bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
At the controls: Politics and policy entrepreneurs in EU policy to decarbonize maritime transport
Authors: von Malmborg Fredrik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe recent adoption of the FuelEU Maritime regulation, aiming to decarbonize maritime shipping, is part of the EU clean energy transition to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Based on autoethnographic method and qualitative text analysis, applying the multiple streams framework as a theoretical lens, this article explores and explains the politics and the policy process of FuelEU Maritime. A policy window opened with adoption of the Paris Agreement on climate change in 2015, the slow progress on climate policies in the International Maritime Organization, and the subsequent adoption of the European Green Deal in 2019 and the new EU climate law in 2021. Diverging beliefs and narratives of policy entrepreneurs, policy makers, and stakeholders on problems to be addressed and different policy options to be implemented are analyzed. There were mainly two policy entrepreneurs, advocating different problem descriptions and policy options. The European Commission proposed a technology‐neutral, goal‐based approach to reach moderate emission reductions by 2050, while a coalition led by green mobility NGO Transport & Environment advocated a technology‐specific multiplier and subquota for zero‐carbon fuels to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. The article explains the agency of Transport & Environment and allies in influencing the European Parliament and several member states in the Council of the EU to stand the grounds against incumbent shipping and fossil fuel industry that influenced the Commission to present a down‐watered policy proposal. Finally, the article exemplifies the complexity of the second‐generation energy transition required for decarbonization compared to the first‐generation transformation focusing on renewable electricity.
Differences in running technique between runners with better and poorer running economy and lower and higher milage: An artificial neural network approach
Authors: Van Hooren Bas , Lennartz Rebecca , Cox Maartje , Hoitz Fabian , Plasqui Guy , Meijer Kenneth 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies investigated selected discrete sagittal‐plane outcomes (e.g., peak knee flexion) in relation to running economy, hereby discarding the potential relevance of running technique parameters during noninvestigated phases of the gait cycle and in other movement planes.PurposeInvestigate which components of running technique distinguish groups of runners with better and poorer economy and higher and lower weekly running distance using an artificial neural network (ANN) approach with layer‐wise relevance propagation.MethodsForty‐one participants (22 males and 19 females) ran at 2.78 m∙s−1 while three‐dimensional kinematics and gas exchange data were collected. Two groups were created that differed in running economy or weekly training distance. The three‐dimensional kinematic data were used as input to an ANN to predict group allocations. Layer‐wise relevance propagation was used to determine the relevance of three‐dimensional kinematics for group classification.ResultsThe ANN classified runners in the correct economy or distance group with accuracies of up to 62% and 71%, respectively. Knee, hip, and ankle flexion were most relevant to both classifications. Runners with poorer running economy showed higher knee flexion during swing, more hip flexion during early stance, and more ankle extension after toe‐off. Runners with higher running distance showed less trunk rotation during swing.ConclusionThe ANN accuracy was moderate when predicting whether runners had better, or poorer running economy, or had a higher or lower weekly training distance based on their running technique. The kinematic components that contributed the most to the classification may nevertheless inform future research and training.
Draft genome of
Microsporidia
sp. MB—a malaria-blocking microsporidian symbiont of the
Anopheles arabiensis
Authors: Ang'ang'o Lilian Mbaisi , Waweru Jacqueline Wahura , Makhulu Edward Edmond , Wairimu Anne , Otieno Fidel Gabriel , Onchuru Thomas , Tastan Bishop Özlem , Herren Jeremy Keith 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the draft whole-genome assembly of
Microsporidia
sp. MB
,
a symbiotic malaria-transmission-blocking microsporidian isolated from
Anopheles arabiensis
in Kenya. The whole-genome sequence of
Microsporidia
sp. MB has a length of 5,908,979 bp, 2,335 contigs, and an average GC content of 31.12%.
