bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidized, bioactive implants are rapidly and strongly integrated in bone. Part 1 – experimental implants
Authors: Sul Young‐Taeg , Jeong Yongsoo , Johansson Carina , Albrektsson Tomas 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives: The study presented was designed to investigate the speed and the strength of osseointegration of oxidized implants at early healing times in comparison which machined, turned implants.Material and methods: Screw‐shaped titanium implants were prepared and divided into two groups: magnesium ion incorporated, oxidized implants (Mg implants, n=10) and machined, turned implants (controls, n=10). Mg implants were prepared using micro‐arc oxidation methods. Surface oxide properties of implants such as surface chemistry, oxide thickness, morphology/pore characteristics, crystal structures and roughness were characterized with various surface analytic techniques. Implants were inserted into the tibiae of ten New Zealand white rabbits. After a follow‐up period of 3 and 6 weeks, removal torque (RTQ), osseointegration speed (ΔRTQ/Δhealing time) and integration strength of implants were measured. Bonding failure analysis of the bone‐to‐implant interface was performed.Results: The speed the and strength of osseointegration of Mg implants were significantly more rapid and stronger than for turned implants at follow‐up periods of 3 and 6 weeks. Bonding failure for Mg implants dominantly occurred within the bone tissue, whereas bonding failure for turned implants mainly occurred at the interface between implant and bone.Conclusions: Oxidized, bioactive implants are rapidly and strongly integrated in bone. The present results indicate that the rapid and strong integration of oxidized, bioactive Mg implants to bone may encompass immediate/early loading of clinical implants.
German short forms of the Oral Health Impact Profile
Authors: John Mike T. , Miglioretti Diana L. , LeResche Linda , Koepsell Thomas D. , Hujoel Philippe , Micheelis Wolfgang 
Published: July 2006

