bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a corrinoid protein involved in the C1 metabolism of strict anaerobic bacterium Moorella thermoacetica
Authors: Das Amaresh , Fu Zheng‐Qing , Tempel Wolfram , Liu Zhi‐Jie , Chang Jessie , Chen Lirong , Lee Doowon , Zhou Weihong , Xu Hao , Shaw Neil , Rose John P. , Ljungdahl Lars G. , Wang Bi‐Cheng 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe strict anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium Moorella thermoacetica metabolizes C1 compounds for example CO2/H2, CO, formate, and methanol into acetate via the Wood/Ljungdahl pathway. Some of the key steps in this pathway include the metabolism of the C1 compounds into the methyl group of methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHF) and the transfer of the methyl group from MTHF to the methyl group of acetyl‐CoA catalyzed by methyltransferase, corrinoid protein and CO dehydrogenase/acetyl CoA synthase. Recently, we reported the crystallization of a 25 kDa methanol‐induced corrinoid protein from M. thermoacetica (Zhou et al., Acta Crystallogr F 2005; 61:537–540). In this study we analyzed the crystal structure of the 25 kDa protein and provide genetic and biochemical evidences supporting its role in the methanol metabolism of M. thermoacetia. The 25 kDa protein was encoded by orf1948 of contig 303 in the M. thermoacetica genome. It resembles similarity to MtaC the corrinoid protein of the methanol:CoM methyltransferase system of methane producing archaea. The latter enzyme system also contains two additional enzymes MtaA and MtaB. Homologs of MtaA and MtaB were found to be encoded by orf2632 of contig 303 and orf1949 of contig 309, respectively, in the M. thermoacetica genome. The orf1948 and orf1949 were co‐transcribed from a single polycistronic operon. Metal analysis and spectroscopic data confirmed the presence of cobalt and the corrinoid in the purified 25 kDa protein. High resolution X‐ray crystal structure of the purified 25 kDa protein revealed corrinoid as methylcobalamin with the imidazole of histidine as the α‐axial ligand replacing benziimidazole, suggesting base‐off configuration for the corrinoid. Methanol significantly activated the expression of the 25 kDa protein. Cyanide and nitrate inhibited methanol metabolism and suppressed the level of the 25 kDa protein. The results suggest a role of the 25 kDa protein in the methanol metabolism of M. thermoacetica. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Product or sum: comparative tests of Voigt, and product or sum of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions in the fitting of synthetic Voigt‐based X‐ray photoelectron spectra
Authors: Hesse R. , Streubel P. , Szargan R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA comparative study for the fitting of X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) using different model functions is presented. Synthetically generated test spectra using Gaussian/Lorentzian convolution and a real measured spectrum are fitted with the three commonly used models: product, sum and Gaussian/Lorentzian convolution functions. In these limited tests, it was found that the sum function is superior to the product function, particularly for low‐noise spectra. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teachers' and prospective teachers' explanations of liquid‐state phenomena: A comparative study involving three European countries
Authors: Leite Laurinda , Mendoza José , Borsese Aldo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAs contact with liquids occurs from an early stage in individuals' lives, children construct explanations for liquids and liquid‐state phenomena. These may differ from the accepted scientific explanations, interfere with formal teaching, and even persist until entry into higher education. The objective of this investigation is to compare student‐teachers' and in‐service science teachers' explanations for liquid‐state phenomena, in three European countries. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire applied to 195 Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish in‐service science teachers. Data analysis revealed poor performance among participants, showing low percentages of correct answers. In addition, no systematic differences were found between participants from the three countries, and teaching experience seems to minimize some of the conceptual difficulties showed by in‐service teachers. Globally, science education seems to have had a limited effect on student‐teachers' and in‐service science teachers' conceptions. We conclude that more attention should be paid to the liquid state in both initial and continuing teacher education programs so that teachers can understand more clearly liquid‐state phenomena and succeed in explaining them to their students. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 349–374, 2007
Authentication traffics modeling and analysis in next generation wireless networks
Authors: Zhang Yan , Xiao Shaoqiu , Zhou Mingtuo , Fujise Masayuki 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAccess security is an indispensable component in the future generation wireless networks to enable the trusted communications. During the User Equipment (UE) access procedure, the authentication overhead analysis is able to provide insights in understanding the security management performance. To unify the model for analyzing the authentication traffics under different location management schemes, we introduce the concept location update inter‐arrival time. Furthermore, based on the UE's typical behavior, we propose a system model and define the metric number of User Authentication Request (UAR) in SGSN residence time to evaluate the authentication cost. Numerical results are illustrated to show the interaction between the parameters and the performance metrics. The sensitivity of call arrival process and the effects of location management schemes are also discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutrition in children with CRF and on dialysis
Authors: Rees Lesley , Shaw Vanessa 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe objectives of this study are: (1) to understand the importance of nutrition in normal growth; (2) to review the methods of assessing nutritional status; (3) to review the dietary requirements of normal children throughout childhood, including protein, energy, vitamins and minerals; (4) to review recommendations for the nutritional requirements of children with chronic renal failure (CRF) and on dialysis; (5) to review reports of spontaneous nutritional intake in children with CRF and on dialysis; (6) to review the epidemiology of nutritional disturbances in renal disease, including height, weight and body composition; (7) to review the pathological mechanisms underlying poor appetite, abnormal metabolic rate and endocrine disturbances in renal disease; (8) to review the evidence for the benefit of dietetic input, dietary supplementation, nasogastric and gastrostomy feeds and intradialytic nutrition; (9) to review the effect of dialysis adequacy on nutrition; (10) to review the effect of nutrition on outcome.
Variables Affecting the Production of Standard Biodiesel
Authors: Mahajan Sonam , Konar Samir K. , Boocock David G. B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBiodiesel is composed of fatty acid methyl esters, currently made from vegetable oils using basic catalysts. The oils must be reacted two or three times with methanol, in the presence of sodium methoxide to make products which meet the ASTM and European biodiesel standards. It is also believed that sodium hydroxide can never be used as the catalyst because it causes soap formation, which either lowers the yield or raises the acid number and makes product isolation difficult. Methods for producing standard biodiesel from low‐acid‐number soybean oil, in one chemical reaction using sodium hydroxide and a cosolvent, were recently reported. This study reports the effects of variables on the acid numbers and chemically bound glycerol contents of the products which led to the methods. These variables were the molar ratio of alcohol to oil, catalyst concentration, cosolvent volume, and reaction time. The alcohol‐to‐oil molar ratio must be at least 14, and the sodium hydroxide concentration should be at least 1.2 wt% (based on oil), to meet the necessary acid number and glycerol contents of the biodiesel. The volume of tetrahydrofuran cosolvent used must be 90–130% of that required to just create complete miscibility at the beginning of the reactions.
Endoscopic treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma: A minimally invasive approach combined with radiation therapy
Authors: Suriano Maria , De Vincentiis Marco , Colli Alessandro , Benfari Guido , Mascelli Alberto , Gallo Andrea 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVEIn a retrospective analysis we discuss our experience in the treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma (ON), a rare tumor of the sinonasal tract.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGNine patients with olfactory neuroblastoma were treated at the Bolognini Hospital of Seriate and at the Department of Otolaryngology of “La Sapienza” University of Rome combining endoscopic surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. All patients were staged according to Kadish criteria. No chemotherapy was administered in any cases. Local radiation therapy was started postoperatively in all the cases.RESULTSAll patients, over an average follow‐up which ranged from 26 through 60 months, are actually alive with non evidence of disease (NED).CONCLUSIONSDespite the short follow‐up in this small series of patients, we suggest endoscopic surgery combined with postoperative radiation therapy as an alternative to the conventional modalities of treatment for esthesioneuroblastoma in selected cases.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Rhinitis medicamentosa: Electron microscopic changes of human nasal mucosa
Authors: Knipping Stephan , Holzhausen Hans Juergen , Goetze Gerrit , Riederer Andreas , Bloching Marc Boris 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVEProlonged application of nasal vasoconstrictors causes rhinitis medicamentosa (RM). Nasal obstruction is induced by rebound swelling when the decongestive effect has disappeared. The aim of this study was to demonstrate ultrastructural changes in RM.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGTissue samples of inferior turbinates from 22 patients with RM and 10 patients without rhinitis were taken during nasal surgery. Ultrathin sections were investigated by using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).RESULTSThe TEM findings revealed severe epithelial damages such as loss of ciliated cells. In the subepithelial region, the vascular endothelium showed gaps and ruptures of basal lamina.CONCLUSIONRM is a drug‐induced damage of human nasal mucosa. Loss and destruction of ciliated epithelial cells are the morphologic correlation of the disturbed mucociliary clearance. In addition, vascular endothelium revealed ultrastructural changes. This could be caused by an increased vascular permeability with consecutive interstitial edema.SIGNIFICANCEThis study demonstrated new morphological aspects of rhinitis medicamentosa.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Extracts from The Cochrane Library: Antihistamines and/or decongestants for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children
Authors: Burton Martin J. , Rosenfeld Richard M. 
Published: January 2007

