bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a system for monitoring tool wear using artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Silva R G , Wilcox S J , Reuben R L 
Published: October 2006

The main objective of the work reported here was to develop an intelligent condition monitoring system that was able to detect when a cutting tool was worn out. To accomplish this objective the use of a hybrid intelligent system, based on an expert system and two neural networks, was investigated. The neural networks were employed to process data from sensors and the classifications made by the neural networks were combined with information from the knowledge base to make an estimate of the wear state of the tool. The novelty of this work is mainly associated with the configuration of the developed system that estimates tool wear in a new way. The combination of sensor-based information and inference rules results in an online system that can be updated when the cutting conditions fall outside of the trained zone of the neural networks. The neural networks resolved the problem of interpreting the complex sensor inputs while the expert system, by keeping track of previous success, estimated which of the two neural networks was more reliable. Misclassifications were filtered out through the use of a rough but approximate estimator - Taylor's tool life model. The use of Taylor's tool life model, although weak as a tool life estimator, proved to be crucial in achieving higher performance levels. The application of the self-organizing map to tool wear monitoring proved to have a slightly larger zone of influence and make slightly more accurate estimates of tool wear than the adaptive resonance theory neural network and overall the system made reliable, accurate estimates of the tool wear.
A formal design for changeover methodology. Part 1: Theory and background
Authors: Reik M P , McIntosh R I , Culley S J , Mileham A R , Owen G W 
Published: October 2006

A rapid changeover capability is central to today's thinking in respect of responsive, small batch manufacturing. Mass customization and other modern manufacturing paradigms have prompted companies to adapt swiftly to market turbulence and at the same time avoid the traditionally high unit costs associated with custom-made or small-volume products. Historically, an operation-focused approach has been adopted in reducing changeover times; however, it is argued that there is a significant benefit if there is a focus on equipment design. There is a considerable challenge to design and build cost-effective changeover-capable equipment. This challenge would be greatly assisted by the availability of a coherent design for changeover (DFC) methodology. The authors have been researching the changeover area for many years and present their latest thinking in two parts. In the first part of this paper the basic concepts for a formal DFC methodology are introduced. Drawing lessons from various existing DFX methodologies, including design for assembly and design for variety, these concepts set out the basics for a novel DFC methodology. The debated DFC methodology is presented in the second part alongside an illustrative case study [1].
Finite-element-based assessment of analytical methods for the design of fuselage frames
Authors: Boni L , Fanteria D 
Published: October 2006

The paper presents the results of a number of finite-element analyses carried out to support the development of an analytical design procedure for fuselage frames of a transport aircraft. The numerical simulation by means of finite-element method has the aim of developing an adequate sensitivity about the advantages and the limitations of the analytical approach and in quantifying the magnitude of such limitations with respect to more refined design tools. In particular, the final objective is to achieve a deeper insight into some of the design aspects of the frames, such as the influence of realistic load cases and the effects of the frames on the behaviour of the structure in their vicinity. The results indicate that the analytical design method is capable of describing correctly the influence of the frame on the stress state of the structure at a sufficient distance from the frame location, in the simplifying hypothesis of negligible effects of adjacent loaded frames. In the immediate surroundings of the frame and within the frame itself, the analytical method can provide a first approximation of the stress fields.
The middle cranial fossa approach to the internal auditory canal — an anatomical study stressing critical distances between surgical landmarks
Authors: Parisier Simon C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe middle cranial fossa approach to the structures within the temporal bone has been a significant addition to the otologist's operative repertoire. Using modern operative techniques, the surgery can be performed without necessarily compromising auditory, vestibular or facial nerve function. However, the successful exposure of the contents of the internal auditory canal and petrous apex requires both a thorough understanding of the region's surgical anatomy as well as the application of meticulous operative skill.
The masquerade of vasculitis: Head and neck diagnosis and management
Authors: Schramm Victor L. , Myers Eugene N. , Rogerson David R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWegener's granulomatosis and forms of giant cell arteritis result from vasculitis and masquerade with symptoms of common head and neck disease entities. Recognition of the manifestations of vasculitis can be made early in the disease course and confirmed pathologically, allowing effective therapy. Current therapy of Wegener's granulomatosis with Cytoxin and Imuran and steroids for giant cell arteritis frequently results in reversal of head and neck involvement, prevention of systemic disease, and prolonged survival.
