bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and partial characterization of surface antigens specific for human normal and leukemic T cells
Authors: Gross Nicole , Bron Claude 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbit antisera to membrane preparations of human thymocytes (anti‐HTLA), T lymphocytes of the MOLT 4 cell line or B lymphocytes of the LIK cell line, have been serologically characterized and used for the identification of surface membrane antigens specifically expressed by human lymphocyte subpopulations. By immunoprecipitation of surface 125I‐ or NaB (3H)4‐labeled protein followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the precipitates, the anti‐HTLA antiserum was shown to detect on thymocytes three glycoproteins of apparent molecular weights 160000, 110000 and 45000. The first two only appeared to be sialylated. A similar pattern of antigens could be detected on cultured T lymphocytes, except for the 45 kDalton glycoprotein which could not be detected on the surface of these cells. None of these proteins were detected on 125I‐labeled Raji cells. The serological specificity of the anti‐MOLT 4 antiserum for T lymphocytes was more restricted since it only precipitated the 160 kDalton antigen. In addition, the 45 kDalton protein was shown to be sensitive to trypsin treatment as was the sheep red blood cell (SRBC) receptor. The results shown suggest a possible activity as SRBC receptor for this particular protein. In contrast, the anti‐LIK antiserum which behaves as an anti‐HLA‐DR reagent in cytotoxicity testing, only precipitates from cultured B lymphocyte lysates the typical Ia‐like 28 and 33 kDalton polypeptides.
Studies on the mechanisms of macrophage activation. III. Investigations on the interaction of macrophage‐activating factor with the macrophage membrane
Authors: Buchmüller Yolande , Mauël Jacques 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA macrophage‐activating factor (MAF), produced by concanavalin (Con A)‐stimulated spleen lymphocytes, was tested by its capacity to induce mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages to destroy the intracellular parasite Leishmania enriettii. MAF could be removed from active media by adsorption on macrophages at 37°C and 4°C; the adsorption was not specific, as cells from various origins could similarly be used to deplete supernatants of their activity. Treatment of macrophages with trypsin resulted in loss of response to MAF, presumably due to inactivation of a membrane receptor for the lymphokine. In addition, trypsin treatment of macrophages, following a 6‐h pulse, but not a 9‐h‐pulse, of MAF‐rich medium, inhibited activation suggesting that triggering of the biochemical processes of activation required interaction between macrophages and the lymphokine of sufficient duration, and that once these processes were initiated, parasite destruction could proceed to completion in the absence of further exogenous lymphokine. MAF activity was enhanced by treatment of macrophages with al‐antitrypsin suggesting a role for membrane‐associated serine esterases in modulating the cell response to the lymphokine. High concentrations of Con A also impaired MAF‐induced activation, presumably through binding of the lymphokine by the lectin.
Immunoglobulin M mutants
Authors: Köhler Georges , Shulman Marc J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMutants of a hybridoma line secreting IgM with anti‐trinitrophenyl specificity were enriched by coupling the hapten to the cell surface and incubating the cells in the presence of complement. In this way, cells secreting wild‐type Ig commit suicide, whereas cells secreting IgM with reduced lytic activity preferentially survive. Mutants have been isolated which showed no or reduced synthesis of either the heavy or the light chain of the IgM molecule, mutants with internal and carboxy‐terminal deletions of the μ chain, and a mutant with an electrophoretically silent change of the μ chain that reduces the affinity of the antibody for the hapten tenfold. The frequency of mutants in the original population was estimated to be about 10−4 to 10−5. All mutants were stable with reversion frequencies of about 10−5 or less.
