bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science Motivation Questionnaire: Construct validation with nonscience majors
Authors: Glynn Shawn M. , Taasoobshirazi Gita , Brickman Peggy 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study examined how 770 nonscience majors, enrolled in a core‐curriculum science course, conceptualized their motivation to learn science. The students responded to the Science Motivation Questionnaire, a 30‐item Likert‐type instrument designed to provide science education researchers and science instructors with information about students' motivation to learn science. The students' scores on the Science Motivation Questionnaire were reliable and related to students' high school preparation in science, GPA in college science courses, and belief in the relevance of science to their careers. An exploratory factor analysis provided evidence of construct validity, revealing that the students conceptualized their motivation to learn science in terms of five dimensions:intrinsic motivation and personal relevance,self‐efficacy and assessment anxiety,self‐determination,career motivation, andgrade motivation. Women and men had different profiles on these dimensions, but equivalent overall motivation to learn science. Essays by all of the students explaining their motivation to learn science and interviews with a sample of the students were used to interpret Science Motivation Questionnaire scores. The findings were viewed in terms of a social‐cognitive theory of learning, and directions for future research were discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 127–146, 2009
Enhancing students' understanding of the concept of chemical bonding by using activities provided on an interactive website
Authors: Frailich Marcel , Kesner Miri , Hofstein Avi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the effectiveness of a web‐based learning environment in enhancing 10th grade high‐school students' understanding of the concept of chemical bonding. Two groups participated in this study: an experimental group (N = 161) and a comparison one (N = 93). The teachers in the experimental group were asked to implement four activities taken from a website, all dealing with the concept of chemical bonding. Computer‐based visual models are utilized in all the activities in order to demonstrate bonding and the structure of matter, and are based on student‐centered learning. The study incorporated both quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative research consisted of achievement questionnaires administered to both the experimental and comparison groups. In contrast, the qualitative research included observations and interviews of students and teachers. Importantly, we found that the experimental group outperformed the comparison group significantly, in the achievement post‐test, which examines students' understanding of the concept of chemical bonding. These results led us to conclude that the web‐based learning activities which integrated visualization tools with active and cooperative learning strategies provided students with opportunities to construct their knowledge regarding the concept of chemical bonding. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 289–310, 2009
Modeling and analysis of a self‐learning worm based on good point set scanning
Authors: Wang Fangwei , Zhang Yunkai , Ma Jianfeng 
Published: November 2008

AbstractInternet worms can self‐propagate over the Internet, and have caused significant damages to the Internet infrastructure. To speed up the propagating process, the worms need to scan many Internet Protocol (IP) addresses to target vulnerable hosts. However, the distribution of IP addresses is highly non‐uniform, which results in many scans wasted on invulnerable addresses. Inspired by the theory of good point set, this paper proposes a new scanning strategy, referred to as good point set scanning (GPSS), for worms. Experimental results show that GPSS can generate more distinct IP addresses and less unused IP addresses than the permutation scanning. Combined with group distribution, a static optimal GPSS is derived. Since the information cannot be easily collected before a worm is released, a self‐learning worm with GPSS is designed. Such worm can accurately estimate the underlying vulnerable‐host distribution when a sufficient number of IP addresses of infected hosts are collected. We use a modified Analytical Active Worm Propagation (AAWP) to simulate data of Code Red and the performance of different scanning strategies. Experimental results show that once the distribution of vulnerable hosts is accurately estimated, a self‐learning worm can propagate much faster than other worms. Finally, some possible countermeasures are given. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New polymeric candidate reference materials for XRF and LA‐ICP‐MS—development and preliminary characterization
Authors: Mans Christian , Simons Christoph , Hanning Stephanie , Janßen Anton , Alber Dorothea , Radtke Martin , Reinholz Uwe , Bühler Arnd , Kreyenschmidt Martin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA set of ten calibration materials based on acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene terpolymer (ABS) containing the elements Br, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg was produced in order to control polymer samples in regard to the restriction on the use of certain hazardous substances (RoHS) directive. The materials were produced with respect to the special demands of X‐ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in combination with laser ablation (LA‐ICP‐MS).The mass fractions of all elements were 0–1500 mg/kg and the materials were produced as granulates and solid discs with a diameter of 40 mm and thicknesses of 1, 2, and 6 mm. It could be shown that the signals measured by XRF strongly depend on the thickness of polymeric samples.Macroscopic homogeneity was assessed with XRF measuring a total of 180 samples. The microscopic homogeneities were determined for a material with average elemental mass fractions with the aid of synchrotron radiation (SR) µ‐XRF and LA‐ICP‐MS. Sufficient macroscopic and microscopic homogeneities for all elements could be achieved. It was observed that organic additives show a better homogeneity than oxides.XRF and LA‐ICP‐MS were successfully calibrated with the new materials. Limits of detection were in the range of 0.4–22 mg/kg for XRF and 2.3–26.8 mg/kg for LA‐ICP‐MS. The materials are considered as candidate reference materials (RM) by the Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM, Germany). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of the stability and transcriptional activity of NFATc4 by ubiquitination
Authors: Fan Yongna , Xie Ping , Zhang Tianpeng , Zhang Hua , Gu Dongfeng , She Mingpeng , Li Huihua 
Published: November 2008

