bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deterministic and statistical size effect during shearing of granular layer within a micro‐polar hypoplasticity
Authors: Tejchman J. , Górski J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe paper deals with numerical investigations of a deterministic and statistical size effect in granular bodies during quasi‐static shearing of an infinite layer under plane strain conditions, free dilatancy and constant pressure. For a simulation of the mechanical behaviour of a cohesionless granular material during a monotonous deformation path, a micro‐polar hypoplastic constitutive relation was used which takes into account particle rotations, curvatures, non‐symmetric stresses, couple stresses and the mean grain diameter as a characteristic length. The proposed model captures the essential mechanical features of granular bodies in a wide range of densities and pressures with a single set of constants. In the paper, a deterministic and statistical size effect is analysed. The deterministic calculations were carried out with an uniform distribution of the initial void ratio for four different heights of the granular layer: 5, 50, 500 and 2000 mm. To investigate the statistical size effect, the Monte Carlo method was applied. The random distribution of the initial void ratio was assumed to be spatially correlated. Truncated Gaussian random fields were generated in a granular layer using an original conditional rejection method. The sufficient number of samples was determined by analysing the convergence of the outcomes. In order to reduce the number of realizations without losing the accuracy of the calculations, stratified and Latin hypercube methods were applied. A parametric analysis of these methods was also presented. Some general conclusions were formulated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of chlorogenic acids and their derivatives from Stemona japonica by preparative HPLC and evaluation of their anti‐AIV (H5N1) activity in vitro
Authors: Ge Fan , Ke Changqiang , Tang Wei , Yang Xinzhou , Tang Chunping , Qin Guowei , Xu Rensheng , Li Tianxian , Chen Xinwen , Zuo Jianping , Ye Yang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo chlorogenic acids and five chlorogenic acid derivatives were simultaneously separated and purified from Stemona japonica by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. Five of the collected compounds were over 95% pure while the other two compounds were over 90% pure. Their structures were elucidated as 3‐O‐feruloylquinic acid (1), 4‐O‐feruloylquinic acid (2), methyl 3‐O‐feruloylquinate (3), methyl 5‐O‐caffeyolquinate (4), methyl 4‐O‐feruloylquinate (5), ethyl 3‐O‐feruloylquinate (6) and the new compound ethyl 4‐O‐feruloylquinate (7) by UV, NMR and ESI‐MS. All compounds were obtained from Stemona species for the first time, however compounds 6 and 7 are believed to be artefacts from the ethanol extraction. The anti‐AIV (H5N1) activities were evaluated by Neutral Red uptake assay. Compounds 3 and 4 exerted moderate inhibitory effect against AIV (H5N1) in vitro. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome (SLOS) by DHCR7 mutation analysis
Authors: Waye John S. , Eng Barry , Nowaczyk Małgorzata J. M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectivesWe review our experience using mutation analysis of the DHCR7 gene for prenatal diagnosis of Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome (SLOS), an autosomal recessive disorder of endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis caused by deficiency of 7‐dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7).Methods and ResultsPrenatal diagnosis of SLOS was conducted for 21 pregnancies involving 15 families. DNA was isolated directly from amniotic fluid cells or chorionic villus samples (CVS), and the DHCR7 gene was screened for the parental mutations using PCR‐ARMS and nucleotide sequencing. Sixteen of the pregnancies were unaffected and five were affected. There have been no incidences of misdiagnosed pregnancies.ConclusionsDHCR7 mutation is a rapid and reliable method for prenatal diagnosis of SLOS, and provides an alternative to specialized biochemical tests for elevated 7DHC in amniotic fluid or CVS. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and the renal veins
