bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes and Beliefs of Physical Therapists and Physical Therapist Students Toward Working With Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Omaña Humberto , Sureshkumar Ashvene , Äijö Marja , Hunter Susan W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to systematically review physical therapists’ and physical therapist students’ attitudes toward working with older adults.

Methods
CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, and SocIndex databases were searched in duplicate (from inception to March 2023). Studies that assessed knowledge on aging, intention to work with older adults or attitudes toward older adults for physical therapist students and/or clinicians, and that were written in English, Finnish, Spanish, or Swedish were included. Grey literature, qualitative studies, or articles of people with a specific diagnosis (eg, dementia) were excluded. All articles were reviewed by 2 authors independently, and consensus was required for inclusion. Data extraction was completed using a standardized data extraction sheet.

Results
Of 2755 articles screened, 34 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies recruited only physical therapist students, 6 recruited only physical therapist clinicians, and 3 involved mixed samples of both. Ten intervention studies were included, all of which recruited physical therapist students. Overall, physical therapist students were observed to have predominantly positive attitudes toward older adults, while clinicians had neutral to weak positive attitudes toward older adults. Both physical therapist students and clinicians were observed to have low knowledge on aging and low intentions to work with older adults. Results from intervention studies suggest that education combined with clinical experience with older adults improves attitudes toward older adults.

Conclusion
A discrepancy is observed in physical therapists in that although attitudes toward older adults are positive, a lack of knowledge on aging and a disinterest in working with older adults exists. Intervention studies suggest that clinical experience may improve attitudes toward older adults in physical therapist students.

Impact
Predominantly positive attitudes toward older adults are reported by physical therapist students, while for clinicians mixed results are observed. Education coupled with clinical experiences appears to be effective interventions to improve attitudes toward older adults, but such research has only been explored in student samples.
Efficacy of Physical Activity Promoting Interventions in Physical Therapy and Exercise Therapy for Persons With Noncommunicable Diseases: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Jung Andres , Geidl Wolfgang , Matting Leon , Hoessel Lina-Marie , Siemens Waldemar , Sudeck Gorden , Pfeifer Klaus 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to synthesize the evidence from systematic reviews on the efficacy of physical therapy and exercise therapy, including interventional elements explicitly aiming at physical activity promotion (PAP) in patients with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).

Methods
PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from inception to February 28, 2023. Two independent reviewers screened the literature to identify systematic reviews that evaluated the effects of physical therapy and exercise therapy, including PAP interventions. Patient-reported and device-based measures of physical activity (PA) outcomes were included. Qualitative and quantitative data from systematic reviews were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Assessment of the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was performed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). We assessed primary study overlap by calculating the corrected covered area and conducted the evidence synthesis in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.

Results
Fourteen systematic reviews were included in the present overview, including patients with a variety of NCDs. Most included systematic reviews had critically low (n = 5) to low (n = 7) methodological quality. Most meta-analyses (67%; 8/12) provided evidence supporting the short- and long-term efficacy of PAP interventions, but not all pooled estimates were clinically relevant. Only three of the systematic reviews with meta-analysis included an assessment of the certainty of the evidence. The evidence from systematic reviews without meta-analysis was inconclusive.

Conclusions
The results of the present overview suggest that PAP interventions in physical therapy or exercise therapy may be effective in improving PA for patients with NCDs in the short and long term. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited certainty of evidence and critically low-to-low methodological quality of the included systematic reviews. Both high-quality primary studies and systematic reviews are required to confirm these results.

Impact
There is limited evidence that PAP interventions in physical therapy and exercise therapy may be effective in improving PA for patients with NCDs.
Prognostic significance of CAD-RADS for patients with suspected coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kato Shingo , Azuma Mai , Horita Nobuyuki , Utsunomiya Daisuke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) is a standardized reporting system that offers a structured method for interpreting and reporting results obtained through coronary computed tomography angiography. It has been deemed useful in the prognostication of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).

Purpose
The present meta-analysis sought to assess the prognostic value of CAD-RADS in individuals with suspected CAD.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a systematic search of the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane advanced search, and EMBASE. A random-effects model was implemented to evaluate the pooled hazard ratio (HR) for each CAD-RADS category and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events.

Results
Data from 37 596 coronary computed tomography angiography examinations from 13 studies were analyzed. During follow-up, 2,536 (6.7%) adverse events were observed. Pooled HRs for prediction of adverse events were significant for all CAD-RADS categories, with incremental increase in HRs with progressively higher categories. For prediction of all-cause mortality, all categories except CAD-RADS 1 showed significant HR compared with CAD-RADS 0. Combination of CAD-RADS to conventional clinical risk factors and CAC resulted in a high predictive capacity for adverse events (pooled area under the receiver operating characteristics curve: 0.82 ([95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.91]).

Conclusion
The CAD-RADS category imparts information on the CAD severity and shows incremental increase in HR for adverse events with progressively higher categories, especially beyond CAD-RADS4b.
Prodromal symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in a primary care database: variation by ethnicity and socioeconomic status
Authors: d’Elia Alexander , Baranskaya Aliaksandra , Haroon Shamil , Hammond Ben , Adderley Nicola J , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Chandan Joht Singh , Falahee Marie , Raza Karim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo assess whether prodromal symptoms of RA, as recorded in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum (CPRD) database of English primary care records, differ by ethnicity and socioeconomic status.MethodsA cross-sectional study to determine the coding of common symptoms (≥0.1% in the sample) in the 24 months preceding RA diagnosis in CPRD Aurum, recorded between 1 January 2004 and 1 May 2022. Eligible cases were adults with a code for RA diagnosis. For each symptom, a logistic regression was performed with the symptom as dependent variable, and ethnicity and socioeconomic status as independent variables. Results were adjusted for sex, age, BMI and smoking status. White ethnicity and the highest socioeconomic quintile were comparators.ResultsIn total, 70 115 cases were eligible for inclusion, of which 66.4% were female. Twenty-one symptoms were coded in &gt;0.1% of cases so were included in the analysis. Patients of South Asian ethnicity had higher frequency of codes for several symptoms, with the largest difference by odds ratio being muscle cramps (1.71, 99.76 % confidence interval 1.44–2.57) and shoulder pain (1.44, 1.25–1.66). Patients of Black ethnicity had higher prevalence of several codes including unintended weight loss (2.02, 1.25–3.28) and ankle pain (1.51, 1.02–2.23). Low socioeconomic status was associated with morning stiffness (1.74, 1.08–2.80) and falls (1.37, 2.03–1.82)ConclusionThere are significant differences in coded symptoms between demographic groups, which must be considered in clinical practice in diverse populations and to avoid algorithmic bias in prediction tools derived from routinely collected healthcare data.
The gender gap in attitudes toward workplace technological change
Authors: Borwein Sophie , Magistro Beatrice , Loewen Peter , Bonikowski Bart , Lee-Whiting Blake 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We provide the first systematic analysis of how attitudes toward workplace automation and artificial intelligence (AI) vary by gender, using survey data from ten countries. Our analyses reveal a significant gender gap in the perceived fairness of automation and AI, similar in magnitude to that of job offshoring. Drawing on the literature on economic shocks, we examine four explanations based on gender differences in (a) economic self-interest, (b) technological knowledge, (c) sociotropic concerns and (d) social status perceptions. Including these variables in our models, however, narrows the observed gender gap by only 40%. To better understand the sources of attitudinal variation by gender, we rely on Kitagawa–Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition, which shows that distributional differences in group characteristics, specifically women’s lower levels of technological knowledge and self-reported social status, account for approximately one-third of the gap, while the other two-thirds are explained by differences in how specific variables differentially influence attitudes.
Long‐term enhancements in antidepressant efficacy and neurogenesis: Effects of intranasal co‐administration of neuropeptide Y 1 receptor (NPY1R) and galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) agonists in the ventral hippocampus
Authors: Beltran‐casanueva Rasiel , Hernández‐García Aracelis , Serrano‐Castro Pedro Jesús , Sánchez‐Pérez Jose Andrés , Barbancho‐Fernández Miguel Angel , García‐Casares Natalia , Fuxe Kjell , Borroto‐Escuela Dasiel O. , Narváez Manuel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the sustained antidepressant‐like effects and neurogenic potential of a 3‐day intranasal co‐administration regimen of galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) agonist M1145 and neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor (NPY1R) agonist [Leu31, Pro34]NPY in the ventral hippocampus of adult rats, with outcomes analyzed 3 weeks post‐treatment. Utilizing the forced swimming test (FST), we found that this co‐administration significantly enhances antidepressant‐like behaviors, an effect neutralized by the GALR2 antagonist M871, highlighting the synergistic potential of these neuropeptides in modulating mood‐related behaviors. In situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) indicated a significant increase in GALR2/NPYY1R heteroreceptor complexes in the ventral hippocampal dentate gyrus, suggesting a molecular basis for the behavioral outcomes observed. Moreover, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunolabeling revealed increased cell proliferation in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, specifically in neuroblasts as evidenced by co‐labeling with doublecortin (DCX), without affecting quiescent neural progenitors or astrocytes. The study also noted a significant uptick in the number of DCX‐positive cells and alterations in dendritic morphology in the ventral hippocampus, indicative of enhanced neuronal differentiation and maturation. These morphological changes highlight the potential of these agonists to facilitate the functional integration of new neurons into existing neural circuits. By demonstrating the long‐lasting effects of a brief, 3‐day intranasal administration of GALR2 and NPY1R agonists, our findings contribute significantly to the understanding of neuropeptide‐mediated neuroplasticity and herald novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of depression and related mood disorders, emphasizing the therapeutic promise of targeting neurogenesis and neuronal maturation processes.
Should Transport Ventilators Be Used in Times of Crisis? The Use of Emergency Authorized Nonconventional Ventilators Is Associated With Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Authors: Gondhalekar Vikram B. , Gandomi Amir , Gilman Sarah L. , Hajizadeh Negin , Hasan Zubair M. , Bank Matthew A. , Rolston Daniel M. , Cohen Allison , Li Timmy , Nishikimi Mitsuaki , Narasimhan Mangala , Becker Lance , Jafari Daniel 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Nonconventional ventilators (NCVs), defined here as transport ventilators and certain noninvasive positive pressure devices, were used extensively as crisis-time ventilators for intubated patients with COVID-19. We assessed whether there was an association between the use of NCV and higher mortality, independent of other factors.

DESIGN:
This is a multicenter retrospective observational study.

SETTING:
The sample was recruited from a single healthcare system in New York. The recruitment period spanned from March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020.

PATIENTS:
The sample includes patients who were intubated for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary outcome was 28-day in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was used to derive the odds of mortality among patients managed exclusively with NCV throughout their ventilation period compared with the remainder of the sample while adjusting for other factors. A secondary analysis was also done, in which the mortality of a subset of the sample exclusively ventilated with NCV was compared with that of a propensity score-matched subset of the control group. Exclusive use of NCV was associated with a higher 28-day in-hospital mortality while adjusting for confounders in the regression analysis (odds ratio, 1.41; 95% CI [1.07–1.86]). In the propensity score matching analysis, the mortality of patients exclusively ventilated with NCV was 68.9%, and that of the control was 60.7% (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:
Use of NCV was associated with increased mortality among patients with COVID-19 ARDS. More lives may be saved during future ventilator shortages if more full-feature ICU ventilators, rather than NCVs, are reserved in national and local stockpiles.
Spiny Keratoderma: Clinical and Histopathological Findings in a Series of 3 Cases
Authors: Hanly Ailish , Turner Noel , Ko Christine J. , Panse Gauri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Spiny keratoderma is a rare entity presenting with minute keratotic spines on the palms and soles. Spiny keratoderma can be inherited or acquired, and the acquired form may be associated with underlying malignancy or systemic disease. Clinically, the differential diagnosis includes other digitate keratoses on acral sites, most notably arsenical keratosis, filiform verruca, and punctate porokeratosis. Biopsy findings typically include a column of parakeratosis overlying a diminished granular cell layer. In this article, we present 3 cases of acquired spiny keratoderma in patients with various systemic diseases, but no underlying malignancy.
Demographic and Clinical Features and Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Erol Mart Handan Merve , Bostanci Seher , Caliskan Odabas Deniz 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with well-known adverse effects on quality of life (QoL). Improving patients' QoL has become an important objective of treatment.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics and factors affecting the QoL of patients with HS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred seventy-six patients with HS aged between 18 and 65 years were included in the study. The patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, treatments, and comorbidities were recorded. The disease stage was determined based on the Hurley staging system. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used to evaluate QoL.

RESULTS
Mean DLQI scores were significantly higher in patients with advanced Hurley stages, lesions in the gluteal region and legs, and with more than 2 affected areas (p < .001). Correlations between patient-reported treatment outcomes and clinical characteristics of the patients were assessed. Findings of this study indicate the existence of a potential “window of opportunity” for laser epilation and wide local surgical excision, similar to anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy.

CONCLUSION
Timely and appropriate treatment can only be provided for patients with HS by evaluating objective disease severity measures and subjective patient data in combination.
Longitudinal associations between ambient PM2.5 exposure and lipid levels in two Indian cities
Authors: Anand Kritika , Walia Gagandeep Kaur , Mandal Siddhartha , Menon Jyothi S. , Gupta Ruby , Tandon Nikhil , Narayan K. M. Venkat , Ali Mohammed K. , Mohan Viswanathan , Schwartz Joel D. , Prabhakaran Dorairaj 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Exposure to ambient PM2.5 is known to affect lipid metabolism through systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from developing countries, such as India with high levels of ambient PM2.5 and distinct lipid profiles, is sparse.

Methods:
Longitudinal nonlinear mixed-effects analysis was conducted on >10,000 participants of Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) cohort in Chennai and Delhi, India. We examined associations between 1-month and 1-year average ambient PM2.5 exposure derived from the spatiotemporal model and lipid levels (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TRIG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]) measured longitudinally, adjusting for residential and neighborhood-level confounders.

Results:
The mean annual exposure in Chennai and Delhi was 40 and 102 μg/m3 respectively. Elevated ambient PM2.5 levels were associated with an increase in LDL-C and TC at levels up to 100 µg/m3 in both cities and beyond 125 µg/m3 in Delhi. TRIG levels in Chennai increased until 40 µg/m3 for both short- and long-term exposures, then stabilized or declined, while in Delhi, there was a consistent rise with increasing annual exposures. HDL-C showed an increase in both cities against monthly average exposure. HDL-C decreased slightly in Chennai with an increase in long-term exposure, whereas it decreased beyond 130 µg/m3 in Delhi.

Conclusion:
These findings demonstrate diverse associations between a wide range of ambient PM2.5 and lipid levels in an understudied South Asian population. Further research is needed to establish causality and develop targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of air pollution on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health.
Brief alcohol interventions are underutilized in persons with nonalcohol-associated chronic liver diseases
Authors: Louissaint Jeremy , Melendez-Torres Jonathan , Zhang Wei , Kozlitina Julia , Anouti Ahmad , Patel Mausam J. , Zhang Bill Y. , Singal Amit G. , Mitchell Mack C. , Cotter Thomas G. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Brief alcohol interventions use patient-provider communication to promote alcohol cessation. We characterized the receipt of this intervention in chronic liver disease (CLD).

Methods:
We surveyed patients with CLD for weekly drinking patterns and examined associations with patient-provider communication receipt.

Results:
Among 840 participants, 82.1% and 56.5% reported ≥1 standard drink weekly and excessive alcohol consumption, respectively. Patient-provider communication was lower in noncirrhotic (adjusted odds ratio:0.34, 95% CI: 0.22–0.54) and nonalcohol-associated CLD (adjusted odds ratio: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.15–0.34) among individuals drinking ≥1 standard drink weekly, and similarly in noncirrhotic CLD (adjusted odds ratio: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21–0.95) among those with excessive drinking.

Conclusions:
Brief alcohol interventions are underutilized in noncirrhotic and nonalcohol-associated CLD.
Microforceps-Assisted Transscleral Fixation of Intraocular Lens
Authors: Li Wei , Tsai Ching-Yao , Tsai I-Lun , Su Yu-Ting , Chen Yen-Ta , Fang I-Mo , Tzu-Yi Chen Zoe , Woung Lin-Chung , Chang Yen-Jui 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
This study presents a novel technique for intraocular lens (IOL) fixation. The technique can be used on single-piece acrylic IOLs and can manage patients who are either with aphakia or with a dislocated IOL.

Methods:
One end of the Gore-Tex suture is tied into the optic–haptic junction of the IOL. Another end is fixated on the scleral wall. The single-sclerotomy and double-sclerotomy settings can be applied to different situations.

Results:
Twelve eyes received this procedure. After a follow-up period of up to 20 months, the IOLs were well centered.

Conclusion:
The technique is a reliable method for scleral fixation of IOLs, which can be applied to the widely used single-piece acrylic IOLs. In the authors’ experience, it is reproducible and rarely causes complications.
Topical Losartan for Treating Corneal Haze After Ultraviolet-A/Riboflavin Collagen Cross-Linking
Authors: Rodgers Emily Grace , Al-Mohtaseb Zaina , Chen Allison J. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report our first clinical experience using topical losartan for the treatment of severe corneal haze after epithelium-off corneal cross-linking (CXL).

Methods:
A 20-year-old man presented with clinically significant corneal haze in the right eye 1 month following Ultraviolet-A/Riboflavin Epithelium-off Collagen CXL. Haze progressed to a deep stromal scar, and vision was 20/150 with no improvement on refraction, 60 days after CXL. After unsuccessful treatment with topical corticosteroids, the patient elected to start off-label treatment with topical losartan 0.8 mg/mL, administered 6 times per day.

Results:
After 3 months of initiating topical losartan, the right eye vision improved to preoperative vision of 20/40-1. Corneal haze was significantly reduced as observed on slitlamp examination and on Scheimpflug corneal tomography (Pentacam; OCULUS, Inc. Arlington, WA).

Conclusions:
Topical losartan, a transforming growth factor-β inhibitor, is a potential treatment in clinically significant corneal haze following epithelium-off corneal CXL. This clinical experience highlights the potential efficacy of topical losartan as a novel therapeutic option in such cases, but further clinical studies are needed.