bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a prognostic model for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma based on Telomere maintenance genes
Authors: Cai Hua , Tian Yuan , Wu Ying-Jie , Zhou Ming-Zhu , Zhou Liu-Qing , Zhou Tao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) typically presents unfavorable prognostic outcomes. Telomere dysfunction is involved in malignant transformation and tumor development processes. We performed a comprehensive array of analyzes to assess and authenticate the prognostic significance of telomeres in HNSCC, including the identification and examination of differential telomere maintenance genes (TMGs) with prognostic significance, Cox regression analysis, survival analysis, nomogram prediction, time receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, Immune characteristics, enrichment analysis, drug sensitivity analysis, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Employing bioinformatics, we derived a prognostic model comprising 80 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of prognostic relevance. Subsequent analysis using the HPA database revealed 24 genes, and they were identified to exhibit elevated expression levels in tumor patients. The model predicted an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.973 for the 1-year survival rates of patients with HNSCC. The high- and low-risk groups exhibited different immune statuses and drug sensitivities. More precisely, HNSCC individuals in high-risk groups were more prone to show a favorable response to 17 chemotherapeutic drugs. Additionally, our result of qRT-PCR was also consistent with the analysis. The prognostic model centered on differential TMGs shows great potential as a valuable tool for risk stratification, predicting survival outcomes, assessing immune status, screening potential drugs, and exploring genetic associations with HNSCC.
Bio-inspired Optimization of Al2O3/Al Composite Armor: Structural Design and Ballistic Simulation Based on Armadillo Shell
Authors: Zhang Fulong , Zhu Peng , Lu Ping , Qian kai , Liu Shuangyu , Wang Liyan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The advancement of lightweight protective armors holds critical importance for enhancing the maneuverability and combat capabilities of helicopters. Leveraging insights from bionics, it provides a new idea for high-performance armor design. In this study, a new type of composite armor was designed by referring to the structural characteristics of hard phase-protection, soft phase-buffering of unitization armadillo shell. Through the numerical study, the anti-ballistic performance of armor with varying thickness ratios of the dense ceramic layer to the interpenetrating layer is obtained, and the influence of different structures of armor on the anti-ballistic performance is analyzed. The results show that compared with the traditional laminated composite armor, the Al2O3/Al biomimetic composite armor not only improves the separation phenomenon caused by wave impedance mismatch, but also greatly improves the speed drop in resisting high-speed and penetrating bullets. When the thickness ratio is 2:1, the armor has higher ballistic protection performance.
A generalized disjunctive programming model for the static bike sharing rebalancing problem with demand intervals
Authors: Ikonen Teemu J. , Heljanko Keijo , Harjunkoski Iiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Solving a static bike sharing rebalancing problem requires finding the minimum-cost route for rebalancing vehicles, subject to meeting the demand at the bike sharing stations of the system. In this work, we study the variant of the problem where the demand is specified by intervals, which adds flexibility to the routing of the rebalancing vehicles. We propose a generalized disjunctive programming (GDP) model to represent the problem and its reformulation into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. We use demand splitting to duplicate stations that require multiple visits. The model is designed for single-vehicle routing but can be used jointly with a clustering approach proposed in the literature for multi-vehicle routing. The model can solve to optimality 86.8\% of benchmark instances with 70 stations within two hours of computing time. On test cases derived from real process data, the model is more than two orders of magnitude faster than the reference model in the literature.
Accuracy of the National Violent Death Reporting System in Identifying Unintentional Firearm Deaths to Children by Children
Authors: Fischer Samuel , Miller Matthew , Barber Catherine , Azrael Deborah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: In assigning manner of death (MOD) for inclusion on death certificates, medical examiners and coroners have six options: natural, accident, suicide, homicide, undetermined, and pending. Unfortunately, they do not always apply uniform criteria in assigning manner. Previous research indicates surveillance statistics based on death certificates, such as the National Vital Statistics System, grossly miscount firearm accidents. The National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) has taken steps to reduce variability in manner of death coding by providing uniform criteria for assigning an “abstractor manner of death” (AMD). A previous study found good accuracy of AMD coding for firearm accidents, 2003-2006, but a more recent study reported that the NVDRS undercounted self- and other-inflicted firearm accidents in which both the victim and shooter were under age 15.
Findings: We replicated the recent study’s population, identifying 924 NVDRS incidents from 2009-2018 in which both victim and shooter’s age was under 15 and AMD was homicide, suicide, unintentional or undetermined (there were no legal intervention deaths to children). We assigned a researcher-adjudicated MOD (RMD) by reviewing incident narratives, following NVDRS coding guidelines. RMD was compared with AMD and with manner recorded on the death certificate (MOD). Based on RMD as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values positive and negative of the AMD for childhood firearm accidents were, respectively 90%, 99%, 98% and 96%; 86% (24/28) of false negatives were coded by abstractors as homicides. By contrast, death certificate manner had relatively poor sensitivity of 63%.
Conclusions: In our sample of 924 deaths, the abstracter manner of death generally agreed with researcher-adjudicated manner of death, though not perfectly, missing 10% of researcher-adjudicated accidents, mostly because abstractors coded accidents as homicides. A sizable minority of false negatives were accidents where the narrative explicitly noted that adult negligence contributed to a child’s unintentional shooting death. While AMD coding in NVDRS is excellent, it could be improved if NVDRS coding guidelines explicitly affirmed that prosecution for negligent manslaughter is not a counterindication to an AMD of accident, provided the firearm was not used to intentionally harm, threaten, or coerce an individual.
How Do Precarious Workers Protect Their Rights? A Case of Chinese Live Streamers
Authors: Xie Chenmin , Xiang Jun , Fu Libing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet, many precarious works relying on platforms have emerged, and the protection of the rights of this group is often infringed upon because of its uncertainty and mobility. But we have no way of knowing whether and to what extent the rights of workers are effectively protected when they have disputes with companies. This study analyses 741 judgment documents using live streamers as a case to explore the different scenarios of protected precarious workers and unprotected workers. The study finds that employees are best protected by a labour contract and should not sign a contract (or agreement) with a company for too long; in terms of company choice, smaller companies reflect better protection of their labour rights and interests. The study is intended to serve as a reference for those who are about to engage in precarious work as well as those who are currently engaged in precarious work, and to contribute to a more standardised and better development of precarious work.
Prevalence of MAFLD in the U.S. Based on NHANES 2009-2018: Differences in Demographic Characteristics, Physical Indices and Lifestyle Conditions
Authors: Ye Dan , Wang Jiaofeng , Shi Jiaheng , Ma Yiming , Li Yanglei , Li Qingshang , Hu Xiaona , Chen Jie , Bao Zhijun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and Aims: The incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is high among U.S. adults, but studies on its occurrence in different ethnic and age groups are limited. The aim of the present study was to assess MAFLD occurrence among the United States (U.S.) adults by considering demographic characteristics, physical indices, and lifestyle conditions.
Methods: This study utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data 2009-2018 from 23,546 participants aged ≥20 years. Variables such as age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, sedentary behavior, sleep, and depression were analyzed.
Results: Among 9933 participants, 3562 had MAFLD (34.1%), with notably higher percentages of Mexican-Americans (54.1%) and lower percentages of blacks (20.5%). The incidence of MAFLD was significantly greater (P<0.001) in males (39%) than in females (29.2%), which was particularly evident within the 36-40 years age group. The MAFLD incidence exhibited an age-dependent pattern, initially increasing and subsequently declining (except for whites). Compared to white MAFLD patients, black MAFLD patients exhibited greater BMI, WC, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values, whereas values for these measures were lower among Mexican-American patients. Logistic regression analysis adjusting for age and sex revealed that depression was more common among MAFLD patients (P<0.001), except for severe depression (P>0.05). Notably, the MAFLD incidence was not significantly associated with sedentary behavior or sleep duration.
