bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital Tooth Agenesis and Risk of Early-Onset Cancer
Authors: Eiset Saga Elise , Schraw Jeremy , Sørensen Gitte Vrelits , Gregersen Pernille Axél , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Ramlau-Hansen Cecilia H. , Lupo Philip J. , Hasle Henrik 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceThere is some evidence that tooth agenesis (congenital absence of 1 or more teeth) is associated with cancer risk, especially carcinomas of the colon and ovaries, but results of previous studies are conflicting, and associations have not yet been evaluated in a population-based setting.ObjectiveTo examine the association between tooth agenesis and specific cancer types before 40 years of age.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study used linking data from nationwide registries in Denmark to assess all Danish live-born singletons born from January 1, 1977, to December 31, 2018, and followed up for up to 40 years. Data were analyzed from January through June 2023.ExposureTooth agenesis as documented by the Danish Central Registry of Odontology (Danish municipal pediatric dental care) from January 1, 1988, to December 31, 2018, and from hospital encounters in the Danish National Patient Registry within the entire study period.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was first cancer diagnosis before 40 years of age obtained from the Danish Cancer Registry. Associations between tooth agenesis and specific cancers were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs. Analyses were split into age groups: younger than 1 year, 1 to younger than 3 years, 3 to younger than 10 years, 10 to younger than 20 years, 20 to younger than 30 years, and 30 to younger than 40 years. Associations with nonsyndromic tooth agenesis were evaluated after exclusion of individuals with known syndromes.ResultsAmong 2 501 715 included individuals (1 284 292 [51.3%] male), 70 288 (2.8%) had a diagnosis of tooth agenesis (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 13.2 [4.1] years) and 26 308 (1.1%) had a diagnosis of early-onset cancer within the study period; 778 individuals had co-occurrence of tooth agenesis and cancer. Overall, tooth agenesis was positively associated with several cancer types, including neuroblastoma (age 1 to &amp;lt;3 years; HR, 4.20; 95% CI, 2.24-7.88), nephroblastoma (age 1 to &amp;lt;3 years; HR, 4.59; 95% CI, 2.37-8.91), hepatoblastoma (age 1 to &amp;lt;3 years; HR, 7.10; 95% CI, 2.70-18.68), osteosarcoma (age 10 to &amp;lt;20 years; HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.11-4.32), colorectal carcinomas (age 30 to &amp;lt;40 years; HR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.38-5.71), and carcinomas of bladder (age 20 to &amp;lt;30 years; HR, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.35-8.30).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found associations between congenital tooth agenesis and several cancer types, from childhood to early adulthood. Further evaluation of these associations is needed to assess possible clinical implications.
Recurrent Intensive Care Episodes and Mortality Among Children With Severe Neurologic Impairment
Authors: Nelson Katherine E. , Zhu Jingqin , Thomson Joanna , Mahant Sanjay , Widger Kimberley , Feudtner Chris , Cohen Eyal , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Feinstein James A. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceChildren requiring care in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are known to have increased risk of subsequent mortality. Children with severe neurologic impairment (SNI)—who carry neurologic or genetic diagnoses with functional impairments and medical complexity—are frequently admitted to PICUs. Although recurrent PICU critical illness episodes (PICU-CIEs) are assumed to indicate a poor prognosis, the association between recurrent PICU-CIEs and mortality in this patient population is poorly understood.ObjectiveTo assess the association between number of recent PICU-CIEs and survival among children with severe neurologic impairment.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based retrospective cohort study used health administrative data from April 1, 2002, to March 31, 2020, on 4774 children born between 2002 and 2019 with an SNI diagnosis code in an Ontario, Canada, hospital record before 16 years of age and a first PICU-CIE from 2002 to 2019. Data were analyzed from November 2021 to June 2023.ExposurePediatric intensive care unit critical illness episodes (excluding brief postoperative PICU admissions).Main Outcome and MeasuresOne-year survival conditioned on the number and severity (length of stay &amp;gt;15 days or use of invasive mechanical ventilation) of PICU-CIEs in the preceding year.ResultsIn Ontario, 4774 children with SNI (mean [SD] age, 2.1 [3.6] months; 2636 [55.2%] &amp;lt;1 year of age; 2613 boys [54.7%]) were discharged alive between 2002 and 2019 after their first PICU-CIE. Ten-year survival after the initial episode was 81% (95% CI, 79%-82%) for children younger than 1 year of age and 84% (95% CI, 82%-86%) for children 1 year of age or older; the age-stratified curves converged by 15 years after the initial episode at 79% survival (95% CI, 78%-81% for children &amp;lt;1 year and 95% CI, 75%-84% for children ≥1 year). Adjusted for age category and demographic factors, the presence of nonneurologic complex chronic conditions (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.70 [95% CI, 1.43-2.02]) and medical technology assistance (AHR, 2.32 [95% CI, 1.92-2.81]) were associated with increased mortality. Conditional 1-year mortality was less than 20% regardless of number or severity of recent PICU-CIEs. Among children with high-risk PICU-CIEs, 1-year conditional survival decreased from 90% (95% CI, 89%-91%) after the first PICU-CIE to 81% (95% CI, 77%-86%) after the fourth PICU-CIE.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of children with SNI demonstrated a modest dose-dependent association between PICU-CIEs and short-term mortality. These data did not support the conventional wisdom that recurrent PICU admissions are associated with subsequent high mortality risk.
