bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the initiation of precipitating convection in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bennett Lindsay J. , Browning Keith A. , Blyth Alan M. , Parker Douglas J. , Clark Peter A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractRecent severe weather events have prompted the European scientific community to assess the current understanding of convective processes with a view to more detailed and accurate forecasting. The initial development of convective cells remains one of the least understood aspects and one in which limited research has taken place. The important processes can be split into three main areas: boundary‐layer forcing, upper‐level forcing and secondary generation. This paper is a review of the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of precipitating convection in the United Kingdom; i.e. why convective clouds form and develop into precipitating clouds in a particular location.The topography of the United Kingdom has a large influence on the initiation of convection. Boundary‐layer forcings determine the specific location where convection is triggered within larger regions of potential instability. These latter regions are created by mesoscale or synoptic‐scale features at a higher level such as dry intrusions and mesoscale vortices. Second‐generation cells are those formed by the interaction of outflow from convective clouds with the surrounding environmental air. Large, long‐lived thunderstorm complexes can develop when new cells are repeatedly triggered on one side of the system. Current and future field campaigns along with the development of high‐resolution modelling will enable these processes to be investigated in more detail than has previously been achieved. © Royal Meteorological Society, 2006. Contributions by P. A. Clark and M. E. B. Gray are Crown Copyright.
Blind drunk: the effects of alcohol on inattentional blindness
Authors: Clifasefi Seema L. , Takarangi Melanie K. T. , Bergman Jonah S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAlcohol consumption is a major contributor to road accidents. While it is likely that perceptual processing deficits contribute to poorer driving performance among intoxicated individuals, we know little about alcohol's role in particular perceptual processes. For instance, we know that even sober individuals can fail to detect unexpected salient objects that appear in their visual fields, a phenomenon known as inattentional blindness (IB; Mack & Rock, 1998). We were interested in whether these visual errors become more or less likely when subjects are under the influence of alcohol or just think that they are drunk. We told half our subjects that they had received alcohol, and half that they had received a placebo. This information was either true or false. Intoxicated subjects (regardless of what they were told) were more likely to show ‘blindness’ to an unexpected object in their visual field. This finding has practical implications for human performance issues such as driving and eyewitness memory, and theoretical implications for visual cognition. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breaks and task switches in prospective memory
Authors: Finstad Kraig , Bink Martin , McDaniel Mark , Einstein Gilles O. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBased on research showing that easing task demands improves prospective memory, we examined the effects of breaks and task switches on prospective memory. The first experiment suggested that people tend not to take advantage of breaks to improve prospective memory unless specifically instructed to do so. The next two experiments showed that both breaks and task switches interfered with prospective memory. The results indicate that work settings with frequent breaks and task switches may be especially susceptible to prospective memory failure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small Molecule Modulators of Transcription
Authors: Arndt Hans‐Dieter 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSignal transduction cascades ultimately trigger transcriptional programs that are executed by transcription factors interacting with coactivator or corepressor proteins in large multi‐protein complexes. Despite the difficulties associated with discovering and verifying potent antagonists (or agonists) of protein–protein interaction events, several small molecules have been identified within the last few years that modulate transcription by directly interacting with transcriptional proteins. Some of these small molecules display surprising selectivity and some even show efficacy in vivo. This review summarizes the current status in this developing field to illustrate the emerging opportunities in the chemical biology of transcription.
Gene Delivery by Aminofullerenes: Structural Requirements for Efficient Transfection
Authors: Isobe Hiroyuki , Nakanishi Waka , Tomita Naoki , Jinno Shigeki , Okayama Hiroto , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA series of aminofullerenes that share a common structural motif have been synthesized and subjected to a systematic investigation of structure activity relationship regarding their ability for transient transfection and cytotoxicity. DNA‐binding tests indicated that any water‐soluble fullerene‐bearing amino group would bind to double‐stranded DNA. For these molecules to be effective transfection reagents, however, they require additional structural features. First, the molecule must be capable of producing submicrometer‐sized fullerene/DNA aggregates that can be internalized into mammalian cells through endocytosis. Second, the molecule must be capable of releasing DNA as the aggregates are transferred into the cytoplasm. This can be achieved in at least two ways: by loss of the DNA‐binding amino groups from the fullerene core, and by transformation of the amino groups to neutral groups such as amides. The screening experiments led us to identify the best reagent, a tetrapiperidinofullerene, that can be synthesized in two steps from fullerene, piperazine, and molecular oxygen, and that is more efficient at transfection than a commonly used lipid‐based transfection reagent.
