bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provision of step‐level public goods with continuous contribution
Authors: Suleiman Ramzi , Rapoport Amnon 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwelve groups of five subjects each participated in a nonco‐operative game in which each member of a group receives the same endowment and must then decide independently and anonymously how much of it to contribute to the group benefit. Regardless of the size of his or her contribution, each member receives the same reward if, and only if, the sum of contributions is equal to or larger than a prespecified provision threshold. The results show that the level of contribution depends on the provision threshold, and that it increases when contributions are not restricted to be all‐or‐none. We present, discuss, and competitively test two models for this class of social dilemmas, one postulating maximization of expected utility and the other yielding an equitable solution.
Experiences extended across time: Evaluation of moments and episodes
Authors: Varey Carol , Kahneman Daniel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIntuitions relating to outcomes extended over time are examined. Utility integration is proposed as a normative rule for the evaluation of extended episodes. In Experiment 1, subjects explicitly compared aversive experiences of varying durations. By several measures, disutility was a marginally decreasing function of episode duration, even for experiences that were thought to become increasingly aversive. This pattern is a qualitative violation of the integration rule. In Experiment 2, subjects made global evaluations of a hypothetical person's aversive experiences, on the basis of a series of subjective ratings of discomfort made at periodic intervals. The results showed an extreme sensitivity to improving or deteriorating trend and a striking neglect of duration. The final moments of an extended episode appear to exert a strong influence on the overall judgment. This leads to violations of monotonicity when adding some moments of moderate pain reduces judgments of global aversiveness.
A case study of expert judgment: Economists' probabilities versus base‐rate model forecasts
Authors: Braun Phillip A. , Yaniv Ilan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this case study of economists' forecasts concerning economic downturn, we examine key issues concerning the psychology of prediction and the controversy surrounding the value of expertise in forecasting. We examine when experts' knowledge promotes forecast accuracy and whether biases found in psychological studies (including underutilization of relevant base rates and tendencies to extreme prediction) occur in these economic forecasts. Experts' forecasts were compared to forecasts derived from base‐rate models that relied on the historical frequencies of economic downturns. The performance patterns of the experts and models crossed over the forecast horizon. Experts outperformed models in shorter‐term forecasting, whereas models outperformed experts in longer‐term forecasting. These results highlight the abilities and limits of experts and models in prediction and the sources of their inaccuracy.
Procedural fairness and profit seeking: The perceived legitimacy of market exploitation
Authors: Bies Robert J. , Tripp Thomas M. , Neale Margaret A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecent studies by Kahneman et al. (1986a, b) present consistent evidence that the economically rational decision of market exploitation is perceived as unfair by individuals. Further, these fairness judgments are influenced by the sign of the outcome—that is, an outcome coded as a gain is perceived as fairer than an objectively similar outcome coded as a loss, particularly when they occur for the benefit of the exploiter. As an extension of the Kahneman et al. research, we examine the influence of both outcome sign and information about the procedures used to allocate the outcome on individual judgements of market exploitation. Replicating Kahneman et al., we found that market exploitation is judged as unfair, and that such judgements are influences by the subjective coding (as gains or losses) of objectively similar outcomes. In addition, we found that procedural information also influences judgements of market exploitation. The implications of these results are discussed.
Evaluation of job candidates with missing information: Effects of attribute importance and interattribute correlation
Authors: Jagacinski Carolyn M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHow do people make evaluations when important items of information are missing? In the context of personnel evaluations or product evaluations, researchers have proposed that decision makers may predict the missing attribute based on its assumed relationship to attributes that are present. In addition, some researchers have suggested that there is a penalty for missing information. An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of the importance of the missing attribute on the hypothesized inference effect. Hypothetical job candidates were evaluated based on one or two attributes. The correlation between the attributes was varied between groups of subjects as was the importance of one of the attributes. The pattern of ratings of candidates with missing information varied significantly with the correlation condition when the missing attribute was very important, but did not vary as much when the missing attribute was less important. The results were generally consistent with the predictions of the Inferred Information Model (Johnson and Levin, 1985). On average, candidates with missing information were rated lower than comparable candidates with complete information and the missing attribute at an average level.
Escalation in organizational decision making a case of recruiting an incompetent employee
Authors: Drummond Helga 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper analyses a case of hiring a manager who subsequently proves to be incompetent. Analysis reveals the importance of structural factors in escalation, especially politics. When these are considered, persistence emerges as both escalatory and rational. Likewise, behaviours manifest of information bias are actually logical managerial strategies and may mask political calculation. New potential escalation variables are identified including power, visibility, and organization culture. Withdrawal reflects an intricate balancing of factors including risk and opportunity. The theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
Arguments in the practical reasoning underlying constructed probability responses
Authors: Curley Shawn P. , Browne Glenn J. , Smith Gerald F. , George Benson P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractReasoning is an important cognitive activity in probability assessment, and one that has been understudied. This proposition motivates the paper's three general aims. First, based on research in rhetoric, we present a theoretical means of analyzing the arguments constructed during the reasoning that occurs in probability assessment. Second, from verbal protocol data, we establish that subjects constructed arguments in forming beliefs and assessing the associated probabilities. Third, we analyze the data for the structure of subject's arguments, including argument content and form. Subjects used a limited amount of relevant evidence and used a variety of argument forms that could be characterized by the nature of the knowledge that subjects brought to bear in forming the arguments. Subjects predominantly used causal reasoning, but also employed hierarchical category knowledge, resemblance relationships, and arguments from authority. These findings form a basis for expanding our accounts of probability assessment and for improving assessment practice.
Pervasiveness of framing effects among physicians and medical students
Authors: Christensen Caryn , Heckerung Paul , Mackesy‐Amiti Mary E. , Bernstein Lionel M. , Elstein Arthur S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractResearchers have been documenting the influence of framing upon decision making for more than two decades; decisions appear to change in response to superficial changes in the presentation of possible outcomes. Several studies of medical decision making have revealed; for instance, that clinical decisions differ when options are presented as gains (survival rates) rather than losses (mortality rates). However, most studies of framing effects in the medical domain have utilized a very limited number of clinical problems that have not allowed an adequate test of the prevalence of the phenomena. To extend previous studies, we presented three groups of subjects (experienced internists, residents, and third‐year medical students) with booklets containing twelve hypothetical medical cases. Half of the subjects received gain versions and half received loss versions of the same cases. Chi‐square analyses revealed that framing did not influence any of the decisions of medical students and influenced the decisions of residents and experienced physicians on only two of the clinical problems (the same two problems). It appears that the prevalence of framing effects in the clinical domain may be limited.
Prediction of the Candida antarctica Lipase A Protein Structure by Comparative Modeling and Site‐Directed Mutagenesis
Authors: Kasrayan Alex , Bocola Marco , Sandström Anders G. , Lavén Gaston , Bäckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA number of model structures of the CalA suggested by comparative modeling were tested by site‐directed mutagenesis. Enzyme variants were created where amino acids predicted to play key roles for the lipase activity in the different models were replaced by an inert amino acid (alanine). The results from activity measurements of the overproduced and purified mutant enzymes indicate a structure where the active site consists of amino acid residues Ser184, His366, and Asp334 and in which there is no lid. This model can be used for future targeted modifications of the enzyme to obtain new substrate acceptance, better thermostability, and higher enantioselectivity.
Plaque vulnerability and related coronary event prediction by intravascular ultrasound with virtual histology: “It's a long way to tipperary”?
Authors: Sangiorgi Giuseppe M. , Clementi Fabrizio , Cola Clarissa , Biondi‐Zoccai Giusseppe 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIdentification of so‐called “vulnerable plaque” or “high‐risk” plaques have spawned manifold attempts to develop diagnostic tools capable to afford this task. This task is particularly challenging but the reward is high: local intervention on identified “vulnerable plaque” could preclude plaque thrombosis and possibly prevent acute coronary syndromes. Various imaging techniques are currently under investigation by extensive clinical testing to identify which could become the most sensible and specific modality for vulnerable plaque detection. Noninvasive techniques are fascinating for their easily applicability to a broad population but nowadays are not sufficiently powered for this task. The emerging technologies with the greatest resolution are indeed catheter‐based and many intravascular modalities have been developed for identification of “vulnerable plaque”. Among these, IVUS‐Virtual Histology™™ (IVUS‐VH) is the most promising technique in the field. IVUS‐VH offers an in vivo opportunity to assess plaque morphology and histology. IVUS‐VH uses underlying frequency information along with echoes intensity, while grey‐scale IVUS data are obtained from echoes of different intensity or amplitude. The major advantage of IVUS‐VH is that it is based on a device that is practical for use in the clinical setting and that it generates a real‐time assessment of plaque morphology. Unfortunately, numerous challenging issues still need to be overcome until the numerous “vulnerable plaques” could be identified and successfully treated. Future efforts may identify plaques that are on a trajectory of evolution toward a vulnerable state, and help us target interventions to those plaques most likely to develop plaque disruption and related complications. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistent sciatic artery—A curious vascular anomaly
Authors: Patel Samir N. , Reilly J.P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA persistent sciatic artery (PSA) is a rare vascular anomaly not extensively described in the interventional cardiology literature. Because of its vulnerable position, it is associated with a high risk of aneurysm formation, making it prone to thrombus formation with subsequent arterial insufficiency because of distal embolization. We report the case of an 80‐year‐old woman who was found to have bilateral PSA with unilateral aneurysm and evidence of possible distal embolization on conventional angiography. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: An Emission Spectrum of the InO+ Molecular Ion
Authors: BALFOUR W. J. , SAKSENA M. D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: On BaPtLa2O5 (I) and BaNiY2O5 (II).
Authors: MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK. , SCHLUETER D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Entropy and Crystal Structure of Hydrates of Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate.
Authors: TEMPLETON D. H. , RUBEN H. W. , ZALKIN A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Superconducting Cuprates and Related Oxides. Part 2. Profile Refinement of Neutron Powder Diffraction Data.
Authors: CHRISTENSEN A. N. , LEBECH B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide at Various Metal Electrodes in Aqueous Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate Solution.
Authors: NODA H. , IKEDA S. , ODA Y. , IMAI K. , MAEDA M. , ITO K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Proton‐Loaded Zeolites. Part 1. HX (X: Cl, Br, I) in Sodium Zeolite Y Archetype: Packaged Acids on the Road to Intrazeolite Semiconductors
Authors: OZIN G. A. , OEZKAR S. , STUCKY G. D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Photon Fluorescence Excitation Spectra of Indole in Vapor and Jet: 1La States.
Authors: SAMMETH D. M. , YAN S. , SPANGLER L. H. , CALLIS P. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Counting Independent Conjugated Circuits in Benzenoid Hydrocarbons
Authors: GUTMAN I. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Thermochemistry of the sec‐C4H9 + HBr ⇌ n‐C4H10 + Br Equilibrium
Authors: SEETULA J. A. , GUTMAN D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalysis. Part 58. Enantioselective S‐H and C‐H Insertions with Optically Active Rh(II) and Cu(II) Catalysts.
Authors: BRUNNER H. , WUTZ K. , DOYLE M. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiocontrolled Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl and Imino Groups in the Reaction of 2‐Arylamino‐2‐methoxy‐1‐phenylethanones with Simple Lithium Ester Enolates.
Authors: ALCAIDE B. , RODRIGUEZ‐LOPEZ J. , MONGE A. , PEREZ‐GARCIA V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Aldolate Dianions. Effects of β‐Heteroatom Substituents on Ketone Enolization.
Authors: MARTIN V. A. , MURRAY D. H. , PRATT N. E. , ZHAO Y. , ALBIZATI K. F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Study of HCN+ and HNC+ Ion Chemistry.
Authors: PETRIE S. , FREEMAN C. G. , MEOT‐NER M. , MCEWAN M. J. , FERGUSON E. E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyl Ethers with an Isothiocyanate Group. Part 4. Electrophilic Addition of Polyfluoroalkanols.
Authors: NEDOLYA N. A. , GERASIMOVA V. V. , IL'ICHEVA L. N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of 1,2‐Dimethoxy‐3‐isopropylbenzene and General Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 1,2‐Dimethoxybenzenes.
Authors: DECK L. M. , BRAZWELL E. M. , VANDER JAGT D. L. , ROYER R. E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Some Reactions of 3‐Trichloromethyl‐4,5‐ dichloroisothiazole.
Authors: KABERDIN R. V. , POTKIN V. I. , OL'DEKOP YU. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl(aryl)‐4‐morpholinopyridines
Authors: ARMITAGE M. A. , MITCHELL M. B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives and Their Calcium Antagonistic Activity.
Authors: SAFAK C. , SAHIN I. , SUNAL R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Aspects of Synthesis of the Compounds with P‐C Bonds.
Authors: KORMACHEV V. V. , VASILYEVA T. V. , MITRASOV Y. N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of C‐Phosphorylated Thioformic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: KOWALENKO L. W. , BUWASHKINA N. I. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Reactions of Halogenphosphoranes with Quinones.
Authors: KUTYREV A. A. , BIRUKOV V. V. , FOMIN S. G. , MOSKVA V. V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pseudochalcogeno Compounds. Part 24. Cyanamido Trimetaphosphimates.
Authors: KOEHLER H. , AHMED S. , JAEGER L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Aspects in the Chemistry of Some Cyclic Esters of Alkylphosphonates.
Authors: YUAN C. Y. , LI S. S. , LIAO X. G. , CHENG Z. Y. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.