bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarity‐Reversal‐Catalyzed Hydrostannylation Reactions: Benzeneselenol‐Mediated Homolytic Hydrostannylation of Electron‐Rich Olefins
Authors: Ford Leigh , Wille Uta , Schiesser Carl H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAddition of 10 mol‐% of diphenyl diselenide to hydrostannylation reactions involving electron‐rich olefins results in a dramatic improvement in yield. For example, reaction of α‐{[(tert‐butyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy}styrene (1) with triphenylstannane (2a; 1.1 equiv.) in the presence of PhSeSePh and 2,2′‐azobis[2‐methylpropanenitrile] (AIBN) affords {2‐{[(tert‐butyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy}‐2‐phenylethyl}triphenylstannane (3a) in 95% yield after 2 h. This reaction presumably benefits, by the increased rate of H‐atom transfer, from the in situ generated polarity‐reversal catalyst, benzeneselenol.
Re‐formation Reaction of Cyclic Nitroxide‐Based Alkoxyamines: Steric and Polar/Stabilization Effects
Authors: Fischer Hanns , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Nesvadba Peter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization, the polymerization times decrease with the increasing re‐formation rate constant of the CON bond (→ alkoxyamine) between the growing polymer chain and the nitroxide radical. The factors influencing the re‐formation rate constant are of considerable interest, but up to now, the polar/stabilization effects have not been addressed thoroughly. The combination of new data with previously reported data now showed that the re‐formation rate constant kc increases with the increasing polar character of the substituents attached to the nitroxide moiety. The polar/stabilization effects are weaker for the re‐formation than for the homolysis of the CON bond, and may be mainly attributed to the relocation of the odd electron onto the O‐atom of the NO moiety, i.e., the stabilization of the nitroxide moiety. Hence, it is possible to predict the values of kc by combining both the polar/stabilization (σI) and steric effects (E$E\rm{_{{s}}^1 }$), i.e., log(kc/M−1 s−1) = 9.86 + 0.57 ⋅ σI + 0.40 ⋅ Es.
Radical‐Mediated Three‐Component Coupling of Alkenes
Authors: Schaffner Arnaud Pierre , Sarkunam Kandhasamy , Renaud Philippe 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA tandem radical process involving conjugate addition to an activated alkene followed by allylation is reported. B‐Alkylcatecholboranes, easily available via hydroboration of the corresponding alkenes, were used to generate the initial radicals. These radicals add efficiently to electrophilic alkenes such as phenyl vinyl sulfone, N‐phenylmaleimide, and dialkyl fumarate. In the last step of this one‐pot process, the radical adducts react with the allylic sulfones. The whole process can be considered as a unique and selective coupling of three different alkenes.
Initial Radical Separation after Photolysis of 2,2′‐Azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) in Solution: Modeling the Primary Cage Effect for Polar Radicals
Authors: Savitsky Anton N. , Paul Henning , Shushin Anatoly I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere is a contradiction as to the initial spatial separation ri of the two transient 2‐cyanoprop‐2‐yl radicals (Me2$\rm{{{\dot C}}}$CN) formed by flash photolysis of 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) in solvents of various viscosities. The cage effect, expressed in terms of the in‐cage termination probability of the resulting radicals, is predicted correctly by classical Langevin models assuming a decrease of ri with increasing viscosity. However, the electron‐spin polarization of the radicals escaping the primary cage clearly indicates that the initial separation distance ri is independent of the solution viscosity. This obvious discrepancy can be reconciled by accounting for the strong electric dipole moments of these radicals and the resulting inter‐radical dipoledipole interaction potential.We propose a primary‐caging model for polar radicals in solution based on an attractive inter‐radical mean‐force potential. The model is applied to the flash photolysis of AIBN and shown to describe properly the viscosity dependence of both the in‐cage termination probability (cage effect) and the electron‐spin polarization of the escaping 2‐cyanoprop‐2‐yl radicals.
