bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The locking-on of vortex shedding due to the cross-stream vibration of circular cylinders in uniform and shear flows
Authors: Stansby P. K. 
Published: March 2006

The frequencies of vortex shedding from circular cylinders forced to oscillate transversely in low-turbulence uniform and shear flows were investigated. The stream velocity in the shear flow varied linearly with spanwise distance.In both flows the vortex shedding frequency locked on to the cylinder frequency and to submultiples of the cylinder frequency. In uniform flow the range of cylinder frequencies for locking-on was dependent on the amplitude of oscillation and Reynolds number. At the boundaries of locking-on at the cylinder frequency locked-on shedding was intermittent with unforced shedding and locking-on was accompanied by a change in wake width. At a particular cylinder frequency near mid-range it is conjectured that the wake width jumped from being greater to being less than that for the stationary cylinder. In shear flow the spanwise extent of locking-on at the cylinder frequency was explained by considering the uniform flow results and the inclination of shed vortices in shear flow. At the spanwise boundaries of this locking-on, locked-on cells were shed intermittently with unforced cells which were more stable in frequency than the corresponding cells for the stationary cylinder.
On the interaction of surface and internal gravity waves: uniformly valid solution by extended stationary phase
Authors: Hughes B. A. 
Published: March 2006

Using simple Fourier transform techniques and extensions to stationary-phase methods, the behaviour of surface gravity waves is determined near triply coalescing roots of the dispersion relation. It is shown that the amplitude of the surface wave is proportional to (∂U/∂x)−¼ at the location of the triple root. Far from the triple root it satisfies conservation of action. The internal wave is modelled simply by its surface current U.Asymptotic orders of magnitude are also given for the case ∂U/∂x = 0 at the triple root.
Future Directions in Astronomy Visualization
Authors: Fluke Christopher J. , Bourke Paul D. , O'Donovan David 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDespite the large budgets spent annually on astronomical research equipment such as telescopes, instruments, and supercomputers, the general trend is to analyze and view the resulting datasets using small, two-dimensional displays. We report here on alternative advanced image displays, with an emphasis on displays that we have constructed, including stereoscopic projection, multiple projector tiled displays, and a digital dome. These displays can provide astronomers with new ways of exploring the terabyte and petabyte datasets that are now regularly being produced from all-sky surveys, high-resolution computer simulations, and Virtual Observatory projects. We also present a summary of the Advanced Image Displays for Astronomy (AIDA) survey which we conducted from 2005 March–May, in order to raise some issues pertinent to the current and future level of use of advanced image displays.
Radio Detection of Colliding Wind Binaries
Authors: Benaglia Paula , Koribalski Bärbel , Colombo Juan F. Albacete 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFour massive, early-type stars, three of which are confirmed binaries, have been observed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array at 1.4, 2.4, 4.8, and 8.6 GHz. The earliest star cataloged so far, HD 93129A, was also observed at 17.8 and 24.5 GHz. Here we present an analysis of the spectra as well as the structure of the stellar systems. All four spectra show clear evidence of non-thermal emission, indicative of a binary system with a colliding wind region. We discuss the magnetic field of the emitting region of HD 93129A and make predictions on the radiation at high energies. Archive X-ray observations towards the target sources are also investigated and interpreted in the light of the non-thermal emission detected.
Intraspecific variation in morphological, sensory and nutritional characteristics of Dacryodes edulis fruits in West and Central Africa
Authors: Kengni E. , Tchouanguep M. F. , Mbofung C. M. F. , Tchoundjeu Z. , Asaah K. E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSix distinct market samples of Dacryodes edulis (safou/African plum) with different fruit colour were characterized in terms of morphological, sensory and nutritional traits that can guide the selection of high-value individual trees for cultivar development. The morphological characteristics assessed were: fruit length, fruit width, fruit and flesh weights, flesh thickness and pulp/fruit ratio, while the sensory characteristics were: acidity, aroma astringency, bitterness, oiliness, preference, fibrousness and sourness. In addition, the biochemical composition (carbohydrates, ash, protein, lipids, dietary fibres, vitamin C, iron, calcium and phosphorus contents) was determined. These attributes all showed great variability, suggesting their importance in the identification of multi-trait ideotypes for potential cultivar development.
Changes in the genetic diversity of barley of Nordic and Baltic origin, studied by isozyme electrophoresis
Authors: Brantestam Agnese Kolodinska , von Bothmer Roland , Rashal Isaak , Weibull Jens 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this study an evaluation was made of changes in the genetic variation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) of Nordic and Baltic origin, from the end of the 19th century until today. A comparison of Nordic and Baltic material with exotic material that has not been subjected to intense selection was also made. A total of 293 accessions, including 160 Nordic and 80 Baltic landraces, cultivars and breeding lines, and another 53 landraces of exotic origin (Central Asia), were surveyed using isozyme starch gel electrophoresis. For the four isozymes studied, 28 alleles at 11 loci were observed. The average total genetic diversity value (HT) for individual loci ranged between 0 and 0.519. In the exotic material nine loci were polymorphic and two monomorphic, compared to seven polymorphic and four monomorphic loci in the Nordic and Baltic material. Some of the rare alleles were detected only in the exotic material. The studied isozyme loci of Nordic and Baltic material indicated that modern cultivars have a lower average genetic diversity value compared to the landraces, old and exotic material.
