bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Design of Fibrous Flexible Actuators for Smart Wearable Applications
Authors: Fang Cuiqin , Xu Bingang , Li Meiqi , Han Jing , Yang Yujue , Liu Xinlong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSmart wearables equipped with integrated flexible actuators possess the ability to autonomously respond and adapt to changes in the environment. Fibrous textiles have been recognised as promising platforms for integrating flexible actuators and wearables owing to their superior body compliance, lightweight nature, and programmable architectures. Various studies related to textile actuators in smart wearables have been recently reported. However, the review focusing on the advanced design of these textile actuator technologies for smart wearables is lacking. Herein, a timely and thorough review of the progress achieved in this field over the past five years is presented. This review focuses on the advanced design concepts for textile actuators in smart wearables, covering functional materials, innovative architecture configurations, external stimuli, and their applications in smart wearables. The primary aspects focus on actuating materials, formation techniques of textile architecture, actuating behaviour and performance metrics of textile actuators, various applications in smart wearables, and the design challenges for next-generation smart wearables. Ultimately, conclusive perspectives are highlighted.
Graphical Abstract
Health status, life expectancy and early claiming of pension
Authors: Aakvik Arild , Holmås Tor Helge , Kjerstad Egil 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrior to 2011, individual life expectancy played no role in the Norwegian old-age pension system. However, after the 2011 reform, life expectancy became a central factor for early pension take-up. Asymmetric information is crucial in most insurance markets, including the new pension system, where employees can flexible claim a public pension from the age of 62. Individuals who expect to live longer than the average for their birth cohort can maximize their pension wealth by deferring pension claiming, while those with a shorter life expectancy should draw their pension as early as possible. This raises concerns that adverse selection may pose a risk to the sustainability of the new pension system. To investigate this issue, we use chronic disease as a proxy for life expectancy and examine its relationship with employment and pension decisions. Our findings show that individuals with a chronic health condition are more likely to draw a pension and continue working when they reach 62 years of age compared to those without a chronic health condition. This suggests potential adverse selection issues in the pension system, although our results suggest small effects after adjusting for unobservables.
Exploring citizens’ stances on AI in public services: A social contract perspective
Authors: Schmager Stefan , Grøder Charlotte Husom , Parmiggiani Elena , Pappas Ilias , Vassilakopoulou Polyxeni 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper explores citizens’ stances toward the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in public services in Norway. Utilizing a social contract perspective, the study analyzes the government–citizen relationship at macro, meso, and micro levels. A prototype of an AI-enabled public welfare service was designed and presented to 20 participants who were interviewed to investigate their stances on the described AI use. We found a generally positive attitude and identified three factors contributing to this: (a) the high level of trust in government (macro level); (b) the balanced value proposition between individual and collective needs (meso level); and (c) the reassurance provided by having humans in the loop and providing transparency into processes, data, and model’s logic (microlevel). The findings provide valuable insights into citizens’ stances for socially responsible AI in public services. These insights can inform policy and guide the design and implementation of AI systems in the public sector by foregrounding the government–citizen relationship.
Behavioural Analysis and Regulatory Impact Assessment
Authors: Drummond James R. , Radaelli Claudio M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRegulatory impact assessment (RIA) is an appraisal tool to bring evidence to bear on regulatory decisions. A key property of RIA is that is corrects errors in reasoning by pushing regulators towards deliberative thinking to override intuitive judgments. However, the steps for regulatory analysis suggested by international organisations and governmental handbooks do not handle two sources of bias and barriers that are well documented in the literature on behavioural insights. First, bias enters the process via knowledge production during the analytical process of assessment. Second, bias affects knowledge utilisation when regulators “read” or utilise the results of RIA. We explore these two pathways by focusing on drivers of behaviour rather than lists of biases. The conclusions reflect on the limitations of current practice and its possible improvement, making suggestions for an RIA architecture that is fully informed by behavioural analysis.
