bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral allergy syndrome (OAS): symptoms of IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity to foods
Authors: AMLOT P. L. , KEMENY D. M. , ZACHARY C. , PARKES P. , LESSOF M. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryEighty highly atopic patients were selected for study because they had either atopic eczema (fifty cases) or atopic reactivity to foods, as judged by a positive skin‐prick test (thirty cases). In all, sixty‐five out of eighty subjects (81%) described symptoms of some kind provoked by foods, but correspondingly positive skin tests were found in only half of these, thirty‐three out of eighty (41%). The symptoms experienced by thirty‐one of the thirty‐three patients with positive skin tests were immediate in onset (within 1 hr) and were at first confined to the upper gastrointestinal tract, the most frequent symptoms being oral irritation and throat tightness. In a proportion of these patients, further symptoms such as urticaria, asthma or anaphylaxis developed following the initial oral symptoms, which suggested the term‘oral allergy syndrome’. In the absence of the oral allergy, symptoms such as asthma, urticaria, migraine or eczema starting later than 1 hr after food were seldom associated with positive skin tests. In the oral allergy syndrome, the characteristic symptoms (strong association with positive skin tests and RAST, time of onset and sites at which symptoms are expressed) suggest a causative relationship between exposure to food antigens and specific IgE‐induced release of mediators. In cases of food intolerance that lack a characteristic symptom pattern and a positive skin test or radio‐allergo‐sorbent test, it seems appropriate to consider non‐IgE‐mediated causes.
SRS‐A leukotrienes decrease the activity of human respiratory cilia
Authors: BISGAARD H , PEDERSEN M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe have studied the effects of the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS‐A) constituents leukotrienes (LT) C4 and D4 on the ciliary activity of human respiratory cells. The ciliary beat frequency on human nasal cells harvested by cell scraping from the inferior turbinate was measured in a blind design by a microphoto‐oscillographic technique. A total of 740 ciliated cells from seventy‐four cell scrapings were studied. Mean baseline of ciliary beat frequency was 10.2 Hz. The ciliary beat frequency exhibited a pronounced variability in the spontaneous changes between the cell scrapings, yet less so within cell samples from the cell scrapings. We, therefore, evaluated the effect of the test solutions relative to the spontaneous decrease found during simultaneous perfusion with control solution of samples from the same cell scrapings. LTC4, 3–300 nmol/l, caused a highly significantly dose‐related decrease in the ciliary beat frequency by up to approximately 20% as compared to the corresponding control solution. The effect of LTC4 was significantly inhibited by the SRS‐A receptor antagonist FPL 55712 (10μmol/l), but not by indomethacin (10 μmol/l). LTD4, 300 nmol/l, also decreased the ciliary beat frequency. LTB4, which is a leukotriene, although without the sulphidopeptide side chain of the SRS‐A leukotrienes, did not affect the ciliary beat frequency in a concentration of 100 nmol/l. This would seem to confirm the structure specificity of the elucidated effect of the SRS‐A leukotrienes. Histamine (100 μmol/l) did not affect the ciliary beat frequency. The present study demonstrates that the SRS‐A leukotrienes have a specific cilio‐depressive effect, which may contribute to mucus obstruction in the lower airways in asthma and other chronic airway diseases.
Farmer's lung—a 5‐year follow‐up of eighty‐six patients
Authors: MÖNKÄRE SINIKKA , HAAHTELA TARI 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe studied the clinical course of eighty‐six patients with fanner's lung for a period of 5 years. The patients were first evaluated at an acute or sub‐acute stage of the disease and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 60 months thereafter. Special attention was paid to the development of lung function and radiological findings with reference to corticosteroid treatment and antigen contact during the follow‐up. Many of the patients were severely ill at the acute stage of the disease. Most of the recovery took place during the first month. Significant improvement of lung function happened up to 6 months, thereafter the improvement was insignificant. After 5 years, respiratory symptoms were reported by 65% and minor respiratory dysfunction (lowered diffusing capacity) was observed in about 40% of the farmers. Thirty‐two per cent of the patients showed diffuse opacities in chest X‐ray. Corticosteroid treatment had no effect on long term prognosis. There was no difference in the recovery of lung function between those who returned to work compared with those who did not. Exacerbations happened in 8% of the patients during the follow‐up. We conclude that respiratory symptoms, minor airway dysfunction and mild radiological fibrosis are common findings after 5 years of an acute or sub‐acute stage of the farmer's lung. However, in Finland two‐thirds of the patients return back to their previous occupation of farming and cattle feeding.
Possible role for rotavirus in the development of cows' milk enteropathy in infants
Authors: FIRER M. A. , HOSKING C. S. , HILL D. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn order to test the hypothesis that rotavirus infection leads to IgE hypersensitivity to cows’ milk, evidence of past rotavirus infection, as reflected by the presence of antibodies, was sought in two groups of children with cows’ milk allergy. The groups were defined according to the time to react to milk challenge. In group I there were fifteen children with an adverse reaction within 40 min of milk challenge. The twenty‐one children in group II had gastrointestinal reactions between 1 hr and 24 hr after milk challenge. The results showed a higher incidence of antibodies to rotavirus in group II than group I (P < 0.05). Although group I patients had significantly higher levels of total and milk‐specific IgE antibodies to cows’ milk than those in group II, both patient groups had lower levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgM than a control population. No association between the presence of rotavirus antibodies and IgE hypersensitivity to cows’ milk was found. However, an association between non‐IgE milk enteropathy and previous rotavirus antibodies was demonstrated.
Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid in asthma
Authors: KIRSCH C. M. , PAYAN D. G. , WONG M. Y. S. , DOHLMAN J. G. , BLAKE V. A. , PETRI M. A. , OFFENBERGER J. , GOETZL E. J. , GOLD W. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe role of arachidonic acid metabolites in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation and clinical asthma is currently unknown. The addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to the diet of humans has been shown to generate metabolites that are less potent than their arachidonic acid counterparts. The substitution of EPA for arachidonic acid metabolites in patients might cause a decrease in airway inflammation and an improvement in clinical asthma. We studied the effect of addition of EPA to the diet of twelve asthmatic patients. Standard clinical evaluations and pulmonary function tests were done on weeks 0, 3, 6, 10, 12 and 14. Patients ingested either low‐dose EPA (0.1 g/day) or high‐dose EPA (4.0 g/day) from weeks 6–14 (total of 8 weeks). There was no difference in clinical status or pulmonary function between groups at the start of the study. There was no change in clinical status or pulmonary function between or within groups at the end of 8 weeks of EPA ingestion.
Month of birth and grass pollen or mite sensitization in children with respiratory allergy: a significant relationship
Authors: BUSINCO LUISA , CANTANI A. , FARINELLA F. , BUSINCO ELENA 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis report describes a retrospective analysis of the month of birth distribution of 2124 children with respiratory allergy in the Rome district between 1964 and 1985, in comparison with the total live births in the same district over the same period. Of the 2124 children, 1685 had positive skin tests and or RAST only to mites, and 439 only to grass pollen (P < < 0.001). A significant relationship was found between grass or mite sensitization and the month of birth. A high proportion of children born in June‐September had mite allergy (P <0.005), and even higher was that of those born in March‐May with grass sensitivity (P< < 0.005), compared with the total live birth distribution in the Rome district in the same years as the children examined. These results are consistent with the idea that allergy may be associated with a period of susceptibility to sensitization in early infancy.
Cross‐reaction between aromatic isocyanates (TDI and MDI): a specific bronchial provocation test study
Authors: INNOCENTI A. , CIRLA A. M. , PISATI G. , MARIANO A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA study was performed on twenty‐five workers exposed to polyurethane varnishes exclusively catalysed with TDI, who developed asthma to this substance. The aim of the study was to establish, using bronchial provocation tests, whether a cross‐response to MDI exists. The results were positive but no definitive evidence has been reached because there was cross‐response in only 48% of cases. It is interesting, however, that cross‐responders did not predominate among the subjects with a late reaction to TDI (P= 0.0038), whereas cross‐responders were in the majority among the subjects with a dual reaction to TDI (P= 0.0334). It is possible that the pattern of the asthmatic reaction to BPT with TDI influences the cross‐reaction to other isocyanates.
Treatment of hay fever by Allerglobuline: a randomized double‐blind study
Authors: GIRARD J. P. , EL‐HABIB G. , GRANJARD P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryEighty patients suffering from documented hay fever have been entered in a double‐blind randomized study with the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of Allerglobuline®, a 10% human immunoglobulin preparation of placental origin, in the treatment of hay fever. The placebo was a 10% human albumin solution. The treatment started 6 weeks before the customary onset time of the clinical symptoms. It included a course often pre‐seasonal intramuscular injections, with 1 vial (5 ml) given twice a week, and followed by a booster injection of 1 vial on 15 June and 30 June during the grass pollen season.As the two groups of patients were similar, it was possible to demonstrate a significant symptomatic relief of rhinitis and conjunctivitis in the treated group, compared with the control group (P<0.0001), and an improvement of the respiratory symptoms. Symptomatic improvement was already apparent at the onset of the pollen season and persisted during the following weeks. An appreciable reduction in the consumption of antihistamines could also be shown (P<0.0001). Furthermore, a lesser increase in the total IgE level and in the specific cereal and grass pollen RAST could be demonstrated. This treatment can be seriously considered for the management of severe pollen allergy, particularly in those cases that show a poor response to immunotherapy.
Sensitivity to Parietaria pollen in the Southampton area as determined by skin‐prick and RAST tests
Authors: HOLGATE S. T. , JACKSON LINDA , WATSON H. K. , GANDERTON MARIANNE A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe pollen of Parietaria species is a well‐recognized and important inhalant allergen in the Mediterranean area. Parietaria judaica (Pellitory‐of‐the‐Wall) is native to the U.K., flowering from June to September, but is not usually considered to be of any clinical importance by U.K. allergists. We skin tested 62 patients with a clinical history of summer seasonal respiratory symptoms and a control group of 11 patients with perennial respiratory symptoms only. Each was skin tested in duplicate with extracts of grass pollen, birch pollen, Parietaria pollen, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, nettle pollen and negative and positive controls, and serum samples were collected for RAST assays for Parietaria and nettle. Eight of the 62 patients in the main group showed skin reactivity to Parietaria. Five of these eight had never visited the Mediterranean area and therefore it is possible that sensitization occurred in the U.K. Thirteen of the 62 patients were skin reactive to nettle but there was no correlation between skin reactivity to Parietaria and nettle. This supports a recent report that, despite their close botanical relationship, no antigenic cross‐reactivity exists between the two species. No correlation was seen between skin reactivity and serum RAST activity to Parietaria or nettle. It is not known whether exposure to Parietaria pollen contributes to the seasonal symptoms of the patients found to be skin reactive. None of the 11 patients in the control group was skin reactive to Parietaria.
IgE‐mediated allergic reactions to fruit gums and investigation of cross‐reactivity between gelatine and modified gelatine‐containing products
Authors: WAHL R. , KLEINHANS D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA 32‐year‐old female reacted with a contact urticaria syndrome after eating ‘gummy bears’ (fruit gums). The reaction began in the oral mucosa and led to treatment on an inpatient basis. RAST measurements with allergen discs produced with gelatine and gelatine‐containing products (among them ‘gummy bears’) demonstrated the presence of IgE antibodies in the serum of this patient. Proteins with molecular weights in the range of 40–120 kD were identified as the allergens in gelatine by using Western blot analysis. RAST inhibition showed cross‐reactivity between gelatine, gelatine‐containing products and the modified gelatine used in some plasma substitutes. Allergic reactions towards coloured fruit candies and ‘gummy bears’ may result from an IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity towards gelatine. The long‐known anaphylactoid reactions towards gelatine‐containing plasma substitutes may, at least in part, be of an allergic nature.
