bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA IN AMENORRHOEA - INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Bergh Torbjörn , Nillius Sven Johan , Wide Leif 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Prolactin concentrations in serum were determined in 287 women with amenorrhoea. The incidence of hyperprolactinaemia was 14.6 per cent. All but 4 of the 31 women with persistent hyperprolactinaemia had galactorrhoea. Radiological signs suggestive of a pituitary tumour were seen in 48 per cent of the hyperprolactinaemic women, while only 4.5 per cent of the 245 normoprolactinaemic women had abnormal sellar X-rays. All the patients with prolactin concentrations above 100 μg/I had radio-logically abnormal sellae, but lower prolactin levels did not rule out the existence of even large pituitary tumours. The hyperprolactinaemic women with normal and abnormal sellae and a control group of healthy women in the early follicular phase all had similar mean basal FSH and LH levels with one exception, the group with abnormal sellae had lower basal LH levels than the control group. There was no difference in the mean FSH and LH responses to LH-RH between the hyperprolactinaemic women with pathological sellae and the control group while the hyperprolactinaemic women with normal sellae had higher responses than the other two groups. Prolactin determinations were found to be superior to other pituitary hormone estimations for identifying patients who are at risk of having pituitary tumours.
ASSAYS FOR ANTIGEN-STIMULATED LYMPHOCYTE-DERIVED MIGRATION ENHANCEMENT AND INHIBITION FACTORS FROM PATIENTS WITH THYROID DISEASES AND THEIR RELATIVES
Authors: Matsui Yukio , Beall Gildon N. , Chopra Inder J. , Solomon David H. , Kruger Sally , Beall Marie 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cell-mediated immunity to thyroid antigens was studied by means of an assay for antigen-stimulated leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) in 5 groups of subjects: patients with Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, their relatives and normal controls. We also sought evidence for the possibility that the hypothesized migration enhancement factor (MEF) might be produced by lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune disorders.
We found little evidence of LIF production and none of MEF production by the leukocytes of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases upon exposure to thyroid antigens. Similarly, either no or only minimal amounts of LIF were demonstrated in culture supernatants of leukocytes of their immediate relatives.
HLA-BW35 AND B5 IN JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH GRAVES' DISEASE
Authors: Kawa A. , Nakamura S. , Nakazawa M. , Sakaguchi S. , Kawabata T. , Maeda Y. , Kanehisa T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thirty-three Japanese patients with Graves' disease and 106 healthy controls living in the Kagoshima area, the southernmost part of the Japanese mainland, were HLA typed by the NIH method. None of them were related to each other.
The only antigen showing an increased frequency in Japanese patients with Graves' disease was HLA-BW35 (corrected P < 0.02). A decreased frequency of B5 in the patients was also statistically significant (corrected P < 0.02).
TSH AND CATECHOLAMINES: INDEPENDENT EFFECTS ON ACTIVE TRANSPORT AND IODINE ORGANIFICATION IN ISOLATED THYROID CELLS
Authors: Maayan Morelly L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Catecholamines greatly stimulated iodine organification in thyroid
cells isolated by trypsinization but failed to increase the
cell-medium (C/M) ratio of 131I− or 99mTcO4− in the same cells preparation. Both TSH and catecholamines increased the concentration of organified iodine in thyroid cell despite the presence of active transport inhibitors, suggesting either the existence of a second thyroidal transport system or the possibility of an accelerated entry of anions into thyroid cells in the presence of stimulatory agents
VARIATIONS IN UTERINE CYTOSOLIC OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR LEVELS DURING THE RAT OESTROUS CYCLE
Authors: Kielhorn Janet , Hughes Alun 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The levels of cytosol receptors for both oestradiol and progesterone were simultaneous monitored in the uterus at various stages of the rat oestrous cycle. The use of the synthetic gestagen R-5020, with its high specificity and affinity for the progesterone receptor, eliminated interference arising from corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) contamination of uterine extracts. The results show that the patterns for both receptors are markedly different over the cycle. The variation can be correlated with changes in ovarian steroid output. The results also suggest that oestradiol and progesterone interact not only with their specific receptor, but also influence the other receptor system.
