bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Barriers to Early Hearing Diagnosis
Authors: Findlen Ursula M. , Gerth Holly , Zemba Angie , Schuller Nicole , Guerra Gina , Vaughan Chloe , Brimmer Madeline , Benedict Jason 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
Many factors create barriers for early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI), especially those related to unfavorable social determinants of health (SDOH). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic timing of infants at risk for congenital hearing loss in consideration of known barriers. Understanding the specific barriers to early diagnosis can inform interventions to improve timeliness of diagnosis and subsequent habilitation.

Method:
A retrospective chart review was completed for infants referred for diagnostic audiologic testing at a tertiary urban-setting Children's Hospital from 2018 to 2021. After exclusion criteria were applied, 1,488 infants were included in the analysis. Various factors were recorded from electronic medical records including those specific to SDOH. Time to diagnosis was derived and compared across five factors of interest that have previously been shown to impact diagnostic timeline, including (a) insurance type, (b) race/ethnicity, (c) presence of middle ear dysfunction at first auditory brainstem response (ABR), (d) proximity to diagnostic center, and (e) diagnostic timing before and during/after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
Across the study time period, 77% of infants referred for diagnostic testing had confirmed diagnosis by the EHDI benchmark of 3 months. Analysis of time to diagnosis across factors of interest revealed no clinically significant differences for insurance type, race/ethnicity, proximity to diagnostic center, or timing in reference to the COVID-19 pandemic. Presence of middle ear dysfunction on first ABR was found to significantly protract final diagnostic timing.

Conclusions:
Although some known barriers for EHDI can be universal, other factors may have a differential impact on an infant's timeline to diagnosis based on their specific location, which can interact differently with additional known barriers. Understanding local challenges will serve to better guide programs in implementing facilitators that will address their specific needs for improved outcomes.
Attention‐generative adversarial networks for simulating rain field
Authors: Li Chen , Zhao Zheng Yang , Li Jia , Guo Ye Cai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of rain fields is essential in multiple research fields and applications, including Single‐image Derain. However, there is a lack of research on simulated rain fields, and the existing rain field generation models struggle to capture complex spatial distributions and generate truly random rain fields. To address this, the authors propose a generative adversarial networks‐based rain field generation network, which consists of a generator, a discriminator, and a feature extraction block that can produce realistic and complex rain fields. The authors’ experiments demonstrate that this method achieves an average Frechet Inception Distance score of 0.035, and user studies indicate that the generated rain distribution looks naturally.
HAB‐Net: Hierarchical asymmetric convolution and boundary enhancement network for brain tumor segmentation
Authors: Hu Yuanjing , Huang Aibin , Xu Rui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBrain tumour segmentation (BTS) is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning by delineating tumour boundaries and subregions in multi‐modality bio‐imaging data. Several BTS models have been proposed to address specific technical challenges encountered in this field. However, accurately capturing intricate tumour structures and boundaries remains a difficult task. To overcome this challenge, HAB‐Net, a model that combines the strengths of convolutional neural networks and transformer architectures, is presented. HAB‐Net incorporates a custom‐designed hierarchical and pseudo‐convolutional module called hierarchical asymmetric convolutions (HAC). In the encoder, a coordinate attention is included to extract feature maps. Additionally, swin transformer, which has a self‐attention mechanism, is integrated to effectively capture long‐range relationships. Moreover, the decoder is enhanced with a boundary attention module (BAM) to improve boundary information and overall segmentation performance. Extensive evaluations conducted on the BraTS2018 and BraTS2021 datasets demonstrate significant improvements in segmentation accuracy for tumour regions.
