bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy-based modeling of rate-independent hysteresis and viscoelastic effects in dielectric elastomer actuators
Authors: Rizzello Gianluca 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Dielectric elastomer (DE) transducers are known to exhibit a rate-dependent hysteresis in their force-displacement response, which is commonly attributed to the viscoelastic behavior of elastomer materials and compliant electrodes. In the case of DE materials characterized by low mechanical losses, such as silicone, the mechanical hysteresis often turns out to be practically rate-independent in the low frequency range (sub-Hz), whereas rate-dependent hysteretic effects only become relevant at higher deformation rates. Most of the existing literature focuses on describing DE hysteretic losses using viscoelasticity theory. This approach results in relatively simple dynamic models, which are not capable of describing rate-independent hysteretic behaviors. In this work, we propose a control-oriented modeling framework for both rate-dependent and rate-dependent hysteresis occurring in uniaxially loaded DE actuators. To this end, classic thermodinamically-consistent modeling approaches for DEs are combined with a new energy-based Maxwell-Lion formalization of the hysteretic losses. The resulting dynamic model comprises a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and is capable of simultaneously describe geometric dependencies, large deformation nonlinearities, electro-mechanical coupling, and rate-independent and rate-dependent hysteretic effects. To deal with the large number of involved parameters, a novel systematic identification algorithm based on quadratic programming is also proposed. After presenting the theory, the model is validated based on experiments conducted on a silicone-based rolled DE actuator. Its superiority compared to classic DE viscoelastic models is quantitatively assessed.
A novel variable stiffness soft gripper based on air-quicksand: design, analysis, and validation
Authors: Weirui Liu , Jingrun Zhao , Hui Yang , Xingjun Gao , Jiaqi Liu , Wenbo Liu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a novel variable stiffness soft gripper based on the principle of air-quicksand to enhance both the grasping stability and load-bearing capacity. The design, fabrication, and testing experiments of the soft grippers were performed. The soft finger is composed of a variable stiffness layer and a pneumatically driven layer with variable height chambers. The concept behind the variable stiffness layer lies in the fact that when the chamber is filled with air, it forms a suspended quicksand configuration through laminar flow and turbulence. This arrangement increases the spacing between sand particles, leading to reduced friction. Moreover, the stiffness and hardness of the soft finger can be controlled by adjusting the pressure. To improve the grasping stability, the variable height chambers were designed to provide power, which also increased the contact area. Experimental results demonstrate that the variable stiffness layer can be softened when in contact with fragile objects, thus protecting the surface without causing any damage. The stiffness increases to provide sufficient grasping force for holding objects firmly after the inflation is stopped. The exceptional performance exhibited by this gripper design holds significant potential for various applications, such as industrial sorting and fruit picking.
A smart structural optimization method of magnetorheological damper for ultra-precision machine tool
Authors: Wang Qiyu , Shen Yurui , Li Weihua , Liu Xinhua , Gołdasz Janusz , Deng Lei , Królczyk Grzegorz , Li Zhixiong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To address the problem of multi-source vibration in ultra-precision machine tools, a vibration reduction stand was designed by replacing passive damping components with magnetorheological dampers (MRDs). In this work, the structural parameters of MRDs were optimized using an improved pelican optimization algorithm (IPOA) to realize the maximum capability in reducing vibration. Firstly, the working principle of MRDs was explained, and the mathematical models of MRDs were established. Then, an IPOA based on singer chaotic mapping, nonlinear inertia weight factor, and Cauchy mutation strategy was proposed to enhance the global search capability and convergence efficiency of the algorithm. Subsequently, the IPOA was applied to optimize key structural parameters of MRDs, including output damping force, controllable damping range, response time, and power consumption. Finally, COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by comparing the magnetic induction intensity distribution of MRDs before and after optimization, as well as the variation of the four performance indexes under the different applied currents. After being optimized using the proposed IPOA, the MRDs can deliver a larger maximum damping force and a wider damping controllable range, with less power consumption and quick response, which could meet the requirement for vibration suppression of ultra-precision machine tools.
