bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Properties of 1-Thiol-benzthiazole Derivatives as Photographic Addition Agents
Authors: Oh-Yama Yasushi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
S-Alkyl-(I) and N-alkyl-derivatives (II) of 1-thiol-benzthiazole are prepared and tested as additions for silver chloride emulsions, and compared with previously reported S-alkylderivatives (III) of 2-thiol-benzimidazole. Properties of these substances as additions may differ according to alkyl radicals substituted, positions of substitution and their parent substances.
(1) Most of these compounds (I, II and III) show blue-black developing property which can not be seen in parent substances. This effect is the weakest in (I) and the strongest in (II), and as a whole, being the substituent methyl, ethyl or allyl, its activity rises in turn. Benzyl derivatives of them are almost inactive and carboxymethyl derivatives of (I) and (III) are inactive.
(2) As for the fog-preventing property, (II) and (III) have greater activity and increase activity as the number of carbon atoms in the substituent increases. (I) is not so active as (II) or (III) regardless of its substituents.
(3) It is remrakable that (II) has somewhat sensitizing property added in emulsion, and accelerate the development when both (I) and (III) retard it.
(4) The similarity of actions of (I) and (III) lies in parallel with the resemblance of their chemical constitution, but (I) is inferior to (III) in those properties which are supposed to be due to the imino group in the imidazole ring, as fog-preventing action.
(5) The considerable difference between (I) and (II) which is the influence of the same substituent in different position of the molecule, is supposed to be attributable to the change of the constitution of the sulfur atom of thio-ether type to more reactive thio-keto type. The sensitizing, fog-preventing or development-accelerating action of the latter is supposed to be intimately related to the complex forming character of this thio-keto group with silver or silver salts.
Fungus and Enzyme Preparation of Aspergillus Oryzae Amylase and its Use
Authors: Harada Taichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The liquefaction of starch by means of electrolytes and of amylase preparations of various origins has been studied by the viscosity method. It appears that the presence of NaCl is necessary for the liquefaction of starch paste by pancreatic one. Nevertheless, for other enzymes, NaCl is not essential for the liquefaction but the presence of NaCl accelerates greatly the enzymatic action.
The maximum activation appears at about 0.01 percent cocentration. The relation between various salts and viscosity of starch solution has been also studied.
On the Nature of Built-up Film. II. Deposition of Monolayer of Stearic Acid from Surface of Water Containing Copper, Aluminum, and Thorium Ions
Authors: Muramatsu Mitsuo , Sasaki Tunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Monolayer of siearic acid spread on water containing copper, aluminum, and thorium ions, has been transferred onto solid surface, and the apparent thickness of monolayer as well as its wettability towards water after the treatment with or without aqueous solution of salts were measured. Tentative explanations for these phenomena are given, taking into account of a macromolecular structure of aluminum soap.
Monolayers of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids. II. α-Aromatic Substituted Fatty Acids
Authors: Izawa Masami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Force-area relations for 2-phenyl-, 2-(α-naphthyl)-, 2-benzyl- and 2-(α-naphthomethyl)-n-fatty acids have been investigated.
(2) Force-area curves are characteristic to each of the four series, showing that the length of alkyl chains in the molecules has only a minor effect upon the curves.
(3) Influence of pH on the force-area curves, so far examined, is shown to be similar to other fatty acids.
(4) It was concluded that the aromatic ring in the α-position of the fatty acids has such an orientation that the plane of the aromatic ring is placed perpendicular to the water surface.
(5) Film properties seem to have no direct relation to the antibacterial activity of these compounds, and some of the regularities for the activity are discussed.
Seasonal Variations of Minor Chemical Constituents in the Waters of the Zunan-Kuroshio Region. I. On Nitrogen-phosphorus Content Ratio with the Behaviors of Nitrate and Phosphate
Authors: Fukai Rinnosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Data of nitrate and phosphate detrminations have been selected from those of the ZunanKuroshio observations which were made from January, 1950 to February, 1951, and their seasonal variations were investigated with reference to N/P ratio.
