bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular markers of micrometastasis in oral cavity carcinomas
Authors: Germani Ross M. , Civantos Francisco J. , Elgart George , Roberts Brenda , Franzmann Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveTo examine the expression of candidate markers for micrometastasis.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of subjects with oral cavity carcinomas who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and subsequent immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis.Subjects and MethodsTwo groups were identified based on SLNB status: negative SLNB (19/30) and positive SLNB (11/30). Specimens underwent IHC using conjugated monoclonal antibodies for membrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP), CD44, focal adhesion kinase‐1, and E‐cadherin. Staining results were evaluated to determine if a particular marker was associated with SLNB status or other histopathologic prognosticators.ResultsFor MT1‐MMP, 21 percent (3/14) of evaluable specimens stained positively in the SLNB(−) group and 67 percent (4/6) stained positively in the SLNB(+) group (P = 0.12). No statistically significant association was seen between any marker's staining pattern and SLNB status alone. When MT1‐MMP staining was evaluated in tumors with SLNB(+) or perineural invasion (PNI) present on histopathology, six of nine specimens (67%) stained positively for MT1‐MMP, vs one of 11 (9%) in specimens lacking either negative prognosticator (P = 0.016, RR = 7.33).ConclusionPreliminary results suggest that MT1‐MMP positivity in primary tumor specimens may identify aggressive tumor types, evidenced by the presence of micrometastasis or PNI.
COMPACT LEFT MULTIPLIERS ON BANACH ALGEBRAS RELATED TO LOCALLY COMPACT GROUPS
Authors: MEHDIPOUR M. J. , NASR-ISFAHANI R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe deal with the dual Banach algebras $L_0^\infty (G)^*$ for a locally compact group G. We investigate compact left multipliers on $L_0^\infty (G)^*$, and prove that the existence of a compact left multiplier on $L_0^\infty (G)^*$ is equivalent to compactness of G. We also describe some classes of left completely continuous elements in $L_0^\infty (G)^*$.
INJECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS WITH EQUAL GAP AND DEFECT
Authors: SANWONG JINTANA , SULLIVAN R. P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSuppose thatXis an infinite set andI(X) is the symmetric inverse semigroup defined onX. Ifα∈I(X), we letdom αand ran αdenote the domain and range ofα, respectively, and we say thatg(α)=|X/dom α| andd(α)=|X/ran α| is the ‘gap’ and the ‘defect’ ofα, respectively. In this paper, we study algebraic properties of the semigroup$A(X)=\{\alpha \in I(X)\mid g(\alpha )=d(\alpha )\}$. For example, we describe Green’s relations and ideals inA(X), and determine all maximal subsemigroups ofA(X) whenXis uncountable.
GROUPS WITH COMMUTING POWERS
Authors: BRANDL ROLF 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA group G satisfies the second Engel condition [X,Y,Y ]=1 if and only if x commutes with xy, for all x,y∈G. This paper considers the generalization of this condition to groups G such that, for fixed positive integers r and s, xr commutes with (xs)y for all x,y∈G. Various general bounds are proved for the structure of groups in the corresponding variety, defined by the law [Xr,(Xs)Y]=1.
CODES ASSOCIATED WITH Sp(4,q) AND EVEN-POWER MOMENTS OF KLOOSTERMAN SUMS
Authors: KIM JI HYUN 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHere we derive a recursive formula for even-power moments of Kloosterman sums or equivalently for power moments of two-dimensional Kloosterman sums. This is done by using the Pless power-moment identity and an explicit expression of the Gauss sum for Sp(4,q).
The complexity of simple tillage systems
Authors: OSWALD A. , DE HAAN S. , SANCHEZ J. , CCANTO R. 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARYIn the Central Peruvian highlands, potatoes are commonly cultivated by smallholder farmers in fields between 3500 and 4300 m asl. Severe climatic conditions, marginal soils and limited access to inputs and infrastructure define these challenging agro-ecological environments. To prepare an adequate seed bed for the potato and mitigate climatic, topographic and labour constraints, Andean farmers have developed distinct footplough-based tillage systems: barbecho, chiwa and chacmeo. A series of field experiments was conducted in 2005/06 and 2006/07 at four different locations to investigate the effect of three different tillage systems on potato tuber yield, varying factors such as cultivars and types and amounts of fertilizer applied. The objective was to improve understanding of the effect of these factors on potato yield and study the potential advantages and disadvantages of each tillage system.The study showed that the type of tillage influenced a great variety of factors. Farmers often use a combination of tillage systems as a strategy to diversify possible risks, considering trade-offs regarding productivity v. yield stability, internal v. external resource use, labour requirement during peak times v. more uniform distribution or extensive v. intensive production. The chiwa and to some extent the chacmeo tillage systems resulted in relatively constant and stable yields for different environments and genetic materials, whereas the more intensive barbecho system sought to optimize growth conditions for the potato crop but was more liable to stress and required external resources. Currently, farmers often use the barbecho system to produce commercial cultivars for the urban markets investing the greatest share of internal and external resources. They use the chiwa and chacmeo systems to produce diverse native cultivars for their home consumption, valorizing their taste, cooking qualities and lower resource requirements.
