bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why we are angry @them: A virtual ethnographic journey across the empathy wall towards deeper understandings of Dutch radical-right anger
Authors: Korstenbroek Timo 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Exclusionary populist radical-right sentiments have flooded liberal-democratic societies and their digital landscapes in recent decades. A key feat of such populism is nativism: the vehement opposition to non-native Others supposedly threatening the native majority’s national identity. Arguing for the importance of creating deep understandings in order to respond to the exclusionary nature of such nativism, this article builds on ethnographic research that engaged with the narratives of Dutch nativists active within an ever-more pertinent context: the virtual community. By acknowledging my own subjectivities that often contrasted sharply with those of my respondents, I ventured across what Hochschild calls the empathy wall to find moments of mutual recognition by extensively talking with and listening to my respondents. This approach, I argue, creates new insights into ways to understand and respond to nativist sentiments within liberal-democratic societies, and offers new understandings of the role digital media play for nativist supporters.
Research on multitask model of object detection and road segmentation in unstructured road scenes
Authors: Gao Chengfei , Zhao Fengkui , Zhang Yong , Wan Maosong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and computer vision technology, autonomous driving technology has become a hot area of concern. The driving scenarios of autonomous vehicles can be divided into structured scenarios and unstructured scenarios. Compared with structured scenes, unstructured road scenes lack the constraints of lane lines and traffic rules, and the safety awareness of traffic participants is weaker. Therefore, there are new and higher requirements for the environment perception tasks of autonomous vehicles in unstructured road scenes. The current research rarely integrates the target detection and road segmentation to achieve the simultaneous processing of target detection and road segmentation of autonomous vehicle in unstructured road scenes. Aiming at the above issues, a multitask model for object detection and road segmentation in unstructured road scenes is proposed. Through the sharing and fusion of the object detection model and road segmentation model, multitask model can complete the tasks of multi-object detection and road segmentation in unstructured road scenes while inputting a picture. Firstly, MobileNetV2 is used to replace the backbone network of YOLOv5, and multi-scale feature fusion is used to realize the information exchange layer between different features. Subsequently, a road segmentation model was designed based on the DeepLabV3+ algorithm. Its main feature is that it uses MobileNetV2 as the backbone network and combines the binary classification focus loss function for network optimization. Then, we fused the object detection algorithm and road segmentation algorithm based on the shared MobileNetV2 network to obtain a multitask model and trained it on both the public dataset and the self-built dataset NJFU. The training results demonstrate that the multitask model significantly enhances the algorithm’s execution speed by approximately 10 frames per scond while maintaining the accuracy of object detection and road segmentation. Finally, we conducted validation of the multitask model on an actual vehicle.
A cosmic glitch in gravity
Authors: Wen Robin Y. , Hergt Lukas T. , Afshordi Niayesh , Scott Douglas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigate a model that modifies general relativity on cosmological scales, specifically by having a `glitch' in the gravitational constant between the cosmological (super-horizon) and Newtonian (sub-horizon) regimes, as motivated e.g. in the Hořava-Lifshitz proposal or in the Einstein-aether framework. This gives a single-parameter extension to the standard ΛCDM model, which is equivalent to adding a dark energy component, but where the energy density of this component can have either sign. Fitting to data from the Planck satellite, we find that negative contributions are, in fact, preferred. Additionally, we find that roughly one percent weaker superhorizon gravity can somewhat ease the Hubble and clustering tensions in a range of cosmological observations, although at the expense of spoiling fits to the baryonic acoustic oscillation scale in galaxy surveys. Therefore, the extra parametric freedom offered by our model deserves further exploration, and we discuss how future observations may elucidate this potential cosmic glitch in gravity, through a four-fold reduction in statistical uncertainties.
2D asymmetric diffraction grating controlled by vortex light in double-Λ-type atomic system
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhang Duo , Zhao Kunpeng , Wang Mei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A two-dimensional (2D) asymmetric diffraction grating controlled by vortex light in a double-Λ-type atomic system is studied. Such an atomic system is driven by a weak traveling-wave probe field and a signal field, a position-dependent strong standing-wave (SW) control field, and a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) vortex field. Due to the asymmetric properties of the LG vortex field, the probe photons can be asymmetrically diffracted into four different domains after passing through the atomic media. The Diffraction patterns and intensities of the 2D asymmetric diffraction grating can be manipulated by the detuning of the probe field, the interaction length, and the intensity of SW control field. In addition, the relative phase and the azimuth parameter which is closely related to the vortex light also can be used to regulate the asymmetric diffraction grating effectively. This work may provide useful reference for optical information processing, especially for the design of optical beam dividers with desired intensities and novel quantum devices requiring asymmetric optical transmission.
