bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-harm in adolescents: self-report survey in schools in Scotland
Authors: O'Connor Rory C. , Rasmussen Susan , Miles Jeremy , Hawton Keith 
Published: December 2008

BackgroundThe suicide rate in Scotland is twice as high as that in England. However, the prevalence of self-harm is unknown.AimsTo determine the prevalence of self-harm in adolescents in Scotland and the factors associated with it.MethodA total of 2008 pupils aged 15–16 years completed an anonymous lifestyle and coping survey. Information was obtained on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, life events and problems, social influences, psychological variables and self-harm.ResultsSelf-harm was reported by 13.8% of the respondents. The majority (71%) of those who had self-harmed had done so in the past 12 months and girls were approximately 3.4 times more likely to report self-harm than boys. In multivariate analyses, smoking, bullying, worries about sexual orientation, self-harm by family and anxiety were associated with self-harm in both genders. In addition, drug use, physical abuse, serious boy/girlfriend problems, self-harm by friends and low levels of optimism were also associated with self-harm in girls.ConclusionsDespite markedly different national suicide rates, the prevalence of self-harm in Scotland is similar to that in England with girls at least three times more likely to report self-harm than boys. The findings suggest a role for emotional literacy programmes in schools and highlight the importance of promoting positive mental health among adolescents.
Patients' views and readmissions 1 year after involuntary hospitalisation
Authors: Priebe Stefan , Katsakou Christina , Amos Tim , Leese Morven , Morriss Richard , Rose Diana , Wykes Til , Yeeles Ksenija 
Published: December 2008

BackgroundLittle is known about the long-term outcome of involuntary admissions to psychiatric hospitals.AimsTo assess involuntary readmissions and patients' retrospective views of the justification of the admission as 1-year outcomes and to identify factors associated with these outcomes.MethodSocio-demographic data and readmissions were collected for 1570 involuntarily admitted patients. Within the first week after admission 50% were interviewed, and of these 51% were re-interviewed after 1 year.ResultsAt 1 year, 15% of patients had been readmitted involuntarily, and 40% considered their original admission justified. Lower initial treatment satisfaction, being on benefits, living with others and being of African and/or Caribbean origin were associated with higher involuntary readmission rates. Higher initial treatment satisfaction, poorer initial global functioning and living alone were linked with more positive retrospective views of the admission.ConclusionsPatients' views of treatment within the first week are a relevant indicator for the long-term prognosis of involuntarily admitted patients.
3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM): A New Player on the Thyroid Endocrine Team?
Authors: Scanlan Thomas S. 
Published: December 2008

