bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation characterization of measurement errors of the wide-range environmentally friendly current transformers
Authors: Zhao Ying , Liu Xueli , Hou Guangdong , Song Ke , Xu Zhongli 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To accurately measure the hundreds of millions of dollars of electricity consumed, the accuracy, safety, environmental friendliness, and reliability of current transformers become crucial. In response to these problems, there is an urgent need to develop an environmentally friendly current transformer that can adapt to the needs of power systems with wide-range current fluctuations. Therefore, in this paper, the simulation model of a three-phase current transformer with a combined transformer is developed. Simulation and verification work for the relationship between the error characteristics of environmentally friendly current transformers and the influence of magnetic field changes in each phase and the magnitude of the load on the secondary side. We compared the measurement errors before and after active compensation, demonstrating that environmentally friendly current transformers can increase the range and measurement flat frequency range while ensuring their 0.2S class measurement accuracy. This in turn proves the feasibility of wide-range environmentally friendly current transformers.
Research on scenario construction and economic analysis for electric-hydrogen coupling
Authors: Wan Jinming , Kang Jiandong , Liu Zhangli , Yan Huaguang , Li Yang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Driven by the “dual carbon” goal and the construction of a New Power System, hydrogen energy as an electric energy storage medium will play an important role and be applied to each link of the power system in the future, showing the development trend as electric-hydrogen coupling. This paper researches 8 typical application scenarios of hydrogen energy throughout the source, grid, and load of a New Power System, describes their composition and characteristics, and calculates economic indicators using the life cycle method, such as the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). At present, the LCOH is high, and the conditions for large-scale promotion have not been met in the short term. The LCOH shows a linear downward trend with the decrease of renewable energy levelized cost or electrolytic cell cost. The LCOH shows a first rapid and then slow downward trend as the efficiency and utilization hours of hydrogen production equipment increase. Generally, when the equipment efficiency exceeds 90% or the utilization hours exceed 19 hours, the improvement of relevant parameters has little impact on the LCOH. With the further improvement of key parameters, hydrogen production-based electricity will have a certain cost competitiveness in the future.
Architecture and design of a remote operation and maintenance master station for power equipment
Authors: Chen Junhong , Zhang Qiran , Zhong Zhaobin , Xia Ruicong , Ye Qing , Chen Tao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The study aims to alleviate the pressure of operation and maintenance of primary and secondary power equipment and improve the work efficiency of operation and maintenance personnel. It explores the early elimination of safety hazards in power equipment and hopes to ensure the safe operation of the power grid. This article designs a remote operation and maintenance master station architecture for power equipment, through specialized power operation and maintenance communication protocols and file transmission methods. It summarizes data to the operation and maintenance master station. The data is then analyzed and processed. The operation and maintenance personnel of equipment with safety hazards are promptly notified. Further, the study distinguishes whether faulty equipment needs on-site operation and maintenance through intelligent technology. It provides remote operation and maintenance functions for power equipment. It reduces the number of on-site operations and maintenance personnel. It improves the level of refined management and operation and maintenance capabilities of equipment. The study has a certain reference value for remote operation and maintenance technology of power equipment.
Optimization scheduling of power system under load winter and summer double-peak scenario
Authors: Fu Lei , Zheng Lin , Wu Dingding , Zhang Zaichi , Li Tiange , Hu Zhijian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In recent years, due to people’s need for a better life and the impact of extreme weather factors, the annual load curve shows a winter-summer double-peak pattern in summer and winter. In addition, due to the large-scale grid integration of renewable energy sources such as wind power, the uncertainty of its output has further increased the net load during the double-peak scenario, putting the power system under even greater pressure to supply electricity. In this paper, we study the day-ahead hierarchical optimal scheduling model of the power system under the double-peak scenario, considering the pumped-storage flexibility space and the extreme boundary flexibility demand. We simulate and analyze the impacts of different operation modes of the pumped-storage power plant on the scheduling results. The simulation shows that the proposed method can give full play to the effect of pumped storage peak shaving and valley filling and guarantee the reliability of the power supply under the double-peak scenario.
