bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mimicking Pain Conditioning Using an Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Synaptic Transistor
Authors: Xu Zhihua , Chen Guobing , Chen Shaobo , Xu Huihua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPain‐perceptual Nociceptors (PPNs) in the biological sensory system are critical for the human body to perceive noxious stimuli from the outside world and start appropriate motor responses to minimize potential physical damage. Realization artificial nociceptors with unique synaptic and pain‐perceptual functions of the human nervous system is a key step to develop the next‐generation artificial intelligence systems. Here, an artificial pain‐perceptual device based on an ionic liquid‐polymer solid‐state electrolyte‐gated poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) transistor is reported. With the drift motion of mobile ions in the electrolyte layer and the formation of an electric double layer (EDL) at electrolyte/semiconductor interface under an applied electric field, the channel conductance can be tuned progressively to exhibit synaptic weight modulation function. On top of the artificial synaptic functions, the P3HT/electrolyte‐based transistor successfully emulates the pain‐perception process in a biological nociceptor, with all unique features of threshold, no adaptation, sensitization/desensitization, and relaxation. Moreover, the pain conditioning process (i.e., hyperalgesic response, and pain extinction effect) through associative learning is demonstrated using the artificial synaptic transistor, indicating its potential application in bio‐inspired neural systems.
Broadband Mode Division Multiplexing of OAM‐Modes by a Micro Printed Waveguide Structure
Authors: Schulz Julian , von Freymann Georg 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA light beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) is characterized by a helical phase‐front that winds around the center of the beam. These beams have unique properties that have found numerous applications. In the field of data transmission, they represent a degree of freedom that could potentially increase capacity. While an efficient method for (de)composing beams based on their OAM exists for free‐space optics, a device capable of performing this (de)composition in an integrated, compact fiber application without the use of external active optical elements and for multiple OAM modes and multiple wavelengths simultaneously has not been reported. In this study, two mechanisms are combined in a waveguide structure to demonstrate as a proof of principle that this can serve as a broadband fiber OAM (de)multiplexer. The structure design is based on the adiabatic principle used in photonic lanterns for highly efficient conversion of spatially separated single modes into eigenmodes of a few‐mode fiber. In addition, an artificial magnetic field is introduced by twisting the structure, which removes the degeneracy between modes having the same absolute OAM. This structure could simplify, stabilize, and miniaturize the creation or decomposition of OAM beams, making them useful for various applications.
Unveiling Polymorphs and Polytypes of the 2D Layered Semiconducting Gallium Monosulfide
Authors: Gutiérrez Yael , Agresti Filippo , Juan Dilson , Dicorato Stefano , Giangregorio Maria Michela , Moreno Fernando , García‐Fernández Pablo , Junquera Javier , Armelao Lidia , Losurdo Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolymorphism is gaining attention among van der Waals layered materials. In the case of gallium monosulfide, a hexagonal phase has predominantly been reported. Here the successful growth of rhombohedral gallium sulfide (GaS) with space group on sapphire substrates using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is presented. Crystallographic analysis reveals that the CVD GaS has preferred 𝑐‐axis orientation, low microstrain and moderate mosaicity. A combined approach of X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements with first principles calculations is used to determine phononic and photonic properties of the rhombohedral GaS with direct band gap of 2.55 eV and near‐blue light emission at room temperature. These results pave the way to novel applications in optoelectronics and photonics, particularly for development of efficient light‐emitting devices such as LEDs or lasers, quantum dots, photodetectors, and integrated photonic circuits.
Deep Neural Operator Enabled Concurrent Multitask Design for Multifunctional Metamaterials Under Heterogeneous Fields
Authors: Lee Doksoo , Zhang Lu , Yu Yue , Chen Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMultifunctional metamaterials (MMM) bear promise as next‐generation material platforms supporting miniaturization and customization. Despite many proof‐of‐concept demonstrations and the proliferation of deep learning assisted design, grand challenges of inverse design for MMM, especially those involving heterogeneous fields possibly subject to either mutual meta‐atom coupling or long‐range interactions, remain largely under‐explored. To this end, a data‐driven design framework is presented, which streamlines the inverse design of MMMs involving heterogeneous fields. A core enabler is implicit Fourier neural operator (IFNO), which predicts heterogeneous fields distributed across a metamaterial array, thus in general at odds with homogenization assumptions. Additionally, a standard formulation of inverse problem covering a broad class of MMMs is presented, together with gradient‐based multitask concurrent optimization identifying a set of Pareto‐optimal architecture‐stimulus (A‐S) pairs. Fourier multiclass blending is proposed to synthesize inter‐class meta‐atoms anchored on a set of geometric motifs, while enjoying training‐free dimension reduction and built‐it reconstruction. Interlocking the three pillars, the framework is validated for light‐by‐light programmable nanoantenna, whose design involves vast space jointly spanned by quasi‐freeform supercells, maneuverable incident phase distributions, and conflicting figure‐of‐merits (FoM) involving on‐demand localization patterns. Accommodating all the challenges, the framework can propel future advancements of MMM.
Enhancing the Luminescence Efficiency of Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Constructing Platinum(II) Complexes with a Functionalized Tetradentate Ligand
Authors: Ryu Chan Hee , Jo Unhyeok , Shin Ilsup , Kim Mingi , Cheong Kiun , Bin Jong‐Kwan , Lee Jun Yeob , Lee Kang Mun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEfficient, electrochemically stable blue phosphors are essential for advancing the organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) industry. Specifically, the characteristics of these phosphors must be further refined to realize commercially viable OLED devices with high stability, efficiency, and color purity. To that end, a new simple molecular design approach is devised in this study for synthesizing tetradentate‐ligand‐based Pt(II) complexes exhibiting intense blue emission. Essentially, novel Pt(II) complexes Pt3 and Pt4 are prepared by introducing the tert‐butyl and cyano groups to the ligand of previously reported highly stable, efficient Pt(II) complexes for preventing molecular aggregation and regulating the frontier levels, respectively, and then fully characterized. Both complexes display a blue emission band in solution and solid states with remarkably low full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum values. Additionally, multilayer phosphorescent OLEDs are fabricated using Pt3 or Pt4 as emitters and SiCzCz/SiTrzCz2 as a mixed‐host system. The devices demonstrate outstanding performance parameters, such as higher efficiencies than those of the devices containing the previously reported Pt(II) complexes and good color purity (CIEy ≈ 0.18). These findings suggest that the molecular design approach employed in this study for creating tetradentate‐ligand‐based Pt(II) blue phosphors is effective and can potentially expedite the commercialization of blue phosphorescent emitters in the OLED industry.
A Steric Interlocked Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complex Toward Ultrapure Green Electroluminescence
Authors: Yan Zhiping , Wang Zhiheng , Zhuang Xuming , Li Zhiqiang , Kai Congcong , Song Xiaoxian , Liang Jie , Bi Hai , Wang Yue 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of phosphorescent materials with ultrapure emission is of great significance for wide‐color‐gamut organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, a ligand steric interlocking strategy is introduced to achieve the narrowband emission of phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes. The steric interlocking effect contributed by the short distance between ligands leads to enhanced rigidity, and suppresses the high‐frequency vibrations of oICz‐Ir. In this context, oICz‐Ir exhibits an ultrapure green phosphorescence with a small full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 23 nm peaking at 521 nm in solution. Furthermore, the oICz‐Ir‐based OLED achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 18.9%, an excellent color purity with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinate y (CIEy) of 0.69, making it the purest green bottom‐emitting phosphorescent OLEDs. Meanwhile, with oICz‐Ir as the sensitizer, a phosphorescence sensitized fluorescent OLED shows an excellent EQEmax of 31.1% with the CIEy of 0.7.