MINT‐6798349:

NFATc4 (uniprotkb:Q14934) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Ubiquitin (uniprotkb:P62988) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
MINT‐6798334:

NFATc4 (uniprotkb:Q14934) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Ubiquitin (uniprotkb:P62988) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐6798321:

Ubiquitin (uniprotkb:P62988) physically interacts (MI:0218) with NFATc4 (uniprotkb:Q14934) by pull down (MI:0096)
The effect ofapoEgenotype and sex on ApoE plasma concentration is determined by dietary fat in healthy subjects
Authors: Moreno Juan Antonio , Pérez-Jiménez Francisco , Moreno-Luna Rafael , Pérez-Martínez Pablo , Fuentes-Jiménez Francisco , Marín Carmen , Portugal Henri , Lairon Denis , López-Miranda José 
Published: November 2008

The interindividual variation in ApoE plasma concentration is considerable, mainly determined byapoEgenotype and sex. However, a large amount of variability remains unexplained by these factors. We have evaluated whether the quantity and quality of dietary fat interacts with theapoEgenotype and sex modifying ApoE plasma levels in young healthy subjects. Eighty-four volunteers (sixty-six apoE3/3, eight apoE4/3 and ten apoE3/2) were subjected to three dietary periods, each lasting 4 weeks. The first was a SFA-enriched diet (38 % fat and 20 % SFA), which was followed by a carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diet (30 % fat, < 10 % SFA and 55 % carbohydrate) or a MUFA-rich diet (38 % fat and 22 % MUFA) following a randomised crossover design.apoE2carriers have the highest ApoE levels, whereasapoE4individuals show the lowest concentration after the SFA, CHO and MUFA diets. Women had significantly higher ApoE concentration than men only after the consumption of the SFA diet. The SFA diet increased the ApoE plasma concentration when compared with the CHO- and MUFA-rich diets in women, but not in men. In women, but not in men, the shift from the SFA- to CHO- or MUFA-rich diets significantly decreased the ApoE concentration in apoE3/2 and apoE3/3 subjects, whereas no differences were observed in women with the apoE4/3 genotype. Sex andapoEgenotype determine ApoE plasma levels; however, this effect is dependent on dietary fat.
Vitamin A equivalency of β-carotene in healthy adults: limitation of the extrinsic dual-isotope dilution technique to measure matrix effect
Authors: Van Loo-Bouwman Carolien A. , West Clive E. , van Breemen Richard B. , Zhu Dongwei , Siebelink Els , Versloot Pieter , Hulshof Paul J. M. , van Lieshout Machteld , Russel Frans G. M. , Schaafsma Gertjan , Naber Ton H. J. 
Published: November 2008

