bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental satisfaction and acceptance of silver diamine fluoride treatment for molar incisor hypomineralisation in pediatric dentistry: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Nerabieah Zuhair , AlKhouli Muaaz , Dashash Mayssoon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate parental satisfaction and acceptance of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) treatment for permanent molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). This study was conducted in the pediatric dental department at Damascus University, Syria. This study was performed at the period from Jan 2023 to April 2023. In this cross-sectional study, a validated questionnaire employing a 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate esthetics, ease of application, pain perception, and taste acceptability. Participants included 100 parents or guardians of children aged 6–9 years who had received SDF treatment in the past year. The findings of this study revealed high satisfaction levels (77.5%) with the treatment. Parents expressed contentment with the appearance of their child's molars after SDF application (58% agreed or strongly agreed) and found the application process easy and pain-free (100% agreed or strongly agreed). However, taste acceptability posed a challenge, with over half of the parents (53%) finding it unacceptable. Regression analysis underscored the significant impact of esthetics, ease of application, pain perception, and taste on parental satisfaction. Moreover, parents with higher education levels (graduate or postgraduate) exhibited higher acceptance rates compared to those with lower education levels (63.1% vs. 33.6%). Notably, parental gender and age did not significantly influence SDF treatment acceptance. This study provides critical insights into parental satisfaction and acceptance of SDF treatment for MIH-affected permanent molars. Despite concerns about tooth discoloration, the high satisfaction levels suggest that SDF holds promise as an effective treatment option. Parental education significantly influenced acceptance rates. This research highlights the importance of considering parental perspectives and tailoring communication strategies in pediatric dentistry, ultimately contributing to improved care for young patients with MIH.
Mendelian randomization reveals apolipoprotein B shortens healthspan and possibly increases risk for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Martin Leah , Boutwell Brian B. , Messerlian Carmen , Adams Charleen D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractApolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) is a component of fat- and cholesterol-transporting molecules in the bloodstream. It is the main lipoprotein in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and has been implicated in conditions that end healthspan (the interval between birth and onset of chronic disease). However, APOB’s direct relationship with healthspan remains uncertain. With Mendelian randomization, we show that higher levels of APOB and LDL shorten healthspan in humans. Multivariable Mendelian randomization of APOB and LDL on healthspan suggests that the predominant trait accounting for the relationship is APOB. In addition, we provide preliminary evidence that APOB increases risk for Alzheimer’s disease, a condition that ends healthspan. If these relationships are causal, they suggest that interventions to improve healthspan in aging populations could include strategies targeting APOB. Ultimately, given that more than 44 million people currently suffer from Alzheimer’s disease worldwide, such interventions are needed.
Impaired bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways disrupt decidualization in endometriosis
Authors: Liao Zian , Tang Suni , Jiang Peixin , Geng Ting , Cope Dominique I. , Dunn Timothy N. , Guner Joie , Radilla Linda Alpuing , Guan Xiaoming , Monsivais Diana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEndometriosis is linked to increased infertility and pregnancy complications due to defective endometrial decidualization. We hypothesized that identification of altered signaling pathways during decidualization could identify the underlying cause of infertility and pregnancy complications. Our study reveals that transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathways are impaired in the endometrium of individuals with endometriosis, leading to defective decidualization. Through detailed transcriptomic analyses, we discovered abnormalities in TGFβ signaling pathways and key regulators, such as SMAD4, in the endometrium of affected individuals. We also observed compromised activity of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), a subset of the TGFβ family, that control endometrial receptivity. Using 3-dimensional models of endometrial stromal and epithelial assembloids, we showed that exogenous BMP2 improved decidual marker expression in individuals with endometriosis. Our findings reveal dysfunction of BMP/SMAD signaling in the endometrium of individuals with endometriosis, explaining decidualization defects and subsequent pregnancy complications in these individuals.
Delivery of loaded MR1 monomer results in efficient ligand exchange to host MR1 and subsequent MR1T cell activation
Authors: Kulicke Corinna A. , Swarbrick Gwendolyn M. , Ladd Nicole A. , Cansler Meghan , Null Megan , Worley Aneta , Lemon Chance , Ahmed Tania , Bennett Joshua , Lust Taylor N. , Heisler Chelsea M. , Huber Megan E. , Krawic Jason R. , Ankley Laurisa M. , McBride Savannah K. , Tafesse Fikadu G. , Olive Andrew J. , Hildebrand William H. , Lewinsohn Deborah A. , Adams Erin J. , Lewinsohn David M. , Harriff Melanie J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMR1-restricted T cells have been implicated in microbial infections, sterile inflammation, wound healing and cancer. Similar to other antigen presentation molecules, evidence supports multiple, complementary MR1 antigen presentation pathways. To investigate ligand exchange pathways for MR1, we used MR1 monomers and tetramers loaded with 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU) to deliver the antigen. Using MR1-deficient cells reconstituted with wild-type MR1 or MR1 molecules that cannot bind 5-OP-RU, we show that presentation of monomer-delivered 5-OP-RU is dependent on cellular MR1 and requires the transfer of ligand from the soluble molecule onto MR1 expressed by the antigen presenting cell. This mode of antigen delivery strengthens the evidence for post-ER ligand exchange pathways for MR1, which could represent an important avenue by which MR1 acquires antigens derived from endocytosed pathogens.
Chemoenzymatic total synthesis of sorbicillactone A
Authors: Müller Jonas I. , Gulder Tobias A. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sorbicillinoid family is a large class of natural products known for their structural variety and strong, diverse biological activities. A special member of this family, sorbicillactone A, the first nitrogen-containing sorbicillinoid, exhibits potent anti-leukemic and anti-HIV activities and possesses a unique structure formed from sorbicillinol, alanine, and fumaric acid building blocks. To facilitate in-depth biological and structure-activity relationship studies of this promising natural product, we developed a chemoenzymatic approach that provides access to sorbicillactone A and several analogs with excellent yields under precise stereochemical control. The key steps of the highly convergent, stereoselective, and short route are the enantioselective oxidative dearomatization of sorbillin to sorbicillinol catalyzed by the enzyme SorbC and the subsequent Michael addition of a fumarylazlactone building block. Additionally, our synthetic findings and bioinformatic analysis suggest that sorbicillactone A is biosynthetically formed analogously.
Risk-adjusted decision making can help protect food supply and farmer livelihoods in West Africa
Authors: Leip Debbora , Rovenskaya Elena , Wildemeersch Matthias 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWeather extremes are challenging the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 2) – Zero Hunger globally and, most notably, in West Africa where it is further aggravated by rapid population growth. Here we present a stylized stochastic food production model to show how optimal crop allocations change depending on food security risk targets. To guarantee stable livelihoods for farmers, we examine the viability of a contingency fund that supports farmers in the event of low crop yields. Applied to the West African context, accounting for weather variability can substantially improve the reliability of the food supply and boost the fiscal sustainability of a contingency fund. Yet, setting reliability targets for food security is costly and leaves high residual risk in certain regions. Spatial risk-sharing through regional cooperation at the West African scale can eliminate the risk of insufficient food supply and further enhance the fund solvency.
Uncovering drone intentions using control physics informed machine learning
Authors: Perrusquía Adolfo , Guo Weisi , Fraser Benjamin , Wei Zhuangkun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnmanned Autonomous Vehicle (UAV) or drones are increasingly used across diverse application areas. Uncooperative drones do not announce their identity/flight plans and can pose a potential risk to critical infrastructures. Understanding drone’s intention is important to assigning risk and executing countermeasures. Intentions are often intangible and unobservable, and a variety of tangible intention classes are often inferred as a proxy. However, inference of drone intention classes using observational data alone is inherently unreliable due to observational and learning bias. Here, we developed a control-physics informed machine learning (CPhy-ML) that can robustly infer across intention classes. The CPhy-ML couples the representation power of deep learning with the conservation laws of aerospace models to reduce bias and instability. The CPhy-ML achieves a 48.28% performance improvement over traditional trajectory prediction methods. The reward inference results outperforms conventional inverse reinforcement learning approaches, decreasing the root mean squared spectral norm error from 3.3747 to 0.3229.
Twitter (X) use predicts substantial changes in well-being, polarization, sense of belonging, and outrage
Authors: Oldemburgo de Mello Victoria , Cheung Felix , Inzlicht Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn public debate, Twitter (now X) is often said to cause detrimental effects on users and society. Here we address this research question by querying 252 participants from a representative sample of U.S. Twitter users 5 times per day over 7 days (6,218 observations). Results revealed that Twitter use is related to decreases in well-being, and increases in political polarization, outrage, and sense of belonging over the course of the following 30 minutes. Effect sizes were comparable to the effect of social interactions on well-being. These effects remained consistent even when accounting for demographic and personality traits. Different inferred uses of Twitter were linked to different outcomes: passive usage was associated with lower well-being, social usage with a higher sense of belonging, and information-seeking usage with increased outrage and most effects were driven by within-person changes.
A comprehensive modeling framework for coupled electricity and carbon markets
Authors: Liu Wenxuan , He Binghao , Xue Yusheng , Huang Jie , Zhao Junhua , Wen Fushuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe carbon market plays a critical role in promoting the transition toward renewable energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the electricity generation and transmission. Extant research has overlooked the dynamic bilateral causality that exists between electricity and carbon markets. Moreover, these studies have frequently treated the macroeconomic effect as exogenous. To bridge this research gap, this paper presents a holistic modeling framework that comprehensively captures the intertwined nature of electricity and carbon markets and their concomitant interactions with the overarching economy. The suggested modeling framework is an integration of three principal modules, namely, a carbon market, an electricity market, and economic system. This synergistic blend provides an exhaustive understanding of the entire market operation cycle. It offers detailed clearance rules, and most importantly, it adopts a macroeconomic systematic modeling approach for evaluating the impact emanating from the interconnected electricity and carbon markets. To illustrate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed approach, a case study anchored on empirical data sourced from the electricity and carbon markets in China is conducted. The empirical findings underscore the fact that incorporating a green certificate market into the modeling framework can precipitate a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the results indicate that expanding the scale of the green certificate market from 1.9% in 2021 to 33% by 2023 will increase the generation of green electricity by 10%.
Daily average load demand forecasting using LSTM model based on historical load trends
Authors: Bareth Rashmi , Yadav Anamika , Gupta Shubhrata , Pazoki Mohammad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLoad demand forecasting is very important for the management, designing and analysis of an electrical grid system. Load forecasting has progressively become a crucial component of the energy management system with the growth of the smart micro grid. This study presents a new framework to long term load forecasting in the world of electricity power with the help of historical load trends. The main objective of this research work is estimating monthly electricity demand of an Indian state Chhattisgarh, in terms of per day average load demand using a machine learning model—Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM). This framework considers average of each day load demand for every month of years 2018–2022 and forecasted per day average load demand for each month of the year 2023. Furthermore, the predicting accuracy is evaluated for training and testing phase, in terms of error metrics like Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The MAPE values under the training and testing phase are in the range of 0.010%–0.652% and 0.378%–10.54%, respectively. A comparative study of LSTM model with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model indicates the proposed LSTM model is more accurate and can be applied for real time load demand forecasting.
Adaptively hybrid fractal image coding
Authors: Wang Qiang , Jin Guohua , Bi Sheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn adaptively hybrid method was proposed to improve the performance of fractal coding methods. First, it is found that the range blocks with large variances (RBLVs) play a crucial role in degrading decoded images, and the effect of the remaining range blocks with small variances (RBSVs) can be ignored. Then, an adaptive method was proposed to divide the range blocks into the above two categories: RBLVs and RBSVs. Second, RBLVs were designed to be encoded in an extended domain block pool (EDBP). Then, better block‐matching effect can be obtained, which will result in better decoded image quality. Further, the no‐search fractal encoding method is adopted for RBSVs to achieve faster encoding speed and fewer bits per pixel (bpp). Finally, four fractal coding methods were adopted to assess the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results show that compared with the previous methods, the PSNR quality of decoded images in the proposed method can be improved by about 0.15–0.4 dB, about 20%–35% of the total computations in encoding process can be saved, and about 0.2 bpp can be saved. Moreover, under the same decoding time, the proposed method can achieve comparable or smaller deviations regarding the decoded image.
Video stabilization based on low‐rank constraint and trajectory optimization
Authors: Shang Zhenhong , Chu Zhishuang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVideo stabilization plays a pivotal role in enhancing video quality by eliminating unwanted jitter in shaky videos. This paper introduces a novel video stabilization algorithm that leverages low‐rank constraint and trajectory optimization to effectively eliminate undesirable motion and generate stabilized videos. In the proposed algorithm, a low‐rank constraint regularization term is incorporated to enhance the smoothness of motion trajectories. Additionally, a predictive path smoothness term is integrated to ensure the consistency of motion across neighbouring frames. To address the problem of excessive cropping resulting from aggressive smoothing, a flexible local window strategy that emphasizes local motion relationships within the trajectories is introduced. The experimental results show that, compared to other excellent video stabilization algorithms, the proposed algorithm improves the stability metric by approximately 2.3%. Furthermore, in the stabilized videos generated by the algorithm, an approximate improvement of 2.18 dB in average image temporal fidelity and a 5.7% increase in average structural similarity between adjacent frames are achieved. The code that implements the proposed method is publicly accessible at https://github.com/CZS0319/VS_Low‐Rank_Constraint_Trajectory_Optimization.
Analytical modelling with experimental validation of electromagnetic Halbach arrays in wireless power transfer systems
Authors: Gogo Tamuno‐omie , Zhu Dibin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA mathematical model is presented for the optimisation of an Electromagnetic Halbach Array (EHA) for wireless power transfer. The mathematical model is based on Biot‐Savart's law of magnetic field in a current‐carrying square loop. The model is validated through static electromagnetic simulations in ANSYS Maxwell and found to be accurate and effective when predicting the magnetic field within the EHA box. To verify the analytical and simulation results, an EHA was fabricated, and experimental verification was carried out. The results show that the mathematical model can be widely used in the analysis and design optimisation of EHAs of any size and with diverse parameters in the case of single‐layer square spiral planar coils.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Male and Female Judo
Athletes
Authors: Rossi Carlo , Roklicer Roberto , Drid Patrik , Milovancev Aleksandra , Trivic Tatjana , Scardina Antonino , Carraro Attilio , Bianco Antonino 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChanges in cardiac geometry develop after intense and prolonged training. Left
ventricular enlargement, increased relative wall thickness, and growing mass of
the left ventricle occur after strenuous exercise. Combat sports such as judo
can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy. Previous studies have found that there
are differences in left ventricular chamber size and thickness between the
sexes, with female athletes having smaller wall diameters and less hypertrophy
than male athletes. The research aims to examine heart muscle adaptations and
remodeling of cardiac geometry among elite judo athletes and to evaluate
differences between males and females. A cross-sectional study included a group
of 19 (males n=10, females n=9) professional judokas between 20 and 30 years.
Demographic and anthropometric data were collected. Cardiac geometry was
determined by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. In terms of left
ventricular mass and the left ventricular mass index significant differences
were found between male and female judokas (233.44±68.75 g vs. 164.11±16.59 g,
p=0.009), (105.16±24.89 vs. 84.66±15.06, p=0.044), respectively. A greater
enlargement of the heart muscle is observed in male athletes compared to the
female group. Left ventricle enlargement is likely to occur among elite-level
judokas.
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Borylative Coupling of 1,3-Dienes with Aldehydes
Authors: Xiao Li-Jun , Ma Jin-Tao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe nickel-catalyzed borylative coupling of aldehydes and 1,3-dienes with diboron reagents offers an efficient method for synthesizing valuable homoallylic alcohols from easily accessible starting materials. However, achieving enantioselectivity in this reaction has been a significant challenge. We discuss our recent report on the first example of a nickel-catalyzed enantioselective borylative coupling of aldehydes with 1,3-dienes, employing a chiral spiro-phosphine–oxazoline ligand. Notably, by utilizing (E)-1,3-dienes or (Z)-1,3-dienes, we can reverse the diastereoselectivity, yielding either anti- or syn-products, respectively.
Treatment-Related Complications and Functional Results after Ruthenium-106 Brachytherapy in Small to Medium Size Uveal Melanomas (Part 2)
Authors: Lalos Fotios , Flühs Dirk , Guberina Maja , Bornfeld Norbert , Stuschke Martin , Sauerwein Wolfgang , Bechrakis Nikolaos E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose To analyze the treatment-related complications after ruthenium-106 brachytherapy in patients with uveal melanoma in terms of radiation-induced optic neuropathy, maculopathy and retinopathy, radiation-related vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal detachment, as well as secondary glaucoma and radiogenic cataract. In addition, the course of visual acuity was analyzed.
Patients/Methods and Materials This retrospective study included 608 patients treated with ruthenium-106 brachytherapy between January 2008 and December 2010 at the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen. The follow-up time was 11 years. The occurrence of the radiation-induced complications was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression was used for univariate and multivariate risk factor analyses. Hazard ratios were calculated for each variable.
Results Regarding the complications, 34% (N = 207) of the patients had no reported side effects or complications during follow-up. Radiation optic neuropathy was observed in 18.8% (N = 114) of the patients, with a median time to onset of 16 months (range: 3 – 78 months). Radiation maculopathy occurred in 8.2% (N = 50) after a median time of 17 months (range: 3 – 67 months). Radiation retinopathy was observed in 20.1% (N = 122), with a median time to onset of 21 months (range: 6 – 67 months). Secondary glaucoma developed in 9.7% of the patients (N = 53) and radiogenic cataract in 46.8% (N = 227). Vitreous hemorrhage (11.8%, N = 72) and scleral necrosis (2.1%, N = 13) occurred relatively rarely.
Conclusion The observed radiogenic complication rate is comparable with that reported in previous studies.