bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction from 1981 to 2000 in England: Trend analysis and comparison with need
Authors: Packer Claire , Stevens Andrew , Cook Alison , Raftery James 
Published: May 2008

Objectives:To describe the adoption and take up of thrombolytic agents for acute myocardial infarction since 1980 in England and compare use with the estimated ceiling of need.Methods:Data on national sales and use of thrombolysis since 1980 (supplied by IMS Health) was used to draw an adoption and diffusion curve. The epidemiological ceiling of acute myocardial infarction, from hospital activity statistics, was modified to an estimated clinical need by accounting for diagnostic difficulty and contraindications using information from published surveys of thrombolysis use in the United Kingdom.Results:There was a rapid uptake of thrombolytic agents in the first 2 years after availability in 1987, then a plateau, followed by a rise to a peak use in 1995. The shortfall in doses resulting from the difference between estimated ceiling of clinical need and doses purchased and provided in the 14 years since availability is estimated as 167,800 (95 percent confidence range 94,000 to 241,700).Conclusions:Although there was a rapid initial uptake of thrombolysis in England, usage took 8 years to reach the ceiling of clinical need of 65 percent of patients with acute myocardial infarction, with many patients missing the opportunity to benefit. Monitoring of uptake of innovations known to be cost-effective is required to identify those developments that need additional stimulus for change to ensure that patients do not miss out on the opportunity to benefit.
Influences upon the diffusion of thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction in England: Case study
Authors: Cook Alison , Packer Claire , Stevens Andrew , Quinn Tom 
Published: May 2008

Objectives: To investigate the factors that influenced the adoption and diffusion of thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction in England and to verify usage data from 1981 to 2001.Methods: Survey of cardiologists in England using a pre-prepared time line of historical events and a plot of thrombolysis diffusion since 1981. The cardiologists were divided into three groups that were provided with (i) the time line only, (ii) the diffusion curve only, and (iii) the time line and the diffusion curve.Results: The GISSI and ISIS-2 clinical trials were perceived to have had a significant influence upon the initial diffusion of thrombolysis in England occurring over the 3 years after launch. Other positive influences included the initial listing in the national formulary, the change to administration in emergency departments, the rise in evidence-based medicine, and production of national guidance.Conclusions: Although it is apparent that the overall influences on adoption and diffusion of thrombolysis were multiple; clinical trials, service developments, and national guidelines all were judged to have played a part. The GISSI and ISIS-2 clinical trials were confirmed as the major influence on initial adoption.
Efficiency of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects in small and symptomatic children
Authors: Fraisse Alain , Losay Jean , Bourlon François , Agnoletti Gabriella , Lusson Jean-René , Godart François , De Geeter Bernard , Petit Jérôme , Piechaud Jean François 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectivesWe report the multicentric French experience with transcatheter closure in children weighing 15 kilograms or less, with the aim of assessing the efficacy of the procedure in this age group.PatientsWe included all children weighing 15 kilograms or less, and seen between January, 1997, and June, 2004, who had successful transcatheter closure of an interatrial communication within the oval fossa.ResultsTranscatheter closure was performed in 35 patients weighing 15 kilograms or less, of whom 14 were male and 21 female. The procedures were undertaken in 8 different centres, the patients having a median age of 3 years, with a range from zero to 6.2 years, and a mean weight of 13 kilograms, with a range from 3.6 to 15 kilograms. All the patients were symptomatic, with associated cardiac malformations present in 4 cases, and extracardiac anomalies in 4 patients, including Down’s syndrome in 3, and Adams Oliver syndrome in the other case. In 1 patient, emergency cardiac surgery was needed 24 h after the procedure to correct a previously undiagnosed divided right atrium. No other complication occurred. After a median follow-up of 2 years, with a range from 0.5 to 5.2 years, all the patients are asymptomatic, except for one long-standing patient with bronchodysplasia. In 1 other patient, a small residual bidirectional shunt was detected by echocardiography. No patient presented significant arrhythmia. In the patients followed-up for more than 12 months, we found a significant gain in weight gain.ConclusionTranscatheter closure of an interatrial communication within the oval fossa is efficient in children weighing 15 kilograms or less, and can be proposed as a first line of treatment in symptomatic patients. Children with retarded growth tend to have complete recovery within one year of closure.
