bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized comparison of operator radiation exposure during coronary angiography and intervention by radial or femoral approach
Authors: Lange Helmut W. , von Boetticher Heiner 
Published: December 2005

AbstractControversial data have been published on the amount of radiation exposure during radial coronary procedures. We hypothesized that in the current era, high‐volume operators with optimal technique would not be exposed to higher radiation doses during radial procedures. A total of 297 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization (195 elective diagnostic coronary angiograms and 102 elective coronary interventions) were prospectively assigned in a random fashion to the radial access (RA) or femoral access (FA). All procedures were performed by the same operator with vast experience in radial procedures and standard measures for radiation protection were used. Operator radiation exposure was measured with an electronic radiation dosimeter attached to the breast pocket of the operator on the outside of the lead apron and estimates of the ambient dose equivalent were derived. For coronary angiograms, fluoroscopy time (2.8 ± 2.1 vs. 1.7 ± 1.4 min; P < 0.001) and dose‐area product (15.1 ± 8.4 vs. 13.1 ± 8.5 Gy·cm2; P < 0.05) were increased by 18% and 15%, respectively, for RA vs. FA. Operator radiation exposure was 100% higher for the RA compared to the FA (64 ± 55 vs. 32 ± 39 μSv; P < 0.001). For coronary interventions, fluoroscopy time (11.4 ± 8.4 vs. 10.4 ± 6.8 min; P = NS) and dose‐area product (46.3 ± 28.7 vs. 51.0 ± 29.4 Gy·cm2; P = NS) for RA and FA were not statistically different. However, operator radiation exposure was increased by 51% for the RA compared to the FA (166 ± 188 vs. 110 ± 115 μSv; P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that the radial approach is burdened with a 100% increase in operator radiation exposure during diagnostic coronary catheterization procedures and a 50% increase during coronary interventions, provided that no special devices for radiation protection are used. Measurements of radiation dose, such as fluoroscopy time and dose‐area product, substantially underestimate the disproportionate rise in radiation exposure. Special precautions are warranted to improve radiation protection during invasive coronary procedures via the radial approach. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐TUD‐1: A Ketone‐Selective Catalyst for Cyclohexane Oxidation
Authors: Hamdy Mohamed S. , Ramanathan Anand , Maschmeyer Thomas , Hanefeld Ulf , Jansen Jacobus C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCobalt‐containing mesoporous TUD‐1 with different Si/Co ratios (100, 50, 20, and 10) was synthesized by the direct hydrothermal treatment method (DHT) using triethanolamine (TEA) as a template. The prepared samples (denoted as Co‐TUD‐1) were characterized by XRD, UV/Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, N2 sorption measurements, 29Si magic‐angle spinning (MAS)‐NMR, Raman spectroscopy, and HRTEM. The catalytic performance of Co‐TUD‐1 samples was tested in the liquid‐phase oxidation of cyclohexane with tert‐butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant under solventless conditions. Higher catalytic efficiency was observed in samples with low Co‐loading and thus, most likely isolated CoII active sites, than in samples with high Co‐loading and nanoparticles or bulk Co3O4 embedded in the TUD‐1 silica.
How Fast Do RX Bonds Ionize? A Semiquantitative Approach
Authors: Denegri Bernard , Ofial Armin R. , Jurić Sandra , Streiter André , Kronja Olga , Mayr Herbert 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe correlation equation log k25 °C = sf(Nf + Ef), where sf and Nf are nucleofuge‐specific parameters referring to leaving group/solvent combinations and Ef are electrofuge‐specific parameters referring to the incipient carbocation R+, are used to predict ionization rate constants of alkyl derivatives RX. We show how to employ the Ef parameters of reference electrofuges and the sf and Nf parameters of reference nucleofuges reported in the preceding article for determining further sf, Nf, and Ef parameters. Since sf is usually close to 1.0, one comes to the semiquantitative rule that at 25 °C, compounds RX for which Nf + Ef>−2 will solvolyze with half‐lives of less than a minute, while the solvolysis half‐lives will exceed 1 month if Nf + Ef<−6.5.
