bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myeloid lineage‐selective growth of revertant cells in Fanconi anaemia
Authors: Hamanoue Satoshi , Yagasaki Hiroshi , Tsuruta Toshihisa , Oda Tsukasa , Yabe Hiromasa , Yabe Miharu , Yamashita Takayuki 
Published: December 2005

SummaryFanconi anaemia (FA) is a genetically heterogeneous chromosome instability syndrome characterised by bone marrow failure and congenital anomalies. Although an increasing number of reports suggest that reversion mosaicism noted in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) is associated with mild haematopoietic failure in FA, myeloid cells are rarely directly examined. We here report a patient with prolonged mild pancytopenia in whom proliferation of revertant cells was detected in mature myeloid cells but not in PBLs. While this patient had inherited heterozygous mutations, 2546delC and 3720–3724del, in the major FA gene FANCA, Epstein–Barr virus‐immortalised lymphoblastoid cells from the patient had 2546C > T instead of 2546delC, resulting in expression of a functional missense protein. As the identical reversion was detected in polymorphonuclear granulocytes and mononuclear phagocytes, sustained haematopoiesis in the patient can be attributed to a selective growth advantage of revertant myeloid cells. It is noteworthy that such a myeloid lineage‐selective mosaicism is overlooked in routine examination of PBLs. Recognition of this status will expand the role of reversion mosaicism in the pathophysiology of FA.
Immunogenicity of sequential pneumococcal vaccination in subjects splenectomised for hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Stoehr Gerhard A. , Rose Markus A. , Eber Stefan W. , Heidemann Katrin , Schubert Ralf , Zielen Stefan 
Published: December 2005

SummarySplenectomy predisposes for invasive pneumococcal disease. We investigated the immune response of splenectomised hereditary spherocytosis (HS) patients upon sequential pneumococcal vaccination. Thirty‐nine HS‐patients (2‐ to 18‐year‐old) had undergone near‐total or total splenectomy. All received one dose of 7‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV‐7) and 23‐valent‐pneumococcal‐polysaccharide vaccine (PPV‐23) 2 months apart. Pneumococcal antibodies against serotypes 5/6B/7/14/18C/19F/23F and immunoglobulin serum concentrations were determined before PCV‐7 and 4 weeks after PPV‐23. Significant rises in antibody geometric mean concentrations were observed after PCV‐7 except for serotypes 5 and 7, which increased after PPV‐23. We found no impact of the mode of splenectomy.
Prothrombin Saint‐Denis: a natural variant with a point mutation resulting in Asp to Glu substitution at position 552 in prothrombin
Authors: Rouy Stanislas , Vidaud Dominique , Alessandri Jean‐Luc , Dautzenberg Marie‐Dominique , Venisse Laurence , Guillin Marie‐Claude , Bezeaud Annie 
Published: December 2005

SummaryA new prothrombin variant, with a point mutation at nucleotide 20 029 resulting in Asp 552 to Glu substitution (prothrombin numbering), has been identified in a male newborn. Plasma prothrombin level was <3%, 16% and 60% when measured by clotting, chromogenic and immunological assays respectively. The substitution did not affect the rate of prothrombin conversion to thrombin but altered thrombin activity. Amino acid 552 has been reported to be involved in the allosteric transition, which is induced by sodium binding to thrombin. This is the first known amino acid substitution at this site to result in dysprothrombinaemia.
Order of patient entry influences outcome for metastatic renal cell cancer after non‐myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Artz Andrew S. , Kocherginsky Masha , Van Besien Koen 
Published: December 2005