Optimal configuration and power scheduling algorithm of distributed power system with large range power flow transfer
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Tian Guang , Yang Lei , Yang Yang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The distributed power system is composed of multiple distributed energy sources, loads and energy storage devices, which have the characteristics of decentralization and complexity. Therefore, a distributed power system optimal allocation and power dispatching algorithm considering large-scale power flow transfer is proposed. Calculate the power flow values of different nodes, and construct an optimization model according to the results to complete power flow transmission. In the inner loop, the current dispatching is set as the objective, and in the outer loop, the voltage dispatching is set as the objective. Distributed power system scheduling is completed by double closed-loop vectors. The experimental results show that the power oscillation amplitude of this method is small and the duration is short.
The data acquisition system for the PANDA Micro-Vertex Detector
Authors: Manzhura O. , Caselle M. , Ardila-Perez L.E. , Calvo D. , Chilingaryan S. , Cossio F. , Dritschler T. , Kopmann A. , Lenta F. , Mazza G. , Peter M. , Sidorenko V. , Staněk P. , Stockmanns T. , Tomášek L. , Tröll N. , Unger K.L. , Zaunick H.-G. , Becker J. , Brinkmann K.-T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The PANDA (antiProton ANnihilation at DArmstadt) experiment will study the strong interaction in annihilation reactions between an antiproton beam and a stationary cluster jet target. The PANDA detector will be composed of several sub-detectors designed for tracking, particle identification and calorimetry. The Micro-Vertex Detector (MVD) is the innermost part of the tracking system surrounding the interaction region, which is designed for precise vertex and tracking detection. It consists of silicon pixel and double-sided microstrip detectors. For the readout of the microstrip sensors an ASIC called ToASt (Torino Asic for Strip readout) is being developed in 0.11 μm CMOS technology at INFN Turin. The ASIC takes advantage of both Time-over-Threshold and Time-of-Arrival methods to accurately measure the event's energy and timestamp. To sustain the acquisition of the microstrip sensors a MDC (Module Data Concentrator) ASIC is under development at KIT. Up to eight ToASt front-ends' data streams are multiplexed, read out and processed by one MDC. The data of several MDCs are collected and processed by the off-detector readout card MMB (MVD Multiplexer Board), also under development at KIT. The processed data is then transferred via 100 GbE optical links to the computing nodes. The ToASt chips have been integrated with the FPGA implementation of the MDC to form the first fully functional detector module. Beam tests have been performed at the COSY facility in Jülich. This paper focuses on the design of MDC ASIC and MMB board, the integration with the ToASt and presents preliminary beam test results.
Radiation test of commercial of the shelf (COTS) optical transceivers in the frame of the beam position monitor (BPM) consolidation project for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
Authors: Barros Marin M. , Boccardi A. , Can Ozdogan S. , Danzeca S. , Ferraro R. , Scialdone A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The consolidation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) beam position monitor (BPM) requires the deployment of about 5000 single-mode radiation-tolerant optical transmitters, working at 10 Gbps during 20 years of operation. While the use of the custom devices being designed at CERN remains the baseline for the project, 8 commercial of the shelf (COTS) optical transceivers have been evaluated as an alternative. This paper presents the results of the full characterization in radiation of these COTS devices, including cumulative effects and single event effects (SEE), evaluated during both data transmission and reception.
