bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical procedures for the treatment of fungal periprosthetic infection following hip arthroplasty: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Guan Yun , Zheng Hanxiao , Zeng Zhimin , Tu Yiji 
Published: March 2024

Background:
There has been limited literature synthesizing the therapeutic effects of surgical procedures for fungal periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following hip arthroplasty. The authors’ current study aims to comprehensively review and analyze those relevant literature, and carefully make recommendations for future clinical practices.

Methods:
Our current study was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. Studies regarding the surgical management of fungal PJI following hip arthroplasty were collected via a thorough search of PubMed, Embase and Google scholar databases. The search was lastly performed in March 2023. Non-English language, reviews, articles with duplicated data, and articles without clear information about the type of fungal pathogens and treatment options were excluded. The authors evaluated their systematic review compliance by using AMSTAR 2 criteria and fell in moderate quality. Clinical outcomes of different surgical procedures were evaluated, and a binary logistic regression model was used to identify the risks associated with treatment failure. Data analyses were performed using the SPSS version 19.0.

Results:
A total of 33 articles encompassing 80 patients with fungal PJI following hip arthroplasty were identified. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated fungus (56.3%, 45/80). The overall treatment success was achieved in 71.1% (54/76) of the reported cases. Univariate analysis showed that the differences of success rate were not significant between publication periods, genders, ages, specimen collection methods, and fungal pathogens. Treatment success rate was 47.4% (9/19) in fungal PJI cases with bacterial co-infection, significantly lower than those without [vs. 79.0% (45/57), P=0.017]. The pooled success rate for surgical debridement, spacer implantation, resection arthroplasty, one-stage revision, and two-stage revision was 50.0% (4/8), 42.9% (3/7), 55.0% (11/20), 86.7% (13/15), and 88.5% (23/26), respectively, with significant differences between them (P=0.009). A binary logistic regression model showed that bacterial co-infection and surgical option were the two significant risk factors associated with treatment failure for fungal PJI following hip arthroplasty.

Discussion:
Regarding the surgical treatment of fungal PJI following hip arthroplasty, patients with bacterial co-infection, and those treated with surgical procedures such as debridement, spacer implantation, and resection arthroplasty should be aware of the higher risks of failure. Nonetheless, future multiple-centre cohort studies are required to establish the optimal treatment.
Brentuximab-induced pneumonitis and organizing pneumonia: a case report with literiture review
Authors: Khalil Omar R. S. , Mallah Shatha M.A. , Owda Fahed , Salim Hamza , Mallah Haneen , Azar Jehad 
Published: March 2024

Introduction and importance:
Brentuximab vedotin (BV) is an anti-CD30 antibody approved for various cancers, including refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) among others. In general, BV has been found to be well-tolerated, with the most frequently reported side effects being peripheral neuropathy and neutropenia. BV-induced pneumonitis is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the sixth reported instance of BV-induced lung toxicity.

Case presentation:
This case presents a female patient in her forties diagnosed with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma undergoing BV treatment. She developed acute hypoxic respiratory failure, ultimately, underwent a diagnostic evaluation including a computed tomography (CT) scan, which showed bilateral airspace consolidations and ground-glass opacities, suggestive of organizing pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy ruled out infection, and pulmonary lymphoma and confirmed the diagnosis of BV-induced pneumonitis. The patient had significant clinical improvement after stopping the offending agent, and starting steroids, with optimal clinical recovery at 8 weeks follow-up.

Clinical discussion:
Drug-related pneumonitis poses a significant concern in the management of cancer patients. Numerous chemotherapeutic agents, such as bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, thalidomide, and others, have been associated with pulmonary-related toxicities. These adverse effects primarily stem from direct toxicity or immunosuppression-related infections. Less commonly, immune-mediated injury may occur.