Impact of utilizing p16INK4A immunohistochemistry on estimated performance of three cervical cancer screening tests
Authors: Zhang Qi , Kuhn Louise , Denny Lynette A. , De Souza Michelle , Taylor Sylvia , Wright Thomas C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe histopathological diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2,3 (CIN 2,3) is subjective and prone to variability. In our study, we analyzed the impact of utilizing a biomarker (p16INK4A) together with histopathology to refine the “gold standard” utilized for evaluating the performance of 3 different cervical cancer screening tests: cervical cytology, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). Cervical biopsies from 2 South African cervical cancer screening studies originally diagnosed by a single pathologist were reevaluated by a second pathologist and a consensus pathology diagnosis obtained. Immunohistochemical staining for p16INK4A was then performed. The estimated sensitivity of some cervical cancer screening tests was markedly impacted by the criteria utilized to define CIN 2,3. Use of routine histopathology markedly underestimated the sensitivity of both conventional cytology and HPV DNA testing compared to an improved gold standard of consensus pathology and p16INK4A positivity. In contrast, routine histopathology overestimated the sensitivity of VIA. Our results demonstrate that refining the diagnosis of CIN 2,3 through the use of consensus pathology and immunohistochemical staining for p16INK4A has an important impact on measurement of the performance of cervical cancer screening tests. The sensitivity of screening tests such as HPV DNA testing and conventional cytology may be underestimated when an imperfect gold standard (routine histopathology) is used. In contrast, the sensitivity of other tests, such as VIA, may be overestimated with an imperfect gold standard. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcoholic beverage consumption and gastric cancer risk: A prospective population‐based study in women
Authors: Larsson Susanna C. , Giovannucci Edward , Wolk Alicja 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe association between alcohol consumption and risk of gastric cancer remains controversial. Moreover, prospective data on the role of alcoholic beverage type are sparse. We prospectively investigated the association between total alcohol (ethanol) intake as well as specific alcoholic beverages and risk of gastric cancer in the Swedish Mammography Cohort, a population‐based cohort of 61,433 women. Alcohol intake and other dietary exposures were assessed at baseline (1987–1990) and again in 1997 using a food‐frequency questionnaire. Incident gastric cancer cases were ascertained through the Swedish Cancer Register. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 966,807 person‐years of follow‐up, through June 2005, 160 incident cases of gastric cancer occurred. Total alcohol intake was not significantly associated with risk of gastric cancer. Compared with nondrinkers, the multivariate HR of gastric cancer for women with an alcohol intake of 40 g or more per week was 1.33 (95% CI, 0.79–2.25). Consumption of medium‐strong/strong beer was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of gastric cancer; the multivariate HR for women who consumed more than one serving of medium‐strong/strong beer per week (median, 2.5 drinks/week) was 2.09 (95% CI, 1.11–3.93; p‐trend = 0.02) compared with no consumption. Consumption of light beer, wine, and hard liquor was not significantly associated with gastric cancer risk. Our findings suggest that constituents of beer other than alcohol may be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer incidence in eastern Libya: The first report from the Benghazi Cancer Registry, 2003
Authors: El Mistiri Mufid , Verdecchia Arduino , Rashid Ivan , El Sahli Nadia , El Mangush Mohamed , Federico Massimo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCancer registration in Northern Africa is still limited and, until now, there have been no population‐based data available for Libya. In this paper, we present the first data collected and analyzed by the Benghazi Cancer Registry. Registration was carried out by active data collection; the registry staff routinely visited all hospitals and pathological laboratories in eastern Libya (1.6 million inhabitants) and collected information from all death registration offices. A huge archive of prevalent cases was established before the 2003 data were collected. A total of 997 cases of primary cancers were registered among residents in 2003. The world age‐standardized incidence rate for all sites combined (except nonmelanoma skin) was 118 per 100,000 for men and 95 per 100,000 for women. The most frequently diagnosed malignancies in males were lung cancer (19%) and colorectal cancer (10%), followed by cancers of the head and neck (9%) and bladder (9%). Among females, they were breast cancer (26%), cancer of the colon and rectum (9%), uterus (7%) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (5%). Our study provides data on cancer incidence in eastern Libya, and confirms that cancer incidence is much lower than in western countries. Moreover, observed patterns indicate that the incidence of many cancers, including those of the lung, breast, colon, rectum and bladder is quite different from previous estimates based on the data available from the neighboring countries. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aclarubicin‐loaded cationic albumin‐conjugated pegylated nanoparticle for glioma chemotherapy in rats
Authors: Lu Wei , Wan Jin , Zhang Qing , She Zhenjue , Jiang Xinguo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTraditional glioma chemotherapy with those second‐line drugs such as anthracyclines usually failed because they are inaccessible to blood–brain barrier (BBB) in tumor. In our study, we incorporated aclarubicin (ACL) into cationic albumin‐conjugated pegylated nanoparticle (CBSA‐NP–ACL) to determine its therapeutic potential of rats with intracranially implanted C6 glioma cells. When labeled with fluorescent probe, 6‐coumarin, CBSA‐NP was shown to accumulate much more in tumor mass than nanoparticle without conjugated CBSA (NP) 1 hr post intravenous injection, as well as better retention after 24 hr. Tumor drug concentration of CBSA‐NP–ACL displayed 2.6‐ and 3.3‐fold higher than that of NP–ACL and ACL solution 1 hr post injection, while 2.7 and 6.6‐fold higher after 24 hr, respectively. Moreover, using tumor microdialysis sampling, AUC0–24 hrof free drug amount in tumor interstitium delivered by CBSA‐NP–ACL was about 2.0‐ and 2.7‐fold higher than that of NP–ACL and ACL solutions, respectively. When the tumor rat model was subjected to 4 cycles of 2 mg/kg of ACL in different formulations, a significant increase of median survival time was found in the group of CBSA‐NP–ACL compared with that of saline control animals, animals treated with NP–ACL and ACL solution. By terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end‐labeling, CBSA‐NP–ACL can extensively make the tumor cell apoptosis. Histochemical evaluation by periodic acid Shiff staining and biochemical analysis depicted that the incorporation of ACL into CBSA‐NP reduced its toxicity to liver, kidney and heart. Besides, CBSA‐NP–ACL was not shown to open tight junction evaluated by BBB coculture. It was concluded that CBSA‐NP–ACL could have a therapeutic potential for treatment of glioma. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer/testis antigen expression and specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in non small cell lung cancer
Authors: Groeper Célia , Gambazzi Franco , Zajac Paul , Bubendorf Lukas , Adamina Michel , Rosenthal Rachel , Zerkowski Hans‐Reinhard , Heberer Michael , Spagnoli Giulio C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNon small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) express cancer/testis antigens (CTA) genes and MAGE‐A expression correlates with poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinomas. We addressed cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses to HLA class I restricted CTA epitopes in TIL from NSCLC in an unselected group of 33 patients consecutively undergoing surgery. Expression of MAGE‐A1, ‐A2, ‐A3, ‐A4, ‐A10, ‐A12 and NY‐ESO‐1 CTA genes was tested by quantitative RT‐PCR. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) recognizing MAGE‐A and NY‐ESO‐1 CTA were used to detect CTA by immunohistochemistry. CD8+ TIL obtained from tumors upon culture with anti CD3 and anti CD28 mAb and IL‐2 were stimulated with autologous mature DC (mDC) and HLA‐A*0101 restricted MAGE‐A1161–169 or MAGE‐A3168–176 peptides or HLA‐A*0201 restricted MAGE‐A4230–239, MAGE‐A10254–262, NY‐ESO‐1157–165 or multi‐MAGE‐A (YLEYRQVPV) peptides or a recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) encoding MAGE‐A and NY‐ESO‐1 HLA‐A*0201 restricted epitopes and CD80 co‐stimulatory molecule. Specificity was assessed by 51Cr release and multimer staining. At least one CTA gene was expressed in tumors from 15/33 patients. In 10 specimens, at least 4 CTA genes were concomitantly expressed. These data were largely confirmed by immunohistochemistry. TIL were expanded from 26/33 specimens and CTA‐specific CTL activity was detectable in 7/26 TIL. In 6, however, specific cytotoxicity was weak, (<40% lysis at a 50:1 E:T ratio) and multimer staining was undetectable. In one case, high (>60% lysis at 50:1 E:T ratio) MAGE‐A10254–262 specific, HLA‐A*0201 restricted response was observed. Supportive evidence was provided by corresponding multimer staining. Although CTA genes are frequently expressed in NSCLC, detection of CTL reactivity against CTA epitopes in TIL from nonimmunized NSCLC patients represents a rare event. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of frequent consumption of fatty fish with prostate cancer risk is modified by COX‐2 polymorphism