Bilateral acinous cell tumors of the parotid gland
Authors: Nelson Denton W. , Nichols Richard D. , Fine Gerald 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAcinous cell tumors are uncommon neoplasms which arise either from the secretory cells of the salivary gland acini or from pluripotential duct cells and occur almost exclusively in the parotid gland. Nine previous instances of the bilateral occurrence of this tumor in the parotid gland have been reported. We present a tenth case and illustrate several aspects of the clinical behavior of this unique tumor.The histological pattern of this type of tumor was considered universally to be benign until 1953 when attention was called to a malignant variant. It is difficult to find reference to a benign form after that time. It is, in fact, impossible to forecast the clinical behavior of an individual specimen based upon its histopathology. In order to recognize this unpredictability, the World Health Organization Classification of Epithelial Tumors of Salivary Gland Origin proposed a category, “Acinic Cell Tumors,” separate from clearly benign or malignant neoplasms. Later, attention was called to the grammatical designation, “acinous cell tumor.”Because acinous cell tumors are uncommon, numerically significant series are gathered from several institutions or over several decades during which treatment methods vary widely. This makes it difficult to accept the validity of conclusions based upon the reported data. There is, however, a clearly documented tendency of the tumor to recur after long symptomless intervals so that extended follow‐up is necessary before “cure” is established.Treatment of acinous cell tumors is surgical. The value of radiation therapy in the management of recurrent tumors is not firmly established.
Incidence and type of otopathology associated with congenital palatopharyngeal incompetence
Authors: Caldarelli David D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBased upon the known association of cleft palate and middle ear disease, a study was undertaken to determine the incidence and type of middle ear pathology associated with velar anomalies exclusive of cleft palate which may produce congenital palatal pharyngeal incompetence. The range of velar anomalies encountered was subdivided into congenital palatal incompetence Type 1 (clinically manifested by one or more of a triad of visible palatal anomalies including submucous deficiency of the hard palate, bifid uvula, and a diastasis of velar musculature) and congenital palatal incompetence Type 2 (no visible velar anomalies but radiographic anomalies of the velopharyngeal region such as short or thin velum and/or enlarged nasopharyngeal dimensions consequent to vertebral and skull base anomalies).Middle ear disease was assessed separately in CPI Types 1 and 2 in order to differentiate the effects upon middle ear function between overt and occult velar anomalies. Middle ear disease was more frequent in CPI Type 1 than in CPI Type 2. The predominant otopathologic finding was serous otitis media, paralleling the type associated with cleft palate. Tympanic membrane atrophy, tympanosclerosis and tympanic membrane perforation, often considered sequelae of chronic serous otitis media, were noted infrequently. This investigation supports the concept that middle ear disease frequently occurs with congenital palatal incompetence as it does with cleft palate.
Adenylate energy charge, energy status, and phosphorylation state of stria vascularis under metabolic stress
Authors: Thalmann R. , Marcus N. Y. , Thalmann I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of the reported experiments was to measure the strial concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in order to arrive at estimates of three commonly used adenylate ratios. Under normal conditions, the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP were found to be 11.4, 3.7, and 0.6 mmoles/kg dry weight, respectively. Of the three substances, AMP is the most sensitive indicator of metabolic stress, since its concentration doubles within 6 sec. of ischemia and reaches a peak level of about 1500% of the control following 65 sec. of ischemia. Under normal conditions, the “adenylate energy charge,” the “energy status,” and the “phosphorylation state” amount to 0.84, 3.0, and 1.52 gram wet weight/μmole, respectively. In ischemia of 10 min. duration, the adenylate energy charge decreases 3 fold, the energy status 7 fold and the phosphorylation state 14 fold. The size of the adenylate pool shows a slight increase in the earliest stage of ischemia, but declines progressively thereafter. The apparent equilibrium constant of strial adenylate kinase was found to be 0.48. The advantages and limitations of the different adenylate ratios, as indicators of metabolic health and as regulatory parameters, are discussed.
Failures after irradiation in early vocal cord cancer
Authors: Bosch Antonio , Kademian Michael T. , Frias Zenaida C. , Caldwell William L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRadiation therapy for early laryngeal cancer offers an excellent probability of cure as well as preservation of vocal function. Reported failure rates range from 9 to 21% in patients with T1 lesions, and from 28 to 44% in those with T2 lesions, the majority of whom are subsequently salvaged by surgery.Results obtained at the Radiotherapy Center of the University of Wisconsin Hospitals in 44 patients during the period from 1960 to 1972 yielded failure rates of 21% in patients with T1 tumors and 38% in patients with T2 tumors at 5 years. Five of the eight recurrences were salvaged with surgery yielding an overall tumor control rate of 93%. The larynx was preserved in 82% of the cases. Determinate 5‐year survival was 91% in T1 cases and 86% in T2 cases.Failure rates at 3 years were 18% for T1 tumors and 30% for T2 lesions. These results are in conflict with those reported by Brandenburg and Rutter as being 46% and 60% respectively.Ultimate success in the treatment of laryngeal cancer rests in the full cooperation between surgeons and radiotherapists.
