bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lanosterol metabolic product(s) is involved in primordial folliculogenesis and establishment of primordial folliclepool in mouse fetal ovary
Authors: Zhang Hua , Xu Baoshan , Xie Huirong , Zhou Bo , Ouyang Hong , Ning Gang , Li Ge , Zhang Meijia , Xia Guoliang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe primordial follicles present in neonatal ovary represent the fecundity of a female throughout her reproductive life. Germ cell meiosis and apoptosis are two important events during primordial folliculogenesis. In this study, through focusing on the cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14 alphademethylase (CYP51) and its lanosterol metabolic product(s), we explored the possible regulatory mechanism of the initiation of germ cell meiosis and primordial follicle formation. The expression of CYP51 could be detected in both oocytes and granulosa cells during primordial folliculogenesis by immunochemistry. RS21745, which leads to the reduction of lanosterol metabolic product(s) level, inhibited the primordial follicle formation in a dose‐dependent manner, and thus postpone the establishment of the primordial follicle pool when the mouse fetal ovaries were cultured in serum‐free medium. In contrast, the number of primordial follicle increased significantly with the accumulation of the lanosterol metabolic products caused by 0.025, 0.0625, and 0.125 µM AY9944‐A‐7 supplements. AY9944‐A‐7 also up‐regulated the expression of meiotic diplotene stage marker gene msy2 and primordial follicle formation regulatory gene fig‐alpha. Furthermore, AY9944‐A‐7 decreased the expression of apoptosis gene bax and significantly prevented oocyte apoptosis from 15.37 ± 1.97% to 3.68 ± 0.27% (P < 0.01) in neonatal ovary in vitro. In conclusion, our results indicate that lanosterol metabolic product(s) is involved in the primordial folliculogenesis by regulating the oocyte meiosis and apoptosis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 514–521, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Consolidation around stone columns. Influence of column deformation
Authors: Castro Jorge , Sagaseta César 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA solution is presented for the radial consolidation around stone columns under constant surcharge load. The solution considers the influence of vertical and radial deformation of the column, either in elastic and elastoplastic regimes.The solution is in terms of the average excess pore pressure in the soil. It is based on previous solutions, initially developed for rigid column, or including only vertical deformation. For elastic column, the solution gives the variation of strains and stresses between the undrained and final states, for which it coincides with the existing elastic solutions.All the results are given in closed form, and both the elastic and plastic deformations of the column lead to an equivalent coefficient of consolidation for the radial flow, which enables the application of the existing methods of integration of the consolidation equation.A parametric study is presented, showing the influence of the main problem features. A design example is used to illustrate the application to practical cases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explicit expressions for 3D boundary integrals in potential theory
Authors: Nintcheu Fata S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOn employing isoparametric, piecewise linear shape functions over a flat triangular domain, exact expressions are derived for all surface potentials involved in the numerical solution of three‐dimensional singular and hyper‐singular boundary integral equations of potential theory. These formulae, which are valid for an arbitrary source point in space, are represented as analytic expressions over the edges of the integration triangle. They can be used to solve integral equations defined on polygonal boundaries via the collocation method or may be utilized as analytic expressions for the inner integrals in the Galerkin technique. In addition, the constant element approximation can be directly obtained with no extra effort. Sample problems solved by the collocation boundary element method for the Laplace equation are included to validate the proposed formulae. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of high‐molecular‐weight epoxy resins from modified natural oils and Bisphenol A or BisphenolA‐based epoxy resins
Authors: Czub Piotr 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA method of synthesis of liquid high‐molecular‐weight epoxy resins from modified vegetable oils as natural raw materials is proposed. The possibility of application of epoxidized soybean, rapeseed, linseed, and sunflower oils as well as hydroxylated soybean and rapeseed oils as raw materials in the fusion process was verified. Reactions of: (i) epoxidized oils, used as low‐molecular‐weight epoxy resins, with Bisphenol A, as well as, (ii) Bisphenol A‐based epoxy resin with hydroxylated natural oils, were carried out in the presence of different catalysts (i.e., LiCl, 2‐methylimidazole, triphenylphosphine, and triethanolamine) in the temperature range of 130–160°C (depending on the catalyst type), and under nitrogen for minimization of the oxidative degradation. The epoxy value, color, number/weight‐average molecular weight, and polydispersity of the products obtained were studied in relation to the reaction conditions. Finally, the possibility of curing of the increased‐molecular‐weight epoxy resins, synthesized from the modified natural oils, with 2‐methylimidazole, dicyanodiamide, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, and triethylenetetramine was checked. The results of this research should enable reducing the use of petrochemical raw materials for the syntheses of high‐molecular‐weight epoxy resins. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stem cell options for kidney disease
