bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple voices in Charles Van Riper's desensitization therapy
Authors: Leahy Margaret M. 
Published: April 2008

Background: Charles Van Riper (1905–94) author, researcher and practitioner, was one of the major contributors to the field of stuttering in the 20th century. His series of Action Therapy videotapes provide a useful model of how therapy was implemented by a master clinician.Aims: Van Riper's session with a client is analysed to reveal how voices are used by these two participants during desensitization therapy, and to demonstrate how Van Riper's expertise manifests itself during the session.Methods & Procedures: Interaction between Van Riper and a client during the desensitization stage of therapy was transcribed, annotated, and analysed using Goffman's (1974) frame analysis. Elements in the extensive discourse (about 4800 words exchanged) were chosen to illustrate a range of distinctive voices used by Van Riper and the client during this ‘crucial’ stage of therapy.Outcomes & Results: Van Riper shifts his voice throughout the session. His comments are sometimes directed to the viewing audience, at which times he tends to use the voice of an exegeter. When directing his comments to the client, he uses two voices: an authoritative one and one that aligns with the person's feelings. The voice of the client is often silenced, especially when Van Riper is being authoritative. Sometimes Van Riper uses his expertise by speaking through the voice of the client. This is especially true when summarizing what the client might be feeling. The true voice of the client emerges only occasionally. Detailed discourse analysis focusing on the roles played by participants as revealed through footings taken by speakers show complexity in the interaction that is not obvious at surface level.Conclusions: By using discourse analysis, the multiple voices that Van Riper uses to achieve the complex tasks involved in desensitization can be specified.
Efficacy of Nodal Dissection for Treatment of Persistent/Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Schuff Kathryn G. , Weber Stephen M. , Givi Babak , Samuels Mary H. , Andersen Peter E. , Cohen James I. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractContext: Although commonly performed, data are lacking regarding efficacy and safety of lymph node dissection (LND) for recurrent/persistent papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).Objective: Evaluate the efficacy and morbidity of LND in recurrent/persistent PTC.Design: Retrospective review of central or lateral LND performed for persistent/recurrent PTC between January 2004 and March 2006.Setting: Multidisciplinary thyroid cancer clinic with a single surgeon at an academic medical center.Participants: Seventy‐five patients who underwent 79 LND for persistent/residual PTC. Safety analysis included all 79 resections. Exclusion criteria for the efficacy analysis were factors prohibiting evaluation of thyroglobulin (Tg) response. Forty‐one resections were included in the efficacy analysis.Intervention: Selective LND per standard of care.Main Outcome Measure: Primary outcome was the Tg response to LND. Secondary outcomes were surgical complications.Results: Thirty‐nine of the 41 evaluable resections also had Tg data allowing classification of Tg response. Of 39 classifiable resections, 16 (41%) resulted in undetectable postoperative stimulated Tg levels. An additional 12 resections resulted in significant (≥50%) reductions in suppressed or stimulated Tg levels for an overall improvement rate of 72%. Of all 79 resections, 25 (32%) resulted in minor and 7 (9%) resulted in major complications.Conclusions: LND for persistent/recurrent PTC is a relatively safe procedure in experienced hands. It can lead to an undetectable Tg in 41% of cases and produce a major Tg reduction in an additional 31%. Its efficacy in short‐term follow‐up is comparable with that reported for I‐131, and it should be considered in the management of persistent/recurrent PTC.
Safety and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Otorhinolaryngology: Experience From 1,000 Treatments
Authors: Helmstaedter Victor , Wittekindt Claus , Huttenbrink Karl‐Bernd , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: The objective of this study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin (BTX) therapy in a series of 1,000 treatments on 261 consecutive patients at the University Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Cologne, Germany.Study Design/Methods: A prospective computer database was analyzed, and all patient charts were reviewed retrospectively. In doing so, the main focus was put on patient characteristics, treatment methods, efficacy, unwanted side effects, and reinjection rate.Results: A total of 16 different indications were treated with BTX belonging to the categories of focal dystonias, focal hyperhidrotic syndromes, and cosmetic dermatology. The overall morbidity was 1.3%, exclusively consisting of minor side effects. These were all reversible and mostly caused by paralysis of adjacent musculature. We did not observe any severe complications. Three (1.2%) patients developed a secondary nonresponse to BTX type A (BTX‐A). Their treatment was continued with BTX type B. In 2.8% of treatments, patients thought the clinical effect was weak and returned for reinjection within 4 weeks after the first treatment.Conclusion: The experience from the largest patient series known confirms that BTX‐A injections are the therapy of choice for many forms of focal hyperhidrotic syndromes, focal dystonia, and hyperfunctional lines. It is an effective and safe treatment with only minor side effects. For optimal individual results, a thorough documentation of each treatment is necessary. Dosages should be as low as possible to reduce the probability of a patient developing a secondary nonresponse.