As a result, it was proved that no change was recognised in deep layers (400-800 m.) at Station 6 (in the main current of the Kuroshio) throughout the period, but deviations from Cooper’s normal ratio were found in surface and subsurface layers. The cause of these deviations may partly be due to the decomposition processes of dead marine organisms.
Analytical Chemistry by means of Oxalic Acid. II. On the Quantitative Analysis of Barium
Authors: Matsumoto Tamotsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Quantitative precipitation of barium as its oxalate hemihydrate was made possible by employing 50% alcohol as washing solution and by drying the precipitate at 100°—105°C. for 2 hrs.
(2) Sod. chloride, pot. chloride, pot. nitrate and amm. chloride produce little influence on this determination, while amm. nitrate positively effects the estimation.
(3) It was found that barium can be determined volumetrically by titrating with potassium permanganate the oxalic acid which is formed when the barium oxalate is decomposed with nitric acid.
On the Thermal Dissociation of Organic Compounds. II. The Dissociation of the Urea Linkage in Sym-dimethylurea, Asym-dimethylurea and Asym-phenylethylurea in Butyric Acid
Authors: Hoshino Toshio , Mukaiyama Teruaki , Hoshino Hiroko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The rate constants and the activation energies of the thermal dissociation of symdimethylurea, asym-dimethylurea and asymphenylethylurea were determined.
(2) It was demonstrated that the substituents have great influence on the dissociation reaction.
Fractionation of Cellulose Acetate and Distribution of Non-Cellulosic Components between the Fractions
Authors: Matsuzaki Kei , Fukuhara Setsuo , Hatano Akira , Sobue Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Three cellulose acetates from cotton linters, Kayaceta and a domestic pulp were fractionally precipitated from acetone solution with ethanol, and viscosity measurements in acetone solution and pentosan determinations by paper chromatography of the individual fractions were made.
2. Another acetate from Rayaceta was again fractionated into five fractions and viscosities in acetone and cupriethylene diamine solution and pentosan contents of the individual fractions were determined.
3. The results showed a close relationship between the initial acetone-insoluble fractions or in acetone haze-producing fractions and their pentosan content. These fractions include abnormal materials which show low viscosity (probably low D. P.) in cupriethylene diamine solution as well as in acetone. They are in-cluded much in the acetates from wood pulps.
4. It could not be decided whether these acetone-insoluble fractions were due to association by salt bridge effect of calcium ions between carboxyl or sulfuric half-ester groups, or due to the remaining structure of wood tissues.
5. The chain-length distributions of the cellulose acetates from wood pulp seem to be more heterogeneous than those from cotton linters.
The Relation between the Geometrical Configurations of Inorganic Complexes and their Absorption Bands. II. The Configurations of Two Isomers of Sodium Disulfono-tetrammine-cobaltiate
Authors: Shimura Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The visible and ultra-violet absorption spectra of Na[Co(NH3)4(SO3)2]·2H2O (brown salt) and Na[Co(NH3)4(SO3)2]·4H2O (yellow salt) have been measured. The results have proved that the SO3=-radical coördinates around the central cobalt (III) ion by the lone pair electrons of its sulfur atom, and that the brown salt has trans-configuration concerning the positions of the SO3=-radicals and the yellow salt cis-configuration.
The absorption spectrum of NH4[Co(NH3)4(SO3)2]·3H2O (dark brown form) has also been studied and it has been assumed that the salt is trans-isomer contrary to several investigators’ assignmints of cis-strusture.
Electrolytic Reduction of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids. II. Electrolytic Reduction of Cinnamic Acid
Authors: Ono Shin-ichi , Hayashi Tadao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrolytic reduction of cinnamic acid at a Pb, a Hg, a Hg-Zn or a Pt-Pt cathode in acid solution was studied.
It was found that the formation of bimolecular compounds depended on the nature of cathode materials and the condition of the reduction. It was confirmed that the γ-phenylpropyl alcohol could not be produced by the electrolytic reduction of cinnamic acid. It was found that the reduction of cinnamic acid at a Pt-Pt cathode gave cyclohexyl propionic acid.
The effect of high pressure of hydrogen in the course of reduction was discussed.
