bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐dose radiotherapy for multicystic benign lymphoepithelial lesions of the parotid gland in HIV‐positive patients: Long‐term results
Authors: Beitler Jonathan J. , Vikram Bhadrasain , Silver Carl E. , Rubin John S. , Bello Jacqueline A. , Mitnick Robin J. , Gejerman Glen , Davis Lawrence W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. Multicystic benign lymphoepithelial lesions of the parotid gland (BLL) seen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can produce considerable cosmetic deformity as well as physical discomfort. We previously reported our preliminary results with low‐dose radiotherapy in this disease, and all 8 patients were satisfied with the initial improvement in their appearance. We now report the long‐term follow‐up of those patients and additional patients.Methods. Twelve HIV‐positive patients with BLL were treated with 8–10 Gy of external radiation using 2‐Gy daily fractions. Objective responses and subjective duration of patient‐defined cosmetic control were recorded.Results. All 12 patients (100%) had at least a 50% decrease in the size of their parotid masses. Five of 12 (42%) had a complete response and 7 (58%) had a partial response. Persisting complete response was achieved in only 1 patient, however, with relapse in the other 11 patients. Cosmetic palliation, as judged by the patients, was achieved for a median of 9.5 months. Eight patients were subsequently retreated with doses of 6–16 Gy (median and mode: 10 Gy). None (0%) of the 8 patients retreated achieved local control.Conclusions. Very low‐dose radiation (8–10 Gy) provides reliable but temporary cosmetic palliation for BLL. Retreatment was unsatisfactory, and we are now investigating higher initial doses of radiation to prolong palliation and eliminate recurrences. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Composite mucochondral flap for repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks
Authors: Friedman Michael , Venkatesan T. K. , Caldarelli David D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks from defects in the anterior cranial fossa present a difficult management problem. Particularly when the defects are large, conventional techniques may not be sufficient to close them. We describe a new technique for treating such CSF leaks using a composite mucochondral flap from the nasal septum.Methods. We treated five patients with the composite mucochondral flap. All patients were women aged 29–60 years. Two patients had an encephalocele, one had an esthesioneuroblastoma, and one had adenocarcinoma; one leak was spontaneous.Results. The CSF leak was successfully closed in all five patients. No patients have experienced recurrence; the longest follow‐up has been 39 months. The donor site on the septum healed without complication in all patients.Conclusions. The composite flap is useful for repairing large defects or after radiotherapy or trauma. The advantage of skeletal support to counter the pressure exerted by CSF seems clear.
Simulation of the soil wetting shape under porous pipe sub‐irrigation using dimensional analysis
Authors: Qiaosheng Shu , Zuoxin Liu , Zhenying Wang , Haijun Liang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBased on the discharge characteristics test for a porous pipe used widely in greenhouse sub‐irrigation in west Liaoning Province, China, Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) was applied to monitor the process of soil water movement during sub‐irrigation. A model to determine the soil wetting shape was developed using a dimensional analysis method. Statistical analysis revealed that this model has a high accuracy in simulating the wetted soil shape, demonstrating that there was no significant difference between predicted and observed soil wetted width under different depths. It showed that one simple model could also be used to simulate the shape of the wetting area under a porous pipe sub‐irrigation system, which was expected to provide aids for deciding depth and intervals of pipes and designing a sub‐irrigation scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of sericin‐free silk fibers for ligament tissue engineering application
Authors: Liu Haifeng , Ge Zigang , Wang Yue , Toh Siew Lok , Sutthikhum Vallaya , Goh James C. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBiomedical application of silk requires the removal of sericin that is the gumming material of native silk fibers. This is because sericin can elicit an adverse immune response after implantation in the human body. However, the removal of sericin causes the silk fiber to fray and weakens its structural property, making it very difficult to knit or braid them into a scaffold for ligament tissue engineering applications. The aim of this study was to replace sericin with gelatin using NDGA as a cross‐linking agent to biomimic the natural structure of native silk fibers. The physical properties and biocompatibility of the modified and native silk fibers were compared by in vitro and in vivo models. The mechanical and swelling properties of sericin‐free silk fibers were greatly increased after modification with gelatin. Both modified and native silk fibers were shown to be nontoxic by in vitro cytotoxicity tests. The in vivo study demonstrated that the modified silk fibers, after 4 weeks' subcutaneous implantation in rats, caused little or no inflammatory reaction as compared with native silk fibers. The superior mechanical properties and lower inflammatory potential of modified silk fibers make them a promising candidate for ligament tissue engineering applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Long‐term variations in mechanical properties and in vivo degradability of CPC/PLGA composite
