bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discussion on the Advisability of Performing Exchange Transfusion in Neonatal Jaundice of Unknown Aetiology1
Authors: TROLLE DYRE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn a study of 1000 newborns jaundice of unknown aetiology was a common finding during the first week of life. In these children the bilirubin values were as follows:≤10 mg%in 26%of full‐term 62%of premature≤20 mg%in 6%of full‐term 11%of prematureIt is known from the the literature that there is a causal relationship between severe jaundice occurring in the first week of life and the subsequent development of athetosis. By carrying out exchange transfusion on children with a serum bilirubin value of ≤20%, and comparing the number with frequency of athetosis reported in the literature, it is shown that the following will be exchange transfused:(a) 2140 full‐term babies in order to prevent subsequent atheticsis in one, but one runs the risk of 21 dying as a result of the procedure itself.(b)92 premature infants to prevent subsequent athetosis in one, but one runs the risk of 4 dying as a result of the procedure.The limit of 20 mg%is thus not appropriate. Through systematic investigations must be found better criteria for exchange transusing new born with jaundice of unknown aetiology.As opposed to this, the criteria for exchange transfusing Rhesus sensitised children are satisfactory. Admittedly it is unnecessary in the case of 44 out of every 100 children but, on the other hand, 56 will be saved from death or kernicterus, with the risk of death due to the procedure in only one case.
Nasal Eosinophilia in So‐called Bacterial Hypersensitivity in Asthmatic Children Preliminary Report
Authors: AAS KJELL 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA preliminary report is given of some studies concerning bacterial vaccines in asthmatic children. A method is introduced in which nasal eosinophilia is studied in connection with local applications of bacterial vaccines and controls. A repro‐ducable positive response is found in three patients of a selected group suffering from presumed “bacterial allergy”. In two of these patients focal asthmatic reactions are observed following the injection of minute doses of the vaccine in question. The method is briefly discussed.
Precipitating Antibodies in Human Sera from Different Age Groups and in Colostrum as Determined by Streptococcal Antigens with Diffusion‐in‐Gel Methods
Authors: HANSON LARS Å. , HOLM STIG E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe development of the immune globulins was studied by means of the determination of precipitating antibodies against β‐hemolytic streptococci in sera from different age groups—fetal, newborn, child and adult. The analyses were performed with diffusion‐in‐gel methods.In fetal sera after 18–20 weeks of gestation precipitating antibodies were found, but in a lower number than in the sera from the corresponding mothers. The same number of antibodies were found in the maternal and umbilical cord sera after 21–40 weeks of gestation as well as at parturition. The antistreptolysin O titer was also the same in the sera from the mothers and newborn. From birth till the age of 9–17 months a decreasing number of antibodies was seen. From this age a slow increase was noted and the level which was found i the adult material was approached in the age group of 13–16 years. The same immune electrophoretic characteristics was demonstrated for the antibodies in the different groups of sera as in colostrum.Finally a positive correlation was found between the number of precipitating antibodies and the antistreptolysin O titers.
Congenital Obstructive Emphysema in Infants
Authors: EIKEN M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThree cases of congenital emphysema in infants are reported. All had clinical signs from birth and were treated by operation at the age of 21/2 years, 51/2 months, and 4 days respectively. Likely causes of the emphysema, in the form of narrowing of the respective bronchi, were found in only two of the patients, one of whom was also suffering from hypoplastic achondroplasia.Aetiology, clinical features, and differential diagnosis are discussed, and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment is stressed.Obstructive emphysema of congenital origin has to be considered as a differential diagnostic possibility, when an infant shows signs of respiratory disorder, consisting in dyspnoea, cough, and possibly cyanosis during the first months of life.The diagnosis is based primarily upon the radiographic changes in conjunction with the history and clinical course.As a rule, the course is chronic. In most cases the treatment is surgical, viz. resection of the emphysematous segments.
