bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The digital divide in action: how experiences of digital technology shape future relationships with artificial intelligence
Authors: Bentley Sarah V. , Naughtin Claire K. , McGrath Melanie J. , Irons Jessica L. , Cooper Patrick S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The digital divide remains an ongoing societal concern, with digital exclusion shown to have a significantly detrimental impact on people’s quality of life. Artificial intelligence (AI), the latest wave of digitalisation, is being integrated into the fabric of society at an accelerated rate, the speed of which has prompted ethical concerns. Without addressing the digital divide, the AI revolution risks exacerbating the existing consequences of digital exclusion and limiting the potential for all people to reap the benefits provided by AI. To understand the factors that might contribute to experiences of AI, and how these might be related to digital exclusion, we surveyed a diverse online community sample (N = 303). We created a novel measure of digital confidence capturing individual levels of awareness, familiarity, and sense of competence with digital technology. Results indicated that measures of digital confidence were predicted by structural, behavioural, and psychological differences, such that women, older people, those on lower salaries, people with less digital access, and those with lower digital well-being, reported significantly less digital confidence. Furthermore, digital confidence significantly moderated the relationship between people’s experiences with everyday AI technologies and their general attitudes towards AI. This understanding of the spill-over effects of digital exclusion onto experiences of AI is fundamental to the articulation and delivery of inclusive AI.
Gender Tapestry: gender classification as color assignation
Authors: Rosenbaum J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Gender Tapestry is a multi-stage interactive AI art project, challenging traditional gender classification systems. This project diverges from binary approaches by recognizing the individuality of the gender experience and expression. This paper draws parallels to the ways color perception differs amongst people and how gender is also experienced in different ways due to lived experiences. Gender Tapestry uses a multi-label classification system, with predictions extending across six gender categories, with a custom RGB color generated based on the outcomes. Participants receive binary images of their face in their personalized colors and styles, while their uploaded photos contribute to a live Generative Adversarial Network training process. This work was created in response to the very binary representations of gender in AI and the lack of representation for genders outside of the binary. The culmination is an evolving mosaic artwork, incorporating all users' custom colors, illustrating gender as a fluid construct. The mosaic gains in complexity as more images are added and more colors enter the mix, creating a community artwork on gender as a 3D color spectrum. This work contributes to the discourse on diversity and inclusion in AI, emphasizing the fluidity of gender and fostering unconventional artistic representations.
Maize multi-omics reveal leaf water status controlling of differential transcriptomes, proteomes and hormones as mechanisms of age-dependent osmotic stress response in leaves
Authors: Niu Liangjie , Wang Wenkang , Li Yingxue , Wu Xiaolin , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDrought-induced osmotic stress severely affects the growth and yield of maize. However, the mechanisms underlying the different responses of young and old maize leaves to osmotic stress remain unclear. To gain a systematic understanding of age-related stress responses, we compared osmotic-stress-induced changes in maize leaves of different ages using multi-omics approaches. After short-term osmotic stress, old leaves suffered more severe water deficits than young leaves. The adjustments of transcriptomes, proteomes, and hormones in response to osmotic stress were more dynamic in old leaves. Metabolic activities, stress signaling pathways, and hormones (especially abscisic acid) responded to osmotic stress in an age-dependent manner. We identified multiple functional clusters of genes and proteins with potential roles in stress adaptation. Old leaves significantly accumulated stress proteins such as dehydrin, aquaporin, and chaperones to cope with osmotic stress, accompanied by senescence-like cellular events, whereas young leaves exhibited an effective water conservation strategy mainly by hydrolyzing transitory starch and increasing proline production. The stress responses of individual leaves are primarily determined by their intracellular water status, resulting in differential transcriptomes, proteomes, and hormones. This study extends our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant responses to osmotic stress.
Mapping the distribution of tension across paxillin upon shear stress with FRET-based biosensor
Authors: Shao Shuai , Deng Sha , Li Na , Zhang Zhengyao , Zhang Hangyu , Liu Bo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPaxillin communicates with multiple signalling molecules in focal adhesions (FAs) and participates in the intracellular force transmission upon shear stress. Thus, paxillin is likely to contribute to establishing the shear stress induced-cell polarity. However, it is still unclear whether the tension across FAs proteins can direct the polarity establishments by providing spatial features, due to a lack of efficient manners. This work proposes a visualization approach containing a DNA-encoded biosensor and fluorescent image processing algorithm to collect the spatiotemporal features of tension across paxillin. The results indicate that the tension across paxillin shows polarity between the upstream and downstream zones of the cell along the direction of shear stress, which was mediated by the membrane fluidity and integrity of the cytoskeleton. It demonstrates that the spatial information from the upper surface of cells upon shear stress can be transmitted to the interior of FAs on the basal layer by the architecture consisting of plasma membrane and cytoskeleton. Paxillin is a potential participant in activating cell polarity by providing a spatial mechanical guide to related signaling molecules upon shear stress.Graphical Abstract
Status of Sustainability Management Education in African MBA Programmes: A Web-based Research Approach
