bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextual and individual factors associated with traumatic dental injuries in deprived 12‐year‐old schoolchildren: A cohort study
Authors: Bezerra Emmanuelle de Fátima Noberto , Herkrath Fernando José , Vettore Mario Vianna , Rebelo Maria Augusta Bessa , de Queiroz Adriana Corrêa , Rebelo Vieira Janete Maria , Pereira Juliana Vianna , da Silva Freitas Mariana Oliveira , de Queiroz Herkrath Ana Paula Corrêa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTraumatic dental injuries (TDIs) among children and adolescents have been acknowledged as of public health concern worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between contextual and individual characteristics and TDIs in 12‐year‐old schoolchildren.Materials and MethodsA cohort study was conducted with 355 schoolchildren living in deprived communities in the city of Manaus, Brazil. Contextual factors (place of residence and socio‐economic indicators) and individual characteristics, including sex, family income, parents/guardians years of schooling, overjet and open bite (Dental Aesthetic Index), self‐esteem (Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale), sense of coherence (Sense of Coherence Scale), oral health beliefs, social support (Social Support Appraisals) were assessed at baseline. TDIs were measured at baseline and at 2‐year follow‐up using the O'Brien Index. Data were analysed through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.ResultsThe baseline prevalence of TDIs was 17.6% and the incidence of TDIs at 2‐year follow‐up was 26.8%. Better psychosocial status had a direct protective effect on the incidence of TDIs (β = −.184). Better contextual characteristics (β = −.135) and greater overjet (β = −.203) were directly associated with poor psychosocial status. Higher schooling of parents/guardians directly predicted better psychosocial status (β = .154). Psychosocial status mediated the relationship of greater overjet (β = .036), contextual factors (β = .024) and parental/guardian schooling (β = −.027) with TDIs.ConclusionsContextual factors and individual characteristics predicted TDIs. Psychosocial status was a relevant individual attribute in the causal network of TDIs, due to the direct effect on the incidence of TDIs as well as a mediator on the influence of contextual factors, overjet and parents/guardians schooling on the incidence of TDIs.
Language, responsibility, and agency: How UK's immigrant‐background young adults navigate linguistic heritage
Authors: Gruszczyńska‐Thompson Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explores the intersection of agency and responsibility in navigating linguistic heritage among immigrant‐background young adults (18–29 years old) in the UK. Drawing on Judith Butler's theorisation, it provides a nuanced understanding of how individuals engage with and respond to the burdening aspects of heritage language maintenance within the complex context of globalised power structures and privileged dynamics. The research employs a qualitative approach, integrating journal entries, interview transcripts, and co‐analysis to elucidate participants' experiences. Through grounded theory development, the study identifies key themes such as: negotiating responsibility across temporalities; the sense of guilt, shame and indebtedness embedded in the process of language maintenance; and finding agency through renarration. The paper contributes to geographical thought on migration and language by going beyond discussions of family language policy and proficiencies and drawing attention to the multifaceted implications of navigating linguistic heritage within immigrant families and monolingual Britain across the instabilities of social and temporal relations and power‐laden positionings. It also highlights the repertoires of narrative and interrelational approaches to reframing heritage that immigrant‐background young adults may access as they formulate their identities with and against language expectations, norms, proficiencies and hegemonies.
Uncovering emotion sequence patterns in different interaction groups using deep learning and sequential pattern mining
Authors: Huang Changqin , Yu Jianhui , Wu Fei , Wang Yi , Chen Nian‐Shing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundInvestigating emotion sequence patterns in the posts of discussion forums in massive open online courses (MOOCs) holds a vital role in shaping online interactions and impacting learning achievement. While the majority of research focuses on the relationship between emotions and interactions in MOOC forum discussions, research on identifying the crucial difference in emotion sequence patterns among different interaction groups remains in its infancy.ObjectivesThis research utilizes deep learning and sequential pattern mining to investigate whether there are differences in emotion sequence patterns across different groups of learners who exhibit various types of interactions in online discussion forums.MethodsData from a comprehensive array of sources, including log files, discussion texts and scores from 498 learners in online discussion forums, were collected for this study. The agglomerative hierarchical algorithm is used to classify learners into groups with different levels of interactions. Additionally, we implement and evaluate multiple deep learning models for detecting different emotions from online discussions. Relevant emotion sequence patterns were identified using sequence pattern analysis and the identified emotion sequence patterns were compared across different groups with different levels of interactions.Results and ConclusionsUsing an agglomerative hierarchical algorithm, we classified learners into three distinct groups characterized by different levels of interactions: high, average and low level. Leveraging the bi‐directional long short‐term memory model for emotion detection yielded the highest predictive performance, with an impressive F‐measure of 94.01%, a recall rate of 93.83% and an accuracy score of 95.01%. The results also revealed that learners in the low‐level interaction group experienced more emotion transition from boredom to frustration than the other two groups. Therefore, the aggregation of students into groups and the utilization of their MOOC log data offer educators the capability to provide adaptive emotional feedback, customize assessments and offer more personalized attention as needed.
