bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific vessel ligation for epistaxis: Survey of 60 cases
Authors: Rosnagle Robert S. , Yanagisawa Eiji , Smith Howard W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn a survey of 60 cases of internal maxillary artery ligation, only six therapeutic failures were encountered. Causes of failure were incorrect selection of vessel (four cases), and inadequate ligation of the artery (two cases). Initial identification of the bleeding site may be hampered by profuse bleeding or by anatomical obstruction, but correct localization will result in higher success rate for the procedure. Certain areas of the nose may receive blood from more than one artery. In these instances, ligation of both the internal maxillary and anterior ethmoid artery may be necessary.No relationship can be found in the series between hypertension and massive epistaxis. Neither did epistaxis predispose the hypertensive patient to imminent death.Hospitalization for treatment of massive epistaxis is shortened by specific vessel ligation as compared to posterior packing. Complications from the procedure cōnsists of cheek numbness in three cases and epiphora in one case. Care must be taken when isolating the vessels to avoid massive bleeding.Vessel ligation is an acceptable and effective means of controlling massive epistaxis.
Symposium on maxillo‐facial trauma. IV. Pitfalls in the treatment of mid‐facial trauma
Authors: Smith Howard W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe overall treatment of severe mid‐facial trauma calls for specialized knowledge and experience in an anatomical area shared by a number of surgical specialties. Increasing specialty board requirements and changing respect for anatomical boundaries among the various specialties make the mid‐facial area a bone of contention in medical centers with a limited volume of facial trauma cases. The need to share this educational resource is recognized; however, its distribution may be considered an educational pitfall among those more clinical in nature.The following clinical examples in the treatment of mid‐facial trauma have been briefly discussed and illustrated:1. Serious hematoma formation unrecognized or underestimated.2. Magnitude of facial bone injury unappreciated by initial observation of the patient and review of preliminary X‐rays.3. Poor selection of airway for delivery of general anesthesia.4. Unnecessary use of wire suspension for facial fracture immobilization.5. Failure to establish centric occlusion.6. Unrecognized inter‐canthal trauma.7. Impacted nasal fracture unreduced by closed reduction efforts and left untreated.8. Treatment of soft tissue injuries without regard for facial skeletal injuries.9. Vital structures discarded at time of initial treatment.10. Failure to replace missing dental elements early to avoid contracture.The trend towards introduction of lesser trained personnal in the intial treatment phase of facial traumam, coupled with the trend towards prepaid health group care suggests that the errors of treatment are likely to persist and in all probability to increase.
Mediastinoscopy: Application for hilar adenopathy
Authors: Welsh Louis W. , Welsh John J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMediastinoscopy is the primary technique for the diagnosis of disorders limited to the mediastinum which are of lymphatic origin. The procedure is safe and yields sufficient tissue for tissue analysis. Information secured from tomography of the mediastinum is discussed, and the immediate advantages of frozen tissue study assist the surgeon in procuring appropriate material. A review of the lymphomas and sarcoidosis as they appear in the mediastinum is presented. Contraindications to surgery are listed, and its role in the overall appraisal of the endoscopist cited.
Reversible sensori‐neural hearing loss associated with sickle cell crisis
Authors: Urban George E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA 20‐year‐old black male, semicomatose in a sickle cell anemia crisis, regained consciousness with no evidence of useable clinical hearing. The patient had had no previous history of abnormal hearing or ear pathology prior to this crisis. Audiometric evaluation revealed a severe binaural sensori‐neural hearing loss. Within 11 days after regaining consciousness, the air conduction threshold averages went from levels of 65 db ISO for the left and 81 db ISO for the right to 27 db ISO for the left and 50 db ISO on the right. Speech audiometry was initially unobtainable because of the severe losses. By day 11 the speech scores were as follows: Left Ear, SRT 26 db, 88 percent discrimination. Right Ear, SRT 50 db, 38 percent discrimination. Three months later the patient had improved to the point that the air conduction thresholds averages were 15 db for the left and 39 db for the right. Speech testing thresholds had improved to SRT 14 db. 96 percent discrimination on the left and SRT 38 db, 68 percent discrimination on the right. It is postulated that the mechanism responsible for this severe hearing loss is a reversible ischemia of the stria vascularis with secondary organ of Corti hypoxia as a direct result of the sickle cell crisis.
Subglottic hemangioma of the larynx treated with steroid therapy
Authors: Overcash Kelly E. , Putney F. Johnson 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPrevious experience with different modes of therapy of subglottic hemangioma have not been entirely satisfactory. Response of hemangiomas in general and specifically subglottic hemangiomas in infants to steroid therapy prompted this mode of therapy in two infants. Because of the possible late complications of radiation therapy to the head and neck area of children, a safer modality might avoid these possible complications. One patient with a biopsy proven cavernous hemangioma was decannulated six months following prednisone therapy. The second case, with histologically proven capillary hemangioma, did not have as great an initial response to steroid therapy.External signs of a Cushingnoid syndrome developed in both cases and improved with no residual effects on tapering doses of medication.
A new technique for micro‐laryngeal surgery in infants
Authors: Carden Edward , Ferguson George B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractGeneral anesthesia for microsurgery on the larynx in infants poses many problems if one is to provide good operating conditions for the surgeon and adequate safety for the infant. In the technique presented here the infants were anesthetized with inhalational agents, then a 16‐gauge plastic catheter was placed between the cords. With the infant paralyzed the lungs were ventilated with close to 100 percent oxygen by intermittently blowing oxygen at high pressure from the catheter. Anesthesia and paralysis were maintained with intravenous agents. The surgeon operated with a virtually unobstructed field. The child was adequately ventilated and the possibility of inhalation of blood or debris was minimized, as was the likelihood of the spread of neoplastic conditions down the trachea.
Intratympanic injection of steroid for treatment of facial paralysis
Authors: Bryant Frank L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCorticosteroids administered systemically have been used with varying degrees of success in the treatment of idiopathic facial paralysis. There is reason to believe that this drug exerts a beneficial influence based on the work of numerous investigators. On the basis of existing dehiscences along the course of the facial nerve and exposure of the chorda tympani nerve, such abnormalities might well be sites of entrance for insult to these nerves; likewise, they might serve as portals for direct medication. Such medication, a corticosteroid, might thus be introduced intratympanically. Seven earlier cases were so treated with complete recovery in six cases and 75 percent recovery in the seventh. Three more cases are reported, all with good and prompt recovery. No untoward side effects were noted.
Radiographic evaluation of the prevertebral space
Authors: Cole T. Boyce , Baylin George 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe prevertebral space as seen on the lateral soft tissue X‐ray is discussed. Variations of normal in the child and adult are reviewed. Normal anatomy may give a false impression of pathology such as air in the ear canal, lung apices, and cervical esophagus. Overlying shadows of other structures, namely, the ear, styloid, stylohyoid ligament, calcified anterior arch of the atlas in a child, calcification in the cricoid signet and cartilago triticea also may be confusing. Physiological changes with crying or swallowing in the child at times appear as pathology. The primary pathological changes seen on X‐ray are air in the tissue spaces, foreign bodies, tumor formation, erosion or proliferation of bone, fractures, deformities of the spine such as reversal of the normal curvature or slippage of the vertebrae, and displacement of the fat line. It must be kept in mind that X‐rays are only one additional tool for making a diagnosis and cannot be substituted for a thorough history and physical examination.The normal with many of its variations as well as a considerable number of pathological changes are illustrated.
Positive angle myelograms without acoustic neuroma
Authors: Wright Ronald E. , Turner John S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe early diagnosis of acoustic neuroma has become largely dependent on positive angle myelograms combined with audiometric and neurological tests; however, one can discover instances of false positive myelograms as mentioned in the literature by Valvassori, Hanafee, Scanlon, Penfield, Rydell and others. We feel it is important to review this topic and are reporting four cases of false positives. In our cases, three were explored with the findings of a normal anatomical variation in the size of the internal auditory canal, an adhesive arachnoid band, and a possible viral neuronitis, resulting in nonfilling of the internal canal. The fourth patient was found to have multiple sclerosis as the etiology of her symptoms, but no explanation for her abnormal angle myelogram has been found.Our incidence of false positive myelograms was 7.8 percent of myelograms done by the Emory University Medical Center since 1969. We feel it is important for all neuro‐otologic surgeons to realize that this can occur and why.
Normal variations in size and neoplastic changes of skull foramina
Authors: Calcaterra Thomas C. , Cherney Edward F. , Hanafee William F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOperability of head and neck cancers is usually limited by extension to the base of the skull. Intracranial extension occurs by tumor growth along the perineurium of cranial nerves and along blood vessels or by direct bone erosion. Skull involvement usually is determined by radiologic evidence of destruction or enlargement of skull foramina.Of particular importance to the head and neck surgeon are those foramina that serve as possible conduits for intracranial extension of cancers of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses, nasopharynx, palate, and face. Not infrequently disparity in size from the contralateral foramina, or absence of a particular foramina, will be interpreted as substantial evidence of intracranial tumor extension.The purpose of this study was to determine within individuals the normal diameter variations between pairs of the foramen ovale, foramen rotundum, pterygoid canal, and infraorbital canal. One hundred fifty tomograms of the anterior skull area were studied and classified into tumor and non‐tumor groups. The frequency of nonvisualization and the range of normal size of each foramina were recorded.
Diving induced sensori‐neural deafness: Prophylactic use of heparin and preliminary histopathology results
Authors: Mccormick James G. , Philbrick Thomas , Holland Walter , Harrill James A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPenner9 and Jaffe10 have postulated that hypercoagulation, embolic, and thrombotic problems may precipitate sudden deafness by affecting the microcirculation of the inner ear. These syndromes have been found to occur in decompression sickness11 and deafness and vestibular attacks are known to occur with diving.4 In our laboratory, we were able to demonstrate severe cochlear potential losses in guinea pigs with the induction of decompression sickness. The problem was largely prevented by the prophylactic administration of heparin.Preliminary study of the temporal bones of a guinea pig with a severe post‐dive vestibular attack and loss of cochlear potential function showed the presence of hemorrhage in the perilymph of the auditory and vestibular system.The above results are interpreted as evidence that hypercoagulation, embolic and thrombotic problems may precipitate a loss of cochlear dysfunction — most likely in a diving situation and potentially in cases of sudden deafness not related to diving.
Incidence of head and neck metastases from genito‐urinary neoplasms
Authors: Flocks R. H. , Boatman D. L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe important genito‐urinary malignancies have been reviewed and categorized as to the incidence of head and neck dissemination. The relative incidence in our institution was found as follows: adrenal, 6 percent; kidney, 6 percent; renal pelvis and ureter, none; bladder, 4.3 percent; prostate, 1 percent; testicle, 13 percent; and penis, 2.5 percent.
The effect of adult thymectomy in dogs on the immunosuppressive activity of antilymphocyte serum (als)
Authors: Mogi Goro , Harvey Joseph E. , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn the series of our studies on antilymphocyte serum (ALS) as an immunosuppressive agent in transplantation of the canine larynx, the use of ALS in thymectomized dogs was attempted for the purpose of increasing the immunosuppressive effects of ALS.Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was purified by DEAE‐cellulose batch production method from the high titer horse anti‐dog thymocyte plasma (ATP) and low titer ATP, respectively. A skin allograft assay was used to measure the immunosuppressive activity.Adult thymectomy previous to administration of the high titer‐IgG and low titer‐IgG, respectively, did not augment the immunosuppressive effect of these ATP‐IgG's.
Partial temporal bone resection for basal cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal with preservation of facial nerve and hearing
Authors: Goldman Nelson C. , Hardcastle Brian 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA 44‐year‐old retired naval airman with recurrent basal cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal underwent a partial temporal bone resection with preservation of the facial nerve and reconstruction of his hearing mechanism. The morbidity associated with radical temporal bone resection was avoided. Useful hearing was obtained by myringostapediopexy with staged split thickness skin grafting. The patient's postoperative appearance is enhanced by wearing of a prosthesis.
Orbital apex syndrome due to sinus infection
Authors: Kronschnabel Edward F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOrbital extension of acute paranasal sinus infection seems to be an occurrence of increasing frequency and increasing severity in the past few years. This recurrence of an old phenomenon is happening despite medical specialization, due to alteration of bacteria biology due to generation‐long use of antibiotics. Alteration of host responses due to use of steroids is also responsible. Over‐reliance on diagnostic aids alters clinical judgment. Especially important is the fact that, in the most serious complication, cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis, one can be misled by fundoscopic examination, inasmuch as the state of the disk is not a reliable index.Six case records are used to illustrate various degrees of orbital content involvement, including blindness and meningitis complications. Early diagnosis of the spread of infection, vigorous antibiotic therapy, and surgical drainage when necessary are required. Steroid use is apparently ineffective and possibly erroneous, and anticoagulant‐anti‐inflammatory agents of an older era are probably more reliable when life and sight are threatened.
An electrical stimulation study on the afferent fibers in the facial nerve of cats and the contralateral facial muscle response
Authors: Binns Philip M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractElectrical stimulation studies on the exposed facial nerve in cats have demonstrated a contralateral facial muscle response. This has been assessed by direct observation, electromyography, conduction times, photography and cinematography. A series of facial nerve transection experiments have been performed. It has been shown that afferent fibers are distributed with the distal facial nerve and pass through the stylomastoid foramen. These afferent fibers leave the facial nerve in the vertical portion of the facial nerve in the mastoid by an anastomotic branch which is thought to communicate with the Xth nerve.
Hemangioendothelioma of the mastoid bone
Authors: Joachims Henry Z. , Cohen Yoram 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA case of hemangioendothelioma in the mastoid bone and ear is presented. This tumor is very rare in the skull and has never been reported in the ear. The presenting symptoms were purulent discharge and loss of hearing in the involved ear.Excision of the tumor was followed by irradiation, and the patient is well and free from disease three years postoperatively.
Acute epiglottitis due to systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Toomey James M. , Snyder G.Gordon , Maenza Ronald M. , Rothfield Naomi P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEpiglottic involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus may produce the clinical and laryngoscopic manifestations of acute epiglottitis. This complication is most likely to occur during acute exacerbations of the underlying disease.Other reported laryngeal manifestations of SLE include mucosal ulceration and hemorrhagic bullae, diffuse edema, corditis, cord tumor, laryngitis sicca, chronic hyperplastic laryngitis, cricoarytenoid arthritis or vocal cord paralysis.The larynx may be significantly affected by lupus erythematosus in as many as one‐third of all cases.
Angiosarcoma of the premaxilla
Authors: Karmody Collin S. , Kim Cheong Ha 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAngiosarcomas are comparatively rare neoplasms that present more commonly in the head and neck. Treatment of these tumors has been generally unsatisfactory because of a tendency to local recurrence regardless of the modality of therapy used. A case of anfiosarcoma involving the soft tissue of the premaxilla is presented. This was treated with carefully controlled radiation. The results have been highly satisfactory with preservation of facial tissue and with no evidence of recurrence after 40 months. The relevant literature is discussed.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the ear‐mastoid
Authors: Deutsch Melvin , Felder Herman 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe authors present five cases of rhabdomyosarcoma of the ear‐mastoid region and review the literature (73 cases) in an attempt to determine why therapy is so frequently unsuccessful. Spread to the nasopharynx and cranial cavity accounts for a significant proportion of “local failures”; also cervical node metastases occur in a significant number of cases. The authors recommend postoperative radiotherapy, at least 5,000 rads in five weeks (NSD = 1575 rets) to a large volume comprising the primary site, nasopharynx, a generous portion of the ipsilateral mid and posterior cranial cavity, and upper ipsilateral neck. Chemotherapy is also an important adjuvant in the management of these patients.
Surgical results of orbital decompression for malignant exophthalmos
Authors: Ogura Joseph H. , Lucente Frank E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDuring the past 75 years, several procedures for surgical correction of malignant exophthalmos have been described. In 1948, Ogura and Walsh first employed the transantral approach for decompression of the orbital contents into the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. This technique requires controlled incision of the orbital periosteum to balance the eyes.In 120 patients described, recessions ranged from 2 to 12 mm. The eyes were balanced within 1 mm in 75 percent of patients. Preoperative visual acuity was usually preserved or improved except in patients who presented with panophthalmitis. Among the adjunctive ophthalmologic procedures required were levator tenotomy, tarsorrhaphy, entropion and ectropion repair, corneal transplants, and muscle‐balancing operations.There have been no instances of cerebrospinal fluid leak, meningitis, or optic nerve trauma. One patient bled from an aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery during surgery. Two patients developed sinusitis postoperatively and two others required revisions in order to achieve a more satisfactory result.
Electrocochleography with retardates
Authors: Lyons George D. , Berlin Charles I. , Lousteau Ray J. , Ellis Michael S. , Yarbrough William M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOur experience with an application and technique for electrocochleography, specifically in retardates, is reported. A case is presented in detail; that is, a mongoloid child with many overlapping otological and audiological diagnostic problems. With the combined use of cochleography and tympanometry much of this diagnostic confusion was resolved and management was simplified. This technique is also compared with late evoked cortical audiometry.
An oscillographic study of an objective tinnitus
Authors: Keller A. P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA young girl with a normal audiogram and an audible clicking ear sound was seen. The sound was recorded, analyzed by oscilloscopic methods and found to be of a ringing pattern with a pulse lasting about 4 milliseconds and having a pulse frequency of one to two per second, averaging about 1.8/sec. The sound was abated by the use of a tranquilizer and the patient has returned to normal. A possible explanation of the noise mechanism is suggested, and it is hoped that the oscilloscopic analysis of recordable ear noises as employed in this case will be undertaken by other otolaryngologists so that eventually enough data will be assembled to give us a better understanding of the etiology of these sounds.
Facial analysis in patient evaluation for physiologic and cosmetic surgery
Authors: Patterson Carl N. , Powell Donald G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe paper presents some of the anatomic and artistic relationships that must be known, appreciated and used by the reconstructive facial surgeon.The utilization of some of the instruments of artistic measurement for facial analysis are presented.The size, location, angulation and relationship of the ears, eyes, lips, nose and chin are specifically described. Demonstrative cases are presented.
Wire mesh foundation for methyl methacrylate cranioplasty
Authors: Sessions Roy B. , Wolfe S. Kenneth , Moiel Richard H. , Cheek William R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAlloplastic materials have essentially replaced metal plates for frontal cranioplasty. Methyl methacrylate (Cranioplast, acrylic, etc.) is the most widely used of the plastic materials. Despite its many advantages, this plastic implant is vulnerable to trauma, with resulting fragmentation, and in certain cases, brain injury. The placement of a wire mesh foundation through which the semisolid methyl methacrylate is poured creates a well anchored implant which does not fragment when fractured. Two case reports of such reconstruction are presented.