the interplay of PGE2 and IFN-γ generates a more complex pattern of mixed DC phenotypes in response to TLR stimulation. DCs activated by the TLR ligand R-848 in the presence of IFN-γ and PGE2 produced high levels of IL-12p70 and IL-23, started migration toward CCL19 within only 10 h, and still continued to secrete IL-12p70 without further restimulation following the migration step. The accelerated onset of migration was a result of PGE2 and was associated with reduced plastic adherence and lower amounts of activated CD29. In contrast, IFN-γ by itself enhanced cell adhesion and strongly hindered CCR7-mediated migration in the absence of PGE2. This suggests a new role for IFN-γ in the direct regulation of DC migration through enhanced cell adhesion, perhaps to support the development of T cell effector functions at peripheral sites. Together, our data are relevant to the development of DC vaccines, as they demonstrate the existence of dual-functional DCs, which as a result of the simultaneous effects of PGE2 and IFN-γ, can migrate rapidly toward lymph node chemokines and carry with them a wave of primary cytokines.
Impact of Growth Hormone and Dehydroepiandrosterone on Protein Metabolism in Glucocorticoid-Treated Patients
Authors: Burt Morton G. , Johannsson Gudmundur , Umpleby A. Margot , Chisholm Donald J. , Ho Ken K. Y. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Context: Chronic pharmacological glucocorticoid (GC) use causes substantial morbidity from protein wasting. GH and androgens are anabolic agents that may potentially reverse GC-induced protein loss.
Objective: Our objective was to assess the effect of GH and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on protein metabolism in subjects on long-term GC therapy.
Design: This was an open, stepwise GH dose-finding study (study 1), followed by a randomized cross-over intervention study (study 2).
Setting: The studies were performed at a clinical research facility.
Patients and Intervention: In study 1, six subjects (age 69 ± 4 yr) treated with long-term (&gt;6 months) GCs (prednisone dose 8.3 ± 0.8 mg/d) were studied before and after two sequential GH doses (0.8 and 1.6 mg/d) for 2 wk each. In study 2, 10 women (age 71 ± 3 yr) treated with long-term GCs (prednisone dose 5.4 ± 0.5 mg/d) were studied at baseline and after 2-wk treatment with GH 0.8 mg/d, DHEA 50 mg/d, or GH and DHEA (combination treatment).
Main Outcome Measure: Changes in whole body protein metabolism were assessed using a 3-h primed constant infusion of 1-[13C]leucine, from which rates of leucine appearance, leucine oxidation, and leucine incorporation into protein were estimated.
Results: In study 1, GH 0.8 and 1.6 mg/d significantly reduced leucine oxidation by 19% (P = 0.03) and 31% (P = 0.02), and increased leucine incorporation into protein by 10% (P = 0.13) and 19% (P = 0.04), respectively. The lower GH dose did not cause hyperglycemia, whereas GH 1.6 mg/d resulted in fasting hyperglycemia in two of six subjects. In study 2, DHEA did not significantly change leucine metabolism alone or when combined with GH. Blood glucose was not affected by DHEA.
Conclusion: GH, at a modest supraphysiological dose of 0.8 mg/d, induces protein anabolism in chronic GC users without causing diabetes. DHEA 50 mg/d does not enhance the effect of GH. GH may safely prevent or reverse protein loss induced by chronic GC therapy.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Chromotropic Properties of Mixed-Ligand Nickel(II) Complexes with 1,3-Diketonate and P–N Bidentate Ligands
Authors: Arakawa Machiko , Suzuki Noriyuki , Kishi Shinobu , Hasegawa Miki , Satoh Keiichi , Horn Ernst , Fukuda Yutaka 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Mixed-ligand nickel(II) complexes Ni(acac)(dmap)X, [Ni(acac)(dmap)]BPh4 (1), [Ni(acac)(dmap)]BF4 (2), and [Ni(acac)(dmap)NO3] (3) (where acac = acetylacetonate and dmap = 1-dimethylamino-2-diphenylphosphinoethane) have been obtained for the first time and their X-ray single-crystal structures have also been determined. This series of complexes show different structures, hence colors, in the solid state depending on the coordination strength of the anion X−: the complexes with tetraphenylborate and tetrafluoroborate having no coordination ability are square-planar and orange, while on the contrary, the coordinating nitrate ligand produces an octahedral and pale blue complex. In solution, two types of solvatochromism due to solute–solvent interaction and solute–solute–solvent interaction have been observed and these spectral behaviors are attributed to the changes in their geometries due to the donor/acceptor properties of the solvents. The thermochromic behavior of complex 1 has also been studied with temperature variation UV–vis spectra in various solvents. The behavior of these solvato- and thermo-chromisms of these complexes is due to the intermediate ligand field strength created by the dmap and the acac ligands.
