bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of o‐phenylphenol residues found in marketable citrus fruit
Authors: Rajzman Anna , Apfelbaum A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractResidues of o‐phenylphenol (OPP) were determined in peel, pulp and the whole fruit of Shamouti and Valencia oranges, grapefruits and lemons which were treated under industrial conditions with solutions of sodium‐o‐phenylphenate (SOPP). The OPP residues found in the peel of the different species of citrus fruit varied from 5.4 to 26.1 ppm OPP. In many cases OPP residues were not detectable in the pulp, and in other cases traces and 0.4 ppm of OPP were found.The residues in the whole fruit were found to range from 1.8 to 8.3 ppm, with 80% of the samples analysed containing less than 5 ppm. These amounts were within the tolerance limits generally established for residues of OPP in citrus fruit (10 and 12 ppm of OPP).The SOPP concentration of the disinfectant solutions ranged from 0.24 to 0.55% SOPP.4H2O and had little effect on the OPP content of the fruits. The fruits which were treated at a pH below 11.6 usually contained more OPP than those treated at pH values between 11.6 and 12.3.
Amino acid analyses of germinating seeds of some members of the leguminosae
Authors: Jones V. M. , Boulter D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe free and bound amino acid contents of soaked seeds and 7‐ and 14‐day old seedlings of Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris and Canavalia eniformis were determined. It was found that on germination the free amino acid content of the plants increased, while the total amount of amino acid decreased. Most of the essential amino acids were shown to be present in the plants.
Method for determining ‘Alar’ (B‐995) residues in apples
Authors: Lynch V. P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method for determining residues of ‘Alar’ (B‐995) in apples has been developed. It is based on the alkaline hydrolysis of ‘Alar’ to yield unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine. the latter is oxidised by selenium dioxide to yield formaldehyde which is determined colorimetrically using 2‐hydrazinobenzothiazole.
Acetaldehyde as a possible indicator of spoilage in green kona (Hawaiian) coffee
Authors: Rodriguez Delia B. , Frank H. A. , Yamamoto H. Y. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractKona coffee cherries were demucilaged by either mechanical, enzymic or chemical methods, by the action of bacterial pure cultures, or by natural fermentation. Thirteen volatile components were detected by gas chromatography in all samples of green coffee tested, and these included methanethiol, acetaldehyde, dimethyl sulphide, propionaldehyde, acetone, isobutyraldehyde, butyraldehyde, ethanol, and isovaleraldehyde. Probably, methanol and/or methyl ethyl ketone also were present among the volatile components detected.The relative concentrations of several volatile components did not vary appreciably among the different lots of coffee demucilaged experimentally. However, acetaldehyde concentration increased as the duration of natural fermentation was prolonged, being markedly higher in grossly over‐fermented (spoiled) coffee beans.All samples of coffee demucilaged experimentally had similar cup‐testing quality (Kona grade No. 1), indicating that none of the demucilaging methods enhanced or diminished coffee flavour or aroma. Over‐fermented beans, however, were poor in cup‐testing quality.
Quantity/intensity relations in soils and the potassium nutrition of the strawberry plant (Fragaria SP)
Authors: Bradfield E. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn glasshouse pot experiments over two years, the strawberry plant used potassium primarily from sources which were in instantaneous equilibrium with the soil solution. Leaf potassium concentration at flowering and fruiting was highly correlated with the initial equilibrium potassium activity ratio (AR) of the soil, and a linear relationship existed between 1/Leaf‐K and 1/AR Yield of fruit was less well correlated with AR than with the quantity of labile potassium in the soil. the gradient of the straight line part of the quantity/intensity (Q/I) graph was increased for 2 of the 5 soils after the period of intensive cropping; this could be related to an increase in the amount of exchangeable calcium+magnesium in the soil.
In vivo ‘quantum’ synthesis of fat in ripening seeds of twentyfour plant species
Authors: Kartha A. R. S. , Nainawati H. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe proportions of partial (incompletely acylated) glycerides present in oils from ripening seeds at different oil development stages were determined by the gravimetric method for 24 plant species belonging to 16 families. 133 samples were examined and 17 of these represented oil development stages below 10 %. No detectable amounts of partial giycerides were present in any case; this suggests the operation of the ‘quantum’ mechanism of fat synthesis in all the species studied.
Decoquinate: II.—Absorption and residue studies in chickens
Authors: Button R. G. , Muggleton D. F. , Parnell E. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDecoquinate has been determined in edible chicken tissues by a spectrophotofluorimetric method during and after medication with 0.004% of the compound in the feed for five weeks. Mean concentrations (ppm fresh weight) of decoquinate observed during treatment were 1.1 (liver), 0.8 (kidney), 0.2 (muscle), 0.1 (blood), 1.6 (fat) and 1.0 (skin). Similar results were obtained with nine weeks' medication at 0.003 % and eight weeks at 0.008 %. Decoquinate was eliminated rapidly when medication ceased and all tissues contained < 0.1 p pm three‐four days later.
Changes in phytic acid and acid‐soluble phosphorus in maturing pinto beans
Authors: Makower Rachel U. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChanges in the content of phytic acid and total acid‐soluble phosphorus were measured in Pinto beans at several levels of seed maturity. Phytic acid content in bean seeds increased rapidly with advancing maturity, while total acid‐soluble phosphorus decreased. Mature dry beans contained about 1% phytic acid which accounted for half the total acid‐soluble seed phosphorus. the most immature beans studied contained about 0.13% phytic acid which represents only 4% of the total acid‐soluble phosphorus in these ovules. Little phytic acid was found in pods at any level of maturity.
Texture of cooked potato: III.—Intercellular adhesion of chemically treated tuber sections
Authors: Linehan D. J. , Hughes J. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt was found, using chelating agents and protein denaturants to reduce intercellular adhesion of raw tuber sections, that protein and heavy metals are not important to the integrity of the intercellular cement of mature tubers of the variety Majestic.Using similar techniques, interactions, which might occur during cooking between the intercellular cement and other tuber constituents, were investigated. It was concluded that in addition to calcium and magnesium, other multivalent actions, and also the amylose fraction of starch, might be important in influencing intercellular adhesion in the cooked potato.
Lesser known Nigerian edible oils and fats II.—Ito seed oil
Authors: Girgis Pamela 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe seeds of Cucumeropsis edulis (Hook, f.) Cogn., family Cucurbitaceae, are a common component of the average Nigerian diet and a rich source of oil. This study shows the oil to be very suitable for edible purposes, since it possesses good keeping qualities, and has a high content of linoleic and oleic acids, which together make up about 64% of its total fatty acid content. the main characteristics of the oil are described.
Suppression of sprouting in stored potatoes by volatile organic compounds
Authors: Meigh D. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA number of readily available volatile compounds have been tested, at concentrations of not greater than 100 μg/l in air, as inhibitors of sprouting of stored potatoes. Some of these compounds were found to be as effective, on a small scale, as the nonyl alcohol used commercially. No compounds of exceptional merit were found.
Investigations on starches from major starch crops grown in Ghana I.—Hot paste viscosity and gel‐forming power
Authors: Rašper V. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe most important rheological properties of starches of several major starch crops grown in Ghana were examined. the consistency changes during the whole pasting cycle and the gel‐forming power were tested with starches of several species of yams (Dioscorea), plantain (Musa paradisiaca) cultivars, cocoyams (both Xanthosoma sagittifolium and Colocasia antiquorum) and several local varieties of cassava (Manihot utilissima). Most of the yam starches gave very viscous pastes yielding very strong and ‘short’ gels on cooling, some of them with a very high retrogradation tendency. the rheological properties of plantain starches were similar to those of yam starches; cocoyam starches produced pastes which had lower viscosity and exhibited some breakdown on prolonged heating and stirring and a poorer setback on cooling. With ‘new’ cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) the gel‐forming power, however, was higher than that of cassava and sweet‐potato starches.
Leaf analysis as a guide to the nutrition of fruit crops: VIII.—Sand culture N, P, K, mg experiments with black currant (Ribes nigrum L.)
Authors: Bould C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA study has been made, by means of factorial sand‐culture pot experiments, of the relationship between N, P, K and Mg treatments and their concentrations in the laminae of leaves from the mid‐third region of non‐fruiting shoots sampled in early July, and shoot growth, blossom number, fruit set, berry weight, ascorbic acid content and crop yield. Plants were propagated from hardwood cuttings and grown as biennials. from these studies it has been possible to suggest tentative standards for classifying the nutrient status of black‐currant plants in relation to growth and crop yield. the highest crop yields were associated with the following leaf‐lamina concentrations in July; N, 3.0%; P, 0.3%; K, 1.5% and Mg, 0.15 % in dry matter.
Seasonal variation in some of the lipid components of sprats (Sprattus sprattus)
Authors: Hardy R. , MacKie P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipid content and composition of sprats caught during the 1967–68 fishing season have been measured. the fatty acid composition was found to be similar to that observed in other pelagic fish. the lipid content, however, fell during the season from 18 to 11‐5 % and the degree of un saturation also decreased. This latter diminution was brought about mainly by falls in the polygenetic content of the triglyceride fraction of the lipids. During the period of the analysis the α‐tocopherol and ubiquinone 50 content of the fish showed a marked increase. a simple and relatively efficient method of analysis for these components is reported.
Inhibition of digestive enzymes by condensed tannins from green and ripe carobs
Authors: Tamir Musha , Alumot Eugenia 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe degree of inhibition of trypsin, β‐amylase and lipase by condensed carob tannins was determined, and compared with that caused by a glucoside of m‐digallic acid. the carob tannins were strongly inhibitory to all the enzymes assayed; β‐amylase was the most sensitive and lipase the least sensitive. Only in the case of lipase was the hydrolysable tannin a more active inhibitor than the condensed carob tannins. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone reactivated trypsin and lipsse, but not β‐amylase.The inhibitors were found to change the maximum reaction velocities of crystalline trypsin and β‐amylase, indicating non‐competitive reaction kinetics.
Application of immunodiffusion in detecting the presence of barley in wheat flour
Authors: Liuzzi Antonia , Angeletti P. U. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn immunological method for detection of barley contamination in wheat flour was developed. a rabbit antiserum to barley proteins was tested against different protein concentrations of barley and wheat extracts by the immunodiffusion technique. It was possible to identify with barley a typical precipitin band which is not present with wheat flour. the barley antiserum was then adsorbed by wheat and tested against wheat proteins contaminated with barley proteins at different concentrations. the results indicated that it is possible to detect a contamination of 5 % of barley proteins in wheat proteins. Samples of commercially available barley and wheat flour were also tested on agar plates against the barley anti‐serum adsorbed from wheat. Again it was possible to detect a contamination of 5% of barley flour in wheat flour. It appears that this is a simple but specific immunological method suitable for routine testing.
Modification of flour proteins by disulphide interchange reactions
Authors: McDermott E. E. , Stevens D. J. , Pace J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe disulphide interchange between the flour proteins gliadin and glutenin, and three low mo), wt. disulphides has been studied. Suitable reaction conditions have been established, and the extent of interchange has been measured. the ‘mixed’ disulphide reaction products have been examined by gel‐filtration.
Breakdown of the insecticide ‘Gardona’ on plants and in soils
Authors: Beynon K. I. , Wright A. N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe breakdown of the insecticide ‘Gardona’ (2‐chloro‐1‐(2′, 4′, 5′,‐trichlorophenyl)‐vinyl dimethyl phosphate, previously known as SD 8447) has teen studied, on cabbages, apple foliage and fruit, and rice, and in soils, using radio‐isotope techniques under laboratory conditions.There was some isomerisation of ‘Gardona’ to its α‐isomer on foliage. the initial half‐life of ‘Gardona’ was about 1 day on the leaves and 4–5 days in medium loam soil. on foliage and in soils breakdown occurred by hydrolysis of the P‐O‐C bond to give initially 2,4,5‐trichlorophenacyl chloride and demethyl ‘Gardona’ followed by reactions of the former involving reduction of the ketone group and reductive dechlorination to form a number of eight‐carbon compounds.On foliage and on apple fruit the major breakdown products are conjugates of 1‐(2′,4′,5′‐trichlorophenyl)ethan‐1‐ol with sugars other than β‐D‐glucose.The breakdown products are of low toxicity to rats and, apart from the o‐isomer, none has insecticidal activity and none inhibits cholinesterase.
Varietal differences in albumin and globulin fractions of Triticum aestivum and T. durum
Authors: Silano V. , De Cillis U. , Pocchiari F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAlbumin and globulin fractions of several varieties of Triticum aestivum and T. durum were analysed by disc‐electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel.With this procedure 14 albumin and 15 globulin bands were obtained.After aniline blue‐black staining, all albumin bands were coloured blue‐black, whereas the globulins were green.Varietal differences were found mostly in the fast‐moving albumin electrophoretic bands.
Seed fats of some New Zealand liliaceae
Authors: Morice Isobel M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe seed fats of Herpolirion novae‐zelandiae, Xeronema callistemon, Dianella intermedia, two species of Arthropodium and six of Bulbinella, members of the family Liliaceae, have been examined, and found to contain as their predominant fatty acids linoleic 65–87%, oleic 7–24% and palmitic 5–16%. They are similar to Group 1 of Astelia (Liliaceae). Iphigenia novae‐zelandiae (Liliaceae) shows a different pattern of fatty acids, containing 17% hexadecenoic, 20% palmitic, 26% linoleic and 34% oleic acids as well as trace amounts of C12, C14, C15 and C17 alkanoic and C15 and C17 alkenoic acids. It is thereby distinguished from the other New Zealand Liliaceae, the New Zealand Agavaceae and the New Zealand Juncaceae.
Stationary reaction stage in colorimetric α‐amylase assay
Authors: Möttönen K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe properties of the Hagberg halving‐lime method, the I.C.C. standard method and a new method, based on the stationary reaction stage, for colorimetric assay of α‐amylase, are discussed and compared with each other. the first two were considered to be basically equivalent, and experimental comparison has been made only between the halving‐time method and the new method.In the stationary‐stage method (SSM), part of the reaction curve between log concentrations of the α‐amylase sample solution and the corresponding linear extinction values of the iodine‐stained samples, taken from the reaction exhibits a straight line relationship. This part is concluded to represent the stationary stage of the amylolytic hydrolysis reaction. the reaction end‐point, at the intersection of the stationary stage straight line and the zero extinction line, reveals both the concentration of the sample solution and the absolute quantity of the sample substance needed to cause a zero extinction in the test conditions.The α‐amylase activity values, obtained by the halving‐time method, were found to be strongly dependent on the enzyme concentration of the sample solution, whereas in the SSM the detrimental concentration effect is eliminated.The α‐amylase activity values obtained by SSM are consistently lower than the means of the corresponding values obtained by the halving‐time method at each concentration of the sample solution.
Pesticide residues in foodstuffs in Great Britain: X.—Bromide residues in maize, pulses and nuts
Authors: Thompson R. H. , Hill E. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractResults are presented for the determination of bromide residues in maize, in pulses and in four types of nuts sampled on arrival in British ports mostly during the five years up to June 1968. in the maize, which had been fumigated in the ships' holds before export, 75 % of the 155 samples examined contained less than 50 ppm but some contained more than 200 ppm. the problems of fumigating bulk maize and the extent to which variations in bromide residue are evened out during grain handling operations in the port granary are discussed. the samples of pulses generally contained less than 50 ppm but some samples of haricot beans contained more than 100 ppm. Out of 164 samples of groundnuts from 11 countries only one contained more than 200 ppm. Those containing more than 100 ppm came from countries in which nuts are sometimes fumigated more than once. None of the walnuts or almonds examined contained more than 100 ppm but two samples of Brazil nuts had more than this.Results are also presented for the increase in bromide residue after the fumigation of consignments in Britain and the reasons for the wide variations observed are discussed.
Pesticide residues in foodstuffs in Great Britain: XI.—Further studies of malathion in imported cereals
Authors: Thompson R. H. , Hill E. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractResults are presented for the determination of malathion in wheat, received from nine countries, and in maize from six countries, sampled on arrival in British ports. Wheat samples from Australia contained between 1.6 and 7.4 ppm and those from other countries mostly less than 0.3 ppm. of the maize samples, one dusty sample contained 7.3 ppm but none of the others had more than 1 ppm. Samples were also taken of mixed cereal dust from port granaries and of dust from a wheat cargo at various stages of processing into animal feeding stuffs. Despite the high malathion content of the original dust, that of the finished meals was below 2 ppm except for one sample which had 6.9 ppm.
