bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiated P19 cells express N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor 1 mRNA bindingtrans‐acting proteins and four N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor 1 splice variants comparable to those in cultured fetal cortical neurons
Authors: Anji Antje , Kumari Meena 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDifferentiated P19 cells naturally express N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors and serve as a good in vitro model system with which to study NMDA receptor regulation. Here we examined expression of NR1 mRNA bindingtrans‐acting proteins and NR1 splice variants in P19 cells. After exposure to retinoic acid, P19 cells were differentiated for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days in vitro (DIV). Total RNA and protein extracts from differentiated P19 cells were utilized to examine NR1 and NR2B expression. A steady increase in NR1 and NR2B mRNA and protein levels was observed with respect to days of differentiation. NR2B mRNA was detected within 2 DIV. However, NR2B protein appeared only at 4 DIV. By contrast, minimal expression of NR1 mRNA could be detected in undifferentiated P19 cells, whereas NR1 protein was detected at 4 DIV. RT‐PCR analysis identified expression of four of eight full‐length NR1 splice variants, similar to the expression pattern seen in fetal cortical neurons (FCN). These data were confirmed by ribonuclease protection assays. RNA gel shift assays and Northwestern analysis revealed the expression of NR1 mRNA bindingtrans‐acting proteins in P19 neurons comparable to those expressed in FCN. RNA super gel shift assays confirmed the presence of the NR1 mRNA bindingtrans‐acting protein GIIβ in the NR1–3′UTR–P19 protein complex. Levels of GIIβ polypeptide increased with increase in days of differentiation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that differentiated P19 cells are comparable to FCN and hence provide an excellent in vitro model for studying NR1 mRNA regulation at the posttranscriptional level. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinct properties of murine α5 γ‐aminobutyric acid type a receptors revealed by biochemical fractionation and mass spectroscopy
Authors: Ju Young H. , Guzzo Angelina , Chiu Mary W. , Taylor Paul , Moran Michael F. , Gurd James W. , MacDonald John F. , Orser Beverley A. 
Published: January 2009

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) that contain the α5 subunit are expressed predominantly in the hippocampus, where they regulate learning and memory processes. Unlike conventional postsynaptic receptors, GABAARs containing the α5 subunit (α5 GABAARs) are localized primarily to extrasynaptic regions of neurons, where they generate a tonic inhibitory conductance. The unique characteristics of α5 GABAARs have been examined with pharmacological, immunostaining, and electrophysiological techniques; however, little is known about their biochemical properties. The aim of this study was to modify existing purification and enrichment techniques to isolate α5 GABAARs preferentially from the mouse hippocampus and to identify the α5 subunit by using tandem mass spectroscopy (MS/MS). The results showed that the detergent solubility of the α5 subunits was distinct from that of α1 and α2 subunits, and the relative distribution of the α5 subunits in Triton X‐100‐soluble fractions was correlated with that of the extracellular protein radixin but not with that of the postsynaptic protein gephyrin. Mass spectrometry identified the α5 subunit and showed that this subunit associates with multiple α, β, and γ subunits, but most frequently the β3 subunit. Thus, the α5 subunits coassemble with similar subunits as their synaptic counterparts yet have a distinct detergent solubility profile. Mass spectroscopy now offers a method for detecting and characterizing factors that confer the unique detergent solubility and possibly cellular location of α5 GABAARs in hippocampal neurons. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
All‐trans retinoic acid inhibits cobalt chloride‐induced apoptosis in PC12 cells: Role of the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase/asymmetric dimethylarginine pathway
