bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excitation intensity and temperature‐dependent photoluminescence and optical absorption in Tl4Ga3InSe8 layered crystals
Authors: Goksen K. , Gasanly N. M. , Turan R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) spectra of Tl4Ga3InSe8 layered crystals grown by Bridgman method have been studied in the wavelength region of 600‐750 nm and in the temperature range of 17‐68 K. A broad PL band centered at 652 nm (1.90 eV) was observed at T = 17 K. Variations of emission band has been studied as a function of excitation laser intensity in the 0.13 to 55.73 mW cm‐2 range. Radiative transitions from donor level located at 0.19 eV below the bottom of conduction band to shallow acceptor level located at 0.03 eV above the top of the valence band were suggested to be responsible for the observed PL band. From X‐ray powder diffraction and optical absorption study, the parameters of monoclinic unit cell and the energy of indirect band gap were determined, respectively. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Raised C‐reactive protein levels in patients with recent onset type 1 diabetes
Authors: Picardi A. , Valorani M. G. , Vespasiani Gentilucci U. , Manfrini S. , Ciofini O. , Cappa M. , Guglielmi C. , Pozzilli P. ,   the IMDIAB Group
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate serum concentrations of high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (CRP) and alpha(1)‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) in patients with T1DM, at diagnosis and after 12 months of intensive insulin therapy (T12).MethodsCRP and AGP were measured in 44 recent onset T1DM patients (26M/18F, mean age 14.9 ± 9.1 years), and 44 age‐ and sex‐matched controls, using a highly sensitive immunonephelometric assay.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the concentrations of high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and AGP between patients and controls. hs‐CRP levels significantly increased in patients at T12 compared to the levels at diagnosis [0.69 (0.14–15.5) versus 0.43 (0.14–7.47) mg/L, p < 0.05; for males: 0.77 (0.14–15.5) versus 0.35 (0.14–7.47) mg/L, p < 0.05; for females the increase was not significant]. AGP levels were not different at T12 compared to diagnosis. No significant correlations were found between hs‐CRP and body mass index (BMI), C‐peptide, glycosylated haemoglobin, or insulin dose. A strong correlation was found between hs‐CRP values at diagnosis and those at T12 (ρ = 0.73, p < 0.001); indeed, patients with hs‐CRP levels above the 50th percentile at diagnosis showed significantly increased hs‐CRP values at T12 compared to patients with baseline hs‐CRP levels under the 50th percentile [1.61 (0.18–15.5) versus 0.16 (0.14–1.92) mg/L, p < 0.0001)], and to controls [0.55 (0.14–6.50), p = 0.001].ConclusionsThis is the first report showing that, despite good metabolic control, 1 year of overt T1DM is sufficient to increase hs‐CRP levels, especially in males. hs‐CRP levels at diagnosis is a predictor for the values observed at 12 months, suggesting the possibility to select a subgroup of patients requiring strict follow‐up for cardiovascular complications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous speech recognition without end‐point detection
Authors: Segawa Osamu , Takeda Kazuya , Itakura Fumitada 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA new continuous speech recognition method that does not need explicit speech end‐point detection is proposed. A one‐pass decoding algorithm is modified to decode the input speech of infinite length so that, with appropriate nonspeech models for silence and ambient noises, continuous speech recognition can be executed without explicit end‐point detection. The basic algorithm (1) decodes a processing block of the predetermined length, (2) backtraces and finds the boundaries of the processing blocks where the word history in the preceding processing block is merged into one, and (3) restarts decoding from the boundary frame with the merged word history. The effectiveness of the method is verified by spoken dialogue transcription experiments. With a 5‐minute dialogue in a moving car, the proposed method gives better results in word accuracy than the results using the explicit end‐point detection method and the conventional one‐pass decoder. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(4): 43–50, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20140
Robust tagging in strange circumstance
Authors: Takauji Hidenori , Kaneko Shun'Ichi , Tanaka Takayuki 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper aims to propose a new scheme for robust tagging for landmark definition in unknown circumstance using some qualitative evaluations based on orientation code representation and matching, which has been proposed for robust image registration even in the presence of changes in illumination and occlusion. The necessary characteristics for effective tags include richness, similarity, and uniqueness, and are considered in order to design an algorithm for tag detection. These qualitative considerations can be utilized to design a simple and robust algorithm for tag definitions in combination with the robust image registration algorithm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(4): 22–32, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20351
Human MICL (CLEC12A) is differentially glycosylated and is down‐regulated following cellular activation
Authors: Marshall Andrew S. J. , Willment Janet A. , Pyż Elwira , Dennehy Kevin M. , Reid Delyth M. , Dri Pietro , Gordon Siamon , Wong Simon Y. C. , Brown Gordon D. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractC‐type lectins are the most diverse and prevalent lectin family in immunity. Particular interest has recently been attracted by the C‐type lectin‐like receptors on NK cells, which appear to regulate the activation/inhibitory balance of these cells, controlling cytotoxicity and cytokine production. We previously identified a human C‐type lectin‐like receptor, closely related to both the beta‐glucan receptor and the lectin‐like receptor for oxidized‐LDL, named MICL (myeloid inhibitory C‐type lectin‐like receptor), which we had shown using chimeric analysis to function as an inhibitory receptor. Using a novel MICL‐specific monoclonal antibody, we show here that human MICL is expressed primarily on myeloid cells, including granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Although MICL was highly N‐glycosylated in primary cells, the level of glycosylation was found to vary between cell types. MICL surface expression was down‐regulated during inflammatory/activation conditions in vitro, as well as during an in vivo model of acute inflammation, which we characterize here. This suggests that human MICL may be involved in the control of myeloid cell activation during inflammation.
