bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial crisis in East Asia: bank runs, asset bubbles and antidotes
Authors: Miller Marcus , Luangaram Pongsak 
Published: March 2007

No one can deny the outstanding success of the East Asian economies in the last two decades of rapid economic growth backed by surging capital inflows. Key questions posed by the current crisis are: what went wrong, and why? how to fix it? and, how to prevent a recurrence? To answer them, the article begins with a brief overview of recent developments in the miracle economies of East Asia, focusing mainly on Korea, Indonesia and Thailand. We focus too on some of the shadows that came to darken the glittering success story—on declining competitiveness and growing financial vulnerability; and on regulatory failures in banking. Then we take a leaf from Charles Kindleberger's book (1996) on Panics, Manias and Crashes and discuss—with historical precedents—various types of financial crisis: speculative attacks on pegged exchange rates, asset bubbles, stock market crashes and bank runs. Based on the distinction between illiquidity, due to a shortage of cash, and insolvency arising from a failure of economic prospects, we go on to outline three main views of the current crisis.First that it was simply due to reversal of capital flows, to a failure of collective action on the part of creditors which could and should have been solved by supplying extra liquidity—or by forcing creditors to roll over their loans. Second the view that the miracle had grown into a bubble that had finally had to burst: so the problem was essentially one of insolvency. Finally the view that we prefer, that the panic was not wholly groundless (and rescue efforts were bound to be difficult) mainly because weak regulation combined with implicit deposit guarantees had left local bankers free to gamble with the money that global capital markets had poured into their parlours. Panic set in when foreign depositors realised that there were not enough dollar reserves left for the guarantee to be credible. This account (championed most notably by Paul Krugman of MIT) involves both illiquidity and insolvency and helps to explain why the IMF was unwilling simply to throw money at the problem.Why did the crisis spread like wildfire around the region? Was it because a bank run due to shaky fundamentals in one country was imitated elsewhere, as investors joined the herd heading for the exit? This and other accounts of contagion are discussed before turning to ideas for crisis prevention and management, and a brief account of future prospects for the region. The article concludes by outlining immediate steps to resolve the current financial crisis and by proposing international monetary reforms to prevent a recurrence.
Hong Kong Tertiary Students' Attitudes and Proficiency in Spoken English
Authors: Littlewood William , Liu Ngar-Fun , Yu Christine 
Published: March 2007

As a basis for making pedagogical decisions within a learner-based framework, teachers need information about the experiences and perceptions which learners bring to the classroom. This article reports and discusses some of the information gathered by the LEAP Project at the University of Hong Kong about the English learning experiences, proficiency and perceptions of students entering tertiary education in Hong Kong. The article focuses on students' oral English. The investigation reveals that students who enter tertiary education in Hong Kong have grown accustomed to passive speech roles in class and had limited experience of speaking. Lack of practice often leads to low confidence in their own ability and a sense of unease, especially when engaging in unplanned speech. Nonetheless students express strong preferences for active speaking roles in class. A two-folded strategy is needed. In their English classes, students need many more opportunities to activate their language and gain experience in using it for spontaneous communication. At the same time, in all classes, students need to gain experience of active methods of learning, so that they can adopt the active, questioning role which is appropriate for tertiary level learning and required for success in the modem world.
The problems of the female religious congregations: some force- lines for sociological research
Authors: Santy H. 
Published: March 2007

Le matériel qui a servi de base à cet article provient d'une recherche menée auprès d'une congrégation de religieuses. Nous avons tenté d'établir une comparaison entre la manière dont les religieuses envisagent leur tâche d'éducation et de service socio-médical et les normes et attitudes vis-à-vis du travail telles que les difinit 'le monde'. Nous avons constaté d'importantes diffgrences. Le second point qui pose problème et que nous tentons de décrire est la manière d'envisager l'éducation et le service socio-médical dans une optique d'apostolat. Historiquement on a assisté à l'intérieur même de ces oeuvres à une évolution dans la relation religieuse—client (élève, malade etc.), celle-ci passant de relation apostolique à relation de service; persister à considérer ce travail comme 'apostolique' revient à créer, selon nous, des conflits psychologiques chez les religieuses. En troisième lieu, des conflits peuvent découler du fait que les mêmes personnes, après avoir travaillé ensemble, rentrent vivre ensemble. Le quatrième domaine qui pose sans doute pas mal de problèmes, et donc des possibilités de recherche approfondie, est celui de l'identité religieuse des congrégations. Enfin, dernier point soulevé ici, la position d'infériorité de la femme dans l'Eglise, qui a d'énormes répercussions sur la problematique des congréga tions. Il est nécessaire d'en tenir compte dans une recherche sociologique portant sur des congrégations.
Vie quotidienne, production de valeurs et religion
Authors: Remy Jean 
Published: March 2007

