bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the complement in experimental sepsis
Authors: Ward Peter A 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAt the Trauma, Shock, Inflammation and Sepsis 2007 conference, the roles of complement activation products and relevant receptors were stressed in the setting of experimental sepsis [cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)] in mice and rats. In addition, some limited evidence was presented related to humans with septic shock (requiring vasopressor support). Collectively, the data suggested that events found in CLP also occur in human sepsis. Experimental sepsis (CLP) in rodents is associated with robust complement consumption and appearance of activation products (C3a, C5a) in plasma. During sepsis, there is up-regulation of C5a receptors (C5aR, C5L2) on blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and in lungs, liver, kidneys, and heart. CLP also leads to dramatic reductions of C5aRs on blood PMNs, the intensity of which correlates with lethality. Interception in vivo of C5a or C5aR dramatically improves survival after CLP, preserves innate immune functions of blood PMNs, and greatly attenuates the intensity of consumptive coagulopathy and activation of the fibrinolytic system after CLP. In humans with septic shock, there is evidence of complement activation products in plasma along with loss of C5aRs on blood PMNs. These data suggest that in septic humans, interception of C5a or C5aR might be clinically efficacious.
A managerial perspective on consultant psychiatrists
Authors: Joyce Lionel , Perkins Rod 
Published: September 2007

This paper explores the range of expectations of psychiatrists held by those in general management in the health service.In most Western countries, including the UK, comprehensive mental health services are predominantly funded from State resources. The role of the psychiatrist has changed in the past 20 years and will without doubt change further in the next 20 years. Expectations of psychiatrists have changed and will continue to do so. We take the position that psychiatrists should continue to have the major leadership role in mental health and in so doing must become increasingly responsive to the changes taking place in health care planning and provision.
Cognitive and behavioural approaches to medication adherence
Authors: Scott Jan 
Published: September 2007

“The desire to take medication is perhaps the greatest feature which distinguishes man from animals.” (Sir William Osler)Medication non-adherence is a major obstacle to translating treatment efficacy in research settings into effectiveness in clinical practice (Dickson & Kendall, 1986; Scott, 1995). Randomised controlled trials indicate that brief interventions such as cognitive-behavioural educational packages for depression, cognitive therapy for lithium clinic attenders and compliance therapy for people with schizophrenia may be beneficial (Cochran, 1984; Katon et al, 1995; Kemp et al, 1996). However, clinical psychiatry has been surprisingly slow to investigate individual risk factors for medication non-adherence or to use strategies to enhance adherence that have been used extensively in other chronic illness populations.
Identification of Patients With Prostate Cancer Who Benefit From Immediate Postoperative Radiotherapy: EORTC 22911
Authors: Van der Kwast Theodorus H. , Bolla Michel , Van Poppel Hein , Van Cangh Paul , Vekemans Kris , Da Pozzo Luigi , Bosset Jean-Francois , Kurth Karl H. , Schröder Fritz H. , Collette Laurence 
Published: September 2007

Purpose The randomized controlled European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) trial 22911 studied the effect of radiotherapy after prostatectomy in patients with adverse risk factors. Review pathology data of specimens from participants in this trial were analyzed to identify which factors predict increased benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients and Methods After prostatectomy, 1,005 patients with stage pT3 and/or positive surgical margins were randomly assigned to a wait-and-see (n = 503) and an adjuvant radiotherapy (60 Gy conventional irradiation) arm (n = 502). Pathologic review data were available for 552 patients from 11 participating centers. The interaction between the review pathology characteristics and treatment benefit was assessed by log-rank test for heterogeneity (P < .05). Results Margin status assessed by review pathology was the strongest predictor of prolonged biochemical disease-free survival with immediate postoperative radiotherapy (heterogeneity, P < .01): by year 5, immediate postoperative irradiation could prevent 291 events/1,000 patients with positive margins versus 88 events/1,000 patients with negative margins. The hazard ratio for immediate irradiation was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.54) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.53 to 1.46) in the groups with positive and negative margins, respectively. We could not identify a significant impact of the positive margin localization. Conclusion Provided careful pathology of the prostatectomy is performed, our results suggest that immediate postoperative radiotherapy might not be recommended for prostate cancer patients with negative surgical margins. These findings require validation on an independent data set.
