bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant Thoracolumbosacral Myelomeningocele: A Case Report
Authors: Acharya Abhijit , Panigrahi Souvagya , Deo Rama Chandra , Senapati Satya Bhusan , Mahapatra Ashok Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeural tube defects are a broad spectrum of congenital developmental anomalies that include cranial defects and open and closed spinal dysraphism. Myelomeningocele is a common form of spinal dysraphism most commonly seen in the lumbosacral region. Giant myelomeningoceles are rare occurrences. We hereby present the case of a 7-month-old infant with a history of large swelling over the thoracic lumbar region (circumference of 42 cm and diameter of 12.5 cm) that was progressively increasing in size with occasional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage from the swelling. There was associated progressive increasing size of the head size circumference (51 cm) as well for the past 6 months. There was no movement of both lower limbs since birth without any sensation up to the groin. On evaluation, the infant was found to have gross hydrocephalous. The Evans index was 0.4 with Chiari 2 malformation and a giant thoracolumbosacral myelomeningocele. The patient underwent a low-pressure ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt on the right side, followed by the repair of the giant myelomeningocele. The post-op period was uneventful with no CSF leakage or skin necrosis. The infant was discharged on day 5. Giant myelomeningoceles are quite a challenge for neurosurgeons due to the high risk of skin edge necrosis, CSF leaks, meningoencephalitis, etc. Here we managed our case with utmost intraoperative surgical skills and postoperative management due to which our patient was discharged in a satisfactory condition without any complication. This case is supposed to be largest myelomeningocele in the world literature to date.
Quantifying the Tension between Cosmological Models and JWST Red Candidate Massive Galaxies
Authors: Wang Jun-Chao , Huang Zhi-Qi , Huang Lu , Liu Jianqi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We develop a Python tool to estimate the tail distribution of the number of dark matter halos beyond a mass threshold and in a given volume in a light-cone. The code is based on the extended Press–Schechter model and is computationally efficient, typically taking a few seconds on a personal laptop for a given set of cosmological parameters. The high efficiency of the code allows a quick estimation of the tension between cosmological models and the red candidate massive galaxies released by the James Webb Space Telescope, as well as scanning the theory space with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. As an example application, we use the tool to study the cosmological implication of the candidate galaxies presented in Labbé et al. The standard Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model is well consistent with the data if the star formation efficiency can reach ∼0.3 at high redshift. For a low star formation efficiency ϵ ∼ 0.1, the ΛCDM model is disfavored at ∼2σ–3σ confidence level.
One in-situ extraction algorithm for monitoring bunch-by-bunch profile in the storage ring
Authors: Wu Ruizhe , Zhao Yunkun , Tang Leilei , Wang Jigang , Lu Ping , Sun Baogen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As the brightness of synchrotron radiation (SR) light sources improves, the operation stability of light sources is weakened. To explore various beam instability related issues in light sources, one transverse beam diagnostics system for bunch-by-bunch (BbB) profile measurement has been established at Hefei Light Source-II (HLS-II). In this paper, one in-situ extraction algorithm in the data processing backend of the system is developed for BbB profiles, so as to provide important beam information of the machine operation in time.
Gaussian wavelet basis expansion based phase noise suppression method for coherent optical OFDM systems
Authors: Zhou He , Fang Xi , Zhang Song , Wang Yunzhang , Jin Jifang , Ding Ding 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we developed a phase noise suppression method based on Gaussian wavelet basis expansion (GWBE) for coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (CO-OFDM) systems. Compared with traditional phase noise suppression methods, the GWBE method significantly enhances the system’s robustness to laser phase noise, providing improved phase noise suppression, especially in scenarios with high linewidth. Additionally, the method demonstrates excellent performance in 32-QAM and 64-QAM. By employing the proposed GWBE method, the impact of laser phase noise on CO-OFDM can be effectively mitigated.
Test beam results of a fluorescence-based monitor for ultra-high dose rates
