bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability analysis to identify improved lines of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonolobaL. Taub.)
Authors: Mishra Smaranika , A.V.V. Koundinya , T.S. Aghora , M. Senthil Kumar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo select a stable and best-performing cluster bean line over seasons, an experiment was carried out using five shortlisted advanced breeding lines of vegetable cluster bean in randomized block design with four replications inKharifandSummerseasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru. Additive mean effect and multiplicative interaction analysis of variation indicated a significant genotype and environment (G × E) interaction for all the traits. A high environment effect of 33.73% of the total sum of squares was observed for the trait pods per cluster followed by yield per hectare, single pod weight, pods per plant and clusters per plant. The first two interactive principal component axes (IPCA) cumulatively contributed 87.9, 97.3, 94.6, 98.6 and 85.6% variations for yield per hectare, number of clusters per plant, pods per plant, pods per cluster and single pod weight, respectively, leaving a small but significant amount of variation in the third IPCA. A mean versus weighted average of absolute score (WAAS) biplot indicated that genotype IIHRCB 26-2-1 is stable and best for the trait clusters per plant (>20 clusters/plant) while, IIHRCB 22-1-1 is superior and stable (WAAS mean nearly 0.00) for pods per cluster with >5 pods/cluster, pods per plant with >90 pods/plant, single pod weight with >3.0 g and yield per hectare around 24 t/ha. For all the environments, genotype IIHRCB 22-1-1 was found ‘all-time winner’ for yield per hectare and single pod weight. Based on multitrait stability index, IIHRCB 22-1-1 was found the best performer and the most stable genotype.
Is wearing these sunglasses an attack? Obligations under IHL related to anti-AI countermeasures
Authors: Kwik Jonathan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs usage of military artificial intelligence (AI) expands, so will anti-AI countermeasures, known as adversarials. International humanitarian law offers many protections through its obligations in attack, but the nature of adversarials generates ambiguity regarding which party (system user or opponent) should incur attacker responsibilities. This article offers a cognitive framework for legally analyzing adversarials. It explores the technical, tactical and legal dimensions of adversarials, and proposes a model based on foreseeable harm to determine when legal responsibility should transfer to the countermeasure's author. The article provides illumination to the future combatant who ponders, before putting on their adversarial sunglasses: “Am I conducting an attack?”
Degrowth: a path to transformative solutions for socio-ecological sustainability
Authors: Islar Mine , Koch Max , Raphael Riya , Paulsson Alexander 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Non-technical summary
Engaging with economic questions is crucial for sustainability science to maintain its transformative potential. By recognizing the impact of continuous economic growth on environmental problems, the concept of degrowth proposes a practical approach to achieving sustainability. It urges experts in sustainability to think carefully about the impacts of economic growth, echoing recent scientific findings that question the need for endless growth. Therefore, this article highlights the potential of degrowth as a transformative approach that can expand capacities necessary for socio-ecological sustainability.

Technical summary
This article highlights the potential of degrowth as a transformative approach that can expand capacities necessary for socio-ecological sustainability. By addressing economic growth as a fundamental driver of unsustainability, degrowth offers a concrete pathway toward achieving sustainable outcomes. It calls for sustainability scientists to explicitly consider the role of economic growth, aligning with recent scientific assessments that support a critical stance on growth. Although degrowth and sustainability share common goals such as respecting biocapacity and equitable distribution of ecological budgets, degrowth approaches differ by placing emphasis on national and local solutions and exploring aspects such as technology, time, work, commodity, and property. Engaging with economic questions is crucial for sustainability science to maintain its transformative potential. Growth-critical perspectives such as degrowth and post-growth have the potential to propel sustainability discourses into new, more impactful realms of development.

Social media summary
Engaging with economic questions is crucial for sustainability science to maintain its transformative potential. Degrowth proposes a practical approach for achieving sustainability.
