bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The immune response to lentiviral-delivered transgene is modulated in vivo by transgene-expressing antigen-presenting cells but not by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Annoni Andrea , Battaglia Manuela , Follenzi Antonia , Lombardo Angelo , Sergi-Sergi Lucia , Naldini Luigi , Roncarolo Maria-Grazia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSystemic delivery of lentiviral vector (LV) in immunocompetent mice leads to efficient in vivo cell transduction and expression of the encoded protein under the control of the ubiquitous promoter of human cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, antitransgene immune response results in clearance of transduced cells 4 weeks after injection. T regulatory cells (Tregs), which have been demonstrated to control immune responses in vivo, were tested for their ability to suppress antitransgene response leading to stable long-term expression. Adoptive transfer of natural CD4+CD25+ Tregs (nTregs) isolated from wild type (wt) mice or from transgene tolerant transgenic (tg) mice did not suppress the antitransgene immune response after LV delivery. These data demonstrate that neither increasing the endogenous pool of natural Tregs nor transferring nTregs selected in a transgene-expressing thymus can modulate the immune response and mediate sustained transgene expression. Conversely, adoptive transfer of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) isolated from transgene-tolerant tg mice efficiently reduced the immune response leading to stable LV-encoded protein expression in vivo. Reduction of CD8+ effector T cells was observed in LV-treated mice coinjected with transgene-expressing APCs compared with control mice. These data indicate that antitransgene immune response can be modulated by transgene-expressing APCs possibly through deletion of effector T cells.
Platelet factor 4 is a negative autocrine in vivo regulator of megakaryopoiesis: clinical and therapeutic implications
Authors: Lambert Michele P. , Rauova Lubica , Bailey Matthew , Sola-Visner Martha C. , Kowalska M. Anna , Poncz Mortimer 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPlatelet factor 4 (PF4) is a negative regulator of megakaryopoiesis in vitro. We have now examined whether PF4 regulates megakaryopoiesis in vivo by studying PF4 knockout mice and transgenic mice that overexpress human (h) PF4. Steady-state platelet count and thrombocrit in these animals was inversely related to platelet PF4 content. Growth of megakaryocyte colonies was also inversely related to platelet PF4 content. Function-blocking anti-PF4 antibody reversed this inhibition of megakaryocyte colony growth, indicating the importance of local PF4 released from developing megakaryocytes. The effect of megakaryocyte damage and release of PF4 on 5-fluorouracil–induced marrow failure was then examined. Severity of thrombocytopenia and time to recovery of platelet counts were inversely related to initial PF4 content. Recovery was faster and more extensive, especially in PF4-overexpressing mice, after treatment with anti-PF4 blocking antibodies, suggesting a means to limit the duration of such a chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, especially in individuals with high endogenous levels of PF4. We found that approximately 8% of 250 healthy adults have elevated (> 2 times average) platelet PF4 content. These individuals with high levels of platelet PF4 may be especially sensitive to developing thrombocytopenia after bone marrow injury and may benefit from approaches that block the effects of released PF4.
Eosinophils contribute to innate antiviral immunity and promote clearance of respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Phipps Simon , Lam Chuan En , Mahalingam Suresh , Newhouse Matthew , Ramirez Ruben , Rosenberg Helene F. , Foster Paul S. , Matthaei Klaus I. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEosinophils are recruited to the lungs in response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection; however, their role in promoting antiviral host defense remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that eosinophils express TLRs that recognize viral nucleic acids, are activated and degranulate after single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) stimulation of the TLR-7–MyD88 pathway, and provide host defense against RSV that is MyD88 dependent. In contrast to wild-type mice, virus clearance from lung tissue was more rapid in hypereosinophilic (interleukin-5 transgenic) mice. Transfer of wild-type but not MyD88-deficient eosinophils to the lungs of RSV-infected wild-type mice accelerated virus clearance and inhibited the development of airways hyperreactivity. Similar responses were observed when infected recipient mice were MyD88 deficient. Eosinophils isolated from infected hypereosinophilic MyD88-sufficient but not MyD88-deficient mice expressed greater amounts of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)–7 and eosinophil-associated ribonucleases EAR-1 and EAR-2. Hypereosinophilia in the airways of infected mice also correlated with increased expression of IRF-7, IFN-β, and NOS-2, and inhibition of NO production with the NOS-2 inhibitor L-NMA partially reversed the accelerated virus clearance promoted by eosinophils. Collectively, our results demonstrate that eosinophils can protect against RSV in vivo, as they promote virus clearance and may thus limit virus-induced lung dysfunction.