Quantifying the Need for Specialist Palliative Care Management in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Ross Laura , McDonald Julie , Hansen Dylan , Fairley Jessica , Wicks Carolyn , Proudman Susanna , Walker Jennifer , Sahhar Joanne , Ngian Gene‐Siew , Host Lauren , Stevens Wendy , Philip Jennifer , Nikpour Mandana 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThe importance of early integration of palliative care in the management of complex multisystem diseases has been recognized. In this study, we aimed to quantify the need for specialist palliative care in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsUsing data from 875 patients enrolled in the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study, we defined the need for palliative care as a high symptom burden at two or more consecutive study visits, at ≥50% of overall study visits, or at the study visit immediately before death. Symptoms of interest included breathlessness, fatigue, pain, depression, anxiety, constipation, and diarrhea. Logistic regression analyses evaluated the association between individual symptoms and SSc manifestations. Linear regression analysis evaluated the relationship between palliative care needs and quality of life (QoL) and function.ResultsAlmost three‐quarters of patients (72.69%) met the threshold for specialist palliative care needs. Severe fatigue (54.17%) was most common, followed by breathlessness (23.66%) and severe constipation (21.14%). Concurrent severe symptoms were frequently observed. Severe breathlessness (coefficient [coef] −7.95, P < 0.01) and pain (coef −7.70, P < 0.01) were associated with the largest reductions in physical QoL. Severe mood symptoms were associated with the greatest reduction in mental QoL (coef −12.91, P < 0.01). Severe pain (coef 0.56, P < 0.01), breathlessness (coef 0.49, P < 0.01), and mood symptoms (coef 0.40, P < 0.01) had a significant impact on function.ConclusionSSc is frequently associated with multiple severe symptoms that may be amenable to palliative care intervention. Given the strong association between symptom burden and impaired QoL targeted, effective symptom management in parallel with standard‐of‐care treatments may improve overall patient outcomes.
Understanding the Role of Proton and Hydroxide Transport in Forward‐Bias Bipolar Membrane for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Ge Xiaoli , Zhang Chengyi , Gogoi Pratahdeep , Janpandit Mayuresh , Prakash Shwetha , Yin Longwei , Wang Ziyun , Li Yuguang C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA forward‐bias bipolar membrane (BPM) provides an alkaline cathode condition, which can be beneficial to some electrochemical reactions, such as the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), but the water association (WA) in forward‐bias BPM is not well understood at all. In this study, BPMs are designed with different interfacial polymeric catalysts to investigate the WA reaction under forward‐bias for electrochemical applications. An enhanced current density is observed with added polymeric catalysts (−OH, −O−, −N−, and graphene oxide) compared to the blank control. Temperature‐dependent measurements indicated that the WA in BPM is not kinetically controlled. The in‐plane and through‐plane ions diffusion is investigated, which showed that the WA in BPM is limited mostly by the transport of OH− and, to a lesser degree, H+ at the interface. Molecular dynamic studies presented that the migration rate of OH− at the interface is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of H+, indicating that the WA is mainly governed by the transport of OH−. Finally, a forward‐bias CO2RR electrolyzer is demonstrated with an Faradaic effeiciency CO (FECO) of 92.2 ± 2.7%. This work provides important fundamental insights into the WA reaction that would enable the use of forward‐bias BPM electrolyzers in future electrochemical applications.
