bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen plasma‐induced conversion of polysiloxane into hydrophilic and smooth SiOx surfaces
Authors: Satriano Cristina , Marletta Giovanni , Kasemo Bengt 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAtomically flat films of poly(hydroxymethyl)siloxane (PHMS) were modified at surfaces by oxygen‐plasma treatments and characterized by several surface sensitive techniques. The purpose was to develop well‐characterized films with SiOx surface properties for various applications.The unmodified and plasma‐treated PHMS films were investigated by angular resolved XPS (ARXPS in situ in the plasma equipment), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle (CA) measurements. The surface chemical composition and wettability underwent pronounced changes upon plasma treatment, while there was no significant change of the original flatness, and both pristine and plasma‐treated surfaces exhibited average roughness values below 0.5 nm.The pristine PHMS surface, having a pronounced hydrophobic character, due to the predominance of methyl groups at the surface‐air interface, became progressively more hydrophilic for increasing O2‐plasma treatment times, due to the formation of SiOxCy(x → 2, y → 0) phases, resulting in a wetting angle of 20° for the longer plasma‐treatment times (60–600 s). The observed wetting angle character was correlated with the carbon (C) and oxygen (O) content at the polymer surface. Aging of the plasma‐treated surfaces was done in air and water, which produced quite different stable wetting angles. After a sufficiently long plasma‐treatment time (≥60 s) a stable wetting angle of 20° –25° was measured, nearly the same as on the freshly plasma‐oxidized surfaces. In contrast, storage in pure water, after the same plasma treatment, gave stable contact angles of 5° or lower. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do managerial ties in China always produce value? Competition, uncertainty, and domestic vs. foreign firms
Authors: Li Julie Juan , Poppo Laura , Zhou Kevin Zheng 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWhile most advocate that foreign firms should utilize managerial ties to conduct business in China, recent literature cautions that such ties may offer only conditional value. This study examines three sources of heterogeneity that may condition the value of ties: firm ownership (foreign vs. domestic), competition, and structural uncertainty. Results from a survey of 280 firms in China indicate that though foreign and domestic firms utilize ties at a similar level, their performance gains from tie utilization differ. Managerial ties have a monotonic, positive effect on performance for domestic firms, whereas the effect is curvilinear (i.e., inverted U‐shaped) for foreign firms. Therefore, compared with domestic firms, foreign firms have a competitive disadvantage from tie utilization. Furthermore, managerial ties are less effective for fostering performance when competition becomes more intense. However, ties lead to higher levels of firm performance when structural uncertainty increases. Overall, these results support the contingency view of managerial ties and caution companies about the unconditional use of ties as the market becomes more heterogeneous. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corruption and market attractiveness influences on different types of FDI
Authors: Brouthers Lance Eliot , Gao Yan , McNicol Jason Patrick 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPrevious studies have proposed that a compensatory model predicts the level of foreign direct investment (FDI) in a country; FDI levels are a result of ‘trade‐offs’ between the positive effect of market attractiveness and the negative influence of corruption. In contrast, we hypothesize and find that the compensatory relationship only holds for market‐seeking investment; for resource‐seeking FDI the model appears to be noncompensatory. Greater market attractiveness mitigates the negative impact of corruption on market‐seeking investment, but the ability of market attractiveness to mitigate the negative impact of corruption on resource‐seeking FDI quickly disappears as corruption levels increase. Implications and future research directions are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spillovers and competition among foreign and local firms in China
Authors: Chang Sea Jin , Xu Dean 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCombining the FDI spillover literature with a competitor analysis framework, we examine the relative size of spillover and competition effects in China between foreign entrants and local firms, among foreign entrants, and among local firms. Our results show that the increased presence of foreign entrants has generally benefited local firms nationally, but has negatively affected the survival rates of local firms in regional markets. Surprisingly, foreign entrants are crowded out not only by their peers, but also by reformed local firms at both the national and regional levels. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms by which amphetamine redistributes dopamine out of vesicles: A computational study