Phase II Study of Pentostatin in Patients With Corticosteroid-Refractory Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Jacobsohn David A. , Chen Allen R. , Zahurak Marianna , Piantadosi Steven , Anders Viki , Bolaños-Meade Javier , Higman Meghan , Margolis Jeffrey , Kaup Michele , Vogelsang Georgia B. 
Published: September 2007

Purpose Therapy for patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is based on prolonged immunosuppression with corticosteroids. There is no standard therapy for patients whose cGVHD does not resolve with corticosteroid treatment. Pentostatin, a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, has activity in acute GVHD. We examined the toxicity and efficacy of pentostatin in a prospective phase II trial in corticosteroid-refractory cGVHD. Patients and Methods Patients of any age were eligible. Patients received pentostatin 4 mg/m2 intravenously every 2 weeks for 12 doses, and continued therapy as long as benefit was documented. Corticosteroid taper was begun after three doses of pentostatin. Responses were graded in real time in the skin, mouth, and liver using objective response criteria. Results Fifty-eight heavily pretreated (median, four prior regimens) patients (median age, 33 years) were enrolled. Results are shown as an intent-to-treat analysis. Of the 58 patients, a total of 32 (55%; 95% CI, 42% to 68%) had an objective response, as evaluated by use of a new grading scale. Infection was the most significant toxicity, with 11 grade 3 to 4 infectious events. The survival at 1 and 2 years was 78% (95% CI, 64% to 86%) and 70% (95% CI, 57% to 80%), with cGVHD with/without infection accounting for the majority of deaths. Conclusion Pentostatin has immunosuppressive effects that are currently being explored further for treatment of cGVHD.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Cetuximab, Bevacizumab, and Irinotecan Compared With Cetuximab and Bevacizumab Alone in Irinotecan-Refractory Colorectal Cancer: The BOND-2 Study
Authors: Saltz Leonard B. , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Kindler Hedy L. , Hochster Howard S. , Wadler Scott , Hoff Paulo M. , Kemeny Nancy E. , Hollywood Ellen M. , Gonen Mithat , Quinones Marcus , Morse Meroe , Chen Helen X. 
Published: September 2007

Purpose We evaluated the safety and efficacy of concurrent administration of two monoclonal antibodies, cetuximab and bevacizumab, in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients and Methods This was a randomized phase II study in patients with irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancer. All patients were naïve to both bevacizumab and cetuximab. Patients in arm A received irinotecan at the same dose and schedule as last received before study entry, plus cetuximab 400 mg/m2 loading dose, then weekly cetuximab 250 mg/m2, plus bevacizumab 5 mg/kg administered every other week. Patients in arm B received the same cetuximab and bevacizumab as those in arm A but without irinotecan. Results Forty-three patients received cetuximab, bevacizumab, and irinotecan (CBI) and 40 patients received cetuximab and bevacizumab alone (CB). Toxicities were as would have been expected from the single agents. For the CBI arm, time to tumor progression (TTP) was 7.3 months and the response rate was 37%; for the CB arm, TTP was 4.9 months and the response rate was 20%. The overall survival for the CBI arm was 14.5 months and the overall survival for the CB-alone arm was 11.4 months. Conclusion Cetuximab and bevacizumab can be administered concurrently, with a toxicity pattern that seems to be similar to that which would be expected from the two agents alone. This combination plus irinotecan also seems to be feasible. The activity seen with the addition of bevacizumab to cetuximab, or to cetuximab plus irinotecan, seems to be favorable when compared with historical controls of cetuximab or cetuximab/irinotecan in patients who are naïve to bevacizumab.
