bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal properties of PCL/gluten bioblends characterized by TGA, DSC, SEM, and infrared‐PAS
Authors: Mohamed Abdellatif , Finkenstadt V. L. , Gordon Sherald H. , Biresaw Girma , Palmquist Debra E. , Rayas‐Duarte P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractComposites of polycaprolactone (PCL) and vital wheat gluten (VG) were extruded, injection‐molded, and analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope, and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR). Neat PCL sample was cooled down to −70°C and heated to 150°C, where a glass transition (Tg) emerged at −67.0°C [0.20 J/(g °C)] followed by a melting transition at 56.6°C. At the end of the heating cycle, a cooling cycle started, where the same sample exhibited crystallization transition at 30.1°C. VG exhibited a Tg at 63.0°C [0.45 J/(g °C)]. Data analysis of TGA showed a one‐step degradation mechanism of neat PCL versus multiple steps for the composites, indicating similar molecular structure and physical properties of neat PCL unlike the composites. In nitrogen environment versus air, the degradation activation energy (Ea) of the composites has increased at higher VG levels. From the DSC and TGA data, it is apparent that some physical interaction between PCL and VG was present. The FTIR analysis verified the physical nature of this interaction as opposed to chemical interaction. Proteinase degradation activity on the extruded composites was much higher than the injection‐molded as indicated by higher weight loss in the extruded samples. Published 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Accelerated ageing of polypropylene stabilized by phenolic antioxidants under high oxygen pressure
Authors: Richaud Emmanuel , Farcas Fabienne , Fayolle Bruno , Audouin Ludmila , Verdu Jacques 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) samples stabilized by a hindered phenol (Irganox 1010) were submitted to thermal ageing at 80°C in air at atmospheric pressure or in pure oxygen at 5.0 MPa pressure. Both the polymer oxidation and the stabilizer consumption were monitored by Infrared spectrometry and thermal analysis. The stabilizer efficiency, as assessed by the ratio induction time/stabilizer concentration is almost constant at atmospheric pressure even when the stabilizer concentration is higher than its solubility limit in PP (0.4% or 24 × 10−3 mol L−1). In contrast, at high pressure, the efficiency decreases almost hyperbolically with the stabilizer concentration when this latter is higher than 6.0 × 10−3 mol L−1. The results indicate the existence of a direct phenol‐oxygen reaction negligible at low oxygen pressure but significant at 5.0 MPa pressure. The reality of this reaction has been proved on the basis of a study of the thermal oxidation of a phenol solution in a nonoxidizable solvent. A kinetic model of PP oxidation in which stabilization involves three reactions has been proposed. It simulates correctly the effect of oxygen pressure and stabilizer concentration on carbonyl build‐up and stabilizer consumption. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Grafting and phosphonic acid functionalization of hyperbranched polyamidoamine polymer onto ultrafine silica
Authors: Punyacharoennon Phairat , Charuchinda Sireerat , Srikulkit Kawee 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this study, grafting of hyperbranched polyamidoamine (PAMAM) polymer onto ultrafine silica followed by functionalization via the introduction of phosphonic acid groups into the branch ends was performed. First, an initiating site was incorporated into the silica surface by reacting the silica silanol group with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane, producing amino‐functionalized silica. The free amine group content was altered by varying the ratio of methanol to water in the hydrolysis step of the silanization reaction. Grafting of PAMAM was attained by three rounds of sequential Michael addition of silica amino groups to methyl acrylate and amidation of the resulting terminal methyl ester groups with ethylenediamine. Completion of the grafting reaction in each step was clearly confirmed using FTIR analysis. Excessive ethylenediamine and unattached hyperbranched PAMAM present in the reaction product were removed by dialysis with a molecular weight cutoff of 6000–7000 Daltons. However, the amino group content determined in each step was found to be significantly lower than theoretically expected, perhaps indicative of side reactions and, in later stages, steric hindrance. The resultant hyperbranched PAMAM‐grafted onto silica was functionalized by phosphorylation of the terminal amino groups by a Mannich type reaction, producing the phosphorylated hyperbranched PAMAM‐grafted silica. Then its application on cotton fabric to produce fire‐retardant cellulose was tentatively investigated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Influence of polarity on the preferential intercalation behavior of clay in immiscible polypropylene/polystyrene blend
