bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of eight microsatellite markers in the white sea bream, Diplodus sargus (Teleostei, Sparidae)
Authors: PÉREZ L. , INFANTE C. , PONCE M. , CRESPO A. , ZUASTI E. , FUNES V. , CATANESE G. , MANCHADO M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe white sea bream, Diplodus sargus (Teleostei, Sparidae), is a species with a high commercial importance in Mediterranean aquaculture. There is currently little information available about the genetic characteristics of cultured populations. In this survey, we have developed eight polymorphic microsatellites for the white sea bream using an enriched genome library protocol. All of them were polymorphic in the 67 individuals tested, 32 of which were wild specimens, and 35 were individuals from a captive F1 broodstock. These markers can potentially be useful tools for use in population genetic studies.
Isolation and characterization of nine microsatellite markers for Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) Beauv., a recently invasive grass species in Oregon
Authors: RAMAKRISHNAN ALISA P. , ROSENTHAL DAVID M. , MUSIAL TRIESTE , CRUZAN MITCHELL B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe patterns of genetic diversity caused by rapid range expansions following recent colonizations are best observed using highly polymorphic genetic markers. We characterized nine microsatellite markers for Brachypodium sylvaticum, a bunchgrass invasive in the Northwestern United States and native to Eurasia. Loci exhibited from two to 10 alleles, and generally had high FIS values. These loci will help identify sources of new populations in the region, and they will be useful for studying patterns of genetic diversity during rapid range expansions.
Polymerase chain reaction‐based detection of Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker disease
Authors: RAMSFIELD T. D. , DOBBIE K. , DICK M. A. , BALL R. D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPitch canker is a highly damaging disease of Pinus radiata and the New Zealand forest industry is concerned by the potential impact of the disease, should it arrive, in New Zealand. To provide a rapid identification technique for this pathogen, a polymerase chain reaction‐based diagnostic method has been developed. The method is able to detect the presence of the pathogen within infected host tissue, as well as infested soil and the reliability of the test has been estimated using Bayesian statistics.
Eight polymorphic microsatellite markers developed in the Chinese scorpion, Mesobuthus martensii (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Authors: JI YA‐JIE , LENG LIANG , SHI CHENG‐MIN , HUA YUE‐PING , ZHANG DE‐XING 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEight polymorphic di‐ and trinucleotide microsatellite loci were developed in the Chinese scorpion, Mesobuthus martensii. The expected heterozygosity at these loci ranges from 0.019 to 0.860, with the observed allele numbers varying from two to 25. Overall, there were no deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and no observed linkage disequilibrium after Bonferroni correction. Cross‐species amplification of these loci in Mesobuthus eupeus revealed that five loci can amplify successfully in this species. The polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers reported here should provide helpful means to address questions concerning phylogeographical patterns and evolutionary history of M. martensii and closely related species.
The D4 set: primers that target highly variable intron loops in plant chloroplast genomes
Authors: WATTS CHAD D. , FISHER AMANDA E. , SHRUM CELENA D. , NEWBOLD WENDY L. , HANSEN SHANNALEE , LIU CHANG , KELCHNER SCOT A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChloroplast group II introns offer high‐quality, rapidly evolving single‐copy loci for comparative sequence analysis. These introns feature diagnostic secondary structures with loops that are among the least evolutionarily constrained sequence in plastomes. We exploited these structures to develop universal primers that amplify and sequence the large Domain IV (D4) loop in several angiosperm introns. With a single sequence read, we recover 300–600 nucleotides of highly variable sequence across angiosperms, with rates of change that are equal to or higher than many of the best known intergenic spacers in plant chloroplast genomes.
Characterization of microsatellite loci for the littorine snail Bembicium vittatum
Authors: KENNINGTON W. J. , LUKEHURST S. S. , JOHNSON M. S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe describe the isolation and development of 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the intertidal snail Bembicium vittatum (Gastropoda: Littorinidae). The loci were tested in 46 individuals from a single population situated near the centre of the species distribution. No evidence of linkage disequilibrium was detected between any pair of loci. However, two loci showed significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg expectations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 15.
