bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Comparisons of VPR-Corrected Daily Rainfall Estimates with a Gauge Mesonet
Authors: Bellon Aldo , Lee Gyu Won , Kilambi Alamelu , Zawadzki Isztar 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The relative skill of two vertical-profile-of-reflectivity (VPR) correction techniques for daily accumulations on a selected dataset and a real-time dataset has been verified. The first technique (C1) adjusts the 1-h rainfall amounts already derived on a Cartesian CAPPI map at an altitude of 1.5 km in a “one step” procedure using the range-dependent space–time-averaged VPR over the 1-h interval. The C2 technique corrects the nonconvective polar reflectivity measurements of each 5-min radar cycle that are also centered at a height of 1.5 km according to a VPR that is similarly derived but over a shorter time interval. The results emphasize the importance of applying a VPR correction scheme—in particular, in a climatic regime in which most of the liquid precipitation falls from stratiform echoes. The crucial importance of the choice of datasets is also underlined, causing differences in the final assessment that may be greater than those between the various algorithms. Both techniques perform well with selected events of low bright band and thus with the greatest potential for improvement—in particular, when the bias is removed in a post facto analysis. However, when the VPR algorithm is tested in a real-time environment consisting of less strong or higher brightband situations and faces a variety of day-to-day precipitation, the improvement is substantially lower. RMS errors are reduced only from 61% to 48% in contrast with the reduction from 117% to 43% seen with the smaller sample of selected events. This is because other sources of error—in particular, the variability in the radar reflectivity–rainfall rate (Z–R) relationship—are often of the same magnitude as the VPR errors. An example is provided that shows how the bias from an improper Z–R relationship can reduce the true skill of a real-time VPR correction scheme.
Benzyl N-Phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetimidate: A New and Stable Reagent for O-Benzylation
Authors: Okada Yasunori , Ohtsu Mamiko , Bando Masafumi , Yamada Hidetoshi 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
A new O-benzylation reagent, benzyl N-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetimidate, has been developed. It even reacts with sterically hindered alcohols and base-sensitive hydroxy esters to afford the corresponding benzyl ethers catalyzed by TMSOTf in 1,4-dioxane. This reagent was more stable than benzyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate, a known benzylation reagent.
The Joint Allele-Frequency Spectrum in Closely Related Species
Authors: Chen Hua , Green Richard E , Pääbo Svante , Slatkin Montgomery 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe develop the theory for computing the joint frequency spectra of alleles in two closely related species. We allow for arbitrary population growth in both species after they had a common ancestor. We focus on the case in which a single chromosome is sequenced from one of the species. We use classical diffusion theory to show that, if the ancestral species was at equilibrium under mutation and drift and a chromosome from one of the descendant species carries the derived allele, the frequency spectrum in the other species is uniform, independently of the demographic history of both species. We also predict the expected densities of segregating and fixed sites when the chromosome from the other species carries the ancestral allele. We compare the predictions of our model with the site-frequency spectra of SNPs in the four HapMap populations of humans when the nucleotide present in the Neanderthal DNA sequence is ancestral or derived, using the chimp genome as the outgroup.
Transposable Element Dynamics of the hAT Element Herves in the Human Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.s.
Authors: Subramanian Ramanand A , Arensburger Peter , Atkinson Peter W , O'Brochta David A 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Transposable elements are being considered as genetic drive agents for introducing phenotype-altering genes into populations of vectors of human disease. The dynamics of endogenous elements will assist in predicting the behavior of introduced elements. Transposable element display was used to estimate the site-occupancy frequency distribution of Herves in six populations of Anopheles gambiae s.s. The site-occupancy distribution data suggest that the element has been recently active within the sampled populations. All 218 individuals sampled contained at least one copy of Herves with a mean of 3.6 elements per diploid genome. No significant differences in copy number were observed among populations. Nucleotide polymorphism within the element was high (π = 0.0079 in noncoding sequences and 0.0046 in coding sequences) relative to that observed in some of the more well-studied elements in Drosophila melanogaster. In total, 33 distinct forms of Herves were found on the basis of the sequence of the first 528 bp of the transposase open reading frame. Only two forms were found in all six study populations. Although Herves elements in An. gambiae are quite diverse, 85% of the individuals examined had evidence of complete forms of the element. Evidence was found for the lateral transfer of Herves from an unknown source into the An. gambiae lineage prior to the diversification of the An. gambiae species complex. The characteristics of Herves in An. gambiae are somewhat unlike those of P elements in D. melanogaster.
Golgi Manganese Transport Is Required for Rapamycin Signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Devasahayam Gina , Burke Daniel J , Sturgill Thomas W 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The Pmr1 Golgi Ca2+/Mn2+ ATPase negatively regulates target of rapamycin complex (TORC1) signaling, the rapamycin-sensitive TOR complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Since pmr1 causes resistance to rapamycin and tor1 causes hypersensitivity, we looked for genetic interactions of pmr1 with tor1. Deletion of TOR1 restored two wild-type phenotypes. Loss of TOR1 restored the ability of the pmr1 strain to grow on media containing 2 mm MnCl2 and conferred wild type as well as the wild-type sensitivity to rapamycin. Mn2+ additions to media partially suppressed rapamycin resistance of wild type and pmr1 tor1, suggesting that Tor1 and Tor2 are regulated by manganese. We parsed the roles of Ca2+ and Mn2+ transport and the compartments in rapamycin response using separation-of-function mutants available for Pmr1. A strain containing the D53A mutant (Mn2+ transporting) of Pmr1 is rapamycin sensitive, but the Q783A mutant (Ca2+ transporting) strain is rapamycin resistant. Mn2+ transport into the Golgi lumen appears to be required for rapamycin sensitivity. Overexpression of Ca2+ pump SERCA1, Ca2+/H+ antiporter Vcx1, or a Mn2+ transporting mutant of Vcx1 (Vcx1-M1) failed to restore rapamycin sensitivity, and loss of Pmr1 but not other transporters of Ca2+ or Mn2+ results in rapamycin resistance. Overexpression of Ccc1, a Fe2+ and Mn2+ transporter that has been localized to Golgi and the vacuole, does restore rapamycin sensitivity to pmr1Δ. We conclude that Mn2+ in the Golgi inhibits TORC1 signaling.
Human Milk Intake and Retinopathy of Prematurity in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Heller Cherrie D. , O'Shea Michael , Yao Qing , Langer John , Ehrenkranz Richard A. , Phelps Dale L. , Poole W. Kenneth , Stoll Barbara , Duara Shahnaz , Oh William , Lemons James , Poindexter Brenda ,   for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVES. Our goal was to analyze the association between human milk intake and severe retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. This study is a secondary analysis of data collected for a trial of glutamine supplementation in extremely low birth weight infants (birth weight &lt;1000 g). Among the 1433 participants in that trial, data are available regarding human milk intake and the occurrence of severe retinopathy of prematurity (defined in this study as retinopathy of prematurity treated surgically) for 1057 infants. The volume of human milk intake was expressed as the mean volume (milliliters per kilogram per day) and the mean proportional volume (proportion of total nutritional intake) from birth to discharge or transfer. Using logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for any human milk intake and, among infants who received human milk, for each 10 mL/kg per day and each 10% increase in volume.
RESULTS. Of the 1057 infants included in this cohort, 788 infants (75%) received at least some human milk. Among these milk-fed infants, the median volume of human milk intake was 30 mL/kg per day (interquartile range: 6–83 mL/kg per day), and the median proportional volume of human milk intake was 0.18 (interquartile range: 0.03–0.66). One hundred sixty-three infants (15%) developed severe retinopathy of prematurity.
CONCLUSIONS. In extremely low birth weight infants, human milk intake was not associated with a decreased risk of severe retinopathy of prematurity.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Regional T1 Abnormalities at Term Accurately Predict Motor Outcome in Preterm Infants
Authors: Nanba Yukiko , Matsui Kiyoshi , Aida Noriko , Sato Yoshiaki , Toyoshima Katsuaki , Kawataki Motoyoshi , Hoshino Rikuo , Ohyama Makiko , Itani Yasufumi , Goto Akiko , Oka Akira 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to assess whether periventricular leukomalacia findings are sufficiently sensitive for predicting the severity of motor prognosis by conventional MRI in the near term.METHODS. Preterm infants with T1 hyperintensity or cysts in the periventricular regions on term MRI were selected, and their gross motor functions were evaluated at the age of 3 to 5 years. Sixty-two infants had findings of T1 hyperintensity or cysts, and except for infants with these findings, none were diagnosed later as periventricular leukomalacia.RESULTS. All 37 patients with cerebral palsy had periventricular lesions with T1 hyperintensity or cysts in the corona radiata above the posterior limb of the internal capsule on coronal sections. Small T1 hyperintensity lesions were seen on coronal slices and were often difficult to detect on axial slices. All of the 17 infants with T1 hyperintensity findings sparing the corona radiata above the posterior limb of the internal capsule showed normal motor development, irrespective of findings of ventriculomegaly. There was a tendency for the presence of widespread lesions in corona radiata above the posterior limb of the internal capsule to be correlated with the severity of motor handicap.CONCLUSIONS. Lesions in the corona radiata above the posterior limb of the internal capsule on a coronal view by term MRI were useful for predicting motor prognosis in preterm infants with periventricular leukomalacia.
Three-Tesla Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Preterm Infants
Authors: Foran Adrienne M. , Fitzpatrick Julie A. , Allsop Joanna , Schmitz Stephan , Franklin Jamie , Pamboucas Constandinos , O'Regan Declan , Hajnal Jo V. , Edwards A. David 
Published: July 2007

OBJECTIVES. We aimed to establish the feasibility of acquiring 3.0-T cardiac MRIs without sedation, anesthesia, or breath-holding for preterm infants and to obtain preliminary quantitative data on left ventricular function in this population.
METHODS. Twelve preterm infants underwent 3.0-T cardiac MRI without sedation or breath-holding. The median gestational age was 29 weeks (range: 26–33 weeks), the median birth weight was 1240 g (range: 808–2200 g), and the median postconceptional age at the time of cardiac MRI was 33 weeks (range: 31–40 weeks). Anatomic images were acquired with T2-weighted spin-echo sequences, and ventricular function was assessed with balanced steady-state free precession cine sequences. We assessed left ventricular function by using the area-length ejection fraction method on horizontal long-axis images and the volumetric Sergeant's discs method of analysis on short-axis images.
RESULTS. Imaging was successful for 10 of 12 infants. For those 10, the area-length ejection fraction method in the horizontal long-axis plane estimated median stroke volume at 2.9 mL, cardiac output at 0.4 L/minute, end-diastolic volume at 3.8 mL, end-systolic volume at 0.3 mL, and ejection fraction at 74.6%. Short-axis volumetric estimations were made for 4 infants. With this approach, the median stroke volume was 2.4 mL, cardiac output 0.35 L/minute, end-diastolic volume 4.3 mL, end-systolic volume 2.1 mL, and ejection fraction 56%.
CONCLUSIONS. Three-tesla cardiac MRI is feasible for preterm infants without sedation, anesthesia, or breath-holding and has the potential to provide a wide range of precise quantitative data that may be of great value for the investigation of cardiac function in preterm infants.
Toxic pneumonitis caused by inhalation of hydrocarbon waterproofing spray in two dogs
Authors: Young Brian C. , Strom Adam M. , Prittie Jennifer E. , Barton Linda J. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Case Description—2 dogs were evaluated because of vomiting and lethargy (a Toy Poodle; dog 1) and acute respiratory distress, vomiting, and anorexia (a Chihuahua; dog 2). Dog 1 had been exposed to a commercial hydrocarbon waterproofing spray 24 hours before the development of clinical signs, and dog 2 was examined 18 hours after exposure to a waterproofing spray containing heptane, a highly flammable liquid hydrocarbon.
Clinical Findings—In both dogs, major gastrointestinal tract abnormalities were ruled out but respiratory status worsened. Thoracic radiography revealed a diffuse interstitial pulmonary pattern, and hypoxemia was detected.
Treatment and Outcome—Hospitalization for monitoring and care was required for both dogs. The dogs recovered with supportive care, which included administration of oxygen, fluids, and bronchodilators. Additionally, dog 1 received glucocorticoids via inhalation and supplemental enteral nutrition, whereas dog 2 was treated with an antimicrobial.
Clinical Relevance—The dogs of this report developed hydrocarbon pneumonitis following exposure to waterproofing sprays. Such sprays contain potentially toxic hydrocarbons. The severity of the adverse effects associated with exposure may have been amplified because the dogs were physically small and were exposed to a relatively large amount of aerosolized spray within small areas. Development of chemical pneumonitis in pet animals is best prevented by application of waterproofing sprays in well-ventilated or outdoor areas from which pets have been excluded. With prolonged hospitalization and considerable monitoring and care, affected dogs can recover from these exposures.
Outcomes of nonsurgical management and efficacy of demecarium bromide treatment for primary lens instability in dogs: 34 cases (1990–2004)
Authors: Binder Daniel R. , Herring Ian P. , Gerhard Tobias 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine outcome of initial conservative management for primary lens luxation and evaluate topically administered demecarium bromide miotic treatment for prevention of anterior lens luxation, glaucoma, and vision loss in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—34 dogs with primary lens luxation.
Procedures—Medical records of affected dogs were reviewed for times to anterior luxation, luxation of the lens in the opposite eye, development of glaucoma, and vision loss.
Results—At 4 to 6 weeks and at 3 months after diagnosis of lens instability (subluxation or posterior luxation), 100% (34/34 and 29/29, respectively) of conservatively managed eyes retained vision. At 1 year after diagnosis of lens instability, 80% (16/20) of conservatively managed eyes retained vision, and at 2 years after diagnosis of lens instability, 11 of 19 conservatively treated eyes retained vision. The only significant effect of miotic treatment was to delay anterior lens luxation in eyes with lens instability. Miotic treatment did not significantly affect the time from anterior lens luxation in 1 eye to anterior luxation in the other eye, time to onset of glaucoma, or time to loss of vision in eyes with an unstable lens.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prophylactic topically administered miotic treatment may be effective at delaying anterior luxation of an unstable lens in eyes affected by primary lens instability. Conservative medical management of dogs with primary lens instability is a reasonable alternative to surgical removal of a subluxated or posteriorly luxated lens via intracapsular lens extraction.
Adverse events after vaccine administration in cats: 2,560 cases (2002–2005)
Authors: Moore George E. , DeSantis-Kerr Andrea C. , Guptill Lynn F. , Glickman Nita W. , Lewis Hugh B. , Glickman Lawrence T. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the incidence of vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs) diagnosed within 30 days of vaccination in cats and characterize risk factors for their occurrence.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—496,189 cats vaccinated at 329 hospitals.
Procedures—Electronic records were searched for VAAEs that occurred after vaccine administration classified by practitioners as nonspecific vaccine reaction, allergic reaction, urticaria, shock, or anaphylaxis. Clinical signs and treatments were reviewed. The association between potential risk factors and a VAAE occurrence was estimated via multivariate logistic regression.
Results—2,560 VAAEs were associated with administration of 1,258,712 doses of vaccine to 496,189 cats (51.6 VAAEs/10,000 cats vaccinated). The risk of a VAAE significantly increased as the number of vaccines administered per office visit increased. Risk was greatest for cats approximately 1 year old; overall risk was greater for neutered versus sexually intact cats. Lethargy with or without fever was the most commonly diagnosed VAAE. No localized reactions recorded in the 30-day period were subsequently diagnosed as neoplasia when followed for 1 to 2 years.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although overall VAAE rates were low, young adult neutered cats that received multiple vaccines per office visit were at the greatest risk of a VAAE within 30 days after vaccination. Veterinarians should incorporate these findings into risk communications and limit the number of vaccinations administered concurrently to cats.
Academic information centers
Authors: Lunin Lois F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe university relationships and activities of 67 presently operating academic information analysis centers have been explored; their activities seem much the same as those in nonacademic settings. All appear to be engaged in the full spectrum of information handling. The establishment, organization, and technical requirements of four academic information analysis centers in the Neurological Information Network are described; one is discussed in detail. Experience in this center and others has shown that two elements of the academic information center require further definition: the activities of the scientists, and the relationship of the center to the administration of the university. Experience has also shown that an information center can exert a unifying effect in a field of education or research where such unity does not presently exist within the university. Twenty‐four suggestions are offered for administering on academic information center. Academic medical information centers are in a unique position to help cope with some of the information problems that beset today's biomedical researchers and practitioners.
Representing characters to computers
Authors: Price C. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInformation systems requiring special, extended character sets and/or special input/output devices require special attention to character representation (CR). Three CR's are usually involved: input, storage, and output. The storage CR is central, and system designers should plan it carefully to minimize storage space, program complexity, and execution time. Plans should include consideration of provisions for future expansion of the character set and/or change in I/O devices. Approaches to CR can be with fixed or variable length bit strings on binary machines. This paper delineates six different CR methods and discusses attributes of each in relation to information system requirements.
Biomedical literature: analysis of journal articles collected by a radiation‐ and cell‐biologist
Authors: Leith John D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe author's journal reference cards for 1965 and 1966 were analysed according to three “interest patterns”: (I) the total collection of 1469 article titles, a “potentially useful” set; (II) a subset concerning only his research specialty (deoxyribonucleic acid, histone, chromosomes, or radiation); and (III) a subset of articles defined as “useful” (those actually read by March, 1967). For each pattern, journals were ranked by frequency of use and a scatter diagram was drawn.Patterns I and II largely resembled patterns obtained by counting citations in basic journals or by counting publications of selected researchers. Pattern III was more widely scattered. It is concluded that access to diverse journals is needed by researchers to supply new ideas, and that this diversity of reading is not reflected adequately by citation counting or other indirect means.Current Contents, used by the author for current‐awareness purposes in building his card file, generated 88% of all articles. Scatter diagrams indicated the decreased scatter predicted from its use.The 30 most important journals in this collection, including about 80% of titles, are ranked for each pattern.
A quantitative comparison of conventional information compression techniques in dental literature
Authors: Lynn Kenneth C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn actual word count was made of 93 articles from the dental literature and compared with their homo‐morphic transformations, i.e., abstracts and index citations. It was determined that the average article of 1,963 words was compressed into an abstract of 178 words, an index citation with tracings of 30 words, and an index citation of 18 words. A mathematical model was used to demonstrate the homomorphic reduction ratio.
Guest editorial
Authors: Elias A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAD is pleased to devote this editorial to the activities of the United States of America Standards Institute Committee Z39 on library work, documentation, and related publishing practices. This committee has been very active and productive over the past years and, beginning in January 1969, will initiate a new and expanded program of standardization in the above fields which are of vital interest to the ASIS membership.
On‐line access to information: NSF as an aid to the indexer/cataloger
Authors: Bennelt John L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWhen adding a document to a collection, an indexer should choose a representation which makes evident both the content of the document and its relation to other documents already in the collection. Toward this end, the Negotiated Search Facility (NSF) makes possible indexer‐controlled retrieval of information from a collection data base using tools beyond those available in a traditional bibliographic catalog. The design philosophy of NSF is to offer a framework to guide the indexer while allowing him freedom to retrieve any data which he iudges will help him make indexing decisions. An example which indicates how an indexer might use the facility also shows how the display formats and command language promote interaction. While the discussion is directed toward indexing, it should be clear that the facility would be equally useful to a searcher.