Authors: Zhu Yan , Xu Yuzhen , Tong Lifang , Xu Zhongbin , Fang Zhengping 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe immiscible polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) blend was prepared via melt compounding and the preferential intercalation behavior of clay was investigated by wide angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that the clay platelets initially located in the PS phase in PP/PS/Clay composites and PS chains intercalated into the clay layers. However, all clay migrated from the PS phase to the modified PP phase after introducing polar maleic anhydride group (MAH) to PP chains. Interestingly, most of clay migrated from the modified PP phase to the modified PS phase again when PS matrix was modified with sulfonic group, and some enriched in the interphase region. The interaction energy density (B) of the blends was determined by combining the melting point variation with the ternary interaction model for heat of mixing. It was found that the value of B decreased with the introduction of polar group (MAH or sulfonic group), indicating that the polarization of PP and PS can enhance interaction between clay platelet and polymer component. Different interaction between clay platelet and polymer component leads to the preferential intercalation behavior. The higher polarity of the polymer generates higher interaction between clay and polymer component as well as results in stronger preferential intercalating ability. Moreover, the results of FTIR spectra after extraction of all samples gave additional explanation of the preferential intercalation behavior of clay in the immiscible PP/PS blends. On the basis of the results of the measurement mentioned above, a possible mechanism was proposed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Properties of copolymers of aspartic acid and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids prepared by reactive extrusion
Authors: Shogren Randal L. , Willett J. L. , Westmoreland David , Gonzalez Sergio O. , Doll Kenneth M. , Swift Graham 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAspartic acid is prepared chemically or by the fermentation of carbohydrates. Currently, low molecular weight polyaspartic acids are prepared commercially by heating aspartic acid at high temperatures (>220°C) for several hours in the solid state. In an effort to develop a more rapid, continuous, melt polymerization scheme, aspartic acid was copolymerized with adipic, azelaic, sebacic, and dodecanedioic acids using a vented twin‐screw extruder. Copolymers having ratios of aspartic/diacid ≤16 andMwup to 9100 were prepared at temperatures of 240–260°C and residence times of only about 5 min.Mwgenerally increased with aspartic/diacid ratio but melt viscosities became very high and processing became difficult at ratios >16. Most of the copolymers exhibited inhibition of calcium carbonate precipitation at concentrations similar to that of pure polyaspartic acid and thus may find application as antiscalants. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Modeling of the propylene polymerization catalyzed by single‐/multi‐active site catalyst: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Luo Zheng‐Hong , Wang Wei , Su Pei‐Lin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn the present study, a model is established to describe the propylene polymerization kinetics catalyzed by the typical catalysts with single‐/multi‐active site type in a liquid phase stirred‐tank reactor using the Monte Carlo simulation method, regardless of the mass and heat diffusion effects within the polymer particles. Many kinetic data, including polypropylene yield, concentration transformation of catalyst active sites, number–average molecular weight, etc., are obtained by the model. The simulated kinetic results are found to be in agreement with the reference ones obtained in a population balance model. Furthermore, the comparisons of the kinetic data between the polymerization catalyzed by the catalyst with single‐active site type (typically silica‐supported metallocene) and the catalyst with multi‐active site type (typically MgCl2‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalyst) have been studied using the model. Especially, the effects of hydrogen on the polymerization are studied using the model. The studied results show that the theory of catalyst active site can be used to explain the different propylene polymerization kinetics catalyzed by the typical catalyst with single‐/multi‐active site type. In addition, the role of hydrogen in the propylene polymerization needs to be emphasized. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
A Δ9 Desaturase from Bombus lucorum Males: Investigation of the Biosynthetic Pathway of Marking Pheromones
Authors: Matoušková Petra , Luxová Anna , Matoušková Jana , Jiroš Pavel , Svatoš Aleš , Valterová Irena , Pichová Iva 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe knowledge of the molecular basis of communication in bumblebee communities is limited. None of the enzymes that participate in pheromone production have been characterized. Here, we cloned the gene encoding the Δ9 desaturase from cDNA prepared from the total RNA of the pheromone gland and fat bodies of Bombus lucorum male. Functional expression of BlucNPVE desaturase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and GC‐MS analyses revealed its preference for C18 saturated fatty acids. This suggests that Δ9 desaturase is involved in the desaturation of metabolic fatty acids stored in triacylglyceroles (TAGs), because oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid bound in TAG in B. lucorum and it is present in low concentration in the pheromone blend. The incubation of pheromone precursors with a dissected labial gland as well as direct injection of labelled pheromone substrates into B. lucorum males revealed that esterification of pheromone products occurs in the labial gland. These results support both the biosynthesis of pheromones from common lipids and the de novo synthesis of unsaturated pheromones in the labial gland.