The effect of single dose versus two doses of praziquantel on Schistosoma haematobium infection and pathology among school-aged children in Mali
Authors: SACKO M. , MAGNUSSEN P. , TRAORÉ M. , LANDOURÉ A. , DOUCOURÉ A. , REIMERT C. M. , VENNERVALD B. J. 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of two doses of 40 mg/kg praziquantel with 2 weeks interval versus a standard single dose of 40 mg/kg on cure rates, egg reduction, intensity of infection, and micro-haematuria in Schistosoma haematobium infections. A randomised controlled intervention study was carried out among school-aged children in two different endemic settings with follow-up at 3, 6 and 18 months following drug administration. Differences in cure rates between the two treatment regimens were not significant. However, in high transmission areas, the double treatment regimen was more effective in egg reduction than single treatment regimen and the difference in egg reduction between the two treatments was significant at 3 months (P<0·005), 6 months (P<0·0001) and 18 months (P<0·003) after treatment. There was a significant difference in the effect of the two treatments on prevalence of micro-haematuria at 18-month follow-up in both Koulikoro (P<0·001) and Selingue (P<0·003). The study shows that although no significant difference could be observed in the overall cure-rates between the two treatment regimens, the effect of double treatment was a significant reduction in infection intensity as well as micro-haematuria which may have a great impact in reducing subtle morbidity.
Praziquantel: its use in control of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa and current research needs
Authors: DOENHOFF M. J. , HAGAN P. , CIOLI D. , SOUTHGATE V. , PICA-MATTOCCIA L. , BOTROS S. , COLES G. , TCHUEM TCHUENTÉ L. A. , MBAYE A. , ENGELS D. 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARYTreatment with praziquantel (PZQ) has become virtually the sole basis of schistosomiasis control in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere, and the drug is reviewed here in the context of the increasing rate that it is being used for this purpose. Attention is drawn to our relative lack of knowledge about the mechanisms of action of PZQ at the molecular level, the need for more work to be done on schistosome isolates that have been collected recently from endemic areas rather than those maintained in laboratory conditions for long periods, and our reliance for experimental work mainly onSchistosoma mansoni, little work having been done onS. haematobium. There is no evidence that resistance to PZQ has been induced in African schistosomes as a result of its large-scale use on that continent to date, but there is also no assurance that PZQ and/or schistosomes are in any way unique and that resistant organisms will not be selected as a result of widespread drug usage. The failure of PZQ to produce complete cures in populations given a routine treatment should therefore solicit considerable concern. With few alternatives to PZQ currently available and/or on the horizon, methods to monitor drug-susceptibility in African schistosomes need to be devised and used to help ensure that this drug remains effective for as long a time as possible.
Myxobolus cerebralis(Myxozoa), the causative agent of whirling disease, reduces fecundity and feeding activity ofTubifex tubifex(Oligochaeta)
Authors: SHIRAKASHI S. , EL-MATBOULI M. 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARYMyxobolus cerebralisis the causative agent of whirling disease that has significant economical and ecological impacts on trout populations. Although intensive studies have been conducted to understand its effects on and interactions with its fish host, only limited information is available about how and to what extentM. cerebralisaffects its oligochaete host,Tubifex tubifex. We investigated the effects ofM. cerebralison survival, growth, reproduction, and feeding activity ofT. tubifex. Mature, immature and juvenile worms were exposed to myxospores and their infection prevalence, mortality, sexual development, reproduction and spore production were compared with unexposed worms. The parasite affected neither survival nor growth but inhibited clitellar development and reduced cocoon production by over 80%. Numbers of actinospores released from mature worms were nearly 9-fold higher than that of immature worms. When non-clitellated infected worms were kept at 30°C for 4 days, spore release ceased and they re-developed a clitellum. These results suggest parasite-induced castration. Comparative monitoring of defecation rate revealed thatM. cerebralisreduced feeding activity ofT. tubifexby approximately 40%. Low energy intake and impaired energetic allocation may be the underlying mechanism behind reduced fecundity of infectedT. tubifex.
