bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An association of a simultaneous nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of Fra-1 with breast malignancy
Authors: Song Yuhua , Song Santai , Zhang Dong , Zhang Yan , Chen Liyong , Qian Lu , Shi Ming , Zhao Huibin , Jiang Zefei , Guo Ning 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
Overexpression of Fra-1 in fibroblasts causes anchorage-independent cell growth and oncogenic transformation. A high level of Fra-1 expression is found in various tumors and tumorigenic cell lines, suggesting that Fra-1 may be involved in malignant progression. This study aimed to investigate the significance of Fra-1 expression in breast carcinogenesis.

Methods
The expression of Fra-1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry in neoplastic breast diseases ranging from benign fibroadenoma to very aggressive undifferentiated carcinoma. The correlations of Fra-1 expression with other indicators of breast carcinoma prognosis (ER, PR and ErbB2 receptors) were analyzed.

Results
All neoplastic breast tissues, either benign or malignant breast tissues, were nuclear immunoreactive for Fra-1-recognizing antibody. The pattern of Fra-1 expression by benign neoplastic cells was predominantly nuclear. However, the nuclear/cytoplasmic concomitant immunoreactivity was observed in all types of breast carcinomas. A clear shift in Fra-1 immunoreactivity, from an exclusively nuclear to a simultaneous nuclear and cytoplasmic localization was noticed in ~90% of breast carcinomas.

Conclusion
The overall expression, pattern and intensity of Fra-1 proteins were correlated with breast oncogenesis. Overexpression of Fra-1, leading to a persistent high cytoplasmic accumulation, may play a role in the process of breast carcinogenesis.
The effect of the holiday season on body weight and composition in college students
Authors: Hull Holly R , Hester Casey N , Fields David A 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
With the rapid increase in obesity rates, determining critical periods for weight gain and the effects of changes in fat mass is imperative. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in body weight and composition over the holiday season (Thanksgiving through New Year's) in male and female college students.

Methods
Subjects completed three visits: the first occurred within 2 weeks prior to Thanksgiving, the second occurred within 5 to 7 days following Thanksgiving, and the third occurred within 10 days following New Year's Day. A total of 82 healthy male and female college age subjects participated. Body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was assessed at visits 1 and 3 while body weight was assessed at all three visits.

Results
Average body weight remained relatively unchanged from pre-Thanksgiving to post-New Year's (71.3 ± 14 kg vs. 71.2 ± 15 kg; P = 0.71) and, in fact, a subset of normal weight subjects lost a significant amount of body weight. However, percent body fat (25.9 ± 9 %fat vs. 27.0 ± 9 %fat; P < 0.01) and fat mass (18.3 ± 8 kg and 19.1 ± 8 kg; P < 0.01) significantly increased from pre-Thanksgiving to post-New Year's while fat-free mass (48.7 ± 12 kg and 48.3 ± 11 kg; P = 0.08) was not significantly different than the post-New Year's. A significant positive relationship (P < 0.001) between the change in BMI and percent fat, total fat mass, total fat free mass, and trunk fat mass for the pre-Thanksgiving and post-New Year's visits were found. The same significant positive relationships (P < 0.001) were also observed between the change in body weight and percent fat, total fat mass, total fat free mass, and trunk fat mass.

Conclusion
Despite the fact that body weight remained unchanged over the course of the holiday season, a significant increase in %body fat and fat mass was observed. With recent evidence showing marked morbidity and mortality to be associated with increased body fat (particularly abdominal adiposity), results from this study suggest body weight alone may underestimate the potentially deleterious effects of the holiday season.
Compressive loading at the end plate directly regulates flow and deformation of the basivertebral vein: an analytical study
Authors: Yeh Ming-Long , Heggeness Michael H. , Chen Hsiang-Ho , Jassawalla Jennifer , Luo Zong-Ping 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
Metastatic diseases and infections frequently involve the spine. This is the result of seeding of the vertebral body by tumor cells or bacteria delivered by venous blood from Batson's plexus, which is hypothesized to enter the vertebral body via the epidural veins. Isolated spinal segments deform significantly at the bony end plate when under compression. This deformation could cause a volume change of the vertebral body and may be accompanied by retrograde flow of venous blood. To date, this process has not been investigated quantitatively. The purpose of this study was to determine the volume changes of the vertebral body and basivertebral vein for a vertebral body under compression.

Methods
A three-dimensional finite element mesh model of the L4 segment with both adjacent discs was modified from a 3-D computed tomography scan image. An octagon representing the basivertebral vein was introduced into the center of the vertebral body in the model. Four compressive orientations (1500 N) were applied on the top disc. The volume change of the vertebral body model and the basivertebral vein were then computed.

Results
The volume change of the vertebral body was about 0.1 cm3 (16.3% of the basivertebral vein) for the four loading conditions. The maximum cross-sectional area reductions of the basivertebral vein and volume reduction were 1.54% and 1.02%, for uniform compression.

Conclusion
Our study quantified the small but significant volume change of a modeled vertebral body and cross-sectional areas and that of the basivertebral vein, due to the inward bulging of the end plate under compression. This volume change could initiate the reverse flow of blood from the epidural venous system and cause seeding of tumors or bacterial cells.
Distribution of CORE–OM scores in a general population, clinical
cut-off points and comparison with the CIS–R
Authors: Connell Janice , Barkham Michael , Stiles William B. , Twigg Elspeth , Singleton Nicola , Evans Olga , Miles Jeremy N. V. 
Published: December 2006

BackgroundAlthough measures of psychopathology are designed for use in clinical
populations, their meaning derives from comparison with normal
populations.AimsTo compare the distribution of scores on the Clinical Outcomes in Routine
Evaluation — Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) from a general population sample
with the distribution in an aggregated clinical sample to derive
recommended cut-off points for determining clinical significance.MethodThe CORE-OM general population sample was based on a weighted subsample
of participants in the psychiatric morbidity follow-up survey who
completed valid CORE-OM forms following their interview (effective
n=535).ResultsComparison of the CORE-OM general population sample with a clinical
sample aggregated from previous studies (n=10761)
yielded a cut-off score of 9.9 on the 0–40 scale of the CORE-OM. The
CORE-OM was highly correlated (r=0.77) with the Clinical
Interview Schedule — Revised, supporting convergent validity.ConclusionsWe recommend rounding the CORE-OM cut-off score to 10. However, cut-off
scores must be used thoughtfully and adjusted to fit context and
purpose.
Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities:
prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Cooper Sally-Ann , Smiley Elita , Morrison Jillian , Williamson Andrew , Allan Linda 
Published: December 2006

BackgroundReported prevalence of mental ill-health among adults with intellectual
disabilities ranges from 7 to 97%, owing to methodological limitations.
Little is known about associations.AimsTo determine the prevalence of mental ill-health in adults with
intellectual disabilities and to investigate factors independently
associated with it.MethodPopulation-based study (n=1023) with comprehensive
individual assessments modelled using regression analyses.ResultsPoint prevalence of mental ill-health was 40.9% (clinical diagnoses),
35.2%(DC–LD), 16.6% (ICD–10–DCR) and 15.7% (DSM–IV–TR). The most
prevalent type was problem behaviours. Mental ill-health was associated
with more life events, female gender, type of support, lower ability,
more consultations, smoking, incontinence, not having severe physical
disabilities and not having immobility; it was not associated with
deprived areas, no occupation, communication impairment, epilepsy,
hearing impairment or previous institutional residence.ConclusionsThis investigation informs further longitudinal study, and development of
appropriate interventions, public health strategy and policy. ICD–10–DCR
and DSM–IV–TR undercount mental ill-health in this population compared
with DC–LD.
Competition for neuronal resources: how hallucinations make themselves heard
Authors: Hubl Daniela , Koenig Thomas , Strik Werner K. , Garcia Lester Melie , Dierks Thomas 
Published: December 2006

BackgroundHallucinations are perceptions in the absence of a corresponding external sensory stimulus. However, during auditory verbal hallucinations, activation of the primary auditory cortex has been described.AimsThe objective of this study was to investigate whether this activation of the auditory cortex contributes essentially to the character of hallucinations and attributes them to alien sources, or whether the auditory activation is a sign of increased general auditory attention to external sounds.MethodThe responsiveness of the auditory cortex was investigated by auditory evoked potentials (N100) during the simultaneous occurrence of hallucinations and external stimuli. Evoked potentials were computed separately for periods with and without hallucinations; N100 power, topography and brain electrical sources were analysed.ResultsHallucinations lowered the N100 amplitudes and changed the topography, presumably due to a reduced left temporal responsivity.ConclusionsThis finding indicates competition between auditory stimuli and hallucinations for physiological resources in the primary auditory cortex. The abnormal activation of the primary auditory cortex may thus be a constituent of auditory hallucinations.
Efficacy of the Community Re-Entry Module for patients with
schizophrenia in Beijing, China: outcome at 2-year follow-up
Authors: Xiang Yu-Tao , Weng Yong-Zhen , Li Wen-Yong , Gao Liang , Chen Guo-Lan , Xie Ling , Chang Yan-Li , Tang Wai-Kwong , Ungvari Gabor Sandor 
Published: December 2006

BackgroundFew psychosocial interventions have been developed in China that are
suitable for use in the community.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of the Chinese version of the Community
Re-Entry Module (CRM; a module of a standardised, structured social
skills training programme devised at the University of California, Los
Angeles) for patients with schizophrenia compared with standard group
psychoeducation.MethodPatients with schizophrenia (n=103) were randomly
allocated to CRM or psychoeducation groups and followed up for 24 months.
Outcome measures included social functioning, psychiatric symptoms,
insight, re-employment, relapse and re-hospitalisation rates.ResultsThe CRM group significantly improved in terms of social functioning,
insight and psychiatric symptoms compared with the psychoeducation group;
the re-employment rate was significantly higher and relapse and
rehospitalisation rates were significantly lower in the CRM group.ConclusionsThe findings support the feasibility and effectiveness of CRM as a
psychosocial intervention for Chinese patients with schizophrenia in the
community.
Contribution of low- and middle-income countries to research
published in leading general psychiatry journals, 2002–2004
Authors: Patel Vikram , Kim Youl-Ri 
Published: December 2006

SummaryWe aimed to describe the contribution of low- and middle-income (LAMI)
countries to leading general psychiatric journals. We reviewed original
research published over a 3-year period (2002–2004) in the six
highest-impact general psychiatry journals and contacted editorial offices
to gather data on country of origin of submitted and accepted articles. Only
3.7% of published research emerges from these less affluent countries, which
account for over 80% of the global population. Compared with the findings of
a similar review of the period 1996–1998, there has been little change. The
three European journals had a higher representation than the three American
Journals. The proportion of psychiatrists in a country was associated with
that country's research output. As much as 50% of the research from LAMI
countries is led by authors from high-income countries. The proportion of
submissions from LAMI countries was very low, and articles from them were
more frequently rejected. Strengthening the research capacity of these
countries and reviewing the editorial policies of leading journals can help
increase the international representation of LAMI countries in psychiatric
research.
The simulated mental health review tribunal – a valuable training tool for senior house officers?
Authors: Naeem Asim , Gupta Bhanu , Rutherford Joan , Gachen Audrey , Roberts Sarah 
Published: December 2006

Aims and MethodPsychiatric senior house officers currently receive little formal training in how to give testimony at mental health review tribunals. The development of a simulated tribunal workshop for trainees, which is group-based, interactive and experiential in nature, with meaningful user and carer input is described.ResultsWe have incorporated simulated mental health review tribunal workshops into our academic programme and these have been successfully evaluated. Feedback has shown a marked increase in the confidence levels of trainees regarding tribunals.Clinical ImplicationsThe new Mental Health Act (England and Wales) is likely to place increasing demands on psychiatrists, in terms of giving testimony at mental health review tribunals. Simulated training for senior house officers, incorporating user and carer perspectives, can improve their skills and confidence in presenting at actual tribunals.
The National Trend in Quality of Emergency Department Pain Management for Long Bone Fractures
Authors: Ritsema Tamara S. , Kelen Gabor D. , Pronovost Peter J. , Pham Julius Cuong 
Published: December 2006

BackgroundDespite national attention, there is little evidence that the quality of emergency department (ED) pain management is improving.ObjectivesTo compare the quality of ED pain management before and after implementation of the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' standards in 2001.MethodsThe authors performed a retrospective cohort study by using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 1998–2003. Patients who presented to the ED with a long bone fracture (femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, radius, or ulna) were compared. The authors extracted data on patient, visit, and hospital characteristics. The primary outcomes were the proportion of patients who received assessment of pain severity and who received analgesic treatment.ResultsThere were 2,064 patients with a qualifying fracture in the study period, 834 from 1998–2000 and 1,230 from 2001–2003. Compared with the early period, a higher proportion of patients in the late period had their pain assessed (74% vs. 57%), received opiates (56% vs. 50%), and received any analgesic (76% vs. 56%). Patients in the late period had higher odds of receiving any analgesia (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.43) and opioid analgesia (adjusted OR, 1.27) compared with the early period. Patients in the middle age group (adjusted OR, 2.28) or those seen by physician assistants (adjusted OR, 2.05) were more likely, whereas those with Medicaid (adjusted OR, 0.58) and those in the Northeast were less likely, to receive opiates.ConclusionsAlthough the quality of ED pain management for acute fractures appears to be improving, there is still room for further improvement.
Anticipating Demand for Emergency Health Services due to Medication‐related Adverse Events after Rapid Mass Prophylaxis Campaigns
Authors: Hupert Nathaniel , Wattson Daniel , Cuomo Jason , Benson Samuel 
Published: December 2006

Objectives: Mass prophylaxis against infectious disease outbreaks carries the risk of medication‐related adverse events (MRAEs). The authors sought to define the relationship between the rapidity of mass prophylaxis dispensing and the subsequent demand for emergency health services due to predictable MRAEs. Methods: The authors created a spreadsheet‐based computer model that calculates scenario‐specific predicted daily MRAE rates from user inputs by applying a probability distribution to the reported timing of MRAEs. A hypothetical two‐ to ten‐day prophylaxis campaign for one million people using recent data from both smallpox vaccination and anthrax chemoprophylaxis campaigns was modeled. Results: The length of a mass prophylaxis campaign plays an important role in determining the subsequent intensity in emergency services utilization due to real or suspected adverse events. A two‐day smallpox vaccination scenario would produce an estimated 32,000 medical encounters and 1,960 hospitalizations, peaking at 5,246 health care encounters six days after the start of the campaign; in contrast, a ten‐day campaign would lead to 41% lower peak surge, with a maximum of 3,106 encounters on the busiest day, ten days after initiation of the campaign. MRAEs with longer lead times, such as those associated with anthrax chemoprophylaxis, exhibit less variability based on campaign length (e.g., 124 out of an estimated 1,400 hospitalizations on day 20 after a two‐day campaign versus 103 on day 24 after a ten‐day campaign). Conclusions: The duration of a mass prophylaxis campaign may have a substantial impact on the timing and peak number of clinically significant MRAEs, with very short campaigns overwhelming existing emergency department (ED) capacity to treat real or suspected medication‐related injuries. While better reporting of both incidence and timing of MRAEs in future prophylaxis campaigns should improve the application of this model to community‐based emergency preparedness planning, these results highlight the need for coordination between public health and emergency medicine planning for infectious disease outbreaks to avoid preventable surges in ED utilization.
Need for Standardized Sign‐out in the Emergency Department: A Survey of Emergency Medicine Residency and Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Program Directors
Authors: Sinha Madhumita , Shriki Jesse , Salness Rebecca , Blackburn Paul A. 
Published: December 2006

ObjectivesTo determine the existing patterns of sign‐out processes prevalent in emergency departments (EDs) nationwide. In addition, to assess whether training programs provide specific guidance to their trainees regarding sign‐outs and attitudes of emergency medicine (EM) residency and pediatric EM fellowship program directors toward the need for the development of standardized guidelines relating to sign‐outs.MethodsA Web‐based survey of training program directors of each Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited EM residency and pediatric EM fellowship program was conducted in March 2006.ResultsOverall, 185 (61.1%) program directors responded to the survey. One hundred thirty‐six (73.5%) program directors reported that sign‐outs at change of shift occurred in a common area within the ED, and 79 (42.7%) respondents indicated combined sign‐outs in the presence of both attending and resident physicians. A majority of the programs, 119 (89.5%), stated that there was no uniform written policy regarding patient sign‐out in their ED. Half (50.3%) of all those surveyed reported that physicians sign out patient details “verbally only,” and 79 (42.9%) noted that transfer of attending responsibility was “rarely documented.” Only 34 (25.6%) programs affirmed that they had formal didactic sessions focused on sign‐outs. A majority (71.6%) of program directors surveyed agreed that specific practice parameters regarding transfer of care in the ED would improve patient care; 80 (72.3%) agreed that a standardized sign‐out system in the ED would improve communication and reduce medical error.ConclusionsThere is wide variation in the sign‐out processes followed by different EDs. A majority of those surveyed expressed the need for standardized sign‐out systems.
Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Followed by External-Beam Radiotherapy With 9 Months of Androgen Deprivation for Intermediate- to High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Heymann Jonas J. , Benson Mitchell C. , O'Toole Kathleen M. , Malyszko Bozena , Brody Rachel , Vecchio Darleen , Schiff Peter B. , Mansukhani Mahesh M. , Ennis Ronald D. 
Published: December 2006

Purpose To evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of individualized neoadjuvant androgen deprivation (AD) to maximal response followed by external beam radiotherapy (RT) with continued AD for a total of 9 months in a prospective phase II trial. Patients and Methods One hundred twenty-three patients received a total of 9 months of flutamide and luprolide combined with RT. RT initiation was individualized to begin after maximum response to AD as assessed by monthly digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The neoadjuvant phase was restricted to no more than 6 months. Results Median time to initiation of RT was 4.7 months. Indications to begin RT (and their rates) were undetectable PSA (28%), PSA unchanged from one month to the next (46%), PSA rising from one month to the next (10%), 6 months of AD (14%), and other (2%). Five-year outcomes were biochemical disease-free survival, (DFS) 63% ± 7%; clinical DFS, 75% ± 5%; cancer-specific survival, 99% ± 1%; and overall survival, 89% ± 3%. Patients initiating RT after 6 months of AD had significantly lower biochemical and clinical DFS. Those patients whose testosterone recovered to normal after completion of AD had a significantly superior survival rate. Of those patients potent before treatment, 65% remained so at last follow-up. Conclusion The combination of 9 months of AD and RT, with initiation of RT individualized on the basis of maximum response to AD, achieves disease control rates comparable with past studies, while preserving potency in many patients. Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal combination of AD and RT in this patient population.