bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of telomeric repeat binding factor 1 in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hu Jian , Sun Li , Zhang Chong , Zhou Xielai 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTelomeric repeat binding factor 1 (TRF1) is crucial for forming and maintaining the protective telomeric structure. However, the relationship between TRF1 and non‐small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is not well understood. With this background, we investigated the expressions of the mRNA encoded by the TRF1 gene in cancer tissue and the paired non‐cancerous tissue. We also examined whether TRF1 expression is correlated with histopathological features.MethodsFrom October 2004 to August 2005, 40 patients with NSCLCs had undergone curative operations, including 29 males and 11 females. There were 20 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 20 cases of adenocarcinoma. We measured the expression of TRF1 mRNA using RT‐PCR on 40 surgically resected specimens and the paired non‐cancerous tissues.ResultsTRF1 mRNA was significantly downregulated in cancer tissue compared with the paired non‐cancerous tissue. Additionally, the expression of TRF1 mRNA was significantly associated with the grade of tumor differentiation. No significant difference of TRF1 mRNA level was found between sexes, or among different T‐status, clinical stages, pathological subtypes, and lymph node metastasis.ConclusionsDownregulation of TRF1 mRNA expression appeared in lung cancer tissue. TRF1 may play a significant role in cell differentiation in NSCLC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93:62–67. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of isomeric tropane alkaloids from Schizanthus grahamii by very fast gas chromatography
Authors: Bieri Stefan , Muñoz Orlando , Veuthey Jean‐Luc , Christen Philippe 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis study presents a very fast GC analysis applied for the baseline separation of isomeric tropane alkaloids extracted from the stem‐bark of Schizanthus grahamii (Solanaceae). The work provided a challenging application where isothermal analysis in conjunction with very short narrow bore columns (3 m×100 μm ID and 1.5 m×50 μm ID) was particularly suited for the speeding up. Experimental parameters were used in the optimisation steps, including selection of stationary phase, temperature, internal column diameter and optimal practicable gas velocity. Some considerations about sample injection in fast isothermal analysis are also briefly presented. Finally, the investigated approach allowed a very fast baseline separation of four positional and configurational isomers in less than 9 s.
Prediction of gas chromatographic peak width in capillary columns at different temperatures, carrier gas flows, column lengths, inside diameters and carbon numbers
Authors: Krisnangkura Kanit , Pongtonkulpanich Varaporn 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWidth factor (wf), relative band broadening (br) and retention factor are linearly correlated as ln wf = ln br + ln k [Chromatographia (2002) 56, 99–103]. The k and br are thermodynamic and kinetic energy parameters, and expanded to cover volumetric flow of carrier gas, temperature, phase ratio (β) and carbon number (z). For columns of the same stationary phase and β value but of different lengths, width at base (wb) can be predicted with the same numerical values of the constants. The average absolute differences between predicted and experimental wb for BP‐1 columns of 30, 20 and 10 m are 1.27%, 1.21% and 1.37%, respectively. In predicting wb of n‐alkanes eluted from columns of the same stationary phase but of different ID, only the differences of ln β are required for adjustment of one of the numerical values. The average absolute differences between wb (cal) and wb (exp) values for columns of 0.53, 0.32, 0.22 and 0.15 mm ID are 2.06, 3.67, 3.82 and 3.47%, respectively.
Determination of phenol in landfill leachate by using microchip capillary electrophoresis with end‐channel amperometric detection
Authors: Wu Youyi , Lin Jin‐Ming 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPhenol, 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP), and 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (2,4,6‐TCP) were baseline separated by using a homemade microchip CE with an end‐channel amperometric detector where a 50 μm Pt microdisk working electrode (WE) and a Pt cathode were integrated onto the microchip itself. Separation parameters such as injection time and voltage, pH of the buffer, online pretreatment condition for WE, reproducibility, and detection potential were investigated. Under the selected separation conditions, the linear ranges for phenol, 2,4‐DCP, and 2,4,6‐TCP were 2–200, 4–400, and 4–400 μM, respectively. The LODs were 0.4, 0.5, and 0.7 μM for phenol, 2,4‐DCP, and 2,4,6‐TCP, respectively (S/N = 3). The standard addition method was successfully applied to the analysis of landfill leachate samples and the concentration of phenol in the landfill leachate samples was measured to be 0.32 and 0.21 mM, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 85–103% and corresponding RSDs were less than 5.5%.
