bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF THE EXPOSURE TO COLD ON THE EXTRATHYROIDAL CONVERSION OF L-THYROXINE TO TRIIODO-L-THYRONINE, AND ON INTRAMITOCHONDRIAL α-GLYCEROPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN THYROIDECTOMIZED RATS ON L-THYROXINE
Authors: Bernal J. , Escobar del Rey F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroidectomized rats have been injected daily with 125I labelled L-thyroxine (T4*) and, once isotopic equilibrium was attained, divided into cold-exposed (4–10°C) and control (21–24°C) groups, the daily T4* administration being continued till the end of the experiment. Fourteen days after onset of cold exposure, the total I* of different organs and of the carcass was determined and the tissues submitted to extraction and paper chromatography for the separation of T4 and T4-derived I-containing compounds. The activity of intramitochondrial α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPD) was measured in kidneys and liver. It was found that the total amount of I* was intensely decreased in all samples from cold-exposed animals. The proportion of this I* which was non-extractable was the same, in all tissues, for cold-exposed and control rats. The % of extractable tissue radioactivity in the form of T4 was decreased, and that found as T4-derived T3 was increased, in all samples from cold-exposed animals.
The T3/T4 ratio was increased more than two-fold in all tissues studied. The concentration of T4 decreased significantly in all tissues, whereas the concentration of T3 in tissues of cold-exposed rats did not decrease. It actually increased in kidneys and lungs, and remained the same in liver and carcass. Despite the decrease in the concentration of T4 in the kidneys, α-GPD activity was increased in this tissue, where the concentration of T3 was increased. No change in the α-GPD activity was found for the liver, where the concentration of T3 was the same for cold-exposed and control rats.
Thus, it appears likely that the conversion of T4 to T3 is increased by the exposure to cold of thyroidectomized rats on a constant dose of T4. α-GPD activity in a given tissue appears to be more closely related to the concentration of T3, than to that of T4.
COMPLETE INHIBITION OF ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSES FOLLOWING SCIATIC NERVE STIMULATION IN RATS WITH HYPOTHALAMIC ISLANDS
Authors: Feldman Shaul , Conforti Nisim , Chowers Israel 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that in rats with hypothalamic islands the adrenocortical response to photic and acoustic stimulation was partially inhibited indicating that they were at least to a certain degree neurally mediated, though ether stress produced normal adrenocortical responses. With the purpose of determining to what extent afferent somatosensory connections to the hypothalamus participate in the activation of adrenocortical responses following sciatic nerve stimulation, the effects of this stimulus applied through chronically implanted electrodes were studied on the plasma corticosterone levels in pentobarbital anaesthetized intact animals and in rats with hypothalamic islands. Ether stress or sciatic nerve stimulation for 2 min in intact rats produced a rise of plasma corticosterone to 32.1 ± 1.2 and 32.1 ± 1.8 μg/100 ml, respectively. However, in animals with hypothalamic islands the corresponding values were 29.2 ± 1.8 and 12.4 ± 0.8 μg/100 ml, respectively. The latter value was not significantly different from the basal corticosterone levels (13.0 ± 1.2 μg/100 ml) found in rats 15 min after pentobarbital anaesthesia, the time when the sciatic stimulus was applied. The present data indicate that the adrenocortical discharge following sciatic nerve stimulation is completely inhibited by hypothalamic deafferentation and therefore depends entirely on the activation of the afferent neural pathways to the hypothalamus.
THE IMMUNOGENIC PROPERTIES OF HIGHLY PURIFIED INSULIN PREPARATIONS. THE CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF INSULIN-BINDING ANTIBODIES
Authors: Andersen O. Ortved 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twenty-four diabetic patients were treated with porcine protamine-insulin (NPH-insulin) containing 7–13 mmol proinsulin per mol insulin and 27 diabetic patients were treated with porcine protamine-insulin (HP-insulin) containing 0.36 mmol proinsulin per mol insulin. 75 % of the patients treated with NPH-insulin and 15 % of the patients treated with HP-insulin formed detectable insulin-binding antibodies. The difference in the antibody titre in the two groups was significant. As a group, patients treated with HP-insulin did not have a significant rise in the plasma insulin-binding capacity when compared to pre-treatment values. When comparing patients with antibodies and patients without detectable antibodies no difference in the degree of regulation could be demonstrated between the two groups. Young patients with antibodies had a higher insulin requirement per kg per day than patients without detectable antibodies.