Conclusion:
Physicians must have a high index of suspicion for BV-induced pneumonitis, hence, early recognition with subsequent holding of the causative agent, initiation of immunosuppression with steroids, and occasionally steroid-sparing medications, prevent an otherwise fatal outcome.
Effects of preterm birth, maternal ART and breastfeeding on 24-month infant HIV-free survival in a randomized trial
Authors: Dadabhai Sufia , Chou Victoria B. , Pinilla Mauricio , Chinula Lameck , Owor Maxensia , Violari Avy , Moodley Dhayendre , Stranix-Chibanda Lynda , Matubu Taguma Allen , Chareka Gift Tafadzwa , Theron Gerhard , Kinikar Aarti Avinash , Mubiana-Mbewe Mwangelwa , Fairlie Lee , Bobat Raziya , Mmbaga Blandina Theophil , Flynn Patricia M. , Taha Taha E. , McCarthy Katie S. , Browning Renee , Mofenson Lynne M. , Brummel Sean S. , Fowler Mary Glenn 
Published: March 2024

Background:
IMPAACT 1077BF/FF (PROMISE) compared the safety/efficacy of two HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens to zidovudine (ZDV) alone during pregnancy for HIV prevention. PROMISE found an increased risk of preterm delivery (<37 weeks) with antepartum triple ART (TDF/FTC/LPV+r or ZDV/3TC/LPV+r) compared with ZDV alone. We assessed the impact of preterm birth, breastfeeding, and antepartum ART regimen on 24-month infant survival.

Methods:
We compared HIV-free and overall survival at 24 months for liveborn infants by gestational age, time-varying breastfeeding status, and antepartum ART arm at 14 sites in Africa and India. Kaplan–Meier survival probabilities and Cox proportional hazards ratios were estimated.

Results:
Three thousand four hundred and eighty-two live-born infants [568 (16.3%) preterm and 2914 (83.7%) term] were included. Preterm birth was significantly associated with lower HIV-free survival [0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–0.88] and lower overall survival (0.89; 95% CI 0.86–0.91) versus term birth (0.96; 95% CI 0.95–0.96). Very preterm birth (<34 weeks) was associated with low HIV-free survival (0.65; 95% CI 0.54–0.73) and low overall survival (0.66; 95% CI 0.56–0.74). Risk of HIV infection or death at 24 months was higher with TDF-ART than ZDV-ART (adjusted hazard ratio 2.37; 95% CI 1.21–4.64). Breastfeeding initiated near birth decreased risk of infection or death at 24 months (adjusted hazard ratio 0.05; 95% CI 0.03–0.08) compared with not breastfeeding.

Conclusion:
Preterm birth and antepartum TDF-ART were associated with lower 24-month HIV-free survival compared with term birth and ZDV-ART. Any breastfeeding strongly promoted HIV-free survival, especially if initiated close to birth. Reducing preterm birth and promoting infant feeding with breastmilk among HIV/antiretroviral drug-exposed infants remain global health priorities.
The Impact of Regular Screening and Lifestyle Modification on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in South African Women Living With HIV
Authors: Hanley Sherika , Moodley Dhayendre , Naidoo Mergan , Brummel Sean S. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The Integration of cardiovascular disease SCreening and prevention in the HIV MAnagement plan for women of reproductive age study set out to determine the effectiveness of screening and lifestyle modification in modifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in women living with HIV (WLHIV).

Methods:
In this prospective, quasiexperimental, intervention study, WLHIV aged 18–<50 years were enrolled from 2 clinics (intervention [I-arm]) and (control arms [C-arm]) in Umlazi, South Africa, between November 2018 and May 2019. Women in the I-arm received lifestyle modification advice on diet, physical activity, alcohol use, and smoking cessation and underwent annual screening for CVD risk. The CVD risk factors were assessed through standardized questionnaires and clinical and laboratory procedures at baseline and at end of 3 years of follow-up. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and other CVD indices were compared between arms at end-of-study (EOS).

