bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid metabolism and FA composition in tissues of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis as influenced by dietary fats
Authors: Xu Xueliang , Kestemont Patrick 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis, were fed a semipurified fat‐free diet for 4 wk, followed by a 16% feeding supplementation of either olive oil (OO), safflower oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), or cod liver oil (CLO) as the only lipid source in each diet for 10 wk. Significant reductions in total lipid of tissues were observed (31.4% in viscera, 66.7% in muscle, and 74.1% in liver) after feeding the fat‐free diet. The SO‐, LO‐, and CLO‐fed fish significantly increased lipid deposition in liver and viscera compared to fish fed the OO diet; however, muscle lipid levels were not significantly affected. Large amounts of dietary 18∶1n−9 were incorporated directly into tissue lipids when fish were fed the OO diet. The LO diet significantly elevated 18∶4n−3, 20∶5n−3, 22∶5n−3, and 22∶6n−3 in the liver compared to fish fed OO or SO diets, and the n−3/n−6 ratio was 16 times that of the SO group, with significantly high desaturation and elongation products of 18∶3n−3. These results suggest that Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases are highly active in Eurasian perch, and that the enzymes at this dietary n−3/n−6 ratio favor 18∶3n−3 over 18∶2n−6 as substrate. The SO diet significantly increased 18∶3n−6, 20∶3n−6, and 22∶5n−6 in the liver and significantly decreased EPA and DHA. This indicates that desaturation enzymes were not specifically favoring n−3 over n−6 acids in perch lipid metabolism, and that these elongation and desaturation enzymes were influenced by n−3 and n−6 FA content in the diet. The present study indicates that high tissue content of DHA in the muscle of Eurasian perch was attributable to the greater ability for n−3 acid bioconversion.
Changes in lipid molecular species and sterols of microsomal membranes during aging of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seed‐tubers
Authors: Zabrouskov Vladimir , Knowles N. Richard 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChanges in sterols and the molecular species composition of polar lipids from microsomal membranes were characterized as a prerequisite to determining how lipid chemistry affects membrane susceptibility to peroxidation during aging of potato tubers. Polar lipid content of the microsomal fraction fell 17% (protein basis) as tubers aged from 2 to 38 mon at 4°C. In younger seed‐tubers, PC concentration (protein basis) was the highest, followed by digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), PE, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), and PI. PC and PE increased 14 and 27%, respectively, whereas glycolipids fell 64 and PI 43% with advancing age. These changes resulted in PC and PE dominating the microsomal membrane lipids of 38‐mon‐old tubers. Nonpositional analysis of lipid molecular species across lipid pools showed an increase in 16∶0/18∶3, 18∶3/18∶3, and 18∶2/18∶3 (PC and PE only), and a decline in 18∶2/18∶2 and 16∶0/18∶2 (except for MGDG) with advancing tuber age. The increase in 18∶3‐bearing species effected a linear increase in double‐bond index (DBI) of PC and PE during aging. The DBI of DGDG did not change with age; however, it fell 65% for MGDG, resulting in an overall decrease in average microsomal DBI. In addition, Δ5‐avenasterol and stigmasterol concentrations increased 1.6‐ and 3.3‐fold, respectively, effecting a significant increase in the sterol/phospholipid ratio with advancing tuber age. The increase in sterol/phospholipid ratio and the possibility that the increased unsaturation of microsomal membranes reflects a compensatory response to maintain optimal membrane function in light of the age‐induced loss of galactolipid and PI are discussed.
Selective (R)‐3‐hydroxylation of FA by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Weil Kerstin , Gruber Patrick , Heckel Frank , Harmsen Dag , Schreier Peter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSoil samples were screened for microorganisms selectively transforming FA. One of the isolated strains was identified as the bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by its phenotypic features and genotypic characterization by sequencing the ribosomal RNA gene. Using linoleic acid as substrate resulted in the formation of two major compounds. After liquid chromatographic isolation and separation, their structures were elucidated by HPLC‐tandem MS, GC‐MS, and NMR techniques to be 3‐hydroxy‐Z6‐dodecenoic acid and 3‐hydroxy‐Z5, Z8‐tetradecadienoic acid. In additional experiments, other FA, such as α‐linolenic, oleic, palmitoleic, myristoleic, and cis‐vaccenic acids, were converted to 3‐hydroxylated metabolites of shorter chain lengths as well. Determination of the enantiomeric composition revealed highly enriched (R)‐hydroxylation (88–98% enantiomeric excess).
