bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic sustained hypoxia alters the pattern of diaphragm electrical activity in anaesthetized rats
Authors: Khalilpour Jamal , Alipour Mohammad Reza , Shahabi Parviz 
Published: February 2025

AbstractChronic sustained hypoxia (CSH) is known to induce functional and structural changes in the respiratory system. The diaphragm, as the main inspiratory muscle of mammals, is particularly important in the neuromotor regulation of respiration. Diaphragm electromyography (dEMG) records the sum of motor unit action potentials (MUAP) and provides information regarding motor unit recruitment and frequency coding during muscle contraction. We aimed to assess changes in dEMG activity following CSH. Herein, eight male Wistar rats (2–3 months) were subjected to CSH (10 ± 0.5% O2) for 10 successive days. In vivo dEMG recording was employed to assess changes in the diaphragm electrical activity. Filtered and rectified dEMGs were used for further analyses. Findings showed that CSH for 10 consecutive days significantly changed the pattern of dEMG signals. The slope of the rising phase of RMS‐enveloped dEMG bursts was much steeper in CSH rats compared to normoxic control rats (rise time: 373 vs. 286 ms; P = 0.005). Burst frequency significantly decreased following CSH (59 vs. 42 bursts/min; P = 0.0001), which was associated with a significant increase in burst amplitude (P = 0.039) and inter‐burst duration (0.65 vs. 0.88 s; P = 0.041). Power spectral density analyses showed that the mean frequency (293 vs. 266 Hz; P = 0.033) and high‐frequency to low‐frequency power ratio (P = 0.009) of dEMG signals significantly declined in CSH rats. Notably, the regularity of frequency and amplitude of dEMG signals did not change significantly following CSH.
Bi-suirface Induction in Biomimetic Multi-Gradient Foam-Filled Tubes with Enhanced Energy Absorption: Theory, Experiment, and Simulation
Authors: Wu Xiwei , Guo Haoyuan , Zhang Jianxun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The axial compressive deformed configurations of traditional and lightweight energy absorption thin-walled tubes are uncontrollable, while the introduction of internal and external induction grooves can control the deformed configuration at predetermined intervals to improve the stability of axial collapse. Thus, by introducing induction grooves and the concept of gradient into the design of energy-absorbing structures, an efficient energy absorber consisting of biomimetic foam-filled diameter-gradient tube with internal and external gradient induction grooves (FD-GIG Tube) is proposed. The axial compressive experiments of the FD-GIG Tubes filled with density uniform foam are carried out, and the deformation-related failure modes are clearly observed. An analytical model for axial crushing behaviour of a FD-GIG Tube filled with density gradient foam is established. The axial crushing behaviour of FD-GIG Tube filled with density gradient foam is analytically and numerically studied. The analytical average force-displacement curves of FD-GIG Tubes filled with density gradient / uniform foam, match well with experimental and numerical results. Increasing cone angle, density gradient factor, induction groove height factor and induction groove depth factor can all effectively increase the specific energy absorption (SEA) of the FD-GIG Tube up to 81.8% maximum.
mSphere of Influence: The maternal gut–mammary axis and its role in shaping neonatal health
Authors: Langel Stephanie N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Stephanie Langel works in the field of breast milk immunity and maternal-neonatal health. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how three pivotal papers—Roux et al. (J Exp Med 146:1311–1322, 1977,
https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.146.5.1311
), Wilson and Butcher (J Exp Med 200:805–809, 2004,
https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20041069
), and Rogier et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111:3074–3079, 2014,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1315792111
)—made an impact on her by uncovering the critical pathways and mechanisms through which gut-derived IgA-secreting cells migrate to the mammary gland and secrete antibodies against intestinal microbes. These foundational studies shaped her understanding of the gut–mammary axis and continue to inspire her research aimed at advancing maternal and neonatal health through breast milk immunology.
mSphere of Influence:
Trypanosoma cruzi
genome in 3D action
Authors: Berná Luisa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Luisa Berná works in the field of comparative and evolutionary genomics in unicellular eukaryotes. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how advances in three-dimensional genome organization have reshaped our understanding of parasite biology. She discusses how recent findings uncover the distinctiveness of the three-dimensional architecture of
Trypanosoma cruzi’
s genome and its functional implications. Berná argues that integrating structural genomics into parasite research is essential for advancing our understanding of genome organization and its role in shaping parasite biology, particularly in the context of neglected tropical diseases.
GrcC1 mediates low-level resistance to multiple drugs in
M. marinum
,
M. abscessus,
and
M. smegmatis
Authors: Fang Cuiting , Zhang Han , He Jing , Tian Xirong , Zeng Sanshan , Han Xingli , Wang Shuai , Yusuf Buhari , Hu Jinxing , Zhong Nanshan , Gao Yamin , Hameed H. M. Adnan , Zhang Tianyu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The escalating threat of mycobacterial infectious diseases, particularly those caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), poses a serious challenge to public health. Linezolid (LZD), an oxazolidinone antimicrobial, exhibits potent activity against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and NTM. Generally, mutations in the
rrl
and
rplC
genes are widely associated with resistance to LZD. However, in this study, we screened
Mycobacterium marinum
strains lacking such mutations, indicating the presence of an alternative resistance mechanism. Notably, through whole-genome sequencing, we identified a novel mutation C395T in the
MMAR_0911
(
grcC1
) gene that has never been linked to drug resistance. This mutation leads to an A132V substitution in the encoded protein, a polyprenyl diphosphate synthase potentially involved in the synthesis of cell wall components and menaquinones. We found that the overexpression of
grcC1
caused resistance to multiple drugs including LZD, clarithromycin (CLR), vancomycin (VAN), clofazimine (CFZ), rifampicin (RIF), cefoxitin (CEF), levofloxacin (LEV), and moxifloxacin (MXF) and reduced cell wall permeability, while the silence and knockout of
grcC1
showed increased cell wall permeability and susceptibility to these drugs. Using CRISPR/Cpf1-assisted gene editing, we confirmed that the A132V mutation conferred low-level resistance to the aforementioned drugs in
Mycobacterium abscessus
and
Mycobacterium smegmatis
. Furthermore, thin-layer chromatography analysis indicated reduced glycolipid polarity in the
grcC1
mutant strains, suggesting an impact on the cell envelope integrity. Our findings suggest that GrcC1 contributes to low-level drug resistance in mycobacteria by potentially reducing cell wall permeability, highlighting its potential as a novel target for antimicrobial agents and as a diagnostic marker.

IMPORTANCE

Our study uncovers a novel drug resistance mechanism in mycobacteria, focusing on the previously uncharacterized
grcC1
gene. We identified a new mutation, A132V, in GrcC1, which is involved in cell wall component synthesis and menaquinone production. This mutation contributes to low-level resistance not only to linezolid but also to a broad range of drugs, including clarithromycin, vancomycin, and rifampicin. Through advanced techniques like CRISPR interference and gene editing, we demonstrated that GrcC1 plays a critical role in drug susceptibility and cell wall permeability across multiple
Mycobacterium
species. These findings represent the first connection between GrcC1 and drug resistance, offering new insights into combating infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Our work highlights the potential of GrcC1 as a target for novel therapeutic approaches and as a diagnostic marker for drug-resistant NTM infections.
Identification of
Escherichia coli
166 isolate as an effective inhibitor of African swine fever virus replication
Authors: Zhang Jinya , Cui Hongyu , Zhang Zhenjiang , Wang Wenqing , Jiang Fengwei , Sun Encheng , Zhu Yuanmao , Li Fang , Bu Zhigao , Zhao Dongming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

African swine fever is a lethal disease with mortality rates approaching 100% in both domestic pigs and wild boars. With no effective vaccines or treatments available, there is an urgent need for new biologics to combat the African swine fever virus (ASFV). In this study, we isolated bacteria from the intestinal contents of wild boar using culture-based methods and identified them through 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. These isolates underwent high-throughput screening to evaluate their immunomodulatory effects on J774-Dual cells and their ability to inhibit ASFV replication
in vitro
. Among them, an
Escherichia coli
strain, designated as
E. coli
166, exhibited strong inhibitory effects on various ASFV strains’ replication, including three genotype II strains: virulent strain HLJ/18, moderately virulent strain HLJ/HRB1/20, genetically modified low-virulent strain HLJ/18–6GD, and one genotype I low-virulent strain SD/DY-I/21. Notably, this inhibition did not require direct interaction between the bacteria and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Both live and heat-inactivated
E. coli
166 demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect on ASFV replication. Genetic modification of
E. coli
166 did not alter its inhibitory phenotype. Further analysis revealed that PAMs pretreated with
E. coli
166 showed upregulation of NF-κB and downregulation of CD163 at different time points post-infection, whereas PAMs only infected with ASFV exhibited the opposite trend. These findings suggest that
E. coli
166 holds promise as a biological agent for controlling ASFV infection, through indirect mechanisms involving bacterial metabolites or lysis products. Future studies should focus on identifying the specific components responsible for its antiviral effects.

IMPORTANCE

The emergence of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) as a devastating pathogen in swine populations necessitates the development of novel strategies for its control. In this study,
Escherichia coli
strain 166 (
E. coli
166) demonstrated a remarkable ability to inhibit the replication of multiple ASFV strains in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), even without direct bacterial contact. Both live and heat-inactivated
E. coli
166 retained this inhibitory effect, suggesting that secreted metabolites or lysis products may play a key role. Furthermore, pretreatment of PAMs with
E. coli
166 resulted in upregulated NF-κB activity and downregulated expression of the ASFV entry receptor CD163, presenting an immune-modulatory mechanism distinct from PAMs solely infected with ASFV. These findings highlight the potential of
E. coli
166 as a biological agent to combat ASFV, offering a promising alternative or complementary approach to traditional antiviral strategies.
Impact of postpartum physical activity on maternal sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jones Paris A T , Ruchat Stephanie-May , Khan-Afridi Zain , Ali Muhammad Usman , Matenchuk Brittany A , Leonard Sierra , Jantz Andrew WE , Vander Leek Kier , Maier Lauren , Osachoff Laura , Hayman Melanie J , Forte Milena , Sivak Allison , Davenport Margie H 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between postpartum physical activity and maternal sleep.DesignSystematic review with random-effects meta-analysis. Online databases were searched through 20 January 2025.Study eligibility criteriaStudies of all designs (except case studies and reviews) in all languages were eligible if they contained information on the population (individuals up to 1 year post partum); interventions/exposures (including subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone (‘exercise only’) or in combination with other intervention components (eg, dietary; ‘exercise+co-intervention’)); comparator (low volume or no physical activity) and outcomes: sleep duration, quality, latency, efficiency, disturbance and fatigue.Results12 unique studies (n=3096) from nine countries were included. Moderate certainty of evidence showed that exercise-only interventions were associated with a greater improvement in sleep quality (five randomised controlled trials (RCTs), n=375, standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.44, 95% CI −0.79 to –0.09) compared with no exercise. High certainty of evidence showed that exercise interventions were associated with a greater improvement in daytime/general fatigue (six RCTs, n=535, SMD −0.56, 95% CI −1.06 to –0.05) compared with no exercise. No effect was found for sleep duration, latency, efficiency, or disturbance.ConclusionPostpartum physical activity improves maternal sleep quality and daytime/general fatigue.
Long-term outcomes of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in women with personal history of breast cancer
Authors: Hassan Hend , Rahman Tameera , Bacon Andrew , Knott Craig , Allen Isaac , Huntley Catherine , Loong Lucy , Walburga Yvonne , Morris Eva , Hardy Steven , Torr Bethany , Eccles Diana M , Turnbull Clare , Tischkowitz Marc , Pharoah Paul , Antoniou Antonis C 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) and long-term health outcomes in women with a personal history of breast cancer.Methods and analysisWe used data on women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1995 and 2019 from the National Cancer Registration Dataset (NCRD) in England. The data were linked to the Hospital Episode Statistics-Admitted Patient Care dataset to identify BSO delivery. Long-term health outcomes were selected from both datasets. Multivariable Cox regression was used to examine the associations, with BSO modelled as a time-dependent covariate. The associations were investigated separately by age at BSO.ResultsWe identified 568 883 women, 23 401 of whom had BSO after the breast cancer diagnosis. There was an increased risk of total cardiovascular diseases with an HR of 1.10 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.16) in women who had BSO<55 years and 1.07 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.13) for women who had BSO≥55 years. There was an increased risk of ischaemic heart diseases, but there was no association with cerebrovascular diseases. BSO at any age was associated with an increased risk of depression (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.28) and increased risk of second non-breast cancer in older women (HR 1.21, 95%CI 1.08 to 1.35). BSO in older women was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87 to 096), but not in women who had BSO<55 years.ConclusionIn women with a personal history of breast cancer, BSO before and after the age of 55 years is associated with an increased risk of long-term outcomes. BSO after 55 years is associated with reduced all-cause mortality. Family history or genetic predisposition may confound these associations.
Narrative enhancement and cognitive therapy for self-stigma among youth with bipolar disorder or multiple mental health conditions: protocol for a pilot randomised basket trial
Authors: Hawke Lisa D , Husain Muhammad Ishrat , Amartey Abigail , Ma Clement , Osuch Elizabeth , Yanos Philip T , Gallagher Louise , Jordan Adam , Orson Joshua , Lee Alina , Kozloff Nicole , Kidd Sean A , Goldstein Benjamin I , Sheikhan Natasha Y , Ortiz Abigail , Szatmari Peter 
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Self-stigma occurs when individuals internalise negative stereotypes about their mental health conditions. Self-stigma is common among those with serious mental illnesses, including youth, and is considered a major barrier to recovery through its impact on hope, self-esteem and self-identity. This patient-oriented protocol aims to assess the feasibility of conducting a future full-scale randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a youth-oriented adaptation of narrative enhancement and cognitive therapy for self-stigma among youth (NECT-Y).

Methods and analysis
This is a two-site, two-arm pilot basket RCT with 1:1 randomisation to NECT-Y or treatment as usual (TAU). Participants are youth, ages 16–29 diagnosed with bipolar disorder, any subtype (Basket 1) or with any two or more mental health conditions (Basket 2). After informed consent, we will conduct baseline assessments and randomisation, then either a 14-week NECT-Y group intervention or TAU. Diagnostic interviews will be used to confirm diagnosis at baseline. A range of self-report questionnaires will be administered at baseline, post-treatment and 3 month follow-up. The primary outcome is feasibility as indicated by the achievement of recruitment goals, retention and adherence, intervention fidelity and the absence of serious adverse events. Secondary outcomes include acceptability and the intervention’s impact on self-stigma, wellness, symptomatology, treatment-seeking attitudes and other related constructs. A youth advisory group is informing all stages of the study process.

Ethics and dissemination
The Research Ethics Board for Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (#062/2024) has approved this study protocol. Ethics is also approved at London Health Sciences Centre (Western Health Sciences Research Ethics Board (HSREB) #125812). Results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences. Summaries will be provided to the funders of the study, as well as to lay audiences, including study participants.

Trial registration number

NCT06672562
.
Barriers and enablers to pharmacist involvement in social prescribing: a protocol for a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Bundele Anjali , Low Joshua , Mukhopadhyay Amartya 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionSocial prescribing is an innovative approach to healthcare that involves referring patients to non-medical services and activities in the community to improve health and well-being. Pharmacists are well-positioned to contribute to social prescribing initiatives given their accessibility and expertise, but their involvement remains limited. Qualitative studies have explored pharmacists’ perspectives and experiences regarding social prescribing, but their findings have not been systematically synthesised. This protocol outlines a systematic review of qualitative studies to identify and synthesise the barriers and enablers influencing pharmacist involvement in social prescribing.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus) and grey literature sources for qualitative studies published in English from each database inception to January 2025 that explore barriers and facilitators to pharmacist involvement in social prescribing. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full texts for eligibility based on predefined criteria. Eligible studies will include those that use qualitative methods (eg, interviews, focus groups, observations) to explore the perspectives of pharmacists on factors influencing their involvement in social prescribing initiatives. Data will be extracted using a standardised form and synthesised using thematic analysis. The methodological quality of included studies will be appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist. Confidence in the review findings will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research approach.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as this study will merely synthesise data from published studies. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications as well as conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024600968.
Rehabilitation interventions and outcomes for post-COVID condition: a scoping review
Authors: Saunders Emily G , Pouliopoulou Dimitra V , Miller Erin , Billias Nicole , MacDermid Joy C , Brunton Laura , Pereira Tiago V , Quinn Kieran L , Bobos Pavlos 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveSeveral rehabilitation interventions have been proposed to support people with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). However, the full spectrum of these interventions remains unclear, partly due to the complexity of PCC, which encompasses a broad range of symptoms affecting multiple organ systems and health domains. This scoping review aimed to identify the available rehabilitation interventions for PCC and the outcome measures used to evaluate them, to facilitate the development of multifaceted interventions and improve patient care.MethodsFollowing the Joanna Briggs Institute Framework, we searched CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CENTRAL and Scopus databases from inception to 22 January 2024 for experimental and observational studies investigating rehabilitation interventions for adults with PCC. Interventions and their corresponding outcome measures were synthesised based on targeted outcomes aligned with the most common manifestations of PCC. The quality of intervention reporting was assessed using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist.ResultsWe identified 74 studies; 28 randomised trials (37.8%) and 46 observational and quasi-experimental designs (62.2%). Most interventions consisted of different combinations of education, exercises and therapies to manage dyspnoea, fatigue and psychological symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. Few studies addressed postexertional malaise, cognitive function, memory, balance and coordination. At least half of the included studies required a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection for participant inclusion. Reporting on adherence rates was limited, and 65% of the studies did not report adverse events.ConclusionThere is a need for more comprehensive and inclusive approaches that address the full spectrum of PCC symptomatology to improve patient care and enhance the reproducibility of future studies.