Long‐Term Variability of Mean Winds and Planetary‐Scale Waves Around Venusian Cloud Top Observed With Akatsuki/UVI
Authors: Horinouchi Takeshi , Kouyama Toru , Imai Masataka , Murakami Shin‐ya , Lee Yeon Joo , Yamazaki Atsushi , Yamada Manabu , Watanabe Shigeto , Imamura Takeshi , Peralta Javier , Satoh Takehiko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSince December 2015, Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) onboard Akatsuki has been observing Venus clouds at the wavelengths of 283 and 365 nm. Horizontal winds near the cloud top derived from the UVI images over ∼7 earth years are analyzed to elucidate spatial and temporal variability of the superrotation and planetary‐scale waves. Zonal winds averaged over the analysis period are asymmetric with respect to the equator, being faster in the southern hemisphere. This asymmetry varied temporarily and was occasionally reverted. Comparison of the winds from the two wavelengths suggests that it is uncertain whether the asymmetry is in the wind distribution or in the sensing altitude for winds. Mean zonal winds representing the superrotation exhibited broad low‐frequency variability with spectra resembling the red noise spectra. This is indicative of the presence of internal variability rather than responses to periodical external forcing. Planetary‐scale waves with zonal‐wavenumber 1 at periods around 4 and 5 days, which have been interpreted as equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves, respectively, are quantified. While the ∼5‐day waves have nearly constant frequencies, the ∼4‐day waves have variable phase speeds that follow the superrotation speed. This result indicates that the ∼5‐day waves are likely to extend over a large depth below the cloud top and that the ∼4‐day waves are likely to be confined near the cloud top. Their possible generation mechanism through the coupling of Kelvin and Rossby waves is discussed. This study further reports wind variability of 10 to 15‐day periodicity, thermal‐tide structure, and comparison with minor species observations.
Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of abnormal meridians in erectile dysfunction patients based on infrared thermography: an electrophysiological technique study
Authors: Zihao Wang , Kaifeng Liu , Shengmin Zhang , Yongzhan Gong , Pengjie Lu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
An increasing body of research has demonstrated that appropriate stimulation of the meridians and acupoints in the human body can play a preventative and therapeutic role in diseases. This study combines the use of infrared thermography with intelligent electrophysiological diagnostic system (iEDS) to accurately diagnose and apply transdermal low-frequency electrical stimulation to treat abnormal meridians in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). The treatment protocol included 6 treatments (each lasting 30 min and performed twice a week). The International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Erection Hardness Scale were used to assess treatment results. A total of 62 patients were included in this study, with 31 patients in the treatment group and 31 patients in the sham therapy group. After six treatments, the treatment group improved significantly in IIEF-5 (15.52 ± 2.06 vs. 18.84 ± 2.67, p < 0.001), PHQ-9 (8.32 ± 6.33 vs. 4.87 ± 4.41, p < 0.001), GAD-7 (5.32 ± 5.08 vs. 2.94 ± 3.31, p = 0.003), and EHS (2.48 (2.00, 3.00) vs. 2.90 (2.00, 3.00), p = 0.007). After six sham treatment sessions, no improvements in any of the scores were reported in the sham therapy group. Following that, this group had an additional six treatments of regular therapy, which resulted in statistically significant improvements in IIEF-5 (16.65 ± 1.96 VS. 19.16 ± 2.40, p < 0.001), PHQ-9 (8.81 ± 6.25 VS. 4.97 ± 4.36, p < 0.001), GAD-7 (5.74 ± 5.18 VS. 3.68 ± 3.42, p < 0.001), and EHS (2.61 (2.00, 3.00) VS. 3.03 (2.00, 4.00), p = 0.003). No adverse events were reported regarding penile discomfort, pain, injury, or deformity.

Clinical trials
The study protocol is registered in the Clinical Trials Registry with the identification number ChiCTR2300070262.