Authors: Dagang Guo , Haoliang Sun , Kewei Xu , Yong Han 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new type of bone cement composite was successfully achieved by mixing degradable biosecure polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) fibers with high initial strength calcium phosphate cement (CPC). Its higher initial strength was mainly responsible for the in situ reinforcing effect of residual tetra‐calcium phosphate monoxide (r‐TTCP) particles reported in our previous work. So this bone cement composite containing fibers and the controlling group could be termed as CPC/PLGA composite and pure CPC or fiber‐free group, respectively. In this study, we had investigated mechanical properties and microstructures of the CPC/PLGA composite immersed in 0.9% saline solution for different time and its in vivo degradation behaviors after implanting in rabbit muscle and femur bone, respectively. Results showed that the incorporation of the degradable fibers not only greatly increased the initial toughness and flexural strength of the CPC/PLGA composite but also significantly improved its later osteo‐conduction as well as degradation rate. The rabbit muscle implant tests showed that the weight loss ratio of the CPC/PLGA composite increased by 41.03% as compared to the pure CPC. And the rabbit femur implant tests showed that the composite exhibits outstanding biocompatibility and bioactivity and more excellent osteoconduction and degradability than the pure CPC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Improved bone ingrowth and fixation with a thin calcium phosphate coating intended for complete resorption
Authors: Reigstad O. , Franke‐Stenport V. , Johansson C. B. , Wennerberg A. , Røkkum M. , Reigstad A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBonit® is claimed to be a resorbable electrochemically deposited calcium phosphate coating consisting mainly of brushite, which is a hydroxyapatite precursor. This study involved a comparison of Ti6Al4V screw‐shaped implants with and without a 15 ± 5 μm Bonit coating in rabbit tibia and femur, after 6 and 12 weeks of insertion. The biomechanical removal torque test showed significantly increased values for the coated implants after 12 weeks (p < 0.05) but not after 6 weeks of integration. Higher bone‐implant contact was found for the coated implants in the tibia after 6 weeks and for both tibial and femoral screws after 12 weeks (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the inflammatory reaction around the implants, and possible grains of the coating could be detected after 6 weeks, but not after 12 weeks of follow‐up. This unloaded short‐term study has shown promising results for the easily applicable and resorbable coat (Bonit) compared to uncoated titanium‐alloy implants. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Antimicrobial properties of nanocrystalline tetracalcium phosphate cements
Authors: Gbureck Uwe , Knappe Oliver , Hofmann Norbert , Barralet Jake E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antimicrobial properties of cements prepared from mechanically activated tetracalcium phosphate (maTTCP) were tested with the agar diffusion test using Streptococcus salivarius, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and a clinically isolated plaque mixture. All maTTCP cements showed a significantly higher antimicrobial potency as revealed by inhibition zones of ∼3–5 mm width, compared with a commercial Ca(OH)2//salicylate cement which only produced small inhibition zones around the cement specimens of 1.5 mm or less. This behavior was explained by the formation of amorphous Ca(OH)2 during setting of maTTCP cements, which is thought to have a higher solubility and may release more OH− ions than conventional Ca(OH)2//salicylate cements. In fact, the pH value in the agar gel around the specimens was higher in the case of maTTCP cements (7.8–8.7) compared with the Ca(OH)2//salicylate control (7.0–8.0). The maTTCP cements did not affect the photoactivation of resin‐based composites, and their antimicrobial activity is making them interesting candidates for the use as pulp‐capping agents, endodontic sealers, or cavity liners in dentistry. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Investigation as to the osteoinductivity of macroporous calcium phosphate cement in goats
Authors: Bodde Esther W. H. , Cammaert Camille T. R. , Wolke Joop G. C. , Spauwen Paul H. M. , Jansen John A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor bone formation in critical‐sized or poor healing defects, osteoinductive behavior of synthetic bone grafts is crucial. Although the osteoconductive behavior of calcium phosphate (CaP) cement is generally accepted, its osteoinductive potential is less reported. In this study, osteoinduction of porous CaP cement was investigated. Four goats received each six subcutaneous placed prehardened porous CaP cement implants. Implantation time was 3 and 6 months. After explantation, histological evaluation and scoring with a histological grading scale for soft‐tissue implants were performed. The histological sections revealed that the implants degraded for more than 50% over time. The implants had lost their macroporous structure from 3 months on. A medium‐thick fibrous capsule with a few inflammatory cells surrounded the implants after 3 months. This capsule significantly decreased in thickness after 6 months. Throughout the implant ingrowth of fibrous tissue was seen with scattered foci of inflammatory cells. Cement particles were surrounded by a layer of inflammatory cells. The massive inflammatory response in the interstice was seen after 3 months, which disappeared after 6 months implantation. No bone formation was detected in any of the specimens. The fast degradation and thereby collapsing of the porous structure of our CaP cement implant might have prevented osteoinduction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
The spectrum of additive BIB designs
Authors: Sawa M. , Matsubara K. , Matsumoto D. , Kiyama H. , Kageyama S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this article, the existence of additive BIB designs is discussed with direct and recursive constructions, together with investigation of a property of resolvability. Such designs can be used to construct infinite families of BIB designs. In particular, we obtain a series of B(sn,tsm, λt(tsm − 1) (sn‐m − 1)/[2(sm − 1)]) for any positive integer λ, such thatsn(sn − 1) λ ≡ 0 (modsm(sm − 1) and for any positive integertwith 2 ≤ t ≤ sn‐m, wheresis an odd prime power. Connections between additive BIB designs and other combinatorial objects such as multiply nested designs and perpendicular arrays are discussed. A construction of resolvable BIB designs withv = 4kis also proposed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 15: 235–254, 2007
Remarks on the second neighborhood problem
Authors: Fidler D. , Yuster R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe second neighborhood conjecture of Seymour asserts that for any orientation G = (V,E), there exists a vertex υ ∈ V so that |N+(υ)| ≤ |N++(υ)|. The conjecture was resolved by Fisher for tournaments. In this article, we prove the second neighborhood conjecture for several additional classes of dense orientations. We also prove some approximation results, and reduce an asymptotic version of the conjecture to a finite case. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 55: 208–220, 2007
Relationships between total domination, order, size, and maximum degree of graphs
Authors: Yeo Anders 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA total dominating set, S, in a graph, G, has the property that every vertex in G is adjacent to a vertex in S. The total dominating number, γt(G) of a graph G is the size of a minimum total dominating set in G. Let G be a graph with no component of size one or two and with Δ(G) ≥ 3. In 6, it was shown that |E(G)| ≤ Δ(G) (|V(G)|–γt(G)) and conjectured that |E(G)| ≤ (Δ(G)+3) (|V(G)|–γt(G))/2 holds. In this article, we prove that $\leq (\Delta(G)+ 2\sqrt{\Delta}) (|V(G)| - \gamma_{t}(G))/2$ holds and that the above conjecture is false as there for every Δ exist Δ‐regular bipartite graphs G with |E(G)| ≥ (Δ+0.1 ln(Δ)) (|V(G)|–γt(G))/2. The last result also disproves a conjecture on domination numbers from 8. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 55: 325–337, 2007
Sulfur and nitrogen supply influence growth, product appearance, and glucosinolate concentration of broccoli
Authors: Schonhof Ilona , Blankenburg Dirk , Müller Siegfried , Krumbein Angelika 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of insufficient and optimal sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) supply on plant growth and glucosinolate formation were studied under controlled experimental conditions in broccoli “Monaco”. Here, we report on the interaction between S and N supply, plant growth, and quality parameters and discuss the relevance of this interaction in relation to crop‐management strategies. Broccoli plants supplied with insufficient amounts of S or N showed typical deficiency symptoms and yield decreases. In contrast, total glucosinolate concentrations were high at insufficient N supply, independent of the S level, and low at insufficient S supply in combination with an optimal N supply. This was mainly due to the presence of the alkyl glucosinolates glucoraphanin and glucoiberin. Furthermore, with S concentrations above 6 g (kg DM)–1 and an N : S ratio lower than 10:1, the glucosinolate concentrations were on average around 0.33 g (kg fresh matter)–1 and differed significantly from those plants characterized by an S concentration below 6 g (kg DM)–1 and an N : S ratio above 10:1. In addition, N : S ratios between 7:1 and 10:1 promoted plant yield and enhanced overall appearance. Therefore, to produce broccoli (and potentially other Brassicaceae) with higher crop yields and enhanced product quality in the field, it is vital to establish the optimal S and N nutritional status of the plant and to integrate this information into crop‐management strategy programs.
