bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value of Monoclonal Antibody 3f6 For the Detection of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia In Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimens and Induced Sputum
Authors: WAZIR J. F. , MACRORIE S. G. , COLEMAN D. V. 
Published: May 2007

The sensitivity and specificity of different staining procedures for the detection of Pneumocystis carinii organisms were compared. Three conventional stains (Papanicolaou, Giemsa and Grocott's) and one immunocytochemical stain using 3F6 antibody were used on smears prepared from the same specimen. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and induced sputum (IS) specimens were used for this purpose. One hundred and sixty‐five episodes from 142 patients were investigated by the four different staining techniques. Cysts of P. carinii were detected in 64 episodes from 63 patients. Immunocytochemical staining with 3F6 was found to be slightly more sensitive at detecting the cysts than Grocott's, Giemsa, or Papanicolaou stain.La sensibilité et la spécificité des différentes méthodes de coloration pour la détection de Pneumocystis carinii ont été comparées. Trois colorations conventionnelles (Papanicolaou, Giemsa et Grocott) et un immunomarquage avec l'anticorps 3F6 ont été utilisés sur des frottis d'un même échantillon. Le liquide de lavage bronchoalvéolaire (LBA) et l'expectoration provoquée (EP) ont constitué le matériel d'étude. Cent soixante cinq échantillons provenant de 142 patients ont étéétudiés avec ces 4 techniques de coloration. Les kystes de P. carinii ont été détectés dans 64 échantillons chez 63 malades. L'immunocytochimie avec l'anticorps 3F6 est légèrement plus sensible pour la détection des kystes que le Grocott, le Giemsa ou le Papanicolaou.Die Sensitivität und Spezifität von verschiedenen Färbeverfahren wurden hinsichtlich des Nachweises von Pneumocystis carinii verglichen. Hierbei wurden Papanicolaou‐, Giemsa‐ und Grocott‐Färbung sowie der immunocytochemische Nachweis mit dem Antikörper 3F6 am selben Material verglichen, wobei sowohl BAL als auch induziertes Sputum verwandt wurden. 165 Episoden von 142 Patienten wurden mit den 4 Darstellungsverfahren untersucht. P. carinii‐Cysten wurden in 64 Proben von 63 Patienten gefunden. Der immuncytochemische nachweis mit 3F6 erwies sich als etwas sensitiver als Grokott‐, Giemsa‐ oder Papanicolaou‐Färbung.
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia: Relationship Between Cyst Size and Response to Treatment
Authors: WAZIR J. F. , WADSWORTH J. , COLEMAN D. V. 
Published: May 2007

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a common cause of death in patients with AIDS. Diagnosis is based on cytological examination of smears prepared from induced sputum samples and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens which have been stained with methenamine silver. We have examined 46 BAL/induced sputum specimens from patients who had clinical symptoms and signs suggestive of P. carinii pneumonia and measured the diameter of a minimum 100 cysts in each specimen. We found that cyst size correlated with response to treatment with co‐trimoxazole. This observation has implications for the therapeutic management of patients with this infection.La pneumopathie áPneumocystis carinii est une cause de décès fréquente chez les patients atteints d'un syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise (SIDA). Le diagnostic est basé sur l'examen cytologique des frottis préparés à partir du produit d'expectoration provoquée ou du liquide de lavage bronchoalvéolaire (LBA), après coloration de Grocott. Le diamètre d'au moins 100 kystes par échantillon a été mesuré dans 46 prélèvements de LBA/expectoration provoquée de patients présentant des signes cliniques suggérant une pneumopathie àPneumocystis carinii. Nous avons constaté que le diamètre des kystes est corrélé avec la réponse au traitment par co‐trimoxazole, Cette observation a des implications sur la conduite du traitement des patients porteurs de cette infection.PCP ist eine häufige Todesursache bei HIV‐Patienten. Die diagnose beruht auf dem cytologischen Nachweis in induzierten Sputumausstrichen oder bronchio‐lo‐alveolären Lavagen mit der Grokott‐Färbung. In 46 positiven Fällen wurde der Durchmesser von mindestens 100 Cysten in jeder Probe gemessen und eine Korrelation zum Behandlungserfolg mit Co‐Trimoxazol nachgewiesen.
Expression of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐I Receptor and Transferrin Receptor By Breast Cancer Cells In Pleural Effusion Smears
Authors: ATHANASSIADOU P. , ATHANASSIADES P. , PETRAKAKOU E. , MAVRIKAKIS M. , KONSTANTOPOULOS K. , KYRKOU K. 
Published: May 2007