Rational Molecular Design via Cyanobenzene Integration for Constructing Efficient Yellow‐Orange Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Kothavale Shantaram , Lim Junseop , Konidena Rajendra Kumar , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeveloping efficient long‐wavelength thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters is a challenging issue due to inherent limitations of the energy‐gap law. In this contribution, a new molecular design of cyanobenzene‐decorated quinoxaline acceptor, combining two or four cyanobenzene acceptors and a rigid carbazole donor, is successfully utilized to construct long‐wavelength TADF emitters (tCzQx2CN and tCzQx4CN). The two additional cyanobenzene units at the 5‐ and 8‐positions of the quinoxaline acceptor are presumed to interlock the molecular rotations and improve the acceptor strength. Compared with tCzQx2CN, tCzQx4CN exhibits orange‐red emission with a considerable bathochromic shift (>35 nm), as expected. Owing to its enhanced charge transfer and well‐separated highest‐occupied and lowest‐unoccupied molecular orbitals, tCzQx4CN exhibits reduced singlet‐triplet energy splitting and improves reverse intersystem crossing. An organic light–emitting diode (OLED) of tCzQx4CN manifestes bright orange‐red emission (λEL ≈581 nm), a superior external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ≈23.7% (compared with that of tCzQx2CN), and a satisfactory operational lifetime. Furthermore, a tCzQx4CN‐sensitized red‐hyperfluorescent OLED device exhibits excellent performance with an EQE of 16.0% and a CIE(x,y) of (0.62, 0.37). This design would potentially pave the way for constructing red/deep‐red TADF emitters by using a diverse combination of donor/acceptor units.
Mn4+, Cr3+ Co‐doped K2LiGaF6 Phosphors with Bright Near‐Infrared Luminescence
Authors: Li Yan , Zuo Jiaxing , Zheng Tao , Yang Shan , He Peihua , Zhang Jiacheng , Liu Songbin , Yang Fengli , Peng Jiaqing , Ye Xinyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, Cr3+‐doped and Mn4+‐Cr3+ co‐doped double perovskite fluoride phosphors K2LiGaF6 are prepared using a simple hydrothermal method. High‐efficiency near‐infrared (NIR) emission near 762 nm is obtained under blue‐light excitation, and the co‐doping effect of Mn4+ on the NIR luminescence properties of Cr3+ is studied. Compared with the Cr3+ single‐doped phosphor, Mn4+, and Cr3+ co‐doped K2LiGaF6 exhibit a sharp increase of 129% in NIR emission, an enhancement in the internal quantum efficiency from 82.5% to 90.0%, and an enhancement in the thermal stability at 425 K from 85.0% to 90.7%. The encapsulated NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode device at 300 mA exhibits a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 15.3%. These values exceed most previously reported results. This study provides a new approach for enhancing the luminescence properties of Cr3+‐doped fluoride NIR phosphors.
Dual Mode Optoelectronic Devices Based on 2D Single Crystalline VO2 Films with Controlled Metallic Domain Regime Induced Variable Hysteresis
Authors: Jeong Sumin , Shin Ki Hoon , Kim Eunmin , Hong Woong‐Ki , Sohn Jung Inn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe multimode optoelectronic operation in a single component device is an attractive design strategy for future optoelectronics, which demands unique and complex multifunction. Here, a novel dual‐mode optoelectronic device with both memory and switching functionalities by utilizing alternating metallic stripe domain regime‐induced controllable hysteresis of two dimensional (2D)‐crystalline VO2 films is reported. It is found that the formation and disappearance of tensile strain‐induced metallic stripe domain arrays are susceptible to temperature‐induced thermal energy, allowing controllable hysteresis in electric field‐induced metal‐insulator transition (E‐MIT) by tuning the total region of aligned metallic stripe domains within the VO2 films through current flow‐induced thermal energy. Based on the tunable hysteresis in E‐MIT, the 2D‐crystalline VO2 film‐based device exhibits successful multimode optoelectronic memory and switching operations. The device with a large hysteresis width exhibits high‐performance optoelectronic memory behavior with a high on/off ratio of up to ≈55% and a long retention time over 5000 s response to a light pulse optically triggering MIT. On the other hand, the 2D‐crystalline VO2 film device with a narrow hysteresis width exhibits high performance of photodetection with a responsivity of 316 mA W−1 and response times of ≈1.2 and ≈2 µs at rise and fall, respectively.
The Role of Network Topology on Electro‐Thermal and Optical Characteristics of Transparent Thermal Heaters Based on Embedded Random Metallic Mesh
Authors: Qiang Dayuan , Charaklias Dimitrios , Dorey Robert , Mohagheghian Iman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTransparent thermal heaters based on metallic networks have gained considerable attention in the last few years as a result of their superior response time, low sheet resistance, and low cost of manufacturing. To increase the mechanical stability and reliability of the thermal heater, it is desirable to embed the metallic network in some form of matrix. Embedding the network, however, changes the nature of thermal conduction making both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane thermal conduction important for ensuring reliability and uniform thermal distribution. The performance of embedded thermal heaters is also significantly influenced by the geometry of the metallic network, both in terms of optical transparency and thermal performance. In this paper, a coupled electro‐thermal model and an electromagnetic model are developed to investigate the properties of an embedded metallic mesh in a polymer matrix. Infrared thermal imaging and ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry are used to quantify thermal transport and transparency in the system and to verify the performance of finite element models. A systematic study is then performed to assess the role of network topology both on in‐plane and out‐of‐plane thermal distribution and optical performance. According to numerical analysis, a structure‐property relationship is established which can provide desirable network configurations to optimize performance.
Familial recurrence of incontinentia pigmenti due to de novo pathogenic variants in the IKBKG gene
Authors: Steffann Julie , De Oliveira Santos Judite , Zelbin Anne‐Laure , Hadj‐Rabia Smail , Charbit‐Henrion Fabienne , Petit Florence 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIncontinentia pigmenti (IP, Bloch‐Sulzberger syndrome) is a multisystem disorder which associates specific skin lesions that evolves in four stages, and occasionally, central nervous system, eye, hair, and teeth involvement. Familial (35%) and sporadic (65%) cases are caused by pathogenic variants in the IKBKG gene. Here we report an unusual family, where, in two half‐sisters affected by typical IP, molecular genetic analysis identified a likely pathogenic non‐sense variant in the IKBKG gene of one of the sisters, the other being not a carrier. The strong clinical conviction motivated further molecular genetic investigations, which led to the characterization of a second variant in this unique family. X chromosome inactivation studies demonstrated the paternal origin of these two de novo variants. For genes with frequent de novo mutations, the coexistence of different pathogenic mutations in the same family is a possibility, and constitutes a challenge for genetic counseling.
When rare meets common: Treatable genetic diseases are enriched in the general psychiatric population
Authors: Sriretnakumar Venuja , Harripaul Ricardo , Kennedy James L. , So Joyce 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMental illnesses are one of the biggest contributors to the global disease burden. Despite the increased recognition, diagnosis and ongoing research of mental health disorders, the etiology and underlying molecular mechanisms of these disorders are yet to be fully elucidated. Moreover, despite many treatment options available, a large subset of the psychiatric patient population is nonresponsive to standard medications and therapies. There has not been a comprehensive study to date examining the burden and impact of treatable genetic disorders (TGDs) that can present with neuropsychiatric features in psychiatric patient populations. In this study, we test the hypothesis that TGDs that present with psychiatric symptoms are more prevalent within psychiatric patient populations compared to the general population by performing targeted next‐generation sequencing of 129 genes associated with 108 TGDs in a cohort of 2301 psychiatric patients. In total, 48 putative affected and 180 putative carriers for TGDs were identified, with known or likely pathogenic variants in 79 genes. Despite screening for only 108 genetic disorders, this study showed a two‐fold (2.09%) enrichment for genetic disorders within the psychiatric population relative to the estimated 1% cumulative prevalence of all single gene disorders globally. This strongly suggests that the prevalence of these, and most likely all, genetic diseases is greatly underestimated in psychiatric populations. Increasing awareness and ensuring accurate diagnosis of TGDs will open new avenues to targeted treatment for a subset of psychiatric patients.
Gene networks and systems biology in Alzheimer's disease: Insights from multi‐omics approaches
Authors: Rahimzadeh Negin , Srinivasan Shushrruth Sai , Zhang Jing , Swarup Vivek 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite numerous studies in the field of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), a comprehensive understanding of this devastating disease remains elusive. Bulk transcriptomics have provided insights into the underlying genetic factors at a high level. Subsequent technological advancements have focused on single‐cell omics, encompassing techniques such as single‐cell RNA sequencing and epigenomics, enabling the capture of RNA transcripts and chromatin states at a single cell or nucleus resolution. Furthermore, the emergence of spatial omics has allowed the study of gene responses in the vicinity of amyloid beta plaques or across various brain regions. With the vast amount of data generated, utilizing gene regulatory networks to comprehensively study this disease has become essential. This review delves into some techniques employed in the field of AD, explores the discoveries made using these techniques, and provides insights into the future of the field.
Spontaneous Molecule Aggregation for Nearly Single‐Ion Conducting Sol Electrolyte to Advance Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries: The Case of Tetraphenylporphyrin
Authors: Dong Jingjing , Su Long , Peng Huili , Wang Dongdong , Zong Hanwen , Wang Gulian , Yang Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractZn metal as a promising anode of aqueous batteries faces severe challenges from dendrite growth and side reactions. Here, tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonic acid (TPPS) is explored as an electrolyte additive for advanced Zn anodes. It is interesting to note that TPPS spontaneously assembles into unique aggregates. As they adsorb on the Zn anode, the aggregates enhance the resistance to electrolyte percolation and dendrite growth compared to single molecules. Meanwhile, TPPS facilitates anion association in the solvation sheath of Zn2+, and boosts the transference number of Zn2+ up to 0.95. Therefore, anion‐related side reactions and anion‐induced electrode overpotentials are reduced accordingly. In this context, the electrolyte containing TPPS exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. Even under a high loading of MnO2 (25 mg cm−2), a limited Zn supply (N/P ratio=1.7), and a lean electrolyte (15 μL mAh−1), the full cells still represent a higher cumulative capacity compared to the reported data. The advantages of this electrolyte are also adapted to other cathode materials. The pouch cells of Zn||NaV3O8 ⋅ 1.5H2O realize a capacity of ~0.35 Ah at 0.4 C under harsh conditions.
Immobilization of Amino‐site into a Pore‐Partitioned Metal–Organic Framework for Highly Efficient Separation of Propyne/Propylene
Authors: Huang Yuhang , Feng Yanfei , Li Yi , Tan Kui , Tang Jie , Bai Junfeng , Duan Jingui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAdsorptive separation of propyne/propylene (C3H4/C3H6) is a crucial yet complex process, however, it remains a great difficulty in developing porous materials that can meet the requirements for practical applications, particularly with an exceptional ability to bind and store trace amounts of C3H4. Functionalization of pore‐partitioned metal–organic frameworks (ppMOFs) is methodically suited for this challenge owing to the possibility of dramatically increasing binding sites on highly porous and confined domains. We here immobilized Lewis‐basic (−NH2) and Lewis‐acidic (−NO2) sites on this platform. Along with an integrated nature of high uptake of C3H4 at 1 kPa, high uptake difference of C3H4−C3H6, moderated binding strength, promoted kinetic selectivity, trapping effect and high stability, the NH2‐decorated ppMOF (NTU‐100‐NH2) can efficiently produce polymer‐grade C3H6 (99.95 %, 8.3 mmol ⋅ g−1) at room temperature, which is six times more than the NO2‐decorated crystal (NTU‐100‐NO2). The in situ infrared spectroscopy, crystallographic analysis, and sequential blowing tests showed that the densely packed amino group in this highly porous system has a unique ability to recognize and stabilize C3H4 molecules. Moving forward, the strategy of organic functionalization can be extended to other porous systems, making it a powerful tool to customize advanced materials for challenging tasks.
Exploring High‐Pressure Polymorphism in Carbonic Acid through Direct Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide Clathrate Hydrate
Authors: Berni Selene , Scelta Demetrio , Romi Sebastiano , Fanetti Samuele , Alabarse Frederico , Pagliai Marco , Bini Roberto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is widespread in astrochemically relevant environments, often coexisting with water (H2O) ices and thus triggering a great interest regarding the possible formation of their adducts under various thermodynamic conditions. Amongst them, solid carbonic acid (H2CO3) remains elusive, yet being widely studied. Synthetic routes followed for its production have always been characterised by drastic irradiation on solid ice mixtures or complex procedures on fluid samples (such as laser heating at moderate to high pressures). Here we report about a simpler yet effective synthetic route to obtain two diverse carbonic acid crystal structures from the fast, cold compression of pristine clathrate hydrate samples. The two distinct polymorphs we obtained, differing in the water content, have been deeply characterised via spectroscopic and structural techniques to assess their composition and their astonishing pressure stability, checked up to half a megabar, also highlighting the complex correlations between them so to compile a detailed phase diagram of this system. These results may have a profound impact on the prediction and modelisation of the complex chemistry which characterises many icy bodies of our Solar System.