bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Hemagglutination Assays
Authors: Horowitz Bernard , Woods Kenneth R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Conditions favoring the coupling of antibody to human erythrocytes stabilized by a variety of reagents were studied with the use of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. Functional anti‐HBs bound to erythrocytes was measured by radioimmune assay using 125 I‐HBsAg. The attachment of anti‐HBs to aldehyde‐stabilized cells is favored by low pH and low ionic strength. The extent of antibody binding is both concentration and time dependent. Development of spontaneous agglutination of the coated erythrocytes occurs with the attachment of increasing quantities of anti‐HBs.Although antibody was rapidly taken up by aldehyde‐stabilized erythrocytes, it was initially readily dissociable, but after longer exposure became firmly bound.Experiments pertaining to the chemical nature of the more stable antibody‐erythrocyte complex gave results consistent with covalent bond formation, though rigorous proof was not developed.
Antisera with la Specificity Selected by Lymphocytes from Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Lawler Sylvia D. , Dewar P. J. , Mrazek Ivanka , Jones Elizabeth H. , Hockley A. B. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) have been used to screen the sera of pregnant women for antibodies specific for B lymphocytes. The sera have been divided into groups showing la specificity: group I (UK 3) had a positive association with HLA‐B8 and DW 3, and group II (UK 2) with HLA‐B7 and DW2. Groups III, IV and X were independent of each other and of HLA‐A, B and C locus antigens.Certain sera with B‐cell activity showed specific blocking activity in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and this activity was dependent on the la specificities and DW specificities of cells used in the MLR. Some sera specifically blocked the responding cells, others the stimulating cells.
Two Melanesian Antisera Reacting with SsU Components
Authors: Booth P. B. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Two different Melanesian antibodies demonstrated, by blocking tests and their reaction patterns, steric interaction of S, s and U components. The antigen (s) detected, designated Ux and Uz, may represent differing conformations, genetically determined, of certain U, S and s structures.Of 1,000 Caucasian bloods, 3 had very marked enhancement of Ux. Family studies are presented. In one such blood, abnormal steric interation of D with s and U was indicated. Melanesian population studies show that Ux and Uz are among the antigens depressed in recessive ovalocytosis. The linkage disequilibria affecting MNSs and SsUz are inter‐related, the associations being of SUz with Caucasian M and Melanesian N.
Hepatitis B Antigen and Antibody among Staff Members of an Israeli Hospital and a Kibbutz Population
Authors: Sikuler E. , Dvilansky A. , Skibin A. , Quastel M. R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Until recently, hepatitis type B was thought to be transmitted parenterally. However, much evidence has appeared regarding non‐parenteral transmission. Hospital personnel are exposed both ways to this disease. We compared the incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti‐HBs) among 388 workers at a major medical center in Israel with 203 kibbutz residents, using radioimmunoassay procedures.Of the hospital personnel, 1.8% were found to carry the antigen and 23.9% the antibody. In contrast, 0.5% of kibbutz personnel were antigen‐positive and 11.8% carried the antibody. The highest incidence of antibody was found among people born in middle‐eastern countries outside of Israel. These results show a significant increase in the exposure of hospital personnel to hepatitis B virus. A marked increase in the frequency of sera positive for anti‐HBs occurred after the first year of hospital work.
Anti‐D Immunoglobulin Preparations: the Stability of Anti‐D Concentrations and the Error of the Assay of Anti‐D
Authors: Hughes‐Jones N. C. , Hunt Valerie A. , Maycock W. d'A. , Wesley E. D. , Vallet L. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. An analysis of the assay of 28 preparations of anti‐D immunoglobulin using a radioisotope method carried out at 6‐monthly intervals for 2–4.5 years showed an average fall in anti‐D concentration ot 10.6% each year, with 99% confidence limits ot 6.8–14.7%. The fall in anti‐D concentration after storage at 37°C for 1 month was less than 8%, the minimum change that could be detected. No significant change in physical characteristics of the immunoglobulin were detected.The error of a single estimate of anti‐D by the radioisotope method (125I‐labelled anti‐IgG) used here was calculated to be such that the true value probably (p = 0.95) lay between 66 and 150% of the estimated value.