Adapting clinical trials networks to promote cancer prevention and control research
Authors: Weiner Bryan J. , McKinney Martha M. , Carpenter William R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDSince 1987, cancer centers and clinical cooperative groups serving as ‘research bases’ for the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) have been required to design and conduct cancer prevention and control (CP/C) clinical trials in addition to therapeutic trials. The study describes the structural and strategic adaptations that CCOP research bases have made to incorporate CP/C research into their scientific agendas and operations.METHODSApproaches to CP/C research in four cooperative groups with different scientific agendas were investigated: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, the North Central Cancer Treatment Group, and the Southwest Oncology Group. Sixty‐five individual interviews with group leaders and investigators were conducted. Data were coded and thematically analyzed from transcribed interviews, observations of scientific sessions, and secondary documents.RESULTSThe cooperative groups have tailored CP/C research programs to fit the interests, skills, and practice settings of their investigators without making significant adaptations in administrative and statistical infrastructures. Ongoing challenges include finding ways to broaden the pool of investigators designing CP/C protocols, involve more nononcologists in protocol design, and secure more stable and adequate funding for CP/C research.CONCLUSIONThe cooperative groups' experiences with CP/C research suggest that, with adequate resource investments, existing clinical research networks can expand into new areas of scientific investigation. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The Photochemistry of Lipoic Acid: Photoionization and Observation of a Triplet Excited State of a Disulfide
Authors: Bucher Götz , Lu Changyuan , Sander Wolfram 
Published: December 2005

AbstractUnder short‐wavelength UV irradiation, lipoic acid (LipSS) and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), undergo photoionization processes through a bi‐ or monophotonic pathway. After ionization, the LipSS radical cation (LipSS.+) and radical anion (LipSS.−) are generated. LipSS.− can be converted to equimolar amounts of LipSS and DHLA through second‐order decay. Triplet acetone can be quenched by LipSS and DHLA with a rate close to the diffusion‐controlled limit. The mechanism was further confirmed by continuous irradiation experiments. When LipSS is directly irradiated with UVA light, the first excited triplet state of LipSS is observed, with a lifetime τ=75 ns. Characteristic reactions include triplet energy transfer to oxygen and β‐carotene and addition to isoprene. The lifetime of triplet LipSS is also shortened by addition of water and methanol.
Comparison of Stochastic Optimization Methods for All‐Atom Folding of the Trp‐Cage Protein
Authors: Schug Alexander , Herges Thomas , Verma Abhinav , Lee Kyu Hwan , Wenzel Wolfgang 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe performances of three different stochastic optimization methods for all‐atom protein structure prediction are investigated and compared. We use the recently developed all‐atom free‐energy force field (PFF01), which was demonstrated to correctly predict the native conformation of several proteins as the global optimum of the free energy surface. The trp‐cage protein (PDB‐code 1L2Y) is folded with the stochastic tunneling method, a modified parallel tempering method, and the basin‐hopping technique. All the methods correctly identify the native conformation, and their relative efficiency is discussed.
Spectroscopic Properties in the Liquid Phase: Combining High‐Level Ab Initio Calculations and Classical Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Pavone Michele , Brancato Giuseppe , Morelli Giovanni , Barone Vincenzo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe present an integrated computational tool, rooted in density functional theory, the polarizable continuum model, and classical molecular dynamics employing spherical boundary conditions, to study the spectroscopic observables of molecules in solution. As a test case, a modified OPLS‐AA force field has been developed and used to compute the UV and NMR spectra of acetone in aqueous solution. The results show that provided the classical force fields are carefully reparameterized and validated, the proposed approach is robust and effective, and can also be used by nonspecialists to provide a general and powerful complement to experimental techniques.
How glucocorticoids control their own strength and the balance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediators.
Authors: Van Molle Wim , Libert Claude 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe very powerful anti‐inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids (GC) have enabled researchers to use them to treat a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The potential of GC lies in their ability to inhibit the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and mediators by gene repression as well as by gene induction. Paradoxically, GC seem to control their own strength by inducing the pro‐inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which negatively regulates the anti‐inflammatory capacities of GC. The mechanism by which MIF inhibits the actions of GC is addressed by Roger et al. in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology. They report that MIF inhibits GC‐induction of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase‐1 (MKP‐1), a phosphatase that inhibits the activation of pro‐inflammatory MAPK. We comment here on their findings and place their work in the broader context of the physiological role of MIF and the potential therapeutic targeting of glucocorticoid resistance.See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200535413
Willingness to pay for reductions in health risks when probabilities are distorted
Authors: Bleichrodt Han , Eeckhoudt Louis 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe study the willingness to pay for reductions in health risks when people do not evaluate probabilities linearly, as is commonly assumed in elicitations of willingness to pay, but weight probabilities, as is commonly observed in empirical studies of decision under risk. We show that for the levels of baseline risk typically considered, probability weighting strongly affects willingness to pay estimates and may lead to unstable monetary valuations of health. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of light‐cure time of adhesive resin on the thickness of the oxygen‐inhibited layer and the microtensile bond strength to dentin
Authors: Kim Jong‐Soon , Choi Yong‐Hoon , Cho Byeong‐Hoon , Son Ho‐Hyun , Lee In‐Bog , Um Chung‐Moon , Kim Chang‐Keun 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA thick oxygen‐inhibited layer (OIL) on a cured adhesive layer (AL) is believed to result in both good adaptation of composite resin (CR) and high bond strength. A high degree of conversion (DC) of the AL is also needed for durable bonding. This study evaluated the hypothesis that increasing the DC by prolonging the light‐curing time of adhesive bonding resin might decrease the bond strength of the adhesive to dentin because of the subsequent thinning of the OIL thickness. The OIL thickness and the DC of solvent‐removed One Step and D/E bonding resin of All Bond 2 (Bisco, USA) were measured simultaneously with FT‐NIR spectroscopy according to increasing light‐cure times (10, 20, 30, and 60 s) so as to evaluate their effect on the microtensile bond strength. The bonded interfaces were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Excessive irradiation of light‐curing adhesives increased the DC, but decreased the OIL thickness. When the OIL was significantly thin by curing the adhesives for 30 or 60 s, defects were observed at the interface between the AL and the CR, as well as at the interface between the AL and the hybrid layer. When the OIL was thick, free radicals from the overlying CR may have diffused into the unreacted monomer mixtures of the OIL, chemically connecting the cured AL and the newly curing composite. It was found that to obtain maximum dentin bond strength, light‐curing adhesives should be cured for the irradiation time recommended by the manufacturer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Three‐dimensional direct writing of B35 neuronal cells
Authors: Patz T. M. , Doraiswamy A. , Narayan R. J. , He W. , Zhong Y. , Bellamkonda R. , Modi R. , Chrisey D. B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have demonstrated two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional transfer of B35 neuronal cells onto and within polymerized Matrigel® substrates, using matrix‐assisted pulsed laser evaporation‐direct write (MDW). The B35 cells were transferred from a quartz ribbon to depths of up to 75 μm by systematically varying the fluence emitted from the ArF (λ = 193 nm) laser source. MDW‐transferred cells were examined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin‐dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI), and α‐tubulin staining. Confocal microscopy has shown that the transferred B35 cells extended their axons outward in three dimensions within the polymerized Matrigel substrate. The B35 cells made axonal connections and formed a three‐dimensional neural network within 72 h after MDW transfer. In addition, TUNEL staining demonstrated that only 3% of the B35 cells underwent apoptosis after being transferred using the MDW process. MDW and other emergent direct write processes may provide unique approaches for creating layered, heterogeneous, three‐dimensional cell‐seeded scaffolds for use in peripheral nerve repair. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Effect of impact assembly on the fretting corrosion of modular hip tapers
Authors: Mroczkowski Matthew L. , Hertzler Justin S. , Humphrey Steven M. , Johnson Todd , Blanchard Cheryl R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe goal of this study was to determine the effect of assembly load and local assembly environmental conditions on the fretting corrosion of modular femoral stem tapers. Femoral head/taper assemblies in both similar (CoCrMo/CoCrMo) and mixed (CoCrMo/Ti‐6Al‐4V) alloy combinations were evaluated using an electrochemical test method. Specimens were assembled under impact loading and by hand, in both wet and dry conditions. Incremental cyclic loads ranging from 89 to 5,340 N were applied at a frequency of 3 Hz in Ringer's solution at ambient temperature. During the test, both the open circuit potential (OCP) and fretting current (ifret) were measured using a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) and counter electrode, respectively. The results were comparable for both mixed and similar alloy couples. Decreases in OCP and increases in ifret (indicators of oxide film fracture and repassivation) were seen with increasing load magnitude, often occurring at loads well below those expected clinically. OCP at the 5,340 N cyclic load ranged from −30.4 to −103.7 mV versus SCE for similar alloy couples, and −19.1 to −181.4 mV versus SCE for mixed alloy couples. Mean peak fretting currents ranged from 0.84 to 1.42 µA and 1.06 to 3.12 µA for similar and mixed alloy couples, respectively. The larger current magnitudes and more negative shifts in OCP for mixed alloy couples indicate the difference in oxide film fracture behavior between titanium and cobalt alloys. The load at which OCP began to drop (onset of fretting) was dependent upon the assembly conditions for both material couples. Specimens assembled with impact loads in air showed the highest resistance to fretting. The results of this study indicate that the assembly load and the environment both play a role in the initial stability of modular hip taper connections. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Monitoring of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity in mononuclear cells of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Enzymological and clinical aspects
Authors: Brouwer Connie , Vermunt‐de Koning Diana G.M. , Trueworthy Robert C. , ter Riet Patricia G.J.H. , Duley John A. , Trijbels Frans J.M. , Hoogerbrugge Peter M. , Bökkerink Jos P.M. , van Wering Elisabeth R. , De Abreu Ronney A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundInosine 5′‐monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH; EC1.1.1.205) catalyzes the rate‐limiting step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, and may play an important role in treatment of patients with antipurines.MethodsWe used an HPLC method to measure the IMPDH activity in peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNC). IMPDH activities were determined in children who were diagnosed with and treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and in a group of control children.ResultsThe median IMPDH activity for control children was 350 pmol/106 pMNC/hr (range 97–896; n = 47). No gender or age differences were observed. IMPDH activity at diagnosis of ALL was correlated with the percentage of peripheral blood lymphoblasts (r = 0.474; P < 0.001; n = 71). The median IMPDH activity at diagnosis was 410 pmol/106 pMNC/hr (range 40–2009; n = 76), significantly higher than for controls (P = 0.012). IMPDH activity significantly decreased after induction treatment, and during treatment with methotrexate (MTX) infusions (median 174 pmol/106 pMNC/hr; range 52–516; n = 21). The activity remained low during maintenance treatment with 6‐mercaptopurine (6MP) and MTX, at a significantly lower level than for controls (P < 0.004). One year after cessation of treatment IMPDH activity returned to normal values.ConclusionThe decrease of IMPDH activity at remission of ALL seems to be at least partly due to the eradication of lymphoblasts with the type 2 isoform of the enzyme. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006, 46:434–438. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prevention and treatment of bacterial infections in children with asplenia or hyposplenia: Practice considerations at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
Authors: Price Victoria E. , Dutta Sanjeev , Blanchette Victor S. , Butchart Sheila , Kirby Melanie , Langer Jacob C. , Ford‐Jones E. Lee 
Published: December 2005

AbstractChildren born without a spleen or who have impaired splenic function, due to disease or splenectomy, are at significantly increased risk of life‐threatening bacterial sepsis. The mainstays of prevention are education, immunization, and prophylactic antibiotics. The availability of conjugate 7‐valent pneumococcal vaccines for use in children to age 9 years at least, as well as conjugate meningococcal C vaccine in some countries, for use beginning in infancy, appear to represent beneficial additions, but not substitutions, to previous recommendations for the use of polysaccharide 23‐valent pneumococcal and quadrivalent A, C, Y, W‐135 vaccines. Routine immunization against H. influenzae type b should continue with non‐immunized children older than age 5 years receiving two doses 2 months apart, similar to children who have not previously received conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in infancy. Annual influenza immunization, which reduces the risk of secondary bacterial infection, is also recommended for asplenic children and their household contacts. Many experts continue prophylaxis indefinitely although prophylaxis of the penicillin allergic child remains suboptimal. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human herpesvirus 6 infection and transient acquired myelodysplasia in children
Authors: Kagialis‐Girard Sandrine , Durand Brigitte , Mialou Valérie , Pagès Marie‐Pierre , Galambrun Claire , Bertrand Yves , Negrier Claude 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundTo demonstrate that primary human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) infection in childhood can cause hematopoietic dysplasia that mimics a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in severe cases.ProcedureSeven immunocompetent children, who presented at admission with concomitant cytopenias in blood and morphologic features of dysplasia in bone marrow, were evaluated. Diagnosis of acute HHV‐6 infection was secondary made by detection of HHV‐6 DNA in plasma, bone marrow, or cerebrospinal fluid and measurement of plasma antibody titers. Peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate smears were examined at diagnosis and during follow‐up. Morphologic recognition of myelodysplasia was made according to the recommendations of the Third MIC Cooperative Group.ResultsAnemia was the most frequent cytopenia (five of seven cases). Bi‐ or tri‐lineage dysplasia was observed in the marrow samples. Granulocytic and erythroid cells were always affected with dysgranulopoiesis and dyserythropoiesis scores equal to or higher than 3. Myelodysplasia was not due to a clonal disorder and disappeared gradually within 1 or 2 months.ConclusionsOur results indicate that severe HHV‐6 infection may induce reversible myelodysplastic changes. These findings contribute to elucidate the pathogenicity of HHV‐6 and furthermore suggest that HHV‐6 infection must also be considered as a cause of dysplasia in the differential diagnosis of MDS. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006; 47:543–548. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The perfect storm: Torsades de Pointes in a child with leukemia
Authors: Bagatell Rochelle , Hainstock Michael , Lowe Merlin C. , Barber Brent J. , Samson Ricardo A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTorsades de Pointes (TdP) is a life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmia that can be associated with metabolic abnormalities, exposure to arrhythmogenic medications, and congenital long‐QT syndrome. This report describes a patient with ALL and multiple complications of therapy who developed TdP. The patient had no evidence of congenital long‐QT syndrome, but a constellation of factors appears to have led to QT prolongation, ventricular ectopy, and TdP. Although the patient suffered cardiac arrest, rapid recognition of TdP and prompt defibrillation resulted in an excellent outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:996–999. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study on the Relationship between Particle Size and Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopic Data
Authors: Szalay Annamária , Antal István , Zsigmond Zsolt , Marton Sylvia , Erős István , Regdon Géza , Pintye‐Hódi Klára 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSince the particle size distribution is a critical parameter of pharmaceutical excipients used for tablet manufacturing by direct compression, the mean particle size of sieved sorbitol powder was studied by near‐infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRDRS).The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the particle size (reciprocally proportional to the bulk density) on the reflectance spectrum. The effects of the particle characteristics on the spectral changes were described on the basis of the Kubelka‐Munk theory taking the scattering into consideration. A smaller particle size fraction was associated with a lower spectral value, and at the characteristic wavelength of 1584 nm a linear relationship was established for the particle size range from 125 to 670 μm. The diffuse reflectance measurement was sensitive to the particle characteristics, which offers a fast, non‐destructive alternative test method that can be applied after detailed calibration.