bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
American Society of Clinical Oncology 2007 Update of Recommendations for the Use of Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer
Authors: Harris Lyndsay , Fritsche Herbert , Mennel Robert , Norton Larry , Ravdin Peter , Taube Sheila , Somerfield Mark R. , Hayes Daniel F. , Bast Robert C. 
Published: October 2007

PurposeTo update the recommendations for the use of tumor marker tests in the prevention, screening, treatment, and surveillance of breast cancer.MethodsFor the 2007 update, an Update Committee composed of members from the full Panel was formed to complete the review and analysis of data published since 1999. Computerized literature searches of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Collaboration Library were performed. The Update Committee's literature review focused attention on available systematic reviews and meta-analyses of published tumor marker studies. In general, significant health outcomes (overall survival, disease-free survival, quality of life, lesser toxicity, and cost-effectiveness) were used for making recommendations.Recommendations and ConclusionsThirteen categories of breast tumor markers were considered, six of which were new for the guideline. The following categories showed evidence of clinical utility and were recommended for use in practice: CA 15-3, CA 27.29, carcinoembryonic antigen, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, urokinase plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and certain multiparameter gene expression assays. Not all applications for these markers were supported, however. The following categories demonstrated insufficient evidence to support routine use in clinical practice: DNA/ploidy by flow cytometry, p53, cathepsin D, cyclin E, proteomics, certain multiparameter assays, detection of bone marrow micrometastases, and circulating tumor cells.
Electrochemical Deposition of Well-ordered Single-crystal PbTe Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Liu Weifeng , Cai Weili , Yao Lianzeng 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Thermoelectric PbTe nanowire arrays have successfully been fabricated by dc electrodeposition in conjunction with porous anodic alumina templates prepared via a two-step anodization process. X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and selected-area electron diffraction results indicate that the as-deposited samples are single crystal with a NaCl-type structure. The morphology and the structure of PbTe nanowires have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the PbTe nanowire arrays have a high-filling rate and in large area are dense and continuous.
New Hybrid TiO2 Nano-structured Materials for Lanthanides Separation
Authors: Rahal Raed , Daniele Stéphane , Pellet-Rostaing Stéphane , Lemaire Marc 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
New nano-structured hybrid EDTA- or DTPA/TiO2 materials were synthesized and were applied to the selective lanthanum(III)/gadolinium(III) separation in aqueous solutions.
In Situ and Ex Situ Monitoring of Oxygen Absorption in YBaCo4O7+δ
Authors: Valkeapää Markus , Karppinen Maarit , Motohashi Teruki , Liu Ru-Shi , Chen Jin-Ming , Yamauchi Hisao 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Oxygen absorption in YBaCo4O7+δ was studied by in situ XRD and by XANES spectroscopy. Unit cell of 10.875×10.168×12.788 Å3 (Pnna) was found for the oxygenated phase. XANES shows that oxygen absorption increases the number of different crystallographic sites for Co.
Synthesis of 3-Amino-substituted N-Alkylindazoles via Palladium(II)-catalyzed Intramolecular N-Arylation of Tosylhydrazines
Authors: Suryakiran N , Prabhakar P , Venkateswarlu Y 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
An efficient synthesis of 3-amino-substituted N-alkyl indazoles is described. Reaction of readily available o-halo aryl hydrazines with palladium(II) acetate and cupper(I) iodide in the presence of a base afforded the corresponding 3-substituted N-tosylindazoles in excellent yields. These products were further functionalized after detosylation with Na–Hg, followed by alkylation to afford 3-amino-substituted N-alkylindazoles.
Frozen 1,3-Alternate Conformation of Exhaustively Methylated Azacalix[4]arene in Solution: Successful Immobilization by Small but yet Sufficiently Bulky O-Methyl Group
Authors: Tsue Hirohito , Ishibashi Koichi , Tokita Satoshi , Matsui Kazuhiro , Takahashi Hiroki , Tamura Rui 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Conformational flexibility of exhaustively methylated azacalix[4]arene in solution has been investigated. Relaxation time measurements revealed that its 1,3-alternate conformation was inflexible even in solution. Intramolecular small annulus plays a central role in suppressing the conformational inversion by the small but yet sufficiently bulky O-methyl groups. Without regard to the small anulus, the azacalix[4]arene has a room to selectively accommodate potassium ion in the cavity.
