bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joubert syndrome-derived induced pluripotent stem cells show altered neuronal differentiation in vitro
Authors: De Mori Roberta , Tardivo Silvia , Pollara Lidia , Giliani Silvia Clara , Ali Eltahir , Giordano Lucio , Leuzzi Vincenzo , Fischetto Rita , Gener Blanca , Diprima Santo , Morelli Marco J. , Monti Maria Cristina , Sottile Virginie , Valente Enza Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a recessively inherited congenital ataxia characterized by hypotonia, psychomotor delay, abnormal ocular movements, intellectual disability, and a peculiar cerebellar and brainstem malformation, the “molar tooth sign.” Over 40 causative genes have been reported, all encoding for proteins implicated in the structure or functioning of the primary cilium, a subcellular organelle widely present in embryonic and adult tissues. In this paper, we developed an in vitro neuronal differentiation model using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), to evaluate possible neurodevelopmental defects in JS. To this end, iPSCs from four JS patients harboring mutations in distinct JS genes (AHI1, CPLANE1, TMEM67, and CC2D2A) were differentiated alongside healthy control cells to obtain mid-hindbrain precursors and cerebellar granule cells. Differentiation was monitored over 31 days through the detection of lineage-specific marker expression by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and transcriptomics analysis. All JS patient-derived iPSCs, regardless of the mutant gene, showed a similar impairment to differentiate into mid-hindbrain and cerebellar granule cells when compared to healthy controls. In addition, analysis of primary cilium count and morphology showed notable ciliary defects in all differentiating JS patient-derived iPSCs compared to controls. These results confirm that patient-derived iPSCs are an accessible and relevant in vitro model to analyze cellular phenotypes connected to the presence of JS gene mutations in a neuronal context.
Timing of readmissions for complications following emergency colectomy: follow-up beyond post-operative day 30 matters
Authors: Caminsky Natasha G. , Moon Jeongyoon , Marinescu Daniel , Pang Allison J. , Vasilevsky Carol-Ann , Boutros Marylise 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and purpose
Emergency colectomies are associated with a higher risk of complications compared to elective ones. A critical assessment of complications occurring beyond post-operative day 30 (POD30) is lacking. This study aimed to assess the readmission rate and factors associated with readmission 6-months following emergency colectomy.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent emergency colectomy (2010–2018) was performed using the Nationwide Readmissions Database. The cohort was divided into two groups: (i) no readmission and (ii) emergency readmission(s) for complications related to colectomy (defined using ICD-9/10 codes). Readmissions were categorized as either “early” (POD0–30) or “late” (> POD30). Differences between groups were described and multivariable regression controlling for relevant covariates defined a priori were used to identify factors associated with timing of readmission and cost.

Results
Of 141,481 eligible cases, 13.22% (n = 18,699) were readmitted within 6-months of emergency colectomy for colectomy-related complications, 61.63% of which were “late” readmissions (> POD30). The most common reasons for “late” readmission were for bleeding, gastrointestinal, and infectious complications (20.80%, 25.30%, and 32.75%, respectively). On multiple logistic regression, female gender (OR 1.12; 95%CI 1.04–1.21), open procedures (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.011–1.24), and sigmoidectomies (OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.39–1.65, relative to right hemicolectomies) were the strongest predictors of “late” readmission. On multiple linear regression, “late” readmissions were associated with a $1717.09 USD (95%CI $1717.05–$1717.12) increased cost compared to “early” readmissions.

Discussion
The majority of colectomy-related readmissions following emergency colectomy occur beyond POD30 and are associated with cases that are of overall higher morbidity, as well as open sigmoidectomies. Given the associated increased cost of care, mitigation of such readmissions by close follow-up prior to and beyond POD30 is advisable.
Gel polymer electrolyte-based dual screen-printed electrodes for the headspace quantification of 4-ethylphenol and ethanethiol simultaneously in wines
Authors: Portugal-Gómez Paula , Domínguez-Renedo Olga , Alonso-Lomillo M. Asunción 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe identification and correction of negative factors, such as 4-ethylphenol and ethanethiol, is important to comply with food safety regulations and avoid economic losses to wineries. A simple amperometric measurement procedure that facilitates the simultaneous quantification of both compounds in the gas phase has been developed using fullerene and cobalt (II) phthalocyanine-modified dual screen-printed electrodes coated with a room temperature ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolyte. The replacement of the typical aqueous supporting electrolyte by low-volatility ones improves both operational and storage lifetime. Under the optimum conditions of the experimental variables, Britton Robinson buffer pH 5 and applied potentials of + 0.86 V and + 0.40 V for each working electrode (vs. Ag ref. electrode), reproducibility values of 7.6% (n = 3) for 4-ethylphenol and 6.6% (n = 3) for ethanethiol were obtained, as well as capability of detection values of 23.8 μg/L and decision limits of 1.3 μg/L and 9.2 μg/L (α = β = 0.05), respectively. These dual electrochemical devices have successfully been applied to the headspace detection of both compounds in white and red wines, showing their potential to be routinely used for rapid analysis control in wineries.
