bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor endocytosis is accompanied by reorganization of microtubule system in HeLa cells
Authors: Kharchenko Marianna V. , Aksyonov Alexander A. , Melikova Maria M. , Kornilova Elena S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTranslocation of endosomes along microtubules (MTs) from the cell periphery toward the juxtranuclear region proximal to MTOC is well established. During this translocation the radial MT system is believed to retain its organization. Here we demonstrate that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endocytosis in HeLa cells is accompanied by dramatic remodeling of the MT system. Synchronized endocytosis was stimulated by warming the cells after EGF prebinding to EGFR on ice. Soon after that MTs were fully reestablished and EGFR was found in EE aligned along peripheral MTs. By the beginning of EE‐to‐LE sorting, the number of long MTs decreased and MTs appeared like an entangled meshwork of disorientated fragments and were partially depolymerized. Simultaneously, tubulin staining increased in juxtranuclear region, and at the time of LE‐Lys interaction, enlarged EGFR‐containing endosomes were localized there. Radial MTs were re‐established when EGF‐EGFR degradation started in lysosomes. In EGF absence, no alterations occurred upon MTs re‐establishment. We conclude that MT remodeling is endocytosis‐dependent.
Definition of a direct extracellular interaction between Met and E‐cadherin
Authors: Reshetnikova Galina , Troyanovsky Sergei , Rimm David L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHigh levels of the Met tyrosine kinase receptor expression are associated with metastatic disease. Met activation by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is associated with decreased E‐cadherin‐dependent cell—cell contacts. The molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. To better understand the relationship between E‐cadherin and Met, we assessed Met localization in cells which form mature E‐cadherin‐dependent adhesion HT‐29 and cells which have lost E‐cadherin expression BT‐549. Met colocalized with E‐cadherin at the site of cell—cell adhesion in HT‐29 cells, but Met was distributed in an intracellular compartment in BT‐549 cells. Forced expression of E‐cadherin in BT‐549 cells recruited Met to the membrane. Cross‐linking studies suggested that Met and E‐cadherin interact in the extracellular domain in HT‐29 cells. This is the first evidence of a physical interaction between Met and E‐cadherin. We suggest that this receptor/cadherin pairing may be a mechanism for cellular presentation of receptors in a manner that localizes them optimally for interaction with ligand.
Branched‐chain amino acids accumulating in maple syrup urine disease induce morphological alterations in C6 glioma cells probably through reactive species
Authors: de Lima Pelaez Priscila , Funchal Cláudia , Loureiro Samanta Oliveira , Heimfarth Luana , Zamoner Ariane , Gottfried Carmem , Latini Alexandra , Wajner Moacir , Pessoa‐Pureur Regina 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the effects of the branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val), which accumulate in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), on C6 glioma cell morphology and cytoskeletal reorganization by exposing the cultured cells to 1 and 5 mM BCAA. We observed that cells showed a fusiform shape with processes after 3 h treatment. Cell death was also observed when cells were incubated in the presence of the BCAA for 3 and 24 h. Val‐treated cells presented the most dramatic morphological alterations. Immunocytochemistry with anti‐actin and anti‐GFAP antibodies revealed that all BCAA induced reorganization of actin and GFAP cytoskeleton. Although phosphorylation regulates intermediate filament (IF) assembly/disassembly, we verified that the BCAA did not change the in vitro phosphorylation of IF proteins either in C6 cells or in slices of cerebral cortex of rats during development (9‐, 12‐, 17‐ and 21‐day‐old). Furthermore, we observed that 3 h cell exposure to 5 mM of each BCAA resulted in a marked reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and significantly increased nitric oxide production. Finally, we observed that the morphological features caused by the BCAA on C6 cells were prevented by the use of the antioxidants GSH (1 mM) and Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME, 0.5 mM). On the basis of the present results, we conclude that free radical attack might be involved in the cell morphological alterations, as well as, in the cytoskeletal reorganization elicited by the BCAA. It is therefore presumed that these findings could be involved in the neuropathological features observed in patients affected by MSUD.
Family consultation in a school setting
Authors: Taylor D. 
Published: January 2007