Exploring the associations between competence in dementia care and work attitudes among formal caregivers in nursing homes
Authors: Shi Jiaming , Jiang Chaoxin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsBased on the two‐factor model of caregiving appraisals, this study aims to (1) investigate the relationships between competence in dementia care and job satisfaction (work attitudes in positive aspect) and turnover intention (work attitudes in negative aspect) among formal caregivers in nursing homes, and (2) examine the mediating roles of positive aspects of caregiving (caregiving appraisals in positive aspect) and caregiving burden (caregiving appraisals in negative aspect) in the above associations.DesignA cross‐sectional design was used. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the proposed model. STROBE checklist guides the reporting of this study.MethodsUsing the multistage cluster sampling method, 407 formal caregivers were selected from 43 nursing homes across 7 districts/counties in China.ResultsThe proposed model shows a good model fit. Competence in dementia care shows significant positive associations with increased job satisfaction and decreased turnover intention among formal caregivers in nursing homes. Caregiving burden and positive aspects of caregiving mediate the relationships between competence in dementia care and both job satisfaction and turnover intention. Furthermore, the relationship between positive aspects of caregiving and job satisfaction is stronger than that with turnover intention, but the relationship between caregiving burden and turnover intention is not stronger than that with job satisfaction.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that the two‐factor model of caregiving appraisals effectively elucidates the associations and underlying mechanisms between competence in dementia care and formal caregivers' work attitudes. Specifically, two crucial conclusions are drawn: (1) competence in dementia care is associated with higher levels of job satisfaction and lower levels of turnover intention among formal caregivers in nursing homes; (2) caregiving burden and positive aspects of caregiving serve as parallel mediators in these associations.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CarePolicymakers and nursing homes managers should implement a series of measures aimed at formal caregivers in nursing home. Specifically, allocating more resources to enhance the competence in dementia care of formal caregivers is crucial, given its significant association with elevated job satisfaction and reduced turnover intention. Besides, positive and negative caregiving appraisals emerge as proximal factors influencing work attitudes of formal caregivers. Therefore, intervention projects focused on formal caregivers in nursing home should target enhancing positive experiences and alleviating caregiving burden.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Effect of exogenous melatonin implant on post‐thaw semen quality of buffalo bulls
Authors: Grover Prateek , Singh Ashwani Kumar , Kumar Ajeet , Honparkhe Mrigank , Singh Navdeep , Singh Prahlad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMelatonin is an intracellular antioxidant of sperm membrane that protects the cells from lipid peroxidation. Yet, its role as an antioxidant on semen quality of buffalo bulls is still obscure. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of exogenous melatonin implant (18 mg/50 kg bodyweight) on post‐thaw sperm characteristics, oxidative stress, endocrinological profiles and fertility of buffalo bulls. Six apparently healthy breeding Murrah buffalo bulls were randomly selected at bull farm, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University for the present study and divided into two groups viz. control (n = 3) and melatonin implanted group (n = 3). A total of 120 ejaculates were collected from bulls of both groups (n = 60 each) throughout the study period. Most beneficial effects of melatonin implants were observed during post‐implantation period. The percentages of post‐thaw sperm total and progressive motility, viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were higher (p < .05) in melatonin implanted buffalo bulls compared to controls during post‐implantation period. Following melatonin implantation, MDA production in post‐thaw semen was lower (p < .05) in melatonin implanted group than in control group. Plasma melatonin and testosterone concentrations were higher (p < .05) in buffalo bulls implanted with melatonin as compared to their control counterparts. No differences (p > .05) in plasma LH concentrations were observed in both groups. First service pregnancy rate was 43.3% using semen of melatonin implanted bulls and 30.0% with semen of controls (p > .05). Thus, melatonin was able to protect sperm membrane against oxidative damage and improve post‐thaw semen quality, thereby resulting in higher fertilizing potential of spermatozoa.