Authors: Hedelin Maria , Chang Ellen T. , Wiklund Fredrik , Bellocco Rino , Klint Åsa , Adolfsson Jan , Shahedi Katarina , Xu Jianfeng , Adami Hans‐Olov , Grönberg Henrik , Bälter Katarina Augustsson 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDietary intake of marine fatty acids from fish may protect against prostate cancer development. We studied this association and whether it is modified by genetic variation in cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2, a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. We assessed dietary intake of fish among 1,499 incident prostate cancer cases and 1,130 population controls in Sweden. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and genotyped in available blood samples for 1,378 cases and 782 controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by multivariate logistic regression. Multiplicative and additive interactions between fish intake and COX‐2 SNPs on prostate cancer risk were evaluated. Eating fatty fish (e.g., salmon‐type fish) once or more per week, compared to never, was associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.43–0.76). The OR comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of marine fatty acids intake was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.51–0.97). We found a significant interaction (p< 0.001) between salmon‐type fish intake and a SNP in theCOX‐2gene (rs5275: +6365 T/C), but not with the 4 other SNPs examined. We found strong inverse associations with increasing intake of salmon‐type fish among carriers of the variant allele (OR for once per week or morevs. never = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18–0.45;ptrend< 0.01), but no association among carriers of the more common allele. Frequent consumption of fatty fish and marine fatty acids appears to reduce the risk of prostate cancer, and this association is modified by genetic variation in theCOX‐2gene. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase C isoenzymes in cultured astrocytes
Authors: Lo Vasco Vincenza Rita , Fabrizi Cinzia , Artico Marco , Cocco Lucio , Billi Anna Maria , Fumagalli Lorenzo , Manzoli Francesco Antonio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSignal transduction from plasma membrane to cell nucleus is a complex process depending on various components including lipid signaling molecules, in particular phosphoinositides and their related enzymes, which act at cell periphery and/or plasma membrane as well as at nuclear level. As far as the nervous system may concern the inositol lipid cycle has been hypothesized to be involved in numerous neural as well as glial functions. In this context, however, a precise panel of glial PLC isoforms has not been determined yet. In the present experiments we investigated astrocytic PLC isoforms in astrocytes obtained from foetal primary cultures of rat brain and from an established cultured (C6) rat astrocytoma cell line, two well known cell models for experimental studies on glia. Identification of PLC isoforms was achieved by using a combination of RT‐PCR and immunocytochemistry experiments. While in both cell models the most represented PI‐PLC isoforms were β4, γ1, δ4, and ε, isoforms PI‐PLC β2 and δ3 were not detected. Moreover, in primary astrocyte cultures PI‐PLC δ3 resulted well expressed in C6 cells but was absent in astrocytes. Immunocytochemistry performed with antibodies against specific PLC isoforms substantially confirmed this pattern of expression both in astrocytes and C6 glioma cells. In particular while some isoenzymes (namely isoforms β3 and β4) resulted mainly nuclear, others (isoforms δ4 and ε) were preferentially localized at cytoplasmic and plasma membrane level. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 952–959, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclic nucleotide response element binding (CREB) protein activation is involved in K562 erythroleukemia cells differentiation
Authors: Di Pietro Roberta , di Giacomo Viviana , Caravatta Luciana , Sancilio Silvia , Rana Rosa Alba , Cataldi Amelia 
Published: October 2006

AbstractK562 are human erythroleukemia cells inducible to differentiate into megakaryocytic or erythroid lineage by different agents. Cyclic nucleotide Response Element Binding (CREB) protein, a nuclear transcription factor which mediates c‐AMP signaling, is a potential candidate involved in the occurrence of erythroid differentiation and adaptive response. Here we investigated signaling events in K562 cells induced with 30 µM hemin to undergo erythroid differentiation. CREB activation was detected early 1 h after hemin treatment and up to 4 and 6 days of treatment, when K562 terminal differentiation occurs together with caspase‐3 maximal activation and PARP degradation. It was interesting to note that after hemin treatment in the presence of SB203580, p38 MAP kinase specific inhibitor, a reduced rate of CREB phosphorylation as well as a lower percentage of CD71/Gly+ (Glycophorin A) cells were detectable, demonstrating the p38 MAP kinase dependency of these phenomena. All in all these results document a novel relationship between CREB activation and differentiation‐related apoptotic cell death and assign a role to p38 MAP kinase pathway in determining these events in K562 erythroleukemia cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 1070–1079, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rat mast cells communicate with fibroblasts via gap junction intercellular communications
