bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (NCF‐A) release in aspirin‐induced asthma
Authors: ORTOLANI C. , CAPSONI F. , RESTUCCIA M. , PASTORELLO E. , RIBOLDI P. S. , ZOCCHI M. , ZANUSSI C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNeutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) following oral challenge with aspirin (ASA) was determined in ASA‐intolerant asthmatic subjects, and in ASA‐tolerant asthmatic and normal subjects. There was a statistically significant fall in FEV1 and a rise in NCA (P <0.01) following challenge in the ASA‐sensitive subjects compared with that of the ASA‐tolerant subjects and normal controls. No significant difference was observed between the latter two groups. The chemotactic factor identified in this study had a molecular weight greater than 150 000 which is consistent with NCF‐A (neutrophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis). The ASA‐induced fall in FEV1 and rise in NCA was further studied in three of the ASA‐intolerant asthmatic subjects, with and without pretreatment with inhaled sodium cromoglycate. In these subjects, the drug inhibited both the oral ASA‐induced bronchoconstriction and the increase in neutrophil chemotactic activity.These results suggest that ASA‐induced asthma involves mediator release from mast cells, as shown by the increase in NCA following ASA challenge and the protective effect of sodium cromoglycate which is considered to inhibit mast‐cell degranulation.
study of the mast cells of the human duodenal mucosa
Authors: MONERET‐VAUTRIN D. A. , DE KORWIN J. D. , TISSERANT J. , GRIGNON M. , CLAUDOT N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe ultrastructure of the process of degranulation of mast cells of human duodenal mucosa was examined. In normal controls little degranulation was seen, but in persons with false food allergy (pseudo‐allergy) considerable degranulation of mast cells was delected. This is consistent with the hypothesis that some persons have an abnormal fragility of duodenal mast cells in the presence of histamine‐releasing substances. Incubation of duodenal biopsy material with various histamine‐releasing agents (compound 48/80, Concanavalin A, the calcium ionophore A 23187, and anti‐IgE) confirmed the susceptibility of duodenal mast cells for antigen non‐specific release of histamine, or that mediated by IgE. In a group of patients with immediaie‐type, anaphylactic, food allergy, mast cells in the absence of antigen are in a normal state, but degranulation occurs on exposure in vitro or in vivo to specific antigen. The susceptibility to degranulation continues in persons cured of their food allergy. This suggests that a clinical cure is not due to a change of susceptibility of duodenal mast cells to release histamine, but is possibly associated with formation of blocking antibodies, and/or a modification in reactivity of basophils and mast cells of other organs.
Disodium cromoglycate compared with beclomethasone dipropionate in juvenile asthma
Authors: FRANCIS R. S. , MCENERY G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a double‐blind controlled crossover trial of inhaled disodium cromoglycate and beclomethasone dipropionate in juvenile asthma, beclomethasone produced higher therapeutic scores but significantly so in only two indices–wheeze‐free days and morning peak flow rates. Combined treatment offered no advantage over beclomethasone alone. No side‐effects were noted. The findings confirm other studies of cromoglycate and a steroid aerosol (betamethasone 17‐valerate) but disagree with the only other comparative trial of cromoglycate and beclomethasone, in which both were found equally effective.
Systemic mastocytosis in a 5‐year‐old child: successful treatment with disodium cromoglycate
Authors: BUSINCO L. , CANTANI A. , BUSINCO E. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMost clinical signs and symptoms of systemic mastocytosis (SM) are attributed to histamine release. We report here a 5‐year‐old male child with SM, who suffered from the age of 4 months from disseminated skin lesions, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, flushing, tachycardia, hypotension, somnolence, and transient blindness, triggered by heat and egg ingestion. Oral disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) or placebo were started in a single blind trial at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day in four divided doses. The child was studied for 21 months during the administration of three courses of DSCG, each of 6 months’ duration, interspersed with three 1‐month courses of placebo. During treatment with DSCG all the systemic manifestations improved, and the histaminaemia decreased. During the placebo periods the symptoms, signs, and histaminaemia recurred.
