bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pluripotential Reprogramming of the Somatic Genome in Hybrid Cells Occurs with the First Cell Cycle
Authors: Han Dong Wook , Do Jeong Tae , Gentile Luca , Stehling Martin , Lee Hoon Taek , Schöler Hans R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The fusion of pluripotent embryonic cells with somatic cells results in reprogramming of the somatic cell genome. Oct4-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenes that do not contain the proximal enhancer (PE) region are widely used to visualize reprogramming of the somatic to the pluripotent cell state. The temporal onset of Oct4-GFP activation has been found to occur 40–48 hours postfusion. We asked whether activation of the transgene actually reflects activation of the endogenous Oct4 gene. In the current study, we show that activation of an Oct4-GFP transgene that contains the PE region occurs within 22 hours of fusion. In addition, demethylation of the Oct4-GFP transgene and that of the endogenous Oct4 and Nanog genes was found to occur within 24 hours of fusion. As this timing corresponds with the timing of cell cycle completion in embryonic stem cells and fusion hybrids (∼22 hours), we postulate that pluripotential reprogramming of the somatic cell genome begins during the first cell cycle after the fusion of a somatic cell with a pluripotent cell and has been completed by day 2 postfusion.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Derivation, Characterization, and In Vitro Differentiation of Canine Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Hayes Brian , Fagerlie Sara R. , Ramakrishnan Aravind , Baran Szczepan , Harkey Michael , Graf Lynn , Bar Merav , Bendoraite Ausra , Tewari Muneesh , Torok-Storb Beverly 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Canine embryonic stem (cES) cell lines were generated to establish a large-animal preclinical model for testing the safety and efficacy of embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived tissue replacement therapy. Putative cES cell lines were initiated from canine blastocysts harvested from natural matings. Times of harvest were estimated as 12–16 days after the presumed surge in circulating levels of luteinizing hormone. Four lines established from blastocysts harvested at days 13–14 postsurge satisfied most of the criteria for embryonic stem cells, whereas lines established after day 14 did not. One line, Fred Hutchinson dog (FHDO)-7, has been maintained through 34 passages and is presented here. FHDO-7 cells are alkaline phosphatase-positive and express both message and protein for the Oct4 transcription factor. They also express message for Nanog and telomerase but do not express message for Cdx2, which is associated with trophectoderm. Furthermore, they express a cluster of pluripotency-associated microRNAs (miRs) (miR-302b, miR-302c, and miR-367) characteristic of human and mouse ES cells. The FHDO-7 cells grow on feeder layers of modified mouse embryonic fibroblasts as flat colonies that resemble ES cells from mink, a close phylogenetic relative of dog. When cultured in nonadherent plates without feeders, the cells form embryoid bodies (EBs). Under various culture conditions, the EBs give rise to ectoderm-derived neuronal cells expressing γ-enolase and β3-tubulin; mesoderm-derived cells producing collagen IIA1, cartilage, and bone; and endoderm-derived cells expressing α-fetoprotein or Clara cell-specific protein.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Reduced Immunogenicity of First-Trimester Human Fetal Pancreas
Authors: Brands Kerstin , Colvin Emily , Williams Lindy J. , Wang Rennian , Lock Richard B. , Tuch Bernard E. 
Published: December 2007

OBJECTIVE—The use of human fetal pancreatic tissue may provide a potential source of transplantable β-cells as a therapy for type 1 diabetes. Human fetal pancreas has a remarkable capacity to grow and differentiate in vivo and has been shown to reverse diabetes in rodents. However, it is known that human fetal pancreas obtained from the second trimester of gestation is immunogenic and is rejected after transplantation. Tissue obtained from earlier stages might prove to be immune privileged, as has been shown for other tissues.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this study, we determined the immunogenicity of human fetal pancreatic tissue obtained from the first trimester of gestation in a humanized mouse model. A microarray study of immunoregulatory gene expression in first- and second-trimester human fetal pancreas was also undertaken.RESULTS—The analysis of transplanted human fetal pancreata revealed a significantly decreased immunogenicity of the first-trimester tissue. The first-trimester grafts showed only limited cellular infiltration and contained numerous insulin-positive cells, whereas second-trimester tissue was completely infiltrated and rejected. Furthermore an analysis of immunoregulatory genes expressed in first- and second-trimester human fetal pancreas by microarray demonstrated the upregulation of several key immunoregulatory genes in the second-trimester tissue. This might account for the reduced immunogenicity of the younger tissue.CONCLUSIONS—Our results provide the first indication that the use of first-trimester human fetal pancreas for transplantation might increase the survival of the grafts and might decrease the requirement for immunosuppressive drugs.