Activation of complement, the induction of antibodies to the surface of nematodes and the effect of these factors and cells on worm survival in vitro
Authors: Mackenzie Charles D. , Jungery Michele , Taylor Patricia M. , Ogilvie Bridget M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report describes the effect on various stages in the life cycle of the nematodes T. spiralis and N. brasiliensis of complement, antibodies from rats infected with these parasites and several different cell types. The cuticle of the infective larvae and adult worms of both nematode species activates complement via the alternative pathway, but the cuticle of newborn T. spiralis lacks this property initially. As newborn larvae grow, however, the newly formed cuticle in the midregion of their body is able to activate complement. Rats infected with either nematode species produce antibodies to the cuticle of all life cycle stages which show marked specificity to each stage in the life cycle. Whereas the cuticle of T. spiralis reacts evenly over the entire surface both to complement and to antibodies, the reaction of the cuticle of N. brasiliensis to either reagent is patchy. Infective larvae of N. brasiliensis were killed in vitro in the presence of complement, by neutral red‐positive peritoneal macrophages which were nonadherent to plastic. The infective and newborn larvae of T. spiralis were killed by eosinophil‐enriched cell populations and antibodies. The speed of eosinophil killing of the T. spiralis larvae was enhanced when the serum was freshly collected and when the eosinophil suspension also contained neutral red‐positive nonadherent macrophages. Newborn larvae of T. spiralis and infective larvae of N. brasiliensis assumed a rigid appearance at death. Infective larvae of T. spiralis burst, extruding their internal organs through their cuticle weakened by antibodies and the cells.
Lymphoid stem cell homing to the early thymic primordium of the avian embryo
Authors: Jotereau Francine V. , Houssaint Elisabeth , Le Douarin Nicole M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe quail‐chick marker system was used to investigate the mechanism of lymphoid precursor cells (LPC) homing to the early thymic rudiment during development of the avian embryo. Migration of LPC was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro from the yolk sac, spleen and bone marrow to the thymus rudiment at a definite period of the latter's ontogeny. Before and after this period, the thymic rudiment is nonreceptive for LPC. The onset of stem cell seeding depends on a stage‐dependent maturation of the thymic primordium while its arrest is regulated by the number of cells which have invaded the organ. An in vitro transfilter culture technique is described which permits LPC to be attracted to a thymic rudiment. The thymus at its physiological receptive period and several other organs were associated with LPC donors. The capacity of these various organs to induce LPC traffic was compared. It appeared that the “receptive” thymus is a much better “attractant” than the liver, the mesonephros or the already colonized thymic rudiment. The hypothesis of the production of a chemotactic factor responsible for LPC attraction by the thymus rudiment is proposed which accounts for experimental data reported in this article, as well as for the events of thymus ontogeny previously established.
Opposite effects of the synthetic adjuvant N‐acetyl‐muramyl‐L‐alanyl‐D‐isoglutamine on the immune response in mice depending on experimental conditions
Authors: Souvannavong Vongthip , Adam Arlette 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence of N‐acetyl‐muramyl‐L‐alanyl‐D‐isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide, MDP) on the plaque‐forming cell (PFC) response of mice to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was studied. The effect of MDP depends on the relative doses of antigen and adjuvant and on the timing of adjuvant addition. For a given concentration of antigen, when SRBC and MDP were simultaneously injected in the i.v. route, MDP led to an enhancement of the response; in contrast, when antigen was injected i.p., a depression of the PFC response was observed. In vitro, the same duality of effect was obtained, for the same spleen cell concentration; addition of MDP led to a stimulation of the response when cultures were set in petri dishes and to an important decrease in the response when cultures were set up in plastic tubes. This inhibitory effect of MDP did not appear when it was added one night after the initiation of the cultures. These contrasting results confirm the adjuvant properties of MDP, but they show that under certain conditions, MDP can stimulate suppressive processes.
Regulation of the T15 idiotype‐positive, T‐independent immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae R36 a(Pn). I. Specific suppressor T cells induced by Pn in vitro are antigen‐specific and idiotype‐positive
Authors: Cerny Jan , Caulfield Michael J. , Siat Maureen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal BALB/c spleen cells incubated for 2 days with Streptococcus pneumoniae R 36 a (Pn) vaccine in vitro acquired the specific ability to inhibit the T‐independent anti‐Pn response of fresh lymphocytes. The activated suppressor cells were susceptible to cytotoxic treatment with mouse anti‐theta serum plus complement, and they inhibited the anti‐Pn response of B lymphocytes deprived of T cells. The suppressive effect was eliminated by adsorbtion of cells on dishes coated with the C polysac‐charide from Pn, and treatment of the suppressor cells with a rabbit antibody specific for TEPC‐15 myeloma protein, in the presence of complement, abolished the suppressive effect. The results indicate that stimulation of lymphocytes with a T‐independent antigen in vitro activates suppressor T cells bearing a specific antigen receptor that may express the idiotype(s) characteristic of anti‐Pn antibody, and that these cells inhibit the Pn‐reactive B cells directly.
