bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causative effect of cow's milk protein and soy protein on progressive small bowel mucosal damage
Authors: IYNGKARAN N. , YADAV M. , BOEY C. G. , KAMATH K. R. , LAM K. L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSome infants intolerant to cow's milk protein (CMP) are often also intolerant to other food proteins including soy protein (SP). The effect of CMP and SP in infants recovering from diarrhoeal disease was studied in 22 infants who were maintained on an hypo‐allergenic formula for 4–6 weeks. The infants were then challenged successively, initially with SP, followed 24 h later with CMP and then rechallenged with SP 24 h after CMP provocation. Three groups were recognized on the basis of clinical symptoms and mucosal changes following SP challenge.Group 1 comprised four infants who developed clinical and histological reactions on SP challenge. The subsequent CMP challenge, 24 h after the initial SP challenge, resulted in clinical symptoms in three of the four infants, and they developed increased mucosal injury. Rechallenge with SP in the three infants caused development of severe clinical symptoms.Group 2 comprised 12 infants who developed histological reaction but had no clinical symptoms to initial SP challenge. The subsequent CMP challenge caused further progression in mucosal pathology in 11 of the 12 infants and six also had associated clinical symptoms. Rechallenge with SP in the latter six infants resulted in development of clinical symptoms in three and tolerance to SP in three infants.Group 3 comprised six infants who tolerated SP and CMP but one of these infants developed mild histological changes to CMP. The progression of mucosal injury following SP and CMP challenge was associated with a significant decrease in mucosal disaccharidases, alkaline phosphatase levels and presence of reducing sugar in the stools. The 1 h blood xylose level continued to decrease significantly following the pre‐SP, post‐SP, and post‐CMP challenge.It appears that the small bowel mucosa of young infants recovering from diarrhoea1 disease remains sensitive not only to CMP but also to SP. The feeding of these proteins in rapid successive sequence to infants with mucosal damage might result in further progression of the mucosal injury. Thus, the exclusion for a variable period of time of antigenic food proteins like CMP and SP from the diet of young infants recovering from diarrhoea might reduce the risk of inducing mucosal sensitivity to these proteins in susceptible infants.
Fulminant viral hepatitis: Indian experience
Authors: RAJU G. S. , BROOR S. , SINGH V. , MEHTA S. K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThirty‐six patients with fulminant viral hepatitis were studied. Enzyme immunoassay was used to detect the presence of HBsAg, IgM anti‐HBc, and IgM anti‐HAV. Non‐A, non‐B virus was the most common aetiological agent (61.1%) followed by hepatitis B virus (HBV; 30.6%) and hepatitis A virus (8.3%). Presence of IgM anti‐HBc confirmed the diagnosis of HBV infection in three cases who were negative for HBsAg. Similarly, in one case who was positive for HBsAg, absence of IgM anti‐HBc suggested superinfection with some other agent. Survival was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the hepatitis A virus (HAV) group (66.6%) compared with non‐A, non‐B (31.2%) and HBV groups (27.3%). Fever at the onset of illness was seen in all patients with HAV, 54.5% of patients with HBV and 38.88% of patients with non‐A, non‐B infection (P < 0.01). The median time interval between the first symptom and the onset of encephalopathy was 16, 13 and 8 days in HAV, HBV and non‐A, non‐B groups, respectively, but this difference was statistically not significant (P > 0.05).
Serum and urinary zinc in fulminant hepatic failure
Authors: NANDI S. S. , CHAWLA Y. K. , NATH R. , DILAWARI J. B. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTPatients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy have been shown to have low serum zinc levels. Moreover, in a controlled study, significant improvement was seen in these patients on oral zinc supplementation. Information on zinc status in fulminant hepatic failure is insufficient. Serum and urinary zinc abnormalities were studied in 22 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and they were compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The mean serum zinc values were significantly less in patients with FHF (72.7 ± 3.7 μg/100 mL versus 107.9 ± 6.2 μg/100 mL) while the urinary zinc values were significantly higher compared with controls (603.5 ± 9.3 μg/24 h versus 334.4 ± 10 μg/24 h). The serum zinc levels significantly and progressively decreased, while urinary zinc significantly increased after admission in patients with FHF. The serum zinc values in the group that survived were significantly higher than those in the group of patients who died. Correspondingly, urinary zinc was lower in survivors than in the group that expired. This study indicates that serum and urinary zinc levels could be used as a prognostic indicator in FHF. A therapeutic trial with zinc supplementation is justified in this group of patients.
Natural/spontaneous shunts in non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis
Authors: DILAWARI J. B. , CHAWLA Y. K. , CHARI S. T. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTLarge natural/spontaneous shunts on splenoportovenography were demonstrated in 10 of 93 patients with non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis. There was significantly less bleeding in patients with spontaneous shunt than in those having no shunt. Large oesophageal varices (grade III‐IV) were seen more frequently in patients without spontaneous shunt.
Effects of ethanol and its metabolites on collagen synthesis by cultured rat liver cells
Authors: TSUTSUMI MIKIHIRO , TAKADA AKIRA , TAKASE SHUJIRO , SHIMANAKA KOSHI , ENYAMA KEIKO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAbstract The effects of ethanol and its metabolites on collagen synthesis in cultured rat Ito cells and hepatocytes were studied. In cultured Ito cells, collagen synthetic ability reached peak values after incubation for 24 h and after 8 h in cultured hepatocytes. The distribution patterns of 14C‐activity in each collagen fraction were quite different between the two cell types. About 80% of the activity was found in the degraded collagen fraction in the cultured hepatocytes, indicating a rapid turn‐over of collagen protein in this cell type. In the Ito cells, the activity in the intact collagen was about 50%. Ethanol and its metabolites added to the incubation medium did not stimulate collagen synthesis in either cell type; rather, they inhibited it. Collagen metabolism in the cells to which ethanol or its metabolites had been added was slower than in the control medium. These results indicate that the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver fibrosis is not simple and that interaction or modulation of cell function in different types of cells should be considered when examining the mechanisms of fibrogenesis in alcoholic liver fibrosis.
Morphological and immunohistochemical assessment of intrahepatic bile duct development in the rat
Authors: GALL JOHN A. M. , BHATHAL PRITHI S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAbstract The hypotheses that intrahepatic bile ducts are derived either by a transformation of periportal liver cells or by dichotomous branching of the extrahepatic bile ducts were investigated in fetal and postnatal rat livers by histological and immunohistochemical methods using an antiserum to prekeratin which, in the liver, binds to biliary epithelial cells (BEC). In conventionally stained sections, bile duct development was observed to begin in the 19 day fetus around the larger branches of the portal vein, with the formation of lumina surrounded by cuboidal or elongated hepatoblast‐like cells on the portal aspect and readily distinguished hepatoblasts on the lobular aspect. At 21 days, these structures had developed into canals of Hering lined jointly by recognizable liver cells and BEC. The number of canals of Hering per portal tract peaked at 22 days’ gestation and diminished in number at birth and over the ensuing 56 h, with a concomitant increase in fully formed ducts. Bile ducts lined completely by BEC were first found at 20 days. Immunohistochemically, prekeratin antigens were first detected at 20 days in duct‐like structures not only in phenotypic BEC but also in adjacent cells with an hepatoblast phenotype. Such intermediate cells were present until birth. These findings support the view that intrahepatic bile ducts develop by a reorganization and modulation of the periportal hepatoblasts to BEC.
Ulcerative colitis in Karachi
Authors: QURESHI HUMA , ZUBERI SARWAR J. , BANATWALA NAJMUDDIN , ANWAR AFTAB , SHAMSI ZIAUDDIN , KHAN M. NAEEMULLAH 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAbstract Experience of 189 patients with non‐specific ulcerative colitis has been reviewed. The majority of patients was in the 21–30 year age group, and neither sex predominated. Seventy‐two percent had mild to moderate disease. The disease was mainly confined to the left colon (60%) and 13% had total colitis.
Relationship between morphine responses and sphincter of Oddi motility in undefined biliary pain after cholecystectomy
Authors: ROBERTS‐THOMSON I.C. , PANNALL P.R. , TOOULI J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAbstract In 150 patients with undefined biliary pain after cholecystectomy, responses to morphine were compared with responses to morphine combined with neostigmine. The relationship between rises in plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) after morphine or morphine‐neostigmine and sphincter of Oddi motility as assessed by endoscopic manometry was also examined. When compared with morphine‐neostigmine, patients given morphine alone showed a similar frequency (30% versus 33%) of increases in plasma levels of AST (> twice the upper limit of the reference range) but had less abdominal pain and a lower frequency of similar increases in plasma levels of amylase (4% versus 25%). Of 92 patients who consented to endoscopic manometry of the sphincter of Oddi, satisfactory manometric records were obtained in 84, 31 with and 53 without increases in AST after morphine or morphine‐neostigmine. Those showing rises in AST had a higher frequency of abnormal manometric records (81% versus 57%, P = 0.025), higher basal pressures in the sphincter of Oddi (P = 0.0001) and higher pressures within ducts (P = 0.02). There was a significant correlation between sphincter basal pressures and intraduct pressures (r = 0.51, P<0.0001). Rises in plasma AST after morphine are similar to those after morphine‐neostigmine and are influenced by, or linked to, factors which determine sphincter basal pressures and intraduct pressures.
HTLV‐1 associated myelopathy in an HTLV‐1 and HBV double carrier family: Report of a case and the mode of vertical transmission of both viruses
Authors: NAKAMURA F. , KAJIHARA H. , NAKAMURA M. , SASAKI H. , KUMAMOTO T. , OKADA K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAbstract Osame et al. first described human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) associated myelopathy (HAM) as a new clinical entity in 1986. A 23 year old female diagnosed as having HAM whose family had a high frequency of double virus infection with HTLV‐1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) gave reason to suspect mother‐to‐child transmission of both viruses. No clear coincidence in the mode of transmission of HTLV‐1 and HBV was found. It is presumed that the mechanism of infection with HTLV‐1 and HBV differ slightly.
Hepatic microsomal protein and cytochrome P‐450 in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania
Authors: AL‐MOFLEH I. A. , AL‐KHUWAITIR S. A. , MAHMOUD A. A. , KYEGOMBE D. B. , AL‐TUWAIJRI A. S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe effects of infection of mice with Leishmania major on liver microsomal protein and cytochrome P‐450 were examined. The levels of hepatic microsomal protein and cytochrome P‐450 were monitored at 6, 7, 9 and 12 weeks post‐infection. The results indicated that the amount of hepatic microsomal protein and cytochrome P‐450 were unchanged throughout the course of infection with L. major, despite the high degree of parasite proliferation in Kupffer cells and marked reduction in phagocytosis. The current results clearly indicate that Leishmania‐induced macrophage suppression has no inhibitory effect on hepatic microsomal protein and cytochrome P‐450.
Atrial natriuretic peptide, plasma renin activity, plasma volume, systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: VINEL J. P. , DENOYEL P. , VIOSSAT I. , CALES P. , CAUCANAS J. P. , CHABRIER P. E. , ESQUERRE J. P. , BRAQUET P. , PASCAL J. P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to assess relationships between plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and plasma volume, systemic vascular resistances, cardiac output and plasma renin activity in patients with cirrhosis. Thirty patients were included: eight with no history of liver disease were used as controls; 22 patients had biopsy‐proven alcoholic cirrhosis without ascites (n=11) and with ascites (n=11). Mean ANP plasma level was significantly higher in both groups of cirrhotic patients than in controls (P<0.05). In the control group, ANP and plasma renin activity were inversely correlated (P<0.05) but no correlation was found in cirrhotic patients. In the group of patients with ascites, ANP plasma levels were inversely correlated to plasma volume (P<0.05) and to cardiac output (P<0.01) and directly correlated to systemic vascular resistances (P<0.01). Using multiple regression analysis, ANP remained correlated only with systemic vascular resistances (P<0.05). These results suggest that cirrhotic patients have high plasma levels of ANP whether or not they have ascites. In the light of current knowledge of ANP actions, the relationships between ANP plasma levels and plasma volume, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistances are paradoxical in cirrhotic patients with ascites. ANP does not seem to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of sodium and water retention observed in these patients.
Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis in a Chinese girl
Authors: LAU J. Y. N. , LOK A. S. F. , LAI C. L. , WU P. C. , LIN H. J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA 15 year old Chinese girl presented with features of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis, confirmed by liver biopsies performed during attack and remission. Her only younger brother also has features of this syndrome. Serial biochemistry monitoring during a recent attack demonstrated that a rise in the serum bile acids preceded the clinical onset of symptoms and the rise in serum bilirubin and ductal enzymes by 8 weeks. Whether this earlier rise in serum bile acids is related to the pathogenetic mechanism of this syndrome remains to be elucidated.
Collagen synthesis by cultured rat liver cells isolated from chronically alcohol‐treated rats
Authors: TAKASE SHUJIRO , ENYAMA KEIKO , TAKADA AKIRA 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIncorporation rates of 14C‐proline into collagen hydroxyproline in cultured Ito cells and hepatocytes isolated from chronically alcohol‐treated rats were studied in order to clarify the role of Ito cells in the development of alcoholic liver fibrosis pathogenesis. In the cultured Ito cells isolated from alcohol‐treated rats, prolyl hydroxylase activity significantly increased. Total collagen synthesis tended to increase in the alcohol group, and the increase in intracellular intact collagen was statistically significant. More than half of the 14C‐radioactivity in intact collagen in cultured Ito cells from control rats was found in collagen other than types I and III collagen (mainly type IV collagen). In Ito cells from alcohol‐treated rats, synthesis of collagen other than type I and III significantly increased and type I collagen synthesis tended to be decreased. No significant difference was found in collagen synthesis between the cultured hepatocytes from alcoholic and control rats. These results suggest that chronic alcohol consumption stimulates collagen synthesis in Ito cells, especially type IV collagen. This stimulation of Ito cells may play a role in the development of alcoholic liver fibrosis.
Could activated charcoal be used to adsorb intraduodenal Methyl tert‐butyl ether spillage during its use in the dissolution of gallstones?
Authors: ILETT KENNETH F. , LAURENCE BERNARD H. , HACKETT L. PETER 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMethyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) is becoming more frequently used in the non‐surgical removal of cholesterol gallstones. However, during its introduction into the biliary tract, some spillage can occur and subsequent systemic absorption has been reported to lead to a variety of side effects. We have carried out in vitro experiments to assess the ability of activated charcoal to adsorb MTBE. A 10% aqueous suspension of activated charcoal was mixed with MTBE and its adsorption was estimated subsequently by gas chromatography. Adsorption varied from 38% at an activated charcoal: MTBE ratio of 1:1, to 96% at a ratio of 8:1. Only 3.2% of the adsorbed MTBE could be desorbed by resuspending the sedimented activated charcoal: MTBE complex in an equivalent volume of fresh distilled water. The results indicate that a single dose of activated charcoal (> 12 g) may be effective in minimizing systemic absorption of MTBE spilt during gallstone dissolution.
Carboxyl terminal glycine extended progastrin (gastrin‐G) in gastric antral mucosa of patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer and in gastrinomas
Authors: AZUMA TAKESHI , MAGAMI YASUSHI , HABU YASUKI , KAWAI KEIICHI , TAGGART R. THOMAS , WALSH JOHN H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRecently, carboxyl terminal glycine extended progastrin (gastrin‐G), the immediate biosynthetic precursor of amidated gastrin, was found in human gastric antral mucosa. To investigate the nature of gastrin amidation in pathophysiological conditions, we examined gastrin and gastrin‐G levels and their molecular forms in gastric antral mucosa of healthy controls and patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer and in gastrinomas. There were no significant differences between controls and gastric or duodenal ulcer patients in antral gastrin and gastrin‐G levels, the ratio of gastrin‐G to gastrin and the pattern of their molecular forms. In contrast, gastrin and gastrin‐G levels and the ratio of gastrin‐G to gastrin in gastrinomas were much higher than those in antral mucosa of controls or ulcer patients. The predominant molecular form of gastrin‐G was different between two Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome (ZES) cases. These results suggest that there are no significant differences between healthy controls and patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer in the nature of gastrin amidation, and that the nature of gastrin amination in gastrinomas is different from that in normal gastrointestinal tissues.
A controlled study of glypressin versus vasopressin in the control of bleeding from oesophageal varices
Authors: CHIU KING‐WAH , SHEEN I‐SHYAN , LIAW YUN‐FAN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of glypressin (triglycyl‐lysine‐vasopressin, C52H74N16O15S2.2C2H4O2.5H2O) in the treatment of oesophageal variceal bleeding, a randomized controlled trial of glypressin and vasopressin was conducted in 54 cirrhotic patients with oesophageal varices bleeding. Bleeding ceased within 24 h in 50% (13/26) of patients treated with glypressin and in 53.6% (15/28) of patients given vasopressin. Re‐bleeding within 7 days occurred in 30.8% (4/13) of the glypressin group and in 20.0% (3/15) of the vasopressin group. There was no statistically significant difference in the therapeutic effect between glypressin and vasopressin. In the glypressin group, bleeding was more easily stopped in non‐hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cirrhotic patients of Pugh's criteria A or B than in patients of Pugh's criterion C or HCC. We conclude that glypressin and vasopressin have similar therapeutic effect. In considering the application convenience, glypressin is an alternative to vasopressin in the treatment of bleeding varices in patients of good liver function reserve.
Characterization of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis: A comparison with cirrhotics and healthy controls
Authors: NAYYAR A. K. , SHARMA B. K. , SARIN S. K. , MALHOTRA P. , BROOR S. L. , SACHDEV G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNon‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF) is a common cause of portal hypertension in India. Its aetiopathogenesis is not well understood. To investigate the possibility of an immune mediated injury, phenotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied in 15 NCPF patients and were compared with an equal number of compensated cirrhotics and matched healthy controls. The population of total peripheral T lymphocytes (T1) and suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (T8) was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in NCPF patients compared with controls. The sub‐populations of helper/inducer lymphocytes (T4) and total B lymphocytes, however, were comparable with controls. The ratio of T4 to T8 lymphocytes was significantly (P < 0.01) increased in NCPF patients in comparison with controls. Similar changes in the lymphocyte population were also observed in cirrhotic patients. Further investigations are required to identify whether the cellular alterations seen in NCPF have a pathogenetic basis or are secondary to the disease process itself.
Portal circulation in monkeys and humans studied after ingestion of a capsule containing a radionuclide
Authors: SHIOMI SUSUMU , KUROKI TETSUO , UEDA TADASHI , NISHIGUCHI SHUHEI , NAKAJIMA SHINYA , KOBAYASHI KENZO , KURAI OSAMU , IKEOKA NAOKO , MONNA TAKEYUKI , OCHI HIRONOBU 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCapsules (8 times 30 mm) of technetium‐99m pertechnetate were designed for measurement of portal blood flow. Most of the radionuclide entered the superior mesenteric vein. The capsule was taken orally and monitored with a collimator for scintigraphy until it reached the small intestine, when a magnetic field completed an electrical circuit in a sensor, burning a thread, releasing a spring, and discharging the preparation.A study in crab‐eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) showed that the radionuclide in the small intestine circulated through the superior mesenteric vein to the portal vein and liver. Portal scintigraphy through the small intestine could be analysed in the same way as per‐rectal portal scintigraphy, in which blood flow mostly from the inferior mesenteric vein is evaluated.A study of four volunteers showed that, after the radionuclide was released, it circulated through the superior mesenteric vein to the portal vein and liver. Use of a capsule enclosing a radioisotope was possible, and the procedure seemed to be safe.The use of the per‐small intestine method plus the per‐rectal method should give more accurate results than either method used alone, because the haemodynamics of both the superior and inferior mesenteric vein would be reflected.