bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting revision risk for aseptic loosening of femoral components in total hip arthroplasty in individual patients—A finite element study
Authors: Lennon Alexander B. , Britton John R. , MacNiocaill Ruairi F. , Byrne Damien P. , Kenny Patrick J. , Prendergast Patrick J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAdvances in surgical procedure, prosthesis design, and biomaterials performance have considerably increased the longevity of total joint replacements. Preoperative planning is another step in joint replacement that may have the potential to improve clinical outcome for the individual patient, but has remained relatively consistent for a long time. One means of advancing this aspect of joint replacement surgery may be to include predictive computer simulation into the planning process. In this article, the potential of patient‐specific finite element analysis in preoperative assessment is investigated. Seventeen patient‐specific finite element models of cemented Charnley reconstructions were created, of which six were early (<10 years) revisions. Creep was simulated using a Maxwell model, and fatigue damage was simulated using an anisotropic continuum damage formulation. Account was taken of the relationship between annual loading cycles and age, and stair‐climbing loads were included using a walking to stair‐climbing cycle ratio of 9:1. Simulations for the equivalent of 10 years of loading were performed. Accumulated damage, inducible displacement, and migration were computed. Five of the six early revisions had the highest migration indicating that migration could have been used to identify early failures of these prostheses. Resultant migration showed the most significant difference between the early revised and unrevised groups (p = 0.0024). Furthermore, this trend was apparent from 1 year postimplantation (p = 0.0052). This ability to differentiate early revisions shows that computational simulation of aseptic loosening in cemented prostheses could prove clinically useful in helping surgeons optimize the preoperative plan for individual patients. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25: 779–788, 2007
Targeting of cell survival genes using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) enhances radiosensitivity of Grade II chondrosarcoma cells
Authors: Kim Dae Won , Seo Sung Wook , Cho Samuel K. , Chang Seong Sil , Lee Ho Won , Lee Se Eun , Block Joel A. , Hei Tom K. , Lee Francis Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe main treatment for chondrosarcoma is surgical resection with a wide margin. However, there are certain chondrosarcomas, such as those found in the pelvis and the spine, which cannot be resected adequately with surgery alone. Unfortunately, most chondrosarcomas are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. Radiation and chemotherapy are thought to kill chondrosarcoma cells by inducing apoptosis, or programmed cell death. In this article, we hypothesize that antiapoptotic gene silencing enhances radiosensitivity in chondrosarcoma cells by facilitating apoptotic pathways. We knocked down antiapoptotic genes in chondrosarcoma cells using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Two well‐established Grade II human chondrosarcoma cell lines were pretreated with siRNAs that specifically target mRNAs for Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, or XIAP. The cells were then treated with radiation. Cell death was assessed by flow cytometry. Cell survival and proliferation were measured by clonogenic survival assays. Chondrosarcoma cells exhibited radioresistance and increased the expression of Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, and XIAP in response to radiation. When one of the Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, or XIAP genes was silenced with the corresponding siRNA, radiosensitivity increased up to 9.2‐fold (p < 0.05). When two out of the three antiapoptotic mRNAs were knocked down simultaneously, there was an 11.3‐fold increase in cell death after radiation (p < 0.05). Our findings support a novel therapeutic concept that gene silencing may be used as a molecular adjuvant therapy for radioresistant sarcomas. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25: 820–828, 2007
Correlation between the knee adduction torque and medial contact force for a variety of gait patterns