Synthesis of Anti‐Microtubule Biaryls and Preliminary Evaluation as Vascular‐Disrupting Agents
Authors: Joncour Agnès , Liu Jian‐Miao , Décor Anne , Thoret Sylviane , Wdzieczak‐Bakala Joanna , Bignon Jérôme , Baudoin Olivier 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA series of new dibenzoxepines were synthesized in a straightforward and efficient manner through diastereoselective biaryl Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and Brønsted‐acid‐mediated cyclodehydration as key steps. The vascular‐disrupting potential of these molecules was evaluated with various in vitro assays: inhibition of microtubule assembly, antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines and normal endothelial cells, modification of endothelial cell morphology, and disruption of endothelial cell cords. Two of these compounds showed promising activities in these assays, with profiles similar to that of the reference drug NAC and markedly different from that of colchicine. Altogether, these results show that dibenzoxepines represent promising new leads for the development of more selective vascular‐disrupting agents.
Reconstruction‐oriented multigrid finite element algorithm on bioluminescence tomography incorporating priori information
Authors: Shi Jin , Tian Jie , Xu Min 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBioluminescence tomography (BLT) is employed to reconstruct internal bioluminescent source to reveal the molecular and cellular information. However, BLT faces many challenges such as quantitative reconstruction. In this paper, a reconstruction–oriented multigrid finite element algorithm is proposed to fully reconstruct the source density. A source permissible region is utilized to raise the numerical stability. The proposed algorithm transfers diffuse equation into liner relationship between the inner source and boundary information on a mesh. A tolerant algorithm for linearly constrained optimization algorithm can solve the box‐constrained quadratic optimization problem. By setting a threshold as the average reconstruction densities, we can refine every possible source element and form next mesh until the reconstructed densities are accepted. Numerical simulation of homogeneous and heterogeneous phantom demonstrates the feasibility and potential of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous evaluation of viability and Bcl‐2 in small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Santos A. , Sarmento‐Ribeiro A. B. , de Lima M. C. Pedroso , Simões S. , Moreira J. N. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWhen designing molecular targeted therapeutic strategies against cancer, it is important to correlate protein expression and cell viability. However, such goal can be difficult if performed in separate assays, especially when only a fraction of cells has been efficiently transfected. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish a flow cytometry procedure to assess simultaneously Bcl‐2 protein level and viability in small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Viability assessment was performed by staining cells with Annexin V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and 7‐aminoactinomycin D (7‐AAD). Intracellular detection of Bcl‐2 was carried out by immunodetection with monoclonal antibodies. Regarding viability determination, the FSC/7‐AAD plot identifies the same percentage of viable cells as the FSC/Annexin V‐FITC plot, although with greater sensitivity. The procedures involving cells' fixation with 1% paraformaldehyde and permeabilization with digitonin, required for intracellular Bcl‐2 immunostaining did not compromise the association of 7‐ADD (nor Annexin V‐FITC) previously incubated with SCLC cells. It was therefore possible to simultaneously assess cell viability and Bcl‐2 protein in SCLC cells. A simple, sensitive, and versatile procedure was established for the first time for the simultaneous evaluation of cell viability and intracellular detection of Bcl‐2 in SCLC. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Selection of human antibody fragments directed against tumor T‐cell epitopes for adoptive T‐cell therapy
Authors: Willemsen Ralph , Chames Patrick , Schooten Erik , Gratama Jan Willem , Debets Reno 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAdoptive transfer of antigen‐specific T‐cells has shown therapeutic successes in the treatment of tumors in patients with metastatic melanoma. Tumor antigen‐specific T‐lymphocytes, however, occur only at low frequencies in a small proportion of patients. This low T‐lymphocyte frequency together with the difficulties associated with in vitro generation of T‐lymphocytes specific for cancers other than melanoma hampers adoptive T cell therapy. To make adoptive T‐cell therapy more uniformly applicable, strategies were developed at transferring tumor‐specificity to primary human T‐lymphocytes via antibody (Ig) or T‐cell receptor (TCR) molecules. We exploited the selection power of phage display that allows for the testing of tens of billions of individual clones with a high‐throughput selection of Fabs with peptide/MHC complex binding capacity. Following in vitro selection, human “TCR‐like” Fab fragments have been functionally expressed on human T‐lymphocytes, resulting in MHC‐restricted, tumor‐specific lysis and cytokine production. Currently, we have extended our selections to a panel of class I and II MHC‐restricted MAGE and other tumor‐specific epitopes, and would like to propose that phage display represents a technology able to expand T‐cell therapy to numerous tumor types. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Duplex high‐throughput flow cytometry screen identifies two novel formylpeptide receptor family probes
