bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Service liberalization and productivity in high‐tech firms: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Xuchao , Zhao Jing , Yang Ruomeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article studies the relationship between service liberalization and the productivity of high‐tech manufacturing. Examining the sudden relaxation of FDI regulation in several service sectors in China, this article finds that service liberalization improves high‐tech firms' TFP. The effect is greater in non‐SOEs, firms with a higher degree of service dependence, and firms located in regions with better institutional environments. Furthermore, after service liberalization, high‐tech firms of all sizes have more outsourcing service expenditures and spend less on intermediate inputs. Only large‐sized high‐tech firms increase their R&D expenditures to improve production efficiency.
Co‐developmental trajectories of suicidal ideation and non‐suicidal self‐injury among Chinese adolescents: Transdiagnostic predictors and association with suicide attempts
Authors: Shen Yunhong , Chen Danrui , Guo Jiaqi , Zheng Yue , Zhang Jiajing , Zhan Shiting , You Jianing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionAdolescent suicidal ideation (SI) and non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) are crucial public health issues, yet their co‐developmental trajectories during early adolescence and their associations with predictors and outcomes are unclear. This study aimed to (a) identify heterogeneous co‐developmental trajectories of SI and NSSI, (b) explore associations between transdiagnostic predictors and trajectories, and (c) assess suicide attempt risk across trajectories.MethodsFour hundred fifty‐three adolescents (Mage = 12.35 years, 48.3% boys) completed surveys at 6‐month intervals across 2 years. At Time 1 (Nov 2020), participants completed surveys encompassing SI, and NSSI, along with family, peer, and individual predictors. Subsequent surveys (Times 2–4) measured SI and NSSI, with suicide attempts queried at Time 4.ResultsParallel process latent class growth models revealed three co‐developmental groups (i.e., Stable low NSSI and SI; Moderate‐NSSI and high‐SI, parallel decreasing; High‐NSSI and moderate‐SI, parallel increasing). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that group membership was predicted by parental rejection, parental warmth, bullying victimization, depressive and anxiety symptoms, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness. Adolescents in the “High‐NSSI and moderate‐SI, parallel increasing” group reported the highest suicide attempt frequency.ConclusionThese findings underscore subgroup distinctions and transdiagnostic predictors in comprehending SI and NSSI progression, emphasizing the necessity of dynamic monitoring and tailored interventions for distinct subgroup characteristics.
Negotiating over the rules of origin in regional trade agreements in Asia
Authors: Hayakawa Kazunobu , Kimura Fukunari , Mukunoki Hiroshi , Urata Shujiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn regional trade agreements (RTAs), member countries choose a common rule of origin (RoO) for each product. This study examines the factors that influence RoOs in four ASEAN‐plus‐one RTAs, which are agreements between ASEAN and four individual countries. One unique feature is that ASEAN as a whole negotiates with a plus‐one country, which may dilute the interests of individual ASEAN countries at large. Our findings are summarised as follows. First, the more restrictive RoOs are set in the products where plus‐one countries are less competitive against most ASEAN countries. Second, the more restrictive RoOs are likely to be imposed in products that plus‐one countries protect with higher most favoured nation tariffs. These two results reflect the bargaining power among a plus‐on country and ASEAN countries and indicate that plus‐one's preference influences RoOs more strongly. Third, we find contrasting results between intermediate and final products. RoOs are likely to be less restrictive in intermediate products and more restrictive in final products when plus‐one countries have higher export competitiveness or when the majority of ASEAN countries have higher MFN tariffs.
Diamond burr debridement of calcific band keratopathy in 24 eyes of 22 horses
Authors: Jugant Sophie , Regnier Alain , Douet Jean‐Yves 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of diamond burr debridement (DBD) for the treatment of calcific band keratopathy (CBK) in horses.MethodsMedical records from horses with CBK were reviewed over a period of 4 years. Diagnosis of CBK was based on slit‐lamp examination findings, and DBD was performed on standing sedated horses. Follow‐up was obtained by clinical reevaluation of the treated eyes or a telephone survey with the referring veterinarian.ResultsTwenty‐two horses of different ages (median: 11 years; range: 5–23) representing 24 CBK‐affected eyes (14 left eyes and 10 right eyes) were included in the study. The patients had a medical history of chronic and recurrent uveitis, which required repeated long‐term treatments with various combinations of ophthalmic corticosteroids. DBD alone cleared the cornea in 22 affected eyes (92%), but it was combined with blade scraping in two cases with thick calcium plaques. The postoperative medication included a topical antibiotic, atropine drops, and oral flunixin meglumine. Corneal healing was achieved in 21 eyes (87%), 5–21 days (median time 13 days) postoperatively. The three remaining horses were lost to follow‐up. Recurrence occurred in 5 of the 21 (24%) reexamined eyes, 3–12.5 weeks (median 8 weeks) postoperatively, and required a second DBD. Four of the 21 eyes ended up being enucleated due to sequelae of uveitis. The main limitations of the study include those inherent to all retrospective clinical data collections.ConclusionMechanical DBD can readily and safely clear the cornea in horses with CBK, but recurrence of calcium deposition is possible.
Augmented Reality in Read Aloud: An English Language Interactive Engagement
Authors: Lau Lin Yin Cassandra Eva , Yang Irene 
Published: March 2024

Currently, Augmented Reality (AR) technology is emerging as a popular means to encourage children to enjoy reading books. AR technology, which creates a virtual element from a real physical environment, increases a sense of connectivity between the real and the virtual world. The Read-Aloud project aimed to spark interest in reading English language storybooks among primary school children by innovating the chosen storybook with embedded AR technology. The book, 'Nyatoh the Friendly Tree,' was selected in support of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal No. 15 on the Sustainability of Life on Land, particularly focusing on issues related to trees and sustainable forests. Primary research through a simple questionnaire was distributed to the students and analysed by the researchers using a statistical percentage table. Oral feedback and interactions were observed and recorded by the researchers. A total of 160 students, with 82 aged 12 and 78 aged 10, from a government primary school in the urban city experienced AR in the read-aloud session. The book was initially read to the students, followed by language activities and hands-on AR experiences using smartphones and physical books. All activities were conducted in smaller groups of five. The AR features 3D models of the main character and side characters, including animals from the rainforest. Comprehension questions in the form of a quiz were generated, and to expand vocabulary, audio explanations of words in animation were created. Feedback was gathered at the end of the session in two categories: (a) interest, engagement, and interaction with the story, and (b) comprehension of the language and story. Students reported positive experiences with AR in both categories and generally found the activity fun, interesting, and enjoyable and were motivated to read. While scores in the comprehension area were lower, they still indicated a positive impact of AR on vocabulary comprehension, contributing to the overall understanding of the story. Interaction with animation also plays a role in supporting the sense-making of non-verbal representation. This project demonstrated that AR holds tremendous appeal in generating interest in reading when it incorporates a modification of physical reality with virtual elements. Exploring the potential of AR in storybooks and read-aloud sessions is valuable, especially considering the benefits of reading on learners' development. The research was still in its early stages, with additional variables to be considered. Longitudinal studies could be conducted for clearer validity and reduction of the novelty effect. This includes identifying individual learning styles in software design, providing training for both teachers and students, and developing appropriate learning activities for AR applications.
Mechanisms underpinning sympathoexcitation in hypoxia
Authors: Simpson Lydia L. , Stembridge Mike , Siebenmann Christoph , Moore Jonathan P. , Lawley Justin S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSympathoexcitation is a hallmark of hypoxic exposure, occurring acutely, as well as persisting in acclimatised lowland populations and with generational exposure in highland native populations of the Andean and Tibetan plateaus. The mechanisms mediating altitude sympathoexcitation are multifactorial, involving alterations in both peripheral autonomic reflexes and central neural pathways, and are dependent on the duration of exposure. Initially, hypoxia‐induced sympathoexcitation appears to be an adaptive response, primarily mediated by regulatory reflex mechanisms concerned with preserving systemic and cerebral tissue O2 delivery and maintaining arterial blood pressure. However, as exposure continues, sympathoexcitation is further augmented above that observed with acute exposure, despite acclimatisation processes that restore arterial oxygen content (). Under these conditions, sympathoexcitation may become maladaptive, giving rise to reduced vascular reactivity and mildly elevated blood pressure. Importantly, current evidence indicates the peripheral chemoreflex does not play a significant role in the augmentation of sympathoexcitation during altitude acclimatisation, although methodological limitations may underestimate its true contribution. Instead, processes that provide no obvious survival benefit in hypoxia appear to contribute, including elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. Nocturnal periodic breathing is also a potential mechanism contributing to altitude sympathoexcitation, although experimental studies are required. Despite recent advancements within the field, several areas remain unexplored, including the mechanisms responsible for the apparent normalisation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during intermediate hypoxic exposures, the mechanisms accounting for persistent sympathoexcitation following descent from altitude and consideration of whether there are sex‐based differences in sympathetic regulation at altitude.
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A Nonlinear Mixed Finite Element Method for the Analysis of Flexoelectric Semiconductors
Authors: Yang Qiufeng , Li Xudong , Liu Zhaowei , Jin Feng , Qu Yilin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a nonlinear mixed finite element method for flexoelectric semiconductors and analyze the mechanically tuned redistributions of free carriers and electric currents through flexoelectric polarization in typical structures. We first present a macroscopic theory for flexoelectric semiconductors by combining flexoelectricity and nonlinear drift-diffusion theory. To use C0 continuous elements, we derive an incremental constrained weak form by introducing Langrage multipliers, in which the kinematic constraints between the displacement and its gradient are guaranteed. Based on the weak form, we established a mixed C0 continuous nine-node quadrilateral finite element as well as an iterative process for solving nonlinear boundary-value problems. The accuracy and convergence of the proposed element are validated by comparing linear finite element method results against analytical solutions for the bending of a beam. Finally, the nonlinear element method is applied to more complex problems, such as a circular ring, a plate with a hole, and an isosceles trapezoid. Results indicate that mechanical loads and doping levels have distinct influences on electric properties.
AFSD-Nets: A Physics-Informed Machine Learning Model for Predicting the Temperature Evolution During Additive Friction Stir Deposition
Authors: Shi Tony , Wu Jiajie , Ma Mason , Charles Elijah , Schmitz Tony 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study models the temperature evolution during additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) using machine learning. AFSD is a solid-state additive manufacturing technology that deposits metal using plastic flow without melting. However, the ability to predict its performance using the underlying physics is in the early stage. A physics-informed machine learning approach, AFSD-Nets, is presented here to predict temperature profiles based on the combined effects of heat generation and heat transfer. The proposed AFSD-Nets includes a set of customized neural network approximators, which are used to model the coupled temperature evolution for the tool and build during multi-layer material deposition. Experiments are designed and performed using 7075 aluminum feedstock deposited on a substrate of the same material for 30 layers. A comparison of predictions and measurements shows that the proposed AFSD-Nets approach can accurately describe and predict the temperature evolution during the AFSD process.
Control of the Weld Heterogeneity by Using a Novel Counter Variable Pin Shoulder Rotation Friction Stir Welding: A Simulation and Experimental Study
Authors: Mahto Raju Prasad , Iqbal Md Perwej , Kumari Kanchan , Pal Surjya Kanta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) produces inhomogeneous mechanical and metallurgical properties in the weld, which further require post-weld processing to control the heterogeneity. In the present study, the heterogeneity in the weld is reduced through counter-variable rotation friction stir welding (CVRFSW). The material flow and temperature distribution significantly affect the inhomogeneity of the FSWed properties which has been studied by developing a three-dimensional Lagrangian method-based viscoplastic model. The material flow, strain rate, and temperature distribution in conventional FSW (CFSW) and CVRFSW are studied quantitatively. The study revealed that CVRFSW improved joint strength and reduced the inhomogeneity of temperature, strain, and hardness. At a 10% lower shoulder speed than a pin, the weld strength improved by 16%. The simulation predicted that the temperature difference between the advancing side (AS) and the retreating side (RS) was 36 °C in CFSW, which was reduced to 8 °C in CVRFSW. Material deformation in CVRFSW occurred at a strain rate more than twice that of CFSW, and the asymmetry of strain rate between AS and RS reduced to one-fifth. Microstructures and their orientations of the welds were studied in detail. These findings contribute to the understanding of CVRFSW processes for enhanced weld quality and mechanical performance for industrial applications.
Approximate Integral Method for Nonlinear Reliability Analysis
Authors: Chen Zhenzhong , Qiu Guiming , Li Xiaoke , Jin Rui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the realm of reliability analysis methods, the first-order reliability method (FORM) exhibits excellent computational accuracy and efficiency in linear problems. However, it fails to deliver satisfactory performance in nonlinear ones. Therefore, this paper proposes an approximate integral method (AIM) to calculate the failure probability of nonlinear problems. First, based on the most probable point (MPP) of failure and the reliability index β obtained from the FORM, the limit state function (LSF) can be equivalent to an approximate parabola (AP), which divides the hypersphere space into feasible and failure domains. Secondly, through the ratio of the approximate region occupied by a parabolic curve to the entire hypersphere region, the failure probability can be calculated by integration. To avoid the computational complexity in the parabolic approximate area due to high dimensionality, this paper employs a hyper-rectangle, constructed from chord lengths corresponding to different curvatures, as a substitute for the parabolic approximate area. Additionally, a function is utilized to adjust this substitution, ensuring accuracy in the calculation. Finally, compared with the calculated result of the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and the FORM, the feasibility of this method can be demonstrated through five numerical examples.
Hand Vibration Reduction Using Nonlinear Vibration Absorber for the Vibro-Impact Hammer Model
Authors: Alabi Oreoluwa , Gupta SunitKumar , Barry Oumar R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the effectiveness of a passive vibration control device to minimize the amplitude of vibrations from a hand-held impact machine (HHIM) transmitted to a hand-arm system (HAS). For this purpose, we employ a simplified lumped parameter model of an HHIM and the hand-arm system consisting of lumped masses, springs, and viscous dampers. For a better understanding of the system dynamics, we use a vibro-impact model for a more accurate representation of HHIM–ground interactions. We then examine the effectiveness of a cubic nonlinear vibration absorber in minimizing these undesirable vibrations via a nonlinear bifurcation analysis of the system. A parametric study on the numerical bifurcation analysis of the system reveals the criticality of different design parameters of the proposed nonlinear vibration absorber on the system dynamics. Our findings demonstrate that an appropriate selection of absorber parameters could significantly change the amplitude and the periodicity of vibrations transmitted to the hand. Furthermore, we observe the existence of complex motions such as period-2, period-4, and chaotic attractors in the system for the given values of the absorber and operating parameters.
Irrational Nonlinearity Enhances the Targeted Energy Transfer in a Rotary Nonlinear Energy Sink
Authors: Treacy Collin , Stein Dalton , Chelidze David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Efficient passive vibration absorption can prevent the failure of systems without requiring sensors or energy sources. Nonlinear energy sinks (NES) have gained popularity as passive vibration absorbers due to their targeted energy transfer (TET) mechanisms that extract and dissipate vibrational energy over broad frequency ranges. In this work, the vibration suppression performance of a novel bistable rotary nonlinear energy sink (BRNES) is studied numerically in the cases of impulse and harmonic excitation. The BRNES consists of a secondary mass that connects to the primary system by a rigid arm and spring that pivot at each connection point. The spring produces an irrational nonlinear restoring force that introduces bistability and favorable oscillatory TET mechanisms. The BRNES outperforms the traditional rotary NES and, in some cases, even the bistable NES. Moreover, unlike most NESs restricted to rectilinear motion, the BRNES is efficient at multiple orientations, thus demonstrating its potential to passively suppress vibrations in any in-plane direction over broad excitation magnitude and frequency ranges.
Effects of a 10-Week Integrated Curriculum Intervention on Physical Activity, Resting Blood Pressure, Motor Skills, and Well-Being in 6- to 7-Year-Olds
Authors: Duncan Michael J. , Fitton Davies Katie , Okwose Nduka , Harwood Amy E. , Jakovljevic Djordje G. 
Published: March 2024

Background: Integrated curriculum interventions have been suggested as an effective means to increase physical activity (PA) and health. The feasibility of such approaches in children living in deprivation is unknown. This study sought to pilot an integrated curriculum pedometer intervention in children living in deprivation on school-based PA, body fatness, resting blood pressure, motor skills, and well-being. Methods: Using a pilot cluster randomized intervention design, children (6–7 y old, n = 64) from 2 schools in central England undertook: (1) 10-week integrated curriculum intervention or (2) control (regular school-based activity). School-based PA, body fatness, resting blood pressure, motor skills, and well-being were assessed preintervention and postintervention. Results: For the intervention group, PA was higher on school days when children had physical education lessons or there were physically active integrated curriculum activities. Body fatness significantly decreased, and well-being and perceived physical competence increased, pre–post for the intervention group compared with the control group. Accelerometer-derived PA, motor skills, and resting blood pressure were not significantly different pre–post for intervention or control groups. Conclusions: A 10-week integrated curriculum PA intervention is feasible to conduct and can positively impact aspects of health in 6- to 7-year-old children in England.
Proportion and Correlates of Children in the US-Affiliated Pacific Region Meeting Sleep, Screen Time, and Physical Activity Guidelines
Authors: Ryan Sarah T. , Okely Anthony D. , Chong Kar Hau , Stanley Rebecca M. , Randle Melanie , Waqa Gade , Yamanaka Ashley B. , Guerrero Rachael Leon , Coleman Patricia , Shallcross Leslie , Wilkens Lynne R. , Deenik Jonathan L. , Novotny Rachel 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Limited data on 24-hour movement behaviors of children aged 5–8 years exist globally. We describe the prevalence and sociodemographic associations of meeting physical activity (PA), sedentary recreational screen time (ST), and sleep guidelines among children from 11 jurisdictions in the US-Affiliated Pacific region. Methods: Cross-sectional representative data from 1192 children aged 5–8 years living in the US-Affiliated Pacific region were drawn from the baseline 2012–2014 Children’s Healthy Living Program. Sleep and moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA were calculated from accelerometry. ST and sociodemographic data were collected from caregiver surveys. The percentage of children meeting the Asia-Pacific 24-hour movement guidelines for PA (≥60 min/d of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA), sleep (≥9 and ≤ 11 h/d) and ST (≤2 h/d) were calculated. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine associations with adiposity and sociodemographic variables. Results: Twenty-seven percent (95% confidence interval, 24.6–30.0) of children met integrated guidelines; 98% (96.2–98.0) met PA, 78% (75.4–80.0) met sleep, and 35% (32.6–38.0) met ST guidelines. Females (adjusted odds ratio = 1.40 [95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.91]) and those living in lower-middle-income jurisdictions (2.29 [1.49–3.54]) were more likely to meet ST guidelines. Overweight children (0.62 [0.40–0.96]), those aged 8 years (0.39 [0.22–0.69]), and children with caregivers of an education level of high school or beyond (0.44 [0.29–0.68]) were less likely to achieve ST guidelines. Children from midrange annual household incomes were less likely to meet combined guidelines (0.60 [0.39–0.92]). Conclusions: Three-quarters of children are not meeting integrated Asia-Pacific 24-hour movement guidelines. Future strategies for reducing ST and increasing integrated guidelines compliance are needed.