bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone regeneration in dehiscence‐type defects at non‐submerged and submerged chemically modified (SLActive®) and conventional SLA titanium implants: an immunohistochemical study in dogs
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Sager Martin , Ferrari Daniel , Herten Monika , Wieland Marco , Becker Jürgen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone regeneration in dehiscence‐type defects at non‐submerged and submerged titanium implants with chemically modified (mod) and conventional sandblasted/acid‐etched (SLA) surfaces.Material and Methods: Standardized buccal dehiscence defects were surgically created following implant site preparation in both the upper and lower jaws of 12 beagle dogs. Both types of implants were randomly assigned to either a non‐submerged or a submerged healing procedure. After 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, dissected blocks were processed for histomorphometrical [e.g. new bone height (NBH), per cent linear fill (PLF), percentage of bone to implant contact (BIC‐D), area of new bone fill (BF)] and immunohistochemical analysis.Results: At 8 weeks, non‐submerged and submerged SLA implants revealed significantly lower mean NBH (1.1±0.8–1.9±1.2 mm), PLF (27.7±20.3–46.0±28.5%), BIC‐D (26.8±10.4–46.2±16.2%), and BF (1.3±0.9–3.4±2.8 mm2) values than respective modSLA implants [NBH (2.6±0.8–4.3±0.1 mm), PLF (64.2±19.4–107.2±4.7%), BIC‐D (67.5±18.8–82.1±14.8%), BF (2.9±1.0–6.7±1.1 mm2)]. Within modSLA groups, significantly highest BF values were observed at submerged implants.Conclusion: It was concluded that (i) modSLA titanium surfaces promoted bone regeneration in acute‐type buccal dehiscence defects and (ii) a submerged healing procedure improved the outcome of healing additionally.
Effect of platelet‐rich plasma on the healing of intrabony defects treated with an enamel matrix protein derivative and a natural bone mineral
Authors: Döri Ferenc , Nikolidakis Dimitris , Húszár Tamás , Arweiler Nicole B. , Gera István , Sculean Anton 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground: Regenerative periodontal surgery utilizing a combination of an enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) and a natural bone mineral (NBM) and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to enhance the outcomes of regenerative surgery significantly. At present, it is unknown whether root conditioning with EMD, followed by defect fill with a combination of NBM+PRP may additionally enhance the clinical results obtained with EMD+NBM.Aim: To compare clinically the treatment of deep intrabony defects with either EMD+NBM+PRP or EMD+NBM.Material and Methods: Twenty‐six patients suffering from advanced chronic periodontitis, and each of whom displayed one advanced intrabony defect were randomly treated with either EMD+NBM+PRP (test) or EMD+NBM (control). The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 year after treatment: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL). The primary outcome variable was CAL.Results: Healing was uneventful in all patients. At 1 year after therapy, the test sites showed a reduction in mean PD from 8.8±1.9 mm to 3.1±0.9 mm ( p<0.001) and a change in mean CAL from 10.8±2.0 mm to 6.0±1.5 mm ( p<0.001). In the control group the mean PD was reduced from 8.8±2.0 mm to 2.8±1.6 mm ( p<0.001) and the mean CAL changed from 10.5±1.6 mm to 5.5±1.4 mm ( p<0.001). CAL gains of 4 mm were measured in 77% (i.e. in 10 out of 13 defects) of the cases treated with EMD+NBM+PRP and in 100% (i.e. in all 13 defects) treated with EMD+NBM. No statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed between the two groups.Conclusions: Within its limits, the present study has shown that (i) 1 year after regenerative surgery, both treatments resulted in statistically significant PD reductions and CAL gains and (ii) the use of PRP failed to enhance the results obtained with EMD+NBM.