The Silicon Charge Detector of the High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection experiment
Authors: Silvestre G. ,   the HERD SCD collaboration
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detector (HERD) is an experiment designed for direct
measurement of cosmic rays on the Chinese Space Station in 2027. Its goals include precise
measurements of cosmic ray energy spectra, mass composition, electron/positron spectra, cosmic
rays anisotropy, gamma ray astronomy and indirect searches for Dark Matter. HERD features a
55X0, homogeneous, 3D segmented imaging calorimeter and can detect particles from the top and
four lateral sides, providing precise energy measurements and electron/proton separation for a
wide field of view. A key detector in HERD is the Silicon Charge Detector (SCD). SCD measures the
charge of particles before interaction with other materials, minimizing cosmic rays nuclei
fragmentation and reducing systematics on nuclei flux measurement. Thorough studies, TCAD and/or
SPICE simulations, and accelerator tests on prototypes have been conducted to evaluate the
tracking and charge resolution capabilities of the SCD. Further testing with 300 μm detectors
is planned in the coming months to fully characterize the SCD's performance. This paper presents
the results of the simulation studies and of the measured performance with particles.
The CMS Fast Beam Condition Monitor for HL-LHC
Authors: Auzinger G. , Bakhshiansohi H. , Dabrowski A. , Delannoy A.G. , Dierlamm A. , Dragicevic M. , Gholami A. , Gomez G. , Guthoff M. , Haranko M. , Homna A. , Jenihhin M. , Kaplon J. , Karacheban O. , Korcsmáros B. , Liu W.H. , Lokhovitskiy A. , Loos R. , Mallows S. , Michel J. , Myronenko V. , Pásztor G. , Pari M. , Schwandt J. , Sedghi M. , Shevelev A. , Shibin K. , Steinbrueck G. , Stickland D. , Ujvari B. , Wegrzyn G.J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC brings unprecedented requirements for real-time and
precision bunch-by-bunch online luminosity measurement and beam-induced background monitoring. A
key component of the CMS Beam Radiation, Instrumentation and Luminosity system is a stand-alone
luminometer, the Fast Beam Condition Monitor (FBCM), which is fully independent from the CMS
central trigger and data acquisition services and able to operate at all times with a triggerless
readout. FBCM utilizes a dedicated front-end application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to
amplify the signals from CO2-cooled silicon-pad sensors with a timing resolution of a few
nanoseconds, which enables the measurement of the beam-induced background. FBCM uses a modular
design with two half-disks of twelve modules at each end of CMS, with four service modules placed
close to the outer edge to reduce radiation-induced aging. The electronics system design adapts
several components from the CMS Tracker for power, control and read-out functionalities. The
dedicated FBCM23 ASIC contains six channels and adjustable shaping time to optimize the noise with
regards to sensor leakage current. Each ASIC channel outputs a single binary high-speed
asynchronous signal carrying time-of-arrival and time-over-threshold information. The chip output
signal is digitized,
encoded, and sent via a radiation-hard gigabit transceiver
and an optical link
to the back-end electronics for analysis. This paper reports on the updated design of the FBCM
detector and the ongoing testing program.
Experimental analysis of the electric field distribution in semi-insulating GaAs detectors via alpha particles
Authors: Kurucova N. , Šagátová A. , Pavlovič M. , Zaťko B. , Kováčová E. , Boháček P. , Škriniarová J. , Predanocy M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Semi-insulating gallium arsenide (SI GaAs) detectors offer a promising alternative to commercially available silicon detectors. They demonstrate superior radiation hardness and provide improved efficiency for gamma and X-ray detection, primarily attributed to their higher density. In this study, we examined 350 μm thick SI GaAs detectors featuring front-side Ti/Pt/Au Schottky contacts with varying contact areas, complemented by back-side Ni/AuGe/Au ohmic contacts spanning the entire area. First, the reverse current-voltage characteristics of the prepared detectors were measured. The dependence of the reverse current and the breakdown voltage on the Schottky contact area was revealed. As the contact area decreases, the reverse current decreases and the breakdown voltage increases. The detection performance of the detectors was evaluated by alpha spectrometry using an 241Am source. After irradiation of the detectors from the Schottky electrode, the measured alpha spectra show an increasing CCE with decreasing Schottky contact area. Finally, the correlation between the applied bias voltage and the extent of the active detector area from the edge of the detector contact was investigated.
