bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the constitutive relations of G‐chiral media and the possibility to realize negative‐index media
Authors: Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Yao Hai‐Ying , Zouhdi Saïd , Li Le‐Wei , Leong Mook‐Seng 
Published: September 2006

AbstractGyro‐chiral (G‐chiral) media of different constitutive relations are studied as potential materials to realize the negative‐index material (NIM). G‐chiral media are believed to have advantages over chiral media: negative refractive index and backward waves can be achieved without requiring the permittivity and permeability to be quite small at working frequency. The gyrotropic parameters favor the realization of NIM far off the resonances of the permittivity and permeability. The possibility of obtaining backward waves and negative refractive index under Post's and Tellegen's relations are discussed. Moreover, the mapping and comparison of G‐chiral media of these two relations have been studied. It is found that the Tellegen's relations are more suitable to describing the G‐chiral media so as to realize NIM by this kind of medium. Therefore, this paper not only provides an alternative way to achieve NIM from the G‐chiral medium but also discusses the constitutive relation's effects on backward wave propagation and refractive indices. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48:2534–2538, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21981
Microwave devices based on transmission lines with positive/negative dispersion
Authors: Vendik I. B. , Kholodnyak D. V. , Kolmakova I. V. , Serebryakova E. V. , Kapitanova P. V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAdditional degrees of freedom in a design of miniature microwave devices can be provided by a combination of right‐handed and left‐handed transmission lines, which differ in dispersion characteristics. We present some examples of such devices: planar resonator and filter with suppressed spurious response, miniaturized balun, and broadband digital phase shifters. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2632–2638, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21985
Designing materials with desired electromagnetic properties
Authors: Bulu Irfan , Caglayan Humeyra , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this work, we suggest and demonstrate a robust method to tune the plasma frequencies of wire mediums. The method we suggest involves the use of two or more wire arrangements in the unit cell. By incorporating the method we suggested it is possible to tune the plasma frequencies of wire mediums effectively by use of lower metal densities. In addition, we study the effective permittivities and permeabilities of labyrinth based metamaterials. Our results show that the effective permeability of the labyrinth based metamaterial medium is negative above a certain frequency. The results of the effective permittivity calculations for the labyrinth based metamaterial medium reveal that the labyrinth structure exhibits a strong dielectric response near the magnetic resonance frequency. Finally, we design labyrinth based left‐handed mediums that have several desired properties such as simultaneous μ, ϵ = −1 and μ, ϵ = 0. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2611–2615, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21988
Experimental investigation of radiation properties of an antenna embedded in low permittivity thin‐wire‐based metamaterial
Authors: Bonefačić Davor , Hrabar Silvio , Kvakan Dražen 
Published: September 2006

AbstractExperimental results regarding the increase in directivity and gain of an antenna embedded in low‐permittivity two‐dimensional anisotropic thin‐wire‐based metamaterial are presented. As expected, increase in directivity and gain has been observed. The effect of main beam splitting with frequency increase, predicted by theoretical analysis, has been confirmed. The influence of the number of layers forming the metamaterial on the radiation pattern and gain has been investigated. Input impedance was measured both as a function of frequency and of the number of wire layers forming the metamaterial. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2581–2586, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21994
Optimization of metamaterial based subwavelength cavities for ultracompact directive antennas
Authors: Ourir A. , de Lustrac A. , Lourtioz J.‐M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractArtificial magnetic conductors (AMC) are proposed for the fabrication of subwavelength cavities in the microstrip technology. These metamaterials can simultaneously present a low phase value at reflection and a high impedance for normal incident waves over a wide frequency band. Planar cavities using AMC‐based reflectors are applicable to the design of ultracompact directive antennas. An optimized cavity structure is presently shown to provide a significant enhancement of the gain and directivity of a microstrip antenna near 10 GHz. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2573–2577, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21996
Isotropic artificial media with simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability
Authors: Vendik Irina , Vendik Orest , Odit Mikhail 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA composite medium consisting of two sublattices of dielectric spherical particles of high permittivity and different radii embedded in a dielectric matrix of smaller permittivity are considered. It has been shown that such a composite medium reveals properties of an isotropic double negative media in the frequency range where resonance oscillations of H111 mode in one kind of particles and E111 mode in another kind of particles are excited simultaneously. The E111 resonance and the H111 resonance give rise to the magnetic dipole momentum and the electric dipole momentum correspondingly. Averaging the magnetic momentum and the electric momentum over the cells belonging to the appropriate spherical particles reveals the negative permittivity and permeability. Distribution of the electromagnetic wave outside the sphere was calculated. Influence of dispersion of the sphere permittivity and size on the effective parameters was estimated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2553–2556, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22002
