bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlations between unsatisfactory colposcopy, cytology, and biopsy in patients with cervical abnormalities
Authors: LAMBERT B. , LEPAGE Y. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground. The main purpose of this study is to review the clinical features of negative loop electrosurgical procedure (LEEP)‐cones, in order to lower their rate. Methods. Some 162 patients with LEEP‐cones were reviewed. Control cytology, satisfactory‐unsatisfactory colposcopy, biopsies and endocervical curettage (ECC) were compared to the presence or absence of cone pathology. Statistical analysis, t‐tests and Pearson χ2 tests were performed, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results. Negative cones are associated with unsatisfactory colposcopy in 47/60 cases (78.3%) compared to 13/60 (21.8%) for satisfactory colposcopy (p = 0.011). Unsatisfactory colposcopy is associated with a negative ECC in 53/74 (71.6%) cases, compared to 21/74 (28.4%) for satisfactory colposcopy (p = 0.024). Finally, negative ECC are associated with negative cones in 32/41 (78%) compared to 9/41 (22%) for positive ECC (p = 0.002). Conclusions. Low grade cytology, CIN1 biopsies and ECC should be followed for at least 1 year. This results in a lowering of cone negativity from 60/162 (37%) to 32/162 (19.8%).
Does childbirth after fertility treatment influence sense of coherence? A longitudinal study of 1,934 men and women
Authors: HABROE MARIA , SCHMIDT LONE , EVALD HOLSTEIN BJØRN 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground. Infertility is a severe, stressful experience. Sense of coherence (SOC) is an individual attribute which reflects the ability to resist severe strain. According to Antonovsky, SOC is stable throughout adulthood, but there is little empirical evidence to support this. In a prospective study, we focused on 2 research questions: (i) Does childbirth after assisted reproductive technology (ART) result in high SOC? (ii) Does the level of SOC at baseline influence the association between childbirth after ART and SOC at 1‐year follow‐up? Methods. The study included a consecutive sample of patients in ART from a prospective, longitudinal survey in Denmark; baseline response rate 80.0%, 1‐year follow‐up 87.7% (n = 1,934). The dependent variable was SOC at 1‐year follow‐up measured by Setterlind's 9‐item scale. The independent variable was having achieved childbirth after ART. Data were analysed by logistic regression analysis adjusted for baseline SOC. Results. Having achieved childbirth after ART was associated with higher SOC at 1‐year follow‐up (women OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.20–2.74; men OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.88–1.86). Unexpectedly, the association between achieving childbirth after ART and high SOC at 1‐year follow‐up was significant among women who had low SOC at baseline. There was no association among participants with high SOC at baseline. Conclusions. The study indicated that SOC is not necessarily stable throughout adulthood, since a successful outcome of ART among women was associated with a significant increase in SOC.
Postmenopausal endometriosis
Authors: OXHOLM DORTHE , KNUDSEN ULLA BRETH , KRYGER‐BAGGESEN NIELS , RAVN PERNILLE 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground. Postmenopausal endometriosis is rare. The purpose of this presentation is to give a review of the topic based on existing literature. Methods. A Medline search concerning postmenopausal endometriosis was carried out. Hormone therapy and risk of malignancy in these patients are discussed. Results. Some 32 case reports on postmenopausal endometriosis were found. The most common location is in the ovaries. Estrogens stimulate endometriosis. There is a risk of recurrence or de novo occurrence of endometriosis after the menopause in patients who take hormone therapy (HT); especially estrogen only therapy (ET). So far, treatment has primarily been surgery (hysterectomy (TAH) and bilateral oophorectomy (BSO)). There is little experience with medical treatment (aromatase inhibitors). The risk of malignant transformation of premenopausal endometriosis is around 1%. Furthermore, patients with endometriosis have an increased risk of ovarian cancer, and, apparently, other malignancies. The risk of malignant transformation appears to be further elevated in patients who take ET, although this subject is not fully elucidated. Conclusions. Although the condition is rare, it is important to be aware of endometriosis after the menopause. Postmenopausal endometriosis infers a risk of recurrence and malignant transformation. Although solid evidence is lacking, the risk of malignant transformation appears to be lower during combined HT compared to ET. Thus, hormone replacement therapy should generally be reserved for patients with severe climacteric complaints, and if indicated, combined therapy should be used.
Reliability of an automatic ultrasound system for detecting postpartum urinary retention after vaginal birth
Authors: LUKASSE MIRJAM , RENÉ CEDERKVIST HENRIK , ARNE ROSSELAND LEIV 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground. Urinary retention is a common postpartum condition which may lead to short‐ and long‐term complications. Objective. To assess the reliability of a commercially available automatic bladder volume scanner in the puerperium, and to specifically identify women with a post‐void residual volume of 400ml or more. Methods. A prospective comparison of ultrasound estimated bladder volume and urine volume measurement after catheterisation in 100 women at risk for postpartum urinary retention (PUR) after vaginal delivery. Results. The mean difference between the ultrasound estimates and the catheter volume measurements was 26ml, with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (2.6, 49.4ml). The sensitivity and specificity for the scanner, using the clinically desired value of a 400‐ml threshold, are 0.76 and 0.96, respectively. With a perfect classification for sensitivity at a 300‐ml threshold, specificity may drop to about 50%. Even using this cut‐off point, the number of women catheterised would be reduced by half compared to a procedure of catheterising all women at risk for postpartum urine retention diagnosed by clinical judgment alone. Conclusion. The ultrasound scanner is a reliable screening instrument for detecting PUR after vaginal birth.
Longitudinal study of Doppler flow resistance indices of the uterine arteries after normal vaginal delivery
Authors: MULIC‐LUTVICA AJLANA , EURENIUS KARIN , AXELSSON OVE 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectives. To measure Doppler flow resistance indices in the uterine arteries, and to observe when the early diastolic notches appear during the normal puerperium. Methods. Some 45 women took part in this prospective longitudinal study after normal, vaginal delivery. Ultrasound examinations were scheduled for days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 postpartum. A transabdominal probe was used during the first two postpartum weeks, and a transvaginal probe for the later examinations. The pulsatility (PI) and resistance (RI) indices in the uterine arteries were measured, and the presence or absence of early diastolic notches was recorded. Results. Compared to day one, the resistance indices did not change markedly until day 28 postpartum. The mean PI was 1.23 at day 1, 1.22 at day 3, 1.22 at day 7, 1.33 at day 14, 1.81 at day 28, and 2.25 at day 56. The mean RI was 0.65 at day 1, 0.65 at day 3, 0.66 at day 7, 0.65 at day 14, 0.77 at day 28, and 0.84 at day 56. The presence of at least 1 uterine artery notch was found in 13.3% of the women at day 1, and in 90.6% at day 56 postpartum. Bilateral notches were recorded in 6.7% of the women at day 1, and in 84.4% at day 56 postpartum. Conclusion. Reference values of the resistance indices from uncomplicated puerperium are needed when the diagnostic efficacy of Doppler ultrasound for pathological conditions is to be tested. This study confirms that the time needed for the vascular physiology to revert from a pregnant to a non‐pregnant state appears to be longer than previously assumed.
Attitudes towards and management of single embryo transfer among Nordic IVF doctors
Authors: BERGH C. , SÖDERSTRÖM‐ANTTILA V. , SELBING A. , AITTOMAKI K. , HAZEKAMP J. , LOFT A. , NYGREN K.G. , WENNERHOLM U.B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground. The objective of this study was to investigate the attitudes towards and management of single embryo transfer (SET) among Nordic in vitro fertilisation (IVF) doctors, and to present the rate of SET and multiple pregnancies in the different countries. Methods. A questionnaire was sent to all IVF doctors in the Nordic countries (n = 198, 78.5% responded). Pregnancy rates, SET and multiple births rates were extracted from registries. Main outcome measure was attitudes and management of SET. Results. Almost all doctors thought that a twin pregnancy compared unfavourably to a singleton. A twin rate >10% was acceptable for 5% of Swedish doctors. Corresponding figures for Finnish, Danish and Norwegian doctors were 21, 35 and 35%, respectively. For a woman <36 years, performing her first cycle and with two good quality embryos, almost all doctors would recommend SET. For a woman ≥36 years in a similar situation, SET would be recommended only in Sweden and Finland. The pregnancy rate per embryo transfer (ET), the SET rate 2003, the multiple birth rate, and the estimated SET rate 2004 were 33.3, 21.5, 22.7 and 25% (Denmark), 31.3, 43.4, 14 and 51% (Finland), 40.5, 10.5, 26.5 and 16% (Iceland), 30.6, 18, 25.2 and 26% (Norway), and 35.3, 55.1, 11.8 and 71% (Sweden). Conclusions. The SET and multiple birth rates reflect the attitudes of Nordic IVF doctors to SET and multiple births well. When introducing SET, the attitude of the IVF doctor seems to be important.
The application of ‘endovaginal’ sonography during a laparoscopy‐assisted Vecchietti operation
Authors: CSERMELY TAMÁS , HALVAX LÁSZLÓ , VIZER MIKLÓS , TAMÁS PÉTER , KOVÁCS KÁLMÁN , GÕCZE PÉTER , SZABÓ ISTVÁN , SZILÁGYI ANDRÁS 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground. Many types of operations are described to create a neovagina in a patient with Mayer‐Rokitansky‐Küster‐Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, that sometimes result in injury of the surrounding organs. Many trials are detailed in the literature to avoid these complications. Our goal was to examine the benefit of ‘endovaginal’ sonography during a laparoscopy‐assisted Vecchietti operation to avoid bladder injuries. Methods. A neovagina was created in 15 women with MRKH syndrome by the method of Vecchietti assisted by laparoscopy. The method was modified with the use of ‘endovaginal’ sonography, in order to reduce bladder and rectal injuries. The vaginal ultrasound transducer, placed in front of the vaginal dimple, can guide penetration from the perineum into the peritoneal cavity. With this technique, the narrow space between the bladder and rectum can be well identified. Results. All operations were successful, without any complication, forming a well‐functioning 8–10 cm long neovagina, allowing easy introduction of two fingers in all cases, and with good quality of sexual life for the couples. Conclusion. Creation of a neovagina by any method in MRKH syndrome may sometimes result in injury of the bladder or rectum due to the narrow space between the bladder and rectum. The placement of the endovaginal ultrasound transducer in front of the vaginal dimple seems to be a promising method to avoid these complications during a laparoscopy‐assisted Vecchietti operation.
Diabetes and urinary incontinence – prevalence data from Norway
Authors: EBBESEN MARIT HELEN , HANNESTAD YNGVILD S. , MIDTHJELL KRISTIAN , HUNSKAAR STEINAR 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground. Few large epidemiological studies have investigated whether diabetes might increase the risk for, or cause greater severity of, urinary incontinence. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between diabetes and urinary incontinence, including the possible influence of diabetes on the severity of incontinence. Methods. The study was a cross‐sectional, population‐based, study from the county of Nord‐Trøndelag, Norway, from 1995 to 1997. Data were collected by means of questionnaires, simple clinical measurements, and some blood tests. A total of 21,057 women, 20 years or older, answered the questions on both diabetes and incontinence, and 685 women were identified with diabetes. Results. The prevalence of incontinence among women with diabetes was 39% compared to 26% in women without diabetes. The women with diabetes had more urge and mixed incontinence. The associations between diabetes and urge incontinence (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.03–2.16), mixed incontinence (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.05–1.67), and severe incontinence (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.21–1.96) were still significant after adjusting for age, body mass index, parity and smoking. Conclusion. We found a strong association between diabetes and urinary incontinence, especially for urge incontinence and severe degree of incontinence.
Surgical repair of posterior compartment prolapse: preliminary results of a novel transvaginal procedure using a four‐armed polypropylene mesh with infracoccygeal and pararectal suspension
Authors: GABRIEL BORIS , FARTHMANN JULIANE , BRINTRUP BERNHARD , FÜNFGELD CHRISTIAN , JEZEK PETER , KRAUS ALFONS , LENZ FLORIAN , KUMBIER EBERHARD , NIESEL ACHIM , STICKELER ELMAR , WATERMANN DIRK 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground. Anatomical defects of the posterior vaginal compartment are a common reason for pelvic floor reconstructive surgery. The implantation of a four‐armed monofilamentous polypropylene mesh with infracoccygeal and pararectal suspension is a recently introduced innovative technique, which is believed to reduce the risk of mesh retraction and prolapse recurrences, and additionally, allows a tension‐free adjustment of the mesh. Methods. In this preliminary case series, we aimed to evaluate feasibility, intraoperative complications and short‐term follow‐up results of this novel surgical procedure in a multicentre approach. Seventy‐three patients undergoing surgery for posterior vaginal compartment prolapse were enrolled. The mean follow‐up time was 3.8 months (range: 2–6 months), and follow‐up information was available in 60/73 (82.2%) women. Results. Intraoperative complications were observed in 4.2% of cases, 2 patients with blood loss >500 ml, and one bladder injury occurring during concomitant anterior compartment surgery. Importantly, there were no intraoperative complications directly related to the implantation technique (e.g. rectum perforations), and no prolapse recurrences at follow‐up examinations 3–6 months postoperatively. Our short‐term mesh erosion rate was 3.1%. Conclusions. We conclude that this innovative procedure is a feasible and safe technique for the treatment of posterior vaginal compartment prolapse. Further prospective and multicentre trials are warranted.
Immune Complexes Mediate Rapid Alterations in Microvascular Permeability: Roles for Neutrophils, Complement, and Platelets
Authors: LISTER KARYN J. , JAMES WILL G. , HICKEY MICHAEL J. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTObjective: Immune complex–induced responses involve multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. However, how these pathways interact in the initiation of immune complex–induced response is poorly understood. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the immediate response of the microvasculature to immune complex formation.Methods: The reverse passive Arthus (RPA) model was applied to the mouse cremaster muscle. Intravital microscopy was used to examine alterations in florescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐dextran leakage from microvessels, and endothelial interactions of leukocytes and platelets in postcapillary venules.Results: Immune complex deposition induced rapid increases in microvascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion and emigration. Inhibition of platelet‐activating factor (PAF) and leukotrienes inhibited the increase in permeability. Depletion of C3 reduced immune complex–mediated leukocyte recruitment and permeability, and a similar effect on permeability was observed following inhibition of leukocyte adhesion. Mast cell stabilization reduced increases in leukocyte adhesion and emigration but accelerated the increase in microvascular permeability. Platelet‐endothelial interactions also increased during the RPA response, and platelet depletion delayed the changes in permeability and inhibited leukocyte recruitment.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that immune complexes induce a rapid induction of complement‐dependent leukocyte recruitment, and neutrophil‐dependent microvascular dysfunction. Furthermore, this study identifies a role for platelets in promoting immune complex‐induced leukocyte recruitment.
The Evolving Paradigm for Blood Cell‐Endothelial Cell Interactions in the Cerebral Microcirculation
Authors: GAVINS FELICITY , YILMAZ GOKHAN , GRANGER D. NEIL 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTInflammation and microvascular dysfunction have been implicated in a variety of pathologic conditions affecting the brain. Features of the inflammatory response that are common to many of these pathological conditions and that are manifested in the neurovasculature include oxidative stress, diminished endothelial barrier function (increased vascular permeability), increased expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, and the recruitment of rolling and adherent leukocytes and platelets. The evidence implicating leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion in cerebral microvessels as a rate‐determining component of the pathophysiology associated with conditions such as ischemia‐reperfusion, sickle cell disease, and γ ‐irradiation is summarized. Mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the recruitment of adherent leukocytes and platelets in the diseased/injured cerebral microvasculature are also addressed, and a common paradigm for blood cell recruitment induced by seemingly unrelated pathological conditions is outlined. Although there are many structural and functional characteristics of the cerebral microvasculature that distinguish it from other regional vascular beds, the processes that underlie the recruitment of injury‐causing inflammatory cells in the brain appear to closely resemble those described for other tissues.
Remote Microvascular Preconditioning Alters Specific Vasoactive Responses
Authors: FRAME MARY D. , MABANTA LAUREN 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTObjective: The mechanism by which remote microvascular preconditioning (RMP) response is initiated was recently reported (Am J Physiol 290:H264, 2006). The goal of this study was to further characterize RMP and to investigate the extent to which RMP altered local vasoactive responses.Methods: Arteriolar networks were examined in the cheek pouch of anesthetized (pentobarbital, 70 mg/kg) hamsters (n = 143). RMP was initiated with nitroprusside (SNP) or adenosine (ADO) via micropipette to a downstream arteriole or via tissue bath. Upstream (∼ 800 μ m), at the entrance to the network, local vasoactive responses were obtained with local micropipette application.Results: The RMP response requires 10 to 15 min to manifest, and cycles down with > 5 upstream challenges (local exposures). Without challenge, the response does not cycle down over 8 h. RMP results in enhanced dilation to SNP and attenuated dilation to ADO. SNP can initiate RMP with micropipette exposure to the local downstream arteriolar segment. ADO only initiates RMP with tissue bath exposure, but at low concentrations (10−8 M). RMP causes a shift in phosphodiesterase (PDE) maintenance of tone, as seen by using PDE inhibitors. This involves a shift from PDE4 to PDE3, and does not appear to affect PDE1 or PDE5.Conclusions: These findings are consistent with RMP inducing a fundamental shift from cAMP and towards cGMP maintenance of dilatory tone.
Bioassay Chamber for Angiogenesis with Perfused Explanted Arteries and Electrospun Scaffolding
Authors: RUBENSTEIN DAVID , HAN DONG , GOLDGRABEN SARA , EL‐GENDI HEBAH , GOUMA PELAGIA‐IRENE , FRAME MARY D. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that explanted perfused arteries can serve as the initial endothelial cell culture source to evaluate the onset of angiogenesis in a cellulose acetate electrospun scaffold.Methods: Electrospun scaffolds with fiber diameters roughly controlled in three broad ranges: 0.01 to 0.2, 0.2 to 1, and 1 to 5 μ m (Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 2:37–41, 2006), were used in cell culture to determine which provides the best culture topology. This scaffold was then tested in a bioassay chamber whose cellular source was an explanted abdominal aorta from donated euthanized mice. Scaffolds were draped over a cannulated vessel perfused for 24 h. Cell viability, density, and morphology were quantified.Results: The largest fiber diameter group provided the best culture topology for human umbilical vein endothelial cells, showing high cell viability and density, and enhanced elongated cell morphology. Addition of single‐walled carbon nanotubes decreased cell density significantly but chitosan heightened cell density and promoted spontaneous capillary tube like structure. Viability of endothelial cells increased with higher flow in the bioassay chamber.Conclusions: Endothelial cells showed a growth preference towards larger diameter fibers. Addition of chitosan improved culture conditions. Thus, this study provides a proof of principle for the possibility of co‐culturing tissue engineered vascular networks from a perfused explant.
Ascorbate Inhibits Reduced Arteriolar Conducted Vasoconstriction in Septic Mouse Cremaster Muscle
Authors: MCKINNON REBECCA L. , LIDINGTON DARCY , TYML KAREL 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTObjective: The mechanism of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)‐dependent reduction in arteriolar conducted vasoconstriction in sepsis, and the possible protection by antioxidants, are unknown. The authors hypothesized that ascorbate inhibits the conduction deficit by reducing nNOS‐derived NO production.Methods: Using intravital microscopy and the cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) model of sepsis (24 h), arterioles in the cremaster muscle of male C57BL/6 wild‐type mice were locally stimulated with KCl to initiate conducted vasoconstriction. The authors used the ratio of conducted constriction (500 μ m upstream) to local constriction as an index of conduction (CR500). Cremaster muscle NOS enzymatic activity and protein expression, and plasma nitrite/nitrate levels were determined in control and septic mice. Intravenous ascorbate bolus (200 mg/kg in 0.1 ml of saline) was given early (0 h) or delayed at 23 h post CLP.Results: Sepsis reduced CR500 from 0.73 ± 0.03 to 0.21 ± 0.03, increased nNOS activity from 87 ± 9 to 220 ± 29 pmol/mg/h and nitrite/nitrate from 16 ± 1 to 39 ± 3 μ M, without affecting nNOS protein expression. Ascorbate at 0 and 23 h prevented/reversed the conduction deficit and the increases in nNOS activity and nitrite/nitrate level. NO donor SNAP (S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine) reestablished the conduction deficit in ascorbate‐treated septic mice. Superoxide scavenger MnTBAP (Mn(III)tetrakis(4‐benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride) did not affect this deficit. Conclusion: These data indicate that early and delayed intravenous boluses of ascorbate prevent/reverse sepsis‐induced deficit in arteriolar conducted vasoconstriction in the cremaster muscle by inhibiting nNOS‐derived NO production.