bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening Copenhagen school children at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus using random capillary blood glucose
Authors: Pearson Seija , Broløs Elisabeth J. , Herner Eva B. , Hansen Bente , Olsen Birthe S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To screen adolescents at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using random capillary blood glucose (RCBG).Methods: Ninth grade pupils who were overweight and/or had a family history of T2DM were offered to have RCBG measured and were referred for further investigation if the value was ≥7.8 mmol/L.Results: Two thousand four hundred and eleven pupils were examined, 19% were overweight, 4% being obese. 589 met inclusion criteria and 384 participated. Ethnic minorities and pupils in low socio‐economic school‐areas (SESA) were significantly more overweight than ethnic Danes and pupils in high SESA. Compared to ethnic Danish pupils, the relative risk of having a positive parent history of T2DM was increased five‐fold for ethnic Turkish and Arab pupils and 13‐fold for ethnic Pakistani pupils. One pupil had a diagnosed T2DM. Two had elevated RCBG values. One of these had an undiagnosed T2DM.Conclusion: Our study shows a high prevalence of overweight adolescents in Copenhagen, especially in school areas with low socio‐economic standard and in pupils with Turkish, Pakistani and Arab ethnicity. Only three out of the 10 pupils with the highest risk participated. New strategies to reach and motivate risk groups to follow health recommendations and new methods of screening should be developed.
Physicians' use of guidelines and attitudes to withholding and withdrawing treatment for extremely premature neonates in Norway
Authors: Miljeteig Ingrid , Markestad Trond , Norheim Ole Frithjof 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives: To examine if explicit written guidelines for withholding and withdrawing treatment for extremely premature infants exist and are used in obstetric and paediatric units in Norway, and to explore changes in attitudes and which factors are considered important when making decisions regarding life support.Methods: Cross‐sectional postal survey addressed to the medical directors of all the 46 obstetric and the 28 paediatric units in Norway.Results: The response rate was 84%. Half the units had guidelines for withholding and one quarter for withdrawing life support. Most of them were non‐written informal guidelines. The most important factors for withholding treatment were gestational age and vitality while risk of severe disability and future quality of life were the major concerns for withdrawing treatment. The mean reported gestational age threshold for resuscitating infants decreased from 23.6 weeks (SD ± 0.6) in a study from 1998 to 23.0 weeks (SD ± 0.8) in 2005 (p = 0.001). Physicians did not perceive this change in threshold, but 1/3 felt that decisions regarding provision of life support had become more difficult. Almost half of the responding physicians agreed with the statement that Norway is too liberal in its provision of life support to extremely premature infants.Conclusion: The criteria for whom to provide life support or not are imprecise and may be subject to unperceived changes. Explicit local guidelines for the decision‐making process may secure legitimacy and fair treatment options.
Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in 4–6 age groups in healthy children in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
Authors: Ciftci Ihsan Hakki , Koken Resit , Bukulmez Aysegul , Ozdemir Mehmet , Safak Birol , Cetinkaya Zafer 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of disease, particularly for colonized persons. Although methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection has frequently reported, population‐based S. aureus and MRSA colonisation estimates are lacking. Our objective in this report is to present the prevalance of S. aureus carriage among 4–6 age groups healthy children in our region.Methods: Nasal samples for S. aureus culture were obtained from healthy children. Sociodemographic features and the data related with risk factors were obtained from the parents of the children. Nasal swabs were inoculated on to a variety of bacteriological culture media, which were then incubated at 35 ± 1°C for 16–18 h. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI, 2005) guidelines.Results: In this study 1134 children between 4 and 6 years old age were evaluated; 607 (53.5%) of the subjects were boys and 527 (46.5%) were girls. S. aureus was isolated in 322 (28.4%) subjects and MRSA was isolated in 3 (0.3%) subjects of them. All of the MRSA isolates were found in healthcare workers' children.Conclusions: This first assessment of this study is that nearly one third of the 4–6 age group healthy children population present nasal carriage of S. aureus in Turkey. However, it also shows that the rate of MRSA carriage remains low. In addition, it is considered that MRSA colonization may be a risk factor for healthcare workers' children.
