bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical thermal maxima and oxygen uptake in Elysia viridis, a sea slug that steals chloroplasts to photosynthesize
Authors: Laetz Elise M. J. , Kahyaoglu Can , Borgstein Natascha M. , Merkx Michiel , van der Meij Sancia E. T. , Verberk Wilco C. E. P. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Photosynthetic animals produce oxygen, providing an ideal lens for studying how oxygen dynamics influence thermal sensitivity. The algivorous sea slug Elysia viridis can steal and retain chloroplasts from the marine alga Bryopsis sp. for months when starved, but chloroplast retention is mere weeks when they are fed another green alga, Chaetomorpha sp. To examine plasticity in thermal tolerance and changes in net oxygen exchange when fed and starving, slugs fed each alga were acclimated to 17°C (the current maximum temperature to which they are exposed in nature) and 22°C (the increase predicted for 2100) and measured at different points during starvation. We also examined increased illumination to evaluate a potential tradeoff between increased oxygen production but faster chloroplast degradation. Following acclimation, we subjected slugs to acute thermal stress to determine their thermal tolerance. We also measured net oxygen exchange before and after acute thermal stress. Thermal tolerance improved in slugs acclimated to 22°C, indicating they can acclimate to temperatures higher than they naturally experience. All slugs exhibited net oxygen uptake, and rates were highest in recently fed slugs before exposure to acute thermal stress. Oxygen uptake was suppressed following acute thermal stress. Under brighter light, slugs exhibited improved thermal tolerance, possibly because photosynthetic oxygen production alleviated oxygen limitation. Accordingly, this advantage disappeared later in starvation when photosynthesis ceased. Thus, E. viridis can cope with heatwaves by suppressing metabolism and plastically adjusting heat tolerance; however, starvation influences a slug's thermal tolerance and oxygen uptake such that continuous access to algal food for its potential nutritive and oxygenic benefits is critical when facing thermal stress.
Beyond conventional therapies - an overview of the alternative approaches in migraine management
Authors: Barg Marta , Biały-Karbowniczek Julia , Jędrasek Aleksandra , Wojtyła Klaudia 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Migraine remains one of the most prevalent chronic neurological conditions that significantly impacts the quality of life. The treatment aims to help with the symptoms and prevent further attacks. There are several pharmacological methods, but because of their side effects, sometimes lower-than-expected effectiveness, costs, and long-term dependency, non-pharmacological approaches have gained popularity. Review methods: We conducted our study as a literature review, with data gathered via PubMed and Embase.The state of knowledge: Managing migraine is hard to achieve based only on pharmacological therapy. Recently, the development of alternative approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, acupuncture, or butterbur, has been observed. Many studies try to assess its effectiveness. Biofeedback is a promising treatment method, however, it is expensive and requires special equipment. Aerobic training is essential in the prevention and therapy of many illnesses and proper intensity can be helpful with migraines, while yoga is a great lower-intensity option. Conclusions: Alternative methods may be a great alternative or support in migraine management. However, there is still a need for standardized investigations to evaluate effectiveness and safety.
An exploration of managing emotional labour and maintaining professional integrity in children's hospice nursing
Authors: Brimble Mandy J , Anstey Sally , Davies Jane , Dunn Catherine 
Published: April 2024

Background: Research exploring nurse-parent relationships in children's hospices is rare. Aim: To investigate how children's hospice nurses manage emotional labour and professional integrity in their long-term relationships with parents. Methods: A purposive sample of six children's nurses, from hospices across England, recorded audio diaries and participated in telephone interviews. Narratives were thematically analysed. Findings: Three overarching, cross-cutting themes were identified—purposeful positioning; balancing personability and professionalism; coping with and counterbalancing emotional labour. All themes were indicative of and/or built upon emotional intelligence constructs, such as self-awareness, self-regulation, appropriate (managed) empathy, social skills and intrinsic motivation. Innate features of children's hospice work were important for perpetuating intrinsic motivation and satisfaction. Conclusion: This study provided an insight into the management of emotional labour and professional integrity by experienced children's hospice nurses. The identification of emotional intelligence skills merits further exploration in this environment, as well as other children's palliative care settings.
The incidence of surgical intervention following a suspected scaphoid fracture
Authors: Ryan Paul J. , Duckworth Andrew D. , McEachan Jane E. , Jenkins Paul J. 
Published: April 2024