The Vitamin B1, B2 and C Content in Urine of Premature and Fullterm Newborn Infants
Authors: DAHL M. , MARKKANEN T. , VANHA‐PERTTULA T. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe daily excretion of vitamins B1, B2 and C was studied in 24 newborn full‐term infants during the three first days of life, and in 15 premature infants on three successive days of treatment. No correlation was observed between the mothers' state of health during pregnancy, the number of previous births and the presence of certain diseases, with the daily excretion of vitamin B1, B2 and C in the urine of newborn full‐term infants.
Sleep Patterns in Infancy A Study of One Idant from Birth to Eight Months of Age
Authors: PARMELEE ARTHUR H. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA review and analysis of the sleep and wakefulness patterns of one boy from birth to 35 weeks of age has been presented. This boy's total sleeping time decreased gradually from 17.8 hours in the first week to 14.3 hours at 35 weeks. The most remarkable changes were in the increase in the duration of the sleep and +waking periods. The average longest sleep period for the first week was 4.4 hours and for the 29th week 11.7 hours. The frequency of wakeful periods dropped from an average of 7.5 in the first week to 4.2 in the 35th week. A diurnal sleep pattern is apparent in the Behavior Day Charts from the sixth week on and very definite after the 12th week. The sleep pattern noted in this case are essentially the same as reported in the literature cited. Essentially, all have noted predominantly a lengthening of single sleep and wakeful periods with maturation in the first year, rather than a marked reduction in the total amount of sleeping time.Possible neurophysiological explanations for the changes in sleep patterns are discussed.
Polycystic Kidneys in Newborns, Infants and Children A Clinical and Pathological Study
Authors: LUNDIN PER M. , OLOW INGEMAR 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwenty‐eight cases of polycystic kidneys in newborn, infants and children have been investigated clinically and histopathologically. Three more or less distinct morphological types of polycystic kidneys are described and in addition single cases of deviating appearance. The clinical and hereditary aspects are discussed. In Group I (spongy kidney) a single gene recessive heredity has been proved.
The Influence of Birth on the Weights of the Left and Right Cardiac Ventricles in Prematurely Born Infants
Authors: MITHAL AVINASH , EMERY JOHN L. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe mean ventricular weights of prematurely born infants who had lived for five or more days were compared with the mean ventricular weights of stillborns of equal crown rump lengths. The left ventricular weights suggest that there has already been some hypertrophy over that which would have occurred in vtero. The right ventricle growth continued at the same rate as would have occurred had the child remained in vtero.
The Morphological Development of Pulmonary Arteries During the First Years of Life
Authors: HERZENBERG H. , ESKELUND V. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe normal pulmonary arterial vascular bed undergoes a morphological development during infancy. The intrapulmonary arteries at birth have narrow luminae and thick vessel walls, thus resembling the structure of systemic arteries. During the first months of life, there is a progressive change, so that the lumen of the intrapulmonary arteries widens and the thickness of the vessel wall decreases.After 3–4 months of age, this development takes place more slowly, and after 8 months of life has almost subsided. In regard to the different types of intrapulmonary vessels, the elastic arteries (intrapulmonary arteries of greater size) seem to undergo an earlier development than the muscular arteries (smaller type of intrapulmonary arteries). Corresponding to the progressive vascular change during the first months of life, the hemodynamic behaviour of the pulmonary circulation changes from the high‐resistance circulation of the fetus to the low‐resistance circulation seen in the adult.
Subperiosteal Haemorrhage in Haemophilia A and B
Authors: CREVELD S. van , KINGMA M. J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryDescription of two cases of extensive subperiosteal haematoma of the heel in a patient with haemophilia A and in a patient with haemophilia B. These haema‐tomata gave rise to extensive destruction of the calcaneus. Discussion of the means by which recovery was obtained.We are grateful to Dr. H. A. E. Fermin and his staff from the Roentgenological Department of the Binnen Gasthuis for the preparation of the X‐ray films.
Serum‐total and L (+)‐Tartaric‐acid‐inhibited Acid‐phosphatase Activity in Various Diseases in Childhood1
Authors: LARON ZVI , KOWADLO AVIVAH 
Published: January 2008

SummarySerum‐total acid phosphatase (TAP) and L(+)‐tartaric‐acid‐inhibited acid‐phosphatase (TIAP) activities have been determined in 95 and 55 children respectively, suffering from a variety of diseases. It was found that in a certain number of children with rheumatic fever, diseases of the liver, lungs, kidneys and bones the variations in total‐serum acid phosphatase were considerably greater than in normal children. The activity of TIAP was significantly increased in rheumatic fever.
Time Intervals in the Electrocardiogram of Healthy Infants
Authors: COLEMAN ERIC N. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe standard limb leads of the electrocardiograms of 100 healthy infants were examined. The heart rate and the length of the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, T wave, ST segment, QT interval and the corrected QT interval (QTc) were measured. The heart rate showed wide variations throughout the period under review but decreased as age advanced. Sinus arrhythmia was encountered only five times but minor differences in the length of cardiac cycles occurred frequently. No other disturbance of rhythm was observed. The P wave, PR interval, QRS complex and T wave lengthened as age increased and, the P wave excepted, as the heart rate slowed. The ST segment tended to shorten both with increasing age and increasing heart rate. The linear association between the length of the QT interval and the heart rate was confirmed. The observed values for the corrected QT interval (QTc) fell within the range, 0.36 to 0.42.
Gamma Globulin against Rubella in Pregnancy: I. Prevention of Maternal Rubella by Gamma Globulin and Convalescent Gamma Globulin: a Follow‐Up Study
Authors: LUNDSTRÖM ROLF , THORÉN CLAES , BLOMQUIST BERNT 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn the present investigation, 251 women —who in 1956 had been exposed to rubella in the first 4 months of pregnancy—were given 4 ml of convalescent gamma globulin. An account is given of a follow‐up study, with examination of their children at 2–3 years of age. All but 5 cases were traced. Despite treatment; six women contracted rubella, i.e., an attack rate of 2.4%. Three of these six women aborted, and one had a child with malformations of the rubella syndrome type.Two of the 245 women showing no signs of manifest rubella had children with defects that might be ascribed to inapparent maternal rubella.Another 28 pregnant women were given 24 ml of ordinary pooled gamma globulin. None contracted rubella, two had spontaneous abortions, and one gave birth to a child with mongolism.The present investigation indicates that convalescent gamma globulin and ordinary gamma globulin have a protective effect against rubella.The following dosage is recommended for future use in pregnant women exposed to rubella. Rubella convalescent gamma globulin (12%), 12 ml i.m. as soon as possible after exposure; when this is not available, pooled gamma globulin (12%), 24 ml i.m.
Acute Respiratory Illness and Gastroenteritis in Association with Adenovirus Type 7 Infections1
Authors: STERNER GÖRAN , GERZÉN PER , OHLSON MARIANNE , SVARTZ‐MALMBERG GUNVOR 
Published: January 2008

SummaryDuring an epidemic in Stockholm in the autumn of 1959 adenovirus type 7 was isolated from 99 hospitalized children. There was serological evidence of acute gdenovirus infection in 75 cases. The virus strains could not be referred to types 7 or 7A according to the scheme of Rowe et al., since no definite differences between the prototypes for these strains could be demonstrated by cross‐neutralization tests. In addition to the symptoms of acute respiratory illness observed previously in such infections, many of the patients exhibited symptoms of gastroenteritis, for which no other cause could be established.
The Bacterial Flora of the Upper Respiratory Tract and Gut in Children of Nomad Lapps1
Authors: LAURELL GUNNAR , MELLBIN TORE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe incidence of bacteria in the respiratory passages and gut of Lapp children attending the six nomad schools in the County of Norrbotten, Sweden, was investigated during autumn 1957 and autumn 1958.The incidence of Staph. pyogenes, possibly to some extent originating from domestic animals, was high, particularly on the arrival of the children at the schools. This was also true of fungi. The Staphylococci were highly sensitive to most of the antibiotics against which they were tested.The antistaphylolysin titres (ASta) were almost always within normal limits, only 0.9% of the children showing titres over 2.8 U.β‐haemolytic Streptococci were present in more of the children after 7 weeks at school than at the beginning of term. This would indicate cross‐infection.The antistreptolysin titres (AST) were remarkably high, 26% of the children showing values exceeding 400 U.The incidence of Pneumococci and H. influenme varied greatly from one school to another.The overall incidence of bacteria after 7 weeks at school was higher in the more southerly schools, which might be due to infection from the sedentary population.Faeces culture resulted in fairly abundant growth of Staph. pyogenes, and pathogenic E. coli were isolated in eight cases.A new transport medium was tried. This gave enhanced results with H. influenzae, but less prolific growth of Staph. pyogenes and fungi.
Salmonella Septicemia and Aplastic Crisis in a Patient with Sickle‐Cell Anemia
Authors: MEGAS HERCULES , PAPADAKI EVANGELIA , CONSTANTINIDES BASIL 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of aplastic crisis in a child with sickle‐cell anemia and salmonella typhi‐murum septicemia is reported. Salmonello‐sis appears to be the most frequently proven infectious agent triggering the onset of aplastic crises in these patients. Steroids are of no real value in the management of the aplastic crisis. Their use in patients with sickle‐cell anemia during aplastic episodes may be contraindicated.
Tuberous Sclerosis in a Mother and Her New‐Born Son
Authors: BRORSON L. O. , FREDGA K. , HULTQUIST G. T. , LUNDBERG P. O. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryChanges typical of tuberous sclerosis were observed in a 28–year‐old woman and her one‐day‐old son. The clinical signs in the woman were skin lesions, epileptic fits, and low intelligence. In the boy the diagnosis was based on postmortem findings, notably changes in the heart and brain. The diagnostic criteria of this disease are discussed. No chromosomal abnormalities were found either in the normal skin nor in the fibroma on the nail‐bed of the mother.
Generalized Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease in a Newborn Infant
Authors: SVENDSEN HARALD MORTEN 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYA case of generalized inclusion body disease in a newborn premature male infant is reported. The diagnosis is based on the clinical picture, the demonstration of typical cells in a biopsy from the parotid gland, and a positive antibody titer against salivary gland virus. This is the first patient from Scandinavia in whom the diagnosis has been made intra vitam and who has survived, although with cerebral damage. Several diagnostic features are discussed. Early treatment with corticosteroids is recommended.
Quantitative Bacteriological Examination of Urine in Children with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: LYSTAD ARVE , GARDBORG ODD 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYQuantitative bacteriological examinations have been carried out in 287 urine specimens from 74 girls and 44 boys with urinary tract infection (17 girls and 21 boys below the age of 3 years and 57 girls and 23 boys between 3 and 12 years of age). Clean voided specimens were consistently taken from the boys. Partly clean voided, partly catheterized specimens were taken from the girls. Gram‐stained smears from the urine specimens were also examined in the microscope.The investigations show a good correlation between quantitative bacteriological results and clinical findings. The lower limit of 100,000 bacteria per ml from fresh samples of bladder urine as an indication of infection seems to be correct. There is good agreement between the results of the quantitative bacteriological examinations and direct microscopic examination of gram‐stained smears of the uncentrifuged urine. This supports the use of direct microscopy in diagnosis of urinary tract infections.In 50 double specimens from 49 girls without infection (the norm), and in 35 double specimens from 33 girls with urinary tract infection a correspondence was found between clean voided and catheter specimens in about 82% of the cases. It may be concluded that clean voided specimens taken lege artis and followed up by quantitative bacteriological examination should yield a reliable diagnostic method. The quantitative method can be used to distinguish between infection and contamination.The investigations indicate a strong tendency for microbes to develop resistance during treatment with chemotherapeutic agents or antibiotics. This emphasizes the importance of repeated bacteriological examinations of patients with urinary tract infection.The importance of obstruction as an etiological factor in urinary tract infection in children is supported.
Generalized BCG Infection with Fatal Course in an Infant
Authors: GARDBORG ODD , IVERSEN OLAV H. , TORHEIM BERGLJOT J. , HESSELBERG IVAR 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYA fatal case of generalized BCG infection following vaccination is reported. The patient, a girl BCG‐vaccinated at the age of six weeks, developed septic fever and leucocytosis at 5 1/2 months of age and died at 7 months of age in a poor condition with extensive edemas, icterus and severe attacks of general convulsions.Autopsy revealed disseminated tuberculosis. The histological picture showed little tendency to tuberculoid structure, marked caseous necrosis and myriads of acid‐fast bacilli in the affected areas. By bacteriological examination the acid‐fast bacilli were indistinguishable from BCG.Increased virulence or other changes in the BCG vaccine which might explain the fatal complication has not been found.Two of the patient's three siblings had previously shown definite signs of reduced resistance to infection, and both died at an early age from infections. Adding this to the patient's case history, one feels justified in concluding that a familial resistance impairment to infection is present. The cause of this deficiency is discussed.There are at present five known cases of fatal BCG infection following vaccination in Scandinavia, and the number of persons vaccinated is estimated to be between 6 and 7 millions. The probable incidence of fatal complications can thus be put at less than one case per million vaccinated.As the protective effect of BCG vaccination is beyond doubt and the serious complications extremely rare, there seems to be no ground at present for objecting to continued BCG vaccination.
On Relationship between Maternal Conditions during Pregnancy and Congenital Malformations
Authors: HEDBERG E. , HOLMDAHL K. , PEHRSON S. , ZACKRISSON U. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe relationship between maternal health during pregnancy and defects in the foetus was studied. A prospective method of study was used including about 15,000 pregnant women. A preliminary report of the first 3000 cases is given. The incidence of malformations was 2.3 %. Abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system were predominant. No relationship between maternal age or parity and foetal malformations was found. Mothers of malformed children gave a history of previous abortions about twice as often as controls. No relationship between sex and abnormality could be shown. There was a considerably higher rate of perinatal mortality and prematurity among malformed infants than among controls. The mothers of malformed infants had a higher morbidity prior to the actual pregnancy than the controls. No relationship could be demonstrated between various disorders during pregnancy and the occurrence of malformations in the child. The present series is too small to give reliable information about the importance of any single factor in the aetiology of congenital malformations. The investigation has clearly shown the advantages of prospective study.
Endogenous Formation of Carbon Monoxide in Newborn Infants1
Authors: BJURE J. , FÄLLSTRÖM S. P. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe COHb concentration has been determined in 35 normal non‐icteric newborn infants and in 29 infants with icterus of unknown origin. It is stated that the COHb concentration in blood well reflects the degree of red cell destruction. The results indicate that there is an increased haemoglobin catabolism during the newborn period and that increased degradation of haemoglobin contributes to the neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in cases without known haemolytic disease.
Family Background and State of Mental Health in a Group of Diabetic Schoolchildren
Authors: STERKY GÖRAN 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYIn a material of 145 diabetic and 126 matched non‐diabetic schoolchildren aged 7–20 years, the social and family structure was investigated. Family history of mental disturbances and actual mental symptoms of the children were obtained by interviews with the mothers. A diagnosis of the mental health of the children and their mothers was arrived at by clinical judgement. Roughly half the diabetic series was treated more strictly and intensely than the other.The diabetic group had a significantly increased frequency of mentally disturbed mothers who mostly displayed various anxiety symptoms.The frequency of children without reported mental symptoms was the same in the two groups. On examination mentally undisturbed cases were found as often in the diabetic as in the non‐diabetic group. The diabetics, especially the older ones, showed somewhat more symptoms per case. The most common symptoms among the diabetics were emotional lability and difficulties with companions.School achievements were evenly performed by the two groups and uninfluenced by the age at onset of diabetes.Diabetic children with pathological mental findings had a significantly increased frequency of mentally disturbed mothers. Cases of “poor” diabetic control were found to have mental symptoms more often than those of “fair” control. In the strictly treated diabetic group there was no increase in problems of adjustment, neither as regards the mothers nor the children.In order to avoid anxiety reactions, the need of careful instruction of both parents and children is emphasized.