bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
METABOLISM OF 17β-OESTRADIOL-17α-3H BY THE PREVIABLE HUMAN FOETUS AT MIDTERM
Authors: Benagiano G. , Mancuso S. , de la Torre B. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
One female and one male foetus were perfused at midpregnancy with 17β-oestradiol-16-14C,17α-3H and metabolites were isolated in a radiochemically homogeneous form from the perfusates and various foetal tissues. The 3H/14C ratio of the perfused material was 60.2. Unconjugated and conjugated 17β-oestradiol and oestrone were isolated from all tissues studied. The 3H/14C ratio of the oestradiol isolated from all tissues, except the liver, agreed with the perfused one. The oestrone isolated from different sources did not contain any 3H-label.
Unconjugated oestriol and conjugated oestriol, 16-epi-oestriol, 16α-hydroxy-oestrone, 16-oxo-oestradiol and 15α-hydroxy-oestradiol were isolated from the extracts of the livers. No 3H-label was present in 16α-hydroxy-oestrone, and only traces, if any, in 16-oxo-oestradiol. On the other hand, the isotopic ratios of 16-epi-oestriol, oestriol and 15α-hydroxy-oestradiol were between 1.5 and 5.0.
It is concluded that a small but significant part of the oestriol, 16-epi-oestriol and 15α-hydroxy-oestradiol synthesized by the foetal liver is formed via a direct hydroxylation of oestradiol.
THE EFFECT OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED CYPROTERONE ON THE SEBUM PRODUCTION IN HUMAN SUBJECTS
Authors: Tamm J. , Voigt K. D. , Schönrock M. , Ludwig E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using the Strauss and Pochi technique it has been confirmed that in human subjects the sebum production is dependent to a great extent on the concentration of androgens available to the tissues. Treatment of normal males with the antiandrogen Cyproterone produced only a transient decrease of sebum production at about the 10th day; Cyproterone induced an increase in testosterone production. As a result of this, Cyproterone was also apparently without effect in hirsute females. In a castrate male, Cyproterone completely inhibited the effect of intramuscularly injected testosterone on the sebaceous glands.
GESCHLECHTSSPEZIFIKA DER BIOSYNTHESE VON STEROIDGLUCURONIDEN IN DER MIT TESTOSTERON PERFUNDIERTEN RATTENLEBER
Authors: Schriefers Herbert , Ghraf Rüdiger , Brodesser Mathilde 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to reveal contingent sex specificities regarding the biosynthesis of steroid glucuronides perfusion experiments with rat liver and [4-14C] testosterone** as substrate were carried out. 75% (male rats) respectively 89% (female rats) of the chromatographically isolated aglucones could be identified.
In the course of one single passage of the substrate the female liver retains significantly more (factor 1.4) 14C-activity than the male. Since this phenomenon is not due to a sex different capacity of the liver for the synthesis of steroid glucuronides, it must be regarded as a sex characteristic sui generis.
The aglucone pattern exhibits the following sex differences: The quantitatively predominant aglucones are testosterone (47%) and hydroxylated Δ4-3-ketosteroids in male rats and ring A hydrogenated products of the type C19O2 (80.7%) in females. Within the group of ring A hydrogenated C19O2-aglucones the biologically inactive 5β-compounds (5β-androsterone, 17β-hydroxy-5β-androstan-3-one, 5β-androstane-3α, 17β-diol) prevail in the male sex, and the biologically active 5α-compounds (5α-androsterone, 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one, 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol) in the female sex.
With either sex the percentage share of 5α- and 5β-androsterone and 5α- and 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol in the glucuronide fraction is extremely higher than in the fraction of free steroids though the affinity of the UDP-glucuronyl transferase of the rat liver is considerably lower for these four metabolites than for the 4,5-dihydro-testosterone derivatives which, however, for their part are nearly equally distributed between the glucuronide and the free steroid fraction. Therefore, it can be postulated that the glucuronides of the above mentioned androsterones and androstanediols derive mainly from the hydrogenation of testosterone glucuronide and only for the minor part from direct conjugation of the hydrogenation products with glucuronic acid.
