bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance and Regime Relationship In Flow Through Porous Media Considering the Effects of Porosity, Wall and Tortuosity
Authors: Anjali C. , Jyothy S. Aruna , Kumar G. N. Pradeep 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A reliable relationship between Resistance coefficient (λ) and Reynolds number (Re) which are primarily functions of characteristic length and characteristic velocity, proved to be a probable solution for many problems related to porous media flow. Due to intricate and tortuous structure of porous media, defining characteristic length and characteristic velocity is very complicate and hence expressed in terms of influencing parameters. This paper presents results of an experimental study on relationship between λ and Re with a special emphasis on characteristic length and characteristic velocity. Experimentation is carried out using a specially fabricated permeameter with water as fluid medium and seven sizes of coarse gravel, five sizes of river sand and three sizes of glass spheres as porous media. To make the findings more reliable, the expressions relating λ and Re are subjected to porosity, tortuosity and wall effect corrections.
Pseudoplagiostoma perseae sp. nov. causes leaf spot disease on avocado leaves in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Chao-jung , Chen Jin Liang , Tzean Shean Shong , Ni Hui Fang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Leaf spot disease is commonly found on leaves of avocado plants in avocado orchards in Taiwan. Needle-like spots with yellow halos appear on diseased avocado leaves at the incipient stage, and these spots gradually enlarge and become brown lesions with black-brown centers. The causal agent of this disease is unknown. A Pseudoplagiostoma species was collected from these leaf spots. Evaluation of morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis using the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer operon, β-tubulin, and partial large subunit of ribosomal DNA markers identified this fungal species as a novel species, Pseudoplagiostoma perseae sp. nov. A pathogenicity test was conducted on three avocado cultivars, ‘Choquette,’ ‘Hall,’ and ‘Hung Shin Yuan.’ After 2 weeks of inoculation, needle-like leaf spots appeared on all three cultivars, and P. perseae was re-isolated from the spots of all inoculated leaves, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. This is the first report describing the novel species P. perseae, which was validated as the causal agent of avocado leaf spot disease.
Observation of tunable topological polaritons in a cavity waveguide
Authors: Gao Zhen , Zhao Dong , Wang Ziyao , Yang Linyun , Zhong Yuxin , Xi Xiang , Zhu Zhenxiao , Gong Maohua , Tu Qingan , Meng Yan , Yan Bei , Shang Ce 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Topological polaritons characterized by light-matter interactions have become a pivotal platform in exploring new topological phases of matter. Recent theoretical advances unveiled a novel mechanism for tuning topological phases of polaritons by modifying the surrounding photonic environment (light-matter interactions) without altering the lattice structure. Here, by embedding a dimerized chain of microwave helical resonators (electric dipole emitters) in a metallic cavity waveguide, we report the experimental observation of tunable topological phases of polaritons by varying the cavity width which governs the surrounding photonic environment and the strength of light-matter interactions. Moreover, we experimentally identified a new type of topological phase transition which includes three non-coincident critical points in the parameter space: the closure of the polaritonic bandgap, the transition of the Zak phase, and the hybridization of the topological edge states with the bulk states. These results reveal some remarkable and uncharted properties of topological matter when strongly coupled to light and provide an innovative design principle for tunable topological photonic devices.
Bridging Computational Predictions and Empirical Data: Insights into SARS-CoV-2 Mutational Impacts and Evolution
Authors: Shaukat Muhammad Arslan , Nguyen Thanh Thi , Hsu Edbert B. , Yang Samuel , Bhatti Asim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has unleashed a global health crisis, demanding advanced research into its genomic mutations and their consequences. Our study combines computational models and empirical validation to predict the effects of these mutations, aiming to understand their impact on the virus's behaviour, including its transmissibility and immune escape mechanisms. Utilising advanced prediction tools, we analysed mutations across the virus's genome, focusing on changes to both structural and non-structural proteins. This approach identified key mutations likely to influence protein functionality and the virus's evolution. Our findings, integrating computational predictions with real-world data, offer insights into SARS-CoV-2's evolutionary path and its implications for developing vaccines and therapies. We highlight the necessity of ongoing genomic surveillance and the combined use of computational and empirical methods to stay ahead of viral mutations. This study not only deepens our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 but also lays groundwork for future research on viral evolution and pandemic response strategies, emphasizing our approach's potential to inform public health decisions and research priorities.
The Relationship Between Temperament with Nutritional Status and Anthropometric Measurements: A Cross-Sectional Study in Adult Individuals
Authors: İÇER Mehmet Arif , ÇELİK Elif , KAYACAN Aybike Gizem , Karadağ Makbule Gezmen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
This study was planned to evaluate the relationship between temperament, anthropometric measurements, and nutritional status in adults.
Method
This study was conducted on 1317 individuals (673 women and 644 men) aged between 18 and 55. Participants younger than 18 years and older than 55 years, illiterate, pregnant, and lactating women were excluded. Descriptive information, dietary habits, and anthropometric measurements of the participants were questioned, the Nine Types of Temperament Scale was administered to the individuals, and food consumption records were obtained from the individuals with a 24-hour retrospective reminder method.
Results
It was found that the frequency of consuming three main meals was higher than that of consuming one in individuals with a high Type 9 temperament score. Type 2 scores of obese participants were higher than those of lean and normal body weight; Type 8 scores of overweight participants were higher than those of normal body weight. Daily dietary intake of protein, riboflavin, folate, vitamins K and C, calcium, iron, cholesterol, calcium, iron, and cholesterol were negatively correlated with Type 1 score; protein, magnesium, iron, zinc, and water intake were negatively correlated with Type 2 score. Type 3 score was negatively associated with dietary carbohydrate (CHO) (%), dietary magnesium, iron, and zinc intake, and positively associated with water consumption. There was a positive correlation between daily dietary cholesterol intake and Type 8 score and a negative correlation between the percentage of fat consumption and Type 9 score.
Conclusions
The study's results indicate significant relationships between temperament types, dietary habits, and anthropometric measurements. In this context, considering temperament types while planning the diet of individuals may be a new approach.
A Comparative Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles from Different Industrial and Bio-Wastes
Authors: Girgis Maher M. , Fathy Nady A. , Farrag Mostafa , Elnahas Mohammed A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAP), as a bioceramic substance, is indispensable for medical bone repair and replacement. As a result, it has a wide range of research and application opportunities in materials science and biomedicine. This study spotlights the feasibility production of sustainable HAP from diverse waste sources to showcasing their potential utilities for environmentally friendly applications and reduced ecological impacts. Thus, cement kiln dust, eggshell and buffalo bone wastes were applied for preparing main HAP precursors such as calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate and non pure HAP in bone, respectively. During reaction of diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) with extracted calcium sulfate; HAP was obtained via microwave and hydrothermal routes, while chemical precipitation route was performed in case of calcium nitrate extracted from eggshell. Non pure HAP in bone was treated by three methods; i.e., subcritical water process, alkaline hydrothermal hydrolysis and thermal decomposition to produce pure HAP samples. Characterization of HAP obtained was performed using XRD, FTIR, XPS, TGA, N2 adsorption-desorption at -196oC and SEM analyses. CaSO4-CKD and Ca(NO3)2-eggshell were successfully prepared HAP samples with rough surfaces composed of spherical particles into porous HAP with a high total surface area (93.8-150.3 m2/g), whereas HAP obtained from buffalo bone exhibited the lowest porosity (12.9–34 m2/g). The prepared samples outperformed the purchased HAP sample in terms of surface and textural qualities, with a Ca/p ratio of around 1.66, comparable to natural HAP. Conclusively, the calcium supplies derived from CKD and eggshells are superior suited to produce highly porous HAP samples than calcium sources derived from buffalo bones.
Velocious: A Resilient IoT Architecture for 6G based Intelligent Transportation System with Expeditious Movement Mechanism
Authors: S Delsi Robinsha , Amutha B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The Internet of Things [IoT] has provided fascinating solutions in various fields. As the significant usages of IoT in smart cities incorporate almost all the domains such as healthcare, Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), Energy sector, home automation, pollution monitoring, garbage collection, gardening, environment, road and rail transportation, education, public and private sector organization, etc., the need for developing an intelligent IoT architecture for every domain is a paramount criterion. In this research, we are interested in designing and developing, an IoT architecture, Velocious, which will provide a fast and speedy transportation system without delay and with a greater obstacle avoidance mechanism. The integration of sensors and actuators with a cognitive level of thinking based on circumstances leads to decisions with reasoning using the explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) concept. The procedure of data acquisition, data transferring, and data interpretation requires a federated learning concept with context awareness where the location, time, and situation act as the prime context in decision-making. It can be purported that the development of a smart city relies on different sectors, and consequently the development of an Intelligent Transport System (ITS), highly relies on expansion. Development, penetration, and growth of IoT technologies with seamless integration with other domain architectures too. To lead a smart and safe travel with fuel consumption, obstacle avoidance, and traffic management decisions are mandated with explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) which could be built in Velocious. This research provides Velocious to be applicable to incorporate integrating all the necessary information required for setting up decisions and making rules. These types of rules can also be viewed as a rule set with proper explanations in decision-making in critical circumstances. Meanwhile, the developed Velocious IoT architecture can also be integrated seamlessly with other IoT architectures for smart Energy, smart health care, etc., for the development of smart cities.
Open Abdomen Versus Primary Closure in Non-Trauma Patients: A Weighted Analysis of a Single Center Experience
Authors: Bunino Francesca Margherita , Zulian Davide , Famularo Simone , Mauri Giulia , Persichetti Giorgia Willy Ladini , Fabbro Daniele Del 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

IntroductionIn the last few years the open abdomen (OA) gained popularity in emergency general surgery. Our aim was to compare OA vs definitive primary closure (DC) in patients who underwent surgery for abdominal emergencies in a single referral center.MethodsEmergency laparotomies (EL) from 2017 and 2023 were reviewed and stratified in OA and DC. Differences were balanced by inverse probability weighting (IPW), and 90-day mortality estimated. Subgroup analysis was carried out for patients with Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) > 26, bowel obstruction (BO), bowel ischaemia (BI) and gastro-intestinal tract perforation (GIP).ResultsOf 320 patients, 167 were DC and 153 OA. Groups were different for ASA, Comorbidities, transfusions rate (TR), P-Possum score (PP), MPI, clinical frailty score (CFS), diagnosis and resection. Two balanced pseudo-populations were created by IPW. The 90-days survival rate was 50.8% for DC and 60.8% for OA (HR 0.79CI:0.40–1.55 p:0.502). At the Cox regression, CFS (HR1.125,95%CI:1.01–1.25,p:0.033) and BI (HR5.531,95%CI:2.37–12.89, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for mortality. TR (OR3.44,CI:1.44–8.23, p < 0.006) and length of stay in ICU (LOS_ICU) (OR1.13,CI:1.07–1.20,p < 0.001) were associated with major complications. OA did not modify mortality in case of BO, MPI > 26, and GIP. OA (HR0.056,95%CI:0.01–0.22,p = 0.001), and large bowel resection (HR6.442,95%CI:1.28–32.31,p = 0.040), were predictors of longer survival in the subgroup of patients with BI.ConclusionsOA was not related to a higher complication rate or higher mortality, but it resulted in a longer hospital stay and it did not improve the rate of ostomy. Only in the BI group the superiority of OA was established.
Unveiling the humanistic burden of C3 glomerulopathy in Italy: a narrative medicine multicentre project
Authors: Cappuccio Antonietta , Daina Erica , Gesualdo Loreto , Stea Emma Diletta , Pisani Antonio , Marino Antonella , Lamanna Gaetano , Tringali Edoardo , Tondolo Francesco , Pani Antonello , Floris Matteo , Pasini Andrea , Mastrangelo Antonio , Spoleti Fabrizio , D’Agostino Chiara , Greco Erika , Marini Maria Giulia , Vivarelli Marina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background.
Evaluating the impact of C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) on quality of life (QoL) and its humanistic burden is critical to a deeper understanding of the condition in clinical practice. This Narrative Medicine (NM) project collected C3G narratives to investigate QoL and humanistic challenges associated with C3G and to gain insights for a more profound knowledge of this disease.
Methods.
The project was conducted in Italy from January to October 2023 and involved eight hospital-based centres and two C3G patient associations. Illness plots and parallel charts were collected through the project website, along with a survey to collect sociodemographic and QoL data. Narratives were analysed using MAXQDA software and interpretive coding.
Results.
Seventeen adult patients with C3G and 14 informal caregivers participated in the project, along with 12 treating nephrologists who wrote 15 parallel charts. On receiving the diagnosis, 36% of patients and 20% of caregivers reported feeling anxious, while 46% of patients and 50% of caregivers expressed disbelief. Nephrologists experienced anxiety in 20% and found the diagnosis a challenging moment in 26% of parallel charts. Concerns about C3G evolution were reported by 25% of patients and 40% of caregivers and nephrologists, while reassurance was expressed by 42% of patients and 60% of caregivers and nephrologists. Treatments were defined as burdensome by 33% of patients and hopeful by 17%. Patient and caregiver satisfaction with the care pathway was reported by 58% and 60%, respectively, while 45% of patients, 18% of caregivers and nephrologists in 40% of parallel charts called for more research funding and therapies. C3G significantly impacted work for 50% of patients, resulting in an average loss of 52.7% of working days. The impact on social activities and relationships varied, with 40% of patients reporting a low impact and 40% a moderate to high impact.
Conclusions.
This project marked the first Italian NM initiative on C3G. NM has shown to be a valuable tool for understanding the C3G illness experience and raising awareness about the living with this condition.
A multistakeholder eDelphi consensus on geriatric rehabilitation care for Chinese older adults in contexts of flooding
Authors: Balikuddembe Joseph Kimuli , Zheng Yafang , Fu Pengbo , Ogaya Jerico B , III Don Eliseo Lucero Prisno 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Rehabilitation care is indispensable in promoting the healthy lives of people as they grow older, especially when they are experiencing an increasing burden of disabling conditions, like in the aftermath of floods and disaster emergencies. We engaged experts to seek their consensus on the interventions that were identified in a prior systematic review for enhancing geriatric rehabilitation care (GRC) for Chinese older adults to manage or live with disabling health conditions induced by floods.
Methods: We conducted the eDelphi consensus study drawing a composition of international experts across diverse professional fields both within and outside China. Using a pilot-tested and Qualtrics-generated eDelphi survey that contained 31 statements on interventions identified earlier in a systematic review a priori, experts were invited by email to independently rate them based on a 5-point Likert scale in two rounds (R1 and R2).
Results: Of the 200 eDelphi experts who were initially invited to participate in the study, 50 and 44 completed R1 and R2, respectively. A majority of them were male (R1 = 64% and R2 = 61.4%), Chinese (R1 = 68% and R2 = 70.5%), and work in disaster risk reduction field (R1 = 38% and R2 = 36.4%). Expert consensus at ≥=70% was only attained on 4 and 9 statements in R1 and R2, respectively. In R2, consensus dwelt on interventions for promoting timely psychosocial care, adequate resource allocation, as well as social support and participation.
Conclusions: While this eDelphi study contributes knowledge on promoting GRC in China and other contexts that witness ageing population and extreme climate events like floods, it agitates for further research, especially on the interventions that did not attain ≥50% consensus in R2.
Cognitive Reserve Modulates Mental Health in Adulthood
Authors: Porricelli Daniele , Tecilla Margherita , Pucci Veronica , Rosa Elisa Di , Mondini Sara , Cappelletti Marinella 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cognitive Reserve (CR) reflects acquired knowledge, skills, and abilities throughout life, and it is known for modulating cognitive efficiency in healthy and clinical populations. CR, which was initially proposed to explain individual differences in the clinical presentation of dementia, has subsequently been extended to healthy ageing, showing its role in cognitive efficiency also during middle age. Recently, CR has been linked to affective processes in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, major depressive and anxiety symptoms, and psychological distress, suggesting its potential role in emotional expression and regulation. Whether the role of CR in mental health extends to non-pathological adults, and whether this is only relevant in older age is not yet clear. The aim of this work was therefore to explore the relationship between CR and mental health in healthy adults, with a focus on middle adulthood (40–60). In a sample of 96 participants, we found a positive association between CR and mental health outcomes, such that a higher cognitive reserve index corresponded to fewer mental health reported symptoms. Specifically, a higher CR reflecting professional activities was associated with lower stress levels, especially in middle agers. Taken together, these data therefore suggest that engaging occupations may help maintain a robust mental health, especially by reducing stress symptoms during middle age. These results broaden previous findings suggesting that CR relates to affective components of mental health in middle aged and older adults.
Ten Years’ Real-Life Experience on the Use of Multikinase Inhibitors in Patients with Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Jerkovich Fernando , Capalbo Soledad , Abelleira Erika , Pitoia Fabián 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate objective response rates (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC). Additionally, to compare: i) ORR and PFS among patients treated with lenvatinib and sorafenib; ii) ORR and PFS among patients receiving lenvatinib as first-line vs. second-line and; iii) adverse effects (AEs) observed in patients treated with these medications.
Methods
Retrospective analysis of RR-DTC adult patients treated with TKIs at the Division of Endocrinology, University of Buenos Aires (March 2011-November 2023).
Results
Among 43 patients included in the study, 32 received sorafenib (30 as first-line and 2 as second-line), while 29 received lenvatinib (12 as first-line and 17 as second-line). The median PFS and OS for the entire cohort were 32.7 and 39.0 months, respectively. Lenvatinib demonstrated a significantly higher ORR compared to sorafenib (37.9% vs. 9.4%, p = 0.008). However, both drugs exhibited similar median PFS (23.2 vs. 16.0 months, p = 0.419). No significant difference was observed in ORR and PFS between patients receiving first-line vs. second-line lenvatinib. Sorafenib-treated patients experienced higher rates of hand-foot skin syndrome (69% vs. 41%, p = 0.032) and alopecia (25% vs. 3%, p = 0.018), whereas lenvatinib-treated patients had higher rates of proteinuria (31% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) and grade 3 hypertension (31% vs. 9%, p = 0.034).
Conclusion
TKIs demonstrated efficacy and tolerability comparable to real-world data in RR-DTC. PFS was not statistically different between sorafenib and lenvatinib. Our study will help guide physicians in making informed decisions regarding treatment sequencing with TKIs in these patients.
The effect of typicality training on costly safety behavior generalization
Authors: Kesim Işık E. , Pittig Andre , Wong Alex H. K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and objectives: Typicality asymmetry in generalization refers to the enhanced fear generalization when trained with typical compared to atypical exemplars. Typical exemplars are highly representative of their category, whereas atypical exemplars are less representative. Individual risk factors, such as trait anxiety, attenuate this effect, due to the high level of threat ambiguity of atypical exemplars. Although recent research provided evidence for generalization of safety behavior, it is unclear whether this generalization also follows typicality asymmetry. This study examined 1) whether participants exhibited typicality asymmetry in the generalization of safety behavior and 2) whether this effect would be attenuated by individual risk factors, such as intolerance of uncertainty and trait anxiety.
Methods: Participants were trained with either typical (Typical group, n = 53) or atypical (Atypical group, n = 55) exemplars in a fear and avoidance conditioning procedure. Participants acquired differential conditioned fear and costly safety behavior to the threat- and safety-related exemplars. In a following Generalization Test, the degree of safety behavior to novel exemplars of the same categories was tested.
Results: The Atypical group showed greater differential safety behavior responses compared to the Typical group. Higher trait anxiety was associated with lower differential safety behavior generalization, driven by an increase in generalized responding to novel safety-related exemplars. Limitations: This study used hypothetical cost instead of real cost.
Conclusions: Training with atypical exemplars led to greater safety behavior generalization. Moreover, individuals with high trait anxiety show impaired safety behavior generalization.