bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basisch substituierte Pyrrolidin‐2,5‐dione, 1. Mitt. Synthese racem. und optisch aktiver N‐Methylpyrrolidindione
Authors: Knabe Joachim , Konrad Horst 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAusgehend von Phenyl‐ (1) und 2‐Thienylbernsteinsäure (2) wurden über die 3‐monosubstituierten Pyrrolidindione 3/4 die basisch substituierten Pyrrolidindione 5/6 synthetisiert. Durch katalytische Hydrierung der 3‐Phenylverbindungen 5 wurden die 3‐Cyclohexylpyrrolidindione 7 hergestellt. Die Enantiomere von 5a, 5b, 6a und 6b wurden durch Racematspaltung mit Binaphthylphosphorsäure, die von 5c und 5d durch Spaltung mit Camphersulfonsäure gewonnen. Die Enantiomere von 7a–7c lieferte die katalytische Hydrierung der Enantiomere von 5a–5c.
Synthese, Kristallstruktur und Derivatisierungen des unsubstituierten 3,5‐Pyrazolidindions
Authors: Fritsch Gerrit , Zinner Gerwald , Beimel Marianne , Mootz Dietrich , Wunderlich Hartmut 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBei den vor längerer Zeit versuchten Darstellungen des unsubstituierten monomeren 3,5‐Pyrazolidindions (2) konnte allenfalls ein Polymer der Zusammensetzung [C3H4O2N2]x isoliert werden. Erst die Cyclisierung von Malonsäureethylesterhydrazid in methanolischer Lösung unter Zusatz von Natriummethanolat führte kürzlich zum Erfolg. Der Strukturbeweis des so gewonnenen Produktes konnte über die üblichen analytischen Methoden erbracht werden; die Hydrazid‐Funktion und die aktive Methylengruppe ließen sich darüberhinaus auch präparativ nachweisen. Die Molekülgeometrie von 2 wurde durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt.
Syntheses and H2‐Antagonistic Activity of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole‐2,5‐diamines
Authors: Wegner Kurt 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie aktuelle Entwicklung von H2‐Antihistaminika1) richtet sich verstärkt auf solche Verbindungen, die anstelle offenkettiger polarer Gruppierungen (Cyanoguanidin, Nitroethendiamin) Heteroarylendiamin‐Systeme in der Seitenkette enthalten, wie Triazoldiamine oder das 1,2,5‐Thiadiazol3,4‐diamin2). Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es daher, das mit letzterem isomere 1,3,4‐Thiadiazol‐2,5‐diamin mit Strukturelementen Bewährter H2‐Blocker zu kombinieren.
Improved Synthesis of Racemic Parasorbic Acid
Authors: Eicher Theophil , Graf Richard , Pick Rigobert 
Published: October 2006

AbstractParasorbinsäure (cis‐5‐Hydroxyhex‐2en‐1‐säurelacton, 6) zeigt eine Reihe von bemerkenswerten biologischen Aktivitäten1). Synthesen sind für das Racemat2,3) und für das S‐Enantiomer4) in der Literatur beschrieben. Wir teilen nachstehend eine Modifikation der Synthese von Lamberti et al.2) mit, die eine ökonomische Darstellung der rac.‐Parasorbinsäure im präparativen Maßstab ermöglicht und über eine Fünf‐Stufen‐Sequenz mit einer Gesamt‐Ausbeute von 45% (Lit.2) ca. 5%) verläuft.
Entzündungshemmende Wirkstoffe, 10. Mitt.1). 1‐(4‐Chlorphenyl)‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐on‐Derivate
Authors: Kreutzberger Alfred , Kolter Karl 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAus der durch s‐Triazin (1) initiierten Aminomethinylierung des 1‐(4‐Chlorphenyl)‐3‐methyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐ons (2) geht das 4‐Aminomethylen‐1(4‐chlorphenyl)‐3‐methyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐on (4) hervor, das einerseits zur C‐Rubazonsäure 5, andererseits in Gegenwart sekundärer Amine 6 zu den Dehydro‐C‐Mannich‐Basen 7 weiterreagieren kann.