Results:
Total of 269 WLHIV (149 I-arm and 120 C-arm) with a mean ± SD age of 36 ± 1 years were included in the EOS analyses after 32 ± 2 months of follow-up. The metabolic syndrome prevalence at EOS was 16.8% (25/149) in the I-arm and 24% (24/120) in the C-arm (risk ratio 0.9; 95% CI: 0.5 to 1.1; P 0.86). Proportion of women with fasting blood glucose >5.6 mmol/L in the I-arm and C-arm were 2.7% (4/149) and 13.3% (16/120) respectively (risk ratio 0.2; 95% CI: 0.069 to 0.646; P < 0.01). High-density lipoprotein improved with the intervention arm from baseline to EOS (95% CI: −0.157 to −0.034; P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Although there was no significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome between study arms, we observed decreased blood glucose levels in the I-arm compared with the C-arm and improved high-density lipoprotein within the I-arm, following lifestyle modification and regular screening for CVD risk factors in WLHIV.
Advanced HIV disease in East Africa and Nigeria, in The African Cohort Study
Authors: Oboho Ikwo K. , Esber Allahna L. , Dear Nicole , Paulin Heather N. , Iroezindu Michael , Bahemana Emmanuel , Kibuuka Hannah , Owuoth John , Maswai Jonah , Shah Neha , Crowell Trevor A. , Ake Julie A. , Polyak Christina S. ,   AFRICOS Study Group
Published: March 2024

Background:
Earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) may decrease progression to advanced HIV disease (AHD) with CD4 count of <200 cells per cubic millimeter or clinical sequelae. We assessed factors associated with AHD among people living with HIV before and during the “test and treat” era.

Setting:
The African Cohort Study prospectively enrolls adults with and without HIV from 12 clinics in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Nigeria.

Methods:
Enrollment evaluations included clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory testing. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with CD4 count of <200 cells per cubic millimeter at study visits.

Results:
From 2013 to 2021, 3059 people living with HIV with available CD4 at enrollment were included; median age was 38 years [interquartile range: 30–46 years], and 41.3% were men. From 2013 to 2021, the prevalence of CD4 count of <200 cells per cubic millimeter decreased from 10.5% to 3.1%, whereas the percentage on ART increased from 76.6% to 100% (P <0.001). Factors associated with higher odds of CD4 count of <200 cells per cubic millimeter were male sex (adjusted odds ratio 1.56 [confidence interval: 1.29 to 1.89]), being 30–39 years (1.42 [1.11–1.82]) or older (compared with <30), have World Health Organization stage 2 disease (1.91 [1.48–2.49]) or higher (compared with stage 1), and HIV diagnosis eras 2013–2015 (2.19 [1.42–3.37]) or later (compared with <2006). Compared with ART-naive, unsuppressed participants, being viral load suppressed on ART, regardless of ART duration, was associated with lower odds of CD4 count of <200 cells per cubic millimeter (<6 months on ART: 0.45 [0.34–0.58]).

Conclusion:
With ART scale-up, AHD has declined. Efforts targeting timely initiation of suppressive ART may further reduce AHD risk.
Completion of multidose vaccine series in early childhood: current challenges and opportunities
Authors: Michels Sarah Y. , Daley Matthew F. , Newcomer Sophia R. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
Completion of all doses in multidose vaccine series provides optimal protection against preventable infectious diseases. In this review, we describe clinical and public health implications of multidose vaccine series noncompletion, including current challenges to ensuring children receive all recommended vaccinations. We then highlight actionable steps toward achieving early childhood immunization goals.

Recent findings
Although coverage levels are high for most early childhood vaccinations, rates of completion are lower for vaccinations that require multiple doses. Recent research has shown that lower family socioeconomic status, a lack of health insurance coverage, having multiple children in the household, and moving across state lines are associated with children failing to complete multidose vaccine series. These findings provide contextual evidence to support that practical challenges to accessing immunization servi
ces are impediments to completion of multidose series. Strategies, including reminder/recall, use of centralized immunization information systems, and clinician prompts, have been shown to increase immunization rates. Re-investing in these effective interventions and modernizing the public health infrastructure can facilitate multidose vaccine series completion.