Red Cell Antibody Screening with the Groupamatic System
Authors: Garretta M. , Gener J. , de Jerphanion I. , Jacquet D. , Muller A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. These data comprise 1,231,024 routine tests carried out over a 5‐year period on voluntary blood donors. The percentage of positive results on the machines varies from 1 to 3% of the total number of samples tested. Antibodies identified either by manual or automated techniques make up 15–20% of the positive screening reactions. Rhesus, Lewis and P systems prevail, whilst Duffy, Kidd and Lutheran systems are absent.This screening has three main advantages: the supply of plasma for our production of test sera, or therapeutic immunoglobulins; protection of the recipient; partial information on the donor's immunohaematological state, especially for the risk of giving him incompatible blood sometimes in the future.
Studies on the Preservation of Red Blood Cells
Authors: Szymanski Irma O. , Odgren Paul R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Utilizing an automated antiglobulin test, we have investigated the presence of the third and fourth components of human complement on normal red blood cells (RBCs). Only negligible amounts of the fourth component, C4, could be detected on either freshly collected or stored RBCs. The fragment C3d of the third component, C3, was detectable on both freshly collected and stored normal RBCs. A product derived from C3 and reacting with anti‐C3c antibody was only barely detectable on freshly collected normal RBCs. During storage of blood at 4°C, increasing quantities of this material were detected on the RBC membrane. Bromelin treatment rendered stored RBCs completely nonreactive with anti‐C3c antibody, whereas only partial loss of reactivity was observed following incubation with heated plasma. In contrast, incubation of EC43 with heated plasma completely abolished their ability to react with anti‐C3c antibody.We suggest that the presence of this C3 fragment on stored RBCs may contribute to the development of ‘preservation injury’.
Influence of Glycerol on ATP and 2,3–DPG Levels of Human Erythrocytes1
Authors: Moroff Gary , Meryman Harold T. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Glycerolization of freshly collected human erythrocytes leads to a reduction in ATP levels which return to their original values following deglycerolization. The reduction in ATP levels is largely prevented by pyruvate but not by inosine and glucose, singly or in combination. This implies that the ATP lesion associated with glycerolization reflects mainly a decrease in the NAD/NADH ratio and accordingly a reduced glyceraldehyde–3–phosphate dehydrogenase activity. 2,3–DPG levels were not influenced by glycerolization and deglycerolization.Erythrocytes depleted of ATP in the presence of glycerol can have their ATP levels repleted by either pyruvate or inosine, but require the presence of both compounds for maintenance during a post‐rejuvenation incubation period. This indicates that the prolonged presence of glycerol influences both the NAD/NADH ratio and the carbon‐containing intermediates of glycolysis. Glycerol did not influence ATP repletion of erythrocytes stored at 4°C for 20 days by inosine in combination with pyruvate, but substantially decreased the repletion of their 2,3–DPG levels.
Incompatibility in vitro and in vivo Demonstrated Only with Saline‐Suspended Red Cells
Authors: Davey Richard J. , O'Gara Catherine , McGinniss Mary H. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. An unusual IgG complement‐binding antibody was observed in a 64‐year‐old man prior to surgery. This antibody was detectable by the indirect antiglobulin test when the red cells were suspended in saline, but not when they were suspended in acid citrate dextrose or albumin solutions. Positive reactions were obtained with the patient's own red cells and with the cells of all donors tested.In vivo chromium survival studies showed that donor cells and patient cells, when suspended in saline, had 1‐hour survivals of 32 and 46%, respectively. In contrast, donor and patient cells suspended in ACD solution had 1‐hour survivals of 77 and 93%, respectively.We conclude that this phenomenon may cause accelerated destruction of saline‐suspended cells and should be suspected whenever in vitro incompatibility is noted only with red cells suspended in saline.
Detection of Penicillins in the Sera of ‘Healthy’ Blood Donors
Authors: Michel J. , Sharon R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. 10,853 sera, collected from ‘healthy’ blood donors during the period December 1977 to May 1979, were tested for the presence of penicillinase‐sensitive penicillins by a bio‐assay technique using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as test organism. Their presence could be demonstrated in 30 sera (0.27%), at concentrations equivalent to 0.2–4.0 μg/ml of penicillin G.The implications of these findings are discussed, particularly the possibility of their relationship to nonhemolytic adverse reactions to transfusion.