Saturated and unsaturated anteiso‐C19 acids in the seed lipids from Hesperopeuce mertensiana (Pinaceae)
Authors: Destaillats Frédéric , Wolff Robert L. , Angers Paul 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMinor uncommon FA from Hesperopeuce mertensiana (a gymnosperm species of the Pinaceae family) seed oil were characterized through a combination of silver ion TLC of their FAME, and GLC coupled with MS of their picolinyl derivatives. These uncommon components have the structures 16‐methyloctadecanoic (anteiso‐19∶0), 16‐methyl‐cis‐9‐octadecenoic (anteiso‐19∶1), and 16‐methyl‐cis‐9,cis‐12‐octadecadienoic (anteiso‐19∶2) acids. These branched C19 acids were identified earlier in the wood of Picea abies, which would indicate that such acids could be widespread, though minor, components of Pinaceae lipids.
Distribution of medium‐chain FA in different lipid classes after administration of specific structured TAG in rats
Authors: Mu Huiling , Høy Carl‐Erik 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStructured TAG (STAG) containing medium‐chain FA (MCFA) in the sn‐1,3 positions and essential FA in the sn‐2 position were synthesized by lipase‐catalyzed acidolysis. In our previous studies we found that part of the MCFA from STAG could be absorbed in the small intestine; however, it was unclear how they were absorbed. In order to get a better understanding of the metabolism of STAG to improve future design and application of STAG, in the present study lymph lipids collected after feeding STAG were fractionated into different classes and the FA composition of each lipid class was studied by GC after methylation to FAME. Caprylic acid was detected in the fraction of TAG only after administration of 1,3‐dioctanoyl‐2‐linoleyl‐sn‐glycerol (8∶0/18∶2/8∶0), whereas lauric acid was detected in TAG, DAG, and FFA as well as phospholipids after administration of 1,3‐didodecanoyl‐2‐linoleyl‐sn‐glycerol (12∶0/18∶2/12∶0). We conclude that the enterocyte has the ability to reacylate the MCFA into TAG and that the intestinal absorption of MCFA from STAG mainly occurs by resynthesis of TAG. Caprylic acid from STAG is not incorporated into phospholipids, whereas lauric acid from STAG can be incorporated into phospholipids.
Habitual fish intake is associated with decreased LDL susceptibility to ex vivo oxidation
Authors: de Gordoa Juan Carlos Ruiz , de Renobales Mertxe , del Cerro Ana , de Labastida Eva Fernández , Amiano Pilar , Dorronsoro Miren ,   the EPIC Group of Spain E
Published: November 2006

AbstractA sample of 101 free‐living individuals eating their habitual diets had fish consumptions ranging from less than one serving per week to over five servings per week. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the amounts of EPA (20:5), DHA (22:6), and total n‐3 PUFA ingested with the diet and their amounts in serum and in the phospholipid and cholesterol ester fractions of isolated LDL. No statistically significant correlations were observed between the intake and the serum or LDL amounts of any other FA [total n‐6 PUFA, linoleic acid (18:2), arachidonic acid (20:4), monounsaturated FA, or saturated FA)]. The increase in serum n‐3 PUFA did not affect the Trolox‐equivalent antioxidant capacity of serum (1.18 ±0.17 mmol/l). When isolated LDI were subjected to Cu2+‐induced ex vivo oxidation, a statistically significant but negative correlation was found between intake of n‐3 PUFA and the rate of appearance of conjugated dienes as well as with the total amount of conjugated dienes. In contrast, intake of n‐6 PUFA showed a significant and positive correlation with these two oxidation parameters. The observed results suggest that 22:6 but not 20:5 could have a possible protective effect, whereas perhaps 20:4 and 18:2 could have a prooxidant effect.
