bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle Factors and Incident Mobility Limitation in Obese and Non‐obese Older Adults
Authors: Koster Annemarie , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Newman Anne B. , Visser Marjolein , van Gool Coen H. , Harris Tamara B. , van Eijk Jacques Th. M. , Kempen Gertrudis I. J. M. , Brach Jennifer S. , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Houston Denise K. , Tylavsky Frances A. , Rubin Susan M. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: This study examines the association between incident mobility limitation and 4 lifestyle factors: smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and diet in well‐functioning obese (n = 667) and non‐obese (n = 2027) older adults.Research Methods and Procedures: Data were from men and women, 70 to 79 years of age from Pittsburgh, PA and Memphis, TN, participating in the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. In addition to individual lifestyle practices, a high‐risk lifestyle score (0 to 4) was calculated indicating the total number of unhealthy lifestyle practices per person. Mobility limitation was defined as reported difficulty walking 1/4 mile or climbing 10 steps during two consecutive semiannual assessments over 6.5 years.Results: In non‐obese older persons, significant risk factors for incident mobility limitation after adjustment for socio‐demographics and health‐related variables were current and former smoking [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.20 to 1.89; HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.74), former alcohol intake (HR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.60), low and medium physical activity (HR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.45 to 2.18; HR = 1.29, 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.54), and eating an unhealthy diet (HR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.10). In the obese, only low physical activity was associated with a significantly increased risk of mobility limitation (HR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.92). Having two or more unhealthy lifestyle factors was a strong predictor of mobility limitation in the non‐obese only (HR = 1.98; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.43). Overall, obese persons had a significantly higher risk of mobility limitation compared with non‐obese persons, independent of lifestyle factors (HR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.52 to 1.96).Conclusions: These results underscore the importance of a healthy lifestyle for maintaining function among non‐obese older adults. However, a healthy lifestyle cannot overcome the effect of obesity in obese older adults; this stresses the importance of preventing obesity to protect against mobility loss in older persons.
Association of Maternal Lifestyles Including Smoking During Pregnancy with Childhood Obesity
Authors: Mizutani Takashi , Suzuki Kohta , Kondo Naoki , Yamagata Zentaro 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the extent to which maternal smoking during early pregnancy and other prepregnancy lifestyle habits are associated with obesity and overweight in 5‐year‐old Japanese children.Research Method and Procedures: We studied 1417 mother‐child pairs enrolled in Project Enzan—a prospective cohort study. The dependent variables, childhood overweight and obesity, were defined with an international cut‐off value. Maternal smoking during early pregnancy and other prepregnancy lifestyle habits were used as independent variables.Results: Maternal smoking habits were associated with overweight in the 5‐year‐old children [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.15; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12 to 4.11]. Maternal sleep duration of ≥8 h/d negatively affected childhood overweight (adjusted OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.49 to 1.04). Children whose mothers skipped breakfast were likely to become overweight (adjusted OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.14 to 2.77). The results of childhood obesity analysis were similar to those of childhood overweight analysis.Discussion: The results of this study suggest that there are effects of smoking during early pregnancy and other maternal lifestyle habits on the onset of childhood obesity in Japan. Therefore, interventions in maternal lifestyle habits are required to prevent childhood obesity, and these interventions should be initiated before pregnancy.
