bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pb2+ adsorption on functionalized biochar nanoparticles: Insights from nanoparticle characterization and kinetic‐isotherm analysis
Authors: Behnam Hedieh , Firouzi Ahmad Farrokhian , Šimůnek Jiří 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere has been an ongoing discussion about whether using functionalized biochar nanoparticles for pollutant removal is practical. The existing uncertainty surrounding functionalized biochar nanoparticles raises questions regarding their effectiveness in unraveling this problem. In this study, functionalized biochar nanoparticles were produced from corn (Zea mays L.) residues and Conocarpus erectus L. wood at 400°C and 700°C using the H2SO4/HNO3 treatment. The synthesized nanoparticles were used to explore their sorption properties for Pb2+. Various adsorption kinetic and isotherm models were evaluated using linear and nonlinear regression techniques. The functionalized biochar nanoparticles originated from wood at 400°C had the largest (80.74 mg g−1) Pb2+ adsorption capacity due to their highest O/C and the most negative zeta potential. In comparison, nanoparticles fabricated from corn residues at 700°C showed the lowest (70.47 mg g−1) Pb2+ adsorption capacity. Pyrolysis temperature affected the sorption process. Functionalized biochar nanoparticles produced at 400°C were more successful in sorbing the pollutant than those fabricated at 700°C. Linear and nonlinear pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models described Pb2+ adsorption kinetics well, indicating the rate‐controlling step. The nonlinear Freundlich model described the equilibrium relationship between adsorbate concentration and capacity, elucidating adsorption site heterogeneity and biochar nanoparticles' affinity for Pb2+. Our study shows that functionalized biochar nanoparticles could help develop procedures for remediating polluted environments.
Bayesian shrinkage models for integration and analysis of multiplatform high‐dimensional genomics data
Authors: Xue Hao , Chakraborty Sounak , Dey Tanujit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the increasing availability of biomedical data from multiple platforms of the same patients in clinical research, such as epigenomics, gene expression, and clinical features, there is a growing need for statistical methods that can jointly analyze data from different platforms to provide complementary information for clinical studies. In this paper, we propose a two‐stage hierarchical Bayesian model that integrates high‐dimensional biomedical data from diverse platforms to select biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes of interest. In the first stage, we use Expectation Maximization‐based approach to learn the regulating mechanism between epigenomics (e.g., gene methylation) and gene expression while considering functional gene annotations. In the second stage, we group genes based on the regulating mechanism learned in the first stage. Then, we apply a group‐wise penalty to select genes significantly associated with clinical outcomes while incorporating clinical features. Simulation studies suggest that our model‐based data integration method shows lower false positives in selecting predictive variables compared with existing method. Moreover, real data analysis based on a glioblastoma (GBM) dataset reveals our method's potential to detect genes associated with GBM survival with higher accuracy than the existing method. Moreover, most of the selected biomarkers are crucial in GBM prognosis as confirmed by existing literature.
Framing effects on sustainable behavior
Authors: Lee Ya‐Ching 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe impacts of climate change are profound and widespread. Investigating the impact of strategic climate change communication is crucial for informing effective communication strategies and ultimately driving meaningful action toward addressing climate change. This research aims to develop effective climate change communication on Facebook with the objective of fostering sustainable behavior. It seeks to accomplish this by evaluating the influence of strategic climate change frames on sustainable behavior intentions and examining the moderating effect of greenwash awareness. We conducted two experimental studies: A 10 (frames) x 2 (greenwash awareness: high vs. low) between‐subject experiment with 710 responses and a 25 (frames) x 2 (greenwash awareness: high vs. low) between‐subject experiment with 1586 responses. Results indicate that communication framed in natural well‐being, sustainable expertise, and environmental frames encouraged sustainable behavior more than other frames. Multiple frames are more persuasive than single frames in increasing the intention of sustainable action. Greenwash awareness exerts moderating impacts on the framing effects. The current research is the first exploration to shed light on framing strategies of climate change communications by taking non‐climate frames and greenwash awareness into consideration. We offer actionable insights into how enterprises can strategically use frames to improve performance and accountability in sustainable development.
