bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wavelet and multiple scale reproducing kernel methods
Authors: Liu Wing Kam , Chen Yijung 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMultiple scale methods based on reproducing kernel and wavelet analysis are developed. These permit the response of a system to be separated into different scales. These scales can be either the wave numbers corresponding to spatial variables or the frequencies corresponding to temporal variables, and each scale response can be examined separately. This complete characterization of the unknown response is performed through the integral window transform, and a space‐scale and time‐frequency localization process is achieved by dilating the flexible multiple scale window function. An error estimation technique based on this decomposition algorithm is developed which is especially useful for local mesh refinement and convergence studies. This flexible space‐scale window function can be constructed to resemble the well‐known unstructured multigrid and hp‐adaptive finite element methods. However, the multiple scale adaptive refinements are performed simply by inserting nodes into the highest wavelet scale solution region and at the same time narrowing the window function. Hence hp‐like adaptive refinements can be performed without a mesh. An energy error ratio parameter is also introduced as a measure of aliasing error, and critical dilation parameters are determined for a class of spline window functions to obtain optimal accuracy. This optimal dilation parameter dictates the number of nodes covered under the support of a given window function. Numerical examples, which include the Helmholtz equation and the 1D and 2D advection‐diffusion equations, are presented to illustrate the high accuracy of the methods using the optimal dilation parameter, the concept of multiresolution analysis and the meshless unstructured adaptive refinements.
Numerical solution of two‐layer, two‐dimensional tidal flow in a boundary‐fitted orthogonal curvilinear co‐ordinate system
Authors: Chau K. W. , Jin H. S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA new two‐layer, two‐dimensional mathematical model employing a finite difference method based on numerically generated boundary‐fitted orthogonal co‐ordinates and a grid ‘block’ technique for unsteady boundary problems is developed which can be used to simulate flows with density stratification in a natural water‐body with complicated topography. In the model the turbulent exchange across the interface is treated empirically and a time‐splitting finite difference method with two fractional steps is employed to solve the governing equations. The model is calibrated and verified by comparing the computational results with data measured in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. The simulation results mimie the field measurements very closely. The computation shows that the model reproduces the two‐layer, two‐dimensional tidal flow with density stratification in Tolo Harbour very well. The computed velocity hodographs show that the tidal circulations at various positions in each layer have different patterns and that the features of the patterns are independent of the tidal type except for their scales. The computed Lagrangian pathlines show that the tidal excursion is dependent on the tidal type, especially in the inner harbour and side‐coves.
Blood and lymph vessels in embryonic tumors
Authors: Rössler Jochen , Lagodny Jeanette 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFormation of embryonic blood and lymph vessels is mediated by different steps of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. The vascular endothelial growth factor family (VEGF) as well as the VEGF‐receptors on the surface of blood endothelial cells and lymph endothelial cells are responsible for both processes. In addition to the embryonic development of the vessel systems, the interactions of angiogenesis factors and receptors are also present in solid tumors.Embryonic tumors in children offer an interesting target for new substances developed for anti‐angiogenesis. Some data on the role of blood vessels and anti‐blood‐angiogenesis are available on embryonic tumors. However, studies of lymph‐angiogenesis are not found and anti‐lymph‐angiogenesis is not at all examined in embryonic tumors.This review gives an overview of the challenging field of angiogenesis and anti‐angiogenesis of both blood and lymph vessels with a focus on embryonic tumors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An osteoclastic protein‐tyrosine phosphatase is a potential positive regulator of the c‐Src protein‐tyrosine kinase activity: A mediator of osteoclast activity