Sociodemographic, health and lifestyle characteristics reported by discrete groups of adult dietary supplement users in Alberta, Canada: findings from The Tomorrow Project
Authors: Robson Paula J , Siou Geraldine Lo , Ullman Ruth , Bryant Heather E 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the extent to which differences in sociodemographic, dietary and lifestyle characteristics exist between users of different types of dietary supplements and supplement non-users.DesignWe analysed cross-sectional data obtained from self-administered questionnaires completed at baseline by participants in The Tomorrow Project; a prospective cohort study in Alberta, Canada. Participants who used at least one type of dietary supplement at least weekly in the year prior to questionnaire completion were defined as supplement users, while the remainder were classified as non-users. Seven discrete user categories were created: multivitamins (+/− minerals) only, specific nutritional supplements only, herbal/other supplements only, and all possible combinations. Differences in sociodemographic, dietary and lifestyle characteristics between different groups of supplement users and non-users were analysed using Rao–Scottχ2tests and multinomial logistic regression.Subjects and settingSubjects were 5067 men and 7439 women, aged 35–69 years, recruited by random digit dialling throughout Alberta.ResultsSupplement use was extensive in this study population (69·8 %). Users of herbal/other supplements only, and women who used multivitamins only, tended to report dietary and lifestyle characteristics that were not significantly different from non-users. In contrast, those who reported using a combination of multivitamins, specific nutritional and herbal/other supplements were more likely than non-users to report behaviours and characteristics consistent with current health guidelines.ConclusionsDichotomizing participants as supplement users or non-users is likely to mask further differences in sociodemographic, dietary and lifestyle characteristics among users of different types of supplements. This may have implications for analysis and interpretation of observational studies.
Nationalism, religion and community: A. B. Salem, the politics of identity and the disappearance of Cochin Jewry
Authors: Chiriyankandath James 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis article considers how the existence of an ancient community, the Jews of Cochin on India’s Malabar coast, was transformed by the force of two powerful twentieth-century nationalisms – Indian nationalism and Zionism. It does so through telling the story of a remarkable individual, A. B. Salem, a lawyer, politician, Jewish religious reformer, and Indian nationalist, who was instrumental in promoting the Zionist cause and facilitating the mass migration of the Cochin Jews to Israel. Salem’s story illustrates how the prioritization and translation of kinds of identity into the public sphere is fluid and contingent upon a variety of circumstances, personal as well as the outcome of changes in the wider world.
The contradictions of late nineteenth-century nationalist doctrines: three keys to the ‘globalism’ of José Martí’s nationalism
Authors: García de la Torre Armando 
Published: May 2008

AbstractScholarly literature on nineteenth-century nationalism concentrates on its strong exclusionary tendencies, while studies of the Cuban independence leader José Martí (1853–95) focus on his articulation of Cuban nationalism and pan-Latin American regionalism through his political activities and writings. This article identifies the globalism of Martí’s nationalism, moving beyond the national and regional frameworks to which studies of Martí have consigned the Cuban freedom fighter. It argues that the global history narratives that Martí wrote for children constitute critical and innovative components of his programme for national liberation and nation building, and encapsulate his nationalist ideology through three key components: the right to self-determination at the national level, the right to self-determination at the personal level, and a sense of global humanitarianism. The article’s transnational perspective places Martí, through his inclusionary, racially blind, humanitarian form of nationalism, as contradicting late nineteenth-century nationalist doctrines, and begs for ideas about the general intellectual climate of the period to be rethought.
