bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Reassessment of the Function of the So-Called Compatible Solutes in the Halophytic Plumbaginaceae Limonium latifolium
Authors: Gagneul David , Aïnouche Abdelkader , Duhazé Claire , Lugan Raphaël , Larher François Robert , Bouchereau Alain 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The compatible solute hypothesis posits that maintaining osmotic equilibrium under conditions of high salinity requires synthesis of organic compounds, uptake of potassium ions, and partial exclusion of NaCl. To assess whether osmotic adaptation in Limonium latifolium proceeds according to this hypothesis, a comprehensive analysis of solute accumulation during NaCl treatments was conducted. Determination of prevailing inorganic ions and establishment of the metabolic profiles for low M r organic substances revealed that contrary to the mentioned hypothesis the major contributors to osmolarity were constituted by inorganic solutes. Independent of salinity, only 25% of this osmolarity resulted from organic solutes such as Suc and hexoses. Proline (Pro), β-alanine betaine, and choline-O-sulfate were minor contributors to osmolarity. Compatible inositols also occurred, especially chiro-inositol, characterized for the first time in this species, to our knowledge. Principal component analysis showed that only a limited number of metabolic reconfigurations occurred in response to dynamic changes in salinity. Under such conditions only sugars, chiro-inositol, and Pro behave as active osmobalancers. Analysis of metabolic profiles during acclimatization to either mild salinity or nonsaline conditions showed that organic solute accumulation is predominantly controlled by constitutive developmental programs, some of which might be slightly modulated by salinity. Osmolarity provided under such conditions can be sufficient to maintain turgor in salinized seedlings. Compartmental analysis of Pro and β-alanine betaine in leaf tissues demonstrated that these solutes, mainly located in vacuoles under nonsaline conditions, could be partly directed to the cytosol in response to salinization. Thus they did not conform with the predictions of the compatible solute hypothesis.
The COMATOSE ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Is Required for Full Fertility in Arabidopsis
Authors: Footitt Steven , Dietrich Daniela , Fait Aaron , Fernie Alisdair R. , Holdsworth Michael J. , Baker Alison , Theodoulou Frederica L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCOMATOSE (CTS) encodes a peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette transporter required not only for β-oxidation of storage lipids during germination and establishment, but also for biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and conversion of indole butyric acid to indole acetic acid. cts mutants exhibited reduced fertilization, which was rescued by genetic complementation, but not by exogenous application of jasmonic acid or indole acetic acid. Reduced fertilization was also observed in thiolase (kat2-1) and peroxisomal acyl-Coenzyme A synthetase mutants (lacs6-1,lacs7-1), indicating a general role for β-oxidation in fertility. Genetic analysis revealed reduced male transmission of cts alleles and both cts pollen germination and tube growth in vitro were impaired in the absence of an exogenous carbon source. Aniline blue staining of pollinated pistils demonstrated that pollen tube growth was affected only when both parents bore the cts mutation, indicating that expression of CTS in either male or female tissues was sufficient to support pollen tube growth in vivo. Accordingly, abundant peroxisomes were detected in a range of maternal tissues. Although γ-aminobutyric acid levels were reduced in flowers of cts mutants, they were unchanged in kat2-1, suggesting that alterations in γ-aminobutyric acid catabolism do not contribute to the reduced fertility phenotype through altered pollen tube targeting. Taken together, our data support an important role for β-oxidation in fertility in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and suggest that this pathway could play a role in the mobilization of lipids in both pollen and female tissues.
Overlap of Proteome Changes inMedicago truncatulain Response to Auxin andSinorhizobium meliloti
Authors: van Noorden Giel E. , Kerim Tursun , Goffard Nicolas , Wiblin Robert , Pellerone Flavia I. , Rolfe Barry G. , Mathesius Ulrike 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe used proteome analysis to identify proteins induced during nodule initiation and in response to auxin in Medicago truncatula. From previous experiments, which found a positive correlation between auxin levels and nodule numbers in the M. truncatula supernodulation mutant sunn (supernumerary nodules), we hypothesized (1) that auxin mediates protein changes during nodulation and (2) that auxin responses might differ between the wild type and the supernodulating sunn mutant during nodule initiation. Increased expression of the auxin response gene GH3:β-glucuronidase was found during nodule initiation in M. truncatula, similar to treatment of roots with auxin. We then used difference gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry to compare proteomes of wild-type and sunn mutant roots after 24 h of treatment with Sinorhizobium meliloti, auxin, or a control. We identified 131 of 270 proteins responding to treatment with S. meliloti and/or auxin, and 39 of 89 proteins differentially displayed between the wild type and sunn. The majority of proteins changed similarly in response to auxin and S. meliloti after 24 h in both genotypes, supporting hypothesis 1. Proteins differentially accumulated between untreated wild-type and sunn roots also showed changes in auxin response, consistent with altered auxin levels in sunn. However, differences between the genotypes after S. meliloti inoculation were largely not due to differential auxin responses. The role of the identified candidate proteins in nodule initiation and the requirement for their induction by auxin could be tested in future functional studies.
Identification of a Novel Chloroplast Protein AtNYE1 Regulating Chlorophyll Degradation during Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ren Guodong , An Kun , Liao Yang , Zhou Xiao , Cao Yajun , Zhao Huifang , Ge Xiaochun , Kuai Benke 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A dramatic increase of chlorophyll (Chl) degradation occurs during senescence of vegetative plant organs and fruit ripening. Although the biochemical pathway of Chl degradation has long been proposed, little is known about its regulatory mechanism. Identification of Chl degradation-disturbed mutants and subsequently isolation of responsible genes would greatly facilitate the elucidation of the regulation of Chl degradation. Here, we describe a nonyellowing mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), nye1-1, in which 50% Chl was retained, compared to less than 10% in the wild type (Columbia-0), at the end of a 6-d dark incubation. Nevertheless, neither photosynthesis- nor senescence-associated process was significantly affected in nye1-1. Characteristically, a significant reduction in pheophorbide a oxygenase activity was detected in nye1-1. However, no detectable accumulation of either chlorophyllide a or pheophorbide a was observed. Reciprocal crossings revealed that the mutant phenotype was caused by a monogenic semidominant nuclear mutation. We have identified AtNYE1 by positional cloning. Dozens of its putative orthologs, predominantly appearing in higher plant species, were identified, some of which have been associated with Chl degradation in a few crop species. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that AtNYE1 was drastically induced by senescence signals. Constitutive overexpression of AtNYE1 could result in either pale-yellow true leaves or even albino seedlings. These results collectively indicate that NYE1 plays an important regulatory role in Chl degradation during senescence by modulating pheophorbide a oxygenase activity.
Maize Histone Deacetylasehda101Is Involved in Plant Development, Gene Transcription, and Sequence-Specific Modulation of Histone Modification of Genes and Repeats
Authors: Rossi Vincenzo , Locatelli Sabrina , Varotto Serena , Donn Guenter , Pirona Raul , Henderson David A. , Hartings Hans , Motto Mario 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEnzymes catalyzing histone acetylation and deacetylation contribute to the modulation of chromatin structure, thus playing an important role in regulating gene and genome activity. We showed that downregulation and overexpression of the maize (Zea mays) Rpd3-type hda101 histone deacetylase gene induced morphological and developmental defects. Total levels of acetylated histones and histone acetylation of both repetitive and nonrepetitive sequences were affected in hda101 transgenic mutants. However, only transcript levels of genes but not repeats were altered. In particular, hda101 transgenic mutants showed differential expression of genes involved in vegetative-to-reproductive transition, such as liguleless2 and knotted-like genes and their repressor rough sheath2, which are required for meristem initiation and maintenance. Perturbation of hda101 expression also affected histone modifications other than acetylation, including histone H3 dimethylation at Lys-4 and Lys-9 and phosphorylation at Ser-10. Our results indicate that hda101 affects gene transcription and provide evidence of its involvement in setting the histone code, thus mediating developmental programs. Possible functional differences between maize hda101 and its Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog HDA19 are discussed.
TheArabidopsisAAA ATPase SKD1 Is Involved in Multivesicular Endosome Function and Interacts with Its Positive Regulator LYST-INTERACTING PROTEIN5
Authors: Haas Thomas J. , Sliwinski Marek K. , Martínez Dana E. , Preuss Mary , Ebine Kazuo , Ueda Takashi , Nielsen Erik , Odorizzi Greg , Otegui Marisa S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn yeast and mammals, the AAA ATPase Vps4p/SKD1 (for Vacuolar protein sorting 4/SUPPRESSOR OF K+ TRANSPORT GROWTH DEFECT1) is required for the endosomal sorting of secretory and endocytic cargo. We identified a VPS4/SKD1 homolog in Arabidopsis thaliana, which localizes to the cytoplasm and to multivesicular endosomes. In addition, green fluorescent protein–SKD1 colocalizes on multivesicular bodies with fluorescent fusion protein endosomal Rab GTPases, such as ARA6/RabF1, RHA1/RabF2a, and ARA7/RabF2b, and with the endocytic marker FM4-64. The expression of SKD1E232Q, an ATPase-deficient version of SKD1, induces alterations in the endosomal system of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow 2 cells and ultimately leads to cell death. The inducible expression of SKD1E232Q in Arabidopsis resulted in enlarged endosomes with a reduced number of internal vesicles. In a yeast two-hybrid screen using Arabidopsis SKD1 as bait, we isolated a putative homolog of mammalian LYST-INTERACTING PROTEIN5 (LIP5)/SKD1 BINDING PROTEIN1 and yeast Vta1p (for Vps twenty associated 1 protein). Arabidopsis LIP5 acts as a positive regulator of SKD1 by increasing fourfold to fivefold its in vitro ATPase activity. We isolated a knockout homozygous Arabidopsis mutant line with a T-DNA insertion in LIP5. lip5 plants are viable and show no phenotypic alterations under normal growth conditions, suggesting that basal SKD1 ATPase activity is sufficient for plant development and growth.
Roles of Arabidopsis Cyclin-Dependent Kinase C Complexes in Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Infection, Plant Growth, and Development
Authors: Cui Xiaofeng , Fan Baofang , Scholz James , Chen Zhixiang 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II is phosphorylated during the transcription cycle by three cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs): CDK7, CDK8, and CDK9. CDK9 and its interacting cyclin T partners belong to the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) complexes, which phosphorylate the CTD to promote transcription elongation. We report that Arabidopsis thaliana CDK9-like proteins, CDKC;1 and CDKC;2, and their interacting cyclin T partners, CYCT1;4 and CYCT1;5, play important roles in infection with Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). cdkc;2 and cyct1;5 knockout mutants are highly resistant and cdkc;2 cyct1;5 double mutants are extremely resistant to CaMV. The mutants respond normally to other types of plant viruses that do not replicate by reverse transcription. Expression of a reporter gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter is markedly reduced in the cdkc;2 and cyct1;5 mutants, indicating that the kinase complexes are important for transcription from the viral promoter. Loss of function of CDKC;1/CDKC;2 or CYCT1;4/CYCT1;5 results in complete resistance to CaMV as well as altered leaf and flower growth, trichome development, and delayed flowering. These results establish Arabidopsis CDKC kinase complexes as important host targets of CaMV for transcriptional activation of viral genes and critical regulators of plant growth and development.
Variability in hydrocortisone plasma and saliva pharmacokinetics following intravenous and oral administration to Patients with adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Thomson A. H. , Devers M. C. , Wallace A. M. , Grant D. , Campbell K. , Freel M. , Connell J. M. C. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryObjective  The best method for determining hydrocortisone replacement therapy is not well defined. This study aimed to assess interindividual variability in cortisol pharmacokinetics and to investigate whether measurement of salivary cortisol provides a useful alternative to plasma concentration measurements.Design  Intravenous (IV) and oral crossover.Patients  Twenty‐seven patients with primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency who had been on stable replacement therapy for at least 3 months.Measurements  Plasma and salivary concentrations of cortisol were measured up to 8 h following administration of hydrocortisone.Results  After IV administration, Cmax ranged from 715 to 8313 nmol/l, area under the curve (AUC) from 1112 to 12 177 nmol h/l and cortisol clearance had a median (range) of 0·267 (0·076–0·540) l/h/kg. After oral administration, Cmax ranged from 422 to 1554 nmol/l, AUC 1081–5471 nmol h/l and oral clearance had a median (range) of 0·267 (0·081–0·363) l/h/kg. There was no clear relationship between paired saliva and plasma cortisol concentrations after IV or oral dosing. Plasma and salivary AUC2−8 h after IV administration were highly correlated (r2 = 0·77) but differences between predicted and measured plasma AUCs ranged from 3% to 90%. There was a poor correlation between plasma and saliva AUC2−6 h after oral administration (r2 = 0·16).Conclusions  The wide interindividual variability in plasma and salivary profiles of cortisol following the administration of IV and oral hydrocortisone to patients with adrenal insufficiency and the poor correlation between salivary and plasma measurements suggest that salivary cortisol measurements cannot be used for individual hydrocortisone dosage adjustment.
Normal DXA bone mineral density but frail cortical bone in Turner's syndrome
Authors: Zuckerman‐Levin Nehama , Yaniv Irit , Schwartz Tseela , Guttmann Hadassah , Hochberg Ze’ev 
Published: May 2007

SummaryContext  Patients with Turner's syndrome have normal bone mineral density by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), but a predisposition for fractures. Quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) measures cortical bone strength.Objective  To compare QUS with DXA in patients with Turner's syndrome.Patients and methods  Twenty‐seven Turner's syndrome patients, aged 21·1 ± 6·3 years (mean ± SD), were evaluated by DXA, measuring two‐dimensional bone mineral density (BMD), and QUS, measuring speed of sound (SOS) of the radius and tibia. The results were compared to sex‐ and age‐matched (Ctr A, n = 53) and height‐matched (Ctr B, n = 34) control groups.Results  Fracture incidence per 1000 women years was 4·76 in Ctr A, 5 in Ctr B and 7·69 in Turner's patients. In Turner's syndrome patients, QUS results were significantly lower than in controls, whereas DXA Z‐scores were not different from reference values. Correlation between tibia and radius SOS and height and age in controls (P < 0·0001) was not evident in Turner's syndrome. Oestrogen or growth hormone therapy had no effect on either QUS or DXA parameters.Conclusions  Bone fragility in Turner's syndrome is reflected by low SOS but not by DXA BMD. Low QUS, which assesses the cortical bone only, supports a defect in cortical bone in Turner's syndrome. Lack of SOS correlation with age, height and hormonal therapy in Turner's syndrome suggests a primary bone defect, rather than enhanced resorption of endocrine origin.
Responses of hyporheic invertebrate assemblages to large‐scale variation in flow permanence and surface–subsurface exchange
Authors: DATRY THIBAULT , LARNED SCOTT T. , SCARSBROOK MIKE R. 
Published: April 2007

Summary1. Flow permanence (the proportion of time that flowing water is present) strongly influences benthic invertebrate assemblages in ephemeral and intermittent river reaches. Effects of varying flow permanence on hyporheic invertebrate assemblages are not well understood, and have not previously been studied at large spatial scales.2. We used a 52‐km long flow‐permanence gradient in the alluvial Selwyn River, New Zealand to assess hyporheic assemblage responses to variation in flow permanence and surface–subsurface exchange. The Selwyn mainstem consists of perennial and temporary reaches embedded in longer downwelling (losing) and upwelling (gaining) sections.3. We predicted that hyporheic invertebrate diversity, density and assemblage stability would increase with increasing flow permanence. We further predicted that assemblage structure would be influenced by the relative contribution of downwelling and upwelling water at the reach‐scale.4. Hyporheic invertebrates were collected at 15 river cross‐sections over a 13‐month period. As predicted, hyporheic taxon richness, density and assemblage stability varied directly with flow permanence. The distribution of taxa along the flow permanence gradient appeared to be related to desiccation resistance. However, it is possible that proximity to colonist sources also contributed to distribution patterns.5. Taxon richness was significantly higher at sites in the gaining section compared with the losing section. Sites with high flow permanence in the gaining and losing sections supported distinct hyporheic assemblages, characterised by amphipods and isopods in the gaining section, and ostracods, Hydra sp. and the mayfly Deleatidium spp. in the losing section.6. Results of the study suggest an expansion of the scope of the Hyporheic Corridor Concept to include large hyporheic flowpaths associated with unbounded alluvial plains rivers. Hyporheic assemblages in alluvial rivers are strongly influenced by large‐scale flow permanence gradients, large‐scale surface water–groundwater exchange, and their interactions.
