bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular mural thrombi secondary to acute myocardial infarction: Predisposing factors and embolic phenomenon
Authors: Arvan Stephen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐five patients with acute myocardial infarction were examined for ventricular thrombi using two‐dimensional echocardiography. Six of 10 patients (60%) with an anterior wall infarction had an apical or apical‐septal thrombus within the first week of hospitalization. None of the fifteen patients with an inferior wall myocardial infarction had a mural thrombus. Although the size of infarction in the patients with a thrombus was not significantly larger than in those who had an anterior wall infarction without a thrombus (43% ± 10% vs. 31% ± 7%, P < 0.1), the severity and extent of dyskinesia or akinesia were more marked in the former group. Left ventricular function as determined by the nuclear blood pool scan ejection fraction was also significantly less for the former group than for the latter group (21% ± 6% vs. 40% ± 11%, P < 0.02). Three of six patients with an intracavitary thrombus on echocardiography had systemic emboli during their hospital course. Postinfarction ventricular thrombi tend to occur in those patients with an anterior wall myocardial infarction who have far advanced wall motion abnormalities of the affected area, and overall poor left ventricular function. Although the number of patients was small, the high incidence of systemic embolizaton in the infarction subjects with echocardiographically proven thrombi indicates that these patients are at increased risk for such events.
Ureteral ejaculation of urine visualized by ultrasound
Authors: Elejalde B. Rafael , de Elejalde Maria Mercedes 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article describes an ultrasonographic noninvasive method for the visualization of the ureteral ejaculation of urine into the bladder and its use in 99 normal women and in one affected by a previously unsuspected bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter.
Clinical and hemodynamic correlation in patients with pericardial effusion and swinging heart by echocardiography
Authors: Rosoff Maxine , Cohen Michael V. , Grose Richard , Greenberg Mark A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical and hemodynamic findings in 13 consecutive patients with “winging heart” on M‐mode echocardiography were analyzed. In these patients the anterior right ventricular and posterior left ventricular walls and interventricular septum moved almost parallel to each other throughout the cardiac cycle, often with exaggerated excursion. In 10 of 13 patients right heart catheterization revealed the hemodynamic profile of cardiac tamponade, while one additional patient was found to have evidence of cardiac compression at the time of surgery. In the remaining two patients no acute invasive diagnostic procedures were performed. During the same observation period cardiac tamponade was observed in five patients without echocardiographic evidence of a swinging heart, and four of these had large clots in the pericardial space. Thus, the swinging heart pattern appears to be a reliable marker of cardiac tamponade, except in those patients with intrapericardial lesions which mechanically limit cardiac motion.
Sonographic Patterns of the Gallbladder in Acute Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Maresca Giulia , De Gaetano Anna Maria , Mirk Paola , Colagrande Corrado , Cauda Roberto , Federico Giovanni 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound was used for a serial evaluation of gallbladder modifications in 61 patients with acute viral hepatitis during both the acute phase of the illness and recovery. Most of the patients studied within 7 days from the onset of symptoms and/or jaundice showed sonographic abnormalities of the gallbladder (increased wall thickness, reduced volume, abnormal bile content). A normal ultrasound pattern of the gallbladder was progressively restored during the clinical recovery in most of the patients. A statistical correlation was found between the gallbladder wall thickness and the alanine transferase index.
Efficacy of CW‐Doppler and Duplex System Examinations for the Evaluation of Extracranial Carotid Disease
Authors: Hennerici Michael , Freund Hans‐Joachim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe efficacy of different ultrasound methods for the detection of extracranial arterial disease (E AD) was evaluated on the basis of the comparison with angiography. High‐resolution B‐scan imaging combined with a multigated pulsed Doppler flow pattern analysis (Duplex system) achieved the best results for the detection of morphological and hemodynamic changes of nonstenotic lesions and low grade stenosis. However, a technically unsatisfactory examination rate of 19%, the failure to differentiate between total and subtotal carotid occlusions, underestimation of significant stenosis and impracticable vertebral flow studies were disadvantages of the Duplex technique. CW‐Doppler examinations proved to be more precise and more reliable for the detection of significant stenosis and occlusions. Since vertebral blood flow studies were impractical with the Duplex system, CW‐Doppler provides more comprehensive information about the hemodynamics of cerebral blood supply.
