bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oralfacialdigital‐like syndrome with respiratory tract symptoms from birth and ultrastructural centriole/basal body disarray
Authors: Stenram Unne , Cramnert Catarina , Axfors‐Olsson Helene 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA girl with polydactyly has had respiratory tract problems, including atelectasis, since birth. She has a high arched palate, a tongue hamartoma and dysmorphic face. Electron microscopy of nasal and bronchial brush biopsies repeatedly revealed centriole/basal body disarray and extreme sparseness of cilia. At the age of 2 years and 11 months, she displayed retardation of both motor and mental skills.Conclusion: The manifestations tally with a ciliopathy, partly with the Bardet‐‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) but especially with the oralfacialdigital syndrome (OFDS); however, with the addition of persistent respiratory tract problems. As these two syndromes are considered to be due to mutations affecting the centriole/basal body apparatus, the ultrastructural demonstration of disarray of these structures, never before demonstrated in such a patient, is of fundamental interest.
Helicobacter pylori infection among children with gastrointestinal symptoms: a high prevalence of infection among patients with reflux oesophagitis
Authors: Daugule Ilva , Rumba Ingrida , Alksnis Janis , Ejderhamn Jan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To investigate the link between H.pylori infection and dyspepsia in children, and association with reflux oesophagitis.Patients and Methods: H.pylori status was detected by rapid urease test and/or culture in 130 consecutive symptomatic children coming for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: 40 – aged 8–12 years (55% boys); 90 – aged 13–18 years (21% boys). Endoscopic findings were analyzed. H.pylori prevalence in the age group 8–12 years was compared to the prevalence among 55 asymptomatic children, aged 7–12 years (13C–urea breath test). Statistical analysis: χ2 test, Fisher's test, and logistic regression analysis.Results: The prevalence of H.pylori infection among patients with gastrointestinal symptoms was 54%. It was significantly higher among patients with reflux oesophagitis compared to patients with hyperaemic gastropathy: OR = 5.5; p = 0.03, 95% CI: 1.15–26.3. In logistic regression analysis, no significant difference between the prevalence of H.pylori infection between asymptomatic and symptomatic children could be demonstrated (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.62–5.14).Conclusions: The prevalence of H.pylori was significantly higher among patients with reflux oesophagitis compared to patients with hyperaemic gastropathy alone. Adjusting for age the prevalence of H.pylori infection was not higher among symptomatic children compared to asymptomatic children of the same age.
Measuring health‐related quality of life in adolescence
Authors: Frisén Ann 
Published: May 2008

AbstractUntil now, adolescents' health‐related quality of life (HRQL) has primarily been examined together with children or adults. Specific aspects of adolescents' HRQL have often been neglected. However, this period in life has its own specific characteristics that must be considered in order to understand more about adolescents' HRQL. This review addresses the following issues: Which domains of HRQL are particularly important to adolescents? How are these important features of adolescent functioning related to overall HRQL?Conclusion: When examining adolescents' HRQL it is essential to acknowledge the specific aspects of adolescents' HRQL, rather than regard these individuals as either children or adults and to cover important topics that are especially salient during this period in life, such as: physical maturation and body image; peer relationships; intimacy and sexuality; and autonomy.
Enteral calcium, phosphate and vitamin D requirements and bone mineralization in preterm infants
Authors: Rigo Jacques , Pieltain Catherine , Salle Bernard , Senterre Jacques 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWith major advances in life‐support measures, nutrition has become one of the most debated issues in the care of very low birth‐weight (VLBW) infants. Current nutritional recommendations are based on healthy premature infants and designed to provide postnatal nutrient retention during the ‘stable‐growing’ period equivalent to the intrauterine gain of a normal foetus. However, this reference is still a matter of discussion, especially in the field of the mineral requirements.After birth, there are dramatic physiological changes in bone metabolism resulting from various factors: disruption in maternal mineral supply, stimulation of calciotropic hormone secretion, change in hormonal environment and relative reduction in mechanical stress. These events stimulate the remodelling process leading to an increase in endosteal bone resorption and a decrease in bone density. In preterm infants, these adaptation processes modify the mineral requirement, since, by itself, the increased remodelling provides a part of the mineral requirement necessary for postnatal bone growth and turnover. The care of newly born premature infants should not necessarily aim to achieve intrauterine calcium accretion rates.Conclusion: Considering that a calcium retention level ranging from 60 to 90 mg/kg/day assures appropriate mineralization, and decreases the risk of fracture and diminishes the clinical symptoms of osteopenia, an intake of 100 to 160 mg/kg/day of highly bioavailable calcium salts, 60 to 90 mg/kg/day of phosphorus and 800 to 1000 IU of vitamin D per day is recommended.
Lung disease in ataxia‐telangiectasia
Authors: Bott L , Lebreton JP , Thumerelle C , Cuvellier JC , Deschildre A , Sardet A 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAtaxia‐telangiectasia (AT) is a multi‐systemic disease caused by mutational inactivation of the ATM gene. We report a retrospective study of lung disease in 15 patients.Patients and methods: A diagnosis of AT was made if the patient met the following criteria: neurological features and at least one the following: oculo‐cutaneous telangiectasia, elevated serum α‐feto‐protein level.Results: Recurrent sino‐pulmonary infections were usually present in 11 of the cases and occurred during the first 2 years of life. Other lung injuries noted were bronchiectasis, obstruction and restriction of the airways, fibrosis, pneumothorax and haemoptysis. Eleven children had immunodeficiencies.Discussion: Recurrent sino‐pulmonary manifestations precede neurological complications, but the severity of neuro‐degeneration and pulmonary disease were not correlated. Pulmonary status was a prognosis factor. Immunodeficiency was the main, but not the only, aetiology for lung disease in AT.Conclusion: There is little dispute over the role of ATM in lung and respiratory epithelium. To reduce the morbidity associated with AT, there needs to be greater awareness of respiratory complications. Early management and monitoring lung function is necessary to minimize lung damage.
Effect of early postnatal breastfeeding support: a cluster‐randomized community based trial
Authors: Kronborg H. , Væth M. , Olsen J. , Iversen L. , Harder I. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To assess the impact of a supportive intervention on the duration of breastfeeding.Design and setting: A community based cluster‐randomized trial in Western Denmark.Subjects: Fifty‐two health visitors and 781 mothers in the intervention group, and 57 health visitors and 816 mothers in the comparison group.Intervention: Health visitors in the intervention group received an 18‐h course. The intervention addressed maternal psychosocial factors and consisted of 1–3 home visits during the first 5 weeks post‐partum. Health visitors in the comparison group offered their usual practice.Main outcome measure: Duration of exclusive breastfeeding during 6 months of follow‐up.Results: Mothers in the intervention group had a 14% lower cessation rate (HR = 0.86 CI: 0.75–0.99). Similar results were seen for primipara, and multipara with previously short breastfeeding experience. Mothers in the intervention group received their first home visit earlier, had more visits and practical breastfeeding training within the first 5 weeks. Babies in the intervention group were breastfed more frequently, fewer used pacifiers, and their mothers reported more confidence in not knowing the exact amount of milk their babies had received when being breastfed.Conclusion: Home visits in the first 5 weeks following birth may prolong the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Postnatal support should focus on both psychosocial and practical aspects of breastfeeding. Mothers with no or little previous breastfeeding experience require special attention.
Consequences of varicella in pregnancy: a report of four cases
Authors: Narkeviciute Irena 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFour infants are reported with varicella‐Zoster virus (VZV) infection, whose mothers had varicella during the second–third trimester of pregnancy. Two newborns had neonatal varicella. One of them, whose mother contracted varicella 5 days before delivery, had a severe and complicated form of the disease. The infants who had herpes zoster did not have specific VZV‐IgG antibodies at the onset of the disease.Conclusion: These cases showed that varicella during the second–third trimester of pregnancy may have serious consequence for infants.
β‐Glucuronidase activity in cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis due to urinary tract infection
Authors: Eliopoulou MI , Georgakopoulos CD , Beratis NG 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEliopoulou MI, Georgakopoulos CD and Beratis NG. β‐Glucuronidase in cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis due to urinary tract infection. Acta Paediatr.Aim: This study examines the β‐glucuronidase activity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) and sterile CSF pleocytosis and the feasibility of using these measurements for diagnostic purposes.Methods: β‐Glucuronidase activity was measured in the CSF from 22 in each group neonates and infants with UTI and sterile CSF pleocytosis, bacterial meningitis, aseptic meningitis of apparently viral etiology and controls without CSF pleocytosis.Results: The median (range) β‐glucuronidase activity in UTI with sterile CSF pleocytosis was 44.1 (33.2–57.1), whereas in the controls without CSF pleocytosis it was 19.1 (7.0–22.7), in aseptic meningitis of apparently viral etiology it was 26.5 (21.0–30.0) and in bacterial meningitis it was 168 (70.0–1152). The difference between the enzyme activity in the CSF of the patients with UTI and those in the other groups of neonates and infants is significant (p < 0.0001), with no overlapping between UTI and the other groups of children studied. Both the sensitivity and specificity of the activity was 100%. Conversely, there was a broad overlapping of the classic CSF laboratory parameters among the groups of subjects studied.Conclusion: β‐Glucuronidase activity in cell‐free CSF discerns, with much greater accuracy than the classic CSF laboratory parameters, sterile CSF pleocytosis due to UTI from that of bacterial and viral meningitis and from control subjects without CSF pleocytosis.
Micronutrient status in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Hillesund Elisabet , Skranes Jon , Trygg Kerstin Ulla , Bøhmer Thomas 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To investigate micronutrient status in a group of children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods: Thirty‐six children with CP, aged 1.5–17 years, completed a 4‐day food diary, underwent anthropometric measurements and delivered blood for analysis of micronutrient concentrations.Results: Low intake of iron, folate, niacin, calcium, vitamin E and vitamin D was common, even among those who were receiving nutritional supplements. Laboratory tests revealed low serum concentration of folate in eight children, α‐tocopherol in six children, ferritin in five children and pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate in three children. Two participants were low in zinc and one was low in selenium. Severely disabled children received nutrition supplements more frequently than those with less severe disability (71% vs.16%, p = 0.01). Tube feeding and use of nutrition supplements was reflected in higher concentrations of micronutrients in blood and serum.Conclusion: Low intake of micronutrients as well as low micronutrient concentrations was common in this heterogenic group of children with CP. Children with neurological disabilities should have their nutritional status evaluated in order to ascertain sufficient intake of micronutrients.
Is the ABC pain scale reliable for premature babies?
Authors: Bellieni CV , Maffei M , Ancora G , Cordelli D , Mastrocola M , Faldella G , Ferretti E , Buonocore G 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: We recently developed the ABC scale to assess pain in term newborns. The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability of the scale in preterm babies.Material and methods: The scale consists of three cry parameters: (a) pitch of the first cry, (b) rhythmicity of the bout of crying and (c) cry constancy. Changes in these parameters were previously found to distinguish medium and high levels of pain as evaluated by spectral analysis of crying. We enrolled 72 babies to perform the steps usually requested to validate a scale, namely the study of the concurrent validity, specificity and sensibility. Moreover, we assessed the interjudge reliability and the clinical utility and ease of the scale.Results: A good correlation (r = 0.68; r2= 0.45; p < 0.0001) was found between scores obtained with the ABC scale and the premature infant pain profile (PIPP) scale, demonstrating a good concurrent validity. The scale also showed good sensitivity and specificity (we found statistically significant differences between mean values of scores obtained in babies who underwent pain and babies who underwent non‐painful stimulus.) Interobserver reliability was good: Cohen's kappa = 0.7.Conclusion: The good correlation between the two scales shows that the ABC scale is also reliable for premature babies.
Traumatic head injury in infants and toddlers
Authors: Myhre MC , Grøgaard JB , Dyb GA , Sandvik L , Nordhov M 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To describe the presenting characteristics, type of injury and hospital course in young children with traumatic head injury, and to identify characteristics indicating that the trauma was inflicted.Methods: A retrospective medical record review of 91children less than 3 years of age who were admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in Norway from 1995 through 2005 with a traumatic head injury. Patients were identified by diagnostic codes, and categorized by type of injury as skull fractures (n = 39), epidural haemorrhage (EDH) (n = 12), subdural haemorrhage (n = 27) and parenchymal brain injury (n = 13). Further the cases were classified as inflicted injury (n = 17), accident (n = 35) or indeterminate (n = 39).Results: The mechanism of injury was similar for EDHs and isolated skull fractures, and none were classified as inflicted. Sixty‐three percent of the cases with subdural haematoma were classified as inflicted. When compared to the accident group, children in the inflicted group more frequently had subdural haemorrhage without a skull fracture (OR = 6.9, CI = 1.7–28.2), and seizures (OR = 9.5, CI = 2.1–43.3).Conclusions: Inflicted and accidental head injuries differed in presenting characteristics and injury type. Nearly two‐third of the subdural haemorrhages were classified as inflicted, but none of the epidural EDHs or skull fractures. Inflicted injuries tended to present with seizures.
Changes in laboratory parameters indicating cell necrosis and organ dysfunction in asphyxiated neonates on moderate systemic hypothermia
Authors: Róka Anikó , Vásárhelyi Barna , Bodrogi Eszter , Machay Tamás , Szabó Miklós 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: Asphyxia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in term infants. In addition to cerebral injury other organs are also distressed due to hypoxic‐ischaemic insult. Systemic hypothermia has a beneficial effect on brain injury. We tested the impact of hypothermia on hypoxic damage of other internal organs.Methods: Asphyxiated term neonates (n = 21) were randomised to groups treated with hypothermia (n = 12) and normothermia (n = 9). Hypothermia (33–34°C) was initiated within 6 h of life, and maintained for 72 h. We determined serum transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, uric acid, creatinine levels and diuresis during 6, 24, 48 and 72 postnatal hours.Results: Area under curve values of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), uric acid and creatinine during the investigated period and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) value at 72 h were lower in neonates on hypothermia than in those on normothermia. Renal failure and liver impairment affected less hypothermic than normothermic neonates (3/12 vs. 7/9, p = 0.03, 3/12 vs. 6/9 p = 0.08, respectively). Four of the 12 hypothermic and 6 of the 9 normothermic neonates developed multiorgan failure.Conclusions: These results suggest that systemic hypothermia may protect against cell necrosis and tissue dysfunction of internal organs after neonatal asphyxia.
Outcome of infants with inflicted traumatic brain injury (shaken baby syndrome) in Estonia
Authors: Talvik Inga , Männamaa Mairi , Jüri Piret , Leito Kaja , Põder Haide , Hämarik Malle , Kool Pille , Talvik Tiina 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis is a population‐based prospective study to identify the long‐term outcome of children with inflicted traumatic brain injury (ITBI).Twenty‐two survivors were identified and followed up. Only 2 of 22 had no developmental problems at follow‐up, 20 of 22 children were having different developmental problems, among them 3 of 22 were severely handicapped. Psychological tests passed 17 of 22, 5 did not pass due to severe handicap (3 children) or were too young (2 patients). Epilepsy was found in 7 of 22, being intractable in 3 cases. Serious motor problems were identified in 5 of 22. Ophthalmologic problems were found in 4 of 22. The most important predictor of adverse outcome was young age at the time of the insult.Conclusion: the outcome of these potentially healthy children is poor. The key question is prevention. Health care professionals should be more concerned about these problems.
Short‐term growth in children with eczema during treatment with topical mometasone furoate and tacrolimus
Authors: Gradman Josefine , Wolthers Ole D 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground: Treatment with topical glucocorticoids in children with atopic eczema may be associated with systemic adverse effects, such as suppression of growth.Aim: To asses if treatment with topical mometasone furoate 0.1% or topical tacrolimus 0.1% affects short‐term growth in children with atopic eczema. Primary outcome measures were lower leg growth rates measured by knemometry.Methods: Twenty 5‐ to 12‐year‐old prepubertal children with atopic eczema were included in a randomised, investigator‐blind crossover study with five periods: two treatment periods, a run in, a wash out and a run out. All periods were of 2‐week duration. The subjects applied mometasone furoate ointment 0.1% once daily during one treatment period and tacrolimus ointment 0.1% twice daily during the other treatment period.Results: As compared to run in mean lower leg growth rate during mometasone furoate and tacrolimus treatment was reduced by 0.09 and 0.06 mm/week, respectively, (F = 1.12, p = 0.35). Consistently, no statistically significant effects on urine levels of eosinophil protein X and crossed‐linked N‐telopeptides were detected.Conclusion: Treatment with mometasone furoate or tacrolimus does not affect short‐term growth in children with mild to moderate atopic eczema.
Treatment‐by‐gender effect when aiming to avoid hyperoxia in preterm infants in the NICU
Authors: Deulofeut Richard , Dudell Golde , Sola Augusto 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine gender‐specific differences in response to the O2 saturation (SpO2) targets aimed at avoiding hyperoxia in very low birth weight infants (VLBW).Methods: Analysis of a prospectively collected database of all infants ≤1250 g in two perinatal centres. A change was instituted in January 2003 with the objective of avoiding hyperoxia with target SpO2 at 85–93% (period II). Prior to this, SpO2 high alarms were set at 100% and low alarms at 92% (period I; from January 2000 to December 2002).Results: Of the 497 infants that met enrolment criteria, 297 (60%) were born during period I and 140 (47%) of them were male. During period II, 200 infants were born and 101 (50%) were male. Analysis by gender showed that the rate of retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and length of stay is significantly better for female infants than males on period II compared to period I. Neither gender experienced increased short‐term neurological morbidity in response to lower SpO2 targets.Conclusions: There is a significant gender‐specific difference favouring females in the beneficial effects produced by avoiding high SpO2 and hyperoxia, with no difference in the distribution of any potential short‐term detrimental effects.
Universal newborn hearing screening: a 27‐month experience in the French region of Champagne‐Ardenne
Authors: Lévêque Marianne , Schmidt Pascal , Leroux Bernard , Danvin Jean‐Baptiste , Langagne Thibault , Labrousse Marc , Chays André 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives: This article reports the creation of a Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) program in a French region, Champagne‐Ardenne, and the results of its first 27 months.Materials and Methods: We introduced a UNHS program in all the Champagne‐Ardenne maternities in order to screen all newborns in the region. We used a two‐step strategy. The first test consists of automated transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and is performed before discharge by a nurse or a midwife. If TEOAE are absent in both ears (positive screening test), the baby is referred to the second test, which could be either TEOAE or automated auditory brainstem response (aABR) 15 days after discharge, by a physician in an outpatient clinic. If the retest is positive in both ears, the baby is referred to diagnostic tests in a reference centre. This procedure also applies to newborns in neonatal intensive care units but, in those cases, the first test procedure is aABR because of the higher incidence of auditory neuropathies in those units. UNHS data are recorded with the other neonatal screening tests in the Regional Neonatal Screening Center, which facilitates the follow‐up of newborns.Results: A total of 33 873 newborns were screened, which represents a coverage rate of 92.42%. In those babies, 33 431 had a negative first test and 429 were retested. There were 34 positive retests. Among those 34 children, 27 were actually deaf (0.08%). The median age at diagnosis was shortened from 17 months to 10 weeks.Conclusion: Those 27‐month results demonstrate the validity of our UNHS program, which relies on the cooperation with maternities, an easy protocol and a strong follow‐up procedure.