bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humanistic Institution or Information Factory?
Authors: Saunders W.L. 
Published: March 2008

The problems facing university libraries in the last third of the twentieth century are considered, with special emphasis on the diificulties created by the increasing scale and complexity of world publication. This problem is being met in the USA by (i) systematic programmes of co-operative acquisitions and ( ii) by accepting the need for very large acquisition programmes for individual university libraries. British university library provision com pares very unfavourably with that of the USA, Australia, Western Germany and Canada, to the detriment of research activity, particularly in the humanities. If the scale of acquisitions does increase, as it should, this will bring professional and managerial problems of a totally different order from those of the past. The need for greatly improved reader services will also be accentuated, with a demand for corresponding increases in staff. The potential contribution of information science is considered, particularly the application of computers to university library problems. The implementation of shared cataloguing and the MARC programme is expected to release senior staff for reader service and other duties, including instruction in the use of the library: the teaching role of the library and its potential as the heart of a Faculty of Communication Studies is considered to be of special importance. Finally, reference is made to the implications for university libraries of computer based systems such as MEDLARS, specialized information centres and remote searching of computer banks of bibliographical materials.
The Logistics of Book Supply
Authors: Sharr F.A. 
Published: March 2008

The public library service in Western Australia is unlike any British service in that while the books are provided, owned and distributed, by a State agency, The Library Board of Western Australia, the service points are independent libraries controlled by local authorities. Due in part to this inter-governmental relationship but mainly in the interests of efficiency, it has been necessary to analyse and formalize the procedures involved in financial estimation, processing and allocation of books to libraries. The paper discusses the methods adopted to plan and control these three activities and indicates the principles upon which the methods are based. It is possible that the principles might have some application in other systems, both unitary as in Britain and State-aided as found in many overseas countries.
Patent Library Service in the United Kingdom
Authors: Duchesne Roderick M 
Published: March 2008

Twenty four UK libraries are officially listed as making UK patent literature freely available to all. A list of these libraries is given, arranged by Economic Planning Region, and observa tions are made on this system of patent libraries, its historical development, functions and costs. Considering the costs of the system, available statistics suggest that the present level of use does not justify the maintenance of some of the present provincial patent collections. Possible reasons are given for differences in levels of use between individual libraries. The main conclusion drawn is that, at a given level of expenditure, the system of patent libraries would be more effective if its resources were concentrated in fewer, but larger libraries. These libraries should offer facilities not greatly inferior to NRLSI facilities for UK and the most heavily used foreign patent literature, and should be sited with regard to the distribution of population and industry in UK. It is observed that the suggestions made accord with the general approach of the National Libraries Committee and represent a continuation of longstanding trends in the development of the system.
Criteria for the Evaluation of Public Library Services
Authors: Jones Arthur 
Published: March 2008

Evaluation must be based on a clear conception of objectives. A list of objectives is suggested, and questions to be answered about each. The provision of resources can most easily be quantified and evaluated statistically. A basic technique, to be used with discretion, is comparison with standards and norms. These are tabulated for a number of aspects of the public library service, as a basis for comparison. An edited version of a paper presented at the Library Association, London and Home Counties Branch, course for senior librarians, June 1970.
The Practice of Classification: a study towards standardization
Authors: Bruin Joyce E. 
Published: March 2008

An examination of the problems encountered by the British National Bibliography in applying a "standard" Decimal Classification notation to new books in parallel with the practice of the Decimal Classification Division of the Library of Congress; and of the implica tions for standardization of practice generally in this field. This article is an edited version of the paper given by the author at the Cataloguing &. Indexing Group Seminar "Subject to Information", Aberystwyth, April 1970.
Overlap of Acquisitions in the University of London Libraries: a study and a methodology
Authors: Urquhart John A. , Schofield J.L. 
Published: March 2008

The orders from forty-nine of fifty-nine University of London libraries were collected for a period of six months. A stratified sample of the orders was recorded on card and filed by country of publication. Coded details on each card gave the title and author of each order, the library making the order, the week of ordering, the publication date and the country of the publisher. Altogether 40000 orders were collected and 5000 were recorded and filed. Orders for the same publication were stapled together and placed in the duplicate file. About half the orders received were for BNB material; a third of the orders were for current BNB material. The results revealed comparatively little duplication even over a period of six months. An examination of the change of duplication with time showed that most publications were ordered on a random basis even over the six-month period. From the data received it was possible to give maximum estimates for the overlap in a twelve-month period and the eventual catalogue overlap of 1970 material.
Books in English: a comparative assessment
Authors: Ayres F.H. 
Published: March 2008

Report of a survey carried out at the University of Bradford to compare the effectiveness of Books in English with conventional tools. The survey was carried out over a period of a year, and samples were taken from the weekly acquisitions intake of the University of Bradford. The sample was checked in three British and three American bibliographies as well as Books in English. In addition to measuring the overall success rate, the number of checks which were carried out were compared with the success rate to give a checks per success rate ( C/S). The results showed that Books in English compared favourably with other checking tools, and that if it were to adopt a monthly cumulation policy it could achieve a very high success rate and a much better C/S rate. An important and disturbing finding of the survey was the very high total failure rate: 9.8% of the sample were not found in any of the bibliographies.
Evaluation of an Academic Libra's Stock Effectiveness
Authors: Schofield J.L. , Cooper A. , Waters D.H. 
Published: March 2008

Stock failure rate is a useful indicator for any librarian interested in the continued per formance of his stock in meeting reader needs. It is possible, using this failure survey method, to obtain a precise statement of failure rate. The survey provides information on the proportion of failure due to "titles not owned", "titles not available", and "reader error". Failure slips provide useful additional information on the experiences of library users and on the adequacy of their searching procedures. The method covers a short period and is simple enough for use as a monitor on stock effectiveness. The effects of policy changes on the level of availability such as a variation in the length of the loan period can be examined. Precise failure rates can be produced fairly readily from the data collected by a few interviewers from a small, predetermined number of interviews in one week. It is also possible, using the suggested methodology, to obtain a ratio of internal : external use of books by subject. This project was carried out between June 1974 and February 1975, when Mr. Waters was on secondment to the LMRU. The Unit is supported by grant aid from tht British Library Research and Development Department. The views expressed in this report are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the British Library Research and Development Department or the Unit's Steering Committee.
Delinquent Readers: a study of the problem in university libraries
Authors: Souter G.H. 
Published: March 2008

The article is concerned with the delinquent reader problem in British university libraries, taking the term "delinquent reader" to mean: a user of the library who overborrows to a high degree; or retains books after they have been recalled; or illegally borrows, steals or mutilates books. It appears that reader delinquency is already serious in some university libraries, and that it is tending to increase. It affects all physical forms of library material, and all subject fields (but especially the social sciences). Three parties are involved when reader delinquency occurs: the library, the delinquent reader, and the mass of other readers. In the library context, many factors—including security, availability of material, photocopying facilities, and sanctions—are interconnected. The librarian must know which of the variables to manipulate, which to maintain unchanged; and if he makes the wrong decisions, he will positively encourage reader delinquency. There are indications that the mass of non-delinquent readers are guilty of encouraging delinquent behaviour, by failing to condemn retention after recall, overborrowing, illegal borrowing, and even, in some universities, stealing. The typical initiator of delinquent behaviour is a habitually selfish person. His attitude is that the library is to be exploited in his personal interests, whatever the cost to others. He does not consider himself dishonest, or think that what he does is wrong.
Evaluation of the Academic Library: Space Allocation
Authors: Schofield J.L. , Waters D.H. 
Published: March 2008

Although there is now a corpus of principles and techniques on planning a layout we consider it opportune in view of some recent reviews of space norms, to present a practical method which librarians can use to evaluate space in their libraries. This is the second project1 by the Cambridge University Library Management Research Unit in the series on evaluating the various services and functions of the academic library. The overall aim of the series is to find ways of measuring the benefits from and the effective ness of the various library functions and services, with a view to the eventual production of practical data collection techniques to assist librarians in the evaluation of their libraries. Whilst complete cost accounting is not always practical and necessary when installing changes in an organization, a degree of costing is useful to illustrate the benefits which will accrue from adopting new methods and to illustrate that the expenditure of money will result in economies and/or enhanced utilization. We feel that the relative allocation of space provides a more meaningful basis for comparison between libraries than building costs.
Danish Academic Libraries
Authors: Davies Roy 
Published: March 2008

Denmark is a country with an advanced research library system differing in many respects from the British one. The inter-relationships of the university and national libraries and their place in the educational system are described and recent developments in classification and cataloguing, library instruction, documentation and automation are surveyed. Possible lessons for British librarians are also considered. This article is based upon a report on a study tour submitted to the Welsh Library Association which awarded the author its Travelling Bursary for 1975. The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Mr. Palle Birkelund, the National Librarian of Denmark, who read the original manuscript and made many helpful suggestions.
Education for Library Management in African Schools
Authors: Nzotta Briggs C. 
Published: March 2008

African library schools affirm reasons put forward for the teaching of management. The management syllabuses in these schools cover most of the topics expected to be treated in such courses. The teachers possess most of the requisite qunlifications for their job; but some necessary teaching aids are not available. While lecturing is the prevailing teaching method, a few other methods are being tried out. The situation in Africa is found to be similar to those in Britain and the United States. This article is based on a chapter of the author's unpublished M.A. dissertation, The teaching of management in African library schools, Loughborough University of Technology, 1975.
Scannin the Operational Environment: the librarian's role
Authors: Kennington Don 
Published: March 2008

The growth of corporate planning has increased the need for scanning from documentary sources. This process provides a crucial information input to effective organizations of all sizes and types. Govcrnment and industry especially have a need for strategic information in decision making and this need is analysed. The paper continues by describing the alternative scanning modes and rules based on a model developed by F. J. Aguilar.1 The role of libraries and information specialists in this complex situation is considered and particularly the apparent underuse of their specialist skills by management. The paper concludes by suggesting that further studies, in an area regarded by the author as the most important single function carried out by a special library, should be initiated. Any opinions and conclusions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the policy of the Greater London Council.
Patent documents: anticipated changes which will affect libraries
Authors: Hill M.W. 
Published: March 2008

On 1st June 1978, a new UK Patents Act comes into operation. On the same date the European Patent Convention and the Patent Co-operation Treaty become operational from the inventor's point of view. Ench of these will give rise to new publications and the three together will create quite a complex network of interacting publication channels. A brief, sometimes over-simplified, account is given of changes in those aspects of the procedures involved in patenting which have an influence on publications. There then follows a description based on such information as has so far been made available about the publications themselves, specifications, indexes etc., and expected documentation practice. Finally atterrtion is drawn to the possibility that the interest aroused by the new Act may create an opportunity both for bringing home to research and development workers and a wide range of other people the value of patent documents as a source of information and for implanting in them an understanding that, with a little training, patents are not difficult to use. The views expressed in this article and interpretations of the situation are entirely the author's own and do not represent the views of the British Library nor an official statement on behalf of the Patent Office.
Characteristics of the literature used by English musicologists
Authors: Baker David 
Published: March 2008

A total of 7433 footnote references from articles in three English musicological journals— Music and letters, Music review and Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association over the period 1965 to 1974 were analysed according to form of publication (manuscript or printed), bibliographical form, place and date of publication and, where appropriate, lan guage. The articles from which the data was gathered were also analysed according to country, century and composer with which they were primarily concerned. References to periodical articles were also analysed separately according to frequency of citation within the three journals. To complement the footnote analysis, a questionnaire was sent to a re presentative selection of English musicologists asking them to specify which materials they used in the preparation of their periodical articles. The results of the two surveys are discussed in the context of bibliometric research in other areas as well as present-day musical scholarship itself. Attention is drawn to those biblio graphical forms which, for no apparent reason, appear to be under used. Suggestions are made as to the practical uses the results of the study could have for librarians and musicologists.
Professional education for librarianship in Denmark
Authors: Rasmussen Radha 
Published: March 2008

The Royal Danish School of Librarianship was established in 1956. In 1973 a branch campus of the library school was established in Aalborg. A descriptive and critical account of education for librarianship in Denmark isgiven. The final report of the Library Commis sion and the complete revision of the 1964 Public Library Law, both due to be tabled in Parliament in 1980, or later, may have implications for the future pattern of library education in Denmark. The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Mr Viggo Bredsdorff, The Acting Rector, Mr Leif Kajberg, Head of Research and Publications, and Mr Poul Steen Larsen, Head of Department, all from the Royal Danish School of Librarianship, who read the manuscript and made valuable comments. The opinions expressed in the article are, however, entirely the author's.
The English provincial evening newspaper and its library: a view from the wapentakes1
Authors: Gee Ralph 
Published: March 2008

The scarce literature on news libraries has not done sufficient justice to the British provincial newspaper, of which there are many more than nationals, and wherein there are problems, solutions, and attitudes worthy of professional interest. The article presents differences between the national and the provincial press. It demonstrates how these are reflected by the provincial readers and their relationships with the newspaper and its library, and in turn how the library's cuttings files reflect the information interests of a local community. Some attention is paid to the legal implications of publicly accessible files. The existence of two newly formed groups of newspaper librarians is noted.
Sulpha allergy in lupus patients: a clinical perspective
Authors: Jeffries M , Bruner G , Glenn S , Sadanandan P , Carson CW , Harley JB , Sawalha AH 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, relapsing autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems. An increased prevalence of drug allergy has been reported in lupus patients compared with the general population. Using a cohort of 417 lupus patients, we found a history of sulpha allergy in 27.3% of patients. European-American lupus patients with sulpha allergy are about two times more likely to suffer from lymphopenia, two times more likely to have anti-Ro autoantibody, and four times less likely to have anti-nRNP antibodies compared with lupus patients without a reported sulpha allergy ( P = 0.0075, 0.025, and 0.032, respectively). In African-American lupus patients, a history of sulpha allergy was associated with over three times increased odds of developing pericarditis ( P = 0.005).
Antiphospholipid antibodies induce vascular functional changes in mice: a mechanism of vascular lesions in antiphospholipid syndrome?
Authors: Belizna C , Lartigue A , Favre J , Gilbert D , Tron F , Lévesque H , Thuillez C , Richard V 
Published: March 2008

Abstract A premature atherosclerosis has been presumed in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. The potential role of antiphospholipid antibodies in the development of atheroma is rather controversial. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that antiphospholipid antibodies could induce atherosclerosis via vascular functional changes. CD1 mice received one single injection of antiphospholipid monoclonal antibodies derived from male (BXSB × NZW) F1 mice with a lupus-like disease associated with an antiphospholipid syndrome and coronary artery disease. One week later, first-order mesenteric arteries (diameter 220–260 μm) were isolated and mounted on a small-vessel myograph for the measurement of the relaxation responses to acetylcholine or the NO donor nitroprusside after precontraction by phenylephrine. Five out of eight antiphospholipid monoclonal antibodies reduced the response to acetylcholine compared with control mice, and this effect was especially marked with one of them. No change in the response to nitroprusside was observed. The impairment was maintained after 3 weeks of treatment and appeared related to a moderate decrease in NO-mediated responses and a marked decrease in prostanoid-mediated relaxations. These vascular functional changes could be prevented by chronic treatment with statins or aspirin. These data could constitute additional elements supporting a direct pathogenic role of antiphospholipid antibodies. We suggest that a sub-population of these autoantibodies could be responsible for the endothelial dysfunction observed in antiphospholipid syndrome.
Lower extremity vein graft failure: a translational approach
Authors: Owens Christopher D , Ho Karen J , Conte Michael S 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Patients with the most severe manifestations of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease often require peripheral bypass surgery for limb salvage and preservation of function. Although good quality saphenous vein offers the most durable conduit for reconstruction, 5-year failure rates are 30–50% and have remained largely unchanged for the past two decades. The majority of these failures occur within the first year of implantation, which is regarded as the most biologically active time during which the vein graft adapts to the arterial environment. Although intimal hyperplasia is generally regarded as the primary culprit of vein graft failure, geometric remodeling of the healing vein graft has recently emerged as a potentially significant contributing factor. While hemodynamic forces, including an increase in shear stress and wall tension, are undoubtedly central to the magnitude and direction of vein graft remodeling, we have determined that these forces alone cannot account for the extent of variability noted in early remodeling patterns. Therefore, we hypothesize that circulating factors, such as mediators of inflammation, may modulate the vein graft response to mechanical forces. This article reviews the definition and diagnosis of vein graft failure and summarizes our current efforts to understand the mechanisms of normal and abnormal vein graft adaptation to the arterial environment.