bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dinetia decraemerae n. sp. (Nematoda: Draconematidae), a new free-living marine nematode from a subtidal zone in Korea
Authors: Paik Sang-Gyu , Rho Hyun Soo , Kim Won 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDinetia decraemerae n. sp., a new species of the family Draconematidae, is described. This new species was collected from subtidal coarse sediments and small logs from the eastern coast of Korea. Dinetia decraemerae n. sp. is distinguished from D. nycterobia and D. orientalis by the following combination of characters: number of cephalic adhesion tubes (34-36 in male and 32-34 in female), number of sublateral posterior adhesion tubes (7-8 in male and 12-13 in female) and subventral posterior adhesion tubes (16-20 in male and 17-19 in female), the buccal cavity (narrow and armed with a dorsal and two minute ventrosublateral teeth), the body striation (not completely surrounding the unispiral amphidial fovea), large, slightly curved, spicules, gubernacular apparatus paired with distal lateral enlargement of the corpus extending around distal part of each spicule, and C′ value (2.6-2.9 in male and 3.4-3.8 in female). The generic diagnosis is emended and a key to species provided.
Moss inhabiting nematodes: influence of the moss substratum and geographical distribution in Europe
Authors: Zullini Aldo , Barbuto Michela 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe impact of the moss substratum (soil or rock) on the species composition of nematode assemblages was investigated. Samples of different species of moss were collected at several stations in Italy. Nematode density was very variable between samples and substrata, but nematode assemblages were very similar in trophic group structure and diversity. Predator dominance and the high percentage of Dorylaimida indicate the good quality of the investigated stations. Species richness and biomass were higher in mosses growing on soil where large nematodes such as Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus were abundant. No clear substratum-dependent species pattern was found: only Tripylella intermedia appears to be exclusive for mosses growing on rocks. Prionchulus muscorum and Plectus acuminatus were the commonest species and occurred in almost all samples. By comparing our moss communities with those of other European communities reported in the literature, we detected significant differences between continental and Mediterranean communities.
Cultural Tectonics
Authors: Hayward Philip 
Published: October 2006

This article offers a critique of the notion of globalisation and of common assumptions about the efficacy and applicability of a range of new cultural technologies to non-western/developed cultures. In particular, the article stresses the materiality of planet Earth and the politics of resources in its less economically 'enabled' regions as elements which must be taken into account in the kinds of theoretical writing emerging in the field of new cultural technology studies. As befits the frequently used communicative modes of various interviewees and collaborators from the western Pacific region whose ideas inform my thinking in this article, my contentions are expressed through a mixture of conventional critical argument and a series of examples, allusions, metaphors and aphorisms intended to inform and stimulate the engaged reader.
Factorial designed experiment to study the effects of excipients on the mechanical properties of pellets
Authors: Bashaiwoldu Abraham B , Podczeck Fridrun , Newton J Michael 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the effects of formulation factors on the mechanical properties of pellets produced by the process of extrusion and spheronisation. A range of properties from a simple fracture load to detailed load/displacement curves were used to study the effects of the levels of lactose monohydrate and glyceryl monostearate on the mechanical properties of pellets in terms of their surface tensile strength, pellet deformability and linear strain. A series of independent 22-factorial designs were employed to establish the relationships between composition of the formulations and pellet properties, whereby the concept of an excess variable was explored. It was found that the spheronisation aid used, microcrystalline cellulose, is the domineering factor in most mechanical properties studied, except for the surface tensile strength, which decreased significantly with an increase in glyceryl monostearate concentration. The change in binder liquid from water to a water/ethanol mixture further changed the behaviour of the systems significantly. The assumption of an excess variable being less critical for the statistical outcome of a factorial experiment has not been found feasible for the systems studied.
Hypolipidaemic and antiplatelet activity of phenoxyacetic acid derivatives related to α-asarone
Authors: Pérez-Pastén Ricardo , García Rosa Virginia , Garduño Leticia , Reyes Elba , Labarrios Fernando , Tamariz Joaquín , Chamorro Germán 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The phenoxyacetic acid derivatives 1–6 [2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenoxyacetic acid (1); 2-methoxy-5-nitro-4-(2-propenyl)phenoxyacetic acid (2); methyl 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenoxyacetate (3); ethyl 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenoxyacetate (4); methyl 2-methoxy-5-nitro-4-(2-propenyl)phenoxyacetate (5); ethyl 2-methoxy-5-nitro-4-(2-propenyl)phenoxyacetate (6)] related to α-asarone have been reported previously as hypolipidaemic agents in diet-induced hyperlipidaemic mice. We have aimed to expand the pharmacological profile of these derivatives by investigating their hypolipidaemic activity in rats and mice under different experimental conditions. The antiplatelet activity was tested also in-vitro from blood derived from consenting healthy volunteers. In normolipidaemic rats, compounds 2, 3 and 5 at oral doses of 40 and 80 mg kg−1 significantly decreased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. Moreover, analogues 3 and 5 administered to hypercholesterolaemic rats at the same doses for seven days also produced a reduction in the content of these same lipoproteins. In neither case were the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations affected. However, practically all tested compounds were found to be hypocholesterolaemic agents, and were shown to effectively lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Triton-induced hyperlipidaemic mice at oral doses of 50 and 100 mg kg−1. In all tests, all animals appeared to be healthy throughout the experimental period in their therapeutic ranges. Triton-induced hypercholesterolaemic mice appeared to be a desirable model for this class of hypolipidaemic drugs. On the other hand, compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 significantly inhibited ADP-induced aggregation in-vitro. These findings indicated that all of these compounds appeared to be promising for the treatment of human hyperlipidaemia and thrombotic diseases.
Metabolism of troglitazone in hepatocytes isolated from experimentally induced diabetic rats
Authors: Meechan A J , Henderson C , Bates C D , Grant M H , Tettey J N A 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Troglitazone (TGZ), the prototype 2,4-thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent, is associated with hepa-totoxicity in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Although the mechanism of toxicity has not been established, alterations in the clearance of TGZ from in-vitro hepatocyte cultures through metabolic conjugation reactions are believed to modulate the toxicity of the compound. In this study, the metabolism of TGZ in freshly isolated hepatocytes from the fat-fed streptozotocin-treated rat model of Type 2 diabetes is described. Biochemical parameters such as cellular reduced glutathione content, content of cytochromes P450 and b5, and the expression of glutathione-S-transferase α (subunits Ya and Yc2) were not affected by the induced diabetes. TGZ was metabolized primarily to a sulfonate, a quinone and a glucuronide in both control and experimentally diabetic animals. However, metabolism after induction of diabetes was characterized by a moderate increase in sulfation, a decrease in the elimination half-life of TGZ and the absence of the minor metabolites of TGZ, notably the glutathione adduct of the putative reactive intermediate (m/z = 747 (M + H)+; m/z = 745 (M — H)−).
Effect of the administration of tiagabine and gabapentin on rabbit electroencephalogram activity
Authors: Pietrzak Boguslawa , Czarnecka Elzbieta 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
New generation antiepileptic drugs, including gabapentin and tiagabine, are used in monotherapy or in combination with other drugs for specific seizure types. The multidirectional mechanism of activity and varied pharmacological properties of these drugs suggest that they could also be used in the therapy of other diseases. A possible limitation of new generation antiepileptic drugs is the incidence of CNS-related adverse effects. Few studies have assessed the effect of new antiepileptic drugs on electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings in subjects using these drugs for diseases other than epilepsy. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tiagabine and gabapentin on EEG recordings from the midbrain reticular formation, dorsal hippocampus and frontal cortex in rabbits. Tiagabine was administered orally at a single dose of 5 and 20 mg kg−1, or repeatedly at a dose of 5 mg kg−1 (twice a day) for 14 days. Gabapentin was administered orally at a single dose of 25 and 100 mg kg−1, or repeatedly at a dose of 25 mg kg−1 (twice a day) for 14 days. Both tiagabine and gabapentin caused changes indicative of CNS inhibitory properties, which may be associated with the adverse effects of the drugs. After repeated doses of the drugs, the changes in EEG recordings were less pronounced than after single doses, which may indicate adaptive changes. The hippocampus was found to be the least sensitive to the effect of gabapentin.
Protective effect of Mediterranean fish oil extracts on heat-induced denaturation of albumin
Authors: Puglia Carmelo , Santagati Natale Alfredo , Bonina Francesco , Trombetta Domenico , Cristani Mariateresa , Speciale Antonio , Saija Antonella 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Three oily extracts, obtained by acetone extraction from the entrails of different varieties of Mediterranean fishes, such as mackerel (Scomber scombrus), sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus), were characterized to determine their unsaturated fatty acid content. In an in-vitro model, their inhibitory effect was then evaluated against protein aggregation and their protective efficacy against heat-induced albumin denaturation assessed. The fish oil extracts tested in this study presented a significant amount of unsaturated fatty acids; in particular the extract obtained from the entrails of horse mackerel proved to have higher concentrations of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and oleic acid compared with the other two oils. The in-vitro study revealed an interesting protective effect of the oil extracts (particularly the horse mackerel extract) against heat-induced denaturation of albumin.
Optimization under uncertainty of sheet-metal-forming processes by the finite element method
Authors: Strano M 
Published: October 2006

In this paper, a novel method is proposed for the optimization, by finite element method (FEM) analysis, of the design variables of sheet-metal-forming processes. The method is useful when one or more non-controllable process parameters can be modelled as a random variable that introduces a degree of uncertainty into a process solution or, in other words, when the effect of any combination of design variables on the process response is disturbed by the non-controllable effect of a random vector of parameters. The method is particularly suited to problems with large FEM computational times, small process window, and large non-uniform variance of results. The process window is the region in the space of the design variables where the failure probability (i.e. the probability that wrinkling or excessive thinning occur) is lower than a given α value. The problem is formulated as the minimization of a cost function, subject to a reliability constraint. The cost function is indirectly optimized through a ‘metamodel’, built by ‘Kriging’ interpolation. The reliability, i.e. the failure probability, is assessed by a binary logistic regression analysis of the simulation results. The method is described and applied to a real production problem, a flexforming operation with large probability of failure by wrinkling, where the fluid pressure curve must be optimized. This particular industrial example has been chosen because several solutions found by process engineers did not prove to be robust in respect of a random variation in the coefficient of friction. A simple and conventional design approach would lead to an unreliable solution.
Efficient Immobilization of Cellulose Phenylcarbamate Bearing Alkoxysilyl Group onto Silica Gel by Intermolecular Polycondensation and Its Chiral Recognition
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Chiyo , Kamigaito Masami , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Cellulose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate bearing a small amount of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl residues was synthesized and effectively immobilized onto silica gel support for high-performance liquid chromatography by the polycondensation of triethoxysilyl groups. The immobilized chiral packing material (CPM) showed high chiral recognition as well as the conventional CPM prepared by coating the derivative onto silica gel, and can be used with a variety of eluents.
Dispersion and Modification of Carbon Nanotubes Using a Surface Gel–Sol Technique
Authors: Liu Yuyang , Kong Yeeyee , Cheung Chingchun , Li Li , Xin John Haozhong 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The peptization process of titania gel in acidic aqueous media has been utilized for the dispersion and modification of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in water, up to single tube level. Agglomerates and bundles of CNTs were first treated with titania precursors using a controlled adsorption process, and then the carbon nanotubes were exposed to acid moistures for forming titania gels on the surface of CNTs. Subsequently, the composite of titania and CNTs was introduced to aqueous media for the peptization of titania gel agglomerates. With the progressing of the peptization process (i.e., destruction of the titania gel agglomerates and redispersion into primary grains), these agglomerated CNTs were “drawn” apart from each other to form individual suspensions.
Results of reconstructive mastoidectomy with homograft knee cartilage
Authors: Wehrs Roger E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe technique of reconstructing the posterior canal wall with homograft knee cartilage originally described in 1972 is reviewed and refinements are presented along with additional cases.The homograft knee cartilage is used in conjunction with the homograft tympanic membrane and ossicles to rebuild the middle ear and mastoid as near as possible to anatomical configuration and function. Anatomical follow‐up of one year or more is reported on 63 ears. Satisfactory results were obtained in 36 of these ears or 57% of the total.Hearing results are reported overall and in relation to different types of reconstruction. One year or more follow‐up demonstrates satisfactory hearing with an air‐bone gap of 20 db or less in 77% of the postoperative ears.
Stapedectomy — in depth analysis of 2405 cases
Authors: Ginsberg Irwin A. , Hoffman Sanford R. , Stinziano Gerald D. , White Thomas P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn optical reader system used in conjunction with a CDC 6400 computer was utilized to obtain data summaries related to the stapedectomy procedure. Medical and audiological data of 2405 cases undergoing surgery for otosclerosis were analyzed. Results are reported in tabular, figurative and descriptive forms.
Cost‐benefit ratio in our search for cerebellopontine angle tumors
Authors: Caparosa Ralph J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere is agreement that the morbidity and mortality of CPA tumors are directly proportional to the size of the tumor. The diagnostic difficulty, however, is indirectly proportional to the size: the large tumors are diagnosed with little difficulty, the smaller ones with considerable challenge. In the search for these tumors, it is apparent that the incidence of all sizes is low. To arrive at the diagnosis, efforts must be pursued in any patient with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, unilateral tinnitus, or vertigo.In the past 12 years, 19,000 new patients were seen in the office of the Pittsburgh Otological Association. In this new patient population, 120 tumors were proven by surgery. Six others (bilateral tumors) were diagnosed but not operated on, and four others were diagnosed but were operated on elsewhere for a total of 130 patients.An estimate of the cost of diagnosing these tumors is presented. Consideration is given to the cost‐benefit ratio of diagnosing those diseases which must be considered also in the differential diagnosis when the above symptoms are present. These are: congenital changes, trauma, metabolic neuropathies, Meniere's disease, noise‐induced hearing loss, lues, sudden hearing loss, and unilateral symptoms of undetermined etiology.
Eustachian tube function related to the results of tympanoplasty in children
Authors: Bluestone Charles D. , Cantekin Erdem I. , Douglas Gavin S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe results of tympanoplastic surgery to repair a perforation of the tympanic membrane are less satisfactory in children than in adults. This paper reports the results of a prospective study of 45 children (51 ears) which was undertaken to determine which, if any, detectable and controllable pre or intraoperative parameters might predict the outcome of tympanoplasty surgery. A “successful” tympanoplasty was defined as that in which the initial graft took, in which the tympanic membrane remained intact, and which was not associated with high negative middle ear pressure, otitis media with effusion, or cholesteatoma during a follow‐up period of one to two years. Assessment of hearing related to the tympanoplastic surgery was not included as an outcome measure. With this criteria, the overall success rate of tympanoplasty in children was 35%.The success of tympanoplasty was not related to graft placement, although the laterally placed grafts had a higher take rate (67%) than grafts placed medially (49%). Preoperative measures, such as the assessment of Eustachian tube function using the modified inflation‐deflation test and tympanometric evaluation of the contralateral ear, failed to predict the success of tympanoplasty. Tympanoplasty universally failed in the ears in which an acquired cholesteatoma was present. Children remain uncertain candidates for tympanoplasty surgery since, as a group, their Eustachian tube function is not as good as that of adults.
Inflammatory and neoplastic masses of the nose and paranasal sinus in children
Authors: Schramm Victor L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study categorizes the diseases of 376 children with inflammatory or neoplastic masses of the nose and paranasal sinuses treated at the University of Pittsburgh or reviewed at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. The presenting symptoms and signs of these masses, patient evaluations, and the outcome of management are reviewed. A plan for therapy of the various masses presenting in this area is suggested based on the outcome of this study.
Development of laryngeal function: Etiologic significance in the sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Sasaki Clarence T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecent clinical evidence implicates transient upper airway obstruction as a cause of potentially fatal cardiorespiratory disturbances. This investigation identifies age‐related neurologic mechanisms which may be pertinent to the production of abnormal laryngeal closure as a possible cause of unexpected infant death.A period of transient laryngeal hyper‐excitability is identified in pups 50‐75 days postnatally. The mechanism of the hyper‐excitable state resulting in increased risk of laryngeal spasm, appears related to: 1. the completion of central synaptic maturation: 2. transient reduction in central latency; and 3. a reduction in central inhibition. Such observations provide clues to neurologic vulnerability occurring not immediately after birth, but during a discrete time period thereafter, prior to complete neurologic maturation. As such, these observations fulfill a criterion of utmost importance in the search for etiologic significance in the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, and, in a broad sense, support the concept of selective maturational failure as a possible cause for age‐dependent, unexpected infant death.
Inverting papillomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Authors: Calcaterra Thomas C. , Thompson Jerome W. , Paglia Donald E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInverting papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses can sometimes be very difficult to distinguish from other nasal tumors, and the confusion ranges from allergic nasal polyposis to carcinoma. They are also certainly characterized by multiple recurrence, particularly after limited operations.The experience with 34 cases seen at UCLA over the past two decades is analyzed and a philosophy of treatment is outlined. We favor wide local excision which generally necessitates a lateral rhinotomy and medial maxillectomy. The operative approach will be described in detail.
Vascular anomalies of the middle ear
Authors: Glasscock Michael E. , Dickins John R. E. , Jackson C. Gary , Wiet Richard J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe patient presenting with a red mass behind the eardrum and a pulsating tinnitus may well have a vascular tumor. One must be ever mindful, however, that the mass may represent a congential vascular anomaly. The most common one seen is the uncovered jugular bulb in which the vessel extends superiorly into the middle ear to or above the incudostapedial joint. More rare is the uncovered and posteriorly displaced carotid artery.The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the subject of vascular anomalies of the middle ear and temporal bone and to discuss the diagnosis and management of these lesions. Illustrative case reports with color photographs are presented as well.
The neuroendocrine nature of the glomus cells: An experimental, ultrastructural, and histochemical tissue culture study
Authors: Lawson William 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough the carotid body is an established chemoreceptor, there is considerable evidence also for its possessing a secretory function. While adrenergic neuroendocrine cells of neuroectodermal derivation exist in the central and autonomic nervous systems, the exact histogenesis of the mammalian carotid body is unsettled.The normal human carotid body and glomus jugulare tumor have been grown in tissue culture and their constituent cells have been observed to transform from epithelial to neuronoid appearing cells with extensive dendritic processes. This conversion has been further enhanced by the addition of nerve growth factor, a polypeptide specific for neural tissue. Electron microscopy confirmed that these cultured neoplastic cells had a subcellular architecture identical to the in situ glomus cell. Histofluorescence revealed that these in vitro cells continued to synthesize and store biogenic monoamines in culture.Comparison of the morphologic, ultrastructural and histochemical features of the glomus cell with established neuroendocrine cells (central nervous system neurons, sympathetic ganglia cells, chromaffin cells) shows striking similarities. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that the glomus cell is a modified neuron of neural crest origin.The embryology, electron microscopy and histochemistry of the carotid body and related glomera and their tumors are reviewed.