Single Molecular Imaging of a micro-Brownian Motion and a Bond Scission of a Supramolecular Chiral π-Conjugated Polymer as a Molecular Bearing Driven by Thermal Fluctuations
Authors: Shinohara Ken-ichi , Kodera Noriyuki , Ando Toshio 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The micro-Brownian motion of a single polymer chain was directly measured by high-speed (rapid-scan) AFM on a mica substrate under an aqueous solution at room temperature. The diffusion constant was 1.3×10−14 m2/s, which is a basic property of a molecular bearing at a solid–liquid interface. The molecule was a micrometer-long supramolecular chain in which π-conjugated polyrotaxane was coupled by a π–π interaction. Bond scission of this supramolecular chain was directly observed, and the dynamic folding behavior of a single polymer chain was also imaged.
Improvement of Catalyst Activity in the Ru-catalyzed Dimerization of Acrylonitrile by Using Diphenyl Ether as a Solvent
Authors: Kashiwagi Kohichi , Sugise Ryoji , Shimakawa Toshihiro , Matuura Tunao 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
For the catalyst system of ruthenium and carboxylic acid, which is useful for the efficient tail-to-tail dimerization of acrylonitrile, the TON increases as the ruthenium catalyst concentration is decreased. Furthermore, the addition of aromatic solvents of equal volume to that of acrylonitrile improves the catalyst activity. Especially, the use of diphenyl ether leads to a 1.7 time improvement of the TON.
Four Pimarane Diterpenes from Marine Fungus: Chloroform Incorporated in Crystal Lattice for Absolute Configuration Analysis by X-ray
Authors: Yoshida Sanae , Kito Keijiro , Ooi Takashi , Kanoh Kaneo , Shizuri Yoshikazu , Kusumi Takenori 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Separation of the ethyl acetate extract of marine fungus Cryptosphaeria eunomia var. eunomia afforded a new pimarane-type diterpene 1 together with known compounds, 2, 4, and 5, whose absolute configurations were unknown. During recrystallization experiments using chloroform, compounds 1, 2, and 5 gave crystals suitable for X-ray analyses, which revealed that the crystals incorporated chloroform molecules in the crystal lattices. Based on the intense anomalous scattering by chlorine, the absolute configurations of 1, 2, and 5 were unambiguously determined.
Urinary protein 1/Clara cell 16 concentrations and lung functions in male subjects with pneumoconiosis
Authors: Kotani Kazuhiko , Kawabata Isao , Mu Haosheng , Kurozawa Youichi , Itoh Yoshihisa 
Published: October 2007

Background: Protein 1 (P1)/Clara cell 16 kDa protein (CC16, previously named CC10), a potentially immunosuppressive protein secreted by non-ciliated cells of the tracheobronchial epithelium, has been found to be a new useful lung-specific biomarker in several pathological lung conditions. Particularly, urinary P1 (uP1) may reflect the altered lung functions in pneumoconiosis. Methods: We investigated the relationship between uP1 values and lung functions in 31 non-smoking pneumoconiotic males (mean age 73 years) with a history of dust exposure work in shipbuilding. The protein was measured using an originally prepared enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system. The forced expiratory volume in 1 s % (FEV1.0%) and % vital capacity (%VC) were tested with a spirometer. Results: The mean values of uP1 were 4.62 ± 4.82 (mean ± standard deviation) ng/mol creatinine. A univariable correlation test showed a significant positive correlation between uP1 and %VC ( r = 0.356, P = 0.049). Also, a multiple regression analysis, when adjusted for age, disease duration, FEV1.0% and %VC, showed a significant correlation of uP1 with %VC ( β = 0.467, P = 0.030). Conclusion: The results suggest that a decreased uP1, corroborated by a decreased %VC, may be the result of damage to secretory cells. Measurement of uP1 may become a possible index of fibrotic changes in pneumoconiosis.