Authors: Wallace Lane J. , Connell Laura E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractComputer simulations of dopamine (DA) and amphetamine interactions associated with dopaminergic storage vesicles were developed in order to better explain how amphetamine causes redistribution of DA out of the vesicles. In the model, DA can be transported into vesicles via the vesicular monoamine transporter. Amphetamine competitively inhibits DA uptake either as a substrate for the transporter or by interference with DA binding to the transporter. Both of the amines can passively diffuse across the membrane in both directions, but only the neutral species can cross the membrane in this manner. The abundance of neutral and positive moieties of the amines is governed by the Henderson‐Hasselbalch equation. The model reproduces experimentally observed steady‐state DA levels in vesicles, vesicles emptying faster after a change of pH inside the vesicle than after a change in access of DA for the vesicular monoamine transporter, and the impact of amphetamine on DA uptake and efflux in a variety of experimental paradigms. The simulations indicate that a small percentage of DA is constantly diffusing out of vesicles and is replaced by DA entering the vesicle by the vesicular monoamine transporter. Low doses of amphetamine cause DA redistribution out of vesicles primarily by inhibiting DA storage while an enhancement of efflux rates as a result of a change in vesicle pH is added at higher concentrations of amphetamine. Synapse 62:370–378, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blockade of globus pallidus adenosine A2A receptors displays antiparkinsonian activity in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats treated with D1 or D2 dopamine receptor agonists
Authors: Simola Nicola , Fenu Sandro , Baraldi Pier G. , Tabrizi Mojgan Aghazadeh , Morelli Micaela 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe have recently demonstrated how antagonism of adenosine A2A receptors within the globus pallidus (GP) ipsilateral to dopaminergic denervation potentiates contralateral rotational behavior induced by the dopamine precursor L‐DOPA in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats. To further characterize the influence of pallidal A2A receptor blockade on the motor stimulant effects elicited by dopamine receptor activation, hemiparkinsonian rats were infused with the water‐soluble A2A antagonist SCH BT2 in the GP, alone or in combination with systemic administration of either SKF 38393 or quinpirole, to stimulate dopamine D1 or D2 receptors, respectively. SCH BT2 alone (5 μg/1 μl) neither altered motor behavior nor produced postural asymmetry. In contrast, the contralateral rotations elicited by SKF 38393 (1.5 mg/kg) as well as quinpirole (0.05 mg/kg) were potentiated by the concomitant intrapallidal infusion of SCH BT2. The results of this study demonstrate that blockade of pallidal A2A receptors exerts a facilitatory influence on the motor effects produced by the selective stimulation of either D1 or D2 dopamine receptors in hemiparkinsonian rats and suggest an involvement of GP in the antiparkinsonian activity of A2A receptor antagonists. Synapse 62:345–351, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increase of dopamine D2Highreceptors in the striatum of rats sensitized to caffeine motor effects
Authors: Simola Nicola , Morelli Micaela , Seeman Philip 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIt has been previously demonstrated how rats can develop behavioral dopamine supersensitivity after long‐term administration of caffeine. Since behavioral dopamine supersensitivity in rats is usually accompanied by an elevation in striatal dopamine D2Highreceptors, we examined whether alterations in D2Highreceptors occurred in the striatum of rats administered caffeine according to a regimen capable of eliciting behavioral dopamine supersensitivity (15 mg/kg i.p. every other day for 14 days). An increase of 126% in striatal D2Highreceptors was found in caffeine‐sensitized rats. This marked elevation in D2Highreceptors may account for the caffeine‐induced behavioral dopamine supersensitivity and may help elucidate the interactions between caffeine and dopamine neurotransmission. Synapse 62:394–397, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Energy‐saving Technologies for Automobiles
Authors: Teratani Tatsuo , Mizutani Ryoji , Yamamoto Keiichi , Anegawa Takafumi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSince entering the 21st century, we have been facing a globally urgent need for all nations, without exception, to deal with environmental concerns such as global warming and energy issues arising from the depletion of fossil fuels. As a countermeasure, next‐generation vehicles for a recycling‐based society that are energy‐efficient, compact, light, low‐cost and reliable need to spread in the society. In this study, we will explain the basic philosophy of how to approach next‐generation energy‐saving technologies for automobiles, the current status and technological issues of internal combustion engines (ICE), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), electric vehicles (EVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) with the latest examples. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Environmentally‐friendly Aspects and Innovative Lightweight Traction System Technologies of the Shinkansen High‐speed EMUs
Authors: Hagiwara Yoshiyasu 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn 1964, the Tokaido Shinkansen marked the start of the world's first commercial service high‐speed railway that operates at over 200 km/h. Since then, the Tokaido Shinkansen has demonstrated successful business and technological advancement. With the speeding‐up of the Shinkansen, environmental matters such as noise and vibration have become critical issues. Measures taken to counter noise and vibration—such as weight reduction and aerodynamics—also effect global environmental measures to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emission. With the introduction of the Series 300, there was a system change of applying an AC drive system, and the lightweight body realized performance improvement over the earlier Series 0.The high‐speed EMUs have readily taken advantage of technological innovation such as those achieved in electronics technology. In particular, an innovative