bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flash floods in desert rivers: Studying the unexpected
Authors: Reid Ian , Powell D. Mark , Laronne Jonathan B. , Garcia Celso 
Published: October 2006

Flash floods in desert ephemeral streams are unpredictable, infrequent, and shortlived. Although some observations of flood bores have been reported [e.g., Hassan, 1990], there is little quantitative data on the hydraulic and sediment transport dynamics of desert flash floods, despite the fact that desert streams pose many problems for river and reservoir management [Tolouie et al., 19937rsqb;. Furthermore, it has been suspected for some time that rates of sediment transfer might differ markedly in ephemeral and perennial rivers [e.g., Reid and Frostick, 1987; Schick et al., 1987].Today, because of concern over prospective climate change, water resource issues are the subject of lively debate. Since current understanding and models of sediment dynamics derived from perennial streams may not be readily applicable to ephemeral flows, there is an urgent need for improved understanding of the dynamics of dryland rivers.
Gravity field over the former Soviet Union mapped
Authors: Makedonskii Efim L. , Balmino Georges , Galazin Victor F. , Kogan Mikhail G. , McNutt Marcia K. , Fairhead J. Derek 
Published: October 2006

The gravity field of our planet's largest continental land mass was virtually terra incognita for most scientists prior to the creation of a data set now available in the public domain.Recently, the 1°×1° averaged free‐air gravity anomalies over the former Soviet Union (FSU) were placed at the Bureau Gravimetrique International as an “open file” by the International Scientific Environmental Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The survey to develop the data set cost more than $2 billion.
Submarine volcanism and hydrothermal venting studied in Papua, New Guinea
Authors: Herzig Peter , Hannington Mark , McInnes Brent , Stoffers Peter , Villinger Heinrich , Seifert Richard , Binns Ray , Liebe Thomas 
Published: October 2006

From March 11 to April 5,1994, the German research vessel Sonne mapped the largely uncharted offshore areas of the Tabarto‐Feni island chain in the New Ireland Basin of Papua, New Guinea. The Epithermal Deposits Southwestern Pacific Ocean (EDISON) cruise was organized as part of a multidisciplinary program to study the regional tectonic setting of the Tabar‐to‐Feni chain, to document recent submarine volcanism, and to investigate seafloor hydrothermal activity on the submerged flanks of the volcanos.The New Ireland Basin occupies a forearcposition with respect to the formerly active Manus‐Kilinailau arc‐trench system and hosts a series of Pliocene to recent alkaline volcanos that are built on rifted Miocene sedimentary basement. Several of the volcanos have large, high‐level porphyry stocks, and several have active geothermal systems, including gold‐depositing hot springs and the giant Ladolam gold deposit on the island of Lihir.
Indian Ocean may have El Ni˜o of its own
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may have more far‐reaching effects on the global climate than researchers used to think. Not only the Pacific Ocean, but the Indian Ocean experiences cyclical fluctuations in upper ocean temperature that have repercussions for the world's weather, according to a new analysis of surface and subsurface temperature, data confirming the phenomenon for the first time.In fact, the two oceans may be linked in a related pattern that occurs over a 3‐ to 7‐year period, scientists reported last week at AGU's Fall Meeting in San Francisco.
Hunsucker takes helm of Radio Science
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Robert D. Hunsucker of the University of Alaska has been named editor of Radio Science for a term extending through 1998. He succeeds David Chang of the Polytechnic University in Boston.Hunsucker's goals as editor are to maintain the status of Radio Science as a prestigious international journal and to increase the journal circulation. Hunsucker also hopes to shorten the time between manuscript submission and publication. He acknowledges that these goals can be met only with the continued help and cooperation of associate editors, reviewers, and contributors to Radio Science.
AGU Budget and Finance Committee Meeting highlights
Authors: Colbeck Samuel C. 
Published: October 2006

