bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the fatty acid composition of canola, flax, and solin by near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Siemens Bert J. , Daun James K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe ability to rapidly measure key FA in oilseed crops would assist in the administration of identity‐preserved systems in the grain‐handling system or in selection systems in plant‐breeding programs. This study shows near‐infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy to be a reliable method of determining FA composition in canola, flax, and solin (low‐linolenic flax), for oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and iodine value, and to a limited extent for saturated fat. Samples from cultivar trials, harvest surveys, and export shipments were scanned on a NIRSystems 6500 spectrometer (Silver Spring, MD), and calibrations were developed and optimized using modified partial least squares. SE of prediction results for prediction sets of canola, flax, and solin, were, respectively: oleic acid (0.77, 1.03, 0.62%); linoleic acid (0.71, 1.20, 0.37%); linolenic acid (0.42, 0.62, 0.08%); saturated FA (0.23, 0.39, 0.31%); and iodine value (0.63, 0.95, 0.43 units).
Temperature‐dependent kinematic viscosity of selected biodiesel fuels and blends with diesel fuel
Authors: Yuan Wenqiao , Hansen Alan C. , Zhang Qin , Tan Zhongchao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe kinematic viscosities of four biodiesel fuels—two natural soybean oil methyl esters, one genetically modified soybean oil methyl ester, and one yellow grease methyl ester—and their 75, 50, and 25% blends with No. 2 diesel fuel were measured in the temperature range from 20 to 100°C in steps of 20°C. The measurements indicated that all these fuels had viscosity‐temperature relationships similar to No. 2 diesel fuel, which followed the Vogel equation as expected. A weighted semilog blending equation was developed in which the mass‐based kinematic viscosity of the individual components was used to compute the mixture viscosity. A weight factor of 1.08 was applied to biodiesel fuel to account for its effect on the mixture viscosity. The average absolute deviation achieved with this method was 2.1%, which was better than the uncorrected mass average blending equation that had an average absolute deviation of 4.5%. The relationship between the viscosity and the specific gravity of biodiesel fuels was studied. A method that could estimate the viscosity from the specific gravity of biodiesel fuel was developed. The average absolute deviation for all the samples using this method was 2.7%. The accuracy of this method was comparable to the weighted mass‐based semilog blending equation.
Physical properties of oleochemical carbonates
Authors: Kenar James A. , Knothe Gerhard , Dunn Robert O. , Ryan Thomas W. , Matheaus Andrew 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCarbonates are a class of compounds that have recently found increasing interest in commercial applications owing to their physical properties and relatively straightforward synthesis. In this work, physical and fuel properties of five straight‐chain C17–39 and three branched C17–33 oleochemical carbonates were investigated. These properties included cetane number (CN), low‐temperature properties, (kinematic) viscosity, lubricity, and surface tension. The carbonates studied had CN ranging from 47 to 107 depending on carbon chain length and branching. For the same number of carbons, the CN of carbonates were lower than those of FA alkyl esters owing to interruption of the CH2 chain by the carbonate moiety. Kinematic viscosities at 40°C ranged from 4.9 to 22.6 mm2/s whereas m.p. ranged from +3 to below −50°C depending on the carbonate structure. High‐frequency reciprocating rig testing showed the neat carbonates to have acceptable lubricity that improved as chain length increased. Finally, the carbonate's ability to influence cold‐flow properties in biodiesel (methyl soyate) and lubricity in low‐lubricity ultra‐low sulfur diesel were examined. The carbonates studied did not significantly affect cold flow or lubricity properties at concentrations up to 10,000 ppm (1 wt%). The properties of the carbonates resemble those of fatty alkyl esters with similar trends resulting from compound structure.
Nociceptor sensitization to mechanical and thermal stimuli in pig skin in vivo
Authors: Rukwied Roman , Dusch Martin , Schley Marcus , Forsch Elmar , Schmelz Martin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPrimary hyperalgesia to mechanical and thermal stimuli are major clinical symptoms of inflammatory pain and can be induced experimentally by ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) irradiation in humans. We set‐up a pig model in order to have more options for pharmacological intervention on primary hyperalgesia.Pig skin was irradiated with a dose one‐ to threefold higher than the minimum erythema dose (MED) and investigated for mechanical and heat responsiveness 24 and 48h post UV‐B treatment. C‐fiber activation upon mechanical and thermal stimulation was assessed indirectly by extent of the axon reflex erythema (flare) measured by laser Doppler imaging. Mechanical stimulation with von Frey filaments (100mN) induced flare responses in UV‐B treated skin at 24 and 48h, but no effect was measured in normal untreated skin. Increased mechanical stimulation (600mN) elicited a small flare response in normal skin in an area of 1.8cm2 on average that was extending about 2.5cm2 in the UV‐B irradiated sites. Thermal stimuli provoked in normal pig skin flare areas of approximately 2cm2 (45°C, 10s) and 4.5cm2 (47°C, 10s) which increased to about 3.5cm2 (45°C) and 5.5cm2 (47°C) following UV‐B irradiation at 24 and 48h. No significant differences of mechanically or thermally induced hypersensitivity were seen between 24 and 48h after irradiation.We conclude that UV‐B induced mechanical and heat sensitization of primary afferent nociceptors can be assessed in pig skin, providing a new human‐like model of primary hyperalgesia. Sensitization of primarily mechano‐insensitive (silent) nociceptors, which are underlying the flare response in humans, most probably contributes to the observation presented here.
Comparison of misoprostol and manual vacuum aspiration for the treatment of incomplete abortion
Authors: Bique C. , Ustá M. , Debora B. , Chong E. , Westheimer E. , Winikoff B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective: To compare the safety, efficacy, and acceptability of misoprostol versus manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) for treatment of incomplete abortion in Maputo, Mozambique. Methods: A total of 270 women with clinically diagnosed incomplete abortions of up to 12 weeks of gestation were randomized to either 600 μg oral misoprostol or MVA. Women were followed‐up seven days later to evaluate whether the abortion was complete. Results: Success was high for both MVA and misoprostol groups (100% vs 91%, P = 0.002). Women in the MVA arm reported fewer side effects but higher pain scores. Women who received misoprostol were significantly more likely to be “very satisfied” with the treatment and willing to choose the method again. Conclusion: Although oral misoprostol was less effective than MVA in this study, it was more acceptable to women. Misoprostol is well‐suited for use in low‐resource settings, and should be promoted as an option for the treatment of incomplete abortion.
Inventing needs: expertise and water supply in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Paris
Authors: GRABER FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the notion of need, in this case an entire city's global need for water. This was a notion invented by Paris technicians between 1760 and 1804 in the context of several water supply projects, notably two river diversion schemes, those of the Yvette and the Ourcq, where the concept was much discussed. Different ways of considering the question of need – such as water resources, consumption and use, whether present or future – were strongly related to engineers' or scientists' conceptions of their own work. State engineers claimed they could make objective estimates of future needs with no reference to either value judgements or political intentions, a position which made it possible to keep strong control over the decision in the name of the state. In contrast, a practically trained engineer working outside the state corps claimed that in the case of expertise about the future, estimates would depend strongly on political intentions, norms and ideals, so the government should first give an outline of its intended actions. The paper studies the differences between these two approaches to the concept of need, especially how they articulated knowledge about what is and knowledge about what ought to be, present and future. The paper ends by linking these differences to conceptions of what was supposed to be technical or political in such projects and of what role engineers intended to play in the decision-making process.
Successful computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy in patients with unipolar depression: a proof of principle study
Authors: ELGAMAL SAFA , McKINNON MARGARET C. , RAMAKRISHNAN KARUNA , JOFFE RUSSELL T. , MacQUEEN GLENDA 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite increasing awareness of the extent and severity of cognitive deficits in major depressive disorder (MDD), trials of cognitive remediation have not been conducted. We conducted a 10-week course of cognitive remediation in patients with long-term MDD to probe whether deficits in four targeted cognitive domains, (i) memory, (ii) attention, (iii) executive functioning and (iv) psychomotor speed, could be improved by this intervention.MethodWe administered a computerized cognitive retraining package (PSSCogReHab) with demonstrated efficacy to 12 stable patients with recurrent MDD. Twelve matched patients with MDD and a group of healthy control participants were included for comparison; neither comparator group received the intervention that involved stimulation of cognitive functions through targeted, repetitive exercises in each domain.ResultsPatients who received cognitive training improved on a range of neuropsychological tests targeting attention, verbal learning and memory, psychomotor speed and executive function. This improvement exceeded that observed over the same time period in a group of matched comparisons. There was no change in depressive symptom scores over the course of the trial, thus improvement in cognitive performance occurred independent of other illness variables.ConclusionsThese results provide preliminary evidence that improvement of cognitive functions through targeted, repetitive exercises is a viable method of cognitive remediation in patients with recurrent MDD.
Adult pertussis vaccination strategies and their impact on pertussis in the United States: evaluation of routine and targeted (cocoon) strategies
Authors: COUDEVILLE L. , VAN RIE A. , ANDRE P. 
Published: July 2007

SUMMARYA compartmental, age-structured mathematical model was developed and recent US pertussis epidemiology data were used to evaluate the impact on pertussis infection rates of routine and targeted adult immunization strategies. Model simulations predict that the implementation of adolescent immunization only could reverse the current rise in pertussis infection rates but may lead to a resurgence of pertussis in subsequent decades. In contrast, inclusion of a routine adult strategy is likely to lead to sustained control of pertussis. Routine adult vaccination could control the disease even with relatively low coverage rates of 40% for routine vaccination of all adults every 10 years, or 65% for a targeted vaccination of close contacts of newborns completed by one booster dose for all adults. The model also predicts that the optimal age for this booster dose is 40 years. These results support the 2006 American Academy of Immunization Practices' recommendations for adolescent and adult vaccination against pertussis.
Potential renal acid load in the diet of children and adolescents: impact of food groups, age and time trends
Authors: Alexy Ute , Kersting Mathilde , Remer Thomas 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe impact of acid–base balance on health is widely accepted. Here, we describe the potential renal acid load (PRAL) in the diet of healthy German children and adolescents.DesignThe Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study is an ongoing longitudinal (open cohort) study (start 1985) collecting detailed data on diet, growth, development and metabolism in infants, children and adolescents.SettingResearch Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund.SubjectsSeven hundred and twenty children and adolescents (351 boys and 369 girls), aged 3–18 years, provided 4187 yearly collected 3-day dietary records between 1995 and 2005.ResultsMean daily PRAL was positive in all age/sex groups (6–21 mEq day−1), and significantly higher in boys than in girls after the age of 8 years, even when calculated as mEq MJ−1. Fruits, vegetables and potatoes had a negative impact on PRAL; cheese, dairy products, cereals/bread and meat/fish/eggs had a positive impact. In a mixed linear model, PRAL, expressed as mEq day−1 and mEq MJ−1, remained stable during the study period, since time trends of PRAL-relevant food groups countervail each other. PRAL intake (mEq MJ−1) was significantly positively associated (P < 0.0001) with fat intake (% of energy intake, %E), but negatively with carbohydrate intake (%E; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe analysis of dietary habits in our sample of German children and adolescents showed a moderate excess of acidity. Especially older boys should be encouraged to eat more potatoes and vegetables as good sources of dietary alkalinity. The PRAL concept is compatible with current concepts for a healthy diet.
Unique patterns of dietary adequacy in three cultures of Canadian Arctic indigenous peoples
Authors: Kuhnlein Harriet V , Receveur Olivier , Soueida Rula , Berti Peter R 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundInformation is needed on dietary adequacy of Arctic indigenous populations in Canada. Extensive work has been completed on composition of Arctic food and food use, and dietary reference intakes are available.ObjectiveTo complete the first comprehensive dietary adequacy assessment of three populations of adult Arctic indigenous people.Setting and subjectsDietary assessment interviews were conducted with randomly selected indigenous adults during two seasons in 44 representative communities of Yukon First Nations (n= 797), Dene/Métis, (n= 1007) and Inuit (n= 1525).MethodsTwenty-four-hour recalls were used to derive adjusted distributions of usual nutrient intakes in four age/gender groups for assessment of dietary adequacy for carbohydrate, dietary fibre, protein,n–3 fatty acids,n–6 fatty acids, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, vitamin A, riboflavin, folate, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E.ResultsNutrients with high prevalence of adequacy for most age/gender groups in all three cultures were protein, carbohydrate,n–3 fatty acids, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, riboflavin and vitamin B6; some individuals exceeded the upper intake level for iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A and vitamin D. Estimated average requirement nutrients of concern for adequacy were magnesium, folate, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E; however, a few age/gender groups were exceptions. Prevalence of inadequacy for AI nutrients which may be undesirably high were fibre,n–6 fatty acids and calcium. Vitamin D was more adequate in Inuit women and men than for Yukon First Nations or Dene/Métis.ConclusionsUnique patterns of dietary adequacy exist among Arctic indigenous peoples. Local wildlife food sources and market food sources should be maximised for their nutrient contributions to Arctic diets.
Inadequate intakes of dietary zinc among pregnant women from subsistence households in Sidama, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Yewelsew , Bogale Alemtsehay , Hambidge K Michael , Stoecker Barbara J , Arbide Isabel , Teshome Akilu , Krebs Nancy F , Westcott Jamie E , Bailey Karl B , Gibson Rosalind S 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of zinc inadequacy based on dietary intakes and plasma zinc concentrations and, simultaneously, the prevalence of inadequate intakes of energy, protein, calcium and iron.DesignA cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of subsistence farming households in Sidama, Southern Ethiopia.SubjectsDietary intakes were calculated from 1-day weighed food records and 40 repeats from 99 pregnant women in the third trimester using analysed values of major staple foods for zinc, iron, calcium and phytate. The distribution of observed intakes was adjusted for usual intakes and the prevalence of inadequacy estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cutpoint method. Prevalence of inadequacy for zinc, protein and iron intakes were compared with those based on biochemical measures.ResultsPrevalence of zinc inadequacy was very high: 99% for US FNB EAR and 100% for IZiNCG EAR compared to 72% based on low plasma zinc concentrations. Corresponding prevalence estimates for iron were much lower: 4% for inadequate intakes based on US FNB EAR vs.8.7% for iron deficiency anaemia (haemoglobin < 110 g l−1; ferritin < 12 μg l−1) and 32.3% for low storage iron. Prevalence of inadequacy for protein was 100% for adjusted intakes and 91% for serum albumin < 32 g l−1. For calcium, 74% were at risk for inadequate intakes.ConclusionThe high prevalence of inadequate intakes of zinc and protein was reasonably consistent with those based on biochemical measures. Such dietary deficits could be overcome by regular consumption of cellular animal protein. In contrast, both dietary and biochemical measures of iron inadequacy were low.
Seven distinct dietary patterns identified among pregnant Finnish women – associations with nutrient intake and sociodemographic factors
Authors: Arkkola Tuula , Uusitalo Ulla , Kronberg-Kippilä Carina , Männistö Satu , Virtanen Mikko , Kenward Michael G , Veijola Riitta , Knip Mikael , Ovaskainen Marja-Leena , Virtanen Suvi M 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo identify and describe dietary patterns in a cohort of pregnant women and investigate whether the dietary patterns are associated with dietary intake and sociodemographic factors.DesignMothers entering the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Nutrition Study in 1997–2002 were retrospectively asked to complete a food-frequency questionnaire concerning their diet during pregnancy. Principal components analysis was used to identify dietary patterns.SettingFinland.SubjectsSubjects were 3730 women with a newborn infant carrying increased genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus.ResultsSeven factors were identified and named. Energy intake correlated positively with ‘Healthy’, ‘Fast food’, ‘Traditional bread’, ‘Traditional meat’ and ‘Coffee’ patterns and inversely with the ‘Alcohol and butter’ pattern. Intake of dietary fibre correlated positively with ‘Healthy’, ‘Traditional bread’ and ‘Low-fat foods’ patterns and inversely with the ‘Alcohol and butter’ pattern. The seven dietary patterns seemed to account for relatively large proportions of the variance in energy and nutrient intakes except for the intake of vitamin D, vitamin C, carotenoids and calcium. Maternal age and higher level of education were associated with higher scores on ‘Healthy’, ‘Low-fat foods’ and ‘Alcohol and butter’ patterns.ConclusionPrincipal components analysis produced seven dietary patterns which may be useful for further research concerning maternal diet and health outcomes among both mothers and their offspring.
A scientific synthesis and assessment of the Arctic Carbon Cycle
Authors: Hayes Daniel J. , Guo Laodong , McGuire A. David 
Published: July 2007

The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), along with the Climate and Cryosphere (CliC) Project and the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), sponsored the Arctic Carbon Cycle Assessment Workshop, at the Red Lion Hotel in Seattle, Wash., between 27 February and 1 March 2007. The workshop was held in a general effort toward the scientific synthesis and assessment of the Arctic system carbon cycle, as well as to generate feedback on the working draft of an assessment document. The initial assessment was prepared by the Arctic carbon cycle assessment writing team, which is led by A. David McGuire (University of Alaska Fairbanks) and includes Leif Anderson (Goteborg University, Sweden), Torben Christensen (Lund University, Sweden), Scott Dallimore (Natural Resources Canada), Laodong Guo (University of Southern Mississippi), Martin Heimann (Max Planck Institute, Germany), Robie MacDonald (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada), and Nigel Roulet (McGill University, Canada).The workshop brought together leading researchers in the fields of terrestrial, marine, and atmospheric science to report on and discuss the current state of knowledge on contemporary carbon stocks and fluxes in the Artie and their potential responses to a changing climate. The workshop was attended by 35 scientists representing institutions from 10 countries in addition to two representatives of the sponsor agencies (John Calder for AMAP and Diane Verseghy for CliC).
Sharing Detailed Research Data Is Associated with Increased Citation Rate
Authors: Piwowar Heather 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPresentation based on the publication here:Piwowar HA, Day RS, Fridsma DB (2007) Sharing Detailed Research Data Is Associated with Increased Citation Rate. PLoS ONE 2(3): e308. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000308Sharing research data provides benefit to the general scientific community, but the benefit is less obvious for the investigator who makes his or her data available.We examined the citation history of 85 cancer microarray clinical trial publications with respect to the availability of their data. The 48% of trials with publicly available microarray data received 85% of the aggregate citations. Publicly available data was significantly (p = 0.006) associated with a 69% increase in citations, independently of journal impact factor, date of publication, and author country of origin using linear regression.This correlation between publicly available data and increased literature impact may further motivate investigators to share their detailed research data.