Selective Stereoretention of Carbohydrates upon C−C Cleavage Enabling D‐Glyceric Acid Production with High Optical Purity over a Ag/γ‐Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Yang Ruofeng , Xu Shuguang , Wang Xiaoyan , Xiao Yuan , Li Jianmei , Hu Changwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChiral carboxylic acid production from renewable biomass by chemocatalysis is vitally important for reducing our carbon footprint, but remains underdeveloped. We herein establish a strategy that make use of a stereogenic center of biomass to achieve a rare example of D‐glyceric acid production with the highest yield (86.8 %) reported to date as well as an excellent ee value (>99 %). Unlike traditional asymmetric catalysis, chiral catalysts/additives are not required. Ample experiments combined with quantum chemical calculations established the origins of the stereogenic center and catalyst performance. The chirality at C4 in D‐xylose was proved to be retained and successfully delivered to C2 in D‐glyceric acid during C−C cleavage. The remarkable cooperative‐roles of Ag+ and Ag0 in the constructed Ag/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst are disclosed as the crucial contributors. Ag+ was responsible for low‐temperature activation of D‐xylose, while Ag0 facilitated the generation of active O* from O2. Ag+ and active O* cooperatively promoted the precise cleavage of the C2−C3 bond, and more importantly O* allowed the immediate fast oxidization of the D‐glyceraldehyde intermediate to stabilize D‐glyceric acid, thereby inhibiting the side reaction that induced racemization. This strategy makes a significant breakthrough in overcoming the limitation of poor enantioselectivity in current chemocatalytic conversion of biomass.
The effect of child–parent relationship therapy‐based play support on parental stress and acceptance, and child behaviours in children who witness domestic violence: Randomized controlled study
Authors: Günaydin Yurdagül , Zincir Handan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn domestic violence (DV), the deterioration of parental skills in mothers, increased stress levels and child behaviour issues are the most common problems. In DV, the way to cope with the difficulties encountered is to strengthen relationships within the family. In this study, we aimed to reduce maternal stress levels and problematic child behaviours and increase the child acceptance level in children who have witnessed domestic violence (WDV) with child–parent relationship therapy (CPRT). This study is a randomized controlled study with pretest–posttest intervention and control groups. In the study, 20 mothers were in the intervention group, and 18 were in the control group. A 10‐week CPRT‐focused training program was applied to the intervention group. After the training of the mothers in the intervention group was completed, 2‐h training on communication skills was given to the mothers in the control group. The data include parents' reports through three surveys: the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), the Parental Acceptance‐Rejection Parental Form (PAR) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). In the study, it was determined in the group comparisons that the total scores of PSI, PAR and SDQ significantly reduced between the application and pre‐application terms for the intervention group (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the control group (p > 0.05). The results highlight the benefits and importance of including both mothers and children in therapeutic interventions for children who have WDV, with particular emphasis on CPRT benefits.
Natural Products That Contain Higher Homologated Amino Acids
Authors: Owens Skyler L. , Ahmed Shopno R. , Lang Harman Rebecca M. , Stewart Laura E. , Mori Shogo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis review focuses on discussing natural products (NPs) that contain higher homologated amino acids (homoAAs) in the structure as well as the proposed and characterized biosynthesis of these non‐proteinogenic amino acids. Homologation of amino acids includes the insertion of a methylene group into its side chain. It is not a very common modification found in NP biosynthesis as approximately 450 homoAA‐containing NPs have been isolated from four bacterial phyla (Cyanobacteria, Actinomycetota, Myxococcota, and Pseudomonadota), two fungal phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), and one animal phylum (Porifera), except for a few examples. Amino acids that are found to be homologated and incorporated in the NP structures include the following ten amino acids: alanine, arginine, cysteine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, and tyrosine, where isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine share the comparable enzymatic pathway. Other amino acids have their individual homologation pathway (arginine, proline, and glutamic acid for bacteria), likely utilize the primary metabolic pathway (alanine and glutamic acid for fungi), or have not been reported (cysteine and serine). Despite its possible high potential in the drug discovery field, the biosynthesis of homologated amino acids has a large room to explore for future combinatorial biosynthesis and metabolic engineering purpose.