Conclusions: The MAFLD incidence varies across different racial, age, and sex groups, and targeted interventions are essential for reducing the burden of MAFLD. However, further research is necessary to explore the correlations among MAFLD incidence, sleep patterns, and an inactive lifestyle.
Determinants and willingness to practice obstetric analgesia among women attending antenatal clinic at Dr. Bogalech Gebre Memorial General Hospital Central Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Geltore Teketel , Alemu Getachew , Taye Ayanos , Sileshi Eden , Bekele Merkin , Foto lakew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Contraction is possibly, the most painful experience which is manifested by most women, and the experience of labor pain is exclusive to individual women, hence then, it is only parturient who can label the extent of pain she is going through. This study aimed to evaluate factors influencing the willingness to receive labor analgesia among women attending the antenatal clinic at Dr. Bogalech Gebre Memorial General Hospital Central Ethiopia in 2022.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 398 randomly selected participants. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews from January to March 2023. Information was inputted in EpiData 4.2 and transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were conducted to determine factors related to pregnant women's willingness to choose labor analgesia. COR and AOR were computed to assess the association between variables.
Results: A total of 398 (94%) pregnant women participated in this study. Overall, 117 (29.4%) of the pregnant women had practiced labor pain management. Being a housewife (AOR: 8.35, 95% CI: 2.07, 33.63. p <). Women who live in urban (AOR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.29, 5.29).Having had (AOR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.60). The short duration of labor time (AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.96) was significantly associated factors with willingness to practice labor analgesia.
Conclusion and Recommendation: We conclude that the willingness of pregnant mothers' toward obstetric analgesia practice was low in the study area. Being a housewife, residence, awareness, and short duration of labor were statistically significant with the willingness of the mothers to practice labor analgesia. Pregnant women in the present study had poor knowledge of obstetric analgesia methods in general. Hence, all responsible bodies have to work on the provision of appropriate health education specifically labor pain management options, and reducing the worries and misunderstandings of parturient to scale up its methods and practice.
Causal Relationship Between Immune Cells and Female Infertility: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
Authors: XIE Yafei , ZHANG Zeling , YIN Qiaozhi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Observational and retrospective studies have demonstrated that aberrant immune responses and dysregulation of immune cell populations may be implicated in female infertility. However, the precise relationship between distinct subtypes of immune cells and female infertility remains elusive.
Method: In this study, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal relationship between 731 immune phenotypes and female infertility. The inverse variance weighting method was employed as the primary estimator, complemented by MR-Egger and weighted median approaches. To address potential bias from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we utilized MR-PRESSO. Additionally, Cochran's Q test and MR-Egger intercept analysis were performed to detect heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.
Results: We detected a causal role of fourteen immune phenotypes with female infertility, including CD11c+ CD62L- monocyte AC (OR=1.042,95%CI=1.002-1.083,P=0.037), CD62L-CD86+myeloid DC AC (OR=1.048,95%CI=1.010-1.088,P=0.013),CD62L-CD86+myeloid DC %DC(OR=1.052,95%CI=1.012-1.094,P=0.010), HLA DR++ monocyte AC(OR=1.038,95%CI=1.000-1.078,P=0.049),Activated&restingTregAC(OR=0.900,95%CI=1.838-0.959,P=0.001), Activated&secreting Treg%CD4 Treg(OR=1.009,95%CI=1.001-1.017,P=0.028),CD25hi%CD4+(OR=0.936,95%CI=0.895-0.978,P=0.004),TCRgd AC(OR=1.053,95%CI=1.003-1.106,P=0.039),HLA DR+CD4+%T cell(OR=0.922,95%CI=0.869-0.978,P=0.007),HLA DR+NKAC(OR=0.926,95%CI=0.864-0.993,P=0.031),CD28-DN(CD4-CD8-)%T cell(OR=1.048,95%CI=1.000-1.098,P=0.049),CD19 on IgD+ CD38- unsw mem(OR=1.056; 95%CI=1.026-1.087; p=0.0002),CD24 on IgD+ CD38- unsw mem(OR=0,967,95%CI=0.937-0.997,P=0.033) and CD25 on IgD+CD38- unsw mem(OR=0,977,95%CI=0.964-1.000,P=0.049).
