bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyse chronométrique de la résolution de la tâche d'horizontalité des liquides chez des filles et des garçons connaissant ou non l'invariance physique en jeu
Authors: Robert Michèle , Berthiaume F. 
Published: November 2007

Résumé
De nombreuses études ont établi que, par rapport à ceux de sexe masculin, davantage d'individus de sexe féminin échouent dans la tâche d'horizontalité des liquides en s'y représentant l'orientation de la surface d'un liquide comme oblique. Dans le but de compléter cette information par des indicateurs du traitement en cours d'exécution de la tâche, la présente expérience analyse les temps de réponse d'adolescents qui exécutent une série d'essais avant d'indiquer s'ils connaissent l'invariance physique en jeu. Les résultats montrent que, dans l'ensemble, plus de garçons que de filles affichent cette connaissance, laquelle accroît l'exactitude et la rapidité des réponses indépendamment du sexe des participants et du fait qu'ils doivent tracer la position de la surface de l'eau ou évaluer la justesse de la position qui leur est présentée. Font toutefois exception à ce patron les temps relativement faibles des filles ignorant l'invariance et traçant la surface de l'eau. Il se peut que, parmi les participants ne connaissant pas le principe d'invariance, les filles appliquent d'emblée une règle de résolution qui est incorrecte, tandis que les garçons sont à la recherche d'une règle. En dehors de la dimension notionnelle de la connaissance de l'invariance, d'autres composantes des résultats suggèrent cependant que les filles éprouveraient certaines difficultés d'ordre perceptif quand il faut situer l'axe horizontal à l'intérieur d'un cadre.
Mots-clés : tâche de l'horizontalité des liquides, comparaisons intersexes, temps de réponse.
Les connaissances morphologiques dérivationnelles et l'apprentissage de la lecture chez l'apprenti-lecteur français du CP au CE2
Authors: Colé Pascale , Royer Carine , Leuwers Christel , Casalis S. 
Published: November 2007

Le rôle de la structure morphologique des mots dans l'apprentissage de la lecture a été peu étudié. On constate également que les rares modèles de l'apprentissage de la lecture qui intègrent cette dimension, décrivent son intervention de façon tardive dans le processus d'acquisition, c'est-à-dire une fois que l'apprenti-lecteur maîtrise le recours à la médiation phonologique (au CE2).
Nous présentons des données issues d'une recherche longitudinale conduite du CP au CEI et incluant un groupe contrôle de lecteurs de CE2, qui montrent que dès le CP, le niveau de lecture atteint par les apprenti-lecteurs est associé au niveau de développement des connaissances morphologiques implicites. À partir du CEI et au CE2, on observe une influence des connaissances morphologiques explicites de ces lecteurs sur leur niveau de lecture, répliquant pour partie des résultats déjà observés.
Une discussion de l'ensemble de ces résultats est proposée autour de la dimension implicite/explicite des tâches morphologiques utilisées dans cette recherche et de l'influence des connaissances morphologiques qui devrait être intégrée plus précocement dans les modèles de l'apprentissage de la lecture.
Mots clés : apprentissage de la lecture, connaissances morphologiques.
Le maintien dans le temps des effets d'un apprentissage implicite chez des enfants et adolescents avec retard mental
Authors: Detable Christelle , Vinter Annie 
Published: November 2007

Résumé :
Cette étude examine si l'apprentissage implicite d'un nouveau comportement graphique résiste à l'effet du temps chez les enfants et adolescents avec retard mental (RM), comparativement aux enfants tout-venant. Des enfants et adolescents avec RM léger et moyen, âgés de 7 à 16 ans, ont été soumis à un apprentissage implicite portant sur leur habileté à tracer des cercles. La modification comportementale induite par la session d'apprentissage implicite perdure pendant une heure, dans des proportions similaires chez les sujets avec et sans RM (appariés sur l'âge mental ou réel). Les résultats montrent également que l'effet de l'apprentissage implicite différé est indépendant du degré de RM, de l'âge et de l'étiologie. Le maintien dans le temps des effets de l'apprentissage implicite est discuté par rapport à sa stabilité sur l'intervalle de rétention, puis en référence aux postulats de Reber concernant la robustesse de l'apprentissage implicite.
Mots clés : apprentissage implicite, retard mental, développement.
Mémoire épisodique et déficit d'inhibition au cours du vieillissement cognitif : un examen de l'hypothèse frontale
Authors: Charlot V. , Feyereisen Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Episodic memory, inhibition deficit, and cognitive aging : An examination of the frontal hypothesis
Cognitive aging is a mosaic of selective deficits and spared abilities. To account for such discrepancies, it has been assumed that age-related differences in memory tasks were mainly observed in conditions that require executive control and activation of the prefrontal cortex. The present theoretical note examines this frontal hypothesis by contrasting a strong and a weak version. The strong version explains memory declines in normal aging by a specific deficit of inhibition mechanisms. The weak version invokes more general links between some strategic memory processes and executive control. The note proceeds in three steps. First, it briefly surveys the different formulations of the hypothesis, which focus on various aspects of human cognition. Second, it considers the diversity of inhibition mechanisms and of memory processes. Third, it examines empirical evidence about age-related changes in memory performance and executive functions : analysis of individual differences, experimental investigations, and studies using neuro-imagery techniques. In conclusion, the literature does not support tentative explanations of cognitive aging that rely on a single factor called inhibitory deficit.
Key words : memory, cognitive aging, inhibition.
Exploration et planification dans le problème des anneaux chinois : la découverte des règles à partir des propriétés
Authors: Megalakaki Olga , Tijus Charles-Albert 
Published: November 2007

Summary : Exploration and planning with the Chinese rings puzzle, discovering object properties
Solving the Chinese Rings Puzzle (ChRP, or baguenaudier) consists of removing tokens according to a recursive rule. Contrary to other puzzle problems, such as the Tower of Hanoi, the ChRP problem space is linear and a 21-state path leads from the initial to the final state : to reach the goal, it is enough to never return backwards. However, in practice, participants make up to 300 moves to solve the ChRP. We show that the heuristic « reduce the distance that separates the current state from the goal state (hill climbing) » and states informativeness are some of the factors explaining ChRP difficulty.
Resorbable Dicalcium Phosphate Bone Substitutes Prepared by 3D Powder Printing
Authors: Gbureck U. , Hölzel T. , Klammert U. , Würzler K. , Müller F. A. , Barralet J. E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBioceramic bone substitutes with programmed architecture were manufactured at room temperature in this study using a novel 3D printing process that combined 3D powder printing with calcium phosphate cement chemistry. During printing, biphasic α/β‐tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2, TCP) powder reacted with a liquid component consisting of phosphoric acid solution to form a matrix of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4·H2O, DCPD, brushite) and unreacted TCP. Printed samples showed compressive strengths between 0.9–8.7 MPa after printing depending on the acid concentration. A further strength improvement to a maximum of 22 MPa could be obtained by additional hardening of the samples in phosphoric acid for three one minute washes. After this treatment, the samples mainly consisted of brushite with minor phases of unreacted TCP and a lesser amount of dicalcium phosphate anhydrate (CaHPO4, DCPA, monetite). Hydrothermal conversion of brushite to DCPA resulted in an increase of porosity of approximately 13 % and a decrease of strength to 15 MPa, however the resorption rate in vivo was increased as demonstrated after intramuscular implantation over 56 weeks. Major advantages compared with commonly used sintering techniques are the low processing temperature, which enables the fabrication of thermally instable and degradable matrices of secondary calcium phosphates.
Epiphyseal union at the innominate and lower limb in a modern Portuguese skeletal sample, and age estimation in adolescent and young adult male and female skeletons
Authors: Cardoso Hugo F.V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study documents the timing of epiphyseal union at the innominate, femur, tibia, and fibula in a sample of modern Portuguese skeletons. The sample was taken from the Lisbon documented skeletal collection and it is comprised of 57 females and 49 males between the ages of 9 and 25. Individuals are mostly representative of the middle‐to‐low socioeconomic segment of the early 20th century Lisbon population. A total of 18 anatomical locations were examined for epiphyseal union using a three‐stage scheme: 1) no union; 2) partial union; and 3) completed union, all traces of fusion having disappeared. Results show that females are ahead of males by 1–2 years and provide similar age ranges for the stages of union than previous studies. Some variations between studies can be explained by methodological differences between dry bone and radiographic observations. However, a review of the literature indicates that socioeconomic status of a given population seems to be of decisive importance to the rate of ossification and most of the differences in skeletal maturation across studies and populations can probably be ascribed to different levels of social and economic development of the societies in which the individuals lived. Although the effects of socioeconomic status in skeletal maturation are greater during childhood than in adolescence, as to make the timing of epiphyseal union a reliable estimate of age at death, they are not negligible and age estimates should take into account the likely socioeconomic status of the individual, whose remains are under examination. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flame retardance of montmorillonite/rubber composites
Authors: Wu Youping , Huang Honghai , Zhao Wei , Zhang Huifeng , Wang Yiqing , Zhang Liqun 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effect of dispersion of clay in rubber on the mechanical properties and flame retardance of rubber/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites and rubber/MMT microcomposites were investigated in the present article, and the results were compared with the performance of silica reinforced rubber composites. Cone calorimeter test and limiting oxygen index test were employed to evaluate the flame retardance. From the results, it could be seen that the rubber/MMT nanocomposites always possessed the best flame retardance, such as lower peak heat release rate and higher fire performance index value. In addition, the rubber/MMT nanocomposites also showed better mechanical properties than the pure rubber and the other composites, especially in tear strength. With the rubber/silica composites, as expected, the silica could appropriately endow the rubber with flame retardance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Configurationally Labile Lithiated O‐Benzyl Carbamates: Application in Asymmetric Synthesis and Quantum Chemical Investigations on the Equilibrium of Diastereomers
Authors: Lange Heiko , Huenerbein Robert , Fröhlich Roland , Grimme Stefan , Hoppe Dieter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe title compounds were generated by deprotonation of different benzyl‐type carbamates with sec‐butyllithium in the presence of chiral diamines (−)‐sparteine or diisopropyl and di‐tert‐butyl bis(oxazoline)s. These lithiated species exhibit configurational lability at −78 °C. In the case of the chiral di‐tert‐butyl bis(oxazoline), the equilibrium of the epimeric complexes can be used synthetically to obtain highly enantioenriched secondary benzyl carbamates. The enantiodetermining step was proven to be a dynamic thermodynamic resolution. The absolute configurations of the products were determined, and the stereochemical pathways of selected substitution reactions were thus elucidated. High‐level quantum chemical investigations were performed to gain insight into the experimentally investigated system. To obtain an accuracy for the energy difference (ΔΔH) between two epimeric complexes of about 0.5 kcal mol−1 as well as the correct sign, a theoretical procedure was established. It included geometry optimization at the dispersion‐corrected DFT level, computation of zero‐point vibrational energies, and single‐point SCS‐MP2 energy calculations with large atomic‐orbital basis sets.
Birth defects in uncles and aunts from Irish families with neural tube defects
Authors: Byrne Julianne 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:Previous studies suggested an excess of matrilineal cases of neural tube defects among distant relatives in NTD families. There is little information on patterns of heredity of other birth defects among distant relatives.METHODS:Between 1995 and 2003, 78 nuclear families and 373 uncles and aunts were interviewed about birth defects among uncles and aunts in Irish families with an NTD.RESULTS:Among 783 total uncles and aunts, those related through the mother had more birth defects overall than those related through the father (8.4 vs. 4.0%,p= 0.01). The excess persisted after controlling with logistic regression models for maternal and paternal age, gender of uncle/aunt, proband's NTD diagnosis, and year of birth (OR 2.52; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.91;p= 0.007). Among individual birth defects, significant excesses over expected rates were seen for spina bifida, congenital heart defects, and syndactyly.CONCLUSIONS:This study of reported birth defects suggests that maternal uncles and aunts in Irish families have significantly more birth defects than paternal uncles and aunts. These results, if confirmed, support the hypothesis that NTD relatives carry a susceptibility to other birth defects, preferentially on the mother's side of the family, suggesting opportunities for prevention. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No skin off my back: retribution deficits in psychopathic motives for punishment
Authors: Aharoni Eyal , Weintraub Lisa L. , Fridlund Alan J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWhen deciding a criminal's punishment, people typically exhibit both retributive and consequentialist motives in their decision making, though retribution's role may be stronger. This study aimed to discern possible functions of retribution by examining a population predicted to be deficient in retributive drive. Participants who rated either high or low in psychopathic traits read stories about a homicide. These stories were designed to evoke both retribution and the consequentialist motive of behavior control by varying, respectively, criminal intent and likelihood of recidivism. The participants then recommended a length of confinement for the offender. Individuals high in psychopathic traits were uniquely insensitive to retributive cues, and they were particularly consequentialist in their punishment of criminal offenders. These results clarify aspects of psychopathic aggression and corroborate the hypothesis that retribution may stabilize cooperative behavior. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catheter‐directed thrombolysis of acute lower extremity arterial thrombosis in a patient with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Turba Ulku C. , Bozlar Ugur , Simsek Serkan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an underdiagnosed problem, and the optimal treatment of arterial thrombosis in patients with HIT remains controversial. There are many angiographic procedures which require heparin as an adjunctive agent; however, some of the heparin‐related complications and their management remains unclear. We are presenting a 77‐year‐old male patient with HIT, who developed acute lower extremity limb threatening ischemia due to arterial thrombosis. In our case, the patient has been successfully treated with percutaneous catheter‐directed thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator and a direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional and quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic plaque composition by automated differential echogenicity
Authors: Bruining Nico , Verheye Stefan , Knaapen Michiel , Somers Pamela , Roelandt Jos R.T.C. , Regar Evelyn , Heller Iddo , de Winter Sebstiaan , Ligthart Jurgen , Van Langenhove Glenn , de Feijter Pim J. , Serruys Patrick W. , Hamers Ronald 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective:To validate automated and quantitative three‐dimensional analysis of coronary plaque composition using intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS).Background:ICUS displays different tissue components based on their acoustic properties in 256 grey‐levels. We hypothesised that computer‐assisted image analysis (differential echogenicity) would permit automated quantification of several tissue components in atherosclerotic plaques.Methods and Results:Ten 40‐mm‐long left anterior descending specimens were excised during autopsy of which eight could be successfully imaged by ICUS. Histological sections were taken at 5 mm intervals and analyzed. Since most of the plaques were calcified and having a homogeneous appearance, one specimen with a more heterogeneous composition was further examined: at each interval of 5 mm, 15 additional sections (every 100 μm) were evaluated. Plaques were scored for echogenicity against the adventitia: brighter (hyperechogenic) or less bright (hypoechogenic). Areas of hypoechogenicity correlated with the presence of smooth muscle cells. Areas of hyperechogenicity correlated with presence of collagen, and areas of hyperechogenicity with acoustic shadowing correlated with calcium. None of these comparisons showed statistical significant differences.Conclusion:This ex vivo feasibility study shows that automated three‐dimensional differential echogenicity analysis of ICUS images allows identification of different tissue types within atherosclerotic plaques. This technology may play a role as an additional tool in longitudinal studies to trace possible changes in plaque composition. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Xylogranatins F–R: Antifeedants from the Chinese Mangrove, Xylocarpus granatum, A New Biogenetic Pathway to Tetranortriterpenoids
Authors: Wu Jun , Zhang Si , Bruhn Torsten , Xiao Qiang , Ding Haixin , Bringmann Gerhard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThirteen limonoids with a new carbon skeleton, the xylogranatins F–R (1–13), have been isolated from the seeds of a Chinese mangrove, Xylocarpus granatum; two recently reported compounds, xylogranatins C and D were also isolated. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical methods. The absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by using the modified Mosher MTPA ester method and by quantum chemical circular dichroism (CD) calculations. Xylogranatins F–Q are the first aromatic B‐ring limonoids found in nature. They belong to two substructural classes, of which one (1–3) contains a pyridine ring while the other one (4–12) contains a central furan core. Xylogranatins C and R can be considered to be key biosynthetic intermediates, while xylogranatin D, the only limonoid found so far with a carbon skeleton that conatains a C30C9 linkage, is apparently an artifact. The structures of these compounds suggest a new biogenetic pathway to tetranortriterpenoids. Xylogranatins F, G and R were found to exhibit marked antifeedant activity against the third instar larvae of Mythimna separata (Walker) at a concentration of 1 mg mL−1. The most potent compound tested was xylogranatin G. Its AFC50 (concentration for 50 % antifeedant activity) values at the exposure times of 24 and 48 h were 0.31 and 0.30 mg mL−1, respectively.
Rab6 family proteins interact with the dynein light chain protein DYNLRB1
Authors: Wanschers Bas , van de Vorstenbosch Rinske , Wijers Mietske , Wieringa Bé , King Stephen M. , Fransen Jack 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe small GTPase Rab6 is a key regulator in the retrograde transfer from endosomes via the Golgi to the ER. Three isoforms of Rab6 have been identified, the ubiquitously expressed Rab6A and Rab6A′, and the brain specific Rab6B. Recent studies have shown that Rab6A′ is the major isoform regulating this retrograde transport. Cytoplasmic dynein is the main motor protein complex for this transport. Dynein consists of two heavy chains, two intermediate chains, four light intermediatechains and several light chains, called roadblock/LC7 proteins or DYNLRB proteins. In mammalian cells two light chain isoforms have been identified, DYNLRB1 and DYNLRB2. We here show with yeast‐two‐hybrid, co‐immunoprecipitation and pull down studies that DYNLRB1 specifically interacts with all three Rab6 isoforms and co‐localises at the Golgi. This is the first example of a direct interaction between Rab6 isoforms and the dynein complex. Pull down experiments showed further preferred association of DYNLRB1 with GTP‐bound Rab6A and interestingly GDP‐bound Rab6A′ and Rab6B. In addition DYNLRB1 was found in the Golgi apparatus where it co‐localises with EYFP‐Rab6 isoforms. DYNLRB is a putative modulator of the intrinsic GTPase activity of GTP‐binding proteins. In vitro we were not able to reproduce this effect on Rab6 GTPase activity. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Opposite effects of overexpressed myosin Va or heavy meromyosin Va on vesicle distribution, cytoskeleton organization, and cell motility in nonmuscle cells
Authors: Eppinga Robbin D. , Peng I‐Feng , Lin Jenny Li‐Chun , Wu Chun‐Fang , Lin Jim Jung‐Ching 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMyosin Va, an actin‐based motor protein that transports intracellular cargos, can bundle actin in vitro. Whether myosin Va regulates cellular actin dynamics or cell migration remains unclear. To address this, we compared Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells that stably express GFP fused to either full length mouse myosin Va (GFP‐M5) or heavy meromyosin Va (GFP‐M5Δ). GFP‐M5 and GFP‐M5Δ co‐immunoprecipitate with CHO myosin Va and serve as overexpression of wild‐type and dominant negative mutants of myosin Va. Compared to non‐expressing control cells, GFP‐M5‐overexpressing cells have peripheral endocytic vesicles, spread slowly after plating, as well as produce robust interior actin stress fibers, myosin II bundles, and focal adhesions. However, these cells display normal cell migration and lamellipodial dynamics. In contrast, GFP‐M5Δ‐expressing cells have perinuclear endocytic vesicles, produce thin interior actin and myosin bundles and contain no interior focal adhesions. In addition, these cells spread rapidly, migrate slowly and display reduced lamellipodial dynamics. Similarly, neurite outgrowth is compromised in neurons cultured from transgenic Drosophila that express M5Δ‐dsRed and in neurons cultured from Drosophila that produce a tailless version of endogenous myosin V. Together, these data suggest that myosin Va overexpression induces actin bundles in vivo whereas the tailless version fails to bundle actin and disrupts cell motility. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.