Organotin Compounds as Reagents for the Synthesis of Lanthanoid Complexes by Redox Transmetallation Reactions
Authors: Beaini Samar , Deacon Glen B. , Hilder Matthias , Junk Peter C. , Turner David R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractRedox transmetallation reactions between trimethyltin compounds, SnMe3L [L = 3,5‐diphenylpyrazolate (Ph2pz), 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenolate (OAr), or C6F5] and lanthanoid metals have yielded [Ln(Ph2pz)2(DME)2] (Ln = Eu, Yb), [Ln(Ph2pz)3(DME)2] (Ln = Y, La, Nd, Eu), [Ln(Ph2pz)3(THF)3] (Ln = Nd, Sm), [Ln(Ph2pz)3(THF)2] (Ln = Y, Yb), [Sm(OAr)3(THF)], [Yb(OAr)2(THF)3], and [Yb(C6F5)2(THF)4] complexes in yields generally competitive with those from othermethods, and hexamethylditin. The crystal structures of [Nd(Ph2pz)3(DME)2]·DME, [Eu(Ph2pz)3(DME)2]·2DME, and [Sm(Ph2pz)3(THF)3]·3THF were determined. All have nine‐coordination of the lanthanoid atom and three η2‐Ph2pz ligands, the first two also having an η1‐ and an η2‐DME ligand and the last having three THF ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Study of the In Situ Postintercalative Polymerization of Metanilic Anions Intercalated in NiAl‐Layered Double Hydroxides under a Nitrogen Atmosphere
Authors: Wei Min , Tian Xiaofei , He Jing , Pu Min , Rao Guoying , Yang Heli , Yang Lan , Liu Tao , Evans David G. , Duan Xue 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA new route has been developed for preparing polyaniline (PANI) layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites through in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of metanilic anions (m‐NH2C6H4SO3–) intercalated in NiAl LDHs under a nitrogen atmosphere by using pre‐intercalated nitrate as an oxidizing agent. The interlayer space of NiAl LDHs has been used as an original nanoreactor for the in situ polymerization of the intercalated monomer. The whole process involves the synthesis of the precursor LDH [Ni2Al (OH)6(NO3)·nH2O], the intercalation of the monomer metanilic anions into the LDH and its in situ polymerization between the layers by thermal treatment under a nitrogen atmosphere. The interlayer polymerization reaction was monitored by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), mass spectrometry (MS), UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, in situ X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction (HT‐XRD) and in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The UV/Vis spectra provide evidence for the polymerization of the intercalated metanilic anions, and an increase in the interlayer distance from 16.0 to 17.2 Å is observed by HT‐XRD. It has been found by the in situ techniques that the pre‐intercalated nitrate anions act as the oxidizing agent that induces the polymerization of the interlayer monomer under a nitrogen atmosphere upon heating at 300 °C. The orientation of the interlayer polymerization product has also been proposed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Amine‐Intercalated Layered SnII Phosphates with Open‐Framework Structures
Authors: Ramaswamy Padmini , Natarajan Srinivasan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThree new SnII phosphate materials, [NH3(CH2)3NH2(CH2)2NH2(CH2)3NH3]·2[Sn2P2O8] (I), [(N2C5H14)2][Sn4P4O16]·3H2O (II) and [(N2C5H14)][Sn2P2O8]·H2O (III), have been synthesised by means of hydrothermal methods using N,N′‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)ethylenediamine (BAPEN; for I) and homopiperazine (H‐PIP; for II and III), respectively, as the structure‐directing organic amines. The solids I–III have layered architectures. The structures of all three compounds consist of strictly alternating vertex‐sharing trigonal‐pyramidal SnO3 and tetrahedral PO4 moieties forming infinite layers possessing apertures bound by 4‐ and 8‐T atoms (T = Sn, P). The distorted 4‐ and 8‐membered apertures within the layers suggest the subtle influence of the lone‐pair of electrons of SnII on the structure. The interlamellar space is occupied by the protonated organic amine molecules which interact with the framework through N–H···O hydrogen bonding. The compounds I–III bear some structural relationship to the layered zinc phosphite phases. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis and NLO Properties of 4‐(4H‐Chalcogenopyran‐4‐ylidene and 4H‐chalcogenochromen‐4‐ylidene)‐1‐(phenylthio)but‐2‐enylidene Complexes – Electronic Influence of the Carbene Fragment
Authors: Faux Nadège , Robin‐Le Guen Françoise , Le Poul Pascal , Caro Bertrand , Nakatani Keitaro , Ishow Eléna , Golhen Stéphane 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of 4‐(4H‐chalcogenopyran‐4‐ylidene and 4H‐chalcogenochromen‐4‐ylidene)‐1‐(phenylthio)but‐2‐enylidene complexes is described and their non‐linear optical (NLO) properties have been investigated (as μβ by EFISH). NMR studies and X‐ray crystallographic analyses show that the (phenylthio)carbene fragment has a better electron‐withdrawing capability than the methoxy analogues and, likewise, the corresponding thiocarbenes have a more significant pyrylium character. The μβ values of these complexes were obtained from EFISH experiments. The microscopic NLO response is sensitive to the nature of the intracyclic chalcogen atom, the nature of the metal centre and the benzo‐annulation of the heterocycle. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Encouraging Chromium(III) Ions to Form Larger Clusters: Syntheses, Structures, Magnetic Properties and Theoretical Studies of Di‐ and Octametallic Cr Clusters
Authors: Talbot‐Eeckelaers Caytie E. , Rajaraman Gopalan , Cano Joan , Aromí Guillem , Ruiz Eliseo , Brechin Euan K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractReaction of anhydrous CrCl2 with the tripodal ligands 1,1,1‐tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane (H3thme), 1,1,1‐tris(hydroxymethyl)propane (H3tmp) and pentaerythritol (H4peol) produces three new CrIII clusters that have been structurally and magnetically characterised. The dimeric complex [Cr2(H2tmp)2Cl4]·2MeOH (1·2MeOH) is generated under reflux. An analogous reaction, but under solvothermal conditions produces the octametallic species [Cr8O2(thme)2(Hthme)4Cl6]·2MeOH (2·2MeOH) and [Cr8O2(Hpeol)2(H2peol)4Cl6]·3MeOH (3·3MeOH). Complex 1 is a simple dimeric species whereas the structures of 2 and 3 are based on the decametallate {M10O28}26– ion. Variable‐temperature direct‐current (dc) magnetic susceptibility data were collected for complexes 1 and 2 in the 1.8–300 K temperature range in fields up to 5.0 T. Complex 1 has a ground state of S = 0 with the best‐fit parameters J = –12.30 ± 0.04 cm–1 and g = 1.990 ± 0.003. Electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) on 1 and 2 have been carried out and good agreement with the experimental data was found for 1. For 2, the theoretical results have been used as starting point to fit the J values to the experimental data, revealing the presence of competing antiferromagnetic (J4,7 = –39.0 cm–1; J3,7 = J4,6 = +1.1 cm–1, J4,5 = J3,4 = –20.0 cm–1, J3,6 = –16.0 cm–1 and J1,3 = J1,6 = J1,4 = J1,7 = –4.8 cm–1) exchange interactions between the CrIII centres that suggests a singlet ground state with very close S = 1, 2, 3 and 4 excited states. Magneto‐structural correlations developed on a model complex based on 1 show a strong dependence of J with Cr–O–Cr angle. A similar magneto‐structural correlation is found for the J values obtained by theoretical calculations on 2. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution and Titanocene‐Catalyzed Epoxypolyene Cyclization as a Powerful Tool for the Preparation of Terpenoids
Authors: Gansäuer Andreas , Justicia José , Rosales Antonio , Worgull Dennis , Rinker Björn , Cuerva Juan Manuel , Oltra Juan Enrique 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMany biologically active substances are composed of sesquiterpene units linked to aromatic structures, especially substituted phenols. Here, we describe an efficient synthetic approach to this class of natural product from commercially available substances in a short sequence. The key transformations involve allylic substitution reactions using a palladium or copper catalyst and titanocene‐catalyzed epoxypolyene cyclization reactions via radicals. The polycyclic core structures are accessed with high chemo‐ and stereocontrol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Isolated cervical esophageal reconstruction for rare esophageal tumors
Authors: Marin Vincent P. , Yu Peirong , Weber Randal S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground.Isolated defects in the cervical esophagus in patients who have not undergone total laryngectomy are uncommon. We report 2 cases of rare esophageal tumors requiring reconstruction of the cervical esophagus after tumor resection.Methods and Results.The patients were a 51‐year‐old woman with an esophageal granular cell tumor and a 54‐year‐old woman with an esophageal schwannoma. Both defects were reconstructed with a radial forearm flap. A small subclinical leak developed in 1 patient and healed spontaneously within 2 weeks. At 1 year and 2 years of follow‐up, both patients were consuming a normal diet and had normal voices.Conclusions.A thin and well‐vascularized flap such as the radial forearm flap is essential for reconstructing an isolated cervical esophageal defect so as to maximize functional outcome. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Finitely smooth solutions of nonlinear singular partial differential equations
Authors: Yoshino Masafumi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe solve a Fuchsian system of singular nonlinear partial differential equations with resonances. These equations have no smooth solutions in general. We show the solvability in a class of finitely smooth functions. Typical examples are a homology equation for a vector field and a degenerate Monge–Ampère equation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Eigenvalue asymptotics for a boundary problem involving an elliptic system
Authors: Faierman M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn a recent paper, Agranovich, Denk, and Faierman developed a method for deriving results pertaining to the eigenvalue asymptotics for scalar elliptic boundary problems involving a weight function under limited smoothness assumptions and under an ellipicity with parameter condition. Denk, Faierman, and Möller then used this method to extend the aforementioned results for the scalar case to the case of a homogeneous elliptic systems. However, the method of Agranovich et al. does not carry over to more general elliptic systems of Agmon–Douglis–Nirenberg type. By employing a different method, we are able to overcome this difficulty, and hence in this paper we derive results pertaining to the eigenvalue asymptotics for more general systems of Agmon–Douglis–Nirenberg type and under limited smoothness assumptions. Furthermore, our results not only subsume those of Denk et al., but are derived under much weaker smoothness assumptions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Real‐Time FTIR Monitoring of the Carbocationic Copolymerization of Isobutylene with Styrene
Authors: Puskas Judit E. , Chan Polly , McAuley Kimberley B. , Kaszas Gabor , Shaikh Sohel 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe carbocationic copolymerization of isobutylene (IB) and styrene (St) was investigated using real time FTIR monitoring. Depending on the concentration of the individual monomers, and their ratio in the feed, initial rapid monomer consumption was observed. Instantaneous reactivity ratios (rIB(inst) and rSt(inst)) obtained from apparent rate constants of monomer consumption strongly depended on concentration.
New Functional Diblock Copolymers Through Radical Addition of Mercaptans
Authors: Justynska Justyna , Hordyjewicz Zofia , Schlaad Helmut 
Published: July 2006

Abstract1,2‐Polybutadiene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide)s were prepared by anionic polymerization and were subsequently modified by radical addition of ω‐functional mercaptans (functional groups: carboxylic acid, amine, ethylene glycol, and fluorocarbon). The degree of functionalization of the products at full conversion of double bonds is 60–80%, and the molecular weight distribution is as narrow as that of the precursor polymer. The modified block copolymers are amphiphilic in nature and form complex aggregates in dilute aqueous solution.
HyperMacs. Long Chain Branched Analogues of Hyperbranched Polymers Prepared by the Polycondensation of AB2 Macromonomers
Authors: Hutchings Lian R. , Dodds Jonathon M. , Roberts‐Bleming Susan J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe describe here a new strategy for the synthesis of polymers with highly branched architectures. The strategy involves the synthesis by anionic polymerization of well‐defined AB2 polystyrene macromonomers with molecular weights from 3,600 to 94,000 gmol−1, which are then converted via a one‐pot polycondensation reaction into high molecular weight, long‐chain (hyper)branched architectures. Since the Hyperbranched structures are built up from condensation Macromonomers we have coined the term ‘HyperMac’ to describe these branched polymers. In this paper we report the synthesis of the HyperMacs, the optimal conditions for the polycondensation reaction and some preliminary characterization studies.
Kinetic Investigations of Self‐Condensing Group Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Simon Peter F. W. , Müller Axel H. E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHyperbranched methacrylates were synthesized by Self‐Condensing Group Transfer Polymerization (SCGTP) of 2‐(2‐methyl‐1‐triethylsiloxy‐1‐propenyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (MTSHEMA) and characterized by multi‐detector SEC as well as quantitative 13C‐NMR. Kinetic measurements revealed that side reactions limit the molecular weights and lower the polydispersity. A maximum degree of branching of DB ≈ 0.4 and a reactivity ratio, r = k A/k B = 18 ± 5, was determined.
Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization of Unconventional Monomers
Authors: Yagci Yusuf 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPhotoinitiated cationic polymerization of unconventional monomers namely, benzoxazines, monothiocarbonates and macromonomers of poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(ethylene oxide) is described. Ring opening polymerization of benzoxazines and thiocarbonates by direct and sensitized photoinitiation using onium salts was studied. The structures of the resulting polybenzoxazine were complex and related to the ring opening process of the protanated monomer either at through oxygen or nitrogen atoms. In the case of monothiocarbonate, the polymerization was accompanied with isomerization of thiocarbonate group. The potential use of macromonomers in photoiniated cationic polymerization to design complex macromolecular structures such as graft copolymers, water‐borne photoresist materials and networks with dangling chains was presented. Photoinduced oxidative polymerization of thiophene, precursor for conducting polymers, using onium salts was also demonstrated.
The determination of enantiomeric excess of valine by ODESSA solid‐state NMR experiment
Authors: Tadeusiak Elżbieta J. , Ciesielski Włodzimierz , Olejniczak Sebastian 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe enantiomeric excess (ee) can be determined by many methods; one among them is nuclear magnetic resonance in solid‐state (SS NMR). In this study we used the SS NMR ODESSA experiment for determination of the ee of valine. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence from ESR studies for [Co(η‐C2H4)3] produced at 77 K in a rotating cryostat
Authors: Hayton Lynda J. , Mile Brynmor , Timms Peter L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCo atoms were reacted with ethene at 77 K and the paramagnetic products studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) at X‐ and K‐bands. The ESR spectra of the major product at both frequencies showed eight cobalt multiplets (ICo= 7/2) indicating a mono‐cobalt complex. The spectra have orthorhombicgand cobalt hyperfine tensors and were simulated by the parameters;g1= 2.284,g2= 2.0027,g3= 2.1527;A1< − 25 MHz,A2= − 109 MHz,A3= − 198 MHz. Proton and13C (1% natural abundance) hyperfine couplings were lower than the line widths (<2 MHz) indicating less than 0.5 spin transfer to the ethene ligands. We assigned the spectrum to a Jahn—Teller‐distorted planar trigonal mono‐cobalt tris‐ethene [Co(η‐C2H4)3] complex inC2vsymmetry. The SOMO is either a 3dx2−y2(2a1) orbital in a T‐geometry or a 3dxy(b1) orbital in a Y‐geometry but there is only a spin density,a2, of 0.30 in these d orbitals. The spin deficiency of 0.70 is attributed to two factors; spin transfer from the Co to ethene π/π* orbitals and a 4p orbital contribution,b2, to the SOMO. Calculations ofa2andb2have been made at three levels of spin transfer, θ. At θ = 0.00a2is 0.23 andb2is 0.78, at θ = 0.25a2is 0.25 andb2is 0.52 and at θ = 0.50a2is 0.28 andb2is 0.23. The other possible assignment to a mono‐cobalt bis‐ethene complex [Co(η‐C2H4)2] cannot be discounted from the ESR data alone but is considered unlikely on other grounds. The complex is stable up to ∼220 K indicating a barrier to decomposition of ∼50 kJ Mol−1Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.