Abstract –  Objectives:  We report the development and psychometric evaluation of short forms of the Oral Health Impact Profile German version (OHIP‐G) ‐ an instrument to assess oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).Methods:  A five‐item short form was developed using best subset regression in 2050 subjects from a national survey. Two 14‐item versions were derived from English‐language short forms and a 21‐item version from previous factor analytic work. A second sample from the general population (n = 163) and a sample of clinical patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD; n = 175) were used to investigate validity and internal consistency. Test‐retest reliability was evaluated in 30 prosthodontic patients before treatment. Responsiveness was assessed in 67 patients treated for their TMD pain.Results:  Associations between short form summary scores and self‐report of oral health and four oral disorders in the general population and in TMD patients were interpreted as support for convergent/groups validity. The instruments’ responsiveness (effect measures of 0.55–0.98), test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients: 0.72–0.87), and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.65–0.92) were sufficient.Conclusions:  Sufficient discriminative and evaluative psychometric properties of short forms of the OHIP‐G make the instruments suitable to assess OHRQoL in cross‐sectional as well as longitudinal studies.
A community study on the relationship between stress, coping, affective dispositions and periodontal attachment loss
Authors: Ng Sam K. S. , Keung Leung W. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract –  Background:  Psychological factors may increase the risk for periodontal diseases. Contemporary conceptualization of the stress process supports the evaluation of stress at three levels: stressors, moderating and mediating factors, and stress reactions.Objective:  This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship of periodontal disease in terms of clinical attachment level (CAL) to psychosocial stress, making reference to the major components of stress process.Methods:  A cross‐sectional study of 1000 subjects aged 25–64 years in Hong Kong was conducted. Subjects were asked to complete a set of questionnaires measuring stressors including changes, significant life event and daily strains, stress reactions including physiological and affective responses, and coping and affective dispositions. CAL was assessed.Results:  Individuals with high mean CAL values had higher scores on the job and financial strain scales than periodontally healthy individuals (P < 0.05), after adjusting for age, gender, cigarette smoking and systemic disease. Depression, anxiety trait, depression trait, problem‐focused coping, and emotion‐focused coping were also related to CAL. Logistic regression analysis indicated that all these factors were significant risk indicators for periodontal attachment loss, except problem‐focused coping, which reduced the odds of CAL. Individuals who were high emotion‐focused copers, low problem‐focused copers, trait anxious, or trait depressive had a higher odds of more severe CAL.Conclusion:  Chronic job and financial strains, depression, inadequate coping, and maladaptive trait dispositions are significant risk indicators for periodontal attachment loss. Adequate coping and adaptive trait dispositions, evidenced as high problem‐focused coping and low anxiety/depression trait, may reduce the stress‐associated odds.
Multilevel analysis of group‐randomized trials with binary outcomes
Authors: Kim Hae‐Young , Preisser John S. , Gary Rozier R. , Valiyaparambil Jayasanker V. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract – Objectives: Many dental studies have assessed the effectiveness of community‐ or group‐based interventions such as community water fluoridation. These cluster trials, of which group‐randomized trials (GRTs) are one type, have design and analysis considerations not found in studies with randomization of treatments to individuals (randomized controlled trials, RCTs). The purpose of this paper is to review analytic methods used for the analysis of binary outcomes from cluster trials and to illustrate these concepts and analytical methods using a school‐based GRT.Methods: We examine characteristics of GRTs including intra‐class correlation (ICC), their most distinctive feature, and review analytical methods for GRTs including group‐level analysis, adjusted chi‐square test and multivariable analysis (mixed effect models and generalized estimating equations) for correlated binary data. We consider two‐ and three‐level modeling of data from a cross‐sectional cluster design. We apply the concepts reviewed using a GRT designed to determine the effect of incentives on response rates in a school‐based dental study. We compare the results of analyses using methods for correlated binary data with those from traditional methods that do not account for ICC.Results: Application of traditional analytic methods to the dental GRT used as an example for this paper led to a substantial overstatement of the effectiveness of the intervention.Conclusions: Ignoring the ICC among members of the same group in the analysis of public health intervention studies can lead to erroneous conclusions where groups are the unit of assignment. Special consideration is needed in the analysis of data from these cluster trials. Randomization of treatments to groups also should receive more consideration in the design of cluster trials in dental public health.
An analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology found in adults over a 30‐year period
Authors: Jones A. V. , Franklin C. D. 
Published: July 2006

Background:  The aim of this study was to determine the range of histologically diagnosed lesions in 44 000 oral and maxillofacial pathology specimens, from adults 17 years and older, submitted for diagnosis to our laboratory over a 30‐year period (1973–2002).Materials:  All entries for specimens from the patients were retrieved and compiled into 12 diagnostic categories.Results:  During the period, 44 007 specimens comprised a male‐to‐female ratio of 0.9:1. The diagnostic category with the largest number of specimens was mucosal pathology (36.0%) followed by odontogenic cysts (13.8%). Malignant tumours accounted for 5.4% of all specimens and benign tumours 4.6%.Conclusion:  This survey showed that while the majority of diagnoses are benign, approximately one in 19 cases required major head and neck surgery for malignant disease.
Prostaglandin F2αUpregulates Uterine Immune Defenses in the Presence of the Immunosuppressive Steroid Progesterone
Authors: Lewis Gregory S. , Wulster‐Radcliffe Meghan C. 
Published: July 2006