Second‐Generation Total Synthesis of Azaspiracids‐1, ‐2, and ‐3
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Frederick Michael O. , Loizidou Eriketi Z. , Petrovic Goran , Cole Kevin P. , Koftis Theocharis V. , Yamada Yoichi M. A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe naturally occurring but scarce marine neurotoxins azaspiracids‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 have been synthesized from five key building blocks by a convergent strategy that involved dithiane and Stille coupling reactions. The ABCD fragments were constructed through a cascade reaction involving deprotection/self‐assembly of the precursors, while the FGHI fragment was forged by a neodymium triflate‐induced cyclization. The final ring closure (ring G) was achieved, after the union of all fragments, through an iodoetherification reaction followed by reductive removal of the facilitating iodine residue. These improved, second‐generation routes confirm the absolute structures and render all three azaspiracids readily available for biological studies.
Successful anticoagulation with bivalirudin in antithrombin‐deficient pediatric patient undergoing stent placement
Authors: Zamora Rolando 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMany pediatric patients requiring anticoagulation during interventional heart catheterizations have antithrombin (AT) deficiency. AT is a necessary cofactor for heparin inhibition of thrombin. Without sufficient AT, these patients are at increased risk for thrombotic complications. This case describes the successful use of bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor, as an anticoagulant in a 2‐month old infant with AT deficiency undergoing stent placement. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Palladium‐Catalyzed DYKAT of Butadiene Monoepoxide: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐DMDP, (−)‐Bulgecinine, and (+)‐Broussonetine G
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Horne Daniel B. , Woltering Michael J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPalladium catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction of an amine with two equivalents of butadiene monoxide allows for the expedient synthesis of trans‐ and cis‐2,5‐dihydropyrroles. The versatility of these chiral synthons towards the synthesis of a wide variety of iminosugar natural products was demonstrated with the short and high yielding asymmetric syntheses of (+)‐DMDP, and (−)‐bulgecinine. In addition, the first total synthesis of (+)‐broussonetine G, a potent glycosidase inhibitor, is described along with the assignment of its relative and absolute stereochemical configuration.
Synthesis of Cyclopropane Derivatives Starting from the Baylis—Hillman Adducts Using Sulfur Ylide Chemistry.
Authors: Lee Ka Young , Kim Seung Chan , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterogeneous Heck Reaction Catalyzed by Recyclable Polymer‐Supported N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Palladium Complex.
Authors: Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza , Kim Jong‐Ho , Lee Yoon‐Sik 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Efficient Method for the Total Synthesis of Linear Furocoumarins
Authors: Zhang Bang‐Le , Wang Fang‐Dao , Yue Jian‐Min 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New 1‐Substituted‐3‐pyrrolyl Aminocarbonyl/Oxadiazolyl/Triazolyl/5‐Methoxy‐2‐methylindoles and Benz[g]indoles.
Authors: Donawade Dundappa S. , Raghu A. V. , Gadaginamath Guru S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Properties of 7‐Acetyl‐8‐aryl‐9‐cyano‐3‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H,8H‐pyrido [2,1‐b][1,3]thiazines.
Authors: Krauze A. , Sile L. , Danne R. , Duburs G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bisrubescensins A—C: Thee New Dimeric ent‐Kauranoids Isolated from Isodon rubescens.
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Xiong , Xiao Wei‐Lie , Li Li‐Mei , Li Sheng‐Hong , Zhou Yan , Ding Li‐Sheng , Lou Li‐Guang , Sun Han‐Dong 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure and Dynamics of the [Zn(NH3)(H2O)5]2+ Complex in Aqueous Solution Obtained by an ab initio QM/MM Molecular Dynamics Study.
Authors: Fatmi M. Qaiser , Hofer Thomas S. , Randolf Bernhard R. , Rode Bernd M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Short‐ and Medium‐Range Order in Sodium Aluminophosphate Glasses: New Insights from High‐Resolution Dipolar Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy.
Authors: Zhang Long , Eckert Hellmut 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydroperoxide Oxidation of Different Organic Compounds Catalyzed by Silica‐Supported Selenenamide.
Authors: Giurg M. , Brzaszcz M. , Mlochowski J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The First Synthesis of Cyclopropanone Acetals from the Reaction of Fischer Carbene Complexes with Ketene Acetals.
Authors: Wang Siu Ling B. , Goldberg Daniel R. , Liu Xuejun , Su Jing , Zheng Qi‐Huang , Liptak Vincent , Wulff William D. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Conversion of Styrene Derivatives to Acetals: Impact of (‐)‐Sparteine on Regioselectivity.
Authors: Balija Amy M. , Stowers Kara J. , Schultz Mitchell J. , Sigman Matthew S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Phenylacetylene Catalyzed by Cyclopentadienyl Ruthenium Complexes.
Authors: Ye Suming , Leong Weng Kee 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ferrocenylmethylphosphines as Ligands for Room Temperature Ni(0)‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Arenesulfonates and Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Tang Zhen‐Yu , Spinella Stephen , Hu Qiao‐Sheng 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 1‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐phenylpropane‐1,3‐diones by Modified Baker—Venkataraman Transformation Using Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Lamba M. S. , Kumar Suresh , Makrandi J. K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Synthesis of N‐β‐Hydroxyethylaziridines by the Ring‐Opening Reaction of Epoxides with Aziridine Generated in situ.
Authors: Kim Ha Young , Talukdar Arindam , Cushman Mark 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Dihydroquinolinones Angularly‐Fused to Tetrahydrobenzazepinone Rings.
Authors: Overman Larry E. , Peterson Emily A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Steroidal Alkaloid Glycosides, Esculeosides C and D, from the Ripe Fruit of Cherry Tomato.
Authors: Ono Masateru , Takara Yuuki , Egami Masamichi , Uranaka Koichi , Yoshimitsu Hitoshi , Matsushita Sayaka , Fujiwara Yukio , Ikeda Tsuyoshi , Nohara Toshihiro 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cytotoxic Polyprenylated Xanthones from the Resin of Garcinia hanburyi.
Authors: Han Quan‐Bin , Wang Yu‐Lin , Yang Ling , Tso Ting‐Fai , Qiao Chun‐Feng , Song Jing‐Zheng , Xu Li‐Jia , Chen Shi‐Lin , Yang Da‐Jian , Xu Hong‐Xi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Inhibitors of Human Mitotic Kinesin Eg5: Characterization of the 4‐Phenyl‐tetrahydroisoquinoline Lead Series.
Authors: Tarby Christine M. , et al. et al. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Polyhydroxylated 4‐Thiaflavans as Multipotent Antioxidants: Protective Effect on Oxidative DNA Damage in vitro.