Among patients in remission those without detectable antibodies had a longer remission period than those with antibodies. Apart from the difference in antibody formation and hence a different distribution in the groups compared, the patients treated with NPH-insulin and HP-insulin did not differ with regard to the degree of regulation, the insulin requirement or the duration of the remission period.
INFLUENCE OF CORTICOTROPHIN ON URINARY 17-KETOSTEROID EXCRETION IN ADRENALECTOMIZED FEMALES
Authors: Vejlsted H. , Kehlet H. , Nielsen Meta Damkjær , Blichert-Toft M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids was measured during dexamethasone substitution followed by ACTH (Synacthen Depot®, 1 mg daily) in 10 non-virilized adrenalectomized women. No significant changes could be demonstrated indicating ovarian androgenic dependence of ACTH in non-virilized females.
EFFECTS OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE ON LH RELEASE INDUCED BY LH-RH IN MEN
Authors: D'Agata R. , Gulizia S. , Andò S. , Polosa P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to determine the effect of dihydrotestosterone on the feed-back mechanism of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testis axis, nine healthy subjects were subjected to LH-RH tests before and after treatment with 5α-DHT. A double antibody radio-immunoassay technique was used to measure the concentration of LH and FSH in the plasma.
Our results clearly show that the pituitary LH release by LH-RH after pre-treatment with 5α-DHT is more pronounced. In the light of actual findings from several laboratories it is not possible to interpret clearly the results of our own experiments, and hence we advance only some hypotheses.
EFFECT OF CB-154 (2-Br-α-ergocryptine) ON SERUM FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE, LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND PROLACTIN IN WOMEN WITH THE AMENORRHOEA-GALACTORRHOEA SYNDROME
Authors: Seki Katsuyoshi , Seki Mitsunori , Okumura Toshiko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four women with the amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea syndrome were treated with 2-Br-α-ergocryptine (CB-154). In 3 patients, lactation was inhibited and ovulation was induced. Furthermore, pregnancy was achieved in one of them. In the remaining case, neither was lactation inhibited nor ovulation induced. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) were measured sequentially in the 4 CB-154 treated women. They showed high serum PRL levels and acyclic patterns of serum FSH and LH. CB-154 suppressed PRL secretion and stimulated FSH and LH secretion in 3 cases where lactation was inhibited and ovulation was induced. In the one unsuccessful case, serum PRL decreased only slightly and the serum FSH and LH showed no marked changes.
CHANGES IN PITUITARY PROLACTIN LEVELS OF FEMALE HAMSTERS AS A FUNCTION OF AGE, PHOTOPERIOD, AND PINEALECTOMY
Authors: Reiter Russel J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Exposure of intact female hamsters to light:dark cycles of 1 h light alternating with 23 h darkness (LD 1:23) led to involution of the reproductive organs, a drop in prolactin levels within the anterior pituitary gland, and hypertrophy of the intrascapular brown fat. All of these changes were prevented if the animals were pinealectomized. Pituitary prolactin levels in control hamsters maintained in LD 14:10 cycles also decreased during the 8 week experimental period. Pituitaries of hamsters killed at the end of the experiment contained about four-fifths less prolactin than those necropsied at the beginning of the study.
AGE DEPENDENCE OF PLASMA OESTROGEN RESPONSE TO HCG AND ACTH IN MEN
Authors: Kley H. K. , Nieschlag E. , Krüskemper H. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twelve men, 19–40 years old, and 12 men, 60–86 years old, were given ACTH and in a second test series, HCG. Oestrone, oestradiol-17β and cortisol were measured in the plasma before and after stimulation. Under basal conditions oestrone and oestradiol as well as the percentage binding of testosterone increased significantly with age, whereas cortisol remained unchanged. The administration of HCG resulted in higher levels of both plasma oestrone and oestradiol in older subjects than in younger ones, although the percentage increase was smaller. ACTH stimulation leads to higher levels of oestrone in the older group, whereas oestradiol remained unchanged. Cortisol rose 3.5 fold in both groups. Regarding absolute concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol the ability of the adrenals and of the testes to respond to exogenous gonadotrophin and adrenocorticotrophin appeared to be preserved despite ageing, though the relative responses of oestrone and oestradiol after HCG and of oestrone after ACTH were decreased in old as compared to young men.
IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL LOCALIZATION OF ANTIGENS RELATED TO HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN IN THE UTERUS OF PREGNANT BEAGLE DOGS
Authors: El Etreby M. F. , Soulioti G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A cross-reaction of anti-HCG and anti-HPL sera with related tissue antigens in normal beagle dog pregnant uteri, from thirty days of pregnancy to term, is reported.
Using the immunoglobulin-peroxidase bridge technique, specific staining is localized in the glands of the spongy layer and in the deep uterine glands, but it is absent from the trophoblasts of the placental labyrinth. A specific reaction product is also observed in the surface and glandular epithelium of the chorion laeve.
These findings suggest that certain antigens, which share antigenic determinants with HCG and HPL, are produced in the endometrial epithelium and not in the trophoblastic villi of pregnant beagle dogs.
PATTERNS OF BODY WEIGHT CHANGE IN RATS FOLLOWING NEONATAL HORMONE MANIPULATION: A "CRITICAL PERIOD" FOR ANDROGEN-INDUCED GROWTH INCREASES
Authors: Tarttelin M. F. , Shryne J. E. , Gorski R. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The development of sexual behaviour and gonadal function is largely determined by the early postnatal hormone environment in the rat; testosterone propionate (TP) treatment in the neonatal female will stimulate development of predominantly masculine functional characteristics. On the other hand, removal of the testes from neonatal males results in feminization of these characteristics. It has been shown that an optimal neonatal steroid hormone environment is also essential for normal growth. We now report the effects of different doses of TP (10, 30, 90, or 270 μg) given on postnatal days 2, 3, 4, or 5 on growth as measured primarily by body weight. Only treatment in the 30–270 μg range on days 2 or 3 was effective in causing significant growth changes, however, these same doses caused sterility and impaired female sexual behaviour when given on days 4 or 5. Therefore, there appears to be a "critical period" before the fourth postnatal day when TP can affect processes leading to increased growth. Removal of the neonatal testes retards growth to the levels of the androgenized females. The ovaries of the female TP treated rats still have a restraining influence on growth since their removal produces an increment in body weight similar to, though not as great as, that of the normal ovariectomized rat. These findings suggest that neonatal TP administration may possibly reduce the responsiveness of rats to the growth depressing effect of ovarian steroids by action at a site functionally different from that producing sterility and impaired sexual behaviour.
BINDING OF THE 35S OF 35S-PROPYLTHIOURACIL BY FOLLICULAR THYROGLOBULIN IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
Authors: Papapetrou Petros D. , Mothon Stella , Alexander W. Donald 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radioactivity was found bound to follicular thyroglobulin after administration of 35S-propylthiouracil (PTU) to rats. Denaturation of the thyroglobulin using various procedures could not separate the 35S from the protein; it was concluded that the 35S is bound to thyroglobulin covalently. Fractionation of saline-soluble thyroid proteins was performed by ultracentrifugation on sucrose gradients. The PTU-sulphur/thyroglobulin (S/Tg) molar ratio was calculated in all fractions. One hour after the injection of PTU the S/Tg molar ratio was the same for 19S thyroglobulin from rats on stock diet and 18S thyroglobulin from rats on low iodine diet. Injection of KI to the animals before administration of 35S-PTU significantly reduced the ratio. The highest S/Tg ratio 1.10 was noted at 19S thyroglobulin, 17 h after a single injection of PTU. Daily injection of PTU for six days increased the S/Tg ratio to 3.3. Inverse relationship between dose of PTU and S/Tg ratio was noted at one hour. In animals injected with large dose of 35S-PTU and sacrificed several hours later the S/Tg was higher at the 12S subunits than at the 19S protein. The amount of PTU bound to 3–8S subunits was minimal. Sulphite liberated 64 % of the 35S bound to thyroglobulin which appeared as four compounds on thin layer chromatography plates. The main 35S compound liberated by sulphite was sulphate.
In vitro incubation of 35S-PTU or 35S-sulphate with bovine thyroglobulin showed that sulphate does not bind to thyroglobulin, while PTU or more probably an unknown metabolite of PTU (which contaminates even an oxygen free water solution of PTU) is attached to thyroglobulin by covalent bond.
