bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A generalization of the three-stage model for advice using the precautionary approach in fisheries, to apply broadly to ecosystem properties and pressures
Authors: Rice Jake C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRice, J. C. 2009. A generalization of the three-stage model for advice using the precautionary approach in fisheries, to apply broadly to ecosystem properties and pressures. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 433–444. The six assumptions of the three-stage model for fisheries advice using a precautionary approach are itemized. The general applicability of each is considered for use with any indicator of ecosystem status, or human pressure on the ecosystem indicator, rather than just spawning-stock biomass (SSB) and fishing mortality. The framework is fully generalizable, at least conceptually, without requiring additional assumptions or extensions that are less plausible than the assumptions already made in fisheries applications. However, application of the three-stage framework in fisheries hinges on the existence of some relationship between stock productivity and SSB as the basis for selecting a limit reference point and positioning a precautionary reference point. Three types of relationship can exist in fisheries data, and the framework has strategies for dealing with each. In an ecosystem application, the notion of a relationship between productivity and the amount of an ecosystem feature is sometimes appropriate, but sometimes the response variable may be resilience of the feature to perturbation or its ability to serve some ecosystem function as a function of the extent of the feature. The generalized framework accommodates all three types of response in five functional relationships, each of which can allow locating a candidate limit reference point.
Using the EM algorithm to age fish eggs
Authors: Murta Alberto G. , Vendrell Catarina 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMurta, A. G., and Vendrell, C. 2009. Using the EM algorithm to age fish eggs. -- ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 607–616. We describe an application of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the distribution of ages in fish egg samples. To compare this method with another one based on a non-linear regression of age as a function of development stage and water temperature, which is also suitable for asynchronous spawners, we applied both to simulated and real datasets. The estimates of egg abundance-at-age obtained with the traditional method were biased upwards, compared with estimates obtained with the proposed EM algorithm. The EM method also provided the most accurate and precise estimates, in terms of fitting an exponential-decay, egg-mortality model and the back-calculation of the time of spawning for two datasets used as examples. Besides the ageing of fish eggs, the method described here can be used for any analysis involving the fitting of multinomial models to age and stage classified data, such as the ageing of post-ovulatory follicles.
Rubisco Oligomers Composed of Linked Small and Large Subunits Assemble in Tobacco Plastids and Have Higher Affinities for CO2 and O2
Authors: Whitney Spencer Michael , Kane Heather Jean , Houtz Robert L. , Sharwood Robert Edward 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Manipulation of Rubisco within higher plants is complicated by the different genomic locations of the large (L; rbcL) and small (S; RbcS) subunit genes. Although rbcL can be accurately modified by plastome transformation, directed genetic manipulation of the multiple nuclear-encoded RbcS genes is more challenging. Here we demonstrate the viability of linking the S and L subunits of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Rubisco using a flexible 40-amino acid tether. By replacing the rbcL in tobacco plastids with an artificial gene coding for a S40L fusion peptide, we found that the fusions readily assemble into catalytic (S40L)8 and (S40L)16 oligomers that are devoid of unlinked S subunits. While there was little or no change in CO2/O2 specificity or carboxylation rate of the Rubisco oligomers, their K ms for CO2 and O2 were reduced 10% to 20% and 45%, respectively. In young maturing leaves of the plastome transformants (called ANtS40L), the S40L-Rubisco levels were approximately 20% that of wild-type controls despite turnover of the S40L-Rubisco oligomers being only slightly enhanced relative to wild type. The reduced Rubisco content in ANtS40L leaves is partly attributed to problems with folding and assembly of the S40L peptides in tobacco plastids that relegate approximately 30% to 50% of the S40L pool to the insoluble protein fraction. Leaf CO2-assimilation rates in ANtS40L at varying pCO2 corresponded with the kinetics and reduced content of the Rubisco oligomers. This fusion strategy provides a novel platform to begin simultaneously engineering Rubisco L and S subunits in tobacco plastids.
Zea mays Annexins Modulate Cytosolic Free Ca2+ and Generate a Ca2+-Permeable Conductance
Authors: Laohavisit Anuphon , Mortimer Jennifer C. , Demidchik Vadim , Coxon Katy M. , Stancombe Matthew A. , Macpherson Neil , Brownlee Colin , Hofmann Andreas , Webb Alex A.R. , Miedema Henk , Battey Nicholas H. , Davies Julia M. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Regulation of reactive oxygen species and cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) is central to plant function. Annexins are small proteins capable of Ca2+-dependent membrane binding or membrane insertion. They possess structural motifs that could support both peroxidase activity and calcium transport. Here, a Zea mays annexin preparation caused increases in [Ca2+]cyt when added to protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana roots expressing aequorin. The pharmacological profile was consistent with annexin activation (at the extracellular plasma membrane face) of Arabidopsis Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channels. Secreted annexins could therefore modulate Ca2+ influx. As maize annexins occur in the cytosol and plasma membrane, they were incorporated at the intracellular face of lipid bilayers designed to mimic the plasma membrane. Here, they generated an instantaneously activating Ca2+-permeable conductance at mildly acidic pH that was sensitive to verapamil and Gd3+ and had a Ca2+-to-K+ permeability ratio of 0.36. These results suggest that cytosolic annexins create a Ca2+ influx pathway directly, particularly during stress responses involving acidosis. A maize annexin preparation also demonstrated in vitro peroxidase activity that appeared independent of heme association. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that plant annexins create Ca2+-permeable transport pathways, regulate [Ca2+]cyt, and may function as peroxidases in vitro.
Realising benefits in primary healthcare infrastructures
Authors: Sapountzis Stelios , Yates Kathryn , Kagioglou Mike , Aouad Ghassan 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThis paper seeks to focus on the requirements to manage change, tangible and intangible benefits in a joint approach to deliver outputs on time, to quality and cost without failing to realise the benefits of the change. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the need for benefits‐driven programme/project management as well as the importance of identifying the stakeholders' level of involvement and contribution throughout the process, and manage their expectations.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used is based on an action research approach, combining findings from a literature review and case studies within UK's primary healthcare sector.FindingsFindings demonstrate development of a Benefits Realisation (BeReal) approach in healthcare through looking at case studies taking place within UK's primary and acute healthcare sector.Research limitations/implicationsThe framework development is based on theoretical evidence and further research is needed to test and validate its robustness.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the application of benefits realisation and management in developing and delivering primary healthcare facilities.
On locational preferences for privacy in hospital wards
Authors: Alalouch Chaham , Aspinall Peter , Smith Harry 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore preference for privacy among people with different demographic and cultural backgrounds. In particular the study aims to investigate the effect of age, gender, previous experience of space and cultural background on people's chosen spatial location for privacy in multi‐bed wards.Design/methodology/approachA group of 79 subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire on privacy and to select preferred and disliked locations on plans of hospital wards. Spatial data were provided by space syntax analysis (VGA). Possible subgroups in the data were investigated by tests of difference and latent class analysis applied to those spatial attributes which appeared to be relevant to people's preferences on locations for privacy.FindingsThe results show that privacy regulation encompasses universal and specific aspects across cultures, age, gender and previous experience of space. Specifically, the results suggest a universal preference for spatial location of privacy across culture, age and gender and a specific significant difference for spatial location of privacy as a result of previous spatial experience. In addition, the VGA integration measure was found to be a highly significant discriminator between preferred and disliked locations for privacy.Research limitations/implicationsThere are two particular limitations requiring further study. First, the study investigated only one facet of privacy, i.e. spatial location. More investigation is required to explore the inter‐relationships between spatial location and other facets of privacy, primarily that of intervisibility. Second, only two broader cultures (European and Arabic) were considered.Practical limitationsIdeally it would have been of benefit if a greater number of the people sampled had had direct experience of hospital wards.Originality/valueAt a general level the study supports the notion that there are universal and specific aspects to privacy. At a specific level the research links physical aspects of spatial location (i.e. visibility graph analysis measures) into this discussion.
Integrated healthcare facilities maintenance management model: case studies
Authors: Lavy Sarel , Shohet Igal M. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeIncreasing demand for healthcare services world‐wide creates continuous requirements to reduce expenditures on “non‐core” activities, such as maintenance and operations. At the same time, owners, users, and clients of healthcare expect a high level of built‐facilities performance and minimized risks. The objective of this research is to develop an integrated facilities management (FM) model for healthcare facilities.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a case study analysis of an Israeli acute care hospital, in which the integrated healthcare facilities management model (IHFMM) was implemented, and the findings were examined and evaluated three years later. The case studies investigated the effectiveness of the developed model in terms of maintenance and performance management. The robustness of the model was also examined by applying sensitivity analyses to its parameters.FindingsBoth of the case studies show significant results in predicting FM‐related aspects, such as the level of performance and the required maintenance budgets. The findings reveal a high correlation between the two phases of the case studies in terms of financial outcomes and performance predictions.Originality/valueThe core of the model is based on the strength of identified effects of certain parameters, such as maintenance expenditure and actual service life, on the performance and maintenance of healthcare facilities. The proposed IHFMM addresses two core topics of FM: maintenance and performance, for strategic FM decision making.
