bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'Eglise Reformée de Belgique
Authors: Estruch J. 
Published: March 2007

The article gives the main results obtained in the course of a study con ducted on a small Belgian Protestant Church. The first section examines a series of characteristics of this church population in relation to the Belgian population at large: regional division, age-groups, levels of edu cation, and socio-professional environment. The hypothesis stating the non-Belgian character of this Protestantism is rejected. The second section deals with the analysis of more specific questions especially in relation to the Protestant or Catholic origin of the members of this Church: evolution of the rate of conversions, the problem of religious instruction, and more particularly, the personal appreciation of the people interviewed on their membership in the Reformed Church. Four groups are thus constituted: non-members of Catholic origin, non- members of Protestant origin, members of Catholic origin and members of Protestant origin, with a certain number of different intervening factors which attempt to explain the phenomena. Finally, it appears that one of the most serious problems actually posed for this minority Euro pean Protestantism is that of organizing parish life in accordance with the models inspired by traditional family imagery, which no longer seems to correspond to the social context in which these religious minorities are inserted.
Quatre enquêtes sur la signification de la vie religieuse parmi quatre groupes différents de religieux aux Pays-Bas
Authors: Stoop W. 
Published: March 2007

In this enquiry the author reports on four research studies carried out in four different groups of religious. A comparison of the four of them is difficult because of the instruments which were used : the scales and a precoded questionnaire are not the same. In fact, only seven common factors were studied by means of factor analysis : 1) the extent to which one perceives the individual or the formal structure of autho rity as the source of the structuralization of authority ; 2) the importance which one attaches to the satisfaction of desires, needs and personal aspirations ; 3) the fact of living religious life more inside or outside the group ; 4) the fact of living the specific spirit of the group to which one belongs ; 5) the evaluation of prayer life ; 6) the confidence which one has in the religious development of the Order or Congregation ; 7) the attitude and evaluation of mutual contacts. Only these factors are compared in the factor analysis, Some other aspects of the enquiries have been commented on briefly.
Dépossession et besoins à l'origine des groupes religieux
Authors: Nelson Geoffrey K. , Rousseau André 
Published: March 2007

This paper examines the theories of H. Richard Niebuhr and of Charles Glocn and Rodney Stark in which they attri bute the origin of religious groups to deprivation. It is argued that deprivation is an inadequate explanation for the origin and survival of religious groups and that a theory based on human needs is required. Religion may be seen, in certain circumstances, as a substitute activity in that it provides a vicarious substitute for the satisfaction of certain biological and social needs. When men are deprived of the natural, material or secular satis faction of these needs they may turn to religion. Because of increased opportunities for the satisfaction of biological and social needs there is less need for religion as a substitute activity in complex modern industrial societies, religion, however, survives because it provides for the satis faction of what may be termed specifically religious needs, namely the need for an interpretation and explanation of the psychic and mystical experiences of men.
Some Structural Problems of Urban Religion
Authors: Watts Hilstan Lett 
Published: March 2007

Dans cet article, l'auteur fait apparaître l'impact des forces socio-économiques sur la place des Eglises chrétiennes dans la métropole moderne. Les changements affectent aussi bien la vie ecclésiale interne que les rapports inter-confessionnels. L'extension urbaine et la spécialisation des secteurs sont un défi pour le modèle médiéval qui sous-tend l'organisation de l'Eglise et pour la division en paroisses et en communautés. Les coûts en capital et en hommes qu'entraîne l'adaptation à cette évolution plongent les Eglises dans une crise à laquelle l'Œcuménisme tente d'apporter un remède. Un champ nouveau de recherches s'ouvre avec ce phénomène.
De l'adhésion à un nouveau système religieux à la transformation d'un système de valeurs: étude d'une communauté rurale africaine
Authors: Brown Sheila 
Published: March 2007

An analysis of the relationship between changes in the value system characteristic of a rural environment and the adoption of a new religious system. This article is based upon research aimed at analysing the processes by which groups adopt religious systems which are not characteristic of their local culture. The study was carried out in a village in South Africa where Christian missionaries had been present since 1820. Three problems were investigated — have traditional values been modified; have new values appeared ; have traditional values been re-interpreted through Christianity ? The study took into account five indicators — economic values, authority, ethical norms, relationship with God and religious practice. Three age groups were studied : 15 years- 25 years ; 26 years - 49 years and 50 years and over. The evidence seems to show that the people have only loosely integrated the new Christian values ; the author also notes the presence of role conflicts as a sign of opposition between two value systems. In conclusion, it would appear that the milieu studied is in a state of transition ; Christianity has not yet changed traditional morals and the preponderant role of the family, but a more individual form of ethics and a more « moral » religion is developing.
The Priesthood in Sociological Theory
Authors: McSweeney Bill 
Published: March 2007