Dietary conjugated linolenic acid in relation to CLA differently modifies body fat mass and serum and liver lipid levels in rats
Authors: Koba Kazunori , Akahoshi Asuka , Yamasaki Masao , Tanaka Kazunari , Yamada Koji , Iwata Toshio , Kamegai Takeshi , Tsutsumi Kentaro , Sugano Michihiro 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe present study compared the effect of dietary conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) on body fat and serum and liver lipid levels with that of CLA in rats. FFA rich in linoleic acid, α‐linolenic acid, CLA, or CLNA were used as experimental fats. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats (4 wk old) were fed purified diets containing 1% of one of these experimental fats. After 4 wk of feeding, adipose tissue weights, serum and liver lipid concentrations, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and leptin levels, and hepatic β‐oxidation activities were measured. Compared with linoleic acid, CLA and, more potently, CLNA were found to reduce perirenal adipose tissue weight. The same trend was observed in the weight of epididymal adipose tissue. CLNA, but not CLA, was found to significantly increase serum and liver IG concentrations. Serum FFA concentration was also increased in the CLNA group more than in the other groups. The activity of β‐oxidation in liver mitochondria and peroxisomes was significantly higher in the CLNA group than in the other groups. Thus, the amount of liver TG exceeded the ability of hepatic β‐oxidation. Significant positive correlation was found between the adipose tissue weights and serum leptin levels in all animals (vs. perirenal: r=0.557, P<0.001; vs. epididymal: r=0.405, P<0.05). A less significant correlation was found between adipose tissue weights and serum TNF‐α level (vs. perirenal: r=0.069, P<0.1; vs. epididymal: r=0.382, P<0.05). Although the mechanism for the specific effect of CLNA is not clear at present, these findings indicate that in rats CLNA modulated the body fat and TG metabolism differently from CLA.
Dose effect of α‐linolenic acid on PUFA conversion, bioavailability, and storage in the hamster
Authors: Morise Anne , Combe Nicole , Boué Carole , Legrand Philippe , Catheline Daniel , Delplanque Bernadette , Fénart Evelyne , Weill Pierre , Hermier Dominique 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIf an increased consumption of α‐linolenic acid (ALA) is to be promoted in parallel with that of n−3 long‐chain‐rich food, it is necessary to consider to what extent dietary ALA can be absorbed, transported, stored, and converted into long‐chain derivatives. We investigated these processes in male hamsters, over a broad range of supply as linseed oil (0.37, 3.5, 6.9, and 14.6% energy). Linoleic acid (LA) was kept constant (8.5% energy), and the LA/ALA ratio was varied from 22.5 to 0.6. The apparent absorption of individual FA was very high (>96%), and that of ALA remained almost maximum even at the largest supply (99.5%). The capacity for ALA transport and storage had no limitation over the chosen range of dietary intake. Indeed, ALA intake was significantly correlated with ALA level not only in cholesteryl esters (from 0.3 to 9.7% of total FA) but also in plasma phospholipids and red blood cells (RBC), which makes blood components extremely reliable as biomarkers of ALA consumption. Similarly, ALA storage in adipose tissue increased from 0.85 to 14% of total FA and was highly correlated with ALA intake. As for bioconversion, dietary ALA failed to increase 22∶6n−3, decreased 20∶4n−6, and efficiently increased 20∶5n−3 (EPA) in RBC and cardiomyocytes. EPA accumulation did not tend to plateau, in accordance with identical activities of Δ5‐ and Δ6‐desaturases in all groups. Dietary supply of ALA was therefore a very efficient means of improving the 20∶4n−6 to 20∶5n−3 balance.
A critical evaluation of Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of lipids: Fatty acid methyl esters
Authors: Beattie J. Renwick , Bell Steven E. J. , Moss Bruce W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe work presented here is aimed at determining the potential and limitations of Raman spectroscopy for fat analysis by carrying out a systematic investigation of C4−C24 FAME. These provide a simple, well‐characterized set of compounds in which the effect of making incremental changes can be studied over a wide range of chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation. The effect of temperature on the spectra was investigated over much larger ranges than would normally be encountered in real analytical measurements. It was found that for liquid FAME the best internal standard band was the carbonyl stretching vibration ρ(C=O), whose position is affected by changes in sample chain length and physical state; in the samples studied here, it was found to lie between 1729 and 1748 cm−1. Further, molar unsaturation could be correlated with the ratio of the ρ(C=O) to either ρ(C=C) or δ(H−C=) with R2>0.995. Chain length was correlated with the δ(CH2)tw/ρ(C=O) ratio, (where “tw” indicates twisting) but separate plots for odd‐ and even‐numbered carbon chains were necessary to obtain R2>0.99 for liquid samples. Combining the odd‐ and even‐numbered carbon chain data in a single plot reduced the correlation to R2=0.94–0.96, depending on the band ratios used. For molal unsaturation the band ratio that correlated linearly with unsaturation (R2>0.99) was ρ(C=C)/δ(CH2)sc (where “sc” indicates scissoring). Other band ratios show much more complex behavior with changes in chemical and physical structure. This complex behavior results from the fact that the bands do not arise from simple vibrations of small, discrete regions of the molecules but are due to complex motions of large sections of the FAME so that making incremental changes in structure does not necessarily lead to simple incremental changes in spectra.