Pivotal Advance: Endogenous pathway to SIRS, sepsis, and related conditions
Authors: Tang Amy H , Brunn Gregory J , Cascalho Marilia , Platt Jeffrey L 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTLRs are usually thought to recognize substances produced by microorganisms and thus, to initiate host defenses. This concept, however, fails to explain some functions of this family of receptors. Recognition of endogenous substances may explain the broader functions of TLRs in physiology and disease. Activation of TLRs by endogenous substances necessitates vigorous control of the function of the receptors. This communication will summarize a line of research, which points to an endogenous agonist for TLR4 and a putative mechanism for controlling the function of that receptor.
Assessment of controller strategies for real-time dynamic substructuring of a lightly damped system
Authors: Stoten D P , Lim C. N. , Neild S. A. 
Published: May 2007

The concept of real-time substructuring enables a complex engineering system to be tested via physical experimentation on one of its subcomponents, which then interacts with a numerical model of the remaining parts of the overall system. In the present paper, the substructuring technique is used to emulate a two degree-of-freedom mechanical system which has a low level of damping. The numerical model displacement, determined at the interface between the physical and numerical components, is used by a substructuring controller to impose the same displacement onto the physical component. This is achieved via a servohydraulic actuator, with the simultaneously measured reactive force at the interface being passed back to the numerical model, using a load cell attached to the physical test rig. In this paper, several forms of controllers are proposed to compensate for the substructured system actuator dynamics, thus ensuring minimal interface error between the two components for accurate emulation of the complete system. Experiments are presented to illustrate the performance of these controllers, which ranged from fixed-gain linear algorithms to an adaptive scheme. Analysis of the results highlight the salient features of substructuring and substructured system control for lightly damped systems.
Selected Exonic Sequencing of the AGXT Gene Provides a Genetic Diagnosis in 50% of Patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1
Authors: Williams Emma , Rumsby Gill 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground: Definitive diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) requires analysis of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) activity in the liver. We have previously shown that targeted screening for the 3 most common mutations in the AGXT gene (c.33_34insC, c.508G&gt;A, and c.731T&gt;C) can provide a molecular diagnosis in 34.5% of PH1 patients, eliminating the need for a liver biopsy. Having reviewed the distribution of all AGXT mutations, we have evaluated a diagnostic strategy that uses selected exon sequencing for the molecular diagnosis of PH1.Methods: We sequenced exons 1, 4, and 7 for 300 biopsy-confirmed PH1 patients and expressed the identified missense mutations in vitro.Results: Our identification of at least 1 mutation in 224 patients (75%) and 2 mutations in 149 patients increased the diagnostic sensitivity to 50%. We detected 29 kinds of sequence changes, 15 of which were novel. Four of these mutations were in exon 1 (c.2_3delinsAT, c.30_32delCC, c.122G&gt;A, c.126delG), 7 were in exon 4 (c.447_454delGCTGCTGT, c.449T&gt;C, c.473C&gt;T, c.481G&gt;A, c.481G&gt;T, c.497T&gt;C, c.424-2A&gt;G), and 4 were in exon 7 (c.725insT, c.737G&gt;A, c.757T&gt;C, c.776 + 1G&gt;A). The missense changes were associated with severely decreased AGT catalytic activity and negative immunoreactivity when expressed in vitro. Missense mutation c.26C&gt;A, previously described as a pathological mutation, had activity similar to that of the wild-type enzyme.Conclusions: Selective exon sequencing can allow a definitive diagnosis in 50% of PH1 patients. The test offers a rapid turnaround time (15 days) with minimal risk to the patient. Demonstration of the expression of missense changes is essential to demonstrate pathogenicity.
Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) detects a large X chromosome deletion including FMR1, FMR2, and IDS in a female patient with mental retardation
Authors: Probst Frank J. , Roeder Elizabeth R. , Enciso Victoria B. , Ou Zhishuo , Cooper M. Lance , Eng Patricia , Li Jiangzhen , Gu Yanghong , Stratton Robert F. , Chinault A. Craig , Shaw Chad A. , Sutton V. Reid , Cheung Sau Wai , Nelson David L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) by array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a new clinical test for the detection of well‐characterized genomic disorders caused by chromosomal deletions and duplications that result in gene copy number variation (CNV). This powerful assay detects an abnormality in approximately 7–9% of patients with various clinical phenotypes, including mental retardation. We report here on the results found in a 6‐year‐old girl with mildly dysmorphic facies, obesity, and marked developmental delay. CMA was requested and showed a heterozygous loss in copy number with clones derived from the genomic region cytogenetically defined as Xq27.3–Xq28. This loss was not cytogenetically visible but was seen on FISH analysis with clones from the region. Further studies confirmed a loss of one copy each of the FMR1, FMR2, and IDS genes (which are mutated in Fragile X syndrome, FRAXE syndrome, and Hunter syndrome, respectively). Skewed X‐inactivation has been previously reported in girls with deletions in this region and can lead to a combined Fragile X/Hunter syndrome phenotype in affected females. X‐inactivation and iduronate 2‐sulfatase (IDS) enzyme activity were therefore examined. X‐inactivation was found to be random in the child's peripheral leukocytes, and IDS enzyme activity was approximately half of the normal value. This case demonstrates the utility of CMA both for detecting a submicroscopic chromosomal deletion and for suggesting further testing that could possibly lead to therapeutic options for patients with developmental delay. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wide‐band reflective polarizers from cholesteric liquid crystals with stable optical properties
Authors: Xiao Jiumei , Cao Hui , He Wanli , Ma Zheng , Geng Jun , Wang Liping , Wang Ge , Yang Huai 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA wide‐band reflective polarizer from glassy siloxane cyclic side‐chain liquid crystals with stable optical properties was developed. The pitch gradient that formed was first stored by rapid cooling, which, by preventing the crystallization of glassy materials, was a very easy way of keeping the molecular arrangement. Then, the polymer network that formed through UV‐initiated chain crosslinking of the photopolymerizable monomers in the reflective polarizer further stabilized the cholesteric structure stored by the former rapid cooling. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Expression of HSP72 after ELF‐EMF exposure in three cell lines
Authors: Gottwald Eric , Sontag Werner , Lahni Brigitte , Weibezahn Karl‐Friedrich 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIt has been reported that magnetic fields with flux densities ranging from µT to mT are able to induce heat shock factor, HSP72 mRNA or heat shock proteins in various cells. In this study we investigated changes in the HSP72 mRNA transcription level in three cell lines (HL‐60, H9c2, and Girardi heart cells) and in the intracellular HSP72 protein content in two cell lines (HL‐60 and Girardi heart cells) after treatment schemes using electromagnetic fields with a flux density of 2 µT to 4 mT, a frequency of 50 Hz and exposure times from 15 to 30 min. None of the treatments or modalities showed any significant effect on the HSP72 protein level, although HSP72 mRNA could be induced, at least to some extent, with one of the parameter combinations in all cell lines tested. Obviously, HSP72 mRNA transcription and translation are not necessarily coupled in certain cells. This leads to the conclusion that electromagnetic field effects on HSP72 mRNA levels are not indicative for downstream effects unless increased mRNA levels can be correlated with increased HSP72 protein levels as well. Bioelectromagnetics 28:509–518, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ornithine decarboxylase activity of L929 cells after exposure to continuous wave or 50 Hz modulated radiofrequency radiation—a replication study
Authors: Höytö A. , Juutilainen J. , Naarala J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA replication study with some extensions was made to confirm enhancement of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in murine L929 fibroblasts after radiofrequency (RF) field exposure reported in earlier studies. L929 cells purchased from two cell banks were exposed for 2, 8, or 24 h to continuous wave or DAMPS (burst modulated at 50 Hz, with 33% duty cycle) signals at specific absorption rate (SAR) levels of 2.5 or 6.0 W/kg. Exposures were carried out in Crawford and waveguide chambers, at frequencies 835 and 872 MHz, respectively. The results did not confirm findings of previous studies reporting increased ODC activity in RF‐exposed cells. When Crawford cell exposure system was used, ODC activity was either not affected (in the case of 8 or 24 h exposures) or decreased after 2 h exposure at the highest SAR level (6 W/kg). The decrease was most pronounced when cooling with air flow was not used, and is most likely related to increased temperature. The minor methodological differences (use of antibiotics, increased sensitivity of ODC assay) are not likely to explain the inconsistency of the findings of the present and previous studies. Different results were obtained in experiments with the waveguide system that involves more efficient temperature control. In this exposure system, ODC activity was increased after 8 h exposure at 6 W/kg. Further studies are warranted to explore whether this finding reflects a true non‐thermal effect. The present study did not provide evidence for modulation‐specific effects reported in earlier studies. Bioelectromagnetics 28:501–508, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells: more than heart repair alone
Authors: Mummery Christine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOne of the most‐exciting and controversial discoveries of the last decade has been the isolation of embryonic stem cells from human embryos. The capacity of these cells to form all somatic cell types in the human body has captured the imagination of researcher and clinician alike, the perspectives that they represent for cell replacement therapies in multiple chronic disorders being used to justify the use of embryos for this purpose. However, there is a gradual realization that cell therapies are in the far future and some find that the other, more immediately applicable, types of research give less justification for the use of embryos. Here, cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells are discussed. The research opportunities created by having human heart cells available routinely in the laboratory are explored and the types of questions that can be addressed are placed in the context of alternative cell and animal models. BioEssays 29:572–579, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Size and shape: the developmental regulation of static allometry in insects
Authors: Shingleton Alexander W. , Frankino W. Anthony , Flatt Thomas , Nijhout H. Frederik , Emlen Douglas. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAmong all organisms, the size of each body part or organ scales with overall body size, a phenomenon called allometry. The study of shape and form has attracted enormous interest from biologists, but the genetic, developmental and physiological mechanisms that control allometry and the proportional growth of parts have remained elusive. Recent progress in our understanding of body‐size regulation provides a new synthetic framework for thinking about the mechanisms and the evolution of allometric scaling. In particular, insulin/IGF signaling, which plays major roles in longevity, diabetes and the regulation of cell, organ and body size, might also be centrally involved in regulating organismal shape. Here we review recent advances in the fields of growth regulation and endocrinology and use them to construct a developmental model of static allometry expression in insects. This model serves as the foundation for a research program that will result in a deeper understanding of the relationship between growth and form, a question that has fascinated biologists for centuries. BioEssays 29:536–548, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rebuilding microbial genomes
Authors: Holt Robert A. , Warren Rene , Flibotte Stephane , Missirlis Perseus I. , Smailus Duane E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEngineered microbes are of great potential utility in biotechnology and basic research. In principle, a cell can be built from scratch by assembling small molecule sets with auto‐catalytic properties. Alternatively, DNA can be isolated or directly synthesized and molded into a synthetic genome using existing genomic blueprints and molecular biology tools. Activating such a synthetic genome will yield a synthetic cell. Here we examine obstacles associated with this latter approach using a model system whereby a donor genome from H. influenzae is fragmented, and the pieces are then modified and reassembled stepwise in an E. coli host cell. There are obstacles associated with this strategy related to DNA transfer, DNA replication, cross‐talk in gene regulation and compatibility of gene products between donor and host. Encouragingly, analysis of gene expression indicates widespread transcription of H. influenzae genes in E. coli, and analysis of gap locations in H. influenzae and other microbial genome assemblies reveals few genes routinely incompatible with E. coli. In conclusion, rebuilding and booting a genome remains a feasible and pragmatic approach to creating a synthetic microbial cell. BioEssays 29:580–590, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Origin of a Band Gap in Compounds of Diamond‐Like Structures.
Authors: Koehler Juergen , Deng Shuiquan , Lee Changhoon , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Thermochemistry of CrO2(OH)2(g).
Authors: Opila Elizabeth J. , Myers Dwight L. , Jacobson Nathan S. , Nielsen Ida M. B. , Johnson Dereck F. , Olminsky Jami K. , Allendrof Mark D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
MH2P2O7 (M: Co, Ni): Metamagnetic Interaction Between the Zigzag Octahedral Chains.
Authors: Yang Tao , Ju Jing , Li Guobao , Yang Sihai , Sun Junliang , Liao Fuhui , Lin Jianhua , Sasaki Juns , Toyota Naoki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Experimental and Theoretical Methods to Investigate Extraframework Species in a Layered Material of Dodecaniobate Anions.
Authors: Nyman May , Larentzos James P. , Maginn Edward J. , Welk Margaret E. , Ingersoll David , Park Hyunsoo , Parise John B. , Bull Ivor , Bonhomme Francois 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Monolanthanide‐Containing Silicotungstates [Ln(β2‐SiW11O39)2] 13‐ (Ln: La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Yb, Lu): A Synthetic and Structural Investigation.
Authors: Bassil Bassem S. , Dickman Michael H. , von der Kammer Bernd , Kortz Ulrich 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of SrMnO3 Powders with Different Morphologies by Hydrothermal Method.
Authors: Zhu Jing‐Sen , Liu Jing‐Bing , Wang Hao , Zhu Man‐Kang , Yan Hui 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Synthetic Route to Mg2Na2NiH6 Where a [NiH4] Complex Is for the First Time Stabilized by Alkali Metal Counterions.
Authors: Kadir Karim , Noreus Dag 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Is a Phase Transfer Catalyst Really Needed for gem‐Dihalocyclopropanation of Alkenes with Haloforms in the Presence of Alkali Metal Hydroxide?
Authors: Karwowska H. , Jonczyk A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Ketones via Direct Mannich‐Type Reaction Catalyzed with Silica Sulfuric Acid.
Authors: Wu Hui , Shen Yang , Fan Li‐yan , Wan Yu , Zhang Pu , Chen Cai‐fa , Wang Wen‐xiang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Dithiocarbamate Derivatives via Regioselective Addition of Dithiocarbamate Anion to Epoxide in Water.
Authors: Ziyaei‐Halimjani Azim , Saidi Mohammad R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functionalized Ionic Liquids Catalyzed Direct Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Luo Sanzhong , Mi Xueling , Zhang Long , Liu Song , Xu Hui , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.