bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A primal–dual data-driven method for computational optical imaging with a photonic lantern
Authors: Santos Garcia Carlos , Larchevêque Mathilde , O’Sullivan Solal , Van Waerebeke Martin , Thomson Robert R , Repetti Audrey , Pesquet Jean-Christophe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Optical fibers aim to image in vivo biological processes. In this context, high spatial resolution and stability to fiber movements are key to enable decision-making processes (e.g. for microendoscopy). Recently, a single-pixel imaging technique based on a multicore fiber photonic lantern has been designed, named computational optical imaging using a lantern (COIL). A proximal algorithm based on a sparsity prior, dubbed SARA-COIL, has been further proposed to solve the associated inverse problem, to enable image reconstructions for high resolution COIL microendoscopy. In this work, we develop a data-driven approach for COIL. We replace the sparsity prior in the proximal algorithm by a learned denoiser, leading to a plug-and-play (PnP) algorithm. The resulting PnP method, based on a proximal primal–dual algorithm, enables to solve the Morozov formulation of the inverse problem. We use recent results in learning theory to train a network with desirable Lipschitz properties, and we show that the resulting primal–dual PnP algorithm converges to a solution to a monotone inclusion problem. Our simulations highlight that the proposed data-driven approach improves the reconstruction quality over variational SARA-COIL method on both simulated and real data.
Arrangers and orchestrators: the diverging role of the state in Danish and German vocational education and training
Authors: Ibsen Christian Lyhne , Thelen Kathleen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article compares the changing role of the state in initial vocational education and training (VET) in Germany and Denmark. Scholars have argued that collectivist VET systems face a stark choice between erosion through dualization or state take-over that crowds out decentralized cooperation by firms. Yet, recent work suggests that the state can revitalize the traditional firm-based system of VET through so-called state ‘orchestration’ and soft measures promoting inclusive training. Comparing Germany to Denmark, we argue that there is a second path to revitalization when the state acts as an ‘arranger’, more heavily involved in the provision and governance of VET, and using it for second-chance education. Unlike orchestration, arrangement is only possible where the state itself has achieved some independent capacity in training. We trace this divergence to small policy choices in the 1970s that have had large downstream effects on state capacity and power relations with business.
Better Regulation and the Secretariat General for Legal and Parliamentary Affairs of the Presidency of the Hellenic Government: A Considerable Work Already in Progress
Authors: Koromilas Ilias 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper article scrutinizes the initiatives for Better Regulation implemented in Greece, set against the backdrop of a globalized world that is persistently grappling with sporadic, and occasionally dramatic and chaotic, challenges. A significant proportion of these initiatives are designed to mitigate the enduring adverse effects on Greece economy, environment, and society, which are the consequences of a flawed legislative process. This process has been criticized in numerous studies and reports for its bureaucratic red tape, inefficiency, fragmentation, and lack of a culture promoting better regulation. The handbooks and methodologies examined in this article originate from the law on the Executive State and were executed under the auspices of the European Commission (DG REFORM) Technical Support Action, which was implemented by Expertise France and is titled: “Support Public Administration Reform and its Digital Transformation.” Most of these initiatives have been successfully completed and implemented, while the completion of others is imminent. In conclusion, the author suggests several additional measures for implementation, which are intended to enhance the reforms that are already in place.
Interleaving Foundational Nursing Concepts for Accelerated Nursing Students Through Gamification
Authors: Traister Tyler 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
As nursing education adapts to post-COVID learning and an ever-increasing data-connected world, interactive gaming experiences may help students retain information and encourage teamwork and critical thinking skills. This article explores the innovative use of an escape room as a means to interleave essential nursing concepts for first-semester students pursuing an accelerated bachelor's degree in nursing. The unique approach proved to be an effective and engaging way to introduce and reinforce key principles.
Discovering the Intriguing Properties of Extrasynaptic γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors
Authors: Orser Beverley A. 
Published: April 2024

Tonic inhibition in mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons is mediated by α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. By Caraiscos VB, Elliott EM, You-Ten KE, Cheng VY, Belelli D, Newell JG, Jackson MF, Lambert JJ, Rosahl TW, Wafford KA, MacDonald JF, Orser BA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:3662–7. Reprinted with permission.
In this Classic Paper Revisited, the author recounts the scientific journey leading to a report published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and shares several personal stories from her formative years and “research truths” that she has learned along the way. Briefly, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was conventionally thought to regulate cognitive processes by activating synaptic GABA type A (GABAA) receptors and generating transient inhibitory synaptic currents. However, the author’s laboratory team discovered a novel nonsynaptic form of tonic inhibition in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, mediated by extrasynaptic GABAA receptors that are pharmacologically distinct from synaptic GABAA receptors. This tonic current is highly sensitive to most general anesthetics, including sevoflurane and propofol, and likely contributes to the memory-blocking properties of these drugs. Before the publication in PNAS, the subunit composition of GABAA receptors that generate the tonic current was unknown. The team’s research showed that GABAA receptors containing the α5 subunit (α5GABAARs) generated the tonic inhibitory current in hippocampal neurons. α5GABAARs are highly sensitive to GABA, desensitize slowly, and are thus well suited for detecting low, persistent, ambient concentrations of GABA in the extracellular space. Interest in α5GABAARs has surged since the PNAS report, driven by their pivotal roles in cognitive processes and their potential as therapeutic targets for treating various neurologic disorders.
Effects of Positive End-expiratory Pressure on Pulmonary Perfusion Distribution and Intrapulmonary Shunt during One-lung Ventilation in Pigs: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Wittenstein Jakob , Scharffenberg Martin , Fröhlich Jonathan , Rothmann Carolin , Ran Xi , Zhang Yingying , Chai Yusen , Yang Xiuli , Müller Sabine , Koch Thea , Huhle Robert , Gama de Abreu Marcelo 
Published: April 2024

Background
During one-lung ventilation (OLV), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can improve lung aeration but might overdistend lung units and increase intrapulmonary shunt. The authors hypothesized that higher PEEP shifts pulmonary perfusion from the ventilated to the nonventilated lung, resulting in a U-shaped relationship with intrapulmonary shunt during OLV.

Methods
In nine anesthetized female pigs, a thoracotomy was performed and intravenous lipopolysaccharide infused to mimic the inflammatory response of thoracic surgery. Animals underwent OLV in supine position with PEEP of 0 cm H2O, 5 cm H2O, titrated to best respiratory system compliance, and 15 cm H2O (PEEP0, PEEP5, PEEPtitr, and PEEP15, respectively, 45 min each, Latin square sequence). Respiratory, hemodynamic, and gas exchange variables were measured. The distributions of perfusion and ventilation were determined by IV fluorescent microspheres and computed tomography, respectively.

Results
Compared to two-lung ventilation, the driving pressure increased with OLV, irrespective of the PEEP level. During OLV, cardiac output was lower at PEEP15 (5.5 ± 1.5 l/min) than PEEP0 (7.6 ± 3 l/min) and PEEP5 (7.4 ± 2.9 l/min; P = 0.004), while the intrapulmonary shunt was highest at PEEP0 (PEEP0: 48.1% ± 14.4%; PEEP5: 42.4% ± 14.8%; PEEPtitr: 37.8% ± 11.0%; PEEP15: 39.0% ± 10.7%; P = 0.027). The relative perfusion of the ventilated lung did not differ among PEEP levels (PEEP0: 65.0% ± 10.6%; PEEP5: 68.7% ± 8.7%; PEEPtitr: 68.2% ± 10.5%; PEEP15: 58.4% ± 12.8%; P = 0.096), but the centers of relative perfusion and ventilation in the ventilated lung shifted from ventral to dorsal and from cranial to caudal zones with increasing PEEP.

Conclusions
In this experimental model of thoracic surgery, higher PEEP during OLV did not shift the perfusion from the ventilated to the nonventilated lung, thus not increasing intrapulmonary shunt.