Evoked electromyographic test applied for recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis
Authors: Satoh Isei 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study was performed to apply the evoked electromyographic (EMG) test to the larynx and to find out whether or not this test is useful for diagnosis of patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. As a result, it was considered that the present test was useful for the following:

Diagnosis of the site of lesion: The decision is easily made whether the recurrent laryngeal nerve is damaged alone or together with the superior laryngeal nerve, and on the site of damages along the recurrent laryngeal nerve in some cases.
Determination of prognosis: The cases showing no evoked wave may not recover completely. For the cases showing an evoked wave, information on prognosis can be obtained from the degree of changes in latency and evoked wave form.
Indication of the state of nerve regeneration: The evoked EMG test is able to reveal the state of reinnervation of the paralyzed laryngeal nerve as well as and even earlier than the ordinary EMG test.
Upper airway obstruction due to coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Henley‐Cohn Julian , Boles Roger , Weisberger Edward , Ballantyne Jane 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe inpatient experience regarding coccidioidomycosis of head and neck was reviewed at the University of California Medical Center, San Francisco and affiliated hospitals. Four cases in which upper airway obstruction required otolaryngological consultation and intervention are reviewed in detail. History, epidemiology and pathophysiology of coccidioidomycosis involving upper airway are discussed. Suggestions for diagnosis and management are outlined.
The cost of cancer
Authors: Cromwell Jerry , Gertman Paul 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn the last 30 years medical science has developed an array of new technologies such as cell cytology, radio‐isotopic scanning, soft tissue X‐rays (mammography and computerized tomography), etc., which have potential for the early detection of cancer, and when coupled with current or future therapeutic techniques may lead to improved rates of cure or prolonged survival of patients with cancer. Whenever preliminary evidence of efficacy is developed, considerable public pressure mounts both within and outside the medical community to implement screening programs on a widespread basis. Advances in screening and treatment, however, are coming at a time when there is serious nationwide concern over the total amount now being spent for health care in the nation and the rate of inflation that has occurred almost every year.In the medical literature, the little existing identification of the costs and economic benefits of screening (and of disease control programs in general) is often presented in a fairly simplistic fashion. Yet, just as many of the biologic issues in cancer screening are complex, so too are the economic ones. This paper will begin to identify: 1. the economic approaches to evaluating screening, 2. the problems in specifying costs. 3. the issues involved in selecting benefit measures, and 4. how these interact in the formulation of screening policies. In addressing these issues, new data on cost of cancer treatment, based on the third National Cancer Survey, will be presented. These data include hospital and nonhospital costs, disaggregated by source, cancer site and stage.
Therapy of iatrogenic subglottic stenosis: A steroid/antibiotic regimen
Authors: Croft Charles B. , Zub Konrad , Borowiecki Bernard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors have evaluated the efficacy of a medical regimen, consisting of systemic antibiotics and steroids, in the management of acute iatrogenic subglottic stenosis.The study consisted of the infliction of a standardized subglottic injury to three groups of five dogs: Group I animals were placed on prednisone 1 mg/kg/24 hours and potassium phenoxymethyl penicillin 50 mg/kg/24 hours from the day of the trauma. Group II were placed on a similar regimen from the eighth day after subglottic trauma. Group III received no medical therapy at all. Therapy was continued in treated Groups I and II for five weeks. At the end of the study the dogs were sacrificed and the final degree of subglottic stenosis evaluated, at which time the laryngotracheal complexes were submitted for pathological evaluation.A significant difference was found between the degree of stenosis attained in the three groups. The study suggests that the introduction of a steroid/antibiotic regimen has a beneficial effect in developing subglottic stenosis and that the timing of such therapy is of importance.
Sequential combination chemotherapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Lester Eric P. , Kinnealey Ann , Matz Gregory J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThirty‐four patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck have been treated with sequential combination chemotherapy consisting of Cytoxan, methotrexate, oncovin, bleomycin and adriamycin, followed by Leucovorin (COMBAL). All patients had undergone extensive prior radiation and/or surgery. All the patients had recurrent cancer.Toxicity included two deaths from drug induced pancytophenia and one from sepsis. Treatment was well tolerated and could be given in the outpatient clinic. No bleomycin pulmonary or adriamycin cardiac toxicity was seen. Results include 4 patients who achieved complete remission, objective improvement in measurable lesions in 6 others, stabilization of disease for 1 to 3 mo. in 5, and progression of disease in 13. Survival has ranged from 1 to 19+ months with a median of 10.7 mo. for patients that were evaluated. We conclude that COMBAL produces objective evidence of improvement in approximately 45% of patients with far advanced, previously treated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
The surgical anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve and the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Authors: Hill James H. , Olson Nels R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInjury to the spinal accessory nerve may occur during conservation neck dissection. In supraglottic laryngectomy preservation of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve has largely been ignored. Cadaver dissection and diagrams are used to review the surgical anatomy of these two structures. Particularly important are the relationship of the spinal accessory nerve to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, its interaction with the cervical plexus, and its superficial path inferiorly. Landmarks for the identification of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve are indicated, and technique for preservation is described. An intact accessory nerve can be efficiently preserved thereby eliminating the shoulder syndrome. Significant sparing of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve can be routinely accomplished as an aid in minimizing postoperative aspiration.