Impact of local and systemic factors on the incidence of failures up to abutment connection with modified surface oral implants
Authors: Alsaadi Ghada , Quirynen Marc , Michiles Katleen , Teughels Wim , Komárek Arnošt , Van Steenberghe Daniel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAim: This study aimed to assess the influence of systemic and local bone and intra‐oral factors on the occurrence of early TiUnite™ implant failures.Material and Methods: A total of 283 consecutive patients (187 females; mean age 56.2), who received a total of 720 TiUnite™ implants, at the Department of Periodontology of the University Hospital of the Catholic University of Leuven, were prospectively followed.The following aspects were particularly assessed: hypertension, cardiac problems, gastric problems, osteoporosis, hypo‐ or hyperthyroid, hypercholesterolaemia, asthma, diabetes types I or II, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, chemotherapy, hysterectomy and intake of medication (antidepressants, steroids, hormone replacement), radiotherapy of the concerned area, breach of sterility during surgery, implant parameters, bone (quality, quantity, dehiscence or perforation), type of edentulism, antibiotics prescription, fenestration of the implant in the sinus/nasal cavity, immediate implant placement, apical lesion detection and insertion torque.Results and Conclusion: A global failure rate of 1.9% was recorded. Owing to the very few failures, no definitive conclusion concerning statistical significance can be achieved. However, a tendency for more failures was noticed for apical lesions, vicinity with natural dentition, smoking, hormone replacement, gastric problems, Crohn's disease, diabetes I and radical hysterectomy.
When choice in retirement decisions is missing: Qualitative and quantitative findings of impact on well‐being
Authors: Quine Susan , Wells Yvonne , De Vaus David , Kendig Hal 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:  To explore the importance of choice in retirement decisions for subsequent well‐being. Methods:  A sequential ‘mixed methods’ strategy using qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (prospective panel survey) methods was adopted. Eleven focus groups were conducted and transcripts were analysed for themes. The panel study (n = 601) comprised mature‐age employees who retired or were made redundant in 1998–1999 and were followed up for three years post‐retirement.Results:  The findings of the qualitative and quantitative studies were congruent. The qualitative study identified a sense of choice as central to understanding how people adjust to the retirement transition, and the quantitative study confirmed that choice was a strong, consistent predictor of several health and well‐being outcomes and identified predictors of having a sense of choice in retirement. Conclusion:  Enabling retirees to retain a sense of choice and control is very important to well‐being immediately after retirement and up to three years later.
Genome‐wide Expression Profiling in Seedlings of the Arabidopsis Mutant uro that is Defective in the Secondary Cell Wall Formation
Authors: Yuan Zheng , Yao Xuan , Zhang Dabing , Sun Yue , Huang Hai 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Plant secondary growth is of tremendous importance, not only for plant growth and development but also for economic usefulness. Secondary tissues such as xylem and phloem are the conducting tissues in plant vascular systems, essentially for water and nutrient transport, respectively. On the other hand, products of plant secondary growth are important raw materials and renewable sources of energy. Although advances have been recently made towards describing molecular mechanisms that regulate secondary growth, the genetic control for this process is not yet fully understood. Secondary cell wall formation in plants shares some common mechanisms with other plant secondary growth processes. Thus, studies on the secondary cell wall formation using Arabidopsis may help to understand the regulatory mechanisms for plant secondary growth. We previously reported phenotypic characterizations of an Arabidopsis semi‐dominant mutant, upright rosette (uro), which is defective in secondary cell wall growth and has an unusually soft stem. Here, we show that lignification in the secondary cell wall in uro is aberrant by analyzing hypocotyl and stem. We also show genome‐wide expression profiles of uro seedlings, using the Affymetrix GeneChip that contains approximately 24 000 Arabidopsis genes. Genes identified with altered expression levels include those that function in plant hormone biosynthesis and signaling, cell division and plant secondary tissue growth. These results provide useful information for further characterizations of the regulatory network in plant secondary cell wall formation.