The New Method of Polymerization of Vinyl Compounds. I. On the Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate with Copper or Cuprous Chloride and Acids at Room Temperature
Authors: Inoue Ryozo , Yamauchi Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) It has been that the polymerization of methyl methacrylate happens catalytically with Cu or Cu2Cl2 and acids at room temperature. Polymerization products were obtained as fine powder easily separable from the reaction mixture.
(2) It has been pointed out that the polymerization is initiated by free radicals of hydrogen.
(3) Calculating from the degree of polymerization products polymers and consumed Cu2Cl2, the efficiency of the produced H· for the polymerization is not so good.
The Catalytic Action of Organic Peroxides on the Polymerization of Ethenoid Compounds. I. The Activity of Substituted Benzoyl Peroxides in the Polymerization of Styrene
Authors: Takebayashi Matsuji , Shingaki Tadao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The rates of polymerization of styrene with m- and p-substituted benzoyl peroxides have been found to be inversely proportional to the square root of the dissociation constants of the corresponding substituted benzoic acids.
(2) The thermal decomposition of the peroxides in styrene has been observed to be of first order in all cases.
(3) It has been found that the rate of decomposition of peroxides is in a parallel relation with the rate of polymerization of styrene.
(4) The relation between the amounts of radicals derived from the peroxides and the rates of polymerization has been studied.
(5) In respect to the small activity of dinitro-benzoyl peroxides, a tentative theory has been made.
Sterols and Other Unsaponifiable Substances in the Fats of Shell Fishes, Crustacea and Echinodermata. XI. Sterols in the Fat of Clam
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Takagi Toru , Tanaka Tatsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Steryl acetate obtained from clam fat was recrystallized from several different solvents, and it was found that the acetate recorded in the previous report as pure meretristeryl acetate, m. p. 149.5°, was not a pure single compound. Final recrystallization gave an acetate of m. p. 173–174°, though in a very small yield.
(2) Acetate mixture after removal of the fraction of m. p. 173–174° was fractionated by way of bromide, and it was found that brassicasterol, poriferasterol, clionasterol and cholesterol are present among the sterol components of clam fat.
(3) Bromination of the acetate of m. p. 173–174° and debromination of the bromination product yielded acetate having considerably lower melting points than the original acetate. Accordingly, there must have occurred isomerization or other changes in bromination and debromination cycle.
Estimation of the Amount of Hydration of Alcohols
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka , Yasunaga Tatuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The amount of hydration for alcohols in aqueous solution was estimated, assuming that the molecular sound velocity of a solution can be calculated from that for each constituent of the solution and their molal fraction, thereby regarding the water of hydration as the third component different from the free solvent and rather resembling ice as far as the sound velocity is concerned. The quantities thus calculated showed the general behavior of hydration water and also proved to be proportional to the heat of hydration.
The Oxygen Equilibrium of Hemerythrin and Bohr Effect
Authors: Kubo Masaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oxygen equilibrium of hemerythrin and its Bohr effect were studied by spectrophotometric method. It was found that the oxygen combining centers in this molecule are not completely independent but the stabilizing effect is weak. The value of n in Hill’s equation is equal to 1.37. The partial pressure of oxygen in equilibrium with the solution of 50 % saturated hemerythrin is 2.9 mm. Hg. Within the pH. range of stable hemerythrin solution, there is no dependence of oxygen equilibrium upon pH, hence no oxygen-linked acid groups are present in hemerythrin molecule.
The Co-ordinate Compounds of Iron with Some Hydroxycarboxylic Acids
Authors: Shibata Kazuo , Noguchi Tazuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Chelating action of salicylic, sulphosalicylic and 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acids towards iron was investigated quantitatively, and it was found that they combine with one-to-one molecular ratio with iron. In order for these substances to be used as colorimetric reagents for the determination of iron, it is desirable that the reagents as well as their complexes be well soluble in water, and that the equilibrium contants of the complexes be sufficiently large so that the proportionality between the absorbance caused by complex and the concentration of iron or chelating agent may hold in a wide range. In this respect sulphosalicylic acid may be regarded as most suitable, among the three hydroxycarboxylic acids studied, as a reagent for iron determination. In view of the fact that the introduction of sulphonyl group into salicylic acid caused the increase of K, it may be expected that a more suitable iron reagents would be obtained by further introduction of sulphonyl group in salicylic acid.