Anterior table frontal sinus fractures
Authors: Whited Robert E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrontal sinus fractures cover a spectrum of injury. A series of 52 primarily treated patients from the University of Cincinnati Medical Center is presented. Initial systematic management was applied to these patients and consisted of complete radiographic evaluation supplemented by wound care and cosmetic restoration when needed. All patients were followed on a long‐term basis; both clinically and radiographically. Results to date are that 49 patients have had an uneventful post‐traumatic course with re‐establishment of normal sinus aeration. From the cosmetic standpoint no contour revisions have been needed and only two patients required elective scar revision. Three patients developed chronic suppurative sinus disease within the first post‐traumatic year which was readily diagnosed and managed without complication by osteoplastic frontal sinusotomy and adipose obliteration.
Clinical accuracy of tuning fork tests
Authors: Stankiewicz James A. , Mowry Harris J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA review of the literature reveals a surprisingly sparse amount of true documentation concerning the validity of using tuning forks as an adjunctive measure in the diagnosis of hearing impairment. Most reports are historical or anecdotal. With this in mind, a protocol was set up to identify the value of three standard tuning fork tests ‐ the Rinne, the Weber, the Bing Occlusion ‐ at frequencies of 256, 512 and 1024 Hz. The data were compared to otologic examination, audiometry and acoustic impedance. Results indicate the Rinne, Weber and Bing Occlusion tests do not accurately predict the type of hearing impairment as frequently as the literature suggests.
Rehabilitation of the crippled larynx: Application of the tucker technique for muscle‐nerve reinnervation
Authors: May Mark , Lavorato Alfred S. , Bleyaert A. L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInterruption of laryngeal innervation may partially or totally impair respiration, deglutition and phonation — the three basic laryngeal functions.Tucker has developed a principle of muscle‐nerve pedicle transfer for laryngeal reinnervation to relieve airway obstruction following bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. We have applied the principle of reinnervation proposed by Tucker to treat patients not only with airway obstruction, but also with aspiration and impaired phonation due to interruption of laryngeal innervation. There were 23 patients in this study. The functional defects included: Voice alteration in 10 patients, airway obstruction in 8 and aspiration, as well as a voice change, in 5.The causes of injury were surgery in 9 patients, trauma in 5, tumor in 3, polio in 1 and a birth defect in 1 patient. No cause of nerve injury could be determined in 4 patients.The technique employed involved selective reinnervation of the laryngeal nerve branches to one or more laryngeal muscle groups; the muscle groups reinnervated were selected so as to overcome the functional defect of each particular patient.The patients have been followed for 6 mo. or longer. The results have been independently evaluated by a speech pathologist and documented by indirect and direct endoscopic observations, as well as by audio and audio‐video recordings. In some cases, there was further documentation by cine‐fluoro‐audio tape recordings, laryngo‐pharyngography, laryngeal tomography and pulmonary function studes.The muscle‐pedicle transfer technique described by Tucker was found to be useful to correct laryngeal dysfunction in carefully selected cases.
Carcinoma of the lip
Authors: Baker Shan R. , Krause Charles J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCarcinoma of the lip is a common variety of head and neck malignancy frequently seen in the elderly Caucasian male. Three hundred and fifty consecutive cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the lip are analyzed and the treatment methods and their results are presented. Surgical management is recommended for most patients because of the advantage of tumor margin assessment, avoidance of radiotherapy complications, and rapid rehabilitation.
Cholesteatoma with intact tympanic membrane: A report of 41 cases
Authors: House John W. , Sheehy James L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAural cholesteatoma may present itself as an unexplained hearing impairment without either perforation or otorrhea and without radiologic evidence of bone destruction. The etiology is probably congenital.In our cholesteatoma cases, 3.7% occur in individuals with an intact tympanic membrane. Most of these patients have had the disease 5 years or less and 50% are under 20 years of age. Complications of the disease are uncommon in this group.All but 1 of our 41 cases were managed with the intact canal wall technique. Most were reexplored (planned second‐stage) and residual disease was encountered in 32%.One should keep the possibility of a congenital cholesteatoma in mind whenever encountering a unilateral serous otitis media or an unexplained unilateral conductive hearing impairment, regardless of the patient's age.