CORRELATION BETWEEN PER CENT DISCHARGE OF THIOCYANATE TEST AND THYROID FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HASHIMOTO'S DISEASE
Authors: Yamamoto Makiko , Saito Shintaro , Sakurada Toshiro , Yoshida Katsumi , Kaise Kazuo , Kaise Nobuko , Yoshinaga Kaoru 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The thiocyanate test was carried out in 18 patients with Hashimoto's disease. Thiocyanate was given orally several hours after the administration of tracer doses of 131I when the thyroid counts seemed to have reached a plateau. The per cent discharge of thiocyanate test was significantly higher in the groups with lower level of T4 (< 5.5 μg/100 ml), RSU (<25.5%) and BMR (<+2.5 %), and higher levels of TSH (> 10.0 μU/ml). A chi-square (ϰ2) test with Yates correction led to ϰ2 = 3.56 (1 df) with P=0.06 (per cent discharge vs T4, RSU, BMR and TSH). Then the per cent thiocyanate discharge was increased with the degree of hypothyroidism in patients with Hashimoto's disease. The correlation between the per cent discharge and 131I 24 h uptake was not significant. It was apparent that the iodide concentration mechanism was present even in the severe hypothyroid stage of Hashimoto's disease. This disproportion between the uptake of iodide and the iodide organification may result in the increase in unbound iodide. It is concluded that the hypothyroidism in Hashimoto's disease may not be caused by a defect in iodide organification, even if it correlated to the degree of hypothyroidism.
EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHYROIDISM ON SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM IN THE RAT
Authors: van Hardeveld C. , Kassenaar A. A. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hind-limb perfusion was used to study the effect of thyroidectomy on some metabolic parameters in the skeletal muscle of the rat. A week after thyroidectomy obtained by one dose of 3/4 mCi 131I, neither T4 nor T3 was detected in the blood. Lactate production and glycerol production were already decreased a week after the treatment and reached a base level at two weeks. At that time, the oxygen consumption was significantly lower (70 % of initial level) than in the control animals and decreased further in the third week to nearly 50 % of the control level.
Glucose consumption and alanine release were decreased three weeks after thyroidectomy. One dose of T3 (10 μg/100 g b. w.), administered to animals two weeks after the injection of 131I, restored the oxygen consumption, lactate production, and glycerol production to normal levels in 24 h. After 48 h, the glucose consumption was normal. Glycerol production was already significantly increased 6 h after T3 injection in animals one week after thyroidectomy, and in another group of animals two weeks after thyroidectomy. Apparently the diminished oxygen consumption in the latter group does not retard the lipolytic response to T3. No direct relationship could be found between the activity of lipolytic process and the thyroid hormone controlled oxygen consumption.
THE EFFECT OF URINARY GLUCOSE EXCRETION ON THE PLASMA GLUCOSE CLEARANCES AND PLASMA INSULIN RESPONSES TO INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE LOADS IN UNANAESTHESIZED DOGS
Authors: Kaneko J. J. , Mattheeuws D. , Rottiers R. P. , Van Der Stock J. , Vermeulen A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of urinary glucose excretion on the plasma glucose clearance and insulin response to varying sizes of glucose loads was studied in normal unanaesthesized dogs. Glucose loads ranging from 0.15 to 1.25 g/kg b.w. were infused intravenously in a standard time period of 30 seconds. Plasma glucose and plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations were determined during one-hour after infusion. All urine excreted during the one-hour was collected by a catheterization and bladder wash-out procedure. The urinary glucose excretion was expressed as the percent of the glucose load. The urinary glucose excretion varied directly with the size of the glucose load and ranged from minimal to 12 %. This would indicate that urinary losses play a considerable role proportionate to the degree of hyperglycaemia above the renal threshold. Thus, urinary loss of glucose must be recognized as an important factor influencing the plasma glucose clearance and hence the plasma IRI response. A glucose load of 0.5 g/kg b.w. given in 30 seconds with the k-value calculated between 15–45 min would minimize the influence of urinary loss and provide more accurate plasma clearance values.
ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN AND CORTICOSTEROID CHANGES DURING DEXAMETHASONE INFUSION TO INTACT AND SYNACTHEN INFUSION TO HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED FOETUSES
Authors: Jones C. T. , Kendall J. Z. , Ritchie J. W. K. , Robinson J. S. , Thorburn G. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Synacthen has been infused at 10 μg/h into 4 hypophysectomized foetal sheep. This caused a rise in adrenocorticotrophin to a mean value of 512 pg/ml which remained fairly constant and did not show the large fluctuations seen on infusion into intact foetuses. The Synacthen half-life in the circulation had a mean value of 0.27 min. Hypophysectomy did not necessarily delay the foetal corticosteroid response to Synacthen infusion. The corticosteroid concentration achieved had a mean value of about 50 ng/ml which is substantially below that for intact foetuses and in one case it was maintained at only 20 ng/ml. Despite this delivery occurred within 5 days. Dexamethasone infusion reduced the plasma adrenocorticotrophin concentration by about 70 % and the plasma cortisol concentration by about 60 %.
