bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural parameters of the vastus medialis muscle and its relationship to patellofemoral joint deterioration
Authors: Peeler J. , Anderson J.E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractVastus medialis (VM) muscle dysfunction and abnormal limb alignment are commonly observed in patients who experience changes in patellofemoral joint (PFJ) function, leading many clinicians to assume that there is a direct relationship between VM structural parameters, leg alignment, and PFJ dysfunction. This study tested the hypothesis that there is a relationship between structural parameters of the VM muscle, limb alignment, and the location and severity of patellofemoral joint deterioration (PFJD). The dissection study used 32 limbs from 24 intact cadavers. Data were collected on limb alignment, angle of VM muscle fibers below the superior aspect of the patella, length of VM inserting on the medial aspect of the patella, and severity and location of PFJD. Parametric and nonparametric statistical analyses illustrated that PFJD was most commonly located on the middle third of the medial half of the patellar articular surface. The severity of PFJD did not vary with location. There was no significant correlation between any of VM insertion length, VM fiber angle, limb alignment, and PFJD location and severity lpar;r2 < 0.34). The results of this study did not support the hypothesis of a relationship between structural parameters of the VM muscle, limb alignment, and the location and severity of PFJD in this subject group. Future research should examine the relationship between functional parameters of the entire quadriceps muscle group and PFJ dysfunction. Clin. Anat. 20:307–314, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Posterior approach technique for accessory‐suprascapular nerve transfer: A cadaveric study of the anatomical landmarks and number of myelinated axons
Authors: Pruksakorn D. , Sananpanich K. , Khunamornpong S. , Phudhichareonrat S. , Chalidapong P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAccessory‐suprascapular nerve transfer by the anterior supraclavicular approach technique was suggested to ensure transferrance of the spinal accessory nerve to healthy recipients. However, a double crush lesion of the suprascapular nerve might not be sufficiently demonstrated. In that case, accessory‐suprascapular nerve transfer by the posterior approach would probably solve the problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical landmarks and histomorphometry of the spinal accessory and suprascapular nerve in the posterior approach. Dissection of fresh cadaveric shoulder in a prone position identified the spinal accessory and suprascapular nerve by the trapezius muscle splitting technique. After that, nerves were taken for histomorphometric evaluation. The spinal accessory nerve was located approximately halfway between the spinous process and conoid tubercle. The average distance from the conoid tubercle to the suprascapular nerve (medial edge of the suprascapular notch) is 3.3 cm. The mean number of myelinated axons of the spinal accessory and suprascapular nerve was 1,603 and 6,004 axons, respectively. The results of this study supported the brachial plexus reconstructive surgeons, who carry out accessory‐suprascapular nerve transfer by using the posterior approach technique. This technique is an alternative for patients who have severe crushed injury of the shoulder or suspected double crush lesion of the suprascapular nerve. Clin. Anat. 20:140–143, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Middle meningeal artery hemorrhage: An incorrect name
Authors: Fishpool Samuel J.C. , Suren Nathalie , Roncaroli Federico , Ellis Harold 
Published: August 2006

AbstractExtradural hemorrhage is most commonly assumed to result from a middle meningeal artery rupture. This article challenges that assumption. The meningeal vasculature of 29 cadaveric specimens was examined macroscopically and microscopically at the level of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and foramen spinosum. It was observed that the middle meningeal artery is accompanied by a pair of dural sinuses throughout the majority of its course, thus making exclusively arterial rupture an anatomical improbability. Furthermore, as these dural sinuses pass caudally through the foramen spinosum with the middle meningeal artery, they were seen to diverge to form a plexiform arrangement around the artery. This has not been reported before. Clin. Anat. 20:371–375, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gliding characteristics of flexor tendon and tenosynovium in carpal tunnel syndrome: A pilot study
