bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of two-spotted spider mite, <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) by predators on potted plants
Authors: Parvin Mst Mursalin , Haque Mohd Mainul 
Published: January 2009

Three predators Scolothrips sexmaculatus Pergande, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias - Henriot and Stethorus punctillum Weise were used to control two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on potted bean plants. Mite population increased exponentially on the untreated plants, but on the predator treated plants, increase of mite population was checked and remained within minimum number. Early release of predator checked the mite population earlier and kept it lower than on late released plants. All the three predators may be used as bio-control agents against two-spotted spider mite. Key words: Control, Tetranychus urticae, Scolothrips sexmaculatus, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Stethorus punctillum and bio-control agents. Â doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1954 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 51-54
Seasonal dynamics of plankton in relation to some environmental factors in a Beel ecosystem
Authors: Chowdhury MMR , Mondol MRK , Dewan S 
Published: January 2009

Seasonal dynamics of plankton, water temperature, conductivity, pH, total alkalinity, phosphatephosphorus and nitrate-nitrogen of Burulia beel were measured. These values were within the acceptable ranges. In the present study, water temperature, pH, Nitrate-nitrogen, Phosphate-phosphorus were found to range from 13.50 to 30.50Â°C, 6.21 to 7.33, 1.36 to 2.85 mg/l and 0.07 to 0.71 mg/l, respectively. The range of total plankton was from 12.67Ã105 to 80.83Ã105 cells/l with mean value 29.71Â±19.98Ã105 cells/l. A total of 47 genera of plankton was recorded belonging to Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Dinophyceae, Crustacea and Rotifera. Among phytoplanktonic Chlorophyceae was the most dominant group contributing 46% of the total. Cyanophyceae was the least dominant group. From zooplankton, Crustacea was the most dominant group contributing 71% of the total zooplankton. The greatest abundance of phytoplankton was recorded in September to November with an average number 70.67Ã105 cells/l and the minimum in April with an average number 38.33Ã105 cells/l. The abundance of zooplankton showed two peaks, one in the months of August-October and another in the months of April-June. Phytoplankton and zooplankton have a direct relationship with each other. Key words: Burulia beel, phytoplankton, zooplankton Â Â Â doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1955 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 55-58
Development of adolescence‐limited, late‐onset, and persistent offenders from age 8 to age 48
Authors: Farrington David P. , Ttofi Maria M. , Coid Jeremy W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article investigates the life success at ages 32 and 48 of four categories of males: nonoffenders, adolescence‐limited offenders (convicted only at ages 10–20), late‐onset offenders (convicted only at ages 21–50), and persistent offenders (convicted at both ages 10–20 and 21–50). In the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, 411 South London males have been followed up from age 8 to 48 in repeated personal interviews. There was considerable continuity in offending over time. Persistent offenders had the longest criminal careers (averaging 18.4 years), and most of them had convictions for violence. Persistent offenders were leading the most unsuccessful lives at ages 32 and 48, although all categories of males became more successful with age. By age 48, the life success of adolescence‐limited offenders was similar to that of nonoffenders. The most important risk factors at ages 8–18 that predicted which offenders would persist after age 21 were heavy drinking at age 18, hyperactivity at ages 12–14, and low popularity and harsh discipline at ages 8–10. The most important risk factors that predicted which nonoffenders would onset after age 21 were poor housing and low nonverbal IQ at ages 8–10, high neuroticism at age 16, and anti‐establishment attitudes and motoring convictions at age 18. It was suggested that nervousness and neuroticism may have protected children at risk from offending in adolescence and the teenage years. Aggr. Behav. 35:150–163, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors and outcomes of persistent or age‐limited registered criminal behavior: a 30‐year longitudinal study of a Swedish urban population
