bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parietal cells in duodenal ulcer disease: A histochemical study of the effects of omeprazole and ranitidine on mitochondrial activities
Authors: HUI WAI‐MO , LIU HIN‐CHING , LAM SHIU‐KUM 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTH2‐Receptor antagonists and omeprazole, a H‐K ATPase inhibitor, inhibit acid secretion from the parietal cells. The ultrastructural changes of the parietal cells after treatment have been described, but the changes in the mitochondrial activity which reflect the energetic metabolism were not well defined. To study the effect of omeprazole and H2‐receptor antagonists on the mitochondrial activity of the parietal cells, endoscopic biopsies were taken from nine patients with duodenal ulcer before and after treatment with either 10 mg or 20 mg omeprazole each morning, or 150 mg ranitidine twice daily for 2 weeks, given in a double‐blind randomized manner. Three patients with healed duodenal ulcer who were on maintainence treatment with 150 mg ranitidine nightly for 1 year had an endoscopy performed after 4 and 12 months and two non‐ulcer dyspeptic patients were recruited as controls. Three biopsies were taken during each endoscopy from the body of the stomach. The mitochondrial activity was assessed by the reaction of succinic dehydrogenase with nitroblue tetrazolium and of cytochrome oxidase with naphthoic acid mixed with N‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine, according to the intensity of the staining reaction. After treatment with omeprazole or ranitidine, the mitochondrial activity decreased appreciably and returned to the pretreatment level on cessation of treatment. Patients on maintainence ranitidine showed decreased mitochondrial activities after 4 months, which, however, returned to pretreatment levels in two patients. It is concluded that short‐term treatment with omeprazole or ranitidine resulted in reversible suppression of mitochondrial activity while long‐term treatment with ranitidine resulted in an initial suppression followed by a tendency to return to pretreatment level despite continued treatment.
Lymphangioma of the pancreas
Authors: NG IRENE O. L. , FAN S. T. , NICHOLLS J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAbstract Lymphangiomas of the pancreas are rare. Only six cases have been reported. An additional case of lymphangioma of the pancreas in a 20 year old male which was demonstrated by computerized tomography and treated with complete surgical excision is reported.
Comparison of two plasma‐derived hepatitis B vaccines: Long‐term report of a prospective, randomized trial
Authors: LAU J. Y. N. , LAI C. L. , WU P. C. , LIN H. J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAbstract Subjects at high risks for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were allocated randomly (n = 591) to receive one of the two plasma‐derived hepatitis B vaccines produced by the Institut Pasteur Production, Paris (HEVAC B) or the Green Cross Corporation, Osaka (GCC VAC). There are differences in the production of these two vaccines, with an added step of heat inactivation and longer formaldehyde treatment for the GCC VAC. Three doses of vaccines were given at 0, 1, and 5 months for both vaccines. Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs) titres were tested at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months. Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) was tested at 6 and 24 months. A fourth dose was given after 12 months to subjects who did not develop an anti‐HBs titre of 10 miu/mL at month 6. Two hundred and seventy‐four subjects received HEVAC B. Excluding nine subjects (3.4%) who became positive for anti‐HBc, the immunogenicity was 87.2%. For the 317 subjects receiving GCC VAC, excluding 17 subjects (5.4%) who became positive for anti‐HBc, the immunogenicity was 83.7% (the difference was not statistically significant). The anti‐HBs titres were significantly higher in those who received HEVAC B in the 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months but the anti‐HBs levels for GCC VAC recipients were still well above the ‘protective’ level of 10 miu/mL. Most hypo/non‐responders did not respond to the fourth dose of vaccine. The side‐effects were transient and mild, and occurred in 1.5% of subjects for both vaccines. Anti‐HBs response decreased significantly with increasing age of the recipents.It is concluded that both HEVAC B and GCC VAC had comparable immunogenicity and safety, although GCC VAC gave a significantly lower but still ‘protective’ anti‐HBs level at 3–18 months. This might be related to the added steps of inactivation in its production.
