bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy Metal Contamination in Street Dusts of Istanbul (Pendik to Levent) E‐5 Highway
Authors: Yetimoğlu Ece Kök , Ercan Özgen , Tosyali Kerem 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStreet dust composition is an important environmental parameter that should be considered in investigations of environmental pollution originating from traffic. In this study, fifty‐six samples of street dusts were collected during the period December 2003–April 2004 from Pendik to Levent on E‐5 highway in Istanbul, Turkey. Analyses were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion using USEPA, 1996 (Method 3050B). The mean concentration levels of Pb, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cd and Cu were found to be 368.3, 747.8, 431.2, 27.1, 0.3 and 191.1 μg/g respectively. Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn mean concentrations in studied areas were higher than levels of these heavy metals according to USEPA (1992) and Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Foresty (2003). Highly significant correlations except for Mn were found between the number of vehicles and heavy metal concentrations.
How formulating implementation plans and remembering past actions facilitate the enactment of effortful decisions
Authors: Dholakia Utpal M. , Bagozzi Richard P. , Gopinath Mahesh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBuilding on prior research studying effortful decision making and enactment processes (Bagozzi, Dholakia, & Basuroy, 2003; BDB), we identify and provide an in‐depth understanding of two specific self‐regulatory strategies: (1) formulating an implementation plan, and (2) remembering past actions, that decision makers can use in facilitating enactment of effortful decisions. The results of three experiments, in which the decision maker's goal and self‐regulatory strategy were manipulated, showed that for goals that decision makers chose volitionally, the motivational effects of both these strategies lay in increasing levels of proximal implementation‐related variables (implementation intentions, plan completeness, plan enactment, and goal realization) significantly. In contrast, for goals that were assigned to participants, these strategies' motivational effects additionally extended to significantly increasing distal goal‐related variables (goal desire, goal intentions, perceived self‐efficacy, and implementation desires). The theoretical implications of our findings are discussed, and future research opportunities are explored. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An HPLC method for the determination of ethacridine lactate in human urine
Authors: Guo Zhi‐Yong , Wei Dan‐Yi , Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Xuan Kun‐Fei , Yu Xu‐Fei , Yu Qiu‐Luan , Chu Yun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of ethacridine lactate in human urine. Solid‐phase extraction cartridges were used to extract urine samples. Separation was carried out on a C18 column maintained at 30°C with methanol–0.05% sodium dodecylsulfonate (70:30, v/v, pH 3) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was at UV 272 nm. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 4–4000 ng/mL, with linear correlation coefficient r equal to 0.9998. The limit of detection for the assay was 1.1 ng/mL. The within‐day accuracy ranged from 94.8 to 101.6% and precision from 2.3 to 5.4%. The between‐day accuracy ranged from 96.8 to 102.6% and precision from 4.0 to 5.3%. The absolute recovery was 95.4–101.2%. Urine samples were stable for at least 15 days if stored in the dark at −20°C. This simple and accurate method allows the sensitive determination of ethacridine lactate in human urine. It was successfully applied to assess the urine level of ethacridine lactate in women received intra‐amniotic injection. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatographic–electrospray tandem mass spectrometric determination of bisoprolol in human plasma
Authors: Liu Mingyuan , Zhang Dan , Sun Yantong , Wang Yingwu , Liu Zeyuan , Gu Jingkai 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn analytical method for the determination of bisoprolol in human plasma has been developed based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The analyte and internal standard (IS) diphenhydramine were cleaned up by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, reconstituted in mobile phase and separated by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using methanol:10 mm ammonium acetate:formic acid (70:30:0.1 v/v/v) as mobile phase. Detection was carried out by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) on an LC–MS/MS system and was completed within 2.5 min. The assay was linear over the range 0.5–100 ng/mL with a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.5 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision levels were within 5.54 and 9.95%, respectively, while the accuracy was in the range 89.4–113%. This method has been utilized in a pharmacokinetic study, where healthy volunteers were treated with an oral dose of 5 mg bisoprolol. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevention of premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery stents: A science advisory from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, American College of Surgeons, and American Dental Association, with representation from the American College of Physicians
Authors: Grines Cindy L. , Bonow Robert O. , Casey, Donald E. , Gardner Timothy J. , Lockhart Peter B. , Moliterno David J. , O'Gara Patrick , Whitlow Patrick 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a thienopyridine has been shown to reduce cardiac events after coronary stenting. However, many patients and healthcare providers prematurely discontinue dual antiplatelet therapy, which greatly increases the risk of stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and death. This advisory stresses the importance of 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after placement of a drug‐eluting stent and educating the patient and healthcare providers about hazards of premature discontinuation. It also recommends postponing elective surgery for 1 year, and if surgery cannot be deferred, considering the continuation of aspirin during the perioperative period in high‐risk patients with drug‐eluting stents. © 2007 the American Heart Association, Inc., the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, the American College of Surgeons, and the American Dental Association.