ENDOCRINE STUDIES IN A PUBERTAL MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITE WITH 17-KETOSTEROID REDUCTASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Virdis Raffaele , Saenger Paul , Senior Boris , New Maria I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 12 year old child (46,XY) with 17-ketosteroid reductase deficiency was investigated. The patient, reared as a female, was first noted to have clitoromegaly at 10 years of age. Increased facial hair, deepening of the voice, acne, increased body hair and minimal breast development were noted at 12 years. Δ-Androstenedione (Δ4) in peripheral blood was markedly elevated (1913 ng/100 ml) whereas testosterone (T) was in the male range of Tanner III puberty (240 ng/100 ml). Thus, Δ4/T in this patient was 9.4, compared to a normal ratio of 0.15 to 0.25. T/DHT was normal (10.5). Oestrone (Oe1) level was slightly elevated (6 ng/100 ml, normal: 2.5–4.5 ng/100 ml). Oestradiol (Oe2) was normal (1.7 ng/100 ml, normal: 1.5–3 ng/100 ml. Oe1/Oe2 was slightly elevated (3.6, normal: 1–2). At laparotomy, testes were found and spermatic vein blood was obtained prior to castration. Androgen determinations of spermatic vein blood demonstrated extremely high Δ4 levels (283 μg/100 ml) and low levels of T (16 μg/100 ml). Δ4/T in spermatic vein was 17, higher than in the peripheral blood, suggesting intact peripheral conversion of Δ4 to T. Incubation of testes slices with Δ4 demonstrated severely impaired conversion to T. Conversion of Oe1 to Oe2 was impaired to a lesser degree.

Conclusion:
17-ketosteroid reductase deficiency was documented in vivo by impaired conversion of precursor hormones resulting in higher than normal Δ4/T and Oe1/Oe2 ratios in blood. In vitro studies with testes slices confirmed the enzymatic defect.
DETERMINATION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN BOVINE BLOOD BY RADIOLIGAND RECEPTOR ASSAY AND COMPARISON WITH RADIOIMMUNOLOGICAL EVALUATION
Authors: Schams D. , Menzer C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A sensitive and specific radioligand receptor assay (RRA) using rat testis homogenate as the receptor source is described for measurement of luteinizing hormone (LH) in bovine blood. Interfering and non-specific substances in blood were removed by means of ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50. Criteria of validation such as recovery of added LH to plasma or serum, reproducibility, and specificity gave good results. Inhibition curves obtained with bovine plasma and serum were parallel to those obtained with the bovine standard preparation. The range of the dose-response curve was between 0.5–20 ng of bovine LH. The pattern of LH concentrations in purified serum samples under different physiological conditions such as during the oestrous cycle and after administration of GnRH showed a very close correlation whether measured by means of radioimmunoassay (RIA) or receptor assay. Values of RRA-LH were consistently higher than those of RIALH. Thus the lower the RIA-LH levels, the more pronounced were the discrepancies between results of both assay systems. The mean ratio of RRA-LH/RIA-LH for basal levels (less than 1 ng RIA-LH/ml plasma) was 17.8 as compared to a mean ratio for higher peak values (more than 20 ng RIA-LH/ml plasma) of only 1.2.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BIOASSAY AND RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF VASOPRESSIN IN HUMAN URINE
Authors: Christensen Jens Dencker , Jensen Svend Erik 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The excretion of vasopressin in urine from healthy human subjects under different stages of hydration was estimated in urine extracts by bioassay (rat antidiuresis) and radioimmunoassay. In normally hydrated subjects the excretion was 490 ± 164 μU/h and 430 ± 133 μU/h for bioassay and radioimmunoassay respectively (mean ± sem, n = 5). After total fluid restriction for 10 to 12 h the excretion increased to 1370 ± 329 μU/h for bioassay and 1163 ± 279 μU/h for radioimmunoassay (mean ± sem, n = 6). An oral water load (25 ml/kg) reduced the value to 169 μU/h (bioassay) and 118 μU/h (radioimmunoassay) (mean, n = 2). In general the biological estimations were 20 % higher than the immunological estimations (P < 0.01).
The urinary vasopressin excretion was positively correlated to urine osmolality. Synthetic arginine vasopressin (AVP) and urine extracts were both heterogeneous in ion exchange chromatography. The immunoreactive material was always eluted in 2 peaks, situated at the same places in the elution diagram. The material in the second peak was biologically active. The first peak from the AVP standard was biologically inactive, whereas the same peak from urine extract was active. This peak was shown to be an artefact formed during the extraction procedure.
THE EFFECT OF CYPROTERONE ACETATE ON THE PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS IN HIRSUTE WOMEN
Authors: Smals A. G. H. , Kloppenborg P. W. C. , Goverde H. J. M. , Benraad Th. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis was assessed in 10 adult women with idiopathic hirsutism treated for 2 weeks with the anti-androgen cyproterone acetate in a dose of 50 mg b. d. daily and in 4 patients treated for at least 3 months.
Basal plasma ACTH and cortisol levels and the cortisol response to 8 h ACTH infusion were comparable before and during short-term treatment. The plasma ACTH and cortisol responses to insulin induced hypoglycaemia before and during anti-androgen therapy also were of the same order of magnitude. In the 4 patients treated for at least 3 months also no suppressive effect of the anti-androgen on basal plasma cortisol levels was observed.
From these data the conclusion seems warranted that short-term cyproterone acetate treatment in the given dose not significantly influences pituitary-adrenal function in adult women with idiopathic hirsutism.
THE EFFECTS OF ARGININE VASOTOCIN ON PREGNANT MARE'S SERUM-INDUCED OVULATION IN THE IMMATURE FEMALE RAT
Authors: Johnson Linda Y. , Vaughan Mary K. , Reiter Russel J. , Blask David E. , Rudeen P. Kevin 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Arginine vasotocin (AVT) treatment (1 μg/injection) every two hours beginning at 06.00 h on the morning preceding expected ovulation significantly inhibited ovulation in 29-day-old immature female rats treated 2 days earlier with 30 IU of PMS. Pre-ovulatory plasma surges and pituitary decreases in LH, FSH and prolactin as measured by radioimmunoassay were not eliminated by AVT treatment. However, there appeared to be an early rise in plasma FSH in these rats and the maximum plasma LH value attained during the surge period in PMS-treated rats was elevated by AVT treatment. Arginine vasotocin significantly inhibited the increase in ovarian weight which occurs in PMS-treated rats on the day preceding ovulation and uterine weights were consistently depressed in AVT-treated rats. The results of this study indicate that AVT likely inhibits PMS-induced ovulation at the level of the ovary, although the possibility cannot be ruled out that inhibition resulted from the advancement of the plasma FSH rise. These data and other studies investigating the effects of AVT on reproduction indicate that AVT is possibly capable of acting at more than one level of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis.
SUGGESTION OF ABNORMAL TESTICULAR STEROIDOGENESIS IN SOME OLIGOSPERMIC MEN
Authors: Rodriguez-Rigau Luis J. , Weiss David B. , Smith Keith D. , Steinberger Emil 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Androgen biosynthesis in the testis may be analyzed in some detail by means of techniques of in vitro incubation of small testicular biopsy specimens with suitable radiolabelled precursors. Sixty-six tissue specimens from 33 patients who underwent bilateral testicular biopsies because of infertility were incubated in vitro with [3H]pregnenolone in order to investigate the possibility of abnormalities in their steroid biosynthetic activity. As a normal control, testicular tissue obtained by testicular biopsy from a young normal volunteer was used. The distribution of metabolites in the incubates of testes from 8 infertile men differed greatly from the remaining 25 patients and the normal control. The major steroids formed from pregnenolone by the testes of those 8 men were 17-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 20α-dihydropregnenolone and 20α-dihydro-17-hydroxypregnenolone. Very small amounts of Δ4-3 oxo products (progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and testosterone) were formed suggesting a deficiency of 3β-hydroxy-steroid-dehydrogenase activity in the testes of these 8 men, possibly related to the derangement of their spermatogenic function.
ANNUAL AND DIURNAL CHANGES IN PLASMA ANDROGEN AND CORTISOL IN ADULT MALE SQUIRREL MONKEYS (Saimiri sciureus) STUDIED LONGITUDINALLY
Authors: Wilson Margo I. , Brown Gregory M. , Wilson David 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma androgen (testosterone + dihydrotestosterone) and cortisol levels of fully mature wild-reared male squirrel monkeys were measured using radioimmunoassay and protein binding methods, respectively. A total of 337 plasma samples were collected over a 24-h period, and at weekly and bi-weekly intervals for a period of 13 months. Plasma levels of androgen (mean ± se = 58.1 ± 4.0 ng/ml) and of cortisol (112.8 ± 4.8 μg/100 ml) are markedly higher in squirrel monkeys than in Old World monkeys. There were significant individual differences in plasma androgen levels. There was no apparent diurnal or annual cycle in plasma androgen levels. A group of 4 male squirrel monkeys housed in isolation cubicles had much higher levels of plasma cortisol (170.1 ± 7.7 μg/100 ml) than 10 non-isolated males (92.7 ± 4.3 μg/100 ml). There was a diurnal cycle in plasma cortisol for animals maintained in isolation cages, but non-isolates did not exhibit a diurnal pattern in plasma cortisol. There was no statistically significant correlation between plasma androgen and plasma cortisol levels; high levels of cortisol were not necessarily associated with low androgen levels. The variations in plasma androgen could not be attributed to any reliable cyclic phenomena, nor to stress, but may be due to maintaining animals under laboratory conditions.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INHIBIN FROM BULL SEMINAL PLASMA
Authors: Chari S. , Duraiswami S. , Franchimont P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A simple, short procedure for the isolation of inhibin from bull seminal plasma has been described. Following conversion of the seminal plasma into acetone powder, it was subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 using 4 m urea—0.05 m sodium acetate buffer pH 4.0 as the eluent. Further purification of the active fraction was achieved by 'straight elution analysis' using CM-cellulose.
The final preparation (Ux) has been shown to reduce the response of immature rat ovaries to human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone (HCG) stimulation in the bioassay system of Chari et al. (1976) and also been shown to suppress the immediate post-castration rise in serum gonadotrophin levels in immature male rats.
Homogeneity of the isolated fraction has been assessed electrophoretically at different pH's above and below its isoelectric point. On the basis of gel filtration studies, electrophoresis and amino acid analysis, the molecular weight of Ux has been estimated to be 19 000 daltons. The electrophoretic behaviour of Ux at an alkaline pH has been discussed as a possible evidence for its existence as isohormones.
ATP-INDUCED RELEASE OF VASOPRESSIN ASSOCIATED WITH PHOSPHORYLATION OF ISOLATED BOVINE NEUROHYPOPHYSEAL SECRETORY GRANULE MEMBRANES
Authors: Russell James T. , Thorn Niels A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Secretory granules isolated from ox neurohypophyses released their content of vasopressin in the presence of ATP and Mg2+. A half maximal ATP concentration of 0.25 mm was found. Ca2+ was not necessary for the effect. High concentrations of ADP, AMP and ITP were shown to mimic the effect of ATP.
Utilizing this effect of ATP combined with iodonitrotetrazolium treatment to make mitochondria heavier, a method is described to obtain granule "ghosts" in a purified form. They were shown to be phosphorylated when granules were incubated with [γ-32P] ATP.
HIGH-AFFINITY BINDING OF REVERSE T3 AND TETRAC IN NUCLEI OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Lemarchand-Béraud T. , Holm A.-C. , Bornand G. , Burger A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a previous study, human lymphocyte nuclei were found to possess high affinity, low capacity binding sites for triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). The number of receptors per cell was similar for T3 and T4 (115±20), but the equilibrium affinity constant (Ka) for T3 (2.20±0.23 1010m−1) was twice that for T4 (1.05 ± 0.25 1010m−1). The present study shows that human lymphocyte nuclei also bind highly purified [125I]tetrac and [125I]rT3. The number of specific binding sites was 60 for tetrac and 40 for rT3. The Ka for tetrac (2.12 ± 0.29 1010m−1) was similar to that of T3, whereas that of rT3 (1.31 ± 0.2110m−1) was similar to that of T4. The Ka was the same when measured in intact cells and in nuclei isolated after incubation. Despite the similar Ka for tetrac, rT3 and T3, as obtained by direct measurements, tetrac had only 2 % and rT3 0.1 % of the T3 potency in T3 displacement studies. [125I] tetrac was displaced 50% by 20 fmol of T3 and [125I]rT3 by 8 fmol.
These results show that tetrac and rT3 do bind as strongly to nuclear receptors as T3 and T4, but that when competing with T3 the apparent affinities decrease considerably for tetrac and rT3. Thus, the nuclear binding of these two analogues probably has no significance under physiological conditions, but may play some role under pathological conditions when the formation of T3 is decreased and that of rT3 and tetrac is increased. This may represent an adaptive mechanism in T4 inactivation.