Authors: Au Stephen R. , Au Katherine , Saggers Gregory C. , Karne Neel , Ehrlich H. Paul 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUsually mast cells (MCs) modulate other cellular activities through the release of their cytoplasmic granules. Recently, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between an established human MC cell line (HMC‐1) co‐cultured with human dermal fibroblasts in fibroblast populated collagen lattices (FPCLs), enhanced the rate and degree of FPCL contraction. However, HMC‐1 cells were unable to generate GJIC with human neonatal fibroblasts in monolayer culture. Here freshly isolated rat peritoneal MCs are co‐cultured with fibroblasts in collagen lattices and in monolayer culture in vitro and introduced into rat polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge implants in vivo. Co‐cultured MC‐FPCL contracted faster and to a greater degree. Loading Calcein AM green fluorescent dye into red fluorescent Dil tagged MC generates MC‐paratroopers. When MC‐paratroopers form GJIC with fibroblasts, some green dye is passed into the fibroblast, while the MC‐paratrooper retains both its red and green fluorescence. MC‐paratroopers passed green fluorescent dye into both human and rat dermal fibroblasts in monolayer culture. In rats 7‐day‐old subcutaneous PVA sponge implants, which received an injection of MC‐paratroopers, exhibited auto‐fluorescent green fibroblasts, when harvested 24 h later. MC‐paratroopers pretreated with a long‐acting GJIC inhibitor prior to their introduction into PVA sponge implants, failed to pass dye into fibroblasts. It is proposed that GJIC between granulation tissue fibroblasts and MCs can modulate some aspects of wound repair and fibrosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 1170–1177, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gadd45α does not modulate the carboplatin or 5‐fluorouracil‐induced apoptosis in human papillomavirus‐positive cells
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Upadhyay Ankur Kumar , Ajay Amrendra Kumar , Bhat Manoj Kumar 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGadd45α is shown to be induced by a wide spectrum of DNA‐damaging agents and implicated in negative regulation of cell growth by causing G2‐M arrest or induction of apoptosis. In the present study, we explored the involvement of p53 in the promoter activation of Gadd45α as well as the role of Gadd45α in carboplatin (Carb) or 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐induced apoptosis in human papillomavirus virus (HPV)‐positive HEp‐2 and HeLa cells. We report that Carb or 5‐FU upregulate Gadd45α and p53 in both these cells. Transient transfection of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT)‐reporter construct driven by Gadd45α promoter clearly indicated that Gadd45α upregulation was mediated through activation of its promoter. Inhibition of p53 function by dominant‐negative‐p53 expression partially suppressed the activation of Gadd45α promoter. Further, the induction of apoptosis was assessed by detection of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage by Western blot analysis. Inhibition of upregulated Gadd45α expression by antisense expression vector did not modulate the Carb or 5‐FU‐induced apoptosis. Overall, we conclude that Gadd45α promoter activation partially depends on p53 function in HPV‐positive cells. Moreover, Gadd45α protein does not modulate Carb or 5‐FU‐induced apoptosis in these cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 1191–1199, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcription factor Runx1 recruits the polyomavirus replication origin to replication factories
Authors: Murakami Yota , Chen Ling‐Feng , Sanechika Noriyuki , Kohzaki Hidetsugu , Ito Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEukaryotic DNA replication takes place in the replication factories, where replication proteins are properly assembled to form replication forks. Thus, recruitment of DNA replication origins to the replication factories must be the key step for the regulation of DNA replication. The transcription factor Runx1 associates with the nuclear matrix, the putative substructure of DNA replication factories. An earlier report from our laboratory showed that Runx1 activates polyomavirus DNA replication, and that this requires its nuclear matrix‐binding activity. Here, we show that Runx1 activates polyomavirus DNA replication by stimulating the binding of the viral‐encoded replication initiator/helicase, large T antigen, to its replication origin. We found that newly replicated polyomavirus DNA is associated with the nuclear matrix and that large T antigen is targeted to replication factories, suggesting that polyomavirus is replicated in replication factories on the nuclear matrix. Although Runx1 did not co‐localize with large T antigen‐containing foci by itself, it co‐localized with large T antigen‐containing replication factories during Runx1‐dependent polyomavirus DNA replication. These observations together suggest that Runx1 recruits the polyomavirus replication origin to the replication factory on the nuclear matrix, and that this requires the nuclear matrix‐binding activity of Runx1. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 1313–1323, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.