Look‐back study of Hepatitis C in teenagers after blood transfusions as neonates
Authors: Kori Michal , Flidel‐Rimon Orna , Sigler Erica , Shinwell Eric , Granot Esther 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To conduct a single‐centre “look‐back” study of the prevalence of hepatitis C in teenagers who had received blood products as newborns, prior to hepatitis C virus (HCV) blood donor screening.Methods: Using blood bank records, we identified 732 surviving teenagers aged 14–18 years who had received blood products as neonates during 1986–1990. Letters recommending HCV antibody testing were sent to 732 surviving teenagers; 581 recipients were contacted and invited to undergo testing, and, of these, 429 consented (59% of the survivors). HCV antibody testing was performed on all and HCV‐RNA was tested on those who were antibody positive.Results: Three teenagers (0.7%, 95% CI 0.54–0.86) tested positive for HCV antibodies and all three were HCV‐RNA positive. There were no cases in which antibodies were detected and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was negative. Two of the three had mildly elevated liver enzymes and all three had mild inflammatory activity and low fibrosis scores on liver biopsy.Conclusions: The look‐back process, even in a single centre with a stable urban population, is relatively inefficient in screening at‐risk populations. Although the prevalence of hepatitis C in this sample was relatively low, paediatricians should offer screening to teenagers and young adults who received blood products in the neonatal period.
A population based 10‐year study of neonatal air transport in North Norway
Authors: Lang Astri , Brun Henrik , Kaaresen Per Ivar , Klingenberg Claus 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: This study audits the activity of the neonatal air transport team in Norway's two northernmost counties.Methods: Data on all air transports to or from the regional Neonatal Intensive Care (NICU) Unit within a 10‐year period were collected.Results: Two hundred and thirty‐eight acute transports were conducted during the study period; 169 referrals to the NICU and 69 transfers to national surgical and cardiac centres. Only 13 very low birth weight infants were transported; the in utero transport rate was 95% for this patient population. The adjusted risk of death and/or intracranial haemorrhage for outborn very low birth weight infants was five‐fold increased compared to those not transported postnatally. Babies with congenital heart disease comprised the one‐fourth of all transports. The long‐term mortality was 14% for the whole study population, and 29% for infants with congenital heart disease. Only seven deaths (3.2%) were defined as being transport‐related; death during or within 24 h after transport. However, preventable complications like temperature instability, hypoglycaemia and hypo‐/hypercapnia occurred in 10–20% of all transports.Conclusion: The transport related mortality was low in this study, however very low birth weight infants and infants with major congenital heart disease showed a relatively poor outcome.
Physician consultation and antibiotic prescription in Swedish infants: population‐based comparison of group daycare and home care
Authors: Hedin Katarina , Andre Malin , Håkansson Anders , Mölstad Sigvard , Rodhe Nils , Petersson Christer 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground: Daycare infants have more infectious episodes, see a physician more often, and are prescribed antibiotics more often than home care infants.Aim: To compare physician consultations and antibiotic prescription in daycare children and home care children taking number of symptom days, sociodemographic factors, concern about infectious illness and antibiotic knowledge into account.Methods: For a cohort of Swedish 18‐month‐old children all infectious symptoms, physician consultation and antibiotic prescriptions were registered during 1 month.Results: 561 infants with daycare outside the home and 278 with daycare at home were included. Of the daycare infants, 23.2% saw a physician and 11.4% were prescribed antibiotics, as compared with 10.8% physician consultations and 5.0% antibiotic prescription for the home care infants. For daycare infants the crude odds ratio for physician consultation were 2.49 (1.63–3.82) and for antibiotic prescription 2.43 (1.34–4.41) compared with home care infants. However, these differences were no longer statistically significant when background data, concern about infectious illness and reported symptoms were taken into account.Conclusion: When background data, concern about infectious illness and reported infectious symptoms were taken into account daycare infants saw a physician and was prescribed antibiotics in the same way as home care infants
Growth factors gene expression in the developing lung
