bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative phylogeography of unglaciated eastern North America
Authors: SOLTIS DOUGLAS E. , MORRIS ASHLEY B. , McLACHLAN JASON S. , MANOS PAUL S. , SOLTIS PAMELA S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRegional phylogeographical studies involving co‐distributed animal and plant species have been conducted for several areas, most notably for Europe and the Pacific Northwest of North America. Until recently, phylogeographical studies in unglaciated eastern North America have been largely limited to animals. As more studies emerge for diverse lineages (including plants), it seems timely to assess the phylogeography across this region: (i) comparing and contrasting the patterns seen in plants and animals; (ii) assessing the extent of pseudocongruence; and (iii) discussing the potential applications of regional phylogeography to issues in ecology, such as response to climatic change. Unglaciated eastern North America is a large, geologically and topographically complex area with the species examined having diverse distributions. Nonetheless, some recurrent patterns emerge: (i) maritime — Atlantic vs. Gulf Coast; (ii) Apalachicola River discontinuity; (iii) Tombigbee River discontinuity; (iv) the Appalachian Mountain discontinuity; (v) the Mississippi River discontinuity; and (vi) the Apalachicola River and Mississippi River discontinuities. Although initially documented in animals, most of these patterns are also apparent in plants, providing support for phylogeographical generalizations. These patterns may generally be attributable to isolation and differentiation during Pleistocene glaciation, but in some cases may be older (Pliocene). Molecular studies sometimes agree with longstanding hypotheses of glacial refugia, but also suggest additional possible refugia, such as the southern Appalachian Mountains and areas close to the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Many species exhibit distinct patterns that reflect the unique, rather than the shared, aspects of species’ phylogeographical histories. Furthermore, similar modern phylogeographical patterns can result from different underlying causal factors operating at different times (i.e. pseudocongruence). One underemphasized component of pseudocongruence may result from the efforts of researchers to categorize patterns visually — similar patterns may, in fact, not fully coincide, and inferring agreement may obscure the actual patterns and lead to erroneous conclusions. Our modelling analyses indicate no clear spatial patterning and support the hypothesis that phylogeographical structure in diverse temperate taxa is complex and was not shaped by just a few barriers.
A phylogeographical study of theTurnip mosaic viruspopulation in East Asia reveals an ‘emergent’ lineage in Japan
Authors: TOMITAKA YASUHIRO , OHSHIMA KAZUSATO 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe genetic structure of populations ofTurnip mosaic virus(TuMV) in East Asia was assessed by making host range and gene sequence comparisons of 118 isolates utilizing a population genetic approach. Most, but not all, isolates collected fromBrassicaplants in China infected onlyBrassicaplants, whereas those from Japan infected bothBrassicaandRaphanus(BR) plants. Analyses of the positions of recombination sites in five regions of the genomes (one third of the full sequence) of the many recombinant isolates were fully congruent with the results of phylogenetic analysis, and at least one recombination type pattern was shared between Chinese and Japanese populations. One lineage of nonrecombinant isolates from the basal‐BR lineage was found in 2000 in Kyushu, Japan but none in China, and have since been found over the whole island. The sudden expansion of this basal‐BR population was strongly supported by calculations showing the deviations from the neutral equilibrium model for the individual geographical lineages with overall lack of nucleotide diversity, and by analysis of mismatch distribution. Our study shows that the recent Chinese and Japanese TuMV isolates are part of the same population but are discrete lineages.
Population genetic structuring of the king weakfish, Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae), in Atlantic coastal waters of South America: deep genetic divergence without morphological change
Authors: SANTOS SIMÔNI , HRBEK TOMAS , FARIAS IZENI P. , SCHNEIDER HORACIO , SAMPAIO IRACILDA 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPhylogeographic patterns in Macrodon ancylodon sampled from 12 locations across all its range were investigated using mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences, and analysed together with patterns of morphometric differentiation. Populations of the North Brazil and the Brazil currents, with warmer waters, form a clade (tropical clade) separated by 23 fixed mutations from the populations that inhabit regions of colder waters influenced by the Brazil and Malvinas currents (subtropical clade). No gene flow exists between the tropical and subtropical clades, and most likely also between the two groups of the tropical clade. Distribution of these clades and groups is correlated with flow of currents and their temperatures, and is facilitated by larval retention and low adult migration. Despite differentiation at the molecular level, fishes analysed from all these current‐influenced regions are morphometrically homogeneous. Throughout its range M. ancylodon inhabits the same, or very similar niche; thus, stabilizing selection probably promotes the retention of highly conserved morphology despite deep genetic divergence at the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b.
Ecological factors influence population genetic structure of European grey wolves
Authors: PILOT MALGORZATA , JEDRZEJEWSKI WLODZIMIERZ , BRANICKI WOJCIECH , SIDOROVICH VADIM E. , JEDRZEJEWSKA BOGUMILA , STACHURA KRYSTYNA , FUNK STEPHAN M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAlthough the mechanisms controlling gene flow among populations are particularly important for evolutionary processes, they are still poorly understood, especially in the case of large carnivoran mammals with extensive continuous distributions. We studied the question of factors affecting population genetic structure in the grey wolf,Canis lupus, one of the most mobile terrestrial carnivores. We analysed variability in mitochondrial DNA and 14 microsatellite loci for a sample of 643 individuals from 59 localities representing most of the continuous wolf range in Eastern Europe. We tested an array of geographical, historical and ecological factors to check whether they may explain genetic differentiation among local wolf populations. We showed that wolf populations in Eastern Europe displayed nonrandom spatial genetic structure in the absence of obvious physical barriers to movement. Neither topographic barriers nor past fragmentation could explain spatial genetic structure. However, we found that the genetic differentiation among local populations was correlated with climate, habitat types, and wolf diet composition. This result shows that ecological processes may strongly influence the amount of gene flow among populations. We suggest natal‐habitat‐biased dispersal as an underlying mechanism linking population ecology with population genetic structure.
Incidence and etiology of acute non‐malignant upper gastrointestinal bleeding in northern Greece
Authors: Tsesmeli Niki E , Kotsaftis Panagiotis S , Savopoulos Christos G , Hatzitolios Apostolos I , Kaiafa Georgia D , Kounanis Andreas D , Karamitsos Dimitrios T 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the incidence and etiology of acute non‐malignant upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANMUGIB) in northern Greece due to increased use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including low‐dose aspirin (L‐A), exposure and geographical variability of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) seroprevalence.Methods:  A retrospective study of 110 patients admitted for hematemesis or melena during a 6‐month period. All patients had undergone a gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy during hospitalization. The presence of Hp was identified by biopsies and a 13C‐urea breath test in the case of Hp(–) biopsy bleeding peptic ulcer (BPU). The activity of ANMUGIB was assessed according to Forrest's classification. Statistical analysis was made by the χ2‐test and Yates' correction.Results:  Most patients were in the two medium age groups with no significant difference between them (P < 0.001). NSAID or L‐A (100 mg/day) use was reported in 42.73% of patients in a ratio 1:1 (P > 0.1) and Hp infection was found in 29.09% of patients. BPU, with approximately two‐thirds in the bulb, erosions and varices were the most frequent sources. Hp infection was found in 60.65% of BPU, 65.57% were related to NSAIDs or L‐A and 8.19% were non‐Hp non‐NSAID/L‐A BPU. Flat spots were most commonly found with a significant difference (P < 0.001) to other stigmata of recent bleeding, except for clean base.Conclusions:  In northern Greece, persons aged over 40 years are prone to ANMUGIB with a non‐significant relationship to males. Hp infection and medication use, such as NSAIDS and L‐A, are deeply involved in its etiology. Non‐Hp non‐NSAID/L‐A BPU are a small proportion. ANMUGIB seems to have a generally good prognosis.
Recurrent mucinous cystadenoma in a 20‐year‐old woman: Was hysterectomy inevitable?
Authors: Baksu Basak , Akyol Atıf , Davas Inci , Yazgan Ali , Ozgul Jale , Tanık Canan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA recurrence of ovarian mucinous cysts is very rare. Over a period of 21 months, a 20‐year‐old patient had three laparotomies resulting initially in the removal of one ovary with a mucinous cystadenoma and two cystectomies for the same pathology, but ultimately leading to hysterectomy and salphingo‐oopherectomy. Because mucinous tumors are usually benign and most of the time multilocular, management of young patients is challenging, especially in the case of recurrence. Follow‐up of these patients is very important and transvaginal ultrasound seems to be currently the most effective diagnostic tool for the follow‐up of young patients treated with cystectomy for benign mucinous cystadenomas.
Three‐cycle fentanyl patch system significantly improves pain control in gynecologic cancer
Authors: Kanamori Chiharu , Kanamori Takanobu , Hayashi Michiharu , Yorioka Hirokazu , Kanzaki Haruhide 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPain affects many cancer patients, and in advanced stages of the disease it can significantly affect the quality of their lives. Morphine has long been the ‘gold standard’ for the treatment of cancer pain. However, its side‐effects, particularly sedation and cognitive impairment at high doses, have encouraged the use of ‘opioid rotation’. The transdermal fentanyl patch has advantages over oral morphine, with reduced side‐effects and increased convenience in practical usage. The side‐effects were reduced in patients who changed to the fentanyl patch, but rescue analgesia was often needed because of the decrease of fentanyl release from the patch, especially on the patch replacement day. We have developed a three‐cycle fentanyl patch system that provided an appropriate pain control, and this system should be considered for pain relief in cancer patients.
Ovarian sclerosing stromal tumor presenting as Meigs’ syndrome with elevated CA‐125
Authors: Jung Nan Hee , Kim Tak , Kim Hai Joong , Lee Kyu Wan , Lee Nak Woo , Lee Eung Seok 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMeigs’ syndrome caused by sclerosing stromal tumor is extremely rare and only two cases have been reported to date. An elevated serum level of CA‐125 is also unusual and it has been thought that it is the consequence of physical irritation and inflammation. In this report, we present the case of a 50‐year‐old postmenopausal woman with a sclerosing stromal tumor presenting with Meigs’ syndrome and an elevated CA‐125 level (1476.8 IU/mL). This case highlights the difficulty in discerning the diagnosis of Meigs’ syndrome from that of an ovarian malignancy and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis in postmenopausal patients with pelvic mass, ascites, pleural effusions and elevated serum CA‐125.
Comparisons of maternal and perinatal outcomes in Taiwanese women with complete and partial HELLP syndrome and women with severe pre‐eclampsia without HELLP
Authors: Liu Ching‐Ming , Chang Shuenn‐Dyh , Cheng Po‐Jen , Chao An‐Shine 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAim:  To analyze the variations between maternal complications and perinatal outcome among women with complete hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome, partial HELLP syndrome, and women with severe pre‐eclampsia and normal laboratory tests. We also examine the effect of corticosteroid therapy for treatment of HELLP.Methods:  In this retrospective study, six patients with complete HELLP syndrome and 46 with partial HELLP syndrome, were compared and contrasted with 212 patients with severe pre‐eclampsia but without HELLP syndrome.Results:  In Protocol 1, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was the strongest morbidity factor associated with patients among complete HELLP, partial HELLP, and severe pre‐eclampsia. After post‐hoc analysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was the significant outcome variable between complete and partial HELLP. In Protocol 2, after adjustment, we found that MODS (adjusted OR, 15.2, 95% CI, 6.18–35.53; P < 0.001); Apgar score less than 5 at 1 minute (adjusted OR, 2.17, 95% CI, 0.94–5.01; P = 0.069) and DIC (adjusted OR, 9.51, 95% CI, 1.68–53.7, P = 0.011) remained significantly associated with HELLP syndrome. There was a favorable outcome found in the complete HELLP group. Neither the dexamethasone group nor the aggressive therapy group could benefit from the treatment protocol.Conclusion:  The different categories of HELLP syndrome, the protocol 1 and protocol 2 have been noted as differential effects on pregnancy outcome. MODS and DIC would be two significant outcome variables and corticosteroid therapy may not benefit HELLP patients.
Administration of myostatin does not alter fat mass in adult mice
Authors: Stolz L. E. , Li D. , Qadri A. , Jalenak M. , Klaman L. D. , Tobin J. F. 
Published: November 2006

Aim:  Myostatin, a member of the TGF‐beta superfamily, is produced by skeletal muscle and acts as a negative regulator of muscle mass. It has also been suggested that low‐dose administration of myostatin (2 μg/day) in rodents can reduce fat mass without altering muscle mass. In the current study, we attempted to further explore the effects of myostatin on adipocytes and its potential to reduce fat mass, since myostatin administration could potentially be a useful strategy to treat obesity and its complications in humans.Methods:  Purified myostatin protein was examined for its effects on adipogenesis and lipolysis in differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes as well as for effects on fat mass in wild‐type, myostatin null and obese mice.Results:  While myostatin was capable of inhibiting adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 cells, it did not alter lipolysis in fully differentiated adipocytes. Importantly, pharmacological administration of myostatin over a range of doses (2–120 μg/day) did not affect fat mass in wild‐type or genetically obese (ob/ob, db/db) mice, although muscle mass was significantly reduced at the highest myostatin dose.Conclusions:  Our results suggest that myostatin does not reduce adipose stores in adult animals. Contrary to prior indications, pharmacological administration of myostatin does not appear to be an effective strategy to treat obesity in vivo.
Quality of Life of Workers with an Intellectual Disability in Supported Employment
Authors: Verdugo M. A. , Jordán de Urríes F. B. , Jenaro C. , Caballo C. , Crespo M. 
Published: November 2006

Aim This study investigate what characteristics of supported employment increase quality of life and whether quality of life is higher in supported employment workers or the sheltered ones in Spain. Typicalness, the degree to which the characteristics of a job are the same as those of co‐workers without a disability in the same company, was considered as one of the supported employment characteristics in the analysis.Method Two groups were put together to obtain the data using two questionnaires that were administered by trained professionals. Correlational analysis of the data andmanovawere also employed.Results No differences were found between the two groups regarding quality of life but results indicate that in supported employment, high levels of typicalness are associated with a higher quality of life and that the handling of certain characteristics of support and the job, for example the hours of direct external support, are related to the enhancement of quality of life of the workers.Conclusions Workers in supported employment show the same quality of life as those in sheltered employment centers. In Spain, the greater the typicalness of the employment, the higher the quality of life. The implications of this for the amount of direct external support for workers with disability is that such support should be used only when absolutely necessary – the minimum support necessary to encourage development.
Mifepristone‐ and misoprostol‐induced mid‐trimester termination of pregnancy: A review of 272 cases
Authors: ROSE Sally B. , SHAND Carol , SIMMONS Ann 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground:  Mifepristone became available in New Zealand in 2001, and was first used for second trimester terminations at the Level J Unit, Wellington Hospital. The protocol is based on that published by Ashok et al. in Aberdeen.1Aims:  To describe the use of mifepristone prior to misoprostol induction of labour for mid‐trimester termination and to compare outcomes with the published data.Methods:  A retrospective audit of prospectively collected notes for 272 women presenting for mid‐trimester termination of pregnancy in a hospital termination clinic. Data collection included age, ethnicity, previous pregnancies, gestational age, induction‐to‐abortion interval, analgesia, and complications. Data were entered into an Access database and imported into Excel and Epi Info for the computation of descriptive statistics.Results:  Data on completed abortion were available for 271 women (one chose not to continue the abortion following mifepristone). The median time to abortion was 6 h, and mean number of doses of misoprostol was three. The proportion of women who aborted within 24 h was 95.9%. Immediate surgical evacuation of retained placenta was required in 22 women (8.1%). Heavy bleeding occurred in 22 women (8.1%), and seven required a transfusion (2.6%). The proportion of women who required parenteral narcotics was 78.2%.Conclusions:  Outcomes for women in the present review were comparable with those for previous publications using the same regimen, with the exception of a higher transfusion rate. Our experience supports the finding that the use of mifepristone as pretreatment to misoprostol results in a shorter induction‐to‐delivery interval than the use of misoprostol alone as has been reported by other groups.
Inadequate compliance with periconceptional folic acid supplementation in South Australia
Authors: CONLIN Melissa L. , MacLENNAN Alastair H. , BROADBENT Jessica L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground:  Despite recommendations for women to take folic acid supplements, there has been little reduction in the number of neural tube defect cases occurring each year.Aims:  To assess the level of compliance of pregnant women to recommendations for folic acid supplementation in South Australia, and audit the labelled content in reported supplements used.Methods:  A survey was conducted from May to September 2005 with 304 pregnant women recruited from antenatal clinics at the Lyell McEwin Health Service, the Women's and Children's Hospital and the Modbury Hospital in Adelaide.Results:  Full compliance with supplementation recommendations for both timing and dose was achieved by 30% of women. Partial compliance was achieved by 43%, while 27% took no folic acid supplements.Conclusions:  There is currently poor compliance with folic acid supplementation around conception. Additional food fortification may better achieve an adequate daily level of folic acid.
Periconceptional folic acid use among women giving birth at Queen Mary Maternity Hospital in Dunedin
Authors: DOBSON Isla , DEVENISH Celia , SKEAFF C. Murray , GREEN Tim J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground:  The New Zealand Ministry of Health advises that all women planning a pregnancy take a folic acid supplement to reduce the risk of having a neural tube defect (NTD)‐affected pregnancy. There is little information available to determine if women are following this advice.Objective:  The purpose of this study was to determine periconceptional folic acid use among women in the postnatal ward of Queen Mary Maternity Hospital in Dunedin.Methods:  A questionnaire was administered to women in the postnatal ward between 14 November and 22 December 2004.Results:  One hundred and six women were interviewed during the study period. Forty women (39%) used folic acid supplements before conception. Sixty‐seven women (64%) planned their pregnancy. The proportion of women (P < 0.001) who planned their pregnancy (53%) and used folic acid before conception was higher than those who did not (11%). The proportion of women 30 years of age (55%) who took folic acid supplements before conception was higher than women aged 17 to < 25 years (10%).Conclusion:  Despite a lack of a public health campaign in New Zealand, a high proportion of participants, especially those who planned their pregnancy, took folic acid during the periconceptional period. A comprehensive public health campaign is needed to increase folic acid use. Fortification may be required to reach those women who do not plan their pregnancies.
Postgraduate obstetrics and gynaecology experience: The role for early exposure
Authors: ROZEN Warren Matthew , ROZEN Genia 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground:  The early postgraduate years provide the opportunity for junior doctors to gain a range of experience and determine their focused areas of interest. Internship thus requires experience in medicine, surgery and the emergency department. Obstetrics and gynaecology (O & G) is not offered as an internship rotation, despite its suitability as such. A cross‐sectional analysis of junior doctors was performed to assess residents’ views on the suitability of an O & G rotation for career decision‐making and for achieving sufficient clinical experience.Methods:  Fifty‐two resident medical staff in their second postgraduate year were recruited and each was given an anonymous survey for completion. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used for participant responses.Results:  For whether internship without an O & G rotation provides sufficient experience to include or exclude O & G as a career choice, the average participant response was 2.1 (on a VAS out of 10) (P < 0.0001). For whether an O & G internship rotation would provide adequate medical, surgical or emergency department experience, the average response was 7.9 (on the VAS out of 10) (P < 0.0001). As to whether participants would have preferred to undergo an O & G rotation during internship, the average response was 7.7 (P < 0.0001).Conclusion:  The present study demonstrated a perception by residents that an O & G rotation during internship would achieve adequate clinical competencies and assist in career decision‐making in O & G, with residents preferring to have undergone an O & G rotation during internship.