bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse effects during the treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in children with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Kowala‐Piaskowska Arleta , Mozer‐Lisewska Iwona , Figlerowicz Magdalena , Służewski Wojciech 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurposeAdministration of pegylated interferon‐alpha (IFN‐alpha) and ribavirin in adults with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a recommended therapeutic standard. Nevertheless, this therapeutic regimen rises numerous controversies. The aim of this study was to analyze adverse effects during the treatment with pegylated IFN‐alpha and ribavirin in children with CHC.MethodsStudy group comprised 30 children with CHC, age 8–19 years (mean 13,6 years), 9 girls and 21 boys. All patients were administered two medication therapy with pegylated IFN‐alpha‐2b in the dose of 1.5 µg/kg of body weight 1×/week subcutaneously and daily oral ribavirin 15 mg/kg of bodyweight for 48 weeks. Blood samples were taken at baseline and every 4 weeks during the whole treatment and 24 weeks of follow‐up period. Panel of test included: cellular blood count and smear, ALT activity, bilirubin level. Patients complaints were noticed during every visit. Thyroid hormones and antibodies were checked every 3 months. Children were divided into group A that responded to treatment and group B—nonresponders.ResultsAbnormalities in laboratory tests (white blood cells, neutrophils, haemoglobin) were observed mainly during first weeks of treatment. Mean bilirubin level and platelets were normal. Mean ALT normalized during the treatment. After 12–16 weeks of the therapy somatic adverse effects decreased significantly.ConclusionsAdministration of pegylated IFN‐alpha and ribavirin in children with CHC is related to characteristic adverse effects. Periodical dose reduction was necessary. Although side effects and subjective patient complaints were present, children attended school without difficulties. Constant monitoring is required during the whole treatment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The US drug safety system: role of the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Gibson Brent R. , Suh Ryung , Tilson Hugh 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurposeDespite increasingly strident calls for improved drug safety in the United States, recent events underscore the continuing gap among manufacturers, regulators, patients, and physicians. In the period leading to the recent Institute of Medicine report on the future of drug safety, representatives from industry were given an opportunity to provide input into this report. In light of continuing concerns about drug safety and pending legislation, this original perspective provides an important context.MethodsThis work consolidates the views of representatives of individual pharmaceutical companies; the large industry trade associations, the Pharmaceutical Researchers and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) and the Biotechnology Industry Association (BIO); and those of the authors with regard to the industry role of drug safety in the United States.ResultsTo ensure continued protection of the public's health, manufacturers must recognize themselves as critical to ensuring safe products; maintain corporate safety functions separate from marketing functions; provide oversight by a senior medical executive; engage in structured epidemiological research, risk assessment, and risk communication; and mandate the formation and maintenance of an internal, interdisciplinary, senior level safety council.ConclusionsThe importance of aggressive and accountable drug safety will only become more salient as the public and their elected representatives demand better accountability from industry. Individual corporations now have the opportunity to move first to counter perceptions of profit over safety and to ensure that their business practices adequately protect the public's health. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individualized education programs for youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Wilczynski Susan M. , Menousek Kathryn , Hunter Melissa , Mudgal Dipti 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) present with a broad array of deficits and excesses that require educational intervention. The Individualized Education Program (IEP) serves as the blueprint for educational intervention but it can sometimes be difficult to identify which goals and objectives should be addressed with this population. It is necessary to be familiar with the defining features of ASD and the associated characteristics that youth may demonstrate in order to develop appropriate educational goals and objectives. The purpose of this article is to review the broad range of characteristics often evidenced by youth with ASD and to associate these features with specific skills to consider when developing IEP goals and objectives. This article primarily concentrates on providing an extensive list of skills and subskills that should be considered whenever children have been diagnosed or verified with an ASD. Finally, resources that may aid educators in developing IEPs are provided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 653–666, 2007.
Discrete trials teaching
Authors: Ghezzi Patrick M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe advantages of emphasizing discrete trials teaching over discrete trials training are presented first, followed by a discussion of discrete trials as a method of teaching that emerged historically—and as a matter of necessity for difficult learners such as those with autism—from discrete trials as a method for laboratory research. The elements of discrete trials teaching are presented next, and after that a set of guidelines for discrete trials teaching is given and elaborated upon. A final note on deciding what to teach and how best to teach it concludes the article. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 667–679, 2007.
Using naturalistic procedures to enhance learning in individuals with autism: A focus on generalized teaching within the school setting
Authors: Cowan Richard J. , Allen Keith D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChildren with autism often have difficulty successfully applying newly acquired skills to novel situations. Naturalistic teaching procedures have been developed to help address this problem with generalization. These naturalistic procedures promote generalization through the use of natural consequences, diverse training, and the incorporation of mediators. The purpose of this article is to define these tactics and then describe and review three popular naturalistic teaching approaches: incidental teaching, pivotal response training, and script‐fading. The article will also review the research support for these procedures and conclude with a discussion of implications for research and practice. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 701–715, 2007.
Social skills interventions for children with autism
Authors: Scattone Dorothy 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAutism is characterized by deficits in pretend play, perspective taking, initiating and responding to others, and other profound social impairments. As the incidence of children being identified with autism increases, so does the need for effective interventions that target social skills development. Over the last decade, social skills interventions have become more sophisticated, incorporating video technology and naturalistic teaching procedures. Many of these studies have been shown to generalize across settings, participants, and to individuals not directly involved in these studies. Although the small sample sizes make generalization of findings to the population at large somewhat problematic, continued replication of these studies and the development of increasingly sophisticated social skills interventions may lead to broader interpretation and application. This article reviews critical research conducted over the past 15 years on social skills interventions. To aid in the implementation of these interventions, suggestions for application and a list of references follow the review. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 717–726, 2007.
Social play skill enhancement of children with autism using peers and siblings as therapists
Authors: Bass Jennifer D. , Mulick James A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPeer‐mediated approaches represent the largest and most empirically supported type of social intervention for children with autism. In this article, we discuss peer‐initiation strategies, the peer‐mediated intervention that has been most used to teach typically developing peers or siblings to improve the social play skills of children with autism. Also discussed are additional intervention strategies that have preliminary research support including: integrated play groups, peer buddy systems, and group oriented contingencies. Practical information regarding how to apply peer‐initiation strategies and peer buddy systems in the school setting is also provided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 727–735, 2007.
100 Tesla für die Forschung. Das Hochfeld‐Magnetlabor in Dresden
Authors: Herrmannsdörfer Thomas , Wosnitza Jochen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHohe Magnetfelder können Materialien in neue Zustände versetzen. Sie erlauben zudem Präzisionsmessungen, die unser heutiges Wissen über die elektronischen, magnetischen und thermodynamischen Materialeigenschaften entscheidend erweitern können. Das Hochfeld‐Magnetlabor Dresden besitzt eine technisch aufwendige Anlage mit einer Doppelspule, die gepulste Magnetfelder bis 100 T zerstörungsfrei produzieren soll. Die Pulslänge von etwa zehn Millisekunden ist im Vergleich zu den zu erforschenden Phänomenen so lang, dass das Magnetfeld quasistatisch ist. Erste experimentelle Resultate in gepulsten Magnetfeldern bis 70 T zeigen das Potenzial dieser Forschungsanlage, die nun der Forschung zur Verfügung steht.
Liveschaltung ins Atom. Zeitaufgelöste Attosekunden‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Uiberacker Matthias 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMit sehr kurzen Laserpulsen aus sichtbarem Licht und noch kürzeren Röntgenpulsen ist es möglich, atomare Prozesse auf der Zeitskala von wenigen hundert Attosekunden zu vermessen. Weiche Röntgenpulse mit einer Dauer von 250 Attosekunden konnten schon erzeugt werden. Sie erlauben Auflösung der Messzeit von etwa 100 Attosekunden. Mit Hilfe dieser Pulse gelang es erstmals, die einzelnen Schwingungen des elektrischen Feldes eines Laserpulses aufzuzeichnen. Damit wurden zum ersten Mal Auger‐Prozesse in Edelgasatomen abgetastet. Das gelang auch bei der Ionisation von Materie durch starke Lichtpulse.
