bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for depression in hospitalised and community‐dwelling elderly: the use of the 4‐item, 5‐item and 15‐item geriatric depression scales
Authors: Nguyen Huong V , Inderjeeth Charles A , Tang Elaine , Barnabas Liza , Merriam Majo 
Published: October 2006

Objectives:  To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms in hospitalised and community‐dwelling elderly with and without cognitive impairment and to test the reliability of the four‐ and five‐item geriatric depression scale (GDS) against the 15‐item GDS in screening for depression. Methods:  The four‐, five‐ and 15‐item GDS and the abbreviated mental state test were administered to 96 inpatients and 107 community elderly. Results:  The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 42.7% in the inpatient group and 53.3% in the community group. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 39.6% in the inpatients and 37.7% in the community group. The GDS5 had 88.8% sensitivity and 74.3% specificity and the GDS4 had 83.7% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity using the GDS15 as standard. Both were well correlated with the GDS15. Conclusion:  The GDS5 and GDS4 are quick, simple and useful initial screening tools for depression.
Predictors of heteronormativity in residential aged care facilities
Authors: Tolley Carolyn , Ranzijn Rob 
Published: October 2006

Objectives:  The aim of this paper is to examine the factors influencing heteronormativity (the implicit assumption that a heterosexual orientation is the normative one), and heterosexism (prejudice against non‐heterosexual people) among the staff of residential aged care facilities. Methods:  One hundred and fourteen staff from 13 facilities in Adelaide completed a questionnaire measuring exposure to non‐heterosexual people, factual knowledge, heterosexism, heteronormativity, and type of training they had received. Results:  As well as significant direct relationships between heterosexism, heteronormativity and other variables, the results indicated that lack of knowledge also affected heteronormativity through its indirect effect on heterosexism. Conclusion:  Exposure to non‐heterosexual people, accurate knowledge and challenging heterosexism are needed to reduce heteronormativity in staff of residential aged care facilities.
HybGFS: a hybrid method for genome-fingerprint scanning
Authors: Shinoda Kosaku , Yachie Nozomu , Masuda Takeshi , Sugiyama Naoyuki , Sugimoto Masahiro , Soga Tomoyoshi , Tomita Masaru 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Protein identification based on mass spectrometry (MS) has previously been performed using peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) or tandem MS (MS/MS) database searching. However, these methods cannot identify proteins that are not already listed in existing databases. Moreover, the alternative approach of de novo sequencing requires costly equipment and the interpretation of complex MS/MS spectra. Thus, there is a need for novel high-throughput protein-identification methods that are independent of existing predefined protein databases.

Results
Here, we present a hybrid method for genome-fingerprint scanning, known as HybGFS. This technique combines genome sequence-based peptide MS/MS ion searching with liquid-chromatography elution-time (LC-ET) prediction, to improve the reliability of identification. The hybrid method allows the simultaneous identification and mapping of proteins without a priori information about their coding sequences. The current study used standard LC-MS/MS data to query an in silico-generated six-reading-frame translation and the enzymatic digest of an entire genome. Used in conjunction with precursor/product ion-mass searching, the LC-ETs increased confidence in the peptide-identification process and reduced the number of false-positive matches. The power of this method was demonstrated using recombinant proteins from the Escherichia coli K12 strain.

Conclusion
The novel hybrid method described in this study will be useful for the large-scale experimental confirmation of genome coding sequences, without the need for transcriptome-level expression analysis or costly MS database searching.
Integration of enzyme kinetic models and isotopomer distribution analysis for studies of in situcell operation
Authors: Selivanov Vitaly A , Sukhomlin Tatiana , Centelles Josep J , Lee Paul WN , Cascante Marta 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A current trend in neuroscience research is the use of stable isotope tracers in order to address metabolic processes in vivo. The tracers produce a huge number of metabolite forms that differ according to the number and position of labeled isotopes in the carbon skeleton (isotopomers) and such a large variety makes the analysis of isotopomer data highly complex. On the other hand, this multiplicity of forms does provide sufficient information to address cell operation in vivo. By the end of last millennium, a number of tools have been developed for estimation of metabolic flux profile from any possible isotopomer distribution data. However, although well elaborated, these tools were limited to steady state analysis, and the obtained set of fluxes remained disconnected from their biochemical context. In this review we focus on a new numerical analytical approach that integrates kinetic and metabolic flux analysis. The related computational algorithm estimates the dynamic flux based on the time-dependent distribution of all possible isotopomers of metabolic pathway intermediates that are generated from a labeled substrate. The new algorithm connects specific tracer data with enzyme kinetic characteristics, thereby extending the amount of data available for analysis: it uses enzyme kinetic data to estimate the flux profile, and vice versa, for the kinetic analysis it uses in vivo tracer data to reveal the biochemical basis of the estimated metabolic fluxes.
Transition of healthy to diseased synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with gain of mesenchymal/fibrotic characteristics
Authors: Steenvoorden Marjan MC , Tolboom Tanja CA , van der Pluijm Gabri , Löwik Clemens , Visser Cornelis PJ , DeGroot Jeroen , Gittenberger-DeGroot Adriana C , DeRuiter Marco C , Wisse Bert J , Huizinga Tom WJ , Toes René EM 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe healthy synovial lining layer consists of a single cell layer that regulates the transport between the joint cavity and the surrounding tissue. It has been suggested that abnormalities such as somatic mutations in the p53 tumor-suppressor gene contribute to synovial hyperplasia and invasion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, expression of epithelial markers on healthy and diseased synovial lining tissue was examined. In addition, we investigated whether a regulated process, resembling epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)/fibrosis, could be responsible for the altered phenotype of the synovial lining layer in RA. Synovial tissue from healthy subjects and RA patients was obtained during arthroscopy. To detect signs of EMT, expression of E-cadherin (epithelial marker), collagen type IV (indicator of the presence of a basement membrane) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-sma; a myofibroblast marker) was investigated on frozen tissue sections using immunohistochemistry. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from healthy subjects were isolated and subjected to stimulation with synovial fluid (SF) from two RA patients and to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. To detect whether EMT/fibrotic markers were increased, expression of collagen type I, α-sma and telopeptide lysylhydroxylase (TLH) was measured by real time PCR. Expression of E-cadherin and collagen type IV was found in healthy and arthritic synovial tissue. Expression of α-sma was only found in the synovial lining layer of RA patients. Stimulation of healthy FLSs with SF resulted in an upregulation of α-sma and TLH mRNA. Collagen type I and TLH mRNA were upregulated after stimulation with TGF-β. Addition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 to healthy FLS stimulated with SF inhibited the expression of α-sma mRNA. The finding that E-cadherin and collagen type IV are expressed in the lining layer of healthy and arthritic synovium indicates that these lining cells display an epithelial-like phenotype. In addition, the presence of α-sma in the synovial lining layer of RA patients and induction of fibrotic markers in healthy FLSs by SF from RA patients indicate that a regulated process comparable to EMT might cause the alteration in phenotype of RA FLSs. Therefore, BMP-7 may represent a promising agent to counteract the transition imposed on synoviocytes in the RA joint.
Heterotopic ossification of the knee joint in intensive care unit patients: early diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Argyropoulou Maria I , Kostandi Eleonora , Kosta Paraskevi , Zikou Anastasia K , Kastani Dimitra , Galiatsou Efi , Kitsakos Athanassios , Nakos George 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Introduction
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of bone in soft tissues. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings on clinical suspicion of HO in the knee joint of patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods
This was a case series of 11 patients requiring prolonged ventilation in the ICU who had the following diagnoses: head trauma (nine), necrotising pancreatitis (one), and fat embolism (one). On clinical suspicion of HO, x-rays and MRI of the knee joint were performed. Follow-up x-rays and MRI were also performed.

Results
First x-rays were negative, whereas MRI (20.2 ± 6.6 days after admission) showed joint effusion and in fast spin-echo short time inversion-recovery (STIR) images a 'lacy pattern' of the muscles vastus lateralis and medialis. The innermost part of the vastus medialis exhibited homogeneous high signal. Contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted images also showed a 'lacy pattern.' On follow-up (41.4 ± 6.6 days after admission), STIR and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images depicted heterogeneous high signal and heterogeneous enhancement, respectively, at the innermost part of the vastus medialis, whereas x-rays revealed a calcified mass in the same position. Overall, positive MRI findings appeared simultaneously with clinical signs (1.4 ± 1.2 days following clinical diagnosis) whereas x-ray diagnosis was evident at 23 ± 4.3 days (p = 0.002).

Conclusion
MRI of the knee performed on clinical suspicion shows a distinct imaging pattern confirming the diagnosis of HO earlier than other methods. MRI diagnosis may have implications for early intervention in the development of HO.
CellProfiler: image analysis software for identifying and quantifying cell phenotypes
Authors: Carpenter Anne E , Jones Thouis R , Lamprecht Michael R , Clarke Colin , Kang In Han , Friman Ola , Guertin David A , Chang Joo Han , Lindquist Robert A , Moffat Jason , Golland Polina , Sabatini David M 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBiologists can now prepare and image thousands of samples per day using automation, enabling chemical screens and functional genomics (for example, using RNA interference). Here we describe the first free, open-source system designed for flexible, high-throughput cell image analysis, CellProfiler. CellProfiler can address a variety of biological questions quantitatively, including standard assays (for example, cell count, size, per-cell protein levels) and complex morphological assays (for example, cell/organelle shape or subcellular patterns of DNA or protein staining).
A consensus prognostic gene expression classifier for ER positive breast cancer
Authors: Teschendorff Andrew E , Naderi Ali , Barbosa-Morais Nuno L , Pinder Sarah E , Ellis Ian O , Aparicio Sam , Brenton James D , Caldas Carlos 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Background
A consensus prognostic gene expression classifier is still elusive in heterogeneous diseases such as breast cancer.

