bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotechnology: the language of multiple views in Māori communities
Authors: Te Momo O. H. Fiona 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn Aotearoa (New Zealand), the government funded studies on communicating biotechnology to different sectors in the community from 2003 to 2006. Subsequently, a researcher covering the Māori sector performed a content analysis of data gathered in the community. Qualitative analysis methods included examining text from participant interviews, focus groups, government documents, newspapers, Internet sites, and current literature. Content was coded by identifying common themes in the English and the Māori language. Words like genetic modification (GM), genetic engineering (GE), and biotechnology were explained to provide a basic understanding between the communities and researcher. The terminology applied in the research was essential to achieve communication between the researcher and the community. The resultant themes represented seven views to interpret the communities association with biotechnology: purist Māori, religious Māori, anti Māori, pro Māori, no Māori, uncertain Māori, and middle Māori views. The themes are taken from the analysis of data compiled after 3 years of completing different stages of a research project. The views indicate that a common understanding can be achieved in the diverse range of Māori tribal communities providing those communicating biotechnology can identify the view and interpretations communities associate with biotechnology. This knowledge is essential for government agencies, researchers, community practitioners, scientist, and businesses that desire to dialogue with Māori communities in the language of biotechnology.
Transparent communication strategy on GMOs: Will it change public opinion?
Authors: Sinemus Kristina , Egelhofer Marc 
Published: August 2007

AbstractInnovations are central for the economic growth; however, the use of new technologies needs to be widely accepted in the general public and the society as a whole. Biotechnology in general, and the use of genetic engineering in food production in particular are seen critically by the European public and perceived as “risky”, and a transatlantic divide between European and US citizens has been observed. This review investigates the reasons for those differing perceptions and proposes new strategies to communicate the benefits of biotechnology in agriculture to a broader public. When analyzing the dialogue process that has taken place between public, scientists, governmental organizations and industry, questions arise on what has been done differently in Europe, in order to propose new, more successful and efficient communication strategies for the future.
Enhancement of PCB degradation by Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 in biphasic systems by manipulating culture conditions
Authors: Rehmann Lars , Daugulis Andrew J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTwo‐phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs) can be used to biodegrade environmental contaminants after their extraction from soil. TPPBs are typically stirred tank bioreactors containing an aqueous phase hosting the degrading microorganism and an immiscible, non‐toxic and non‐bioavailable organic phase functioning as a reservoir for hydrophobic compounds. Biodegradation of these compounds in the aqueous phase results in thermodynamic disequilibrium and partitioning of additional compounds from the organic phase into the aqueous phase. This self‐regulated process can allow the delivery of large amounts of hydrophobic substances to degrading microorganisms. This paper explores the reactor conditions under which the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degrader Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 can degrade significant amounts of the PCB mixture Aroclor® 1242. Aroclor® degradation was found to stall after approximately 40 h if no carbon source other than PCBs was available in the reactor. Sodium pyruvate was found to be a suitable carbon source to maintain microbial activity against PCBs and to function as a substrate for additional cell growth. Both biphenyl (while required during the inoculum preparation) and glucose had a negative effect during the Aroclor® degradation phase. Initial Aroclor® 1242 degradation rates in the presence of pyruvate were high (6.2 mg L−1 h−1) and 85% of an equivalent concentration of 100 mg Aroclor® 1242 per L aqueous phase could be degraded in 48 h, which suggest that solvent extraction of PCBs from soil followed by their biodegradation in TPPBs might be a feasible remediation option. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 521–528. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purification of equine IgG using membrane based enhanced hybrid bioseparation technique: A potential method for manufacturing hyperimmune antibody