Authors: Wang Shan , Hu Chang‐Ping , Jiang De‐Jian , Peng Jun , Zhou Zhi , Yuan Qiong , Nie Sheng‐Dan , Jiang Jun‐Lin , Li Yuan‐Jian , Huang Ke‐Long 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and its specific hydrolase dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) are involved in the regulation of apoptosis in different cell types. In the present study, we investigated the role of the DDAH/ADMA pathway in cobalt chloride (CoCl2)–induced apoptosis and the antiapoptotic effect of all‐trans retinoic acid (atRA) in undifferentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Treatment of CoCl2 (125 μM) for 48 hr significantly induced the apoptosis of PC12 cells, concomitantly with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and caspase‐3 activity. CoCl2 treatment also decreased the activity of DDAH and the expression of DDAH2 (mRNA and protein), resulting in an increased level of ADMA. All these alterations induced by CoCl2 were attenuated by atRA (0.1, 1, or 10 μM). Interestingly, the antiapoptotic effects of atRA were inhibited by DDAH2 small RNA interference. In contrast, DDAH2 overexpression inhibited the proapoptotic effects of CoCl2. We also found that treatment of exogenous ADMA (3, 10, or 30 μM) induced the apoptosis of PC12 cells in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner, which was inhibited by the antioxidant or the caspase‐3 inhibitor. These findings suggest that the modulation of the DDAH/ADMA/ROS pathway plays an important role in CoCl2‐induced apoptosis and the antiapoptotic effects of atRA in undifferentiated PC12 cells. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparative purification of salidroside from Rhodiola rosea by two‐step adsorption chromatography on resins
Authors: Ma Chaoyang , Tang Jian , Wang Hongxin , Tao Guangjun , Gu Xiaohong , Hu Liming 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSalidroside is an effective adaptogenic drug extracted from Rhodiola species. In the present study, a simple and efficient method for preparative separation and purification of salidroside from the Chinese medicinal plant Rhodiola rosesa was developed by adsorption chromatography on macroporous resins. The static adsorption isotherms and kinetics of some resins have been determined and compared for preparative separation of salidroside. According to our results, HPD‐200 resin is the most appropriate medium for the separation of salidroside and its adsorption data fit the Langmuir isotherm well. Dynamic adsorption and desorption were carried out in glass columns packed with HPD‐200 to optimize the separation process. After two adsorption and desorption runs, a product with a salidroside content of 92.21% and an overall recovery of 48.82% was achieved. In addition, pure lamellar crystals of salidroside with a purity of 99.00% could be obtained from this product. Its molecular weight was determined by an ESI‐MS method. The simple purification scheme avoids toxic organic solvents used in silica gel and high‐speed counter‐current chromatographic separation processes and thus increases the safety of the process and can be helpful for large‐scale salidroside production from Rhodiola rosea or other plant extracts.
Enrichment of the thymoquinone content in volatile oil from Satureja montana using supercritical fluid extraction
Authors: Grosso Clara , Figueiredo Ana Cristina , Burillo Jesus , Mainar Ana M. , Urieta José S. , Barroso José G. , Coelho José A. , Palavra António M. F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSupercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the volatile oil from Satureja montana L. was performed under different conditions of pressure (90 and 100 bar), temperature (40 and 50°C), mean particle sizes (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mm) and CO2 flow rate (0.8, 1.1 and 1.3 kg/h) to understand the influence of these parameters on the composition and yield of this oil. The results were compared with those obtained for the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation (HD). The volatile and the essential oil were analysed by GC and GC‐MS. The main compounds are carvacrol (52.2–62.0% for HD vs. 41.7–64.5% for SFE), thymol (8.6–11.0% for HD vs. 6.0–11.3% for SFE), p‐cymene (6.9–12.8% for HD vs. 6.0–17.8% for SFE), γ‐terpinene (6.4–9.4% for HD vs. 2.3–6.0% for SFE) and β‐bisabolene (2.0–2.7% for HD vs. 2.2–3.5% for SFE). The major difference between SFE and HD was the relative amount of thymoquinone, an oxygenated monoterpene with important biological activities, which can be ten‐fold higher in volatile oil (1.6–3.0 for SFE vs. 0.2% for HD). The morphology of the glandular trichomes of S. montana and the effect of the grinding process on them was also evaluated by SEM.
Comparative analysis of volatile constituents between recipe jingfangsan and its single herbs by GC‐MS combined with alternative moving window factor analysis method
Authors: Li Xiao‐Ru , Liang Yi‐Zeng , Zhou Tao , Zhang Liang‐Xiao , Hu Chun‐Di 
Published: January 2009

AbstractComparative analysis of volatile constituents between recipe jingfangsan and its single herbs was performed by GC‐MS combined with alternative moving window factor analysis (AMWFA), a new chemometric resolution method. Identification of the compounds was also assisted by comparison of temperature‐programmed retention indices (PTRIs) on the OV‐1 column with authentic samples. In total, 36, 29, and 42 volatile components in essential oil of Herba schizonepetae (HS), Radix saposhnikoviae (RS), and the recipe were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively, accounting for 81.80, 82.62 and 85.98% total contents of volatile oil of HS, RS, and the recipe respectively. Analysis by the method of AMWFA indicates that there are 22 common volatile constituents between the recipe and single herbal medicine HS, and 14 common volatile constituents between the recipe and single herb medicine RS. The experimental results also show that the volatile components of the recipe in number are almost addition of that of two single herbal medicines HS and RS, and are mainly from the single herbal medicine HS.
On the correspondence between arithmetic theories and propositional proof systems – a survey
Authors: Beyersdorff Olaf 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to survey the correspondence between bounded arithmetic and propositional proof systems. In addition, it also contains some new results which have appeared as an extended abstract in the proceedings of the conference TAMC 2008 [11].Bounded arithmetic is closely related to propositional proof systems; this relation has found many fruitful applications. The aim of this paper is to explain and develop the general correspondence between propositional proof systems and arithmetic theories, as introduced by Krajíček and Pudlák [46]. Instead of focusing on the relation between particular proof systems and theories, we favour a general axiomatic approach to this correspondence. In the course of the development we particularly highlight the role played by logical closure properties of propositional proof systems, thereby obtaining a characterization of extensions of EF in terms of a simple combination of these closure properties (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A lexicographic path order with slow growing derivation bounds
Authors: Eguchi Naohi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper is concerned with implicit computational complexity of the exptime computable functions. Modifying the lexicographic path order, we introduce a path order EPO. It is shown that a termination proof for a term rewriting system via EPO implies an exponential bound on the lengths of derivations. The path order EPO is designed so that every exptime function is representable as a term rewrite system compatible with EPO (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bernstein–Nikolskii and Plancherel–Polya inequalities in Lp ‐norms on non‐compact symmetric spaces
Authors: Pesenson Isaac 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBy using Bernstein‐type inequality we define analogs of spaces of entire functions of exponential type in Lp (X), 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, where X is a symmetric space of non‐compact. We give estimates of Lp ‐norms, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, of such functions (the Nikolskii‐type inequalities) and also prove the Lp ‐Plancherel–Polya inequalities which imply that our functions of exponential type are uniquely determined by their inner products with certain countable sets of measures with compact supports and can be reconstructed from such sets of “measurements” in a stable way (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Starlike and convex rational mappings on infinite dimensional domains
Authors: Chu Cho‐Ho , Hamada Hidetaka , Honda Tatsuhiro , Kohr Gabriela 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe give starlike criteria for a class of rational mappings on the open unit ball of a complex Banach space. We also give a sufficient condition for these mappings to be convex when they are defined in Hilbert spaces. These criteria facilitate the construction of concrete examples of starlike and convex mappings on infinite dimensional domains (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Gauss map of pseudo‐algebraic minimal surfaces in R4
Authors: Kawakami Yu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we prove effective estimates for the number of exceptional values and the totally ramified value number of the Gauss map for pseudo‐algebraic and algebraic minimal surfaces in Euclidean four‐space and give a kind of unicity theorem (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The convergence of q ‐Bernstein polynomials (0 < q < 1) in the complex plane
Authors: Ostrovska Sofiya 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe paper focuses at the estimates for the rate of convergence of the q ‐Bernstein polynomials (0 < q < 1) in the complex plane. In particular, a generalization of previously known results on the possibility of analytic continuation of the limit function and an elaboration of the theorem by Wang and Meng is presented (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Composite Polyamide 6/Polypyrrole Conductive Nanofibers
Authors: Granato Flavio , Bianco Andrea , Bertarelli Chiara , Zerbi Giuseppe 
Published: January 2009

AbstractConductive Polyamide 6 (PA‐6) nanofibers were prepared by making a conductive polypyrrole coating obtained by a polymerization of pyrrole molecules directly on the fiber surface. A solution of PA‐6 added with ferric chloride in formic acid has been electrospun and the fibers obtained showed an average diameter of 260 nm with a smooth surface. The fibers have been then exposed to pyrrole vapours and a compact coating of polypyrrole was formed on the fiber surface. The growth of the coating was monitored by measuring the increment of the fiber diameter and by FT‐IR spectroscopy. The same technique was used to study the interaction between the ferric chloride and the polyamide chains. The polypyrrole coating on the fibers turned out to be conductive with a pure resistive characteristic and the stability of the conductivity was evaluated in air at room temperature.magnified image
Polymers and Sulfur: what are Organic Polysulfides Good For? Preparative Strategies and Biological Applications
Authors: Vo Cong Duan , Kilcher Giona , Tirelli Nicola 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSulfur(II)‐containing polymers (polysulfides) combine flexible synthetic and processing techniques with a unique responsiveness to oxidants. Here, the polysulfide oxidative sensitivity is put into the biological context of the development of new anti‐inflammatory therapies – the development of new anti‐inflammatory methodologies, adopted interactions and the minimisation of foreign‐body reactions – through the review of 50 years of research on polysulfide synthetic methodologies. Attention is paid to the identification of the most flexible and robust preparative techniques.magnified image
Ileal and faecal digestibility of daidzein and genistein and plasma bioavailability of these isoflavones and their bioactive metabolites in the ovariectomised rat
Authors: Poulsen Raewyn C. , Loots Du Toit , Moughan Paul J. , Kruger Marlena C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractConsumption of the soya isoflavones genistein and daidzein may provide protection against postmenopausal bone loss. The purpose of this study was to determine ileal and faecal digestibility of daidzein and genistein and the extent of formation of metabolites in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the ovariectomised rat, a model for postmenopausal bone loss. Twenty female rats were ovariectomised and fed either genistein or daidzein (0.026% of diet) for 4 wks. Genistein, daidzein and their GI‐derived metabolites were quantitatively determined in plasma, urine, faeces and ileal digesta using GC/MS. Ileal and faecal digestibility of genistein (93 and 99.9%, respectively) were significantly greater than that of daidzein (32 and 77.5%, respectively). In genistein‐supplemented animals, 4‐ethylphenol was present in plasma in relatively high concentrations. The bioactivity of 4‐ethylphenol may contribute to the physiological effects attributed to genistein consumption. The daidzein metabolite equol, was present in relatively high amounts in ileal digesta indicating substantial biotransformation of daidzein occurred in the small intestine presumably as a result of the activity of the resident microbiota. Further studies are required to determine whether 4‐ethylphenol is a major metabolite of genistein in humans and the extent of biotransformation of daidzein to equol in the small intestine in humans.