Plant genetic resources and molecular markers: variety registration in a new era
Authors: Cooke Robert J. , Reeves James C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractVariety registration is an important area of plant genetic resource characterization and utilization. Within the European Union, varieties must be included on a National List (NL) of a member state or on the Common Catalogue (a compilation of the NLs of the member states) before seed can be sold. This requires a series of tests and trials which assess if the variety is distinct, uniform and stable (DUS) and if it has sufficient value for cultivation and use (VCU). The same DUS criteria are also used world-wide for the granting of Plant Breeders' Rights (PBR), an intellectual property protection system. Both DUS and VCU are currently assessed primarily using field-based trials. However, the potential use of biochemical and molecular markers for DUS purposes is being actively investigated and such markers could have an important role to play in maintaining the quality and scope of PBR in an environment where the increasing number of countries involved in DUS testing and the number of variety comparisons to be made are causing logistical difficulties. More recently, given firstly the increase in the availability of markers from expressed regions of the genome, and secondly the possibilities raised by detailed DNA sequencing programmes and the association of markers (particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) with specific genes, the prospects for a more molecular approach to VCU are also being discussed. This paper reviews the current situation with regard to the use of molecular markers for DUS and VCU testing and considers future prospects for variety registration in the 21st century, ‘-omics’, era.
Intellectual Property Rights on varieties and access to plant genetic resources: towards a coherent and an ethically based approach
Authors: Feyt H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe concept of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) is a very old one, dating as far back as Ancient Greek times. A specific system of IPRs for living organisms was adopted internationally for the first time, for plant varieties, in 1961, through the UPOV Convention. Progress in the field of biotechnology in the 1970s was the starting point for extensive debate on the patenting of living material among both the scientific community and in public fora, resulting in several independent international agreements which, in turn, contributed to the evolution of the Patent System for gene protection and of the statute of plant genetic resources. But, in their current state, the provisions of these various agreements are not globally coherent and, more particularly, conflict specifically with plant varieties and genetic resources. The questions could be solved by generalizing the cornerstone principle of the UPOV Convention, i.e. the free use of genetic variability, which seems to meet the demand of the scientific community.
Development of new marker methods—an example from oil palm
Authors: Price Zuzana , Schulman Alan H. , Mayes Sean 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper reviews marker methods based on retrotransposons and illustrates examples from oil palm. Prior to this study, very little had been known about the repetitive DNA present in oil palm and no marker systems based on retrotransposons had been developed. Firstly,copialike retrotransposons ofElaeis oleifera, Elaeis guineensisandCocos nuciferawere characterized by performing phylogenetic analyses on a portion of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene ofcopia-like retrotransposons. The results identified three classes ofcopia-like retrotransposons in the three species studied. While the C-class RT sequences seemed to have amplified preferentially only inElaeis guineensis, the classes A and B were present inElaeis guineensisandCocos nuciferaas well. Secondly, long terminal repeats (LTRs) from these retrotransposon classes were isolated as a prelude to developing a marker system in palm based on retrotransposons. The B- and C-class LTRs were isolated by primer walking from the RT region and the B-class fromElaeis oleiferaandCocos nuciferawith the use of oil palm-specific RnaseH primers. The method has been developed and applied for breeding purposes in oil palm, hybrids betweenE. oleiferaandE. guineensisand within the tribe Cocoeae. There is scope for the method to be used in the isolation of new retrotransposon families endogenous for each palm species and as an alternative to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in diversity studies within the Palmae.
A strategy for selecting diverse accessions using Principal Component Analysis from a large germplasm collection of soybean
Authors: Sapra R. L , Lal S. K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe suggest a diversity-dependent strategy, based on Principle Component Analysis, for selecting distinct accessions/parents for breeding from a soybean germplasm collection comprising of 463 lines, characterized and evaluated for 10 qualitative and eight quantitative traits. A sample size of six accessions included all the three states, namely low, medium and high of the individual quantitative traits, while a sample of 16–19 accessions included all the 60–64 distinct states of qualitative as well as quantitative traits. Under certain assumptions, the paper also develops an expression for estimating the size of a target population for capturing maximum variability in a sample three accessions.
Applications of bulking in molecular characterization of plant germplasm: a critical review
Authors: Fu Yong-Bi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCharacterization of plant germplasm using molecular techniques is playing an increasingly important role in the management and utilization of plant genetic resources, but has its limitations in the screening of large numbers of accessions held in seed genebanks worldwide. Bulking individual plants from one accession or group to form a representative sample is a promising approach to widening the scope of a characterization, but it is not without technical problems in detecting genetic variation. This review was conducted to assess the technical pitfalls of bulking, and to evaluate the effectiveness of various bulking methods in the assessment of genetic variation and genetic relationships, and in the identification of plant germplasm. Clearly, some alleles, particularly those occurring at low frequency, may go undetected in a bulked sample, depending on the bulking methods and the molecular techniques used. As a result, genetic diversity estimates and genetic relationship inferences can be significantly biased. Germplasm identification may not be always reliable. Thus, it is imperative that the detection limit imposed by bulking be assessed for a newly initiated molecular germplasm characterization and bias be considered in interpretation of the resulting characterization data. Equally imperative is the need for continuous efforts of exploring efficient bulking procedures for the screening of large germplasm collections, particularly by the newly developed marker systems.
Genetic diversity of Chinese and Swedish rapeseed (Brassica napusL.) analysed by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs)
Authors: Chao-zhi M. A. , Ting-dong F. U. , Tuevesson Stine , Gertsson Bo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe have compared the genetic diversity of 24 Chinese weak-winter, Swedish winter and spring Brassica napus accessions by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Using cluster analysis (UPGMA) based on 125 polymorphism bands amplified with 20 primers, the 24 accessions were divided into three groups. Six Swedish winter lines and eight Chinese weak-winter lines were in group I and group II consisted of two Chinese weak-winter lines, Xiangyou15 and Bao81. The third group contained eight Swedish spring lines. Principal coordinates (PCO) analysis showed similar groupings to cluster analysis. Results from cluster analysis and PCO analysis showed very clearly that Chinese weak-winter, Swedish spring and winter accessions were distinguished from each other and Chinese weak-winter accessions in this study were genetically closer to Swedish winter accessions than to Swedish spring accessions. The Chinese weak-winter accessions had larger diversity than the Swedish spring or winter accessions. This study indicated that ISSR is a suitable and effective tool to evaluate genetic diversity among rapeseed germplasm.
Preliminary study on geographical distribution and evolutionary relationships between cultivated and wild adzuki bean (Vigna angularisvar.angularisand var.nipponensis) by AFLP analysis
Authors: Xu-xiao Zong , Vaughan Duncan , Tomooka Norihiko , Kaga Akito , Xin-wang Wang , Jian-ping Guan , Shu-min Wang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA set of 146 representative adzuki (Vigna angularis var. angularis and var. nipponensis) germplasm from six Asian countries with a tradition of adzuki bean production, together with an outgroup standard rice bean (Vigna umbellata), were analysed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methodology using 12 informative primer pairs. A total of 313 unambiguous polymorphic bands were created. According to the dendrogram, using cluster analysis based on AFLP banding, 143 of the accessions were distinct and revealed enough genetic diversity for identification and classification of accessions withinVigna angularis. A neighbour-joining tree was generated using the newly developed Innan's nucleotide diversity estimate from the AFLP data. From analysis, seven distinct evolutionary groups, named ‘Chinese cultivated’, ‘Japanese cultivated’, ‘Japanese complex-Korean cultivated’, ‘Chinese wild’, ‘China Taiwan wild’, ‘Nepal- Bhutan cultivated’ and ‘Himalayan wild’, were detected. Nucleotide diversity with geographical distribution of each group is discussed, regarding the evolutionary relationships between wild and cultivated adzuki beans. The preliminary results indicated that cultivated adzuki beans have been domesticated from at least four progenitors with at least three geographical origins.
Allozymic Markers and Genetic Characterization of a Natural Population of Vriesea friburgensis var. Paludosa, a Bromeliad from the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Alves G. M. , Filho A. R. , Puchalski A. , Reis M. S. , Nodari R. O. , Guerra M. R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA natural population of Vriesea friburgensis var. paludosa was genetically and demographically characterized. Four selected enzymatic systems were used. In total, 10 allozymic loci were analysed. The proportion of polymorphic loci was 70% and the number of alleles per locus was 2.3· The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.234 and 0.226, respectively. An excess of heterozygotes was revealed by the value of the fixation index (—0.035). These indices showed the presence of high levels of genetic diversity in the population studied. A demographic survey revealed almost six times more vegetative than sexually reproductive plants. Reproductive plants were found only in clusters. The genetic diversity exhibited by this population, associated with vegetative as well as sexual propagation, resulting in clusters or colonies, would allow the employment of a sustainable management strategy for species conservation as well as its exploitation as an ornamental.
Genetic Diversity in the Brazilian Species of Adesmia DC (Leguminosae) as Assessed by RAPD
Authors: Dias Paula Menna Barreto , Dall'Agnol Miguel , Schifino-Wittmann Maria Teresa 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe 17 Brazilian species of Adesmia DC were analysed, using 20 primers, with regard to their randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns. From a total of 357 individuals analysed, the 20 primers produced 2249 fragments with molecular sizes ranging from 200 to 2700 bp, 56% of which were polymorphic. Average intra-population genetic similarity, estimated by Jaccard's coefficient, ranged from 0.35 in A. araujoi to 0.80 in A. punctata. Mean intra-specific genetic similarity varied greatly among species, ranging from 0.19 for A. tristis to 0.89 for A. arillata. Mean genetic similarity among the species, estimated by Dice's coefficient, was 0.56. RAPD markers were efficient at separating all the accessions analysed. The results obtained generally agreed with the partition of genetic variability expected according to the mode of reproduction.
Plant Genetic Resources in Crop Improvement
Authors: Haussmann B. I. G. , Parzies H. K. , Presterl T. , Sušić Z. , Miedaner T. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe use of plant genetic resources (PGR) in crop improvement, followed by adoption, cultivation and consumption or marketing of the improved cultivars by farmers, is one of the most sustainable methods to conserve valuable genetic resources for the future, and simultaneously to increase agricultural production and food security. The objective of this review is to summarize issues related to the use of PGR in crop improvement. Specific topics are: definition of genetic resources for crop improvement; information sources on the internet; documentation and evaluation of PGR; access to PGR, equitable sharing of profits, and material transfer agreements; impediments to the use of PGR in crop improvement; classical methods of using PGR in crop improvement (introgression, incorporation, prebreeding and wide crosses); use of landraces in breeding for specific adaptation to stress environments; utility of molecular markers and genomic research for using PGR in crop improvement (diversity assessment, mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker-assisted selection (MAS), advanced backcross QTL analysis and introgression libraries, association studies and direct allele selection); and gene transfer. Practical examples or experimental results are given for most aspects.
DNA Polymorphism Among Blackgram (Vigna Mungo L Hepper) Genotypes Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Markers
Authors: Ranade Ruta , Gopalakrishna T. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe technique of inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR) was used to fingerprint blackgram (Vigna mungo) genotypes in order to differentiate them at a molecular level. Twenty-four primers were used to analyse 11 blackgram genotypes. The genotypes used in the study could be differentiated based on combined amplification profiles generated by two primers (UBC primer numbers 808 (AG)8C and 826 (AC)8C). It was observed that 3′-anchored repeat primers based on (AG) and (GA) repeats amplified a greater number of bands than 3′-anchored repeat primers of (CA) and (AC) repeats. This result perhaps indicates that GA/AG repeats are more frequent than CA/AC repeats in the blackgram genome.
Agricultural Sustainability and Underutilized Crop Species in Southern Italy
Authors: Polignano G. B. , Laghetti G. , Margiotta B. , Perrino P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe concept of agro-sustainability is presented and discussed. The paper shows that sustainable farming practices, sustainable development and the preservation of biological diversity require adequate valorization of local biodiversity. Special emphasis is given to neglected and underutilized crop species. The role and importance of these plants, including primitive wheat, wild anise, food legumes, several vegetables and forage legumes in southern Italy is presented. Each case is presented as an example of cultivation linked to different aspects of utilization, conservation, genetic erosion, and of their potential for sustainable agriculture.
The potential of enhanced germplasm for mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) improvement
Authors: Bisht I. S. , Bhat K. V. , Lakhanpaul S. , Biswas B. K. , Ram B. , Tanwar S. P. S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), also known as greengram, is the most widely cultivated Asian Vigna species. Improved mungbean cultivars have a narrow genetic base that limits yield potential and they are poorly adapted to varying growth conditions in different agro-ecological conditions. The genetic potential of landrace germplasm accessions in gene- banks therefore needs to be better exploited. Germplasm core collections are made of a reduced set of representative accessions from the entire diversity maintained by genebanks. This subset of accessions can be used for testing general combining ability with local germplasm in the search for yield enhancement. Core collections also help breeders in selecting parental material that could maximize potential genetic gain from derived hybrid populations. At the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), India, genetic enhancement/pre- breeding studies in mungbean have been initiated involving diverse parents mainly from the cultivated gene pool, using the Bureau's core collection as starting material. Germplasm enhancement aims at widening the genetic base of breeding materials by transferring desired genes from unimproved germplasm into enhanced varieties. Mild and decentralized selected material was maintained in target sites across the country. A total of 102 progenies were advanced to F5 for further selection and use by the breeders in Delhi. The genetic potential of a few selected enhanced progenies with desired plant types and better yield-related traits is presented in this paper. The study clearly demonstrates the potential of germplasm accessions conserved in genebanks for use in large-scale base-broadening efforts in mungbean.