Grundlagenforschung mit FAIR
Authors: Augustin Ingo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDie Teilchenphysik strebt keineswegs ausschließlich nach immer höheren Energien. Es gibt noch viele grundlegende Fragen in der Kern‐ und Teilchenphysik, die sich nicht mit großen Beschleunigern wie dem zukünftigen LHC beantworten lassen. Die Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) wird viele dieser Fragen angehen. Diese Anlage kann sämtliche Atomkerne vom Wasserstoff bis zum Uran bis auf etwa 99 % der Lichtgeschwindigkeit beschleunigen. Der Startschuss für diese Großforschungsanlage erfolgt am 7. November 2007, ab 2012 sollen die ersten Experimente den Betrieb aufnehmen.
Die Frau und der Computer
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIm Alter von fünf Jahren stellt die Gesuchte angeblich ihrer Mutter die Frage, ob Väter und Großväter dasselbe sind. Kein Wunder, schließlich versteht die Mutter es, ihre Tochter vollkommen vom Vater abzuschotten: Die Eltern leben in Trennung. Gleichzeitig fördert die Mutter bei ihrer Tochter deren technische Interessen nach Kräften, auch wegen ihres Faibles für Mathematik.
Polymerphysikers Proteinmayonnaise
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn jedem Kochbuch steht als Grundrezept für Mayonnaise: Man nehme zwei Eigelb, beträufle sie mit etwas Zitronensaft, schlage sie mit einem Schneebesen schaumig und gebe dabei Öl in einem feinen Strahl dazu, bis eine feste Mayonnaise entsteht. Dies funktioniert gut, denn Eigelb enthält das grenzflächenaktive Molekül Lecithin, das seinen wasserliebenden Kopf in die wässerige Phase streckt und sein fettliebendes Schwänzchen in das Öl taucht. Was aber macht man mit dem Eiklar? Ganz einfach: auch Mayonnaise – denn dessen Proteine sind ebenfalls grenzflächenaktiv. Sogar viel effektiver.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root proteome and differentially expressed root proteins between hybrid and parents
Authors: Song Xiao , Ni Zhongfu , Yao Yingyin , Xie Chaojie , Li Zhenxing , Wu Haiyan , Zhang Yinhong , Sun Qixin 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTo better understand the development of wheat roots, a reference map of the major soluble proteins of wheat roots was established using a combination of 2‐DE and MALDI TOF MS and MS/MS, and a total of 450 protein spots were detected with silver staining in a pH ranges of 4–7, of which 282 spots corresponding to 240 proteins were identified. These identified proteins were grouped into diverse functional categories. In comparison with a wheat leave proteome, in root, proteins involved in metabolism and transport were over‐represented, whereas proteins involved in energy, disease and defense, transcription, and signal transduction were under‐represented. To further get an insight into the molecular basis of wheat heterosis, differential proteome analysis between hybrid and parents were performed. A total of 45 differentially expressed protein spots were detected, and both quantitative and qualitative differences could be observed. Moreover, 25 of the 45 differentially expressed protein spots were identified, which were involved in metabolism, signal transduction, energy, cell growth and division, disease and defense, secondary metabolism. These results indicated that hybridization between two parental lines can cause expression differences between wheat hybrid and its parents not only at mRNA levels but also at protein abundances.
Polyacrylamide lamination enables mass spectrometry compatible staining and in‐gel digestion of proteins separated by agarose IEF
Authors: Hellman Jukka 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAgarose IEF enables the separation of large proteins and protein complexes. A complication of agarose gels attached onto polyester support is the lack of sensitive protein staining methods compatible with protein analysis and identification protocols. In this study, agarose IEF gels were used to separate the proteins, followed by layering the agarose with polyacrylamide. The formed laminate gels were seamless and durable and they were readily detached from the polyester. The gels were amenable to MS compatible staining. The sensitivity obtained with the acidic silver staining method was 20–50 ng/band of myoglobin. Laminated agarose was a suitable matrix for in‐gel digestion based generation of tryptic peptides for MALDI‐MS.