Authors: Bergman Lars R. , Andershed Anna‐Karin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study uses data from the longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation, where an entire school‐grade cohort of children in a middle‐size Swedish city (n∼1.300) has been followed from ages 10 to 43 and 48 for women and men, respectively. Our findings indicate that the patterns of offending across the life‐course differ between genders, where males seem to initiate their offending earlier than females. Further, there are very few women on a persistent offending‐trajectory. Focusing on precursors to as well as consequences of offending as indexed in official registers, our results indicate that individuals in the persistent offender group have the most pronounced adjustment problems in school‐ as well as in middle age. Individual characteristics and behaviors (e.g., aggression, hyperactivity, antisocial behavior) vary systematically between individuals with different developmental offending patterns. The combination of an unstable upbringing and own antisocial behavior seems to be especially predictive for criminality. For persistent offenders, the prevalence of alcohol and psychiatric problems at adult age is high for males and extremely high for females (nine out of ten and six out of ten for each of the two problem types for females). Further, the importance for adjustment of the two‐dimensional variation in the number of crimes committed during adolescence and adult age seems to have been surprisingly well captured by the “crude” division into the four offender groups that were used. Aggr. Behav. 35:164–178, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling the solid–liquid equilibrium in pharmaceutical‐solvent mixtures: Systems with complex hydrogen bonding behavior
Authors: Tsivintzelis Ioannis , Economou Ioannis G. , Kontogeorgis Georgios M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA methodology is suggested for modeling the phase equilibria of complex chemical mixtures with an equation of state (EoS) for the case where only limited experimental data exist. The complex hydrogen bonding behavior is explicitly accounted for and the corresponding parameters are adopted from simpler molecules of similar chemical structure and/or are fitted to Hansen's partial solubility parameters. The methodology is applied to modeling the solubility of three pharmaceuticals, namely acetanilide, phenacetin, and paracetamol, using the nonrandom hydrogen bonding (NRHB) EoS. In all cases, accurate correlations were obtained. The prediction ability of the approach was evaluated against predictions from the COSMO‐RS model. A thorough discussion is made for the appropriate modeling of solid solubility considering the effect of the difference of the heat capacities of the solute in liquid and solid state, ΔCp = Cpl − Cps, in the determination of solid chemical potential and, also, of the polymorphism of drugs. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Responsive Supramolecular Gels Constructed by Crown Ether Based Molecular Recognition
Authors: Ge Zhishen , Hu Jinming , Huang Feihe , Liu Shiyong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractResponsive supramolekulare Gele wurden aus vierarmigem Poly(ε‐caprolacton) mit Kronenether‐Endgruppen (PCL–DB24C8) und zweiarmigem Poly(ε‐caprolacton) mit Dibenzylammonium‐Endgruppen (PCL–DBAS) aufgebaut (siehe Schema), wobei sich die Bildung von Pseudorotaxanstrukturen aus Kronenether‐ und Ammoniumeinheiten als nützlich erwies. Diese supramolekularen Gele durchlaufen bei Temperatur‐ und pH‐Änderungen reversible Gel‐Sol‐Übergänge.magnified image
Secondary Alkyl Halides in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Rudolph Alena , Lautens Mark 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSecondary, but second to none: The use of secondary alkyl halides in transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions (see scheme) has advanced significantly over the last five years. Selected examples of these transformations are examined, including mechanistic and stereochemical aspects.magnified imageEnormous effort has gone into the development of metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions with alkyl halides as electrophilic coupling partners. Whereas a wide array of primary alkyl halides can now be used effectively in cross‐coupling reactions, the synthetic potential of secondary alkyl halides is just beginning to be revealed. This Minireview summarizes selected examples of the use of secondary alkyl halides as electrophiles in cross‐coupling reactions. Emphasis is placed on the transition metals employed, the mechanistic pathways involved, and implications in terms of the stereochemical outcome of reactions.
