bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of Scandium in Various Solutions. II. The Extraction of Scandium(III) with Tributyl Phosphate from Perchlorate-Chloride and Perchlorate-Nitrate Media
Authors: Sekine Tatsuya , Hamada Takeshi , Sakairi Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The distribution of scandium(III) between organic tributyl phosphate solutions and aqueous perchlorate, nitrate, chloride solutions or mixed solutions of perchlorate-nitrate, perchlorate-chloride has been determined.
The distribution of scandium between 50% tributyl phosphate - chloroform and 4 m H(Cl, ClO4) or 4 m H(NO3, ClO4) in some chloride or nitrate concentration region was higher than any of that distribution between the organic phase and 4 m perchloric acid, 4 m hydrochloric acid or 4 m nitric acid. It seems that the enhancement of the distribution ratios can be attributed to the extraction of mixed ligand complexes, but no simple relationship has been established between the distribution ratios and the proportion of the complex species in the aqueous phase as calculated from the previous data.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds. VIII. Isomeric Hydroxycyclohexylcarbinols and Bis-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexanes
Authors: Mori Nobuo , Tsuzuki Yojiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The preferential direction of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in isomeric hydroxycyclohexyl-carbinols in dilute carbon tetrachloride solutions has been investigated by infrared spectroscopy. The 1-hydroxy isomer contains a tertiary hydroxyl group predominantly bonded to the oxygen atom of a primary hydroxyl, while the cis- and trans-2-hydroxy isomers contain a primary hydroxyl group mainly bonded to the oxygen atom of a secondary hydroxyl; the other isomers are internally unbonded. On the other hand, bis-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexanes other than the 1,1- and 1,2-isomers are unbonded. These findings can be explained in terms of the acidity of the hydroxyl groups and the steric effect on the orientation of the groups.
The Spectra and the Conductances of Alizarine Saphirol SE in Water-Ethanol Mixtures
Authors: Mitsuishi Masaru , Aida Gensaku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to explore the behavior of Alizarine Saphirol SE in water-ethanol mixtures, the absorption spectrum and the conductance of the dye solution were obtained. A characteristic spectrum of the dye aggregate in water is found to change gradually into a monomer spectrum with an increase in the proportion of an added ethanol. Moreover, the dye is found to show marked McBain effect in water, while showing a conductance curve typical of a weak electrolyte in 58.7% (v/v) ethanol.
Altenin. II. The Structure of Altenin
Authors: Sugiyama Noboru , Kashima Choji , Hosoi Yoshitaka , Ikeda Tsuneo , Mohri Ryotaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Altenin, a metabolite of Alternaria Kikuchiana Tanaka, produces the black spot disease on the leaves and fruits of the pear. The optimum conditions for a 200-1. tank culture of this fungus will be described. Altenin has been tentatively deduced as being an ethyl ester of a C7-carboxylic acid. Of the four expected tautomeric structures, the probability of a furanose ring structure will be demonstrated. There is only one asymmetric center in altenin, at the position α to the ethoxycarbonyl group; this belongs to the l-lactic acid configuration.
Kinetic Studies of the Solution Polymerization of Trioxane Catalyzed by BF3·O(C2H5)2. VI. The Catalytic Mechanism of Boron Trifluoride Coordination Complexes in Ethylene Dichloride
Authors: Miki Tetsuro , Higashimura Toshinobu , Okamura Seizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The initiation mechanism in the cationic polymerization of trioxane by the BF3 coordination complex catalyst was studied in ethylene dichloride at 30°C. The coordination complexes of BF3 with diethyl ether (Et2O), ethyl alcohol (EtOH) and acetic acid (AcOH) were used as catalysts. Under similar conditions, the rates of polymerization decreased in the order: BF3·EtOH&gt;BF3·AcOH&gt;BF3·Et2O, whereas the molecular weights of the polymers decreased in the order: BF3·Et2O&gt;BF3·EtOH\simeqBF3·AcOH. The molecular weight of the polymer formed was unaffected by the addition of the same compound as the donor molecule in the BF3 coordination complex. However, on the addition of EtOH to the polymerization system catalyzed by BF3·Et2O, the rate of polymerization increased and the molecular weight of the polymer decreased. On the other hand, the addition of Et2O to the system catalyzed by BF3·EtOH decreased the rate of polymerization and increased the molecular weight of the polymer formed. The order of catalytic reactivity and the effect of the additive support the idea that the initiation reaction, is not an interaction of the BF3 molecule with trioxane but an addition of the cation produced from the BF3 coordination complex to the trioxane molecule.