The Extended Relationship between Child Cardiovascular Risks and Academic Performance Measures
Authors: Cottrell Lesley A. , Northrup Karen , Wittberg Richard 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the relationship between children's overweight status and other cardiovascular risk fitness factors and academic performance among fifth‐grade students.Research Methods and Procedures: Using a sample of 968 fifth‐grade students (50.7% boys; mean age = 10.6 years), children's cardiovascular risks (BMI, blood pressure, acanthosis nigricans) and fitness measures were compared with their mean group performance scores across four subscales (mathematics, reading/language arts, science, and social studies) of a statewide standardized academic performance test.Results: Of this sample, 39% were either at risk for being overweight or were already overweight; slightly over one half were of normal weight. Initial findings revealed a significant relationship between children's weight category and their reading/language arts, mathematics, and science test scores even after controlling for a proxy of socioeconomic status. When additional cardiovascular risk and fitness measures were included in the model, however, children's BMI status had no association. Instead, a composite fitness index, children's blood pressure, sex, and proxy of socioeconomic status were significantly associated with children's academic test scores.Discussion: This study expanded our understanding of the connection between children's overweight risks and academic performance by examining the impact of other cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure and measures of fitness. These findings support the development and implementation of childhood cardiovascular risk surveillance programs that evaluate not only children's overweight risks but also their fitness, risk for type 2 diabetes, and/or high blood pressure by showing a relationship between some of these risks and children's academic test performance.
Three initial OSPAR tests of ecological coherence: heuristics in a data-limited situation
Authors: Ardron Jeff A. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Ardron, J. A. 2008. Three initial OSPAR tests of ecological coherence: heuristics in a data-limited situation. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1527–1533. As marine protected area (MPA) networks become established worldwide, it will be necessary to track the progress made in meeting the networks’ underlying ecological goals. The 12 coastal European nations of the OSPAR Convention have agreed to establish an “ecologically coherent” network of MPAs within the waters of the Northeast Atlantic by 2010. However, the meaning of ecological coherence has not been explicitly defined, and it has not been explained how it can be assessed. OSPAR’s work on this topic over the past 4 years is summarized here. As the 2010 deadline approaches, the urgency to assess ecological coherence increases. Proper scientific assessment is hampered by the current lack of detailed ecological data, and policy-makers are concerned that collecting data for indicators will tax already limited resources. Unconventional approaches that can make do with what little information is available are being developed, and three initial spatial tests are presented here. A personal perspective of lessons learnt is provided.
Detection of Adriamycin–DNA adducts by accelerator mass spectrometry at clinically relevant Adriamycin concentrations
Authors: Coldwell Kate E. , Cutts Suzanne M. , Ognibene Ted J. , Henderson Paul T. , Phillips Don R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLimited sensitivity of existing assays has prevented investigation of whether Adriamycin–DNA adducts are involved in the anti-tumour potential of Adriamycin. Previous detection has achieved a sensitivity of a few Adriamycin–DNA adducts/104 bp DNA, but has required the use of supra-clinical drug concentrations. This work sought to measure Adriamycin–DNA adducts at sub-micromolar doses using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), a technique with origins in geochemistry for radiocarbon dating. We have used conditions previously validated (by less sensitive decay counting) to extract [14C]Adriamycin–DNA adducts from cells and adapted the methodology to AMS detection. Here we show the first direct evidence of Adriamycin–DNA adducts at clinically-relevant Adriamycin concentrations. [14C]Adriamycin treatment (25 nM) resulted in 4.4 ± 1.0 adducts/107 bp (∼1300 adducts/cell) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, representing the best sensitivity and precision reported to date for the covalent binding of Adriamycin to DNA. The exceedingly sensitive nature of AMS has enabled over three orders of magnitude increased sensitivity of Adriamycin–DNA adduct detection and revealed adduct formation within an hour of drug treatment. This method has been shown to be highly reproducible for the measurement of Adriamycin–DNA adducts in tumour cells in culture and can now be applied to the detection of these adducts in human tissues.
A Novel ARID DNA-Binding Protein Interacts with SymRK and Is Expressed during Early Nodule Development in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Zhu Hui , Chen Tao , Zhu Maosheng , Fang Qing , Kang Heng , Hong Zonglie , Zhang Zhongming 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
During the establishment of symbiosis in legume roots, the rhizobial Nod factor signal is perceived by the host cells via receptor-like kinases, including SymRK. The NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) gene in Lotus japonicus is required for rhizobial entry into root cells and for nodule organogenesis. We describe here a novel DNA-binding protein from L. japonicus, referred to as SIP1, because it was identified as a SymRK-interacting protein. SIP1 contains a conserved AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) and represents a unique member of the ARID-containing proteins in plants. The C terminus of SIP1 was found to be responsible for its interaction with the kinase domain of SymRK and for homodimerization in the absence of DNA. SIP1 specifically binds to the promoter of LjNIN but not to that of LjCBP1 (a calcium-binding protein gene), both of which are known to be inducible by Nod factors. SIP1 recognizes two of the three AT-rich domains present in the NIN gene promoter. Deletion of one of the AT-rich domains at the NIN promoter diminishes the binding of SIP1 to the NIN promoter. The protein is localized to the nuclei when expressed as a red fluorescence fusion protein in the onion (Allium cepa) epidermal cells. The SIP1 gene is expressed constitutively in the uninfected roots, and its expression levels are elevated after infection by Mesorhizobium loti. It is proposed that SIP1 may be required for the expression of NIN and involved in the initial communications between the rhizobia and the host root cells.
Expression of Umbelopsis ramanniana DGAT2A in Seed Increases Oil in Soybean
Authors: Lardizabal Kathryn , Effertz Roger , Levering Charlene , Mai Jennifer , Pedroso M.C. , Jury Tom , Aasen Eric , Gruys Ken , Bennett Kristen 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Oilseeds are the main source of lipids used in both food and biofuels. The growing demand for vegetable oil has focused research toward increasing the amount of this valuable component in oilseed crops. Globally, soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important oilseed crops grown, contributing about 30% of the vegetable oil used for food, feed, and industrial applications. Breeding efforts in soy have shown that multiple loci contribute to the final content of oil and protein stored in seeds. Genetically, the levels of these two storage products appear to be inversely correlated with an increase in oil coming at the expense of protein and vice versa. One way to overcome the linkage between oil and protein is to introduce a transgene that can specifically modulate one pathway without disrupting the other. We describe the first, to our knowledge, transgenic soy crop with increased oil that shows no major impact on protein content or yield. This was achieved by expressing a codon-optimized version of a diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2A from the soil fungus Umbelopsis (formerly Mortierella) ramanniana in soybean seed during development, resulting in an absolute increase in oil of 1.5% (by weight) in the mature seed.
Browsing impact of large herbivores on Acacia xanthophloea Benth in Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya
Authors: Dharani N. , Kinyamario J. I. , Wagacha Peter W. , Rodrigues Anthony J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSignificant differences (P<0.05) were found in growth of plant height, canopy cover and stem diameter of Acacia xanthophloea trees in fenced plot as compared with unfenced plot both in the wet and in the dry seasons. Finding of this study showed that although heavy browsing reduced the height and canopy of trees, it did not kill any trees and seedling regeneration took place simultaneously. Despite the presence of large herbivores that impact some considerable browsing pressure results indicate that the A. xanthophloea habitat type would continue to remain in balance in the presence of recruitment of seedlings and saplings. The conditions at the time of study indicate that the browsing on A. xanthophloea was not significant and was not serious enough to warrant management intervention at present.
Systematic review of the literature for the use of oesophageal Doppler monitor for fluid replacement in major abdominal surgery
Authors: Abbas S. M. , Hill A. G. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe use of intra‐operative Doppler oesophageal probes provides continuous monitoring of cardiac output. This enables optimisation of intravascular volume and tissue perfusion in major abdominal surgery, which is thought to reduce postoperative complications and shorten hospital stay. Medline and EMBASE were searched using the standard methodology of the Cochrane collaboration for trials that compared oesophageal Doppler monitoring with conventional clinical parameters for fluid replacement in patients undergoing major elective abdominal surgery. Data from randomised controlled trials were entered and analysed in Meta‐view in Rev‐Man 4.2 (Nordic, Denmark). We included five studies that recruited 420 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery who were randomly allocated to receive either intravenous fluid treatment guided by monitoring ventricular filling using oesophageal Doppler monitor or fluid administration according to conventional parameters. Pooled analysis showed a reduced hospital stay in the intervention group. Overall, there were fewer complications and ICU admissions, and less requirement for inotropes in the intervention group. Return of normal gastro‐intestinal function was also significantly faster in the intervention group. Oesophageal Doppler use for monitoring and optimisation of flow‐related haemodynamic variables improves short‐term outcome in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.
Phaeochromocytoma crisis – a rare indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Chao A. , Yeh Y. C. , Yen T. S. , Chen Y. S. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryWe report on a case of phaeochromocytoma whose initial presentation mimicked an acute myocardial infarction. Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used for the management of refractory cardiogenic shock and massive lung oedema. Suspicion and diagnosis of a phaeochromocytoma were made due to its unique clinical presentation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Stabilisation of the crisis and recovery of cardiopulmonary function were achieved using the support of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. This case highlights the difficulty in the differential diagnosis of cardiogenic shock secondary to phaeochromocytoma and the important role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can have in the successful resuscitation and management of these patients.
Airtraq vs standard laryngoscopy by student paramedics and experienced prehospital laryngoscopists managing a model of difficult intubation*
Authors: Woollard M. , Lighton D. , Mannion W. , Watt J. , McCrea C. , Johns I. , Hamilton L. , O'Meara P. , Cotton C. , Smyth M. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryTwo consecutive, randomised, cross‐over trials compared intubation success rates in third‐year paramedic students and experienced prehospital practitioners using the Airtraq or a Macintosh laryngoscope with flexible stylet in a manikin model of a Cormack and Lehane grade III/IV laryngoscopic view. First‐time intubation rates for the Macintosh and Airtraq for students were 0/23 (0%) vs 10/23 (44%) (44% difference, 95% CI 26–63%, p < 0.001) and for experienced laryngoscopists were 14/56 (25%) vs 47/56 (84%) (59% difference, 95% CI 42–72%, p < 0.0001), respectively. First‐time oesophageal intubation rates for students were 15/23 (65%) vs 3/23 (13%) (− 52% difference, 95% CI − 25 to − 72%, p < 0.001) and for experienced practitioners 9/56 (16%) vs 0/56 (0%) (− 16% difference, 95% CI − 9 to − 28%, p = 0.0014). Student paramedics and experienced prehospital laryngoscopists managing a manikin model of a grade III/IV view had increased first‐time intubation rates and had lower rates of oesophageal intubation with the Airtraq compared with a standard laryngoscope.
The effect of flow on the filtration performance of paediatric breathing system filters
Authors: Wilkes A. R. , Malan C. A. , Hall J. E. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe effect of flow on the filtration performance of six different types of filter intended for use in paediatric anaesthesia was measured by challenging the filters with sodium chloride particles at five different flows: 6, 10, 15, 20 and 30 l.min−1. Twenty‐five unused samples of each filter type were evaluated. The pressure drop across each filter was measured at the same flows as those used to measure penetration. The pressure drop varied both between and within the types of filter. Mean pressure drop varied between 89 and 262 Pa at a flow of 15 l.min−1 for the six different filters. Penetration of sodium chloride particles varied from 1.9 to 18% at 15 l.min−1 for the six filters. Allowing for the variation in pressure drop, the penetration of particles increased fairly linearly as flow increased for all six filter types. The increase in penetration per unit increase in flow varied from 0.11 to 0.82% per litre per minute. Over the range of flows studied, the increase in penetration with flow is fairly predictable.
The effect of volatile anaesthetic agents on the filtration performance of paediatric breathing system filters*
Authors: Froom S. R. , Cann C. , Wilkes A. R. , Gildersleve C. , Hall J. E. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the filtration performance of five commonly used paediatric breathing system filters following exposure to desflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane. It has been suggested that oil may degrade the performance of filter material. Volatile anaesthetic vapours are organic and hence may affect the filtration performance of breathing system filters during anaesthesia. This has not been tested for various concentrations of volatile agent, type and duration of exposure. The filtration performance of the filters was measured following exposure to desflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane at 1 and 2 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for 1 and 4 h. Penetration of particles through the Clear‐Therm Micro, Clear‐Therm Mini and Humid‐Vent Filter Pedi increased by between 2.4 and 2.8 times after exposure to desflurane at 2 MAC for 4 h compared to that through unexposed filters (p < 0.0001 for all three filters). Further investigation is required to determine whether this reduction in filtration performance by desflurane is clinically significant.
Randomised crossover comparison of the Ambu® AuraOnceTM Laryngeal Mask with the LMA ClassicTM laryngeal mask airway in paralysed anaesthetised patients*
Authors: Shariffuddin I. I. , Wang C. Y. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryWe compared the performance of the Ambu® AuraOnceTM Laryngeal Mask with that of the LMA ClassicTM laryngeal mask airway during controlled anaesthesia. Forty patients requiring intermittent positive pressure ventilation were studied using a randomised crossover design. The mean (SD) oropharyngeal leak pressure for the Ambu device (19 (7.5) cmH2O) was significantly greater than for the LMA Classic (15 (5.2) cmH2O; p = 0.004), and the number of attempts for successful insertions was significantly less (39 (50%) vs 45 (56%), respectively; p = 0.02). There was one failure to obtain a patent airway with the Ambu Laryngeal Mask and none with the LMA Classic. Insertion of the Ambu Laryngeal Mask required more manipulations to achieve a patent airway than did the LMA Classic (6 (15%) vs 1 (2.5%), respectively; p = 0.045), but the time taken for insertion was similar between the two groups. The incidence of trauma, grade of fibreoptic view, peak airway pressure and quality of ventilation during maintenance of anaesthesia were similar in both groups.
Accidental dural puncture and post dural puncture headache in obstetric anaesthesia: presentation and management: A 23‐year survey in a district general hospital
Authors: Sprigge J. S. , Harper S. J. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryPost dural puncture headache can be a debilitating complication of epidural and subarachnoid anaesthesia for a new mother. In a survey of 18 337 epidurals and 5021 subarachnoid blocks performed for obstetric procedures over a 23‐year period in a district general hospital maternity unit, there were 167 recognised accidental dural punctures after epidurals (0.91%), with 147 patients (88%) developing post dural puncture headache. In addition there were 52 post dural puncture headaches after subarachnoid blocks (1.04%). Successful management of accidental dural puncture and post dural puncture headache requires adherence to clear policies and protocols, with close follow‐up of patients by an experienced obstetric anaesthetist.
Assessment of manoeuvres required for successful blind tracheal intubation through the PAXpress™
Authors: Ahmed S. M. , Khan R. M. , Maroof M. , Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryA PAXpress™ (Vital Signs Inc., Barnham, UK) airway device was placed in 50 adult ASA grade I and II patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. The alignment of the PAXpress to the larynx was scored fibreoptically. The patients were then intubated blindly through the PAXpress and the adjusting manoeuvres required for successful intubation and complications of intubation observed. Insertion of the PAXpress was successful in all patients, and intubation was successful in 42 (84%) patients. Eleven patients were intubated in the neutral position, seven with a flexion manoeuvre and 24 with an extension manoeuvre. Intubation was successful in 17/20, 18/20, 6/8 and 1/2 of patients with a fibreoptic alignment score of 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. When the fibreoptic alignment score was between 2 and 4 intubation was achieved predominantly with the extension manoeuvre (20/30, 66%) rather than the flexion manoeuvre (1/30, 3%) or the neutral position (5/30, 16%). Blood staining was observed in 20 patients. We conclude that blind tracheal intubation through PAXpress has a moderately good success rate and a high incidence of mucosal trauma. ‘Extension’ is the predominant adjusting manoeuvre required for blind tracheal intubation, especially when the alignment of the PAXpress to the larynx is poor.