bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluvial-deltaic deposits (Caseyville and Abbott Formations) of Early Pennsylvanian age exposed along the Pounds Escarpment, southern Illinois
Authors: Jacobson Russell J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
I-24 passes through the lower Pennsylvanian rocks of the Pounds Escarpment, roughly 10 to 20 mi ( 15 to30 km) south of Marion, Illinois (Fig. 1). This escarpment is a cuesta formed of resistant basal Pennsylvanian sandstones. Roadcuts along the interstate have made accessible nearly all of the Caseyville Formation and the basal portion of the Abbot Formation. The roadcuts are approximately 20.5 mi (33 km) south of the interchange of Illinois 13 with I-57 at Marion, Illinois (Fig. 1), and 2.7 miles(4.3 km) north of the Vienna interchange of U.S. 45 with I-24.
Figure 2 shows the exact location of the I-24 roadcuts on aportion of the Vienna 7½-minute Quadrangle.The upper roadcut is in the E½NE¼Sec.8, T.12S., R.3E., Johnson County, Illinois.The lower cut is found in the E½NE¼Sec. 17, and the NW¼ Sec.16, T.12S., R.3E., Johnson County, Illinois.
The Pennsylvanian rocks are well exposed in lower and upper sets of cuts on both sides of the interstate. The shoulders are wide and paved, and provide room for a group of vehicles to pull completely off the road. However, it is still advisable for any large group planning a formal field trip to first check with the state police.
Separate cuts have been made for the northbound and southbound lanes on I-24; thus, four walls of rock are present and separate stops can be made (Fig. 2).
Anomalous Paleozoic outliers near Limestone Mountain, Michigan
Authors: Milstein Randall L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLimestone Mountain, Sec.13, 14, 23, 24, T.51W., R.35W., Houghton County, Michigan; Pelkie, Michigan, 7½-minuteQuadrangle. Limestone Mountain is located 1 mi (1.6 km) northeastof Hazel, Michigan (Fig. 1). Access to Limestone Mountainis by private road or foot trail. The trail head is located on thewest side of Limestone Mountain Road, 800 ft (244 m) south ofthis road’s intersection with Papin Road (Fig. 1). Limestone Mountain is located on privately owned wilderness land, and permission should be obtained prior to entry.
Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park, Michigan
Authors: Reed Robert C. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Porcupine Mountains State Park is located in the northwestern part of Michigan’s northern peninsula. The parkoccupies all of T.50N., R.45W.; T.5lN., R.43W.; T.5lN., R.44W.;and portions of T.49N., R.45W.; T.50N., R.43W.; T.50N., R.44W.; and T.51N., R.42W. in Ontonagon and Geogebic Counties (Fig. 1). The area of the park is covered by the Carp River and TiebelCreek 7½ by 15-minute Quadrangles and the Aldrige Creek, Bergland NE, Government Peak, and White Pine 7½-minute Quadrangles. The principal entrance to the park s via Michigan 107 west of Silver City. Silver City ilocated 13 mi (21 km) westOntonagon on Michigan 64 and 18 mi (29 km) north of Berglandon Michigan 64. Alternate access is provided by CountyRoad 51916 mi (26 km) north of Wakefield. County Road 519intersects the park’s South Boundary Road which extends northand east to Michigan 107. A visitors/ center is located south of theintersection of Michigan 107 and the South Boundary Road. Forpark visitors, it is extremely advisable not to feed the bears.Further information about Porcupine Mountains State Park maybe obtained from Park Manager, Porcupine Mountains StatePark, 599 M-107, Ontonagon, Michigan 49953.
Huron River
Authors: Kalliokoski J. , Lynott Jeffrey S. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Big Eric’s Crossing (Fig. 1, Site 1) is a county bridge acrossthe Huron River (NW¼NW¼Sec.35, T.52N., R.30W.), Skanee, Michigan 15-minute Quadrangle, about 12 mi (19 km) northeastof L/Anse, Michigan, along the road that continues north fromMain Street. The second locality (Site 2), a small, southeastfacinggranite hill, (SE¼:SE¼Sec.26) is about 1 mi (1.6 km)nrtheast of the bridge and lies about 600 ft (200 m) south of the road.
Big Eric/s Crossing is a famous fishing spot on the HuronRiver, and Baraga County maintains a campground at the bridge.The river is high from late September until late May, so theoutcrops along the river are best visited during the middle andlate summer.
Sites 2 and 3 are on private land. However, so long as visitsare brief, and visitors continue to respect the surface and theexposures, property owners in the Upper Peninsula tend not topost their lands.
Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, northern Michigan
Authors: Milstein Randall L. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, T.48N., R.19W. andT.49N., R.13W., Alger County, Michigan; Munising, Wood IslandS. E., Grand Portal Point, Trappers Lake, Au Sable Point, Grand Sable Lake, and Grand Marais, Michigan, 7½-minuteQuadrangles. The Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore extendsfrom the city of Munising, Michigan, along the Lake Superiorshoreline 43 mi (69 km) to Grand Marais, Michigan (Fig. 1). Access to Pictured Rocks by automobile is either from Michigan 28 and Michigan 94 at Munising or Michigan 77 at Grand Marais. Access to the lakeshore can also be gained by hiking trails orboat. Commercial boat tours are available between June 1 andmid-October, weather permitting, and leave the harbor at Munising daily
The geology of the Niagara Escarpment, Fayette, Michigan
Authors: Dellapenna Timothy M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Fayette State Park, the ghost town of Fayette, and an accessible portion of the Niagara Escarpment are located 8 mi (12.8 km) southwest of the town of Garden, Michigan, on the shore of Big Bay De Noc, Fayette7½–minute Quadrangle. The sites are reached by U.S. 2 to Garden, then south on Michigan M-183 to FayetteState Park (Fig. 1). The sites may also be reached by boat through entry into Snail Shell Harbor.
Ash Hollow State Historical Park
Authors: Diffendal R. F. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Ash Hollow State Historical Park, administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, is located primarily in Sec. 3, N½, Sec. 10, and the E½NE¼Sec.22, T.15N., R.42W. (Fig. 1), Garden County, Nebraska. The park and adjacent lands are shown on the Lewellen and Ruthton 7½ -minute Quadrangles; scale 1:24,000. U.S. 26 passes through the park. This highway and other paved roads provide access from 1-80. A camping area and a museum with excellent interpretive displays are located in the park.
Rock exposures are easily accessible by foot in the park and at road cuts along U.S. 26 and nearby county roads. No collecting of specimens is permitted in the park, but samples may be collected from road cuts. Fossils found by people in and near the park have been added to the museum collections. Poison ivy can be found in abundance in some parts of the area. Rattlesnakes may live anywhere in this part of Nebraska.
Middle Devonian Transverse Group in Charlevoix and Emmet counties, Michigan
Authors: Milstein Randall L. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Middle Devonian Traverse Group is a sequence of carbonates and shales randomly exposed as shoreline bluffs, roadcuts, river gorges, and quarries in the northern portion of Michigan’s Southern Peninsula. Some of the most accessible of these outcrops are in Charlevoix and Emmet counties, where large sections of the group are exposed and are easily viewed bytraveling U.S. 31 north along the Lake Michigan shoreline (Fig. 1). The route defined in this chapter can be followed on the Charlevoix, Bayshore, and Petoskey, Michigan 15-minute quadrangles. Most locations described are situated on public lands. Visitors are urged to obtain permission quadrangles. Most locations described are situated on public lands. Visitors are urged to obtain permission prior to entering sites on private property.
Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan
Authors: Milstein Randall L. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, T.27 to 32N., R.13 to 16W., Benzie and Leelanau counties, Michigan;North Manitou, Maple City, Empire, and Frankfort, Michigan, 15-minute quadrangles. The Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore begins just north of Point Betsie in Benzie County and extends northward along theLake Michigan shoreline to Good Harbor Bay in Leelanau County (Fig.1). The national lakeshore also includes both North and South Manitou islands. Access to the national lakeshore by automobile is by Michigan 22. Access to the Manitou Islands is by private or charter boat service.Charter boat service is from Leland, Michigan, and is provided by Manitou Island Transit from June through December. Service is round trip once daily. Thedriving of vehicles in Sleeping Bear DunesNational Lakeshore is restricted to established, maintained roads. The driving of offroad recreational vehicles is restricted to designated roadways; offroad travel in sand dunes areas is prohibited.Pets are not allowed onthe Manitou Islands.
The Ledges of the Grand River, Michigan
Authors: Milstein Randall L. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Ledges of the Grand River, T.4N., R.4W., Eaton County, Michigan; Eagle, Michigan, 7½-minute Quadrangle. The Ledges are located in the city of Grand Ledge, Michigan, 11 mi(18 km) west of Lansing, Michigan, on Michigan 43 (Fig. 1). The Ledges occupy both the northeast and southwest banks of the Grand River. Access to the southwest Ledges is by East Jefferson Street to Fitzgerald Park. Access is also possible either by canoe or the River Path Trail that begins at River and Harrisonstreets in Grand Ledge.
The Silurian reefs near Wabash, Indiana
Authors: Shaver Robert H. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The geology of the area in and near the City of Wabash, located in Wabash County along the upper Wabash River (Fig. 1), has had an important role in the development of modern concepts of Silurian sedimentation and reef growth in the southern Great Lakes area. The geologic significance of this area goes beyond an understanding of Silurian rocks in themselves, as Silurian reef studies have served as models in the development of fossil-reef and attendant sedimentation concepts throughout the geologic column.
One focal site is that of one of the best known fossil reefs in the world, The Wabash Reef, which is exposed on either side of the Wabash Railroad cut that extends more than 1, 000 ft (300 m) northeastward from the end of East Market Street and immediately northeast of the site of the former Big Four Railroad Station in Wabash (SE¼SE¼Sec.11, T.27N., R.6E., Wabash 7½-minute Quadrangle; Figure 1). Generations of geologists on scores of field trips have been inspired by this reef exposure. Noted leaders in the developing study of Silurian reefs who made oft-cited observations here, not all of them correct, include E. M. Kindle, Edgar R. Cumings, Robert R. Shrock, Marius LeCompte, and Heinz A. Lowenstam.
The exposure is on the property of the Wabash Railroad, a busy rail line. Permission generally is not required, but a local employee of the railroad usually inquires the business of a fieldtrip group on the site and allows the group to continue its
Cataract Lake emergency spillway, southwestern Indiana
Authors: Hasenmueller Walter A. , Bleuer N. K. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Cataract Lake emergency spillway in Putnam County, Indiana, is in the SW¼NW¼ Sec.13, T.12N., R.5W. (Poland Quadrangle). The spillway cut is most easily reached by following the secondary road indicated in Figure 1 north from Indiana 42, a distance of about 2 mi (3.2 km). The secondary road thatleads to the spillway cut is identified by a Corps of Engineers sign that points the way to the reservoir dam. The intersection of Indiana 42 with the road to the spillway is about 5 mi (8 km) south of 1-70 and is 1.8 mi (3 km) east of Poland, Indiana, and 4.6 mi (7.4 km) west of the intersection of Indiana 243 and Indiana 42 (Fig. 1). The spillway cut is immediately adjacent to the secondary road that runs north from Indiana 42. Because the spillway cut is a restricted area, permission to enter should be obtained at the Corps of Engineers office just north of the dam.
The Indiana building-limestone district, south-central Indiana
Authors: Patton John B. , Carr Donald D. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The best public access to quarries from which the noted Indiana Limestone (trade name) is produced is at a park and demonstration center in the NE¼NW00BC;Sec.33, T.6N., R.1W., Lawrence County, Indiana (Oolitic 7½-minute Quadrangle), and lies 1 mi (1.6 km) north of Oolitic, which is, in turn, some 3 mi (4.8 km) north of Bedford, the county seat of Lawrence County (Fig. 1).
The site may be reached by passenger car or bus. Visitors approaching from the south by 4-lane Indiana 37 should pass the turnout to the north part of Oolitic and proceed 2.3 mi (3.7 km) to Trogden Lane, turning right (east) there and passing through Needmore to the old 2-lane route of Indiana 37(1.2 mi [1.9 km]). Turn right (southeast) and proceed half a mile (0.8 km) to the entry for the Indiana Limestone Tourist Park and Demonstration Center.
Visitors approaching from the north by Indiana 37 (4-lane)will pass a stoplight intersection with Indiana 45 at the southwest edge of Bloomington and proceed 7.7 mi (12.3 km) to the place where the road descends from the upland in a deep bedrock cut through the lower part of the Salem Limestone, the entire Harrodsburg Limestone and Ramp Creek Formation, and the upper few feet of the Borden Group (Middle Mississippian). The highway crosses Clear Creek about 0.3 mi (0.5 km) south of the cut, and 2.2 mi (3.7 km) south of the bridge the new highway intersects old Indiana 37 at a blinker light. Turn left
The Borden Group
Authors: Shaver Robert H. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
One of many remarkable exposures of the Borden Group (lower Middle Mississippian) is on either side of a nearly continuous 1.5-mi (2.4-km) road cut along U.S. 50 leading downthrough the Knobstone Escarpment from the Knobs Overlook (aconvenient parking area for field-trip groups) in the northernthird of section 10 and central western part of section 14, T.5N., R.3E. (Medora and Kurtz 7½-minute Quadrangles), JacksonCounty, Indiana (Fig. 1). From the time of its earliest scientificnote by one of America’s great pioneer geologists (David DaleOwen in 1838), the wedge of Borden rocks, as much as 700 ft(210 m) thick in an area extending from central Illinois eastwardand southeastward into north-central Tennessee, has been intensivelystudied by scores of geologists.
Perhaps the two most significant of the earlier, pioneeringIndiana studies were conducted by Borden (1874) and Stockdale (1931). These and other studies of the time were preoccupiedwith descriptive explorations and with establishing ages of theBorden divisions within the Subcarboniferous Group, a term thatOwen had correctly applied about 150 years ago. Only during amodern period of intensive study in the broader area noted abovedid geologists come to realize that the Borden Group is a sperbexample of a vast ancient delta system complete with bottomset, foreset, and topset beds together with many sedimentologic faciesand ecologic niches afforded by prodelta, delta-slope, deltaplatform, distributary-channel, and interdistributary-flat environments.(See, for example: Swarm and others, 1965; Lineback, 1966;Suttner and Hattin, 1973; Kepferle, 1977; Gray, 1979
Madison, Indiana
Authors: Totten Stanley M. , Hay Helen B. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Madison area in southeastern Indiana has long beenacclaimed for its geomorphic features, Upper Ordovician fossils, and scenic beauty. Madison is located on the Ohio River (Figure1) almost midway between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Louisville, Kentucky. [t is easily accessible by several state highways, and theU.S. 421 bridge over the Ohio River at Madison providesaccess from Kentucky. Clifty Falls State Park offers outstandingrecreational and camping facilities. Madison actually consistsof two towns separated from each other by a 300 ft (90 m)-high rocky bluff: so-called Historical Madison located on theterraces and floodplain and the newer North Madison located onthe upland.
Upper Ordovician and Silurian strata, well exposed in theMadison area along numerous road cuts and tributaries of theOhio River, dip gently westward along he western flank of theCincinnati Arch and the eastern margin of the Illinois Basin. Thebest and most easily accessible outcrops are along U.S. 421 justnorth of Madison where the highway rises from the Ohio Rivervalley to the uplands.
The fossiliferous Ordovician outcrops at Madison areamong the classic Cincinnatian fossil-collecting localities ofsoutheastern Indiana, southwestern Ohio, and northern Kentucky.In addition, the distinctive dolomitic and sparsely fossiliferousSaluda Formation near the top of the Ordovician is wellexposed and reaches its maximum thickness in the Madison area. A roadlog at the end of this article and keyed to Figure 1describes access to the many points of geologic interest in theMadison area. Important vantage points are shown by letters in Figure 1.
Sub-Pennsylvanian disconformity near Shoals, Indiana
Authors: Gray Henry H. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
This site is along a spur railroad cut in the W½NE¼Sec. 28, T.3N., R. 3W., Martin County, Indiana (Fig. 1). It is shown on theHuron 7½-minute Quadrangle and is accessible by foot from acounty road that crosses the railroad just south of the cut. The cutis on the property of the National Gypsum Company, Shoals Plant, and permission to visit should be requested, particularly forgroups.
This is the best and most revealing exposure of the sub-Pennsylvanian disconformity in southern Indiana and is one ofthe best in the entire Illinois Basin. A small pre-Pennsylvanianvalley with about 50 ft (15 m) relief is well shown, and manyfeatures of the rocks above and below the contact are also illustrated. This is an excellent introduction to the stratigraphy ofmuch of southwestern Indiana.
The Late Cretaceus Niobrara Formation in south central Nebraska
Authors: Pabian Roger K. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Excellent outcrops of Niobrara and Pleistocene strata can be seen near Franklin and Bloomington (Exposures 1 and 2, Fig. 1; Figs. 2-5) in Franklin County. The Niobrara Formation generally dips westward at about 15 ft/mi (3 m/km), and at the western end of the outcrop area in Harlan County, the Niobrara is conformably overlain by the Pierre Shale.
All of the outcrops are road cuts and are within public access. The outcrop near Franklin has a very steepnorth slope and a fairly gentle east slope. The section at the Bloomington bridge is very steep but negotiable by persons without physical limitations. The outcrops near Red Cloud are fairly steep but are also negotiable by persons without physical limitations.
Kelleys Island
Authors: Feldmann Rodney M. , Bjerstedt Thomas W. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Kelleys Island is the easternmost of the Lake Erie Islands group, located north of Marblehead Peninsula and Sandusky, Ohio, (Fig. 1) on the Kelleys Island 7½-minute Quadrangle. Access to the Island is provided by the Newman Boat Lines which operates a ferry from Marblehead (April through November) and from Sandusky (June through Labor Day). Throughout the year, the Island is also served by Island Arilines from Port Clinton Municipal Airport. On the Island, transportation is available in the form of rental bicycles, golf carts, or private cars ferried from the mainland.
Garfield Heights
Authors: Miller Barry B. , Szabo John P. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Complex Quaternary deposits are well exposed alongthe west of McCracken Road. The pit has been used asa landfill valley of Mill Creek, in Garfield Heights (Shaker Heights 7½- through the years and is now partof an industrial park. A major minute Quadrangle), Cuyahoga County, Ohio (Fig. 1).Details of interstate highway, 1-480 (Fig. 1), passes through and partially the stratigraphy can be examined best at two sections exposed covers some of the units that were previously exposed in the along the steep-wall of an abandoned sand and gravel pit north-steep-wall just southeast of McCracken Road. Access to the northwest pit may be made through an entrance road to the industrial park, which joins the northwestern side of McCracken Road about 100 ft (30 m) southwest of the intersection of the Conrail right-of-way and McCracken Road. Vehicles should be parked close to the steep-wall of the pit and as far as possiblefrom buildings in the industrial park.
Wellsville Hill
Authors: Wiese Robert G. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Ohio 7 is a divided highway with wide shoulders adequate for parking at the exposures. Access to the area from western Penn-The Wellsville Hill section consists of two large roadcuts sylvania and West Virginiais by bridges across the Ohio River at located along Ohio 7 just south of Wellsville, Ohio, on the East Liverpool, Ohio, to the north and at Steubenville, Ohio, to Wellsville Ohio-West Virginia 7½-minute Quadrangle (Fig. 1). the south of the field area.
Black Hand Gorge State Nature Preserve
Authors: Malcuit Robert J. , Bork Kennard B. 
Published: November 2007

Abstarct
Black Hand Gorge State Nature Preserve is located about 9 mi (15 km) east of Newark, Ohio. It is readily accessible from Ohio 16 and 146, as shown on Figure 1. The area became a state nature preserve in 1975 and is accessible on a year-round basis during daylight hours. Canoeing in the river and bicycling along a recently constructed bicycle trail are possible when weather and water level permit. The gorge is located on the west-central area of the Toboso (Ohio) 7½-minute Quadrangle (Fig. 2).
John Bryan State Park, Ohio
Authors: Ausich William I. 
Published: November 2007

Abstarct
John Bryan State Park is located 3 mi (4.8 km) southeast of Yellow Springs, Ohio. Outcrops are highwall exposures of a gorge cut by the Little Miami River (Fig.1). Access to the two sections in John Bryan State Park is by foot trails on either side of the Little Miami River. The trails originate from the lower picnic area parking lot. A foot bridge spans the Little Mii 0.25 mi (0.4 km) east of the lower picnic area parking lot. The North Section is beneath a waterfall and in a stream bed 0.5 mi (0.8 km) east of the bridge along the north river trail, and the South Section is beneath a waterfall and in a stream bed 0.25 mi (0.4 km) east of the bridge along the south river trail. Locations are as follows: North Section, NW¼ SW¼ NW¼ Sec. 1, T.4, R.8; South Section, SE¼ NW¼ SE¼ Sec. 1, T.4, R.9; both sites on Clifton U.S.G.S. 7½-minute Quadrangle, Greene County, Ohio (Fig. 1).
Geologic highlights of an Archean greenstone belt, western Vermilion district, northeastern Minnesota
Authors: Southwick D. L. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The western Vermilion district is located in northeastern Minnesota, about 18 mi (30 km) north of the towns of Virginia and Aurora on the Mesabi iron range (Fig.1). The major towns in the western Vermilion district are Cook, Tower, Soudan, and Ely. The area to be described here lies within the Tower and Soudan 7¼-minute Quadrangles (Fig. 1).
Plateau basalts of the Keweenawan North Shore Volcanic Group
Authors: Green John C. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Three specific outcrop areas are included: (1) Lakewood, 2.1mi (3.5 km) northeast of the Lester River (in Duluth, Minnesota)on St, Louis County 61 (S¼ Sec. 34, T.5lN., R.13 W.; Lakewood7¼-minute Quadrangle), in Congdon (city) Park; (2) Two Harbors,0.5 mi (0.8 km) south of U.S. 61 on First Street(NW½ Sec. 6, T. 52N., R. 10W.; Two Harbors 7¼-minute Quadrangle), in Burlington Bay(city) Tourist Park, and (3) GooseberryFalls, 13.5 mi (23 km) northeast of Two Harbors on U.S. 61(SW½ Sec. 22, T. 54N., R. 9W., Split Rock Point 7½-minute Quadrangle), in Gooseberry Falls State Park. Note: State Park rules prohibit defacing or collecting rocks. Removal of bedrock specimens showing the special structures in all areas is strongly discouraged for the benefit of future observers.