bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preference of medicine and patient-reported quality of life in community-treated schizophrenic patients receiving aripiprazole vs standard of care: Results from the STAR study
Authors: Taylor David , Hanssens Linda , Loze Jean-Yves , Pans Miranda , L'Italien Gilbert , Marcus Ronald N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate quality of life and patient preference for schizophrenia treatment in a community based study comparing the use of aripiprazole to the standard of care (SOC).MethodThis open-label, 26-week, multi-centre, randomised study compared aripiprazole with SOC (olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone) in patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR criteria). The primary effectiveness variable was the mean total score of the Investigator Assessment Questionnaire (IAQ) at Week 26. The outcome research variables included the Preference of Medicine (POM) questionnaire, the Quality of Life Scale (QLS), and the EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D). The results from these outcome research variables are the focus of this paper addressing quality of life and patient preference.ResultsA total of 555 patients were randomised to receive aripiprazole (n = 284) or SOC (n = 271). The OC data at Week 26, reported that more respondents rated the study medication as ‘much better’ compared with their previous medication in the aripiprazole group versus SOC for patients (59% vs 35%, P < 0.001) and caregivers (58% vs 30%, P = 0.014). The improvement in QLS total score was also significantly greater in the aripiprazole group compared with SOC – mean change from baseline in QLS total score of 16.21 vs 10.01 (P < 0.001) at Week 26 (OC data set). A greater proportion of patients (93% vs 85%; P = 0.005) in the aripiprazole group had a satisfactory response on the EQ-5D Self Care Scale; all other EQ-5D scores were similar.ConclusionThe study findings suggest that quality of life and patient medication preference measures were better for aripiprazole than for SOC.
Effects of neonatal (+)‐methamphetamine on path integration and spatial learning in rats: effects of dose and rearing conditions
Authors: Vorhees Charles V. , Herring Nicole R. , Schaefer Tori L. , Grace Curtis E. , Skelton Matthew R. , Johnson Holly L. , Williams Michael T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPostnatal day (P)11–20 (+)‐methamphetamine (MA) treatment impairs spatial learning and reference memory in the Morris water maze, but has marginal effects on learning in a labyrinthine maze. A subsequent experiment showed that MA treatment on P11–15, but not P16–20, is sufficient to induce Morris maze deficits. Here we tested the effects of P11–15 MA treatment under two different rearing conditions on Morris maze performance and path integration learning in the Cincinnati water maze in which distal cues were unavailable by using infrared illumination. Littermates were treated with 0, 10, 15, 20, or 25 mg/kg MA × 4/day (2 h intervals). Half the litters were reared under standard housing conditions and half under partial enrichment by adding stainless steel enclosures. All MA groups showed impaired Cincinnati water maze performance with no significant effects of rearing condition. In the Morris maze, the MA‐25 group showed impaired spatial acquisition, reversal, and small platform learning. Enrichment significantly improved Morris maze acquisition in all groups but did not interact with treatment. The male MA‐25 group was also impaired on probe trial performance after acquisition and on small platform trials. A narrow window of MA treatment (P11–15) induces impaired path integration learning irrespective of dose within the range tested but impairments in spatial learning are dependent on dose. The results demonstrate that a narrower exposure window (5 days) changes the long‐term effects of MA treatment compared to longer exposures (10 days).
Assessment of STAN S21 fetal heart monitor by medical staff
Authors: Rault Sebastien , Vayssiere Christophe , Roth Emmanuel , David Eric , Favre Romain , Langer Bruno 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the responses of medical staff using the STAN S21 fetal heart monitor versus standard cardiotocography (CTG) to monitor abnormal fetal heart rate in labor.MethodQuestionnaires were completed by medical staff involved in a randomized controlled trial to compare STAN surveillance with traditional surveillance before the trial had finished. Respondents were questioned about their experience and confidence using the STAN system.ResultsThe response rate was 82% (89/109). Overall, 71% of respondents preferred using STAN surveillance, while 5% preferred standard CTG. Reasons given for preference over CTG alone were the continuous nature of surveillance (47%), the need for fewer scalp pH tests (39%), and its capacity to screen for severe fetal distress (30%).ConclusionMost of the medical staff surveyed preferred using STAN versus standard surveillance techniques to monitor abnormal fetal heart rate during labor.
