bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It's like an epidemic, we don't know what to do”: The perceived need for and benefits of a suicide prevention programme in UK schools
Authors: Ashworth Emma , Thompson Joniece , Saini Pooja 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite emerging evidence for the effectiveness of school‐based suicide prevention programmes worldwide, there are few being implemented in the United Kingdom, and their social validity (i.e., the feasibility, acceptability, and utility) is not yet known.AimsWe aimed to conduct a scoping study to determine: (1) the social validity and potential benefits of school‐based suicide prevention interventions, (2) the perceived need for such interventions, and (3) barriers and facilitators to implementation.Sample and MethodsA total of 46 participants took part. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with mental health professionals (N = 8), school staff (N = 8), and parents whose children had experienced suicidal ideation/behaviours (N = 3) in England. Focus groups were also completed with children and young people (N = 27) aged 15–18 across three state secondary schools. Data were analysed using thematic framework analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified: (1) the need for and importance of suicide prevention in children and young people, (2) schools as a setting for delivery, and (3) key components of suicide prevention programmes.ConclusionsParticipants overwhelmingly agreed that there is a need for a greater and more consistent emphasis on school‐based suicide prevention. School appears to be an acceptable location for suicide prevention, and participants felt discussions about suicide should begin at the start of secondary school. However, there are potential barriers that need to be considered, including tailoring for neurodiversity, challenging cultural/family beliefs and stigma, managing personal experiences of suicidal thoughts or previous bereavement from suicide, and a lack of existing training for school staff.
Activation of STING signaling aggravates chronic alcohol exposure‐induced cognitive impairment by increasing neuroinflammation and mitochondrial apoptosis
Authors: Lin Xinrou , Li Xiangpen , Li Chenguang , Wang Hongxuan , Zou Lubin , Pan Jingrui , Zhang Xiaoni , He Lei , Rong Xiaoming , Peng Ying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsChronic alcohol exposure leads to persistent neurological disorders, which are mainly attributed to neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) is essential in the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway and is involved in inflammation and cellular death processes. This study was to examine the expression pattern and biological functions of STING signaling in alcohol use disorder (AUD).MethodsCell‐free DNA was extracted from human and mouse plasma. C57BL/6J mice were given alcohol by gavage for 28 days, and behavior tests were used to determine their mood and cognition. Cultured cells were treated with ethanol for 24 hours. The STING agonist DMXAA, STING inhibitor C‐176, and STING‐siRNA were used to intervene the STING. qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess STING signaling, inflammation, and apoptosis.ResultsCirculating cell‐free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was increased in individuals with AUD and mice chronically exposed to alcohol. Upregulation of STING signaling under alcohol exposure led to inflammatory responses in BV2 cells and mitochondrial apoptosis in PC12 cells. DMXAA exacerbated alcohol‐induced cognitive impairment and increased the activation of microglia, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), while C‐176 exerted neuroprotection.ConclusionActivation of STING signaling played an essential role in alcohol‐induced inflammation and mitochondrial apoptosis in the mPFC. This study identifies STING as a promising therapeutic target for AUD.
Challenges and opportunities in human dimensions behind cat–wildlife conflict
Authors: Fu Changjian , Wang Fang , Zhao Yumeng , Zhu Qin , Luo Yunchao , Li Yuhang , Zhang Ziye , Yan Xueting , Sun Taozhu , Liu Yang , Li Zhongqiu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBecause global anthropogenic activities cause vast biodiversity loss, human dimensions research is essential to forming management plans applicable to biodiversity conservation outside wilderness areas. Engaging public participation is crucial in this context to achieve social and environmental benefits. However, knowledge gaps remain in understanding how a balance between conservation and public demands can be reached and how complicated sociocultural contexts in the Anthropocene can be incorporated in conservation planning. We examined China's nationwide conflict between free‐ranging cats (owned cats that are allowed to go outdoors or homeless cats living outdoors) and wildlife to examine how a consensus between compassion and biodiversity conservation can help in decision‐making. We surveyed a random sample of people in China online. Over 9000 questionnaires were completed (44.2% response). In aggregate, respondents reported approximately 29 million free‐ranging owned cats and that over 5 million domestic cats per year become feral in mainland China. Respondents who were cat owners, female, and religious were more likely to deny the negative impacts of cats on wildlife and ongoing management strategies and more supportive of stray cat shelters, adoption, and community‐based fund raising than nonowners, male, and nonreligious respondents (p < 0.05). Free‐ranging cat ownership and abandonment occurred less with owners with more knowledge of biodiversity and invasive species than with respondents with less knowledge of these subjects (p < 0.05). We recommend that cat enthusiasts and wildlife conservationists participate in community‐based initiatives, such as campaigns to keep cats indoors. Our study provides a substantially useful framework for other regions where free‐ranging cats are undergoing rapid expansion.
The power of citizen science to advance fungal conservation
Authors: Haelewaters Danny , Quandt C. Alisha , Bartrop Lachlan , Cazabonne Jonathan , Crockatt Martha E. , Cunha Susana P. , De Lange Ruben , Dominici Laura , Douglas Brian , Drechsler‐Santos Elisandro Ricardo , Heilmann‐Clausen Jacob , Irga Peter J. , Jakob Sigrid , Lofgren Lotus , Martin Thomas E. , Muchane Mary Nyawira , Stallman Jeffery K. , Verbeken Annemieke , Walker Allison K. , Gonçalves Susana C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFungal conservation is gaining momentum globally, but many challenges remain. To advance further, more data are needed on fungal diversity across space and time. Fundamental information regarding population sizes, trends, and geographic ranges is also critical to accurately assess the extinction risk of individual species. However, obtaining these data is particularly difficult for fungi due to their immense diversity, complex and problematic taxonomy, and cryptic nature. This paper explores how citizen science (CS) projects can be leveraged to advance fungal conservation efforts. We present several examples of past and ongoing CS‐based projects to record and monitor fungal diversity. These include projects that are part of broad collecting schemes, those that provide participants with targeted sampling methods, and those whereby participants collect environmental samples from which fungi can be obtained. We also examine challenges and solutions for how such projects can capture fungal diversity, estimate species absences, broaden participation, improve data curation, and translate resulting data into actionable conservation measures. Finally, we close the paper with a call for professional mycologists to engage with amateurs and local communities, presenting a framework to determine whether a given project would likely benefit from participation by citizen scientists.
Could poor glycaemic control be a predictor of walking speed decline in older adults? Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Luiz Mariane M. , Máximo Roberta de O. , de Oliveira Dayane C. , Ramírez Paula C. , de Souza Aline F. , Delinocente Maicon L. B. , Cochar‐Soares Natália , Steptoe Andrew , de Oliveira Cesar , Alexandre Tiago da S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimAlthough diabetes is a risk factor for walking speed decline in older adults, it remains unclear how glycaemic control [assessed by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)] might affect the long‐term trajectories of walking speed. We investigated whether the glycaemic control status accelerates the walking speed decline and whether this decline differs depending on previous mobility conditions.Materials and MethodsIn total, 3202 individuals aged ≥60 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) were classified at baseline and after 4 and 8 years of follow‐up according to glycaemic control status as ‘without diabetes’ (no self‐reported diabetes and HbA1c <6.5%), ‘good glycaemic control’ (self‐reported diabetes and HbA1c ≥6.5% and <7.0%) and ‘poor glycaemic control’ (PGC) (self‐reported diabetes and HbA1c ≥7.0%). The generalized linear mixed models verified the walking speed trajectories in m/s. A second analysis was performed, including only participants without slowness at baseline (>0.8 m/s).ResultsCompared with the status ‘without diabetes’, the annual walking speed decline was −0.015 m/s for PGC and −0.011 m/s for good glycaemic control, totalling −0.160 and −0.130 m/s, respectively, over 8 years. Among those without slowness at baseline, only PGC had a significant walking speed decline, corresponding to −0.014 m/s per year and −0.222 m/s over 8 years.ConclusionsPoor glycaemic control is a discriminator of walking speed decline in older adults, regardless of previous mobility conditions. It may serve as an early screening tool for those at risk of decreased functional performance later in life.
Amitriptyline effectiveness in burning mouth syndrome: An in‐depth case series analysis
Authors: Gonçalves Douglas Rodrigues , Botelho Leonardo Monteiro , Carrard Vinícius Coelho , Martins Marco Antônio Trevizani , Visioli Fernanda 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of amitriptyline (AMT), and to identify the determinants of the treatment's effectiveness in patients diagnosed with burning mouth syndrome (BMS).BackgroundTreatment of BMS is challenging and no established treatment protocol is available. AMT may be an important treatment option, cout not all patients benefit from this drug. Studies assessing factors related to treatment response are valuable in improving decision‐making.Materials and MethodsThis case series study examined the medical records of all patients diagnosed with BMS at an oral medicine unit in a university hospital from 2008 to 2022. The patients were divided into responders to AMT and non‐responders to AMT. Data on demographic information, comorbidities, medications, types of symptoms and oral subsites affected were collected. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted to assess the association between the independent variables and the outcome, using the Chi‐squared test (P < .05).ResultsThree hundred and fourty‐nine patients reported a burning mouth sensation, 50 of them (14.3%) being diagnosed with primary BMS. Of these, 35 were treated with AMT, and 26 (74.2%) responded significantly to AMT. All males responded to AMT, whereas only 67.9% of females responded. The mean dose of AMT among responders was 29.8 ± 12.3 mg, with most patients achieving a response with 25 mg (61.5% of patients), followed by 50 mg (23%). The concomitant use of an anticonvulsant resulted in non‐response.ConclusionsAMT may be effective in BMS management for most patients.
Developing and testing a reflection method for implementation of the informal care guideline in community nursing: Design‐based research
Authors: Vullings Nicole , Maas Marjo , Adriaansen Marian , Vermeulen Hester , van der Wees Philip , Heinen Maud 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo develop a reflection method for community nurses and certified nursing assistants to support the implementation of the Dutch Informal Care guideline in daily care.DesignDesign‐based research.MethodsA design group and four test groups of community nurses and nursing assistants were formed to develop a reflection method that aligns with the needs and preferences of its end‐users. The design and test group meetings were video recorded. The video data were iteratively discussed and analysed thematically to adapt and refine the method and to identify its key features.ResultsA final reflection method was developed. Five main themes were identified from the analysis: the group, reflective triggers, knowledge about the guidelines, the coach and preconditions. The themes are linked to nine key features representing the building blocks of the reflection method. The key features are group size, participants with different (educational) backgrounds, pairs of participants, expressing thoughts, video feedback, reflection game, making the connection with the guideline, coaching as a process facilitator and meeting organizational and contextual conditions for implementation.ConclusionAn evidence‐ and practice‐based reflection method for community nurses and certified nursing assistants is developed to support the implementation. By involving community nurses and certified nursing assistants, the method closely matches their needs and preferences. Critical elements of the reflection method are a game element, video feedback and working in pairs in a group of participants from different (educational) backgrounds. Guidance is needed to make the transfer from theory to practice.ImpactA reflection method for community nurses and certified nursing assistants was developed to enhance care work according to guideline recommendations, aiming to improve the care provided by informal caregivers.Report MethodThe COREQ guideline was used.Patient or Public ContributionThis reflection method was developed in close collaboration with all stakeholders during the entire study.