Acetylcholine inhibits cell cycle progression in rat Schwann cells by activation of the M2 receptor subtype
Authors: Loreti Simona , Ricordy Ruggero , Egle De Stefano M. , Augusti-Tocco Gabriella , Maria Tata Ada 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCultures of Schwann cells from neonatal rat sciatic nerves were treated with acetylcholine agonists and the effects on cell proliferation evaluated. 3[H]-thymidine incorporation shows that acetylcholine (ACh) receptor agonists inhibit cell proliferation, and FACS analysis demonstrates cell-cycle arrest and accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. The use of arecaidine, a selective agonist of muscarinic M2 receptors reveals that this effect depends mainly on M2 receptor activation. The arecaidine dependent-block in G1 is reversible because removal of arecaidine from the culture medium induces progression to the S phase. The block of the G1-S transition is also characterized by modulation of the expression of several cell-cycle markers. Moreover, treatment with ACh receptor agonist causes both a decrease in the PCNA protein levels in Schwann cell nuclei and an increase in p27 and p53 proteins. Finally, immuno-electron microscopy demonstrates that M2 receptors are expressed by Schwann cells in vivo. These results indicate that ACh, by modulating Schwann cell proliferation through M2 receptor activation, might contribute to their progression to a more differentiated phenotype.
Steroid substrate-induced epimerase mechanism in the active site of the human 11&946;-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1
Authors: Hennebert Olivier , Montes Matthieu , Favre-Reguillon Alain , Chermette Henry , Ferroud Clotilde , Morfin Robert 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCytochrome P4507B1 7[alpha]-hydroxylates dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), epiandrosterone (EpiA) and 5[alpha]-androstane-3[beta],17[beta]-diol (Adiol). 11[beta]-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11[beta]-HSD1) interconverts 7[alpha]- and 7[beta]- forms. Whether the inter-conversion proceeds through oxido-reductive steps or epimerase activity is investigated. Experiments using ^3^H-labeled 7[beta]-hydroxy-DHEA, 7[beta]-hydroxy-EpiA and 7[beta]-hydroxy-Adiol show the ^3^H-label to accumulate in 7-oxo-DHEA trap but neither in 7-oxo-EpiA nor 7-oxo-Adiol traps. Computed models of 7-oxygenated steroids dock in the active site of 11[beta]-HSD1 either in a flipped or turned form relative to cortisone and cortisol. 7-Oxo-steroid reduction in 7[alpha]- or 7[beta]-hydroxylated derivatives results from either turned or flipped forms. 11[beta]-HSD1 incubation in H~2~^18^O medium with each 7-hydroxysteroid did not incorporate ^18^O in 7-hydroxylated derivatives of EpiA and Adiol independently of the cofactor used. Thus oxido-reductive steps apply for the interconversion of 7[alpha]- and 7[beta]-hydroxy-DHEA through 7-oxo-DHEA. Epimerisation may proceed on the 7-hydroxylated derivatives of EpiA and Adiol through a mechanism involving the cofactor and Ser170.
Dvorák to Duke Ellington
Authors: Peress Maurice 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Drawing upon a mix of research and the personal experience of a career devoted to the music about which Dvorák so presciently spoke, this book's narrative goes behind the scenes of the burgeoning American school of music and beyond. The book begins with Dvorák's three year residency as Director of the National Conservatory of Music in New York (1892-5), and his students, in particular Will Marion Cook and Rubin Goldmark, who would in turn become the teachers of Ellington, Gershwin, and Copland. The book follows Dvorák to the famed Chicago World's Fair of 1893, where the book brings to light the little known African American presence at the Fair: the piano professors, about-to-be ragtimers; and the gifted young artists Paul Dunbar, Harry T. Burleigh, and Cook, who gathered at the Haitian Pavilion with its director, Frederick Douglass, to organize their own gala concert for Colored Persons Day. The author of this book, a distinguished conductor, is himself a part of this story; working with Duke Ellington on the “Suite from Black, Brown and Beige” and his “opera comique”, Queenie Pie; conducting the world premiere of Leonard Bernstein's Mass; and reconstructing landmark American concerts at which George Antheil's Ballet Mècanique, George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue, James Reese Europe's Clef Club (the first all-black concert at Carnegie Hall), and Ellington's Black, Brown and Beige, were first presented. The book concludes with a look at Ellington and his music.