Authors: Lodovici Maura , Menichetti Stefano , Viglianisi Caterina , Caldini Silvia , Giuliani Elisa 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Magnetic Properties of Bismuth(III) Oxy Compounds
Authors: Kravchenko E. A. , Orlov V. G. , Shlykov M. P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An optically stimulated luminescence dated Middle to Late Pleistocene fluvial sequence from the western Solent Basin, southern England
Authors: Briant Rebecca M. , Bates Martin R. , Schwenninger Jean‐Luc , Wenban‐Smith Francis 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper presents numerical dating from a Middle to Late Pleistocene terrace deposit sequence in the Solent Basin, southern England. The sequence from the western part of the former Solent river system is one of the longest in Britain, with 18 mapped terrace aggradations. A set of 23 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates aim to provide dated tie‐points within the lower part of the sequence at five stratotype locations. These dates are replicated at single sites, providing age estimates for fewer members, but increasing the reliability for those members that have been dated. The results provide two reliably dated tie‐points within the sequence and suggest that (i) the lowest six terrace aggradations all postdate ca. 275 kyr (MIS 8), (ii) terraces may have aggraded during cold phases within the penultimate interglacial (MIS 7) and (iii) the interglacial deposits at Stone Point whose age has previously been contested are likely to be of Ipswichian (last interglacial, MIS 5e) age. These findings are compared to previous age models in the western Solent basin, with which they agree in part. They may suggest that fluvial activity in the Solent was particularly dynamic during MIS 7. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iterative orthogonal direction methods for Hermitian minimum norm solutions of two consistent matrix equations
Authors: Deng Yuan‐Bei , Bai Zhong‐Zhi , Gao Yong‐Hua 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe consistent conditions and the general expressions about the Hermitian solutions of the linear matrix equations AXB=C and (AX, XB)=(C, D) are studied in depth, where A, B, C and D are given matrices of suitable sizes. The Hermitian minimum F‐norm solutions are obtained for the matrix equations AXB=C and (AX, XB)=(C, D) by Moore–Penrose generalized inverse, respectively. For both matrix equations, we design iterative methods according to the fundamental idea of the classical conjugate direction method for the standard system of linear equations. Numerical results show that these iterative methods are feasible and effective in actual computations of the solutions of the above‐mentioned two matrix equations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immobilization of heterogeneous polydiacetylene supramolecules on SiC substrate for cyclodextrin sensors
Authors: Choi H. , Lee C. W. , Lee G. S. , Oh M. K. , Ahn D. J. , Kim J. , Kim J.‐M. , Ren F. , Pearton S. J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSelf‐assembled Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) with two different functional groups were successfully immobilized and chemisorbed on the surface of SiC substrates coated with thermally grown SiO2. Patterned PDAs on the surface of SiC with thermally grown SiO2 have shown selective response only to α‐CDs (cyclodextrins) and not to γ‐CDs through the manipulation of the outer structures of these PDAs. This shows the potential of integrating PDA‐based chemosensors with high temperature SiC microelectronics and MEMS systems. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Novel QSAR Model for Evaluating and Predicting the Inhibition Activity of Dipeptidyl Aspartyl Fluoromethylketones
Authors: Afantitis Antreas , Melagraki Georgia , Sarimveis Haralambos , Koutentis Panayiotis A. , Markopoulos John , Igglessi‐Markopoulou Olga 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA linear quantitative structure activity relationship model is obtained using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis as applied to a series of 49 dipeptidyl aspartyl fluoromethylketone derivatives with inhibitory activity of the caspase enzyme. For the selection of the best descriptors, the elimination selection stepwise regression method is utilized. The accuracy of the proposed MLR model is illustrated using the following evaluation techniques: cross validation, validation through an external test set, and Y‐randomization. Furthermore, the domain of applicability which indicates the area of reliable predictions is defined.
Psychological factors in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis: comparisons with non-patients and associations with symptoms
Authors: MORRISON ANTHONY P. , FRENCH PAUL , LEWIS SHÔN W. , ROBERTS MORWENNA , RAJA SHREETA , NEIL SANDRA T. , PARKER SOPHIE , GREEN JOANNE , KILCOMMONS AOIFFE , WALFORD LARA , BENTALL RICHARD P. 
Published: July 2006

Background. There have been recent advances in the ability to identify people at high risk of developing psychosis. This has led to interest in the possibility of preventing the development of psychosis and provides the opportunity to investigate psychological mechanisms that may confer vulnerability to psychosis.Method. Fifty-eight patients at ultra-high risk of developing a first episode of psychosis were compared with 56 non-patients matched for age and occupational status on measures of meta-cognition, schizotypal traits, dysfunctional attitudes and distress.Results. Analyses of covariance revealed that people at high risk of developing psychosis scored higher on measures of cognitive vulnerability, including negative meta-cognitive beliefs, beliefs about rejection and criticism from others, and discrepancies in self-perception, schizotypal traits and general mental distress. Correlational analyses revealed that negative meta-cognitive beliefs, dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs about rejection and criticism from others were positively associated with several dimensions of symptomatology in at-risk mental states (ARMS) patients.Conclusions. Cognitive and personality factors appear to characterize people at high-risk of developing psychosis and are associated with their distressing experiences. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.