Transient Response Analysis of Nonlinear Oscillators With Fractional Derivative Elements Under Gaussian White Noise Using Complex Fractional Moments
Authors: Tsuchida Takahiro , Itoh Daizoh , Eguchi Tsubasa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Complex fractional moment (CFM), which is defined as the Mellin transform of a probability density function (PDF), has been successfully employed to find the response PDF of a wide variety of integer-order nonlinear oscillators. In this paper, a CFM-based analysis is performed to determine the transient response PDF of nonlinear oscillators with fractional derivative elements under Gaussian white noise. First, an equivalent linear system is introduced for the purpose of deriving the Fokker–Planck (FP) equation for response amplitude. The equivalent natural frequency and equivalent damping coefficient of the system need to be determined, taking into account both the nonlinear and fractional derivative elements of the original oscillator. Moreover, to convert the FP equation into the governing equation of CFMs, these equivalent coefficients must be given in polynomial form of amplitude. This paper proposes formulas for appropriately determining the equivalent coefficients, based on an equivalent linearization technique. Then, applying stochastic averaging, the FP equation is derived from the equivalent linear system. Next, the Mellin transform converts the FP equation into coupled linear ordinary differential equations for amplitude CFMs, which are solved with a constraint corresponding to the normalization condition for a PDF. Finally, the inverse Mellin transform of the CFMs yields the amplitude PDF. The joint PDF of displacement and velocity is also obtained from the amplitude PDF. Three linear and nonlinear fractional oscillators are considered in numerical examples. For all cases, the analytical results are in good agreement with the pertinent Monte Carlo simulation results.
Distinct patterns of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.87.1 and JN.1 variants in immune evasion, antigenicity, and cell-cell fusion
Authors: Li Pei , Liu Yajie , Faraone Julia N. , Hsu Cheng Chih , Chamblee Michelle , Zheng Yi-Min , Carlin Claire , Bednash Joseph S. , Horowitz Jeffrey C. , Mallampalli Rama K. , Saif Linda J. , Oltz Eugene M. , Jones Daniel , Li Jianrong , Gumina Richard J. , Liu Shan-Lu 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants presents a constant challenge to the global vaccination effort. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into two newly emerged variants, BA.2.87.1 and JN.1, focusing on their neutralization resistance, infectivity, antigenicity, cell-cell fusion, and spike processing. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers were assessed in diverse cohorts, including individuals who received a bivalent mRNA vaccine booster, patients infected during the BA.2.86/JN.1-wave, and hamsters vaccinated with XBB.1.5-monovalent vaccine. We found that BA.2.87.1 shows much less nAb escape from WT-BA.4/5 bivalent mRNA vaccination and JN.1-wave breakthrough infection sera compared to JN.1 and XBB.1.5. Interestingly, BA.2.87.1 is more resistant to neutralization by XBB.1.5-monovalent-vaccinated hamster sera than BA.2.86/JN.1 and XBB.1.5, but efficiently neutralized by a class III monoclonal antibody S309, which largely fails to neutralize BA.2.86/JN.1. Importantly, BA.2.87.1 exhibits higher levels of infectivity, cell-cell fusion activity, and furin cleavage efficiency than BA.2.86/JN.1. Antigenically, we found that BA.2.87.1 is closer to the ancestral BA.2 compared to other recently emerged Omicron subvariants including BA.2.86/JN.1 and XBB.1.5. Altogether, these results highlight immune escape properties as well as biology of new variants and underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and informed decision-making in the development of effective vaccines.

IMPORTANCE
This study investigates the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants, BA.2.87.1 and JN.1, in comparison to earlier variants and the parental D614G. Varied infectivity and cell-cell fusion activity among these variants suggest potential disparities in their ability to infect target cells and possibly pathogenesis. BA.2.87.1 exhibits lower nAb escape from bivalent mRNA vaccinee and BA.2.86/JN.1-infected sera than JN.1 but is relatively resistance to XBB.1.5-vaccinated hamster sera, revealing distinct properties in immune reason and underscoring the significance of continuing surveillance of variants and reformulation of vaccines. Antigenic differences between BA.2.87.1 and other earlier variants yield critical information not only for antibody evasion but also for viral evolution. In conclusion, this study furnishes timely insights into the spike biology and immune escape of the emerging variants BA.2.87.1 and JN.1, thus guiding effective vaccine development and informing public health interventions.
The complete genome sequencing of
Escherichia coli
isolated from a patient who visited Pediatrics People’s Hospital of Pingguo, China
Authors: Chen Lifeng , Umar Zeeshan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

In this article, we present a comprehensive analysis of the genome sequence of
Escherichia coli
isolate ACESH02881hy, which has a 5,071,463-bp genome size. The strain was isolated from patient who visited the Pediatrics People’s Hospital of Pingguo, China, 2021.
