bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PDRs4All
Authors: Pasquini Sofia , Peeters Els , Schefter Bethany , Khan Baria , Sidhu Ameek , Chown Ryan , Cami Jan , Tielens Alexander , Alarcón Felipe , Canin Amélie , Schroetter Ilane , Trahin Boris , Van De Putte Dries , Boersma Christiaan , Dartois Emmanuel , Onaka Takashi , Candian Alessandra , Hartigan Patrick , Lai Thomas S.-Y. , Rouillé Gaël , Sales Dinalva A. , Zhang Yong , Bernard-Salas Jeronimo , Habart Emilie , Berné Olivier 
Published: March 2024

Context.Extraordinary observations of the Orion Bar by JWST have shown, for the first time, the incredible richness of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission bands and their variation on very small scales. These variations are the result of photochemical evolution of the PAH carrier.Aims.We aim to probe the photochemical evolution of PAHs across the key zones of the ideal photodissociation region (PDR) that is the Orion Bar using unsupervised machine learning.Methods.We used JWST NIRSpec IFU and MIRI MRS observations of the Orion Bar from the JWST Early Release Science programme PDRs4All (ID: 1288). We levered bisectingk-means clustering to generate highly detailed spatial maps of the spectral variability in the 3.2–3.6, 5.95–6.6, 7.25–8.95, and 10.9–11.63 μm wavelength regions. We analysed and subsequently described the variations in the cluster profiles and connected them to the conditions of the physical locations from which they arise. We interpreted the origin of the observed variations with respect to the following key zones: the HIIregion, the atomic PDR zone, and the layers of the molecular PDR zone stratified by the first, second, and third dissociation fronts (DF 1, DF 2, and DF 3, respectively).Results.Observed PAH emission exhibits spectral variation that is highly dependent on the spatial position in the PDR. We find the 8.6 μm band to behave differently than all other bands, which vary systematically with one another. Notably, we find a uniform variation in the 3.4–3.6 μm bands and 3.4/3.3 intensity ratio. We attribute the carrier of the 3.4–3.6 μm bands to a single side group attached to very similarly sized PAHs. Further, cluster profiles reveal a transition between characteristic profile classes of the 11.2 μm feature from the atomic to the molecular PDR zones. We find the carriers of each of the profile classes to be independent, and reason the latter to be PAH clusters existing solely deep in the molecular PDR. Clustering also reveals a connection between the 11 .2 and 6.2 μm bands and that clusters generated from variation in the 10.9–11.63 μm region can be used to recover those in the 5.95–6.6 μm region.Conclusions.Clustering is a powerful and comprehensive tool for characterising PAH spectral variability on both spatial and spectral scales. For individual bands as well as global spectral behaviours, we find ultraviolet processing to be the most important driver of the evolution of PAHs and their spectral signatures in the Orion Bar PDR.
Investigating the effect of ESG on retail banks’ customer equity
Authors: Chow Matthew Yau Choi , Ho Shirie Pui Shan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnvironmental, social and governance (ESG) has recently been gaining attention as an important consideration for corporate management strategies worldwide. Drawing on the literature surrounding equity theory and customer equity, this study aimed to investigate the influence of ESG on the customer equity of retail banks in Hong Kong. Based on a survey of 300 banking customers, the study found governance initiatives affected customer attitude, while environmental initiatives and social initiatives had no significant effect on it. Customer attitude provided a strong explanation for value equity, brand equity and relationship equity. Value equity and relationship equity had a positive influence on purchase intention, but the relationship between brand equity and purchase intention was insignificant. Customer attitude also mediated the relationship between governance initiatives and customer equity. The findings of this study add value to the understanding of sustainable marketing initiatives and responsible banking. The study contributes to the development of the ESG and customer equity literature and advances the implementation of sustainable banking practices. Practically, the results of this study suggest that banking practitioners should focus on governance initiatives as a primary driver of customer equity and purchase intention. Understanding the role of ESG initiatives in customer attitude and customer equity can help to develop and improve sustainable marketing strategies. Policymakers can use a governance approach to promote sustainable and responsible banking practices.
Laser diode driver on a programmable system on a chip
Authors: Micic Milena , Atanasijevic Petar , Mihailovic Pedja 
Published: March 2024

A comprehensive solution of a laser diode (LD) driver with temperature control using a programmable system on a chip is proposed as an alternative to dedicated devices. A digital proportional integral differential controller is used for regulating the LD temperature. The light–current characteristics and frequency response of the LD are measured using an external photodiode and interrogated by an integrated transimpedance amplifier. The 0.084% stability, 2 kHz bandwidth, and 0.11% full scale current error are demonstrated. The LD overshoot protection is digitally implemented, providing a soft start. While the circuit is initially optimized for a 3 W infrared LD, instructions are provided for fine-tuning the design according to specific LD requirements.
Spatiotemporal dispersion compensation for a 200-THz noncollinear optical parametric amplifier
Authors: Carbery William P. , Bizimana Laurie A. , Barclay Matthew S. , Wright Nicholas D. , Davis Paul H. , Knowlton William B. , Pensack Ryan D. , Arpin Paul C. , Turner Daniel B. 
Published: March 2024

A noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) can produce few-cycle femtosecond laser pulses that are ideally suited for time-resolved optical spectroscopy measurements. However, the nonlinear-optical process giving rise to ultrabroadband pulses is susceptible to spatiotemporal dispersion problems. Here, we detail refinements, including chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) and pulse-front matching (PFM), that minimize spatiotemporal dispersion and thereby improve the properties of ultrabroadband pulses produced by a NOPA. The description includes a rationale behind the choices of optical and optomechanical components, as well as assessment protocols. We demonstrate these techniques using a 1 kHz, second-harmonic Ti:sapphire pump configuration, which produces ∼5-fs duration pulses that span from about 500 to 800 nm with a bandwidth of about 200 THz. To demonstrate the utility of the CPA-PFM-NOPA, we measure vibrational quantum beats in the transient–absorption spectrum of methylene blue, a dye molecule that serves as a reference standard.
A torsion balance as a weak-force testbed for novel optical inertial sensors
Authors: Bergmann Gerald , Cordes Carolin , Gentemann Christoph , Händchen Vitus , Qinglan Wang , Yan Hao , Danzmann Karsten , Heinzel Gerhard , Mehmet Moritz 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Torsion balances (TBs) are versatile instruments known for their ability to measure tiny forces and accelerations with high precision. We are currently commissioning a new TB facility to support the development and testing of novel optical inertial sensor units for future gravity-related space missions. Here, we report on the status of our apparatus and present first sensitivity curves that demonstrate acceleration and torque sensitivities of

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at frequencies around

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, respectively. Capacitive sensors and optical levers measure the dynamics of the system with a displacement sensitivity of down to

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for the former and

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for the latter. Combining the readout of the suspended inertial member (IM) with environmental sensor signals, the system is characterized, and limiting noise sources are identified. We find that, in particular, the coupling of ambient seismic motion is limiting over a broad frequency range and show that due to its high susceptibility to ground motion, our TB is also a promising platform for exploring ground motion sensing in multiple degrees of freedom. Future upgrades will focus on mitigating seismic noise by controlling the torsion fiber suspension point using piezoelectric actuators and the integration of precision interferometric readout of the IM. These improvements will further increase the sensitivity towards the thermal noise limit which constrains the performance to

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Gravitational wave oscillations in bimetric cosmology
Authors: Brizuela David , de Cesare Marco , Soler Oficial Araceli 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Unlike general relativity, in bimetric gravity linear gravitational waves do not evolve as
free fields. In this theory there are two types of tensor perturbations, whose interactions are
inherited from non-trivial couplings between two dynamical metric tensor fields in the
Hassan-Rosen action, and are responsible for the phenomenon of bigravity oscillations. In
this work, we analyze the dynamics of cosmological tensor modes in bimetric gravity on sub-horizon
scales and close to the general relativity limit. In this limit, the system has a
characteristic length scale L that is strictly contained within the comoving Hubble radius.
Thus, depending on the magnitude of the comoving wavelength λ relative to L, we identify
two regimes of interest where the system can be studied analytically: (i) deep sub-horizon modes
with λ ≪ L, whose dynamics can be studied using multiple scale analysis and are
characterized by small and slowly evolving super-imposed perturbations; (ii) sub-horizon modes
with λ ≫ L, where the dynamics is characterized by fast super-imposed oscillations that
can be studied using asymptotic techniques for highly oscillatory problems. Furthermore, our
analysis represents a substantial improvement compared to previous analyses based on a
generalization of the WKB method, which, as we show, is ill-suited to study the system at hand.
Inflation, superheavy metastable strings and gravitational waves in non-supersymmetric flipped SU(5)
Authors: Lazarides George , Maji Rinku , Moursy Ahmad , Shafi Qaisar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Motivated by the NANOGrav 15 year data and other recent investigations of stochastic gravitational background radiation based on pulsar timing arrays, we show how superheavy strings survive inflation but the slightly heavier monopoles do not in a non-supersymmetric hybrid inflation model based on flipped SU(5). With the dimensionless string tension parameter Gμ ∼ 10-6, the gravitational wave spectrum emitted by the strings, which are metastable due to breaking caused by monopole-antimonopole quantum mechanical tunneling, is compatible with the latest NANOGrav measurement as well as the advanced LIGO-VIRGO third run data. The string network undergoes about 30 e-foldings of inflation which suppresses the spectrum in the LIGO-VIRGO frequency range.
With the symmetry breaking chain SU(5)×U(1)
X
→ SU(3)
c
×SU(2)
L
×U(1)
Z
×U(1)
X
→ SU(3)
c
×SU(2)
L
×U(1)
Y
, the estimated proton lifetime is of order 1036-1037 yrs.
Four Late-type Galaxies with Double Radio Lobes and Properties of Such Galaxies
Authors: Yuan Z. S. , Gao X. Y. , Wen Z. L. , Han J. L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The triggering mechanism for radio lobes from late-type galaxies is not fully understood. More samples are desired for a thorough investigation and statistics. By utilizing the optical data from the newly released Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument imaging surveys and the radio sources from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey and the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeter, we identify four Late-type Galaxies with double Radio Lobes (LaGRLs): J0217−3645, J0947+6220, J1412+3723 and J1736+5108. Including previously known LaGRLs, we confirm the correlation between radio power P
1.4 GHz and stellar mass M
* of host galaxies. Most (25/35) LaGRLs belong to the blue cloud galaxies, while the newly identified cases in this work are located within the region of the red sequence. We find a clear correlation between the differential radio power, i.e., the offset from the P
1.4 GHz − M
* relation, and the galaxy color, indicating that bluer galaxies at a fixed M
* tend to host more powerful radio lobes. Furthermore, the majority (31/36) of LaGRLs are either located in a galaxy group or displaying a disturbed morphology. We suggest that all of the galaxy mass, color and surrounding environment could play important roles in triggering radio lobes in late-type galaxies.
Reliability run and data analysis of the accelerated aging of present and future electrolytic capacitors installed in the protection systems of superconducting magnets of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN
Authors: Guasch-Martínez J. , Carrillo D. , de Nicolás E. , Bjorkhaug E. , Nowak E. , Pojer M. , Rodríguez-Mateos F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study evaluates the lifetime and aging process of the aluminium electrolytic
capacitors to be used in the new protection systems of the High Luminosity LHC superconducting
magnets. The accelerated testing and analysis of several groups of capacitors aged for more than
one year provided insights into their expected lifespan and aging process. The results obtained
have practical implications for maintenance and replacement schedules, as well as for selection
and acceptance of capacitors for new Heater Discharge Power Supplies (HDS) equipment. The
knowledge gained from this study ensures the safety and reliability of the LHC and its electronic
components.
Test and characterization of SiPMs for the upgrade of MEGII high resolution Timing Counter
Authors: Rossella M. , Cattaneo P.W. , de Bari A. , Boca G. , Prata M.C. , de Vecchi C. , Boffelli F. , Nardò R. , Barnabà O. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The MEG II experiment based at PSI (Zuerich, Switzerland) has been committed and is taking data since 2021 to improve sensitivity on the decay μ+ → e+
γ. The pixelated Timing Counter (pTC), consisting of two arrays of 512 5 mm thick scintillator pixel each, read out by 6 3×3 mm2, 50 μm cell, Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) from AdvanSiD, for a total of 6144 SiPM, achieves an overall resolution in the positron impact time of ∼43 ps when exploiting multiple measurements. To additionally improve this resolution, 4×4 mm2, 40 μm cell SiPMs have been selected to substitute a fraction of the old ones (about 1000 of them overall). By means of an automated test system, a first group of them has been characterized (measuring their breakdown voltage and their I-V curves), to match as much as possible SiPMs with the same gains in each pixel, in order to maximize the pixel time resolution. Such automated test system will be presented, together with some preliminary results on single pixel time resolution and the expectations of the average time resolution of the pTC in the coming years.
Design validation of the CMS Phase-2 Triple-GEM detectors
Authors: Simone F.M. , Pellecchia A. , Verwilligen P. ,   the CMS Muon group
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The High-Luminosity LHC will deliver
proton-proton collisions at 5.0–7.5 times the nominal LHC luminosity, with an
expected number of 140–200 pp-interactions per bunch crossing. To maintain the performance of muon triggering and reconstruction under
high background, the forward part of the Muon spectrometer of the CMS
experiment will be upgraded with Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) and improved
Resistive Plate Chambers detectors. Particularly challenging is
the extension of the pseudorapidity of the muon system up to |η| < 2.8
with a 6-layer station, named ME0, that will be installed behind the new
high granularity calorimeter and that will see particle rates up to
150 kHz/cm2 and integrate a dose of 250 krad by the end of the High Luminosity phase of the LHC.
In this contribution we will present the major design changes of the Triple-GEM
detectors to adapt them for the harsh radiation environment and the high
particle rate. We shall summarize the performance of prototype Triple-GEM
detectors measured with X-rays and gamma at the
CERN GIF++ irradiation facility.
Compact silicon photonic Mach-Zehnder modulators for high-energy physics
Authors: Cammarata S. , Palla F. , Saponara S. , Di Pasquale F. , Velha P. , Faralli S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The characterization of compact non-traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulators for optical readout in high-energy physics experiments is reported to provide power-efficient alternatives to conventional traveling-wave devices and a more resilient operation compared to ring modulators. Electro-optical small-signal and large-signal measurements showcase the performances of custom NTW-MZMs designed and fabricated in iSiPP50G IMEC's technology in the framework of INFN's FALAPHEL project. Bit-error-rate results demonstrate their potential suitability for optical links up to 25 Gb/s when equipped with either conventional deep-etched or radiation-hardened shallow-etched free-carrier-based phase shifters.
Suppression of multipacting growth in a superconducting spoke resonator by the use of higher order modes
Authors: Ghosh Alok Kumar , Sista Vyaghri LS Rao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Multipacting is a vacuum discharge phenomenon that
constrains the performance of accelerator structures and various
microwave devices significantly. The different ways to mitigate
multipacting discharge have been a central research goal in
Accelerator Physics & Technologies for a prolonged period. In this
work, both Monte-Carlo and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations show
that the multipactor avalanche can be mitigated, by the use of
Higher Order Modes (HOMs). The intuition behind the approach of
using HOMs to suppress multipacting has been explained first. Then,
the multipacting suppression has been demonstrated in a simple 1-D
metallic gap, when it is exposed to a second carrier frequency in
addition to fundamental rf mode, with the help of a Monte-Carlo
simulation code. Finally, a detailed PIC simulation has been carried
out using CST Microwave studio, to investigate the effect of various
HOMs on the multipactor growth in a superconducting spoke cavity. It
is observed that a slight excitation of some particular modes can
drastically diminish the multipactor growth. Simulation has been
done first without any HOMs, to calculate the growth rate and also
to spot the discharge location. Next, among various HOMs (more
specifically, quadrupole modes), only those have been selected,
whose magnetic field locations coincide with the multipacting prone
zone of the cavity. In a simulation study, the presence of these
preselected quadrupole modes has been found to exhibit a substantial
suppression effect on the multipacting growth of the cavity.
A Managed Approach to On-Street Sex Working: Messages for Social Work Practice
Authors: Wood Kate 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Presently, there is limited research examining sex work and social work in the UK; however, the needs of sex workers often intersect with various areas of practice. This article sets out to enhance social work practice by drawing upon empirical findings from an Independent Review of the Managed Approach to On-Street Sex Working (2020) commissioned by the Safer Leeds Partnership. The Review evaluated the implementation of an approach to on-street sex work introduced in 2014, which established the parameters of on-street sex working in the city, including geographical boundaries and hours. Furthermore, it implemented a multi-agency response to managing problems or needs associated with its presence in the community. The Review of the Managed Approach employed a mixed-method approach that included sex workers, residents, businesses and professionals. However, this article will focus on thematically analysed qualitative data from semi-structured interviews conducted with sex workers and specialist agencies and focus groups with professionals working across a range of related fields. It will explore examples of good practice relevant to social work, whilst highlighting broader structural impediments that increase marginalisation for sex workers. In order to do so, it will draw upon the work of Butler (2006, 2009, 2020) to examine the data.
Immigration and The Short- and Long-Term Impact of Improved Prenatal Conditions
Authors: Lavy Victor , Schlosser Analia , Shany Adi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of immigration from a developing country to a developed country during pregnancy on offspring outcomes. We focus on intermediate- and long-term outcomes, using quasi-experimental variation created by the immigration of Ethiopian Jews to Israel in May 1991. Individuals conceived before immigration experienced dramatic changes in their environmental conditions at different stages of prenatal development depending on their gestational age at migration. We find that females whose mothers immigrated at an earlier gestational age have better educational outcomes. They also tend to work more as adults. In contrast, we do not find any effect among males.
Determinants of ethnic harassment among first- and second-generation immigrants in Europe
Authors: van Tubergen Frank , Kros Mathijs 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The topic of this study is the experiences of ethnic harassment (EH) among first- and second-generation immigrants in Europe. EH is defined as unwanted conduct related to racial or ethnic origin that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive environment. Previous research has shown that EH has a negative impact on the health, well-being, and integration of immigrants. However, little is known about which immigrants are more likely to experience EH. This study aims to fill this gap. We develop a theoretical framework for understanding EH and use it to generate hypotheses about individual-level characteristics. We test these hypotheses using data from the Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey and analyze the experiences of EH among 12,596 immigrants in 17 European countries. Largely in line with theoretical expectations, results from logistic regression models reveal that immigrants are more likely to experience EH if they are Muslim, wear religious clothing, are from the second generation, are higher educated, are proficient in the host-country language, and perceive themselves to be overqualified for their job and face more economic hardship.