Authors: Wang Lu , Sun Xinghua , Ghosh Raja 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHyperimmune equine IgG is widely used as antivenom and anti‐rabies agents. This article discusses a membrane based enhanced hybrid bioseparation technique for efficient and scalable purification of equine immunoglobulin G (IgG) from horse serum. This technique is an improved version of a standard hybrid bioseparation technique developed within our group earlier for fractionation of human plasma proteins (Ghosh. 2004. J Membr Sci 237: 109–117). In the presence of a high antichaotropic salt concentration, equine IgG is selectively and reversibly captured within a stirred cell membrane module from horse serum, partly due to precipitation and microfiltration, and partly due to hydrophobic interaction based membrane adsorption, while the impurities are washed out from the device. The reversibly sequestered IgG is then released by lowering the salt concentration which favor both dissolution of the precipitated IgG and desorption of the membrane bound IgG. The enhanced hybrid bioseparation technique improves the IgG recovery from the membrane module by switching from a stirring to non‐stirring mode during the IgG release phase. It also reduces membrane fouling by an appropriate pH switch. The effects of operating conditions on equine IgG capture were first systematically studied. The enhanced hybrid bioseparation technique was followed by an ultrafiltration step to remove ammonium sulfate and low molecular weight impurities. The equine IgG purity obtained under optimized conditions was 88% and its recovery was over 90%, both being significantly higher than corresponding values obtained using currently used purification techniques. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 625–633. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monitoring of fluoroquinolone residual levels in chicken eggs by microbiological assay and confirmation by liquid chromatography
Authors: Cho Hee‐Jung , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Goudah Ayman , Sung Gi‐Min , Yi Hee , Seo Dong‐Cheol , Kim Jin‐Suk , Shim Jae‐Han , Jeong Ji‐Yoon , Lee Soon‐Ho , Shin Ho‐Chul 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to develop a simple, rapid, and efficient method for the simultaneous determination of four fluoroquinolone residues, ciprofloxacin (CFX), danofloxacin (DFX), enrofloxacin (EFX) and norfloxacin (NFX), in chicken eggs. The samples were first monitored by microbiological assay using Escherichia coli as the reference organism, and were then quantified using HPLC with a fluorescence detector. Egg samples were extracted by the liquid‐phase extraction process, and the analytes were analyzed via an ODS column using a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.4% phosphoric acid–0.4% triethylamine (15: 85, v/v) as a mobile phase (pH = 2) without purification. The calibration curves were linear (r2 ≥ 0.999) over a concentration range of 0.1–1.0 µg/mL. The majority of the mean recoveries at four different fortification levels, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm, ranged from 73.7 ± 7.2% to 87.1 ± 12.7%, and the repeatability (as the relative standard deviation) from three repetitive determinations of recovery was between 1.03 and 18.83%. The calculated limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 9 ppb for CFX, EFX and NFX and 0.6 ppb for DFX. Both the bioassay and HPLC methods were applied to 120 total egg samples collected from the six major cities in the Republic of Korea. The bioassay, showed that two samples were positive (i.e contained inhibiting substances). On the other hand, the results of HPLC only identified and quantified the residues of enrofloxacin (from 0.43 to 1.02 ppm) in three samples out of 120. We concluded that the bioassay can be used as a routine screening method for the presence of fluoroquinolones in chicken eggs, which can be confirmed and quantified using LC. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Up to Seven‐Component Adducts by Unprecedented Multiple Alkyne and Carbonyl Insertions in the Metal–Carbon Bond of Chromium Alkoxy Alkynyl Carbene Complexes
Authors: Barluenga José , García‐García Patricia , Fernández‐Rodríguez Manuel A. , Rocaboy Christian , Aguilar Enrique , Andina Facundo , Merino Isabel 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChromium alkoxy alkynyl Fischer carbene complexes react with symmetrical internal alkynes to form new and different organometallic species, which result from consecutive insertions of several alkyne units and carbonyl groups into the metal–carbon bond. The insertion sequence can be controlled and, by slight modification of the reaction conditions, it can be directed to the preparation of either seven‐ or five‐component adducts. Three molecules of alkyne, two carbonyl groups, the carbene ligand and the chromium metal moiety partake in the creation of seven new carbon–carbon bonds and two five‐membered carbocycles in the first case while four new carbon–carbon bonds, a σ CrC(sp2) bond and a cyclopentadienyl moiety are built in the second case. Evidence that five‐component chromium complexes are intermediates in the formation of seven‐component adducts is provided; they are also able to insert a unit of a different internal alkyne which confers more diversity to the seven‐component adducts. The presence of the σ CrC(sp2) bond has also been exploited to develop the synthesis of both cyclopentene‐fused and novel spiro‐cyclopentenones as well as symmetrical biscyclopentenones. Finally, the isolation of six‐component adducts, when tolane was employed as the initial alkyne, provides further support to the proposed mechanism.
