bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laminar flow in a two-dimensional plane channel with local pressure-dependent crossflow
Authors: HALDENWANG P. 
Published: November 2007

Long ducts (or pipes) composed of transpiring (e.g. porous) walls are at the root of numerous industrial devices for species separation, as tangential filtration or membrane desalination. Similar configurations can also be involved in fluid supply systems, as irrigation or biological fluids in capillaries. A transverse leakage (or permeate flux), the strength of which is assumed to depend linearly on local pressure (as in Starling's law for capillary), takes place through permeable walls. All other dependences, as osmotic pressure or partial fouling due to polarization of species concentration, are neglected. To analyse this open problem we consider the simplest situation: the steady laminar flow in a two-dimensional channel composed of two symmetrical porous walls.First, dimensional analysis helps us to determine the relevant parameters. We then revisit the Berman problem that considers a uniform crossflow (i.e. pressure-independent leakage). We expand the solution in a series of Rt, the transverse Reynolds number. We note this series has a rapid convergence in the considered range of Rt (i.e. Rt ≤ O(1)). A particular method of variable separation then allows us to derive from the Navier–Stokes equations two new ordinary differential equations (ODE), which correspond to first and second orders in the development in Rt, whereas the zero order recovers the Regirer linear theory. Finally, both new ODEs are used to study the occurrence of two undesirable events in the filtration process: axial flow exhaustion (AFE) and crossflow reversal (CFR). This study is compared with a numerical approach.
The surface-tension-driven evolution of a two-dimensional annular viscous tube
Authors: GRIFFITHS I. M. , HOWELL P. D. 
Published: November 2007

We consider the evolution of an annular two-dimensional region occupied by viscous fluid driven by surface tension and applied pressure at the free surfaces. We assume that the thickness of the domain is small compared with its circumference, so that it may be described as a thin viscous sheet whose ends are joined to form a closed loop. Analytical and numerical solutions of the resulting model are obtained and we show that it is well posed whether run forwards or backwards in time. This enables us to determine, in many cases explicitly, which initial shapes will evolve into a desired final shape. We also show how the application of an internal pressure may be used to control the evolution.This work is motivated by the production of non-axisymmetric capillary tubing via the Vello process. Molten glass is fed through a die and drawn off vertically, while the shape of the cross-section evolves under surface tension and any applied pressure as it flows downstream. Here the goal is to determine the die shape required to achieve a given desired final shape, typically square or rectangular. We conclude by discussing the role of our two-dimensional model in describing the three-dimensional tube-drawing process.
Linear and nonlinear decay of cat's eyes in two-dimensional vortices, and the link to Landau poles
Authors: TURNER M. R. , GILBERT ANDREW D. 
Published: November 2007

This paper considers the evolution of smooth, two-dimensional vortices subject to a rotating external strain field, which generates regions of recirculating, cat's eye stream line topology within a vortex. When the external strain field is smoothly switched off, the cat's eyes may persist, or they may disappear as the vortex relaxes back to axisymmetry. A numerical study obtains criteria for the persistence of cat's eyes as a function of the strength and time scale of the imposed strain field, for a Gaussian vortex profile.In the limit of a weak external strain field and high Reynolds number, the disturbance decays exponentially, with a rate that is linked to a Landau pole of the linear inviscid problem. For stronger strain fields, but not strong enough to give persistent cat's eyes, the exponential decay of the disturbance varies: as time increases the decay slows down, because of the nonlinear feedback on the mean profile of the vortex. This is confirmed by determining the decay rate given by the Landau pole for these modified profiles. For strain fields strong enough to generate persistent cat's eyes, their location and rotation rate are determined for a range of angular velocities of the external strain field, and are again linked to Landau poles of the mean profiles, modified through nonlinear effects.
Spontaneous cervical surgical emphysema following childbirth
Authors: Mylvaganam S , Hobbs C G L 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective:We report a case of post-partum surgical cervical emphysema, which is a rare but well recognised complication of labour. By reporting the first case in the ENT literature, we aim to raise awareness of this complication, particularly amongst trainees, to ensure that patients are managed most appropriately.Case report:A 36-year-old, primigravida woman developed neck swelling and odynophagia post-partum. Surgical cervical emphysema was palpated, with further examination excluding pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax. The patient was managed conservatively, with complete resolution of symptoms within a week.Conclusions:Surgical cervical emphysema, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are all well recognised post-partum complications. The vast majority of cases do not present with respiratory or cardiac compromise and can be appropriately managed conservatively, with expectation of resolution in a fortnight. There is no evidence that such patients are at increased risk during subsequent pregnancies.
Public disclosure of industrial pollution: the PROPER approach for Indonesia?
Authors: GARCÍA JORGE H. , STERNER THOMAS , AFSAH SHAKEB 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper evaluates the effectiveness of the Program for Pollution Control Evaluation and Rating (PROPER) in Indonesia. PROPER, the first major public disclosure program in the developing world, was launched in June 1995; though it collapsed in 1998 with the Asian financial crisis, it is currently being revived. There have been claims of success for this pioneering scheme, yet little formal and conclusive analysis has been undertaken. We analyze changes in emissions concentrations (mg/L) using panel data techniques with plant-level data for participating firms and a control group. The results show that there was indeed a positive response to PROPER, especially among firms with poor environmental compliance records. The response was immediate, and firms pursued further emissions reductions in the following months. The total estimated reductions in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were approximately 32 per cent.
Fuel choices in urban Indian households
Authors: FARSI MEHDI , FILIPPINI MASSIMO , PACHAURI SHONALI 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper applies an ordered discrete choice framework to model fuel choices and patterns of cooking fuel use in urban Indian households. The choices considered are for three main cooking fuels: firewood, kerosene, and LPG (liquid petroleum gas). The models, estimated using a large microeconomic dataset, show a reasonably good performance in the prediction of households’ primary and secondary fuel choices. This suggests that ordered models can be used to analyze multiple fuel use patterns in the Indian context. The results show that lack of sufficient income is one of the main factors that retard households from using cleaner fuels, which usually also require the purchase of relatively expensive equipments. The results also indicate that households are sensitive to LPG prices. In addition to income and price, several socio-demographic factors such as education and sex of the head of the household are also found to be important in determining household fuel choice.
Farmer willingness to pay for seed-related information: rice varieties in Nigeria and Benin
Authors: HORNA J. DANIELA , SMALE MELINDA , OPPEN MATTHIAS VON 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThis study examines farmers’ preferences for seed of new rice varieties (improved and NERICA) and their willingness to pay (WTP) for information embodied in the seed, in villages of Nigeria and Benin. Information might not generate rivalry among its users but excludability is certainly a characteristic of information and its delivery can generate incentives for private participation. Conjoint utility analysis is used to estimate the structure of farmers’ preferences for rice seed. Farmers prefer one variety based on the utility they obtain from its attributes, which depends on their own social and economic characteristics. Contingent methods are used to elicit preferences and rice seed price. The marginal values of attributes are estimated with an ordered probit regression. The WTP for seed-related information is derived from the utility model. The results have implications for the best way to finance extension services in the areas of intervention, particularly for new rice varieties.
Optimal time for investment to regulate emissions of particulate matter in Indian thermal power plants
Authors: SENGUPTA ISHITA 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThis study aims to find the optimal switching point for the Indian coal-based power plants to switch to a cost-effective technology and reduce particulate emissions. Regulation in the form of an emission standard, an emissions tax, an ash tax, or a coal tax provides an incentive for the power plants to abate. We have taken a period of 40 years to show the pattern of abatement in a sample of 40 power plants. Linear programming using GAMS has been used for the analysis to determine when the plants will shift to cost-efficient technology. We have first done the analysis on a firm-to-firm basis and then we have aggregated to show the variability of our results.
Newspaper coverage of drug policy: an analysis of pre‐election reporting of the Greens' drug policy in Australia
Authors: JONES SANDRA C. , HALL DANIKA , COWLIN FIONA 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. With the headline ‘Ecstasy Over The Counter’ in a popular daily newspaper, the debate on drug policy officially entered the arena of the 2003 New South Wales (Australia) State Election. The debate resurfaced in the lead‐up to the 2004 Australian Federal Election. This paper analyses the pre‐election coverage of drug policy issues in four Australian newspapers. Design and Methods. Four high‐circulation daily newspapers were monitored for a one‐month period prior to both elections and analysed for their coverage of drug policy, particularly with respect to the policy of the Greens. Results. The newspapers took different perspectives on drug policy issues, with two framing it in emotive terms as a moral debate and two framing it as political manoeuvring. Discussion and Conclusion. The newspapers focused upon emotive and sensationalist factors. They did not provide their readers with information or a rationale for the formulation of drug policy, be this from a harm minimisation or zero tolerance perspective.
The role of drug and alcohol policy in reducing Indigenous over‐representation in prison*
Authors: WEATHERBURN D. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAustralian Indigenous imprisonment rates are higher now than they were at the time of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody. The Commission attributed Indigenous imprisonment to Indigenous cultural, economic and social disadvantage. Noel Pearson has argued that Indigenous drug and alcohol use is a more important cause of Indigenous contact with the justice system than Indigenous disadvantage. In this paper I argue that the available evidence provides strong support for Pearson's view and for the proposition that future efforts to reduce Indigenous imprisonment should place more emphasis on supply‐side strategies for reducing Indigenous drug and alcohol abuse.
The influence of alcohol and tobacco use in orthopaedic inpatients on complications of surgery
Authors: WILLIAMS GERARD , DALY MICHELLE , PROUDE ELIZABETH M. , KERMODE STEVEN , DAVIS MICHELLE , BARLING JAN , HABER PAUL S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There is limited research on the correlation between tobacco and risky levels of alcohol use and the possible complications associated with a hospital admission. The underestimation of problem drinking, in particular, has obvious repercussions for the management of patients in hospital. If alcohol‐related problems go undetected or unrecorded, treatment may be inadequate or inappropriate. The aims of the project were to assess the prevalence of high‐risk alcohol and tobacco use in orthopaedic in‐patients and to examine any relationship between alcohol and tobacco use and the number and type of complications, management and length of stay. Design and Method. One hundred and fifty‐three consecutive orthopaedic admissions to the Orthopaedic Ward at Lismore Base Hospital were screened using the Drinkcheck questionnaire, which is based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), but which also screens for tobacco use. Nursing staff on the ward completed a Complications Evaluation Questionnaire (CEQ). The risk status of the subjects was compared to the number and type of complications, to assess any effects of alcohol and tobacco on post‐surgical complications. Results. Significant correlations were found between tobacco use, hazardous and harmful alcohol use and numerous medical complications and behavioural problems. Behavioural problems associated with risky alcohol use included verbal abuse, agitation and sleep disturbances, particularly in men; problems associated with tobacco use included agitation and non‐compliance. Discussion and Conclusions. Orthopaedic patients who smoke and/or drink heavily prior to surgery may have more non‐medical complications than non‐smokers and light or non‐drinkers. All surgery patients should thus be screened for alcohol and tobacco use and alcohol withdrawal, which may cause other symptoms such as behavioural problems, non‐compliance and verbal abuse post‐surgery.
An outcome evaluation of the New South Wales Sober Driver Programme: a remedial programme for recidivist drink drivers
Authors: MILLS KATHERINE L. , HODGE WENDY , JOHANSSON KLAS , CONIGRAVE KATHERINE M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Recidivist drink drivers pose a considerable threat to public safety. The present study evaluates the effectiveness of a remedial programme for recidivist drink drivers, the New South Wales Sober Driver Programme (SDP). SDP combines educational components and elements of group cognitive behavioural therapy in relation to drink driving behaviour. It is delivered in conjunction with punitive sanctions. Design and Methods. The evaluation design included a comparison of recidivism rates over 2 years for SDP participants and a community control group of convicted drink drivers who received legal sanctions alone. Quantitative and qualitative surveys of SDP participants were also conducted before, immediately after and 4 months after the programme. Outcome measures included recidivism, change in participant knowledge and attitudes, self‐reported behavioural intentions and skill development. Results. SDP participants were 43% less likely to re‐offend over 2 years compared with community controls who had received sanctions alone. Survey respondents demonstrated improved knowledge, attitudes and skills regarding drink driving. Discussion and Conclusions. SDP appears to be an effective intervention, demonstrating greater reductions in recidivism when compared with legal sanctions alone.
Quality of life, depression and anxiety in alcohol dependence
Authors: SAATCIOGLU OMER , YAPICI ASLIHAN , CAKMAK DURAN 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Quality of life is recognised increasingly as an important component in the evaluation of disease processes. Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses accompanying alcohol addiction, especially severe cases of anxiety or depression, may have a negative impact on quality of life. This study focused on the impact of severity of anxiety and depression on quality of life of 150 alcohol‐dependent patients treated in hospital. Design and Methods. Consecutive patients were evaluated using relevant quality of life scales at the study's onset and 3 and 6 weeks after the complete disappearance of withdrawal symptoms. Patients were classified into three groups: patients with alcohol dependence only, patients with depression and patients with anxiety. Results. The level of anxiety and depression decreased from the initial evaluation to week 3 in patients with a high level of anxiety and depression, whereas the level of anxiety increased in the alcohol only‐dependent patients. Initial evaluation conducted using the quality of life scales indicated significant differences between the three patient groups: physical health (F = 7.92, p = 0.001); psychological (F = 32.21, p = 0.001); social relationship (F = 3.45, p = 0.03); and environment (F = 7.79, p = 0.001). At weeks 3 and 6, quality of life for physical health, psychological and environment areas differed significantly between patient groups, but social relationships did not. At weeks 3 and 6, quality of life was lowest in patients with depression and highest in alcohol only‐dependent patients with a low severity of depression or anxiety. Discussion and Conclusions. Symptoms of anxiety and depression accompanying alcohol addiction lead to an increase in severity of the problems associated with the addiction and have a negative effect on quality of life. Measurement of quality of life within the scope of treatment programmes would help to identify treatment requirements in addicted patients.
Harm reduction programmes in the Asia–Pacific Region
Authors: REID GARY , DEVANEY MADONNA L. , BALDWIN SIMON 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. This paper reports on the public health intervention of harm reduction to address drug use issues in the Asia – Pacific region. Design and Methods. It is based on the report ‘Situational analysis of illicit drug issues and responses in Asia and the Pacific’, commissioned by the Australian National Council on Drugs Asia Pacific Drug Issues Committee. A comprehensive desk‐based review based on published and unpublished literature and key informant data. Results. Drug use in the Asia – Pacific region is widespread, resulting in serious adverse health consequences. Needle and syringe programmes are found in some parts of Asia, but not in the six Pacific Island countries reviewed. Outreach and peer education programmes are implemented, but overall appear minor in size and scope. Substitution therapy programmes appear to be entering a new era of acceptance in some parts of Asia. Primary health care specifically for drug users overall is limited. Discussion and Conclusions. Harm reduction programmes in the Asia – Pacific region are either small in scale or do not exist. Most programmes lack the technical capacity, human resources and a limited scope of operations to respond effectively to the needs of drug users. Governments in this region should be encouraged to endorse evidence‐based harm reduction programmes.
Client satisfaction and risk behaviours of the users of syringe dispensing machines: a pilot study
Authors: ISLAM MD MOFIZUL , STERN TIM , CONIGRAVE KATHERINE M. , WODAK ALEX 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. The study examines risk behaviours of the users of syringe dispensing machines (SDMs) and evaluates the usefulness of these machines in providing injecting drug users (IDUs) with sterile injecting equipment. Design and Methods. Self‐administered questionnaires were used among users of SDMs in an Area Health Service of Sydney. Results. The majority of the 167 participants reported being happy with the quality of the SDM services. Problems identified with machines were that they were often broken or jammed (32.8% respondents), not in the right place (21.9%) or require money (16.7%). Just over half (50.9%) of the IDUs use SDMs only from 5 p.m. to 9 a.m., the time when almost all other outlets for accessing sterile injecting equipment remain closed. Relatively young IDUs (age ≤ 30 years) were more likely to prefer SDMs over staffed needle syringe programmes (NSPs) compared with older users (age > 30) and to identify stigma (a desire to hide their identity or not liking the way people treat them at staffed NSPs or chemists) as a main reason for using these machines. Primary users of SDMs do not differ from primary users of NSP/chemists in terms of sharing of needles. Those users who had shared in the last month were nearly four times as likely to have never used condoms in sexual encounters over that period (95% confidence interval: 1.2–14.5). Discussion and Conclusion. SDMs appear to complement other outlets of NSPs. Providing free‐of‐cost equipment from SDMs should be considered carefully, as needing money to buy equipment was a reason given for sharing of needles by 35% of those who shared.
Fast and accurate identification of semi-tryptic peptides in shotgun proteomics
Authors: Alves Pedro , Arnold Randy J. , Clemmer David E. , Li Yixue , Reilly James P. , Sheng Quanhu , Tang Haixu , Xun Zhiyin , Zeng Rong , Radivojac Predrag 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Motivation: One of the major problems in shotgun proteomics is the low peptide coverage when analyzing complex protein samples. Identifying more peptides, e.g. non-tryptic peptides, may increase the peptide coverage and improve protein identification and/or quantification that are based on the peptide identification results. Searching for all potential non-tryptic peptides is, however, time consuming for shotgun proteomics data from complex samples, and poses a challenge for a routine data analysis.
Results: We hypothesize that non-tryptic peptides are mainly created from the truncation of regular tryptic peptides before separation. We introduce the notion of truncatability of a tryptic peptide, i.e. the probability of the peptide to be identified in its truncated form, and build a predictor to estimate a peptide's truncatability from its sequence. We show that our predictions achieve useful accuracy, with the area under the ROC curve from 76% to 87%, and can be used to filter the sequence database for identifying truncated peptides. After filtering, only a limited number of tryptic peptides with the highest truncatability are retained for non-tryptic peptide searching. By applying this method to identification of semi-tryptic peptides, we show that a significant number of such peptides can be identified within a searching time comparable to that of tryptic peptide identification.
Contact: predrag@indiana.edu; rarnold@indiana.edu; hatang@indiana.edu