Serum free light chains; the need to establish local reference intervals
Authors: Pattenden Rebecca J , Rogers Stephen Y , Wenham Philip R 
Published: October 2007

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare The Binding Site serum free light chain assay on two analytical platforms; the Dade Behring BNII and the Olympus AU400. Reference intervals were subsequently established on each analyser. Methods: In total, 112 serum samples routinely submitted to the laboratory for protein electrophoresis were used for the comparison study. Reference interval data was generated from 126 ostensibly healthy anonymous individuals. Results: Serum free light chain results on the BNII and AU400 analysers are not directly comparable. The BNII produces results which are significantly higher than the AU400. Conclusions: Laboratories using The Binding Site serum free light chain assay are strongly advised to establish local reference intervals.
Evaluation of immunoturbidimetric specific protein methods using the Architect ci8200: comparison with immunonephelometry
Authors: Denham Elizabeth , Mohn Barbara , Tucker Linda , Lun Andrea , Cleave Peter , Boswell D Ross 
Published: October 2007

Background: Specific proteins have traditionally been analyzed using methodologies such as immunonephelometry on specialized analyzers. It is now possible to perform specific protein testing on clinical chemistry analyzers using immunoturbidimetry. Performance characteristics of turbidimetric assays for eight common specific proteins were evaluated against a nephelometric method. Methods: The Abbott Architect ci8200 and the Beckman Immage were used to perform IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4, haptoglobin, and transferrin testing. Abbott, Sentinel and Roche reagents were used to perform CRP testing on the ci8200. The specific protein assays were evaluated for precision, linearity, limit of detection, functional sensitivity, method comparison, prozone, and workflow. Results: Total precision for the immunoturbidimetric assays was consistently better than 2% CV and linear throughout the dynamic range of the assays (recovery ± 10% of target values). The limits of detection, functional sensitivities, and accuracy (as determined by performance against target values for proficiency testing samples and reference materials) are suitable for clinical purposes. Method comparison, as determined by correlation coefficients, and performance against proficiency testing samples, demonstrated good agreement between the turbidimetric and nephelometric tests. Both the turbidimetric and nephelometric assays provided reliable results under conditions of antigen excess. Specific protein test requests could be consolidated within our routine chemistry workload without impacting analytical test throughput. Conclusions: As demonstrated by their performance characteristics, the Architect ci8200 immunoturbidimetric specific protein assays are suitable for routine use and correlate well with representative immunonephelometric assays on the Beckman Immage analyzer. The ability to perform specific protein analyses on an integrated clinical chemistry/immunoassay system can allow for consolidation of testing on a single platform, resulting in improved laboratory operations efficiency.
Establishing a Simple and Sustainable Quality Assurance Program and Clinical Chemistry Services in Eritrea
Authors: Scott Mitchell G , Morin Susan , Hock Karl G , Seyoum Melles , Ladenson Jack H 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Background: As chronic diseases become more prevalent in developing nations, establishment of sustainable clinical chemistry services will become increasingly important. The complexity of automated instruments, coupled with a lack of resources and skilled workers, will present a challenge for these countries.
Methods: A system emphasizing simplified instrumentation, single source reagents, technical education and support, and simple QC algorithms was established in the small African nation of Eritrea. The same reagents were used on different analyzers, as well as the same lot numbers of QC material. To allow traceability of Eritrea results to an accredited US laboratory, the reagents and QC materials were identical to those used in a large university hospital in the US, and patient samples were frequently exchanged between locations.
Results: QC values for 23 clinical chemistry tests in the Eritrean National Health Laboratory compared well to values obtained in the US, showing some statistically different values but no clinically significant differences. QC values were also stable over time in Eritrea. Patient sample values from Eritrea correlated well to values from the US, with r values ranging from 0.71 to 0.99. For 9 chemistry tests, small regional laboratories in Eritrea produced QC and patient values that usually compared well to those from the Eritrea National Health Laboratory, but markedly discrepant values were occasionally observed that prompted investigation.
Conclusion: A simple but sustainable national laboratory system has been established in the developing nation of Eritrea.
