bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer of the gastric stump following distal gastrectomy for cancer
Authors: Ohashi M , Katai H , Fukagawa T , Gotoda T , Sano T , Sasako M 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Cancer of the gastric stump (CGS) after distal gastrectomy for cancer has not been characterized in a large study. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and outcome of CGS following distal gastrectomy for cancer.

Methods
Patients with CGS following distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer diagnosed between 1970 and 2002 were reviewed retrospectively.

Results
A total of 108 patients was identified. The median interval between the initial gastrectomy and resection for CGS was 7·5 (range 1–41) years. The depth of tumour invasion was T1 in 67 patients, T2 in 16, T3 in eight and T4 in 17 patients. Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed in 25 patients with T1 tumours. R0 resection was achieved in 103 patients. The overall 5-year survival rate was 53·1 per cent. The 5-year survival rates for patients with T1, T2, T3 and T4 disease were 76, 40, 13 and 9 per cent respectively.

Conclusion
The outcome for patients with non-early CGS was poor. Early detection of CGS is important following distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer and strict surveillance is recommended for at least 10 years after the initial gastrectomy.
Negative stress-coping strategies among novices in surgery correlate with poor virtual laparoscopic performance
Authors: Hassan I , Weyers P , Maschuw K , Dick B , Gerdes B , Rothmund M , Zielke A 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
This study explored the impact of habitual stress-coping strategies on the laparoscopic performance of novices in surgery using a virtual reality simulator.

Methods
The SVF78 stress-coping questionnaire was administered to 12 medical students in their final year of medical school (camera holders) and to 12 inexperienced surgical residents (postgraduate years 1–3). The questionnaire included devaluation during stressful situations, distractions from stressful situations, control over stressful reactions and negative coping strategies such as stress avoidance and need for social support. Assessment of laparoscopic dexterity was based on the results of performance on a virtual reality simulator. The variables of time taken to complete the task, errors and economy of motion were analysed, with a higher score indicating poor performance. Pearson and non-parametric Spearman correlations were used to compare the subjects' results on the SVF78 with those on the LapSim®.

Results
Time taken to complete the task correlated with high values in distractive stress-coping strategies (P = 0·002) and high values in negative stress-coping strategies (P = 0·042).

Conclusion
Ineffective stress-coping strategies correlate with poor virtual laparoscopic performance. The need for effective intraoperative stress-coping strategies is evident.
Laparoscopy as a routine approach for left lateral sectionectomy
Authors: Chang S , Laurent A , Tayar C , Karoui M , Cherqui D 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Since 1997, the authors have performed laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy of lesions of the liver in preference to open surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome.

Methods
Between October 1997 and March 2005, 36 laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomies were performed using five trocars and a small incision for specimen retrieval. Liver resection was performed mainly using a harmonic scalpel and staplers. The Pringle manoeuvre was used in 24 patients.

Results
The mean patient age was 55·2 (range 31–80) years. Twelve patients had underlying cirrhosis. Surgery was performed for 20 malignant lesions and 16 benign lesions with a mean size of 42·7 (range 5–110) mm. Conversion to laparotomy occurred in one patient. The mean operating time was 171·5 (range 90–240) min. Operatiing time and use of the Pringle manoeuvre were significantly decreased in the second half of the series. Mean blood loss was 208 (range 50–600) ml. No transfusion was required. There were no deaths. Two patients had postoperative complications (one incisional hernia and one pneumonia). The median postoperative stay was 5·2 days.