Distributional radius of curvature
Authors: Estrada Ricardo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe show that any continuous plane path that turns to the left has a well‐defined distribution that corresponds to the radius of curvature of smooth paths. We show that the distributional radius of curvature determines the path uniquely except for a translation. We show that Dirac delta contributions in the radius of curvature correspond to facets, that is, flat sections of the path, and show how a path can be deformed into a facet by letting the radius of curvature approach a delta function. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical problems of the theory of elasticity of chiral materials for Lipschitz domains
Authors: Natroshvili David , Stratis Ioannis G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBy the potential method, we investigate the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems of the elasticity theory of hemitropic (chiral) materials in the case of Lipschitz domains. We study properties of the single‐ and double‐layer potentials and of certain, generated by them, boundary integral operators. These results are applied to reduce the boundary value problems to the equivalent first and the second kind integral equations and the uniqueness and existence theorems are proved in various function spaces. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling water diffusion anisotropy within fixed newborn primate brain using Bayesian probability theory
Authors: Kroenke Christopher D. , Bretthorst G. Larry , Inder Terrie E. , Neil Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn active area of research involves optimally modeling brain diffusion MRI data for various applications. In this study Bayesian analysis procedures were used to evaluate three models applied to phase‐sensitive diffusion MRI data obtained from formalin‐fixed perinatal primate brain tissue: conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a cumulant expansion, and a family of modified DTI expressions. In the latter two cases the optimum expression was selected from the model family for each voxel in the image. The ability of each model to represent the data was evaluated by comparing the magnitude of the residuals to the thermal noise. Consistent with previous findings from other laboratories, the DTI model poorly represented the experimental data. In contrast, the cumulant expansion and modified DTI expressions were both capable of modeling the data to within the noise using six to eight adjustable parameters per voxel. In these cases the model selection results provided a valuable form of image contrast. The successful modeling procedures differ from the conventional DTI model in that they allow the MRI signal to decay to a positive offset. Intuitively, the positive offset can be thought of as spins that are sufficiently restricted to appear immobile over the sampled range ofb‐values. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gradient echo acquisition for superparamagnetic particles with positive contrast (GRASP): Sequence characterization in membrane and glass superparamagnetic iron oxide phantoms at 1.5T and 3T
Authors: Mani Venkatesh , Briley‐Saebo Karen C. , Itskovich Vitalii V. , Samber Daniel D. , Fayad Zahi A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIron oxides are used for cell trafficking and identification of macrophages in plaque using MRI. Due to the negative contrast, differentiation between signal loss caused by iron and native low signal in tissue may be problematic. It is, therefore, preferable to achieve positive contrast. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a new MRI sequence GRASP (GRe Acquisition for Superparamagnetic Particles) to generate a positive signal in phantoms containing iron. Membrane phantoms were constructed containing Ferumoxide at 7 concentrations. Standard GRE sequences were modified with user controlled z‐gradient rephasing (±100%). CNR values were determined as a function of echo time (TE) and % rephasing at 1.5T and 3T. T2* values were determined using multiple double‐echo GRE. The GRASP sequence generated positive signal enhancement in phantoms containing iron. For all rephasing values ≤30%, positive contrast was observed. The CNR generated at 1.5T was greater than the values at 3T for all concentrations tested. Correlation between CNR at 0% and 100% rephasing was observed at 1.5T(R = 0.84). Additionally, correlation between field change across the volume and CNR was observed. In conclusion, GRASP sequences may be used to generate positive signal enhancement in the presence of iron using MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of lipid‐based carrier systems and inclusion complexes of diethyldithiocarbamate–iron to trap nitric oxide in biological systems
Authors: Charlier Nicolas , Préat Véronique , Gallez Bernard 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe success of spin trapping techniques in vivo hinges on whether spin traps with high trapping efficiency and biocompatibility can be developed. Currently, two iron chelates based on the dithiocarbamate structure (hydrophilic ferro‐di(N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine‐dithiocarbamate, or Fe(II)‐MGD, and lipophilic ferro‐di(diethyldithiocarbamate), or Fe(II)‐DETC), are used for spin trapping of nitric oxide (NO) in biologic systems. However, detection efficiency is hampered by a complex redox chemistry for Fe(II)‐MGD and by the insolubility of Fe(II)‐DETC in water. To circumvent these problems, two new spin trap formulations based on Fe(II)‐DETC were developed: a lipid‐based carrier system stabilized by lecithin and inclusion complexes in hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin. The capability of these two systems to trap NO was determined and compared to the standard spin traps in vitro (in the presence of an NO donor) and in vivo (after induction of septic shock in mice). The sensitivity of the detection of NO was significantly increased (by a factor of 4) using the lipid‐based carrier systems or inclusion complexes compared to the standard spin trap agents. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of single cells in mouse brain with optical validation
