bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of bee venom immunotherapy on degranulation and leukotriene generation in human blood basophils
Authors: JUTEL MAREK , MÜLLER U. R. , ERICKER M. , RIHS S. , PICHLER W. J. , DAHINDEN C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
Rapid clinical tolerance can be induced over several hours by very fast bee venom immunotherupy (VIT) protocols.Objective
To investigate the mechanisms underlying VIT we examined the changes of blood basophil responsivetiess during VIT.Methods
Seven bee venom allergic patients with a history of severe systemic reactions after a bee sting were investigated. A cumulative dose of 111.1 μg bee venom (BV) was administered sc over 3.5 h under intensive care conditions according to an ultra‐rush protocol. The release of histamine and the formation of leukotrienes in response to BV, major BV allergen Phospholipase A2 (PLA), IgE receptor cross‐linking with the use of monoclonal antibodies against IgE and IgE receptor, as well as IgE independent activation in response to C5a were determined in vitro before and after ultra‐rush VIT.Results
We demonstrated a decrease of total histamine in peripheral blood leucocytes just after VIT. Histamine release in response to all the stimuli used is not affected by ultra‐rush VIT, if expressed as per cent release of total histamine. However, the absolute amount of product released in response to stimulation was decreased, particularly with allergen (BV, PLA). We also found a significant reduction of LTC4 formation after VIT in samples stimulated with specific allergen (BV, PLA).Conclusion
Blood basophils are a target for VIT, which induces impaired release of both preformed and newly generated mediators. However, we believe the basic mechanisms of rapid clinical tolerance induced by ultra‐rush VIT remain to be investigated.
Sustained eosinophil cationic protein release into tears after a single high‐dose conjunctival allergen challenge
Authors: MONTAN P. G. , VAN HAGE‐HAMSTEN M. , ZETTERSTRÖM O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
The appearance of eosinophils is a hallmark sign of the allergic late‐phase response (LPR). Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), a readily measurable product released from activated eosinophils, has so far not been evaluated in the ocular LPR.Objective
Two sets of trials were performed in order to investigate changes of local and systemic eosinophil activity and their possible link with symptoms and hyper‐reactivity in the allergic LPR in the eye.Methods
In the first experiment, ECP was analysed in tears and serum and the clinical reaction was evaluated during a 72‐h time–course after a single, high‐dose allergen challenge out of season in one eye of 15 pollen‐sensitized volunteers. In a second experiment, the hypothesis of an increased clinical response to an allergen challenge in an eye that had been provoked with allergen 48h previously was tested in nine sensitized individuals.Results
In the first experiment, symptoms at 10 min and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h significantly exceeded base line scores of the challenged eyes. Tear ECP was significantly elevated in challenged eyes compared to contralateral eyes at 6, 8 and 24 h. In addition, symptoms and ECP release correlated significantly at the 24‐h evaluation. Serum ECP remained unchanged throughout the study period. In the second experiment, conjunctival hyperreactivity 48h after an allergen challenge was not confirmed.Conclusion
ECP secretion occurs in the experimental ocular LPR and is in part associated with the magnitude of the clinical reaction, which suggests a truly pathogenic role of the activated eosinophil in pollen‐induced allergic conjunctivitis.