Allergenic components of Candida albicans identified by immunoblot analysis
Authors: SHEN HORNG‐DER , CHOO K. B. , TANG R. B. , LEE C. F. , YEH JAN‐YING , HAN S. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAllergenic components of Candida albicans fractionated by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes were identified using sera from 30 asthmatic patients who showed positive skin test and RAST (radio‐allergosorbent test) to C. albicans. The IgE‐binding yeast components in the complex antigen preparation were then detected by reaction with enzyme‐labelled anti‐human IgE antibodies. They were confirmed by Coomassie blue R‐250 staining of the membrane to visualize all protein bands after reaction with the enzyme substrate. The IgE‐binding patterns of the sera tested were heterogeneous, displaying a total of 16 identifiable components with molecular weights ranging from 20 to 94 kD. A 40 kD component showed the highest IgE‐binding frequency, being recognized by 23 (77%) of the 30 sera examined. The other 15 allergenic components identified were recognized by less than 25% of the sera tested. Only two of the 30 serum samples contained IgE antibodies reactive with seven to eight allergenic components. Ten of the 30 sera reacted with only one allergenic component, and the remaining serum samples recognized two to five of the 16 identified allergens. Results described in this study are applicable to allergen standardization work and provide a basis for further study on the role of C. albicans in clinical allergy.
Seasonal variability of exercise‐induced asthma especially outdoors. Effect of birch pollen allergy
Authors: KARJALAINEN J. , LINDQVIST A. , LAITINEN L. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA study was made to determine whether natural allergenic exposure modulates exercise‐induced asthma. Eighteen asthmatic men, ten non‐allergic and eight allergic to birch pollen, underwent heart rate‐monitored outdoor exercise tests during both the cold winter season and in the spring, the birch pollen season. The mean fall in FEV1 after the outdoor exercise test increased in the allergic group from 17.3% in the winter to 27.6% in the spring, while it decreased in the non‐allergic group from 31.6% to 22.4% respectively (P<0.01). Initial FEV1 and FCV values remained unchanged in both groups. The non‐specific airway responsiveness to histamine did not change significantly in birch pollen allergic or non‐allergic subjects during the spring, when compared with the winter values. We conclude that the exercise‐induced asthma is aggravated in the birch pollen allergic asthmatics during the pollen season, when compared to the non‐birch pollen allergic asthmatics, in whom the exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction is attenuated as expected, because of the warmer and more humid weather in the spring.
Occupational allergy in an entomological research center. II. Identification of IgE‐binding proteins from developmental stages of the blowfly Lucilia cuprina and other species of adult flies
Authors: BALDO B. A. , BELLAS T. E. , TOVEY E. R. , KAUFMAN G. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySera from 30 workers in an entomological research institute and from five Sydney asthmatics, all with serum IgE antibodies to sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) antigens, were studied with the aim of identifying individual IgE‐binding proteins in extracts of L. cuprina adult flies, larvae and eggs, and in extracts of related species of flies from the order Diptera. Using protein blotting, 21, 18 and nine different IgE‐binding components were identified in extracts of L. cuprina adult flies, larvae and eggs, respectively. A component(s)of MW 67 kD found in all three developmental stages, showed the highest frequency of IgE‐binding; reacting, for example, with 70% of the sera tested with the adult fly extract. Some components were detected in only one of the three developmental stages. Investigations of possible allergenic cross‐reactivity between L. cuprina and extracts from six other related species of flies revealed IgE‐binding bands in each of the extracts as well as in an extract of Agrotis infusa, a cutworm not belonging to the order Diptera. One strongly reacting component of MW 20 kD was detected in extracts of five different fly species as well as in the A. infusa extract. The results suggested that allergenic cross‐reactivity between some fly species exists, and may extend to taxonomically unrelated insect species.
Birth season variation in asthma and allergic rhinitis
Authors: ÅBERG N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis was analysed in relation to birth month in two cohorts of 18‐year‐old males born in 1953 (n= 55 393) and 1963 (n= 57 150), in school children (n= 1984) and in children with defined specific allergies (n= 1080). Among the 18‐year‐olds, a marked variation with respect to birth season was only found in those born in 1963, with the highest prevalence of asthma in those born August‐January and of allergic rhinitis in those born November‐May. In the schoolchildren with allergic rhinitis the birth season pattern was found to be similar to that in the conscripts born in 1963. The influence of month of birth on the onset of allergic rhinitis was maximum about 6 years of age and was not seen before 2, and after 10 years of age. Obvious similarities in birth season patterns were found between the unselected populations and the children with defined pollen and animal dander allergies. The differences in birth season pattern between the two cohorts of 18‐year‐olds were interpreted as an effect of unidentified adjuvant factors that might have developed over a 10‐year period.