On the Possibility of Real‐Time Monitoring of Glucose in Cell Culture by Microdialysis Using a Fluorescent Glucose Binding Protein Sensor
Authors: Ge Xudong , Rao Govind , Tolosa Leah 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAlthough glucose sensors with millimolar sensitivity are still the norm, there is now a developing interest in glucose sensors with micromolar sensitivity for applications in minimally invasive sampling techniques such as fast microdialysis and extraction of interstitial fluid by iontophoresis and laser poration. In this regard, the glucose binding protein (GBP) with a binding constant for glucose in the micromolar range is of particular relevance. GBP is one of the soluble binding proteins found in the periplasmic space of Gram‐negative bacteria. Because of its hinge‐like tertiary structure, glucose binding induces a large conformational change, which can be used for glucose sensing by attaching a polarity sensitive fluorescent probe to a site on the protein that is allosterically responsive to glucose binding. Correspondingly, the resulting optical biosensor has micromolar sensitivity to glucose. Because binding is reversible, the biosensor is reusable and can be stored at 4 °C for 6 months without losing its sensitivity. In this paper, we show the feasibility of using the GBP biosensor to monitor glucose in microdialysis. The effect of perfusion rate, bulk glucose concentration and temperature on microdialysis efficiency was determined. Additionally, the glucose concentrations in mammalian cell culture were monitored to demonstrate the applicability of this sensor in complex and dynamic processes over a period of time. As the sensor is sensitive to micromolar glucose, high dialysis efficiency is not required when the bulk glucose concentration is within the millimolar physiological range. Thus, a perfusion rate of 10 μL/min or faster can be used, resulting in delay times of 1 min or less.
Identifying Inhibitory Threshold Values of Repressing Metabolites in CHO Cell Culture Using Multivariate Analysis Methods
Authors: Xing Zizhuo , Li Zhengjian , Chow Vincent , Lee Steven S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractElevation of lactate, ammonia, osmolality, and carbon dioxide to inhibitory levels was reported to have adverse effects on cell growth and protein productivity in mammalian cell culture. Multivariate analysis methods were used to investigate the roles of these repressing metabolites in a fed‐batch CHO cell culture for antibody fusion protein B1 (B1) production. Principal Factor Analysis methodology was applied to manufacturing‐scale data of 112 cell culture runs, which identified threshold values of four repressing metabolites as follows: (1) ammonium levels above 5.1 mM inhibit cell growth; (2) both lactate and osmolality levels above 58 mM and 382 mOsm/kg affect cell viability; and (3) carbon dioxide levels at or above 111 mmHg reduce protein quality. These threshold values were then verified by simulations using Monod‐type equations and Canonical Correlation. These results suggest that adverse effects on cell growth, productivity, and product quality may be minimized under the ideal cell culture condition, in which the peak values of all four repressing metabolites are maintained below the threshold values. This strategy was evaluated in 45 cell culture runs in 50‐L bioreactors. Eight out of 45 runs were operated under the ideal condition, while the remaining 37 runs had at least one repressing metabolite with peak value at or above the threshold. In comparison to the remaining runs, the eight cell culture runs under the ideal condition had 17%, 40%, and 11% higher values in peak viable cell density, final B1 titer, and quality attribute, respectively. The unique methodology used in this study may be generally applicable in characterizing cell culture processes.
On Social Psychology and Human Nature: An Interview with Roy Baumeister
Authors: Lawrence Natalie Kerr 
Published: April 2008

Roy F. Baumeister currently holds the Eppes Eminent Professorship in the Department of Psychology at Florida State University. He received his PhD in social psychology from Princeton in 1978 working under Edward E. Jones. After a postdoctoral fellowship in sociology at Berkeley, he spent 23 years on the faculty at Case Western Reserve University, where he held the Elsie Smith Professorship in the Liberal Arts. He also held visiting positions at the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Virginia, the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, and the Max-Planck-Institute in Munich, Germany. He has taught social psychology, personality, sexuality, and interdisciplinary psychology. He has over 300 publications including 18 books. His new textbook, Social Psychology and Human Nature, is soon to be published. Natalie Kerr Lawrence is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at James Madison University, where she teaches general psychology, statistics, research methods, and social psychology. She is an active member of the Society for the Teaching of Psychology; her research interests focus on the teaching (and learning) of psychology. She is currently studying factors that enhance students' self-efficacy.
Fast grid layout algorithm for biological networks with sweep calculation
Authors: Kojima Kaname , Nagasaki Masao , Miyano Satoru 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Properly drawn biological networks are of great help in the comprehension of their characteristics. The quality of the layouts for retrieved biological networks is critical for pathway databases. However, since it is unrealistic to manually draw biological networks for every retrieval, automatic drawing algorithms are essential. Grid layout algorithms handle various biological properties such as aligning vertices having the same attributes and complicated positional constraints according to their subcellular localizations; thus, they succeed in providing biologically comprehensible layouts. However, existing grid layout algorithms are not suitable for real-time drawing, which is one of requisites for applications to pathway databases, due to their high-computational cost. In addition, they do not consider edge directions and their resulting layouts lack traceability for biochemical reactions and gene regulations, which are the most important features in biological networks.
Results: We devise a new calculation method termed sweep calculation and reduce the time complexity of the current grid layout algorithms through its encoding and decoding processes. We conduct practical experiments by using 95 pathway models of various sizes from TRANSPATH and show that our new grid layout algorithm is much faster than existing grid layout algorithms. For the cost function, we introduce a new component that penalizes undesirable edge directions to avoid the lack of traceability in pathways due to the differences in direction between in-edges and out-edges of each vertex.
Availability: Java implementations of our layout algorithms are available in Cell Illustrator.
Contact: masao@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Transcript Profiling Reveals New Insights into the Acclimation of the Mesophilic Fresh-Water CyanobacteriumSynechococcus elongatusPCC 7942 to Iron Starvation
Authors: Nodop Anke , Pietsch Daniel , Höcker Ralf , Becker Anke , Pistorius Elfriede K. , Forchhammer Karl , Michel Klaus-Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe regulatory network for acclimation of the obligate photoautotrophic fresh water cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 to iron (Fe) limitation was studied by transcript profiling with an oligonucleotide whole genome DNA microarray. Six regions on the chromosome with several Fe-regulated genes each were identified. The irpAB and fut region encode putative Fe uptake systems, the suf region participates in [Fe-sulfur] cluster assembly under oxidative stress and Fe limitation, the isiAB region encodes CP43′ and flavodoxin, the idiCB region encodes the NuoE-like electron transport associated protein IdiC and the transcriptional activator IdiB, and the ackA/pgam region encodes an acetate kinase and a phosphoglycerate mutase. We also investigated the response of two S. elongatus PCC 7942 mutants to Fe starvation. These were mutant K10, lacking IdiB but containing IdiC, and mutant MuD, representing a idiC-merodiploid mutant with a strongly reduced amount of IdiC as well as IdiB. The absence of IdiB in mutant K10 or the strongly reduced amount of IdiB in mutant MuD allowed for the identification of additional members of the Fe-responsive IdiB regulon. Besides idiA and the irpAB operon somB(1), somA(2), ftr1, ackA, pgam, and nat also seem to be regulated by IdiB. In addition to the reduced amount of IdiB in MuD, the low concentration of IdiC may be responsible for a number of additional changes in the abundance of mainly photosynthesis-related transcripts as compared to the wild type and mutant K10. This fact may explain why it has been impossible to obtain a fully segregated IdiC-free mutant, whereas it was possible to obtain a fully segregated IdiB-free mutant.
