bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A personal memoir of Inge Lehmann (1888–1993)
Authors: Simon Ruth 
Published: October 2006

On February 21, the world lost a pioneering woman scientist and I lost a treasured friend.I met Inge Lehmann in the 1950s when she came to Lamont to work on her “Lg” paper. We immediately became friends despite the large difference in our ages. Her quiet dignity, her interest in everything scientific and feminine, her desire to learn all she could about our lives in and out of the observatory astounded me. Inge was shy, almost painfully so. Dr. Ewing arranged for Inge to stay in the guest house where she could do her work and have assistance as needed. One of my most pleasant duties to make her feel at home was to take her on weekly trips to the supermarket. She prepared her own meals in her guest house quarters. I shopped for my own family at the same time, leaving my provisions in the car until it was time to go home after work. Inge kept ice cream and frozen food in her small freezer for me.
Numerical modeling for underground nuclear test monitoring
Authors: Taylor Steven R. , Kamm James R. 
Published: October 2006

The symposium for Numerical Modeling for Underground Nuclear Test Monitoring was held March 23–25 in Durango, Colo. Funded by the DOE Office of Arms Control and Nonproliferation (OACN) and hosted by the Source Region Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), the meetings's purpose was to discuss the state‐of‐the‐art in numerical simulations of nuclear explosion phenomenology with applications to test‐ban monitoring. In particular, we wished to focus on the uniqueness of model fits to data, the measurement and characterization of material response models, advanced modeling techniques, and applications of modeling to monitoring problems.The concept for the meeting arose through discussions with Marv Denny, who was on assignment at Department of Energy Headquarters from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). In these conversations, the following question was discussed: how are numerical modeling techniques being used to understand the effects of explosion‐ source phenomenology on test‐ban treaty monitoring? Numerical studies are becoming increasingly important in the evaluation of capabilities for proliferation monitoring; this trend has accelerated with the curtailment of the nuclear testing program. During these discussions, the issue of the uniqueness and limitations of numerical models arose. It was decided to address these questions by convening a group of experts to present and discuss the problems associated with modeling of close‐in data from explosions.
Ice core yields unique climate archive
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

On June 29, after 5 years of drilling through the Greenland ice sheet, National Science Foundation‐sponsored researchers extracted the world's deepest ice core, reaching 3052 feet, and they are about to hit rock bottom. The 5.2‐inch‐diameter core through the summit of the ice sheet, along with a European core completed last year 30 km away, is furnishing the longest, most detailed record available of the Northern Hemisphere's climate, reaching back about 250,000 years. Together, the cores are altering ideas about the very nature of the Earth's climate system.The cores reveal a climate whose dynamism has startled researchers. “The biggest surprise so far is that climate changes much more rapidly and frequently than we ever believed before,” said Paul Mayewski, chief scientist for NSF's Greenland Ice Sheet Project. Patterns of climate stored in the ice show that climate changed substantially every few thousand years, until the end of the last ice age.
Mars Observer to enter Mars orbit
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

The Mars Observer is scheduled to enter the planet's orbit on August 24, 1 month ahead of the original arrival date. Launched on September 25, 1992, the Observer is the first U.S. spacecraft to visit Mars since Viking 2 in 1976, marking the next step in exploration of the planet. The Mars Observer mission will study the geology, geophysics, and climate of Mars.The spacecraft underwent a power boost to arrive earlier than planned in order to gain more observing time before the solar conjunction, said Donald Savage of NASA's Washington, D.C., news office. Overall, the spacecraft fared well during its 11‐month journey, he said, noting that there were some periodic software problems, but nothing that damaged the mission.
60% of NSF funds directed to strategic research
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

“Not less than 60% of the agency's annual program research activities should be strategic in nature.”—Senate Report 103‐37An important component of the annual appropriations process is the committee report accompanying a bill. Last week, Barbara Mikulski's (D‐Md.) Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies submitted a report outlining its recommendations for the National Science Foundation. If implemented, the recommendations set forth in this report would have a very important bearing on the future of NSF. This language, while not having the force of law, is “the next best thing,” and is ignored only at peril.—Richard Jones, American Institute of Physics
Antarctic mass balance and sea level change
Authors: Bentley Charles R. 
Published: October 2006

The Antarctic ice, remote as it is, has the potential to affect coastal communities and habitats around the world, because any change in its mass will directly affect mean sea level. Despite all the study of the ice sheet in the last several decades, however, it is still uncertain whether the ice sheet is growing, shrinking, or unchanging in mass. The most recent studies are contradictory—glaciological evidence from the continent suggests that the ice sheet is slowly growing, oceanographic evidence around the continent suggests that it is shrinking, and indirect satellite evidence relating to changes in mass distribution over the surface of the globe suggests that changes of either sign must be small.The glaciological evidence has most recently been summarized by Bentley and Giovinetto [1991]. By analyzing all available measurements on the rate of snow accumulation on the ice sheet (the mass input) and the mass flux across the boundary between the land‐based and floating margins of the ice sheet (the mass output), they came to the conclusion that there is a net gain of about 200 Gt yr−1, that is, a sea‐level lowering of about 0.5 mm yr−1. The data cover the large drainage systems that encompass the vast interior plateaus where the mass input rates are small. Much less is known about more limited coastal systems characterized by higher specific mass input rates. Nevertheless, it seems unlikely that these smaller regions could be losing mass rapidly enough to make up for the mass gain over the majority of the continent.
Comet on a collision course with Jupiter
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has provided the most detailed look yet at the comet hurtling toward a July 1994 collision with Jupiter.The Hubble's high‐resolution images show that approximately twenty objects make up comet P/Shoemaker‐Levy 9, giving it the appearance of a string of pearls, and that these objects are much smaller than originally estimated from observations with ground‐based telescopes. Measuring the size of the nuclei is very difficult because each nucleus is surrounded by a haze of dust, called a coma. The Hubble telescope provides improved contrast between the nuclei and their comae, thereby allowing a better estimate of the sizes. Some astronomers think the comet is really an asteroid from the asteroid belt between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars.
Project to map parts of South Pacific
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Suva‐based South Pacific Geoscience Commission is undertaking a seabed mapping project covering the exclusive economic zones of Fiji, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Tuvalu.The survey is being carried out by the French oceanographic ship L'Atlanta. When the project is completed next year, the commission will have accurate maps of the seafloor covering an area of nearly 750,000 km2 for the first time.
Outstanding student paper award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Mark Simons was the recipient of the Planetology Section Outstanding Student Paper Award at the AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md., last May, for his paper “Geoidto‐Topography Ratios on Venus: A Global Perspective.”Simons is a Ph.D. student in the Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary sciences department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He received his B.S. in geophysics and space physics from the University of California, Los Angeles.
Major glacier surge continues
Authors: Molnia Bruce F. 
Published: October 2006

The 1993 surge of Bering Glacier (first reported in Eos, July 20, p. 321) continues, with more than half of its ∼5175 km2 surface area displaying a variety of surge‐generated features, including deeply crevassed bulges and pressure ridges, extensional fractures with intricate patterns of intersecting and sinuous crevasses, tear faults, ephemeral lakes, grabens, and a myriad of other stress‐generated features. The area affected by the surge continues to expand and has increased from about 150 km2 in early June, to ≥1000 km2 on July 28, to ≥2500 km2 on October 5.Surging is defined as periodic, very rapid movements of large quantities of ice within a glacier, alternating with much longer periods of near stagnation. Surging is frequently accompanied by major advances of the glacier's terminus. The surge of Bering Glacier began between mid March and late May and did not reach the terminus until late August. During the period after the expanding surge reached the central part of the glacier's terminus and September 10, part of the terminus advanced more than 1500 m into Vitus Lake, the ice‐marginal lake surrounding much of the terminus, advancing at a velocity approaching 100 m/day.
Russian volcano erupts with little warning
Authors: Mockler Susan Bucci 
Published: October 2006

With little advance seismic warning, the Kamchatka Peninsula's Mt. Bezymianny erupted on the afternoon of October 20. Preliminary estimates indicate that this is the largest eruption of the volcano since 1956. There are a few seismic stations in the area, but the ongoing activity at nearby Klyuchevskoy and Sheveluch volcanos masked the Bezymianny precursor (and initial eruptive) activity, said Thomas P. Miller of the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO). Located at 56°04′N, 160°43′E, in east‐central Kamchatka, Russia, Bezymianny is a 9500‐foot‐high stratovolcano breached to the east with a large active dome in the summit crater.Observers from the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), led by Vladimir Kirianov, notified AVO that Bezymianny was generally obscured by heavy ashfall, with ash plumes extending up to about 8–15 km above sea level on October 23–24. The ash layer measured more than 1 cm at the Apahonchich seismic station (15 km northeast of the volcano) and 0.5 cm at the Gorno‐Topolovo meteorological station (30 km southeast of the volcano). As of November 10, the volcano had yet to be observed at close range because of much volcanic ash, bad weather conditions, and lack of funding, said Miller. A helicopter, with a volcanologist from the Russian Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry onboard, is scheduled to fly into the area as soon as weather permits. More information on the size and status of activity will be available then, said Miller.
Rockefeller describes new era in science and technology policy
Authors: Mockler Susan Bucci 
Published: October 2006

The federal science and technology policy of today is being developed in a new historical context, said Jay Rockefeller (D‐W.Va.), chairman of the Senate's Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space. According to Rockefeller, changes in policy are being shaped by three “phenomena”—the end of the Cold War, concern about our international economic competitiveness, and a new president willing to join Congress in responding to new challenges.Addressing the National Academy of Engineering in Washington, D.C., on October 7, Rockefeller said that the nation's security took precedence during the Cold War, and economic competitiveness was placed on a back burner. The nation now faces a deficit in that area, he said. Congress has begun a push for a redirection of federal science and technology, and the administration is moving in the same direction. “We should not be surprised to see the Clinton Administration and the Congress questioning old rationales for agency funding,” said Rockefeller.
Cuts to science spending spared
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Federal science funding was one area spared further cuts over the next 5 years when the House rejected the Penny‐Kasich Deficit Plan by a vote of 219‐213 on November 22. Known for its two House cosponsors Timothy Penny (D‐Minn.) and John Kasich (R‐Ohio), the plan called for additional cuts of $103 billion in federal spending over 5 years. The proposal was an amendment to HR3400, Clinton's spending‐reduction bill, which would cut federal spending by over $11 billion in the next 5 years. HR3400 was passed by the House during the same vote.In addition to savings from President Clinton's plan to reduce the federal work force by 252,000, the Penny‐Kasich amendment offered ninety proposals to cut federal spending. One of the major policy changes called for was the merging of the Departments of Energy and Commerce, NASA, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Science and Technology Policy into a new Department of Science. This consolidation, said the plan's sponsors, “could result in $1 billion of reduced spending due to administrative consolidation and elimination of programmatic duplication.”
Senate subcommittee examines NASA's identity crisis
Authors: Leath Audrey T. 
Published: October 2006

With the Cold War fading into history, economic competitiveness becoming the watchwords of the decade, and the space race against the Russians turning into probable cooperation, NASA is struggling to redefine its role. On November 16, the Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space invited NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin, Martin Marietta CEO Norman Augustine, and Robert Frosch of Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government to offer their thoughts on NASA's plans, priorities, and budgetary difficulties.Augustine, who chaired the Committee on the Future of the U.S. Space Program in 1990, posed two questions: What does America want its space program to be, and can the country afford to pay for the program it wants? He stated bluntly that if the answers were incompatible, “we are unlikely to have a satisfactory program.”
Renewable Natural Resources Foundation awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Renewable Natural Resources Foundation has announced that Marion Clawson is the recipient of its 1993 Sustained Achievement Award. The Foundation also announced the winner of its 1993 Outstanding Achievement Award, the Illinois Rivers Project.The RNRF was established in 1972 to foster cooperation among professional, scientific, and educational organizations that focus on renewable natural resources. AGU is one of the eighteen RNRF member organizations.
Oxygen loss in biosphere 2
Authors: Severinghaus Jeffrey P. , Broecker Wallace S. , Dempster William F. , MacCallum Taber , Wahlen Martin 
Published: October 2006

Oxygen concentrations have dropped sharply in the air of “Biosphere 2,” an enclosed experimental ecosystem located in southern Arizona. Biosphere 2 is a 3.15‐acre airtight structure roofed in glass and underlain by an impermeable liner. It houses an artificial ecosystem containing soil, air, water, flora, and fauna and was built primarily as an apparatus for the experimental investigation of biogeochemical cycles, whole ecosystems, and life‐support systems for space habitation [see Nelson et al., 1993].O2 in Biosphere 2 decreased during the first 16 months of closure from the ambient 21% to 14%, enough to cause health problems in the human occupants. We present evidence that the O2 loss is caused by microbial respiration of the excessive amount of organic matter incorporated into the experiment's soils and furthermore, that the respired CO2 is reacting with the structure's concrete to form calcium carbonate.
CDs with satellite images available
Authors: Flament P. , Bernstein R. 
Published: October 2006

Images from the GMS‐4 geostationary satellite operated by Japan are now available on a pair of CD‐ROMs in the form of compressed PostScript files. At ~140°E, the GMS‐4 is optimally placed to observe the western Pacific. Its Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer scans the Earth hourly at 1.25‐km resolution in the visible and 5.0‐km in the thermal infrared.The telemetry from the GMS‐4 was captured in Hawaii during the TOGA Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Experiment from November 1992 to March 1993. The CD images will be useful in finding relationships between events in a survey or a time series and the general weather patterns in the vicinity of sampling platforms. Quantities that can be estimated include reflected short wave and outgoing long wave radiations, tropospheric winds, surface roughness, and rainfall. Since the images have been remapped to a common geographic grid, temporal statistics should be especially easy to construct.
1993 in review: Science policy developments
Authors: Jones Richard M. , Mockler Susan Bucci 
Published: October 2006

Looking back over 1993, here are some of the major policy developments affecting the geophysical sciences community:JANUARY: John Gibbons confirmed as Office of Science and Technology Policy director and President Clinton's science advisor… Walter Massey resigns as National Science Foundation director… Hazel O'Leary becomes Department of Energy secretary … House Science, Space and Technology Committee is reorganized, reducing its six subcommittees to five… NSF's Division of Polar Programs elevated to the Office of Polar Programs, now a part of the Office of the Director… Bruce Babbitt confirmed as Secretary of the Interior.
National Science Foundation
Authors: White M. Catherine 
Published: October 2006

Considering the current budget crunch, NSF will see a large increase in fiscal year 1995. Its budget request is $3.2 billion, an increase of 6% over the 1994 level of $3.0 billion. The increase reflects the administration's emphasis on science and technology.This total includes $2.3 billion for Research and Related Activities, an increase of 8.3% over the 1995 level. These funds focus on strengthening the nation's scientific, mathematics, and engineering research enterprise. One of these activities, the U.S. Global Change Research Program, which is funded by several federal agencies, will receive an increase of 46.2% from NSF, raising NSF%s 1995 contribution to this project to $207 million. The program received only $141.9 million from NSF in 1994. NSF's contribution to the High Performance Computing and Communications initiative, another multiagency program, increases by 25.4%, raising its contribution to $328 million.
NSF's mission is broad
Authors: Williams Luther S. 
Published: October 2006

The December 21, 1993, issue of Eos contains a Forum article written by Mark Chandler and Mark Hopper in which they “hope that NSF is careful not to break down the barriers at the entrance to science education while, at the same time, adding to or ignoring barriers that sit at the entrance to scientific careers in research and development.” The authors went on to express the opinion that “If more young people enter into scientific disciplines and there is not a corresponding increase in funding and/or job opportunities, very few of the new scientists will be capable of maintaining their careers once educated.”I appreciate their comments, because they give me the opportunity to address the role colleges and universities and science education must play in our nation's future development.
NSF to fund special Northridge earthquake study
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Northridge earthquake of January 17, 1994, had a serious impact on southern California and the nation. H.R. 3759 makes available a $15 million emergency supplemental appropriation to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to study the earthquake.The appropriation is intended to increase the scientific understanding of earthquakes and to assess and make recommendations for improving seismic safety throughout the nation based on lessons learned from this disaster.
Revision of the AGU index set
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce 
Published: October 2006

The AGU Index Set (or “GAP” terms for “Geophysical Abstracts in Press” terms) is used for classification of subjects covered by AGU. This index set has not been revised or altered since 1982.The science itself of course has changed significantly in that period. Some areas of specializations have been less active than before, while others have increased in relative importance. New areas of research have also arisen.
Meteosat‐6 experiences anomaly
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Following a successful launch on November 20, 1993, the European Space Agency's Meteosat‐6 satellite began to experience an anomaly in the functioning of its radiometer, which affects the spacecraft's full operational capabilities.The anomaly was discovered in December during quality checks of the infrared images. The reasons for the anomaly are now being investigated by a task force consisting of ESA and industry personnel.
Cosmic dust connection course offered
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The third course of the International School of Space Chemistry, “The Cosmic Dust Connection,” will be offered in Erice, Italy, from June 6 to 17.The purpose of this course is to follow the evolution of solid particles in interstellar clouds and to show how they subsequently may be traced to comets, asteroids, meteorites and interplanetary particles. The role dust can play in astrochemistry is investigated with observational, theoretical, and experimental techniques. Advanced laboratory techniques for the study of meteorites and interplanetary particles are to be stressed.
Geodesy and geomatics added to department name
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The name of the University of New Brunswick's Department of Surveying Engineering has changed to the Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering.Geomatics is a newly coined term for the multitude of engineering fields into which traditional surveying and mapping has developed: geodetic surveying; property and boundary surveying; ocean mapping; remote sensing; geographical information gathering, storage, display, and dissemination; cartography and map making; mining surveying; photogrammetry; and digital mapping.
Jakosky named Editor of JGR—Planets
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Bruce M. Jakosky of the University of Colorado, Boulder, has been named editor of the Journal of Geophysical Research—Planets for a term extending through the end of 1998. He succeeds Clark Chapman of the Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Ariz. The transition will begin late this summer.Jakosky's goal as editor will be to ensure the continued success of the journal as a first‐rate place to publish major new results in all aspects of planetary sciences. Noting that the planets section of the journal has only been in existence for 3 years, Jakosky attributes its success to “the value that the planetary science community places in interactions with other areas of geophysics.” AGU's planetology section and JGR—Planets are in a special place, he says, because the planetary topics overlap with the science in AGU sections and that published in other sections of JGR. “This reflects the interdisciplinary nature of planetary science and of geophysics as a whole. There must be a good relationship with the journals and scientists working in the areas of overlap, such as tectonics or solar wind interactions. The journal should ultimately reflect the interdisciplinary nature of the field.”