SummaryAllogeneic transplantation for renal cell carcinoma has shown encouraging preliminary results. We reviewed the published literature to evaluate the impact of patient selection. Most studies did not include information on prognostic factors. We used patient entry rank within individual studies as a novel surrogate for patient selection, motivated by our own experience of an apparent impact of entry rank. One hundred patients were identified from nine studies. Twenty‐six per cent of patients demonstrated either a partial or complete response. Median overall survival was 12·3 months. Grade 2–4 acute graft‐versus‐host disease correlated with an increased likelihood of response (odds ratio: 5·4, 95% confidence interval: 1·6–18·1, P = 0·006) but not survival. Earlier patient entry rank on each trial was associated with a higher probability of response (P = 0·004) and superior survival (P = 0·004). Patient entry rank served as a powerful prognostic factor, suggesting bias in patient selection that evolved over the course of the study. Further studies are warranted to determine the influence of order of patient entry in other early clinical trial settings.
Application of diffuse reflectance FT‐IR spectroscopy and partial least‐squares regression to predict NMR properties of soil organic matter
Authors: Leifeld J. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryCarbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) is a powerful technique for studying the structure and turnover of soil organic matter, but is time consuming and expensive. It is therefore worth seeking swifter and cheaper methods. Diffuse reflectance FT‐IR spectroscopy (DRIFT), along with partial least squares (PLS) algorithms, provides statistical models to quantify soil properties, such as contents of C, N and clay. I have applied DRIFT−PLS to quantify soil organic C species, as measured by solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy, for several bulk soils and physical soil fractions. Calibration and prediction models for organic C and for particular NMR regions, namely alkyl C, O−alkyl C and carboxyl C, attained R2 values of between 0.94 and 0.98 (calibration) and 0.70–0.93 (cross‐validation). The prediction of unknown soil samples, after pre‐selection by statistical indices, confirmed the applicability of DRIFT−PLS. The prediction of aromatic C failed, probably because of superimposition of aromatic bands by signals from minerals. Results from fractions of particulate organic matter suggest that the chemical homogeneity of the material hampers the quantification of its constituting C species by DRIFT−PLS. For alkyl C, prediction of carbon species by DRIFT−PLS was better than direct peak‐area quantification in the IR spectra, but advantageous in parts only compared with a linear model correlating C species with soil C contents. In conclusion, DRIFT−PLS calibrated with NMR data provides quantitative information on the composition of soil organic matter and can therefore complement structural studies by its application to large numbers of samples. However, it cannot replace the information provided by more specific methods. The actual potential of DRIFT−PLS lies in its capacity to predict unknown samples, which is helpful for classification and identification of environmental outliers or benchmarks.
Roots, rhizosphere and soil: the route to a better understanding of soil science?
Authors: Gregory P.J. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryThe centenary of Hiltner's recognition of a rhizosphere effect is a convenient point to assess the impact of such thinking on the direction of soil science. A review of the major soil journals suggests that for much of the last century, Hiltner's insight had little effect on mainstream thinking outside of soil microbiology, but this situation is changing rapidly as the consequences of spatial and temporal heterogeneity on soil functioning assumes greater importance. Studies of root growth, root distributions and of rhizosphere processes over the last 25 years demonstrate both the size and distribution of root systems and the associated inputs from roots to soils. These inputs result in a plethora of dynamic reactions at the root–soil interface whose consequences are felt at a range of temporal and spatial scales. Root growth and respiration, rhizodeposition, and uptake of water and nutrients result in biological, chemical and physical changes in soils over variable distances from the root surface so that the rhizosphere has different dimensions depending on the process considered. At the root length densities common for many crop species, much of the upper 0.1 m of soil might be influenced by root activity for mobile nutrients, water and root‐emitted volatile compounds for a substantial proportion of the growing season. This brief review concludes that roots are an essential component of soil biology and of soil science.
The representation of complex soil variation on wavelet packet bases
Authors: Lark R.M. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryThe discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) is an advanced wavelet technique that has distinct advantages over the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) previously used in soil science. Because the DWT divides the spatial frequencies of the data into non‐uniform intervals, it may fail to resolve features of the spatial variation that a simpler spectral analysis might identify under stationary conditions. However, the DWPT allows us to retain the advantages of the DWT (particularly the lack of stationarity assumptions) while achieving much better resolution in the spatial frequency domain. This is at the cost of poorer spatial resolution at the higher frequencies. However, by selecting a best wavelet packet basis from among the many possible, according to some appropriate criterion, we can find a compromise between frequency and spatial resolution that is best suited to the representation of our particular data set. In this paper, I describe a number of analyses based on the DWPT and apply them to two data sets on the soil. The advantages of the DWPT with best basis selection are clearly illustrated. In particular, non‐stationary behaviour of a significant periodic component of variation was identified that could not be effectively resolved by the DWT. Improved resolution in the frequency domain allowed aspects of the non‐stationary variation of soil to be resolved in a multiresolution analysis (MRA) adapted to the variation of the data.
Modelling the effect of particle size, shape and orientation of light transfer through porous media
Authors: Bänninger D. , Lehmann P. , Flühler H. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryIn this study, we present a radiative‐transfer model to simulate reflectance and transmittance of light by soil slabs. The radiative‐transfer model implemented, referred to as the beam‐tracing model, uses cross‐sectional images of scattering media to describe the geometry of the soil, i.e. soil texture and structure. This model traces the optical path of incident beams through such cross‐sectional images. Tracing many light beams simulates the reflected and transmitted light intensities for the media.The accuracy of the beam‐tracing model was tested by comparing its predictions with those of analytical solutions and with experimentally measured reflectance and transmittance data of soil samples. We implemented this model to explain the systematic deviation between measured data and those calculated with the four‐flux model applied in Bänninger (2004). With the beam‐tracing model, we show that the small systematic inaccuracies of the four‐flux model are caused by the simplified description of the geometry of the scattering medium.The beam‐tracing model can be used to describe various optical properties of particulate media. As an application, we calculated the decrease of light intensity with depth.
Different T‐bet expression patterns characterize particular reactive lymphoid tissue lesions
Authors: Jöhrens K , Anagnostopoulos I , Dürkop H , Stein H 
Published: December 2005

Aims : To investigate T‐bet expression profiles in various lymphoid tissue diseases caused by intracellular pathogens and to compare them in disorders without an infective aetiology. Murine and in vitro experiments have shown that the expression/induction of T‐bet, the master regulator of Th1 differentiation, can be achieved by obligate intracellular pathogens and high interferon (IFN)‐γ levels.Methods : Lymph node biopsies were analysed immunohistochemically employing single and double labelling for T‐bet and CD20, CD4, CD8 and CD30 detection.Results : In disorders associated with high IFN‐γ levels and intracellular pathogens (infectious mononucleosis, HIV‐associated lymphadenopathy, cat‐scratch disease, and toxoplasmic lymphadenitis), T‐bet‐expressing CD4 cells were accompanied by significant numbers of T‐bet‐positive CD8 and B cells. A similar profile was also found in histiocytic necrotizing (Kikuchi) lymphadenitis, a disease of unknown cause. In contrast, T‐bet expression in disorders without an infective aetiology was observed in only a small portion of lymphocytes.Conclusions : Increased T‐bet expression does not only identify intracellular infections in lymphoid tissue associated with high IFN‐γ levels, but also implies that, under these conditions, it becomes induced in B cells, which apparently support the Th1 response. T‐bet expression in Kikuchi lymphadenitis underscores the hypothesis that it is caused by an intracellular microorganism.
Evaluation of neoplastic human mast cells by tryptase‐immunoelectron microscopy
Authors: Samorapoompichit P , Schernthaner G‐H , Worda C , Wimazal F , Krauth M‐T , Sperr W R , Valent P 
Published: December 2005

Aims : To analyse and characterize the ultrastructural morphology of normal tissue mast cells (MC) and neoplastic bone marrow MC.Methods : We have examined the ultrastructure and cytomorphological features of MC derived from cord blood cells, neoplastic bone marrow MC in patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM, n = 4), myelomastocytic leukaemia (MML, n = 2), mast cell leukaemia (MCL, n = 2) and tryptase‐positive acute myeloid leukaemia (AML, n = 4).Results : Based on their ultrastructure and morphology, four distinct cell types could be delineated: (i) mature well‐granulated tissue MC exhibiting a round central nucleus; (ii) atypical MC type I with oval nuclei, hypogranulated cytoplasm, and prominent surface projections; (iii) immature atypical MC with bi‐ or polylobed nuclei (atypical MC type II = promastocytes); and (iv) metachromatic blasts. Type I atypical MC were detected in a patient with indolent SM, whereas type II MC and metachromatic blasts were primarily found in MML, MCL and tryptase‐positive AML. In all samples examined, the identity of MC could be reconfirmed by immunoelectron microscopy, irrespective of the stage of cell maturation or the disease variant, all types of MC contained tryptase in their cytoplasmic granules.Conclusion : Immunoelectron microscopy may be a helpful approach in confirming the identity of neoplastic MC in myeloid neoplasms.
Loss of CD19 expression in B‐cell neoplasms
Authors: Masir N , Marafioti T , Jones M , Natkunam Y , Rüdiger T , Hansmann M‐L , Mason D Y 
Published: December 2005

Aims : To investigate whether an antibody against an intracellular epitope can detect CD19 in routine biopsy specimens and thus to document in detail its expression in human lymphomas.Method and results : A polyclonal antibody to the C terminus of CD19 was used to immunostain paraffin‐embedded samples of normal and neoplastic lymphoid tissues. CD19 was widely expressed in normal B cells and in extramedullary plasma cells. It was found in most B‐cell neoplasms, but expression in follicular lymphoma was weak (33/69) or negative (four cases). Similarly, CD19 expression in diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas was weak (28/56) or negative (eight cases). In T‐cell‐rich B‐cell lymphomas, CD19 was also weak (4/10) or negative (three cases). CD19 was often absent in post‐transplant B lymphoproliferative disease, classical Hodgkin's disease and plasma cell neoplasms. An unexpected finding was the frequent absence of CD19 in the neoplastic cells in lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease.Conclusions : CD19 can now be detected in routine biopsy specimens. In contrast to the classical pan‐B marker CD20, CD19 is not always strongly expressed in B‐cell neoplasms. Furthermore, the lymphocytic and histiocytic (L&H) cells of lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease (which express most B‐cell‐associated markers) commonly lack CD19.
Immunoglobulin and T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement in Castleman's disease: molecular genetic analysis
Authors: Al‐Maghrabi J , Kamel‐Reid S , Bailey D 
Published: December 2005

Aims : Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare heterogeneous disorder that is associated with an increased risk of developing lymphoma. Whether CD is primarily hyperplastic or neoplastic in origin is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to investigate CD further by determining the clonality status of its lymphocyte populations.Methods and results : We reviewed 20 patients with CD, 15 with the hyaline‐vascular type and five with the plasma cell type. Immunoglobulin (JH) and T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements were examined using polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting techniques. B‐lymphocyte clonality was also assessed by flow cytometry (FC) and by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The age range of the patients was 15–66 years: nine female and 11 male. Monoclonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin (JH) gene was detected in only one case. No cases were positive for monoclonal rearrangement of the TCR gene. All of the cases except one were negative for immunoglobulin light chain restriction by both FC and IHC.Conclusions : The lymphoid cells in CD are most commonly polyclonal in origin, which supports a non‐neoplastic origin. However, rare cases may show lymphocyte monoclonality, which could represent the development of a neoplastic population. The latter cases should be followed closely.
Comparison of immunohistochemistry by automated cellular imaging system (ACIS) versus fluorescence in‐situ hybridization in the evaluation of HER‐2/neu expression in primary breast carcinoma
Authors: Tawfik O W , Kimler B F , Davis M , Donahue J K , Persons D L , Fan F , Hagemeister S , Thomas P , Connor C , Jewell W , Fabian C J 
Published: December 2005

Aims : Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) are both commonly used assays for evaluation of HER‐2/neu status in breast cancer. However, there is still no consensus on which method is most predictive of patient response to HerceptinTM. Recently, the automated cellular imaging system (ACIS)TM has been shown to improve the accuracy and reproducibility in scoring IHC. Our aim was to compare the results of HER‐2/neu expression and gene amplification in the same patients by IHC using the ACISTM system and by FISH.Methods and results : Two hundred and forty‐seven breast cancer cases were studied. The concordance rate between IHC‐ACIS (≥ 2.2) and FISH (≥ 2.0) was 94%. Fifteen patients were discordant; three had borderline FISH values and three had borderline IHC values. The other nine discordant cases consisted of five IHC‐ACIS+, FISH– and six IHC‐ACIS–, FISH+. HER‐2/neu overexpression was more common in tumours that were high‐grade, aneuploid, progesterone receptor and bcl‐2 negative, with MIB‐1 > 10%.Conclusion : HER‐2/neu assessment by the ACIS is reliable, rapid and inexpensive, and correlates highly with results obtained by FISH.
Blastoid and common variants of mantle cell lymphoma exhibit distinct immunophenotypic and interphase FISH features
Authors: Parrens M , Belaud‐Rotureau M‐A , Fitoussi O , Carerre N , Bouabdallah K , Marit G , Dubus P , de Mascarel A , Merlio J‐P 
Published: December 2005

Aims : The recognition of blastoid variant (BV) of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is based on morphological criteria. Our aim was to analyse 18 MCL cases including four BV‐MCL for their clinicopathological features, proliferation index, cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression and interphase fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) pattern.Methods and results : BV‐MCL versus common MCL was characterized by a shorter overall duration of response after first‐line therapy (11 months versus 28 months) and shorter overall survival (20 months versus 42 months). Interphase FISH showed a t(11;14) fusion pattern in all MCL tested cases. However, the four blastoid cases were characterized by extra copies of CCND1 signals. Using additional probes of chromosomes 11, 18, 21, these signals were shown to be the result of hypotetraploidy and not of a specific amplification of the normal or the translocated CCND1 allele. Moreover, the BV‐MCL cases were characterized by a combined high percentage of cells expressing cyclin D1 and/or CDK4 with a proliferation (MIB‐1–Ki67) index above 50%. Such features allowed the recognition of areas of large cell transformation in the case of secondary BV‐MCL.Conclusions : Since distinction between BV and common MCL is of clinical relevance, our data underline the need to add phenotypic and cytogenetic criteria to cytomorphology for a better recognition of BV‐MCL.
Biosynthesis of cellulose‐enriched tension wood in Populus: global analysis of transcripts and metabolites identifies biochemical and developmental regulators in secondary wall biosynthesis
Authors: Andersson‐Gunnerås Sara , Mellerowicz Ewa J. , Love Jonathan , Segerman Bo , Ohmiya Yasunori , Coutinho Pedro M. , Nilsson Peter , Henrissat Bernard , Moritz Thomas , Sundberg Björn 
Published: December 2005

SummaryStems and branches of angiosperm trees form tension wood (TW) when exposed to a gravitational stimulus. One of the main characteristics of TW, which distinguishes it from normal wood, is the formation of fibers with a thick inner gelatinous cell wall layer mainly composed of crystalline cellulose. Hence TW is enriched in cellulose, and deficient in lignin and hemicelluloses. An expressed sequence tag library made from TW‐forming tissues in Populus tremula (L.) × tremuloides (Michx.) and data from transcript profiling using microarray and metabolite analysis were obtained during TW formation in Populus tremula (L.) in two growing seasons. The data were examined with the aim of identifying the genes responsible for the change in carbon (C) flow into various cell wall components, and the mechanisms important for the formation of the gelatinous cell wall layer (G‐layer). A specific effort was made to identify carbohydrate‐active enzymes with a putative function in cell wall biosynthesis. An increased C flux to cellulose was suggested by a higher abundance of sucrose synthase transcripts. However, genes related to the cellulose biosynthetic machinery were not generally affected, although the expression of secondary wall‐specific CesA genes was modified in both directions. Other pathways for which the data suggested increased activity included lipid and glucosamine biosynthesis and the pectin degradation machinery. In addition, transcripts encoding fasciclin‐like arabinogalactan proteins were particularly increased and found to lack true Arabidopsis orthologs. Major pathways for which the transcriptome and metabolome analysis suggested decreased activity were the pathway for C flux through guanosine 5′‐diphosphate (GDP) sugars to mannans, the pentose phosphate pathway, lignin biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of cell wall matrix carbohydrates. Several differentially expressed auxin‐ and ethylene‐related genes and transcription factors were also identified.