bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering responsiveness to cell culture stresses: Growth arrest and DNA damage gene 153 (GADD153) and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in NS0 myeloma cells
Authors: Cudna Renata E. , Dickson Alan J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe successful movement of a newly synthesized protein through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and associated membranous compartments is dependent on appropriate recognition by complex processing systems. Failure to perceive appropriately processed or modified intermediates in the pathway can initiate a series of cellular signaling events (ER stress or unfolded protein response, UPR) that can lead to cell apoptosis and loss of biomass in culture processes. We have shown that expression of growth arrest and DNA damage gene 153 (GADD153) is associated with recognition of damaged or mis‐processed proteins within the secretory processes of CHO and NS0 myeloma cells. To directly characterize the roles of GADD153 in UPR‐directed apoptosis, we have generated stable clones of NS0 myeloma cells with elevated (constitutive and inducible) and deleted GADD153 expression. Although GADD153 is a robust indicator of the onset of ER stress or the UPR, GADD153 expression alone is not sufficient to provoke NS0 myeloma apoptosis and it is not required for apoptosis to occur. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Malachite green‐conjugated microtubules as mobile bioprobes selective for malachite green aptamers with capturing/releasing ability
Authors: Hirabayashi Miki , Taira Shu , Kobayashi Suzuko , Konishi Kaoru , Katoh Kaoru , Hiratsuka Yuichi , Kodaka Masato , Uyeda Taro Q.P. , Yumoto Noboru , Kubo Tai 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe have developed a novel mobile bioprobe using a conjugate of a kinesin‐driven microtubule (MT) and malachite green (MG) as a platform for capturing MG RNA aptamers. The fluorescence of MG increases when it is bound to an MG aptamer, allowing MT–MG conjugates to work as sensors of RNA transcripts containing the MG aptamer sequence. Kinesin motor proteins provide an effective driving force to create mobile bioprobes without any manipulation. Although the fluorescence of a small number of MG‐binding aptamers is low, the self‐organization of tubulins into MTs enables the microscopic observation of the bound aptamers by collecting them on MTs. We demonstrate that MT–MG conjugates can select target aptamers from a transcription mixture and transport them without losing their inherent motility. Because the MG aptamer binds MG in a reversible manner, MT–MG conjugates can conditionally load and unload the target aptamers. This is one advantage of this system over the molecular probes developed previously in which reversible unloading is impossible due to high‐affinity binding, such as between avidin and biotin. Furthermore, an MT–MG conjugate can be used as a platform for other MG aptameric sensors with recognition regions for various target analytes optimized by further selection procedures. This is the first step to applying living systems to in vitro devices. This technique could provide a new paradigm of mobile bioprobes establishing high‐throughput in vitro selection systems using microfluidic devices operating in parallel. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcriptional profiling of apoptotic pathways in batch and fed‐batch CHO cell cultures
Authors: Wong Danny Chee Furng , Wong Kathy Tin Kam , Lee Yih Yean , Morin Peter Nissom , Heng Chew Kiat , Yap Miranda Gek Sim 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cells are regarded as one of the “work‐horses” for complex biotherapeutics production. In these processes, loss in culture viability occurs primarily via apoptosis, a genetically controlled form of cellular suicide. Using our “in‐house” developed CHO cDNA array and a mouse oligonucleotide array for time profile expression analysis of batch and fed‐batch CHO cell cultures, the genetic circuitry that regulates and executes apoptosis induction were examined. During periods of high viability, most pro‐apoptotic genes were down‐regulated but upon loss in viability, several early pro‐apoptotic signaling genes were up‐regulated. At later stages of viability loss, we detected late pro‐apoptotic effector genes such as caspases and DNases being up‐regulated. This sequential regulation of apoptotic genes showed that DNA microarrays could be used as a tool to study apoptosis. We found that in batch and fed‐batch cultures, apoptosis signaling occurred primarily via death receptor‐ and mitochondria‐mediated signaling pathways rather than endoplasmic reticulum‐mediated signaling. These insights provide a greater understanding of the regulatory circuitry of apoptosis during cell culture and allow for subsequent targeting of relevant apoptosis signaling genes to prolong cell culture. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intracellular ATP and total adenylate concentrations are critical predictors of reovirus productivity from Vero cells
