bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis: Effect of vaccination with live Pasteurella species
Authors: Panciera R. J. , Corstvet R. E. , Confer A. W. , Gresham C. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis was induced in beef calves by a transthoracic challenge exposure with Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 or P multocida type 3. Challenge exposure lesions were quantified by a lesion scoring system based on size and extension of lesions with larger scores assigned to the more severe lesions. Calves inoculated with live Pasteurella sp by aerosol or parenteral routes developed high serum antibody titers to the homologous organism, as determined by a quantitative fluorometric procedure. Mean lesion scores were approximately 2 to 20 times higher in control than those in vaccinated calves. There was a significant correlation (P < 0.05) between high serum antibody titers at the time of challenge exposure and a low lesion score in 4 of 6 experiments.
Application of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of platelet antibodies in dogs
Authors: Campbell Karen L. , George Jeanne Wright , Greene Craig E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect serum antibodies reactive to canine platelets. The method used an anti-canine immunoglobulin G horseradish peroxidase conjugate, O-dianisidine, as a water-soluble chromagen, and pooled platelets as a temporary antibody support. The elisa was compared with a conventional immunoinjury method measuring the accelerating effect of platelet factor 3 on coagulation. The elisa was more sensitive in the detection of antiplatelet antibodies in canine patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Serial dilution of rabbit anti-canine platelet serum revealed a positive correlation between the strength of the antiserum and the degree of color measured spectophotometrically, indicating that the absorbance value may be useful in estimating the amount of antibody present in the serum in indirect tests and on the platelets in direct tests.
Pathogenicity studies of feline coronavirus isolates 79-1146 and 79-1683
Authors: Pedersen Niels C. , Evermann James F. , McKeirnan Alison J. , Ott Richard L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two feline coronavirus isolates were characterized by their disease-causing potential in cats. The 79-1683 feline coronavirus isolate caused an inapparent-to-mild enteritis when given oronasally to specific-pathogen-free kittens and was not a cause of feline infectious peritonitis (fip). Target tissues for the virus were the mature apical epithelium of the small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, and (to a lesser extent) the lungs. Inoculated kittens shed high numbers of virus in their feces for 14 to 17 days, but remained infectious to susceptible kittens for longer periods of time, as evidenced by contactexposure studies. Because the 79-1683 isolate induced only enteritis, it was designated feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) 79-1683.
The 79-1146 feline coronavirus isolate induced effusive abdominal fip in specific-pathogen-free kittens after oronasal and intraperitoneal inoculation. Clinical signs of disease appeared within 12 to 14 days in almost all inoculated kittens. Because this isolate caused fip, it was designated fip virus (FIPV) 79-1146.
Cross-protective immunity was not induced by the various coronavirus infections. Kittens preimmunized with the UCD strain of FECV (FECV-UCD) or with FECV-79-1683 were not immune to infection with FIPV-79-1146. Likewise, kittens previously inoculated with FECV-79-1683 were not immune to infection with FIPV-UCD1. In fact, preexisting heterologous FECV-79-1683 immunity often accelerated and enhanced the severity of disease caused by inoculation with FIPV-UCD1, This enhancing effect was not seen, however, when FECV-UCD and FECV-79-1683 immune cats were challenge exposed with FIPV-79-1146. The FIPV-79-1146 caused disease only after an incubation period of 12 to 14 days, regardless of whether or not the kittens had preexisting feline coronavirus immunity and regardless of what FECV strain was used to induce that immunity. One kitten that recovered from FECV-79-1683 was immune to FIPV-79-1146 infection, and a second such kitten developed fip.
Characterization of antigenic variation among mink enteritis virus isolates
Authors: Parrish C. R. , Gorham J. R. , Schwartz T. M. , Carmichael L. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three antigenic forms of natural field isolates of mink enteritis virus were revealed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies generated against the closely studied feline panleukopenia virus and canine parvovirus-2 virus. Two types (types 2 and 3) were shown to be closely related by agar-gel precipitin tests and by restriction enzyme mapping. However, types 2 and 3 differed from the type 1 isolates in the same tests. In cross-protection studies, inactivated viral vaccines made from any one of the 3 variant types of mink enteritis virus protected mink against challenge exposure by the homologous, as well as the heterologous, antigenic types.