Book Reviews
Authors: Colton Lisa , Schopf Jane , Symonds Dominic , Pritchard Arthur , Macpherson Ben , Mehler Charles Eliot , Havelkov Tereza 
Published: January 2008

Synopsis of Vocal Musick by A.B. Philo-Mus, Music Theory in Britain, 15001700: Critical Editions, edited and with an introduction by Rebecca Herissone, (2006)Aldershot: Ashgate, 223 pp., ISBN-13 978-0-7546-3505-5, ISBN-10 0-7546-3505-8 (hbk), 55.00.Mallarm and Wagner: Music and Poetic Language, Heath Lees, (2007)Aldershot: Ashgate, 286 pp., ISBN-13 978-0-754-65809-2, ISBN-10 075-4-65809-0, (hbk), 55.00Lady in the Dark: Biography of a Musical, bruce d. mcclung, (2007)Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, xxi 274 pp., ISBN-13 978-0-19-512012-7 (hbk), 19.99The American Musical and the Formation of National Identity, Raymond Knapp, (2005)Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 362 pp., ISBN-10 0-691-11864-7 (hbk), ISBN-13 978-0-691-12613-5 (pbk), 12.95The American Musical and the Performance of Personal Identity, Raymond Knapp, (2006)Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 470 pp., ISBN-13 978-0-691-12524-4, ISBN-10 0-691-12524-4 (hbk), 23.95The Musical World of Boublil and Schnberg,Margaret Vermette,(2006)New York: Applause Theatre and Cinema Books, xiv 345 pp., ISBN 978-1-55783-715-8 (pbk), US$19.95The Megamusical, Profiles in Popular Music, Jessica Sternfeld, (2006)Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 441pp., ISBN-13 978-0-253-34793-0, ISBN-10 0-253-34793-9 (hbk), 17.99The Music of Mauricio Kagel, Bjrn Heile, (2006)Aldershot: Ashgate, 209 pp., ISBN-13 978-0-7546-3523-9, ISBN-10 0-7546-3523-6 (hbk), 50.00
Posttranscriptional gene regulation by RNA-binding proteins during oxidative stress: implications for cellular senescence
Authors: Abdelmohsen Kotb , Kuwano Yuki , Kim Hyeon Ho , Gorospe Myriam 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTo respond adequately to oxidative stress, mammalian cells elicit rapid and tightly controlled changes in gene expression patterns. Besides alterations in the subsets of transcribed genes, two posttranscriptional processes prominently influence the oxidant-triggered gene expression programs: mRNA turnover and translation. Here, we review recent progress in our knowledge of theturnover andtranslationregulatory (TTR) mRNA-bindingproteins (RBPs) that influence gene expression in response to oxidative damage. Specifically, we identify oxidant damage-regulated mRNAs that are targets of TTR-RBPs, we review the oxidant-triggered signaling pathways that govern TTR-RBP function, and we examine emerging evidence that TTR-RBP activity is altered with senescence and aging. Given the potent influence of TTR-RBPs upon oxidant-regulated gene expression profiles, we propose that the senescence-associated changes in TTR-RBPs directly contribute to the impaired responses to oxidant damage that characterize cellular senescence and advancing age.
