bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle Modified Cellulose Fibres
Authors: Melle Jürgen , Mooz Micheal , Meister Frank 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSummary: The dissolution of cellulose in N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide monohydrate exhibits a remarkable acceptance towards well ground organic or inorganic additives up to high concentrations. Particle sizes generally in the lower micrometer range have been the most common features of all additives applied up to now. With the assumption, that it would succeed to exploit the capabilities to a surface and matrix manipulation already described for combinations of synthetic fibres and polymer bulk materials for cellulose as well, then very interesting opportunities for the development of shaped cellulosic bodies would result that possess improved product characteristics. Inorganic, hydrophilic nanoclays and different organic modified nanoparticles of various manufacturers were chosen for the investigation. The effect of the different nanoparticle types on the matrix structure after the incorporation was determined by means of X‐ray wide angle scattering. Nanoadditives did not influence the structural formation of cellulose shapes significantly. Compared to a film forming process, in case of fibre spinning it was found that the nanoclays obviously underwent a preferred orientation as a result of the solvent extraction after a dry‐wet extrusion process.
An oncogenetic tree model in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) identifies different pathways of cytogenetic evolution with prognostic implications
Authors: Gunawan B , von Heydebreck A , Sander B , Schulten H‐J , Haller F , Langer C , Armbrust T , Bollmann M , Gašparov S , Kovač D , Füzesi L 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTo model the cytogenetic evolution in gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), an oncogenetic tree model was reconstructed using comparative genomic hybridization data from 203 primary GISTs (116 gastric and 87 intestinal GISTs, including 151 newly analysed cases), with follow‐up available in 173 cases (mean 40 months; maximum 133 months). The oncogenetic tree model identified three major cytogenetic pathways: one initiated by − 14q, one by − 1p, and another by − 22q. The − 14q pathway mainly characterized gastric tumours with predominantly stable karyotypes and more favourable clinical course. On the other hand, the − 1p pathway was more characteristic of intestinal GISTs, with an increased capacity for cytogenetic complexity and more aggressive clinical course. Loss of 22q, more closely associated with − 1p than − 14q, appeared to initiate the critical transition to an unfavourable cytogenetic subpathway. This − 22q pathway included accumulation of + 8q, − 9p, and − 9q, which could all predict disease‐free survival in addition to tumour site. Thus, insights into the cytogenetic evolution obtained from oncogenetic tree models may eventually help to gain a better understanding of the heterogeneous site‐dependent biological behaviour of GISTs. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low levels of physical activity in back pain patients are associated with high levels of fear‐avoidance beliefs and pain catastrophizing
Authors: Elfving Britt , Andersson Teresia , Grooten Wilhelmus Ja 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Fear‐avoidance beliefs are important determinants for disability in patients with non‐specific low‐back pain (LBP). The association with self‐reported level of physical activity is less known. The aim of the present study was to describe the level of physical activity in patients with chronic non‐specific LBP and its relation to fear‐avoidance beliefs and pain catastrophizing. Method. A cross‐sectional study on 64 patients with chronic non‐specific LBP in primary healthcare. The variables measured and the questionnaires used were: level of physical activity (six‐graded scale); activity limitations (Roland Morris Disability Questionnare (RDQ)); fear‐avoidance beliefs (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) 13‐item and sub‐scales ‘activity avoidance’ and ‘somatic focus’); and pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)). The level of physical activity was dichotomised into low and high physical activity. Individual median scores on the TSK and PCS scales were used to group the patients into different levels of fear‐avoidance beliefs and pain catastrophizing. Univariate logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios for having low physical activity. Results. Patients with low physical activity had significantly higher scores in fear‐avoidance beliefs and pain catastrophizing (p < 0.05). Odds ratios for low level of physical activity were between 4 and 8 (p < 0.05) for patients with high fear‐avoidance beliefs or medium/high pain catastrophizing. Conclusions. This study indicates that it seems important for physiotherapists in primary care to measure levels of fear‐avoidance beliefs or pain catastrophizing. In particular, the two subscales of the TSK could be of real value for clinicians when making treatment decisions concerning physical exercise therapy for patients with chronic LBP. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical relevance using timed walk tests and ‘timed up and go’ testing in persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Nilsagard Ylva , Lundholm Cecilia , Gunnarsson Lars‐Gunnar , Denison Eva 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground and Purpose. One must understand the potentials and limitations of all tests used to evaluate interventions. The aim of the present study was to clarify the reproducibility, smallest percentage difference needed to be able to detect a genuine change and correlation regarding the 10‐m and 30‐m timed walks (10TW, 30TW) and the ‘timed up and go’ (TUG) test in people with moderate multiple sclerosis (MS). Method. A repeated‐measures design was used, with randomization into two groups and different time intervals used for testing. The 10TW and 30TW were performed three times and TUG twice at each testing. Self‐selected speed was used for 10TW and forced speed (quickly but safely) for 30TW and TUG. Forty‐three people were tested on three occasions within one week. Each person was tested at approximately the same time of the day and by the same physiotherapist on each occasion. Results. The reproducibility was very high. For a single testing occasion, the intraclass correlation was 0.97 for the 10TW and 0.98 for the 30TW and TUG. The smallest percentage difference needed to be able to detect a genuine change in the entire study group was approximately −23% or +31% for either the 10TW or TUG. It was evident from the 30TW testing results that lower values applied to those with less (−14% to +17%) rather than more (−38% or +60%) disability. The correlation between all tests for the entire study group was 0.85 (0.76–0.91). Conclusion. It is sufficient to use only one attempt and to choose only one of the tests when evaluating people with moderate MS. In the case of the 30TW, greater attention must be paid to the degree of disability when determining the smallest percentage difference needed to establish a genuine change, than with either the 10TW or TUG. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.
Antimicrobial efficiency and sorbic acid migration from active films into pastry dough
Authors: Silveira M. F. A. , Soares N. F. F. , Geraldine R. M. , Andrade N. J. , Gonçalves M. P. J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAntimicrobial films of 25 and 70¯m thickness, incorporated with 7 and 3% sorbic acid, respectively, were layered with pastry dough without additive and evaluated for sorbic acid migration and antimicrobial efficiency. Pastry dough containing potassium sorbate layered with low‐density polyethylene films (LDPE) was used as a control. The films/pastry sandwiches were stored in LDPE bags at 8±1°C. After 40 days of storage, the dough layered with 25¯m/7% films showed a reduction of 2log cycles in the aerobic mesophilic count; however, there were no significant differences (p ≥0.05) for the psychotropic andStaphylococcus spp.counts. For the dough layered with 70¯m/3% films there were reductions of 2 and 1.5log cycles in the mesophilic and psychotropic counts, respectively. In the control dough, the aerobic mesophilic, psychotropic andStaphylococcus spp.counts increased by 1.5, 1 and 2log cycles, respectively. Regardless of the film, the counts of filamentous fungi, yeasts and coagulase‐positive staphylococcus were<1.0¥102CFU/g, whereas the coliform counts at 35 and 45°C, andEscherichia coliwere<3.0¥100NMP/g. The diffusion coefficients of the sorbic acid from the films into the dough had values in the order of 10‐18m2/s. There were no differences (p ≥0.05) between migration values among the films. The maximum additive release from the 25¯m/7% film into the dough after 20 days was 0.07%, and from the 70¯m/3% film after 9 days was 0.09%. Both values are below the maximum limit allowed by current legislation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moral decision‐making among professionals in the pharmaceutical industry: a ‘communities of practice’ model
Authors: Pearson Thomas D. , Aldridge James W. , Winkel Mark 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEthical decision‐making in a major USA pharmaceutical company was studied. One prevailing model for investigating professional ethics has been to assume that the professional domain itself is morally neutral, and that individuals simply deploy their own personal, privately held values within their professions. Our research, however, indicates that the professional context – which we describe by means of the current concept ‘communities of practice’ – plays a significant role in guiding how these researchers and project managers express their beliefs about what is appropriate behavior in their own profession. We further discovered that it is quite possible to overlook the influence of a community of practice in shaping a moral perspective, owing to differences in the way testing instruments frame the questions. We conclude that in organizations involving an identifiable community of professionals, Quality Assurance programs may face unnecessary obstacles if they neglect attention to the community's culture. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What's New?
Authors: Hattemer‐Apostel Rita 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe What's New? section in the Quality Assurance Journal aims to draw attention to items of importance to QA professionals. There is usually a three‐month interval between final submission of manuscripts and distribution of the journal. For this issue, the entries in the What's New? section arise from the period of 1 June 2006 to 31 August 2006. If you feel that there is any other new information that should be brought to the attention of readers, please let us know by e‐mailing rha@verdandi.ch. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Torsions‐Querschnittswerte für rechteckige Hohlprofile nach EN 10210‐2:2006 und EN 10219‐2:2006
Authors: Rubin Helmut 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDie neu erschienenen Normen EN 10210‐2:2006 und EN 10219‐2:2006 enthalten für die rechteckigen Hohlprofile das Torsionsträgheitsmoment und das Torsionswiderstandsmoment, welche zur Berechnung der Verformungen und Spannungen aus der primären Torsion (St. Venant‐Torsion) benötigt werden und ausreichend sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden darüber hinaus jene weiteren Querschnittswerte angegeben, die zur Berechnung der Wölbnormal‐ und Wölbschubspannungen aus der sekundären Torsion erforderlich sind. Diese Spannungen sind nicht vernachlässigbar, treten aber im wesentlichen nur an bestimmten Störstellen auf. Wie stets bei geschlossenen Querschnitten, müssen die sekundären Schubverformungen berücksichtigt werden.
Regen‐Wind‐induzierte Schwingungen – ein State‐of‐the‐Art Report
Authors: Peil Udo , Steiln Oliver 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRegen‐Wind‐induzierte Schwingungen (RWIS) können bei gleichzeitigem Auftreten von Regen und Wind entstehen. Betroffen sind vor allem geneigte Seile von Schrägseilbrücken, geneigte Hänger von Bogenbrücken oder die Pardunen abgespannter Maste. Auf der Oberfläche dieser Bauteile läuft das Regenwasser, bedingt durch Schwerkraft und Wind, in Form kleiner Rinnsale herunter. Diese Rinnsale stören die Umströmung des in trockenem Zustand zylindrischen Querschnitts und verursachen eine veränderte, unsymmetrische Winddruckverteilung, die zu periodischen, schwingungsanregenden Kräften führt. Durch die Bewegung des Seils und durch die Windkräfte ist die Lage der Rinnsale auf der Seiloberfläche aber auch selbst periodisch veränderlich. Diese Konstellation kann zu aeroelastischer Anregung mit großen Schwingungsamplituden führen. RWIS können die Lebensdauer der betroffenen Bauwerke erheblich herabsetzen, da die Einsetzgeschwindigkeiten für RWIS deutlich unterhalb der Bemessungswindgeschwindigkeit liegen und somit eine relativ große Eintretenswahrscheinlichkeit haben. Im vorliegenden Report werden die bisherigen Erkenntnisse zu RWIS zusammengetragen und kommentiert.
Stabilität und Bemessung bisymmetrischer schlanker Stahlträger
Authors: Jankowiak Roman , Żmuda Jan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDer Beitrag behandelt den Einfluß der Geometrie eines Stahlträgerquerschnitts auf sein Grenzbiegemoment. Dabei wird eine vereinfachte Lösung unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses des Biegedrillknickens und des lokalen Knickens angewendet. Untersucht wurden bisymmetrische frei gelagerte Träger, die an ihren Enden mit Momenten und mit verteilten oder einzelnen Lasten beansprucht wurden. Die Kräfte wurden in den Querschnitts‐Schwerpunkten eingebracht.Geprüft wurde der Einfluß des globalen und lokalen Knickens von Trägern sowie des interaktiven globalen und lokalen Knickens der Flansche hinsichtlich der Grenzbiegemomente bisymmetrischer warmgewalzter Träger oder aus Stegblechteilen zusammengesetzten Trägern. Unter Berücksichtigung der Abminderungsfaktoren für globales und lokales Knicken wurden auch die Auswirkungen veränderter Breite und Dicke des beanspruchten Flansches auf das Grenzbiegemoment des Trägers beurteilt. Weiterhin wurden die effektivsten Flanschbreiten und ‐dicken hinsichtlich optimaler Nutzung ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse angenäherter Verfahren werden im Aufsatz mit den gemäß Eurocode 3 berechneten verglichen.Ziel des Aufsatzes ist es, den Einfluß der Trägergeometrie und der Belastungsart auf sein Grenzbiegemoment darzustellen und unter Berücksichtigung des globalen und lokalen Knickens zu beurteilen. Dazu werden die Näherungslösungen und Formeln aus dem Eurocode 3 sowie aus der Norm PN‐90/B‐03200 genutzt.
The influence of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napusssp.oleiferavar.biennis) canopy size on grass weed growth and grass weed seed return
Authors: SIM L. C. , FROUD-WILLIAMS R. J. , GOODING M. J. 
Published: January 2007

SUMMARYFour experiments conducted over three seasons (2002–05) at the Crops Research Unit, University of Reading, investigated effects of canopy management of autumn sown oilseed rape (Brassica napusL. ssp.oleiferavar.biennis(DC.) Metzg.) on competition with grass weeds. Emphasis was placed on the effect of the crop on the weeds.Rape canopy size was manipulated using sowing date, seed rate and the application of autumn fertilizer.Lolium multiflorumLam.,L.×boucheanumKunth andAlopecurus myosuroidesHuds. were sown as indicative grass weeds.The effects of sowing date, seed rate and autumn nitrogen on crop competitive ability were correlated with rape biomass and fractional interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by the rape floral layer, to the extent that by spring there was good evidence of crop: weed replacement.An increase in seed rate up to the highest plant densities tested increased both rape biomass and competitiveness, e.g. in 2002/3,L. multiflorumhead density was reduced from 539 to 245 heads/m2and spikelet density from 13 170 to 5960 spikelets/m2when rape plant density was increased from 16 to 81 plants/m2. Spikelets/head ofLoliumspp. was little affected by rape seed rate, but the length of heads ofA. myosuroideswas reduced by 9% when plant density was increased from 29–51 plants/m2.Autumn nitrogen increased rape biomass and reducedL. multiflorumhead density (415 and 336 heads/m2without and with autumn nitrogen, respectively) and spikelet density (9990 and 8220 spikelets/m2without and with autumn nitrogen, respectively). The number of spikelets/head was not significantly affected by autumn nitrogen.Early sowing could increase biomass and competitiveness, but poor crop establishment sometimes overrode the effect. Where crop and weed establishment was similar for both sowing dates, a 2-week delay (i.e. early September to mid-September) increasedL. multiflorumhead density from 226 to 633 heads/m2and spikelet density from 5780 to 15 060 spikelets/m2.
The influence of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napusssp.oleiferavar.biennis) cultivar and grass genotype on the competitive balance between crop and grass weeds
Authors: SIM L. C. , FROUD-WILLIAMS R. J. , GOODING M. J. 
Published: January 2007

SUMMARYThree experiments conducted over two years (2002–04) at the Crops Research Unit, University of Reading, investigated competition between autumn sown oilseed rape cultivars (Brassica napusL. ssp.oleiferavar.biennis(DC.) Metzg.) andLolium multiflorumLam.,L.×boucheanumKunth andAlopecurus myosuroidesHuds., sown as indicative grass weeds.Rape cultivar (cv.) had a substantial effect on grass weed seed return. Over the six cultivars tested,L. multiflorumspikelet production ranged from just under 400 spikelets/m2in the presence of cv. Winner to nearly 5800 in competition with cv. Lutin. Cultivar competitiveness was associated with high biomass, large dense floral layers and early stem extension. There was some evidence of differential competitive tolerance between rape cultivars.The results suggested that rape cultivars could be screened for competitiveness by measuring floral layer interception of photosynthetic active radiation.L.×boucheanumcultivars varied in ability to compete with rape. In the absence of inter-specific competition, spikelet density was similar for Aberecho and Polly (circa31 000 spikelets/m2) but when grown with rape Polly outyielded Aberecho (i.e. 12 090 and 7990 spikelets/m2respectively).
The psychological costs of unsustainable housing commitments
Authors: TAYLOR MARK P. , PEVALIN DAVID J. , TODD JENNIFER 
Published: January 2007

Background. The extended recession and stagnant housing market in the 1990s following the boom of the late 1980s resulted in more than half a million housing repossessions. This study explores the impact of unsustainable housing commitments on psychological well-being. We test the hypotheses that housing payment problems and housing arrears have adverse impacts on heads of households' psychological well-being over and above those caused by financial hardship more generally.Method. Data came from the British Household Panel Survey 1991–2003 and the samples for analysis consist of: (1) 5651 male head of households producing 26618 person-year observations, and (2) 2534 female head of households producing 9091 person-year observations. Summary statistics and multivariate, fixed effects regression models are used. Mental health was measured by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire.Results. For male heads of households housing payment problems and entering arrears have significant detrimental effects on mental well-being and for female heads of households longer-term housing payment problems and arrears have significant detrimental effects on mental well-being. The sizes of these effects are in addition to and larger in magnitude than those associated with financial hardship more generally. The net effects appear to be relatively stable over the time of the panel data.Conclusions. This study provides evidence that housing payment problems have independent psychological costs over and above those associated with general financial hardship. The magnitude of the effect is similar to that shown for marital breakdown and job loss.
Customer disclosures, impression management and the construction of legitimacy
Authors: Ogden Stuart , Clarke Julia 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to explore how organizations use annual reporting for legitimacy purposes in the context of the ten recently privatised regional water companies in the UK. Although privatization required the water plcs to establish a distinctly different organizational legitimacy for themselves as customer‐focused companies commensurate with their new private sector status, it was clear from the nature of their privatization that they would experience difficulties in achieving this. Privatization did little to change their previous monopoly character, and this created discrepancy with the model of private sector companies operating in customer‐led competitive markets.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a content analysis of statements concerning customer service in annual reports. The analysis examines the variety of ways in which the ten water plcs deployed both assertive and defensive impression management techniques in their attempts to gain, maintain and repair their legitimacy as customer‐focused companies.FindingsThe analysis emphasises the importance of the role of corporate reporting as a resource in legitimacy management. The paper also argues that, despite sustained efforts, the water plcs did not wholly succeed in persuading all their customers that the privatization of water was “a good thing”.Originality/valueThe paper will be valuable to researchers and practitioners alike, as it attempts to take further one's understanding of how organizations use corporate reporting for legitimacy purposes by examining a much more extreme case of the legitimacy problem than has been previously considered in the literature: namely, the need for an entirely new basis for corporate legitimacy.
Accounting for the public interest: public ineffectuals or public intellectuals?
Authors: Cooper Christine 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo present a case for accounting and finance academics to have a more active social role.Design/methodology/approachA range of published works by “public intellectuals” on praxis is presented. Each theorist could be considered to be an eminent theoretician in their own right; what marks them out is that they have developed their theories by active engagement.FindingsThe economic and political interests of the world in which academics operate are perpetuated by the creation of a breed of intellectuals who encounter significant challenges not only to questioning thestatus quobut, perhaps more importantly, to venturing outside of the academy. Yet, arguably there has never been a more important time for academics to do just that. Academics are armed with the necessary theoretical and research skills to bring coherence to fledgling movements and to enable them to overcome the barriers created by the myths perpetuated to hamper social protest.Originality/valueThis paper offers practical and theoretical advice to enable and encourage accounting and finance academics to enrich their work by active engagement with the social problems of the time.