Calibration system correction factor for measuring the reference air kerma rate (RAKR) applied to high dose rate 192Ir sources (HDR)
Authors: da Silva Douglas Batista , da Silva Ademir Xavier , Alves Carlos Frederico Estrada , Magalhaes Luis Alexandre Gonçalves 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to use computer simulation to analyze the impact of the aluminum fixing support on the Reference Air Kerma (RAK), a physical quantity obtained in a calibration system that was experimentally developed in the Laboratory of Radiological Sciences of the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (LCR-UERJ). Correction factors due to scattered radiation and the geometry of the 192Ir sources were also sought to be determined. The computational simulation was validated by comparing some parameters of the experimental results with the computational results. These parameters were: verification of the inverse square law of distance, determination of (RAKR), analysis of the source spectrum with and without encapsulation, and the sensitivity curve of the Sourcecheck 4PI ionization chamber response, as a function of the distance from the source along the axial axis, using the microSelectron-v2 (mSv2) and GammaMedplus (GMp) sources. Kerma was determined by activity in the Reference air, with calculated values of 1.725 × 10−3 U. Bq−1 and 1.710 × 10−3 U. Bq−1 for the ionization chamber NE 2571 and TN 30001, respectively. The expanded uncertainty for these values was 0.932% and 0.919%, respectively, for a coverage factor (k = 2). The correction factor due to the influence of the aluminum fixing support for measurements at 1 cm and 10 cm from the source was 0.978 and 0.969, respectively. The geometric correction factor of the sources was ksg = 1.005 with an expanded uncertainty of 0.7% for a coverage factor (k = 2). This value has a difference of approximately 0.2% compared to the experimental values.
Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics
Authors: Wang Hao , Pan Cheng-Feng , Li Chi , Menghrajani Kishan S , Schmidt Markus A , Li Aoling , Fan Fu , Zhou Yu , Zhang Wang , Wang Hongtao , Nair Parvathi Nair Suseela , Chan John You En , Mori Tomohiro , Hu Yueqiang , Hu Guangwei , Maier Stefan A , Ren Haoran , Duan Huigao , Yang Joel K W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities, enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena. Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from x-ray to radio frequencies and impact research activities and our daily lives. Traditional glass lenses are fabricated through a series of complex processes, while polymers offer versatility and ease of production. However, modern applications often require complex lens assemblies, driving the need for miniaturization and advanced designs with micro- and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication methods. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping, customized geometries, and efficient production, particularly suited for miniaturized optical imaging devices. Various 3D printing methods have demonstrated advantages over traditional counterparts, yet challenges remain in achieving nanoscale resolutions. Two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL), a nanoscale 3D printing technique, enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid resin. It offers unprecedented abilities, e.g. alignment-free fabrication, micro- and nanoscale capabilities, and rapid prototyping of almost arbitrary complex 3D nanostructures. In this review, we emphasize the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices, discuss material properties relevant to TPL, fabrication techniques, and highlight the application of TPL in optical imaging. As the first panoramic review on this topic, it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancements of TPL for imaging optics, promoting a deeper understanding of the field. By leveraging on its high-resolution capability, extensive material range, and true 3D processing, alongside advances in materials, fabrication, and design, we envisage disruptive solutions to current challenges and a promising incorporation of TPL in future optical imaging applications.
Colonial Designs
Authors: Sarkar Natasha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the ways in which scientists, colonial administrators, and doctors made sense of the disease and how the gradual de-emphasis of plague’s pathological reality gave way to debating mostly its social manifestations. It explores the tensions between metropole and colony in the framing of plague policy and examines the politics of policy-making over issues such as the prohibition of Hajj for the promotion of trade, corpse inspection, and land quarantine. Punjab offers a window to plague regulations at work in the mofussil areas vis-à-vis Bombay, while the special treatment meted out to hill stations and cantonments is most telling of the discriminatory nature of colonial plague policy. A section on financing the plague offers an indication of the scale and nature of expenses that were involved in conducting the plague campaign. The chapter demonstrates the multi-layered nature of the colonizing process through the lens of the pandemic.
Shifting Priorities
Authors: Sarkar Natasha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Well into the twentieth century, disinfection through moist heat, disinfectants, or desiccation was to continue as the weapon of choice against the plague, and this chapter surveys the various disinfection strategies and specially designed equipment that were introduced in different parts of India. Ever since its development, several alterations were also instituted in the method of manufacturing Haffkine’s protective vaccine. Haffkine was now assisted by a vast number of commissioned and subordinate medical officers and private practitioners—European and Indian—in introducing preventive inoculation. The chapter traces the infamous Mulkowal mishap of 1902 in Punjab, the subsequent action of securing the manufacturing process, its administration, and its implications for the future of vaccination. Other impactful and creative measures at educating the masses about modern methods of disease prevention through the use of travelling dispensaries and drama also get a mention in this chapter.