Supplemental Material: Subduction history of the Paleo-Asian oceanic slab along the northern margin of the North China Craton: A case study of zircons and cherts from central Jilin Province, NE China
Authors: Song Chen , al. et 
Published: April 2024

<p>Detailed description of the analytical methods, data reduction, and compiled datasets, as well as Figures S1–S6 and Tables S1–S6. </p>
Codesigned online cognitive bias modification of interpretations for anxiety and depression in children: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sicouri Gemma , Daniel Emily , Salemink Elske , Mackinnon Andrew , Allsop Abigail , Hudson Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionPrevious research has shown that cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) may be a promising intervention for anxiety in youth; however, results are mixed. Given the high comorbidity between anxiety and depression in youth, it is surprising that no child studies have targeted biases associated with both. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of an online CBM-I intervention (Mindmaster) for children with symptom scores of anxiety or depression above a borderline or clinical threshold. The intervention has been codesigned with children, parents and mental health professionals to promote user engagement.Methods and analysisThe study is a randomised controlled trial, with two parallel arms. Participants are 143 children aged 8–10 years with scores of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms above a borderline or clinical threshold. They will be allocated to either the intervention group or the waitlist control group. The intervention consists of 2 weeks of online CBM-I training, with four sessions (10–15 min) per week. Outcome assessments will be conducted at baseline, 4 weeks after baseline (post-training/post-waitlist) and 8 weeks after baseline (follow-up) for the intervention group only. The primary outcome is interpretation bias. Secondary outcomes are anxiety and depressive symptoms and life interference. Analyses will be conducted within an intention-to-treat framework using mixed models for repeated measures.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (HC220758). Findings will be reported to (1) participating families; (2) presented at scientific conferences and (3) disseminated to peer-review publications. Data will be available from the corresponding author on request.Trial registration numberACTRN12622001493730.
Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of different repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation modalities for post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Chen Qiang , Kan Mengfan , Jiang Xiaoyu , Liu Huifen , Zhang Deqi , Yuan Lin , Xu Qiling , Bi Hongyan 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionUp to 78% of patients who had a stroke develop post-stroke dysphagia (PSD), a significant consequence. Life-threatening aspiration pneumonia, starvation, and water and electrolyte abnormalities can result. Several meta-analyses have shown that repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves swallowing in patients who had a stroke; however, the optimum model is unknown. This study will be the first Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to determine the best rTMS modalities for swallowing of patients who had a stroke.Methods and analysisPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chongqing VIP Database and WanFang Data will be searched from their creation to 2 September 2023. All randomised controlled trials associated with rTMS for PSD will be included. Only Chinese or English results will be studied. Two researchers will independently review the literature and extract data, then use the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias 2.0 tool to assess the included studies’ methodological quality. The primary outcome is swallowing function improvement, whereas secondary outcomes include side effects (eg, paraesthesia, vertigo, seizures) and quality of life. A pairwise meta-analysis and NMA based on a Bayesian framework will be conducted using Stata and R statistical software. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system will assess outcome indicator evidence quality.Ethics and disseminationAs all data in this study will be taken from the literature, ethical approval is not needed. We will publish our work in peer-reviewed publications and present it at academic conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023456386.
The Racialization of Killer Whales: An Application of Gene-Culture Coevolutionary Theory
Authors: Golding David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An expanding body of research aims to identify culture in cetaceans, often positing killer whales as an exemplar species. To this end, gene-culture coevolutionary theory provides a conceptual language with which whales are discussed in raciological terms. It renders killer whale ecotypes as discrete cultures that are intrinsically xenophobic and evolutionarily divergent. Such research on whale culture intends to substantiate theories of divergent natural selection between human cultures as well. This effort furthers the essentialism, simultaneously biological and cultural, that has long impelled colonial technoscientific projects of racial typologization. The exchange between the raciologies of humans and killer whales is facilitated by the infrahumanizing frameworks of gene-culture coevolutionary theory that locate whale populations alongside indigenous peoples on a spectrum of cultural simplicity and complexity. At this convergence of the animal and the human, gene-culture coevolutionary theory posits indigenous peoples and killer whales as evidence for social Darwinist theories that dehistoricize and naturalize intercultural conflict and ethnicization. The extension of raciology beyond the human species signals an urgent need to decolonize the biological sciences.