Data on the vitamin A equivalency of β-carotene in food are inconsistent. We quantified the vitamin A equivalency (μg) of β-carotene in two diets using the dual-isotope dilution technique and the oral–faecal balance technique. A diet-controlled, cross-over intervention study was conducted in twenty-four healthy adults. Each subject followed two diets for 3 weeks each: a diet containing vegetables low in β-carotene with supplemental β-carotene in salad dressing oil (‘oil diet’) and a diet containing vegetables and fruits high in β-carotene (‘mixed diet’). During all 6 weeks, each subject daily consumed a mean of 55 (sd 0·5) μg [13C10]β-carotene and 55 (sd 0·5) μg [13C10]retinyl palmitate in oil capsules. The vitamin A equivalency of β-carotene was calculated as the dose-corrected ratio of [13C5]retinol to [13C10]retinol in serum and from apparent absorption by oral–faecal balance. Isotopic data quantified a vitamin A equivalency of [13C10]β-carotene in oil of 3·4 μg (95 % CI 2·8, 3·9), thus the bio-efficacy of the β-carotene in oil was 28 % in the presence of both diets. However, data from oral–faecal balance estimated vitamin A equivalency as 6:1 μg (95 % CI 4, 7) for β-carotene in the ‘oil diet’. β-Carotene in the ‘oil diet’ had 2·9-fold higher vitamin A equivalency than β-carotene in the ‘mixed diet’. In conclusion, this extrinsic labelling technique cannot measure effects of mixed vegetables and fruits matrices, but can measure precisely the vitamin A equivalency of the β-carotene in oil capsules.
Influence of dietary phytosterols and phytostanols on diastolic blood pressure and the expression of blood pressure regulatory genes in SHRSP and WKY inbred rats
Authors: Chen Qixuan , Gruber Heidi , Swist Eleonora , Pakenham Catherine , Ratnayake Walisundera M. N. , Scoggan Kylie A. 
Published: November 2008

