bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditional diameter saturated graphs
Authors: Balbuena C. , García‐Vázquez P. , Marcote X. , Valenzuela J.C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe conditional diameter D𝒫(G) of a connected graph G is a measure of the maximum distance between two subsets of vertices satisfying a given property 𝒫 of interest. For any given integer k ≥ 1, a connected graph G is said to be conditional diameter k‐saturated if D𝒫(G) ≥ k and there does not exist any other connected graph G′ with order ∣V(G′)∣ = ∣V(G)∣, size ∣E(G′)∣ > ∣E(G)∣, and conditional diameter D𝒫(G′) ≥ k. In this article, we obtain such conditional diameter saturated graphs for a number of properties 𝒫, generalizing the results obtained in (Ore, J Combin Theory 5(1968), 75–81) for the (standard) diameter D(G). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
Approximation bounds for Black Hole Search problems
Authors: Klasing Ralf , Markou Euripides , Radzik Tomasz , Sarracco Fabiano 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA black hole is a highly harmful stationary process residing in a node of a network and destroying all mobile agents visiting the node without leaving any trace. The Black Hole Search is the task of locating all black holes in a network, through the exploration of its nodes by a set of mobile agents. In this article we consider the problem of designing the fastest Black Hole Search, given the map of the network, the starting node and a subset of nodes of the network initially known to be safe. We study the version of this problem that assumes that there is at most one black hole in the network and there are two agents, which move in synchronized steps. We prove that this problem is not polynomial‐time approximable within any constant factor less than$389 \over 388$(unlessP=NP). We give a 6‐approximation algorithm, thus improving on the 9.3‐approximation algorithm from (Czyzowicz et al., Fundamenta Informaticae 71 (2006), 229–242). We also prove APX‐hardness for a restricted version of the problem, in which only the starting node is initially known to be safe. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
Validity of the osu post‐traumatic stress disorder scale and the behavior assessment system for children self‐report of personality with child tornado survivors
Authors: Evans Linda Garner , Oehler‐Stinnett Judy 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTornadoes and other natural disasters can lead to anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children. This study provides further validity for the Oklahoma State University Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale–Child Form (OSU PTSDS‐CF) by comparing it to the Behavior Assessment System for Children Self‐Report of Personality (BASC‐SRP). Correlations were significant at 0.01 between BASC‐SRP scales of Anxiety, Atypicality, and Clinical Maladjustment, and at least 0.05 between OSU PTSDS‐CF scales for Social Stress, Depression, Inadequacy, and Emotional Symptoms Index (ESI). Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) yielded significant differences at 0.01 between children with and without PTSD, based on OSU PTSDS‐CF cut‐off scores, for BASC‐SRP Anxiety, Atypicality, and Clinical Maladjustment. ANOVAs were significant at 0.05 for Social Stress, Locus of Control, Relationship with Parents, and ESI. Results yielded moderate effect sizes, and BASC‐SRP means were within normal limits for all groups. Practitioners are encouraged to supplement the BASC‐SRP with PTSD measures in children who have experienced trauma. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strength‐based assessment of behavior competencies to distinguish students referred for disciplinary intervention from nonreferred peers
Authors: Albrecht Susan Fread , Braaten Sheldon 
Published: January 2008