Aetiology and outcome of acute viral hepatitis in pregnancy
Authors: NAYAK NABEEN C. , PANDA SUBRAT K. , DATTA RAKESH , ZUCKERMAN ARIE J. , GUHA DIPAK K. , MADANAGOPALAN N. , BUCKSHEE KAMAL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAbstract The aetiologic types of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in 169 pregnant women were compared with those of 70 non‐pregnant women and 287 adult men. The majority of pregnant women (87.6%) came with acute hepatitis in the last trimester of pregnancy. Non‐A, non‐B (NANB) hepatitis accounted for 81.6% of hepatitis during pregnancy in comparison with 48.6% in non‐pregnant women and 57.1% in adult men. Hepatitis A was extremely uncommon during pregnancy. Hepatitis B infection accounted for 17% of all cases in pregnant women compared with 45% in controls. Acute viral hepatitis in pregnancy had a poor outcome as assessed by maternal and/or fetal mortality (28.5%). The outcome was equally bad in hepatitis NANB and hepatitis B. Pregnant women generally had significantly lower immunoglobulin levels in comparison with non‐pregnant women. In acute NANB hepatitis during pregnancy, serum IgG and IgM levels were lower and higher, respectively, compared with those in non‐pregnant women and pregnant women with acute hepatitis B. It is suggested that an immune suppression during pregnancy might be responsible for increased susceptibility to acute NANB viral hepatitis, which, by itself, seems to induce only a transient acute phase IgM response.
Effect of calcitonin on gall‐bladder volume in man
Authors: JONDERKO KRZYSZTOF , KOŃCA ADAM , GOŁAB TOMASZ , JONDERKO GERARD 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe effect of increasing intravenous doses of synthetic salmon calcitonin (0.0044, 0.0088, 0.0175, and 0.0350 iu/kg per min) versus placebo on the fasted gall‐bladder volume was assessed in seven normal subjects according to a double‐blind study protocol. In addition, the action of calcitonin on meal‐induced gall‐bladder emptying was examined. Gall‐bladder volumes were measured by means of real‐time ultrasonography.Calcitonin evoked a dose‐dependent relaxation of the fasted gall‐bladder. A statistically significant increase of the fasted gall‐bladder volume was observed with 0.0175 (23.4 ± 5.5 cm3 placebo versus 33.9 ± 7.7 cm3 calcitonin, P<0.001) and 0.0350 (21.4 ± 4.6 cm3 placebo versus 36.1 ± 8.4 cm3 calcitonin, P<0.01) iu/kg per min calcitonin, whereas a mean increase of the gall‐bladder volume amounted to 32.1% and 46.5%, respectively. A significant delay of the gall‐bladder emptying after calcitonin was reflected by a decrease of the ejection fraction: 23.2 ± 8.3% calcitonin versus 57.8 ± 6.9% placebo (P<0.02) at 20 min, and 40.5 ± 8.8% calcitonin versus 67.2 ± 3.8% placebo (P<0.02) at 30 min after the test meal.Calcitonin is concluded to have a potent relaxing effect on the human gall‐bladder.
Transient abnormality in carbohydrate metabolism during enterically transmitted non‐A, non‐B acute viral hepatitis
Authors: GARG S. K. , DILAWARI J. B. , SINGH K. , SHARMA S. 
Published: March 2008

Blood glucose, plasma insulin and free fatty acids (FFA) responses, during the 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 75 g of dextrose, were measured in 30 consecutive patients with acute enterically transmitted non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. All of these parameters during the OGTT were compared with 10 age‐, sex‐ and weight‐matched healthy volunteers from the same community.The fasting blood sugar, insulin and FFA were not different from normal controls (P > 0.05). According to the WHO criteria, the blood glucose response during OGTT in these patients was normal in 23%, impaired in 33% and diabetic in 43%. There was significant hyperinsulinaemia (P < 0.001) in patients with impaired and diabetic GGT and it persisted even at the end of 2 h.None of the abnormal liver function tests correlated with blood sugar, insulin and FFA response during the OGTT.All abnormal responses during the OGTT were, however, transient and returned to normal in all the patients after the recovery from acute hepatitis.
Protective effect of OK‐432 (streptococcal preparation) on murine fulminant hepatitis following mouse hepatitis virus infection
Authors: SHIRAI MUTSUNORI , WATANABE SEISHIRO , NISHIOKA MIKIO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effects of OK‐432 (streptococcal preparation) on murine fulminant hepatitis were investigated. Hepatitis was induced by injection of mouse hepatitis virus type 2 (MHV‐2) at a strength of either 1 times 103 or 1 times 104 plaque‐forming units (PFU). Mice without OK‐432 treatment died within 5 days, whereas mice pre‐inoculated with OK‐432 showed survival rates of 50% (1 times 103PFU) or 10% (1 times 104PFU) after 60 days. Survival time was not prolonged if OK‐432 was injected after MHV‐2. Examined histologically, mice not treated with OK‐432 showed severe haemorrhagic necrosis of the liver, often panlobular. Treated mice showed less necrosis; the least necrosis was observed in those injected with OK‐432 before MHV‐2. In those mice injected first with OK‐432 and then with 1 times 103PFU of MHV‐2 that survived 7 days, autopsy showed a very slight and focal hepatic necrosis, with follicular infiltration by lymphocytes and macrophages. Mitogenic reaction of spleen cells was remarkably less than normal in mice with MHV‐2 injection. However, mice injected with OK‐432 before MHV‐2 (same treatment as mice showing high survival rates) showed relatively high reactivity in comparison with mice not treated with OK‐432.
Morphological and biochemical effects of intrahepatic alcohol injection in the rabbit
Authors: FESTI D. , MONTI F. , CASANOVA S. , LIVRAGHI T. , FRABBONI R. , ROVERSI C. A. , BERTOLI D. , BORELLI G. , MAZZELLA G. , BAZZOLI F. , ALDINI R. , BARBARA L. , RODA E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe local and systemic effects, as well as the repair mechanisms, of sterile absolute ethyl alcohol injection were evaluated at a range of doses (0.1–2.0 mL/kg body weight) in rabbit liver in order to confirm the feasibility and safety of local treatment of tumours in man. Saline injection was used in the control animals. The animals were killed at varying intervals (range: 1–30 days after injection), and the liver was studied by gross and microscopic examination. The ethyl alcohol injection was well tolerated and did not induce significant systemic side‐effects. All doses could induce necrosis and none proved to be lethal. The alcohol injection produced an area of coagulation necrosis, the size of which appeared to be dose‐related, and which was surrounded by granulation tissue, gradually repairing the necrotic lesion; the adjacent tissue was intact, or had signs of mild steatosis. However, at higher doses (1.0 and 2.0 mL/kg bodyweight), necrotic lesions were observed in the liver both near and remote from the site of injection. Fine needle percutaneous alcohol injection is effective in producing necrotic lesions which appear to be dose‐related; at higher doses, however, an unpredictable intrahepatic diffusion may occur.
Hepatitis δ virus infection in different time periods in Japan
Authors: TAMURA I. , ICHIMURA H. , KODA T. , KATAYAMA S. , KURIMURA O. , KURIMURA T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo investigate the prevalence of hepatitis δ virus (HDV) infection in different time periods between 1973 and 1988, antibody to hepatitis δ antigen (anti‐HD) was tested for in sera collected from 1088 cases with acute or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection treated at Kure National Hospital. Between 1979 and 1983, anti‐HD was first detected in 16% (four of 25 cases) of patients with acute hepatitis B, in 6.8% (11 of 161 cases) of asymptomatic HBV carriers and 26% (51 of 196 cases) of those with chronic liver disease. Except for this time period anti‐HD was hardly detected. These findings indicate that sporadic HDV infections existed in this area between 1979 and 1983.
Immunological profile of patients with non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis
Authors: SARIN S. K. , NAYYAR A. K. , MALHOTRA P. , SHARMA B. K. , KUMAR R. , BROOR S. L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe aetiopathogenesis of non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), a common cause of portal hypertension in India, is not known. To study the immune status of NCPF patients and to see whether immunological mechanisms have a role to play, humoral and cell‐mediated immunological studies were carried out in 43 patients with NCPF and compared with equal number of matched healthy controls and 31 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and complement (C3, C4) levels were significantly (P < 0.001) lower in NCPF patients compared with controls and cirrhotics. There was no significant difference between the total or the relative concentration of the immunoglobulins and complements between NCPF patients and healthy controls, but, in patients with cirrhosis, concentration of all the immunoglobulins was higher. The cutaneous response to dinitrochlorobenzene was poorer in patients with NCPF, but the difference between cirrhotics and controls was not significant. A decrease in the suppressor/cytotoxic (T8) phenotype of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and an increase in the ratio of helper/inducer (T4) and T8 lymphocytes was seen in patients with NCPF and cirrhosis. Although these results indicate definite immunological abnormalities in NCPF patients, their role in the pathogenesis of NCPF remains to be investigated.
Comparative efficacy of emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy for active variceal bleeding due to cirrhosis of the liver, non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis and extrahepatic portal venous obstruction
Authors: BHARGAVA D. K. , DASARATHY S. , ATMAKURI S. P. , DWIVEDI M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPatients with continued variceal bleeding due to portal hypertension (n= 202) were treated by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy after resuscitation. Portal hypertension was due to hepatic cirrhosis in 123, non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF) in 49 and extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHO) in 30 patients. Polidocanol 1% was injected intravariceally. An adequate sclerotherapy was carried out in 97% of patients.Immediate haemostasis was achieved in 177 (88%) patients. Rebleeding occurred in 31 (17.5%) of 177 patients. By reinjection of varices, definitive control of bleeding occurred in 160 (79%) patients. There was no significant difference in terms of immediate control of bleeding in patients with different aetiologies of portal hypertension and hepatic functional status (Child's grade). Rebleeding episodes were lower in patients with EHO than cirrhosis of the liver and NCPF. Similarly, the Child's status significantly influenced the recurrence of bleeding which was lower in Child's A than B and B than C. The in‐hospital mortality was 18.6%. This was also significantly related to Child's status and aetiology of portal hypertension. Minor complications occurred in 10.4% of patients. It is concluded that endoscopic sclerotherapy as the first line of treatment is an effective and technically feasible procedure for the control of active variceal bleeding, regardless of the cause of portal hypertension. Furthermore, the results were influenced by the aetiology of portal hypertension and hepatic functional status.
Genetic aspects of Wilson's disease
Authors: FRYDMAN MOSHE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWilson's disease is an autosomal recessive, inborn error of copper metabolism. The basic defect is unknown but decreased biliary excretion of copper is associated with copper accumulation and damage to the liver, brain and other organs with variable clinical expression. The gene for the disease has been mapped to band 14.1–21.1 of the long arm of chromosome 13, and an increasing number of flanking DNA markers has become available in recent years. Family studies using these markers offer the first diagnostic tool which is independent of copper metabolism. This method has been applied successfully for carrier detection in siblings of patients and has the potential to be used for prenatal diagnosis. The results of linkage studies in families of different ethnic origins suggest that the disease is associated with a mutation at a single chromosomal region. The assignment of the gene to chromosome 13 and the availability of closely linked markers are the first steps towards cloning of the disease gene and eventually may lead to determination of the basic metabolic defect.
Significance of hepatitis B core antigen in the liver in patients with chronic hepatitis B and its relation to hepatitis B virus DNA
Authors: YOO JAE YOUNG , KIM HAK YANG , PARK CHOONG KEE , KHANG SHIN KWANG , JEONG JIN WU , CHUNG WHAN KOOK , DIBISCEGLIE ADRIAN M. , HOOFNAGLE JAY H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLiver biopsies from 52 patients with chronic hepatitis B were investigated for the presence and distribution of HBcAg and the results were compared with the status of hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV‐DNA). The patients consisted of 37 men and 15 women, aged 16–55 years (mean = 34 years). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was elevated in 50 patients (range: 18–969 U/L; mean = 290 U/L). Serological testing showed HBsAg in all, HBeAg in 45 (87%), and HBV‐DNA in 28 (54%). Liver biopsies demonstrated HBcAg in 35 (67%) patients. HBcAg was not only present in 31 of 45 (69%) patients who were seropositive for HBeAg, but also in four of seven (57%) with antibody to HBeAg (anti‐HBe). In 28 of 35 (80%) patients with HBcAg in the liver, serum HBV‐DNA was detected. However, no serum HBV‐DNA was detected in 17 patients who had no detectable HBcAg in the liver. The distribution of HBcAg in the liver was rather cytoplasmic and nuclear than nuclear alone. Among 33 patients with cytoplasmic HBcAg in the liver, 15 (45%) had an evidence of acute exacerbation of hepatitis with marked ALT elevation (range: 168–894 U/L; mean = 385 U/L) and nine patients showed severe chronic active hepatitis and confluent necrosis, histologically. These results indicate that the presence of HBcAg in the liver correlates with the amount of circulating hepatitis B virus as quantified by serum level of HBV‐DNA. The predominant cytoplasmic HBcAg in the liver may suggest the possibility of multiple episodes of acute exacerbation and more severe ongoing hepatitis during the clinical course.
Effect of genetic obesity and experimental diabetes on hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase activities
Authors: ZALUZNY LOUISE , FARRELL GEOFFREY C. , MURRAY MICHAEL 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn male rats, genetic obesity and experimental diabetes are associated with altered activities of several of the hepatic microsomal P‐450 isozymes concerned with steroid and xenobiotic oxidation. The present study examined the roles of insulin and ketonaemia in effecting these changes. In obese male Zucker rats, androstenedione 6β‐, 16α‐ and 16β‐hydroxylase activities (mediated by P450PCN‐E, P‐450UT‐A and P450PB‐B, respectively) were significantly decreased to 21%, 20% and 43% of lean control. Obesity was also associated with a significant decrease in the activities of N‐nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (P‐450j) and aniline p‐hydroxylase to about 70%. A similar decrease in total microsomal P‐450 was also observed. Androstenedione 7α‐hydroxylase activity (mediated by P‐450UT‐F) was unchanged in these animals.In streptozotocin‐induced diabetic male Wistar rats, androstenedione 7α‐ and 16β‐hydroxylase activities were significantly elevated to 230% and 270% of control, respectively. Significant increases in the rates of N‐nitrosodimethylamine demethylase and aniline p‐hydroxylase were also noted in diabetic rat liver. In contrast, the activity of P‐450UT‐A was reduced to 30% of control and P‐450PCN‐E‐specific 6β‐hydroxylation was unchanged. Control of the diabetic state with insulin treatment reversed all the changes in P‐450‐mediated activities. Significant correlations were found between serum concentrations of insulin and catalytic activities of P‐450PB‐B, (ρ= ‐0.46), P‐450UT‐F (ρ= ‐0.65) and P‐450j (ρ= ‐0.71). Positive correlations of the same magnitude were also found between these mixed function oxidase activities and β‐hydroxybutyrate.These studies provide further evidence that hormones and ketone bodies are involved, either directly or indirectly, in the alteration of hepatic P‐450‐mediated metabolism of sex steroids and foreign compounds. In particular, insulin appears to exert a negative control on P‐450j and P‐450PB‐B activities.
In vivo cell kinetics studies of the duodenum during and after healing of cysteamine‐induced duodenal ulcer in rats using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation
Authors: PAN SHIANN , OKAZAKI YUKINORI , TAKEMOTO TADAYOSHI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present study investigated the defect of duodenal defence responsible for the tendency of recurrence of duodenal ulcer. Male Wistar rats were treated with cysteamine‐HCl subcutaneously to induce duodenal ulcer, and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was given intraperitoneally 1 h before laparotomy. Serial tissue sections and immunocytochemical staining of BrdU were done to study the cell kinetics during and after healing. Deep ulcers developed in the proximal part of the duodenum 24 h after cysteamine injection, and the ulcer was replaced by scar tissue 1 week later. BrdU‐labelling index of normal duodenal mucosa in control rats was 30–34%. On the peripheral part of the regenerative mucosa, BrdU‐labelling index increased from 1.5% to 26–27%, 1–4 weeks after injection and remained at this level thereafter. On the central part, except the most central area, the labelling index remained at 0% until 3 weeks, and was 15% 6 weeks after cysteamine treatment. It never achieved the level seen in control normal mucosa. The labelling rate of fibrous cells in scar tissue decreased from 28% to nearly 0% 1–4 weeks after the injection. It is concluded that both the ulcer scar and the regenerative mucosa do not achieve a mature state in the initial scarred stage; they need more time to reach a relatively mature condition. Moreover, the regenerative mucosa will be the weak, easily damaged part of the duodenum.
Rhythms in morphology and function of hepatocytes
Authors: UCHIYAMA YASUO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn standard textbooks of histology, hepatocyte structure is described as being, for the most part, static. However, more than 50 years ago, it was reported that the glycogen content of rabbit hepatocytes varies significantly over 24 h. Since then, numerous investigators have confirmed this phenomenon in a variety of animals by use of morphological, histochemical and biochemical techniques, and it has been shown that the variation in glycogen content of hepatocytes corresponds with variations in enzymes related to glycogen metabolism. Moreover, there are also variations in most subcellular organelles and in many other proteins over 24 h. It is clear that circadian rhythms need to be taken into account in studies of morphology and function of hepatocytes.
Hepatic toxicity of Vitamin A and synthetic retinoids
Authors: FALLON MICHAEL B. , BOYER JAMES L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractVitamin A and synthetic retinoids have recently been used increasingly in a variety of health related concerns. Hepatic toxicity is an uncommon but serious side‐effect of several Vitamin A derivatives which may lead to cirrhosis. This review will focus on the clinical and pathologic findings of hepatic involvement in chronic hypervitaminosis A and on the evidence concerning the potential hepatotoxicity of currently available synthetic retinoids.