Summary
Completion of multidose vaccine series is a challenge for immunization service delivery. Increased efforts are needed to address remaining barriers and improve vaccination coverage in the United States.
Prediction of Treatment Effect of SLE-ITP Patients Based on Cost-Sensitive Neural Network and Variational Autoencoder
Authors: Xie Qiaoqiao , Li Na , Lu Youbei , Chen Jiaqi , Qu Wenqiang , Geng Linyu , Sun Lingyun 
Published: March 2024

Objective
The aim of the study was to examine the factors influencing the therapeutic effect of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus combined with immune thrombocytopenia (SLE-ITP) and develop a prediction model to predict the therapeutic effect of SLE-ITP.

Methods
Three hundred twenty-four SLE-ITP patients were retrieved from the electronic health record database of SLE patients in Jiangsu Province according to the latest treatment response criteria for ITP. We adopted the Cox model based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to explore the impact factors affecting patient therapeutic effect, and we developed neural network model to predict therapeutic effect, and in prediction model, cost-sensitivity was introduced to address data category imbalance, and variational autoencoder was used to achieve data augmentation. The performance of each model was evaluated by accuracy and the area under the receiver operator curve.

Results
The results showed that B-lymphocyte count, H-cholesterol level, complement-3 level, anticardiolipin antibody, and so on could be used as predictors of SLE-ITP curative effect, and abnormal levels of alanine transaminase, immunoglobulin A, and apolipoprotein B predicted adverse treatment response. The neural network treatment effect prediction model based on cost-sensitivity and variational autoencoder was better than the traditional classifiers, with an overall accuracy rate closed to 0.9 and a specificity of more than 0.9, which was useful for clinical practice to identify patients at risk of ineffective treatment response and to achieve better individualized management.

Conclusions
By predicting the curative effect of SLE-ITP, the severity of patients can be determined, and then the best treatment strategy can be planned to avoid ineffective treatment.
Clinical Safety of Gadobutrol: Review of Over 25 Years of Use Exceeding 100 Million Administrations
Authors: Endrikat Jan , Gutberlet Matthias , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Schöckel Laura , Bhatti Aasia , Harz Cornelia , Barkhausen Jörg 
Published: March 2024

Background
The macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent gadobutrol was introduced to the market in February 1998. Over the last 25 years, gadobutrol has been administered more than 100 million times worldwide providing a wealth of data related to safety.

Objective
The aim of this study was to perform a thorough review and status update on gadobutrol's safety.

Materials and Methods
Safety data from the clinical phase II–IV program and postmarketing surveillance were descriptively analyzed from February 1998 until December 31, 2022. Literature on special at-risk populations and specific safety aspects was critically summarized.

Results
Forty-five clinical phase II–IV studies recruited 7856 patients receiving gadobutrol. Drug-related adverse events (AEs) were reported in 3.4% and serious AEs in <0.1% of patients. Nausea (0.7%) and dysgeusia (0.4%) were the most reported AEs. All other drug-related AEs occurred ≤0.3%. After more than 100 million gadobutrol administrations, overall adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from postmarketing surveillance (including clinical trials) were rare with an overall reporting rate of 0.0356%, hypersensitivity reactions (0.0147%), nausea (0.0032%), vomiting (0.0025%), and dyspnea (0.0010%). All other ADRs were <0.001%. No trend for higher rates of AEs was found in patients with reduced renal or liver function. Seven clinical studies reported safety findings in 7292 children ≤18 years, thereof 112 newborns/toddlers younger than 2 years. Overall, 61 ADRs (0.84%) were reported, including 3 serious ones. Adverse events in patients ≥65 years of age (“elderly”) were significantly less frequent than in younger patients. A total of 4 reports diagnostic of or consistent with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis have been received. No causal relationship has been established between clinical signs and symptoms and the presence of small amounts of gadolinium in the body in patients with normal renal function after use of gadobutrol.

