bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experientia contra experientiam. Religiöse ‘innere’ und ‘äußere’ Erfahrung im Spätmittelalter und im Übergang zur Neuzeit.
Authors: Köpf Ulrich 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn the late Middle Ages there are two different conceptions of experience: a non‐religious, exterior experience, derived from physical perceptions: the Aristotelian conception, and a religious, interior experience: the conception of monastic theology, represented by Bernhard of Clairvaux. In the transition from Middle Ages to modern times the distinction between exterior and interior experience is transferred into the religious experience.
Zur Entwicklung der Fächer Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik in der Wiener Schule
Authors: Schmidt Gabriela 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn the second half of the nineteenth century research work in the field of medical chemistry, physiology, experimental pathology and internal medicine led to a differentiation of the two new specialities, clinical chemistry and laboratory research within the Vienna Medical School. Some important contributions to this trend are documented by the scientific accomplishments of J. F. Heller, E. C. Schneider, E. Ludwig, E. Freund, S. Strieker, R. von Jaksch, W. Türk, M. Gruber, C. von Pirquet, and K. Landsteiner.
Theoretical study of interactions between muscle aldolase and F‐actin: Insight into different species
Authors: Forlemu Neville Y. , Waingeh Victor F. , Ouporov Igor V. , Lowe Stephen L. , Thomasson Kathryn A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInteractions of the glycolytic enzyme, fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase (aldolase), with F‐actin may be one mechanism for the colocalization of glycolytic enzymes. Examination of these interactions in different animal species tests this hypothesis by observing whether binding sites are conserved across species. Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations provide descriptions of such protein–protein interactions with the muscle isoforms of zebra fish and human aldolase. The results are compared with previous results obtained for rabbit muscle and yeast. The aldolase binding groove previously determined in rabbit muscle is conserved in both the human and fish muscle isoforms. The nonspecific radial free energies of interaction are similar with fish being slightly weaker than human and rabbit: human, −2.27 ± 0.05 kcal/mol; rabbit, −2.0 ± 0.04 kcal/mol; and fish, −1.5 ± 0.03 kcal/mol. BD results show a large Boltzmann population of complexes formed around the A/D and B/C grooves of aldolase with the most feasible binding mode comprising two aldolase subunits to subdomain I region of the actin subunits. These results show that the location of the important residues and binding site for fish and human aldolase is very similar to that in rabbit and that in different animals the binding site is conserved. This suggests that the binding interaction between aldolase and F‐actin is general in animal muscles and is rendered possible and energetically favorable through the conservation of this binding site. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85: 60–71, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Fungal biofiltration of α‐pinene: Effects of temperature, relative humidity, and transient loads
Authors: Jin Yaomin , Guo Ling , Veiga María C. , Kennes Christian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOver the past decade much effort has been made to develop new carrier materials, more performant biocatalysts, and new types of bioreactors for waste gas treatment. In biofilters fungal biocatalysts are more resistant to acid and dry conditions and take up hydrophobic compounds from the gas phase more easily than wet bacterial biofilms. In the present study, a biofilter packed with a mixture of perlite and Pall rings and fed α‐pinene‐polluted air was inoculated with a new fungal isolate identified as Ophiostoma species. α‐Pinene is a volatile pollutant typically found in waste gases from wood‐related industries. The temperature of waste gas streams from pulp and paper industries containing α‐pinene is usually higher than ambient temperature. Studies were undertaken here on the effect on performance of temperature changes in the range of 15–40°C. The effect of temperature on biodegradation kinetics in continuous reactors was elucidated through equations derived from the Arrhenius formula. Moreover, the effects of the relative humidity (RH) of the inlet gas phase, transient loads (shock or starvation), and the nature of the nitrogen source on α‐pinene removal were also studied in this research. The results suggest that the fungal biofilter appears to be an effective treatment process for the removal of α‐pinene. The optimal conditions are: temperature around 30°C, RH of the inlet waste gas stream around 85%, and nitrate as nitrogen source. The fungal biofilter also showed a good potential to withstand shock loads and recovered rapidly its full performance after a 3–7 days starvation period. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96: 433–443. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cancer‐specific mortality after radiation therapy with short‐course hormonal therapy or radical prostatectomy in men with localized, intermediate‐risk to high‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Tsai Henry K. , Chen Ming‐Hui , McLeod David G. , Carroll Peter R. , Richie Jerome P. , D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.The presence of multiple determinants of aggressive cancer biology may impact prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) rates compared with fewer factors. The authors estimated PCSM after radiation therapy with short‐course androgen suppression therapy (RT+AST) or radical prostatectomy (RP) in men with clinically localized, intermediate‐risk to high‐risk prostate cancer.METHODS.The study cohort included 3240 men treated from 1981 to 2002 with RT with 6 months of AST (n = 550) or RP (n = 2690) for localized prostate cancer with at least 1 risk factor (prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] >10 ng/mL, biopsy Gleason score 7–10, or clinical tumor category T2b or T2c). Competing risks regression analyses were used to determine whether the number of risk factors present was associated with time to PCSM.RESULTS.Men with all 3 risk factors had significantly shorter time to PCSM after RT+AST (adjusted hazards ratio [HR] of 9.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.9–44.5 [PGray = .005]) or RP (adjusted HR of 6.3; 95% CI, 3.2–12.2 [PGray < .001]) when compared with men with any 1 or 2 risk factors. The 7‐year estimates of PCSM for men having 1, 2, or 3 risk factors were 0.83% (95% CI, 0.27–1.4%), 2.6% (95% CI, 1.0–4.2%), and 12.6% (95% CI, 7.1–18.1%), respectively.CONCLUSIONS.Men with multiple determinants of intermediate‐risk to high‐risk prostate cancer have significantly increased estimates of PCSM despite aggressive therapy compared with men with only 1 or 2 determinants. These men are appropriate candidates for enrollment onto randomized controlled trials evaluating the benefit of adding systemic therapies such as docetaxel to RT+AST or RP. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
A PDA client for the computational Grid
Authors: Parkin M. , Brooke J. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAccess to the computational Grid is restricted to the laptop and desktop environment since Grid client development has been concentrated in this area. This paper presents the design and implementation of a new, lightweight computational Grid client that provides the same level of functionality and security as its desktop counterparts whilst conforming to the limitations and restrictions of a Personal Digital Assistant environment. A solution has been achieved by taking an architectural perspective of the problem and choosing a tiered, asymmetrical Grid middleware providing an asynchronous messaging model with uniform interface to all resources. The client opens up a new area of Grid computing access: secure and flexible job submission and monitoring to dependable, persistent, powerful and consistent computing services provided by a computational Grid has been freed from static environments into the mobile domain. This has been done without the modification of the underlying Grid middleware and using standards‐based protocols and components: J2ME, X.509 certificates, Secure Socket Layer connections and IEEE 802.11b wireless networking. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct application access to Grid storage
Authors: Andersen Rasmus , Vinter Brian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper describes the ideas behind and the implementation of a thin user‐level layer to be installed on Grid resources. The layer fits in the minimum intrusion Grid design by imposing as few requirements on the resource as possible and communicates with the server using only trusted and widely used protocols. The model offers transparent, on‐demand remote file access. By catching all application operations on files, these operations are directed towards the remote copy on the server, thus eliminating the need for transferring the complete file. This implementation is targeted at the minimum intrusion Grid project, which strives for minimum intrusion on the resource executing a job. ‘Minimum intrusion’ implies that a client need not install any dedicated Grid software. Hence, the proposed model is forced to use a user‐level layer that automatically overrides the native I/O calls. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses, Characterization, and X‐ray Crystal Structures of Mono‐Lacunary Dawson Polyoxometalate‐Based Organosilyl Complexes
Authors: Kato Chika Nozaki , Kasahara Yuhki , Hayashi Kunihiko , Yamaguchi Asuka , Hasegawa Takeshi , Nomiya Kenji 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe syntheses and crystal structures of a series of organosilyl polyoxotungstate derivatives with the Dawson monovacant phosphotungstate [α2‐P2W17O61]10– are described. The polyoxometalates (Me2NH2)5H[α2‐P2W17O61{O[Si(CH2)3SH]2}]·6H2O (Me2NH2‐1), (Me2NH2)6[α2‐P2W17O61{O[Si(CH2)3SCN]2}]·3H2O (Me2NH2‐2), and (Me2NH2)6[α2‐P2W17O61{O(SiPh)2}]·4H2O (Me2NH2‐3) were obtained as analytically pure, homogeneous yellow crystals by the reaction of mono‐lacunary Dawson polyoxotungstate with HS(CH2)3Si(OMe)3, NCS(CH2)3Si(OEt)3, and PhSiCl3, respectively, in an HCl/water/acetonitrile mixed solution or a water/acetonitrile mixed solution, followed by crystallization from water in the dark. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analyses revealed that the four‐coordinate –Si–O–Si– bonding of the organosilyl groups {O[Si(CH2)3SH]2}, {O[Si(CH2)3SCN]2}, and {O(SiPh)2} is attained through four oxygen atoms in the mono‐lacunary site of the polyanion, resulting in an overall C1 symmetry for Me2NH2‐1 and Me2NH2‐2 and Cs symmetry for Me2NH2‐3. In the molecular structures of Me2NH2‐1 and Me2NH2‐2, a unique configuration of the organosilyl groups is observed in the solid state, i.e. the equatorial and axial bonding of each of the two HS(CH2)Si moieties in the {O[Si(CH2)3SH]2} group for Me2NH2‐1 and the two NCS(CH2)3Si moieties oriented in a syn fashion in the {O[Si(CH2)3SCN]2} group for Me2NH2‐2. The characterization of Me2NH2‐(1–3) was accomplished by elemental analysis, TG/DTA, and FT‐IR, solution (1H, 13C, and 31P) NMR, and solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
New Highly Strained Multifunctional Heterocycles by Intramolecular Cycloadditions of Nitrones to Bicyclopropylidene Moieties
Authors: Marradi Marco , Brandi Alberto , Magull Jörg , Schill Heiko , de Meijere Armin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntramolecular cycloadditions of various nitrone functionalities with different substituents (R = Me, Bn, tBu) at the nitrogen atom tethered to a bicyclopropylidene unit through a two‐carbon chain led to cis‐fused tricyclic isoxazolidines (3‐alkyl‐3,3a,4,5,5a,6‐hexahydrocyclopropa[2,3]cyclopenta[1,2‐c]isoxazolespiro[1,1′]cyclopropanes) 26 in 42–58 % yield with complete regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. The thermal rearrangement of the cycloadducts 26 under neutral conditions afforded the corresponding tricyclic tetrahydropyridones 27 (52–53 %). The analogous starting materials with a three‐carbon tether, the 4‐(bicyclopropyliden‐2‐yl)butylidenenitrones furnished tricyclic isoxazolidines 28 (54–58 %) and tetrahydropyridones 29 (55–64 %) by subsequent thermal rearrangement. Under acidic conditions (TFA), the cycloadducts 26 and 28 underwent fragmentative rearrangements to afford the tricyclic β‐lactams 30 and 32 (50–66 %), respectively, of which the former suffered amide‐bond cleavage in situ to provide the corresponding N‐trifluoroacetyl β‐amino acid derivatives 31 (68–71 %). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Constrained Carbenes
Authors: Rosenberg Murray G. , Brinker Udo H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCarbenes traditionally have been used for cyclopropane synthesis but little else, since their reactions are difficult to control. However, the burgeoning discipline of supramolecular carbene chemistry—reactions in which highly reactive, divalent carbon intermediates are generated within the confines of host compounds—is making steady progress towards solving this problem. Various carbenes generated within cyclodextrins, hemicarcerands, and zeolites demonstrate increased selectivities and lifetimes since their usual decay pathways are blocked. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Engineering Neutral Organic Bases and Superbases by Computational DFT Methods – Carbonyl Polyenes
Authors: Despotović Ines , Maksić Zvonimir B. , Vianello Robert 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe gas‐phase proton affinities and basicities of a large number of open‐chain zig‐zag polyenes involving a carbonyl functional group were examined by using the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6‐31+G(d) computational scheme. Absolute proton affinities (APAs) increased with the number of polyene subunits. The most basic site in all cases was the carbonyl oxygen. It was conclusively shown that basicity of polyenes was dramatically amplified by substitution of NMe2 and Me groups at the strategic positions on the molecular backbone. Triadic analysis revealed that the dominating effect was relaxation energy released upon formation of the molecular radical cations. Relation between the relaxation and cationic resonance effect was briefly discussed. Moreover, it was shown that the carbonyl oxygen was more basic than the amino nitrogen of the NMe2 groups because of the larger bond association energy of the hydrogen atom attached to O compared to N atoms, in the conjugate acid in question. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthetic Strategies for Converting Carbohydrates into Carbocycles by the Use of Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Madsen Robert 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis microreview covers recent advances in the use of ring‐closing metathesis for the synthesis of carbocycles from carbohydrates. Various strategies for the synthesis of α,ω‐dienes from carbohydrates are presented, which give rise to a large variety of dienes with different stereochemistries, protecting groups and substituents. Subsequent ring‐closing metathesis with a ruthenium carbene complex affords highly functionalized carbocycles with ring sizes ranging from five‐ to eight‐membered rings. The application of these methods for the synthesis of carbocyclic natural products from carbohydrates is also demonstrated.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 5‐Thio‐D‐xylopyranose
Authors: Charmantray Franck , Dellis Philippe , Hélaine Virgil , Samreth Soth , Hecquet Laurence 
Published: October 2006

Abstract5‐thio‐D‐xylopyranose, a synthon used for the preparation of drugs with antithrombotic activity, was synthesised by an enzymatic isomerisation from the corresponding ketose, 5‐thio‐D‐xylulofuranose, with glucose isomerase. This compound was obtained by two different chemoenzymatic routes, the key step being the stereospecific formation of a C–C bond, catalysed by transketolase or fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The influence of fire and permafrost on sub‐arctic stream chemistry during storms
Authors: Petrone K. C. , Hinzman L. D. , Shibata H. , Jones J. B. , Boone R. D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPermafrost and fire are important regulators of hydrochemistry and landscape structure in the discontinuous permafrost region of interior Alaska. We examined the influence of permafrost and a prescribed burn on concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and other solutes ($NO_{3}^{-}$, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+) in streams of an experimentally burned watershed and two reference watersheds with varying extents of permafrost in the Caribou–Poker Creeks Research Watershed in interior Alaska. The low‐permafrost watershed has limited permafrost (3%), the high‐permafrost watershed has extensive permafrost (53%), and the burn watershed has intermediate permafrost coverage (18%). A three end‐member mixing model revealed fundamental hydrologic and chemical differences between watersheds due to the presence of permafrost. Stormflow in the low‐permafrost watershed was dominated by precipitation and overland flow, whereas the high‐permafrost watershed was dominated by flow through the active layer. In all watersheds, organic and groundwater flow paths controlled stream chemistry: DOC and DON increased with discharge (organic source) and base cations and $SO_{4}^{2-}$ (from weathering processes) decreased. Thawing of the active layer increased soil water storage in the high‐permafrost watershed from July to September, and attenuated the hydrologic response and solute flux to the stream. The FROSTFIRE prescribed burn, initiated on 8 July 1999, elevated nitrate concentrations for a short period after the first post‐fire storm on 25 July, but there was no increase after a second storm in September. During the July storm, nitrate export lagged behind the storm discharge peak, indicating a flushing of soluble nitrate that likely originated from burned soils. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptualization of runoff processes using a geographical information system and tracers in a nested mesoscale catchment
Authors: Tetzlaff D. , Soulsby C. , Waldron S. , Malcolm I. A. , Bacon P. J. , Dunn S. M. , Lilly A. , Youngson A. F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTracer investigations were combined with a geographical information system (GIS) analysis of the 31 km2 Girnock catchment (Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland) in order to understand hydrological functioning by identifying dominant runoff sources and estimating mean residence times. The catchment has a complex geology, soil cover and topography. Gran alkalinity was used to demonstrate that catchment geology has a dominant influence on baseflow chemistry, but flow paths originating in acidic horizons in the upper soil profiles controlled stormflow alkalinity. Chemically based hydrograph separations at the catchment scale indicated that ∼30% of annual runoff was derived from groundwater sources. Similar contributions (23–36%) were estimated for virtually all major sub‐basins. δ18O of precipitation (mean: − 9·4‰; range: − 16·1 to − 5·0‰) and stream waters (mean: − 9·1‰; range: − 11·6 to − 7·4‰) were used to assess mean catchment and sub‐basin residence times, which were in the order ∼4–6 months. GIS analysis showed that these tracer‐based diagnostic features of catchment functioning were consistent with the landscape organization of the catchment. Soil and HOST (Hydrology of Soil Type) maps indicated that the catchment and individual sub‐basins were dominated by hydrologically responsive soils, such as peats (Histosol), peaty gleys (Histic Gleysols) and rankers (Umbric Leptosols and Histosols). Soil cover (in combination with a topographic index) predicted extensive areas of saturation that probably expand during hydrological events, thus providing a high degree of hydrological connectivity between catchment hillslopes and stream channel network. This was validated by aerial photographic interpretation and groundtruthing. These characteristics of hydrological functioning (i.e. dominance of responsive hydrological pathways and short residence times) dictate that the catchment is sensitive to land use change impacts on the quality and quantity of streamflows. It is suggested that such conceptualization of hydrological functioning using tracer‐validated GIS analysis can play an important role in the sustainable management of river basins. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of soil moisture after rainfall events along a slope in Regosols of southwest China
Authors: Liu Gangcai , Zhang Jianhui 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHigh frequency seasonal drought in purple soils (Regosols in FAO taxonomy) of the hilly upland areas of Sichuan basin, China, is one of the key restrictive factors for crop production. In order to manage irrigation and fertilizer application in these soils effectively, the soil water content in a sloped plot with 60 cm soil depth was measured by neutron probe devices to investigate the soil moisture regime during the 1998 rainy season after various amounts of rainfall events. The results showed that variation of soil moisture along the slope positions was highest in the top soil layer during the period of sporadic rainfall that did not induce any runoff. The coefficients of variation of soil moisture at various slope positions (upper, middle, and lower) are 17·36%, 8·95%, 10·25%, 8·58%, 8·05% and 9·21% at the 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm soil depths respectively. When surface runoff occurred, the soil moisture dynamics at various positions on the plot were then very different. Soil water content decreased more rapidly on the upper slope than on the middle and lower slope positions. When both surface runoff and throughflow occurred, the soil moisture dynamics in the various layers showed a stable period (soil water content is near constant as time elapses) that lasted about 1 week. Also, the pattern of moisture dynamics is ‘decreasing–stabilization–decreasing’. Thus, irrigation and fertilization management according to the spatial and temporal features of soil moisture dynamics on sloped land can increase the water and fertilizer utilization efficacy by reducing their losses during the stable period. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.