Community Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus, Human Coronavirus NL63, and Other Respiratory Viruses in Healthy Preschool-Aged Children Using Parent-Collected Specimens
Authors: Lambert Stephen B. , Allen Kelly M. , Druce Julian D. , Birch Chris J. , Mackay Ian M. , Carlin John B. , Carapetis Jonathan R. , Sloots Theo P. , Nissen Michael D. , Nolan Terence M. 
Published: September 2007

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to assess the impact of recently described human metapneumovirus and human coronavirus NL63 compared with other respiratory viruses by using sensitive molecular techniques in a cohort of healthy preschool-aged children. We also aimed to assess the use of parent collection to obtain an adequate respiratory specimen from acutely unwell children in the community.PATIENTS AND METHODS. The community epidemiology and burden of human metapneumovirus and other respiratory viruses (influenza A, influenza B, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, and picornaviruses) were examined in a cohort of 234 preschool-aged children from Melbourne, Australia, over a 12-month period by using polymerase chain reaction testing. Parents collected a daily symptom diary for the duration of the study and were taught to collect a combined nose-throat swab and complete an impact diary when the study child had an acute respiratory illness.RESULTS. The average incidence of acute respiratory illness was 0.48 per child-month for the duration of the study, with a winter peak. Of 543 illnesses with ≥1 specimen returned, 33 were positive for human metapneumovirus (6.1%) and 18 for human coronavirus NL63 (3.3%). Of all of the viruses for which we tested, human metapneumovirus and human coronavirus NL63 were most strongly linked to child care attendance, occurring in 82% and 78% of infected children, respectively. Picornaviruses were the most commonly identified virus group (269 [49.5%]). Influenza virus and adenovirus illnesses had the greatest impact, with fever in more than three quarters and requiring, on average, &gt;1 local doctor visit per illness.CONCLUSIONS. Recently identified human metapneumovirus and human coronavirus NL63 are important pathogens in community-based illness in children, particularly in those who attend child care. Picornaviruses were detected in half of the nose-throat swabs collected during acute respiratory illness in children but resulted in milder illnesses; influenza and adenovirus caused the highest-impact illnesses. The use of parent-collected specimens should be considered for additional community-based epidemiologic studies and vaccine trials.
Cover Picture:Transparent Zeolite–Polymer Hybrid Materials with Adaptable Properties (Adv. Funct. Mater. 14/2007)
Authors: Suárez S. , Devaux A. , Bañuelos J. , Bossart O. , Kunzmann A. , Calzaferri G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOn p. 2298, Gion Calzaferri and co‐workers of the University of Bern, Switzerland report on a new, simple preparation procedure for highly transparent zeolite‐polymer hybrid materials and polymer covered zeolite L monolayers. The thus‐obtained new transparent host–guest inorganic–organic hybrid materials offer fascinating novel possibilities for the development of optical devices such as lenses, special mirrors, filters, polarizer, grids, optical storage devices, and windows.We report here on a simple preparation procedure for highly transparent zeolite‐polymer hybrid materials and polymer covered zeolite L monolayers. Wrapping up zeolites containing, e.g., dye molecules as guest species with alkoxysilane derivatives results in an efficient dispersion of the nano particles into the organic liquid monomer. The following copolymerisation process leads to a hard, insoluble and transparent material containing zeolites. Optical properties such as colour, luminescence, refractive index or photochromism can be adapted by simply changing the type and amount of the guest in the zeolite crystals, while transparency is maintained.