Graphical Abstract
Braided motivations for Iceland’s first wave of mass emigration to North America after the 1875 Askja eruption
Authors: Büntgen Ulf , Eggertsson Olafur , Oppenheimer Clive 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMore than 14,000 Icelanders emigrated to North America between 1870 and 1914 CE. Mass movement from Iceland accelerated the year after the explosive eruption of Askja in 1875, and both contemporary and recent commentators have linked the two circumstances. Despite an abundant scholarship on Icelandic emigration in this period, the direct and indirect roles of the eruption as a possible stimulus remain unclear. Here, we engage critically with a range of contemporary source materials as well as meteorological and climatological information to re-assess where Askja fits into the picture of Iceland’s first wave of mass migration. We find that emigration was undoubtedly fuelled by the hardships of Icelanders and their growing contacts with countrymen already in the Americas, and that the highest proportions of emigrants came from counties most directly impacted by the Askja eruption. However, it also emerges that the eruption served as a lever for interested parties in Britain and Canada to persuade large numbers of desirable migrants to settle in North America. Our study highlights the opportunities that discrete episodes of volcanic activity present to probe the complex interrelationships of nature and society.
Translating gardens into accessible multisensory tours for blind and partially sighted visitors: an exploratory case study
Authors: Wang Xi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an exploratory case study which illustrates the first stage of our multi-stage methodology for translating gardens into a multisensory and accessible tour for blind and partially sighted (BPS) visitors and gathering feedback to be used in a future project on producing a smart audio descriptive guide to assist BPS visitors to appreciate gardens in a multisensory way. The key research questions are: how can the multisensory potential of gardens be translated into an accessible experience for BPS visitors? and to what extent can a smart audio descriptive guide enable access to gardens and provide multisensory visitor experiences primarily for BPS visitors? Our multi-stage methodology begins with an exploratory case study in which a group of BPS visitors were led by a human guide on a tour of the historic Hillsborough Castle and Gardens. The first stage involved the tour guide and accessibility expert working closely together to plan the multisensory garden tour. Then the actual tour of the gardens was carried out with a small group of BPS visitors. In-tour questions for the BPS visitors stimulated reflection and feedback, and interviews were carried out at the end of the tour. The paper presents some of the more significant observations which emerged from the tour, and draws conclusions about the extent to which a smart audio descriptive guide could provide many of the benefits of a human guide, and its advantages and inherent limitations. Some of these findings are relevant to those planning similar visits in other garden venues, including for broadening the application for universal access.
The causal relationship between sleep disturbances and the risk of frailty: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lu Zong-Xiao , Sang Ni , Liu Rong-Chao , Li Bo-Han , Zhang Meng-Yao , Zhang Ming-Hui , Cheng Meng-Cheng , Wu Guo-Cui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
Adequate sleep is closely related to people's health. However, with increasing age, the quality of sleep worsens. At the same time, among elderly individuals, frailty is also a disturbing factor, which makes elderly individuals more vulnerable to negative factors. To explore the relationship between the two, we conducted this study.

Methods
In this paper, independent genetic variations related to insomnia, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness were selected as IVs, and related genetic tools were used to search published genome-wide association studies for a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main Mendelian randomization analysis method. Cochran's Q test was used to test heterogeneity, MR‒Egger was used to test horizontal pleiotropy, and the MR-PRESSO test was used to remove outliers.

Results
According to our research, insomnia (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.17, P = 2.59e−97), long sleep duration (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.37–1.17, P = 0.02), short sleep duration (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.22–1.38, P = 2.23e−17) and daytime sleepiness (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.25–1.77, P = 0.96e−4) had a bidirectional causal relationship with frailty.

Conclusions
Our research showed that there is a causal relationship between sleep disturbances and frailty. This result was obtained by a TSMR analysis, which involves the use of genetic variation as an IV to determine causal relationships between exposure and outcome. Future TSMR studies should include a larger sample for analysis.