Retinol-Binding Protein Stability in Dried Blood Spots
Authors: Fujita Masako , Brindle Eleanor , Shofer Jane , Ndemwa Philip , Kombe Yeri , Shell-Duncan Bettina , O’Connor Kathleen A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Background: Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is accepted as a surrogate biochemical marker for retinol to determine vitamin A (VA) status. A recently developed enzyme immunoassay for RBP uses serum or whole blood stored as dried blood spots (DBS). However, the stability of RBP in DBS has not been examined.
Methods: RBP stability was studied in a laboratory and in field conditions in northern Kenya. For the laboratory study, 63 DBS collected by finger prick and stored sealed in a plastic bag with desiccant were exposed to 1 of 5 time/storage-temperature treatments: (a) baseline, (b) 30 °C/7 days, (c) 30 °C/14 days, (d) 30 °C/28 days, and (e) 4 °C/38 days. Baseline RBP concentrations were compared to those obtained after the storage treatments. For the field study, 50 paired DBS and serum specimens were prepared from venous blood obtained in northern Kenya. DBS were stored in a sealed plastic bag with desiccant at ambient temperature (12 °C–28 °C) for 13–42 days, and sera were stored at −20 °C to −70 °C. Recovered RBP concentrations were compared with serum retinol for stability, correlation, sensitivity, and specificity.
Results: RBP in DBS stored in the laboratory at 30 °C remained stable for 2–4 weeks, but specimens stored at 4 °C for 38 days produced values below baseline (P = 0.001). DBS stored under field conditions remained stable for 2–6 weeks, as demonstrated by good correlation with serum retinol, a result that suggests that RBP in DBS will have good sensitivity and specificity for predicting VA deficiency.
Conclusion: RBP in DBS can withstand storage at a relatively high ambient temperature and thus facilitate accurate VA assessments in populations in locations where serum collection and storage are unfeasible.
Impact of a Multidisciplinary Intervention for Diabetes in Eritrea
Authors: Windus David W , Ladenson Jack H , Merrins Cindy K , Seyoum Melles , Windus Debra , Morin Susan , Tewelde Beyene , Parvin Curtis A , Scott Mitchell G , Goldfeder Jason 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Background: When hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing was made available to diabetic patients in the nation of Eritrea, the majority of values were markedly increased. As a result, a multidisciplinary clinical education program was instituted in Eritrea and the rate of HbA1c testing was increased to monitor progress.
Methods: In February 2003, a cooperative diabetes project was initiated in Eritrea to train diabetes educators, enhance physician education, create patient-teaching materials, and promote glucose monitoring. Two additional visits were made in 2003 and 2004. HbA1c values from January 2003 to November 2004 (n = 3606) were reviewed to assess diabetic control for the population and for a subset of individual patients (n = 350). A cohort of 209 diabetic persons were evaluated for demographics, treatment, and prevalence of complications.
Results: The cohort of 209 patients was 34% female and had a mean (SD) age of 50.5 (15.5) years and diabetes duration of 8.6 (6.3) years. Prevalence of hypertension was 37% and proteinuria 6%. For diabetes treatment, 59% received insulin therapy, 35% received oral agents, and 6% received nonpharmacologic treatment. HbA1c values improved significantly between the 1st 6 months of 2003 (median 10.9%) and the last 6 months of 2004 (median 8.5%; P &lt;0.001). Individual patients in whom 2 HbA1c values were measured ≥3 months apart showed a significant mean decrease of 0.5% (P &lt;0.001).
Conclusions: Our experience suggests that the combination of sustainable upgraded laboratory services and training in clinical management leads to sustainable improvement in diabetes care in developing countries.
Mating Systems and the Efficacy of Selection at the Molecular Level
Authors: Glémin Sylvain 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMating systems are thought to play a key role in molecular evolution through their effects on effective population size (Ne) and effective recombination rate. Because of reduced Ne, selection in self-fertilizing species is supposed to be less efficient, allowing fixation of weakly deleterious alleles or lowering adaptation, which may jeopardize their long-term evolution. Relaxed selection pressures in selfers should be detectable at the molecular level through the analyses of the ratio of nonsynonymous and synonymous divergence, Dn/Ds, or the ratio of nonsynonymous and synonymous polymorphism, πn/πs. On the other hand, selfing reveals recessive alleles to selection (homozygosity effect), which may counterbalance the reduction in Ne. Through population genetics models, this study investigates which process may prevail in natural populations and which conditions are necessary to detect evidence for relaxed selection signature at the molecular level in selfers. Under a wide range of plausible population and mutation parameters, relaxed selection against deleterious mutations should be detectable, but the differences between the two mating systems can be weak. At equilibrium, differences between outcrossers and selfers should be more pronounced using divergence measures (Dn/Ds ratio) than using polymorphism data (πn/πs ratio). The difference in adaptive substitution rates between outcrossers and selfers is much less predictable because it critically depends on the dominance levels of new advantageous mutations, which are poorly known. Different ways of testing these predictions are suggested, and implications of these results for the evolution of self-fertilizing species are also discussed.