AC drive system comprising a power converter with a GTO thyristor and asynchronous motors realized a high‐performance and lightweight traction system for high‐speed EMUs in the 1990s. Furthermore, recent innovations in electronics technology, such as low switching loss power devices and high‐power permanent magnets, have improved the AC drive systems of the high‐speed EMUs of the 21st century.This article starts out by introducing environmentally friendliness of the Shinkansen trains in terms of low energy consumption by means of traction system change, and then proceeds to describe the recent technological innovations that have given birth to lightweight traction systems, such as the Permanent Magnet Synchronous traction Motor (PMSM) and power converters with train‐draft‐cooling systems. The article concludes by summing up the environmentally friendly aspects of the Tokaido Shinkansen. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Energy‐Saving Technologies for Inverter Air Conditioners
Authors: Ohyama Kazunobu , Kondo Toshinari 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAlmost all residential air conditioners in Japan are inverter air conditioners in which a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is driven by a PWM inverter. The inverter technology can reduce the energy consumption to less than half that of air conditioners driven by a constant‐speed induction motor (IM). This paper reviews the trends and the latest energy‐efficient technologies for the motor and the power converter that achieve considerable energy saving. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Association Rule Mining for Continuous Attributes using Genetic Network Programming
Authors: Taboada Karla , Gonzales Eloy , Shimada Kaoru , Mabu Shingo , Hirasawa Kotaro , Hu Jinglu 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMost of the existing association rule mining algorithms are able to extract knowledge from databases with attributes of binary values. However, in real‐world applications, databases are usually composed of continuous values such as height, length or weight. If the attributes are continuous, the algorithms are commonly integrated with a discretization method that transforms them into discrete attributes. Discretization is a process of transforming a continuous attribute value into a finite number of intervals and assigning each interval into a discrete numerical value. However, the user most often must specify the number of intervals, or provide some heuristic rules to be used while discretization, and then it is difficult to get the highest attribute interdependency and at the same time get the lowest number of intervals. In this paper we present an association rule mining algorithm that is suited for continuous valued attributes commonly found in scientific and statistical databases. We propose a method using a new graph‐based evolutionary algorithm named ‘genetic network programming (GNP)’ that can deal with continuous values directly, that is, without using any discretization method as a preprocessing step. GNP represents its individuals using graph structures and evolves them in order to find a solution; this feature contributes to creating very compact programs and implicitly memorizing past action sequences. In the proposed method using GNP, the significance of the extracted association rules is measured by the use of χ2test, and only important association rules are stored in a pool all together through generations. Results of experiments conducted on a real‐life database suggest that the proposed method provides an effective technique for handling continuous attributes. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hydrogen‐Gas Detection System and its Functions to Make Each Sensor Wireless
Authors: Yokosawa Koichi , Nakano Sadaki , Goto Yasushi , Saitoh Kazuo , Tsukada Keiji 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA prototype system for detecting hydrogen‐gas leaks in hydrogen filling stations was fabricated. The prototype is composed of a wireless network with 10 sensor nodes for monitoring the spatial distribution of hydrogen‐gas concentration. To make each sensor node to be driven by a battery, field‐effect transistor (FET) sensors and a microprocessor with low power consumption were used. Additionally, two functions were devised and implemented in the microprocessor in each node: one reduces the power consumption of each sensor node and the other controls the transmission to avoid communication congestion when a gas leak occurs. The use of batteries and wireless communications enables the nodes to be placed at optimal sensing locations without regard to the wiring needed with existing gas sensors. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Determination of Activation Energies and Electric Dipole Moment of In‐Plane Highly Electrically Conductive Hetero‐C12TCNQ/C20 LB Films Using Thermally Stimulated Current
Authors: Kushida Masahito , Imaizumi Yoshiaki , Sakayori Ayako , Totsuka Megumi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe activation energies of in‐plane highly electrically conductive 2‐dodecyl‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (C12 TCNQ)/arachidic acid (C20) hetero‐LB films and C12TCNQ homo‐LB films were determined by thermally stimulated current (TSC) measurement. The TSC curves for the upper Al electrode/C12TCNQ/C20/lower Al electrode were nearly of the same shape as those for the upper Al electrode/C12TCNQ/lower Al electrode. The activation energies of the upper Al electrode/C12TCNQ/C20/lower Al electrode and upper Al electrode/C12TCNQ/lower Al electrode were 0.9–1.3 eV at 55–80°C and 1.6–1.8 eV at 105–120°C, respectively. The TSC curves for the upper Al electrode/C12TCNQ/C20/lower Al electrode and upper Al electrode/C12TCNQ/lower Al electrode had two peaks at 55–80°C owing to the depolarization of the electric dipole and two peaks at 105–120°C owing to the movement of space charges in the C12TCNQ molecule. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generation of Anode Spot in Low‐Current DC Vacuum Arcs by the Effect of Embedded Magnet in the Anode
