bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systems Approach to the Propeller Redesign for the U.S. Navy SEAL Swimmer Delivery Vehicle (SDV)
Authors: Renick Dirk , Hanson Chris 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper details work undertaken at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to improve the overall performance of the Navy SEAL swimmer delivery vehicle (SDV Mk VIII Mod 1) through the design of a wake adapted propeller to replace the existing stock propeller. First, an analysis was conducted of the currently installed propeller using a lifting surface vortex lattice propeller code developed at MIT by Kerwin. This gave the performance required for a new propeller. To start the design process, a lifting line propeller design code developed at MIT by Kerwin was used to find the potential efficiency gains possible with a wake‐adapted propeller with minimal hub drag. Then, a circuit model of the propulsion electric motor was derived and coupled with the lifting line program to match the operating point between the redesigned propeller and the motor. The result of this coupled analysis was a numerical prediction for the reduction in battery amperage draw. A prototype propeller was manufactured and tested, resulting in an 8.9 % reduction in battery current discharge.
Multiple‐Objective Optimization in Naval Ship Design
Authors: Brown Alan , Salcedo Juan 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an optimization methodology that includes three important components necessary for a systematic approach to naval ship concept design. These are: ▪ An efficient and effective search of design space for non‐dominated designs▪ Well‐defined and quantitative measures of objective attributes▪ An effective format to describe the design space and to present non‐dominated concepts for rational selection by the customer.A Multiple‐Objective Genetic Optimization (MOGO) is used to search design parameter space and identify non‐dominated design concepts based on life cycle cost and mission effectiveness. A non‐dominated frontier and selected generations of feasible designs are used to present results to the customer for selection of preferred alternatives. A naval ship design application is presented.
Investigation of Silicone and Self‐Polishing Bottom Coating for High‐Speed Craft
Authors: Latorre R. , Philips R. , Miller A. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTSuccessful operation of high‐speed craft requires close attention to the bottom hull coating system. A new generation of smooth anti‐fouling paints, with no adverse environmental impact, are being introduced to replace the tri‐butal tin (TBT) based coatings, banned in 2003 by IMO convention. This paper presents the results of high speed 2.23 m (7.54 ft) air cushion catamaran model tests with three of these new bottom coatings. The resistance tests show the bottom coatings result in a 2–7% drag reduction over the speeds tested.
Demonstrating the Electric Ship
Authors: Little G.T. , Erskine P.A. , Norton P. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTIntegrated full electric propulsion (IFEP) is an everyday reality as the power system solution for naval platforms, embracing recent advances in enabling technologies to deliver cost effective, survivable, power dense solutions in a variety of applications. The Ministry of Defence (MoD), in co‐operation with the French government has contracted ALSTOM Power Conversion Ltd to design, build and operate an electric ship technology demonstrator (ESTD); the main objective of which is to de‐risk integrated full electric propulsion equipment and systems to meet the requirements of future U.K. and French warship programmes. The key enabling technologies for ESTD are WR21 ICR gas turbine and the propulsion motor system (PM for ESTD). The ESTD is sited at the ALSTOM Power Whittle Research Centre, Whetstone near Leicester.Key supporting objectives of ESTD are to demonstrate the practical integration of gas turbine generators, power electronics, energy storage systems and an advanced propulsion motor, analyse system performance and assess system operability and functionality.The paper will review the ESTD and PM for ESTD programmes, providing design and progress detail together with a review of the way ahead for the facility. It will be shown that ESTD is a key part of the electric warship concept and a “world beating test facility”.pawnbrokers.
Modeling, Analysis, and Uncertainty Quantification of a Lightweight Torpedo Design
Authors: Penmetsa Ravi , Grandhi Ramana , Venkayya Vipperla 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn designing a lightweight torpedo, multiple performance criteria from many disciplines, including structures, acoustics, controls, and hydrodynamics, have to be satisfied in order to maintain a high probability of success for the mission. These criteria could conflict with each other as design requirements, in which case the final design will be the configuration that minimizes conflicts. Performance criteria depend on various design parameters that constitute the configuration of the torpedo and these are usually assigned deterministic values. However, in reality, the parameters would exhibit variations, and thus the design criteria could potentially violate the feasible design space. Therefore, this paper presents a robust torpedo design strategy that provides the designer insight into the safety of the final configuration, subject to variations in design parameters. In this paper a torpedo is modeled using finite elements and its static and dynamic characteristics are analyzed subject to variations in the design parameters structural problem. In this paper, a torpedo is modeled using finite elements and its static and dynamic characteristics are analyzed subject to variations in the design parameters.
Application of Symbiotic Evolution‐based Fuzzy Neural Networks to Fault Diagnosis of Marine Propulsion Systems
Authors: Kuo Hsing‐Chia , Chang Hui‐Kuo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA new symbiotic evolution‐based fuzzy‐neural diagnostic system (SE‐FNDS) for fault diagnosis of propeller‐shaft marine propulsion systems is proposed. The SE‐FNDS combination of fuzzy modeling, back‐propagation training, and symbiotic evolution function auto‐generates its own optimal fuzzy neural architecture, a significant advantage over previous time‐consuming manual parameter determination. Two hundred and forty samples from a test propeller‐shaft system are taken over a range of 100 to 500 rpm, during normal and experimentally‐induced faulty operation. Compared to three traditional methods, diagnostic decisions from SE‐FNDS show 93.75% agreement with real conditions and less CPU time for system construction. The presented design is useful as a core module for more advanced computer‐assisted diagnostic systems and for direct application in marine propulsion systems.
Contributions to the Marine Use of Non‐Crimp Reinforcement By Means of Strength Tests
Authors: Neser Gokdeniz , Songuler Sinan , Tacar Mehmet Emin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIt has been found that the use of non‐crimp reinforcements achieve acceptable levels of engineering parameters such as strength and stiffness when compared with other glass reinforced structures. Therefore, it is concluded that non‐crimp reinforcements are suitable materials for boatbuilding since they offer the advantage of production of lighter structures with less work. Tensile and flexural tests were conducted on orthophitalic polyester resin with hand – laid E glass stitched multilayer angle laminae with ten different thicknesses and with five different directions (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°). The assessment of the material was made in light of those experiments, and results are presented together with comparison of other reinforcement fibers (mat and woven roving). It is believed that the presented results are of direct use for designers.
The Navy and Asbestos Thermal Insulation
Authors: Rushworth Denis H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAsbestos was once used in U. S. Navy shipboard pipe and machinery thermal insulation and in many other shipboard products. It was also used throughout the country in thousands of commercial products and in some products it remains in use today. The health hazards of asbestos have resulted in an increasing number of lawsuits that involve, among many others, manufacturers of Navy hardware. The plaintiffs in these lawsuits include many who were exposed to asbestos while serving in Navy ships built during and following WWII. Because the materials are dry, friable, and easily accessible, the most likely source of their Navy shipboard exposures was thermal insulation. In this article the evolution of thermal insulation systems in WWII and post‐WWII ships is described, Navy and national asbestos consumption patterns are compared, the asbestos industrial hygiene environment of the times are described, and a perspective on asbestos concerns from a hardware manufacturers’ standpoint is provided. The liability situation regarding asbestos may be seen as a pattern causing Navy manufacturers to seek some form of waiver of liability or other relief from the Government for all hazards arising from their Navy work. Naval engineers have a responsibility to understand the background surrounding the use of asbestos, particularly as they continue to deal with new systems and materials that could potentially impact the future health of those who come in contact with them.
ORTSTARS: The Way Ahead For Distance Support
Authors: Tonthat Hai , Fung James , Timm Joel , Godwin Lawana 
Published: October 2008

AbstractORTSTARS stands for Operational Readiness Test System Tech Assist Remote Support. ORTSTARS redefines what is possible in real‐time Next Generation In‐Service Engineering Agent distance support capabilities between Aegis Weapon System Class ships and shore support communities. The ORTSTARS concept improves Operational Availability, reduces Total Ownership costs and improves the quality of service and life for Sailors and shore support by instantly converting distributed information into value added real‐time knowledge to ascertain weapon system readiness. ORTSTARS will change the way distributed naval sites collaborate by: 1) allowing remote sites to communicate as if everyone were onboard the ship in the same room; 2) allowing sites to work together in real time; and 3) allowing support organizations to see the scenario on a remote user's computer and correct the problem during the support call without having to physically travel to the remote site. Deploying the ORTSTARS concept today sustains the Navy's Sea Power in the 21st Century strategic plan for building a surge‐capable force, as well as commands the precepts for embedding distance support requirements in the Next Generation system of warships: Littoral Combat Ship (LCS), DD(X) and CG(X). The ORTSTARS approach to proactive and predictive distance support provides a quantum leap in future distance support.
Shipboard and Dockside Trials of Ballast Water Treatment Technology
Authors: Wright David A. , Mackey Thomas P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe report on two ongoing programs for testing the efficacy of ballast water treatment (BWT) systems carried out by a research team from the University of Maryland. The Baltimore Harbor Ballast Water Treatment Demonstration Program is the culmination of more than sixteen years research into treatment technologies for shipboard application, and focuses primarily on efficacy testing of different system components with the ultimate goal of determining the most cost effective combinations. The Shipboard Technology Evaluation (STEP) Program measures the performance of BWT systems already installed aboard vessels. Both programs provide information on aspects of biological endpoint determination that illustrate the potential merits and/or difficulties associated with their universal application. As such these initiatives are designed to complement and provide feedback to testing programs located in different geographic areas. The shipboard program provides additional in information on sampling and measurement problems associated with operating aboard a working vessel.
Biological Bilge Water Treatment System
Authors: Penny Richard L. , Suominen‐Yeh Marika 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEnSolve Biosystems Inc. manufacturers oil water separators that utilize mechanical means for separating free‐phase oil and biological means for processing residual emulsified oil in water. EnSolve installed its first biomechanical oil water separator, trade named the PetroLiminator, on board a Great Lakes ore carrier in January 2000. In the past five years PetroLiminator systems have been installed on numerous vessels and have discharged millions of gallons of treated bilge water below the required discharge standards. This paper will explore operational data from several of these installations and evaluate the data with current and pending regulations.
Design and Prototype Development of Advanced Oxidation Black and Gray Water Treatment Systems
Authors: Markle Stephen P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRegulations governing the discharge of sewage from ships have been in force since the early 1970's. In response, the marine industry has developed ever more complex systems and processes for managing these wastes. The first compliance method involved holding wastes until they could be legally discharged; as technology advanced, treatment systems were developed and installed to enable discharge within regulated waters. As the size and number of ships as increased with maturation of the ocean tourism business, more restrictive regulations have been enacted to minimize the impact on sensitive waters. The trend is toward increasing regulation of both sewage and graywater. The most recent action occurred on 12 October 2005 when the Governor of California signed into law Senate Bill 771 regulating most ship liquid discharges within state waters. This paper describes the development of an innovative advanced wastewater treatment technology, based on advanced oxidation, bearing in mind the lessons learned from systems developed by industry over the past thirty years.
T‐AKE: Acquiring the Environmentally Sound Ship of the 21st Century
Authors: Markle Stephen P. , Gill Sean E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDepartment of Defense (DoD) program managers are increasingly challenged with the difficulties of balancing the risks associated with cost, schedule, and performance in an era of intense competition for increasingly scarce resources. Requirements associated with environmental, safety, and health (ESH), in the context of thirty to forty‐year service lives, have not been consistently, or in some cases adequately, addressed in DoD programs. Environmental protection (EP) requirements generally do not fit the normal requirements generation and product synthesis model typically applied to weapon system development. As with all requirements, early identification is the key to integration into the total system. Recognition that EP requirements must be integrated at program conception led to development of the ESH Integration Model by the U.S. Navy Lewis and Clark (T‐AKE) Auxiliary Cargo Ammunition Ship Program. Institutionalization of this model has enabled the T‐AKE Program to establish EP performance requirements for the twelve‐ship class that substantially reduce the environmental footprint of the Navy. Compared to the fifteen ships that it will be replacing, T‐AKE will require fifty percent less manning and reduce waste streams by seventy percent enabling an annual life cycle cost savings of $5M in ashore waste disposal costs. The T‐AKE Program has been the first to achieve the Chief of Naval Operations vision for the “Environmentally Sound Warship of the 21st Century” through design integration of EP requirements.
Genetic diversity and relationships amongPrunus cerasifera(cherry plum) clones
Authors: Horvath Aniko , Christmann Hélène , Laigret Frédéric 
Published: October 2008

Prunus cerasifera (Ehrh.) (cherry or Myrobalan plum) is a diverse species with several recognized subspecies and natural forms. It is used as rootstock or as an ornamental tree, and is considered to be one progenitor of the garden plum ( Prunus domestica L.). This study considers the genetic relationships among different P. cerasifera clones, including horticultural cultivars. Twenty nine P. cerasifera accessions of the Prunus Genetic Resources Collection of INRA were analysed using morphological traits, maternally inherited chloroplastic DNA (cpDNA) markers, and biparentally inherited microsatellite (SSR) markers. Ploidy information was obtained by flow cytometry. Multiple factorial correspondence analysis of morphological descriptors shows important differences between some clones, but most of the samples are grouped. Fifteen haplotypes of cpDNA were identified and clustered into three groups after statistical parsimony analysis. SSR markers revealed a total of 74 alleles, with a mean value of 10.6 alleles per locus. After analysis of ploidy level, P. cerasifera subsp. caspica was shown to have a hexaploid genome. Morphological and molecular data suggest that the taxonomic classification of some subspecies and of P. cerasifera subsp. caspica may need to be revised after analysis of additional individuals.
Construction and characterization of a sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) fosmid library
Authors: Lange Cornelia , Holtgräwe Daniela , Schulz Britta , Weisshaar Bernd , Himmelbauer Heinz 
Published: October 2008

A sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris ) fosmid library from the doubled haploid accession KWS2320 encompassing 115 200 independent clones was constructed and characterized. The average insert size of the fosmid library was determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis to be 39 kbp on average, thus representing 5.9-fold coverage of the sugar beet genome (758 Mbp). PCR screening of plate pools with primer pairs against nine sugar beet genes supported the insert size estimation. BLAST searches with 2951 fosmid end-sequences originating from 1510 clones (1536 clones attempted) revealed little contamination with organellar DNA (2.1% chloroplast DNA, 0.3% mitochondrial DNA). The sugar beet fosmid library will be integrated in the presently ongoing efforts to determine the sequence of the sugar beet genome. Fosmids will be publicly available in the format of plate pools and individual clones.
Comparison of genome structure between white clover and Medicago truncatula supports homoeologous group nomenclature based on conserved synteny
Authors: George Julie , Sawbridge Timothy I. , Cogan Noel O.I. , Gendall Anthony R. , Smith Kevin F. , Spangenberg German C. , Forster John W. 
Published: October 2008

Computational analysis has been used to align the genetic map of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) with the draft genome sequence of the model legume species Medicago truncatula Gaertn. In silico comparison based on white clover expressed sequence tags that contain simple sequence repeat loci revealed substantial macrosynteny between the genomes of these two species, which are closely related within the Trifolieae tribe of the Fabaceae family. Six of the eight homoeologous chromosome groups (HGs) of allotetraploid white clover show predominant relationships with single M. truncatula (Mt) chromosomes, while the two remaining groups may have participated in an evolutionary reciprocal translocation event. On this basis, a new chromosome nomenclature system for allotetraploid white clover is proposed such that HG A = 3, HG B = 8, HG C = 7, HG D = 4, HG E = 1, HG F = 2, HG G = 5, and HG H = 6. A rationalized linkage map ordering system has also been demonstrated. Improved knowledge of the relationships between agricultural and model forage legume genomes will facilitate prediction of gene location for key agronomic traits for pasture production.
Allelic analysis of stripe rust resistance genes on wheat chromosome 2BS
Authors: Luo P. G. , Hu X. Y. , Ren Z. L. , Zhang H. Y. , Shu K. , Yang Z. J. 
Published: October 2008

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiormis Westend f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Stripe rust resistance genes Yr27, Yr31, YrSp, YrV23, and YrCN19 on chromosome 2BS confer resistance to some or all Chinese P. striiormis f. sp. tritici races CYR31, CYR32, SY11-4, and SY11-14 in the greenhouse. To screen microsatellite (SSR) markers linked with YrCN19, F1, F2, and F3populations derived from cross Ch377/CN19 were screened with race CYR32 and 35 SSR primer pairs. Linkage analysis indicated that the single dominant gene YrCN19 in cultivar CN19 was linked with SSR markers Xgwm410, Xgwm374, Xwmc477, and Xgwm382 on chromosome 2BS with genetic distances of 0.3, 7.9, 12.3, and 21.2 cM, respectively. Crosses of CN19 with wheat lines carrying other genes on chromosome 2B showed that all were located at different loci. YrCN19 is thus different from the other reported Yr genes in chromosomal location and resistance response and was therefore named Yr41. Prospects and strategies of using Yr41 and other Yr genes in wheat improvement for stripe rust resistance are discussed.
Researching African Women and Gender Studies: New Social Science Perspectives
Authors: Adomako Ampofo Akosua , Beoku-Betts Josephine , Osirim Mary Johnson 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Research on African women and gender studies has grown substantially to a position where African-centered gender theories and praxis contribute to theorizing on global feminist scholarship. Africanist scholars in this field have explored new areas such as transnational and multiracial feminisms, both of which address the complex and interlocking conditions that impact women's lives and produce oppression, opportunity and privilege. In addition, emergent African-centered research on women and gender explores those critical areas of research frequently addressed in the global North which have historically been ignored or marginalized in the African context such as family, work, social and political movements, sexuality, health, technology, migration, and popular culture. This article examines these developments in African gender studies scholarship and highlights the contributions that new research on understudied linguistic populations, masculinity, migration, political development and social movements and the virtual world are making to global feminist discourse.
Senegalese Women and the Cyber Café: Online Dating and Aspirations of Transnational Migration in Ziguinchor
Authors: Venables Emilie 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this article, I show how young women in the Senegalese town of Ziguinchor are using Internet technologies as a way to communicate with European men in the hope of forming relationships that may lead to transnational migration. Rather than assessing the degree to which women are successful in their aspirations, I consider how online communication enables them to assert their agency and imagine a better future for themselves.
Changing Women's Exclusion from Politics: Examples from Southern Africa
Authors: Gouws Amanda 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis article analyses different dimensions of institutional politics, such as women's representation in government and state structures such as National Gender Machineries, as well as the impact that institutionalization has had on women's organizations. To improve women's representation in government the acceptance of quotas to increase the number of women in legislatures has made a difference, but it is still unclear if women's presence leads to power and policy influence. National gender machineries have not really changed conditions of inequality due to their cooptation by the state and their general dysfunctionality. The reliance on institutional politics has lead to a fragmentation and in some cases a demobilization of women's movements that has a negative effect on keeping governments accountable for women's equality. I conclude by arguing that direct action should shift to the transnational level, where feminist solidarity on that level can lead to changes on a local level.