AbstractEarly identification of the lack of behavioral competencies followed by subsequent intervention is critical to reducing the number of students at risk for increasing disciplinary responses and school failure. This study examined scores on the Behavior Objective Sequence (BOS) of elementary school students referred for out‐of‐classroom disciplinary intervention. The results of this study indicated a distinction between the BOS scores of students referred for disciplinary problems and the scores of students who were never referred. In addition, differences among demographic variables of the sample population were found. These findings provide initial data that support use of the BOS as a strength‐based assessment for identifying behavioral competencies of students who may be at risk for increasing rates of disciplinary referrals so skill‐focused intervention strategies may be implemented in a timely manner. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolutionary medicine: A meaningful connection between omics, disease, and treatment
Authors: Abu‐Asab Mones , Chaouchi Mohamed , Amri Hakima 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe evolutionary nature of diseases requires that their omics be analyzed by evolution‐compatible analytical tools such as parsimony phylogenetics in order to reveal common mutations and pathways' modifications. Since the heterogeneity of the omics data renders some analytical tools such as phenetic clustering and Bayesian likelihood inefficient, a parsimony phylogenetic paradigm seems to connect between the omics and medicine. It offers a seamless, dynamic, predictive, and multidimensional analytical approach that reveals biological classes, and disease ontogenies; its analysis can be translated into practice for early detection, diagnosis, biomarker identification, prognosis, and assessment of treatment. Parsimony phylogenetics identifies classes of specimens, the clades, by their shared derived expressions, the synapomorphies, which are also the potential biomarkers for the classes that they delimit. Synapomorphies are determined through polarity assessment (ancestralvs.derived) ofm/zor gene‐expression values and parsimony analysis; this process also permits intra and interplatform comparability and produces higher concordance between platforms. Furthermore, major trends in the data are also interpreted from the graphical representation of the data as a tree diagram termed cladogram; it depicts directionality of change, identifies the transitional patterns from healthy to diseased, and can be developed into a predictive tool for early detection.
Proteomic characterization of differentially expressed proteins in breast cancer: Expression of hnRNP H1, RKIP and GRP78 is strongly associated with HER‐2/neu status
Authors: Zhang Daohai , Tai Lee Kian , Wong Lee Lee , Putti Thomas C. , Sethi Sunil K. , Teh Ming , Koay Evelyn S. C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER‐2/neu) oncoprotein is overexpressed in about 30% of breast cancers and associates with metastatic phenotypes of breast tumours. Dissecting the HER‐2/neu‐modulated molecules in cancer will be helpful in elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms of HER‐2/neu‐driven tumourigenesis. We investigated the differential proteome profiles between microdissected HER‐2/neu‐positive and ‐negative tumours and unambiguously identified 21 proteins with diverse biological functions by peptide sequencing and NCBInr database interrogation. Six proteins were up‐regulated whereas 15 were down‐regulated in the HER‐2/neu‐positive tumours. Differential expressions of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNP H1), 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78/Bip) and Raf‐1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), which have not been previously reported as being linked to HER‐2/neu signalling, were further verified. Immunohistochemical staining on tissue microarray sections demonstrated a positive correlation of hnRNP H1 (p = 0.008) and negative correlations of GRP78 and RKIP (p = 0.018 and 0.013, respectively) with HER‐2/neu. Heregulin α1 enhanced hnRNP H1, but reduced GRP78 and RKIP expression in BT474 cells in a dose‐dependent manner, providing evidence of crosstalk between HER‐2/neu signalling and these modulators. Our studies have identified novel modulators that are likely to be intricately involved in HER‐2/neu‐driven tumour proliferation, invasion and metastasis.