It is concluded that the 35S of PTU or of an unknown metabolite of PTU different from sulphate binds to follicular thyroglobulin in vivo. The 35S of PTU is accepted by disulphide bonds of the thyroglobulin molecule.
STEROID HORMONES AND THEIR BINDING IN PLASMA OF MALE PATIENTS WITH FATTY LIVER, CHRONIC HEPATITIS AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Kley H. K. , Nieschlag E. , Wiegelmann W. , Solbach H. G. , Krüskemper H. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2), testosterone (T), androstenedione (A) and cortisol (F) as well as LH and the percentage of binding of E1, E2, T and F in plasma were measured and compared in normal young and old male subjects and in male patients with fatty liver, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. The alterations seen were most marked in the cirrhotic patients, but were partially also found in patients with fatty liver and in normal old subjects: a definite increase in E1, a smaller increase in E2, a decrease in T and a rise in LH. F remained unchanged. The ratios of E2/T and E1/T were higher in cirrhotic patients than in healthy young subjects. As the percentage of bound T in plasma rose, the oestrogen/androgen imbalance was greater in patients with liver disease and in old subjects than the ratio of total hormone plasma concentration indicates. The biological relevance of the extremely high E1 plasma concentrations in patients with cirrhosis of the liver is not known. It is suggested that the combination of elevated E1 and E2 and reduced T, which is strongly bound by increased sexual hormone binding globulin (SHBG) may be responsible for gynaecomastia and hypogonadism in chronic liver diseases. As similar alterations of steroid plasma concentrations and their binding to plasma proteins are found both in patients with liver disease and in old men, these changes may be caused by the same mechanism: namely an altered liver function.
ALDOSTERONE AND CORTICOSTERONE PRODUCTION IN RENAL HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Dietz R. , Mast G. J. , Möhring J. , Vecsei P. , Gless K. H. , Oster P. , Gross F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The development of hypertension, which had been elicited by clamping one renal artery in the presence of an untouched contralateral kidney, has been pursued in rats for up to six weeks after operation, and aldosterone and corticosterone production was studied at various intervals.
Two weeks after renal artery stenosis had been induced, a "benign" and a "malignant" course of hypertension could be distinguished, the latter being characterized by a rise in blood pressure beyond 180–190 mmHg, loss of salt and water, increased water intake, decrease in body weight and food intake, and stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
In the early phase of hypertension (after 9 days), aldosterone production and plasma aldosterone concentration were already elevated, and so was plasma corticosterone concentration. After 16 days, a marked increase in aldosterone production and in both plasma aldosterone and corticosterone concentrations was obtained in malignant hypertensive rats, whereas the secretion of the two hormones was only slightly stimulated in benign hypertensive rats. Similar differences in aldosterone production between rats with benign or malignant hypertension were found 21 and 42 days after operation.
After 21 days, a close relationship between plasma renin concentration and aldosterone production was obtained in malignant hypertensive and control rats. A positive correlation between plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and of aldosterone was calculated for rats with malignant hypertension.
It is concluded that, in the malignant phase of renal hypertension, a state of secondary aldosteronism develops as a consequence of negative sodium and water balance induced by high blood pressure.
THE USE OF ANTISERUM TO RAT PROLACTIN TO EVALUATE ITS ROLE AS LUTEOTROPHIN IN THE HAMSTER
Authors: Sairam M. R. , Rao A. Jagannadha , Li Choh Hao 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rabbit antisera to rat prolactin was found to cross-react with the hamster pituitary extract by double diffusion and quantitative precipitin techniques. Short term neutralization of prolactin by antiserum to rat prolactin either in early or late stages of gestation did not have any deleterious effects. Prolonged administration of rat prolactin antiserum resulted in an increase in the incidence of resorptions, but pregnancy was still maintained followed by normal parturition. This is in marked contrast to the abortive effects of an antiserum of ICSH. It was concluded that prolactin does not play a major role in maintaining pregnancy of the hamster.