Authors: Lau K.‐H. William , Wu Li‐Wha , Sheng Matilda H.‐C. , Amoui Mehran , Suhr Sung Min , Baylink David J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that an osteoclastic protein‐tyrosine phosphatase, PTP‐oc, enhances osteoclast activity through c‐Src activation. The effects of several resorption activators and inhibitors on PTP‐oc expression, resorption activity, and c‐Src activation were determined in rabbit osteoclasts. PTP‐oc expression was assayed with immunoblots and semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR. Osteoclastic activity was determined by the resorption pit assay; and c‐Src activation was monitored by P‐tyr527 (PY527) dephosphorylation, and in vitro kinase assay. Treatment of osteoclasts with PTH, PGE2, 1,25(OH)2D3, IL‐1, but not RANKL or IL‐6, significantly stimulated resorption activity, increased PTP‐oc mRNA and protein levels, and reduced c‐Src PY527 level with corresponding activation of c‐Src protein‐tyrosine kinase activity. The PTP‐oc antisense phosphorothioated oligo treatment blocked the basal and IL‐1α‐mediated, but not RANKL‐mediated, resorption activity of isolated osteoclasts. The antisense oligo treatment also significantly reduced the average depth of resorption pits created by rabbit osteoclasts under basal conditions. Calcitonin and alendondrate, significantly reduced resorption activity and PTP‐oc expression, and increased c‐Src PY527 with corresponding reduction in its PTK activity. The cellular PTP‐oc protein level correlated with the resorption activity. Among the various signaling proteins co‐immunoprecipitated with PTP‐oc, the resorption effectors caused corresponding changes in the tyrosyl phosphorylation level of only c‐Src. The GST–PTP‐oc fusion protein dephosphorylated PY‐527‐containing c‐Src peptide in time‐ and dose‐dependent manner in vitro. In summary, (1) PTP‐oc is regulated in part at transcriptional level, (2) upregulation of PTP‐oc in osteoclasts led to c‐Src activation, and (3) PY527 of c‐Src may be a cellular substrate of PTP‐oc. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that PTP‐oc is a positive regulator of c‐Src in osteoclasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 940–955, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell cycle control in breast cancer cells
Authors: Caldon C. Elizabeth , Daly Roger J. , Sutherland Robert L. , Musgrove Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn breast cancer, cyclins D1 and E and the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p21 (Waf1/Cip1)and p27 (Kip1) are important in cell‐cycle control and as potential oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. They are regulated in breast cancer cells following mitogenic stimuli including activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and steroid hormone receptors, and their deregulation frequently impacts on breast cancer outcome, including response to therapy. The cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p16 (INK4A) also has a critical role in transformation of mammary epithelial cells. In addition to their roles in cell cycle control, some of these molecules, particularly cyclin D1, have actions that are not mediated through regulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase activity but may be important for loss of proliferative control during mammary oncogenesis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The fiscal effects of aid in Ghana
Authors: Osei Robert , Morrissey Oliver , Lloyd Tim 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAn important feature of aid to developing countries is that it is given to the government. As a result, aid should be expected to affect fiscal behaviour, although theory and existing evidence is ambiguous regarding the nature of these effects. This paper applies techniques developed in the ‘macroeconometrics’ literature to estimate the dynamic linkages between aid and fiscal aggregates. Vector autoregressive methods are applied to 34 years of annual data in Ghana to model the effect of aid on fiscal behaviour. Results suggest that aid to Ghana has been associated with reduced domestic borrowing and increased tax effort, combining to increase public spending. This constructive use of aid to maintain fiscal balance is evident since the mid‐1980s, following Ghana's structural adjustment programme. The paper provides evidence that aid has been associated with improved fiscal performance in Ghana, implying that the aid has been used sensibly (at least in fiscal terms). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycosylation site analysis of human alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) by capillary liquid chromatography—electrospray mass spectrometry
Authors: Imre Tímea , Schlosser Gitta , Pocsfalvi Gabriella , Siciliano Rosa , Molnár‐Szöllősi Éva , Kremmer Tibor , Malorni Antonio , Vékey Károly 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA new anionic surfactant (RapiGest SF) was successfully used for site‐specific analysis of glycosylation in human alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP). By means of this analytical approach combined with capillary HPLC‐mass spectrometry (and tandem mass spectrometry), the N‐linked glycosylation pattern of AGP was explored. On the basis of mass matching and MS/MS experiments ca 80 different AGP‐derived glycopeptides were identified. Glycosylation shows a markedly different pattern for the various glycosylation sites. At sites I and II, triantennary complex‐type oligosaccharides predominate and at sites III, IV and V, tetra‐antennary complex‐type oligosaccharides predominate. Sites IV and V show the presence of additional N‐acetyl lactosamine (Gal‐GlcNAc) units (even higher degree of branching and/or longer antennae are also present). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroprotective effects of GluR6 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on transient brain ischemia/reperfusion‐induced neuronal death in rat hippocampal CA1 region
Authors: Pei Dong‐Sheng , Guan Qiu‐Hua , Sun Ya‐Feng , Zhang Qing‐Xiu , Xu Tian‐Le , Zhang Guang‐Yi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTo investigate whether the kainate (KA) receptors subunit GluR6 is involved in the neuronal cell death induced by cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion, the antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) of GluR6 were used to suppress the expression of GluR6 by intracerebroventricular infusion once per day for 3 days before ischemia. Transient brain ischemia was induced by four‐vessel occlusion in Sprague‐Dawley rats. The effects of GluR6 antisense ODNs on the phosphorylation of MLK3 and JNK and the interactions of MLK3 and PSD‐95 with GluR6 were examined by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Our results show that GluR6 antisense ODNs can knock down the expression of GluR6 and suppress the assembly of the GluR6·PSD‐95·MLK3 signaling module and, therefore, inhibit JNK activation and phosphoralation of c‐jun. On the other hand, the GluR6 antisense ODNs also show a protective role against neuronal cell death induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Administration of GluR6 antisense ODNs once per day for 3 days before cerebral ischemia significantly decreased neuronal degeneration. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that kainate receptor subunit GluR6 plays an important role in neuronal death induced by cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential role of tumor necrosis factor receptors in mouse brain inflammatory responses in cryolesion brain injury
Authors: Quintana Albert , Giralt Mercedes , Rojas Santiago , Penkowa Milena , Campbell Iain L. , Hidalgo Juan , Molinero Amalia 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is one of the mediators dramatically increased after traumatic brain injury that leads to the activation, proliferation, and hypertrophy of mononuclear, phagocytic cells and gliosis. Eventually, TNF‐α can induce both apoptosis and necrosis via intracellular signaling. This cytokine exerts its functions via interaction with two receptors: type‐1 receptor (TNFR1) and type‐2 receptor (TNFR2). In this work, the inflammatory response after a freeze injury (cryolesion) in the cortex was studied in wild‐type (WT) animals and in mice lacking TNFR1 (TNFR1 KO) or TNFR2 (TNFR2 KO). Lack of TNFR1, but not of TNFR2, significantly decreased the inflammatory response and tissue damage elicited by the cryolesion at both 3 and 7 days postlesion, with decreased gliosis, lower IL‐1β immunostaining, and a reduction of apoptosis markers. Cryolesion produced a clear induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α; this induction was significantly lower in the TNFR1 KO mice. Host response genes (ICAM‐1, A20, EB22/5, and GFAP) were also induced by the cryolesion, but to a lesser extent in TNFR1 KO mice. Lack of TNFR1 signaling also affected the expression of apoptosis/cell death‐related genes (Fas, Rip, p53), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP3, MMP9, MMP12), and their inhibitors (TIMP1), suggesting a role of TNFR1 in extracellular matrix remodeling after injury. However, GDNF, NGF, and BDNF expression were not affected by TNFR1 deficiency. Overall, these results suggest that TNFR1 is involved in the early establishment of the inflammatory response and that its deficiency causes a decreased inflammatory response and tissue damage following brain injury. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The cytoplasmic tail of the α3integrin subunit promotes neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells
Authors: Mechai Nadja , Wenzel Markus , Koch Manuel , Lucka Lothar , Horstkorte Rüdiger , Reutter Werner , Danker Kerstin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBinding of integrins to proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and signaling information for biological processes such as cell proliferation, migration, neurite outgrowth, and differentiation. Integrins represent a family of heterodimeric transmembrane cell surface receptors. Besides connecting the ECM with the cytoskeleton, integrins also induce various signaling pathways in response to ligand binding. Integrin ligation leads to cytoplasmic protein–protein interactions requiring both integrin cytoplasmic tails. These sequences are initiation points for focal adhesion formation and subsequent signal transduction cascades. In this study, we addressed the question of whether the short cytoplasmic tail of the α3integrin subunit of α3β1integrin is required for α3β1integrin‐dependent processes. For this purpose, cDNA representing the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R) α subunit and the cytoplasmic sequence of the α3integrin subunit was transfected into PC12 cells. Autonomous expression of the cytoplasmic α3tail does not affect attachment but leads to inhibition of neuronal differentiation on laminin 5. This indicates that the cytoplasmic α3sequence is not required for cell attachment but is necessary for long‐term adhesion and for the reorganization of the cytoskeleton that precedes neuronal differentiation. Inhibition of neurite outgrowth by chimeric IL2R‐α3can be rescued by treatment of transfected cells with the pharmacological inhibitor Y27632, which inhibits the RhoA downstream effector Rho kinase α. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete suppression of paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia by globus pallidus internus pallidal stimulation
Authors: Yamada Kazumichi , Goto Satoshi , Soyama Naohiro , Shimoda Osamu , Kudo Mareina , Kuratsu Jun‐Ichi , Murase Nagako , Kaji Ryuji 
Published: November 2005

AbstractStereotactic functional surgery is being explored as potential therapies for medically intractable paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxD). We report on a 59‐year‐old man in whom stimulation of globus pallidus internus produced immediate and sustained relief of paroxysmal non‐kinesigenic dyskinesia secondary to a rotator cuff tears on the left shoulder. Our finding strongly suggests that altered function of neuronal circuits of the basal ganglia underlies the manifestation of PxD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Zero resonances in local perturbations of parallel‐plane waveguides
Authors: Werner P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn a joint paper with K. Morgenröther [9] we have studied the propagation of scalar waves in domains of the type Ω = Ωo−B̄ with Ωo:=ℝ2 × (0, 1), where B is a smooth bounded domain with B̄ ⊏ Ωo. In particular, we have shown that the solution of Neumann's initial and boundary value problem for the wave equation with time‐independent right‐hand side ƒ increases with a logarithmic rate as t → ∞ if the integral over ƒ does not vanish. The main purpose of the present paper is to extend this result to arbitrary smooth local perturbations of Ωo.
On a contact problem for a system of parabolic equations in the thermal conductivity of electric machines: I
Authors: Małecki Romuald , Olszewski Paweł , Urbanowicz Jacek , Urbańki Wojciech 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThermal phenomena arising in some electric motors are described (physical model) and an adequate mathematical model is constructed. The model, in the form of a contact problem, is then approximated in a numerical way. The stability of the difference scheme obtained is investigated.
Long‐time behaviours of the spatially uniform discrete nagumo model
Authors: Zhi‐xiong Chen , (Kuo Pen‐yu) Guo‐Ben‐Yu 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this paper a spatially uniform discrete Nagumo model is considered. The relation between the number and positions of period‐2 solutions, and the parameter and initial values are discovered. The long‐time behaviours of the solutions are discussed for different parameters and initial values.
A mathematical model for diffusion and exchange phenomena in ultra napkins
Authors: Weickert Joachim 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe performance of napkins is nowadays improved substantially by embedding granules of a superabsorbent into the cellulose matrix. In this paper a continuous model for the liquid transport in such an “ultra napkin” is proposed. Its mean feature is a non‐linear diffusion equation strongly coupled with an ODE describing a reversible absorption process. An efficient numerical method based on a symmetrical time splitting and a finite difference scheme of ADI‐predictor‐corrector type has been developed to solve these equations in a three‐dimensional setting. Numerical results are presented that can be used to optimize the granule distribution.
Stabilization estimates for penetrative motions in porous media
Authors: Franchi Franca 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe physical model for penetrative convection in porous media is here considered to study the effects of variation of the source parameters on the flow. In this note we study the continuous dependence upon the heat supply and the body force of the classical solutions to the initial‐boundary value problem of a heat conducting fluid through a porous solid, both for the (well‐posed) forward problem and for the (improperly posed) backward in time one. For the former problem we obtain a result of continuous dependence with respect to the L2 norm; while for the latter we prove a result of Hölder continuity in a suitably constrained class of solutions.
Polygonal interface problems for the biharmonic operator
Authors: Nicaise Serge 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe study some boundary value problems on two‐dimensional polygonal topological networks, where on each face, the considered operator is the biharmonic operator. The transmission conditions we impose along the edges are inspired by the models introduced by H. Le Dret [13] and Destuynder and Nevers [9]. The boundary conditions on the external edges are the classical ones. This class of problem contains the boundary value problems for the biharmonic equation in a plane polygon (see [3, 11, 12, 18]). Conforming to the classical results cited above, we prove that the weak solution of our problem admits a decomposition into a regular part and a singular part, the latter being a linear combination of singular functions depending on the domain and the considered boundary value problem. Finally, we give the exact formula for the coefficients of these singularities.
General interface problems—I
Authors: Nicaise Serge , Sändig Anna‐Margarete 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe study transmission problems for elliptic operators of order 2m with general boundary and interface conditions, introducing new covering conditions. This allows to prove solvability, regularity and asymptotics of solutions in weighted Sobolev spaces. We give some numerical examples for the location of the singular exponents.
A tracking method for gas flow into vacuum based on the vacuum Riemann problem
Authors: Munz C.‐D. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this paper, a tracking method is proposed for the expansion of gas flow into vacuum which may be combined with numerical methods for the equations of gas dynamics, the Euler equations. This tracking prevents the difficulties of the numerical approximation introduced by the vacuum as a region where the Euler equations are not valid due to the failure of the continuum assumption. The tracking algorithm is based on the exact or an approximate solution of the vacuum Riemann problem. This is the initial value problem with two constant states, one being the gas and the other the vacuum state, and a limit case of the usual Riemann problem. In this approach, the gas–vacuum boundary is sharply resolved within one mesh interval. For a test problem, the numerical results of gas flow into vacuum are presented which indicate that the gas vacuum boundary is captured very well.
Dynamical stability of an elastic column and the phenomenon of bifurcation
Authors: Furta Stanislav D. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe article studies the stability of rectilinear equilibrium shapes of a non‐linear elastic thin rod (column or Timoshenko's beam), the ends of which are pressed. Stability is studied by means of the Lyapunov direct method with respect to certain integral characteristics of the type of norms in Sobolev spaces. To obtain equations of motion, a model suggested in [16] is used. Furta [6] solved the problem of stability for all values of the parameter except bifurcational ones. When values of the system's parameter become bifurcational, the study of stability is more complicated already in a finite‐dimensional case. To solve a problem like that, one often has to use a procedure of solving the singularities described in [1], for example. In this paper a change of variables is made which, in fact, is the first step of the procedure mentioned. To prove instability, we use a Chetaev function which can be considered as an infinite‐dimensional analogue of functions suggested in [14, 9]. The article also investigates a linear problem on the stability of adjacent shapes of equilibrium when the parameter has supercritical values (post‐buckling).
Asymptotic behaviour of solutions to semilinear wave equations with initial data of slow decay
Authors: Kubo Hideo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSome useful and remarkable property are derived from a representation formula of a radially symmetric solution to the Cauchy problem for a homogeneous wave equation in odd space dimensions. These properties provide us with enough information to consider the semilinear case, namely, the associated integral equation with the problem will be considered on a weighted L∞‐space. This formulation enables us to deal with the problem for slowly decaying initial data.