Re‐engineering of the meal logistics in a sheltered house for elderly people
Authors: Aalto Leena , Saari Arto 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe goal of this study is to perform an economic comparison of alternative service concepts designed to improve the productivity of nursing care in a refurbishment project of selected sheltered housing facility.Design/methodology/approachFour different service development options were identified for the dining and kitchen facilities: the dining facilities were either decentralised or centralised, and the meals were prepared on site or brought in from outside.FindingsThe form of dining model chosen affected the operating costs more than the spatial costs. The biggest differences in operating costs were attributable to the meal price and to the costs of transferring disabled residents to the dining area. The study showed that the option which had the lowest spatial costs surprisingly had the highest total costs. This was the option in which the meals were conveyed to the decentralised dining rooms located on the different floors by the food supplier. The total costs of this option were 50 per cent higher than the total costs of the decentralised option with on‐site cooking facilities. The centralised dining option with externalised food service had considerably lower renovation costs but 15 per cent higher total costs than the lowest cost option (decentralised dining option with own kitchen).Originality/valueThe paper provides a practical model for taking into account not only remodelling costs but also operating costs in total cost calculations of the remodelling process.
The impacts of the built environment on health outcomes
Authors: Codinhoto Ricardo , Tzortzopoulos Patricia , Kagioglou Mike , Aouad Ghassan , Cooper Rachel 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual framework that categorises the features and characteristics of the built environment that impact on health outcomes.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive literature review was carried out. A total of 1,163 abstracts were assessed, leading to 92 papers being reviewed.FindingsThere is a considerable amount of evidence linking healthcare environments to patients' health outcomes, despite the lack of clarity in relation to cause‐effect relationships.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a theoretical framework linking different built environment characteristics to health outcomes. This framework provides a structure to group causal effects according to their relation with design features, materials and ambient properties, art and aesthetic aspects and use of the built environment.
The meaning of working among professional employees in Germany, Poland and Russia
Authors: Kuchinke K. Peter , Ardichvili Alexandre , Borchert Margret , Rozanski Andrzej 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the results of an empirical study of the meaning of working, individual level work outcomes, and job and career satisfaction, among professional level employees in business organizations in Russia, Poland, and Germany.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical framework for the study was based on the work by England and colleagues. The sample (n=638) included professional level employees in the medium and large manufacturing and service organizations in the three countries. Correlations, discriminant function analysis, and multiple regressions were used to answer research questions regarding the relationship between the study variables and to determine country differences.FindingsResults indicate different patterns and levels of work centrality, desired work outcomes, work role identification, and job and career satisfaction among the three countries. A significant difference was found between work values in Russia, on the one hand, and Germany and Poland, on the other. Gender differences in meaning of work patterns were found among Russian respondents. Job and career satisfaction was related to different combinations of demographic and work meaning variables.Practical implicationsFor human resource development (HRD) and training and development (T&D) professionals working in multinational companies and/or with customers/suppliers in these three countries, the findings imply the need to take into account the similarities and differences in individual meaning of working variables when designing and implementing organization development and training interventions.Originality/valueDespite the central role of working for individuals and the central role of the work values construct for the professional fields of training and HRD, research on meaning of working has been sparse in the academic literature. Thus, the study can contribute to a fuller understanding of experience of work and its implications for the theory and practice of training and human resource development.
Successful IT start‐ups' HRD practices: four cases in South Korea
Authors: Cho Yonjoo , McLean Gary N. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify South Korea's successful IT start‐ups' HRD practices to determine whether there are steps that must be taken to maintain their HRD expertise for continued growth.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach employing four fast‐growing IT start‐up cases was undertaken based on semi‐structured interviews with HR managers and CEOs, supported by site visit observations and archival sources.FindingsThe emergent themes resulting from an analysis of the four cases are adjusting to changing markets (globalization), the founder effect, workforce development, organizational culture, and challenges. These case studies show the importance of organizational culture for IT start‐ups' continued growth.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the paper employed multiple cases for comparison, through focusing on only four cases, the results are contextualized and, thus, are limited in generalization.Practical implicationsThe fast‐growing IT firms should carefully choose HRD practices to manage and develop their talent because these practices may shape the firms' innovative organizational culture, which, in turn, affects the firm's continued growth.Originality/valueThese case studies contribute to research on South Korea's IT start‐ups by detailing how HRD practices have supported the success of the four IT start‐ups over the past ten years. The paper adds qualitative details to previous studies' quantitative analysis of start‐ups.
