bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volatile constituents of Dorema aucheri Boiss., Seseli libanotis (L.) W. D. Koch var. armeniacum Bordz. and Conium maculatum L. three Umbelliferae herbs growing wild in Iran
Authors: Masoudi Shiva , Esmaeili Akbar , Ali khalilzadeh Mohammad , Rustaiyan Abdolhossein , Moazami Nasrin , Akhgar Mohammad Reza , Varavipoor Maryam 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe composition of the essential oils from three Umbelliferae species of Iran—Dorema aucheri Boiss., which is endemic to Iran, Seseli libanotis (L.) W. D. Koch var. armeniacum Bordz. and Conium maculatum L.—obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC[sol ]MS. α‐Eudesmol (31.2%) and δ‐cadinene (10.9%) were the main components among the 35 constituents characterized in Dorema aucheri, representing 89.2% of the total components detected. Twenty‐five compound were identified in the oil of Seseli libanotis, repesenting 90.6% of the total oil with acorenone (35.5%) as the major constituents. The oil of Conium maculatum was characterized by higher amount of germacrene D (46.1%), β‐caryophyllene (15.3%) and (E,E)‐α‐farnesene (10.1%) among the 17 components comprising 91.0% of the total oil detected. All oils were richer in sesquiterpenes than monoterpenes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diversity patterns of Carboniferous and Permian rugose corals in South China
Authors: Xiang‐Dong Wang , Xiao‐Juan Wang , Feng Zhang , Hua Zhang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe diversity and changing patterns of rugose corals in the Carboniferous and Permian of South China are analysed by statistical analyses of 45 families, 284 genera, and 1979 species from 14 consecutive time intervals. The ancestors of Carboniferous rugose corals originated early and underwent preliminary radiation in the late Famennian, but were eliminated by the Hangenberg global regressive event, which marks the Devonian—Carboniferous boundary. Radiation of typical Carboniferous rugose corals began in the late Tournaisian, when they were represented by an abundance of columellate taxa such asKueichouphyllumand a significant diversification ofKeyserlingophyllum. A decrease in the diversity of rugose genera occurred in the Serpukhovian, followed by a change in the composition of the rugose coral assemblages at the Mid‐Carboniferous Serpukhovian—Bashkirian boundary, where large dissepimented taxa with complex axial structures disappeared. In the Bashkirian the Serpukhovian taxa were replaced by compound rugosan taxa of the Geyerophyllidae, Kepingophyllidae and Waagenophyllidae. This compositional change was associated with a global regressive event, recognized in South China by the absence of upper Serpukhovian strata in many places and by several erosional surfaces in carbonate sequences in the Lower Yangtze region. This regressive event was probably caused by an episode of glaciation in Gondwana. Subsequent transgression occurred in South China during the early Bashkirian, where a wide, uniform shallow‐water platform developed in South China, on which were deposited tidal‐flat dolostone and pure limestone containing compound rugose corals. Another change in the rugose coral assemblages, at the Sakmarian‐Artinskian boundary, resulted in the absence from the Artinskian of representatives of typical Pennsylvanian and Early Permian families such as the Bothrophyllidae, Lithostrotionidae, Cyathopsidae, and Petalaxidae. Families uniquely typical of the Permian, characterized by Waagenophyllidae and Kepingophyllidae, dominate post‐Sakmarian strata. This faunal change may be related to a major, worldwide regression, recognized at the end of the Sakmarian. Extinction of rugose corals at the end of the Permian occurred in two phases in South China. The first phase occurred at the end of the Capitanian and eliminated 47% of the families and 45% of the genera. Extrusion of the Omeishan Basalt, which is widely distributed in the western part of South China, and/or a global regression at the end of the Guadalupian could be the principal causes of this first phase of mass extinction. The second phase, which occurred at the end of the Changhsingian and is the largest extinction event in Earth's history, eliminated all remaining rugose corals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of suitable immobilized metal chelates for adsorption of monoclonal antibodies against mutant amidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Martins Sónia , Andrade Jorge , Karmali Amin , Serralheiro Maria Luísa 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe chromatographic behaviour of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of IgM class against mutant (T103I) amidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated. The effect of ligand concentration, the length of spacer arm and the nature of metal ion were investigated on immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). MAbs against mutant amidase adsorbed to Cu (II), Ni (II), Zn (II), Co (II) and Ca (II)‐IDA agarose columns. The adsorption of MAbs onto immobilized metal chelates was pH dependent because an increase in the binding of MAbs was observed as the pH was raised from 6.0 to 8.0. The adsorption of MAbs to metal chelates was due to coordination of histidine residues which are available in the 3rd constant domain of heavy chain (CH3) of immunoglobulins since the presence of imidazole in the equilibration buffer abolished the adsorption of MAbs to the column packed with commercial IDA‐Zn(II) agarose at pH 8.0. The combination of tailor‐made stationary phases for IMAC and a correct choice of the adsorption conditions permitted to design a one‐step purification procedure for MAbs of IgM class. Culture supernatants containing MAbs of IgM class against mutant amidase (T103I) were chromatographed by IMAC Co (II) column at pH 8.0. The results strongly suggest that one‐step purification of MAbs of IgM class by IMAC is a cost‐effective and process‐compatible alternative to the other purification procedures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative palaeotemperature records inferred from fossil pollen and chironomid assemblages from Lake Gilltjärnen, northern central Sweden
Authors: Antonsson Karin , Brooks Stephen J. , Seppä Heikki , Telford Richard J. , Birks H. John B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPalaeotemperature reconstructions based on radiocarbon‐dated fossil pollen and chironomid stratigraphies obtained from Lake Gilltjärnen provide evidence of climate changes during the last 11 000 years in the boreal zone of northern central Sweden. The records show consistent trends during the early and mid‐Holocene, indicating low temperatures at 11 000–10 000 cal. yr BP, followed by a rising trend and a period of maximum values from about 7000 to 4000 cal. yr BP. At 3000 cal. yr BP the chironomid‐inferred temperature values rise abruptly, deviating from the late‐Holocene cooling trend indicated by the pollen‐based reconstruction and most of the other palaeotemperature records from central Scandinavia, probably as a result of local limnological changes in Lake Gilltjärnen and its catchment. Comparison of the present results with a lake‐level reconstruction from Lake Ljustjärnen, ca. 100 km southwest of Lake Gilltjärnen, shows that the low early‐Holocene temperatures were associated with high lake‐levels at 10 500–8500 cal. yr BP, whereas low lake‐levels and dry conditions prevailed during the period of high temperatures at between 7500 and 5000 cal. yr BP, probably due to high summer evapotranspiration and lower precipitation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insight into variability of apparent endoxylanase and endoxylanase inhibitor levels in wheat kernels
