bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The EMITT Study: Development and Evaluation of a Medication Information Transfer Tool
Authors: Cesta Annemarie , Bajcar Jana M , Ong Stephanie W , Fernandes Olavo A 
Published: May 2006

Background: Continuity of care is required as patients move from the care of one pharmacist to another. The appropriate transfer of medication information between pharmacists as well as to patients at these times is essential in order to prevent drug-related problems (DRPs). Objective: To develop a tool to transfer medication information between various pharmacists caring for the same patients. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the tool based on utility in practice and satisfaction of pharmacists. Methods: The project consisted of a needs assessment involving in-depth interviews with patients and pharmacists and a literature review. These data were used to develop an optimal tool for medication information transfer between pharmacists in different practice settings. The tool was evaluated in a feasibility pilot for potential utility and pharmacist satisfaction. Results: The tool created called EMITT (electronic medication information transfer tool) facilitates the communication of information to outpatient pharmacists including a letter and an up-to-date list of the patient's drugs. A total of 187 medication issues were communicated within 40 transferred letters, 61 of which required active follow-up, which potentially prevented 348 DRPs if the receiver of the information acted on the information that was provided. The 3 most common issues that required follow-up were restarting a held medication (n = 13), adjustment of doses based on laboratory results (n = 11), and starting a new indicated medication in the future (n = 7). Conclusions: A tool can be created to help address the gap in communication between pharmacists when patients move between interfaces of care by evaluating the needs of healthcare professionals involved in the information transfer process. It is envisioned that the elements of our tool can be easily adapted to other institutions to improve medication information transfer.
Estimation of speaker height from formant frequencies
Authors: Greisbach Reinhold 
Published: May 2006

This investigation aims at establishing a regression function which predicts the height of a speaker from the formant frequencies measured in the speech signal produced by that speaker. Isolated vowels from a male and a female sample population and data on their body height were collected. The formant frequencies of the vowels were measured and regression analysis to speaker height was performed. It turned out that not all formants and vowels are equally suited for this regression. The major requirement for establishing a (significant) regression function seems to be the accurate measurement of formants. The results of the regression analysis are presented for the vowel [ø:], where best results were obtained. Possible explanations are suggested for the failure of earlier studies to find a correlation between speaker height and the acoustic parameters of the speech signal.
Histomorphometric Analysis of Bone Density in the Maxillary Tuberosity of Cadavers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gapski Ricardo , Satheesh Keerthana , Cobb Charles M. 
Published: May 2006

Background: Maxillary tuberosities have been widely used as a source of autogenous bone for a variety of oral surgical procedures. However, no previous studies have actually demonstrated the histologic and histomorphometric characteristics of this anatomical region in detail. The aim of this study was to evaluate maxillary tuberosities in cadavers histologically and histomorphometrically.Methods: A block section, including the overlying alveolar mucosa, was obtained from a randomly assigned maxillary tuberosity of 20 cadavers (nine females and 11 males). All cadavers were edentulous distal to the second bicuspid teeth, and 14 out of 20 were edentulous distal to the cuspids. A minimum of 35 serial sections were obtained from each cadaver. Description analysis was performed for the presence of either a fibrotic or fatty infiltration of the marrow spaces and thickness and continuity of alveolar bone. Computer‐based histomorphometric image analysis of the percentage surface area of bone was also carried out in three sections of each cadaver. Statistical analysis was performed to establish possible differences between genders. The analysis did not control for nutritional status and/or possible systemic or skeletal diseases.Results: Little variation existed between specimens, regardless of gender, with respect to thickness of oral mucosa overlying the tuberosity. Descriptive bone analysis revealed thin cortical bone and sparse cancellous bone patterns. In addition, the block specimens exhibited no evidence of osteoid or active bone formation, but large marrow spaces infiltrated with loosely organized fibrous connective tissue and/or lipid cells. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated a mean percentage of vital bone of 24.23% ± 5.2%. Stratification of the data revealed statistically significant differences in mean percentage of vital bone between genders (27.15% ± 4.7% for males versus 20.66% ± 3.4% for females; P = 0.003).Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, maxillary tuberosities seem to mainly consist of marrow spaces, adipose tissue, and a low vital bone profile. Females demonstrated a statistically significant lower amount of vital bone than males. The results suggest that this specific area may not be an ideal source of autogenous bone for grafting purposes in older individuals. However, it is imperative to note that this investigation did not control for nutritional imbalances and skeletal disorders. Further studies are necessary to control all confounding factors.
C‐Reactive Protein Levels in Patients With Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Salzberg Trang N. , Overstreet Benjamin T. , Rogers Jeffrey D. , Califano Joseph V. , Best Al M. , Schenkein Harvey A. 
Published: May 2006

Background: Sera from patients with periodontal infections contain elevated levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) compared to periodontally healthy individuals. Most studies to date have included patients with chronic periodontitis, and few investigators have studied CRP levels in subjects with aggressive periodontitis (AgP). The purpose of this study was to determine the relative levels of serum CRP in AgP patients and periodontally healthy subjects and to examine patients' characteristics that might account for intergroup differences.Methods: Serum samples were collected from 93 patients with generalized AgP (GAgP), from 97 patients with localized AgP (LAgP), and from 91 healthy controls (non‐periodontitis [NP]). Periodontal examination consisted of plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, bleeding index, and attachment loss measurements. Current smoking was assessed by determination of serum cotinine levels by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum CRP levels were determined using a high‐sensitivity ELISA assay.Results: The three groups were significantly different from one another (P <0.0001). The 95% confidence interval for serum CRP concentrations were as follows: NP, 0.65919 (0.4901 to 0.8869); LAgP, 1.10138 (0.8265 to 1.468); and GAgP, 2.05318 (1.5313 to 2.7538) mg/l. CRP levels in both LAgP and GAgP subjects were significantly greater than those in NP subjects, and levels in GAgP were significantly greater than those in LAgP. Following adjustment of the data for periodontal and demographic variables and current smoking, both mean probing depth and periodontal diagnosis remained correlated with CRP levels.Conclusions: Patients with AgP have statistically significant elevations in serum CRP levels compared to subjects without periodontitis. Elevated CRP in these subjects might represent a contribution of periodontal infections to systemic inflammation in relatively young individuals.
Driving Status and Risk of Entry Into Long-Term Care in Older Adults
Authors: Freeman Ellen E. , Gange Stephen J. , Muñoz Beatriz , West Sheila K. 
Published: May 2006

Objectives. Given the importance of driving in American society, older non-drivers may be unable to meet basic needs while living independently. We assessed whether not driving is an independent risk factor for entering long-term care (LTC) institutions. Methods. Data were used from 1593 older adults who participated in the Salisbury Eye Evaluation cohort study and completed an additional telephone survey. Questions on driving status and LTC entry were obtained by self/proxy report. Cox time-dependent regression procedures were used to adjust for demographic and health factors. Results. Former and never drivers had higher hazards of LTC entry after adjustment for demographic and health variables (hazard ratio [HR]=4.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.26, 7.21; and HR=3.53; 95% CI=1.89, 6.58, respectively). Also, having no other drivers in the house was an independent risk factor for LTC entry (HR=1.72; 95% CI=1.15, 2.57). Discussion. Older adults are expected to make good decisions about when to stop driving, but the hardships imposed on older adults by not driving are not widely recognized. Innovative strategies to improve transportation options for older adults should be considered.
Firearm Access and Gun Violence Exposure Among American Indian or Alaska Native and Black Adults
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Moceri-Brooks Jayna , Ziminski Devon , Barnes R. Thurman , Semenza Daniel 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceAmerican Indian or Alaska Native and Black adults experience elevated rates of firearm injury and death, but both groups are severely underrepresented in research on firearm exposure and behaviors.ObjectiveTo explore geodemographic differences in firearm behaviors and violence exposure among American Indian or Alaska Native and Black adults in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this survey study, nationally representative samples of American Indian or Alaska Native and/or Black adults recruited from KnowledgePanel were surveyed cross-sectionally. Surveys were administered online between April 12 and May 4, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFirearm access, storage, and carrying behaviors and lifetime firearm violence exposure were the primary outcomes. Demographic factors such as age, geographic location, and political affiliation were considered. Data were weighted to geodemographic distributions from the US Census Bureau’s 2022 Current Population Survey.ResultsOf 3542 participants, 527 (14.9%) were American Indian or Alaska Native (280 [53.1%] female) and 3015 (85.1%) were Black (1646 [54.6%] female). Both groups exhibited high firearm access rates (American Indian or Alaska Native adults: 238 [45.4%; 95% CI, 39.4%-51.7%]; Black adults: 909 [30.4%; 95% CI, 28.0%-32.9%]), predominantly owning handguns for home protection. The groups demonstrated similar firearm storage patterns, and a substantial proportion endorsed always or almost always carrying firearms outside the home (American Indian or Alaska Native adults: 18.9%; Black adults: 15.2%). Self-protection was a common reason for carrying a firearm (American Indian or Alaska Native adults: 104 [84.9%; 95% CI, 74.1%-91.7%]; Black adults: 350 [88.3%; 95% CI, 82.3%-92.4%]), and a minority of participants cited lack of faith in the police (American Indian or Alaska Native adults: 19 [15.2%; 95% CI, 8.2%-26.7%]; Black adults: 61 [15.4%; 95% CI, 10.3%-21.2%]), indicating potential shifts in public safety dynamics.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study of American Indian or Alaska Native and Black US adults, a substantial percentage of both groups reported living in homes with firearms, storing firearms loaded and unlocked, frequently carrying firearms outside the home, and having been exposed directly and indirectly to gun violence. These findings underscore the need for nuanced public health campaigns and policies and highlight challenges for law enforcement in contexts of racial disparities and changing legal frameworks.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) predicts survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Parol‐Kulczyk Martyna , Durślewicz Justyna , Blonkowska Laura , Wujec Radosław , Gzil Arkadiusz , Piątkowska Daria , Ligmanowska Joanna , Grzanka Dariusz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common subtypes of renal cancer, with 30% of patients presenting with systemic disease at diagnosis. This aggressiveness is a consequence of the activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) caused by many different inducers or regulators, signaling cascades, epigenetic regulation, and the tumor environment. Alterations in EMT‐related genes and transcription factors are associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC. EMT‐related factors suppress E‐cadherin expression and are associated with tumor progression, local invasion, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels and prognostic significance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), β‐catenin, and E‐cadherin in ccRCC patients. We examined these proteins immunohistochemically in tumor areas and adjacent normal tissues resected from patients with ccRCC. Analysis of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort was performed to verify our results. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that median overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in patients with tumors exhibiting high MIFn and MIFm‐c levels compared to those with low MIFn and MIFm‐c levels (p = 0.03 and p = 0.007, respectively). In the TCGA cohort, there was a significant correlation between MIF expression and OS (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, this study provides further evidence for the biological and prognostic value of MIF in the context of EMT as a potential early prognostic marker for advanced‐stage ccRCC.
Construction of Cu─Ni Atomic Pair with Bimetallic Atom‐Cluster Sites for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Chang Fangfang , Zhu Kai , Liu Chenhong , Wei Juncai , Yang Shuwen , Zhang Qing , Yang Lin , Wang Xiaolei , Bai Zhengyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeveloping atomically dispersed metal on nitrogen‐doped carbon (M─N─C) catalyst provides a promising strategy to convert CO2 into high‐valued chemicals and achieve artificially closed carbon cycles. However, it is challenging to tune the structure and coordination of N─M bond that further improve the intrinsic activity and selectivity of CO2RR. Herein, CuNi atomic clusters embedded in Ni/Cu dual atomic sites catalysts (CuNiAC@Ni/Cu─N─C) are designed and successfully manipulated to regulate the coordination environment for M─N─C catalysts to enhance the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR). The most active configuration in CuNiAC@Ni/Cu─N─C catalyst is CuNi atomic cluster connected with 2N‐bridged (Ni‐Cu)N5, in which two N atoms are shared with NiN4 and CuN3 moieties verified by both systematic advanced characterizations and density function theory (DFT) calculations. The results have revealed the integration between CuNi atomic cluster and N4Ni/CuN3 dual‐metal atomic sites that optimize the electronic redistribution and narrow the bandgap, thereby decreasing the energy barrier of the potential determination step and promoting CO production.
Supramolecular Lipid Nanoparticles Based on Host–Guest Recognition: A New Generation Delivery System of mRNA Vaccines For Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Qi Shaolong , Zhang Xueyan , Yu Xinyang , Jin Lulu , Yang Kai , Wang Yangfan , Feng Yunxuan , Lei Jiaqi , Mao Zhengwei , Yu Guocan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDendritic cell (DC) maturation is a crucial process for antigen presentation and the initiation of T cell‐mediated immune responses. Toll‐like receptors play pivotal roles in stimulating DC maturation and promoting antigen presentation. Here, a novel message RNA (mRNA) cancer vaccine is reported that boosts antitumor efficacy by codelivering an mRNA encoding tumor antigen and a TLR7/8 agonist (R848) to DC using supramolecular lipid nanoparticles (SMLNP) as a delivery platform, in which a new ionizable lipid (N2‐3L) remarkably enhances the translation efficiency of mRNA and a β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)‐modified ionizable lipid (Lip‐CD) encapsulates R848. The incorporation of R848 adjuvant into the mRNA vaccine through noncovalent host–guest complexation significantly promotes DC maturation and antigen presentation after vaccination, thus resulting in superior antitumor efficacy in vivo. Moreover, the antitumor efficacy is further boosted synergized with immune checkpoint blockade by potentiating the anticancer capability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes infiltrated in tumor sites. This work indicates that SMLNP shows brilliant potential as next‐generation delivery system in the development of mRNA vaccines with high efficacy.
Autonomous Light Intensity Adaptation in an Energy‐Efficient Retinomorphic Organic Ferroelectric Neuristor
Authors: Li Longfei , Dai Qinyong , Li Yating , Pei Mengjiao , Osada Minoru , Li Yun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn biological visual systems, retina with bidirectional photoresponse can adapt to variable environments and modulate their photosensitivity dependent on illumination conditions in an energy‐efficient way. However, to emulate the visual functionality, current systems still require a sustained power supply and manipulate the electrical stimulation manually according to light intensity, thus incurring high energy consumption and the lack of autonomous adaptive function. Herein, an organic ferroelectric neuristor emulating the visual self‐adaptation function of retina is introduced. Such autonomous adaptive behavior of device originates from the trap‐assisted ferroelectric polarization reversal under light illumination. It allows to realize bidirectional photoresponse in a single device according to light intensity, thus breaking through the limitation of commonly adaptive devices with single photoresponse mechanisms. In particular, only a single gate voltage pulse with an ultralow energy consumption of ≈34 pJ is required to accomplish the adaptation behavior, endowing the visual perception with high autonomy and power efficiency. Finally, the application potential of the neuristor in image pre‐processing and recognition under bright and dim light conditions is demonstrated. Therefore, this work opens up a path for the development of retina‐like visual systems with highly energy efficient.
Unlocking enhanced selectivity of Pd/Al2O3 in semihydrogenation of alkynes by in situ ligand‐reduction strategy
Authors: Wang Mingxuan , Chen Yi , Liu Xu , Zhao Zijiang , Ren Linhan , Huang Songtao , Dong Guanglu , Xia Molin , Li Xiaonian , Wei Zhongzhe , Wang Jianguo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe partial hydrogenation of alkynes into alkenes constitutes a pivotal chemical transformation in the synthesis of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. Nevertheless, the extant industrial catalyst falls short of achieving a felicitous equilibrium between its catalytic potency and selectivity. Herein, triphenylphosphine (PPh3) modified Pd/Al2O3 catalysts are fabricated through a “one‐pot” process, which achieve highly selective hydrogenation of alkynes at room temperature. PPh3 plays a dual role—as a reducing agent and a ligand. Kinetic and characterization studies reveal PPh3 alters H2 activation from homolytic to heterolytic cleavage, which facilitate the formation of alkene. Moreover, PPh3 can also optimize the reaction microenvironment, achieving the reduced self‐poisoning of alkyne and promoted desorption of alkene. In the realm of alkyne hydrogenation, our philosophy encompasses a global optimization of active sites, ligand systems, and reaction microenvironmental. This method steers the course of catalyst development for other reactions beyond the field of alkyne hydrogenation.
Deep eutectic solvent‐assisted selective extraction of valuable metals from waste lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Chen Biaohua , Guo Yu , Zhang Xinhe , Yu Gangqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA novel synergistic extractant consisting of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP) is proposed for selective extraction of valuable metals from waste lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The extraction efficiencies of Ni2+, Co2+, and Mn2+ were 99.8%, 99.1%, and 95.9%, respectively, and high‐purity Li+ was enriched in the raffinate after the single‐stage extraction. Valuable metal salts, lithium carbonate (92.3 wt%) and cobalt oxalate (94.9 wt%), were obtained. The DES + TBP extractant retained its high extraction performance even after multiple regeneration cycles. The extraction process followed the so‐called “cation exchange mechanism” with thermodynamic properties of ΔH < 0, ΔG < 0, and ΔS < 0. The molecular‐level extraction mechanism demonstrated that the extraction process was dominated by both electrostatic and coordination interactions between the metal ions and DES/TBP, based on quantum chemical calculations. This study aims to provide a new strategy for recycling valuable metals from waste LIBs.
Insights of rising bubble dynamics of air‐blown biomass gasification in bubbling fluidized bed gasifier
Authors: Sun Haoran , Yang Shiliang , Bao Guirong , Wang Hua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the complex dynamics and spatial distribution of rising bubbles in fluidized bed gasifiers is crucial for designing, optimizing, and scaling up of the reactor. However, existing studies on bubble dynamics mainly focused on cold flow investigations, failing to capture the behavior of bubbles under the influence of chemical reactions and intricate coupling of heat transfer. Therefore, a reactive Lagrangian model is established to explore intricate bubble behaviors during biomass air gasification. The model is well validated with experiment, and the impact of operating parameters including bed temperature and equivalence ratio (ER) on the bubble behaviors is studied. The growth, coalescence, break, and eruption of rising bubbles are studied. A lower ER is recommended for better gasification performance. With an increase in the ER from 0.12 to 0.3, both the lower heating value and combustible gas concentration experienced a decrease of approximately 38.5% and 38.3%, respectively. The lateral feeding of biomass leads to asymmetrical distribution of bed temperature and bubble properties. Near the biomass inlet, a larger bubble aspect ratio is observed, possibly attributed to the hindrance in the lateral bubble growth due to the lateral biomass feeding. The bubble coordinate number is introduced to characterize the degree of bubble distribution density in a specific region. It is found that increasing the operating temperature results in a reduction in the density and an increase in the volume of bubbles at the bottom, resulting in a denser distribution of bubbles in this region. Although this concentrated bubble distribution may impact local heat and mass transfer, the differences in bubble distribution under temperature dominance gradually decrease along the reactor height. The impact of the operating conditions on the thermal properties and spatial distribution of bubbles obtained in this work can provide valuable guidance for practical gasification operations.