bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
γ‐Hydroxybutyrate binds to the synaptic site recognizing succinate monocarboxylate: A new hypothesis on astrocyte–neuron interaction via the protonation of succinate
Authors: Molnár Tünde , Barabás Péter , Héja László , Fekete Erzsébet Kútiné , Lasztóczi Bálint , Szabó Pál , Nyitrai Gabriella , Simon‐Trompler Edit , Hajós Ferenc , Palkovits Miklós , Kardos Julianna 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSuccinate (SUC), a citrate (CIT) cycle intermediate, and carbenoxolone (CBX), a gap junction inhibitor, were shown to displace [3H]γ‐hydroxybutyrate ([3H]GHB), which is specifically bound to sites present in synaptic membrane subcellular fractions of the rat forebrain and the human nucleus accumbens. Elaboration on previous work revealed that acidic pH‐induced specific binding of [3H]SUC occurs, and it has been shown to have a biphasic displacement profile distinguishing high‐affinity (Ki,SUC = 9.1 ± 1.7 μM) and low‐affinity (Ki,SUC = 15 ± 7 mM) binding. Both high‐ and low‐ affinity sites were characterized by the binding of GHB (Ki,GHB = 3.9 ± 0.5 μM and Ki,GHB = 5.0 ± 2.0 mM) and lactate (LAC; Ki,LAC = 3.9 ± 0.5 μM and Ki,LAC = 7.7 ± 0.9 mM). Ligands, including the hemiester ethyl‐hemi‐SUC, and the gap junction inhibitors flufenamate, CBX, and the GHB binding site‐selective NCS‐382 interacted with the high‐affinity site (in μM: Ki,EHS = 17 ± 5, Ki,FFA = 24 ± 13, Ki,CBX = 28 ± 9, Ki,NCS‐382 = 0.8 ± 0.1 μM). Binding of the Na+,K+‐ATPase inhibitor ouabain, the proton‐coupled monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)‐specific α‐cyano‐hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC), and CIT characterized the low‐affinity SUC binding site (in mM: Ki,ouabain = 0.13 ± 0.05, Ki,CHC = 0.32 ± 0.07, Ki,CIT = 0.79 ± 0.20). All tested compounds inhibited [3H]SUC binding in the human nucleus accumbens and had Ki values similar to those observed in the rat forebrain. The binding process can clearly be recognized as different from synaptic and mitochondrial uptake or astrocytic release of SUC, GHB, and/or CIT by its unique GHB selectivity. The transient decrease of extracellular SUC observed during epileptiform activity suggested that the function of the synaptic target recognizing protonated succinate monocarboxylate may vary under different (patho)physiological conditions. Furthermore, we put forward a hypothesis on the synaptic activity‐regulated signaling between astrocytes and neurons via SUC protonation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
6‐Hydroxydopamine lesion in the ventral tegmental area fails to reduce extracellular dopamine in the cerebral cortex
Authors: Devoto Paola , Flore Giovanna , Saba Pierluigi , Castelli M. Paola , Piras A. Paola , Luesu William , Viaggi M. Cristina , Ennas M. Grazia , Gessa Gian Luigi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDopamine and noradrenaline are both involved in modulation of superior cognitive functions that are mainly dependent on frontal cortex activity. Experimental evidence points to parallel variations in extracellular concentrations of catecholamines in the cerebral cortex, which leads us to hypothesize their corelease from noradrenergic neurons. This study aimed to verify this hypothesis, by means of cerebral microdialysis following destruction of dopaminergic innervation in rats. The unilateral injury of dopaminergic neurons, by 6‐hydroxydopamine injection in the ventral tegmental area, dramatically reduced the immunoreactivity for dopamine transporter in the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the lesion. Tissue dopamine content in the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal and parietal cortex was also profoundly decreased, whereas noradrenaline was only slightly affected. Despite the lower tissue content in the denervated side, the extracellular dopamine level was not changed in the cortex, although it was markedly decreased in the nucleus accumbens ipsilateral to the lesion. The effect of drugs selective for D2‐dopaminergic (haloperidol) or α2‐noradrenergic (RS 79948) receptors was verified. Haloperidol failed to modify extracellular dopamine in either cortex but increased it in the nucleus accumbens, such an increase being greatly reduced in the denervated side. On the other hand, RS 79948 increased extracellular dopamine and DOPAC in all areas tested, the increases being of the same degree in both intact and lesioned sides. The results strongly support the hypothesis that the majority of extracellular dopamine in the cortex, unlike that in the nucleus accumbens, originates from noradrenergic terminals. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
When consumers and brands talk: Storytelling theory and research in psychology and marketing
Authors: Woodside Arch G. , Sood Suresh , Miller Kenneth E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractStorytelling is pervasive through life. Much information is stored, indexed, and retrieved in the form of stories. Although lectures tend to put people to sleep, stories move them to action. People relate to each other in terms of stories—and products and brands often play both central and peripheral roles in their stories. To aid storytelling research in consumer psychology, this article develops a narrative theory that describes how consumers use brands as props or anthropomorphic actors in stories they report about themselves and others. Such drama enactments enable these storytellers to experience powerful myths that reflect psychological archetypes. The article includes findings from case study research that probes propositions of the theory. Implications for consumer psychology and marketing practice follow the discussion of the findings. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Classical conditioning and celebrity endorsers: An examination of belongingness and resistance to extinction
Authors: Till Brian D. , Stanley Sarah M. , Priluck Randi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThree studies attempt to better explain how celebrities are used effectively as conditioned stimuli in the associative learning process. Study 1 establishes that direct affect transfer can occur using celebrities via conditioning. Study 2 suggests that celebrity conditioning will be more effective when there is an appropriate fit (belongingness) between the celebrity and the product endorsed—also known as the match‐up hypothesis. Finally, Study 3 examines whether attitudes toward brands paired with celebrities are resistant to efforts to extinguish them using extinction procedures. The findings suggest that conditioning with celebrities yields brand attitudes that are robust and enduring. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On super connectivity of Cartesian product graphs
Authors: Lü Min , Wu Chao , Chen Guo‐Liang , Lv Cheng 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe super connectivity κ1 of a connected graph G is the minimum number of vertices whose deletion results in a disconnected graph without isolated vertices; this is a more refined index than the connectivity parameter κ. This article provides bounds for the super connectivity κ1 of the Cartesian product of two connected graphs, and thus generalizes the main result of Shieh on the super connectedness of the Cartesian product of two regular graphs with maximum connectivity. Particularly, we determine that κ1(Km × Kn) = min{m + 2n − 4, 2m + n − 4} for m + n ≥ 6 and state sufficient conditions to guarantee κ1(K2 × G) = 2κ(G). As a consequence, we immediately obtain the super connectivity of the n‐cube for n ≥ 3. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
Evaluating the alignment among curriculum, instruction, and assessments: Implications and applications for research and practice
Authors: Roach Andrew T. , Niebling Bradley C. , Kurz Alexander 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAlignment has been defined as the extent to which curricular expectations and assessments are in agreement and work together to provide guidance for educators' efforts to facilitate students' progress toward desire academic outcomes. The Council of Chief State School Officers has identified three preferred models as frameworks for evaluating alignment: Webb's alignment model, the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum model, and the Achieve model. Each model consists of a series of indices that summarize or describe the general match or coherence between state standards, large‐scale assessments, and, in some cases, classroom instruction. This article provides an overview of these frameworks for evaluating alignment and their applications in educational practice and the research literature. After providing an introduction to the use of alignment to evaluate large‐scale accountability systems, the article presents potential extensions of alignment for use with vulnerable populations (e.g., students with disabilities, preschoolers), individual students, and classroom teachers. These proposed applications can provide information for facilitating efforts to improve teachers' classroom instruction and students' educational achievement. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relative contributions of the Cattell‐Horn‐Carroll cognitive abilities in explaining writing achievement during childhood and adolescence
Authors: Floyd Randy G. , McGrew Kevin S. , Evans Jeffrey J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis study examined the relative contributions of measures of Cattell‐Horn‐Carroll (CHC) cognitive abilities in explaining writing achievement. Drawing from samples that covered the age range of 7 to 18 years, simultaneous multiple regression was used to regress scores from the Woodcock‐Johnson III (WJ III; Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001) that represent CHC broad and narrow abilities onto the WJ III Basic Writing Skills and Written Expression cluster scores. At most age levels, Comprehension‐Knowledge demonstrated moderate to strong effects on both writing clusters, Processing Speed demonstrated moderate effects on Basic Writing Skills and moderate to strong effects on Written Expression, and Short‐Term Memory demonstrated moderate effects. At the youngest age levels, Long‐Term Retrieval demonstrated moderate to strong effects on Basic Writing Skills and moderate effects on Written Expression. Auditory Processing, and Phonemic Awareness demonstrated moderate effects on only Written Expression at the youngest age levels and at some of the oldest age levels. Fluid Reasoning demonstrated moderate effects on both writing clusters only during some of the oldest age levels. Visual‐Spatial Thinking primarily demonstrated negligible effects. The results provide insights into the cognitive abilities most important for understanding the writing skills of children during the school‐age years. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
2‐Chloroadenosine modulates PAR‐1 and IL‐23 expression and enhances docetaxel effects on PC3 cells
Authors: Minelli Alba , Bellezza Ilaria , Tucci Arianna , Conte Carmela , Bracarda Sergio , Culig Zoran 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDDocetaxel‐based chemotherapy is the only treatment that demonstrated an overall survival benefit in men with hormone refractory prostate cancer. 2‐CADO inhibits the growth of PC3 cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through a mechanism that involves cellular uptake.METHODSAndrogen‐independent and ‐sensitive (PC3 and LNCaP) prostate cancer cells and non‐neoplastic HECV cells were used in the study. Proliferation and cell cycle progression were analyzed in the presence of 2‐CADO and Docetaxel. Invasive potential was assessed by soft agar assay and metastatic ability by adhesion assay. IL‐23 and PAR‐1 expression were determined by real time PCR.RESULTS2‐CADO pre‐treatment followed by Docetaxel at subclinical dosage reduced the viability of either PC3 or LNCaP while it did not enhance Docetaxel‐induced cytotoxicity in adherent non‐neoplastic HECV. The drugs reduced the invasive potential of PC3 cells by inducing apoptosis and blocking cell cycle progression in the S‐phase. Down‐regulation of PAR‐1 gene expression resulted in a slightly lower metastatic potential, whereas up‐regulation of IL‐23 induced the activation of the immune system.CONCLUSIONSPretreatment of PC3 cells with 2‐CADO decreased the effective concentration of Docetaxel, lowered the metastatic potential, and induced the production of cytokines known to stimulate the immune response against cancer. The treatment was effective for prostate cancer cells independently on their androgen sensitiveness. Prostate 68: 360–372, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural consequences of phosphorylation of two serine residues in the cytoplasmic domain of HIV‐1 VpU
Authors: Wittlich Marc , Koenig Bernd W. , Willbold Dieter 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) protein U (VpU) is an accessory protein responsible for enhancement of viral particle release and down regulation of the T‐lymphocyte coreceptor CD4. Direct binding between the cytoplasmic domains of CD4 and VpU as well as phosphorylation of serines 53 and 57 in the cytoplasmic domain of VpU plays a central role in CD4 downregulation. We investigated structural consequences of phosphorylation of the two serines using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A uniformly 15N and 13C stable isotope‐labeled 45‐residue peptide comprising the cytoplasmic domain of VpU (VpUcyt) was recombinantly produced in E .coli. The peptide forms two helices (commonly referred to as helix 2 and 3) in the presence of membrane mimicking dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles, which flank a flexible region containing the two phosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation does not cause any drastic structural changes in the secondary structure of VpUcyt. However, an N‐terminal elongation of helix 3 and a slightly reduced helicity at the C‐terminus of helix 2 are observed upon phosphorylation based on characteristic changes of 13Cα and 13Cβ chemical shifts. Phosphorylation also reduces the local mobility of the protein backbone in the loop region containing the phosphorylation sites according to heteronuclear 1H15N nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) data. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of temperature treatment and carbon addition on the surface morphology and the surface energy of molybdenum layers on carbon substrates