H1‐ and H2‐antagonists in allergic and pseudoallergic diseases
Authors: RING J. , BEHRENDT H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAlthough known for more than 80 years, histamine still remains a fascinating substance for allergy research. Histamine antagonists have been in clinical use since 1942. The classical H1‐antagonists with sedative side‐effects have been more or less replaced by newer non‐sedating H1‐antagonists; the role of H2‐receptors in allergic diseases is still controversial. There, are however, increasing reports of beneficial effects of H2‐antagonists. mostly in combination with H1‐antagonists, in a variety of allergic and pseudoallergic conditions such as chronic urticaria, anaphylactoid reactions due to colloid volume substitutes, opioid analgesics and radiographic contrast media. The combined use of H1‐ and H2‐antagonists might not only act as specific histamine antagonism but exert a mast cell stabilizing effect, as demonstrated in animal experiments and some clinical studies. Future research will show whether the combined use of H1‐ and H2‐anlagonists will become a routine therapeutic procedure in allergy therapy.
Neuropeptides, mast cells and allergy: novel mechanisms and therapeutic possibilities
Authors: GOETZL E. J. , CHENG P. P. J. , HASSNER A. , ADELMAN D. C. , FRICK O. L. , SREEDHARAN S. P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDiverse neuropeptides are released by neuroendocrine and immune cells at the sites of allergic and inflammatory reactions. The neuropeptides and other neuromediators affect functions of smooth muscle, microvasculature and secretory cells, and are potent stimuli of mast cell, lymphocyte and other leucocyte contributions to such reactions. The distinctive immune sources, structures and cellular receptors for neuromediators suggest the possibility of novel pathogenetic mechanisms and levels of pharmacological intervention specific for neuroregulation of immunity and hypersensitivity.
Ispaghula sensitization in workers manufacturing a bulk laxative
Authors: McCONNOCHIE KATHRYN , EDWARDS J. H. , FIFIELD R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryExposure to ispaghula dust in a pharmaceutical factory resulted in chest tightness/ wheeze, nasal, and ocular or skin symptoms in 48 of 92 exposed workers. Whilst symptoms were not incapacitating in the majority (44) of these, one worker required antihistamines and three others experienced severe respiratory symptoms when exposed to the dust. These three were atopic, had a positive RAST and skin test to ispaghula; a combination unique to them. There was a significant relationship between work‐related symptoms and atopic status, however, smoking did not influence symptoms, total serum IgE and specific anti‐ispaghula IgE. We conclude that handling ispaghula produces an irritant effect in most exposed people, however, sensitization to the dust can occur with severe respiratory symptoms.
Mite allergy and exposure to storage mites and house dust mites in farmers
Authors: IVERSEN M. , KORSGAARD J. , HALLAS T. , DAHL R. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySensitization to house dust mites, storage mites and other common inhalation allergens was studied in 144 farmers using SPT and RAST. The study population was selected from a random sample of 808 farmers and consisted of 47 persons who had declared themselves to suffer from asthma, 63 persons who had reported respiratory symptoms, and 34 healthy persons without respiratory symptoms. The most prevalent RAST was towards storage mites and was found in 17% of farmers who suffered from asthma and was estimated to occur in 5% of the random sample of farmers. A positive RAST to house dust mites was found in 17% of farmers who reported to suffer from asthma. Sensitization to pollens, animal dander and grain species was rare. A positive RAST to moulds was not found. There was a strong association between a positive RAST to house dust mites and a positive RAST to storage mites (odds ratio 21.0). A positive RAST to storage mites was significantly associated with living in a dwelling in the past which was recalled as damp (odds ratio 4.9). A high number of house dust mites was found in nearly all dwellings (median count 148 mites/0.1 g dust) and a high number of storage mites was found in some dwellings. This study suggests that in humid and temperate regions of Europe, allergy to storage mites in farmers is not caused exclusively by occupational exposure but damp housing conditions and indoor exposure to storage mites may also be important.