bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of an in Vitro Assay for Determination of Biofilm-Forming Capacity of Bacteria in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Bendouah Zohra , Barbeau Jean , Hamad Walid Abou , Desrosiers Martin 
Published: October 2006

Background Bacterial biofilms are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic disease and have been established in several chronic ear, nose, and throat conditions, including chronic sinusitis (CRS). However, this relies on specialized imaging methods not widely available. We wished to assess the capacity of an easily performed, inexpensive in vitro test to assess biofilm production by bacteria recovered from individuals with CRS with or without nasal polyposis. Methods Bacterial isolates were recovered from patients consulting an academic tertiary rhinology practice. Biofilm formation was determined with an in vitro staining method using crystal violet. Ten isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and 11 of coagulase-negative staphylococcus from patients with CRS having previously undergone endoscopic sinus surgery for >1 year were assessed. Samples were cultured 24 hours at 37°C on 96-well plates in tryptic soy broth 0.5% glucose medium. After staining with crystal violet, optical density at 570 nm was measured to quantify biofilm production. Biofilm-forming capacity was compared with positive and negative controls for each species obtained from commercial sources. Results Positive controls all grew biofilms, with a tendency of lesser biofilm formation at higher dilutions. Twenty-two of 31 clinical samples produced a biofilm greater or equal to the positive control. Biofilm was recovered consistently for all three species studied. Conclusion This in vitro assessment method is capable of detecting biofilm-forming capacity in bacteria recovered from individuals with CRS. This simple assay may be a useful complement to existing techniques for clinical research.
A fourth hominin skull from Dmanisi, Georgia
Authors: Lordkipanidze David , Vekua Abesalom , Ferring Reid , Rightmire G. Philip , Zollikofer Christoph P.E. , Ponce de León Marcia S. , Agusti Jordi , Kiladze Gocha , Mouskhelishvili Alexander , Nioradze Medea , Tappen Martha 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNewly discovered Homo remains, stone artifacts, and animal fossils from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia, provide a basis for better understanding patterns of hominin evolution and behavior in Eurasia ca. 1.77 million years ago. Here we describe a fourth skull that is nearly complete, lacking all but one of its teeth at the time of death. Both the maxillae and the mandible exhibit extensive bone loss due to resorption. This individual is similar to others from the site but supplies information about variation in brain size and craniofacial anatomy within the Dmanisi paleodeme. Although this assemblage presents numerous primitive characters, the Dmanisi skulls are best accommodated within the species H. erectus. On anatomical grounds, it is argued that the relatively small‐brained and lightly built Dmanisi hominins may be ancestral to African and Far Eastern branches of H. erectus showing more derived morphology. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1146–1157, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endochondral ossification of the mouse nasal septum
Authors: Wealthall Rosamund J. , Herring Susan W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEndochondral ossification at the caudal junctions of the cartilaginous nasal septum, in combination with interstitial expansion of the septum, is thought to displace the facial skeleton away from the neurocranium. However, the rate of endochondral ossification has not been measured or related to rates of septal enlargement. This study examined endochondral ossification at these junctions in mice from postnatal days 0–15, in the context of known cranial growth sites, the synchondroses. BrdU labeling was used to compare cell division at the septoethmoidal and septopresphenoidal junctions with cell division at the synchondroses, and double‐fluorochrome labeling was used to measure mineralization rate. The results showed that the septoethmoidal and septopresphenoidal junctions develop the characteristic morphology of growth plates postnatally, and that the pattern of cell division is similar to that of synchondroses. Mineralization at these junctions occurred at rates that were not statistically different from those of the synchondroses. However, the cartilaginous septum increased in length much more rapidly than could be explained by caudal growth, implying that interstitial expansion is the more important contributor to septal growth. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1163–1172, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An unusual course of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Authors: Khaki Amir A. , Tubbs R. Shane , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Zarrintan Sina 
Published: October 2006

AbstractVariation in the course of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is seemingly very rare. During the routine dissection of an adult male cadaver, the entire left recurrent laryngeal nerve after branching from the left vagus nerve was noted to travel medial to the ligamentum arteriosum. We hypothesize that this rare variation may occur, if the left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes inferior to the fifth rather than the sixth aortic arch during embryological development. As our case report demonstrates, the relationship between the ligamentum arteriosum and the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is not absolute. Although seemingly rare, cardiothoracic surgeons must consider variations of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgical procedures in the region of the ligamentum arteriosum in order to minimize potential postoperative complications. Clin. Anat. 20:344–346, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal Structure of La6Mg4Ta2W2O24 Oxide: A Representative of a Novel A3nB′2nB′′2nO12n Homologous Series with n = 2.
Authors: Khalyavin Dmitry D. , Lopes Augusto B. , Senos Ana M. R. , Mantas Pedro Q. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solid—Liquid Equilibria in the Quasi‐Ternary System CdS—Ga2S3—GeS2
Authors: Olekseyuk I. D. , Piskach L. V. , Parasyuk O. V. , Gorgut G. P. , Volkov S. V. , Pekhnyo V. I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Mild and Efficient Catalyst for the Beckmann Rearrangement, BOP‐Cl.
Authors: Zhu Minze , Cha Chuantao , Deng Wei‐Ping , Shi Xiao‐Xin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chelation‐Assisted Transformation: Synthesis of 1,4‐Dicarboxylate Esters by the Rh‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Internal Alkynes with Pyridin‐2‐ylmethanol.
Authors: Inoue Satoshi , Yokota Kazuhiko , Tatamidani Hiroto , Fukumoto Yoshiya , Chatani Naoto 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chromatography‐Free Product Separation in the Mitsunobu Reaction.
Authors: Proctor Anthony J. , Beautement Kevin , Clough John M. , Knight David W. , Li Yingfa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Selective C—H Functionalization/Halogenation of Acetanilide.
Authors: Wan Xiaobing , Ma Zhongxun , Li Bijie , Zhang Keya , Cao Shaokui , Zhang Shiwei , Shi Zhangjie 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Heck Reaction of Electron‐Rich Olefins with Regiocontrol by Hydrogen‐Bond Donors.
Authors: Mo Jun , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Revisiting the Passerini Reaction under Eco‐Friendly Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Andrade Carlos Kleber Z. , Takada Sayuri Cristina S. , Suarez Paulo Anselemo Z. , Alves Melquizedeque B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
“Instant Methylide” Modification of the Corey—Chaykovsky Cyclopropanation Reaction.
Authors: Ciaccio James A. , Aman Courtney E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Asymmetric Assembly of Stereodefined Propionate Units: An Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (—)‐Pironetin.
Authors: Shen Xiaoqiang , Wasmuth Andrew S. , Zhao Junping , Zhu Cheng , Nelson Scott G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bismuth Trichloride‐Catalyzed C‐Alkylation of Pyrroles with Electron‐Deficient Olefins.
Authors: Zhan Zhuang‐Ping , Yu Jing‐Liang , Yang Wen‐Zhen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Synthesis of Imidazolidin‐2‐ones via Pd‐Catalyzed Carboamination of N‐Allylureas.
Authors: Fritz Jonathan A. , Nakhla Josephine S. , Wolfe John P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Brassard Type Hetero‐Diels—Alder Approach to 5‐Methyl‐Containing α,β‐Unsaturated δ‐Lactones.
Authors: Lin Lili , Fan Qian , Qin Bo , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unexpected Formation of 5′‐Aryl‐1′‐benzyl‐4′‐methyl‐3,4,2′,3′‐tetrahydro‐2,2′‐dioxospiro [chroman‐3,3′‐pyrrol]‐4‐yl Acetates at Acylation of 1‐Aryl‐2‐benzyl‐1‐hydroxy‐9c‐methyl‐1,2,9b,9c‐tetrahydro‐5‐oxa‐2‐azacycl openta[2,3]cyclopropa[1,2‐a]naphthalene‐3,4‐diones with Acetic Anhydride.
Authors: Shchepin V. V. , Silaichev P. S. , Kodess M. I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[6 + 6] Schiff‐Base Macrocycles with 12 Imines: Giant Analogues of Cyclohexane.
Authors: Hui Joseph K.‐H. , MacLachlan Mark J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐ and (‐)‐Nigellamine A2.
Authors: Bian Jianwei , Van Wingerden Matthew , Ready Joseph M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Defects Induced in ETS‐10 by Postsynthesis Treatment with H2O2 Solution.
Authors: Pavel Claudiu C. , Park So‐Hyun , Dreier Axel , Tesche Bernd , Schmidt Wolfgang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A solution to the dynamic range problem in MRI using a parallel image acquisition
Authors: Otake Yosuke , Kose Katsumi , Haishi Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA parallel image acquisition system has been developed to solve the dynamic range problem in MRI. The parallel receiver system was tested using 3D large matrix spin echo and gradient echo images. The dynamic range of the receiver system was extended to about 80 dB, which was sufficient for a large‐matrix (256 × 256 × 512) 3D gradient echo image acquisition at a voxel resolution of 60 μm3. Our method can be a simple and efficient technique for solving the dynamic range problem in MRI. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 29B: 161–167, 2006.
A system for open‐access 3He human lung imaging at very low field
Authors: Ruset I.C. , Tsai L.L. , Mair R.W. , Patz S. , Hrovat M.I. , Rosen M.S. , Muradian I. , Ng J. , Topulos G.P. , Butler J.P. , Walsworth R.L. , Hersman F.W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe describe a prototype system built to allow open‐access very‐low‐field MRI of human lungs using laser‐polarized 3He gas. The system employs an open four‐coil electromagnet with an operational B0 field of 4 mT, and planar gradient coils that generate gradient fields up to 0.18 G/cm in the x and y direction and 0.41 G/cm in the z direction. This system was used to obtain 1H and 3He phantom images and supine and upright 3He images of human lungs. We include discussion on challenges unique to imaging at 50–200 kHz, including noise filtering and compensation for narrow‐bandwidth coils. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 29B: 210–221, 2006.
A case series of patients with Tourette's syndrome in the United Kingdom treated with aripiprazole
Authors: Davies Lisa , Stern Jeremy S. , Agrawal Niruj , Robertson Mary M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractObjectiveThese cases illustrate that a new neuroleptic, aripiprazole, may be an effective treatment for the motor and vocal tics of Tourette Syndrome (TS), even in younger people.MethodA case series of 11 consecutive patients with TS (age range 7–50 years; M = 7) who were felt to require neuroleptic medication, were treated with aripiprazole, the majority of whom had been refractory to treatment with other neuroleptics, and in one case, Habit Reversal Training as well.ResultsTen out of the 11 patients who were treated with aripiprazole improved, although to differing degrees. The only individual who showed no response was treated for only 1 month with a low dose (5 mg). Eight of the patients had been treated with many typical and atypical neuroleptics without success, and which had also given unacceptable side effects, resulting in them being unable to function at times. One was also unresponsive to previous Habit Reversal Training. The response to aripiprazole was dramatic and quick in five patients; in the rest (5/10) the response was less dramatic. In the majority of patients, response was sustained. The successful aripiprazole doses were between 10–20 mg daily. Side effects were mild and transient. This, to the best of our knowledge, is the first case series of patients with TS successfully treated with aripiprazole in the United Kingdom, and one of the few to date in the English Scientific literature. Our patients are also the first cases reported, in which the patients were assessed and whose improvement was monitored using standardised schedules and rating scales, such as the Yale Global Tic Severity Rating Scale and MOVES. Aripiprazole was licensed for use in patients with schizophrenia in the European Union in June 2004. We discuss possible reasons for these dramatic and idiosyncratic responses to aripiprazole.ConclusionWe suggest that aripiprazole may well be useful for individuals with TS as response to it is often quick, dramatic, sustained and with few generally mild and transient side effects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apoptosis induced by all‐trans retinoic acid in N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase V repressed human hepatocarcinoma cells is mediated through endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Xu Ying‐Ying , Lu Yi , Fan Kai‐Yi , Shen Zong‐Hou 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was triggered in human hepatocarcinoma 7721 cells transfected with antisense cDNA of N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT‐V‐AS/7721) which were more susceptible to apoptosis induced by all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA). In the present study, we report that ATRA‐induced apoptosis in GnT‐V‐AS/7721 cells is mediated through ER stress. We show here that ER stress is enhanced in GnT‐V‐AS/7721 cells with 80 µM ATRA treatment for 24 h, which is evidenced by the increase of GRP78/Bip, C/EBP‐homologous protein‐10 (CHOP, also known as GADD153) and spliced XBP1. Additionally, activation of caspase‐12, caspase‐9, and ‐3 was detected, and apoptosis morphology was observed in GnT‐V‐AS/7721 cells with ATRA treatment. These results suggest that ATRA enhances the ER stress triggered in GnT‐V‐AS/7721 cells, which represents a novel mechanism of ATRA to induce apoptosis. We further observed that GnT‐V was significantly repressed and the structure of N‐glycans was changed in GnT‐V‐AS/7721 cells with 80 µM ATRA treatment for 24 h, suggesting that repression of GnT‐V by ATRA causes the enhanced ER stress and ER stress‐mediated apoptosis in GnT‐V‐AS/7721 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 773–782, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostaglandin E2 downregulates TNF‐α‐induced production of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 in HCS‐2/8 chondrocytes by inhibiting Raf‐1/MEK/ERK cascade through EP4 prostanoid receptor activation
Authors: Fushimi Kazunari , Nakashima Shigeru , You Fukka , Takigawa Masaharu , Shimizu Katsuji 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1, collagenase‐1) plays a pivotal role in the process of joint destruction in degenerative joint diseases. We have examined the regulation of MMP‐1 production in human chondrocytic HCS‐2/8 cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). In response to TNF‐α, MMP‐1 is induced and actively released from HCS‐2/8 cells. The induction of MMP‐1 expression correlates with activation of ERK1/2, MEK, and Raf‐1, and is potently prevented by U0126, a selective inhibitor of MEK1/2 activation. In contrast, SB203580, a selective p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) inhibitor, had no effects on TNF‐α‐induced MMP‐1 release. A serine/threonine kinase, Akt was not activated in TNF‐α‐stimulated HCS‐2/8 cells. TNF‐α stimulated the production of PGE2 in addition to MMP‐1 in HCS‐2/8 cells. Exogenously added PGE2 potently inhibited TNF‐α‐induced both MMP‐1 production and activation of ERK1/2. The effects of PGE2 were mimicked by ONO‐AE1‐329, a selective EP4 receptor agonist but not by butaprost, a selective EP2 agonist. In contrast, blockade of endogenously produced PGE2 signaling by ONO‐AE3‐208, a selective EP4 receptor antagonist, enhanced TNF‐α‐induced MMP‐1 production. Furthermore, the suppression of MMP‐1 production by exogenously added PGE2 was reversed by ONO‐AE3‐208. Activation of EP4 receptor resulted in cAMP‐mediated phosphorylation of Raf‐1 on Ser259, a negative regulatory site, and blocked activation of Raf‐1/MEK/ERK cascade. Taken together, these findings indicate that Raf‐1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the production of MMP‐1 in HCS‐2/8 cells in response to TNF‐α, and that the produced PGE2 downregulates the expression of MMP‐1 by blockage of TNF‐α‐induced Raf‐1 activation through EP4‐PGE2 receptor activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 783–793, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apoptosis as a possible mechanism of infertility in Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts
Authors: Paredes R. , Jiménez V. , Cabrera G. , Iragüen D. , Galanti N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEchinococcus granulosus is a parasitic cestode causing hydatidosis in intermediate hosts (human and herbivorous). Most symptoms of the disease occur by the pressure exerted on viscera by cysts that are formed upon ingestion of the parasite eggs excreted by definitive hosts (canines). Protoscoleces, the developmental form of the parasite infective to definitive hosts, are formed in the germinal nucleated layer of fertile hydatid cysts. For unknown reasons, some cysts are unable to produce protoscoleces (infertile hydatid cysts). In this study, analysis of DNA fragmentation using TUNEL and agarose gel electrophoresis showed higher levels of apoptosis in infertile cysts as compared to fertile cysts. Additionally, caspase 3 was detected both in fertile and infertile cysts; the activity of this enzyme was found to be higher in infertile cysts. We conclude that apoptosis may be involved in hydatid cyst infertility. This is the first report on the presence of programmed cell death in E. granulosus. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 1200–1209, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
European Alpine moisture variability for 1800–2003
Authors: van der Schrier G. , Efthymiadis D. , Briffa K. R. , Jones P. D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMoisture availability for the European Greater Alpine region (GAR) (43°N–49°N and 4°E–19°E) for the period 1800–2003 is analyzed on the basis of maps of monthly self‐calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) with a 10′ × 10′ spatial resolution.To represent the impact of seasonal snow cover on the water budget, a simple snow‐accumulation and snowmelt model is added to the water balance calculations on which the (self‐calibrating) Palmer Drought Severity Index is based.Over the region as a whole, the late 1850s into the 1870s and the 1940s to the early 1950s stand out as persistent and exceptionally dry periods, whereas the first two decades of the nineteenth century and the 1910s were exceptionally wet periods. Dividing the Greater Alpine Region into four subregions, with the subregions based on coherence of precipitation variability, we find a large degree of heterogeneity in the behavior of the drought index over the subregions. The driest summers on record, in terms of the amplitude of the index averaged over the Alpine region, are 1865 and 2003. In these years, 75.6% and 85.1% of the region was suffering from a moderate drought (or worse). The areas northwest of the high mountains were affected most severely in the 1865 drought, whereas the 2003 drought impacted all subregions more equally.By substituting climatological monthly mean temperatures, from the period 1961–1990, for the actual monthly means in the parameterization for potential evaporation, an estimate is made of the direct effect of temperature on drought. It is observed that a major cause for the vast areal extent of the area affected by the summer drought in the last decade is the high temperatures. Temperatures in the 12 months preceding and including the summer of 2003 explain an increase in the area percentage with moderate (or worse) drought of 31.2%. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Recent computational developments in Krylov subspace methods for linear systems
Authors: Simoncini Valeria , Szyld Daniel B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMany advances in the development of Krylov subspace methods for the iterative solution of linear systems during the last decade and a half are reviewed. These new developments include different versions of restarted, augmented, deflated, flexible, nested, and inexact methods. Also reviewed are methods specifically tailored to systems with special properties such as special forms of symmetry and those depending on one or more parameters. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.