Authors: Zhao Dong , Banks Scott A. , Mitchell Kim H. , D'Lima Darryl D. , Colwell Clifford W. , Fregly Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe external knee adduction torque has been proposed as a surrogate measure for medial compartment load during gait. However, a direct link between these two quantities has not been demonstrated using in vivo measurement of medial compartment load. This study uses in vivo data collected from a single subject with an instrumented knee implant to evaluate this link. The subject performed five different overground gait motions (normal, fast, slow, wide, and toe‐out) with simultaneous collection of instrumented implant, video motion, and ground reaction data. For each trial, the knee adduction torque was measured externally while the total axial force applied to the tibial insert was measured internally. Based on data collected from the same subject performing treadmill gait under fluoroscopic motion analysis, a regression equation was developed to calculate medial contact force from the implant load cell measurements. Correlation analyses were performed for the stance phase and entire gait cycle to quantify the relationship between the knee adduction torque and both the medial contact force and the medial to total contact force ratio. When the entire gait cycle was analyzed, R2 for medial contact force was 0.77 when all gait trials were analyzed together and between 0.69 and 0.93 when each gait trial was analyzed separately (p < 0.001 in all cases). For medial to total force ratio, R2 was 0.69 for all trials together and between 0.54 and 0.90 for each trial separately (p < 0.001 in all cases). When only the stance phase was analyzed, R2 values were slightly lower. These results support the hypothesis that the knee adduction torque is highly correlated with medial compartment contact force and medial to total force ratio during gait. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25: 789–797, 2007
Anteroposterior pelvic radiographs to assess acetabular retroversion: High validity of the “cross‐over‐sign”
Authors: Jamali Amir A. , Mladenov Kiril , Meyer Dominik C. , Martinez Alberto , Beck Martin , Ganz Reinhold , Leunig Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAcetabular retroversion has been proposed to contribute to the development of osteoarthritis of the hip. For the diagnosis of this condition, conventional AP pelvic radiographs may represent a reliable, easily available diagnostic modality as they can be obtained with a reproducible technique allowing the anterior and posterior acetabular rims to be visible for assessment. This study was designed to: (i) determine cranial, central, and caudal anatomic acetabular version (AV) from cadaveric specimens; (ii) establish the validity and reliability of the radiographic measurements of central acetabular anteversion; and (iii) determine the validity and reliability of the radiographic “cross‐over‐sign” to detect acetabular retroversion. Using 43 desiccated pelvises (86 acetabuli) the anatomic AVs were measured at three different transverse planes (cranially, centrally, and caudally). From these pelvises, standardized AP pelvic radiographs were obtained. To directly measure central AV, a modified radiographic method is introduced for the use of AP pelvic radiographs. The validity and reliability of this radiographic method and of the radiographic cross‐over‐sign to detect cranial acetabular retroversion were determined. The mean central and caudal anatomic AVs were approximately 20°, and the mean cranial AV was 8°. Cranial retroversion (AV < 0°) was present in 19 of 86 hips (22%). A linear correlation was found between the central and cranial AV. Below 10° of central AV, all acetabuli were cranially retroverted. Between 10° and 20°, 30% of the acetabuli were cranially retroverted, and above 20°, only 1 of 45 acetabuli was cranially retroverted. The radiographic measurement of the central AV (20.3 ± 6.5°) correlated strongly with the anatomic AV (20.1 ± 6.4°). The sensitivity of the cross‐over‐sign to detect a cranial acetabular anteversion of less than 4° was 96%, its specificity 95%, and the positive predictive and negative predictive values 90% and 98%, respectively. Both the modified radiographic anteversion measurements and the cross‐over‐sign demonstrated substantial inter‐ and intraobserver reliability. Retroversion is almost exclusively a problem of the cranial acetabulum. The cranial AV is on average 12° lower than the central AV, with the latter directly measurable from AP pelvic radiographs. A central AV of less than 10° was associated with cranial retroversion. The presence of a positive cross‐over‐sign is a highly reliable indicator of cranial AV of <4°. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25: 758–765, 2007