Target search in the CRISPR/Cas9 system: facilitated diffusion with target cues
Authors: Lu (路桥) Qiao , Pigolotti Simone 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study how Cas9, a central component of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, searches for a target sequence on the DNA. We propose a model that includes as key ingredients 3D diffusion, 1D sliding along the DNA, and the effect of short binding sequences preceding the target (protospacer adjacent motifs—PAMs). This last aspect constitutes the main difference with traditional facilitated diffusion of transcription factors. We solve our model, obtaining an expression for the average search time of Cas9 for its target. We find that experimentally measured kinetic parameters are close to the values yielding an optimal search time. Our results rationalize the role of PAMs in guiding the search process, and show that Cas9 searches for its targets in a nearly optimal way.
Optimal quantum control of charging quantum batteries
Authors: Rodríguez R R , Ahmadi B , Suárez G , Mazurek P , Barzanjeh S , Horodecki P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Quantum control allows us to address the problem of engineering quantum dynamics for special purposes. While recently the field of quantum batteries has attracted much attention, optimization of their charging has not benefited from the quantum control methods. Here we fill this gap by using an optimization method. We apply for the first time the convergent iterative method for the control of the population of a bipartite quantum system in two cases, starting with a qubit-qubit case. The quantum charger-battery system is considered here, where the energy is pumped into the charger by an external classical electromagnetic field. Secondly, we systematically extend our investigation to a second case involving two harmonic oscillators in the Gaussian regime, presenting an original formulation of the method. In both cases, the charger is considered to be an open dissipative system, as its interaction with the drive may require a more pronounced exposure to general interaction with environment. A key consideration in our optimization strategy is the practical concern of turning the charging external field on and off. We find that optimizing the pulse shape yields a substantial enhancement in both the power and efficiency of the charging process compared to a sinusoidal drive. The harmonic oscillator configuration of quantum batteries is particularly intriguing, as the optimal driving pulse remains effective regardless of the environmental temperature. This study introduces a novel approach to quantum battery charging optimization, opening avenues for enhanced performance in real-world applications.
q-Deformed quantum mechanics related to the Tamm-Dancoff oscillator algebra and some physical applications
Authors: Chung W S , Algin A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a system of the q-deformed bosonic Tamm-Dancoff oscillators, whose spectrum has some exponential cutoff factors at high energies. We first investigate the q-calculus in the Tamm-Dancoff (TD) boson algebra, and within this framework, the q-derivative, q-integral and q-exponential function are introduced. Using these properties, we construct a new formalism for the q-deformed quantum mechanics, which accordingly involve the q-adjoint operator and the q-Hermitian operator properties. We then derive the q-deformed Heisenberg relation, and develop the q-Hermitian momentum operator. The q-deformed Schrödinger equation is introduced, and as applications, we study the momentum eigenfunction and one-dimensional box problem. Another application of the TD type deformation onto lattice oscillations is also discussed through a model of the q-deformed Debye solid. Finally, other potential applications of the TD-oscillators gas model are concisely pointed out.
The impact of anisotropy on neutron star properties: insights from 𝖨–𝖿–𝖢 universal relations
Authors: Mohanty Sailesh Ranjan , Ghosh Sayantan , Routaray Pinku , Das H.C. , Kumar Bharat 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Anisotropy in pressure within a star emerges from exotic internal processes. In this study, we incorporate pressure anisotropy using the Quasi-Local model. Macroscopic properties, including mass (M), radius (R), compactness (C), dimensionless tidal deformability (Λ), the moment of inertia (I), and oscillation frequency (f), are explored for the anisotropic neutron star. Magnitudes of these properties are notably influenced by anisotropy degree. Universal I–f–C relations for anisotropic stars are explored in this study. The analysis encompasses various EOS types, spanning from relativistic to non-relativistic regimes. Results show the relation becomes robust for positive anisotropy, weakening with negative anisotropy. The distribution of f-mode across M–R parameter space as obtained with the help of C–f relation was analyzed for different anisotropic cases. Using tidal deformability data from GW170817 and GW190814 events, a theoretical limit for canonical f-mode frequency is established for isotropic and anisotropic neutron stars. For isotropic case, canonical f-mode frequency for GW170817 event is f
