bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results in patients with cranial parameningeal sarcoma and metastases (Stage 4) treated on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) Protocols II–IV, 1978–1997: Report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Raney Beverly , Anderson James , Breneman John , Donaldson Sarah S. , Huh Winston , Maurer Harold , Michalski Jeff , Qualman Stephen , Ullrich Fred , Wharam Moody , Meyer William 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPurposeDetermine outcome of patients with cranial parameningeal sarcoma and concurrent metastases treated on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) Protocols II–IV.PatientsWe identified 91 patients in the database, which includes newly diagnosed subjects <21 years old with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and undifferentiated sarcoma, and reviewed their charts in detail.ResultsThe 54 males and 37 females were <1–19 years at diagnosis. Primary sites were nasopharynx‐nasal cavity, middle ear/mastoid and parapharyngeal area (“better” sites, 55%), paranasal sinus and infratemporal‐pterygopalatine area (“worse” sites, 42%), and other (3%). Sixty‐eight percent of informative patients had direct intracranial extension. Major metastatic sites at diagnosis were lung (63%), bone marrow (33%), and bone (27%). Treatment included vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the primary tumor and up to five metastatic sites/tissues.OutcomeThe estimated 10‐year failure‐free survival (FFS) rate was 32% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22%, 42%). Sixty patients had progressive disease (N = 49) or death as a first event (N = 11); another developed myelodysplastic syndrome and died. Sites of first progression/relapse were distant (55%), local (12%), CNS extension (8%), mixed (6%), and uncertain (18%). Factors indicating likelihood of 10‐year FFS included tumor arising in “better”versus“worse” sites (FFS 46% vs. 18%,P = 0.02) and embryonalversusother histology (FFS 37% vs. 19%,P = 0.06).ConclusionsCure was possible for some patients with metastatic cranial parameningeal sarcoma. Patients with the best outlook had embryonal RMS located in the nasopharynx/nasal cavity, middle ear/mastoid, or parapharyngeal region. Distant metastases were the most frequent type of recurrence, indicating that more effective systemic agents are needed to eliminate residual disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:17–22. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk determinants for catheter‐associated blood stream infections in children and young adults with cancer
Authors: Allen Rebekah C. , Holdsworth Mark T. , Johnson Cynthia A. , Chavez Cathy M. , Heideman Richard L. , Overturf Gary , Lemon David , Hunt W. Curtis , Winter Stuart S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundCatheter‐associated blood stream infections (CABSI) are frequent complications encountered with cancer treatment. In order to understand which factors might predispose to CABSIs in children and young adults, we evaluated risk for infection in association with tumor type, catheter type, and setting of occurrence.MethodsAll pediatric oncology patients having a central venous catheter (CVC) with a tunneled external (TE) or totally implantable design (TID) were prospectively followed for the occurrence of a CABSI for 12 months. CABSIs were defined in accordance with the guidelines published by the Centers for Disease Control, and were quantified as the number of occurrences per 1,000 device days. Rates of CABSIs were stratified by tumor histology, type of catheter design, and setting of occurrence. Statistical comparisons were made using the Mantel‐Haenzel statistic and the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsA total of 58 CABSIs were identified in 139 patients over a period of 35,935 CVC days. The overall CABSI rate was 1.6 infections per 1,000 CVC days (95% CI 1.2, 2.1). Stratified analysis demonstrated increased risk for CABSIs in hospitalized patients having TEs, and while patients with solid tumors were also at higher risk; this association was not supported by the Cox proportional hazard model.ConclusionWhile our baseline CABSI rate was comparatively lower than for other institutions, subset analyses identified that hospitalized cancer patients having TEs are at the highest risk for developing CABSIs. Our findings may help to guide improved methods of anticipating and controlling infections in immunocompromised patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:53–58. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fungal infection by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis mimicking bone tumor
Authors: Valera Elvis Terci , Mori Bianca Maria , Engel Edgard Eduard , Costa Igor Santos , Brandão Daniel Ferraciolli , Nogueira‐Barbosa Marcello Henrique , Queiroz Rosane Gomes de Paula , Silveira Vanessa da Silva , Scrideli Carlos Alberto , Tone Luiz Gonzaga 
Published: February 2008

AbstractParacoccidioides brasiliensis infection causes a systemic mycosis originally described in Latin America but with current reports of worldwide distribution. The clinical presentation of paracoccidiodomycosis as an isolated long‐bone lesion in children is quite unusual. This article describes a 10‐year‐old male with a lytic femoral bone lesion caused by P. brasiliensis infection that was first suspected of being of neoplasic etiology. The text also emphasizes the importance of including endemic fungal infections in the differential diagnosis of bone lesions. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1284–1286. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: A population‐based study
Authors: Stålemark Helen , Laurencikas Evaldas , Karis Jenny , Gavhed Désirée , Fadeel Bengt , Henter Jan‐Inge 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundLangerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease of unknown etiology. We wanted to assess the population‐based incidence of LCH in a well‐defined cohort of children.MethodsWe identified all children <15‐years old treated with LCH during the 10 years period 1992–2001 at the Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, the referral center for children with LCH in Stockholm County. We also contacted the Departments of Dermatology, Orthopedics, and Neurosurgery for possible additional patients.ResultsTwenty‐nine children (16 males) with LCH were identified, with a median age at diagnosis of 3.8 years (2 months–13.7 years). All children but one had a definitive diagnosis of LCH. The minimum incidence of LCH is estimated to 8.9/106 children per year. At diagnosis, 20 children (69%) had single system (SS) and 9 (31%) multisystem (MS) manifestations. Five of the 20 children with SS eventually developed MS disease, thus 14 (48%) had MS involvement at the maximal extent of disease (4.3/106 children per year). Interestingly, 22 children (76%) were diagnosed during the fall (September–November, n = 12) and winter (December–February, n = 10) seasons, as compared to seven children during the spring (March–May = 1) and summer (June–August = 6) seasons (P = 0.005, Chi‐square).ConclusionsThe incidence of childhood LCH in our study is higher than previously reported. In our patient cohort, LCH was more commonly diagnosed during the fall and winter season as compared to the spring and summer season. Whether this seasonal variation can be confirmed in larger studies and whether it has relevance for LCH pathophysiology remains to be elucidated. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:76–81. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diabetic ketoacidosis during therapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Roberson Jessica R. , Raju Sailaja , Shelso John , Pui Ching‐Hon , Howard Scott C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundHyperglycemia is common during therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs rarely. Morbidity due to DKA in children with ALL has not been systematically studied.ProceduresWe reviewed risk factors and clinical consequences of DKA in patients undergoing therapy for ALL at SJCRH between 1991 and 2006.ResultsDKA occurred in 6 of 797 evaluable patients. Only older age at diagnosis of ALL was a risk factor for DKA. Four of six patients with DKA as compared to 232 of the other 791 patients were older than 10 years (P = 0.03). Race, sex, body mass index, leukemia immunophenotype, ALL risk category, white blood cell count at diagnosis, and treatment protocol were not associated with DKA. All patients were managed with intravenous fluids, dietary modification, and short‐term use of insulin. Patients were hospitalized for 4–12 days, with a median ICU stay of 1 day. In two patients, correction of hyperglycemia was too rapid, and two others experienced hypoglycemia due to insulin therapy. There were no permanent complications of DKA or its treatment. No patient required long‐term insulin use. No patient had recurrent DKA; only one of the six patients had a subsequent hyperglycemia episode. All six patients are alive in remission 6–13 years after diagnosis.ConclusionsPatients with hyperglycemia during treatment for ALL should be screened for clinical evidence of DKA, which may require more intensive supportive care than those without ketoacidosis. The occurrence of DKA should not lead to alteration of ALL treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1207–1212. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solvent influence on the orthogonality of noncovalently functionalized terpolymers
Authors: Burd Caroline , Weck Marcus 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPoly(norbornene) terpolymers containing palladated sulfur‐carbon‐sulfur (SCS) pincer complexes, cyanuric acid, and thymine moieties in their side‐chains were synthesized by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization. Functionalization of the terpolymers was achieved by self‐assembling (i) the Hamilton wedge to the cyanuric acid receptor, (ii) diaminopyridine to the thymine receptor, and (iii) pyridine to the palladated pincer complexes. While all three noncovalent interactions are fully orthogonal to each other in dichloromethane, the employment of a dioxane/chloroform solvent mixture results in the quantitative disassembly of one of the hydrogen bonding recognition units (the Hamilton wedge:cyanuric acid pair) during the metal‐coordination event. This disassembly is completely independent from the diaminopyridine: thymine hydrogen‐bonding pair and allows for the selective removal of one of the side‐chain functionalities. This removal occurs with a switch‐type mechanism: as one functionality is put on (the pyridine), another one (the Hamilton‐wedge receptor) is taken off quantitatively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1936–1944, 2008
Electrochemical and optical properties of novel donor‐acceptor thiophene‐perylene‐thiophene polymers
Authors: Koyuncu Sermet , Kus Mahmut , Demic Serafettin , Kaya İsmet , Ozdemir Eyup , Icli Siddik 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this study, donor‐acceptor type thiophene‐perylene‐thiophene monomers were synthesized and polymerized by both oxidative polymerization using FeCl3 as catalyst and the electrochemical process. UV–vis, FTIR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis techniques were used for structural characterization. Thermal behaviors of these compounds were determined by using TGA system. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and electrochemical and optical band gap values were calculated by using the results of cyclic voltammetry and UV–vis measurements, respectively. The number–average molecular weight (Mn), weight–average molecular weight (Mw), and polydispersity index (PDI) values of synthesized polymers were determined by size exclusion chromatography. Conductivity measurements of these polymers were carried out by electrometer by using a four‐point probe technique. The conductivity was observed to be increased by iodine doping. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1974–1989, 2008
Solid‐supported synthesis of well‐defined amphiphilic block copolymer from methacrylates
Authors: Nagai Daisuke , Fujii Asuka , Ochiai Bungo , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new facile method for preparation of an amphiphilic block copolymer via a one‐pot sequential atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) on solid support was developed. As a model homopolymerization for the solid‐supported block copolymerization, ATRPs of MMA and HEMA in toluene and in 2‐butanone/1‐propanol solvent system were carried out, respectively. Crosslinked polystyrene beads bearing 2‐bromoisobutyrate moieties successfully initiated the polymerizations of MMA and HEMA in controlled manner. On the basis of the successful results, the one‐pot synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymer by changing the reaction medium was performed. After the ATRP of MMA in toluene at 90 °C for 1 h, the poly(MMA) formed on the beads were washed by continuous flow of 2‐butanone/1‐propanol under nitrogen with the aid of a glass filter in a U‐shaped glass vessel. Then, 2‐butanone/1‐propanol, copper chloride (I), 2,2′‐bipyridyl, and HEMA were added and heated at 50 °C for 48 h with shaking the vessel, followed by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid to isolate the well‐defined amphiphilic block copolymer, poly(MMA‐b‐HEMA). These demonstrated the feasibility of the present strategy for well‐defined synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers via a one‐pot procedure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1990–1997, 2008
Tripodal imidazole containing ligands for copper catalyzed ATRP
Authors: Yamamura Yuichi , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTripodal imidazole containing ligands, bis((2‐pyridyl)methyl)(1‐methylimidazole‐2‐yl)methyl)amine (BPIA) and bis(1‐methylimidazole‐2‐yl)methyl)((2‐pyridyl)methyl)amine (BIPA), were synthesized and used for copper catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n‐butyl acrylate (nBA). The molecular weights of poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PnBA) catalyzed by CuBr/BPIA and CuBr/BIPA complexes increased linearly with nBA conversions and they were close to theoretical values with low polydispersities. ATRP equilibrium rate constant (KATRP) measurements showed that bothCuBr/BPIA and CuBr/BIPA complexes had high KATRP values, similar to that of CuBr/tri(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA), which is one of the ATRP most active ligands. Activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP of nBA with CuBr2/BPIA and CuBr2/BIPA complexes were also conducted and polymerization reached high nBA conversions, resulting in PnBA with low polydispersities. This suggests that the copper complexes with BPIA and BIPA were sufficiently stable and active to conduct ATRP when catalyst concentration was low. ARGET ATRP to form high molecular weight PnBA with CuBr2/BPIA and CuBr2/BIPA complexes was also successful. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2015–2024, 2008
