bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improvement of the facsimile data compression factor by loosening the hardware complexity condition
Authors: Ueno Yutaka , Ono Fumitaka , Semasa Takayoshi , Ohnishis Ryoichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn a previous paper, the authors introduced a predictive partition coding scheme—CLAPEL—for the optimization of facsimile data compression using the correlation of neighboring picture elements (pels). In the 'present paper the relationship between the design parameters associated with the hardware scale and the compression factor is investigated. The input documents used in the simulation are the eight test documents recommended by the CCITT. The design parameters are varied; and the corresponding variations in the conditional entropy, the (compression) preserving factor, and the coding efficiency are observed. It is found that within the practical range of hardware scale, the preserving factor depends only on the number of modes if the number of reference pels is increased, and that the adaptive processing is not necessary during the predictive transformation. Several new coding schemes are examined in the examples which indicate that the coding efficiency has a tendency to decrease as the hardware parameters grow. Thus, the relationship between the hardware design parameters and the compression factor is clarified. The objective of this paper is to investigate the data compression factor without considering the processing times of the input and output devices.
Computer simulation for self‐consistent eb proximity effect correction
Authors: Sugiyama Naoshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a computer algorithm to self‐consistently determine exposure correction for the proximity effect which has been recognized to be indispensable in electron‐beam exposure. The usefulness of this method is demonstrated by computer simulation. The previously proposed successive determination of proximity effect correction is not self‐consistent. However, the present method is not only self‐consistent, but also capable of maintaining pattern symmetry. Coupled equations for irradiation intensities to be directed to various figures must be solved. These equations are over‐determined in many cases, and therefore, the least‐square solution with the minimum norm is employed. Since the solution has to be discretized with upper and lower bounds, the problem constitutes a quadratic programming. A modified successive overrelaxation (SOR) method is used to consider the large sparse matrices.
Formulation for the equation describing a passive switched‐capacitor network
Authors: Tanaka Mamoru , Moris Shinsaku 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe coefficient matrices of the describing equations for the passive switched‐capacitor (SC) networks consisting of periodically open/closed switches, capacitors and independent voltage sources can be obtained by using new topological formulas. These topological formulas are derived when the open/close resistances (R, r) of the switch are taken into account, by taking the limit of (R, r) → (χ, 0) for the coefficient matrices of the Laplace‐transformed differential state equations describing the networks. This method differs from the previously used nodal method, in that it does not need matrix inversion calculation so as to express the coefficient matrices in terms of powers of matrices which are simply obtained topologically. It is extremely useful for analysis of the large‐scale passive SC networks.
A digital phase‐locked loop with and filter
Authors: Kurita Taiichiro , Yokoyama Masaki , Mori Shinsaku , Ozawa Shinji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn general, it is known that if the stationary characteristics of a PPL, phase‐locked loop, are improved, its transient response characteristics are deteriorated, while if the transient response characteristics are improved, its stationary characteristics are deteriorated. The DPLL, digital PLL, is not an exception in regards to the features.Here, we will realize a loop which is superior both in the effective phase error and the average transient response time compared with conventional DPLL with less deterioration of the average transient response time caused by improved effective phase error, due to inserting AND filter to the conventional binary quantized DPLL. The characteristics of the proposed loop are analyzed theoretically by use of the Markov chain and confirmed to be identical by computer simulation. These results prove that the proposed loop has better characteristics than the conventional ones.
Linbo3‐ge acoustooptic modulator at 10.6 μ m
Authors: Yasuoka Yoshizumi , Takahashi Terumasa , Miyatas Toyo‐O 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBy use of LiNbO3 and Ge, a 10.6 μm CO2 laser acoustooptic modulator device is fabricated and its acousto‐ and optical‐modulation characteristics are investigated. When epoxy‐type conductive adhesive is applied to LiNbO3 and Ge and the device is annealed thermally at 100° C for more than 20 hours, and the acoustooptic modulator device gives the diffraction efficiency predicted in theory according to the device material and shape. The device yields 8% diffraction efficiency at a driving power of 1W, and 0.11 μs rise time for the case of 1 mm laser beam diameter; when operated below 2W driving power it yields stable operation for a long time.
Algorithm for finding the zeros of very‐high‐degree fir filters using the finite bit method
Authors: Yoshikawa Toshinori , Mitani Masaaki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe communication FIR filters are used in a cascade configuration of several ten degrees to several hundred degrees which require the solution of very‐high‐degree algebraic equations for the analysis. The conventional algorithms enable algebraic equations of about 200 degrees to be solved. This paper proposes a novel algorithm which solves accurately and effectively very‐high‐degree algebraic equations. This algorithm utilizes the finite bit method and is not subject to overflow and underflow. This algorithm is independent of the initial values and can solve algebraic equations of as high as 1000 degrees. The computation time is proportional to the square of the degree.