AimsThe underlying natural history of suspected scaphoid fractures (SSFs) is unclear and assumed poor. There is an urgent requirement to develop the literature around SSFs to quantify the actual prevalence of intervention following SSF. Defining the risk of intervention following SSF may influence the need for widespread surveillance and screening of SSF injuries, and could influence medicolegal actions around missed scaphoid fractures.MethodsData on SSF were retrospectively gathered from virtual fracture clinics (VFCs) across a large Scottish Health Board over a four-year period, from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2021. The Bluespier Electronic Patient Record System identified any surgical procedure being undertaken in relation to a scaphoid injury over the same time period. Isolating patients who underwent surgical intervention for SSF was performed by cross-referencing the unique patient Community Health Index number for patients who underwent these scaphoid procedures with those seen at VFCs for SSF over this four-year period.ResultsIn total, 1,739 patients were identified as having had a SSF. Five patients (0.28%) underwent early open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). One patient (0.06%) developed a nonunion and underwent ORIF with bone grafting. All six patients undergoing surgery were male (p = 0.005). The overall rate of intervention following a SSF was 0.35%. The early intervention rate in those undergoing primary MRI was one (0.36%), compared with three in those without (0.27%) (p > 0.576).ConclusionSurgical intervention was rare following a SSF and was not required in females. A primary MRI policy did not appear to be associated with any change in primary or secondary intervention. These data are the first and largest in recent literature to quantify the prevalence of surgical intervention following a SSF, and may be used to guide surveillance and screening pathways as well as define medicolegal risk involved in missing a true fracture in SSFs.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(4):312–316.
Automating task design: bridging the gap between second language research and L2 instruction
Authors: Castellví Joan , Gilabert Guerrero Roger , Comelles Pujadas Elisabet 
Published: April 2024

The present study addresses the issue of the transfer from second language acquisition (SLA) research to second and foreign language (L2) instruction, particularly within the context of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT). The main goal of this article is to show how technology, particularly the web-based tool taskGen (https://taskgen.eu), which primarily serves to create teaching materials, also functions as a mediator for transfer and provides valuable information on teaching practices, teachers' needs, pedagogical strategies, and L2 task design. This article is organised as follows. Firstly, a web-based tool that assists and trains teachers in L2 task design is presented, along with the instantiation and integration of natural language processing (NLP) resources in the tool; later, we show how quantitative information obtained from the massive use of the tool through data analytics can be combined with qualitative methods such as interviews, observations, think aloud protocols, questionnaires, case studies, and transcripts to generate research. Automatic (quantitative) data collection gathers information of the teaching contexts, task aims, task flow structures, focus on form options, and the access and time on help files. Not only does the collected information feed back to the tool, but it also contributes to understanding teachers' design choices and patterns, and to exploring the intersection between SLA and TBLT theory and task design practises. Qualitative analysis is being conducted and oriented toward teachers’ experiences during task design. Finally, we present the future lines of research that we anticipate will be carried out with the further use and development of taskGen.
Fiber-optic gyroscope for rotational seismic ground motion monitoring of the Campi Flegrei volcanic area
Authors: Capezzuto Marialuisa , Gaudiosi Guido , Nardone Lucia , D’Alema Ezio , D’Ambrosio Davide , Manzo Roberto , Giorgini Antonio , Malara Pietro , De Natale Paolo , Gagliardi Gianluca , Santamaria Amato Luigi , Galluzzo Danilo , Avino Saverio 
Published: April 2024

The real-time monitoring of densely populated areas with high seismic and volcanic risk is of crucial importance for the safety of people and infrastructures. When an earthquake occurs, the Earth surface experiences both translational and rotational motions. The latter are usually not monitored, but their measurement and characterization are essential for a full description of the ground motion. Here we present preliminary observational data of a high-sensitivity rotational sensor based on a 2-km-long fiber-optic Sagnac gyroscope, presently under construction in the middle of the Campi Flegrei Volcanic Area (Pozzuoli, Italy). We have evaluated its performance by analyzing data continuously recorded during an acquisition campaign of five months. The experimental setup was composed of a digital nine-component seismic station equipped with both a rotational sensor and conventional seismic sensors (seismometers, accelerometers, and tiltmeters). During this experiment we detected seismic noise and ground rotations wavefield induced by small to medium local earthquakes (M
D
<3). The prototype gyroscope shows a very promising sensitivity in the range of 5×10−7−8×10−9rad/s/Hz over the frequency bandwidth 5 mHz–50 Hz. Future upgrades and perspectives are discussed.
Predominance of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi genotype 4.3.1 with low-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Zanzibar
Authors: Onken Annette , Moyo Sabrina , Miraji Mohammed Khamis , Bohlin Jon , Marijani Msafiri , Manyahi Joel , Kibwana Kibwana Omar , Müller Fredrik , Jenum Pål A. , Abeid Khamis Ali , Reimers Marianne , Langeland Nina , Mørch Kristine , Blomberg Bjørn 
Published: April 2024

Background
Typhoid fever is a common cause of febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries. While multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) has spread globally, fluoroquinolone resistance has mainly affected Asia.

Methods
Consecutively, 1038 blood cultures were obtained from patients of all age groups with fever and/or suspicion of serious systemic infection admitted at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar in 2015–2016. S. Typhi were analyzed with antimicrobial susceptibility testing and with short read (61 strains) and long read (9 strains) whole genome sequencing, including three S. Typhi strains isolated in a pilot study 2012–2013.

Results
Sixty-three S. Typhi isolates (98%) were MDR carrying blaTEM-1B, sul1 and sul2, dfrA7 and catA1 genes. Low-level ciprofloxacin resistance was detected in 69% (43/62), with a single gyrase mutation gyrA-D87G in 41 strains, and a single gyrA-S83F mutation in the non-MDR strain. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and azithromycin. All MDR isolates belonged to genotype 4.3.1 lineage I (4.3.1.1), with the antimicrobial resistance determinants located on a composite transposon integrated into the chromosome. Phylogenetically, the MDR subgroup with ciprofloxacin resistance clusters together with two external isolates.

Conclusions
We report a high rate of MDR and low-level ciprofloxacin resistant S. Typhi circulating in Zanzibar, belonging to genotype 4.3.1.1, which is widespread in Southeast Asia and African countries and associated with low-level ciprofloxacin resistance. Few therapeutic options are available for treatment of typhoid fever in the study setting. Surveillance of the prevalence, spread and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. Typhi can guide treatment and control efforts.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in multiple sclerosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yaghoobpoor Shirin , Fathi Mobina , Vakili Kimia , Sayehmiri Fatemeh , Alipour Milad , Miriran Zahra sadat , Ghayyem Hani , Tutunchian Zohreh , Hajibeygi Ramtin , Batool Zehra , Mirzadeh Moein , Aghazadeh Mohammad Hossein , Hajiesmaeili Mohammadreza 
Published: April 2024

Background and objective
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that can cause inflammation, demyelination, and axon degeneration. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a single-chain polypeptide mainly synthesized in the liver and brain. IGF-1 causes neuronal and non-neuronal cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Therefore, it can be used in treating neuro-demyelinating diseases such as MS. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the levels of IGF-1 in MS patients and healthy controls and also investigates IGF binding proteins (IGF-BP) and growth hormone (GH) levels between MS patients and healthy controls.

Methods
In this study, we systematically searched electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar, up to December 2022. Studies that measured IGF-1, GH, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, or IGFBP-3 in MS patients and healthy controls in either blood or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) were identified. We calculated Standardized mean differences (SMD) to compare levels of IGF-1, GH, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, or IGFBP-3 in MS patients and controls.

Results
Finally, we included 11 eligible studies from 1998 to 2018. The sample size of included studies varied from 20 to 200 resulting in a total sample size of 1067 individuals, 531 MS patients, and 536 healthy controls. The mean age of the patient and control groups were 38.96 and 39.38, respectively. The average EDSS among patients was 4.56. We found that blood levels of IGF-1 (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI = -0.20 to 0.59, I2 = 82.4%, K = 8, n = 692), CSF level of IGF-1 (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI = -0.06 to 0.56, I2 = 0.0%, K = 3 n = 164) and blood levels of GH were not significantly higher in MS patients than controls (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI = -0.33 to 0.49, I2 = 77.0% K = 3, n = 421). Moreover, the blood levels of IGFBP-1 (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.01 to 1.40, I2 = 77%, K = 4, n = 255) were significantly higher in MS cases than in controls. However, the blood levels of IGFBP-2 (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI = -0.34 to 1.21, I2 = 64.2%, K = 3, n = 78) and blood levels of IGFBP-3 (SMD = 1.04, 95% CI = -0.09 to 2.17, I2 = 95.6%, K = 6, n = 443) were not significantly higher in patients than controls.

Conclusion
Our meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in serum levels of IGF-1, GH, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 between the MS group and healthy controls, except for IGFBP1. However, our systematic review showed that the studies were controversial for IGFBP-3 serum levels. Some studies found an increase in serum level of IGFBP-3 in MS patients compared to the healthy group, while others showed a decrease.
Efficacy of Shu-yi-ning-chang decoction on IBS-D: Modulating Nr4a3 pathway to reduce visceral hypersensitivity
Authors: Guo Yajing , Lu Qiongqiong , Yang Xiao-Jun , He Yuxi , Wu Yue , Qin Baijun , Li Ting , Duan Min , Liu Nvping , Wu Xin , He Yuanjun 
Published: April 2024

Aim of the studyTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of SYNC in diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and explore its underlying mechanism through transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-Seq).Materials and methodsA rat model of IBS-D was constructed to elucidate the effects of SYNC. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR), fecal water content (FWC), and recording body weight were calculated to assess visceral sensitivity in rats. Histopathological changes in the colon and alterations in mast cell (MC) count were determined. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess mast cell tryptase (MCT) expression in rat colons. Serum levels of corticotropin-releasing Hormone (CRH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were quantified using ELISA. RNA-Seq of colon tissue was performed, followed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Western blot analysis was conducted to quantify the expression levels of key proteins in the Nr4a3 pathway in the colon and hypothalamus tissues of rats.ResultsSYNC alleviated visceral hypersensitivity and mood disorders in rats with IBS-D. Moreover, it was positively correlated with its dosage and the observed effects, such as the enhancement of the colon’s mucosal lining condition and reduction in the number and activation of MCs within the model group. SYNC reduced the expression levels of factors related to the brain-gut axis and inflammatory markers in the bloodstream. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that SYNC down-regulated the expression of Nr4a3 and PI3K. These SYNC-targeted genes primarily played roles in immune regulation and inflammatory responses, correlating with the modulation of Nr4a3 and the PI3K/AKT pathway. Western blot analysis further confirmed SYNC’s influence on inflammation-related MC activation by downregulating key proteins in the Nr4a3/PI3K pathway.ConclusionsSYNC inhibited mast cell activation and attenuated visceral hypersensitivity in the colon tissues of IBS-D rats. These effects were mediated by the Nr4a3/PI3K signaling pathway.
Carpal tunnel syndrome prediction with machine learning algorithms using anthropometric and strength-based measurement
Authors: Yetiş Mehmet , Kocaman Hikmet , Canlı Mehmet , Yıldırım Hasan , Yetiş Aysu , Ceylan İsmail 
Published: April 2024

Objectives
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) stands as the most prevalent upper extremity entrapment neuropathy, with a multifaceted etiology encompassing various risk factors. This study aimed to investigate whether anthropometric measurements of the hand, grip strength, and pinch strength could serve as predictive indicators for CTS through machine learning techniques.

Methods
Enrollment encompassed patients exhibiting CTS symptoms (n = 56) and asymptomatic healthy controls (n = 56), with confirmation via electrophysiological assessments. Anthropometric measurements of the hand were obtained using a digital caliper, grip strength was gauged via a digital handgrip dynamometer, and pinch strengths were assessed using a pinchmeter. A comprehensive analysis was conducted employing four most common and effective machine learning algorithms, integrating thorough parameter tuning and cross-validation procedures. Additionally, the outcomes of variable importance were presented.

Results
Among the diverse algorithms, Random Forests (accuracy of 89.474%, F1-score of 0.905, and kappa value of 0.789) and XGBoost (accuracy of 86.842%, F1-score of 0.878, and kappa value of 0.736) emerged as the top-performing choices based on distinct classification metrics. In addition, using variable importance calculations specific to these models, the most important variables were found to be wrist circumference, hand width, hand grip strength, tip pinch, key pinch, and middle finger length.

Conclusion
The findings of this study demonstrated that wrist circumference, hand width, hand grip strength, tip pinch, key pinch, and middle finger length can be utilized as reliable indicators of CTS. Also, the model developed herein, along with the identified crucial variables, could serve as an informative guide for healthcare professionals, enhancing precision and efficacy in CTS prediction.
ACERVO E REPOSITÓRIO DIGITAL - ARA
Authors: Ferreira Nilce Vieira Campos 
Published: April 2024

Acervos e Repositórios digitais (RDs) são bases de dados online que armazenam de forma organizada dada produção científica de uma determinada instituição ou área temática e podem ser constituídos por fontes de diversos formatos. A partir dessa definição intercambiável entre os conceitos, apresenta-se e analisa-se o Acervo e Repositório Digital – ARA (2023) que tem como meta principal divulgar fontes e pesquisas sobre História da Educação com a colaboração de pesquisadoras e pesquisadores do Centro-Oeste, Norte e América Latina. Como resultado, aponta-se que esse acervo e repositório insere-se em uma modelagem do conhecimento, com políticas definidas para funcionamento do acervo digital, acesso e disponibilização de conteúdo. As concepções para implementação, portanto, decorrem de funcionalidades, usabilidade de tecnologias de acesso aberto e manutenibilidade. Como resultado, o ARA (2023) adota um código aberto flexível e personalizado, utilizando a ferramenta Strapi (2023), como gerenciadora de conteúdo, por meio do uso da linguagem de programação JavaScript. Além disso, o acervo e repositório conta com documentação de uso e desenvolvimento, framework para construção de páginas destinadas a visitantes. O sistema para gerenciamento de conteúdo permite determinados níveis de acesso para armazenar e disponibilizar dados. Destaca-se ainda a retroalimentação de fontes de pesquisa disponibilizadas por integrantes conectados ao acervo e repositório. Conclui-se que informações e dados são identificados, modelados, geridos e divulgados, o que possibilita que novos conhecimentos possam ser agregados, suscitando um movimento cíclico de aperfeiçoamento da execução e realimentação contínua do ambiente digital ARA (2023).
Weighted estimates for product singular integral operators in Journé’s class on RD-spaces
Authors: Zheng Taotao , Xiao Yanmei , Tao Xiangxing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An RD-space 𝑀 is a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss with the additional property that a reverse doubling property holds in 𝑀.
In this paper, firstly, the authors give the Plancherel–Pôlya characterization of product weighted Triebel–Lizorkin spaces and product weighted Besov spaces on RD-spaces and make some estimates for the product singular integral operators in Journé’s class on these function spaces.
As a result of these conclusions, they present some sufficient conditions for the boundedness of product singular integral operators on the product Lipschitz spaces and product weighted Hardy spaces.
Secondly, by the boundedness of lifting and projection operators, they also obtain that the dual spaces of the product weighted Hardy spaces are product weighted Carleson measure spaces.
Using the idea of dual, the authors obtain the weighted boundedness of singular integral operators on the product weighted Carleson measure spaces.