bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WEIGHT AND VOLUME CHANGES AND ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF HYPOPHYSECTOMISED AND CAESARIAN SECTIONED PREGNANT RATS
Authors: Waynforth H. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rats hypophysectomised on Day 8 of pregnancy showed no growth or involution of the corpus luteum four days later but there was a significant increase in the total and free acid phosphatase activities. Hypophysectomy on Day 12 did not affect the expected changes in luteal weight and acid phosphatase activity but did increase the volume of the corpus luteum on Day 16 compared to intact pregnant rats. Concurrently performed hypophysectomy and Caesarian section caused a greater rate of luteal regression and a greater increase in acid phosphatase activity than did Caesarian section alone. Although involution of the corpus luteum was progressively advanced by 32 days after the initiation of gestation in rats hypophysectomised or hypophysectomised plus Caesarian sectioned on Day 8 and 12 respectively, there was no proportional increase in the acid phosphatase activity. The role of acid phosphatase in the structural regression of the rat corpus luteum is considered to be minimal.
DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIAN AUTOGRAFTS ON THE GREATER OMENTUM IN SPAYED HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS AND IN CASTRATES TREATED WITH METHALLIBURE, GONADOTROPHINS AND OESTRADIOL BENZOATE
Authors: Ber Artur 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hypophysectomy was performed at the same time as ovariectomy in 19 rats aged 6 weeks; in addition a fragment of the animal's own ovary was implanted into the greater omentum. The graft took but there was complete cessation of the growth of the implant and a decrease in body and uterine weights as compared to 15 ovariectomized controls of the same age killed after one month. This shows that the pituitary is indispensable for the growth of ovarian implants but not for their take.
In 84 spayed rats aged 3 weeks with ovarian implants, methallibure (6 mg/day in a 0.2% solution of Tween 20) was given by gavage during one month. Some of them were treated with PMSG (20 IU/day), HCG (20 IU/day) or with oestradiol benzoate (0.05 mg/day) only or in combinations. As controls, there were 74 spayed rats with ovarian implants, seven of which received Tween 20, and 67 were untreated. No differences were found between the two control groups.
Methallibure alone caused arrest of the development of the implants and uteri and a decrease in body weight. In the methallibure treated animals HCG stimulated the growth of the implant which was, however, smaller than that in the controls, while PMSG restored the weight of the implant even above that of the control rats. Oestradiol benzoate caused a further diminution in the size of the implants but augmented considerably the influence of HCG on the implants. It had no effect on the weight of the implant in rats treated with PMSG.
It is concluded that FSH is the principal implant growth-promoting factor and that oestrogens appear to act in two directions. They decrease the gonadotrophin output from the pituitary thus inhibiting the growth of the implants, but in the presence of gonadotrophins they act directly on the implants, promoting their development.
EFFECTS OF INCREASING DOSES OF PYROGLUTAMYL-HISTIDYL-PROLINE AMIDE ON SERUM THYROTROPHIN LEVELS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: Karlberg Bengt , Almqvist Sven 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of the administration of normal saline in four normal subjects and the single iv injections of synthetic pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline amide (TRH) in doses of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg in 12 healthy subjects were evaluated by clinical observations and serial measurements from −10 to + 360 minutes of serum TSH, PBI, STH, cholesterol, glucose and insulin.
Normal saline and TRH 6.25 μg iv did not change the serum TSH level. The minimum iv dose of TRH increasing serum TSH within 10 minutes was 12.5 μg. Nine of 12 subjects gave maximal increases of serum TSH after TRH 100 μg and all after 200 and 400 μg. The time for the peak response varied with the dose from 15 to 60 minutes. The dose-response curves, average and individual, were complex and not linear. This was interpreted as a varying degree of stimulation of both pituitary synthesis and release of TSH by TRH.
PBI changes were measured at 2 h and 6 h. Minimum dose for a significant increase of PBI was 12.5 μg and 6.25 μg of TRH for the respective times.
No change in basal STH-levels occurred in 53 of 65 TRH-stimulation tests. Nine of the 12 changes in serum STH occurred in four subjects with varying basal STH-levels. No changes were found in serum cholesterol, glucose or insulin.
Our results show that 50 μg of TRH can be used as a standard dose for the single iv stimulation of pituitary release of TSH. TRH stimulated both TSH and STH release in 18% of our tests.
DIURNAL VARIATIONS IN THYMIC LYMPHOID CELL DECAY. STUDIES OF INTACT, ADRENALECTOMIZED, AND ADRENALINE-TREATED MICE
Authors: Claesson Mogens Helweg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Diurnal variations in thymic lymphoid cell decay have been demonstrated using nigrosin dye exclusion to indicate cell viability. A two maxima curve was obtained during the period of observation (24 hours). Adrenalectomy prevented the variations and decreased the mean decay during the experimental period as compared to intact animals.
Injection of adrenaline into adrenalectomized mice resulted in a sharp increase in cell decay lasting half an hour.
SUPRESSION OF ANDROGEN AND OESTROGEN PRODUCTION IN NORMAL MEN
Authors: Kirschner M. A. , Knorr D. W. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An attempt was made to suppress production of androgens and oestrogens in normal men by administering large doses of exogenous androgens and corticoids. After 5 days of 40 mg fluoxymesterone qd, plasma testosterone concentrations decreased from 509 to 73 ng/100 ml (85%); on adding 8 mg qd of dexamethasone, there was a further decrease to 45 ng/100 ml. Androstenedione concentrations were decreased equally by fluoxymesterone and corticoids.
To monitor the suppressive effects of exogenous steroids, urinary LH was followed serially by radioimmunoassay, and decreased to only 40% of control levels after 5 days of fluoxymesterone, with no further suppression noted on adding dexamethasone. Nanogram quantities of steroidal metabolites were not adsorbed by kaolin extraction of urine, thus enabling gonadotrophins (kaolin extract) and low-level steroids (supernate) to be measured in the same urine sample.
Urinary oestrone and oestradiol excretion decreased during 5 days of fluoxymesterone, and continued to fall when dexamethasone was added. In no case was oestrone or oestradiol excretion, urinary LH or plasma androgens completely suppressed by large doses of fluoxymesterone alone, or in combination with large doses of dexamethasone.
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF HAMSTERS WITH POLYACRYLAMIDE IMPLANTS CONTAINING ETHINYLOESTRADIOL
Authors: Davis B. K. , Noske I. , Chang M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Mature female hamsters bearing subcutaneous polyacrylamide (PAA) implants, with ethinyloestradiol (EO), for at least 10 days prior to mating revealed:
0.5 and 2.5 mg EO in 7% PAA significantly disturb the timing of oestrus and mating, but have no apparent effect on rate of pregnancy, ovulation and implantation. 2.5 mg EO in 20 and 40% PAA conspicuously reduces the likelihood of pregnancy, although the occurrence of oestrus and mating are affected only slightly. Fertility in these hamsters was virtually restored, judging from pregnancy rates, when they were remated 11 days, or more, following removal of their implants (37 days after implantation), but significantly more foetuses were resorbed in these litters. From tissue sections of skin and muscle at the implant site, ovary, uterus, pituitary, adrenals and liver, PAA implants, without EO, cause no overt pathological changes in the bearer. Effects characteristic of oestrogen are present when these implants contain EO, and these include a conspicuous thickening of the epidermis and dermis; haemorrhagic lesions were also noted in the maternal placenta of animals with EO implants. There is an association between reproductive performance and the rate of EO release by an implant. A 7% PAA implant with 2.5 mg EO can release most of it within 2 days, and principally influences events (oestrus and mating) that precede the main target (pregnancy) of a 20% PAA implant, which releases the steroid over the longer interval of 7 days.
