bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA pattern and cytological findings in fine‐needle aspirates of untreated prostatic tumors. A flow‐cytofluorometric study
Authors: Rönström Lars , Tribukait Bernhard , Esposti Pier‐Luigi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cellular DNA content in fine‐needle prostatic aspirates from 500 untreated patients was determined by flow cytofluorometry. According to the DNA patterns diploid, tetraploid, and non‐tetraploid aneuploid cases were identified. In 301 cytologically benign cases more than 90% showed diploid DNA patterns. Among 166 carcinomas the incidence of aneuploid DNA values increased with the degree of anaplasia, ie, 44% in well‐differentiated, 78% in moderately differentiated, and 97% in poorly differentiated tumors. In aneuploid cases of well‐differentiated carcinomas almost exclusively tetraploid DNA patterns were observed, while in poorly differentiated carcinomas about 80% showed non‐tetraploid aneuploid DNA distributions. Among aneuploid cases of moderately differentiated carcinomas 2/3 were tetraploid and 1/3 non‐tetraploid aneuploid. Morphologically similar tumors may thus be separated by the DNA profiles. The biological significance of these results must be further evaluated by clinical follow‐up of the patients.
Immunohistochemistry of prostatic acid phosphatase
Authors: Yam Lung T. , Janckila Anthony J. , Lam William K. W. , Li And Chin‐Yang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe human prostatic acid phosphatase is a specific marker for the prostatic epithelial cells. By using an immunoperoxidase staining method for this enzyme, it is possible both to identify the prostatic epithelial cells and to recognize the prostatic origin of metastatic lesions of prostate cancer. Of the tissues containing prostatic epithelial cells from 120 patients, positive staining reaction was detected in 114 (95%), and negative in 6. In nonprostatic tissues from 242 patients, weak but positive staining reaction was detected in 8 (3.3%), including tissues from one renal cell carcinoma and 7 breast carcinomas. Of 27 patients in whom tumor tissues were tested at a time when tumor origin was unknown, the staining reaction was positive in 14 patients later found to have prostate cancer. It was negative in 6 patients with nonprostatic carcinoma and 7 patients with carcinoma of unknown primary. Although this immunohistochemical technique for prostatic acid phosphatase appears promising in diagnosing metastatic prostate cancer, its clinical significance and limitations remain unclear, and there are considerable technical problems yet to be solved. These problems are best approached by joint collaborative efforts of the various investigators interested in prostate cancer.
Intracellular localization of estramustine in rat ventral prostate in vitro
Authors: Peterson Curt , Björk Per , Forsgren Björn , Högberg Bertil 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the aim of studying the mechanism behind the effect of estramustine in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma, the intracellular fate of the drug has been investigated in rat ventral prostate in vitro. Minced tissue was incubated with [3H] estramustine under different conditions, homogenized, and submitted to isopycnic centrifugation on a sucrose gradient using the recently introduced vertical tube rotor. The subcellular localization of the drug was determined by comparison between the distribution of radioactivity in the gradient fractions and the activities of a number of marker enzymes. No metabolism of estramustine occurred as judged by thin‐layer chromatography. After incubation of the minced prostate tissue for 1 hour at 30° C with 0.15 μM of [3H] estramustine, most of the drug was recovered in the cytosol fractions which also contained the highest concentrations of the estramustine‐binding protein. However, after incubation with 220 μM of estramustine, most drug equilibrated in heavier fractions with high concentrations of N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase and cathepsin B, marker enzymes for the lysosomes as well as NADPH:cytochrome c reductase, marker enzyme for the endoplasmic reticulum. Extending the incubation time and increasing the temperature reduced the amount of estramustine equilibrating in the heavy fractions and concomitantly increased the portion localized in the cytosol. During all incubation conditions, very little drug seemed to accumulate in the nuclei since the drug distribution was completely different from that of DNA. This suggests that effects other than interaction with nuclear DNA might be of importance for the cytotoxic effect of estramustine.