An MIS 5a to MIS 4 (or early MIS 3) environmental and climatic reconstruction from the northwest South Island, New Zealand, using beetle fossils
Authors: Burge P. I. , Shulmeister J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA fossil beetle study is presented from the northwest coast, South Island, New Zealand. The samples were recovered from overbank deposits on a marine terrace situated 4 km east of Westport, New Zealand (41° 45' S, 171° 36' E). The age of the site is constrained to between 74 and 40 ka but discrepancies between luminescence and radiocarbon age results prevent more precise age control.The older of two samples indicates a closed canopy Nothofagus (southern beech) forest with deep litter and dead wood on the forest floor. The younger sample yields a similar Nothofagus forest environment with subalpine affinities and nearby tussock grassland. For the older sample, mean summer and winter minimum temperatures were similar to modern values. Mean summer temperature was ca. 3.0°C cooler than modern during the younger phase while mean minimum winter temperature was ca. 5.0°C cooler than present indicating both cooling and increased seasonality. Both samples suggest a 30–40% decrease in mean annual precipitation from modern values.Persistence of closed canopy Nothofagus forest during the period of 74–40 ka contrasts with regional pollen studies which imply widespread shrub‐land at these times. This implies that this site may have served as a glacial refugium for Nothofagus forest. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retention indices in the analysis of food aroma volatile compounds in temperature‐programmed gas chromatography: Database creation and evaluation of precision and robustness
Authors: Bianchi Federica , Careri Maria , Mangia Alessandro , Musci Marilena 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA retention index (RI) database containing 250 volatile compounds was created on a polar stationary phase column and validated for food aroma characterisation. Precision of the retention indices (RIs) was assessed by performing replicated injections of a representative number of volatiles under the same experimental conditions: differences lower than 1 U were observed for all the compounds. Robustness was evaluated by carrying out injections of the same set of volatile compounds under different experimental conditions, i. e. program temperature, column batches and instrumentation. Excellent results were obtained with a maximum difference in the RI values of 10 U. The capabilities of the created database for food aroma characterisation were finally evaluated by analysing the volatile fractions of different food matrices such as dry sausages, cheese and bread. A great number of volatile compounds were identified in the analysed samples on the basis of their RI, thus proving the usefulness of the RI collections in the field of food analysis.
Solid phase microextraction–comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of honey volatiles
Authors: Čajka Tomáš , Hajšlová Jana , Cochran Jack , Holadová Kateřina , Klimánková Eva 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHead‐space solid phase microextration (SPME), followed by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS), has been implemented for the analysis of honey volatiles, with emphasis on the optimal selection of SPME fibre and the first‐ and second‐dimension GC capillaries. From seven SPME fibres investigated, a divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) 50/30 μm fibre provided the best sorption capacity and the broadest range of volatiles extracted from the headspace of a mixed honey sample. A combination of DB‐5ms×SUPELCOWAX 10 columns enabled the best resolution of sample components compared to the other two tested column configurations. Employing this powerful analytical strategy led to the identification of 164 volatile compounds present in a honey mixture during a 19‐min GC run. Combination of this simple and inexpensive SPME‐based sampling/concentration technique with the advanced separation/identification approach represented by GC×GC–TOFMS allows a rapid and comprehensive examination of the honey volatiles profile. In this way, the laboratory sample throughput can be increased significantly and, at the same time, the risk of erroneous identification, which cannot be avoided in one‐dimensional GC separation, is minimised.
Five backpacker tourist enclaves
Authors: Howard Robert W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLittle is known about backpacker enclaves and the concept itself needs clarification. The present study analysed the concept and surveyed the characteristics and local impacts of five varied enclaves in four nations. Most have a concentration of tourist businesses and are centrally located near transport and major tourist attractions. Tourist behaviour in the different enclaves is fairly similar. Tourists use them for convenience and inexpensive accommodation, to collect travel information and to relax and socialise. Some enclaves are nightlife centres for locals and are tourist attractions, with some foreign tourists visiting mainly to party and locals visiting to see the strange foreigners. Host‐nation culture also affects some enclave characteristics and local impacts. The present analysis and data provide a sound and useful concept of a backpacker enclave and its characteristics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What does the consumer want from a DMO website? A study of US and Canadian tourists' perspectives
Authors: Choi Soojin , Lehto Xinran Y. , Oleary Joseph T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDestination marketing organisations (DMOs) are facing intriguing challenges to provide quality information online in an era of information overload. Insufficient knowledge of tourist's online information preferences and search behaviour has hindered them from effective information management. This research aimed to examine consumers' perspectives of the information role of the DMOs and their preferences and attitudes towards what constitute engaging and relevant Web contents and functionalities for a DMO website. The results suggested that tourists' preference of information content varied across the different levels of DMO websites (country, state/province and city). In addition, the study revealed that travellers' information needs and behaviour change over the entire information consumption process, which include the before, during and post‐trip period. Implications for DMOs were discussed at the end. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tourist shopping experiences and satisfaction
Authors: Tosun Cevat , Temizkan S. Pinar , Timothy Dallen J. , Fyall Alan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper examines tourists' perceived satisfaction with local shopping culture, staff service quality, product value and reliability, physical features of shops, payment methods, and other shopping and shop attributes with special reference to the region of Cappadocia, Turkey. A survey questionnaire was designed and conducted with tourists visiting the region on a guided tour. It was found that the respondents recorded different levels of satisfaction with various attributes of shops and shopping. Based on the research results, it is suggested that providing a higher level of shopping experience for tourists and increasing the contribution of shopping to the regional economy requires supporting indigenous local people via various fiscal and educational instruments to continue producing and retailing authentic handicrafts and souvenir goods. It is believed that this not only is necessary for the achievement of higher levels of tourist satisfaction and greater economic benefits for the local economy but also for achieving the ultimate goal of sustained and sustainable tourism development. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Swimming with captive dolphins: current debates and post‐experience dissonance
Authors: Curtin Susanna , Wilkes Keith 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDolphins have widespread contemporary appeal and anthropomorphic social representations of dolphins have fuelled a growing desire in tourist populations to seek interaction with them. This paper is concerned with the staged performance of swim‐with‐dolphin interaction programmes in aquaria. Qualitative interviews with tourists who have swum with captive dolphins identified their immediate recollections and stressed the grace, size and power of dolphins, but also a belief that the experience was too staged, too short and too expensive. Post‐purchase dissonance focused on concerns with the size of enclosures and about captivity, too many tricks, limited interpretation and unfulfilled expectations of a quality interaction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure Design of Novel Hyperbranched Polycarbosilazanes: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Bin , Fan Xiao‐Dong , Kong Jie , Liu Yu‐Yang , Wang Min‐Chang , Qi Zhu‐Chai 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree novel hyperbranched polycarbosilazanes were synthesized via hydrosilylation reaction and characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 29Si NMR, and laser light scattering. First, one AB4 type monomer bis(N,N‐diallylamino)‐methylsilane (M1) and two AB2 type monomers (N,N‐diallylamino)‐dimethylsilane (M2) and N,N‐bis (dimethylsilyl)‐allylamine (M3) were prepared by aminolysis of MeHSiCl2 and Me2HSiCl with diallylamine and allylamine. Then monomers were polymerized into hyperbranched polycarbosilazanes via hydrosilylation reaction using H2PtCl6 as the catalyst. The measurements indicate that α‐hydrosilylation mainly occurs during the polymerization and the polymers synthesized consist of SiNC linkages with hyperbranched architectures carrying a large amount of functional vinyl or SiH end groups. The molecular weights ($\overline M _{\rm w} $) of the three polymers were found to be 13 500, 4 600, and 3 900 g · mol−1, respectively.magnified image
Dispersion‐Polymerized Carbon Nanotube/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Particles and their Electrorheological Characteristics
Authors: Kim Sung Tae , Lim Jae Yun , Park Bong Jun , Choi Hyoung Jin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn in situ dispersion polymerization method was adopted to synthesize particulate composites of MWNTs and PMMA, mainly for the investigation of their electrorheological characteristics. The morphology of the PMMA microparticles synthesized in the presence of the MWNTs was examined by both SEM and TEM, showing that the MWNTs were not only grafted onto the surface of the PMMA microbeads, but were also embedded inside the synthesized microbeads. The synthesized MWNT/PMMA particulate composites were also characterized by zeta‐potential measurements and TGA for electric and thermal stability studies, respectively. A suspension of the MWNT/PMMA microparticles dispersed in silicone oil was found to show enhanced electrorheological properties on the increase of shear stresses when subjected to an external electric field, exhibiting high yield stresses despite the tiny amount of the MWNT associated.magnified image
Viscous behaviour of dry sand
Authors: Pham Van Bang D. , Di Benedetto H. , Duttine A. , Ezaoui A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTests on air‐dried Hostun sand were performed on a newly developed triaxial apparatus, which allows static and dynamic measurements at ‘Département Génie Civil et Bâtiment’ (DGCB) of ENTPE. The prototype was designed to perform tests in order to investigate the viscous effects of sand from small strain (some 10−5m/m)
up to intermediate strain (some 10−3m/m). The accuracy of the measuring system is ensured by the use of local non‐contact displacements transducers and by the use of an internal load cell. The viscous behaviour of sand is experimentally studied for loose and dense specimens for confining pressure values from 80 up to 400 kPa and considering different histories of loading. Three types of viscous loading: creep periods; stress relaxation periods; and paths with stepwise changes in the strain rate are specifically analysed. The proposed viscous modelling is issued from a three‐component general framework and is able to reproduce the experimental observations. More specifically, the peculiar behaviour of sand observed during a stepwise increase or decrease in the strain rate is detailed and modelled by the viscous evanescent (VE) model, developed at DGCB/ENTPE. Based on the three types of viscous tests, a simple relation is finally proposed for the viscous parameters of the VE model. Comparisons between data and simulations validate the approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity: comparison between 3.0‐T and 1.5‐T diffusion tensor imaging with parallel imaging using histogram and region of interest analysis
Authors: Fushimi Yasutaka , Miki Yukio , Okada Tsutomu , Yamamoto Akira , Mori Nobuyuki , Hanakawa Takashi , Urayama Shin‐ichi , Aso Toshihiko , Fukuyama Hidenao , Kikuta Ken‐ichiro , Togashi Kaori 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe performed a comparison study focusing on differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) between 3‐T and 1.5‐T diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with parallel imaging. Thirty healthy volunteers underwent DTI with an eight‐channel phased‐array coil at both 3 T and 1.5 T. Histogram and region of interest (ROI) analyses were performed. Paired t tests were applied for statistical analysis. Signal‐to‐noise ratios of these regions were also measured. For histogram analysis, peak location of FA was significantly lower at 3 T than at 1.5 T (P = 0.04). Mean FA was significantly higher at 3 T than at 1.5 T (P = 0.002). Peak location of MD was significantly lower at 3 T than at 1.5 T (P < 0.001). Mean MD was significantly lower at 3 T than at 1.5 T (P < 0.001). In ROI analysis, FA was significantly larger at 3 T than at 1.5 T in the centrum semiovale (P < 0.001), middle cerebellar peduncle (P < 0.001), cerebral peduncle (P = 0.006), posterior limb of the internal capsule (P = 0.007), genu (P < 0.001) and splenium (P < 0.001). FA was significantly lower at 3 T than at 1.5 T in the globus pallidus (P < 0.001). MD was significantly smaller at 3 T than at 1.5 T in the globus pallidus (P = 0.007), thalamus (P < 0.001), centrum semiovale (P < 0.001), middle cerebellar peduncle (P < 0.001), cerebral peduncle (P = 0.01), posterior limb of the internal capsule (P < 0.001), genu (P = 0.01) and splenium (P < 0.001). Significant differences in FA and MD exist between 3 T and 1.5 T for whole‐brain histogram analysis and ROI analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.