Authors: Smorgick Noam , Herman Arie , Wiener Yifat , Halperin Reuvit , Sherman Dan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveThis manuscript discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathophysiology and possible etiologies of prenatal thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and renal veins.MethodsEleven cases were identified through a Medline search of the English literature. These cases were reviewed, together with a recent case that was treated in our medical center.ResultsFetal thrombosis in the aforementioned vessels, presented as hydrops fetalis (33%), acute fetal distress (42%), or as an incidental prenatal ultrasound finding (25%). Underlying maternal conditions were present in 58%, and included chronic conditions (hypertension and diabetes mellitus), acute conditions (pyelonephritis and preeclampsia) and thrombophilia. In 42% cases, the prenatal ultrasound scan revealed an enlarged and hyper‐echogenic affected kidney.ConclusionIntrauterine fetal venous thrombosis is a rare phenomenon, probably attributed to a multifactorial process. These factors may include inherited thrombophilia as well as prothrombotic clinical conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cation sitting in aromatic cages: ab initio computational studies on tetramethylammonium–(benzene)n (n=3–4) complexes
Authors: Cheng Jiagao , Gong Zhen , Zhu Weiliang , Tang Yun , Li Weihua , Li Zhong , Jiang Hualiang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractQuantum chemistry study was performed on interaction between tetramethylammonium (TMA) and aromatic cages by means of the MP2 method to show how TMA sits in an aromatic cage that is composed of benzenes. The MP2 calculations on TMA–(benzene)n complexes demonstrate that the more the benzene molecules in the aromatic cage, the stronger the binding strength between the cage and TMA. In details, the structure of TMA–(benzene)n (n = 1–4) complexes can be easily constructed by superimposing n TMA‐benzene complexes via TMA, and the binding energies of the TMA–(benzene)n complexes are the sum of the n corresponding TMA‐benzene systems. For instance, the distances between the N of TMA and the plane of the benzene ring are 4.238, 4.252, 4.264 ,and 4.276 Å, respectively, for TMA–(benzene)n (n = 1–4) complexes, and the BSSE corrected binding energies at MP2/6‐311++G** level are −8.8, −17.3, −25.8 and −34.3 kcal/mol, respectively, for TMA– (benzene)n (n = 1–4) complexes. Thus, this study provides us useful information on how a cation interacts with an aromatic cage in terms of complex geometry and binding strength. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dendritic polyamine architectures with lipophilic shells as nanocompartments for polar guest molecules: A comparative study of their transport behavior
Authors: Krämer M. , Kopaczynska M. , Krause S. , Haag R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDendritic core‐shell architectures were synthesized by simple melt reactions of polyethylenimine (PEI) with different fatty acids. These systems were investigated towards their ability to encapsulate various guest molecules. Parameters, such as the length of the attached alkyl chain, size of the polymer core, concentration of the core‐shell architecture in solution, pH, and nature of the guest molecule were investigated and compared. Guest molecules that bear anionic groups, such as carboxylate, phosphate, sulfonate, or acidic OH groups, as present in phenol units, are readily encapsulated and transferred from the aqueous phase to the organic phase because of multiple anionic–cationic interactions. Hyperbranched polymer architectures exhibit enhanced encapsulation properties when compared with their linear counterparts. In case of the hyperbranched system PEI25C16 amide higher transport capacities were observed at lower concentrations of the polymer, for example, 26 guest molecules at 10−5 mol L−1 versus 143 at 10−6 mol L−1, suggesting formation of larger aggregates. The aggregation behavior of these polar nanocompartments were investigated at different concentrations by AFM showing particle aggregates of typically 250 nm at a concentration of 10−5 M. The individual particle sizes in these aggregates are similar to the particle size at 10−6 M concentration, typically 4.0–5.5 nm (AFM height). This indicates that aggregate formation takes place at concentrations higher than 10−8 M and transport might be mediated by small aggregates rather than unimolecular particles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2287–2303, 2007
Butyl acrylate RAFT polymerization in miniemulsion
Authors: Luo Yingwu , Liu Bei , Wang Zuohe , Gao Jin , Li Bogeng 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFew successes about butyl acrylate (BA) RAFT miniemulsion homopolymerization were reported, even though styrene, methyl methacrylate, and vinyl acetate had been successfully applied in reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization. In this article, four types of RAFT agent with various designed R and Z groups [benzyl dithioisobutyrate (BDIB), 1‐phenylethyl phenyldithioacetate (PEPDTA), cumyl dithioisobutyrate (CDIB), benzyl dithiobenzoate] were used to mediate BA miniemulsion polymerization using the conditions (5 wt % hexadance and sodium dodecyl sulfate) effective for styrene and methyl methacrylate systems. All four types of the RAFT agents effectively control over the bulk polymerization. In contrast, only BDIB resulted in a rather narrow molecular weight distribution in the miniemulsion polymerization. A pronounced inhibition and rate retardation were observed in both bulk and miniemulsion polymerizations mediated by CDIB and benzyl dithiobenzoate. When compared with the bulk polymerization, a much longer inhibition period (over eight times) was observed in the CDIB‐mediated miniemulsion polymerization. It was concluded that only the RAFT agent with the primary R group and Z group with less stabilizing ability to the intermediate radicals is effective to mediate BA miniemulsion polymerization in terms of achieving a narrow molecular weight distribution and short inhibition period. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2304–2315, 2007
In situ formation of silver nanoparticles within an amphiphilic graft copolymer film
Authors: Kim Yong Woo , Lee Do Kyoung , Lee Kyung Ju , Min Byoung Ryul , Kim Jong Hak 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSilver nanoparticles were prepared by UV irradiation from silver salts, such as AgBF4 or AgNO3, when dissolved in an amphiphilic film of poly((oxyethylene)9 methacrylate)‐graft‐poly((dimethyl siloxane)n methacrylate), POEM‐g‐mPDMS. The in situ formation of silver nanoparticles in the graft copolymer film was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV‐visible spectroscopy, and wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS). The results demonstrated that the use of AgBF4 yielded silver nanoparticles with a smaller size (∼5 nm) and narrower particle distribution when compared with AgNO3. The formation of silver nanoparticles was explained in terms of the interaction strength of the silver ions with the ether oxygens of POEM, as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was thus concluded that a stronger interaction of silver ions with the ether oxygens results in a more stable formation of silver nanoparticles, which produces uniform and small‐sized nanoparticles. DSC and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) data also showed the selective incorporation and in situ reduction of the silver ions within the hydrophilic POEM domains. Excellent mechanical properties of the nanocomposite films (3–5 × 105 dyn/cm2) were observed, mostly because of the confinement of silver nanoparticles in the POEM chains as well as interfaces created by the microphase separation of the graft copolymer film. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1283–1290, 2007
ErbB‐4 may control behavior of prostate cancer cells and serve as a target for molecular therapy
Authors: Ben‐Yosef Rami , Starr Alex , Karaush Victoria , Loew Vered , Lev‐Ari Shahar , Barnea Itay , Lidawi Ghalib , Shtabsky Alexander , Greif Yoel , Yarden Yosef , Vexler Akiva 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPURPOSETo assess ErbB‐4 expression in advanced human prostate cancer (PC) cell lines, the role of ErbB‐4 in motility, migration, and proliferative/tumorigenic potential of PC cells, and efficacy of anti‐ErbB‐4 monoclonal antibody (Mab) treatment on PC cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo.MATERIALS AND METHODSEstablished advanced human PC cell lines (PC‐3, Cl‐1, and Du‐145) were evaluated for ErbB‐4 expression. Several Cl‐1 cell line clones expressing various levels of ErbB‐4 were isolated, their motility, migration capacity, and in vitro proliferation as well as survival following Mab treatment were evaluated. Tumorigenicity and proliferation capacity of these clones in vivo and efficacy of Mab treatment on tumor growth were estimated by measurements of subcutaneous tumors developed in nude mice.RESULTSPC cell lines studied express ErbB‐4. Both PC‐3 and Du‐145 cell lines express high ErbB‐4 levels; only 50% of Cl‐1 cells express ErbB‐4 with large heterogeneity. Cl‐1 sub‐clones highly expressing ErbB‐4 showed increased cell motility, migration, and proliferation rate in vitro and enhanced growth in vivo, compared to clones with low ErbB‐4 expression. Mab treatment inhibited the growth of cells expressing high but not low ErbB‐4 levels in vitro and decreased the growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice generated by ErbB‐4 highly expressing cells.CONCLUSIONSHigh expression of ErbB‐4 in prostate cancer Cl‐1 cell clones correlated with high proliferative and migration capacity and high tumorigenic potential. The inhibitory effect of Mab on cell proliferation and on subcutaneous tumor growth suggests ErbB‐4′s potential as a target for molecular anticancer therapy. Prostate 67: 871–880, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the MDM2 antagonist nutlin‐3 in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Logan Ian R. , McNeill Hesta V. , Cook Susan , Lu Xiaohong , Lunec John , Robson Craig N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDSmall molecule MDM2 antagonists including nutlin‐3 have been shown to be effective against a range of cancer cell types and nutlin‐3 can inhibit growth of LNCaP xenografts. We compared the efficacy of nutlin‐3 in three prostate cancer cell types and provide an insight into the mechanism of nutlin‐3.METHODSNutlin‐3 efficacy was measured using proliferation assays, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assays, quantitative RT‐PCR, and immunoblotting. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were also performed.RESULTSNutlin‐3 can specifically inhibit proliferation of LNCaP cells through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This coincides with increased levels of the p53‐responsive transcripts p21, PUMA, gadd45, and Mdm2 and recruitment of p53 to chromatin. Nutlin‐3 also reduces androgen receptor levels, resulting in altered receptor recruitment to chromatin.CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrates that small molecule MDM2 antagonists might be useful in the treatment of human prostate cancers that retain functional p53 and androgen receptor signaling. Prostate 67: 900–906, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of prostate cancer cell growth and PSA expression by angiotensin II receptor blocker with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma ligand like action
Authors: Ishiguro Hitoshi , Ishiguro Yukari , Kubota Yoshinobu , Uemura Hiroji 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe previously reported that angiotensin II (AII) activated the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, and its antagonist, an AII receptor type 1 (AT1R) blocker (ARB), inhibited the proliferation of prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated whether telmisartan, an ARB, has a unique feature as a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand, and its suppressive potential on prostate cancer cells.METHODSCell count or MTT assay were carried out for growth suppression of prostate cancer cells. Phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), specific expression of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and AT1R were investigated by western blot. To confirm the PPARγ activity of ARBs, luciferase assay using PSA promoter and PPARγ response elements (PPRE) plasmids was performed.RESULTSThe results showed that cell proliferation and signal transduction were inhibited by telmisartan treatment. Also, inhibition of PSA expression by telmisartan was confirmed by western blot and luciferase assay, indicating that an ARB acted in a similar way such as an anti‐androgenic agent in prostate cancer cells.CONCLUSIONThe present study showed ARBs, especially those possessing a PPARγ ligand‐like structure, have a potential antagonistic effect on androgen‐dependent and ‐independent prostate cancer. Prostate 67: 924–932, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunological evaluation of neoadjuvant peptide vaccination before radical prostatectomy for patients with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Noguchi Masanori , Yao Akihisa , Harada Mamoru , Nakashima Osamu , Komohara Yoshihiro , Yamada Satoko , Itoh Kyogo , Matsuoka Kei 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to determine the safety and immune responses of pre‐operative personalized peptide vaccine for patients with localized prostate cancer.METHODTen human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐A24+ patients with localized prostate cancer received weekly personalized peptide vaccine for six times with positive peptides (up to four kinds of peptides) from 16 kinds of vaccine candidates, followed by a retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP). Eight patients with localized prostate cancer receiving RRP served as the control group. The serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, and peptide‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursor analysis by interferon‐γ production, and peptide‐reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were monitored during the treatment. Distributions of CD45RO+ cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD20+ B cells in tissue microarray samples were studied using an immunohistochemical technique.RESULTThe peptide vaccination was safe and well tolerated with no major adverse effects. Increased CTL response and the anti‐peptide IgG titer were observed in the post‐vaccination samples in 8 of 10 or 8 of 10 patients, respectively. The intensity of CD45RO+ infiltrating cells in the vaccination group was significantly larger than that in the control group. CD8+ T cell infiltration was seen only in the vaccinated group. CONCLUSIONIncreased immune responses, at both the circulation and tumor sites in the vaccinated group, support the further development of personalized peptide vaccines for patients with localized prostate cancer. Prostate 67: 933–942, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Claudin‐1 immunohistochemistry for distinguishing malignant from benign epithelial lesions of prostate
Authors: Krajewska Maryla , Olson Allen H. , Mercola Dan , Reed John C. , Krajewski Stan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDClaudins are a family of approximately 23 integral membrane tight junction (TJ) proteins that maintain cell polarity and paracellular barrier functions in epithelial and endothelial cells. Although Claudin‐1 was demonstrated to be typically downregulated in various cancers, the precise expression patterns of this protein in normal and neoplastic tissues remain poorly characterized.METHODSUsing immunohistochemistry, the expression of Claudin‐1 was investigated in prostate tissue samples arranged in a tissue microarray (TMA) format and comprising elements of normal prostatic epithelium (n = 6), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; n = 38), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN; n = 11), and prostate adenocarcinoma (n = 48). The Claudin‐1 expression pattern was compared with that of the basal cell‐specific markers, p63, and HMW cytokeratin (34βE12), by employing double‐labeling techniques in conjunction with image analysis methods utilizing color deconvolution algorithms.RESULTSIn benign prostatic epithelium, pronounced Claudin‐1 expression was observed in the basal cell layer with no staining in luminal cells. Prostate adenocarcinoma specimens from 98% (47/48) patients lacked Claudin‐1 immunostaining, and no cases contained >5% immunopositive tumor cells.CONCLUSIONSClaudin‐1 immunohistochemistry should be considered for use as a new diagnostic tool for distinguishing malignant from benign lesions of the prostate. Prostate 67: 907–910, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Labeling and identification of LNCaP cell surface proteins: A pilot study
Authors: Whitaker Hayley C. , Stanbury David P.B. , Brinham Claire , Girling Joanne , Hanrahan Sarah , Totty Nick , Neal David E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDMembrane proteins provide the interface between the cell and its environment and are responsible for cell adhesion, mobility, and intracellular signaling. Previous studies have focused on the LNCaP whole cell proteome and transcriptome but little is known about proteins at the prostate cell membrane and how they change in response to androgens.MATERIALS AND METHODSFollowing treatment with R1881 or vehicle, membrane proteins of the prostate cancer LNCaP cell line were tagged with biotin using EZ‐link sulfo‐NHS‐LC‐biotin. Using the tag membrane proteins were purified and separated using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified using mass spectrometry. E‐cadherin and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) were used as positive controls and also investigated following bicalutamide treatment. Membrane localization and androgen‐regulation of proteins was confirmed using sub‐cellular fractionation, Western blotting and microscopy.RESULTSWe have demonstrated efficient and specific protein biotinylation and purification of LNCaP plasma membrane proteins using Western analysis. E‐cadherin and LDLR were regulated at the cell surface in response to R1881 and bicalutamide. Mass spectrometry identified several androgen‐regulated membrane associated proteins including Prx‐3 and GRP78 which are known to localize to other cellular compartments as well as the plasma membrane. We confirmed the localization of the identified proteins in LNCaP cells by co‐localization with E‐cadherin and immunohistochemistry of prostate tissue.CONCLUSIONCell surface biotinylation is an effective technique for identifying membrane proteins in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. We have demonstrated the identification of androgen‐regulated membrane proteins and their validation in tissue samples. Prostate 67: 943–954, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.