Electromagnetic radiation estimation at the ground plane near fifth‐generation base stations in China by using machine learning method
Authors: Shi Dan , Li Wanqing , Cui Keyi , Lian Cheng , Liu Xiaoyong , Qi Zheng , Xu Hui , Zhou Juejia , Liu Zhao , Zhang Hua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA novel method based on machine learning is proposed to estimate the electromagnetic radiation level at the ground plane near fifth‐generation (5G) base stations. The machine learning model was trained using data from various 5G base stations, enabling it to estimate the electric field intensity at any arbitrary radiation point when the base station provides service to different numbers of 5G terminals which are in different service modes. The inputs required for the model include the transmit power of the antenna, the antenna gain, the distance between the 5G base station and 5G terminals, terminal service modes, the number of 5G terminals and the environmental complexity around the 5G base station. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the estimation method, with the mean absolute percentage error of the machine learning model being approximately 5.98%. This level of accuracy showcases the reliability of the approach. Moreover, the proposed method offers low costs when compared with on‐site measurements. The estimated results can be utilised to reduce test costs and provide valuable guidance for optimal site selection, thereby facilitating radio wave coverage or electromagnetic radiation regulation of 5G base stations.
Update: Herzinsuffizienz mit erhaltener Pumpfunktion
Authors: Morbach Caroline , Störk Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Was ist neu?
Diagnosestellung Die 2021 erschienene Herzinsuffizienz-Leitlinie der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (ESC) hat die Diagnosestellung etwas vereinfacht. Sie listet die Diagnosekriterien gleichwertig, ohne das Vorliegen einer bestimmten Anzahl von Kriterien zu fordern.
Ätiologie Eine Expertengruppe der Herzinsuffizienz-Vereinigung (HFA: Heart Failure Association) und der Rhythmus-Vereinigung (EHRA: European Heart Rhythm Association) der ESC sowie der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Hypertonie unternahm den Versuch, durch detaillierte Phänotypisierung pathophysiologisch und therapeutisch distinkte Profile an HFpEF-Patienten herauszuarbeiten.
Therapie In einem unlängst erschienenen Update der Leitlinie wurden auf der Basis neu gewonnener Evidenz erstmals konkrete Empfehlungen zur Pharmakotherapie der HFpEF formuliert. Die Kontrolle der Risikofaktoren und ein gesunder Lebensstil bleiben weiterhin von großer therapeutischer Bedeutung.
Lebertransplantation – Die deutschsprachige Leitlinie der DGVS und DGAV
Authors: Bruns Tony , Aehling Niklas , Bechstein Wolf Otto , Becker Thomas , Trautwein Christian , Berg Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Was ist neu?Mit der S2k-Leitlinie „Lebertransplantation“ steht erstmals eine deutschsprachige konsensbasierte Leitlinie zur Verfügung, um die Diagnostik und Therapie vor und nach Lebertransplantation zu standardisieren und zu verbessern. Ziel der Leitlinie ist es, einen Handlungskorridor für häufige klinische Entscheidungen zu etablieren, um eine konsistente und qualitativ hochwertige Patientenversorgung zu sichern.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in Diagnostik, Therapie und Versorgung bei Patient*innen mit axialer Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Haibel Hildrun , Rademacher Judith , Rodriguez Valeria Rios , Labinsky Hannah , Kiltz Uta 
Published: February 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei der axialen Spondyloarthritis gibt es geschlechtsbezogene Unterschiede bei verschiedenen Aspekten der Erkrankung. Patientinnen werden später als Patienten diagnostiziert, müssen mehr Arztbesuche in Kauf nehmen, haben weniger häufig eine röntgenologische Progression hin zur radiografischen axialen Spondyloarthritis, haben mehr und ausgedehntere Schmerzen und leiden häufiger unter peripherer Arthritis und Enthesitis. Sie haben in der Bildgebung mehr Differenzialdiagnosen. In der Therapie sprechen Frauen weniger gut an als Männer und verbleiben auf Therapien weniger lange. Frühere Diagnose, besseres Erkennen der Symptome und eine frühe Einleitung der Therapie könnten die Situation verbessern.
Effects of a commercial feed additive used for prophylactic purposes
on health and blood parameters in neonatal calves
Authors: Köse Samet , Şehu Adnan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective Neonatal calf diarrhea is commonly observed worldwide and leads
to significant economic losses. The objective of this study was to investigate
the effect of a feed additive supplemented with milk on the incidence of
diarrhea days with scours, fecal score, average daily gain, fecal bacterial
concentration, and blood parameters in neonatal calves.