Relationship between fertility and blood glucose and cholesterol concentrations in Holstein cows
Authors: Kappel L. C. , Ingraham R. H. , Morgan E. B. , Zeringue Laura , Wilson Deborah , Babcock D. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Jugular blood samples were collected prepartum and postpartum from 97 Holstein cows and heifers. Samples were analyzed for total serum cholesterol and plasma glucose. Plasma samples taken 4, 11, 18, and 25 days postpartum were also analyzed for progesterone. Concentrations of cholesterol, glucose, and progesterone were evaluated in relation to summer- and winter-calving seasons, milk production, lactation number, days-to-conception, number of postcalving uterine infusions given, and time relative to calving. A temperature-humidity index was used as a covariate in the analysis to adjust the data for climatic effects so that seasonal effects other than temperature and humidity could be determined.
Average plasma glucose was within the normal range (62 ± 8 mg/dl). It increased before calving and then declined to a minimum value between 11 and 25 days postpartum. Glucose then increased after 25 days for the summer-calving group and remained relatively stable for the winter-calving cows. Blood glucose concentrations were inversely related to milk production. Negative correlations existed between milk production and plasma glucose at days 4, 11, 18, 25, and 39 postpartum. First-lactation heifers had higher blood glucose levels than cows in their second or later lactation. Blood glucose concentrations were not related to days-to-conception over both seasons.
Average serum cholesterol was within the normal range (125 ± 29 mg/dl). It decreased before calving and then increased for 88 days after calving. Summer-calving cows had higher serum cholesterol concentrations prepartum and winter-calving cows had higher concentrations from 39 through 88 days postpartum. Cholesterol concentrations were directly related to milk production from 25 through 88 days postpartum. Cows in their second lactation had higher cholesterol concentrations than firstcalf heifers on 9 of 12 sampling days. Cows in their third or later lactation had intermediate cholesterol concentrations. Days-to-conception was inversely related to serum cholesterol. Cholesterol values were not related to number of postcalving uterine infusions. Plasma progesterone was positively correlated with cholesterol in the summer-calving group.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using monoclonal antibody, to detect enterotoxic Escherichia coli K99 antigen in feces of dairy calves
Authors: Holley Deborah L. , Allen Stanley D. , Barnett Bill B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A modified, double-antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect the K99 pilus antigen of enterotoxic Escherichia coli (etec) in feces of calves. Extremely high positive to negative ratios (> 200) were obtained by using monoclonal antisera as the primary antibody. Strong positive reactions were obtained with strains of E coli known to produce the K99 antigen; however, nonenteropathogenic E coli (strains not producing the K99 antigen), Salmonella, Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and rotavirus produced negative results.
Seventy-five fecal samples, 8 from healthy calves and 67 from calves with neonatal calf diarrhea were examined with the K99 elisa for the presence of etec. Rotavirus test and fecal culture results were available on feces from calves with diarrhea and were used with the K99 elisa results to determine the specific cause of the disease. Enterotoxic E coli was the predominant agent detected in the feces of 29 diarrheal calves < 5 days of age. Mixed infections of rotavirus and etec were also common in these calves, but rotavirus infections alone were not detected. In 38 calves ≥ 5 days, rotavirus was detected without etec. Of these calves, only 2 produced positive tests with the K99 elisa Salmonella sp and Proteus sp were detected from 5 of 67 calves with diarrhea.
Effect of prior natural exposure to Pasteurella haemolytica on resistance to experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis
Authors: Confer A. W. , Panciera R. J. , Fulton R. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of prior natural exposure to Pasteurella haemolytica, as determined serologically, was studied with respect to resistance to experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis in 20 calves from 3 experiments. Resistance to challenge exposure was measured using a lesion-scoring system. As measured by a quantitative fluorometric immunoassay, naturally acquired serum antibody titers to the organisms were 0 to 228. There was a significant correlation (P < 0.05) between high naturally acquired antibody titers and resistance to transthoracic challenge exposure with P haemolytica.
Specificity of pseudorabies virus serotests
Authors: Neill J. D. , Kelling C. L. , Rhodes M. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pigs experimentally inoculated with bovine herpesvirus-1 or equine herpesvirus-1 developed mild clinical disease signs. Regression of clinical disease was accompanied by development of specific virus-neutralizing antibodies. These antibodies did not react positively with pseudorabies antigens in the serumvirus neutralization test, an indirect radioimmunoassay, or a microimmunodiffusion test.
Detection of Corynebacterium equi-specific antibody in horses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Hietala S. K. , Ardans A. A. , Sansome A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay was developed to measure naturally occurring Corynebacterium equi specific antibody in horse serum. Antibody against C equi was demonstrated in normal adults and was passively transferred to foals. Adult levels of specific antibody were reached by 5 to 6 months of age in healthy foals. Decreased early antibody levels were demonstrated in a limited number of foals with confirmed C equi infection.
Fatigue characteristics and biocompatability of a totally implantable bone growth stimulator in ponies
Authors: Collier M. A. , Lowe J. E. , Rendano V. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Materials fatigue and gross biocompatability of an implantable bone growth stimulator (bgs) were assessed in a 6-month trial using 6 ponies. The forelegs of each pony were implanted with a bgs; the right leg implant had the cathode and cathode lead preconnected by the manufacturer, and the left leg implant was connected at surgery. Evaluation was by radiographic and clinical examination at the beginning and end of the experimental period. Six of the 12 cathode leads (50%) and 7 of the 12 cathodes (58%) were broken at 6 months. All of the implanted preconnected cathode and insulated cathode leads and 33.3% of the surgically connected cathodes and insulated cathode leads were connected at the titanium connector socket at 6 months. This bgs may exhibit wire fatigue > 50% of the time when used in the distal extremity of the horse.
Comparison of the pneumopathogenicity of two strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Potgieter L. N. D. , McCracken M. D. , Hopkins F. M. , Guy J. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pneumopathogenicity in calves of 2 strains of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, isolate 2724 (a noncytopathogenic virus) and isolate 72 (a cytopathogenic virus), was compared. All calves were inoculated endobronchially, using fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
Two calves were given Pasteurella haemolytica, 2 calves were given the noncytopathogenic bvd virus, and 2 calves were given cytopathogenic bvd virus. Five calves were inoculated sequentially with bvd virus and, 5 days later, with P haemolytica. Two of these calves were inoculated with the noncytopathogenic bvd virus and the other 3 with the cytopathogenic strain.
Both bvd virus strains caused marked respiratory tract disease in the calves sequentially inoculated with P haemolytica and also impaired pulmonary clearance of P haemolytica. However, the effect of the cytopathogenic strain was more severe than the noncytopathogenic strain, indicating that strains of bvd virus may vary in their pneumopathogenicity for calves.
Venous blood pressure relative to the development of bovine udder edema
Authors: Vestweber Jerome G. E. , Al-Ani Falah K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cranial superficial epigastric (milk vein) and jugular venous blood pressure were measured in 8 cows with udder edema and in 3 normal control cows at least 2 weeks before parturition, at parturition, and 2 weeks after parturition. Cows with udder edema had a significant mean increase (P ≤ 0.05) in cranial superficial epigastric venous pressure at parturition when compared with pressures 2 weeks prepartum and 2 weeks postpartum. Unaffected control cows had an insignificant increase in cranial superficial epigastric venous pressure during these 3 periods of measurement. There was an insignificant increase in jugular venous blood pressure during the 3 periods of measurement in affected and control cows. A correlation was observed between mammary blood flow and cranial superficial epigastric blood pressure at parturition (r = −0.659, P ≤ 0.05).
