bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of hard coal ashes on the amount and quality of maize yield
Authors: Antonkiewicz Jacek 
Published: May 2008

The effect of hard coal ashes on the amount and quality of maize yield
The research was conducted in 2003 - 2005 as a pot experiment on mineral soil to which ash doses of between 13.33 g and 800.0 g · pot-1 were supplied in proportions corresponding to the amounts of between 10 and 600 t · ha-1. The investigations aimed at learning the effect of diversified ash doses upon the content, ionic relations and the uptake of Mg, Ca, Na and P by maize. Macroelement concentrations in maize were diversified depending on the object and the plant part, fluctuating from 1.52 - 7.49 g Mg; 3.79 - 11.01 g Ca; 8.07 - 23.86 g K; 0.17 - 1.52 g Na; 1.23 - 3.16 g P · kg-1 d.m. It was found that with the growing ash dose the contents of Mg, Ca, K and Na in maize were increasing systematically, whereas P concentrations were decreasing. Magnesium and potassium content in maize aboveground parts met the requirements for a good quality fodder. The level of calcium, sodium and phosphorus in maize did not remain within the optimal range. A systematic increase in Mg uptake but a decline in P absorption by the aboveground parts were registered in maize in effect of growing ash doses.
Utilization of used contact masses from the oxidation state of sulfur(IV) oxide to sulfur(VI) oxide
Authors: Trypuć Mieczysław , Mazurek Krzysztof , Kiełkowska Urszula , Drużyński Sebastian 
Published: May 2008

Utilization of used contact masses from the oxidation state of sulfur(IV) oxide to sulfur(VI) oxide
The research was conducted to determine the influence of the urea concentration in the leaching solutions on the efficiency of recovery of vanadium and iron compounds from the used vanadium catalyst from the node of oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide.
Fuel fractions obtained in the recycling of plastics
Authors: Sokołowski J. , Rokicki G. , Marczewski M. , Krajewska J. 
Published: May 2008

Fuel fractions obtained in the recycling of plastics
The decomposition of mixtures of polystyrene, polyethylene, and motor oil was studied at 470 - 510°C in a flow-through setup supplied with a fluidized bed reactor and a cascade of receivers. The aim of the work was to determine the role of the fluidized bed in the reactor, in the process of degradation of plastics in the cases where it was only a carrier of heat for the endothermal process of pyrolysis or it was both a carrier of heat and a catalytic bed for the process. The effect of the catalyst granulation and of the method of the organization of work in the reactor on the yield of the process and on the composition of the products obtained, was also studied.
In the cases where Al2 O3 of granulation 0.2 mm was used as a fluidized bed catalyst the liquid products of the decomposition of the polymers contained mainly alkyl-aromatic derivatives of styrene, benzene and alkane hydrocarbons. If nano-Al2 O3 was used as a catalyst and it was introduced into the reactor with a stream of raw materials, the obtained products were solids, composed mostly of styrene and alkene hydrocarbons.
Impact of sewage sludge and composts prepared from sewage sludge on the content and uptake of macronutrients by straw of miscanthus sacchariflorus
Authors: Iżewska Anna , Krzywy Edward , Balcer Krzysztof 
Published: May 2008

