bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging correlated with the histopathological effect of Pd‐bacteriopheophorbide (Tookad) photodynamic therapy on the normal canine prostate gland
Authors: Huang Zheng , Haider Masoom A. , Kraft Susan , Chen Qun , Blanc Dominique , Wilson Brian C. , Hetzel Fred W. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo determine the optimal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methodology to assess photodynamic therapy (PDT)‐induced histopathological responses in the prostate.Study Design/Materials and MethodsLaparotomy was performed in five healthy dogs. Cylindrical diffuser was placed in the prostates to deliver light of 50–300 J/cm at 150 mW/cm and 763 nm to activate IV‐injected Tookad (1 mg/kg b.w.). Fast spin echo (FSE) T2‐weighted, post‐contrast‐enhanced T1‐(CE‐T1) and diffusion weighted images (DWI) were obtained pre‐ and 2 days, 7 days, and 1 month post‐PDT. Radiological‐histopathological correlation was performed at 7 days (n = 4) and 1 month (n= 1) after PDT. A qualitative assessment of signal changes and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping was performed.ResultsAt 2 or 7 days post‐PDT, there was good spatial correlation between PDT‐induced hemorrhagic necrosis and unenhanced regions on CE‐T1 images. There was a rapidly and persistently enhancing rim corresponding to edema and inflammation. FSE T2 and DWI showed altered signal but did not clearly define necrosis in all cases. At 1 month, it was hard to correlate MR images to histopathologic changes as they represented a mixture of necrosis and developing fibrosis, which led to a mixed signal intensity and less demarcated contrast enhancement.ConclusionsAt 7 days after PDT, gadolinium DTPA contrast‐enhanced MRI is superior to DWI and T2 imaging in assessing the boundary of Tookad PDT‐induced tissue necrosis in the normal canine prostate. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incoherent optical correlator for packet header recognition
Authors: Aljada Muhsen , Zheng Rong , Alameh Kamal E. , Al‐Begain Khalid 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe propose an incoherent optical correlator for header recognition in optical packet switched networks, employing arrays of fiber Bragg gratings with different Bragg wavelengths and different reflectivity profiles. The proof of principle is experimentally demonstrated by recognizing a 4‐bit pattern at 2.2 Gb/s. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1725–1728, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21746
Hadamard speckle reduction for millimeter wave imaging
Authors: Jaeger Irina , Stiens Johan , Koers Gaetan , Poesen Gert , Vounckx Roger 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMillimeter wave imaging technology makes possible imaging of phenomena, which are inaccessible to visible light, but suffer from speckles, produced by coherent sources. We report a 50% speckle reduction, measured with a free‐space vector network analyzer over the full W‐band. Our experiments demonstrate how Hadamard mask operates as a tunable filter. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1722–1725, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21747
A novel broad‐band microstrip radial stub resonator used in bias‐T application
Authors: Dehbashi Reza , Oskouei Hamidreza Dalili , Forooraghi Keyvan 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA new reduced‐size broad‐band resonator is introduced. Two pairs of inclined‐radial butterfly stubs are connected at vertex of each other to form the resonator. The size of this band‐stop resonator is about 50% of a conventional two‐stub resonator. The scattering parameters are also improved, comparing to ordinary band‐stop resonators. The improvements of S11 (<20 dB), S12 (<3 dB), and S13 (<40 dB) are 73.68, 16.67, and 55.55%, respectively. The theoretical results are in good agreement with measurements. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1766–1770, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21748
Performance degradation of some on‐chip finite‐ground coplanar waveguide (FGCPW)‐built passive devices at high temperature
Authors: Yin Wen‐Yan , Mao Jun‐Fa , Shi Jing‐Lin , Sun Xiao‐Wei 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAt different temperatures, the performance degradation of on‐chip finite‐ground coplanar waveguides (FGCPWs) and FGCPW‐built meander‐line inductors are investigated in this article. These passive devices were all fabricated on a double‐layer polyimide and GaAs substrates and often used in monolithic microwave integrated circuits. It is shown that the increase in temperature causes the increase in series resistance or conductive loss of the metallization planes, and the temperature coefficient of series resistance depends on both frequency and metallization thickness. At given metal plane thickness and operating frequency, the conductive attenuation constant increases linearly with increasing temperature. Because of the increase in conductive loss, the maximum of Q‐factor of each meander‐line inductor decreases linearly with increasing temperature. While the temperature effect on the parasitic coupling between two parallel FGCPW stubs or between two neighboring inductors can be neglected, even the temperature reaches 438 K. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1754–1759, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21751
Effects of manufacturing artifacts on infrared filter performance
