bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Diltiazem on Experimental Intimal Thickening Caused by Common Carotid Artery Investment in Rabbits
Authors: Naito Michitaka , Asai Kanichi , Shibata Kazuaki , Kuzuya Masafumi , Funaki Chiaki , Kuzuya Fumio 
Published: November 2007

We studied the prophylactic effect of diltiazem on experimental arteriosclerosis caused by investing the common carotid artery of rabbit with a polyethylene tube for three weeks. The arteriosclerotic lesions consisted mainly of fibrocellular intimal thickening, which is similar to spontaneous arteriosclerosis in human beings. Diltiazem (100 mg/kg/day orally) suppressed the intimal thickening and the destruction of the internal elastic lamina but not significantly. This model might be suitable for simulation of human fibrocellular intimal thickening without hyperlipidemia and be useful for the estimation of antiarteriosclerotic effects of various drugs.
Experimental Study of the Interaction Between Aortic Grafts and the Intestine: Dacron vs PTFE
Authors: Cavallaro Antonino , Sciacca Vincenzo , Cisternino Silvestro , Di Marzo Luca , Mingoli Andrea , Gallo Piero , Alessi Giuseppe 
Published: November 2007

The interaction of vascular prostheses (Dacron and PTFE) and the intestine has been investigated in the beagle dog. The experimental conditions implied grafting of the abdominal aorta and apposition of the intestine onto the graft. The maximum follow-up was 150 days. Dacron manifested a constant trend toward penetration into the intestinal wall; PTFE remained almost unadherent to the intestine.
Revascularization Methods in Chronic Intestinal Ischemia—Case Studies
Authors: Borrero Edgar , Chang John B. 
Published: November 2007

Chronic intestinal ischemia is an uncommon disease clinically, usually due to advanced atherosclerotic stenosis or occlusion of the intestinal arteries without adequate collateral blood flow to the intestine. Standard aortography with lateral views remains the definitive diagnostic procedure. Revascularization by bypass to the celiac artery for one of its branches and the superior mesenteric artery with dacron graft is recommended to avoid infarction of the bowel and its catastrophic consequences. Six patients with chronic intestinal ischemia underwent successful revascu larization. All six intestinal artery bypasses were performed by use of knitted dacron grafts and/or autogenous vein grafts. There were no postoperative com plications or deaths. One patient has subsequently died, fourteen months after discharge, from a massive hemorrhage due to an aortoduodenal fistula. The 5 patients who were still alive are gaining weight, and none has required reopera tion for an occluded graft or has developed bowel necrosis.
Management of Vascular Complications Associated With Use of Intraaortic Balloon Counterpulsation
Authors: Sanfelippo Peter M. , Baker Norman H. , Ewy H. Gene , Moore Patrick J. , Thomas John W. , Brahos George J. , McVicker Robert F. 
Published: November 2007

Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) has become an accepted modal ity to assist the failing heart. An eleven-year experience in 637 patients with this modality was reviewed. Vascular complications occurred in 66 (10.4%). Female patients made up 27% of all IABP patients and 29 of the 66 IABP patients (44%) with vascular complications. Vascular complications were four times more frequent when IABP was accomplished percutaneously as contrasted with the use of a sidearm graft. The factors that predispose patients to vascular complications with IABP, the measures to decrease the incidence of these complications, and the manage ment of these complications to minimize loss of limb and/or life are discussed.
Angioscopy-Assisted Intraoperative Transluminal Angioplasty: Preliminary Report
Authors: Lai Shiau-Ting , Cheng Kwok-Kei 
Published: November 2007

Angioscopy as a guide for intraoperative transluminal angioplasty (ITA) was used in the treatment of 13 segmental arterial stenoses in 12 patients (10 men, 2 women). Ages ranged from fifty-eight to seventy-five years (mean: 68.33 ± 4.85). The authors successfully visualized vessels in 100% of the 12 patients, and 11 (92%) of the 12 arterial occlusive lesions were successfully dilated. Intraluminal anatomic and functional hemodynamic improvement was doc umented in all successful cases. The authors recommend angioscopy as a spe cific ancillary technique in certain cases of peripheral vascular disease during concomitant vascular surgery.
Atherosclerotic Narrowings of the Mesenteric Circulation
Authors: Plonka Andrzej J. , Tolloczko Tadeusz , Lipski Marek , Malanowska Sylwia , Adelman Martin H. , Williams James S. 
Published: November 2007

To study the incidence of atherosclerotic involvement of the mesenteric ar teries, autopsies were performed on 47 randomly chosen cadavers that were fifty years old or older. The study encompassed: (1) postmortem angiogram; (2) dissection and macroscopic assessment of the main vessels and any possible col laterals ; and (3) a microscopic grading of the cross-sectional area of the proxi mal 2 cm of the mesenteric arteries. There was a statistically significant preponderance of stenosis among males (83% vs females 67%). The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) had a higher incidence of narrowing (85%) than either the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) (72%) or the celiac artery (CA) (64%). High-grade stenosis (> 50% of the lumen involved) was most common in the IMA (28%), followed by the SMA (17%) and the CA (11%) . Despite a high incidence of stenosis, a retrospective review of patient charts did not reveal any convincing reports of abdominal complaints. Moreover, only 1 case had dilated collaterals.
Conservative Treatment of Polytetrafluoroethylene Grafts Infection
Authors: Joffe Boris , Mordechay Israel 
Published: November 2007

The treatment of infected syn thetic grafts presents a serious prob lem and there is no single approach to dealing with it. The authors report on 9 patients who developed infections following bypass operation with a synthetic graft. The infections appeared in var ious places but mainly in the groin. In 2 of the patients who suffered infec tions after implant of dacron grafts, the authors had to remove the graft and then perform an extraanatomic bypass, after conservative treatment had failed. Seven patients, in whom a prosthesis of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) had been implanted, were given conservative treatment that was very successful in dealing with the infection that developed in the wounds. The treatment included antibiot ics appropriate to the sensitivity of the bacteria, debridement of the wounds, local treatment with wound- cleansing powder and continual irri gation with povidone-iodine. The wounds in these patients healed spon taneously or with the help of second ary closure, and the implants re mained patent.
Elastase and Collagenase Activities in the Wall of the Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Samy Ahmed K. , Finlay Frank , MacBain Gordon 
Published: November 2007

Some patients with arteriosclerosis of the abdominal aorta develop occlusive lesions (group O) while others develop aneurysmal dilatation (group A). Defects in the tissue organization, possibly secondary to a familial factor, are demonstrated by enzyme imbalance in the aortic wall. The authors report their own experience in comparing elastase and collagenase activ ities between the two groups. Tissue from the aortic wall of 24 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for either aneurysmal (8 patients) or occlusive aortic disease (16 patients) was subjected to suitable biochemical assays. Four samples from group O were excluded because of low tissue weight and/or zero protein content. Aortic wall elastase was found to be significantly higher in group A than in group O. When expressed in nmol/gram tissue, the median elastase content in group A was 8.211 (range: 3.4078-14.2049) compared with 3.049 (range: 0-5.6359 of group O (P = 0.0030). This difference was still significant if it was expressed in nmol/gram protein, the comparable figures being 2.303 (range: 0.616-5.171) and 0.559 (0-1.345) respectively (P = 0.0018). On the other hand the authors were unable to confirm previous findings suggesting a variation in collagenase levels between the two groups either by using additive substrate (P = 0.3348) or by using endogenous substrate (P = 0.2170). This suggest that collagenase may not be implicated in the development of aneurysmal dilatation. Alternatively it may be tightly bound or inhibited in the aortic tissue protein matrix in such a way as to make measurement of its activity difficult, while still contributing to the pathological process. More refined techniques of detecting colla genase may therefore be required.
Reduced Morbidity and Mortality Following Carotid Endarterectomy: The Value of Preoperative Cardiac Screening
Authors: Carballo Richard E. , Freischlag Julie A. , Seabrook Gary R. , Cambria Robert A. , Towne Jonathan B. 
Published: November 2007

Carotid endarterectomy can be recommended for stroke prophylaxis when performed with low perioperative cardiac morbidity and mortality. In this study the authors evaluate the effectiveness of a cardiac screening protocol using dipyridamole-thallium scintig raphy to identify and treat coexistent coronary artery disease (CAD). The authors reviewed the medical records of 164 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy between 1988 and 1993 at the John L. Doyne Hospital and at the Zablocki Veterans Administration Hospital in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Results of the preop erative cardiac evaluations and the incidence of perioperative cardiac events were recorded. Forty patients without any evidence of cardiac disease by history or electrocardio gram went on to surgery without further screening. Eight patients underwent coronary catheterization without dipyridamole-thallium scan, owing to the severity of their cardiac symptoms. A cardiology consultation and dipyridamole-thallium scan were obtained preoperatively in the remaining 116 patients with a history of CAD. Of these 116 patients, 62 (53.4%) were diagnosed as normal. Thirty-five (30%) scans demonstrated reversible reperfusion defects, leading to preoperative coronary angiography in 17 patients and to cardiac revascularizations in 8. Nineteen (16.4%) scans demonstrated a fixed perfusion defect; 3 of these patients underwent coronary catheterization, leading to cardiac revas- cularization in 1 patient. Of 2 patients (1.7%) who suffered a postoperative myocardial infarction, 1 patient had a fixed perfusion defect and 1 was found to have a two-vessel disease on coronary catheterization. There were no perioperative deaths. In the follow- up period (15.9 months; range one to sixty), no cardiac deaths occurred. With this treatment algorithm using selective dipyridamole-thallium scan evaluation, perioperative and long-term cardiac morbidity and mortality can be minimized.
Is Complete Wound Healing a Valid Endpoint for Clinical Trials of Venous Stasis Ulcer Treatment?
Authors: Gorin Daniel R. , LaMorte Wayne W. , Barry Maryann , Scott Thayer , Menzoian James O. 
Published: November 2007

Complete wound healing is often used as an endpoint in clinical trials comparing different treatments of venous stasis ulcers. The authors have found, however, that determining exactly when a wound is completely healed is often difficult and quite subjective. Because of this concern, they undertook the following survey. Photographs of 46 venous stasis ulcers were classified by the authors as obviously healed (H, n=5), obviously not healed (NH, n=7), and ambiguous (Amb, n=34). Blinded reviewers were instructed to judge the wounds as if they were conducting a clinical trial, and were asked: (1) Is the wound healed? (yes/no/can't tell), and (2) If forced to decide yes or no for question 1, which would you choose? (yes/no). Forty-eight reviewers took part in the study: 29 physicians or nurse clinicians with a specialty in wound care (MD/RN) and 19 medical students (MS). When given the three options, they classified 17% of the wounds as "can't tell" (H 27%, NH 5%, Amb 17%). The percentage of reviewers disagreeing with the majority opinion was determined for each wound, when the reviewers were forced to choose either "healed" or "not healed." (The least amount of consensus would be 50% disagreement, with the reviewers split 50/50 on the classification. The greatest consensus would be 0% disagreement, with all reviewers agreeing.) The overall percentage of disagreement was 24%. The percentage of disagreement on Amb wounds was 29%, for H wounds 18%, and for NH wounds 7%. The results were similar when reviewed by MD/RN (Amb 25%, H 9%, NH 4%) or MS (Amb 27%, H 30%, NH 10%). There was >90% consensus for only 3% of Amb wounds (MD/RN 9%, MS 3%). The precise determination of complete wound healing is quite subjective and variable, even among observers with great experience in wound care. There is great potential to introduce bias into clinical trials that employ complete wound healing as an endpoint. It should, therefore, be used only with great caution.
Prognostic Factors of Chronic Upper Limb Ischemia and Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy
Authors: Onohara Toshihiro , Nakahashi Hisashi , Takahashi Ikuo , Nishizaki Takashi , Wakasugi Kenzo , Matsusaka Toshimitsu , Kume Kazuhiro , Fujinaga Yutaka 
Published: November 2007

Long-term results of chronic upper limb ischemia and related prognostic factors were evaluated. In addition, the efficacy of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy was examined. Thirty-one patients with chronic ischemic episodes of 41 upper limbs were reviewed retrospectively. The cause of ischemia included atherosclerosis in 18 limbs, Buerger's disease in 16 limbs, and other causes in seven limbs. Thoracic sympathectomy was under taken in 21 limbs, and bypass grafting was undertaken in five limbs. Fifteen limbs were not treated surgically. Of the 21 thoracic sympathectomies, the transthoracic approach was used in 12 and thoracoscopy was used in seven. In addition, an extrapleural approach was used in two cases because of dense pleural adhesion. Compared with open sympathectomy, the intraoperative blood loss, the duration of chest tube drainage, and the complication rate were significantly decreased in the endo scopic group. Recurrence rates for all 41 limbs were 14.5% at 1 year, 19.2% at 2 years, and 30.3% at 3 years. Univariate analysis revealed significantly lower recurrence rates for men, cases caused by Buerger's disease, and limbs without contralateral upper limb ischemia. Multivariate analysis also disclosed a significantly lower recurrence rate for limb ischemia caused by Buerger's disease. The cause of upper limb ischemia influenced the outcome. In cases of Buerger's disease, the recurrence rates were low, and thoracic sympathectomy was effective. Thoracoscopic sympathectomy was safe and less invasive than open sympathectomy and is a valid therapeutic option for treating upper limb ischemia.
The Role of Sse1 in the de Novo Formation and Variant Determination of the [PSI+] Prion
Authors: Fan Qing , Park Kyung-Won , Du Zhiqiang , Morano Kevin A , Li Liming 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Yeast prions are a group of non-Mendelian genetic elements transmitted as altered and self-propagating conformations. Extensive studies in the last decade have provided valuable information on the mechanisms responsible for yeast prion propagation. How yeast prions are formed de novo and what cellular factors are required for determining prion “strains” or variants—a single polypeptide capable of existing in multiple conformations to result in distinct heritable phenotypes—continue to defy our understanding. We report here that Sse1, the yeast ortholog of the mammalian heat-shock protein 110 (Hsp110) and a nucleotide exchange factor for Hsp70 proteins, plays an important role in regulating [PSI+] de novo formation and variant determination. Overproduction of the Sse1 chaperone dramatically enhanced [PSI+] formation whereas deletion of SSE1 severely inhibited it. Only an unstable weak [PSI+] variant was formed in SSE1 disrupted cells whereas [PSI+] variants ranging from very strong to very weak were formed in isogenic wild-type cells under identical conditions. Thus, Sse1 is essential for the generation of multiple [PSI+] variants. Mutational analysis further demonstrated that the physical association of Sse1 with Hsp70 but not the ATP hydrolysis activity of Sse1 is required for the formation of multiple [PSI+] variants. Our findings establish a novel role for Sse1 in [PSI+] de novo formation and variant determination, implying that the mammalian Hsp110 may likewise be involved in the etiology of protein-folding diseases.
Expression of the Drosophila melanogaster GADD45 Homolog (CG11086) Affects Egg Asymmetric Development That Is Mediated by the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Pathway
Authors: Peretz Gabriella , Bakhrat Anna , Abdu Uri 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The mammalian GADD45 (growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible) gene family is composed of three highly homologous small, acidic, nuclear proteins: GADD45α, GADD45β, and GADD45γ. GADD45 proteins are involved in important processes such as regulation of DNA repair, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster genome revealed that it contains a single GADD45-like protein (CG11086; D-GADD45). We found that, as its mammalian homologs, D-GADD45 is a nuclear protein; however, D-GADD45 expression is not elevated following exposure to genotoxic and nongenotoxic agents in Schneider cells and in adult flies. We showed that the D-GADD45 transcript increased following immune response activation, consistent with previous microarray findings. Since upregulation of GADD45 proteins has been characterized as an important cellular response to genotoxic and nongenotoxic agents, we aimed to characterize the effect of D-GADD45 overexpression on D. melanogaster development. Overexpression of D-GADD45 in various tissues led to different phenotypic responses. Specifically, in the somatic follicle cells overexpression caused apoptosis, while overexpression in the germline affected the dorsal–ventral polarity of the eggshell and disrupted the localization of anterior–posterior polarity determinants. In this article we focused on the role of D-GADD45 overexpression in the germline and found that D-GADD45 caused dorsalization of the eggshell. Since mammalian GADD45 proteins are activators of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, we tested for a genetic interaction in D. melanogaster. We found that eggshell polarity defects caused by D-GADD45 overexpression were dominantly suppressed by mutations in the JNK pathway, suggesting that the JNK pathway has a novel, D-GADD45-mediated, function in the Drosophila germline.
Primitifs, métaphore et grammaire : les divers emplois de venir et aller
Authors: Bouchard Denis 
Published: November 2007

D. Bouchard
A single abstract representation of the meaning of each of the two polysemous verbs aller and venir can cover all of their uses. They are not movement verbs from which the other uses are derived since movement is a notion derived from referential properties of the arguments, hence from factors outside of grammar. The abstract semantic representations interact with the vast amount of knowledge shared by speakers, knowledge which should not be present in semantic representations since it is redundant and clutters the grammar.
Rôle de l'argot dans la variation et l'appropriation : le cas du français au Burkina Faso
Authors: Prignitz Gisèle 
Published: November 2007

Gisèle Prignitz : « Slang as factor of linguistic variation and appropriation : the case of French in Burkina Faso »
The aim of this paper is to study the capacity of integration of slang into the common lexicon within an african context. The existence of a lexical continuum being here taken for granted along with the impossibility to strictly distinguish between registers, the following points will be examined :
a) a typology of the formation processes of slang terms (« argotic » words)
b) a diachronic approach of their use.
Slang will eventually prove to be accelerate the creation of neologisms as linguistic grafts. Rather than a symptom of the insufficient knowledge of standard language, slang should be considered as a sign of its actual appropriation and of tis possible evolution towards a regional French.
Appropriation et syntaxe du français écrit dans la presse de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) : préposition, rection, pronoms
Authors: Gandon Francis-Marie 
Published: November 2007

Francis-Marie Gandon : « Appropriation et syntaxe du français écrit au Burkina Faso : prépositions, rection, pronoms »
This paper tries to estimate syntactic distinctive features of written French in Burkinabe newspapers. The « language » thus described — at least its tendancies — appears as a combinative of conceptual undelying datas, looking, somehoww, like the classical stage of French. The use of French is the use of a new tool, not marked by historical characterizations.
Le traitement des variantes graphiques dans les Dictionnaires La rousse et spécifiquement dans le Petit Larousse Illustré
Authors: Petit Gérard 
Published: November 2007

G. Petit : The Treatment of Orthographical Variants in Larousse Dictionaries, and more particularly in the Petit Larousse
Spelling variation in dictionaries is both a representation and a construction. It is a representation of the hesitations of language when an oral signifier has to be put into a written form, and also of the fluctuations that the comprehension of a stereotype can bring about in the morphosyntax of an item. It is a construction because it stems from decisions concerning the arrangement of lexical items. In this way, variation should be read at a high level (the different forms proposed and their corollaries), but also at a low level (the neutralisations brought about by the arrangement of the article).
La réception de mots anglais dans les journaux français : l'application de quelques principes d'harmonisation graphique
Authors: Biedermann-Pasques Liselotte , Humbley John 
Published: November 2007

L. Bidermann-pasques, J. Humbley : The Reception of English words in the French Press : Propositions for the Harmonisation of English loan-words
The use of foreign words in a French text raises problems, some of which involve spelling. Not all foreign words that appear in newspapers will necessarily become part of the language : far from it. However, they do pose problems for spelling that must be dealt with. From a corpus of neologisms, we examine the reception of various English words as used in a Parisian daily paper, and the problems they pose for French-speaking journalists and correctors. Then, taking as a model English loan words already present in French dictionaries, and examining the main tendencies and principles of the French orthographic system, we propose a number of solutions that could be adopted for the spelling of these words.
Réflexions sur une initiative politique touchant l'orthographe
Authors: Encrevé Pierre 
Published: November 2007

P. Encrevé : On a Political Initiative Concerning Orthography
In 1989-1990, an attempt to introduce more regular spelling forms was carried out at the request of the Prime Minister. The way in which this was done was quite new. The immediate results seemed to indicate that the enterprise had been a failure ; however, five years later, we would rather the tempted to interpret it as a success. Was the reform carried out in the right way, or were mistakes made ? Is there any further scope for this kind of action, which saw the collaboration of political authorities, linguists, and the Académie française ? And what about the establishment of a committee for the harmonisation of dictionaries ?