In vivo studies on the antiandrogenic effects of cimetidine versus cyproterone acetate in rats
Authors: Baba S. , Paul H. J. , Follow K. , Janetschek G. , Jacobi G. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo investigate the antiandrogenic action of cimetidine in vivo, prostatic androgen uptake and metabolism, spermatogenesis, morphology of the prostate and testes, and plasma hormone levels were studied using Sprague‐Dawley rats, and the results were compared with the effects of cyproterone acetate or castration. Cimetidine and cyproterone acetate caused significant reduction in the weights of the ventral prostate and testes. The changes of ventral prostate were accompanied by a dose‐related epithelial atrophy. No adverse effect on spermatogenesis was observed after treatment with cimetidine at daily doses of 50 mg/kg or cyproterone acetate of 10 mg/kg. Although cimetidine treatment induced a significant decrease in plasma testosterone levels, the uptake of testosterone‐3H and its conversion to DHT of the ventral prostate were not inhibited by cimetidine.
The use of serum isoenzymes of alkaline and acid phosphatase as possible quantitative markers of tumor load in prostate cancer
Authors: Killian C. S. , Vargas F. P. , Pontes E. J. , Beckley S. , Slack N. H. , Murphy G. P. , Chu T. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe tumor burden of 98 patients with metastatic prostatic cancer was compared longitudinally with the activities of bone (BAP) and liver isoenzymes (LAP) of alkaline phosphatase, total acid phosphatase (AcP), and prostate‐specific acid phosphatase (PAP). A quantitative association between these enzyme markers and the tumor mass was suggested by comparing the enzymes with 1) both the treatment response and the estimation of metastasis by radionuclide bone scanning; 2) metastasis based upon radiographic evidence. In addition, an apparent extensive pretreatment bone tumor load was predictive for an elevated BAP activity, which was also a suggestive poor prognosis as previously reported. An elevation of PAP, in contrast to AcP, may precede the clinical disease progression in some patients. Data presented in this report have indicated that the levels of these enzymes compared well with the extent of tumor involvement and therefore may be considered suitable as adjuvant and even quantitative biochemical markers of bone and liver metastasis.
Immunologic aspects of the prostate
Authors: Lubaroff David M. , Reynolds Craig W. , Canfield Larry , McElligott David , Feldbush Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOur experiments involving the use of the Dunning R3327 adenocarcinoma as an animal model of prostatic cancer as well as clinical studies on the immunocompetence of pros‐tatic cancer patients are described. Utilizing the Dunning tumor, we have demonstrated that this transplantable adenocarcinoma of the rat prostate was similar to human prostatic cancer with respect to its macroscopic and microscopic appearances, growth rate, growth differential in male and female recipients, and some of its metastatic potential. Cryosurgery was capable of destroying the primary tumor as it can in man. Both antibody and cellular immune responses could be produced against antigens associated with the tumor cells. Tumor‐bearing rats treated by cryosurgery in combination with BCG were capable of producing an antitumor imunity that protected them from rechallenge. Clinical studies of prostatic cancer patients showed a diminished in vitro immunity, but the responses of the cancer patients were not significantly different from those of patients with benign prostatic disease.
The effects of flutamide on total DHT and nuclear DHT levels in the human prostate
Authors: Geller Jack , Albert Jerry , Nachtsheim Daniel A. , Loza Debra , Geller Suzanne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of flutamide, an antiandrogen, on prostate tissue concentrations of total DHT, DHT present in both crude and purified nuclear fractions, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and plasma testosterone were studied and compared to similar parameters in untreated benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Flutamide was given to patients with BPH in a dosage of 750 mg per day by mouth for 10–14 days prior to transurethral resection of the prostate.Total prostate DHT was significantly decreased to 3.95 ng/g in 12 flutamide‐treated patients compared to values of 6.61 ng/g in 12 patients with untreated BPH. However, no significant difference was noted in the concentration of DHT present in the crude nuclear fraction of flutamide‐treated patients (646 pg/mg DNA, N = 5) and untreated BPH (882 pg/mg DNA, N = 10); nor was DHT in the purified nuclear fraction significantly different in drug versus untreated patients (251 pg/mg DNA for flutamide versus 353 pg/mg DNA for untreated controls). PAP concentration in BPH prostates was 7.11 S.U./mg wet weight and was significantly higher than 2.98 S.U. per mg wet weight noted in flutamide‐treated patients. Plasma testosterone tended to rise in the flutamide‐treated patients compared to the untreated BPH but this was not statistically significant.The decrease in total prostate DHT without changes in nuclear DHT was unexpected and difficult to explain in terms of current tenets regarding the mechanism of androgen action. The following hypotheses are offered: (a) Flutamide may decrease transport of testosterone into cells, thereby decreasing total prostate DHT. (b) Inhibitory effects of flutamide on receptor‐bound DHT translocation to nuclei may be difficult to detect since 95% or more of nuclear DHT may not be bound to a salt extractable receptor. (c) The binding of DHT directly to putative nuclear matrix receptor sites may dilute the effects of flutamide on blocking translocation of receptor bound DHT, resulting in very small differences in DHT present in purified nuclei difficult to detect with current methodology.
