bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Incentive Contracts With Bonus Caps
Authors: Chi Chang Koo , Olsen Trond E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article investigates contracts between two risk‐neutral parties with bounded bonus payments. If the available signal about the agent's behavior satisfies a novel condition, the monotone likelihood ratio transformation property, the optimal contract takes a simple form irrespective of whether the first‐order approach (FOA) is valid or not. The contract rewards the agent the maximum bonus if the signal's likelihood ratio exceeds a threshold, which in contrast to the FOA contract is not necessarily zero. We next derive a condition for a signal to enhance the efficiency of a contract. Applications in relational contracting and law enforcement illustrate our findings.
Increased Nutrient Levels Enhance Bacterial Exopolysaccharides Production in the Context of Algae
Authors: Lipsman Valeria , Segev Einat 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMicrobial aggregation is central in environmental processes, such as marine snow and harmful marine mucilage events. Nutrient enrichment positively correlates with microbial aggregation. This correlation is largely attributed to the overgrowth of microalgae and the overproduction of agglomerating exopolysaccharides. However, recent studies highlight the significant contribution of bacterial exopolysaccharides to algal‐bacterial aggregation. Here, using controlled laboratory experiments and environmental metatranscriptomic analysis, we investigate the impact of nutrient enrichment on bacterial exopolysaccharides production, while bacteria are in the context of their algal hosts. Our findings demonstrate a marked increase in bacterial exopolysaccharides production in response to a relative increase of inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen levels, both in the lab and in the environment. These results highlight the interplay between nutrient regimes, bacterial physiology and microbial aggregation in marine ecosystems and emphasise gaps in our understanding regarding the bacterial role in environmental processes that involve microbial aggregation.
Civil society as a quasi‐regulator: Coordination in financial regulation on climate change
Authors: Charnock Robert J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAs early as 2015, financial regulators were developing disclosure frameworks aimed at enabling capital markets to price climate risks. Yet the literature on sustainability disclosure offers little insight into how regulatory agendas change, instead focusing on how nongovernmental organizations drive voluntary disclosure. To address this deficiency, this paper charts how financial regulators came to embrace climate risk, analyzing how an array of non‐state initiatives became coordinated in highlighting climate‐related impairment risks. This coordination is conceptualized via scholarship on decentered regulation, allowing a first, theoretical, contribution by constructing and demonstrating one analytical approach to studying substantive change on sustainability. This paper draws on a 25‐month participant observation of a United Nations standard‐setting project, supported by semi‐structured interviews. This allows a second, empirical, contribution by mapping how an accounting device, the so‐called “carbon budget” (the maximum amount of cumulative greenhouse gas emissions that limits the probability of exceeding 2°C of warming to 20%), coordinated this array of non‐state action toward resolving a core trade‐off: if we burn our current fossil fuel reserves, we will exceed our warming targets. The paper then shows how these coordinated efforts pressured regulatory authorities to intervene on how finance affects and is affected by climate change.
Enhancing the quality of life of older people in rural Türkiye: A randomised controlled appraisal of solution‐focused case management
Authors: Cerrah Lokman , Oral Meltem , Umar Esra Karakuş , Pak Melike 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveWith a rapidly growing older population in rural Türkiye, it is crucial to identify their unmet needs and develop targeted intervention programs to enhance their quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a solution‐focused case management program, that incorporated an ecosystemic framework, on the QoL of Turkish older adults living in rural areas whose family caregivers were receiving a home care allowance.MethodsA randomised controlled experimental design was employed. Sixty older adults participated, with the experimental group receiving a solution‐focused case management program in addition to the home care allowance provided to their family caregivers. The control group only received the home care allowance. The intervention lasted 8 months and involved contact every 3 weeks. The QoL of older adults in both groups was measured using the WHOQOL‐OLD scale.ResultsThe intervention significantly improved the overall QoL, autonomy, past, present and future activities, and social participation domains in the experimental group. There was no significant impact on the death and dying or intimacy domains. In the control group, there was a significant reduction in the overall QoL, past, present and future activities, and death and dying domain scores, with no changes observed in sensory abilities, autonomy, social participation or intimacy domain scores.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the solution‐focused case management program effectively enhances the QoL of Turkish rural older adults. Home care allowance alone did not impact the QoL, highlighting the importance of targeted interventions in this population.
