bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X‐linked agammaglobulinemia, growth hormone deficiency and delay of growth and puberty
Authors: Buzi F , Notarangelo LD , Plebani A , Duse M , Parolini O , Monteleone M , Ugazio AG 
Published: January 2008

Buzi F, Notarangelo LD, Plebani A, Duse M, Parolini O, Monteleone M, Ugazio AG. X‐linked agammaglobulinemia, growth hormone deficiency and delay of growth and puberty. Acta Paediatr 1994;83:99–102. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253Coinheritance of X‐linked agammaglobulinemia and growth hormone deficiency (XLA/GHD) has been classified as an independent primary immune deficiency. We evaluated the pattern of growth and endocrine function in seven XLA subjects (ages 10.9–20.1 years); four belonged to two different XLA pedigrees and three represented sporadic XLA cases. Three had reached adulthood (final stature 176.0, 173.5 and 165.0 cm, respectively) and their retrospective growth showed delay in growth and puberty during adolescence. In the other four subjects, growth hormone production was measured by growth hormone pharmacological stimulation tests (clonidine, arginine): three of four patients had insufficient growth hormone responses (peak growth hormone < 10 μg/l); all three had delayed puberty; their growth hormone responses increased after “priming” with testosterone, reaching values > 10 μg/l in two of them and allowing diagnosis of “true” growth hormone deficiency in the third. The fourth was a normally growing subject who showed a normal growth hormone response both before and after testosterone priming. Six out of the seven subjects showed a growth pattern consistent with delay in growth and puberty. Our results suggest that true XLA/GHD is rarer than previously supposed and that subnormal responses to growth hormone stimulation tests may be found without sex steroid priming of the test in adolescence. The most probable growth pattern in XLA appears to be delay in growth and puberty, as has already been described for other chronic diseases.
Decreased growth hormone response to dexamethasone stimulation test in obese children
Authors: Pineda J , Dieguez C , Casanueva FF , Martul P 
Published: January 2008

Pineda J, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF, Martul P. Decreased growth hormone response to dexamethasone stimulation test in obese children. Acta Pædiatr 1994;83:103–5. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253Acute administration of glucocorticoids is a recently described stimulus for growth hormone secretion. The aim of the present study was the assessment of dexamethasone‐induced growth hormone secretion in obese children. Dexamethasone iv tests were carried out in 14 normal control and 8 obese children. Growth hormone was measured by radioimmunoassay up to 5 h after dexamethasone administration. Dexamethasone elicited clear growth hormone secretion in normal children (mean peak 12.3 ± 1.6; area under the curve 682.3 ± 74.3). In the obese children, dexamethasone induced a slight but significant (p<0.01) increase in growth hormone over basal values. However, the growth hormone response in this group was significantly lower than in the normal controls, when comparing both mean peak (5.5 ± 2.3, mean±SEM) (p<0.01) and area under the curve (306.8±44.5) (p<0.001).
Maximal aerobic power during running and cycling in obese and non‐obese children
Authors: Maffeis C , Schena F , Zaffanello M , Zoccante L , Schutz Y , Pinelli L 
Published: January 2008

Maffeis C, Schena F, Zaffanello M, Zoccante L, Schutz Y, Pinelli L. Maximal aerobic power during running and cycling in obese and non‐obese children. Acta Pædiatr 1994;83:113–16. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253The maximal aerobic capacity while running and cycling was measured in 22 prepubertal children (mean age±SD 9.5 ± 0.8 years): 14 obese (47.3±10 kg) and 8 non‐obese (31.1±6.1 kg). Oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production were measured by an open circuit method. Steady state VO2 was determined at different levels of exercise up to the maximal power on the cycloergometer (92 W in obese and 77 W in non‐obese subjects) and up to the maximal running speed on the treadmill at a 2% slope (8.3 km/h in obese and 9.0 km/h in lean children). Expressed in absolute values, the VO2max in obese children was significantly higher than in controls (1.55 ± 0.291/min versus 1.23 ± 0.221/ min, p < 0.05) for the treadmill test and comparable in the two groups (1.4 ± 0.21/min versus 1.16 ± 0.2 l/min, ns) for the cycloergometer test. When VO2max was expressed per kg fat free mass, the difference between the two groups disappeared for both tests. These data suggest that obese children had no limitation of maximal aerobic power. Therefore, the magnitude of the workload prescribed when a physical activity program is intended for the therapy of childhood obesity, it should be designed to increase caloric output rather than to improve cardiorespiratory fitness.
Lignocaine gel used for lubrication of intranasal and endotracheal tubes in premature neonates
Authors: Bendixen D , Halvorsen A‐C , Hjelt K , Flachs H 
Published: January 2008

