bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactivity of Cumulene Complexes. Two Competing Pathways in Oxidative Solvolysis of Tetramethylbutatriene(hexacarbonyl)diiron
Authors: Kiyooka Syun-ichi , Atagi Takuya , Fujiyama Ryoji , Isobe Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oxidation of tetramethylbutatriene(hexacarbonyl)diiron in alcohols by eerie ammonium nitrite regioselectively gives diene-diesters and acetylene-diethers in moderate yields. The reaction is the first example showing that both the carbonylation and etherification of cumulene ligand with solvent alcohols take place concurrently on cationic 17-electron species.
Synthesis of (R)-(+)-4-Butyl-2,6-cycloheptadienone, a Constituent of Marine Algae
Authors: Asaoka Morio , Takenouchi Kazuya , Takei Hisashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title compound was synthesized from (R)-(−)-5-trimethylsilyl-2-cyclohexenone in 19% overall yield.
A Possible Model of Aromatic-Guest Recognition in Paracyclophane-Guest Inclusion Processes
Authors: Aoyama Norihito , Sakurai Minoru , Kitagawa Masaki , Inoue Yoshio , Chûjô Riichirô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
On the basis of the MMP2 molecular mechanics calculations, a possible mechanism is proposed for aromatic-guest selectivity found in the formation of paracyclophane-guest inclusion complexes.
Synthesis of 2-Acetoxy-4-formylphenyl 2,3-Di-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-d-arabino-5-hexulofuranoside, Structure Confirmation of the Anomeric Configuration of Antibiotic Hygromycin A
Authors: Chida Noritaka , Ohtsuka Masami , Ogawa Seiichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-Acetoxy-4-formylphenyl 2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-d-arabino-5-hexulofuranoside, one of the degradation products of antibiotic hygromycin A, was synthesized. The present study confirmed the anomeric configuration of the antibiotic to be “β”.
A Convenient Method for the Transformation of Allylstannanes to Alcohols, Ethers, Esters, and Amines
Authors: Takeda Takeshi , Inoue Tomoya , Fujiwara Tooru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Allylstannanes were easily oxidized with copper(II) bromide in the presence of water, alcohols, and sodium acetate to give the corresponding allylic alcohols, ethers, and acetates, respectively. The allylic amines were also obtained by the successive treatments of allylstannanes with copper(II) bromide and amines.
Recognition–Adsorption of Artificial Liposomes onto Glass Surface Modified with Octadecylsilyl Monolayer
Authors: Yamamura Kazuo , Hatakeyama Hitoshi , Tabushi Iwao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Octadecylsilyl(ODS) modified glass support having R–NH2 in the template cavity on ODS, (H2N–R)y·ODS[SiO2], adsorbed negatively charged artificial liposomes, (X(i)/Lip·CL−), opening a way to a new unique supramolecular assembly system.
A questionnaire survey on the management of Graves’ orbitopathy in Europe
Authors: _ _ , Perros P , Baldeschi L , Boboridis K , Dickinson A J , Hullo A , Kahaly G J , Kendall-Taylor P , Krassas G E , Lane C M , Lazarus J H , Marcocci C , Marino M , Mourits M P , Nardi M , Orgiazzi J , Pinchera A , Pitz S , Prummel M F , Wiersinga W M 
Published: July 2006

Objective: To determine management patterns among clinicians who treat patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) in Europe.
Design and methods: Questionnaire survey including a case scenario of members of professional organisations representing endocrinologists, ophthalmologists and nuclear medicine physicians.