Dietary intake of essential and long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy
Authors: Loosemore Elizabeth D. , Judge Michelle P. , Lammi‐Keefe Carol J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe dietary intake of EFA and long‐chain PUFA (LCPUFA) by women with (n=14) and without (n=31) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was determined by repeated 24‐h recalls. Women with GDM consumed significantly more energy as fat compared with women who had uncomplicated pregnancies; absolute dietary fat did not differ. Dietary n−3 LCPUFA was substantially lower than the current recommendation for pregnancy, whereas intake of saturated FA (SFA) exceeded it. We conclude that replacing dietary sources of SFA with those of EFA and LCPUFA, especially n−3 LCPUFA, would benefit the dietary fat profiles of all pregnant women.
Low concentration of oxidized low density lipoprotein suppresses platelet reactivity in vitro: An intracellular study
Authors: Chou Duen‐Suey , Hsiao George , Shen Ming‐Yi , Fong Tsorng‐Harn , Lin Chien‐Huang , Chen Tzeng‐Fu , Sheu Joen‐Rong 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe intracellular mechanisms underlying oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)‐signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure and findings have been controversial. Therefore, we examined the influence of oxLDL in washed human platelets. In this study oxLDL concentration‐dependently (20–100 μg/mL) inhibited platelet aggregation in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 μg/mL) and arachidonic acid (60 μM), but not by thrombin (0.02 U/mL). The activity of oxLDL was greater at 24 h in inhibiting platelet aggregation than at 12 h. At 24 h, oxLDL concentration‐dependently inhibited intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and thromboxane B2 formation in human platelets stimulated by collagen. In addition, at 24 h oxLDL (40 and 80 μg/mL) significantly increased the formation of cyclic AMP, but not cyclic GMP or nitrate. In an ESR study, 24 h‐oxLDL (40 μg/mL) markedly reduced the ESR signal intensity of hydroxyl radicals (OH−) in both collagen (2 μg/mL)‐activated platelets and Fenton reaction (H2O2+Fe2+). The inhibitory effect of oxLDL may induce radical‐radical termination reactions by oxLDL‐derived lipid radical interactions with free radicals (such as hydroxyl radicals) released from activated platelets, with a resultant lowering of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization followed by inhibition of thromboxane A2 formation, thereby leading to increased cyclic AMP formation and finally inhibited platelet aggregation. This study provides new insights concerning the effect of oxLDL in platelet aggregation.
Dietary TAG source and level affect performance and lipase expression in larval sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Morais S. , Cahu C. , Zambonino‐Infante J. L. , Robin J. , Rønnestad I. , Dinis M. T. , Conceição L. E. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe influence of dietary TAG source (fish oil, triolein, and coconut oil) and level (7.5 and 15% of the diet) on growth, lipase activity, and mRNA level was studied in sea bass larvae, from mouth opening until day 24 and from day 37 to 52. Fish oil and triolein induced better growth in both experiments, this being significant at a higher dietary level. Coconut oil significantly decreased growth at the higher level, possibly as the result of an excessive supply of medium‐chain TAG. Growth was not related to lipase specific activity, suggesting a production in excess to dietary needs. Body lipid content was positively related to dietary lipid level and was affected by lipid quality. In addition, larval FA composition generally reflected that of the diet. The source of dietary lipid, but not the quantity, was shown to affect lipase activity significantly. Coconut oil diets induced the highest lipase activity, whereas the effect of fish oil was age dependent‐it was similar to coconut oil at day 24 but induced the lowest lipase activity in 52‐d‐old larvae. The differential lipase response was probably caused by differences in the FA composition of the diet, related to the specificity of lipase toward FA differing in chain length and degree of saturation. No significant differences were found in lipase/glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA, which suggests the existence of a posttranscriptional regulation mechanism.
Distribution of tocopherols and tocotrienols to rat ocular tissues after topical ophthalmic administration
Authors: Tanito Masaki , Itoh Nanako , Yoshida Yasukazu , Hayakawa Mieko , Ohira Akihiro , Niki Etsuo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWith increasing evidence suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress in various disorders and diseases, the role of antioxidants in vivo has received much attention. Chemically, tocopherols and tocotrienols are closely related; however, it has been observed that they have widely varying degrees of biological effectiveness. The present study has been carried out in an attempt to deepen our understanding of whether there is a significant difference in distribution between tocopherol and tocotrienol homologs to rat eye tissues. Rats were administered 5 μl of pure tocopherol or tocotrienol to each eye once a day for 4 d. Various tissues of the eyes were separated and analyzed for tocopherol and tocotrienol concentrations. The concentration of α‐tocotrienol increased markedly in every tissue to which it was administered; however, no significant increase was observed in the case of α‐tocopherol. The intraocular penetration of γ‐tocopherol and γ‐tocotrienol did not differ significantly. Additionally, a significant increase in total vitamin E concentration was observed in ocular tissues, including crystalline lens, neural retina, and eye cup, with topical administration using a relatively small amount (5 μL) of vitamin E, whereas no significant increase was observed when the same amount of vitamin E was administered orally. Topical administration of tocotrienols is thus an effective way to increase ocular tissue vitamin E concentration.