BIOASSAY OF ANTIGONADOTROPHIC SERA
Authors: Petrusz P. , Robyn C. , Diczfalusy E. , Finney D. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Experimental evidence is presented indicating that the principle of additivity between gonadotrophic and antigonadotrophic activities which forms the basis of the previously proposed bioassay method for antigonadotrophic sera (Robyn et al. 1968) is valid for a wide range of hormone:antiserum ratios. From knowledge of the antigonadotrophic potency of an antiserum, it is possible to select an amount of antiserum which will completely neutralize a given gonadotrophic activity.
THE CONCENTRATION AND SYNTHESIS OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS IN THE SKIN AND TRACHEAL CARTILAGE OF NORMAL AND ORCHIDECTOMIZED RATS INJECTED WITH TESTOSTERONE
Authors: Kofoed J. A. , Bozzini C. E. , Tocci A. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Normal and orchidectomized rats were injected on alternate days with 10 mg of testosterone for 20 days in order to study the effect of the hormone on both the distribution and the rate of synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in the skin and tracheal cartilage. Testosterone exerts a very specific effect on the acidic glycosaminoglycans by increasing the hyaluronic acid concentration more than twice. The sulphated fractions do not appear to be affected. The above increase in probably due to an augmentation of synthesis of hyaluronate, as evidenced by an increased uptake of 14C acetate by this fraction.
AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY ON THE LOCALIZATION OF ANDROGEN IN THE PROSTATE GLAND AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES OF THE MALE RAT
Authors: Tveter Kjell J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The distribution of radioactive material in the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles has been studied by autoradiography after intramuscular administration of [1,2-3H] testosterone in vivo to adult castrated male rats. Positive autoradiographs were obtained from 7½ min to 8 h after the administration. As early as after 15 min, there appeared to be a selective localization of radioactivity in the epithelial cells, with much of the labelling associated with the nuclei; the stromal labelling was markedly less. This picture was even more significant ½, 1 and 2 h after the injection, when the autoradiographs demonstrated a preferential labelling of the nuclei of the epithelial cells. A distinct labelling of the epithelial cells was also found 8 h after the injection. The same qualitative pattern of distribution of radioactivity was seen in the four prostatic lobes and the seminal vesicles. No significant labelling of the secretions in the glandular lumina was observed.
EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.5 MG OF NORETHINDRONE ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE, PREGNANEDIOL AND TOTAL OESTROGENS
Authors: Larsson-Cohn U. , Johansson E. D. B. , Wide L. , Gemzell C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of LH, total oestrogens and pregnanediol were performed in 4 subjects during one control cycle, immediately followed for 2 or 3 months of daily treatment with 0.5 mg of norethindrone continuously.
The control cycles were ovulatory according to all the parameters investigated. During treatment the mid-cycle LH peak disappeared in all cases while the basal LH excretion showed considerable day to day variations. The excretion of total oestrogens was increased in all subjects but did not show the normal biphasic pattern. Periods of increased oestrogen excretion also appeared in the subjects with consistently low progesterone and pregnanediol levels during the treatment.
In two cases, all signs of luteal activity immediately disappeared after the commencement of treatment. The other cases had one and three periods of increased progesterone and pregnanediol levels respectively. However, these periods were shorter than those of the control cycles.
One of the subjects had regular menstrual bleeding while the other three had more or less irregular vaginal flows, often appearing during elevated but declining oestrogen excretion.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE ASSAY OF PROGESTERONE BY COMPETITIVE PROTEIN BINDING
Authors: Reeves B. D. , de Souza M. L. A. , Thompson I. E. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An improved method for the assay of plasma progesterone by competitive protein binding is described. The improvement is based upon rigorous control of the variables, the compensation for and standardisation of interfering factors inherent in the method and the use of a human corticosteroid binding globulin, that meets the requirements for sensitivity at levels of 1.0 ng of progesterone and below.
The assessment of the reliability of the individual steps in the method as well as that of the complete method is presented. The sensitivity of the method is around 0.2 ng progesterone per ml plasma. Accuracy was measured by adding progesterone in amounts ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 ng to 1.0 ml plasma. There was a linear relationship between the progesterone added and recovered throughout the entire range of values, with a coefficient of correlation (r) of 0.94. Of 52 related steroids tested, none was found which would remain associated with progesterone following extraction and purification and which would also compete with progesterone for binding sites.