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Ketorolac Dosing and Outcomes in Neonates Following Congenital Heart Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kiskaddon Amy L. , Goldenberg Neil A. , Abel Trent , Fierstein Jamie L. , Khayat Delia , Quintessenza James A. , Stock Arabela C. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Pain management is essential for postoperative surgery. Given the association of opioids with adverse outcomes, interest in the use of nonopioid analgesics, such as ketorolac, has increased. Published data on use in neonates are limited.

OBJECTIVES:
To describe ketorolac dosing and safety and efficacy outcomes in the first 48 hours postcardiac surgery in neonates.

DESIGN:
We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of neonates (ages < 28 d) who received ketorolac following cardiac surgery from November 2020 to July 2023 (inclusive). The primary safety outcome was a clinically significant decline in renal function, as defined by the composite of an increase in serum creatinine by greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/dL from baseline within 96 hours of ketorolac initiation and urine output less than or equal to 0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6 hours. The secondary safety outcome was clinically significant bleeding, defined as the composite of major bleeding by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis pediatric criteria and severe/fatal bleeding by the criteria of Nellis et al (2019). Efficacy was measured by opioid utilization based on a standardized pain score-driven analgesia protocol.

INTERVENTIONS:
Ketorolac was administered at 0.5 mg/kg every 6 hours as per an institutional clinical management algorithm.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Thirty-nine patients met the eligibility criteria. The median ketorolac dose was 0.5 mg/kg/dose, and median (interquartile range [IQR]) duration of therapy was 48 hours (6–48 hr). No patients experienced a significant decline in renal function, and there were no clinically significant bleeding events. The median (IQR) IV morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs)/kg/d of opioid administration was 0.2 MME/kg/d (0.1–0.25 MME/kg/d) at the time of ketorolac initiation and 0.1 MME/kg/d (0.1–0.2 MME/kg/d) at 48 hours post-ketorolac initiation.

CONCLUSIONS:
If validated prospectively, these findings suggest that a ketorolac regimen of 0.5 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours in neonates postcardiac surgery may be safe with regard to renal function and bleeding risk. Additional randomized studies would be needed to determine efficacy with regard to opioid-sparing capacity.
Effect of Inpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Pulmonary Outcomes in Individuals With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pathare Neeti , Harrod Clark Helen , Marks Kara 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Guidelines advocate the use of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in individuals with COVID-19. However, there is a lack of concrete information on inpatient PR. Therefore, we synthesized literature on the efficacy of inpatient PR on pulmonary outcomes in individuals with COVID-19.

Methods:
Using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase, three researchers screened 474 articles for eligibility with the search terms: (covid-19 or coronavirus or 2019-ncov or sars-cov-2 or cov-19 *) AND (respiratory or pulmonary) AND (physical therapy or physiotherapy or rehabilitation). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was used. Nine articles were finalized using the inclusion criteria: diagnosis of COVID-19, age >18 years and inpatient PR. Reviewers extracted relevant information and appraised using the Robins-I tool and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.

Results:
The pooled sample consisted of 718 participants (F = 35.2%, age = 36-71 y). Study quality for non-randomized trial was moderate, while cohort studies had a mean score of 7/9. The pooled estimate showed that inpatient PR could improve the exercise capacity with clinical importance for individuals with COVID-19. Within group changes were noted in FEV1 and FVC values (n = 4) and HR-QoL (n = 3). Inpatient PR was reported to be safe (n = 4).

Conclusions:
Current review suggests that inpatient PR was safe, feasible and induced large improvements in exercise capacity in individuals with COVID-19. Given the high heterogeneity, sample sizes and quality of designs of the included studies, findings should be interpreted with caution. Our study provides valuable evidence that inpatient PR is safe and may accelerate improvement in exercise capacity in individuals with COVID-19.
Use of Imaging in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Detect High-Risk Tumor Features, Nodal Metastasis, and Distant Metastasis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Libson Karissa , Sheridan Connor , Carr David R. , Shahwan Kathryn T. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Imaging has been shown to impact management and disease outcomes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, but the literature on optimal modalities is lacking.

OBJECTIVE
To perform a systematic review evaluating the performance of various imaging studies for the detection of perineural spread, bony invasion, nodal metastasis (NM), and distant metastasis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Four databases were searched for relevant terms. Articles were included if they presented primary data on 5 or more subjects with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma who underwent imaging to detect perineural spread, bony involvement, NM, or distant metastasis.

RESULTS
Thirty studies and 1,027 subjects were included in the pooled analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging had a 94.9% sensitivity in detecting perineural spread. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a sensitivity of 75.7% and specificity of 98.6% in detecting bony invasion. While ultrasound, positron emission tomography–computed tomography, and CT all performed reasonably well in detecting NM, CT demonstrated the highest sensitivity (96.4%) and specificity (100%). Imaging changed management in up to 33% of cases.

CONCLUSION
Imaging is useful in high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging performs best in the detection of perineural spread, and CT is the most accurate modality to detect bony invasion and NM.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL RETINAL DISPLACEMENT BEFORE AND AFTER MACULAR PUCKER SURGERY
Authors: Rossi Tommaso , Querzoli Giorgio , Cosimi Pamela , Ripandelli Guido , Placentino Luca , Steel David H. , Romano Mario R. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To measure the coronal and sagittal retinal displacement before and after surgery for epiretinal membranes in InfraRed horizontal foveal sections and optical coherence tomography scans and describe displacement tridimensionality, vision loss, and metamorphopsia.

Methods:
Retrospective series with greater than 6-month average follow-up before and after surgery. The record included best-corrected visual acuity, optical coherence tomography, M-charts, and InfraRed retinography. Overall, pre- and postoperative coronal and sagittal retinal displacement across the entire field, concentric circles at 0.5-, 1.5-, and 4.5-mm radii, and the central horizontal and vertical meridian were calculated as the optical flow of consecutive images.

Results:
This study comprised 10 patients (4 men, 6 women), with 22.7 ± 25.2 months follow-up before surgery and 16.2 ± 7.3 months after. Best-corrected visual acuity reduced before surgery (0.15 ± 0.67 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution to 0.38 ± 0.85 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution; P < 0.05) and increased afterward (0.086 ± 0.61 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution; P = 0.003). Preoperative coronal displacement was 30.1 ± 29.1 µm versus 67.0 ± 23.4 µm after (P = 0.002). Sagittal retinal displacement was 140.9 ± 84.6 µm before surgery, 339.7 ± 172.5 µm after (P = 0.017), and 357.6 ± 320.8 µm across the entire follow-up. Preoperative best-corrected visual acuity decreases correlated with the foveal coronal displacement. Vertical metamorphopsia correlated with the average coronal displacement within a 4.5-mm radius. Pre- and postoperative sagittal displacement correlated with horizontal metamorphopsia (P = 0.006 and P = 0.026). Postoperative sagittal displacement correlated with postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (P = 0.026) and foveal thickness (P = 0.009).

Conclusion:
This study confirms that postoperative displacement is greater than preoperative and that sagittal displacement is greater than coronal and correlates with best-corrected visual acuity and metamorphopsia changes.
Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Intra- and Postoperative Bleeding in Eyelid Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Masked, Control Trial
Authors: Paramo Ricky , Cheng Tiffany , Malik Amina , Fan James , Barmettler Anne 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Pilot studies suggest that waiting 15 minutes after a subcutaneous tranexamic acid injection is associated with decreased intraoperative bleeding and postoperative ecchymosis in eyelid surgery. The outcomes of commencing eyelid surgery immediately after injection without a waiting period remain unexplored.

Methods:
This prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-masked, controlled study examined bilateral symmetric upper and/or lower lid blepharoplasty or ptosis repair. Patients received tranexamic acid in 1 eyelid and control in the contralateral eyelid. The surgeon recorded the side with more intraoperative bleeding. Two masked graders evaluated periocular ecchymosis at postoperative day 0 and postoperative week 1 (POW 1) with a 5-point scale. At POW 1, patients reported subjective grading of bruising as increased on 1 side or similar on both sides. Results were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank and sign tests.

Results:
Of 130 patients, there was less eyelid ecchymosis on the tranexamic side at postoperative day 0 (p = 0.001) and POW 1 (p < 0.001). By surgery type, the 69 levator advancement surgeries had significantly less ecchymosis at postoperative day 0 (p < 0.001) and POW 1 (p = 0.001), while upper eyelid blepharoplasty, combined upper and lower lid blepharoplasty, and conjunctivomullerectomy trended toward significance. Of 68 patients reporting a POW 1 grading, 69% reported less bruising on the tranexamic side (p < 0.001). Intraoperative bleeding was not significantly different between sides (p = 0.930).

Conclusions:
Without a postinjection waiting period, subcutaneous tranexamic acid for eyelid surgery significantly decreased postoperative ecchymosis on postoperative day 0 and POW 1 but did not affect intraoperative bleeding. Subcutaneous tranexamic acid was not associated with any complications.
Postcataract surgery gray-white lines of the corneal endothelium viewed with confocal microscopy and review of literature
Authors: Han Jonathan , Wright Nathan , Davis Farhat Sydni K. , Yeh Florencia , Fintelmann Robert E. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Cataract surgery rarely causes 1-day postoperative corneal endothelial changes visibly seen as patches or linear streaks. Previously described as “snailtracks,” these changes have been studied using slitlamp examination (SLE), scanning electron microscopy, and specular microscopy, but to the best of the authors' knowledge, it has yet to be analyzed using confocal microscopy.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
3 patients who underwent cataract surgery through phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implant were found to have snailtracks on the corneal endothelium during postoperative day 1 examination.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:
The corneal endothelium of the 3 identified patients underwent SLE and in vivo confocal microscopy on postoperative day 1 and postoperative week 1. On day 1, linear opacities were visible on the corneal endothelia and confocal microscopy revealed disruptions of the regular polygonal endothelial pattern with cell aggregation. At 1 week, opacities had resolved and confocal microscopy demonstrated reorganization of the endothelia and appearance of hyperreflective nuclei.

Conclusions:
Confocal microscopy of postcataract surgery snailtracks supports the hypothesis that such endothelial opacification is secondary to trauma to the endothelium.
3D auto-segmentation of biliary structure of living liver donors using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for enhanced preoperative planning
Authors: Oh Namkee , Kim Jae-Hun , Rhu Jinsoo , Jeong Woo Kyoung , Choi Gyu-Seong , Kim Jong Man , Joh Jae-Won 
Published: April 2024

Background:
This study aimed to develop an automated segmentation system for biliary structures using a deep learning model, based on data from magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).

Materials and methods:
Living liver donors who underwent MRCP using the gradient and spin echo technique followed by three-dimensional modeling were eligible for this study. A three-dimensional residual U-Net model was implemented for the deep learning process. Data were divided into training and test sets at a 9:1 ratio. Performance was assessed using the dice similarity coefficient to compare the model’s segmentation with the manually labeled ground truth.

Results:
The study incorporated 250 cases. There was no difference in the baseline characteristics between the train set (n=225) and test set (n=25). The overall mean Dice Similarity Coefficient was 0.80±0.20 between the ground truth and inference result. The qualitative assessment of the model showed relatively high accuracy especially for the common bile duct (88%), common hepatic duct (92%), hilum (96%), right hepatic duct (100%), and left hepatic duct (96%), while the third-order branch of the right hepatic duct (18.2%) showed low accuracy.

Conclusion:
The developed automated segmentation model for biliary structures, utilizing MRCP data and deep learning techniques, demonstrated robust performance and holds potential for further advancements in automation.