Association of homocysteine with white matter dysconnectivity in schizophrenia
Authors: Tabata Koichi , Son Shuraku , Miyata Jun , Toriumi Kazuya , Miyashita Mitsuhiro , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Itokawa Masanari , Takahashi Hidehiko , Murai Toshiya , Arai Makoto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSeveral studies have shown white matter (WM) dysconnectivity in people with schizophrenia (SZ). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and WM microstructure in people with SZ using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Fifty-three people with SZ and 83 healthy controls (HC) were included in this retrospective observational study. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) were used to evaluate group differences in WM microstructure. A significant negative correlation between plasma Hcy levels and WM microstructural disruption was noted in the SZ group (Spearman’s ρ = −.330, P = 0.016) but not in the HC group (Spearman’s ρ = .041, P = 0.712). These results suggest that increased Hcy may be associated with WM dysconnectivity in SZ, and the interaction between Hcy and WM dysconnectivity could be a potential mechanism of the pathophysiology of SZ. Further, longitudinal studies are required to investigate whether high Hcy levels subsequently cause WM microstructural disruption in people with SZ.
Mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by polyphenols-rich bacterial cellulose gel produced from fermented wine pomace
Authors: Li Zhi-yu , Dong Jia-jia , Azi Fidelis , Feng Xue , Ge Zhi-wen , Yang Sha , Sun Yu-xia , Guan Xue-qiang , Dong Ming-sheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is still a common contaminant in water. In this work, we studied the Cr(VI) adsorption by polyphenol-rich bacterial cellulose(BC) gel, synthesized by the Komagataeibacter rhaeticus K15 using wine pomace. The results showed that the equilibrium removal capacity was 473.09 ± 1.41 mg g−1 (dry weight). The quasi-second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir removal isotherm model was the most suitable for describing the Cr(VI) removal process. Toxic Cr(VI) was converted to the low toxic Cr(III) during the removal process via the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by polyphenols released into the solution by the BC gel. The FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM-EDX results indicated the physical adsorption on the surface of BC and the reduction reaction between polyphenol groups and Cr(VI) is the critical mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by BC. The finding of this study demonstrates that polyphenols-rich BC gel produced from wine pomace has a superior feature for future Cr(VI)-wastewater purification.
Pattern formation by turbulent cascades
Authors: de Wit Xander M. , Fruchart Michel , Khain Tali , Toschi Federico , Vitelli Vincenzo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFully developed turbulence is a universal and scale-invariant chaotic state characterized by an energy cascade from large to small scales at which the cascade is eventually arrested by dissipation1–6. Here we show how to harness these seemingly structureless turbulent cascades to generate patterns. Pattern formation entails a process of wavelength selection, which can usually be traced to the linear instability of a homogeneous state7. By contrast, the mechanism we propose here is fully nonlinear. It is triggered by the non-dissipative arrest of turbulent cascades: energy piles up at an intermediate scale, which is neither the system size nor the smallest scales at which energy is usually dissipated. Using a combination of theory and large-scale simulations, we show that the tunable wavelength of these cascade-induced patterns can be set by a non-dissipative transport coefficient called odd viscosity, ubiquitous in chiral fluids ranging from bioactive to quantum systems8–12. Odd viscosity, which acts as a scale-dependent Coriolis-like force, leads to a two-dimensionalization of the flow at small scales, in contrast with rotating fluids in which a two-dimensionalization occurs at large scales4. Apart from odd viscosity fluids, we discuss how cascade-induced patterns can arise in natural systems, including atmospheric flows13–19, stellar plasma such as the solar wind20–22, or the pulverization and coagulation of objects or droplets in which mass rather than energy cascades23–25.
Global prediction of extreme floods in ungauged watersheds
Authors: Nearing Grey , Cohen Deborah , Dube Vusumuzi , Gauch Martin , Gilon Oren , Harrigan Shaun , Hassidim Avinatan , Klotz Daniel , Kratzert Frederik , Metzger Asher , Nevo Sella , Pappenberger Florian , Prudhomme Christel , Shalev Guy , Shenzis Shlomo , Tekalign Tadele Yednkachw , Weitzner Dana , Matias Yossi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFloods are one of the most common natural disasters, with a disproportionate impact in developing countries that often lack dense streamflow gauge networks1. Accurate and timely warnings are critical for mitigating flood risks2, but hydrological simulation models typically must be calibrated to long data records in each watershed. Here we show that artificial intelligence-based forecasting achieves reliability in predicting extreme riverine events in ungauged watersheds at up to a five-day lead time that is similar to or better than the reliability of nowcasts (zero-day lead time) from a current state-of-the-art global modelling system (the Copernicus Emergency Management Service Global Flood Awareness System). In addition, we achieve accuracies over five-year return period events that are similar to or better than current accuracies over one-year return period events. This means that artificial intelligence can provide flood warnings earlier and over larger and more impactful events in ungauged basins. The model developed here was incorporated into an operational early warning system that produces publicly available (free and open) forecasts in real time in over 80 countries. This work highlights a need for increasing the availability of hydrological data to continue to improve global access to reliable flood warnings.
