bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Robust Two‐Step Procedure for Quad‐Dominant Remeshing
Authors: Marinov Martin , Kobbelt Leif 
Published: December 2006

Abstract We propose a new technique for quad‐dominant remeshing which separates the local regularity requirements from the global alignment requirements by working in two steps. In the first step, we apply a slight variant of variational shape approximation in order to segment the input mesh into patches which capture the global structure of the processed object. Then we compute an optimized quad‐mesh for every patch by generating a finite set of candidate curves and applying a combinatorial optimization procedure. Since the optimization is performed independently for each patch, we can afford more complex operations while keeping the overall computation times at a reasonable level. Our quad‐meshing technique is robust even for noisy meshes and meshes with isotropic or flat regions since it does not rely on the generation of curves by integration along estimated principal curvature directions. Instead we compute a conformal parametrization for each patch and generate the quad‐mesh from curves with minimum bending energy in the 2D parameter domain. Mesh consistency between patches is guaranteed by simply using the same set of sample points along the common boundary curve. The resulting quad‐meshes are of high‐quality locally (shape of the quads) as well as globally (global alignment) which allows us to even generate fairly coarse quad‐meshes that can be used as Catmull‐Clark control meshes. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Geometric algorithms, languages, and systems
Easy Matting ‐ A Stroke Based Approach for Continuous Image Matting
Authors: Guan Yu , Chen Wei , Liang Xiao , Ding Zi’ang , Peng Qunsheng 
Published: December 2006

Abstract We propose an iterative energy minimization framework for interactive image matting. Our approach is easy in the sense that it is fast and requires only few user‐specified strokes for marking the foreground and background. Beginning with the known region, we model the unknown region as a Markov Random Field (MRF) and formulate its energy in each iteration as the combination of one data term and one smoothness term. By automatically adjusting the weights of both terms during the iterations, the first‐order continuous and feature‐preserving result is rapidly obtained with several iterations. The energy optimization can be further performed in selected local regions for refined results. We demonstrate that our energy‐driven scheme can be extended to video matting, with which the spatio‐temporal smoothness is faithfully preserved. We show that the proposed approach outperforms previous methods in terms of both the quality and performance for quite challenging examples.
Cross Dissolve Without Cross Fade: Preserving Contrast, Color and Salience in Image Compositing
Authors: Grundland Mark , Vohra Rahul , Williams Gareth P. , Dodgson Neil A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractLinear interpolation is the standard image blending method used in image compositing. By averaging in the dynamic range, it reduces contrast and visibly degrades the quality of composite imagery. We demonstrate how to correct linear interpolation to resolve this longstanding problem. To provide visually meaningful, high level control over the compositing process, we introduce three novel image blending operators that are designed to preserve key visual characteristics of their inputs. Our contrast preserving method applies a linear color mapping to recover the contrast lost due to linear interpolation. Our salience preserving method retains the most informative regions of the input images by balancing their relative opacity with their relative saliency. Our color preserving method extends homomorphic image processing by establishing an isomorphism between the image colors and the real numbers, allowing any mathematical operation defined on real numbers to be applied to colors without losing its algebraic properties or mapping colors out of gamut. These approaches to image blending have artistic uses in image editing and video production as well as technical applications such as image morphing and mipmapping.Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation
Seamless Integration of Initial Sketching and Subsequent Detail Editing in Flower Modeling
Authors: Ijiri T. , Owada S. , Igarashi T. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract We present an interactive modeling system for flower composition that supports seamless transformation from an initial sketch to a detailed three‐dimensional (3D) model. To begin, the user quickly sketches the overall appearance of the desired model as a collection of two‐dimensional (2D) strokes on hierarchical billboards. Then the user iteratively replaces the coarse sketch with a detailed 3D model referring to the initial sketch as a guide. Since a flower model consists of many repetitive components, the system helps the user to reuse 3D components to facilitate the modeling process. The global view of the entire model is always shown in a separate window to visualize how local modifications affect the global appearance. Our system helps the user make appropriate design decisions to keep the model consistent with the initial design, which is difficult in traditional bottom‐up plant modeling systems in which the global view only emerges after all of the details are specified. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Methodology and Techniques – Interaction Techniques.
Implicit Surface Modelling with a Globally Regularised Basis of Compact Support
Authors: Walder C. , Schölkopf B. , Chapelle O. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract We consider the problem of constructing a globally smooth analytic function that represents a surface implicitly by way of its zero set, given sample points with surface normal vectors. The contributions of the paper include a novel means of regularising multi‐scale compactly supported basis functions that leads to the desirable interpolation properties previously only associated with fully supported bases. We also provide a regularisation framework for simpler and more direct treatment of surface normals, along with a corresponding generalisation of the representer theorem lying at the core of kernel‐based machine learning methods. We demonstrate the techniques on 3D problems of up to 14 million data points, as well as 4D time series data and four‐dimensional interpolation between three‐dimensional shapes. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Curve, surface, solid, and object representations
Efficient Large Scale Acquisition of Building Interiors
Authors: Bahmutov Gleb , Popescu Voicu , Mudure Mihai 
Published: December 2006

