bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell therapy using allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells prevents tissue damage in collagen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Augello Andrea , Tasso Roberta , Negrini Simone Maria , Cancedda Ranieri , Pennesi Giuseppina 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are precursors of tissue of mesenchymal origin, but they also have the capacity to regulate the immune response by suppressing T and B lymphocyte proliferation in a non–major histocompatibility complex–restricted manner. Use of MSCs as immunosuppressant agents in autoimmune diseases has been proposed and successfully tested in animal models. We explored the feasibility of using allogeneic MSCs as therapy for collagen‐induced arthritis, a mouse model for human rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsDBA/1 mice were immunized with type II collagen in Freund's complete adjuvant, and some of the animals received an intraperitoneal injection of allogeneic MSCs.ResultsA single injection of MSCs prevented the occurrence of severe, irreversible damage to bone and cartilage. MSCs induced hyporesponsiveness of T lymphocytes as evidenced by a reduction in active proliferation, and modulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In particular, the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor α was significantly decreased. MSCs exerted their immunomodulatory function by educating antigen‐specific Tregs.ConclusionOur results suggest an effective new therapeutic approach to target the pathogenic mechanism of autoimmune arthritis using allogeneic MSCs. However, further studies are required before these results can be translated to clinical settings.
Histone deacetylase/acetylase activity in total synovial tissue derived from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Huber Lars C. , Brock Matthias , Hemmatazad Hossein , Giger Olivier T. , Moritz Falk , Trenkmann Michelle , Distler Jörg H. W. , Gay Renate E. , Kolling Christoph , Moch Holger , Michel Beat A. , Gay Steffen , Distler Oliver , Jüngel Astrid 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown origin. Histone deacetylase (HDA) activity is considered to play a major role in the transcriptional regulation of proinflammatory genes. We undertook this study to investigate the balance of histone acetylase and HDA activity in synovial tissue from RA patients compared with that from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and normal controls.MethodsActivity of histone acetylases and HDAs was measured in nuclear extracts of total synovial tissue samples, which were obtained from RA and OA patients undergoing surgical joint replacement, and compared with the activity in synovial tissues from patients without arthritis. Tissue expression of HDAs 1 and 2 was quantified by Western blotting. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed for HDA‐2.ResultsMean ± SEM HDA activity in synovial tissue samples derived from patients with RA was measured as 1.5 ± 0.3 μmoles/μg, whereas the activity levels in OA (3.2 ± 0.7 μmoles/μg) and normal (7.1 ± 4.2 μmoles/μg) synovial tissue samples were significantly higher. Histone acetylase activity reached similar levels in RA and OA tissues and in normal tissues. The ratio of HDA activity to histone acetylase activity in RA synovial tissue was significantly reduced (12 ± 2%) compared with that in OA synovial tissue (26 ± 3%). The activity ratio in normal control samples was arbitrarily set at 100 ± 40%. In addition, the tissue expression of HDA‐1 and HDA‐2 proteins was clearly lower in RA samples than in OA samples.ConclusionThe balance of histone acetylase/HDA activities is strongly shifted toward histone hyperacetylation in patients with RA. These results offer novel molecular insights into the pathogenesis of the disease that might be relevant to the development of future therapeutic approaches.
Risk factors for more severe regional musculoskeletal symptoms: A two‐year prospective study of a general working population
Authors: Andersen Johan H. , Haahr Jens P. , Frost Poul 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the relative contribution of work‐related physical and psychosocial factors, individual factors, and health‐related factors to the development of more severe musculoskeletal pain in the neck and upper limbs and the back and lower limbs.MethodsIn this cohort study of 5,604 workers from industrial and service companies, we collected information on work‐related physical and psychosocial exposures and on individual and health‐related factors. Questionnaires were completed at baseline by 4,006 participants (71.5%) and after 24 months by 3,276 (82%). At followup, participants with no or minor pain were included in Cox regression analyses to determine which factors predicted more severe regional pain.ResultsOf the 4,006 baseline respondents, only 7.7% were free of regional pain. A total of 1,513 participants were free of severe pain at baseline and completed the 24‐month followup. Highly repetitive work predicted arm pain, heavy lifting and prolonged standing predicted low back pain, and heavy pushing or pulling predicted lower limb pain. Low job satisfaction predicted neck/shoulder pain and lower limb pain, whereas other psychosocial work place factors were only of marginal importance. High levels of fear avoidance were associated with arm pain and lower limb pain. A high body mass index was highly associated with lower limb pain.ConclusionVery few workers are totally free of pain in musculoskeletal regions, and we question the concept of incidence of musculoskeletal pain. The transition from no or minor pain to more severe pain was influenced by physical and psychosocial work place factors together with individual and health‐related factors.
Sequential developmental changes in holoprosencephalic mouse embryos exposed to ethanol during the gastrulation period
Authors: Higashiyama Daisuke , Saitsu Hirotomo , Komada Munekazu , Takigawa Toshiya , Ishibashi Makoto , Shiota Kohei 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to ethanol induces holoprosencephalic malformations in both humans and laboratory animals. However, its teratogenic window for inducing holoprosencephaly is narrow, and the teratogenic mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we examined the morphological changes in the craniofacial structures of mouse embryos/fetuses at intervals following ethanol treatment and evaluated gene expression patterns in the embryos. METHODS: Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were given two doses of ethanol (30 mg/kg in total) on the morning (7:00 and 11:00 AM) of day 7. The fetuses were observed at E10.5 and E15.5 grossly and/or histologically. The expression of Shh and Nkx2.1 gene transcripts was examined at E8.5 by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Gross and histological abnormalities of the brain and face were found in ethanol‐exposed fetuses, and their midline structures were most frequently affected. The midline commissural fibers were often lacking in ethanol‐exposed fetuses, even in those cases without external gross malformations. In situ hybridization revealed down‐regulation of Shh and Nkx2.1 genes in ethanol‐exposed embryos. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that ethanol may perturb the expression of some developmental genes at a critical stage of embryonic development and induce holoprosencephaly and other midline craniofacial malformations, including histological brain abnormalities. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Greek special educators' behavior analytic skills
Authors: Ntinas Konstantinos M. , Asteriou‐Yerofoka S. , Yiannaros V. , Koutsouridis I. , Nanna A. , Papadimitriou C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe present study examined the ability of 52 special teachers in determining the underlying function of challenging behaviors in children with developmental disabilities and in linking the identified function with relevant intervention. Participants were presented with three questionnaire vignettes describing behavior maintained by attention, task avoidance and sensory consequences. They were then asked to identify the likely causes of the behaviors from a table of three possible functions and to link them with relevant intervention from a pool of 11 forms of intervention. The results indicated that teachers can reliably identify the cause of the behavior but they are not yet able to link function with relevant intervention without the provision of adequate support. The implications for teachers' in‐service training in the implementation of behavior analytic interventions are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free will from the viewpoint of teleological behaviorism
Authors: Rachlin Howard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA teleological and behavioral view is presented of the concept of free will. Free will is not something people essentially have or do not have. Instead, the following question is asked: Why does society find it useful to label some actions free and some actions not free? It is argued that the function of such labels is to aid in assigning responsibility to people for their actions. Responsibility in turn is useful in assigning rewards and punishments. The sort of actions that are typically seen as free are the same as those seen as self‐controlled. Such actions are responsive to environmental contingencies of relatively wide temporal extent. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The neuroscience of “free will”
Authors: Tancredi Laurence R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAdvances in neuroscience over the past 40 or more years are causing a re‐visiting of an old debate: Does man possess free will over his actions, or do forces out of his control determine his behavior? Philosophers and biologists since the beginning of recorded history have taken positions on each side of the debate. Recent discoveries of brain activation prior to conscious awareness and genetic conditions that induce impulsive violent behavior are fortifying the perspective that biological determinism is basic to the human condition. But some contemporary thinkers are conflicted in this viewpoint since “free will” is a necessary element for self‐determination and for attributing personal responsibility for one's actions. Hence, modifications of strict determinism have emerged which try to incorporate the features of determinism enforced by neuroscience findings with some element of “free will”, making the two seemingly opposed positions compatible. How successful this will be to rescue “free will” in the long term depends on future discoveries in neuroscience and genetics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aggression, psychopathy and free will from a cognitive neuroscience perspective
Authors: Blair R. J. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article considers the notion of free will in the context of aggression and psychopathy research. The philosophical literature is very briefly considered to determine under what assumptions free will can be considered to exist. However, as the issue of free will is very difficult to address directly, the prime focus of this article is on issues raised in the philosophical debate, that may be empirically tractable and that are relevant to the understanding of psychopathy. Specifically, the following issues are considered: (1) The distinction between automatic and controlled processing; (2) Impairment related to automatic processing in individuals with psychopathy; and (3) Impairment related to controlled behavior in individuals with psychopathy. It is concluded that, while there is not a direct mapping of the automatic versus controlled processing dichotomy on to the reactive versus instrumental aggression dichotomy, some overlap can be considered. As such, it is possible to consider that certain episodes of reactive aggression might be considered to occur in the absence of free will. However, instrumental aggression, at least from a compatibilist perspective, must involve free will. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decision making and free will: a neuroscience perspective
Authors: Burns Kelly , Bechara Antoine 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA thorough analysis of the question of whether we possess “free will” requires that we take into account the process of exercising that will: that is, the neural mechanisms of decision making. Much of what we know about these mechanisms indicates that decision making is greatly influenced by implicit processes that may not even reach consciousness. Moreover, there exist conditions, for example certain types of brain injury or drug addiction, in which an individual can be said to have a disorder of the will. Examples such as these demonstrate that the idea of freedom of will on which our legal system is based is not supported by the neuroscience of decision making. Using the criminal law as an example, we discuss how new discoveries in neuroscience can serve as a tool for reprioritizing our society's legal intuitions in a way that leads us to a more effective and humane system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free will: reconciling German civil law with Libet's neurophysiological studies on the readiness potential
Authors: Kawohl Wolfram , Habermeyer Elmar 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe free will debate widely exceeds the neuroscientific and philosophical fields due to profound implications for legislation, case law and psychiatric expert opinion. Data from Benjamin Libet's experiments on the readiness potential have been used as an argument against personal responsibility and for changes in the law. Due to the explicit use of the term “free will” in German civil law, the psychiatrist as an expert witness is confronted with this debate. In this article we outline the role of this crucial term in German civil law and we describe the neurophysiologic challenge in the form of Libet's experiments, which is led on three levels: the correctness of the data, the impact on the question of whether free will exists and possible consequences for the law. We conclude that the problem of free will cannot be debated on the basis of the data provided by Libet's experiments and that doubts about the existence of a free will must not lead to changes in the law or in psychiatric expert testimony. Therefore, advice for the psychiatrist as an expert witness is offered on the basis of a psychopathological approach that takes into account cognitive and motivational preconditions and the structure of values and personality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free will, the self, and the brain
Authors: Gomes Gilberto 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe free will problem is defined and three solutions are discussed: no‐freedom theory, libertarianism, and compatibilism. Strict determinism is often assumed in arguing for libertarianism or no‐freedom theory. It assumes that the history of the universe is fixed, but modern physics admits a certain degree of randomness in the determination of events. However, this is not enough for a compatibilist position—which is favored here—since freedom is not randomness. It is the I that chooses what to do. It is argued that the core of the free will problem is what this I is. A materialist view is favored: The I is an activity of the brain. In addition to absence of external and internal compulsion, freedom involves absence of causal sufficiency of influences acting on the I. A more elaborate compatibilist view is proposed, according to which causal determination is complete when we add events occurring in the I (of which the subject is not conscious). Contrary to what several authors have argued, the onset of the readiness potential before the decision to act is no problem here. The experience of agency is incomplete and fallible, rather than illusory. Some consequences of different views about freedom for the ascription of responsibility are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial neural networks as supervised techniques for FT‐IR microspectroscopic imaging
Authors: Lasch Peter , Diem Max , Hänsch Wolfgang , Naumann Dieter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this report the applicability of an improved method of image segmentation of infrared microspectroscopic data from histological specimens is demonstrated. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) microspectroscopy was used to record hyperspectral data sets from human colorectal adenocarcinomas and to build up a database of spatially resolved tissue spectra. This database of colon microspectra comprised 4120 high‐quality FT‐IR point spectra from 28 patient samples and 12 different histological structures. The spectral information contained in the database was employed to teach and validate multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP‐ANN) models. These classification models were then employed for database analysis and utilised to produce false colour images from complete tissue maps of FT‐IR microspectra. An important aspect of this study was also to demonstrate how the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity can be specifically optimised. An example is given which shows that changes of the number of teaching patterns per class can be used to modify these two interrelated test parameters. The definition of ANN topology turned out to be crucial to achieve a high degree of correspondence between the gold standard of histopathology and IR spectroscopy. Particularly, a hierarchical scheme of ANN classification proved to be superior for the reliable classification of tissue spectra. It was found that unsupervised methods of clustering, specifically agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), were helpful in the initial phases of model generation. Optimal classification results could be achieved if the class definitions for the ANNs were carried out by considering the classification information provided by cluster analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat‐Induced Phase Transitions from an Aqueous Solution to Precipitates in a Poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate)/Tetradecyltrimethylammonium Bromide System
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Dujin , Hao Zhengping , Hao Jingcheng , Han Charles C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor the first time, temperature‐induced phase transitions upon heating and cooling an aqueous solution that contained oppositely charged polyelectrolyte and surfactant mixtures was observed. The phase transition from micelles to vesicles, then to the coexistence of vesicles and superstructures that have the morphology of melon seeds, and finally to precipitates was determined by means of turbidity measurements and transmission electron microscopy images. These phase transitions were shown to be reversible and reproducible after several heating and cooling cycles were performed on the same sample. The novel observations for the temperature‐induced phase transition from primary aggregates, such as micelles, to superstructures (i.e., vesicles) should provide new understanding for surfactant sciences, and in particular for self‐assembled amphiphilic systems.
Role of the weak interactions in enantiorecognition of racemic dihydropyrimidinones by novel brush‐type chiral stationary phases
Authors: Forjan Davorka Moslavac , Gazić Ivana , Vinković Vladimir 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe chiral discrimination ability of two recently prepared chiral stationary phases (CSP 1 and CSP 2), based on a leucine derived chiral selector, was tested for the enantiomers of dihydropyrimidone (DHPM) derivatives and compared with the commercially available Hyun‐leucine CSP 3 and classical Pirkle‐leucine CSP 4. By combining all of these CSPs, the enantiomers of all DHPM derivatives used in this study can be properly resolved. Particularly good enantioresolutions were achieved for thioureide derivatives, such as Monastrol. The results presented show that sulfur–aromatic interactions are meritorious for these very good separations. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Massarilactones E‐G, new metabolites from the endophytic fungus Coniothyrium sp., associated with the plant Artimisia maritima
Authors: Krohn Karsten , Zia‐Ullah  , Hussain Hidayat , Flörke Ulrich , Schulz Barbara , Draeger Siegfried , Pescitelli Gennaro , Salvadori Piero , Antus Sándor , Kurtán Tibor 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree new massarilactones E‐G (1–3) and the massarilactone acetonide (4) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungus Coniothyrium sp., associated with the plant Artimisia maritima. Their structures were determined by analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The structure of massarilactones E (1) was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis, and its absolute configuration determined by the solid‐state CD/TDDFT method. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epoxidierung von C=C‐Doppelbindungen mit in situ erzeugtem Wasserstoffperoxid
Authors: Zimmer A. , Goergen S. , Reschetilowski W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAm Beispiel der Umsetzung von Allylalkohol zu Glycidol wird gezeigt, dass eine Epoxidierung mit Sauerstoff als Reaktionspartner in einem Prozessschritt möglich ist. Die Bildung von Wasserstoffperoxid durch kathodische Reduktion von Sauerstoff in einer Trickle‐bed‐Elektrode erfolgt parallel zur Epoxidierung des Allylalkohols am heterogenen Epoxidierungskatalysator TS‐1, der im Elektrodenmaterial eingebettet ist. Dieses Prinzip der gekoppelten elektrochemisch‐katalytischen Epoxidierung fasst die bisher in der Praxis üblichen zwei getrennten Schritte der Herstellung des Epoxidierungsmittels und der Epoxidierung in einem Reaktionsschritt zusammen.
Effizienz‐ und Wirtschaftlichkeitsuntersuchungen zur Bäckereiabfall‐ und Klärschlamm‐Co‐Fermentation
Authors: Huber M. B. , Gamper A. , Giovannini A. A. L. , Wett B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDurch die Co‐Vergärung von biogenen Abfällen in kommunalen Kläranlagen lassen sich eine sinnvolle Verwertung und die Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energie vereinen. Untersucht wird die Möglichkeit der Co‐Fermentation von Bäckereiabfällen einer Großbäckerei mit Klärschlamm der Abwasserreinigungsanlage Zirl in einem 1‐m3‐Doppelversuchsreaktor. Ein Fermenter wird nur mit reinem Klärschlamm beschickt, dem anderen wurden zusätzlich die Bäckereiabfälle im entsprechenden Mengenverhältnis von 1:28 (Bäckereiabfälle: Klärschlamm) zugegeben und co‐fermentiert. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass die Co‐Vergärung keine negativen Auswirkungen auf den normalen Klärschlammbetrieb zur Folge hat. Durch die Zugabe des Co‐Substrates kann der Biogasertrag um mehr als 100 % gesteigert werden. Gleichzeitig werden die Bäckereiabfälle fast vollständig abgebaut. Das Problem einer Versäuerung durch Zugabe schnell abbaubarer Substrate kann anhand stabiler pH‐Werte ausgeschlossen werden. Die anschließende Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung bestätigt die Rentabilität dieser Verwertungsmethode am Standort Zirl.
Katalytische Hydroaminomethylierung für die hochselektive Synthese von linearen Fettaminen
Authors: Buch C. , Jackstell R. , Bühring D. , Beller M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAusgehend von höheren Olefinen (>C12) bietet die Rhodium‐katalysierte Hydroamino‐methylierung einen einstufigen und atomeffizienten Zugang zu Fettaminen. Unter optimierten Bedingungen können hohe Katalysatoraktivitäten und ‐produktivitäten erzielt werden und die linearen Produkte mit ausgezeichneter Regioselektivität erhalten werden.
Magnetfeldüberlagerte Pressfiltration
Authors: Eichholz C. , Stolarski M. , Fuchs B. , Nirschl H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDie magnetfeldüberlagerte Pressfiltration kombiniert klassische Filtration und Magnettechnologie in einer neuartigen Weise. Durch ein überlagertes Magnetfeld kann dabei der Kuchenaufbau in der Filterzelle gezielt gesteuert werden. Zusätzlich bildet sich im Filterkuchen durch interpartikuläre magnetische Wechselwirkungen eine gerichtete Struktur aus. Beide Effekte führen zu einem geringeren Gesamtfiltrationswiderstand.