bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards an antibacterial self‐healing coating based on linseed oil/ZnO nanoparticles repair agent, encapsulated in polyurea formaldehyde microcapsules
Authors: Karampoor Mohammad Reza , Bahrami Abbas , Atapour Masoud 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research aims at investigating the idea of anti‐bacterial self‐healing coatings based on polyurea formaldehyde microcapsules (MCs), with the repair agent being ZnO‐containing linseed oil. ZnO nanoparticles were added to the repair agent with the idea of developing an antibacterial coating. The idea was to entrap some ZnO nanoparticles inside microcapsules, aiming for some local release of ZnO nanoparticles where the coating is damaged. The corrosion resistances of the coatings were studied using the Tafel polarization test. The structure of the coating samples was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. To check the antibacterial properties of ZnO‐containing self‐healing samples, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were used. Results showed that ZnO nanoparticles were distributed not only inside microcapsules but also over the walls, inferring that overall protection can also be attained in addition to local anti‐bacterial performance. Results showed that the proposed multi‐functional coating has promising antibacterial and self‐healing responses.
Ancient stellar populations in the outskirts of nearby grand-design spirals: Investigation of their star formation histories
Authors: Lofaro Cristina Maria , Rodighiero Giulia , Enia Andrea , Werle Ariel , Bisigello Laura , Cassata Paolo , Casasola Viviana , Renzini Alvio , Scaloni Letizia , Bianchetti Alessandro 
Published: April 2024

Context. The main sequence (MS) of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) is the tight relation between the galaxy stellar mass (M⋆) and its star formation rate (SFR) and was observed up to z ∼ 6. The MS relation can be used as a reference for understanding the differences among galaxies, which are characterised by different rates of stellar production (starbursts, SFGs, and passive galaxies), and those inside a galaxy that is made up of different components (bulge, disk, and halo). To investigate peculiar features found in our galaxies sample in more depth, we focus here on their star formation history (SFH).
Aims. The SFHs are a fundamental tool for revealing the galaxy path from the earlier stages of formation to the present time. The various phases of galaxy evolution are imprinted on the source spectrum globally and locally. Thus, we are able to interpret the dynamical origin of the spirals quantitatively and distinguish between in situ or ex situ formation processes.
Methods. We performed a spectral energy distribution fitting procedure that accounted for the energetic balance between UV (observed) and far-IR (optically obscured) radiation on a sample of eight nearby face-on grand-design spiral galaxies from the DustPedia sample. This approach allowed us to study the spatially resolved MS of the sample and to recover the past SFH by accounting for attenuation due to the presence of dust. By exploiting the BAGPIPES code, we constrained the SFHs for each galaxy with a delayed exponentially declining model to derive their mass-weighted age (tMW).
Results. The spiral galaxies in our sample have similar radial tMW trends overall. A central old region (tMW up to ∼7 Gyr, consistent with the presence of a bulge for various systems) is followed by younger regions in which the disks are still forming stars (tMW ∼ 4 Gyr). At larger distances from the centre of the galaxies, tMW increases mildly in general. Strikingly, in two galaxies (NGC4321 and NGC5194), we found a steep increase in tMW that reached levels similar to those of the bulge. These old stellar populations in the very galaxy outskirts, which are also detectable as “quenched rings” below the spatially resolved MS, is unexpected. We discuss their potential origin by considering the different gas phases (HI and H2) of the source with the most prominent quenched ring, NGC4321, and argue for two main possibilities: (1) some environmental effect (e.g. starvation) could affect the outer edge of the galaxies or (2) the circumgalactic medium of sources outside of high-density clusters might have stopped to supply pristine gas to the galaxy (e.g. if its specific angular moment is too high for being accreted).
Onset of penumbra formation
Authors: García-Rivas M. , Jurčák J. , Bello González N. , Borrero J. M. , Schlichenmaier R. , Lindner P. 
Published: April 2024

Context. Fully fledged penumbrae have been widely studied both observationally and theoretically. Yet the relatively fast process of penumbra formation has not been studied closely with high spatial resolution.
Aims. We investigate the stages previous to and during the formation of penumbral filaments in a developing sunspot.
Methods. We analysed Milne-Eddington inversions from spectro-polarimetric data of the leading sunspot of NOAA 11024 during the development of its penumbra. We focused on selected areas of this protospot in which segments of penumbra develop.
Results. We find that few types of distinctive flow patterns develop at the protospot limb and centre sides previous to penumbra formation. The flow in the centre side is often characterised by a persistent (> 20 min) inflow-outflow pattern extending radially over 4 arcsec at the direct periphery of the protospot umbra. This inflow-outflow system often correlates with elongated granules, as seen in continuum intensity maps, and is also coupled with magnetic bipolar patches at its edges, as seen in magnetograms. The field is close to horizontal between the bipolar patches, which is indicative of its possible loop configuration. All of these aspects are analogous to observations of magnetic flux emergence. In the protospot limb side, however, we observed a mostly regular pattern associated with small granules located near the protospot intensity boundary. Locally, an inflow develops adjacent to an existing penumbral segment, and this inflow is correlated with a single bright penumbral filament that is brighter than filaments containing the Evershed flow. All investigated areas at the centre and limb side eventually develop penumbral filaments with an actual Evershed flow that starts at the umbral boundary and grows outwards radially as the penumbral filaments become longer in time.
A proposal to improve the accuracy of cosmological observables and address the Hubble tension problem
Authors: Foidl Horst , Rindler-Daller Tanja 
Published: April 2024

Context. Cosmological observational programs often compare their data not only with Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM), but also with extensions applying dynamical models of dark energy (DE), whose time-dependent equation of state (EoS) parameters w differ from that of a cosmological constant. We found a degeneracy in the customary computational procedure for the expansion history of cosmological models once dynamical models of DE models were applied. This degeneracy, given the Planck-based Hubble constant H0, provides an infinite number of cosmological models reproducing the Planck-measured cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum, including the one with a cosmological constant. Moreover, this degeneracy biases the comparison of ΛCDM with dynamical DE extensions.
Aims. We present a complementary computational approach, that breaks this degeneracy in the computation of the expansion history of models with a dynamical DE component: the “fixed early densities (EDs)” approach evolves cosmological models from the early Universe to the present, in contrast to the customary “fixed H0” approach, which evolves cosmological models in reverse order. Although there are no equations to determine these EDs from first principles, we find they are accurately approximated by the ΛCDM model.
Methods. We implemented a refined procedure, applying both approaches, in an amended version of the code CLASS, where we focused on representative dynamical DE models using the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization, studying cases with monotonically increasing and decreasing w over cosmic time.
Results. Our results reveal that a dynamical DE model with a decreasing w of the form w(a) = − 0.9 + 0.1(1 − a) could provide a resolution to the Hubble tension problem. Moreover, we find that combining the fixed EDs approach and the customary fixed H0 approach, while requesting to yield consistent results and being in agreement with observations across cosmic time, can serve as a kind of consistency check for cosmological models with a dynamical model of DE. Finally, we argue that implementing our proposed consistency check for cosmological models within current Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods will increase the accuracy of inferred cosmological parameters significantly, in particular for extensions to ΛCDM.
Conclusions. Using our complementary computational scheme, we find characteristic signatures in the late expansion histories of cosmological models, allowing a phenomenological discrimination of DE candidates and a possible resolution to the Hubble tension, by ongoing and future observational programs.
Gastrointestinale Symptome als Ausdruck einer komplizierten Malaria tropica
Authors: Kästner Matthias , Hemmer Christoph Josef , Reisinger Emil Christian 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Eine 42-jährige Patientin stellte sich wegen seit 2 Tagen bestehendem starkem Erbrechen, Durchfall, Fieber und Schüttelfrost vor. Zwei Wochen zuvor war die Patientin von einer Safari aus Tansania zurückgekehrt. Eine Chemoprophylaxe gegen Malaria hatte sie nicht eingenommen.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose Der Nachweis von Plasmodium falciparum führte zur Diagnose einer Malaria tropica. Das Blutbild zeigte eine Thrombozytopenie, die Sonografie eine Splenomegalie. Die Kriterien für eine komplizierte Malaria waren nicht erfüllt.
Therapie und Verlauf Die Patientin erhielt zunächst Atovaquon/Proguanil oral. Die Tabletten wurden nach Einnahme wiederholt erbrochen. Daher wurde die Therapie auf Artesunat i. v. umgestellt und die Patientin wurde auf der Intensivstation überwacht. Innerhalb von 22 Stunden sank die Parasitämie von 2,8 % auf 1,0 %. Die Therapie konnte nach 3 Tagen Artesunat i. v. mit Atovaquon/Proguanil oral zu Ende geführt werden und die Beschwerden klangen ab.
Folgerung Ausgeprägte gastrointestinale Symptome können auf ein drohendes Organversagen hinweisen. Eine an sich unkomplizierte Malaria mit anhaltendem Erbrechen sollte daher – wie die komplizierte Malaria – intravenös behandelt werden, und die Patienten sollten intensiv überwacht werden. Anhaltendes Erbrechen bei Malaria tropica ist als mögliches Kriterium für eine komplizierte Malaria anzusehen.
Was wissen Sie über … Trauma und Angststörungen?
Authors: Schmid Eva C. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryLiebe Leser, testen Sie Ihr Wissen und frischen Sie Ihre Kenntnisse auf. Bitte kreuzen Sie jeweils eine Antwort an. Viel Spaß beim Beantworten wünscht Ihnen HP Eva C. Schmid!
Im Stressmodus
Authors: Schmid Eva C. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryFür Angst- oder Paniksymptome müssen nicht allein psychische Faktoren verantwortlich sein. Auch eine Vielzahl von organischen Erkrankungen kann zu solchen Symptomen führen, was zunächst oft übersehen wird. Wechselwirkungen von körperlichen und psychogenen Ursachen erschweren die Abgrenzung. Umso wichtiger ist es, differenzialdiagnostisch physische Faktoren in Betracht zu ziehen und abzuklären. Am häufigsten treten Ängste im Zusammenhang mit Herz- und Lungenerkrankungen, hormonellen Störungen oder als unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen von Medikamenten auf.
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
Authors: Siddique Anwar 
Published: April 2024

SummaryAshwagandha ist Sanskrit und bedeutet „Pferdegeruch“. Der wissenschaftliche Name dieser Pflanze ist Withania somnifera. Sie gehört zur Familie der Nachtschattengewächse (Solanaceae), wie Kartoffel, Aubergine, Tomate, Bittersüßer Nachtschatten (Solanum dulcamara) und Tollkirsche (Atropa belladonna). Bei uns wird Ashwagandha auch Indischer Ginseng, Schlafbeere oder winter cherry genannt.
Minimalinvasive Anastomosentechniken am Gastrointestinaltrakt
Authors: Soltesz Tim , Müller Dolores Thea , Dieplinger Georg , Fuchs Hans Friedrich 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungAufgrund des zunehmenden Einsatzes der Robotik im Bereich der Chirurgie des Gastrointestinaltraktes bietet dieser Beitrag einen Leitfaden zu unterschiedlichen Anastomosentechniken bei der robotisch assistierten transthorakalen Ivor-Lewis-Ösophagektomie (RAMIE), der robotisch assistierten onkologischen Gastrektomie (RAMIG) sowie der robotischen Hemikolektomie rechts. Es werden die relevanten Operationsschritte dargestellt mit Fokus auf die verschiedenen Rekonstruktionen mittels robotisch assistierter Naht oder Verwendung eines Stapler Devices.Die onkologische Entscheidungsfindung und insbesondere die Wahl der chirurgischen Therapie und das Ausmaß der Resektion hängen immer von der Lokalisation des Tumors, der Histologie und den individuellen Risikofaktoren des Patienten ab. Beim Magenkarzinom im Stadium ≥ IB wird ein multimodales Vorgehen empfohlen, das eine perioperative Chemotherapie in Kombination mit einer chirurgischen Resektion mit kurativer Absicht umfasst. Für Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenen Adenokarzinomen oder Plattenepithelkarzinomen des Ösophagus ist die multimodale Behandlung heute ebenfalls der Goldstandard. Nach Abschluss der neoadjuvanten Vorbehandlung sowie Durchführung eines Re-Stagings erfolgt komplettierend die operative Resektion.Bei dem nicht metastasierten Kolonkarzinom ist eine primäre radikale onkologische Resektion im Sinne eines kurativen Therapiekonzeptes durchzuführen, gefolgt von einer adjuvanten Therapie bei fortgeschrittenem Befund.Dieses Manuskript sowie das begleitende Video erläutern die Rekonstruktionstechnik nach RAMIG sowohl als robotisch genähte Technik mittels V-Lock-3–0-Nähten als auch die Rekonstruktion mittels Linearstapler als alternative Technik. Für die RAMIE wird die Rekonstruktion mittels Zirkularstapler und intrathorakaler Anastomose als Standard gezeigt. Für die robotische Hemikolektomie wird eine Rekonstruktion mittels Linearstapler gezeigt.Verschiedene Möglichkeiten der robotischen Rekonstruktion sowohl nach robotischer Gastrektomie, nach robotischer Hemikolektomie als auch nach robotischer Ösophagektomie beinhalten robotisch genähte Techniken sowie die Anwendung von Stapler Devices. Eine Evidenz zum Vergleich der verschiedenen Techniken, insbesondere in der robotischen Chirurgie im Gastrointestinaltrakt, fehlt bislang, die Methoden zeigen sich in der klinischen Anwendung jedoch sicher durchführbar mit guten postoperativen Ergebnissen. Kommende Studien werden sich einem Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Rekonstruktionsmethoden in der robotischen Chirurgie widmen.
Introduction of an N-Amino Group onto 4-(Tetrazol-5-yl)-5-nitro-1,2,3-triazole: A Strategy for Enhancing the Density and Performance of Energetic Materials
Authors: Huang Haifeng , Yang Jun , Huang Xun , Zhao Pinxu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract2-Amino-5-nitro-4-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,3-triazole (HANTT), its corresponding energetic salts and a dimeric azo compound are successfully synthesized. Compared to 5-nitro-4-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,3-triazole (H2NTT), the neutral N-amino compound HANTT exhibits excellent properties in many aspects, including a higher density (ρ = 1.86 g cm–3), a better detonation performance (D
v = 8931 m s–1, P = 32.2 GPa) and a higher thermal decomposition temperature (T
d = 237 °C). Among the prepared materials, the hydroxylammonium energetic salt exhibits the best detonation performance (D
v = 9096 m s–1, P = 32.8 GPa) and an acceptable mechanical sensitivity (IS = 12 J, FS = 144 N). HANTT, the energetic salts and the azo compound are fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.
An Overview of Surgical Management of Portal Hypertension in Children
Authors: Khalil Mazhar , Hashimoto Koji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPediatric portal hypertension is a relatively rare but a life-threatening problem. With advancements in understanding of portal hypertension physiology and lessons learned from management in adults, medical management is playing an increasing role. However, certain conditions are amenable to surgical management. Key considerations for surgical options are state of liver parenchyma and preservation of liver function. In cases of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, Meso-Rex bypass or shunt can offer a long-term solution. Similarly in select group of patients, selective or central shunts can be considered. With advancement in liver transplantation, there are very few indications for non-transplant surgical procedures for the management of portal hypertension.
Factors Affecting Performance on a Screening Tool in Persons with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Stierwalt Jordan , Stierwalt Julie A.G. , Clark Heather , Burda Angela , Benavidez Kiley Hanna , Collins Erica , Kortemeyer Morgan , Miller Elizabeth , Peckenschneider Grace , Schieltz Elizabeth , Shah Yashvi , Simon Kayleigh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPersons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS) are at risk of developing cognitive impairments and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This study examined the relationship between performance of the ALS-Cognitive Behavioral Screen (ALS-CBS) and the demographic parameters of sex, education, time post–ALS diagnosis, and severity of symptoms. Data were collected retrospectively from 69 participants seen at the Mayo Clinic. Correlations were conducted on the ALS-CBS total scores and subsection scores and the above listed parameters; t-tests were conducted between participant subgroups. No statistically significant relationships or differences occurred between the ALS-CBS or its subsections and the variables measured with exception of age and the attention subsection. Older participants had lower ALS-CBS attention subsection scores. Based on the ALS-CBS scores, most participants had some degree of cognitive impairments: 43 had suspected cognitive impairment, 8 had suspected FTD; 18 fell within the normal range of cognitive function. Overall, the variables of sex, education, time post-diagnosis, and severity of symptoms do not appear to influence ALS-CBS scores. It is recommended cognitive screenings be completed for all PALS due to the high risk for developing cognitive impairments and FTD. Such knowledge can help clinicians develop assessment and treatment plans.
Bridging the gap between criminology and computer vision: A multidisciplinary approach to curb gun violence
Authors: Houser Tyler E. , McMillan Alan , Dong Beidi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGun violence significantly threatens tens of thousands of people annually in the United States. This paper proposes a multidisciplinary approach to address this issue. Specifically, we bridge the gap between criminology and computer vision by exploring the applicability of firearm object detection algorithms to the criminal justice system. By situating firearm object detection algorithms in situational crime prevention, we outline how they could enhance the current use of closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems to mitigate gun violence. We elucidate our approach to training a firearm object detection algorithm and describe why its results are meaningful to scholars beyond the realm of computer vision. Lastly, we discuss limitations associated with object detection algorithms and why they are valuable to criminal justice practices.
Translation, transmission and indigenization of Christianity in nineteenth-century China: south-to-north travel of the disguised San Zi Jing by Medhurst
Authors: Wang Pei , Xu Mingwu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Chinese traditional educational primer San Zi Jing (三字经) was immensely appreciated by Western missionaries, who frequently leveraged it to spur Chinese-language learning or to decipher Chinese thought. Walter Henry Medhurst (1796–1857), affiliated with the London Missionary Society (LMS), translated and reconstructed biblical scriptures into the format and style of the Chinese-language San Zi Jing, henceforth referred to as the “disguised San Zi Jing” in this article. The disguised San Zi Jing was initially published in Batavia in 1823 and reprinted in several locations, occasionally with minor modifications to its content. First, this study examines the complex qualities of the original San Zi Jing, which made it an ideal translation target, and the unique natures of the disguised San Zi Jing, which served as the ultimate translation product. Second, referencing Edward Said’s traveling theory, a diachronic investigation finds that the disguised San Zi Jing traveled in four stages, from Nanyang to Lingnan to Jiangnan and finally across Pan-China (more regions of China). Last, the article examines the indigenization process of the disguised San Zi Jing in space and content over time and analyzes the power dynamics underlying indigenization. The study contributes to translation history studies as well as studies of Christianity in China.
Mapping the landscape of university technology flows in China using patent assignment data
Authors: Ye Lei , Zhang Ting , Cao Xianzhong , Hu Senlin , Zeng Gang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe commercialization of intellectual property has become a fundamental avenue for universities to improve regional competitiveness. However, large-scale empirical studies on patent transfers, reflecting technology and knowledge sharing, remain limited. This study used social network analysis to investigate university technology flows in China based on patent assignments from technological, organizational, and regional perspectives. The results firstly revealed clear stage characteristics in the number of university patent assignments with the improvement of the Chinese version of the Bayh-Dole Act. Secondly, popular technologies in university technology flows mainly concentrated on measurement, testing, digital transmission, and other areas in which enterprises lack international competitive advantage. Thirdly, central actors comprised prestigious universities focusing on science, engineering, and comprehensive disciplines, along with intellectual property-focused enterprises. Finally, university technology flows gradually delocalized, and varied regional patterns exist owing to a spatial mismatch between university knowledge supply and regional demand. These findings have several practical and policy implications for government and university management in terms of promoting emerging technologies and clarifying universities’ functions in regional and national innovation systems. This study contributes to the economic geography literature on regional innovation.
Ultrahigh-reflective optical thin films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering with RF-induced substrate bias
Authors: Chung Tung-Hsun , Zou Xiao-Lu , Zhang Qi-Hang , Wang Meng , Zhu Xian-Qing , Zhang Ming-Xuan , Lin Qian-Cheng , Liao Rong , Cui Xing-Yang , Zhang Jun , Xu Ping , Dai Han-Ning , Chen Yu-Ao , Huo Yong-Heng , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: April 2024

Optical thin films with high-reflectivity (HR) are essential for applications in quantum precision measurements. In this work, we propose a coating technique based on reactive magnetron sputtering with RF-induced substrate bias to fabricate HR-optical thin films. First, atomically flat SiO2 and Ta2O5 layers have been demonstrated due to the assistance of radio-frequency plasma during the coating process. Second, a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror with an HR of ∼99.999 328% centered at 1397 nm has been realized. The DBR structure is air-H{LH}19-substrate, in which the L and H denote a single layer of SiO2 with a thickness of 237.8 nm and a single layer of Ta2O5 with a thickness of 171.6 nm, respectively. This novel coating method would facilitate the development of HR reflectors and promote their wide applications in precision measurements.