In Vitro Activities at pH 5.0 and pH 7.0 and In Vivo Efficacy of Flucytosine against
Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Verweij Paul E. , Te Dorsthorst Debbie T. A. , Janssen Willem H. P. , Meis Jacques F. G. M. , Mouton Johan W. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT

The antifungal agent flucytosine was found to be active in vitro against
Aspergillus fumigatus
isolates when the MIC was determined at pH 5.0 instead of pH 7.0. The in vitro MIC at pH 5.0 corresponded to the in vivo efficacy of flucytosine monotherapy in a murine model of invasive aspergillosis.
Caspofungin-Resistant
Candida tropicalis
Strains Causing Breakthrough Fungemia in Patients at High Risk for Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Garcia-Effron Guillermo , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Lewis Russell E. , Perlin David S. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT

We identified three cases of
C. tropicalis
strains causing breakthrough fungemia in allogeneic stem cell recipients receiving caspofungin prophylaxis and treatment. Three genetically unrelated isolates with high echinocandin MICs were identified. Each strain carried a characteristic mutation conferring an amino acid substitution within Fks1p hot spot 1.
Sitamaquine Sensitivity inLeishmaniaSpecies Is Not Mediated by Drug Accumulation in Acidocalcisomes
Authors: López-Martín Carmen , Pérez-Victoria José María , Carvalho Luis , Castanys Santiago , Gamarro Francisco 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTSitamaquine (WR6026), an 8-aminoquinoline derivative, is a new antileishmanial oral drug. As a lipophilic weak base, it rapidly accumulates in acidic compartments, represented mainly by acidocalcisomes. In this work, we show that the antileishmanial action of sitamaquine is unrelated to its level of accumulation in these acidic vesicles. We have observed significant differences in sitamaquine sensitivity and accumulation betweenLeishmaniaspecies and strains, and interestingly, there is no correlation between them. However, there is a relationship between the levels of accumulation of sitamaquine and acidotropic probes, acidocalcisomes size, and polyphosphate levels. TheLeishmania majorAP3δ-null mutant line, in which acidocalcisomes are devoid of their usual polyphosphate and proton content, is unable to accumulate sitamaquine; however, both the parental strain and the AP3δ-null mutants showed similar sensitivities to sitamaquine. Our findings provide clear evidence that the antileishmanial action of sitamaquine is unrelated to its accumulation in acidocalcisomes.
More than One Tandem Repeat Domain of the Extracellular Adherence Protein ofStaphylococcus aureusIs Required for Aggregation, Adherence, and Host Cell Invasion but Not for Leukocyte Activation
Authors: Hussain Muzaffar , Haggar Axana , Peters Georg , Chhatwal Gursharan S. , Herrmann Mathias , Flock Jan-Ingmar , Sinha Bhanu 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe extracellular adherence protein (Eap) is a multifunctionalStaphylococcus aureusprotein and broad-spectrum adhesin for several host matrix and plasma proteins. We investigated the interactions of full-length Eap and five recombinant tandem repeat domains with host proteins by use of surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore) and ligand overlay assays. In addition, agglutination and host cell interaction, namely, adherence, invasion, and stimulation of proliferation, were determined. With plasmon resonance, the interaction of full-length Eap isoforms (from strains Newman and Wood 46) with fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, and thrombospondin-1 was found to be specific but with different affinities for the ligands tested. In the ligand overlay assay, the interactions of five single tandem repeat domains (D1 to D5) of Eap-7 (from strain CI-7) with fibronectin, fibrinogen, vitronectin, thrombospondin-1, and collagen I differed substantially. Most prominently, D3 bound most strongly to fibronectin and fibrinogen. Full-length Eap, but none of the single tandem repeat domains, agglutinatedS. aureusand enhanced adherence to and invasion of host cells byS. aureus. Constructs D3-4 and D1-3 (incis) increased adherence and invasiveness compared to what was seen for single Eap tandem repeat domains. By contrast, single Eap tandem repeat domains and full-length Eap similarly modulated the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs): low concentrations stimulated, whereas high concentrations inhibited, proliferation. Taken together, the data indicate that Eap tandem repeat domains appear to have distinct characteristics for the binding of soluble ligands, despite a high degree of sequence similarity. In addition, more than one Eap tandem repeat domain is required forS. aureusagglutination, adherence, and cellular invasion but not for the stimulation of PBMC proliferation.
Effect of Phage on the Infectivity of
Vibrio cholerae
and Emergence of Genetic Variants
Authors: Zahid M. Shamim Hasan , Udden S. M. Nashir , Faruque A. S. G. , Calderwood Stephen B. , Mekalanos John J. , Faruque Shah M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT

Seasonal epidemics of cholera in Bangladesh are self-limited in nature, presumably due to phage predation of the causative
Vibrio cholerae
during the late stage of an epidemic, when cholera patients excrete large quantities of phage in their stools. To further understand the mechanisms involved, we studied the effect of phage on the infectivity and survival of
V. cholerae
shed in stools. The 50% infectious dose of stool vibrios in infant mice was ∼10-fold higher when the stools contained a phage (1.8 × 10
3
to 5.7 × 10
6
PFU/ml) than when stools did not contain a detectable phage. In competition assays in mice using a reference strain and phage-negative cholera stools, the infectivity of biofilm-like clumped cells was 3.9- to 115.9-fold higher than that of the corresponding planktonic cells. However, the difference in infectivity of these two cell populations in phage-positive stools was significantly less than that in phage-negative stools (
P
= 0.0006). Coculture of a phage and
V. cholerae
or dilutions of phage-positive cholera stools in nutrient medium, but not in environmental water, caused rapid emergence of phage-resistant derivatives of the bacteria, and these derivatives lost their O1 antigen. In cholera stools and in intestinal contents of mice prechallenged with a mixture of
V. cholerae
and phage, the bacteria remained completely phage susceptible, suggesting that the intestinal environment did not favor the emergence of phage-resistant derivatives that lost the O1 antigen. Our results indicate that phages lead to the collapse of epidemics by modulating the required infectious dose of the bacteria. Furthermore, the dominance of phage-resistant variants due to the bactericidal selective mechanism occurs rarely in natural settings, and the emerging variants are thus unable to sustain the ongoing epidemic.
Diminished ICAM-1 Expression and Impaired Pulmonary Clearance of NontypeableHaemophilus influenzaein a Mouse Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Emphysema
Authors: Pang Bing , Hong Wenzhou , West-Barnette Shayla L. , Kock Nancy D. , Swords W. Edward 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are continually colonized with bacterial opportunists like nontypeableHaemophilus influenzae(NTHi), and a wealth of evidence indicates that changes in bacterial populations within the lung can influence the severity of COPD. In this study, we used a murine model for COPD/emphysema to test the hypothesis that COPD affects pulmonary clearance. Mice were treated with a pulmonary bolus of elastase, and as reported previously, the lungs of these mice were pathologically similar to those with COPD/emphysema at ∼1 month posttreatment. Pulmonary clearance of NTHi was significantly impaired in elastase-treated versus mock-treated mice. While histopathologic analysis revealed minimal differences in localized lung inflammation between the two groups, lower levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) were observed for the airway epithelial surface of elastase-treated mice than for those of control mice. Following infection, elastase-treated mice had lung pathology consistent with pneumonia for as long as 72 h postinfection, whereas at the same time point, mock-treated mice had cleared NTHi and showed little apparent pathology. Large aggregates of bacteria were observed within damaged lung tissue of the elastase-treated mice, whereas sparse individual bacteria were observed in lungs of mock-treated mice at the same time point postinfection. Additional infection studies showed that NTHi mutants with biofilm defects were less persistent in the elastase-treated mice than the parent strain. These findings establish a model for COPD-related infections and support the hypotheses that ICAM-1 promotes clearance of NTHi. Furthermore, the data indicate that NTHi may form biofilms within the context of COPD-related infections.
Association of IS
1016
with the
hia
Adhesin Gene and Biotypes V and I in Invasive Nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Satola Sarah W. , Napier Brooke , Farley Monica M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT

A subset of invasive nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
(NTHI) strains has evidence of IS
1016
, an insertion element associated with division I
H. influenzae
capsule serotypes. We examined IS
1016
-positive invasive NTHI isolates collected as part of Active Bacterial Core Surveillance within the Georgia Emerging Infections Program for the presence or absence of
hmw1
and
hmw2
(two related adhesin genes that are common in NTHI but absent in encapsulated
H. influenzae
) and
hia
(homologue of
hsf
, an encapsulated
H. influenzae
adhesin gene). Isolates were serotyped using slide agglutination, confirmed as NTHI strains using PCR capsule typing, and biotyped. Two hundred twenty-nine invasive NTHI isolates collected between August 1998 and December 2006 were screened for IS
1016
; 22/229 (9.6%) were positive. Nineteen of 201 previously identified IS
1016
-positive invasive NTHI isolates collected between January 1989 and July 1998 were also examined. Forty-one IS
1016
-positive and 56 randomly selected IS
1016
-negative invasive NTHI strains were examined. The
hia
adhesin was present in 39 of 41 (95%) IS
1016
-positive NTHI strains and 1 of 56 (1.8%) IS
1016
-negative NTHI strains tested;
hmw
(
hmw1
,
hmw2
, or both) was present in 50 of 56 (89%) IS
1016
-negative NTHI isolates but in only 5 of 41 (12%; all
hmw2
) IS
1016
-positive NTHI isolates. IS
1016
-positive NTHI strains were more often biotype V (
P
< 0.001) or biotype I (
P
= 0.04) than IS
1016
-negative NTHI strains, which were most often biotype II. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed the expected genetic diversity of NTHI with some clustering based on IS
1016
,
hmw
or
hia
, and biotypes. A significant association of IS
1016
with biotypes V and I and the presence of
hia
adhesins was found among invasive NTHI. IS
1016
-positive NTHI strains may represent a unique subset of NTHI strains, with characteristics more closely resembling those of encapsulated
H. influenzae
.
Cell Surface O-Glycans LimitStaphylococcus aureusAdherence to Corneal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ricciuto Jessica , Heimer Susan R. , Gilmore Michael S. , Argüeso Pablo 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe mucin-rich environment of the intact corneal epithelium is thought to contribute to the prevention ofStaphylococcus aureusinfection. This study examined whether O-glycans, which constitute the majority of the mucin mass of epithelial cell glycocalyces, prevented bacterial adhesion and growth. Abrogation of mucin O glycosylation using the chemical primer benzyl-α-GalNAc resulted in increased adherence of parental strain RN6390 to apical human corneal-limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells and to biotinylated cell surface protein in static and liquid phase adhesion assays, consistent with a role of mucin O-glycans in preventing bacterial adhesion. Comparable results were found with ALC135, an isogenic mutant strain defective in the accessory gene regulatorsagrandsar, indicating that theagr- and/orsar-regulated virulence factors did not play a major role in mediating adhesion to the corneal cell surface after mucin O-glycan truncation. In exoglycosidase digestion studies, treatment with sialidase fromArthrobacter ureafaciens—which hydrolyzed mucin-associatedO-acetyl sialic acid—but not fromClostridium perfringensresulted in an increase in RN6390 and ALC135 adhesion. Abrogation of mucin O glycosylation in HCLE cell cultures did not affect bacterial growth. Overall, these data indicate that mucin O-glycans contribute to the prevention of bacterial adherence to the apical surface of corneal epithelial cells and suggest that alteration of cell surface glycosylation from disease or trauma, including that stemming from contact lens wear, could contribute to a higher risk of infection.
Retracted: Immunohistochemical prognostic markers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: validation of tissue microarray as a prerequisite for broad clinical applications (a study from the Lunenburg Lymphoma Biomarker Consortium)
Authors: de Jong D , Xie W , Rosenwald A , Chhanabhai M , Gaulard P , Klapper W , Lee A , Sander B , Thorns C , Campo E , Molina T , Hagenbeek A , Horning S , Lister A , Raemaekers J , Salles G , Gascoyne R D , Weller E 
Published: September 2008

Background and Aims:The results of class prediction and the determination of prognostic markers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have been variably reported. Apart from biological variations, this may be caused by differences in laboratory techniques, scoring definitions and inter- and intra-observer variation. In this study, an international collaboration of clinical lymphoma research groups has concentrated on validation and standardisation of immunohistochemistry of the currently potentially interesting prognostic markers in DLBCL.Methods:Sections of a tissue microarray with 36 cases of DLBCL were stained in eight laboratories with antibodies to CD20, CD5, bcl-2, bcl-6, CD10, HLA-DR, MUM-1 and Ki-67 according to local methods. The study was performed in two rounds, firstly focused on the evaluation of laboratory staining variation, and secondly on the scoring variation.Results:Different techniques resulted in highly variable results and poor reproducibility for almost all markers. Reproducibility of the nuclear markers was highly sensitive to technical variations, including immunological enhancement techniques (agreements 34%). With elimination of variation due to staining and uniformly agreed on scoring criteria, significant improvement was seen; however less so for bcl-6 and Ki-67 (agreement 53–58%). Absence of internal controls that preclude scoring, significantly influenced the results for CD10 and bcl-6.Conclusion:Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry for subclassification of DLBCL is feasible, but with varying rates of concordance for different markers and only using optimised techniques and strict scoring criteria. These findings may explain the wide variation in prognostic impact reported in the literature. Harmonisation of techniques and centralised consensus review appears mandatory when using immunohistochemical biomarkers for treatment stratification.
Optimal maintenance of a spanning tree
Authors: Awerbuch Baruch , Cidon Israel , Kutten Shay 
Published: September 2008

In this article, we show that keeping track of history enables significant improvements in the communication complexity of dynamic network protocols. We present a communication optimal maintenance of a spanning tree in a dynamic network. The amortized (on the number of topological changes) message complexity isO(V), whereVis the number of nodes in the network. The message size used by the algorithm isO(log |ID|) where |ID| is the size of the name space of the nodes. Typically, log |ID| =O(logV).Previous algorithms that adapt to dynamic networks involved Ω (E) messages per topological change—inherently paying for re-computation of the tree from scratch.Spanning trees are essential components in many distributed algorithms. Some examples includebroadcast(dissemination of messages to all network nodes),multicast, reset(general adaptation of static algorithms to dynamic networks), routing,termination detection, and more. Thus, our efficient maintenance of a spanning tree implies the improvement of algorithms for these tasks. Our results are obtained using a novel technique to save communication. A node uses information received in the past in order to deduce present information from the fact that certain messages were NOT sent by the node's neighbor. This technique is one of our main contributions.
Bifurcation Results for a Class of Perturbed Fredholm Maps
Authors: Benevieri Pierluigi , Calamai Alessandro 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe prove a global bifurcation result for an equation of the type "Equation missing", where "Equation missing" is a linear Fredholm operator of index zero between Banach spaces, and, given an open subset "Equation missing" of "Equation missing", "Equation missing" are "Equation missing" and continuous, respectively. Under suitable conditions, we prove the existence of an unbounded connected set of nontrivial solutions of the above equation, that is, solutions "Equation missing" with "Equation missing", whose closure contains a trivial solution "Equation missing". The proof is based on a degree theory for a special class of noncompact perturbations of Fredholm maps of index zero, called "Equation missing"-Fredholm maps, which has been recently developed by the authors in collaboration with M. Furi.
Levinas and Maimonides: From Metaphysics to Ethical Negative Theology
Authors: Fagenblat Michael 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAfter an initially sympathetic reading of Maimonides, Levinas develops an ambivalent attitude toward the Great Eagle, whom he views as a champion of intellectualist Judaism. Nevertheless, insights from the early engagement with Maimonides are carried forth into the central claims of Totality and Infinity regarding freedom, creation, particularity and transcendence. Levinas' arguments are directed at Heidegger but can also be seen as a phenomenological repetition of the medieval dispute about the eternity of the world. Later, Levinas continues this engagement with Maimonides by transforming the latter's negative theology into what I call ethical negative theology.
Utopia Pre-Empted: Kett's Rebellion, Commoning, and the Hysterical Sublime
Authors: Holstun Jim 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn 1549, on Mousehold Heath, outside Norwich, the campmen of Kett's Rebellion created the greatest practical utopian project of Tudor England. Using a commoning rhetoric and practice, they tried to restore the moral economy of the county community, ally themselves with the reforming regime of Protector Somerset, and create a Protestant monarchical republic of small producers. In opposition, Tudor gentlemen and their chroniclers used ‘the hysterical sublime’, a rhetoric and practice of pre-emptive decisionist violence, to crush the Norwich commune, overthrow Somerset, and accelerate capitalist primitive accumulation. These two visions of culture and society continued to clash in Tudor England, but the gentlemen had gained the upper hand.