Study protocol for a Randomised controlled trial of EArly transjugular intrahepatiC porTosystemic stent–shunt in Acute Variceal Bleeding (REACT-AVB trial)
Authors: Tripathi Dhiraj , Patch David , Mehrzad Homoyon , Yu Dominic , Aspinall Richard J , Armstrong Matthew J , Stanley Adrian , Ireland Hamish , Travis Simon , Hayes Peter , Lomax Mandy , Roslund Nicholas , Lam Emily , Slinn Gemma , Jowett Sue , Moakes Catherine , Maher Alisha , Brettell Elizabeth , Sehmi Sukhwant 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionIn liver cirrhosis, acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is associated with a 1-year mortality rate of up to 40%. Data on early or pre-emptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent–shunt (TIPSS) in AVB is inconclusive and may not reflect current management strategies. Randomised controlled trial of EArly transjugular intrahepatiC porTosystemic stent–shunt in AVB (REACT-AVB) aims to investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of early TIPSS in patients with cirrhosis and AVB after initial bleeding control.Methods and analysisREACT-AVB is a multicentre, randomised controlled, open-label, superiority, two-arm, parallel-group trial with an internal pilot. The two interventions allocated randomly 1:1 are early TIPSS within 4 days of diagnostic endoscopy or secondary prophylaxis with endoscopic therapy in combination with non-selective beta blockers. Patients aged ≥18 years with cirrhosis and Child-Pugh Score 7–13 presenting with AVB with endoscopic haemostasis are eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome is transplant-free survival at 1 year post randomisation. Secondary endpoints include transplant-free survival at 6 weeks, rebleeding, serious adverse events, other complications of cirrhosis, Child-Pugh and Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores at 6 and 12 months, health-related quality of life, use of healthcare resources, cost-effectiveness and use of cross-over therapies. The sample size is 294 patients over a 4-year recruitment period, across 30 hospitals in the UK.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics committee of National Health Service has approved REACT-AVB (reference number: 23/WM/0085). The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. A lay summary will also be emailed or posted to participants before publication.Trial registration numberISRCTN85274829; protocol version 3.0, 1 July 2023.
Parents’ experience of children with acquired brain injury undergoing neurorehabilitation: a systematic review
Authors: Fernandes Marta , Rathinam Chandrasekar , Topping Anne Elizabeth 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThis systematic review aims to synthesise the qualitative evidence exploring parents’ experiences of children with acquired brain injury (ABI) undergoing neurorehabilitation during the first year post-injury.MethodsA systematic review of qualitative research was conducted using thematic synthesis with Thomas and Harden’s approach. The population, exposure and outcome model was used for the search strategy. The electronic databases Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched from 2009 to 2023. The review included qualitative and mixed-method studies published in English only. Grey literature was excluded. There were no geographical restrictions. Reporting within the review followed the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research guideline. The studies’ quality was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool.ResultsThree studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis, representing the experiences of 30 parents. The quality assessment showed that the three included studies met most quality indicators. Following thematic synthesis, four analytical themes were identified: school unpreparedness, parents as advocates and navigators, parents as monitors, and parents recognising the impact of ABI on their child. The reviewers proposed a group of recommendations for services reviewing their parental support.ConclusionThis review highlights some challenges parents of children diagnosed with ABI experience during their child’s neurorehabilitation journey. This review has suggested potential improvements that could be made in paediatric neurorehabilitation services when reviewing their parental support and care pathways. These will ultimately influence parents’ and children’s experience of paediatric neurorehabilitation services.