THE DURATION OF THE FALL OF BLOOD PRESSURE FOLLOWING THE INDUCTION OF DECIDUOMATA AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF PROGESTERONE IN STEROID HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Moore H. C. , Cserhat I. , Wilson K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Experimental deciduomata produce a protracted fall of blood pressure in steroid hypertensive rats. The fall begins at between 9 and 13 days of pseudopregnancy, lasts for between 8 and 14 days and is then followed by a restoration to higher levels between 17 and 24 days. The metrial gland of the deciduomata is thought to be responsible for the fall.
Parenteral progesterone has two main effects. It enhances the degree of the fall of blood pressure and also prolongs the survival of deciduomata to beyond 22 days of pseudopregnancy. Progesterone does not alter the time of onset nor the duration of the hypotensive episode and the return of the blood pressure to higher levels takes place even though the metrial gland of the deciduomata is still viable and progesterone still being administered.
It is considered that the duration of the hypotensive episode is determined either by a changed function of the metrial gland cells with duration or to an entirely different but unknown mechanism.
The present findings suggest that the hypotensive effect of pregnancy in hypertensive rats is a related phenomenon and is due in part to the function of metrial gland cells of the pregnancy decidua under the influence of progesterone.
THE IN VITRO UPTAKE OF TRITIATED OESTRADIOL BY THE OVIDUCT OF IMMATURE AND LAYING CHICKENS
Authors: Cecil Helene C. , Bitman J. , Shaffner C. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The oviduct of the immature chick had a special affinity for oestradiol during in vitro incubation with tritiated oestradiol. All anatomical portions of the oviduct concentrated 3-6 times more radioactivity than other body tissues. When the immature birds were pretreated with nonlabelled oestradiol, the ability of the ovary, liver and muscle to concentrate 3H-oestradiol was unaffected. In contrast, accumulation of radioactivity by oviducts from pretreated birds was reduced to a level comparable to other body tissues.
The oviducts from nonlaying hens were able to accumulate more oestradiol per unit of weight than the oviducts from laying hens. Presumably the laying hen had a source of endogenous oestrogen which reduced the ability of the oviduct to accumulate 3H-oestradiol from the incubation mixture.
STUDIES ON ALDOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS IN VITRO
Authors: Sharma Dinesh C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Biosynthesis of 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone from radioactive progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone and corticosterone by adrenals of bullfrogs and that of normals as well as gonadectomized Rhesus monkeys was studied in vitro. The adrenals of monkeys were much less active than those of the frogs. Corticosterone and progesterone were more efficiently converted to 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone by the frog adrenals while the formation of these products from 11-dehydrocorticosterone was very little; the adrenals from the monkeys utilized the latter compound comparaticely better than the other substrates. The data support that the main pathway for aldosterone biosynthesis is progesterone:→ 11-deoxycorticosterone → corticosterone→ 18-OH-corticosterone → aldosterone. The pathway involving 11-dehydroaldosterone, proposed by some workers, is comparatively less efficient for aldosterone biosynthesis but could be involved as an alternate route and a mechanism for limiting the biosynthesis of aldosterone in mammals.
ELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATION OF HORMONES ASSOCIATED WITH SECRETORY GRANULES FROM RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDS
Authors: Hodges D. R. , McShan W. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Electrophoretic analyses of rat, mouse, human and cow anterior pituitary homogenates with subsequent bioassays for hormonal activity have been reported. Comparison of the behaviour of the hormonal activities from rat anterior pituitary secretory granules and that reported for pituitary homogenates was made following disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Bioassays of gel segments for the six anterior pituitary hormones resulted in the localization of the activities of five of the six hormones. ACTH activity was not detected. Growth hormone and prolactin were associated with the major cathodal and anodal discs respectively. Luteinizing hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone activities had similar mobilities and were located in a zone just above growth hormone. The activity was not restricted to a discrete, stainable disc in either case. Follicle stimulating hormone activity was detected in a narrow segment containing only one disc a few millimeters below growth hormone. Comparison of the mobilities of the hormones from homogenates and secretory granule extracts suggests that they have essentially similar electrophoretic characteristics at basis pH.
ENHANCEMENT OF INSULIN RELEASE TO ACUTE GLYCAEMIC STIMULATION WITH DEPRESSION OF BASAL INSULIN PRODUCTION RATES IN INSULINOMA FOLLOWING DIAZOXIDE ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Bailey Richard E. , Castro Albert , Kramer Rosanne M. , Macfarlane Dorothy 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Single and double load oral glucose tolerance tests were performed repetitively both before and during administration of diazoxide to a 15-year old girl who had an insulin secreting islet cell tumour. Plasma insulin concentrations increased above baseline values by a greater magnitude in response to a single acute oral glycaemic stimulus following diazoxide treatment, compared to the increases resulting from comparable prediazoxide glucose tolerance tests, and plasma insulin either attained higher values or sustained elevations for a longer duration during the early part (first hour) of the single load tests. This provides evidence that diazoxide does not prevent the normal insulin release response to a glycaemic stimulus, and that enhanced insulin secretion rates may occur with insulinomas under the study conditions employed.
Fasting plasma insulin concentrations were lower during the period of diazoxide administration which indicates that insulin biosynthesis was depressed under fasting steady-state conditions. Considering that the first part of the glucose tolerance curve reflects primarily insulin release, our data is consistent with the view that insulin storage within the insulinoma cells is preserved under the study conditions employed and may even be enhanced by diazoxide. Consequently, depression of insulin biosynthesis is considered to be a resultant effect and not a primary action of diazoxide. These results suggest a possible basis for »distinguishing« types of insulinomas should additional perspective reveal that glycaemic-induced enhancement of insulin secretion rates cannot be made to occur uniformly in diazoxide treated patients having insulinomas.
PITUITARY-ADRENAL ACTIVATION IN RATS WITH MEDIAL BASAL HYPOTHALAMIC ISLANDS
Authors: Feldman Shaul , Conforti Nisim , Chowers Israel , Davidson Julian M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male rats subjected to deafferentiation of the medial basal hypothalamus by the method of Halasz and Pupp were exposed to a variety of ACTH releasing stimuli during the forenoon. Following this, plasma corticosterone was measured and the results were compared with responses obtained in intact animals. The response to etherization alone was unaffected by deafferentation, although the plasma corticosterone increase due to etherization plus jugular venesection was slightly inhibited. There was, however, a nearly complete inhibition of the response to auditory stimulation (86% of control value) and also a marked inhibition of the response to optic stimulation (45% of control value). The responses to anoxia and immobilization were unaffected by the surgical procedure. The completeness of the hypothalamic »island« was not a factor of importance in these experiments since results were essentially the same in animals in which part of the tissue at the base of the hypothalamus was not cut. It is concluded that (1) ACTH release following auditory, and to a somewhat lesser extent, optic stimulation depends on neural input to the basal medial hypothalamus and (2) the corticotrophic responses to ether, anoxia and immobilization may be mediated by humoral activation of the same region.
HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTION IN OBESITY AND THE CORTISOL SECRETION RATE FOLLOWING PROLONGED STARVATION
Authors: Jackson Ivor M. D. , Mowat Joy I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was undertaken in obesity. Abnormality of diurnal rhythm of plasma cortisol, elevated cortisol secretion rate (CSR) and, to a lesser extent, excessive response to adrenal stimulation, were found in a proportion of cases. Adequate hypoglycaemia invariably produced a significant cortisol rise and 80% of cases responded to L.8 vasopressin at 5 units im. A significant fall in CSR, urinary 17-OHCS and 17-KS occurred with starvation. The significance of these findings in relation to Cushing's syndrome is discussed.
COMPARISON OF EFFECTS OF 6-DEHYDRO-16-METHYLENE-HYDROCORTISONE (STC 407) AND DEXAMETHASONE ON THE SUPPRESSION OF THE HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM
Authors: Berthold K. , Arimura A. , Schally A. V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The suppressive effects of 6-dehydro-16-methylene-hydrocortisone (STC 407) and dexamethasone on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system were evaluated in the rat. Four μg dexamethasone or 120 μg STC 407/100 g b. w. was injected ip daily into normal rats for 16 or 31 days. These doses were of approximately equivalent antiinflammatory potencies. Both steroids decreased equally plasma and adrenal corticosterone concentrations as well as adrenal weights. However, CRF activities of the hypothalamus and ACTH contents of the pituitary glands were significantly reduced by treatment with STC 407, but not with dexamethasone. This finding may endorse the successful treatment with STC 407 of Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal hyperplasia in which the fundamental derangement appears to consist of a disturbed regulatory function of the hypothalamus.
DIE AUSSCHEIDUNG VON 11-DESOXYCORTISOL UND VON TETRAHYDRO-11-DESOXYCORTISOL IN DER NORMALEN SCHWANGERSCHAFT UND BEI INTRAUTERINEM FRUCHTTOD
Authors: Dässler C.-G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary excretion of tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol (THS) was determined after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and paperchromatography in 12 nonpregnant women (mean m = 29 μg/24 h; standard deviation s = ± 17) and in 3 women with intrauterine foetal death in late pregnancy (m = 40 μg/24 h). In 16 healthy women during late pregnancy the excretion of THS was higher (P < 0.001; m = 70 μg/24 h; s = ±40). Determination of 11-deoxycortisol (Compound S) resulted in a similar elevation (P < 0.001) of this steroid in urine of women during late pregnancy (m = 40 μg/24 h; s = ±32). 11-Deoxycortisol was not to be found or was present in very small amounts only (< 10 μg/24 h) in urine extracts of nonpregnant women and of women in late pregnancy with intrauterine foetal death.
THE ISO-POLAR METABOLITES PRODUCED BY INCUBATION OF [4-14C]TESTOSTERONE WITH RAT AND BOVINE BRAIN
Authors: Sholiton Leon J. , Hall Ila L. , Werk Emile E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rat and bovine brain homogenates have been incubated with [4-14C] testosterone under standard conditions. With use of paper chromatography, the extracted metabolites were noted to fall into less polar, iso-polar, and more polar fractions. The components of the iso-polar fraction were separated after acetylation by thin-layer chromatography and the major end-product identified by gas-liquid chromatography and recrystallization to constant specific activity.
Rat brain forms a major iso-polar metabolite, allo-tetrahydrotestosterone, and a small amount of tetrahydrotestosterone. Neither of these could be detected in the bovine brain incubates.
TYPICAL CASES OF ISOLATED GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY WITH AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE INHERITANCE
Authors: Kumahara Y. , Okada Y. , Miyai K. , Iwatsubo H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 25-year-old male dwarf and his sister, a 31-year-old woman were investigated. Their respective heights were 114 and 97 cm with proportional statures. Their bone ages were that found in the adult subject. Thyroid functions and metyrapone test were normal and the total urinary gonadotrophin was determined in both cases. HGH secretion was not stimulated by insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, arginine infusion or exercise. Their parents and six other siblings were normal in height. The two patients were therefore assumed to be suffering from an isolated growth hormone deficiency with autosomal recessive inheritance.
PENIS AND TESTICULAR SIZE IN PATIENTS WITH GROWTH HORMONE INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Laron Z. , Sarel R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The size of the penis and testicles was estimated during several years in 20 male patients with pituitary insufficiency. The patients were divided into three groups, in accordance with the type of pituitary disorder as follows:
Group I – Pituitary dwarfism due to isolated HGH (human growth hormone) deficiency.
Group II – Pituitary dwarfism with high IR (immunoreactive), presumably biologically inactive HGH.
Group III – Idiopathic pituitary insufficiency inducing various hormone deficiencies.
It was found that in all patients with a longstanding deficiency in HGH activity, the genitalia were subnormal in size like in the prepubertal period. This was especially noticeable among those patients with a hereditary type of isolated HGH deficiency, or the hereditary type of pituitary dwarfism with IR but biologically inactive HGH. A few patients with isolated HGH deficiency showed some pubertal development during which period the penis and testicles became enlarged, but even so the latter remained small for the age of the patient.
It was concluded that HGH plays an active role in the determination of the size of the genitalia and gonads.