Reminiscences and reflections
Authors: Andrew Alex M. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a personal view of Professor John Rose. The organisational skill of the late Professor John Rose is illustrated by reminiscences, and his choice of Thales Press as the name of his publishing house is shown to be apposite. An aspect of his “statement of mission” for World Organisation of Systems and Cybernetics and Kybernetes is considered in detail.Design/methodology/approachThe presentation is partly anecdotal but also serious concerns are expressed about current developments in cybernetics.FindingsThe drive and organisational skill of John Rose will be sadly missed.Practical implicationsRose's insistence on soundness of approach is important though arguably slightly misdirected. Attention is drawn to an important development in psychophysics of vision.Originality/valueThe reminiscences and views are the author's own.
Fuzzy systems and cybernetics
Authors: Virgil Negoita Constantin 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to stimulate thought and discourse toward postmodernism and its less known roots.Design/methodology/approachThe paper addresses the relationship between postmodernism and the development of the fuzzy sets theory, in the 1970s.FindingsThe paper points out how Kybernetes, under the leadership of Dr J Rose, was the first international journal to accept papers in this new field.Originality/valueAn interesting personal recollection and summary of 30 years of the topic of fuzzy systems.
Performance management, the nature of regulation and the CyberSyn project
Authors: Espejo R. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to clarify both regulatory processes in enterprises and the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in their improvement.Design/methodology/approachThe approach of the paper is conceptual development and case study.FindingsIt appears that ICTs will permit increasingly to measure the complexity of organisational processes.Practical implicationsThe paper illustrates the nature of complexity based accounting systems for enterprises.Originality/valueThis paper offers an original approach to relate organisational processes, ICTs and performance.
Business cybernetics – provocation number two
Authors: Potocan Vojko , Mulej Matjaz 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to suggest a more holistic definition and basic guidelines for implementation of specific cybernetics dealing with business systems (BSs) from the viewpoint of managing them. The paper aims to consider three problems: how to develop a general methodology of requisitely holistic thinking for business cybernetics (BC) and its application; how to consider the attributes of BC (e.g. all attributes of BC and their generalization in BSs); and how to recognize and define relations between attributes of BC and their synergies.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, qualitative analysis on the basis of the cybernetics (e.g. especially general cybernetics), BC (different) systems theories, and dialectical systems theory is applied.FindingsBC is shown to be a specific cybernetic dealing with BSs from viewpoint of managing/impacting on them. Thus, BC is trying to complete previous cognitions about possible approaches for managing/impacting on BSs. It covers the basic, information, and managerial processes, their interdependences, the resulting interaction and synergies. In addition, BC is also trying to make room for consideration of the general, group‐specific, and individual parts of attributes of BSs. BC itself is based on the concept of the Dialectical Systems Theory that the law of requisite holism is met by dialectical system which creates synergetic networks of all essential kinds of cybernetics.Research limitations/implicationsResearch is limited to three hypotheses and qualitative analysis in desk research. Practical experience is considered implicitly.Practical implicationsAuthors falsifying the practice of prevailing general approach to researching and understanding of management in BSs (as an area of human activity with specific characteristics) from cybernetics viewpoint. This paper suggests a more specifically created and target‐oriented approach for cybernetic understanding and researching of BSs.Originality/valueThe available literature does not provide for a similar concept and/or model of specific cybernetics dealing with BSs from the viewpoint of managing BSs or their impact.
A systemic approach to innovation: the interactive innovation model
Authors: Johannessen Jon‐Arild 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the role of innovation for firm competitiveness from a systemic point of view, and to review recent literature about the interactive innovation model.Design/methodology/approachThe research question posed in this paper is: what critical innovation factors hinder/promote innovation activity in the individual company? The paper is intentionally closed into a particular field of literature, i.e. the interactive innovation model.FindingsIt was found that the research policy implications of the interactive model will be that the emphasis on research must turn more towards relations between elements generating innovation systems at various system levels. Many methods must be applied in the same research project or research model.Originality/valueThe paper illustrates what critical innovation factors hinder/promote innovation activity in the individual company.