Materials and methods Forty Holstein-Friesian crossbreed (HF x
Montbeliarde) calves were divided into control (C) and experimental (E) groups,
each containing 20 calves. The study was conducted over a period of 10 days. The
control group was fed whole milk twice daily. The experimental group was fed the
same whole milk supplemented with feed additive once in the morning at 100
g/calf/day.
Results At the end of the study, it was determined that the feed additive
in the milk affected fecal score, blood pH, pCO2,
cHCO3
-, K+, cHgb, and plasma
glucose levels (p<0.05), but did not affect the incidence of diarrhea,
average daily gain, days with scours, and other blood parameters
(p>0.05). Rotavirus was the main pathogen found in the fecal samples of
calves with diarrhea. Higher concentrations of Escherichia coli,
Salmonella spp., and Clostridium perfringens were detected in
the feces of experimental calves (p<0.001).
Conclusion and clinical relevance The findings indicate that this feed
additive improves fecal score, some blood parameters, and fecal concentration of
pathogenic bacteria in feces. Additionally, it shows a favorable effect on both
diarrhea incidence and the days with scours, suggesting its potential efficacy
in preventing diarrhea in neonatal calves. Preventing diarrhea during this
crucial stage of life can contribute to the health and productivity of animals
and play a role in preventing antibiotic resistance by reducing reliance on
antibiotics.
Vergiftung mit Cumarinderivaten beim Hund: Retrospektive Analyse
klinischer und labordiagnostischer Daten
Authors: Frommeyer Anna , Mischke Reinhard 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel In dieser retrospektiven Studie wurden Patientenakten
von mit Cumarinderivaten vergifteten Hunden ausgewertet, um das klinische Bild
genauer zu charakterisieren.
Material und Methoden Dazu erfolgte eine retrospektive Analyse der Daten
von 52 Hunden mit hämostaseologisch nachgewiesener Intoxikation mit
Cumarinderivaten, die in der Klinik für Kleintiere stationär
zwischen September 2011 und Oktober 2018 behandelt wurden.
Ergebnisse Bei nur 2 Hunden (4%) konnte eine Giftaufnahme sicher
beobachtet werden. Die häufigsten beobachteten Symptome waren ein
reduziertes Allgemeinverhalten (79%), Blässe der Schleimhaut
(79%), Anorexie (60%) und Dyspnoe/Tachypnoe
(60%). Makroskopisch sichtbare innere und äußere
Blutungen traten hingegen seltener auf. Initial zeigte sich in allen
Fällen eine hochgradig veränderte Prothrombinzeit sowie bei den
meisten Patienten eine deutlich verlängerte aktivierte partielle
Thromboplastinzeit. Eine Anämie lag bei 75% der Patienten vor.
Alle in die Studie aufgenommenen Hunde wurden initial mit
10 mg/kg Vitamin K1 intravenös behandelt. Zur
Prophylaxe einer möglichen Unverträglichkeitsreaktion erfolgte
eine Vorbehandlung mit 1 mg/kg Prednisolon. Kein Patient zeigte
Anzeichen einer anaphylaktoiden Reaktion. Transfusionen von Vollblut oder
Erythrozytenkonzentrat bekamen nur 10 der 52 Tiere; nur eines 2
Erythrozytentransfusionen. 94% der Tiere konnten nach einer medianen
Klinikaufenthaltsdauer von 3 Tagen (1–9 Tage) mit physiologischen oder
annähernd physiologischen Gerinnungszeiten zur ambulanten Therapie nach
Hause entlassen werden.
Schlussfolgerung Die Cumarinintoxikation ist oft verbunden mit
unspezifischen Symptomen und besitzt bei adäquater Therapie eine gute
Prognose.
Klinische Relevanz Bei unklaren Erkrankungsfällen ist immer eine
Gerinnungsdiagnostik indiziert. Bei lebensbedrohlichen Notfällen stellt
die unverzügliche intravenöse Infusion von hochdosiertem Vitamin
K1 eine sehr effektive Behandlung dar und führt zu einem
raschen Anstieg der Gerinnungsfaktoraktivität.
Was erwartet mich und mein Kind?