Determination of Henry's law coefficient of oxygen in LAB for JUNO
Authors: Qi X. , Sun X. , Li J. , Hu T. , Fang J. , Zhou L. , Yu B. , Sun L. , Liu W. , Cai X. , Ding Y. , Xie Y. , Zuo G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO)
requires that the detector use liquid scintillator with an extremely
low background to achieve the desired measurement accuracy of
neutrino mixing parameters. In addition, the production process of
the liquid scintillator must avoid radon gas contamination caused by
equipment leakage. Direct measurement of radon gas in liquid
scintillator is an option for system leak detection. However,
considering the low percentage of radon gas and high percentage of
oxygen in air, the measurement of oxygen in liquid scintillator will
have higher sensitivity. Based on Henry's law and the measuring
principle of a dissolved oxygen meter, an experimental device is
designed to measure Henry's law coefficient and calibrate the
dissolved oxygen meter. Henry's law coefficient of oxygen in linear
alkylbenzene (LAB) at 23.6 °C derived from an experimental
measurement is
2.09 × 107 ± 2.54 ×
106 Pa·L·mol-1. The feasibility of using a
dissolved oxygen meter to measure the dissolved oxygen content in
LAB is verified by calibrating the dissolved oxygen meter.
Soil incubation methods lead to large differences in inferred methane production temperature sensitivity
Authors: Li Zhen , Grant Robert F , Chang Kuang-Yu , Hodgkins Suzanne B , Tang Jinyun , Cory Alexandra , Mekonnen Zelalem A , Saleska Scott R , Brodie Eoin L , Varner Ruth K , Rich Virginia I , Wilson Rachel M , Chanton Jeff P , Crill Patrick , Riley William J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Quantifying the temperature sensitivity of methane (CH4) production is crucial for predicting how wetland ecosystems will respond to climate warming. Typically, the temperature sensitivity (often quantified as a Q10 value) is derived from laboratory incubation studies and then used in biogeochemical models. However, studies report wide variation in incubation-inferred Q10 values, with a large portion of this variation remaining unexplained. Here we applied observations in a thawing permafrost peatland (Stordalen Mire) and a well-tested process-rich model (ecosys) to interpret incubation observations and investigate controls on inferred CH4 production temperature sensitivity. We developed a field-storage-incubation modeling approach to mimic the full incubation sequence, including field sampling at a particular time in the growing season, refrigerated storage, and laboratory incubation, followed by model evaluation. We found that CH4 production rates during incubation are regulated by substrate availability and active microbial biomass of key microbial functional groups, which are affected by soil storage duration and temperature. Seasonal variation in substrate availability and active microbial biomass of key microbial functional groups led to strong time-of-sampling impacts on CH4 production. CH4 production is higher with less perturbation post-sampling, i.e. shorter storage duration and lower storage temperature. We found a wide range of inferred Q10 values (1.2–3.5), which we attribute to incubation temperatures, incubation duration, storage duration, and sampling time. We also show that Q10 values of CH4 production are controlled by interacting biological, biochemical, and physical processes, which cause the inferred Q10 values to differ substantially from those of the component processes. Terrestrial ecosystem models that use a constant Q10 value to represent temperature responses may therefore predict biased soil carbon cycling under future climate scenarios.
A scenario analysis of the energy transition in Japan’s road transportation sector based on the LEAP model
Authors: Meng Linghao , Li Mei , Asuka Jusen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Japan has lagged behind other developed nations in transitioning its transportation sector to sustainable energy sources. This study employs the Low Emissions Analysis Platform model to examine six scenarios, assessing energy consumption and emissions associated with four major energy sources and pollutants. Our findings reveal an overall decline in total energy consumption across all scenarios. Notably, the Combined scenario where multiple policies are integrated demonstrates the most significant reduction, with a 56% decrease compared to the Business as usual scenario by 2050. The analysis also indicates that the electricity and hydrogen demand for electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles remains economically viable within future strategic plans. Emissions, including CO2, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Methane (CH4), and Nitrous Oxide (N2O), exhibit substantial reductions, particularly under the Active Promotion Scenario, where a high EV adoption rate is achieved. Moreover, the Combined scenario resulting in a comprehensive and integrated approach, leads to a remarkable 66% decrease in emissions. These results serve as valuable reference points for the Japanese government, aiding in the formulation of future targets for widespread EV adoption and emission standards for pollutants.
