bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LGP2 Facilitates Bacterial Escape through Binding Peptidoglycan via EEK Motif and Suppressing NOD2–RIP2 Axis in Cyprinidae and Xenocyprididae Families
Authors: Liang Bo , Li Wenqian , Yang Chunrong , Su Jianguo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
RIG-I–like receptors and NOD-like receptors play pivotal roles in recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns and initiating immune responses. The LGP2 and NOD2 proteins are important members of the RIG-I–like receptor and NOD-like receptor families, recognizing viral RNA and bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN), respectively. However, in some instances bacterial infections can induce LPG2 expression via a mechanism that remains largely unknown. In the current study, we found that LGP2 can compete with NOD2 for PGN binding and inhibit antibacterial immunity by suppressing the NOD2–RIP2 axis. Recombinant CiLGP2 (Ctenopharyngodon idella LGP2) produced using either prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression platform can bind PGN and bacteria in pull-down and ELISA assays. Comparative protein structure models and intermolecular interaction prediction calculations as well as pull-down and colocalization experiments indicated that CiLGP2 binds PGN via its EEK motif with species and structural specificity. EEK deletion abolished PGN binding of CiLGP2, but insertion of the CiLGP2 EEK motif into zebrafish and mouse LGP2 did not confer PGN binding activity. CiLGP2 also facilitates bacterial replication by interacting with CiNOD2 to suppress expression of NOD2–RIP2 pathway genes. Sequence analysis and experimental verification demonstrated that LGP2 having EEK motif that can negatively regulate antibacterial immune function is present in Cyprinidae and Xenocyprididae families. These results show that LGP2 containing EEK motif competes with NOD2 for PGN binding and suppresses antibacterial immunity by inhibiting the NOD2–RIP2 axis, indicating that LGP2 plays a crucial negative role in antibacterial response beyond its classical regulatory function in antiviral immunity.
Clinical management and histopathological analysis of composite type of gingival Stillman’s cleft
Authors: Srivastava Vivek , Meenawat Ajita , Huidrom Elizabeth , Jaiswal Rohit 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Gingival Stillman’s cleft is one of the least-studied mucogingival defects that may jeopardize the periodontal health and esthetic of the affected teeth. The etiology behind this lesion is believed to be multifactorial, and the histopathology remains unclear. In this report, we present a case of composite gingival Stillman’s cleft in anterior maxillary teeth that was clinically treated with a laterally moved coronally advanced flap. The cleft tissue was removed during root coverage surgery and then was harvested for histopathological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and van Gieson’s stain. In the cleft site, microscopic examination revealed variable degrees of epithelial bifurcations with elongated forking of rete ridges into the stroma. Endothelial-lined blood vessels and inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes and fibroblasts, were seen in the stroma. The Masson trichrome (blue) and Van Gieson (pink) revealed colored gingival tissue with prominent collagen fiber distribution at the cleft site, which is suggestive of gingival fibrous hyperplasia brought on by repeated damage from tooth brushing.
A 3D-printed vanperio educative dental model – A review report of its chairside evaluation
Authors: Vandana Kharidhi Laxman , Raj Bommanahally Srishti , Desai Rajendra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Patient education and demonstration of osseous defects by teachers and clinicians are difficult even though there are different models made up of metal, plastic, plaster, stone, and acrylic. To overcome such difficulty, 3D printed Vanperio model was printed for multifunctional activity.

Aims and Objective:
The aim of this article was to provide information on the 3D printed VANPERIO model and its implications in the field of periodontics and general dentistry.

Conclusion:
Vanperio model proves to be a promising model for teachers, students, and clinicians in the field of periodontics and general dentistry as it helps in patient education, student learning and also for various demonstrations which is not possible to achieve in other available expensive models.
Development and in vitro characterization of a mucoadhesive gel with Moringa oleifera extract for periodontal drug delivery
Authors: Ida Minnu Joe , Shetty Bhavya , Khan Safiya Fatima , Yadalam Umesh , Nambiar Manjusha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Extensive in vitro and in vivo research has been conducted in the previous decades to analyze the effectiveness of medicinal plants in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Moringa oleifera is a highly potent medicinal plant that has anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory properties. In our study, we aim to design, formulate, and evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of M. oleifera extract for local drug delivery (LDD) as periodontal treatment.

Materials and Methods:
This study was an in vitro experimental model. M. oleifera extract was prepared using a maceration process with powdered dried leaves of M. oleifera and 70% ethanol. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Moringa extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis was assessed using the broth dilution method. The gel was prepared with the obtained MIC of Moringa extract and a combination of polymers- Polyethylene glycol 6000, Carbopol 940, and Chitosan. Further, the formulated gel was subjected to in vitro characterization by thermodynamic stability tests, pH determination, and syringeability test. Viscosity was determined using Brookfield DV-II + Viscometer. Mucoadhesive strength was determined using a fabricated mucoadhesive strength test apparatus.

Results:

M. oleifera leaves extract possesses a bactericidal effect against P. gingivalis even at a low amounts of 25 mg/ml and so is a potent botanical extract for the formulation of LDD agents for periodontal diseases. The formulation shows adequate stability, good mucoadhesiveness, and controlled drug release, on incorporating the herbal extract into the blank gel.

Conclusion:
The M. oleifera leaves extract possesses a bactericidal effect against P. gingivalis which has been suggested to be the keystone pathogen in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. Hence, M. oleifera leaves extract can be used to treat periodontal diseases as a LDD agent.
Variations in Complete Blood Count Parameters during Pregnancy and their Association with Maternal Age and Gravidity
Authors: Elsayid Mohieldin Abass , Alqahtani Maha B. , Khashwayn Seham A. , Khayat Rouzana F , Alsibyani Farah A. , Almalki Sara F. , Alyahyawi Areej Y. , Sannan Naif S. , Abushouk Amir 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Complete blood count (CBC) parameters change throughout pregnancy and are thought to be one of the factors affecting the pregnancy’s outcome. This study aims to report variations in CBC parameters throughout pregnancy and their association with maternal age and gravidity.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study in which CBC data from 234 pregnancies with normal full-term delivery in 2020 were evaluated and grouped depending on maternal age and gravidity.

Results:
Hemoglobin levels decreased significantly from the first to the second trimester (P < 0.0001) and then slightly increased in the third trimester. Red blood cells decreased significantly from the first to the second trimester and remained unchanged in the third trimester (P < 0.0001). Packed cell volume decreased significantly from the first to the second trimester (P < 0.0001) and then increased in the third trimester (P = 0.0178). White blood cells (WBCs) increased significantly from the first to the second trimester (P < 0.0001) and then remained stable in the third trimester. Neutrophils and lymphocytes showed opposed tendencies, with neutrophils increasing significantly from the first to the second trimester (P < 0.0001) and then remaining stable in the third trimester (P = 0.42). Lymphocytes decreased significantly from the first to the second trimester (P < 0.0001) and continued to decrease in the third trimester (P < 0.0001). Monocytes increased significantly from the first to the third trimester (P = 0.0051). Platelets decreased significantly from the first to the third trimester (P < 0.0001). Gravidity showed a negative correlation with WBC count (r = −0.17, P = 0.01) and a positive correlation with eosinophil levels (r = 0.14, P = 0.0376). Spearman’s correlations revealed no significant differences in maternal age groups.

Conclusions:
Our findings provide useful insight for physicians and policymakers in assessing CBC during pregnancy and providing optimal care. Furthermore, the associations between gravidity and WBC (negative) and eosinophil levels (positive) point to a potential effect of reproductive history on immune function, necessitating additional research in this area.
Variability of Thyroid Hormones in Newborns from Mothers with Endemic Goiter
Authors: Tolkunovna Turdieva Shokhida , Kamalovna Ganieva Durdona 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
The study of thyroid status and its influence on neonatal and postneonatal development of newborns from mothers with endemic goiter (EG) is one of the topical areas of modern endocrinology.

Objective:
The study of thyroid hormone levels in newborns born to women with endemic goiter.

Materials and Methods:
The design of the study is based on a randomized controlled method, taking into account the requirements of CONSORT, with distribution into mutually comparable study groups. A study was carried out on 68 newborns born to women with EG. Methods included the collection of history and study of thyroid hormone levels in neonates and women in labor.

Results:
In newborns born from women with EG, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in cord blood averaged 15.6 ± 0.87 mIU/l, which is 22.38% higher compared to the control group (P = 0.038). The difference between free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in newborns from mothers with EG in comparison to the control group was below 8.57% and 4.29%, respectively. In the 1st month of life, a lag in weight gain was noted by an average of 9.57% concerning practically healthy newborns.

Conclusions:
In newborns from women with EG, there was a decrease in T4 – 4.29% and T3 – 8.57%, against the background of an increase in the level of TSH to 22.38% in the cord blood relative to children from the control group. These fluctuations may persist in the 1st month of life and manifest as a delay in weight gain.
Addressing High-value Care with Generative Pretrained Transformer 4
Authors: Singh Jassimran , Agrawal Aditi , Perkit Navya Reddy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
High-value care emphasizes services offering significant health benefits, aligning with patient preferences while minimizing costs and interventions of little benefit. This approach is increasingly vital in a healthcare environment constrained by finite resources and rising costs. Large Language Models (LLMs) like Generative Pretrained transformer-4 (GPT-4), with their vast data processing capabilities, offer a promising avenue for supporting healthcare providers in making evidence-based, high-value care decisions.

Aims:
This study aims to evaluate the performance of OpenAI’s GPT-4 in providing responses to high-value care clinical scenarios within internal medicine, assessing its accuracy, relevance, and reasoning against established medical guidelines and literature.

Materials and Methods:
An observational study was conducted using MKSAP-19’s high-value care questions, comparing GPT-4’s responses to the correct answers based on established studies, trials, and guidelines. The study did not involve real patient data, circumventing the need for Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. Performance metrics focused on the accuracy, relevance, and consistency of GPT-4’s answers.

Results:
GPT-4 demonstrated a 74.4% accuracy rate (32 out of 43 questions) across a range of high-value care clinical scenarios, including image-based questions. Errors made by GPT-4 were similar to those by medical residents using MKSAP-19, suggesting areas for model improvement and potential educational applications. The study detailed GPT-4’s decision-making pattern, emphasizing its clinical reasoning capabilities.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that GPT-4 can significantly support high-value care in internal medicine by providing accurate, evidence-based responses to complex clinical scenarios. Despite its limitations, including a 25.6% error rate and the scope of its training data, GPT-4’s performance indicates its potential as both a clinical and educational tool in healthcare.
Assessing the Quality of Patient Referrals from Primary Care Physicians at the South-West Regional Health Authority, Trinidad, 2019
Authors: Dharamraj Kavita , Maharaj Nalini , Daniel Maria , Ramadhin Kevin , Lalla Pedram 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To assess the adequacy and justification of referrals from primary care physicians (PCPs) to specialized care services.

Methods:
Descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional. In 2019, 1810 patient referrals from over 46 PCPs working at 23 centers, obtained through consecutive convenient sampling were reviewed. Parameters of the referral were assessed using the “South-West Regional Health Authority Tool for Assessing the Adequacy of Outgoing Referrals from Primary Health Care (PHC),” by senior PCPs. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the proportions of the degree of adequacy and completeness of referral parameters and the distribution of referral scores; referral rates; proportion of referrals to specialized care services and proportion of justified and unjustified referrals.

Results:
The referral rate was 5.28%. In terms of adequacy and completeness: Demographics - 77.96% - partially adequately completed; diagnoses - 91.65% adequately completed; History - 83.82% partially adequately completed; Examination findings - 43.70% - adequately completed. In 57.54% of referrals, the treatment given was not completed. In most referrals, sections that were adequately completed include recent labs - 57.54%; current medications - 48.83%; footer - 55.20%. The scores ranged from 5 to 21; median - 15 and mode - 16. Based on the senior PCPs’ perception, 94.36% of the outgoing referrals were justified. Most patients, 63.84%, were referred to the outpatient clinics and 33.89% to the emergency department.

Conclusions:
Most referrals were justified. The adequacy can further be assessed by an expert panel of end-users. Addressing gaps identified in the referral system should enable cost-effective use of specialized and PHC services.
Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws – Practitioner’s Update
Authors: Simon Deepti 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a comparatively recent addition to the panel of pathologies affecting the jawbones. Its clinical presentation shares features with radiation osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis. Imprudent dental procedures may initiate the cascade of events that lead to irreversible changes that impact the QOL of vulnerable patients. Hence, a working knowledge of this entity is imperative.
Social Psychology of Dress
Authors: Lennon Sharron J. , Johnson Kim K. P. , Rudd Nancy A. 
Published: April 2024

Social Psychology of Dress, Second Edition presents and explains the major theories and concepts of human behavior relating to dress, drawing from the social science fields of psychology, sociology, and anthropology. The text positions dress as a process in which individual preferences, membership in social groups, and cultural awareness all impact choices about attire and appearance. Using empirical data and examples from current events and popular culture, the authors define dress, present its origins and functions, and discuss research methods for dress. They also explore the relationships between dress and topics including social perception, impression formation, identity, cultural patterns and rituals, and body image. Box features highlighting applications to the fashion industry, end-of-chapter summaries, and discussion questions further engage students in their study of
dress.
New to this Edition:
-New Dress Research in the News, Application to Consumer Behavior, and Social Media Application features and updated Dress in the News features addressing contemporary topics such as cultural appropriation, workplace discrimination, and advocacy for racial inclusivity
-Increased focus on diverse cultural influences
-Coverage of current industry trends including new research findings, smart clothing, and the body positivity movement
-Discussion of the Covid-19 pandemic through examples and case studies
STUDIO Features Include:
-Study smarter with self-quizzes featuring scored results and personalized study tips
-Review concepts with flashcards of essential vocabulary
-Download worksheets to complete chapter activities
Instructor Resources
-Instructor’s Guide provides suggestions for planning the course and using the text in the classroom, supplemental assignments, and lecture notes
-Test Bank includes sample test questions for each chapter
-PowerPoint® presentations include images from the book and provide a framework for lecture and discussion
-In-class activities stimulate student engagement with course material
-Online chat activities encourage student participation and provide creative alternatives for content delivery
Inovasi Pembelajaran Kombinasi Model Project Based Learning Dan Project Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila Berbasis Devotion Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kolaborasi, Komunikasi, Kreativitas Dan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa
Authors: Suardi Suardi 
Published: April 2024

Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini adalah inovasi pembelajaran dalam proses perkuliah yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kolaboratif, kreativitas, komunikasi dan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kolaboratif, kreativitas, komunikasi dan berpikir kritis mahasiswa melalui kombinasi model project based learning dan project profil pelajar pancasila berbasis devotion. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian campuran (mixed methods). Informan penelitian, penelitian kualitatif menggunakan purposive sampling berjumlah 32 orang, sedangkan penentuan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik total sampling sebanyak 32 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah penyebaran angket, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data kualitatif dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data, display data dan penarikan kesimpulan, sedangkan data analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan verifikasi kuesioner, tabulasi data kuesioner dan persentase data kuesioner. Keabsahan data kualitatif menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi metode, sedangkan data kuantitatif melalui uji reliabilitas (ketepatan) dan uji validasi (benar). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Penerapan Inovasi pembelajaran model Project Based Learning dan project profil pelajar pancasila berbasis devotion pada mata kuliah Media dan Teknologi pembelajaran telah meningkatkan kemampuan kolaborasi, kreativitas, komunikasi dan kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa
MACHINE LEARNING IN DRUG DISCOVERY: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Francisca Chibugo Udegbe  , Ogochukwu Roseline  Ebulue  , Charles Chukwudalu  Ebulue  , Chukwunonso Sylvester  Ekesiobi  
Published: April 2024

This review critically examines the integration of Machine Learning (ML) in drug discovery, highlighting its applications across target identification, hit discovery, lead optimization, and predictive toxicology. Despite ML's potential to revolutionize drug discovery through enhanced efficiency, predictive accuracy, and novel insights, significant challenges persist. These include issues related to data quality, model interpretability, integration into existing workflows, and regulatory and ethical considerations. The review advocates for advancements in algorithmic approaches, interdisciplinary collaboration, improved data-sharing practices, and evolving regulatory frameworks as potential solutions to these challenges. By addressing these hurdles and leveraging the capabilities of ML, the drug discovery process can be significantly accelerated, paving the way for the development of new therapeutics. This review calls for continued research, collaboration, and dialogue among stakeholders to realize the transformative potential of ML in drug discovery fully.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Drug Discovery, Predictive Toxicology, Data Quality, Interdisciplinary Collaboration.
ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AI IN FINANCIAL DECISION – MAKING: A REVIEW WITH REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS
Authors: Oluwatobi Opeyemi Adeyelu  , Chinonye Esther Ugochukwu  , Mutiu Alade Shonibare  
Published: April 2024

This study delves into the ethical implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in financial decision-making, exploring the transformative impact of AI technologies on the financial services sector. Through a comprehensive literature review, the research highlights the dual nature of AI's integration into finance, showcasing both its potential to enhance operational efficiency and decision accuracy and the ethical challenges it introduces. These challenges include concerns over data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential for systemic risks, underscoring the need for robust ethical frameworks and regulatory standards. The study emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to AI development and deployment, advocating for collaboration among technologists, ethicists, policymakers, and end-users to ensure that AI technologies are aligned with societal values and ethical principles. Future directions for research are identified, focusing on the development of adaptive ethical guidelines, methodologies for embedding ethical principles into AI systems, and the investigation of AI's long-term impact on market dynamics and consumer behaviour. This research contributes valuable insights into the ethical integration of AI in finance, offering recommendations for ensuring that AI technologies are utilized in a manner that is both ethically sound and conducive to the advancement of the financial services industry.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Financial Decision-Making, Ethical Implications, Algorithmic Bias, Data Privacy, Regulatory Standards, Multidisciplinary Approach.