bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Fault Diagnosis Based on Stochastic Tests
Authors: Poulsen Niels , Niemann Henrik 
Published: January 2009

Active Fault Diagnosis Based on Stochastic TestsThe focus of this paper is on stochastic change detection applied in connection with active fault diagnosis (AFD). An auxiliary input signal is applied in AFD. This signal injection in the system will in general allow us to obtain a fast change detection/isolation by considering the output or an error output from the system. The classical cumulative sum (CUSUM) test will be modified with respect to the AFD approach applied. The CUSUM method will be altered such that it will be able to detect a change in the signature from the auxiliary input signal in an (error) output signal. It will be shown how it is possible to apply both the gain and the phase change of the output signal in CUSUM tests. The method is demonstrated using an example.
A Method for Sensor Placement Taking into Account Diagnosability Criteria
Authors: Yassine Abed , Ploix Stéphane , Flaus Jean-Marie 
Published: January 2009

A Method for Sensor Placement Taking into Account Diagnosability CriteriaThis paper presents a new approach to sensor placement based on diagnosability criteria. It is based on the study of structural matrices. Properties of structural matrices regarding detectability, discriminability and diagnosability are established in order to be used by sensor placement methods. The proposed approach manages any number of constraints modelled by linear or nonlinear equations and it does not require the design of analytical redundancy relations. Assuming that a constraint models a component and that the cost of the measurement of each variable is defined, a method determining sensor placements satisfying diagnosability specifications, where all the diagnosable, discriminable and detectable constraint sets are specified, is proposed. An application example dealing with a dynamical linear system is presented.
Helminths of the lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus) from the Gulf of Gdańsk and Vistula Lagoon (Poland)
Authors: Rolbiecki Leszek , Rokicki Jerzy 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus, 1758) is a marine fish inhabiting shallow coastal areas of North Atlantic. In 1996-2006, 224 lumpsucker individuals caught in the Gulf of Gdańsk and Vistula Lagoon (Poland) were examined for metazoan parasites. The fish were found to support the cestode Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779), the nematodes Contracaecum osculatum (Rudolphi, 1802) L3, Dichelyne minutus (Rudolphi, 1819), and Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) L3, L4, ad. as well as the acanthocephalans Corynosoma strumosum (Rudolphi, 1802) cyst., Echinorhynchus gadi Zoega in Müller, 1776, and Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller, 1776). The total (both areas) prevalence of parasites was 63.4% at a mean intensity of 2.1 inds. In the Gulf of Gdańsk, 66.3% of all the lumpsucker examined were infected (intensity 2 inds), the level of infection in the Vistula Lagoon being 46.5% of the fish (intensity 2.3 inds). The Gulf of Gdańsk lumpsucker supported all the parasitic species listed, while 4 species only (E. crassum, H. aduncum, E. gadi, and P. laevis) were recorded in the Vistula Lagoon. The dominant parasites were H. aduncum (43.3%, 2.1 inds) and E. gadi (21.0%, 1.2 inds). All the parasitic species, except C. strumosum, are being reported from the southern Baltic lumpsucker for the first time.
Pseudo-Concrete Ideals of a Good Life
Authors: Mistrík Erich 
Published: January 2009

Pseudo-Concrete Ideals of a Good Life
What has happened in the late and concluding stages of postmodern culture is that concrete ideas of a good life have been reduced to pseudo-concrete ideals. With the aid of simulacra, the experience of everyday life is turning into a show, into narcissistic emptiness and single bodily pleasures.
The Good Life and the Ideal of Flexibility
Authors: Šulavíková Blanka 
Published: January 2009

The Good Life and the Ideal of Flexibility
The author focuses on the issue of the "good life" in relation to a strong ideal of flexibility that operates in contemporary western culture. The era we live in may be called a "continuous stream of innovations" and can be characterized by a fundamental requirement "to adapt flexibly and cope with the new". The need for such flexibility is mentally and physically demanding; the demands also mark the approach to values, the ideas of the good life and the project of the paths in life. Contemporary people in western civilization are exposed to the pressure of modern culture that has caused problems in the past decades as a result of the incompatibility of its fragmentary value systems. People today apply their abilities in a never-ending whirl of activities and effort where there is no more space available for becoming aware of and for perceiving the deeper meaning of and formulating their specific ideal of the good life.
Body Dissatisfaction
Authors: Sejčová L'Uboslava 
Published: January 2009

Body Dissatisfaction
The author concentrates on the preference of the values of "the cult of the body" increasingly affecting the behaviour of young people and their position in the value system relating to generally recognized values. Too much emphasis on physical beauty and outward appearance significantly determines behaviour and can lead to a reduction in values relating to the body and body shape but also to unhealthy eating disorders such as bulimia or anorexia nervosa. The focus is on the pathological perception of the body, on how culture and cultural norms affect body dissatisfaction. A research questionnaire on universal values and the cult of the body (2006) was used. The research sample consisted of 508 respondents aged between 18 and 26 (292 women and 216 men).
Funeral Orations as Indicators of what a Good Life Ought to Be
Authors: Maduka Chukwugozie 
Published: January 2009

Funeral Orations as Indicators of what a Good Life Ought to Be
The central aim of this study was to uncover, based on funeral orations, what the Igbo of South-East Nigeria regard as the good life. Over two hundred and fifty funeral orations/tributes were investigated. These were classified into: tributes by spouses; by offspring; by close family members; by friends, associates and organizations. The study revealed that the notion of the good life among the Igbo was based on primary duties and obligations at each of the four levels identified above and on related secondary duties and obligations. The good life was measured by the extent to which these duties and obligations were discharged and in the way their performance manifested in the provision of social amenities, help to educate members of the community and so on. What would ordinarily be regarded as virtues were considered desirable only in so far as they helped people fulfill their primary and secondary obligations, otherwise they were regarded as sterile or "bottled" virtues.
Seeking a Mnemonic Turn: Interior Reflections in Gadamer's Post-Platonic Thought
Authors: Sims Jeffrey 
Published: January 2009

Seeking a Mnemonic Turn: Interior Reflections in Gadamer's Post-Platonic Thought
This paper reflects on trajectories and pathways for philosophical hermeneutics, now, after the death of its founder, Hans-Georg Gadamer in 2002. More specifically, it challenges the notion that Gadamer's thought is simply tied to the linguistic turn of the 20th century. Instead, it considers the possibility that Gadamer's thinking makes for an implicit declaration of its own kind, calling for a mnemonic turn in modern philosophy and present day hermeneutics. Some reference will be made to both rationalist and empiricist models of inquiry insofar as Gadamer attempts to take philosophy beyond, for example, the Ur-grammar of Chomsky's linguistic theories, and into a world of post-Platonic memory.
Changes in Glucose, Fructose and Sucrose Contents in Storage Roots of Asparagus During Vegetation Period
Authors: Gąsecka Monika , Stachowiak Jerzy , Krzesiński Włodzimierz , Knaflewski Mikołaj , Goliński Piotr 
Published: January 2009

Changes in Glucose, Fructose and Sucrose Contents in Storage Roots of Asparagus During Vegetation Period
The objective of the field experiment conducted during 2000-2002 was to determine changes in glucose, fructose and sucrose contents in storage roots of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) cv. ‘Thielim’ during vegetation period. The aim of the study was also to estimate the correlation between yield and the content of carbohydrates. Sum of glucose, fructose and sucrose contents (GFS) and sucrose contents in storage roots of asparagus decreased at the beginning and increased at the end of harvest. Generally glucose and fructose for carbohydrate contents increased, while that of sucrose decreased. A possitive correlation was observed for sucrose and GFS between asparagus spears and storage roots (r=0.821 and r=0.641, respectively). A negative correlation between the yield of spears and glucose, sucrose and GFS contents in storage roots was found (r=0.595, r=0.624, r=0.794, respectively). Positive correlations were found between total yield during harvest and year of cropping, average GFS content in storage roots during harvest, sum of radiation during harvest, while negative correlation between total yield and sum of average daily air temperature during harvest was found.
Dietary Fibre Content and its Fractional Composition in Cabbage as Affected by Cultivar Earliness and Sauerkraut Storage Period
Authors: Elkner Krystyna , Kosson Ryszard 
Published: January 2009

Dietary Fibre Content and its Fractional Composition in Cabbage as Affected by Cultivar Earliness and Sauerkraut Storage Period
The aim of the study was to determine the dietary fibre content and its fractional composition in white head cabbage cultivars of different maturity earliness and also in fermented cabbage (sauerkraut) after several months of storage, as well as the level of fibre and its composition in sauerkraut in relation to the method of fermentation.
It was found that there were significant differences in fibre content and its fractions composition among the white cabbage cultivars studied. The early cultivar Tekila F1, had a lower total fibre content and smaller cellulose and pectin fractions than the later-maturing cultivars, Tolerator F1 and Agresor F1. The fermented cabbage, as compared with the raw material, contained a significantly larger cellulose fraction, a significantly reduced pectin fraction, slightly reduced amounts of hemicelluloses, and a similar amount of lignin. There was no obvious effect of inoculating cabbage with starter cultures containing strains of Lactobacillus plantarum on the level of fibre and its fractions in the resulting sauerkraut in comparison with the traditionally fermented cabbage. Water-absorbing capacity of cabbage fibre depended on the cultivar, the length of sauerkraut storage period and fermentation method. The fibre of the early cabbage variety had a significantly lower water-binding capacity than the fibre of the later-maturing cultivars. Rehydration capacity of dried sauerkraut increased for up to 30 days from the end of fermentation, with longer storage period having no longer any effect on the levels of water absorption. Water-holding capacity of the fibre in the sauerkraut produced with the addition of a starter culture was lower than that of the fibre of the traditionally fermented cabbage over the entire storage period of the fermented sauerkraut samples.
Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication Updated October 2007
Authors: ICMJE The 
Published: January 2009

Bangladesh Society of Physiologist (BSP) publishing this Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication - Updated October 2007 as a special article on good faith; as the ICMJE welcomes any organizations to reprint this document for non-profit educational purposes only. DOI:10.3329/jbsp.v2i0.987 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2007 Dec;(2): 60-88.
Formulation Development and <i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of Metformin Hydrochloride Matrix Tablets Based on Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose
Authors: Kabir Abul Kalam Lutful , Jeseem Tasbira , Jahangir Rumana , Rahman DM Mizanur , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur 
Published: January 2009

An attempt was to formulate the oral sustained release Metformin hydrochloride matrix tablets by using hydroxyl methyl cellulose polymer (HPMC) as rate controlling factor and to evaluate drug release parameters as per various release kinetic models. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, compressibility index, total porosity, drug content etc. and showed satisfactory results. The tablets were subjected to thickness, weight variation test, drug content, hardness, friability and in vitro release studies. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out for 8 hours using United States Pharmacopoeia USP 2 (paddle-type dissolution apparatus) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as dissolution media. All the tablet formulations showed acceptable pharmacotechnical properties and complied with pharmacopoeial specifications. The release mechanisms were explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer and Hixson-Crowell equations. The results indicated that a decrease in release kinetics of the drug was observed by increasing the polymer concentration. Kinetic modeling of in vitro dissolution profiles revealed the drug release mechanism ranges from diffusion controlled or Fickian transport to anomalous type or non-Fickian transport, which was only dependent on the type and amount of polymer used. The drug release followed both diffusion and erosion mechanism in all cases. Besides, this study explored both of the optimum concentration and the effect of polymer on drug release pattern from the tablet matrix for 8 hours period. Key Words: Metformin HCl, Sustained release, Hydrophilic matrix, HPMC, Direct compression Â doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1808 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 51-56
Events that have become central to identity: Gender differences in the centrality of events scale for positive and negative events
Authors: Boals Adriel 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPast research has demonstrated that the extent to which a negative event has become central to one's identity using the centrality of events scale (CES) is associated with depression, dissociation and PTSD symptoms. The combined results from two studies that collectively examined nominated negative and positive personal events and the 2004 Presidential election found that females are more likely than males to construct a negative event as central to their identity. In addition, higher CES scores for a negative event were associated with higher ratings of vividness, emotional intensity, visceral emotional reactions, depression, dissociation, PTSD symptoms and worse physical health outcomes. In contrast, CES scores for positive events were not related to the measures of mental or physical health, although this finding was ambiguous in Study 2. The tendency for females to construct a negative event as central to their identity may help explain gender differences in mental health outcomes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of a cell sheet–polymer film complex with temperature sensitivity for increased mechanical strength and cell alignment capability
Authors: Fujita Hideaki , Shimizu Kazunori , Nagamori Eiji 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have succeeded in fabricating a cell sheet–polymer film complex involving a temperature‐sensitive polymer that has enough mechanical strength that can be manipulated even by forceps. The polymer film can be removed by lowering the temperature after transplantation, demonstrating its potential use in regenerative medicine. Recently, tissue engineering involving cell sheets was developed, tissues being fabricated by layering of these cell sheets. This technique promises high density cell packing, which is important for native cell functions, and successful heart therapy using cardiac cell sheets has been reported. On the other hand, the fabrication of a large tissue using cell sheets is difficult because of fragility of the cell sheets. Here, we have developed a novel method in which cells are attached to a temperature‐sensitive poly‐N‐isopropylacrylamide film mixed with laminin and collagen IV, and report that the cell sheet–polymer film complex can be manipulated with forceps. A cell sheet can be removed from the polymer film by lowering the temperature after the manipulation. We have utilized this technique for the primary myocardium and fabricated a physiologically active multi‐layered cardiac cell sheet. By applying a micropattern to this polymer film, we have succeeded in making a skeletal muscle cell sheet in which myotubes are oriented in the desired direction. Overall, we showed that this method is useful for cell sheet manipulation, morphogenesis, and transplantation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 370–377. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of benzodiazpines and related drugs amongst older people in Sweden: Associated factors and concomitant use of other psychotropics
Authors: Johnell Kristina , Fastbom Johan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the factors associated with use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine related drugs (BZDs/BZDRDs) in a nationwide population of older people.MethodsWe analyzed data on age, sex, type of residential area (urban/rural), and dispensed drugs for people aged ≥ 75 years registered in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register from October to December 2005 (n = 731 105; corresponds to 91% of the domain population). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used for analyzing whether age, sex, type of residential area, number of other drugs, and concomitant psychotropic drug use was associated with use of BZDs/BZDRDs.Results≥1 BZDs/BZDRDs and ≥2 BZDs/BZDRDs were used by 25% and 5% of the study population, respectively. The most commonly used BZDs/BZDRDs were zopiclone, zolpidem, oxazepam, flunitrazepam, and diazepam. The probability of use BZDs/BZDRDs increased with age, female gender, living in an urban area, use of many other drugs, and concomitant use of other psychotropics, particularly antidepressants. In the comparisons of different BZDs/BZDRDs (n = 179 632), the medium‐acting BZDs were associated with higher age, female gender, and use of other psychotropics, whereas BZDRDs showed the opposite pattern. Also, the two BZDRDs zopiclone and zolpidem showed different patterns regarding age, sex, and use of other drugs.ConclusionsOne in four of the elderly used one or more BZD/BZDRD, which should be prescribed cautiously and with the recognition of the potentially negative effects. There were differences in patterns of use for different BZDs/BZDRDs, even within the same drug class. Hence, large study populations are needed for future research of individual BZDs/BZDRDs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parkinson's disease and suicide: a profile of suicide victims with Parkinson's disease in a population‐based study during the years 1988–2002 in Northern Finland
Authors: Mainio Arja , Karvonen Kaisa , Hakko Helinä , Särkioja Terttu , Räsänen Pirkko 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveWe studied the prevalence of hospital‐treated Parkinson's disease (PD) among suicide victims and the profile of these persons, taking into account suicide attempts, timing of depression and comorbid somatic diseases.MethodsThe database of this study consisted of suicide victims aged 50 years of age or older (n = 555) during a fourteen‐year period in the province of Oulu in Northern Finland.ResultsHospital‐treated Parkinson's disease occurred in 1.6% of the subjects, indicating a rather low prevalence of suicide in this group of patients. The persons with PD had attempted suicide earlier in 44% of the cases, while the corresponding percentage for other victims in older age was 9.9% (p = 0.009 Fischer exact test).ConclusionsBased on the case characteristics of our study the profile of PD person who completed suicide was as follows: male subject with recently diagnosed disease, living in rural area, having multiple physical illnesses, and having attempted suicide earlier. Psychiatric consultation is thus highly recommended for the PD patients with this disease profile. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lyophilisation improves the extraction of PCR‐quality community DNA from pig faecal samples
Authors: Ruiz Raquel , Rubio Luis A 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Faeces are increasingly used as sources of DNA for genetic and ecological studies. Although multiple methods to preserve faecal samples prior to DNA extraction have been used (e.g., 70% or absolute ethanol, freezing at −20 °C or in liquid nitrogen) no information is at present available in the literature on the use of lyophilised faeces. Accordingly, the yield and quality of the community DNA obtained by using four different commercial DNA extraction kits (QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit, REALPURE Spin Kit, SPEEDTOOLS Tissue DNA Extraction Kit, and JETQUICK Tissue DNA Spin Kit) from fresh and lyophilised samples of faeces were studied here.RESULTS: The use of lyophilised faeces resulted in a 1.5‐ to 2‐fold increase in DNA recovery relative to the use of fresh faeces regardless of the kit used. Among the four kits tested, the best results were obtained with the QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit. Community DNA obtained from lyophilised faeces also provided the best restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) profiles, which should guarantee a better representation of the microbial diversity present in faecal samples.CONCLUSION: As compared with using fresh faecal samples for pig faecal microbiota studies, lyophilisation improved both DNA yield and quality of the information arising from the PCR–RFLP method of analysis. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of salting processes on chemical composition, textural properties and microstructure of duck egg
Authors: Kaewmanee Thammarat , Benjakul Soottawat , Visessanguan Wonnop 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Salted eggs have been produced in Thailand and consumed nationwide. Salted egg can be made by brining eggs in saturated saline or by coating the egg with soil paste mixed with salt. The achievement of salting is generally indicated by the textural development of egg yolk. Yolk property is therefore a prime factor governing consumer acceptability and market demand. The objective of this study was to determine chemical composition, textural properties and microstructure of duck egg obtained from the coating and immersing methods at different salting times.RESULTS: Decreases in moisture content with coincidental increases in salt content in both egg white and yolk were observed during salting, regardless of salting process. However, no difference in salt content was noticeable in yolks (P > 0.05). The paste coating method tended to yield greater oil exudation of egg yolk than the immersing method. Maximum transition temperature (Tmax) of egg proteins and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance (TBARS) value in yolk increased with increasing salting time. A similar hardening ratio of yolk was observed in both processes. Higher hardness and adhesiveness were found in yolk with the paste coating method, whereas greater fracturability, springiness, gumminess and chewiness were observed with the immersing method. Nevertheless, both processes rendered the yolk with similar cohesiveness. Yolk granules were aligned closely when salting proceeded, irrespective of salting process.CONCLUSION: Dehydration and release of lipids in egg yolk increased with increasing salting time and were more pronounced with the paste coating method. Therefore salting processes affected the properties of salted eggs. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry