bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Alleviates Secondary Brain Damage and Improves Working Memory After Stroke in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Jiang Zimu , Wei Jiating , Liang Jiahui , Huang Weixian , Ouyang Fubing , Chen Chunyong , Li Pingping , Cao Suhan , Cai Yuangui , Li Jianle , Huang Baozi , Zeng Jinsheng , Chen Yicong 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Remote secondary neurodegeneration is associated with poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) improves PSCI clinically. However, whether it ameliorates PSCI by alleviating secondary neurodegeneration remains uncertain. Nonhuman primates provide more relevant models than rodents for human stroke and PSCI. This study investigated the effects of NBP on PSCI and secondary neurodegeneration in cynomolgus monkeys after permanent left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

METHODS:
Thirteen adult male cynomolgus monkeys were randomly assigned to sham (n=4), MCAO+placebo (n=5), and MCAO+NBP groups (n=4). The MCAO+placebo and MCAO+NBP groups received saline and NBP injections intravenously, respectively, starting at 6-hour postsurgery for 2 weeks, followed by soybean oil and NBP orally, respectively, for 10 weeks after MCAO. Infarct size was assessed at week 4 by magnetic resonance imaging. Working memory and executive function were evaluated dynamically using the delayed response task and object retrieval detour task, respectively. Neuron loss, glia proliferation, and neuroinflammation in the ipsilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus were analyzed by immunostaining 12 weeks after MCAO.

RESULTS:

Infarcts were located in the left middle cerebral artery region, apart from the ipsilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, thalamus, or hippocampus, with no significant difference between the MCAO+placebo and MCAO+NBP group. Higher success in delayed response task was achieved at weeks 4, 8, and 12 after NBP compared with placebo treatments (
P
<0.05), but not in the object retrieval detour task (all
P
>0.05). More neurons and less microglia, astrocytes, CD68-positive microglia, tumor necrosis factor-α, and inducible NO synthase were observed in the ipsilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus after 12 weeks of NBP treatment (
P
<0.05), but not in the hippocampus (
P
>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings indicate that NBP improves working memory by alleviating remote secondary neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the ipsilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus after MCAO in cynomolgus monkeys.
Impact of Sex on Thrombectomy Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke: A Propensity Score‐Matched Study, Systematic Review, and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Romoli Michele , Banerjee Soma , Cordici Francesco , Lobotesis Kyriakos , Longoni Marco , Lafe Elvis , Casetta Ilaria , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Palaiodimou Lina , Zini Andrea , Ruggiero Maria , Nguyen Thanh N. , Tsivgoulis Georgios , D'Anna Lucio 
Published: February 2024

Background
Women are underrepresented in stroke thrombectomy trials, and the impact of sex differences in outcomes after stroke thrombectomy is unclear. We performed a multicenter propensity matching study to define sex‐related differences in outcome after endovascular thrombectomy and integrated results in a meta‐analysis.

Methods
We included patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion consecutively treated with thrombectomy at 2 Comprehensive Stroke Centres (2016–2023). Selection criteria reflected international guidelines. Through systematic review we selected all studies reporting endovascular thrombectomy outcomes in anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke, applying propensity score matching. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched up to August 15, 2023 according to predefined protocol (OSF.io/je3da). Data were extracted by 2 independent raters, pooled estimates calculated according to random‐effect modeling meta‐analysis and reported as odds ratio (OR) and standard 95% CI. Outcomes were good functional outcome, defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0–2 at 90 days after stroke, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, adjudicated according to European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II criteria.

Results
After matching, 698 patients (349 women versus 349 men) had similar cardiovascular risk factors, baseline features, and treatment approach. No significant differences were found for good functional outcome (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.66–1.2) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.44–2.26) in the cohort study by sex. Systematic review identified 3 studies (n = 3706), all of high quality. No differences emerged in rates of good functional outcome (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.79–1.21) or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.60–1.19) depending on sex.

Conclusion
Women receiving endovascular thrombectomy for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion related stroke have similar rates of good functional outcome and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage compared to men.
Blood Pressure Management Following Endovascular Stroke Treatment: A Feasibility Trial and Meta‐Analysis of Outcomes
Authors: Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Catanese Luciana , Sahlas Demetrios J. , Srivastava Abhilek , Veroniki Areti‐Angeliki , Perera Kanjana , Ng Kelvin K. H. , Joundi Raed , Van Adel Brian , Larrazabal Ramiro , Hawkes Christine , Deshmukh Aviraj , Ratnayake Kanchana , Palaiodimou Lina , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Benavente Oscar , Hart Robert , Sharma Mukul , Shoamanesh Ashkan 
Published: February 2024

Background
Although postprocedure blood pressure (BP) correlates with outcome in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), the optimal target is unknown.

Methods
We performed a pilot randomized‐controlled clinical trial enrolling participants with persistently elevated BP after successful EVT. Participants were randomized within 1 hour from the end of EVT to either intensive (systolic BP target <140 mmHg) or standard BP target (systolic BP <180 mmHg) for 48 hours. The main end point was feasibility, which was assessed with the enrollment rate and adherence to allocated BP target. Exploratory end points included neurologic deterioration, functional improvement, intracranial hemorrhage, and flow dynamics detected by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. We included the outcomes of our trial in an aggregate data meta‐analysis of randomized‐controlled clinical trials evaluating the utility of BP control after successful EVT. The primary outcome of the meta‐analysis was 3‐month good functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2.

Results

Between October 23, 2020, and February 4, 2023, 221 patients were screened and 30 were randomized (14%; average recruitment of 1.2 participants/month). Participants in the intensive BP arm had a mean±SD systolic BP of 131±18 mm Hg over 48 hours (75% of the readings were <140 mm Hg), whereas participants in the standard BP arm had a mean±SD 48‐hour systolic BP of 139±18 mm Hg (48% of the readings were between 140 and 180 mm Hg). No differences between the 2 groups were documented in any of the predefined exploratory end points. In a meta‐analysis of 5 randomized‐controlled clinical trials involving 1558 participants, intensive BP control was associated with lower probability for 3‐month good functional outcome (odds ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.53–0.82]; I
2
= 8%) when compared with standard BP control.

Conclusions
The natural course of BP normalization following successful recanalization poses challenges to the conduct and success of randomized‐controlled clinical trials evaluating different BP thresholds after EVT. Meta‐analysis of existing trials suggests harm associated with active BP lowering.
Anthropogenic Influences on Extremely Persistent Seasonal Precipitation in Southern China during May–June 2022
Authors: Sheng Bosi , Dong Buwen , Wang Haolin , Zhang Mingming , Lin Shuheng , Si Peng , Lott Fraser C. , Li Qingxiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Precipitation in southern China during April–June 2022 was the highest since 1961. Anthropogenic forcing has reduced the probability of 2022-like Rx30day precipitation by about 45% based on CMIP6 simulations.
A Parameterization Scheme Accounting for Nonhydrostatic Effects on the Momentum Flux of Vertically Propagating Orographic Gravity Waves: Formulas and Preliminary Tests in the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS)
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhang Rongrong , Teixeira Miguel A. C. , van Niekerk Annelize , Xue Ming , Lu Yixiong , Xue Haile , Li Runqiu , Wang Yuan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The momentum transport by orographic gravity waves (OGWs) plays an important role in driving the large-scale circulation throughout the atmosphere and is subject to parameterization in numerical models. Current parameterization schemes, which were originally developed for coarse-resolution models, commonly assume that unresolved OGWs are hydrostatic. With the increase in the horizontal resolution of state-of-the-art numerical models, unresolved OGWs are of smaller horizontal scale and more influenced by nonhydrostatic effects (NHE), thus challenging use of the hydrostatic assumption. Based on the analytical formulas for nonhydrostatic OGWs derived in our recent study, the orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) parameterization scheme in the Model for Prediction Across Scales is revised by accounting for NHE. Global simulations with 30-km horizontal resolution are conducted to investigate NHE on the momentum transport of OGWs and their impacts on the large-scale circulation in boreal winter. NHE are evident in regions of complex terrain such as the Tibetan Plateau, Rocky Mountains, southern Andes, and eastern Antarctica. The parameterized surface wave momentum flux can be either reduced or enhanced depending on the relative importance of NHE and model physics–dynamics interactions. The NHE corrections to the OGWD scheme significantly reduce the easterly biases in the polar stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere, due to both weakened OGWD in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and suppressed upward propagation of resolved waves into the stratosphere. However, the revised OGWD scheme only has a weak influence on the large-scale circulation in the Southern Hemisphere during boreal winter.
2022 CEOS International Thermal Infrared Radiometer Comparison. Part I: Laboratory Comparison of Radiometers and Blackbodies
Authors: Yamada Yoshiro , Harris Subrena , Hayes Michael , Simpson Rob , Wimmer Werenfrid , Holmes Raymond , Nightingale Tim , Lee Arrow , Jepsen Nis , Morgan Nicole , Göttsche Frank-M. , Niclòs Raquel , Perelló Martín , Donlon Craig , Fox Nigel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An international comparison of field deployed radiometers for sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) retrieval was conducted in June 2022. The campaign comprised a laboratory comparison and a field comparison. In the laboratory part, the radiometers were compared with reference standard blackbodies, while the same was done with the blackbodies used for the calibration of the radiometers against a transfer standard radiometer. Reference values were provided by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), traceable to the primary standard on the International Temperature Scale of 1990. This was followed by the field comparison at a seaside pier on the south coast of England, where the radiometers were compared against each other while viewing the closely adjacent surface of the sea. This paper reports the results of the laboratory comparison of radiometers and blackbodies. For the blackbody comparison, the brightness temperature of the blackbody reported by the participants agreed with the reference value measured by the NPL transfer standard radiometer within the uncertainties for all temperatures and for all blackbodies. For the radiometer comparison, the temperature range of most interest from the SSTskin retrieval point of view is 10°–30°C, and in this temperature range, and up to the maximum comparison temperature of 50°C, all participants’ reported results were in agreement with the reference. On the other hand, below 0°C the reported values showed divergence from the reference and the differences exceeded the uncertainties. The divergence shows there is room for improvement in uncertainty estimation at lower temperatures, although it will have limited implication in the SSTskin retrieval.
On the Sensitivity of Large-Eddy Simulations of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Coupled with Realistic Large-Scale Dynamics
Authors: Giani Paolo , Crippa Paola 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present a new ensemble of 36 numerical experiments aimed at comprehensively gauging the sensitivity of nested large-eddy simulations (LES) driven by large-scale dynamics. Specifically, we explore 36 multiscale configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to simulate the boundary layer flow over the complex topography at the Perdigão field site, with five nested domains discretized at horizontal resolutions ranging from 11.25 km to 30 m. Each ensemble member has a unique combination of the following input factors: (i) large-scale initial and boundary conditions, (ii) subgrid turbulence modeling in the gray zone of turbulence, (iii) subgrid-scale (SGS) models in LES, and (iv) topography and land-cover datasets. We probe their relative importance for LES calculations of velocity, temperature, and moisture fields. Variance decomposition analysis unravels large sensitivities to topography and land-use datasets and very weak sensitivity to the LES SGS model. Discrepancies within ensemble members can be as large as 2.5 m s−1 for the time-averaged near-surface wind speed on the ridge and as large as 10 m s−1 without time averaging. At specific time points, a large fraction of this sensitivity can be explained by the different turbulence models in the gray zone domains. We implement a horizontal momentum and moisture budget routine in WRF to further elucidate the mechanisms behind the observed sensitivity, paving the way for an increased understanding of the tangible effects of the gray zone of turbulence problem.

Significance Statement
Several science and engineering applications, including wind turbine siting and operations, weather prediction, and downscaling of climate projections, call for high-resolution numerical simulations of the lowest part of the atmosphere. Recent studies have highlighted that such high-resolution simulations, coupled with large-scale models, are challenging and require several important assumptions. With a new set of numerical experiments, we evaluate and compare the significance of different assumptions and outstanding challenges in multiscale modeling (i.e., coupling large-scale models and high-resolution atmospheric simulations). The ultimate goal of this analysis is to put each individual assumption into the wider perspective of a realistic problem and quantify its relative importance compared to other important modeling choices.
Who Is Affected by Saharan Dust in the Caribbean? A Spatial Analysis and Citizen’s Perspective from Puerto Rico during the Godzilla Dust Event in June 2020
Authors: Morales-Medina Maité , Ortíz-Martínez Ana P. , Pérez-Cardona Cynthia M. , Rueda-Roa Digna , Otis Daniel , Pérez-Matías Edgar , Muller-Karger Frank , Mayol-Bracero Olga , Méndez-Lázaro Pablo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An extreme Saharan dust storm (named Godzilla) arrived at the Caribbean region in June 2020, deteriorating the air quality to hazardous levels and unhealthy conditions for sensitive groups of people. Our main objective was to characterize populations at risk for Saharan dust by analyzing distribution and levels of dust events in Puerto Rico, and by conducting an online survey to assess community perceptions on Saharan dust health effects. Three daily satellite aerosols products from 2013 to 2020 were retrieved from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite over Puerto Rico to better understand the patterns, frequency, and seasonality of aerosols. The atmospheric results indicated that extreme values (>99th) of big size aerosols (e.g., Sahara dust) were observed over Puerto Rico on 22 June 2020. A total of 1504 qualified people participated in the survey during the summer of 2020, and it was analyzed with descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and chi-square tests. 51% of the survey participants were on the age group of 25–44 years old, and 65% of the participants had at least one preexisting health condition (respiratory diseases 27%; cardiovascular diseases 28%). Nearly 90% of the participants indicated that Saharan dust affected the health status of both the respondents and their family members. Irritation of eyes (22%), nose (24%), and throat (23%), as well as breathing difficulties (10%), were the most common symptoms reported. Understanding patients’ health profiles associated with Saharan dust is essential before developing public health strategies to minimize exacerbation of health conditions in Puerto Rico.
The Effect of Acute Knee Injuries and Related Knee Surgery on Serum Levels of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Lipid Mediators and Their Associations With Knee Symptoms
Authors: Turnbull James , Jha Rakesh R. , Barrett David A. , Valdes Ana M. , Alderson Jennifer , Williams Andrew , Vincent Tonia L. , Watt Fiona E. , Chapman Victoria 
Published: February 2024

Background: Despite an acute knee injury being a major risk factor for osteoarthritis, the factors that initiate and maintain this risk of longer-term knee symptoms are poorly understood. Bioactive lipids derived from omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids have key roles in the regulation of the inflammatory response and have been linked to joint damage and osteoarthritis pain in translational models. Hypothesis: There would be associations between systemic levels of bioactive lipids and knee symptoms longitudinally after an acute knee injury and related knee surgery. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: This study analyzed a subset of young, active adults who had sustained an acute knee injury (recruited via a surgical care pathway) and healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Surgery, if performed, was conducted after the baseline serum sample was taken and before the 3-month and 2-year visits. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry of 41 bioactive lipids was carried out in sera of (1) 47 injured participants (median age, 28 years) collected at baseline (median, 24 days after injury), 3 months, and 2 years, along with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and (2) age- and sex-matched controls. Results: Levels of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid ( P≤ .0001) and docosahexaenoic acid ( P≤ .0001) and the pro-resolving lipid mediators 17– and 14–hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, and 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid were all significantly greater at baseline in injured participants compared with the later time points and also higher than in healthy controls ( P = .0019 and P≤ .0001, respectively). Levels of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins E2 and D2, leukotriene B4, and thromboxane B2 were significantly lower at baseline compared with the later time points. Higher levels of 8,9–, 11,12–, and 14,15–dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET) were cross-sectionally associated with more severe knee pain/symptoms according to the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score at 2 years ( P = .0004, R2 = 0.251; P = .0002, R2 = 0.278; and P = .0012, R2 = 0.214, respectively). Conclusion: The profile of pro-resolving versus pro-inflammatory lipids at baseline suggests an initial activation of pro-resolution pathways, followed by the later activation of pro-inflammatory pathways. Clinical Relevance: In this largely surgically managed cohort, the association of soluble epoxide hydrolase metabolites, the DHETs, with more severe knee symptoms at 2 years provides a rationale for further investigation into the role of this pathway in persisting knee symptoms in this population, including potential therapeutic strategies.
Genetically predicted circulating interleukin-18 levels are associated with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus and type 1 diabetes
Authors: Qin Wei-Zi , Wang Xu-Fan , Leng Rui , Xu Wen-Jing , Wang Fei-Fei , Zhao Wei , Leng Rui-Xue 
Published: February 2024

Objective Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine. This study aims to determine whether there is a causal relationship between circulating IL-18 concentrations and the risk of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Methods We collected significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with circulating IL-18 levels ( p < 5 × 10−8) as instrumental variables (IVs) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 21,758 individuals of European descent. We mainly employed the inverse-variance weighed (IVW) method of two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis to estimate the causality of circulating IL-18 levels on inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Results The IVW method results showed evidence of a causal relationship between IL-18 and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (OR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.15, 1.50; p < .001) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) (OR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.06, 1.42; p = .007) in individuals of European ancestry. No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy for SLE and T1D was detected. The sensitivity analysis, which involved removing confounding SNP, produced similar results for SLE and T1D. The results of sensitivity analysis using leave-one-out method indicated no single SNP significantly influenced the analysis results. However, we did not find any significant findings for multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, asthma, and osteoarthritis. Conclusions Our analyses suggest that circulating IL-18 is significantly related to SLE and T1D and may serve as a potential target for the treatment of these diseases.
The Influence of Talar Displacement on Articular Contact Mechanics: A 3D Finite Element Analysis Study Using Weightbearing Computed Tomography
Authors: Peiffer Matthias , Lewis Lauren , Xie Katherine , Guild Theodore T. , Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil , Kwon John Y. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Talar displacement is considered the main predictive factor for poor outcomes and the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis after ankle fractures. Isolated lateral talar translation, as previously studied by Ramsey and Hamilton using carbon powder imprinting, does not fully replicate the multidirectional joint subluxations seen in ankle fractures. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of multiple uniplanar talar displacements on tibiotalar contact mechanics utilizing weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) and finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Nineteen subjects (mean age = 37.6 years) with no history of ankle surgery or injury having undergone WBCT arthrogram (n = 1) and WBCT without arthrogram (n = 18) were included. Segmentation of the WBCT images into 3D simulated models of bone and cartilage was performed. Three-dimensional (3D) multiple uniplanar talar displacements were simulated to investigate the respective influence of various uniaxial displacements (including lateral translation, anteroposterior translation, varus-valgus angulation, and external rotation) on the tibiotalar contact mechanics using FEA. Tibiotalar peak contact stress and contact area were modeled for each displacement and its gradations. Results: Our modeling demonstrated that peak contact stress of the talus and tibia increased, whereas contact area decreased, with incremental displacement in all tested directions. Contact stress maps of the talus and tibia were computed for each displacement demonstrating unique patterns of pressure derangement. One millimeter of lateral translation resulted in 14% increase of peak talar contact pressure and a 3% decrease in contact area. Conclusion: Our model predicted that with lateral talar translation, there is less noticeable change in tibiotalar contact area compared with prior studies whereas external rotation greater than 12 degrees had the largest effect on peak contact stress predictions. Level of Evidence: Level V, computational simulation study.