Authors: Qiang Rui , Chen Ji , Zhao Tianxiao , Han Keping , Ruiz Ariel , Ruchhoeft Paul , Morgan Mark 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe effect of manufacturing artifacts on the performance of infrared frequency selective surfaces (FSS) is investigated in this article. For cross‐slot structures, these artifacts include slot length variation, slot width variation, the variation of spacing among elements, structural center broadening, and slot edge rounding. Quantitative measures of these effects on FSS transmission spectrum are obtained via a three‐dimensional (3D) periodic finite‐difference time‐domain method. The study shows that peak transmission intensity, resonant wavelength, and half‐max bandwidth of the transmission spectrum can be significantly affected by these manufacturing artifacts. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1749–1754, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21752
Broadband shorted patch antenna with monopole‐like radiation patterns
Authors: Liou Yen‐Yu , Row Jeen‐Sheen , Han Tuan‐Yung 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe design of a shorted square patch antenna with broadband operation is presented. By placing an additional shorting wall at the edge of a planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) with a U‐shaped slot, the antenna can provide stable monopole‐like conical radiation patterns within the operating bandwidth. An antenna prototype designed for IEEE 802.11a band is completed and tested. The measured results show the 10 dB impedance bandwidth of more than 30% can be obtained while the side length of the square patch is about 0.3 free‐space wavelengths and the antenna height is less than 0.08 free‐space wavelengths. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1704–1707, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21753
Novel via‐less double‐sided parallel strip line to coplanar waveguide transition
Authors: Chen Jian‐Xin , Li Jia‐Lin , Xue Quan 
Published: June 2006

AbstractNew design of double‐sided parallel strip line to coplanar waveguide transition is proposed in this article. The via‐less structure gives convenience to the design and implement of the transition. A demonstration back‐to‐back transition circuit is designed and fabricated. Simulated and measured results are presented and show good agreement. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1717–1718, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21755
The sandwich structure with fractal patterns for microstrip lines
Authors: Wang Sheng , Li Lin , Chen Dong , Xu Peng G. , Zhao Xing‐Zhong 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA sandwich structure with fractal pattern for microstrip line is proposed, in which a fractal pattern consisting of “H” is etched in the plane between the microstrip line and the ground plane of microstrip line. The transmission characteristics of that sandwich structure appear to have the multiple gaps and pass bands of electromagnetic waves is from 40 MHz to 10 GHz, and in particular the use of the fractal patterns array is increasing the gaps property of the gaps and pass bands. In this article, the transmission characteristics of one microstrip line with the sandwich structure normalized by 50 Ω are directly calculated by the finite different time domain (FDTD) method. Experimental observations are in good agreement with the result of FDTD simulations. Microstrip transmission lines incorporating a sandwich structure with fractal patterns exhibit band‐stops and slow‐wave characteristics, which can be exploited to reject unwanted frequency and to reduce the dimensions of the microstrip structure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1714–1717, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21756
An optimum photonic system drives a phased array antenna
Authors: Koumasis A. , Kostarakis P. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn this article, a new true‐time‐delay photonic system is presented that drives a phased array antenna for beam steering and beamforming. It is optimized to use the least possible number of components and utilizes a very simple operation. It is tolerable in small differences of the excitation phase and distance between the elements of the phased array antenna. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1712–1714, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21757
The application of iterative solvers in discrete dipole approximation method for computing electromagnetic scattering
Authors: Fan Z. H. , Wang D. X. , Chen R. S. , Yung Edward K. N. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSeveral Krylov subspace iterative algorithms are compared as the solvers for the discrete dipole approximation method to analyze the electromagnetic scattering problem. Fast Fourier transform technique is exploited to accelerate the computation of matrix‐vector product. Numerical examples for homogeneous spheres indicate that the results of radar cross section agree well with the exact solutions. Some misleading concepts in literatures are clarified. We give a new comparison of the computational complexities of these methods. Faster solvers are recommended according to the size of scatterer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1741–1746, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21760
Design and double negative property verification of C band left‐handed metamaterial
Authors: Meng Fan‐Yi , Wu Qun , Jin Bo‐Shi , Wang Hai‐Long , Wu Jian 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn this article, a left‐handed (LH) metamaterial with miniaturized unit cell and broad bandwidth is designed. Its relative bandwidth is 56.4%, and the unit cell electrical size is 0.067 at the central frequency where the LH metamaterial is available. The effective permittivity and effective permeability are extracted from the transmission and reflection data at normal incidence for the LH metamaterial proposed here. The double negative (DNG) property is shown by the simultaneously negative effective permittivity and effective permeability and is confirmed by the equivalent circuit. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1732–1736, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21763
Compact sharp cutoff wide stopband low‐pass filter using defected ground structure and spurline
Authors: Dwari Santanu , Sanyal Subrata 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA novel compact microstrip low‐pass filter is proposed using defected ground structure and spurline. The measured passband to stopband attenuation slope is more than 73 dB/GHz. Electrical length of the filter is less than 20% of the guided wavelength at 3 dB cutoff frequency. Measured stopband attenuation is greater than 20 dB over more than 17.5 GHz band. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1871–1873, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21765
Ultra wide‐band bow‐tie slot antenna fed by a CPW‐to‐CPW transition loaded with inductively coupled slots
Authors: Angelopoulos Evangelos S. , Anastopoulos Argyris Z. , Kaklamani Dimitra I. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis letter presents novel modified coplanar waveguide (CPW) bow‐tie slot printed antennas fed by a CPW‐to‐CPW transition. The proposed modules are miniature shaped, low‐profile radiators with bidirectional radiation characteristics, which can be optimally integrated in future ultra wide band transceivers. An innovative asymmetric bow‐tie configuration is introduced for the first time and the use of inductively coupled slots for bandwidth enhancement is additionally proposed and experimentally studied. The incorporated tapered CPW‐to‐CPW transition from Zin ≠ 50 Ω to Zin = 50 Ω offers upgraded impedance bandwidth and compatibility with 50 Ω CPW or coaxial lines. Details of the design procedure and experimental results exhibiting a bandwidth (VSWR <2) of 123% are presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1816–1820, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21768
Dual‐frequency F‐shaped shorted patch antenna
Authors: Lal J. , Kan H. K. , Rowe W. S. T. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis article presents a compact shorted patch antenna. The antenna is based on an F‐shaped printed conductor coaxially fed with an electromagnetically coupled shorted inverted F‐shaped antenna interleaved with each other. The overall antenna is then coupled with a rectangular ring. The antenna has dual characteristic features and its resonance frequency is at 1.85 and 2.42 GHz. The measured return loss bandwidth and its far field radiation patterns are presented. The gain of the antenna is 1.6 dBi. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1811–1812, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21770
Frequency agile microstrip antenna symmetrically loaded with tunnel diodes
Authors: Gautam A. K. , Vishvakarma B. R. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA new technique for designing the frequency agile microstrip antenna is presented. The frequency agility is achieved by symmetrical loading of two identical tunnel diodes in which the operating frequency of the rectangular microstrip antenna is electronically controlled by the bias voltage of tunnel diodes. Theoretical modal for an antenna is developed using modal cavity model and result are also simulated with MOM‐based simulator. The tuning range is found to be 55.92 MHz (6.67%), which is much better than earlier reported data. Antenna shows consistant return loss and radiation pattern for entire tunable frequency range. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1807–1810, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21771
Interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensor based on Er‐doped fiber laser
Authors: Guo Wengang , Lu Fuyun , Luo Shaojun , Yang Xiufeng , Zhou Xiaoqun , Lu Chao 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA novel interrogation of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in a strain sensor, which is based on Er‐doped fiber laser's transient regime, is reported. The applied strain on FBG changes the laser cavity loss, which in turn modifies the laser's transient regime. The strain value can be obtained by measuring the build‐up time of the laser. This method translates wavelength shift information into time domain that can be accurately measured with low‐cost electronic devices. In the experiment, the strain sensitivity can be adjusted by simply controlling the pumping level of the laser, a sensitivity of 1.66 με/μs is achieved under fitful pumping level. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48:1904–1904, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com(. DOI 10.1002/mop.21773
Influences of photodarkening in highly doping ytterbium‐doped fiber on performance of fiber laser
Authors: Mao Qinghe , Zhu Zongjiu , Liu Wenqing , Lit John W. Y. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe influences of photodarkening in highly doping ytterbium‐doped fibers (YDFs) on the performance of fiber lasers were investigated in this study. The experimental results show that the threshold and the output power of the laser, respectively, increases and decreases over the pumping time, leading to the deterioration for the conversion efficiency of the laser. The deterioration is caused by the photodarkening of the YDF, which gives rise to additional loss for the YDF. This additional loss increases monotonically and irreversibly with the pump time. However, as the pumping time increases, the irreversible deteriorating process may be gradually fulfilled. The time needed for fulfilling this process depends on the length of the YDF and the pump used. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1902–1904, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com(. DOI 10.1002/mop.21774
A novel oscillator utilizing a corrugated CPW EBG structure with reduced phase noise and improved harmonic characteristics
Authors: Hwang Cheol Gyu , Myung Noh Hoon 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis article presents a new microwave oscillator incorporating a corrugated coplanar waveguide (CCPW) electromagnetic bandgap structure as its terminating resonance component. The fully planar CCPW oscillator, oscillating at a frequency of 5.41 GHz, showed a phase noise reduction of 8 dB at 1 MHz offset and an increased second harmonic suppression of 10.16 dB and results in DC‐AC power efficiency enhancement of 7.2% when compared to those of a conventional CPW oscillator without the CCPW structure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1843–1846, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21780
Dynamic fluctuations in a gain‐clamped EDFA chain in packet switched wdm optical transmissions
Authors: Thomas D. H. , von der Weid J. P. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTraffic load conditions can excite relaxation oscillations in a chain of gain‐clamped erbium‐doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) in packet switched WDM optical networks. Crosstalk interaction depends on the delay between packets and cumulates along the amplifier chain, resulting in great power variations between packets, impairing system performance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48:1894–1897, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21781
Spectral shaping of acousto‐optic tunable filter: A method to tune the bandwidth, wavelength, and attenuation
Authors: Veeriah S. , Faidz A. R. , Mishra V. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn this article, we presented a method, which will allow multiple parameter control of the 3‐dB bandwidth, centre‐notch wavelength, and attenuation level in a fiber‐based acousto‐optic tunable filter. The method basically involves the variation of the interaction length, RF frequency, and RF power on a single fiber device, to achieve multiple parameter tuning of the optical filter. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1781–1785, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21783
A novel power divider utilizing composite right/left‐handed transmission line
Authors: Li JiuSheng , Zou YongZhuo , He SaiLing 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA novel composite right/left‐handed transmission line unit is proposed. Using the structure, a new power divider is developed. By adjusting the parameters of the capacitors and the inductors, the simulation results show that the power divider has perfectly symmetric power division at 1.24 GHz, return loss up to −38 dB with the transmitted power being close to −3 dB (−3.01 dB). In addition, the performances of the novel power divider are demonstrated experimentally. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1776–1779, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21785
Fiber‐optic acoustic transducer utilizing a dual‐core collimator combined with a reflective micromirror
Authors: Song Ju‐Han , Lee Sang‐Shin 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA photonic acoustic transducer utilizing a dual‐core fiber collimator and a membrane type micromirror was proposed and demonstrated. The collimator and the mirror serve as a compact optical head and a reflective diaphragm, respectively. The micromirror diaphragm is suspended by a silicon bar connected to a frame, allowing for displacement induced by acoustic waves. The optical head incorporating dual collimators integrated in a single housing provides light to and receives it from the diaphragm. It facilitates the initial adjustment of the distance between it and the diaphragm, thanks to its slowly varying beam profiles. For the proposed acoustic transducer, the static characteristics were measured to find the operation point defined as the optimum distance between the head and the diaphragm, and a frequency response with a variation of ∼±5 dB was achieved for the range of up to 3 kHz. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1833–1836, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21789
Small printed meander symmetrical and asymmetrical antenna performances, including the RF cable effect, in the 315 MHz frequency band
Authors: Rabinovich Victor , Al‐Khateeb Basim , Oakley Barbara , Alexandrov Nikolai 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAn easily manufactured, reduced size, symmetrical printed meander dipole antenna for remote keyless entry (RKE) automotive applications in the 315 MHz frequency band is proposed. The efficiency and directionality of this symmetrical antenna is estimated and compared with the efficiency and directionality of an asymmetrical antenna. Numerical and experimental results are presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1828–1833, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21790
A novel wideband microstrip‐fed elliptical slot array antenna for Ku‐band applications
Authors: Angelopoulos Evangelos S. , Anastopoulos Argyris Z. , Kaklamani Dimitra I. , Alexandridis Antonis A. , Lazarakis Fotis , Dangakis Kostas 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis study presents a broadband microstrip slot array structure with a novel feeding technique, which offers enhanced bandwidth and very low cross‐polarization levels, targeting the satellite reception application market in the Ku‐Band. The single element module and the antenna array formulations of two, four, and eight elements are examined, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. Details of the design procedure and experimental results are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1824–1828, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21791