This paper describes a type of brief, focused intervention involving the family, which has been found useful with pupils in secondary schools referred to an educational psychologist. This “family consultation” runs parallel to the “school consultation’ which the educational psychologist will engage in with teachers and educational welfare officers, and sometimes overlaps when joint sessions are arranged.The consultation is, usually limited to one full interview with the family and takes place at school. School staff remain fully involved with the referral and follow‐up is facilitated by the psychologist's regular contact with the school. Two examples are given illustrating different degrees of enmeshment between family and school systems. Some intervention techniques are described.
Psychological aspects of unemployment: an investigation into the emotional and social adjustment of school leavers
Authors: Donovan Andrew , Oddy Michael 
Published: January 2007

Young people are particularly vulnerable to unemployment and the consequences of this for psychosocial development and mental health are not well understood.This study is an investigation of some of these consequences.The psychological well‐being and mental health of employed and unemployed school‐leavers of both sexes was investigated.Those school‐leavers who were unemployed were found to be more depressed and more anxious than those in work and showed a higher incidence of minor psychiatric morbidity. Unemployed young people had lower self‐esteem than their employed peers and poorer subjective wellbeing. They were also found to be less well socially adjusted. Young women showed poorer psychological well‐being than young men, irrespective of employment status.The psychological impact of unemployment for young people is discussed in relation to individual and sex differences and the question of whether poor mental health is a cause or a consequence of unemployment is considered.
Touch and action in group therapy of younger adolescents
Authors: Dunne Carol , Bruggen Peter , O'Brian Charles 
Published: January 2007

A nursing assistant with another view of how to use an hour in the afternoon, introduced to Hill End Adolescent Unit the new therapies of bioenergetics, gestalt, massage and psychodrama.After a period of intense staff training, and gradual introduction to the adolescents, those methods became part of the Unit's culture, the institutional taboo against touch was crossed, there was a reduction in violence and a greater expression of caring feelings.
Attitudes of French adolescents toward sexuality
Authors: Werebe Maria José Garcia , Reinert Max 
Published: January 2007

Three hundred and eighty‐six French adolescents from 16 to 18 years of age (145 boys and 241 girls) were questioned about sexuality. The five questions used covered their opinions on: abortion, masturbation, sexual intercourse during adolescence, homosexuality and marriage.The comparison of their responses to the five questions was expected to bring out the differences in their reactions in these areas. In fact, the results revealed that the subjects were not concerned to the same degree by the five questions. It was also observed that few adolescents were completely “liberal” and even fewer completely “conservative”. The importance of socio‐cultural factors, especially religion, associated with the attitudes of the subjects appeared undeniable. Some interesting differences in attitudes expressed by the two sexes were brought out.
The extent of solvent abuse in a regional secure unit sample
Authors: Lockhart W.H. , Lennox Margaret 
Published: January 2007

Because of concern over the increasing number of tecnage boys being admitted to secure facilities with a background of solvent abuse this study set out to compare such boys with a sample drawn from a drop‐in youth centre. It was discovered that the secure unit boys were more likely to have habitually abused solvents than their youth centre counterparts. However their drinking and smoking habits were similar.A measure of neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic symptoms showed that the “sniffers” had a higher mean score than “non‐sniffers” in the secure unit—although the difference was not statistically significant. Sniffing was associated with heightened emotions, with approximately half the “sniffers” associating sniffing with pleasant feelings and the other half with unpleasant experiences. It was suggested that those who construe sniffing positively are more likely to have socially determined reasons for abuse, whereas those who construe it negatively may have psychologically determined reasons. Finally, results from a Delinquency Implications Matrix suggested that sniffing was viewed as part of a delinquent syndrome and not as a discrete activity by the boys concerned.
SEEDS OF DISCONTENT: DANCING MANIAS AND MEDICAL INQUIRY IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITISH LITERATURE AND CULTURE
Authors: Engelhardt Molly 
Published: January 2007