Elevated Activity and Microglial Expression of Myeloperoxidase in Demyelinated Cerebral Cortex in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gray Elizabeth , Thomas Taya L. , Betmouni Samar , Scolding Neil , Love Seth 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRecent studies have revealed extensive cortical demyelination in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Demyelination in gray matter lesions is associated with activation of microglia. Macrophages and microglia are known to express myeloperoxidase (MPO) and generate reactive oxygen species during myelin phagocytosis in the white matter. In the present study we examined the extent of microglial activation in the cerebral cortex and the relationship of microglial activation and MPO activity to cortical demyelination. Twenty‐one cases of neuropathologically confirmed multiple sclerosis, with 34 cortical lesions, were used to assess microglial activation. HLA‐DR immunolabeling of activated microglia was significantly higher in demyelinated MS cortex than control cortex and, within the MS cohort, was significantly greater within cortical lesions than in matched non‐demyelinated areas of cortex. In homogenates of MS cortex, cortical demyelination was associated with significantly elevated MPO activity. Immunohistochemistry revealed MPO in CD68‐positive microglia within cortical plaques, particularly toward the edge of the plaques, but not in microglia in adjacent non‐demyelinated cortex. Cortical demyelination in MS is associated with increased activity of MPO, which is expressed by a CD68‐positive subset of activated microglia, suggesting that microglial production of reactive oxygen species is likely to be involved in cortical demyelination.
Action of Disinfectants on Canine Coronavirus Replication In Vitro
Authors: Pratelli A. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryCanine coronavirus (CCoV) is responsible for enteric disease in pups. Infected dogs generally have a rapid recovery, so the virus is highly contagious and the spread of infection is difficult to control. Chemical disinfectants have been widely used in human disease‐control programmes to prevent viral infectious diseases from spreading, but to date, there are no studies in the literature on the sensitivity of CCoV to chemical biocides. The present study investigated the sensitivity of CCoV to disinfectants currently used for prophylaxis in kennel and dog breeding locations. The effects of three agents: alkyl‐dimethyl‐benzyl‐ammonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride and didecyl‐dimethyl‐ammonium chloride, on the infectivity titre of CCoV in A72 cell lines, were studied at different concentrations. Although they may regard a small number of agents, the findings showed that the sensitivity of CCoV to disinfectants varies and the differences are dose correlated. In general, virus inactivation implies a permanent loss of infectivity which can be evaluated in suspensions and hand disinfection tests.
Significant effect of hepatitis C virus specific CTLs on viral clearance in patients with type C chronic hepatitis treated with antiviral agents
Authors: Satake Shinichi , Nagaki Masahito , Kimura Kiminori , Naiki Takafumi , Hayashi Hideki , Sugihara Junichi , Tomita Eiichi , Moriwaki Hisataka 
Published: November 2007

Aim:  To evaluate the correlation between hepatitis C virus (HCV) specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and viral clearance in antiviral treated patients, we examined the number and function of HCV epitope‐specific CTLs and the viral load in 12 HLA‐A2‐positive patients with chronic hepatitis C, after undergoing interferon therapy.Methods:  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28 of undergoing antiviral therapies. To investigate the quantity of the antigen specific CTLs, CD8‐positive T cells were isolated using microbeads and were stained for HLA‐A*0201 tetramers. To investigate the function of CTLs, PBMC were stimulated with the same synthetic epitope peptides and analyzed to determine their interferon (IFN)‐γ expression.Results:  In seven patients, HCV‐RNA became undetectable 4 weeks after antiviral therapies (EVR), but five patients were non‐responders (NR). In peptide NS3 1406 on day 3 and day 7 of therapy and in NS3 1073 on day 3 of therapy, the level of IFN‐γ expression on CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in the EVR group than in the NR group. In other peptides, the number of and cytokine production from the CTLs in the EVR group were also higher than in the NR group, but not significantly.Conclusion:  After antiviral therapy, analysis of the number and function of antigen‐specific CTLs in the early phase was thus found to be useful for predicting viral clearance in chronic hepatitis C patients.