Can socio-economic indicators of vulnerability help predict spatial variations in the duration and severity of power outages due to tropical cyclones?
Authors: Johnson Paul M , Jackson Nicole D , Baroud Hiba , Staid Andrea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tropical cyclones are the leading cause of major power outages in the U.S., and their effects can be devastating for communities. However, few studies have holistically examined the degree to which socio-economic variables can explain spatial variations in disruptions and reveal potential inequities thereof. Here, we apply machine learning techniques to analyze 20 tropical cyclones and predict county-level outage duration and percentage of customers losing power using a comprehensive set of weather, environmental, and socio-economic factors. Our models are able to accurately predict these outage response variables, but after controlling for the effects of weather conditions and environmental factors in the models, we find the effects of socio-economic variables to be largely immaterial. However, county-level data could be overlooking effects of socio-economic disparities taking place at more granular spatial scales, and we must remain aware of the fact that when faced with similar outage events, socio-economically vulnerable communities will still find it more difficult to cope with disruptions compared to less vulnerable ones.
Why does a decrease in cloud amount increase terrestrial evapotranspiration in a monsoon transition zone?
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Yue Ping , Wu Xianghua , Li Junjun , Shao Naifu , Zhu Bin , Lu Chunsong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Terrestrial evapotranspiration plays a critical role in drought monitoring and water resource management. Changes in evapotranspiration are significantly influenced by cloud-related precipitation and radiation effects. However, the impact of cloud amount (CA) on evapotranspiration through its influence on precipitation remains uncertain, especially in the transition zone affected by the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), which limits the understanding of the water cycle. Therefore, this study deeply explores the impact of CA on evapotranspiration and its potential physical mechanisms in Northwest China. The results show that the correlation between 31-year average evapotranspiration and CA is negative only in the semi-arid region and is positive in other climatic regions of Northwest China. This unique negative correlation is related to the change of precipitation pattern in the semi-arid region caused by the weak EASM. Smaller CA in weak monsoons results in more short-wave radiation reaching the surface, larger sensible heat, and weaker convective inhibition. Consequently, the proportion of convective clouds (CCs) increases and precipitation from these CCs enhances evapotranspiration. Less CA increases evapotranspiration and potentially exacerbates aridity in the semi-arid region of Northwest China. These results emphasize the role of cloud type in evapotranspiration. It is well known that global warming can change cloud type with more CCs. Therefore, this study sheds new light on evapotranspiration change under global warming.
Thermodynamic uncertainty relations in the presence of non-linear friction and memory
Authors: Plati A , Puglisi A , Sarracino A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A new thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) is derived for systems described by linearly coupled Langevin equations in the presence of non-linear frictional forces. In our scheme, the main variable represents the velocity of a particle, while the other coupled variables describe memory effects which may arise from strongly correlated degrees of freedom with several time-scales and, in general, are associated with thermal baths at different temperatures. The new TUR gives a lower bound for the mean-squared displacement of the position of the particle, including its asymptotic diffusion coefficient. This bound, in several examples worked out here, appears to be a good analytical estimate of the real diffusion coefficient. The new TUR can be also applied in the absence of any external force (with or without thermal equilibrium between the baths), a case which usually goes beyond the scope of original TURs. We show applications to non-linear frictional models with memory, such as the Coulomb and the Prandtl-Tomlinson models, usually representative of friction at the nano-scale and within atomic-force microscopy experiments.