The Absence of ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE1a in Arabidopsis Results in Acute Sensitivity to Combined Light and Drought Stress
Authors: Giraud Estelle , Ho Lois H.M. , Clifton Rachel , Carroll Adam , Estavillo Gonzalo , Tan Yew-Foon , Howell Katharine A. , Ivanova Aneta , Pogson Barry J. , Millar A. Harvey , Whelan James 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTreatment of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) alternative oxidase1a (aox1a) mutant plants with moderate light under drought conditions resulted in a phenotypic difference compared with ecotype Columbia (Col-0), as evidenced by a 10-fold increase in the accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves, alterations in photosynthetic efficiency, and increased superoxide radical and reduced root growth at the early stages of seedling growth. Analysis of metabolite profiles revealed significant changes upon treatment in aox1a plants typical of combined stress treatments, and these were less pronounced or absent in Col-0 plants. These changes were accompanied by alteration in the abundance of a variety of transcripts during the stress treatment, providing a molecular fingerprint for the stress-induced phenotype of aox1a plants. Transcripts encoding proteins involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins, transcription factors, chloroplastic and mitochondrial components, cell wall synthesis, and sucrose and starch metabolism changed, indicating that effects were not confined to mitochondria, where the AOX1a protein is located. Microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that transcripts typically induced upon stress treatment or involved in antioxidant defense systems, especially chloroplast-located antioxidant defense components, had altered basal levels in untreated aox1a plants, suggesting a significant change in the basal equilibrium of signaling pathways that regulate these components. Taken together, these results indicate that aox1a plants have a greatly altered stress response even when mitochondria or the mitochondrial electron transport chain are not the primary target of the stress and that AOX1a plays a broad role in determining the normal redox balance in the cell.
The Structure of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase from Halothermothrix orenii Reveals Its Mechanism of Action and Binding Mode
Authors: Chua Teck Khiang , Bujnicki Janusz M. , Tan Tien-Chye , Huynh Frederick , Patel Bharat K. , Sivaraman J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) catalyzes the transfer of a glycosyl group from an activated donor sugar, such as uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-Glc), to a saccharide acceptor d-fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), resulting in the formation of UDP and d-sucrose-6′-phosphate (S6P). This is a central regulatory process in the production of sucrose in plants, cyanobacteria, and proteobacteria. Here, we report the crystal structure of SPS from the nonphotosynthetic bacterium Halothermothrix orenii and its complexes with the substrate F6P and the product S6P. SPS has two distinct Rossmann-fold domains with a large substrate binding cleft at the interdomain interface. Structures of two complexes show that both the substrate F6P and the product S6P bind to the A-domain of SPS. Based on comparative analysis of the SPS structure with other related enzymes, the donor substrate, nucleotide diphosphate glucose, binds to the B-domain of SPS. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism of catalysis by H. orenii SPS. Our findings indicate that SPS from H. orenii may represent a valid model for the catalytic domain of plant SPSs and thus may provide useful insight into the reaction mechanism of the plant enzyme.
