bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CIVIL WAR MONITOR TECUMSE RECOVERY PLANNED
Authors: WISCHHOEFER WILLIAM J. G. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe national armed forces Museum Advisory Board of the Smithsonian Institution is planning to recover and restore the Civil War Union Monitor TECUMSEH from the bottom of Mobile Bay. TECUMSEH was sunk in 1864 during a Union Naval Force attack on this, the last major Confederate seaport in the Gulf of Mexico. The Smithsonian Institution, with assistance from the U.S. Navy's Supervisor of Salvage Office, found the hull in 1967 in an inverted position, buried in mud. Analysis of metal and wood samples and artifacts removed in 1968 found the hull and its contents to be in remarkably good condition. The author, with volunteer a distance from various members of the Supervisor of Salvage Office and the Naval Ship Engineering Center, has developed a general recovery plan and has built models of TECUMSEH, the salvage site in Mobile Bay, and the salvage equipment to demonstrate the recovery plan.On the morning of the 5th of August 1864, a Union Naval Force with the monitor TECUMSEH in the lead, attacked the Confederate forts protecting Mobile Bay, While under heavy fire from Fort Morgan on Mobile Point, TECUMSEH sighted the Confederate ram TENNESSEE attempting to intercept Admiral David G. Farragut's flagship, HARTFORD. TECUMSEH's Commanding Officer, Commander T. A. Craven, changed course to attack the Confederate ship, disregarding the known torpedo
UNDERWATER ARCTIC OIL TRANSPORT
Authors: GOLAY MARCEL J. E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe oft discussed possibility of submarine oil cargo is given a new and poignant dimension by the large oil discoveries on the Alaskan North Slope and by the possibility of further discoveries in the northern Canadian islands.This article discusses the essential technical characteristics of very large unfoldable oil‐carrying submarine barges, and their dramatic economic advantages.
THE ARAPAHO SYSTEM AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE SHIP‐A VIATION CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: MULQUIN JAMES J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the ARAPAHO System as a means of extending sea control assets during emergencies where a positive submarine /cruise missile threat to sea lanes has been identified, and where commissioned units (CVS, SCS, CV, etc.) are inadequate in number for the task.Under the plan, selected ASW Helo Squadrons would be trained and equipped for duty aboard ships of opportunity, with prime candidate hulls being the larger, faster new container ships. Designated Squadrons, in addition to their standard aircraft and support gear, they would be assigned as many as 100 standard cargo containers especially modified for aviation support. These 8 × 8 × 20 ft. vans would provide aviation spares, maintenance, power, water, hotel accommodation, ASW stores, sensor systems, and even JP‐5 fuel.Exercised regularly at sea, the Aviation Units would be prepared to mobilize rapidly, deploy aboard the most accessible container ship, maintain round‐the‐clock air cover, and upon conclusion of the crisis, return to their home stations. The Host Ship immediately would remove the embarked containers and resume normal commercial operation.
Environmentally Protection R & D Applied to Ships and Watercraft
Authors: LEHR WILLIAM E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTContinued public concern over environmental quality has led to new requirements for pollution free operation of ships and watercraft These requirements are founded upon various Public Laws and their implementing Regulations. New equipment and operating procedures are needed to meet these requirements. In particular, systems to prevent ship accidents and equipment to reduce pollutant discharges must be developed. This paper summarizes the legal requirements for shipboard pollution prevention and describes the current status of R&D to provide waste treatment devices for shipboard use. Vessel Traffic Systems, bilge/ballast water separators, sewage treatment device and ship exhaust emission R&D is emphasized.
Environmentally Compatible Antifouling Materials Organometallic Polymers
Authors: DYCKMAN E. J. , MONTEMARANO J. A. , FISCHER E. C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTEffective long term antifouling protection for Navy ships and submerged equipments may be realized by the mid 1970's. A novel concept in antifouling technology, Nonfouling Organometallic Polymers have been developed by the Authors at the Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Annapolis, Maryland. The synthesis of these antifouling resins is described herein. Insitu field exposure trials and laboratory studies indicate that organometallic polymers are capable of good antifouling performance while releasing organometallic ions at a rate at least one order of magnitude less than state‐of‐the‐art antifouling coating systems. It is anticipated that the organometallic polymeric antifouling system will improve the longevity of ships' hull coatings to five years, and reduce the pollution attributable to presently used high leaching antifouling coatings. Besides their use as coatings, organometallic polymeric resins have further Navy applications as fouling resistant structural plastics.
Marine Borer Resistance of Controlled‐ Composition Polymers in Tropic Waters
Authors: BULTMAN JOHN D. , LEONARD JOHN M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTMarine borer resistance of various experimental polymeric materials, otherwise suitable for marine electric cable insulation, was evaluated. Twenty‐five candidate formulations containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin were prepared. Four non‐PVC formulations containing chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylenepropylene rubber, chlorinated polethylene, and crosslinked polyethylene, respectively, were also prepared. One commercial plastic, cellulose acetatebutyrate, was included. These plastics were exposed in the Pacific Ocean at Naos Island, C.Z., and in the Caribbean at Coco Solo, C.Z., for periods of 6 months to 14 months. Part of each specimen was exposed directly to the water; the remainder was juxtaposed with Honduran mahogany, partly in the form of a sandwich. No marine boring organisms attacked the plastics directly from the water; all damage occurred at the wood/plastic interfaces. None of the formulations was completely immune to attack by teredos or pholads, although the non‐PVC polymers were much more resistant to both than the PVC formulations. The presence of inert fillers or toxicants or a change in plastic hardness in the PVC formulations had little effect on the amount of pholad damage. Teredo damage was not as extreme or extensive as pholad damage. The PVC formulations containing the inert, inorganic fillers were virtually undamaged by teredos; those containing toxicants were also relatively free of damage by these organisms. Creosote as a co‐plasticizer protected one of the PVC formulations against teredos. The hardness in PVC plastics was not an important variable. The cellulose acetate‐butyrate; was heavily damaged by both teredos and pholads.
“HOLOGRAPHY”
Authors: GATZOULIS JULIANI 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a survey of some applications of optical holography to applied mechanics which are of special interest to the U.S. Navy. A brief introduction is given to holography and a description of specific techniques widely used in this field is provided. Examples of the applications are given to demonstrate this usefulness in the study of typical problems such as vibration analysis and structural analysis.
High Performance Ship Design and its Relation to Research and Development
Authors: REED SHERMAN C. , BENSON JEFFREY L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTSome of the attributes of high performance ships are developed. The potential benefit of high performance ships, high speed in high‐sea states, is weighed against projected cost trends. The cost/benefit comparison developed leads to an examination of structures in the context of a “balanced” design.The approach to high performance ship design is inherently different from the design approach followed for monohull displacement ships. The difference in approach is demonstrated to be first, because of the more stringent design requirements and second, (perhaps more significantly) because of the high degree of interaction required between subsystems.The paper concludes with a suggestion for a possible reordering of research and development priorities to support high performance ships and their design, and prospects for overall benefits to the Navy's research and development programs.
AN ANALYSIS OF PARTIAL ARC BEARINGS INCLUDING EFFECTS OF ELASTICITY AND VISCOSITY
Authors: WECHSLER LASKAR 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe aim of this investigation is to analyze the performance of a sleeve bearing which is subjected to loads such as those imposed on the piston pin bearing of a two‐stroke cycle diesel engine. This bearing is the most highly loaded of all bearings in the engine, and its performance is critical to satisfactory operation of the engine. To date, there has been no theoretical work published which satisfactorily explains its operation and, as a result, the design of the bearing has been by cut and try methods.In this report, the operation of this type of bearing is examined, using the theories of elasto‐hydrodynamic lubrication. The resulting calculations of bearing performance show that loads far greater than those calculated by means of the hydrodynamic equations can be supported with equal oil film thickness. Further work is required to optimize the design of these bearings and to correlate the cut and try designs presently in use.To assist the reader in the understanding of the Nomenclature and Subscripts used by the author, they are defined in the APPENDIX following the REFERENCES.
U.S. NAVAL MACHINERY AUTOMATION CONCEPTS
Authors: HAUSCHILDT MAURICE R. , WARD LUTHER B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper briefly outlines the present centralized machinery plant control practices in the U.S. Navy for steam, gas turbine and diesel plants. The level of automatic control existent in the more advanced ships today is described.Problems existing with present automated machinery designs are discussed with some recommended solutions.Present conceptual automated machinery plant control systems for current ship designs are described, together with applicable control concepts. An examination of practical control system design alternatives available for such warships today are presented.Considerations regarding the ultimate practical level of automation for Naval machinery are postulated for the future.Advantages in accepting “on‐line” digital control of Naval machinery in a combatant ship are discussed with an exposition of the side benefits to be gained in utilizing this method of control.Predictions relating to the impact of “on‐line” digital computer control of Naval machinery in the Fleet and the eventual advantages of such a control scheme are related. The interface relationships with personnel training, rate structure, and maintenance philosophy are discussed.
METRICATION OF U.S. SHIPBUILDING
Authors: ZEIEN CHARLES 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe whole world has opted for Metric. Can the U. S. A. be far behind?This paper will review Great Britain's transition to Metric and the economic forces that made its 1965 decision necessary and desirable. Does the U. S. A. find its situation analagous in 1973?A review will be made of Great Britain's progress toward Metrication, particularly as it affected and affects the Shipbuilding Industry.A “game plan” for our industry will be offered.
THE OPERATOR AND ENGINEER—PARTNERS IN NAVAL SHIP DESIGN
Authors: GRAHAM CLARK 
Published: March 2009

AbstractToday, due to the extreme complexity of modern naval ships, there is a need for the Ship Designer and Ship Operator to work together as partners in designing combatant ships. The ship design process consists of a continual series of “trade off” decisions where one feature is balanced against another. The Ship Designer (PRODUCER) and the Operator (CUSTOMER) must make these decisions together. This paper addresses a number of important design factors which the Engineer and Operator should keep in mind; namely, the meaning and cost of ship performance, the importance of life cycle cost, and the effect of the design spiral. Specific examples are cited explaining the impact that compromises between several performance features can have on a ship design. The message emphasized is that ship performance never comes cheaply and that the Engineer and Operator are in the best positions to make the difficult decisions necessary to produce a balanced ship design.
THE PATROL FRIGATE PROGRAM‐A NEW APPROACH TO SHIP DIGIGN AND ACQUISTION
Authors: NEWCOMB JOHN W. , DITRAPANI ANTHONY R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLate in 1970, Admiral E. R. Zumwdt, Chid of Naval Operations, directed that study begin towards development of a new class of ocean escort to be known BS Patrol Frigate (PF) to take over some of the duties of the Navy's World War II destroyers as these 25 year old ships are retired from the active Fleet. At the same time, the Department of Defense, was significantly revising its basic policies for the development and acquisition of major weapons systems, and PF became the Nay's first major ship claw acquisition under these new policies. This new requirement, as atmound in DOD Directive 5000.1, along with the program constraints imposed by the CNO, required the development of a philosophy and approach towards design, test and evaluation and acquisition which was significantly Merent from ship procurements of the recent past. This paper disc the overall acquisition proms for the Patrol Frigate Class BS it is being developed and implemented to meet these needs and constraints, and provides a commepfary regarding the effectiveness of the appraach as of January 1973.
TEST APPROACH TO MACHINERY CONDITION ANALYSIS
Authors: WELLING MORRIS , KUTUFARIS STANLEY N. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with machinery condition analysis techniques that have been used on selected Navy surface ships; in particular with those of performance and vibration measurement. When properly applied and interpreted by knowledgeable engineers, they can provide surprisingly accurate diagnosis of defects and deficiencies in operating equipments such as pumps, compressors, turbines and gears. Use of such techniques can lead to extension, and in some cases, elimination of regularly scheduled overhaul periods. Further potential is discussed in regard to development of instrumentation and techniques that are within the capability of ship personnel.
THE MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING ANALYSIS, A VITAL LINK BETWEEN THE DESIGN ENGINEER AND FLEET SUPPORT
Authors: MARCUCILLI T. J. , HENDRICKSON M. L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the Maintenance Engineering Analyses (MEA) as performed in support of a major ship acquisition process. A major impetus is to demonstrate how the MEA can be utilized better to provide a direct data link between the design agent and the logistic support community to enhance Fleet operational effectiveness. A description of the overall MEA process is provided and several examples are used showing the type of design improvements realizable through an integration of the MEA process into the early stages of ship system design.
A CONCEPTUAL STUDY FOR A NEW WINGED SURFACE EFFECT VEHICLE SYSTEM
Authors: McMASTERS JOHN H. , GREER RICHARD R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis article describes the results of a feasibility study on a class of winged surface effect vehicles (WSEV's) intended for naval use. The objective of the study was to define a system which would: 1) possess speed and operational capabilities substantially greater than existing surface effect vessels, 2) circumvent size limitations inherent in conventional aircraft designs, and 3) offer an economically and operationally viable alternative to existing water based and/or airborne naval systems for a variety of missions. The proposed WSEV's are a family of low aspect ratio channel shaped vessels operating on the principle of an aerodynamic lifting wing in ground effect during cruise and initially intended for cargo transportation over short‐to‐intermediate ranges (up to 3000 nautical miles). The proposed configuration is quite flexible, however, and could be suitable for a variety of missions. It is concluded that the proposed WSEV configuration shows substantial promise for satisfying the design objectives specified. However, several aspects of the system require additional research.
ANTIFOULING ORGANOMET ALLIC STRUCTURAL PLASTICS
Authors: DYCKMAN E. J. , MONTEMARANO J. A. , FISCHER E. C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAs reported in the December issue of the Naval Engineers Journal, the development of environmentally compatible antifouling organometallic polymers represents a major advance in the state‐of‐the‐art of antifouling technology. In this continuation article the Authors describe the advantages of using these novel organometallic polymeric resins not only as antifouling coatings but as fouling resistant structural plastics. To date, acrylic, vinyl, styrene and polyester organometallic polymers have shown excellent resistance to marine fouling organisms during panel immermersion at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. During accelerated aging trials, using a Rotating Cylinder Apparatus, organometallic polymers have demonstrated lower leaching rates than conventional, approved shipboard antifouling coatings. Low‐leaching, antifouling OMPs are planned for use in fabricating nonfouling glass reinforced plastics, inherently antifouling buoyancy materials and environmentally compatible antifouling coatings.
FEMALE PERSONNEL ABOARD SHIP—HABITABILITY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: CASTLE JOSEPH E. , LEWONOWSKI LAUREL A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Chief of Naval Operations has announced plans to expand the roles of female personnel within the Navy. These plans include allowing female personnel to serve aboard ships. This action is based on the premise that “any man or woman should be able to serve his country in any capacity he wishes.”The proposed Equal Rights Amendment and our Country's move to all‐volunteer services increase the possibility of women serving aboard all Navy ships. This paper presents a brief history of women in the Navy, discusses some of the major factors associated with women aboard ship and their relevance to ship design, and highlights some of the potential habitability design impacts.If women are to serve aboard Navy ships, members of the naval architectural community will play key roles in establishing effective designs responsive to this objective.
The U.S. Navy Diving Program
Authors: COLEMAN JAMES J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe office of the Supervisor of Diving, Naval Ship Systems Command, is responsible for the development and testing of swimmer and diver equipment. The goal of the Navy Diving Program is to enable the diver to work safely, efficiently, and in comfort at 1,000 feet today; 1,500 feet in the near future; and 2,500 feet in the far term. This program is divided into three areas of concern: a) Surface Supported Diving; b) Integrated Diving System; and c) Man‐in‐the‐Sea Deep Ocean.The paper focuses on the aforementioned areas by relating to existing equipments, their problems, and what programs are currently being proved to resolve these problems.
Advances in Celestial Navigation
Authors: FELDMAN SIDNEY , SEIDELMANN P. KENNETH , BARTON GEORGE G. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe traditional celestial navigation, position fixing with the sextant and stars, has not been displaced by the development of the accurate and all‐weather inertial and radio navigation (LORAN, OMEGA, Satellite) systems. The limitations of these electronic navigation systems require celestial navigation as the back‐up on major naval and commercial vessels. Also it is the prime navigation method on many small Navy, Coast Guard, commercial, and pleasure craft. However, marine celestial navigation is not all‐weather, requiring sufficiently clear weather and illumination to see the celestial body and sea horizon simultaneously. In addition sight reduction from the sextant data to obtain line of positions for plotting is a tedious and time‐consuming procedure. Presently potential exists to extend the operating period of sextants to nighttime, and to assist general navigation, as well, with night vision telescopes and low light level TV (LLLTV) cameras. The state‐of‐the‐art in microelectronics indicates it is feasible to develop a relatively inexpensive, small, hand‐held, portable sextant‐computer system that will alleviate the tedium and blunders of sight reduction, and increase navigation accuracy.This paper describes the new day/night digital readout marine sextant, the concepts of the portable sextant‐computer system, the development of the sight reduction computer program, and the remote‐controlled LLLTV camera‐sextant system, which the navigator can operate within the ship to obtain celestial body sightings.
Computerized Damage Control Books
Authors: NATEMEIER HAROLD C. , KRAINE GILBERT L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the method adopted by the U.S. Coast Guard by which Damage Control Books are revised using a text‐editing computer program. By recalling the stored text, making required changes through a terminal located at the U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, then printing the entire updated book, a new master text is quickly prepared. The master is reproduced and revised copies are ready for distribution in a matter of days. The ship is therefore provided with a new corrected text at regular frequent intervals rather than one that contains many written corrections. In addition, the computer also prints out the Compartment Check‐Off Lists for the ship, corrected to the latest revision of the ship's Damage Control Book.This new system brings us a giant step closer to the ultimate goal of having aboard each ship accurate up‐to‐date Damage Control Books and Compartment Check‐Off Lists.
Structural Design of Spherical Shells Subjected to Uniform External Pressure
Authors: HELLER S.R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTExisting theoretical solutions for the subject problem are modified by experimental results. The effects of out‐of‐roundness, prebuckling stresses between the proportional limit and yield stress, and fabrication method are considered. A systematic procedure for selecting and verifying the adequacy of the thickness is suggested and illustrated by a numerical example.