Studies on the expression of 6S RNA from E. coli: involvement of regulators important for stress and growth adaptation
Authors: Neußer Thomas , Gildehaus Nina , Wurm Reinhild , Wagner Rolf 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The small bacterial 6S RNA has been recognized as a transcriptional regulator, facilitating the transition from exponential to stationary growth phase by preferentially inhibiting Eσ70 RNA polymerase holoenzyme transcription. Consistent with this function, the cellular concentration of 6S RNA increases with stationary phase. We have studied the underlying mechanisms responsible for the growth phase-dependent differences in 6S RNA concentration. To this aim, we have analyzed the effects of the typical bacterial growth phase and stress regulators FIS, H-NS, LRP and StpA on 6S RNA expression. Measurements of 6S RNA accumulation in strains deficient in each one of these proteins support their contribution as potential regulators. Specific binding of the four proteins to DNA fragments containing 6S RNA promoters was demonstrated by gel retardation and DNase I footprinting. Moreover, in vitro transcription analysis with both RNA polymerase holoenzymes, Eσ70 and Eσ38, demonstrated a direct inhibition of 6S RNA transcription by H-NS, StpA and LRP, while FIS seems to act as a dual regulator. In vitro transcription in the presence of ppGpp indicates that 6S RNA promoters are not stringently regulated. Our results underline that regulation of 6S RNA transcription depends on a complex network, involving a set of bacterial regulators with general importance in the adaptation to changing growth conditions.
New biological activity against phospholipase A2 by Turmerin, a protein from Curcuma longa L.
Authors: Chethankumar Mukunda , Srinivas Leela 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Turmerin is a protein from Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) with a relative molecular mass of 14 kDa. The protein inhibits the enzymatic activity and neutralises the pharmacological properties, such as cytotoxicity, oedema and myotoxicity of multitoxic phospholipase A2 (NV-PLA2) of cobra (Naja naja) venom at a 1:2.5 molar ratio of NV-PLA2:Turmerin. A Lineweaver-Burk plot indicates that Turmerin follows a linear mixed type of inhibition.
Kinetic properties of cathepsin D and BACE 1 indicate the need to search for additional β-secretase candidate(s)
Authors: Schechter Israel , Ziv Etty 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Many studies suggest that BACE 1 is the genuine β-secretase; however, this is not undisputed. The wild-type (WT) β-site of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) present in the worldwide population is cleaved very slowly (k
cat/K
m: approx. 50 m
-1 s-1), while proteases acting on relevant substrates are much more efficient (k
cat/K
m: 104–106 m
-1 s-1). Knock-out of BACE 1 in mouse markedly reduces Aβ formation. Nevertheless, studies in other systems show that knock-out experiments in rodents and corresponding genetic defects in human may reveal different phenotypes. Considering these issues, we searched for other β-secretase candidate(s), identified cathepsin D, and evaluated properties of cathepsin D related to BACE 1 that were not examined previously. The kinetic constants (k
cat, K
m, k
cat/K
m) for cleaving peptides with β-sites of the WT or the mutated Swedish families (SW) APP by human BACE 1 and cathepsin D were determined and found to be similar. Western blots reveal that in human brain cathepsin D is approximately 280-fold more abundant than BACE 1. Furthermore, pepstatin A strongly inhibits the cleavage of SW and WT peptides by both brain extracts and cathepsin D, but not by BACE 1. These findings indicate that β-secretase activity observed in brain extracts is mainly due to cathepsin D. Nevertheless, as both BACE 1 and cathepsin D show poor activity towards the WT β-site sequence, it is necessary to continue the search for additional β-secretase candidate(s).
Regulation of the expression of components of the exocytotic machinery of insulin-secreting cells by microRNAs
Authors: Lovis Pascal , Gattesco Sonia , Regazzi Romano 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Fine-tuning of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells participates in blood glucose homeostasis. Defects in this process can lead to chronic hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. Several proteins controlling insulin exocytosis have been identified, but the mechanisms regulating their expression remain poorly understood. Here, we show that two non-coding microRNAs, miR124a and miR96, modulate the expression of proteins involved in insulin exocytosis and affect secretion of the β-cell line MIN6B1. miR124a increases the levels of SNAP25, Rab3A and synapsin-1A and decreases those of Rab27A and Noc2. Inhibition of Rab27A expression is mediated by direct binding to the 3′-untranslated region of Rab27A mRNA. The effect on the other genes is indirect and linked to changes in mRNA levels. Over-expression of miR124a leads to exaggerated hormone release under basal conditions and a reduction in glucose-induced secretion. miR96 increases mRNA and protein levels of granuphilin, a negative modulator of insulin exocytosis, and decreases the expression of Noc2, resulting in lower capacity of MIN6B1 cells to respond to secretagogues. Our data identify miR124a and miR96 as novel regulators of the expression of proteins playing a critical role in insulin exocytosis and in the release of other hormones and neurotransmitters.
Modulation of longevity-associated genes by estrogens or phytoestrogens
Authors: Viña Jose , Sastre Juan , Pallardó Federico V. , Gambini Juan , Borrás Consuelo 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Females live longer than males. We have shown that the higher levels of estrogens in females protect them against aging, by up-regulating the expression of antioxidant, longevity-related genes, such as that of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). Both estradiol and genistein (the most abundant phytoestrogen in soybeans) share chemical properties which confer antioxidant features to these compounds. However, the low concentration of estrogens and phytoestrogens make it unlikely that they exhibit significant antioxidant capacity in the organism. Physiological concentrations of estrogens and nutritionally relevant concentrations of genistein activate the MAP kinase pathway. These, in turn, activate the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Activation of NF-κB by estrogens subsequently activates the expression of Mn-SOD and GPx, but genistein is only capable of activating Mn-SOD expression. This could be due to the fact that genistein binds preferably to estrogen receptor β. The antioxidant protection is reflected in the lower peroxide levels found in cells treated with estrogens or phytoestrogens when compared with controls. The challenge for the future is to find molecules that have the beneficial effects of estradiol, but without its feminizing effects. Phytoestrogens or phytoestrogen-related molecules may be good candidates to meet this challenge.
Klotho as a regulator of oxidative stress and senescence
Authors: Kuro-o Makoto 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The klotho gene functions as an aging-suppressor gene that extends life span when overexpressed and accelerates aging-like phenotypes when disrupted in mice. The klotho gene encodes a single-pass transmembrane protein that binds to multiple fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors and functions as a co-receptor for FGF23, a bone-derived hormone that suppresses phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D biosynthesis in the kidney. In addition, the extracellular domain of Klotho protein is shed and secreted, potentially functioning as a humoral factor. The secreted Klotho protein can regulate multiple growth factor signaling pathways, including insulin/IGF-1 and Wnt, and the activity of multiple ion channels. Klotho protein also protects cells and tissues from oxidative stress, yet the precise mechanism underlying these activities remains to be determined. Thus, understanding of Klotho protein function is expected to provide new insights into the molecular basis for aging, phosphate/vitamin D metabolism, cancer and stem cell biology.
Taking on the Role of Doctor: A Dramaturgical Analysis of Professionalization*
Authors: Haas Jack , Shaffir William 
Published: January 2008

This paper applies dramaturgical analysis to the study of professional socialization in an innovative medical school. Using concepts from the theater, professionalization is seen as critically involving performances before legitimating audiences. The data were collected by means of participant observation and interviews of a cohort of students as they proceeded through the professionalizing career.Good acting demands that you are convincing in your part. The audience must be willing to take part in a ritual, in which you represent, say, Hamlet. You must be able to sustain this representation convincingly: that is to say, you must consistently satisfy the audience's imagination and never outrage its acceptance of the fact that yours is a convincing, or consistently credible, Hamlet,…or whatever character you are impersonating (Guthrie, 1971:11).
A Self‐Image Inventory: Its Theoretical Background, Reliability and Validity*
Authors: Kinch John , Falk R. Frank , Anderson Donna 
Published: January 2008

Wylie (1974) points out that there is a lack of adequate theoretical development in the investigation of the self‐concept. The result is a proliferation of operational definitions with no clear understanding of the relationship between operations, between constructs, and between the constructs and their operationalizations.In this article we make explicit the theoretical component of self to which this Self‐image Inventory relates. The article presents the inventory and twenty years of research experience with it. The inventory is found to be both reliable and valid for measuring the self‐image as a role specific component of self.