Novel Chimeric Genotype 1b/2a Hepatitis C Virus Suitable for High-Throughput Screening
Authors: Zhang Yingjia , Weady Peter , Duggal Rohit , Hao Weidong 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

A major obstacle in hepatitis C virus (HCV) research has been the lack of a permissive cell culture system that produces infectious viral particles. Significant breakthroughs have been achieved lately in establishing such culture systems. Yet to date, there are no reports of the applications of any of these systems in HCV drug screening. Here, we report the generation of two monocistronic, chimeric genotype 1 full-length HCV genome molecules. These molecules, C33J-Y835C-UBI and C33J-Y835C-FMDV2A, both contain the structural protein region from genotype 1 (subtype 1b, Con1) and the remaining region from the genotype 2a (JFH1) clone. Both contain the humanized
Renilla
luciferase reporter gene which is separated from the rest of the HCV open reading frame by two different cleavage sites. The viral RNAs replicated efficiently in transfected cells. Viral particles produced were infectious in naïve Huh7.5 cells, and the infectivity could be blocked by monoclonal antibody against a putative HCV entry cofactor, CD81. A pilot high-throughput screen of 900 unknown compounds was executed by both the genotype 2a subgenomic replicon system and the infectious system. Thirty-one compounds were identified as hits by both systems, whereas 78 compounds were identified as hits only for the infectious system, suggesting that the infectious system is capable of identifying inhibitors targeting the viral structural proteins and steps involving them in the viral life cycle. The infectious HCV system developed here provides a useful and versatile tool which should greatly facilitate the identification of HCV inhibitors currently not identified by the subgenomic replicon system.
Genome-Scale Genotype-Phenotype Matching of Two
Lactococcus lactis
Isolates from Plants Identifies Mechanisms of Adaptation to the Plant Niche
Authors: Siezen Roland J. , Starrenburg Marjo J. C. , Boekhorst Jos , Renckens Bernadet , Molenaar Douwe , van Hylckama Vlieg Johan E. T. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

Lactococcus lactis
is a primary constituent of many starter cultures used for the manufacturing of fermented dairy products, but the species also occurs in various nondairy niches such as (fermented) plant material. Three genome sequences of
L. lactis
dairy strains (IL-1403, SK11, and MG1363) are publicly available. An extensive molecular and phenotypic diversity analysis was now performed on two
L. lactis
plant isolates. Diagnostic sequencing of their genomes resulted in over 2.5 Mb of sequence for each strain. A high synteny was found with the genome of
L. lactis
IL-1403, which was used as a template for contig mapping and locating deletions and insertions in the plant
L. lactis
genomes. Numerous genes were identified that do not have homologs in the published genome sequences of dairy
L. lactis
strains. Adaptation to growth on substrates derived from plant cell walls is evident from the presence of gene sets for the degradation of complex plant polymers such as xylan, arabinan, glucans, and fructans but also for the uptake and conversion of typical plant cell wall degradation products such as α-galactosides, β-glucosides, arabinose, xylose, galacturonate, glucuronate, and gluconate. Further niche-specific differences are found in genes for defense (nisin biosynthesis), stress response (nonribosomal peptide synthesis and various transporters), and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, as well as the expected differences in various mobile elements such as prophages, plasmids, restriction-modification systems, and insertion sequence elements. Many of these genes were identified for the first time in
Lactococcus lactis
. In most cases good correspondence was found with the phenotypic characteristics of these two strains.
Existence of Abnormal Protein Aggregates in Healthy
Escherichia coli
Cells
Authors: Maisonneuve Etienne , Fraysse Laetitia , Moinier Danielle , Dukan Sam 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

Protein aggregation is a phenomenon observed in all organisms and has often been linked with cell disorders. In addition, several groups have reported a virtual absence of protein aggregates in healthy cells. In contrast to previous studies and the expected outcome, we observed aggregated proteins in aerobic exponentially growing and “healthy”
Escherichia coli
cells. We observed overrepresentation of “aberrant proteins,” as well as substrates of the major conserved chaperone DnaK (Hsp70) and the protease ClpXP (a serine protease), in the aggregates. In addition, the protein aggregates appeared to interact with chaperones known to be involved in the aggregate repair pathway, including ClpB, GroEL, GroES, and DnaK. Finally, we showed that the levels of reactive oxygen species and unfolded or misfolded proteins determine the levels of protein aggregates. Our results led us to speculate that protein aggregates may function as a temporary “trash organelle” for cellular detoxification.
