bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomics Data Collection – The 1st ProDaC workshop 26 April 2007 Ecole Normale Supérieur, Lyon, France
Authors: Eisenacher Martin , Hardt Tanja , Hamacher Michael , Martens Lennart , Häkkinen Jari , Levander Fredrik , Apweiler Rolf , Meyer Helmut E. , Stephan Christian 
Published: August 2007

AbstractProteomics Data Collection (ProDaC) is an EU funded “Coordination Action” within the 6th framework programme. It aims to simplify the publication, dissemination and utilization of proteomics data by establishing standards that will support broad data collection from the research community. The 1st ProDaC workshop 2007 (succeeding the kick‐off meeting last year at the HUPO World Congress 2006) took place at the Ecole Normale Supérieur in Lyon, France. These workshops take place as regular meetings on a half‐year basis. On Thursday April 26th 2007 the progress of the first six months of the project was presented by the leaders of each of the seven work packages.
Theoretical investigations of the molecular conformation and reorganization energies in the organic diamines as hole‐transporting materials
Authors: Pan Jiunn‐Hung , Chou Yu‐Ma , Chiu Houn‐Lin , Wang Bo‐Cheng 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRecently, organic diamine compounds have been widely used as hole‐transporting materials. In this work, DFT B3LYP method with the 6‐31G* basis set was performed to investigate the influence of molecular conformation on the reorganization energy of a series of tetra(aryl)benzidine‐based hole‐transport materials. The results indicate that there are two types (i.e., ISB and BD/TPD) of geometric differences of the organic diamines with the relaxation processes. The reorganization energy of the ISB type is lower than that of the BD/TPD type. For the ISB type, the terminal phenyl moiety of the molecular framework plays an important role in determining the Marcus‐type reorganization energy and the central biphenyl moiety does not. A methyl group attached to a terminal phenyl can be used to tune the reorganization energy. According to the statistical analysis, four geometric parameters could affect the reorganization energy of the BD/TPD type. The conformation of either the central biphenyl or the terminal phenyl moiety of the BD/TPD type determines the Marcus‐type reorganization energy associated with the charge transport process at the molecular level. Presumably, this calculation can be employed to predict the electroluminescence (EL) character of the other organic diamines and to improve the design of new hole‐transporting materials in organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal density and heat of fusion for a stereo‐complex of poly(L‐lactic acid) and poly(D‐lactic acid)
Authors: Sawai Daisuke , Tsugane Yasuhito , Tamada Masanori , Kanamoto Tetsuo , Sungil Moon , Hyon Suong‐Hyu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMeasured densities of films, consisting of only stereo‐complex (sc) crystals of poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(d‐lactic acid) (PDLA), are sometimes significantly higher than the density of the sc‐crystal calculated on the basis of the previously proposed triclinic and trigonal unit cells. In this work, we reexamined the crystal density and determined the heat of fusion for the sc‐crystal. Twenty wide‐angle X‐ray reflections from a highly oriented sc‐film could be well indexed on the basis of a trigonal unit cell previously proposed by Cartier et al. The refined parameters of the trigonal cell are a = b = 1.50 nm, c = 0.823 nm, α = β = 90°, and γ = 120°. The c‐axis determined from the WAXD fiber pattern was significantly shorter than those (0.87–0.93 nm) previously reported. The crystal density of the modified cell was 1.342 ± 0.002 g/cm3, which was significantly higher than those previously reported (1.21–1.27 g/cm3). The heat of fusion for the sc‐crystal, extrapolated from the linear increase in the observed heat of fusion with decreasing the specific volume for the samples consisting of only sc‐crystals, was 155 ± 5 J/g. This value was significantly higher than those of α‐form and β‐form homo‐crystals of PLLA suggesting stronger interactions between the 32 helices of PLLA and 31 helices of PDLA in the sc‐crystal. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2632–2639, 2007
Clinical proteomics in chronic inflammatory diseases: A review
Authors: Bons Judith A. P. , van Dieijen‐Visser Marja P. , Wodzig Will K. W. H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThere is a need for better markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Proteomic strategies can be helpful to detect new biomarkers. Proteomic analyses are performed to characterize the behaviour of the system rather than the behaviour of any single component. Since the genome has been unravelled, the proteome received more attention. Aim of this review was to focus on the use of different proteomics techniques to detect potential and/or common biomarkers in chronic inflammatory diseases. The identified and validated proteins detected in the different studies are compared and discussed to conclude if there are some common markers which can be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of the three chronic inflammatory diseases described in this study; multiple sclerosis, rheumatic diseases and lung inflammatory diseases. The heat shock protein family (hsp) was entitled as biomarkers with potential for further research in multiple sclerosis. Myeloid‐related protein 8 (MRP‐8) was found in three different rheumatoid arthritis (RA) studies with different sample materials and could be a potential marker for RA. α1‐Antitrypsin was validated in two studies as a marker for sarcoidosis and α1‐antitrypsin was also found to be a marker for cystic fibrosis (CF), together with myeloperoxidase and IgG.
Sequence variation in α‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase and risk of early‐onset and familial prostate cancer
Authors: Levin Albert M. , Zuhlke Kimberly A. , Ray Anna M. , Cooney Kathleen A. , Douglas Julie A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDExpression of the α‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR) gene has been established as a sensitive and specific biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. An initial study has also suggested that the risk of familial (but not sporadic) prostate cancer may be associated with germline variation in the AMACR gene.METHODSIn a study of brothers discordant for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (including 449 affected and 394 unaffected men) from 332 familial and early‐onset prostate cancer families, we used conditional logistic regression and family‐based association tests to investigate the association between prostate cancer and five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging common haplotype variation within the coding and regulatory regions of AMACR.RESULTSThe strongest evidence for prostate cancer association was for SNP rs3195676, with an estimated odds ratio of 0.58 (95% confidence interval = 0.38–0.90; P = 0.01 for a recessive model). This non‐synonymous SNP (nsSNP) results in a methionine‐to‐valine substitution at codon 9 (M9V) in exon 2 of the AMACR gene. Three additional nsSNPs showed suggestive evidence for prostate cancer association (P ≤ 0.10).CONCLUSIONSOur results confirm an initial report of association between the AMACR gene and the risk of familial prostate cancer. These findings emphasize the value of studying early‐onset and familial prostate cancer when attempting to identify genetic variation associated with prostate cancer. Prostate 67: 1507–1513, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards ideal hexagonal self‐ordering of TiO2 nanotubes
Authors: Macak Jan M. , Albu Sergiu P. , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe present work reports on key factors that influence the degree of order in anodic TiO2 nanotube layers. We show that the anodization voltage and the Ti purity are of crucial importance for the ideality of self‐organization within the nanotube layers and that repeated anodization can significantly improve hexagonal ordering. Optimizing each factor significantly reduces the variation in the average pore diameter and strongly reduces the areal density of polygon ordering/packing errors. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of aerosol composition and concentration on the development and anvil properties of a continental deep convective cloud
Authors: Ekman A. M. L. , Engström A. , Wang C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA 3‐D cloud‐resolving model including an explicit aerosol module is used to examine the influence of a range of hygroscopic (CCN) and hydrophobic (IN) aerosol concentrations on the development of a mid‐latitude, continental deep convective cloud. The model reproduces a response to changes in CCN which is in agreement with previous studies of continental convection, i.e. lower precipitation rates and a later onset of deep convection for high CCN concentrations. However, the response is non‐linear and for low increments of CCN, coalescence and graupel formation becomes more efficient, which increases the total precipitation, i.e. a response similar to what has been obtained for oceanic deep convection. This result indicates the importance of using a range of CCN concentrations when examining aerosol influence on deep convection. The simulations show that an increased IN concentration has a substantial influence on the convective cloud development. Higher IN concentrations generally result in higher updraught velocities, a prolonged precipitation event and larger total precipitation amounts. The radiative forcing exerted by the cloud is determined by the anvil extent and ice crystal size. The anvil area is linked to the average updraught velocity which in turn is found to be correlated with the IN concentration. Homogeneously nucleated ice crystals dominate the total anvil ice mass formed, but heterogeneously formed ice crystals may significantly alter the homogeneous freezing process. For the simulated case, a key parameter for determining whether the number of homogeneously nucleated ice crystals will decrease or increase with increasing IN concentration is the initial updraught velocity. This dependence makes the results sensitive to the amount of heterogeneously formed ice crystals. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Simulated time for host‐based testing with TTCN‐3