Authors: Trigilio A. , De Gregorio A. , De Simoni M. , Franciosini G. , Garbini M. , Magi M. , Marafini M. , Mirabelli R. , Muscato A. , Patera V. , Schiavi A. , Toppi M. , Traini G. , Sarti A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant focus on improving the effectiveness of radiotherapy (RT) and particle therapy in treating tumors while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. A promising development is offered by the observation of the so-called FLASH effect, where ultra-high dose rates delivered in a short time have shown to protect healthy tissues while maintaining anti-tumor efficacy. However, conventional detectors face challenges in monitoring charged beams at these ultra-high dose rates due to non-linear effects. To address this challenge, the FlashDC (Flash Detector beam Counter) has been developed. It uses air fluorescence to monitor beam fluence and spatial distribution in real-time with high accuracy and minimal impact on treatment delivery. This innovative detector offers a linear response for various charged beams, dose rates, and energies, making it a cost-effective solution. Multiple prototypes have been developed and optimized using Monte Carlo simulations. The analysis of data from recent test beam campaigns with electrons delivered at FLASH intensities has demonstrated a linear correlation between the detector signal and the delivered dose per pulse, confirming that fluorescence can be used for beam monitoring in FLASH-RT studies. This contribution introduces the FlashDC monitor, discusses its expected performance, and presents preliminary test beam results obtained with electron beams in FLASH mode.
Automatic tuning of PID controllers using deep recurrent neural networks with pruning based on tracking error
Authors: Ahmadi Aghil , Mahboobi Esfanjani Reza 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Although PID controllers are common in industry, they are
often poorly tuned; especially, in uncertain environments. Modern
industries, with increasing complexity, motivate us to employ new
intelligent methods in order to extend PID controllers beyond their
usual capabilities. In this paper, an advanced machine learning
scheme is utilized to improve PID controllers; for the first time, a
deep dynamic neural network is employed to tune online the
parameters of the traditional PID controller in order to overcome
the effects of uncertainties in the closed-loop control system. To
reduce the computational burden of deep recurrent neural network, a
novel structural learning technique is applied to optimize the
configuration. Unlike existing pruning methods, the network is
pruned based on the values of neurons and the total value of the
corresponding layer. Simulation of a benchmark CSTR system
demonstrate that the proposed scheme performs more efficiently
compared to a shallow network tuner, in the presence of
uncertainties.
Multi-objectives optimization can contribute to conservation and restoration priority setting in dryland region
Authors: Sun Siqi , Liu Xin , Wang Cong , Jiang Wei , Ma Ruiming , Ao Nen , Guo Jianying , Lü Yihe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The ecological conservation and restoration of drylands is a global challenge, which is always under resources constraints and in competition with land developments. Here, we aim to identify ecological conservation and restoration priority areas based on the objectives of maximizing ecological values and minimizing opportunity costs with zonation as a heuristic spatial optimization tool. We take the Inner Mongolia (IM) of China as a typical dryland region. Results reveal that the efficiency of multi-objectives for ecological restoration is often better than a single objective. IM should focus on ecological conservation supplemented by restoration. Conserving 36.9% and restoring 13.1% of IM can provide an average of 72% of ecosystem functions while consuming 20% of opportunity costs. Our framework aligns with the need for nature-based solutions and rationalizes the allocation of resources for ecological conservation and restoration projects in complex dryland regions.
The importance of the local structure of fractal aggregates
Authors: Botet Robert , Rannou Pascal , Tazaki Ryo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The pair correlation function, g(r), is a fundamental descriptor of the inner structure of fractal aggregates of monomers. It provides a natural tool for studying physical properties involving two-point interaction (e.g. optics of aggregates). Several domains of distances between pairs of monomers have been identified. The fractal domain (in which g(r) is a power-law) is generally dominant for large aggregates. We show here that the local behavior of g(r)—involving monomers tangent to a given monomer—is necessary for most of the quantitative applications, even if that local domain is not directly related to fractal morphology. We derive a simple generic pair correlation function for fractal aggregates, depending on three structural parameters only: the fractal dimension, df
; the prefactor, kf
; the local mean coordination number,

Z
ˉ

. Unlike the fractal dimension, the prefactor and the mean coordination number are not universal since they depend on many parameters of the generation process. We discuss the impact of the definite shape of g(r) on the aggregate structure factor profile (a measurable quantity through small-angle x-ray scattering). Improvement from the new g(r) shape is also illustrated deriving an analytical expression of the geometric cross section, G, of aggregates for fractal dimension

<

2

. Accuracy is checked by comparing with numerical data from aggregates of fractal dimension

d
f

=
1.9

. On the up-to-date analytical expression of G, the contributions of the short- and long-range behaviours of g(r) are well separated, and it is clear that the local behavior of the pair correlation function is required to obtain accurate values of the geometric cross section. Thus, in addition to the fractal structure of aggregates, the local structure of aggregates (to which the prefactor kf
and the g(r) divergence at short distances are related) also appears important to accurately describe their physical features.
Operator algebra generalization of a theorem of Watrous and mixed unitary quantum channels
Authors: Kribs David W , Levick Jeremy , Pereira Rajesh , Rahaman Mizanur 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We establish an operator algebra generalization of Watrous’ theorem (Watrous 2009 Quantum Inf. Comput.
9 403–413) on mixing unital quantum channels (completely positive trace-preserving maps) with the completely depolarizing channel, wherein the more general objects of focus become (finite-dimensional) von Neumann algebras, the unique trace preserving conditional expectation onto the algebra, the group of unitary operators in the commutant of the algebra, and the fixed point algebra of the channel. As an application, we obtain a result on the asymptotic theory of quantum channels, showing that all unital channels are eventually mixed unitary. We also discuss the special case of the diagonal algebra in detail, and draw connections to the theory of correlation matrices and Schur product maps.
A long-term storable gel-laden chip composite built in a multi-well plate enabling in situ cell encapsulation for high-throughput liver model
Authors: Kim Min Kyeong , Park Jubin , Tak Sungho , Paek Kyurim , Bang Geul , Woo Sang-Mi , Ravichandran Naresh Kumar , Hong Won Gi , Kang Hyun-Wook , Kim Hyang , Bae Ji Yong , Kim Jeong Ah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used as scaffold materials for constructing in vitro three-dimensional microphysiological systems. However, their high sensitivity to various external cues hinders the development of hydrogel-laden, microscale, and high-throughput chips. Here, we have developed a long-term storable gel-laden chip composite built in a multi-well plate, which enables in situ cell encapsulation and facilitates high-throughput analysis. Through optimized chemical crosslinking and freeze-drying method (C/FD), we have achieved a high-quality of gel-laden chip composite with excellent transparency, uniform porosity, and appropriate swelling and mechanical characteristics. Besides collagen, decellularized extracellular matrix with tissue-specific biochemical compound has been applied as chip composite. As a ready-to-use platform, in situ cell encapsulation within the gel has been achieved through capillary force generated during gel reswelling. The liver-mimetic chip composite, comprising HepG2 cells or primary hepatocytes, has demonstrated favorable hepatic functionality and high sensitivity in drug testing. The developed fabrication process with improved stability of gels and storability allows chip composites to be stored at a wide range of temperatures for up to 28 d without any deformation, demonstrating off-the-shelf products. Consequently, this provides an exceptionally simple and long-term storable platform that can be utilized for an efficient tissue-specific modeling and various biomedical applications.
3D bioprinting of mouse pre-osteoblasts and human MSCs using bioinks consisting of gelatin and decellularized bone particles
Authors: Kara Özenler Aylin , Distler Thomas , Akkineni Ashwini Rahul , Tihminlioglu Funda , Gelinsky Michael , Boccaccini Aldo R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
One of the key challenges in biofabrication applications is to obtain bioinks that provide a balance between printability, shape fidelity, cell viability, and tissue maturation. Decellularization methods allow the extraction of natural extracellular matrix, preserving tissue-specific matrix proteins. However, the critical challenge in bone decellularization is to preserve both organic (collagen, proteoglycans) and inorganic components (hydroxyapatite) to maintain the natural composition and functionality of bone. Besides, there is a need to investigate the effects of decellularized bone (DB) particles as a tissue-based additive in bioink formulation to develop functional bioinks. Here we evaluated the effect of incorporating DB particles of different sizes (≤45 and ≤100 μm) and concentrations (1%, 5%, 10% (wt %)) into bioink formulations containing gelatin (GEL) and pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) or human mesenchymal stem cells (hTERT-MSCs). In addition, we propose a minimalistic bioink formulation using GEL, DB particles and cells with an easy preparation process resulting in a high cell viability. The printability properties of the inks were evaluated. Additionally, rheological properties were determined with shear thinning and thixotropy tests. The bioprinted constructs were cultured for 28 days. The viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation capacity of cells were evaluated using biochemical assays and fluorescence microscopy. The incorporation of DB particles enhanced cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacity which might be due to the natural collagen and hydroxyapatite content of DB particles. Alkaline phosphatase activity is increased significantly by using DB particles, notably, without an osteogenic induction of the cells. Moreover, fluorescence images display pronounced cell-material interaction and cell attachment inside the constructs. With these promising results, the present minimalistic bioink formulation is envisioned as a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering as a clinically translatable material with straightforward preparation and high cell activity.
Effect of surface strengthening by ultrasonic shot peening on TC17 alloy
Authors: Tan Mingxin , Cai Jin , Qu Jinglong , Xie Xingfei , Lv Shaomin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of ultrasonic shot peening (USP) on surface morphology, microstructure, and residual stress field distribution of TC17 alloy under different process parameters. The aim is to reveal the surface strengthening mechanism of TC17 alloy caused by USP. The results suggest that the use of the 2.5 mm projectile diameter leads to an increase in surface roughness, plastic deformation, and a deeper grain refinement layer compared to the 1.5 mm projectile diameter. Additionally, it results in a greater depth of the compressive residual stress layer and maximum compressive residual stress. The crack initiation sites under two projectile diameters are located below the compressive residual stress layer. The USP treatment introduces compressive residual stress on the surface, inhibiting the initiation of surface cracks, and the deeper compressive residual stress layer offsets the early fatigue failure caused by higher roughness.
Electronic structures and quantum capacitance of twisted mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures of graphene/C2H based on tight-binding model
Authors: Xin Baojuan , Li Boyan , Yang Wen , Li Luyan , Dong Hong , Cheng Yahui , Liu Hui , Wang Wei-Hua , Lu Feng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Constructing twisted mixed dimensional graphene-based van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) is an effective strategy to manipulate the electronic structures and improve the quantum capacitance (C
q) of graphene. In this work, mixed dimensional vdWH of graphene/C2H has been proposed owing to similar Dirac semimetal character of one-dimensional C2H with that of graphene. Meanwhile, the influence of twisting angle (θ) and interlayer interaction strength on the electronic structures and the C
q of the MD vdWH are systemically explored based on tight binding model. With the fitted hopping integral parameters, it is found that the linear dispersion of the graphene is basically preserved but the bandwidth is decreased with modulating twisting angle and interlayer interaction, and the C
q of mixed dimensional vdWH is improved 5–19 times compared with graphene at zero bias. Moreover, the compressed strain could enhance the C
q of mixed dimensional vdWH to 74.57 μF cm−2 at zero bias and broaden the low working voltage window of mixed-dimensional vdWH with considerable C
q. Our results provide suitable tight-binding model parameters and theoretical guidance for exploring the twisted MD vdWH of graphene/C2H and offer an effective strategy to modulate the electronic structures and the C
q of graphene through constructing the MD vdWH.
Fast prototype and rapid construction of three-dimensional and multi-scaled pitcher for controlled drainage by systematic biomimicry
Authors: Shen Tao , Li Ning , Liu Shijie , Yu Cunlong , Zhang Chengqi , Yang Kang , Li Xingfei , Fang Ruochen , Jiang Lei , Dong Zhichao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Biomimetic materials that use natural wisdom to solve practical problems are developing rapidly. The trend for systematic biomimicry is towards in-situ characterization of natural creatures with high spatial resolutions. Furthermore, rapid reconstruction of digital twin models with the same complex features as the prototype is indispensable. However, it faces bottlenecks and limits in fast characterization and fabrication, precise parameter optimization, geometric deviations control, and quality prediction. To solve these challenges, here, we demonstrate a state-of-the-art method taking advantage of micro-computed tomography and three-dimensional printing for the fast characterization of the pitcher plant Nepenthes x ventrata and fabrication of its biomimetic model to obtain a superior drainage controller with multiscale structures with precise surface morphology optimization and geometric deviation control. The film-rupture-based drainage dynamic and mechanisms are characterized by x-ray and high-speed videography, which determines the crucial structures for unique directional drainage. Then the optimized artificial pitchers are further developed into sustained drainage devices with novel applications, such as detection, reaction, and smoke control.
Rethinking Cyber Warfare
Authors: Edelman R David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFifteen years into the era of cyber warfare, are we any closer to understanding the role a major cyberattack would play in international relations—or to preventing one? Spanning disciplines and enriched by practitioner insights, Rethinking Cyber Warfare provides a novel understanding of the role that digital disruption plays in contemporary international security. The work focuses on the critical phenomenon of major cyberattacks against wired societies, a significant capability that, despite considerable state planning for such an incident, has received comparatively little scholarly consideration. Starting with a reconsideration of the central tenets that have shaped global powers’ policies to date, it explores in-depth what forces in the international system might durably restrain their use. Arming the reader with the key technological and historical context to make sense of cyberattacks, it considers how deterrence, international law, and normative taboos operate today to shape whether and how states think about causing this kind of disruption—and how soon those forces might combine to rethink those decisions entirely. The result is a comprehensive look at one of the most pressing issues in international security that also illuminates a new pathway for managing one of its greatest sources of instability.
Defining and Studying Cyberattacks
Authors: Edelman R David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChapter 1 opens with the claim that Estonia was a rehearsal—and in some ways the beginning of a new epoch in international security, when Kremlin-aligned actors hobbled that small Baltic nation’s economic and communications capabilities in an act of apparent political protest. It outlines the central topic and scope of the book, oriented around the question: Which, if any, forces in the international system might restrain state use of cyberattacks, despite the strategic advantage they confer? It then provides a formal definition of cyberattacks—distinct from espionage or theft, these acts of coercion or sabotage disrupting or destroying infrastructure to significant national security effect. Critically for the subsequent analysis, this definition differentiates cyberattacks (as used here) from other merely unfriendly or criminally illegal activities like spying or extortion. The chapter then explores the many of the key assumptions that motivated early analysis and in particular state doctrine on cybersecurity—on the role of nonstate actors; the ability to attribute attacks; the speed of necessary response; and even the concept of a cyberwar distinct from other state hostilities—and in each case finds them deeply flawed. With the hindsight of fifteen years, it is now possible to see just how differently the landscape for cyberattacks has evolved from prior estimations, and in turn, providing a new lens through which to interpret the historical record and assess the capacity for restraint.