Characterization and potential function of a novel pre‐implantation embryo‐specific RING finger protein: TRIML1
Authors: Tian Liyuan , Wu Xiaojie , Lin Yanli , Liu Zhuguo , Xiong Fuyin , Han Zhengbin , Zhou Yanrong , Zeng Qiangcheng , Wang Yumin , Deng Jixian , Chen Hongxing 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMembers of the super‐class of zinc finger proteins are key regulators in early embryogenesis. Utilizing in silico mining of EST Databases for pre‐implantation Embryo‐Specific Zinc Finger Protein Genes, we characterized a novel zygotic mouse gene—tripartite motif family‐like 1 (TRIML1), which expresses in embryo before implantation. Knocking down of TRIML1 resulted in the fewer cell number of blastocysts and failture to give rise to neonates after embryo transfer. The binding partner of TRIML1, Ubiquitin‐specific protease 5 (USP5), was identified by yeast two‐hybrid screening assay. The interaction was confirmed by GST pull‐down and coimmunoprecipitation analysis. The role of TRIML1 in ubiquitin pathway during the development stage of mouse blastocyst was further discussed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 656–664, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance and properties ofQ‐Statistic monitoring schemes
Authors: Zantek Paul F. , Nestler Scott T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this article, we study the Shewhart chart ofQstatistics proposed for the detection of process mean shifts in start‐up processes and short runs. Exact expressions for the run‐length distribution of this chart are derived and evaluated using an efficient computational procedure. The procedure can be considerably faster than using direct simulation. We extend our work to analyze the practice of requiring multiple signals from the chart before responding, a practice sometimes followed with Shewhart charts. The results show that waiting to receive multiple signals severely reduces the probability of quickly detecting shifts in certain cases, and therefore may be considered a risky practice. Operational guidelines for practitioners implementing the chart are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
Modulation of choline kinase activity in human cancer cells observed by dynamic 31P NMR
Authors: Gabellieri Cristina , Beloueche‐Babari Mounia , Jamin Yann , Payne Geoffrey S. , Leach Martin O. , Eykyn Thomas R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCholine metabolites are widely studied in cancer research as biomarkers of malignancy and as indicators of therapeutic response. However, endogenous phosphocholine levels are determined by a number of processes that confound the interpretation of these measurements, including membrane transport rates and a series of enzyme catalysed reactions in the Kennedy pathway. Employing a dynamic 31P NMR assay that is specific to choline kinase (ChoK) we have measured the rates of this enzyme reaction in cell lysates of MDA‐MB‐231 breast, PC‐3 prostate and HeLa cervical cancer cells and in solutions of purified human ChoK. The rates are sensitive to inhibition by hemicholinium‐3 (HC‐3), a competitive ChoK inhibitor, and to N‐[2‐bromocinnamyl(amino)ethyl]‐5‐isoquinolinesulphonamide (H‐89), an agent commercialized as a specific cyclic‐AMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Institutional learning and adaptation: Developing state audit capacity in China
Authors: Gong Ting 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn recent decades, the Chinese state has been confronted by a dual challenge: to monitor and regulate the country's rapid socioeconomic development and, at the same time, to reform itself, as centrally planned state, in order to adapt to market‐driven changes. This has made it an imperative for the state to remake as well as strengthen its capacity. How has the Chinese state taken up the challenge? To what extent has state capacity been shaped or reshaped in the process? Is the state's endeavour to strengthen and institutionalise its capacity successful? This article examines China's experience with building a powerful audit regime to answer these questions. It explores the driving forces behind institutional change and capacity development. As the findings show, the evolution of the state audit capacity in China is not a simple, linear process, but rather it is associated with multiple changes in the legal and regulatory framework, inter‐institutional relations and the norms guiding the behaviour of institutional actors. The development of the state audit in China reveals both the dynamics and dilemmas of state capacity development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of patients with FA and high risk features using fludarabine without radiation
Authors: Baker Jillian M. , Lewis Victor A. , Fernandez Conrad V. , Duval Michel , Crooks Bruce N. , Yuille Kim , Freedman Melvin H. , Doyle John J. , Dror Yigal 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSeveral factors unique to Fanconi anemia (FA) limit the success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in this population. In this report, we describe a multi‐center pilot study of five consecutive FA patients with high‐risk features for transplant prepared with fludarabine, without radiation. Four patients engrafted quickly, experienced minimal toxicity and are well at 43–65 months post‐transplant. One patient had a C‐mismatched unrelated donor transplant and had unsustained engraftment. This fludarabine based regimen without radiation was safe and effective for four high‐risk patients, suggesting that eliminating radiation should be further studied as an approach to HSCT in children with FA. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:683–685. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.