Authors: Ettema Anke M. , Zhao Chunfeng , Amadio Peter C. , O'Byrne Megan M. , An Kai‐Nan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe characteristic pathological finding in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is noninflammatory fibrosis of the synovium. How this fibrosis might affect tendon function, if at all, is unknown. The subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) lies between the flexor tendons and the visceral synovium (VS) of the ulnar tenosynovial bursa. Fibrosis of the SSCT may well affect its gliding characteristics. To investigate this possibility, the relative motion of the flexor tendon and VS was observed during finger flexion in patients undergoing carpal tunnel surgery, and for comparison in hands without CTS, in an in vitro cadaver model. We used a camera to document the gliding motion of the middle finger flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS III) tendon and SSCT in three patients with CTS during carpal tunnel release and compared this with simulated active flexion in three cadavers with no antemortem history of CTS. The data were digitized with the use of Analyze Software (Biomedical Imaging Resource, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN). In the CTS patients, the SSCT moved en bloc with the tendon, whereas, in the controls the SSCT moved smoothly and separately from the tendon. The ratio of VS to tendon motion was higher for the patients than in the cadaver controls. These findings suggest that in patients with CTS the synovial fibrosis has altered the gliding characteristics of the SSCT. The alterations in the gliding characteristics of the SSCT may affect the ability of the tendons in the carpal tunnel to glide independently from each other, or from the nearby median nerve. These abnormal tendon mechanics may play a role in the etiology of CTS. Clin. Anat. 20:292–299, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wilhelm Erb and Erb's point
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Loukas Marios , Salter E. George , Oakes W. Jerry 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWilhelm Erb is well known for his early contributions to the field of neurology and was an eminent physician of his time. One area described by him and that still bears his name is Erb's point. This point located just superior to the clavicle was used by Erb to transcutaneously elicit contractions of various proximal arm muscles with electrical stimulation. Many have mistakenly interchanged the terms “Erb's point” and “nerve point” when describing the point of emergence of the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus near the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. We present a brief history of Erb's adult life and review his original description of his supraclavicular point and contrast this to the so called nerve point of the posterior cervical triangle. Clinicians and anatomists should be aware of the discrepancy often found in the literature between these two terms. Clin. Anat. 20:486–488, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Corona mortis: An anatomical study with clinical implications in approaches to the pelvis and acetabulum
Authors: Darmanis S. , Lewis A. , Mansoor A. , Bircher M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe “corona mortis” is an anatomical variant, an anastomosis between the obturator and the external iliac or inferior epigastric arteries or veins. It is located behind the superior pubic ramus at a variable distance from the symphysis pubis (range 40–96 mm). The name “corona mortis” or crown of death testifies to the importance of this feature, as significant hemorrhage may occur if accidentally cut and it is difficult to achieve subsequent hemostasis. It constitutes a hazard for orthopedic surgeons especially in the anterior approach to the acetabulum. We carried out forty cadaver dissections (80 hemi‐pelvises) through the ilioinguinal approach. A vascular anastomosis was found in 83% of specimens. Of these, 60% had a large diameter (>3 mm) channel along the posterior aspect of the superior pubic ramus. In clinical practice, however, 492 anterior approaches (to the best of our knowledge the largest series described) have been carried out over the last 15 years by the senior author (MB) and only five of these problematic vessels were discovered, and in only two cases was there troublesome bleeding. This study confirms a paradox: in anatomical dissections a large vessel was identified behind the superior pubic ramus, whereas in clinical practice this vessel does not seem to be as great a threat as initially perceived. Orthopedic surgeons planning an anterior approach to the acetabulum, such as the ilioinguinal or the intrapelvic approach (modified Stoppa), have to be cautious when dissecting near the superior pubic ramus. Despite the high prevalence of these large retropubic vessels in the dissecting room, surgeons should exercise caution but not alter their surgical approach for fear of excessive hemorrhage. Clin. Anat. 20:433–439, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral N‐Oxides in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Malkov Andrei V. , Kočovský Pavel 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis microreview highlights the utilization of chiral amine N‐oxides in catalytic asymmetric transformations, which are discussed in a more general context of catalysis by chiral Lewis bases. Both metal‐free and metal‐mediated reactions are surveyed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Electrochemical Investigation of the Role of Reducing Agents in Copper‐Catalyzed Nitric Oxide Release from S‐Nitrosoglutathione