ProblemUterine infections often develop in some livestock species during the first luteal phase postpartum. Exogenous prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) induces luteolysis, reduces progesterone, and enables the uterus to resolve infections. However, the effects of PGF2αon luteal function and on immune functions are confounded. These effects must be disentangled to determine whether alternatives to antibiotic treatments can be successfully developed.Method of studyTreatments were in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Main effects were ovariectomy or sham on day 0 (i.e. estrus), exogenous progesterone or sesame oil from day 0 to 11, and exogenous PGF2αor saline on day 9. Intrauterine inoculations withArcanobacterium pyogenesandEscherichia coliwere administered on day 6.ResultsEwes treated with exogenous PGF2αeither did not have uterine infections, infections were less severe, or infections were resolving when uteri were examined on day 12, despite increased progesterone.ConclusionsExogenous PGF2αhas effects on the resolution of uterine infections that are independent of its effects on luteal progesterone production.
Consanguinity in Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders; the Report from Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry
Authors: Rezaei Nima , Pourpak Zahra , Aghamohammadi Asghar , Farhoudi Abolhassan , Movahedi Masoud , Gharagozlou Mohammad , MirSaeid Ghazi Bahram , Atarod Lida , Abolmaali Kamran , Mahmoudi Maryam , Mansouri Davoud , Arshi Saba , Tarash Naser Javaher , Sherkat Roya , Amin Reza , Kashef Sara , Hosseini Reza Farid , Mohammadzadeh Iraj , Shabestari Mehrnaz Sadeghi , Nabavi Mohammad , Moin Mostafa 
Published: July 2006

ProblemPrimary Immunodeficiency Disorders (PiD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders, with different modes of inheritance. This study was accomplished in order to determine the frequency of consanguineous marriages in the families of patients with PiD.MethodIn this study, the records 515 Iranian PiD patients were reviewed during a 25‐year period.ResultsThe mean proportion of consanguineous marriages was 65.6% among PiD patients, while the overall rate was 38.6% in the country. The rate of consanguinity was 77.8% in cellular immunodeficiencies, 75.8% in combined immunodeficiencies, 72.5% in defects of phagocytic function, 58.6% in other immunodefiiencies, 54.1% in predominantly antibody deficiencies, and 50% in complement deficiencies. Moreover all patients with immunodeficiency associated with other diseases had consanguineous parents. Such marriages were most common in the parents of patients with Chediak‐Higashi syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiencies, primary CD4 deficiency, ataxia‐telangiectasia, seletive IgG class deficiencies, chronic granulomatous disease, and Schwachman syndrome.ConclusionsIt is important to inform the general population about the dangers of consanguinity, which is very common in some areas such as Iran. Premarital examination to avoid genetic diseases could be suggested, especially in a community where the rate of consanguineous marriage is high.
Oral malodour and its association with age and sex in a general population in Brazil*
Authors: Nadanovsky P , Carvalho LBM , Ponce de Leon A 
Published: July 2006

Aim:  To assess the prevalence of persistent oral malodour in a general population in Rio de Janeiro and to find out whether sex and age are risk factors for this condition.Methods:  This was a cross‐sectional survey in which university students (informants) were interviewed regarding the prevalence of persistent oral malodour in their households. To estimate the effects of sex and age logistic regression models with and without random effects for the informant were applied.Results:  The prevalence of persistent oral malodour was 15% (95% confidence interval: 11–19). The risk of persistent malodour was nearly three times higher in men than in women, regardless of age. The risk was slightly more than three times higher in people over 20 years of age compared with those aged 20 years or under, controlling for sex.Conclusions:  Oral malodour is common in Rio de Janeiro, more prevalent in men and in those over 20 years of age, in both sexes.Clinical relevance of the findings:  Freedom from disabling oral malodour is an outcome indicator of social well‐being. Health professionals in general, and dentists in particular, should be trained to appropriately manage and treat people who suffer from persistent oral malodour.
Oral complication risks after invasive and non‐invasive dental procedures in HIV‐positive patients
Authors: Campo J , Cano J , Del Romero J , Hernando V , Rodríguez C , Bascones A 
Published: July 2006

Background:  Limited published scientific evidence is available to provide guidance to clinicians on possible increased risks of invasive oral procedures associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of the patient. The aim of this study was to assess post‐procedural complications in patients infected with HIV.Material and methods:  This was a retrospective cross‐sectional study of the records of 101 consecutive HIV patients treated at the School of Dentistry of Madrid Complutense University and Sandoval STD Clinic in Madrid between January 2003 and February 2005. Data were gathered by an experienced dental practitioner using a structured epidemiological questionnaire for information on gender, age, HIV transmission category, medical history, hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection and other diseases, TCD4+ and TCD8+ count, HIV viral load (VL), platelet count, neutrophil count, international normalized ratio and haemoglobin level; tobacco and alcohol intake, highly active antiretroviral treatment and presence of oral lesions. Information was also collected on complications related to dental treatment (invasive or non‐invasive) during the previous 6 months. Chi‐squared test and Fisher's exact test were used to establish statistical significance.Results:  Data were gathered on 314 dental procedures in 101 patients. The overall complication rate was 2.2% (7/314); in 147 invasive procedures, seven complications (4.8%) were documented (one persistent pain, two prolonged bleeding, three infections, one bone sequestrum) including extractions, periodontal scaling, endodontic treatment and biopsy. No differences were found in TCD4+, TCD8+, platelet count, HBV or HCV co‐infections or HIV VL between patients with and/or without complications. Patients with complications were mainly in B stage of HIV disease (P = 0.020). Oral lesions and smoking habit >20 cig day−1 were documented in 83.3% (P = 0.086) and 50% (P = 0.060), respectively, of patients with complications.Conclusions:  The complication rate was 2.2% overall and 4.8% after invasive dental procedures. Presence of oral lesions, smoking habit or HIV clinical stage B may be predictive factors for oral complications in HIV patients. No relationship was found between complications and virological, immunological or other laboratory values. Studies with wider samples and negative control group are warranted to confirm the absence of an association between HIV positivity and higher risk of oral complications.
Nerve growth factor concentration in human saliva
Authors: Nam J‐W , Chung J‐W , Kho H‐S , Chung S‐C , Kim Y‐K 
Published: July 2006

Objective:  The aims of this study were to measure the normal concentration of nerve growth factor (NGF) in healthy human saliva and to investigate the effects of age and gender differences on saliva NGF level.Materials and methods:  Resting whole, stimulated parotid, and stimulated submandibular/sublingual saliva were collected from 127 healthy volunteers with ages ranging from 20 to 81 years. The saliva NGF concentration was measured by enzyme immunoassay.Results and conclusions:  The mean concentrations of NGF were 901.4 ± 75.6 pg ml−1 in resting whole saliva, 885.9 ± 79.9 pg ml−1 in stimulated parotid saliva, and 1066.1 ± 88.1 pg ml−1 in stimulated submandibular/sublingual saliva. The stimulated submandibular saliva showed lower NGF concentrations with increasing age (ρ = −0.296, P = 0.001). The NGF concentrations of resting whole saliva (P = 0.025) and stimulated parotid saliva (P = 0.005) were significantly higher in women than men. The NGF concentration of stimulated submandibular saliva was significantly higher than stimulated parotid saliva (P = 0.005) and significantly correlated with stimulated parotid saliva NGF level (ρ = −0.244, P = 0.008). We found measurable concentrations of NGF in all three sources of saliva; the concentration was affected by the source for the stimulated parotid and submandibular saliva, age for stimulated submandibular saliva, and gender difference for resting whole saliva and stimulated parotid saliva.
Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1/tissue type plasminogen activator ratio in oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Yang S‐F , Hsieh Y‐S , Tsai C‐H , Chen Y‐J , Chang Y‐C 
Published: July 2006

Objective:  Plasminogen activators and their inhibitors are thought to be key participants in the balance of proteolytic and antiproteolytic activities that regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. However, little is known about the expression of plasminogen/plasmin system at the site of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).Methods:  We compared the activities of tissue type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) between fibroblasts derived from normal buccal mucosa and OSF by using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, was challenged with normal buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) to elucidate whether the activities of t‐PA and PAI‐1 could be affected by arecoline.Results:  Both t‐PA and PAI‐1 were found to be increased in OSF than in BMFs (P < 0.01). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in PAI‐1/t‐PA ratio between OSF and BMF (P < 0.01). The addition of arecoline upregulated not only PAI‐1, but also t‐PA in BMFs (P < 0.05). In addition, the ratio between PAI‐1 and t‐PA was found to be significantly increased by a linear regression assay (P < 0.01).Conclusion:  These results suggest that OSF caused by areca quid chewing may be the result of an imbalance in the plasminogen/plasmin system, the net result of which is increased deposition of ECM.
Non‐smoking and non‐drinking patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a distinct population
Authors: Farshadpour F , Hordijk GJ , Koole R , Slootweg PJ 
Published: July 2006

Objective:  To recognize specific clinicopathological characteristics of non‐smoking and non‐drinking (NSND) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. This can increase our knowledge regarding a potentially different carcinogenesis in these patients.Study design/methods:  Retrospective analysis of data for 195 NSND patients with HNSCC and comparison with data for patients with HNSCC obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry.Results:  Compared with all HNSCC patients in the Netherlands, our NSND patients with HNSCC were typically female (n = 142; 73%vs 26%), old at disease presentation (mean 73 years vs 64 years), and had tumors mainly of the oral cavity (n = 130; 66%vs 25%). Most tumors were stage I (n = 67; 34%) and stage IVA (n = 59; 30%). The incidence of second primary tumors (SPTs) was high (n = 32; 16%), mainly occurring in the oral cavity (n = 26; 13%).Discussion/conclusion:  Our study confirms that NSND HNSCC patients have different clinicopathological characteristics from those of the overall HNSCC population; however, the frequency of SPTs is as high in NSND patients as in patients who smoke and drink alcohol. More research, and particularly molecular data are needed to obtain a better understanding of head and neck cancer in NSND patients.
The effect of nitrogen status on the regulation of plant‐mediated proteolysis in ingested forage; an assessment using non‐nodulating white clover
Authors: Kingston‐Smith A.H. , Bollard A.L. , Minchin F.R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractProduction of nitrogenous waste by livestock agriculture is a significant environmental concern in terms of pollution of land and water. In the rumens of cattle and sheep, the excessive proteolysis which contributes to inefficiency of nutrient use involves both the rumen microbial population and the intrinsic plant proteases that can mediate protein degradation in ingested fresh forage on exposure to the environmental stresses of the rumen. Here, white clover (Trifolium repens) plants that do not form root nodules, and so are dependent on nitrate supplied to the roots, have been used to determine how nitrogen status of the plant affects the rate of plant‐mediated proteolysis in forage under conditions that simulate ingestion by grazing ruminants. Plants were grown from seed and supplied with nutrient solution containing 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10 mM nitrate. Protein, free amino acid and protease activity were determined in leaves which had been placed in an in vitro system designed to simulate conditions experienced in the rumen (anaerobic phosphate buffer maintained at 39°C in the dark). Foliar protein content increased with increasing nitrate supply, while in vitro incubation of leaves resulted in time‐dependent decreases in protein concentration and increases in amino acid concentration. Regardless of nitrate supply, 50% of the protein was degraded in 6 h and 80% after 24 h. As the extent of protein decrease was determined by initial protein content, more protein degradation occurred in those plants grown with the highest nitrate supply: after 6 h, 130.7 mg g−1 dry matter (DM) was degraded in leaves grown at 10 mM nitrate but only 52.3 mg g−1 DM in leaves grown at 2.5 mM nitrate. Hence, although the percentage of proteolysis is independent of foliar protein concentration, the latter is critical to the quantity of protein degraded. Heat‐stable serine and cysteine proteases were active throughout the term of the in vitro incubation. Although proteolysis in ingested forage can continue for many hours, mediated by heat‐stable proteases, maximum amino acid accumulation accounted for less than 40% of initial protein. Therefore, it is proposed that continued and extensive proteolysis occurs following leaf excision and exposure to rumen conditions because amino acid accumulation is insufficient to initiate those feedback systems which sense cytoplasmic amino acid concentration and prevent excessive proteolysis during normal source–sink relations.