Some cesium and potassium salts increase the water permeability of astomatous isolated plant cuticles
Authors: Elshatshat Salem , Schreiber Lukas , Schönherr Jörg 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSalts were applied as aqueous solution to the outer surfaces of astomatous isolated cuticles, and the water was allowed to evaporate. Effects of salt residues on the surfaces of cuticles on water permeability of cuticles were measured at 25°C. A surface dose of 0.2 mol m–2 Cs2CO3 and K2CO3 increased the water permeability of pear leaf cuticles by factors of 9.9 and 3.9, respectively. Na2CO3 was barely effective, and Li2CO3 as well as (NH4)2CO3 had no influence on water permeability. Potassium applied as sulfate, nitrate, or chloride had no effect on the water permeability of pear leaf cuticles, while K+ salts of weak acids (0.2 mol m–2) were effective, as they increased water permeability by factors of 5.4 (K+‐acetate), 3.9 (K2CO3), and 2.0 (K2HPO4), respectively. Sensitivity of Idesia polycarpa leaf cuticles to treatment with K2CO3 at 0.2 mol m–2 was greatest as water permeability was increased 35‐fold, while the water permeability of cuticles from other species tested (astomatous leaf cuticles from Hedera helix, Citrus aurantium, Prunus laurocerasus, Pyrus communis, and Populus canescens; fruit cuticles from Capsicum annuum and Lycopersicon esculentum) increased only by factors ranging from 1.7 to 3.9. Data are discussed in relation to swelling and ion‐exchange properties of cuticles.
Transport of phosphorus in leaf veins of Vicia faba L.
Authors: Hüve Katja , Merbach Wolfgang , Remus Rainer , Lüttschwager Dietmar , Wittenmayer Lutz , Hertel Klaus , Schurr Ulrich 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe plant nutrient phosphorus (P) is spread throughout the plant within the transpiration stream after uptake in the form of phosphate via the roots. Short‐term distribution is therefore strongly dependent on transpiration rather than on sinks, so that P mainly enters adult leaves. The objective of this work was to investigate the transport of phosphate in leaf veins and its distribution within the leaf. Experiments were performed with broad bean (Vicia faba L. var. Scirocco) using radioactively labeled phosphate. In a relatively new approach, the tracer was monitored by a sensitive imaging plate using Fujifilm's Bioimaging Analyzer System. Radioactive label could be monitored in fresh leaves (without fixing) using exposure times of only 5–20 min. For this reason, the method offered the possibility to obtain several subsequent autoradiographic images of the same sample after different feeding times. Phosphate tracer quickly reached small veins, which were then more intensely labeled than the tissue between them. Within the first 15 min, intercostal fields were only slightly stained. After application of phosphate tracer onto the leaf blade, export from the leaf was pronounced and started within 30 min. Phosphorus is effectively redistributed from adult leaves to sinks such as the terminal bud or growing root tips. Using the imaging method, an impression of the high velocity and effectiveness of this process was obtained. The results furthermore imply that leaf veins may be one of the most important locations where exchange between xylem and phloem transport takes place, although exchange between xylem and phloem was also observed in the shoot axis and in the petioles.
Dynamics of 13C‐labeled mustard litter (Sinapis alba) in particle‐size and aggregate fractions in an agricultural cropland with high‐ and low‐yield areas
Authors: Kölbl Angelika , von Lützow Margit , Rumpel Cornelia , Munch Jean Charles , Kögel‐Knabner Ingrid 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe application of 13C‐labeled litter enables to study decomposition processes as well as the allocation of litter‐derived carbon to different soil C pools. 13Carbon‐labeled mustard litter was used in order to compare decomposition processes in an agricultural cropland with high‐yield (HY) and low‐yield (LY) areas, the latter being characterized by a finer texture and a lower organic‐C (OC) content. After tracer application, 13C concentrations were monitored in topsoil samples in particulate organic matter (POM) and in fine mineral fractions (silt‐ and clay‐sized fractions).After 568 d, approximately 5% and 10% of the initial 13C amount were found in POM fractions of LY and HY areas, respectively. Higher amounts were found in POM occluded in aggregates than in free POM. Medium‐term (0.5–2 y) storage of the initial 13C in fine silt‐ and clay‐sized fractions amounts to 10% in HY and LY soils, with faster enrichment but also faster disappearance of the 13C signal from LY soils. Amounts of 80%–90% of the added 13C were mineralized or leached in the observed period. Decomposition of free POM was faster in HY than in LY areas during the first year, but the remaining 13C amounts in occluded‐POM fractions were higher in HY soils after 568 d. High‐yield and low‐yield areas showed different 13C dynamics in fine mineral fractions. In LY soils, 13C amounts and concentrations in mineral‐associated fractions increased within 160 d after application and decreased in the following time period. In HY areas, a significant increase in 13C amounts did not occur until after 568 d. The results indicate initially faster decomposition processes in HY than in LY areas due to different soil conditions, such as soil texture and water regime. The higher silt and clay contents of LY areas seem to promote a faster aggregate formation and turnover, leading to a closer contact between POM and mineral surfaces in this area. This favors the OC storage in fine mineral fractions in the medium term. Lower aggregate formation and turnover in the coarser textured HY soil leads to a delayed C stabilization in silt‐ and clay‐sized fractions.
Effect of alternative anions (Cl–vs. SO$ _4^{2-} $) on concentrations of free amino acids in young tea plants
Authors: Ruan Jianyun , Gerendás Jóska , Haerdter Rolf , Sattelmacher Burkhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe quality of green tea is highly dependent on the concentration of free amino acids, whose profile is dominated by the unique amino acid theanine (N5‐ethyl‐glutamine). A high quality is associated with a high amino acid–to–catechin ratio, but previous results indicated that excessive chloride (Cl–) supply is detrimental for amino acid accumulation. Several experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of chloride on growth and concentrations of free amino acids in young tea plants. Soil‐grown tea plants supplied with different levels of potassium (K) as K2SO4 or KCl exhibited increased concentrations of free amino acid in young shoots only when supplied with K2SO4, and the negative effect of KCl supply was mainly due to a reduced concentration of theanine. Concentrations of other nutrients in plant tissues were not influenced. The uptake of Cl– and its interaction with nitrogen (N) uptake were further investigated in a second experiment, in which soil‐cultivated tea plants were supplied with varying amounts of Cl–. Chloride application reduced yield of young shoots, and severity of leaf damage was related to the concentration of Cl– in leaves. Nitrogen uptake was reduced by Cl– addition. To verify whether the decrease of free amino acids was simply a result of inhibited NO$ _3^- $ assimilation, a third experiment was conducted, in which tea plants were NH$ _4^+ $‐fed in the absence or presence (equivalent to the NH$ _4^+ $ concentration) of Cl–. Again, concentrations of theanine and total free amino acids in young shoots were reduced by Cl– supply, but changes of the free–amino acid pool did not contribute to the maintenance of charge balance. However, concentration of theanine in roots, where it is synthesized, was not influenced by Cl–. Total N concentrations of roots and mature leaves, uptake rate of NH$ _4^+ $, and activity of glutamine synthetase in fibrous roots and young leaves were all unaffected by Cl– as well. It is suggested that translocation of theanine from root to shoot and its catabolism in young shoots might be influenced by Cl–.