bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Development of Potentially Better Practices to Reduce Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Payne Nathaniel R. , LaCorte Meena , Sun Shyan , Karna Padmani , Lewis-Hunstiger Martha , Goldsmith Jay P. ,   on behalf of the Breathsavers Group
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to describe development and implementation of potentially better practices to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants (birth weight: 501–1500 g).METHODS. Results of Breathsavers Group meetings, conference calls and critically appraised topic summaries were used to construct potentially better practices. Implementation plans and experiences were reported by participants and collated.RESULTS. The Breathsavers Group developed 13 potentially better practices, based on published evidence and expert opinion. Participants determined which potentially better practices to implement and implementation methods. Participating NICUs implemented an average of 5 potentially better practices (range: 3–9). The Breathsavers Group also developed a resource kit, identified common obstacles to implementation, and initiated research to define bronchopulmonary dysplasia better.CONCLUSIONS. Multiinstitutional collaboration facilitated development and implementation of potentially better practices to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
National Trends in the Use of Antireflux Procedures for Children
Authors: Lasser Michael S. , Liao Jason G. , Burd Randall S. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to analyze recent nationwide trends in the use of and outcomes after antireflux surgery for children.METHODS. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children (age: &lt;18 years) undergoing antireflux surgery by using data from 1996 to 2003 from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Census data were used to calculate the population-based rates of procedures stratified according to age and presence of neurologic impairment. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with length of stay and in-hospital death.RESULTS. During the study period, 48 665 antireflux procedures were performed for children in the US. Although procedure rates were generally higher in 2003 than in 1996, no trends in rates were observed among different age groups and census regions during the study period. The highest population-based procedure rates were observed among infants (49–101 procedures per 100 000 population). There was a significant decrease in the percentages of children undergoing antireflux procedures who were neurologically impaired between 1996 and 2003 (53% vs 40%). Neurologically impaired children had longer lengths of stay and higher mortality rates than did neurologically normal children.CONCLUSIONS. Although procedure rates have not changed, the use of antireflux surgery has evolved during the laparoscopic era, with a decreasing percentage of neurologically impaired children undergoing this procedure. Antireflux procedures were performed predominantly for infants, most of whom were neurologically normal. Neurologically impaired children remain a group at high risk for death after antireflux procedures.
Improved Outcomes of Extremely Premature Outborn Infants: Effects of Strategic Changes in Perinatal and Retrieval Services
Authors: Lui Kei , Abdel-Latif Mohamed E. , Allgood Catherine L. , Bajuk Barbara , Oei Julee , Berry Andrew , Henderson-Smart David ,   New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Study Group
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to evaluate the impact of statewide coordinated changes in perinatal support and retrieval services on the outcomes of extremely premature births occurring outside perinatal centers in the state of New South Wales, Australia.
METHODS. The intervention included additional, network-coordinated, perinatal telephone advice to optimize in utero transfers and centralization of the neonatal retrieval system, with preferential admission of retrieved infants (outborn infants) to perinatal centers instead of freestanding pediatric hospitals, from the middle of 1995. Population birth and NICU admission cohorts of infants of 23 to 28 weeks of gestation were studied. Outcomes of epoch 1 (1992 to the middle of 1995; 1778 births and 1100 NICU admissions) were compared with those of epoch 2 (1997–2002; 3099 births and 2100 NICU admissions), after an 18-month washout period.
RESULTS. There were 25% fewer nontertiary hospital live births (19.7% vs 14.9%) and more prenatal steroid use. Despite an 11.4% average annual increase in NICU admissions between the 2 epochs, fewer infants were outborn (12.0% vs 9.3%) and outborn mortality rates decreased significantly (39.4% vs 25.1%), particularly for those between 27 and 28 weeks of gestation. The overall improvement was equivalent to 1 extra survivor per 16 New South Wales births. There were also significantly fewer serious outcome morbidities in outborn infants during epoch 2, over the improvements in inborn infants.
CONCLUSIONS. Statewide coordinated strategies in reducing nontertiary hospital births and optimizing transport of outborn infants to perinatal centers have improved considerably the outcomes of extremely premature infants. These findings have vital implications for health outcomes and resource planning.