Baker's asthma
Authors: BLOCK G. , TSE K. S. , KIJEK K. , CHAN H. , CHAN‐YEUNG M. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySpecific IgE antibodies were demonstrated in the sera of six bakers with respiratory symptoms of asthma or bronchitis by the radioallergosorbent (RAST) assay. The specificity of the antibodies was found to be directed not only against the common flours (rye, wheat) used in the bakeries but also against triticale, barley, oat. corn and rice in some of the bakers. By using the RAST inhibition tests, cross‐antigenicity was shown to exist between different cereal grains. The degree of cross‐reactivity closely paralleled their taxonomic relationship and appeared to be in the following order of decreasing closeness: wheat, triticale, rye. barley, oat. rice and corn. The allergenic activity in the rye and wheat extracts was found to be distributed among various fractions of different molecular weights.
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of changes in specific IgG antibodies to five venoms during venom immunotherapy
Authors: HUNT KEVIN J. , ASKENASE PHILIP W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed that could measure titres of human IgG antibodies to five different venoms (honeybee, yellow jacket, yellow hornet, white‐faced hornet, and wasp), and to honeybee phospholipase A. Changes in specific IgG anti‐venom titres were measured in twenty patients that had systemic anaphylactic reactions to insect stings, and ten non‐allergic controls. After being stung and prior to treatment all patients had anti‐venom IgG titres greater than controls. Treatment with small doses of venom over 1–2 months resulted in prompt rises in anti‐venom IgG titres that may represent secondary anemnestic responses primed by prior slings. All patients undergoing venom immunotherapy showed at least 2‐fold increases in IgG antibody lo the venoms they were treated with by the time maintenance doses of 100 meg were achieved, with one exception. Significant cross‐reactive increases in anti‐vespid IgG antibodies to venoms not used for treatment occurred in nine of eighteen treated patients. Overall, ELISA of IgG antibodies lo five venoms allowed clear evaluation of the considerable variation of IgG responses among different patients. We conclude that serial determination of venom‐specific IgG titres by ELISA offers an important adjunct to evaluating the results of venom immunotherapy.
Allergy to gerbils
Authors: McGIVERN D. , LONGBOTTOM JOAN , DAVIES D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPet gerbils were identified as the cause of asthma or rhinitis in three out‐patients seen over a period of eighteen months. Allergy to gerbils was confirmed by skin tests, RAST and the clinical course. Gerbils are popular household pets and allergy to gerbils may be commoner than recognized.
Atopy and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: O'DRISCOLL B. R. C. , MILBURN H. J. , KEMENY D. M. , COCHRANE G. M. , PANAYI G. S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was studied among 266 atopic patients attending an allergy clinic. Two patients had definite RA, a prevalence similar to that seen in the general population.We also studied the prevalence of atopy (positive skin‐prick tests) and diseases associated with atopy among forty patients with RA and forty age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The two groups had a similar prevalence of atopy (5 RA patients, nine controls) and atopic diseases (fourteen RA patients, fourteen controls) and they did not differ with respect to blood eosinophil counts or total serum IgE. Positive RAST tests to inhaled allergens were found in three RA patients and five controls and all patients had negative RAST tests to milk and egg.It was concluded that patients with rheumatoid arthritis have a normal prevalence of atopy and atopic diseases and we found no evidence that allergic factors contributed to the arthritis of the forty RA patients in the study.
Skin reactivity and specific IgE levels in the evaluation of allergic sensitivity to common allergens for epidemiological purposes
Authors: PAGGIARO P. L. , BACCI E. , AMRAM D. L. , ROSSI O. , TALINI D 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAn investigation was conducted to test the validity of the skin‐prick test (SPT) with eleven common allergens (Lofarma series proposed by Italian National Research Council for epidemiological studies) as a method for predicting the presence of specific antibodies in serum. The relationship between SPT, evaluated by two different methods (MWD = mean weal diameter, AHWR = allergen histamine weal ratio), and specific IgE levels (RAST) has been investigated in 101 patients tested consecutively for suspected allergic disease. Sensitivity, specificity and overall efficiency were assessed for different criteria of SPT positivity (≥4 mm or ≥5 mm using MWD; ++ or +++ using AHWR). For pollens and moulds, a weal diameter ≥5 mm gave better results than 4 mm, whereas for mites a MWD ≥4 mm showed a better sensitivity and overall efficiency than 5 mm. Danders showed low sensitivity when either 5 or 4 mm criterion was considered. AHWR evaluation gave no better results, except for animal danders. Correlation coefficients between weal size and RAST class showed a good relationship for mites and pollens using both methods of SPT evaluation; a moderate relationship was observed with MWD criterion for moulds and with AHWR for danders.We conclude that a weal diameter ≥5 mm can be assumed to predict RAST positivity for pollens and moulds, and for mites, a weal ≥4 mm can be a more accurate criterion. The poor correlation between weal diameter and RAST positivity for such allergens as animal danders and moulds suggests that in these cases SPT should be associated to specific serum IgE evaluation to prove allergic sensitivity.