Training community health volunteers to use mobile platform during the COVID-19 pandemic: The Kenya experience
Authors: Mbwayo Anne W. , Mathai Muthoni , Mutavi Teresia , Waruinge Stella , Triplett Noah , Concepcion Tessa , Collins Pamela Y. , Dorsey Shannon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study describes an alternative to face-to-face training method for community health volunteers (CHVs) as used by a collaborative group from the University of Nairobi, University of Washington and the Nairobi Metropolitan Mental Health Team during the COVID-19 lockdown in Kenya. This qualitative study describes the experiences of 17 CHVs enrolled in a training study, required to utilize different digital platforms (Google Meet or Jitsi) as a training forum for the first time. Verbatim extracts of the participants’ daily experiences are extracted from a series of write-ups in the group WhatsApp just before the training. Daily failures and success experiences in joining a Google meet or Jitsi are recorded. Then, 17 participants, 10 women and 7 men, aged between 21 and 51 years (mean = 33), owning a smartphone, were enrolled in the study. None had used Jitsi or Google meet before. Different challenges were reported in login to either and a final decision to use Jitsi, which became the training platform. Training CHVs to deliver a psychosocial intervention using smartphones is possible. However, the trainer must establish appropriate and affordable methods when resources are constrained.
Individuating Cognitive Characters: Lessons from Praying Mantises and Plants
Authors: Figdor Carrie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article advances the development of a phylogeny-based psychology in which cognitive ability types are individuated as characters in the evolutionary biological sense. I explain the character concept and its utility in addressing (or dissolving) conceptual problems arising from discoveries of cognitive abilities across a wide range of species. I use the examples of stereopsis in the praying mantis, internal cell-to-cell signaling in plants, and episodic memory in scrub jays to show how anthropocentric cognitive ability types can be reformulated into cognitive characters, thereby promoting the integration of psychology with other sciences of evolved traits.
Predatory drilling on molluscan assemblages along the Patagonian shelf (southern Argentina)
Authors: Gordillo Sandra , Bayer M. Sol 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Both present-day and fossil molluscan assemblages offer an opportunity for a better understanding of the structure and organization of both modern and past benthic communities. In this framework, drill holes are used widely to explore predator–prey interactions. This research focuses on predation marks, especially drill holes, recorded on modern molluscan assemblages in a Patagonian sector of the Argentinean continental shelf. Shelled molluscs (n = 2179) were recovered from 27 to 135 m depths covering a long latitudinal extent (between 39° and 54°S). For each station, taxonomic position, ecological composition and relative abundance of taxa were determined, and then drilling frequency (DF) was calculated to infer drilling intensity. The collected molluscs belong to 37 families, with Veneridae being the most abundant in terms of the number of specimens (n = 419). Specimens with drill holes (n = 226) belong to 21 families (with at least 33 different species). Most of them are suspension feeders (85.8%) and the remaining percentage comprised other trophic types. Naticids and muricids, as main potential predators, together account for 19.6% of the gastropods present in the molluscan assemblages. DF across all the stations was moderate (9.9%) but varied between low (0–2.4%) and high (28.9%). These results do not show a trend linked to latitude or depth, and the great variability of DF between stations suggests that other local ecological or environmental conditions would influence drilling predation at a small spatio-scale.
Structural and resting-state connection abnormalities of habenula in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Liu Qian , Wang Xiang , Cao Yanyuan , Gao Feng , Xia Jie , Du Hongyu , Liao Haiyan , Tan Changlian , Fan Jie , Zhu Xiongzhao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that the habenula (Hb) may be involved in the mechanism of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the specific role of Hb in OCD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the structural and functional abnormalities of Hb in OCD and their relationship with the clinical symptoms.MethodsEighty patients with OCD and 85 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited as the primary dataset. The grey matter volume, resting-state functional connectivity (FC), and effective connectivity (EC) of the Hb were calculated and compared between OCD group and HCs. An independent replication dataset was used to verify the stability and robustness of the results.ResultsPatients with OCD exhibited smaller Hb volume and increased FC of right Hb-left hippocampus than HCs. Dynamic causal model revealed an increased EC from left hippocampus to right Hb and a less inhibitory causal influence from the right Hb to left hippocampus in the OCD group compared to HCs. Similar results were found in the replication dataset.ConclusionsThis study suggested that abnormal structure of Hb and hippocampus-Hb connectivity may contribute to the pathological basis of OCD.
Structure design and kinematic performance of the deployable translational parallel tape-spring manipulator
Authors: Liu Hu , Qin Yawen , Yang Yi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA deployable manipulator has the characteristics of a small installation space and a large workspace, which has great application prospects in small unmanned platforms. Most existing deployable manipulators are designed based on rigid links, whose complexity and mass inevitably increase sharply with increasing numbers of rigid links and joints. Inspired by the remarkable properties of tape springs, this paper proposes novel deployable parallel tape-spring manipulators with low mass, simple mechanics, and a high deployed-to-folded ratio. First, a double C-shaped tape spring is presented to improve the stability of the structure. The combined fixed drive component (CFDC) and combined mobile drive component (CMDC) are designed. Then, novel 2-DOF and 3-DOF deployable translational parallel manipulators are proposed based on the CFDC and CMDC, and their degrees-of-freedom (DOFs), kinematics, and stability are analyzed. The coiled tape spring is regarded as an Archimedean spiral, which can significantly improve the accuracy of kinematic analysis. The correction coefficient of the Euler formula is obtained by comparison with simulation results and experimental results. Furthermore, the stability spaces of the 2-DOF and 3-DOF deployable parallel manipulators are given. Finally, a prototype is fabricated, and experiments are conducted to validate the proposed design and analysis.
The effects of exposure and explicit stereotypes on veracity judgments of Polish-accented English speech: A preregistered close replication and extension of Boduch-Grabka & Lev-Ari (2021)
Authors: Barlow Samantha , Beardsley Greg , Bsharah Zéta , Crofts Robin , De La Rosa Carlos , Gutierrez Andrea , Highfill Carlie , Johnson Amy Gail Wade , Johnson Caroline , Johnson Jacob , Cardenas Isaac Leyva , Martinez Jordan Taylor , Miller Nathaniel Todd , Murray Riley Monroe , Page Sylvia , Petersen Taylor , Ramos Irina , Rhodes Rayvin , Vainuku Phoebe , Wednesday Brenan M. , Farnsworth Emma Corrine , Kim Seung Kyung , Hayes-Harb Rachel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBoduch-Grabka and Lev-Ari (2021) showed that so-called “native” British-English speakers judged statements produced by Polish-accented English speakers as less likely to be true than statements produced by “native” speakers and that prior exposure to Polish-accented English speech modulates this effect. Given the real-world consequences of this study, as well as our commitment to assessing and mitigating linguistic biases, we conducted a close replication, extending the work by collecting additional information about participants’ explicit biases towards Polish migrants in the UK. We did not reproduce the original pattern of results, observing no effect of speaker accent or exposure on comprehension or veracity. In addition, the measure of explicit bias did not predict differential veracity ratings for Polish- and British-accented speech. Although the current pattern of results differs from that of the original study, our finding that neither comprehension nor veracity were impacted by accent or exposure condition is not inconsistent with the Boduch-Grabka and Lev-Ari (2021) processing difficulty account of the accent-based veracity judgment effect. We explore possible explanations for the lack of replication and future directions for this work.
Instrumental Guanxi Culture and Inbound Urban Migration in China: A Prefecture-level Analysis Using Online Search Data
Authors: Fu Zhihui , Liu Shukai , Ju Guodong , Ma Wen , Chen Yunsong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe socioeconomic role of guanxi networks among individuals has been widely recorded, yet macro-level analysis has been sparse in empirical research. This research fills that gap by presenting the first nationally representative evidence illustrating the connection between regional guanxi culture and population mobility among cities in China, with a particular focus on instrumental guanxi culture. To quantify guanxi culture, we employ online search indices related to gift giving, a measure which is challenging to capture through traditional survey data. Applying matched prefecture-level data spanning from 2011 to 2019, the panel model reveals a strong negative correlation between a city's instrumental guanxi culture and inbound migration, while sentimental guanxi culture exhibits a positive correlation with inbound mobility. This research not only adds to the existing theories by exploring the macro-level effects of both instrumental and sentimental guanxi practices but also introduces an innovative method for quantifying guanxi culture through big data analysis.
Political Fact-checking and Its Effects on Public Attitudes: Experimental Evidence from China
Authors: Xiang Chen , Neo Ric 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of political misinformation as propaganda on the legitimacy of the Chinese government. A survey experiment (n = 2,236) was conducted to analyse the effect of positively spun misinformation on citizens’ perceptions and support for the government on two pivotal issues: the economy and air pollution. Results show that spreading positively spun misinformation is beneficial to the regime, as it leads to positive perceptions of the issue and increased support for the government. Interestingly, even when misinformation is exposed through credibly sourced corrections, trust and support for the government remain as high or higher than for the control groups. These effects are significant and hold constant in two issue types, underscoring the strategic value of disseminating positively spun yet false information in China. These findings have rich implications for studies of misinformation and fact-checking in general and China's information politics in particular.
Smells and politics of Utopia
Authors: Babich Babette 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUtopia is nominally a ‘nowhere’ that is also, as Thomas More tells us, a ‘good’ place. Although there are competing cognate notions, the Greek description looms large in most accounts of utopia. The details of this ideal are so specified that utopic literature consists in a catalogue (and critique) of specifications. This essay draws attention to the fragrance attributed to Lucian’s ‘Isles of the Blest’ together with Ivan Illich’s attention to ‘atmosphere’ and to the aura and the nose along with Nietzsche’s emphasis on the sense of smell. Utopic suspicion is discussed as parallels are drawn with pragmatic critiques of utopia as inherently totalitarian along with the ‘good life’ in political theory and the programmatic default of techno-utopic fantasy. In the historical context of ‘conspiracy’ and the politics of living and breathing together in community, I conclude with Illich on pax and breath.
The evolution of bare nouns in the history of French. The view from calibrated corpora
Authors: Larrivée Pierre , Goux Mathieu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the evolution of bare nouns, used without a determiner, through the history of the French language. The loss of bare nouns is charted through calibrated corpora of non-fictional prose texts from the same genres and region, ranging from the 12th to the 19th century. The change is first completed with nouns in subject function, significantly advances with direct objects, and progresses with obliques. The extensive quantitative documentation demonstrates that the change is impacted by the syntactic function of the noun, along the Accessibility Hierarchy. The speculation is examined that the more accessible functions encourage expression of (definite) determiners, thus explaining the pattern of change.
Acute Fetal Metabolomic Changes in Twins Undergoing Fetoscopic Surgery for Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Forde Braxton , Martin Samuel , Watanabe-Chailland Miki , Lim Foong-Yen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFetuses undergo major surgical stress as well as fluid shifts secondary to both twin-twin transfusion (TTTS) as well as the fetoscopic surgery for treatment of TTTS. While the pathophysiology of TTTS is understood, the acute metabolic changes that fetuses experience from fetoscopic surgery are not. We sought to evaluate the changes in recipient metabolomic profile secondary to TTTS surgery. Amniotic fluid was collected at the beginning and end of four TTTS surgical cases performed from 12/2022−2/2023. Samples were immediately processed and evaluated via NMR-based Metabolomics Facility protocol. In univariate analysis, 12 metabolites (glucose, lactate, and 10 key amino acids) showed statistically significant changes between the beginning and end of the surgery. Among these, 11 metabolites decreased at the end, while only lactate increased. Supervised oPLS-DA modeling revealed pyruvate and lactate as the two metabolites most impact on the variance between cases, and that 40% of metabolomic changes could be attributed directly to the timing that the sample was taken (i.e., if pre- or postoperatively). These results indicate significant metabolic changes in the recipient twin during fetoscopic surgery for TTTS. These findings of decreased glucose, increased lactate, and decreased amnio acids would indicate increased catabolism during surgery. This study raises questions regarding optimal maternal and fetal nutrition during surgery and if nutritional status could be optimized to further improve twin survival during fetoscopic surgery.
