bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dobutamine-induced augmentation of cardiac output does not enhance respiratory gas exchange in anesthetized recumbent healthy horses
Authors: Swanson Clifford R. , Muir William W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The influence of pharmacologic enhancement of cardiac output on the alveolar-to-arterial oxygen tension (difference (P[A-a]O2), physiologic right-to-left shunt fraction (Q̇s/Q̇t), and physiologic dead space-to-tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) was studied in halothane-anesthetized horses in left lateral, right lateral, and dorsal recumbencies. Adult horses were anesthetized, using xylazine (2.2 mg/kg, im), guaifenesin (50 mg/kg, iv), thiamylal (4.4 mg/kg, iv), and halothane (1.5% to 2% inspired) in 100% O2. Mechanical ventilation was controlled to maintain arterial eucapnia (PaCO2) 35 to 45 mm of Hg) for a period lasting at least 1 hour. Dobutamine was administered at dosages of 1, 3, and 5 μg/kg/min, iv, on a randomized basis. The P(A-a)O2, Q̇s/Q̇t, and VD/VT were calculated during equilibration and after each dobutamine infusion was given. The P(A-a)O2 and Q̇s/Q̇t were significantly (P < 0.05) greater and Vq/Vt tended to be greater in horses in dorsal recumbency, compared with those values in horses in left lateral or right lateral recumbency. Cardiac output was similar in all horses, regardless of body position (recumbency). The qualitative relationships between horses in the 3 recumbent positions were not altered by dobutamine. Cardiac output was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by 3 or 5 μg of dobutamine/kg/min in all horses, whereas P(A-a)O2, Q̇s/Q̇t, and VD/VT were not significantly altered by dobutamine. The results of the present study failed to substantiate pur clinical observations of decreased P(A-a)O2 and Q̇s/Q̇t in anesthetized compromised horses given dobutamine.
Effects of isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate on bone healing
Authors: Hampel Nancy L. , Pijanowski Gerald J. , Johnson Richard G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An in vivo evaluation of isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate as an osseous adhesive was performed to determine its effect on bone healing. Oblique cortical fractures were induced at the tibial-fibular junctions of adult rabbits. Forty-eight fractures were repaired by the use of isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate and a full cerclage wire. The opposite control frac-ture was repaired with a full cerclage wire only. One hundred percent of the glued fractures were not united through the glue interface, although normal periosteal new bone formation (secondary bone healing) took place around the glue. One hundred percent of the nonglued fractures healed by secondary bone union. Reactions were not seen in the bone or soft tissue adjacent to the adhesive material.
Efficacy of injectable ivermectin against natural infections of Stephanurus dentatus in swine
Authors: Becker H. Neil 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ivermectin (300 μg/kg of body weight) was given to swine subcutaneously in the neck to test its efficacy against the kidney worm, Stephanurus dentatus. Two separate field trials were conducted using 146 swine (40 males and 106 females). Urine was obtained before and after treatment and was examined for presence of S dentatus eggs. Stephanurus dentatus eggs were quantitated in positive samples. All treated swine positive for S dentatus eggs in the pretreatment urine samples (n = 54) were negative by 14 to 21 days after treatment with ivermectin. Adverse reactions caused by ivermectin injection were not noticed.
Research needs and priorities for avian internal parasites in the United States
Authors: _ _ 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The importance of parasitic infections to the poultry industry has been well documented. The introduction of large scale confinement rearing techniques have decreased the variety of parasitic diseases, but have increased vheir frequency and economic impact. Coccidiosis and helminthiasis are the two most important parasitic diseases, although diseases such as histoplasmosis and leukocytozoonosis have the potential to become serious in certain geographic areas.
Much of the research effort has been directed at the development of new anticoccidial drugs. However, drug resistance is an increasing problem, and there is a need to develop vaccines, at least for the control of coccidiosis. A better understanding of the biologic aspects of parasitic infections, including the host response, would allow for coordinated control programs involving diagnosis, management, treatment, and immunization. Specific recommendations are made for research objectives with immediate and long-range application.
Toxic and protective constituents in pet foods
Authors: Mumma Ralph O. , Rashid Kamal A. , Shane Barbara S. , Scarlett-Kranz Janet M. , Hotchkiss Joseph H. , Eckerlin Richard H. , Maylin George A. , Lee Chang Y. , Rutzke Michael , Gutenmann Walter H. , Bache Carl A. , Lisk Donald J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An analytical survey of mutagens, nitrosamines, polychlorinated biphenyls, toxic elements, and γ-emission, as well as the toxicologically protective constituents zinc, selenium, and vitamin C, in 48 pet foods was conducted. Aside from high concentrations of fluoride and iodide in some samples and the expectedly higher concentrations of mercury and selenium in certain cat foods containing fish, the samples were notably free of the other toxic constituents. Direct-acting and promutagens and nitrosamines were not detectable in any of the samples, γ-Emission was very low in all of the foods. Polychlorinated biphenyls were only detected in one cat food.
Percutaneous infection of nymphal Dermacentor andersoni with Anaplasma marginale
Authors: Kocan Katherine M. , Wickwire Kathie B. , Hair Jakie A. , Ewing S. A. , Barron Selwyn J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Newly replete nymphal Dermacentor andersoni (principals) were percutaneously exposed to Anaplasma marginale by injection of either intact or lysed infected bovine erythrocytes. Control nymphs were fed on calves with anaplasmosis. The subsequently molted adults were examined for infection by light microscopy, and companion ticks were tested for infectivity by allowing them to feed on susceptible calves. When they fed as adults, both control ticks and percutaneously inoculated principals transmitted A marginale to susceptible calves. Prepatent periods in calves varied according to the method by which nymphs were infected. Colonies of A marginale were found in all ticks that acquired infection by feeding, but colonies were not observed in any ticks exposed percutaneously. The possible developmental cycle of A marginale in artificially infected ticks is discussed.
Evaluation of decoquinate, lasalocid, and monensin against experimentally induced sarcocystosis in calves
Authors: Foreyt William J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of decoquinate, lasalocid, and monensin against experimentally induced sarcocystosis (Sarcocystis bovicanis) were evaluated in 12 calves, 3 of which were inoculated, nontreated controls. Three additional calves were noninoculated, nontreated controls. Drugs were administered in the feed (33 mg/kg of feed) of the treated calves (3 calves/group) for 87 days. Eight of the 12 inoculated calves died from acute sarcocystosis during the experiment (the 3 inoculated, nontreated controls, the 3 calves given decoquinate, and 2 of the 3 calves given lasalocid). Large numbers of sarcocysts were found in tissues from inoculated calves that survived in the experiment (1 of the 3 calves given lasalocid and the 3 calves given monensin). Although large numbers of sarcocysts developed in the muscles of monensin-treated calves, monensin may have an ameliorating effect on acute sarcocystosis.
Strongylid parasites of horses: Experimental ecology of the free-living stages on the canadian prairie
Authors: Polley Lydden 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Each month for a 1-year period (October through September), equine fecal masses containing eggs of strongylid nematodes were placed outdoors on small grass plots in Saskatchewan, Canada. Thereafter, feces and grass from the plots were sampled after intervals of 1 week or longer, and the strongylid eggs and larvae recovered were counted. These observations were made over a 2-year period. Development of eggs to infective larvae occurred in all experiments, except those established in October, December, and January. Infective larvae from experiments set up in April through September survived that winter. During the summer, there was a gradual build up of infective larvae in the fecal masses, which reached a peak in August and September and then decreased into the winter. These results are discussed in the context of the control of strongylid parasites of horses on the Canadian prairie and in other areas of the world with a similar climate and similar horse management practices.
Isolation of leptospires from the genital tracts of Iowa cows
Authors: Ellis William A. , Thiermann Alex B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was recovered from 5 of 11 nonpregnant cows chosen at random from an Iowa slaughterhouse. Isolations were made from the kidney in each instance, the genital tract of 3 cows: uterus from 1 cow, oviduct of another, and oviduct and uterus of a 3rd cow.
Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole given to horses by intravenous and oral routes
Authors: Sweeney R. W. , Sweeney C. R. , Soma L. R. , Woodward C. B. , Charlton C. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations of metronidazole were determined in 6 healthy adult horses given the drug (25 mg/kg) by iv or oral routes.
The disposition of metronidazole in horses given the drug by the iv route conformed to a 2-compartment model with a distribution half-life of 0.16 hours, an elimination half-life of 2.9 hours, and a body clearance of 0.40 ± 0.05 L/kg/hr. The oral absorption half-life was 0.40 hours, and the bioavailability, 85.0 ± 18.6%. Peritoneal fluid concentrations were approximately equal to serum concentrations at all times, regardless of the route of administration.
On the basis of reported minimal inhibitory concentrations for anaerobic bacteria, a dosage of 15 to 25 mg/kg given orally 4 times daily was recommended.
Pharmacokinetics and body fluid and endometrial concentrations of cefoxitin in mares
Authors: Brown Murray P. , Gronwall Ronald R. , Houston A. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four healthy adult mares were each given a single injection of sodium cefoxitin (20 mg/kg of body weight, iv), and serum cefoxitin concentrations were measured serially during a 6-hour period. The mean elimination rate constant was 1.08/hour and the elimination half-life was 0.82 hour. The apparent volume of distribution (at steady state) and the clearance of the drug were estimated at 0.12 L/kg and 259 ml/hr/kg, respectively. Each mare and 2 additional mares were then given 4 consecutive im injections of sodium cefoxitin (400 mg/ml) at a dosage of 20 mg/kg. Cefoxitin concentrations in serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, csf, urine, and endometrium were measured serially. After im administration, the highest mean serum concentration was 23.1 μg/ml 30 minutes after the 2nd injection. The highest mean synovial concentration was 11.4 μg/ml 1 hour after the 4th injection. The highest mean peritoneal concentration was 10.4 μg/ml 2 hours after the 4th injection. The highest mean endometrial concentration was 4.5 μg/g 4 hours after the 4th injection. Mean urine concentrations reached 11,645 μg/ml. Cefoxitin did not readily penetrate the csf. Bpavailability of cefoxitin given im was 65% to 89% (mean ± sem = 77% ± 5.9%). One of the 6 mares developed acute laminitis during the im experiment.
Effect of cimetidine on aspirin-induced gastric hemorrhage in dogs
Authors: Boulay James P. , Lipowitz Alan J. , Klausner Jeffrey S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Efficacy of cimetidine in the prevention of aspirin-induced gastric hemorrhage was evaluated, using 4 groups of 6 dogs given: Group 1—controls; group 2—7.5 mg of cimetidine/kg of body weight every 8 hours; group 3—7.5 mg of cimetidine/kg every 8 hours and 35 mg of nonbuffered aspirin/kg every 8 hours; and group 4—35 mg of nonbuffered aspirin/kg every 8 hours. All medication was given orally for 10 days at the time of feeding a commercial dry food. The gastric mucosa was evaluated endoscopically before treatment, on treatment day 5, and 36 hours after the final treatment. The dogs were given halothane inhalation anesthesia and were evaluated, using a grading system. Total 24-hour fecal hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was measured, using a quantitative fluorometric analysis for Hb-derived porphyrins.
Control dogs and dogs given cimetidine only had no endoscopically visible gastric lesions and no increase in fecal Hb concentration. All dogs given aspirin or aspirin and cimetidine had a similar marked increase in endoscopically visible gastric hemorrhage and marked increases in fecal Hb concentration; however, there was no significant (P = 0.48) difference between the 2 groups. Seemingly, cimetidine given at an oral dosage of 7.5 mg/ kg every 8 hours was not effective in preventing aspirin-induced gastric hemorrhage in clinically normal dogs.
Interrelationships among liposoluble vitamins in ruminants
Authors: Hidiroglou M. , Williams C. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma concentrations of vitamins A and E were examined in sheep, and a transitory decrease was observed after a single massive dose of vitamin D3 (5 × 106 IU) was administered orally or parenterally. Administration of a large dose of vitamin E to sheep decreased plasma retinol concentrations within 72 hours, but thereafter, the plasma retinol concentrations returned to near baseline values. Oral administration of a single pharmacologic dose of dl-α-tocopherol (5 g) to sheep caused a slow increase of this vitamin in the blood plasma. In cattle, a single im administration of 3 liposoluble vitamins (A, D3, and E) at acceptable concentrations had no detectable influence on plasma α-tocopherol concentrations with the sampling intervals used. Plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol in these cattle showed a marked seasonal pattern; the concentrations increased from January to a peak in July, with a subsequent decrease in the fall. Also reported are estimates of inter- and intraindividual variation in plasma liposoluble vitamin concentrations.
Density-gradient sedimentation of feline bone marrow cells with polyvinyl-pyrrolidone-coated silica gel
Authors: Stiff Mary I. , Kociba Gary J. , Olsen Richard G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Feline bone marrow cells were separated based on their density distribution in a continuous polyvinyl-pyrrolidone-coated silica gel density gradient. Morphologic identification of cytocentrifuged preparations at specific densities revealed a progressive increase in density with maturation of the cells within the granulocytic and erythroid series. Segmented eosinophils peaked at 1.084 g/ml, monocytes at 1.07 g/ml, and lymphocytes spanned the density of 1.068 to 1.084 g/ml. Bone marrow samples from 6 healthy specific-pathogen-free cats were separated by the continuous polyvinyl-pyrrolidone-coated silica gel gradient and were studied for progenitor colony formation in methylcellulose. Erythroid colony formation was greatest at a density of 1.084 g/ml and also appeared in cells from g cats at a lighter density of 1.016 to 1.05 g ml. Colony formation in the granulocytic series revealed progenitors throughout the gradient with enrichment at 1.055 g/ml.
Neutralization of African swine fever virus by sera from African swine fever-resistant pigs
Authors: Gonzalvo F. Ruiz , Caballero C. , Martinez J. , Carnero M.E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sera from African swine fever-resistant pigs with infection-inhibitory activity decreased virus replication in infected porcine huffy coat cultures. This same effect was observed even after virus was adsorbed. The infection-inhibition was not reversed by removing the immune serum from the assay cultures. Reduction of African swine fever virus replication by immune sera was demonstrated by fluorescent focus assay on MS cell line cultures. Virus-neutralization tests showed a persistent fraction of nonneutralized virus, which was not demonstrable by infection-inhibition tests. One hypothesis for explaining this difference is proposed.
Mortality in swine herds endemically infected with Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae: Effect of immunization with cross-reacting lipopolysaccharide core antigens of Escherichia coli
Authors: Fenwick B. W. , Osburn B. I. , Cullor J. S. , Henry S. C. , Olander H. I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The benefit of increased immunity to cross-reacting lipopolysaccharide core antigens of gram-negative bacteria induced by vaccination with an Rc mutant of Escherichia coli 0111:B4 (strain J5) was evaluated in commercial swine herds endemically infected with Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. Weanling pigs were vaccinated im with E coli J5 (group 1) before the expected time of H pleuropneumoniae infection. Clinical signs, antibiotic treatment frequency, mortality, growth performance (days to market weight), and serologic responses of the pigs were monitored for approximately 5 months after vaccination. The results were compared with those of pigs vaccinated im with a commercial H pleuropneumoniae bacterin (group 2) and with those of nonvaccinated control pigs of the same age (group 3). The treatment frequency and growth performance were similar in the 3 groups. However, vaccination with E coli J5 or with the H pleuropneumoniae bacterin lowered mortality, compared with mortality in the controls. Serum titers against E coli J5 increased after vaccination with the E coli J5 bacterin, but were not increased by vaccination with the H pleuropneumoniae. In contrast, serum titer to E coli J5 increased in all treatment groups as a result of H pleuropneumoniae infection or exposure. The protection against lethal H pleuropneumoniae infections in swine that was provided by vaccination with the E coli J5 and the H pleuropneumoniae bacterin appeared to be immunologically distinct on the basis of serologic analysis, indicating the possibility of different mechanisms of protection.
Antiviral effectiveness of butylated hydroxytoluene against pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus in cell culture, mice, and swine
Authors: Pirtle Eugene C. , Sacks Jerome M. , Nachman Ronald J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Butylated hydroxytoluene (bht) was evaluated for antiviral effectiveness on pseudorabies virus (prv) in cell culture, mice, and swine. When relatively small amounts of bht were mixed with prv and incubated at 37 C for 30 or 60 minutes before inoculation into cell cultures, the cell cultures did not become infected with virus. The prv was not infectious when the virus was treated with bht and then inoculated intraperitoneally into mice, but was infectious when bht and prv were inoculated simultaneously or when bht was inoculated either 30 or 60 minutes before prv. Swine fed bht-medicated feed for 10 days before they were intranasally exposed with virulent prv did not have overt signs of pseudorabies, had a lower concentration of prv in nasal mucus than did control swine, and had acceptable blood enzyme and cholesterol concentrations during the experiment. The bht was detected in tissues of 2 swine after they were fed bht-medicated feed for 10 days, and higher concentrations of bht were detected in tissues of 3 swine given bht feed for 29 days.
Study of porcine postweaning diarrhea involving K88(−) hemolytic Escherichia coli
Authors: Hoblet K. H. , Kohler E. M. , Saif L. J. , Theil K. W. , Ingalls W. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The onset of fecal shedding, serogroup involvement, and association of hemolytic Escherichia coli with the postweaning diarrhea syndrome were studied in swine. The only E coli O antigen, detected by slide agglutination with the antisera used, was 0157; K antigens were not detected. The ligated intestinal loop test (lilt) was used for enterotoxigenicity testing. All 0157 serogroup isolates (n = 9) were hemolytic, and 89% (8 of 9) were lilt positive. Of all hemolytic isolates tested, 59% (10 of 17) were lilt positive. Twenty-seven nonhemolytic isolates were tested for enterotoxigenicity; of these, 45% (12) were lilt positive. The onset of postweaning diarrhea coincided with the modal onset of hemolytic E coli shedding at postweaning day 7. At postweaning day 7, hemolytic E coli shedding was concurrently associated with diarrhea (P < 0.0005), whereas later during the postweaning period, this was not the situation.
Prevalence of Histophilus ovis and Actinobacillus seminis in the genital tract of sheep
Authors: Walker Richard L. , LeaMaster Brad R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Histophilus ovis and Actinobacillus seminis were isolated from the preputial cavity of 6-month-old rams and the vagina of 6-month-old ewes at a substantially higher rate than that in mature (> 2 years old) rams and ewes. These organisms appeared to be a transitory component of the ovine genital flora, the prevalence of which was associated with age regardless of gender.
Additional evaluation of the recoverability of H ovis and A seminis from the preputial cavity of rams from birth to 1 year of age indicated that the isolation rate from rams and predominance of the organisms in the preputial cavity differed greatly over this age period. These organisms were not recoverable until ram lambs were 12 weeks of age and were most prevalent at 20 weeks of age, after which recoverability of H ovis and A seminis from the preputial cavity steadily decreased, continuing through the time of the last evaluation at 1 year of age. The time period with which these organisms can be isolated from the preputial cavity is closely correlated with the time period when epididymitis associated with these organisms develops, and may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of epididymitis.