Computer‐Assisted Quantitative Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Digitalized Endoscopic Imaging with Muller Maneuver
Authors: Ko Ming‐Tse , Su Chih‐Ying 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To validate the technique of the Muller maneuver (MM) using videoendoscopy and to quantify the correlation between its clinical results and variables of polysomnography.Study Design: Prospective, controlled study.Methods: Videoendoscopy with MM was performed in 70 patients who were categorized into two groups, with 35 patients giving a history suggestive of snoring and 35 patients without such history. The snoring group underwent further examination with polysomnography. Cross‐sectional areas at the retropalatal (RP) and retrolingual (RL) levels during quiet respiration (RP0 or RL0) and the maximal effort of MM (RP1 or RL1) were calculated with the digital measurement software “Image J.” One hundred forty pairs of data were acquired. The collapsing ratio (CR) was defined as the difference of RP0 (or RL0) between RP1 (or RL1) divided by RP0 (or RL0) to compare the difference between the two phases. These results were compared with each other and correlated to the variables obtained from polysomnographic studies.Results: There were significant differences in the CR of RP (CRRP), the CR of RL (CRRL), and body mass index (BMI) when comparing the two groups. In snoring patients, BMI was positively related to the respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) staging but not to CRRP and CRRL. CRRP had a significant positive relationship with RDI and OSA rather than CRRL.Conclusion: MM with videoendoscopy can be a simple, cost‐effective, quantitative, and even predictable technique. This method allows us to examine the dynamic upper airway for more precise preoperative planning.
Choanal Atresia: Embryologic Analysis and Evolution of Treatment, a 30‐Year Experience
Authors: Hengerer Arthur S. , Brickman Todd M. , Jeyakumar Anita 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: Choanal atresia (CA) is a congenital obstruction of the posterior nasal apertures. Multiple surgical techniques have been proposed to repair the atresia. The purpose of this study is to review the basic science and embryology of CA with emphasis on the senior author's extensive experience, and refinement of the treatment of CA. In addition, we will review the outcomes after surgical correction of pediatric patients with CA.Patients and Methods: Retrospective review of 73 pediatric patients. Demographic information was recorded, including type of CA, concomitant medical problems, surgical method, and date of last follow‐up by the surgeon.Results: Our series show a 1.6:1 ratio of unilateral atresia to bilateral atresia. The incidence in males and females is statistically equal. High‐arched palate and cross‐bite deformities are particularly present if the patients undergo the transpalatal approach in the first year of life. The senior author has evolved to favoring the endoscopic approach, having a minimal long‐term complication rate, and low stenosis rate (12%).Conclusions: The first repair of choanal atresia is the one most likely to succeed. The nasal endoscopic technique is the favored technique. It has the advantages of a low restenosis rate, does not violate the palate, and does not cause the cross‐bite and palate arch deformities seen in the transpalatal technique.
An Antimicrobial Peptide Modulates Epithelial Responses to Bacterial Products
Authors: Vonk Marcel J. , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Grote Jan J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIntroduction: Changes in the respiratory epithelium and chronic and recurrent infections are thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of otitis media and sinusitis. The airway epithelium is the primary defense system of the respiratory tract. Bacterial cell membrane components like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) can affect the mucociliary clearance function of the respiratory epithelium. P60.4‐Ac is a synthetic antimicrobial peptide based on the structure of the cathelicidin LL‐37 that neutralizes the pro‐inflammatory activity of LPS and LTA.Materials and Methods: Normal respiratory sinus epithelium was cultured at the air liquid interface. The cells were incubated with LPS or LTA in the presence or absence of P60.4‐Ac.Results: P60.4‐Ac neutralized the LPS‐ and LTA‐ induced effect on air‐liquid interface cultured epithelial cells. P60.4‐Ac significantly inhibited the increase in the epithelial layer caused by LPS or LTA.Conclusion: These data demonstrate that P60.4‐Ac might be of clinical benefit in the management of otitis media with effusion and sinusitis.