Ethylene polymerizations, and the copolymerizations of ethylene with hexene or norbornene with highly active mono(β‐enaminoketonato) vanadium(III) catalysts
Authors: Tang Li‐Ming , Wu Ji‐Qian , Duan Yi‐Qun , Pan Li , Li Yan‐Guo , Li Yue‐Sheng 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFive novel vanadium(III) complexes [PhN = C(R2)CHC(R1)O]VCl2(THF)2 (4a: R1 = Ph, R2 = CF3; 4b: R1 = t‐Bu, R2 = CF3; 4c: R1 = CF3, R2 = CH3; 4d: R1 = Ph, R2 = CH3; 4e: R1 = Ph, R2 = H) have been synthesized and characterized. On activation with Et2AlCl, all the complexes, in the presence of ethyl trichloroacetate (ETA) as a promoter, are highly active precatalysts for ethylene polymerization, and produce high molecular weight and linear polymers. Catalyst activities more than 16.8 kg PE/mmolV h bar and weight‐average molecular weights higher than 173 kg/mol were observed under mild conditions. The copolymerizations of ethylene and norbornene or 1‐hexene with the precatalysts were also explored, which leads to high molecular weight copolymers with high comonomer incorporation. Catalyst activity, comonomer incorporation, and polymer molecular weight as well as polydispersity index can be controlled over a wide range by the variation of precatalyst structure and the reaction parameters such as Al/V molar ratio, comonomer feed concentration, and polymerization temperature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2038–2048, 2008
Systematic investigation of functional core variation within hyperbranched polyglycerols
Authors: Barriau Emilie , Pastor‐Pérez Lourdes , Berger‐Nicoletti Elena , Kilbinger Andreas F. M. , Frey Holger , Stiriba Salah‐Eddine 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA novel series of hyperbranched polyether polyols with various n‐alkyl amine cores (mono‐ and bifunctional) and photoactive cores (benzylamine and 1‐naphthylmethylamine) have been prepared. Polymerization of glycidol was carried out in two ways, starting directly from primary amine initiators and from bisglycidolized amine initiators. NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) showed good control over the molecular weights only, when bisglycidolized amines were used. Molecular weights and polydispersity of the hyperbranched polyglycerols prepared with these initiator‐cores were in the range of 1600 to 8400 g/mol and of 1.5 to 2.5, respectively. MALDI‐ToF mass spectrometry confirmed covalent attachment of the functional cores to the hyperbranched polymers. When using the bis‐glycidolized amine‐initiators, only functionally initiated polymers could be observed. In contrast, the direct amine‐initiated polymers always showed the presence of nonfunctionalized PG homopolymer. Steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence measurements further support covalent attachment and site isolation of the functional initiators within the hyperbranched structure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2049–2061, 2008
Synthesis, characterization, and nucleotidic chain cleavage ability of uncharged water soluble poly(ethylene glycol)‐fullerene derivatives with an amphiphilic character
Authors: Vitalini Daniele , Spina Emanuela , Dattilo Sandro , Mineo Placido , Scamporrino Emilio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWater‐soluble fullerenes containing two poly(ethylene glycol) branches [Full‐(PEG)2] were prepared starting from commercial poly(ethylene glycol)‐monomethyl ethers and C60 [Full‐(PEG)2]s chemical characterization was made by FT‐IR, NMR, and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometric analyses. Their thermal stability was determined by TGA experiments. The capability of C60‐derivatives to induce oligonucleotide cleavage under visible light irradiation was also ascertained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2154–2153, 2008
Synthesis of ABCD 4‐Miktoarm star‐shaped quarterpolymers by combination of the “click” chemistry with multiple polymerization mechanism