SERUM TSH AND SERUM T3 LEVELS DURING NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLES AND DURING CYCLES ON ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Authors: Weeke Jørgen , Hansen Aage Prange 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum TSH and serum T3 levels were studied in 35 normally menstruating women and in 35 women on oral contraceptives in order to find out whether the levels of TSH and T3 were related to the menstrual cycle or changed by oral contraceptives. Serum TSH and T3 were found to be unchanged throughout the normal menstrual cycles and during the cycles of oral contraceptives. The TSH level was higher in the women on oral contraceptives than in the normally menstruating women. This might be due to a direct thyroid inhibitory effect of oestrogen. As could be expected the levels of T3 and T4 were higher in women on oral contraceptives than in normally menstruating women.
RELATION BETWEEN THYROID FUNCTION AND SERUM LEVELS OF LONG-ACTING THYROID STIMULATOR
Authors: Davis J. C. , Hipkin L. J. , Summers V. K. , Gimlette T. M. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Bioassays of long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) were performed in three groups of subjects: in normal controls, in thyrotoxic patients before and serially after 131I treatment, and in patients with hypopituitarism. Of the untreated thyrotoxic patients, 27.7 % had raised serum LATS levels initially. There was no correlation between the relapse rate after 131I therapy and the initial or subsequent LATS titres: in particular, thyrotoxicosis sometimes recurred after an initially high LATS titre had fallen into the normal range. The distribution of the results of LATS assays in the hypopituitary patients was significantly different from that in the normal subjects; 4 out of 27 hypopituitary patients had LATS levels above the normal range, although they had no thyroxicosis. On the other hand, the majority of the patients with hypopituitarism, 19 out of 27, had LATS titres below the mean normal level, possibly due to deficiency of a substance we have termed pseudo LATS. These results raise doubts about a direct causative role for LATS in most cases of thyrotoxicosis.
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF POLAR CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE URINE OF THE MACAQUE MONKEY (MACACA FASCICULARIS) AND THE BABOON (PAPIO HAMADRYAS)
Authors: Setchell K. D. R. , Gontscharow N. P. , Axelson M. , Sjövall J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Computerised gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed in the identification of polar corticosteroid metabolites excreted in the urine from the macaque monkey (Macaca fascicularis) and the baboon (Papio hamadryas). The following steroids were identified in significant amounts in the urine from both species: 3α,17α,20α,21-tetrahydroxy-5β-pregnan-11-one; 3α,17α,20β,21-tetrahydroxy-5β-pregnan-11-one; 5β-pregnane-3α,11β,17α,20α,21-pentol; 5β-pregnane-3α,11β,17α,20β-pentol; 5α-pregnane-3β, 11β, 17α,20β,21 -pentol.
11β,17α,21-Trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione (cortisol), 11β,17α,20β,21-tetrahydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 11β, 17α,20β,21 -tetrahydroxy-5ξ-pregnan-3-one were identified in macaque monkey urine. Two steroids, 17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnane-3,11-dione and 17α,20α,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,11-dione were excreted as major C21 metabolites in the baboon but were not identified in the urine from the macaque monkey. 3β-Hydroxy-5α-pregnane metabolites were identified in the urine from both species. All these steroids were excreted conjugated to glucuronic acid, evidenced by their recovery after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase enzyme.
An efficient 20β-reduction of corticosteroids in both species is apparent, and the excretion pattern of polar steroid metabolites in the two species was shown to be similar.
CORRELATION BETWEEN HCG (LH)-BINDING CAPACITY, LEYDIG CELL NUMBER AND SECRETORY ACTIVITY OF RAT TESTIS THROUGHOUT PUBESCENCE
Authors: Pahnke V. G. , Leidenberger F. A. , Künzig H. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male rats varying in age from 10 to 110 days were examined for testosterone concentration of serum and testicular tissue and 125I-HCG-binding capacity of testicular tissue. In addition, the Leydig cell number of testes was determined using two different staining methods.
It could be demonstrated that specific 125I-HCG-binding capacity of rat testis increased with age up to 60 days of life. This rise was accompanied by an increase in serum and testicular testosterone concentrations and can be explained by a concomitant increase in Leydig cell number up to this age. The calculated specific 125-HCG-binding capacity per Leydig cell does not change from day 30 to 110 of life. This finding is in contrast to the 125I-HCG-binding capacity per Leydig cell at day 10 and 20, the former being 5–6 times higher than in the age groups of 30 to 110 days. The observation of high 125I-HCG-binding capacity per Leydig cell at day 10 and 20 is discussed in the light of simultaneous elevated serum and testicular testosterone concentrations.