Conclusion:The study demonstrates a causal association between 14 genetically determined immune cell phenotypes and female infertility, thereby identifying novel drug targets for the prevention and treatment of this condition.
Assessing CMIP6 uncertainties at global warming levels
Authors: Evin Guillaume , Ribes Aurélien , Corre Lola 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
IPCC reports and climate change impact studies generally exploit ensembles of climate projections based on different socio-economic pathways and climate models, which provide the temporal evolution of plausible future climates. However, The Paris Agreement and many national and international commitments consider adaptation and mitigation plans targeting future global warming levels. Model uncertainty and scenario uncertainty typically affect both the crossing-time of future warming levels and the climate features at a given global warming level. In this study, we assess the uncertainties in a multi-model multi-member CMIP6 ensemble (MME) of seasonal and regional temperature and precipitation projections. In particular, we show that the uncertainties of regional temperature projections are considerably reduced if considered at a specific global warming level, with a limited effect of the emission scenarios and a reduced influence of GCM sensitivity. We also describe in detail the large uncertainties related to the different behavior of the GCMs in some regions.
The role of systemic inflammatory indices in predicting nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the need for hospitalization
Authors: Dereli Murat Levent , Özkan Sadullah , Üçok Belgin Savran , Topkara Serap , Sucu Sadun , Fıratlıgil Fahri Burçin , Kurt Dilara , Kurt Ahmet , Çelen Şevki , Üstün Yaprak Engin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the role of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) in predicting nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP)
Methods
Women diagnosed and managed for NVP at a large tertiary hospital between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 278 eligible patients with NVP and 278 gestational age-matched healthy pregnant women were included. Patients with NVP were divided into mild (n = 58), moderate (n = 140) and severe NVP (n = 80). Patients with moderate and/or severe NVP who were at high risk for hospitalization were pooled and assigned to an inpatient treatment group. The groups were then compared.
Results
SII and PIV were significantly higher in the NVP group than in the control group, while SII, SIRI and PIV were significantly higher in the inpatient treatment group than in the mild NVP group. The comparison of overall performance in predicting NVP development showed that SII was better than PIV (p < 0.001), while there was no significant superiority between SII, SIRI and PIV in predicting inpatient treatment needs. An SII with a cut-off value of > 1207x103/µL (47.48% sensitivity, 82.01% specificity) had the highest discriminatory power for predicting a pregnancy in which NVP will develop.
Conclusions
Our results suggest an association between high SII and PIV and an increased risk of future NVP. These markers can be used as a first-trimester screening test to improve treatment planning of pregnancies at high risk of HG.
Tumor-site directed A1R expression enhances CAR T cell function and improves efficacy against solid tumors
Authors: Darcy Phillip , Sek Kevin , Chen Amanda , Cole Thomas , Armitage Jesse , Tong Junming , Yap Kah Min , Munoz Isabelle , Dunbar Phoebe , Giuffrida Lauren , Henderson Melissa , meyran deborah , Nguyen Dat , Huang Yu-Kuan , de Menezes Maria N. , Derrick Emily , Chan Cheok Weng , Todd Kirsten , Chan Jack , Li Jasmine , Lai Junyun , Petley Emma , Mardiana Sherly , Bosco Anthony , Waithman Jason , Parish Ian , Mølck Christina , Stewart Gregory , Kats Lev , House Imran , Beavis Paul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells against solid tumors is limited by immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) including adenosine, which
suppresses CAR T cells through activation of the A2A receptor (A2AR). To overcome this, CAR T cells were engineered to express A1R, a receptor that signals inversely to A2AR. Using murine and human CAR T cells, constitutive A1R overexpression was demonstrated to significantly enhance CAR T cell effector function albeit at the expense of CAR T cell persistence. Through a novel CRISPR/Cas9 “knock-in” approach we demonstrated that CAR T cells engineered to express A1R in a tumor-localized manner, led to enhanced anti-tumor efficacy dependent on the
transcription factor IRF8. This data provides a novel approach for enhancing CAR T cell efficacy in solid tumors and provides proof of principle for site-directed expression of factors that promote effector T cell differentiation.
Assessing biochemical and clinical analysis results of infertile male patients in comparison with spermiogram results
Authors: Sarikaya Selcuk , Kiliccalan Ibrahim , Caglar Emel , Serdar Muhittin , Bedir Selahattin , Ozgurtas Taner 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Infertility is recently a common health problem among the populations. Our study aims to reveal the clinical outcomes of infertile male patients that were evaluated comparatively according to spermiogram results. Male infertility patients between the ages of 18–50 with regular health records were included in the study. Men under the age of 18, over the age of 50 and who did not seek children were excluded from the study. Demographic data, questionnaire scores, hormonal parameters and spermiogram results were examined and comparatively analyzed. 133 patients were included. Patietns with abnormal spermiogram results had higher mean FSH(mIU/mL) and LH(mIU/mL) values. Patients with normal spermiogram results had higher sperm concentration(mil/mL) and sperm motility(%a + b).(p < 0.05) Azoospermia patients had highest mean FSH(mIU/mL) and WBC(*10^3cells/uL) values and teratozoospermia patients had the lowest.(p < 0.05) Patients with normal results had lowest mean LH(mIU/mL) values while azoospermia patients had the highest.(p < 0.05) Asthenoteratozoospermia patients had highest mean LYM(*10^3cells/uL) values while patients with normal results had the lowest.(p < 0.05) Although statistically significant differences were not observed in terms of trace element analysis and many laboratory results, our study is important due to limited number of studies for especially trace element analysis in infertile male patients.
What the textbooks don’t teach about the reality of running a digitally enabled health study: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Bradway Meghan , Garbarron Elia , Larbi Dillys , Breivik Elin , Muzny Miroslav , Årsand Eirik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Most studies do not produce their intended outcomes on time or within budget. However, it is challenging to identify the facilitators and barriers to successful study management when the “behind the scenes action” of especially digitally enabled health research studies are akin to a black box. Therefore, it is necessary to explore first-hand experience of the facilitators and barriers to managing digitally enabled health studies. The goal of such studies is to produce new knowledge and/or developed tools that can be translated to real-world benefits for the health and care sector, individuals, and other stakeholders. These studies now exist in a time that encourages collaborative research activities with interdisciplinary research partnerships, industry collaboration, end-user involvement and insights for policy. These expectations require teams with different work cultures, methodologies, technologies, and approaches to work together, resulting in significant benefits but also challenges.
Methods: We interviewed 15 research team members from eight digitally enabled health studies about their experience and perception of the management of their studies. A semi-structured interview guide was used to explore concepts related to study activity management, team dynamics, and resources and technologies used to manage research activities. An adductive thematic analysis was performed on the transcripts.
Results: Five main themes were identified: 1) Project Team, 2) Study management, which included management technologies, 3) Study plan, 4) Intervention, 5) Participants. This paper focuses on the first two main themes. Sub-themes included: Roles and responsibilities, Methods, Changes, Challenges and solutions and Expectations vs. reality. Sub-themes were applicable to all main themes. Therefore, results were presented as knowledge gained from the interaction between sub-themes within each theme, i.e. referred to as “comprehensive insights” in the results section of this paper.
Conclusion: This interview study provides new knowledge about the realities of working in collaborative, digitally enabled, health research studies, and demonstrates several opportunities for improved understanding of study management. More realistic and thorough understanding of the complex system in which digitally enabled health research exists can be applied to better prepare experienced researchers and newly graduated students entering the field, as well as improve existing strategies for management.