bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic analysis of feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk versus conventional milk replacer to dairy calves
Authors: Godden Sandra M. , Fetrow John P. , Feirtag Joellen M. , Green Lorissa R. , Wells Scott J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine growth, morbidity, and mortality rates in dairy calves fed pasteurized nonsaleable milk versus commercial milk replacer and compare economics of feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk versus commercial milk replacer in dairy calves.Design—Clinical trial.Animals—438 dairy calves.Procedure—Calves were assigned at 1 to 2 days of age to be fed pasteurized nonsaleable milk or a commercial milk replacer until weaned. Body weight was measured at the time of study enrollment and at the time of weaning, and any medical treatments administered and deaths that occurred prior to weaning were recorded. A partial budget model was developed to examine the economics of feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk versus commercial milk replacer.Results—Calves fed conventional milk replacer had significantly lower rates of gain (–0.12 kg/d [–0.26 lb/d]), lower weaning weights (–5.6 kg [–12.3 lb]), higher risk for treatment during the summer and winter months (odds ratio [OR], 3.99), and higher risk of death during the winter months (OR, 29.81) than did calves fed pasteurized nonsaleable milk. The estimated savings of feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk, compared with milk replacer, was $0.69/calf per day. The estimated number of calves needed to economically justify the nonsaleable milk pasteurization system was 23 calves/d.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that dairy calves fed pasteurized nonsaleable milk have a higher growth rate and lower morbidity and mortality rates than do calves fed conventional milk replacer. Feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk could be an economically viable strategy for dairy calf producers. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1547–1554)
Economic impacts of reduced milk production associated with an increase in bulk-tank somatic cell count on US dairies
Authors: Losinger Willard C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To measure the economic impacts attributable to an increase in bulk-tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) on US dairies.Design—Meta-analysis of data from various sources.Procedure—Economic impacts attributable to reduced milk production associated with an increase in BTSCC (≥ 200,000 cells/mL) in dairy cows during 1996 were estimated from supply-and-demand curves for milk and from an estimate of the effect of increased BTSCC on milk production.Results—Reduced milk production associated with an increase in BTSCC in dairy cows during 1996 caused an economic loss (mean ± 2SE) of 3.1 ± 2.1 billion dollars to consumers, an economic gain of 2.2 ± 1.7 billion dollars to dairy producers, and a total loss of 810 ± 480 million dollars to the US economy as a whole.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Consumers would stand to benefit from increased milk production associated with reducing the BTSCC to < 200,000 cells/mL on all dairy operations, whereas the US dairy industry would experience an economic loss. Individual dairy producers need to compare the costs of measures intended to reduce BTSCC with the anticipated benefits from a decrease in BTSCC. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1652–1658)
Corynebacterium urealyticum urinary tract infection in dogs and cats: 7 cases (1996–2003)
Authors: Bailiff Nathan L. , Westropp Jodi L. , Jang Spencer S. , Ling Gerald V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify clinical features ofCorynebacterium urealyticumurinary tract infection in dogs and cats and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns ofC urealyticumisolates.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—5 dogs and 2 cats.Procedure—Medical records of dogs and cats for whichC urealyticumwas isolated from urine samples were reviewed. Isolates from clinical cases, along with previously lyophilized unsubtyped isolates ofCorynebacteriumspp collected between 1977 and 1995, were examined and, if subtyped asC urealyticum, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.Results—Signalment of infected animals was variable. Prior micturition disorders were common, and all animals had signs of lower urinary tract disease at the timeC urealyticuminfection was diagnosed. Median urine pH was 8.0; WBCs and bacteria were variably seen in urine sediment. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 14C urealyticumisolates revealed that all were susceptible or had intermediate susceptibility to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and vancomycin and most were susceptible to enrofloxacin. Thickening of the bladder wall and accumulation of sediment were common ultrasonographic findings. Contrast radiography or cystoscopy revealed findings consistent with encrusting cystitis in 3 dogs. Infection resolved in 2 dogs following surgical debridement of bladder plaques and antimicrobial administration. In 2 other dogs and 1 cat treated with antimicrobials, infection withC urealyticumresolved, but urinary tract infection with a different bacterial species developed.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that preexisting urinary tract disorders are common in dogs and cats withC urealyticuminfection. Treatment with appropriate antimicrobials in combination with surgical debridement might eliminateC urealyticuminfection. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1676–1680)
Efficacy of omeprazole paste for prevention of gastric ulcers in horses in race training
Authors: McClure Scott R. , White Gary W. , Sifferman Roger L. , Bernard William , Doucet Michèle Y. , Vrins Andre , Holste John E. , Fleishman Candis , Alva Roberto , Cramer Luiz G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the minimal effective dosage of omeprazole oral paste for the prevention of naturally occurring ulcers in horses starting race training.Design—Prospective study.Animals—175 horses.Procedure—Horses in the dose selection portion of the study were sham dose treated or received 1 mg (0.45 mg/lb) or 2 mg (0.9 mg/lb) of omeprazole/kg, PO, every 24 hours for 28 days or 4 mg of omeprazole/ kg (1.8 mg/lb; loading dose), PO, every 24 hours for 4 days, then 1 or 2 mg of omeprazole/kg, PO, every 24 hours for 24 days. Horses in the dose confirmation portion of the study were sham dose treated or received 1 mg of omeprazole/kg, PO, every 24 hours for 28 days. Gastric ulcer scores at the beginning and end of the study were compared.Results—Sham–dose-treated horses had significantly higher ulcer scores than did horses treated with any of the omeprazole dosages evaluated. Among horses treated with omeprazole, there was no significant interaction of dose (1 or 2 mg/kg) and loading dose; therefore, the lowest effective dose (1 mg/kg) was evaluated in the dose confirmation portion of the study. In the dose confirmation study, 4 of 39 (10%) sham–dose-treated horses remained ulcer free, which was significantly different from the proportion of horses (31/38 [82%]) receiving 1 mg of omeprazole/ kg that remained ulcer free.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that omeprazole administered at a dosage of 1 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours for 28 days was effective for prevention of gastric ulcers in horses starting race training. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1681–1684)
Efficacy of omeprazole paste for prevention of recurrence of gastric ulcers in horses in race training
Authors: McClure Scott R. , White Gary W. , Sifferman Roger L. , Bernard William , Hughes Faith E. , Holste John E. , Fleishman Candis , Alva Roberto , Cramer Luiz G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether omeprazole oral paste administered at a dosage of 0.5 or 1 mg/kg (0.23 or 0.45 mg/lb), PO, every 24 hours would effectively prevent the recurrence of gastric ulcers in horses in race training.Design—Prospective study.Animals—135 horses.Procedures—Horses with gastric ulcers were treated with omeprazole at a dosage of 4 mg/kg (1.8 mg/lb), PO, every 24 hours for 28 days. Horses in the dose selection portion of the study were sham dose treated or received 0.5 or 1 mg of omeprazole/kg, PO, every 24 hours for an additional 28 days. Horses in the dose confirmation portion of the study were sham dose treated or received 1 mg of omeprazole/kg, PO, every 24 hours for an additional 28 days. Gastric ulcers were scored before and after the preventive phase of the study (day 28 to day 56) via gastroscopy, and ulcer scores were compared.Results—Sham–dose-treated horses and horses receiving 0.5 mg of omeprazole/kg had significantly higher ulcer scores than did horses receiving 1 mg of omeprazole/kg. There was a significant difference between the proportion of horses receiving 1 mg of omeprazole/kg (38/48 [79%]) that remained ulcer free and the proportion of sham–dose-treated horses (7/44 [16%]) that remained ulcer free.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Omeprazole oral paste administered at a dosage of 1 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours for 28 days was effective for prevention of recurrence of gastric ulcers in horses in race training. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1685–1688)
Behavioral responses to two intranasal vaccine applicators in horses and ponies
Authors: Grogan Elkanah H. , McDonnell Sue M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate behavioral compliance of
horses and ponies with simulated intranasal vaccination
and assess development of generalized aversion
to veterinary manipulations.