Authors: Meißner Yvette 
Published: February 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Entscheidung, eine Familie zu gründen, stellt Frauen mit entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen (ERE) vor Herausforderungen, die solche von Frauen ohne chronische Krankheit übersteigen. Das Spannungsfeld zwischen der eigenen und der kindlichen Gesundheit kann zu Konflikten und emotionalen Belastungen führen. Die rheumatische Grunderkrankung nimmt eine wesentliche Rolle in der Entscheidungsfindung rund um Kinderwunsch und Schwangerschaft ein. Krankheitsverlauf und -management und die Auswirkung der ERE auf die Schwangerschaft sind Themen, die Betroffene beschäftigen. Die stärksten Ängste der Frauen im Hinblick auf die Schwangerschaft stehen im Zusammenhang mit der Arzneimitteltherapie und dem potenziellen Risiko, die embryonale oder fetale Entwicklung negativ zu beeinflussen. Betroffene schätzen die Sicherheit von Medikamenten oft anders ein als die rheumatologisch betreuenden Ärzt*innen. Hinzu kommt, dass Gynäkolog*innen häufig ebenfalls keine Erfahrung mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen und deren Therapien haben. Aus diesen Gründen haben rheumatisch erkrankte Frauen einen erheblichen Bedarf an individuellen, umfassenden und aktuellen Informationen rund um Schwangerschaft und Geburt vor dem Hintergrund ihrer Grunderkrankung, der oftmals nicht ausreichend gedeckt wird. Sorgen und Ängste sollten ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der individuellen Beratung von Frauen mit ERE sein, die schwanger werden wollen oder bereits schwanger sind. Informierte Frauen haben bessere Chancen, die komplexen Herausforderungen einer Schwangerschaft trotz ihrer chronischen Erkrankung zu meistern.
Hepatic Dysfunction during Induction Chemotherapy in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoblastic Lymphoma and Its Effects on Subsequent Therapy and Outcome
Authors: Reddy Nalla Anuraag , Raj Keerthi , Lashkari Harsha Prasada 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction The overall survival rate for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) has shown tremendous growth in the recent years. Hepatic dysfunction is one of the complications seen during therapy and can add to the underlying morbidity of the disease, delay in chemotherapy, modification of drugs, and rarely fulminant hepatic failure.
Objective This article aims to find out the prevalence of hepatic dysfunction during induction chemotherapy for ALL and LBL.
Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study, where the data of all children between 1 and 18 years of age with ALL and LBL treated at our center as per the UK-ALL 2003 protocol between December 2013 and December 2021 have been included from the medical records. Hepatic dysfunction was defined as grade 3 and 4 alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0 and hyperbilirubinemia as ≥ 1.4 mg/dL as the chemotherapy modification begins at this cutoff. Data from children with hepatic dysfunction was compared with those without hepatic dysfunction using chi-squared test and Student's t-tests. Those variables with a p-value of < 0.2 were analyzed with multivariate regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were used to calculate the event-free survival (EFS).
Results A total of 142 children were included in the study. Thirty-one (21.8%) children developed hepatic dysfunction, 14 (9.9%) of them with ALT/AST elevation and 27 (19%) with bilirubin elevation. Weight (mean 25 ± 13.5, p 0.01), body surface area (mean 0.87 ± 0.29, p 0.02), and National Cancer Institute high risk (p 0.005) were associated with hepatic dysfunction in univariate analysis but none of them were significant in multivariate regression analysis. Treatment modification was required in 14/31 children with hepatic dysfunction. Death in induction was more among children with hepatic dysfunction (p < 0.001). There was no significant impact on minimal residual disease outcomes. Five-year EFS (death or relapse) was 59.93 ± 9% in children with hepatic dysfunction as opposed to 72 ± 5.0% in those without hepatic dysfunction (95% confidence interval, p = 0.07).
Conclusion One in five children with ALL and LBL on induction therapy developed hepatic dysfunction. Almost half of those with hepatic dysfunction required chemotherapy modifications.
