bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of unique natural product scaffolds by Fe(II)/αKG-dependent oxygenases
Authors: Awakawa Takayoshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fe(II)/αKG-dependent oxygenases are multifunctional oxidases responsible for the formation of unique natural product skeletons. Studies of these enzymes are important because the knowledge of their catalytic functions, enzyme structures, and reaction mechanisms can be used to create non-natural enzymes through mutation and synthesize non-natural compounds. In this review, I will introduce the research we have conducted on two fungal Fe(II)/αKG-dependent oxygenases, TlxI-J and TqaL. TlxI-J is the first Fe(II)/αKG-dependent oxygenase type enzyme heterodimer that catalyzes consecutive oxidation reactions, hydroxylation followed by retro-aldol or ketal formation, to form the complex skeletons of meroterpenoids. TqaL is the first naturally occurring aziridine synthase, and I will discuss the mechanism of its unique C–N bond formation in nonproteinogenic amino acid biosynthesis. This review will advance research on the discovery of new enzymes and the analysis of their functions by reviewing the structures and functions of these extraordinary Fe(II)/αKG-dependent oxygenases, and promote their use in the synthesis of new natural medicines.

Graphical Abstract
Development of Gallium Nitride Coating via Aerosol Deposition
Authors: Zhou Shaoyun , Elsenberg Andreas , Huang Chunjie , Schulze Camilla , Gaertner Frank , Ogawa Kazuhiro , Klassen Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study primarily demonstrates the feasibility of using aerosol deposition to produce thin GaN coatings through systematic investigation. To date, the roles of particle size and powder morphology in the consolidation of ceramic particles during aerosol deposition remain unclear. To enhance understanding of this process, two GaN powders, one coarse agglomerated and the other a fine monolithic powder, were deposited under various process conditions. The findings revealed that fine GaN powder is more effective in forming denser coating layers as compared to agglomerated GaN powder. Furthermore, the use of helium gas at higher pressures was observed to enhance coating formation in comparison with nitrogen gas. This study not only validates the potential of aerosol deposition for forming thin GaN coatings but also contributes to our understanding of the critical role that particle sizes play in the aerosol deposition process.
A transaction-cost model of chronic specie scarcity and the evolution of monetary structures in constrained colonial economies
Authors: Grubb Farley 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A transaction-cost model of monetary choice is used to justify colonists’ claims that specie money for executing within-colony trades and paying local taxes was chronically scarce in Britain’s pre-nineteenth century North American colonies. This scarcity is shown to be the result of individual rational maximizing choice behavior given the constraints imposed on the colonies by their mother country. By contrast, the conventional quantity-theory-of-money, specie-flow model indicates that a chronic specie scarcity equilibrium is impossible. Implicit assumptions in the quantity-theory-of-money model are shown to not apply to these colonial economies. The transaction-cost model developed here builds on the Walrasian–Arrow–Debreu general equilibrium model by incorporating transaction costs and media-of-exchange structures into the market clearing mechanism. Specie (outside money) and non-specie-money media-of-exchange structures (inside monies), which have differing transaction costs, are added to the model. Those additions, along with import substitution and trade-control constraints, identify the plausible circumstances that yield a chronic specie scarcity outcome in a colony. Whether the individual rational maximizing monetary choices that produce chronic specie scarcity in a colony lead to sub-optimal or to optimal social welfare outcomes in that colony depends on what non-specie media-of-exchange structures emerge as the inside money in that colony.
The Effect of Laser Structuring on Hot-Press Joined Metal-Polymer Cross Tension Joints
Authors: Chey Suk Young , Hong Sungjin , Kim Do Hoi , Ahn Sung-Hoon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines the effects of laser surface structuring on the cross-tension strength of metal-polymer hybrid joints, focusing on ASTM A1008 steel and two polymers: high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyamide with 50% glass fiber (PAGF50%). By varying laser parameters—such as power, scan speed, repetition count, hatch distance, groove patterns, and polymer thickness—the results show that optimal joining strength for steel-HDPE cross-tension specimens is achieved when the hatch distance is smaller than the effective groove width, which includes the recast structures, with minimal influence from repetition count and pattern. Notably, thicker HDPE specimens (5 mm) exhibited up to 54% greater joining strength than thinner ones (3 mm), attributed to enhanced resistance to deformation. Maximum strength for PAGF50% was achieved with a single repetition and a transverse groove pattern, leveraging recast structures that promote chemical bonding. Analysis indicates that cross-tension specimen strength is generally lower than that of T-joints due to edge-initiated fractures, underscoring the importance of specimen dimensions. These findings provide practical guidelines for optimizing laser structuring parameters to enhance joint performance in high-strength, lightweight metal-polymer applications.
