bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The identification of rofA, a positive‐acting regulatory component of prtF expression: use of an mγδ‐based shuttle mutagenesis strategy in Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Fogg George C. , Gibson Carmela M. , Caparon Michael G. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryBinding of the Gram‐positive pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) to respiratory epithelium is mediated by the fibronectinbinding adhesin, protein F. Most strains of streptococci regulate the expression of protein F in response to oxygen levels and redox potential; however, JRS4 constitutively binds high levels of fibronectin under all environmental conditions. In this study, we have examined the regulation of protein F expression in JRS4 using a shuttle mutagenesis strategy novel to S. pyogenes. Cloned DNA representing the chromosomal loci adjacent to the gene which encodes protein F (prtF) was subjected to transposon mutagenesis in Escherichia coli using a derivative of transposon mγδ that was modified to contain a streptococcal antibiotic‐resistance gene. Mutagenized DNA was then returned to the streptococcal chromosome by allelic replacement. Analysis of the resulting fibronectinbinding phenotypes revealed that insertions in a region upstream of prtF abolished the constitutive phenotype. However, these mutants now demonstrated regulation in response to both oxygen levels and redox potential. Because these insertions define a locus responsible for the constitutive phenotype, it has been designated rofA (regulator ofF). Chromosomal interruption studies using integrationat plasmids together with complementation data from a previous study (VanHeyningen etal., 1993) suggested that rofA acts as a positive trans‐acting regulator of prtF. Construction of prtF‐lacZ fusions indicated that transcription of prtF is constitutive in JRS4 but is regulated in rofA mutants. Analysis of the DNA sequence defined by the rofA insertions revealed a 1495bp open reading frame, whose predicted product (RofA) possessed both a putative helix‐turn‐helix motif and limited homology to two other transcriptional activators (Mry, PrgR) of Gram‐positive surface proteins. Sequences homologous to rofA were found in regulated strains of 5. pyogenes, which suggests that rofA may act as an activator of prtF in response to an unidentified environmental signal. We speculate that the allele reported here contains a mutation that renders it constitutively active.
Cloning and characterization of a gene for a 19kDa fibrinogen‐binding protein from Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Bodén Maria K. , Flock Jan‐Ingmar 
Published: October 2006

Summary Staphylococcus aureus has been shown to interact specifically with fibrinogen. Three different extracellular fibrinogen‐binding proteins, two of which have coagulase activity, are produced by S. aureus strain Newman. The role of these fibrinogen‐binding proteins during staphylococcal colonization and infection has not yet been fully elucidated. Here we describe the cloning, sequencing and expression of a gene for a 19kDa fibrinogen‐binding protein. This gene, called fib, encodes a 165‐amino‐acid polypeptide, including a 29‐amino‐acid signal sequence. The recombinant protein, which has an estimated molecular mass of 15.9kDa, bound fibrinogen and was recognized by a polyclonal antiserum against the native Fib protein. Homologies between the Fib protein and the fibrinogen‐binding domain of coagulase suggest that amino acids within this domain are involved in the binding to fibrinogen.
IS231A insertion specificity: consensus sequence and DNA bending at the target site
Authors: Hallet Bernard , Rezsöhazy René , Mahilton Jacques , Delcour Jean 
Published: October 2006

SummaryIn its natural host, Bacillus thuringiensis, the insertion sequence IS231A is preferentially inserted into the terminal inverted repeats of the transposon Tn4430. Using a novel transposition assay, we demonstrate that the Tn4430 ends behave as insertion hot spots for IS231A in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis reveals that IS231A insertion sites match the 5′‐GGG(N)5CCC‐3′consensus. However, this consensus is not the only determinant of IS231A insertion specificity. Although both Tn4430 ends have identical sequences, one is strongly preferred to the other and the orientation of insertion into this end is not random. We demonstrate that this preference is determined by the flanking regions of the site. These regions display a conserved periodic organization of their sequence which, by conferring anisotropic flexibility, would induce the DNA to bend in a roughly ‘S’ ‐shaped structure centred on the target consensus. DNA conformation analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indeed shows that the preferred target site of IS231A is flanked by DNA segments curved in opposite directions. We present a model in which DNA bendability and curvature would contribute to the positioning of IS231A transposase on the target DNA.
Cleavage of trehalose‐phosphate in Bacillus subtilis is catalysed by a Phospho‐α‐(1–1)‐glucosidase encoded by the treA gene
Authors: Helfert Christine , Gotsche Susann , Dahl Michael K. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryA 2.5 kb DNA fragment contain a gene encoding a phospho‐α‐(1–1)‐glucosidase (phosphotrehalase), designated treA, was isolated from a Bacillus subtilis chromosomal library by complementation of the tre‐12 mutation. The major TreA activity was found in the cytoplasm. TreA exhibits high sequence similarity to thermostable oligo 1,6 β‐glucosidases of several species and the trehalose‐6‐phosphate hydrolase TreC of Escherichia coli. TreA activity is induced by trehalose and repressed by glucose, fructose or mannitol. Induction by trehalose and repression by glucose are concentration dependent. The highest activity of TreA occurs 90min before the end of the exponential growth phase in crude cell extracts. The enzyme is able to cleave para‐nitrophenyl‐glucopyranoside and trehalose‐6‐phosphate but not trehalose. These results indicate that treA encodes a specific phospho‐α‐(1–1)‐giucosidase which cleaves trehalose‐6‐phosphate in the cytoplasm after transport and phosphorylation of trehalose. The 5′ flanking region of treA contains an open reading frame which was partially sequenced, whose product shows about 40% identity to sucrose Enzyme II of the phospho‐transferase transport system from several organisms.
Variable style of transition between Palaeogene fluvial fan and lacustrine systems, southern Pyrenean foreland, NE Spain
Authors: SÁEZ ALBERTO , ANADÓN PERE , HERRERO MARÍA J. , MOSCARIELLO ANDREA 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo Palaeogene fluvial fan systems linked to the south‐Pyrenean margin are recognized in the eastern Ebro Basin: the Cardona–Súria and Solsona–Sanaüja fans. These had radii of 40 and 35 km and were 800 and 600 km2 in area respectively. During the Priabonian to the Middle Rupelian, the fluvial fans built into a hydrologically closed foreland basin, and shallow lacustrine systems persisted in the basin centre. In the studied area, both fans are part of the same upward‐coarsening megasequence (up to 800 m thick), driven by hinterland drainage expansion and foreland propagation of Pyrenean thrusts. Fourteen sedimentary facies have been grouped into seven facies associations corresponding to medial fluvial fan, channelized terminal lobe, non‐channelized terminal lobe, mudflat, deltaic, evaporitic playa‐lake and carbonate‐rich, shallow lacustrine environments. Lateral correlations define two styles of alluvial‐lacustrine transition. During low lake‐level stages, terminal lobes developed, whereas during lake highstands, fluvial‐dominated deltas and interdistributary bays were formed. Terminal lobe deposits are characterized by extensive (100–600 m wide) sheet‐like fine sandstone beds formed by sub‐aqueous, quasi‐steady, hyperpycnal turbidity currents. Sedimentary structures and trace fossils indicate rapid desiccation and sub‐aerial exposure of the lobe deposits. These deposits are arranged in coarsening–fining sequences (metres to tens of metres in thickness) controlled by a combination of tectonics, climatic oscillations and autocyclic sedimentary processes. The presence of anomalously deeply incised distributary channels associated with distal terminal lobe or mudflat deposits indicates rapid lake‐level falls. Deltaic deposits form progradational coarsening‐upward sequences (several metres thick) characterized by channel and friction‐dominated mouth‐bar facies overlying white‐grey offshore lacustrine facies. Deltaic bar deposits are less extensive (50–300 m wide) than the terminal lobes and were also deposited by hyperpycnal currents, although they lack evidence of emergence. Sandy deltaic deposits accumulated locally at the mouths of main feeder distal fan streams and were separated by muddy interdistributary bays; whereas the terminal lobe sheets expand from a series of mid‐fan intersection points and coalesced to form a more continuous sandy fan fringe.
The Significance of the Patient in the Training of Analysts: Observations on Harold Stone's Paper
Authors: MARSHAK MILDRED D. 
Published: October 2006

For purposes of comparison the basic requirements of the London Society of Analytical Psychology are listed below:

A candidate may apply for training after 350 hours' analysis covering a period of three years. This analysis continues during training.
Once training starts the candidate is required to analyse two patients provided by the C. G. Jung Clinic, to which payments are made. The patients are analysed under supervision. The supervisor is not the candidate's analyst. The candidate is required to attend supervision once a week.
Seminars are held twice a week for three terms of ten weeks, each year.
There has been no obligation to submit or read to the Society either a case report or a theoretical discussion.
After two years' training the candidate may apply for membership of the Society and is accepted or rejected by a Professional Committee to whom the analyst, supervisor, and seminar leaders report.

Editor]
Book Reviews
Authors: Williams Mary 
Published: October 2006

Joseph Campbell: Creative mythologyEleanor Bertine: Jung's contribution to our timeMichael Balint: The basic faultHeinrich Racker: Transference and counter‐transferenceDavid Bakan: Disease, pain and sacrificeAsenath Petrie: Individuality in pain and sufferingBruno Bettelheim: The empty fortress: infantile autism and the birth of the selfPaul Roazen: Freud: political and social thoughtJoel Allison, S. J. Blatt and C. N. Zimet: The interpretation of psychological testsCharles Rycroft: Anxiety and neurosisAnthony Storr: Human aggressionMichael Courtenay: Sexual discord in marriageJolande Jacobi. Frauenprobleme, EheproblemeJ. M. Heaton: The Eye; phenomenology and psychology of function and disorder
Book Reviews
Authors: Welch Mary 
Published: October 2006

C. G. Jung: The spirit in man, art and literatureElizabeth R. Zetzel: The capacity for emotional growthCharles Hanly and Morris Lazerowitz (Eds.), Psychoanalysis and philosophyAniela Jaffé: The myth of meaningJune K. Singer, The unholy Bible: a psychological interpretation of William BlakeJanet Mattinson. Marriage and mental handicapAlfred Friedman. Therapy with families of sexually acting out girlsWilliam M. Easson. The severely disturbed adolescent
Book Reviews
Authors: Welch Mary 
Published: October 2006

Joseph B. Wheelwright (Ed): The analytic process: aims, analysis, trainingA. Alvarez: The savage godBernard Aaronson and Humphrey Osmond (Eds.): Psychedelics: the uses and implications of hallucinogenic drugsErnst Bernhard: MitobiografiaBarbara Hannah: Striving towards wholenessCraig R. Eisendraht: The unifying moment: the psychological philosophy of William James and Alfred North Whitehead
Reviews
Authors: Lambert Kenneth 
Published: October 2006

Brome, Vincent. Jung: man and mythHill, G., Detloff, V., Kirsch, T., McGuire, W. and Stewart, L. (Eds.). The Shaman from ElkoMattoon, Mary Ann. Applied dream analysis: a Jungian approachSandner, Donald. Navaho symbols of healingMalan, D. H. Individual psychotherapy and the science of psychodynamicsBrown, D. and Pedder, J. Introduction to psychotherapy: an outline of psychodynamic principles and practice
Reviews
Authors: Peterson Corinna 
Published: October 2006

Hall, J. A. Clinical Uses of Dreams: Jungian Interpretations and EnactmentsPontalis, J. B. Frontiers in Psychoanalysis—Between the Dream and Psychic PainHurwitz, S. Lilith—die erste Eva. Eine Studie über dunkle Aspekte des WeiblicbenKwawer, J. S.; Lerner, N. D.; Lernek, P. M.; Sugarman, A. (Eds). Borderline Phenomena and the Rorschach TestLomas, Peter. The Case for a Personal PsychotherapyMastekson, J. F.; Costeixo, J. L. From Borderline Adolescent to Functioning AdultFarrell, B. A. The Standing of PsychoanalysisSherwood, Rae. The Psychodynamics of RaceFrederic, H.; Malinsky, M. MartinSzasz, T. Sex by Prescription
Reviews
Authors: Peterson Corinna 
Published: October 2006

Masterson, J. F. The Narcissistic and Borderline DisordersTustin, F. (Ed.). Austistic States in ChildrenMiller, David L. The New Polytheism: Rebirth of the Gods and GoddessesShaffer, H.; Burglass, M. E. (Eds). Classic Contributions in AddictionsSchneiderman, L. The Psychology of Myth, Folklore, and ReligionOlney, James. The Rhizome and the Flower. The Perennial Philosophy—Yeats and JungBickman, Martin. The Unsounded Centre: Jungian Studies in American Romanticism
Reviews
Authors: Samuels Andrew 
Published: October 2006

Henderson, Joseph L. Cultural Attitudes in Psychological PerspectiveCarotenuto, Aldo. The Vertical Labyrinth: Individuation in Jungian PsychologyKugelmann, Robert. The Windows of Soul: Psychological Physiology of the Human Eye and Primary GlaucomaDryden, Windy (ed.). Individual Therapy in BritainWelch, John. Spiritual Pilgrims: Carl Jung and Teresa of AvilaTomlin, E. W. F. Psyche, Culture and the New Science: The Role of PN
Reviews
Authors: Samuels Andrew 
Published: October 2006

Meier, C. A. The Unconscious in its Empirical ManifestationsDieckmann, H. Methoden der Analytischen Psychologic: Eine EinfuhrungDeri, Susan K. Symbolisation and CreativityBradford, David Terry. The Experience of God: Portraits in the Phenomenological Psychopathology of SchizophreniaBernstein, Anne and Marmar Warner, Gloria. Women Treating Women—Case Material From Women Treated by Female PsychoanalystsWhitaker, Dorothy Stock. Using Groups to Help People
Reviews
Authors: Samuels Andrew 
Published: October 2006

Stein, Murray. Jung's Treatment of Christianity: The Psychotherapy of a Religious TraditionRycroft, Charles. Psychoanalysis and BeyondChasseguet‐Smirgel, Janine. The Ego Ideal: A Psychoanalytic Essay on the Malady of the IdealRothstein, Arnold. The Narcissistic Pursuit of Perfection
Reviews
Authors: Samuels Andrew 
Published: October 2006

Jacoby, Mario. Longing for Paradise. Psychological Perspectives on an ArchetypeSamuels, Andrew (Ed.). The Father: Contemporary Jungian PerspectivesWheelwright, J. H. For Women Growing Older‐the AnimusFrustration/Gratification. Rivista di Psicologia AnaliticaIzutsu, Toshihiko. The Interior and Exterior in Zen Buddhism
Reviews
Authors: Samuels Andrew 
Published: October 2006

Sámuels, A., Shorter, B., Plaut, A. A Critical Dictionary of Jungian AnalysisJacoby, M. Individuation und Narzissmus. Psychologie des Selbst bei C. G. Jung und H. KohutBührmann, M. Vera. Living in Two Worlds: Communications between a White Healer and her Black CounterpartsMasterson, James F. The Real Self: A Development Self, and Object Relations Approach
Journal Reviews
Authors: Wharton Barbara 
Published: October 2006

Astor, James and Pawson, Michael. (London.) ‘The value of psychometric testing in the investigation of infertility.’Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and GynaecologyBlack, D. (London). ‘Some thoughts on the future of analytical psychology, or the exclamation‐mark of Dr Schwartz‐Salant.’HarvestCasement, A. (London). ‘Psychoanalysis may work, but what is it?’The EconomistDe Koning, A. (Tilburg). ‘Reflections on the heart’ in The Changing Reality of Modern ManGhadiali, H. N. (Stafford). ‘The process of scapegoating.’The Midland Journal of PsychotherapyHillman, J. (Dallas). Egalitarian Typologies versus the Perception of the UniqueHillman, J. (Thompson, Connecticut), Kugler, P. (Buffalo, New York). ‘The autonomous psyche. A communication to Goodheart from the bi‐personal field of Paul Kugler and James Hillman.’SpringHubback, J. (London). ‘Body language and the self: the search for psychic truth.’ChironRothenberg, R. E. (Pacific Palisades). ‘Psychic wounds and body scars.’SpringRyce‐Menuhin, J. (London). ‘A sonata in the sand.’HarvestZahner‐Roloff, L. (Chicago). ‘The therapies of performance: The Dionysian, Hermetic and Apollonian archetypes of poetry therapy.’Psychotherapeia and Psychiatry in Practice
Reviews
Authors: Wharton Barbara 
Published: October 2006

Zoja, Luigi and Hinshaw, Peter (eds) The Differing Uses of Symbolic and Clinical Approaches in Practice and TheoryDieckmann, Hans. Twice‐Told Tales: The Psychological Use of Fairy TalesKohon, G. (ed.) The British School of Psychoanalysis: The Independent TraditionTustin, Frances. Autistic Barriers in Neurotic PatientsWinnicott, D. W. Home is Where We Start FromHall, JamesA. The Jungian Experience: Analysis and Individuation
Book Reviews
Authors: Wharton Barbara 
Published: October 2006

Samuels, A. The Plural Psyche. Personality, Morality and the FatherSegaller, S., Berger, M. Jung, The Wisdom of the DreamStork, Anthony. FreudHaynal, Andre. The Technique at Issue. Controversies in Psychoanalysis from Freud and Ferenczi to Michael BalintBrähler, E. (Ed.) Body Experience. The Subjective Dimension of Psyche and Soma
Book Reviews
Authors: Wharton Barbara 
Published: October 2006

Schwartz‐Salant, N. & Stein, M. (Eds.). The Borderline Personality in AnalysisFabricus, Johannes. Shakespeare's Hidden World: A Study of his UnconsciousWolstein, B. (Ed.) Essential Papers on Counts‐transferenceMcdougall, Joyce and Lebovici, Serge. Dialogue with Sammy: A Psychoanalytical Contribution to the Understanding of Child Psychosis
Book Reviews
Authors: Perry Christopher , Jalbert Ronald 
Published: October 2006

Meckel, D. J. and Moore, R. L. (eds). Self and Liberation: The Jung/Buddhism DialogueLangs, Robert. Science, Systems and PsychoanalysisAlvarez, A. Live Company: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy with Autistic, Borderline, Deprived and Abused ChildrenTatham, P. The Makings of Maleness: Men, Women, and the Flight of Daedalus.Jack, D. C. Silencing the SelfWright, K. Vision and Separation: Between Mother and BabyRyce Menuhin, J. Jungian Sandplay: The Wonderful Therapy
THE USE OF OVERGENERALIZATION AND TRANSFER LEARNING STRATEGIES BY ELEMENTARY AND INTERMEDIATE STUDENTS OF ESL1
Authors: Taylor Barry P. 
Published: October 2006

An orally administered test requiring the written English translation of eighty Spanish sentences was administered to twenty native Spanish speaking students of English as a second language at the elementary and intermediate levels.A taxonomy of twenty error types was designed to analyze the errors in the Auxiliary (Aux) and Verb Phrase (VP) of the translations. The error types were categorized into errors of overgeneralization, transfer, translation, indeterminate origin, and errors not considered.The results indicated that the errors made by the elementary and intermediate students were not qualitatively different. However, the subjects' reliance on the stategies of overgeneralization and transfer was found to be qualitatively different. The elementary subjects' reliance on the transfer strategy was found to be significantly higher than that of the intermediate subjects; the intermediate subjects' reliance on the overgeneralization stategy was found to be significantly higher than that of the elementary subjects.These findings appear to be consistent with a theory which considers second language acquisition to be an actively creative process dependent upon a student's ability to assimilate and subsume new information into already existing cognitive structures. The overgeneralization and transfer learning strategies appear to be two distinctly different linguistic manifestations of one psychological process: reliance on prior learning to facilitate new learning. The results also tend to confirm the weakness of a transfer‐based theory of errors and require an explanation which takes into account not only interference from within the target language inself, but also the learner's cognitive characteristics and his resulting learning strategies.
A DESCRIPTIVE MODEL OF DISCOURSE IN THE CORRECTIVE TREATMENT OF LEARNERS' ERRORS1
Authors: Chaudron Craig 
Published: October 2006

The reaction of the target language speaker to the L2 learner's errors may play an important role in developing awareness of norms of correctness. Corrective feedback functions in different ways to guide the learner towards preferred performance. Based on the corrective portions of classroom interaction in French immersion classes, a model for this kind of discourse has been developed. Different types and features of correcting acts combine into a structural model that can describe actual corrective interactions for a given error or set of errors.Use of the model in description helps isolate ambiguities; it highlights special features of corrective interaction that are likely to be more effective in eliciting correct performance. The example of various types of “repetitions”, or “response modeling”, is taken to show which types appear to lead to more successful correction.The model may be of use to both teachers and students in learning to identify corrective techniques and to be sensitive to the function of various kinds of feedback.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION INDEX OF DEVELOPMENT1
Authors: Larsen‐Freeman Diane , Strom Virginia 
Published: October 2006

Second language (L2) acquisition researchers have acknowledged the need for an index of development (Hakuta 1975), comparable to the MLU (Mean Length of Utterance) of first language acquisition research, with which L2 researchers could compare populations with similar target language proficiencies. In an attempt to delineate a L2 index of development, 48 compositions written by non‐native speakers of English were examined. On an impressionistic basis two researchers independently assigned each composition to one of five levels of proficiency. The compositions at each proficiency level were then analyzed in order to identify the features that made each level unique. The features considered included: writing mechanics, clarity, organization, grammar, lexical choice, number of words, number of T‐units (Hunt 1965), average length of T‐units, number of error‐free T‐units, sentence construction, and content. The measures which seemed most suitable as a basis for an index of development were the average length of the T‐unit and the total number of error‐free T‐units per composition.Results, though incomplete, are encouraging. If the successful identification of stages in L2 development can be accomplished, much of the controversy resulting from conflicting claims about learning could be resolved since researchers would be making claims about learners at comparable stages of acquisition of the target language.
AN EXPERIMENT IN TRILINGUAL EDUCATION: REPORT 4
Authors: Genesee F. , Lambert W. E. , Tucker G. R. 
Published: October 2006

The study presents the results of the fourth evaluation of trilingual school programs in French, Hebrew and English being offered in a number of elementary schools in Montreal. The pupils, all of whom are native English‐speaking, receive all academic instruction during the primary grades in French; cultural and religious studies are taught via Hebrew. Instruction in English is not introduced until grade 3 in one experimental school and in grade 4 in the other experimental school.The performance of grade 3 and 5 students in the experimental trilingual programs was compared to that of control students on tests of French, Hebrew and English language proficiency and mathematics achievement. In general, the results indicate superior proficiency in French and Hebrew among the experimental students with no loss to native language development or to mathematics achievement.