3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) is an endogenous compound with chemical features that are similar to thyroid hormone. T1AM has a carbon skeleton identical to that of T4 and contains a single carbon-iodine bond. Theoretically, T1AM could be produced from T4 by enzymatic decarboxylation and deiodination. Recent studies show that T1AM and higher iodinated thyronamines are subject to similar metabolic processing as iodothyronines such as T4, suggesting a biological linkage between iodothyronines and iodothyronamines. In addition, single doses of T1AM administered to rodents induce a hypometabolic state that in certain ways resembles hibernation and is opposite to the effects of excess T4. This review will discuss the latest developments on this recently discovered thyroid hormone derivative.3-Iodothyronamine is a biologically active, endogenous derivative of thyroid hormone that may represent a new arm of the thyroid endocrine system.
Risk of Fractures with Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors or Tricyclic Antidepressants
Authors: Ginzburg Regina , Rosero Enma 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the literature associating the risk of fracture during antidepressant therapy. DATA SOURCES Literature was identified via MEDLINE (1970–August 2008) using the search terms selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, antidepressants, and fracture. Reference citations from publications identified were also reviewed. All articles in English identified from the data sources were evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are generally prescribed over other classes of antidepressants because they are considered to be relatively safer. Recent evidence, however, suggests that SSRIs may be associated with an increased risk of fractures. Thirteen clinical studies were identified in the literature search (7 case controls, 5 prospective cohorts, 1 cross-sectional). Most studies compared SSRIs with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and found similar or greater risk of fracture associated with use of an SSRI. This risk appeared to be highest at the beginning of therapy with TCAs and eventually diminished. SSRI risk tended to increase slightly over time. No risk was seen with other classes of antidepressants. However, the number of patients using antidepressants was low. CONCLUsIONs There may be a possible correlation with SSRI or TCA use and risk of fracture. Prospective, randomized controlled trials with sufficient patient samples are needed to verify this finding.
Judges' Cognition and Market Order
Authors: Arruñada Benito , Andonova Veneta 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
We argue that during the crystallization of common and civil law in the 19th century, the degree of discretion in judicial rulemaking, albeit influenced by the comparative advantages of both legislative and judicial rulemaking, was mainly determined by the anti-market biases of the judiciary. The different degrees of judicial discretion in both legal traditions were thus adapted to different circumstances, mainly the unique, market-friendly, evolutionary transition enjoyed by English common law as opposed to the revolutionary environment of the civil law. On the Continent, constraining judicial discretion was essential for enforcing freedom of contract and establishing a market economy. The long-term confluence of both branches of the Western legal system towards lesser freedom of contract is explained as a consequence of increased perceptions of exogenous risks and changes in the political system. These favored the adoption of sharing solutions that interfered with market-supporting institutions and removed the cognitive advantage of parliaments and political leaders.
Twenty-Third Annual Conference of the European Association of Law & Economics, Madrid, Spain
Authors: Garoupa Nuno , Schäfer Hans-Bernd 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The 23rd Annual Conference of the European Association of Law and Economics (EALE) was held September 14-16, 2006 in Madrid, Spain. Five papers have survived a strictly anonymous refereeing procedure of the highest standard as the ones to be published here in the Review of Law and Economics.
The Use of the Monte Carlo Method to Determine Optical Parameters of Tissue
Authors: Domański Grzegorz , Konarzewski Bogumił , Pawłowski Zdzisław , Zaremba Krzysztof , Marzec Janusz , Trybuła Artur , Kurjata Robert 
Published: December 2008

The Use of the Monte Carlo Method to Determine Optical Parameters of Tissue
The paper presents the use of the Monte Carlo method to determine the optical parameters of tissue from steady-state diffuse reflectance measurements.
Ionisation Chambers Containing Boron as Neutron Detectors in Mixed Radiation Fields
Authors: Gryziński Michał , Tulik Piotr , Zielczyński Mieczysław 
Published: December 2008

Ionisation Chambers Containing Boron as Neutron Detectors in Mixed Radiation Fields
The paper presents a newly designed ionisation chambers containing boron, operated in the initial recombination regime. The chambers were either filled with BF3 or the chamber electrodes were covered with B4C. The chambers can be placed in paraffin moderators. The sensitivity of the chambers was investigated depending on gas pressure, moderator thickness and polarizing voltage. The results showed that it was possible to obtain nearly the same sensitivity of the chamber to H* (10) for photons and neutrons in restricted energy range, however further investigations are needed to make an optimum design. The examples of applications for dosimetric measurements in mixed radiation fields near medical linear accelerator and in the vicinity of high-energy proton accelerator are presented.
Implementation of Impedance Method in Syncope Treatment
Authors: Pęczalski Kazimierz , Wojciechowski Dariusz , Dunajski Zbigniew , Pałko Tadeusz 
Published: December 2008

Implementation of Impedance Method in Syncope Treatment
Current syncope treatment by cardiac pacing is limited to patients developing cardiodepressive reaction. There is strong need to apply this method to other types of reaction. Presented method shows, that impedance method can be applied for early detection of vasodepressive syncope. Thus the method can be applied for antivasovagal pacing in syncopic patients.
Monte Carlo Calculations of Selected Dose Components in a Head Model for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Tymińska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2008

Monte Carlo Calculations of Selected Dose Components in a Head Model for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy is a very promising form of cancer therapy, consisting in irradiating a stable isotope of boron (10B) concentrated in tumor cells with a low energy neutron beam. This technique makes it possible to destroy tumor cells, leaving healthy tissues practically unaffected. In order to carry out the therapy in the proper way, the proper range of the neutron beam energy has to be chosen.
In this paper we present the results of the calculations, using the MCNP code, aiming at studying the energetic dependence of the absorbed dose from the neutron capture reaction on boron (the therapeutic dose), and hydrogen and nitrogen (the injuring dose).
Analysis of Calibration Coefficients of Plane-Parallel Markus Type Ionization Chambers Calibrated in Co-60 and Electron Beams
Authors: Bulski Wojciech , Ulkowski Piotr , Gwiazdowska Barbara 
Published: December 2008