Naphtho[2,3‐c]pyrane und Benz[g]isochinoline aus 6‐Methoxy‐2H‐pyran‐3(6H)‐on1)
Authors: Eiden Fritz , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDurch Cycloaddition des Methoxy‐dihydro‐3‐pyranons 2 mit dem Isobenzofuran 1 entsteht 3 (exo/endo), das durch Dehydratisierung, Reduktion und erneute Wasserabspaltung in das Naphtho[2,3‐c]pyran 6 übergeführt werden kann. Reaktion mit Ammoniumacetat/Essigsäure bildet das Benzisochinolin 7, aus dem man durch N‐Alkylierung und Hydrierung das Tetrahydro‐Derivat 9 gewinnen kann.
Prospective multicentre evaluation of adverse outcomes following treatment for complicated diverticular disease
Authors: Constantinides V A , Tekkis P P , Senapati A 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe choice of operation for complicated diverticular disease is contentious. The aim of this study was to investigate adverse events following restorative (primary resection and anastomosis, PRA) and non-restorative (Hartmann's procedure, HP) surgery for complicated diverticular disease.MethodsFive hundred and thirty-nine patients who presented with complicated diverticular disease in 42 centres over a 12-month period from January 2003 were considered for the study. Data were collected prospectively from 248 patients (46·0 per cent) who underwent PRA and 167 (31·0 per cent) who had HP. A propensity score was developed for case-mix adjustment. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to evaluate differences in operative outcomes.ResultsMortality, surgical and medical complication rates were 4·0, 31·0 and 13·7 per cent respectively after PRA, and 23·4, 53·3 and 40·7 per cent for HP (all P &lt; 0·001). After adjusting for the propensity score, the HP group had a 2·1- and 1·9-fold increase in medical and surgical complications respectively compared with those who had PRA, whereas the operative mortality rate was not significantly different. Non-colorectal surgeons performed a significantly higher proportion of HPs in the non-elective setting than colorectal surgeons (80·6 versus 60·4 per cent; χ2 = 8·31, 1 d.f., P = 0·004).ConclusionPRA with or without a proximal diversion is more often performed non-electively by specialist colorectal surgeons. It may be a safe procedure for complicated diverticular disease in selected patients as it may be associated with fewer postoperative adverse events.
Relationship between CD38 expression on peripheral blood T‐cells and monocytes, and response to antiretroviral therapy: A one‐year longitudinal study of a cohort of chronically infected ART‐naive HIV‐1+ patients
Authors: Almeida Maria , Cordero Miguel , Almeida Julia , Orfao Alberto 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackground:HIV‐1 infection has been associated with high expression of CD38 on peripheral blood (PB) CD8+ and CD4+ T‐cells, which has been related with poor prognosis in untreated HIV‐1+ patients. In turn, CD38 expression on PB monocytes from HIV‐1+ individuals and its behavior after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been poorly studied.Methods:CD38 expression on PB CD8+ and CD4+ T‐lymphocytes and monocytes was prospectively analyzed in 30 ART‐naive HIV‐1+ patients, using a quantitative multiparameter flow cytometry approach. Patients were tested prior to therapy, and at weeks +2, +4, +8, +12, and +52 after ART.Results:Prior to ART, CD38 expression was significantly increased on PB CD8+ and CD4+ T‐cells and monocytes; despite a significant decrease after ART, CD38 expression remained abnormally high on PB CD8+ T‐cells and monocytes, even after one year of therapy, in the absence of detectable plasma viral load. The ART‐induced early changes on CD38 expression by PB T‐cells and monocytes differed among the cell subsets analyzed and patient groups, probably reflecting an interaction between the direct effects of therapy and a redistribution of the PB compartments of T‐cells and monocytes. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the overall pattern of changes in CD38 expression observed early after starting ART was predictive of a better response to therapy, not only for PB CD8+ T‐cells, but also for CD4+ T‐cells and monocytes. Accordingly, those HIV‐1+ patients, who experienced a more pronounced increase in CD38 expression on both PB CD4+ T‐cells and monocytes after 2 weeks of ART, showed a more rapid viral clearance, which might reflect decreased HIV‐1 replication in lymph nodes and other tissues, and a partial restoration of hematopoiesis.Conclusions:Combined quantitative measurement of CD38 expression on PB monocytes, and CD8+ and CD4+ T‐cells is a more useful tool for monitoring HIV‐1+ patients under ART, rather than quantitation of CD38 expression on PB CD8+ T‐lymphocytes alone. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Microstructure and magnetic properties of aerosol‐deposited Sm‐Fe‐N thick films
Authors: Maki Tomohito , Sugimoto Satoshi , Kagotani Toshio , Inomata Koichiro , Akedo Jun 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this study, the relationship among magnetic properties, Aerosol Deposition (AD) conditions, and microstructures in Sm‐Fe‐N AD films was investigated. The maximum thickness of 145µm was obtained under AD conditions of gas flow rate (gfr)=6liters/min for 10 min. The density of Sm‐Fe‐N films was in the range of 5.43 to 6.24g/cm3, that is, 71 to 81% of the X‐ray density of the Sm2Fe17N3 compound reported (7.67g/cm3). The Sm‐Fe‐N AD films showed remanence in the range of 0.38 to 0.42 T, that is, 61 to 68% of that of the Sm‐Fe‐N host powder (0.62 T). The coercivities increased from 1.16 to between 1.74 and 1.79 T after the deposition because the grain size decreased from 1.94µm to 0.32µm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 158(1): 8–13, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20214
Transient response of closed‐loop MHD experimental facility
Authors: Takana Hidemasa , Okuno Yoshihiro , Yamasaki Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTransient responses of a closed‐loop MHD experimental facility from nonpower generation to power generation have been investigated by means of time‐dependent quasi‐one‐dimensional numerical simulations. For the long‐time continuous power generation experiment, the time required to obtain the steady state for the power generation is estimated to be approximately 20 hours. By increasing the electrical input power to the heater as an exponential function of time, the temperature increment of ceramics can be moderated. When the duration of the experiment is around 10 minutes, argon gas temperature at the exit of the heater hardly changes because of the large heat capacity of structure materials. It is found that the fluid disturbances are induced at the instant of the power generation and they propagate as they repeatedly reflect at the sudden change of duct shape. Since all of the induced disturbances attenuate approximately 0.4 second after the power generation, the time scale that the disturbances exist in the facility is estimated to be 1 second at most. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 158(1): 46–52, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20237
A study of economic evaluation of demand‐side energy storage system in consideration of market clearing price
Authors: Furusawa Ken , Sugihara Hideharu , Tsuji Kiichiro , Mitani Yasunori 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn Japan the electricity market will open on April 1, 2004. Electric utility, Power Producer and Supplier (PPS), and Load Service Entity (LSE) will join the electricity market. LSEs purchase electricity based on the Market Clearing Price (:MCP) from the electricity market. LSEs supply electricity to the customers that contracted with the LSEs on a certain electricity price, and one to the customers that introduced Energy Storage System (:ES) on a time‐of‐use pricing. It is difficult for LSEs to estimate whether they have any incentive to promote customers to introduce ES or not. This paper evaluates the reduction of LSEs' purchasing cost from the electricity market and other LSEs' purchasing cost by introducing ES to customers. It is clarified which kind of customers has the effect of decreasing LSEs' purchasing cost and how much MCP of the whole power system the demand‐side energy storage systems change. Through numerical examples, this paper evaluates the possibility of giving the cost merit to both customers with energy storage systems and LSE by using real data for a year's worth of MCP. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 158(1): 22–35, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20447
Does an index futures split enhance trading activity and hedging effectiveness of the futures contract?
Authors: Nordén Lars 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecently, several stock index futures exchanges have experimented with an altered contract design to make the contract more attractive and to increase investor accessibility. In 1998, the Swedish futures exchange (OM) split the OMX‐index futures contract with a factor of 4:1, without altering any other aspect of the futures contract design. This isolated contract redesign enables a ceteris paribus analysis of the effects of a futures split. The purpose is to investigate whether the futures split affects the futures market trading activity, as well as hedging effectiveness and basis risk of the futures contract. A bivariate GARCH framework is used to jointly model stock index returns and changes in the futures basis, and to obtain measures of hedging efficiency and basis risk. Significantly increased hedging efficiency and lower relative basis risk is found following the split. In addition, evidence of an increased trading volume is found after the split, whereas the futures bid‐ask spread appears to be unaffected by the split. The results are consistent with the idea that the futures split has enhanced trading activity and hedging effectiveness of the futures contract, without raising the costs of transacting at the futures market. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:1169–1194, 2006
Dynamic trading value at risk: Futures floor trading
Authors: Lee Jongdoo , Locke Peter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSpeculative traders' dynamic trading strategies are not easy to model, because they depend on latent information flows and preferences. As a result, the risks involved in such strategies may only be revealed by examining empirical distributions of ex post returns to traders engaged in speculative activities. The authors' comprehensive data from futures floor trader's proprietary trading allows for an empirical examination of one prominent type of speculative trader risk. It is shown that floor trader “value at risk” can be predicted somewhat, using simple market variables such as volume and volatility. Although some predictability for the crosssectional distribution of floor trader income, and hence risk was found, not much was determined in terms of trader‐specific characteristics. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:1217–1234, 2006
Effect of entrapped gas on peatland surface level fluctuations
Authors: Strack M. , Kellner E. , Waddington J. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPeat is a highly compressible medium and changes in peat surface level in response to shifts in water storage and entrapped gas volume have been reported previously. Since both peat compressibility and capacity to entrap gas are related to peat structure, we hypothesize that the relationship between water table and surface level may vary across a peatland. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationships between peat surface level positions, water table positions and subsurface gas pools at local topographic low‐lying areas within a poor fen, which differ in peat properties and vegetation cover. Three sites were investigated, two with highly movable surfaces (FA and FB) and one which was more stable (NF). Deviations from the water table position–surface level position relationship (residuals) appear to be related to changes in atmospheric pressure. However, this relationship varied between FA and NF. The differences in these relationships were supported by distinct patterns of gas dynamics between these sites. Ebullition tended to occur only during periods of falling atmospheric pressure at FA, whereas it occurred much more frequently at NF without atmospheric pressure being the primary control. Evidence of ebullition based on changes in volumetric water content below the water table were supported by ebullition measured by surface gas traps and by shifts in pore water pressure deviation. These different responses of surface level fluctuations to changes in atmospheric pressure between sampling locations are likely related to variations in peat properties between the sites. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tributyltin compounds induce male characteristics on female mud snails Nassarius obsoletus = Ilyanassa obsoleta
Authors: Smith Blakeman S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSuperimposition of male characteristics on to normal females of this dioecious snail is prevalent near marinas in estuaries. In the laboratory it can be caused by exposure to parts per billion concentrations of three organotin biocides: tributyltin oxide, tributyltin resinate and tributyltin chloride. Occurrence of such abnormalities in natural populations is thus an indicator of organotin pollution which might present an environmental hazard.
Safety evaluation of cimetidine: 54 month interim report on long‐term study in dogs
Authors: Crean G. P. , Leslie G. B. , Walker T. F. , Whitehead S. M. , Roe F. J. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCimetidine [N″‐cyano‐N‐methyl‐N′‐2[(5‐methylimidazol‐4‐yl)methylthio]ethyl guanidine] was administered orally to eight male and four female beagle dogs at a dose level of 144 mg per kg body weight per day. Four males and two females received placebo tablets. Dosing began in March 1976. During the first 26 months of dosing the animals became obese – the control animals more so than the cimetidine‐treated. Since month 27 feeding time was restricted and there has been an overall weight loss. Some control animals are still obese. One control male and one dosed female have been killed because they developed convulsions. No treatment‐related effects on haematology, clinical biochemistry, urinalysis, electrocardiography or clinical condition have been seen. Three out of the five surviving control animals but none of the 11 surviving cimetidine‐dosed animals have developed cataracts. Biopsies of gastric mucosa taken during endoscopy in months 41, 47 and 53 have shown no changes attributable to cimetidine treatment.