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuki , Wanninayake W. M. R. R. , Yanagidaira Takeshi , Sato Naoyuki , Tsuruta Koichi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractExperiments were conducted with the aim of keeping low‐current DC vacuum arcs stable. A permanent columnar magnet was embedded in the anode and a permanent disk‐shaped magnet was arranged behind the anode. As result, the arc plasma is strongly constricted to a column and a light emitting point appeared on the anode surface. Generation of the anode spot was confirmed by detecting anode metal vapor and ions using mass and spectroscopic analyses under low‐current arcs of less than 20 A. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Youth‐Adult Partnerships in Decision Making: Disseminating and Implementing an Innovative Idea into Established Organizations and Communities
Authors: Zeldin Shepherd , Petrokubi Julie , MacNeil Carole 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe principles and processes for engaging youth‐adult partnerships (Y‐AP) in organizational and community decision making have often been articulated from developmental and social justice perspectives. A broad empirical foundation for Y‐AP has been established. Y‐AP remains an innovative idea in the United States, however. The belief that youth and adults can, and should, collaborate on issues of importance runs counter to prevailing policies, institutional structures, and community norms. 4‐H Youth Development is one public system that is actively seeking to disseminate and implement Y‐AP. 4‐H Youth Development seeks to integrate Y‐AP into its own governance structures as well as those of local government and community coalitions. Through qualitative analysis of the efforts in one Midwestern state, this study examines the contextual challenges faced by county staff—the providers of program support within 4‐H Youth Development—and the ways in which county staff respond to these obstacles. This project identifies the goals, leverage points, and strategies through which county staff seek to integrate Y‐AP into established forums of decision making. Implications for the dissemination and implementation of principle and process‐based innovation are offered, with special attention to the role of the program support system.
Bridging Science to Practice: Achieving Prevention Program Implementation Fidelity in the Community Youth Development Study
Authors: Fagan Abigail A. , Hanson Koren , Hawkins J. David , Arthur Michael W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the development, application, and results of an implementation monitoring component of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention framework used in the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS) to ensure high‐fidelity prevention program implementation. This system was created based on research that community‐based implementation of evidence‐based prevention programs often includes adaptations in program design, content, or manner of delivery (Gottfredson and Gottfredson, Journal of research in crime and delinquency, 39, 3–35, 2002; Hallfors and Godette, Health Education Research, 17, 461–470, 2002; Wandersman and Florin, American Psychologist, 58, 441–448, 2003). A lack of fidelity to the implementation standards delineated by program designers is one indicator of a gap between prevention science and practice which can lessen the likelihood that communities will realize the positive participant effects demonstrated in research trials. By using the CTC model to select and monitor the quality of prevention activities, the 12 CYDS communities replicated 13 prevention programs with high rates of adherence to the programs' core components and in accordance with dosage requirements regarding the number, length, and frequency of sessions. This success indicates the potential of the CTC program implementation monitoring system to enhance community Prevention Delivery Systems (Wandersman et al. American Journal of Community Psychology, this issue) and improve the likelihood of desired participant changes.
Role of physical activity in the prevention of falls and their consequences in the elderly
Authors: Pereira Catarina L. N. , Vogelaere Peter , Baptista Fátima 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis work aims to provide an inventory of the risk factors and consequences of falling in the elderly, namely fractures, and to identify strategies to prevent falls and minimise their effects. Falls in elderly people are a major cause of injuries, leading to a general fear of falling, poorer quality of life and even death. The increase in life expectancy brought by developments in the medical and health sciences has not always brought enhanced quality of life. More elderly people live with reduced functional capacities resulting in a higher prevalence of falls and associated problems for themselves and for society. Risk factors for falling, commonly resulting from normal aging processes, have already been identified through multiple studies. Exercise may play an important role in fall prevention and their consequences. Although, effective strategies are usually multi-disciplinary and focus simultaneously on several risk factors. However, only large-scale prevention programmes can have significant effective social impact. To minimise occurrence and consequences of falls, policies to systematically implement prevention programmes should be established.