bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Sandhofer Anton , Kaser Susanne , Ritsch Andreas , Laimer Markus , Engl Julia , Paulweber Bernhard , Patsch Josef R. , Ebenbichler Christoph F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), hypertriglyceridemia, and small dense‐low density lipoprotein (LDL) are key components of metabolic syndrome (MS). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates the transfer of triglycerides (TGs) from TG‐rich lipoproteins to HDL and LDL particles in exchange for cholesteryl esters, leading to low HDL‐C and small dense‐LDL. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CETP in subjects with MS.Research Methods and Procedures: In a cross‐sectional cohort of 234 middle‐aged men and 252 women randomly selected from the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk (SAPHIR) study, MS was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. CETP mass was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and LDL size‐by‐gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Results: Men and women with MS had lower HDL‐C (45 ± 7 vs. 58 ± 13 and 48 ± 10 vs. 71 ± 14 mg/dL for men and women, respectively; p < 0.001 for all) and higher TG levels (222 ± 71 vs. 98 ± 54 and 167 ± 67 vs. 90 ± 35 mg/dL for men and women, respectively; p < 0.001 for all) than healthy subjects. LDL size was lower in subjects with MS (256 ± 11 Å vs. 267 ± 11 Å and 262 ± 10 Å vs. 273 ± 8 Å for men and women, respectively; p < 0.001 for all). CETP mass was higher in men with MS (1.87 ± 0.78 vs. 1.40 ± 0.65 μg/mL; p < 0.001) but not in women (1.74 ± 0.79 vs. 1.62 ± 0.62 μg/mL). CETP mass correlated inversely with LDL size in both men and women (r = −0.19, p < 0.01 and r = −0.13, p < 0.05 in men and women, respectively).Discussion: MS is associated with increased CETP mass in men. Increased CETP mass may be responsible for reduced HDL‐C and reduced LDL particle diameter in MS.
Effects of Acquired Obesity on Endothelial Function in Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Bergholm Robert , Rissanen Aila , Kaprio Jaakko , Häkkinen Anna‐Maija , Sattar Naveed , Yki‐Järvinen Hannele 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine whether acquired obesity or accompanying metabolic changes such as adiponectin deficiency, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, or visceral fat are associated, independent of genetic influences, with endothelial dysfunction by studying young adult monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for obesity.Research Methods and Procedures: Nine obesity‐discordant (intra‐pair difference in BMI, 3.8 to 10.1 kg/m2) and nine concordant (0 to 2.3 kg/m2) 24‐ to 27‐year‐old MZ twin pairs were identified from a population‐based FinnTwin16‐sample. Endothelial function was measured by blood flow responses to intrabrachial infusions of an endothelium‐dependent (acetylcholine) and an endothelium‐independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilator. Whole body insulin sensitivity was measured using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique, and forearm and body composition were measured with magnetic resonance imaging and DXA. In addition, serum levels of adiponectin, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, and lipids were determined.Results: The heavier co‐twins of the discordant pairs had significantly lower whole body insulin sensitivity than the leaner co‐twins. Blood flows/muscle volume during infusions of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were not altered by obesity. However, intra‐pair differences in serum adiponectin, intra‐abdominal fat, and C‐reactive protein were significantly correlated with those in endothelial function. Only the relationship between intra‐pair differences in adiponectin and endothelial function persisted in multiple linear regression analysis. Obesity‐concordant co‐twins had comparable insulin sensitivity and endothelial function.Discussion: In young adult MZ twins discordant for obesity, acquired adiponectin deficiency rather than obesity per se is an independent correlate of endothelial dysfunction.
Does Subepithelial Hemorrhage Cause Persistence of Laryngeal Granuloma?