Evidence of handedness in turtles
Authors: Honan Caroline , Hopkins John B. , Chatfield Matthew W. H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough research supporting cerebral lateralization, or handedness, in non‐human vertebrates is expanding, reptiles represent one of the least studied. While assessing wood turtle shells, we noticed more dents, scrapes, chips, and other forms of damage on the right side of turtles than on the left. Asymmetrical injury has been attributed to cerebral lateralization in other taxa, and current research supports handedness in testudines. After creating a “scute damage index” to catalog damage location, we confirmed turtles had more damage on the right side of their shells than on the left. We offer four hypotheses that explain this pattern.
A randomized controlled trial of sweet basil leaf powder‐enriched cookies for anemia management in adolescent girls
Authors: Akbar Farah Naz , Mahmood Shahid , Mueen‐ud‐din Ghulam , Khalid Waseem , Khalid Muhammad Zubair , Aziz Zaira , Alfarraj Saleh , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Madilo Felix Kwashie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sweet basil leaf powder as a natural source of iron for the treatment of anemia in adolescent girls. Purposive sampling technique of two‐stage sampling; part of the nonprobability sampling approach. Out of 2400 approached adolescent girls, 1645 agreed to participate and their nutritional status was assessed. Of these, 89.95% had clinical signs and symptoms of anemia, and 59.79% were found to be anemic based on Hb levels. From the anemic group, 65.18% were randomly selected to receive either B0 (Control), B1 (12.699 g FeSO4.7H2O/100 g), and B3 (16 g SBLP/100 g) cookies for 4 months. At the end of the intervention, the assessment of nutritional status, complete blood count, serum iron, serum ferritin, serum total iron‐binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation was explored. Hematological parameters such as Hb, Hct, TIBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum iron, and serum ferritin were significant (p ≤ .05). The result showed that the serum Fe was highest in group B3 while a significant decline was noted for group B0. Serum ferritin for B1 was better than B3. The entire treatment for transferrin saturation showed a highly significant increasing trend in B3 and B1, regardless of the control. TIBC levels raised in the control group while in all other treatments, it declined. The study demonstrated that SBLP‐fortified cookies can be an effective treatment option for anemia, as evidenced by significant improvements in key hematological parameters.
Wearing sensor data integration for promoting the performance skills of music in IoT
Authors: Li Xiaochan , Shi Yi , Pan Daohua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study integrates multi‐node wearable sensor data to improve music performance skills. A window‐adding method is used during time‐frequency feature extraction. By incorporating kernel functions, we present a generalized discriminant analysis (GDA) method to reduce the high‐dimensional sensor features while retaining performance traits. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed GDA approach achieves higher accuracy (92.71%), precision (90.54%), and recall (88.68%) compared to linear discriminant analysis (82.39% accuracy) and principal component analysis (88.56% accuracy) in classifying motions performed by music performers. The integrated analysis of wearable sensor data facilitates comprehensive feedback to strengthen proficiency across various music performance skills.
Identifying factors that influence the selection of a postgraduate year 2 ambulatory care residency program
Authors: Statczar Alexandra K. , Schumacher Christine A. , Borchert Jill S. , Quiñones‐Boex Ana C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionStudies have been conducted to evaluate motivating factors for pharmacy students in pursuing a postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residency program. Currently, no literature assesses the factors driving the selection of a specific PGY2 ambulatory care (AC) pharmacy program.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to identify factors driving the selection of a specific PGY2 AC pharmacy residency program. Secondary objectives were to describe whether these driving factors have changed throughout the residency year, the impact of remote work in the selection of a PGY2 AC program, and the impact of resident well‐being in the selection of a PGY2 AC program.MethodsA questionnaire was electronically distributed to 199 American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists residency program directors (RPDs) of PGY2 AC programs in March 2023. The RPDs were asked to forward the questionnaire and reminder emails to their current PGY2 AC residents. The questionnaire included a combination of categorical, Likert‐type, open‐ended, and demographic questions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results.ResultsIn total, 72 PGY2 AC residents responded, providing a response rate of 27%. The mean age was 26 (±1.30) years, 69% identified as female, and 57% practiced in an urban setting. The top three factors that influenced the selection prior to the ASHP Match were culture of the program, perceived positive resident morale, and mentorship provided by RPD and preceptors. These factors remained the most influential after being in residency for approximately 8–9 months. The ability to work from home or remotely, complete a teaching certificate program, and conduct telehealth visits were the least influential factors.ConclusionAn understanding of the factors that were most influential in the selection of a PGY2 AC program provides a unique resource to RPDs, allowing them to better position their program for future candidates.
Simulation study on functional group‐modified Ni‐MOF‐74 for CH4/N2 adsorption separation
Authors: Zhang Yueyang , Hu Gaofeng , Gao Xueting , Zhang Zhuxia , Cui Peng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study employs grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations to investigate the impact of functional group modifications (CH3, OH, NH2, and OLi) on the adsorption performance of CH4/N2 on Ni‐MOF‐74. The results revealed that functional group modifications significantly increased the adsorption capacity of Ni‐MOF‐74 for both CH4 and N2. The packed methyl groups in CH3‐Ni‐MOF‐74 create an environment conducive to CH4, leading to the highest CH4 adsorption capacity. The electrostatic potential distribution indicates that the strong electron‐donating effect introduced by the alkali metal Li results in the highest electrostatic potential gradient in Li‐O‐Ni‐MOF‐74, leading to the strongest adsorption of N2, this is unfavorable for CH4/N2 separation. At 1500 kPa the selectivity order of adsorbents for mixed gases was as follows: CH3‐Ni‐MOF‐74 > NH2‐Ni‐MOF‐74 > OH‐Ni‐MOF‐74 > Ni‐MOF‐74 > Li‐O‐Ni‐MOF‐74. This study highlights that CH3‐Ni‐MOF‐74 possesses optimal CH4 selectivity and adsorption performance. Given the current lack of research on functionalized MOF‐74 for the separation of CH4 and N2, the findings of this study will serve as a theoretical guide and provide references for the applications of CH4 adsorption and CH4/N2 separation.
Prognostic value of noninvasive programmed stimulation in primary prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator recipients
Authors: Futyma Piotr , Santangeli Pasquale , Zarębski Łukasz , Wrzos Aleksandra , Sander Jarosław , Futyma Marian , Marchlinski Francis E. , Kułakowski Piotr 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundImplantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) offers an opportunity to study inducibility of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) by performing noninvasive programmed ventricular stimulation (NIPS). Whether NIPS can predict future arrhythmic events or mortality in patients with primary prevention ICD, has not yet been examined.MethodsFrom the NIPS‐ICD study (ClinicalTrials ID: NCT02373306) 41 consecutive patients (34 males, age 64 ± 11 years, 76% ischemic cardiomyopathy [ICM]) had ICD for primary prevention indication. Patients underwent NIPS using a standardized protocol of up to three premature extrastimuli at 600, 500 and 400 ms drive cycle lengths. NIPS was classified as positive if sustained VT or VF was induced. The study endpoint was occurrence of sustained VT/VF during the follow‐up.ResultsAt baseline NIPS, VT/VF was induced in 8 (20%) ICM patients. During the 5‐year follow‐up, the VT/VF occurred in 7 (17%) patients, all with ICM. The difference between NIPS‐inducible versus NIPS‐noninducible patients regarding VT/VF occurrence did not meet statistical significance (38% vs. 12%, log rank test p = .11). After a 5‐year follow‐up, the mortality rate was significantly higher in patients who had VT/VF induced at NIPS versus no VT/VF at NIPS (38% vs. 12%, p = .043). The occurrence of a composite endpoint consisting of VT/VF recurrence or death in patients with ICM was also most frequent in the NIPS‐inducible group (75% vs. 35%, p = .037).ConclusionsInducibility of VT/VF during NIPS in ICM patients with primary prevention ICD is associated with higher mortality and higher incidence of composite endpoint consisting of death or VT/VF during a long‐term observation.