Real‐Time ultrasound of normal adrenal glands and small tumors
Authors: Günther Rolf W. , Kelbel Clemens , Lenner Volker 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe adrenals were studied prospectively with real‐time ultrasound in a series of 60 healthy individuals and 13 patients with small adrenal masses sized 8‐20 mm in diameter. In only one of the 60 healthy subjects was a normal adrenal gland delineated as a distinct hypoechoic structure. In all other instances only the highly echogenic suprarenal fat could be displayed. Visualization of small tumors was successful in 12 of 13 patients. The suprarenal area and small lesions were best demonstrated by a lateral intercostal approach using longitudinal and transverse scanning planes. The best access was through the 9th/10th intercostal space at the junction with the anterior and middle axillary lines on the right and the posterior axillary line on the left. Indexing Words: Adrenal gland · Ultrasound.
Ultrasonic patterns of parotid masses
Authors: Ballerini Giovanni , Mantero Maria , Sbrocca Michele 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to define sonographic patterns of expanding parotid lesions. Over a 2‐year period, 39 parotid gland masses were examined. Grayscale sonography with a static scanner using high frequency transducers (5 and 7.5 MHz) provided refined visualization of the normal structure of the gland and the space‐occupying mass. There are different sonographic patterns for different types of mass. Lesion malignancy should always be suspected when there is a clearly echogenic mass, especially one with an irregular distribution of the echoes, posterior attenuation, and rough margins (these sonographic features are of no value for lymphomas). All benign lesions have regular margins and are sonolucent at normal gain settings. It is possible to obtain a characteristic sonographic pattern for each specific benign lesion by varying the gain.
Use of Ultrasonic Fetal Head Circumference for Predicting Expected Date of Confinement
Authors: Ott William J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn ultrasonic fetal head circumference curve was developed from a group of 1278 ultrasound examinations in 710 normal obstetrical patients. These data were then used to compare the accuracy of head circumference (HC) to last menstrual period (LMP) and biparietal diameter (BPD) for the prediction of an accurate expected date of confinement (EDC) and, thereby calculate gestational age. The mean error of the signed differences (2 standard deviation) for HC was ‐0.8 2 ± 11.1 days, which was statistically different from the mean error of ‐6.1 ± 10.6 days for BPD and ‐2.8 ± 17.8 days for LMP. HC may have an advantage over BPD in situations where head shape (cephalic index) is significantly altered. Indexing Words: Head circumference Biparietal diameter · Occipital frontal diameter · Expected date of confinement.
Ultrasonography and CT of abdominal and inguinal hernias
Authors: Yeh Hsu‐Chong , Lehr‐Janus Cynthia , Cohen Burton A. , Rabinowitz Jack G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐two patients with various abdominal wall hernias and five patients with inguinal hernias were studied with ultrasonography. Thirteen patients were studied by CT. Although hernias are usually apparent on physical examination, difficulty in diagnosis may be encountered in some patients. Ultrasonography and CT are not only capable of diagnosing hernia in such instances, they are also helpful in the clinical management of the patients by demonstrating the precise location and extent of the muscular defect. However, the hernia may simulate a mass or cyst in the ultrasonograph and CT scan and one should carefully demonstrate intraperitoneal communication through a muscular defect or a herniated bowl loop within the hernia in order to avoid misdiagnosis. Pseudohernias due to localized thinning or thickening of the rectus muscle were also observed in five patients.
Ultrasonographic Differentiation of Cervical Abortion from Cervical Pregnancy
Authors: Vae Wenzel , Suresh Pachagiri L. , Tang‐Barton Premeri , Salimi Zarrin , Carlin Beatrice 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbstract: Cervical abortion is a spontaneous abortion of a normal intrauterine pregnancy into the cervical canal where the abortus is retained by a closed external 08, causing distention of the cervical canal. This entity closely simulates ectopic cervical pregnancy clinically. The ultrasonic findings in four patients with cervical abortion are described and these could alert the physician to the possibility of this condition.
On the Aliasing Problem in Pulsed Doppler Cardiac Studies
Authors: Bom Klaas , De Boo Job , Rijsterborgh Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbstract: In pulsed Doppler echocardiography the maximum measurable velocity is limited due to the aliasing phenomenon. Particularly in cardiac echo studies in adults, aliasing may occur frequently. The principle of and the parameters that influence aliasing will be explained. The importance of aliasing is demonstrated in examples of tricuspid, mitral, and aortic Doppler echocardiographic studies in adults. Ways to reduce or avoid aliasing are presented. Indexing Words: Doppler echocardiography Aliasing · Zero shift · Extended range · Secondary sample volumes.
Diagnostic accuracy of computerized B‐scan texture analysis and conventional ultrasonography in diffuse parenchymal and malignant liver disease
Authors: Raeth Ulrich , Schlaps Dieter , Limberg Bernd , Zuna Ivan , Lorenz Adolf , Van Kaick Gerhard , Lorenz Walter Josef , Kommerell Bernhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe use of a diagnostic system for ultrasonic liver tissue characterization based on computerized B‐mode image analysis is clinically tested and compared with the results of conventional realtime and static grey scale liver ultrasound as independently assessed by three experienced observers. The diagnostic classes, normal, diffuse parenchymal and malignant disease, are clearly differentiated by computerized image analysis which is superior to subjective evaluation of liver echograms. Computerized analysis also renders a reliable and clinically useful diagnostic subclassification of diffuse parenchymal disease into echopattern changes prevalent in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosislfibrosis, fatty infiltration and a mixed state of cirrhosislfibrosis with fatty infiltration which cannot be achieved by conventional liver ultrasound.
Clinical consequences after ultrasonic diagnosis of intrauterine hernatoma in threatened abortion
Authors: Jouppila Pentti 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonic examination in 33 cases with threatened abortion at 8 to 17 weeks of pregnancy revealed an echo‐free crescent area between the fetal membranes and uterine wall regarded as an intrauterine hematoma. A living fetus was simultaneously detected in all patients. The duration of uterine bleeding (mean 28.8 ± 19.1 days) was significantly correlated (P <0.01) with the existence of the intrauterine blood collection followed serially by ultrasound, The pregnancy ended in spontaneous abortion in six (18.7%) and in premature delivery in three (9.4%) cases. The estimated volume of hematoma did not correlate with the outcome of pregnancy.
Recognition of fetal arrhythmias by echocardiography
Authors: Silverman Norman H. , Enderlein Marlene A. , Stanger Paul , Teitel David F. , Heymann Michael A. , Golbus Mitchell S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFetal arrhythmias were detected in 33/198 high risk pregnancies from 21 weeks to term. Using the two‐dimensional echocardiographic image of the fetal heart as a guide, the M‐mode beam was directed to define the motion of the ventricular and atrial walls and atrioventricular valve or semilunar valves. Atrial contraction was defined either by the atrial wall motion or from the A‐point of the atrioventricular valve. Ventricular contraction was defined by closure of the atrioventricular valve (C‐point), the onset of ventricular wall contraction, or from the semilunar valve opening. Ladder diagrams of the sequence of atrial and ventricular activation were constructed to define the temporal sequence of these events. Premature atrial contractions were present in 12. In one fetus this arrhythmia converted into supraventricular tachycardia while in the other 11 fetuses the course was benign. Two fetuses had premature ventricular contractions. Supraventricular tachycardia was noted in five fetuses. One with hydrops at 29 weeks returned to sinus rhythm following maternal administration of procainamide. A second hydropic fetus with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia and hydrops failed to respond to digitalis, propranolol, procainamide, verapamil, or amiodarone, and died shortly after cesarean section. Two mature fetuses had tachycardia close to term and were treated after cesarean section. One fetus with runs of atrial tachycardia died in utero. Three fetuses had complete heart block, two of whom were from mothers with connective tissue diseases. In four fetuses, there was bradycardia of less than 1001 minute lasting more than 30 seconds, but these episodes disappeared in 2 minutes. One fetus with fetal hydrops and bradycardia died. The fourth, with a complex arrhythmia and a basic rate of 80lminute, 2:1 atrioventricular block, premature ventricular contractions, and severe structural heart disease died after delivery.