Formation of genotoxic dicarbonyl compounds in dietary oils upon oxidation
Authors: Fujioka Kazutoshi , Shibamoto Takayuki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDietary oils—tuna, salmon, cod liver, soybean, olive, and corn oils—were treated with accelerated storage conditions (60°C for 3 and 7 d) and a cooking condition (200°C for 1 h). Genotoxic malonaldehyde (MA), glyoxal, and methylglyoxal formed in the oils were analyzed by GC. Salmon oil produced the greatest amount of MA (1070±77.0 ppm of oil) when it was heated at 60°C for 7 d. The highest formation of glyoxal was obtained from salmon oil heated at 60°C for 3 d. More glyoxal was found from salmon and cod liver oils when they were heated for 3 d (12.8±1.10 and 7.07±0.19 ppm, respectively) than for 7d (6.70±0.08 and 5.94±0.38 ppm, respectively), suggesting that glyoxal underwent secondary reactions during a prolonged time. The amount of methyglyoxal formed ranged from 2.03±0.13 (cod liver oil) to 2.89±0.11 ppm (tuna oil) in the fish oils heated at 60°C for 7 d. Among vegetable oils, only olive oil yielded methylglyoxal (0.61±0.03 ppm) under accelerated storage conditions. When oils were treated under cooking conditions, the aldehydes formed were comparable to those formed under accelerated storage conditions. Fish oils produced more MA, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal than did vegetable oils because the fish oils contained higher levels of long‐chain PUFA, such as EPA and DHA, than did the vegetable oils. A statistically significant correlation (P<0.05) between the α‐tocopherol content and the oxidation parameters was obtained from only MA and fish oils heated at 60°C for 3 d.
Fatty acids of the seeds of Origanum onites L. and O. vulgare L.
Authors: Azcan Nezihe , Kara Mustafa , Demirci Betül , Başer K. Hüsnü Can 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSeed oils of Origanum onites L. from the Antalya and Mugla regions and O. vulgare L. from the Kirklareli region of Turkey were extracted with hexane in a Soxhlet apparatus. The oil yields were 14.1–20.0 and 18.5%, respectively. FA compositions of the seed oils were determined by GC and GC/MS. Twenty FA were identified in both O. onites and O. vulgare seeds. The major FA of both species were linolenic (56.3–57.0%; 61.8%), linoleic (21.5–21.7%; 18.8%), oleic (8.7–8.9%; 5.9%), palmitic (5.9–6.5%; 5.5%), stearic (2.1–2.4%; 2.1%), and (Z)‐11‐octadecenoic (0.6–0.8%; 0.5%), respectively.
New approach to the analysis of oxidized triacylglycerols in lipoproteins
Authors: Suomela Jukka‐Pekka , Ahotupa Markku , Sjövall Olli , Kurvinen Juha‐Pekka , Kallio Heikki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe oxidation of human LDL lipids and the structures of oxidized TAG molecules found in LDL were investigated. Pooled samples of 10 normolipidemic and 10 hyperlipidemic subjects were analyzed. For determination of the oxidation levels, the LDL baseline diene conjugation (LDL‐BDC) method was used. A method based on HPLC and electrospray ionization‐MS was optimized and applied to the analysis of molecular structures of oxidized TAG in LDL. Differences were found between the oxidation levels of the samples. The LDL‐BDC value was 22.2 μmol/L serum in the normolipidemic group, and 88.1 μmol/L serum in the hyperlipidemic group. The amounts of oxidized TAG molecules were small. However, several species of oxidized TAG were identified. These included TAG molecules with a keto or an epoxy group attached to a FA, and TAG molecules with a FA core aldehyde. In some TAG, the keto/epoxy ratio was greater in the hyperlipidemic group compared to the normolipidemic group. The results show that our approach is applicable to research on lipid oxidation in lipoproteins.