1 Antonin Dvořák Comes to America
Authors: Peress Maurice 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Be it money, wanderlust, love, or politics — whatever the combination of causes that drew Dvorák to American shores — one of the most significant cultural exchanges in American history was about to begin when Dvorák, his wife, Anna, and their two oldest children, boarded the SS Saale in Bremen on September 17, 1892. After nine stormy days, they debarked onto a pier in Hoboken, New Jersey.
3 Dvořák’s Symphony From the New World
Authors: Peress Maurice 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This chapter starts with Dvorák's witnessing of the exuberant festivities for the 400th anniversary of Columbusás landing in the New World only a few days after his arrival and his first concert appearance. It is here that Dvorák often hears Negro Spirituals sung by his new assistant, Harry T. Burleigh, as he composes a new Symphony. Dvorák explicitly announces that his “newly completed symphony reflects the Negro melodies, upon which ... the coming American school must be based ... will be a surprise to the world”. He carefully signs his completed score and dates it, “Fine, Praised be to God! May 24, 1893, at nine in the morning”. In an unusual gesture, Dvorák returns to the score later that day to add a euphoric note, “Family arrives at Southhampton! (telegram l:33)”. Famous American and European musicians react to Dvorák's “negro music idea”. After that, the Dvoráks leave by train for their summer vacation in a small Czech speaking farm community in Spillville, Iowa. En route they stop in Chicago to visit the Fair.
4 The Chicago World's Columbian Exposition of 1893
Authors: Peress Maurice 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The Chicago World Columbian Exposition of 1893 (“The Fair”) celebrated America, its industry, and its people. It was among the first events of its kind to honor the achievements of women. Almost overnight, the Fair and Chicago became a gathering place for the nation's gifted and talented from every scientific and artistic discipline. There was a significant Negro presence at the Fair; Dahomey Village from Africa's Gold Coast, the Haitian Pavillion was a gathering place for black intelligentsia — hootchie cootchies doing the belly dance, piano professors exchanging licks and forms — these were soon were to emerge as the new national musical rage, ragtime. On Colored Person's Honor Day, Will Marion Cook, the future mentor of Duke Ellington, meets Dvorák. He is invited to attend the National Conservatory that fall; after that the Dvorák family returns to New York.
6 Paul Laurence Dunbar, Clorindy, and “The Talented Tenth”
Authors: Peress Maurice 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Prominent black intellectuals, led by a distinguished minister, John Wesley Crumell, and including the young scholar, William E. B. Dubois and the poet, Paul Dunbar, had their own ideas “for the development of Negro genius”. Cook and Dunbar created the first all Negro musical show on Broadway, Clorindy, The Origin of the Cakewalk (1898), “moving the Great White Way from the waltz to ragtime”.
7 James Reese Europe
Authors: Peress Maurice 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
David Mannes, concertmaster of Walter Damrosch's New York Symphony and Director of the city's Musical Settlement Houses, engaged James Reese Europe, charismatic conductor and composer, and his unusual Negro orchestra, the “Clef Club”, to play what turned out to be a triumphal benefit concert for the new Harlem branch, at Carnegie Hall — the first concert of its kind (1912). Europe was interviewed about his very specific ideas about the future of Negro music and musicians. Mannes described his own teacher, an African-American violinist, composer, John Thomas Douglas, as “the man who helped shape my life”.
8 George Gershwin and African American Music
Authors: Peress Maurice 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This chapter details Gershwin's early contacts with African American music and musicians. His Blue Monday Blues of 1922, a failed attempt at writing an operatic scene about Negro characters, is sung by whites in blackface. The chapter also discusses his thoughts on Jewish artists and African American music. Fifteen years later, Gershwin's masterpiece, a folk opera, Porgy and Bess, comes to Broadway and receives mixed reviews. The orchestration question is resolved at the end of the chapter.
9 Leonard Bernstein
Authors: Peress Maurice 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This chapter details how the author of this book meets Leonard Bernstein and starts working with him as an assistant conductor with the New York Philharmonic 1961-2. He then takes part in the less than successful move to Lincoln Center, starts a professional conducting career that will lead to major orchestra and opera engagements including the premier of Bernstein's Mass, and his later reconstructions of American landmark concerts.
10 Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue
Authors: Peress Maurice 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This chapter re-examines the circumstances and events leading up to Paul Whiteman's celebrated historic Aeolian Hall “Experiment in Modern Music”, at which was premiered Gershwin's seminal jazz inspired work, the “Rhapsody in Blue”. The public and most critics were ecstatic; the chapter offers insights as to why some euro-centric music critics remained deeply divided for generations. It then details Whiteman's respect and passion for jazz, and for Ellington; and the role of skilled arrangers. The challenges faced by the author in recreating the Aeolian Hall event “same day, same hour, same block, sixty years later”, are described. Sleuthing out the scores and parts; assembling a replica band that included several unusual instruments such as hecklephone, sopranino saxophone, a serious slide whistle and 1920's drum kit; and relearning how to play ragtime style are explained. The recreated concert sets off a media storm, triumph and is repeated in cities elsewhere starting in Rome, Italy. The chapter finishes with a rethinking of the whole event as but a part of a very rich and textured American music story.
11 The Clef Club Concert
Authors: Peress Maurice 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This chapter presents the detailed story of another historic recreation, this time on the stage of Carnegie Hall where in 1912 the Clef Club concert took place. New challenges were met: an unusual mix, the forming of a new Clef Club orchestra that included thirty strummers — ten each of mandolins, guitars and a rare harp guitar, and banjos — all of whom read complicated music very well; a boys' and men's choir; and a concert orchestra including eight pianists and various soloists. Will Marion Cook's dialect song, “Swing Along” for chorus and orchestra stopped the show as it did sixty seven years earlier.
16 Ellington's Queenie Pie
Authors: Peress Maurice 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This chapter describes the story of Queenie Pie, Ellington's last theater work as told by the author of this book, who worked as an assistant to Ellington when it was a yet-to-be produced one-hour “opera comique” for National Educational Television. The production was abandoned after Ellington died but re-emerged ten years later as a full evening musical with a new libretto by George Wolfe, with the author directing the Ellington orchestra in the pit of the Music Theater Festival of Philadelphia. The chapter also offers insights into Ellington's working methods.
17 Ellington's Black, Brown and Beige
Authors: Peress Maurice 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Ellington's signature work, as a symphonic suite for the Chicago Symphony and reconstructed and returned to Carnegie Hall in its original form for a jazz band, was premiered in 1943. The chapter reveals the work's unusual genesis — Ellington's own narrative poem about the history of the negro in America — and explores Ellington's extraordinary compositional techniques. It demonstrates how complex the compositional process was that created his seemingly happy-go-lucky music; how even the defining idea of jazz-inspired music — a tenor saxophonist “taking off” on an improvised flight for example — was controlled, bent, premeditated by Ellington in the service of his muse; and how he crafted his music from his own poetry.
Afterword
Authors: Peress Maurice 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This final chapter takes a walk through what once was Dvorák's New York neighborhood. It discusses the unsuccessful battle to save the Dvorák House where Dvorák lived from 1892-5. The heightened awareness he brought to the bountiful riches of African American music that helped inspire the Composer-Collector generation — James Weldon Johnson, James Rosamond Johnson, W. C. Handy, Ernest Hogan, and Will Marion Cook — are detailed. It discusses the search for and emergence of a “New African-American Orchestra”, Ford Dabney's theater “roof-top” bands, Hogan and Cook's “Memphis Students Band”, Europe's “Clef Club”, and Cook's “Southern Synchopaters” orchestra, preparing the way for Duke Ellington, “a world-class composer, who stands alone as the foremost American genius who remained loyal to the improvisational, tonal, and rhythmic endowments of African American music”. His universe was an “orchestra” of brilliant jazz artists, one he never found wanting. With a light but firm tether, he drew and followed them along a trail of discovery, leaving glorious artifacts in his path.