bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in antioxidant properties and their relationship to paclobutrazol‐ induced flooding tolerance in Welsh onion
Authors: Yiu Jinn‐Chin , Liu Cheng‐Wei , Kuo Chun‐Teh , Tseng Menq‐Jiau , Lai Yu‐Shen , Lai Wan‐Jun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Flooding is an important factor affecting Welsh onion production, because under such stress the production and quenching of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants will fail to be kept in a balanced state. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on the growth and development of Welsh onion plants (Allium fistulosum L.), particularly to evaluate changes in antioxidant properties.RESULTS: Welsh onion plants were treated with 0 and 2 ppm per plant of PBZ, subsequently subjected to non‐flooding and flooding‐stress conditions for 0, 1, 5, 9 and 13 days, followed by a 4‐day drainage period. Flooding stress was judged by any decrease in biomass production and chlorophyll content. The results indicated that PBZ applied to plants was able to protect Welsh onion from flooding stress. The increased levels of antioxidant activity in different systems, including α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)‐radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging, metal chelating activities and reducing power observed on flooding, afforded the Welsh onion improved flooding tolerance. Under non‐flooding conditions, the antioxidative activity of Welsh onion was regulated and elevated by PBZ pretreatment.CONCLUSION: It seems that the PBZ‐induced flooding tolerance of Welsh onion is mediated through increased activities of various antioxidative systems. Thus, pre‐applying 2 ppm per plant of PBZ 24 h prior to flooding could mitigate flooding stress. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Fruit quality and volatile fraction of ‘Pink Lady’ apple trees in response to rootstock vigor and partial rootzone drying
Authors: Bianco Riccardo Lo , Farina Vittorio , Avellone Giuseppe , Filizzola Felice , Agozzino Pasquale 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Partial rootzone drying (PRD) is a novel deficit irrigation technique consisting in the alternated wetting of only one side of the rootzone, which induces partial stomatal closure and increased water use efficiency. The effect of PRD and rootstock vigor on ‘Pink Lady’ apple fruit quality and aroma profile was studied using solid‐phase micro‐extraction in headspace and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.RESULTS: PRD irrigation generally did not affect quality attributes, whereas it influenced the aroma of the apple fruit. In particular, PRD improved the aroma of the fruit flesh, while it decreased the volatile fraction in the peel, where most of the compounds are concentrated. Taking into account the relative contribution of the flesh and peel (w/w) to the apple fruit, the volatile content of the entire fruit was increased by PRD irrigation in less vigorous trees on M.9 rootstock, but reduced in more vigorous trees on MM.106 rootstock.CONCLUSIONS: Differences between the two rootstocks were probably due to different ability to extract soil water by the two types of trees. A combination of the less vigorous rootstock and PRD irrigation may induce an improvement in the aroma composition of the apple fruit. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Erratum: Primary and recurrent retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma: Prognostic factors affecting survival
Authors: Chiappa Antonio , Zbar Andrew P. , Bertani Emilio , Biffi Roberto , Luca Fabrizio , Crotti Cristiano , Testori Alessandro , Lazzaro Gianluca , De Pas Tommaso , Pace Ugo , Andreoni Bruno 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWhen this article was originally published in J Surg Oncol. 2006 May 1;93(6):456–63 (2006), Ugo Pace's name appeared reversed in the byline. The correct name appears above.
The frontal bone skull post for image guided surgery of the nasopharynx
Authors: Vlantis Alexander C. , Chan H.S. , Hung Terry , Tong Michael C.F. , van Hasselt C. Andrew 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo describe the use of the mastoid skull post of a surgical image guidance system for image guided surgery and intraoperative navigation of the nasopharynx. This adaptation overcomes the limitations of a headset frame or head clamp and can be applied to open and closed surgery of the nasal cavities, sinuses, orbits, midface and anterior skull base.MethodsA sterile mastoid skull post of a surgical image guidance system was securely screwed into the outer table of the frontal bone and a passive reference frame fixed to it. The position of the reference frame relative to the patient's head remained constant during surgery.ResultsBetween August 2002 and November 2006, 22 patients underwent a surgical nasopharyngectomy using an image guidance system and frontal bone skull post. No surgical complications or complications of the frontal bone skull post occurred.ConclusionUsing the skull post of a surgical image guidance system anchored to the frontal bone to carry a passive reference frame provides real‐time visual information about the relationship of relevant anatomy to the surgical field on a fully mobile head in open or closed procedures of the midface and anterior skull base while accuracy and sterility are maintained. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:551–552. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Separation of ternary systems of hydrophilic ionic liquid with miscible organic compounds by RPLC with refractive index detection
Authors: Zhang Dongli , Deng Yuefeng , Li Chuanbi , Chen Ji 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA rapid and simple analytical method was developed for the simultaneous and quantitative determination and separation of hydrophilic imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, [C4mim]Cl; 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, [C6mim]Cl; 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, [C8mim]Cl; 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, [Amim]Cl; or 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide, [Amim]Br) with miscible ethyl acetate and EtOH and their mixtures using reverse phase liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index detection (RPLC–RI). The influence of 60 to 100% (volume percentage) methanol in the mobile phase on the IL systems ([C4mim]Cl, [C6mim]Cl, [C8mim]Cl, [Amim]Br, or [Amim]Cl)‐ethyl acetate‐EtOH was investigated. The optimum mobile phase for the system [C8mim]Cl‐ethyl acetate‐EtOH, [C4mim]Cl‐ethyl acetate‐EtOH, [Amim]Br‐ethyl acetate‐EtOH and [Amim]Cl‐ethyl acetate‐EtOH was methanol/water (60:40, v/v), and methanol/water (70:30, v/v) for [C6mim]Cl‐ethyl acetate‐EtOH. Under optimum mobile phase conditions for each system, the RSD of the retention time ranged from 0.02 to 0.04%, and the RSDs of the peak area percent ranged from 0.23 to 1.85%, which showed good reproducibility of the RPLC‐RI method. The RPLC‐RI method can determine IL, ethyl acetate, and EtOH simultaneously in 5 min, and the analytes, especially IL, can be eluted completely. The results show that the RPLC‐RI method can be used to separate and determine ILs in mixtures with organic compounds simultaneously and quantitatively.
Polyaniline/Maleic Acid Copolymers Composites: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Grigoras Mircea , Chitanu Gabrielle‐Charlotte , Popescu Irina , Pelin Irina‐Mihaela , Rimbu Gimi‐Aurelian 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSummary: Polyaniline/maleic acid copolymers composites were synthesized by chemical in situ polymerization of aniline using ammonium peroxidisulfate as oxidant, in the presence of water soluble copolymers containing carboxylic groups. Fine dispersions of composite materials, soluble in N,N‐dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide were obtained which can be processed as thin films and membranes for application as proton‐conductive materials for electrolyte membranes of fuel cells. The composites were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and thermal methods.
(Hetero) Arylene Polymers Having Polystyrene Chains as Branches
Authors: Grigoras Mircea , Mercore(Teodor) Viorela‐Mihaela , Cianga Ioan , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSummary: Four monomers; 1,4‐bis(1‐naphthyl) benzene (5 and 7) and 1,4‐bis(2‐ thienyl)benzene (6 and 8) containing one or two polystyrene short chains substituted in 2 or 2, 5 positions of central phenylene ring were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction of two polystyrene based macromonomers (3 and 4) with 1‐naphthalene‐ and 2‐thiophene boronic acid, respectively. By chemical oxidative polymerization using FeCl3 as oxidant, copolymers containing alternating phenylene and binaphthyl (9, 11) or phenylene and bithienyl groups (10, 12) and polystyrene as side chains have obtained. The exact control of polystyrene branch length was performed by atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene using as initiators 1,4 dibromo‐2‐(bromomethyl)benzene (1) and 1,4‐dibromo‐2,5 di(bromomethyl)benzene (2). Polymers were characterized by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, UV and fluorescence spectroscopy and thermal methods.
Thermorheological Simplicity and Fragility of Azobenzene Nematogenic Side‐Chain Polymers
Authors: Andreozzi L. , Autiero C. , Faetti M. , Galli G. , Giordano M. , Zulli F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSummary: The linear viscoelastic response of polymers from a nematogenic azobenzene methacrylate and its copolymers with nonmesogenic methyl methacrylate was studied. These samples showed thermorheological simplicity in the whole investigated temperature range, even across the nematic‐isotropic transition. The temperature dependence of the zero‐shear viscosity confirmed a thermorheologically simple behavior, which allowed interpretation of η(T) in the framework of free‐volume theory. The way the relaxation mechanisms tended to their asymptotic behavior was described in terms of fragility parameters, and a comparison of fragilities of the samples was carried out. The analysis of fragility and temperature dependence of viscosity provided better understanding of the way the architecture of these nematic polymers influences free‐volume quantities and determines relaxation mechanisms.
Thermal Properties of Poly(L‐lactide)/Calcium Carbonate Nanocomposites
Authors: Andričić Branka , Kovačić Tonka , Perinović Sanja , Grgić Adela 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSummary: Thermal properties of nanocomposites prepared of poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) and CaCO3 applying differential scanning (DSC) calorimetry and thermogravimetry (TG) were studied. Nanocomposites were prepared by extrusion process at 170 °C. DSC measurements show that CaCO3 has no influence on glass transition and melting point of PLLA but lowers its cold crystallization temperature. There is no difference in glass transition temperature of PLLA before and after extrusion. High temperature thermal stability of the PLLA in the composites is poorer than neat PLLA. Kinetic parameters also indicate greater reactivity of the system upon CaCO3 addition.
Synchronous reconstruction of the floor of mouth and chin with a single skin island fibular free flap
Authors: Wein Richard O. , Lewis Andrea F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectives: The goal this presentation is to: 1) Review the reconstructive options for anterior mandible through‐and‐through composite defects and 2) Instruct the audience in the application of the double‐skin paddle fibular flap in selected patients. Methods: Case presentation with review of the literature. Results: A 70‐year old male with an anterior floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma underwent composite resection that included resection of a 5‐cm ovoid component of overlying chin skin. The defect was reconstructed with a fibular osteocutaneous flap with a double skin paddle technique. Conclusions: Several reconstructive options have been described in the literature for extended oral cavity defects including the use of multiple free flaps, combinations of regional and distant flaps, and sequential reconstruction. This case report reviews the use of a single flap reconstruction of these defects for selected patients. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Benefits of interval‐training on fatigue and functional capacities in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: El Mhandi Lhassan , Millet Guillaume Y. , Calmels Paul , Richard Antoine , Oullion Roger , Gautheron Vincent , Féasson Léonard 
Published: March 2008

AbstractExercise intolerance and undue fatigue are common complaints in patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease. Reduced physical ability is due directly to the disease, but it is also due to physical deconditioning. The aim of this study was to test whether 24 weeks of interval‐training exercise (ITE) cycling can significantly improve physiological, neuromuscular, and functional capacities and alleviate fatigue in CMT patients. Eight CMT patients (4 CMT1A and 4 CMT2) participated in ITE for 3 nonconsecutive days per week. Cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, fatigue resistance, and functional capacities were measured before and after 12 weeks of supervised hospital training and again after another 12 weeks of unsupervised home training. Training was well tolerated. There were significant improvements in cardiorespiratory capacities, isokinetic concentric strength, and functional ability measurements. All patients experienced an improvement in their self‐reported visual analogic scale for fatigue and pain during training. However, there was no significant change in their isometric force production and indices of fatigue resistance after training. Although the improvement in exercise tolerance may be due in part to reversal of the deconditioning effect of their related sedentary lifestyle, this clinical trial suggests that ITE can benefit CMT patients especially in their functional performance and subjective perception of pain and fatigue. Moreover, the improvement observed at the end of the first supervised period ITE was maintained after the second unsupervised home period, although there was no further improvement in performance and tolerance. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Sporadic bulbospinal muscle atrophy with facial‐onset sensory neuropathy
Authors: Isoardo Gianluca , Troni Walter 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report a case of idiopathic severe facial‐onset sensorimotor neuropathy with no evidence of Kennedy's disease, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, amyloidosis, Tangier disease, sarcoidosis, chronic basilar meningitis, or Sjögren's syndrome. Clinical and neurophysiological features of this patient resemble those of four recently reported patients who were affected with facial‐onset sensorimotor neuropathy (FOSMN), a probably novel disease. The present report provides information about a further patient with FOSMN in order to better characterize the clinical and laboratory features of this disease. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Tissue Doppler imaging for detecting onset of muscle activity
Authors: Pulkovski Natascha , Schenk Peter , Maffiuletti Nicola A. , Mannion Anne F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is typically used to image and quantify tissue motion. We investigated whether this method would serve as a viable alternative to surface electromyography (EMG) in providing a reliable and valid measure of the onset of muscle activity. Ten healthy subjects performed maximal knee extension exercises at 0°/s (isometric), 60°/s, 120°/s, 180°/s, and 240°/s (5 times each, on each side), using an isokinetic dynamometer. Simultaneous EMG and TDI velocity (superimposed on motion‐mode ultrasound cine‐loops) recordings were made from vastus lateralis. All tests were repeated 1 week later. There was a good correlation between the onset times determined with TDI velocity and EMG: r = 0.78 (day 1), and r = 0.80 (day 2) (each P < 0.001). The mean difference (and SD) in muscle onset time between the two methods (TDI minus EMG) was −20.3 ± 31.0 ms (day 1) and −17.4 ± 27.2 ms (day 2). TDI represents a reliable and valid measure of detecting onset of muscle activity. The mean difference between EMG and TDI onset times (approximately 20 ms) is likely explained by electromechanical delay. TDI represents a viable method for measuring the onset of muscle activity; it may offer a non‐invasive alternative to fine‐wire EMG for use with small or deep muscles. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Abnormal crosstalk between pancreatic acini and macrophages during the clearance of apoptotic cells in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Bartel M , Hänsch GM , Giese T , Penzel R , Ceyhan GO , Ketterer K , von Knebel‐Döberitz M , Friess HM , Giese NA 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn chronic pancreatitis (CP), both the progressive loss of acinar parenchyma and aggressive fibro‐inflammatory reactions ultimately lead to irreversible organ destruction. Dying cells are normally removed by macrophages and elimination is associated with anti‐inflammatory cytokine switch. We investigated whether defective clearance of damaged acini by macrophages such as compromised phagocytosis or altered cytokine reaction occurs in CP and thus represents a causative link between acinar loss and fibro‐inflammation. In a checkerboard‐like co‐culture system, we assessed normal and CP macrophages for their phagocytic and cytokine responses to dying pancreatic acinar cells of normal or CP origin by FACS, confocal microscopy, QRT‐PCR, and ELISA. In CP, phagocytosis of apoptotic acini by macrophages was not impaired; however, the associated cytokine responses were gradually perturbed. Most interestingly, only normal acini suppressed TGFβ1 expression and accumulation specifically in normal macrophage cultures, while CP acini lost this ability. Both types of apoptotic acini induced pro‐inflammatory cytokine bursts of varying strength in both types of macrophages; however, the most significant difference (more than 50‐fold higher expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8) was evident between CP/CP and normal/normal combinations, indicating that acinar and macrophage alterations synergistically lead to the ultimate CP‐specific bias. In combination with in situ data comparing circulating inflammatory cells to pancreatic resident ones, our results indicate that cytokine expression in inflammatory cells undergoes spatiotemporal modulation, most likely through a successive interplay of acinar, stromal, and circulating factors. Thus, clearance of injured pancreatic acini by macrophages is associated with a unique cytokine reaction which may constitute a basis for progression of SAPE (sentinel acute pancreatitis event) to the irreversible fibro‐inflammation in CP. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors influencing the association between active ingredient and adjuvant in the leaf deposit of adjuvant‐containing suspoemulsion formulations
Authors: Faers Malcolm A , Pontzen Rolf 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: For an oil adjuvant to enhance uptake of a particulate active ingredient (AI), it is hypothesised that closer association between the two should result in higher uptake. Accordingly, factors important for the spray deposit size on grapevine leaves have been investigated for a series of model suspoemulsion formulations containing colloidal crystalline AI or fluorescent pigment particles and an emulsion of an oil adjuvant with different degrees of wetting and different spray volumes.RESULTS: Low spray volumes (<100 L ha−1) produced small deposits with high particle–adjuvant association. Complementary uptake studies showed increased uptake with decreasing deposit size, in agreement with the above hypothesis. Higher spray volumes produced larger deposits that consisted of annuli formed by pinning of the contact line by particles. Low surfactant concentrations favoured particles in the annulus and adjuvant separated in the centre. Intermediate surfactant concentrations produced annuli containing both particles and adjuvant, while with high surfactant concentrations the deposits were large with few annuli.CONCLUSIONS: Small deposits result in high AI–adjuvant association. With larger deposits, annulus structures allow for enhanced AI–adjuvant association (5–20 times greater). The formation of annuli appears to be important in enhancing the biodelivery of particulate AIs in adjuvant‐containing suspoemulsion formulations at intermediate spray volumes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
An innovative molybdenum column liner for oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope analysis by pyrolysis
Authors: Stuart‐Williams Hilary , Wong S. Chin , Farquhar Graham D. , Keitel Claudia , Clayton Stephen 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe most widely used method for pyrolysing samples for hydrogen or oxygen isotopic analysis involves heating them to greater than 1300°C in a helium stream passed through a glassy carbon tube in an alumina casing. There are a number of difficulties with this. Glassy carbon tubes are expensive and interaction between the carbon tube and the outer casing produces unwanted carbon monoxide by reduction of the alumina at high temperatures. The latter effect is overwhelming if temperatures of 1400°C or greater are used for pyrolysis. We experimented with lining alumina casings with pure molybdenum sheet. It is relatively cheap, conforms well to the interior of the reactor tube (to avoid carrier and sample bypassing of the carbon pack), resists high temperatures and neither oxidises excessively nor absorbs the gases. The main disadvantages are that silver sample cups must be used and that the molybdenum degrades over time by formation of the carbide. We can maintain sharp peaks, high precision and good accuracy over more than 700 solid samples for both hydrogen and oxygen. The reactors last longer for water injections. The molybdenum in the columns does not contribute greatly to memory effects. The precision of analysis is dependent on other factors as well as the pyrolysis column, but for oxygen we typically achieve approximately <0.2‰ (sucrose), <0.25‰ (water) and <0.25‰ (leaf), sometimes using only a linear correction of drift, after dividing the run into 1 to 3 segments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detergent‐free biotin switch combined with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in the analysis of S‐nitrosylated proteins
Authors: Han Peiwei , Chen Chang 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHigh‐throughput proteomic analysis based on a biotin switch combined with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) enables simultaneous identification of S‐nitrosylated sites and their cognate proteins in complex biological mixtures, which is a great help in elucidating the functions and mechanisms of this redox‐based post‐translational modification. However, detergents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X‐100 adopted in these systems, which are hard to fully remove in the subsequent MS‐based analyses, can suppress the peptide signals and influence the SNO‐Cys site identification and the reproducibility of the experiments. Here we developed a detergent‐free biotin‐switch method, which applied urea to replace detergents, and successfully combined it with LC/MS/MS in the analysis of S‐nitrosylated proteins. With this approach, 44 SNO‐Cys sites were specified on 35 distinct proteins in S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)‐treated HeLa cell extracts of proteins with good reproducibility. The LC/MS performance was greatly improved as analyzed with Pep3D and the amount of samples for analysis reduced from 40 mg used in the literature to 3–5 mg. For S‐nitrosylated targets detected both in the control sample and in the GSNO‐treated sample, extracted ion chromatography (XIC) was employed to estimate the quantitative change of S‐nitrosylation (S‐nitrosation), which facilitates the judgment on 'accept or reject' of the identified targets. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.