bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of neuroaxonal degeneration in myofascial pain syndrome: A study of neuromuscular jitter by axonal microstimulation
Authors: Chang Chein‐Wei , Chen Yu‐Ren , Chang Kai‐Fong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe mechanism of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is unclear. Previous reports pointed out that pathogenesis of either referred pain or local twitch response in trigger point of MPS is related to the nerve degeneration and disintegration of motor and sensory nerves in spinal cord.The purpose of the present study is to investigate the evidence of neuromuscular transmission disorders in trigger point muscles of patients with MPS by using stimulated single‐fiber electromyography (SFEMG) examination.Twenty‐three patients with neck MPS and 16 age‐matched controls attended for the present study. The jitter or mean consecutive difference (MCD) was calculated as the mean of the absolute differences for 30 consecutive interpotential intervals between stimuli and single‐fiber potentials in trapezius and levator scapulae muscles. The relationship between the MCD values and the disease duration was measured.The results showed significantly increased MCDs in trapezius and levator scapulae muscles in MPS patients. MCD values measured in the trigger point muscles were found to be positively correlated with the disease duration.The present study with axonal microstimulation and SFEMG demonstrates a prominent evidence of neuroaxonal degeneration and neuromuscular transmission disorders in the trigger point muscles of MPS patients. The mechanism of MPS is possibly implicated with the degeneration of motor neurons.
The thermal behavior of secondary analcime as leucite derivate and its structural interpretation
Authors: Seryotkin Yu.V. , Bakakin V.V. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Two samples of Na-substituted leucite with Na/(Na + K) = 0.74 (1) and 0.89 (2) were studied by dilatometry, thermogravimetry, and X-ray powder diffraction method. Sample 1 is a mixture of analcime and leucite, and sample 2 consists of analcime alone. The miscibility of K+ and Na+ in hydrated analcime is estimated at 15–20 at.% K+. The thermal behavior of the samples varies depending on their Na/K ratio. Dehydrated Na,K-analcime undergoes a trigonal distortion; its structural model is proposed. The earlier recognized difference in the thermal behavior of primary and secondary (obtained from leucite through K+–Na+ exchange) analcimes might be due to the influence of unsubstituted K+.
Magmatic epidote from gabbro
Authors: Korinevskii V.G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Epidote is traditionally considered a mineral indicating metamorphic and metasomatic genesis of rocks. Recently, the magmatic nature of epidote of many granitoid intrusions has been proved. We present the first data on the magmatic origin of epidote, which is one of the rock-forming minerals of anorthite fassaite and biotite-amphibole gabbros. These rocks form block inclusions in the serpentinite melange plate localized in gneisses of the Proterozoic Selyankino strata of the Il’meny Mountains complex in the South Urals. The holocrystalline structure and cenotypal appearance of the epidote gabbros, their gabbro, porphyritic, and ophitic textures, the induction surfaces of synchronous growth between the hosted minerals, the mineral crystal faceting, and high-temperature paragenesis evidence the magmatic origin of the rocks.
Upper mantle structure beneath southern Siberia and Mongolia, from regional seismic tomography
Authors: Kulakov I.Yu. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTomographic inversion of ~130,000 P and ~11,000 S arrivals from 1045 events recorded by the world seismological network (ISC catalog data) has been applied to image the three-dimensional velocity structure of the upper mantle beneath the Baikal rift and Mongolia. The inversion-derived P and S velocity anomalies show a good agreement. At depths above 200 km, low-velocity zones occur along the contours of the high-velocity Siberian craton and in Mongolia and coincide with fields of Cenozoic volcanism. The deeper mantle appears quite homogeneous, with anomalies no greater than 0.5% and a single low-velocity feature beneath the Siberian craton. The tomographic image is poorly consistent with the hypothesis implying the existence of large mantle plumes under Mongolia which has been checked with synthetic tests. According to the tomography-based geodynamic model, volcanism in the East Sayan mountains may be induced by a hot plume rising from beneath the Siberian craton, but the source of volcanism in the area of Hangayn remains open to discussion.