Abstract We describe a system for the rapid acquisition of building interiors. In 40 hours, a two member team with a single acquisition device captured a model of the corridors and 20 individual rooms spanning 6 floors of a large building. Our custom acquisition device operates at interactive rates. The system provides immediate feedback to the operator. The operator guides the acquisition device in realtime and trivially avoids over sampling the planar parts of the scene such as floors, ceilings, walls, or doors. Most of the acquisition time budget is spent on the parts of the scene with complex geometry. A corridor section is modeled by acquiring a depth enhanced panorama (DEP) a teach one of its two ends and by fitting proxy geometry to the two DEPs. A room is acquired with a single DEP and proxy geometry is fitted to the planar parts. A room or a corridor section is acquired in less than 15 minutes. The acquisition device acquires high quality color intrinsically registered with the depth data. The resulting model is a texture mapped triangle mesh that supports photo realistic interactive rendering an dissuitable for applications such as virtual training and simulation. Categories and Subject Descriptors (ACM CCS): I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling.
GEncode: Geometry‐driven compression for General Meshes
Authors: Lewiner Thomas , Craizer Marcos , Lopes Hélio , Pesco Sinésio , Velho Luiz , Medeiros Esdras 
Published: December 2006

Abstract Performances of actual mesh compression algorithms vary significantly depending on the type of model it encodes. These methods rely on prior assumptions on the mesh to be efficient, such as regular connectivity, simple topology and similarity between its elements. However, these priors are implicit in usual schemes, harming their suitability for specific models. In particular, connectivity‐driven schemes are difficult to generalize to higher dimensions and to handle topological singularities. GEncode is a new single‐rate, geometry‐driven compression scheme where prior knowledge of the mesh is plugged into the coder in an explicit manner. It encodes meshes of arbitrary dimension without topological restrictions, but can incorporate topological properties, such as manifoldness, to improve the compression ratio. Prior knowledge of the geometry is taken as an input of the algorithm, represented by a function of the local geometry. This suits particularly well for scanned and remeshed models, where exact geometric priors are available. Compression results surfaces and volumes are competitive with existing schemes.
Soft Shadow Maps: Efficient Sampling of Light Source Visibility
Authors: Atty Lionel , Holzschuch Nicolas , Lapierre Marc , Hasenfratz Jean‐Marc , Hansen Charles , Sillion François X. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract Shadows, particularly soft shadows, play an important role in the visual perception of a scene by providing visual cues about the shape and position of objects. Several recent algorithms produce soft shadows at interactive rates, but they do not scale well with the number of polygons in the scene or only compute the outer penumbra. In this paper, we present a new algorithm for computing interactive soft shadows on the GPU. Our new approach provides both inner‐ and outer‐penumbra for a modest computational cost, providing interactive frame‐rates for models with hundreds of thousands of polygons. Our technique is based on a sampled image of the occluders, as in shadow map techniques. These shadow samples are used in a novel manner, computing their effect on a second projective shadow texture using fragment programs. In essence, the fraction of the light source area hidden by each sample is accumulated at each texel position of this Soft Shadow Map. We include an extensive study of the approximations caused by our algorithm, as well as its computational costs.
Compact Representation of Spectral BRDFs Using Fourier Transform and Spherical Harmonic Expansion
Authors: Xu Huiying , Sun Yinlong 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes a compact method to represent isotropic spectral BRDFs. In the first step, we perform a Fourier transform in the wavelength dimension. The resulting Fourier coefficients of the same order depend on three angles: the polar angle of the incident light, and the polar and azimuth angles of the outgoing light. In the second step, given an incident light angle, when the Fourier coefficients of the same order have an insensitive dependency on the outgoing direction, we represent these Fourier coefficients using a linear combination of spherical harmonics. Otherwise, we first decompose these Fourier coefficients into a smooth background that corresponds to diffuse component and a sharp lobe that corresponds to specular component. The smooth background is represented using a linear combination of spherical harmonics, and the sharp lobe using a Gaussian function. The representation errors are evaluated using spectral BRDFs obtained from measurement or generated from the Phong model. While maintaining sufficient accuracy, the proposed representation method has achieved data compression over a hundred of times. Examples of spectral rendering using the proposed method are also shown.
Wittgenstein's Temple: Or How Cool Is Philosophy?
Authors: McGhee Michael 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHow should we understand Wittgenstein's comment in 1929 that his ‘ideal’ was ‘a certain coolness’? Does it have the implication for the practice of philosophy that is suggested by the late Dewi Phillips? Wittgenstein's use of the metaphor of a temple in relation to the passions is curiously reminiscent in its structure of Rilke's first sonnet to Orpheus. In Zettel a similar preoccupation seems to be manifested in the long and unexpected passage that Wittgenstein copies out from Plato, a passage which is juxtaposed to the famous remark that the philosopher is the citizen of no community of ideas.
Debt Management and the Use of Leasing Finance in UK Corporate Financing Strategies
Authors: FAWTHROP PROFESSOR R. A. , TERRY BRIAN 
Published: December 2006

This paper reports an extensive industrial survey of UK companies' current attitudes towards debt and lease financing. It attempts to establish why and when financial managers resort to leasing and how it is incorporated into their overall debt strategy. It seeks answers to such questions as how management evaluates corporate debt capacity; what reliance they place on rules‐of‐thumb balance sheet ratios, how debt financing decisions are made, and how leasing contracts are evaluated in practice.Ce papier est le compte‐rendu d'une étude industrielle approfondie examinant les attitudes courantes que les sociétés adoptent en matière d'endettement et de financement par leasing. Nous essayons de savoir pourquoi et quand les agents de gestion ont recours aux leasings et enfin comment ces derniers viennent s'intégrer dans la politique globale d'endettement de ces sociétés. Nous cherchons les résponses à de telles questions, à savoir: comment les agents de gestion déterminent la capacité d'endettement de leur société; quelle confiance ils accordent au rapport approximatif établi entre les éléments comparables de l'actif et du passif du bilan; comment on détermine la valeur des contrats de gérance dans la pratique.Diese Abhandlung berichtet uber einen umfassenden industriellen Überbück von den gegenwärtigen Attituden der britischen Kapitalgesellschaften gegenüber Fremdfinanzierung und Leasing. Sie versucht festzustellen, warurn und wann die Unternehmensfinanzfachleute Gebrauch von Leasing machen und wie es in ihre Gesamtfremdfinanzierungsstrategie integriert wird. Sie sucht Antworten auf Fragen, z.B. wie das Management die Fremdfinanzierungskraft bewertet, welche Bedeutung den Bilanzfaustregelquoten angerechnet wird, wie Fremdfinanzierungsentscheidungen getroffen werden und wie Leasingverträge in der Praxis bewertet werden.
The Association of Forecast Error with Other Risk Measures
Authors: BAREFIELD RUSSELL M. , COMISKEY EUGENE E. 
Published: December 2006

The forecasting errors of security analysts based on a sample of 100 New York Stock Exchange companies are developed for 1967–72. The forecast errors are related to two risk measures, (I) the coefficient of variation of earnings about linear trend and (2) the market beta. A high level of association is revealed between the ranking of companies based upon forecast error and coefficient of variation. A lower degree of association exists between forecast error and the market betas by company.Partant d'un échantillon de 100 compagnies new yorkaises cotées à la Bourse, les analystes financiers mettent en valeur les écarts de prévision au cours de la période 1967–72. Les écarts de prévision sont liés à deux mesures de risque: (I) d'une part au coefficient de variation des bénéfices suivant une tendance linéaire, et (2) d'autre part au bêta du marchbé. On décéle une forte corrélation entre le rang des sociétès établi d'après les Ccarts de prévision et le coefficient de variation des bénéfices. II existe par contre une faible corrélation entre ces erreurs de prévision et les bêtas du marché.Die Vorhersagefehler von Aktienanalytikern werden von einer Stichprobe von 100 an der New Yorker Börse notierten Gesellschaften für die Periode 1967–72 abgeleitet. Die Vorhersagefehler werden wiederum in Beziehung zu zwei Risikoindizien gebracht, (I) zu dem Ertragsvariationskoefiient um einen Linearen Trend und (2) zum Marktbetafaktor. Eine hohe Assoziation zwischen einer Rangordnung von Gesellschaften nach Vorhersagefehlern und Variationskoeffizienten wird gezeigt. Zwischen den Vorhersagefehlern und Marktbetafaktoren besteht eine Assoziation niedrigeren Grades.
Application of the Capital Asset Pricing Model to Multi‐period Investments
Authors: BIERMAN HAROLD , SMIDT SEYMOUR 
Published: December 2006

This paper presents a method for evaluating a multi‐period asset that is consistent with the valuations implied by the capital asset pricing model, and shows how the results of the valuation processes can be expressed in terms of a number of commonly used valuation formulas.Ce papier expose tout d'abord une méthode permettant d'estimer une valeur immobilisée à multiples périodes qui soit compatible avec les évaluations fournies par le modéle d'bvaluation de l'actif immobilisé. II montre ensuite comment les résultats des opérations d'haluation peuvent être exprimés au moyen d'un nombre de formules d'estimation couramment utilisées.Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Methode für die Bewertung einer mehrperiodischen Investition dar, die mit den Bewertungen, die das ‘Capital Asset Pricing’ Modell impliziert, übereinstimmt. Er zeigt, wie die Ergebnisse des Bewertungsprozesses mittels einer Anzahl gebrluchlicher Formeln ausgedruckt werden konnen.
An Existence Proof for Equilibrium in a Capital Asset Market
Authors: JONES‐LEE M. W. , POSKITT D. S. 
Published: December 2006

The finance literature abounds with theoretical and empirical developments of the original Sharpe/Lintner models of equilibrium in capital asset markets. Almost all of these contributions are premised upon the existence of equilibrium in such models and yet there is apparently no formal existence proof in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to establish such a proof.La littérature de la finance abonde de développements théoriques et empiriques des premiers modèles de Sharpe/Lintner concernant l'équilibre dans les marchés des valeurs. Dans de tels modèles, la plupart de ces interventions sont basées sur l'existence d'un équilibre et pourtant il n'existe apparemment pas de preuve formelle de l'existence d'un tel équilibre dans la littérature. Le but de ce papier est donc d'en établir une telle preuve.Das Schrifttum der Finanzwirtschaftslehre wimmelt von theoretischen und empirischen Entwicklungen der ursprünglichen Sharpe/Lintner‐Gleichgewichtsmodelle in ‘Capital Asset’ MÄrkten. Fast alle dieser Beiträge schicken das Bestehen eines Gleichgewichtes in solchen Modellen voraus obwohl anscheinend kein formeller Bestehensbeweis dafur in der Literatur zu finden ist. Der Zweck dieses Beitrages ist die Feststellung eines solchen Beweises.
The Maintenance of Financial Viability Under Inflationary Conditions: A Planning Model
Authors: COWAN PROFESSOR T. K. 
Published: December 2006

The paper demonstrates how a company model may assist the forecasting of basic financial relationships under conditions of changing prices and inflation, and the examination and analysis of the effects of changes in the significant variables affecting business solvency. The paper examines the apparent inconsistency between accounting statements of profit and profitability, and the serious financial problems faced by most businesses, and it suggests a critical reappraisal of the basis of profit and profitability measurement.Ce papier décrit comment le modèle d'une société d'une part peut s'avérer utile pour la prévision des connections financières de base dans le cas de fluctuation des prix et d'inflation, et d'autre part permet d'étudier et analyser les conséquences des changements dans les variables significatives qui agissent sur la solvabilitééconomique. Ce papier montre l'apparente incompatibilité qui existe entre les relevés comptables du profit et de la rentabilité et les graves probèmes financiers auxquels se heurtent les entreprises. Ce papier envisage enfin une réestimation critique des bases se rapportant À l'évaluation du profit et de la rentabilité.Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie ein Undernehmensmodell dem Vorhersagen der grundsätzlichen finanziellen Verhätnisse unter Preisänderungen und Inflation helfen kann, sowie der Untersuchung und Analyse der Auswirkung von Änderungen der Variabeln, die die Unternehmenszahlungsfähigkeit beeinflussen. Er prüft die scheinbare Unvereinbarkeit zwischen dem Bilanzgewinn und Rentabilität und den emsthaften Problemen, die die meisten Unternehmen begegnen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass eine weitere kritische Überprüfung der Gewinn‐ und Rentabilitätsmessungsbasis gemacht werden muss.
Accounting: A Source of Market Imperfection: A Comment
Authors: AMERNIC J. H. 
Published: December 2006

This comment on an article by Rirkett and Walker in the Summer 1974 JBFA1 does not attack their conclusions‐but it does seek to point out that, because of at least four developments that have already commenced, their description of accounting as it is practised today is probably inadequate as a description of accounting in the future.Ces remarques sur l'article de Birkett et Walker qui a paru dans 1′édition d'été 1974 du J.B.F.A. n'attaquent pas les conclusions qu'ils ont tirées. Elles tendent à souligner que, en raison d'au moins quatre développements déjà entrepris, la description que Birkett et Walker font de la comptabilité d'aujourd‐'hui n'exprime pas vraisemblablement l'idée de la comptabilitb telle qu'on se la reprtsente dans l'avenir.Diese Anmerkung über einen Artikel von Birkett und Walker in der 1974 JBFA‐Sommausgabe, stellt ihre Schlussfolgerungen nicht in Frage. Sie versucht aber zu zeigen, dass aufgrund von wenigstens vier Entwicklungen, die schon im Gange sind, ihre Darstellung von Rechnungswesen, wie es heutzutage in der Praxis ausgeübt wird, wahrscheinlich unzureichend als Beschreibung des zukünftigen Rechnungswesens ist.
The Valuation of Stock Warrants: A Comment on the Bird Model
Authors: SKERRATT L. C. L. 
Published: December 2006

The paper examines, by simulation, some characteristics of the Bird model, and finds that they are not consistent with the behavioural features which Bird ascribes to the model. A probable cause of this is argued to be specification error.Ce papier sonde, par simulation, certains points du modèle Bird, et révèle que ceux‐ci ne sont pas compatibles avec l'ensemble du comportement que Bird attribue au modèle. On suppose qu'une erreur de spécification en soit une cause éventuelle.Mit Hilfe eines Simultationsverfahrens untersucht diese Abhandlung einige Eigenschaften des Bird‐Modells. Es wird festgestellt, dass sie mit den Verhaltensaspekten, die Bird dem Modell zuschreibt, nicht übereinstimmen. Es wird behauptet, dass ein möglicher Anlass dafür auf einen Spezifikationsfehler zurückzuführen ist.