Schistosoma mansoniTOR is a tetraspanning orphan receptor on the parasite surface
Authors: LOCHMATTER C. , SCHIFFERLI J. A. , MARTIN P. J. 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARYA trispanning orphan receptor (TOR) has been described inSchistosoma haematobiumandS. mansoni. Here we report the complete molecular organization of theS. mansoniTOR gene, also known as SmCRIT (complement C2 receptor inhibitor trispanning). The SmTOR gene consists of 4 exons and 3 introns as shown by cloning the single exons fromS. mansonigenomic DNA and the corresponding cDNA from the larval stage (cercaria) and the adult worm. The SmTOR ORF consists of 1260 bp and is longer than previously reported, with a fourth trans-membrane domain (proposed new name: Tetraspanning Orphan Receptor) and with, however, an unchanged C2-binding domain on the extracellular domain 1 (ed1). This domain differs inS. japonicum. A protein at the approximate expected molecular weight (55 kDa) was detected in adult worm extracts with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, and was found to be expressed on the tegumental surface of cercariae.
Interaction of homoclinic solutions and Hopf points in functional differential equations of mixed type
Authors: Georgi Marc 
Published: March 2009

We study a homoclinic bifurcation in a general functional differential equation of mixed type. More precisely, we investigate the case when the asymptotic steady state of a homoclinic solution undergoes a Hopf bifurcation. Bifurcations of this kind are diffcult to analyse due to the lack of Fredholm properties. In particular, a straightforward application of a Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction is not possible.As one of the main results we prove the existence of centre-stable and centre-unstable manifolds of steady states near homoclinic orbits. With their help, we can analyse the bifurcation scenario similar to the case for ordinary differential equations and can show the existence of solutions which bifurcate near the homoclinic orbit, are decaying in one direction and oscillatory in the other direction. These solutions can be visualized as an interaction of the homoclinic orbit and small periodic solutions that exist on account of the Hopf bifurcation, for exactly one asymptotic direction t→8 or t→−∞.
Self-similar solutions of the p-Laplace heat equation: the case when p > 2
Authors: Bidaut-Véron Marie Françoise 
Published: March 2009

We study the self-similar solutions of the equationin ℝN, when p > 2. We make a complete study of the existence and possible uniqueness of solutions of the formof any sign, regular or singular at x = 0. Among them we find solutions with an expanding compact support or a shrinking hole (for t > 0), or a spreading compact support or a focusing hole (for t < 0). When t < 0, we show the existence of positive solutions oscillating around the particular solution $\smash{U(x,t)=C_{N,p}(|x|^{p}/(-t))^{1/(p-2)}}$.
‘Rich flames and hired tears’: sugar, sub-imperial agents and the Cuban phoenix of empire
Authors: Curry-Machado Jonathan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper analyses the importation of foreign steam technology into Cuba in the course of the nineteenth century, and the experience of the migrant workers employed to operate it, in order to focus not on Cuba as an isolatable entity, but existing in the context of transnational networks that were involving the island in processes of globalization. This was, at the outset, a ‘sub-imperial’ globalization, operating independently, and implying liberation, from empire. The search for new technologies to enable improvements in sugar production necessarily took the Creole elite beyond the restricted possibilities of the Spanish empire to the industrial centres of the United States, Britain, and France. Such new links helped fuel the emergence of an independent Cuban identity; however, the same globalizing tendencies that were eroding the Spanish empire led Cuba into new forms of imperial domination. The increasing expense of the new steam technology necessitated a growing dependence upon investment from foreign merchant banks, which gradually assumed control over much of the island's production and trade. The same migrant engineers who had begun by assisting Cuban planters took on the role of agents for foreign companies. Rather than contributing their skills, as one more group of migrants in a nation formed out of multiple migrations, these engineers asserted their foreign identity and guarded their privileged position. They came to be seen as symbolic of the process by which Cuba shook off the Spanish yoke only to replace it with another.
The United Kingdom and the political economy of the global oils and fats business during the 1930s
Authors: Olukoju Ayodeji 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article examines an aspect of the globalization of commodity production, exchange, and consumption in the interwar years: the differential impact of protectionism on primary producers in the context of the Great Depression. Focusing on West African oilseeds, especially Nigerian palm produce, it highlights the dilemma of imperial Britain in the synchronic interplay of forces that operated in the north and south, and globally in the two-dimensional inter-product competition of the late 1920s and 1930s. Imperial Britain was caught in intricate and interlocking facets of inter-product competition on the world market, both north–south (palm produce versus whale oil), and south–south (West African palm produce, Indian groundnuts, and Dutch East Indies palm produce). The article highlights the implications and consequences of the extensive interchangeability of these products, the dilemmas of the colonial and imperial governments, reactions to protectionist policies, and the differential impact of the interwar depression upon the growth and freedom of commodity flows within the global economy.
The King's Christmas pudding: globalization, recipes, and the commodities of empire
Authors: O’Connor Kaori 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFood globalization has been in train for some ten millennia,1 driven by, and driving, war, trade, imperialism, colonialism, and culture. Within economic history, the dominant discipline in the study of globalization, only the first four are dealt with in any depth, invariably focusing on production and the supply side. By contrast, there have been relatively few studies of globalization in terms of culture, consumption, and the demand side, resulting in an incomplete understanding of the ways in which material life, cultural values, and political imperatives interact in a global context. These dynamics are examined in this anthropological account of culture and commerce in Britain and the empire in the interwar years, focusing on a dish that assumed tremendous symbolic and economic importance – the King's Christmas pudding
Increasing hospital‐wide delivery of smoking cessation care for nicotine‐dependent in‐patients: a multi‐strategic intervention trial
Authors: Freund Megan , Campbell Elizabeth , Paul Christine , Sakrouge Rebecca , Lecathelinais Christophe , Knight Jenny , Wiggers John , Walsh Raoul A. , Jones Therese , Girgis Afaf , Nagle Amanda 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAims, design and intervention  Smoking care provision to in‐patients is important in assisting smoking cessation and for management of nicotine withdrawal. Limited studies have reported the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase the hospital‐wide provision of such care. A quasi‐experimental matched‐pair trial, involving two intervention and two control hospitals in NSW, Australia, investigated whether a multi‐strategic intervention increased hospital‐wide smoking care provision.Participants and measurements  Patient surveys (n = 274–347 per experimental condition), medical notes audits (n = 181–228) and health professional surveys (n = 229–302) were used to collect outcome data at baseline and follow‐up.Findings  Significantly greater increases in intervention hospitals compared to control hospitals were found for patient‐reported offer of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (intervention 34% versus control 12%), provision of NRT (16% versus 4%) and provision of written resources (11% versus 2%), and for the recording in medical notes of smoking management discussion (13% versus 3%), offer of NRT (24% versus 3%) and provision of NRT (21% versus 5%). Intervention group health professionals reported significantly greater increases in the mean estimate of patients who: had their smoking management discussed (30% versus 17%); were offered or provided with NRT (30% versus 18%); were asked their intention to smoke post‐discharge (22% versus 10%); and were provided with discharge NRT (21% versus 4%).Conclusions  Implementation of a multi‐strategic intervention is effective in increasing hospital smoking care delivery, particularly the provision of NRT. Research is required to identify methods to increase further the delivery of this and other forms of smoking care.
Patterns of change in withdrawal symptoms, desire to smoke, reward motivation and response inhibition across 3 months of smoking abstinence
Authors: Dawkins Lynne , Powell Jane H. , Pickering Alan , Powell John , West Robert 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAims  We have demonstrated previously that acute smoking abstinence is associated with lowered reward motivation and impaired response inhibition. This prospective study explores whether these impairments, along with withdrawal‐related symptoms, recover over 3 months of sustained abstinence.Design  Participants completed a 12‐hour abstinent baseline assessment and were then allocated randomly to quit unaided or continue smoking. All were re‐tested after 7 days, 1 month and 3 months. Successful quitters' scores were compared with those of continuing smokers, who were tested after ad libitum smoking.Setting  Goldsmiths, University of London.Participants  A total of 33 smokers who maintained abstinence to 3 months, and 31 continuing smokers.Measurements  Indices demonstrated previously in this cohort of smokers to be sensitive to the effect of nicotine versus acute abstinence: reward motivation [Snaith–Hamilton pleasure scale (SHAPS), Card Arranging Reward Responsivity Objective Test (CARROT), Stroop], tasks of response inhibition [anti‐saccade task; Continuous Performance Task (CPT)], clinical indices of mood [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)], withdrawal symptoms [Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS)] and desire to smoke.Findings  SHAPS anhedonia and reward responsivity (CARROT) showed significant improvement and plateaued after a month of abstinence, not differing from the scores of continuing smokers tested in a satiated state. Mood, other withdrawal symptoms and desire to smoke all declined from acute abstinence to 1 month of cessation and were equivalent to, or lower than, the levels reported by continuing, satiated smokers. Neither group showed a change in CPT errors over time while continuing smokers, but not abstainers, showed improved accuracy on the anti‐saccade task at 3 months.Conclusion  Appetitive processes and related affective states appear to improve in smokers who remain nicotine‐free for 3 months, whereas response inhibition does not. Although in need of replication, the results suggest tentatively that poor inhibitory control may constitute a long‐term risk factor for relapse and could be a target for intervention.