Authors: Muposhi Asphat , Shamhuyenhanzva Roy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that business schools in Africa are lagging behind in promoting sustainability education. Grand challenges that point to a limited focus on transformative sustainability education such as environmental pollution, conflicts, inequalities and unemployment still persist in African economies, with the profit motive remaining central to businesses’ operating philosophy. Informed by the clarion call for business schools to be key drivers of sustainability education, this study reviews the African master of business administration (MBA) curricula with the objective of assessing the status of sustainability management education. The content of the MBA curricula of 42 African business schools accredited with the Association of African Business Schools was analysed using a web-based research approach. The findings indicate that the concept of sustainability has not been sufficiently embedded into the African MBA curricula. The values and mission statements of the majority of business schools were found not to be aligned with the principles of sustainability education. It was also found that shareholder value oriented modules constitute the core curriculum of the majority of MBA programmes reviewed. An incremental elective approach was found to be the most dominant strategy used by African business schools to incorporate sustainability education in the MBA curricula. An integrative approach of embedding sustainability education focusing on re-orientation of the business schools’ values, mission, curriculum, systems, operations and governance is recommended. The increased use of experiential learning is also recommended as an effective teaching pedagogy for equipping MBA students with practical aspects of sustainability education.
Using the Five Safes to structure economic evaluations of data governance
Authors: Ritchie Felix , Whittard Damian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As the world has become more digitally dependent, questions of data governance, such as ethics, institutional arrangements, and statistical protection measures, have increased in significance. Understanding the economic contribution of investments in data sharing and data governance is highly problematic: outputs and outcomes are often widely dispersed and hard to measure, and the value of those investments is very context-dependent. The “Five Safes” is a popular data governance framework. It is used to design and critique data management strategies across the world and has also been used as a performance framework to measure the effectiveness of data access operations. We report on a novel application of the Five Safes framework to structure the economic evaluation of data governance. The Five Safes was designed to allow structured investigation into data governance. Combining this with more traditional logic models can provide an evaluation methodology that is practical, reproducible, and comparable. We illustrate this by considering the application of the combined logic model-Five Safes framework to data governance for agronomy investments in Ethiopia. We demonstrate how the Five Safes was used to generate the necessary context for a more traditional quantitative study, and consider lessons learned for the wider evaluation of data and data governance investments.
From Opposition to Creativity: Saba Mahmood's Decolonial Critique of Teleological Feminist Futures
Authors: Velji Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSaba Mahmood's anthropological work studies the gain in skills, agency, and capacity building by the women's dawa movement in Egypt. These women increase their virtue toward the goal of piety by following dominant, often patriarchal norms. Mahmood argues that “teleological feminism” ignores this gain in agency because this kind of feminism only focuses on opposition or resistance to these norms. In this paper I defend Mahmood's “anti-teleological” feminist work from criticisms that her project valorizes oppression and has no vision for a nonoppressive feminist future. I argue the future envisioned by teleological feminists gets caught in “the Hegelian” trap of replicating past oppression in their feminist future. I find in Mahmood's work the tools to escape this trap. I argue, rather than a movement of overcoming oppression, Mahmood's work suggests an immanent and creative movement that emphasizes difference for a truly new future. I turn to a Bergsonian metaphor and argue that this movement can be seen as akin to the movement of biological evolution. I conclude using the work of Eve Sedgwick that the Egyptian women that Mahmood studies are being read in a “paranoid” fashion and demonstrate using Leila Ahmed a better “reparative” reading of these women.
Nourishing food, clean air and exercise: medical debates over environment and polar hygiene on Robert Falcon Scott’s British National Antarctic expedition, 1901–1904
Authors: Armston-Sheret Edward 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe late nineteenth and early twentieth century saw dramatic new developments in climatic medicine, particularly the institutionalisation of thinking about tropical hygiene. There were also more limited efforts to understand how hygiene theories should be applied in a polar environment. Studying the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901–1904), led by Robert Falcon Scott, helps us understand how these practices had both similarities and differences from applications of hygiene in other contexts. The expedition offers unique insights into debates about hygiene, environment, and health because of the important, and well documented, role that medics, naval officers and scientists played in organising logistical arrangements for the journey to Antarctica. In analysing the writings of expedition members and organisers, this paper examines the ways that the universal tools of hygiene theories were applied and developed in a polar environment. Many of the most acute threats seemed to come not from the outside environment but from the explorers’ supplies and equipment. There was general agreement on many issues. Yet the expedition’s organisers, medics and leadership had numerous arguments about the best way to preserve or restore health. These disagreements were the product of both competing medical theories about the cause of disease and the importance of embodied (and somewhat subjective) observations in establishing the safety of foods, atmospheres and environments in this period.
Predicting the scaling relations between the dark matter halo mass and observables from generalised profiles I: Kinematic tracers
Authors: Sullivan A. , Power C. , Bottrell C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigate the relationship between a dark matter halo’s mass profile and measures of the velocity dispersion of kinematic tracers within its gravitational potential. By predicting the scaling relation of the halo mass with the aperture velocity dispersion,

$M_\mathrm{vir} - \unicode{x03C3}_\mathrm{ap}$

, we present the expected form and dependence of this halo mass tracer on physical parameters within our analytic halo model: parameterised by the halo’s negative inner logarithmic density slope,

$\unicode{x03B1}$

, its concentration parameter, c, and its velocity anisotropy parameter,

$\unicode{x03B2}$

. For these idealised halos, we obtain a general solution to the Jeans equation, which is projected over the line of sight and averaged within an aperture to form the corresponding aperture velocity dispersion profile. Through dimensional analysis, the

$M_\mathrm{vir} - \unicode{x03C3}_\mathrm{ap}$

scaling relation is devised explicitly in terms of analytical bounds for these aperture velocity dispersion profiles: allowing constraints to be placed on this relation for motivated parameter choices. We predict the

$M_{200} - \unicode{x03C3}_\mathrm{ap}$

and

$M_{500} - \unicode{x03C3}_\mathrm{ap}$

scaling relations, each with an uncertainty of

$60.5\%$

and

$56.2\%$

, respectively. These halo mass estimates are found to be weakly sensitive to the halo’s concentration and mass scale, and most sensitive to the size of the aperture radius in which the aperture velocity dispersion is measured, the maximum value for the halo’s inner slope, and the minimum and maximum values of the velocity anisotropy. Our results show that a halo’s structural and kinematic profiles impose only a minor uncertainty in estimating its mass. Consequently, spectroscopic surveys aimed at constraining the halo mass using kinematic tracers can focus on characterising other, more complex sources of uncertainty and observational systematics.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of subarctic intertidal macrobenthos: going their own ways
Authors: Azovsky Andrey I. , Chikina Margarita V. , Kolobov Mikhail Yu. , Naumov Andrey D. , Udalov Alexei A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Intertidal macrobenthos at the small Chernaya Bight (the White Sea) was surveyed six times during 1993–2018 in order to study spatiotemporal variability. Distributions of sediments and macrophytes were highly variable in both space and time, as were most macrofaunal community attributes. Biomass slightly increased with time, while no long-term trends were found in total abundance, diversity, or functional structure. All community attributes were patchily distributed across the beach, and their patterns were not spatially autocorrelated and poorly associated with sediment properties, but changed considerably from year to year. Temporal changes in the community composition were considerable but less substantial compared with the spatial variations. The overall dynamics of species structure did not show any regular trend-like pattern but formed quasicyclic trajectories in ordination space, with nondirectional, spatially noncorrelated fluctuations around some relatively stable state. Comparison with two other neighbouring intertidal sites, studied annually in 1987–2017, showed that macrofauna at every site had similar average biomasses and common dominant species; however, the communities maintained their specificity in structure and exhibited distinct types of dynamics. In particular, the communities demonstrated different long-term trends in total biomass and diversity and followed their own paths in dynamics, appearing as differently oriented interannual trajectories. Nine most abundant species revealed no significant among-site correlations in abundance, and only two bivalve species showed good intersite agreement in dynamics of biomass. We suggest that local benthic communities are largely influenced by site-specific environmental conditions, resulting in independent and even opposite patterns of dynamics in neighbouring localities.
Effects of residential acaricide treatments on patterns of pathogen coinfection in blacklegged ticks
Authors: Ostfeld Richard S. , Adish Sahar , Mowry Stacy , Bremer William , Duerr Shannon , Evans Andrew S. , Fischhoff Ilya R. , Keating Fiona , Pendleton Jennifer , Pfister Ashley , Teator Marissa , Keesing Felicia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMedically important ixodid ticks often carry multiple pathogens, with individual ticks frequently coinfected and capable of transmitting multiple infections to hosts, including humans. Acquisition of multiple zoonotic pathogens by immature blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) is facilitated when they feed on small mammals, which are the most competent reservoir hosts for Anaplasma phagocytophilum (which causes anaplasmosis in humans), Babesia microti (babesiosis) and Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease). Here, we used data from a large-scale, long-term experiment to ask whether patterns of single and multiple infections in questing nymphal I. scapularis ticks from residential neighbourhoods differed from those predicted by independent assortment of pathogens, and whether patterns of coinfection were affected by residential application of commercial acaricidal products. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for pathogen detection in multiplex reactions. In control neighbourhoods and those treated with a fungus-based biopesticide deployed against host-seeking ticks (Met52), ticks having only single infections of either B. microti or B. burgdorferi were significantly less common than expected, whereas coinfections with these 2 pathogens were significantly more common. However, use of tick control system bait boxes, which kill ticks attempting to feed on small mammals, eliminated the bias towards coinfection. Although aimed at reducing the abundance of host-seeking ticks, control methods directed at ticks attached to small mammals may influence human exposure to coinfected ticks and the probability of exposure to multiple tick-borne infections.
A comprehensive hierarchical comparison of structural connectomes in Major Depressive Disorder cases v. controls in two large population samples
Authors: Thng Gladi , Shen Xueyi , Stolicyn Aleks , Adams Mark J. , Yeung Hon Wah , Batziou Venia , Conole Eleanor L. S. , Buchanan Colin R. , Lawrie Stephen M. , Bastin Mark E. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Deary Ian J. , Tucker-Drob Elliot M. , Cox Simon R. , Smith Keith M. , Romaniuk Liana , Whalley Heather C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe brain can be represented as a network, with nodes as brain regions and edges as region-to-region connections. Nodes with the most connections (hubs) are central to efficient brain function. Current findings on structural differences in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) identified using network approaches remain inconsistent, potentially due to small sample sizes. It is still uncertain at what level of the connectome hierarchy differences may exist, and whether they are concentrated in hubs, disrupting fundamental brain connectivity.MethodsWe utilized two large cohorts, UK Biobank (UKB, N = 5104) and Generation Scotland (GS, N = 725), to investigate MDD case–control differences in brain network properties. Network analysis was done across four hierarchical levels: (1) global, (2) tier (nodes grouped into four tiers based on degree) and rich club (between-hub connections), (3) nodal, and (4) connection.ResultsIn UKB, reductions in network efficiency were observed in MDD cases globally (d = −0.076, pFDR = 0.033), across all tiers (d = −0.069 to −0.079, pFDR = 0.020), and in hubs (d = −0.080 to −0.113, pFDR = 0.013–0.035). No differences in rich club organization and region-to-region connections were identified. The effect sizes and direction for these associations were generally consistent in GS, albeit not significant in our lower-N replication sample.ConclusionOur results suggest that the brain's fundamental rich club structure is similar in MDD cases and controls, but subtle topological differences exist across the brain. Consistent with recent large-scale neuroimaging findings, our findings offer a connectomic perspective on a similar scale and support the idea that minimal differences exist between MDD cases and controls.
Assessment of optimal combinations of therapeutic probiotics for depression, anxiety, and stress
Authors: Yang Yafang , Yang Ligang , Wan Min , Pan Da , Sun Guiju , Yang Chao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating data show that probiotics may be beneficial for reducing depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms. However, the best combinations and species of probiotics have not been identified. The objective of our study was to assess the most effective combinations and components of different probiotics through network meta-analysis.MethodA systematic search of four databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase, was conducted from inception to 11 January 2024. The GRADE framework was used to assess the quality of evidence contributing to each network estimate.ResultsWe deemed 45 trials eligible, these included 4053 participants and 10 types of interventions. The quality of evidence was rated as high or moderate. The NMA revealed that Bifidobacterium exhibited a greater probability of being the optimal probiotic species for improving anxiety symptoms (SMD = −0.80; 95% CI −1.49 to −0.11), followed by Lactobacillus (SMD = −0.49; 95% CI −0.85 to −0.12). In addition, for multiple strains, compared with the other interventions, Lactobacillus + Bifidobacterium (SMD = −0.41; 95% CI −0.73 to −0.10) had a positive effect on depression.ConclusionThe NMA revealed that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium had prominent efficacy in the treatment of individuals with anxiety, depression, and combination of Lactobacillus + Bifidobacterium had a similar effect. With few direct comparisons available between probiotic species, this NMA may be instrumental in shaping the guidelines for probiotic treatment of psychological disorders.
What calibrating variable-value population ethics suggests
Authors: Spears Dean , Stefánsson H. Orri 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVariable-Value axiologies avoid Parfit’s Repugnant Conclusion while satisfying some weak instances of the Mere Addition principle. We apply calibration methods to two leading members of the family of Variable-Value views conditional upon: first, a very weak instance of Mere Addition and, second, some plausible empirical assumptions about the size and welfare of the intertemporal world population. We find that such facts calibrate these two Variable-Value views to be nearly totalist, and therefore imply conclusions that should seem repugnant to anyone who opposes Total Utilitarianism only due to the Repugnant Conclusion.