Adenosine triphosphatase activity in the carotid rete-cavernous sinus complex of sheep and goats
Authors: Khamas Wael A. , Ghoshal Nani G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The carotid rete-cavernous sinus structures of sheep and goats were frozen with liquid nitrogen or with Freon liquid spray and were cryosectioned at −20 C.
The main concentration of sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase was on the tunica intima, especially on the endothelial cells of rete branches and the cavernous sinus. Little reaction product was discernible in the tunica media and the tunica adventitia.
Antiepithelial autoantibodies associated with the feline eosinophilic granuloma complex
Authors: Gelberg H. B. , Lewis R. M. , Felsburg P. J. , Smith C. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A retrospective study of banked sera from 19 cats with the eosinophilic granuloma complex revealed that 68% of affected cats had circulating antibodies to components of normal cat epithelium. Seemingly, the eosinophilic granuloma complex of cats may be an autoimmune disease; however, epidermal damage caused by the eosinophilic granuloma complex may release altered self-antigens to which the cat's immune system responds.
Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed): Inability to cause renal toxicosis in rabbits
Authors: Schamber G. J. , Misek A. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Rabbits fed Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) did not develop lesions of renal toxicosis reported in other species fed this plant. In feeding trials using adult and weanling rabbits, A retroflexus did not produce indications of renal involvement in rabbits. In both trials, treated rabbits had increased weight loss when compared with controls; however, the weight loss was not attributed to a toxic effect, but to previously described decreased palatability of Amaranthus spp.
Comparative evaluation of a commercial microdilution method and a conventional disk diffusion method for determination of antibiograms of gram-positive cocci
Authors: Newman Susan S. , Roy Alma F. , Luther D. Gene , Hoskins Johnny D. , Cox Hollis Utah , Kearney Michael T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A commercial broth microdilution system for testing the antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-positive cocci was compared with the standardized disk agar-diffusion method by testing 254 clinical strains of staphylococci and streptococci using both methods. A total of 2,794 parallel determinations were made with 92.3% complete agreement between the 2 methods; of the discrepancies encountered, 3.0% were minor, 2.5% were major, and 2.1% were very major. The results indicate that the commercial microdilution system may provide a reliable quantitative method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates from animals.
Colonic motor responses in the pony: Relevance of colonic stimulation by opiate antagonists
Authors: Roger Th. , Bardon Th. , Ruckebusch Y. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The electrical and mechanical activity of the digestive tract and its response to the administration of opiate agonists and antagonists was assessed from electrodes and strain gauges chronically implanted on the jejunum and the cecocolonic segments in 3 ponies given a diet of hay and concentrates. Before the drugs were given, 10 to 17 migrating myoelectric complexes/day were recorded on the small intestine, and a rhythmic motor activity (base line) was observed on the proximal portion of the colon at the rate of 3.5 to 6.6/hour, Propagated contractions from the proximal to the distal portion of the colon occurred at the rate of 1.5 to 2.3/hour.
Each pony was used as its own control and was given morphine (0.5 or 1 mg/kg of body weight, iv) or fentanyl (0.01 or 0.05 mg, iv) at weekly intervals. After an early phase of inhibition of the overall activity that lasted from 0.5 to 3 hours, depending on the dose, the resting muscle tone of the colonic activity was increased for a dose-dependent period. Propagated contractions only reappeared at the end of this 2nd phase.
The opiate antagonist naloxone (0.5 mg/kg, iv) elicited a marked propulsive activity on the left replicated colonic segment, characterized by an increase in the number of propagated contractions. The N-methyl-quaternary analog of naloxone (methylnaloxone, which presumably entails selective action at opiate receptors outside the cns) was also effective, indicating peripheral effects at the dosage level used (0.5 mg/kg, iv). Seemingly, an inhibitory opioid system exists in the control of colonic motor function in ponies and the possible usefulness of opiate antagonists to relieve hypomotility resulting in colonic impaction and constipation.