Numerische und experimentelle Untersuchung der Partikelbewegung beim Plasmaschweißen
Authors: Tchikango Siagam A. , Giese P. , Brenner G. , Wesling V. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPlasma‐Pulver‐Verfahren werden heute bei einer Vielzahl schweißtechnischer Aufgaben eingesetzt. Besonders weit verbreitet ist hierbei die Herstellung von Beschichtungen zum Verschleiß‐ oder Korrosionsschutz durch das Plasma‐Pulver‐Auftragsschweißen (PPA). Zur Optimierung des Verfahrens wird zunächst eine Aufklärung der Vorgänge angestrebt, die zu einer maximalen Auftragsleistung (also maximal umgesetzte Pulvermenge pro Zeiteinheit) führen. Von Interesse sind hierbei insbesondere die Gas‐ und Partikelströmung im Bereich zwischen Schweißdüse und Werkstück.Zur Untersuchung der komplexen Einflussgrößen bei der Auslegung des Schweißprozesses wurden Strömungssimulationen (CFD) durchgeführt. Die Validierung der Berechnungen dienten Geschwindigkeitsmessungen mit der Particle Image Velocimetrie (PIV). Dieses Messverfahren ermöglicht einerseits die Erfassung der Geschwindigkeit der Gasphase, andererseits kann die Geschwindigkeit der dispersen Partikelströmung untersucht werden. Aufgrund der hohen Intensität des Plasmalichts wurde in den vorliegenden Untersuchungen ein modifizierter PIV‐Aufbau verwendet. Vergleiche zwischen Numerik und Messungen zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung der Geschwindigkeitsfelder für größere Partikel. Für eine für die Praxis relevante simultane Untersuchung von Partikeln verschiedener Größen ist eine modifizierte Datennachbearbeitung in Erwägung zu ziehen, die auf der Einteilung des von den Partikeln gestreuten Lichts in verschiedene Intensitätsbereiche beruhen würde.
Ectopic expression and dynamics of TPM1α and TPM1κ in myofibrils of avian myotubes
Authors: Wang Jushuo , Sanger Jean M. , Kang Songman , Thurston Harold , Abbott Lynn Z. , Dube Dipak K. , Sanger Joseph W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFrom the four known vertebrate tropomyosin genes (designated TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4) over 20 isoforms can be generated. The predominant TPM1 isoform, TPM1α, is specifically expressed in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. A newly discovered alternatively spliced isoform, TPM1κ, containing exon 2a instead of exon 2b contained in TPM1α, was found to be cardiac specific and developmentally regulated. In this work, we transfected quail skeletal muscle cells with green fluorescent proteins (GFP) coupled to chicken TPM1α and chicken TPM1κ and compared their localizations in premyofibrils and mature myofibrils. We used the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to compare the dynamics of TPM1α and TPM1κ in myotubes. TPM1α and TPM1κ incorporated into premyofibrils, nascent myofibrils, and mature myofibrils of quail myotubes in identical patterns. The two tropomyosin isoforms have a higher exchange rate in premyofibrils than in mature myofibrils. F‐actin and muscle tropomyosin are present in the same fibers at all three stages of myofibrillogenesis (premyofibrils, nascent myofibrils, mature myofibrils). In contrast, the tropomyosin‐binding molecule nebulin is not present in the initial premyofibrils. Nebulin is gradually added during myofibrillogenesis, becoming fully localized in striated patterns by the mature myofibril stage. A model of thin filament formation is proposed to explain the increased stability of tropomyosin in mature myofibrils. These experiments are supportive of a maturing thin filament and stepwise model of myofibrillogenesis (premyofibrils to nascent myofibrils to mature myofibrils), and are inconsistent with models that postulate the immediate appearance of fully formed thin filaments or myofibrils. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical management and outcome of papillary and follicular (differentiated) thyroid cancer presenting with distant metastasis at diagnosis
Authors: Sampson Elliot , Brierley James D. , Le Lisa W. , Rotstein Lorne , Tsang Richard W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Differentiated thyroid cancer has a good prognosis and only rarely presents with distant metastasis at diagnosis. The clinical outcome of this presentation was assessed with respect to survival and factors that may determine prognosis.METHODS.A retrospective review was undertaken of patients with stage M1 differentiated thyroid cancer at presentation (n = 49), referred from 1980–2000 at a single institution.RESULTS.The median age was 68 (range, 17–90), with 69% females. The initial site(s) of metastasis were lung only, 45%, bone only, 39%, other single site, 4%, and multiple sites, 12%. Histology: papillary, 51%, follicular, 49%. Initial treatment(s) included: thyroidectomy, 82%, radioactive iodine (RAI), 88%, excision of metastasis, 29%, radiotherapy, 47%, and chemotherapy, 6%. With a median follow‐up time of 3.5 years, 25 patients are alive (51%) and 24 died (49%), with 3‐year and 5‐year actuarial survivals of 69% and 50%, respectively. Only a minority of patients (4/25, 16%) had no clinical evidence of disease at last follow‐up. Most deaths (17/24, 71%) were due to progressive cancer. Prognosis was associated with age, site of metastasis, histology, and iodine avidity of the metastasis. Patients aged ≤45 (n = 8) had a 3‐year survival of 100%, versus 62% for those age > 45 years (P = .001). The 3‐year survival for lung only versus bone only metastasis was 77% versus 56% (P = .02); for papillary versus follicular carcinoma, 75% versus 62% (P = .006); for iodine‐avid disease (n = 29) versus not avid (n = 14), 82% versus 57% (P = .02), respectively. In multivariate analysis after adjusting for age, only histology and iodine avidity remained significant for survival. The hazard ratio for follicular histology was 3.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–12.1, P = .03), and for tumors not avid for iodine, 3.4 (95% CI, 1.2–9.2, P = .02).CONCLUSIONS.The data support the aggressive management of patients presenting with stage M1 thyroid cancer, with thyroidectomy and RAI. Complete clinical eradication of disease was rarely seen, and 50% of patients survived for more than 5 years. Young patients with papillary tumors and/or iodine‐avid disease have an even better prognosis. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Increased host neuronal survival and motor function in BMT Parkinsonian mice: Involvement of immunosuppression
Authors: Keshet Gilmor I. , Tolwani Ravi J. , Trejo Angelica , Kraft Peggy , Doyonnas Regis , Clayberger Carol , Weimann James M. , Blau Helen M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe examined the potential of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to rescue dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). A BMT from mice transgenic for green fluorescent protein (GFP+) given either before or after administration of the neurotoxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) led to the accumulation of transplanted adult GFP+bone‐marrow‐derived cells (BMDC) in the substantia nigra, where dopaminergic neurodegeneration occurs in PD. Post‐BMT, mice exposed to MPTP had substantially greater numbers of endogenous tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive neuronal cell bodies in the substantia nigra and increased dopamine transporter‐positive projections into the striatum compared to controls. Moreover, motor function was restored to normal within 1 month post‐MPTP in BMT‐treated mice assayed by a rotarod behavioral test. The effect of BMT on PD was indirect, as no evidence of BMDC fusion with or transdifferentiation into dopaminergic neurons was observed. BMDC activated by BMT or associated factors could play a trophic role in rescuing damaged cells. Alternatively, the beneficial effects of BMT are due to immunosuppression reflected by a reduction in the proportion of T‐cells and a reduction of T‐cell proliferation in BMT mice. These findings highlight that when immunosuppression is required for transplantation studies, the amelioration of symptoms may not be due to the transplant itself. Further, they suggest that the immune system plays a role in the development of characteristics typical of PD. J. Comp. Neurol. 504:690–701, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vaccination with plasmacytoid dendritic cells induces protection against infection with Leishmania major in mice
Authors: Remer Katharina A. , Apetrei Calin , Schwarz Tobias , Linden Christian , Moll Heidrun 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDC‐based vaccination against Leishmania major induces a parasite‐specific Th1 response and long‐lasting protective immunity in susceptible mice. Since distinct DC subsets have been proposed to direct the predominant development of either Th1 or Th2 cells, we analyzed the capability of plasmacytoid DC (pDC) to induce protection and elicit a Th1 response against L. major. Pulsing with L. major lysate induced the activation and maturation of semi‐mature murine pDC that had been isolated from the spleen, as indicated by up‐regulation of the co‐stimulatory molecules CD86 and CD80, but did not enhance the level of IFN‐α secretion by pDC. Vaccination of susceptible mice with L. major lysate‐pulsed pDC induced highly effective T cell‐mediated immunity against subsequent infection with L. major parasites. Surprisingly, the protection was not accompanied by a polarized Th1 cytokine profile. Co‐activation of pDC with CpG‐containing oligodeoxynucleotides, which has been shown to be critical for activating the protective potential of myeloid DC, was not required for the protective effect of L. major antigen‐pulsed pDC. These findings demonstrate that antigen‐loaded pDC are able to induce T cell‐mediated protection against a parasite disease and that experimental leishmaniasis is a suitable model to elucidate the mechanisms underlying DC‐based vaccination against infections.
Nod1 and Nod2 induce CCL5/RANTES through the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Werts Catherine , le Bourhis Lionel , Liu Jianguo , Magalhaes Joao G. , Carneiro Leticia A. , Fritz Jörg H. , Stockinger Silvia , Balloy Viviane , Chignard Michel , Decker Thomas , Philpott Dana J. , Ma Xiaojing , Girardin Stephen E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe Nod‐like receptor proteins Nod1 and Nod2 participate in innate immune responses against bacteria through intracellular detection of peptidoglycan, a component of bacterial cell wall. Recent evidence has demonstrated that Nod1 stimulates the release of chemokines that attract neutrophils at the site of infection, such as CXCL8/IL‐8 in humans, and CXCL1/keratinocyte‐derived chemokine and CXCL2/MIP‐2 in mice. We aimed to determine whether Nod proteins could trigger the release of CCL5/RANTES, a chemokine known to attract a number of immune cells, but not neutrophils. Our results demonstrate that activation of both Nod1 and Nod2 results in substantial secretion of CCL5 by murine macrophages. Moreover, in vivo, the intraperitoneal injection of murine Nod1 or Nod2 agonists resulted in a rapid secretion of CCL5 into the bloodstream. We also observed that Nod‐dependent secretion of CCL5 did not correlate with the induction of the interferon‐β pathway, a major signaling cascade for the activation of CCL5 by viruses. In contrast, we identified a key role of the NF‐κB pathway in Nod‐dependent stimulation of the CCL5 promoter. Together, these results identify a novel target downstream of Nod1 and Nod2, which is likely to play a key role in orchestrating the global Nod‐dependent immune defense during bacterial infections.
NF‐κB p50 and p65 subunits control intestinal homeostasis
Authors: Gadjeva Mihaela , Wang Yanyan , Horwitz Bruce H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMice which lack the p50 subunit of NF‐κB and are heterozygous for the p65 subunit (3X mice), are exquisitely sensitive to LPS‐induced shock. Here, we demonstrate that prior to becoming moribund, 3X mice challenged with LPS develop a profound enteropathy. The enteropathy is characterized by defects in intestinal barrier function, increased epithelial apoptosis, and deregulated intestinal cytokine gene expression. The defect that sensitizes 3X mice to LPS‐induced enteropathy is located within the innate immune compartment, as LPS induced similar findings in 3X mice lacking lymphocytes (3X/RAG). TNF‐α depletion ameliorated the ability of LPS to induce pathology and TNF‐α was able to independently induce similar findings, suggesting that TNF‐α plays a critical role in the development of LPS‐induced pathology in these mice. These data highlight that NF‐κB subunits have essential functions in regulating intestinal homeostasis during acute inflammation.
Supramolecular Threaded Complexes from Fullerene–Crown Ether and π‐Extended TTF Derivatives
Authors: Illescas Beatriz M. , Santos José , Díaz Marta C. , Martín Nazario , Atienza Carmen M. , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA series of π‐extended TTFs (exTTFs) bearing one (8, 16,19) or two (14) dibenzylammonium units have been threaded through a dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (DB24C8) ring covalently linked to a C60 sphere. Whereas 8 and 14 were prepared in a multistep synthetic procedure involving Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions affording rigid donors, exTTFs 16 and 19 were prepared by direct esterification reactions leading to more flexible systems. Complexation experiments carried out by 1H NMR titration and fluorescence studies show the formation of stable supramolecular dyads with binding constants ranging from 103 to 104 M–1. Although the UV/Vis and CV studies reveal the lack of interaction between the electroactive species (C60 and exTTF) in the ground state, fluorescence data indicate the presence of an electronic interaction in the excited state. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)