Microvascular disease, modifiable risk factor profiles and incident arrhythmias in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chen Guo-Chong , Nyarko Hukportie Daniel , Fan Wei-Dong , Lyu Jie-Qiong , Wang Hai-Peng , Qin Liqiang , Wu Xian-Bo , Li Fu-Rong 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundTo assess the roles of diabetic microvascular disease and modifiable risk factors and their combination in the development of arrhythmias.MethodsWe included participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were free of arrhythmias during recruitment in the UK Biobank study. The associations of microvascular disease states (defined by the presence of retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy or chronic kidney disease), four modifiable arrhythmic risk factors (body mass index, smoking, systolic blood pressure and glycosylated haemoglobin) and their joint associations with incident arrhythmias were examined.ResultsAmong the 25 632 participants with T2D, 1705 (20.1%) of the 8482 with microvascular disease and 2017 (11.8%) of the 17 150 without microvascular disease developed arrhythmias during a median follow-up of 12.3 years. Having any of the three microvascular diseases was associated with a 48% increase in the hazard of developing arrhythmias. Incorporating microvascular disease states into a model alongside 11 traditional risk factors significantly enhanced arrhythmia prediction. Furthermore, individuals with microvascular disease who had optimal levels of zero to one, two, three or four arrhythmic risk factors showed an HR of 2.05 (95% CI 1.85, 2.27), 1.67 (95% CI 1.53, 1.83), 1.35 (95% CI 1.22, 1.50) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.73, 1.13), respectively, compared with those without microvascular disease.ConclusionsAlthough microvascular disease, a non-traditional risk factor, was associated with incident arrhythmias in individuals with T2D, having optimal levels of risk factors may mitigate this risk.
School bullying prevention and intervention strategies in the United Arab Emirates: a scoping review
Authors: Al-Ketbi Alfan , Paulo Marilia Silva , Östlundh Linda , Elbarazi Iffat , Abu-Hamada Bayan , Elkonaisi Ismail , Al-Rifai Rami H. , Al Aleeli Sara , Grivna Michal 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionSchools in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) witnessed an increase of 7% in bullying prevalence since 2005. This review aimed to map antibullying interventions in the UAE.MethodsA systematic search was performed in five electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and Eric) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review. Studies addressing antibullying interventions and grey literature in the UAE from 2010 to 2021 were included. Interventions were mapped using distribution across key sectors, public health practice levels, and organisation types.ResultsOf the 2122 identified papers, only 2 were included. Both articles were published in 2019 and used qualitative methods. From the search of governmental and non-governmental websites, 22 multilevel interventions were included and presented on the three levels of public health practice across the different sectors and target stakeholders. Eight interventions were at the federal level, and six were by private stakeholders. The government funded 59% of all interventions. Four interventions addressed cyberbullying, and three used multisectoral collaboration.ConclusionsAlthough the UAE is building capacity for bullying prevention, we found limited knowledge of antibullying prevention efforts. Further studies are needed to assess current interventions, strategies and policies.
Greater glycemic control following low-load, high-repetition resistance exercise compared with moderate-intensity continuous exercise in males and females: a randomized control trial
Authors: Beaudry Kayleigh M. , Surdi Julian C. , Pancevski Kristian , Tremblay Cory , Devries Michaela C. 
Published: March 2024

Exercise has long been known for its beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity (IS) and glucose handling with both moderate-intensity continuous (MIC) exercise and resistance exercise (RE) inducing beneficial effects. In recent years, low-load, high-repetition (LLHR) RE has emerged as a strategy to increase muscle mass and strength to levels similar to traditional RE; however, the effects of LLHR RE on glucose handling has yet to be investigated. The purpose of this trial was to compare the acute effects of LLHR RE to MIC exercise on post-exercise glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in males and females. Twenty-four ( n = 12/sex) participants completed acute bouts of MIC exercise (30 min at 65% V̇O₂peak) and LLHR (3 circuits, 6 exercises/circuit, 25–35 repetitions/exercise/circuit) matched for time with muscle biopsies immediately pre and post exercise and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 90 min following exercise. Blood glucose concentrations ( p = 0.002, ηp 2 = 0.37), glucose AUC ( p = 0.002, ηp 2 = 0.35) and max glucose concentration ( p = 0.003, ηp 2 = 0.34) were lower during the post exercise OGTT following LLHR RE compared to MIC exercise. There was a main effect of trial on TBC1D1 Ser237 phosphorylation ( p = 0.04, ηp 2 = 0.19) such that it was greater following MIC exercise compared to LLHR RE. Furthermore, phosphorylated ACC Ser79 increased following MIC exercise with no change following LLHR RE ( p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.50). Phosphorylation of PTEN Ser380 was greater in males than females during LLHR RE ( p = 0.01, ηp 2 = 0.27). These findings suggest that LLHR RE is a feasible exercise modality to improve post-exercise glycemic control in both males and females. Trial registration number: NCT06217679.
Relationship between COVID-19 pandemic-related experienced stress and lifestyle habits among university students from Québec, Canada
Authors: Filiatrault Mathieu , Leblay Lise , Guay Valérie , Desmarais Chantal , Garnier Adèle , Larose Simon , Litalien David , Mercier Catherine , Saulais Laure , Drouin-Chartier Jean-Philippe 
Published: March 2024

Whether COVID-19-related experienced stress influenced lifestyle habits remains to be thoroughly evaluated among university students. This study examined the relationship between COVID-19-related experienced stress and subsequent lifestyle habits among undergraduate students. This cross-sectional study included 708 undergraduate students from Université Laval (Québec, Canada) participating in the Expériences Pandémiques (ExPan) cohort. Data on COVID-19-related experienced stress and lifestyle were self-reported using a questionnaire completed between February and April of 2022. A stress index (SI) was computed by summing scores associated with 31 situational statements related to the pandemic (e.g., not being able to see friends, dealing with job loss). A healthy lifestyle score (HLS) ranging from zero to seven was calculated based on seven lifestyle habits: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sleep quality, fruit and vegetable intake, tobacco and electronic cigarette use, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, and hard or sedative-hypnotic drugs use. In multivariable-adjusted models, a negative association between the SI and the HLS was found (β10% increment SI = −0.23, 95% CI = −0.30, −0.16 HLS point; P < 0.0001). The SI was also negatively associated with sleep quality, and fruit and vegetable consumption, while being positively associated with at-risk alcohol consumption, cannabis use, and hard or sedative-hypnotic drug use. Subgroup analyses suggested a negative relationship between the SI and HLS among participants who did not receive academic accommodations (e.g., additional time for evaluations, personal notetaker), but not those who received such accommodations. This study suggests that COVID-19-related experienced stress was negatively associated with healthy lifestyle habits in this cohort of undergraduate students.
On the symmetries of elementary fermions
Authors: Marsch Eckart , Narita Yasuhito 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper deals with the symmetries of elementary fermions and their derivation from fundamental physical principles such as the Lorentz invariance and from the spinor-helicity formalism employed to three-vectors. The generators of the Lorentz group are discussed, and the physics of the associated chiral spins is used to establish the chiral symmetry SU(2). The helicity of spin is defined which, when being applied to the hadronic isospin, yields the symmetry group SU(4). The Kronecker product of these two basic symmetries defines a unified symmetry $$SU(2) \otimes SU(4)$$

S
U
(
2
)
⊗
S
U
(
4
)

of the basic light fermions, namely the chiral doublets of the single lepton and triple quarks of the first family. Breaking this symmetry, according to mechanisms that are used in the electroweak interactions of the Standard Model (SM) of quantum field theory, yields quantum electrodynamics (QED) with symmetry group U(1), weak interactions with symmetry group SU(2), and what we like to name quantum hadrodynamics (QHD, akin to quantum chromodynamics QCD of the SM) with symmetry group SU(3). The gauge bosons associated with QED and QHD remain massless, but the weak bosons and the V bosons, related to the transformation of the quarks into a lepton and vice versa, become massive by the Higgs mechanism. Their masses are defined by the Higgs vacuum and the two coupling constants involved in the unified model. The V-boson mass is predicted to be 35.4 GeV. Furthermore, a possible explanation of hadron confinement is given in terms of the two hadronic charge operators. Moreover, the concept of hypercharge as used in the SM is not needed. Various versions of the extended Dirac equation that include the above symmetry groups are derived.