Design—Clinical trial.

Animals—28 light horse mares, 3 pony geldings, 2
light horse stallions, and 3 pony stallions that had a
history of compliance with veterinary procedures.

Procedure—Behavioral compliance with 2 intranasal
vaccine applicators was assessed. Compliance with
standard physical examination procedures was
assessed before and after a single experience with
either of the applicators or a control manipulation to
evaluate development of generalized aversion to veterinary
manipulation.

Results—In all 30 horses, simulated intranasal vaccination
or the control manipulation could be performed
without problematic avoidance behavior, and simulated
intranasal vaccination did not have any significant
effect on duration of or compliance with a standardized
physical examination that included manipulation
of the ears, nose, and mouth. Results were similar for
the 2 intranasal vaccine applicators, and no difference
in compliance was seen between horses in which
warm versus cold applicators were used. For 3 of the
6 ponies, substantial avoidance behavior was
observed in association with simulated intranasal vaccination,
and compliance with physical examination
procedures decreased after simulated intranasal vaccination.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although
some compliance problems were seen with ponies,
neither problems with compliance with simulated
intranasal vaccination nor adverse effects on subsequent
physical examination were identified in any of
the horses. Further study is needed to understand
factors involved in practitioner reports of aversion
developing in association with intranasal vaccination.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;226:1689–1693)
Lameness and poor performance in horses used for team roping: 118 cases (2000–2003)
Authors: Dabareiner Robin M. , Cohen Noah D. , Carter G. Kent , Nunn Sandra , Moyer William 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the types of musculoskeletal problems that result in lameness or poor performance in horses used for team roping and determine whether these problems are different in horses used for heading versus heeling.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—118 horses.Procedure—Medical records of team roping horses that were evaluated because of lameness or poor performance were reviewed to obtain information regarding signalment, primary use (ie, head horse or heel horse), history, results of physical and lameness examinations, diagnostic tests performed, final diagnosis, and treatment.Results—Among horses evaluated by lameness clinicians, the proportion with lameness or poor performance was significantly greater in horses used for heading (74/118) and lower in horses used for heeling (44/118) than would be expected under the null hypothesis. Most horses examined for poor performance were lame. A significantly greater proportion of horses used for heading had right forelimb lameness (26/74 [35%]), compared with horses used for heeling (7/44 [16%]). Horses used for heading had more bilateral forelimb lameness (18/74 [24%]), compared with horses used for heeling (4/44 [9%]). Horses used for heeling had more bilateral hind limb lameness (3/44 [7%]), compared with horses used for heading (0%). The most common musculoskeletal problems in horses used for heading were signs of pain limited to the distal sesamoid (navicular) area, signs of pain in the navicular area plus osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints, and soft tissue injury in the forelimb proximal phalangeal (pastern) region. Heeling horses most commonly had signs of pain in the navicular area, osteoarthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joints, and osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horses used for heading were most commonly affected by lameness in the right forelimb. Horses used for heeling had more bilateral hind limb lameness than horses used for heading. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1694–1699)
Risk factors associated with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle
Authors: Berghaus Roy D. , McCluskey Brian J. , Callan Robert J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine risk factors associated with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) among dairy cattle in the United States and identify characteristics of HBS in individual cows.Design—Cross-sectional, population-based survey.Sample Population—A stratified random sample of 1,013 dairy operations with ≥ 30 cows located in 21 states.Procedure—Information on management and animal health-related topics was collected with a questionnaire.Results—HBS was estimated to have been observed on 9.1% of operations during the preceding 5 years and on 5.1% of operations during the preceding 12 months. Factors found in multivariable analysis to be associated with the occurrence of HBS during the preceding 12 months were large herd size, administration of bovine somatotropin, and routine use of milk urea nitrogen concentration to determine ration composition. Use of pasture as part of the lactating cow ration during the growing season was associated with decreased odds of HBS in operations with rolling herd average milk production ≤ 20,000 lb, whereas in operations with higher milk production, use of pasture was not associated with occurrence of HBS. For individual cows with signs consistent with HBS, the third lactation was the median of the parity distribution and the median time between parturition and the onset of clinical signs was 104 days.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that management practices implemented to achieve high milk production may increase the risk of developing HBS in dairy cattle. Increased consumption of a high-energy diet seems to be the most plausible common pathway for all of the risk factors that have been described. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1700–1706)
Risk factors associated with Coccidioides infection in dogs
Authors: Butkiewicz Christine D. , Shubitz Lisa F. , Dial Sharon M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate potential risk factors for
Coccidioides infection among dogs living in a region in
which the organism is endemic (Pima and Maricopa
counties, Arizona).

Design—Community-based longitudinal and crosssectional
studies.

Animals—104 healthy 4- to 6-month-old puppies (longitudinal
study) and 381 4- to 18-month-old dogs with
unknown serostatus (cross-sectional study).

Procedure—Dogs in the longitudinal study were tested
3 times at 6-month intervals for anticoccidioidal
antibodies; dogs in the cross-sectional study were
tested only once. Owners of all dogs completed a
questionnaire on potential environmental exposures.

Results—In the longitudinal study, the relative risk of
infection for dogs that were outdoors during the day
was 4.9 times the risk for dogs that were kept indoors.
Seropositive dogs in the cross-sectional study were 6.2
times as likely to have access to > 1 acre to roam as
were seronegative dogs. Logistic regression analysis
indicated that the odds of infection increased with age
(odds ratio [OR], 1.1), amount of roaming space (OR,
2.4), and walking in the desert (OR, 2.2). Walking on
sidewalks had a protective effect (OR, 0.4).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that in regions in which the organism is endemic,
dogs that spend more time outdoors or have more
land in which to roam are at greater risk of infection
with Coccidioides spp. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;
226:1851–1854)
Clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Steffan Jean , Parks Craig , Seewald Wolfgang 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine efficacy and safety of cyclosporine in the treatment of atopic dermatitis among dogs in North America.Design—Randomized controlled (phase 1) and openlabel (phase 2) trials.Animals—268 dogs with atopic dermatitis.Procedure—In phase 1, dogs were randomly assigned to be treated with cyclosporine (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) or a placebo. In phase 2, all dogs were treated with cyclosporine for 16 weeks. Frequency of cyclosporine administration was decreased if dogs improved clinically.Results—At the end of phase 1, canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI) scores for dogs treated with cyclosporine were significantly lower than scores for control dogs. Percentage of dogs with severe pruritus decreased from 67% to 16% for the cyclosporine group but from 66% to only 61% for the control group. During phase 2, cyclosporine dosage was decreased to every-otherday administration in 39% of the dogs after 4 weeks. After 12 weeks, 22% of the dogs were treated twice weekly and 36% were treated every other day. After 16 weeks, CADESI score had decreased > 50% in 68% of the dogs and 47% of dogs had no or mild pruritus. The most frequent adverse reactions were gastrointestinal tract signs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that cyclosporine is efficacious for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs and that frequency of cyclosporine administration can be reduced following an initial induction period. The drug was well tolerated. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005:226:1855–1863)
Development and evaluation of a questionnaire for assessing health-related quality of life in dogs with cardiac disease
Authors: Freeman Lisa M. , Rush John E. , Farabaugh Andrew E. , Must Aviva 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop and evaluate a questionnaire (functional evaluation of cardiac health [FETCH] questionnaire) for assessing health-related quality of life in dogs with cardiac disease.Design—Prospective study.Animals—360 dogs with cardiac disease.Procedure—The questionnaire was developed on the basis of widely accepted clinical signs of cardiac disease in dogs. A FETCH score was calculated by summing responses to questionnaire items; possible scores ranged from 0 to 85. For questionnaire validation, owners of 60 dogs were asked to complete the questionnaire and provide an overall assessment of their dogs' quality of life (16 owners completed the questionnaire twice). Disease severity was assessed with the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) classification for cardiac disease. Following validation, the final questionnaire was administered to owners of the remaining 300 dogs.Results—Internal consistency of the questionnaire was good, and the FETCH score was significantly correlated with the owner-reported quality-of-life score and with ISACHC classification. For owners that completed the questionnaire twice, scores were significantly correlated. During the second phase of the study, the FETCH score ranged from 0 to 70 (median, 7) and was significantly correlated with ISACHC classification, but did not vary significantly with underlying disease. For dogs examined twice, the change in FETCH score was significantly greater for dogs in which ISACHC classification improved than for dogs in which ISACHC classification was unchanged.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that the FETCH questionnaire is a valid and reliable method for assessing health-related quality of life in dogs with cardiac disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1864–1868)
Evaluation of prognostic factors, survival rates, and treatment protocols for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs: 151 cases (1993–2002)
Authors: Weinkle Tristan K. , Center Sharon A. , Randolph John F. , Warner Karen L. , Barr Stephen C. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate prognostic factors, survival, and treatment protocols for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—151 dogs with IMHA not associated with underlying infectious or neoplastic disease.Procedure—Information recorded from review of medical records included signalment at the time of initial evaluation; vaccination history; 30-, 60-, and 365-day follow-up outcomes; laboratory data; results of imaging studies; and necropsy findings. Dogs were grouped according to the presence of spherocytes, autoagglutination, a regenerative erythrocyte response, and treatments received (azathioprine, azathioprine plus ultralowdose aspirin, azathioprine plus mixed–molecular-weight heparin [mHEP], or azathioprine plus ultralow-dose aspirin plus mHEP) for comparisons. All dogs received glucocorticoids.Results—Cocker Spaniels, Miniature Schnauzers, neutered dogs, and female dogs were overrepresented. Alterations in certain clinicopathologic variables were associated with increased mortality rate. Rates of survival following treatment with azathioprine, azathioprine plus ultralow-dose aspirin, azathioprine plus mHEP, and azathioprine plus ultralow-dose aspirin plus mHEP were 74%, 88%, 23%, and 70%, respectively, at hospital discharge; 57%, 82%, 17%, and 67%, respectively, at 30 days; and 45%, 69%, 17%, and 64%, respectively, at 1 year. In comparison, mean survival rates at discharge and at 30 days and 1 year after evaluation collated from 7 published reviews of canine IMHA were 57%, 58%, and 34%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment with a combination of glucocorticoids, azathioprine, and ultralow-dose aspirin significantly improved short-and long-term survival in dogs with IMHA. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1869–1880)