Results
Here we perform a combined analysis of three major breast cancer microarray data sets to hone in on a universally valid prognostic molecular classifier in estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors. Using a recently developed robust measure of prognostic separation, we further validate the prognostic classifier in three external independent cohorts, confirming the validity of our molecular classifier in a total of 877 ER positive samples. Furthermore, we find that molecular classifiers may not outperform classical prognostic indices but that they can be used in hybrid molecular-pathological classification schemes to improve prognostic separation.

Conclusion
The prognostic molecular classifier presented here is the first to be valid in over 877 ER positive breast cancer samples and across three different microarray platforms. Larger multi-institutional studies will be needed to fully determine the added prognostic value of molecular classifiers when combined with standard prognostic factors.
Clinic assessment for methylphenidate maintenance therapy in secondary care: are parental questionnaires useful?
Authors: Foreman David M. , Beedie Alexis , Kapuge Ranjit 
Published: October 2006

Aims and MethodThere is poorer control of hyperactivity symptoms in community clinics than research settings, and difficulty in detecting such symptoms without standardised measures. Hyperkinetic children (n=29) were evaluated at follow-up using the parental version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and, independently, routine clinic reports to test the value of a parental questionnaire.ResultsThe parental SDQ identified symptoms in more patients (25, 86% v. 13, 45%), but high levels of symptoms did not necessarily imply impairment. Even clinically identified hyperactivity provoked no change in treatment.Clinical ImplicationsParental questionnaires alone are unlikely to improve clinic practice. Research is needed into what factors influence clinical decisions regarding treatment maintenance for hyperkinesis, and the adaptation of structured protocols from major research trials should be considered.
Introduction of New Technologies to Competing Industrial Customers
Authors: Erat Sanjiv , Kavadias Stylianos 
Published: October 2006

Motivated by several examples from industry, such as the introduction of a biotechnology-based process innovation in nylon manufacturing, we consider a technology provider that develops and introduces innovations to a market of industrial customers—original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The technology employed by these OEMs determines the performance quality of the end product they manufacture, which in turn forms the basis of competition among them. Within this context of downstream competition, we examine the technology provider’s introduction strategies when improving technologies are introduced sequentially. We develop a two-period game-theoretic framework to account for the strategic considerations of the parties involved (i.e., the technology provider and the OEMs). Our main result indicates that the technology provider may find it beneficial to induce partial adoption of the new technology, depending on the technological progress the provider intends to offer in the future. We analyze many technology-specific and market-related characteristics—such as volume-based pricing for new component technologies, upgrade prices, and OEMs with differing capabilities—that correspond to various business settings. Our key result (i.e., partial adoption) proves to be a robust phenomenon. We also develop additional insights regarding the interactions between adoption and OEM capabilities.
The effect of irradiation upon the bacterial flora in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Rice Dale H. , Gill Gus 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwenty‐two consecutive patients with cancer of the head and neck, who were to receive a full tumoricidal dose of irradiation to a field that included the oral cavity and pharynx, were studied to determine the effect of the irradiation on their local bacterial flora. Aerobic cultures were taken prior to, at the completion of, and one month after the completion of their irradiation. The percentage of patients with potentially pathogenic organisms increased dramatically as the effect of the irradiation increased. This change in the local flora has obvious implications concerning the increased incidence of postoperative wound infections in patients who have received prior irradiation.
Tonsil carcinoma — treatment results
Authors: Quenelle David J. , Crissman John D. , Shumrick Donald A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEpidermoid carcinoma of the tonsil region is one of the most common malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract, equal in frequency to laryngeal carcinoma at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center. This paper reviews the authors' experience in treating these lesions with a combination of 5000 rads preoperatively followed by composite resection. The overall two‐year crude survival is 56%. A 60% two‐year survival for T3 lesions compares favorably with other series for treatment of T3 lesions.
Intractable hiccups (Singultus)
Authors: Nathan Marshall D. , Leshner Robert T. , Keller A. Paul 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntractable hiccups (singultus) is an uncommon disorder with various etiologies. The majority of reported studies of intractable hiccups has claimed ipsilateral spasm of the hemidiaphragm based solely on clinical or radiographic evidence.A case of intractable hiccups is presented. Documentation of normal phrenic nerve latencies with bilateral synchronous firing of anterior scalene, intercostal muscles and bilateral hemidiaphragm involvement is presented. This combination of muscle group involvement supports the concept of a “supraspinal hiccup center.” A systematic trial of chemotherapeutic agents described as effective against hiccups was employed. Relief lasting for three to four week periods has been obtained by the intravenous administration of a specially prepared sterile solution of methylphenidate.†The nerve pathways pertinent to hiccup are discussed. The etiology of intractable hiccups and the various treatment modalities are presented.
Draining ears in acute otitis media: Reliability of culture
Authors: Schwartz Richard H. , Rodriguez William J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purulent exudates in the ear canal of 69 children who presented with acute otorrhea were cultured directly onto standard media. No effort was made to either suction out the exudate lying in the canal or to use antiseptic agents on the canal wall. Potential pathogens such as H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenous were recovered from two‐thirds of the patients who suffered spontaneous otorrhea. Reliable cultures can be obtained from such patients provided the cultures are plated expeditiously on solid agar.
Human nasal septal cartilage: Local distribution of different enzyme activities in healthy adults and acromegalic patients
Authors: Vetter Ulrich , Helbing Gerd , Pirsig Wolfgang , Heinze Eberhard , Gammert Christian , Landolt Anton 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeptal cartilage was obtained during septoplasty from healthy adults or during transnasal hypophysectomy from acromegalic patients. Small strips of cartilage were excised from five different areas of the septum: the anterior free end, the suprapremaxillary area, the central area, the posterior area, and the caudal prolongation of the septum. Five different enzymatic pathways were analyzed in these areas.Cathepsin D, an acid proteinase, did not show a specific local activity pattern and was not influenced by the augmented growth hormone level in acromegaly, whereas cathepsin B, a neutral proteinase, showed its highest activity in the caudal prolongation and the posterior area and was significantly increased in all areas in acromegaly. β‐hexosaminidase activity was highest in the central and posterior area and caudal prolongation of the septum. In acromegaly, a significant increase of its activity was found in the suprapremaxillary and posterior area. Acid phosphatase activity was highest in the caudal prolongation of the septum, but its activity was significantly increased in all tested areas in acromegaly. Alkaline phosphatase activity could only be found in the posterior area and the caudal prolongation in healthy adults. However, in acromegaly this enzyme could be detected in the central area and the posterior end of the suprapremaxillary area suggesting an altered process of mineralization.A distinct local pattern of enzymes related to intercellular substance metabolism and mineralization can be demonstrated in the septal cartilage of healthy adults and acromegalic patients.
Internal jugular vein thrombosis
Authors: Cohen Jason P. , Persky Mark S. , Reede Deborah L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInternal jugular vein thrombosis is a vascular disorder that is easily overlooked or misdiagnosed. It occurs in a variety or clinical settings which disrupt normal blood flow through the internal jugular vein. Intravenous drug abusers represent a high risk group in this study. Diagnosis is readily made by computed tomography. Seven patients are presented, with discussion of the pathogenesis, clinical findings, radiologic features, potential complications, and treatment rationale.
Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery: Analysis of 2108 patients—incidence and prevention
Authors: May Mark , Levine Howard L. , Mester Sara J. , Schaitkin Barry 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe incidence of complications of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in a combined experience with 2108 total patients is compared to complications in 11 other series of patients (2583 total) who underwent ESS and 6 series of patients (2110 total) who underwent traditional endonasal sinus surgery. The incidence of major perioperative complications was 0.85%, with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak being the most common. The most common minor complications of ESS were those related to orbital penetration and middle turbinate adhesions; minor complications occurred in 6.9% of the 2108 patients. There were no statistically significant differences in the overall incidences of major complications between this series and the other two groups. Recommendations are made for the prevention of complications during ESS.
Variables affecting implant performance in children
Authors: Miyamoto Richard T. , Osberger Mary Joe , Todd Susan L. , Robbins Amy M. , Stroer Barbara S. , Zimmerman‐Phillips Susan , Carney Arlene E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study examined the variables that contribute to the large individual differences in the speech perception skills of children with the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant. Sixty‐one children were tested on four measures of speech perception: two tests of closed‐set word recognition, one test of open‐set recognition of phrases, and one open‐set monosyllabic word test, scored on the basis of the percentage of phonemes as well as words identified correctly. The results of a series of multiple regression analyses revealed that the variables of processor type, duration of deafness, communication mode, age at onset of deafness, length of implant use, and age implanted accounted for roughly 35% of the variance on two tests of closed‐set word recognition, and 40% of the variance on measures that assessed recognition of words or phomenes in an open set. Length of implant use accounted for the most variance on all of the speech perception measures.