Depuis Max Weber, l'étude du sacerdoce par les sociologues a été menée dans une perspective théorique qui ne diffère guère de celle utilisée pour l'étude du pasteur. Ce qui revient à dire que le prêtre a été mis sur un pied d'égalité avec le ministre d'une église chrétienne non-sacerdotale et que les différences théologiques et historiques ont été vues comme sans pertinence au point de vue sociologique. Cet article traite des ouvrages consacrés au sacerdoce, en particulier les études analytiques de Wach, James et Stark, qui ont servi de référence dans d'innombrables recherches em piriques sur les prêtres et leurs problèmes et qui adoptent l'hypothèse de la bureaucratisation du sacerdoce. Plusieurs raisons sociologiques ont été suggérées pour ex pliquer pourquoi le point de vue de Weber sur le sacerdoce a été ignoré dans les études actuelles. L'intérêt de Weber pour le sacerdoce n'était qu'instrumental et secondaire en re gard de son intérêt principal qui était le changement social et économique. Dès lors, son attention s'est portée plus sur les aspects institutionnels que magiques du sacerdoce. Il a ainsi laissé aux sociologiques une idée du sacerdoce histori quement déformée et phénoménalement inadéquate. Pour remédier à cette lacune, une approche historique et phéno ménologique du problème du sacerdoce en tant que perception laïque du prêtre est nécessaire. A partir de ce nouveau point de départ qui différencie le prêtre et le pasteur on dispose d'une base théorique plus valable pour les sociologues et pour les réformateurs religieux.
Le mouvement pentecôtiste chilien et la politique
Authors: Tennekes Johannes , Jacques M. Fl. 
Published: March 2007

This article is an interpretation of the principal results of a survey conducted in 1971 and 1973, regarding the attitude of chilean Pentecostals towards the political life of their country. On the basis of this study it appears that during Allende's period there was a big difference in the political sympathies between the Pentecostal leaders — mainly oriented towards the right — and the mass of the Pentecostal faith ful — who in a large majority entertained sympathies for the left. In spite of this difference in political orientation, the leaders and the other Pentecostals joined in a common position of condemnation of active participation in the political struggle fought at that time, and in general they adopted an attitude of reserve in regard to anything concerning politics. This lign of conduct was not only caused by a concern about dissension in the ecclesial community, but it was also motivated by the idea that politics, as it existed before the coup of 1973, was morally reprehensible. If this background is taken into account, there should be not too much attention paid to the manifestations of support of the present system of government expressed by many Pentecostal leaders in the past few years. It is improbable that these manifestations reflect the feelings of the mass of the Pentecostal believers.
The politicization of the Ganaati festival
Authors: Michael S.M. 
Published: March 2007

L'auteur de cet article veut montrer comment la sensibilité religieuse du peuple indien a été utilisée en fonction de desseins politiques. Il propose d'abord une analyse de la situation socio-politique durant la période de Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Il examine ensuite le cas des émeutes Hindu-Musulmane à la fin du XIXème siècle et leur effet sur les classes indiennes éduquées. Il expose également la manière d'agir adoptée par Tilak pour faire face à ces situations. Il conclut enfin par une brève discussion sur le type de recours de Tilak à la religion.
The Measurement of the Uniformity of Spaces between Dents in Loom Reeds
Authors: Waesterberg L. , Söderberg L. , Nordhammar G. 
Published: March 2007

Variations in dent spacing give variations in the spacing of warp yarns with the result that visible streaks sometimes occur in the fabric. To determine the maximum deviation of the dent spacing that can he allowed without causing visible warp streaks in a given fabric, a photometric measuring instrument has been designed. and with this instrument individual spaces between the dents are registered as bars on a photographic film. In evaluating the irregularity of dent spacing from the shadow patterns of reed gratings (equidistant, parallel-lined glass plates) on reeds, these patterns have been photographed and then graded according to the correlation observed between the number of warp streaks and the photometric variation of dent spaces. In order to determine the quality of a reed quickly and simply in a mill. reed gratings are recommended to obtain patterns from the reeds in question for comparison with the set of standard graded photographic patterns.
The Effect of Bottom Front Roll Run-Out in Spinning on Yarn Quality and Processing Performance
Authors: Bragg Lawrence O. 
Published: March 2007

Measurement of bottom front roll run-out at every spinning stand position in a typical mill indicates that only a small percentage of the stands have run-outs that are exces sively high. It was found also that square neck jointed rolls in the two plants studied have higher roll run-outs than screw neck jointed rolls. A reasonable explanation for this is that the square neck jointed rolls generally receive rougher handling. since con siderable force is required when separating or putting together the sections of the rolls on the spinning frame. Periodic irregularities are introduced in the yarn by eccentric bottom front rolls which lower the quality of the yarn being produced. With increases of bottom front roll run- out from 0.000 in. to 0.010 in., the following properties of 31 1 warp yarn were affected to the extent shown: As the roll run-out increased, the pattern on yarn appearance boards became more dis tinct. Analysis of the yarn properties indicated that yarn quality was appreciably lowered at bottom front roll run-outs in excess of 0.0055 in. A study of the processing performance of the yarn produced at various bottom front roll run-outs indicates that yarns produced at high roll run-out positions are more difficult to process in spooling and weaving. In this study, there was an increase of 12% in the number of breaks in spooling as the bottom front roll run-out increased from ranges of 0.000-0.003-0.006 in. and higher. With these same ranges of roll run-outs, warp stops in weaving increased 48% when the weavability of the yarn produced at low roll run-out positions was compared with yarn produced at high roll run-out positions in spinning. The appearance grade of 80 X 80 print cloth, woven with filling yams produced at various roll run-out positions, was found to decrease with increases in bottom front roll run-outs. All graders that ranked the fabrics selected the fabric having the highest roll run-out as being the worst fabric in the group. However, no correlation was found be tween the appearance grade of 110 X 58 broadcloth woven with warp yarn produced at different bottom front roll run-outs in spinning.
Topochemical Mechanisms Involved in the Preparation and Deacetylation of Partially Acetylated Cottons
Authors: Bailey August V. , Honold Edith , Skau Evald L. 
Published: March 2007

Iodine sorption and moisture sorption data and some density, x-ray, and infrared data have been obtained on partially acetylated (PA) cottons before and after progres sice deacetylation with 2 N hydrochloric acid or with N 2 sodium hydroxide. The re sults substantiate the accepted theory that in the partial acetylation of cotton the amor phous regions are acetylated first. They also show that deacetylation of PA cottons by these two reagents proceeds by different mechanisms. With hydrochloric acid. the acetylated amorphous cellulose is deacetylated more or less completely throughout the fiber before the, acetylated crystalline is attacked. With sodium hydroxide both are de acetylated simultaneously with little or no selectivity, so that deacetylation proceeds annu larlv from the surface of the fiber inward. The properties of the original PA cottons differed markedly from those of the same acetyl content obtained by deacetylation. The properties depended further upon the reagent used for deacetylation and on the acetyl content before deacetylation. These differences in properties can be attributed to differences in the proportions and distribu tion of amorphous, crystalline. acetylated amorphous. and acetylated crystalline cellulose within the fiber and also to differences in the fine structure. degree of lateral order, and stress patterns resulting from the inhomogeneity of the volume changes which take place during acetylation or deacetylation.
Promises, Promises
Authors: KEENAN ALAN 
Published: March 2007

The effort to recapture the lost spirit of revolution must, to a certain extent, consist in the attempt at thinking together and combining meaningfully what our present vocabulary presents to us in terms of opposition and contradiction. Hannah Arendt, On Revolution, 225-26 Once again we find the paradox dominating the whole of social action: freedom exists because society does not achieve constitution as a structural objective order; but any social action tends towards the constitution of that impossible object, and thus towards the elimination of the conditions of liberty itself. Ernesto Laclau, New Reflections on the Revolution of Our Time, 44 Have you ever asked yourselves sufficiently how much the erection of every ideal on earth has?... If a temple is to be erected a temple must be destroyed: that is the law—let anyone who can show me a case in which it is not fulfilled! Friedrich Nietzsche, On the Genealogy of Morals, Second Essay, sec. 24
The Various Worldwide Futures for School Psychology
Authors: Mcloughlin Caven S. 
Published: March 2007

'From the gloomy streets of London after World War II came a warning of a gloomy world of the future, a future of technical marvels that in the hands of ruthless dictators had turned the people into soul-less robots.' So begins George Orwell's novel, 1984, a date which has come to be a shorthand term for the future. But the future is now, in that 1984 has arrived. This issue of School Psychology International is composed of commentaries by school psychologists from 10 countries who have accepted invitations to speculate on the various futures for their respective nations. In that the future develops from the present, the authors have charted the current contexts for school psychology and their anticipations for the dawn of the twenty-first century. This topic, which involves so much forward speculation, is prompted by Orwell's fateful predictions. Thus it seems appropriate to place the writer, his anticipations and the famous novel into perspective.
The School Psychologist as Action Researcher
Authors: Trump Linda 
Published: March 2007

This paper describes a research project undertaken following the principles of naturalistic inquiry. It is not intended as a theoretical discussion but rather as a 'flesh on the bones' account of new paradigm research in action. The example of the school psychologist as action researcher is an evaluation I was asked to undertake of an initiative set up by a special school. This was to appoint a teacher to work part time in the school as a 'normal' member of staff and to work for the rest of the time in a playgroup for children with special needs. The playgroup is run by volunteers in the local community. This kind of arrangement is unique to the county concerned. As action research or 'new paradigm' inquiry is very much contextually based, the scene needs to be set the project put into context.
The Reasons for the Polish Crisis of 1980-81
Authors: Minc Bronistaw 
Published: March 2007

The main reason for the Polish crisis is systemic or structural in nature. Where discussions about the origins of this crisis go wrong is that they concern themselves one-sidedly with the sphere of the political superstructure and reduce the main reason for the crisis to distortions of the form of government. The author classes the present economic system in Poland as a state-controlled economy; it is true that there have been various organizational changes and changes in the running of the economy, but the essence of the system has remained the same. Although for a time this system promoted the expansion of productive capacity, after a while it began to exert a negative influence on economic development: disproportions in the economy became sharply intensified, quantitative growth slackened, followed by a slump in production, and the costs of production, productivity of labour and, above all, innovation of production took an unfavourable turn. The main goal achieved in the economy was one-sided economic growth founded on the spurious economic law whereby growth of production of the means of production is faster than growth of production of goods for consumption. The main reason for the crisis was the consolidation of state control over the economy, combined with its bureaucratization, the failure to bring about further socialist changes, and the absence of social and political democracy. Apart from the main systemic reason for the Polish crisis, there are also specific reasons. These include, notably, the backwardness of the economy and the associated preoccupation with excessive acceleration of economic growth, the specific agrarian structure, national traditions, and a political structure encompassing, among other things, the considerable influence of the Church and the intelligentsia, which retained its separate identity. A direct reason for the crisis lay in the changes, to a large extent retrograde, which took place during the period 1971-80 both in the economy and its system of management and in politics.
Behavioral Treatment of Psychophysical Disorders
Authors: Blanchard Edward B. , Ahles Tim A. 
Published: March 2007

The behavioral treatment of psychophysiological disorders is reviewed with an emphasis on group outcome research and controlled, comparative group outcome studies. These behavioral treatments tend to fall into three categories: (I) biofeed-back training; (2) relaxation training; and (3) other behavioral techniques including assertiveness training and systematic desensitization. Guided by two inclusion criteria-seriousness as defined in terms of prevalence and mortality and the existence of a large body of research-this review discusses the following disorders: essential hypertensions, migraine headaches, muscle contraction headaches, asthma, ulcers, and colitis.
A Sociological Profile of Participants in the 1983 Ncaa Women's Golf Championship
Authors: Washington Martha A. , Lehr Carolyn A. 
Published: March 2007

Data were collected from participants (N=86) in the 1983 NCAA Women's Golf Cham pionship to elicit specific demographic and sociological information which would determine a profile of the elite female collegiate golfer. A 25 item questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Demographic variables include age, height, weight, year in school, hometown, academic major and university/college location. Sociological variables included age at which the participant began playing golf, most influential person in the participant's exposure to golf, person(s) providing greatest encourage ment to compete, families' involvement in golf, ordinal position, future career aspirations relative to golf, and socio-economic background. Elite female collegiate golfers in this study tend to pattern other female athletes in regard to the age of their initial involvement in sport and influence of the family upon participation. It appears that they are socialized into golf at an early age, the father is the most significant socializing agent, parents provide the greatest encouragement to compete, and the family involvement in golf is extensive. The participants are predominantly white, likely to be the youngest children in families with high socio-economic backgrounds, and the largest number come from hometowns located in the South and West. The majority of participants plan to continue their involvement in golf by becoming touring professionals.
Working in Housing Aid
Authors: McDonnell Kevin 
Published: March 2007

'Struggles in the welfare state' will attempt to draw upon the experience of people involved in local as well as national struggles over welfare. While there are activist journals in existence, we think that Critical Social Policy will provide an additional forum, including both reports by activists over social struggles and supplementing the more reflective approaches adopted in other sections of the journal. 'Struggles in the welfare state' will be open to all our readers, with the proviso that all contributors broadly accept the editorial outlook of the journal. But we do not wish to limit the section simply to some criterion of analysis formed within the editorial collective, and we would like to carry varied sets of contributions, however short, dealing with the experience of working within, as well as being a recipient of, the welfare sector. We also welcome photographs and illustrations with articles. How useful and interesting 'Struggles in the welfare state' will be depends to a great extent on contributions from our readership, and we welcome discussions with people who would like to submit material at any stage of preparation. In this issue of CSP we continue our analysis of the restructuring of the social services from the point of view of the workers within them. Kevin McDonnell, who works in housing aid, discusses the increasing difficulties faced by 'front line workers' in the social services and the strategies which can be employed by socialists in this field. In this way he is extending the discussion of welfare begun by the London Edinburgh Weekend Return Group in In and Against the State.