Authors: Young Susan M. , Bologa Cristian M. , Fara Dan , Bryant Bj K. , Strouse Juan Jacob , Arterburn Jeffrey B. , Ye Richard D. , Oprea Tudor I. , Prossnitz Eric R. , Sklar Larry A. , Edwards Bruce S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOf recent, clinical interest have been two related human G‐protein coupled receptors: formylpeptide receptor (FPR), linked to antibacterial inflammation and malignant glioma cell metastasis; and FPR like‐1 (FPRL1), linked to chronic inflammation in systemic amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, and prion diseases. In association with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Molecular Library Screening Network, we implemented a flow‐cytometry‐based high‐throughput screening (HTS) approach for identifying selective small molecule FPR and FPRL1 ligands. The screening assay measured the ability of test compounds to competitively displace a high‐affinity, fluorescein‐ labeled peptide ligand from FPR, FPRL1, or both. U937 cells expressing FPR and rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cells expressing FPRL1 were tested together in a “duplex” format. The U937 cells were color coded with red‐fluorescent dye allowing their distinction during analysis. Compounds, cells, and fluorescent ligand were sequentially combined (no wash) in 15 μl assay volumes in 384‐well plates. Throughput averaged ∼11 min per plate to analyze ∼4,000 cells (∼2,000/receptor) in a 2 μl aspirate from each well. In primary single concentration HTS of 24,304 NIH Small Molecule Repository compounds, 253 resulted in inhibition >30% (181 for FPR, 72 for FPRL1) of which 40 had selective binding inhibition constants (Ki) ≤ 4 μM (34 for FPR and 6 for FPRL1). An additional 1,446 candidate compounds were selected by structure–activity‐relationship analysis of the hits and screened to identify novel ligands for FPR (3570‐0208, Ki = 95 ± 10 nM) and FPRL1 (BB‐V‐115, Ki = 270 ± 51 nM). Each was a selective antagonist in calcium response assays and the most potent small molecule antagonist reported for its respective receptor to date. The duplex assay format reduced assay time, minimized reagent requirements, and provided selectivity information at every screening stage, thus proving to be an efficient means to screen for selective receptor ligand probes. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Kremer L. C. M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Flint A, New K, Davies NW. Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD005092. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005092.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Commentary and Summary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Kremer L. C. M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Douglas RM, Hemilä H, Chalker E, Treacy B. Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000980. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub3.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Commentary and Summary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Kremer L. C. M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Henderson‐Smart DJ, Cools F, Bhuta T, Offringa M. Elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review 2007, Issue 3. Art. No.2. CD000104.DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000104.pub2Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Commentary and Summary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for depressive disorders in children and adolescents’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Offringa M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Hetrick SE, Merry S, McKenzie J, Sindahl R, Protctor M. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for depressive disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004851. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004851.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Commentary and Summary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘School‐based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse’
Authors: Gallagher Bernard 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Zwi KJ, Woolfenden SR, Wheeler DM, O'Brein TA, Tait P, Williams KW. School‐based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004380. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004380.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘School‐based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse’
Authors: Milne Andrea 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Zwi KJ, Woolfenden SR, Wheeler DM, O'Brein TA, Tait P, Williams KW. School‐based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004380. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004380.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration