bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative treatment in persons with intellectual disability and mental health problems
Authors: Dosen A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackground  Clinical experience has proven thus far that a monodisciplinary treatment approach to behavioural and psychiatric problems in persons with intellectual disability (ID), such as psychotropic medication or behaviour modification programmes, has yielded limited success. It is clear that the complexity of behavioural and psychiatric problems in this population calls for a treatment approach from different perspectives.Methods  A multidimensional treatment approach to the persons with ID who suffer from behaviour problems and psychiatric disorders is described.Results  Four dimensions – biological, psychological, social and developmental – are represented as well in an integrative diagnosis as in an integrative treatment, embodied by cooperation of different professionals, such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, pedagogues, social worker, nurse and, where possible, the person’s caretakers. The developmental dimension receives a salient attention of assessors. By introducing the developmental dimension in diagnostics and treatment, the bio‐psycho‐social dimensions are set in a new context, more appropriate for persons with ID.Conclusion  The integrative treatment should not be primarily directed towards the symptoms of the disorder but towards restoring a person’s mental well‐being. The disorder is combated through treatment of the underlying processes that have led to its onset. Different treatment methods from different perspectives may be applied. Strategy and methodological procedures of an integrative treatment are discussed by way of case presentations.
What symptoms predict the diagnosis of mania in persons with severe/profound intellectual disability in clinical practice?
Authors: Matson J. L. , González M. L. , Terlonge C. , Thorson R. T. , Laud R. B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackground  While researchers have attempted to address the difficulties of diagnosing affective disorders in the intellectually disabled population, diagnosing bipolar disorder in an individual with severe intellectual disability (ID) remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to identify what symptoms can predict a diagnosis of mania in the intellectually disabled population.Methods  Three groups of persons with ID participated in this study: (1) individuals with a bipolar diagnosis who were currently manic; (2) individuals with an Axis I diagnosis other than bipolar disorder; and (3) individuals without an Axis I diagnosis. Two recognized measures of mania (i.e. Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped‐Revised and Parent Version of Young Mania Rating Scale) were used to evaluate symptoms of mania. A logistical regression procedure was conducted on mania items to identify which items correctly identify persons with ID who were currently manic.Results  Psychomotor agitation, decreased sleep, changes in mood and aggression were significantly related to the diagnosis of mania. Further, psychomotor agitation and disturbed sleep were significant predictors of a diagnosis of mania.Conclusions  Problems of sleep and psychomotor agitation should alert clinicians that further assessment of bipolar symptomatology is warranted. Focusing on observable behaviours based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder‐IV criteria can be useful in formulating a diagnosis of bipolar disorder in persons with ID.
Fault slip and Coulomb stress variations around a pressured magma reservoir: consequences on seismicity and magma intrusion
Authors: Gargani J. , Geoffroy L. , Gac S. , Cravoisier S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPressure variations in a magma reservoir may cause deformation at the surface and a redistribution of the stress in the surrounding rock. In this study, we use two‐dimensional numerical models and elaborate how magma chamber inflation and deflation affect the stress field around and surface displacement. We test how a pre‐existing normal fault near the magma reservoir may influence the pattern of stress. We demonstrate the possibility of initiating both normal and reverse slip on faults during the inflation of the magma reservoir. The Coulomb failure stress changes are calculated during the periods of pressure variation. An increase of Coulomb failure stress can be predicted above and below the magma chamber during increasing magma chamber pressure that may encourage earthquakes. This process can produce cracks and fault growth encouraging magma propagation along the cracked zone. A different distribution of the stress change is expected in the case of subsequent deflation of the overpressured magma reservoir. In this case, seismicity is expected on a plane at equal depth than the magma chamber, laterally offset from the extent of the magma chamber. Magma could propagate laterally from the magma reservoir into zones where cracks have been generated, but only if the resolved shear stress on the fault is small compared with the excess magma pressure.