Detection of Pityrosporum orbiculare reactive T cells from skin and blood in atopic dermatitis and characterization of their cytokine profiles
Authors: LINDER M. TENGVALL , JOHANSSON C. , ZARGARI A. , BENGTSSON Å. , VAN DER PLOEG I. , JONES I. , HÄRFAST B. , SCHEYNIUS A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with increased levels of serum igE. and T‐helper (Th) cells are thought to a play role in the pathogenesis. Individuals with AD often develop IgE antibodies against the yeast Pityrosporum orhiculare. a member of the normal cutaneous flora.Objective
The role of P. orbiculare in atopic dermatitis was investigated by examining the T‐cell reactivity for P. orbiculare.Methods
Freshly isolated peripheral blood monoruclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 10 AD patients with serum IgE antibodies against P. orbiculare, and from six healthy controls. The proliferative response after P. orbiculare stimulation, measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, was examined in the PBMC and in T‐cell clones (TCC) obtained from skin and blood of one patient. The cytokine profile of the TCC was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorhent assay (ELISA). radioimmunoassay (RIA) and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) following challenge with either P. orbiculare extract or anti‐CD3 antibodies and phytohaemag‐glutinin.Results
The PBMC response to P. orbiculare was significantly higher in the AD patients than in the control group (P < 0.05). Twenty‐nine out of 36 tested TCC derived from one responding patient were reactive for P. orhiculare. The clones were CD2+ and CD4+, except for one CD8+ blood clone. A majority of the TCC derived from lesional skin showed a Th2‐ or Th2/Th0‐like cytokine profile. A co‐expression of interIeukin‐5 (IL‐5) mRNA and II‐13 mRNA was detected in five out of six P. orhicularc‐reative clones analysed for their cytokinc gene expression with RT‐PCR.Conclusion
Our data suggest that P. orhiculare can induce a T‐cell response in AD patients. The Th2‐like profile of P. orbiculare‐reactive TCC derived from lesional skin indicates that P. orhiculare may play a role in maintaining IgE‐mediated skin inflammation in AD.
Human T and B cell immune responses to Fel d 1 in cat‐allergic and non‐cat‐allergic subjects
Authors: MARK P. G. , SEGAL D. B. , DALLAIRE M. L. , GARMAN R. D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
In allergic individuals exposure to allergen leads to the induction of allergen‐specific IgE which, upon binding to its high affinity receptors on mast cells and basophils. primes these cells for degranulation. This degranulation. a result of specific IgE allergen‐interaction, initiates the debilitating symptoms of allergy and the potentially life‐threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis. The lack of symptoms following antigen encounter by non‐allergic individuals is probably due to the undetectable levels of allergen‐specific IgE in the plasma of non‐allergic individuals.Objective
To compare the immune responses of allergic and non‐allergic individuals.Method
We compared the immune responses of 42 cat‐allergic subjects with 16 nem‐cat‐allergic subjects to the major cat allergen. Fel d I. We have measured plasma immunoglobulin levels and the proliferative responses of fel d 1 primed T cell lines to Fel d 1 peptides.Results
While these two groups have similar levels of Fel d 1 specific IgG. only subjects in the cat‐allergic group have detectable Fel d 1 specific IgE. Affinity purified Fel d 1 was used to generate T cell lines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of these same subjects. The proliferative responses of these T cell lines to intact Fel d 1 and a set of overlapping peptides covering the entire sequence of the molecule demonstrated that the pattern of epitope recognition was similar in both groups.Conclusion
Our data suggest that factors other than T cell recognition of specific epitopes are responsible for the nature of allergic immune responses generated when allergen is encountered.