Effect of pH on cellulose digestion under in vitro conditions
Authors: Terry R. A. , Tilley J. M. A. , Outen G. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe extent of cellulose digestion by rumen micro‐organisms in vitro is dependent on the pH of the medium. Digestion is greatly reduced at pH values similar to those found within the rumen of sheep fed with diets rich in readily digestible carbohydrates.It is suggested that this may be one of the reasons for reduced digestion of the fibre component of forages when carbohydrate supplements are fed.
Utilisation, by chicks, of carotene from fresh and dried plant sources
Authors: Ascarelli I. , Minkov U. , Nir I. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSome factors (autoclaving, addition of ethoxyquin, drying, degree of grinding) influencing utilisation of carotene from plant origin were investigated.Low storage of vitamin A in liver and low excretion of carotene in faeces, when fresh lucerne was given, indicated that carotene‐destroying enzymes of plant origin are likely to act before the lucerne is eaten and while it is passing through the intestines.Addition of ethoxyquin to autoclaved lucerne improved the utilisation of carotene. This indicates nonenzymic oxidation of carotene in the digestive tract.Carotene was more effectively utilised from lucerne meal than when given as green lucerne even if autoclaved and with ethoxyquin added.It seems that the influence of non‐enzymic factors on the availability of carotene from various dried plants is small and uniform, because carotene was utilised equally from these sources.The particle size (degree of grinding) had no significant influence on the utilisation of carotene from lucerne meal and it seemed that coarser meals could be used without hindering the utilisation of carotene or other carotenoids by chicks.
Synthesis and pesticidal activity of phenazines II.—Alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio and alkylsulphonyl phenazines
Authors: Cross B. , Dunn C. L. , Payne D. H. , Tipton J. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of forty‐one phenazines, mono‐substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio and alkylsulphonyl groups is described.Phytotoxicity was highest in the alkyl series and both 1‐ and 2‐methylphenazines are highly effective. herbicides.Although several n‐alkyl, branched alkyl and n‐alkoxyphenazines were highly fungicidal and acaricidal, only 2‐t‐octylphenazine combined high dual activity with negligible phytotoxicity.
Comparative digestibility of groundnut and soyabean meal in vitro and in chicks
Authors: Bielorai Rachel 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn vitro experiments showed that there is less trypsin‐inhibiting activity in raw groundnut meal (RG) than in raw soyabean meal (RS). Some of the typical effects which were observed in chicks fed RS were seen also in chicks fed RG, but to a different extent, i.e. growth retardation, pancreas hypertrophy, and a high percentage of intestinal nitrogen precipitated by trichloracetic acid. These effects were not obtained in chicks fed toasted groundnut meal or in those fed toasted soyabean meal.Some relationships between in vitro experiments and growth retardation, pancreas hypertrophy and the undigestible nitrogen fraction in the intestine of chicks fed RG and RS are discussed.
Nutritional studies on whole‐extract coagulated leaf protein and fractionated chloroplastic and cytoplasmic proteins from lucerne (Medzcago satzva)
Authors: Rau B. H. Subba , Mahadeviah S. , Singh N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLeaf extracts were prepared from the green vegetation of lucerne (Medicugo sativa). The leaf protein was coagulated by steam injection and the chloroplastic and cytoplasmic proteins were fractionated by a differential heat treatment. The proximate composition of various materials was analysed and nutritive value was studied with reference to growth of weanling albino rats. The effects of processing on the distribution of major constituents among the different products and their bearing on nutrition are discussed.The results showed the spray‐dried leaf extract to be unsuitable as food because of the association of various water‐soluble constituents, and the coagulated leaf protein to be satisfactory. Nutritionally, the chloroplastic material was inferior and the cytoplasmic one superior to the unfractionated leaf protein. The close association of nutritional improvement with an increase in protein content suggests that the nonprotein constituents act as low‐digestibility diluents and probably damage the food value by various interactions.