Effect of disodium cromoglycate on activation of human eosinophils and neutrophils following reversed (anti‐IgE) anaphylaxis
Authors: MOQBEL R. , WALSH G. M. , MACDONALD A. J. , KAY B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryImmunological release of histamine and lipid mediators is known to occur when basophils, contained in whole blood human leucocytes, are incubated with anti‐IgE (reversed anaphylaxis). In the present study we show that IgE‐dependent stimulation of basophils was associated with activation of bystander eosinophils and neutrophils, as assessed by enhanced complement (C3b) and IgG (Fc) rosettes, and increased cytotoxicity for complement‐coated schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. These changes in eosinophil and neutrophil function were totally inhibited in a dose‐dependent fashion by prior incubation with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). In all in vitro systems examined, complete inhibition of enhancement was observed with concentrations as low as 10‐7 moles/1. In contrast, DSCG had no effect on histamine release, or the percentage of rosettes or cytotoxicity prior to anti‐IgE stimulation. These results suggest that DSCG inhibits activation of inflammatory cells consequent to an IgE‐dependent stimulus.
Potentiation of IgE production to common environmental allergens by storage house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae
Authors: SHIBASAKI M. , SUMAZAKI R. , TAKITA H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTotal scrum IgE and IgE antibodies against ten common antigens, including Dermatophagoides farinae (D.f.), moth, ragweed, orchard grass, cryptomeria, alternaria, aspergillus, dog dander, cat dander and tetanus toxoid, were determined using the PRIST and the Sepharose‐RAST, respectively, in 100 clinically non‐allergic Japanese subjects and interrelations of IgE responses to these antigens were investigated. We obtained following results. (1) The number of positive RAST antigens, to which the subjects responded, increased in parallel to their total serum IgE levels. (2) Among ten antigens, D.f. and moth antigens contributed a great deal to the elevation of total serum IgE level as compared with other antigens. (3) When the relationship between IgE response to D.f. and similar responses to the other nine antigens was investigated, positive RAST responses to various antigens occurred selectively in the subjects with positive RAST for D.f., and the number of positive RAST antigens to which the subjects responded increased depending upon their D.f. specific RAST levels. (4) Such an association was not found between IgE response to moth and the other nine antigens. These findings suggest that non‐specific activation of IgE‐producing B cells occurs as a result of continuing stimulation by D.f.
Early‐onset hay fever in Israeli children
Authors: GELLER‐BERNSTEIN C. , LEVIN S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn order to investigate the influence of climate and vegetation on the age of onset and clinical picture of hay fever (HF), we examined 116 children with typical HF living in a single climatic area; fifty‐four were from rural farming settlements and sixty‐two from towns and cities. Overall age of onset was low; 72% of rural children developed HF between the ages of 2 years and 4 years compared to only 24% of urban children (P < 0.005). At the same time, 57% of rural children had positive skin tests to more than three pollen extracts out of nineteen allergens tested, compared to 19% of urban children (P < 0.005). There were no significant differences between the rural and urban groups with regard to the incidence of asthma as part of their HF, nor were there differences in total IgE levels. The results of this study suggest that Israeli children develop hay fever earlier than generally reported in the literature, and that this is most marked in the rural areas. This can be explained by their specific environment, which consists of a basically dry, desert‐like climate where lawns, crops and trees are extensively irrigated, leading to the dissemination into the environment of large amounts of pollen grains, which are not washed away because of the lack of rain.
Allergy to suxamethonium: persisting abnormalities in skin tests, specific IgE antibodies and leucocyte histamine release
Authors: DIDIER A. , BENZARTI M. , SENFT M. , CHARPIN D. , LAGIER F. , CHARPIN J. , VERVLOET D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwenty‐one patients, who had previously experienced an anaphylactic reaction to suxamethonium during general anaesthesia, were selected for this study. Initially, skin tests with muscle relaxants were carried out in the twenty‐one patients, detection of specific anti‐choline IgE in nineteen, and leucocyte histamine release in seventeen. These three tests were then repeated between 1 year and 4 years after the initial evaluation. In the majority of patients, sensitization to the muscle relaxants persisted for more than 1 year after the anaphylactic reaction. Only three patients out of twenty‐one (4%) had negative skin tests when retested 1–4 years later. A reduction in leucocyte histamine release was noticed in one of the seventeen retested patients (6%). Modifications of anti‐choline IgE were observed in five of nineteen patients (26%). The persistence of sensitization to suxamethonium may result from repeated stimulation by occasional contacts with quaternary ammonium compounds. This study demonstrates the reliability of skin tests, leucocyte histamine release and detection of anti‐choline IgE to diagnose allergic reactions to suxamethonium, even when they are performed a long time after the initial anaphylactic reaction.
Relationship between skin reactions to common allergens and non‐specific bronchial reactivity in young healthy subjects
Authors: CHARPIN D. , LUCENA G. , BADIER M. , HEMON Y. , LAGIER F. , VERVLOET D. , CHARPIN J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn patients with respiratory symptoms, several studies have provided data supporting the hypothesis that there is a causal relationship between allergen exposure and variations in bronchial reactivity. In order to determine if this relationship holds when atopy is defined only on the basis of positive skin tests to common allergens, we compared bronchial reactivity in a group of twelve healthy subjects with positive skin tests and twenty‐eight healthy subjects with negative tests. The two groups were comparable in terms of gender, age, smoking habits and family history of atopic diseases. The slopes of the dose‐response curves, using airway conductance as an index of response, were similar in the two groups. Thus, in this healthy group of subjects, there was no relationship between skin and bronchial reactivity. It can be hypothesized that, if genetic factors determine bronchial reactivity, such reactivity might not be revealed until skin‐test positive subjects have received repeated bronchial stimulation through inhalant allergens.
Recovery of FEV1 after histamine challenge in asthmatic children
Authors: GERRITSEN J. , KOËTER G. H. , AKKERBOOM H. J. , KNOL K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFactors that influence the time necessary for complete recovery of FEV1 after inhaling histamine were analysed in forty‐five children with asthma. These included the initial bronchial obstruction (baseline FEV1), the provocation dose of histamine producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20) and the fall in FEV1 after the histamine challenge. In addition it was also investigated whether a second challenge carried out after complete recovery of FEV1 would produce a reproducible PD20‐histamine value. The time for complete recovery varied widely from 15 to more than 75 min. The time needed for complete recovery of FEV1 after the histamine challenge seems to be mainly determined by the PD20 value. The other factors such as initial bronchial obstruction and the fall in FEV1 after the challenge showed no significant relationship with the recovery time. A second challenge with histamine resulted in a highly reproducible PD20 value. The clinical implication of this study is that other tests can only be performed when FEV1 has returned to 95% of baseline.
Fusarium solani: Evidence for common antigenic/allergenic determinants with other Fungi Imperfecti
Authors: O'NEIL CAROL E. , REED MARGARET A. , HUGHES JANET M. , BUTCHER B. T. , LEHRER S. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAqueous extracts of Fusarium solani and other members of the Fungi Imperfecti were evaluated for the presence of common antigenic/allergenic determinants using skin‐prick testing, radio‐allergo‐sorbent test (RAST) inhibition, and immunoelectrophoretic methods. Prevalence of skin reactivity in forty‐four atopic individuals, tested with commercially available fungal extracts, ranged from 27.3% for Alternaria tenuis to 6.8% for Penicillium notatum. No specific patterns of reactivity emerged from statistical analyses of skin test data. In contrast, RAST inhibition demonstrated common allergenic determinants. P. notatum and Aspergillus glaucus inhibited F. solani RAST by 79% and 84%, respectively. This was supported by crossed line immunoelectrophoresis; both P. notatum and A. glaucus had antigenic determinants in common with F. solani. Collectively, these studies suggest that F. solani, P. notatum, and A. glaucus have several common antigenic/allergenic determinants.
IgE and IgG antibody response to purified bee‐venom antigens and peptides in four patients who had adverse reactions to immunotherapy
Authors: KEMENY D. M. , KAGEY‐SOBOTKA A. , LICHTENSTEIN L. M. , LESSOF M. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe immunological response to individual bee‐venom allergens was studied in blood samples collected at frequent intervals from four bee‐venom allergic patients who had suffered systemic allergic reactions to injections of bee venom during immunotherapy. All had high IgE antibody levels, at the upper end of the range found in bee‐sting allergic patients, and all had antibodies to the minor allergens at the time of the reactions. These did not, however, provide a simple explanation for the reactions that occurred. We were able to observe two interesting phenomena — in one patient IgE antibodies to the individual venom antigens appeared to be ‘switched off’ sequentially. In another, IgE antibodies to hyaluronidase rose substantially after 4 years of therapy. We believe that these results provide evidence to support the view that the regulation of IgE antibodies is controlled by mechanisms that are both isotype‐ and antigen‐specific.
Evidence of allergic hypersensitivity to chironomid midges in an English village community
Authors: McHUGH S. M. , CREDLAND P. F. , TEE ROSEMARY D. , CRANSTON P. S. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySome chironomid (non‐biting) midges contain potent human allergens, principally in the form of insect haemoglobins. In view of previously demonstrated immunological cross‐reactivity between some different midge species, the possible role of British midges in allergic disease was studied. The chosen site, Farmoor near Oxford, is a village that has been subject to several annual nuisance midge swarms since the construction of an adjacent water‐supply reservoir in 1964, which was extended in 1975. The incidence and severity of hypersensitivity in the community was assessed by questionnaire survey, skin‐prick testing, radio‐allergosorbent tests (RAST) and RAST inhibition, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and ELISA inhibition, using extracts of locally caught adult midges (Tanytarsus sylvaticus, T. bathophilus and Chironomus anthracinus) and laboratory cultured larvae (C. riparius). These tests revealed a low but significant level of midge‐related hypersensitivity with skin‐prick results showing seasonal fluctuations, but this seasonality was not confirmed with an IgE RAST. A correlation between IgE levels and relevant symptoms was found (P<0.01) using RAST, but not between IgE and skin‐test results. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay results did not correlate with any other parameter measured. The incidence and severity of allergic reactions to the midges tested in this community was low.
The existence of specific antibodies to cobalt in hard metal asthma
Authors: SHIRAKAWA T. , KUSAKA Y. , FUJIMURA N. , GOTO S. , MORIMOTO K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwelve workers with hard metal asthma diagnosed on the basis of peak flow diaries and positive bronchial reactions to cobalt chloride (CoCl2) were studied for sensitization by detection of specific antibodies to radioactive cobalt (57Co), cobalt‐conjugated human serum albumin (Co‐HSA) and cobalt‐conjugated exchange resin (Co‐resin). Their IgE titres ranged from 73 to 1500 IU/ml and eight were atopic individuals. Sixty serum samples from asthmatic patients with IgE titres of 14–4300 IU/ml were studied as controls in all tests. Eleven of twelve subject sera that selectively bound to 57Co after incubation with saturated ammonium sulphate (>232 c.p.m., P<0.01) were divided into three groups: (1) six sera showing evidence of specific IgE antibodies to Co‐HSA (>673 c.p.m., P<0.01) without those to Co‐resin; (2) one serum giving a positive radio‐allergosorbent test (RAST) only to Co‐resin (>417 c.p.m., P<0.01), and (3) four sera that were negative for two antigenic agents (Co‐HSA, Co‐resin). These results suggest that the subjects had occupational asthma due to hard metal exposure from cobalt sensitivity. An immuno‐allergic mechanism mediated by specific IgE antibodies to cobalt was confirmed to be responsible for the development of hard metal asthma, with the possibility of some role of the reaction without reagins.