Histologic Changes in Eustachian Tube Mucosa of Rats After Exposure to Gastric Reflux
Authors: Yazici Zahide Mine , Sari Murat , Uneri Cuneyd , Midi Ahmet , Tugtepe Halil 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Reflux is thought to be a risk factor for middle ear disease, but the mechanism underlying this relationship is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of reflux on the eustachian tube (ET) mucosa.Materials and Methods: Twenty‐two healthy 150 to 220 g Wistar rats with normal middle ears were used. The animals were divided into three groups according to exposure time: 1‐, 3‐, and 12‐week exposures. Four rats were used as a control group. An experimental model of gastroesophageal reflux was induced under general anesthesia. After exposure, the animals were sacrificed, and cross sections of the ETs were prepared. The histologic changes in the ET mucosa were observed under a light microscope.Results: The density of goblet cells, numbers of lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and eosinophils, subepithelial edema, subepithelial vasodilatation, subepithelial gland formation, and intraepithelial gland formation were compared among the groups. The goblet cell density and numbers of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were significantly higher in the three exposure groups compared with the control group.Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal exposure to experimental reflux alters the ET mucosa histopathology, which suggests that gastroesophageal reflux has a role in ET dysfunction.
Effects of Endolymphatic Sac Drainage With Steroids for Intractable Ménière's Disease: A Long‐Term Follow‐Up and Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Kitahara Tadashi , Kubo Takeshi , Okumura Shin‐ichi , Kitahara Masaaki 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Ménière's disease is a common inner ear disease with an incidence of 15 to 50 per 100,000 population. Since Ménière's disease is thought to be triggered by an immune insult to the inner ear, we examined intraendolymphatic sac application of steroids as a new therapeutic strategy for intractable Ménière's disease.Study Design: Prospective randomized controlled study.Methods: Between 1996 and 2005, we enrolled and assigned 197 intractable Ménière's patients to three groups in a randomized controlled trial: Group I (G‐I)— patients who underwent endolymphatic sac drainage and steroid‐instillation; Group II (G‐II)—those who underwent endolymphatic sac drainage without steroid‐instillation; and Group III (G‐III)—those who declined endolymphatic sac drainage. Definitive spells and hearing in all three groups were determined for 2 to 7 years after treatment.Results: According to the 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) criteria, 2‐year results demonstrated that vertigo was completely controlled in 88.0% of patients in G‐I (n = 100), 85.1% of patients in G‐II (n = 47), and 8.0% in G‐III (n = 50). Statistically, G‐I = G‐II>G‐III. Hearing was improved in 49.0% of patients in G‐I, 31.9% in G‐II, and 6.0% in G‐III (G‐I>G‐II>G‐III). Results after 7 years showed that vertigo was completely controlled in 78.8% of patients in G‐I, 79.2% in G‐II, and 25.0% in G‐III (G‐I = G‐II>G‐III). Hearing improved in 36.5% of patients in G‐I, 8.3% in G‐II, and 0.0% in G‐III (G‐I>G‐II = G‐III).Conclusions: From non‐surgical observation in G‐III for at least 7 years after treatment, steroids instilled into endolymphatic sac in G‐I patients significantly improved hearing in intractable Ménière's patients, more so than endolymphatic sac drainage without steroids in G‐II patients.