Arabidopsis SCARs Function Interchangeably to Meet Actin-Related Protein 2/3 Activation Thresholds during Morphogenesis
Authors: Zhang Chunhua , Mallery Eileen L. , Schlueter Jessica , Huang Shanjin , Fan Youran , Brankle Steven , Staiger Christopher J. , Szymanski Daniel B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDuring polarized growth and tissue morphogenesis, cells must reorganize their cytoplasm and change shape in response to growth signals. Dynamic polymerization of actin filaments is one cellular component of polarized growth, and the actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex is an important actin filament nucleator in plants. ARP2/3 alone is inactive, and the Arabidopsis thaliana WAVE complex translates Rho-family small GTPase signals into an ARP2/3 activation response. The SCAR subunit of the WAVE complex is the primary activator of ARP2/3, and plant and vertebrate SCARs are encoded by a small gene family. However, it is unclear if SCAR isoforms function interchangeably or if they have unique properties that customize WAVE complex functions. We used the Arabidopsis distorted group mutants and an integrated analysis of SCAR gene and protein functions to address this question directly. Genetic results indicate that each of the four SCARs functions in the context of the WAVE-ARP2/3 pathway and together they define the lone mechanism for ARP2/3 activation. Genetic interactions among the scar mutants and transgene complementation studies show that the activators function interchangeably to meet the threshold for ARP2/3 activation in the cell. Interestingly, double, triple, and quadruple mutant analyses indicate that individual SCAR genes vary in their relative importance depending on the cell type, tissue, or organ that is analyzed. Differences among SCARs in mRNA levels and the biochemical efficiency of ARP2/3 activation may explain the functional contributions of individual genes.
Dissecting the Molecular Basis of the Regulation of Wood Formation by Auxin in Hybrid Aspen
Authors: Nilsson Jeanette , Karlberg Anna , Antti Henrik , Lopez-Vernaza Manuel , Mellerowicz Ewa , Perrot-Rechenmann Catherine , Sandberg Göran , Bhalerao Rishikesh P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIndole acetic acid (auxin) is a key regulator of wood formation, and an observed overlap between auxin concentration gradient and developing secondary xylem cells has led to the hypothesis that auxin regulates wood formation by acting as a morphogen. We dissected the role of auxin in wood formation by identifying the auxin-responsive transcriptome in wood-forming tissues and investigating alterations in wood formation in transgenic hybrid aspen plants (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) with perturbed auxin signaling. We showed that auxin-responsive genes in wood-forming tissues respond dynamically to changes in cellular auxin levels. However, the expression patterns of most of the auxin-responsive genes displayed limited correlation with the auxin concentration across this developmental zone. Perturbing auxin signaling by reducing auxin responsiveness reduced the cambial cell division activity, caused spatial deregulation of cell division of the cambial initials, and led to reductions in not only radial but also axial dimensions of fibers and vessels. We propose that, instead of acting as a morphogen, changes in auxin concentration in developing secondary xylem cells may provide important regulatory cues that modulate the expression of a few key regulators; these, in turn, may control the global gene expression patterns that are essential for normal secondary xylem development.
Distinct Light-Initiated Gene Expression and Cell Cycle Programs in the Shoot Apex and Cotyledons ofArabidopsis
Authors: López-Juez Enrique , Dillon Edyta , Magyar Zoltán , Khan Safina , Hazeldine Saul , de Jager Sarah M. , Murray James A.H. , Beemster Gerrit T.S. , Bögre László , Shanahan Hugh 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn darkness, shoot apex growth is repressed, but it becomes rapidly activated by light. We show that phytochromes and cryptochromes play largely redundant roles in this derepression in Arabidopsis thaliana. We examined the light activation of transcriptional changes in a finely resolved time course, comparing the shoot apex (meristem and leaf primordia) and the cotyledon and found &gt;5700 differentially expressed genes. Early events specific to the shoot apices included the repression of genes for Really Interesting New Gene finger proteins and basic domain/leucine zipper and basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. The downregulation of auxin and ethylene and the upregulation of cytokinin and gibberellin hormonal responses were also characteristic of shoot apices. In the apex, genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and protein translation were rapidly and synchronously induced, simultaneously with cell proliferation genes, preceding visible organ growth. Subsequently, the activation of signaling genes and transcriptional signatures of cell wall expansion, turgor generation, and plastid biogenesis were apparent. Furthermore, light regulates the forms and protein levels of two transcription factors with opposing functions in cell proliferation, E2FB and E2FC, through the Constitutively Photomorphogenic1 (COP1), COP9-Signalosome5, and Deetiolated1 light signaling molecules. These data provide the basis for reconstruction of the regulatory networks for light-regulated meristem, leaf, and cotyledon development.