bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Over‐expression of IκB‐kinase‐ε (IKKε/IKKi) induces secretion of inflammatory cytokines in prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Péant Benjamin , Diallo Jean‐Simon , Dufour Florent , Le Page Cécile , Delvoye Nathalie , Saad Fred , Mes‐Masson Anne‐Marie 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDElevated inflammatory cytokine levels in serum have been associated with advanced stage metastasis‐related morbidity in prostate cancer. Several studies have shown that IL‐6 and IL‐8 can accelerate the growth of human prostate cancer cell lines. Previous studies, in murine embryonic fibroblasts, have shown that Iκ‐B kinase‐epsilon (IKKε/IKKi)‐deficiency results in the reduction of lipopolysaccharide‐mediated expression of IL‐6.RESULTSIn this study, we report that over‐expression of IKKε in hormone‐sensitive 22Rv1 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells induces the secretion of several inflammatory cytokines including IL‐6 and IL‐8. Both of these cytokines are secreted by hormone‐refractory PC‐3 prostate cancer cells and IKKε knock‐down in these cells correlates with a strong decrease in IL‐6 secretion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IKKε over‐expression does not induce the activation of the IKKε classical targets NF‐κB and IRF‐3, two transcription factors involved in the regulation of several cytokines. Finally, we observe that high IKKε expression results in its nuclear translocation, a phenomena that is TBK1‐independent.CONCLUSIONSThis study identifies IKKε as a potential prostate cancer gene that may favor chronic inflammation and create a tumor‐supporting microenvironment that promotes prostate cancer progression, particularly by the induction of IL‐6 secretion that may act as a positive growth factor in prostate cancer. Prostate 69: 706–718, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protease‐activated receptor‐1 is upregulated in reactive stroma of primary prostate cancer and bone metastasis
Authors: Zhang Xiaotun , Wang Wenbin , True Lawrence D. , Vessella Robert L. , Takayama Thomas K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer progression is partly facilitated by tumor–stroma interactions. We recently reported that protease‐activated receptors (PAR‐1 and PAR‐2) are overexpressed in prostate cancer, and PAR‐1 expression in peritumoral stroma is associated with biochemical recurrence. However, the nature of PAR expression in prostate tumor microenvironment is not fully understood. We therefore evaluated PAR‐1 and PAR‐2 expression in primary prostate cancer and bone metastasis.METHODSPAR‐1 and PAR‐2 expression in normal, primary prostate cancer and the corresponding bone metastatic tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry, and double‐label immunohistochemistry with the use of additional markers.RESULTSPAR‐1 was expressed in peritumoral stroma in the majority of primary cancer tissues (83%). Serial sections and double‐label immunohistochemistry determined that these PAR‐1 expressing stromal cells were predominantly myofibroblasts, the primary cell type in reactive stroma. Analysis of cancer glands revealed that PAR‐1 expression was significantly increased in the reactive stroma around higher Gleason grade cancers. PAR‐2 was predominantly expressed in the primary cancer cells as well as smooth muscle cells but not in reactive stroma. In bone metastasis, PAR‐1 expression in cancer cells was elevated compared to the primary site from the same patient. In the bone reactive stroma, PAR‐1 was present in vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts, while both PAR‐1 and PAR‐2 were expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.CONCLUSIONSIn primary prostate cancer and bone metastasis, PAR‐1 is upregulated in reactive stroma and PAR‐2 is uniformly overexpressed in carcinoma cells, suggesting these receptors may play potentially different roles in prostate cancer development and metastasis. Prostate 69: 727–736, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignancy arising in seminal vesicles in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model
Authors: Yeh I‐Tien , Reddick Robert L. , Kumar Addanki Pratap 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDTransgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice, derived by prostate specific expression of SV40 large T antigen using the rat probasin promoter, all develop prostate tumors akin to human prostate cancers. More recently, epithelial–stromal (ES) tumors resembling phyllodes tumors have been described in the seminal vesicles of TRAMP mice. We report malignancy arising in these ES tumors of the seminal vesicles in TRAMP mice.METHODSH&E stained sections from 28‐week‐old TRAMP mice autopsies were examined. Immunostains (cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, and MIB‐1) and electron microscopy were performed on selected blocks of the genitourinary system and metastatic tumor nodules.RESULTSThe seminal vesicles frequently develop tumors containing broad papillae, with bland epithelium and a cellular spindled stroma just beneath the epithelium. The stromal cells have high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, frequent apoptotic cells and mitoses. In some cases, the stromal cells become large mass lesions that overgrow the prostate. The epithelium can also proliferate and become malignant. The tumors have high proliferation indices by MIB‐1. Some metastatic tumors have characteristics similar to the seminal vesicle ES tumor.CONCLUSIONSMetastatic tumors in TRAMP mice show three patterns: (1) A definite adenocarcinoma pattern metastatic from the prostate; (2) poorly differentiated tumor without epithelial differentiation; (3) carcinosarcomatous pattern. The carcinosarcomatous pattern and some of the poorly differentiated tumors likely arise from seminal vesicle ES tumors. Prostate 69: 755–760, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The evolution and current status of process safety management metrics
