bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of human glioma cells to cytotoxic heteroconjugates
Authors: Colombatti Marco , Bisconti Massimo , Dell'Arciprete Lorena , Gerosa Massimo A. , Tridente Giuseppe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral anti‐human glioma cytotoxic conjugates were studied in vitro. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the GE 2 gliomaassociated antigen (anti‐GE 2) and MAbs to HLA‐DR antigens (D1/12) or human diferric transferrin (Tfn) were linked to the potent cytotoxin ricin (anti‐GE 2‐ricin) or to its A subunit (anti‐GE 2‐RTA, D1/12‐RTA, Tfn‐RTA). Anti‐GE 2‐RTA had low cytotoxic activity in both the absence and the presence of lysosomotropic substances inhibiting intracellular degradation. Anti‐GE 2‐rich was about 1,000 times more toxic than RTA alone, but showed only 14‐fold target specificity. D1/12‐RTA was about 20 times more toxic than RTA and its cytotoxic effect increased about 6‐ to 7‐fold when cell‐surface HLADR antigen expression was enhanced by IFN‐γ treatment. Human diferric Tfn linked to RTA demonstrated the highest cytotoxic activity, being about 5,000 times more toxic than RTA alone for glioma cells and about 6,000 times more toxic for Jurkat cells in the presence of the carboxylic ionofore monensin. Rich toxin was only about 5 times more toxic for Jurkat and glioma cells than Tfn‐RTA‐monensin. Tfn‐RTA was over 100,000 times more potent than the chemotherapeutic agent BCNU in reducing glioma cell survival in vitro. Addition of 80% human pooled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reduced Tfn‐RTA toxicity about 10‐fold. Kinetics of Tfn‐RTA cytotoxicity at non‐saturating concentrations indicated that over 80% of target cells could be killed within 8–10 hr in the absence and within 10–12 hr in the presence of human pooled CSF.
Liposoluble vitamins and lipid parameters in breast cancer. A joint study in northern Italy and southern France
Authors: Gerber Mariette , Cavallo Franco , Marubini Ettore , Richardson Sylvia , Barbieri Angelo , Capitelli Enrica , Costa Alberto , De Paulet André Crastes , De Paulet Pierrette Crastes , Decarli Adriano , Pastorino Ugo , Pujol Henri 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between breast cancer, liposoluble vitamins, cholesterol and triglycerides was investigated by means of a hospital‐based case‐control study conducted at Milan (Italy) and Montpellier (France). These parameters were measured in blood samples taken from 319 cases and 344 controls. The interview included an evaluation of dietary intake of liposoluble vitamins. No difference emerged in liposoluble vitamin consumption, whereas a statistically significantly higher serum level of cholesterol and plasma level of vitamin E existed in cases compared to controls. The difference in plasma vitamin E was confirmed after adjustment for total cholesterol and triglycerides. In contrast, vitamin A variations appear to follow triglyceride trends. A multivariate analysis of the vitamin E plasma level was performed after classification of cases and controls according to quintile distribution of controls. All known risk factors plus age, serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were used as covariates. The odds ratio value for the highest quintile of plasma vitamin E is: 4.2 (1.9–9.0).
Familial and sporadic breast cancer cases in Iceland: A comparison related to ABO blood groups and risk of bilateral breast cancer
Authors: Tryggvadottir Laufey , Tulinius Hrafn , Robertson James McD. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study was aimed at determining whether the familial clustering often observed in breast cancer is associated with genetic factors. We compared familial and sporadic breast cancer cases with respect to ABO blood group distribution and the risk of bilateral disease, using the data from the lcelandic Cancer Registry which contains genealogical information for about 30% of the breast cancer cases diagnosed in lceland since 1911. Cases were classified as familial if at least one first‐degree relative had breast cancer. Using this criterion, we identified 184 familial cases and 572 sporadic cases. The familial cases had a 2‐fold higher prevalence of blood group B than did the sporadic cases, and the frequency of this blood group in non‐affected relatives of cases was significantly reduced. Familial cases were about 2.7 times more likely to suffer from bilateral breast cancer than were the sporadic patients. These results support the presence of a genetic factor in the etiology of familial breast cancer.
Amplification of the EGF receptor and c‐myc genes in human esophageal cancers
Authors: Lu Shih‐Hsin , Hsieh Ling‐Ling , Luo Feng‐Chi , Weinstein I. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of esophageal cancer is extremely high in Linxian County and certain other regions of the People's Republic of China. Epidemiologic and laboratory studies suggest that N‐nitroso carcinogens and other environmental factors play a causative role. In the present study, employing over 100 DNA samples obtained from Lin‐xian patients who underwent surgery for esophageal cancer, we have found a significant frequency of amplification of either the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER‐I) gene or the c‐myc oncogene. These changes were found not only in tumor specimens, but also in adjacent non‐tumor (grossly normal) tissue specimens obtained from patients with esophageal cancer. RNA samples were also obtained from over 30 tissue samples. These revealed considerable variation in the abundance of HER‐I and c‐myc transcripts in both the tumor and adjacent non‐tumor specimens. A few samples revealed extremely high levels of these transcripts. Thus, changes in gene copy number or level of expression of HER‐I or c‐myc DNA sequences may play an important role in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer in this high‐risk region.
The international incidence of childhood cancer
Authors: Parkin D. M. , Stiller C. A. , Draper G. J. , Bieber C. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe International Agency for Research on Cancer has coordinated a worldwide study of the incidence of cancer in childhood. Contributors from over 50 countries have provided data. This paper presents a summary of some of the major results. The incidence rates and relative frequencies of childhood cancers are described according to I2 diagnostic groups, defined mainly in terms of tumour morphology. Variations in the risk of those tumours between different countries and different ethnic groups provide important information on the relative importance of environmental and genetic factors in their aetiology.
DNA content and genetic evolution of human colorectal adenocarcinoma. A study by flow cytometry and cytogenetic analysis
Authors: Remvikos Y. , Mulens M. , Vielh Ph. , Salmon R. J. , Dutrillaux B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have conducted in parallel DNA flow cytometry (FCM) and cytogenetic (CG) analysis of a series of surgical specimens from 35 human colorectal adenocarcinomas. An excellent quantitative correlation was observed (r = 0.99) between modal peak values of FCM histograms and chromosome counts. This observation confirms that aneuploidy, as defined by FCM, accurately reflects the deviation from diploidy of the genomic DNA. FCM‐derived DNA patterns have been analyzed in the context of the clonal chromosomal evolution determined by CG analysis. In the metaphases of a given tumor, even if karyotypes of different ploidy exist, the presence of identical marker chromosomes suggests a common origin for the multiple populations observed by FCM. Thus, heterogeneity in DNA content within a tumor, including the polyploidization step, would be indicative of genetic evolution.
Human breast and colon carcinomas express cysteine proteinase activities with pro‐aggregating and pro‐coagulant properties
Authors: Grignani Guido , Falanga Anna , Pacchiarini Lucia , Alessio Maria Grazia , Zucchella Marisa , Fratino Pietro , Donati Maria Benedetta 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have investigated concomitantly the pro‐aggregating and pro‐coagulant activities of II breast and 2 colon human carcinomas. Tumor tissues, obtained at surgery, were immediately processed to prepare tumor‐cell suspensions for the study of aggregating activity and tissue extracts for the study of procoagulant capacity. Nine carcinomas (8 breast and I colon) possessed a high, dose‐dependent platelet‐aggregating activity, which was present in the cell‐free supernatant and was inhibited by HgCI2 and iodoacetic acid, specific cysteine proteinase inhibitors, while apyrase and hirudin had no significant effect; in contrast, the other tumors did not aggregate platelets. All the tumor extracts tested from 12 carcinomas (II breast and I colon) were able to activate blood coagulation in both the presence and the absence of F VII. The activity was inhibited by HgCI2 and iodoacetamide, while Con A was less effective. Therefore, these tumors do not aggregate platelets through the production of ADP or thrombin, nor promote blood coagulation through the production and release of tissue factor; a tumor‐associated cysteine proteinase plays a major role in both pro‐aggregating and pro‐coagulant activities.
Formation of DNA adducts in human skin maintained in short‐term organ culture and treated with coal‐tar, creosote or bitumen
Authors: Schoket Bernadette , Hewer Alan , Grover Philip L. , Phillips David H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdult and foetal human skin samples maintained in shortterm organ culture were treated topically with solutions of coal‐tar, creosote or bitumen, then DNA was isolated and analysed by 32P‐post‐labelling for the presence of aromatic DNA adducts. Autoradiographs of the 32P‐labelled adducts resolved on polyethyleneimine‐cellulose tlc sheets revealed a band of radioactivity indicative of the formation of adducts by a large number of components in these complex carcinogenic mixtures. Single doses of the materials, similar to those used to initiate tumours in experimental animals, resulted in the formation of approximately 0.3 fmol total adducts/μg DNA. The levels of adducts formed in human skin are thus similar to those formed in mouse skin after administration of doses known to be carcinogenic to the latter. The results provide direct evidence of DNA damage in human skin by materials strongly suspected of being carcinogenic to humans, and point to a method for evaluating other complex mixtures of aromatic chemicals for their potential carcinogenic hazard.
Rapid selection of cultured cells with increased expression of a membrane marker (secretory component)
Authors: Kvale Dag , Bartek Jiri , Sollid Ludvig M. , Brandtzaeg Per 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study showed how immunomagnetic monodisperse microspheres (Dynabeads) can be used for rapid selection of stable and homogeneous sublines of cancer cells. The beads were activated with antibody to a specific surface membrane marker. We used a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to human secretory component (SC), the epithelial receptor for polymeric immunoglobulins (plg). A relatively low number of particles favored rosetting of strongly positive cells. SC‐expressing cells were isolated within 30 min from a colonic carcinoma cell line (HT‐29.E10). After 13 months of continuous culture the selected cells had a 15 times higher cellular content and a 10 times higher secretory rate of SC than parallel cultures of the original cell line. Immunomagnetic microspheres can be recommended in experimental cancer research, e. g., in order to minimize cellular heterogeneity and to isolate cells with particular surface membrane phenotypes in differentiation studies. The selection method is rapid and simple, and eliminates laborious test systems for conventional subclone screening.
Epidemiology of HTLV‐i in gabon (western equatorial Africa)
Authors: Delaporte Eric , Dupont Alain , Peeters Martine , Josse Richard , Merlin Marcel , Schrijvers Dirk , Hamono Bernard , Bedjabaga Léonard , Cheringou Henri , Boyer Franck , Brun‐Vézinet Françoise , Larouzé Bernard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 1986 a survey to determine the distribution of HTLV‐I infection was conducted in Gabon in a representative sample of adults and children. Five samples were taken in adults and 2 samples in children living in urban and rural areas. Samples were taken by the cluster sampling technique, i. e., clusters of randomly selected households. Sera were tested for IgG antibodies to HTLV‐I by ELISA. ELISA‐positive sera were retested by Western blot. The study comprised 1,874 adults and 6B4 children, all apparently healthy. In the adults the crude prevalence rates of anti‐HTLV‐I antibodies ranged from 5.0% in urban areas to 10.5% in the southern province. In rural areas, the age‐adjusted prevalence rate (9.1%) was significantly higher than in urban areas (5.0%) (p<0.01), In children there was no significant difference between urban (2.4%) and rural (2.0%) prevalence rates. Prevalence increased with age but was not related to sex. This survey shows that HTLV‐I infection is common in Gabon but varies considerably by region.
DNA flow cytometric analysis indicates that many breast cancers detected in the first round of mammographic screening have a low malignant potential
Authors: Kallioniemi Olli‐Pekka , Kärkkäinen Alpo , Auvinen Ossi , Mattila Jorma , Koivula Timo , Hakama Matti 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn organized mammographic screening program covered 8,690 women from selected birth cohorts (aged 50–59) in the Tampere University Central Hospital district. Forty‐four breast cancer cases were detected in the first round of mammographic screening, which is 3.7 times the expected annual number of new cases in this population. To evaluate the proliferative kinetics and biological properties of these cancers, DNA flow cytometric analysis was carried out in 37 of the screen detected cancers (SDCs) using 60 clinically detected stage 1–11 cancers and 30 screen‐detected benign lesions as reference. DNA aneuploidy was observed in 17/37 (46%) of the SDCs as compared to 41/60 (68%) in the clinical controls (p < 0.05), while all the benign lesions were DNA‐diploid. The median S‐phase fraction (SPF) in the SDCs was significantly (P < 0.001) lower (3.5%) than in the clinical controls (9.6%). Differences in SPF persisted in subgroups defined by DNA ploidy and histological type. In stage‐I SDCs the median SPF value (2.5%) approached that of benign tumors (1.9%). Our epidemiological and biological data indicate that the first round of mammography predominantly detects prevalent preclinical lesions, some of which are of very low malignant potential. At present such patients may often receive too extensive treatment. DNA flow cytometry could help in the identification of cases which could be treated, for example, by breast‐conserving methods.
Relationship between DNA ploidy, antigen expression and survival in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Oosterwijk E. , Warnaar S. O. , Zwartendijk J. , Van Velde E. A. Der , Fleuren G. J. , Cornelisse C. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumor ploidy and expression of renal differentiation antigens as recognized by a previously described series of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (RC2, RC3, RC4, RC38, RC69, RC154 and G250) were assessed in 48 renal‐cell carcinomas. A positive association was found between aneuploidy and development of metastases. Aneuploid tumors showed a loss of antigen expression more frequently than diploid tumors. This difference was statistically significant for antigens recognized by RC3 and RC69. Loss of RC154 reactivity was associated with increased metastatic potential. Clinical stage was the most powerful single prognostic variable but ploidy and RC3 reactivity carried additional prognostic information.
Interleukin‐1 and tumor necrosis factor production by tumor‐associated mononuclear leukocytes and peripheral mononuclear leukocytes in cancer patients
Authors: Economou James S. , Colquhoun Steven D. , Anderson Timothy M. , McBride William W. , Golub Sidney , Holmes E. Carmack , Morton Donald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe production of interleukin‐I (IL‐I) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by tumor‐associated mononuclear leukocytes (TAML) and peripheral mononuclear leukocytes (PBML) from 9 otherwise untreated patients with a variety of malignancies (lung, sarcoma, stomach, renal) was assessed. Cells were cultured for 24 hr in vitro in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and IL‐I and TNF levels were measured in culture supernatants. TNF production was comparable between TAMLs and PBMLs. However, a striking defect in IL‐I production by TAMLs was noted. There was no basal production of IL‐I and LPS‐stimulated TAMLs produced only 1% the amount of IL‐I produced by LPS‐stimulated PBMLs.
Plasma membrane lipid composition of vinblastine sensitive and resistant human leukaemic lymphoblasts
Authors: May George L. , Wright Lesley C. , Dyne Marlen , MacKinnon Wanda B. , Fox Richard M. , Mountford Carolyn E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlasma membranes purified 32‐ to 45‐fold were isolated from leukaemic T‐lymphoblasts, both sensitive and resistant to the Vinca alkaloid vinblastine. On development of drug resistance there was a very significant elevation of ether lipid content. I‐0‐alkyl phospholipid increased by 200% with a smaller 30% increase in I‐0‐alkenyl phospholipid. Cholesterol and phospholipid levels were also found to increase by 50% and 30% respectively, while the lipid to protein ratio increased by 60%. More modest changes were observed in the fatty acid composition of the membranes, with an alteration in the double bond index from 35.3 to 41.2. These lipid changes may have important implications in the changes to membrane permeability that develop with drug resistance.
Cultured, aids‐related Kaposi's sarcoma cells express endothelial cell markers and are weakly malignant in vitro
Authors: Roth Willy Kurt , Werner Sabine , Risau Werner , Remberger Klaus , Hofschneider Peter Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUp to 30% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) suffer from Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS‐KS). The histogenesis and neoplastic nature of this tumor is still controversial. We have established cell cultures of KS biopsies from 7 patients with AIDS. All donors were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus I (HIV‐I), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). The tumors were histologically shown to be KS. Cell cultures derived from these tumors all expressed the endothelial cell marker BMA 120 antigen. Most of these cultures were positive for acetylated low‐density lipoprotein (acLDL) uptake and alkaline phosphatase (AP) expression, and negative for factor‐VIII‐related antigen (FVIII‐RAg). The staining pattern was heterogeneous with respect to number of endothelial cell markers expressed in each culture. We conclude from subcloning experiments that the cultured cells cease to express acLDL receptor and AP, but not the antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody (MAb) BMA 120. The cells grew well in culture up to 50 passages and showed a fibroblast‐like morphology. Assays performed to investigate their degree of malignancy revealed a significantly increased passage number under reduced serum conditions as compared to normal fibroblasts but no tumor formation in nude mice. Neither HIV, HBV nor CMV sequences were found in any of the cell lines tested. We conclude that AIDS‐KS is an endothelial‐cell‐derived neoplasm of low malignancy and that HIV, HBV and CMV are not directly involved in its genesis.
Evaluation of four CD22 antibodies as ricin a chain‐containing immunotoxins for the in vivo therapy of human B‐cell leukemias and lymphomas
Authors: Shen Guo‐Liang , Li Jia‐Ling , Ghetie Maria‐Ana , Ghetie Victor , May Richard D. , Till Mark , Brown Alex N. , Relf Michele , Knowles Phillip , Uhr Jonathan W. , Janossy George , Amlot Peter , Vitetta Ellen S. , Thorpe Philip E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRicin A chain‐containing immunotoxins (IT‐As) specific for the human B‐cell antigen, CD22, were prepared from 4 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) or their Fab′ fragments: RFB4, HD6, UV22‐1 and UV22‐2. The ITs were tested for their ability to kill cells from the Burkitt lymphoma line, Daudi, the pre‐B‐cell leukemia line, NALM‐6, and the myeloma cell line, ARH‐77. Daudi expresses high levels of CD22, whereas NALM‐6 and ARH‐77 express low levels of CD22. The IgG‐RFB4‐A was highly toxic to all 3 cell lines; it killed 50% of the Daudi cells at a concentration of 1.2 × 10‐12 M and 50% of NALM‐6 and ARH‐77 cells at concentrations of 1.5 to 2.1 × 10 −11 M. IgG‐RFB4‐A was 10–30 times more toxic to Daudi cells than were the IgG‐As constructed from the other 3 CD22 MAbs and 10 times more toxic than ricin itself. IT‐As constructed from the Fab′ fragments of the 4 CD22 antibodies were 2 to 5 times less toxic to Daudi cells than their IgG‐A counterparts. Fab′‐RFB4‐A was twice as toxic to Daudi cells as ricin, whereas the other Fab′‐As were about 7 times less toxic than ricin. Scatchard analyses of the binding of the radio‐iodinated antibodies to Daudi cells showed that the intact RFB4 antibody bound 3–10 times more strongly than the other antibodies, whereas the Fab′‐RFB4 bound 1.2 to 3.5 times more strongly than the Fab′ fragments prepared from the other antibodies. Thus, the potent cytotoxic activity of the RFB4‐As appears to derive, in part, from their superior binding affinity. Prior studies have shown that UV22‐1 and HD6 cross‐react with certain normal human tissues lacking cells of B‐cell lineage, whereas UV22‐2 and RFB4 are B‐cell‐specific. This fact, together with its superior potency as an IT‐A, suggests that RFB4 is the antibody of choice for preparing Fab′‐As or IgG‐As for in vivo therapy of human B‐cell leukemias and lymphomas.
The value of screening as an approach to cervical cancer control in iceland, 1964‐1986
Authors: Sigurdsson Kristjan , Adalsteinsson Stefan , Tulinius Hrafn , Ragnarsson Jonas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of screening for cervical cancer on time trends in incidence and mortality from that disease, and the occurrence of pre‐invasive cervical lesions during the period 1964–1986, were analyzed. After commencement of screening in 1964 all the above parameters increased for a short initial period but then fell markedly. From 1980, coinciding with a sharp rise in regular attendance rate, there was an increase in incidence up to 1984, followed by a decrease. The rate of pre‐invasive stages also increased from 1980, but appears to be levelling off. The cervical cancer mortality rate decreased significantly during the study period. In more recent years, a shift in the occurrence of cervical cancer and pre‐invasive lesions from older to younger women has been observed. Screening still appears to be effective in the control of squamous‐cell carcinomas of stages 1 B and over, but not of adeno‐ and adeno‐squamous carcinomas.