bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreign‐born nurses as COVID‐19 survivors in the Nordic region: A descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Cubelo Floro , Parviainen Anndra , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Palaganas Erlinda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn 2020, amid limited COVID‐19 vaccination access, many nurses from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups in the United States of America and United Kingdom succumbed to the virus. No fatalities among Filipino foreign‐born nurses (FBNs) in the BAME groups were recorded in the Nordic region. This study explored the experiences of Filipino FBNs in the Nordic region who, during the initial 2020 pandemic wave, cared for COVID‐19 patients, contracted the virus and subsequently recovered.MethodsThe research employed a descriptive phenomenological methodology to explore the experiences of six Filipino FBNs who had recovered from COVID‐19 in various regions of the Nordic countries, including Finland (n = 1), Sweden (n = 1), Denmark (n = 2), Norway (n = 1) and Iceland (n = 1). Data collection occurred through online videoconferencing between September 2020 and February 2021, utilising a semi‐structured approach. The data analysis was conducted following Sundler and colleagues' qualitative thematic analysis, which is grounded in descriptive phenomenology.ResultsThe data analysis yielded three primary themes and twelve sub‐themes, which explored the experiences of Filipino FBNs with COVID‐19 infection. The study demonstrated that unclear national guidelines impacted nurses' preparedness in caring for COVID‐19 patients, contributing to their susceptibility to contracting the virus. The lack of occupational healthcare services for nurses during and after the pandemic affected their work morale in an unfamiliar setting.ConclusionThe study provided valuable insights into the experiences of Filipino FBNs during the COVID‐19 pandemic, emphasising the need for clearer guidelines, enhanced training and improved support for healthcare workers. It highlighted the psychological impact of COVID‐19, emphasising the importance of mental health support and stigma reduction efforts. The study also emphasised the significance of improving occupational health services to support the well‐being and recovery of healthcare workers during and after the pandemic, with implications for developing comprehensive strategies to protect frontline healthcare workers in health crises.
Translating interdisciplinary knowledge for gender equity: Quantifying the impact of NSF ADVANCE
Authors: Gates Alexander J. , Gold Jessica R. , Nelson Laura K. , Zippel Kathrin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundInterdisciplinarity is often hailed as a necessity for tackling real‐world challenges. We examine the prevalence and impact of interdisciplinarity in the NSF ADVANCE program, which addresses gender equity in STEM.MethodsThrough a quantitative analysis of authorship, references, and citations in ADVANCE publications, we compare the interdisciplinarity of knowledge produced within the program to traditional disciplinary knowledge. We use Simpon's Diversity Index to test for differences across disciplines, and we use negative binomial regression to capture the potential influences of interdisciplinarity on the long‐term impact of ADVANCE publications.ResultsADVANCE publications exhibit higher levels of interdisciplinarity across three dimensions of knowledge integration, and cross‐disciplinary ties within ADVANCE successfully integrate social science knowledge into diverse disciplines. Additionally, the interdisciplinarity of publication references positively influences the impact of ADVANCE work, while the interdisciplinarity of authorship teams does not.ConclusionsThese findings emphasize the significance of interdisciplinarity in problem‐oriented knowledge production, indicating that specific forms of interdisciplinarity can lead to broader impact. By shedding light on the interplay between interdisciplinary approaches, disciplinary structures, and academic recognition, this article contributes to programmatic design to generate impactful problem‐solving knowledge that also adds to the academic community.
Deciphering protein prenylation in endocytic trafficking in
Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Carruthers Vern B. , Dou Zhicheng 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasma gondii
is a widespread intracellular protozoan pathogen infecting virtually all warm-blooded animals. This parasite acquires host-derived resources to support its replication inside a membrane-bound parasitophorous vacuole within infected host cells. Previous research has discovered that
Toxoplasma
actively endocytoses host proteins and transports them to a lysosome-equivalent structure for digestion. However, few molecular determinants required for trafficking of host-derived material within the parasite were known. A recent study (Q.-Q. Wang, M. Sun, T. Tang, D.-H. Lai, et al., mBio 14:e01309-23, 2023,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01309-23
) identified a critical role for membrane anchoring of proteins via prenylation in the trafficking of endocytosed host proteins by
Toxoplasma
, including an essential
Toxoplasma
ortholog of Rab1B. The authors also found that TgRab1 is crucial for protein trafficking of the rhoptry secretory organelles, indicating a dual role in endocytic and exocytic protein trafficking. This study sets the stage for further dissecting endomembrane trafficking in
Toxoplasma
, along with potentially exploiting protein prenylation as a target for therapeutic development.
Lung type 3 innate lymphoid cells respond early following
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection
Authors: Das Shibali , Chauhan Kuldeep Singh , Ahmed Mushtaq , Akter Sadia , Lu Lan , Colonna Marco , Khader Shabaana A. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death due to an infectious disease worldwide. Innate lymphoid type 3 cells (ILC3s) mediate early protection during
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
) infection. However, the early signaling mechanisms that govern ILC3 activation or recruitment within the lung during
Mtb
infection are unclear. scRNA-seq analysis of
Mtb
-infected mouse lung innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has revealed the presence of different clusters of ILC populations, suggesting heterogeneity. Using mouse models, we show that during
Mtb
infection, interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling on epithelial cells drives ILC3 expansion and regulates ILC3 accumulation in the lung. Furthermore, our data revealed that C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) signaling plays a crucial role in ILC3 recruitment from periphery during
Mtb
infection. Our study thus establishes the early responses that drive ILC3 accumulation during
Mtb
infection and points to ILC3s as a potential vaccine target.

IMPORTANCE

Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death due to a single infectious agent accounting for 1.6 million deaths each year. In our study, we determined the role of type 3 innate lymphoid cells in early immune events necessary for achieving protection during
Mtb
infection. Our study reveals distinct clusters of ILC2, ILC3, and ILC3/ILC1-like cells in
Mtb
infection. Moreover, our study reveal that IL-1R signaling on lung type 2 epithelial cells plays a key role in lung ILC3 accumulation during
Mtb
infection. CXCR5 on ILC3s is involved in ILC3 homing from periphery during
Mtb
infection. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the early immune mechanisms governed by innate lymphoid cells that can be targeted for potential vaccine-induced protection.
Applied pharmacokinetics to improve pharmacotherapy in neonatal and paediatric intensive care units: focus on correct dose selection
Authors: Shaniv Dotan , Allegaert Karel 
Published: February 2024

Drug dosing and exposure throughout childhood are constantly affected by maturational changes like weight, age or body surface area. In neonatal and paediatric intensive care units (NICU and PICU, respectively), drug dosing and exposure are further impacted by non-maturational changes. These changes are related to factors such as sepsis, cardiac failure, acute kidney injury, extracorporeal circuits or drug-drug interactions (DDIs) resulting from polypharmacy.This potentially complex situation may alter drug pharmacokinetics to result in greater-than-usual intrapatient and interpatient drug exposure variability. These effects may call for individual dosage adjustments. Dosage adjustments may apply to both loading doses or maintenance doses, which should be used as appropriate, depending on the specific characteristics of a given drug. Phenobarbital and vancomycin dosing are hereby used as illustrations.To optimise dose selection in NICU/PICU settings, we suggest to consider therapeutic drug monitoring integrated in model-informed precision dosing, and to familiarise oneself with existing paediatric drug formularies as well as DDI databases/search engines. Paediatric clinical pharmacologists and pharmacists can hereby guide clinicians with no prior experience on how to properly apply these data sources to day-to-day practice in individual patients or specific subpopulations of NICU or PICU patients.
Birth weight and head circumference discordance and outcome in preterms: results from the EPIPAGE-2 cohort
Authors: Guellec Isabelle , Brunet Adelaide , Lapillonne Alexandre , Taine Marion , Torchin Héloïse , Favrais Geraldine , Gascoin Géraldine , Simon Laure , Heude Barbara , Scherdel Pauline , Kayem Gilles , Delorme Pierre , Jarreau Pierre-Henri , Ancel Pierre-Yves 
Published: February 2024

Objective
To determine whether the relative measurement of birth weight (BW) and head circumference (HC) in preterm infants is associated with neurological outcomes.

Methods
The EPIPAGE-2 Study included 3473 infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation, classified based on their Z-score of BW and HC on the Fenton curves as concordant (≤1 SD apart) or discordant (>1 SD difference). We defined four mutually exclusive categories: discordant smaller BW (sBW) with BW<HC, discordant smaller HC (sHC) with HC<BW, concordant measurement (CM) with BW and HC concordant and both >−1SD and concordant small measurement (CsM) with BW and HC concordant and both ≤−1SD. Neurological outcomes at 5.5 years were evaluated with standard tests.

Results
2592 (74.8%) preterm neonates were categorised as CM, 258 (7.4%) CsM, 378 (10.9%) sHC and 239 (6.9%) sBW. Compared with the CM children, those born with CsM had significantly higher risks of cognitive deficiency (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.3, 95% CI (1.0 to 2.0)), developmental coordination disorders (aOR 2.6 (1.5 to 4.4)) and need for special school services (aOR 2.3 (1.5 to 3.7)). Those born with sBW had significantly lower risk of cognitive deficiency (aOR 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9)) and the sHC group significantly higher risk of developmental coordination disorders (aOR 1.8 (1.0 to 3.2)).

Conclusions
The relative discordance of these preterm infants’ BW and HC was associated with their neurological outcomes. It merits further exploration as an indirect indicator of development.

Trial registration number

NCT03078439
.
Evaluation of the safety, efficacy and feasibility of ‘at-home’ capsule endoscopy
Authors: Parisi Ioanna , Hosea Angelica Vania , Stoffel Sandro , Nemec Martin , Badat Sohail , Seward Edward , Kaushal Aradhna , Kerrison Robert , Von Wagner Christian 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThe role of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) in diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases has long been established. Recently, colon CE (CCE) has been suggested as an alternative to colonoscopy. CE has been traditionally conducted at endoscopy units. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a switch was made to ‘at-home CE’ (ACE) which has continued to date. This study is an evaluation of ACE, focusing on safety, efficacy, feasibility and patient perceptions.MethodsThe study evaluated the performance of ACE in 105 consecutive patients, considering procedure outcomes, completion rates, complications and patient satisfaction. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess perceptions and preferences of 84 ACE patients and 43 in-hospital CE patients. ACE procedure involved preassessment calls, bowel preparation, equipment setup, virtual verbal consent, capsule ingestion, booster alerts and equipment collection. Descriptive statistics and tests of independence were used for data analysis.ResultsAll 105 ACE patients were able to have CE at home, with completion rates for SBCE, CCE and panenteric (Crohn’s) CE at 98.3%, 75.9% and 55.6%, respectively. Patients reported low levels of pain (94.1%), embarrassment (98.8%) and anxiety (82.1%). ACE saved time and money, as 42.9% of patients were able to avoid work absence and 52.4% avoided transportation costs. ACE patients reported high satisfaction with the overall procedure (mean=8.5, SD=1.9), and 83.3% would prefer CE again at home.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that at-home CEs are clinically effective and well received by patients, providing the opportunity to conduct the test in the comfort of patients’ homes.
Opioid toxicity after oxycodone/naloxone to oxycodone conversion: case series
Authors: Doherty Mairead , Featherstone Hannah Joan , McAleer Clare , Webb Chloe , O'Reilly Maeve , Twomey Marie , McQuillan Regina 
Published: February 2024

Combination preparations of oxycodone/naloxone are marketed to aid in the management of opioid induced bowel dysfunction, with caution advised in prescribing in cases of liver dysfunction.This case series demonstrates four cases of patients with normal liver function tests who developed significant opioid toxicity on conversion from combination oxycodone/naloxone to oxycodone at equivalent doses, necessitating significant dose reduction.In each case, a cause for intra-hepatic shunting such as cirrhosis, porto-systemic collaterals or thrombosis were identified, highlighting these as cautionary features when prescribing combination preparations of oxycodone/naloxone and the possible need for dose reduction if converting to oxycodone.
Operation and performance of the MEG II detector
Authors:   MEG II Collaboration, Afanaciev K. , Baldini A. M. , Ban S. , Baranov V. , Benmansour H. , Biasotti M. , Boca G. , Cattaneo P. W. , Cavoto G. , Cei F. , Chiappini M. , Chiarello G. , Corvaglia A. , Cuna F. , Maso G. Dal , De Bari A. , De Gerone M. , Barusso L. Ferrari , Francesconi M. , Galli L. , Gallucci G. , Gatti F. , Gerritzen L. , Grancagnolo F. , Grandoni E. G. , Grassi M. , Grigoriev D. N. , Hildebrandt M. , Ieki K. , Ignatov F. , Ikeda F. , Iwamoto T. , Karpov S. , Kettle P.-R. , Khomutov N. , Kobayashi S. , Kolesnikov A. , Kravchuk N. , Krylov V. , Kuchinskiy N. , Kyle W. , Libeiro T. , Malyshev V. , Matsushita A. , Meucci M. , Mihara S. , Molzon W. , Mori Toshinori , Morsani F. , Nakao M. , Nicolò D. , Nishiguchi H. , Ochi A. , Ogawa S. , Onda R. , Ootani W. , Oya A. , Palo D. , Panareo M. , Papa A. , Pettinacci V. , Popov A. , Raffaelli F. , Renga F. , Ritt S. , Rossella M. , Rozhdestvensky A. , Schwendimann P. , Shimada K. , Signorelli G. , Stoykov A. , Takahashi M. , Tassielli G. F. , Toyoda K. , Uchiyama Y. , Usami M. , Venturini A. , Vitali B. , Voena C. , Yamamoto K. , Yanai K. , Yonemoto T. , Yoshida K. , Yudin Yu. V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe MEG II experiment, located at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) in Switzerland, is the successor to the MEG experiment, which completed data taking in 2013. MEG II started fully operational data taking in 2021, with the goal of improving the sensitivity of the$$\upmu ^+ \rightarrow {\textrm{e}}^+ \upgamma $$μ+→e+γdecay down to$$\sim 6 \times 10^{-14}$$∼6×10-14almost an order of magnitude better than the current limit. In this paper, we describe the operation and performance of the experiment and give a new estimate of its sensitivity versus data acquisition time.
Surface gravity in spherically symmetric collapsing stars
Authors: Sadeghi A. , Shojai F. , Bahmani F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHere we consider the generalized Oppenheimer–Snyder collapse of a star into a four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss–Bonnet black hole as well as a class of regular black holes labeled by the polytropic index of the stellar matter. We then analyze the nature of the horizon and the corresponding surface gravity outside and inside the star. The Hayward and Nielsen–Visser dynamical surface gravity are in agreement with the one resulting from the Killing vector of the outer static metric. However, these two definitions inside the star do not coincide with the Killing surface gravity outside the star when the star crosses the event horizon. This motivates us to study the surface gravity using Fodor’s approach to have a unique surface gravity at the mentioned moment. Then the extremality condition and the first law of thermodynamics are discussed at the trapping horizon of the star.
Temporal evolution of cosmological density perturbations of the Bose–Einstein condensate dark matter
Authors: Mondal Subhra , Choudhuri Amitava 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDark matter is assumed to be composed of scalar boson particles that form Bose–Einstein condensate during the cosmic evolution of the Universe when the temperature of the dark matter is below the critical temperature $$T_{cr}$$

T

cr

. At around a redshift $$z\sim 1200$$

z
∼
1200

, the normal dark matter converted to Bose–Einstein condensate dark matter through a first-order phase transition and continued to complete the condensation process for nearly $$10^6$$

10
6

years, until then, both phases coexist. In this manuscript, considering Bose–Einstein condensate dark matter as a Gross–Pitaevskii–Poisson system, we study the time evolution of density contrast of Bose–Einstein condensate dark matter using cosmological linear perturbation theory following previous works on the subject. The evolution equation contains quantum pressure due to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and self-interaction pressure terms. We solve the temporal density contrast equation of Bose–Einstein condensate dark matter analytically for both the Thomas-Fermi limit and the non-interacting case where the expansion rule follows similarly to that of the Einstein–de Sitter Universe. In addition, we also numerically analyze the temporal nature of the evolution of density contrast of Bose–Einstein condensate dark matter for the complete equation without applying any approximation. We find that the Bose–Einstein condensate model of dark matter could modify the temporal nature of density contrast evolution due to the presence of self-interaction and quantum pressure terms, which shows significant differences with respect to the conventional standard cold dark matter, and successfully solves the small-scale problems in the context of cosmological structure formation.
Critical computational social science
Authors: Shugars Sarah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn her 2021 IC2S2 keynote talk, “Critical Data Theory,” Margaret Hu builds off Critical Race Theory, privacy law, and big data surveillance to grapple with questions at the intersection of big data and legal jurisprudence. As a legal scholar, Hu’s work focuses primarily on issues of governance and regulation—examining the legal and constitutional impact of modern data collection and analysis. Yet, her call for Critical Data Theory has important implications for the field of Computational Social Science (CSS) as a whole. In this article, I therefore reflect on Hu’s conception of Critical Data Theory and its broader implications for CSS research. Specifically, I’ll consider the ramifications of her work for the scientific community—exploring how we as researchers should think about the ethics and realities of the data which forms the foundations of our work.
Crypto Analysis of the Key Distribution Scheme Using Noise-Free Resistances
Authors: Kish Laszlo B. 
Published: February 2024

Known key exchange schemes offering information-theoretic (unconditional) security are complex and costly to implement. Nonetheless, they remain the only known methods for achieving unconditional security in key exchange. Therefore, the explorations for simpler solutions for information-theoretic security are highly justified. Lin et al. [1] proposed an interesting hardware key distribution scheme that utilizes thermal-noise-free resistances and DC voltages. A crypto analysis of this system is presented. It is shown that, if Eve gains access to the initial shared secret at any time in the past or future, she can successfully crack all the generated keys in the past and future, even retroactively, using passively obtained and recorded voltages and currents. Therefore, the scheme is not a secure key exchanger, but it is rather a key expander with no more information entropy than the originally shared secret at the beginning. We also point out that the proposed defense methods against active attacks do not function when the original shared secret is compromised because then the communication cannot be efficiently authenticated. However, they do work when an unconditionally secure key exchanger is applied to enable the authenticated communication protocol.
Postprocedural Anticoagulation After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Yan Yan , Guo Jincheng , Wang Xiao , Wang Guozhong , Fan Zeyuan , Yin Delu , Wang Zhifang , Zhang Fuchun , Tian Changming , Gong Wei , Liu Jiamin , Lu Jiapeng , Li Yongjun , Ma Changsheng , Vicaut Eric , Montalescot Gilles , Nie Shaoping ,   on behalf of the RIGHT Investigators
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Postprocedural anticoagulation (PPA) is frequently administered after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, although no conclusive data support this practice.

METHODS:
The RIGHT trial (Comparison of Anticoagulation Prolongation vs no Anticoagulation in STEMI Patients After Primary PCI) was an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority trial conducted at 53 centers in China. Patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were randomly assigned by center to receive low-dose PPA or matching placebo for at least 48 hours. Before trial initiation, each center selected 1 of 3 PPA regimens (40 mg of enoxaparin once daily subcutaneously; 10 U·kg·h of unfractionated heparin intravenously, adjusted to maintain activated clotting time between 150 and 220 seconds; or 0.2 mg·kg·h of bivalirudin intravenously). The primary efficacy objective was to demonstrate superiority of PPA to reduce the primary efficacy end point of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, stent thrombosis (definite), or urgent revascularization (any vessel) within 30 days. The key secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of each specific anticoagulation regimen (enoxaparin, unfractionated heparin, or bivalirudin) on the primary efficacy end point. The primary safety end point was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 to 5 bleeding at 30 days.

RESULTS:
Between January 10, 2019, and September 18, 2021, a total of 2989 patients were randomized. The primary efficacy end point occurred in 37 patients (2.5%) in both the PPA and placebo groups (hazard ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.63 to 1.57]). The incidence of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 to 5 bleeding did not differ between the PPA and placebo groups (8 [0.5%] vs 11 [0.7%] patients; hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.30 to 1.83]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Routine PPA after primary percutaneous coronary intervention was safe but did not reduce 30-day ischemic events.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03664180.