Isolation, cDNA cloning and expression of Lig v 1, the major allergen from privet pollen
Authors: BATANERO E. , DE LA PEÑA M. A. GONZALEZ , VILLALBA M. , MONSALVE R. I. , MARTIN‐ESTEBAN M. , RODRIGUEZ R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
An olive allergen‐like protein has been detected in privet pollen. This protein could be involved in the allergenic cross‐reactivity described for privet and olive tree pollen extracts.Objective
Isolation and characterization of natural Lig v 1. Cloning and expression of its cDNA in order to assess its structural similarity with the olive allergen.Methods
Current chromatographic methods were used to isolate the privet counterpart of Ole e 1. A pool of sera from subjects allergic to olive tree pollen was used to immunodetect the protein in the elution profiles. Ole e 1‐specific polyclonal antibody and allergic sera were used in immunoblotting assays of the isolated protein, Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the first strand cDNA synthesized from the privet pollen total RNA was carried out to prepare a full‐length fragment encoding Lig v 1. After nucleotide sequencing, expression of one clone was performed in Escherichia coli, under the form of a fusion protein with glutathione S‐transferase. The IgE binding capability of the recombinant protein was also analysed.Results
The major allergen from privet pollen, Lig v 1, was purified to homogeneity by two gel filtration chromatographies and one reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Its amino acid composition and N‐terminal amino acid sequence were determined. Two different clones encoding Lig v 1 were sequenced. Strong sequence similarity between Lig v 1 and Ole e 1 was observed, the identity being 85 and 96%. One of the sequenced clones was expressed and the recombinant product exhibited IgG and IgE binding activities against both anti‐Ole e 1 polyclonal antibodies and olive‐allergic sera.Conclusion
Privet pollen contains a protein structurally and immunologically related to the major allergen of ohve pollen. The similarity exhibited by these proteins could explain the cross‐reactivity observed between the two pollen extracts. Since these allergens are highly polymorphic, the expression of an immunologically active recombinant Lig V 1 will permit the preparation of well defined molecules for both research and chnical purposes.
Granulocyte function in the airways of allergen‐challenged pigs: effects of inhaled and systemic budesonide
Authors: FORNHEM C. , PETERSON C. G. B. , DAHLBÄCK M. , SCHEYNIUS A. , ALVING K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackgroumd
Late airways obstruction and eosinophil infiltration after allergen challenge are often seen in human asthma and animal models of allergy. This inflammatory reaction, which may be a link between acute and chronic asthma, is blocked by glucocorticoid pretreatment. However, the role of eosinophils in late airways obstruction and the primary site of action of glucocorticoids, i.e. locally or systemically, have not been fully determined.Objectives
This study was initiated to find out the role of eosinophils and neutrophils in allergen‐induced late airways obstruction in the pig. The effect of pretreatment with budesonide (BUD) given locally or systemically on cellular responses seen within 8 h after allergen challenge was also studied.Methods
Twenty‐five minipigs were actively sensitized with Ascaris suum antigen and challenged under anaesthesia with antigen in the lower airways. Pigs were given BUD as an aerosol (l0μg/kg) or an intravenous infusion (5μg/kg) 1 h before allergen challenge. In one group, high doses of BUD (50μg/kg) were infused twice with a 3‐h interval before allergen challenge. As a positive control, one group was given the BUD vehicle as an infusion and as a negative control, one group not treated with BUD was given the irrelevant antigen ovalbumin. Eosinophils and neutrophils in lung tissue specimens were detected and levels of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were measured using specific antibodies against porcine EPO and MPO.Results
The number of eosinophils in lung tissue and BAL fluid and the level of EPO in BAL fluid were significantly increased 8 h after A. suum challenge in pigs not treated with BUD. With regard to possible recruitment and activation of neutrophils the only significant finding was an increase in the number of cells in BAL fluid. The eosinophil numbers and the level of EPO in BAL fluid were shown to be decreased by all BUD treatments in all the compartments studied compared to the positive control. However, the number of eosinophils in lung tissue and EPO levels in BAL fluid did not correlate with the magnitude of the late airways obstruction.Conclusion
Although eosinophils are present in the bronchial wall and lumen and are apparently activated, a causative relationship between this granulocyte and the late bronchial obstruction could not be established in this model.