A Decrease of Antibodies Against SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigens Does Not Reflect a Decrease of Neutralization Rate: A Prospective Study to Evaluate Kinetic and Dynamic Humoral Immune Response After Vaccination During Pregnancy
Authors: Coelho Gabriela Mattoso , Geremias dos Santos Hellen , Cataneo Allan Henrique Depieri , Zancanaro Yara , Lunardelli Gabriela , Cesca Taciane Elisabete , Makiyama Jaqueline , Francisco Jean Alexandre Furtado Correa , Skare Thelma , Tuon Felipe Francisco , Zanluca Camila , Telles João Paulo , Duarte dos Santos Claudia Nunes 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTProblemDespite being at increased risk for severe COVID‐19, pregnant women were initially excluded from vaccine clinical trials, which limited data regarding vaccine effectiveness and protection in this group. Aiming to better understand the immune response to vaccination during pregnancy, we compared the kinetics and titers of neutralizing and IgG antibodies generated against SARS‐CoV‐2 during vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer‐BioNTech) or CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech) in a cohort of pregnant women.Methods of StudyWe evaluated participants before vaccination and 30 days after each vaccine dose, using a multiplex bead assay to measure IgG antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens (total spike, spike‐1, spike‐2, receptor binding domain, and nucleocapsid) and a live virus fluorescence reduction neutralization assay (FRNA) to quantify neutralizing antibodies.ResultsOur data showed that vaccination resulted in a robust humoral response, with a considerable increase in the levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies after the first vaccine dose and a sustained neutralizing response after the vaccine boost. In addition, antispike IgG assays presented a slight decrease after the second dose, while the neutralization rate remained stable.ConclusionsImmune response to the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in pregnant women demonstrated an important increase in neutralizing antibodies.
Correlation Between N‐Glycan GnGnXF3 and the Allergic Immune Response Against Juniperus ashei Pollen
Authors: Álvarez Javier , Parody Nuria , Calzada David , Aranda Tamara , Renshaw Ana , Serna Sonia , Reichardt Niels , Beitia Juan María , González‐de‐Olano David , Dominguez‐Ortega Javier , Carnés Jerónimo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCupressaceae pollen increasingly causes respiratory allergies worldwide. Carbohydrates are abundant in extracts of these pollens, and the associated allergens are highly glycosylated. However, the contribution of saccharides to the allergenicity of these species remains unknown.MethodsJuniperus ashei pollen extract was deglycosylated and characterised using SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting. Additionally, N‐ and O‐glycans were purified from the extract, identified, used as inhibitors in IgE‐immunoblotting and further analysed via basophil activation tests. The interactions between IgE and J. ashei glycans were analysed using a glycan array. Purified Jun a 1 was treated with β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase S and analysed using immunoblotting. The native pollen extract was used to immunise rabbits, and the IgG response was analysed using ELISA and glycan array.ResultsDeglycosylation of J. ashei proteins abolished the interaction between IgE and allergens. This effect primarily depends on N‐glycans. Purified N‐glycans triggered basophil activation in some patients. A biantennary N‐glycan with terminal GlcNAc, β‐1,2 xylose and core α‐1,3 fucose (GnGnXF3) was the most abundant glycan identified. The glycan array confirmed its interaction with IgE. The contribution of terminal N‐acetylglucosamines (GlcNAc) to IgE–Jun a 1 interaction was validated. Moreover, effective immunisation of rabbits with the native extract confirmed the immunogenicity of their N‐glycans.ConclusionsThe IgE–J. ashei allergen interaction is broadly controlled through N‐glycans different from MUXF3. GnGnXF3 exerts an immunogenic effect in humans and rabbits; terminal GlcNAc residues influence its recognition by IgE. These discoveries reinforce the role of N‐glycans in the allergic response to J. ashei.