Lateral popliteal sciatic nerve block: a single injection targeting the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve is as effective as a double‐injection technique
Authors: Arcioni R. , Palmisani S. , Della Rocca M. , Romanò S. , Mercieri M. , De Blasi R. A. , Ronconi P. , Pinto G. 
Published: October 2006

Background:  Evidence indicating that single‐ and double‐injection techniques for inducing a sciatic nerve block via a posterior subgluteal approach yield a similar success rate prompted us to investigate whether the two anesthetic techniques yield a similar success rate via a lateral approach. We also hypothesized that, owing to the peculiar anatomic features of the sciatic nerve at the popliteal level, a single injection via the lateral approach might induce effective anesthesia by targeting the tibial nerve only.Methods:  Ninety‐six patients undergoing popliteal sciatic nerve block via a lateral popliteal approach for foot surgery were randomized to receive a single 30‐ml injection of ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml to block the tibial nerve (TN group, n= 32) or the common peroneal nerve (CPN group, n= 32), or two separate 15‐ml injections (TN + CPN group, n= 32), after stimulation to evoke motor responses from the target nerves.Results:  The mean time to obtain a complete sensory blockade (surgical anesthesia) was shorter in the TN group than in the CPN and TN + CPN groups (14 ± 7 min vs. 23 ± 17 and 21 ± 14 min, respectively; P < 0.05). The success rate was similar in the TN and TN + CPN groups (94%) and, 25 min after the initial injection, was already better in these groups than in the CPN group (94% vs. 75%; P < 0.05).Conclusions:  A lateral popliteal sciatic nerve block obtained with a single 30‐ml injection of ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml after electrostimulation to locate the tibial nerve is as effective as multiple TN + CPN stimulation and injection, and local anesthesia has a significantly shorter onset time.
Haemangioendothelioma on the conjunctiva of the upper eyelid
Authors: Cho Sang Hyoung , Na Kyoung Sool 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA 62‐year‐old man visited the authors’ clinic complaining of a mass on the palpebral conjunctiva of the right upper eyelid. The 2.0 cm × 1.2 cm sized, red and painless mass underwent incision and biopsy for histopathological examination. The mass was confirmed to be Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma characterized by densely packed spindle cells. These cells were positive to vimentin, CD31 and factor VIII‐related antigen by immunohistochemical stain. The mass was completely resolved by oral steroid therapy and has not recurred through the presentation. Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma generally occurs in infant and adolescent periods and is characterized by rapid progression and invasion to adjacent tissue. Herein, an unusual case of Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma affecting the conjunctiva of the upper eyelid on a middle‐aged man is reported.
Visual P300s in Long‐Term Abstinent Chronic Alcoholics
Authors: Fein George , Chang Maria 
Published: October 2006

Background: Evidence of reduced P3b amplitudes in chronic alcoholics and individuals at risk for developing alcoholism suggest that the P3b may be an endophenotypic marker for alcoholism. If this is the case, then long‐term abstinent alcoholics (LTAAs) should exhibit reduced P3b amplitudes. Thus far, P3b studies on chronic alcoholics have focused primarily on samples with relatively short‐term abstinence (less than 15 months). This study examines the amplitude and latency of the P3b and P3a event‐related brain electrical components in LTAAs compared with normal controls (NCs) and whether these measures are related to alcohol use and other subject variables.Methods: Electroencephalographs (EEGs) were recorded on 48 LTAAs (mean abstinence=6.7 years) compared with 48 age‐matched and gender‐matched NCs during a visual P300 experiment consisting of standard, target, and rare nontarget conditions. This paradigm elicited the P3b (target condition) and the P3a (rare nontarget condition) components.Results: Long‐term abstinent alcoholics had reduced P3b amplitudes and increased P3b latencies in comparison with NCs. Long‐term abstinent alcoholics also exhibited delayed P3a components, but no P3a amplitude reductions. Alcohol use variables, a family history of alcohol problems, and the duration of alcohol abstinence were not associated with any amplitude or latency variables.Conclusions: Even after very prolonged abstinence, reduced P3b amplitudes are present in chronic alcoholics and are not associated with any family history or alcohol use variables. These results provide equivocal support for reduced P3b amplitude being an endophenotypic marker for alcoholism, but are also consistent with P3b being affected by a threshold of alcohol abuse, with the effect not resolving over long periods of abstinence.
Development of an Alcohol Deprivation and Escalation Effect in C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Melendez Roberto I. , Middaugh Lawrence D. , Kalivas Peter W. 
Published: October 2006

Background: Relapse‐like drinking has been studied through the expression of the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE), which is measured by a pronounced increase in ethanol preference and consumption after imposed abstinence. No studies have characterized the ADE in C57BL/6J (B6) mice. The present study examined the effects of length and number of deprivations on the expression of the ADE in B6 mice.Methods: Adult male B6 mice received 24‐hour continuous access to ethanol and water for 6 weeks (baseline). Experiment 1 determined the ADE in mice receiving weekly access to 15% ethanol (i.e., exposed 1 day a week and deprived during the other 6 days) for a total of 10 weeks. Experiments 2 and 3 determined the ADE after a single 2‐week deprivation period in mice receiving a single concentration of 15% ethanol or multiple concentrations of 7.5, 15, and 30% ethanol, respectively, followed by weekly access to their respective ethanol solutions for 10 weeks. Experiment 4 determined the ADE after a single 2‐week deprivation period, followed by daily access to 15% ethanol. Mice never deprived of ethanol (i.e., continuous access) were used as age‐matched drinking controls.Results: The ADE was observed after the initial 6‐day deprivation period and was profoundly enhanced (i.e., escalation of the ADE) following weekly reexposure to 15% ethanol. Compared with a single concentration of 15% ethanol, concurrent access to multiple ethanol concentrations resulted in a near 2‐fold increase in baseline ethanol consumption. Regardless of having access to single or multiple concentrations of ethanol, the ADE was not observed immediately after a 2‐week deprivation period. The ADE was observed (although to a lesser magnitude and duration) following weekly reexposure to single or multiple concentrations of ethanol. Alternatively, following a 2‐week deprivation period, mice receiving daily access to 15% ethanol showed a significant decrease in ethanol intake and preference (i.e., negative ADE).Conclusions: Short‐term deprivations followed by repeated intermittent (weekly) reexposure to ethanol produces a robust ADE in B6 mice. Increasing the initial deprivation length to 2 weeks produces various opposing effects, including erasure of an initial ADE, diminished expression and magnitude of the ADE following weekly exposure, and complete reversal of the ADE following daily exposure to ethanol.
Kinetically dominated FR II radio sources
Authors: Punsly Brian 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The existence of Fanaroff–Riley class II objects that are kinetically dominated, the jet kinetic luminosity, Q, is larger than the total thermal luminosity (infrared to X-ray) of the accretion flow, Lbol, is of profound theoretical interest. Such objects are not expected in most theoretical models of the central engine of radio-loud active galactic nuclei. Thus, establishing such a class of objects is an important diagnostic for filtering through the myriad of theoretical possibilities. This Letter attempts to establish a class of quasars that have existed in a state of kinetic dominance, R(t) ≡Q(t)/Lbol(t) &gt; 1, at some epoch, t. It is argued that the 10 quasars in this article with a long-term time-average , that exceeds LEdd are likely to have satisfied the condition R(t) &gt; 1 either presently or in the past based on the rarity of Lbol &gt; LEdd quasars. Finally, the existence of these sources is discussed in the context of the theory of the central engine.
Differential regulation of the zebrafish orthopedia1 gene during fate determination of diencephalic neurons
Authors: Del Giacco Luca , Sordino Paolo , Pistocchi Anna , Andreakis Nikos , Tarallo Raffaella , Di Benedetto Barbara , Cotelli Franco 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Background
The homeodomain transcription factor Orthopedia (Otp) is essential in restricting the fate of multiple classes of secreting neurons in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus of vertebrates. However, there is little information on the intercellular factors that regulate Otp expression during development.

Results
Here, we identified two otp orthologues in zebrafish (otp1 and otp2) and explored otp1 in the context of the morphogenetic pathways that specify neuroectodermal regions. During forebrain development, otp1 is expressed in anterior groups of diencephalic cells, positioned in the preoptic area (PO) (anterior alar plate) and the posterior tuberculum (PT) (posterior basal plate). The latter structure is characterized by Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells, suggesting a role for otp1 in the lineage restriction of catecholaminergic (CA) neurons. Disruptions of Hedgehog (HH) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) pathways point to the ability of SHH protein to trigger otp1 expression in PO presumptive neuroblasts, with the attenuating effect of Dzip1 and FGF8. In addition, our data disclose otp1 as a determinant of CA neurons in the PT, where otp1 activity is strictly dependent on Nodal signaling and it is not responsive to SHH and FGF.

Conclusion
In this study, we pinpoint the evolutionary importance of otp1 transcription factor in cell states of the diencephalon anlage and early neuronal progenitors. Furthermore, our data indicate that morphogenetic mechanisms differentially regulate otp1 expression in alar and basal plates.
Gene expression in TGFbeta-induced epithelial cell differentiation in a three-dimensional intestinal epithelial cell differentiation model
Authors: Juuti-Uusitalo Kati M , Kaukinen Katri , Mäki Markku , Tuimala Jarno , Kainulainen Heikki 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
The TGFβ1-induced signal transduction processes involved in growth and differentiation are only partly known. The three-dimensional epithelial differentiation model, in which T84 epithelial cells are induced to differentiate either with TGFβ1 or IMR-90 mesenchymal cell-secreted soluble factors, is previously shown to model epithelial cell differentiation seen in intestine. That model has not been used for large scale gene expression studies, such as microarray method. Therefore the gene expression changes were studied in undifferentiated and differentiated three-dimensional T84 cultures with cDNA microarray method in order to study the molecular changes and find new players in epithelial cell differentiation.

Results
The expression of 372 genes out of 5188 arrayed sequences was significantly altered, and 47 of them were altered by both mediators. The data were validated and the altered genes are presented in ontology classes. For the genes tested the expressions in protein level were in accordance with the mRNA results. We also found 194 genes with no known function to be potentially important in epithelial cell differentiation. The mRNA expression changes induced by TGFβ1 were bigger than changes induced by soluble factors secreted by IMR-90 mesenchymal cells. The gene expression data was depicted in already known signaling pathway routes.

Conclusion
Our results reveal potential new signaling pathways and several new genes affected by TGFβ in epithelial cell differentiation. The differentiation induced by TGFβ1 appears to be more potent than the differentiation induced by mesenchymal cells. This study indicates that our cell culture model is a suitable tool in studying regulatory mechanisms during epithelial cell differentiation in intestine. Furthermore the present results indicate that our model is a good tool for finding new players acting in the differentiation of epithelial cells.
Copying letters to families: attitudes and experiences of child and adolescent psychiatrists
Authors: Combe Gillian , Short Clare , Stephens Helen 
Published: October 2006

Aims and MethodA national survey of consultants in child and adolescent psychiatry was conducted to explore their attitudes to copying correspondence to patients and their families and the impact of recent national guidelines on practice.ResultsOf the 290 respondents, 261 (90%) agreed in principle with copying letters to patients but only two-thirds (n=186) were routinely doing so. Nearly half (n=139, 48%) had changed their practice as a consequence of the guidelines. The majority (n=160, 55%) felt that the guidelines lacked clarity with regard to the complexities of child psychiatry and a third (n=93, 32%) had experienced difficulties when copying letters to patients.Clinical ImplicationsThis survey highlights some of the benefits and risks involved in child and adolescent psychiatry when letters are routinely shared with families. Increased openness and transparency can enhance the therapeutic relationship; however, given the complexities and sensitivities implicit in child psychiatry, there is a risk of jeopardising engagement and alienating the family.
Residual carcinoma of the larynx
Authors: Brandenburg James H. , Rutter Stephen W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo hundred forty‐nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma seen and treated at University of Wisconsin Hospitals from 1960‐1972 were analyzed as to recurrence rates, with emphasis on specific sites of recurrence, salvage rates, and end results. Each case was carefully staged according to the TNM classification as set forth by the American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End Results Reporting (Revised, 1972).Of the cases treated initially with radiation, 58 percent developed recurrences in the larynx, and 5 percent developed surgical lymph node me‐tastases. Of the cases treated initially by surgery, 13 percent demonstrated local recurrences and 15 percent cervical lymph node metastases. Twenty‐six of 86 initial therapy failures were salvaged with further treatment, giving a salvage rate of only 29 percent. The overall recurrence free rates, including cases salvaged, were Tl, 91 percent; T2, 86 percent; T3, 68 percent; and T4, 44 percent.
Histiocytosis X of the ear and temporal bone: Review of 22 cases
Authors: Mccaffrey Thomas V. , Mcdonald Thomas J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHistiocytosis X encompasses three syndromes characterized by the idiopathic proliferation of histiocytes: eosinophilic granuloma, Hand‐Schuller‐Christian syndrome, and Letterer‐Siwe disease. At the Mayo Clinic between 1926 and 1978, 22 patients with histiocytosis X had involvement of the ear or temporal bone. These patients comprised 15% of all patients with histiocytosis X seen during that period. The ages at onset of the disease ranged from 2 months to 49 years. The most frequent otologic symptom was aural discharge (15 patients), followed in frequency by swelling in the temporal region (11 patients), vertigo (6 patients), and deafness (5 patients). Clinical findings included otitis media (13 patients), otitis externa with or without granulation tissue (10 patients), and osteolytic lesions of the temporal bone (9 patients). A high index of suspicion is required to recognize the otologic manifestations of histiocytosis X for two reasons: the systemic manifestations of the disease are often so dramatic that the ear findings are overlooked, and the otologic findings of histiocytosis X can mimic more common diseases, including simple otitis externa, aural polyps, acute mastoiditis, chronic otitis media, and metastatic lesions.
Extramastoid cholesteatoma in chronic ear disease: A report of two cases
Authors: Luetje Charles M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo patients who had undergone radical mastoid surgery developed an isolated focus of cholesteatoma embedded in the sternomastoid muscle just below the mastoid tip. In one instance the etiology was felt to be iatrogenic implantation of squamous epithelium. In the second, unrecognized extension from the mastoid tip probably occurred.The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss in detail the clinical and pathological features of these two cases.
Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the one and two‐year‐old child
Authors: Helmus Christian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn an effort to substantiate the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy in very young children, 108 procedures in one and two‐year‐old children were reviewed. After rigid preoperative criteria are met, a meticulous, conservative adenotonsillectomy is performed. A review of all hospital and office records shows the procedure can be safely and simply performed without significant complications. Seventy‐nine parents were questioned regarding postoperative problems and results. Of the parents, 96% were satisfied and would have the procedure done again if they had the chance. Eighty‐four referring physicians were polled and 87% thought the procedure solved the children's problem altogether or mostly. In conclusion, the results of this study show that, in carefully selected young children using expert anesthesia and atraumatic surgical technique, adenotonsillectomy under the age of three is a safe and gratifying procedure.
Heterotopic salivary tissue in the neck
Authors: Singer Mark I. , Applebaum Edward L. , Loy Kyle D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSix cases of heterotopic salivary gland tissue in the anterolateral neck are presented with a review of their clinical and histopathologic characteristics. Neoplastic transformation, fistulization, and isolated rests represent a spectrum of these uncommon lesions. The embryologic derivation of salivary tissue and close association with the branchial apparatus are discussed. The significance of salivary carcinoma presenting in the neck is reinterpreted in light of the embryogenesis of these heterotopias.