bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spotlight on Controversy in Black Crime in America
Authors: Xin Jueru , An Xin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The issue of crime within African American communities in the United States is both longstanding and multifaceted, attracting widespread attention and generating significant debate. This paper navigates through the complexities of this issue, critically examining diverse perspectives and contributing our analysis from three key dimensions. We explore the historical context of the War on Drugs and its disproportionate impact on African Americans, including the subsequent rise in mass incarceration. Additionally, we investigate the influence of mass incarceration on violent crime rates and the cultural phenomenon of the “Code of the Street” in African American neighborhoods. Furthermore, we argue for developing a distinct African American criminology to provide a more nuanced understanding of these issues. Our analysis goes beyond identifying structural disadvantages faced by African Americans, proposing a vision for resilience and moral resurgence amidst adversity.
A Study of the Ethics of Contemporary American Women’s Cinema
Authors: Gao Weihua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As one of the essential mediums of global cultural communication, American films, especially those involving women’s themes, have played a key role in shaping and transmitting women’s images and ethical concepts. The diversity of women’s roles and deep-seated emotions in contemporary American films with women’s themes is reflected in changes in society’s understanding of women’s status and rights. This paper aims to examine the impact of ethical views presented in contemporary American female-themed films on society and the audience. By collecting and analyzing popular American female-themed films in recent years, it explores ethical issues and the portrayal of women in the movie. Of the 100 films studied, more than 60% present a strong ethical tendency towards female self-identification and autonomous choice, with 40% showing a clear tendency towards gender equality and anti-discrimination. We find that the images of resilience and independence shown by female characters in movies in the face of difficulties and challenges have positively impacted the values and behavioral patterns of predominantly female audiences. Contemporary American women’s films not only reflect the current social concern and exploration of women’s issues, but also promote the public’s awareness of gender equality and women’s rights through the portrayal of diversified and profound women’s images, and provide an essential perspective for the promotion of social progress and the development of cultural pluralism.
Interactive design and promotion of virtual experience of non-heritage culture
Authors: Zhao Xi , Duan Shenghua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the context of rapid technological development, the digital transformation of non-heritage culture is significant, which not only helps to protect and inherit, but also attracts more audiences through innovative ways. This study explores non-heritage cultures’ virtual experience interaction design and promotion methods. It investigates the optimization of digital revitalization and interaction design of non-heritage handicrafts with deep learning oversampling techniques to enhance user experience and promote cultural dissemination. After effective screening, 400 valid samples were obtained after collecting 450 questionnaires during the experiment. The interaction design of non-heritage virtual experiences optimized with deep learning technology can significantly improve users’ knowledge and interest in non-heritage culture. The correct rate of participants’ cognition of NRL cultural content increased to more than 95% on average after the experience, in which the proper rate of cognition of plant elements and arrangement forms was as high as 98.9%. The study found that the community interaction function plays a significant role in improving user satisfaction. Deep learning oversampling technology has a substantial effect on the virtual interaction design of non-heritage culture, which can effectively promote the living inheritance and promotion of non-heritage culture.
Familiness in Building the Brand Image of Family Businesses through Social Media
Authors: Ignatowski Grzegorz , Stopczyński Bartłomiej , Sułkowski Łukasz 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
The subject of this article is the marketing aspect of familiness related to building the image of a family business brand. The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of familiness in the activities connected with building the brand image of small and medium-sized family businesses.

Methodology
Qualitative and quantitative methods have been included in the conducted research.

Findings
The research has shown that Facebook is used by the vast majority of companies. This research has also demonstrated that a large percentage of companies do not emphasize the familiness of their company in their activities on social media. This is surprising because the analysis of the literature shows that emphasizing the family character brings definitely more benefits than risks.

Value Added
This article presents a research of how family-owned companies use familiness in the brand image. The results of the research can be used to guide companies on how to use familiness in their social media marketing campaigns.