Subfoveal choroidal thickness in pregnancy: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Larsen Maria Prehn , Iqbal Hunan , Grauslund Jakob , Klefter Oliver Niels , Krogh Nielsen Marie , Petersen Line , Yanik Özge , Subhi Yousif 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPregnancy induces a variety of changes in the eye. Mapping these changes provides a pathophysiological basis for understanding pregnancy‐associated ocular disorders. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, our aim was to determine how pregnancy affects subfoveal choroidal thickness and to explore temporal changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness during pregnancy and postpartum. On April 7, 2024, we searched eight literature databases for studies which used macular optical coherence tomography to evaluate subfoveal choroidal thickness in healthy pregnant women. We identified 26 studies summarizing data from 1935 healthy women, of which 1096 were pregnant and 839 non‐pregnant. We found that pregnant women had a subfoveal choroidal thickness which was 31.1 μm (95% CI: 19.4–42.7 μm) thicker than non‐pregnant women. No statistically significant changes were observed throughout trimesters. From the 3rd trimester to postpartum, we found a reduction in the subfoveal choroidal thickness at −41.9 μm (95% CI: −68.5 to −15.2 μm). In conclusion, in healthy women without ocular disease, pregnancy is associated with a thicker subfoveal choroid indicating a higher choroidal perfusion. Choroidal thickness remains stable across trimesters and is reduced postpartum, indicating a temporary physiological adaptation during pregnancy.
Applying social cognition to feedback chatbots: Enhancing trustworthiness through politeness
Authors: Brummernhenrich Benjamin , Paulus Christian L. , Jucks Regina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGenerative AI systems like chatbots are increasingly being introduced into learning, teaching and assessment scenarios at universities. While previous research suggests that users treat chatbots like humans, computer systems are still often perceived as less trustworthy, potentially impairing their usefulness in learning contexts. How are processes of social cognition applied to chatbots compared to humans? Our study focuses on the role of politeness in communication. We hypothesise that polite communication improves the perception of trustworthiness of chatbots. University students read a feedback dialogue between a student and a feedback provider. In a 2 × 2 between‐subjects experimental design, we manipulated the feedback's author (chatbot vs. human teacher) and the feedback formulation (polite vs. direct). Participants evaluated the feedback giver on measures of epistemic trustworthiness (expertise, benevolence and integrity) and on two basic dimensions of social cognition, namely agency and communion. Results showed that a polite feedback giver was rated higher on benevolence and communion, whereas a direct feedback giver was rated higher on agency. Unexpectedly, the chatbot was rated lower on benevolence than the human. This suggests that social cognition does apply to interactions with chatbots, with caveats. We discuss the findings regarding the design of feedback chatbots and their use in higher education.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Technology users tend to treat computer systems like humans, but computers are usually trusted less.
Polite communication, that is mitigation of face threats is expected to enhance the evaluation of a chatbot as trustworthy.
The research is relevant for the use and acceptance of chatbots as feedback providers in educational contexts.
What this paper adds

We test the assumption that polite language reduces the gap in epistemic trustworthiness between chatbots and human teachers as feedback givers.
We describe an empirical study with 284 university student participants who report their perceptions of a feedback dialogue between a student and either a human teacher or a chatbot.
We analyse the impact of feedback source as well as politeness on trustworthiness perceptions and social cognition.
Implications for practice and/or policy

The study confirms that users are receptive to politeness in communication. They treat chatbots in a similar manner to human interaction partners.
The results highlight the significance of politeness of chatbots' language in learning contexts.
Feedback chatbots need to be equipped with suitable linguistic strategies, such as politeness, for communicating in a socially appropriate manner at critical points in the instructional dialogue.
Sowing seeds for the future: Future time perspective and climate adaptation among farmers
Authors: Shaffer‐Morrison C. Dale , Dillman‐Hasso Naseem H. , Wilson Robyn S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA future time perspective is critical to domains where outcomes of choices are delayed and potentially catastrophic: such as with agriculture where management decisions today are critical to the viability of multiple outcomes in the future. Farmers are on the front lines of climate change where shifts in rainfall and temperature threaten the viability of crop production. This reality is compounded for some farmers who lack the resources needed to adapt. Prior work has shown that farmers with strong injunctive norms towards conservation, and sufficient resources, are more likely to implement adaptation practices, but little research has explored the role of future time perspectives relative to these factors. We test whether future time perspective may lead US Midwestern farmers to develop injunctive norms towards conservation, and in turn, implement adaptation practices. We find support for this mechanism through both a correlational analysis (Study 1), and a manipulation of the salience of future impacts through a vignette experiment (Study 2). In addition, we see that some socioeconomic resources constrain adaptation. These results are relevant to regions where greater adaptation practices are needed to protect against climate impacts on operations that produce row crops like corn, soy and wheat.
‘I Did Not Know We Could Exercise This Small Premature Baby’: Challenges Experienced by Parents While Implementing Early Intervention for Their Preterm Infants—A Qualitative Perspective
Authors: Raghupathy Manasa Kolibylu , Jahangir Selim , Khurana Sonia , Lewis Leslie Edward S. , Rao Bhamini Krishna 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPreterm birth is a highly stressful experience for both parents and infants. Parental participation in care enhances developmental outcomes, fosters parent–infant interactions and builds parental confidence. However, low parental adherence has always been a challenge in the successful implementation of intervention programs both in the NICU and at home. It is imperative to understand parents' perspectives and view the challenges that they experience through their lens while providing early intervention to their infants born preterm. This study is aimed at identifying new parents' challenges when implementing early intervention programs for their infants during the transition from hospital to home.MethodsTen parents of preterm infants trained to administer early intervention programs in the NICU and at home were recruited during their infants' 3‐month follow‐up. Semistructured in‐depth interviews were conducted until data saturation. The audio recordings of the interviews were transcribed and translated into English. Thematic analysis, using ATLAS.ti Version 8.0 software, identified overarching challenges through deductive and inductive coding.ResultsData analysis identified five recurring themes: (1) navigating early days of parenthood, (2) nurturing resilience in infant care, (3) supporting infants through informed caregiving, (4) maximizing efficiency in infant care through time mastery and (5) balancing equity and flexibility in caregiving. Parents expressed fear of handling their infants born preterm because of their low birth weight and small size. Time constraints, changing sleep patterns and daily routines make it difficult for mothers to adhere to exercise programs. Parents also face challenges when infants exhibit stressful behaviour. Furthermore, gender differences were observed, with fathers often not continuing the program at home.ConclusionsThe study highlights parents' main challenges when providing early intervention for infants born preterm at home. It emphasizes issues related to maternal roles, family support and difficulties in infant handling, exercise and time management.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: CTRI/2020/09/027994.
Investigation of host plant contact with Diaphorina citri by detecting D. citri‐derived environmental DNA
Authors: Fujikawa Takashi , Fujiwara Kazuki , Inoue Hiromitsu , Hatomi Hiroe , Hayashikawa Shuji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCitrus greening (Huanglongbing) disease has serious impacts on citrus production. Field monitoring of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a vector of citrus greening disease, is essential to prevent the invasion and spread of this disease. This study reports a new method for determining the presence of D. citri and traces of contact with host plants by collecting leaves of host plants from the survey area and detecting the environmental DNA (eDNA) derived from D. citri. The results show that with the applied method the presence of D. citri can be determined. As D. citri‐derived eDNA is contained in DNA solutions of plants with a history of contact with D. citri, we succeeded in detecting not only genes conserved in D. citri mitochondria but also genes of D. citri symbiont organisms consisting of Wolbachia, Wolbachia phage, Candidatus Carsonella sp., and Candidatus Profftella sp. Diaphorina citri‐derived eDNA could be detected in host plants even after only 10 min of contact with D. citri and could still be detected 6 months after contact. This technology has the potential to trace D. citri from their traces without individual detection and is expected to greatly contribute to the early detection and invasion warning of citrus greening disease in the future.
Induced drought in an Amazonian forest affects diversity but not foraging distance of generalist ants
Authors: Almeida Rony P. S. , Baccaro Fabrício B. , Ellison Aaron M. , Camarota Flávio , Silva Rogério R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ongoing environmental change is forecast to lead to lower precipitation and concomitant species losses in tropical regions. These losses may affect generalist species that provide essential ecosystem services, such as controlling the rate at which nutrients become available for uptake by other organisms in tropical forests.
Here, we use a long‐term (16 years) rainwater exclusion experiment in a primary Amazonian tropical rainforest (Caxiaunã National Forest, Northern Brazil) to test whether induced water stress (“drought”) affects the species richness of generalist ants, their abundance (i.e., nest density), and the distance at which they detect food resources (i.e., baits).
The number of generalist ant species and colonies was reduced by 50% in the drought‐induced plot, and ant species composition differed between the control (typical moist forest) and drought‐induced plots. Although ants that nested in both control and drought plots had shorter estimated foraging distances than habitat specialists, the distance at which these colonies detected baits was not affected by drought.
We conclude that the extremely high diversity of tropical forest ants may be able to buffer the detrimental effects of drought on the resource detection rates of generalist ants. Different generalist ant species were also functionally similar to wet‐forest species that cannot forage under drier conditions.
Accuracy of ICD Influenza Discharge Diagnosis Codes in Hospitalized Adults From the Valencia Region, Spain, in the Pre‐COVID‐19 Period 2012/2013 to 2017/2018
Authors: Mira‐Iglesias Ainara , López‐Lacort Mónica , Bricout Hélène , Loiacono Matthew , Carballido‐Fernández Mario , Mollar‐Maseres Joan , Tortajada‐Girbés Miguel , Schwarz‐Chávarri Germán , López‐Labrador F. Xavier , Puig‐Barberà Joan , Díez‐Domingo Javier , Orrico‐Sánchez Alejandro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundInternational Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes obtained from real‐world data can be used to identify influenza cases for epidemiological research but, without validation, may introduce biases. The objective of this study was to validate ICD influenza discharge diagnoses using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) laboratory‐confirmed influenza (LCI) results.MethodsThe study was conducted during six influenza seasons (2012/2013–2017/2018) in the Valencia Hospital Surveillance Network for the Study of Influenza (VAHNSI). Patients aged 18+ years were identified via active‐surveillance and had to meet an influenza‐like illness (ILI) case definition to be included. All patients were tested for influenza by real‐time RT‐PCR. Main and secondary influenza discharge diagnosis codes were extracted from hospital discharge letters. Positive predictive values (PPVs) and the complementary of the sensitivities (1‐Sensitivity) of ICD codes with corresponding 95% credible intervals (CrIs) were estimated via binomial Bayesian regression models.ResultsA total of 13,545 patients were included, with 2257 (17%) positive for influenza. Of 2257 LCI cases, 1385 (61%) were not ICD‐coded as influenza. Overall, 74.73% (95% CrI: 63.24–84.44) of LCI were not‐ICD coded as influenza (1‐Sensitivity) after adjustment. Sensitivity improved across seasons and with increasing age. Average PPV was 74.02% (95% CrI: 68.58–79.17), ranging from 43.71% to 81.57% between seasons.ConclusionUsing only main and secondary discharge diagnosis codes for influenza detection markedly underestimates the full burden of influenza in hospitalized patients. Future studies, including post‐COVID context, using prospective surveillance for ILI are required to assess the validity of hospital discharge data as a tool for determining influenza‐related burden of disease.