I accepted his invitation; but having once begun to dance, he would on no account be prevailed on to cease. At last I grew uneasy. I fixed my eyes upon him with anxiety; it seemed to me as if his eyes grew dimmer and dimmer, his cheeks paler and more wasted, his lips shrivelled and skinny, his teeth grinned out, white and ghastly, and at last he stared upon me with bony and eyeless sockets.—“The Dance of Death,” Blackwood's Magazine It is ill dancing with a heavy heart.—George Eliot, Mill on the Floss
The likelihood that two proteins interact might depend on the proteins' age
Authors: Beltrao Pedro 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIt has been previously shown [1] that S. cerevisiae proteins preferentially interact with proteins of the same estimated likely time of origin. To study this observation further, the protein interaction networks of S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens were analyzed taking into account an estimate for the age of the proteins in these species. These estimates were obtained by studying the presence and absence of putative orthologs in other eukaryotic species. In this work preliminary results are described that point to a dependence of the likelihood of protein interaction on the proteins’ age. The probability of two proteins interactions was found to be linearly dependent on the time the proteins have co-existed in the species.
Perioperative Cardiac Arrests in Children between 1988 and 2005 at a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Flick Randall P. , Sprung Juraj , Harrison Tracy E. , Gleich Stephen J. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Hanson Andrew C. , Buenvenida Shonie L. , Warner David O. 
Published: January 2007

Background
The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and outcome of perioperative cardiac arrest (CA) in children younger than 18 yr undergoing anesthesia for noncardiac and cardiac procedures at a tertiary care center.

Methods
After institutional review board approval (Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota), all patients younger than 18 yr who had perioperative CA between November 1, 1988, and June 30, 2005, were identified. Perioperative CA was defined as a need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation or death during anesthesia care. A cardiac procedure was defined as a surgical procedure involving the heart or great vessels requiring an incision.

Results
A total of 92,881 anesthetics were administered during the study period, of which 4,242 (5%) were for the repair of congenital heart malformations. The incidence of perioperative CA during noncardiac procedures was 2.9 per 10,000, and the incidence during cardiac procedures was 127 per 10,000. The incidence of perioperative CA attributable to anesthesia was 0.65 per 10,000 anesthetics, representing 7.5% of the 80 perioperative CAs. Both CA incidence and mortality were highest among neonates (0-30 days of life) undergoing cardiac procedures (incidence: 435 per 10,000; mortality: 389 per 10,000). Regardless of procedure type, most patients who experienced perioperative CA (88%) had congenital heart disease.

Conclusion
The majority of perioperative CAs were caused by factors not attributed to anesthesia, in distinction to some recent reports. The incidence of perioperative CA is many-fold higher in children undergoing cardiac procedures, suggesting that definition of case mix is necessary to accurately interpret epidemiologic studies of perioperative CA in children.
Telescoping Tracheal Tubes into Catheters Minimizes Epistaxis during Nasotracheal Intubation in Children
Authors: Watt Stacey , Pickhardt Don , Lerman Jerrold , Armstrong James , Creighton Paul R. , Feldman Leeshy 
Published: January 2007

Background
Numerous strategies have been used to reduce epistaxis after nasotracheal intubation. The authors compared the severity of epistaxis after nasotracheal intubation in children with tubes at room temperature, warm tubes, and tubes telescoped into catheters.

Methods
Children who were scheduled for elective dental surgery were randomly assigned to undergo nasotracheal intubation using a tube at room temperature (control), warmed in saline, or whose distal end had been telescoped into a red rubber catheter. After an inhalational induction and intravenous propofol, a lubricated tube or red rubber catheter was inserted into the right naris. Tracheal intubation was achieved by direct laryngoscopy and tube placement using Magill forceps. The pharynx was swabbed for blood by an observer who was blind to the treatment. The severity of bleeding was rated using reference figures. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher exact tests. P < 0.05 was accepted.

Results
The demographics of the three groups were similar. The estimated median area of the gauze in the catheter group that was covered with blood (0%) was significantly less than the areas in the control (40%) and warm (20%) groups. The incidence of clinically relevant bleeding (>or= 40% of the gauze area covered in blood) in the catheter group (5%) was significantly less than in the control (56%) and warm (39%) groups. The incidence of no detectable blood in the catheter group (59%) was significantly greater than in the control (21%) and warm (26%) groups.

Conclusions
Telescoping the endotracheal tube into a catheter significantly reduces epistaxis in children undergoing nasotracheal intubation.
Risk Factors for the Occurrence of Electroencephalogram Abnormalities during Induction of Anesthesia with Sevoflurane in Nonepileptic Patients
Authors: Julliac Benjamin , Guehl Dominique , Chopin Fabrice , Arne Pierre , Burbaud Pierre , Sztark François , Cros Anne-Marie 
Published: January 2007

Background
The aim of this prospective study was to determine the risk factors of epileptiform discharge during induction with sevoflurane in healthy adult patients.

Methods
Forty adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I were randomly allocated to one of four groups. Group A: Patients breathed 8% sevoflurane in oxygen (8 l/min) via a prefilled circuit. End-tidal sevoflurane was maintained at 4%. Tracheal intubation was performed at the third minute after cisatracurium injection. Group B: The anesthesia protocol was similar, but a vital capacity technique was performed. Group C: Patients were anesthetized as in group A but were hyperventilated. Group D: Patients were anesthetized as in group A, but end-tidal sevoflurane was maintained at 2%. An electroencephalogram was recorded before and during induction up to 11 min after the start of induction. Statistical analysis was performed with Statview 5.0 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) for multivariate analysis.

Results
Twelve patients experienced epileptiform discharges. Risk factors were female sex (odds ratio, 12.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-135), delay to the occurrence of beta waves (odds ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.99), and end-tidal sevoflurane (odds ratio, 8.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-69). Epileptiform discharges were not associated with significant hemodynamic or Bispectral Index variations.

Conclusion
Induction with sevoflurane may result in epileptiform electroencephalographic activity. Only electroencephalographic monitoring allows the diagnosis. Risk factors are mainly female sex, short delay to onset of anesthesia, and high alveolar sevoflurane concentration. Induction with high sevoflurane concentration is controversial mainly in women.
Sevoflurane Inhalation at Sedative Concentrations Provides Endothelial Protection against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Humans
Authors: Lucchinetti Eliana , Ambrosio Sandro , Aguirre José , Herrmann Patrick , Härter Luc , Keel Marius , Meier Thomas , Zaugg Michael 
Published: January 2007

Background
Endothelial cells can be protected against cytokine-induced toxicity by volatile anesthetics. The authors tested whether inhalation of sevoflurane at subanesthetic concentrations provides protection against postocclusive endothelial dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury of the forearm in humans.

Methods
Five healthy male volunteers were enrolled in this study with crossover design. Each subject was randomly exposed to 15 min of forearm ischemia in the presence or absence of sevoflurane. Sevoflurane was inhaled at 0.5-1 vol% end-tidal concentrations from 15 min before ischemia until 5 min after the onset of reperfusion. Hyperemic reaction, an indicator of ischemic injury and endothelial function, was determined at 15 and 30 min of reperfusion using venous occlusion plethysmography. Also, markers of leukocyte activation (CD11b, CD42b) were measured by flow cytometry during reperfusion.

Results
Fifteen minutes of forearm ischemia followed by reperfusion diminished postocclusive endothelium-dependent hyperemic reaction at 15 and 30 min of reperfusion. Peri-ischemic inhalation of sevoflurane, targeted at 0.5-1 vol% end-tidal concentrations, markedly improved postocclusive hyperemic reaction. In addition, inhalation of sevoflurane attenuated activation of leukocytes, as measured by CD11b expression, after ischemia-reperfusion injury. No changes in CD42b expression were observed after ischemia-reperfusion of the forearm.

Conclusions
These data suggest that human endothelium, a key component of all vital organs, is receptive to protection by sevoflurane in vivo. Peri-ischemic administration of sevoflurane mimics a combination of pharmacologic preconditioning and postconditioning and protects at even low sedative concentrations (< 1 vol%). Inhibition of leukocyte adhesion is likely to be involved in the protection.
Intraoperative Awareness in a Regional Medical System
Authors: Pollard Richard J. , Coyle Joseph P. , Gilbert Richard L. , Beck Janet E. 
Published: January 2007

Background
Intraoperative awareness in patients undergoing general anesthesia is an infrequent but well-described adverse outcome. The reported incidence of this phenomenon is between 0.1% and 0.9%.

Methods
With institutional review board approval, the authors reviewed continuous quality improvement data from 3 yr (2002-2004) at the locations where the physician group provided anesthesia. Board-certified anesthesiologists supervising certified registered nurse anesthetists in the anesthesia care team model of practice delivered all anesthetics. Brain function monitors were not used in the operating room setting. Patients were interviewed twice during a 48-h postoperative period and, as part of that process, underwent a modified Brice interview to determine intraoperative awareness. All cases that met the criteria for awareness were examined by the continuous quality improvement committee to modify anesthetic practice and were included in this study.

Results
Data from 211,842 patients undergoing anesthesia were considered. Of these, the continuous quality improvement process followed up 177,468 (83.1%). Cases were not included in the study if the patient was younger than 18 yr, did not have a general anesthetic, or had a terminal event during the hospital course. By these criteria, a total of 87,361 patients followed by the continuous quality improvement process were at risk for awareness. Six patients reported instances of recall.

Conclusion
The incidence of intraoperative awareness in this large sample of patients from a regional medical center undergoing general anesthesia was 0.0068%, or 1 per 14,560 patients, substantially less than that reported in the recent literature.
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Attenuates Reperfusion Inflammatory Responses in Humans
Authors: Mathru Mali , Huda Ruksana , Solanki Daneshvari R. , Hays Stephen , Lang John D. 
Published: January 2007

Background
Reduced bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide associated with reperfusion could potentially exacerbate the inflammatory response during reperfusion. Evidence suggests the pharmacologic effects of inhaled nitric oxide may extend beyond the pulmonary vasculature, and this is attributed to nitric oxide-derived complexes in blood that ultimately orchestrate antiinflammatory effects. In this study, the authors evaluated the potential for inhaled nitric oxide (80 ppm) to attenuate inflammation instigated by ischemia-reperfusion in a human model using patients undergoing knee surgery where a tourniquet was used to produce a bloodless surgical field.

Methods
Inhaled nitric oxide (80 ppm) was administered before tourniquet application and continued throughout reperfusion until the completion of surgery. Venous blood samples were collected before and after reperfusion, for the measurements of nitrate and nitrite, CD11b/CD18, soluble P-selectin, and lipid hydroperoxide. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the quadriceps muscle before skin closure and analyzed for myeloperoxide, conjugated dienes, and nuclear factor-kappaB translocation.

Results
Administration of inhaled nitric oxide (80 ppm) significantly attenuated the inflammatory response characterized by reduced expression of CD11b/CD18, P-selectin, and nuclear factor kappaB compared with the control group. This was accompanied by increased plasma levels of nitrate and nitrite and reduced oxidative stress.

Conclusions
Administration of inhaled nitric oxide at 80 ppm significantly reduces inflammation in lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion in humans. This observation supports the concept that during diseases characterized by dysfunction in nitric oxide metabolism, inhaled nitric oxide may be an effective therapy to replenish systemic nitric oxide, thus retarding inflammatory-mediated injury.