bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The GISP2 ice core and snow‐atmosphere chemical exchange
Authors: Bales Roger , Dibb Jack , Neftel Albrecht 
Published: October 2006

Polar snow and ice are among the most valuable, or perhaps are the most valuable, tools for reconstructing past climatic conditions. Glacial‐ice records large changes over time scales ranging from intraannual to glacial‐interglacial transitions. Changes in the ice are thought to largely reflect changes in atmospheric chemistry and dynamics resulting from variations in biogeochemical cycling due to climatic, and other, perturbations [Oeschger and Langway, 1989].However, two broad classes of processes, air‐to‐snow transfer and post‐depositional modification, combine to filter and potentially distort atmospheric signals before they can be preserved in the glacial record [Neftel, 1991]. Recognizing the critical need to understand air‐snow transfer and postdepositional modifications to unravel the climate information recorded in ice cores, the International Commission on Snow and Ice (ICSI) established a working group on Snow‐Atmosphere Chemical Exchange. With support from the National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs, the ICSI working group organized a workshop to develop a science plan for a 3‐ to 5‐year research effort focused on exchange processes. The workshop will follow the current Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) drilling effort at Summit, Greenland.
Progress in substorm research
Authors: Kan J. R. , Kennel C. F. , Vasyliunas V. M. , Akasofu S.‐I. 
Published: October 2006

A substorm workshop was held at the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, from September 18 to 21, 1991. Approximately thirty substorm researchers participated in the workshop, including twenty‐five from the United States, two from Canada, and one participant each from Germany, France, and Japan.The purpose of the workshop was to critically assess our understanding of the substorm phenomenon. To understand a substorm is to understand how the magnetosphere and ionosphere interact with each other in response to the ever‐changing conditions in the solar wind. A substorm is a global phenomenon involving coupling of the solar wind, the magnetosphere, and the ionosphere. The complexity of this coupled system is the main reason why it has been so difficult to establish the temporal and spatial connections between substorm features observed in the polar ionosphere and in the magnetosphere.
1992 AGU Front Range Meeting
Authors: Rush Sandra 
Published: October 2006

The AGU Front Range Branch held its annual meeting on February 10, 1992, at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo. The theme of the meeting was “Our Changing Environment,” with specific emphasis on the Rocky Mountains, the Front Range, the High Plains, and the Great Basin environments.The all‐day meeting featured twenty oral presentations and five poster presentations. Most of the topics presented were related to environmental issues such as ozone depletion, emergency response applications at the Rocky Flats Plant, climatic forcing, and hydrogeology. Other papers of interest included a geophysical study of the Sand Dunes National Monument in Colorado, a paper on the impact of the 1988 forest fires on the chemistry of nonthermal groundwater at Yellowstone National Park, and a poster on the soil‐gas flux of carbon dioxide from nonventing areas of the Kilauea Summit in Hawaii. A poster and an oral presentation centered on the vulnerability of transportation and energy supply networks in the central United States to earthquakes in the New Madrid seismic zone. The field of space science was represented by two posters on recent geomagnetic behaviors and magnetospheric convection and an oral presentation on plasma density in the Earth's magnetosphere. Three Front Range Branch awards were given to students to recognize excellent presentations.
House Panel continues to investigate science priorities
Authors: Jones Richard M. 
Published: October 2006

The House science committee held the second of three hearings to address priority setting in federal research funding. At the April 28 hearing, four witnesses from both the public and private sectors agreed that scientists must become more involved in setting priorities, even if the mechanisms to do so are still being developed.The lead witness, former Ohio governor Richard F. Celeste, now chairman of the Government‐University‐Industry Research Roundtable, contended that “priority setting is essential” but cited “deep concern about excessive planning, too much specificity in setting research priorities for fundamental research.” He said that broad participation is critically important, calling for a national forum where “institutions could discuss and compare their plans and priorities.” Over the next two years the roundtable plans a series of focus groups and national colloquia to examine priority setting and strategic planning.
Student paper awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Eight presentations in the Atmospheric Sciences section were named “Outstanding Student Papers,” at the AGU 1991 Fall Meeting in San Francisco.Jennifer Holmes, who presented “Long‐ Term Atmospheric Aerosol Collection at Mauna Loa Observatory,” is a doctoral candidate in the chemistry department at the University of Washington. She is studying the 12‐year aerosol record at Mauna Lau Observatory, including completing analysis and applying statistical approaches to aid in data interpretation. She is also interested in volcanic emissions, especially platinum group elements from hot‐spot volcanos. She also works on an on‐line pollution‐monitoring prompt gamma‐ray spectroscopy system. She received a masters degree from the University of Washington in 1989 and a bachelor of science degree from Arizona State University in 1985.
UARS science instruments are shut down
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