Authors: Dornez Emmie , Joye Iris J , Gebruers Kurt , Lenartz Jonathan , Massaux Carine , Bodson Bernard , Delcour Jan A , Courtin Christophe M 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe influence of wheat variety, harvest year and harvest date on the levels of wheat kernel‐associated endogenous and microbial endoxylanases and wheat endogenous endoxylanase inhibitors was investigated using ten winter wheat varieties grown in 2002 and 2003. Three of the varieties were harvested on five different dates in a 1 month period spanning the optimal harvest period. Introductory experiments indicated that endoxylanase activity was very heterogeneously distributed among the different wheat kernels, necessitating the use of relatively large amounts of kernels, i.e. 100 g, to obtain representative wholemeal samples. Apparent endoxylanase activities in these samples largely depended on variety and weather conditions prior to harvesting. In contrast, apparent endoxylanase inhibitor levels were less dependent on climatological circumstances and were mainly determined by genetic factors. The data derived from this study may contribute to explaining the differences observed in functionality between wheats. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Distribution Function and Thermodynamic Potentials of a Self‐Avoiding Chain
Authors: Drozdov Aleksey D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary:An explicit expression is derived for the distribution function of end‐to‐end vectors for a flexible self‐avoiding chain. Based on this relation, analytical formulas are developed for the free and internal energies of a chain with excluded‐volume interactions. Force–stretch relations are obtained at uniaxial tension and compression. The effects of strength of segment interactions on the shapes of the distribution function and the force‐displacement diagram, as well as on the mean‐square end‐to‐end distance and stiffness of a chain are studied numerically.The dimensionless distribution functionPversus the dimensionless end‐to‐end vectorQ*for self‐repellent chains with χ = 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6, from top to bottom, respectively.magnified imageThe dimensionless distribution functionPversus the dimensionless end‐to‐end vectorQ*for self‐repellent chains with χ = 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6, from top to bottom, respectively.
Centrosome abnormalities are frequently observed in non‐small‐cell lung cancer and are associated with aneuploidy and cyclin E overexpression
Authors: Koutsami MK , Tsantoulis PK , Kouloukoussa M , Apostolopoulou K , Pateras IS , Spartinou Z , Drougou A , Evangelou K , Kittas C , Bartkova J , Bartek J , Gorgoulis VG 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCentrosome abnormalities are observed in human cancers and have been associated with aneuploidy, a driving force in tumour progression. However, the exact pathways that tend to cause centrosome abnormalities have not been fully elucidated in human tumours. Using a series of 68 non‐small‐cell lung carcinomas and an array of in vitro experiments, the relationship between centrosome abnormalities, aneuploidy, and the status of key G1 to S‐phase transition cell‐cycle molecules, involved in the regulation of centrosome duplication, was investigated. Centrosome amplification and structural abnormalities were common (53%), were strongly related to aneuploidy, and, surprisingly, were even seen in adjacent hyperplastic regions, suggesting the possibility that these are early lesions in lung carcinogenesis. Cyclin E and E2F1 overexpression, but not p53 mutation, was observed to correlate with centrosome abnormalities in vivo (p = 0.029 and p = 0.015, respectively). This was further strengthened by the observation that cyclin E was specifically present in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of the cells that contained centrosome aberrations. The cytoplasmic cyclin E signal may be attributed, in part, to the presence of truncated low‐molecular‐weight isoforms of cyclin E. In order to isolate the effect of cyclin E on the appearance of centrosome abnormalities, a U2OS tetracycline‐repressible cyclin E cell line that has a normal centrosome profile by default was used. With this system, it was confirmed in vitro that persistent cyclin E overexpression is sufficient to cause the appearance of centrosome abnormalities. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust protein quantitation in chromatographic fractions using MALDI‐MS of tryptic peptides
Authors: Bublitz Renate , Kreusch Stefan , Ditze Günther , Schulze Margarete , Cumme Gerhard A. , Fischer Christine , Winter Adrienne , Hoppe Horst , Rhode Heidrun 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA method is introduced to evaluate protein concentrations using the height sum of all MALDI‐MS peaks that unambiguously match theoretic tryptic peptide masses of the protein sought after. The method uses native chromatographic protein fractionation prior to digestion but does not require any depletion, labeling, derivatization, or preparation of a compound similar to the analyte. All peak heights of tryptic peptides are normalized with the peak height of a unique standard peptide added to the MALDI‐MS samples. The sum of normalized peak heights, Sn, or the normalized mean peak height, Mn, reflects the concentration of the respective protein. For fractions containing various proteins, Sn and Mn can be used to compare concentrations of a protein between different fractions. For fractions with one predominating protein, they can be used to estimate concentration ratios between fractions, or to quantify the fractional protein concentration after calibration with pure protein solutions. Initial native fractionation retains the possibility to apply all conventional analytic procedures. Moreover, it renders the method relatively robust to MS mass accuracy. The method was validated with albumin, transferrin, α1‐antitrypsin, and immunoglobulin G within highly complex chromatographic fractions of pathological and normal sera, which contained the respective intact native protein in dominating as well as minor concentrations. The correlation found between Sn and the protein concentration as determined with ELISA showed that the method can be applied to select markers for distinguishing between normal and pathological serum samples.
Case histories and recent developments to improve safety assessments during process development
Authors: Khan A.A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPrevention of chemical processing disasters largely depends on assessment of thermal stability, mutual compatibility, and decomposition characteristics of materials used in the process. Such studies also facilitate a priori evaluation of vulnerability in operations and can be conveniently organized in the “process development studies” phase of the selected process. However, investigations conducted after the accidents invariably reveal that almost all the major incidents could have been avoided. This suggests an inadequate safety assessment and the vulnerability of a chosen process.Recent literature indicates that, in addition to the areas previously discussed, specific attention should be paid to the behavior of process materials under critical conditions.Quantification of a potential hazard, before an accident, often leads to modifications in design of the equipment and operating conditions, for example, to avoid serious accidents. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2006
Protein‐protein interaction screening with the Ras‐recruitment system
Authors: Kruse Claudia , Hanke Sabine , Vasiliev Sergey , Hennemann Hanjo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe fast paced progress in genomics yielded a multitude of novel identified genes. Therefore reliable and up scalable methods are required to identify the functions of the encoded proteins. By using protein‐protein interaction screening technologies, the function of many proteins has successfully been assigned, and proved in combination with other techniques. We describe the application of an in vivo screening system for protein‐protein interactions, the Ras‐recruitment system (RRS). The RRS has been used extensively to identify novel interaction partners, also in cases where common systems failed. Therefore we propose the RRS as a valuable alternative interaction screening method that can widely be used among protein classes and that has been further developed by our group into a high‐throughput screening system.
Maternal alcohol use disorder and offspring ADHD: disentangling genetic and environmental effects using a children-of-twins design
Authors: KNOPIK VALERIE S. , HEATH ANDREW C. , JACOB THEODORE , SLUTSKE WENDY S. , BUCHOLZ KATHLEEN K. , MADDEN PAMELA A. F. , WALDRON MARY , MARTIN NICHOLAS G. 
Published: May 2006