Authors: Hopkins C , Li J , Rae F , Little MH 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing at the rate of 6–8% per annum in the US alone. At present, dialysis and transplantation remain the only treatment options. However, there is hope that stem cells and regenerative medicine may provide additional regenerative options for kidney disease. Such new treatments might involve induction of repair using endogenous or exogenous stem cells or the reprogramming of the organ to reinitiate development. This review addresses the current state of understanding with respect to the ability of non‐renal stem cell sources to influence renal repair, the existence of endogenous renal stem cells and the biology of normal renal repair in response to damage. It also examines the remaining challenges and asks the question of whether there is one solution for all forms of renal disease. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment results in patients with retinoblastoma and invasion to the cut end of the optic nerve
Authors: Chantada Guillermo L. , Guitter Myriam R. , Fandiño Adriana C. , Raslawski Elsa C. , de Davila Maria T.G. , Vaiani Elisa , Scopinaro Marcelo J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundThere is little information on the outcome of patients with retinoblastoma and tumor at the resection margin of the optic nerve.ProcedureRetrospective evaluation of three successive prospective protocols. Twenty‐six consecutive patients were analyzed (International Staging System—IRSS‐stage 2 = 21, stage 3 = 5) from three successive prospective protocols (1988–2006). Patients with stage 2 were enucleated upfront and those with stage 3 had neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by enucleation and adjuvant therapy. Both groups received adjuvant chemotherapy and orbital radiotherapy after enucleation. Patients in protocol 1 received 1 year of the lower‐dose chemotherapy regimen including cyclophosphamide, vincristine and doxorubicin along with intrathecal chemotherapy. Patients of protocols 2 and 3 received a more intense and shorter intravenous regimen including carboplatin and etoposide alternating with cyclophosphamide, idarubicin and vincristine with no intrathecal treatment. The components of protocol 2 and 3 were similar except for the dose of carboplatin which was 10% lower in protocol 3.ResultsThirteen were treated in protocol 1 and 13 in protocols 2 and 3. The probability of event‐free survival was 0.70 at 5 years. Events included: CNS relapse = 3, second malignancies = 3, death in complete remission = 2. There were no significant differences in outcome between protocols or stages. Endocrinological disturbances related to the hypothalamus–hypophysis axis were evident in 6/8 patients evaluated. Severe orbital sequelae occurred in 12 cases.ConclusionsA substantial number of patients with tumor at the resection margin of the optic nerve can be cured with current therapy; however, therapy related sequelae are frequent. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:218–222. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Germ cell tumors of the head and neck: Report from the MAKEI Study Group
Authors: Bernbeck Beate , Schneider Dominik T. , Bernbeck Benedikt , Koch Susanne , Teske Carmen , Lentrodt Jürgen , Harms Dieter , Göbel Ulrich , Calaminus Gabriele ,   on Behalf of the MAKEI‐Study Group
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundGerm cell tumors (GCTs) of the head and neck region are rare but may pose significant problems for perinatal management as well as surgical and adjuvant therapy.ProcedureThirty‐two prospectively reported patients from the German MAKEI studies (Maligne Keimzelltumoren) were analyzed with regard to perinatal management and long‐term survival.ResultsTwenty‐three tumors were diagnosed around birth and four during the first 3 months of life. All were primarily diagnosed as teratomas, but in two tumors, yolk sac tumor (YST) foci were identified. Another pure teratoma was diagnosed at 12 months. Four tumors were diagnosed after the first year of life and showed YST as leading histology. Most neonates presented with huge tumors causing external airway obstruction. All tumors were resected (complete resection, 16/26 patients with complete surgical information; incomplete resection, 10/26 patients). Eight tumors including five of six YSTs were treated with chemotherapy. In total, six patients relapsed. Relapse rate was higher after incomplete (5/10 patients) than after complete resection (1/16 patients). Accordingly, more relapses were observed in pharyngeal than in neck tumors due to incomplete resection. Nevertheless, half of the patients with incomplete resection remained in remission. One patient with YST died after multiple relapses.ConclusionsGCTs of the head and neck region require a multidisciplinary approach in specialized centers. Most patients with antenatal tumor growth are identified by ultrasound and delivered preterm by cesarian section. After delivery, immediate intubation and ventilation aim for respiratory stabilization, followed by elective resection. With this approach, outcome was favorable. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:223–226. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One year follow‐up of children and adolescents with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) treated with rituximab
Authors: Mueller Brigitta U. , Bennett Carolyn M. , Feldman Henry A. , Bussel James B. , Abshire Thomas C. , Moore Theodore B. , Sawaf Hadi , Loh Mignon L. , Rogers Zora R. , Glader Bertil E. , McCarthy Maggie C. , Mahoney Donald H. , Olson Thomas A. , Feig Stephen A. , Lorenzana Adonis N. , Mentzer William C. , Buchanan George R. , Neufeld Ellis J. ,   for the Pediatric Rituximab/ITP Study Group, the Glaser Pediatric Research Network.