Nanostructured Cobalt Oxide Clusters in Mesoporous Silica as Efficient Oxygen‐Evolving Catalysts
Authors: Jiao Feng , Frei Heinz 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLight, inexpensive, effective: Nanostructured Co3O4 clusters (see picture) in mesoporous silica are the first example of a nanometer‐sized multielectron catalyst made of a first‐row transition‐metal oxide that evolves oxygen from water efficiently. The nanorod bundle structure of the catalyst results in a very large surface area, an important factor contributing to the high turnover frequency.magnified image
A Designer Axially Chiral Amino Sulfonamide as an Efficient Organocatalyst for Direct Asymmetric Mannich Reactions of N‐Boc‐Protected Imines
Authors: Kano Taichi , Yamaguchi Yukako , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe moderate nucleophilicity of the axially chiral amino sulfonamide (S)‐1 suppresses the problematic side reactions, including aldol reactions, in the asymmetric Mannich reaction of N‐Boc‐protected imines with aldehydes. The corresponding adducts are obtained in good yield and excellent stereoselectivity (see scheme; Boc=tert‐butoxycarbonyl, Tf=trifluoromethanesulfonyl).magnified image
Synthesis and metal ions sorption properties of styrene‐based polymers
Authors: Deveci Huseyin , Ahmetli Gulnare , Ersoz Mustafa , Kurbanli Refika 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAtactic polystyrene (PS) was chemically modified with maleic (MAH), succinic (SAH), and phtalic (PhAH) anhydrides. Styrene was copolymerized with acrylic (AA) and methacrylic acids (MA). Amount of carboxyl groups (%) bound to polymers was determined in the range of 6.9–25.9. Different modified polystyrenes (MPS) and styrene copolymers were used in the experiments to study Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions adsorption probability and their comparison. Sorption capacity of the polymers for the metal ions were investigated in aqueous media containing different amounts of these ions (5–40 mg/L) and at different pH values (2.0–6.0). Adsorption behavior of heavy metal ions could be modeled using both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was found that the adsorption capacity is highest at pH value of 6, whereas it decreases as the pH value decreases at temperature 25°C ± 1°C for 240 min. The results obtained from the adsorption capacity experiments for Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions were 3.47–5.45 and 5.42–6.85 mg/g, respectively. The affinity order of polymers for both metal ions was observed as follows: SMAC > SAAC > MPS with MAH > MPS with SAH > MPS with PhAH. The maximum adsorption capacities of SMAC were 6.85mg/g for Zn(II) and 5.45 mg/g for Cu(II). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Enhanced and selective fluoride sorption on Ce(III) encapsulated chitosan polymeric matrix
Authors: Viswanathan Natrayasamy , Meenakshi S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChitosan beads (CB) possesses low defluoridation capacity (DC) have been suitably modified by carboxylation followed by chelation with Ce(III) to enhance its DC. The carboxylated chitosan beads (CCB), which has a desirable DC of 1385 mgF−/kg, has been further chemically modified by incorporating Ce3+ ion into CCB (Ce‐CCB) and its DC was found to be 4798 mgF−/kg, whereas raw chitosan beads (CB) possesses 52 mgF−/kg only. The maximum DC of Ce‐CCB was observed at pH 7 and showed selectivity toward fluoride in presence of other coanions. The sorbent was characterized using FTIR and SEM with EDAX analysis. The sorption data was fitted with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and kinetic models. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, viz., ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicate the nature of fluoride sorption. A field trial was carried out with fluoride water collected from a nearby fluoride‐endemic village to test the suitability of Ce‐CCB at field conditions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
New photosensitive poly(amid‐imide)s containing chalcone moiety and hydantoin derivatives in the main chain: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Isfahani Hossein Nasr , Faghihi Khalil , Mozaffari Zohreh 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSix new poly(amid‐imide)s containing chalchone and hydantoin moieties in the main chain were synthesized through the polycondensation reaction of 1,3‐bis[4,4′‐bis(trimellityimido)phenyl]‐2‐propenone 6 with six hydantoin derivatives 7a‐f in a medium consisting of triphenyl phosphite, calcium chloride, pyridine, and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone. The polycondensation reaction produced a series of novel poly(amid‐imide)s 8a‐f in high yields with inherent viscosities between 0.26 and 0.42 dL/g. The resulting polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, viscosity measurements, solubility test, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG), FTIR, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. 1,3‐bis[4,4′‐bis(trimellityimido)phenyl]‐2‐propenone 6 was prepared from a three‐step reaction by using 4‐nitro benzaldehyde 1 and 4‐nitro acetophenone 2 as precursors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Distamycin Analogues – New Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Drozdowska Danuta , Rusak Malgorzata , Miltyk Wojciech , Midura‐Nowaczek Krystyna 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEight of analogues of distamycin, potential minor‐groove binders, were synthesized and tested for in‐vitro cytotoxicity towards human breast cancer cells MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231. The method of synthesis is simple and convenient. All of the compounds 1–8 showed antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects against both cell lines in the range 3.47 to 12.53 μM for MDA‐MB‐231 and 4.35 to 12.66 μM for MCF‐7. All compounds demonstrated activity against DNA topoisomerases I and II at a concentration of 50 μM. The ethidium bromide assay showed that these compounds bind to plasmid pBR322, yet weaker than distamycin. Further investigations concerning the mechanism of cytotoxicity are now in progress, but the IC50 values suggest that synthetic distamycin analogues with a free amino group, 3–4 and 7–8, can serve as potential carriers of strong acting elements, e. g. alkylating groups.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition by Pentacycloundecane Conjugates of Aminoguanidine and Tryptamine
Authors: Wilkes Dennis K. , de Vries Armand , Oliver Douglas W. , Malan Sarel F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis andin‐vitroactivity of pentacycloundecane‐conjugated aminoguanidine and tryptamine analogues on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) using rat brain homogenate. Both aminoguanidine and tryptamine‐derived NOS inhibitors show selectivity towards the inducible and neuronal isoforms of the NOS enzyme, but are weak inhibitors and complete inhibition of the enzyme occurs only at high millimolar concentrations. In view of the increased NOS inactivation observed with alkyl substitution of these structures, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the pentacycloundecane cage moiety as an alkyl substituent on thein vitroNOS inhibition of aminoguanidine and tryptamine compounds. Comparison of the IC50values of aminoguanidine (IC50= 2.306×10–3M) and 8‐imino‐N‐guanidino‐pentacyclo‐undecane2(IC50= 8.803×10–5M) revealed a more than 26‐fold increase in potency. The ability of tryptamine to inhibit NOS activity was also markedly improved by the various pentacycloundecane substituents. The compounds, 3‐hydroxy‐4‐[3‐(2‐aminoethyl)indole]‐azahexacyclo[5.4.1.02,6.03,10.05,9.08,11]dodecane4and 8‐[3‐(2‐aminoethyl) indole]‐pentacyclo[5.4.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecane7showed the best activity of the tryptamine analogues with a more than 3‐fold increase in nitric oxide synthase inhibition. The results confirmed that the pentacycloundecane structure substantially enhanced the NOS inhibitory potency as observed for the six new NOS inhibitors.
On examples of E‐education environment for distance graduate studies
Authors: Mockus Jonas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article deals with the development of a Web‐based integrated system for distance graduate studies of optimization models, methods, and applications. The aim is to support the curriculum and free choice courses and to provide students with hands‐on experience on the effective use and development of software tools. The system is to stimulate and develop creative abilities of work as independent researchers by investigating of on‐line optimization models on the web. The idea is to optimize heuristics of different discrete optimization models by the unified Bayesian heuristic approach. The software is regularly updated in response to new programming tools and students reports. The general structure of the website remains: http://pilis.if.ktu.lt/∼jmockus © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 331–343, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20264
Die Kommission für Anlagensicherheit als Beratungsgremium der Bundesregierung
Authors: Gierke W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAuf dem Gebiet der Anlagensicherheit wurden die bisherigen Beratungsgremien – Störfall‐Kommission und Technischer Ausschuss für Anlagensicherheit – in der Kommission für Anlagensicherheit (KAS) zusammengefasst. Die KAS berät die Bundesregierung oder das zuständige Bundesministerium. In regelmäßigen Abständen und auch aus gegebenem Anlass soll die KAS sachkundig Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Anlagensicherheit aufzeigen und des Weiteren dem Stand der Sicherheitstechnik entsprechende sicherheitstechnische Regeln vorschlagen.
Auslegung von Schutzeinrichtungen für wärmeübertragende Apparate
Authors: Schmidt J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWärmeübertragende Apparate werden entweder inhärent sicher (eigensicher) gebaut oder mit Schutzeinrichtungen versehen. Diese Einrichtungen sind so bemessen, dass weder der Druck noch die Temperatur im Apparat bei nicht‐bestimmungsgemäßem Betrieb über die zulässigen Werte des Apparates hinaus ansteigen. In der Regel werden Berstscheiben oder Sicherheitsventile (mechanische Schutzeinrichtungen) verwendet. Alternativ lassen sich mit prozessleittechnischen (PLT‐)Schutzeinrichtungen die relevanten Betriebsparameter (z. B. Druck, Temperatur etc.) sicher begrenzen. Zusätzlich zu diesen primären Schutzeinrichtungen werden sekundäre Schutzmaßnahmen festgelegt, um die Auswirkungen von Störungen (Dennoch‐Störfälle) zu mindern.
Predictors of contralateral breast cancer in patients with unilateral breast cancer undergoing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy
Authors: Yi Min , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Middleton Lavinia P. , Arun Banu K. , Bedrosian Isabelle , Babiera Gildy V. , Hwang Rosa F. , Kuerer Henry M. , Yang Wei , Hunt Kelly K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) reduced the risk of contralateral breast cancer in unilateral breast cancer patients, it was difficult to predict which patients were most likely to benefit from the procedure. The objective of this study was to identify the clinicopathologic factors that predict contralateral breast cancer and thereby inform decisions regarding performing CPM in unilateral breast cancer patients.METHODS:A total of 542 unilateral breast cancer patients who underwent CPM at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center from January 2000 to April 2007 were included in the current study. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify clinicopathologic factors that predict contralateral breast cancer.RESULTS:Of the 542 patients included in this study, 25 (5%) had an occult malignancy in the contralateral breast. Eighty‐two patients (15%) had moderate‐risk to high‐risk histologic findings identified at final pathologic evaluation of the contralateral breast. Multivariate analysis revealed that 3 independent factors predicted malignancy in the contralateral breast: an ipsilateral invasive lobular histology, an ipsilateral multicentric tumor, and a 5‐year Gail risk ≥1.67%. Multivariate analysis also revealed that an age ≥50 years at the time of the initial cancer diagnosis and an additional ipsilateral moderate‐risk to high‐risk pathology were independent predictors of moderate‐risk to high‐risk histologic findings in the contralateral breast.CONCLUSIONS:The findings indicated that CPM may be a rational choice for breast cancer patients who have a 5‐year Gail risk ≥1.67%, an additional ipsilateral moderate‐risk to high‐risk pathology, an ipsilateral multicentric tumor, or an ipsilateral tumor of invasive lobular histology. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Regressive events in rat corticospinal axons during development in in vitro slice cocultures: Retraction, amputation, and degeneration
Authors: Yoshioka Noboru , Murabe Naoyuki , Sakurai Masaki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAxonal regression is utilized to refine neuronal circuits during development, but the dynamic properties of such regression remain largely unknown. We used confocal time‐lapse imaging to examine the regression of single enhanced yellow fluorescent protein‐labeled axons in corticospinal slice cocultures. By acquiring images at long (1 day) and short (30–60 min) intervals on days 5–13 in vitro, we detected three types of regressive events: 1) retractions, 2) amputations (referred to as autoaxotomy), and 3) degeneration. Retractions proceeded at some constant rate for up to 3 hours and then paused or switched to another constant rate, apparently shifting stepwise among three retraction rates (6, 12, 17 μm/hours). Autoaxotomy was a previously unreported strategy for regression. It occurred spontaneously, either at a proximal branch neck or at a distal end. Axons also underwent a form of degeneration that had several novel characteristics. Degenerating axons showed bright bead‐like spots arranged at 3–9‐μm intervals. The gaps were much larger than the spot size, and there was no prior sign of damage (e.g., swelling). Each spot's fluorescence intensity often waxed and waned, with its position unchanged. Degeneration progressed without clear proximal‐to‐distal directionality and was complete within 3–4 hours. Quantitative analysis of daily branch regression showed that branches almost always regressed up to their branch point or stopped before it, thereby keeping the branch point stable. This branch‐point stability was retained for all three regression strategies observed, suggesting that the fate of each branch is determined relatively independently during the development of axonal arborization. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:164–172, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.