Analysis of the simultaneous transmission system for a picture and narrowband signals
Authors: Morimoto Sei 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSystematic investigation is made on the noise generated in an FM transmission system for the simultaneous transmission of wideband picture signals and narrowband voice and data facsimile signals. In thermal noise analysis, tradeoffs are carried out between the noise characteristics resulting due to the methods of modulation and multiplexing of narrowband signals. Methods of handling the cross noise and distortion noise, caused by narrowband signals are described. As far as the methods of modulation of the subcarrier wave which corresponds to the narrowband signal are concerned, AM, FM and PSK are considered. The FM and PSK are taken as the focus of present discussion. As far as the distorition noise is concerned, besides the noise of narrowband signal, it is necessary to account for the noise that drops into the picture signal band. The reason for the former is considered mainly to be the differential gain (DG), and the reason for the latter varies depending on the dropping frequency of the noise. The computed values agree very well with the experimental characteristics.For the medium of transmission of multiple signals that include wideband picture signals, the frequency modulation formula has an advantage and the probability of its future development is large.
A new method for enhancing the output energy of pulsed hf chemical lasers
Authors: Fujimoto Haruo , Udagawas Masakazu , Obara Minoru , Fujiokas Tomoo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe HCl chemical laser is extremely useful because of its output wavelength 3.5‐4.0 μm (transparent window of the atmosphere) and its easiness in handling a gas. However, its output is smaller by one digit than the HF laser output. This paper proposes a use of a vibrationally excited H2 as a H donor of HCl and presents the computer simulation result using the equal‐gain model. It is found that the output can be increased considerably if H2 of 10‐2 (1%) is vibrationally excited to v = 1. The laser characteristics (output energy, power, pulse duration, etc.) are calculated under various operating conditions such as initial ignition (the initial H and Cl concentrations), the gas (H2/Cl2) ratio, etc.
Optical heterodyne detection of an airy signal field with a gaussian local‐oscillator field
Authors: Takenaka Takashi , Saga Nobuhiro , Fukumitsus Otozo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe heterodyne efficiency in the optical heterodyne detection of an Airy signal field with a Gaussian local–oscillator field is analyzed with consideration of the effect of wavefront of both fields. The analysis is made for the case where both fields are normally incident on the detection plane. The beam parameters of the local oscillator field which maximizes the heterodyne efficiency are derived for given signal field. When the detection plane radius Γ0 is very large, the effect of the wavefront becomes apparent as F increases for given less aperture and as the effective aperture decreases for given F. The effect of finiteness of the detection plane on the heterodyne efficiency is investigated numerically. The maximum heterodyne efficiency is obtained when Γ0 = 1.13Fλ. The deterioration of the heterodyne efficiency in cases of oblique and off‐axis incidences of the local oscillator field is examined numerically.
Memory mechanism in floating si‐gate tunnel injection mis structure
Authors: Hirose Masataka , Osakas Yukio , Yukitomo Kazuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBy analyzing the writing characteristics of the poly‐Si floating‐gate tunnel injection MIS as a nonvolatile memory device, the memory charge storage site and its density will become clear. A memory diode is fabricated in which the first oxide thickness ∼30Å, the undoped poly‐Si floating gate thickness ∼260Å and the second oxide thickness ∼260Å. Measurement of the flat‐band shift based on constant capacitance tracing method and measurement of the writing charge are conducted simultaneously. Results show that the writing charge centroid on the floating gate varies with the writing time. The memory charge storage sites are seen as the trap states in the poly‐Si so that the charge centroid shift is controlled by the charge‐discharge time constant of the traps. Also the trapping state density is estimated to be 8.3 × 1017 cm‐3.
30/20‐ghz band earth station for domestic satellite communication
Authors: Inoue Takeo , Kuramoto Minoru , Kato Haruhiko , Tanakas Kashio , Kaji Masatake 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA design method, configuration and experimental results using a medium‐capacity communications satellite for experimental purpose (CS) for 30/20‐GHz band earth station are presented. The main features of earth stations are as follows. (1) The system will operate in the 30‐GHz band for up‐path and in the 20‐GHz band for down‐path to avoid interference from and to terrestrial microwave systems. (2) As a low‐noise amplifier for the 20‐GHz band, the helium gas‐cooled unit with noise temperature of 80 K and that of Peltier‐cooled unit with noise temperature of 220 K over the 2.5‐GHz bandwidth have recently been developed. (3) As a 30‐GHz band air‐cooled high‐power amplifier with the output power of 300 W, a traveling wave tube unit and a klystron tube unit both small in size, have recently been developed. (4) The earth stations were designed so as to reduce transmission loss between the antenna and transmitting or receiving RF (radio frequency) equipment.The earth station has high performances. The effective radiation power (EIRP) is greater than 92 dBW and the receiving figure of merit (G/T) is 44 to 45 dB/K. Good transmission characteristics through the satellite link for TDMA with clock rates of 64 Mbps and FM‐TV communications were obtained. The earth station is of practical use.
Detection times and errors of returned optical pulses for satellite ranging
Authors: Suzaki Yasuzi , Tachibanas Atsushi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDue to the recent advancement of the peripheral technology, accuracy of satellite ranging by pulsed lasers is approaching the order of centimeters. However, to obtain such accuracy on the absolute distance btween the ground where the ranging equipment is located and the reference point on the satellite, more accurate evaluations are needed for corrections of various delays contained in the measured values and their errors. This paper discusses the detection time of the weak and distorted reflected wave from the satellite, the delay with respect to the reference point on the satellite, and the detection errors based on the threshold detection. As an example, we studied the case of a spherical satellite of radius 5 m loaded with many uniform reverse reflectors on the surface (corresponding to the ranging satellite GS‐1). It is shown that the error can be reduced to less than the minimum resolving power 0.4 ns (corresponding to 6 cm of the system if more than 15 receivable photons are obtained in the system made of a laser with a pulsewidth 200 ps.
A digital processing for modulation with a sampling rate conversion
Authors: Sue Hiroshi , Hoshiko Yukio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a digital processing method for modulation which consists of sampling rate matching and digital filtering. Processing in a digital modulation system consists of spectrum shifting, filtering and orthogonalization of signals, etc.Because of several sampling rates existing within a modulation system, matching of these sampling rates is vital. Depending on the variation of the sampling rate, the amplitude and higher harmonic distribution of the spectrum of the time‐sequence signal obtained by sampling vary. By utilizing higher harmonics produced by conversion for sampling rate matching, and filtering these harmonics by means of a digital filter, it is possible to shift the spectrum to any arbitrary frequency and orthogonalize the signals.It is shown that a modulation system can be constructed without carrier multiplications. Further, modulation systems that can be processed by this method and processing methods for practical realization are illustrated.
Relations between types of t‐s‐t tdm switching networks and dynamic steps of path hunting
Authors: Saito Tadao , Ogino Nagao , Inoses Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMost of the optimization methods for the design of switching networks aim at optimizing the efficiency of the switch, while paying very little attention to the complexity of the central procedure. It is possible to attain an extremely high switching efficiency in a PCM switching network at the expense of an increased number of steps in path hunting. Since the complexity and the number of steps in path hunting increase with the amount of traffic load, conventional method for the evaluation of path hunting procedures becomes inadequate. This paper describes and evaluates a relatively complex but efficient path hunting procedure. Using this procedure, high switching efficiency can be achieved without a significant increase in the number of hunting steps. Results of the evaluation of the path hunting procedure for some typical T‐S‐T types switching networks are presented.
Electromagnetic scattering by a conducting cylinder located near the conducting plane
Authors: Tabata Kenichi , Kozakis Shogo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRadar detection of an airplane flying near the ground is not possible. To solve this problem, we analyze electromagnetic wave scattering by a conducting cylinder located near the conducting plane. The backward and omnidirectional scattering patterns and field distributions (E and H wave) near the cylinder are derived for the plane wave incidence. A similar analysis is made for a cylindrical wave. The theory is confirmed by a model experiment using a linear current source at 9.6 GHz.
Experimental observation of invariant curves of mapping on forced oscillatory system described by Duffing's equation
Authors: Abe Minoru 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe mapping method is applied to electrical circuits described by Duffing's nonlinear differential equation and the invariant curves are observed under various circuit parameters. The conventional circuit which is described by Duffing's equation consists of a series resonant circuit containing reactors. This circuit has difficulty in realizing nonlinear characteristics because nonlinear terms depend on the magnetization characteristics of the core. It is also difficult to evaluate accurately the attenuation constant of the equation because the eddy current loss and hysteresis loss of the core affect the circuit loss. From the viewpoint described above, this paper proposes a method of constructing nonlinear capacitors with any nonlinear characteristics using operational amplifiers, where the capacitor in the series resonant circuit has nonlinear characteristics. Using this experimental circuit and the invariant‐curve display device proposed previously by the authors, the invariant curves are observed experimentally. The existence of oscillation which correspond to double asymptotic solutions is confirmed.
Microprocessor implementation for bandwidth compression of continuous tone facsimile picture and a proposal of differential plane coding
Authors: Saito Tadao , Yanaka Kazuhisa , Inoses Hiroshi , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Sano Fumio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe research on applying the flexibility of a microprocessor into facsimile has been progressing. In general, it has been considered difficult to realize encoding and decoding processes by a general‐purpose one‐chip microprocessor due to the limitation of its processing capability. However, it is desirable to use flexible software processing for efficient encoding of a tone image or a mixed image between a tone image and characters. In this paper, we show a qualitative limit of an image decoding process by software using a one‐chip microprocessor based on experimental investigation. In addition, we propose differential Plane Coding which is an implementable coding system within this limitation. Especially, it has been proved that an efficient encoding of a mixed image is possible by changing the encoding system in the first differential plane depending on the nature of the image.