Petroleum potential of the Riphean-Vendian Chunya sedimentary basin in the western Siberian Platform
Authors: Mel’nikov N.V. , Filiptsov Yu.A. , Valchak V.I. , Smirnov E.V. , Borovikova L.V. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The petroleum potential of the Riphean-Vendian Chunya sedimentary basin has been explored by seismic reflection profiling and drilling in recent years. The results of the study have been used to estimate the initial hydrocarbon resources in the basin and separately in four oil and gas areas distinguished in Riphean, Lower Vendian, and Vendian-Lower Cambrian reservoirs.
Conditions of formation of ore-geochemical specialization of modern hydrotherms in the Baikal Rift Zone
Authors: Troshin Yu.P. , Lomonosov I.S. , Bryukhanova N.N. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Modern hydrotherms of the Baikal Rift Zone (BRZ) are divided according to contents of ore and rare elements and gas composition into: (1) carbonaceous, forming in carbonate rocks, (2) hydrosulfuric and H2S-free nitric and methane, discharged in Cenozoic deposits, and (3) nitric, produced in granitoids. Carbonaceous hydrotherms are enriched in Sr, Ba, Y, Co, and Cr; nitric ones, in Li, Rb, Cs, Mo, W, and other granitophile elements; and hydrosulfuric hydrotherms are saturated with complex metals. High contents of U and associated elements are specific for oxidized nitric alkaline thermal waters and are atypical of carbonaceous ones, and high contents of Au are observed in methane hydrotherms. Separation of ore elements between organic and clayey matter takes place as early as the initial stage of sediment formation. During sediment accumulation, these elements pass into hydrothermal solution in the same separated associations. In oxidizing (Eh ranges from +50 to +260 mV) alkaline medium, U and, obviously, other elements of uranium association, present not only in granitoids but also in the organic matter of sediments, pass into the solution most actively. Alkaline medium (7 &lt; pH &lt; 10) favors the transition of Mo and W from igneous rocks and sediments into the solution. Methane hydrotherms (8 &lt; pH &lt; 9, Eh &lt; –70 mV) can accumulate gold. In strongly reducing (Eh ranges from –200 to –360 mV) alkaline (pH &gt; 8) hydrosulfuric anoxic medium, chalcophile complex metals of the clayey matter of sediments are the most active to pass into the solution. Thus, as Eh decreases and H2S concentration increases, hydrothermal solution extracts various element associations from igneous and sedimentary deposits in the sequence U–Mo, W–Au–Sn, Cu, Pb. In the solution the differentiation of elements continues. Hence, the separation of ore-element associations at the initial stage of sediment formation, long before the hydrothermal activity, is the first track in a chain of processes leading to the differentiation of ore deposits according to formational types. Hydrotherms confined to deep-fault zones contain an endogenous fluid with mantle 3He/4He values close to those in methane and carbonaceous hydrotherms of the Tunka rift depression in the BRZ. According to results of thermodynamic modeling, the fluid consists of CH4, H2O, and CO2 and obviously lacks mantle ore elements, as it was initially of hydrocarbon composition.
The magnetic relaxation effect on TEM responses of a uniform earth
Authors: Kozhevnikov N.O. , Antonov E.Yu. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Ungrounded horizontal loop transient responses of uniform conductive and magnetically viscous earth have been simulated using two different codes. One algorithm employs the relationship between viscous magnetization and the magnetic flux it induces in the receiver loop. In the other algorithm, the Helmholtz equation in a boundary-value problem is solved using the Fourier transform with frequency-dependent magnetic permeability. The two solutions are identical for noncoincident loops but differ when the transmitter and receiver loops are closely spaced (at 1 cm or less). In the latter case correct results are provided by the first code. The magnetic relaxation and eddy current responses appear to be independent at conductivities typical of the real subsurface. Therefore, TEM responses of magnetically viscous conductors can be computed using the superposition principle. Although transients change in an intricate way as a function of loop geometry and earth parameters, these changes exhibit certain patterns which may be useful at the stages of exploration and TEM data processing. In configurations where the receiver loop is laid outside the transmitter, the interaction of magnetic relaxation and eddy current decay causes sign reversal in transients. This reversal occurs at late times after an earlier sign reversal due uniquely to eddy current.