Efficacy of the pear ester as a monitoring tool for codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New Zealand apple orchards
Authors: Mitchell Vanessa J , Manning Lee‐Anne , Cole Lyn , Suckling David M , El‐Sayed Ashraf M 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The behavioural response of both sexes of codling moth, Cydia pomonella to the pear‐derived kairomone (ethyl (2E,4Z)‐2,4‐decadienoate), codling moth sex pheromone (E,E‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol), and sex pheromone combined with the pear derived kairomone loaded into red rubber septum were investigated in trapping experiments in New Zealand apple orchards. A range of 0.01–10.0 mg of pheromone loading in rubber septum dispensers was tested and the highest catch of males was in traps baited with 1.0 mg. No dose response in trap catch of males was seen in traps baited with different amounts of pear‐derived kairomone (0.01–10.0 mg).RESULTS: The number of females caught was significantly affected by the amount of pear derived kairomone used to bait traps, with the highest catch obtained at 10 mg loading. The attractiveness of sex pheromone was not enhanced by the addition of the kairomone either when used in the same bait or in a separate bait. The mean number of males captured in traps was reduced by 44% when the pheromone and kairomone were combined at ratio of 1:1 (0.1 mg pheromone: 0.1 mg kairomone) in separate sources.CONCLUSION: Kairomone baited traps showed some potential for monitoring the flight activity of female C. pomonella in apple orchards in two locations (Canterbury and Hawke's Bay). However, the number of male moths caught was low as compared to the number of male moths caught in pheromone‐baited traps, and therefore the sex pheromone should continue to be used for monitoring male activity. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
A multitechnique study of archeological bronzes
Authors: Northover Peter , Crossley Alison , Grazioli Cesare , Zema Nicola , La Rosa Salvatore , Lozzi Luca , Picozzi Pietro , Paparazzo Ernesto 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe used XPS, X‐AES, synchrotron radiation‐induced total electron yield X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), synchrotron radiation‐induced photoelectron microscopy (PEM), and electron‐probe microanalysis (EPMA) techniques to explore the elemental and microchemical properties of two tin‐bronzes (denoted A and B) found at a necropolis located in Fossa (Abruzzo, Italy), and dating from the late ninth century B.C. EPMA shows that the bulk elemental composition of the two bronzes is very much alike as far as the leading metals are concerned, whereas the main differences are limited to the composition of trace elements (A is notably richer in Pb and much poorer in Co). PEM highlights lateral chemical inhomogeneities with a spatial resolution in the submicron range. X‐AES Cu L3 MM spectra show that the content of metallic copper is more abundant in the surface region of A than in B. XPS finds that the amount of carbon‐bearing species is about 40% more abundant in the former sample. A significant enrichment of metallic copper at the surface of the same bronze is confirmed by XAS Cu L2, 3 edge experiments. We interpret the ‘high’ carbon content found at the surface of bronze A as arising from intentional rubbing with organic substances, e.g. oil. The fact that the same bronze features a higher ‘metallization’ of surface copper suggests that such a procedure proved successful in minimizing the oxidation induced by the surroundings. We discuss the diagnostic potential of our multitechnique approach as a means for studying the surface chemistry of ancient metalwork. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing peptide–membrane interactions using AFM
Authors: Brasseur Robert , Deleu Magali , Mingeot‐Leclercq Marie‐Paule , Francius Grégory , Dufrêne Yves F. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) has become a powerful addition to the range of instruments available to probe the organization of lipid monolayers and bilayers. Currently, AFM is the only tool that can provide nanoscale topographic images of supported lipid membranes under physiological conditions, enabling researchers to resolve their detailed structure and to monitor their interaction with drugs, peptides and proteins. Here, we survey recent data obtained by our research groups that demonstrate the power of the technique for exploring peptide–membrane interactions, with an emphasis on microbial lipopeptides and on tilted peptides. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interfacial aspects of polymer brushes prepared on conductive substrates by aryl diazonium salt surface‐initiated ATRP
Authors: Nguyen Minh Ngoc , Matrab Tarik , Badre Chantal , Turmine Mireille , Chehimi Mohamed M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis article describes the use of aryl diazonium salts to attach halogenated functional groups that initiate atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at the surface of conductive substrates. The interest of this procedure lies in the fact that aryl diazonium salts permit the grafting of high‐density initiators within a few minutes of electrochemical surface treatment, and subsequently promote the growth of very compact polymer chains.Several brominated aryl groups were tested for surface‐initiating ATRP of styrene and methacrylates. The chemical structure of the polymer brushes was characterized by high‐resolution XPS. Particularly, it is shown that grafting of poly(tert‐butyl methacrylate), PtBMA, from the surface of glassy carbon plates followed by hydrolysis resulted in carboxylated, tethered chains that were characterized in terms of hydrophilicity and propensity to uptake silver cations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive tests for linked changes
Authors: Ahn C. , Seillier‐Moiseiwitsch F. , Koch G. G. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMutations may confer a survival advantage to an organism and they can also reduce their fitness. In particular, we are interested in identifying correlated changes in genomic sequences. We consider the general situation where the observed characters at two genomic positions are summarized by an r × c contingency table. The test statistic focusses on double departures from the consensus configuration. When the original data are aggregated into two possible categories at each position (consensus vs non‐consensus character), we obtain a 2 × 2 table to derive a test statistic that deals with the total number of double changes. Expected values and variances are predicted, under the assumption of independence, from table entries corresponding to single‐mutation events. In some situations, the resulting tests are more powerful than those previously proposed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precision of rate estimation under uniform interval censoring
Authors: Alexander Neal 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMedical events are often recorded not at their time of occurrence but rather at a subsequent examination. In survival analysis, this is called interval censoring. This paper presents a relationship between the sampling error of the estimated event rate and the number of examinations, which are assumed to be evenly spaced throughout the study. This relationship should help balance the cost of additional examination rounds against the precision gained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental design and interaction analysis of combination studies of drugs with log‐linear dose responses
Authors: Fang Hong‐Bin , Ross Douglas D. , Sausville Edward , Tan Ming 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDrug combination is a major treatment approach in cancer and antiviral therapies. A key issue is to find which combinations are additive, synergistic or antagonistic. In this paper, we develop statistical methods for experimental design and data analysis of combination studies of drugs that have log‐linear dose–response curves. This class of dose response includes the Hill, sigmoid and simple exponential models. The experimental design (dose‐finding and sample size determination) is derived by means of uniform measures that maximize the minimum power of the F‐test to detect any departures from additive action and at the same time minimizes the maximum bias due to lack of fit among all potential departures of a given meaningful magnitude. Furthermore, we propose a model‐free interaction index surface to capture the interaction of two drugs. The nonparametric function of the interaction index is estimated using the technique developed in thin plate splines. These methods are applicable to both in vivo and in vitro experiments. A study of two anticancer drugs, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (Vorinostat) and Etoposide applied sequentially against the cell line HL‐60, is given to illustrate the proposed methods of experimental design and interaction analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of log‐skew‐normal distribution in analysis of continuous data with a discrete component at zero
Authors: Chai High Seng , Bailey Kent R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe problem of analyzing a continuous variable with a discrete component is addressed within the framework of the mixture model proposed by Moulton and Halsey (Biometrics1995;51:1570–1578). The model can be generalized by the introduction of the log‐skew‐normal distribution for the continuous component, and the fit can be significantly improved by its use, while retaining the interpretation of regression parameter estimates. Simulation studies and application to a real data set are used for demonstration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of the Jak‐Stat pathway in chemokine‐mediated signaling in T lymphocytes
Authors: Soldevila Gloria , García‐Zepeda Eduardo A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemokines are low molecular weight soluble mediators that control leukocyte trafficking during lymphocyte homeostasis and inflammation. Chemokine‐mediated signaling is triggered upon chemokine binding to seven transmembrane G protein‐coupled receptors. Multiple signaling pathways are activated leading to cytoskeleton rearrangements, gene transcription and receptor internalization or degradation Among the signaling molecules involved in chemokine mediated signaling, the Jak‐Stat pathway has been shown to be activated very early after chemokine stimulation. There is growing evidence showing the involvement of particular Jaks and Stats, in chemokine receptor signaling both in cell lines and primary cells. Jak/Stat phosphorylation is detected soon after chemokine receptor dimerization or in response to chemokines. Also, pharmacological inhibition of Jaks, or the use of Jak deficient lymphocytes results in inhibition of chemokine‐mediated responses, such as chemotaxis or integrin‐mediated adhesion. This review summarizes the current data describing the involvement of the Jak‐Stat pathway in chemokine‐mediated signaling in T lymphocytes and discusses the potential crosstalk with other TCR and cytokine‐mediated signaling pathways.
Learners' perceptions of the role of peers in a research experience: Implications for the apprenticeship process, scientific inquiry, and collaborative work
Authors: Grindstaff Kelly , Richmond Gail 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis study investigates the interaction between four pairs of high school students in a 7‐week national research apprenticeship program. Each student was interviewed about perceptions of experiences working with a peer in the same setting, and the resulting stories were analyzed. Through discourse analysis of the interviews and interrelated analyses of data from journals and responses on pre‐ and postprogram questionnaires, three types of support were identified that students experienced to varying degrees: social–emotional, social–technical, and social–cognitive. It is concluded that social–cognitive support is best engendered if there is sufficient similarity of problems and processes, and ample room for different results and debate about interpretation. Additionally, the culture and reward system students work within (i.e., classrooms) must encourage discussion of ideas and value an outsider's perspective, in recognition of the roles creativity, uncertainty, and ambiguity play in science. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 251–271, 2008.
Wear mechanisms in deep drawing of carbon steel – correlation to laboratory testing
Authors: Gåård A. , Krakhmalev P. , Bergström J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn the present research, a comparison of worn surface morphologies and wear mechanisms observed for worn deep drawing dies and sheets from the automotive car body manufacturing and worn surfaces obtained by a slider‐on‐flat‐surface (SOFS) tribometer has been carried out. Abrasion and adhesion were identified as the main surface damage mechanisms on the investigated dies and sheets. Comparison of the results obtained in laboratory testing using the SOFS tribometer showed that the test method properly simulates the tribological conditions occurring in actual sheet metal forming operations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of different strategies to reduce fretting wear in thin steel roping wires
Authors: Urchegui M.A. , Hartelt M. , Wäsche R. , Gómez X. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAfter having checked in a previous study the influence of stroke and normal load in laboratory fretting tests accomplished with thin steel roping wires, in this paper the effect of the contact pressure (test configuration), environmental conditions (relative humidity) and reduction of the friction coefficient (lubricants) on the wear behaviour were analysed. The wires were 0.45 mm in diameter and the material was a cold‐drawn eutectoid carbon steel (0.8% C) with a Tensile Strength over 2800 MPa. The tests were performed on an oscillating test rig and the volumetric wear of both specimens of the tribocouple was determined separately from three‐dimensional topographies of the wear scars acquired by means of a confocal profiler, and a calculation algorithm developed in using MATLAB®. The strong effect of humidity and lubrication on wear behaviour was proved, whereas a slight effect of contact pressure was derived. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic imaging in terrestrial invertebrates: Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa), desert millipede (Orthoporus sp.), emperor scorpion (Pandinus imperator), Chilean rosehair tarantula (Grammostola spatulata), Mexican fireleg tarantula (Brachypelma boehmei), and Mexican redknee tarantula (Brachypelma smithi)
Authors: Davis Michelle R. , Gamble Kathryn C. , Matheson Jodi S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractLimited veterinary information is available for invertebrates. The purpose of this study was to improve baseline knowledge of invertebrate radiology and radiographic anatomy by evaluating diagnostic imaging modalities in six terrestrial invertebrate species. For each species, variably sized individuals were radiographed using multiple techniques to obtain optimal images, and radiographic technique charts were formulated using this data. To evaluate anatomy and compare gastrointestinal transit information among carnivores, omnivores, and herbivores, gastrointestinal contrast radiography was employed. Individuals were fed radiographic contrast media or contrast‐containing food items. Contrast radiography resulted in improved visualization of gastrointestinal anatomy in all species. Radiographic contrast media was visualized in gastrointestinal tracts in at least one individual of all taxa for greater than 60 days, substantially longer than expected. Survey and gastrointestinal contrast radiographs of cockroaches were superior to those studies in other species. Zoo Biol 27:109–125, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.