bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AM‐MulFSNet: A fast semantic segmentation network combining attention mechanism and multi‐branch
Authors: Jiang Rui , Chen Runa , Zhang Li , Wang Xiaoming , Xu Youyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn order to balance accuracy and real‐time performance in semantic segmentation, this paper proposes a real‐time semantic segmentation algorithm model based on attention mechanism and multi‐branch feature fusion using Fast convolutional neural network model (Fast‐SCNN). In this method, the spatial detail feature enhancement branch is introduced to enhance spatial detail features firstly. Then, through rational design of fusion module, the feature information of each branch is optimized to achieve better fusion of deep and shallow features. At the end of the feature fusion module, an adaptive feature enhancement focus module is introduced to capture the interdependence between remote pixels. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 71.55% segmentation accuracy on Cityscapes dataset, the reasoning speed FPS is 97.6 frames/s, and the number of parameters is 1.39 M, which verifies the effectiveness of the network model constructed by the algorithm. Code is available at https://github.com/ccchhheeennn/model.
Highly luminous supernovae associated with gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Kann D. A. , Rossi A. , Oates S. R. , Klose S. , Blazek M. , Agüí Fernández J. F. , de Ugarte Postigo A. , Thöne C. C. , Schulze S. 
Published: February 2024

Context. The supernovae (SNe) associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are generally seen as a homogeneous population, but at least one exception exists: the highly luminous SN 2011kl associated with the ultra-long GRB 111209A. Such outliers may also exist for more typical GRBs.
Aims. Within the context of a systematic analysis of photometric signatures of GRB-associated SNe, we found an anomalous bump in the late-time transient following GRB 140506A at redshift z = 0.889. We hereby aim to show this bump is significantly more luminous and blue than usual SNe following GRBs.
Methods. We compiled all available data from the literature and added a full analysis of the Swift/UVOT data, which allowed us to trace the light curve from the first minutes all the way to the host galaxy and to construct a broad spectral energy distribution (SED) of the afterglow that extends the previous SED analysis based on ground-based spectroscopy.
Results. We find robust evidence of a late-time bump following the afterglow that shows evidence of a strong color change, with the spectral slope becoming flatter in the blue region of the spectrum. This bump can be interpreted as a luminous SN bump that is spectrally dissimilar to typical GRB-SNe. Correcting it for the large line-of-sight extinction makes the SN associated with GRB 140506A the most luminous detected so far. Even so, it would be in agreement with a luminosity-duration relation of GRB-SNe.
Conclusions. While not supported by spectroscopic evidence, it is likely the bump following GRB 140506A is the signature of an SN that is spectrally dissimilar to classical GRB-SNe and more similar to SN 2011kl – while being associated with an average GRB, indicating the GRB-SN population is more diverse than previously thought and can reach luminosities comparable to those of superluminous SNe.
Investigating the dark matter halo of NGC 5128 using a discrete dynamical model
Authors: Dumont Antoine , Seth Anil C. , Strader Jay , Sand David J. , Voggel Karina , Hughes Allison K. , Crnojević Denija , Forbes Duncan A. , Mateo Mario , Pearson Sarah 
Published: February 2024

Context. As the nearest accessible massive early-type galaxy, NGC 5128 presents an exceptional opportunity to measure dark matter halo parameters for a representative elliptical galaxy.
Aims. Here we take advantage of rich new observational datasets of large-radius tracers to perform dynamical modeling of NGC 5128
Methods. We used a discrete axisymmetric anisotropic Jeans approach with a total tracer population of nearly 1800 planetary nebulae, globular clusters, and dwarf satellite galaxies extending to a projected distance of ∼250 kpc from the galaxy center to model the dynamics of NGC 5128.
Results. We find that a standard Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) halo provides an excellent fit to nearly all the data, except for a subset of the planetary nebulae that appear to be out of virial equilibrium. The best-fit dark matter halo has a virial mass of Mvir = 4.4−1.4+2.4 × 1012 M⊙, and NGC 5128 appears to sit below the mean stellar mass–halo mass and globular cluster mass–halo mass relations, which both predict a halo virial mass closer to Mvir ∼ 1013 M⊙. The inferred NFW virial concentration is cvir = 5.6−1.6+2.4, which is nominally lower than cvir ∼ 9 predicted from published cvir–Mvir relations, but within the ∼30% scatter found in simulations. The best-fit dark matter halo constitutes only ∼10% of the total mass at one effective radius but ∼50% at five effective radii. The derived halo parameters are consistent within the uncertainties for models with differing tracer populations, anisotropies, and inclinations.
Conclusions. Our analysis highlights the value of comprehensive dynamical modeling of nearby galaxies and the importance of using multiple tracers to allow cross-checks for model robustness.
Angular momentum and chemical transport by azimuthal magnetorotational instability in radiative stellar interiors
Authors: Meduri Domenico G. , Jouve Laurène , Lignières François 
Published: February 2024

Context. The transport of angular momentum and chemical elements within evolving stars remains poorly understood. Asteroseismic and spectroscopic observations of low-mass main sequence stars and red giants reveal that their radiative cores rotate orders of magnitude slower than classical predictions from stellar evolution models and that the abundances of their surface light elements are too small. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is considered a primary mechanism to enhance the transport in radiative stellar interiors but its efficiency is still largely uncertain.
Aims. We explore the transport of angular momentum and chemical elements due to azimuthal magnetorotational instability, one of the dominant instabilities expected in differentially rotating radiative stellar interiors.
Methods. We employed 3D MHD direct numerical simulations in a spherical shell of unstratified and stably stratified flows under the Boussinesq approximation. The background differential rotation was maintained by a volumetric body force. We examined the transport of chemical elements using a passive scalar.
Results. We provide evidence of magnetorotational instability for purely azimuthal magnetic fields in the parameter regime expected from local and global linear stability analyses. Without stratification and when the Reynolds number Re and the background azimuthal field strength are large enough, we observed dynamo action driven by the instability at values of the magnetic Prandtl number Pm in the range 0.6 − 1, which is the smallest ever reported in a global setup. When considering stable stratification at Pm = 1, the turbulence is transitional and becomes less homogeneous and isotropic upon increasing buoyancy effects. The transport of angular momentum occurs radially outward and is dominated by the Maxwell stresses when stratification is large enough. We find that the turbulent viscosity decreases when buoyancy effects strengthen and scales with the square root of the ratio of the reference rotation rate Ωa to the Brunt–Väisälä frequency N. The chemical turbulent diffusion coefficient scales with stratification similarly to the turbulent viscosity, but is lower in amplitude so that the transport of chemicals is slower than the one of angular momentum, in agreement with recent stellar evolution models of low-mass stars.
Conclusions. We show that the transport induced by azimuthal magnetorotational instability scales somewhat slowly with stratification and may enforce rigid rotations of red giant cores on a timescale of a few thousand years. In agreement with recent stellar evolution models of low-mass stars, the instability transports chemical elements less efficiently than angular momentum.
Retraction Note: Educational Marketing Tools on the Way to Costumer: Analogies with Approaches in Technical Systems Description
Authors: Artyukhova Nadiia , Artyukhov Artem , Rehak Robert , Vasylieva Tetyana 
Published: February 2024

The authors have expressed the wish to retract this article on the grounds that the list of references is incorrect.
The Publisher and Editor(s) approved to the retraction.
The Concept of Thromboinflammation
Authors: Schrottmaier Waltraud C. , Assinger Alice 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInflammation and thrombosis are intricate and closely interconnected biological processes that are not yet fully understood and lack effective targeted therapeutic approaches. Thrombosis initiated by inflammatory responses, known as immunothrombosis, can confer advantages to the host by constraining the spread of pathogens within the bloodstream. Conversely, platelets and the coagulation cascade can influence inflammatory responses through interactions with immune cells, endothelium, or complement system. These interactions can lead to a state of heightened inflammation resulting from thrombotic processes, termed as thromboinflammation. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the existing knowledge of thromboinflammation and addressing its significance as a challenging clinical issue.
State of the art: Simulation in der Ultraschallausbildung
Authors: Lucius Claudia , Koch Jonas B. H. , Jenssen Christian , Karlas Thomas , Sänger Sophie Luise , Dietrich Christoph F. 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Simulation diagnostischer und therapeutischer Prozeduren nimmt in der medizinischen Aus- und Weiterbildung einen wachsenden Stellenwert ein und ist auch für das Erlernen von Ultraschallverfahren zunehmend relevant. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit werden die verschiedenen Simulationsstufen der Ultraschallmethodik und deren technische Grundlagen beschrieben. Zudem erfolgt eine kritische Literaturanalyse mit daraus abgeleiteten Empfehlungen zur Implementierung von Simulationstechniken in die ärztliche Aus- und Weiterbildung im Bereich der Ultraschalldiagnostik. Eine Gegenüberstellung von Vor- und Nachteilen der praktischen Anwendung belegt den Nutzen von Simulationen in Ausbildungssituationen, insbesondere im Kontext individueller Lernumgebungen und pandemiebedingter Kontaktbeschränkungen. Jedoch können die Komplexität der klinischen Untersuchungssituation und die Interaktion mit realen Patienten nur unvollkommen simuliert werden. Zukünftige Anwendungen sollten daher insbesondere für das Wiederholen und Prüfen bereits erlernter Kompetenzen unter Verwendung standardisierter Feedbackmechanismen eingesetzt werden, um begrenzte Weiterbildungsressourcen effektiver zu nutzen.
Takayasu – Arteriitis nach COVID-19-Infektion bei einer 26 Jahre alten Patientin mit Morbus Crohn
Authors: Kollecker Tristan , Nistal Markus , Waltz Volker , Ehard Florian , Moellers Mark , Gundling Felix 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungExtraintestinale Manifestationen z.B. an Haut, Gelenken oder Leber finden sich bei Morbus Crohn häufig. Wir berichten über eine 26 Jahre alte Patientin mit langjährig bekanntem Morbus Crohn, die bei V.a. erneuten akuten Schub bei suggestiver Klinik und laborchemisch deutlich erhöhten Entzündungswerten stationär aufgenommen wurde. Kurze Zeit vorher war die Diagnose einer symptomatischen COVID-19-Erkrankung (SARS-CoV-2-Variante Omikron) gestellt worden. Mittels umfassender endoskopischer und bildgebender Diagnostik konnte eine aktive Crohn-Erkrankung ausgeschlossen werden. Es zeigte sich jedoch eine langstreckige entzündliche Verdickung des Aortenbogens, sodass die Diagnose einer Takayasu-Arteriitis (Typ II b) gestellt werden konnte. Unter Steroidtherapie kam es zu einer raschen und anhaltenden Besserung der klinischen Symptomatik. Das Auftreten einer Takayasu-Arteriitis ist außerhalb von Japan ausgesprochen selten. Eine Koinzidenz mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen ist beschrieben und wird als mögliche extraintestinale Manifestation diskutiert. Das Auftreten immunvermittelter Erkrankungen nach COVID-19-Erkrankungen ist beschrieben und wird möglicherweise durch die Infektion getriggert. Patienten mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen könnten möglicherweise eine besondere Risikopopulation darstellen.
Clonal Hematopoiesis and Cardiovascular Risk: Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and beyond
Authors: Izzi Benedetta , Fuster José J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcquired mutations that lead to clonal hematopoiesis have emerged as a new and potent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other cardiovascular conditions. Human sequencing studies and experiments in mouse models provide compelling evidence supporting that this condition, particularly when driven by specific mutated genes, contributes to the development of atherosclerosis by exacerbating inflammatory responses. The insights gained from these studies are paving the way for the development of new personalized preventive care strategies against cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, available evidence also suggests a potential relevance of these mutation in the context of thrombosis, an area requiring thorough investigation. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of this emerging cardiovascular risk factor, focusing on its relationship to atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
Association of short-course antimicrobial therapy and bacterial resistance in acute cholangitis: Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Masuda Sakue , Jinushi Ryuhei , Imamura Yoshinori , Kubota Jun , Kimura Karen , Shionoya Kento , Makazu Makomo , Sato Ryo , Kako Makoto , Kobayashi Masahiro , Uojima Haruki , Koizumi Kazuya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Although the number of resistant bacteria tends to increase with prolonged antimicrobial therapy, no studies have examined the relationship between the duration of antimicrobial therapy and increase in the number of resistant bacteria in acute cholangitis. We hypothesized that the short-term administration of antimicrobial agents in acute cholangitis would suppress bacterial resistance.
Patients and methods This was a single-center, retrospective,
observational study of patients with acute cholangitis admitted between January 2018 and June
2020 who met the following criteria: successful biliary drainage, positive blood or bile
cultures, bacteria identified from cultures sensitive to antimicrobials, and subsequent
cholangitis recurrence by January 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: those whose
causative organisms at the time of recurrence became resistant to the antimicrobial agents
used at the time of initial admission (resistant group) and those who remained susceptible
(susceptible group). Multivariate analysis was used to examine risk factors associated with
the development of resistant pathogens. Multivariate analysis investigated antibiotics used
with the length of 3 days or shorter after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
(ERCP) and previously reported risk factors for the development of bacterial
resistance.
Results In total, 89 eligible patients were included in this study. There were no significant differences in patient background or ERCP findings between the groups. The use of antibiotics, completed within 3 days after ERCP, was associated with a lower risk of developing bacterial resistance (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.65; P=0.01).
Conclusions In acute cholangitis, the administration of antimicrobials within 3 days of ERCP may suppress the development of resistant bacteria.
Technik und Studienlage der laparoskopischen Gastrektomie bei Magenkarzinom
Authors: Ludwig Kaja , Scharlau Uwe , Schneider-Koriath Sylke 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Arbeit war es, die Technik einer laparoskopischen Gastrektomie bei Magenkarzinom darzustellen sowie in einem Review die aktuelle internationale Studienlage zu diesem Thema zusammenzufassen.Im 1. Teil wird eine laparoskopische Standardgastrektomie bei Karzinom beschrieben und dokumentiert. Im 2. Teil werden nach einer EMBASE- und PubMed-Suche aus primär 3042 Treffern durch systematisches Eingrenzen insgesamt 123 qualitätsrelevante randomisierte (RCT) und nicht randomisierte (non-RCT) Studien zur laparoskopischen Gastrektomie identifiziert. Danach werden die Studienergebnisse konklusiv für die Zielkriterien Durchführbarkeit, Outcome, onkologische Qualität sowie Morbidität und Mortalität zusammengefasst.Sowohl die laparoskopisch subtotale Resektion bei distalen Magenkarzinomen wie auch die laparoskopische Gastrektomie sind inzwischen sicher und komplikationsarm durchführbar. In einem aktuellen Literaturreview über insgesamt 15 RCT mit 5576 Patienten (laparoskopisch 2793 vs. offen 2756) ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede in Bezug auf Durchführbarkeit, intraoperatives Outcome und onkologische Qualität (R0-Status und Lymphknotenausbeute). Die chirurgische Morbidität und Mortalität waren vergleichbar. Patienten nach laparoskopischer Operation zeigten eine signifikant schnellere frühpostoperative Erholung mit einer geringeren Gesamtmorbidität. Im Gegensatz dazu war die Operationszeit im Vergleich zur offenen Technik um durchschnittlich 45 min signifikant verlängert. Die Vorteile der laparoskopischen Technik bildeten sich in Studien zum Magenfrühkarzinom und bei fortgeschrittenen Karzinomen (>T2) gleichermaßen ab.Die laparoskopische Gastrektomie bei Magenkarzinom ist sicher durchführbar und zeigt eine bessere frühpostoperative Erholung. Komplikationsraten, Morbidität und Mortalität sowie onkologische Langzeitergebnisse sind mit der offenen Chirurgie vergleichbar.
Prothetische Versorgungskonzepte nach Majoramputation der oberen
Extremität – eine Übersicht gegenwärtiger Möglichkeiten
Authors: Harnoncourt Leopold , Gstoettner Clemens , Laengle Gregor , Boesendorfer Anna , Aszmann Oskar 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die obere Extremität und insbesondere die Hand sind für die
Interaktion des Menschen mit seiner Umwelt von entscheidender Bedeutung –
schwere Verletzungen oder Amputationen gehen daher mit einem erheblichen
Funktionsverlust einher und beeinträchtigen die Lebensqualität der Patienten
sehr. Wenn biologische Rekonstruktionsversuche nicht zu einem ausreichenden
Erfolg führen oder nicht möglich sind, kommt der bionischen Rekonstruktion eine
Schlüsselrolle in der Versorgung dieser Patienten zu. Konventionelle
myoelektrische Prothesen werden über zwei Signale gesteuert, die über
Oberflächenelektroden im Bereich der Stumpfmuskulatur abgeleitet werden.
Insbesondere bei hohen Amputationen ist die Prothesensteuerung dann nur sehr
eingeschränkt und umständlich möglich. Die Operationsmethode der Targeted Muscle
Reinnervation (TMR) bietet hier einen innovativen Lösungsansatz: Die großen
Armnerven, die durch Amputation ihre Zielorgane verloren haben, werden auf neue
Zielmuskeln im Bereich des Amputationsstumpfes transferiert. Dadurch können
kognitive Steuersignale etabliert werden, welche eine deutlich verbesserte
Prothesensteuerung ermöglichen.
Patienten/Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine selektive
Literaturrecherche zum Thema TMR und bionische Rekonstruktion mit Aufarbeitung
und Diskussion relevanter Arbeiten, unter Berücksichtigung der klinischen
Erfahrungen unserer Forschungsgruppe. Zusätzlich wird ein klinischer
Patientenfall vorgestellt.
Ergebnisse Die bionische Rekonstruktion in Kombination mit TMR ermöglicht
eine intuitive Prothesensteuerung mit simultaner Bewegung verschiedener
prothetischer Freiheitsgrade und bietet zudem einen neuen Ansatz in der Therapie
von Neurom- und Phantomschmerzen. Langfristiger Erfolg erfordert ein hohes Maß
an Patientencompliance und intensives Signaltraining während der prothetischen
Rehabilitationsphase. Trotz technologischer Fortschritte bestehen weiterhin
Herausforderungen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Signalüberleitung und der
sensiblen Integration bionischer Prothesen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Operationstechnik der TMR stellt einen bedeutenden
Fortschritt der prothetischen Versorgung von Amputierten dar. Durch selektive
Nerventransfers zur Signalmultiplikation und -amplifikation ermöglicht sie, das
Potential myoelektrischer Prothesen weiter auszuschöpfen und die Therapie dieser
speziellen Patientengruppe zu verbessern. Entwicklungen im Bereich der externen
Prothesenkomponenten, Verbesserungen der skelettalen Anbindung durch
Osseointegration und flüssigere Signalübertragung durch drahtlose, vollständig
implantierte Elektrodensysteme werden sowohl hinsichtlich der
Bewegungspräzision, als auch des Embodiments deutliche Fortschritte in der
bionischen Rekonstruktion ermöglichen.
Prevalence of Poor Sleep Quality and its Association with Lifestyle Habits, Competition-Based Activities, and Psychological Distress in Japanese Student-Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Monma Takafumi , Yamashita Kazuki , Yoshida Goichiro , Fujita Eiji , Miyazawa Taiki , Ebine Naoyuki , Matsukura Keita , Takeda Satoko , Matamura Misato , Yamane Maki , Ando Kayoko , Omi Naomi , Sagayama Hiroyuki , Takeda Fumi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives The present study clarified the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its relation to lifestyle habits, competitive-based activities, and psychological distress among Japanese student-athletes in the initial pandemic period (2020) and 1 year later (2021).
Methods In the present study, student-athletes were defined as individuals belonging to university athletic clubs. The data of two cross-sectional surveys (2020: n = 961 and 2021: n = 711) were collected from student-athletes in 6 universities in Japan. First, the prevalence of poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index score > 5) was investigated. Relationships between poor sleep quality and lifestyle habits, competition-based activities, and psychological distress were then explored using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.
Results The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 33.6% in 2020 and 36.6% in 2021. Poor sleep quality in 2020 was related to late bedtime, taking supplements before bed, part-time job (no late night), stressors of expectations and pressure from others, and psychological distress, whereas that in 2021 was related to early wake-up time, skipping breakfast, taking caffeinated drinks before bed, use of smartphone/cellphone after lights out, stressors of motivation loss, and psychological distress.
Conclusions In both 2020 and 2021, one-third of student-athletes had poor sleep quality and psychological distress was its common risk factor. Lifestyle habits and competition stressors associated with poor sleep quality were pandemic-specific in 2020, but similar to the prepandemic period in 2021.
Perioperative Challenges in Airway and Ventilatory Management of a Neurosurgical Patient with Klippel–Feil Syndrome
Authors: Lakshminarasimhaiah Geetha , Niranjan Akshita , Shivakumar Sonika 
Published: February 2024

AbstractKlippel–Feil syndrome, a rare congenital anomaly, has a classical triad of low posterior hairline, short neck, and restriction of neck movements. Complex airway anatomy increases the risk of neurological damage while handling the airway during positioning and laryngoscopy. We address the possible anesthetic challenges that one might face in these patients, such as difficult airway, difficult weaning from the ventilator with increased chances of reintubation, prolonged intensive care and mechanical ventilation, and difficult tracheostomy. Every anesthesiologist must be aware of the available options in the management of a difficult airway in emergent circumstances. Despite the numerous encounters, we were able to effectively manage a case of Klippel–Feil syndrome perioperatively.