Nea, a New Blood Group Antigen in Finland
Authors: Sistonen P. , Nevanlinna H.R. , Virtaranta‐Knowles K. , Pirkola A. , Leikola J. , Kekomäki R. , Gavin June , Tippett Patricia 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A previously unrecognized blood group antigen is described. The antigen was shown to be different from many rare blood group antigens, to be inherited as an autosomal dominant character and not to be closely linked to the established blood group systems nor to several other polymorphic markers of blood. The antigen is well developed at birth. About 5% of Finns have this antigen. In contrast only 1 donor in 502 Swiss blood donors and 2 unrelated donors in 395 Swedish blood donors were found to be positive for the antigen.The antigen is provisionally called Nea and the respective antibody anti‐Nea. At least three Ne(a+) blood units were given to a patient on different occasions before anti‐Nea was detected in compatibility tests. Since the discovery of the first anti‐Nea, three additional examples of this antibody have been identified in serum from multitransfused patients. Anti‐Nea is capable of shortening the in vivo survival of transfused incompatible Ne(a+) cells.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Autoanti‐Ge
Authors: Reynolds Marilyn V. , Vengelen‐Tyler Virginia , Morel Phyllis A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe first reported example of autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to an autoanti‐Gerbich is described. The patient's red blood cells exhibited a strongly positive direct antiglobulin test with both IgG and complement antiglobulin reagents. The serum contained a potent antibody which produced agglutination of red blood cells as well as a positive indirect antiglobulin test. Treatment of the serum with 2‐mercaptoethanol demonstrated that the antibody contained both IgG and IgM components. The serum antibody and the antibody eluted from the patient's red blood cells had anti‐Gerbich specificity. The patient's cells typed as Gerbich‐positive with saline‐agglutinating anti‐Gerbich sera. Of great interest was the fact that the patient's mother also has acquired immune hemolytic anemia, but the IgG antibody in her serum and eluted from her red blood cells had anti‐pdl specificity.
Distribution of Human IgG Subclasses in Commercial Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparations: A Rate Nephelometric Method
Authors: Beck Oscar E. , Kaiser Paul E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe relative amount of human IgG subclasses and/or subclass‐specific determinants were measured in seven commercial i.v. immunoglobulin preparations and one human serum preparation ‐ Paul Ehrlich Institute Plasma Protein Reference No, 2. Quantification was done by means of subclass‐specific antisera and a human IgG subclass standard HOO‐02 using the recently established rate nephelometric method. The differences between the one human serum preparation and those of normal human serum are much smaller than those between the i.v. immunoglobulin preparations, being for IgG2 the greatest and for IgG3 the smallest. This does not come as a surprise because the various treatment processes used in the manufacture of i.v. immunoglobulin preparations are likely to result in loss and/or masking of the subclass‐specific determinants.Although little is known about the genetical ramifications which could arise through the use of i.v. immunoglobulin preparations in which there is variation in the subclass distribution, attention should be given to this subject as passive immunotherapy becomes more popular.
Characteristics of an Antibody Causing Agglutination of M‐Positive Non‐Enzymatically Glycosylated Human Red Cells
Authors: Reid M.E. , Ellisor S.S. , Barker J.M. , Lewish T. , Avoy D.R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn alloagglutinin was identified in the serum of an M‐negative diabetic patient. The agglutinin reacted with all commercial M‐positive red cell samples. Routine cross‐matches showed no incompatibility. This anti‐M would only agglutinate M‐positive red cell samples that had been incubated in 2% glucose for a minimum of 2 h at 37°C, 2 days at 22°C, or 1 week at 4°C. Reactive red cell samples, when washed and incubated in saline, gradually became non‐reactive. This antibody reacted optimally in low ionic strength solution at 16°C for 20 min where MM red cells were agglutinated to a titer of 256, score 85; and MN red cells were agglutinated to a titer of 128, score 66. The antibody was denatured by 2‐mercaptoethanol and was inhibited by a crude M tryptic isolate and by 2 % glucose, but not by other sugars prepared at a 2% concentration.
A Two‐step Procedure for the Purification of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)
Authors: Einarsson Monica , Kaplan Lennart , Pertofi Hikan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was purified by a simple, rapid, two‐step procedure comprising chromatography on dextran sulfate‐Sepharose 4B, followed by preparative rate zonal centrifugation on a sucrose gradient. A 230‐fold purification of HBsAg was achieved with a yield of about 80%.
Occurrence of the Release Reaction during Preparation and Storage of Platelet Concentrates
Authors: Snyder Edward L. , Hezzey Anne , Katz Alfed J. , Bock Jay 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo determine the degree of damage occurring during preparation and storage of platelet concentrates, the percent release of B‐thromboglobulin (BTG) and percent leakage of the cytosolic protein lactic dehydrogenase was determined sequentially from phlebotomy to the end of storage for 72 h at 20–24°C. The effect of storage temperature, pH, and radiation was also evaluated. The results showed that during preparation of platelet concentrate a large degree of release was found after resuspension of the platelet button formed after the high‐speed centrifugation. During storage the percent BTG release increased from 18.1 to 40.2% (p<0.05). The percent release seen during storage at 4°C (72 h) was 19.2%, while that seen for platelets subjected to temperature cycling at 4–37 °C was 24.9%. Both of these values were significantly less (p<0.05) than that seen for concentrates stored at room temperature. A negative correlation between pH and BTG release was found (r=‐0.64). Irradiation to 10,000 rad did not induce the release reaction or lactic dehydrogenase leakage. We conclude that the degree of in vitro platelet release is dependent on the preparative manipulations, and gentler protocols for preparation and storage of platelets should be investigated.
Plateletpheresis Experience with the Haemonetics Blood Processor 30, the IBM Blood Processor 2997, and the Fenwal CS‐3000 Blood Processor1,2
Authors: Kurtz S.R. , McMican A. , Carciero R. , Melaragno A. , Abdu W. , Katchis R. , Valeri C.R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractComparisons were made of the apheresis instruments Haemonetics Blood Processor 30, IBM Blood Processor 2997 and Fenwal CS‐3000, for collection of platelets from normal donors. With each instrument the mean recovery was at least 4times1011 platelets per procedure, and each instrument afforded a safe and reliable collection. The Haemonetics Blood Processor gave the lowest recovery of platelets per minute per procedure. The IBM Blood Processor 2997 required the longest time for set‐up and priming and processed 1.5 liters more donor blood per collection than the other instruments. The Fenwal CS‐3000, which is a computer‐controlled instrument, was the least time consuming. The donor suffered a significantly greater drop in platelet count after collection with the IBM Blood Processor 2997 (31%) than after collection with the other instruments (19%), and we were unable to account for this observation.
An Anti‐A Agglutinin Active only in the Presence of Borate
Authors: Strange C.A. , Cross J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn anti‐A agglutinin was found in the serum of a patient of blood group A1 rhesus positive. The unusual feature of this antibody was the need for the presence of borate ions before activity could be demonstrated. No association of the occurrence of the antibody with a clinical disease was found.
Detection of Platelet‐Bound and Serum Antibodies in Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia by Enzyme‐Linked Assay
Authors: Hegde U.M. , Bowes A. , Powell D.K. , Joyner M.V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPlatelet antibodies were looked for in 47 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia using a modification of the enzyme‐linked assay previously described. Surface‐bound antibodies measured as increased platelet‐associated IgG were found in 32 (68%) of the patients. After incubation in test sera, the platelet‐associated IgG of normal donor platelets was significantly increased in 27 of the 47 patients (57%), thus demonstrating the presence of platelet antibodies free in their sera. 6 patients had antibodies only in the serum without any elevation of their platelet‐associated IgG. When both tests are evaluated together no antibody was detected by either the direct or the indirect test in 9 of the 47 patients (19%) studied. The technique used is described and the interpretation of our results discussed.
Red Cell I Antigen as Immune Complex Receptor in Drug‐Induced Hemolytic Anemias
Authors: Duran‐Suarez J.R. , Martin‐Vega C. , Argelagues E. , Massuet L. , Ribera A. , Triginer J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA survey of the results of laboratory investigations in 6 cases of drug‐induced hemolytic anemia showed that in 5 of them adsorption of immune complexes to red cells only occurred when the I antigen was expressed in the erythrocyte membrane.
The Lud Cold Agglutinin: A Further Antibody Recognizing N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid‐Determined Antigens not Fully Expressed at Birth
Authors: Roelcke D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFrom a patient, a new type of human cold agglutinin, Lud, which reacts with a determinant involving N‐acetylneuraminic acid and which is not fully expressed at birth, is described. This antibody differs from a recently described cold agglutinin, Fl. The antigenic determinant recognized by antibody Lud is diminished after treatment of erythrocytes with proteases, whereas that recognized by Fl is not.
Fluorescent Bacterial Rosetting of Lymphocyte Subpopulations
Authors: Methodology I. , Niemetz A.H. , Mayr W.R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFluorochrome‐labelled bacteria were tested for their rosette‐forming properties with human lymphocytes in suspension. Acridine orange stained human buffy coat cells or isolated mononuclear cells are rosetted with tetramethyl‐rhodamine‐isothiocyanate (TRITC)‐labelled bacterial strains alone (mono‐bacterial rosetting test) or simultaneously with a TRITC‐labelled strain and a mutant or taxonomically different strain, labelled with fluoresceinisothiocyanate (double bacterial rosetting test [D‐BRT]). Suspensions are centrifuged, washed, finally counterstained with ethidium bromide and examined by fluorescence microscopy. The bacterial binding properties of B cells may be studied by using anti‐Ig pretreated mononuclear cells and TRITC bacteria (anti‐Ig/BRT). In this study the methodology for bacterial staining, mono‐, double‐ and anti‐Ig/BRT is given.Estimation of rosette‐forming cells is very accurate, easy and quick due to the bright fluorescence of the bacterial ‘beads’. Furthermore, broad applicability of the bacterial rosetting phenomenon to study lymphocyte heterogeneity is gained with the fluorescent assay system.
Fluorescent Bacterial Rosetting of Lymphocyte Subpopulations: II. Identification of Human Lymphocyte Subpopulations
Authors: Niemetz A.H. , Mayr W.R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn a previous study, fluorochrome‐labelled bacteria were found to be a very objective tool to investigate human lymphocyte heterogeneity with regard to bacterial rosette formation. The application of these assay systems (mono‐, double‐ and anti‐Ig/bacterial rosetting test) to identify lymphocyte subpopulations is given.
Incidence of Acetaminophen in Donated Blood
Authors: Sharon R. , Menczel J. , Kidroni G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAcetaminophen levels were determined in 1,176 sera separated from donated blood. The analysis was performed by both a colorimetric method and by high performance liquid chromatography. 6.12% of the samples contained acetaminophen levels ranging from 18 to 58 μg/ml. The possible clinical significance of such a high incidence of this drug among healthy blood donors is discussed.
Treatment by Plasma Exchange of a Patient with Hyperlipidemia and Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Lesional Pulmonary Edema and Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Gérard A. , Schooneman F. , Guine J.M. , Roche G. , Canton P. , Dureux J.B. , Janot C. , Streiff F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe authors report a case of severe hypertriglyceridemia (148.5 mmol/l) in a 27‐year‐old woman admitted for coma of unknown origin. Initial investigations revealed ketoacidosis, pancreatitis and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. The diabetes was unknown. Ketoacidosis was rapidly controlled. The hypertriglyceridemia was corrected by one course of plasma exchange (4,400 ml) during which the patient returned to consciousness. The patient recovered without any sequelae. Only 2 similar cases, treated by plasma exchange, have been reported in the literature until now.
Erythrocyte Autoantibodies, Autoimmune Haemolysis and Pregnancy
Authors: Sokol R.J. , Hewitt S. , Stamps Barbara K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe clinical and serological records of 20 pregnant patients with erythrocyte autoantibodies were critically reviewed and analysed. This series, the largest reported, confirmed an association between erythrocyte autosensitization and pregnancy, and suggested that this occurred on an average of 1 in 50,000 pregnancies. The clinical presentation varied from severe haemolytic anaemia to serological abnormalities discovered during the routine testing of well patients; overt haemolysis was present in 7 cases. Treatment was only necessary in 3 patients where the haemolysis was severe. 3 infants were mildly affected with haemolytic disease due to the maternal autoantibodies crossing the placenta but no treatment was needed. The risks to the infant were increased when other active autoimmune conditions (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus) were present. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the outlook for mother and child is good.