Reproduction and teratology study of 1,3‐butanediol in rats
Authors: Hess Frederick G. , Cox George E. , Bailey David E. , Parent Richard A. , Becci Peter J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of 1,3‐butanediol on reproductive performance as well as its teratogenic, dominant lethal and cytogenetic effects were studied in five generations of Wistar rats. Animals of both sexes were fed either control diet or diet supplemented with 1,3‐butanediol at dose levels of 5, 10 or 24% of the diet by weight. Reproduction and lactation parameters were comparative to controls for four of five generations of dams and pups. In contrast, the pregnancy rate of F1A rats decreased during five successive mating cycles; no pups were obtained in the high‐dose level group of the fifth series of litters (F2E generation). Excluding this group, the viability of F2 generation pups revealed no significant differences between litters or between control and test groups. No definitive dose‐related teratological findings were found in either soft or skeletal tissue examinations of F3B generation rats. However, incomplete ossification of sternebrae occurred frequently in mid‐ and high‐dose fetuses, whereas missing sternebrae were noted especially in high‐level fetuses. Both skeletal tissue findings suggest slight delayed fetal growth. For the dominant lethal assay of the F1B generation, the mutagenic index (percentage resorptions per implant sites) revealed no dose‐related trend. In the three‐generation cytogenetic study, no 1,3‐butanediol related chromosomal aberrations were noted.
Methylmercury poisoning in the Iraqi suckling infant: A longitudinal study over five years
Authors: Amin‐Zaki Laman , Majeed M. A. , Greenwood Michael R. , Elhassani Sami B. , Clarkson Thomas W. , Doherty Richard A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn a five‐year longitudinal study of mothers and infants exposed to methylmercury during the Iraq epidemic of 1972, the frequencies of signs and symptoms exhibited by the mothers were typical of methylmercury poisoning. When blood concentrations of mercury are corrected to 1 March 1972, mothers with the most severe signs and symptoms had an average blood mercury concentration significantly higher (p < 0.01) than either the milder or asymptomatic groups. Analytical data indicate that the predominant route of exposure for the infant was through breast milk in which approximately 60% of total mercury was determined, by cold vapor atomic absorption, to be organic mercury. Abnormal neurological signs in these infants became more obvious with time: hyperreflexia was observed in 8 of 22 infants at first examination, and in 17 of 22 at second examination. Delayed motor development became evident at the second and third examinations. The frequency of pathological reflexes and delayed motor developmental milestones was so high as to be considered significant even in the absence of a controlled study. There was no increase in mortality as compared to a control group.
Considerations on the carcinogenicity of the mushroom poison gyromitrin and its metabolites
Authors: Braun R. , Dittmar W. , Greeff U. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMonomethylhydrazine (MMH) and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), but not N‐methyl‐N‐formylhydrazine (MFH), a mushroom poison, can be oxidized by the weak oxidant 2,6‐dichlorophenol‐indophenol Hydrogen peroxide is formed by this oxidation, and has been found to cause decay of DNA in aqueous solution as measured by the decreased viscosity of a DNA solution in the presence of the hydrazines. Furthermore, MMH and UDMH but not MFH inhibit the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [3H]uridine into DNA and RNA of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. These experiments show that MFH is an inactive compound in contrast to MMH and UDMH. Since the hydrolysis rate of MFH, to produce MMH, is low, it is concluded that MFH must be activated in vivo into toxic metabolites which are ultimately responsible for the known high carcinogenicity of MFH.
The acute toxicity of some organolead and organotin compounds in the rat, with particular reference to a gastric lesion
Authors: Verschoyle R. D. , Little R. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe acute toxicity of triphenyl, tributyl and dibutyllead in the rat appears to result from their irritating properties to membranes regardless of their route of administration. A more detailed examination of their oral toxicity has shown that a single dose inhibits gastric emptying with resulting fluid distension. A similar effect was observed with a number of other organolead and organotin compounds. Analysis of gastric fluid from pyloric ligated rats following an oral organolead dose showed increased concentrations of Na+ and glucose and decreased concentrations of H+ and K+. Dilation of the gastic mucosal microcirculation was also observed along with desquamation of surface mucous cells which resulted in shallow erosions of the upper portions of the gastric glands. It is suggested that oral dosing with a number of organoleads and, possibly, organotins has an effect on mucosal membranes that results in erosion of the gastric mucosa and increases permeability of the mucosal microcirculation. This would allow leakage of plasma constituents into interstitial fluid and ultimately the gastric lumen with back‐diffusion of H+ into the gastric mucosa. Such a lesion would impair gastric function and reduce normal food and water consumption. The starvation and dehydration may then be the important factors for death that follows oral dosing with organolead and organotin compounds.