Authors: Mager Edward M. , Renzetti Gabriele , Auais Alexander , Piedimonte Giovanni 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: This is the first systematic study using quantitative real‐time PCR to analyze and compare the expression profiles for critical members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) families in developing rat lungs.Methods: mRNA expression was quantified at embryonic (E) day 15, 17, 19, 21, and postnatal age 1 day, 2 weeks, 12 weeks.Results: EGF and EGFR increased during gestation and development, then decreased in adulthood, whereas TGFα was highest at birth and remained unchanged afterwards. All TGFβ isoforms increased slightly during pregnancy, reached highest expression during development, and returned to neonatal levels in adulthood. TGFβRI and TGFβRII patterns were similar to TGFβ2 and TGFβ1 respectively, whereas TGFβRIII expression was lowest at the postnatal time points. VEGF164 and VEGF120 showed a steady increase up to 2 weeks and declined at 12 weeks, whereas highest VEGF188 expression occurred at 12 weeks. VEGF‐A receptors expression paralleled the summation of all three isoforms, increasing steadily with age.Conclusion: Expression of growth factors in the developing lung is characterized by highly regulated distinctive patterns that may be critical to understand the early origin and progression of pulmonary diseases in childhood as well as in adulthood. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis revealed several differences compared to previously reported expression patterns defined with older methodologies.
Trends in neonatology and pediatrics publications over the past 12 years
Authors: Tov Amir Ben , Lubetzky Ronit , Mimouni Francis B , Alper Arik , Mandel Dror 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective: To test the hypothesis that the number of publications in Neonatology and Pediatrics increases over time, and to verify whether the categories of publications all follow the same pattern over time.Design and setting: We evaluated all Medline articles during 1994–2005. Search was limited to humans, English and to ‘newborn’ or ‘all‐child’. We used regression analysis to determine the effect of year‐of‐publication upon the number‐of‐publications of each type.Results: Medline reported 36,141 publications in Neonatology and 169,823 in Pediatrics during the evaluation period. There was a significant linear increase in the number of publications in Neonatology and Pediatrics. There was a steady increase over time in Neonatology and in Pediatrics in meta‐analyses, reviews and editorials. There was a steady decrease over time in letters in Neonatology, but no significant change in letters in Pediatrics. While there was no significant change in clinical trials (CTs), randomized control trials (RCTs) in Neonatology, there was a significant increase in CTs and RCTs in Pediatrics.Conclusions: The field of neonatology has not had a significant yearly increase of original studies, but has seen an increase of reviews, meta‐analyses and editorials. This contrasts with Pediatrics, which shows a similar increase in reviews, meta‐analyses and editorials, but also an increase in the number of CTs and RCTs and guidelines.
Literature Names for Pediatric Medical Conditions
Authors: Bilavsky Efraim , Yarden‐Bilavsky Havatzelet , Ashkenazi Shai 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFrom the Grimm Brothers to Charles Dickens, from Gulliver's Travels to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, great writers and stories have been a source for names of paediatric medical conditions, sometimes preceding the medical description by many years. This article describes the circumstances that led to the creation of some of these fascinating names, the physicians who coined them, and their link to the actual medical conditions.Conclusion: Literary names for medical conditions add warmth and humanity to the field of paediatrics.
Fathers and their children's health: a telephone interview study
Authors: Hallberg A‐C , Kristiansson R , Beckman A , Petersson K , Råstam L , Håkansson A 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective: To study fathers' perception of, and involvement in, their children's health.Design: Telephone interviews according to a structured guide.Setting: County of Skåne, Sweden.Main outcome measures: Answers regarding care and upbringing of child, child's health and ill health, and role of father.Subjects: 237 fathers of small children.Results: Fathers seem to be involved in their children to a large extent, both in caring and playing activities with their children. Most of them (82%) think that the child's health is good, and half of them (55%) have, at some time, contacted a doctor. The fathers mention security, love and commitment as important factors for being a good father, and almost all (97%) think that they are good fathers. Yet, only slightly more than half of them (54%) state that they have sufficient time for the child.Conclusions: Today, fathers are subject to quite different expectations to participate actively in their children's everyday life than was the case for previous generations. Therefore, more studies of fathers' involvement in their children are needed, as well as a new approach within the health care system to fathers' participation.
