bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Molecular Morphology of Porphyrin/DNA Complex
Authors: Takatoh Chikako , Matsumoto Takuya , Kawai Tomoji , Saitoh Takayuki , Takeda Kazuyoshi 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
A Porphyrin/DNA complex stabilized by both ionic bonds and stacking of π conjugates is reported herein. Morphology observation on the single molecular level revealed that the complex exhibits rigid behavior and inhomogeneity with phase separation. These characteristics are the indication of the presence of stacking interaction between porphyrins along the DNA scaffold.
Probing the Micropores in Linde-type A Zeolites by Helium-3 NMR
Authors: Hayashi Shigenobu 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
NMR spectra of 3He introduced in Linde-type A zeolites have been traced, which show that chemical shifts depend on the cations incorporated in the micropore. The chemical shift reflects the interaction with cations, the magnitude of which depends on the effective channel dimensions. 3He NMR can probe the smaller pores with much shorter periods than the conventional 129Xe NMR.
Modeling of solid‐bowl batch centrifugation of flocculated suspensions
Authors: Stickland Anthony D. , White Lee R. , Scales Peter J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSolid‐bowl batch centrifuges are used to thicken particulate and flocculated suspensions in many varied applications. The volume fraction dependent material parameters of compressive yield stress and hindered settling function are used to describe the solid‐liquid separation of a two‐phase system caused by centrifugal acceleration. The solution of the transient conservation of momentum and mass equations in radial coordinates gives the volume fraction distribution as a function of time for the two cases of the initial suspension networked or un‐networked. Analytical solutions are given for the equilibrium distribution and the small‐scale time dependence. The governing equations for the transient behaviors are solved using a 4th‐5th order Runge‐Kutta adaptive step‐size numerical method. The results show three zones of behavior: a consolidating bed, a sedimentation zone, and a clear‐liquor zone. The volume fraction within the sedimentation zone is constant for the initially networked case, and constant with radius but diminishing with time for the initially un‐networked case. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome
Authors: Graham John M. , Lee John 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBosma et al. [1981] delineated a syndrome affecting two unrelated males with severe hypoplasia of the nose and eyes, palatal abnormalities, deficient taste and smell, inguinal hernias, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with cryptorchidism, and normal intelligence. Other patients with this syndrome have been reported as cases of arhinia with associated defects. During embryonic development, the nasal placodes form 28 days after conception shortly after the optic vesicles makes contact with the overlying surface ectoderm at 26–27 days, and both layers invaginate to form the eyes between 34 and 44 days. Mice with homozygous mutations of Pax6, manifest underdevelopment of ocular and nasal structures, and a network of developmentally regulated genes function downstream of Pax6 to form nasal, ocular, and pituitary structures. These genes represent candidate genes for this disorder, and familial recurrence of Bosma syndrome has been reported to occur. This report describes two sporadic unrelated cases of this rare syndrome and briefly reviews the findings in previously reported cases. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography scanning of primate copulatory plugs
Authors: Parga Joyce A. , Maga Murat , Overdorff Deborah J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this study, high‐resolution computed tomography X‐ray scanning was used to scan ring‐tailed lemur (Lemur catta) copulatory plugs. This method produced accurate measures of plug volume and surface area, but was not useful for visualizing plug internal structure. Copulatory plug size was of interest because it may relate to male fertilization success. Copulatory plugs form from coagulated ejaculate, and are routinely displaced in this species by the penis of a subsequent mate during copulation (Parga [2003] Int. J. Primatol. 