Authors: Cummings David E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA broad, consistent set of process safety management metrics and leading indicators is important to effectively manage process safety and prevent incidents, help ensure regulatory compliance, meet internal policies, and verify that adequate management attention and resources are allotted to meet program needs. This article will review the development, current state, and future focus areas associated with the use of process safety metrics and leading indicators within The DuPont Company as a global manufacturing organization at a site, business, and corporate level. This includes a historical perspective of past metrics and their technical basis with a primary focus on incident classification and audit results, a review of recent improvements involving an expanded group of current metrics, and a general discussion of forward looking additional improvements. An overview of lessons learned, guidance, and challenges involving the development and use of process safety metrics and indicators within a global enterprise will also be provided. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009
Sexual recombination of carbendazim resistance in Fusarium graminearum under field conditions
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhou Ming‐Guo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Carbendazim has been the major fungicide for control of Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwade in China. However, the effectiveness of carbendazim has been threatened by the emergence of resistant pathogen populations in the field.RESULTS: Five isolates, representing three phenotypes of different carbendazim sensitivity levels (S, MR and HR), were randomly selected to study the inheritance of carbendazim resistance by three genetic crosses under field conditions. Each parent in all crosses was marked with a different class of nitrate non‐utilizing (nit) mutation. The presence of sexual recombinants indicated that outcrossing had occurred in the crosses. Over 100 putative self‐crossing or outcrossing perithecia for each cross were randomly sampled on the surface of the haulms of dead rice for each pair of parents. Results showed that 5.7–20.9% outcrossing frequency occurred in the three crosses and confirmed sexual recombination under field conditions. There were no significant differences in mycelial linear growth and pathogenicity between the selected recombinants and their parents, but they differed in sporulation ability and capacity to produce perithecia. Nevertheless, most of the sexual recombinants possessed fitness levels comparable with those of their parents.CONCLUSION: Outcrossing between carbendazim‐sensitive and ‐resistant isolates did occur under field conditions, and sexual recombination must play a role in the development of carbendazim resistance in the field. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Optical properties of pure and transition metal‐doped indium oxide
Authors: Aliabad H. A. Rahnamaye , Hosseini S. M. , Kompany A. , Youssefi A. , Kakhki E. Attaran 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe band structure, the dielectric function, the reflectivity, the refractive index and the oscillator strength sum rule were calculated for pure In2O3 and alloyed In1.5T0.5O3 (where T represents Sc, Y, La and Ac) using density functional theory (DFT). The full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP‐LAPW) method was used with the local density approximation (LDA + U). Calculations of the optical spectra were performed for the energy range 0–30 eV. The calculated results indicate that the upper valance bands of In2O3 show a small dispersion and the value of the band gap increases for Sc and Y dopants and decreases for Ac and La dopants. The calculations indicate that there are two band gaps for In2O3. The first shows a strong optical absorption, as a direct band gap occurs from a 0.81 eV energy level below the top of valence band. The second shows a much weaker absorption from the top of the valence band to the bottom of the conduction band. The refractive index for In2O3 is 1.69 nm at 800 nm, near the visible region. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modulatory influence of prepubertal biochanin A exposure on mammary gland differentiation and expression of estrogen receptor‐α and apoptotic proteins
Authors: Mishra Prachi , Kar Anand , Kale Raosaheb K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe modulatory influence of the phytoestrogen biochanin A, an isoflavinoid found in red clover (Trifolium pratense), on the differentiation and proliferation of mammary epithelial cells and the expression of estrogen receptor‐alpha (ER‐α) in female prepubertal Sprague‐Dawley rat mammary glands was examined, for which there have been no reports to date. Biochanin A (500 µg/g bw) was injected subcutaneously on days 16, 18 and 20 post‐partum. The mammary gland was dissected out and terminal end buds, terminal ducts and lobules were counted. ER‐α, Bcl2, Bax and caspase‐3 expression were determined by immunohistochemistry. Estradiol benzoate (EB) (500 ng/g bw) and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were used as the reference and vehicle, respectively. The results showed a significant enhancement of differentiation at post‐natal day (PND) 21 as well as at PND 50 in the mammary glands. There was a significant decrease of ER‐α expression at PND 21 and an increased expression of the same at PND 50, whereas increased proliferation at PND 21 and increased apoptosis at PND 50 in the mammary glands were observed in biochanin A treated animals. The mode and magnitude of the effect of biochanin A was almost similar to that of EB. These findings suggested that prepubertal exposure to biochanin A modulated the regulatory processes and in turn enhanced the differentiation and development of mammary glands in female rats. These observations may have significance in human health. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of enteroprotective efficacy of triphala formulations (Indian Herbal Drug) on methotrexate‐induced small intestinal damage in rats
Authors: Nariya Mukeshkumar , Shukla Vinay , Jain Sunita , Ravishankar Basavaiah 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTriphala is categorized as a rejuvenator and antioxidant‐rich Ayurvedic herbal formulation and has traditionally been used in various gastric problems including intestinal inflammation. The aim of the present study was to examine the comparative enteroprotective effect of Triphala formulations against methotrexate‐induced intestinal damage in rats. Triphala formulations were prepared by mixing equal (1:1:1) and unequal (1:2:4) proportions ofTerminalia chebulaRetz.,Terminalia belerica(Gaertn.) Roxb. andEmblica officinalisGaertn. Intestinal damage was induced by administering methotrexate (MTX) in a dose of 12 mg/kg, orally for 4 days to albino rats. The intestinal damage response was assessed by gross and microscopical injury, measuring the intestinal permeability to phenol red and tissue biochemical parameters. Triphala equal and unequal formulations at the dose of 540 mg/kg significantly restored the depleted protein level in brush border membrane of intestine, phospholipid and glutathione content and decreased the myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase level in intestinal mucosa of methotrexate‐treated rats. In addition, Triphala unequal formulation showed significant decrease in permeation clearance of phenol red with significant attenuation in the histopathological changes, level of disaccharidase in brush border membrane vesicles and lipid peroxidation content of intestinal mucosa. Based on the data generated, it is suggested that Triphala unequal formulation provides significantly more protection than Triphala equal formulation against methotrexate‐induced damage in rat intestine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of macrophages by polysaccharide–protein complex from Lycium barbarum L.
Authors: Chen Zhisong , Soo Mei Yun , Srinivasan Nalini , Tan Benny Kwong Huat , Chan Soh Ha 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMacrophages play crucial roles in innate immunity. This paper reports that a polysaccharide–protein complex isolated from Lycium barbarum (LBP) is able to activate macrophages. LBP was isolated from Lycium barbarum fruit and separated to five homogenous fractions, designated LBPF1, LBPF2, LBPF3, LBPF4 and LBPF5. It was found that LBP (50 mg/kg, i.p.) markedly upregulated the expressions of CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC class II molecules on peritoneal macrophages. In vitro studies showed that LBP and LBPF1‐5 activated transcription factors NF‐κB and AP‐1 by RAW264.7 macrophage cells, induced TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐12p40 mRNA expression, and enhanced TNF‐α production in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, LBP (50 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly enhanced macrophage endocytic and phagocytic capacities in vivo. These results indicate that LBP enhances innate immunity by activating macrophages. The mechanism may be through activation of transcription factors NF‐κB and AP‐1 to induce TNF‐α production and upregulation of MHC class II costimulatory molecules. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity of laherradurin and cherimolin‐2 of annona diversifolia saff
Authors: Schlie‐Guzmán María Adelina , García‐Carrancá Alejandro , González‐Esquinca Alma Rosa 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAcetogenins from Annonaceae (ACG) are potent inhibitors of the mitochondrial complex I, they present cytotoxic activity on neoplasic lines, including those with multiresistance to drugs. In vivo antitumor activities of some ACG have been reported; however, no information is available regarding the relationship between their cytotoxic activity in cell cultures and their antiproliferative action in vivo. Laherradurin and cherimolin‐2 acetogenins were isolated from Annona diversifolia seeds, and their inhibitory potential was analysed in vitro on HeLa and SW‐480 cells. Doses containing 1, 10, 100 and 500 times the IC50 obtained from the proliferation assays and multiplied by the weight of the animal, were injected once daily into athymic mice bearing these cancer cell lines; their effect upon tumor growth was measured over a period of 20 days. Laherradurin was more active than cherimolin‐2, and it showed in in vitro proliferation assays a similar IC50 in both neoplasic lines. In athymic mice, laherradurin administered in 10×, 100× and 500× doses, reduced the size of HeLa tumors, and with 100× and 500× doses, affected the SW‐480 tumor development. These doses were similar to results found with the control drug doxorubicin (p ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, cherimolin‐2 had an effect on HeLa tumors cells at 100× and 500× doses (p ≤ 0.05). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crude cacaotheobroma cacaoextract reduces mutagenicity induced by benzo[a]pyrene through inhibition of CYP1A activityin vitro
Authors: Ohno Marumi , Sakamoto Kentaro Q , Ishizuka Mayumi , Fujita Shoichi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPolyphenols have been shown to have potent antioxidant activity, and therefore, food containing polyphenols is expected to contribute to the prevention of cancer. However, food contains not only polyphenols but also various other constituents. We used the Ames test to investigate the effects of crude extracts of whole cacao products, which are known to be rich in polyphenols, on the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) inSalmonella typhimuriumstrain TA 98 and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BuOOH) inS. typhimuriumstrain TA 102. B[a]P induces mutagenicity by metabolic activation and t‐BuOOH induces it by generation of free radicals. While white chocolate did not modulate the numbers of revertant colonies produced by B[a]P treatment, milk chocolate and cacao powder extracts did. On the other hand, surprisingly, none of the cacao products tested affected the number of revertant colonies when t‐BuOOH was used as the mutagen. At maximum concentration (13.25 mg cacao powder/ml), the crude cacao powder extract reduced ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase activity to 17.4% of the control, suggesting that whole cacao products inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A activity. In conclusion, inhibition of CYP1A activity by cacao products may prevent DNA damage by reducing metabolic activation of carcinogens. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epitope mapping by amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled with immobilization of antibody, on‐line proteolysis, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Coales Stephen J. , Tuske Steven J. , Tomasso Justine C. , Hamuro Yoshitomo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe epitope of horse cytochrome c against monoclonal antibody E8 was determined using amide hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange combined with immobilized antibody, on‐line pepsin proteolysis, liquid chromatography (LC), and mass spectrometry (MS). The results were generally in good agreement with contact residues identified by an X‐ray co‐crystal structure of the E8–cytochrome c complex and results obtained by H/D exchange with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. The H/D exchange reaction of cytochrome c was carried out in the presence or absence of immobilized E8 antibody. Regions that gained less deuterium in the presence of the antibody than in its absence are defined as the epitope by the H/D exchange MS method. Control experiments were carefully designed to help identify the epitope with high confidence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implemented edge shape of an electrical stimulus capsule
Authors: Woo Sang Hyo , Kim Tae Wan , Lee Jyung Hyun , Kim Pil Un , Won Chui Ho , Cho Jin Ho 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundRecently, a capsule endoscope has been developed and many researchers have been trying to develop locomotive capsules. To develop locomotive capsules, the inner volume of the capsule has to be large enough to insert actuators, and the edge shape of the exterior capsule has to be suitable for locomotion. There are many locomotional methods, but an electrical stimulus method provides the appropriate power consumption, plus the shape of the capsule is the same as general telemetry capsules. In this paper, the optimal shape of the electrical stimulus capsule (ESC) was designed and implemented to provide the appropriate inner volume and moving speed of the capsule.MethodsA simple mathematical model was used to simulate various capsule shapes, and simple mathematical formulae were used to simulate the relationship between the shape of the edge of the capsule and the contraction force of the small intestine. The optimal edge shape of the capsule was decided based on the crossing point of the volume and moving speed. To verify the simulation, two capsules were implemented as the control and experimental groups.ResultsFrom thein vitroexperiments, four fresh intestines were used to measure the moving speed of the capsules. The average speed of the proposed capsule was 0.125 ± 0.096 cm/s (20 V, 10 ms, 20 Hz), while the control group capsule was only 0.016 ± 0.33 cm/s (20 V, 10 ms, 20 Hz), and both groups showed a significant difference from the statistical analysis (p< 0.001, Mann–Whitney rank sum test).ConclusionsThis paper presents a proposed design for the external shape of the ESC that could fill the need of researchers who want more inner volume and doctors who want to prevent the capsule from being stuck in the intestine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust computer‐controlled system for intracytoplasmic sperm injection and subsequent cell electro‐activation
Authors: Tan K. K. , Huang S. , Tang K. Z. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIntroductionIntracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and the subsequent cell electro‐activation process is a relatively new enhanced procedure to address male factor infertility. The current method involves the engagement of experienced embryologists for such a purpose. More advanced methodologies, which use high precision instrumentation tools, will speed up the whole procedure.MethodsIn this paper, the development of a computer‐controlled system for ICSI and the subsequent cell electro‐activation process is presented. The system is integrated to a microinjection workstation and piezo‐actuator to perform the ICSI procedure, with vision capability to automatically position the components precisely. A micro‐pump assembly is utilized for automatic medium refreshment and a heater plate assembly provides temperature control during the cell electro‐activation process. The overall system is comprehensive, comprising modular functional components integrated within a hardware architecture.ResultsExperimental results on mice oocytes verified the effectiveness of the developed system over the current method.ConclusionsFurther improvements on the instrumentation tools will improve the robustness and overall performance of the developed system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.