Conclusion
The laparoscopic approach to left lateral sectionectomy was safe and feasible in this series and could be considered as a routine approach in selected patients.
The metamerism potentiality of a color recipe
Authors: Peyvandi Shahram , Hossein Amirshahi Seyed 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe weighted spectrophotometric color matching method with the optimum weighting to the spectrophotometric equations in each particular wavelength proportional to the viewing condition is applied for minimizing the color difference of instrumental color formulation of textile materials. The work is based on the one‐constant Kubelka–Munk theory. The sensitivity of a recipe to small perturbation of deviation between the reflectance of target and matched samples in the visible spectrum is determined as the metamerism potentiality of proposed recipe. Its correlation with metamerism index was also studied for some metameric pairs. Metamerism potentialities are also appraised under several light sources by using equilibrate matching strategy. The results show that the outputs of colorimetric color matching are exactly identical with the weighted spectrophotometic match under the same viewing condition. According to the numerical results for matching of 58 target samples, there is a good statistical correlation between metamerism indices and the metamerism potentialities of each recipe. Our results show that the quantitative value of the metamerism potentiality of each recipe can reasonably predict the metamerism indices of applied formulation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 483–490, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20261
Reflection of light from semi‐infinite absorbing turbid media. Part 1: Spherical albedo
Authors: Kokhanovsky Alexander A. , Sokoletsky Leonid G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to study the accuracy of a number of simple approximate equations for the spherical albedo r (or the hemispherical reflectance under diffuse illumination conditions) of semi‐infinite light scattering absorbing media, using numerical solutions of the nonlinear integral equation for the reflection function of a semi‐infinite turbid medium, as formulated by V. A. Ambartsumian. We find that the van de Hulst approximation provides the most accurate approximation for the diffuse reflectance r under diffuse illumination conditions. The value of r depends almost exclusively on the value of the similarity parameter $s=\sqrt{(1-{\omega}_{0})(1-g{\omega}_{0})^{-1}}$, where ω0 is the single scattering albedo and g is the asymmetry parameter.A simple approach to derive the normalized absorption spectra of particulate matter from reflectance measurements is proposed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 491–497, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20262
Food groups and renal cell carcinoma: A case–control study from Italy
Authors: Bravi Francesca , Bosetti Cristina , Scotti Lorenza , Talamini Renato , Montella Maurizio , Ramazzotti Valerio , Negri Eva , Franceschi Silvia , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough nutrition and diet have been related to renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the role of specific foods or nutrients on this cancer is still controversial. We evaluated the relation between a wide range of foods and the risk of RCC in an Italian case–control study including 767 patients (494 men and 273 women) younger than 79 years with incident, histologically confirmed RCC, and 1,534 controls (988 men and 546 women) admitted to the same hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute, non‐neoplastic conditions, not related to long term diet modifications. A validated and reproducible food frequency questionnaire, including 78 foods and beverages, plus a separate section on alcohol drinking, was used to assess patients' dietary habits 2 years before diagnosis or hospital admission. Multivariate odds ratios (OR) were obtained after allowance for energy intake and other major confounding factors. A significant direct trend in risk was found for bread (OR = 1.94 for the highest versus the lowest intake quintile), and a modest excess of risk was observed for pasta and rice (OR = 1.29), and milk and yoghurt (OR = 1.27). Poultry (OR = 0.74), processed meat (OR = 0.64) and vegetables (OR = 0.65) were inversely associated with RCC risk. No relation was found for coffee and tea, soups, eggs, red meat, fish, cheese, pulses, potatoes, fruits, desserts and sugars. The results of this study provide further indications on dietary correlates of RCC, and in particular indicate that a diet rich in refined cereals and poor in vegetables may have an unfavorable role on RCC. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p73 gene promoter methylation in Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated gastric carcinoma
Authors: Ushiku Tetsuo , Chong Ja‐Mun , Uozaki Hiroshi , Hino Rumi , Chang Moon‐Sung , Sudo Makoto , Rani Barua Rita , Sakuma Kazuya , Nagai Hideo , Fukayama Masashi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo clarify the significance of p73 in Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated gastric carcinoma (GC), the immunohistochemical expression and CpG‐island methylation of p73 were evaluated in cancer tissues and adjacent nonneoplastic tissues of GC with and without EBV infection. Loss of p73 expression by immunohistochemistry was specific to EBV‐associated GC (11/13) compared to EBV‐negative GC (3/38), which was independent of abnormal p53 expression. With methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), the aberrant methylation of p73 exon 1 was similarly specific to EBV‐associated GC (12/13), and also rare in EBV‐negative GC (2/38). Bisulfite sequencing for p73 exon 1 and its 5′ region confirmed the MSP results, showing uniform and high‐density methylation in EBV‐associated GC. Comparative MSP analysis of p14, p16 and p73 methylation, using 20 cases each of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues of early GC with and without EBV infection, confirmed 2 types of methylation: global methylation with increased rates (p14 and p16) and specific methylation of p73 in EBV‐associated GC. In nonneoplastic mucosa, p14, p16 and p73 methylation occurred in both EBV‐associated (8/33, 6/34 and 3/38, respectively) and EBV‐negative GC (6/23, 4/35, and 1/35). p73 methylation was observed in the mucosa without H. pylori infection in all 4 samples. Loss of p73 expression through aberrant methylation of the p73 promoter occurs specifically in EBV‐associated GC, together with the global methylation of p14 and p16. A specific type of gastritis, prone to a higher grade of atrophy and p73 methylation, may facilitate the development of EBV‐associated GC. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Silibinin polarizes Th1/Th2 immune responses through the inhibition of immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells
Authors: Lee Jun Sik , Kim Sang Gap , Kim Hyung Keun , Lee Tae‐Hyung , Jeong Young‐Il , Lee Chang‐Min , Yoon Man‐Soo , Na Yong Jin , Suh Dong‐Soo , Park Nam Cheol , Choi In‐hak , Kim Gi‐Young , Choi Yung Hyun , Chung Hae Young , Park Yeong‐Min 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSilibinin is the primary active compound in silymarin. It has been demonstrated to exert anti‐carcinogenic effects and hepato‐protective effects. However, the effects of silibinin on the maturation and immunostimulatory activities exhibited by dendritic cells (DCs) remain, for the most part, unknown. In this study, we have attempted to determine whether silibinin can influence surface molecule expression, dextran uptake, cytokine production, capacity to induce T‐cell differentiation, and the signaling pathways underlying these phenomena in murine bone marrow‐derived DCs. Silibinin was shown to significantly suppress the expression of CD80, CD86, MHC class I, and MHC class II in the DCs, and was also associated with impairments of LPS‐induced IL‐12 expression in the DCs. Silibinin‐treated DCs proved highly efficient with regard to Ag capture via mannose receptor‐mediated endocytosis. Silibinin also inhibited the LPS‐induced activation of MAPKs and the nuclear translocation of the NF‐κB p65 subunit. Additionally, silibinin‐treated DCs evidenced an impaired induction of Th1 response, and a normal cell‐mediated immune response. These findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological functions of silibinin, especially with regard to their impact on the DCs. These findings expand our current understanding of the immunopharmacological functions of silibinin, and may prove useful in the development of therapeutic adjuvants for acute and chronic DC‐associated diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 385–397, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inter‐ and intraobserver variability in the evaluation of dynamic breast cancer MRI
Authors: Beresford Mark J. , Padhani Anwar R. , Taylor N. Jane , Ah‐See Mei‐Lin , Stirling J. James , Makris Andreas , d'Arcy James A. , Collins David J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPurposeTo quantify variations within and between observers ascribable to manual region of interest (ROI) placement in patients with breast cancer undergoing dynamic MRI.Materials and MethodsExpert and nonexpert observers independently outlined tumor ROIs on 30 dynamic T1‐weighted (T1W) MRI scans on five occasions over two months. Lesion size (number of pixels) and kinetic parameter estimates, including the transfer constant (Ktrans), were calculated for each ROI placement. Inter‐ and intraobserver variability was assessed with respect to the interval between drawings, lesion morphology, and observer experience.ResultsFor the nonexpert, the variability reduced with decreasing time intervals between ROI drawings (the coefficient of variance (wCV) values at two months, two weeks, one day, and same‐day time intervals were respectively 11.6%, 10.7%, 4.8%, and 2.6% for lesion size, and 8.9%, 9.7%, 6.7%, and 3.2% for Ktrans). For the expert observer, the variability was smaller overall and more constant, but improved for same‐day ROI placements (region size wCV: 7.5%, 6.2%, 7.1%, and 3.7%; Ktrans wCV: 5.4%, 5.3%, 5.6%, and 4.5%).ConclusionSignificant observer variability in manual ROI placement occurs in dynamic MRI of breast cancer. For serial patient studies, ROI placements should be outlined at the same sitting to minimize observer error. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ketogenic diet protects the hippocampus from kainic acid toxicity by inhibiting the dissociation of bad from 14‐3‐3
Authors: Noh Hae Sook , Kim Yoon Sook , Kim Young Hee , Han Jae Yoon , Park Chang Hwan , Kang Ahn Ki , Shin Hee Suk , Kang Sang Soo , Cho Gyeong Jae , Choi Wan Sung 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe ketogenic diet (KD) is often effective for intractable epilepsy, but its antiepileptic mechanisms remain largely unknown. Within the cell death/survival pathway, Akt and its downstream protein Bad play an important role in kainic acid (KA)‐induced cell death. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a KD on KA‐induced changes in the Akt/Bad/14‐3‐3 signaling pathway by evaluating Akt, Bad, 14‐3‐3, and cleaved caspase‐3 expression levels as well as their relative interactions. Our results showed that a KD did not affect the expression levels of Akt, Bad, Bcl‐xL, Bax, and 14‐3‐3 but increased phospho‐Akt [serine 473; p‐Akt (Ser473)] and phospho‐Bad [serine 136; p‐Bad (Ser136)] expression levels as well as decreased cleaved caspase‐3 levels following a KA‐induced seizure in the hippocampus. Furthermore, we found that a KD increased the protein–protein interaction between 14‐3‐3 and p‐Bad (Ser136), which might be phosphorylated by p‐Akt (Ser473), and decreased interaction of Bad and Bcl‐xL. These results suggest that a KD might protect, at least partially, the hippocampus from KA‐induced cell death via inhibiting the dissociation of Bad from 14‐3‐3. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revised statistical motor unit number estimation in the Celecoxib/ALS trial
Authors: Shefner J. M. , Cudkowicz M. E. , Zhang H. , Schoenfeld D. , Jillapalli D. ,   The Northeast ALS Consortium
Published: October 2006

