bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Surrogate Endpoint Biomarker Study of Celecoxib in Oral Premalignant Lesions
Authors: Wirth Lori J. , Krane Jeffrey F. , Li Yi , Othus Megan , Moran Amy E. , Dorfman David M. , Norris Charles M. , Goguen Laura , Posner Marshall R. , Haddad Robert I. , Bertagnolli Monica M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study evaluated changes in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and related biomarkers in oral premalignant lesions (OPL) in response to celecoxib treatment. Twenty-two subjects were enrolled and treated with celecoxib. Pretreatment and 12-week biopsies were done. Subjects whose biopsy showed ≥30% decrease in PGE2 remained on celecoxib for a total of 12 months when repeat biopsy was done. Biopsies were examined to assess degree of dysplasia, DNA ploidy, and immunohistochemical expression of BCL2, pAKT-Ser473, Ki-67, and CD31 (microvessel density). In 18 paired biopsies available at baseline and 12 weeks, mean normalized PGE2 levels decreased by 38% (P = 0.002). After 12 months, PGE2 decreased by 31% (P = 0.340). Twelve biopsies (67%; P = 0.0129) showed improvement in degree of dysplasia after 12 weeks, and 8 of 11 biopsies (73%; P = 0.0703) continued to show an improvement in the degree of dysplasia after 12 months. Trends suggested down-modulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and Ki-67 in some tissues, increased pAKT-Ser473 expression, and an inverse relationship between PGE2 and BCL2 expression. This study documents the feasibility of measuring potential surrogate endpoint biomarkers of chemopreventive agent response in OPLs. Treatment with celecoxib in subjects with OPLs favorably modulates the primary mediator of cyclooxygenase-2 activity, PGE2, after 12 weeks.
Promoter Methylation in Cytology Specimens as an Early Detection Marker for Esophageal Squamous Dysplasia and Early Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Adams Lisa , Roth Mark J. , Abnet Christian C. , Dawsey Sonja P. , Qiao You-Lin , Wang Guo-Qing , Wei Wen-Qiang , Lu Ning , Dawsey Sanford M. , Woodson Karen 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is very high in northern China. This cancer has a very poor prognosis, mostly because it is usually diagnosed at a late stage. Detection at an earlier stage can dramatically improve prognosis. Microscopic evaluation of esophageal balloon cytology (EBC) specimens has been the most common method for early detection of ESCC, but this technique is limited by low sensitivity and specificity. The use of molecular markers may improve these screening characteristics. This study evaluates whether measurement of gene methylation in EBC specimens may have utility for the detection of esophageal squamous dysplasia and early ESCC. We evaluated the presence of methylation in eight genes shown to be methylated in ESCC in previous studies in EBC specimens from 147 patients with endoscopic biopsy diagnoses ranging from normal mucosa to severe squamous dysplasia. Methylation status was determined using quantitative methylation-specific PCR techniques. The sensitivity and specificity of methylation of each individual gene and of combinations of these genes to detect biopsy-proven high-grade (moderate or severe) squamous dysplasia were determined. For individual genes, the sensitivities ranged from 9% to 34% and the specificities ranged from 77% to 99%. Using a panel of four genes (AHRR, p16INK4a, MT1G, and CLDN3) resulted in sensitivity and specificity of 50% and 68%, respectively. This study suggests that evaluation of gene methylation in EBC samples may have utility for early detection of esophageal squamous dysplasia and early ESCC; however, identification of more sensitive methylation markers will be required for development of a clinically useful screening test.
The Effects of Adiponectin and Metformin on Prostate and Colon Neoplasia Involve Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
Authors: Zakikhani Mahvash , Dowling Ryan J.O. , Sonenberg Nahum , Pollak Michael N. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Population studies provide evidence that obesity and insulin resistance are associated not only with elevated serum insulin levels and reduced serum adiponectin levels but also with increased risk of aggressive prostate and colon cancer. We show here that adiponectin activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in colon (HT-29) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells. These results are consistent with prior observations in myocytes, but we show that in epithelial cancer cells AMPK activation is associated with reduction in mammalian target of rapamycin activation as estimated by Ser2448 phosphorylation, with reduction in p70S6 kinase activation as estimated by Thr389 phosphorylation, with ribosomal protein S6 activation as estimated by Ser235/236 phosphorylation, with reduction in protein translation as estimated by [35S]methionine incorporation, and with growth inhibition. Adiponectin-induced growth inhibition is significantly attenuated when AMPK level is reduced using small interfering RNA, indicating that AMPK is involved in mediating the antiproliferative action of this adipokine. Thus, adiponectin has the characteristics of a AMPK-dependent growth inhibitor that is deficient in obesity, and this may contribute to the adverse effects of obesity on neoplastic disease. Furthermore, metformin was observed to activate AMPK and to have growth inhibitory actions on prostate and colon cancer cells, suggesting that this compound may be of particular value in attenuating the adverse effects of obesity on neoplasia.
Curcumin Inhibition of Integrin (α6β4)-Dependent Breast Cancer Cell Motility and Invasion
Authors: Kim Hong Im , Huang Huang , Cheepala Satish , Huang Shile , Chung Jun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCurcumin, a polyphenol natural product isolated from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, has emerged as a promising anticancer therapeutic agent. However, the mechanism by which curcumin inhibits cancer cell functions such as cell growth, survival, and cell motility is largely unknown. We explored whether curcumin affects the function of integrin α6β4, a laminin adhesion receptor with an established role in invasion and migration of cancer cells. Here we show that curcumin significantly reduced α6β4-dependent breast cancer cell motility and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting apoptosis in MDA-MB-435/β4 (β4-integrin transfectants) and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Further, curcumin selectively reduced the basal phosphorylation of β4 integrin (Y1494), which has been reported to be essential in mediating α6β4-dependent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and cell motility. Consistent with this finding, curcumin also blocked α6β4-dependent Akt activation and expression of the cell motility–promoting factor ENPP2 in MDA-MB-435/β4 cell line. A multimodality approach using curcumin in combination with other pharmacologic inhibitors of α6β4 signaling pathways showed an additive effect to block breast cancer cell motility and invasion. Taken together, these findings show that curcumin inhibits breast cancer cell motility and invasion by directly inhibiting the function of α6β4 integrin, and suggest that curcumin can serve as an effective therapeutic agent in tumors that overexpress α6β4.
Helicobacter pylori and Esophageal Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Islami Farhad , Kamangar Farin 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
We conducted this meta-analysis to examine the association between Helicobacter pylori and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We searched the PubMed database, the ISI database, and the references of the selected articles. Case-control or nested case-control studies were selected if they used serology or endoscopic methods to detect H. pylori in the stomach and if control subjects were not restricted to upper gastrointestinal tract cancer or peptic ulcer disease patients. A total of 19 studies were used for this analysis. Summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird method. Q statistics and I2 statistics were calculated to examine heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were conducted by CagA status. For EAC, the summary OR (95% CI) was 0.56 (0.46-0.68). There was little heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 15%). Further analysis showed that colonization with CagA-positive strains was inversely associated with EAC risk (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.28-0.62) but colonization with CagA-negative strains was not (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.76-1.53). For esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, the summary OR (95% CI) was 1.10 (0.78-1.55). However, there was substantial heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 73%), with statistically significant associations in both directions. Our results suggest an inverse association between CagA-positive H. pylori colonization and risk of EAC. The prominent decline of H. pylori colonization in the past few decades may be partly responsible for the recent increase in EAC incidence in Western countries.
Identifying Academically Gifted English-Language Learners Using Nonverbal Tests
Authors: Lohman David F. , Korb Katrina A. , Lakin Joni M. 
Published: October 2008

In this study, the authors compare the validity of three nonverbal tests for the purpose of identifying academically gifted English-language learners (ELLs). Participants were 1,198 elementary children (approximately 40% ELLs). All were administered the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (Raven), the Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test (NNAT), and Form 6 of the Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT). Results show that the U.S. national norms for the Raven substantially overestimate the number of high-scoring children; that because of errors in norming, the NNAT overestimates the number of both high-scoring and low-scoring children; that primary-level ELL children score especially poorly on the NNAT; that the standard error of measurement was twice as large for the NNAT as for the Raven or the CogAT; that ELL children scored .5 to .67 standard deviations lower than non-ELL children on the three nonverbal tests; and that none of the nonverbal tests predict achievement for ELL students very well. Putting Research to Use: Do nonverbal reasoning tests level the field for ELL children? Many practitioners have assumed that they do. However ELL children in this study scored 8 to 10 points lower than non-ELL children on the three nonverbal tests. The study also shows that practitioners cannot assume that national norms on the tests are of comparable quality. When put on the same scale as CogAT, Raven scores averaged 10 points higher than CogAT and NNAT scores. For NNAT, the mean is correct but the variability was up to 40% too large. Thus, when using national norms, both the Raven and NNAT will substantially overestimate the number of high-scoring children.
The Psychology of Gifted Adolescents as Measured by the MMPI-A
Authors: Cross Tracy L. , Cassady Jerrell C. , Dixon Felicia A. , Adams Cheryll M. 
Published: October 2008

The focus of this study is an examination of gifted students' responses on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—Adolescent (MMPI-A) in relation to the adolescent norming sample. The comparisons on clinical, content, and Harris—Lingoes scales provide evidence that gifted adolescent boys' and girls' responses do not differ from one another significantly. Furthermore, the data reveal that the assumption held by many that gifted adolescents are more prone to experience heightened rates of neuroticism or personality difficulties is unsupported by the empirical data. Analyses of MMPI-A scores reveal that gifted students' scores are equivalent to or lower than the general population in all areas. The results are discussed as continued empirical evidence that gifted adolescents do not demonstrate abnormal levels of psychological or personality deviance because of their elevated cognitive abilities. Putting the Research to Work: Educators often subscribe to the notion that gifted adolescents are prone to more neurotic behavior or are more often diagnosed with personality disorders than their age mates. The results of this research indicate that notion is false, particularly for adolescents in a residential academy. Educators should be cognizant of the characteristics and needs of gifted adolescents and use that knowledge in planning services and identification plans for these students.
Reversibility of delirium in terminally ill patients and predictors of mortality
Authors: Leonard M , Raju B , Conroy M , Donnelly S , Trzepacz PT , Saunders J , Meagher D 
Published: October 2008

In this study, factors related to reversibility and mortality in consecutive cases of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) delirium [ n = 121] occurring in palliative care patients were evaluated. Delirium was assessed with the revised Delirium Rating Scale (DRS-R98) and Cognitive Test for Delirium (CTD). Patients were followed until recovery from delirium or death. In all, 33 patients (27%) recovered from delirium before death. Mean time until death was 39.7 ± 69.8 days in patients with reversible delirium [ n = 33] versus 16.8 ± 10.0 days in those with irreversible delirium [ n = 88; P < 0.01]. DRS-R98 and CTD scores were higher in irreversible delirium ( P < 0.001) with greater disturbances of sleep, language, long-term memory, attention, vigilance and visuospatial ability. Irreversible delirium was associated with greater disturbance of CTD attention and higher DRS-R98 visuospatial function. Survival time was predicted by CTD score ( P < 0.001), age ( P = 0.01) and organ failure ( P = 0.01). Delirium was not necessarily a harbinger of imminent death. Less reversible delirium involved greater impairment of attention, vigilance and visuospatial function. Survival time is related to age, severity of cognitive impairment and evidence of organ failure.
Thyroid function following hematopoietic cell transplantation in children: 30 years' experience
Authors: Sanders Jean E. , Hoffmeister Paul A. , Woolfrey Ann E. , Carpenter Paul A. , Storer Barry E. , Storb Rainer F. , Appelbaum Frederick R. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction is a known complication after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in children with reports involving relatively short follow-up and small patient numbers. This study involves 791 patients less than 18 years of age at HCT at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center with follow-up from 1969 through 2007. Thyroid dysfunction continued for 28 years after transplantation. Hypothyroidism was the most common abnormality with other abnormalities of hyperthyroidism and thyroiditis. Multivariate analysis showed that thyroid dysfunction was more likely if patients were less than 10 years of age (P < .001), but there was no difference between receiving a total body irradiation or busulfan based regimens (P = .48) compared with cyclophosphamide conditioning alone (P = .008). Thyroid tumors occurred at a median of 9.9 (4.5-22.3) years after HCT and included 13 with papillary carcinoma and 5 with benign adenomas. Children who receive a HCT should be monitored for thyroid abnormalities throughout life.
Open Veins, Public Transcripts: The National Security Archive as a Tool for Critical Pedagogy in the College Classroom
Authors: Hingson Jesse 
Published: October 2008

Since 2004, I have used various document sets from the National Security Archive (NSA) to teach students about modern Latin American history at Georgia College and State University, a medium-sized public liberal arts university in central Georgia. The NSA has the largest non-governmental online collection of US national security government documents in the world. Its research staff compiles, introduces, contextualizes, analyzes, and sifts through thousands of declassified materials. These include inter-agency memos, embassy communications, executive directives, confidential correspondence, and other once-classified materials.
This essay will critically examine the NSA as a way of teaching the histories of US imperialism and intervention, state suppression of popular dissent, militarism, human rights abuses, and counterinsurgency tactics and training in Latin America from the beginning of the Cold War until today. First, I will provide an explanation of the assignments that I use. These consist mostly of document analysis exercises and larger research papers. I will also share which topics students tend to explore, while noting several potential methodological pitfalls in using the NSA documents. Secondly, I will share testimony on how students' views on US foreign policy have changed. The general consensus at the beginning of the semester is that one of the principal aims of US foreign policy is to promote democracy above all other values. After examining the NSA documents, however, students seriously re-examine this idea. Indeed, introducing students to the `raw material' provided by the NSA is a powerful pedagogical tool for delivering and teaching radical history.
Specific Chemiluminescence from Singlet Oxygen Generated by the Reaction of Acetonitrile and Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Alkali Halide
Authors: Suzuki Kosuke , Saito Hirotaka , Jinno Naoya , Hashimoto Masahiko , Tsukagoshi Kazuhiko , Kimoto Hideshi 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
We developed a detection apparatus, equipped with two photomultiplier tubes, for chemiluminescence from singlet oxygen: the dimol light emission (ca. 634 nm) and the monomol light emission (ca. 1270 nm). Singlet oxygen was generated by reactions between sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide and between acetonitrile and hydrogen peroxide, and the dimol and monomol chemiluminescence emission were simultaneously observed using the apparatus. It was found that the chemiluminescence of the monomol emission in the acetonitrile system was enhanced in the presence of alkali halides and lasted more than 1.5 h, while the dimol emission in the acetonitrile system and the dimol and monomol emission in the hypochlorite system were not affected by the presence of alkali halide. The effects of antioxidants and nucleosides on monomol chemiluminescence in the acetonitrile system were examined. The specific chemiluminescence of the monomol emission of singlet oxygen in the acetonitrile system in the presence of alkali halides and the initial data concerning antioxidants and nucleosides will be useful in the design of new analytical systems or in elucidating the mechanism of chemiluminescence emission from singlet oxygen.
Michael Addition Reaction of Alkenyl Trichloroacetates Catalyzed by Dibutyltin Dimethoxide
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira , Izumi Youhei , Arai Takayoshi 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The Michael addition of alkenyl trichloroacetates to p-benzoquinone was achieved using dibutyltin dimethoxide as a catalyst in a mixed solvent consisting of THF and MeOH. Various monoalkylated benzoquinone derivatives were obtained from cyclic and acyclic trichloroacetates in moderate yield. trans-β-Nitrostyrene was also a favorable electrophile in this catalytic process, which gave an expected Michael adduct.
Photochemical Metallization of DNA
Authors: Zinchenko Anatoly A , Chen Ning , Murata Shizuaki 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Upon UV irradiation of silver(I) ion solutions containing alcohol as reduction agents, metal nanoparticles are grown on a DNA polymer chain. This metallization is independent of the DNA double-helicity and is controlled by the chemical structure of alcohol as well as by the wavelength of the light source.
Lewis Acid-catalyzed Asymmetric Fluorinations of β-Keto Esters: Dramatic Improvement in Enantioselectivity by Changing the Operation Sequence
Authors: Shibatomi Kazutaka , Tsuzuki Yuya , Iwasa Seiji 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Efficient Lewis acid-catalyzed asymmetric fluorination and chlorination of β-keto esters were achieved using hybrid chiral oxazoline ligand 1. The enantioselectivity of the halogenated products dramatically increased when the reaction procedure was changed.
Formation of Inclusion Complexes of Isotactic and Syndiotactic Poly(methyl methacrylate)s with γ-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Kida Toshiyuki , Kikuzawa Akira , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
We report here inclusion complex formation between γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and stereoregular poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMAs). γ-CD was found to form an inclusion complex with isotactic (it) PMMA more effectively than with syndiotactic (st) PMMA. The formation of an inclusion complex between γ-CD and st-PMMA was strongly influenced by the amount of γ-CD added, and the addition of an excess amount of γ-CD was required for γ-CD–st-PMMA complex formation.
Superhydrophilicity of Rutile TiO2 Prepared by Anodic Oxidation in High Concentration Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte
Authors: Masahashi Naoya , Mizukoshi Yoshiteru , Semboshi Satoshi , Ohtsu Naofumi 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The contact angles of rutile TiO2 prepared by anodic oxidation in an electrolyte with a high concentration of sulfuric acid is almost zero without UV illumination. The water droplet spread across the surface within 1 ms because of the strong interaction with the hydroxy groups.
Experiences of Medical Advisors in the Workers' Compensation System in British Columbia
Authors: Arnold-Smith Lydia , Harder Henry G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAttending physicians and medical advisors, physicians contracting their services to the Workers' Compensation Board, have key roles in assisting injured workers to return to work. A literature review of the role of the physician in the compensable return to work process reveals a lack of information regarding the experiences of medical advisors. This descriptive phenomenological study was undertaken to explore the lived experiences of four medical advisors in a northern rural service delivery location. The purpose of the research was to gain an understanding of the medical advisors' experiences in the compensable return to work process and in the compensation system. Analysis of the interview data revealed a central theme of commitment to quality medical care for injured workers, along with three major themes and several minor themes subsumed within the major concepts: providing medical opinions — requiring factual information, clarifying the diagnosis, no previous relationship with worker, categories of injuries; working with attending physicians and specialists — building relationships, evidence based treatment plans, role of the attending physician, role of the medical advisor; and, working within the workers' compensation environment — structure and policies, expedited services, and case management/team environment. This research report presents the central theme as the foundation through which the major themes are interconnected. This study does not generalise to all medical advisors, but relays stories that contain the essence of a lived experience.