AGU received a clean bill of financial health from the Budget and Finance Committee, which held a biannual meeting November 10 and 11. In fact, financial statements through September of 1994 reveal an unexpected net gain in operations of $514K due to some unbudgeted income from special fees.Although the final accounting for the construction of AGU's new headquarters awaits some details to be completed, the building is still under budget. At worst, remaining costs could result in a 1.8% overrun of the original estimate; however, that is not expected, according to the Committee, which is responsible for development of the budget, monitoring performance against the budget, and managing AGU's invested funds.
NAUDUR explorers discover recent volcanic activity along the East Pacific Rise
Authors: Auzende Jean‐Marie , Sinton John 
Published: October 2006

Surveying an ultra‐fast spreading ridge along the East Pacific Rise (EPR), explorers aboard the submersible Nautile examined features such as lava pillows and tubes, sulfide chimneys, black smokers, hot shimmering waters, and colonies of animals living in hydrothermal vents to learn more about the processes of accretion and tectonics on the ocean floor. Taken together, the observations of the EPR between 17°S and 19°S from the 1993 NAUDUR cruise (a French acronym for Nautile on Ultra‐fast Ridge) indicate recent volcanic eruptions occurring as frequently as every few years.The NAUDUR cruise was designed to study the interaction between magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes at an ultra‐fast spreading axis of the EPR. Researchers performing twenty three dives in five regions (Figure 1) along the axis of the Garrett fracture zone collected more than 150 rock samples and made 52 gravity measurements [Auzende et al., 1994]. The Garrett fracture zone (13°S) and the Easter Microplate limit a large segment of the East Pacific Rise where the accretion rate is near the upper limit for present‐day spreading values (141 to 162mm/yr) [Perram et al., 1993]. The five dive regions with distinct morphological characteristics represent different stages in the accretion process.
Could a new attitude among scientists advance marine research?
Authors: Carrera Galo 
Published: October 2006

The article “New Law of the Sea Could Facilitate Marine Scientific Research” by John Knauss (Eos, November 8) touches upon several important points that, in my view, require further comment.I concur with Knauss's position that entering into the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea of 1982 (UNCLOS III) may facilitate marine scientific research. However, to achieve this goal, the host and visiting nations must develop trust and shared interest in the research programs, and international scientific organizations (both governmental and non‐governmental) must become involved.
Scientists need better tools to measure water vapor
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

More than any other greenhouse gas, water vapor controls the thermostat of Earth. Yet we still have a lot to learn about this simple molecule that plays a diverse and dynamic role, according to a special report released in December by AGU.Our ability to measure water vapor in the atmosphere is inadequate, noted Dian Gaffen, a convener of the October 1994 Chapman Conference on water vapor and a meteorologist at the Air Resources Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Gaffen presented the special report, entitled “Water Vapor in the Climate System,” on December 14 at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco. The 15‐page report distills the presentations and discussions witnessed at the Chapman Conference down to a synopsis that can be read by teachers, students, and policymakers.
Cecil Green receives Smith Medal
Authors: Press Frank , Green Cecil 
Published: October 2006

The Waldo E. Smith Medal, which is awarded for extraordinary service to geophysics, was presented to Cecil H. Green at the 1994 AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony on December 7, 1994 in San Francisco. The award citation and Green's response are given here.“It would take a book to do justice to Cecil Green's extraordinary contributions to the geophysics and electronics industries, to the training of scientists, physicians, and engineers, and to strengthening education and research institutions. In fact, such a book has been written about Cecil's multiple lives as engineer, geophysicist, cofounder of Texas Instruments, and partner with his wife, Ida, in international philanthropy.
Strides made in understanding Antarctic stratigraphy and Cenozoic glacial history
Authors: Cooper Alan , Webb Peter , Brancolini Giuliano 
Published: October 2006

It is known that the Antarctic ice sheet greatly affected global climate, sea‐level, ocean circulation, and Southern Hemisphere biota during Cenozoic times, but until recently, how remained largely a mystery. Because few Cenozoic rocks are exposed on the Antarctic continent, the only way to investigate the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet was through isotopic studies on distant deep‐ocean sediments. The success of these studies was limited—isotopic studies and low‐latitude sea level variation yielded different glacial ice volumes.To take study of Cenozoic Antarctic glaciations and their effects a step further, the Antarctic Offshore Acoustic Stratigraphy project (ANTOSTRAT) assembled a contingent of geoscientists from over 100 institutions in 32 countries. Since 1989, they have compiled and analyzed offshore acoustic and geologic data from the Antarctic continental margin, amassing over 150,000 km of multichannel seismic reflection data, tens of thousands of kilometers of single‐channel, high‐resolution seismic data, and over 1000 cores.
Indo‐U.S. Workshop addresses geomagnetism in studies of the Earth's interior
Authors: Rajaram Mita , Heirtzler Jim 
Published: October 2006

Exploring possibilities for joint projects in geomagnetism was the focus of an Indo‐U.S. workshop on “Geomagnetism in Studies of the Earth's Interior” held in Pune, India, August 22–26, 1994. The 40 participants included delegates from 14 of India's major centers of geomagnetic research. Participants considered the meeting mutually beneficial and agreed that communication should continue through regular meetings.T. M. Mahadevan reviewed the deep crustal structure and crustal provinces of the Indian subcontinent. Seismic, gravity, electrical conductivity, and heat flow, as well as magnetic data were used to classify these provinces, which have the greatest Moho depths in the southern shield (45 km) and Himalayan (70 km) areas, and shallowest (20–30 km) along the western continental margin. The major plate tectonic features of the Indo‐Asian region were reviewed by M. N. Qureshy. He pointed out that gravity and magnetic data have revealed some possible suture zones in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Iran, and Pakistan. The Satpura Suture (Narmada‐Son lineament) of Peninsular India block is one of these.
Creating the next generation of Reference Earth Models
Authors: Novrotsky A. , Romanowicz B. , Richards M. , Weidner D. J. 
Published: October 2006

Global seismologists produce models of the Earth's interior that mineral physicists and geodynamicists use as reference for constraining compositional and dynamical properties of our planet. The reference seismological models must be reviewed from time to time to reflect state‐of‐the‐art knowledge about the internal structure of the Earth and to provide scientists in other fields with clear and useful information. In turn, the data and concepts of mineral physics and geodynamics provide potential constraints on Earth models.Geophysicists currently rely on a one‐dimensional seismological reference model, the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM), published by A. Dziewonski and D. Anderson in 1981. Because seismology and the demands of other fields have evolved vastly since PREM was created, geophysicists have been discussing the need for a next‐generation reference Earth model that incorporates new knowledge and trends in seismology, mineral physics, and geodynamics.
“characteristic” earthquakes may not be so characteristic after all
Authors: Wakefield Julie 
Published: October 2006

Talk about a missed forecast. Some 20 years ago, it was announced that accurate earthquake prediction was not only possible but right around the bend. Yet in the time since this proclamation was made, scientists have learned instead that the way the Earth moves is much more complex than they ever anticipated. Various quakes in the past year or so from Northridge to the Shikotan quake in the Kuril Islands to Kobe have indeed borne out the complexity of earthquake prediction and hazard assessment.Consequently, the community has started taking another look at longstanding models and theories about the movement of the Earth. Seismic gap theory, for one, has been widely debated in the Earth science community in recent years. The reigning wisdom holds that long, quiet fault segments—or seismic gaps—are the most likely sites for large earthquakes to occur in future decades along a given boundary zone. On the other hand, faults that have recently experienced a large quake, by the gap model, should rest quietly for many decades or centuries to come. Yet several teams of scientists maintain that there are serious shortcomings to this model.
Changing times call for rationalizing Earth observation
Authors: Wakefield Julie 
Published: October 2006

Svante Arrhenius was one of the first scientists to look at human influences on climate change. In the first years of this century, he posed the question whether burning fossil fuels might raise the Earth's surface temperature. Since his first study, however, scientists have only learned the profundity of his query, as well as that of the question's flip side: Does it really matter?Today, the world is indeed clamoring for better answers on global change. At the same time, the largest component of the U.S. global change research program may face another funding reduction. NASA's multibillion dollar Earth Observing System (EOS) has been mentioned throughout this year's budget talks as a target for savings by the Republican leadership. And last month House Science Committee chair Rep. Robert Walker (R‐Pa.) called for another batch of reviews of EOS by the National Academy of Sciences and NASA. Both sets of reviews are to be completed this summer.
Call for petition nominations for 1996–1998 Elections
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The nominees listed below are those of the Union and Section nominating committees and have been approved by the AGU Council.Additional nominations may be made by membership petition. All nominees must be Members or Fellows of the Union. Each petition must be accompanied by a letter in which the proposed nominee agrees to be a candidate and to serve if elected. There are no age, nationality, residence, or other analogous restrictions on who may serve as an officer. Petitions should be sent to the General Secretary, American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009. They must be received no later than July 21, 1995.
Conference offers fresh perspectives on magnetic storms
Authors: Kamide Y. 
Published: October 2006

Through the filters of interplanetary space and the magnetosphere/ionosphere, magnetic storms can be observed on the Earth's surface. These storms—one of the major disturbances that originate at the Sun—occur in the solar wind, the magnetosphere, and the ionosphere. They continue to baffle researchers.What causes them, how do they differ, and can we predict them? What are their effects on the magnetotail, and how do changes in the ionosphere influence the thermosphere? A group of interdisciplinary scientists gathered to study the physics of magnetic storms from October 6 to 8, 1994, in Rikubetsu, Hokkaido. Ironically, the conference was held 100 km from the epicenter of a M 8.1 earthquake that struck the area the day before. Rikubetsu was chosen as the meeting site to celebrate the anniversary of the appearance of a red aurora during the magnetic storm of October 1989.
[Comment on “Ward Off?”] Ward Valley Report deserves better coverage
Authors: Thompson George A. 
Published: October 2006

Eos, Transactions, AGU, which is bannered as “The Newspaper of the Geophysical Sciences,” carried an “In Brief” article in the issue of May 23 that does a serious disservice to the geophysical sciences. It was written in a flip editorial style that questioned the usefulness of the Ward Valley report (Secretary Babbitt found it useful enough to act decisively) and the integrity of the NAS/NRC committee members who wrote it.The 17 committee members, most of whom are AGU members, studied the issues as a public service at the request of the NAS in response to Babbitt's request. They documented the evidence and conclusions thoroughly in a report of over 200 pages. Surely, scientific input is needed for decisions about complex issues in our society.
Attendees “roasted” at Space Physics and Aeronomy dinner
Authors: Russell C. T. 
Published: October 2006

The Space Physics and Aeronomy Section's annual dinner was held during the Fall AGU meeting in December at San Francisco's Wu Kong restaurant. The Planetology section joined the SPA section for this year's event, but that's not why tickets for the dinner sold out so early this year; it was because of the many members hoping to receive one of the prestigious awards presented at the dinner each year.The first award presented was a serious one. The Fred Scarf award—which recognizes the year's most outstanding Ph.D. thesis—was received by UCLA's Vassilis Angelopoulos, who did his undergraduate work at the University of Thessaloniki in Greece [Angelopoulos, 1993]. SPA President Janet Luhmann also deserves congratulations for being able to pronounce Thessaloniki.
Project combines seismic and magnetotelluric surveying to address the Sierran root question
Authors: Park S. K. , Clayton R. W. , Ducea M. N. , Wernicke B. , Jones C. H. , Ruppert S. D. 
Published: October 2006

Mt. Whitney, the highest peak in the contiguous United States, lies less than 150 km from Death Valley, the nation's lowest point (Figure 1). Despite the nearness of these physiographic features, their geological settings vary markedly. What geologic processes lead to a high mountain range adjacent to a highly extending region? This is the Sierran root question; its answer depends on better understanding of the region's deep structure.Although the rocks exposed at the Sierra's surface have been well characterized, little is known about the rocks at depth and the tectonic processes that continue to shape Mt. Whitney and Death Valley. To study the region's deep structure, the Southern Sierra Continental Dynamics (SSCD) project was organized. In September 1993 an SSCD multidisciplinary consortium employed both magnetotelluric soundings and closely spaced seismic recorders in the High Sierra for the first time to examine the crustal and upper mantle structure of the Sierra Nevada and the adjacent Basin and Range.
Research recognized at CGU Meeting
Authors: Merriam J. B. 
Published: October 2006

The CGU met in Banff for its 21st annual meeting from May 22–26, 1995. Regular sessions of the CGU were augmented by new sessions in environmental physics, induced seismicity, and groundwater hydrology, and the hydrology section hosted an international Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment workshop that attracted hydrologists from around the world.The J. Tuzo Wilson Medal, which is awarded annualy by CGU to recognize outstanding contributions to geophysics in Canada, was awarded to Charlotte Keen for her research on the continental margins and sedimentary basins of the Atlantic. Keen, who is a Fellow of both the Royal Society of Canada and AGU, was an early practitioner of large‐scale marine seismic surveys and was involved in the first demonstration of seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. More recently, she has worked on thermal/mechanical models and their application to the rifted Atlantic continental margins.
AGU Meeting abstract volumes—Important change for 1996
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Beginning next year, abstract volumes for AGU meetings will be sent only to members who order them and who pay the delivery charges. Members can easily place their orders when they renew their dues for 1996. Institutional subscriptions will continue to include the abstract volumes.It has long been AGU's philosophy to keep dues low so that there is no economic barrier to membership for an interested scientist anywhere in the world. Even the current dues amount of $20 represents as much as a week's salary for some members. As an alternative to raising dues, and thereby excluding some individuals from participation in AGU, the number of products and services that are included in the dues has changed over the years.
Advances made in El Niño prediction
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

New research indicates that improvements in computer models and how they employ ocean data can make it possible to predict certain climatic conditions related to El Niño more than a year before the event.To develop the new approach for predicting El Niño conditions, Antonio Busalacchi of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Dake Chen of the University of Rhode Island, and Stephen Zebiak and Mark Cane of Columbia University's Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory used data from the recently completed 10‐year Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere project, an international research program that studied how Earth's oceans and atmosphere affect one another. The team's paper was published in the September 22 issue of Science.
Millard coffin is appointed Eos Tectonophysics editor
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Millard F. Coffin, of the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG), has been named the Tectonophysics Editor of Eos for a term extending through 1998. He succeeds Louise Kellogg of the University of California‐Davis.Recently, Coffin completed a term as associate editor for the solid Earth section of the Journal of Geophysical Research, and is looking forward to the move from a monthly to a weekly publication. His goal is are to serve the entire tectonophysics community, encompassing marine, terrestrial, and planetary research, through timely and frequent news items, a vigorous idea and results forum, and occasional review articles. He believes that the communication among field workers, experimentalists, and modelers afforded by Eos will benefit tectonophysicists strongly as well as effectively convey tectonophysics results to a broader audience.
Istook amendment would limit lobbying by nonprofits
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

So far, it is the amendment without a bill. But not for lack of trying.Named for its primary champion, freshman U.S. House Representative Ernest Istook (R‐Okla.), the amendment would further curb lobbying and political advocacy by any group that receives federal grants, including corporations, defense contractors, and nonprofit and tax‐exempt groups. So far, the measure has been brought up for inclusion in at least a half‐dozen bills in the House of Representatives, to no avail. At press time, the Istook amendment was being considered for inclusion in a bill that would require all professional lobbyists to register with the government and disclose their affiliations.