Unilateral nasal allergen challenge leads to bilateral release of prostaglandin D2
Authors: WAGENMANN M. , BAROODY F. M. , DESROSIERS M. , HUBBARD W. C. , FORD S. , LICHTENSTEIN L. M. , NACLERIO R. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
Multiple mediators including prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene B4 have been shown to increase in nasal secretions during the early response to nasal challenge with antigen.Objective
Our objective was to investigate the time course of prostanoid and leukotriene B4 release into nasal secretions on both the ipsilateral and contralateral side after a unilateral nasal allergen challenge.Methods
We performed a controlled, randomized trial. Six volunteers were challenged unilaterally with antigen or diluent in a randomized order and discs were used to collect nasal secretions from both nostrils at 2 min intervals for 20 min after the challenge. Prostanoids and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in recovered nasal secretions were measured by combined capillary gas chromatography‐negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/MS).Results
Nasal allergen challenge resulted in a significant and immediate increase in symptoms and sneezing. PGD2 was significantly elevated above diluent values (0.6 ± 0.6pg) 30s after removal of the allergen disc (P<0.05), reached its peak (423.2 ± 182.4pg) at 2 min and then slowly decreased. PGD2 also increased on the contralateral side after unilateral allergen challenge, reaching peak values about six times lower than on the ipsilateral side (70.8 ± 2l.7pg at 6 min). Levels of 9a, Ub‐PGF2 after antigen provocation became significantly higher than after diluent (0 ± 0pg) on the ipsilateral side at 2 min (17.2 ± 5.9 pg), and reached peak levels at 4 mm (25.1 ± 8.0 pg). LTB4 also increased significantly on the side of ehallenge. For the other prostanoids measured (PGF2, PGF2α TxB2, 6kPGF1α), no significant changes in either ipsilateral or contralateral secretions were observed after allergen challenge.Conclusions
Our study described the kinetics of PGD2 and LTB4 release as well as the contralaterai release of PGD2.
Enhanced IgE response to Candida albicans in postoperative invasive candidiasis
Authors: SAVOLAINEN J. , RANTALA A. , NERMES M. , LEHTONEN L. , VIANDER M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
Invasive candidiasis is a life‐threatening complication problem in postoperative and immunocompromized patients, e.g. those treated by intensive care. Candida is frequently cultured from the mucous membranes of hospital patients and fungal cultures offer httle diagnostic help. Other diagnostic methods, such as blood cultures, serology and diagnostic imaging techniques produce results too late and, if positive, low sensitivity.Objective
To study the value of Candida‐specific antibodies, especially those of IgE class, in diagnosing invasive Candida infection.Methods
The immunoglobulins IgE, IgG and IgM responses to antigens of Candida albicans in the sera of 14 patients with culture, biopsy and/or autopsy proven postoperative invasive candidiasis and of 11 colonized and 19 non‐colonized operated patients were studied by mannan radioallergosorbent test (RAST), mannan enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting.Results
Detection of IgE antibodies to C. albicans polysaccharide (mannan) and protein antigens proved specific and sensitive in diagnostics of invasive candidiasis after major abdominal surgery. IgE rose early in the course of the infection and the method made a clear distinction between invasive infection and mucous colonization. Immunoblotting for protein antibodies was most sensitive while nitrocellulose‐RAST for mannan antibodies was most specific. The combined use of immunoblotting and RAST increased the sensitivity and the specificity. Determinations of anti‐Candida IgG and IgM antibodies had low sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion
Critically ill patients with invasive candidiasis develop IgE antibodies to Candida antigens probably because of disturbed TH1/TH2 responses. Determination of specific IgE antibodies can be used as a diagnostic aid in the early stage of invasive Candida infection.
Major Dermatophagoides mite allergen, Der 1, in soft toys
Authors: NAGAKURA T. , YASUEDA H. , OBATA T. , KANMURI M. , MASAKI T. , IHARA N. , MAEKAWA K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
Allergen avoidance is recommended when treating atopic asthma. Objectives Soft toys are often kept in close proximity to children and may serve as a source of exposure. Due to the potential danger from the mite allergen content of these toys, Der 1 from toys was measured.Methods
We quantified the level of Der I (Der p 1 + Der f 1) in both 30 new and 174 old soft toys (weight 216 ± 2.5g, height 26.5 ± 3.4cm), as well as in washed and in vacuumed soft toys. Dust was collected using an electrie vacuum cleaner. Der 1 was measured by monoclonal antibody‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (MoAb‐ELISA).Results
In brand new toys Der 1 was 0. I μg/g of dust, and in toys used for 1 year, 9.0; 2 year, 22.2; 3 year, 18.9; and more than 4 year, 22.7μg/g or dust. Der 1 in new toys was measured every 4 months for 1 year. Der I rapidly increased 10‐ to 20‐fold in the first 4 months, but there was no clear seasonal change. In toys washed using a chemical detergent or cleaned using a vacuum cleaner, there was a stastistically significant (P<0.00I) decrease in Der I in the washed group, but not in the vacuumed group. Conclusion These results confirm that mite allergens accumulate rapidly in toys to form a potentially important source of allergens and that washing toys with a chemical detergent is eflective in the reduction of allergens.
Characteristics of histamine release from cultured human mast cells
Authors: IGARASHI Y. , KUROSAWA M. , ISHIKAWA O. , MIYACHI Y. , SAITO H. , EBISAWA M. , IIKURA Y. , YANAGIDA M. , UZUMAKI H. , NAKAHATA T. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
The mtist cell is one of the important cells In the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. However, isolating human mast cells is a laborious procedure. Recently, cultured human mast cells raised from umbilical cord blood cells have become available. It is necessary to examine whether these cells are useful in investigating the role of mast cells in human diseases.Objective
The phenotype of mast cells depends on their anatomical sites. To examine which phetiotype of mast cells these cultured mast cells most closely resemble, their ability to release was investigated.Methods
The mast cells were raised from human umbilical cord blood cells in the presence of stem cell factor and interIeukin‐6. To determine the mast cell subtypes, the mast cells were immunocytochemically stained for tryptase and chymase. The cultured mast cells were then stimulated with various secretagogues, and histamine release was measured by a fluorometric technique using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Results The immunocytochemical staining for mast cell proteases revealed that virtually all cells contained tryptase, the definitive marker of mast cells, and that about a quarter of the cells contained chymase. Anti‐TgE effectively stimulated these mast cells to release histamine in a dose‐dependent, lime‐dependent manner. The release was completed in about 30 min. One of the non‐specific stimuli, calcium ionophore A23I87. also induced histamine release in a dose‐dependent, time‐dependent manner. In contrast, compound 48/80 and substance P failed to induce histamine release from these cells. Conclusion Cultured human mast cells resemble lung mast cells in their ability to release histamine. They will help in studying the functional properties of human mast cells and may contribute to clarifying the pathophysiology of human allergic diseases.
Parainfluenza‐3‐virus infection enhances allergic sensitization in the guinea‐pig
Authors: RIEDEL F. , KRAUSE A. , SLENCZKA W. , RIEGER C. H. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
Viral respiratory tract infections have been previously considered to be associated with induction of allergic sensitization.Objective and Methods
In order to investigate this relationship in an animal model, guinea‐pigs were inoculated intranasally with Parainfluenza‐3‐(PI‐3) virus (n= 16) or virus‐free culture medium (controls, n= 12), sensitized at day 4 with inhaled ovalbumin (OA) and challenged 3 weeks later with inhaled OA using specific bronchial provocation testing with body piethysmographic measurement of compressed air (CA). Furthermore, specific anti‐OA‐IgGl‐antibodies in serum before challenge were determined by enzyme hnked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For investigation of airway epithelium permeability horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was inhaled at day 4 after inoculation by six animals, and HRP serum concentrations were determined by a direct ELISA 30 min after inhalation.Results
PI‐3 infected animals were found to be significantly more sensitized to OA compared with controls, with higher CA values (P < 0.001) on specific bronchial provocation and with increased specific anti‐OA‐IgGl titers. Serum‐HRP concentrations were about 20 times higher in the infected animals compared with controls. PI‐3 infected and sham‐infected animals had comparable bronchial reactions on specific provocation with OA when sensitized systemically.Conclusions
We conclude that viral respiratory tract infection with PI‐3 virus enhances inhaiative allergic sensitization in the guinea‐pig. Increased mucosal permeability to antigens may be an important pathophysiological mechanism.