Authors: Blom Stefan , Deiß Thomas , Ioustinova Natalia , Kontio Ari , van de Pol Jaco , Rennoch Axel , Sidorova Natalia 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPrior to testing embedded software in a target environment, it is usually tested in a host environment used for developing the software. When a system is tested in a host environment, its real‐time behaviour is affected by the use of simulators, emulation and monitoring. In this paper, the authors provide a semantics for host‐based testing with simulated time and propose a simulated‐time solution for distributed testing with TTCN‐3, which is a standardized language for specifying and executing test suites. The paper also presents the application of testing with simulated time to two real‐life systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic segmentation of cellular networks for improved handover performance
Authors: Tragos Elias , Karetsos George T. , Kyriazakos Sofoklis A. , Vlahodimitropoulos Kostas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOne of the most important initial steps, inherent in the planning procedure of cellular networks, is their segmentation in operational parts that is performed at different levels corresponding to the hierarchy and topology of the network. The major goal of this procedure is the efficient deployment of the system and management of the distributed segmented parts while minimizing the signaling overhead in the network. As we show here, it can take place even during the operational phase of the network when certain shortcomings appear. In this work, we present an approach based on graph theory for the segmentation of cellular networks at the Base Station Controller (BSC) level that achieves a significant increase in the performance of the network. In particular, with the proposed method, both the handover attempts when a mobile station is moving to a cell belonging to a different BSC as well as the corresponding handover failure rate are decreased significantly, allowing for a continuous network upgrade. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feature
Authors: Hutchins R. P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractControl of oilseed processing for best quality and yield requires attention to many details, starting at the seed unloading station and continuing through to the loading of products. Present trading rules encourage practices that degrade oil and meal. Better cleaning would pay handsomely in quality products. The continuous mechanical screw‐press process and the solvent extraction process have many common problems which involve quality and yield control. Time, temperature, and moisture are the variable involved in all the unit processes that comprise oilseed milling. These unit processes and some recent developments in low‐temperature processing are described. Oilseed milling is still “rough terrain” with regard to automation, but labor costs as a percentage of total processing costs are relatively low in large‐capacity plants.
Methods for stability and antioxidant measurement
Authors: Sherwin E. R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA great variety of books and technical papers has been published dealing in detail with the basic chemistry of rancidity in fats and oils and the techniques which have been investigated as a means of determining the stability characteristics of fats and oils as well as the effectiveness of various agents, such as antioxidants, in improving those stability characteristics. This review of methods for stability and antioxidant measurement is intended to serve as a relatively brief outline of that particular area of fat and oil technology.
Fatty amidoamine derivatives: N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐(3‐alkylamidopropyl)amines and their salts
Authors: Muzyczko T. M. , Shore S. , Loboda J. A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA group of cationic surfactants based on N‐alkylamidopropyl‐N,N‐dimethylamines, R‐CONHCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2, was studied. Caprylamidopropyl, capramidopropyl, lauramidopropyl, stearamidopropyl and oleamidopropyl dimethylamines were prepared, purified and characterized. NMR, IR, and pKb data are reported. The acetate and methylchloride quaternary salts of these amines were also prepared and evaluated as bactericides gelling agents, and foaming surfactants. Surface tensions, interfacial tensions, critical micelle concentrations and Ross‐Miles foam heights were determined. N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)stearamide formed well structured gels in white mineral oil and deodorized kerosene. Further, these amidoamines and their salts showed excellent antistatic properties and were substantive to hair and skin.
Fatty glycols and isostearyl alcohol as lipstick components
Authors: Egan Richard R. , Hoffman Bernard J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIt is now possible to formulate lipsticks with a minimum number of ingredients. By using isostearyl alcohol as the oil phase and the appropriate vicinal glycols as the wax phase, both of which are good bromo solvents, a wide range of plastic properties may be obtained. The necessity of using oxidation inhibitors and couplers for incompatible bromo solvents is avoided. These raw materials are colorless, nearly odorless and tasteless, nontoxic, nonirritating, oxidation‐stable, miscible with waxes, and are good emollients.
Main constituents of rapeseed lecithin
Authors: Persmark U. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCommercial rapeseed lecithin has been analyzed after separation by silicic acid column chromatography. Besides neutral oil (40%), four major constituents have been found, viz., phosphatidyl ethanolamine (18%), phosphatidyl inositol (8%), phosphatidyl choline (16%) and sterol glycosides (8%). Among the minor fractions lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine accounts for about 2%. The phosphatides are characterized by low erucic acid content and the major fatty acids are palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids.
Direct conversion of some halogen hydroxy fatty acids into the corresponding methyl esters of ketoacids
Authors: Rankoff D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractConditions have been established for converting some methyl esters of halogen hydroxy fatty acids to keto esters in high yields of 90% of isolated product, by the action of mercuric sulfate and sulfuric acid in methanol. Investigation of the same conversion using silver nitrate has shown the formation of dihydroxy acid parallel with the keto ester. The crude reaction mixture was separated into fraction by column chromatography.
The development of a particulate radioactive soil for detergency studies
Authors: Gordon B. E. , Bastin E. L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA sample of kaolinite clay has been tagged by neutron irradiation. After an extended cooling period (18 months) to allow the short lived nuclides to decay, the clay is still sufficiently radioactive to use it in detergency studies. Extraction tests show that about 25% of the radioactivity is labile, i.e., removed by sodium tripolyphosphate but that the remainder is strongly fixed in the clay matrix, resisting extraction by built detergents. The clay has a number of nuclides emitting both beta and gamma radiation. Analytical methods for both types of radiation have been developed for use with fabrics and wash waters. The clay has been combined with the doubly labeled fatty soil (3H and14C) to make a triply labeled particulate soil. Tergotometer runs with three test fabrics show good precision for all three labeled components of the soil. Redeposition measurements were also made and showed that a considerable fraction of the residual clay on a washed swatch may in fact be due to redeposition rather than retention. Some problems remain in the application of this synthetic soil: the padding step must be modified so that the clay is more tenaciously bound to the fabric; a more automatic method of padding is required to handle large numbers of samples; the specific activity of the clay should be increased so that liquid scintillation analysis for all three tagged components can be made on a single sample of wash water.
Epoxidation of alkyl esters of 12,13‐epoxyoleic acids and evaluation of the diepoxides as plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Rusling J. F. , Riser G. R. , Snook M. E. , Scott W. E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl and 2‐ethylhexyl esters of 9,10:12,13‐diepoxystearic acid were prepared by peracetic acid oxidation of the corresponding esters of 12,13‐epoxyoleic acid. Using a 60 mole per cent excess of peracid at 30 C in chloroform as solvent, epoxidation was complete in 5 hr. A small aqueous phase was observed in the reaction mixture which decreases the amount of peracid available for reaction. This is due to the water and H2O2 present in the commercial peracetic acid used. Thin‐layer and gas chromatographic analysis showed that the diepoxides formed as isomers. These did not react quantitatively with HBr by the Durbetaki method. Isomers of methyl and propyl diepoxy esters were separated by crystallization.The methyl (pure and mixed isomers), isobutyl, 2‐ethylhexyl and octyl (all mixed isomers) diepoxy esters were evaluated as plasticizers of poly (vinyl chloride). Delta values showed that these esters have good compatibility. Results are compared with commercial epoxidized soybean oil control. These diepoxy esters show better low temperature properties and have higher migration and volatility values than the control. They are more efficient plasticizers than the control. The liquid isomer of the methyl ester, as well as the 2‐ethylhexyl ester, should be useful as primary plasticizers and in combination with other plasticizers as plasticizer stabilizers.
Introduction: The great variety of spectroscopic techniques available for the analysis of fatty acids and lipids
Authors: O’Connor Robert T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA consideration of the electromagnetic spectrum from the high energy gamma radiation, through x‐ray radiation, the electronic regions of the ultraviolet and visible, the vibrational region of infrared and the rotational region of microwaves, to the lower energy of radio frequencies are now used in resonance techniques. A consideration of how these various radiations can be used in emission, absorption, secondary emission (or fluorescence) and various scattering techniques, show that there are approximately 40 different ways in which spectra can be used as a potential tool for the analytical chemist. However, not all of them are applicable to the analysis of fats and lipids. Six methods will be reviewed with emphasis on the most up‐to‐date techniques and analyses used in fatty acid or lipid chemistry. In addition, two papers, on gas‐liquid chromatography and a description of the important development of computer aided chemical spectroscopy will be presented.
Application of wide‐line NMR to analysis of cereal products and fats and oils
Authors: Pohle W. D. , Gregory R. L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe principal areas of interest to cereal and oil chemists of wide‐line NMR have been reviewed. It provides a rapid method for moisture in cereals where a large number of analyses are required. In the field of plant breeding and genetics of oil seed it provides a non‐destructive means of selecting seeds for test and evaluating the seeds grown. In the area of fats, oils and shortenings it provides a rapid and accurate means of measuring the solids content over a wide range of temperatures and can be applied to a finished product as is, under selected conditions.
High resolution NMR spectroscopy and some examples of its use
Authors: Hopkins C. Y. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHigh resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has gained wide acceptance in the study of fatty acids and other lipids. Some of the techniques are described and examples of identification and structure determination of fatty compounds are given. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is of particular value in the examination of acids with various types of unsaturation, such as mono‐ and polyenoic, acetylenic, allenic and conjugated. Acids with a cyclopropene or cyclopropane ring have been detected and studied by NMR. Positional isomers of certain substituted acids can be identified by the NMR spectrum alone. Other lipids such as glyceryl ethers, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelin and plasmalogens have been investigated with the aid of NMR. Reference is made to studies of other compounds, including steroids, rotenones, gossypol, glycosides, sugars, amines, amino acids and polymers.
Gas‐liquid chromatography of lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids
Authors: Herb S. F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGas‐liquid chromatography is primarily a powerful separating tool. Compounds can be trapped as they emerge from the GLC apparatus for analysis by mass spectrometry and infrared or ultraviolet spectrophotometry, or the emerging separated components may flow directly into one of these instruments making positive identification of the components possible. Quantitative analyses of fats and oils are possible when certain requirements are observed. A combination of fatty acid, triglyceride and sterol analyses offers promise of a rapid means for the identification of fats and oils and their admixture or adulteration. Progress has been made on the preparation of derivatives of carbohydrates and amino acids such that these compounds may soon be analyzed as readily by GLC as lipids are today.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Piccolo Biagio , O’Connor Robert T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAtomic absorption spectrophotometry has been used for the rapid determination of various metallic and nonmetallic elements in crude and refined vegetable oils and in animal fats, many present in levels of parts per million. Various types of crude and refined vegetable oils were analyzed for Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P and Zn. This method of analysis has proven to be less time consuming, as accurate and more convenient than other spectroscopic techniques for elemental analyses.