Authors: David‐Dufilho Monique , Brunet Annie , Bedioui Fethi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractStudies of nitric oxide (NO) release from S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) decomposition by Cu2+ in the presence of reducing agents were performed using a nickel porphyrin and Nafion‐coated microsensor in order to compare the efficiency of sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to that of the most abundant endogenous reducer, glutathione (GSH). When it was mixed to Cu(NO3)2 and added to equimolar concentration of GSNO, each reducing agent caused a NO release (measured in terms of oxidation current) but only NaBH4 induced a proportional rise if its concentration doubled and that of Cu2+ remained constant. For Na2S2O4, there was a mild increase and for GSH, no change. Furthermore, when Cu2+ concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5 μM were mixed with 2 μM reducing agent and added to 2 μM GSNO, the NO oxidation current linearly increased with NaBH4 and was constant with Na2S2O4. Concerning GSH, Cu2+ dose‐dependently increased the NO release from GSNO only if the Cu2+‐to‐reducer ratio was ≤1. However, GSH formed the catalytic species Cu+ even in excess of Cu2+ and GSNO as indicated by suppression of the Cu2+/GSH‐induced NO release when the Cu+ chelator neocuproine was added to GSNO. This work shows that, among the 3 reducing agents, only NaBH4 allows Cu2+ to dose‐dependently increase the NO release from GSNO for Cu2+‐to‐reducer ratios ranging from 0.25 to 2.5. Despite this good effectiveness, excess of NaBH4 compared to both Cu2+ and GSNO seems to be required for optimal NO release.
Investigation into Charge Transport Dynamics of [Os(bpy)2(picolinate)]Cl Nafion Films
Authors: Warren Susan , McCormac Timothy , Mihaylova Emilia Mitkova , Dempsey Eithne 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis work examines the charge transport properties of redox films of the immobilized enzyme mediator [Os(bpy)2(picolinate)]Cl ([Os(bpy)2Pic]+). Chronoamperometry was used to calculate DCT values (typically of the order of 1.5×10−8 cm2 s−1) and the effect of %loading of redox material was determined for three electrolytes over a range of concentrations. The data obtained implies that charge transfer within the film occurs via a redox site diffusion mechanism. The concentration of redox sites was determined using an approximate film thickness of 7 μm, as determined from profilometry studies. Experiments were also performed using immobilized carbon nanotubes within the redox film in order to examine the impact of the increased surface area and conductivity. The presence of the carbon nanotubes had the effect of doubling the surface coverage values and enhancing DCT1/2 CM values from 1.9×10−9 to 16.1×10−9 mol cm−1 s−1.
Medium Exchange Stripping Potentiometry for the Measurement of Labile Copper in White Wine
Authors: Clark Andrew C. , Scollary Geoffrey R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAn efficient and effective procedure is described for the determination of the labile copper concentration in untreated white wine using medium exchange stripping potentiometry. Two rinse steps between the enrichment and stripping steps allowed measurement of labile concentration with good repeatability and reproducibility. The fraction of labile copper ranged from 13% to 91%, for 16 white wines, indicating the highly variable copper complexing character of the wine matrix. The methodology was applied to labile copper measurement during the oxidation of white wines.
Electrically Addressed Fabrication of Aptamer‐Based Array Electrodes
Authors: Xu Dawei , Han Huanhuan , He Wei , Liu Zhihong , Xu Danke , Liu Xijie 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAn aptamer immobilization method based electrically addressed fabrication has been developed for the preparation of aptamer‐modified arrayed electrodes, by which the human IgE aptamer was oriented and immobilized on the gold electrode surface. The optimization of the experimental conditions including the applied potential, time and scan rate of potential was investigated. The method was successfully used to immobilize the aptamer onto the desired electrodes, pixel by pixel, based on the electrically addressed approach. Compared to the control electrodes, the resulting aptamer‐modified electrodes showed their specific recognition for human IgE. The present method owns several advantages such as rapid and simple immobilization as well as its automatic addressed capability by the electric approach.
Preparation and Electrocatalytic Performance of Functionalized Copper‐Based Nanoparticles Supported on the Gold Surface
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Su Xiaodan , Tian Xuefei , Huang Zhen , Song Wenbo , Zhao Jingzhe 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCopper nanoparticles (CuNPs) encapsulated by polymeric stabilizer of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (noted as PVP‐CuNPs) were simply prepared and used to construct an enzymeless glucose sensor on a solid substrate. Sensing and assay performance of the CuNPs‐based sensor to glucose were evaluated in detail. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (I–t) and flow injection amperometry (FIA) revealed a high sensitivity, excellent stability, and good reproducibility in the glucose determination at +0.45 V, which was 200 mV more negative than those in former reports. A detection limit as low as 1.0×10−8 M (signal‐to‐noise=3) and a linear range of 1.0×10−7 M to 5.0×10−3 M were obtained in this study.
Production rate of propionic acid in fermentation of cheese whey with enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Morales Jorge , Choi Joong‐So , Kim Dong‐Shik 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPropionic acid is widely used in chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries as an important intermediate. Currently, almost all propionic acid is manufactured by chemical synthesis. In this research, propionic acid was produced through fermentation of cheese whey lactose by Propionibacterium acidipropionici. To increase propionic acid production and to decrease acetic acid production, enzyme inhibitors, such as calcium‐EGTA and o‐iodosobenzoate, were tested. These enzyme inhibitors, known to inhibit the particular enzymes in the acetic acid production pathway, were expected to divert the metabolic flux to the propionic acid pathway. Even at a low concentration of 0.01 mM, calcium‐EGTA was found to be effective in suppressing the overall cell growth, which resulted in decreasing the production rates of both acids compared to the uninhibited case. However, addition of 0.3 mM of o‐iodosobenzoate successfully resulted in an increase of cell growth and a 2.4‐fold increase in the propionic acid production rate, whereas the acetic acid production rate was reduced to 30% of the control. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2006
Seismic reliability functions for multistorey frame and wall‐frame systems
Authors: Alamilla Jorge L. , Esteva Luis 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSeismic reliability functions of multistorey frame systems are expressed as values of Cornell's βindex in terms of two alternative measures of the earthquake intensity, normalized with respect to the yield displacement or to the deformation capacity of a simplified model of the global behaviour of the system obtained by pushover analysis. The safety margin is defined as the difference of the natural logarithms of the intensity that leads to collapse and that assumed to act on the system. The problem of defining a deformation capacity for a multistorey system is circumvented in this manner. The method proposed is illustrated through its application to several reinforced concrete rigid frames, including both column‐and‐beam and wall‐frame systems. Ground motion excitations are representative of those recorded at soft soil sites in the Valley of Mexico. A comparison is made of the reliability functions obtained on the basis of the gross section or the cracked section of reinforced concrete members. The results show that the reliability functions do not only depend on the expected values of the normalized intensity, but also on its dispersion, which is sensitive to the ratio of the fundamental period of the system to the dominant period of the ground motion. Some comments are presented about the establishment of reliability‐based seismic design criteria for generic systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple models for estimating period‐shift and damping in soil
Authors: Tsang Hing‐Ho , Chandler Adrian M. , Lam Nelson T. K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis study describes the development of a simple, heuristic manual calculation procedure for estimating the site period‐shift factor and soil damping ratio, with appropriate considerations for the level of shaking, impedance contrast between soil and bedrock interface and the plasticity of the soil layers. Essentially, the analogy of a building shear‐frame has been used to represent the seismic response behaviour of a soil column. The proposed procedure has been verified by comparing the predictions with results obtained directly from non‐linear shear wave analyses of soil column models. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guidelines for seismic design of flexible buswork between substation equipment
Authors: Dastous Jean‐Bernard 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDuring an earthquake, flexible buswork between interconnected equipment is stretched and compressed dynamically. This causes additional forces to be transmitted to the equipment. Design guidelines for flexible buswork have been determined through non‐linear finite element simulations on models of typical installations. For a proper design, the required amount of slack in the buswork is established using an estimation of the maximum horizontal relative displacement between equipment in a pair, with an additional length function of the buswork shape and its corresponding stiffness. To avoid multi‐connected equipment effects, all pairs of equipment within a given electrical phase must be designed in such way. Of utmost importance, equipment must be designed with an additional static load at its attachment point, to take account of the unavoidable forces transmitted by the buswork. From the previous criteria, a methodology for the design of universal flexible buswork has been established for use within Hydro‐Quebec and shown to be a simple way to cover most pairs of equipment within a given voltage level and for a given seismic demand. This methodology resulted in design tables specifying the required conductor length of possible shapes, for different distances between equipment. The guidelines described in this paper are proposed for possible adoption by other utilities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing scheduling of post‐earthquake electric power restoration tasks
Authors: Xu Ningxiong , Guikema Seth D. , Davidson Rachel A. , Nozick Linda K. , Çağnan Zehra , Vaziri Kabeh 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a stochastic integer program developed to determine how to schedule inspection, damage assessment, and repair tasks so as to optimize the post‐earthquake restoration of the electric power system. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the average time each customer is without power, and a genetic algorithm is used to solve it. The effectiveness of the schedules recommended by the optimization are evaluated by running a detailed discrete event simulation model of the restoration process with both the optimization‐generated schedules and the power company's original schedules, and comparing the resulting restorations according to three measures—average time each customer is without power, time required to restore 90 of customers, and time required to restore 98 of customers. The optimization and simulation models both consider all the earthquakes that could affect the power system and represent the uncertainty surrounding expected restoration times. he models were developed through an application to the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) electric power system, but the general approach is extendable to other electric power systems, other lifelines, and other hazards. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracellular ATP counteracts the ERK1/2‐mediated death‐promoting signaling cascades in astrocytes
Authors: Shinozaki Youichi , Koizumi Schuichi , Ohno Yasuo , Nagao Taku , Inoue Kazuhide 
Published: August 2006

AbstractOxidative stress is the main cause of neuronal death in pathological conditions. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), one of the reactive oxygen species, activates many intracellular signaling cascades including src family and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), some of which are critically involved in the induction of cellular damage. We previously showed that H2O2‐induced cell death in astrocytes and adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP), acting on P2Y1 receptors, had a protective effect. Here, we examined the H2O2‐induced changes in intracellular signaling cascades that promote cell death in astrocytes, showing the molecular mechanisms by which the activation of P2Y1 receptors counteracts such signals. Although H2O2 activated three MAPKs including ERK1/2, p38, and JNK, only the activation of ERK1/2 participated in the H2O2‐evoked cell death. H2O2 induced a sustained activation of ERK1/2 mainly in the nucleus region, which was well in accordance with the H2O2‐induced cell death. H2O2 also activated the src tyrosine kinase family, which was an upstream signal for ERK1/2. Activation of P2Y1 receptors by 2methylthio‐ADP (2MeSADP) inhibited the H2O2‐evoked activation of src tyrosine kinase, resulting in the inhibition of the phosphorylated‐ERK1/2 accumulation in the nucleus. 2MeSADP enhanced the gene expression and activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), which was responsible for the inhibition of src tyrosine kinase. Thioredoxin reductase, another cytoprotective gene we previously showed to be upregulated by 2MeSADP, also controlled the activity of PTP. Taken together, ATP, acting on P2Y1 receptors, upregulates the PTP expression and its activity, which counteracts the H2O2‐promoted death signaling cascades including ERK1/2 and its upstream signal src tyrosine kinase in astrocytes. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.