Threshold analysis and design of an FMFB demodulator through quasi‐linear approximation
Authors: Iwanami Yasunori , Nemoto Yoshiaki , Satos Risaburo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe FMFB (FM feedback) demodulator with the threshold extension capability is now very important in satellite communications.Despite many works on the FMFB, practical design methods of the FMFB seem to have been greatly dependent on experimental results.In this paper, the FMFB model in which both the open‐loop threshold and the feedback threshold are considered is introduced through the quasi‐linear approximation.The theoretical design method is established using this model, and the design examples are given in the case of Enloe's loop filter to compare with Enloe's design method.
Automatic teg measuring and data processing system
Authors: Kotani Norihiko , Kawazu Satoru , Mitsuhashi Junichi , Yamano Tsuyoshi , Komoris Shinji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWith the increase in integration and density of LSI, it has become necessary to control design and fabrication more precisely than before. In particular, for the precise control of the wafer process, a thorough analysis of element characteristics using test elements group (TEG) is essential. This paper describes a TEG measuring system which is capable of evaluating LSI composed of many elements. This system performs automatic measurements and data processing of wafers utilizing a minicomputer. Since the inputs required for the automatic measurement and data processing are performed in a conversational mode, it is possible to determine the next measuring condition of data processing method while the measured result is being analyzed. By these means, data collection and data processing of various TEGs at the development stage of the LSI can be carried out at a sufficiently satisfactory level. Moreover, by paying careful attention to the man‐machine interface it is possible for those people who are not used to a computer to perform the measurement and data processing easily. By realization of this system the various quantities and different kinds of measuring data required during the LSI development can easily be analyzed within 3 to 30 minutes. This results in a change of the development method of the LSI itself and enables us to perform precise control of the wafer process efficiently.
Analysis of the ferrite image waveguides using a mode matching method
Authors: Yamanaka Yutaka , Araki Kiyomichi , Naito Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFerrite is a non‐reciprocal material which is used in non‐reciprocal devices such as isolators or circulators for the microwave and optical bands. Waveguides containing ferrite, are usually analyzed by 2‐dimensional approximations but not by 3‐dimensional analysis. This paper utilizes a mode‐matching method to analyze ferrite image lines, and the analysis is compared with experiment. First, the mode‐matching method is applied to the mode analysis of a ferrite slab and we find its dispersion and field distribution. These modes are then used to analyze the image waveguide, especially its field patterns, which are quite different from those for the dielectric case; finally its validity is confirmed by experiment.
Microstrip line slot‐array antenna with reduced beam‐tilt
Authors: Nakaoka Kaijiro , Itoh Kiyohiko 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMicrostrip line slot‐array antennas consisting of slots placed on the ground plane on both sides of the microstrip line may be classified into resonant‐ and nonresonant‐types. Both types exhibit a beamtilt—namely, the main beam direction shifts as the operating frequency is changed away from the center frequency. This beam‐tilt causes the gain in the specified direction to degrade rapidly, which is a serious drawback in a system for receiving a signal with a given bandwidth from a fixed direction. To overcome this deficiency, a method available for waveguide slot‐array antennas is used and a design procedure is developed. Further, it is shown experimentally that beam‐tilt is almost nonexistent over a relatively broad frequency range and constant gain is obtained. The gain is higher than that of conventional antennas. Sidelobes are suppressed, especially for nonresonant arrays. The usefulness of the microstrip line slot‐array antenna with a reduced beam‐tilt is demonstrated.
Mnos memory degradation model and its lifetime
Authors: Mizusawa Takeshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe large change in the characteristics of MNOS memory results from the variation of the trapping level charge in the interface of SiO2 and SiN with time. Thus, MNOS memory has the drawback of short life. It is difficult to understand the change in the aging characteristics by means of functional tests, but for digital LSI the operation‐limited supply voltage variation method can be used to characterize the variation of intrinsic device characteristics.In this paper the above‐mentioned method is actually applied to the MNOS memory, and a capacitor charging and discharging model is proposed to quantify the aging‐caused changes. The agreement between the test results and the model, the activation energy for the changes, as well as the calculation method for the lifetime are presented.It is shown that the MNOS device change can be estimated by the operation‐limited supply voltage test method, the magnitude of the change in the characteristics due to aging is modeled as an exponential function exp (‐t/τ) with respect to the time t and time constant τ, which can be shortened with an increase in temperature. Its activation energy is found to be 0.2 eV and the life is proportional to τ.