Cyproterone acetate, testosterone, LH, FSH, and prolactin levels in plasma after intramuscular application of cyproterone acetate in patients with prostatic cancer
Authors: Rost A. , Schmidt‐Gollwitzer M. , Hantelmann W. , Brosig W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive patients with prostatic carcinoma (stages T3N0M0) were injected intramuscularly with 300 mg of cyproterone acetate (CPA) (Androcur‐Depot®) at weekly intervals. The concentrations of CPA, testosterone, LH, FSH, and prolactin in plasma after the first, third, and fifth injection were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. After five injections of Androcur‐Depot, CPA levels were slightly higher than in previous determinations, suggesting that a balance between active substance release from the depot and excretion could be achieved after eight to twelve injections, with only slightly higher levels of active substance attained. Testosterone levels clearly were reduced after the first injection of CPA, but the lowest values were registered only after three injections. Plasma concentrations of FSH and LH were slightly diminished, whereas the prolactin level increased after CPA therapy.
A clinical assay for prostatic acid phosphatase using choline phosphate as a substrate: Comparison with thymolphthalein phosphate
Authors: Saini Mohan S. , Van Etten Robert L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe an assay method using choline O‐phosphate as a substrate for the measurement of serum prostatic acid phosphatase as an aid in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Choline phosphate is hydrolyzed by homogeneous prostatic acid phosphatase, and it is also hydrolyzed by an acid phosphatase present in the serum of prostatic carcinoma patients. In contrast, serum samples from apparently healthy persons do not exhibit any significant choline O‐phosphate phosphatase activity. There is a correlation of 98% (n = 46) between choline O‐phosphate phosphatase activity and typical measurement for prostatic acid phosphatase activity carried out using thymolphthalein monophosphate as the substrate. The new method appears to be as accurate as colorimetric methods based on thymolphthalein phosphate as a substrate. Although not as sensitive as immunologically based methods, the present technique for measuring prostatic acid phosphatase activity using choline phosphate as a substrate is economical and relatively simple.
Neurologic complications in prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Campbell James R. , Godsall J. Ward , Bloch Solomon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA review of 10 years experience with prostatic carcinoma was undertaken with a search for neurologic complications. An unusual case presenting with symptoms of hemiplegia is reviewed. Of 154 charts, 90 provided adequate clinical information for complete analysis. Nineteen cases with neurologic complications were found and were restricted entirely to advanced (stages C and D) disease. Thirty‐seven percent of patients with advanced disease developed neurologic complications. The most frequent complaints were related to organic brain syndrome, paraplegia, and radioculopathy. Eight patients developed peripheral nerve or spinal cord injury related to metastatic disease. Five patients suffered metabolic or paraneoplastic complications; three patient's symptoms related to central or epidural metastases and two patients developed neurologic symptoms related to complications of therapy. All neurologic symptoms improved given appropriate diagnosis and treatment. A brief review of the literature is included emphasizing the diverse nature of neurologic complications in this common neoplasm.
The role of lymphangiography in the staging of prostatic cancer
Authors: Hoekstra Wytze J. , Schroeder Fritz H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphangiography and staging lymphadenectomy were performed in 36 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. The accuracy of lymphangiography was 75% with a specificity of 79% and a sensitivity of 67%. The results of nodal metastases in relation to grade and stage of the tumor are compared with literature. Applications for lymphangiography in prostatic cancer are discussed.