Role of Planned Postchemoradiotherapy Selective Neck Dissection in the Multimodality Management of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Nouraei S A. Reza , Upile Tahwinder , Al‐Yaghchi Chadwan , Lei Mary , Sandhu Guri S. , Stewart Simon , Clarke Peter M. , Sandison Ann 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: To assess the oncologic efficacy and functional outcome of selective postchemoradiotherapy neck dissection for stage IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Methods: Retrospective review of patients with N2–3 cervical metastases at presentation who underwent planned neck dissection after complete biopsy‐proven clearance of primary site mucosal disease with chemoradiotherapy between 2000 and 2006.Results: There were 31 males and 10 females. The average age at presentation was 57 ± 9 years. The oropharynx was the most common primary site (n = 23; 56%). Forty‐nine hemineck dissections were performed, including six bilateral and two revision procedures. Sixteen (39%) patients had residual viable postchemoradiotherapy neck disease. Patient weight did not deteriorate after neck dissection (P > .4). Two patients had persistently worsened postoperative swallowing. Ten patients required shoulder physiotherapy, of whom eight were treated with conservative measures. Five‐year hemineck disease control and disease‐specific survival rates were 92% and 64%, respectively. Presence of viable postchemoradiotherapy neck disease was the only independent predictor of regional control (P < .001; hazard ratio 0.00; 0.00–0.40) and disease‐specific survival (P < .02; hazard ratio 0.23; 0.04–0.55). Surgery was twice more likely to confer therapeutic benefit than to cause a significant, albeit in most cases, transitory, complication.Conclusions: Neck dissection is a safe and effective procedure and a necessary component of the multimodality management of all head and neck cancer patients with N2–3 disease. It should be performed soon after satisfactory demonstration of primary site disease clearance. Universal deployment of radical surgery appears unnecessary and should, when possible, be abandoned in favor of more selective procedures to lessen morbidity.
Quantitative real‐time PCR primer design, cDNA amplification and sequence analysis from 22 genes mainly associated with lipid metabolism in Pekin (Anas platyrhynchos) and Muscovy (Cairina moschata) ducks
Authors: Hérault F. , Robert E. , Diot C. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryFew genomic tools are available in ducks. To produce some new resources, we have designed Pekin (Anas platyrhynchos) and Muscovy (Cairina moschata) duck‐specific primers for 22 genes involved mainly in lipid metabolism, and to a lesser extent in carbohydrate metabolism and other functions. Primers were designed according to duck sequences when available and otherwise from the corresponding conserved regions in chicken and human sequences. These primers allowed quantitative RT‐PCR amplification of RNA from Pekin and Muscovy ducks. Amplified cDNA products from both species were sequenced and were found to be very similar to chicken sequences (about 94%). This work provides additional genomic resources and polymorphism information for some genes in duck species and represents a first step towards gene expression analyses in Pekin and Muscovy ducks.
Quadruple rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection after two treatment failures
Authors: Hsu P. I. , Wu D. C. , Chen A. , Peng N. J. , Tseng H. H. , Tsay F. W. , Lo G. H. , Lu C. Y. , Yu F. J. , Lai K. H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBackground A standard third‐line therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection is lacking, and antimicrobial sensitivity data for patients who failed eradication therapy are often unavailable in clinical practice. We therefore designed the prospective study to assess the efficacy of levofloxacin, amoxicillin, bismuth and rabeprazole quadruple therapy as a third‐line treatment for H. pylori infection.Patients and methods From September 2005 to August 2007, 37 consecutive H. pylori‐infected patients who had failed standard first‐line and second‐line treatments underwent a 10‐day quadruple therapy comprising rabeprazole (20 mg b.i.d.), bismuth subcitrate (300 mg q.d.s.), amoxicillin (500 mg q.d.s.) and levofloxacin (500 mg o.d.). Follow‐up endoscopy with rapid urease test, histological examination and culture was performed at 6 weeks after the end of treatment to evaluate the response to therapy.Results Helicobacter pylori was successfully eradicated in 31 out of 37 patients (84% by both intention‐to‐treat analysis and per‐protocol analysis). All patients complied with the eradication therapies, and only seven patients (19%) complained of mild‐to‐moderate adverse events. Amoxicillin‐ and levofloxacin‐resistant strains were observed in 17% and 22% of the patients, respectively. There were no significant differences between H. pylori eradication rates and antibiotic resistances.Conclusions The 10‐day levofloxacin‐ and amoxicillin‐based quadruple therapy is well tolerated and achieves a high eradication rate as a third‐line empirical treatment for H. pylori infection.
