bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Initialization Shock by Atmosphere–Ocean Coupled Data Assimilation and Its Impacts on the Subseasonal Prediction Skill
Authors: Choi Nakbin , Lee Myong-In , Ham Yoo-Geun , Hyun Yu-Kyung , Lee Johan , Boo Kyung-On 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Atmosphere–ocean coupled model predictions have been hindered by the imbalance of initial states between atmosphere and ocean obtained from independent data assimilation systems. This study tests an atmosphere–ocean coupled data assimilation (CDA) method applied to a state-of-the-art coupled global climate model, the Global Seasonal Forecasting System, version 5 (GloSea5), and investigates its impacts on forecast skills. Weakly coupled data assimilation (WCDA) combines preexisting atmosphere and ocean analysis fields with the coupled model background states, for which the incremental analysis update (IAU) is employed to gradually adjust from the background states to the analysis fields yet maintain balanced states between atmosphere and ocean. While the global analysis from WCDA maintains comparable quality in the spatial distribution of temperature and precipitation to existing reanalysis datasets, it improves the tropical precipitation variability due to the atmosphere–ocean coupling. In short-range forecasting from WCDA, the widespread bias of surface air temperature is reduced, which was originally induced by the differences between sea surface temperature (SST) in the atmospheric initial conditions and that in the oceanic initial conditions. The WCDA impact on the forecast skill is more pronounced in the subseasonal time-scale Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) forecasts by reducing initialization shock in moisture; otherwise, atmospheric convection becomes much suppressed initially and then suddenly produces a large amount of precipitation in the forecasts from uncoupled initialization.
Depression and comorbid chronic physical health diseases in the Australian population: A scoping review
Authors: Srinivasan Gouri , Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan Srinivas , McGrail Matthew , Garg Vikas , Nasir Bushra 
Published: February 2025

Objective: Chronic diseases are a major challenge in Australia, contributing to disability, premature mortality, and a significant healthcare burden. This burden is intensified when depression, a common mental health issue, co-occurs with chronic diseases. This scoping review aimed to investigate the relationship between depression and comorbid chronic diseases, namely cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Australian population. Methods: Following Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, this scoping review searched for English-language articles published between January 2013 and December 2023. The review targeted studies examining depression and selected comorbid chronic diseases within the Australian population. Two independent reviewers conducted data screening and extraction, with results synthesised into tables and summarised narratively. Results: The search yielded 31 quantitative studies, highlighting a high prevalence of depression co-occurring with chronic diseases. Key findings included the worsening of chronic disease severity by depression, compounded by gender and age disparities, and the impact of socioeconomic factors impairing the quality of life. The review also identified significant challenges in the provision of care, particularly in rural areas, emphasising the need for integrated care models, and enhanced healthcare training. Conclusion: This review revealed critical research gaps in understanding the relationship between depression and chronic diseases, particularly regarding underrepresented groups such as younger adults and rural populations. It highlights the need for improved diagnostic criteria, treatment approaches, and professional training, advocating for targeted research and policy interventions to improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals with depression and selected comorbid chronic diseases.
Quantified assessment of modelled impacts on asymmetric composite laminates
Authors: Zhyhylii Dmytro , Pozovnyi Oleksandr , Chai Eric YH , Dvurecenska Ksenija , Christian William JR 
Published: February 2025

Modern approaches to exploring the impact behaviour of composite components involve computer models such that the components are virtually tested. However, for these virtual tests to be trusted they require careful validation using experimental data. This study demonstrates a quantitative validation approach for confirming the effectiveness of a simplified impact model. A set of six asymmetric laminates was impacted at 30 J whilst their bottom surface was monitored using high-speed cameras. The camera images were processed to obtain full-field strain which was then used to validate the model by the orthogonal decomposition technique. The validation procedure has confirmed that the model provides reasonable predictions of impact behaviour and gives insights into how it could be improved. The overall approach demonstrates how virtual testing of composite components can be vigorously validated. Validated virtual testing can then provide a low-cost and rapid route to the certification of lightweight composite structures.
Endolymphatic Sac Tumor. Post-Radiosurgery Evaluation Using Time-Resolved Imaging of Contrast Kinetics MR Angiography
Authors: Blandino Antonella , Romano Allegra , Filippi Chiara , Pizzolante Sofia , Romano Andrea , Moltoni Giulia , Covelli Edoardo , Barbara Maurizio , Bozzao Alessandro 
Published: February 2025

Endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) is a rare, aggressive hypervascular tumor of the posterior petrous bone. These tumors can manifest independently or in conjunction with Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) syndrome. Currently, the primary treatment strategy involves complete surgical excision, though the role of radiotherapy remains debated. We are reporting a case of a 35-year-old female patient affected by ELST associated with VHL syndrome, managed solely through stereotactic radiosurgery and monitored by time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics magnetic resonance sequence.
Exploratory analysis of the professional quality of life in an Italian radiotherapy department: The role of empathy and alexithymia
Authors: Burla Tiziana , Zaffaroni Mattia , Marvaso Giulia , Mazzocco Ketti , Galli Gabriele , Vincini Maria Giulia , Mastroleo Federico , Sarra Fiore Massimo , Pravettoni Gabriella , Jereczek-Fossa Barbara Alicja 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Professional quality of life (QoL) is crucial for healthcare workers as it affects performance at work and interaction with patients, but little is known about stressors influencing radiation oncology professionals. The present study aims to explore the professional QoL of radiation oncologists (ROs) and radiation therapists (RTTs) in an Italian radiotherapy department and to report data about the possible impact of personality factors, such as alexithymia and empathy. Material and methods: Participants filled out three validated questionnaires measuring the professional QoL, alexithymia, and empathy: (i) Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL); (ii) Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20); (iii) Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Correlation, regression analyses and non-parametric tests were run. Results: A total of 48 professionals completed the survey (66.7% ROs, 33.3% RTTs). Considering the ProQOL dimensions, moderate levels of risk for burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress (STS) were found. BO was found to be predictive by TAS-20 total score (β=.37, p=.010), while STS resulted to be predictive by TAS-20 total score (β=.54, p <.001) and IRI Empathic Concern subscale (β=.45, p <.001). No significant differences were found between ROs and RTTs for all the considered variables, except for TAS-20 total score ( p=.032), higher for RTTs. Conclusions: Results showed no evidence of high risk of burnout and no intrinsic differences regarding the professional QoL between ROs and RTTs. Findings suggest a significant role of alexithymia and empathy predicting professional QoL. These results underscore the importance of promoting a positive work environment and emotional competencies to prevent high stress levels.
Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Its Association With Histological Grade in a Chinese Population
Authors: Cao Ying-Ying , Lv Xiao-Jing , Li Hui , Qian Li-Chao , Si Hai-Peng , Li Yuan , Guo Kai , Ren Shuai , Wang Zhong-Qiu 
Published: February 2025

Background Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) may influence cancer development. However, its relationship with the histological grade of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not well understood. This study aims to explore the potential associations between serum HDL-c levels and different histological grades of PDAC. Methods This retrospective study included 181 patients with pathologically confirmed PDAC who underwent radical surgery. Clinical data, blood biochemical results, imaging features, and pathological details of the patients were collected, such as age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, tumor grade, tumor size and location, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Results Patients with high-grade PDAC had significantly lower HDL-c levels compared to those with low-grade PDAC across both training and validation cohorts ( P < 0.05). Significant associations were found between HDL-c levels and high-grade PDAC in the training ( P < 0.001) and validation ( P = 0.044) groups. Moreover, HDL-c levels were inversely related to lymph node metastasis in the training ( P = 0.001) and validation ( P = 0.012) sets. Conclusions Lower HDL-c levels are associated with high-grade PDAC and lymph node metastasis, suggesting that HDL-c may play a protective role in the progression of PDAC.
Validation of A Nationwide Digital Pediatric Pathology Consultation Network
Authors: Chen Haiying , Putra Juan , Nagy Anita , Terry Jefferson , El Demellawy Dina , de Nanassy Joseph , Schollenberg Erica , Haig Aaron , Stefanovici Camelia , Whelan Kathryn , Poulin Alysa , Dal Soglio Dorothee , Chen Zesheng , Smith Brian , Fiore Cindy , Somers Gino R. 
Published: February 2025

Background: Digital pathology facilitates remote pathology consultations. Pediatric pathologists in Canada formed a nationwide digital pathology consultation network, mostly for second opinion review of pediatric cancer cases. Validation of such a large network for clinical use is challenging. Here we report our unique validation process of this digital pathology network. Method: This study was designed in keeping with the College of American Pathologist (CAP) guidelines, and included 14 pathologists from 9 hospitals across Canada. All cases are pediatric pathology cases. Each pathologist reviewed multiple digital cases and the corresponding glass slide cases. For each review, intra-observer concordance (diagnosis on digital case versus diagnosis on glass slide case) was recorded, creating a data point. Result: The study generated 269 valid diagnostic data points. Out of the 269 data points, 257 were concordant (95.5% concordance), exceeding the CAP recommendation of 95% concordance. Thus, the network was successfully validated. Conclusion: This is a unique validation study for a large nationwide digital pediatric pathology network. The study involved all pathologists/hospitals in the network, closely emulating real world clinical process. The network was successfully validated.
Clinical characteristics of semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia with TDP-43- and tau-related gene variants
Authors: Ma Yayu , Tang Chao , Lei Xiaoyang , Wang Li , He Dian 
Published: February 2025

Background Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) can be inheritable. There is a predictable relationship between the pathological substrate and genetic variants in this condition. Objective To report a case with svPPA who carried a MAPT gene mutation and to explore clinical differences between svPPA with TDP-43 pathology-related genes and svPPA with tau pathology-related genes. Methods Studies reporting svPPA patients with MAPT, TARDBP, GRN, C9orf72, or TBK1 gene mutations were selected from PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Of the 109 articles from the literature, 31 reports involving 75 cases provided the outcomes of interest. Results Along with the new case, 76 patients (43 males and 33 females) were included in this study. Among them, 34 carried MAPT mutations, 15 with TARDBP mutations, 13 with GRN mutations, 8 with C9orf72 expansions, and 6 with TBK1 mutations. The analysis results revealed that the mean age of onset in the tau pathology-related gene mutation group (50.56 ± 7.46 years) was younger than that in the TDP-43 pathology-related gene mutation group (58.19 ± 7.66 years) (p < 0.001). MAPT and TARDBP mutations were more prevalent in the study population, accounting for 44.7% and 19.7%, respectively. Within the MAPT gene mutation population, P301L accounted for 41.2%, while IVS10 + 16C > T accounted for 38.2%. Among the TARDBP gene mutation carriers, I383V accounted for 73.3%. Conclusions The onset age in svPPA patients with tau pathology-related gene mutations is younger than in those with TDP-43 pathology-related gene mutations. MAPT variants, specifically P301L and IVS10 + 16C > T, as well as TARDBP I383V variant, may have higher mutation frequency in svPPA.
Sex-specific effects of apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype on longitudinal hippocampal atrophy in amnestic mild cognitive impairment over a 2-year evaluation period
Authors: Park Chang Hyun , Lee Hyunji , Lee Young-Min , Lee Byung-Dae , Moon Eunsoo , Suh Hwagyu , Kim Kyungwon , Kim Hak-Jin , Shim Hwanwook , Pak Kyoungjune , Choi Kyung-Un , Kim Chang-Seok 
Published: February 2025

Background Hippocampal atrophy is implicated in the early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is closely associated with rapid cognitive decline and serves as a critical predictor for conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. Consequently, with growing interest in utilizing hippocampal volume (HV) as an outcome measure in clinical trials, elucidating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying hippocampal atrophy is essential for early diagnosing AD and predicting its progression. Objective The risk of AD associated with the apolipoprotein E ε4 ( APOE4) allele is higher in females than in males. However, the presence of sex-specific effects of the APOE4 genotype on longitudinal hippocampal atrophy (ΔHV) remains unclear. We aimed to examine the effects of the interaction between the APOE4 genotype and sex on ΔHV in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods This hospital-based prospective longitudinal study included 73 patients with aMCI. ΔHV, the major outcome measure, was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging performed at a baseline date and 2 years after the baseline evaluation. A two-way analysis of variance was conducted to examine the effects of the interaction between the APOE4 genotype and sex on ΔHV over the 2-year period. Results A significant interaction was observed between APOE4 and sex concerning ΔHV ( p = 0.036). In females, ΔHV significantly correlated with the APOE4 status. Female APOE4 carriers (ε3/ε4) exhibited 2.3 times higher ΔHV compared with female non-carriers (ε3/ε3) (−0.51 ± 0.28 versus −0.22 ± 0.26, p < 0.001). In contrast, ΔHV was not linked to the APOE4 status in males ( p = 0.599). Conclusions We identified that the APOE4 genotype affected ΔHV in females. Our findings suggest that female APOE4 carriers, unlike males, may be more susceptible than non-carriers to the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of hippocampal atrophy in aMCI.
Bayesian network modeling of statistical dependency within cognitive domains and clinical dementia severity ratings for Western and Indian cohorts
Authors: Kumar Wupadrasta Santosh , Bhutare Sayali Rajendra , Sinha Neelam , Issac Thomas Gregor ,   For the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative *
Published: February 2025

Background Dementia is studied rigorously in the current times, to assess the potential factors that contribute towards its progression, such as demographic factors, geographical background as well as to understand its impact on essential life skills. Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, is a major focus due to its prevalence and lack of curative treatments. Objective We aim to study dementia progression across two geographically distinct populations, by analyzing Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores and its domain-specific components, which reflect the decline in essential life skills. This analysis may support clinicians in designing targeted interventions. Methods This study investigates the statistical dependencies between the CDR and its six defining domain scores across two distinct aging datasets: the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the Longitudinal Aging Study of India (LASI). We analyzed the dependencies among domain scores and their influence on the global CDR in both datasets using data-driven directed acyclic graphs, within Bayesian network models. Results Distinct notable similarities and differences in the associations and the edge strengths between the Western and Indian populations were identified. Memory showed similar prominence in contributing towards global CDR, while the incoming edges on memory domain reduced in LASI over ADNI, specifically from the domains, Home and hobbies, and Community affairs. Conclusions The analysis highlights a stronger dependency of CDR scores on memory functions in both datasets. The results overall elucidate population-specific differences and similarities in dementia progression across diverse demographic contexts.
Predicting stroke in patients with infective endocarditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors
Authors: Jumah Ammar , Mohamedelkhair Ahmed , Elfaham Abdelrahman , Batista Savio , Ma Tianwen , Ngo Savannah L , Mashina Marwan , Mohn Dennis J , Vismara Thomas , Reardon Taylor , Chughtai Fatima , Sanchez Gustavo JS , Vilardo Marina , Camerotte Raphael , Ramadan Ahmad Riad 
Published: February 2025