The distribution and status of the montane juniper woodlands of Oman
Authors: Gardner Andrew S. , Fisher Martin 
Published: May 2007

Abstract. The distribution, condition and reproductive status of Juniperus excelsa M. ‐Bieb. subsp. polycarpos (K.Koch) Takhtajan were determined and assessed in the Hajar mountains of northern Oman, Arabia. Juniper is restricted to the highest areas, viz the central massif of Jebel Akhdar and the outlying mountains of Jebel Qubal and Jebel Kawr, where it generally forms open woodlands.On exposed slopes juniper is distributed from an altitude of 2100 m to the highest summit at 3009 m, with no upper tree line, while on well‐shaded north‐facing slopes juniper trees grow as low as 1375 m. Above 2300 m, juniper is the dominant woody species, while below this altitude it is often co‐dominant with Olea europea L. The woodlands are generally in poor condition on exposed slopes below 2400 m, with high proportions of dead or dying trees and low proportions of reproductively active trees. Above 2400 m and in shaded sites, woodland condition is better, with markedly higher proportions of reproductively active trees on exposed slopes at these altitudes. A predictive model of woodland condition based on topographic variables is presented. Altitude, shade and habitat account for 30.8% of the variation in a tree condition index, with slope being unimportant.The absence of juniper from lower and more outlying mountains is likely to have resulted from the alternation of pluvial and arid periods over the last 40,000 years. We speculate that the current dieback of juniper at lower altitudes is due to continuing climatic change. Anthropogenic factors do not appear to be seriously affecting the juniper woodlands at present.
Turkish version of Skindex‐29
Authors: Aksu Ayse Esra Koku , Urer Murat Selim , Sabuncu İlham , Saracoglu Zeynep Nurhan , Chren Mary‐Margaret 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground  There is a clear need for a useable measure of health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQoL) for dermatology patients. Most of the existing dermatology‐specific measures were developed for the English language, and these measures should be adapted for use in other cultures.Objective  To adapt Skindex‐29 (one of the most widely recognized dermatology‐specific quality‐of‐life indices) for the Turkish cultural setting.Patients and methods  Forward and backward translations were carried out, and for doubtful items the process was repeated until a satisfactory agreement with the original version of Skindex‐29 was achieved. The intermediate Turkish version was administered to a group of 20 randomly selected Turkish adults with and without skin conditions. The final Turkish version of the Skindex‐29 was administered to 456 patients attending Osmangazi University Dermatology outpatient clinics. Reliability, construct and content validity were assessed.Results  The instrument was internally consistent, with Cronbach's α‐coefficients of 0.94, 0.76, 0.88, and 0.92 for entire questionnaire, symptom, emotional, and functional scales, respectively. The Turkish Skindex‐29 demonstrated construct and content validity.Conclusion  Our evaluation of the Skindex‐29 indicates that the instrument is a comprehensible, useable, reliable and valid measure of quality‐of‐life for Turkish dermatologic patients.
Generalized pruritus treated with narrowband UVB
Authors: Seckin Dilek , Demircay Zeynep , Akin Ozlem 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground  Narrowband UVB phototherapy has been increasingly used in a variety of dermatological diseases. We planned to evaluate its efficacy in generalized pruritus in this prospective study.Methods  Forty‐six patients were included and then divided into two groups: group 1 and group 2 consisted of patients with uremic pruritus and “idiopathic pruritus”, respectively. Phototherapy was given three times a week. Efficacy assessments were made by means of visual analog scale (VAS) and pruritus grading score.Results  Thirty‐five patients completed the treatment. Mean VAS decreased from 8.2 ± 1.5 to 3.6 ± 3 in group 1 and from 7.1 ± 2.3 to 2.3 ± 2.8 in group 2 (P < 0.0001). Mean percentage of change in VAS was 54.2% (95% CI 32.6–75.9) and 67.9% (95% CI 53.8–81.9) in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Mean number of treatments was 22 in both groups. Mean cumulative UVB dose was 24,540 mJ/cm2 and 20,801 mJ/cm2 in group 1 and group 2, respectively.Conclusion  Narrowband UVB is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment option for patients with generalized pruritus.