NASA turned off the science instruments aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite on June 2 after the primary solar array drive failed and its backup stopped. The array is now “parked” in a position that allows it to generate power for control and communication, but not enough to run the instruments, according to John Donley, NASA deputy project manager, Earth Science Mission Operations.“We have a very serious problem,” said Robert J. McNeal, UARS program scientist, adding that he was nonetheless “optimistic” that it could be diagnosed and overcome.
Examining sexism in the geosciences
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

Do women geoscientists face worse obstacles because of their gender than women in other sciences? A recent survey by the Committee on Professionals in Science and Technology showed that women with geoscience bachelor's degrees start off at only 68% of their male colleagues' salaries, much lower than women in biology (92%), engineering (102%), chemistry (103%), and physics (111%).Women still lag behind men in geoscience degrees as well. In 1990, women received about one‐third of geoscience bachelor's degrees, one‐quarter of masters, and about one‐fifth of Ph.D.'s, reports the American Geological Institute. In the sciences overall, women received about half of bachelor's degrees, 42% of masters, and about a third of Ph.D.'s in 1989, according to the National Research Council.
More GEOSAT data declassified
Authors: Blue Charles 
Published: October 2006

Although accurate sea surface measurements are valuable for both scientific research and commercial applications, some of the world's most accurate sea surface measurements taken by the U.S. Navy have been classified because of their strategic value. Now, through an initiative of AGU and other organizations, millions of altimetric measurements of the ocean's surface are being declassified for scientific use.U.S. Navy Rear Admiral G. L. Chesbrough has authorized the declassification and release of the Navy Geodesy Satellite (GEOSAT) Geodesy Mission (GM) data south of 30°south latitude, around the entire globe. These new data will allow scientists access to highly accurate measurements of nearly half of the world's oceans and will also make it possible to study and understand geophysical properties of the marine gravity field with extraordinary accuracy, quality, and coverage.
International meeting airs ozone studies: The Troposphere: New Hot Spot for Ozone Research
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

The dramatic discovery of the stratospheric ozone hole has eclipsed attention to ozone increases in the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere beginning at the Earth's surface. But tropospheric ozone got equal billing with the stratosphere at a recent international symposium, suggesting that tropospheric issues have come into their own.“Only in the past decade or so has tropospheric ozone become an important scientific concern,” said Henry Reichle of Langley Research Center. Historically, the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, begun in 1927, dealt only with the stratosphere. But tropospheric studies shared the limelight at this year's meeting, held June 4–13 at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. “Now we understand that tropospheric ozone can have an impact on a larger scale, not just locally,” Reichle said.
Seeking Pinatubo's imprint on ozone
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

As the first anniversary of Mt. Pinatubo's eruption approached, atmospheric scientists at the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium gave a progress report on their search for the Philippine volcano's signature upon atmospheric ozone.Whether Pinatubo indeed left a distinctive fingerprint on ozone—and what chemical processes are responsible—is under considerable debate. The volcano's effect on ozone “is either pretty subtle or it's significant, and we can't tell the difference yet,” said NASA scientist Arlin Krueger of Goddard Space Flight Center, who chaired the symposium session on volcanism and ozone. “There are still mysteries here.”
No growth for NASA, NSF
Authors: Leath Audrey T. , Jones Richard 
Published: October 2006

On June 25, the House Appropriations Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies completed marking up its funding bill, which prescribes the annual budget allotments for NASA and the National Science Foundation, among other agencies.Faced with an allocation for fiscal year 1993 that does not even keep pace with inflation inflation, the subcommittee could not hope to approach the almost 18% funding increase that President Bush requested for NSF. Instead, the agency's total budget remains relatively flat. It is proposed to grow by $39 million, or 1.47%, to $2.72 billion, translating into a real decrease after inflation. The NSF total is $303.5 million less than the $3.02 billion requested by the Bush administration.
AGU acquires Springer‐Verlag Series
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

AGU has acquired Springer‐Verlag's (New York) Coastal and Estuarine Studies book series. This acquisition adds thirty‐nine volumes to AGU's own Coastal and Estuarine Sciences book series.Coastal and estuarine science is a rapidly growing area of research driven in part by an increasing awareness of man's impact on the coastal zone, and the importance in understanding its delicate ecosystems. This area of study enhances AGU's initiatives in interdisciplinary research. Particular emphasis is being placed on understanding the complex interactions between the physical, geological, chemical, and biological aspects of marine science.
Hill takes action on NOAA funding
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

Action was taken recently in both the House and Senate on fiscal year 1993 appropriation bills that fund the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.The House Commerce, Justice, and State,the Judiciary and Related Agencies Subcommittee voted on its funding bill on June 30. The Senate, the Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary and Related Agencies Appropriations Subcommittee marked up its bill on July 22.
The flight of the tethered satellite system
Authors: Papadopoulos Dennis , Drobot Adam , Stone Nobie 
Published: October 2006

The first Tethered Satellite System (TSS‐1) Electrodynamics Mission is scheduled for launch aboard the space shuttle ST‐46 on July 31, 1992, as a joint mission between the United States and Italy. A 500‐kg, 1.6‐m‐diameter satellite, attached to the shuttle by a thin (.24 cm), conducting, insulated wire (tether), will be reeled upwards from the orbiter payload to a distance of 20 km when the shuttle is at a projected altitude of 300 km.TSS‐1 is an extremely ambitious mission with high‐risk payoff potential. This is the type of pioneering mission NASA and the United States should be encouraging, with the risk in the achievement of the mission objectives rather than in safety. The mission has been likened to the maiden flight of a new airplane. We expect surprises and hope to set the stage for the next mission, the TSS‐reflight.
Watkins offers view of future DOE mission
Authors: Jones Richard M. 
Published: October 2006

The fifth plenary meeting of the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board (SEAB) was held in Washington on July 10. Opening comments by Admiral James Watkins, Secretary of the Department of Energy, provided insights into his vision of the agency's future direction.These are exciting times, Watkins said, declaring that the “evil empire has disappeared.” He hailed Boris Yeltsin's recent declaration to Congress that communism is dead. Watkins spoke of the opportunities of the “new world order,” but also said that DOE is facing a management challenge of great proportions.
UARS back to full operation
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

All ten instruments aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) were brought back to full operation July 21, according to NASA. Problems with the drives for the satellite's solar array led flight controllers to shut down the satellite's instruments on July 2 (see Eos, June 16, 1992).Subsequent tests showed that the main drive, now in use again, has a damaged but usable clutch, according to John Donley, UARS deputy project manager. The back‐up drive, however, cannot be used safely. “We've lost our basic redundancy,” he said
House sustains Space Station funds
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

The House of Representatives rejected an amendment on July 29 that would have eliminated funds for Space Station Freedom. The House voted 237 to 181 against an amendment by representatives Bob Traxler (D.‐Mich.) and Bill Green (R.‐N.Y.) that called for terminating funding for Freedom, except for $525 million to shut down the program.Opponents of the space station had criticized its cost and questioned its scientific value, while supporters argued that the station would spawn over 75,000 jobs and give a boost to the aerospace industry.
Copyright case a victory for science publishing
Authors: Cole Stephen 
Published: October 2006

An important victory for the financial health and future of scientific journals was won July 23 when Judge Pierre Leval of the Federal District Court in New York handed down his decision on the copyright infringement suit, American Geophysical Union, et al. v. Texaco Inc. Leval ruled that profit‐making companies cannot photocopy copyrighted journal articles without permission and without compensating the copyright holder.The class action suit was brought in 1985 by AGU and six other scientific publishers on behalf of 8500 publishers worldwide who make their titles available for legal copying under licenses granted by the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. This licensing system was designed in cooperation with major corporations to facilitate compliance with the 1976 Copyright Act. Although more than 200 companies now use the center, some corporations, such as Texaco, have not. The suit was initiated to force compliance with copyright law. The current decision is very important because it establishes legal precedents on the “fair use” issue.
Gombosi named JGR‐Space Physics Senior Editor
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

Tamas I. Gombosi, professor of space science and aerospace engineering at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, has been appointed senior editor of the Journal of Geophysical Research‐Space Physics. His term will begin August 1 and continue until December 31, 1996.Gombosi's main objective as editor is to keep JGR (blue) the “best space physics journal in the world,” while making it more readable, more interesting, and increasing its circulation. Specifically, he wants to provide the highest‐quality forum for space physics, assure equal access and standards for scientists from all over the world, and provide a forum for new, high‐risk ideas.
No change in federal “participation” rules
Authors: Jones Richard M. 
Published: October 2006

Federal employees who participate in the activities of professional organizations will be able, at least for the time being, to continue their participation under new standards issued August 10 by the Office of Government Ethics (OGE).On July 23, 1991, OGE issued proposed regulations to standardize rules of conduct for federal employees (Eos, Editorial, August 13, 1991). One section of the regulations would have, in the opinion of many scientists, greatly reduced their ability to serve as society officers or in other capacities. At that time, OGE stated, “there is a perception on the part of some employees that involvement in these activities is part and parcel of their Federal employment. Unless participation is specifically authorized as part of their official duties, it is not.”
The August 18 eruption of Mt. Spurr
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

A brief explosive eruption of Mt. Spurr in southwest Alaska occurred on August 18, with little or no apparent precursory seismicity. Preliminary data suggested that the August 18 activity was similar to somewhat stronger than the previous explosive episode, on June 27 (see last 3 Bulletins). The June 27 ash had been carried north, away from nearby populated areas, but the August 18 ash fell on Anchorage, Alaska's largest city, 130 km east of Spurr, closing its internatioal airport and forcing most of its residents indoors.The eruption was first reported at 1548 (all times are local: UT −8 hours) by an airplane pilot who saw a dark cloud, probably an ash plume, breaking through weather clouds. About 8 minutes of seismicity at slightly above background preceded the pilot report. No lightning pulses, which often accompany ash eruptions, were detected, but there were additional pilot reports of ash during the next half‐hour. Seismicity increased markedly at 1641, and by 1645, NOAA C‐band radar had detected a plume to almost 11 km altitude. The National Weather Service released a SIGMET, warning pilots of the ash plume, at 1653.
Thomas B. Nolan 1901–1992
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

AGU Fellow Thomas B. Nolan, of Washington, D.C., died on August 2 at age 91.Nolan was named assistant director of the U.S. Geological Survey in 1944 and served as its director from 1956 to 1965. During his tenure as director, the USGS began an evaluation of the effects of underground nuclear explosions at the Nevada Test Site, expanded the study of natural hazards—particularly earthquakes and volcanos, began training astronauts in geology, undertook photogeologic mapping of the Moon, took on the design and operation of the national network for collecting water data, and began a program of marine studies to evaluate potential offshore mineral resources. Nolan stepped down in 1965 to return to being a research geologist.
ODP drilling at the East Pacific Rise
Authors: Storms M. A. , Reudelhuber D. H. , Holloway G. L. , Allan J. , Batiza R. 
Published: October 2006

Understanding the origin of the ocean crust by scientific drilling at the axes of mid‐ocean ridges is a high priority in the Earth science community, as reflected in the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Long Range Plan, the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES) Lithosphere Panel's White Paper, and several reports of the Ridge Inter‐Disciplinary Global Experiments (RIDGE) program. The ODP Long Range Plan provides for over a dozen drilling legs at and near mid‐ocean ridges prior to the year 2002, including a multileg drilling program at the East Pacific Rise (EPR).ODP Leg 142 (February–March 1992) was the first of this multi‐leg effort and was devoted primarily to continued testing and development of the engineering systems needed for successful drilling of bare rock at mid‐ocean ridges. At the same time, it was hoped that drilling would result in cores that could be used to study volcanic and hydrothermal processes, volcanic architecture, fluid flow, and other processes occurring at the active EPR axis.
David Lukens Reasoner (1941–1992)
Authors: Chappell Rick 
Published: October 2006

David Lukens Reasoner, former head of NASA's Ionospheric Physics branch, died on April 21, 1992. Reasoner was born July 1, 1941. He worked tirelessly to expand NASA's Space Physics Division, bringing his deep experience and personal expertise to bear on the challenges of growth.During the magical period of the late 1950s and early 1960s when America turned its eyes toward space and the Moon, David Lukens Reasoner journeyed north from the nearby Texas town of Dickinson to Rice University with an idea of getting involved in exploring the frontiers of space. He pursued a course of study in electrical engineering and received a bachelor's degree in 1963 and a master's degree in 1964. In the early 1960s, the Space Science Department at Rice was formed, and President John Kennedy visited to say that America chose to go to space not because it is easy but because it is hard and because it would require the very best talents of our nation to succeed. Dave Reasoner was one of those talented people. His excellence in electrical engineering and physics, combined with his natural abilities in the laboratory, suited him ideally for building the machines of space. As a student, he built sounding rocket payloads and multiple instruments for satellites and experiment packages that were placed on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts. He completed his doctoral degree in space science in 1968. It was in these early thrilling days of space exploration that I first met Dave, beginning a friendship and collegial relationship that was to last 27 years.
Report on global change data released
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

Federal agencies have developed a plan to manage the huge quantities of global change data already in hand, as well as the even greater masses of data expected soon (see Eos, Feb. 11, 1992). An interagency report, “The U.S. Global Change and Information Management Program Plan,” outlines the program's policy and structure for making present and future data both accessible and usable.Much existing data and information on global change is hard to access and poorly archived. Under the Global Change Data and Information System (GCDIS), federal agencies that now use data only from their own particular programs will share information among each other and internationally. The Earth Observing System Data Information System is NASA's component of GCDIS.
Public meetings on NASA's future
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

NASA is holding six “town meetings” in November and December to discuss the agency's future. According to NASA, the purpose of the open meetings is to discuss the new vision of the agency with the public, to make contact with businesses that do not now participate in NASA programs, and to seek input on how NASA can reach its goals more cheaply and effectively.NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin and other agency officials will attend the meetings, along with local reesearchers and business figures.