bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particulate cancellous marrow crib graft reconstruction of mandibular defects
Authors: Giordano Anthony , Brady Dennis , Foster Craig , Adams George 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBetween 1969 and 1978 more than 1000 mandible fractures were treated by the otolaryngology services at the University of Minnesota and affiliated hospitals. Most were successfully treated but 17 patients had significant loss of mandibular bone resulting in a much more difficult management problem. The loss of bone was usually due either to the initial injury such as a gunshot wound or was secondary to the complications of nonunion or osteomyelitis. Particulate cancellous marrow grafts within a Vitallium® or titanium mesh crib (PCM crib graft) were used to reconstruct the mandibular defects. One patient had bilateral defects requiring 2 PCM crib grafts. Thus, 18 grafts spanning defects 2 to 12 cm were performed. Success was measured by a stable mandible with satisfactory occlusion and he ability to chew, swallow and articulate satisfactorally. Of 18 grafts, 15 met these requirements. Several factors important to successful mandibular reconstruction included adequate immobolization, intraoral soft tissue coverage, external skin cover and tension‐free closure and optimal intraoral hygiene.The crib used to hold the particulate cancellous marrow in position during the healing phase has been removed in three otherwise successful cases because of intraoral mucosal tenting or dehiscence or to allow adequate fitting of dentures. In our experience, the use of autogenous cancellous bone and marrow in metallic mesh has been a successful means of restoring function and stability to mandibular defects.
Otitis media with perforation of the tympanic membrane: A longitudinal experimental study
Authors: Goycoolea Marcos V. , Paparella Michael M. , Juhn S. K. , Carpenter Anna‐Mary 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDespite the high incidence and prevalence of otitis media, its pathogenesis is not thoroughly understood. In an effort to provide a better understanding of this disease, experimental animal models have been developed which corroborate the changes observed in humans. In this study a new factor was added: tympanic membrane perforation 1 week after Eustachian tube obstruction. Twelve cats were divided in 4 even groups, and sacrificed at 1 and 2 weeks, 1 and 3 months after perforation, and their temporal bones were studied.Findings revealed an early massive reaction of the mucoperiosteum with granulation and polypoidal tissue formation which filled a considerable portion of the middle ear cavity. Polypoidal changes involved the stapediovestibular joint, possibly explaining the cases of stapes fixation found at tympanomastoidectomy procedures for chronic otitis media.Cholesterol granulomas with the classic characteristics as described in humans were observed in all animals at 3 month periods. These were preceded by clefts in the effusions, at 1 month, containing red blood cells. These clefts were considered as probable precursors of cholesterol granuloma formation. The association of endolymphatic hydrops, round window membrane changes, and otitis media without purulent labyrinthitis was observed; however, it was felt that the paucity of animals precluded any definite conclusions.
Metastatic malignant disease to the parotid gland
Authors: Yarington C. Thomas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA survey of over 250 consecutive parotidectornies performed at The Mason Clinic indicates a surprising incidence of metastatic malignant disease to the parotid gland. Four percent of all parotidectornies performed indicated a metastatic focus of malignancy from an unsuspected primary outside areas of the head and neck usually implicated in parotid disease. Twenty‐five percent of all cancer discovered at parotidectomy was metastatic malignant disease to the parotid gland. The most common site was the lung. A high index of suspicion, evaluation of pathologic specimens by electron microscopy, and detailed metastatic work‐up for patients with malignant disease in parotid lymph nodes are recommendations which should be considered by the surgeon performing parotid procedures.
Perilymph fistulas
Authors: Althaus Sean R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA perilymph fistula is an abnormal communication between the fluids surrounding the membranous labyrinth and the middle ear space. Because of the potential hazards of meningitis, permanent hearing loss, and occasionally incapacitating vestibular symptoms, early recognition and prompt repair of the perilymph leak is important.One hundred thirty three cases of perilymph fistulas are presented, stressing the clinical characteristics, evaluation, and management of patients with this otologic entity. The historical and contemporary literature on this subject is reviewed. A pathophysiological basis for perilymph fistula formation is presented, based upon certain anatomic, physiologic and mechanical principles involving the temporal bone and surrounding structures.For the purpose of publication, the Materials and Methods and Evaluation sections of the paper have been omitted. These are available from the author upon request in mimeographed form. The interested reader may wish to refer to items 80 and 133 in the Bibliography, previous publications by the author in which the bulk of the data used in the omitted sections can be found.
Cervical nodal metastases of unknown origin
Authors: Leipzig Bruce , Winter Mark L. , Hokanson James A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA study of 48 patients with metastatic carcinoma in the neck from an unknown primary site has revealed several facts. Among patients with squamous cell carcinoma, the three‐year survival rate was 40%. Whether treated with surgery (radical neck dissection) or with radical irradiation alone, the response of these tumors was similar in smaller N1 nodes; when treated with a combined therapeutic approach, they responded well in larger (N2 and N3) cervical nodes. Whether or not the primary tumor was found did not affect survival rates; the stage of the presenting nodal metastases did not appear to correlate with survival.A large group of patients with adenocarcinoma metastatic to cervical lymph nodes all died of the disease within two years. All appeared with metastases in the supraclavicular fossa; no modality of treatment to the neck, whether by surgery or irradiation, was effective.
Laryngeal reconstruction by composite nasal mucoseptal graft after partial laryngectomy.three years follow‐up
Authors: Laurian N. , Zohar Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe have used autogenous nasal mucoseptal (NMS) graft for the reconstruction of the larynx after partial laryngectomy in glottic carcinoma invading the anterior commissure, for the past three years.The composite graft, readily available and obtained without sequela, provides satisfactory and large enough replacement tissue. It provides both a dependable rigid cartilaginous wall and a respiratory mucous lining of the lumen. The method was found to be simple and effective in bridging the laryngeal defect.The free NMS graft was used for reconstruction after extended frontal and frontolateral laryngectomy in 10 patients. The patients were successfully decannulated within 4 to 6 days after the operation and in none of the cases was nasogaptric feeding tube or laryngeal stenting necessary. In eight patients anatomical and functional results were achieved; the neolarynx prevented a permanent tracheostomy and a fair voice was obtained.
Mononuclear phagocyte function in head and neck cancer: NBT‐dye reduction, maturation and migration of peripheral blood monocytes
Authors: Balm Fons J. M. , Drexhage Hemmo A. , Von Blomberg Mary E. , Snow Gordon B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe number of blood monocytes, their ability to mature into macrophages, their NBT‐dye reduction capacity and their migration towards casein were studied in 29 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, 12 patients with squamous cell carcinoma at other sites within the head and neck and two groups of male controls, one of 29.7 yrs. ± 7.2 (SD) and the other of 71.4 yrs ± 6.8 (SD). An age dependency of monocyte function in healthy individuals was established. Increased numbers of monocytes per ml blood were found in the older men. These cells showed an enhanced migration toward casein. Their maturation capacity was decreased.A clear impairment of migration toward casein was found in the two groups of carcinoma patients. The number of monocytes was only marginally affected. The maturation was found to be enhanced. An impaired recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes at the site of malignant growth due to diminished migratory capacities might be important for failing immune surveillance.
Pulsatile tinnitus arising from jugular megabulb deformity: A treatment rationale
Authors: Buckwalter Jeffrey A. , Sasaki Clarence T. , Virapongse Chat , Kier E. Leon , Bauman Natan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPulsatile tinnitus is a rare presenting symptom in patients with enlarged jugular bulbs. We will describe three young women presenting with right pulsatile tinnitus associated with a megabulb deformity of the temporal bone. After extensive radiologic and audiologic evaluation, no vascular or bony abnormalities could be identified. All three patients demonstrated pulsatile bruits over the right temple. Pulsatile tinnitus disappeared with ipsilateral jugular compression suggestingflowrather thanpressureto be responsible for abnormal auditory symptoms. This observation formed the basis of our treatment recommendations.Because of progressively debilitating pulsatile tinnitus, two patients elected right internal jugular vein ligations under local anesthesia. Both patients were relieved of tinnitus.We conclude that jugular vein ligation can be a safe and effective surgical treatment for pulsatile tinnitus resulting from a jugular megabulb deformity, provided two criteria are met:1, The presence of an expanding tumor is ruled out.2. The presence of contralateral venous drainage is established by angiography or brain scan. Anatomic and functional hemodynamic considerations of brain circulation will be emphasized in the discussion of our treatment rationale.
Otosyphilis and hearing loss: Response to penicillin and steroid therapy
Authors: Dobbin James M. , Perkins John H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAcquired and congenital syphilis are both known causes of potentially reversible sensorineural hearing loss. Various therapeutic regimens, including penicillin and/or corticosteroids have been used in the past as treatment for otosyphilis. Response rates have varied from 15% to 80%. In this retrospective study, 13 patients with otosyphilis were treated with a combined course of long‐term penicillin and prednisone. A significant response was defined as a 15% improvement in the discrimination score and/or the pure tone average. Initial response rates were 35% with a lasting response rate of 15%. Discrimination scores improved more commonly than pure tone averages. No patient with congenital syphilis or profound deafness had a lasting response. An analysis of possible reasons for failure of therapy is discussed.
Cis‐platinum Ototoxicity: Clinical experience and temporal bone histopathology
Authors: Strauss Melvin , Towfighi Javad , Lord Sherman , Lipton Allan , Harvey Harold A. , Brown Barbara 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA clinical and pathologic study of cis‐platinum ototoxicity was performed. Twenty‐four patients treated with cis‐platinum for head and neck cancer were studied prospectively. Post cis‐platinum hearing losses were subclinical, detected in 25% of patients, isolated to 4 and 8 kHz, and did not exceed 25 dB at any frequency.Temporal bones from a 9‐year‐old with frontal lobe astrocytoma and with cis‐platinum ototoxicity were studied with routine and special techniques to elucidate oto and neurotoxicity. Degenerative changes in the outer hair cells in the lower turns of the cochlea, in the spiral ganglion, and cochlear nerve were the most striking findings.
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea: A community's experience
Authors: Maisel Robert H. , Antonelli Patrick J. , Iber Conrad , Mahowald Mark , Wilson Kent S. , Fiedler Barbara , Schluter Jan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) has become an accepted method for treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with a reported success rate as high as 77%, depending upon inclusionary and outcome criteria. The authors reviewed the records of 90 patients with moderately severe OSA (apnea plus hypopnea index [AHI] greater than 20) who underwent UPPP at either a private community or an academic hospital. Forty percent of patients experienced more than a 50% reduction in their AHI with UPPP. Only 22 (24%) of the patients had a postoperative AHI less than 50% of the preoperative AHI and less than 20, i.e., met the authors' criteria for surgical success. The success rate for community otolaryngologists was no different than that achieved in the academic institution. When data from previously published reports were analyzed using these criteria for success, similar results were observed.This study suggests that the effectiveness of UPPP performed by the general otolaryngologic community is equivalent to that reported in the literature. However, more rigorous criteria must be applied to UPPP when evaluating its results and in counseling potential candidates for this procedure.
Juvenile angiofibroma: A review of the literature and a case series report
Authors: Gullane Patrick J. , Davidson Jean , O'Dwyer Tadgh , Forte Vito 
Published: October 2006

AbstractJuvenile angiofibroma is a rare, histologically benign tumor which occurs almost exclusively in adolescent boys. The morbidity and mortality associated with this tumor are related to its prominent vascularity and its propensity for aggressive local growth.From 1974 through 1988, 21 male patients with a diagnosis of juvenile angiofibroma were managed at the Toronto General Hospital or the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Preoperative computed tomography was performed on 20 patients, selective angiography on 21 patients, and preoperative embolization on 15 patients. Primary surgery was performed on 67% of these patients, with radiation therapy used for advanced stage II and stage III disease or in response to patient preference. Pterygopalatine fossa involvement was demonstrated in 90% of the patients; as a result, the lateral rhinotomy approach was most commonly used in the surgical cases. A successful outcome was achieved in 86% of patients treated with surgery alone. Two patients underwent radiotherapy for salvage following postoperative recurrence. There were no treatment'related deaths and no major surgical complications.The value of computed tomography is discussed, the authors' treatment protocol is outlined, and the case series results are presented.
Expression of the major mammalian stress protein in the rat cochlea following transient ischemia
Authors: Myers Michael W. , Quirk Wayne S. , Rizk Samieh S. , Miller Josef M. , Altschuler Richard A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe transient expression of stress proteins in cells exposed to adverse environmental conditions is thought to provide a survival advantage. In the present study, the expression of the major mammalian stress protein, Hsp72, was characterized in the rat peripheral auditory system following varying periods of unilateral cochlear ischemia and reperfusion. Western blot analysis of whole cochlear homogenates revealed Hsp72 expression after as little as 5 minutes of cochlear ischemia. Cochlear Hsp72 immunoreactivity following 10 minutes of ischemia was observed within 2 hours, remained evident through 6 hours, and decreased toward control levels by 12 hours. Preliminary immunocytochemical localization data revealed Hsp72 expression in the outer hair cells. The characterization of Hsp72 expression following transient ischemia represents the first step toward understanding the role that stress proteins have in the protection of the mammalian auditory system.
Transtympanic endoscopy of the middle ear
Authors: Poe Dennis S. , Rebeiz Elie E. , Pankratov Michail M. , Shapshay Stanley M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractModern optical technology has made available fiberoptic and rigid endoscopes with diameters of 2 mm and less with acceptable resolution. Endoscopes of small caliber were introduced through a strategically placed myringotomy or an existing perforation to perform exploration of the middle ear as an in‐the‐office procedure. This technique is now routinely used as an adjunct in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected middle ear conditions. Exploratory surgery of the middle ear may be avoided or definitive procedures may be planned better based on endoscopic findings.
Anterior cricoid split for subglottic stenosis: Experience at the children's hospital of new jersey
Authors: Palasti Sandra , Respler Don S. , Fieldman Robert J. , Levitt Joel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwenty‐five children with acquired and congenital subglottic stenosis (SGS) were managed with the anterior cricoid split (ACS) operation at the authors' institution from September 1987 to January 1990. Ages ranged from 2.5 months to 5.5 years. Twenty‐one (84%) of the children were extubated after 5 to 14 days of nasotracheal intubation and have remained stable after an average follow‐up of 10 months. Atelectasis was a common postoperative problem, encountered in 12 (48%) of the patients. Other complications included a tracheocutaneous fistula, prolapse of soft tissue into the tracheal lumen via the cricoid incision, a subglottic granuloma, and 2 cases of prolonged lower extremity paresis following reversal of vecuronium. The results of this retrospective study indicate that the ACS is a valuable first‐line procedure for the management of SGS in a variety of pediatric patients.
Experimental otitis media with effusion induced by middle ear effusion
Authors: Nakata Junko , Suzuki Masashi , Kawauchi Hideyuki , Mogi Goro 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExperimental otitis media with effusion was induced in chinchillas by middle ear effusion, which was induced by an injection of immune complex into the tympanic cavity. To elucidate the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion, cytologic and biochemical findings of the effusion and histopathology of the middle ear mucosa of effusion‐induced chinchillas were compared with those of experimental otitis media with effusion induced by different procedures; eustachian tube obstruction, intratympanic inoculation of endotoxin, and immune reaction.No significant differences were seen in cytology, biochemistry, and histopathology among OMEs induced by these procedures. However, middle ear effusions, when compared with the corresponding sera, were proven to contain higher amounts of histamine and prostaglandin E2. These findings seem to demonstrate that middle ear effusion containing a large number of inflammatory mediators is essential for induction and prolongation of inflammatory reaction in the middle ear.
Hypoplastic endolymphatic sac, hydrops, and mondini deformity: A case report
Authors: Hamed Alaa A. Wahab , Gadre Arun K. , Linthicum Fred H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Mondini deformity of the inner ear is usually associated with a large vestibular aqueduct and endolymphatic sac. The authors present a case with a hypoplastic sac and endolymphatic hydrops, which are presumed to be the cause of the Meniere's syndrome symptoms that occurred in mid‐life.
Three‐Dimensional anatomy of human scarpa's ganglion
Authors: Sato Hiroaki , Sando Isamu , Takahashi Haruo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUsing a computer‐aided three‐dimensional reconstruction and measurement method, the authors studied the shape and dimensions of Scarpa's ganglion and interrelations of the ganglion to nearby important anatomical structures in 10 normal human temporal bones obtained from 10 individuals of different ages (12 gestational weeks to 72 years). In the postnatal cases, Scarpa's ganglion was shaped like a distorted hourglass. Although the shape of the ganglion varied somewhat among specimens, a superior division, inferior division, and isthmus gan‐glionaris were distinguishable in each case. Volume of the ganglion was relatively consistent after birth, so that width and height of the ganglion were inversely correlated with each other (linear regression analysis, P <.05). There seemed to be, however, a possible postnatal increase in the distances from the ganglion to neighboring structures and in the length of the internal auditory canal; these increases were probably the result of postnatal growth of the temporal bone. Moreover, the width of the ganglion in any single specimen was found to correlate significantly positively with the distances from the ganglion to the vestibular end‐organs and the length of the internal auditory canal in that specimen (linear regression analysis, P<.01). This finding suggests that Scarpa's ganglion may be elongated secondary to the elongation of the vestibular nerve due to the growth of the temporal bone. In fetuses, each portion of the ganglion was less clearly identifiable than that portion in postnatal cases. The dimensions of Scarpa's ganglion were found to have reached maturity around the time of birth.
Long‐Term effects of silastic® sheeting in the middle ear
Authors: Ng Matthew , Linthicum Fred H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSilastic® sheeting is used to restore a mucosally lined middle ear space and to prevent mucosal adhesions between the medial surface of the tympanic membrane and the promontory after surgical procedures involving the removal of middle ear mucosa. To determine the long‐term (1.2 to 21.2 years) effects of Silastic sheeting in the middle ear, six temporal bones from patients with permanent Silastic sheeting in the middle ear cavity after single‐stage tympanoplasty were examined. In all six bones, no histologic evidence of foreign body reaction, rejection, or chronic inflammation in the middle ear surrounding the silicone sheeting was observed. Furthermore, the middle ear space was lined by normal‐appearing, continuous middle ear mucosa. In four temporal bones, there was no evidence of significant submucosal fibrosis. In two bones, significant submucosal fibrosis was attributable to concurrent middle ear disease rather than to the presence of the silicone. It is concluded that Silastic sheeting in the middle ear after single‐stage procedures may prevent adhesions between mucosal surfaces. Given eustachian tube function, Silastic promotes a mucosally lined, aerated middle ear cavity without apparent foreign body reaction, rejection, or chronic inflammatory response.
Analysis of the efficiency of retrocochlear screening
Authors: Kotlarz Jack P. , Eby Thomas L. , Borton Thomas E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe auditory brainstem response (ABR), as well as associated audiologic and radiographic studies of 175 patients suspected of having cerebellopontine angle tumors were reviewed. The majority of patients presented with asymmetric hearing loss. Eight acoustic neuromas were identified. All eight had abnormal ABRs. The false‐positive rate was 22%. Rollover and acoustic reflex testing played a minimal role in the decision as to whether or not an ABR was ordered and, as a result, are not important in the search for retrocochlear disease. The cost per tumor diagnosed was roughly $7600. A rational approach to tumor screening based on the efficiency and cost of the screening tests, the frequency of abnormal ABRs, and the cost per tumor diagnosed is presented.