Ionospheric Plasma Transported Into the Martian Magnetosheath
Authors: Shuvalov Sergey , Andersson Laila , Halekas Jasper S. , Fowler Christopher M. , Hanley Kathleen Gwen , DiBraccio Gina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHeavy cold ions at Mars are gravitationally bound to the planet unless some process provides energy to them. Observations show that cold (<20 eV) and dense (∼>1 cm−3) O+/O2+ ions with bulk velocities equal to energies ∼1 keV can reach deep into the nightside Martian magnetosheath. These ions are co‐located with a change of the sign of the sunward component of the magnetic field. This magnetic field topology implies the persistence of a localized planetary ions escape channel associated with draped magnetic field lines that are convecting tailward. The observed ion populations propagate approximately in the same direction as surrounding magnetosheath flow and are likely to be almost unheated ionospheric ions from low altitudes. The paper discusses planetary ion energization via Hall electric field originated from ions and electron separation associated with magnetic field curvature.
High Spatiotemporal Resolution River Networks Mapping on Catchment Scale Using Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery and DEM Data
Authors: Li Peng , Zhang Yun , Liang Cunren , Wang Houjie , Li Zhenhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCharacterizing and understanding the changes in the flow regimes of rivers have been challenging. Existing global river network data sets are not updated and can only identify rivers wider than 30 m. We propose a novel automated method to map river networks on a monthly basin scale for the first time at 10‐m resolution using Sentinel‐1 Synthetic Aperture Radar, Sentinel‐2 multispectral images, and the AW3D30 Digital Surface Model. This method achieved an overall accuracy of 95.8%. The total length of the Yellow River network produced is 40,280 km, approximately 3.2 times that of the Global River Widths from Landsat (GRWL) database, more effectively covering small and medium rivers. The monthly river geometry revealed a positive correlation between river network area and precipitation. This study is expected to provide a cost‐effective alternative to accurately mapping global river networks and advance our understanding of the changes and drivers of river systems.
Stable Chromium Isotope Fractionation During the Alteration of Abyssal Peridotite: Implications for Marine Chromium Isotope Mass Balance
Authors: Liu Chunyang , Xu Li‐Juan , Ma Haibo , Liu Sheng‐Ao , Liu Ping‐Ping , Wang Xiangli , Li Shuning 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe stable chromium isotope system has been widely used as a redox proxy to reconstruct the oxygenation history of ocean atmosphere systems. However, the Cr isotope mass balance in modern oceans (i.e., inputs and outputs) remains poorly constrained. To investigate the influence of seawater‐peridotite reaction on the global marine Cr isotope mass balance, we report high‐precision Cr isotope data (δ53Cr) on a series of fresh and altered abyssal peridotites from the Gakkel Ridge and the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). The least altered peridotites give a δ53Cr value of −0.08 ± 0.06‰ (2SD, n = 4) for the oceanic mantle which is consistent with the established δ53Cr of the Bulk Silicate Earth. Compared to fresh peridotites, a subset of altered peridotites exhibit a loss of isotopically light Cr with relatively positive δ53Cr values (up to 0.04‰). These altered peridotites are characterized by significant Cr loss and likely have been subject to serpentinization. By contrast, seafloor weathering has limited influence on the Cr concentrations and isotopic compositions of the altered peridotites. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of marine alteration suggest a net Cr flux into seawater from altered abyssal peridotites of ∼3.5 × 108 mol/yr, which is on the same order of magnitude as the riverine input flux of 108–109 mol/yr. Furthermore, the MC results suggest that the peridotite‐sourced net Cr flux has a negative δ53Cr signature (−0.33 ± 0.21‰, 2SD). Thus, seawater‐peridotite interactions must be considered when evaluating the modern oceanic Cr isotope mass balance.