Results: A multidisciplinary approach to manage GO was valued by 96.3% of responders, although 31.5% did not participate or refer to a multidisciplinary team and 21.5% of patients with GO treated by responders were not managed in a multidisciplinary setting. Access to surgery for sight-threatening GO was available only within weeks or months according to 59.5% of responders. Reluctance to refer urgently to an ophthalmologist was noted by 32.7% of responders despite the presence of suspected optic neuropathy. The use of steroids was not influenced by the age of the patient, but fewer responders chose to use steroids in a diabetic patient (72.1 vs 90.5%, P < 0.001). Development of cushingoid features resulted in a reduction in steroid use (90.5 vs 36.5%, P < 0.001) and increase in the use of orbital irradiation (from 23.8% to 40.4%, P < 0.05) and surgical decompression (from 20.9 to 52.9%, P < 0.001). More ophthalmologists chose surgical decompression for patients with threatened vision due to optic neuropathy, who were intolerant to steroids than other specialists (70.3 vs 41.8%, P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Deficiencies in the management of patients with GO in Europe were identified by this survey. Further training of clinicians, easier access of patients to specialist multidisciplinary centres and the publication of practice guidelines may help improve the management of this condition in Europe.
Baseline characteristics and response to GH replacement of hypopituitary patients previously irradiated for pituitary adenoma or craniopharyngioma: data from the Pfizer International Metabolic Database
Authors: Maiter D , Abs R , Johannsson G , Scanlon M , Jönsson P J , Wilton P , Koltowska-Häggström M 
Published: July 2006

Objective: To test the hypothesis whether the effects of GH replacement therapy in adults could be affected by prior pituitary irradiation, the baseline characteristics and response to GH were evaluated in adults with severe GH deficiency (GHD), who had received or not irradiation for the treatment of pituitary adenoma or craniopharyngioma.
Design: Data from 447 patients, who had received radiotherapy (427 in addition to surgery), and 630 patients, who were operated on but not irradiated for their tumour, were retrieved from Pfizer International Metabolic Database (KIMS) and compared at baseline and 1 and 2 years following the onset of GH replacement.
Results: Irradiated and non-irradiated patients exhibited the expected phenotype of GHD at baseline. However, irradiated patients had a greater impairment in the quality of life (QoL), a higher fat mass, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and a lower bone mineral content (BMC) than non-irradiated patients. Treatment with GH induced similar changes in both groups. After 1 year of GH replacement, there was an increase in serum IGF-I and fat-free mass, a reduction in fat mass and an improvement in QoL, all changes being equivalent in irradiated and non-irradiated patients. The lipid profile also improved with the irradiated patients showing a better response. These beneficial effects were maintained and the BMC also increased in both groups by the second year of treatment.
Conclusions: This analysis shows that prior irradiation for pituitary adenoma or craniopharyngioma does not compromise the beneficial effects of GH replacement therapy.
Is ghrelin a signal of decreased fat-free mass in elderly subjects?
Authors: Bertoli S , Magni P , Krogh V , Ruscica M , Dozio E , Testolin G , Battezzati A 
Published: July 2006

Objective: Aging is associated with appetite decline, weight loss, reduced fat-free mass (FFM), and increased fat mass (FM). Ghrelin and leptin are short- and long-term determinants of energy balance respectively, whose dysregulation could alter food intake. We evaluate the relationship of circulating ghrelin and leptin responses to standardized oral mixed nutrient load (SOMNL) with body composition, daily food intake, and insulin sensitivity in healthy elderly subjects (ES).
Design and methods: Twenty-six ES (12/14 M/F, 69±4 years) and ten young healthy controls (LY) (5/5 M/F, 27±3 years) were studied at the International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (Milan, Italy) with air plethysmography, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, indirect calorimetry, and dietary intake assessment. Basal and postprandial ghrelin, leptin, testosterone, glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R)) and sensitivity (quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI)) were evaluated.
Results: Basal ghrelin levels were similar in ES and LY, whereas leptin was higher in ES than LY, in agreement with the higher amount of FM. Basal and percentage change in ghrelin were inversely related to FFM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and QUICKI, but not to FM. Basal and percentage change in leptin were directly related to FM and not to FFM indexes. Ghrelin basal concentration was negatively correlated with energy and protein intake and with QUICKI. Percentage change in Ghrelin after SOMNL correlated negatively with protein intake, but positively with resting energy expenditure and energy intake, and glucose, insulin, C-peptide basal concentrations, and HOMA-R.
Conclusion: In ES, basal and postprandial ghrelin increases with FFM, specifically SMM, reduction, whereas leptin increases with relative FM increases.
