bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the water quality dynamics in the coastal waters of Kollam (Kerala, India) using Sentinel images
Authors: Prasad Anagha , Prasad P. Rama Chandra , Rao N. Srinivasa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCoastal waters are complex, dynamic, and sensitive, and any change in the system impacts the marine environment and life. Coastal water quality has been decreasing due to the incursion of anthropogenic derived waste and toxins into the ocean. This study investigates water quality along the Kollam coast of Kerala State, India, using Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imager (MSI) data for the period of 2019–2022. Four key water quality parameters, chlorophyll (Chl-a), total suspended matter (TSM), turbidity, and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), were analysed for seasonal variations and driving factors. The study highlights the potential of web-based platforms like Google Earth Engine for facilitating large-scale water quality assessments. The results reveal a distinct seasonal pattern in all parameters, primarily influenced by monsoonal riverine discharge and anthropogenic activities as contributing factors to water quality degradation. Overall, the study emphasises the need for comprehensive monitoring and management strategies to ensure the long-term sustainability of the coastal ecosystem.
Longitudinal Variations of Mars Thermosphere CO2, Ar, N2, and O Densities From MAVEN: Dependencies on Species Mass, Solar Flux, and Local Time
Authors: Forbes Jeffrey M. , Fang Xiaohua , Zhang Xiaoli , Benna Mehdi , González‐Galindo Francisco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMeasurements of CO2, Ar, N2, and O densities between 150 and 200 km from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer during February 2015 to February 2022 are analyzed to provide a comprehensive analysis of their longitudinal wavenumber k = 1, 2, and 3 components. Variations in density amplitudes (Ak) with solar flux are marginally detectable during this period. The Ak binned and averaged in latitude, local solar time and Ls are referenced to diurnal‐ and zonal‐mean backgrounds in accord with how tides and stationary planetary waves (SPWs) are defined in theory and modeling. The resulting global Ak distributions are the interference patterns formed by superposition of diurnal tides, SPWs and/or semidiurnal tides; consequently, a simple dependence on species mass consistent with thermal expansion (diffusive equilibrium) that might exist for some individual wave components is obscured. Additionally, vertical winds likely contribute to deviations from diffusive equilibrium. Complementary analyses of the Mars Climate Database indicate that the major contributors to the Ak are DE2, SE1, DE1, and SPW1, 2, 3; support the absence of significant variability due to solar flux; and indicate a more well‐defined sensitivity to species mass. The Ak and their phases (longitudes of maxima) for the whole data set are available as part of Supporting Information S1.
An Ensemble Learning Model Reveals Accelerated Reductions in Snow Depth Over Arctic Sea Ice Under High‐Emission Scenarios
Authors: Li H. L. , Ke C. Q. , Shen X. Y. , Zhu Q. H. , Cai Y. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere are significant differences in snow depth predictions among different earth system models, and many models underestimate snow depth, restricting their application. Here, major factors influencing snow depth changes in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) were identified and evaluated. Based on satellite‐derived snow depth and CMIP6 data, an ensemble learning model based on multiple deep learning methods (hereafter referred to as the Multi‐DL model) was developed to predict future snow depth. According to satellite observations and two Operation IceBridge products, the Multi‐DL model yielded root mean square errors of 7.48, 6.20, and 6.17 cm. A continuous decrease in snow depth was observed from 2002 to 2100, and the rate of decrease accelerated with increasing emissions. Under the highest emission scenario, the first snow‐free year occurred in 2047, within the same decade as the first ice‐free year (2056). The predicted warm season snow depth was sensitive to sea ice velocity, sea ice concentration (siconc), precipitation, sea surface temperature (tos) and albedo, while the predicted cold season snow depth was sensitive to tos, air temperature, and siconc. The above parameters introduce some snow depth uncertainty. This method provides new ideas for predicting snow depth, and the generated snow depth records can provide data support for formulating Arctic‐related policies.