Conclusions
More than 100 million administrations worldwide have shown gadobutrol's well-established benefit-risk profile in any approved indication and populations.
Neoadjuvant Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in a Rare Case of Pediatric Primary Hepatic Gastrinoma
Authors: Mahato Sougata , Aggarwal Piyush , Thunga Chennakeshava , Sood Ashwani , Kanojia Ravi P. , Nada Ritambhra , Lal Sadhna B. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gastrinomas with predilection for the adult male population are located in the gastrinoma triangle (>90%). Primary hepatic gastrinoma especially in pediatric population is very rare. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy has shown benefit in metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) with an increasing interest in expanding its role as neoadjuvant treatment modality to improve the surgical candidature in inoperable NETs. There is currently no literature supporting its role in the pediatric NET patients. We present a rare case of a young boy with primary hepatic gastrinoma where 177Lu-based peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in the neoadjuvant setting contributed to his final disease-free status.
Discovering Genetic Modulators of the Protein Homeostasis System through Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Sarsani Vishal , Aldikacti Berent , Zhao Tingting , He Shai , Chien Peter , Flaherty Patrick 
Published: March 2024

Every protein progresses through a natural lifecycle from birth to maturation to death; this process is coordinated by the protein homeostasis system. Environmental or physiological conditions trigger pathways that maintain the homeostasis of the proteome. An open question is how these pathways are modulated to respond to the many stresses that an organism encounters during its lifetime. To address this question, we tested how the fitness landscape changes in response to environmental and genetic perturbations using directed and massively parallel transposon mutagenesis inCaulobacter crescentus. We developed a general computational pipeline for the analysis of gene-by-environment interactions in transposon mutagenesis experiments. This pipeline uses a combination of general linear models (GLMs), statistical knockoffs, and a nonparametric Bayesian statistical model to identify essential genetic network components that are shared across environmental perturbations. This analysis allows us to quantify the similarity of proteotoxic environmental perturbations from the perspective of the fitness landscape. We find that essential genes vary more by genetic background than by environmental conditions, with limited overlap among mutant strains targeting different facets of the protein homeostasis system. We also identified 146 unique fitness determinants across different strains, with 19 genes common to at least two strains, showing varying resilience to proteotoxic stresses. Experiments exposing cells to a combination of genetic perturbations and dual environmental stressors show that perturbations that are quantitatively dissimilar from the perspective of the fitness landscape are likely to have a synergistic effect on the growth defect.Significance StatementThis study provides critical insights into how cells adapt to environmental and genetic challenges affecting protein homeostasis. Using multilevel statistical analysis and transposon mutagenesis, we find that a model organism,Caulobacter crescentus, lacks a universal redundancy mechanism for coping with stress, as evidenced by the limited overlap in essential genes across different environmental and genetic perturbations. Our methods also pinpoint key fitness determinants and enable the prediction of perturbation combinations that synergistically affect cell growth.
The effect of enriched versus depleted housing on eucalyptus smoke-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in mice
Authors: Harmon Molly E. , Fiamingo Michelle , Toler Sydnie , Lee Kaleb , Kim Yongho , Martin Brandi , Gilmour Ian , Farraj Aimen K. , Hazari Mehdi S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLiving conditions play a major role in health and well-being, particularly for the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. Depleted housing contributes to impairment and development of disease, but how it impacts body resiliency during exposure to environmental stressors is unknown. This study examined the effect of depleted (DH) versus enriched housing (EH) on cardiopulmonary function and subsequent responses to wildfire smoke. Two cohorts of healthy female mice, one of them surgically implanted with radiotelemeters for the measurement of electrocardiogram, body temperature (Tco) and activity, were housed in either DH or EH for 7 weeks. Telemetered mice were exposed for 1 hour to filtered air (FA) and then flaming eucalyptus wildfire smoke (WS) while untelemetered mice, which were used for ventilatory assessment and tissue collection, were exposed to either FA or WS. Animals were continuously monitored for 5-7 days after exposure. EH prevented a decrease in Tco after radiotelemetry surgery. EH mice also had significantly higher activity levels and lower heart rate during and after FA and WS. Moreover, EH caused a decreased number of cardiac arrhythmias during WS. WS caused ventilatory depression in DH mice but not EH mice. Housing enrichment also upregulated the expression of cardioprotective genes in the heart. The results of this study indicate that housing conditions impact overall health and cardiopulmonary function. More importantly, depleted housing appears to worsen the response to air pollution. Thus, non-chemical factors should be considered when assessing the susceptibility of populations, especially when it comes to extreme environmental events.