The “Cochrane Corner” is a quarterly section in the Journal that highlights systematic reviews relevant to otolaryngology‐ head and neck surgery, with invited commentary to highlight implications for clinical decision making. This installment features a Cochrane Review entitled “Antihistamines and/or decongestants for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children,” which recommends against treatment because of no demonstrable benefits but significant potential for harm.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection in livestock in southern Africa.
Authors: Vuuren M. van 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is viewed as an economically important pathogen of cattle in southern Africa. During the last decade, a high priority was given to the diagnosis and control of BVDV-associated diseases, which was evident from the attention it received at conferences and meetings of both practitioners and producers. The presence of BVDV in southern Africa has been known since the early 1970s through serological surveys but only a few documented reports confirming its presence through virus isolation and correlation with clinical disease are available. Of the clinical signs in cattle from which virus was isolated, respiratory signs were the most frequent, followed by diarrhoea. Bovine viral diarrhoea viruses obtained by isolation in tissue culture or detected by means of antigen capture ELISA from clinically sick cattle were characterized on the basis of analysis of the 5′-non-translated (5′-NTR) region of the genome. All the BVDV strains analysed belong to subgroups of BVDV genotype 1. No association could be demonstrated between the geographic origins of the isolates. The findings suggest that an extensive genetic diversity can be found within BVDV type 1 isolates from southern Africa. Isolates that group with the classical BVDV type 1 strains, particularly of American origin, coexist with variants that appear to represent a local genetic pool and/or variants evolving from the classical strains.
Agrobiotechnology and biosafety in Colombia.
Authors: Jaramillo E. H. de , Carrizosa M. S. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
This paper provides a general overview of agrobiotechnology and biosafety development in Colombia. It outlines agrobiotechnology policies, priorities and development strategies in Colombia, as well as research capacities. A description of the evolution of biosafety regulations and legislation in force in the country is also included. As an important implementation part of the Cartagena PROTOCOL in Colombia, the GEF-WB Colombian Biosafety project 'Capacity Building for Implementation of the Cartagena PROTOCOL in Colombia' is briefly described.
Nuclear magnetic ordering in metals
Authors: Frank Pobell  
Published: January 2007