AbstractTechniques to estimate motor unit number (MUNE) measure the number of functioning motor units in a muscle. As amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive motor unit loss, this disease offers an ideal setting for the use of MUNE. Statistical MUNE was employed in a recent multicenter trial of creatine in ALS, and was shown to be reliable, reproducible, and to decline with disease progression. However, motor unit amplitude stayed constant over 7 months, a finding believed to reflect an artifact of the method. The statistical method was revised to reflect more accurately the presence of larger motor units and employed in a 12‐month study of Celecoxib in ALS. MUNE declined by 49% in 12 months; however, motor unit amplitude again stayed constant over the same period. Statistical MUNE estimates motor unit number based on the variability of response to a repeated stimulus of constant strength, with an underlying assumption that this variability is due solely to the number of motor units responding in an intermittent manner. Based on studies showing that single motor units in ALS display excessive amplitude variability when stimulated repeatedly, we show that response variability in ALS patients is in large part due to single unit changes. Thus, we conclude that the statistical method is not an appropriate measure of motor unit number in any disease associated with motor unit instability. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Anabolic effects of a non‐myotoxic dose of the β2‐adrenergic receptor agonist clenbuterol on rat plantaris muscle
Authors: Burniston Jatin G. , McLean Lynn , Beynon Robert J. , Goldspink David F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrevious investigations of the effects of clenbuterol have used suprapharmacological doses that induce myocyte death, alter muscle phenotype, and do not approximate the proposed therapeutic dose for humans. Recently, we reported that smaller doses of clenbuterol induce muscle growth without causing myocyte death. In the present study we used histochemical and proteomic techniques to investigate the molecular effects of this dose. Male Wistar rats (n = 6, per group) were infused with saline or 10 μg/kg/day clenbuterol via subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps. After 14 days the animals' plantaris muscles were isolated for histochemical and proteomic analyses. Clenbuterol induced significant muscle growth with concomitant protein accretion and preferential hypertrophy of fast oxidative glycolytic fibers. Clenbuterol reduced the optical density of mitochondrial staining in fast fibers by 20% and the glycogen content of the muscle by 30%. Differential analysis of two‐dimensional gels showed that heat shock protein 72 and β‐enolase increased, whereas aldolase A, phosphogylcerate mutase, and adenylate kinase decreased. Only heat shock protein 72 has previously been investigated in clenbuterol‐treated muscles. The clenbuterol‐induced increase in muscle growth was concomitant with qualitative changes in the muscle's proteome that need to be considered when proposing therapeutic uses for this agent. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Genomic integration of oncogenic HPV and gain of the human telomerase gene TERC at 3q26 are strongly associated events in the progression of uterine cervical dysplasia to invasive cancer
Authors: Hopman AHN , Theelen W , Hommelberg PPH , Kamps MAF , Herrington CS , Morrison LE , Speel E‐JM , Smedts F , Ramaekers FCS 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecently proposed events associated with the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 to cervical carcinoma include integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) into the host genome, genomic instability, and an increase in chromosome 3q copy number. In particular, the gene coding for the RNA component of telomerase (TERC) at 3q26 has been implicated as a possible candidate gene. Since it is not known to date how these events are temporally related during cervical carcinogenesis, the aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between TERC gene copy number and the physical status of HPV during progression in cervical neoplasia. Solitary precursor lesions of the uterine cervix (CIN 2/3, n = 17), lesions associated with a micro‐invasive carcinoma (CIN 3&mCA, n = 13), and advanced invasive carcinomas (invCA, n = 7) were analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to determine the physical status of the virus and TERC gene copy number. The TERC gene was increasingly gained with progression of CIN 2/3 (3 of 17) through CIN 3&mCA (7 of 13) to invCA (5 of 7). In the lesions exhibiting gain of TERC, the virus was predominantly integrated. This was seen in eight of ten diploid lesions, indicating that these events can occur prior to aneuploidization and are strongly associated with the progression of CIN 3 to mCA and invCA (p < 0.001). With progression to carcinoma, a number of these lesions show polyploidization, resulting in aneuploidy and high TERC gene copy numbers. In conclusion, genomic integration of oncogenic HPV and gain of the human telomerase gene TERC appear to be important associated genetic events in the progression of uterine cervical dysplasia to invasive cancer. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of transmembrane proteins as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer by a screen for signal sequence encoding transcripts
Authors: Esseghir S , Reis‐Filho JS , Kennedy A , James M , O'Hare MJ , Jeffery R , Poulsom R , Isacke CM 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study demonstrates, through a combination of stringent screening methods and thorough validation, that it is possible to identify transmembrane proteins preferentially expressed in primary breast tumour cells. mRNA was extracted from tumour cells isolated from invasive breast cancers and it was then subtracted against normal breast tissue mRNA prior to the generation of a signal sequence‐trap library. Screening of the library identified 31 positive clones encoding 12 cell‐surface and 12 secreted proteins. The expression of a subset of transmembrane genes was then interrogated using a high‐throughput method (tissue microarray) coupled with cutting‐edge in situ techniques in a large cohort of patients who had undergone uniform adjuvant chemotherapy. Expression of CD98 heavy chain (CD98HC) and low‐level expression of the insulin‐like growth factor 2 receptor/mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor (IGF2R/M6PR) correlated with poor patient prognosis in the whole cohort. Expression of bradykinin receptor B1 (BDKRB1) and testis enhanced gene transcript (TEGT) correlated with good prognosis in woman with oestrogen receptor (ER)‐negative breast tumours. These results indicate that this combined approach of isolating primary tumour cells, generating a library to specifically isolate signal‐sequence‐containing transcripts, and in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays successfully identified novel prognostic markers (BDKRB1, CD98hc, and TEGT) and potential transmembrane therapeutic targets (CD98hc) in breast cancer. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.