Treatment of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Kleinman Charles S. , Copel Joshua A. , Weinstein Ellen M. , Santulli Thomas V. , Hobbins John C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSupraventricular tachyarrhythmia has been encountered in 18 fetuses at the Yale‐New Haven Medical Center during the past 4 years. Fourteen of these fetuses had supraventricular tachycardia and underwent in utero antiarrhythmic therapy with maternally administered digoxin either alone, or on combination with verapamil, propranolol, or procainamide. Thirteen of the 14 fetuses had successful in utero conversion of cardiac rhythm to normal sinus rhythm. The 14th patient underwent successful therapy after birth. All 14 fetuses survived despite severe fetal hydrops at the time of diagnosis in 13 of 14. The four remaining fetuses had either atrial flutter (3) or fibrillation. Two of the fetuses with atrial flutter died at birth, the 3rd survived after electrical cardioversion at birth. The fetus with atrial fibrillation converted to normal sinus rhythm and survived after maternal administration of digoxin. Using M‐mode and pulsed Doppler echocardiography, the nature and electrophysiologic mechanism of the arrhythmia may be deduced. The latter information is reviewed along with the fetomaternal pharmacology of various antiarrhythmic agents to devise a rational antiarrhythmic treatment program.
A sonographic study of fetal cystic hygromas
Authors: Chervenak Frank A. , Isaacson Glenn , Tortora Marge 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFetal cystic hygromas are fluid filled sacs of lymphatic origin occurring in the posterolateral neck. Based on an experience with 15 of these hygromas diagnosed antenatally, the various sonograhic appearances are illustrated and differential diagnostic features are discussed. A midline septum or hydrops may serve as diagnostic clues. The sonographic and anatomic features of a hygroma are correlated using a gelatin embedding technique.
Duplex scanning with continuous wave doppler for carotid disease
Authors: Rush Michael , Thomas Martin , Zyroff Jack , McNally David , Rossman Mary , Duren Shirley , Otis Shirley 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuplex scanning with the use of continuous wave Doppler instrumentation was used for the evaluation of carotid disease and compared to angiography. In twenty such patients 100% accuracy for diagnosis of total occlusion by Duplex scanning with continuous wave Doppler, was obtained. The sensitivity for those patients with 50%–99% stenosis was 92% and for those patients with 20%–49% stenosis was 75%. The overall accuracy for this diagnostic test for all groups of stenosis was 85%. This compares favorably with other noninvasive vascular techniques and is felt to be an accurate and useful technique for the detection of carotid stenosis. Several advantages of this technique are pointed out.
Diagnosis of hydatid cyst by percutaneous aspiration: Value of electrolyte determinations
Authors: Livraghi Tito , Bosoni Angela , Giordano Ferdinando , Lai Nicola , Vettori Claudio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study was made of the fluid from 11 hydatid cysts (10 hepatic, one renal) and from 50 nonparasitic cysts (25 renal, 10 ovarian, 10 pancreatic and five hepatic). Our analysis indicated that the chloride (range 62–95 mEq/liter), the sodium (range 125–139 mEq/liter) and the potassium content (range 5.1–7.5 mEq/liter) of the former differed significantly (p < 0.01) from those of the controls. Hydatid cysts may be indistinguishable from others with both CT and ultrasound and therefore the electrolyte data are of diagnostic value when a hydatid cyst is accidentally punctured percutaneously.