Machine Learning to Predict Length of Stay Following Revision Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Johnson Keir , Orfanos Alex , Chen Elizabeth , Cohen Eric 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPredicting length of stay (LOS) for revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) remains challenging due to the complexity of cases and increased complication rates compared with primary total hip arthroplasty. Artificial intelligence may play a role in predicting LOS after rTHA. This study aims to develop a machine learning model to predict LOS in rTHA patients based on preoperative and intraoperative factors. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify patients undergoing a rTHA between 2012 and 2018. The data were used to train both random forest machine and logistic regression machine learning models to predict short LOS (≤ 1 day) or long LOS (≥ 2 days). Statistical analysis was performed to analyze differences between short and long LOS groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios associated with long LOS. A total of 4,228 patients were identified in this analysis with a mean postoperative LOS of 3.69 days. Preoperative features associated with a short LOS included male sex, noninfectious revision, spinal anesthesia, later year of operation, younger age, smoking history, and lower body mass index. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to measure model performance for the random forest model and logistic regression model as 0.76 and 0.78, respectively. The machine learning model presented here was able to reasonably predict LOS for revision hip arthroplasty showing promise for use as patient selection tool to identify short LOS patients.
Overlapping spaces and identities in Quiara Alegría Hudes’s Water by the Spoonful: a metatheatrical approach
Authors: Khaled Ahmed Abdulkhair Abulmagd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the overlapping relationship between setting diversification and character creation as experimented by Puerto Rican American playwright Quiara Alegría Hudes (1977–) in her metatheatrical dramaWater by the Spoonful(2011). The play, which emerges in a second chronological order in Hudes’s so-called Elliot Trilogy, presents diasporic characters of different ethnicities and mixed cultural backgrounds as operating interactively within three different, though intersecting, realms or spaces: the real world, virtual cyberspace, and metaphysical space. The real world of the play features interacting Puerto Rican Americans, Japanese Americans, African Americans, and White Americans in a way that highlights their ethnocultural diversity in real American, Puerto Rican, and Japanese settings. Some of these binational, bilingual, and bicultural characters, who belong to different generations (20 s, 30 s, 40 s, 50 s), also occupy, and actually favor, the virtual realm or cyberspace of the internet where they assume unreal identities but negotiate real issues spurred by real life circumstances and reveal secrets about themselves and their families through online group therapy sessions. The metaphysical space is used as a magical realist element and is exclusively reserved by Hudes for exposing her Puerto Rican American characters’ restless spiritual and mental struggle with the obsessive feelings of nostalgia, homesickness, regret, and displacement. The three realms or spaces intersect and collide in a way that determines the social attitudes and psychological moods of diasporic characters.
Charge exchange of slow highly charged ions from an electron beam ion trap with surfaces and 2D materials
Authors: Niggas A , Werl M , Aumayr F , Wilhelm R A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Electron beam ion traps allow studies of slow highly charged ion transmission through freestanding 2D materials as an universal testbed for surface science under extreme conditions. Here we review recent studies on charge exchange of highly charged ions in 2D materials. Since the interaction time with these atomically thin materials is limited to only a few femtoseconds, an indirect timing information will be gained. We will therefore discuss the interaction separated in three participating time regimes: energy deposition (charge exchange), energy release (secondary particle emission), and energy retention (material modification).
Skyrmion based universal logic gates and computation operation
Authors: Wats Satwik , Saha Susmita 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Swirling spin configurations with a non-trivial topological state are popularly known as magnetic skyrmions. They are often observed in magnetic thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI). Due to their small size and non-collinear spin texture, they are being considered as a potential candidate for spintronic devices such as data storage devices, and logic-based devices. These skyrmions have distinct properties and interactions, that can be utilized to control their movement by applying an external electric current. In this work, we have successfully demonstrated the operation of skyrmion-based universal NAND and NOR logic gates. We have further performed arithmetic addition of two and three single-bit by using a half and full adder, fabricated based on the XOR and AND gates. We have observed that the presence of only uniform DMI is not enough to achieve all logic operations. The presence of a negative DMI at the edges is crucial in achieving proper logic operations. The findings are very important for the realization of skyrmion-based logic and computational operations.