Impact of sewage sludge and composts prepared from sewage sludge on the content and uptake of macronutrients by straw of miscanthus sacchariflorus
The pot experiment was set up under the conditions of the hall of vegetation in 2002. The municipal sewage sludge and composts produced with the GWDA method in 2001 based on municipal sewage sludge with the 30% addition of structuring materials, in conversion to the dry matter, were used in the experiment. The pot experiment was set up with the split-split-plot method in three repetitions. The objects of the first factor were the doses of sewage sludge and composts (1 dose = 13 g, 2 dose = 26 g, 3 dose = 39 g, 4 dose = 52 g of dry matter in relation to the soil weight in the pot), the objects of the second factor were the types of organic fertilization (sewage sludge, 0,5-year compost prepared from sewage sludge, 1,5-year compost prepared from sewage sludge), objects of the third factor were the variants with and without nitrogen and potassium fertilization in the rates of 0.27 g N and 0.26 g K per pot. The experiment was conducted in Kick-Brauckmann's pots of 9 dm3 capacity in which 8 kg of soil were placed. The test plant cultivated in the experiment was Miscanthus sachariflorus. Seedlings of Miscanthus were planted in the first year of the experiment. The obtained results show that the content of macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in straw of Miscanthus sachariflorus was not dependent on the type of organic fertilizers used in the experiment. However, supplemental nitrogen-potassium fertilization significantly increases the content of potassium in the test plant in all three years of research and nitrogen in the second year.
The conducted research shows that the uptake of macronutrients depended on the dry matter yield quantity and the content of a given element in the yield. Within three years the straw of Miscanthus sacchariflorus took up the most of potassium - 11.63 g from the pot and the least of magnesium 1.20 g from the pot. The amount of the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium by the biomass of Miscanthus sacchariflorus from the pot on the objects fertilized with organic fertilizers was the highest in the second year of the research, which was a result of mineralization of the applied fertilizers.
Impact of manure and organic fertilizers on the quantity and content yield of heavy metals in spring rape
Authors: Krzywy Edward , Iżewska Anna 
Published: May 2008

Impact of manure and organic fertilizers on the quantity and content yield of heavy metals in spring rape
The pot experiment was set up with the split plot method in three repetitions in 2006. The objects of the first factor were the doses of manure and organic fertilizers to the soil in conversion to the brought in nitrogen (85 and 170 kg N·ha-1), the objects of the second factor were the types of fertilizers: manure, sewage sludge and the composts prepared from sewage sludge. The soil used in an experiment was supplied from The Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik. The soil was taken from the arable layer, it has the granulometric composition of the light loamy sand.
The content of available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium formed on medium level, the pHKCl of the soil amounted to 5.13. The soil was characterized by 00 contamination of trace elements, which means that it contained the natural content of cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc. Spring rape var. Licosmos was the test plant.
The aim of the research was the assessment of the influence of manure, sewage sludge and compost prepared from sewage sludge on yield quantity of seeds and straw and the content of cadmium, nickel, lead and zinc in spring rape.
The conducted research shows that fertilizers brought into the soil (manure, sewage sludge and compost prepared from sewage sludge) as well as two levels of fertilizing had a significant influence on the yield of the seeds and straw of spring rape. Manure, sewage sludge and compost prepared from sewage sludge played less significant influence on the decreasing or excessive increasing of heavy metals concentration in the seeds of spring rape. The double dose of fertilizers caused higher accumulation of heavy metals in the test plant. The straw of spring rape should be treated as a source of organic matter and the main nutrients for the soil. The highest concentration of copper, manganese, nickel and zinc in the straw of spring rape was noticed after the application of sewage sludge and of cadmium and lead after the application of compost prepared from sewage sludge.
Solid inorganic peroxy compounds in environmental protection
Authors: Walawska Barbara , Gluzińska Joanna , Miksch Korneliusz , Turek-Szytow Jolanta 
Published: May 2008

Solid inorganic peroxy compounds in environmental protection
The paper presents a solid inorganic peroxy compounds description (calcium peroxide, magnesium peroxide and sodium percarbonate) focused on the properties and environmental application, particularly for the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenols in soil environment. Modern technological processes require the use of compounds that are safe for the environment, non-toxic, easily degradable to the products, which themselves have no adverse environmental effect. Peroxides, as the chemical compounds, produce an effect on the enzymatic activity of the environment into which they are introduced. A good indicator of the activity of soil, bottom sediment or activated sludge, may be the dehydrogenase activity, which is a reflection of the general physiological state of microorganisms. Peroxides can be applied both in a pure form, as well as in mixtures with certain other groups of compounds. To enhance their efficiency they can be mixed with nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium carrying compounds.
Potassium multiphosphates for food processing
Authors: Cichy Barbara , Folek Stanisław , Makała Halina 
Published: May 2008

Potassium multiphosphates for food processing
The paper discusses the results of research on the preparation of food grade potassium di- and triphosphates and the application thereof as multiphosphate ingredients of functional additives for meat processing. The research on the process of potassium multiphosphate manufacture was performed with the use of equipment corresponding to that used on an industrial scale, facilitating thereby the transfer of the process conditions to a commercial level. The aim of the work was to obtain potassium di- and triphosphate products readily soluble in water and NaCl solutions, determination of optimum parameters of the manufacturing processes, and an application of the products obtained along with sodium multiphosphates in functional phosphate additives for selected meat products. The research presented here is part of an on-going project.
The influence of a hard coal type on the degree of sulphur dioxide removal
Authors: Marcewicz-Kuba Agnieszka , Olszewska Danuta 
Published: May 2008

The influence of a hard coal type on the degree of sulphur dioxide removal
In this paper the authors have studied the properties of zeolite and montmorillonite doped with the nickel and cobalt cations in the removal of SO2 from the combustion gases process based on the DESONOX method. Burning coal from the hard coal from the Silesian Coal Basin mine "Julian" and the Lubelskie Coal Basin mine "Bogdanka" with supports only - did not show any reduction of the SO2 emission in the combustion gases.
Evaluation of colloidal silica obtained via the co-precipitation method using octane as an organic phase
Authors: Jesionowski Teofil , Tepper Beata , Krysztafkiewicz Andrzej 
Published: May 2008

Evaluation of colloidal silica obtained via the co-precipitation method using octane as an organic phase
The studies were conducted on the production of silica from emulsion systems by co-precipitation from solutions of sodium metasilicate and hydrochloric acid and octane were used as an organic medium. The obtained products were subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis in order to define their dispersive and morphological properties. Particle diameters and polydispersity were determined by the NIBS (non-invasive back scattering) method while the shape and morphology of the particles were established using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In order to determine the adsorptive properties of the obtained monodisperse silicas, isotherms of nitrogen adsorption/desorption on their surfaces were determined. Using the isotherms, also the specific surface area, the diameter and the volume of the pores were established. In order to define the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the products, profiles of wettability and of sedimentation in water were examined. The obtained products were well wettable with water and an increase in their weight depended on the amount of the applied surfactants. The particles of the precipitated silicas manifested a defined, spherical shape and showed a relatively low polydispersity.
Studies on the recrystalization of nanocrystalline metals
Authors: Lendzion-Bieluń Zofia , Gleń Marta 
Published: May 2008

Studies on the recrystalization of nanocrystalline metals
The influence of the promoters such as CaO, Al2O3 and K2O on the specific surface area of the nanocrystalline cobalt was determined. The recrystalization process of the nanocrystalline cobalt was determined and compared with the examinations conducted on the iron catalyst for ammonia synthesis. The triply promoted nanocrystalline obtained cobalt after the annealing process, has got greater specific surface area than the triply promoted iron.
Environmental management concepts supported by information technology
Authors: Hoffmann Julia , Radosiński Edward 
Published: May 2008

Environmental management concepts supported by information technology
The genesis and development of environmental management concepts are presented. An overview of the current environmental management ideas, programmes and systems, including Sustainable Development, Responsible Care, Cleaner Production, environmental management based on ISO 14000, and EMAS is provided. Selected computer-aided tools and techniques for improving the quality of environmental management are proposed.
The effect of sewage sludge composts and potato pulp on uptaking of macroelements by the grain and straw of the spring triticale
Authors: Krzywy Józefa , Krzywy Edward , Krzywy-Gawrońska Ewa , Rozmarynowska Monika 
Published: May 2008