Background. Children of alcoholics are significantly more likely to experience high-risk environmental exposures, including prenatal substance exposure, and are more likely to exhibit externalizing problems [e.g. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)]. While there is evidence that genetic influences and prenatal nicotine and/or alcohol exposure play separate roles in determining risk of ADHD, little has been done on determining the joint roles that genetic risk associated with maternal alcohol use disorder (AUD) and prenatal risk factors play in determining risk of ADHD.Method. Using a children-of-twins design, diagnostic telephone interview data from high-risk families (female monozygotic and dizygotic twins concordant or discordant for AUD as parents) and control families targeted from a large Australian twin cohort were analyzed using logistic regression models.Results. Offspring of twins with a history of AUD, as well as offspring of non-AUD monozygotic twins whose co-twin had AUD, were significantly more likely to exhibit ADHD than offspring of controls. This pattern is consistent with a genetic explanation for the association between maternal AUD and increased offspring risk of ADHD. Adjustment for prenatal smoking, which remained significantly predictive, did not remove the significant genetic association between maternal AUD and offspring ADHD.Conclusions. While maternal smoking during pregnancy probably contributes to the association between maternal AUD and offspring ADHD risk, the evidence for a significant genetic correlation suggests: (i) pleiotropic genetic effects, with some genes that influence risk of AUD also influencing vulnerability to ADHD; or (ii) ADHD is a direct risk-factor for AUD.
EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE GENE CONTROL OF A SINGLE POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN: THE HEAVY CHAIN OF RABBIT IMMUNOGLOBULIN
Authors: Koshland Marian Elliott , Davis Judith J. , Fujita N. Joan 
Published: May 2006

To determine the chemical basis for rabbit heavy chain allotypes, amino acid analyses were carried out on IgG and IgM antibodies isolated from rabbits which were homozygous a1 or a3 for the γ chain locus and homozygous b4 for the light chain locus. The compositional differences between a1 and a3 IgM antibodies were found to be identical to those between their IgG counterparts. The identity of the allotypic amino acid replacements showed that the same genetic markers were present in the variable sequences of IgG and IgM heavy chains. Since the constant sequences of these heavy chains are controlled by different loci, these data demonstrated that rabbit heavy chains are coded by two separate germ-line genes, one producing the variable region and a second one of various genes producing the constant regions.
The use of two antibodies, antiazophenylarsonate and antiazophenyl-β-lactoside, permitted the compositions to be compared also on the basic of immunological specificity. The specificity amino acid replacements were found to be identical in the IgM and IgG heavy chains whether the two antibodies were isolated from and individual animal of a1 or a3 allotype. These results further support the conclusions of the allotype measurements that at least two genes code for the rabbit heavy chain.
PROPERTIES OF HALVES OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS
Authors: Karlsson F. Anders , Peterson Per A. , Berggård Ingemar 
Published: May 2006

Light polypeptide chains from both normal human γG immunoglobulin and Bence-Jones proteins can be cleaved into halves by limited proteolysis with trypsin, pepsin, or papain. The fragments were obtained in yields of up to 22 per cent, had molecular weights of 10,000 to 11,000, and were shown by amino acid analysis and antigenic analysis to correspond to variable or constant regions of light chains. Starch gel electrophoresis in urea suggested that each half consisted of a single polypeptide chain. A fragment from the urine of a myeloma patient corresponded almost exactly to the constant half of a γ-chain and had a compact shape (Stokes radius of 16 Å; frictional ratio of 1.1). Similar Stokes radii were estimated both on fragments from normal urine and fragments produced by proteolysis of normal light chains.
The results are consistent with the view that most urinary fragments have a catabolic origin and suggest that there is a small stretch of polypeptide chain between the compact V and C regions of light chains which is particularly susceptible to proteolysis. This lends support to the hypothesis that immunoglobulin chains consist of globular domains connected by more extended stretches of polypeptide chain.
Cytochalasin B: Effects upon Microfilaments Involved in Morphogenesis of Estrogen-Induced Glands of Oviduct
Authors: Wrenn Joan T. , Wessells Norman K. 
Published: May 2006

The administration of estrogen to immature chicks induces formation of tubular glands and differentiation of cells in the oviduct. As glands begin to form, organized bundles of 40-50 Å filaments appear at the luminal end of the cells. These structures are not present in uninduced oviducts. Cytochalasin treatment of oviducts early in gland formation results in the disappearance of young glands already present and the inhibition of new gland formation. Furthermore, organized microfilaments are no longer present. When the oviducts are washed free of cytochalasin, however, organized bundles of microfilaments reappear.
The correlations between the presence of filaments and formation and glands suggest that filaments are important agents in morphogenesis, presumably because of contractile properties which generate changes in cell shape and, consequently, tissue shape.
Loci Differentially Affected by Selection in Two American Black Populations
Authors: Blumberg Baruch S. , Hesser Jana E. 
Published: May 2006

The hypothesis that loci differentially affected by selection can be identified was tested by a comparison of two American black populations.
The hypothesis had previously been studied in Evans County, Georgia and the data from that study were compared with data obtained from the population of Sapelo Island, Georgia.

In both, gene frequencies for 21 polymorphic systems were determined. Estimates were made for 14 of these traits of the gene migration (
m
) from whites into these black populations, by use of the equation:
m
= (

q
n

-

q
Af

)/(

q
w

-

q
Af

), where

q
w
, q
n

, and

q
Af

are the frequencies of an allele in the white, black, and West African populations, respectively. In this calculation, it is assumed that the differences in gene frequencies between American blacks and Africans are due entirely to gene mixture. On this assumption, if only gene mixture were operating, the values of “
m
” determined for each locus would be about the same. If “
m
” has a different value at some loci than it has at others, then selection for traits controlled by genes segregating at these loci could account for this difference.

Values of “
m
” in both populations were scattered. These values were ranked for each population and the rank orders compared. There was a highly significant association between the rank order of loci in the two populations. This finding supports the hypothesis that loci differentially affected by selection can be identified, and that the selective forces have operated on the same loci in both populations.