bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
n‐Hexane Polyneuropathy†
Authors: YAMAMURA Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2008

SummaryNinety‐three cases of intoxication polyneuropathy occured among household workers exposed to excess concentrations of the n‐hexane vapor over several months or more.

The chief manifestation was polyneuropathy of glove‐and‐stocking type. According to the mode of involvement, they were classified into three groups: sensory polyneuropathy 53 cases, sensorimotor polyneuropathy 32 cases and sensorimotor polyneuropathy with amyotrophy 8 cases. Slight optic nerve involvements were observed in 8 cases. No symptoms or signs indicating lesions of the central nervous system and of spinal cord were discovered. In severely affected cases the symptoms progressed for about 2 months even after detachment from noxious environment.
No constant significant abnormalities were revealed in the laboratory examinations including urinalysis, complete blood counts, liver function tests, S T S and cerebrospinal fluid studies.
Biopsies of the peripheral nerve disclosed destruction of the myeline sheath with relatively well preserved axon. Muscle biopsies revealed that muscle tissue was largely replaced by fatty tissue and showed the features of neurogenic atrophy. Electromyography and conduction velocity of the peripheral nerve coincide with denervation and reinnervation processes of the nerve.
Characteristic features of this disease are discussed in comparison with other intoxication polyneuropathies.
Sexual Differences in Human Somatosensory Evoked Responses
Authors: IKUTA Takumi 
Published: March 2008

SummaryConverting the patterns of the Somatosensory Evoked Response (SER) recorded from 29 schizophrenic adult inpatients, 12 males and 17 females, into the series of integers, the sexual differences in SER were studied by means of off‐line computation.

IIA‐SER Patterns (Inter‐Individual Average Somatosensory Evoked Response Patterns) were shown with 29 subjects in all, with 12 males, and with 17 females.
Marked differences between the IIA‐SER Patterns of males and of females were found. The latencies of P1, N2, P2, Pa and N4 were longer, but that of N3 was shorter in IIA‐SER Pattern of males than in that of females. Most of the amplitudes between the given pairs of the components were higher in the IIA‐SER Pattern of females than in that of males. The vertical difference between both IIA‐SER Patterns attained the maximum at 116 msec in latency.
Studying the heights of each individual SER patterns at 116 msec in latency, the sex of the subjects was discriminated correctly at the rate of 72%.
Adopting the Discriminant Function proposed in the present study, the sex of the subjects was discriminated correctly by their SER patterns at the rate of 90%.
Changes of Human Somatosensory Evoked Response in the Course of Insulin Hypoglycemic Coma
Authors: IKUTA Takumi 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe changes of human Somatosensory Evoded Response (SER) in the course of insulin hypoglycemic coma were invest gated, referring to the changes of EEG and of clinical manifestations. As the indicators for the analysis of SER pattern, latencies of components and amplitudes between the given pair of components, which were based on the subjective judgement of investigators specifying the components, were used besides visual analysis. Further, SER patterns were converted into the series of numbers, then subjected to off‐line computation according to the formulae, in order to express quantitatively and completely objectively the deviation of the given SER pattern from the primary SER pattern. The results derived from each indicators were compared.

In the primary SER pattern of the subject, components N1, P1, N2, P2, N3, P3, N4, P4 and N5 with the latencies of 16, 23, 31, 40, 59, 112, 196, 310 and 416 msec, respectively, were specified.
At the maximal change, the increase of P1, N3, P3 and N4 was remarkable.
The latencies increased to 106, 104, 135, 160, 190, 204 and 194% of the primary value with N1, P1, N2, P2, N3, P3 and N4, respectively, at the different time, during the period of impaired consciousness. The process of changes of these latencies were different between different components, and not consistent even with the given component.
The change of amplitude between the given pair of components differed markedly between different components, and inconsistent even with the given pair of components. The range of the change was wide, covering – 76–320% of the primary value.
Sum AD was a better indicator rather than latencies and amplitudes, especially with 500 msec analysis time.
Sum (4) was the most relevant with the changes of EEG and of clinical manifestations among the indicators employed in the present study, especially with 250 msec analysis time.
Correlation coefficient was unreliable as the indicator.
The Determination of Ammonia in Arterial and Venous Blood by Immediate Fixation
Authors: TAKAMIZAWA Missa , KOYA Akiko , TORU Michio 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA method for determination of blood ammonia was devised by fixing the blood with a trichloroacetic acid solution within 1 sec after shedding. The ammonia value using this technique was much lower than using whole blood in the assay of the same sample, while the recovery of the nitrogen added to the whole blood was 100%. The minimum ammonia value was obtained immediately after shedding by our method, and in 30 normal subjects the values for venous blood ammonia were 0.62 ± 0.22 μig ammonia nitrogen per ml and in 12 normal subjects the values for arterial blood ammonia were 0.52 ± 0.28 μg ammonia nitrogen per ml. According to our method, the blood specimens mixed with trichloroacetic acid and standing at 0° did not change its ammonia content after 1 hour, and the value for supernatant of blood extracted with trichloroacetic acid was also unchanged at –20° after more than 24 hours.Ammonia values of arterial and venous blood were determined in patients with various diseases or liver diseases. The values of patients without liver dysfunction were almost within normal range while those with liver disease showed little higher than normal. Ammonia determination of blood and cerebrospinal fluid was performed in patients with Inose type of the hepatocerebral disease and their values almost always exceeded the normal levels.
“Hitomishiri” as a Japanese Concept of Stranger Anxiety and Anthropophobia
Authors: FUJITA Chihiro 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWe have considered a feeling of “Hito‐mishiri” and anthropophobia as a state of personal relations that is closely related to the special consciousness that one realizes oneself to belong to the inside or the outside circle, postulating that a feeling of shame underlies “Hitomishiri”.The statistical survey of the images over “Hitomishiri” revealed that double‐structural characteristics is seen in a feeling of personal relations.In this connection anthropophobia and “Hitomishiri” were also discussed. “Hitomishiri”, however, should be considered in another aspects when it is felt in a certain personal relations; one of the aspects is a response to one's consciousness of others arising from one's awareness of own body. These two kinds of consciousness are two cooperative alternatives for the mental integrity; one's own consciousness corresponds to others‘, and in consequently both interact with each other as two cooperative alternative factors for the mental integrity in which, if one becomes conscious, others respond to it.Therefore, a feeling of “Hitomishiri” forms a pair with one's awareness of body, normally an unnoticed, neutral background for consciousness, which is obtained through one's sense that feels something from with in a certain physical state, as the relations of one in the inside to others in the outside circle is disclosed by the emotional disturbance in one's environs. It seems to be characteristic of hypochondriac trait, that it is initiated in the proess where one experiences a unpleasant, unstable feeling, and trys to exclude it because one always lives with pleasant, stable feelings with those who are in the same inside circle.For this reason, we should not ignore the historical background with regard to that a desire for self approval is controlled by the emotional, cultural conditions in Japan. It seems to be somewhat difficult at present to perform detailed analysis of “Hitomishiri,”“shame”, and anthropophobia, because there are few of comparative studies on them available.If we continue investigation of anthropophobia and orthopsiaphobia in the direction on as so far discussed, it will serve to make deeper analysis of these psychological disturbances that are popular in Japan.
The Somatosensory Evoked Potential in Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases
Authors: MIYOSHI Seido , LÜDERS Hans , KATO Motohiro , KUROIWA Yoshigoro 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe somatosensory evoked potential in hand area for contralateral median nerve stimuli was studied by summation method using a digital computer. Thirty‐four recordings were obtained from 27 patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Analysis time were 62.5 msec and 500 msec. Nine components, N1, P1, N2, P2, N3, N1P1, P1N2, N2P2, P2N3 appeared in 62.5 msec and the later component appeared in 500 msec analysis time. Each component was compared with those of 40 normal subjects. It was considered abnormal when it came out of the median ± 2SD of normal control. When all of ten were normal it was classified normal; when seven to nine were normal, as slightly abnormal; when four to six, as moderately abnormal, and when less than three, as severely abnormal. Of 34 recordings, 5 normal, 11 slightly abnormal, 4 moderately abnormal and 14 were severely abnormal. The SEP evoluted well during the course of illness with association to the clinical improvement, and the alteration of SEP correlated well with the severity of neurological state, though there were some exceptional cases. There were nine recordings of which SEPs were abnormal not only in the affected side but also in the unaffected hemisphere. Three attenuated, three enhanced responses and other three showed symmetric small P1N2 pattern. The former six cases appeared in the severely abnormal group. The symmetric small P1N2 pattern seen in three cases was considered to be one of abnormal types.As to correlation of each component of SEP and neurological state, position, vibration and two‐point discrimination sensations were closely related to the absence of every all the ten components. Pain and temperature were not related to N1 and N1P1, but related to the absence of the remainder components. Touch and electrical sensation were questionably related to the absence of Nl and N1P1 and related significantly to the remainder components. As to delay of the latency and attenuation of the amplitude, there was no relationship between the components and each neurological state except for delayed P2 which was questionably related to impaired vibration sense (P = 0.2). Muscle power was significantly related to the defect of N2P2 and questionably to defect of N1P1, P1N2, P2N3 and the later component and attenuation of N1P1 and N2P2. Spasticity and hyperreflexia were not related to any of SEP components.In comparison of EEG and SEP, the percentage of abnormality in SEP was higher than that of routine EEG.
“Neuro‐Behçet's syndrome”–Case report with pathological findings–
Authors: ISHINO Hiroshi , HIGASHI Hirofumi , OTSUKI Saburo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA case of Neuro‐Behcet's syndrome was reported clinicopathologically.A man of 37 years old at the time of death, which occurred seven and one‐half years after the first appearance of stomatitis and six and one‐half years after the first neurological manifestations. The illness began with buccal aphthae, erythema of the lower limbs and arthralgia. Thereafter neurological symptoms such as gait disturbance, numbness of the limbs and urinary disorder recurred. Soon afterwards genital ulcers, diplopia, forced crying and laughing succeeded. Neurologically paresis of oculomotor nerve, bulbar palsy, cerebellar signs, pathologic reflex and superficial and deep sensory disturbance below the level of Th4 were noted. Ocular signs were not observed.Pathologically 1) Gliosed foci of softening with centrally situated cavities 2) Unsharply defined foci of demyelination 3) Perivascular accumulation of fat granule cells. The above mentioned changes were observed in the subcortical white matter, internal capsule, puta‐men, midbrain, pontine basis, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. In the cerebral cortex foci of spongio‐necrosis were noted rarely. Demyelination was noted in the optic nerve. In general inflammatory perivascular lymphocytic infiltrations remained mild. There was also cerebellar cortical degeneration.The clinical and the anatomical findings were discussed. Comparison with previously reported chronic cases suggests that this combination of a lowd‐grade diffuse encephalitis with severe necrotic focal lesion forms the characteristic pathological pattern in the present case.
Quantitative Pharmaco‐Electroencephalography in Early Evaluation of Psychotropic Drugs*
Authors: ITIL Turan M. , ULETT George A. , FUKUDA Tetsuo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOur studies have shown that the method of quantitative pharmaco‐electroencephalo‐graphy, using digital computer period analysis of the EEG and statistical procedures in the evaluation of a new drug can: a) determine the drug's central effectiveness when given the first time in man, b) predict its clinical value, and c) predict its effective single dosage ranges. Although the scalp‐recorded EEG is a less than perfect method of evaluating human behavior, our experimental studies, as well as clinical trials, have demonstrated that it is an extremely useful approach in the very early evaluation of new drugs.
A Clinical and Pathological Study of Myeloneuropathy following Abdominal Disorders
Authors: TATETSU Seijun , MIYAKAWA Taihei , FUJITA Eisuke , TAKAKI Motoaki , HARADA Masazumi 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA man aged 58, who had suddenly an attack of severe watery diarrhoea, abdominal pain and nausea with febricula, which continued for 5 days. For these symptoms he was administrated with chloramphenicol for 7 days (total does 7000 mg). Following this he began to have paresthesia, hypes‐thesia, and disturbance of motility in the lower limbs. Then he had flaccid paralysis, hypotonus of muscles, decrease of tendon reflexes, positive sign of Babinski in the lower limbs. Although he had period of convalescence for a while, the disease gradually grew worse to die. The period of the disease was 510 days. Histopathologi‐cally, noticeable changes were observed on the peripheral nerve and spinal cord; the degeneration of sciatic nerve and Goll's tract from upper part of cervical spinal cord to lower part of lumber spinal cord. In addition to these changes, degeneration or deletion of the nerve cell in Ammon's horn, central chromatolysis of Betz cells and accumulation of fat granules in the anterior horn cells were observed. These histopatho‐logical changes were very similar to those of nicotinic acid deficiency (Pellagra). On the other hand, he had been treated with many kind of drugs. In this point of view, the etiology of SMON was supposed various factors, such as nicotinic acid deficiency, vitamin deficiency, metabolic disturbance and poisoning. However, disposition of the body site must be attached great importance to this disease.In addition to this case, other two cases also had not taken chinoform. Considering these facts, it is the authors opinion that the etiology of SMON can not exclusively be attributed to chinoform intoxication.
Course of Endogenous Manic‐Depressive Psychosis, Precipitating Factors and Premorbid Personality– A Statistical Study
Authors: OKUMA Teruo , SHIMOYAMA Naoko 
Published: March 2008

Summary

One hundred and thirty four endogenous manic‐depressive psychotics were classified into 24 types according to the combination of the age of onset (early, intermediate, middle, late) and length of symptom‐free interval period (continuous, frequent, periodic, periodic to continuous, periodic to frequent, intermittent).
The cases with shorter symptom‐free interval period such as those belonging to continuous and frequent types tended to have earlier onset, and longer interval tended to be combined with later onset.
The incidence of bipolar type was very high in the early onset group and declined as the age of onset became higher. All of the continuous type patients showed bipolar course, whereas the incidence of monopolar type was 4 to 5 times as high as that of bipolar in periodic and intermittent types.
The incidence of episodes with precipitating factors was around 70% in all types except for a very low incidence in the early‐continuous type. However, the number of cases in which more than a half of their episodes were precipitated by external factors, was only about 30% of the cases with precipitating factors. The incidence of such cases was very low in continuous and frequent types and relatively high in periodic and intermittent types.
The incidence of the episode with precipitating factors was highest in the first episode and declined progressively as the episode repeated. That is, the disease tended to recur automatically without discernible precipitating factors supposedly due to a mechanism of channelling.
No definite relationship could be found between the personality types such as immodithymic (immobilithymic, melancholic) and cyclothymic types, the onset‐interval types, and the presence or absence of precipitating factors, except for a low incidence of immodithymic personality in continuous type.
The role of the biological process, premorbid personality and external precipitating factors in the pathogenesis of affective psychosis was discussed.
Deafness and Peripheral Neuropathy following Carbon Monoxide Intoxication–Report of a case–
Authors: GOTO Ikuo , MIYOSHI Tasuku , OOYA Yoshitomo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryDeafness and peripheral neuropathy are relatively rare complications of carbon monoxide intoxication. A case of carbon monoxide intoxication is presented with bilateral hearing loss and tinnitus, weakness and sensory impairment in the left hand, and weakness and atrophy of the left quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles.Audiograms showed hearing loss of the perceptive type followed by partial improvement. Electromyograms revealed a neurogenic pattern and motor nerve conduction velocity was decreased in both legs.The etiology of the deafness and peripheral neuropathy in this case is not clear but is suspected to be due to combination of toxicity, hypoxia and compression.
Ipsilateral Somatosensory Evoked Responses in Man
Authors: TAMURA Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIpsilateral and contralateral SERs to stimulation of the median nerve have been studied in man. Contralateral responses with distinct peaks were observed constantly in every control subject and ipsilateral responses were also obtained. The latencies of the ipsilateral responses were longer than those of the contralateral ones except initial small positive peak. The amplitudes of the ipsilateral responses were smaller than those of the contralateral ones.In patients with sensory impairment, the normal ipsilateral and contralateral responses appeared when the non‐affected side was stimulated. When the affected side was stimulated, however, the ipsilateral and contralateral SERs were markedly reduced or abolished. An autopsy case with metastatic tumor of the one thalamus was reported. In this case, there was no apparent response over the ipsilateral and contralateral hemisphere after stimulation of the affected side,These results are compatible with the idea that ipsilateral SERs are the result of subsequent activation of the ipsilateral hemisphere via an interhemispheric pathway, possibly involving the corpus callosum.
A Case with Atrophy and Diffuse Sclerosis of the Cerebral White Matter
Authors: ISHINO Hiroshi , HIGASHI Susumu , MOTOIKE Mitsuo 
Published: March 2008

Summary

A 45‐year‐old female at the time of death complained of dysarthria and hand tremor at age 35, followed by intellectual deterioration and gait disturbance. At age 38, disorientation and a progressive rigidity of the type associated with decortication set in. At age 39, loss of volitional movements and a progressive deterioration of speech were noted. She remained apallic during the last two years. Death occurred at 45 years, nine and a half years after the onset of the disease.
The pathological findings were remarkable atrophy and sclerosis of the cerebral white matter together with the lesion of subcortical U‐fibres. The corpus callosum, periventricular areas, corona radiata, internal capsule, basal ganglia and optic nerves were spared. Neither fat granule cells nor lymphocytic perivascular infiltration was found.
The authors are, in all likelihood, dealing with a case of circulatory disturbance and discussed the pathogenesis.
Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on Emotional Behavior in Rats with Limbic Lesions, with Special Reference to Olfactory Bulb Ablations
Authors: UEKI Showa , NURIMOTO Seiichi , OGAWA Nobuya 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe effects of various psychotropic drugs on emotional behavior of the rats with bilateral ablations of the olfactory bulb (O.B. rat) were compared with those in the intact as well as in the rats with septal or amygdaloid lesions.1. Chlorpromazine markedly reduced both ambulation and rearing in intact as well as limbic lesioned rats. The hyper‐motional responses to all kinds of stimuli were suppressed by this drug in the O.B. and septal rats.2. Diazepam also suppressed the hyper‐emotional responses of the O.B. and septal rats, but on the contrary to chlorpromazine, it increased ambulation whereas it decreased rearing in the intact and amygdaloid rats. Diazepam, however, greatly decreased both ambulation and rearing of the O.B. and septal rats.3. Pentobarbital had no significant effect on the hyperemotionality of the O.B. and septal rats in subhypnotic doses. Pentobarbital, like diazepam, increased ambulation but decreased rearing of the intact rats, although it markedly reduced both ambulation and rearing of the septal rat, and showed less significant effects on ambulation of the O.B. and amygdaloid rats.4. Imipramine, similarly to chlorpromazine, decreased both ambulation and rearing in each group of the rats. Imipramine selectively blocked mouse‐killing behavior without affecting the other hyperemotional responses to stimuli of the O.B. rats. These properties were shared with amitriptyline and nialamide.5. It is suggested that the analyses of drug effects on emotional behaviors of the rats with various limbic lesions are helpful to distinguish the mode of action of various psychotropic agents. (This study was supported in part by the grant for the research of science from the Department of Education of the Government of Japan.)
Somatosensory Evoked Responses in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: TAMURA Kiyoshi , KUROIWA Yoshigoro 
Published: March 2008

SummarySomatosensory evoked responses were studied in sixteen patients with multiple sclerosis. Eight patients of these demonstrated abnormal form of SERs. The abnormal SERs were characterized by prominent alteration of peak N2. The improvement of the SERs as a patient passed through an attack of multiple sclerosis tended to lag behind the clinical improvement.