The effect of sewage sludge composts and potato pulp on uptaking of macroelements by the grain and straw of the spring triticale
Taking into consideration the acid pH soil, high content of potassium in relation to nitrogen and phosphorus and the insignificant quantity of heavy metals in the potato pulp and the slight alkaline pH soil as well, high amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in relation to potassium in the municipal sewage sludge, the experiment was carried out in order to define the effect of composts from these waste on uptaking macroelements by the grain and the straw of the Wanad variety spring triticale.
The vegetative - pot experiment was carried out on the brown incomplete soil of the slight acid pH (pHKCl 6,1), of the granulometric composition of slight loam (V complex), an average content of available forms of phosphorus and potassium and a high content of magnesium.
The obtained results show that the grain and the straw of spring trticale took distinctly more macroelements under the influence the fertilization of the composts with the municipal sewage sludge (30%) and the potato pulp (30%) in comparison with the composts with the 60% participation of the potato pulp. The supplementary mineral fertilization which was used against in comparison to composts, increased uptaking the macroelements by the tested plant. The double dose of composts and mineral fertilizers visibly increased nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, cooper, magnesium and sulphur absorbance by the grain and the straw of spring trticale in comparison with the series with a single dose of composts and a supplementary mineral fertilization.
The morphological and dispersive characterization of commercial titanium dioxides
Authors: Jesionowski Teofil , Siwińska-Stefańska Katarzyna , Krysztafkiewicz Andrzej , Sójka-Ledakowicz Jadwiga , Koprowska Joanna , Lewartowska Joanna 
Published: May 2008

The morphological and dispersive characterization of commercial titanium dioxides
The physicochemical and dispersive characterizations were conducted on the selected commercial titanium dioxides produced by, Z. Ch. POLICE, S. A. The dispersive properties were defined in detail by an analysis of particle size distribution and polydispersity index. Moreover, the microscope studies were executed to evaluate the surface morphology of the studied TiO2 forms. The profiles of titanium dioxides sedimentation in water were determined and the specific surface areas were defined by the BET method.
Granulated organic and mineral fertilizers: Technology and utility properties
Authors: Rosik-Dulewska Czesława , Robak Jolanta , Głowala Katarzyna 
Published: May 2008

Granulated organic and mineral fertilizers: Technology and utility properties
This work presents the selected aspects of a technological concept for the production of organic and mineral fertilizers from communal sludge stabilized with volatile ash, by using two methods of granulation: coating and pressure. The presented concept is the effect of optimization, taking into account an interference of a number of factors exerted onto the fertilizing values and the mechanical strength of the final products. The fertilizers (contain ash from brown coal) obtained according to that method are characterized by a sufficient (according to law) content of organic matter (35,73% w/w), total nitrogen (1,70% w/w), phosphorus P2 O5 (3,62% w/w) and after the modification, also potassium K2O (8,43% w/w). The mechanical properties are better for the granulates, prepared by using pressure granulation (15,1 kG/cm2) and allow for their transportation, storage and application.
The influence of fluorine on municipal sewage biological treatment
Authors: Gluzińska Joanna , Legutko Marian 
Published: May 2008

The influence of fluorine on municipal sewage biological treatment
The authors examined the influence of fluorine as a factor disrupting the processes of municipal sewage biological treatment. Sodium fluoride was introduced to a municipal plant sewage treated in an oxygen zone, acting as a simulator of uncontrolled industrial sewage discharge. The influence of fluoride ion concentration and the duration of sewage treatment on its biological purification processes were examined. Also, the dependencies of the direction of changes in inorganic nitrogen connections, phosphorus concentration, COD and fluorine on the initial fluorine compound content in the purified sewage were determined. Research samples of the municipal sewage were drawn at the opening of the oxygen zone in a typical municipal sewage treatment plant (RLM > 100 000) employing intensified biogenic substance removal.
Catalityc removal of nitrogen oxide from combustion gases
Authors: Ćwikła-Bundyra Wiesława 
Published: May 2008