Background: Neurological complications in patients with infective endocarditis (IE), such as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, are well described; however, predicting which patients are most likely to experience stroke remains uncertain. Aims: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the factors associated with the risk of stroke in patients hospitalized with IE. Methods: A systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to 27 June 2024 was conducted. Articles evaluating risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with IE were included. Meta-analysis of odds ratios was feasible for only some predictive factors due to study heterogeneity. Cochrane’s Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Exposure tool was used for risk-of-bias assessment. Summary of Review: Of 3538 studies identified, 35 were included: 9 prospective and 26 retrospective cohort. Staphylococcus aureus infection (odds ratio (OR) 3.05; 95% CI, 1.96–4.73, I2 = 77.2%; 9 studies) and 1-mm increment in vegetation size (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.02–1.55, I2 = 90.1%; 3 studies) were associated with a higher risk of AIS, after adjusting for other covariates. High-intensity signals on transcranial Doppler, and comorbidities such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and hyperlipidemia were also found to be associated with a higher risk of AIS. The risk of ICH was increased by thrombocytopenia, mycotic aneurysms, prior ICH or AIS, and cerebral microbleeds. Conclusion: Our study has identified factors which are associated with increased stroke risk in IE and may help physicians predict risk. While echocardiographic and neuroimaging findings may be particularly informative, underlying comorbidities and various laboratory values may also contribute to predicting IE-associated strokes.
Risk factors for urinary septic shock following ureteroscopy for stone disease
Authors: Nsair Ameer , Mullerad Michael , Goldin Oleg , Amiel Gilad E. , Reumi Michael , Malshy Kamil , Hoffman Azik 
Published: February 2025

Objective: We aimed to identify risk factors associated with urinary septic shock following ureteroscopy. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent ureteroscopy between 2010 and 2021. Data collected included demographics and preoperative variables. Septic shock was defined as the need for vasopressors for sepsis. A comparison was made between patients who developed septic shock and a randomly selected control group (N = 115). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors. Results: Of 5000 ureteroscopy procedures, 20 cases of septic shock were identified. These patients were older, had a higher median body mass index, more hypertension, higher preoperative urinary drainage, longer drainage duration and positive preoperative urine cultures. On multivariate analysis, age over 55 years, body mass index above 26 and positive preoperative urine culture were significant predictors of septic shock. Conclusion: Consistent with findings reported in previous studies, older age, higher body mass index and positive preoperative urine cultures are key risk factors for postureteroscopy septic shock. Enhanced safety measures are essential for high-risk patients.
The Utility of Smart Multiple Daily Injection Systems in Intensive Insulin-Treated People With Diabetes: An Italian Expert Consensus
Authors: Giorgino Francesco , Bonfanti Riccardo , Castaldo Filomena , Irace Concetta , Laurenzi Andrea , Maffeis Claudio , Pappagallo Giovanni , Pitocco Dario , Rabbone Ivana , Zarra Emanuela , Scaramuzza Andrea Enzo 
Published: February 2025

Background: Smart systems for multiple daily injections (Smart MDI) integrate continuous glucose monitoring, connected insulin pens, smartphone apps, and cloud-based data storage to provide bolus and corrective dose suggestions, reminders/alerts, automatic tracking and sharing of insulin therapy, and glycemic data to users, caregivers, and providers. This is an expert consensus on the clinical value of Smart MDI and critical points for implementation in adults and children/adolescents with diabetes. Methods: A nominal group technique combined with the estimate-talk-estimate approach was employed to achieve consensus among panel members from the Italian Intersociety Technology and Diabetes Study Group with expertise in pediatric and adult diabetes care. Results: The expert consensus indicated that glycemic profiles can be improved by using bolus dose suggestions based on glucose values, planned meals, the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio, correction factors, and consideration of insulin-on-board. Automatic remote sharing of patient data on glycemia and insulin therapy allows clinicians to make more appropriate and timely therapeutic recommendations based on objective data. Dose tracking, bolus reminders/alerts, and reduced hypoglycemia and associated anxiety achieved through Smart MDI may improve adherence. Conclusions: Smart MDI can reduce treatment burden while improving the daily experiences and glycemic outcomes for adults and children/adolescents with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. However, high-quality clinical data are lacking, and more evidence is needed to compare the effects of Smart MDI and other advanced insulin delivery systems on glycemic and patient-reported outcomes.