Epstein–Barr virus and Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Brady G , MacArthur G J , Farrell P J 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy with endemic, sporadic and immunodeficiency-associated variants. It has been known for many years that the fundamental transforming event in BL is the translocation of the MYC gene, and the events that bring about this translocation and those that allow cells to survive with the constitutive expression of MYC have been the subject of intense investigation. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, malaria, immunodeficiency and spontaneous, somatic mutation can all contribute to the origin and maintenance of this cancer and their mechanisms are the subject of this review.
Metaphor and the Logicians from Aristotle to Cajetan
Authors: Ashworth E. Jennifer 
Published: November 2007

AbstractI examine the treatment of metaphor by medieval logicians and how it stemmed from their reception of classical texts in logic, grammar, and rhetoric. I consider the relation of the word 'metaphor' to the notions of translatio and transumptio, and show that it is not always synonymous with these. I also show that in the context of commentaries on the Sophistical Refutations metaphor was subsumed under equivocation. In turn, it was linked with the notion of analogy not so much in the Greek sense of a similarity between two proportions or relations as in the new medieval sense of being said secundum prius et posterius. Whether or not analogy could be reduced to metaphor, or the reverse, depended on the controversial issue of the number of acts of imposition needed to produce an equivocal term. A spectrum of views is canvassed, including those found in the logic commentaries of John Duns Scotus.
The application of short-term adaptive forecasting techniques in energy management for the control of electrical load
Authors: McDonald J.R. , Lo K.L. , Sherwood P.M. 
Published: November 2007

The philosophy of Energy Management has been developed in order to improve operational and economic efficiencies in the supply of electrical energy at the times of peak demands. These peaks last for only a short time and are costly for the supply authority. Energy Management attempts to shift the use of electrical energy from the times of peak demand to those times where the level of the load is relatively low. There are two distinct divisions within Energy Management which fulfil this requirement: indirect and direct load control. First, through the pricing of electricity, large industrial and commercial consumers can react indirectly in response to pre-published tariffs or to spot prices. Second, the supply authority could employ direct control of suitable domestic appliances. This would require a communications facility between the supplier and the consumer terminal equipment which could be remotely controlled. This paper analyses and simulates the effects of the introduction of a direct load-control strategy. The load to be controlled would be domestic appliances which are modelled by employing a stochastic approach. This would identify the available level of controllable load at any time of the day. The principal effects of Energy Management are the improvement of system load factors and the reduction of peak loads, thus improving the supply economies and efficiencies. For the consumer, Energy Management could reduce the energy costs for domestic customers with minimal inconvenience, provided that the control strategy is chosen with care. The paper presents an adaptive-time-series model for short-term load forecasting and incorporates the appliance models in order to estimate the expected response of the domestic load to transmitted control signals. Simulations of simple control strategies are presented showing the avoidance of potentially difficult conditions of simultaneous reconnection of the controlled load.
Towards a general procedure for dynamic model development
Authors: Foss A.M. 
Published: November 2007

Offering a modelling and simulation has resulted in supplying models of various types in various application areas, for numerous purposes and to many clients. To provide this service cost-effectively, it is highly desirable to idendtify patterns so that a general procedure for model development may be derived. It is useful to look at the related, but more mature, discipline of software engineering in which a development procedure involving a number of distinct tasks has been identified. Taking a simple example of a hydraulically controlled gangway, the analogy between modelling and software development is explored. The result of this comparison is the division of model development into a set of analogous tasks, and the organisation of these tasks into a development procedure. This procedure highlights the need for a document detailing the model purpose, top-level design, equations derivation strategy and validation strategy. Validation is defined as the process of gaining confidence that the model fulfils its purpose, as distinct from verification, that the equations have been implemented correctly, and matching, fitting of simulated data to measured data.