Authors: Burgener A. , Coombs K. , Butler M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe productivity of reovirus type‐3 Dearing was studied in cultures of Vero cells in serum‐free media. Viral productivity was dependent upon the metabolic state of the cells rather than the phase of growth at which the cells were infected. Cells at different energy states were established by 24‐h incubation in nutrient‐depleted media. This resulted in variable intracellular nucleotide concentrations but high cellular viability was maintained. Of the nucleotides analyzed at the time of infection only the intracellular [ATP] and total adenylate nucleotides were positively correlated with viral productivity. The correlated data followed a sigmoidal plot with an equation defined by polynomial regression analysis. Apparent threshold values of 3.2 fmol/cell and 3.3 fmol/cell were established for ATP and total adenylate, respectively, at which the viral production was 50% the maximal value. Cultures with lower ATP and total adenylate levels at the time of infection resulted in as much as a 95% reduction in overall viral titer compared to the control. The adenylate energy charge (AEC) showed a negative correlation with viral production with an AEC value >0.97 resulting in low virus productivity. Intracellular ATP or total adenylate concentration at the point of infection may be used as a predictor of viral yield in bioprocesses designed for virus/vaccine production. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strategy for selection of methods for separation of bioparticles from particle mixtures
Authors: van Hee P. , Hoeben M.A. , van der Lans R.G.J.M. , van der Wielen L.A.M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe desired product of bioprocesses is often produced in particulate form, either as an inclusion body (IB) or as a crystal. Particle harvesting is then a crucial and attractive form of product recovery. Because the liquid phase often contains other bioparticles, such as cell debris, whole cells, particulate biocatalysts or particulate by‐products, the recovery of product particles is a complex process. In most cases, the particulate product is purified using selective solubilization or extraction. However, if selective particle recovery is possible, the already high purity of the particles makes this downstream process more favorable. This work gives an overview of typical bioparticle mixtures that are encountered in industrial biotechnology and the various driving forces that may be used for particle–particle separation, such as the centrifugal force, the magnetic force, the electric force, and forces related to interfaces. By coupling these driving forces to the resisting forces, the limitations of using these driving forces with respect to particle size are calculated. It shows that centrifugation is not a general solution for particle–particle separation in biotechnology because the particle sizes of product and contaminating particles are often very small, thus, causing their settling velocities to be too low for efficient separation by centrifugation. Examples of such separation problems are the recovery of IBs or virus‐like particles (VLPs) from (microbial) cell debris. In these cases, separation processes that use electrical forces or fluid–fluid interfaces show to have a large potential for particle–particle separation. These methods are not yet commonly applied for large‐scale particle–particle separation in biotechnology and more research is required on the separation techniques and on particle characterization to facilitate successful application of these methods in industry. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Warum gibt es in der Natur keine Räder? Nur scheinbar ein Paradox
Authors: Meyer Veronika R. , Halbeisen Marcel 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRäder konnten in der Natur nicht entwickelt werden, weil biologische Gewebe auf die ständige Zufuhr von Nährstoffen und die Abfuhr von Abfällen angewiesen sind. Dadurch wird die kontinuierliche “Reparatur” und folglich eine lange Lebensdauer von Lebewesen ermöglicht. Ein Rad auf einer Achse kann nicht mit einem Transportsystem zu einem Lebewesen verbunden werden, vor allem nicht mit einem Blutkreislauf und mit dem Herzen. Für die Fortbewegung in der Natur sind Räder zudem in den allermeisten Ökosystemen gar nicht brauchbar, es sei denn, die Natur hätte auch noch Straßen ohne Unebenheiten und ohne große Steigungen erfunden.
Die Prinzipien der pflanzlichen Wasserleitung. Nach oben gezogen
Authors: Roth‐Nebelsick Anita 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDas Holz ist in der Lage, Wasser unter Zugspannung nach oben zu befördern. Da sich in diesem Zustand Embolien einstellen können, die die leitenden Elemente funktionsunfähig machen, muss die Pflanze entsprechende “Vorkehrungen” treffen. Von wesentlicher Bedeutung sind in diesem Zusammenhang die Wurzelpassage des Wassers und die mikroskopische Struktur der Holzzellen, insbesondere die Gestaltung der Tüpfel. Im Laufe der Evolution haben sich unterschiedliche Holzzelltypen entwickelt, die das Holz einer Pflanzenart je nach Umweltbedingungen optimieren. In Bezug auf die Funktion bestimmter Strukturparameter, wie beispielsweise Weite und Länge von Gefäßen, hat man bereits klare Vorstellungen. Der Selektionswert vieler Feinstrukturen des Holzes ist hingegen noch unklar. Mit seinen faszinierenden biophysikalischen Eigenschaften stellt Holz nicht nur unter dem Aspekt seiner Biomechanik, sondern auch aufgrund seiner Fähigkeit zur Wasserleitung eine für die Bionik interessante biologische Struktur dar.
Ökologie von Stauseen. Lebensräume, Organismen, Raum‐Zeit‐Strukturen
Authors: Uhlmann Dietrich , Horn Wolfgang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractStauseen sind, obwohl sie künstlich geschaffen wurden, weit mehr als nur halbe Seen. Hinsichtlich ihrer Naturausstattung sind sie Seen nur in Teilen unterlegen. So fehlen aufgrund der häufigen großen Stauspiegelschwankungen die Lebensräume der Uferregion weitgehend. Trotzdem bieten Stauseen eine Fülle von Lebensräumen und besitzen eine große Artenvielfalt. Eigenheiten bestehen auch hinsichtlich des Wasser‐ und Stoffhaushaltes, denn Zuflussmengen und Wasseraustausch sind deutlich größer – mit Vor‐ und Nachteilen: negative Veränderungen im Einzugsgebiet wirken sich schneller auf das Gewässer aus, können aber auch rascher und einfacher “repariert” werden. Die hypolimnische Wasserabgabe ist ein spezieller Vorzug, denn so wird sauerstoffarmes und nährstoffreiches Wasser abgeleitet. Die Barrierewirkung der Stauanlagen hat primär Konsequenzen für die wandernden Organismen. Aber auch die “stationären” Fließgewässerbewohner des nahen Unterlaufes werden neuen Bedingungen ausgesetzt. Große Stauanlagen können sich zudem merklich auf nachfolgende Lebensräume (Auen, Mündungsgebiete) auswirken.
Muschelkrebse als Zeugen der Vergangenheit. Zwischen Biologie, Paläontologie und Umweltforschung
Authors: Frenzel Peter , Matzke‐Karasz Renate , Viehberg Finn A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOstrakoden sind in aquatischen Habitaten häufig und weit verbreitet. Ihre fossilen Klappen können, wenn sie aus Sedimenten geborgen und untersucht werden, als Archive der Erdgeschichte dienen. Im Quartär werden sie erfolgreich für die Paläomilieuanalyse in der Paläolimnologie, ‐ozeanografie und –klimatologie verwendet. Auch in der Umweltgeologie lassen sie sich für historische und andere Fragestellungen einsetzen.
Brutpflege bei Kalmaren
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDer Kopffüßer Gonatus onyx mit einer Mantellänge von circa 15 Zentimetern ist einer der häufigsten Kalmare im Pazifik und atlantischen Ozean. Ein Grund für den Erfolg der Art könnte sein, dass die Weibchen Brutpflege betreiben – obwohl dies so gar nicht zum Lebenszyklus der Kalmare passt.
Geografische Verteilung der Hautfarbe
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDie Unterschiede in der Hautfarbe sind die offensichtlichsten geografischen Variationen beim Menschen. Die Bewohner am Äquator sind meist dunkler als die der Polarregionen und so vor intensiver Sonneneinstrahlung geschützt. Die Hautpigmentierung wurde zunächst vor allem als Schutz vor Hautkrebs angesehen, obwohl dieser im Allgemeinen erst nach dem reproduktiven Alter auftritt. Nach einer alternativen Hypothese ist die Hautfarbe ein Kompromiss: Sie ist hell genug für die Vitamin‐D‐Synthese, aber dunkel genug, um eine Photolyse von Vitamin B zu verhindern. Durch Migration leben heute nicht alle Menschen in einer Umgebung, an deren UV‐Strahlung sie angepasst sind, einige erhalten mehr, andere weniger Sonne als für ihre Hautfarbe angemessen ist.
npcRNAs: Mehr als nur Überbleibsel einer vergessenen RNA‐Welt
Authors: Brosius Jürgen 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahren rückte eine Gruppe von Molekülen ins Rampenlicht, die zuvor – im Vergleich zur DNA und den Proteinen – weitgehend vernachlässigt wurde: die so genannten nicht‐proteincodierenden RNAs, also RNA‐Moleküle, die keine Bauanleitung für Proteine enthalten (engl.: “non‐protein‐coding RNA”, abgekürzt npcRNA).
Flexibler Hämtransporter für die Eisenresorption
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette 
Published: March 2006

AbstractEisen wird mitsamt seinem Funktionspartner, der Häm‐Gruppe, aus der Nahrung resorbiert. Jetzt wurde im Dünndarm ein Häm‐Transportprotein identifiziert, dessen Effizienz an den wechselnden Eisenbedarf des Organismus angepasst wird. Dieser Hämtransporter der Wirbeltiere zeigt Verwandtschaft mit einem bakteriellen Tetracyclintransporter.
Estimates of long‐term survival for newly diagnosed cancer patients
Authors: Mariotto Angela B. , Wesley Margaret N. , Cronin Kathleen A. , Johnson Karen A. , Feuer Eric J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with newly diagnosed cancer may request an estimate of their prospects for long‐term survival. Unfortunately, standard estimates of survival may be outdated, because they do not reflect recent advances. The authors present a projection method that incorporates trends in survival and provides more up‐to‐date estimates of long‐term survival for newly diagnosed patients.METHODSThe projection method fits a regression model to interval relative survival and includes a parameter associated with a trend on diagnosis year. The cumulative relative survival rate (CRS) in a target year is calculated by multiplying the projected interval survival rates for that year. To investigate the predictive ability of the projection approach and to develop model‐selection rules, data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the Connecticut tumor registry were used to recreate data that were available at a particular time in the past, and those data were used to project survival for specified target years.RESULTSThe projection method was better at predicting the survival of recently diagnosed patients than current methods, especially long‐term survival for patients who had disease sites with an increasing and stable trend in survival. The authors predicted that the 15‐year CRS for patients who were diagnosed in 2003 will be 61% for all cancer sites combined, 57% for colorectal cancer, 82% for female breast cancer, 53% for ovarian cancer, and 97% for prostate cancer.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the projection method was more speculative than other methods that are aligned more closely with current observed data, it offered the possibility of providing improved estimates of long‐term survival for recently diagnosed patients. Caution should be used when applying these methods for cancer sites where there has been a dramatic uptake of screening, e.g., prostate cancer, for which the projected results may be overly optimistic. Cancer 2006. Published 2006 by the American Cancer Society.
Nonsmall cell lung cancer presenting with synchronous solitary brain metastasis
Authors: Hu Chaosu , Chang Eric L. , Hassenbusch Samuel J. , Allen Pamela K. , Woo Shiao Y. , Mahajan Anita , Komaki Ritsuko , Liao Zhongxing 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDSolitary brain metastases occur in about 50% of patients with brain metastases from nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The standard of care is surgical resection of solitary brain metastases, or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) plus whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). However, the optimal treatment for the primary site of newly diagnosed NSCLC with a solitary brain metastasis is not well defined. The goal was to distinguish which patients might benefit from aggressive treatment of their lung primary in patients whose solitary brain metastasis was treated with surgery or SRS.METHODSThe cases of 84 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients presenting with a solitary brain metastasis and treated from December 1993 through June 2004 were retrospectively reviewed at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. All patients had undergone either craniotomy (n = 53) or SRS (n = 31) for management of the solitary brain metastasis. Forty‐four patients received treatment of their primary lung cancer using thoracic radiation therapy (median dose 45 Gy; n = 8), chemotherapy (n = 23), or both (n = 13).RESULTSThe median Karnofsky performance status score was 80 (range, 60‐100). Excluding the presence of the brain metastasis, 12 patients had AJCC Stage I primary cancer, 27 had Stage II disease, and 45 had Stage III disease. The median follow‐up was 9.7 months (range, 1‐86 months). The 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival rates from time of lung cancer diagnosis were 49.8%, 16.3%, 12.7%, and 7.6%, respectively. The median survival times for patients by thoracic stage (I, II, and III) were 25.6, 9.5, and 9.9 months, respectively (P = .006).CONCLUSIONSBy applying American Joint Committee on Cancer staging to only the primary site, the thoracic Stage I patients in our study with solitary brain metastases had a more favorable outcome than would be expected and was comparable to Stage I NSCLC without brain metastases. Aggressive treatment to the lung may be justified for newly diagnosed thoracic Stage I NSCLC patients with a solitary brain metastasis, but not for locally advanced NSCLC patients with a solitary brain metastasis. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Breast cancer incidence after the introduction of mammography screening
Authors: Svendsen Anne Louise , Olsen Anne Helene , von Euler‐Chelpin My , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDA prevalence peak is expected in breast cancer incidence when mammography screening begins, but afterward the incidence still may be elevated compared with prescreening levels. It is important to determine whether this is due to overdiagnosis (ie, the detection of asymptomatic disease that would otherwise not have arisen clinically). In the current study, the authors examined breast cancer incidence after the introduction of mammography screening in Denmark.METHODSDenmark has 2 regional screening programs targeting women ages 50 years to 69 years. The programs were initiated in 1991 and 1993, respectively. No screening takes place in the 13 other Danish regions. Data regarding incident breast cancers detected between 1979 and 2001 were retrieved from the Danish Cancer Registry for each screening region and for the rest of Denmark, and time trends in rates for women ages 50 years to 69 years were compared. From 1 program, individual screening data were used to analyze breast cancer incidence in women who were never screened, those who were screened for the first time, or those who previously were screened.RESULTSThe incidence of breast cancer was found to have increased regardless of screening. In the screening regions, a marked prevalence peak was observed, and the incidence hereafter was compatible with the level indicated by the 95% confidence limits for the regression curves for the rates in the prescreening period, taking into account the artificial ageing in the program, the influx of newcomers, and variations in the data. Women who had undergone previous screening were found to have the same incidence of breast cancer as women who were never screened.CONCLUSIONSThe data from the current study do not provide evidence of overdiagnosis of invasive breast cancer in the 2 Danish screening programs or, if overdiagnosis was found to occur, it was only of limited magnitude. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Guidelines and selection criteria for secondary cytoreductive surgery in patients with recurrent, platinum‐sensitive epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Chi Dennis S. , McCaughty Kristina , Diaz John P. , Huh Jae , Schwabenbauer Sarah , Hummer Amanda J. , Venkatraman Ennapadam S. , Aghajanian Carol , Sonoda Yukio , Abu‐Rustum Nadeem R. , Barakat Richard R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe benefit of cytoreductive surgery for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer has not been defined clearly. The objective of this study was to identify prognostic factors for survival in patients who underwent secondary cytoreduction for recurrent, platinum‐sensitive epithelial ovarian cancer and to establish generally applicable guidelines and selection criteria.METHODSThe authors reviewed all patients who underwent secondary cytoreduction for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer from 1987 to 2001. Potential prognostic factors were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTSIn total, 157 patients underwent secondary cytoreduction, and 153 of those patients were evaluable. After secondary cytoreduction, the median follow‐up was 36.9 months (range, 0.2‐125.6 months), and the median survival was 41.7 months (95% confidence interval, 36.0‐47.2 months). For patients who had a disease‐free interval prior to recurrence of between 6 months and 12 months, the median survival was 30 months compared with 39 months for patients who had a disease‐free interval between 13 months and 30 months and 51 months for patients who had a disease‐free interval >30 months (P= .005). For patients who had a single site of recurrence, the median survival was 60 months compared with 42 months for patients who had multiple sites of recurrence and 28 months for patients who had carcinomatosis (P<.001). The median survival for patients who had residual disease that measured ≤0.5 cm was 56 months compared with 27 months for patients who had residual disease that measured >0.5 cm (P<.001). On multivariate analysis, disease‐free interval (P= .004), the number of recurrence sites (P= .01), and residual disease (P<.001) were significant prognostic factors.CONCLUSIONSIn the authors' analysis of secondary cytoreduction for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, a significant survival benefit was demonstrated for residual disease that measured ≤ 0.5 cm. The disease‐free interval and the number of recurrence sites should be used as selection criteria for offering secondary cytoreduction. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.