Molecular profiling of proteolytic and lectin transcripts in Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) feeding on sunflower and cowpea
Authors: Coudron Thomas A. , Brandt Sandra L. , Hunter Wayne B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHomalodisca vitripennis Germar 1821 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) [Takiya et al. (2006) Ann Entomol Soc Am 99:648–655; syn. H. coagulata (Say)] salivary gland and gut EST libraries were used to isolate cDNA fragments of the gene transcripts encoding for cathepsin L, asparaginyl endopeptidase, cathepsin B, metalloendopeptidase, cathepsin D, multicatalytic endopeptidase, and a sugar‐binding C‐type lectin. Transcript levels were evaluated in immature and adult H. vitripennis feeding on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Northern blot hybridization results showed that expression of most of the transcripts were similar for all developmental stages and feeding on the two diets examined. However, the expression of the transcript for asparaginyl endopeptidase was less expressed in sunflower‐fed adult females compared to sunflower‐fed immatures. Also, the expression of the C‐type lectin transcript was up‐regulated in adults compared to immatures when fed on either diet. Documenting both the presence and variation of transcript expression involved in putative digestive proteolysis in this xylem‐feeding leafhopper is noteworthy and aids efforts to design specific diet formulations for mass production of hosts and parasitoids to be used as effective biological control measures. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 66:76–88, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of phosphorylated amino acid residues of Rab8 from Bombyx mori
Authors: Uno Tomohide , Nakada Takuya , Okamaoto Sota , Nakamura Masahiko , Matsubara Mamoru , Imaishi Hiromasa , Yamagata Hiroshi , Kanamaru Kengo , Takagi Michihiro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe Rab family of small GTPases are key regulators of membrane trafficking. Partially purified Rab8 from Bombyx mori (BRab8) was phosphorylated by protein kinase C in mammalian cells in vitro. To determine which of the seven serines and four threonines are phosphorylated, we generated deletion and site‐directed mutants of BRab8, inserted them in Escherichia coli, partially purified the encoded fusion proteins by affinity chromatography, and examined their phosphorylation by protein kinase C in vitro. We found that Ser‐132 of BRab8 was specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C. In addition, Western blotting using an antiserum against BRab8 and in‐gel staining for phosphorylated proteins revealed that BRab8 is phosphorylated in vivo. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 66:89–97, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FMRFamide‐like peptides encoded on the flp‐18 precursor gene activate two isoforms of the orphan Caenorhabditis elegans G‐protein‐coupled receptor Y58G8A.4 heterologously expressed in mammalian cells
Authors: Kubiak Teresa M. , Larsen Martha J. , Bowman Jerry W. , Geary Timothy G. , Lowery David E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTwo alternatively spliced variants of an orphan Caenorhabditis elegans G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs; Y58G8A.4a and Y58G8A.4b) were cloned and functionally expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The Y58G8A.4a and Y58G8A.4b proteins (397 and 433 amino acid residues, respectively) differ both in amino acid sequence and length of the C‐terminal tail of the receptor. A calcium mobilization assay was used as a read‐out for receptor function. Both receptors were activated, with nanomolar potencies, by putative peptides encoded by the flp‐18 precursor gene, leading to their designation as FLP‐18R1a (Y58G8A.4a) and FLP‐18R1b (Y58G8A.4b). Three Ascaris suum neuropeptides AF3, AF4, and AF20 all sharing the same FLP‐18 C‐terminal signature, ‐PGVLRF‐NH2, were also potent agonists. In contrast to other previously reported C. elegans GPCRs expressed in mammalian cells, both FLP‐18R1 variants were fully functional at 37°C. However, a 37 to 28°C temperature shift improved their activity, an effect that was more pronounced for FLP‐18R1a. Despite differences in the C‐terminus, the region implicated in distinct G‐protein recognition for many other GPCRs, the same signaling pathways were observed for both Y58G8A.4 isoforms expressed in CHO cells. Gq protein coupling seems to be the main but not the exclusive signaling pathway, because pretreatment of cells with U‐73122, a phospholipase inhibitor, attenuated but did not completely abolish the Ca2+ signal. A weak Gs‐mediated receptor activation was also detected as reflected in an agonist‐triggered concentration‐dependent cAMP increase. The matching of the FLP‐18 peptides with their receptor(s) allows for the evaluation of the pharmacology of this system in the worm in vivo. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 339–348, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Construction, crystal structure and application of a recombinant protein that lacks the collagen‐like region of BclA from Bacillus anthracis spores
Authors: Liu Chun‐Qiang , Nuttall Stewart D. , Tran Hung , Wilkins Michelle , Streltsov Victor A. , Alderton Malcolm R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSpores of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, are enclosed by an exosporium, which consists of a basal layer surrounded by a nap of hair‐like filaments. The major structural component of the filaments is called BclA, which comprises a central collagen‐like region (CLR) and a globular C‐terminal domain. Here, the entire CLR coding sequence of BclA was removed, and the resulting protein (tBclA) produced in Escherichia coli. The crystallographic structure of tBclA was determined to 1.35 Å resolution, and consists of an all‐β structure with a TNF‐like jelly fold topology (12 β‐strands which form 2 β‐sheets of five strands each) consistent with previous studies on wild‐type BclA. These globular domains are tightly packed into trimeric structures (surface shape complementarity; S
c = 0.83), demonstrating that formation of the core structure of BclA is independent of the anchoring collagen‐like region. A polyclonal antibody raised against tBclA recognized B. anthracis spores directly, and showed little cross‐reactivity (<10%) with the spores of the closely related species Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis, when compared to two other polyclonal antibodies raised against B. anthracis spore extracts and inactivated spores. The tBclA protein was used to purify a pool of specific antibodies from bovine colostrum whey samples from cows inoculated with the Sterne strain anthrax vaccine, which also showed reactivity with B. anthracis spores. Together, these results demonstrate that tBclA provides a safer and more effective way to the production and purification of antibodies with high binding affinity for B. anthracis spores. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 774–782. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Commentary on a theory of hypnosis based on principles of conditioning and inhibition Part I: contrasts with other perspectives and supporting evidence
Authors: Barrios Alfred A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis article places in the contemporary context ‘A theory of hypnosis based on principles of conditioning and inhibition’, published earlier in Contemporary Hypnosis (Barrios, 2001). The commentary is in two parts. Here in Part I, following a succinct summary of the theory, there are two sections: (1) contrasting the theory with three other major perspectives in the field, the Sociocognitive, the Dissociation/Neo‐Dissociation, and the Response‐Expectancy perspectives as well as with Erickson's strategic approach to therapy; and (2) some of the supporting research subsequent to the theory's first evolution (1969) is provided. Part II will present some of the benefits of the theory. Copyright © 2007 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Polyoxyethylene‐Substituted Bimetallic Europium Helicate for Luminescent Staining of Living Cells
Authors: Chauvin Anne‐Sophie , Comby Steve , Song Bo , Vandevyver Caroline D. B. , Thomas Frédéric , Bünzli Jean‐Claude G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe homoditopic ligand H2LC3 has been designed to form neutral triple‐stranded bimetallic helicates of overall composition [Ln2(LC3)3]. The grafting of the polyoxyethylene fragments ensures water solubility and also favors cell penetration while being amenable to further derivatization. The ligand pKa values have been determined by spectrophotometric titration and range from 3.5 (sum of the first two) to 10.3. The thermodynamic stability of the helicates is large at physiological pH (logβ23 in the range 22–23). The ligand triplet state has an adequate energy (0–phonon transition at ≈20 800 cm−1) for sensitizing the luminescence of EuIII (Q=11 %). Analysis of the EuIII emission spectrum points to an overall pseudo D3 symmetry for the metal environment. No significant effect of [Eu2(LC3)3] is observed on the viability of several cancerous cell lines (MCF‐7, HeLa, Jurkat, and 5D10). The cell imaging properties of the EuIII helicate are demonstrated for the HeLa cell line by luminescence microscopy. Bright EuIII emission is seen for helicate concentration >50 μM and after 20–30 min loading time. The helicate stains the cytoplasm and the permeation mechanism is likely to be endocytosis.