Primary culture of prostatic region entoderm of human fetal sinus urogenitalis: Morphological, histochemical, and electrophoretic characteristics
Authors: Bozhok Yu M. , Dziuba L. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrimary cultures of entoderm from the prostatic region of the sinus urogenitalis obtained from 9 to 12‐week‐old human fetuses were established by explantation of presumptive prostate tissue on collagen.The predominant growth of entodermal cells made it possible to obtain cultures, without use of enzymes or EDTA, which were practically free of mesenchyme. Histochemical and electrophoretic methods demonstrated certain properties of the parent presumptive prostatic entodermal cells in the cultured cells. Karyological alterations observed during the course of cultivation are described.
High resolution analysis of human prostatic fluid by two‐dimensional electrophoresis
Authors: Carter Donald B. , Resnick Martin I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHigh‐resolution two‐dimensional electrophoresis has been used to resolve the major protein components of human prostatic fluid. Samples taken from individuals ranging in age from 19 to 74 years show ten major proteins that are consistently present in the fluids examined. Seven major proteins appear to have age‐dependent patterns of synthesis and accumulation in the prostatic fluid. A major protein in the human fluid has electrophoretic properties similar to the glycosylated component of the rat ventral prostate secretory protein known as prostatic binding protein, prostatein, or estramustine binding protein. The isoelectric point/molecular weight of the human protein is 6.0/17,000 compared with 5.6/13,000 for the rat protein. Protein patterns from benign prostatic hyperplasia cases were not dramatically different from the normal patterns.
Biochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of prolactin binding in rat ventral, lateral, and dorsal prostate lobes
Authors: Thompson Sue Ann , Johnson Michael P. , Brooks Charles L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA radioligand assay and the soluble peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP) technique were used to compare ovine and rat prolactin as ligands for the demonstration of prolactin binding sites in rat ventral, lateral, and dorsal prostate lobes. Biochemical techniques were effective in demonstrating prolactin binding sites in ventral prostate with both ovine and rat prolactin; however, binding sites could not be characterized in lateral or dorsal lobes with either ligand. Using the PAP technique, rat prolactin consistently produced a discrete, dense reaction product over binding sites in the Golgi zone of the ventral prostate; ovine prolactin produced a more dispersed pattern of staining throughout the entire supranuclear region of the cells. In ventral prostate, most epithelial cells were immunoreactive when either ligand was used. However, lateral prostate contained fewer densely immunoreactive cells than did ventral prostate, and rat prolactin was more effective in demonstrating these binding sites than was ovine prolactin. Dorsal prostate epithelium was highly immunoreactive for binding of both ligands; however, there was considerably more staining in this lobe that remained after absorption of the antibody with prolactin. These data suggest that the inability to demonstrate prolactin binding sites in the lateral lobe using radioligand assay may have been due to the fewer numbers of binding sites that were diluted below the sensitivity of the assay when a tissue homogenate preparation was used. Noncompetitive binding in the dorsal lobe, as seen in the radioligand assay, coincided with immunocytochemical findings of relatively high nonabsorbable background staining.
Ultrastructural aspects of human prostate in benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Biagini Graziella , Preda Paola , Cigno Michele Lo , Soli Marcello , Bercovich Edward 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrastructural morphology of the prostate in benign prostatic hypertrophy has been studied with particular attention focused on features of prostatic secretory processes and the formation of “corpora amylacea.” Morphological and cytochemical comparisons of prostatic secretory vacuoles and multivesicular bodies have been carried out, and the secretory mechanisms of the prostate have been further defined by scanning electron microscopy.
Monoclonal antibodies against a soluble cytoplasmic antigen in human prostatic epithelial cells
Authors: Clarke S. M. , Merchant D. J. , Starling J. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibodies against a soluble cytoplasmic protein contained in prostate epithelial cells were developed using the hybridoma technique. This was done to provide markers for these cells that can be used to identify acinar cells in culture and to follow their development and/or differentiation over long periods of time. The antibodies do not recognize prostatic acid phosphatase nor the prostate antigen. They do recognize prostate acinar cells in formalin fixed tissue sections. The basal cells underlying the prostate epithelial acinar cells do not appear to contain the antigen. The antigen detected is believed to be a product of differentiated prostatic acinar cells.