In what way does the sociology of everyday life constitute a specific approach which is particularly suitable for the analysis of religion ? The analysis of everyday life presupposes that we take as our point of departure the individual, reactivy to events against the background of the spaces-times which are familiar to him. The various individual reactions help to modify the socio- emotional situations from which values become stabilized and are generated. Thus while on the descriptive plane, the analysis of everyday life presupposes micro-observation it nevertheless leads on the interpretative plane to the bringing out of an overall social deter minant. This determinant is relatively important for understanding religious phenomena... In this text, the term religion is understood as an everyday life term, which makes it possible to characterize a response to a per manent social problem: the dialectic of sense and nonsense.
Liberal Versus Civic, Republican, Democratic, and other Vocational Educations
Authors: FLATHMAN RICHARD E. 
Published: March 2007

Certainly, it is beneficial when the roles of man and citizen coincide as far as possible; but this only occurs when the role of citizen presupposes so few special qualities that the man may be himself without any sacrifice.... Education is only to develop a man's faculties, without regard to giving human nature any special civic character.¹
B. The Atomic Age and Its Relation to High School Science Teaching
Authors: Will Burnett R. 
Published: March 2007

Prof. Burnett opens his article with a retrospective glance at recent air-age educa tion, and makes a plea that education for the atomic age will not duplicate some of the shortcomings committed in the previous effort. He then discusses the charac teristics of the atomic age, including both its social implications, as well as the threats and promises it offers along more purely scientific lines. Turning then to the responsibilities of modern science teachers, the writer dis cusses them in terms of the knowledge which he must assimilate and organize and the general education which he must pass on to all his pupils. The article is concluded with a list of major teaching objectives for literacy in the atomic age, including the principles which pupils should know, the skills which they should possess, and the behaviors which they should exhibit if the objectives of education for the atomic age are to be realized.
Procedural Entrepreneurship: Enacting Alternative Channels to Administrative Effectiveness
Authors: Brower Ralph S. , Abolafia Mitchel Y. 
Published: March 2007

What do administrators do when established procedures get in the way of getting work done? They change the procedures. Because procedures, however, may have been originally installed to impose controls that ensure neutrality and obedience to political masters or equity in the delivery of public services, such procedural entrepreneurship tends to be hidden. To what extent to administrators engage in procedural entrepreneurship? What are the consequences of their actions? This investigation, surveying 71 managers, concludes that procedural entrepreneurship is the "everyday" practical activity of skilled and committed administrators who possess "ordinary competence" rather than heroic or deviant individual characterstics. Moreover, the analysis reveals that informal networks, which the procedural entrepreneur must mobilize to achieve success, provide the basis for legitimizing the actions they take and for protecting the public interest.
Intellectualization in Macromarketing Revisited: A Reply to Hunt
Authors: Monieson D. D. 
Published: March 2007

The title of Shelby Hunt's article (1989) is steeped in irony, given what follows in his text. His effort produces a caricature of reason and a surprising misunderstanding of the nature of reification in the social sciences. His is no critique; it is a diatribe pure and simple. I will not respond to Hunt's article on a line-by-line basis. That would be too depressing an exercise. Rather, I will address what appear to be major allegations. All but his last two, his rigor-relevance issue and his reification-realism issue, are dispensed with summarily because they are superficial.
The Octave-Percept or Concept
Authors: Sergeant Desmond 
Published: March 2007

Fifty-four children aged between four years and nine years were given a pitch task in which they were presented with an array of five tone bars differing in pitch within an octave range. They were then given a further bar which was pitched at the octave of one of the bars of the array, and asked to choose which of the five "sounded most like" their 6th matcher bar. Three categories of response to the task were possible: judged similarity on the basis of: (i) Proximity of pitch (tone height). (ii) Octaveness (tone chroma). (iii) Neither of these (which would be interpreted as no perceived similarity). Results showed a significant tendency for tonal similarity to be judged as proximity of pitch. In a second experiment, the probability of judgement on the basis of pitch proximity was reduced by providing an array in which the five tones were clustered closely together in pitch. Of 108 trials, only 15 selections of two tones at the 8ve were observed. In a third experiment, an array of five tone bars was presented. Subjects were given a further five bars, being the same pitches as the array removed by an 8ve, and were asked to arrange their bars so that "they played the same tune" as the array. Although a small number of children completed the task with promptness and confidence, no significant ability to solve this octave transposition task was observed. It is therefore concluded that a concept of "octaveness" is developed experientially, and is not of perceptual origin.
A Biographical Study of the Life-Span Development of Professional Musicians
Authors: Manturzewska Maria 
Published: March 2007