Authors: Yumoto Eiji , Sanuki Tetsuji , Miyamaru Satoru , Kumai Yoshihiko 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: To determine the incidence of black spots after resolution of laryngeal granuloma (LG), to compare the disease duration from the beginning of treatment to resolution between patients with and without black spots, and to assess the histologic findings of LG in resected or biopsied specimens.Study Design: Retrospective.Methods: Forty‐six patients with LG on the cartilaginous portion of the vocal fold were included. Their clinical records were reviewed. Histologic specimens were re‐examined.Results: Causes of LG were postintubation in 10 patients, unilateral vocal fold immobility in 1, Candida infection in 1, and were not specified in 34 (either hyperfunctional vocal abuse, laryngopharyngeal regurgitation, or both). Of the 10 patients with postintubation LG, 9 resolved; of the 33 patients with LG from other causes, 21 resolved. Of the 28 resolved patients, 12 developed a black spot at the previous lesion site. Of the 18 patients whose LG resolved without surgical intervention, 11 developed a black spot at the previous lesion site, and the remaining 7 patients did not develop any black spots. The treatment period until LG resolution was significantly longer among patients with a black spot than those without a spot (P = .0372). Histologic examination revealed the presence of hemosiderin accumulation accompanied by infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages in 8 of the 16 patients who had their LGs resected or biopsied.Conclusions: Accumulation of hemosiderin in the subepithelial layer, together with little blood flow and dense connective tissue in the cartilaginous portion of the vocal fold, are important factors contributing to the persistence of LG.
Gene Transfer in Human Vestibular Epithelia and the Prospects for Inner Ear Gene Therapy
Authors: Kesser Bradley W. , Hashisaki George T. , Holt Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTransfer of exogenous genetic material into the mammalian inner ear using viral vectors has been characterized over the last decade. A number of different viral vectors have been shown to transfect the varying cell types of the nonprimate mammalian inner ear. Several routes of delivery have been identified for introduction of vectors into the inner ear while minimizing injury to existing structures and at the same time ensuring widespread distribution of the agent throughout the cochlea and the rest of the inner ear.These studies raise the possibility that gene transfer may be developed as a potential strategy for treating inner ear dysfunction in humans. Furthermore, a recent report showing successful transfection of excised human vestibular epithelia offers proof of principle that viralgene transfer is a viable strategy for introduction andexpression of exogenous genetic material to restore function to the inner ear. Human vestibular epithelia were harvested from patients undergoing labyrinthectomy, either for intractable Ménière's disease or vestibular schwannoma resection, and cultured for as long as 5 days. In those experiments, recombinant, multiply‐deleted, replication‐deficient adenoviral vectors were used to transfect and express a reporter gene as well as the functionally relevant gene, wild‐typeKCNQ4, a potassium channel gene that when mutated causes the autosomal dominant HL DFNA2.Here, we review the current state of viral‐mediated gene transfer in the inner ear and discuss different viral vectors, routes of delivery, and potential applications of gene therapy. Emphasis is placed on experiments demonstrating viral transfection of human inner ear tissue and implications of these findings and for the future of gene therapy in the human inner ear.
Change of Acoustic Parameters Before and After Treatment in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Patients
Authors: Jin Bong Joon , Lee Yong Seop , Jeong Seung Won , Jeong Jin Hyeok , Lee Seung Hwan , Tae Kyung 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the usefulness of acoustic parameters as an indicator of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) treatment efficacy.Study Design: A prospective case series analysis.Materials and Methods: From January to September 2005, we prospectively analyzed 40 patients who were diagnosed with laryngopharyngeal reflux by 24‐hour ambulatory double‐probe pH monitoring. Laryngopharyngeal reflux patients were treated medically and voice analysis was conducted three times: before treatment, 1 to 2 months after treatment, and 3 to 4 months after treatment. Jitter, shimmer, and harmonic‐to‐noise ratio (HNR) were analyzed as the acoustic parameters. Pre‐ and posttreatment reflux symptom index and reflux finding score were documented.Results: Jitter, shimmer, and HNR had improved significantly at 1 to 2 months after treatment and were maintained at 3 to 4 months after treatment. Jitter was significantly correlated with reflux symptom index.Conclusion: Acoustic parameters can be used as indicators of treatment efficacy for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.
