bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reverse passive haemagglutination test for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasal secretions from infants
Authors: Cranage M.P. , Stott E.J. , Nagington J. , Coombs R.R.A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA reverse passive haemagglutination (RPH) test has been developed for the detection of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus in nasal secretions, taken from infants with acute respiratory illness. In the final form of the procedure, RS virus was detected in 24 of 25 samples positive for RS virus by tissue culture and/or fluorescence antibody staining and in two samples negative for RS virus by these techniques. The simplicity of the technique and the rapidity with which it may be performed together with its apparently high degree of sensitivity should make RPH useful in the rapid diagnosis of RS virus.
Ultrastructural features in chronic non‐A, non‐B (NANB) hepatitis: A controlled blind study
Authors: Bamber M. , Murray A. , Lewin J. , Thomas H. C. , Sherlock Sheila 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLiver biopsies from 12 patients with chronic Non‐A, Non‐B (NANB) hepatitis, 7 with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive chronic liver disease, 1 HBsAg positive normal carrier, and 4 patients with non‐viral liver disease, were examined by electron microscopy for cytoplasmic and nuclear changes. Aggregates of particles measuring 20–35 nm in diameter were noted in the nuclei of 8 of 12 patients with NANB chronic hepatitis, but not in the other groups. The tubular changes seen in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of chimpanzees with NANB hepatitis were not noted in biopsies from any of our patients.
Studies in man with a cold‐recombinant live influenza b virus vaccine
Authors: Reeve P. , Pibermann M. , Bachmayer H. , Liehl E. , Moritz A. , Ganzinger U. , Hofmann H. , Kunz C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA cold recombinant live influenza B virus vaccine was tested in man. In comparison to a placebo, reactogenicity attributable to virus infection was slight or moderate. No revertant viruses were shed, and there was no evidence of transmission to the placebo group who were housed in close contact with the vaccinees. Serological responses to initial inoculation were moderate; 60% of vaccinees showing twofold increases in serum hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers gave a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 1:13Three weeks after the first vaccination, both the vaccine and the placebo group were revaccinated with homologous live virus vaccine. Thc group previously given vaccine was resistant to reinfection as judged from clinical reactions and virus shedding and the GMT increased only slightly to 1:16.3. In contrast, the former placebo group responded; mild symptoms were seen, the majority shed viruses and 50% showed twofold increases in serum HAI titers to a geometric mean titer of 1:17.4.
Early replicative block prevents the efficient growth of fastidious diarrhea‐associated adenoviruses in cell culture
Authors: Takiff Howard E. , Straus Stephen E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFastidious enteral adenoviruses (EAds) recovered from infants with diarrhea were studied to determine the basis for their inability to propagate efficiently in conventional cell lines. By immunofluorescence microscopy, only rare EAd‐infected KB and HeLa cells were shown to synthesize detectable levels of virion proteins. Sedimentation of Hirt‐extracted DNAs in sucrose gradients and DNA hybridization analyses demonstrated that EAd DNA synthesis is highly restricted in HeLa cells. Some early gene functions seem to be expressed, however, because EAds can help adenovirus‐associated viruses (AAV). Thus, EAd replication in conventional cell lines is blocked at an early step in its growth cycle.
Detection of human cytomegalovirus‐specific iga antibodies in colostrum by enzyme‐linked lmmunosorbent assay (elisa)
Authors: Pinku Avraham , Haikin Hava , Friedman Maureen G. , Sarov Israel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFifty women were examined after delivery for the prevalence of antibodies to human cytomegalovirus in colostrum and sera. Eighty percent of them had specific CMV IgG antibodies in the sera, as determined by the immunoperoxidase antibody to membrane antigen (IPAMA) technique. Of the CMV‐seropositive women, 60% had specific CMV IgA antibodies in high titer in the colostrum as determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In only two of the seropositive women were specific CMV IgA antibodies detected in the sera as well. The significance of specific CMV IgA antibodies in colostrum as protection against perinatal infection and the mechanism of this production will be discussed.
Genetic and sex‐linked factors influencing hbs antigen clearance 1. nonimmune clearance in inbred strains of mice
Authors: Craxi Antonio , Montano Luis , Goodall Alison , Thomas Howard C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDifferences in the clearance values of polyvinylpyrrolidonc (KPVP) and HBs antigen (KHBs) were seen in several strains of inbred mice. In addition, in all strains studied KHBs was greater in females than in males, while KPVP was not significantly different in the two sexes. In the strain with the lowest KHBs values, the incidence of HBs antibody formation was lower than in the other strains.These data indicate that genetic and sex‐linked factors influence nonimmune clearance of HBs antigen in mice. If similar factors exist in man they may explain some of the variation in clinical manifestation of HBV infection.
Excretion of hepatitis a virus in the stools of hospitalized hepatitis patients
Authors: Carl Mitchell , Kantor Robert J. , Webster Hannah M. , Fields Howard A. , Maynard James E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA study was carried out to determine whether hepatitis A virus (HAV) can be detected in the stools of patients hospitalized for HAV infection. Acute phase samples of whole blood and stool, as well as completed questionnaires, were obtained from 31 patients hospitalized at any of 13 hospitals in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Blood specimens were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), IgG antibody to HAV (IgG anti‐HAV), and IgM antibody to HAV (IgM anti‐HAV). Stools were tested for HAV by radioimmunoassay. Five patients (16.1%) had acute hepatitis B, five (16.1%) had acute non‐A/non‐B hepatitis, and 21 (67.7%) had acute hepatitis A. Of these 21 patients with acute hepatitis A, 11 (52.4%) were found to have HAV in their stools. These results confirm the potential for infectivity of stools of patients hospitalized for hepatitis A and emphasizes the need for caution when dealing with such stools.
Antibodies to gastroenteritis viruses in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Cukor George , Blacklow Neil R. , Braverman Lewis E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInfectivity of certain enteric viruses including rotavirus is profoundly affected by proteolytic enzymes. To test whether cystic fibrosis patients, possessing chronically decreased levels of pancreatic enzymes, show altered susceptibility to gastroenteritis viruses, we examined sera from patients and controls for antibodies to two major pathogens. In cystic fibrosis patients, normal rotavirus antibody levels were found and Norwalk virus antibody prevalence was unchanged.
Analysis of hepatitis virus dna in the liver and serum of hbe antigen positive chimpanzee carriers
Authors: Monjardino J. , Fowler M.J.F. , Montano L. , Weller I. , Tslquaye K.N. , Zuckerman A.J. , Jones D.M. , Thomas H.C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis B viral DNA present in the liver of HBe antigen positive chimpanzee carriers is in the form of free viral molecules (3.2 Kb) and no integration into host DNA was observed. The 3.2 Kb form was not detected in the serum. Other discrete HBV DNA species with faster mobilities than the major 3.2 Kb were consistently detected both in the liver and in the serum and their possible significance is discussed.
Non‐A, non‐b hepatitis: A case report
Authors: Anderson Michael , Murray‐Lyon Lain M. , Coleman John C. , McCaul Thomas F. , Bird Richard G. , Tovey George , Zuckerman Arie J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUltrastructural changes in a liver biopsy obtained for diagnostic purposes from a patient with suspected non‐A, non‐B hepatitis were consistent with hepatitis and included dilatation and disaggregation of the endoplasmic reticulum, hepatocyte disarray, and variations in mitochondrial size, In addition, some foci of hepatocytes showed atypical cytoplasmic changes including intranuclear cytoplasmic pseudo‐inclusions, consisting basically of invaginations of the cytoplasmic mass into the nucleus, glycogen deposits in the same nuclei, and frequently accumulations of fat droplets, The mitochondria were generally pleomorphic, and occasionally the mitochondria1 cristae were arranged longitudinally. Dilatation, hypertrophy, and distortion of the Golgi complexes were found in affected hepatocytes. Similar ultrastructural changes have previously been reported in human hepatocellular carcinoma as well as in carcinomas of other tissues.
Complement components in kidney allograft recipients: Relationship to cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Chatterjee Satya , Fiala Milan , Arroyave Carlos , Azen Stanley , Cosgrove Daniel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerum complement profiles of 19 renal transplant recipients were studied serially before and after renal transplantation to determine if there is any relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and alteration in the serum complement (C) levels. Most patients had low serum C3 and C4 levels before transplantation, but afterwards these levels increased in some patients. Clq was elevated before and after transplantation. Factor B was low before transplantation, but after surgery, its level approached normal in patients without cytomegalovirus viremia, whereas in those with viremia, Factor B level became even more depressed. Circulating Factor B fragments were found in the sera of five out of seven patients with active cytomegalovirus infection, which suggests activation of the alternative pathway possibly related to active CMV infection.
The virus susceptibility of skin‐derived fibroblasts from families with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hornberger Elizabeth , Plotkin Stanley A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have studied the growth of eight different viruses on skin fibroblasts from three families each having one or more diabetic members and appropriate controls. The haplotypes of all of the family members had been previously characterized. In addition, we havc investigated the growth of mumps virus on the lymphoblast cultures from four families of the same type. Our results show no difference between the growth of these viruses in cells derived from juvenile diabetics and cells derived from nondiabetic siblings and parents even when the haplotypes were identical. Howcver, we noted a striking rcsistance of human skin fibroblast cultures from both normal and diabetic individuals to Coxsackie H virus infection.
Production of hepatitis b e antibody in epstein‐barr virus‐induced b lymphocyte cell lines
Authors: Furuya Yumiko , Inoue Masayasu , Yoshida Yoshiya , Yoshihara Namiko , Fakada Mitsuru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractB lymphocytes separated from anti‐HBe‐positive donors were established as lymphoblastoid cell lines by infection with EBV, but anti‐HBe in the culture supernatant from such lymphoblastoid cell lines could not be detected. The lymphoblastoid cell lines were rosetted with HBe antigen‐coupled SRBC to prepare cells for the production of specific anti‐HBe. Antibody activity in the culture supernatant against rosette forming cells was detected by RIA, ID, and R‐PHI tests during the first 1 to 4 wk, but not after 5 wk. The activity in the supernatant was not destroyed by treatment with 2‐mercaptoethanol, indicating that the antibody might be IgG.
Enhancement of human rotavirus infectivity in a monkey kidney cell line by human expressed breast milk
Authors: Totterdell Barbara M. , Macleod J. , Chrystie I.L. , Banatvala J.E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEight of forty (20%) human expressed breast milks enhanced the infectivity of human rotavirus (HRV) when assayed by immunofluorescence in a monkey kidney cell line (LLC‐MK2). This enhancement was demonstrated with two HRV strains, one derived from a fecal specimen of a child with acute gastroenteritis, the other a tissue culture adapted strain. The phenomenon could have important implications in the pathogenesis of HRV infections and in future vaccine programs.
Cellular response in humans following vaccination with gripax influenza virus
Authors: Shapira‐Nahor Orit , Morag Abraham , Levy Reuven , Zakay‐Rones Zichria 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCellular response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to influenza antigens was measured in a group of young nurse‐student volunteers (17–24 years old), following vaccination with a formol‐inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (Gripax). Cord blood lymphocytes (controls) did not react with any of the antigens. This excluded the possibility of any nonspecific mitogenicity of viral antigens. Viability of the cells was indicated by their responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Prior to immunization antigenic recognition to circulating strains (A/England (H3N2) and B/Hong Kong) was found in about 44% of the vaccinees; recognition of the recent strain A/USSR (H1N1) was found in only 10.5%. Following vaccination, approximately 80% of the subjects exhibited cellular response to all three vaccine strains. This includes the negative subjects, who showed an approximate 70% rate of conversion. There was no correlation between the antibody state and cellular response prior to and following vaccination as gathered from matched data of each participant.