Canadian Regional Development: The Quest for Convergence
Authors: James Patrick , Krieckhaus Jonathan 
Published: March 2008

Abstract.This article assesses the economic development of Canadian provinces in the context provided by the theory of convergence. Two basic questions will be asked and to some extent answered. First, to what degree do the Canadian provinces reveal convergence over time in terms of general economic performance? Second, what are the implications of convergence theory for Canadian provincial policy? These questions combine to give the article a purpose that is both academic and policy relevant in nature.Four additional sections make up this article. The first explains the central place of convergence theory within the study of development, most notably as related to peripheries or lagging economies. Second, convergence theory is discussed within the special and interesting setting of the Canadian economy. Third, the research design and data analysis are presented. The results suggest that convergence is serving as a natural and highly robust corrective to regional disparity. Fourth, and finally, conclusions are offered and policy implications derived.Résumé.Cet article examine le développement économique des provinces canadiennes dans le cadre de la théorie de la convergence. Il pose deux grandes questions, auxquelles il répond en partie. Premièrement, dans quelle mesure les provinces canadiennes présentent-elles une convergence à long terme pour ce qui est de leur performance économique? Deuxièmement, quelles sont les implications de la théorie de la convergence pour les politiques provinciales ? Par ces deux questions, le présent article revêt à la fois une portée académique et une pertinence en matière de politique publique.L'article comprend également quatre parties. La première explique la place centrale qu'occupe la théorie de la convergence dans l'étude du développement économique, notamment en ce qui concerne les périphéries ou les économies accusant un certain retard. La deuxième discute la théorie de la convergence dans le cadre spécifique et intéressant de l'économie canadienne. La troisième précise le cadre d'analyse et dévoile l'analyse des données. Les résultats démontrent que la convergence représente un correctif naturel et fort efficace des disparités régionales. La quatrième et dernière partie présente les conclusions et quelques implications politiques qui en découlent.
The 1982 Mexican Bank Statization and Unintended Consequences for the Emergence of Neoliberalism
Authors: Marois Thomas 
Published: March 2008

Abstract.The 1982 Mexican presidential decision to statize all domestic commercial banks was meant to reset state bank capital relations and salvage some form of state-led capitalism. However, bank statization had the counterintuitive and ultimately unintended consequence of enabling a more rapid transition to neoliberalism, financialization and market-led capitalism than otherwise may have been possible. The implications of this are profound as alternatives to neoliberalism that seek a return to state-led development are ultimately flawed without more collective, local, and substantively democratic calls for the control of credit and, hence, human development.Résumé.La décision présidentielle mexicaine de 1982 d'étatiser toutes les banques commerciales domestiques avait pour but la reconfiguration des relations capitalistes État-banque afin de récupérer une certaine forme de capitalisme étatique. Or, ce processus eu pour conséquences inattendues l'accélération de la transition au néolibéralisme, à la financiarisation et au capitalisme de marché. Les implications sont profondes pour les alternatives au néolibéralisme qui, cherchant un retour au capitalisme d'État, s'avèrent inefficaces sans un contrôle collectif, local et démocratique du crédit et, par ricochet, du développement humain.
Les Allemands du Québec. Parcours et discours d'une communauté méconnue
Authors: Sturm Klaus 
Published: March 2008

Les Allemands du Québec. Parcours et discours d'une communauté méconnue, Manuel Meune, Les Éditions du Méridien, 2003.Le fait qu'en France, le nouveau Président Nicolas Sarkozy ait proposé et finalement créé un ministère de l'Immigration et l'Identité nationale met en évidence – s'il en est besoin – l'importance des questions et des problèmes qui y sont liés, à l'heure de la mondialisation, même pour une nation aussi vieille et aussi consciente de ses racines que la nation française. Les observations et les analyses que nous propose Manuel Meune dans cet ouvrage sont donc d'une actualité sans cesse renouvelée même si ses données ont été recueillies dans la première moitié des années 1990.
Rural Women's Leadership in Atlantic Canada: Firsthand Perspectives on Local Public Life and Participation in Electoral Politics
Authors: De Clercy Cristine 
Published: March 2008

Rural Women's Leadership in Atlantic Canada: Firsthand Perspectives on Local Public Life and Participation in Electoral Politics, Louise Carbert, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006, pp. 177, index.In her latest work, Louise Carbert peers beneath the surface of formal electoral processes to explore how rural, female community leaders in Atlantic Canada view politics. She focuses on this group to explain a curious pattern: rural women are much less likely to secure public office than women located in urban areas, and this holds true at all three levels of government. Through interviewing women representing the typical recruitment pool from which political parties draw candidates, the author aims to identify the presence of barriers to female electoral participation specifically salient to rural women. This is no easy task in part because such an objective necessitates sifting through the inconsequential details of grassroots politics to locate and interpret underlying patterns of power. Carbert's approach is innovative and provocative, and many scholars will appreciate this work's inductive method and rich anecdotal basis. At the same time, readers scouting for clear answers may be left frustrated by the work's complex set of conclusions concerning exactly why few rural women successfully navigate the “slushy intersections” of politics, family life and the economic environment in pursuit of a political career.
The Arctic Promise: Legal and Political Autonomy of Greenland and Nunavut
Authors: Brock David M. 
Published: March 2008

The Arctic Promise: Legal and Political Autonomy of Greenland and Nunavut, Natalia Loukacheva, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007, pp. xii, 255.Is there political space for a northern vision of governance? This book is a comparative evaluation of Inuit efforts to realize autonomy within the Danish realm and Canadian federation through the creation and evolution of Greenland and Nunavut. A comparative legal and historical analysis is used to make normative claims about Inuit autonomy in these two jurisdictions. The concept of autonomy is defined by the author as “equivalent to self-government in the context of an internal right to self-determination” (6). It is argued that there is no need for Inuit in either territory to pursue a special type of indigenous autonomy because Inuit legal and political aspirations can be realized through existing arrangements. Loukacheva claims, “The Inuit majorities of Nunavut and Greenland in practice are turning de jure territorial forms of governance into de facto indigenous ones” (40). The evidence presented in this book may not constitute the last word on Inuit autonomy, but it sure is provocative.
Les frontières du politique en Amérique latine : Imaginaires et émancipation
Authors: Langlois Denis 
Published: March 2008

Les frontières du politique en Amérique latine : Imaginaires et émancipation, André Corten (dir.), avec la collaboration de Vanessa Molina et Julie Girard-Lemay, Paris, Éditions Karthala, 2006, 254 pages.Divisé en trois parties, la première conceptuelle, la seconde méthodologique et la dernière composée d'études de cas, l'ouvrage Les frontières du politique en Amérique latine se propose de penser autrement le politique et de remettre en question ses “frontières” en développant une réflexion sur les imaginaires. Près d'une vingtaine d'auteurs et auteures ont participé à la rédaction de ce recueil issu d'une rencontre internationale tenue en 2004 sur le thème de la “clôture du politique” et organisée par le Groupe de recherche sur les imaginaires politiques en Amérique latine (GRIPAL) de l'UQAM.
Business and Environmental Politics in Canada
Authors: Andree Peter 
Published: March 2008

Business and Environmental Politics in Canada, Douglas MacDonald, Peterborough ON: Broadview Press, 2007, pp. xi, 224.Whether because of Al Gore, increasingly stern warnings from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or the strange weather of late, this past year has seen political actors of all stripes—business leaders prominent among them—restate their commitment to the environment. MacDonald's new book is thus a timely contribution, offering a historical perspective that may lead readers to treat the latest round of corporate “greening” with caution. This study of shifting business interests, strategies and power in relation to environmental policy making demonstrates how firms have worked over the last fifty years, notwithstanding public statements and even some sincere efforts to the contrary, to minimize the threats posed by new environmental regulations.
The Logics and Politics of Post-WWII Migration to Western Europe
Authors: Skrobacki Waldemar A. 
Published: March 2008

The Logics and Politics of Post-WWII Migration to Western Europe, Anthony M. Messina, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp. xv, 290.One of the most contentious and politically sensitive issues in Europe is immigration. The demographic trends indicate that the Old Continent is indeed getting older. To maintain their living standards, Europeans have to either increase birth rates or open the gates to immigrants in an orderly and welcoming way. Yet despite the practicality and, sooner rather than later, the necessity for an open, comprehensive and pro-active immigration policy, European countries are far from having one. At best, they have procedures concerning how to handle foreigners. The main “culprits” for this state of affairs are the people rather than governments. The Europeans, however rational the arguments for increasing immigration may be, are unwilling to embrace it. Paradoxically, those who are most opposed (and vote accordingly) are older people, even though they depend most on a large taxpayer base without which cheques from government-run pension plans would stop flowing eventually and publicly managed health care systems would run out of money.
Longevity of the Permian Emeishan mantle plume (SW China): 1 Ma, 8 Ma or 18 Ma?
Authors: SHELLNUTT J. GREGORY , ZHOU MEI-FU , YAN DAN-PING , WANG YANBIN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAfter the formation of the ~ 260 Ma Emeishan large igneous province, there were two volumetrically minor magmatic pulses at ~ 252 Ma and ~ 242 Ma, respectively. Alkaline mafic dykes intruding both 260 Ma and 252 Ma felsic plutons in the Panxi region, southwestern China, have compositions similar to the Emeishan flood basalts. One dyke is dated using the SHRIMP zircon U–Pb technique at 242 ± 2 Ma, ~ 18 Ma younger than the start of Emeishan magmatism. The dykes have enriched light rare earth element patterns (La/YbN = 4.4–18.8) and trace element patterns similar to the Emeishan flood basalts and average ocean-island basalts. Some trace element ratios of the dykes (Zr/Nb = 3.8–8.2, La/Nb = 0.4–1.7, Ba/La = 7.5–25.6) are somewhat similar to EM1 source material, however, there are differences. Their εNd values (εNd = +2.6 and +2.7) andISr (ISr = 0.704542 and 0.704554) ratios are indicative of a mantle source. Thus Emeishan magmatism may have lasted for almost 20 Ma after the initial eruption. However, geological evidence precludes the possibility that the post-260 Ma magmatic events were directly related to Emeishan magmatism, which began at and ended shortly after 260 Ma. The 252 Ma plutons and 242 Ma dykes represent volumetrically minor melting of the fossil Emeishan plume-head beneath the Yangtze crust. The 252 Ma magmatic event was likely caused by post-flood basalt extension of the Yangtze crust, whereas the 242 Ma event was caused by decompressional melting associated with the collision between the South China and North China blocks during the Middle Triassic.
Attosecond electron pulses from interference of above-threshold de Broglie waves
Authors: Varró S. , Farkas Gy. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIt is shown that the above-threshold electron de Broglie waves, generated by an intense laser pulse at a metal surface are interfering to yield attosecond electron pulses. This interference of the de Broglie waves is an analog on of the superposition of high harmonics generated from rare gas atoms, resulting in trains of attosecond light pulses. Our model is based on the Floquet analysis of the inelastic electron scattering on the oscillating double-layer potential, generated by the incoming laser field of long duration at the metal surface. Owing to the inherent kinematic dispersion, the propagation of attosecond de Broglie waves in vacuum is very different from that of attosecond light pulses, which propagate without changing shape. The clean attosecond structure of the current at the immediate vicinity of the metal surface is largely degraded due to the propagation, but it partially recovers at certain distances from the surface. Accordingly, above the metal surface, there exist “collapse bands,” where the electron current is erratic or noise-like, and there exist “revival layers,” where the electron current consist of ultrashort pulses of about 250 attosecond durations in the parameter range we considered. The maximum value of the current densities of such ultrashort electron pulses has been estimated to be on order of couple of tenth of mA/cm2. The attosecond structure of the electron photocurrent can perhaps be used for monitoring ultrafast relaxation processes in single atoms or in condensed matter.