Breastfeeding outcomes for mothers with and without home access to e‐technologies
Authors: Laborde Laurent , Gelbert‐Baudino Nathalie , Fulcheri Julie , Schelstraete Camille , Francois Patrice , Labarere Jose 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To estimate the percentage of breastfeeding mothers with home access to e‐technologies and to compare breastfeeding outcomes for mothers with and without access to e‐technologies.Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of 550 breastfeeding mothers discharged from nine maternity units in France.Results: Overall, 435 mothers (79%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 75–82) had home access to e‐technologies. Mothers with access to e‐technologies were less likely to be unemployed (6% vs. 15%, p = 0.004), to smoke during pregnancy (8% vs. 16%, p = 0.03), to have a breastfeeding assessment score <8 (39% vs. 59%, p < 0.001) and to use a pacifier (23% vs. 41%, p < 0.001). Although mothers with access to e‐technologies had a longer median breastfeeding duration than those without home access to e‐technologies (19 vs. 16 weeks, p = 0.02), adjusted hazard ratios for breastfeeding discontinuation (0.85; 95% CI, 0.60–1.21), overall satisfaction rates (73% vs. 67%, p = 0.19) and breastfeeding difficulties after discharge (58% vs. 61%, p = 0.60) were not different for the two groups.Conclusion: A vast majority of breastfeeding mothers have home access to e‐technologies in France. However, access to e‐technologies was not independently associated with better breastfeeding outcomes in this study.
Comparison of self‐reported emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents from Greece and Finland
Authors: Kapi Aikaterini , Veltsista Alexandra , Sovio Ulla , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Bakoula Chryssa 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To compare self‐reported emotional and behavioural problems among Greek and Finnish adolescents.Methods: Youth Self‐Report scores were analysed for 3373 Greek adolescents aged 18 years and 7039 Finnish adolescents aged 15–16 years from the general population in both countries. The impact of country, gender, place of residence, socioeconomic status (SES) and family stability on the scores was evaluated.Results: Only country and gender yielded small to medium effect on the scores. Greek boys scored significantly higher than Finns on 10 of the 11 YSR syndromes, particularly on the anxious/depressed scale. Greek girls scored significantly lower than Finnish girls on the somatic complaints and delinquent behaviour scales. In general, girls scored higher than boys on both internalising and externalising problems. The gender by country interaction revealed that Finnish girls reported more externalising problems.Conclusion: The main differences marked in this comparison were the higher level of anxiety and depression in Greeks than Finns and the higher level of externalising problems in Finnish girls than boys. Cultural standards could play an important role in explaining these differences. Overall, it seems that only a small number of differences exist between a northern and southern European region.
Nonfatal congenital alveolar dysplasia due to abnormalities of NO synthase isoforms
Authors: Hegde S , Pomplun S , Hannam S , Greenough A 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCongenital alveolar dysplasia (CAD) is a rare disorder thought to represent alveolar growth arrest at the canalicular stage of development. An infant with CAD diagnosed on lung biopsy is reported, her respiratory problems resolved spontaneously and she was doing well at follow‐up. The infant additionally suffered from systemic hypertension and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.In conclusion, we speculate that the association of CAD with systemic hypertension and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis might be explained by abnormalities of isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) resulting in congenital deformities involving smooth muscles.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight children and adolescents
Authors: Sagi R , Reif S , Neuman G , Webb M , Phillip M , Shalitin S 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and identify predictors for NAFLD in an overweight paediatric population.Methods: The study group included 58 overweight (BMI‐SDS 3.37 ± 1) patients aged 8–18 years attending the paediatric obesity clinic. They underwent a clinical and biochemical work‐up and liver ultrasonography. Grading of liver steatosis severity was done according to discrepancy in ultrasonographic liver‐kidney densities.Results: The prevalence of NAFLD was 60.3%. There was a highly significant (p = 0.004) association between severity of obesity and the presence or absence of liver steatosis.The study cohort was divided into three groups: group 1 (patients with normal ultrasonographic liver structure and normal liver enzymes), group 2 (patients with ultrasonographic fatty liver and normal liver enzymes) and group 3 (patients with ultrasonographic fatty liver and elevated liver enzymes).The BMI‐SDS was significantly higher in group 3 compared to group 1 (4.2 ± 1.1 vs. 2.8 ± 0.9, p < 0.001). The rate of obesity complications was more prevalent in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). The insulin resistance index was higher in group 3 compared to group 1 (0.75 ± 0.2 vs. 0.47 ± 0.3, p < 0.05).Conclusions: The prevalence of NAFLD in our study cohort was high (60.3%). Patients with steatosis and elevated liver enzymes had a higher risk for obesity complications. Measurements of liver enzymes alone are insufficient, and liver ultrasonography is required for early identification of NAFLD.