Radiation enhancement and radiation suppression by a left‐handed metamaterial
Authors: Boardman A. D. , Marinov K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe perfect lens property of a dispersive and lossy left‐handed metamaterial disk is exploited to superimpose a source of electromagnetic radiation onto its mirror image, formed as a result of reflection from a perfect electric conductor or a perfect magnetic conductor. The superposition of a vertical wire‐dipole antenna with its perfect electric conductor image results in an increase of the radiation resistance of the antenna compared with that of an antenna emitting in free space. On the other hand, if the same antenna is coupled to a perfect magnetic conductor image, it is shown that the result is the formation of a nonradiating configuration. The finite‐difference time‐domain analysis is performed, and this allows a detailed characterization of the systems. It is shown that the nonradiating system allows relatively large amounts of electromagnetic energy to be stored in the left‐handed metamaterial disk and that is indicative of strong electromagnetic fields inside the material. This property is employed in a second‐harmonic generation process and the potential of a nonradiating configuration as an efficient nonlinear device is demonstrated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48:2512–2516, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22010
Left‐handed and right‐handed transmission properties of microstrip lines loaded with complementary split rings resonators
Authors: Gil Ignacio , Bonache Jordi , Gil Marta , García‐García Joan , Martín Ferran 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this work, microstrip lines loaded with complementary split rings resonators (CSRRs) and series capacitive gaps are modeled by means of a lumped element equivalent circuit. The structures exhibit a left‐handed (or backward wave) behavior at low frequencies, followed by forward transmission at higher frequencies separated by a forbidden band. The equivalent circuit model is able to accurately describe the frequency responses of the structures in the left‐handed transmission band, the forbidden band, and the lower frequency region of the forward allowed band. The limitations of this circuit model to properly predict the behavior of the structures at higher frequencies (mainly related to the Bragg effect caused by periodicity) are pointed out. This work can be of interest for the design of microwave circuits based on CSRR metamaterials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2508–2511, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22011
A double‐blind, randomized controlled trial of cystometry using saline versus 0.3 M potassium chloride infusion in women with overactive bladder syndrome
Authors: Philip Joe , Willmott Sasithorn , Owen Delyth , Samsudin Cathy , Irwin Paul P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of 0.3 M potassium chloride on cystometric parameters by comparing it with normal saline as a filling solution in women with overactive bladder (OAB).Patients and MethodsTwenty‐three women with significant OAB symptoms underwent consecutive cystometrograms (CMGs) using 0.9% normal saline (NS) and 0.3 M potassium chloride (KCl), the order of which was randomized for each patient. Individual CMGs were performed by separate investigators and both patients and investigators were blinded to the order in which each solution was given and to the results of the other CMG.ResultsRegardless of the nature of the filling solution, the order in which the CMGs were performed had little influence on either first desire to void (FDV, mean 83.5 ml vs. 117.8 ml for first and second CMGs respectively, P = 0.10) or on maximum cystometric capacity (Cmax, mean 265.0 ml vs. 264.4 ml, P = 0.98). KCl produced a significant (24%) reduction in mean Cmax compared to NS (mean 228.6 ml vs. 300.8 ml, P = 0.001), irrespective of the order of infusion.ConclusionThis comparative study using 0.3 M KCl versus NS as filling solutions suggests that intravesical potassium may not simply act on urothelial sensory nerve endings; it may also stimulate detrusor muscle contraction. These findings may influence the interpretation of the potassium sensitivity test in patients with OAB symptoms, particularly in those suspected of having interstitial cystitis. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation between motor function and lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with infantile cerebral palsy
Authors: Bross Stephan , Honeck Patrick , Kwon Sun Tscheol , Badawi Jasmin Katrin , Trojan Lutz , Alken Peter 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate urodynamic findings in patients with infantile cerebral palsy (CP) and to correlate the findings with impaired motor function.MethodsWe conducted a videourodynamic investigation on a highly select group of 29 patients (3–53 years). Motor function was assessed in each patient by the Gross Motor Function Classification System for CP (GMFCS). With this system, motor function is divided into five levels: patients in Level I have the most independent motor function and patients in Level V the least. The patients were divided into Group 1 (23 symptomatic patients with recurrent urinary tract infection or urinary incontinence) and Group 2 (6 asymptomatic patients).ResultsIn Group 1, 21 patients (91%) had reduced compliance (0.6–16.4 ml/cmH2O) and 16 patients (70%) had increased DLPP (>40 cmH2O). Detrusor overactivity and pelvic floor overactivity were found in all 23 patients. In Group 2, two patients (33%) had reduced compliance (0.7 and 5.8 ml/cmH2O) and four (67%) had increased DLPP (>40 cm H2O). Detrusor overactivity and pelvic floor overactivity were observed in five patients (83%). Symptomatic patients showed higher GMFCS levels than asymptomatic patients. In the group of asymptomatic patients, there was no one classified as Levels IV or V, while there were no symptomatic patients classified as Level I.ConclusionsWe conclude that urinary symptoms and pathological urodynamic findings increase along with the degree of motor function impairment shown by the GMFCS. Pathologic urodynamic findings can be found in both symptomatic and in asymptomatic patients. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:222–227, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brainstem primitive neuroectodermal tumors (bstPNET): Results of treatment with intensive induction chemotherapy followed by consolidative chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic cell rescue
Authors: Fangusaro Jason R. , Jubran Rima F. , Allen Jeffrey , Gardner Sharon , Dunkel Ira J. , Rosenblum Mark , Atlas Mark P. , Gonzalez‐Gomez Ignacio , Miller Douglas , Finlay Jonathan L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe have evaluated the response rate and survival utilizing intensified chemotherapy followed by myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic cell rescue (AuHCR) and adjuvant radiation therapy in six young children with newly diagnosed brainstem primitive neuroectodermal tumors (bstPNET). Following maximum surgical resection of the tumor, patients received high dose induction chemotherapy including vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide. Eligible patients received a single cycle of myeloablative chemotherapy followed by AuHCR. Two patients survive at least 32 months with stable disease. This approach provides an alternative for young patients with bstPNET who in prior reports have had a uniformly fatal prognosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:715–717. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of an education program on late diagnosis of retinoblastoma in Honduras
Authors: Leander Christopher , Fu Ligia C. , Peña Armando , Howard Scott C. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Wilimas Judith A. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Haik Barrett 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundIn developed countries, more than 90% of children with retinoblastoma present with limited‐stage disease and are cured; however, in countries with limited resources, like Honduras, most patients present with advanced disease and cure rates are less than 50%. Early diagnosis is necessary to improve the survival of children with retinoblastoma in these countries.ProcedureWe describe the preliminary results of a retinoblastoma education program linked to a national vaccination campaign in Honduras. Posters and flyers were designed to be accessible to poorly educated readers, to convey the severity of retinoblastoma, and to provide contact information. Charts and an electronic database were reviewed to determine age at diagnosis, presenting signs and symptoms, date of diagnosis, and outcome.ResultsDuring the eight previous years (July 1995–June 2003), 73% of the 59 diagnosed cases of retinoblastoma were extraocular; in contrast, during the post‐campaign period (June 2003–January 2005), only 35% of the 23 diagnosed cases showed extraocular spread (P = 0.002). More than one‐third of patients in both time periods either refused therapy or abandoned treatment.ConclusionThis inexpensive approach is an effective first step toward improving survival of childhood retinoblastoma. Abandonment and refusal of therapy are continuing obstacles. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:817–819. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Young siblings of children with cancer deserve care and a personalized approach
Authors: Massimo Luisa M. , Wiley Thomas J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe youngest siblings may be both emotionally vulnerable and often neglected members of the family of a childhood cancer patient. The prompt identification of signs of distress in these subjects allows trained caregivers to intervene with personalized, age‐appropriate, attention, and care. A narrative approach, based on personalized listening, writings, and spontaneous drawings, can provide the means to elicit markers of psychological maladjustment in even the youngest of siblings. Two exemplary cases are reported to illustrate this approach. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:708–710. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Refill adherence for patients with asthma and COPD: comparison of a pharmacy record database with manually collected repeat prescriptions
Authors: Krigsman Kristin , Nilsson J. Lars G. , Ring Lena 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPurposeTo compare refill adherence data based on two different methods of data capturing, that is, manually collected repeat prescriptions and a pharmacy record database.MethodsThe study comprised a comparison of adherence data from manually collected repeat prescriptions of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) drugs with fixed dosages dispensed in 2002 and the corresponding data from a pharmacy record database. Data were collected in the county of Jämtland in Sweden. Refill adherence was calculated for the different collection methods.ResultsData from 285 manually collected repeat prescriptions for asthma/COPD drugs for 2002 showed that 35% of the prescribings had been satisfactory refilled, while 42% showed an undersupply and 23% an oversupply. The pharmacy record database had 490 prescribings for asthma/COPD drugs registered in 2002, 28% of these had a satisfactory refill adherence, while 43% showed an undersupply, and 29% an oversupply. Based on the database it could be shown that 11% of the individuals had used more than one repeat prescription of the same medicine during 2002. Based on the pharmacy record database for 1999–2002, it was shown that 29% of the prescribings had been satisfactory refilled whereas undersupply increased (53%) and oversupply decreased (18%) as compared to the 1‐year data.ConclusionsRefill adherence determined from manually collected repeat prescriptions and from a pharmacy record database did not differ for a 1‐year period. Four‐year data might give a better overview of patients' refill adherence than 1‐year data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and properties of poly(amic acid)s and polyimides based on 2,2′,6,6′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride
Authors: Sakayori Katsuya , Shibasaki Yuji , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPoly(amic acid)s (PAAs) having the high solution stability and transmittance at 365 nm for photosensitive polyimides have been developed. PAAs with a twisted conformation in the main chains were prepared from 2,2′,6,6′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (2,2′,6,6′‐BPDA) and aromatic diamines. Imidization of PAAs was achieved by chemical treatment using trifluoroacetic anhydride. Among them, the PAA derived from 2,2′,6,6′‐BPDA and 4,4′‐(1,3‐phenylenedioxy)dianiline was converted to the polyimide by thermal treatment. The heating at 300 °C under nitrogen did not complete thermal imidization of PAAs having glass‐transition temperatures (Tg)s higher than 300 °C to the corresponding PIs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6385–6393, 2006
Current‐carrying capacity of semiconducting carbon nanotubes
Authors: Chen Yung‐Fu , Fuhrer Michael S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA simple Boltzmann‐equation model for charge transport in semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (s‐SWNTs) is developed with two adjustable parameters, the acoustic and optical phonon scattering lengths. The model predicts velocity saturation rather than current saturation in s‐SWNTs at high bias, in agreement with a recent experiment. At moderate densities, the model predicts currents in s‐SWNTs exceeding 25 µA, the limiting current in long metallic single‐walled carbon nanotubes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurements of thermal conductivity of individual carbon nanotubes
Authors: Fujii Motoo , Zhang Xing , Takahashi Koji 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper describes a novel method to measure the thermal conductivity of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by using a suspended sample‐attached T‐type nanosensor. The CNTs used were made by an arc‐discharge evaporation method. We could successfully measure the thermal conductivity of individual carbon nanotubes in the range of temperature from 77 K to 320 K, and the results show that the thermal conductivity increases with the temperature and approaches an asymptote near 320 K. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exciton dynamics probed in carbon nanotube suspensions with narrow diameter distribution
Authors: Hertel Tobias , Zhu Zipeng , Crochet Jared , McPheeters Claiborne , Ulbricht Hendrik , Resasco Daniel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe report on a pump–probe study of CoMoCAT nanotube suspensions with narrow chirality distribution. Visible pump pulses and a white light continuum are used for resonant excitation of the strongest dipole allowed E 22 subband exciton in the semiconducting (6, 5) tube and for broadband probe of the resulting spectral transients between 1300 nm and 480 nm, respectively. Transient spectra show signatures of both photobleaching (PB) and photoabsorption (PA) with practically identical decay‐ but slightly different rise‐times. The experiments reveal that apparent variations of decay rates at different wavelengths do not reflect dynamics of different relaxation processes but are a consequence of the superposition of PB and blue‐shifted PA response. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A photoemission study of the metallic ground state of potassium‐doped C60 peapods
Authors: Rauf H. , Shiozawa H. , Pichler T. , Knupfer M. , Büchner B. , Kataura H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe report on the doping dependence of the electronic structure of the valence band of mats of C60‐filled single wall carbon nanotubes (C60 peapods) studied by high resolution photoemission spectroscopy. In the pristine state, the bundles consist of approximately one third metallic tubes which are Tomonaga–Luttinger liquids (TLL) and thus show a power law scaling of the density of states near the Fermi level. The power law scaling factor of the pristine peapods is hardly increased compared to that of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Upon doping we find a complex doping behavior and charge distribution between the electronic states of the SWCNT and the encaged C60 chains. Close to the Fermi level this has consequences on the doping induced crossover from a TLL to a conventional Fermi liquid which is found at a higher charge transfer as compared to intercalated SWCNT bundles. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polarization‐dependent optical reflectivity in magnetically oriented carbon nanotube networks
Authors: Kamarás K. , Rinzler A. G. , Tanner D. B. , Walters D. A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe have observed marked anisotropy in the optical reflectivity of magnetically oriented nanotube networks: for light polarized along the orientation direction, the reflectivity is much higher than for the perpendicular polarization. However, the spectrum in the perpendicular direction is also structured, similar to the parallel polarization but with a shift in frequency. We emphasize the importance of surface scattering corrections when investigating carbon nanotubes by reflectance spectroscopy. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)