Social Behaviorism on Emotions: Mead and Modern Behaviorism Compared*
Authors: Baldwin John D. 
Published: January 2008

This paper presents George Herbert Mead's work on emotions from the perspective of social behaviorism and compares it with the modem behavioral analysis of emotions. The two positions are strikingly similar. The main difference between modern behaviorism and Mead's social behaviorism is that contemporary behaviorists have access to a larger empirical data base and more refined theoretical models than Mead had. The modern behavioral analysis of emotions confirms most of Mead's basic observations and expands upon them.Empirically oriented symbolic interactionists who identify with Mead's social behaviorism can benefit by drawing upon the extensive behavioral research and theories developed in the decades since Mead worked. In fact, there is an enormous potential for developing productive research and theory at the interface between Mead's social behaviorism and modem behaviorism in the study of emotions and most other social psychological topics.
FROM PRINTS TO POSTERS: THE PRODUCTION OF ARTISTIC VALUE IN A POPULAR ART WORLD
Authors: Gibbon Heather M. Fitz 
Published: January 2008

The activity of a gallery in an art world is centered not only on the distribution of works, but also on the development of a clientele. This involves convincing potential customers that works have both artistic and economic value. The traditional path of valuation of works is through the gatekeepers of the high art world. There are, however, art worlds whose works have not passed through these high art gatekeepers, but which are nevertheless successful in maintaining a clientele. This article examines the process by which this popular art world establishes a positive value for its art when it has no access to the legitimating institutions of the high art world.Data were gathered primarily through interviews with gallery directors, employees, and artists, both from the popular and high‐art worlds. The sample includes 18 popular galleries and 10 high art galleries in the Chicago area. “Popular galleries” are defined as those galleries located in the shopping districts of cities or in suburban shopping malls. Many are part of larger chains, and all carry prints by well‐known artists, works of lesser known artists, and some posters.
“BUT YOU DON'T LIVE HERE, MAN”: NEGOTIATING SOCIAL REALITY AT THE ROSEBUSH HOTEL
Authors: Wallace Jennifer J. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTRules of social order are negotiated: actors' theories of negotiations in any particular setting affect what gets negotiated and how. This research looks at the negotiation process between two groups who had asymmetrical desires for the negotiations: one focusing on process, one on outcomes. Factors such as the balance of power, structural constraints, negotiation contexts and intergroup relationships help explain what gets negotiated and what gets changed. Actors' theories as a measure of reality become important in analyzing the “success” and importance of the negotiating process. Actors' theories affect not only what gets negotiated but the scope, durability, and volatility of negotiation.
Rapid Pressure Support for Champion SE Reservoirs by Multilayer Fractured Water Injection
Authors: Sommerauer Gerald , Zerbst Christoph 
Published: January 2008

Summary
The Champion field is a large oil field offshore Negara Brunei Darussalam. This paper discusses the (for us) novel application of water injection-induced multilayer fractured injection into three shallow reservoirs in the Champion Southeast (CPSE) field. Fractured water injection means that the bottomhole injection pressure is allowed to exceed the formation's fracture pressure. Thereby an unpropped fracture is created, which propagates depending on the injection water's leakoff rate into the formation. The project is part of a larger secondary recovery implementation scheme and future efforts to increase economic oil production and ultimate recovery in the whole Champion field.
The main boundary condition for the rapid water injection project is the use of existing infrastructure with the exception of three new water pipelines and nine new wells. This paper describes the following:
Reservoir setting and production history. Water injection philosophy. Design considerations for fractured water injection including: Pressure requirement to design for fractured water injection. Simulation of fracture growth and containment and resulting conclusions.
Design considerations for the multilayer fractured water injector wells including: Selected drilling aspects (well trajectory, drill-in fluid, formation evaluation, casing scheme). Completion design considerations (cleanout, perforating, sand control, selectivity, "smartness", other). Material selection.
One of the main conclusions is that fracture growth and containment is not a major issue in soft, high-permeable formations. The main challenge is in drilling the—in some cases—demanding well trajectories and running the "smart" completions in these wells with small tolerances.