Dairy herd problem with mastitis caused by a rapidly growing Mycobacterium species
Authors: Schultze W. Donald , Stroud Ben H. , Brasso William B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intramammary infections by a nonspeciated Mycobacterium of Runyon group IV increased in the dairy herd at the Beltsville, Md, Agricultural Research Center during 4 years, and were cultured from 9.7% of 300 quarter samples from clinical mastitis cases in 1982. The infection was mildly acute, without systemic involvement, and refractory to therapy but self-terminating, usually at the end of lactation. Invasion of the mammary gland commonly followed stress, either calving or previous clinical mastitis, and was most frequent in August and September. Transmission of this mycobacterial intramammary infection from cow to cow was far more likely in free-stall barns than in tie stalls, and seemed not to be associated with machine milking.
Adhesion of Corynebacterium renale and Corynebacterium pilosum to epithelial cells of bovine vulva
Authors: Hayashi A. , Yanagawa R. , Kida H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Corynebacterium renale and C pilosum adhered effectively to the epithelial cells of the bovine vulva; the numbers of these organisms that adhered to the vulval epithelial cells were 50 and 30/cell, respectively, which were several times as many as those that adhered to the uroepithelial cells. Of the epithelial cells of the vulva, cornified cells lacking nuclei bound more bacteria than did those with indistinct nuclei, indicating that adhesion of bacteria was most effective to the most aged cells. The marked adhesion of C renale and C pilosum to the epithelial cells of the vulva may indicate that the vulva is an important portal of entry of these bacteria.
Bovine-murine hybridoma that secretes bovine monoclonal antibody of defined specificity
Authors: Raybould T. J. G. , Crouch C. F. , McDougall L. J. , Watts T. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Spleen cells from a calf hyperimmunized with bovine enteric coronavirus were fused with nonproducer mouse plasmacytoma cells. Stable hybridoma lines secreting bovine immunoglobulins were obtained. One line secreted monoclonal bovine immunoglobulin G2, which reacted specifically with bovine enteric coronavirus in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, inhibited virus hemagglutination, and precipitated a structural polypeptide with a molecular weight of 26,000 daltons.
Relationship of upper and lower urinary tract infection and bacterial invasion of uroepithelium to antibody-coated bacteria test results in female dogs
Authors: Ling Gerald V. , Cullen John M. , Kennedy Peter C. , Ruby Annette L. , Brooks Dale L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Urinary tract infection was demonstrated in 12 female dogs via bacteriologic culture of a specimen of bladder urine collected by antepubic cystocentesis. Escherichia coli was isolated in pure culture from the urine of 9 dogs. Urine specimens from 2 dogs contained E coli and α-streptococci and from 1 dog contained Streptococcus zymogenes in pure culture. In 6 dogs, urinary tract infection was limited to the urinary bladder, whereas 6 dogs had unilateral or bilateral culture-positive renal pelvic urine as well (specimens collected by percutaneous nephropyelostomy). An antibody-coated bacteria (acb) test was conducted on a portion of the bladder urine specimen from each dog, and the urinary tissues from these 12 dogs and from 6 healthy, noninfected female dogs were examined at necropsy. Tissues were given a subjective score based on the severity of the lesions seen microscopically.
Histologic scores, bacterial cultural results, and acb test results were examined for significance. A significant difference was found in the histologic scores between infected and noninfected dogs (P < 0.025), but comparisons among histologic scores, cultural results, and acb test results were not significant among infected dogs. The acb test could neither be used to localize bacterial infection within the urinary tract nor could it be used to indicate the presence of bacterial invasion of the uroepithelium in dogs.
Effects of urinary bladder distension on the length of the dog and cat urethra
Authors: Johnston Gary R. , Osborne Carl A. , Jessen Carl R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Urethral lengths were determined in male and female cats and in female dogs from positive contrast retrograde urethrocystograms at 2 levels of urinary bladder distension. Urethral lengths were longer on urethrograms obtained after urinary bladder distension in female cats and in 7 of 8 female dogs. The intrapelvic and penile urethra were longer after bladder distension in 4 of 6 male cats. In female cats, urethral lengths significantly increased (P < 0.05) after urinary bladder distension.