H‐2‐unrestricted polyclonal maturation without replication of small B cells induced by antigen‐activated T cell help factors
Authors: Melchers Fritz , Andersson Jan , Lernhardt Waldemar , Schreier Max H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLines and clones of helper T cells, specific for either horse or sheep erythrocytes, when brought together with specific antigen and I region‐histocompatible macrophages, release factors which stimulate B cells to replicate and mature to Ig secretion (BRMF).BRMF act differently on activated B cells and on resting, small B cells. B cell blasts, activated by either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or by lipoprotein, as well as “background” B cell blasts of normal spleen, are restimulated by BRMF to continued replication and maturation to Ig secretion. Between 10 and 50% of the activated B blasts from spleens of a variety of mouse strains, either I region‐compatible or not, are stimulated. BRMF, therefore, act as B cell mitogens, stimulating activated B blasts to rounds of division and maturation to Ig secretion in the absence of specific antigen, irrespective of the H‐2 haplotype of the B blasts.Resting, small B cells, on the other hand, are not stimulated to replication by the same preparations of BRMF, even in the presence of specific antigen. However, within one day, large, blast‐like cells appear in culture. These blast‐like cells do not incorporate thymidine, do not divide, but mature to secretion of IgM and IgG. Within 4 to 5 days of stimulation by BRMF, about one‐third of all splenic B cells develop in this way, and 10–20% of them secrete sufficient amounts of Ig to form hemolytic plaques. Furthermore, activation of small, resting splenic B cells is H‐2‐unrestricted and polyclonal. The nonreplicating blast‐like cells lose their capacity to replicate as they mature to Ig secretion. This capacity, on stimulation with either LPS or with antigen‐activated T cell help, is reduced by 90–93% to 99.7% within 1–2 days. This loss of capacity to replicate is discussed in view of models for tolerance induction which imply clonal elimination by terminal maturation.
Selection of bacterial mutants from Salmonella specifically recognizing determinants on the cell surface of activated T lymphocytes A novel system to define cell surface structures
Authors: Lehmann Volker , Streck Helmut , Minner Inge , Krammer Peter H. , Ruschmann Ellen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe isolation of bacterial mutants from Salmonella is described with specific binding capacities to allogeneically or concanavalin A‐activated T lymphocytes. The enrichment of these mutants was achieved by separation of T cell blasts with adhering mutants from nonresponsive lymphocytes and nonadhering bacteria through 1 × g sedimentation. Binding of the mutants was specific for T cells early after antigen or mitogen stimulation. No adherence was observed with unstimulated T or B lymphocytes and with B cell blasts. Further results suggested that the binding of Salmonella mutants was mediated by the heteropolysaccharide moiety of lipopolysaccharides with a specificity for protein receptor sites on activated T lymphocytes. Significantly, these heteropolysaccharides also inhibited the differentiation of prekiller to killer cells from allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures but did not depress the proliferative response or the activity of cytotoxic effector cells. Bacterial adherence, as well as polysaccharide activity in functional tests, showed strain specificity since reactivity could only be obtained with activated T cells from AKR, C 57 BL/6, C 3 H but not with BALB/c and A/J strain mice. It is discussed whether the heteropolysaccharides mimic the structure of naturally occurring molecules and thus compete for their receptor sites. Selection of bacterial mutants with adherence properties may become a general procedure for detecting cell surface molecules on lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells.
A monoclonal antibody blocking human T cell function
Authors: Reinherz Ellis L. , Hussey Rebecca E. , Schlossman Stuart F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe possible functional role of T cell surface antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies was investigated. Five monoclonal anti‐T cell reagents as well as an anti‐la and anti‐β2‐microglobulin antibody were examined for their effect on T cell function. It was shown that an antibody termed anti‐T3, reactive with all peripheral T cells, blocked T cell proliferative responses to soluble and cell surface antigens. This inhibition was seen when T lymphocytes were treated with as few as 104 anti‐T 3 molecules per cell. Although anti‐T 3 could block the generation of cytotoxic T cells in mixed lymphocyte culture, once generated, anti‐T3 had no effect on cytotoxicity. In addition, anti‐T 3 abrogated the ability of T cells to provide help to B cells in a pokeweed mitogen‐driven immunoglobulin system. More importantly, these functional effects were not seen with the other monoclonal antibodies. Both the appearance of this antigen in intrathymic ontogeny and its critical role in T cell function suggests that the T3 molecule is related to an important antigen recognition receptor or cell‐cell interaction molecule.