Children of Mothers With HIV/AIDS: Unmet Needs for Mental Health Services
Authors: Bauman Laurie J. , Silver Ellen J. , Draimin Barbara H. , Hudis Jan 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to use multiple measures and sources to assess mental health over time in uninfected 8- to 12-year-old children of HIV-positive mothers.
METHODS. We recruited from the New York City Division of AIDS Services and Income Support a consecutive sample of 157 single mothers who were living with an HIV-negative child aged 8 to 12. Families were randomly assigned to receive a custody planning intervention, Project Care, or standard care. Data were collected at baseline and 4 subsequent times 6 months apart. Children completed the Children's Depression Inventory; 8- to 10-year-olds completed the Terry, and 11- to 12-year-olds completed the Youth Self-Report. Mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist. Each measure has a validated cutoff score to signify clinically significant symptoms.
RESULTS. All 5 data points were available on 129 (82%) children. During 2 years, every child had a score in the clinical range (12% once, 25% twice, 26% 3 times, 27% 4 times, and 9% all 5 times). Clinically significant symptoms were most likely at baseline when mothers were sickest. Few had clinically significant symptoms based on maternal report only (5%) or child report only (8%). Chronicity of clinically significant symptoms was not related to child age or gender, maternal health or depression, parent-child relationship, or being assigned to Project Care. Although two thirds of the children received mental health services during the study, &lt;25% did at any 1 time, and 28% of children with chronic clinically significant symptoms never received care.
CONCLUSIONS. Children who are affected by AIDS should be routinely screened for psychiatric problems by using multiple measures and sources to avoid underidentification and be carefully monitored long-term.
Effectiveness of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Children: Evaluation at 12 Months in a Routine Program in Cambodia
Authors: Janssens Bart , Raleigh Brian , Soeung Seithaboth , Akao Kazumi , Te Vantha , Gupta Jitendra , Chhy Vun Mean , Ford Nathan , Nouhin Janin , Nerrienet Eric 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE. Increasing access to highly active antiretroviral therapy to reach all those in need in developing countries (scale up) is slowly expanding to HIV-positive children, but documented experience remains limited. We aimed to describe the clinical, immunologic, and virologic outcomes of pediatric patients with &gt;12 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy in 2 routine programs in Cambodia.
METHODS. Between June 2003 and March 2005, 212 children who were younger than 13 years started highly active antiretroviral therapy. Most patients started a standard first-line regimen of lamivudine, stavudine, and nevirapine, using split adult fixed-dosage combinations. CD4 percentage and body weight were monitored routinely. A cross-sectional virologic analysis was conducted in January 2006; genotype resistance testing was performed for patients with a detectable viral load.
RESULTS. Mean age of the subjects was 6 years. Median CD4 percentage at baseline was 6. Survival was 92% at 12 months and 91% at 24 months; 13 patients died, and 4 were lost to follow-up. A total of 81% of all patients had an undetectable viral load. Among the patients with a detectable viral load, most mutations were associated with resistance to lamivudine and non–nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor drugs. Five patients had developed extensive antiretroviral resistance. Being an orphan was found to be a predictor of virologic failure.
CONCLUSIONS. This study provides additional evidence of the effectiveness of integrating HIV/AIDS care with highly active antiretroviral therapy for children in a routine setting, with good virologic suppression and immunologic recovery achieved by using split adult fixed-dosage combinations. Viral load monitoring and HIV genotyping are valuable tools for the clinical follow-up of the patients. Orphans should receive careful follow-up and extra support.