bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Odour properties of some 5‐alkoxy and 5‐aryloxymethylene‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2‐oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐6‐ones
Authors: MARIANI E. , SCHENONE P. , BARGAGNA A. , LONGOBARDI M. 
Published: May 2007

SynopsisThe synthesis of 5‐alkoxy and 5‐aryloxymethylene‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2‐oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐6‐ones by reaction of (+)‐5‐hydroxymethylene‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2‐oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐6‐one with a number of saturated or unsaturated alcohols and phenols in order to check how substituents affected the fragrance, is described. Materials and methods for the synthesis of fifteen terpenyl ethers are illustrated. The terpenyl ethers have been tested for their olfactive character and the preliminary findings seem to indicate that some aliphatic ethers showed interesting notes such as floral aroma, honey like aroma, green floral note.Yields, bps or mp, IR and 1H‐NMR spectral data of all compounds are reported.
Isolation and identification of human hair ceramides
Authors: HUSSLER G. , KABA G. , FRANCOIS A.M. , SAINT‐LEGER D. 
Published: May 2007

SynopsisThe analysis of the lipids extracted from human hair by silica‐gel‐column liquid chromatography permitted an isolation of the fraction enriched in free ceramides. These were identified by GC/MS and are related to ceramide classes 2 and 5 in which the long‐chain base was predominantly sphinganine. This differs from that observed in the free ceramides found within the stratum corenum.
New ex‐vivo method for evaluating the photoprotective efficacy of sunscreens
Authors: MARGINEAN G. , FRUCTUS A. E. , MARTY J.P. , ARNAUD‐BATTANDIER J. 
Published: May 2007

SynopsisThe photoprotective efficacy of some topical sunscreens was determined ex‐vivo by spectrophotometric assay using an irradiation monochromator and a diffuse reflectance sphere. Transmission scans were run from 400 to 290 nm through human epidermis samples before and after application of products and protection factors (PF) were calculated. The results are also expressed as the percentage of the radiation stopped by the products in each spectral range (UVB, short UVA and long UVA). All the formulations contained two chemical filters: butyl methoxy dibenzoyl methane and octyl methoxycinnamate in a range of concentrations. Estimates of the effectiveness of all products were higher than results in humans when calculated by this ex‐vivo technique. Due to its high discriminant power, this method constitutes a useful tool in the formulation of sunscreens.
Lactational State Modifies Alcohol Pharmacokinetics in Women
Authors: Pepino Marta Yanina , Steinmeyer Allison L. , Mennella Julie A. 
Published: May 2007

Background: Given the physiological adaptations of the digestive system during lactation, the present study tested the hypothesis that lactation alters alcohol pharmacokinetics.Methods: Lactating women who were exclusively breastfeeding a 2‐ to 5‐month‐old infant and 2 control groups of nonlactating women were studied. The first control group consisted of women who were exclusively formula‐feeding similarly aged infants, whereas the other consisted of women who had never given birth. A within‐subjects design study was conducted such that women drank a 0.4 g/kg dose of alcohol following a 12‐hour overnight fast during one test session (fasted condition) or 60 minutes after consuming a standard breakfast during the other (fed condition). Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels and mood states were obtained at fixed intervals before and after alcohol consumption.Results: Under both conditions, the resultant BAC levels at each time point were significantly lower and the area under the blood alcohol time curve were significantly smaller in lactating women when compared with the 2 groups of nonlactating women. That such changes were due to lactation per se and not due to recent parturient events was suggested by the finding that alcohol pharmacokinetics of nonlactating mothers, who were tested at a similar time postpartum, were no different from women who had never given birth. Despite lower BAC levels in lactating mothers, there were no significant differences among the 3 groups of women in the stimulant effects of alcohol. However, lactating women did differ in the sedative effects of alcohol when compared with nulliparous but not formula‐feeding mothers. That is, both groups of parous women felt sedated for shorter periods of time when compared with nulliparous women.Conclusions: The systemic availability of alcohol was diminished during lactation. However, the reduced availability of alcohol in lactating women did not result in corresponding changes in the subjective effects of alcohol.
Incidence of Atrial Arrhythmias Detected by Permanent Pacemakers (PPM) Post‐Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation (PVAI) for Atrial Fibrillation (AF): Correlation with Symptomatic Recurrence
Authors: VERMA ATUL , MINOR STEPHEN , KILICASLAN FETHI , PATEL DIMPI , HAO STEVEN , BEHEIRY SALWA , LAKKIREDDY DHANUMJAYA , ELAYI S. CLAUDE , CUMMINGS JENNIFER , MARTIN DAVID O. , BURKHARDT J. DAVID , SCHWEIKERT ROBERT A. , SALIBA WALID , TCHOU PATRICK J. , NATALE ANDREA 
Published: April 2007

Background: Studies examining AF recurrences post‐PVAI base recurrence on patient reporting of symptoms. However, whether asymptomatic recurrences are common is not well known. Objective: To assess the incidence of atrial tachycardia/fibrillation post‐PVAI as detected by a PPM and whether these recurrences correlate to symptomatic recurrence. Methods: Eighty‐six consecutive patients with symptomatic AF and PPMs with programmable mode‐switch capability underwent PVAI. Mode switching was programmed post‐PVAI to occur at an atrial‐sensed rate of >170 bpm. Patients were followed with clinic visits, ECG, and PPM interrogation at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months post‐PVAI. The number and duration of mode‐switching episodes (MSEs) were recorded at each visit and is presented as median (interquartile range). Results: The patients (age 57 ± 8 years, EF 54 ± 10%) had paroxysmal (65%) and persistent (35%) AF pre‐PVAI. Sensing, pacing, and lead function were normal for all PPMs at follow‐up. Of the 86 patients, 20 (23%) had AF recurrence based on symptoms. All 20 of these patients had appropriate MSEs detected. Of the 66 patients without symptomatic recurrence, 21 (32%) had MSEs detected. In 19 of these patients, MSEs were few in number, compared with patients with symptomatic recurrence (16 [4–256] vs 401 [151–2,470], P < 0.01). The durations were all <60 seconds. All of these nonsustained MSEs occurred within the first 3 months post‐PVAI, gradually decreasing over time. The other 2 of 21 remaining patients had numerous (1,343 [857–1,390]) and sustained (18 ± 12 minutes) MSEs that also persisted beyond 3 months (1 beyond 6 months). Therefore, the incidence of numerous, sustained MSEs in asymptomatic patients post‐PVAI was 2 of 66 (3%). Conclusions: Detection of atrial tachyarrhythmias by a PPM occurred in 30% of patients without symptomatic AF recurrence. Most of these episodes were <60 seconds and waned within 3 months. Sustained, asymptomatic episodes were uncommon.
Time Course of Esophageal Lesions After Catheter Ablation with Cryothermal and Radiofrequency Ablation: Implication for Atrio‐Esophageal Fistula Formation After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: RIPLEY KENNETH LAUREN , GAGE ANDREW A. , OLSEN DON B. , VAN VLEET JOHN F. , LAU CHU‐PAK , TSE HUNG‐FAT 
Published: April 2007

Background: Atrio‐esophageal fistulas have been described as a consequence of radiofrequency (RF) ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, whether cryoablation can avoid this potential fatal complication remains unclear. Methods and Results: We studied the effects of direct application of RF and cryoablation on the cervical esophagus in 16 calves. Cryoablation was performed with a 6.5‐mm catheter probe using a single 5‐minute freeze at <−80°C, and RF ablation was delivered with an 8‐mm catheter electrode at 50 W and 50°C for 45–60 seconds. Histopathologic assessments were performed at 1, 4, 7, and 14 day(s) after completion of the ablation protocol: four animals were examined each day. A total of 85 direct esophageal ablations were performed: 41 with RF and 44 with cryoablation. There were no significant differences in lesion width, depth, or volume between cryoablation and RF ablation at Day 1, 4, and 14 after the procedure (P > 0.05). However, lesion width and volume were significantly larger with RF than with cryoablation at Day 7. Although acute (Day 1) and chronic (Day 14) RF and cryoablation lesions were of comparable size, histologic evidence of partial‐ to full‐wall esophageal lesion ulceration was observed in 0 of 44 (0%) lesions with cryoablation, compared with 9 of 41 (22%) lesions with RF ablation (P = 0.0025). Conclusions: Direct application of cryoablation and RF ablation created similar acute and chronic lesion dimensions on the esophagus. However, cryoablation was associated with a significantly lower risk of esophageal ulceration, compared with RF ablation.
Mitochondria and Ca2+signaling
Authors: Toescu Emil C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMitochondria play a central role in cell homeostasis. Amongst others, one of the important functions of mitochondria is to integrate its metabolic response with one of the major signaling pathways ‐ the Ca2+signaling. Mitochondria are capable to sense the levels of cytosolic Ca2+and generate mitochondrial Ca2+responses. Specific mechanisms for both Ca2+uptake and Ca2+release exist in the mitochondrial membranes. In turn, the mitochondrial Ca2+signals are able to produce changes in the mitochondrial function and metabolism, which provide the required level of functional integration. This essay reviews briefly the current available information regarding the mitochondrial Ca2+transport systems and some of the functional consequences of mitochondrial Ca2+uptake
Comparative studies of the protein composition of red blood cell membranes from eight mammalian species
Authors: Matei H. , Frentescu L. , Benga Gh. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe polypeptide pattern of red blood cell (RBC) membranes from cow, sheep, horse, rabbit, guinea pig, rat, mouse, analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was compared to human RBC counterpart. Some qualitative and quantitative differences were noted. Among the high molecular weight components the bands 2.1‐ 2.3 appeared slightly decreased in rabbit and rat and increased in sheep RBC membranes. Band 3 appeared to have a higher molecular weight in the cow, guinea pig and mouse RBCs, and a lower molecular weight in the sheep RBCs. Band 4.1 from the RBC membranes of cow, sheep, rabbit and guinea pig was splitted into two sub‐bands, while band 4.2 overlapped with band 4.1 in horse and guinea pig RBC membranes. There are marked differences in the number and position of bands in the 4.5 region, while band 4.9 is present in higher amounts in horse, rabbit and guinea pig RBC membranes. Band 6 (glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase) was undetectable in horse, rat and mouse RBC membranes and was decreased in sheep, rabbit and guinea pig. There are also major differences in the region of band 7 and below (“post‐7”). Band 8 was undetectable in horse, cow and guinea pig, and was in higher amounts in rat. A band corresponding to a molecular weight of about 22 kD in the “post‐8” region was present only in guinea pig RBC membranes.
Tri‐dimensional prostate cell cultures in simulated microgravity and induced changes in lipid second messengers and signal transduction
Authors: Clejan Sanda , O'Connor Kim , Rosensweig Nitsa 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe high aspect rotating‐wall vessel (HARV) was designed to cultivate cells in an environment that simulate microgravity. We studied previously the effects of HARV cultivation on DU‐145 human prostate carcinoma cells. We determined that HARV cultivation produced a less aggressive, slower growing, less proliferative, more differentiated and less pliant cell than other cell cultivation methods. The result was a 3‐dimensional (3D) growth model of prostate cancer which mimics in vivo tissue growth. This work examines the signal transduction‐second messenger pathways existing temporarily in these HARV cells and correlates these features with the special properties in growth and 3D spheroid formation. We found an initial very active ceramide, a diacylglycerol increase together with increases in PI‐PLC and PLA2 a central defect in PLD (no phosphatic acid or phosphatidylethanol at any time during 15 days of HARV cultivation). There is a cross‐talk between ceramide and PI3K pathways with activation of PI3K, after 6 days of HARV growth concomitant with down‐regulation of ceramide. At this time, there is also an increase of cAMP (seen by increases in arachidonic acid). Taken together these results can explain the 3D organoidlike growth. We therefore developed a model for growth in HARV prostate cancer cells which involve temporal “switches” between second messengers, activation and cross‐talk between multiplicity of signaling pathways and a central defect in PLD pathways. Essential to the late slow growth, and 3D organotypic formation are the apoptotic, anti‐survival, anti‐proliferation and differentiation pathways in the first days of HARV, with growth of “new” different types of prostate cancer cells which set‐up for later “switch” in ceramide‐PI3K to survival and proliferation.
Oxidative damage following cerebral ischemia depends on reperfusion ‐ a biochemical study in rat
Authors: Nita D. Al. , Nita Viorica , Spulber St. , Moldovan M. , Popa Daniela Paula , Zagrean Ana‐Maria , Zagrean L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe extent of brain injury during reperfusion appears to depend on the experimental pattern of ischemia/reperfusion. The goals of this study were: first, to identify the rate of free radicals generation and the antioxidant activity during ischemia and reperfusion by means of biochemical measurement of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and both enzymatic (superoxid dismutase ‐ SOD, catalase ‐ CAT, glutathion peroxidase ‐ GPx) and non‐enzymatic antioxidants activity (glutathione ‐ GSH); and second, to try to find out how the pattern of reperfusion may influence the balance between free radical production and clearance. Wistar male rats were subject of four‐vessel occlusion model (Pulsinelly & Brierley) cerebral blood flow being controlled by means of two atraumatic arterial microclamps placed on carotid arteries. The level of free radicals and the antioxidant activity were measured in ischemic rat brain tissue homogenate using spectrophotometrical techniques. All groups subjected to ischemia shown an increase of LPO and a reduction of the activity of enzymatic antioxidative systems (CAT, GPx, SOD) and non‐enzymatic systems (GSH). For both groups subjected to ischemia and reperfusion, results shown an important increase of LPO but less significant than the levels found in the group with ischemia only. Statistically relevant differences (p<0.01) between continuous reperfusion and fragmented reperfusion were observed concerning the LPO, CAT, SOD and GSH levels, oxidative aggresion during fragmented reperfusion being more important.
Renal cortical remodelling by NO‐synthesis blockers in rats is prevented by angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor and calcium channel blocker
Authors: Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda C. A. , Pereira Leila M. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe cortical remodelling was studied when chronically nitric oxide synthesis (NOs) blockade (L‐NAME‐induced) hypertensive rats are simultaneously treated, or not, with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker. Four groups of eight rats each were studied as follows: Control (C), L‐NAME (L), L‐NAME+Enalapril (L+E) and L‐NAME+Verapamil (L+V). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was weekly recorded. The cortex of the left kidneys was analysed according to the vertical section design. The volume‐weighted mean glomerular volume (VWGV) was made through the “point‐sampled intercepts” method. Enalapril and verapamil were efficient in reducing the SBP in rats submitted to NOs blockade. Glomeruli had considerable alterations in L group rats (glomerular hypertrophy or sclerosis) and tubular atrophy. The VWGV was 100% greater in L group rats than in the C group rats, while it was 30% smaller in L+E and L+V groups than in L group. The tubular volume was 30–50% greater, while the tubular lenght was 20–30% smaller in L group than in the other groups. The renal cortical region showed glomerular sclerosis/hypertrophy and tubular remodelling in rats with NOs blockade that was efficiently prevented with the simultaneous treatment with enalapril or verapamil.
Gap junction remodeling and cardiac arrhythmogenesis: cause or coincidence?
Authors: Severs Nicholas J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGap junctions, clusters of transmembrane channels that link adjoining cells, mediate myocyte‐to‐myocyte electrical coupling and communication. The component proteins of gap junction channels are termed connexins and, in in vitro expression systems, gap‐junctional channels composed of different connexin types exhibit different biophysical properties. In common with other tissues, the heart expresses multiple connexin isoforms. Spatially defined patterns of expression of three connexin isoforms ‐ connexin43, connexin40 and connexin45 ‐ form the cell‐to‐cell conduction pathways responsible for the orderly spread of current flow that governs the normal cardiac rhythm. Remodeling of gap junction organization and connexin expression is a common feature of human heart disease conditions in which there is an arrhythmic tendency. This remodeling may take the form of disturbances in the distribution of gap junctions and/or quantitative alterations in connexin expression, notably reduced ventricular connexin43 levels. The idea that such changes may contribute to the development of a pro‐arrhythmic substrate in the diseased heart has gained ground over the last decade. Recent studies using transgenic mice models have raised new opportunities to explore the significance of gap junction remodeling in the diseased heart.
Akt and PTEN: New diagnostic markers of non‐small cell lung cancer?
Authors: David Odile 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe are particularly interested in testing the principles of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the microenvironment of human lung cancers with respect to the cell survival protein Akt1 and PTEN2. Akt is a cytosolic protein which promotes cell survival by phosphorylative inactivation of targets in apoptotic pathways. Akt has been found to play a role in the survival of experimental cancer cell lines in breast, prostate, ovary, lung and brain tissue. PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene whose protein product is expressed in inverse proportion to phosphorylated Akt in endometrial and breast cancer cell lines. No studies of the diagnostic significance of Akt and PTEN in human lung cancers have been reported.
Chromosome‐mediated alterations of the MYC gene in human cancer
Authors: Popescu N. C. , Zimonjic D. B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe step‐wise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer development includes chromosome rearrangements and viral integration‐mediated genetic alterations that frequently involve proto‐oncogenes. Protooncogenes deregulation lead to unlimited, self‐sufficient cell growth and ultimately generates invasive and destructive tumors. C‐MYC gene, the cellular homologue of the avian myelocitic leukemia virus, is implicated in a large number of human solid tumors, leukemias and lymphomas as well as in a variety of animal neoplasias. Deregulated MYC expression is a common denominator in cancer. Chromosomal rearrangements and integration of oncogenic viruses frequently target MYC locus, causing structural or functional alterations of the gene. In this article, we illustrate how genomic rearrangements and viruses integration affect MYC locus in certain human lymphomas and solid tumors.
Essential arterial hypertension and polymorphism of angiotensiongen M235T gene
Authors: Procopciuc Lucia , Popescu T. , Jebeleanu Gh. , Pop D. , Zdrengehea D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSeveral candidate genes, chosen from the renin‐ angiotensin system, were examined for their association with essential hypertension. The genes of the renin‐ angiotensin system (RAS) are good candidates for such an approach because this system is well known to be involved in the control of blood pressure. One of these candidate genes is the gene encoding for angiotensinogen (the most important gene of the RAS associated with essential hypertension in the most population, is the gene for angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐ ACE). One DNA polymorphism within exon 2‐ with threonine instead of methionine at position 235 (M235T) was found to be significantly associated with hypertension. The objective of this study is the analysis of M235T polymorphism in angiotensinogen gene in Romanian patients with essential hypertension as well as controls. We examined 38 patients with essential hypertension and 21 normotensive patients. In order to identify the M235T angioteninogen variant, we used the following methods: DNA extraction, PCR amplification and enzymatic digestion of the PCR product using Tth IIII restriction endonuclease enzyme. In the study groups, the M235T variant (Met?Thr in aminoacid position 235) was found more frequently in hypertensive patients (81,57%), than in control subjects (66,66%). We identified 52,63% M235T heterozygotes in the hypertensive group compared with 47,61% in the control group, and 28,94% T235T homozygotes in the hypertensive group compared with 19,04% in the control group. The results of our study suggest an association of the M235T polymorphism in the gene encoding angiotensinogen with essential hypertension
Chondromalacia induced by patellar subluxation: morphological and morphometrical aspects in rabbits
Authors: Sant'Anna M. M. S. , Apfel M. I. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe morphologically and quantify the changes of the articular cartilage in chondromalacia, concerning both the chondrocytes and extracellular matrix. Eight rabbits were submitted daily to patellar subluxation, causing chondromalacia after two weeks. The knee fragments obtained were processed by the standard methods. These experimental conditions caused degenerative alterations of the articular cartilage, varying from a slight decrease of proteoglycans, to fibrillations, clefts, and horizontal splitting. The results showed a significantly increase number of chondrocytes (p < 0,000139), although smaller in size (p < 0,000109). The immobilization for 2 weeks and the intermittent passive daily motion afterwards for a period of 2 weeks, was effective to cause patellar chrondomalacia in rabbits.
Neoductular progenitor cells regenerate hepatocytes in severely damaged liver: a comparative ultrastructural study
Authors: Mandache E. , Vidulescu Cristina , Gherghiceanu Mihaela , Dragomir P. , Popescu L. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn severely injured liver, stem cells give rise to progeny that tend to replace lost hepatocytes. Neoductular reaction appears as an inherent stage of liver reconstruction following severe damage caused by different pathological mechanisms. Few ultrastructural types of progenitor cells have been described, and some molecular phenotypes of progenitor stages have been characterized, but the details of the differentiation process are largely unknown. We prepared for light and electron microscopy examination human liver from biopsies of patients with chronic active hepatitis, and rat liver with allyl alcohol‐induced periportal necrosis. We found that progenitor neoductular cells acquire the hepatocytic polarity pattern during a multi‐step process apparently involving cell migration and dissolution of neoductular basement membrane. An intermediate stage with “mixed” ductular and hepatocytic polarity was described.