Authors: Vollnhofer W. , Eisenmenger‐Sittner C. , Hell J. , Kiniger M. , Schwarz B. , Steiner H. , Tomastik C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMolybdenum layers act as wetting and adhesion promotors for copper coatings to carbon substrates. A crucial step to initiate the adhesion promotion by Mo is a temperature treatment. Hundred nanometer thick Mo layers were deposited by magnetron sputtering on plane substrates of vitreous carbon (Sigradur G) and subjected to heat treatments of up to 8 min duration at 400 and 800 °C under high vacuum conditions (10−3 Pa). Changes in the surface morphology of the coating were recorded by atomic‐force microscopy (AFM). The AFM measurements have shown significant recrystallization of the coatings. Grains with diameters of approximately 100 nm develop in the first stages of heat treatment. The grain diameter remains roughly constant with ongoing heat‐treatment time. Surface‐energy measurements that were performed with the sessile drop method have shown that temperature treatment at 800 °C significantly increases the surface energy of the Mo coating. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) shows that heat treatment at 800 °C alters the chemical composition of the coating from pure Mo to a Mo‐carbide while no carbide is formed at 400 °C. It is concluded that the carbide formation plays a significant role in the changes of the surface parameters of the Mo coating. This hypothesis is supported by comparing coatings produced by cosputtering Mo and C with the heat‐treated coatings using the methods presented above. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD43 – One molecule, many tales to recount
Authors: Pedraza‐Alva Gustavo , Rosenstein Yvonne 
Published: January 2008

AbstractImmune cells functions are regulated through the orchestrated intervention of immune receptors that recognize non‐self peptides or pathogen associated molecular patterns and of molecules that modulate the signals these receptors generate. These molecules, known as accessory or co‐receptor molecules, sense the environment, setting the threshold for cell activation, as well as instructing the cells to ensure self‐tolerance and homeostasis. CD43 is an abundant cell surface protein, expressed on nearly all lineages of hematopoietic cells. Multiple, and sometimes opposite functions, have been attributed to CD43: adhesion and anti‐adhesion, locomotion, cellular activation, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Here we will summarize recent developments in our understanding of the role this molecule plays in different cell types. In particular, we will illustrate the role of CD43 as a T cell accessory molecule, capable of generating intracellular signals, independently of or in coordination with the TCR, actively modulating T cell response. In addition, we review new functions for this molecule, in non‐immune cells.
Fc receptor and integrin signaling in phagocytes
Authors: Rosales Carlos 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSpecific receptors for antibodies, named Fc receptors, and for extracellular matrix proteins, named integrins, contribute to phagocyte activation. Because phagocyte activation is the mechanism whereby most of the potential pathogens are ultimately destroyed, there is a lot of interest to elucidate the biochemical signals that Fc receptors and integrins induce to activate phagocyte functions. This review describes the main signal transduction pathways that are initiated by Fc receptors and integrins in phagocytic leukocytes, with emphasis on the activation of phagocytosis and gene expression. New findings on the common signaling pathways used by Fc receptors and integrins are also discussed.
A Qualitative Study of the Activities and Outcomes of Domestic Violence Coordinating Councils
Authors: Allen Nicole E. , Watt Kelly A. , Hess Jacob Z. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractEfforts to promote systems change frequently involve the creation of councils, coalitions, and other collaborative settings. However, research, to date, reports limited empirical evidence that they achieve desired outcomes (Roussos and Fawcett, Annu Rev Public Health 21:369–402, 2000). The precise nature of this evidence base has received less attention. In particular, formal investigations into council effectiveness (a) rarely highlight the specific nature of collaborative efforts; (b) emphasize fairly distal markers as the “gold standard” for effectiveness; (c) focus largely on formative “outcomes” (e.g., action plan quality); and (d) utilize primarily quantitative research approaches. The current study extends previous research by employing a qualitative approach to investigate the particular activities and proximal outcomes of 41 domestic violence coordinating councils. Study findings suggest that councils engage in six primary activities: discussing issues, sharing information, identifying weaknesses in the system's response, providing training for key stakeholders, engaging in public/community education, and lobbying key stakeholders who are not council members. Three proximal outcomes were consistently identified in council efforts: the promotion of knowledge, relationships, and institutionalized change. Attending more directly to proximal outcomes and concrete activities in our research has important implications for conceptualizing and researching the effectiveness of councils and collaborative settings.
Formation of membrane‐bound inclusions and their associations with cytoplasmic channels in early prophase male meiocytes of Althaea rosea (L.) Cavan
Authors: Luo Xin Juan , Liu Xu Hao , Wang Chong Ying , Wang Xin Yu 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTo characterize the cytoplasmic structure reorganization during plant meiosis, the male meiocytes of Althaea rosea (L.) Cavan were examined under the combination of light and electron microscopy. Light microscopic observation of the toluidine blue‐stained thick resin sections of young anthers revealed that the meiocytes of sporogenous cell stage were extremely voluminous and variable in shape and division plane. The cell walls (CWs) between some meiocytes were discontinuous at one or several site(s). These discontinuous portions varied between 0.2 and 3.0 μm in length. In addition, it was found that some meiocytes were able to produce protuberances that extended into another meiocyte. When transversally sectioned, the protuberance extending to another cell looked like a small cell lying in another cell. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that there were many long flat ER cisternae that were actively wrapping around a portion of cytoplasm in the male meiocytes at the sporogenous cell stage. During pre‐meiosis interphase and early prophase I, a number of huge (0.5–1.0 μm diameter) spherical membrane‐bound inclusions (MBIs) lined by single or double layer(s) of membrane were formed, each membrane actually representing one tightly appressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisterna. The MBIs contained many granular, lamellar and fibrillar structures, and even small MBIs. Moreover, it was found that the MBIs could associate with the cytoplasmic channels (CCs) on CWs to release their contents into the cytoplasm of the opposite cell or directly extend from one cell to another through the CC. Taking all the data together, it is suggested that association of the MBIs and other organelles with CCs possibly functions in eliminating the non‐identity of cytoplasm of the male meiocytes caused probably by the random asymmetric division observed at sporogenous cell phase, so as to ensure production of a large number of identical functional male gametes required for successful fertilization.
Another approach to estimating the reliability of glycaemic index
Authors: Williams Sheila M. , Venn Bernard J. , Perry Tracy , Brown Rachel , Wallace Alison , Mann Jim I. , Green Tim J. 
Published: January 2008

The usefulness of the glycaemic index (GI) of a food for practical advice for individuals with diabetes or the general population depends on its reliability, as estimated by intra-class coefficient (ICC), a measure having values between 0 and 1, with values closer to 1 indicating better reliability. We aimed to estimate the ICC of the postprandial blood glucose response to glucose and white bread, instant mashed potato and chickpeas using the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and the GI of these foods. The iAUC values were determined in twenty healthy individuals on three and four occasions for white bread and glucose, respectively, and for potato and chickpeas on a single occasion. The ICC of the iAUC for white bread and glucose were 0·50 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·73) and 0·49 (95 % CI 0·22, 0·75), respectively. The mean GI of white bread was 81 (95 % CI 74, 90) with a reliability of 0·27 indicating substantial within-person variability. The GI of mashed potato and chickpeas were 87 (95 % CI 76, 101) and 28 (95 % CI 22, 37) respectively with ICC of 0·02 and 0·40.The ICC of the iAUC were moderate and those of the GI fair or poor, indicating the heterogeneous nature of individuals' responses. The unpredictability of individual responses even if they are the result of day-to-day variation places limitations on the clinical usefulness of GI. If the very different GI of potato and chickpeas are estimates of an individual's every-day response to different foods, then the GI of foods may provide an indication of the GI of a long-term diet.
The traditions of fideism
Authors: CARROLL THOMAS D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPhilosophers and theologians acknowledge that ‘fideism’ is difficult to define but rarely agree on what the best characterization of the term is. In this article, I investigate the history of use of ‘fideism’ to explore why its meaning has been so contested and thus why it has not always been helpful for resolving philosophical problems. I trace the use of the term from its origins in French theology to its current uses in philosophy and theology, concluding that ‘fideism’ is helpful in resolving philosophical problems only when philosophers scrupulously acknowledge the tradition of use that informs their understanding of the word.