Phase transitions of K2TaF7 within 680–800°C
Authors: Kosa Ladislav , Macková Iveta , Proks Ivo , Pritula Ondrej , Smrčok Ľubomír , Boča Miroslav , Rundlőf Håkan 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Three thermal effects on heating/cooling of K2TaF7 in the temperature interval of 680–800°C were investigated by the DSC method. The values determined for the enthalpy change of the individual processes are: ΔtransIIHm(K2TaF7; 703°C) = 1.7(2) kJ mol−1, ΔtransIHm(K2TaF7; 746°C) = 19(1) kJ mol−1 and ΔtransIIIHm(K2TaF7; 771°C) = 13(1) kJ mol−1. The first thermal effect was attributed to a solid-solid phase transition; the second to the incongruent melting of K2TaF7 and the third to mixing of two liquids. These findings are supported by in situ neutron powder diffraction experiments performed in the temperature interval of 654–794°C.
Preparation and shape control of β-Ni(OH)2 nano-particle
Authors: Gao Yuan , Liu Huitao , Ma Mianjun 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A simple and convenient method for the preparation of needle-shape nanoparticles of β-Ni(OH)2 has been developed. Results show that a needle-shaped β-Ni(OH)2 can be easily obtained in the presence of ethylenediamine and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate within a size from 100 to 200 nm. The shape and structure of the product were characterized by XRD, TEM and FT-IR. It is noteworthy that the formation of needle-shape β-Ni(OH)2 benefits from the addition of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The optimum preparation conditions and the possible mechanism are also discussed.
Palladium-catalyzed amination of quinaldine-5-triflate
Authors: Fekete Melinda , Töröncsi Mercedesz , Novak Lajos 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed amination reactions of quinoline triflate and the effect of a Pd catalyst, its ligands, solvents, bases, and temperature were studied. This method facilitated an easier pathway for the preparation of aminoquinoline derivatives as potential precursors of new serotoninerg agents.
Navigated versus conventional drilling of the knee in a model of obesity
Authors: Beckmann Johannes , Tingart Markus , Goetz Juergen , Anders Sven , Grifka Joachim , Kock Franz 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Core decompression by exact drilling into ischemic lesions of the femoral condyle stays a challenging procedure, particularly in obese patients. The precision of fluoroscopically-based drilling compared to conventional drilling was evaluated in an in-vitro model for obesity. 40 sawbones were prepared mimicking osteonecrosis in obese patients. 20 sawbones were drilled by guidance of an intraoperative navigation system VectorVision® (BrainLAB, Munich, Germany); the other 20 sawbones were conventionally drilled by fluoroscopic control only. Regarding the distance to the desired mid-point of the lesion, a statistically significant difference with 0.55 mm in the navigated group and 1.19 mm in the control group could be stated (p<0.001). Significant differences were further found for the number of drilling corrections (p<0.001) and radiation time needed (p<0.001). Even in difficult circumstances as in obese patients, the drilling guided by the VectorVision®-navigation system shows high precision with simultaneous enormous reduction of radiation time.
Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 over TiO2 based catalysts
Authors: Kočí Kamila , Obalová Lucie , Lacný Zdeněk 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAt present, carbon dioxide is considered the largest contributor among greenhouse gases. This review covers the current state of problem of carbon dioxide emissions from industrial and combustion processes, the principle of photocatalysis, existing literature related to photocatalytic CO2 reduction over TiO2 based catalysts and the effects of important parameters on the process performance including light wavelength and intensity, type of reductant, metal-modified surface, temperature and pressure.
Modeling of enzymatic reaction in an airlift reactor using an axial dispersion model
Authors: Sikula Ivan , Markoš Jozef 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis work was focused on modeling of biochemical processes in a 40-L internal-loop airlift reactor. Due to different mixing in the specific zones of the reactor four main sections, bottom, riser, separator and downcomer, were recognized. Each zone was modeled by an adequate mixing model: bottom and separator sections by the model of ideally-stirred reactor; riser and downcomer sections by the model of plug-flow reactor with axial dispersion. In the model, the effects of mass transfer, hydrodynamics, and reaction kinetics were taken into account. The model of the reactor was experimentally verified by the aerobic enzymatic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. Simulations are in good agreement with experimental data.
HAZOP study of a fixed bed reactor for MTBE synthesis using a dynamic approach
Authors: Labovský Juraj , Švandová Zuzana , Markoš Jozef , Jelemenský L’udovít 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA methodology for hazard investigation based on the integration of a mathematical model approach into hazard and operability analysis is presented. This approach is based on mathematical modelling of a process unit where both steady-state analysis, including analysis of the steady states multiplicity and stability, and dynamic simulation are used. The dynamic simulation serves for the investigation of consequences of failures of the main controlled parameters, i.e. inlet temperature, feed temperature and feed composition. This simulation is also very useful for the determination of the influence of failure duration on the reactor behaviour. On the other hand, the steady state simulation can predict the reactor behaviour in a wide range of failure magnitude and determine the parametric zones, where shifting from one steady state to another one may occur. A fixed bed reactor for methyl tertiary-butyl ether synthesis was chosen to identify potential hazard and operational problems of a real process.
Influence of the reactive distillation column configuration on its performance: A computational study
Authors: Švandová Zuzana , Markoš Jozef , Jelemenský L’udovít 
Published: December 2007

AbstractComparison of the performance of a reactive distillation column with three different hardware configurations is presented. As a reaction system the methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) synthesis has been chosen. The sieve tray columns with catalyst (encased inside wire gauze envelopes) placed along the liquid flow path differ in the number of reactive trays. The column simulations have been performed using the nonequilibrium model. The steady state behaviour of the three different hardware configurations was studied regarding the three input parameters; feed flow rate of methanol, feed flow rate of butenes, and reflux ratio. It has been shown that by varying the location of the methanol feed stage, the columns exhibit significantly different solution diagrams using the butenes feed flow rate as a continuation parameter. Using dynamic simulations, different perturbations of the manipulated variables were found to cause transitions between multiple steady states and these were also investigated. The major objective of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of the hardware choice in the performance of a reactive distillation column e.g. during the start-up or if occasional variations of the operating parameters occur.
Reactive distillation — experimental data for propyl propionate synthesis
Authors: Kotora Marcel , Buchaly Carsten , Kreis Peter , Górak Andrzej , Markoš Jozef 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA set of experimental data for heterogeneously catalysed esterification of propan-1-ol and propionic acid to propyl propionate in a pilot scale reactive distillation column is presented. The catalytic section of the column was equipped with the structured packing Katapak SP-11. Both, rectifying and stripping, sections consisted of the non-reactive structured Sulzer BX packing. As catalyst, the strongly acidic ion-exchange resin Amberlyst 46 was used. The experimental results show concentration as well as temperature profiles along the column height and therefore exhibit reliable data for model validation purposes.
Mixing time of a non-Newtonian liquid in an unbaffled agitated vessel with an eccentric propeller
Authors: Szoplik Jolanta , Karcz Joanna 
Published: December 2007

AbstractExperimental study of mixing time of non-Newtonian shear-thinning fluids within the transitional regime (3 × 102 < Re < 3 × 103) of liquid flow is presented. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of eccentricity and pumping mode of the impeller as well as of position of the tracer dosage point into the agitated liquid on mixing time. The measurements were conducted in an unbaffled agitated vessel with inner diameter D = 0.7 m equipped with an up-or down-pumping propeller located centrically (e/R = 0) or eccentrically (e/R ≠ 0) in the vessel. Experiments were carried out by means of computer-aided unsteady-state thermal method for three positions of the tracer dosage point. The experimental data show that eccentric position of the propeller in an unbaffled vessel causes a decrease of the mixing time compared to that obtained in a vessel with a centrically located propeller. Mixing time depends also on the pumping mode of the propeller as well as on the position of the tracer dosage point.
Heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop during refrigerant R-134a condensation in a plate heat exchanger
Authors: Djordjević Emila , Kabelac Stephan , Šerbanović Slobodan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe condensation heat transfer coefficient and the two-phase pressure drop of refrigerant R-134a in a vertical plate heat exchanger were investigated experimentally. The area of the plate was divided into several segments along the vertical axis. For each of the segments, local values of the heat transfer coefficient and frictional pressure drop were calculated and presented as a function of the mean vapor quality in the segment. Owing to the thermocouples installed along the plate surface, it was possible to determine the temperature distribution and vapor quality profile inside the plate. The influences of the mass flux and the heat flux on the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop were also taken into account and a comparison with previously published experimental data and literature correlations was carried out.
Distribution of local heat transfer coefficient values in the wall region of an agitated vessel
Authors: Cudak Magdalena , Karcz Joanna 
Published: December 2007

AbstractExperimentally found local heat transfer coefficients are analyzed as a function of the measuring point on the heat transfer surface area of the agitated vessel wall and of the impeller eccentricity. Eccentric Rushton turbine and A 315 impeller are considered. Local heat transfer coefficients were measured by means of the computer-aided electrochemical method. The measurements were performed in an agitated vessel with inner diameter 0.3 m, filled with liquid up to the height equal to the vessel diameter. The experiments were carried out within the turbulent regime of the Newtonian liquid flow in the agitated vessel. The results were compared with the data obtained for the agitated vessel equipped with an eccentrically located axial flow propeller or an HE 3 impeller. Experimental studies show that the distributions of the heat transfer coefficient values depend on the impeller eccentricity, impeller type and the direction of the liquid circulation in the agitated vessel.
Validation of the Tessier scheme for speciation of metals in soil using the Bland and Altman test
Authors: Frentiu Tiberiu , Ponta Michaela , Levei Erika , Gheorghiu Emilia , Kasler Iosif , Cordos Emil 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Tessier extraction method was used for speciation of Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Fe and Mn in a large concentration range in contaminated soil with various mineralogical compositions. The results were compared by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) as a reference method using the Bland and Altman test. A sum of five fractions (exchangeable, bound to carbonates, Fe-Mn oxides, organic matter and residual forms) was compared with the total content determined on solid matrix by the reference method. A good agreement between the methods in the whole concentration range was found for Cu, Zn, As, and Fe. For Mn and Pb, XRF was found suitable to verify the sequential extraction only for concentrations above 250 mg kg−1. This was a consequence of a poorer reproducibility of Pb extraction using the Tessier scheme due to a great difference in the mineralogical composition and the diversity of the Pb species identified in soil. The poorer result of Mn was attributed to the spectral interference of Fe in XRF.
Perspective methods of human identification: Ear biometrics
Authors: Choraś M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGeometrical methods of feature extraction from ear images in order to perform human identification are presented. Geometrical approach is motivated by the actual procedures used by police and forensic experts (so-called ear otoscopy). In their work, geometrical features of ears such as size, height, width, and shapes of earlobe are useful and valid proofs of identity. The contribution of the article is development of the new and original methods of geometrical feature extraction from 2D ear images. Four novel algorithms of ear feature extraction from contour images are described in detail. Moreover, identification results obtained for each of the methods, based on the distance of feature vectors in the feature space, are presented.
Speech by any other name: the role of communication aids in interaction
Authors: Smith Martine M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTSThe functional communication systems of four physically disabled children with severe speech impairment were evaluated in terms of: (1) perceived dominant modes of communication; (2) observed frequency of communication mode occurrence; and (3) role of communication device in total communication system. All four subjects used a range of communication modes to reflect personal and listener preferences, and in response to differing conversational requirements. ‘Standard’ communication modes were mentioned more frequently by teachers and parents, and were observed more frequently in interactions. Augmentative and alternative communication devices played a limited but important role within total communication systems. A hierarchy of influences affecting the choice of communication mode is suggested.Les systèmes fonctionnels de communication de quatre enfants infirmes physiques et souffrant de déficiences sévères de la parole, ont été evalués en fonction des critères suivants: (1) les modes de communication perçus comme dominants, (2) les fréquences observés des manifestations des modes de communication, et (3) le r&#x006f;&#x030c;le de l'outil communicatif au sein du système global de communication. Les quatre sujets ont tous utilisé un ensemble de modes de communication qui reflétaient des préférences personnelles et celles des auditeurs, et en fonction des différents besoins de la conversation. Ce sont les modes de communication ‘standard’ qui ont été mentionnés le plus fréquemment par les enseignants et les parents, et qui ont été observés le plus souvent dans les interactions. Les moyens de communication alternatifs et augmentatifs ont joué un r&#x006f;&#x030c;le limité, mais malgré tout important, dans le cadre total des systèmes de communication. Il est suggéré qu'il existe une hiérarchie d'influences qui détermine le choix des modes de communication.Die funktionalen Kommunikationssysteme vierer körperlich behinderter Kinder mit starker Sprachbehinderung wurden hinsichtlich folgender Dimensionen evaluiert: (1) Wahrgenommener dominanter Kommunikationsmodus; (2) beobachtete Häufigkeit der Kommunikationsmodi; (3) Rolle einer Kommunikationshilfe im gesamten Kommunikationssystem Alle vier Personen verwendeten eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Kommunikationsmodi, die die persönlichen Präferenzen und die der Hörer widerspiegelten und die den verschiedenen Gesprächsbedürfnissen angepaßt waren. ‘Standardmodi’ der Kommunikation wurden häufiger von Lehrern und Eltern erwähnt und wurden auch in Interaktionen häufiger beobachtet. Alternative, zusätzliche Kommunikationshilfen spielten eine begrenzte aber wichtige Rolle innerhalb des gesamten Kommunikationssystems. Eine Hierarchie von Einflußgrößen wird konstatiert, die sich auf die Wahl des Kommunikationsmodus auswirkt.
Conversation as therapy for older adults in residential care: the case for intervention
Authors: Erber Norman P. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTSSocial isolation resulting from sensory loss tends to reduce life satisfaction in older adults. Residence in a long‐term care facility such as a nursing home does little to alleviate their communication needs. Potenial communication partners are available (e.g. other residents, family and friends, nursing staff, volunteers, health‐care workers), but many need instruction, counselling and feedback to become therapeutically effective. The speech pathologist's experience as both communication therapist and social facilitator can enhance consultation and staff training in this areaChez les personnes a&#x030c;gées le déclin de la vue et de l'ouïe crée un isolement social qui réduit le sentiment de bien‐ětre. Résider dans un univers de soins à long terme comme une maison de retraite n'apporte guère a la satisfaction des besoins de communication. Il existe certes des interlocuteurs (par example les autres résidents, la famille et les amis, le personnel soignant, les bénévoles, les assistants sociaux) mais beaucoup auraient besoin de formation, de conseils et d'information en retour pour acquérir une efficacité thérapeutique. L'expérience du spécialiste de la pathologie de la parole, en tant que thérapeute de la communication et facilitateur social, peut avoir un effet positif sur la consultation et sur l'entrainement du personnel dans ce domaine.Soziale Isolation als Folge sensorischer Verluste trägt zur Reduktion der Lebenszufriedenheit älterer Menschen bei. Das Wohnen in einer Fürsorgeanstalt, z.B. in einem Pflegeheim, hilft wenig, ihre Kommunikationsbedürfnisse zu erfüllen. Potentielle Kommunikationspartner sind vorhanden (z.B. andere Bewohner, Familienmitglieder und Freunde, Pflegepersonal, Freiwillige Helfer, Sozialarbeiter), aber viele brauchen Hinweise, Beratung und Rückkopplung, um therapeutisch wirksam werden zu können. Die Erfahrung des Sprachtherapeuten als Kommunikationstherapeut und als Förderer sozialer Interaktion kann zur Besserung der Konsultation und der Ausbildung in diesem Bereich beitragen.