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundWe previously showed in a prospective study that rituximab appears to be effective in some children and adolescents with severe chronic immune thrombocytopenia. Eleven of 36 patients achieved and maintained platelet counts over 50,000/mm3 within the first 12 weeks. These patients were followed for the next year.MethodsPlatelet counts were monitored monthly and all subsequent bleeding manifestations and need for further treatment was noted.ResultsEight of the 11 initial responders maintained a platelet count over 150,000/mm3 without further treatment intervention. Three patients had a late relapse. One initial non‐responder achieved a remission after 16 weeks, and two additional patients maintained platelet counts around 50,000/mm3 without the need for further intervention.ConclusionsRituximab resulted in sustained efficacy with platelet counts of 50,000/mm3 or higher in 11 of 36 patients (31%). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:259–262. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal cell carcinoma in the pediatric population: Results from the California Cancer Registry
Authors: Silberstein Jonathan , Grabowski Julia , Saltzstein Sidney L. , Kane Christopher J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare disease in children and adolescents. This study aimed to review epidemiologic characteristics and survival for pediatric RCC patients using a large, population‐based database.ProcedureThe California Cancer Registry (CCR) was reviewed from 1988 to 2004. All cases of RCC in patients younger than 21 years were identified and annual age‐adjusted incidence rates were determined for the overall population and subdivided by ethnicity. Tumors were classified by stage and grade, and actuarial mortality rates were calculated.ResultsFrom 1988 to 2004, 43 cases of RCC were identified in patients younger than 21 years, accounting for 4.3% of all renal tumors in this age group. The overall annual age‐adjusted incidence was 0.01/100,000 with the tumor more common in non‐Hispanic blacks (0.03/100,000) compared to non‐Hispanic whites (0.01/100,000), Hispanics (<0.01/100,000), and non‐Hispanic Asians/Pacific Islanders (<0.01/100,000). The mean age at presentation was 15.4 years (SD 4.03, SE 0.615). RCC was identified more frequently in females (58.14%). At the time of presentation, 53.49% of tumors were localized, 20.93% were regionally advanced, and 25.58% were metastatic. The observed actuarial survival at 5 and 10 years was 61% (±15.7%).ConclusionPediatric RCC is an uncommon and aggressive tumor that occurs most frequently in children in the second decade of life, more often in females and blacks. The epidemiological characteristics of this tumor differ from adult RCC and Wilms tumor, suggesting its distinctive biology and potential need for alternative treatment strategies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:237–241. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascular abnormalities in pediatric craniopharyngioma patients treated with radiation therapy
Authors: Liu Arthur K. , Bagrosky Brian , Fenton Laura Z. , Gaspar Laurie E. , Handler Michael H. , McNatt Sean A. , Foreman Nicholas K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundCraniopharyngioma is a benign brain tumor that can be treated with some combination of surgery, intracystic chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Treatment for craniopharyngioma, especially radiation therapy, is associated with a variety of long‐term toxicities including vascular abnormalities. We report on the incidence of vascular abnormalities seen in the children with craniopharyngioma who received radiation therapy at our institution.ProcedureWe reviewed our experience with craniopharyngioma patients who received radiation therapy from 1995 to 2008. We reviewed clinical data including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and imaging for vasculopathy.ResultsTwenty of the 22 children with craniopharyngioma who received radiation therapy had imaging available. Six of the 20 were found to have some type of vasculopathy. One had bilateral temporal cavernomas, one had moyamoya syndrome, one had an aneurysm of the internal carotid artery and three children had decreases in the caliber of the carotid or cerebral arteries, but were asymptomatic. Two of the six children with abnormalities also received intracystic bleomycin prior to radiation therapy.ConclusionsWe report a high incidence of vascular abnormalities in children with craniopharyngioma. The data suggest that intracystic bleomycin may contribute to radiation‐related vasculopathy. We now include magnetic resonance angiography as part of our routine follow up in these children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:227–230. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the design of end tabs for quasi‐static and fatigue testing of fibre‐reinforced composites
Authors: De Baere I. , Van Paepegem W. , Degrieck J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe use of end tabs is often necessary when performing quasi‐static uniaxial tests on fibre‐reinforced composites. However, finding a suitable combination of material and geometry for these end tabs to have acceptable and reproducible results may be a problem. In this article four different geometries and four different materials of the tabs are numerically examined for the tensile testing of a carbon fabric reinforced polyphenylene sulphide. First, it is assessed if a simplified finite element model of a tensile grip is acceptable. Then, this simplified model is used to examine the proposed set‐ups. It may be concluded that, for the given material, short straight end tabs with a [(0°,90°)]4s layup should be used and the specimen should be mounted in such a way that the end tabs are completely between the grips. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Development of a polyamide nanocomposite for food industry: Morphological structure, processing, and properties