Immunopathology of chickens infected in vivo and at hatching with the avian osteopetrosis virus MAV.2–0
Authors: Hirota Yoshikazu , Martin Maria‐Teresa , Viljanen Matti , Toivanen Paavo , Franklin Richard M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunological capacity of chickens infected with MAV.2–0, an avian osteopetrosis virus, was studied both morphologically and functionally. Infection of 11 to 12‐day‐old embryos with a high (0.58 × 106‐1.2 × 106 plaque‐forming units; PFU) and an intermediate (5.8 × 104 PFU) dose of virus resulted in severe stunting, as manifested by lower body and lymphoid organs (bursa, thymus and spleen) weights. The bursa and spleen of osteopetrotic chickens were poorly developed, the thymus partially necrotized; all lymphoid organs had fewer lymphocytes than controls, and there were far fewer germinal centers in the spleen of infected birds, as compared to controls. The humoral and cellular immunity of these osteopetrotic chickens was significantly suppressed, as assessed by (a) the plaque‐forming cell response against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in the spleen; (b) circulating antibody responses against SRBC, Brucella abortus and human γ‐globulins (HGG); (c) the delayed hypersen‐sitivity reaction against HGG; and (d) mitogenic responsiveness of peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin M and pokeweed mitogen. A few birds, infected as 11‐day embryos with the lowest concentration of virus (2.9 × 104 PFU) had no palpable bone lesions, the lymphoid organs had normal histology, and immune responses were quite similar to those in uninfected control birds. Osteopetrotic chickens, infected within 48 h after hatching (5.8 × 105 PFU), had normal IgM‐class antibody responses against all antigens studied (SRBC, Brucella, HGG), whereas IgG and/or IgA responses tended to be lower than those observed in the normal controls. These findings, together with the regularly organized small lymphoid follicles in the bursa, indicate a late affection of B cell development, whereas in the birds infected at 11–12 days of incubation, an almost total arrest of B cell development was observed. T cell functions of birds infected at hatching were suppressed to the same extent as those of in ovo infected birds indicating susceptibility of the T cell lineage to MAV.2–0 also at later stages of development.
Characterization of T cell surface glycoproteins T1 and T3 present on all human peripheral T lymphocytes and functionally mature thymocytes
Authors: van Agthoven Andre , Terhorst Cox , Reinherz Ellis , Schlossman Stuart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe monoclonal antibodies, anti‐T1 and anti‐T3, both react with all human peripheral thymus‐derived lymphocytes and with 10% of thymocytes; each, however, recognizes different cell surface structures. It was determined that the target antigen of anti‐T1 is a 69000 molecular weight cell surface glycoprotein and that the T3 antigen is a 19000 mol. wt. glycoprotein.
Studies on the nature and cellular distribution of TLMA — a major rat T axis differentiation antigen Identification as the glycosphingolipid GgOse4Cer (asialo GM1)
Authors: Arndt Rüdiger , Thiele Heinz‐Günter , Hamann Alf , Gräning Gisela , Raedler Andreas , Momoi Takashi , Wiegandt Herbert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe recently detected T axis differentiation antigen, which was provisionally designated as T‐lymphocyte‐macrophage‐associated antigen (TLMA) could now be identified as the neutral glycosphingolipid GgOse4Cer (asialo‐GM1).TLMA is not only expressed on lymphocytes on the T lineage and on macrophages of the rat, but also on eosinophilic cells. On erythrocytes, the determinants are only detectable after neuraminidase treatment.Within the cell surface of thymic lymphocytes, the antigen determinant is partly masked by sialic acid residues. Presently, it cannot be decided whether the masking effect is brought about by sialic acid residues of adjacent glycolipid molecules or whether a nonreactive sialylated precursor molecule exists.
Enhancing effect of murine anti‐idiotypic serum on the proliferative response specific for poly(LTyr, LGlu)‐poly(DLAla)–poly (LLys) [(T, G)‐A–L]
Authors: Lifshitz Ruth , Parhami Behnaz , Mozes Edna 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMurine anti‐idiotypic serum against C3H.SW anti‐poly(LTyr, LGlu)‐poly(DLAla)–poly(LLys) [(T, G)‐A–L] antibodies was elicited in C57BL/6 mice. The effect of the anti‐idiotypes on the proliferation of primed lymph node cells was investigated. The anti‐idiotypic serum stimulated the proliferative response of the (T, G)‐A–L‐specific lymph node cells as well as of nylon wool‐enriched T cells. In the presence of suboptimal doses of (T, G)‐A–L, the addition of the anti‐idiotypes enhanced the proliferation to the levels obtained with the optimal dose of (T, G)‐A–L itself. These results suggest the existence of shared idiotypic determinants between antibodies and the (T, G)‐A–L‐specific proliferative T cells.
Ontogeny of B lymphocyte function X. Strain differences in maturation of the capacity of the B lymphocyte population to produce a high‐affinity antibody response
Authors: Sherr David H. , Francus Tova , Szewczuk Myron R. , Kim Young T. , Sogn Dorothy , Siskind Gregory W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ontogeny of the B lymphocyte population to be capable of producing a high‐affinity plaque‐forming cell (PFC) response to a haptenic determinant was studied by cell‐transfer techniques in five different mouse strains. Lethally irradiated adult mice were reconstituted with liver from fetal or neonatal donors or spleen from young donors as a source of B lymphocytes. In addition, all animals received 1 × 108 adult thymus cells. Recipients were immunized with dinitrophenylated bovine gamma‐globulin (DNP‐BGG) one day after cell transfer. The heterogeneity of affinity of their anti‐DNP PFC response was assayed by hapten inhibition of plaque formation. It was established by use of congenic mice differing at the Igh locus that only donor cells responded under these conditions. By use of this transfer system, it was shown that the B cell populations of A/HeJ, AKR and C57L/J mice aquire the capacity to produce a high‐affinity PFC response between day 15 and 18 of fetal life. The B cell populations of LAF1 and DBA/1 J mice mature between 7 and 10 days after birth. The B cell population of C57BL/6 J mice matures between 21 and 28 days of age. In LAF1 and AKR mice, the B cell population acquires the capacity to generate a high‐affinity indirect PFC response at approximately the same time as the capacity to generate a high‐affinity direct PFC response. The time of maturation of the capacity to generate indirect PFC was found to differ in different strains of mice. Maturation of the capacity to produce indirect PFC appears to represent a dinstinctly different differentiation event from the acquisition of the capacity to produce a high‐affinity PFC response. The data suggest that the maturation of the B cell population to be capable of producing high‐affinity PFC is a precisely regulated differentiation event, the timing of which is strain‐related. Preliminary data suggest that this regulation is not linked to either the H‐2 haplotype or to the Igh allotype.
T cell‐mediated immunity to oncornavirus‐induced tumors IV. Preliminary evidence for a specific suppression of anti‐Moloney cell‐mediated immune response by autoimmune T cells
Authors: Leclerc Jean‐Claude , Plater Christine , Connan Francine , Debré Patrice 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious reports have demonstrated that adult C 57 BL/6 mice infected with murine sarcoma virus (MSV) develop a strong cell‐mediated immune response against Friend, Moloney, Rauscher virus‐induced type‐specific (FMR) antigens and reject their tumors. To demonstrate a possible role for auto‐anti‐MSV T blasts, syngeneic C 57 BL/6 mice were immunized with highly enriched anti‐FMR cytolytic T cells. One of 3 pools of these autoimmune T cells prepared from 12 surviving immunized mice (a) inhibited specifically the in vitro anti‐MSV cytolysis generation and (b) enhanced drastically the MSV tumor growth in vivo. The possibility for such an immunization procedure to induce anti‐idiotype T cells, the repeatability of this effect and the relationship of the suppressor cells with antigen‐specific suppressor cells and other components of the anti‐MSV immune response are discussed.