bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative magnesium analysis of mononuclear cells: Electron probe x‐ray microanalysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy methods compared
Authors: Hook Gregory R. , Hosseini Jeanette M. , Elin Ronald J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe quantitated magnesium concentration of pooled human peripheral mononuclear blood cell populations and individual human peripheral mononuclear blood cells by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and electron probe X‐ray microanalysis, respectively. We found no significant difference (p > .1) between the mean cell magnesium concentrations (61.4 ± 10.9 and 51.2 ± 11.2 mmol/kg dry weight) determined by electron probe X‐ray microanalysis and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Using electron probe X‐ray microanalysis, we found a 20% variation in magnesium concentration among individual cells. The cell magnesium concentration was independent of cell size, but the cell magnesium content increased with cell volume. We discuss the analytical limitations and artifacts of flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and electron probe X‐ray microanalysis for determination of mononuclear blood cell magnesium.
Use of a synthetic peptide‐based elisa for the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis and other diseases
Authors: Geltosky John E. , Smith Richard S. , Whalley Alice , Rhodes Gary 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple enzyme immunoassay has been developed based on measuring antibodies to synthetic peptides corresponding to sequences in the Epstein‐Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA). This assay, which is reproducible, quantitative, and simple to perform and interpret, can be an effective tool to aid in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Sensitive enzyme immunoassay of human growth hormone for clinical application: A review
Authors: Ishikawa Eiji , Hashida Seiichi , Kato Yuzuru , Imura Hiroo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRadioimmunoassay, a useful tool to measure human growth hormone (hGH) in serum, cannot measure very low hGH levels in serum and urine under some conditions. This work reviews recent studies on the development and applicability of sensitive enzyme immunoassay technique for hGH, which can measure very low levels of hGH in serum and urine that have not been measured by radioimmunoassay.
Cyclobenzaprine overdose: The importance of a clinical history in analytical toxicology
Authors: Merigian Kevin S. , Schoeder Timothy J. , Tasset Jerry J. , Pesce Amadeo J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractClinicians have become increasingly dependent on advanced analytical technology to supplement their diagnostic impression of comatose patients. We report a comatose patient who had ingested cyclobenzaprine, penatazocine, and ethchlorvinyl. The cyclobenzaprine was mistakenly identified as amitriptyline. Structurally these two agents are very similar with the exception of one double bond at the central aromatic group. The techniques of conventional thin‐layer chromatography, high‐efficiency thin‐layer chromatography, Toxi‐Lab thin‐layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high‐performance liquid chromatography, EMIT enzyme immunoassay, and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry could not distinguish between the two compounds. An additional investigation of urine specimens from four volunteers who took (1) 50 mg of amitriptyline, (2) 20 mg of cyclobenzaprine, and (3) both 50 mg of amitriptyline and 20 mg of cyclobenzaprine was unable to distinguish the two agents. These results serve to reinforce the necessity of a clinical history taken in conjunction with analytical techniques before identifying potential agents present in various biological material.
Diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica in feces by ELISA
Authors: Oliva Angel , Herion Pascal , Capin Ruth , Ortiz‐Ortiz Librado , del Muro Ruben 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA diagnostic test for intestinal amebiasis was developed by using an ELISA that incorporated a well‐defined monoclonal antibody specific for a membrane antigen of Entamoeba histolytica. The ELISA was found to be sensitive and quite specific for E. histolytica, since there were no cross reactions with other parasites, especially Entamoeba coli, with which Entamoeba histolytica is often confused. In addition, this test detected not only E. histolytica trophozoites but also cysts. This technique will be of great value in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of E. histolytica in human fecal material.