Sedimentation Volume of Alginic Acid Powder in Electrolyte Solution
Authors: Miyamoto Shigeru , Sasaki Tunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The sedimentation volume and swelling degree of alginic acid in electrolyte solutions were measured and the coagulation degree was calculated from these values. It was observed that the coagulation degree showed large values, giving maxima at relatively low concalculated from these values. It was observed nitrate. These maxima corresponded to the isoelectric points shown on the electrokinetic potential curve. A close correlation was seen among coagulation degree, electrokinetic potential and cation exchange amount.
Electrolytic Reduction of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids III. Reduction of Phenylacetic Acid
Authors: Ono Shin-ichi , Hayashi Tadao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The electrolytic reduction of phenylacetic acid at a Pb, a Hg-Zn, a Hg or a Pt-Pt cathode was studied. It was confirmed that phenylethyl alcohol could be produced from phenylacetic acid using Pb, Hg-Zn and Hg cathodes. The Pt-Pt cathode was observed to behave catalitically in the course of reduction and gave rise to cyclohexylacetic acid.
(2) The relative ease of the reduction of the carboxylic acid to alcohol was closely-related to the nature of the group which lies between phenyl and carboxyl radical.
(3) The effect of high pressure of hydrogen was discussed on the electrolytic reduction of phenylacetic acid.
Mechanical Properties of Concentrated Hydrogels of Agar-agar. III. Relaxation of Stress in Compression
Authors: Fujita Hiroshi , Ninomiya Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As the third report of the series of papers concerning the viscoelastic behavior of concentrated hydrogels of agar-agar, the results of an experimental investigation of the relaxation of stress in an agar-agar gel of a concentration 4 g./100 cc. have been presented, which are summarized as follows:
(1) The general type of the relaxation curves obtained may be seen in Figure 2, in which particular attention must be drawn to the behavior that the plotted curves fall across the zero stress base after running certain finite intervals of time. An adequate interpretation of this has been presented in the last section of the text.
(2) As was illustrated in the second paper of this series, an agar-agar gel block decreases spontaneously and gradually its volume under the experimental conditions adopted in this series of experiments. Taking into account he spontaneous volume contraction, a system of equations for representing the viscoelastic deformation of an agar-agar gel column subject to compressive load has been presented, in which as a mechanical model of the material two Maxwell relaxation elements connected in parallel have been assumed.
(3) All the data of relaxation obtained have been considered in the light of this set of equations. In this way, the numerical results listed in Table 1 have been obtained.
(4) The activation energy for relaxation has been calculated for each individual mechanical element by the use of the Arrhenius equation. It has been found that the activation energies so calculated are constant below about 40°C. for both elements, amounting to nearly equal values, the average of which is estimated at about 9 kcal./mole. Above 40°C., for both relaxation elements, deviations from the Arrhenius equation appeared, which are gradually marked with increase in temperature. We have ascribed these deviations to the decrease in the frequency factor in the Arrhenius equation.
(5) Finally, the set of equations presented above has been solved for the case of compression creep under constant load, resulting in a creep equation coinciding exactly in form with the empirical creep equation derived in the previous paper II of this series. In addition to this formal agreement of the present theoretical and the previous empirical creep equations, quantitative agreement of them has-been demonstrated by showing that the viscosity values from the previous creep test can be well reproduced by the sum of the individual viscosity values obtained from the present relaxation test.
Dipole Moments of Bromotropolones, Thujaplicins and Related Compounds
Authors: Kurita Yukio , Nozoe Tetsuo , Kubo Masaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dipole moments of seven tropolone derivatives were measured in benzene solution at 25°C. The values obtained are: bromotropolone (m. p. 190°C, 5-bromo-), 2.07 D; bromotropolone (108°C., 3-bromo-), 3.91 D; tribromohinokitiol (90.5°C., 3,5,7-tribromo-), 3.05 D; α-thujaplicins, both A (34°C.) and B (25.5°C.) form, 3.37 D; dibromo-α-thujaplicin (80°C., 5,7-dibromo-), 2.82 D. By analysing the results obtained, the position of substituents in these molecules were determined and are given immediately after each name of these compounds in parentheses. The two crystal forms of α-thujaplicin with different melting points give an identical moment in solution. α-Dinitrohinokitiol of m. p. 155°C. is 5,7 (or po′) - dinitrohinokitiol.