Authors: Wang Guowei , Luo Xiaolan , Liu Chao , Huang Junlian 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWell‐defined ABCD 4‐Miktoarm star‐shaped quarterpolymers of [poly(styrene)‐poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(isoprene)] [star(PS‐PtBA‐PEO‐PI)] were successfully synthesized by the combination of the “click” chemistry and multiple polymerization mechanism. First, the poly(styryl)lithium (PS−Li+) and the poly(isoprene)lithium (PI−Li+) were capped by ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether (EEGE) to form the PS and PI with both an active ω‐hydroxyl group and an ω′‐ethoxyethyl‐protected hydroxyl group, respectively. After these two hydroxyl groups were selectively modified to propargyl and 2‐bromoisobutyryl group for PS, the resulted PS was used as macroinitiator for ATRP of tBA monomer and the diblock copolymer PS‐b‐PtBA with a propargyl group at the junction point was achieved. Then, using the functionalized PI as macroinitiator for ROP of EO monomer and bromoethane as blocking agent, the diblock copolymer PI‐b‐PEO with a protected hydroxyl group at the conjunction point was synthesized. After the hydrolysis, the recovered hydroxyl group of PI‐b‐PEO was modified to bromoacetyl and then azide group successively. Finally, the “click” chemistry between them was proceeded smoothly. The obtained star‐shaped quarterpolymers and intermediates were characterized by 1H NMR, FT‐IR, and SEC in detail. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2154–2166, 2008
The comonomer inducing selective β‐methyl elimination chain transfer: A new approach for end‐functionalizations of syndiotactic polypropylene‐based copolymers
Authors: Lin Wen‐Fu , Tsai Jing‐Cherng 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe end‐functionalization of syndiotactic polypropylene‐based copolymers can be accomplished by conducting propylene polymerization in the presence of norbornene using Me2C(Cp)(Flu)ZrCl2/MAO as the catalyst. The detailed structural analyses clearly reveal the occurrence of the β‐methyl elimination chain transfer reaction that leads to the generation of the ethenyl group end‐capped syndiotactic polypropylene‐based propylene–norbornene copolymer. Subsequently, the ethenyl group end‐capped copolymer can be used for the preparation of other end‐functionalized syndiotactic polypropylene‐based copolymers by conducting organic functional group transformation reactions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2167–2176, 2008
Solvent‐free free‐radical frontal polymerization: A new approach to quickly synthesize poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)
Authors: Cai Xiaojing , Chen Su , Chen Li 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe first synthesis of poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) without solvent by free‐radical frontal polymerization at ambient pressure is reported. The appropriate amounts of two reactants N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP) and initiator 2,2′‐azobis‐isobutyronitrile (AIBN) without solvent were mixed together at ambient temperature. Frontal polymerization was initiated by heating the wall of the tube with a soldering iron, and the resultant hot fronts were allowed to self‐propagate throughout the reaction vessel. Once initiated, no further energy was required for polymerization to occur. To suppress the fingers of molten monomer, a small amount of nanosilica was added. The dependence of the front velocity and front temperature on the AIBN concentration was thoroughly investigated. The as‐prepared polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results show that without postpolymerization solvent removal, waste production can be reduced. Solvent‐free FP could be exploited as a means for preparation of PVP with the potential advantage of higher throughput than solvent‐based methods. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2177–2185, 2008
Mechano‐reversible physical aging of elastic oriented syndiotactic polypropylene
Authors: Guadagno Liberata , Naddeo Carlo , Vittoria Vittoria 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSyndiotactic polypropylene (sPP), obtained at 0 °C in the trans‐planar mesophase, was drawn at room temperature up to λ = 6, and left at room temperature for 1 year with fixed or relaxed ends. Data analysis allowed the clarification of the structure of the crystalline phases and their transformations during the aging. In both oriented samples similar structural changes were observed, although they were due to different aging mechanisms. The physical aging led to the crystallization in both samples of an oriented helical form, due to a partial transformation of the mesophase and of the amorphous phase. In the oriented sample aged with fixed ends, a small fraction of the crystalline trans‐planar form III became stable even by releasing the tension after 1 year. This last sample did not undergo the large shrinkage, always observed by unloaded sPP after drawing, and therefore was no more elastic. Also, the sample aged with free ends for 1 year showed a reduced elasticity in terms of both dissipated energy and permanent set. However, after a new deformation up to λ = 6, the fiber recovered its previous elasticity. Indeed a mechano‐reversibility was apparent for the oriented elastic sample of sPP aged at room temperature with free ends, leading to a renewed elasticity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 599–606, 2008