Spontaneous nuclear magnetic ordering is discussed for the following two groups of metals:
1. Metals where the nuclear-electron interaction is so weak that the nuclear spin temperature can be reduced substantially below the electronic and lattice temperatures and where this temperature difference can be kept for a time sufficiently long to perform investigations of the "isolated" nuclear spin system. By this method, nuclear magnetic ordering in Ag and Cu has been observed at nanokelvin nuclear spin temperatures. Here I will also consider the interesting phenomena occurring at negative nuclear spin temperatures.
2. Metals where the nuclear-electron coupling is so strong that nuclei and electrons cannot be decoupled for an experimentally relevant time. For these groups of metals the complex NMR spectra of Tl as well as the recent observation of a spontaneous nuclear magnetic ordering transition of In nuclear spins in the cubic intermetallic compound AuIn2 at microkelvin temperatures will be reviewed.
Spurious counts and spurious results on haematology analysers: a review. Part I: platelets
Authors: ZANDECKI M. , GENEVIEVE F. , GERARD J. , GODON A. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryThe widespread use of haematology analysers (HA) has led to a major improvement of cellular haematology, because of quick and accurate results found in most instances. However, in several situations, spurious results are observed. Inadequate blood samples, situations induced by the anticoagulant(s) used, peculiar changes related to the pathology in the patient, and technical considerations about performances of the various HA must be considered. Spurious thrombocytopenia occurs in several circumstances related to the presence of ethylenediamine tetra‐acetic acid (EDTA) used as the anticoagulant. Mechanism of EDTA‐dependent platelet (PLT) agglutination is related to circulating (auto)antibodies directed against normally hidden epitope(s) in the glycoprotein alpha IIb/beta IIIa complex from PLT membrane exposed only in the presence of EDTA. Other spuriously low PLT counts may be related to EDTA, including PLT rosetting around white blood cells (WBC; satellitism) and PLT‐WBC aggregates, but mechanisms responsible for those latter phenomena are less well known. Spurious increase of PLT count may be related to several situations, including fragmented red blood cells, cytoplasmic fragments of nucleated cells, cryoglobulins, bacteria or fungi, and lipids. Flags generated in several of these situations alert the operator on possible abnormal findings and may identify the problem. Analysing only PLT parameters is not sufficient: in many situations the WBC differential scattergram is of crucial help for flagging. Flags generated depend on the software version on the HA used, the performance in detecting the same anomalies may differ according to which analyser is used, even those from the same manufacturer. Operators must be aware of the characteristics of their analyser and be able to recognize and circumvent anomalous results.
Characterization of polVR391: a Y‐family polymerase encoded by rumA′B from the IncJ conjugative transposon, R391
Authors: Mead Samantha , Vaisman Alexandra , Valjavec‐Gratian Majda , Karata Kiyonobu , Vandewiele Dominique , Woodgate Roger 
Published: January 2007

SummaryAlthough best characterized for their ability to traverse a variety of DNA lesions, Y‐family DNA polymerases can also give rise to elevated spontaneous mutation rates if they are allowed to replicate undamaged DNA. One such enzyme that promotes high levels of spontaneous mutagenesis in Escherichia coli is polVR391, a polV‐like Y‐family polymerase encoded by rumA′B from the IncJ conjugative transposon R391. When expressed in a ΔumuDC lexA(Def) recA730 strain, polVR391 promotes higher levels of spontaneous mutagenesis than the related MucA′B (polR1) or UmuD′C (polV) polymerases respectively. Analysis of the spectrum of polVR391‐dependent mutations in rpoB revealed a unique genetic fingerprint that is typified by an increase in C:G→A:T and A:T→T:A transversions at certain mutagenic hot spots. Biochemical characterization of polVR391 highlights the exceptional ability of the enzyme to misincorporate T opposite C and T in sequence contexts corresponding to mutagenic hot spots. Purified polVR391 can also bypass a T‐T pyrimidine dimer efficiently and displays greater accuracy opposite the 3′T of the dimer than opposite an undamaged T. Our study therefore provides evidence for the molecular basis for the enhanced spontaneous mutator activity of RumA′B, as well as explains its ability to promote efficient and accurate bypass of T‐T pyrimidine dimers in vivo.
Detection of bacteria in platelet concentrates prepared from spiked single donations using cultural and molecular genetic methods
Authors: Störmer M. , Cassens U. , Kleesiek K. , Dreier J. 
Published: January 2007

summary Bacteria show differences in their growth kinetics depending on the type of blood component. On to storage at 22 °C, platelet concentrates (PCs) seem to be more prone to bacterial multiplication than red cell concentrates. Knowledge of the potential for bacterial proliferation in blood components, which are stored at a range of temperatures, is essential before considering implementation of a detection strategy.The efficacy of bacterial detection was determined, using real‐time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), following bacterial growth in blood components obtained from a deliberately contaminated whole‐blood (WB) unit. Cultivation was used as the reference method. WB was spiked with 2 colony‐forming units mL−1Staphylococcus epidermidis or Klebsiella pneumoniae, kept for 15 h at room temperature and component preparation was processed. Samples were drawn, at intervals throughout the whole separation process, from each blood component. Nucleic acids were extracted using an automated high‐volume extraction method.The 15‐h storage revealed an insignificant increase in bacterial titre. No bacterial growth was detected in red blood cell or plasma units. K. pneumoniae showed rapid growth in the pooled PC and could be detected immediately after preparation using RT‐PCR. S. epidermidis grew slowly and was detected 24 h after separation.These experiments show that sampling is indicative at 24 h after preparation of PCs at the earliest to minimize the sampling error.
Positron emission tomography of stage IV mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma confined to the four major salivary glands
Authors: Mac Manus MP , Ryan G , Lau E , Wirth A , Hicks RJ 
Published: January 2007

SummaryIn a patient with stage IVA marginal zone lymphoma, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography indicated that the disease was confined to the four major salivary glands. The positron emission tomography findings encouraged the use of radiotherapy with curative intent in this case. After 30 Gy of external beam radiotherapy to the parotid and submandibular glands, the patient entered a complete remission and remains free from progression more than 4 years later.
Radiology teaching: Essentials of a quality teaching programme
Authors: Subramaniam RM , Gibson RN 
Published: January 2007

SummaryMedical student teaching is an important component of radiology education. Despite the practice of radiology undergoing significant changes during the last two or three decades, the importance of radiology has not translated fully into medical school curricula in Australia and New Zealand. This article reviews the essential components of a quality medical student teaching programme.
Epithelioid sarcoma of the median nerve mimicking a peripheral nerve sheath tumour
Authors: Harish S , Saifuddin A , Fajinmi M 
Published: January 2007

SummaryWe describe a case of epithelioid sarcoma of the median nerve in a 57‐year‐old woman presenting with symptoms and signs of carpal tunnel syndrome for 2 years. The clinical examination was suggestive of a wrist ganglion compressing the median nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a 5 cm × 3 cm mass involving the median nerve in the carpal tunnel and appearances mimicked a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour. This report illustrates a rare tumour presenting in a rare location and emphasizes the atypical clinical and MRI features that should alert the radiologist to the possibility of a rare sarcoma mimicking a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour.
Hyaline‐vascular type Castleman’s disease of the pararenal retroperitoneum: Multidetector CT findings
Authors: Demir MK , Aker FV 
Published: January 2007

SummaryWe describe the case of a 40‐year‐old woman who presented with a pararenal hyaline‐vascular type Castleman’s disease that had an arterial supply from the renal artery and a draining vein as showed by multidetector CT. Identification of the renal artery relationship to the feeding vessel of the mass is critical to prevent potential surgical complications.
Robinow syndrome: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Al Kaissi A , Bieganski T , Baranska D , Chehida FB , Gharbi H , Ghachem MB , Hendaoui L , Safi H , Kozlowski K 
Published: January 2007

SummaryWe report two patients with Robinow syndrome, review the published literature and stress the importance and limitations of radiographic examination in the diagnosis of this disorder, which shows extreme clinical and radiographic variability. The radiographic differential diagnosis of Robinow syndrome is discussed.
Stage I seminoma in a 15‐year‐old boy
Authors: Geake J , Potter AE , Borg MF , Lipsett J , Koukourou A 
Published: January 2007

SummarySeminomas are very rare tumours in children and adolescents. We describe a case of seminoma in a 15‐year‐old boy who was managed with orchidectomy but no adjuvant therapy. He remains relapse‐free 8 years after surgery as determined by clinical, radiological and serological surveillance. This study emphasizes the uncertainty over the need for adjuvant treatment in the management of seminoma in the adolescent patient, in particular in prepubescent children.