Proteome map of the normal murine ventricular myocardium
Authors: Lam Lien , Arthur Jonathan , Semsarian Christopher 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The underlying mechanisms involved in cardiac dysfunction and heart failure are poorly understood. In this study, 2‐DE was utilised to map, for the first time, proteins of normal, nonfailing mouse ventricular tissues to form a basis for future comparative analysis of mouse models with cardiovascular disorders. Proteins were obtained from ventricles of C57BL6 mice, aged 18 wk, and separated by 2‐DE. A total of 150 protein spots, corresponding to 77 distinct proteins, were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS. The proteins identified in mouse ventricles covered a wide range of biological processes (e.g. cell cycle, muscle contraction and signal transduction), with the majority of proteins contributing to cardiomyocyte energetics and cell structure. This 2‐D gel map of mouse myocardial proteins will be an invaluable tool in proteomic research for the detection of protein changes and identifying cardiac biomarkers of cardiovascular disease.
Fiber‐packed channel bioreactor for microfluidic protein digestion
Authors: Fan Huizhi , Chen Gang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe fabrication and performance of a fiber‐packed channel bioreactor in microchip along with its application in protein analysis were reported. The feasibility and performance of the unique microfluidic bioreactor were demonstrated by the tryptic digestion of myoglobin (MYO) and BSA. The on‐chip digestion was carried out at a flow rate of 2.0 μL/min and the digestion time was significantly reduced to less than 5 s. The digests were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS with sequence coverages of 66% (MYO) and 40% (BSA) that were comparable to those obtained by the conventional in‐solution tryptic digestion. The present fiber‐based microchip bioreactor provides a promising platform for the high‐throughput protein identification.
Novel photochromic spiro compounds based on thieno[3,2‐b]pyrroles
Authors: Krayushkin Mikhail M. , Shirinian Valerii Z. , Shimkin Alexey A. , Mailian Arthur K. , Metelitsa Anatoly V. , Bezugliy Sergei O. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPreviously unknown spiro compounds of thienopyrroline series were synthesized by a convenient method starting from easily accessible 3‐hydroxythiophene derivatives. The photochromic properties of spiro compounds of thienopyrroline series were studied. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boundary methods for optical nano structures
Authors: Hafner Ch. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper, boundary methods for solving Maxwell equations are outlined with a focus on the Multiple Multipole Program (MMP) that is very advanced and well suited when high reliability and accuracy of the results is required. After the presentation of the Generalized Point Matching (GPM) technique, that is currently the best method when matrices with high condition numbers shall be handled, different field expansions are given and applied to relatively simple structures for demonstrating the concept. Simple 2D and 3D simulations are shown as illustrations. After this, a method for the efficient handling of axi‐symmetric structures by means of ring multipoles is presented. Finally, the method is applied to a few illustrative structures that exhibit attractive features, namely plasmon resonances and optical nano jets. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Estimation of ARX parametric model in regional economic systems
Authors: Zheng Shi , Zheng Wen , Jin Xia 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to show how an economic system model can be selected that would allow a regional authority to control the economy of a region. This paper presents a new idea of system identification method based on fuzzy evaluation logic. It applies parametric estimation in analyzing the data of the inputs and the outputs in a nonlinear system, and then selects a regional economic system model from several nonlinear models by means of the system identification method. Due to the lower explanatory power of the present models, this paper focuses on the shortcomings of the present model based on a simple mechanism methodology which has a complicated structure and lots of variables. An alternative is to construct an ARX model with systematic consideration. The advantage of ARX model is simple, with few variables as well as being actually data‐based. The result is that ARX117 model is the best one, and the IV Estimation Method is the one we suggest for use. Since this ARX model can reflect the complex characteristics of a regional economic system by integration of experts' knowledge, we can design the most reasonable fuzzy controller for a regional economic system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 10: 290–296, 2007
Hydrothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Luminescence of Two Novel Metal‐organic Frameworks
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Li , Wang Ji‐Jiang , Hu Huai‐Ming , Fu Feng , Shu Hui‐Ming , Yang Meng‐Lin , Xue Gang‐Lin , Du Chuan‐Qin , Yao Yue‐Juan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTwo novel metal–organic coordination polymers, [Cd(bqdc)(phen)2]n (1), [Cd(bqdc)(phen)]n (2), (H2bqdc = 2,2′‐biquinoline‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) were obtained with different metal/ligand ratios through hydrothermal method. Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In two complexes, central Cd2+ ions and (bqdc)2− ligands display completely different coordination modes. 1 is a 1‐D zigzag chain, two phen ligands chelate to one cadmium atom, which is rare in similar polymers. 2 is a 3‐D framework, exhibits an unusual eight‐coordinate structure (CdN2O6) and the coordination polyhedron can be described as distorted monocapped pentagonal bipyramid. 1 and 2 are stable in air, and show blue photoluminescence at room temperature.
Synthesis and Structures of Two One‐dimensional Coordination Polymers: [Co(NCS)2(dpds)2] and [Cu(ox)(Im)2]
Authors: Carballo Rosa , Covelo Berta , Fernández‐Hermida Nuria , Vázquez‐López Ezequiel M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTwo new coordination polymers, [Co(NCS)2(dpds)2] (dpds = 4,4′‐dipyridyldisulfide) (1) and [Cu(ox)(Im)2] (Im = Imidazole) (2), were obtained and structurally characterized. Single‐crystal analyses show that both complexes have a one‐dimensional structure, which in 1 corresponds to a double‐stranded chain that gives rise to metallacyclic units. Compound 2 was serendipitously obtained by aerial oxidation of the acetate precursor in the presence of CuII and imidazole. The supramolecular organization is achieved in 1 through weak S···S interactions between chains and in 2 by means of strong NHIm···Oox hydrogen bonding.
Synthesis of Mixed‐ligand Complexes of Copper(II) with Lactate and 2,2′‐Dipyridylamine: Study of the Effect of Weak Interactions on their Crystal Packing
Authors: Carballo Rosa , Covelo Berta , Fernández‐Hermida Nuria , Lago Ana B. , Vázquez‐López Ezequiel M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTwo new mononuclear mixed‐ligand complexes [Cu(HL)(OAc)(dipyam)] (1)·H2O and [Cu(HL)Cl(dipyam)] (2)·Solv (HL = monoanionic lactate and dipyam = 2,2′‐dipyridylamine) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction. The supramolecular association in these complexes have also been analyzed. In both cases the copper(II) ion is in a slightly distorted square‐pyramidal environment. The two complexes are extended into 3D networks, through hydrogen bonding alone in 1 and through both hydrogen bonding and π‐π interactions in 2.
Synthese und Struktur von [Au10Se5(dppa)4{Co2(CO)5}4]
Authors: Sevillano Paloma , Fuhr Olaf , Fenske Dieter 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSynthesis and Structure of [Au10Se5(dppa)4{Co2(CO)5}4]The reaction of [(AuCl)2dppa] (dppa = 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethyne) with [Co2(CO)8] and Se(SiMe3)2 in CH2Cl2 results in the formation of [Au10Se5(dppa)4{Co2(CO)5}4] (1). This compound was characterized using elemental analysis, IR‐spectroscopy and its crystal structure determined by X‐ray diffraction. The molecular structure of 1 shows ten gold atoms bonded to selenium or to phosphorus atoms belonging to the four phosphine ligands (dppa). In all cases a [Co2(CO)5] fragment has been added across the triple bond of the phosphine ligands. Four of the selenium atoms are μ3‐bridges between gold atoms or gold and cobalt atoms, acting the fifth selenium atom as a μ4‐bridge between one cobalt and three gold atoms.