Styrene Derivatives. IX. 2-Benzyl-2-phenyl-3-aminomethyl-trimethylene Oxides and Related Compounds
Authors: Terada Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
3-Chloromethyl-4-chloro-1,2-diphenylbutan-2-ol was obtained by a Grignard reaction of 2-benzoyl-1,3-dichloropropane using benzyl chloride, which was turned into 2-benzyl-2-phenyl-3-chloromethyl-trimethylene oxide by the alkali dehydrochlorination. Heating this oxide with an excess of piperidine at 170°C for 22 hr. gave 2-benzyl-2-phenyl-3-piperidinomethyl-trimethylene oxide and a small amount of 1,2-diphenyl-3-piperidinomethyl-2,4-butanediol. The same procedures with morpholine gave 2-benzyl-2-phenyl-3-morpholinomethyl-trimethylene oxide; with ethanolic dimethyl amine, however,afforded only 1,2-diphenyl-3-dimethylamino-methyl-2,4-butanediol.
Pyrazolotropolones and Their Derivatives
Authors: Itô Shô , Takase Kahei , Kawabe Norio , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two new methods have been developed to synthesize pyrazolotropone derivatives. 2-Methoxy-3, 5, 7-tribromotropone reacts with diazomethane to yield 4, 6-dibromo-7-methoxy-1-methyl-8(1H)-cyclohepta[c]pyrazolone, whereas the alkaline treatment of 4-acetyltropolone tosylhydrazone provides 3′-methylpyrazolo[3, 4-c]tropolone and 3′-methylpyrazolo[4, 3-d]tropolone. The structure of these products has been elucidated.
Studies of the Chemiluminescence of Several Xanthene Dyes. I. Kinetic Studies of Uranine and Eosine Chemiluminescence
Authors: Kamiya Isao , Iwaki Ryojirô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A kinetic study of the chemiluminescence in alkaline solutions of several xanthene dyes with hydrogen peroxide was carried out in the hope of gaining some insight into the mechanism of the luminescent reaction. When the concentrations of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide were kept constant, the decay curve of the luminescence was represented by It=Aexp(−at), where It is the light intensity at time t ; a is equal to the rate constant of the decomposition of the dye (first order with respect to the dye concentration) and A is a parameter proportional to the initial dye concentration. The lifetime of the luminescent reaction was prolonged by the addition of such organic solvents as alcohol and dioxane; the a value decreased, while the A value remained unchanged. Both the a value and the A value increased with the elevation of the reaction temperature.
The Photo-ionization of Molecules in Solutions. III. Photo-ionization and Recombination Processes of N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine in Various Organic Solvent
Authors: Yamamoto Naoto , Nakato Yoshihiro , Tsubomura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Flash photolysis studies of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) were made in various solvents at room temperature. The transient absorption spectrum of the cation, TMPD+ , was observed in polar solvents. The transient was also observed in a viscous, non-polar solvent. It has a spectrum different from that of TMPD+ . Its absorbance is proportional to the flash-light intensity, and it decays exponentially, with τe=82 μ sec. This absorption is attributed to the triplet-triplet transition of TMPD. With aerated solutions, no transient spectrum was observed. The fluorescence and the phosphorescence of TMPD caused by direct excitation were investigated, together with those induced by the recombination of electrons and TMPD+ in non-polar matrices stimulated either thermally or by infrared light. The absorption spectra of TMPD in a non-polar matrix at a low temperature were investigated by means of the cross-illumination method, and the time dependence of the absorption was followed. The ionization and the recombination processes were then discussed by the use of these results.
A Comparison of the Radiation-Induced Reaction with Photochemical and Thermal Reactions. I. The Radiation-Induced Isomerization of o-Nitrobenzaldehyde in the Solid State
Authors: Sugimori Akira , Nakata K\={o}ichi , Hirai Hachiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The radiation-induced reaction of o-nitrobenzaldehyde in the solid state was investigated. Isomerization to o-nitrosobenzoic acid preferentially took place. This suggests that the γ-ray irradiation produces effectively the excited o-nitrobenzaldehyde which is identical with that produced by ultraviolet irradiation.
