bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biliverdin inhibits activation of NF‐κB: Reversal of inhibition by human biliverdin reductase
Authors: Gibbs Peter E.M. , Maines Mahin D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstracthBVR functions in the cell as a reductase and as a kinase. In the first capacity, it reduces biliverdin, the product of HO activity, to the effective intracellular antioxidant, bilirubin; as a dual‐specificity kinase (S/T/Y) it activates the MAPK and IGF/IRK receptor signal transduction pathways. NF‐κB and the MAPK pathway are activated by ROS, which results in the activation of stress‐inducible genes, including ho‐1. Presently, we report on the negative effect of biliverdin on NF‐κB activation and the converse effect of hBVR. Biliverdin, in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner, inhibited transcriptional activity of NF‐κB in HEK293A cells. Nuclear extracts from biliverdin‐treated cells show reduced DNA binding of NF‐κB in an electromobility shift assay, whereas extracts from cells treated with TNF‐α showed enhanced binding. Coimmunoprecipitation data show hBVR binds to the 65 kDa subunit of NF‐κB, and that this is dependent on activation by TNF‐α. Overexpression of hBVR enhanced both the basal and TNF‐α‐mediated activation of NF‐κB and also that of the NF‐κB‐activated iNOS gene. Also, overexpression of hBVR arrested the cell cycle in the G1/G0 phase and reduced the number of cells in S phase. Similar results were observed with MCF‐7 cells. Because of the Janus nature of NF‐κB activity in the cell and the inhibitory action of biliverdin, the present findings provide a foundation for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases and cancer that may be attained by preventing reduction of biliverdin. On the other hand, by increasing BVR levels beneficial functions of NF‐κB might be augmented. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hedgehog signaling pathway is inactive in colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Chatel Guillaume , Ganeff Corine , Boussif Naima , Delacroix Laurence , Briquet Alexandra , Nolens Gregory , Winkler Rosita 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays an important role in human development. Abnormal activation of this pathway has been observed in several types of human cancers, such as the upper gastro‐intestinal tract cancers. However, activation of the Hh pathway in colorectal cancers is controversial. We analyzed the expression of the main key members of the Hh pathway in 7 colon cancer cell lines in order to discover whether the pathway is constitutively active in these cells. We estimated the expression of SHH, IHH, PTCH, SMO, GLI1, GLI2, GLI3, SUFU and HHIP genes by RT‐PCR. Moreover, Hh ligand, Gli3 and Sufu protein levels were quantified by western blotting. None of the cell lines expressed the complete set of Hh pathway members. The ligands were absent from Colo320 and HCT116 cells, Smo from Colo205, HT29 and WiDr. GLI1 gene was not expressed in SW480 cells nor were GLI2/GLI3 in Colo205 or Caco‐2 cells. Furthermore the repressive form of Gli3, characteristic of an inactive pathway, was detected in SW480 and Colo320 cells. Finally treatment of colon cancer cells with cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of the Hh pathway, did not downregulate PTCH and GLI1 genes expression in the colorectal cells, whereas it did so in PANC1 control cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the aberrant activation of the Hh signaling pathway is not common in colorectal cancer cell lines. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proliferative capacity and osteogenic potential of novel dura mater stem cells on poly‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid
Authors: Petrie Caren , Tholpady Sunil , Ogle Roy , Botchwey Edward 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe rational design of biomimetic structures for the regeneration of damaged or missing tissue is a fundamental principle of tissue engineering. Multiple variables must be optimized, ranging from the scaffold type to the selection and properties of implanted cell(s). In this study, the osteogenic potential of a novel stem cell was analyzed on biodegradable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) biomaterials as a step toward creating new cell‐materials constructs for bony regeneration. Dura mater stem cells (DSCs), isolated from rat dura mater, were evaluated and compared to bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) for proliferative and differentiative properties in vitro. Experiments were carried out on both tissue culture plastic (TCP) and 2D planar films of PLGA. Proliferation of DSCs on both TCP and PLGA films increased over 21 days. Positive fold inductions in all five bone marker genes were observed at days 7, 14, 21 in all experimental samples compared with day 0 controls. DSCs demonstrated greater cell coverage and enhanced matrix staining on 2D PLGA films when compared with BMSCs. These cells can be isolated and expanded in culture and can subsequently attach, proliferate, and differentiate on both TCP and PLGA films to a greater extent than BMSCs. This suggests that DSCs are promising for cell‐based bone tissue engineering therapies, particularly those applications involving regeneration of cranial bones. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
β‐CaSiO3/β‐Ca3(PO4)2 composite materials for hard tissue repair: In vitro studies
Authors: Ni Siyu , Lin Kaili , Chang Jiang , Chou Lee 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this study, a series of β‐CaSiO3 (CS)/β‐Ca3(PO4)2 (TCP) composites with different ratios were prepared to produce new bioactive and biodegradable biomaterials for potential bone repair. The mechanical properties of CS‐TCP composites increased steadily with the increase of TCP amounts in composites. Formation of bone‐like apatite on a range of CS‐TCP composites with CS weight percentage ranging from 0 to 100 has been investigated in simulated body fluid (SBF). The presence of bone‐like apatite layer on the composite surface after soaking in SBF was demonstrated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the apatite formation ability of the CS‐TCP composite was enhanced with increasing CS content in the composites. For composites with more than 50% CS contents, the samples were completely covered by a layer of dense bone‐like apatite just after 3 days immersion. Dissolution tests in Tris‐HCl buffer solution showed obvious differences with different CS contents in composites. The dissolution rate increased with the increase of CS content, which suggested that the solubility of biphasic composites could be tailored by adjusting the initial CS/TCP ratio. In vitro cell experiments showed that higher content of CS phase in composites promoted cell proliferation and differentiation. When the CS amount in the composite increased to 50%, the proliferation rate and ALP activities of osteoblast‐like cells showed significant difference compared with pure TCP (p < 0.05). Results of the study suggested that the CS‐TCP composites with more than 50% CS content might be promising bone repair materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Gonadal differentiation and hormonal sex reversal in arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
Authors: Chiasson Marcia , Benfey Tillmann J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a practical protocol for the production of female populations of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Achieving this required knowledge of the timing of gonadal differentiation. Undifferentiated gonads were observed microscopically to be present by 194°C‐days post‐hatch and definitive germ cells by 346°C‐days post‐hatch, where “°C‐days” denote acquired thermal units calculated as the product of temperature and days. Some of the gonads had developed a lumen by 510°C‐days post‐hatch, and by 681°C‐days post‐hatch anatomical divergence into two types of gonads was clear. Two protocols (immersion and feeding) were tested for hormonal sex reversal of genotypic females using the synthetic androgen 17α‐methyldihydrotestosterone (MDHT). Six‐hour MDHT immersions (0.5, 1, 3, 5 and 10 mg/L) were carried out weekly from hatch to first feeding (140°C‐days post‐hatch), whereas daily feeding treatments (0.5 mg/kg) went from 140 to 600°C‐days post‐hatch. The sex ratios of all immersion experimental groups were significantly different from the control, with the proportion of presumptive males increasing as MDHT concentration increased. The highest immersion treatment, 10 mg/L, yielded a population of 90% presumptive males and 10% with atypical gonads. However, the most effective treatment, yielding a population of 90% presumptive males and no fish with atypical gonads, was the feeding treatment. Given that female salmonid fishes are homogametic, sex‐reversed (masculinized) genotypic females produced in this way can serve as broodstock for the creation of all‐female charr populations for aquaculture. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:527–534, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterochrony and the development of the escape response: prehatching movements in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Gibb Alice C. , Liu Corina , Swanson Brook O. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTeleost fishes produce coordinated escape responses (C‐starts) at hatching. This implies that essential swimming morphologies and motor behaviors develop during the incubation interval while the embryo is in the chorion. We examined prehatching motor behaviors in rainbow trout Oncorhycus mykiss (considered morphologically mature at hatching) and compared this species with zebrafish Danio rerio (considered morphologically immature) and assessed two hypotheses concerning the development of escape behavior. (1) Escape behavior is associated with the formation of key elements of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems; thus, the escape response appears early in ontogeny, when these elements form. (2) Escape behavior is not directly associated with the formation of underlying morphological elements; instead, it appears at hatching (i.e. when needed). We find that rainbow trout, like zebrafish, respond to touch early in the incubation interval, but do not demonstrate a complete C‐start (including the second, propulsive stage) until shortly before hatching. At hatching, rainbow trout and zebrafish are similar in the degree of development of the chondocranium, paired fins and visceral arches (which comprise the larval jaw and gill support); however, rainbow trout have incipient rays in their unpaired fins (dorsal, anal and caudal), whereas zebrafish retain the embryonic fin fold. Although rainbow trout are more mature in axial swimming morphology at hatching, the essential neural and musculoskeletal systems that produce a coordinated escape response are functional at hatching in both species. This finding supports the evolutionary hypothesis that an effective escape response is critical for the survival of newly hatched teleost fishes. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:556–567, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of an anonymous system to report medical errors in pediatric inpatients
Authors: Taylor James A. , Brownstein Dena , Klein Eileen J. , Strandjord Thomas P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOBJECTIVETo compare reports of medical errors in hospitalized children submitted using an electronic, anonymous reporting system with those submitted via traditional incident reports.STUDY DESIGNDuring the 3‐month study period in 2003, reports of medical errors from 2 units at a large children's hospital were made using an electronic, anonymous system. Three reviewers independently evaluated each report and determined whether the events described constituted a medical error. An identical procedure was used to categorize medical error data collected via incident reports from the 2 study units from 1999 to 2002.RESULTSA total of 146 reports were made using the anonymous system, 131 of which documented medical errors. The rate of reporting medical errors with the anonymous system was 2.41/100 patient‐days. The rate of reporting medical errors via incident reports in 1999‐2002 was 2.40/100 patient‐days. However, 33.8% of all incident reports dealt with mislabeled laboratory specimens; after excluding these reports, the rate of medical errors documented via incident reports was 1.56/100 patient‐days. The rate of reporting was significantly higher with the anonymous system (rate ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval 1.26, 1.90). With the anonymous system, 25.2% of reported medical errors were near‐misses compared with 12.6% of the errors reported with the incident report system (P = .001).CONCLUSIONSImplementation of the anonymous reporting system with training was associated with a statistically significant increase in the rate of reported medical errors. The reporting of near‐miss events was significantly increased, suggesting this may be a useful format for gathering data on this type of medical error. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:226–233. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Analyte solvent and injection volume as variables affecting method development in semipreparative reversed‐phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Kozlowski Edward S. , Dalterio Richard A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAnalyte solvent and injection volume were examined as parameters that affect peak elution during method development for semipreparative RP HPLC purification. Analytical and semipreparative scale HPLC with gradient elution were used to analyze a mixture of three standard compounds with significantly different retention factors (k). This mixture was analyzed after (i) dissolution in solvents of varied compositions, and (ii) with progressively larger injection volumes. As analyte solvent composition and injection volume were changed, the most notable effects on peak shape were observed for the compounds with the smallest k values. Overall changes in peak shape were less pronounced when analyte solvent composition was similar to the starting mobile phase regardless of injection volume. Scale‐up to semipreparative conditions yielded results consistent with those observed at the analytical scale. These data show that peak shape is greatly affected by analyte solvent composition and injection volume, and that these effects can be ameliorated by the dissolution of analytes in solvent that closely resembles that of the mobile phase used for initial run conditions. The following study addresses the concepts of peak elution in RP HPLC and how they factor into semipreparative purification.
Chromatographic fingerprinting analysis of Danshen root (Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma) and its preparations using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC‐DAD‐ESI/MS)
Authors: Liu Mei , Li Yong‐Guo , Zhang Fang , Yang Li , Chou Gui‐Xin , Wang Zheng‐Tao , Hu Zhi‐Bi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDanshen root (Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma) is a representative Chinese herb containing multiple components contributing to its polyvalent bioactivities. Advanced analysis approaches are needed to obtain a comprehensive picture of the targeting constituents in complete matrix. In this study, a chromatographic fingerprinting method to monitor simultaneously the hydrophilic and lipophilic constituents was developed for the quality evaluation of Danshen root and its preparations. Ten hydrophilic and nine lipophilic components were identified using HPLC‐diode array detection‐electrospray‐MS (HPLC‐DAD‐ESI/MS) by comparing with the available references and reported data. Using the established method, 13 Danshen root samples collected from different sources, and 21 batches of Danshen preparations including tablets, injections, capsules, and dropping pills produced by different manufacturers were analyzed and their chromatographic fingerprints (CFP) were constructed. The results showed that the products of Danshen roots such as the tablets and capsules contained both the hydrophilic and lipophilic components, while the injections and dropping pills contained mainly the hydrophilic components. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied for the statistical analysis of the fingerprinting data of crude herb and its preparations. The established CFPs demonstrate the representative chemical profiling of the existing components and can be applied to the authentication and quality assessment of Danshen roots and other Danshen containing formulated preparations.
Retention of heavy metal ions on SBA‐15 mesoporous silica functionalised with carboxylic groups
Authors: Bruzzoniti Maria Concetta , Prelle Ambra , Sarzanini Corrado , Onida Barbara , Fiorilli Sonia , Garrone Edoardo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThree samples of SBA‐15 functionalised with –(CH2)3COOH groups have been prepared by co‐condensation, starting from solutions of TEOS and 4‐(triethoxysilyl)butyronitrile, acting as –(CH2)3COOH precursor, of different molar compositions. Materials were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The pKa and the acidic capacity were measured for all samples by potentiometric titration. The acidic capacity increases with increasing amount of –COOH precursor in the synthesis mixture only up to 10% molar of total alkoxysilane. The value for the pKa (4.75) is independent of the acidic capacity of the material. The sample prepared starting from an amount of –COOH precursor equal to 10% molar of total alkoxysilane was chosen to test selective interactions with heavy metals of environmental importance (Ag+, Cd2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+) at different pH values and ionic strengths. The significant and selective adsorption exhibited by the material has been exploited in a preliminary cation‐exchange chromatographic application showing the possibility of eluting the metal ions at different retention times.
Peptide correlation: A means to identify high quality quantitative information in large‐scale proteomic studies
Authors: Schwarz Emanuel , Levin Yishai , Wang Lan , Leweke F. Markus , Bahn Sabine 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA major challenge of proteomic studies is the accurate quantitation of proteins. LC‐MS/MS‐based methods are especially suited for profiling proteins in large sample sets. In this setup, the measurement of relative protein abundance relies on the correct quantitation of tryptic peptides. However, peptide intensities often do not unequivocally reflect the abundance of the native proteins in the sample. In this study, we show that peptides that accurately reflect relative protein abundances in large‐scale sample sets can be selected based on the correlation to each other. This strategy was tested in a well‐controlled experiment using a set of spiked serum samples as well as 55 clinical serum samples from schizophrenia patients and healthy volunteers. The peptide correlation analysis we present here provides an intuitive and simple procedure to obtain a high quality quantitative information from proteomics data.
A practical guide to nano‐LC troubleshooting
Authors: Noga Marek , Sucharski Filip , Suder Piotr , Silberring Jerzy 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCapillary LC is one of the most powerful analytical tools available for separation scientists. Its unique analytical properties are associated with numerous technical issues that may cause operation of such systems to be somehow troublesome. Because of that, a good experience in capillary LC troubleshooting is required to keep the system in shape and, in effect, to obtain reliable results. In this paper, we summarize the most important issues of the capillary systems, including void and dead volumes, leakages, sample injection, and a multidimensional LC approach. The aim of this paper was to provide practical advise on system diagnosis, and to present solutions to problems discussed. Also, several exemplary nano‐LC separations are included to demonstrate some typical problems encountered in our daily work.
Cathepsins and osteosarcoma: Expression analysis identifies cathepsin K as an indicator of metastasis
Authors: Husmann Knut , Muff Roman , Bolander Marc E. , Sarkar Gobinda , Born Walter , Fuchs Bruno 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most frequent malignant bone tumor with a poor survival rate for patients with metastasis. Previous studies have shown that beside other proteases, distinct sets of cathepsins are involved in the process of metastasis of different tumors. In this study we investigated the expression of cathepsin proteases in human osteosarcoma metastasis. First, the mRNA expression of 14 human cathepsins was studied in SAOS‐2 osteosarcoma cells and the highly metastatic LM5 and LM7 sublines by reverse transcriptase (RT)‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression of cathepsin D, K, and L mRNA was found upregulated and that of cathepsin F, H, and V downregulated in the highly metastatic LM5 and LM7 cells. A subgroup of the cathepsin proteases was further studied at the protein level by Western blot analysis of cell extracts. The expression of cathepsin B and H was decreased and that of cathepsin D, K, and L was increased in the highly metastatic cell lines as compared to the SAOS‐2 cell line. Diagnostic relevance of cathepsin K expression in osteosarcoma was revealed upon correlation of survival and metastasis with immunohistochemical cathepsin K staining of biopsies collected from 92 patients prior to chemotherapy. Patients with metastatic high‐grade osteosarcoma and low cathepsin K expression at diagnosis had a better prognosis than those with high expression. Thus, it appears that cathepsin K expression is of predictive prognostic value for patients with high‐grade tumors and metastasis at diagnosis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
STAT1 expression is not required for polyp formation in Min mice
Authors: Liddle Forrester J. , Frank David A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRecent studies have suggested the importance of interleukin (IL)‐6 signaling in the development of colon cancer. Expression of IL‐6 and the IL‐6 receptor have been found to be elevated in colorectal carcinoma tissue, and IL‐6 has been found to be critical for tumor formation in mouse models of colon cancer. IL‐6 mediated activation of the transcription factor STAT1 has been shown to be important in protection of colorectal carcinoma cells from apoptotic signals. To test the hypothesis that the IL‐6‐STAT1 axis plays a role in early stages of colon cancer development, we examined the role of this pathway in the mouse multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) model of intestinal tumorigenesis. Due to low fecundity, we were unable to generate Min mice lacking expression of IL‐6. We then focused on the role of STAT1 in intestinal polyp formation in these animals. Min mice lacking STAT1 or heterozygous for STAT1 developed polyps in similar numbers as those expressing STAT1. Furthermore, the anatomic distribution and histological characteristics of these polyps did not vary among these populations. These results indicate that STAT1 does not play a role in the pathogenesis of the Min model for colon cancer. However, they do not rule out the possibility that STAT1 plays a role in other stages of colon cancer development. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.