Spatial Allocation of Shrimp Catch Based on Fishing Effort: Adjusting for the Effects of the Texas Opening
Authors: Cole John G. , Gallaway Benny J. , Martin Larry R. , Nance James M. , Longnecker Michael 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Estimates of fishing effort for the Gulf of Mexico penaeid shrimp fishery depend on the ability of National Marine Fisheries Service port agents to accurately assign fractional catches within a fishing trip to 5-fathom-depth bins within 21 Gulf of Mexico statistical areas. In previous studies, we showed that the method used for assigning landings was inaccurate and developed an algorithm for assigning landings based up observer and captain's logbook data on fishing effort and catch. The resulting algorithm explained over 92% of the variance in actual catch. Results of regression analyses of new observer data collected for over 7,700 tows confirm that the algorithm provides reliable estimates of fractional catches associated with the different subareas fished within a trip (adjusted r2 = 0.96 when 11 outliers are removed from 1,845 observations). Nine of the 11 outliers occurred within a month of the Texas opening, a period when catches are initially high but then decay rapidly. Here, we have incorporated this decay as part of the allocation algorithm for this period. The agreement of expected and actual shrimp catch declined slightly from the regression with outliers removed (adjusted r2 = 0.95). Nevertheless, we suggest that data from this period should be modeled separately to better evaluate the consequences of management actions that might be taken during the Texas opening time frame.
Sobering Thoughts: Town Hall Meetings on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Ryan Doreen Major , Bonnett Doreen M. , Gass Callie B. 
Published: November 2006

Prenatal exposure to alcohol is one of the leading causes of preventable birth defects and developmental disabilities. During the past 30 years, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), including fetal alcohol syndrome, have gradually begun to attract attention. However, awareness and understanding of the disorders remain low, and people who are affected are seriously underserved. The FASD Center for Excellence held a series of town hall meetings in 2002 and 2003 to gauge the issues surrounding FASD nationwide. On the basis of its findings, the center proposed a series of recommendations to begin to remedy some of the deficiencies that were identified.
The Influence of Maternal Weight and Glucose Tolerance on Infant Birthweight in Latino Mother–Infant Pairs
Authors: Kieffer Edith C. , Tabaei Bahman P. , Carman Wendy J. , Nolan George H. , Guzman J. Ricardo , Herman William H. 
Published: November 2006

Objectives. We assessed the influence of maternal anthropometric and metabolic variables, including glucose tolerance, on infant birthweight. Methods. In our prospective, population-based cohort study of 1041 Latino mother–infant pairs, we used standardized interviews, anthropometry, metabolic assays, and medical record reviews. We assessed relationships among maternal sociodemographic, prenatal care, anthropometric, and metabolic characteristics and birthweight with analysis of variance and bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Results. Forty-two percent of women in this study entered pregnancy overweight or obese; at least 36% exceeded weight-gain recommendations. Twenty-seven percent of the women had at least some degree of glucose abnormality, including 6.8% who had gestational diabetes. Maternal multiparity, height, weight, weight gain, and 1-hour screening glucose levels were significant independent predictors of infant birthweight after adjustment for gestational age. Conclusion. Studies of birthweight should account for maternal glucose level. Given the increased risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes associated with excessive maternal weight, weight gain, and glucose intolerance, and the high prevalence of these conditions and type 2 diabetes among Latinas, public health professionals have unique opportunities for prevention through prenatal and postpartum interventions.
In vitro effects of hydrochloric acid and various concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric, or valeric acids on bioelectric properties of equine gastric squamous mucosa
Authors: Andrews Frank M. , Buchanan Benjamin R. , Smith Sionagh H. , Elliott Sarah B. , Saxton Arnold M. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Objective—To compare the effects of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and various concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) on tissue bioelectric properties of equine stomach nonglandular (NG) mucosa.
Sample Population—Gastric tissues obtained from 48 adult horses.
Procedures—NG gastric mucosa was studied by use of Ussing chambers. Short-circuit current (Isc) and potential difference (PD) were measured and electrical resistance (R) and conductance calculated for tissues after addition of HCl and VFAs (5, 10, 20, and 40mM) in normal Ringer's solution (NRS).
Results—Mucosa exposed to HCl in NRS (pH of 1.5 and, to a lesser extent, 4.0) had a significant decrease in Isc, PD, and R, whereas tissues exposed to acetic acid at a pH of < 4.0, propionic and butyric acids at a pH of ≤ 4.0, and valeric acid at a pH of ≤ 7.0 induced a concentration-dependent effect on reduction in these same values. Values for Isc returned to baseline (recovery of sodium transport) after addition of calcium carbonate in tissues exposed to all concentrations of VFAs except the higher concentrations of valeric acid at a pH of ≤ 4.0. Histologic examination revealed cell swelling in the mucosal layers below and adjacent to the stratum corneum in tissues exposed to HCl and VFAs at a pH of ≤ 4.0.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The VFAs, especially acetic acid, in the presence of HCl at a pH of ≤ 4.0 appear to be important in the pathogenesis of NG mucosal ulcers in horses.
mRNA expression and binding sites for α2-adrenergic receptor subtypes in muscle layers of the ileum and spiral colon of dairy cows
Authors: Ontsouka Edgar C. , Blum Jürg W. , Steiner Adrian , Meylan Mireille 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Objective—To measure maximum binding capacity (Bmax) and levels of mRNA expression for α2-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes in ileal and colonic muscle layers of healthy dairy cows.
Sample Population—Ileal and colonic muscle specimens from 6 freshly slaughtered cows.
Procedures—Ileal and colonic muscle layers were obtained by scraping the mucosa and submucosa from full-thickness tissue specimens. Level of mRNA expression for α2-AR subtypes was measured by real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis and expressed relative to the mean mRNA expression of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, ubiquitin, and 18S ribosomal RNA. Binding studies were performed with tritiated RX821002 (3H-RX821002) and subtype-selective ligands as competitors.
Results—mRNA expression for α2AD-, α2B-, and α2C-AR subtypes was similar in ileal and colonic muscle layers. The mRNA expression for α2AD-AR was significantly greater than that for α2B- and α2C-AR subtypes, representing 92%, 6%, and 2%, respectively, of the total mRNA. Binding competition of 3H-RX821002 with BRL44408, imiloxan, and MK-912 was best fitted by a 1-site model. The Bmax of α2AD- and α2C-AR sub-types was greater than that of α2B-AR. The Bmax and level of mRNA expression were only correlated (r = 0.8) for α2AD-AR. Ratio of Bmax to mRNA expression for α2C-AR was similar to that for α2B-AR, but significantly greater than for α2AD-AR.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Subtypes of α2-AR in bovine intestinal muscle layers are represented by a mixture of α2AD- and α2C-ARs and of α2B-AR at a lower density. Information provided here may help in clarification of the role of AR subtypes in α2-adrenergic mechanisms regulating bovine intestinal motility.
Impact of radiotherapy on local recurrence of rectal cancer in Norway
Authors: Hansen M H , Kjæve J , Revhaug A , Eriksen M T , Wibe A , Vonen B 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of radiotherapy on local recurrence of rectal cancer in Norway after the national implementation of total mesorectal excision (TME).

Methods
This was a prospective national cohort study of 4113 patients undergoing major resection of rectal carcinoma between November 1993 and December 2001.

Results
The proportion of patients who had radiotherapy before or after operation increased from 4·6 per cent in 1994 to 23·0 per cent in 2001. The cumulative 5-year local recurrence rate decreased from 16·2 to 10·7 per cent. Multivariable analysis showed that preoperative radiotherapy significantly reduced local recurrence (hazard ratio 0·59 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·39 to 0·87)). The use of preoperative radiotherapy in patients from a local hospital offering radiotherapy was 50 per cent higher than that for patients from a hospital without such services (P = 0·003); cumulative 5-year local recurrence rates for these patients were 10·6 and 15·8 per cent respectively (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Following national implementation of TME for rectal cancer, increased use of preoperative radiotherapy appeared to reduce recurrence rates further.
A cohort study of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases after the Chornobyl accident
Authors: Bogdanova Tetyana I. , Zurnadzhy Ludmyla Y. , Greenebaum Ellen , McConnell Robert J. , Robbins Jacob , Epstein Ovsiy V. , Olijnyk Valery A. , Hatch Maureen , Zablotska Lydia B. , Tronko Mykola D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.The Ukrainian American Cohort Study evaluated the risk of thyroid disorders in a group of individuals who were younger than age 18 years at the time of the Chornobyl (Chernobyl) accident. In this article, the authors describe the pathology of thyroid carcinomas detected in the first screening.METHODS.From 1998 to 2000, 13,243 individuals completed the first cycle of screening examinations. Eighty patients underwent surgery between 1998 and 2004. Intraoperative and postoperative pathologic studies were performed at the Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyiv.RESULTS.Pathologic analysis revealed 45 thyroid carcinomas, including 43 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) (95.6%) and 2 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) (4.4%). TNM classification (5th edition) of the PTCs included 8 T1 tumors (18.6%), 16 T2 tumors (37.2%), and 19 T4 tumors (44.2%). Fifteen PTCs (34.9%) were N1a,N1b, and 3 PTCs (7.0%) were M1. Among the PTCs, 8 exhibited the classical papillary histologic pattern (18.6%), 14 exhibited a follicular histologic pattern (32.6%), 5 exhibited a solid histologic pattern (11.6%), and 16 exhibited a mixed histologic pattern (37.2%). Both FTCs had a microfollicular‐solid structure. Eleven of 20 cohort members who underwent surgery before the first screening had PTCs. Regional metastases (63.6%) and distant metastases (18.2%) were more common in this group.CONCLUSIONS.Multifocal growth, lymphatic and blood vessel invasion, extrathyroid spread, and regional and distant metastases were more frequent in less differentiated PTCs (>30% solid structure). Small carcinomas (≤10 mm) comprised 23.3% of PTCs, and most of those (8 of 10 small carcinomas; 80%) were of the papillary‐follicular subtype and therefore were more differentiated. The solid subtype of PTC was associated with shorter latency, especially in individuals who were diagnosed before the first screening. The histology of post‐Chornobyl cancers is changing with time. Cancer 2006. Published 2006 by the American Cancer Society.
Temporospatially regulated expression of subtilisin‐like proprotein convertase PACE4 (SPC4) during development of the rat submandibular gland
Authors: Akamatsu Tetsuya , Purwanti Nunuk , Karabasil Mileva Ratko , Li Xuefei , Yao Chenjuan , Kanamori Norio , Hosoi Kazuo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe temporospatial expression of PACE4, a member of the mammalian subtilisin‐like proprotein convertase family involved in the activation of growth/differentiation factors, was investigated by in situ hybridization during the development of the rat submandibular gland (SMG). At the initiation stage (day 15.5 of gestation; E15), PACE4 was intensely expressed in the submandibular epithelium, but weakly expressed in the mesenchymal cells. At E16 when the branching morphogenesis becomes obvious, the expression of PACE4 in the mesenchyme was further decreased, although its level in the submandibular epithelium had not changed remarkably from that at E15. During the next stage of embryonic development (E17–E20), PACE4 was expressed in the cells derived from the submandibular epithelium, which include the proacinar, terminal tubular, and presumptive ductal cells. In the perinatal SMG, PACE4 was still expressed intensely in the terminal portion of the SMG containing the proacinar and terminal tubular cells, whereas its expression in the ductal cells was obviously decreased at the second postnatal day (P2) and at P6. Acinar cells expressing no PACE4 appeared, and their numbers increased following their development (P9–P20). At P30 when the PACE4 expression in the acinar cells was completely suppressed, its expression in the ductal cells became intense again. This temporospatially regulated expression of PACE4 suggests its apparent association with the proliferation, differentiation, and establishment of functional acinar and ductal cells of the SMG. Developmental Dynamics 236:314–320, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of Copper at a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Langmuir–Blodgett Film of p‐tert‐Butylthiacalix[4]arene
Authors: Zheng Hao , Dong Huimin , Yan Zhenning , Wen Lijuan , Zhang Shusheng , Ye Baoxian 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA new type of voltammetric sensor, Langmuir–Blodgett film of p‐tert‐butylthiacalix[4]arene modified glassy carbon electrode, was advanced and used for determining copper at trace levels by differential pulse stripping voltammetry. Calibration plot was found to be linear in the range of 2×10−8 M to 5×10−6 M; the detection limit was 2×10−9 M. Possible recognition mechanism was also discussed. From determination of Copper in real samples (river, lake and tap water) it can be concluded that the method is rapid, sensitive in determining of copper and can be used in the analysis of natural water samples.
Simultaneous contactless conductivity detection and UV detection for the study of separation of tamsulosin enantiomers in discontinuous electrolyte systems by CE
Authors: Petr Jan , Maier Vítězslav , Horáková Jana , Ševčík Juraj 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis work shows the potential of using discontinuous electrolyte systems for the separation of tamsulosin enantiomers by CE. Sulfated β‐cyclodextrin was used as a chiral selector. In acidic electrolytes, sulfated β‐cyclodextrin migrates as an anion and the analyte (tamsulosin) migrates as a cation. Due to this, four experimental arrangements were proposed. These arrangements differ in composition of electrolytes in the inlet compartment, in the capillary and in the outlet compartment. The separation of tamsulosin enantiomers in acetate buffers with sodium and Tris counterions was studied. Simultaneous contactless conductivity detection and UV detection were used for the study of the separation mechanism in these systems. Mobilities of sulfated β‐cyclodextrin were used for the calculation of the time when the analyte migrates through the BGE zone with the selector. The simulation program Simul 4.0 was used for the calculations of the concentration profiles of the electrolyte components dependent on the time of the separation. The mechanism of enantioseparation in these arrangements was suggested.
Cation‐selective exhaustive injection and sweeping MEKC for direct analysis of methamphetamine and its metabolites in urine
Authors: Cheng Hui‐Ling , Jong Yuh‐Jyh , Li Jih‐Heng , Ko Wei‐Kung , Wu Shou‐Mei 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDirect analysis of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and p‐hydroxymethamphetamine in urine was achieved by cation‐selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar EKC. A bare fused‐silica capillary (40 cm, 50 µm id) was filled with phosphate buffer (80 mM, pH 3, containing 20% ACN). Then a high‐conductivity buffer (100 mM phosphate, pH 3; 6.9 kPa for 2.5 min) was injected. Samples were loaded using electrokinetic injection (10 kV, 600 s) which created long zones of cationic analytes. To enhance sensitivity by sweeping, the stacking step was performed using a phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 3, containing 20% ACN and 100 mM SDS) at −20 kV before separation by MEKC. This method was capable of detecting the analytes at ppb levels. The calibration plots were linear (r2 ≥ 0.9948) over a range of 100–5000 ng/mL for methamphetamine, and 100–2000 ng/mL for amphetamine and p‐hydroxymethamphetamine. The LODs (S/N = 3) were 20 ng/mL for methamphetamine, and 15 ng/mL for amphetamine and p‐hydroxymethamphetamine. The method was applied to analysis of 14 urine samples of addicts and is suitable for screening suspected samples for forensic purposes. The results showed good agreement with fluorescence polarization immunoassay and GC‐MS.
Use of Glucose‐Galactose Concentrates in Beer Production
Authors: Poznański S. , Leman J. , Bednarski W. , Szmelich W. , Kowalewska J. , Chodkowski M. , Wieliczko R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThree kinds of demineralized and non‐demineralized glucose‐galaktose concentrates obtained from whey or partially refined lactose, were substituted for barley malt in brewers wort. Demineralized concentrates can be substituted for up to 50% of the malt extract in wort without negatively affecting the technological process of beer production or the quality of the final product. Beer produced with concentrates added showed high quality, flavour and smell, being in most cases quantitatively superior to the control beer. Substitution for the extract by non‐demineralized concentrate showed that while a 10% substitution did not negatively affect the quality of beer, increased proportions of 25 and 50 per cent produced a salty taste.
Beständigkeit von S‐Methylmethionin bei Konservierung seiner Pflanzenquellen durch Sterilisation
Authors: Kovatscheva E. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUntersucht wurde die Beständigkeit des Antiulcusfaktors S‐Methylmethionin (MMS+) während der Sterilisation seiner Pflanzenquellen (Sellerie, rote Rüben, Himbeeren, Tomaten und Mais) nach den in Bulgarien üblichen technologischen Regimen und unter Bedingungen, die auf die hohe Thermolabilität des MMS+ eingestellt waren.Es werden Bedingungen empfohlen, die die maximale Erhaltung von MMS+ bei der Herstellung von konservierten Produkten aus den genannten Obst‐ und Gemüsearten gewährleisten.