Desire That Amounts to Knowledge
Authors: Hazlett Allan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, it is argued that desires can amount to knowledge, in the same way that beliefs can amount to knowledge. This follows from two claims: that goodness is the accuracy condition for desire and that knowledge is apt mental representation. The latter general account of knowledge is explained and motivated, by appeal to the fact that it can explain what the various species of knowledge and understanding have in common. Cases of desire that amounts to knowledge are dubbed cases of “orectic knowledge,” and the ethical importance of orectic knowledge is discussed.
Irrational Desire
Authors: Hazlett Allan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, it is argued that desire is susceptible to deliberation, i.e. that desires can be formed through deliberation. This opens up the possibility of desires that are irrational, because (as it is argued here) a mental representation admits of irrationality only if it is susceptible to deliberation. Belief, for example, admits of irrationality, because it is susceptible to deliberation, but perceptual experience does not admit of irrationality, because it is not susceptible to deliberation. In defense of the claim that desire is susceptible to deliberation, a theory of “orectic deliberation”—i.e. deliberation about what to desire—and an account of reasoning about non-instrumental value are developed. Doxastic deliberation (deliberation about what to believe) and practical deliberation (deliberation about what to intend) are used as models for orectic deliberation, and the possibility of acedia (believing that something is good without desiring it) is considered as an objection to the possibility of successful orectic deliberation.
Imagination and the Sublime
Authors: Matherne Samantha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to clarify Kant’s account of what our imagination contributes to our aesthetic engagement with the sublime. Although Kant’s remarks might make it seem as if our imagination is only frustrated in the face of the sublime, the chapter argues that he uses his account of the sublime to articulate a distinctive kind of imaginative elevation. Central to this interpretation is the claim that in relation to the sublime, Kant maintains that our imagination serves as an instrument of reason by engaging in cognitively creative activities through which we treat extremely large and powerful objects as indirect exhibitions of the idea of the sublimity of our rational capacities. The chapter analyzes how our imaginative frustration and elevation operates in the case of both the mathematical and dynamical sublime.
The Possibility of Moral Imagination
Authors: Matherne Samantha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores reasons we might be skeptical that Kant countenances the possibility of a moral imagination on both textual grounds and grounds related to the commitments of his moral philosophy. However, it argues that Kant acknowledges a moral use of imagination, which we need to reconstruct. And it lays out the groundwork for the reconstruction offered here, which turns on applying Kant’s theory of imagination more generally to the practical domain. In particular, the chapter highlights the role that his account of imagination as a capacity that enables us to see more and imagination as the faculty of exhibition will play in this reconstruction of the use of our imagination vis-à-vis the faculty of desire and our pursuit of morality.
Conclusion
Authors: Matherne Samantha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the author’s systematic interpretation of Kant’s theory of imagination in light of two questions. The first question is what it is to imagine. It recapitulates the author’s argument to the effect that, for Kant, to imagine is to exercise a cognitive capacity that belongs to sensibility and that is tasked with mediating between sensibility and understanding. The second question is what use is it to imagine. Here the chapter references the author’s interpretation of Kant’s account of the theoretical use of imagination in ordinary perception and experience; the aesthetic use of imagination in our engagement with beauty, art, and sublimity; and the practical use of imagination in our pursuit of happiness and morality. It concludes with some considerations about why the Kantian theory of imagination is still of interest today.
The Nature of Theatre’s Empty Spaces
Authors: Bennett Michael Y 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The main idea in this chapter is that all of the properties of all characters and the theatrical worlds have to be located somewhere, even though most of those properties are not distinctly stated in the spoken words of a theatrical performance. Broadening the concept and use of subsumption past the way it is understood and used in philosophical semantics, where it is claimed that constituent parts are subsumed within a distinct whole, this chapter claims that many of the properties of a theatrical character and/or a theatrical world are subsumed within the text. It claims that there are three types of properties associated with theatrical characters and worlds: distinct properties, subsumed properties, and truthful properties.
The Impact of Monetary Incentives on Delay Discounting Within a Year-Long Physical Activity Intervention
Authors: Berardi Vincent , Phillips Christine B , McEntee Mindy L , Stecher Chad , Todd Michael , Adams Marc A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Delay discounting is the depreciation in a reward’s perceived value as a function of the time until receipt. Monetary incentive programs that provide rewards contingent on meeting daily physical activity (PA) goals may change participants’ delay discounting preferences.

