bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swimming Performance of Five Warmwater Stream Fish Species
Authors: Scott Mandy K. , Magoulick Daniel D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSwimming ability of fish species may help explain their persistence or absence in flood‐disturbed streams. We used two artificial stream channels with low‐complexity (smooth Plexiglas) and high‐complexity (rocks glued onto Plexiglas) substrates to determine critical swim speeds (Ucrit, cm/s) and examine flood resistance behavior of central stonerollers Campostoma anomalum, cardinal shiners Luxilus cardinalis, orangethroat darters Etheostoma spectabile, green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, and longear sunfish L. megalotis. In the low‐complexity treatment, central stonerollers and cardinal shiners had significantly higher Ucrit than the other species, and orangethroat darters had significantly higher Ucrit than the sunfish species did. In the high‐complexity treatment, the Ucrit of central stonerollers was significantly higher than that of green sunfish, whereas those for all other species did not differ significantly. Flood resistance behavior was measured using relative velocity (i.e., a fish's chosen velocity relative to the average flume velocity). Cardinal shiners and longear sunfish chose velocities that were significantly lower than the average flume velocity in the smooth flume at Ucrit. Orangethroat darters and green sunfish chose lower‐than‐average velocities in the complex‐substrate flume at one‐half of Ucrit. No other species exhibited significant patch selection within the flume. Our results suggest that the swimming ability of central stonerollers may give them an advantage over other species during high flows in low‐complexity substrates, whereas sunfishes and orangethroat darters are better able to use high‐complexity substrates as velocity refugia during high flows.
Use of the Berg Balance Scale for Predicting Multiple Falls in Community-Dwelling Elderly People: A Prospective Study
Authors: Muir Susan W , Berg Katherine , Chesworth Bert , Speechley Mark 
Published: January 2008

Background and Purpose
Falls are a significant public health concern for older adults; early identification of people at high risk for falling facilitates the provision of rehabilitation treatment to reduce future fall risk. The objective of this prospective cohort study was to examine the predictive validity of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for 3 types of outcomes—any fall (≥1 fall), multiple falls (≥2 falls), and injurious falls—by use of sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve, and likelihood ratios.

Subjects and Methods
A sample of 210 community-dwelling older adults received a comprehensive geriatric assessment at baseline, which included the BBS to measure balance. Data on prospective falls were collected monthly for a year. The predictive validity of the BBS for the identification of future fall risk was evaluated.

Results
The BBS had good discriminative ability to predict multiple falls when ROC analysis was used. However, the use of the BBS as a dichotomous scale, with a threshold of ≤45, was inadequate for the identification of the majority of people at risk for falling in the future, with sensitivities of 25% and 45% for any fall and for multiple falls, respectively. The use of likelihood ratios, maintaining the BBS as a multilevel scale, demonstrated a gradient of risk across scores, with fall risk increasing as scores decreased.

Discussion and Conclusion
The use of the BBS as a dichotomous scale to identify people at high risk for falling should be discouraged because it fails to identify the majority of such people. The predictive validity of this scale for multiple falls is superior to that for other types of falls, and the use of likelihood ratios preserves the gradient of risk across the whole range of scores.
Correspondance d'Andreotti–Norguet et $\mathscr D$-Modules
Authors: Frot Jean-Louis 
Published: January 2008

We calculate the integral transform of a

\mathscr D

-module of rank

>1

, locally free outside the zero section of the cotangent space to the complex projective space

ℙ_n

. This allows us to complete some results of Andreotti–Norguet and Barlet: in particular we prove that the image of the integral transform obtained by integrating holomorphic forms along the linear cycles of

ℙ_n\backslash ℙ_{n-p-1}

(where

0 < p < n - 1

), is the space of holomorphic functions on the variety of cycles

\mathcal C_p(ℙ_n\backslash ℙ_{n-p-1})

, which are annihilated by a family of differential operators of order four, that we determine explicitly.

Résumé

Nous calculons l'image par transformation intégrale d'un

\mathscr D

-module de rang

>1

, localement libre en dehors de la section nulle du cotangent à l'espace projectif complexe

ℙ_n

. Ceci nous permet de compléter certains résultats d'Andreotti-Norguet et Barlet: nous montrons en particulier que l'image de la transformation obtenue en intégrant des formes holomorphes sur les cycles linéaires de

ℙ_n\backslash ℙ_{n-p-1}

(avec

0 < p < n - 1

) est l'espace des fonctions holomorphes sur l'espace des cycles

\mathcal C_p(ℙ_n\backslash ℙ_{n-p-1})

, annulées par une famille d'opérateurs différentiels d'ordre quatre, que nous déterminons explicitement.
Algèbre Homologique des $N$-Complexes et Homologie de Hochschild aux Racines de l'Unité
Authors: Kassel Christian , Wambst Marc 
Published: January 2008

We set up a homological algebra for

N

-complexes, which are graded modules together with a degree

-1

endomorphism

d

satisfying

d^N = 0

. We define

\operatorname{Tor}

- and

\operatorname{Ext}

-groups for

N

-complexes and we compute them m terms of their classical counterparts (

N = 2

) As an application, we get an alternative définition of thé Hochschild homology of an associative algebra out of an

N

-complex whose differential is based on a primitive

N

-th root of unity.

Résumé

Nous développons une algèbre homologique pour les

N

-complexes, c'est-à-dire pour des modules gradues mums d'un endomorphisme d de degré

-1

tel que

d^N=0

. Dans ce cadre nous
définissons des groupes

\operatorname{Tor}

et

\operatorname{Ext}

que nous calculons en fonction des groupes

\operatorname{Tor}

et

\operatorname{Ext}

classiques
(

N= 2

). Comme application, nous obtenons l'homologie de Hochschild d'une algèbre associative
comme l'homologie d'un

N

-complexe dont la différentielle s'exprime à l'aide d'une racine primitive

N

-ième de l'unité.
On Operator Inequalities due to Ando–Kittaneh–Kosaki
Authors: Fuji Jun Ichi , Fuji Masatoshi 
Published: January 2008

Operator norm inequalities due to Ando–Kittaneh–Kosaki for positive operators

A, B

and a non-negative operator monotone function

f

on

[0,∞)

are discussed: Main inequality is

\Vert f(A) – f (B)\Vert ≤ \Vert f(|A–B|)\Vert

. It is shown that the equality holds for invertible

A, B

and non-linear

f

if and only if

A = B

and

f(0) = 0

. Similarly, from the Kittaneh–Kosaki inequality, we show that

\Vert f(A) – f(B)\Vert = f'(t)\Vert A–B\Vert

for

A, B≥ t> 0

and nonlinear

f

if and only if

A = B

.
Passive Quasi-free States of the CAR Algebra with Discrete Hamiltonians
Authors: Batty Charles J.K. 
Published: January 2008

The spectrally passive, gauge-invariant, quasi-free stases

ω

on the C*-algebra of anticommutation relations with respect to a one-parameter quasi-free action

τ

are described. If the one-particle Hamiltonian

H

is discrete, the precise condition on the one-particle density

Q

of

ω

is combinatorial, but if the Connes spectrum of

τ

is non-zero, it implies that

Q = (I+e^{β (H+T)})^{–1}

for some

β ≥ 0

and some operator

T

of bounded trace norm, apart from some degenerate possibilities. If

H

has both discrete and continuous parts, these results can be combined with those of de Cannière for the purely continuous case.
Global Solutions to the Initial Value Problem for the Nonlinear Boltzmann Equation
Authors: Nishida Takaaki , Imai Kazuo 
Published: January 2008

The nonlinear Boltzmann equation in the rarefied gas dynamics is investigated for the gas molecules with the cut-off hard potential in the sense of Grad. The solution to the initial value problem is proved to exist uniquely in the large in time and to have the decay order of

(1 + t)^{–3/4}

as

t → + ∞

for the small initial data in the space

H_{3,3} ∩ L^1(x; L^2(v))

. The decay order is improved to

(1 + t)^{–5/4}

by the additional assumptions on the initial data.
Approximation of Exponential Function of a Matrix by Continued Fraction Expansion
Authors: Mori Masatake 
Published: January 2008

A numerical method for high order approximation of

u(t) = \exp (tA)_{u_0}

, where

A

is an

N × N

matrix and

u_0

is an

N

dimensional vector, based on the continued fraction expansion of

\exp z

is given. The approximants

H_k(z)

of the continued fraction expansion of

\exp z

are shown to satisfy

|H_k(z)| ≤ 1

for

\mathrm{Re} z ≤ 0

, which results in an unconditionally stable method when every eigenvalue of

A

lies in the left half-plane or on the imaginary axis.
Double Exponential Formulas for Numerical Integration
Authors: Takahasi Hidetosi , Mori Masatake 
Published: January 2008

A family of numerical quadrature formulas is introduced by application of the trapezoidal rule to infinite integrals which result from the given integrals

\int^b_a f(x)dx

by suitable variable transformations

x = \phi(u)

. These formulas are characterized by having double exponential asymptotic behavior of the integrands in the resulting infinite integrals as

u →± ∞

, and it is shown both analytically and numerically that such formulas are generally optimal with respect to the ecomony of the number of sampling points.
A Classification of Factors
Authors: Araki Huzihiro , Woods E. J. 
Published: January 2008

A classification of factors is given. For every factor

M

we define an algebraic invariant

r_∞(M)

, called the asymptotic ratio set, which is a subset of the nonnegative real numbers. For factors which are tensor products of type

\mathrm I

factors, the set

r_∞(M)

must be one of the following sets: (i) the empty set. (ii)

\{0\}

. (iii)

\{1\}

, (iv) a one-parameter family of sets

\{0, x^n; n = 0, ±1, \ldots\}

,

0<x<1

, (v) all nonnegative reals, (vi)

\{0,1\}

. Case (i), (ii), (iii) occurs if and only if

M

is finite type

\mathrm I

,

\mathrm I_∞

hyperfinite type

\mathrm{II}_1

, respectively. Case (iv) contains one and only one isomorphic class for each

x

, and they are type

\mathrm{III}

. The examples treated by Powers belong to case (iv). Case (v) contains only one isomorphic class and it is type

\mathrm{III}

. Thus we have a complete classification of factors

M

which are tensor products of type

\mathrm I

factors,

r_∞(M) ≠ \{0,1\}

. Case (vi) contains

\mathrm {I}_∞ \otimes

hyperfinite

\mathrm{II}_1

and also nondenumerably many type

\mathrm{III}

isomorphic classes.

Using the factors in the cases (ii), (iii), (iv) we define another algebraic invariant

ρ(M)

which is able to distinguish nondenumerably many classes in case (vi).
On some integral formulae containing Bessel functions
Authors: Orihara Akio 
Published: January 2008

So called Sounine's integral formula can be interpreted as follows [1]. Let Gn be n-dimensional Euclidean motion group and Tg be an irreducible unitary representaion of class 1. The group Gn contains the subgroup which is isomorphic to Gn–1. Being restricted to Gn–1, Tg is decomposed into irreducible representations of Gn–1. Using this decomposition, we can express the zonal spherical function of Gn by that of Gn–1. This expression is nothing but Sonnine's first integral formula. Sonnine's second integral formula can be proved in the same way.
On the other hand, the motion group of n-dimensional Lovachvsky space G (the Lorentz group) contains, as a subgroup, Gn–1. As in the previous case, restricting the irreducible representation of G to Gn–1 and decomposing it into irreducible factors, we can obtain an integral formula (6) involving Legendre and Bessel functions. In this sense, we may call the formula (6) an analogue to Sonnine's formula.
If we consider imaginary Lovachevsky space, we obtain analogous formula (7), (8).
Experience, Knowledge and Attitudes of Child Psychiatrists regarding Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Young
Authors: Walter Garry , Rey Joseph M. , Starling Jean 
Published: January 2008

Objective: To ascertain the experience, knowledge and attitudes of Australian and New Zealand child psychiatrists in relation to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the young in order to determine whether they would be willing and able to provide an opinion if consulted about children or adolescents in whom ECT is proposed. Method: A 28-item questionnaire was posted to all members of the Faculty of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry living in Australia or New Zealand. Results: Eighty-three percent (n = 206) answered the questionnaire. Forty percent rated their knowledge about ECT in the young as nil or negligible. Having had patients treated with ECT was the best predictor of possessing some knowledge. Thirty-nine percent believed that ECT was unsafe in children compared to 17% for adolescents and 3% for adults. Almost all (92%) respondents believed child psychiatrists should be consulted in all cases of persons under 19 in whom ECT was recommended. The vast majority believed the Faculty or College should have guidelines relating to ECT use in this group and that it would be useful to have a national register of young persons treated with ECT. Conclusions: Child and adolescent psychiatrists wish to be involved in the process of ECT treatment in young people. At the same time, there are gaps in their knowledge. This will need to be remedied, particularly if formal guidelines advocating their involvement are introduced.
A Profile of Children and Adolescents in a Psychiatric Unit: Multidomain Impairment and Research Implications
Authors: Paterson Roger , Bauer Peta , McDonald C. Ann , McDermott Brett 
Published: January 2008

Objective: The scientific literature has not kept pace with the evolution of child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient units, including their nature, patient profile, philosophical orientation and efficacy. This study aims to establish a comprehensive, mul-timodal description of the population served by an inpatient psychiatric treatment facility for children and adolescents. Method: A multidisciplinary assessment regime including psychiatric, medical, speech and language examination, observer rating and patient self-report of psy-chopathology was used to assess 58 consecutive patients over a 20-month period. Results: In addition to a prevalence of disruptive behaviour disorders of 67% and a high rate of comorbidity with other psychiatric conditions, a breadth of impairment was demonstrated in many areas. Significantly decreased measures of socialisation, communication, daily living skills, self-esteem, intelligence and physical health are reported. Moderate to severe language handicap was found in 40% of patients. Conclusions: The inpatient population of children and adolescents exhibited not only a high rate of disruptive behaviour disorders, frequently cornorbid with other psychiatric conditions, but also high levels of physical, speech, language and living skills impairment. This finding supports the need for multimodal, multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment in this population. Outcome research evaluating treatment effectiveness must also account for the wide-ranging disabilities of these children and adolescents.
Who is a Heavy Service User? Preliminary Development of a Screening Instrument for Prospective Consumers of a Mobile Intensive Treatment Team
Authors: Abbott Suzie , Smith Suzanne , Clarke Robert , Curson Cathy , de Gomes Souza Janice , Heslop Karen , Trainer Elizabeth , Yellowlees Peter 
Published: January 2008

Objective: The mobile intensive treatment team (MITT) of the Valley Integrated Adult Mental Health Service in Brisbane, Australia, aims to provide services in the community to people with severe and persistent mental illness who have traditionally been heavily reliant on inpatient services (i.e. heavy service users). The MITT screening instrument (MITTSI) was developed to provide an objective measure to appropriately identify patients for referral to the service. Method: A literature review and a panel of multidisciplinary clinicians were consulted to identify a list of specific attributes that would assist in the detection of heavy service users. These attributes were then formulated into an easy-to-administer screening instrument entitled the MITTSI. The MITTSI was administered in an interview format to MITT case managers (intensive case management) and to case managers in standard case management with prospective MITT patients (prospective heavy service users). Results: Analyses of the responses indicated support for the MITTSI as a valid screening instrument in identifying heavy service users and for determining appropriate patients for referral to the MITT. Conclusion: The MITTSI is an easy-to-administer screening instrument which provides clear guidelines for inclusion and exclusion, and is an objective measure regarding the patients' urgency for referral to the MITT. Follow-up of the MIITSI within a broader, longer-term project will attempt to further refine the MITTSI and to further determine its validity. Outcomes will be published at a later stage.
How are Psychotic Symptoms Perceived? A Comparison between Patients, Relatives and the General Public
Authors: Chung K. F. , Chen Eric Y.H. , Lam Linda C.W. , Chen Ronald Y.L. , Chan Charlotte K.Y. 
Published: January 2008

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare patients with schizophrenia with their relatives and the general public in their attitudes towards schizophrenic psychotic symptoms. Method: We used a case vignette depicting a person with typical schizophrenic psychotic symptoms and compared the attitudes of 44 inpatients and 47 outpatients with schizophrenia, 48 of their relatives and 43 members of the general public. We also compared the attitudes of patients with schizophrenia to their own symptoms and the symptoms described in the vignette. Results: Subjects from the general public tended not to recognise psychotic symptoms as features of mental illness and tended not to consider drug treatment and hospitalisation as required. Sex, education level as well as previous contact with the mentally ill were found to be significant determinants of attitude. The levels of symptom awareness in patients with schizophrenia and their relatives are higher but still relatively low. In addition, we found that patients with schizophrenia who correctly appraised psychotic symptoms in another person were also aware of their own mental symptoms and need of treatment. Conclusions: The level of recognition of psychotic symptoms and awareness of a need for treatment are low in the general public, as well as in patients with schizophrenia and their relatives. These findings are discussed in relation to the assessment of insight in patients and a need for psycho educational programs for each group.
Continuing the Debate on a Separate Adolescent Psychiatry
Authors: Birleson Peter , Luk Ernest S.L. 
Published: January 2008

Objective: This paper continues the debate, started by George Patton, that a separate adolescent psychiatry is required since many psychotic illnesses begin in late adolescence, and adolescent mental health needs have not been well met by child or adult psychiatry. Method: Epidemiological studies are used to illustrate that there are many continuities, as well as discontinuities, in the natural history of psychiatric disorders throughout the life cycle. The paper comments on rational service planning, which requires data on the outcomes of different treatment approaches. It goes on to explore the implications of a separate adolescent psychiatry for service delivery, including how current service boundaries and the training of psychiatrists might need to change. Results and Conclusions: An argument is mounted that psychiatrists should take a whole life perspective, rather than further fragment the specialty. In most Australian States, recent reviews of child and adolescent mental health services are likely to result in increased funding for services to adolescents. Adult psychiatry needs to attend more to the requirements of older adolescents, and greater collaboration is recommended between psychiatry services for children and adults. The authors argue for diversity of approaches, and consider that moves towards separate adolescent mental health services may not always be appropriate.
Predicting Intentions to Seek Help from Professional Mental Health Services
Authors: Bayer Jordana K. , Peay Marilyn Y. 
Published: January 2008

Objective: This study investigates the factors related to the intention to seek professional help for psychological problems utilising Ajzen and Fishbein's theory of reasoned action [1,2]. Many of the variables identified in previous studies can be subsumed within this theory, which emphasises the importance of the subjective point of view of the individual. Method: One hundred and forty-two patients waiting for consultations at a community based general practice completed a questionnaire designed to assess the components of this theory as they relate to seeking help from mental health professionals. Results: The results of this study supported the prediction of the intention to seek help from a mental health professional from the variables ‘attitude toward the behaviour’ and ‘subjective norm’. However, personal attitudes toward seeking help were found to be more important than the approval or disapproval of significant others in predicting help-seeking intentions. Conclusions: Overall, the findings indicate that a significant factor influencing people's decisions to utilise professional mental health services in Australia may be the belief that mental health professionals are not actually able to provide a great deal of help or support for people's difficulties.
Eosinophilia after Commencement of Clozapine Treatment
Authors: Chatterton Ray 
Published: January 2008

Objective: While clozapine-associated agranulocytosis has received extensive attention, a number of recent publications have identified that the incidence of eosinophilia may also be of concern. This retrospective review identifies the incidence of eosinophilia within a group of people commencing clozapine at a large hospital in Australia. Method: The pathology reports of all people (n = 160) who commenced clozapine within a 3.5–year period were retrospectively reviewed for incidences of eosinophilia. Results: The incidence of eosinophilia was identified as 13%, comprising 17 males and four females. All cases of eosinophilia developed within 4 weeks of commencing clozapine. One male reached a peak eosinophil level of 9 × 109/L, which resolved after clozapine was withdrawn. In all other cases, the eosinophilia resolved without intervention. Conclusions: With a rate of eosinophilia at 13% in this population under review, and given that there have been reports of 25 cases of eosinophilic cardiomyopothy resulting in four deaths worldwide, clinicians should be alert to the incidence and sequelae of eosinophilia in people receiving clozapine treatment.