Dental anomalies and associated factors in 2‐ to 5‐year‐old Brazilian children
Authors: KRAMER PAULO FLORIANI , FELDENS CARLOS ALBERTO , FERREIRA SIMONE HELENA , SPIGUEL MÔNICA HERMANN , FELDENS ELIANE GERSON 
Published: April 2008

Background.  Dental anomalies in primary teeth may lead to functional and aesthetic disorders, and their recognition contributes to early diagnosis and long‐term treatment planning.Objective.  This study investigated the prevalence of dental anomalies in primary dentition and associated factors in Brazilian preschoolers.Methods.  The study population of this cross‐sectional study comprised 1260 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children from public nurseries in Canoas, southern Brazil. Dental anomalies were recorded by five trained examiners according to Kreiborg criteria; classification included double teeth, hypodontia, supernumerary, and microdontia.Results.  Dental anomalies as a group were found in 2.5% of children, although no significant difference occurred between genders and races. All the anomalies were observed in the anterior region, with no significant differences between the arches. However, supernumerary teeth were significantly more frequent among the non‐white racial group (Fisher; P = 0.025) and double teeth on the lower arch (McNemar; P = 0.020). Individual anomaly frequencies were: double teeth, 1.3%; hypodontia, 0.6%; supernumerary, 0.3%; and microdontia, 0.3%.Conclusions.  The frequency of primary dentition anomalies as a group was greater than that reported in other populations; the findings of this study provide a clear vision of the distribution of this oral condition and may well contribute to early detection and treatment planning.
Vaccination against hydatidosis using a defined recombinant antigen
Authors: LIGHTOWLERS M. W. , LAWRENCE S. B. , GAUCI C. G. , YOUNG J. , RALSTON M. J. , MAAS D. , HEATH D. D. 
Published: April 2008

SUMMARYEchinococcus granulosus is the causative agent of hydatid disease in humans and animals. Natural transmission of the parasite occurs between dogs as definitive hosts and animal intermediate hosts. There is an urgent need for improved methods to control the parasite's transmission. Here we describe the development of a vaccine based on a cloned recombinant antigen from the parasite egg (oncosphere). Sheep vaccinated with the antigen, designated EG95, are protected (mean 96–98%) against hydatidosis developing from an experimental challenge infection with E. granulosus eggs. The vaccine will provide a valuable new tool to aid in control of transmission of this important human pathogen. It also has the potential to prevent hydatid disease directly through vaccination of humans.
Ecophysiological Association and Balance among some Grassland Communities of Jhansi ‐ India
Authors: Gupta J. N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEcophysiological balance among four available prominent grassland communities (dominated with 1. Heteropogon contortus, 2. Eremopogon foveolatus, 3. Sporobolus diander, 4. Themeda quadrivalvis besides the prominency of Desmostachya bipinnata in all the communities) were studied by analysing their biomass structure, production and rate of litter decomposition of component taxa. These communities have different pattern of management and utilization aspect. Jhansi is geographically situated at 78°35’ E long, and 25°27’ N lat. about 275 MSL; and its climate is of tropical monsoonic. The soil at all the sites were sandy and sand percentage ranges between 59–80%. The thorough analysis reveal that in tropical monsoonic climatic situation the biomass production reached at potential level in wet situation (July‐September with moderate temperature 32°C) which gradually drops and thus reached poor biomass production under cold dry situation during February. The rhythmic situation for the presence of potential aboveground production m−2 was recorded in the month of April in site IV and May in site I. Apparently poor aboveground production in the month of January in site II and December in site III was due to dormant situation of the species during this period. Similar observations recorded with litter availability. It is significant to narrate that litter decomposition rate reached from 82–99% indicating its pattern of utilization as an automatic system of green manuring.
Physical Properties and Rice Yield as Related to Organic Amendments and Depth of Mixing
Authors: Bhadoria P. B. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField experiments were conducted at the farmers field wherein Rice husk, FYM, Neem cake and Saw dust were incorporated with in the soil at 5 and 20 cm depth. The results indicates that incorporation of organic amendments have reduced the bulk density and retained higher moisture at 1/3 bar than control. As a consequence root penetration and grain yield increased considerably. The percentage increase in grain yield over control was about 30 percent under neem cake treatments.