Smear preparations were made from cells harvested from pleural fluid from 90 patients with breast cancer and stained for transferrin receptor (TRFr) and insulin‐like growth factor‐I receptor (IGF‐Ir) using an immunocytochemical technique. the results were correlated with those from 36 benign effusion smears. In malignant smears from the breast cancer cases TRFr was demonstrated in 84.4% of the cellular deposits and IGF‐Ir in 91.1%. TRFr was demonstrated in two (11%) of the tuberculous effusion smears and in six (100%) effusions from patients with collagen disease. IGF‐Ir was not demonstrated in any of the smears from patients with benign disease. the sensitivity and specificity of TRFr staining were 84.4% and 77.7%, respectively, and for IGF‐Ir staining were 91.1% and 100%, respectively. the underlying metabolic changes in the tumour cells which give rise to positive staining with these markers are discussed.Les préparations cytologiques ont été obtenues à partir de cellules recueillies dans le liquide pleural chez 90 patientes ayant un cancer du sein puis ont fait I'objet de techniques immunocytochimiques pour mettre en évidence les récepteurs de la Transferrine (TRF‐r) et du facteur de croissance Insulin Like‐I (IGF‐Ir). Les résultats ont été corrélés avec ceux obtenus sur 36 épanchements bénins. Dansles étalements provenant de patientes traitées pour cancer du sein, TRF‐r est positif dans 84,4% des groupements cellulaires et I'IGF‐Ir dans 91,1%. Une activité pour le TRF‐r est observée dans deux cas (11%) d'epanchements tuberculeux et dans les 6 cas (100Y0) d'épanchement survenant chez des patients atteints de collagénose. Aucune activité IGF‐Ir n'est présente dans les cellules des épanchements des patients atteints d'affection bénigne. La sensibilité et la spécificité de I'activité TRF‐r sont de 84,4% et de 77% respectivement, celles de I'activité IGF‐Ir étant de 91,1% et de 100% respectivement. Les modifications métaboloques sous‐jacentes á la positivité en immunocytologie des cellules tumorales avec ces marqueurs sont discutiés.Ausstriche von Pleuraergüssen von 90 Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom wurden hinsichtlich Tranferrinrezeptoren (TRF‐r) und Insulinwachstumsrezeptor (IGF‐r) untersucht. 36 benigne Ergüsse dienten als Vergleich. In tumorösen Ergüssen waren TFGr in 84,4% und IGFr in 91,1% nachweisbar. TRFr war ausserdem in 2 (11Y0) der tuberkulösen und 6 (100%) der rheumatischen Ergüsse positiv währen IGFr in keinem der benignen Fälle positiv ausfiel. Sensitivität und Spezifität waren für TRFr 84,4% bzw. 77,7% und IGFr 91,1y0 bzw. 100%. Die metabolischen Veränderungen der Tumorzellen werden diskutiert.
Ciliate communities in shallow groundwater: seasonal and spatial characteristics
Authors: ANDRUSHCHYSHYN OKSANA P. , WILSON KEVIN P. , WILLIAMS D. DUDLEY 
Published: May 2007

Summary1. Ciliated protozoans (Phylum Ciliophora) were collected from five sites in a shallow groundwater system in southern Ontario, Canada over a 13‐month period: one at the spring source, two along the channel banks, and two in the stream channel. Ciliates and environmental data were collected from surface water and at five depths into the sediment, located at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm.2. Species richness was high (170 ciliate species belonging to 89 genera were identified) and variable, both spatially and temporally. Highest species richness (86) occurred between 20 and 60 cm, and typically decreased below 60 cm.3. Ciliate densities were also seasonally and spatially variable. Densities peaked in March between 40 cm (as high as 69 900 cells L−1) and 60 cm, and again in May and June at 80 and 100 cm. Densities were lowest in winter. The surface‐water ciliate community had a different species composition and lower population densities.4. At all depths, small (<50 μm) bacterivorous ciliates typically dominated, but omnivorous and predatory species were also present (combined, up to 30% of the average density).5. Several ciliate genera, traditionally considered planktonic, occurred at low densities from 40 cm down to 100 cm.6. Ordination analysis indicated that the main factors influencing the shallow groundwater ciliate communities were depth and temperature.7. Dissolved oxygen also appeared to influence these communities in that they typically comprised genera that preferred either low‐oxygen or anaerobic conditions.
An altered FtsA can compensate for the loss of essential cell division protein FtsN in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bernard Christophe S. , Sadasivam Mahalakshmi , Shiomi Daisuke , Margolin William 
Published: May 2007

SummaryFtsN is the last known essential protein component to be recruited to the Escherichia coli divisome, and has several special properties. Here we report the isolation of suppressor mutants of ftsA that allow viability in the absence of ftsN. Cells producing the FtsA suppressors exhibited a mild cell division deficiency in the absence of FtsN, and no obvious phenotype in its presence. Remarkably, these altered FtsA proteins also could partially suppress a deletion of ftsK or zipA, were less toxic than wild‐type FtsA when in excess, and conferred resistance to excess MinC, indicating that they share some properties with the previously isolated FtsA* suppressor mutant, and bypass the need for ftsN by increasing the integrity of the Z ring. TolA, which normally requires FtsN for its recruitment to the divisome, localized proficiently in the suppressed ftsN null strain, strongly suggesting that FtsN does not recruit the Tol–Pal complex directly. Therefore, despite its classification as a core divisome component, FtsN has no unique essential function but instead promotes overall Z ring integrity. The results strongly suggest that FtsA is conformationally flexible, and this flexibility is a key modulator of divisome function at all stages.
Identification of a new OmpA‐like protein in Neisseria gonorrhoeae involved in the binding to human epithelial cells and in vivo colonization
Authors: Serino Laura , Nesta Barbara , Leuzzi Rosanna , Fontana Maria Rita , Monaci Elisabetta , Mocca Brian T. , Cartocci Elena , Masignani Vega , Jerse Ann E. , Rappuoli Rino , Pizza Mariagrazia 
Published: May 2007

SummaryOuter membrane protein As (OmpAs) are highly conserved proteins within the Enterobacteriaceae family. OmpA contributes to the maintenance of structural membrane integrity and invasion into mammalian cells. In Escherichia coli K1 OmpA also contributes to serum resistance and is involved in the virulence of the bacterium. Here we describe the identification of an OmpA‐like protein in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng‐OmpA). We show that the gonococcal OmpA‐like protein, similarly to E. coli OmpA, plays a significant role in the adhesion and invasion into human cervical carcinoma and endometrial cells and is required for entry into macrophages and intracellular survival. Furthermore, the isogenic knockout ompA mutant demonstrates reduced recovery in a mouse model of infection when compared with the wild‐type strain, suggesting that Ng‐OmpA plays an important role in the in vivo colonization. All together, these data suggest that the newly identified surface exposed protein Ng‐OmpA represents a novel virulence factor of gonococcus.
Cellular levels and activity of the flagellar sigma factor FliA of Escherichia coli are controlled by FlgM‐modulated proteolysis
Authors: Barembruch Claudia , Hengge Regine 
Published: May 2007

SummaryIn Escherichia coli the flagellar regulon consists of more than 60 genes organized in three hierarchically and temporally regulated transcriptional classes. The flagellar sigma factor FliA (σ28) is responsible for class 3 expression and, in the early phase of flagellar assembly, is inhibited by its anti‐sigma factor FlgM. The flagellar hook basal body forms a type III secretion system capable of secreting both flagellar subunits and FlgM. This results in release and therefore activation of FliA and class 3 expression. Here we demonstrate that FliA is also subject to proteolysis which mainly depends on Lon protease. FlgM not only acts as an anti‐sigma factor but also protects FliA from being degraded. Based on quantitative measurements over time upon experimental induction of the flagellar cascade as well as during the growth cycle of a motile strain, we show that FliA proteolysis increases in parallel to class 3 expression, i.e. correlates with FlgM secretion and the phase of highest activity of FliA. Thus, when FlgM is not available due to secretion or mutation, and with RNA polymerase interaction being only transient during the transcription initiation cycle, the proteases can degrade FliA. Experiments with a lon mutant indicate that Lon protease and FliA degradation maintain appropriate FliA : FlgM stoichiometry upon induction of the flagellar system and thereby contribute to timely shut‐off of this system.
Malassezia (Pityrosporon) Folliculitis Occurring During Pregnancy
Authors: Heymann Warren R. , Wolf Daniel J. 
Published: May 2007

A 23‐year‐old black woman presented in the 37th week of her first pregnancy complaining of a pruritic rash of 4 months' duration. The lesions appeared acutely on her neck, trunk, and proximal extremities and did not respond to therapy with a topical benzoyi peroxide gel. The patient had been treated for mild facial acne vulgaris since the age of 18 years. Her acne reportedly responded to therapy with topical benzoyi peroxide gel, tretinoin cream, and oral courses of tetracycline. The tetracycline was discontinued when the patient learned that she was pregnant. Otherwise, the patient was in excellent health, without a history of diabetes mellitus or Cushing's syndrome. She was taking no systemic medications during the pregnancy.Physical examination was remarkable for the presence of monomorphous follicular erythematous papules and pustules on the patient's neck, chest, upper back, and proximal extremities (Fig. 1). Comedones and cysts were not apparent.Histopathologic examination of a typical lesion revealed a dilated, plugged hair follicle containing keratinaceous material, acute and chronic inflammatory cells, and spherical to oval budding yeast‐like organisms without hyphal forms (Fig. 2). The organisms were readily apparent on PAS‐stained sections, staining PAS‐positive and diastase resistant (Fig. 3).
Pityriasis Rotunda
Authors: Zina A. M. , Ubertalli S. , Bundino S. 
Published: May 2007

A 13‐year‐old boy and his sisters (11 and 14, respectively] consulted us for the same derniatoses. The boy and the elder sister had been suffering for over 4 years, while the younger sister was in her first year of the disease. The clinical pictures were alike: many circular or oval patches of furfuraceous desquamation scattered over the trunk and limbs. Lesions were sharply demarcated and frequently confluent with a polycyclic outline (Figs. 1, 2). Their size varied from 2–3 cm to more than 10 cm and they numbered more than 40 in every patient. The patches were hypochromic and prominent over the sunbathed skin (Fig. 1); the boy alone bad a few lesions darker than the surrounding skin. The dermnloses appeared to fluctuate in severity with a modest improvement during summer, While its extension remained unchanged, a follow up after a year revealed that single lesions had eilber disappeared or spread out while new ones had surfaced; furthermore, the boy had no more hyperchromic lesions. The skin elsewhere was normal.We examined the parents and were surprised to learn that their father suffered from ichtbyosis vulgaris (IV) (Fig. 3); in addition, he stated that his mother had the same disease; he could not specify if other members of the family had any signs of IV or PR.Microscopic examinations and cultures were carried out in the children and were repeatedly negative for fungi. A bistologic examination was obtained from the father and his son. Both IV and PR sbowed the same picture: a moderate byperkeratosis (strictly ortokeratotic) surmounted an absent or reduced granular layer and an otherwise normal epidermis.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: Penmetcha Mohan , Navaratnam Anton E. 
Published: May 2007

A 67‐year‐old man presented in April 1983 with three painful ulcers with bluish margins on the right shin and the lower back. The largest lesion was 6 cm in diameter. The lesions had started as painful nodules 8 months previously; these ulcerated within 2 weeks and fluctuated in size. There was no history of arthritis or bowel disease. Full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum electrolytes, urea, and liver enzymes were normal. Antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor were negative. The serum IgA level was elevated at 7.35 g/L (normal 0.8–4 g/L). Immunoelec‐trophoresis revealed IgA kappa paraproteinemia. Bence Jones protein was not found in the urine. Skeletal survey, bone marrow, sigmoidoscopy, and rectal biopsy were normal. No bacterial pathogens were grown. Histology of the edge of the ulcer showed dermal abscesses, dermal granulation tissue, and chronic inflammatory infiltrate extending to the subcutis.During the next 2 years the patient developed active pyodermatous lesions on the trunk and left arm. Between April 1983 and March 1986, the patient received a combination of prednisolone 15–40 mgand azathioprine 50–100 mg daily, a 12‐week course of dapsone 200 mg daily, and repeated courses of oral and topical antibiotics. During this period, although the disease activity was lessened, the lesions never healed completely.In April 1986, the pyoderma gangrenosum was more active; the ulcers enlarged and deyeloped active pustules at the margins. While the patient was still taking prednisolone 15 mg and azathioprine 50 mg, oral cyclosporin A 6 mg/kg daily (250 mg twice daily) was started; after 3 weeks, the dosage was increased to 10 mg/kg daily (400 mg twice daily) and the prednisolone was reduced to 5 mg daily over 2 months. At 3 weeks the ulcers started to heal, and at seven weeks all ulcers healed, leaving papery scars. Over a period of 4 weeks, the dosage of cyclosporin A was gradually reduced and the ulcers remained healed at a maintenance dosage of 250 mg daily. There was no change in the paraproteinemia. Weekly whole blood cyclosporin A levels were measured, and they fluctuated between 800 ng/ml and 910 ng/ml. On two occasions the levels were >1500 ng/ml.During the course of the treatment, the patient developed nausea, hypertrichosis, transient thrombocytopenia, and hypertension (blood pressure of 190/110 mmHg); creatinine clearance fell from 87 to 46 ml/min. At a maintenance dosage of 250 mg daily, the blood pressure was 180/100 mmHg and creatinine clearance was 64 ml/min.
Risk Factors for Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hogan Daniel J. , To Teresa , Gran Linda , Wong David , Lane Peter R. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:Completed questionnaires regarding suspected risk factors for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were completed by 538 basal cell carcinoma patients and 738 age‐, sex‐, and location‐matched controls in Saskatchewan. Significant risk (actors were identified using chi2 analyses. Relative risks were subsequently computed. The following relative risks were identified: occupation of farming, 1.29; prominent freckles in childhood, 1.23; family history of skin cancer, 1.22; sunburn, 1.19; Irish, Scottish, Welsh mother, 1.19; light skin color, 1.18; red/blond hair color, 1.16; and working outdoors more than 3 hours/day in winter, 1.13: The average age of cases of BCC with a family history of skin cancer was significantly lower than cases of BCC with no family history of skin cancer (63.86 vs. 67.02 years, p = 0.018). No association was noted between BCC and psoriasis.
Determination of Different Populations of Blood Lymphocytes in Brazilian Patients with Hanseniasis
Authors: Azulay Rubem David 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:The number of B and T lymphocytes were determined in the blood of 35 Brazilian patients with leprosy: 19 lepromatous (L), 9 borderline (B), 4 tuberculoid (T), and 3 indeterminate (I) and also in a control group of 30 normal individuals. The results, were as follows. B lymphocytes, no differences between the patients with hanseniasis and the control group; T lymphocytes, there was an evident depletion in the patients with L compared to the control group and patients with T; and the average of T lymphocytes in B and I was lower than that seen in the control group and in patients with T. Despite this alteration they approach to what is found in the patients with T and the control group.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: El Darouti M. A. , Al Rubaie S. M. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:A combination of both intralesional stibogluconate injection and superficial cryotherapy (not including the base of the lesion nor the 1–2 mm rim of the surrounding normal skin) was performed in an attempt to improve the therapeutic efficacy of either of the two modalities when used separately in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. This combined therapy resulted in a 100% cure rate in 75 patients with 23 lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Two control groups, one treated with superficial cryo and the other treated with intralesional Stibogluconate injection alone were included in the study for evaluation. The results obtained by combined superficial freezing and intralesional Stibogluconate injection were much more impressive than those obtained by each of the two modalities when used alone.
Argon Laser Treatment of Small Keratoacanthomas in Difficult Locations
Authors: Neumann Reinhard A. , Knobler Robert M. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract:Seventeen patients (mean age, 64.7 years) with solitary keratoacanthomas (KA) located on the face and auricles were treated with the argon laser. All lesions were less than 10 mm in diameter and had been present for 2–10 weeks (mean, 3.8 weeks). The diagnosis was made clinically and was confirmed by histology. The lesions were treated with the argon laser using the continuous exposure technique with a power setting of 4.5 watts (W) and a beam diameter of 1 mm. Complete re‐epithelialization occurred within 14–21 days. Excellent treatment results were achieved in 65% of the patients. Thirty‐five percent healed with mild scarring. During a follow‐up period of 2 years no recurrences were noted. The use of the argon laser for removal of small KAs in difficult locations, which would often require invasive surgery, appears to be an effective additional treatment modality.
Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Exophiala jeanselmei After Renal Transplantation
Authors: Hachisuka Hiroshi , Matsumoto Tadahiko , Kusuhara Masahiro , Nomura Hirofumi , Nakano Shunji , Sasai Yoichiro 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:A 60‐year‐old man who had had a renal transplantation developed a nodule on the dorsum of his right middle finger, which was subsequently diagnosed as cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei. The patient was successfully treated with 5–fluorocytosine. To our knowledge, this case is the third reported case in the world caused by this species in a postrenal transplant patient that manifested as phaeohyphomycosis.
Cronkhite‐Canada Syndrome
Authors: Herzberg Arlene J. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT:This article describes the light and electron microscopic studies from a macule and the surrounding lightly hyperpigmented skin of a patient with the Cronkhite‐Canada syndrome. Increased numbers of melanin granules in keratinocytes, increased numbers of melanosomes in melanocytes, and areas with increased numbers of melanocytes were found in the macular lesion. Skin from both the macule and surrounding area were also characterized by compact hyperkeratosis as well as perivascular inflammation and exocytosis not previously reported in these patients.