bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Crystal Violet in the Prevention of The transfusional Transmission of Chagas‐Mazza Disease
Authors: Vilaseca G. C. , Cerisola J. A. , Olarte J. A. , Zothner A. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe dye crystal violet, incorporated into the CPD 3 solution in quantity of 125 mg for 500 ml of blood, maintains its trypanocidal activity against T. cruzy, after 24 h of contact with the parasites in the blood at +4°C. The dye, used in this way, does not affect the viability of the red cells, which is kept within the minimum requirements of the N.I.H. for 22 days of maintenance in the blood bank ice box.RésuméLe colorant cristal violet incorporé dans une solution de CPD 3 en une quantité de 125 mg par 500 ml de sang, maintient son activité trypanocide contre »T. cruzy«, après 24 h de contact avec les parasites dans le sang à +4° C. Le colorant utilisé selon la manière décrite n'affecte pas la viabilité des erythrocytes prélevés selon les prescriptions minimales de l'Institut national de la Santé (N.I.H.) et conservés pendant 22 jours au réfrigérateur.ZusammenfassungDer Farbstoff Kristallviolett, aufgelöst in CPD 3 in der Menge von 125 mg pro 500 ml Blut, behält seine trypanocidal Aktivität gegenüber »T. cruzy«, nach 24‐stündigem Kontakt mit den Parasiten im Blut zu +4° C. Bei Verwendung des Farbstoffes in der hier angegebenen Art und Weise wird die Lebensfähigkeit der roten Blutkörperchen nicht beeinträchtigt. Sie bleibt innerhalb der von den Minimalanforderungen des N.I.H. verlangten 22tägigen Aufbewahrbarkeit im Eisschrank der Blutbank.
On the Presence of γG and β1C Globulins in Renal Glomeruli of Aging and Neonatally X‐Irradiated Mice1
Authors: Guttman P. H. , Wuepper K. D. , Fudenberg H. H. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe presence of γG‐ and β1C‐globulin was demonstrated in the renal lesions of progressive intereapillary glomerulosclerosis (IGS) of aging and irradiated mice by means of fluorescent antibody techniques. The extent of deposits and intensity of fluorescence paralleled the severity of the disease. Evidence is presented that these deposits may represent local complexes of antigen‐antibody and complement. The possible role of ‘autoimmunity’ in the pathogenesis of the kidney lesions in aging and irradiated mice is considered in light of present studies and previous observations.
Crossreacting Antibody and Saliva Agglutinins
Authors: Jakobowicz Rachel , Ehrlich Mira , Graydon J. J. 
Published: March 2009

Summary183 samples of saliva were collected from women 2–6 days post‐partum and examined for the presence of anti‐A and/or anti‐B antibodies. The presence or absence of such antibodies was correlated to the presence or absence of maternal immune antibodies and cord antibodies of anti‐A and/or anti‐B specificity.In 27 group A mothers there were four with saliva anti‐B three of whom belonged to subgroup A2. Two group A mothers had children of group O who had anti‐A in the cord serum.In 11 group B mothers there were three with anti‐A agglutinins in their saliva.In 145 group O mothers there were 75 with saliva anti‐A, anti‐B, or anti‐A + anti‐B agglutinins. In the majority of cases, but not in all the saliva antibodies were destroyed by mercapto‐ethanol.The incidence of saliva antibodies varies with the blood groups, increasing from A1 to B to A2 to O. The significance of these findings is discussed.In group O persons there was a statistically significant association between the presence of saliva antibodies of the ABO system and

the presence of immune anti‐A + anti‐B in the corresponding maternal sera;
cross‐reacting eluates obtained from A cells after contact with corresponding maternal sera;
agglutination of Ax cells by corresponding maternal sera;
and – in group O children – the presence of anti‐A and/or anti‐B antibodies in the corresponding cord sera.

In the majority of cases the presence of saliva antibodies is closely associated with all four of these serological features; there are, however, instances when there is only association with one or two of them, in agreement with Landsteiner's statement, that antibodies formed in response to one determinant group are not absolutely identical but vary around a main pattern.
A Two‐Component System of Human Serum Agglutinating Gelatine‐Coated Erythrocytes
Authors: Wolff I. , Timpl R. , Pecker I. , Steffen C. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryIn normal and pathologic human sera a heat‐labile Anti‐Gelatine Factor could be demonstrated, which agglutinates red cells coated with parent gelatine. In several properties it differs from the collagen antibody observed in rheumatoid arthritis sera and from the experimentally induced rabbit antibody against parent gelatine.By fractionation procedures it could be demonstrated that the Anti‐Gelatine Factor is a two‐component system, consisting of an agglutinator and an activator. The two components showed different solubilities in ammonium sulfate solution.The heat‐labile agglutinator shows in immunoelectrophoresis and gelfiltration properties corresponding to Immunoglobulin M, and precipitates as euglobulin.It possesses a lower agglutinating activity as the whole serum. The serologic reactivity between agglutinator and parent gelatine can be significantly increased by addition of the heat‐stable activator, which by itself possesses no agglutinating activity. It can activate agglutinators from different human sera. Various methods for the inactivation of hemolytic complement had no influence upon the agglutinating activity of the Anti‐Gelatine Factor.
Immunochemical Studies of Lectins
Authors: Miller J. T. , Boyd W. C. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryA method for the partial purification of Sophora japonica lectin is described. Tests on the partially purified lectin showed it to possess an increased specific activity for A and B erythrocytes but to have a low activity for group O erythrocytes. Chromatographic analysis on G‐200 sephadex showed two distinct peaks for the purified lectin and only one for the crude lectin, suggesting that partly purified lectin had a slightly smaller molecular size than did the crude material. Differences were also found between crude lectin and partly purified lectin by electrophoretic analysis and DEAE cellulose chromatography employing bromphenol blue staining of the protein and erythrocyte staining to locate the hemagglutinating activity.
Three New Phenotypic Systems in the Blood of Sheep1
Authors: Tucker E. M. , Suzuki Y. , Stormont C. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThree new phenotypic systems detectable in the blood of sheep by means of the technique of zone electrophoresis in starch gels are described.One of these systems, designated EsA (A or arylesterase), involves a broad, smudge‐like zone of esterase which developed rapidly during staining and was observed in the serum of about ¼ of the animals sampled. The 2 phenotypes, referred to as EsA‐positive and EsA‐negative, are inherited as if controlled by a pair of alleles, EsA+ and EsA‐, with EsA+ being dominant to EsA‐. A quick tube test for the diagnosis of the 2 phenotypes is described. It is shown that the 2 phenotypes correspond respectively with the earlier described phenotypes Halon‐high and Halon‐low discovered by Lee in studies of the hydrolytic activity of ovine serum on di‐(2‐chloroethyl) aryl phosphates.A second system, designated CA, involves 2 electrophoretic forms, CA‐F and CA‐S, of erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase observed in 3 phenotypes CA‐F, CA‐FS and CA‐S. The 3 phenotypes are inherited as if controlled by co‐dominant autosomal alleles designated CAF and CAS. Allele CAS was at or near fixation in 6 of the 9 breeds surveyed in this study. This system has its analogue in the earlier described CA system of cattle.The third system, designated X (unknown) protein, involves 3 zones in electrophoresed red cell lysates which were either present together or absent together. The 2 phenotypes, designated X‐positive and X‐negative, are inherited as if controlled by a pair of alleles, X and x, with X being dominant to x. (This nomenclature is tentative and should be changed when the protein involved becomes identified.) The 2 phenotypes were observed in each of the 9 breeds in the population survey.
An Examination of Bovine Blood Typing Antibodies by Gel‐Filtration Analysis
Authors: Hines H. C. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryTwenty bovine blood typing antisera were examined by gel filtration techniques. Sixteen of these were prepared by isoimmunization, two contained naturally occurring antibodies, one was prepared by heteroimmunization in a rabbit, and one by heteroimmunization in a sheep. Seventeen of the antisera contained detectable hemolytic antibodies in only the 7S class. Two of the isoimmune antisera exhibited both 7S and 19S hemolytic activities. One of the isoimmune antisera contained only 19S detectable antibodies. All of the 19S hemolytic activity was associated with E′ specificity.
A New Phenotype in the Ii Blood Group System
Authors: Jørgensen J. R. 
Published: March 2009

Summary. A new Ii phenotype is described in a patient with Turner's syndrome. The patient's erythrocytes reacted negatively with anti‐i; reactions with anti‐I were weaker than those of cord cells and stronger than adult i cells.The patient had no haematological disorder. Genetical investigation revealed no explanation of the new phenotype. The parents and siblings of the patient were all normal I, and chromosome analysis of the patient was normal.
On the Antigen Goa and the Rh System1
Authors: Chown B. , Lewis M. , Kaita H. , Hahn D. , Shackelton K. , Shepeard W. L. 
Published: March 2009

Summary. A study, primarily based on two negro families in which the propositae were D‐positive and had produced ‘anti‐D’, make it certain that the antigen called Goa (Gonzales) is part of the D complex of the Rh system and that it is characteristic of those people who make up Category IV of Tippett and Sanger.Goa is shown to be synonymous with earlier reported RoCor. Anti‐Goa is therefore renamed anti‐RoCor or anti‐DCor or anti‐Rh 30, and the ‘anti‐D’ antibody that DCor‐positive people, such as at least one of the propositae of the study, produce is considered antithetical to anti‐DCor and is named anti‐DRoc.
Serological and Immunochemical Characterisation of the Lima Bean Anti‐A Lectin1
Authors: Bhatia H. M. , Kim Y. C. , Boyd W. C. 
Published: March 2009

Summary. The column chromatography of the partially purified lectin showed two peaks and anti‐A agglutinin was present in the first peak having 22.4 S, 15.4 S and 6.9 S. Second peak having 4.2 S was nonspecific.Further studies on the ‘specific’ preparation from column chromatography showed that lectin was more specific for hog A than neopeptone A substance and was not affected by mercaptoethanol treatment. Immunoelectrophoresis showed variations in the A substance from hog and neopeptone.
An Autoaggressive Anti‐BI(O) Antibody
Authors: Drachmann O. 
Published: March 2009

Summary. An autoaggressive cold agglutinin, found in the serum of a group A1B, I‐positive subject is described.The antibody preferentially reacted with I‐positive red cells, which also contain B and H; it could be specifically bound to and eluted from I‐positive B and A2B cells; B substance from secretor salivas neutralized the agglutinin while no neutralization occurred with Animal Blood Group Substance B.It is suggested that the antibody detects a compound antigen, BI(O), which is produced by the ‘H’, B and I genes.
Complexities of the MN Locus
Authors: Metaxas M. N. , Metaxas‐Bühler M. , Ikin E. W. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryFifteen examples of rare alleles of M and N were found in serial tests on 3,895 blood donors. They include: (1) a third example of Mc, which differs from the two previously known ones in that it is inherited as a McS (instead of Mcs) gene complex; (2) an example each of two genes whose phenotypic expression consists of the antigens M, N and Sta (Stones), but which differ so markedly, particularly as to the ‘amount’ of N formed, that they have been given separate symbols, namely, Mz and Mr; (3) an example of N2, a gene defined as giving rise to N, in a form weaker than ‘normal’, but not to any M antigen. The antigens arising from each of these four genes were studied in detail, by means of parallel tests with large panels of M and N reagents on blood samples from persons found in the 3,895 series, selected members of their families, and unrelated carriers of Mc, Mr, and N2.Also included in these studies were cell samples heterozygous for Mg and Mk, and ‘special’ sera such as anti‐Mg, anti‐Mk, anti‐M’, etc. Anti‐M’ subdivides groups M and MN in much the same way as anti‐M1 does; in one respect at least, however, it differs clearly from the latter, namely, in its reactions with NMc and NMz cells. The results of tests with anti‐Mk on cells of all available MNSs genotypes suggest the possibility that Mk is a precursor substance of the MNSs system.
The Blood Group Antigen Ula (Karhula)
Authors: Furuhjelm U. , Nevanlinna H. R. , Nurkka Riitta , Gavin June , Tippett Patricia , Gooch Ann , Sanger Ruth 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe serum of a Finnish patient contains an antibody to a previously unknown red cell antigen provisionally called Ula. The antigen is possessed by 2.6% of 2620 Helsinki blood donors though in certain Finnish isolates it is more frequent: it is inherited as a dominant character. The symbol Ula is provisional because, although the antigen was shown by independent segregation in families not to belong to the ABO, MNSs, P, Rh, Lutheran, secretor, Duffy, Kidd or Dom‐brock systems, nor to be X‐ or Y‐linked, it has yet to be shown to be genetically independent of the versatile Kell system and of the Yt and Diego systems.
The Simultaneous Presence of Anti‐I and Anti‐i in Sera1
Authors: Jackson Valerie A. , Issitt P. D. , Francis Betty J. , Garris Mary Lou , Sanders C. W. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe specificity of antibodies that detect the antigens I, i, IT, IH (10), IA, IB, iH (iO), and IP1, [23, 10, 21, 11, 12, 3, 16, 17, 2, 5, 18, 22, 4, 20, 6, 7] can be established with little difficulty. There remain, however, many cold agglutinins that do not have specificity directed against any one of these antigens; this paper describes studies on 22 such sera, 3 of which react equally with I and i cells (regardless of ABO group) and 19 of which have anti‐I specificity but react with significant strength with i cells as compared to a ‘standard’ anti‐I. Absorption and elution experiments with selected erythrocytes show that all 22 sera contain separable anti‐I and anti‐i.
A Study of the Antibodies of the H'O‘I‐B Complex with Special Reference to Their Occurrence and Notation
Authors: Voak D. , Lodge T. W. , Hopkins Jean , Bowley C. C. 
Published: March 2009

Summary. Studies on seventy‐five sera containing antibodies of the H‘O’I‐B complex together with a survey of studies by other workers show that many of the antibodies formerly called anti‐‘O’ and some of those called anti‐H are in fact reacting with a joint product of the H and I genes.The serological specificities of these antibodies were shown by agglutination tests with cells of known H and I or B and I status, together with the use of neutralisation and absorption techniques. These tests revealed that many of the sera contain mixtures of antibody specificities.The occurrence of anti‐H‐HI antibodies is probably associated with pregnancy.An H notation based on that proposed by Wiener et al. is recommended for use in the classification of these antibodies.
Phytohemagglutinins – A Survey of Recent Progress
Authors: Dechary J. M. 
Published: March 2009

Summary. This paper is a review of recent articles by other investigators on phytohemagglutinins and is by necessity selective in nature.Previously known hemagglutinins of members of the family Leguminosae (Phaseolus, Soja) have been purified and some of their physical and chemical properties determined. The mitosis‐stimulating factor of P. vulgaris has been purified and the hemagglutinating component separated from it. Another member of Leguminosae (Wistaria) has been found to possess mitogenic and blastogenic properties and the pokeweed mitogen has been isolated and characterized.Concanavalin A, the nonspecific hemagglutinin of jack bean, has been highly purified and its quaternary structure determined. The determination of stereo‐chemical requirements for inhibition studies with hemagglutinins now provides a new tool for the solution of unresolved problems in carbohydrate identification and structure. Toxic proteins have been isolated from several members of the family Euphorbiacae. Ricin B, the toxic, nonhemagglutinating protein of the castor bean has been highly purified and some of its physical properties determined.
Hemolytic and Hemagglutinating Activities of 222 Plants
Authors: Hossaini A. A. 
Published: March 2009

Summary. The saline, the 30% albumin, and the enzyme Bromelin methods were used to detect the presence of hemagglutinins and hemolysins in the saline extracts of 222 plant seeds. Of these, 146 were non‐agglutinating, 56 agglutinating and 20 hemolytic. Of the 56 agglutinating lectins, one was of the specific type reacting with cells possessing blood group A1 antigen only, and 55 were non‐specific. Of the latter group, 33 failed to agglutinate cells suspended in saline. Twenty‐eight of these required the addition of bromelin while five required the addition of either albumin or bromelin. Of the 20 hemolytic extracts, 19 showed hemolytic activity by all three methods of testing, while one hemolyzed red cells only when bromelin was added. Attempts to find lectins of anti‐U, anti‐k, and anti Lub specificity failed.These results indicate that the enzyme technic is the most sensitive, followed by the albumin and saline methods.
Antigens on Human Fibroblasts Demonstrated with HL‐A Antisera and Anti‐Human Lymphocytic Sera
Authors: THORSBY E. , LIE S. 
Published: March 2009

Summary. Fibroblasts cultured from the skin of six persons were typed with cytotoxic iso‐antisera detecting several of the human HL‐A antigens. A nearly complete concordance with the outcome of lymphocyte‐typing of the same persons was found; HL‐A antigens are thus present on human fibroblasts. This signifies a wide distribution of HL‐A antigens in human tissues, and supports the conception of HL‐A antigens being important transplantation antigens in man.The fibroblasts were also examined with some heterologous anti‐human lymphocytic sera. It was found that these antisera were cytotoxic against human fibroblasts, which demonstrates lack of cell specificity in vitro of such antisera.
A Serum Agglutinin Inhibited by Ionized Calcium
Authors: Gunson H. H. 
Published: March 2009

Summary. Experiments have been carried out to determine the reactions and nature of a serum property which will agglutinate erythrocytes only when ionized calcium is absent from the reacting mixture. The agglutinin has the specificity of anti‐H, and appears to be a 19 S γM globulin.The calcium ion itself seems to be the inhibitory factor and presumably combines with the agglutinin molecule at its erythrocyte binding sites, but can be removed by the addition of salts which have the ability to chelate calcium.
Saline Anti‐Rh(D) and Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Authors: Hopkins D. F. 
Published: March 2009

Summary. The majority of Rh(D) negative immunised mothers have some saline agglutinating anti‐D in their sera during subsequent pregnancies. This saline antibody is related to a complex effect on the severity of haemolytic disease of the foetus: the stillbirth rate is reduced while the severity of disease among liveborn infants increases slightly with rising titres of saline anti‐D. Also, when the observed saline anti‐D titre is I the severity of disease is markedly incresed while the protective effect of saline anti‐D on the stillbirth rate fails to operate. The significance of this is discussed.Mothers of group A and especially group B are more liable to form saline anti‐D, while the severity of HDN increases if the mother is of group B or AB.
Direct Antiglobulin Consumption Test: Tests on Leucocytes and Platelets from Patients with Malignant Disease and Some Observations on Quantitation
Authors: Culley G. A. , Chalmers D. G. 
Published: March 2009

Summary. Using the direct antiglobulin consumption test the leucocytes and platelets of 50 patients suffering from disseminated malignant disease have been tested for the presence of a coating gamma globulin. There was a positive incidence of approximately 50%. In 15 control normal subjects no positive results were obtained.No relationship was found between the presence of the globulin and either the type of neoplasm, the amount of radiation or the amount of transfusion.Elution experiments carried out failed to establish whether the globulin has antibody properties or specificity.A comparison of different methods of antiglobulin consumption suggests that this test is not reliable for the quantitative assessment of fixed antibody globulin.
A New Variant in the ABO Blood Group System: Bh
Authors: Beranová Gerda , Prodanov P. , Hrubiško M. , ŠMálik S. 
Published: March 2009

Summary. The authors describe an assumed but hitherto undiscovered variant of incomplete ‘Bombay’ phenotype, designated as Bh, with partial suppression of the B antigen. The erythrocytes contain a very weak B antigen, at quantitative level B20; they are H‐negative and Lea‐positive. The serum contains anti‐A, anti‐B and anti‐H antibodies. The patient is a secretor of Lea and a non‐secretor of ABH. The quantitative and immunogenetic properties of the variant are discussed. It is supposed that the variant is the effect of the gene combinations Hxh, or HxHx at the Hh locus.We wish to thank the physicians attending the patient K. M., Dr. V. Kluge from Tatranská Kotlina and Dr. L. Dráč; from Vel'ký. Šariš for assistance in obtaining the necessary blood samples.
Mechanism of the Albumin Agglutination Phenomenon
Authors: Golde D. W. , McGinniss M. H. , Holland P. V. 
Published: March 2009

Summary. The albumin agglutination phenomenon is due to antibodies which cause agglutination of all human red cells when these cells are suspended in an albumin medium. Two sera with this property were studied. We suggest that the reaction is due to non‐specific adsorption of antigen‐antibody complex onto red cells. The antibody is a gamma globulin directed at albumin which has been altered by the addition of acetyl tryptophanate or caprylate. These chemicals are added as stabilizers in the manufacture of albumin to prevent denaturation when the albumin is heated.Since unaltered (native) albumin does not react with these antibodies, blood or plasma transfusion to patients with this serologic abnormality should present no unusual hazard. A non‐reactive albumin should be used in crossmatching blood for such patients. Therapeutic human serum albumin and plasma products containing stabilized albumin are probably contraindicated in these patients.