Catalityc removal of nitrogen oxide from combustion gases
Nitrogen oxide conversion to nitrogen over Pt/Al2 O3, Pd/Al2O3, Rh/Al2O3 catalysts was investigated. The results of the catalytic activity investigations, with the iso-x method, showed that NO reduction by methane occurs at a reasonable rate at the temperature range 200-500°C. Alumina-supported Pd, Pt and Rh catalysts have been compared for the selective reduction of NO to N2. All the catalysts showed good activity in NO reduction by methane, giving around 80 - 90% N2 production. At moderate temperatures Pt is the most active catalyst for the removal of NO.
Uncommon applications of statistical methods of the design of experiments in chemical technology and environment protection
Authors: Lewandowski Grzegorz , Ćwirko Jan 
Published: May 2008

Uncommon applications of statistical methods of the design of experiments in chemical technology and environment protection
The review of literature related to the applications of statistic methods of design of experiments in chemical technology and environment protection was presented in the work. The research that consists of two stages: a stage of choosing the best variables describing an experimental object and a stage of proper experimental investigation, seems particularly interesting.
An interesting example of an application of statistical strategies in environmental protection is the optimization of photoactivity of TiO2/SiO2 mixture, received by a sol-gel technique. TiO2, due to its specific feature, was applied in the photocatalytic methods of removing toxic compounds from water and air. In the experiments there were used two designs - the fractional factorial design 25-1 (as the elimination one) and the central composite design (as the proper one). Following the data analysis from the elimination plan two variables were eliminated, which helped to simplify the research object.
Among other uncommon applications of the design of experiments: the optimization of the conditions for the extraction of natural pigments used in dyeing food, the production of fatty acid methyl esters used as diesel oil substitutes (biodiesel) and the optimization of a supercritical fluid extraction methodology for the analysis of castor oil, should be mentioned.
Controlled release fertilizers
Authors: Lubkowski Krzysztof , Grzmil Barbara 
Published: May 2008

Controlled release fertilizers
The efficiency of nitrogen assimilation by plants is rather low and this is a serious problem in view of environmental protection. Improvement of nitrogen absorption can be carried out through the developing, producing and applying the controlled release fertilizers. Biodegradable chitosan has been proposed as an alternative material in the production of controlled release fertilizers.
A model of the meat waste management
Authors: Kowalski Zygmunt , Krupa-Żuczek Kinga 
Published: May 2008

A model of the meat waste management
The European Union produces about 18 million tons of waste from meat industry per year. The real danger of the BSE disease caused a necessity of looking for a new alternative solution of meat waste management. The proposed solution of meat industry waste management would create meat production waste free with the use of the cleaner production method. Cleaner production includes: pollution prevention, reduction of the source, recovery of materials and energy (for example: the recovery of blood plasma and protein hydrolisate from bone sludge) and their recycling. The thermal processing of meat industrial waste (bone sludge, meat-bone meal and odour) is anticipated, too. Ashes from meat calcining have the phosphorus content close to its concentration, of the typical phosphoric raw materials. That confirmed the possibility of using such ashes as the substitute of phosphoric raw materials. The target model of waste free meat waste management included the results of the implemented and current research.
The influence of ozonation on the activated carbon adsorption of phenol and humic acid
Authors: Seredyńska-Sobecka Bożena , Tomaszewska Maria 
Published: May 2008

The influence of ozonation on the activated carbon adsorption of phenol and humic acid
To study the influence of ozonation on the activated carbon adsorption, a model solution containing approximately 8 mg/dm3 of humic acid and approximately 1 mg/dm3 of phenol has been ozonated, and then adsorption kintetics and adsorption isotherm experiments have been performed. The applied ozone doses ranged from 1 to 3 mg O3/dm3, and a contact time was 1 min. In the adsorption experiments, the commercial activated carbon CWZ-30 (Gryfskand Sp. z o.o., Hajnówka, Poland) has been used. Phenol adsorption under equilibrium conditions was determined by the Freundlich isotherm equation, and the modified Freudlich isotherm equation has been employed for the determination of humic acid equilibrium adsorption. The applied oxidation conditions resulted in color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and UV254 absorbance removal, by 4 - 13%, 3 - 6%, 3 - 7%, respectively. After ozonation, phenol concentration decreased by 6 - 23%. These changes in the model solution did not affect the humic acid adsorption, however, they deteriorated phenol adsorption.