24:889–899). Because one potential function of these plugs may be to preclude or delay other males' successful insemination of females, we tested the hypothesis that larger plugs are more difficult for subsequent males to displace. Plugs were collected opportunistically upon displacement during data collection on L. catta mating behavior on St. Catherines Island, Georgia (USA) during two subsequent breeding seasons. Copulatory plugs exhibited a wide range of volumes: 1,758–5,013.6 mm3 (n = 9). Intraindividual differences in plug volume were sometimes greater than interindividual differences. Contrary to predictions, larger plugs were not more time‐consuming for males to displace via penile intromission during copulation. Nor were plugs with longer vaginal residence times notably smaller than plugs with shorter residence times, as might be expected if plugs disintegrate while releasing sperm (Asdell [1946] Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction; Ithaca: Comstock). We found a significant inverse correlation between number of copulatory mounts leading to ejaculation and copulatory plug volume. This may indicate that if males are sufficiently sexually aroused to reach ejaculation in fewer mounts, they tend to produce ejaculates of greater volume. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computerized restoration of nonhomogeneous deformation of a fossil cranium based on bilateral symmetry
Authors: Ogihara Naomichi , Nakatsukasa Masato , Nakano Yoshihiko , Ishida Hidemi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe developed a computerized method of correcting plastic deformation of a fossil skull, based on bilateral symmetry with respect to the midsagittal plane, and applied this method to reconstruction of a fossilized Proconsul heseloni cranium (KNM‐RU‐7290A). A three‐dimensional (3D) model of the fossil was generated using consecutive cross‐sectional images retrieved from computed tomography. 3D coordinates of anatomical landmarks that should be located on the midsagittal plane and pairs of landmarks that should be symmetrical with respect to this plane were acquired. These landmarks were then repositioned so that geometrical constraints were satisfied, while translated distances of landmarks were minimized. We adopted a thin‐plate spline function to mathematically describe the 3D nonlinear volumetric transformation between acquired and repositioned landmarks. Using this function, the entire fossil shape was transformed, and the effect of reversing the deformation could be visualized. The results indicated that the proposed method was effective in eliminating nonhomogeneous deformation of the fossil skull. The antemortem appearance of the skull cannot be completely restored by this method alone, due to methodological limitations. However, the presented method has a role as an adjunct in complementing conventional restoration techniques on account of its objective nature. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional fiber architecture of the nonpregnant human uterus determined ex vivo using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Weiss Stephan , Jaermann Thomas , Schmid Peter , Staempfli Philipp , Boesiger Peter , Niederer Peter , Caduff Rosmarie , Bajka Michael 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe global muscle and collagen fiber orientation in the human uterus has been analyzed hitherto by various standard microscopic techniques. However, no widely accepted model of the fiber architecture of the myometrium could be acquired. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the uterus by magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in a 3D macroscopic approach. Ex vivo MR DTI measurements were performed on five uteri from nonpregnant patients. The main diffusion directions reflecting the orientation of directional structures in the examined tissues were determined from diffusion‐weighted spin‐echo measurements. A fiber tracking algorithm was used to extrapolate the fiber architecture. The method was validated against histological slides and indirectly through the analysis of leiomyomas, which exhibit less anisotropy than normal myometrium. Significant anisotropy was found in most regions of all examined nonpregnant human uteri. But only two systems of fibers were found running circularly along the intramural part of the uterine tubes. They merged caudally and built a close fitting envelope of circular layers around the uterine cavity. On the cervix, circular fibers were observed in the outer part as well as mostly longitudinal fibers in the inner part. These results confirm the existence of directional structures in the complex fiber architecture of the human uterus. They also indicate that MR DTI is a beneficial and complementary tool to standard microscopic techniques to determine the intrinsic fiber architecture in human organs. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Very low mass stars in binaries: a theoretical look
Authors: Delgado‐Donate E. J. , Clarke C. J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have undertaken a series of hydrodynamic + N ‐body simulations in order to explore the binary properties of young stars. We find that multiple stars are a natural outcome of collapsing turbulent flows, with a high incidence of N > 2 multiples, specially among the higher mass objects. We find a positive correlation of multiplicity with primary mass and a companion frequency that decreases with age, during the first few Myr after formation. Binary brown dwarfs are rarely formed, in conflict with observations. Brown dwarfs as companions are predominantly found orbiting binaries or triples at large separations. The paucity of ultra low mass and low mass ratio binaries has been investigated further, and we tentatively conclude that their formation is intricately related to an appropriate selection of initial conditions and an accurate modelling of disc accretion and evolution. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
M dwarfs: planet formation and long term evolution
Authors: Adams F. C. , Bodenheimer P. , Laughlin G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe first part of this paper discusses how planet formation proceeds in the disks orbiting M dwarf stars. These environments are different from those associated with solar‐type stars in several ways: The planet forming clock (set by orbits) runs slower, the disks are more prone to evaporation, the supply of raw material is lower, the snowline is closer in, and planetary systems are more easily disrupted. Because of these considerations, red dwarfs are less likely to harbor giant planets, but can readily produce smaller planets. The second part of this paper describes stellar evolution calculations for M dwarfs, which live far longer than the current age of the universe. These diminutive stellar objects remain convective over most of their lives, continue to burn hydrogen for trillions of years, and do not experience red giant phases in their old age. Instead, red dwarfs turn into blue dwarfs and finally white dwarfs. This work also shows (in part) why larger stars become red giants. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spitzer discovery of very low luminosity objects
Authors: Kauffmann J. , Bertoldi F. , Evans N. J. , The c2d Collaboration  
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe Spitzer Space Telescope allows for the .rst time to search systematically for very low luminosity (≲0.1 L⊙) objects (VeLLOs) associated with dense molecular cores. They may be the .rst candidate Class 0 sources with sub‐stellar masses. We describe such a source in the dense molecular core L1148. VeLLO natal cores show properties that are unusual for star‐forming cores. The low luminosity and in some cases the lack of prominent out.ow could be the result of the small gas supply near the VeLLO. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical modelling of optical and IR spectra of brown dwarfs and ultracool dwarfs
Authors: Pavlenko Y. V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe current state of theoretical modelling of the spectra of cool dwarfs and ultracool objects are discussed. Fits of synthetical spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in the optical and IR spectral regions to observed spectra show problems of theoretical modelling. Problems of interpretation of observed spectra are more obvious for the case of L and T dwarfs. Still even for late‐M dwarfs the situation is far from being perfect. Some examples of the .ne analysis of the spectra of ultracool dwarfs are presented. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of the conformational profile of trishomocubane amino acid dipeptide
Authors: Bisetty Krishna , Govender Penny , Kruger Hendrik G. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract4‐Amino‐(D3)‐trishomocubane‐4‐carboxylic acid is a constrained α‐amino acid residue that exhibits promising conformational characteristics, i.e., helical and β‐turns. As part of the development of conformational guidelines for the design of peptides and protein surrogates, the conformational energy calculations on trishomocubane using molecular mechanics and ab initio methods are presented. The Cα carbon of trishomocubane forms part of the cyclic structure, and consequently a peptidic environment was simulated with an acetyl group on its N‐terminus and a methylamide group on its C‐terminus. Ramachandran maps computed at the molecular mechanics level using the standard AMBER (parm94) force field libraries compared reasonably well with the corresponding maps computed at the Hartree Fock level, using the 6‐31G* basis set. Trishomocubane peptide (Ac‐Tris‐NHMe) is characterized by four low energy conformers corresponding to the C7ax, C7eq, 310, and αL helical structures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81: 339–349, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
A rapid microassay to evaluate enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates
Authors: Berlin Alex , Maximenko Vera , Bura Renata , Kang Kyu‐Young , Gilkes Neil , Saddler Jack 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCurrent attempts to produce ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass are focused on the optimization of pretreatment to reduce substrate recalcitrance and the improvement of enzymes for hydrolysis of the cellulose and hemicellulose components to produce fermentable sugars. Research aimed at optimizing both aspects of the bioconversion process involves assessment of the effects of multiple variables on enzyme efficiency, resulting in large factorial experiments with intensive assay requirements. A rapid assay for lignocellulose hydrolysis has been developed to address this need. Pretreated lignocellulose is formed into handsheets, which are then used to prepare small disks that are easily dispensed into microtiter plates. The hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose is estimated using an enzyme‐coupled spectrophotometric assay. Using disks prepared from ethanol organosolv pretreated yellow poplar, it is shown that the assay generates data comparable with those produced by hydrolysis of pretreated yellow poplar pulp in Erlenmeyer flasks, followed by HPLC analysis of glucose. The assay shows considerable time and cost benefits over the standard assay protocol and is applicable to a broad range of lignocellulosic substrates. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A critical assessment of the impact of mixing on dilution refolding
Authors: Mannall Gareth J. , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel J. , Chase Howard A. , Dalby Paul A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRefolding often presents a bottleneck in the generation of recombinant protein expressed as inclusion bodies. Few studies have looked at the effect of physical factors on the yield from refolding steps. Refold reactors typically operate in fed‐batch mode with a slow injection rate. This paper characterizes mixing in a novel reactor, and seeks to relate the conditions of mixing to native lysozyme yields after refolding. A novel twin‐impeller system incorporating a mini‐paddle impeller located in the vicinity of the injection point was used to increase the local levels of energy dissipation experienced by the injected material, and to improve refolding yields. Mixing only affected yields during and immediately after denatured protein addition. Analysis of lysozyme refolding yield, under a variety of conditions, revealed that dispersive mixing affected the yield. The beneficial effect of the mini‐paddle impeller in providing a source of localized energy dissipation was limited to conditions where the bulk impeller intensity was low. The effects appeared to become more significant when injection times were longer, because of increased exposure of the injected material to the energy dissipation of the mini‐impeller. The results suggest that for fed‐batch protein refolding systems, where mixing has been shown to be a critical factor, the local energy dissipation experienced in the vicinity of the injection point is critical to the refolding yields. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of substrate concentration on the stability and yield of continuous biohydrogen production
Authors: Kyazze G. , Martinez‐Perez N. , Dinsdale R. , Premier G.C. , Hawkes F.R. , Guwy A.J. , Hawkes D.L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe effect of substrate concentration (sucrose) on the stability and yield of a continuous fermentative process producing hydrogen was studied. High substrate concentrations are attractive from an energy standpoint as they would minimise the energy required for heating. The reactor was a CSTR; temperature was maintained at 35°C; pH was controlled between 5.2 and 5.3, and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 12 h. Online measurements were taken for ORP, pH, temperature, %CO2, gas output and %H2, and data logged using a MatLAB® data acquisition toolbox. Steady‐state operation was obtained at 10, 20 and 40 g/L of sucrose in the influent, but a subsequent step change to 50 g/L was unsustainable. The hydrogen content ranged between 50% and 60%. The yield of hydrogen decreased as the substrate concentration increased from 1.7 ± 0.2 mol/mol hexose added at 10 g/L, to 0.8 ± 0.1 mol/mol at 50 g/L. Sparging with nitrogen improved the hydrogen yield by at least 35% at 40 g/L and at least 33% at 50 g/L sucrose. Sparging also enabled steady‐state operation at 50 g/L sucrose. Addition of an extra 4 g/L of n‐butyric acid to the reactor operating at 40 g/L sucrose increased the butyrate concentration from 9,830 to 18,900 mg/L, immediately stopping gas production and initiating the production of propionate, whilst the addition of 2 g/L taking the butyrate concentration to 12,200 mg/L did not do so. It was shown that operation at 50 g/L sucrose in a CSTR in butyrate fermentation is possible. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of Serine O‐Glycosylation or O‐Phoshorylation Close to the vJun Nuclear Localisation Sequence on Nuclear Import
Authors: Schlummer Stefanie , Vetter Robin , Kuder Norman , Henkel Andreas , Chen Yong‐Xiang , Li Yan‐Mei , Kuhlmann Jürgen , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNuclear import triggered by the nuclear‐localisation sequence (NLS) of the viral Jun (vJun) protein is mediated by phosphorylation of a serine close to the NLS. Since phosphorylation and glycosylation of serine residues are often in a reciprocal “yin–yang” relationship, we investigated whether glycosylation of this serine with O‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) would also regulate nuclear import via the vJun NLS. Peptides containing the vJun NLS with an adjacent O‐phosphorylated, O‐GlcNAc‐functionalised or unmodified serine, and equipped with an N‐terminal biotin or a 7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazolyl (NBD) fluorescent label, were synthesised on the solid phase by means of an Fmoc/Boc strategy and a Pd0‐sensitive HYCRON linker. Fluorescence‐polarisation measurements on the NBD‐labelled peptides indicated that modification with phosphate or O‐GlcNAc leads to a decrease in affinity to the import‐mediating adapter protein, importin α, of about one order of magnitude compared to the unmodified NLS. Microinjection of biotinylated NLS peptide conjugated with fluorescently labelled avidin into NIH/3T3 and MDCK cells, revealed that avidin–unmodified‐NLS peptide was rapidly imported into the nucleus. However, either phosphate or O‐GlcNAc next to the NLS caused almost complete exclusion of the protein conjugate from nuclear import. These findings indicate that nuclear import by the vJun NLS might not be regulated by a “yin–yang” modification of an adjacent serine with phosphate or O‐GlcNAc. Rather, negative regulation of binding between the polybasic NLS and importin by a negatively charged or a bulky, uncharged residue appears likely.
Intra‐atrial tissue plasminogen activator infusion for prosthetic valve thrombosis
Authors: Seltzer Sharon M. , Reed Michael D. , Siwik Ernest S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThrombosis is a well‐known and life‐threatening complication of prosthetic mechanical valves. Therapy typically requires medical thrombolysis or surgical thrombectomy/valve replacement. We report the case of a thrombosed atrioventricular valve in a young boy with complex congenital heart disease, which was successfully treated with direct intra‐atrial infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator after failed attempts at systemic therapy. We present this treatment as an alternative to conventional medical therapy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Framework for regression‐based missing data imputation methods in on‐line MSPC
Authors: Arteaga Francisco , Ferrer Alberto 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMissing data are a critical issue in on‐line multivariate statistical process control (MSPC). Among the different scores estimation methods for future multivariate incomplete observations from an existing principal component analysis (PCA) model, the most statistical efficient ones are those that estimate the scores for the new incomplete observation as the prediction from a regression model. We have called them regression‐based methods. Several approximations have been proposed in the literature to overcome the singularity or ill‐conditioning problems that some of the mentioned methods can suffer due to missing data. This is particularly acute in on‐line batch process monitoring. In order to ease the comparison of the statistical performance of these methods and to improve the understanding of their relationships, in this paper we propose a framework that allows to write these regression‐based methods by an unique expression, function of a key matrix. From this framework a statistical performance index (PRESV) is introduced as a way to compare the statistical efficiency of the different framework members and to predict the impact of specific missing data combinations on scores estimation without requiring real data. The results are illustrated by application to several continuous and batch industrial data sets. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Electroplated Copper Film Using a Mixture of CuSO4 and CuSiF6 as the Electrolyte.
Authors: Wu You‐Lin , Yeh Juin‐Tsun , Cheng Chao‐Shen , Hwang Huey‐Liang 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Polar Oxide with a Large Magnetization Synthesized at Ambient Pressure.
Authors: Hughes Helen , Allix Mathieu M. B. , Bridges Craig A. , Claridge John B. , Kuang Xiaojun , Niu Hongjun , Taylor Stephen , Song Wenhai , Rosseinsky Matthew J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.