Rotating curved spacetime signatures from a giant quantum vortex
Authors: Švančara Patrik , Smaniotto Pietro , Solidoro Leonardo , MacDonald James F. , Patrick Sam , Gregory Ruth , Barenghi Carlo F. , Weinfurtner Silke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGravity simulators1 are laboratory systems in which small excitations such as sound2 or surface waves3,4 behave as fields propagating on a curved spacetime geometry. The analogy between gravity and fluids requires vanishing viscosity2–4, a feature naturally realized in superfluids such as liquid helium or cold atomic clouds5–8. Such systems have been successful in verifying key predictions of quantum field theory in curved spacetime7–11. In particular, quantum simulations of rotating curved spacetimes indicative of astrophysical black holes require the realization of an extensive vortex flow12 in superfluid systems. Here we demonstrate that, despite the inherent instability of multiply quantized vortices13,14, a stationary giant quantum vortex can be stabilized in superfluid 4He. Its compact core carries thousands of circulation quanta, prevailing over current limitations in other physical systems such as magnons5, atomic clouds6,7 and polaritons15,16. We introduce a minimally invasive way to characterize the vortex flow17,18 by exploiting the interaction of micrometre-scale waves on the superfluid interface with the background velocity field. Intricate wave–vortex interactions, including the detection of bound states and distinctive analogue black hole ringdown signatures, have been observed. These results open new avenues to explore quantum-to-classical vortex transitions and use superfluid helium as a finite-temperature quantum field theory simulator for rotating curved spacetimes19.
A distinct Fusobacterium nucleatum clade dominates the colorectal cancer niche
Authors: Zepeda-Rivera Martha , Minot Samuel S. , Bouzek Heather , Wu Hanrui , Blanco-Míguez Aitor , Manghi Paolo , Jones Dakota S. , LaCourse Kaitlyn D. , Wu Ying , McMahon Elsa F. , Park Soon-Nang , Lim Yun K. , Kempchinsky Andrew G. , Willis Amy D. , Cotton Sean L. , Yost Susan C. , Sicinska Ewa , Kook Joong-Ki , Dewhirst Floyd E. , Segata Nicola , Bullman Susan , Johnston Christopher D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a bacterium present in the human oral cavity and rarely found in the lower gastrointestinal tract of healthy individuals1, is enriched in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tumours2–5. High intratumoural Fn loads are associated with recurrence, metastases and poorer patient prognosis5–8. Here, to delineate Fn genetic factors facilitating tumour colonization, we generated closed genomes for 135 Fn strains; 80 oral strains from individuals without cancer and 55 unique cancer strains cultured from tumours from 51 patients with CRC. Pangenomic analyses identified 483 CRC-enriched genetic factors. Tumour-isolated strains predominantly belong to Fn subspecies animalis (Fna). However, genomic analyses reveal that Fna, considered a single subspecies, is instead composed of two distinct clades (Fna C1 and Fna C2). Of these, only Fna C2 dominates the CRC tumour niche. Inter-Fna analyses identified 195 Fna C2-associated genetic factors consistent with increased metabolic potential and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. In support of this, Fna C2-treated mice had an increased number of intestinal adenomas and altered metabolites. Microbiome analysis of human tumour tissue from 116 patients with CRC demonstrated Fna C2 enrichment. Comparison of 62 paired specimens showed that only Fna C2 is tumour enriched compared to normal adjacent tissue. This was further supported by metagenomic analysis of stool samples from 627 patients with CRC and 619 healthy individuals. Collectively, our results identify the Fna clade bifurcation, show that specifically Fna C2 drives the reported Fn enrichment in human CRC and reveal the genetic underpinnings of pathoadaptation of Fna C2 to the CRC niche.