Analysis of Calibration Coefficients of Plane-Parallel Markus Type Ionization Chambers Calibrated in Co-60 and Electron Beams
The Polish Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory is part of the IAEA/WHO network of such laboratories. The SSDLs are usually not equipped with accelerators generating high energy electron beams for calibration of dosimeters. The access to medical accelerators is seriously limited due to the heavy patient load. Therefore attempts are made to use Co-60 beams for calibration of plane parallel chambers and calculate the calibration coefficients for other radiation quality, the high energy electron beam.
The Markus ionization chambers, most frequently used in Poland, were analyzed in this study. The material was composed of 36 plane parallel chambers, from 20 radiotherapy centers in Poland, calibrated at the Polish SSDL during the period of 2003-2006. Before actual calibration, a number of chamber parameters were tested: long term stability, dark current, chamber sensitivity, non-linearity of dosimeter readings. Each chamber was calibrated in two different radiation beams: a) Varian 2300 accelerator 22 MeV electron beams, beam output 1.2 cGy/MU at 300 MU/min; b) Co-60 Theratron 780/403 unit with a Cobalt-60 source of 155700 GBq (4208 Ci) activity as of 6.01.2006. A reference dosimeter Keithley Instruments Inc. 6517-A with cylindrical ionization chambers Nuclear Enterprises Technology Limited type 2571 was used as the reference standard. The methods of IAEA Code of Practice for Dosimetry TRS 398 were adopted. The long term stability was analyzed on basis of calibration coefficients of 23 Markus chambers calibrated several times during the period 1994-2002.
Very small differences in calibration coefficients were detected between the two calibration methods used. They ranged between -0.3 to +0.5%, the mean value being 0.1%. A very good long term stability of calibration coefficients of Markus chambers, related to the mean value over the 7 year period, ranging between -0.5 to +0.3%, was recorded.
Very small differences in the results for the two calibration methods, confirmed by small standard deviations observed, indicate that these two calibration methods in the case of Markus-type plane parallel chambers may be used alternatively.
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Phulbari Upazila of Dinajpur District, Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Zashim , Hassan Md Abul , Sultana Mahmuda 
Published: January 2009

Ethnobotanical survey in Phulbari Upazila of Dinajpur district has revealed a total of 86 species used as medicinal plants by the Santal community. Santal names, part/s used as medicine and diseases to be treated with each plant have been presented. A number of threats to medicinal plants and their habitats have been identified and some measures have also been recommended for the conservation of medicinal plants and their habitats in the area. Key words: Ethnobotanical survey, threats and conservation, Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v13i1.596 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(1): 63-68, 2006 (June)
Bryophyte flora of Greater Mymensingh District of Bangladesh - Class : Bryopsida
Authors: Banu-Fattah Khurshida , Sarker Sujan Kumer 
Published: January 2009

The Greater Mymensingh District, particularly the hilly areas are rich in bryophyte flora. The present paper on Bryopsida is based upon primary as well as secondary data collection and includes an account of 51 species under 35 genera, 21 families and nine orders. A short description of each species with locations, dates of collections and name of collectors are provided. Key words: Bryophytes, Bryopsida, Mosses, Mymensingh District, Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v14i1.522 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 14(1): 47-66, 2007 (June)
New records of phytoplankton for Bangladesh: <i>Phacus</i>, <i>Lepocinclis</i> and <i>Pteromonas</i>
Authors: Alfasane Md. Almujaddade , Khondker Moniruzzaman 
Published: January 2009

Not available. Key words: New records, Phytoplankton, Lepocinclis, Phacus, Pteromonas DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v14i2.535 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 14(2): 167-169, 2007 (December)
Nine new taxa and a new combination in Lauraceae from India and Myanmar
Authors: Gangopadhyay M. 
Published: January 2009

