bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Merging Porphyrins with Organometallics: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Suijkerbuijk Bart M. J. M. , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe coordination chemistry of porphyrins has traditionally involved the ability of the porphyrin's tetrapyrrolic core to accommodate metal ions of varying charges and sizes, and on the organometallic chemistry of the resulting metalloporphyrins. However, the organometallic chemistry of porphyrins is not necessarily restricted to the metal bound in the porphyrin core, but can also be extended to the porphyrin periphery, be it through direct metalation of the porphyrin macrocycle at the meso or β position, or by attachment to or merger of the porphyrin skeleton with ligands, followed by metalation. This Review focuses on the synthetic strategies used for porphyrins with peripheral metal–carbon bonds. The exciting results that have been produced underscore the importance and future potential of this field.
Experimental study on emission characteristics of PM10‐fraction in coal‐fired boilers
Authors: Guo Xin , Chen Dan , Zheng Chu‐Guang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA low‐pressure impactor (LPI) was used to obtain size‐segregated dust samples at the inlet and outlet of ash collectors. The mass distribution, emission characteristics and the composition of different size particles of PM10‐fraction were studied. The results showed that PM10‐fraction of the four boilers had a similar bimodal distribution no matter at the inlet or outlet of dust collectors. The efficiency of dust collectors was the lowest between 0.1 and 1 µm for all dust collectors. The chemical composition of the size‐segregated ash showed that the elements Na and S are obviously enriched in finer ash which was possibly formed via vaporization and subsequent condensation of inorganic matter. The refractory oxides were the major composition in bigger size ash, which might be formed via char fragmentation, excluding mineral fragmentation and including mineral coalescence. Typical morphology of PM10‐fraction retained by LPI from boilers was analyzed by using a field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teratogenic Effect of Lithium Carbonate in Early Development of Balb/C Mouse
Authors: Nokhbatolfoghahai Mohsen , Parivar Kazem 
Published: August 2008

AbstractLithium carbonate is used as a standard treatment for manic depression. While researchers have investigated the teratogenic effects of lithium carbonate on embryos of various animals in later stages of development, very limited work has been done on the probability of effects at early stages of development. In this study, the teratogenic effect of lithium carbonate was investigated at earlier preimplantation through implantation stages of development of Balb/C mouse embryos. A therapeutic dose (i.e., 300 mg/kg b.w.) was injected into mice intraperitoneally on days 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 of pregnancy. Then, on day 15.5 of gestation, embryos were collected from the pregnant animals. Among the embryos, 71.7% were healthy, 10.7% resorbed, 3.1% showed lordosis, 8.1% were underdeveloped and 8.4% had eye malformations. Significant increases (P < 0.05) in the number of hepatic megakaryocytes and nucleated red cells were also observed among experimental embryos. Analysis of maternal serum proteins prepared from dissected animals showed a significant increase or decrease (P < 0.05) in the levels of serum proteins albumin, α2 globulin, β globulin, and γ globulin. This research on early developmental stages suggests that pregnant mothers need to be aware of possible teratogenic effects at early stages of pregnancy, although it has been thought that the egg envelope can prevent teratogens from entering. In this case, mothers may need to stop lithium carbonate treatment before they make a decision to become pregnant. Anat Rec, 291:1088–1096, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological Variation in the Allantoplacenta Within the Genus Mabuya (Squamata: Scincidae)
Authors: Leal Francisca , Ramírez‐Pinilla Martha Patricia 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe type IV allantoplacenta has been described for the New World tropical scincids lizards of the genus Mabuya; it possesses the greatest morphological complexity known among viviparous squamates. Although a common morphological pattern has been observed in the few species of this lineage in which the allantoplacental morphology has been studied, some morphological variations may be present among species and populations. Here, we report morphological variation of the allantoplacenta of twelve populations of the genus Mabuya distributed in different geographical areas in northern South America using light microscopy. It is found that all the populations/species conserve a general arrangement of the placental structures. In the embryonic hemisphere there are a placentome, paraplacentome, and chorionic areolas; these structures are related to histotrophic nutrition. At the abembryonic hemisphere, there are absorptive plaques for histotrophic transfer and respiratory segments for gas exchange. However, in some populations some distinctive features in the placentome were found. The presence in the uterine syncytium of non syncytialized columnar cell groups, and invasive cells and apical projections of the chorionic cells directed toward the uterine syncytium, constitute a localized endotheliochorial placenta. Likewise, variations found in the abembryonic region include a greater morphological complexity, such as the folded and delimited absorptive plaques, and highly folded regions at the abembryonic pole (folded respiratory segments integrated with folded absorptive plaques). These specializations allow a larger surface for the passage of nutrients and respiratory exchange. Replication and the regionalized differentiation of the absorptive plaques were probably instrumental in the emergence of specialized structures for nutrient transport such as the placentome and the different types of absorptive plaques. These developmental processes appear to underlie the evolution of the placental complexity within thegenus Mabuya by the morphological variation of serial homologous structures. Anat Rec, 291:1124–1139, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
All‐Trans Retinoic Acid and Intra‐Amniotic Endotoxin‐Mediated Effects on Fetal Sheep Lung
Authors: Kramer B.W. , Albertine K.H. , Moss T.J.M. , Nitsos I. , Ladenburger A. , Speer C.P. , Newnham J.P. , Jobe A.H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAll‐trans retinoic acid (RA) is a potent modulator of lung development. Chorioamnionitis, which is frequently associated with preterm birth, causes fetal lung inflammation and improves lung function but also results in alveolar simplification and microvascular injury. Endotoxin‐mediated chorioamnionitis reduces RA concentration in the fetal lung to 16% of control values. We hypothesized that administration of RA to the fetus before induction of chorioamnionitis would preserve septation of the distal airspaces. Time‐mated ewes with singletons were assigned to receive a fetal intramuscular treatment with 20,000 IU of RA in olive oil (or olive oil only) 3 hr prior to intra‐amniotic injection of endotoxin (20 mg, E. coli 055:B5) or saline, at 124‐day gestational age and 7 days after the fetal treatment. The right cranial lung lobe was processed for morphometric analysis. RA treatment did not affect chorioamnionitis‐induced fetal and systemic inflammation or interleukin‐8 concentrations in lung tissue. RA administration alone did not alter lung structure. Relative to control lungs (5 ± 3 mL/kg), lung volume increased similarly with endotoxin (22 ± 4 mL/kg) or RA plus endotoxin (20 ± 3 mL/kg; P < 0.05). Alveolar wall thickness was 4.2 ± 0.3 μm after endotoxin‐induced chorioamnionitis, 6.0 ± 0.4 μm in controls (P < 0.05 versus endotoxin) and 5.5 ± 0.2 μm after RA and endotoxin (P < 0.05 versus control, n.s. versus endotoxin). The ratio of airspace versus tissue was 4.6 ± 0.3 in endotoxin‐induced chorioamnionitis, 2.1 ± 0.3 in controls and 4.1 ± 0.5 after RA and endotoxin. We conclude that fetal treatment with RA did not prevent inflammation‐induced alveolar simplification. Anat Rec, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction of the Optic Canal‐Based on Multislice Helical CT: A Comparison Analysis with Skull Dissection of 40 Postmortem Cases
Authors: Zhihai Li , Qixue Gao , Baohong Tao , Jingyao Lv , Zhiyi Cai 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDecompression operation of the optic canal via the nasal path under endoscope is widely used, but it is both a challenging and controversial method. Unsatisfactory results were largely associated with otolaryngologists' limited understanding of the real anatomical situations of the optic canal before operation. To provide otolaryngologists with the real situations and data preoperation, multislice helical CT was used to reconstruct the images of the optic canal. Using multislice helical CT‐aided three‐dimensional reconstructive methods in combination with direct anatomic measurement, we dissected and analyzed the shape of the optic canal and its anatomic relationship with the adjoining structures in 40 intact postmortem skull samples. The In‐Space technique clearly showed the structure and the related region of the optic canal. The virtual endoscopy technique showed superbly the spatial appearance and topography of the inner optic canal and also gave the inner structure of the optic canal optically. There was no statistic difference in three‐dimensional reconstructive data with that obtained by anatomical measurements and thus can be used to directly instruct the clinic operation. These results demonstrate that a combined In‐Space technique with virtual endoscopy can accurately define the subtle structure and the related region of the optical canal. In conclusion, multislice helical CT‐based three‐dimensional reconstruction is of important value for clinical operations. Anat Rec, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detailed Process of Bone Remodeling After Achievement of Osseointegration in a Rat Implantation Model
Authors: Haga Maiko , Fujii Noritaka , Nozawa‐Inoue Kayoko , Nomura Shuichi , Oda Kimimitsu , Uoshima Katsumi , Maeda Takeyasu 
Published: August 2008

AbstractOsseointegration is regarded as the most appropriate implant‐bone interface in dental implantation. However, damaged bone with empty osteocytic lacunae driven by implant cavity preparation remains even after the completion of osseointegration. Although previous studies have suggested the occurrence of bone remodeling around implants, information on its detailed process is meager. Our study aimed to examine the fate of bone around titanium implants after the establishment of osseointegration on an animal model using the rat maxilla. Titanium implants were inserted into prepared bone cavities of the rat maxilla. Bone formation and maturation processes were evaluated by double staining for alkaline phosphatase and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, immunohistochemistry for bone matrix proteins, vital staining with calcein, and elemental mapping with an electron probe microanalyzer. Bone with empty osteocytic lacunae or pyknosis remained between the intact preexisting and newly formed woven bones at post 1 month. It gradually decreased to disappear completely by active bone remodeling with a synchronized coordination of alkaline phosphatase‐positive osteoblasts and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐reactive osteoclasts at post 3 months, thickening to be replaced by compact bone. Dynamic labeling showed two clear lines in the newly formed bone around the implant through this experimental period. Electron probe microanalyzer analysis demonstrated chronologically increased levels of Ca and P in the newly formed bone identical to those in the surrounding bone at post 2.5 months. These findings indicate that continuous bone remodeling after the achievement of osseointegration causes replacement of the damaged bone by compact bone as well as an improvement in bone quality. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromaffin Cells in the Amphibian UrodeleTriturus carnifexShow Ultrastructural Features Indicative of a Vesicle‐Mediated Mode of Cell Degranulation
Authors: Crivellato Enrico , De Falco Maria , Capaldo Anna , Laforgia Vincenza , Ribatti Domenico , De Luca Antonio 
Published: August 2008

AbstractRecently, suggestive evidence for piecemeal degranulation (PMD), a particulate pattern of cell secretion accomplished by vesicle‐mediated extracellular transport of granule‐stored material, has been provided by electron microscopy investigations in chromaffin cells of different vertebrate species. In this study, chromaffin tissue from the interrenal gland of the amphibian urodedeTriturus carnifexhas been investigated by quantitative transmission electron microscopy in search for ultrastructural clues indicative of a vesicle‐mediated mode of cell degranulation. Interestingly, a single type of chromaffin cell is recognizable inT. carnifex, which undergoes seasonal variations in its adrenaline and noradrenaline granule ratio according to an annual cycle that matches the trend of changes in secondary sexual characters. In this study, we looked for a series of ultrastructural changes regarded as highly specific for PMD. We calculated the percentage of (i) resting, unaltered granules (type 1 granules); (ii) granules with changes indicative of progressive release of secretory materials, that is, granules with lucent areas in their cores, reduced electron density, disassembled matrices, and residual cores (type 2 granules); and (iii) membrane empty containers (type 3 granules) in chromaffin cells ofT. carnifexduring the annual cycle. We found a significant increase in type 2 and 3 granules, accompanied by a significant decrease in type 1 granules, in the April and November samples. During the same seasonal periods, the number per net cytoplasmic area of 30–100‐nm diameter electron‐dense vesicles was found to be significantly augmented, and there was also an augmented percentage of chromaffin granules showing blebs or protrusions in their profiles. These ultrastructural data are indicative of an increased vesicle‐mediated transport of chromaffin granule products for extracellular release in the amphibianT. carnifexin accordance with the increased rate of catecholamine release. This vesicle‐mediated pattern of cell secretion suits the schema of PMD. In an evolutionary perspective, these findings suggest that PMD is a secretory pathway that has been highly conserved throughout vertebrate classes. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary Cilia: Cellular Sensors for the Skeleton
Authors: Anderson Charles T. , Castillo Alesha B. , Brugmann Samantha A. , Helms Jill A. , Jacobs Christopher R. , Stearns Tim 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe primary cilium is a solitary, immotile cilium that is present in almost every mammalian cell type. Primary cilia are thought to function as chemosensors, mechanosensors, or both, depending on cell type, and have been linked to several developmental signaling pathways. Primary cilium malfunction has been implicated in several human diseases, the symptoms of which include vision and hearing loss, polydactyly, and polycystic kidneys. Recently, primary cilia have also been implicated in the development and homeostasis of the skeleton. In this review, we discuss the structure and formation of the primary cilium and some of the mechanical and chemical signals to which it could be sensitive, with a focus on skeletal biology. We also raise several unanswered questions regarding the role of primary cilia as mechanosensors and chemosensors and identify potential research avenues to address these questions. Anat Rec, 291:1074–1078, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mathematical Analysis of Solanesol Adsorption on Macroporous Resins using the General Rate Model
Authors: Du X. L. , Yuan Q. P. , Li Y. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA mathematical model including convection, axial dispersion, external‐ and intraparticle mass transfer resistances, particle size distribution (PSD) and variation of isotherm (VOI) was developed for analyzing the adsorption process of solanesol by macroporous resins. The theoretical predictions were compared with the experimental data obtained at different conditions to examine the validity of the model. The results showed that the theoretical predictions were very consistent with the experimental data. The model parameters were investigated using the model developed. The results showed that: (a) As Pe, Bi, m, n, and a increased and b decreased, the time required to reach the breakthrough point was delayed and the loading capacity at the breakthrough point was increased; (b) When Pe is greater than 50, the effect of axial diffusion decreased to a negligible level, and (c) At the region of low values of m and n, the breakthrough curves changed severely and the adsorption column was penetrated through easily.
Towards Prediction of Stoichiometry in Crystalline Multicomponent Complexes
Authors: Cruz‐Cabeza Aurora J. , Day Graeme M. , Jones William 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe report on the crystal structure of urea (U) with acetic acid (A), its physical stability and its predictability using computational methods. The crystal structure of urea:acetic acid (U:A) shows hydrogen‐bond ribbons and a 1:2 stoichiometry. Crystal structure prediction calculations are presented for two sets of U:A stoichiometries: 1:1 and 1:2. A 1:3 stoichiometry is also partially explored by means of a synthon approach. The calculated lattice energies, along with hydrogen‐bond patterns, of crystal structures predicted with the three stoichiometries are presented and analysed to provide a rationalisation for the stoichiometry observed. Exploring stoichiometric diversity using computational methods provides a tool for the rationalisation of stoichiometry preferences in crystalline multicomponent systems and a first step towards their prediction.
Determination of tenatoprazole enantiomers and their enantioselective pharmacokinetics in rats
Authors: Guan Jin , Yang Jing , Li Jingjing , Li Xiaohong , Li Famei 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe enantioselective pharmacokinetics of tenatoprazole were studied in Wistar rats after the administration of a single oral dose ofrac‐tenatoprazole. Serial plasma samples were collected; and the pharmacokinetic behavior of each enantiomer was characterized using a sequential achiral and chiral liquid chromatographic method. Tenatoprazole was extracted from a small aliquot of plasma (100 μl) by one‐step extraction using hexane‐dichloromethane‐isopropanol (20:10:1, v/v/v) as extract solvent. Plasma drug concentration–time data were analyzed for each enantiomer by using a noncompartmental method. The AUC0−∞andCmaxvalues of (+)‐tenatoprazole were significantly greater than those of (−)‐tenatoprazole (P< 0.001). The mean AUC0−∞value of (+)‐tenatoprazole was 7.5 times greater than that of (−)‐tenatoprazole after oral administration ofrac‐tenatoprazole to rats at a dose of 5 mg/kg. There are also significant differences int1/2and CL/F (P< 0.01andP< 0.001, respectively) values between enantiomers. This study suggests that the pharmacokinetics of tenatoprazole are enantioselective in rats. Chirality, 2008. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In‐stent Restenosis in Bare Metal Stents Versus Sirolimus‐eluting Stents After Primary Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction and Subsequent Transcoronary Transplantation of Autologous Stem Cells
Authors: Steinwender Clemens , Hofmann Robert , Kypta Alexander , Kammler Juergen , Kerschner Klaus , Grund Michael , Sihorsch Kurt , Gabriel Christian , Leisch Franz 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundFollowing stenting for acute myocardial infarction, transcoronary transplantation of granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) mobilized autologous stem cells (ASC) has been shown to result in an increased in‐stent restenosis rate of bare metal stents (BMS).HypothesisThis study sought to compare the extent of neointimal growth in BMS and sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) after primary implantation, and subsequent transcoronary transplantation of G‐CSF mobilized stem cells.MethodsPatients with stenting of the left anterior descending coronary artery for acute anterior myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to receive a BMS or SES. Intracoronary stem cell injection was performed after G‐CSF application for at least 4 d and cell apheresis. The angiograms obtained after cell transplantation and after 6 mo were analyzed by quantitative coronary angiography.ResultsWe performed primary stenting and stem cell transplantion in 16 patients who received a BMS (n = 8) or an SES (n = 8). In 2 patients with a BMS, late stent thrombosis occurred after 58 d and 177 d, respectively. In the remaining patients, control angiography after 6 mo revealed in‐stent restenosis of >50% in no patients with SES but in 4 patients with BMS (67%). Late lumen loss and in‐stent plaque volume were significantly higher in patients with BMS compared with patients with SES.ConclusionsCompared with BMS, SES impair in‐stent intima hyperplasia after stenting for acute myocardial infarction and transcoronary transplantation of G‐CSF mobilized ASC. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atrioventricular Block: A Serious Complication in and After Transcatheter Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: Zhou Tao , Shen Xiang‐qian , Zhou Sheng‐hua , Fang Zhen‐fei , Hu Xin‐qun , Zhao Yan‐shu , Qi Shu‐shan , Zhou Zheng , Li Jiang , Lv Xiao‐lin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter closure is an effective approach for perimembranous ventricular septal defects (PMVSD). However, atrioventricular blocks (AVB) emerged possibly due to the close proximity of the PMVSD to the conduction system, but concern for the complication was not adequately emphasized. In this study, we report the incidence of AVBs, in and after transcatheter closure of a PMVSD, and the outcome of the complication in our center.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐eight PMVSD patients were accepted for transcatheter closure with Amplazter PMVSD occluder (AGA Medical, Plymouth, Minn., USA). The procedure was discontinued when a second‐ or third‐degree AVB occurred. A steroid was administered to all patients who developed AVBs. Temporary pacemakers were inserted in patients who developed a complete AVB or Mobitz type II AVB during or after the procedure.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period of 6–24 mo (mean 10.6 ± 3.9), the incidence of AVBs occurring during or after transcatheter closure of PMVSD was 3.5%. The AVB disappeared quickly after discontinuing the procedure in patients who developed AVBs during the procedure, whereas the AVBs disappeared between 2 and 21 d (mean 8.0 ± 8.8) in the patients who developed AVBs after the procedure. However, complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB) was observed, and a transient complete AVB emerged after 8 mo in 1 case, incomplete right bundle branch block (IRBBB) in 1 case, and CRBBB and left anterior hemiblock (LAH) in 1 case.ConclusionsThe AVB is a serious complication during and after transcathter closure of PMVSD. More attention should be paid to the complication, and multicentres are required to monitor the complication. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.