A group of 165 Polish professional musicians ranging in age from 21 to 89 was interviewed in 1976-80. The research was designed as a longitudinal exploratory study of the life-span development of professional musicians and musical talents. The purpose of the study was to collect empirical data about the life course of the professional musicians and to learn about the structure of the musician's life (its stages and dimensions), as well as about the factors influencing the development and achievement of professional musicians in different stages of life, and different fields of music. The results suggest that the professional development of the musicians is strongly influenced by both socio-cultural and biological factors. Content analysis of the collected biographies suggests that the family environment and intrinsic motivation for musical activitv are the factors most influencing musical development. This analysis also reveals the importance of teachers, colleagues and the socio-emotional support in the development of talent over the life-span. In the light of this content analysis the professional development of musicians seems to be a life-long process (in some cases going through several generations in the family) of enculturation and adjustment to changes in age and environment. It seems to consist of a sequence of developmental stages, different in the structure of musical behaviour and motivation, as well as in the structure of musical activity and achievemcnt.
Brazilian Identities and Musical Performances
Authors: Araújo Samuel 
Published: March 2007

… our faults do not allow our qualities to show themselves to best effect. That is why, at the moment, Brazilians are a people of intermittent qualities and permanent faults.Mário de Andrade, Essai sur la musique brésilienne, 1928This paper sets out to discuss the use and power of music in representing social identities, concentrating on the more specific case of the Brazilian nation, which has made itself a complex and all-embracing socio-political unit in spite of the great diversity and the great inequalities to be found within its borders. It is well known that what appears to be its most uniform feature, the use of a dominant language, is actually quite fragmented, due to the influence of various co-existing systems of production, cultural models and social hierarchies, which change on a daily basis. Although this diversity seems to be underwritten by daily practice and independent of debate and official encouragement, the same cannot be said of the search for national unity. It is obvious in the case of most of the action undertaken with this end in mind, that questions such as exclusion and the imbalance and arbitrariness of power have been eliminated. Besides, certain alert individuals are wary of this insistence on the construction of a nation, since the role of the old national states throughout the world seems to be disintegrating in the face of the proliferation and growing importance of social, economic and cultural relations at a supranational level. It is therefore hardly surprising that the twentieth century is considered to be a milestone in both the rise and fall of efforts to achieve Brazilian national unity. Amongst these efforts, music has played a prominent role, as I shall endeavour to show.
Challenges of Philosophy and Challenges to Philosophy
Authors: Kuçuradi Ioanna 
Published: March 2007

During an interview on human rights in a TV programme, the interviewer all of a sudden said that, so far as he could understand, I was establishing a connection between philosophy and torture, and asked me what this connection was. I was shocked.In a couple of seconds I tried to guess how he could have come to such a conclusion. My response was: there is no connection between philosophy and torture, still when you look at the fact of torture with philosophical-ethical knowledge, you can realize that torture does not damage, nor ‘degrade’, the human dignity of the victim of torture, as is usually accepted – e.g. in the formulation of the title of the ‘Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment’. It causes damage to the human dignity of the person who tortures. We protect or damage human dignity, but our own human dignity, by what we do and not by what we suffer, since we are responsible for what we do and not for what others do to us. What we do, or refrain from doing, depends on each of us, i.e. acting in accordance with human dignity in our relations with other human beings is a problem in our ethical relation with ourselves, in spite of the fact that our actions are directed to somebody else.
Commentary
Authors: Verpraet Gilles 
Published: March 2007

The slow construction of the urban civilization: the socio-historic distances in the reading of an urban form.The post-Soviet city is generally envisioned as a city in transition, on a more or less direct course towards the market city. This observation recalls the reconstitution of the residential property stock through privatizations, the redefinition of the individual in countries shaped by collectivist references, the post-national reconstitution of the economy and the political structures (Dressier, Gatti, and Perez-Agote, 1999). L. Kogan's approach suggests that we need a deeper analysis in the shaping of ‘urban civilization’ and the construction of urban policies, to change the way we look at the construction of urban permanence.
The Gift as Insufficient Source of Normativity
Authors: Arnsperger Christian 
Published: March 2007

To my mind, the most urgent current task in the social sciences is one in the context of which the unduly cut-and-dried distinctions between positive and normative, between sociology and ethics, between secular pluralism and religious spirituality, and so on, should be abandoned. I would like to reclaim the legacy of a Marxian-type dialectic by stating that the social sciences today (and I would even risk speaking of a single present-day ‘social science’) have the threefold task of (1) thinking through in depth the directions of a desirable social change, (2) asking what are the ‘resources for action’ already available for this end within the totality of social actors and (3) identifying the moral capacities that need to be stimulated and/or created so that the resources for action which are not yet available, but which are desirable under point (1), may be able to take root and flourish. I defy anyone to disentangle clearly and analytically the positive and normative parts of such a task …If the somewhat acrimonious debate on the status of the gift that I have had with Alain Caillé for the last two years continues to hold my interest and if I have eventually overcome my irritation in the face of what has occasionally seemed to me a failure of understanding linked to the defence of an ‘article of local faith’, it is because our debate is a fundamental part of the worthwhile task of the social sciences. Nevertheless, I shall make it clear straight away that the expression ‘sociological gift’ hardly satisfies me, in the light of the description of this task which I have just supplied.
Principles of HyperNietzsche
Authors: d'Iorio Paolo 
Published: March 2007

‘One thing, however, seems certain: the manuscripts should be completely deciphered and transcribed, and studied as a group, as an individual manuscript, as an individual page (in many cases!), and then put in chronological order.For example: yesterday I carefully examined the results of the page by page transcription of the manuscripts of Daybreak. I drew a sort of diagram of all the aphorisms in Daybreak following their appearance in the different manuscripts. Two things came out of this, which are basically the two sides of the same coin, that is: 1) the evolution of Daybreak, and 2) the exact chronology of each manuscript.
Direct Democracy and Totalitarianism
Authors: Ritter Gerhard 
Published: March 2007

The following article is an excerpt from Professor Gerhard Ritter s contribution to a Symposium on the origins and methods of National Socialism. This Symposium, whose publication in English translation is forthcoming, was organised under the auspices of the International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies.The International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies has assured complete freedom of expression to all participants while obviously not endorsing any of the opinions expressed in the Symposium.In presenting the material of this Symposium the publishers wish to make it clear that the opinions expressed are those of the authors themselves and do not represent the policy of Intercultural Publications or the views of its personnel.
The Decline of the Ancient World
Authors: Domarchi Jean 
Published: March 2007

The problem to which this article tries to supply an answer, in any case for the time being, is the following: was the political collapse of the Greek world the result of a slow internal disintegration or of the destructive action of the Roman conquest?In other words: did the Graeco-Macedonian states, constituted after the conquest of Asia by Alexander, die ‘their own splendid deaths’ or were they ‘assassinated’ by Rome?
The Classical Age; Idealist Thought of India
Authors: Renou Louis 
Published: March 2007

The great history of India conceived by K. M. Munshi, the first undertaking of this magnitude to be carried out entirely by Indian scholars, is continued with Vol. Ill, which covers roughly the period from 320 to 750. After an interval of about ten months, it follows Vol. II, The Age of Imperial Unity, which embraced the period between 600 before our era and 320 after; the first volume, which appeared in 1952, had, naturally, dealt with the sources (‘up to 600 b.c.’), or what is conventionally known as ‘the Vedic period’. As is well known, the scientific editor is the esteemed historian R. C. Majumdar. To him, in this volume, has fallen the all important task of compiling the chapters on dynastic history which occupy the first three hundred pages, with the exception of the history of the Deccan monarchies, which was entrusted to the epigraphist D. C. Sircar (who has undertaken also Ceylon and the Châlukyas), another exception being the period of the Pallavas and other kingdoms of the South, treated by R. Sathianathaier.An original characteristic of the work is the important part—in this volume actually preponderant—occupied by the elements constituting Indian culture at the epoch under consideration: literature (G. V. Devasthali, H. D. Velankar, Srinivas Iyengar), political and juridical theory (U. N. Ghoshal), religion (Nalinaksha Dutt, A. D. Pusalker, A. M. Ghatage, D. C. Sircar and others), art (S. K. Saraswati, N. R. Ray), general social questions (U. N. Ghoshal). Finally R. C. Majumdar returns to describe India's exchanges with the outside world and adds a summary of the expansion of Indian culture in Asia.
The Mover and the Adjuster
Authors: de Jouvenel Bertrand 
Published: March 2007

The influence of man on man is exercised sometimes to assemble a group of individuals moved toward common action, sometimes to remedy the antagonisms which naturally result from the conflict of human wills. These two situations give rise to two forms of authority which are seldom found in the same person, since one form is essentially exciting and the other essentially calming. The contrast between them can be illustrated by the two images of the bridge of Arcole and the oak of Vincennes.The print which shows Bonaparte hurling himself at the enemy and urging his soldiers to follow sums up in a single scene all the influence toward action he had exercised on them since he had taken command. He had found troops low in morale and without any disposition to take the offensive; he breathed his own fire into them; his famous proclamation tended to imbue them with his own ambition, and united them as participants in his plan. By a remarkable feat of transference, impatient because he was without glory, he made them realize that they were without shoes, and he materialized for them his own vast dreams in the visible form of “the fertile plains of Lombardy.”