Bendixen D, Halvorsen A‐C, Hjelt K, Flachs H. Lignocaine gel used for lubrication of intranasal and endotracheal tubes in premature neonates. Acta Prediatr 1994;83:493–7. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253In this study, we have measured the plasma concentration of lignocaine and its metabolite, monoethylglycinxylidin, in 19 premature neonates (gestational age 33 weeks) when lignocaine gel was used for lubrication of an intranasal tube (during continuous positive airway pressure treatment) or an endotracheal tube (for intubation). We did not find any correlation between plasma concentration of lignocaine or monoethylglycinxylidin and weight of the infant (range 795–2530 g). None of the neonates had toxic levels of lignocaine. One neonate had an exceptionally high but not toxic plasma level of monoethylglycinxylidin. However, this neonate had been treated for severe seizures with an iv infusion of lignocaine up to 13 h before the study. In conclusion, we found it safe to use moderate amounts of lignocaine (i.e. 0.3 ml/kg of lignocaine gel 20 mg/ml) for lubricating both intranasal and endotracheal tubes.
Abnormalities of lung volume at follow‐up after antenatal rhesus iso‐immunization
Authors: Greenough A , Yuksel B , Nicolaides KH 
Published: January 2008

Greenough A, Yuksel B, Nicolaides KH. Abnormalities of lung volume at follow‐up after antenatal rhesus iso‐immunization. Acta Pzdiatr 1994;83:498–500. Stockholm. ISSN 0803 5253Rhesus iso‐immunization is associated with fatal pulmonary hypoplasia. We have examined the hypothesis that abnormalities of lung volume, as an index of lung growth, may also be found in survivors. At a median age of nine months, lung volume was assessed by measurement of functional residual capacity in 23 patients affected antenatally by rhesus iso‐immunization. Seventeen of the patients had required at least one intrauterine transfusion. Five patients (group A) had an FRC < 24 ml/kg (mcdian 21 ml/kg, range 19–22 ml/kg) and the other 18 (group B) an FRC 24 ml/kg (median 27 ml/kg, range 24–36 ml/kg) (p < 0.01). The only significant difference between these two groups was the timing of the first foetal blood sampling and intrauterine transfusion, being a median of 22 weeks (range 20–23 weeks) in group A and 30 weeks (range 17–36 weeks) in group B (p< 0.01). 0
Motilin in children with recurrent abdominal pain: a controlled study
Authors: Christensen Mogens Fjord 
Published: January 2008

Fjord Christensen M. Motilin in children with recurrent abdominal pain: a controlled study. Aeta Pædiatr 1994;83:542–4. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253The aim of this study was to compare serum motilin levels in children with and without recurrent abdominal pain, based on the assumption that recurrent abdominal pain in children is a gut motility disorder. In this controlled study, 19 children between 6 and 15 years or age with recurrent non‐organic abdominal pain and 20 control children between 6 and 15 years of age without abdominal pain or other functional somatic complaints were evaluated. No slatistical significant difference was found in serum motilin levels between children with and without abdominal pain. Median difference between the groups was II pmol/1 (95% confidence limits of median difference ‐9 to +33). This investigation could not support the assumption that motilin might be a pathogenic factor in children with recurrent abdominal pain. It is suggested, however, that future research should compare serum motilin levels during and between attacks of pain.
Swedish population reference standards for height, weight and body mass index attained at 6 to 16 years (girls) or 19 years (boys)
Authors: Lindgren G , Strandell A , Cole T , Healy M , Tanner J 
Published: January 2008

Swedish population reference standards for height, weight and body mass index (BMI) attained at 6 to 16 years (girls) or 19 years (boys) are presented. Data were obtained from two independent nationwide samples of Swedish children; one (740 children) born in 1955, the other (2907 children) born in 1967. The weights of the children born in 1955 were adjusted to equal those born in 1967; heights did not differ. These reference standards refer therefore to Swedish children born at around 1970. The observations were fitted by the power transformation, or L, M, S method of Cole and Green. Weights and BMIs were thus normalized and valid SD scores for individuals obtained. Centile charts are given for clinical use. The means of the present, nationwide standards were 1 ‐2 cm and 1 ‐2 kg greater than those of the Solna‐based standards currently in use.Body mass index, height, Swedish growth standards, weight G Lindgren, Flat 11, 22 Harrington Gardens, London SW7 4LS, UK
FoxO transcription factors in oxidative stress response and ageing – a new fork on the way to longevity?
Authors: Sedding Daniel G. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors are important downstream targets of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and crucial regulators of cell fate. This function of FoxOs relies on their ability to control diverse cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, DNA repair, defense against oxidative stress and ageing. FoxOs are regulated by a variety of different growth factors and hormones, and their activity is tightly controlled by post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and interaction with different proteins and transcription factors. This brief review focuses on the molecular mechanisms, cellular effects and resulting organismal phenotypes generated by differentially regulated FoxO proteins and discusses our current understanding of the role of FoxOs in disease and ageing processes.
Potential biomarkers of ageing
Authors: Simm Andreas , Nass Norbert , Bartling Babett , Hofmann Britt , Silber Rolf-Edgar , Navarrete Santos Alexander 
Published: January 2008

AbstractLife span in individual humans is very heterogeneous. Thus, the ageing rate, measured as the decline of functional capacity and stress resistance, is different in every individual. There have been attempts made to analyse this individual age, the so-called biological age, in comparison to chronological age. Biomarkers of ageing should help to characterise this biological age and, as age is a major risk factor in many degenerative diseases, could be subsequently used to identify individuals at high risk of developing age-associated diseases or disabilities. Markers based on oxidative stress, protein glycation, inflammation, cellular senescence and hormonal deregulation are discussed.
Relative variation of ionic composition in a karstic lake under the theory of unweighted vs weighted logratio analysis
Authors: Cankaya Emel , Sıvacı E. Rıdvan , Kılınc Sabri , Dere Sükran 
Published: January 2008

The use of logratio analysis in limnological studies has proved to be effective for solving the problems of the constrained nature of compositional data. The method offers a graphical tool, the relative variation biplot, to explore relative changes of the ions. However, recent methodological developments have shown that the results can be perturbed by low-valued ions with high variances and proposed downweighting their influences as in correspondence analysis. Additional to all properties of the unweighted version, this weighted logratio analysis extends the previous work and has the advantage of the principle of distributional equivalence.
As a motivating application, we chose a karstic lake with dominating ions calcium and sulphate causing other ions to be present relatively in low absolute levels. Besides, one of the collected compositional samples was suspected to be unusual which, in part, contributes to high relative variances. This paper is therefore concerned with the choice of the best method for the analysis of such extremely saline water systems by comparing performances of both unweighted and weighted logratio analyses.
We concluded that introducing weights captured more features of ionic relationships with almost all compositional variability explained. We observed that the ratio of calcium to sulphate, ammonium or phosphorus (to a lesser extent) was particularly valuable in understanding the natural chemical process of the lake. A constant log-contrast model based on calcium, ammonium, nitrate and total soluble phosphorus appeared as an equilibrium equation.
Autonomous Decentralized Systems
Authors: Mori Kinji 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The concept of an autonomous decentralized systems (ADS), its data field (DF) architecture, and its application are presented. In this concept, an autonomous subsystem is defined with two properties of autonomous controllability and autonomous coordinabiliy, and a system is grasped as the result of integration of autonomous subsystems. Each autonomous subsystem is connected mutually only through the DF where all data are broadcasted and each subsystem independently selects to receive only the necessary data, and it is driven only by the received data. This architecture ensures online expansion, fault‐tolerance, and online maintenance of the system. Moreover an application system, the Autonomous Decentralized Transport Operation Control System (ATOS) of the Tokyo metropolitan‐area railway system, is described.
Analytical Customer Relationship Management
Authors: Srivastava Jaideep , Vayghan Jamshid A. , Lim Ee‐Peng , Hwang San‐Yih , Wang Jau‐Hwang 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe Internet has emerged as a low‐cost, low‐latency, and high‐bandwidth customer communication channel. Its interactive nature provides an organization the ability to enter into a close, personalized dialog with individual customers. The simultaneous maturation of data management technologies like data warehousing and data mining have created the ideal environment for making customer relationship management (CRM) a much more systematic effort than it has been in the past. In this article, we describe how data analytics can be used to make various CRM functions like customer segmentation, communication targeting, retention, and loyalty much more effective. We briefly describe the key technologies needed to implement analytical CRM, and the organizational issues that must be carefully handled to make CRM a reality. The goal is to illustrate problems that exist with current CRM efforts, and how using data analytics techniques can address them.
CD‐ROMs and Computer Systems
Authors: Ranky Paul G. , Ranky Gregory N. , Ranky Mick F. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDue to the expansion of the amount of data and documents [i.e., text, line diagrams, images, digital video, animation, sound files, three‐dimensional (3‐D) virtual reality “walkthroughs,” computer aided design (CAD), and product lifecycle management (PLM) 3‐D interactive model files, measured data from machines and processes, and others) we create, store, and archive, digital mass storage technology is rapidly growing. Until the arrival of compact disc read–only (CD‐ROM) technology, the magnetic tape and then the hard disk, which was capable of reading as well as of writing data using magnetic media, were the most obvious mass data storage solutions, as they still are today for many applications.As is the case with many new technologies, cost, robustness, security, and reliability of storing and retrieving data are of utmost interest to every direct or indirect computer user; therefore, CD‐ROMs and digital variety discs (DVD‐ROMs) have been developed as a relatively low cost (i.e., byte per cent) optical alternative for magnetic mass data storage and retrieval.Obviously during this development, the magnetic storage industry was (and still is) fighting back, by simultaneously lowering its prices on mass storage devices as well as by increasing data transfer rates and reliability. Simultaneously, the compact disc industry researched and developed an alternative to CD‐ROM technology, which is often referred to as DVD, or DVD‐ROM, which is capable of storing several times that of the CD‐ROM capacity (the actual details will be discussed here).Data read/write/access speeds have changed too, in that initially the CD‐ROM drive, in comparison with the magnetic hard disk drive was very slow, capable of transferring approximately 150 Kb/sc (as often referred to as the 1 × or single‐speed CD drive), whereas CD‐ROM drives achieve 56 ×, and even faster read data transfer rates, meaning approximately 8400 Kbs/sc. This rate is close to a “good” hard disk drive's read/write speed. (Obviously when analyzing the transfer rate issue, the interface and the entire computer hardware and software system integration quality is important too.)To summarize this introduction, mass storage devices and the storage media employed are increasingly important; thus, technologies such as optical CD‐ROMs and DVDs are thriving. Other alternatives, most importantly the emerging and increasingly fast(er) intranets and the Internet, in the long run will offer more acceptable data transfer rates and bandwidth than what we have at the time of this writing. These alternatives could take off some of the burden of the individual computer user, office, or multimedia studio of storing and archiving digital data and documents—obviously at a price, security, and reliability that will ensure the future and viability of the CD‐ROM and DVD (high‐definction DVD; see below) technologies.
Communication‐Induced Checkpointing Protocols and Rollback‐Dependency Trackability: A Survey
Authors: Tsai Jichiang , Wang Yi‐Min 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCommunication‐induced checkpointing (CIC)can prevent a potentialdomino effectresulting from cascading rollbacks in a distributed computation. Moreover, it can be enhanced to achieve a stronger property, calledrollback‐dependency trackability (RDT), which allows all hidden rollback dependencies to be online trackable. In this article, we survey some important CIC and RDT protocols by introducing their basic concepts as well as by discussing their practical impacts.
Communication Processors for Wireless Systems
Authors: Rajagopal Sridhar , Cavallaro Joseph R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCommunication processors are processors with specific optimizations to support communication systems. Communication processors exist in a wide variety of forms and can be categorized based on the communication system, such as wired or wireless and based on the layer in the communication system, which can be the physical layer, the medium, access, control layer, or the network layer. Communication processors can be categorized even more based on the application, such as audio, video,or data and the end system requiring the communication system such as a laptop, a cell phone, or a personal computer. As communication systems have evolved over the years, there has been an increase we in data rates; increase in algorithm complexity; need for flexibility to adapt to different protocols and environments; need to optimize over varying constraints such as area, power, and performance; and the need for supporting multiple interfaces, devices, and applications. In this article, we present a brief outline of the different types of communication processors and their processing requirements. We focus on the challenges in the physical layer design of communication processors with the evolution of communication systems.
Distributed File Systems
Authors: Ching Avery , Coloma Kenin , Nisar Arifa , Liao Wei‐keng , Choudhary Alok 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA distributed file system, also known as a network file system, is a means for to access data transparently across a network. A user should not have to know whether a file actually resides locally or on a remote server. In the typical distributed file system architecture in Fig. 1(a), a client uses the same standard file system calls that are translated into network requests at runtime. If the access to remote data is not transparent, a client might have to retrieve explicitly a file locally, make modifications, and then move explicitly the file back to the server as in Fig. 1(b).Distributed file systems are a broad topic in computer science. We have organized our discussion into four distinct areas. We begin by focusing on high availability techniques that improve uptime and provide support for mobile or disconnected operation. Then, we closely examine several protocol standards for compatibility and implementation‐independent optimizations. The next section describes several distributed file systems that are tuned for high‐performance computing (HPC) applications. Finally, we discuss several distributed file systems that have application‐specific features.
Formal Specification
Authors: Kulczycki Gregory , Sitaraman Murali , Roche Kimberly , Yasmin Nighat 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFormal specifications of software components describe the behavior of components precisely using mathematically rigorous notations. They are necessary to avoid miscommunication between component developers and users, and avoid costly integration errors resulting from such miscommunication. They are also essential to facilitate formal verfication of correctness.
Programmable Logic Arrays
Authors: Damaj Issam W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractProgrammable logic arrays (PLAs) are traditional digital electronic devices. A PLA is a simple programmable logic device (SPLD) used to implement combinational logic circuits. A PLA has a set of programmable AND gates, which link to a set of programmable OR gates to produce an output. The AND–OR layout of a PLA allows for implementing logic functions that are in a sum‐of‐products form. PLAs are available in the market in different types. PLAs could be stand alone chips, or parts of bigger processing systems. Stand alone PLAs are available as mask programmable (MPLAs) and field programmable (FPLAs) devices. The attractions of PLAs that brought them to mainstream engineers include their simplicity, relatively small circuit area, predictable propagation delay, and ease of development. The powerful‐but‐simple property brought PLAs to rapid prototyping, synthesis, design optimization techniques, embedded systems, traditional computer systems, hybrid high‐performance computing systems, etc. Indeed, there has been renewable interests in working with the simple AND‐to‐OR PLAs.
Data Handling in Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Dillenburg John F. , Nelson Peter C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWithin the domain of computer science, data handling is the coordinated movement of data within and between computer systems. The format of the data may be changed during these movements, possibly losing information during conversions. The data may also be filtered for privacy, security, or efficiency reasons. For instance, some information transmitted from an accident site may be filtered for privacy purposes before being presented to the general public (e.g., license numbers and names). Intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) apply computer, communication, and sensor technologies in an effort to improve surface transportation. In this article, data handling within ITS is discussed.