bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, clinical characteristics and survival of malignant lymphomas: a population‐based study from a cancer registry in northern Italy
Authors: Luminari Stefano , Cesaretti Marina , Rashid Ivan , Mammi Caterina , Montanini Antonella , Barbolini Elisa , Bellei Monica , Pennese Elsa , Sirotti Maria Angela , Marcheselli Luigi , Partesotti Giovanni , Bari Alessia , Maiorana Antonino , Bonacorsi Goretta , Federico Massimo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe conducted a population‐based study of peripheral lymphomas (PL) that had been diagnosed between 1997 and 2003 in the province of Modena, Italy, with the aim of providing updated incidence, clinical and survival data for these cancers. We evaluated the incidence patterns and time trends of 1582 cases of PL that had been reclassified according to the WHO classification of hematological malignancies. Data regarding clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome were also collected for each case. The World Age‐Standardized Rate (ASR) was calculated as 13.4, 2.2 and 3.4 per 100,000 people for B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), T‐cell NHL and Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL), respectively, with an increase of 1.62% per year during the study period. The lymphoma subtype showing the highest incidence was found to be diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with an ASR of 4.8. Compared with reports from other western countries, our series is characterized by a higher incidence of HL and indolent B‐NHL in general, and of CLL/SLL (ASR = 3.3) and marginal zone NHL (ASR = 1.5), in particular, and also by a lower incidence of FL (ASR = 2). After a median follow‐up of 54 months, the 5‐year relative survival for the whole series was found to be 70% with a statistically significant improvement for cases diagnosed during 2002–2003 (from 66 to 74%; p = 0.03). Survival improvement within the study period was also evident for patients with DLBCL, HL and T‐NHL. Our study provides a comprehensive description of both the epidemiological and clinical features of PL cases in Modena and our data also reflect the major advances in the curability of some histological subtypes of this disease. The usefulness of a population‐based approach to better characterizing different lymphoma subtypes is also demonstrated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does the evidence matter in medicine? The retinoblastoma paradigm
Authors: Mastrangelo Domenico , De Francesco Sonia , Di Leonardo Aldo , Lentini Laura , Hadjistilianou Theodora 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRetinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular malignant tumour in childhood, with an incidence of 1 in 15,000 live births. Complete information on this rare tumour can be easily accessed through the internet, although many aspect concerning the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease, are still controversial. The “two hit” theory, formulated in 1971 to explain the variegated clinical expression of the disease, is based on the idea that single gene mutation may determine the development of cancer. However, this view does not take into account the most recent evidences showing the role of aneuploidy and chromosome instability in cancer. Also, a number of other genes and epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the genesis of retinoblastoma. More importantly, the “two hit” theory makes predictions, concerning the age distribution of the tumour, its mode of “transmission” (hereditary retinoblastoma), and its pathogenesis, which are not fulfilled by the clinical reality. Overall, the “two hit” theory represents a rather simplistic and outdated model to explain tumour development and clinical evolution of retinoblastoma. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computability of solutions of operator equations
Authors: Bosserhoff Volker 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe study operator equations within the Turing machine based framework for computability in analysis. Is there an algorithm that maps pairs (T,u) (whereTis given in form of a program) to solutions ofTx=u? Here we consider the case whenTis a bounded linear mapping between Hilbert spaces. We are in particular interested in computingthe generalized inverse T†u, which is the standard concept of solution in the theory of inverse problems. Typically,T†is discontinuous (i. e. the equationTx=uisill‐posed) and hence no computable mapping. However, we will use effective versions of theorems from the theory ofregularizationto show that the mapping (T,T*,u, ‖T†u‖) ↦T†uis computable. We then go on to study the computability ofaverage‐case solutionswith respect to Gaussian measures which have been considered ininformation based complexity. Here,T†is considered as an element of anL2‐space. We define suitable representations for such spaces and use the results from the first part of the paper to show that (T,T*, ‖T†‖) ↦ T†is computable. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Computing the topological entropy of shifts
Authors: Spandl Christoph 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDifferent characterizations of classes of shift dynamical systems via labeled digraphs, languages, and sets of forbidden words are investigated. The corresponding naming systems are analyzed according to reducibility and particularly with regard to the computability of the topological entropy relative to the presented naming systems. It turns out that all examined natural representations separate into two equivalence classes and that the topological entropy is not computable in general with respect to the defined natural representations. However, if a specific labeled digraph representation – namely primitive, right‐resolving labeled digraphs – of some class of shifts is considered, namely the shifts having the specification property, then the topological entropy gets computable. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Use of Bone Substitutes in the Treatment of Bone Defects – the Clinical View and History
Authors: Schlickewei Wolfgang , Schlickewei Carsten 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSummary: Bone has the ability to regenerate and remodel itself. In the clinic circumstances appear when bone defects do not heal spontaneously. These situations frequently result from trauma, congenital abnormities, infection or tumor resection. Hence, filling of the resulting defect by bone transplantation is a common practise with an increasing value in the re‐establishment of the musculoskeletal system to promote bone healing. Since decades, efforts have been put to improve the effectiveness of bone substitutes. Conventional approaches with the use of ivory, animal and also human bone were not satisfactory. Negative effects like allergic reactions, rejection reactions, inflammations and other problems occurred. These led to implant failure, non union and amputation, to only mention a few. The introduction of bone banks and the development of standards in bone transplantation brought up the false hope to find a final solution for the treatment of bone loss. Disease transmissions (HIV) by allografts caused critical discussions. Despite all efforts, transplantation of autogenous cancellous bone is still the “gold standard” to induce bone healing. However, autografts are only limited available and are accompanied with high morbidity and mortality during the harvest. The problems associated with autologous and allogenous bone grafts promoted the development of multiple organic and inorganic bone substitutes. Well established substitutes at the present are demineralised bone matrix (DBM), composites and calcium phosphates (hydroxyl apatite and tri‐calcium phosphate). These osteoconductive substances have shown to improve new bone formation. Nevertheless, clinical application of these materials is merely successful in a good bony environment but does not induce large progress in critical bone defects.
Biosynthesis of High Quality Polyhydroxyalkanoate Co‐ and Terpolyesters for Potential Medical Application by the Archaeon Haloferax mediterranei
Authors: Koller Martin , Hesse Paula , Bona Rodolfo , Kutschera Christoph , Atlić Aid , Braunegg Gerhart 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSummary: Haloferax mediterranei was investigated for the production of two different high‐performance polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). A copolyester containing 6 mol‐% 3‐hydroxyvalerate (3HV) was produced from whey sugars as sole carbon source. The maximum specific growth rate (µmax.) and the maximum specific PHA production rate (qp max.) were determined with 0.10 1/h and 0.15 1/h, respectively. The cells contained 72.8 wt.‐% of P‐(3HB‐co‐6%‐3HV) which featured low melting points between 150 and 160 °C and narrow molecular mass distribution (polydispersity PDI = 1.5). Further, a PHA terpolyester with an increased 3HV fraction as well as 4‐hydroxybutyrate (4HB) building blocks was accumulated by feeding of whey sugars plus 3HV ‐ and 4HB precursors. Kinetic analysis of the process reveals a µmax. of 0.14 1/h and a qp max. of 0.23 1/h, respectively. The final percentage of P‐(3HB‐co‐21.8%‐3HV‐co‐5.1%‐4HB) in biomass amounted to 87.5 wt.‐%. Also this material showed a narrow molecular mass distribution (PDI = 1.5) and a high difference between the two melting endotherms of the material (between 140 and 150 °C) and the onset of decomposition at 236 °C. The accomplished work provides viable strategies to obtain different high‐quality PHAs which might be potential candidates for application in the medical and pharmaceutical field.
New Approaches in the Treatment of Critical‐Size Segmental Defects in Long Bones
Authors: Gugala Zbigniew , Lindsey Ronald W. , Gogolewski Sylwester 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSummary: The treatment of large segmental diaphyseal bone deficiencies presents a formidable challenge. The standard treatment modalities such as cancellous bone grafting, cortical allografts, vascularized bone transfer, or distraction osteogenesis exhibit extremely high complication rates, and can culminate in limb amputation or major functional deficits. Recent efforts to develop new treatment modalities for segmental bone loss have resulted in designing new biodegradable polymeric and metallic mesh implants that can incorporate novel osteogenic, osteoinductive, and/or osteoconductive bone healing augmentation materials. These biologic implant composites are capable of further enhancing the efficacy of the treatment applied. This paper briefly reviews the limitations of the currently applied standard treatment modalities for segmental critical size bone defects, provides insight into the specific treatment challenges, and presents the animal and initial clinical results of new alterative treatment approaches that involve the application of cylindrical mesh implants consisting of biodegradable polylactide membranes or titanium cages as a means of potentiating the efficacy of bone graft.
Collagen‐Derived Biomaterials in Bone and Cartilage Repair
Authors: Zheng Ming H. , Hinterkeuser K. , Solomon K. , Kunert V. , Pavlos N. J. , Xu J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSummary: We have analyzed a number of collagen‐derived biomaterials for the matrix‐ induced and assisted bone and cartilage tissue regeneration. These include the Small intestine submuosa (SIS) Restor ™, ACI‐Maix collagen membrane, Chondro‐ Gide collagen membrane, Permacol collagen Ossix and lycoll collagen membrane and five types of collagen‐based marine sponge skeletons. Certain characteristics of different scaffold materials with comparable chemical composition may vary significantly. This variation may have a relevant impact on the suitability of the scaffolds for bone and cartilage regeneration. It suggests that the ACI‐Maix® membrane is the best available collagen‐derived material for an MACI®/MACT® application. In addition, the study of marine sponge indicates that the collagenous fibre skeleton of marine sponges provides a suitable bioscaffold for bone regeneration, as it supports the adhesion, migration and proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro.
Novel duplication mutation in the patatin domain of adipose triglyceride lipase (PNPLA2) in neutral lipid storage disease with severe myopathy
Authors: Akiyama Masashi , Sakai Kaori , Ogawa Masaya , McMillan James R. , Sawamura Daisuke , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecently, mutations in PNPLA2 encoding adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) were reported to underlie a neutral lipid storage disease (NLSD) subgroup characterized by mild myopathy and the absence of ichthyosis. In the present study a novel homozygous PNPLA2 mutation c.475_478dupCTCC (p.Gln160ProfsX19) in the patatin domain, the ATGL active site, was detected in a woman with NLSD and severe myopathy. The present results suggest that a premature truncation mutation in the patatin domain causes NLSD with severe myopathy. Muscle Nerve, 2007
On homotopy continuation method for computing multiple solutions to the Henon equation
Authors: Chen Xianjin , Zhou Jianxin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMotivated by numerical examples in solving semilinear elliptic PDEs for multiple solutions, some properties of Newton homotopy continuation method, such as its continuation on symmetries, the Morse index, and certain functional structures, are established. Those results provide useful information on selecting initial points for the method to find desired solutions. As an application, a bifurcation diagram, showing the symmetry/peak breaking phenomena of the Henon equation, is constructed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
Performance of a panel of maternal serum markers in predicting preeclampsia at 11–15 weeks' gestation
Authors: Banzola Irina , Farina Antonio , Concu Manuela , Sekizawa Akihiko , Purwosunu Yuditiya , Strada Isabella , Arcelli Diego , Simonazzi Giuliana , Caramelli Elisabetta , Rizzo Nicola 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated whether a discriminant model of prediction based on quantitative distribution of a panel of biomolecules in maternal serum can discriminate normal pregnancies from those who will develop preeclampsia (PE) prior to onset of clinical symptoms at 11–15 weeks' gestation.MethodsCase control study encompassing 56 women destined to develop PE cases matched 1:3 for gestational age with 168 controls. After multiple of median (MoM) conversion of all available markers, comprising total Activin A (t‐activin A), P‐selectin, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) the combined likelihood ratios generated for each marker were used to calculate, for each patient enrolled in the study, the odds of being affected given a positive results (OAPR) of developing PE. For all the analyses performed, the type II error was < 20% with a type I error fixed at 5%.ResultsData were expressed in MoM of controls. P‐selectin was identified as the marker with the best discriminant ability between controls and PE, followed by (t‐activin A). No significant differences in VEGFR were observed between cases and controls. By using a 3% prevalence of PE (or, about 1:33) we found that the median OAPR of developing PE for the 56 cases was 1:9 or 10% (1:1–1:417). The median OAPR of PE for controls was 1:40 or 2.5% (range, 1:6–1:4205). Detection rate of the statistical model, with a 5% false‐positive rate was 59%.ConclusionThis analysis revealed that maternal serum markers assessed at the first and second trimester of pregnancy in asymptomatic patients can improve the early detection of cases at higher risk of developing PE. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A programming language for service‐oriented computing with mobile agents
Authors: Paulino Hervé , Lopes Luís 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe present MOB, a service‐oriented scripting language, for programming mobile agents. We argue that combining the service‐oriented and mobile agent paradigms provides a very natural model for programming a large class of distributed applications. In MOB, mobile agents in a network simultaneously provide and use services. The service interfaces constitute contracts that bind agents among themselves. The language features static type‐checking to guarantee that contracts are respected at run‐time. Other language features, such as redundant service providers, allow a certain degree of fault‐tolerance by allowing applications to switch servers dynamically in case a failure is detected (e.g. a server crash). For these reasons, the target applications we envision more interesting to develop using MOBare services for networks with highly dynamic, volatile resources or simply highly adaptive, reconfigurable applications for more classical networks. The paper presents MOBand its implementation from an application programmer's and a systems developer's view. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroimaging of the serotonin reuptake site requires high‐affinity ligands
Authors: Elfving Betina , Madsen Jacob , Knudsen Gitte M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNumerous attempts have been made to develop suitable radiolabeled tracers for positron emission tomography or single photon emission computed tomography imaging of the serotonin transporter (SERT), but most often, negative outcomes are reported. The aim of this study is to define characteristics of a good SERT radioligand and to investigate species differences. We examined seven different selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and that except for one all have been previously tested as emission tomography ligands. The outcome of the ligands as emission tomography tracers was compared in relation with receptor density (Bmax) and/or ligand affinity (Kd) in rat and monkey cerebrum and cerebellum (reference region) membranes. [3H]‐(S)‐Citalopram and [3H]‐(+)‐McN5652 display statistically significantly lower affinity, whereas [3H]paroxetine displays statistically significantly higher affinity for SERT in monkey cortex when compared with the rat cerebrum. The affinity of [3H]MADAM, [123I]ADAM, and [11C]DASB for SERT obtained with rat cerebrum and monkey cortexare similar. In monkey cortex, Kd and Bmax could not be determined with [3H]fluoxetine. Of the seven SSRIs, [3H]‐(S)‐citalopram, [3H]MADAM, and [11C]DASB displayed significant specific binding to SERT in monkey cerebellum, with Bmax cortex:cerebellum ratios being 17, 3, and 4, respectively. In rat brain tissue the ratios were 12, 6, and 3, respectively. In conclusion, it can be estimated that imaging of the human SERT in a high‐density region requires radioligands with Kd values between 0.03 and a maximum of 0.3 nM (at 37°C). The differential specific cerebellar binding raises the question of the suitability of cerebellum as a reference region for nonspecific binding. Synapse 61:882–888, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Knowledge Production, Framing and Criminal Justice Reform in Latin America
Authors: MACAULAY FIONA 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis commentary surveys some of the trends and gaps in current research on criminal justice reform in Latin America – with a focus on Brazil, and on two specific areas: police and prison/penal reform. It explores two principal themes: the uneven and thin production of knowledge about criminal justice issues; and the impact this has on policy reforms and on the ways in which these are framed and interpreted in terms of their relative success and failure. Overall it argues that we still know very little about criminal justice institutions and the actors within them. We also need many more finely-grained analyses of the dynamics of reform efforts and of the policy environments in which these take place in order to understand how and why reform initiatives are often derailed or subverted, and, more rarely, flourish and can be embedded and replicated.
Inherent limits on the identification of a neural basis for general intelligence
Authors: Blair Clancy 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe target article provides a thoughtful review and synthesis of studies examining the neural basis of cognitive abilities associated with intelligence test performance. In its attempt to present a new or generative theory of the neural basis for intelligence, however, the review faces specific limits to its theoretical model that relate to processes of development and the role of automaticity in cognition.
Overall intelligence and localized brain damage
Authors: Zaidel Dahlia W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOverall mean performance on intelligence tests by brain-damaged patients with focal lesions can be misleading in regard to localization of intelligence. The widely used WAIS has many subtests that together recruit spatially distant neural “centers,” but individually the subtests reveal localized functions. Moreover, there are kinds of intelligence that defy the localizationist approach inferred from brain damage.
Bromidechinus, a new Ordovician echinozoan (Echinodermata), and its bearing on the early history of echinoids
Authors: Smith Andrew B. , Savill Jeremy J. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTA new genus and species of primitive echinozoan, Bromidechinus rimaporus, is described from the Upper Ordovician of Oklahoma, USA. This has a unique plate arrangement. There is a single perradial series of imperforate plates bounded on either side by a column of perforate ambulacral plates. A double column of interambulacral plates separates ambulacral zones. The sparse record of Ordovician echinozoans is reviewed and cladistic analysis suggests that Bromidechinus represents a lineage that diverged prior to the split between bothriocidarids and main-line echinoids. This leads to a revised interpretation of the earliest stages of morphological evolution of echinoids.
The first Silurian chasmataspid, Loganamaraspis dunlopi gen. et sp. nov. (Chelicerata: Chasmataspidida) from Lesmahagow, Scotland, and its implications for eurypterid phylogeny
Authors: Tetlie O. Erik , Braddy Simon J. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTA new chasmataspid (Chelicerata: Chasmataspidida) is described from the Early Silurian (Late Llandovery–Early Wenlock) of Lesmahagow, Scotland, as Loganamaraspis dunlopi gen. et sp. nov. It is distinguished from related forms by the low tapering ratio of the postabdomen, pediform sixth prosomal appendage and a heart-shaped metastoma. Additionally, a genital operculum with a genital appendage is preserved. The recognisable morphology of L. dunlopi gen. et sp. nov. bridges some of the gap between the Ordovician Chasmataspididae and the Devonian Diploaspididae. Traces of the gut are reported for the first time from a chasmataspid. Chasmataspids are regarded as sister group to the eurypterids: an anterior opercular plate anterior to the genital appendage in L. dunlopi gen. et sp. nov. is regarded as homologous to the anterior opercular plate of the three-segmented genital operculae of Dolichopterus and Stylonurina. This is considered a plesiomorphic character within Eurypterida, whilst the two-segmented genital operculum (with deltoid plates) of Eurypterina is considered apomorphic.