Nine new taxa belonging to the genera Actinodaphne Nees, Beilschmiedia Nees, Cinnamomum Schaeff. and Cryptocarya R. Br. of the family Lauraceae are described and illustrated from India and Myanmar. One new combination of the family has also been appended.Â Keywords:Â New taxa, Actinodaphne, Beilschmiedia, Cinnamomum, Cryptocarya, New combination, Potameia tirunelvelica, LauraceaeÂ DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v15i2.1739Â Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 15(2): 89-106, 2008 (December)Â
Une institution musicale entre repli et implication politique : le quotidien de l'Opéra de Paris pendant la guerre de 1870 et sous la Commune
Authors: Cohen Déborah 
Published: December 2008

Cet article interroge avant tout la notion d’institution musicale pour décrire une tension entre la volonté de repli sur une logique propre à l’institution et l’implication de fait dans une sphère politique. Durant la période politiquement troublée qui va de la chute de l’Empire à la solidification de la République versaillaise sur les ruines de la Commune, l’Opéra de Paris a tenté de préserver, individuellement et collectivement, la continuité d’un monde qui se veut à part et s’est délibérément placé hors du champ politique, affirmant, contre tous les aléas, la nécessité d’une continuité qui se traduit par une volonté de reprendre les répétitions, de préserver l’unité et les hiérarchies internes, de ne pas bouleverser le répertoire. Mais, si la République en guerre s’occupa finalement assez peu de remodeler un Opéra symboliquement associé aux fastes de l’Empire, la Commune a tenté de construire du nouveau et de faire rentrer cette institution à part dans la sphère politique commune : contre cette volonté, il n’y eut pas d’affirmation politique ferme ou d’opposition construite, mais la résistance passive d’un corps constitué qui n’est politique qu’à force de vouloir ne pas l’être.
La politique de la transcendance : l'idéologie dans la musique d'Olivier Messiaen dans les années 1930
Authors: Fulcher Jane F. 
Published: December 2008

A la différence de la plupart des études consacrées au jeune Messiaen et au mouvement Jeune France, qui s’en tiennent le plus souvent à une approche musicologique ou à l’analyse du contexte politique ou religieux qui les entourèrent, cet article met l’accent sur la façon dont Messiaen et Jeune France se sont situés par rapport aux grands courants idéologiques et esthétiques des années 1930. Après avoir évoqué les principales sensibilités esthétiques et politiques qui s’exprimèrent au sein du Front populaire comme dans les mouvements qui lui étaient le plus opposés, l’article s’arrête sur les positions esthétiques et politiques prises par la jeunesse « non-conformiste ». Il met enfin en évidence l’impact de ce dernier mouvement sur Messiaen et met au jour les différents niveaux qui composent le style catholique « progressiste » du compositeur.
Musicographes réactionnaires des années 1930
Authors: Gumplowicz Philippe 
Published: December 2008

Musicographes prolifiques, André Cœuroy et Hugues Panassié ont occupé une place centrale dans les milieux de la musique savante et du jazz des années 1930. Publiés dans des revues qu’ils ont créées ou animées, certains de leurs écrits ont été prescriptifs dans le domaine du goût musical. D’autres, plus tardifs, leur ont valu l’appellation de « réactionnaires », autrement dit, une discrétisation définitive. Cet article propose un réexamen de leurs textes. Il remarque que leur profil politique – idéologiquement marqué à droite – a été la condition d’une ouverture aux avant-gardes et à une vision large de leur discipline. Il situe leurs positions dans un contexte intellectuel marqué par le sentiment du déclin (décadence morale, déclin de l’Occident) et une apparition de musiques, de langages et de sensibilités nouvelles. Il s’efforce de repérer les liens logiques – intellectuels et historiques – qui pourraient expliquer leur basculement dans une position indéfendable. Il s’inscrit enfin dans une réflexion assez nouvelle sur une analyse politique du goût musical.
L'invention du « grand répertoire ».
Authors: Pedler Emmanuel 
Published: December 2008

Comme le montre Edward W. Said, Aïda représente pour Verdi – du fait d’une première et exemplaire inscription de son œuvre dans un contexte international – un tournant dans sa carrière. Prenant à revers de nombreux musicologues qui ont tenté de découper l’œuvre verdienne en « manières », suggérant l’existence de changements esthétiques majeurs et l’avènement d’une maturité musicale et expressive – souvent placée du reste plus tard avec l’écriture d’Ottello et Falstaff –, Said montre l’importance que revêtent le contexte et les perspectives de la composition de cet opéra, créé au Caire. Si les pages que consacre Edward W. Said à Aïda restent décisives et d’une grande acuité, on a peut-être insuffisamment tiré les conséquences de la lecture politique qu’il propose. A partir de la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale, le répertoire français – très tourné vers une culture franco-française de l’opéra pendant près d’un siècle – s’est marginalisé au sein du répertoire international dont les canons s’usinent alors. L’opéra italien du XIXe siècle jusqu’alors connu en France, mais non reconnu et adopté, fait alors son entrée, introduit par la carrière internationale de Aïda. Écrire l’histoire de l’émergence du répertoire lyrique et contemporain – dont le répertoire est d’une étonnante stabilité depuis les années 1920 et 1930 – est encore une tâche hors de portée. Nous voudrions plus modestement, par une analyse liminaire, poser quelques jalons afin d’esquisser quelques articulations de cette histoire et de l’histoire politique du théâtre lyrique ( XIXe - XXe siècle).
La construction historique de la femme employée de bureau au Japon
Authors: Minako Konno 
Published: December 2008

Se fondant sur le cas des femmes employées de bureau, cet article étudie comment le lieu de travail japonais s’est construit et métamorphosé sur la base d’une différenciation sexuelle, de l’ère Meiji jusqu’à aujourd’hui. La nature sexuée du lieu de travail japonais est souvent considérée comme originale comparée aux autres pays industrialisés. Bien qu’elle soit souvent vue comme le résidu d’une « discrimination traditionnelle vis-à-vis des femmes », une étude historique plus attentive révèle que la différenciation sexuelle fut en fait une construction historico-sociale en constante évolution. Les catégories « homme » et « femme » étaient, dans le monde du travail de bureau précédant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, vagues, ambivalentes et fragmentées. C’est la période de la guerre qui leur donna clairement forme en déterminant les fonctions et rangs des hommes sur la base d’un principe commun : le mari subvenant seul aux besoins de sa famille. Ainsi, à la fin de période de la haute croissance, les catégories « homme » et « femme » étaient devenues porteuses de sens totalement différents. La réorganisation radicale des entreprises japonaises en cours actuellement semble cependant affaiblir le modèle de l’homme subvenant seul aux besoins de sa famille, rendant les identités sexuelles au travail à nouveau plus fluides. L’objectif de notre article est de montrer que la construction historique de la division sexuelle du travail fut partie prenante d’un véritable processus de modernisation, c’est-à-dire d’une réponse de l’État à la question sociale posée par l’industrialisation, cette réponse devant être compatible avec une certaine idéologie politique et sociale et des objectifs de développement économique. Après la guerre, ce qui fut qualifié, par le Parti Libéral Démocrate au pouvoir, de « société de bien-être à la japonaise » (nihonteki fukushi shakai) reprenait, dans un cadre politique plus démocratique, un certain nombre de principes de solidarité sociale fondés sur la norme de la femme au foyer déjà définis dans le cadre du projet « corporatiste » conçu avant 1945.
L'inégalité homme-femme au cœur de la segmentation du marché du travail japonais ?
Authors: Arai Misako , Lechevalier Sébastien 
Published: December 2008

Dans cet article, on se propose d’évaluer les changements intervenus dans les inégalités hommes-femmes depuis le début de la crise contemporaine au Japon. Pour ce faire, on procède tout d’abord à une mise en perspective historique du différentiel de salaire entre les hommes et les femmes depuis les années 1950. Ensuite, on passe en revue deux types d’interprétations contradictoires, positive et négative, de l’évolution depuis le début des années 1990, qu’on ne peut réconcilier qu’en prenant en compte l’évolution globale du marché du travail et des inégalités, marquée respectivement par une montée du chômage et une « resegmentation » du marché du travail suivant de nouvelles lignes de clivage. Enfin, on propose une tentative de conceptualisation, en intégrant le genre dans l’analyse du rapport salarial japonais. Cela permet en retour de comprendre les limites de l’évolution contemporaine et de préciser les enjeux d’une politique d’égalité hommes-femmes digne de ce nom.