Microneedle-Based Approaches for Skin Disease Treatment
Authors: Han Yanhua , Qin Xiaoyu , Lin Weisen , Wang Chen , Yin Xuanying , Wu Jiaxin , Chen Yang , Chen Xiaojia , Chen Tongkai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The use of microneedles (MNs) has been established as an effective transdermal drug delivery strategy that has been extensively deployed for treating various diseases, including skin diseases. MNs can surpass the constraints of conventional drug delivery methods by their superior safety and efficacy through precise targeting, while simultaneously enabling painless delivery. Currently, MNs are increasingly used as carriers for drug delivery, with the loading of insoluble drugs to improve their treatment efficiency or combining with bioactive substances for the construction of an efficient drug delivery system to maximize the effects of bioactive substances. The methods used for preparation MNs are diverse, enabling them to meet the requirements of most applications. The emergence of MNs has addressed the shortcomings associated with insoluble drugs, expanded the applications of bioactive substances, and improved their use in clinical practice. This review summarizes current information on the application of MNs in a variety of skin diseases, such as psoriasis, vitiligo, alopecia, hypertrophic scarring, atopic dermatitis, melanoma, acne, and skin infections. The current clinical applications and future opportunities for MNs in the treatment of skin diseases are also discussed. Despite substantial progress in the clinical application of MNs as delivery vectors, issues such as low drug loading and poor mechanical strength during MNs preparation remain the main challenges. Therefore, clinical implementation of MNs-based therapies remains limited, highlighting key opportunities for future research.
Local Narratives and Political Aspirations of Puyang Literati from the Late Tang to the Early Song
Authors: Weiling Chang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Established studies show that after the fall of the capital-based elites during the end of the Tang dynasty, the Northern Song literati became active in serving the central government. However, after the century-long Interregnum (878–978), during which literati from the South remained beyond the rule of the Central Plains dynasties, how did they establish a cooperative relationship with the emerging Song court? Taking Puyang in Fujian as an example, this article analyzes the writings of Puyang literati to illustrate how their narratives shaped political relationships between the center and periphery. It demonstrates how literati responded variously to specific political contexts, sometimes showcasing their own local identity and at other times extolling the rule of the Central Plains. The case of Puyang reveals that the challenging political environment of the Interregnum actually stimulated and accelerated cooperation between the Central Plains and the local literati through civil service examinations.
Artificial intelligence in mental health care: a systematic review of diagnosis, monitoring, and intervention applications
Authors: Cruz-Gonzalez Pablo , He Aaron Wan-Jia , Lam Elly PoPo , Ng Ingrid Man Ching , Li Mandy Wingman , Hou Rangchun , Chan Jackie Ngai-Man , Sahni Yuvraj , Vinas Guasch Nestor , Miller Tiev , Lau Benson Wui-Man , Sánchez Vidaña Dalinda Isabel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been recently applied to different mental health illnesses and healthcare domains. This systematic review presents the application of AI in mental health in the domains of diagnosis, monitoring, and intervention. A database search (CCTR, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus) was conducted from inception to February 2024, and a total of 85 relevant studies were included according to preestablished inclusion criteria. The AI methods most frequently used were support vector machine and random forest for diagnosis, machine learning for monitoring, and AI chatbot for intervention. AI tools appeared to be accurate in detecting, classifying, and predicting the risk of mental health conditions as well as predicting treatment response and monitoring the ongoing prognosis of mental health disorders. Future directions should focus on developing more diverse and robust datasets and on enhancing the transparency and interpretability of AI models to improve clinical practice.
The Moral of the Story: Contesting Narratives at the Nexus of Science and Policy During COVID-19
Authors: Tuohy Carolyn Hughes 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUsing the case of the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies in the United Kingdom as illustration, this essay offers a framework for understanding the role of narratives and competition among narratives in mediating the relationships between scientific advisers and policymakers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout the pandemic, competing judgments about scientific independence and democratic accountability, about the risks of action and inaction, and about the appropriate balance of costs and benefits to society as a whole and to subgroups of the population were filtered through the narrative perspectives of different discourse coalitions. This narrativization of the process had both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, it provided common platforms for the integration of disparate types of knowledge relevant to policymaking. On the other hand, narratives provided platforms for rival coalitions in ongoing contests that left unresolved the central normative questions of distributional fairness and democratic accountability.
Health Policy and Innocent Threats: Abortion and Time Limits, Pandemics and Harm Prevention
Authors: Kamm F. M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis essay considers how the fact that some morally innocent person is nevertheless a threat to others can bear on the permissibility of health policies that harm some to protect others. Two types of innocent threats are distinguished. In the case of abortion, it is argued that even if the embryo/fetus were a person, abortion could be permissible to protect a woman’s life, health, or bodily autonomy. Whether there nevertheless should be time limits on abortions and what surprising form such limits might take are also considered. In the case of pandemics, it is suggested that discussions of health policies should, but often do not, distinguish morally between innocent threats and their potential victims as well as between providing benefits to people and preventing harms to them. The essay also examines discussions of pandemics by health professionals that make use of the trolley problem, the doctrine of double effect, and related philosophical distinctions.
Interaction between small-scale fisheries and wintering seabirds in a Mediterranean Sea coastal area
Authors: Salvador Paolo , Fracaros Saverio , Sponza Stefano 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Bycatch, the incidental capture of non-target species in fishing gear, has been recognised as the most significant global conservation threat affecting seabird species. Geographically, bycatch rates vary widely, depending on local fishing efforts, environmental features, and seabird community composition. Regional and local research is essential due to the complexity of accurately extrapolating general conclusions regarding the impacts of bycatch. Existing European bycatch research predominantly focuses on northern regions, leaving a significant knowledge gap regarding bycatch in the Mediterranean Sea. This work presents findings of wintering diving seabirds as bycatch of small-scale fisheries in a coastal area of the northern Adriatic Sea, based on data collected between 2021 and 2023. Seabird distribution varied along the depth profile. The bathymetric range between 3 m and 5 m was the most exploited by fishermen. Bycatch of seabirds was confirmed in the study area, with five species recorded, i.e. Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis, Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata, Black-throated Loon Gavia arctica, Mediterranean Shag Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii, and Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus. Our results suggest that bathymetry likely plays a strong influence on bycatch occurrence. Incidental captures were not widespread but appeared concentrated in the shallowest depths <5 m and the range <2.5 m was identified as particularly susceptible due to the low associated fishing effort and the majority of bycatch events recorded. We estimate that between 46 and 108 birds were incidentally captured during the research period. This study identifies key factors shaping the areas of bycatch vulnerability and risk, proposing a spatial–temporal mitigation framework within Natura 2000 sites and highlighting the value of local stakeholders’ engagement.
Extending Wormald’s differential equation method to one-sided bounds
Authors: Bennett Patrick , MacRury Calum 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this note, we formulate a ‘one-sided’ version of Wormald’s differential equation method. In the standard ‘two-sided’ method, one is given a family of random variables that evolve over time and which satisfy some conditions, including a tight estimate of the expected change in each variable over one-time step. These estimates for the expected one-step changes suggest that the variables ought to be close to the solution of a certain system of differential equations, and the standard method concludes that this is indeed the case. We give a result for the case where instead of a tight estimate for each variable’s expected one-step change, we have only an upper bound. Our proof is very simple and is flexible enough that if we instead assume tight estimates on the variables, then we recover the conclusion of the standard differential equation method.
R.J. Morris and public history
Authors: Warwick Tosh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
R.J. (Bob) Morris’ contribution to debates around the history of class, associational culture and urban governance have underpinned numerous publications across the decades. This article extends the appreciation of Bob’s work to reflect on how his approach to documenting, demystifying and disseminating the history and heritage of cities and industrial places – including through his use of photography – made a notable impact at the interface between urban and public history and has had a lasting impact on future generations of urban historians’ approach to understanding the historic built environment.
Urine biomarkers, acute kidney injury, and fluid overload in neonatal cardiac surgery
Authors: Sullenger Rebecca D. , Kilborn Alison G. , Chamberlain Reid C. , Hill Kevin D. , Gbadegesin Rasheed A. , Hornik Christoph P. , Thompson Elizabeth J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) and fluid overload (FO) are common among neonates who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass, and increase mortality risk. Current diagnostic criteria may delay diagnosis. Thus, there is a need to identify urine biomarkers that permit earlier and more accurate diagnosis.

Methods:
This single-centre ancillary prospective cohort study describes age- and disease-specific ranges of 14 urine biomarkers at perioperative time points and explores associations with CS-AKI and FO. Neonates (≤28 days) undergoing cardiac surgery were included. Preterm neonates or those who had pre-operative acute kidney injury were excluded. Urine biomarkers were measured pre-operatively, at 0 to < 8 hours after surgery, and at 8 to 24 hours after surgery. Exploratory outcomes included CS-AKI, defined by the modified Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria, and>10% FO, both measured at 48 hours after surgery.

Results:
Overall, α-glutathione S-transferase, β-2 microglobulin, albumin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, osteopontin, uromodulin, clusterin, and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations peaked in the early post-operative period; over the sampling period, kidney injury molecule-1 increased and trefoil factor-3 decreased. In the early post-operative period, β-2 microglobulin and α-glutathione S-transferase were higher in neonates who developed CS-AKI; and clusterin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, osteopontin, and α-glutathione S-transferase were higher in neonates who developed FO.

Conclusion:
In a small, single-centre cohort, age- and disease-specific urine biomarker concentrations are described. These data identify typical trends and will inform future studies.
Ka-band single-pole double-throw switch in GaN MMIC technology
Authors: Ghozati Seyed Urman , Quaglia Roberto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work describes the design process of a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) microwave switch operating at Ka-band. It is tailored to a tunable reflective termination design that can be used in tunable power amplifier configurations. A high electron mobility transistor and a resonating network are employed in shunt configuration to enhance the performance in the output port’s active and inactive conditions. The small and large signal measurements showcase a 2 GHz bandwidth with an insertion loss and isolation better than −1.8 dB and −25 dB, respectively, and handling power levels of up to 3 W at 30.5 GHz. The load-pull measurements across the entire Smith chart offer comprehensive insights into the behavior of the SPDT when operating with complex and reactive loads, fulfilling the purpose of tunable reactive termination.
Impact of Upper‐Plate Faulting on Megathrust Foreshocks: Insights From the 2014 Iquique Earthquake
Authors: Julve J. , Moreno M. , Barbot S. , Tassara A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe role of upper‐plate faulting in the seismic cycle of large megathrust earthquakes remains poorly understood. We use quasi‐dynamic numerical simulations of seismic cycles to analyze the interaction between crustal faulting and the foreshock sequence of the 2014 Iquique (Mw 8.2) earthquake in Northern Chile. Multi‐cycle models incorporating upper‐plate faulting align better with coseismic displacements, replicating events akin to the Iquique earthquake. Upper‐plate faulting significantly influences foreshock seismicity and deformation patterns. By calibrating the average hydraulic state—varying the effective normal stress—along the megathrust with pre‐earthquake seismicity, we find that lower pore pressure ratios result in more seismicity before the mainshock. This implies that the hydraulic state of the megathrust is critical for foreshock activity. This comprehensive modeling approach underscores the importance of the mechanical interplay between the megathrust and upper‐plate faults in precursory sequences of large subduction zone earthquakes.
Vertical and horizontal bone loss following alveolar socket preservation using bone grafts and autologous platelet concentrates vs bone grafts alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Davda Shivang , Shado Rawand , Novo Pereira Ines , Madruga David , Hassan Haidar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Socket preservation is a proactive approach that limits bone loss after tooth extraction to maintain adequate bone volume, height and width. Many methods have proven effective in achieving socket preservation, including using various bone grafts and autologous platelet concentrates (APCs). Combining these two methods may lead to improved results in socket preservation and patient outcomes.

Aims
To compare the combined use of APCs and bone grafts in socket preservation, with the use of bone grafts alone. Primary outcomes were radiographic vertical bone loss (VBL) and horizontal bone loss (HBL).

Methods
A search on Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar databases was conducted to identify human studies using APCs in extraction sockets between January 2014 and August 2024. The inclusion criteria involved comparative human studies ranging from evidence levels II to III (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence). For assessing bias in the included studies, the Cochrane Risk of Bias tools were used. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to determine the quality of evidence available.

Results
A total of five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the analysis. Studies included the use of platelet rich fibrin (PRF), injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF), advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF), advanced platelet rich fibrin plus (A-PRF+) and concentrated growth factors (CGF). The risk of bias was judged high and moderate for two out of five RCTs. The analysis revealed a combined effect size for VBL reduction, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of −0.83 (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval (CI) = [−1.2, −0.57]; I² = 73.13%). For HBL reduction, the combined effect size was SMD = −0.72 (p < 0.001; 95% CI = [−1.08, −0.37]; I² = 68.34%). The overall evidence quality rating for the use of APCs in combination with bone grafts to reduce VBL during socket preservation was assessed as moderate, whereas to reduce HBL it was determined to be low.

Conclusion
The current literature demonstrates the added benefits of APCs combined with bone grafts in alveolar socket preservation compared to bone grafts alone in reducing vertical and horizontal bone loss. However, based on the GRADE assessment, the quality of evidence was judged low-to-moderate. Further randomised clinical studies would increase the certainty of the evidence.