bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent perceptions of social well‐being in children with special educational needs during COVID‐19: A mixed‐methods analysis
Authors: Osman Laila , Whitley Jess 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren's educational experiences worldwide have been significantly impacted as a result of global school closures during the COVID‐19 pandemic of Spring 2020. A growing number of studies aim to analyse impacts of these changes on social well‐being, with limited studies placing an emphasis on the experiences of students with special educational needs (SENs). This article focusses on parent perspectives regarding impacts of school closures on social well‐being in Canadian children with SEN.MethodsThis study uses a mixed‐methods approach, drawing from both qualitative and quantitative survey data from Spring/Summer 2020. Participants (n = 263) were eligible for participation if they were a parent/guardian of a child or adolescent with an SEN. We first conducted a descriptive analysis of the key variables, namely, social well‐being, grade level of the child, internet and device availability, and the presence of other school‐aged children in the home (single child vs. multiple children). Next, we explored the relationship between these using a bivariate correlation. Finally, open‐ended responses were analysed using an inductive approach to qualitative thematic analysis.ResultsThe majority of parents expressed concern for their child's social well‐being during the Spring 2020 school closures, with increased concerns for younger children. According to parents, children experienced communication barriers to peer interaction and many experienced emotional difficulties as a result. Technology was described as critical for some in maintaining social connections. Parents raised concerns about the impact of limited peer interaction on broader social skill development, in the short and long term. A small number of participants noted feelings of relief and reduced anxiety among their children with SEN.ConclusionsFindings highlight parent views of the negative impact of the pandemic on social well‐being and the critical role in‐person schooling plays in supporting peer relationships for children with SEN.
Expert teleconsultation involving patients and their primary neurologists for the management of multiple sclerosis in regions without specialists
Authors: Miyazaki Yusei , Ura Shigehisa , Horiuchi Kazuhiro , Matsuoka Takeshi , Houzen Hideki , Tsuzaka Kazufumi , Makino Yuichi , Koshida Manami , Oyama Genko , Sato Chika , Naganuma Ryoji , Amino Itaru , Akimoto Sachiko , Niino Masaaki , Minami Naoya , Takahashi Eri , Ota Susumu , Hattori Nobutaka , Yabe Ichiro , Kikuchi Seiji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the usefulness of our teleconsultation system for managing multiple sclerosis (MS) in regions without specialists.MethodsA cross‐sectional questionnaire survey involving 11 MS patients and their primary neurologists was carried out between May and December 2023. Real‐time video conferences were conducted between an MS specialist at a hub hospital and patients with their primary neurologists at one of the four regional core hospitals in Hokkaido, Japan. Patients and their primary neurologists completed questionnaires to evaluate the usefulness of the teleconsultation system.ResultsThe patients and their primary neurologists were generally satisfied with the teleconsultations and expressed willingness to continue using the system. In particular, alleviating the burden of visiting distant MS‐specialized clinics was highly appreciated by patients. In addition, patients gave high scores for questions regarding increased satisfaction with the primary neurologists' care and the treatments they offered. The primary neurologists thought the system enhanced their knowledge of MS management. However, they did not think that the system could ease their burden for managing MS patients because of challenges in time allocation and scheduling for teleconsultation sessions.ConclusionsThe present study suggested that our expert teleconsultation system for MS reduces the burden on patients of visiting distant MS‐specialized clinics, and enhances knowledge of MS management for the primary neurologists. It also promotes trust between patients and their primary neurologists, and taken together, these aspects could collectively lead to independent and sustainable MS management in regions without MS specialists.
Automatic sleep–wake classification and Parkinson's disease recognition using multifeature fusion with support vector machine
Authors: Shen Yin , Huai Baogeng , Wang Xiaofeng , Chen Min , Shen Xiaoyue , Han Min , Su Fei , Xin Tao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsSleep disturbance is a prevalent nonmotor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), however, assessing sleep conditions is always time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. In this study, we performed an automatic sleep–wake state classification and early diagnosis of PD by analyzing the electrocorticography (ECoG) and electromyogram (EMG) signals of both normal and PD rats.MethodsThe study utilized ECoG power, EMG amplitude, and corticomuscular coherence values extracted from normal and PD rats to construct sleep–wake scoring models based on the support vector machine algorithm. Subsequently, we incorporated feature values that could act as diagnostic markers for PD and then retrained the models, which could encompass the identification of vigilance states and the diagnosis of PD.ResultsFeatures extracted from occipital ECoG signals were more suitable for constructing sleep–wake scoring models than those from frontal ECoG (average Cohen's kappa: 0.73 vs. 0.71). Additionally, after retraining, the new models demonstrated increased sensitivity to PD and accurately determined the sleep–wake states of rats (average Cohen's kappa: 0.79).ConclusionThis study accomplished the precise detection of substantia nigra lesions and the monitoring of sleep–wake states. The integration of circadian rhythm monitoring and disease state assessment has the potential to improve the efficacy of therapeutic strategies considerably.
An open label pilot trial of low‐dose lithium for young people at ultra‐high risk for psychosis
Authors: Rice Simon M. , Nelson Barnaby , Amminger G. Paul , Francey Shona M. , Phillips Lisa J. , Simmons Magenta B. , Ross Margaret , Yuen Hok Pan , Yung Alison R. , O'Gorman Kieran , McGorry Patrick D. , Wood Stephen J. , Berger Gregor E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimLithium, even at low doses, appears to offer neuroprotection against a wide variety of insults. In this controlled pilot, we examined the safety (i.e., side‐effect profile) of lithium in a sample of young people identified at ultra‐high risk (UHR) for psychosis. The secondary aim was to explore whether lithium provided a signal of clinical efficacy in reducing transition to psychosis compared with treatment as usual (TAU).MethodsYoung people attending the PACE clinic at Orygen, Melbourne, were prescribed a fixed dose (450 mg) of lithium (n = 25) or received TAU (n = 78). The primary outcome examined side‐effects, with transition to psychosis, functioning and measures of psychopathology assessed as secondary outcomes.ResultsParticipants in both groups were functionally compromised (lithium group GAF = 56.6; monitoring group GAF = 56.9). Side‐effect assessment indicated that lithium was well‐tolerated. 64% (n = 16) of participants in the lithium group were lithium‐adherent to week 12. Few cases transitioned to psychosis across the study period; lithium group 4% (n = 1); monitoring group 7.7% (n = 6). There was no difference in time to transition to psychosis between the groups. No group differences were observed in other functioning and symptom domains, although all outcomes improved over time.ConclusionsWith a side‐effect profile either comparable to, or better than UHR antipsychotic trials, lithium might be explored for further research with UHR young people. A definitive larger trial is needed to determine the efficacy of lithium in this cohort.
The three‐species problem: Incorporating competitive asymmetry and intransitivity in modern coexistence theory
Authors: Ranjan Ravi , Koffel Thomas , Klausmeier Christopher A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile natural communities can contain hundreds of species, modern coexistence theory focuses primarily on species pairs. Alternatively, the structural stability approach considers the feasibility of equilibria, gaining scalability to larger communities but sacrificing information about dynamic stability. Three‐species competitive communities are a bridge to more‐diverse communities. They display novel phenomena while remaining amenable to mathematical analysis, but remain incompletely understood. Here, we combine these approaches to identify the key quantities that determine three‐species competition outcomes. We show that pairwise niche overlap and fitness differences are insufficient to completely characterize competitive outcomes, which requires a strictly triplet‐wise quantity: cyclic asymmetry, which underlies intransitivity. Low pairwise niche overlap stabilizes the triplet, while high fitness differences promote competitive exclusion. The effect of cyclic asymmetry on stability is complex and depends on pairwise niche overlap. In summary, we elucidate how pairwise niche overlap, fitness differences and cyclic asymmetry determine three‐species competition outcomes.
Selecting potential biomarkers of plasma proteins in mares with endometritis
Authors: Zhang Xijun , Mai Zhanhai , Gao Yujin , Zhao Xingxu , Zhang Yong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEndometritis is a common condition in mares that causes significant economic loss. Lacking obvious clinical signs, the clinical diagnosis of endometritis in mares relies on case‐by‐case clinical examinations, which can be particularly inefficient in large‐scale farms. Therefore, the identification of potential biomarkers can serve as a non‐invasive and efficient screening technique for endometritis in mares.ObjectivesTo compare the blood proteome between fertile mares and mares with endometritis to identify biomarkers potentially associated with the development of endometritis and validate their predictive potential.Study designObservational and experimental study.MethodsDifferentially expressed proteins were identified via Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) proteomic profiling in a screening cohort composed of eight healthy mares and eight mares with endometritis. Subsequently, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was employed that included a validation cohort of 40 healthy mares and 40 mares with endometritis to verify the accuracy and sensitivity of the identified proteins, thereby establishing a diagnostic threshold.ResultsIn the screening cohort, 12 proteins were significantly differentially expressed between endometritis mares and healthy controls (p < 0.05, outside the 1/1.2 to 1.2‐fold). In the validation experiment, all six screened proteins were assessed with area under the curve (AUC) >0.8.Main limitationsThe samples displayed certain levels of individual heterogeneity, and the number of samples analysed was limited. Additionally, the identified biomarkers were primarily associated with generalised inflammation, which potentially limited their specificity for endometritis.ConclusionLevels of plasma proteins are sensitive indicators of equine endometritis and potential tools for endometritis screening. In plasma, fetuin B, von Willebrand factor, vitamin K‐dependent protein C, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3, interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein, and type II cell cytoskeleton showed great predictive ability, with fetuin B being the best predictor (AUC = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89–0.98), which performs better when combined with all six detected proteins (AUC = 1, 95% CI: 0.99–1.00).
A simplified fixed‐time insemination protocol using frozen–thawed stallion spermatozoa stored at 17°C for up to 24 h before insemination
Authors: Morris Lee , Harteveld Ria , Gibb Zamira 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundInsemination of mares with frozen–thawed spermatozoa requires intensive management and results in 40%–60% per cycle pregnancy rates.ObjectivesTo determine if satisfactory fertility is possible for frozen–thawed semen after processing it through a microfluidic device, followed by storage at 17°C for up to 24 h before fixed‐time insemination.Study designUncontrolled field trials.MethodsA pilot study evaluated the motility of frozen–thawed spermatozoa after centrifugation and storage (17°C) in two different media for up to 48 h. Subsequently, the motility of frozen–thawed semen processed through a microfluidic device, resuspended in two different media during storage (17°C) for up to 24 h was evaluated. The fertility of frozen–thawed spermatozoa, after microfluidic sorting and storage at 17°C for up to 24 h, was evaluated after fixed‐time insemination in a commercial embryo programme. Experiment 1: Frozen–thawed spermatozoa (N = 5 stallions) were centrifuged and resuspended in Botusemen Gold™ or SpermSafe™ and stored (17°C) for up to 48 h. Sperm motility was evaluated by CASA at 0, 6, 24 and 48 h. Experiment 2: Frozen–thawed spermatozoa (N = 4 stallions) underwent microfluidic sorting and storage (17°C) for up to 24 h in both media. Sperm concentration and motility were evaluated at 0, 16 and 24 h. Experiment 3: Fertility of frozen–thawed spermatozoa (N = 3 stallions) was evaluated after insemination of 42 mare cycles at 6, 16 and 24 h after thawing, microfluidic sorting and storage before fixed‐time insemination.ResultsThe stallion significantly influenced sperm motility, but there was no effect of media on motility parameters. Storage time significantly affected sperm motility after centrifugation but not after microfluidic sorting. Storage time had no effect on the overall embryo recovery rate (52%, n = 42).Main limitationsField trial with small mare numbers and no control at time = 0 h.ConclusionsFixed‐time insemination of frozen–thawed spermatozoa after microfluidic sorting and storage at 17°C for up to 24 h produced satisfactory embryo recovery rates.
Topological constraint model of modified telluro‐vanadate glasses
Authors: Shearer Adam , Mauro John C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTopological constraint theory has emerged as a rapid, predictive method to quantify the relationship between structural rigidity and glass properties. Understanding the structure of telluro‐vanadate (TeO2–V2O5) glasses has remained difficult owing to their complex mixture of structural units. Here, we propose a topological model that accurately captures the glass structure and can be used to predict properties such as glass transition temperature and hardness. The experimentally obtained properties are in agreement with predicted properties by the model suggesting that this simplified structural model accurately describes the V2O5–TeO2 structure.
Moral Gratitude
Authors: Eskens Romy 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThere are many examples of persons who appear to be grateful to other people's benefactors. In at least some of these examples, such third‐party gratitude also seems fitting. However, these observations conflict with a widespread assumption in the philosophical literature about gratitude: that only beneficiaries can be fittingly grateful to benefactors. In this article, I argue that third‐party gratitude exists and can be fitting, and that the assumption is therefore mistaken. More specifically, I defend two claims: (i) that there exists a kind of gratitude to benefactors that is experienced by third parties in their capacities as moral agents (‘moral gratitude’); and (ii) that what makes this kind of gratitude fitting is the fact that, in benefitting the beneficiaries, the benefactors are responding to values that we, as moral agents, each have reason to care about and to want to see promoted.
Economic inequality, culture, and governance quality
Authors: Kyriacou Andreas P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe review work that has linked economic inequality and culture to governance quality. We start with contributions that have considered the relationship between inequality and governance from a long‐run perspective. This historical perspective yields a range of insights and helps identify the deep drivers of specific cultural traits that relate to both economic inequality and governance in contemporary societies. We then survey work that has linked inequality and culture to governance in present‐day settings. We identify the complexity of the relationships with causality between any pair of these variables running both ways. These causal patterns, in turn, imply that countries may end up in either a good equilibrium characterized by lower economic inequality, the “right” culture and good governance, or a bad equilibrium described by greater inequality, the “wrong” culture and bad governance. We conclude with a range of policy implications.
Inducing Shifts in Attentional and Preattentive Visual Processing Through Brief Training on Novel Grammatical Morphemes: An Event‐Related Potential Study
Authors: Xue Yuyan , Williams John 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCan brief training on novel grammatical morphemes influence visual processing of nonlinguistic stimuli? If so, how deep is this effect? Here, an experimental group learned two novel morphemes highlighting the familiar concept of transitivity in sentences; a control group was exposed to the same input but with the novel morphemes used interchangeably. Subsequently, both groups performed two visual oddball tasks with nonlinguistic motion events. In the first (attentional) oddball task, relative to the control group, the experimental group showed decreased attention (P300) to infrequent changes in the morpheme‐irrelevant dimension (shape) but not the morpheme‐relevant dimension (motion transitivity); in the second (preattentive) oddball task, they showed enhanced preattentive responses (N1/visual mismatch negativity) to infrequent changes in motion transitivity but not shape. Our findings show that increasing attention to preexisting concepts in sentences through brief training on novel grammatical morphemes can influence both attentional and preattentive visual processing.
‘My doctor self and my human self’: A qualitative study of physicians' presentation of self on social media
Authors: Maggio Lauren A. , Céspedes Lucía , Fleerackers Alice , Royan Regina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionWhen using social media, physicians are encouraged and trained to maintain separate professional and personal identities. However, this separation is difficult and even undesirable, as the blurring of personal and professional online presence can influence patient trust. Thus, it is necessary to develop policies and educational resources that are more responsive to the blurring of personal and professional boundaries on social media. This study aims to provide an understanding of how physicians present themselves holistically online to inform such policies and resources.MethodsTwenty‐eight US‐based physicians who use social media were interviewed. Participants were asked to describe how and why they use social media, specifically Twitter (rebranded as ‘X’ in 2023). Interviews were complemented by data from the participants' Twitter profiles. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis guided by Goffman's dramaturgical model. This model uses the metaphor of a stage to characterise how individuals attempt to control the aspects of the identities—or faces—they display during social interactions.ResultsThe participants presented six faces, which included professionally focused faces (e.g. networker) and those more personal in nature (e.g. human). The participants crafted and maintained these faces through discursive choices in their tweets and profiles, which were motivated by their audience's perceptions. We identified overlaps and tensions at the intersections of these faces, which posed professional and personal challenges for participants.ConclusionsPhysicians strategically emphasise their more professional or personal faces according to their objectives and motivations in different communicative situations, and tailor their language and content to better reach their target audiences. While tensions arise between these faces, physicians still prefer to project a rounded, integral image of themselves on social media. This suggests a need to reconsider social media policies and related educational initiatives to better align with the realities of these digital environments.
Estimation of load for tunnel lining in elastic soil using physics‐informed neural network
Authors: Wang G. , Fang Q. , Wang J. , Li Q. M. , Chen J. Y. , Liu Y. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA reverse calculation method termed soil and lining physics‐informed neural network (SL‐PINN) is proposed for the estimation of load for tunnel lining in elastic soil based on radial displacement measurements of the tunnel lining. To achieve efficient and accurate calculations, the framework of SL‐PINN is specially designed to consider the respective displacement characteristics of surrounding soil and tunnel lining. A multistep training method based on the meshless characteristics of SL‐PINN is established to promote calculation efficiency. The multistep training method involves increasing the number of collocation points in each calculation step while decreasing the learning rate after scaling of SL‐PINN. The feasibility of SL‐PINN is verified by numerical simulation data and field data. Compared to other inverse calculation methods, SL‐PINN has lower precision requirements for the measurement instrument with the same level of calculation accuracy.
To bite the hand that feeds you: A case of thrombotic microangiopathy due to Tiger snake bite
Authors: Hughes William , Blair Susan , Rose Hannah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis report details the case of a 51‐year‐old man with a Tiger snake bite who developed systemic envenomation, coagulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) requiring renal replacement therapy. He received plasma exchange as additional therapy while awaiting confirmation of the cause of the TMA. We discuss clinical decision making in detection of systemic envenomation and management of the rare complication of TMA, as well as current Australian guidelines around antivenom administration. This is the fourth known documented case of TMA from a Tiger snake bite in Australia.
Instantaneous Q10 of night‐time leaf respiratory CO2 efflux – measurement and analytical protocol considerations
Authors: Bruhn Dan , Povlsen Peter , Gardner Anna , Mercado Lina M. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe temperature sensitivity (e.g. Q10) of night‐time leaf respiratory CO2 efflux (RCO2) is a fundamental aspect of leaf physiology. The Q10 typically exhibits a dependence on measurement temperature, and it is speculated that this is due to temperature‐dependent shifts in the relative control of leaf RCO2. Two decades ago, a review hypothesized that this mechanistically caused change in values of Q10 is predictable across plant taxa and biomes. Here, we discuss the most appropriate measuring protocol among existing data and for future data collection, to form the foundation of a future mechanistic understanding of Q10 of leaf RCO2 at different temperature ranges. We do this primarily via a review of existing literature on Q10 of night‐time RCO2 and only supplement this to a lesser degree with our own original data. Based on mechanistic considerations, we encourage that instantaneous Q10 of leaf RCO2 to represent night‐time should be measured: only at night‐time; only in response to short‐term narrow temperature variation (e.g. max. 10°C) to represent a given midpoint temperature at a time; in response to as many temperatures as possible within the chosen temperature range; and on still attached leaves.