Recommendations
It is recommended that family businesses make greater use of the potential of their family strengths. It would be advisable to conduct research explaining why the family nature of companies is so rarely emphasized in social media activities. We also suggest conducting similar research in other countries, which would allow for more general conclusions and capture cross-cultural differences.
The Concept of Public Trust-Based Leadership – An Outline
Authors: Kożuch Barbara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
The issue of trust in leading public organisations continues to inspire growing confidence among management researchers and practitioners. The characteristics and organisational behaviour of leaders are analysed from various angles. The subject of the research is one of the newer approaches, namely trustbased leadership (TBL). The aim of this paper is to identify characteristics and the roles of public trust-based leadership (PTBL). This is the type of leadership that most fully incorporates trust as the basis of organisational behaviour in vertical and horizontal relationships and consequently as organisational cooperation.

Methodology
The primary methods used in this article are a critical review of research on organisational trust, leadership and public trust contained in the academic literature and in surveys of trust in leadership conducted in recent years by consultancies and made available on line.

Findings
The study confirmed that an inalienable role of leaders is to shape their own organisational credibility in both internal and external relations. Achieving a high level of this credibility allows to earn trust.

Value Added
Demonstrating that a key differentiator of the trust-based leadership concept is that TBL is centring trust-based relationships throughout the entire organisation.

Recommendations
Further research on trust-based public leadership should support its presence in contemporary organisations.
Financial Education and Banking Inclusion during the Pandemic Period
Authors: Kuchciak Iwa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this publication is to present the importance of financial education as it relates to influencing the level of banking inclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic. The individual sections of the article will characterize financial education as a driving force for improving financial literacy and highlight the link between financial literacy and the level and extent of use of financial products. The paper will consider the current situation on the financial markets, which is characterized by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology
The first part of this paper is based on the systematic literature review, including scientific papers related to financial education, derived from the Web of Science databases, mapping analysis and bibliographic coupling using the Voswiever. The second part presents the results collected through an interview designed and disseminated to a sample of banking advisors.

Findings
The majority of interviewees encountered the concept of banking exclusion/inclusion, and in terms of characteristics that predispose one to remain excluded, advisors emphasized economic considerations. In various extracts from the interviews, banking advisors emphasized the importance of addressing the ability to afford banking services, their innovativeness, as well as understanding how banking products work, the benefits of entering into a relationship with a bank, and the prudent use of banking products on the basis of financial literacy.

Value Added
The value added is a multi-approach that combines the theoretical aspects of financial exclusion and financial literacy with the actual opinions of banking advisors.

Recommendations
Increased financial education is needed due to the complexity of financial products and their dynamic changes. The increased frequency and scope of use of financial products has increased the risk of cyber-attacks, against which financial literacy and risk awareness are needed. The development of modern technology in banking has increased the risk of banking exclusion for the digitally excluded. Financially well-educated consumers are more likely to be included in the banking system, as they are better able to understand and use financial information to make financial decisions, and to choose products and services that are more appropriate to their needs and risk profile.
Migration of health workers: key findings from Romania
Authors: Boboc Cristina , Ghiță Simona Ioana , Vasile Valentina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The migration of medical staff results in the diminution of human resources in the health sector, undermining the capacity of developing countries' health systems to provide medical services equitably. Various factors, such as economic, professional, political, social, or personal considerations, contribute to the decision of health workers to emigrate. This paper's primary objective is to analyze the prevailing trends in the migration flows and stocks of physicians and nurses, with a focus on identifying the principal pull factors of migration. The preferred destination countries for Romanian health professionals include the UK, Germany, France, and Italy. Notably, Germany stands out as a leader in health care professionals' migration flows, characterized by two distinct migration periods: the first featuring exceptionally high levels of physician migration and the second marked by increasing levels of nurses' migration. Through panel data regression analysis, we have established that the pull factors for physicians differ from those for nurses. For physicians, the presence of a Romanian community of health professionals in the destination countries is crucial, whereas for nurses, the development level of the destination country holds top importance.
Effects on of Blended Biodiesel and Heavy Oil on Engine Combustion and Black Carbon Emissions of a Low-Speed Two-Stroke Engine
Authors: Wei Cunfeng , Jiang Guohe , Wu Gang , Zhou Yu , Liu Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The effects of heavy fuel oil and biodiesel blends on engine combustion and emissions were studied in a marine two-stroke diesel engine. The engine was operated under propeller conditions using five different fuels with biodiesel blends of 10% (B10), 30% (B30), 50% (B50), and sulphur contents of 0.467% low sulphur fuel oil (LSFO) and 2.9% high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO). Tests have shown that using a biodiesel blend increases the engine fuel consumption due to its lower calorific value. Heavy fuel oil has a high Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) content, which leads to higher exhaust temperatures due to severe afterburning in the engine. A comparison of engine soot emissions under different fuel conditions was carried out, and it was found that the oxygen content in biodiesel promoted the oxidation of soot particles during the combustion process, which reduced the soot emissions of biodiesel. Compared to HSFO, B10, B30, B50 and LSFO, the soot emission concentrations were reduced by 50.2%, 56.4%, 61% and 37.4%, respectively. In our experiments, the soot particles in the engine exhaust were sampled with a thermal float probe. Using Raman spectroscopy analysis, it was found that as the biodiesel ratio increased, the degree of carbonisation of the soot particles in the exhaust became less than that in the oxygenation process, resulting in a decrease in the degree of graphitisation.
Fault Diagnosis of Imbalance and Misalignment in Rotor-Bearing Systems Using Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Fayou , Li Weijia , Wu Yaozhong , He Yuhang , Li Tianyun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rotor-bearing systems are important components of rotating machinery and transmission systems, and imbalance and misalignment are inevitable in such systems. At present, the main challenges faced by state-of-the-art fault diagnosis methods involve the extraction of fault features under strong background noise and the classification of different fault modes. In this paper, a fault diagnosis method based on an improved deep residual shrinkage network (IDRSN) is proposed with the aim of achieving end-to-end fault diagnosis of a rotor-bearing system. First, a method called wavelet threshold denoising and variational mode decomposition (WTD-VMD) is proposed, which can process original noisy signals into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with a salient feature. These one-dimensional IMFs are then transformed into two-dimensional images using a Gramian angular field (GAF) to give datasets for the deep residual shrinkage network (DRSN), which can achieve high levels of accuracy under strong background noise. Finally, a comprehensive test platform for a rotor-bearing system is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in the field. The true test accuracy of the model at a 95% confidence interval is found to range from 84.09% to 86.51%. The proposed model exhibits good robustness when dealing with noisy samples and gives the best classification results for fault diagnosis under misalignment, with a test accuracy of 100%. It also achieves a higher testing accuracy compared to fault diagnosis methods based on convolutional neural networks and deep residual networks without improvement. In summary, IDRSN has significant value for deep learning engineering applications involving the fault diagnosis of rotor-bearing systems.
Approximate Estimation of Man-Day in Ship Block Production: A Two-Stage Stochastic Program
Authors: Genç Yusuf , Kafali Mustafa , Çelebi Uğur Buğra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is critical to estimate the workforce requirements for the production of blocks in shipbuilding. In this study, the number of workforce (man-day) required for the production of a passenger ship’s double bottom block was estimated. Initially, the production of the block was observed, and the average working performance of the mounting, welding, and grinding workers was recorded. Block drawings were examined and the work required was calculated. The amount of work increased, depending on any revisions required due to incorrect or incomplete designs. The average working performance of an employee is uncertain due to environmental factors, including the weather and working conditions, as well as health (both physical and mental). A two-stage stochastic programming model with recourse was established to estimate man-day required and a Sample Average Approximation (SAA) technique was used to obtain a near-optimum solution. The results of the study were compared with shipyard records and an agreement of approximately 90% was achieved.
Prognostic factors for overall survival and safety of trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with irinotecan-loaded drug-eluting beads (DEBIRI) in patients with colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Sljivic Maja , Sever Masa , Ocvirk Janja , Mesti Tanja , Brecelj Erik , Popovic Peter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Transarterial chemoembolisation with irinotecan-loaded drug-eluting beads (DEBIRI TACE) can be considered in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) who progress after all approved standard therapies or in patients unsuitable for systemic therapy.

Patients and methods
Between September 2010 and March 2020, thirty patients (22 men and 8 women; mean age 66.8 ± 13.2) were included in this retrospective study. DEBIRI TACE was conducted in 43% of patients unsuitable for systemic therapy as a first-line treatment and 57% as salvage therapy after the progression of systemic therapy. All the patients had liver-limited disease. In the case of unilobar disease, two treatments were performed at four-week intervals, and in the case of bilobar disease, four treatments were performed at two-week intervals. All patients were premedicated and monitored after the procedure. Adverse events were graded according to the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) classification system for complications.

Results
The median overall survival (OS) from the beginning of DEBIRI TACE in the salvage group was 17.4 months; in the group without prior systemic therapy, it was 21.6 months. The median overall survival of all patients was 17.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.0–24.7 months), and progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.2 months (95% CI: 0.9–7.4 months). The one-year survival rate after the procedure was 61%, and the two-year rate was 25%. Univariate analysis showed better survival of patients with four or fewer liver metastases (p = 0.002). There were no treatment-related deaths or grade 4 and 5 adverse events. Nonserious adverse events (Grades 1 and 2) were present in 53% of patients, and Grade 3 adverse events were present in 6% of the patients.

Conclusions
DEBIRI TACE is a well-tolerated treatment option for patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Patients with four or fewer liver metastases correlated with better survival.
Antimicrobial Activity of Geobacillus thermoleovorans Ir1 Active Compounds against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Mahdi Mayaada S. , Ibrahim Hiba K. , Al-ugaili Dhafar N. 
Published: March 2024

It is necessary to follow new strategies for the isolation of bacteria with unique characteristics from novel sources during the search for new antimicrobial compounds. Geobacillus thermoleovorans strain Ir1 (JQ912239), a novel thermophilic bacterium, which was isolated from soil in Iraq (Basrah and Baghdad) showed a good ability to utilize hydrocarbon compounds. This study objective was to demonstrate G. thermoleovorans Ir1 potential antibacterial capabilities. The ability of the spore-forming bacterium G. thermoleovorans Ir1 to produce antimicrobial bioactive compounds that affects two pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. The zones of inhibition were 16 mm and 15mm respectively. Extracted bioactive compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The results showed that this strain inhibited the growth of the tested bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of the strain might be due to the combination between formamide and 2, 2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-butane compounds as prodrugs by comparing the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the pure and mixed extracts.. Moreover, the filtrate of the thermophilic G. thermoleovorans Ir1 was examined for inhibition of biofilms formed by pathogenic bacteria, the results showed that the filtrate was able to inhibit the biofilms of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. subtillus, K. pneumonia, and E. coli.. The results of this study are the first to record the the production of these bioactive substances by the thermophilic G. thermoleovorans Ir1 at 65°C.
Pure-Hollow Modules and Pure-Lifting Modules
Authors: Ahmed Khawla , Al. Mothafar Nuhad S. 
Published: March 2024

Let be a commutative ring with identity, and be a unitary left R-module. In this paper we, introduce and study a new class of modules called pure hollow (Pr-hollow) and pure-lifting (Pr-lifting). We give a fundamental, properties of these concept. also, we, introduce some conditions under which the quotient and direct sum of Pr-lifting modules is Pr-lifting.
Behavioral and Biochemical Variations in Unio tigridis After Exposure to Lead Nitrate
Authors: Hanna Nihal S. , Shekha Yahya A. 
Published: March 2024

This study was carried out with the freshwater mussel Unio tigridis exposed to lead nitrate. The samples of water and mussels were collected from Qandil water resources situated in Qandil village at 36° 37' 39.55" north latitude and 44° 10' 51.80" east longitude, and it is 322 meters above sea level. In January 2022, rivers and aquariums water were tested for temperature, pH, EC, TDS, DO, total alkalinity, total hardness, and calcium and magnesium ions. Studied organisms were exposed to variable concentrations of lead nitrate ranging from 0 to 900 ppm. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) was measured and a comparison was made between the behavioural responses of the control and treatment groups. Also, the concentrations of lead in the experimental media, shell, and soft tissue of mussels were measured. A sample of mussels collected from aquarium was tested for biochemical markers, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA). After 96 hours, the LC50 was estimated to be 782.7 ppm. The findings on behaviours revealed that lead slows down species' activities. Lead concentratiom increased within the mussel body as the water lead level decreased. The value of AChE was inversely related to lead concentration. However, GST, CAT and MDA increased with lead exposure.