Switching to an aromatase inhibitor provides mortality benefit in early breast carcinoma
Authors: Boccardo Francesco , Rubagotti Alessandra , Aldrighetti Daniela , Buzzi Franco , Cruciani Giorgio , Farris Antonio , Mustacchi Giorgio , Porpiglia Mauro , Schieppati Giorgio , Sismondi Piero 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe superiority of new generation aromatase inhibitors over tamoxifen in the adjuvant treatment of early breast carcinoma has emerged from several randomized trials. However, until now not all previous studies have shown a mortality benefit.METHODSA pooled analysis of 2 prospective multicentric trials, sharing the same study design and nearly identical inclusion criteria, was performed. In both trials, women treated previously with tamoxifen for 2 or 3 years were randomly assigned to either continuing tamoxifen for an additional 2 or 3 years or to having their treatment switched to aminoglutethimide or anastrozole for a comparable time period. Mortality was analyzed according to allocated treatment and other patient and tumor variables.RESULTSIn all, 828 postmenopausal women, mostly with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive and node‐positive tumors who had been monitored for a median time of 78 months (range, 6–141 months) were analyzed. Of these women, 415 were randomly selected to continue tamoxifen and 413 switched to aminoglutethimide or anastrozole. All‐cause mortality and breast cancer‐specific mortality were significantly improved by the switch: all‐cause mortality: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.61 (0.42–0.88)P= .007; breast cancer‐specific mortality: HR = 0.61 (0.39–0.94)P= .025. No increase was recorded in breast cancer‐unrelated mortality in women after switching. Multivariate analysis showed that patient age, tumor size, allocated treatment, and nodal status, in that order, were independent mortality predictors.CONCLUSIONSSwitching to an aromatase inhibitor after 2 or 3 years of tamoxifen therapy significantly improves survival compared with continuing 2 or 3 years of additional tamoxifen treatment. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Neuronal recruitment in adult zebra finch brain during a reproductive cycle
Authors: Barkan Shay , Ayali Amir , Nottebohm Fernando , Barnea Anat 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that adult neurogenesis and neuronal replacement are related to the acquisition of new information. The present study supports this hypothesis by showing that there is an increase in new neuron recruitment in brains of adult male and female zebra finches that coincides with the need to memorize vocalizations of nestlings before they fledge. We counted [3H]‐Thymidine labeled neurons 40 days after [3H]‐Thymidine injections. These counts were made in the parents' brains at the time eggs hatched, at the time juveniles fledged and still needed parental care, and at the time juveniles were already independent. We focused on nidopallium caudale (NC), a brain region which plays a role in sound processing. Recruitment of new NC neurons increased at the time the young fledged, followed by a significant decrease when the young reached independence. We suggest that this increase enables parents to recognize their own young when they are still dependent on parental feeding, yet easily lost among other fledglings in the colony. We saw no such increase in neuronal recruitment in the olfactory bulb, suggesting anatomical specificity for the effect seen in NC. We also found a preliminary, positive correlation between number of fledglings and number of new NC neurons in the parents' brain at fledging, suggesting that the number of neurons recruited is sensitive to the number of young fledged. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
The Notch response inhibitor DAPT enhances neuronal differentiation in embryonic stem cell‐derived embryoid bodies independently of sonic hedgehog signaling
Authors: Crawford T. Quinn , Roelink Henk 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring development of the neural tube, inhibition of the Notch response as well as the activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) response results in the formation of neuronal cell types. To determine whether Shh and Notch act independently, we tested the effects of the Notch inhibitor DAPT (N‐[N‐(3,5‐difluorophenacetyl)‐l‐alanyl]‐S‐phenylglycine t‐butyl ester) on neuralized, embryonic stem (ES) cell‐derived embryoid bodies (EBs), while varying the levels of Shh pathway activation. Shh‐resistant EBs were derived from Smo null ES cells, while EBs with constitutive high level of Shh pathway activation were derived from Ptc1 null ES cells. Intermediate levels of Shh pathway activation was achieved by the addition of ShhN to the EB culture medium. It was found that DAPT‐mediated inhibition of the Notch response resulted in enhanced neuronal differentiation. In the absence of Shh, more interneurons were detected, while the main effect of DAPT on EBs with an activated Shh response was the precocious loss of ventral neuronal precursor‐specific markers. Developmental Dynamics 236:886–892, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutagenic activity of overnight urine from healthy non‐smoking subjects
Authors: Pavanello Sofia , Lupi Silvia , Pulliero Alessandra , Gregorio Pasquale , Saia Bruno Onofrio , Clonfero Erminio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUrinary mutagenicity was evaluated in relation to environmental mutagen exposure (i.e., diet, indoor/outdoor activities, residential area etc.) on the day prior to sample collection, and also considering factors that contribute to the variability of Salmonella mutagenicity assay results. Overnight urine samples from 283 healthy non‐smoking residents of northeast Italy (46% males, 20–62 years) were analyzed for mutagenicity on sensitive Salmonella typhimurium strain YG1024 with S9 mix employing the preincubation version of the plate incorporation assay (i.e., the Salmonella reverse mutation test). Urinary mutagenicity varied between 0.02 and 9.84 rev/ equiv. ml, and 7% of samples were positive (i.e., sample elicited a two‐fold increase in revertants). There was an evident increase in mutagenicity in subjects with increased intake of mutagen‐rich meals (n = 80) (P < 0.01 and positive urine 13% vs. 5%, P = 0.025). Indoor‐exposed subjects (n = 65) also showed a higher percentage of positive urine (14% vs. 5%, P = 0.015). In particular, those subjects exposed to cooking fumes the previous evening (n = 28) revealed higher urinary mutagenicity (P = 0.035, positive urine 25% vs. 5%, P < 0.001) than non‐indoor exposed. The sources of variability of the mutagenicity assay, mainly the histidine content of the urine concentrate (z = 4.06, P < 0.0001), and to a lesser extent bacterial inoculum size (z = 2.33, P = 0.019), also significantly influenced urinary mutagenicity values. In a linear multiple regression analysis, their effects were still significant (i.e., histidine content P = 0.026 and inoculum size P = 0.021), but the effects of diet, indoor exposure, and other environmental exposures (i.e., traffic and heating system exhausts, residential area) were not. It is concluded that the previous day's exposure to mutagen‐rich meals and cooking fumes may influence the presence of mutagenic activity in the overnight urine of non‐smoking subjects. This mutagenic activity, which remains in contact with bladder mucosa for several hours, could be considered risk factors for colorectal adenoma and possibly other cancers (i.e., bladder) in non‐smokers. Accurate control of histidine content and bacterial inoculum size is strongly recommended when investigating the mutagenic activity of urine from non‐smokers. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iterative channel estimation and decoding in turbo coded space‐time systems
Authors: Ronen Sefi (Yosef) , Bross Shraga I. , (Shitz) Shlomo Shamai , Duman Tolga M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA noncoherent multiple antenna coded communication system over both block fading and time‐selective flat fading Rayleigh channel is considered. Several iterative decoding strategies consisting of pilot symbol assisted demodulation and turbo decoding are proposed. It is shown that, at a system rate of 0.9 bits per channel use, the SNR required to achieve a BER of 10−4is only about 2dB from the imperfect CSI capacity lower bound. The channel estimation error variance is demonstrated to be close to the theoretical limit set by the Modified Cramér‐Rao bound. The simulation results coincide with the trends dictated by recent information‐theoretic analysis and demonstrate the effect that inaccuracy of the channel estimation has on the performance of the iterative decoding scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vector quantisation for finite‐state Markov channels and application to wireless communications
Authors: Yahampath Pradeepa , Pawlak Mirek 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVector quantisation for joint source‐channel (JSC) coding over a finite‐state Markov channel (FSMC) is studied. In particular, minimum mean square error (MMSE) decoding of a vector quantised source in the absence of channel state information (CSI) is considered. Based on hidden Markov modelling of the channel output, two decoding strategies are proposed. The first one is a soft‐decoder which estimates the source reconstruction vectors directly from a sequence of channel output samples. The second one is a hard‐decoder based on joint maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability estimation of channel symbols and channel states. An iterative procedure for designing JSC optimised vector quantisers (VQs) is also proposed. Finally, the design of VQs for wireless channels using a finite‐state model is examined. Experimental results are provided for a Gauss‐Markov source and flat‐fading wireless channels. A comparison with an idealised tandem source‐channel coding system is also provided to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed JSC coding approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the effects of interpolator window shape and symbol location on the BER of diversity PSAM 16‐QAM
Authors: Cao Lingzhi , Beaulieu Norman C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe consider pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) implemented with a sinc interpolator. The sensitivity of the error rate performance to different window functions applied to the sinc interpolator is investigated. The bit error rates (BERs) for diversity M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) with different window functions applied to the sinc interpolator are compared. The Kaiser window is found superior to the other windows considered. A thorough discussion of the dependency of the BER performance on the symbol location is also given. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency domain equalisation in CDMA detection
Authors: Martoyo Ihan , Jondral Friedrich K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present paper introduces frequency domain equalisation (FDE) as an efficient means for single‐user detection (SUD) in universal mobile telecommunication systems (UMTS) handhelds. Such an SUD is, at least partially, able to remove multiple access interference (MAI) like a multi‐user detector (MUD), however with several important advantagesthe operation principle of an FDE‐SUD is simple and easy to understand,the FDE‐SUD shows low numerical complexity and therefore,it is not power hungry like an MUD.The problem of applying FDE without zero‐padding or cyclic‐prefix insertion is solved by using the overlap‐cut method. In this paper we also prove that the performance of the FDE‐SUD is practically identical to that of linear MUD for a fully loaded UMTS cell. Furthermore, armed with the idea of FDE for code division multiple access (CDMA), we can construct a common receiver structure for CDMA, time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and multi‐carrier CDMA (MC‐CDMA) systems. This is an extremely useful idea in enabling a software‐defined radio (SDR) which can operate seamlessly in several environments such as UMTS, the IEEE 802.11a and WiMaX. FDE based receivers could be one important building‐block for the next generation mobile communications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A technique for the deidentification of structural brain MR images
Authors: Bischoff‐Grethe Amanda , Ozyurt I. Burak , Busa Evelina , Quinn Brian T. , Fennema‐Notestine Christine , Clark Camellia P. , Morris Shaunna , Bondi Mark W. , Jernigan Terry L. , Dale Anders M. , Brown Gregory G. , Fischl Bruce 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDue to the increasing need for subject privacy, the ability to deidentify structural MR images so that they do not provide full facial detail is desirable. A program was developed that uses models of nonbrain structures for removing potentially identifying facial features. When a novel image is presented, the optimal linear transform is computed for the input volume (Fischl et al. [2002]: Neuron 33:341–355; Fischl et al. [2004]: Neuroimage 23 (Suppl 1):S69–S84). A brain mask is constructed by forming the union of all voxels with nonzero probability of being brain and then morphologically dilated. All voxels outside the mask with a nonzero probability of being a facial feature are set to 0. The algorithm was applied to 342 datasets that included two different T1‐weighted pulse sequences and four different diagnoses (depressed, Alzheimer's, and elderly and young control groups). Visual inspection showed none had brain tissue removed. In a detailed analysis of the impact of defacing on skull‐stripping, 16 datasets were bias corrected with N3 (Sled et al. [1998]: IEEE Trans Med Imaging 17:87–97), defaced, and then skull‐stripped using either a hybrid watershed algorithm (Ségonne et al. [2004]: Neuroimage 22:1060–1075, in FreeSurfer) or Brain Surface Extractor (Sandor and Leahy [1997]: IEEE Trans Med Imaging 16:41–54; Shattuck et al. [2001]: Neuroimage 13:856–876); defacing did not appreciably influence the outcome of skull‐stripping. Results suggested that the automatic defacing algorithm is robust, efficiently removes nonbrain tissue, and does not unduly influence the outcome of the processing methods utilized; in some cases, skull‐stripping was improved. Analyses support this algorithm as a viable method to allow data sharing with minimal data alteration within large‐scale multisite projects. Hum Brain Mapp 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Information processing speed in ecstasy (MDMA) users
Authors: Wareing Michelle , Fisk John E. , Montgomery Catharine , Murphy Philip N. , Chandler Martin D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious research draws parallels between ecstasy‐related and age‐related deficits in cognitive functioning. Age‐related impairments in working memory have been attributed to a slow down in information processing speed. The present study compared 29 current ecstasy users, 10 previous users and 46 non‐users on two tests measuring information processing speed and a computation span task measuring working memory. Results showed that ecstasy users performed worse than non‐ecstasy users in the letter comparison task although the overall difference was not significant (p = 0.089). Results from the pattern recognition task showed that current ecstasy users produced significantly more errors than the other two groups (p < 0.01). When results were combined for both the letter and pattern tasks, once again current ecstasy users produced significantly more errors than non‐ecstasy users (p < 0.01). Working memory deficits obtained were statistically significant with both ecstasy using groups performing significantly worse than non‐users on the computation span measure (p < 0.01). Moreover, ANCOVA with measures of processing speed as covariates failed to eliminate the group difference in computation span (p < 0.01). Therefore, it is likely the mechanism responsible for impairments in the computation span measure is not the same as that in elderly adults where processing speed generally removes most of the age‐related variance. Also of relevance is the fact that the ecstasy users reported here had used a range of other drugs making it difficult to unambiguously attribute the results obtained to ecstasy use. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.