Detection of cell surface antigens on biopsied human tumor cells using monoclonal antibody‐containing fluorescent microspheres
Authors: Chang Suk K. , Irie Reiko F. , Morton Donald L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn immunoassay using fluorescent microspheres was developed for the detection of cell surface antigens on biopsied human cancer cells. A murine IgM monoclonal antibody 202 that was raised against a human melanoma cell line detected monosialogangliosides having sialic acid‐galactose residue, and was used as an antibody source. Purified 202 antibody was coupled with 1‐μm fluorescent micro‐spheres (Immunosphere) by carbondiimide reaction at pH 4.7–5.5, and the assay was standardized using an antigen‐positive human melanoma cell line. Over 90% of cells were positive when 4 μg antibody‐containing immunospheres were used. The specificity of the reactivity was demonstrated by a blocking assay using uncoupled 202 antibody. The binding activity was stable for 2 weeks after preparation.Biopsied specimens that had been viably frozen in a form of single‐cell suspension were thawed and purified by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. All of the five melanoma specimens tested were positive (>5% fluorescent cells) with a mean percent of positive cells = 35%, whereas only two of the five nonmelanoma tumor specimens were positive (m = 10.8%). None of the ten noncancer tissues, including skin, liver, kidney, and lymphocyte cells, showed greater than 5% positivity. When these tissues were tested after a 3‐day incubation of the cells in a CO2 incubator, a significant increase in the antibody reactivity was obtained in melanoma tissues (m = 57.8%). In contrast, the antigenic expression of other types of human cancer was changed only slightly (m = 16.2%) within the same period of incubation. Whether the assay is applicable to cell surface antigens of other epitopes of human biopsied tissues or only to ganglioside antigens is currently under investigation.
Effects of pancreaticoduodenal allografts on diabetic testicular lesions in the rat
Authors: Chen Chris , Scott Michael H. , Wolf Paul L. , Moossa A. R. , Haghighi Parviz , Lee Sun 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAbnormal testicular histology is common in untreated diabetic animals and men. Reversal of testicular lesions with return of function and fertility are seen in controlled diabetes. We investigated the effects of pancreaticoduodenal (PD) allografts on testicular lesions of alloxan‐induced diabetic rats. For periods of l to 15 months, 190 diabetic Lewis rats were allowed to remain diabetic before receiving PD transplants and Cyclosporin A (CsA); 190 other rats were divided into 4 control groups: normal rats with and without CsA, and diabetic rats with and without CsA. Following transplantation, transplanted rats and corresponding controls were sacrificed at 3‐month intervals. Testicles were morphometrically examined. CsA did not affect rat testicular histology. All successfully transplanted rats (n = 97) had complete reversal of hyperglycemia. In the first 6 months following transplantation, the testicular lesions appear to worsen; thereafter, the testicular sizes, tubular densities, and percentages of germinal tissue converge toward nondiabetic levels. This convergence was more marked in the later transplantation groups (≥ 9 months of diabetes before receiving transplantation) than in the earlier groups (<9 months). Overall, these results suggest that PD transplantation may partially reverse testicular lesions. Although pancreas transplantation may initially worsen diabetic testicular lesions, after 6 months, improvement of the lesions can be expected. Thus, an important result from this study relating to the clinical laboratory is that good control of the blood glucose in diabetics causes reversal of diabetic testicular lesions with return of function and fertility. In addition, Cyclosporin levels should be monitored in clinical laboratories in transplant patients to prevent toxic injury to the kidney and liver. However, Cyclosporin did not damage the testis in our study.
Quantitation of Kappa and Lambda Light Chains for the Detection of Monoclonal Gammopathy
Authors: Sun Tsieh , De Szalay Helga , Lien York Y. , Chang Victor 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study compared the quantitation of immunoglobulins and light chains with qualitative analysis by immunoelectrophoresis and immunofixation to determine the usefulness of these techniques for the detection of monoclonal gammopathy. Emphasis was on the recently available nephelometric technique for light chain quantitation. Quantitation of immunoglobulins and light chains correctly typed 142 of 159 cases of monoclonal gammopathy. False‐negative results were only seen in 17 cases of minimonoclonal gammopathies (IgG‐kappa, IgG‐lambda, and kappa light chain), in which either the quantitation of light chains or of immunoglobulins, or the kappa/lambda ratio remained normal. Among 92 control cases, abnormal kappa/lambda ratios were seen in three AIDS patients, two cases of polyclonal gammopathy, and one case of hypogammaglobulinemia, but none of them were misdiagnosed as monoclonal gammopathy by quantitation. For clinical laboratories, quantitative assays have some advantages over qualitative analysis because they are less demanding with respect to technique and interpretation, and they allow earlier result reporting and discernment in patients' follow‐ups. Qualitative analysis should be reserved for equivocal cases.
Enzymatic basis for increased expression of GD3 on human melanoma cells derived from metastatic lesions
Authors: Rosenberg Jay M. , Sander Diane J. , Derango Regina E. , Cheresh David A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe expression of disialoganglioside GD3 is examined in human melanoma cell lines derived from primary (WM 115 and WM 75) or metastatic (WM 266 and WM 373) lesions resected from the same two patients. GD3 is demonstrated to be preferentially expressed by the metastatic cell lines relative to their primary cell line counterparts as shown by thin layer chromatography and flow cytometric analysis. The enhanced expression of GD3 in the metastatic cell lines is due to the increased activity of its biosynthetic enzyme, cytidine‐5′‐monophospho‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid:GMS sialyltransferase (GD3 synthetase), as evident from assays of GD3 synthetase activity of these cell lines. The activity of this enzyme in membrane extracts of all 4 cell lines is dependent on protein concentration and time, with peak activity occurring after 30 min. GD3 synthetase in both WM 115 and WM 266 exhibits a relatively broad pH optima between 6.2 and 6.6, is stimulated by Mn2+ and Mg2+, and inhibited by EDTA and Hg2+. Subcellular fractionation indicates that GD3 synthetase activity is localized primarily within the Golgi‐enriched fraction. The enhanced expression of GD3 on the metastatic melanoma cell lines WM 266 and WM 373 relative to that of their primary cell line counterparts cannot be attributed to blocked synthesis of other gangliosides utilizing GD3 as a precursor, but is primarily due to the increased activity of GD3 synthetase.
Enzyme inhibitory homogeneous immunoassay for high molecular weight antigen (II)
Authors: Nishizono Isao , Ashihara Yoshihiro , Tsuchiya Hiromichi , Tanimoto Tetsuji , Kasahara Yasushi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA sensitive homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for determination of high molecular weight antigens has been developed using thermophilic dextranase. The conjugate of dextranase with Fab' antibody fragment and insoluble blue dextran was prepared. Ferritin and α‐fetoprotein (AFP) were assayed using the conjugate and insoluble blue dextran. The assay procedure is as follows: sample is mixed with the conjugate and incubated at 37° C for 20 min. After addition of substrate, the mixture is incubated at arbitrary temperature for 30 min or 1 hr. Then enzyme reaction is terminated by addition of the stopper; and following centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 1 min the absorbance of the supernatant is measured. The measurable range of ferritin was from 8 to 200 ng/ml for AFP, it was 80‐3,000 ng/ml. The coefficients of correlation with radioimmunoassay (RIA) for ferritin and AFP were 0.971 and 0.987, respectively.
Detection of cystic fibrosis protein by isoelectric focusing and silver staining in serum, dried whole blood, and cultured fibroblasts
Authors: Vladutiu Georgirene D. , Ryan Thomas , Cropp Gerd J. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExperimental conditions were developed for visualizing cystic fibrosis protein (CFP) in cultured fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) while improving the visualization of CFP in serum. Serum, whole dried blood and cultured skin fibroblast extracts derived from CF homozygotes, heterozygotes, and normal individuals were submitted to isoelectric focusing (IEF) in polyacrylamide gels using a pH gradient of 7.1 to 9.3 and stained for protein with silver. The results showed an improvement in the separation of bands in the cathodal region over that obtained with a pH gradient of 3.5 to 10 and a better visualization of CFP bands than provided with Coomassie blue. Serum IgG could be removed from the cathodal region by including Protein A on the gel during IEF, thus enabling better visualization of CFP bands. With cultured fibroblast extracts, CFP was only observed when gels were stained with silver. This study presents improved sensitivity of a potential diagnostic tool in CF and its use with cultured skin fibroblasts.
Novel enzyme immunoassay (Immune Complex Transfer Enzyme Immunoassay) for anti‐thyroglobulin IgG in human serum
Authors: Kohno Takeyuki , Ishikawa Eiji , Mitsukawa Tomohiro , Matsukura Shigeru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) for anti‐thyroglobulin IgG in human serum is described. Anti‐thyroglobulin IgG in human serum was reacted with dinitrophenyl thyroglobulin, and the complex formed between anti‐thyroglobulin IgG and dinitrophenyl thyroglobulin was trapped onto an affinity‐purified rabbit (anti‐dinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin) IgG‐coated polystyrene ball. After eliminating nonspecific IgG in test serum by washing, the complex was eluted from the polystyrene ball with dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine and transferred to a clean polystyrene ball coated with rabbit anti‐thyroglobulin IgG. The amount of human anti‐thyroglobulin IgG in the complex on the rabbit anti‐thyroglobulin IgG‐coated polystyrene ball was estimated using rabbit (anti‐human IgG 7‐chain) Fab'‐horse‐radish peroxidase conjugate. The present enzyme immunoassay was 1,000–3,000‐fold more sensitive than the conventional enzyme immunoassay, in which a thyroglobulin‐coated polystyrene ball was incubated with serum containing anti‐thyroglobulin IgG and subsequently with rabbit (anti‐human IgG 7–chain) Fab'‐horseradish peroxidase conjugate. By the present enzyme immunoassay, anti‐thyroglobulin IgG was demonstrated in all patients with Graves' disease and chronic thyroiditis.
Monoclonal antibodies potentially useful for diagnosis of squamous cell oral carcinoma
Authors: Saito Ichiro , Fox Robert I. , Walker Leslie E. , Fernsten Phillip D. , Howell Francis V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFive murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) (F1/A, F1/B, F1/C, F1/D, and F1/E) were produced that react with different antigenic determinants on the cell surface of human oral squamous cell carcinomas. They each immunoprecipitate a complex containing three polypeptides with molecular weights 38, 80, and 180 kD on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. These monoclonal antibodies were used in immunohistochemical analysis to study frozen tissue sections of surgical specimens from the floor of the mouth. Antibodies F1/A and F1/B: 1) detected virtually all malignant cells in 13/14 cases of high‐grade squamous cell oral carcinomas; 2) reacted weakly with nonneoplastic cells in oral biopsies showing severe dysplasia; and 3) did not react with normal stratified squamous epithelium. In comparison, antibodies F1/C, F1/D, and F1/E reacted only with approximately 50% of oral carcinomas, but not with cells in dysplastic oral lesions. These MoAbs were able to sensitize squamous tumor cells to killing by antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) cells and complement‐mediated cytolysis. Our data suggest that these antibodies may be potentially useful for diagnosis and perhaps treatment of squamous cell oral carcinoma.
Detection of platelets in urinary sediments from patients with “Advanced” stages of immunoglobulin a nephropathy
Authors: Tomino Yasuhiko , Ma Yuanchao , Sakai Hideto , Shirato Isao , Ito Kiichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe presence of platelets in urinary sediments was studied by an immunofluorescence method in patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. The aim of the present study was to determine if the presence of platelets in urinary sediments is correlated with glomerular injuries in patients with IgA nephropathy. Sixteen patients with IgA nephropathy and eight with diffuse proliferative glomerulo nephritis (DPGN) were examined.This study showed a significant correlation between the number of platelets found in urinary sediments and the severity of glomerular injuries in patients with IgA nephropathy. It was suggested that detection of platelets in urinary sediments is useful in evaluating the degree of histopathological changes and/or prognosis in IgA nephropathy prior to renal biopsy.
Flow cytometric analysis of cytologic specimens in hematologic disease
Authors: Hanson Curtis A. , Schnitzer Bertram 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCytologic evaluation of body fluids and fine needle aspirations (FNA) is frequently required in patients with hematologic diseases. In this study we have correlated immunophenotyping and DNA analysis by flow cytometry with cytologic findings and tissue biopsies from 20 patients with body fluid specimens and 5 with FNA. Nineteen of 25 cases, including all FNA cases, had an immunophenotype consistent with malignancy: 12 monoclonal lymphomas, 2 T‐cell lymphomas, 2 T‐ALL and 3 non‐T‐ALL. By cytologic examination, 14 of these 19 cases were positive for malignant cells, 2 suspicious and 3 negative; the latter 5 cases, including 2 FNA cases, had small monoclonal B‐cell populations detected by flow cytometry. Six cases had a benign immunophenotype; cytologic examination was benign in 4 of these and suspicious for lymphoma in 2. Our results show the feasibility of using flow cytometry to evaluate body fluids or FNA and demonstrate that small malignant populations that may be missed by routine cytology can be detected by flow cytometry.
Generation and selection of monoclonal antibodies identifying surface molecules discriminating between fetal and adult fibroblasts
Authors: Funaro A. , Bellone G. , Demonte L. , Alessio M. , Roggero S. , Peruui L. , Cappa A. P. M. , Malavasi F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe present report describes the reactivity of two murine monoclonal antibodies, i.e., CB11 and CB43, the first obtained by using embryonic material as immunizer and the second elicited against a human cell line. These reagents recognize two distinct molecules marking a peculiar differentiation stage on fetallembryonic fibroblasts. The first structure is a single chain of 14.5 kd, the second one a heterodimer of 40‐80 kd. Even if these reagents are not strictly fibroblast restricted, translineage expression does not diminish the medical relevance of the reagents; in fact, they may have application in prenatal diagnostics and amniocentesis testing, in which it is necessary to discriminate between fetal and maternal cells.
Murine monoclonal antibodies binding to the specific antigens of aspergillus fumigatus associated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Kurup Viswanath P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFour murine monoclonal antibodies, which were produced against Aspergillus fumigatus antigens using hybridoma technology, reacted with different antigenic components of A. fumigarus, and in turn these antigens showed reactivity with the sera from allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). All four antibodies were of IgM isotype. These antibodies reacted against eight antigen preparations from three different strains of A. fumigatus by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELSA). Only two of four antibodies reacted with the antigens in crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), rocket immunoelectrophoresis, and agar gel double diffusion. In western blot analysis it was found that the antigenic components reacting with the monoclonal antibodies were mostly of the low molecular weight components of A. fumigarus antigens. These components also showed binding to both IgG and IgE antibodies in the sera of ABPA patients, but failed to show any reactivity with sera from aspergilloma patients. Hence these antigenic components may be of diagnostic significance and can be isolated using immunoaffinity chromatography.
Pancreatitis in patients with aids presumptively due to CMV
Authors: Wolf Paul , Reiser Janet R. , Edwin Fellow J. , Haghighi Parviz 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have studied two patients who developed pancreatitis and who died of complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). From clinical analysis, presumptively, both patients developed CMV pancreatitis as a complication of AIDS.
Humoral and cellular immune responses to salmonella typhi in patients with typhoid fever
Authors: Mastroianni C. M. , Jirillo E. , De Simone C. , Grassi P. P. , Maffione A. B. , Catino A. M. , Vullo V. , Misefari A. , Delia S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHumoral and cellular immune responses to Salmonella typhi have been studied in nine children with typhoid fever. By using dot immunobinding assay, anti‐O‐polysaccharide chain and antilipid A antibody titers have been evaluated during the course of the disease. Anti‐O‐polysaccharide chain antibody titers are lower at the first week and increase up to the third week of the infection. On the other hand, antilipid A antibody levels, which are already higher at the beginning of the disease, progressively augment during the following weeks. Concerning cellular immunity to S. typhi, antibacterial activity mediated by typhoid peripheral mononuclear cells has been determined. Results show this function to be depressed in the initial phase of typhoid, increasing with the time. Together, these data bring new insight on immunity in typhoid patients.