Purpose
Determine if monetary incentives provided in close temporal proximity to meeting PA goals changed delay discounting, and if such changes mediated intervention effects.

Methods
Inactive adults (n = 512) wore accelerometers during a 12-month intervention where they received proximal monetary incentives for meeting daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) goals or delayed incentives for study participation. Delay discount rate and average MVPA were assessed at baseline, end of intervention, and a 24-month follow-up. Using structural equation modeling, we tested effects of proximal versus delayed rewards on delay discounting and whether any changes mediated intervention effects on MVPA. PA self-efficacy was also evaluated as a potential mediator, and both self-efficacy and delay discounting were assessed as potential moderators of intervention effects.

Results
Proximal rewards significantly increased participants’ delay discounting (β = 0.238, confidence interval [CI]: −0.078, 0.380), indicating greater sensitivity to reinforcement timing. This change did not mediate incentive-associated increases in MVPA at the end of the 12-month intervention (β = −0.016, CI: −0.053, 0.019) or at a 24-month follow-up (β = −0.020, CI: −0.059, 0.018). Moderation effects were not found.

Conclusions
Incentive-induced increases in delay discounting did not deleteriously impact MVPA. This finding may help assuage concerns about using monetary incentives for PA promotion, but further research regarding the consequences of changes in delay discounting is warranted.
Evaluation of mandibular growth in a prepubertal Class I and Class II population: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Pozzan Lucia , Guerra Denis , Ulian Giulia , Checchin Giorgia , Di Lenarda Roberto , Contardo Luca 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Objective
This study aims to identify the presence, timing, and magnitude of a prepubertal mandibular growth spurt in a Class I and Class II population.

Methods
From the Burlington and Iowa Growth study of the AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection, 83 Class I subjects (37 females and 46 males) and 32 Class II subjects (18 males and 14 females) were identified, as having at least seven consecutive annual lateral cephalograms taken from 5 to 11 years of age. Only subjects with a normodivergent facial pattern were considered. A customized cephalometric analysis was performed, and total mandibular length, defined as the distance between Condylion (Co) and Gnathion (Gn), was calculated.

Results
Overall, a significant early peak of mandibular growth was present in all the subjects analysed both in Class I (4.69 mm for males and 4.18 mm for females; P &lt; .05) and in Class II (5.85 mm for males and 4.05 mm for females; P &lt; .05). No differences between males and females were found for the timing of this peak (7 years for Class I and Class II females and 7 years for Class I and 6.5 years for Class II males). In males, a significantly larger peak was observed in Class II than Class I subjects (P = .007).

Limitations
The main limitations of this study were the impossibility of using a suitable growth indicator to identify the timing of the early mandibular growth peak and the limited Class II records retrievable.

Conclusion
This investigation suggests that a prepubertal mandibular growth peak is consistently present in both Class I and Class II males and females of clinically significant magnitude. Despite that, chronological age confirms to be unsuitable to identify this peak.
Teaching preservice teachers to do research: an action research study
Authors: Nguyen Ha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This action research (AR) study explored how research instruction was integrated in a sociolinguistics course for preservice language teachers at a US university. Data collected from two research cycles included surveys, student work, students’ free-writing, teacher journals, and student interviews. This article focuses on how AR informed the course structure and what preservice teachers gained. Findings suggested that research instruction positively influenced how teacher trainees thought about, felt about, and pursued research (cognitive, affective, and behavioral changes). They also reported gains in knowledge and skills that could be useful for their future career and/or studies. Implications from this study can inform other educators who strive to develop students’ research skills in a non-research focused class.