bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear growth of chronic asthmatic children: the effects of the disease and various forms of steroid therapy
Authors: CHANG K. C. , MIKLICH D. R. , BARWISE G. , CHAI H. , MILES‐LAWRENCE R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe effects of asthma per se and of various oral steroid‐treatment schedules on linear growth in 231 children with chronic severe asthma (6.2‐16.2 years of age) were evaluated.Asthmatic children who had never received steroids, and those who received occasional steroids, had comparable growth retardation, averaging approximately 1 standard deviation (s.d.) below their age‐ and sex‐specific predicted means. Children who had been treated for 2 years or longer with alternate‐day or daily steroids also did not differ from each other, with both groups averaging approximately 2 s.d. below their predicted means. Growth stunting, intermediate in severity, was found in children treated with frequent intermittent steroids. For groups with steroid medication‐histories of never, occasional, intermittent, alternate‐day and daily, the percentage of children with 2 or more s.d. below their predicted heights were 25, 17.4. 28, 50 and 45.5 respectively. The duration and dosage of daily steroid‐treatment correlated positively with severity of growth retardation. In addition to norms, the children were also compared with a healthy, same‐sex sibling and with predictions from their parents' heights. Regardless of the comparison used, the results were similar. Since genetic and socio‐economic factors are controlled by the latter two comparisons, the data indicate that these factors played no role in growth retardation in these children. Growth retardation in asthma appears to be due to the disease itself, and is accelerated by steroid therapy.
Influence of type of feeding on lymphocyte function and development of infantile allergy
Authors: JUTO P. , MÖLLER C. , ENGBERG S. , BJÖRKSTÉN B. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySymptom scores indicating infantile allergy were recorded longitudinally in a group of infants during the first year of life. The symptom scores were related to duration of breast‐feeding. Lymphocyte function, measured as the proliferative responsiveness to PHA‐stimulation, was related to feeding with breast‐milk or cow's milk. Babies with a short duration of breast‐feeding; i.e. 1 month or less had significantly higher symptom scores at the ages of 1 month (P < 0.05), 3 months (P < 0.05), 6 months (P < 0.001) and 12 months (P < 0.05), than babies who were breast‐fed for more than 1 month. The lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA was significantly higher at 3 and 6 months in babies who were fed cow's milk compared with those who were solely or partially breast‐fed (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). There was no correlation between symptom scores and lymphocyte responsiveness. It is concluded that infantile allergy is more common in babies with a short duration of breast‐feeding and that feeding with cow's milk, compared to breast‐feeding, causes a changed lymphocyte reactivity to PHA, which latter finding indicates an altered T‐cell function between the two feeding groups.
Detection of Aspergillus antigen and anti‐Aspergillus precipitating antibodies by a new method: the radial immunoelectro‐osmophoresis (RIEOP)
Authors: LLOPIS F. , SÁNCHEZ‐CUENCA J. M. , GONZÁLEZ‐MOLINA A. , BASOMBA A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA new method of Immunoprecipitation‐in‐gel, the Radial Immunoelectro‐osmophoresis (RIEOP) has been applied to detect precipitating anti‐Aspergillus fumigatus antibodies and to study the antigens present in various antigenic extracts of this fungus.The results obtained with this method have been compared with those obtained when applying the Comparative Double Diffusion (CDD) and the Immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP).The data presented prove that the RIEOP method is more sensitive than CDD and the IEOP in: (1) detecting precipitating anti‐Aspergillus antibodies, since (a) precipitating bands are detected with higher serum dilutions, and (b) when using undiluted serum, the number of precipitating bands obtained by RIEOP is higher: and (2) studying antigens present in the antigenic extracts, since (a) the number of antigens detected by RIEOP is higher than that by CDD, and (b) identity/non‐identity reactions can be studied among the antigens present in the various extracts.
An epidemiological study on total and specific IgE levels in Japanese schoolchildren
Authors: KAGAMIMORI S. , NARUSE Y. , WATANABE M. , NOHARA S. , OKADA A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTotal serum IgE, and sped lie serum IgE against mites, Ascaris and Japanese cedar pollen were surveyed in 251 schoolchildren by a radioimmunoassay method. These children, aged from 10 to 13 years and living in a rural Japanese town, were selected according to one‐third random population sample. A high concentration of total serum IgE (700 u/ml or more) was found in thirty‐one children (12.3%). The sex ratio of these children, boys to girls, was 2.1:1. The cross‐sectional and 6‐year follow‐up study of total IgE levels showed that they decreased with advancing age.Total IgE levels were significantly related to each of three specific IgE species investigated in this study. The levels of these three specific IgE's were also significantly releated to each other. Schoolchildren with high specific IgE levels against mites have had significantly more asthmatic histories compared to children with low specific IgE levels. Such a relationship was not observed for total IgE levels and another two specific IgE species.
Release of histamine from leucocytes and its determinants in vitro in rotation to bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine and exercise in vivo
Authors: NEIJENS H. J. , RAATGEEP H. C. , DEGENHART H. J. , KERREBIJN K. F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe hypothesis studied is that increased responsiveness in asthma is not limited to the airways. Forty asthmatic children were analysed for their bronchial responsiveness (BR) to exercise. Twenty patients revealed bronchial obstruction after exercise while the remainder did not. These observations were compared with the responsiveness of leucocytes, which was determined by their histamine ‘releasability’. Twenty healthy children served as controls. Release of histamine induced by calcium ionophore‐aided calcium influx was significantly higher in both groups of asthmatics than in the healthy children (P < 0.005). Similar findings were obtained by induction of microtubule aggregation due to deuterium oxide (D2O). The S‐shaped dose‐response relationship with D2O was shifted to the left in the patients with BR to exercise compared to patients without (P < 0.025). The slope was increased in both patient groups compared with the healthy children (P < 0.01). It is concluded that the mean ‘releasability’ of histamine release due to both stimulants correlated well (P < 0.01). This suggests that the ‘releasability’ is determined by the responsiveness of the microtubules. This may also apply to allergen‐induced histamine release, as was revealed from studies with anti‐IgE. The differences in histamine release found in relation to BR due to exercise were also present if the patients were divided according to BR due to histamine. A significant relationship existed between the degree of BR to histamine and the responsiveness of the microtubules (P < 0.02).
The effect of sodium cromoglycate delivered by Spinhaler and by pressurized aerosol on exercise‐induced asthma in children
Authors: BUNDGAARD A. , BACH‐MORTENSEN N. , SCHMIDT A. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySixteen children completed a randomized placebo‐controlled double‐blind study comparing the efficacy of pre‐treatment with (1) 20 mg sodium cromoglycate (SCG) powder delivered by Spinhaler, (2) 2 mg SCG delivered by pressurized aerosol and (3) placebo. The drug was administered 15 min before the 6 min of treadmill‐running performed at the same time of day on 3 consecutive days in a climate chamber with a temperature of 23°C and a relative humidity of 40%,. All the patients, none of whom were taking systemic steroids, had shown a post‐exercise fall in peak expiratory flow (PEF) of more than 15% from baseline when tested one day prior to the study. On the day with no pre‐treatment the average post‐exercise fall in PEF was 46% (±4) (mean ± s.e.mean). After pre‐treatment with SCG powder the average fall in PEF was 21%, (±3), after pre‐treatment with SCG aerosol the fall was 22% (±3) and after placebo a post‐exercise fall of 31% (±5) was seen. Both forms of SCG were significantly better than pre‐treatment with placebo. Comparing no pre‐treatment with pre‐treatment with placebo revealed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) indicating a placebo effect. It is concluded that this study design has a marked placebo effect. Both pre‐treatment with 2 mg SCG delivered by pressurized aerosol and 20 mg delivered by Spinhaler is superior to placebo in conferring protection against exercise‐induced asthma (EIA). No bronchodilating effect was seen in the first 15 min after administration of the drug.
Reproducibility of prick skin tests to five common allergens
Authors: CLARKE C. W. , MITCHELL J. , NUNN A. J. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThirty‐five asthmatic patients had prick skin tests to the common allergens Candida aibicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, grass pollen, horse dander and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus performed on a regular basis from Autumn 1973 to Autumn 1975. Specific IgE to the same allergens (except C. albicans) was determined at the time of skin testing for the first five seasons.It was found that the position on the volar aspect of the forearm on which the test was performed did not affect the reaction. There was a significant variation in the percentage of patients with positive skin tests to A. fumigatus, grass pollen and horse dander with the latter showing a significant decrease with time. There was evidence of variation in weal size for all but C. albicans, and for grass pollen, horse dander and D. pteronyssinus there were reductions in weal size with time.Significant differences were found for results of Log specific IgE for grass pollen and D. pteronyssinus over the study, but there was no trend. A good correlation between weal size and Log specific IgE for grass pollens and D. pteronyssinus was observed. For the four allergens, the coefficient of concordance between IgE levels within patients for the five seasons was highly significant.
Latent anaphylactic sensitivity of infants to cow's milk proteins
Authors: McLAUGHLAN P. , COOMBS R. R. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryApproximately 25% of infants tested released >9% of their blood basophil histamine content in the presence of cow's milk proteins, indicating a degree or level of latent anaphylactic sensitivity to these allergens. Approximately 10% of infants show a considerably higher level of sensitivity (14‐63% histamine release). These findings fulfil an essential tenet of the modified anaphylactic hypothesis for cot‐death.
Absence of IgG antibodies to TDI‐HSA in a radioimmunological study
Authors: PAGGIARO P. L. , FILIERI M. , LOI A. M. , ROSELLI M. G. , CANTALUPI R. , PARLANTI A. , TOMA G. , BASCHIERI L. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySera of ninety‐one workers with respiratory symptoms related to occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) were tested by a solid phase radioimmunoassay using polyvinyl plates, in an attempt to demonstrate specific IgG antibodies to a conjugate of TDI with human serum albumin (TDI‐HSA). Different conjugates were prepared. In our radioimmunoassay a TDI‐HSA 1600 (1600 μg TDI/ mg HSA), obtained at alkaline pH with borate buffer, was used; this conjugate was immunologically reactive and did not contain protein macro‐aggregates.No difference in percent of binding of radiolabelled anti‐human IgG to TDI‐HSA coated on plastic plates was found between exposed workers (asthmatic and non‐asthmatic) and fifteen normal subjects. This may suggest that either TDI‐induced bronchial asthma is not mediated by IgG antibodies, or TDI‐HSA conjugate is unsuitable to be detected by anti‐isocyanate IgG.
Modified rapid venom desensitization
Authors: CLAYTON W. F. , REISMAN R. E. , MUELLER U. , ARBESMAN C. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe clinical and immunologic response to a modified rapid (r) regimen of venom immunotherapy was evaluated and compared to a traditional (t) therapeutic regimen. Nineteen patients in the r group received a starting dose of 0.01 μg and reached a maintenance dose of 50 μg in 7 weeks. Twelve patients in the t group received an average of twenty‐one injections on a weekly basis, reaching the same maintenance dose. The age and sex distribution and pre‐treatment venom‐specific IgE titres (RAST) of both groups were comparable.There were thirteen local reactions to venom therapy in both groups and no systemic reactions. Following therapy, most patients developed a rising titre of serum venom‐specific IgG (V‐IgG). Serum venom‐specific IgE (V‐IgE) changes were similar in the two groups; over half of the patients had a falling titre when on maintenance dose.Twelve patients were re‐stung after reaching maintenance dose. Only one developed a mild systemic reaction, an individual who failed lo show a V‐IgG response with rapid therapy. Five of nine patients did not have an anamnestic V‐IgE response.This rapid method of venom immunotherapy appears to be safe, clinically effective, and comparable to traditional dosing without additional adverse reaction.
Asthma due to grinding epoxy resin cured with phthallic anhydride
Authors: WARD M. J. , DAVIES D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA man developed asthma after grinding epoxy resin moulds made from bisphenol‐A, with phthallic anhydride as a hardener. He was shown to have a dual asthmatic response after the inhalation of phthallic anhydride fumes. It is postulated that his asthma was caused by the release of phthallic anhydride during the grinding of cured mouldings.
Budgerigar fancier's lung
Authors: LEE T. H. , WRAITH D. G. , BENNETT C.O. , BENTLEY A. P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryForty‐eight budgerigar fanciers have been studied and twenty‐five (52%) of these lost their serum budgerigar precipitins after cessation of avian exposure. Twenty (80%) subjects lost their precipitins within 2 years. The lung function was assessed serially in seventeen patients with allergic alveolitis and correlated with the persistence of their serum precipitins. There was no difference in the lung function at presentation or in the incidence of complete recovery between the ten subjects, whose precipitins persisted for longer than 2 years, and the seven individuals in whom the precipitins had disappeared within this time. These observations suggest that budgerigar precipitins do not have a major role to play in the continuing pathogenesis of allergic alveolitis.
Lymphocyte transformation studies in suspected hypersensitivity to trimethoprim‐sulphamethoxazole
Authors: WARRINGTON R. J. , SAUDER PATRICIA J. , McPHILLIPS SWAWN 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a group of patients with suspected and probable adverse skin reactions to trimethoprim‐sulphamethoxazole, the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was positive in approximately 60% of subjects tested. Levels of stimulation in the majority of cases were low, probably reflecting either use of inappropriate stimulatory forms of the drug or lack of marked reactivity. Since there appeared to be a correlation between peak stimulatory index and duration of the rash, the latter explanation appeared more likely.
Persistent nausea and food aversions in pregnancy
Authors: BAYLIS JUDITH M. , LEEDS A. R. , CHALLACOMBE D. N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a retrospective study the mothers of twenty‐one children with well‐defined cow's milk allergy and an equal number of matched controls were asked about their health and diet in pregnancy and the pattern of feeding of their children in infancy. Corroborative evidence was obtained from the medical notes. Nausea in pregnancy was found to be more persistent and atopic disease more common among the mothers of the milk allergic children; in this group food aversions during pregnancy were also more common particularly to dairy produce. The milk‐allergic infants had been breast‐fed for longer and had cow's milk introduced into feeds later than the control group. It is suggested that nausea in pregnancy may be a physiological response to foetal sensitization by dietary antigens such as cow's milk protein, due to impaired placental permeability in atopic pregnant women. A larger prospective study is indicated to substantiate this hypothesis.
Effect of prolonged venom immunotherapy on serum venom‐specific IgE and IgG
Authors: CLAYTON W. F. , REISMAN R. E. , GEORGITIS J. W. , WYPYCH J. I. , ARBESMAN C. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySerum venom‐specific IgE and IgG were monitored in twenty‐three patients receiving venom immunotherapy for more than 3 years. Two response patterns of IgE antibody were found. Following initiation of therapy, seven patients had a rise in serum venom‐specific IgE, peaking at one year, then decreasing. Sixteen patients had a persistent fall in IgE antibody titres following initiation of therapy. At the end of 3 years, levels of serum venom‐specific IgE in both groups were comparable. The presence of atopy may have influenced the rising IgE antibody response.Serum venom‐specific IgG either rose or remained elevated if the pretreatment titres were high. After several years of therapy, there was generally a decrease in serum venom‐specific IgG.
Exercise‐induced anaphylaxis
Authors: SONGSIRIDEJ VANEE , BUSSE W. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAnaphylaxis can pose a life‐threatening situation for many patients. A recent report has added exercise to the stimuli which can provoke an anaphylactic reaction. In this report, we review nine cases of anaphylaxis with exercise and the characteristics of this response. These cases represent additional evidence that exercise‐induced anaphylaxis is not rare but can be misdiagnosed in some patients.
Cellular immunity and IgE levels in asthmatic children
Authors: WANG S. S. M. , McGEADY S. J. , MANSMANN H. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySeveral reports have suggested that asthmatic children may be particularly vulnerable to viral respiratory infections, in addition to this, abnormal cellular regulation has been suggested as an explanation for the increased IgE levels in atopy. Despite such evidence there have been few studies evaluating cellular immune function in asthmatic children. This study has examined in vivo and in vitro aspects of cellular immune function in twenty‐six atopic asthmatic children and compared them with nineteen age‐matched non‐atopic control subjects. In vivo cellular immunity was assessed by quantitating the cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity (CDH) response to four ubiquitous antigens. Lymphocyte responsiveness to three polyclonal mitogens was measured in vitro. The serum IgE level was determined in all study subjects. The results indicate that CDH to Candida antigen is signifxicantly diminished among the asthmatic subjects and lessened to streptokinase/streptodornase. Lymphocyte mitogen response did not differ significantly between the study groups. No correlation could be shown between in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness and IgE level. These studies suggest that a subtle cellular immune defect may exist in asthmatic children and support the need for further studies of this question.
A method for evaluating therapy for hay fever
Authors: D'SOUZA M. F. , EMANUEL M. B. , GREGG J. , CHARLTON J. , GOLDSCHMIDT J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis study was undertaken in order to develop a method for comparing the value of different forms of treatment for hay fever. A cross‐over trial was carried out in sixty‐one patients, comparing four treatments: topical corticosteroids, topical cromoglycales, placebo tablets and oxatomide (a new oral treatment with antihistamine and cromoglycate‐like properties). Three methods were used to compare these treatments: (1) post‐treatment symptom questionnaires; (2) daily analogue line scores of symptoms; and (3) nasal FEV1. Of these, daily analogue line diary scores, with an analysis which took into account variation in pollen count, proved to be the most sensitive.By employing this diary method, it was shown that all three active treatments were significantly better than placebo and that topical corticosteroids were significantly better than topical cromoglycates. The activity of oxatomide was found to be not significantly different from that of steroids or cromoglycate, but it was associated with more frequent side‐effects. It is suggested that daily diaries, combining symptom relief and freedom from side effects into a single score of ‘usefulness’ adjusted for pollen count, are suitable means for comparing treatments for hay fever.
Specific desensitization in ‘aspirin‐sensitive’ urticaria; plasma prostaglandin levels and clinical manifestations
Authors: ASAD S. I. , YOULTEN L. J. F. , LESSOF M. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySix out of eight patients with a history of aspirin‐provoked urticaria/angioedema responded with adverse reactions, including urticaria and bronchospasm, to provoking doses of oral aspirin from 30‐515 mg. The other two patients did not react to 1.2 g of aspirin on three occasions. Five of the six patients who had reacted became desensitized after their initial aspirin reaction, tolerating 650 mg on the second day. They then took 650 mg day−1 of aspirin for three weeks, during which time the ingestion of foods which had previously caused a variety of moderate or severe reactions caused no symptoms. The resting plasma PGF2α in ten ‘aspirin‐sensitive’ urticaria patients (24.89 + 2‐79 pg m−1) was significantly higher than the levels in ten normal subjects (6.75 + 1‐1 pg ml−1) (P < 0.01). In the patient group the lowest levels of PGF2x were found in the two patients who subsequently did not experience a positive reaction after aspirin provocation. The PGF2α/PGE2 ratio in ‘aspirin‐sensitive’ urticaria patients (1‐83 + 0.026) was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (0‐63 + 0.14) (P < 0.01).
Induction of benzylpenicilloyl specific antibodies, including IgE, by long‐term administration of benzylpenicillin
Authors: DE HAAN P. , KALSBEEK G. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryUsing the ELISA and passive haemagglutination test we investigated the humoral immune response induced by long‐term administration of benzylpenicillin in patients. After the second week of the course in twenty‐four out of sixty‐one patients, synthesis of benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) specific IgG, IgA, IgM and/or IgE could be demonstrated. BPO‐specific IgE was always found in combination with BPO‐specific IgG and/or IgM. No difference in the humoral immune response was found between patients who developed clinical hypersensitivity reactions and those who did not.In a follow‐up study the disappearance of BPO‐specific immunoglobulins of all classes was observed. Results of the epicutaneous tests showed that a long‐term course of benzylpenicillin did not evoke delayed hypersensitivity. However intracutaneous tests with benzylpenicilloyl‐polylysine or benzylpenicillin showed positive immediate type reactions. From the results it can be concluded that a BPO‐specific IgE response is not necessarily associated with the development of a clinical hypersensitivity reaction.