The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of increased consumption of phytosterols or phytostanols on blood pressure and renal blood pressure regulatory gene expression in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) inbred rats. SHRSP and WKY inbred rats (10/group) were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with phytosterols or phytostanols (2·0 g/kg diet). After 5 weeks, SHRSP rats demonstrated higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures than WKY inbred rats. SHRSP rats that consumed the phytosterol or phytostanol supplemental diets displayed a 2- or 3-fold respective increase in the diastolic blood pressure than those that consumed the control diet. Angiotensinogen (Agt), angiotensin I-converting enzyme 1 (Ace1), nitric oxide synthase (Nos) 1,Nos3, cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) and THUMP domain containing 1 were expressed at higher levels in SHRSP compared with WKY inbred rats.Reninand angiotensin II receptor type 1a were expressed at lower levels in SHRSP than WKY inbred rats. Phytostanol supplementation up-regulated the expression ofAce1andNos3in SHRSP rats. Phytosterol supplementation increased the mRNA levels ofNos1and spondin 1 (Spon1) in SHRSP and WKY inbred rats.Cox2mRNA levels were elevated in both phytosterol- and phytostanol-supplemented SHRSP and WKY inbred rats. Therefore, the increased blood pressure in SHRSP rats may be partly due to altered renal expression of blood pressure regulatory genes. Specifically, up-regulation ofAce1,Nos1,Nos3,Cox2andSpon1were associated with the increased diastolic blood pressure observed in phytosterol- or phytostanol-supplemented SHRSP rats.
Dose-dependent impact of larval Ascaris suum on host body weight in the mouse model
Authors: Lewis R. , Behnke J.M. , Stafford P. , Holland C.V. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAscaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum are important helminth parasites of humans and pigs, respectively. Although it is now well established that the presence of mature adult worms in the host intestine contributes to significant nutritional morbidity, the impact of larval migratory ascariasis is far less well understood. The development of a mouse model to explore susceptibility and resistance to larval ascariasis in the lungs provided an opportunity to observe the impact of larval migration on host growth during the course of infection. Changes in body weight were monitored in two strains of inbred mice, the susceptible C57BL/6j and the resistant CBA/Ca. Groups of mice received one of four doses: 100, 500, 1000 and 3000 fully embryonated A. suum ova. Infected mice underwent post-mortem on days 6, 7 and 8 post-infection. Control mice received a placebo dose of intubation medium and underwent post-mortem on day 7 post-infection. Mice were weighed pre-infection (day 0) and post-infection on the day of post-mortem. At post-mortem, the lungs of each mouse were removed for enumeration of Ascaris larval burdens by means of the modified Baermann method. Control mice of each strain showed an increase in weight from pre-infection to post-infection day. Within the C57BL/6j strain, mice infected with higher doses of Ascaris eggs experienced a reduction in body weight; for those given 3000 eggs this was on all three post-mortem days, and for those given 1000, on days 7 and 8. For CBA/Ca mice, only mice receiving the 3000 dose demonstrated a reduction in body weight. These findings suggest that larval migratory ascariasis has a significant negative impact upon host growth and that this is related to infective dose and larval burden.
UTILITARIAN AGGREGATION
Authors: Hardin Russell 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThere can be no relevant cardinal assessment of the welfares of individuals that would allow traditional comparisons of average and total welfare of whole societies to be made. Given that cardinally additive welfare measures are unavailable, I work out some of the implications of an ordinal utilitarian analysis of international distributional issues. I first address the general problem of utilitarian comparisons between aggregates, then the nature of ordinal transfers between groups or nations, and then the complications that population growth in impoverished nations entails for such comparisons. I conclude with remarks on the difficulties and the benefits of thinking ordinally in general.
UP AND DOWN WITH AGGREGATION
Authors: Hooker Brad 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper starts by addressing some objections to the very idea of aggregate social good. The paper goes on to review the case for letting aggregate social good be not only morally relevant but also sometimes morally decisive. Then the paper surveys objections to letting aggregate social good determine personal or political decisions. The paper goes on to argue against the idea that aggregate good is sensitive to desert and the idea that aggregate good should be construed as incorporating agent-relativity.
AGGREGATION, ALLOCATING SCARCE RESOURCES, AND THE DISABLED
Authors: Kamm F. M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this article, I first compare positions I have taken in the past and those taken by Peter Singer on how the allocation of life-saving resources should be affected by (1) the aggregation of expected quality of life, quantity of life, and need, (2) both within the life of a person (intrapersonal aggregation) and across persons (interpersonal aggregation). I then reexamine the specific issue of whether and why differences in expected years of life and quality of life that a scarce resource can provide a disabled and a nondisabled person should affect our allocation decisions. I attend to how the use of the veil of ignorance bears on this issue and also how the conclusions I reach differ in certain ways from my past positions.
BENEFITS, HOLISM, AND THE AGGREGATION OF VALUE
Authors: McNaughton David , Rawling Piers 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe reject Moorean holism about value—the view that the value of the whole does not equal the sum of the values of its parts. We propose an alternative aggregative holism according to which the value of a state of affairs is the sum of the values of its constituent states. But these constituents must be evaluated in situ.We also argue that, in addition to value tout court, there are benefits that can go to individuals—where the value of a state of affairs need not equal the sum of the benefits it supplies. To deny this claim is to deny, among other things, the possibility of even raising distributional concerns, or that of stating egoism in a coherent fashion. And denying these possibilities is implausible. But once benefits are in the picture, there is, pace certain forms of consequentialism, pressure to acknowledge that we can have extra reason to pursue them beyond considerations of the effect of such pursuit on the general good.We conclude by applying these thoughts to, first, the claim that Pareto-optimality is necessary for maximal value (we argue that this thesis is false); and, second, Parfit's ‘repugnant conclusion’ (we use this conclusion to bolster our claim that value need not be the sum of benefits: if value were always the sum of benefits, the repugnant conclusion would follow; the repugnant conclusion is false; therefore value is not always the sum of benefits).
Developments in the Theory and Practice of Cognitive and Behavioural Therapies
Authors: Taylor John L. , Steel Craig 
Published: November 2008

In 1993 Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy published a supplement edited by Ann Hackmann with the title “Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies: Past History, Current Applications and Future Registration Issues”. This was the journal's first ever supplement and it provided an overview of the state of behavioural and cognitive psychotherapies at that time. It was intended to provide a context for discussions concerning the future of the field, and as Paul Salkovskis said in his editorial, “[the supplement]. . .will be an important reference source for years to come.”
ON THE NUMBER OF SIGN CHANGES OF HECKE EIGENVALUES OF NEWFORMS
Authors: KOHNEN WINFRIED , LAU YUK-KAM , SHPARLINSKI IGOR E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe show that, for every x exceeding some explicit bound depending only on k and N, there are at least C(k,N)x/log 17x positive and negative coefficients a(n) with n≤x in the Fourier expansion of any non-zero cuspidal Hecke eigenform of even integral weight k≥2 and squarefree level N that is a newform, where C(k,N) depends only on k and N. From this we deduce the existence of a sign change in a short interval.
AN ALMOST EVERYWHERE VERSION OF SMÍTAL’S ORDER–CHAOS DICHOTOMY FOR INTERVAL MAPS
Authors: BARRIO BLAYA ALEJO , JIMÉNEZ LÓPEZ VÍCTOR 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe prove that iff:I=[0,1]→Iis aC3-map with negative Schwarzian derivative, nonflat critical points and without wild attractors, then exactly one of the following alternatives must occur: (i) R(f) has full Lebesgue measureλ; (ii) bothS(f) andScramb(f) have positive measure. HereR(f),S(f), andScramb(f) respectively stand for the set of approximately periodic points off, the set of sensitive points to the initial conditions off, and the two-dimensional set of points (x,y) such that {x,y} is a scrambled set forf. Also, we show that iffis piecewise monotone and has no wandering intervals, then eitherλ(R(f))=1 orλ(S(f))>0, and provide examples of mapsg,hof this type satisfyingS(g)=S(h)=Isuch that, on the one hand,λ(R(g))=0 andλ2(Scramb(g))=0 , and, on the other hand,λ(R(h))=1 .
New fungal sources for α-L-Rhamnosidase: an important enzyme used in the synthesis of drugs and drug precursors
Authors: Yadav Vinita , Yadav Kapil Deo Singh 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTwo fungal strains were isolated and tentatively identified as Penicillium VY and Aspergillus VY. All the isolated species show the maximum production on third day in a liquid culture media. The pH optimum was found to be 10.0 for Penicillium VY and 11.0 for Aspergillus VY. The temperature optima were 50ºC in both the cases. The enzyme produced by Penicillium VY was found to be stable in the pH range 3.0-7.0 and 3.0–6.0 in case of Aspergillus VY. The enzyme does not loose activity up to 40º C in case of Penicillium VY and 40ºC in case of Aspergillus VY if exposed for 1 h.
A multivariate test of association
Authors: Ferreira Manuel A. R. , Purcell Shaun M. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Summary: Although genetic association studies often test multiple, related phenotypes, few formal multivariate tests of association are available. We describe a test of association that can be efficiently applied to large population-based designs.
Availability: A C++ implementation can be obtained from the authors.
Contact: manuel.ferreira@qimr.edu.au
Supplementary information: Supplementary figures are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hemostatic Agent Microporous Polysaccharide Hemospheres (MPH) Does Not Affect Healing or Intact Sinus Mucosa
Authors: Antisdel Jastin L. , Janney Christine G. , Long John P. , Sindwani Raj 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Absorbable hemostatic agents are used routinely following sinus surgery. Recent studies suggest that current biomaterials, such as FloSeal Matrix Hemostatic Sealant (Fusion Medical Technologies, Mountain View, CA) may interfere with mucosal regeneration. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Microporous Polysaccharide Hemospheres (MPH, Medafor, Inc., Minneapolis, MN), a novel rapidly‐absorbing hemostatic powder, on healing and intact sinus mucosa.Study Design: Prospective, controlled study using the rabbit model.Methods: Both maxillary sinuses of 14 New Zealand white rabbits were surgically opened. The mucosa of 10 rabbits were stripped bilaterally, and the left sinus of each was then treated with either MPH or FloSeal. The mucosa of four additional rabbits were incised but otherwise remained undisturbed. Again, the left sinus of each of the four additional rabbits was treated with either MPH or FloSeal. The right sinus served as an untreated control (stripped or intact) in both arms of the study. Animals were recovered and euthanized 2 weeks later. Specimens were examined by a blinded pathologist using light microscopy.Results: Untreated regenerated mucosa showed expected areas of sparse cilia, mild serous gland reduction, and fibrosis. MPH‐treated sinuses showed no significant changes compared to respective controls, and no MPH substance was identified. In contrast, regenerating mucosa treated with FloSeal showed extensive loss of cilia, inflammation, and fibrosis. Residual FloSeal particles were present within the sinus cavity and grossly incorporated within healing mucosa. Unexpectedly, intact mucosa exposed to FloSeal showed similar findings.Conclusions: Absorbable hemostatic materials have starkly different effects on mucosal healing. Unlike other agents, MPH is rapidly cleared and has no negative effects on healing or intact sinus mucosa.