FEMALE ENDOCRINE CONTROL MECHANISMS DURING THE NEONATAL PERIOD
Authors: Schulz K.-D. , Haarmann H. , Harland A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present investigation deals with the oestrogen-sensitivity of the female reproductive system during the neonatal period. Newborn female guinea pigs were used as test animals. At different times after a single subcutaneous injection of a physiological dose of 0.1 μg or an unphysiologically high dose of 10 μg 17β-oestradiol/100 g body weight, the RNA- and protein-synthesis was examined in the hypothalamic region, pituitary, cerebral cortex, liver, adrenal gland, ovary and uterus. With a physiological dose an increase in organ weight, protein content, RNA-and protein-synthesis was found only in the uterus. These alterations turned out to be dose-dependent. In addition to the findings in the uterus an inhibition of the aminoacid incorporation rate occurred in the liver following the injection of the high oestradiol dose. As early as 1 hour after the administration of 0.1 μg 17β-oestradiol an almost 100% increase in uterine protein synthesis was detectable. This result demonstrates a high oestrogen-sensitivity of this organ during the neonatal period. All the other organs of the female reproductive system such as the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary did not show any oestrogen response. Therefore the functional immaturity of the uterus during post partem life is not the result of a deficient hormone sensitivity but is correlated with the absence of a sufficient hormonal stimulus at this time. The investigation on the effects of actinomycin resulted in different reactions in the uterus and liver. In contrast to the liver a paradoxical actinomycin effect was found in the uterus after treatment with actinomycin alone. This effect is characterized by a small inhibition of RNA-synthesis and a 50% increase in protein synthesis. The treatment of the newborn test animals with actinomycin and 17β-oestradiol together abolished the oestrogen-induced stimulation of the uterine RNA-and protein-synthesis. Consequently, the effect of oestrogens during the neonatal period is also connected with the formation of new proteins via an increased DNA-directed RNA-synthesis.
ENDOCRINE CONTROL OF FREE AMINO ACIDS CONTENT IN UTERINE FLUID IN PREGNANT RABBITS
Authors: Jaszczak S. , Hafez E. S. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Free amino acid content was measured in the uterine fluid and blood serum in the following groups of rabbits 168 h post copulation: intact; intact progesterone-treated; ovariectomized progesterone-treated; ovariectomized progesterone-oestradiol-treated; and ovariectomized without hormonal treatment. At implantation, concentration of the majority of amino acid in uterine fluid exceeded greatly that of blood serum; the difference in concentration being maximal for glycine, taurine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine and threonine. Glutamine-asparagine and arginine were found in comparable quantities or were even higher in blood serum. Glycine, alanine, taurine, glutamic acid, serine and glutamine-asparagine were found in highest concentration in the uterine fluid. The level of ammonia in uterine fluid was also relatively high. Exogenous progesterone and oestradiol caused significant changes in the concentration of some amino acid. The concentration of glycine, taurine, alanine, serine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonine, ½ cystine and histidine seems to be especially hormonally dependent. The results are discussed in relation to hormonal activity of corpora lutea during early pregnancy, physiological significance of free amino acids in uterine fluid and nourishment of an early embryo.
THE ACTION OF PROGESTATIONAL AGENTS ON OXYTOCINASE ACTIVITY IN THE FEMALE RABBIT HYPOTHALAMUS
Authors: Frith Dona A. , Hooper K. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Female rabbits were injected with progesterone, 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one (20α-OH) and 20β-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one (20β-OH), and the effects of these progestogens on the activity of enzymes in the hypothalamus were noted. 20α-OH produced a significant decrease in enzyme activity whereas 20β-OH did not. It is suggested therefore that 20α-OH is responsible for the depression in enzyme activity which occurs in the female rabbit after coitus (Frith & Hooper 1971a). Progesterone, at different dose levels, produced effects on enzyme activity which can be correlated with the known pattern of gonadotrophic hormone secretion. The results substantiate the hypothesis proposed by the authors that there is a relationship between enzyme levels in the hypothalamus and gonadotrophic hormone secretion.
EFFECTS OF THE PINEAL GLAND IN UNILATERALLY ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Dickson Kenneth L. , Hasty David L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The following experiments were undertaken to determine the effects that the pineal secretory substance might have on compensatory adrenal hypertrophy and corticosterone plasma levels in unilaterally adrenalectomized rats. It was demonstrated that blinded animals and animals administered with a bovine pineal extract exhibited a reduction in the percentage compensatory adrenal hypertrophy, a reduction in the thickness of the zona fasciculata, and a reduction in the plasma corticosterone level. These inhibitory effects were reversed by pinealectomy and ACTH injections, suggesting that the pineal gland, acting as a mediator for environmental lighting, might influence synthesis and/or release of ACTH.
EFFECT OF THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE AND THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE ON SERUM PROTEIN-BOUND 131I
Authors: Haug Egil , Frey Harald , Sand Terje 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Seventeen subjects without any clinical or laboratory evidence of thyroidal or pituitary disease were given 1.0 mg thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) as a rapid iv injection 48 hours after an oral dose of 50 μCi 131I-. In all subjects there was a clear rise in serum PB131I. The elevation in the mean serum PB131I was significant (P<0.01) one hour after TRH, and the mean peak response was noted at 4 hours. It is suggested that this elevation in serum PB131I following TRH administration reflects the effect of the TSH released. In order to find the most suitable method of administration, 1.0 mg TRH was given iv, im, or as a 1 hour infusion. The maximal responses seemed to be independent of the mode of administration. Six subjects were given 3.0 mg TRH iv and 4 others 6.0 mg TRH iv. It was not possible to demonstrate a clear dose-response relationship. In five subjects the serum PB127I and the serum PB131I were measured at the same times following administration of TRH. This showed that the serum PB131I was a more sensitive index of TSH release than the serum PB127I. Twenty-four hours after the TRH injection the same subjects were given 5 IU TSH as a rapid iv or im injection. All subjects responded with a significant rise in serum PB131I. In the subjects who did not respond to TRH the response to TSH allows the differentiation between pituitary and thyroid disease.
ALDOSTERONE ACTION ON THE PAROTID GLAND: SODIUM REPLETE SHEEP
Authors: Kraintz L. , Blair-West J. R. , Coghlan J. P. , Denton D. A. , Wright R. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Aldosterone was infused intravenously at 30 μg/h into sodium replete adrenalectomised sheep which caused salivary [K] to rise to 14–45 mEq./l. After 4 h the animals were anaesthetised and the parotid duct cannulated. With salivary [K] at 14–45 mEq./l, stimulation of the sympathetic nerve supply to the gland caused rapid expulsion of ½-1 ml of saliva with a [K] of 4–8 mEq./l, the normal for sodium replete level. It is concluded that in the sodium replete animal, aldosterone acts on Na+ – K+ exchange sites in the ducts only.
EFFECT OF THYROCALCITONIN ON ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND PYROPHOSPHATASE IN RAT TIBIA, KIDNEY AND INTESTINE
Authors: Streifler Cipora , Orenstein Arie , Harell Arieh 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of thyrocalcitonin (TCT) on the enzymes alkaline phosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase in rat bone, kidney and intestine was studied.
The rats were injected with TCT every hour for 4 hours. They were divided into groups and were sacrificed 1 h after the first, second, third and fourth injection respectively. The plasma calcium was found to be reduced. Enzyme studies showed that: a) in tibia metaphysis homogenates alkaline phosphatase increased in response to TCT, to 198, 175, 154 and 183 per cent of the non-injected rats after 1, 2, 3, and 4 injections, respectively; inorganic pyrophosphatase was elevated to 356, 209, 221, 425 per cent after the same TCT injections. b) In kidney homogenates alkaline phosphatase was reduced to 75, 53, 79, 68 per cent of the non-injected rats after 1, 2, 3 and four doses, respectively; inorganic pyrophosphatase was reduced to 78, 56, 77 and 71 per cent after the same injections of TCT. c) In the jejunum, alkaline phosphatase was found to be 88.5, 71, 91 and 115 per cent of the untreated rats after 1, 2, 3 and 4 injections, respectively; pyrophosphatase in this tissue was found to be 105, 102, 102 and 113 per cent of the normal under the above conditions.
The results indicate: 1. TCT causes increases in alkaline phosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase activities in bone. The increase of pyrophosphatase is significantly more marked than the increase of alkaline phosphatase; 2. in kidney tissue, the action of TCT on these two enzymes is slower and their activities are equally reduced; 3. in the jejunum no significant effect of TCT on the activity of these two enzymes was observed.
IODINATED THYROLIPIDS
Authors: Shah D. H. , Shownkeen R. C. , Thakare U. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Sheep, bovine, mouse, dog and human thyroids incorporate 35–55% (41.5%, 45.9%, 34.4%, 55.4% and 41.1%, respectively) of total lipid radiodine in an unidentified polar thyrolipid fraction moving between phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidic acid on silica gel G thin layer chromatography in a solvent system CHCl3:MeOH:H2O (80:25:3). This unidentified lipid fraction (Fr. II) is ninhydrin negative, phosphorus negative, alkali labile, acid stable, phospholiphase A stable and orcinol positive indicating the absence of a free amino group, phosphorus group, vinyl ether linkage, vicinal phosphorus ester linkage and the presence of a sugar moiety.
Iodination of fraction II seems to be specific for the thyroid gland only, as the other iodide concentrating tissues such as the submaxillary salivary gland and stomach localise most of the radioiodine with phosphatidyl choline and lyso-phosphatidyl ethanolamine fraction respectively. Biologically inactive thyroid tissue or non-enzymic iodination of isolated thyrolipids indicate phosphatidyl choline and/or phosphatidyl ethanolamine as major iodinated lipid fractions. The possible role of fraction II in iodination for homornogenesis in thyroid tissue is discussed.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE EXISTENCE OF REGULATORY MECHANISMS AT THE ADRENAL LEVEL
Authors: Linèt Otto 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rat adrenal glands atrophied by the administration of cortisol acetate in vivo were used as a model for the study of early metabolic processes occurring in vitro. Atrophied adrenals incubated in the presence of 14C-leucine incorporated subnormal quantities of this amino acid per mg of protein for the first 120 min. When the incubation lasted for a total period of 180 or 240 min a supranormal rise in the 14C-leucine incorporation was observed. Similar changes occurred with some delay with regard to corticosterone production as expressed per 100 mg of tissue. No differences in 14C-leucine incorporation were observed between the control and atrophied adrenals in vivo. Homogenates from atrophied glands incorporated 14C-leucine to a greater extent than the control homogenates. The in vitro incorporation of 14C-orotic acid into the RNA was also higher in atrophied adrenals. The in vitro use of actinomycin D, cycloheximide and amphenone indicated that corticosterone production depended on the incorporation of 14C-leucine. The addition of cortisol to the incubation media markedly decreased the enhancement of 14C-lysine incorporation into the protein of atrophied adrenals. These, as well as additional results suggest rebound phenomena: once atrophic adrenals are transferred to cortisol-free media, reparative processes begin after a delay period. Such phenomena seem to be mediated by regulatory mechanisms at the adrenal level.
URINARY FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN NORMAL ADULT MEN
Authors: Christiansen Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The normal range of the excretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), as well as the relation between these values and those in aging subjects was investigated by specific bioassays in 50 normal adult men with an age range of 21 to 82 years. The FSH rose significantly but did not reach the levels observed in postmenopausal women. The LH showed no significant rise and consequently the FSH/LH ratio rose. Normal values and the 95% fiducial limits in the decades from 21 to 70 years are shown.
EFFECTS OF OESTROGEN ON THYROCALCITONIN ACTIVITY IN MALE AND FEMALE RABBITS
Authors: Currie G. N. , Black D. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyrocalcitonin is an effective hypocalcaemic agent in both the male and female Dutch Belted rabbit. In this strain of rabbit, a level of oestradiol (1 μg/kg of body weight) which is not hypercalcaemic and levels of oestradiol that are hypercalcaemic can effectively block the action of thyrocalcitonin in both the male and female.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE BINDING OF 131I-LABELLED AND UNLABELLED INSULIN TO RAT DIAPHRAGM IN VITRO
Authors: Bouman P. R. , Coert A. , Jaspers N. M. V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rat hemidiaphragms were incubated with either unlabelled or 131I and 127I-labelled insulin of varying degrees of iodination (0.08–1.4 I/mole). With all types of insulin the percentage disappearance of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was found to exceed the percentage uptake of radioactive label by the tissue by a factor of 10. This discrepancy is attributed to degradation of labelled hormone taken up by the tissue, degradation of the hormone within the medium and reduced tissue-binding of iodinated insulin molecules.
Even after incubation for 15 min, fixation of labelled insulin to the diaphragm appeared to coincide with a return-flow of TCA-soluble labelled fragments into the medium. Washing of the diaphragm for 10 min resulted in a 30% loss of tissue-bound radioactivity. After incubation with unlabelled insulin less than 1% of the tissue-bound IRI could be recovered in the washing medium.
After correction for IRI degradation within the medium, the binding of iodo-insulin 1.4 I/mole to the diaphragm amounted to 56% of that of the unlabelled insulin. Since the biological activity at this degree of iodination appeared to be reduced by over 50% of the immunologic activity, it is suggested that the decreased activity of iodo-insulins may be due to the reduced affinity of the hormone to specific receptor sites involved in the initiation of the biological response.
The results of this study indicate that accumulation of the radioactive label of 131I-labelled insulin in incubated diaphragms gives no reliable quantitative index for the binding of either labelled or unlabelled insulin to this tissue.