Geometric modeling of the carotid bifurcation in humans: Implications in ultrasonic doppler and radiologic investigations
Authors: Forster Fred K. , Chikos Paul M. , Frazier James S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA geometric representation of the carotid bifurcation is presented with data obtained from biplane angiograms of normal branches and branches exhibiting less than 5% vessel diameter reduction. Three features are identified that are of importance in the interpretation of ultrasonic Doppler velocity information and in the design of engineering flow models for evaluation of carotid branch hemodynamics: the variability of the bifurcation angles, the degree of tortuosity, and the nonplanar nature of the branches. In addition, data collected demonstrate the potential usefulness of the common carotid artery as a reference diameter in evaluating stenosis of the carotid bulb.Research supported by NIH grants HL26706 and HL20898.
Ultrasound estimation of myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer by intrauterine radial scanning
Authors: Obata Akinori , Akamatsu Nobuo , Sekiba Kaoru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer was estimated by using intrauterine radial‐scan ultrasonography and classified into the following four groups: no myometrial invasion, superficial invasion (below one‐third), moderate invasion (above one‐third but below two‐thirds), and deep invasion (above two‐thirds). The myometrial invasions were further examined histologically on the removed uterus. In 26 of 32 cases (81.3%), estimations by intrauterine radial scans agreed with the histologic assessment. In each of the remaining six cases, estimations by radial scans were lower than those by histologic examination.
Clinical efficacy of screening the entire abdomen during real‐time ultrasound examination
Authors: Fields Scott I. , Calvert‐Hill Margaret A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUnsuspected abnormalities are occasionally detected during real‐time ultrasound examinations. To determine the frequency of these findings during standard, routine real‐time abdominal survey, the records of 500 consecutive examinations were reviewed. We found that a significant number of important occult abnormalities were detected. The influence of the abdominal survey on clinical management and improved radiologic consultation is discussed.
Efficacy of sonography as a screening method in renal insufficiency
Authors: Chang Victoria H. , Cunningham Jerome J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonographic records of 239 patients with unexplained renal insufficiency were reviewed to determine the efficacy of renal ultrasonography as a screening examination. Ninety‐five (40%) examinations were normal; 24 (10%) examinations showed no renal lesion, but some important incidental finding was discovered; 120 (50%) examinations showed a renal abnormality, including 24 (10%) that showed bilateral urinary tract obstruction. The discovery of bilateral urinary tract obstruction was of particular importance and, in the majority of cases (16/24), led to some type of definitive interventional procedure. Sonography in patients with renal insufficiency, whether normal or abnormal, provides useful information to the practicing physician with a potentially significant impact on the patient's clinical course.
Acoustic intensity histogram pattern diagnosis of liver diseases
Authors: Itoh Kouichi , Yasuda Yoshikazu , Aihara Toshinori , Koyano Akira , Konishi Tatuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDisplay information on the histogram pattern includes echo intensity and echo frequency in the region of interest (ROI). The level and frequency of the center of gravity and the width of the echo level at 0%, 10%, and 50% of normalized frequency are calculated from the histogram. The width of the echo from the liver is significantly elongated on the X axis (P < 0.001) but that of the center of gravity is not. Fatty liver shows the same attenuation rate curve as normal liver, although echo intensity is greatly increased. The curve of the attenuation rate derived from the histogram can be used to distinguish between liver cirrhosis and the tissue of normal or fatty liver. This study clearly demonstrates the clinical usefulness of the histogram as a diagnostic tool.
Contractility of maternal and fetal gallbladder: An ultrasonic study
Authors: Jouppila Pentti , Heikkinen Jorma , Kirkinen Pertti 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe volumes of the maternal and fetal gallbladder were examined by ultrasound in a fasting condition during the last trimester of pregnancy in 25 cases and then monitored for 180 min after a standard peroral test meal or glucose administration. The ratio of maternal to fetal gallbladder fasting volumes corresponded to the ratio of the weights. A significant decrease in maternal gallbladder size was observed at 30, 60, and 120 min in both groups, but the changes in the volume of the fetal gallbladder were not significant. This latter observation points toward a resting condition and passive role for the gallbladder in the antenatal gastrointestinal physiology of the fetus.