bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Being: social media and the predictive mind
Authors: White Ben , Clark Andy , Miller Mark 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Social media is implicated today in an array of mental health concerns. While concerns around social media have become mainstream, little is known about the specific cognitive mechanisms underlying the correlations seen in these studies or why we find it so hard to stop engaging with these platforms when things obviously begin to deteriorate for us. New advances in computational neuroscience, however, are now poised to shed light on this matter. In this paper, we approach the phenomenon of social media addiction through the lens of the active inference framework. According to this framework, predictive agents like us use a ‘generative model’ of the world to predict our own incoming sense data and act to minimize any discrepancy between the prediction and incoming signal (prediction error). In order to live well and be able to act effectively to minimize prediction error, it is vital that agents like us have a generative model, which not only accurately reflects the regularities of our complex environment but is also flexible and dynamic and able to stay accurate in volatile and turbulent circumstances. In this paper, we propose that some social media platforms are a spectacularly effective way of warping an agent’s generative model and of arresting the model’s ability to flexibly track and adapt to changes in the environment. We go on to investigate cases of digital tech, which do not have these adverse effects and suggest—based on the active inference framework—some ways to understand why some forms of digital technology pose these risks, while others do not.
Hippocampal subfield volumetric changes after radiotherapy for brain metastases
Authors: Holikova Klara , Selingerova Iveta , Pospisil Petr , Bulik Martin , Hynkova Ludmila , Kolouskova Ivana , Hnidakova Lucie , Burkon Petr , Slavik Marek , Sana Jiri , Holecek Tomas , Vanicek Jiri , Slampa Pavel , Jancalek Radim , Kazda Tomas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Changes in the hippocampus after brain metastases radiotherapy can significantly impact neurocognitive functions. Numerous studies document hippocampal atrophy correlating with the radiation dose. This study aims to elucidate volumetric changes in patients undergoing whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) or targeted stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) and to explore volumetric changes in the individual subregions of the hippocampus.

Method
Ten patients indicated to WBRT and 18 to SRT underwent brain magnetic resonance before radiotherapy and after 4 months. A structural T1-weighted sequence was used for volumetric analysis, and the software FreeSurfer was employed as the tool for the volumetry evaluation of 19 individual hippocampal subregions.

Results
The volume of the whole hippocampus, segmented by the software, was larger than the volume outlined by the radiation oncologist. No significant differences in volume changes were observed in the right hippocampus. In the left hippocampus, the only subregion with a smaller volume after WBRT was the granular cells and molecular layers of the dentate gyrus (GC-ML-DG) region (median change −5 mm3, median volume 137 vs. 135 mm3; P = .027), the region of the presumed location of neuronal progenitors.

Conclusions
Our study enriches the theory that the loss of neural stem cells is involved in cognitive decline after radiotherapy, contributes to the understanding of cognitive impairment, and advocates for the need for SRT whenever possible to preserve cognitive functions in patients undergoing brain radiotherapy.
Plasma ctDNA enables early detection of temozolomide resistance mutations in glioma
Authors: Jones Jordan J , Jones Kate L , Wong Stephen Q , Whittle James , Goode David , Nguyen Hong , Iaria Josie , Stylli Stan , Towner James , Pieters Thomas , Gaillard Frank , Kaye Andrew H , Drummond Kate J , Morokoff Andrew P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Liquid biopsy based on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a novel tool in clinical oncology, however, its use has been limited in glioma to date, due to low levels of ctDNA. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that sequencing techniques optimized for liquid biopsy in glioma patients can detect ctDNA in plasma with high sensitivity and with potential clinical utility.

Methods
We investigated 10 glioma patients with tumor tissue available from at least 2 surgical operations, who had 49 longitudinally collected plasma samples available for analysis. Plasma samples were sequenced with CAPP-seq (AVENIO) and tissue samples with TSO500.

Results
Glioma-derived ctDNA mutations were detected in 93.8% of plasma samples. 25% of all mutations detected were observed in plasma only. Mutations of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes MSH2 and MSH6 were the most frequent circulating gene alterations seen after temozolomide treatment and were frequently observed to appear in plasma prior to their appearance in tumor tissue at the time of surgery for recurrence.

Conclusions
This pilot study suggests that plasma ctDNA in glioma is feasible and may provide sensitive and complementary information to tissue biopsy. Furthermore, plasma ctDNA detection of new MMR gene mutations not present in the initial tissue biopsy may provide an early indication of the development of chemotherapy resistance. Additional clinical validation in larger cohorts is needed.
Inequalities in access to neuro-oncology supportive care and rehabilitation: A survey of healthcare professionals’ perspectives
Authors: Boele Florien , Rosenlund Lena , Nordentoft Sara , Melhuish Sara , Nicklin Emma , Rydén Isabelle , Williamson Aoife , Donders-Kamphuis Marike , Preusser Matthias , Le Rhun Emilie , Kiesel Barbara , Minniti Giuseppe , Furtner Julia , Dirven Linda , Taphoorn Martin , Galldiks Norbert , Rudà Roberta , Chalmers Anthony , Short Susan C , Piil Karin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Neuro-oncology patients and caregivers should have equitable access to rehabilitation, supportive-, and palliative care. To investigate existing issues and potential solutions, we surveyed neuro-oncology professionals to explore current barriers and facilitators to screening patients’ needs and referral to services.

Methods
Members of the European Association of Neuro-Oncology and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group (EORTC-BTG) were invited to complete a 39-item online questionnaire covering the availability of services, screening, and referral practice. Responses were analyzed descriptively; associations between sociodemographic/clinical variables and screening/referral practice were explored.

Results
In total, 103 participants completed the survey (67% women and 57% medical doctors). Fifteen professions from 23 countries were represented. Various rehabilitation, supportive-, and palliative care services were available yet rated “inadequate” by 21–37% of participants. Most respondents with a clinical role (n = 94) declare to screen (78%) and to refer (83%) their patients routinely for physical/cognitive/emotional issues. Survey completers (n = 103) indicated the main reasons for not screening/referring were (1) lack of suitable referral options (50%); (2) shortage of healthcare professionals (48%); and (3) long waiting lists (42%). To improve service provision, respondents suggested there is a need for education about neuro-oncology-specific issues (75%), improving the availability of services (65%) and staff (64%), developing international guidelines (64%), and strengthening the existing evidence-base for rehabilitation (60%).

Conclusions
Detecting and managing neuro-oncology patients’ and caregivers’ rehabilitation, supportive,- and palliative care needs can be improved. Better international collaboration can help address healthcare disparities.
An Unexpectedly High Incidence of Invasive Fungal Diseases in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Taking Belatacept for Organ Rejection Prophylaxis: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bell Elizabeth , Pisano Jennifer , Brown Manasa , Friedman Daniel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Among solid organ transplant recipients taking belatacept, 15% developed invasive fungal diseases. The most common invasive fungal diseases were aspergillosis (56%) and candidiasis (22%). The infected cohort was more likely to receive basiliximab, undergo lung transplantation, or identify as White. Higher rates of aspergillosis were seen in this lung cohort than previously reported.
W. E. B. Du Bois
Authors: Carson Edward 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
During William Edward Burghardt Du Bois’s sojourn to Germany and co-founding the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, he engaged in the universal struggle against capitalism. Often congregating with White Socialists, Du Bois’s understanding of class struggle as a material force evolved. He was suspicious of the Russian experience and the communist experience in the United States given the ideological complexities of Afro-American life. However, during the 1930s, Du Bois reached greater clarity of his ideological beliefs, as reflected in his publication Black Reconstruction in America, 1860–1880. Nevertheless, by the 1940s, Du Bois still held contradictory narratives regarding socialism and communism while his evolutionary process persisted. In 1961, Du Bois submitted his application to join the Communist Party USA after a life spent being a reluctant communist. His submission reflected a life dedicated to fighting against racial prejudice and the perils of White supremacy and his evolution toward socialism and communism.
Redress or Socialism?
Authors: Stewart James B. , Darity William A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines W. E. B. Du Bois’s views regarding claims for reparations for Black Americans descendants of persons enslaved in the United States, deriving from the multigenerational impact of slavery, legal segregation, and ongoing discrimination and stigmatization. The chapter insists that a comprehensive reparations program must include a specific plan to compensate victims and heirs, whether in monetary or nonmonetary fashion. Although Du Bois’s analysis in Black Reconstruction could undergird substantive claims for reparations, he limited the national claim for redress to removal of restrictions denying equal access to crucial arenas, especially electoral politics and employment. Furthermore, he actually opposed monetary payments. This chapter characterizes Du Bois’s endgame as a domestic and international socialist revolution that neglects a call for reparations. It concludes that identifying Du Bois as a progenitor of the contemporary reparations movement obscures his refusal to demand compensation for the community victimized by American white supremacy.
Gerda Walther (1897–1977)
Authors: Parker Rodney K. B. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gerda Walther was a phenomenologist associated with the Munich and Freiburg phenomenological circles. A student of Alexander Pfänder and Edmund Husserl, she applied the phenomenological method to issues in social and abnormal psychology and parapsychology, with a particular interest in mystical and religious experiences. Her dissertation, Toward an Ontology of Social Communities, is a pioneering work in social ontology that investigates we-experiences and the feeling of inner connectedness characteristic of belonging to a community. Her Phenomenology of Mysticism aims to give a scientific analysis of mystical lived-experiences, differentiating them from other varieties of experience, such as perception, dreams, hallucinations, and so on.
Edith Stein (1891–1942)
Authors: Moran Dermot 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes Edith Stein’s philosophical contributions, beginning with her original phenomenological studies on empathy, embodiment, emotions, the nature of the person; and, including her later metaphysical writings, where she defends a concept of human existence as aiming at fulfillment and transcendence, in opposition to Heidegger’s ontology of human emptiness and finitude. For Stein, the embodied subject is constituted through emotions, and apprehends others in empathy. In her Christian period, she developed an original synthesis of Husserlian phenomenology and Thomistic ontology, focusing on “essence” (Wesen), “being” (Sein), finitude and infinitude, and the individual essence of the human person. Each individual human has an individual essence (Einzelwesen), or “thisness,” with a finite “life-energy” (Lebenskraft) emanating from a deep personal core that “unfolds” (entfaltet) but is never exhausted across the whole of one’s life.
Idealism and Romanticism
Authors: Stone Alison , Valpione Giulia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The chapter discusses the contributions to idealism and romanticism made by Caroline Schlegel-Schelling, Dorothea Veit-Schlegel, Sophie Schubart-Mereau, Sophie Tieck, Karoline von Günderrode, Dorothea Tieck, and Bettina Brentano von Arnim. The authors will consider these women’s contributions to political philosophy, to philosophy of nature, to romantic translation theory, and to the idea of self. The chapter starts with Mereau’s, Veit’s, Sophie Tieck’s, and Caroline Schlegel-Schelling’s critiques of Fichte’s self-positing self in favor of a conception of self as relational, affective, and linguistic. The chapter then focuses on the role of Caroline Schlegel-Schelling and Dorothea Tieck in the German translation of Shakespeare’s plays and their translation theory. The third section focuses on the relation between love, birth, and death in Schlegel-Schelling, and the role that this relation plays in Günderrode’s philosophy of nature. The chapter closes with a discussion of the original contributions of Karoline von Günderrode and Bettina Brentano von Arnim in romantic political philosophy.
Trends in Aesthetics
Authors: Matherne Samantha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the contributions of four women to developments in aesthetics in German philosophy in the long nineteenth century: the early romantic Dorothea Veit-Schlegel; the feminist Hedwig Dohm; the early phenomenologist Edith Landmann-Kalischer; and the psychological theorist Vernon Lee. The chapter uses this survey to highlight two trends in aesthetics during this period. The first, which emerges in the discussion of Veit-Schlegel and Dohm, is an emphasis on the social and political value the aesthetic has with respect to Bildung and achieving ideals, such as freedom and gender equality. The second, which emerges in the discussion of Landmann-Kalischer and Lee, is the desire to offer a psychologically informed account of the nature of aesthetic experience.
Sophie Mereau (1770–1806)
Authors: Daub Adrian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As is the case with many nineteenth-century women, literary history has often framed Sophie Mereau (1770–1806) as a muse for the more famous men around her, as a poet in dialogue with the philosophies of the various ages her short life straddled. In recent years, however, scholars have identified Mereau as an originary thinker and important coequal philosophical interlocutor. This article suggests that Mereau’s philosophy was articulated through genres that were only gradually being recognized as vehicles for philosophy—poetry, fragment, letter. It proposes that Mereau strategically triangulated between competing philosophical preoccupations of her age to carve out a unique philosophical program that combined an idealist politics with pronounced political edge.
Estonian Runosongs on Childcare, Pregnancy, Birth, and Intimacy
Authors: Sarv Mari 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the processes of creating emblems of national culture on the basis of folk culture and how selectivity is informed by content. For this purpose, three groups of songs in the Estonian branch of the Finnic runosong tradition will be observed: lullabies and other songs on and to small infants, songs on pregnancy and childbirth, and songs on sexual matters. All of the songs are related to the private spheres of life in modern society. Through folklore collecting and archiving, they have been brought to the public domain as part of “national heritage.” This analysis addresses the conflict of private and public and the clash of moral expectations in the course of collecting folklore as well as remediating the information to the public. Runosongs that have been collected on the verge of the fading away of the tradition have been re-introduced in the public spheres to represent “the genuine culture of Estonians”. The study demonstrates that in cultural re-use, preference is given to the songs that show the tradition bearers as good and heroic, while the songs on the themes that have not been considered appropriate to discuss in public, for example, songs concerning sexuality and bodily aspects of life, have been avoided even in academic publications and research. Through this kind of selective process, a picture of Estonian peasant culture was created that was more suitable to contemporary morals and closer to the expectations of modern people than the reality might have been.
Silk
Authors: Onaga Lisa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Histories of silk cultivation can project impressions that regard failures as anomalous, but particular failings can have historical significance nonetheless. Individual histories of sericulture of different eras and across the globe alone cannot explain the conditions of failure in sericulture. This essay shows how repeated human efforts to grow silk are important aspects of the history of sericulture. Sericulture situated in nineteenth- and twentieth-century California—an area with a history famed for agricultural production but not for silk—provides a geographic middle ground where silkworms, mulberry, and expertise from East Asia and Europe came together. Moreover, the histories of plants and insects in the seri-histories of North, South, and Meso-American gather to a point in California to illuminate the integrality of diverse roles of women that factored into the business and technics of making silk and caring for the larvae of the silk moth (including the boiling of cocoons and reeling their silk filaments together). Across racial lines, women’s practical attempts at and decisions about silk cultivation provides a useful counterbalance to scholarly explorations of the histories of establishing sericulture nested within the discourse of internationalization. By examining the challenges and failures of silk production critically, a better understanding of the common threads that knit these disparate stories together comes into view. These sericultural initiatives of the New World ultimately contextualize the typicality of non-continuity in the making of silk threads.
Watershed Moments
Authors: Pastore Christopher L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Beginning with the dawn of agriculture and concluding in the present, this chapter examines three turning points in human-water interactions that reshaped both agricultural practices and the geometry of watersheds. Close focus on the hydraulic dimensions of the Neolithic Revolution, the early modern Agricultural Revolution, and the twentieth-century Green Revolution—three “watershed moments” in hydro-agricultural development—shows that the ongoing negotiation between human innovation and the exigencies of nature has transformed global hydrology and, in turn, modes of water governance. By exploring the ways local hydrologic changes have long been connected to global-scale processes, moreover, this chapter suggests that water engineering is an important indicator of the Anthropocene.
Contestations over Agricultural Production in Colonial Africa
Authors: Mark-Thiesen Cassandra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
By the end of the colonial period, African agriculture was marked by two disparate systems of production: widespread small-scale farming in West Africa and European-driven large-scale plantations in East Africa and to the south of the continent. Moreover, individual colonial economies had become specialized providers of specific agricultural produce, leaving them vulnerable to shifts in global markets. While it has been noted elsewhere that African export agriculture emerged prior to the partition of Africa, the precise role of colonial states in effectuating the aforementioned outcomes while further integrating these markets remains a topic for discussion. This chapter is concerned with the faces of colonial agricultural policy visible across the continent and, yet, particular in space and time, as well as the contentions that surrounded them. In addition, it is interspersed with insights into African responses to these interventions.
English in Laos
Authors: Soulignavong Latsanyphone , Souvannasy Bouangeune , Hashim Azirah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
English has become the most important foreign language in Laos, as the language is considered a key element of the country’s competitiveness and enables its people to communicate with others in ASEAN and beyond, to gain access to freely available information on the internet, and to integrate into global markets more easily. This chapter discusses the challenges faced in Laos with regard to the English language and what possible future directions might be taken from multiple perspectives. It discusses the status, role, and use of English, and reports on a study of university students’ English language proficiency. Challenges related to the use of English in Laos are discussed with regard to vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, and pronunciation, using samples from secondary school to university level.
English in Thailand
Authors: Snodin Navaporn , Savski Kristof , Sameephet Banchakarn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes how English made its journey into Thailand and discusses the changing status of English throughout its history. This includes detailed analysis of the current English language policy and explorations of the current use of English in Thai society. The chapter also describes the possible unique or distinctive forms and functions of Thai English and provides an overview of published studies on English in Thailand and Thai English from 1986 up to 2021. The chapter ends with a discussion about the current and emerging trends of English in Thailand and a prediction what the future might hold for English in the country.
English language education and educational policy in Indonesia and Timor-Leste
Authors: Zein Subhan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines English language education policies in Indonesia and Timor-Leste by paying particular attention to the linguistic ecologies of the two nations. The chapter argues that English continues to become a prestigious language in the linguistic ecologies of Indonesia and Timor-Leste. The chapter shows that the prestige of English has surpassed that of Indonesian in the nation’s dynamic and polycentric linguistic ecology, ‘superglossia’. Meanwhile, English is currently gaining ascendancy in terms of prestige, and will in some way compete with Portuguese in the near future to sit at the summit of the Timor-Leste linguistic hierarchy. The chapter further asserts that a comprehensive language education policy which caters for indigenous languages alongside English and national languages is required for both countries in order for them to be able to increase engagement with ASEAN member states.