Analysis of Cortical Arrays fromTradescantia virginianaat High Resolution Reveals Discrete Microtubule Subpopulations and Demonstrates That Confocal Images of Arrays Can Be Misleading
Authors: Barton Deborah A. , Vantard Marylin , Overall Robyn L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCortical microtubule arrays are highly organized networks involved in directing cellulose microfibril deposition within the cell wall. Their organization results from complex interactions between individual microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins. The precise details of these interactions are often not evident using optical microscopy. Using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, we analyzed extensive regions of cortical arrays and identified two spatially discrete microtubule subpopulations that exhibited different stabilities. Microtubules that lay adjacent to the plasma membrane were often bundled and more stable than the randomly aligned, discordant microtubules that lay deeper in the cytoplasm. Immunolabeling revealed katanin at microtubule ends, on curves, or at sites along microtubules in line with neighboring microtubule ends. End binding 1 protein also localized along microtubules, at microtubule ends or junctions between microtubules, and on the plasma membrane in direct line with microtubule ends. We show fine bands in vivo that traverse and may encircle microtubules. Comparing confocal and electron microscope images of fluorescently tagged arrays, we demonstrate that optical images are misleading, highlighting the fundamental importance of studying cortical microtubule arrays at high resolution.
Microsatellite and mitochondrial haplotype diversity reveals population differentiation in the tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in the Indo‐Pacific region
Authors: You E.‐M. , Chiu T.‐S. , Liu K.‐F. , Tassanakajon A. , Klinbunga S. , Triwitayakorn K. , de la Peña L. D. , Li Y. , Yu H.‐T. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThe black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is an ecologically and economically important penaeid species and is widely distributed in the Indo‐Pacific region. Here we investigated the genetic diversity of P. monodon (n = 355) from eight geographical regions by genotyping at 10 microsatellite loci. The average observed heterozygosity at various loci ranged from 0.638 to 0.743, indicating a high level of genetic variability in this region. Significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium caused by heterozygote deficiency were recorded for most loci and populations. Pairwise FST and RST values revealed genetic differentiation among the populations. Evidence from the assignment test showed that the populations in the West Indian Ocean were unique, whereas other populations examined were partially admixed. In addition, the non‐metric multidimensional scaling analysis indicated the presence of three geographic groups in the Indo‐Pacific region, i.e. the African populations, a population from western Thailand and the remaining populations as a whole. We also sequenced and analysed the mitochondrial control region (mtCR) in these shrimp stocks to determine whether the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes show a similar pattern of genetic differentiation. A total of 262 haplotypes were identified, and nucleotide divergence among haplotypes ranged from 0.2% to 16.3%. Haplotype diversity was high in all populations, with a range from 0.969 to 1. Phylogenetic analysis using the mtCR data revealed that the West Indian Ocean populations were genetically differentiated from the West Pacific populations, consistent with the microsatellite data. These results should have implications for aquaculture management and conservation of aquatic diversity.
The impact of a leptin gene SNP on beef calf weaning weights
Authors: DeVuyst E. A. , Bauer M. L. , Cheng F.‐C. , Mitchell J. , Larson D. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryPrior research indicates that a SNP at position 305 of exon 2 in the leptin gene affects milk production in dairy cows. Dairy cows with at least one copy of the T allele have been shown to have higher milk production than CC cows. If that effect carries over to beef breeds, it is reasonable to expect that CT and TT beef cows will wean heavier calves than CC beef cows. We tested this hypothesis for a herd of mixed breed cows using anova. Results indicated that both crossbred CT and TT beef cows wean significantly heavier beef calves than CC crossbred beef cows. A lack of observations generally hinders detection of significance in other breeds. However, two other comparisons were found to be significant. The results suggest further investigation into the link between leptin genotype and calf weaning weights. Aside from interest to animal scientists, these results have the potential to alter mating and replacement selection decisions by cow–calf producers, given the importance of weaning weights on profitability.
The role of 18F‐FDOPA and 18F‐FDG–PET in the management of malignant and multifocal phaeochromocytomas
Authors: Taïeb D. , Tessonnier L. , Sebag F. , Niccoli‐Sire P. , Morange I. , Colavolpe C. , De Micco C. , Barlier A. , Palazzo F. F. , Henry J. F. , Mundler O. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryBackground  18F‐DOPA has emerged as a promising tool in the localization of chromaffin‐tissue‐derived tumours. Interestingly, phaeochromocytomas (PHEO) are also FDG avid.Aim and methods The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the results of 18F‐FDOPA and/or 18F‐FDG–PET in patients with PHEO and paragangliomas (PGLs) and to compare the outcome of this approach with the traditional therapeutic work‐up. Nine patients with non‐MEN2 related PHEO or PGL were evaluated. At the time of the PET studies, the patients were classified into three groups based on their clinical history, conventional and SPECT imaging. The groups were malignant disease (n = 5, 1 VHL), apparently unique tumour site in patients with previous surgery (n = 1, SDHB) and multifocal tumours (n = 3, 1 VHL, 1 SDHD). 18F‐FDOPA and 18F‐FDG–PET PET/CT were then performed in all patients.Results  PET successfully identified additional tumour sites in five out of five patients with metastatic disease that had not been identified with SPECT + CI. Whilst tumour tracer uptake varied between patients it exhibited a consistently favourable residence time for delayed acquisitions. 18F‐FDOPA uptake (SUVmax) was superior to 18F‐FDG uptake in cases of neck PGL (three patients, four tumours). If only metastatic forms and abdominal PGLs were considered, 18F‐FDG provided additional information in three cases (two metastatic forms, one multifocal disease with SDHD mutation) compared to 18F‐FDOPA.Conclusions  Our results suggest that tumour staging can be improved by combining 18F‐FDOPA and 18F‐FDG in the preoperative work‐up of patients with abdominal and malignant PHEOs. 18F‐FDOPA is also an effective localization tool for neck PGLs. MIBG however, still has a role in these patients as MIBG and FDOPA images did not completely overlap.
Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions in situ by the use of three commercially available sugar‐free gums
Authors: MANTON DAVID J. , WALKER GLENN D. , CAI FAN , COCHRANE NATHAN J. , SHEN PEIYAN , REYNOLDS ERIC C. 
Published: April 2008

Background.  Commercially available sugar‐free chewing gums have been claimed to provide oral health benefits.Aim.  The aim of this randomized, double‐blind crossover in situ study was to compare the efficacy of three commercially available sugar‐free chewing gums: Trident White, Orbit, and Orbit Professional, in remineralizing enamel subsurface lesions in situ.Design.  Specimens containing enamel subsurface lesions were sectioned into test and control half‐slabs with the test half‐slabs inserted into removable palatal appliances. For each test chewing period, subjects were randomly allocated one of three test gums. Subjects (n = 10) chewed the randomly allocated gum for a 20‐min period four times per day for 14 days. Each subject chewed all three test gums, with a 7‐day washout period between crossovers. After each 14‐day cycle, test and control half‐slabs were paired, embedded in resin, sectioned, and subjected to microradiography to determine remineralization.Results.  The gum TW produced significantly greater remineralization (18.4 ± 0.9%) than Orbit (8.9 ± 0.5%) and Orbit Professional (10.5 ± 0.9%).Conclusion.  The superior remineralization activity of the TW gum in situ was attributed to the presence of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes.
Glacial vicariance in the Pacific Northwest: evidence from a lodgepole pine mitochondrial DNA minisatellite for multiple genetically distinct and widely separated refugia
Authors: GODBOUT JULIE , FAZEKAS ARON , NEWTON CRAIG H. , YEH FRANCIS C. , BOUSQUET JEAN 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Canadian side of the Pacific Northwest was almost entirely covered by ice during the last glacial maximum, which has induced vicariance and genetic population structure for several plant and animal taxa. Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud.) has a wide latitudinal and longitudinal distribution in the Pacific Northwest. Our main objective was to identify relictual signatures of glacial vicariance in the population structure of the species and search for evidence of distinct glacial refugia in the Pacific Northwest. A maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA minisatellite‐like marker was used to decipher haplotype diversity in 91 populations of lodgepole pine located across the natural range. Overall population differentiation was sizeable (GST = 0.365 and RST = 0.568). Four relatively homogeneous groups of populations, possibly representative of as many genetically distinct glacial populations, were identified for the two main subspecies, ssp. latifolia and ssp. contorta. For ssp. contorta, one glacial lineage is suggested to have been located at high latitudes and possibly off the coast of mainland British Columbia (BC), while the other is considered to have been located south of the ice sheet along the Pacific coast. For ssp. latifolia, two genetically distinct glacial populations probably occurred south of the ice sheet: in the area bounded by the Cascades and Rocky Mountains ranges, and on the eastern side of the Rockies. A possible fifth refugium located in the Yukon may have also been present for ssp. latifolia. Zones of contact between these ancestral lineages were also apparent in interior and northern BC. These results indicate the role of the Queen Charlotte Islands and the Alexander Archipelago as a refugial zone for some Pacific Northwest species and the vicariant role played by the Cascades and the American Rocky Mountains during glaciation.
High frequency of multiple paternity in broods of a socially monogamous cichlid fish with biparental nest defence
Authors: SEFC KRISTINA M. , MATTERSDORFER KARIN , STURMBAUER CHRISTIAN , KOBLMÜLLER STEPHAN 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn several animal taxa, genetic analyses have demonstrated that social monogamy and biparental brood care do not preclude polygamous reproduction. Few studies have been conducted in fish, but in fish species without alternative reproductive phenotypes, social monogamy was largely congruent with genetic parentage. In contrast to these findings, we report an exceptionally high level of multiple paternity in a socially monogamous cichlid fish with biparental nest defence (Variabilichromis moorii), inferred from microsatellite and mitochondrial data of 10 broods. Whereas all offspring in a nest shared a common mother, each brood was sired by 2 to > 10 males. None of the inferred sires was assigned a large proportion of the brood. Paternity was estimated as the minimum number of sires required to explain multilocus offspring genotypes, and as the maximum‐likelihood number of sires given population allele frequencies. Analysis of simulated brood genotypes suggested that, although these two methods tend to under‐ and overestimate, respectively, the true number of sires, primary sires with many offspring in a brood would have been detected. Hence, the genetic data indicate that the nest tending males suffer substantial cuckoldry and provide alloparental care for a large number of unrelated fry. We have no data on the social status of the cuckolding males, but due to synchronous spawning of pairs and commitment to brood care of paired males, it is possible that most of the parasitic spawners are solitary males.
Landscape genetics and hierarchical genetic structure in Atlantic salmon: the interaction of gene flow and local adaptation
Authors: DIONNE MÉLANIE , CARON FRANÇOIS , DODSON JULIAN J. , BERNATCHEZ LOUIS 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDisentangling evolutionary forces that may interact to determine the patterns of genetic differentiation within and among wild populations is a major challenge in evolutionary biology. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic structure and the potential influence of several ecological variables on the extent of genetic differentiation at multiple spatial scales in a widely distributed species, the Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar. A total of 2775 anadromous fish were sampled from 51 rivers along the North American Atlantic coast and were genotyped using 13 microsatellites. A Bayesian analysis clustered these populations into seven genetically and geographically distinct groups, characterized by different environmental and ecological factors, mainly temperature. These groups were also characterized by different extent of genetic differentiation among populations. Dispersal was relatively high and of the same magnitude within compared to among regional groups, which contrasted with the maintenance of a regional genetic structure. However, genetic differentiation was lower among populations exchanging similar rates of local as opposed to inter‐regional migrants, over the same geographical scale. This raised the hypothesis that gene flow could be constrained by local adaptation at the regional scale. Both coastal distance and temperature regime were found to influence the observed genetic structure according to landscape genetic analyses. The influence of other factors such as latitude, river length and altitude, migration tactic, and stocking was not significant at any spatial scale. Overall, these results suggested that the interaction between gene flow and thermal regime adaptation mainly explained the hierarchical genetic structure observed among Atlantic salmon populations.