Effect of Food and Ranitidine on Saquinavir Pharmacokinetics and Gastric pH in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Kakuda Thomas N. , Falcon Ronald W. 
Published: July 2006

Study Objectives. To assess the relative bioavailability of saquinavir after administration with ranitidine alone, ranitidine and food, and food alone; and to investigate the mechanism underlying the effects of pH and food on saquinavir absorption.Design. Single‐center, open‐label, randomized, three‐part crossover, pharmacokinetic pilot study.Setting. General clinical research center in Scotland.Subjects. Twelve healthy male volunteers.Intervention. Each subject was given a single dose of saquinavir mesylate 600 mg with one of three randomly assigned treatments: ranitidine 150 mg on the evening before and 150 mg on the day of study drug administration, without food (treatment A); ranitidine 150 mg on the evening before and 150 mg on the day of study drug administration, with food (treatment B); and with food alone (treatment C, control). After a 7‐day washout period between each of the interventions, subjects received the other two treatments.Measurements and Main Results. Blood samples were taken serially for 24 hours after each saquinavir dose, and gastric pH was measured during the 8 hours after dosing. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study. Single doses of saquinavir were well tolerated with or without ranitidine. Of the three treatments, the highest mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) for saquinavir occurred with treatment B; the lowest Cmax and AUC occurred with treatment A. Compared with treatment C (control), saquinavir's bioavailability was 15.9% (90% confidence interval [CI] 10–25%) after treatment A and 167% (90% CI 106–265%) after treatment B. Interindividual variability in both Cmax and AUC was slightly greater after treatments A and B than after treatment C. No correlation was found between pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax and AUC) and gastric pH parameters, including maximum pH and pH at the time of drug delivery.Conclusion. Plasma concentrations of saquinavir were significantly higher when the drug was administered with food and ranitidine than when it was given with food alone. However, these increases were not related to changes in gastric pH caused by ranitidine. It can be postulated that food does not increase the bioavailability of saquinavir through its effect on gastric pH.
Factors Affecting the Apparent Clearance of Tacrolimus in Korean Adult Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Lee Ju Yeun , Hahn Hyeon Joo , Son In Ja , Suh Kyung Suk , Yi Nam Joon , Oh Jung Mi , Shin Wan Gyoon 
Published: July 2006

Study Objective. To identify the factors affecting tacrolimus apparent total body clearance (Cl/F [F = bioavailability]) in adult liver transplant recipients.Design. Population pharmacokinetic analysis using data from a retrospective chart review.Setting. University‐affiliated hospital in Seoul, South Korea.Patients. Fifty‐one adult liver transplant recipients who had received tacrolimus after transplantation.Measurements and Main Results. Data on 35 adult liver transplant recipients for model building and 16 patients for model validation were obtained retrospectively. Population average parameter estimates of Cl/F and apparent volume of distribution (V/F) were sought by using the nonlinear mixed‐effect model (NONMEM) program. A number of clinical covariates were screened for their influence on these pharmacokinetic parameters. The final optimal population model related Cl/F to total bilirubin, early (≤ 3 days) and late (> 35 days) postoperative days, international normalized ratio (INR), and graft:recipient weight ratio (GRWR). The NONMEM estimates indicated that the Cl/F of tacrolimus was decreased in patients with a small graft, hyperbilirubinemia, and a high INR. In addition, the Cl/F of tacrolimus almost doubled 4 days after transplantation, but decreased with an increase in duration of therapy after day 35. Mean prediction error and mean absolute prediction error were 0.26 and 3.78 ng/ml, respectively, for the validation sample. A final analysis in all 51 patients, which consisted of 1775 blood samples for concentration measurements, identified the following regression model: Cl/F (L/hr) = (0.36 + 2.01/POD • L) • TBIL−0.23 (TBIL = 1 if TBIL level ≤ 1.2 mg/dl, otherwise TBIL = TBIL level) • 0.49(if POD ≤ 3 days) • 0.75(if INR > 1.4) • 0.86(if GRWR ≤ 1.25%) • WT, where L was 1 if postoperative day (POD) was greater than 35 days, otherwise L was 0; V/F was 568 L, TBIL was total bilirubin, and WT was body weight. The interindividual variabilities (coefficients of variation) in Cl/F and V/F were 35.35% and 68.12%, respectively. The residual variability was 3.14 ng/ml.Conclusion. These findings could be useful to the health care provider for adjustment of tacrolimus dosage in adult liver transplant recipients with various clinical factors.
Reversal of Elevated International Normalized Ratios and Bleeding with Low‐Dose Recombinant Activated Factor VII in Patients Receiving Warfarin
Authors: Dager William E. , King Jeff H. , Regalia Ron C. , Williamson Dean , Gosselin Robert C. , White Richard H. , Tharratt R. Steven , Albertson Timothy E. 
Published: July 2006

Study Objective. To assess the effectiveness of using low‐dose recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) to reverse the effects of warfarin in critically ill patients with major bleeding events.Design. Prospective observational study.Setting. Intensive care unit of a 500‐bed university‐affiliated hospital.Patients. Sixteen nonhemophiliac patients who had been receiving warfarin and had an acute major bleeding event.Intervention. Patients received rFVIIa 1.2 mg for reversal of anticoagulation.Measurements and Main Results. Patients were identified from clinical pharmacology consult service electronic tracking records, and their data were cross‐checked with the pharmacy information system. Information collected for each patient included extent of bleeding and magnitude of elevation in international normalized ratio (INR). A mean ± SD dose of rFVIIa 16.3 ± 4.1 μg/kg (range 11–25 μg/kg) reduced the mean INR from 2.8 ± 1.6 (range 1.44–6.34) to 1.07 ± 0.27 (range 0.86–1.92, p<0.001). A rapid onset of response for achieving a desirable hemostatic effect was observed in 14 of the 16 patients.Conclusion. Low‐dose rFVIIa appears to be an effective, rapid reversal modality for major bleeding events in the presence of warfarin and an elevated INR. The agent's response is quicker than that expected with fresh frozen plasma combined with vitamin K. In emergency situations, rFVIIa 1.2 mg can be used to reverse the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other vitamin K antagonists without inducing a hypercoagulable state; the product, however, is expensive.
Geography versus brands in a global wine market
Authors: Schamel Günter 
Published: July 2006

AbstractProducer brands increasingly dominate global wine markets, while generic advertising promotes regionality and exports (e.g., Australia, Spain). We analyze U.S. price data and quality indicators for 24 wine regions within 11 countries using a hedonic model. We assess the value of producer brands vs. geographical indicators, defining an indicator for high, average, and low quality producers (brands) within a region based on relative peer performance, i.e., whether they consistently produce qualities above or below their regional average. In contrast to high quality producers from France and Italy, their counterparts from the New World never exceed prices for high quality Napa Valley brands. Thus, New World wine still has to catch up with the Old World in terms of regional reputation, but leading brands are able to pick up much of the price differential. Generic promotions, export quality controls, and regional quality leaders emphasizing origin in their own marketing may level the playing field for laggard regions. [EconLit citations: D400, Q130, L140]. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 22: 363–374, 2006.
A peptide from thrombospondin 1 modulates experimental erosive arthritis by regulating connective tissue growth factor
Authors: Manns Joanne M. , Uknis Audrey B. , Rico Mario C. , Agelan Alexis , Castaneda Julian , Arango Israel , Barbe Mary F. , Safadi Fayez F. , Popoff Steven N. , DeLa Cadena Raul A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with leukocyte adhesion to and extravasation through vascular endothelium into synovial tissue. Recent evidence indicates that the thrombospondin 1 gene is up‐regulated in patients with RA. We have identified a region within the TSP‐1 type 3 repeats that inhibits human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and binds to human neutrophils. The present study was undertaken to investigate the therapeutic benefit of this TSP‐1–derived peptide sequence and its effect on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a protein involved in fibrotic disorders and in neovascularization, which is a hallmark of RA.MethodsCTGF gene and protein expression, as well as protein levels of CTGF in the synovium, after treatment with the TSP‐1–derived peptide were studied in the peptidoglycan–polysaccharide animal model of erosive arthritis.ResultsPeptide treatment prevented joint infiltration and inflammation and was associated with reduced circulating antigen levels of HNE and TSP‐1. Additionally, CTGF was up‐regulated in this experimental model of RA. Treatment with the TSP‐1–derived peptide was associated with down‐regulation of the message and protein levels of CTGF. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the mean area fraction of CTGF immunoreactivity in the peptide‐treated group of animals was significantly less than that in the untreated group.ConclusionThese results document a role for TSP‐1 in regulating CTGF gene and protein expression in synovial tissue, suggesting a link with the disease course in this model of RA. This TSP‐1–derived synthetic peptide may represent an important template for drug development in RA and other inflammatory conditions associated with neutrophil activation.
Bone marrow endothelial progenitors are defective in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Papa Nicoletta Del , Quirici Nadia , Soligo Davide , Scavullo Cinzia , Cortiana Michela , Borsotti Chiara , Maglione Wanda , Comina Denise P. , Vitali Claudio , Fraticelli Paolo , Gabrielli Armando , Cortelezzi Agostino , Lambertenghi‐Deliliers Giorgio 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectiveVascular abnormalities represent the main component of the pathobiology of systemic sclerosis (SSc), progressing from structural derangements of the microcirculation with abortive neoangiogenesis to final vessel loss. Since circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are important in the vascular repair process, we undertook this study to examine their numbers in the peripheral blood (PB) of SSc patients and to evaluate whether their status is related to impaired quantitative and/or qualitative aspects of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment.MethodsCirculating EPCs from 62 SSc patients were evaluated by flow cytometry and characterized as CD45 negative and CD133 positive. BM EPCs, identified as CD133 positive, were isolated from 14 SSc patients and grown to induce endothelial differentiation. In addition, progenitor numbers and functional properties of hematopoietic and stromal compartments were analyzed by various assays.ResultsWe found that EPCs were detectable in the PB of patients with SSc, and their number was significantly increased in patients with early‐stage disease but not in those with late‐stage disease. All of the examined BM samples contained reduced numbers of EPCs and stromal cells, both of which were functionally impaired. Both endothelial and stromal progenitors expressed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, indicating that BM is strongly induced to differentiate into the endothelial lineage; furthermore, only BM EPCs from patients with early disease led to endothelial differentiation in vitro.ConclusionThis study provides the first demonstration that in SSc, there is a complex impairment in the BM microenvironment involving both the endothelial and mesenchymal stem cell compartments and that this impairment might play a role in defective vasculogenesis in scleroderma.
Effect of crowding by dextrans and Ficolls on the rate of alkaline phosphatase–catalyzed hydrolysis: A size‐dependent investigation
Authors: Homchaudhuri L. , Sarma Navanita , Swaminathan Rajaram 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe cell cytosol is crowded with macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and membranes. The consequences of such crowding remain unclear. How is the rate of a typical enzymatic reaction, involving a freely diffusing enzyme and substrate, affected by the presence of macromolecules of different sizes, shapes, and concentrations? Here, we mimic the cytosolic crowding in vitro, using dextrans and Ficolls, for the first time in a variety of sizes ranging from 15 to 500 kDa, in a concentration range 0–30% w/w. Alkaline phosphatase–catalyzed hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) was chosen as the model reaction. A pronounced decrease in the rate with increase in fractional volume occupancy of dextran is observed for larger dextrans (200 and 500 kDa) in contrast to smaller dextrans (15–70 kDa). Our results indicate that, at 20% w/w, smaller dextrans (15–70 kDa) reduce the initial rate moderately (1.4‐ to 2.4‐fold slowing), while larger dextrans (>200 kDa) slow the reaction considerably (>5‐fold). Ficolls (70 and 400 kDa) slow the reaction moderately (1.3‐ to 2.3‐fold). The influence of smaller dextrans was accounted by a combination of increase in viscosity as sensed by PNPP and a minor offsetting increase in enzyme activity due to crowding. Larger dextrans apparently reduce the frequency of enzyme substrate encounter. The reduced influence of Ficolls is attributed to their compact and quasispherical shape, much unlike the dextrans. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83: 477–486, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com