Unit Cell Metastable-form Constants of Various Phthalocyanines
Authors: Ashida Michio , Uyeda Natsu , Suito Eiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thin films of phthalocyanine compounds formed on cleaved surfaces of muscovite by the vacuum-condensation method showed well-defined single-directional orientation when their substrates were preheated at 300°C for one hour and then kept at 150°C. Their electron diffraction patterns were fiber diagrams, the fiber period of which coincided with the unit-cell length of the b-axis of the individual compounds. When the substrates were preheated at 400°C for one hour and then kept at 150°C, the films formed on the muscovite surface were composed of discrete crystals with a different orientation. Electron-diffraction patterns from the films revealed that the b-axis of the crystal was inclined to the substrate surface. The cross-grating patterns of the (h0l) plane were obtained when the inclination of the films was properly adjusted to the incident beam. The unit-cell constants of platinum-phthalocyanine vacuum-condensed on muscovite were revealed to be as follows with the monoclinic space group C2⁄c: a=23.18 Å, b=3.818 Å, c=23.84 Å, and β=91.9 °. Films of Cu-, Co-, Fe-, Ni- and metal-free phthalocyanines exhibited an orientation similar to that of the platinum derivative. High-resolution electron-diffraction patterns revealed that all the compounds assumed a conspicuous isomorphism with one another and occurred in the metastable forms of their dimorphs.
The Orientation Overgrowth of Metal-phthalocyanines on the Surface of Single Crystals. I. Vacuum-condensed Films on Muscovite
Authors: Ashida Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
When substrate muscovite is preliminarily heated at 300°C for one hour and then kept at 150°C to 200°C during deposition in vacuo, Cu-phthalocyanine films condensed on it show parallel b-axis orientations, including single- and triple-directional orientations. The b-axis of the crystal runs parallel to the substrate face. On the other hand, when the substrate is preliminarily heated at 400°C and then kept at 150°C, films vacuum-condensed on it occur in a standing b-axis orientation. The high-resolution electron-diffraction pattern of the film reveals that the a-, b- and c-axes of the crystal are inclined to the normal of the substrate face at angles of about 75°, 32° and 118° respectively. An electron micrograph of the film shows that as discrete crystals grow they orient themselves in either of two different directions. The crystal which assumes the standing b-axis orientation has its (31\bar3) plane almost parallel to the substrate face. Pt-phthalocyanine film also assumes the standing b-axis orientation, in which the a-, b- and c-axes of the crystal are inclined to the normal of the substrate face at angles of about 74°, 35° and 120° respectively. It turns out that the molecular plane comes in contact with the muscovite surface in the case of the standing b-axis orientation. A plausible explanation of the origin of these orientations is presented in terms of the dehyroxylation of the surface mica layer caused by the thermal treatment.
The Mechanism of the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Propene on Nickel, Palladium, and Platinum (The Application of Microwave Spectroscopy to Isotopic Analysis)
Authors: Hirota Kozo , Hironaka Yoshie 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The catalytic hydrogenation of propene with deuterium gas and its isotopic exchange reaction with deuterium oxide have been carried out at room temperature, and the remaining propene has been subjected to microwave spectroscopic analysis so as to determine the isotopic isomer-distribution of propene-d1 and -d2. From the results, the following conclusions have been drawn: (1) the rate-determining step in the hydrogenation on platinum as well as nickel and palladium catalysts is the addition of hydrogen to the half-hydrogenated species; (2) the kinds of chemisorbed species and their distribution prior to the rate-determining step are not always the same, but depend on the metals, and (3) the life-time of the chemisorbed propene is shorter than the successive time interval of its exchange process on nickel, but this is not the case on platinum nor, probably, on palladium.
Studies of the Chemiluminescence of Several Xanthene Dyes. II. The Chemiluminescence Emission Spectra of Uranine and Eosine
Authors: Kamiya Isao , Iwaki Ryojirô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The emission spectra of uranine and esoine chemiluminescence with hydrogen peroxide were measured photoelectrically and were compared with the fluorescence spectra of the dyes. The apparent spectra did not give the true energy distribution of the emitted light, because self-absorption took place. When the dyes were oxidized with ozonized air, the apparent emission spectra were very similar to those obtained when the dyes were oxidized with hydrogen peroxide. This would indicate that the emitting species are the same in the two reaction systems. The emission from the dye-ozone reaction was intense, and the spectrum could be compared with the fluorescence spectrum by employing a system with a low dye concentration. The coincidence of the two spectra was clearly demonstrated. The chemiluminescence spectrum of uranine at a high dye concentration in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was compared to the “chemi-fluorescence” spectrum of the luminol-dye system. The two systems gave almost the same spectrum. It may be concluded that the emissions from uranine and eosine chemiluminescence are the fluorescence emissions of the dyes and that the emitting species are the excited singlet states of uranine and eosine.
On the Preparation of Cadmium Sulfoselenide by the Wet Processes
Authors: Hashimoto Kosiro , Yamaguchi Goro , Toda Yoshitomo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The super-homogeneous coprecipitation method, in which the binary solution reactants made to mix and react in a moment, thus reducing a super-homogeneous precipitate, has been used recently in the preparation of catalysts. The coloring temperature of the cadmium sulfoselenide red pigment can be lowered to 350°C by this method, while, when the usual wet method is used, the temperature is between 450 and 650°C. This is because a very homogenous solid solution can be formed by the super-homogeneous coprecipitation method. This method is also effective in making an anionic solid solution of A(X, Y) with different anions of X and Y. Spectral reflectance measurements and X-ray analysis in the present work have shown that the coloring temperature has been considerably lowered and the transformation of the β-Cd(Se, S) into the a form has been accelerated by the method.
Studies of Some Telluro-Vanadomolybdates
Authors: Prasad Sarju , Pathak K C 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ammonium telluro-vanadomolybdate, 6(NH4)2·TeO3·3V2O5·4MoO3·15H2O, has been synthesized, its properties studied, and its composition determined by analytical methods. Copper, silver, calcium, strontium, barium and lead salts have then been prepared from the ammonium salt. D. T. A. of ammonium and strontium salts have been carried out to investigate the thermal changes. The infrared spectra of the ammonium salt and its dehydrated product have been recorded, and the characteristic frequencies assigned.
Electrode Processes Followed by Chemical Reactions Involving Electroactive Species. II. A Study on the Substitution Reaction Involving Chromium(II)
Authors: Ogino (née Ebata) Kazuko , Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The one-electron reduction wave of hexamminechromiuni(III) ions at the dropping mercury electrode splits into two steps by the presence of manganese (II) and ethylenediaminetetraacetato-manganate(II) (MnY2−; Y4− represents a quadrivalent ethylenediaminetetraacetate anion) ions. The limiting current of the first step was considered to depend on the rate of the formation of CrY2− by the substitution reaction of MnY2− and chromium(II) ions which were produced at the electrode by the reduction of the chromium(III) complex ions. From the change in the limiting current of the first step by the change of the concentrations of Mn2+, MnY2− and H+ the rate constants of the complex-forming reaction
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
were obtained to be K1f=8×107 l.mol−1sec−1,K1b=4×104 l.mol−1sec−1 (ionicstrength 1.0, 25°C)
The Radioactivation Analysis of Semiconductor Graphite for Nitrogen by the 14N(p, α)11C Reaction
Authors: Nozaki Tadashi , Okuo Takayasu , Akutsu Hiroyuki , Furukawa Michiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The excitation curve for the 14N(p, α)11C reaction was measured up to a proton energy of 15 MeV.; the reaction was found to have a fairly high cross section for a sensitive determination of nitrogen by radioactivation. A convenient technique was developed for the rapid quantitative conversion of the irradiated graphite into carbonate within a closed system. This technique makes possible the determination of a trace (down to several p.p.b.) of nitrogen in pyrolytic graphite. Discussions of the possible interference (i. e., that of boron by the 11B(p, n)11C reaction) will also be given. The nitrogen content of the pyrolytic graphite sample was found to vary markedly according to the starting material and to the preparation conditions.
The Chemistry of Polyazanes. V. The Mechanism of the Oxidation of Benzalphenylhydrazone
Authors: Minato Hiroshi , Tateno Hiroo , Yokokawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Benzalphenylhydrazone was oxidized with amyl nitrite and with sodium hypoiodite, and the products of the oxidation were analyzed. The products identified were dibenzaldiphenyltetrazone, α-benzilosazone and unoxidized benzalphenylhydrazone. The mechanism of the oxidation was discussed.
Organic Sulfur Compounds. XIII. The Reactions of p-Toluenesulfinyl Chloride with Azides
Authors: Kobayashi Michio , Yamamoto Asami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Attempts to prepare a sulfinyl azide resulted in the formation of the sulfonyl azide, disulfide, and thiolsulfonate; of these products, the first two were considered to be disproportionation products of the intermediate, sulflnyl azide. The reaction of a sulfinic acid with hydrazoic acid gave a sulfonamide. No rearrangement similar to the Curtius or the Schmidt reaction was observed.
The Ionic Telomerization of Conjugated Diene Compounds. I. The Cationic Telomerization of Butadiene with Its Hydrochlorides at Low Temperatures
Authors: Asahara Teruzo , Kise Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The telomerization of butadiene with its hydrochlorides (1-chlorobutene-2 and 3-chloro-butene-1) at low temperatures in the presence of cationic catalysts was investigated. The aim of the present investigation is to’ explore methods to control the molecular weight of the products with various reaction conditions, and to determine the properties and structure of the telomers obtained. The activity of several cationic catalysts at −50–−40°C, and the effects of the conversion and the ratio of chlorobutene to butadiene (RCl/Bu) on the yield and average molecular weights of the telomers were investigated. The products were divided into simple adducts and higher telomers by vacuum distillation. The fraction of the 1 : 1 adduct contained three isomers, one of which was 1-chlorooctadiene-2, 6. The structure and properties of the higher telomers were investigated by the aid of the infrared spectra, the average molecular weight, the iodine value, and elementary analysis. On the basis of the results, the reaction mechanism was discussed.
The Reactions of 1-Chloro-2-oximino-3-butanone
Authors: Masaki Mitsuo , Sugiyama Masatoshi , Tayama Suehiro , Ohta Masaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 1-chloro-2-oximino-3-butanone (I) with thiourea at 50–60°C gave S-(2-oximino-3-oxobutyl)thioformamidine hydrochloride (II), which upon being heated in an aqueous solution, then gave 2-amino-4-(1-oximinoethyl)thiazole (III). The treatment of I with amino-acetonitrile gave a mixture of N-(2-oximino-3-oxobutyl)aminoacetonitrile (IV) and N, N-bis(2-oximino-3-oxobutyl)aminoacetonitrile (V), which were confirmed as the corresponding amidoxime and benzoyl or p-nitrobenzoyl derivatives respectively. The reaction of I or 3-chloro-2-oximino-propiophenone with barium thiocyanate gave the corresponding acyclic thiocyanates (VI), while the reaction of anti-bromoacetophenone oxime with barium thiocyanate yielded 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole-3-oxide. That the cyclization reaction between the oximino and the cyano groups of V or VI did not occur seemed to favor the syn-chloromethyl conformation of the oximino group in I, a mechanism for which is hereby proposed.
Studies of the Hydrocracking of Lignin. II. The Components of Lignin Hydrocracking Products
Authors: Oshima Motoyoshi , Kashima Kan , Kubo Teruo , Tabata Haruro , Watanabe Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The components of the hydrocracking products of alcohol-fermented softwood sulfite waste lignin were identified by rectification, gas chromatography, and IR spectrophotometry. In the acidic fraction (b. p. 170–232°C phenol, o-cresol, 2,6-xylenol, m-cresol, p-cresol, 2-ethylphenol, 2, 4-xylenol, 2, 5-xylenol, 4-ethylphenol, 3-ethylphenol, 3, 5-xylenol, 2-(n-propyl)phenol, 3, 4-xylenol, 4-(n-propyl) phenol and 3-(n-propyl) phenol were identified. In the neutral fraction (b. p. 170–232°C) naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, and tetralin were identified. In the fraction (b. p. 135–170°C) ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene, and N-propylbenzene were found. In the fraction boiling between 57 and 135°C toluene was identified.
Studies of the Hydrocracking of Lignin. IV. The Evaluation of the Catalysts
Authors: Oshima Motoyoshi , Kashima Kan , Tabata Haruro , Watamabe Hiroshi , Kubo Teruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to find a more active catalyst than the standard catalyst (Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 39, 2750) (1966)), some seventeen materials were tested in the hydrocracking reaction of lignin. Although no catalyst was found that would alter the economic picture of the process, several interesting pieces of information were obtained. Selenium and zinc iodide gave a very high hydrogen absorption, indicating their activities as the catalyst. The reaction mechanism with these catalysts, seemed, however, very different from that with the standard catalyst. They resulted in high neutral yields and poor phenol yields. Cobalt octacarbonl, cobalt sulfide, ammonium molybdate, Raney iron, iron pentacarbonyl, nickel oxalate, and Ni-S showed fair activities. A closer evaluation of some of the above catalysts revealed that the standard catalyst was, at least at present, the most preferable catalyst.