Neutralization and sensitization of cytomegalovirus by IgG antibody, anti‐IgG antibody, and complement
Authors: Rundell Barbara B. , Betts Robert F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) strain Ad 169 was reacted with IgG antibody obtained from infected renal transplant patients, and the degree of neutralization was determined. The mixture of antibody and virus was then incubated with antihuman IgG (A‐IgG) or complement (C) to measure additional neutralization by these agents and thus to estimate the concentration of infectious virus‐antibody complexes which had been formed. Neutralization and formation of infectious complexes susceptible to neutralization by A‐IgG or C decreased with lower concentrations of antibody. The rate of neutralization of preformed complexes by A‐IgG or C was more rapid than the formation of complexes or the neutralization of native virus. If equally infectious suspensions of native virus and virus plus antibody were challenged with additional CMV antibody both solutions were neutralized to the same degree.The data are most compatible with the suggestion that the formation of infectious virus‐antibody complexes is the initial step in the neutralization process. These complexes do not appear to be protected from further neutralization.
Detection of parainfluenza IgM antibody by hemadsorption immunosorbent technique
Authors: Van Logt J. T. M. Der , van Loon A. M. , Veen J. Van Der 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA hemadsorption immunosorbent technique (HIT) was developed for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) to parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3. Twenty‐six (90%) of twenty‐nine patients under 6 yr of age from whom parainfluenza virus was isolated showed parainfluenza IgM antibody in one or both of their paired sera, with titres ranging from 320 to 81,920. In about one third of the cases IgM antibody was demonstrated in the initial sera taken 1 to 3 days after the onset of illness. Heterotypic IgM antibody responses were observed in about 20% of the patients. The HIT test was more sensitive than the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and complement fixation tests in detecting a seroresponse in the 29 viruspositive children. The results of studies in older patients with HI titre rises to parainfluenza virus suggested that reinfection probably induced IgM antibody in a proportion of cases. The HIT test proved to be specific for the IgM class of antibody and avoided false‐positive results due to rheumatoid factor. It permits an early presumptive diagnosis in a proportion of patients with parainfluenza infection.
Detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by ELISA: Comparison with fluorescent antibody technique
Authors: Hornsleth Allan , Friis Birgitte , Andersen Per , Brenøe Elisabeth 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSamples of nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) obtained from 140 infants and children with acute respiratory disease were examined for the presence of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus by ELISA. An antiserum produced in rabbits against RS‐virus polypeptides was used both as the “capture” antibody and as conjugate in a double‐antibody sandwich technique. RS virus was detected by ELISA in specimens of NPS obtained from 72 (51%) of the patients. By comparison RS virus was shown to be present in 86 (61%) of the patients when the immunofluorescent antibody (IF) technique was employed. Samples obtained from 78 of the 140 patients were also examined by inoculation into tissue cultures, and RS‐virus was isolated from 47 patients. RS virus was detected by ELISA in 37 (79%) and by IF technique in 43 (91%) of these 47 patients. The IF technique was found to be more sensitive than ELISA, especially in patients older than 9 months and for the examination of specimens of NPS containing only a small percentage of RS‐virus antigen‐positive cells.
Sudden infant death syndrome associated with rotavirus infection
Authors: Yolkend Robert , Murphy Mary 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRotavirus was detected in the stools of five children stricken with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) over a three‐week period. While none of the children had acute gastroenteritis, four of the five had acute upper respiratory infections. Rotavirus was also identified in tracheal aspirates from two of the infants. Extensive investigations failed to reveal the presence of any other viruses or toxins in specimens obtained from the five children with SIDS. Rotavirus was not found in the stool specimens obtained from a control group of 36 infants including six who died of causes other than SIDS. Future attempts at the prevention of rotavirus infections should be directed at populations susceptible to sudden infant death syndrome.