Improvements in Posttransplant Outcomes Over Two Decades in Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the EBMT ALWP Study
Authors: Bazarbachi Ali , Labopin Myriam , Moukalled Nour , Kröger Nicolaus , Rautenberg Christina , Schetelig Johannes , Finke Jürgen , Blau Igor Wolfgang , Blaise Didier , Stelljes Matthias , Eder Matthias , Platzbecker Uwe , Dreger Peter , Bethge Wolfgang , Tischer Johanna , Burns David , Sengeloev Henrik , Brissot Eolia , Giebel Sebastian , Nagler Arnon , Ciceri Fabio , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease of older patients. Progress in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) allowed the delivery of allo-HCT to older patients. We assessed changes over time in transplant characteristics and outcomes in patients with AML ages 65 years and above.

Patients and Methods:
We identified 7,215 patients with AML (median age 68 years, range 65–80) allografted between 2000 and 2021 in first complete remission (CR1; 64%), second or subsequent remission (CR2+; 14%), or active disease (22%).

Results:
Median follow-up was 40 months. The 3-year cumulative relapse incidence (RI) gradually and significantly decreased from 37% to 31%, then to 30% (P = 0.001) over the three time periods (2000–2009; 2010–2014; 2015–2021), whereas nonrelapse mortality (NRM) decreased from 31% and 31% to 27% (P = 0.003). The 3-year leukemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) gradually and significantly improved from 32% to 38%, and then to 44% (P = 0.001) and from 37% to 42%, and then to 49% (P = 0.001), respectively. In multivariate analysis, significant improvement in the RI, LFS, and OS were noted after 2015, whereas NRM was not significantly affected. This improvement was observed regardless of disease status at transplant.

Conclusions:
In older patients with AML, we observed an impressive improvement over time in posttransplant outcomes, mostly attributed to decreased RI rather than decreased NRM, and regardless of disease status at transplant. These large-scale, real-world data can serve as a benchmark for future studies in this setting and indicate that the opportunity for transplant for the elderly should be mandatory and no longer an option.
Abstract 1029: Role of PCDHGA12/PRRX1 methylation for the diagnosis of lung cancer using bronchial washing fluid
Authors: Son Ji Woong , Oh Tae Jeong , Lee Minheyok , Park Chang Ryul , An Sungwhan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bronchoscopy is a frequently used initial diagnostic procedure for patients with suspected lung cancer (LC). Cytological examinations of bronchial washing (BW) samples, obtained during bronchoscopy, often yield inconclusive results in the diagnosis of LC. Aberrant DNA methylation has previously been shown to be a useful biomarker for LC. DNA methylation analysis in BW specimens could serve as a valuable clinical adjunct to cytology. In this study, to identify potential methylation biomarkers for LC, methylation microarray analyses were performed on primary tumors and compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues of 13 patients with LC at various stages (I - IV). A stepwise validation process using bisulfite-pyrosequencing of cell lines and tissues identified six methylated genes (ADAMTS20, FOXC2, NKX2-5, OLIG3, PCDHGA12, and PRRX1) associated with LC. To assess methylation in BW samples, a highly sensitive and accurate 3-plex Linear Target Enrichment (LTE)-quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) in a single closed tube was developed. Clinical validation was performed using BW samples from patients with LC (n = 68) and non-LC (benign) (n = 33) and identified PCDHGA12 and PRRX1 methylation as the best performing marker combination for detecting LC. The 2-marker combination exhibited a sensitivity of 82.4% and a specificity of 87.9%, with an area under the curve of 0.891. Notably, its sensitivity was 100% for small cell LC. The 2-marker combination had a positive predictive value of 93.3% and a negative predictive value of 70.7%. Its sensitivity outperformed cytology. The methylation status of the 2-marker showed no correlation with gender, age or stage, but was associated with tumor location and histology. In conclusion, we identified PCDHGA12 and PRRX1 methylation as high potential biomarkers for LC diagnosis. This study shows that these biomarkers could be used as a diagnostic adjunct to cytology in the clinical practice for diagnosing LC in BW specimens.
Citation Format: Ji Woong Son, Tae Jeong Oh, Minheyok Lee, Chang Ryul Park, Sungwhan An. Role of PCDHGA12/PRRX1 methylation for the diagnosis of lung cancer using bronchial washing fluid [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1029.