bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in serum thyroid hormones in euthyroid children with circulating anti-thyroid antibodies
Authors: Villalpando Salvador , Cisneros Ignacia , García-Bulnes Guadalupe , Urquieta Bárbara , Mondragón Lourdes , Junco Elisa , Parra Adalberto 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Anti-thyroid antibodies are frequently found in otherwise normal populations (4.5–25.8%); however, there is scanty information about thyroid function status in affected individuals. In this report, the serum concentrations of TSH, T3, T4, rT3 and TBG and the titre of anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsomal antibodies (haemagglutination technique) were studied in 520 healthy school children (260 boys and 260 girls) aged 6.0–17.9 years. Titres equal or greater than 1:16 of one or both antibodies were detected in 58 boys and in 77 girls (in 33 boys and in 24 girls with, and in 25 boys and 43 girls without, associated abnormalities in the serum concentrations of one or several hormones). The age distribution of thyroid antibodies followed a trimodal pattern with peaks at 7, 11 and 16–17 years in both sexes. The most striking finding was an abnormally elevated T3 concentration in 22 boys and 5 girls with positive antibodies, with no symptoms of thyroid dysfunction and with no clear relationship with simultaneous abnormalities in TSH, T4 or rT3; however, in 5 boys the TBG serum levels were increased. Serum from these patients was incubated with [125I]T3 before free radioactivity was precipitated with dextran-coated charcoal and the aliquots were analyzed by paper electrophoresis. Serum samples with high T3 levels bound significantly more radioactivity than normal or T3-free serum (P < 0.001) and an abnormal peak of radioactivity was present in the gamma globulin fraction, in the former but not in the latter two types of sera. The presence of high serum T3 levels in the absence of clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism was probably due to sequestration of T3 by the anti-thyroglobulin antibody, which may have cross-reactivity with T3 and T4, as has previously been demonstrated both in animals and humans.
Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone responsiveness and degradation in children with chronic renal failure: effect of time of evolution
Authors: Henneberg C. Marti , Domenech J. M. , Montoya E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In order to study the hypothalamic-pituitarythyroid function in children with chronic renal failure (CRF), the serum levels of l-thyroxine (l-T4), l-triiodothyronine (l-T3), reverse T3 (rT3), thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin (Prl) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Values were compared with those of normal subjects. Low levels of l-T4 were present in CRF patients as compared to controls. l-T3 was also found to be low but less than l-T4, and rT3 was lower in patients with long evolution. No alterations were observed in TSH basal levels, whereas Prl values in patients were high.
After thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration, TSH and Prl rose to similar levels in both groups, but high values were maintained throughout (120 min) in CRF. A significant negative correlation was found between the peak rise of the TSH response and the CRF evolution time. The l-T3 response to TRH administration (120 min) was similar in both CRF and controls.
The rate of in vivo and in vitro exogenous TRH degradation was decreased in patients with CRF or by their sera, respectively. Our data seem to confirm that the hypothyroid syndrome described in CRF patients is of hypothalamic origin, and the low in vivo and in vitro TRH degradation rates are a consequence of this state.
The aging Leydig cell V. Diurnal rhythms in aged men
Authors: Murono E. P. , Nankin H. R. , Lin T. , Osterman J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Basal circulating levels of progesterone, 17α-OH-progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone and oestradiol-17β were measured in 'young' (median age 34 years) and 'old' (median age 73 years) normal males between 08.30 and 17.00 h. Diurnal rhythms for 17α-OH-progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and testosterone were observed in both young and old men. No rhythms were discernable for progesterone or oestradiol-17β in both age groups.
Progestin receptors in prolactin and growth hormone producing tumours in rats
Authors: Naess Oddvar , Haug Egil , Attramadal Arne , Gautvik Kaare M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Progesterone and corticosterone have a similar effect on the production of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (Prl) by pituitary tumour cells (GH3 cells) in culture. Previously we have shown that progesterone has a high affinity for the glucocorticoid receptors in these cells. Progesterone may therefore exert its effects through binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the GH3 tumour cells and an oestrogen induced pituitary tumour, which also produce GH and Prl, possess specific receptors for progesterone. Both the GH3 tumours and the oestrogen induced pituitary tumour were in fact found to possess cytoplasmatic receptor molecules for progesterone by using the potent progestin R5020 as a marker. Isoelectric focusing revealed one binding component (pH 5.9), which was of protein nature. The binding was of high affinity (Kd 2 × 10−9 mol/l). In the oestrogen induced tumour, the maximal binding was 70 fmol/mg cytosol protein. In female rats with GH3 tumours the binding was 55 fmol/mg cytosol protein. Priming of the animals with 1 mg oestradiol-valerate increased the binding to 116 fmol/mg cytosol protein, whereas very little binding was found in GH3 tumours from rats castrated 7 days before sacrifice. The receptors in the oestrogen induced pituitary tumour and the GH3 tumours exhibited high affinity for R5020 and progesterone, whereas corticosterone had no significant affinity for the receptors. Using exchange assay, it was demonstrated that the cytoplasmic progestin receptors could be translocated to the nucleus after administration of progesterone to the animals. Thus, the presence of specific progesterone receptors, different from the glucocorticoid receptors, strongly indicates that the effects of progesterone on GH and Prl production are mediated through the progesterone receptors.
Experimental conditions leading to a low degree of thyroglobulin iodination without loss in coupling efficiency
Authors: Kohler H. , Studer H. , Gerber H. , von Grünigen C. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The hormone content of in vitro iodinated thyroglobulin is a constant fraction of the iodine content of the protein under most, but not all, experimental conditions. In contrast, in vivo iodinated human thyroglobulin may contain as little as 10% or as much as 50% of its total iodine in the T4 molecules. Surprisingly, in some poorly iodinated thyroglobulins up to 30% of the iodine may be found in T4. The mechanism of the apparent dissociation between iodination and coupling efficiency (i.e. percentage of total iodine present as iodothyronines) may be dilution of pre-existing high iodinated thyroglobulin stores by non-iodinated prethyroglobulin. This hypothesis was tested by feeding rats PTU and KClO4 for 9 days and injecting T4 during the last 2 days. Thyroglobulin iodination dropped from 0.9 to 0.13% but the coupling efficiency remained unchanged at 25.7 and 23.9%.
The exchange of highly iodinated thyroglobulin molecules for non-iodinated ones is one of the two in vivo mechanisms suggested so far which can lead to an apparent dissociation of thyroglobulin iodination and couling efficiency.
The effect of cyproterone acetate on pituitary-ovarian function and clinical symptoms in hirsute women
Authors: Lunell Nils-Olov , Zador Göran , Carlström Kjell , Eneroth Peter , Patek Eva , Wager Jan 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Ten hirsute women in fertile age were given 50 mg cyproterone acetate (CA) on day 5–14 and 50 μg ethinyl oestradiol (EE2) on day 5–21 except during the first treatment cycle when EE2 was given on day 15–21. The treatment lasted for 12 months. Clinical examination and hormone analysis were undertaken every third month. LRH tests were performed prior to treatment with CA in late follicular phase and after one week of administration of the drug. Subjective improvement of hypertrichosis was reported in 7 women, objectively a significant decrease in hair scores was observed. Shortterm effects of CA alone included significantly decreased serum levels of oestrogens while FSH, LH, 4-androstene-3,17-dione and testosterone remained unaffected. Longterm administration of CA and EE2 resulted in significantly decreased serum levels of FSH, LH and oestrogens whereas 4-androstene-3,17-dione and testosterone were not affected. The gonadotrophin response to LRH did not reveal any significant difference before and after treatment. 4-Androstene-3,17-dione and testosterone did not change during the LRH tests but increased levels of oestrogens were observed at the end of the test during the CA treatment.
Since CA alone causes decreased oestrogen levels without any suppression of the basal gonadotrohin levels, it is speculated that CA directly affects the ovarian steroid biosynthesis. On the other hand the adrenal androgens seem to be unaffected by the drug.
Alteration of free hCG subunits secretions in ectopic pregnancy
Authors: L'Hermite-Balériaux M. , Van Exter C. , Deville J. L. , Gaspard U. , Hechtermans R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Intact hCG and free α and β hCG subunits were simultaneously measured by specific radioimmunoassays in blood samples from pregnant women with normal pregnancy (n = 87; control group) or with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy (n = 35) between 5 and 14 weeks. Since the lower 95% confidence limit of the hCG levels encountered in normal pregnancies was at 1200 ng/ml, the pathological group has been subdivided in 2 subgroups: A (n = 17) if hCG was greater and B (n = 18) if hCG was lower than this limit.
In subgroup A, mean hCG and β hCG were significantly lower than in the control group in contrast to a tendency to secrete and/or release more α hCG, as reflected by a significantly increased ratio of α hCG/hCG. Thus, the ectopically implanted trophoblast, even when able to produce normal amounts of hCG, undergoes an impairment of its ability to synthesize and/or release free β hCG but not free α hCG, of which the synthesis and/or release appears to become even enhanced.
In subgroup B, mean hCG, α hCG and β hCG levels were all dramatically suppressed but there was surprisingly less alteration of the synthesis and/or release of free β hCG.
These alterations of the relative secretions of the free hCG subunits, compared to those occurring for various glycoproteic hormones in pathological circumstances, reflect probably early alterations of the trophoblast.
Hypothalamic and pituitary cytosol receptors to 5α-dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol-17β during the prepubertal period in the male lamb
Authors: Pelletier J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Hypothalamic and pituitary cytosol receptors to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oestradiol-17β (E2) were measured in the male lamb from 9 to 120 days of age, 24 h after castration. Concentrations of pituitary receptors did not change with age, but the total number of receptors and the pituitary weight showed a parallel increase (P < 0.001). Conversely, there were no marked changes in the total number of hypothalamic receptors but this number was high as early as 9 days of age, 42.4 and 80.0 fmol/hypothalamus for DHT and E2, respectively. These data suggest that the number of hypothalamic and pituitary cytosol receptors to DHT and E2, is not a critical parameter in the succession of events which precedes puberty.
Plasma insulin and C-peptide in relation to glucose intolerance in middle-aged men
Authors: Malmquist Jörgen , Lindgärde Folke , Eriksson Karl-Fredrik , Johansson Elisabet 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The relation between glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion (immunoreactive insulin and C-peptide) was studied in middle-aged males matched for age and body weight. Subjects with mild type II diabetes mellitus were compared to normals and to individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). In addition, the diabetics were subdivided according to duration, some of the subjects having recently deteriorated from IGT status.
In the IGT individuals, there were no indications of a reduction in basal or glucose-induced insulin output. On the contrary, data indicate somewhat higher than normal secretion. Within the type II diabetics, those of short duration were largely similar to normals, whereas diabetes of longer duration was associated with some diminution in indices of B cell secretion.
The data support the notion that a deficient insulin output is not a primary pathophysiological event in the development of type II diabetes.
Pattern of plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17β, luteinizing hormone and androgen in non-pregnant buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Arora R. C. , Pandey R. S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Domestic buffaloes were used to characterize the pattern of progesterone, oestradiol-17β, LH and androgen in the systemic circulation following infertile insemination. Concentrations of hormones were measured by RIA in blood samples collected daily or at alternate days following insemination. The concentration of progesterone was lowest on the day of insemination, and increased significantly to a peak level of 4.00 ± 0.60 ng/ml by day 13 post insemination. After day 17, it declined significantly (P < 0.01) to reach low levels by day 21. The concentration of oestradiol-17β was high at the time of insemination and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 2 after insemination. It was maintained around the basal level till day 18 with minor peaks in between this period. It again rose significantly (P < 0.01) at subsequent oestrus. The mean level of LH was highest at the time of insemination, and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 1 post insemination. It did not vary appreciably till the animal returned to oestrus. The oestrous value of LH and progesterone were negatively correlated (r = −0.77). The androgen level was observed to be high at insemination in 3 out of 5 animals, but the overall pattern of this steroid was inconsistent during the period studied. A high concentration of androgen was recorded in all the animals from day 2–5 before the onset of oestrus.
Spontaneous development of hyperprolactinaemia
Authors: Rjosk Hanns-Kristian , Fahlbusch Rudolf , Werder Klaus von 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Spontaneous development of hyperprolactinaemia was investigated by measuring prolactin levels in 34 hyperprolactinaemic females with a normal sella turcica, in 19 females with a radiologically proven prolactinoma, and in 19 females with a histologically proven prolactinoma after transsphenoidal surgery. Prolactin levels remained unchanged or declined in 69 patients followed over a period of up to 6 years. In one patient with a normal sella turcica, prolactin levels increased accompanied by the development of a radiologically detectable microprolactinoma. In one patient with a radiologically proven macroprolactinoma the increase of human prolactin (hPrl) levels was accompanied by infiltrative and parasellar prolactinoma growth. One patient showed a dramatic increase of post-operative persisting elevated hPrl levels without radiological changes. These findings suggest that prolactinomas in general have a limited growth potential which should be considered in the management of hyperprolactinaemic patients.
Influence of pregnancies on prolactinomas
Authors: Rjosk Hanns-Kristian , Fahlbusch Rudolf , von Werder Klaus 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Hyperprolactinaemic patients desiring pregnancy with a normal sella turcica or radiological evidence for a microprolactinoma without suprasellar extension were treated with bromocriptine. Females desiring pregnancy with large adenomas or suprasellar extension were treated by transsphenoidal surgery and in most instances post-operatively with bromocriptine. This differentiated management allowed the outcome of 65 pregnancies with delivery at term without complications related to the sella turcica.
Considerable variations of prolactin levels during pregnancy suggesting different oestrogen sensitivity of the prolactinoma cells were encountered. However, a rapid fall of the prolactin levels in 60 patients after termination of pregnancy indicated that oestrogen stimulation does not cause persisting growth of the adenoma. In contrast, in 10% of pregnancies of hyperprolactinaemic patients a reduction of the prolactin levels has been observed leading to spontaneous ovulatory cycles in 5 patients.
Effect of anorexia nervosa on gonadotrophin secretion in a patient with gonadal dysgenesis
Authors: Kauli Rivka , Gurewitz Rachel , Galazer Avinoam , Prager-Lewin Ruth , Gil-Ad Irit , Laron Zvi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The 11th documented concurrence of anorexia nervosa (AN) and XO-gonadal dysgenesis (GD) is reported. This is the first endocrine study of such a disease combination. The patient, a 15-year-old girl, has been followed since early childhood and comprehensive endocrinological investigations were performed before, during and after the episode of AN. The dynamic changes in the thyroid and pituitary hormones were in concordance with those already observed by us as well as by others in patients with AN. The most remarkable observation concerned the gonadotrophin secretion: during the anorectic episode basal levels and peak responses to LRH of both LH and FSH were seen to decrease from the hypergonadotrophic range to the normal prepubertal range whereas after recovery from AN and regain of weight these rose back to castration levels. AN would seem to be the only condition yet known able to abolish temporarily the hypergonadotrophic state of GD, a fact favouring the hypothesis that AN is associated with a reversible hypothalamic dysfunction. It is assumed that this disturbance is due to nutritional as well as to psychological factors. The significance of the coexistence of AN and GD is discussed and it is suggested that psychological factors in GD may be implicated in this association.
The presence of a high concentration of thyroxine in thyroid epithelial cells
Authors: Kawada Jun , Nishida Mikio , Yoshimura Yoshiyuki , Yamamoto Tomoko 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Swine thyroid epithelial cells were isolated and the intracellular concentration of thyroxine was measured by radioimmunoassay and high pressure liquid chromatography.
The estimated concentrations of intracellular thyroxine were 1.89 × 10−8 μg/cell by radioimmunoassay, and 0.708 × 10−8 μg/cell by high pressure liquid chromatography, which were equivalent to 4.39 × 10−5 m and 1.78 × 10−5 m, respectively. These levels were about a thousand-fold higher than that in the circulation (3.18 ± 0.59 μg/dl, 3.98 × 10−8 m).
Parathyroid hormone bioassay using human kidney cortical cells in primary culture
Authors: Zonefrati Roberto , Brandi Maria Luisa , Rotella Carlo M. , Selli Cesare , Toccafondi Roberto 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The biological activity of parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been investigated by measuring intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in human kidney cortical cultures. Enzyme dispersed cortical cells from non-invaded kidney poles of patients undergoing nephrectomy for cancer were used after 5 days of primary culture. Bovine PTH (1–84) produced a significant increase of cAMP accumulation in cultured cells at a dose (53.7 ng/ml) 10-fold lower than that found for the minimal stimulatory effect when using preparations of human purified plasma membranes. The action of bovine PTH (1–84) was very rapid, a response was detected after 5 min and a ceiling effect after 30 min. Cortical cells showed a slightly lower sensitivity to synthetic bovine PTH (1–34) (half maximal increase dose: 0.66 μg/ml), compared to bovine PTH (1–84) (half maximal increase dose: 0.32 μg/ml), but revealed a higher sensitivity to human PTH purified from the medium of parathyroid cell cultures (half maximal increase dose: 11.2 ng/ml). Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) also increased the cAMP accumulation of kidney cortical cultured cells, with a potency and efficacy lower than that of human 'culture' PTH, while in kidney medullary cells in primary culture AVP exerted a strong response and the effect of PTH was poor or absent. Calcitonin and glucagon were weak stimulators of kidney cortical cell cAMP accumulation.
Oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the involuting rat uterus
Authors: Geyer H. , de Gregorio G. , Lernbecher G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The concentrations of cytoplasmic oestrogen and progesterone receptors were measured in rat myometrium during the post partum involution of the uterus. The concentration of the oestrogen receptor declined within 24 h post partum to about 20% of the value at delivery. A slight rise in the concentration occurred during the subsequent 24 h. The concentration of the progesterone receptor remained nearly constant the first day after delivery. Thereafter it decreased just as the concentration of the oestrogen receptor had fallen one day before.
The results suggest that the post partum levels of oestrogen and progesterone receptors are regulated by the same mechanisms as those known for the non-pregnant state.
Effects of the antioestrogen tamoxifen on steroid induced morphological and biochemical changes in the castrated dog prostate
Authors: Funke P.-J. , Tunn U. W. , Senge Th. , Neumann F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effect of the antioestrogen tamoxifen (TA) was investigated in different types of steroid-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the castrated dog by histological, histochemical and biochemical analysis. A 6 months treatment with oestradiol-17β (E2) alone resulted in cystic and stromal hyperplasia and squamous epithelial metaplasia with a striking prostatic weight increase. DNA and RNA content of the total glands increased significantly. The histochemical results and zinc values indicated the loss of normal epithelial function due to metaplatic transformation. The E2 induced cystic and metaplastic hyperplasia was prevented by TA while the stromal proliferation was significantly decreased but not abolished. Biochemical determinations revealed an effect similar to castration. After combined treatment with E2 and 3α-androstanediol (3α-diol) TA completely suppressed squamous metaplasia. A 3α-diol induced glandular proliferation, monitored by a positive histochemical reaction, and significantly elevated zinc, DNA and RNA contents prevailed. A partial stromal stimulation indicates stimulating effects of 3α-diol too on the stroma. The antioestrogenic effects of tamoxifen on experimentally induced BPH mainly manifest at the E2 induced epithelial alterations. The abolishing effects at the stromal level are distinct but not so impressive.