Physicochemical Properties of the Surface of Aqueous Solutions. IV. Classification of Mechanical Behavior of Several Aqueous Surfaces
Authors: Kimizuka Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Mechanical behaviors of surfaces of aqueous solutions were studied, and were explained by the three-parameter model with various relaxation times and retardation times.
2. The mode of change of mechanical models with the increase in concentration of the solution were classified into two groups; a change from the dashpot through the Voigt model to the three-parameter model, and a change from the dashpot through the Maxwell model to the three-parameter model. Saponin, crystal violet and sodium stearate belonged to the former, and egg albumin, horse serum albumin, peptone, gum arabic and polyvinyl alcohol, to the latter. It was presumed that this difference was due to the difference in the state of aggregation of their molecule.
The Visible Absorption Spectra and Binding Energy of Quinhydrone-Type Molecular Compounds
Authors: Tsubomura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absolute intensities of the visible absorption spectra and the binding energies of quinhydrone-type molecular compounds have been determined by the measurements of their absorption intensities in solutions. The visible absorption spectra of these molecular compounds can be explained as the charge-transfer spectra of the π -electrons of quinone and the B compounds. The intensity of these chargetransfer spectra can be calculated roughly by setting up linear combination of the lowest unfilled MO of quinone and the highest filled MO of the B compound, and the results agree qualitatively with the experimentally derived absorption oscillator strengths. This chargetransfer resonance is thought to be the most characteristic part of the intermolecular binding energy in these molecular compounds.
Theoretical Study on the Polarographic Limiting Currents. I. Revised Equation for the Diffusion Currents
Authors: Matsuda Hiroaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to integrate the MacGillavry-Rideal differential equation, representing the diffusion process at the dropping mercury electrode, the present author employed the von Kárman-Pohlhausen method. Thus the following revised expression of the Ilkovic equation showing the mean diffusion current is derived, in which the shielding effect due to the capillary tube is also treated theoretically.
\bari_d=608 n^*CD^1/2m^2/3τ^1/6{1+20.6(D^1/2m^-1/3τ^1/6)+49.0(D^1/2m^-1/3τ^1/6)^2-···}
The analogous treatment is also applied to the case of amalgam polarography, and the following equation for the mean diffusion current is obtained.
\bari_d=-608 n^*C_MD_M^1/2m^2/3τ^1/6×{1-30.5(D_M^1/2m^-/3τ^1/6)+155(D_M^1/2m^-1/3τ^1/6)^2-···}
Theory of Monolayer. II. Vibration of Molecule in the Monolayer Normal to the Surface
Authors: Hotta Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The author has assumed in the previous paper that the vibrational term of the partition function of the molecule normal to the surface is equal in both gaseous and liquid films. This assumption was verified at the surface vaporization point in the present paper with the dynamics of material points. The derived relation between frequency and intermolecular distance or potential energy is (12) or (13).
On the Ring-opening Reactions of the Furan Compounds. III. On the Condensation of Furfural with Methyl Ethyl Ketone by Alkali
Authors: Midorikawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It seems that furfural can react with methyl ethyl ketone in two ways by alkali.
In the condensation at 0∼3°, the main product was 4-(2-furyl)-3-methyl-4-butanol-2-one. This aldol was easily dehydrated to 4-(2-furyl)-3-methyl-3-buten-2-one, which was oxidised to α-methyl-2-furanacrylic acid by sodium hypochlorite.
In the condensation at 60∼3°, the main product was the furfurylidene ketone, which gave the semicabazone melting at 182∼4° and the dioxocarboxylic acid by ring opening in alcoholic hydrochloric acid. It is presumed that this ketone is 1-(2-furyl)-1-penten-3-one, and the dioxocarboxylic acid resulting from it is γ,ζ-dioxopelargonic acid.
It is also interesting that two species of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone were obtained with respect to 4-(2-furyl)-3-methyl-3-buten-2-one.