Boosting deep neural networks with geometrical prior knowledge: a survey
Authors: Rath Matthias , Condurache Alexandru Paul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeep neural networks achieve state-of-the-art results in many different problem settings by exploiting vast amounts of training data. However, collecting, storing and—in the case of supervised learning—labelling the data is expensive and time-consuming. Additionally, assessing the networks’ generalization abilities or predicting how the inferred output changes under input transformations is complicated since the networks are usually treated as a black box. Both of these problems can be mitigated by incorporating prior knowledge into the neural network. One promising approach, inspired by the success of convolutional neural networks in computer vision tasks, is to incorporate knowledge about symmetric geometrical transformations of the problem to solve that affect the output in a predictable way. This promises an increased data efficiency and more interpretable network outputs. In this survey, we try to give a concise overview about different approaches that incorporate geometrical prior knowledge into neural networks. Additionally, we connect those methods to 3D object detection for autonomous driving, where we expect promising results when applying those methods.
On Giving Meanings to Programs
Authors: Cardone Felice 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn a short section on the semantics of programs within his discussion of program correctness, Primiero seems to endorse the received view on the Scott-Strachey approach to denotational semantics as directly related to correctness. While this is true to some extent, I argue that the mathematical entities associated with programs play a lesser role in reasoning on program correctness, while the mathematical foundations of denotational semantics, namely the theory of domains, have contributed significantly to the conceptual understanding of programming and of computation in general
Technologies, Inbetweenness and Affordances
Authors: Koutamanis Alexander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCategorization of technologies by the order of their inbetweenness is a useful device for parsing complex structures info fundamental parts and understanding the application of a technology. This promises a coherent foundation for explaining how we deploy technologies in design, in particular with respect to the affordances they create. By connecting the categorization of technologies to the matching of user effectivities to features of the environment in affordances, the paper proposes an approach to the transparent description of the assemblages produced by design in terms of which technologies are involved and how they connect to each other, to the wider environment and to users. For affordances, this improves specificity concerning the features of the environment that are directly relevant to an interaction and the connections between these features and the rest of the environment. With respect to technologies, it helps understand not only why a technology may be used under certain circumstances but also abuse and underperformance. Finally, it supports design by providing means for parsing complex situations into chains of technologies between animals and environments. This helps explain how technologies modify effectivities, environments or relations between the two and how this affects design performance.
Fire-Retarding Asphalt Pavement for Urban Road Tunnels: A State-of-the-Art Review and Beyond
Authors: Jiang Xi , Zhu Hehua , Yan Zhiguo , Zhang Fengshou , Huang Xinyan , Leng Zhen , Yan Chuanqi , Hua Nan , Lu Dong , Zhang Xuehui , Xiao Rui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the rapid urbanization and development of metropolises, urban road tunnels have been constructed at an increasing rate, significantly alleviating urban traffic pressure, and improving urban resilience. Fire hazards have become a major threat to modern road tunnels due to the growing popularity of electric vehicles and high-density transportation of goods, particularly flammable materials. Asphalt pavements, as an essential component of road tunnels, may release harmful effluences and smoke under high temperatures, exacerbating the fire and adding risk to life safety. It is hence critical to investigate fire-retarding asphalt materials and their potential use in urban road tunnels pavements. This paper provides a comprehensive review of fire-retarding asphalt pavements for urban road tunnel pavements. The review covers tunnel fire generation mechanisms, evaluation methods, flame retardants for asphalt pavements, and recent developments in flame retardant technologies. By investigating these aspects, this paper aims to better understand the flammability of asphalt mixtures and asphalt pavements in urban road tunnels, promote the research of flame-retardant technology, and ultimately reduce the damage and loss caused by asphalt road tunnel fire accidents. Additionally, this study identifies the limitations of current research and provides an outlook for future research to contribute to the resilience of urban road tunnel structures and the longer service life of asphalt pavement in semi-closed road tunnels.
Do stingray feeding pits enhance intertidal macrobenthic biodiversity?
Authors: Barnes Richard S. K. , Cottrell Lily G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLittle is known of the macrobenthos supported within stingray feeding pits. Compared to adjacent unpitted areas during low tide, macrobenthic abundance and biodiversity within the stingray pits might be expected to be (i) greater, the water-retaining pits functioning like rock pools; (ii) no different, since macrofaunal recolonisation can occur very rapidly; or (iii) less, consequent on the substratum changes that typify depressions in soft sediments. In both (i) and (iii) differences in composition of the supported assemblages would be expected, though not in (ii). To differentiate between these alternative hypotheses, faunal characteristics within intertidal stingray pits were compared to those in the adjacent background sandflat in Moreton Bay, Queensland, where the prey of the rays are the decapod crustaceans Trypaea and Mictyris that otherwise structure the benthic system. Results generally (though not totally) support hypothesis (ii), it being consistently found that feeding pits supported less macrobenthic abundance than the surrounding sandflat but subequal taxon density, evenness and patchiness of their faunas, and their taxonomic compositions were very similar. Such feeding pits undoubtedly structure many intertidal sandflats and increase both their topographical complexity and their habitat diversity, but this is not reflected in increased macrobenthic biodiversity.
Media Reform as Transformation Tool: A Hegemonic Gap in Environmental Research and Policy
Authors: Lahsen Myanna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSustainability researchers are writing much about levers for transformations towards sustainability but too little about the most powerful means available for obstructing and activating them: mass-reaching media systems. How media systems are structured and governed form a profoundly important meta-level layer of decision-making that ought to be central in the study of environmental politics and in environmental policymaking. A politics- and media-focused account of the rise of Jair Bolsonaro to the presidency of Brazil illustrates the essential role of media systems and the need for new principles, structures, and policies for their governance if the interlinked goals of democracy, equity, and environmental protection are to be achieved. The pervasive inattention to this in environmental research reinforces hegemonic forces and needs to be widely discussed, understood, and overcome to achieve much needed just transformations towards sustainability.
Examining Conduct Problems in a Community Sample during Middle Childhood: The Role of Frontal EEG Asymmetry, Temperament, and Working Memory
Authors: Zerrouk Mohamed , Ann Bell Martha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious literature shows that aspects of temperament, executive functioning, and EEG frontal asymmetry are related to externalizing behaviors in children. We examined whether frontal EEG asymmetry measured at age 6 would moderate the impact of negative affectivity, attentional control, and working memory at age 6 on conduct problems at age 9. Behavioral tasks were given to assess children’s attentional control and working memory. Parents completed questionnaires about their children’s negative affectivity and conduct problems. Results showed that greater negative affectivity reported at age 6 predicted for more conduct problems reported at age 9, regardless of EEG frontal asymmetry. Lower levels of attentional control and working memory at age 6 predicted for more conduct problems reported at age 9 when children also exhibited greater left EEG frontal asymmetry, which has been linked to approach motivation. These findings illustrate the importance of assessing multiple intrinsic factors, both independent and interactive, that contribute to children’s conduct problems.
Generalized Inversion of Nonlinear Operators
Authors: Gofer Eyal , Gilboa Guy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInversion of operators is a fundamental concept in data processing. Inversion of linear operators is well studied, supported by established theory. When an inverse either does not exist or is not unique, generalized inverses are used. Most notable is the Moore–Penrose inverse, widely used in physics, statistics, and various fields of engineering. This work investigates generalized inversion of nonlinear operators. We first address broadly the desired properties of generalized inverses, guided by the Moore–Penrose axioms. We define the notion for general sets and then a refinement, termed pseudo-inverse, for normed spaces. We present conditions for existence and uniqueness of a pseudo-inverse and establish theoretical results investigating its properties, such as continuity, its value for operator compositions and projection operators, and others. Analytic expressions are given for the pseudo-inverse of some well-known, non-invertible, nonlinear operators, such as hard- or soft-thresholding and ReLU. We analyze a neural layer and discuss relations to wavelet thresholding. Next, the Drazin inverse, and a relaxation, are investigated for operators with equal domain and range. We present scenarios where inversion is expressible as a linear combination of forward applications of the operator. Such scenarios arise for classes of nonlinear operators with vanishing polynomials, similar to the minimal or characteristic polynomials for matrices. Inversion using forward applications may facilitate the development of new efficient algorithms for approximating generalized inversion of complex nonlinear operators.
Strain-induced solid-state coating of TWIP steel sheets with zinc
Authors: Lapovok Rimma , Berner Alex , Bisht Anuj , Acharya Srijan , Vahid Alireza , Rabkin Eugen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe propose the strain-induced solid-state coating process of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel with zinc, achieved through concurrent rolling of TWIP steel and zinc sheets. Our study explores the effects of strain, strain rate, and rolling temperature on the morphology and intermixing at the Zn-TWIP steel interface. We found that two simultaneous mechanisms are responsible for the formation of a joint interface between the sheets in the rolling temperature range of 100–380 °C, namely mechanical intermixing at the interface and accelerated diffusion along moving dislocations and other defects introduced during rolling. Since it is impossible to deconvolute these mechanisms, we introduced the concept of an ‘apparent diffusion coefficient’ to represent the diffusion-like mass transfer resulting from mechanical intermixing and diffusion. These diffusion coefficients were determined by primary electron energy variation method in scanning electron microscope and by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in transmission electron microscope. Notably, these diffusion coefficients were found to be higher than the grain boundary diffusion coefficients of Zn in γ-Fe, primarily due to the dynamic nature of interface microstructure formation during rolling.