Authors: Heyn Chris , Ronald John A. , Mackenzie Lisa T. , MacDonald Ian C. , Chambers Ann F. , Rutt Brian K. , Foster Paula J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the current work we demonstrate, for the first time, that single cells can be detected in mouse brain in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cells were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and injected into the circulation of mice. Individual cells trapped within the microcirculation of the brain could be visualized with high‐resolution MRI using optimized MR hardware and the fast imaging employing steady state acquisition (FIESTA) pulse sequence on a 1.5 T clinical MRI scanner. Single cells appear as discrete signal voids on MR images. Direct optical validation was provided by coregistering signal voids on MRI with single cells visualized using high‐resolution confocal microscopy. This work demonstrates the sensitivity of MRI for detecting single cells in small animals for a wide range of application from stem cell to cancer cell tracking. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stiffness‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Glaser Kevin J. , Felmlee Joel P. , Manduca Armando , Kannan Mariappan Yogesh , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn imaging method is introduced in which the signal in MR images is affected by the stiffness distribution in the object being imaged. Intravoxel phase dispersion (IVPD) that occurs during MR elastography (MRE) acquisitions decreases the signal in soft regions more than in stiff regions due to changes in shear wave amplitude and wavelength. The IVPD effect is enhanced by lowpass filtering the MR k‐space data with a circular Gaussian lowpass filter. A processing method is introduced to take the time series of MRE magnitude images with IVPD and produce a final stiffness‐weighted image (SWI) by calculating the minimum signal at each pixel from a small number of temporal samples. The SWI technique is demonstrated in phantom studies as well as in the case of a preserved postmortem breast tissue specimen with a stiff lesion created by focused ultrasound ablation to mimic a breast cancer. When free of significant sources of depth‐dependent wave attenuation, interference, and boundary effects, SWI is a simple, fast, qualitative technique that does not require the use of phase unwrapping or inversion algorithms for localizing stiff regions in an object. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of dynamic susceptibility contrast cerebral blood flow response to amphetamine challenge: A human pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging study at 1.5 and 4 T
Authors: Rose Stephen E. , Janke Andrew L. , Strudwick Mark W. , McMahon Katie L. , Chalk Jonathan B. , Snyder Peter , De zubicaray Greig I. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPharmacological MRI (phMRI) techniques can be used to monitor the neurophysiological effects of central nervous system (CNS) active drugs. In this study, we investigated whether dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion imaging employing the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Resovist) could be used to measure hemodynamic response to d‐amphetamine challenge in human subjects at both 1.5 and 4 T. Significant changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) were found in focal regions associated with the nigrostriatal circuit and mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways. More significant CBF responses were found at higher field strength, mainly within striatal structures. The results from this study indicate that DSC perfusion imaging using Resovist can be used to assess the efficacy of CNS‐active drugs and may play a role in the development of novel psychiatric therapies at the preclinical level. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gradient and stimulated echo (GRASTE) imaging
Authors: Finsterbusch Jürgen , Frahm Jens , Koch Martin A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAs a modification of single‐shot stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) MRI, a gradient and stimulated echo (GRASTE) sequence is presented that acquires multiple gradient echoes in addition to each stimulated echo. While “contiguous” GRASTE exploits all stimulated echoes for the central part of k‐space and the gradient echoes for outer lines, “interleaved” GRASTE assigns all echoes of a particular readout interval to directly neighboring lines. Phase distortions may be corrected by the reference signals of a single readout interval without phase encoding. Experimental results obtained for the human brain demonstrate that contiguous GRASTE yields up to 30% better SNR per acquisition time than conventional single‐shot STEAM due to a better efficiency and maintains most of its robustness. Interleaved GRASTE can improve the SNR by a factor of 2 because of the possibility of using larger flip angles in the readout interval. However, its more pronounced sensitivity to off‐resonance effects requires short echo trains. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The class of synthesizing cascade structures expansion of vibrating mechanical systems represented by graphs
Authors: Buchacz Andrzej 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the paper the problem of synthesis has been solved and its base has been formalized as far as the vibration discrete mechanical systems of the cascade structures graphs is concerned. In connection with this the basic field, the ideas connected with the class of considered structures and used graphs has been given. The manner of getting the “new” structures as a result of synthesis of the characteristics by means the continued fraction expansion method has been presented in farther part of this paper. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling of Gearbox Vibration and Noise
Authors: Hajžman Michal , Zeman Vladimír 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe paper presents the methodology intended to the vibration and noise analysis of gearboxes or generally of large rotating systems. These systems are considered including their interior rotating shaft system and housing joined together by rollingelement bearings and gear couplings. The new developed bearing model respects real number of rolling bodies and roller contact forces acting between the journals and the outer housing. The model of a complete gearbox is created using the modal synthesis method. Steady state dynamic response of the whole gearbox excited by gear kinematic transmission errors is investigated. A noise radiated by the housing is calculated on the basis of the acoustic power density evaluation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Einflussgrößen von Reibkräften in Kontakten mit Elastomeren
Authors: Kröger Matthias 
Published: December 2005

AbstractUm die Ursachen selbsterregter Schwingungen in dynamischen Systemen zu verstehen, müssen oft Kontakte mit Elastomeren als ein Reibpartner genauer untersucht werden. Hierbei kann eine Vielzahl von Einflussgrößen auf die Reibkraft beobachtet werden, z.B. Relativgeschwindigkeit, Normalkraft, Temperatur, Abrieb, Schmierung. Diese Arbeit zeigt dabei wesentliche, für Elastomerkontakte typische Effekte und deren Ursachen auf. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Linear and Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Active Composite Laminates
Authors: Marinković Dragan , Köppe Heinz , Gabbert Ulrich 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe paper presents a finite element concept for analysis of thin‐walled active structures featuring fiber reinforced composite laminate as a passive structural material. The structure is rendered active by embedding piezoelectric material as a multifunctional material. A 9‐node degenerated shell element based on the first order shear deformation theory is developed as a modelling tool capable of predicting the general behavior of the structure for controlling purposes. The von‐Kármán type nonlinearities are considered. The solution strategy of the geometrical nonlinear analysis is based on the incremental approach using the updated Lagrangian formulation. Some numerical results are given to demonstrate the behavior of the element. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The interaction of surface topography and friction dynamics in brake systems described by a Cellular Automaton
Authors: Müller M. , Ostermeyer G. P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe friction coefficient μ , which is the quotient of the friction force R and the normal force N is in principal not a stationary material parameter, but also dependent on for instance the relative velocity, the normal load, the temperature, the climate conditions, the location and the event itself. The dynamics in the boundary layer between a brake disc and a brake pad is closely linked with the surface topography dynamics. Growing and destroying processes of hard, thin patches, carrying the friction power, determine the time‐dependence of the friction coefficient. This interaction between friction and wear has already been simulated with a set of differential equations [2‐4], which give an idea about the equilibrium of flow in the contact zone and which are able to describe the fading effect, for example. Based on this assumption we discretised the boundary layer with a Cellular Automaton [5], which makes it possible to have a more detailed look at the processes in the contact area. This paper will show new conclusions concerning the interdependencies of the friction behaviour and the surface topography. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Analysis of a Simple Impact Drill Model using Set‐Oriented Numerical Methods
Authors: Neumann Nicolai , Sattel Thomas , Wallaschek Jörg 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSet‐oriented numerical methods provide a relatively new way for obtaining global insight into a non‐linear or even non‐smooth dynamical system. The need for analysis of systems with dynamical behaviour of high complexity arose from investigations on a piezoelectric drilling device, in which vibrational energy is transmitted from an actuator to the drill stem via a free‐flying, impacting mass. Detailed understanding of the dynamics inside of this device is missing to the present day. Here, the use of a set‐oriented approach will be suggested and demonstrated on a basic model for the free‐flying mass. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Torsional Vibration Damping Through Frictional Torsion Damper with Structural Friction and Slide Taken into Consideration
Authors: Skup Zbigniew 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe paper is concerned with a non‐linear discrete stationary mechanical system containing a frictional torsion damper. Proper effect of vibration damping in a two‐degree‐of freedom system can be reached by the right selection of geometrical parameters for given loads, as pre‐determined by a mathematical model. Structural friction was considered, as well as small relative sliding of damper's discs cooperating with a plunger. The system vibrates under harmonic excitation. The problem was considered on the assumption of uniform unit pressure distribution between the contacting surfaces of friction discs and the plunger. When the discs are sliding, the friction coefficient varies, depending on relative angular velocity. Friction characteristics were assumed on the basis of the author's own research and experimental testing by other authors. Properties of the material were assumed to be in accordance with classical theory of elasticity. The author analysed the influence of parameters of the dynamic system upon amplitude and frequency characteristics as well as on phase and frequency characteristics. The equation of motion was solved by means of the slowly‐varying‐parameters method and, in order to compare the results, by means of numerical simulation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)