1.4 = 2.606+0.457
-0.484kHz; for GW190814 event, it is f
1.4 = 2.097+0.124
-0.149kHz. These relationships can serve as reliable tools for constraining nuclear matter EOS when relevant observables are measured.
Energy-dependent flavour ratios in neutrino telescopes from charm
Authors: Bhattacharya Atri , Enberg Rikard , Reno Mary Hall , Sarcevic Ina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The origin of the observed diffuse neutrino flux is not yet known.
Studies of the relative flavour content of the neutrino flux detected at Earth
can give information on the production mechanisms at the sources and on flavour
mixing, complementary to measurements of the spectral index and normalization.
Here we demonstrate the effects of neutrino fluxes with different spectral
shapes and different initial flavour compositions dominating at different
energies, and we study the sensitivity of future measurements with the IceCube
Neutrino Observatory. Where one kind of flux gives way to another, this shows
up as a non-trivial energy dependence in the flavour compositions. We explore
this in the context of slow-jet supernovae and magnetar-driven supernovae — two
examples of astrophysical sources where charm production may be effective.
Using current best-fit neutrino mixing parameters and the projected 2040
IceCube uncertainties, we use event ratios of different event morphologies at
IceCube to illustrate the possibilities of distinguishing the energy dependence
of neutrino flavour ratios.
Hysteresis phenomenon in single electron nonlinear Thomson scattering in tightly focused linearly polarized lasers caused by collision position changes
Authors: Zeng Mingjing , Zhang Yangyi , Chang Yifan , Yu Zekai , Tian Youwei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The collision between high-energy electrons and linearly polarized laser pulses is systematically studied, which has significant application value. The effect of different laser parameters on the spectrum and power angular distribution has been analyzed. The maximum transverse amplitude of the electron motion track changes as one moves farther away from the focal point acting as the electronic initial position. Concurrently, an extensive examination of the off-axis properties of the electron is carried out. As the form of scattering changes from linear to nonlinear, the angular radiation of its power distribution exhibits intriguing characteristics. We found the ‘hysteresis’ phenomenon of the radiation characteristics. Our research can serve as a useful resource for comprehending and using laser electron interactions.
Goos–Hänchen shifts in a V-type three-level atomic system interacting with squeezed vacuum
Authors: Zeng HaiPeng , Ma Aijie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study explores the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift phenomenon within a cavity hosting a V-type three-level atomic system, engaged with two independent broadband squeezed baths. Our exploration encompasses a thorough analysis of the lateral shifts in both reflected and transmitted light beams, with a focus on the impact of critical factors, i.e, coupling field strength, incoherent pumping field strength, and squeezed vacuum intensity. Our results reveal an interplay of these parameters, resulting in distinctive negative and positive GH shifts in both reflected and transmitted light. In addition, a remarkable enhancement of GH shifts at specific angles of incidence is observed, presenting a wide-ranging modulation across diverse system parameters. This study not only enriches the understanding of the GH shift in complex atomic systems but also highlights the potential for the manipulation of these lateral shifts by fine-tuning key variables of the system, and contributes valuable insights to the broader field of optical phenomena in quantum systems.
Robust optical mode converter based on topological waveguide arrays
Authors: Xu 徐 Yu-Xiang 宇翔 , Tang 唐 Wen-Jian 文剑 , Jiang 姜 Li-Wei 力炜 , Wu 吴 De-Xing 德兴 , Wang 王 Heng 恒 , Xu 许 Bing-Cong 冰聪 , Chen 陈 Lin 林 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Optical mode converters are essential for enhancing the capacity of optical communication systems. However, fabrication errors restrict the further improvement of conventional mode converters. To address this challenge, we have designed an on-chip TE0–TE1 mode converter based on topologically protected waveguide arrays. The simulation results demonstrate that the converter exhibits a mode coupling efficiency of 93.5% near 1550 nm and can tolerate a relative fabrication error of 30%. Our design approach can be extended to enhance the robustness for other integrated photonic devices, beneficial for future development of optical network systems.
Possible Habitats for NH3, NH2D, H13CN, HC15N, SO, and C18O in the Initial Conditions of High-mass Star Formation
Authors: Cui Quan-Ling , Zhang Chuan-Peng , Wang Jun-Jie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The initial condition of high-mass star formation is a complex area of study because of the high densities (

n

H

2

>

10

6

cm−3) and low temperatures (T
dust < 18 K) involved. Under such conditions, many molecules become depleted from the gas phase by freezing out onto dust grains. However, the N-bearing and deuterated species could remain gaseous under these extreme conditions, suggesting that they may serve as ideal tracers. In this paper, using the Plateau de Bure Interferometer and Very Large Array observations at 1.3 mm, 3.5 mm, and 1.3 cm, we investigate the possible habitats for NH3, NH2D, H13CN, HC15N, SO, and C18O in eight massive precluster and protocluster clumps G18.17, G18.21, G23.97N, G23.98, G23.44, G23.97S, G25.38, and G25.71. We found that the NH3 cores are in good agreement with the 3.5 mm peak emission, but the NH3 is much more extended than the 3.5 mm emission structure. The SO distributions agree well with the 3.5 mm peaks for the evolved star formation stage, but we did not detect any SO emission in the four earliest star formation sources. C18O is a poor tracer in conditions of the cold (≲18 K) and dense (≳104 cm−3) cores, e.g., the prestellar cores. We also found that the NH2D cores are mainly located in the temperature range of 13.0–20.0 K, and the NH2D lines may be strongly depleted above 20 K.
New energy transmission line fault location method based on Pearson correlation coefficient
Authors: Pan Zhongfeng , Xu Daming , Zhang Yibo , Wang Minzhen , Wang Zhuang , Yu Jiang , Zhang Guangxin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The access of new energy power source makes the traditional transmission line structure become complex, and due to the influence of power electronic device control strategy, the fault characteristics have been fundamentally changed, resulting in the traditional transmission line fault localization method can not be applied to the new energy sending line. To address the above problems, this paper analyzes the transient current characteristics of different power supply faults, and learns that there are obvious differences in the transient currents on both sides of the fault point inside and outside the transmission line area, and then proposes a new energy transmission line fault localization method based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, which determines the fault location by calculating the correlation coefficients of the fault waveforms of the neighboring monitoring points. Finally, comparative experiments are carried out under different fault types and fault locations to further verify the applicability of the proposed method.
Adaptive defogging method for transmission line inspection images based on multilayer perceptual fusion
Authors: Zhang Yilin , Yang Haiwei , Xu Yongsheng , Leng Bingbing , Wang Zeyi , Yu Honghai , Gao GuangMin , Wang Ziming , Wen Changzhe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Existing image defogging methods generally have problems such as incomplete defogging and color distortion. To address this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive defogging method for transmission line images based on multilayer perceptual fusion, which uses dynamic convolution, dense residuals, and attention mechanism to design an adaptive feature enhancement network containing six Dy-namic Residual Components (DRC) and two Dy-namic Skip-Connected Feature Fusion Component (DSCFF) composed of adaptive feature enhancement network, which prevents the problem of features being forgotten in the early stage of the network, and enhances the expressive ability of the model. For the decoding network, the de-fogging effect of the model is further strengthened by introducing a decoder module based on the SOS enhancement model, and finally, by comparing the experiments with the current de-fogging methods with more advanced performance, the results show that the method has good de-fogging effect and can retain the image details better with high color retention.
Genetic Algorithm Based on Opposite Chromosome Multiple Genetic Operations Combined with Task Load Balancing
Authors: Zhu Ying , Peng Liang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A collaborative optimization method for task allocation and path planning in multi-UAV execution of multi-objective cooperative inspection tasks is proposed. The method is based on the Opposite Genetic Algorithms (OGA), which combines the actual task completion time with the balance of UAV inspection flight time, fault downtime, and maximum-minimum time load. A Task Balancing Opposite Chromosome Multiple Mutation Operator Genetic Algorithm (TOMGA) is introduced to solve the task load balancing problem by optimizing the task allocation among multiple UAVs with time as the optimization objective. Simulation results demonstrate that, this algorithm can effectively allocate inspection tasks to UAVs and generate initial flight routes. It resolves the issue of task load imbalance, improves the rationality of task allocation, enhances convergence speed, and overcomes the problem of local optima.
Following the money: climate adaptation finance in the Marshall Islands
Authors: Incerti Nina , Barnett Jon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The significant body of research on the distribution of international finance for climate change adaptation shows that it is not well correlated to the vulnerability of countries. Vulnerability differs greatly within countries as well, yet very few studies examine subnational flows of adaptation finance. Here, we present evidence of the subnational allocation of international adaptation finance within the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). The RMI is a highly salient case as it is a small island developing state comprised solely of low-lying atolls that is both in need of and a recipient of adaptation finance. We describe patterns of adaptation finance in the RMI between 2015 and 2019 based on analysis of a comprehensive government database of bilateral and multilateral aid projects. We find that flows of adaptation finance were heavily skewed towards a small number of large-scale civil works projects in urban areas funded by multilateral institutions. Rural areas attracted smaller scale projects funded largely by bilateral donors. The overall distribution of adaptation finance across islands is highly sporadic, with hotspots of activity and areas of neglect. Our results suggest the allocation of adaptation finance to the RMI is insufficient relative to needs, poorly coordinated, and fails to reach places where it is most needed.
Enhancing biogas yield of Xyris capensis grass using different nanoparticles additive
Authors: Olatunji K O , Madyira D M , Rasmeni Z Z 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To enhance the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process of lignocellulose feedstocks, there is a need for appropriate pretreatment methods. The influence of nanoparticles additive on biogas yield of new novel Xyris capensis grass as biogas feedstock was investigated. A laboratory-batch experiment was set up at mesophilic conditions (37 ± 2° C) to study the biogas production potential of Xyris capensis, and different nanoparticles were added as a means of pretreatment. 20 mg/L of Fe3O4, 1.4 mg/L of CuO, 10 mg/L of ZnO, and 10 mg/L of MgO were added to the anaerobic digestion process, and their influence on biogas and methane yield was compared with the untreated substrate. Biogas yield of 376.67, 156.86, 175.34, 190.00, and 290.00 mL/g VSadded was recorded for Fe3O4, CuO, ZnO, MgO additives, and untreated substrate, respectively, while methane yield of 282.50, 156.86, 97.66, 116.33, and 198.51 mLCH4/g VSadded were observed, respectively. It can be observed that only 20 mg/L of Fe3O4 increased biogas and methane yields by 29.89 and 42.31%, respectively.