Resilient anatomy and local plasticity of naive and stress haematopoiesis
Authors: Wu Qingqing , Zhang Jizhou , Kumar Sumit , Shen Siyu , Kincaid Morgan , Johnson Courtney B. , Zhang Yanan Sophia , Turcotte Raphaël , Alt Clemens , Ito Kyoko , Homan Shelli , Sherman Bryan E. , Shao Tzu-Yu , Slaughter Anastasiya , Weinhaus Benjamin , Song Baobao , Filippi Marie Dominique , Grimes H. Leighton , Lin Charles P. , Ito Keisuke , Way Sing Sing , Kofron J. Matthew , Lucas Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe bone marrow adjusts blood cell production to meet physiological demands in response to insults. The spatial organization of normal and stress responses are unknown owing to the lack of methods to visualize most steps of blood production. Here we develop strategies to image multipotent haematopoiesis, erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis in mice. We combine these with imaging of myelopoiesis1 to define the anatomy of normal and stress haematopoiesis. In the steady state, across the skeleton, single stem cells and multipotent progenitors distribute through the marrow enriched near megakaryocytes. Lineage-committed progenitors are recruited to blood vessels, where they contribute to lineage-specific microanatomical structures composed of progenitors and immature cells, which function as the production sites for each major blood lineage. This overall anatomy is resilient to insults, as it was maintained after haemorrhage, systemic bacterial infection and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment, and during ageing. Production sites enable haematopoietic plasticity as they differentially and selectively modulate their numbers and output in response to insults. We found that stress responses are variable across the skeleton: the tibia and the sternum respond in opposite ways to G-CSF, and the skull does not increase erythropoiesis after haemorrhage. Our studies enable in situ analyses of haematopoiesis, define the anatomy of normal and stress responses, identify discrete microanatomical production sites that confer plasticity to haematopoiesis, and uncover unprecedented heterogeneity of stress responses across the skeleton.
Compensatory evolution in NusG improves fitness of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis
Authors: Eckartt Kathryn A. , Delbeau Madeleine , Munsamy-Govender Vanisha , DeJesus Michael A. , Azadian Zachary A. , Reddy Abhijna K. , Chandanani Joshua , Poulton Nicholas C. , Quiñones-Garcia Stefany , Bosch Barbara , Landick Robert , Campbell Elizabeth A. , Rock Jeremy M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDrug-resistant bacteria are emerging as a global threat, despite frequently being less fit than their drug-susceptible ancestors1–8. Here we sought to define the mechanisms that drive or buffer the fitness cost of rifampicin resistance (RifR) in the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Rifampicin inhibits RNA polymerase (RNAP) and is a cornerstone of modern short-course tuberculosis therapy9,10. However, RifR Mtb accounts for one-quarter of all deaths due to drug-resistant bacteria11,12. We took a comparative functional genomics approach to define processes that are differentially vulnerable to CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) inhibition in RifR Mtb. Among other hits, we found that the universally conserved transcription factor NusG is crucial for the fitness of RifR Mtb. In contrast to its role in Escherichia coli, Mtb NusG has an essential RNAP pro-pausing function mediated by distinct contacts with RNAP and the DNA13. We find this pro-pausing NusG–RNAP interface to be under positive selection in clinical RifR Mtb isolates. Mutations in the NusG–RNAP interface reduce pro-pausing activity and increase fitness of RifR Mtb. Collectively, these results define excessive RNAP pausing as a molecular mechanism that drives the fitness cost of RifR in Mtb, identify a new mechanism of compensation to overcome this cost, suggest rational approaches to exacerbate the fitness cost, and, more broadly, could inform new therapeutic approaches to develop drug combinations to slow the evolution of RifR in Mtb.