First Observation of Electron Rolling‐Pin Distribution in Jupiter's Magnetosphere
Authors: Wang C. Q. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Wang Z. , Guo Z. Z. , Fu W. D. , Yao Z. H. , Wei Y. , Zhang B. Z. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe electron rolling‐pin distribution, showing electron pitch angles primarily at 0°, 90°, and 180°, has been widely studied in the Earth's magnetosphere, but has never been reported in other planetary environments. Here, by utilizing the Jupiter Near‐polar Orbiter (Juno) measurements, we report for the first time the electron rolling‐pin distribution in Jupiter's magnetosphere. We reveal the energy range of such distribution and find it appears only above 19.5 keV, falling well into the suprathermal energy range. Moreover, we quantitively reproduce the formation processes of such distribution by using an analytical model. Gratifyingly, the distribution derived from the analytical model agrees well with the Juno observations, indicating such distribution is formed by the combination of global‐scale Fermi acceleration and local‐scale betatron acceleration. These results, demonstrating that the electron rolling‐pin distribution exists beyond the Earth, can improve our knowledge of electron dynamics in planetary magnetosphere.
Role of dietary interventions on microvascular health in South-Asian Surinamese people with type 2 diabetes in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: van der Velden Anouk I. M. , IJpelaar Daphne H. T. , Chandie Shaw Prataap K. , Pijl Hanno , Vink Hans , van der Vlag Johan , Rabelink Ton J. , van den Berg Bernard M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background/objectives
We investigated whether dietary interventions, i.e. a fasting mimicking diet (FMD, Prolon®) or glycocalyx mimetic supplementation (EndocalyxTM) could stabilize microvascular function in Surinamese South-Asian patients with type 2 diabetes (SA-T2DM) in the Netherlands, a patient population more prone to develop vascular complications.

Subjects/methods
A randomized, placebo controlled, 3-arm intervention study was conducted in 56 SA-T2DM patients between 18 and 75 years old, for 3 consecutive months, with one additional follow up measurement 3 months after the last intervention. Sublingual microcirculation was assessed with SDF-imaging coupled to the GlycoCheckTM software, detecting red blood cell velocity, capillary density, static and dynamic perfused boundary region (PBR), and the overall microvascular health score (MVHS). Linear mixed models and interaction analysis were used to investigate the effects the interventions had on microvascular function.

Results
Despite a temporal improvement in BMI and HbA1c after FMD the major treatment effect on microvascular health was worsening for RBC-velocity independent PBRdynamic, especially at follow-up. Glycocalyx supplementation, however, reduced urinary MCP-1 presence and improved both PBRdynamic and MVHSdynamic, which persisted at follow-up.

Conclusions
We showed that despite temporal beneficial changes in BMI and HbA1c after FMD, this intervention is not able to preserve microvascular endothelial health in Dutch South-Asian patients with T2DM. In contrast, glycocalyx mimetics preserves the microvascular endothelial health and reduces the inflammatory cytokine MCP-1.

Clinical study registration
NCT03889236.
Propensity score-matched evaluation of palliative transurethral resection and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for bladder outlet obstruction in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Tamalunas Alexander , Keller Patrick , Schott Melanie , Stadelmeier Leo Federico , Kidess Marc , Atzler Michael , Ebner Benedikt , Hennenberg Martin , Stief Christian G. , Magistro Giuseppe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
While transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the standard-of-care, Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is widely accepted as a size-independent method for surgical treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). However, in an ageing society an increasing number of patients presents with BOO due to locally advanced prostate cancer. There is currently no guidelines recommendation as to the enucleation or resection technique. Therefore, we compared intraoperative performance, postoperative outcomes, and safety for palliative (p)TURP and (p)HoLEP.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, propensity score-matched analysis of 1373 and 2705 men who underwent TURP or HoLEP for LUTS/BOO between 2014 and 2021, respectively. Patients were matched for age, prostate size and preoperative international prostate symptom score (IPSS). Patients were stratified by technique and groups were compared for perioperative parameters, safety, and functional outcomes.

Results
While postoperative symptoms and urodynamic parameters improved irrespective of technique, we report significantly increased resection and enucleation times for palliative indication. For corresponding efficiency parameters, we observed a two-fold higher surgical performance (g/min) for both techniques in patients without prostate cancer. While adverse events were comparable between groups, we found a two-fold higher hemoglobin drop in palliative patients.

Conclusions
Currently, there is no standard-of-care for patients with BOO and locally advanced prostate cancer. Our data show that both TURP and HoLEP offer adequate symptom improvement and comparable safety profiles. While HoLEP is feasible even in larger prostates, both procedures become more difficult in patients with prostate cancer. Taken together, this study covers an important gap in current literature, helping urological surgeons to make evidence-based decisions for the benefit of their patients.
Comparison of incident hypertension between SGLT2 inhibitors vs. DPP4 inhibitors
Authors: Suzuki Yuta , Kaneko Hidehiro , Okada Akira , Komuro Jin , Fujiu Katsuhito , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Ako Junya , Nishiyama Akira , Yano Yuichiro , Ieda Masaki , Node Koichi , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough several randomized clinical trials have reported the potential benefit of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in reducing blood pressure (BP), whether SGLT2i can reduce incident hypertension is unknown. We analyzed individuals with diabetes who were newly prescribed SGLT2i or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in a large-scale epidemiological database. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypertension. A propensity score matching algorithm was employed to compare the subsequent development of hypertension between the SGLT2i and DPP4i groups. After propensity score matching, 5708 well-balanced pairs of SGLT2i and DPP4i users were identified. SGLT2i administration was associated with a reduced risk of hypertension (HR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84–0.97). The advantage of SGLT2i use over DPP4i use for incident hypertension was generally consistent in several sensitivity analyses, and subgroup analyses showed that SGLT2i use was significantly associated with a lower risk of hypertension in men, patients with baseline HbA1c of <7.5%, and baseline systolic blood pressure ≥127 mmHg. Our investigation using nationwide real-world data demonstrated the potential advantage of SGLT2i over DPP4i in reducing the development of hypertension in individuals with diabetes.
The effect of hypertension on cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity in atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Walsh Harvey J. , Junejo Rehan T. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Fisher James P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension (HTN) are both associated with impaired cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity (CVRCO2), an indicator of cerebral vasodilatory reserve. We hypothesised that CVRCO2 would be lower in patients with both AF and HTN (AF + HTN) compared to normotensive AF patients, due to an additive effect of AF and HTN on CVRCO2. Forty AF (68 ± 9 years) and fifty-seven AF + HTN (68 ± 8 years) patients underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasound measurement of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCA Vm) during stepped increases and decreases in end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2). A cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi) was calculated as the ratio of MCA Vm and mean arterial pressure (MAP). CVRCO2 was determined from the linear slope for MCA Vm and MCA CVCi vs PETCO2. Baseline MAP was higher in AF + HTN than AF (107 ± 9 vs. 98 ± 9 mmHg, respectively; p < 0.001), while MCA Vm was not different (AF + HTN:49.6 [44.1–69.0]; AF:51.7 [45.2–63.3] cm.s−1; p = 0.075), and CVCi was lower in AF + HTN (0.46 [0.42–0.57] vs. 0.54 [0.44–0.63] cm.s−1.mmHg−1; p < 0.001). MCA Vm CVRCO2 was not different (AF + HTN: 1.70 [1.47–2.19]; AF 1.74 [1.54–2.52] cm/s/mmHg−2; p = 0.221), while CVCi CVRCO2 was 13% lower in AF + HTN (0.013 ± 0.004 vs 0.015 ± 0.005 cm.s−1.mmHg−1; p = 0.047). Our results demonstrate blunted cerebral vasodilatory reserve (determined as MCA CVCi CVRCO2) in AF + HTN compared to AF alone. This may implicate HTN as a driver of further cerebrovascular dysfunction in AF that may be important for the development of AF-related cerebrovascular events and downstream cognitive decline.
The nature of non-phononic excitations in disordered systems
Authors: Schirmacher Walter , Paoluzzi Matteo , Mocanu Felix Cosmin , Khomenko Dmytro , Szamel Grzegorz , Zamponi Francesco , Ruocco Giancarlo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe frequency scaling exponent of low-frequency excitations in microscopically small glasses, which do not allow for the existence of waves (phonons), has been in the focus of the recent literature. The density of states g(ω) of these modes obeys an ωs scaling, where the exponent s, ranging between 2 and 5, depends on the quenching protocol. The orgin of these findings remains controversal. Here we show, using heterogeneous-elasticity theory, that in a marginally-stable glass sample g(ω) follows a Debye-like scaling (s = 2), and the associated excitations (type-I) are of random-matrix type. Further, using a generalisation of the theory, we demonstrate that in more stable samples, other, (type-II) excitations prevail, which are non-irrotational oscillations, associated with local frozen-in stresses. The corresponding frequency scaling exponent s is governed by the statistics of small values of the stresses and, therefore, depends on the details of the interaction potential.
Zero modes activation to reconcile floppiness, rigidity, and multistability into an all-in-one class of reprogrammable metamaterials
Authors: Wu Lei , Pasini Damiano 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExisting mechanical metamaterials are typically designed to either withstand loads as a stiff structure, shape morph as a floppy mechanism, or trap energy as a multistable matter, distinct behaviours that correspond to three primary classes of macroscopic solids. Their stiffness and stability are sealed permanently into their architecture, mostly remaining immutable post-fabrication due to the invariance of zero modes. Here, we introduce an all-in-one reprogrammable class of Kagome metamaterials that enable the in-situ reprogramming of zero modes to access the apparently conflicting properties of all classes. Through the selective activation of metahinges via self-contact, their architecture can be switched to acquire on-demand rigidity, floppiness, or global multistability, bridging the seemingly uncrossable gap between structures, mechanisms, and multistable matters. We showcase the versatile generalizations of the metahinge and remarkable reprogrammability of zero modes for a range of properties including stiffness, mechanical signal guiding, buckling modes, phonon spectra, and auxeticity, opening a plethora of opportunities for all-in-one materials and devices.
Salmonella exploits membrane reservoirs for invasion of host cells
Authors: Zhu Hongxian , Sydor Andrew M. , Boddy Kirsten C. , Coyaud Etienne , Laurent Estelle M. N. , Au Aaron , Tan Joel M. J. , Yan Bing-Ru , Moffat Jason , Muise Aleixo M. , Yip Christopher M. , Grinstein Sergio , Raught Brian , Brumell John H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSalmonella utilizes a type 3 secretion system to translocate virulence proteins (effectors) into host cells during infection1. The effectors modulate host cell machinery to drive uptake of the bacteria into vacuoles, where they can establish an intracellular replicative niche. A remarkable feature of Salmonella invasion is the formation of actin-rich protuberances (ruffles) on the host cell surface that contribute to bacterial uptake. However, the membrane source for ruffle formation and how these bacteria regulate membrane mobilization within host cells remains unclear. Here, we show that Salmonella exploits membrane reservoirs for the generation of invasion ruffles. The reservoirs are pre-existing tubular compartments associated with the plasma membrane (PM) and are formed through the activity of RAB10 GTPase. Under normal growth conditions, membrane reservoirs contribute to PM homeostasis and are preloaded with the exocyst subunit EXOC2. During Salmonella invasion, the bacterial effectors SipC, SopE2, and SopB recruit exocyst subunits from membrane reservoirs and other cellular compartments, thereby allowing exocyst complex assembly and membrane delivery required for bacterial uptake. Our findings reveal an important role for RAB10 in the establishment of membrane reservoirs and the mechanisms by which Salmonella can exploit these compartments during host cell invasion.
Radionuclide tracing based in situ corrosion and mass transport monitoring of 316L stainless steel in a molten salt closed loop
Authors: Wang Yafei , Olson Aeli P. , Falconer Cody , Kelleher Brian , Mitchell Ivan , Zhang Hongliang , Sridharan Kumar , Engle Jonathan W. , Couet Adrien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the study, we report an in situ corrosion and mass transport monitoring method developed using a radionuclide tracing technique for the corrosion study of 316L stainless steel (316L SS) in a NaCl–MgCl2 eutectic molten salt natural circulation loop. This method involves cyclotron irradiation of a small tube section with 16 MeV protons, later welds at the hot leg of the molten salt flow loop, generating radionuclides 51Cr, 52Mn, and 56Co at the salt–alloy interface. By measuring the activity variations of these radionuclides at different sections along the loop, both the in situ monitoring of the corrosion attack depth of 316L SS and corrosion product transport and its precipitation in flowing NaCl–MgCl2 molten salt are achieved. While 316L SS is the focus of this study, the technique reported herein can be extended to other structural materials being used in a wide range of industrial applications.
Structure-guided functional suppression of AML-associated DNMT3A hotspot mutations
Authors: Lu Jiuwei , Guo Yiran , Yin Jiekai , Chen Jianbin , Wang Yinsheng , Wang Gang Greg , Song Jikui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDNA methyltransferases DNMT3A- and DNMT3B-mediated DNA methylation critically regulate epigenomic and transcriptomic patterning during development. The hotspot DNMT3A mutations at the site of Arg822 (R882) promote polymerization, leading to aberrant DNA methylation that may contribute to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the molecular basis underlying the mutation-induced functional misregulation of DNMT3A remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal structures of the DNMT3A methyltransferase domain, revealing a molecular basis for its oligomerization behavior distinct to DNMT3B, and the enhanced intermolecular contacts caused by the R882H or R882C mutation. Our biochemical, cellular, and genomic DNA methylation analyses demonstrate that introducing the DNMT3B-converting mutations inhibits the R882H-/R882C-triggered DNMT3A polymerization and enhances substrate access, thereby eliminating the dominant-negative effect of the DNMT3A R882 mutations in cells. Together, this study provides mechanistic insights into DNMT3A R882 mutations-triggered aberrant oligomerization and DNA hypomethylation in AML, with important implications in cancer therapy.
Genetically encoded transcriptional plasticity underlies stress adaptation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Bei Cheng , Zhu Junhao , Culviner Peter H. , Gan Mingyu , Rubin Eric J. , Fortune Sarah M. , Gao Qian , Liu Qingyun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTranscriptional regulation is a critical adaptive mechanism that allows bacteria to respond to changing environments, yet the concept of transcriptional plasticity (TP) – the variability of gene expression in response to environmental changes – remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate the genome-wide TP profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) genes by analyzing 894 RNA sequencing samples derived from 73 different environmental conditions. Our data reveal that Mtb genes exhibit significant TP variation that correlates with gene function and gene essentiality. We also find that critical genetic features, such as gene length, GC content, and operon size independently impose constraints on TP, beyond trans-regulation. By extending our analysis to include two other Mycobacterium species -- M. smegmatis and M. abscessus -- we demonstrate a striking conservation of the TP landscape. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the TP exhibited by mycobacteria genes, shedding light on this significant, yet understudied, genetic feature encoded in bacterial genomes.
Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin
Authors: Pušnik Jernej , Zorn Jasmin , Monzon-Posadas Werner O. , Peters Kathrin , Osypchuk Emmanuil , Blaschke Sabine , Streeck Hendrik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested the imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity by original immune challenge without addressing the formation of the de novo response to successive antigen exposures. As this is crucial for the development of the original antigenic sin, we assessed the immune response against the mutated epitopes of omicron SARS-CoV-2 after vaccine breakthrough. Our data demonstrate a robust humoral response in thrice-vaccinated individuals following omicron breakthrough which is a recall of vaccine-induced memory. The humoral and memory B cell responses against the altered regions of the omicron surface proteins are impaired. The T cell responses to mutated epitopes of the omicron spike protein are present due to the high cross-reactivity of vaccine-induced T cells rather than the formation of a de novo response. Our findings, therefore, underpin the speculation that the imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity by vaccination may lead to the development of original antigenic sin if future variants overcome the vaccine-induced immunity.