Early amplitude‐integrated EEG correlates with cord TNF‐α and brain injury in very preterm infants
Authors: Wikström Sverre , Ley David , Hansen‐Pupp Ingrid , Rosén Ingmar , Hellström‐Westas Lena 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To investigate if the early electroencephalogram (EEG) and amplitude‐integrated EEG (aEEG) in very preterm infants is affected by perinatal inflammation and brain injury, and correlates with long‐term outcome.Methods: Sixteen infants born at 24–28 gestational weeks (median 25.5) had continuous EEG/aEEG during the first 72 h of life. Minimum and maximum EEG interburst intervals (IBI), and aEEG amplitudes were semi‐automatically quantified and averaged over the recording period. Neonatal brain injury was diagnosed with repeated cranial ultrasound investigations. Nine cytokines from four time‐points were analyzed during the first 72 h (umbilical cord blood, 6, 24 and 72 h), and outcome was assessed at 2 years of corrected age.Results: Infants with neonatal brain injury (n = 9) had prolonged IBI, 11.8 (9.6–23.2) sec versus 8.2 (7.1–11.6) sec in infants (n = 7) without brain damage (p = 0.005). Handicap at 2 years (n = 8, including two infants without neonatally diagnosed brain injury) was associated with prolonged neonatal IBI and lower aEEG amplitudes. Also aEEG amplitudes were decreased in infants with neonatal brain injury. There was a significant positive correlation between the averaged IBI and cord blood TNF‐α (rs = 0.595, p = 0.025).Conclusion: Early EEG depression is associated with increased cord blood TNF‐α, neonatal brain damage and handicap at 2 years.
Patterned orocutaneous therapy improves sucking and oral feeding in preterm infants
Authors: Poore M , Zimmerman E , Barlow SM , Wang J , Gu F 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To determine whether NTrainer patterned orocutaneous therapy affects preterm infants' non‐nutritive suck and/or oral feeding success.Subjects: Thirty‐one preterm infants (mean gestational age 29.3 weeks) who demonstrated minimal non‐nutritive suck output and delayed transition to oral feeds at 34 weeks post‐menstrual age.Intervention: NTrainer treatment was provided to 21 infants. The NTrainer promotes non‐nutritive suck output by providing patterned orocutaneous stimulation through a silicone pacifier that mimics the temporal organization of suck.Method: Infants' non‐nutritive suck pressure signals were digitized in the NICU before and after NTrainer therapy and compared to matched controls. Non‐nutritive suck motor pattern stability was calculated based on infants' time‐ and amplitude‐normalized digital suck pressure signals, producing a single value termed the Non‐Nutritive Suck Spatiotemporal Index. Percent oral feeding was the other outcome of interest, and revealed the NTrainer's ability to advance the infant from gavage to oral feeding.Results: Multilevel regression analyses revealed that treated infants manifest a disproportionate increase in suck pattern stability and percent oral feeding, beyond that attributed to maturational effects alone.Conclusion: The NTrainer patterned orocutaneous therapy effectively accelerates non‐nutritive suck development and oral feeding success in preterm infants who are at risk for oromotor dysfunction.