Authors: Pereira David , Losada Perfecto Paseiro , Angulo Inmaculada , Greaves William , Cruz Jose M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn the last few years, nanocomposites have been a focus of attention for researchers because they frequently exhibit unexpected hybrid properties derived from synergistic reactions between nanoparticles and the polymeric matrix. However, few studies about the dispersion of inorganic clay minerals in polyamide films have been carried out to explain the process of exfoliation. The exfoliation of nanoclays in the polyamide film provides a film with better barrier properties than the intercalation of nanoclays. The present study addresses the analysis of experimental variables (pressure, temperature, processing time, feed position, etc.) involved in the production of a polyamide film with nanoparticles, in order to obtain a film with good exfoliation, barrier and mechanical properties. SEM, TEM and XRD were also evaluated as tools to determine the degree of exfoliation of nanoparticles. The technique used in production of the film, the screw employed and the mixing time were found to be of great importance in obtaining an intercalated or exfoliated final product. The variables involved in obtaining an exfoliated Cloisite 30B/polyamide film by a double screw extruder were optimized, and a film with reduced permeability to oxygen (1,000 times lower than the control film) wasobtained. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Photopolymerization and characteristics of reactive organoclay–polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Tan Hailin , Ma Guiping , Xiao Ming , Nie Jun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPolymerizable ammonium surfactants with two methacrylate alkyl chains were successfully synthesized via Michael‐Addition and quaternization reaction. Organoclays containing reactive methacrylate groups were prepared by cationic exchange process. Intercalated nanocomposites have been produced by UV initiated polymerization with different organophilic clay loading. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy showed that the d spacing of organoclay increased with increment of methacrylate alkyl chains length. When organoclay were dispersed in urethane acrylate resin, and photopolymerized, the d spacing increased, but the increasing extent decreased with increment of the methacrylate alky chains length. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that incorporation of reactive organoclay had better thermal stablity than cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMA)‐modified organoclay and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed nanocomposites containing reactive organoclay had high glass transition temperature and storage modulus. Tensile analysis implied that incorporation of reactive organoclay could enhance mechanical and tensile properties dramatically. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Wollastonite‐reinforced polypropylene composites modified with novel metallocene EPR copolymers. II. Mechanical properties and adhesion
Authors: Švab Iztok , Musil Vojko , Pustak Anđela , Šmit Ivan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMechanical properties and adhesion phenomena of isotactic polypropylene/wollastonite/metallocene propylene‐ethylene copolymers (iPP/W/EPR) composites were studied as a function of metallocene propylene‐based copolymers content from 0 to 20 vol%. The composites with different surface treated wollastonites and two types of EPR have shown similar behavior of most mechanical properties except elongation at break and impact strength respective of the difference in some characteristics of used EPR elastomers. The increase and the difference in elongation at break could be explained by renewed spherulitic morphology of the iPP matrix. Stronger interactions between EPR‐1 and two used types of wollastonites than between EPR‐2 and corresponding wollastonites concluded from the surface properties led to the difference in impact strength behavior. The determined mechanical properties confirm the assumption coming out of structural investigations that metallocene EPR elastomers are rather efficient impact modifiers than encapsulation compatibilizers for the iPP/wollastonite composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Experimental study of sharp‐tipped projectile perforation of GFRP plates containing sand filler under high velocity impact and quasi‐static loadings
Authors: Sabet Ali Reza , Beheshty Mohammad Hosain , Rahimi Hamid 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPenetration and perforation behavior of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) plates containing 20% sand filler have been investigated via high velocity impact tests using sharp tipped (30°) projectile and quasi‐static perforation tests. Two size sand filler (75 and 600 μm) were used in 4‐, 8‐, and 14‐layered laminated composite plates to study sensitivity of filler size toward loading system. Composite plates were examined for perforation load rate at 5 mm/min and high‐velocity impact loading up to 220 m/s. Results indicated higher energy absorption for GFRP plates containing sand filler for both high‐velocity impact and quasi‐static perforation tests. Higher ballistic limits were recorded for specimens containing sand filler. The study showed clear role played by coarse‐sized sand filler as a secondary reinforcement in terms of higher energy absorption as compared with nonfilled and specimens containing fine‐sized fillers. The investigation successfully characterized behavior of quasi‐static test during penetration and perforation of the sharp‐tipped indenter as an aid for impact application studies. Residual frictional load in the specimens containing sand filler constituted considerable portion of load bearing during perforation in quasi‐static tests. Delaminations followed by fiber and matrix fracture were major failure mode in high‐velocity tests and the main energy absorbing mechanism in thick‐walled plates, whereas in quasi‐static tests the failures were more of matrix fracture and fiber sliding. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers