bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Von der Idee zum fertigen Produkt
Authors: Weiler Sascha , Sutter Dirk , Koerber Christian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDer Erfolg eines Unternehmens, das Produkte und Dienstleistungen der Hochtechnologie anbietet, hängt unmittelbar von seiner Innovationskraft ab. In den vergangenen Jahren haben Kunden der Firma Trumpf von zahlreichen Innovationen bei Werkzeugmaschinen, Laserprodukten, der Elektronik, der Medizintechnik und den Elektrowerkzeugen profitiert. Beispielhaft für die Innovationskraft von Trumpf ist der TruMicro 5050 zur Mikrobearbeitung, der seit Ende 2007 erhältlich ist. Mit dem Ultrakurzpulslaser bietet Trumpf seinen Kunden einmal mehr völlig neue Möglichkeiten in der Lasermaterialbearbeitung. Denn die Ultrakurzpulstechnologie unterstützt Branchen wie die Halbleiter‐, Photovoltaik‐ oder auch Flachbildschirmindustrie dabei, ihrerseits innovative Produkte im Miniaturformat zu entwickeln und wirtschaftlich zu produzieren. Um seine Innovationskraft weiter zu steigern, hat Trumpf ein unternehmensweites Innovationsmanagement implementiert und eine Organisation geschaffen, die innovationsrelevante Prozesse systematisiert und dynamisiert.
Delegation in a mixed oligopoly: the case of multiple private firms
Authors: Heywood John S. , Ye Guangliang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPrevious research examining mixed duopolies shows that the use of an optimal incentive contract for the public firm increases welfare and that privatization reduces welfare. We demonstrate that these results do not generalize to a mixed oligopoly with multiple private firms. We derive the optimal incentive contract for a public firm that weighs both profit and welfare and show that its use may either increase or decrease welfare depending on the number of private firms and the exact nature of costs. We also identify the conditions that determine whether or not privatizing the public firm facing an optimal incentive contract reduces welfare. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Odor identification test as an indicator of idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Miyamoto Masayuki , Iwanami Masaoki , Suzuki Keisuke , Inoue Yuichi , Hirata Koichi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractReduction of olfactory function in idiopathic rapid‐eye‐movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is of the same magnitude as that found in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We assessed olfactory function using the Odor Stick Identification Test for Japanese (OSIT‐J) in 48 Japanese patients with iRBD, 21 with PD, and 34 with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Possible score of the OSIT‐J ranges from 0 to 12. OSIT‐J scores were 4.9 ± 2.8 in patients with iRBD, 4.8 ± 2.8 in patients with PD, and 9.9 ± 1.4 in OSAS patients. An OSIT‐J score of 8.5 was associated with a sensitivity of 88.2 and 85.3%, respectively, and specificity of 83.3 and 85.7%, respectively, in differentiating iRBD or PD patients from OSAS patients. Odor identification is impaired in Japanese patients with iRBD and PD. The results suggest that OSIT‐J, which is a short and simple nonlexical olfactory identification test, can be useful as a clinical indicator for iRBD with Lewy body formation and is appropriate in the Japanese elderly population. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
An analysis of searchers' perceptions of sponsored and non‐sponsored links using nested design
Authors: Zhang Ying , Jansen Bernard J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of sponsored links' reputation. We pursued this study through a mature design of experiment method – the nested design – in order to investigate this fast growing segment of online advertising. In this study, we firstly analyze the adaptability of the nested design to find out whether the reputation of sponsored links will bias searchers. We then carefully contrived a user study to investigate this phenomenon. We used 56 participants engaged in six ecommerce Web searching tasks. The tasks were extracted from the transaction log of a Web search engine so that they could represent actual ecommerce searching information needs. We controlled the study by switching non‐sponsored and sponsored links on half of the tasks for each participant. By doing this, we could use the nested design statistical method to detect the impact of the sponsored links' reputation on the final evaluations of these results. During the study, we collected 2,435 interactions with links from search engine results page and 961 utterance evaluations of these links. The results indicate that the reputation or the location of the sponsored links will show strong significance on the final evaluation of the search engine performance. We give some perspectives and discussion which could benefit search engine providers to improve their services.
Human‐information interaction in time‐critical settings: Information needs and use in the emergency room
Authors: Sarcevic Aleksandra 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTrauma centers are stressful, noisy, and dynamic places, with many people performing complex tasks, and with no technological aids to support their operations. This paper describes research that uses an emergency room as a natural laboratory for investigating information behavior and information sources of trauma team members. Data from interviews, focus groups, and videotaped trauma resuscitations revealed specific information needs in four distinct phases of a trauma event. The most commonly utilized information sources include the patient, vital signs monitor, x‐rays images, and other team members. Additionally, data indicated inefficiencies in teamwork and communication. Results from this study can be used to derive system requirements for the design of decision and communication support systems for trauma teams.
Increase in external quantum efficiency of encapsulated silicon solar cells from a luminescent down‐shifting layer
Authors: McIntosh Keith R. , Lau Gay , Cotsell James N. , Hanton Katherine , Bätzner Derk L. , Bettiol Fabian , Richards Bryce S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper reports the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of encapsulated screen‐printed crystalline silicon solar cells, where the encapsulation includes a layer of luminescent down‐shifting (LDS) molecules. At wavelengths less than 400 nm, the inclusion of the LDS molecules increases the EQE from near zero to, at most, 40%. The increase in EQE corresponds to a rise in short‐circuit current density of 0·37 ± 0·13 mA/cm2 under the AM1‐5g spectrum. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative protein microarrays for time‐resolved measurements of protein phosphorylation
Authors: Korf Ulrike , Derdak Sophia , Tresch Achim , Henjes Frauke , Schumacher Sabrina , Schmidt Christian , Hahn Bettina , Lehmann Wolf D. , Poustka Annemarie , Beissbarth Tim , Klingmüller Ursula 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe quantitative analysis of signaling networks requires highly sensitive methods for the time‐resolved determination of protein phosphorylation. For this reason, we developed a quantitative protein microarray that monitors the activation of multiple signaling pathways in parallel, and at high temporal resolution. A label‐free sandwich approach was combined with near infrared detection, thus permitting the accurate quantification of low‐level phosphoproteins in limited biological samples corresponding to less than 50 000 cells, and with a very low standard deviation of approximately 5%. The identification of suitable antibody pairs was facilitated by determining their accuracy and dynamic range using our customized software package Quantpro. Thus, we are providing an important tool to generate quantitative data for systems biology approaches, and to drive innovative diagnostic applications.
Towards functional phosphoproteomics by mapping differential phosphorylation events in signaling networks
Authors: de la Fuente van Bentem Sergio , Mentzen Wieslawa I. , de la Fuente Alberto , Hirt Heribert 
Published: October 2008

AbstractProtein phosphorylation plays a central role in many signal transduction pathways that mediate biological processes. Novel quantitative mass spectrometry‐based methods have recently revealed phosphorylation dynamics in animals, yeast, and plants. These methods are important for our understanding of how differential phosphorylation participates in translating distinct signals into proper physiological responses, and shifted research towards screening for potential cancer therapies and in‐depth analysis of phosphoproteomes. In this review, we aim to describe current progress in quantitative phosphoproteomics. This emerging field has changed numerous static pathways into dynamic signaling networks, and revealed protein kinase networks that underlie adaptation to environmental stimuli. Mass spectrometry enables high‐throughput and high‐quality analysis of differential phosphorylation at a site‐specific level. Although determination of differential phosphorylation between treatments is analogous to detecting differential gene expression, the large body of statistical techniques that has been developed for analysis of differential gene expression is not generally applied for detecting differential phosphorylation. We suggest possible improvements for analysis of quantitative phosphorylation by increasing the number of biological replicates and adapting statistical tests used for gene expression profiling and widely implemented in freely available software tools.
Proteomics of lung physiopathology
Authors: Miller Ingrid , Eberini Ivano , Gianazza Elisabetta 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis compilation accounts the efforts made to characterize the proteomes of lung tissues in health and disease and to recognize proteomic patterns of diseased states in the patient's biological fluids/secretions and lavage fluids. A massive amount of primary data could not lead yet to the identification of diagnostic proteomic signatures. The variability of proteomic findings associated with lung diseases suggests that a useful diagnostic index may eventually result only from the composite predictive values of a large panel of protein markers.
Synthesis and polymerization of new di‐octadecyl ester derivatives of α‐hydroxymethyl acrylate: A structure‐property correlation for their copolymers with methyl methacrylate
Authors: Tas Huseyin , Mathias Lon J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNew ether dimer (ED‐Od) and diester (ODE) derivatives of α‐hydroxymethylacrylate, each having two octadecyl side chains, were synthesized and (co)polymerized to evaluate the effects of differences in the structures of the monomers on final (co)polymer properties, particularly glass transition temperature. The free radical polymerizations of both monomers yielded high‐molecular weight polymers. Cyclopolymer formation of ED‐Od was confirmed by 13C NMR analysis and the cyclization efficiency (0.95 or greater) was found to be as high as the cyclization efficiencies of the cyclopolymerizations of ether dimers of various alkyl α‐hydroxymethylacrylates synthesized previously. Copolymers of both ED‐Od and ODE with methyl methacrylate (MMA) showed significant Tg decreases over PMMA due to octadecyl side groups causing “internal” plasticization. Comparison of the Tg's of the copolymers of octadecyl methacrylate, ED‐Od and ODE with MMA revealed that the impacts of these monomers on depression of Tg's are identical. That is, the magnitude of decrease in Tg's was quantitatively related to the number of the octadecyl side groups in the copolymers rather than their placement on the same or randomly incorporated repeat units. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7785–7793, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of functional polysilanes [RMe2Si(CH2)x(Me)Si]n (R = 2‐Fu, 5‐Me‐2‐Fu, 2‐Th, 4‐Me‐2‐Th; x = 2, 3) with appended furyl/thienyl groups on the carbosilyl side chains and their application in the generation and stabilization of palladium nanoparticles
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Shahi Vandana 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe polysilanes [RMe2Si(CH2)x(Me)Si]n [x = 2, 3; R = 2‐Fu (1, 2), 5‐Me‐2‐Fu (3, 4)] bearing furyl‐substituted carbosilyl side chains have been synthesized by dehalocondensation reaction (Wurtz coupling) of the corresponding carbosilanes using sodium dispersion in refluxing toluene. On the other hand, analogous polysilanes with appended thienyl groups [x = 2, 3; R = 2‐Th (5, 6), 4‐Me‐2‐Th (7, 8)] are only accessible by the reaction of the corresponding carbosilane precursors under mild Wurtz coupling conditions (THF, RT). These polysilanes reveal monomodal molecular weight distribution with Mw/PDI = 3.3–5.4 × 104/1.22–1.47 (1–4) and 9.1–14.4 × 104/1.45–1.61 (5–8) and are characterized by FT‐IR, multinuclear (1H, 13C{1H}, 29Si{1H}) NMR, and UV/PL spectral studies as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Preliminary studies on the reactivity of polysilane 2 with palladium acetate (toluene, RT) reveal the formation of spherical palladium nanoparticles of size 8.2 ± 0.6 nm, which remain stable in solution for several weeks. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7816–7826, 2008
Synthesis of hetero‐telechelic polymers by self‐polyaddition of monomers containing both oxetanyl and carboxyl groups
Authors: Kudo Hiroto , Atsumi Hiroyuki , Sato Masaaki , Nishikubo Tadatomi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe synthesis and self‐polyaddition of new monomers, o‐, m‐, and p‐[(3‐ethyloxetane‐3‐yl)methoxyethyl]benzoic acid (o‐EOMB, m‐EOMB, and p‐EOMB) containing both oxetanyl groups and carboxyl groups were examined. The reactions of o‐EOMB, m‐EOMB, and p‐EOMB in the presence of tetraphenylphosphonium bromide as a catalyst in o‐dichlorobenzene at 150–170 °C resulted in self‐polyaddition to give the corresponding hetero‐telechelic polymers poly(o‐EOMB), poly(m‐EOMB), and poly(p‐EOMB) with Mns = 14,500–33,400 in satisfactory yields. The Mn of poly(o‐EOMB) decreased at higher reaction temperatures than 150 °C, unlike those of poly(m‐EOMB) and poly(p‐EOMB), possibly due to inter‐ or intraester exchange side reactions. It was also found that the thermal properties and solubilities of these polymers were supposed with the proposed structures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7835–7842, 2008
Polyolefin‐based nanocomposite: The effect of organoclay modifier
Authors: Santos K. S. , Liberman S. A. , Oviedo M. A. S. , Mauler R. S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared using montmorillonite with different organic modifiers, and the effect of processing aid (EMCA and PPG) on the dispersion of the nanofillers in the PP matrix was evaluated by WAXD, TEM, DSC, TGA, DMA, and mechanical tests. The present study helps to clarify the effects of the organic modifiers of clays on the intercalation and exfoliation processes. Nanocomposites of intercalated and partially exfoliated morphology were obtained, mainly when a low amount (1:1) of PP‐g‐MA/MMT was used. The results of the tests on mechanical properties showed that the clays with larger d001 (C‐15A and Nanofil 5) using PPG presented a more considerable gain in impact strength. The nanocomposites using clays with smaller d001(C‐20A) presented larger modulus when compared with those of pristine PP. The heat deflection temperature, crystallization temperature, and thermal stability of the nanocomposites were improved compared to neat PP. The DMA results showed that the organoclay improved the modulus of PP, but decreased the Tg. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2519–2531, 2008
Enhanced piezoelectric properties of sodium bismuth titanate (Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15) ceramics with B‐site cobalt modification
Authors: Wang Chun‐Ming , Zhao Liang , Wang Jin‐Feng , Zhang Shujun , Shrout Thomas R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe piezoelectric properties of the cobalt‐modified sodium bismuth titanate (Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15, NBT) piezoelectric ceramics were investigated. The piezoelectric properties of NBT ceramics were significantly enhanced by cobalt modification. The Curie temperature TC and piezoelectric constant d33 for the 0.3 wt% cobalt‐modified NBT ceramics (NBT‐C3) were found to be 663 °C and 30 pC/N, respectively. Thermal annealing studies presented that the cobalt‐modified NBT ceramics possess stable piezoelectric properties, demonstrating that the cobalt‐modified NBT‐based ceramics are promising candidates for high temperature piezoelectric applications. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Appetite suppressive effects of yeast hydrolysate on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactivity in hypothalamus
Authors: Jung E. Y. , Suh H. J. , Kim S. Y. , Hong Y. S. , Kim M. J. , Chang U. J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTo investigate the effects of yeast hydrolysate on appetite regulation mechanisms in the central nervous system, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) of the hypothalamus were examined. Male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to five groups: control (normal diet), BY‐1 and BY‐2 (normal diet with oral administration of 0.1 g and 1.0 g of yeast hydrolysate <10 kDa/kg body weight, respectively), AY‐1 and AY‐2 (normal diet with oral administration of 0.1 g and 1.0 g of yeast hydrolysate 10–30 kDa/kg body weight, respectively). The body weight gain in the BY groups was less than that in the control. In particular, the weight gain of the BY‐2 group (133.0 ± 5.1 g) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the control group (150.1 ± 3.7 g). Among the test groups, the BY‐2 group was shown to have significantly lower triacylglycerol (TG) levels (p < 0.05) than the other groups. The staining intensities and optical densities of NOS neurons in the PVN of the AY group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the control and BY groups. The staining intensities and optical densities of VIP immunoreactivity in the PVN and VMH of the BY groups were higher than those of the AY groups and the control. In conclusion, these results indicated that yeast hydrolysate of <10 kDa reduced the body weight gain and body fat in normal diet‐fed rats and increased the lipid energy metabolism by altering the expression of NOS and VIP in neurons. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Astragaloside IV attenuates lipolysis and improves insulin resistance induced by TNFα in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Jiang Boren , Yang Ying , Jin Hua , Shang Wenbin , Zhou Libin , Qian Lei , Chen Mingdao 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIncreased circulating free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations have been demonstrated to potentially link obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Astragaloside IV (AS‐IV) is a saponin which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of AS‐IV on the lipolysis and insulin resistance induced by tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) in cultured 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. TNFα promotes lipolysis in mammal adipocytes via the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) family resulting in reduced expression/function of perilipin. Application of AS‐IV inhibited TNFα‐induced accelerated lipolysis in a dose‐dependent manner, which was compatible with suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and reversed the downregulation of perilipin. Moreover, TNFα induced downregulation of key enzymes in lipogenesis, including LPL, FAS and GPAT, were also attenuated by AS‐IV. Further studies showed that AS‐IV improved TNFα‐induced insulin resistance in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. This study provides the first direct evidence of the antilipolytic action of AS‐IV in adipocytes, which may allow this agent to decrease the circulating FFA levels, thus increase insulin sensitivity and treat cardiovascular diseases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory effects of xanthohumol from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Ho Yi‐Chien , Liu Chi‐Hsien , Chen Chien‐Nan , Duan Kow‐Jen , Lin Ming‐Tse 
Published: October 2008

AbstractXanthohumol is one of the main flavonoids in hop extracts and in beer. Very few investigations of xanthohumol have studied hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, the inhibitory effects of xanthohumol on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines were investigated. The IC50 values of xanthohumol for two hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and one normal hepatocyte cell line were 108, 166 and 211 µm, respectively. Normal murine hepatocyte cell line had more resistance to xanthohumol than hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Besides, the inhibitory effects of xanthohumol on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines were attributed to apoptosis as indicated in the results of flow cytometry, fluorescent nuclear staining and electrophoresis of oligonucleosomal DNA fragments. Hop xanthohumol was more efficient in the growth inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines than the flavonoids silibinin and naringin from thistle and citrus. It was shown for the first time that xanthohumol from hops effectively inhibits proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Asparagus‐P® on cell metabolism of cultured kidney and inflammation‐mediating cells
Authors: Dartsch Peter C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAsparagus‐P® is a traditional herbal medicinal product consisting of a combination of dried and pulverized asparagus roots and parsley leaves in equal parts. It is commonly used to support aquaretic kidney function, i.e. the increased excretion of water from the kidneys without affecting electrolyte balance. The mechanisms of this aquaretic effectiveness are widely unknown and are controversial. By using two different kidney cell lines (distal tubule‐derived Madin‐Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells and proximal tubule‐derived opossum kidney (OK) cells) the study investigated whether a stimulation of basal kidney cell metabolism might be responsible for the increased excretion of water from the kidneys. The results demonstrate that Asparagus‐P® was able to stimulate the metabolism of both kidney cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner with a maximum stimulation at the recommended daily dosage after distribution in the whole body fluid. Metabolic stimulation was much more pronounced for OK than for MDBK cells. Whether a stimulation of cell metabolism correlates with an increased water excretion is currently unknown, but in vitro data might deliver the first evidence for a better understanding of the mechanism of action. Moreover, Asparagus‐P® inhibited the metabolism of inflammation‐mediating cells (differentiated human promyelocytes). This increases the information on the antiinflammatory efficacy of Asparagus‐P® as already shown by its potential to inactivate reactive oxygen radicals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.