Inactivation of hepatitis B virus by three methods: Treatment with pepsin, urea, or formalin
Authors: Tabor Edward , Buynak Eugene , Smallwood Linda A. , Snoy Philip , Hilleman Maurice , Gerety Robert J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDilutions of human sera containing between 103 and 105 chimpanzee infectious doses of hepatitis B virus per ml, subtype adr or ayw, were treated with either 1 m̈g/ml pepsin at pH 2.0 for 18 hours, 8 M urea for four hours, or 1:4,000 formalin for 72 hours. One ml of the serum containing hepatitis B virus subjected to each of the procedures was inoculated intravenously into one or two susceptible chimpanzees (total of eight chimpanzees). No evidence of hepatitis B infection was detected in weekly serum samples from the chimpanzees during six months of observation. These three procedures are currently applied during manufacture to inactivate HBV which might be present in the hepatitis B vaccine licensed in the United States. The data from this study combined with data documenting that the physical purification of the vaccine is capable of removing hepatitis B virus provide assurance that there is no residual live hepatitis B virus in the vaccine.
Prevalence of subgroup 1, 2, and 3 rotaviruses in belgian children suffering from acute diarrhea (1978–1981)
Authors: Lambert Jean‐Pierre , Marissens Denise , Marbehant Pol , Zissis Georges 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe relative prevalence of human rotavirus subgroups was studied during a 3‐year period (1978–1981) by means of a sensitive complement fixation technique. Among 93 rotavirus isolates from children with acute gastroenteritis in Brussels, the prevalence of subgroups 1, 2, and 3 was, respectively 24, 17, and 32%. The remaining 27% of strains could not be typed, but no evidence for the existence of any new subgroup was found. The proportion of strains belonging to the different subgroups remained roughly constant during the study period, showing the simultaneous occurrence of the various subgroups of viruses, even during the annual winter peak of rotavirus gastroenteritis.
Unrelatedness of factor VIII‐derived non‐A/non‐B hepatitis and hepatitis B virus
Authors: Fields H. A. , Davis C. L. , Margolis H. S. , McCaustland K. A. , Wheeler C. M. , Maynard J. E. , Bradley D. W. , Bernlnger M. , Hammer M. , Nath N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA DNA hybridization assay was used to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐specific DNA sequences in extracted sera obtained from chimpanzees infected with HBV, hepatitis A virus (HAV), and a factor VIII‐derived non‐A/non‐B (NANB) agent. The results did not reveal any HBV‐DNA homology with sera obtained from animals infected with HAV or factor VIII‐derived NANB. Sera obtained from two HBV‐infected chimpanzees demonstrated that HBV‐specific DNA could be detected during the acute phase of the disease. In addition, an HBV‐specific DNA‐dependent DNA polymerase assay did not demonstrate any statistically significant activity in 12 of 12 NANB acute‐phase specimens or in 6 of 6 NANB chronic‐phase specimens. These results suggest that the factor VIII‐derived NANB agent is unrelated to HBV.
Interference following dual inoculation with influenza A (H3N2) and (H1N1) viruses in ferrets and volunteers
Authors: Potter C. W. , Jennings R. , Clark A. , Ali M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of simultaneous inoculation with two attenuated influenza A viruses was studied in ferrets and volunteers. Groups of ferrets were inoculated with an influenza A (H3N2) or (H1N1), virus or a combination of both viruses: The temperature response, serum and local antibody response, and the change in nasal wash protein concentration was determined. The results showed that both viruses were attenuated for ferrets, and that inoculation with both viruses together did not cause clinical reactions. Serological studies on paired serum samples obtained from ferrets showed that both viruses when given separately infected all the inoculated animals; however, dual infection resulted in all ferrets being infected with the influenza A (H3N2) virus strain, but this infection interfered with infection by the influenza A (H1N1) strain. Similar investigations were carried out in volunteers. Again, the clinical reactions and temperature response of volunteers to infection by one or other of the viruses showed both strains to be attenuated for man even when given together. In addition, no adverse clinical reactions were seen in volunteers inoculated with both viruses simultaneously. Serum antibody studies showed that infection by influenza A (H1N1) virus interfered with infection by the influenza A (H2N2) virus strain. These results show evidence of interference by influenza A viruses; however, the direction of interference was one‐way, and differed for ferrets and for volunteers.