Accessory pathway localization with probabilistic density maps generated by a mobile application: Assessment of a full pre‐excitation net‐vector method
Authors: Jastrzębski Marek , Fijorek Kamil , Futyma Piotr , Orczykowski Michał , Pitak Maciej , Zarębski Łukasz , Sajdak Piotr , Góreczny Sebastian , Szumowski Łukasz , Rajzer Marek , Moskal Paweł 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrecise electrocardiographic localization of accessory pathways (AP) can be challenging. Seminal AP localization studies were limited by complexity of algorithms and sample size. We aimed to create a nonalgorithmic method for AP localization based on color‐coded maps of AP distribution generated by a web‐based application.MethodsAPs were categorized into 19 regions/types based on invasive electrophysiologic mapping. Preexcited QRS complexes were categorized into 6 types based on polarity and notch/slur. For each QRS type in each lead the distribution of APs was visualized on a gradient map. The principle of common set was used to combine the single lead maps to create the distribution map for AP with any combination of QRS types in several leads. For the validation phase, a separate cohort of APs was obtained.ResultsA total of 800 patients with overt APs were studied. The application used the exploratory data set of 553 consecutive APs and the corresponding QRS complexes to generate AP localization maps for any possible combination of QRS types in 12 leads. Optimized approach (on average 3 steps) for evaluation of preexcited electrcardiogram was developed. The area of maximum probability of AP localization was pinpointed by providing the QRS type for the subsequent leads. The exploratory data set was validated with the separate cohort of APs (n = 256); p = .23 for difference in AP distribution.ConclusionsIn the largest data set of APs to‐date, a novel probabilistic and semi‐automatic approach to electrocardiographic localization of APs was highly predictive for anatomic localization.
The European Union's Place in United States–China Strategic Competition: How Role Dynamics Drive Brussels Towards Washington
Authors: Biba Sebastian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of intensifying United States–China strategic competition, the European Union (EU) has recently changed course and moved closer to mirroring US rhetoric and action on China. Why has this happened, and how can it be best explained? In this article, it is argued that current role dynamics between the EU and the two rival great powers can help us understand the growing, albeit not full, EU–United States alignment on China. Role theory assumes that co‐operation between actors intensifies when their roles become more compatible. Accordingly, it is shown that the EU has recently adjusted its role to be more closely aligned with the United States' position. That is to say, the EU has reshaped its own role conception, whilst the bloc has likewise become more open to meeting US role expectations after EU–United States role‐playing turned positive once again under President Joe Biden.
Dual effects of TGF‐β inhibitor in ALS ‐ inhibit contracture and neurodegeneration
Authors: Lee Do‐Yeon , Kwon Young Nam , Lee Kwangkook , Kim Sang Jeong , Sung Jung‐Joon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs persistent elevation of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) promotes fibrosis of muscles and joints and accelerates disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we investigated whether inhibition of TGF‐β would be effective against both exacerbations. The effects of TGF‐β and its inhibitor on myoblasts and fibroblasts were tested in vitro and confirmed in vivo, and the dual action of a TGF‐β inhibitor in ameliorating the pathogenic role of TGF‐β in ALS mice was identified. In the peripheral neuromuscular system, fibrosis in the muscles and joint cavities induced by excessive TGF‐β causes joint contracture and muscular degeneration, which leads to motor dysfunction. In an ALS mouse model, an increase in TGF‐β in the central nervous system (CNS), consistent with astrocyte activity, was associated with M1 microglial activity and pro‐inflammatory conditions, as well as with neuronal cell death. Treatment with the TGF‐β inhibitor halofuginone could prevent musculoskeletal fibrosis, resulting in the alleviation of joint contracture and delay of motor deterioration in ALS mice. Halofuginone could also reduce glial cell‐induced neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. These dual therapeutic effects on both the neuromuscular system and the CNS were observed from the beginning to the end stages of ALS; as a result, treatment with a TGF‐β inhibitor from the early stage of disease delayed the time of symptom exacerbation in ALS mice, which led to prolonged survival.image
A novel hybrid BonT‐A and hyaluronic acid cannula‐based technique for eyelid ptosis and periorbital rejuvenation
Authors: Hernández Luis Alberto Parra , Hernández Andrea Marcela Parra , Castelanich Desiree , Shitara Daniella , Chacín Maricarmen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundEyelid ptosis is characterized by an inferior displacement of the upper eyelid when the eye assumes its primary position. Besides its aesthetic implications, ptosis can also adversely affect visual acuity.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous administration of IncobotulinumtoxinA (IncoBonTA) and hyaluronic acid effect in eyelid ptosis and ocular rejuvenation.MethodsA novel, non‐surgical technique for eyelid ptosis management involving IncoBonTA and hyaluronic acid the co‐administration within a single syringe, and applied using a cannula.ResultsThe dual action of IncoBonTA and hyaluronic acid in conjunction with the exact injection sites approaches improves overall aesthetic outcomes but also optimizes the restoration of eyelid functionality in palpebral ptosis.ConclusionsThe functional balance achieved among the contributory muscles—primarily the orbicularis oculi (OO) and its antagonists, the frontal muscle and levator palpebrae superioris (LPS), yields to both, cosmetic and functional.
‘We can't help you – it doesn't concern us’: the legal consciousness of young people seeking asylum in Sweden who report violent crime
Authors: SCOTT HANNA 
Published: March 2024

AbstractYoung people seeking asylum face many different forms of violence, including violent crime, yet their illegalization, as well as their experiences of police contact and border violence, often lead to reporting of crime not being perceived as a safe or viable option. But what are the experiences of those who, in spite of their fears, do attempt to engage with law by reporting crime? Drawing on in‐depth interviews with Omid, Hussein, and Akram – three young men who have sought refuge in Sweden – this article examines their attempts to mobilize law as victims of crime at the intersection of restrictive migration controls and welfare exclusions. I argue that the legal consciousness of young people in this situation is shaped by the same legal structures that create the underlying conditions for their victimization as well as by other people's perceptions of how law operates in relation to their legal status. Relationships of trust, friendship, and support can aid engagement with the criminal justice system, yet such engagement often results in re‐victimization instead of protection and a lack of meaningful remedies, reinforcing feelings of disenchantment with law.
Evaluation of submandibular and parotid salivary glands by ultrasonography in patients with diabetes
Authors: Ozturk Elif Meltem Aslan , Yalcin Eda Didem 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMicrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) include oral manifestations and complications, including xerostomia, reduced salivary flow, susceptibility to infection, periodontal disease and salivary gland enlargement.ObjectiveThe present study aims to evaluate B‐mode ultrasonography (USG) parameters such as size, volume and echogenicity of the submandibular and parotid salivary glands on both sides, shear‐wave elastography (SWE) value and colour Doppler properties in patients with DM and healthy control groups.MethodsIn total, 160 right and left submandibular glands and 160 right and left parotid glands of 80 patients, 40 patients (20 type 1 DM, 20 type 2 DM) and 40 healthy control group, between the ages of 18–70 were examined by USG. Echogenicity, parenchyma internal structure, margin and dimensional measurements (antero‐posterior length, supero‐inferior length, medio‐lateral length and volume) and colour Doppler with ‘ML 6‐15‐D Matrix Array (4‐15 MHz)’ probe, shear‐wave elastography ‘9L‐D (2–8 MHz)’ probe was investigated.ResultStatistically significant difference was observed in echogenicity in the right submandibular gland, echogenicity in the right parotid gland, margin characteristics, parenchymal homogeneity and colour Doppler characteristics between the type 1 DM, type 2 DM and control groups (p < .05). It was observed that the size, volume and SWE values of both submandibular and parotid glands were higher in the DM patient group than in the control group. Higher values were observed in type 2 DM compared to type 1 DM in the patient group.ConclusionUSG is an effective imaging technique in investigating the effects of diabetes on the submandibular and parotid salivary glands.