Intraprostatic and subcutaneous transplantation of a spontaneous prostatic carcinoma (11095) to male fischer rats (F344): An ultrastructural study
Authors: Weber Peter , Sinowatz Fred , Chandler John A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA prostate carcinoma arising spontaneously in a Fischer rat was transplanted by cell suspension to male and female Fischer rats. Tumour growth was rapid in both subcutaneous and intraprostatic sites of inoculation in males and subcutaneously in females. The growth rate was greater in male than in female hosts and the tumour developed as a solid form in both groups. It had a heterogeneous cell population with ultrastructural characteristics similar to basal cells of the normal prostate and to tumour cells seen in human prostate adenocarcinoma. Later stages of tumour growth transformed it to a cornifying squamous cell carcinoma. The morphological description of tumours produced by transplantation provides the basis for further studies using this method as a model for investigating the response of prostate carcinoma to endocrine manipulation.
Proliferative responses of cultured rat prostate and human benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Mistry Damu , Buchanan Lynn , Dattani Gopal , Weaver Patrick , Riches Andrew 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe proliferative responses of rat prostate and human benign prostatic hyperpiasia have been followed in organ culture using [125I]iododeoxyuridine uptake to monitor DNA synthesis. In serum‐free cultures, testosterone induced a marked increase in DNA synthesis (threefold) in 4‐to 6‐month‐old rat prostates at concentrations of 4 × 10−9 to 4 × 10−6 M, whereas in > 12‐month‐old rat prostates the response was less marked. Human benign prostatic hyperpiasia also showed an increased uptake at similar testosterone concentrations and of a similar magnitude to the response of > 12‐month‐old rat prostates. At 10−5 M DNA synthesis was markedly suppressed in cultures of both rat and human prostate. The proliferative response of human benign prostatic hyperpiasia increases up to days 3 to 4 in culture and then declines in both control and hormone‐treated groups and may represent repair processes which appear to be hormone dependent.
Computerized image analysis of nuclear shape as a prognostic factor for prostatic cancer
Authors: Diamond David A. , Berry Stephen J. , Umbricht Christopher , Jewett Hugh J. , Coffey Donald S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComputer assisted image analysis was used to determine quantitative and reproducible nuclear morphology of 17 totally excised pathological specimens from stage B‐2 prostatic cancer in an attempt to correlate histopathological analysis with clinical prognosis for the individual patient. We describe a nuclear roundness factor that correlates with the clinical outcome of the individual patient. This nuclear shape factor appears to identify prostatic tumors with a high metastatic potential from tumors that are less aggressive. Quantitative nuclear image analysis, its accuracy, and reproducibility are described and discussed. This technique may provide the pathologist with a valuable tool for analyzing prostatic cancer cells in a quantitative manner, thereby contributing precise information to the urologist relevant to the prognosis of the individual patient.
Growth pattern and citrate production in organ cultures of adult rat ventral prostate
Authors: Khan M. A. , Seibel W. , Franklin R. B. , Provenza D. Vincent , Costello L. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstate rudiments from Wistar rats were cultured in MEM supplemented with 15% FBS and insulin (2 μg/ml). In situ prostate acinar epithelium consists of tall columnar and low basal cells. Ultrastructure of the columnar cells is that of typical secretory cells; however, the basal cells are poor in cell organelle. During the first week of culture many secretory cells degenerated and were replaced by cuboidal or low columnar cells. In the presence of testosterone (2 μg/ml) the secretory cells remained viable for 8–10 days before undergoing necrosis. At the termination of the experiment the acinar epithelium consisted of low cuboidal cells. The cultures showed a pattern of citrate production which reached a maximum at 5 days and remained relatively constant thereafter. Ultrastructure of 1‐week cultures exhibited Golgi complexes with dilated cisternae. Although a paucity of cell organelle was found in 7‐day cultures, older cultures (19 days) exhibited morphologic characteristics of normal secretory cells.