Association of hair cortisol concentration with brain‐derived neurotrophic factor gene methylation: The role of sex as a moderator
Authors: Li Zhenxu , Kong Wanji , Park Hye Yoon , Koo Se Jun , Bang Minji , Park Jung Tak , Lee Eun , An Suk Kyoon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHair cortisol concentration (HCC) reflects the long‐term activity of the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis in response to stress. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor DNA methylation (BDNF DNAM) may affect HCC, and sex and Val66Met may contribute to this association. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between HCC and Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) DNAM, and the moderating effects of Val66Met and sex. We recruited 191 healthy young participants (96 women, mean age 23.0 ± 2.6 years) and collected body samples to evaluate HCC, and to determine BDNF DNAM and Val66Met genotypes. We analyzed the effects of BDNF DNAM, sex, and Val66Met on HCC. We also evaluated the associations between BDNF DNAM and HCC in groups separated by sex and genotypes. We found a marked association of BDNF DNAM with HCC across men and women. After dividing the data by sex, a positive correlation of HCC with BDNF DNAM was found only in women. There was no substantial moderation effect of Val66Met genotypes on the association between BDNF DNAM and HCC. Therefore, BDNF DNAM was found to have positive association with HCC only in healthy young women, indicating that sex moderates the association of BDNF DNAM with long‐term HPA axis activity.
Ultrasound of the eye – Part 2: Fundamentals of posterior wall detachment
Authors: Napier Donna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDetachment of the posterior membranes of the eye may occur following trauma or surgery, can result from certain disease processes or just be attributed to the aging process. Irrespective of the cause, all can contribute to visual disturbance. Failure to diagnose and treat such conditions can have permanent effects on a patient's vision if not addressed in a timely manner. Ultrasound proves to be a useful tool to aid in the diagnosis of posterior wall detachments when the operator has a thorough knowledge of ocular structure and function, anatomical landmarks and the common sonographic appearances that differentiate the type of membrane involved in the disease process. Although ocular ultrasound has historically been performed in the emergency or ophthalmology settings, the incidence of ocular ultrasound being undertaken in radiology departments is increasing. Multiple recent studies have observed an increase in the incidence of retinal detachment, the main causative factors being linked to a higher prevalence of myopia and cataract surgeries. The purpose of this article therefore is to provide a comprehensive guide to the anatomical structure of the posterior orbital segment, including surface anatomy and attachment points, and how this can facilitate the correct identification of the different types of posterior membranous detachment based on common sonographic appearances. As such, operators skilled in performing ultrasound of the eye can play a pivotal role in ensuring an appropriate management pathway is achieved by way of accurate interpretation of pathological ultrasound images.
Comparative Study on the Emulsification of Octenyl Succinic Anhydride Modified Sweet Potato Starch: As Macromolecular and Particulate Stabilizers
Authors: Chen Jianyang , Zhu Wei , Chen Qing , Song Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSweet potato is one of the essential starch materials for food and feed world widely. However, its application is limited by the low viscosity and poor stability of native starches. Herein, sweet potato starch is modified by octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) in the aqueous system. The optimization for esterification is studied using response surface methodology. The characteristics of OSA‐modified sweet potato starch are investigated, and its emulsifying properties as macromolecular and particulate stabilizers in the oil‐in‐water systems are compared. The optimal process conditions for OSA modification are: reaction time 4.0 h, temperature 38.8 °C, pH of the reaction system 8.2, starch concentration 32.2%, OSA amount 3.0%. The degree of substitution is 0.0185, and reaction efficiency is 79.7% under the optimum conditions. The new peaks at 1725 and 1573 cm−1 are observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Compared with native starch, OSA‐modified sweet potato starch exhibits higher viscosities, improved paste clarity, and decreased retrogradation. The confocal laser scanning microscope results show that the gelatinized starch macromolecule and ungelatinized starch particles can arrange at the water–oil interface. The OSA‐modified sweet potato starch is both an effective macromolecular emulsifier and a particulate stabilizer, effectively stabilizing oil‐in‐water emulsions.
Improvements in lightweight concrete T beams CFRP strengthened and anchored with U‐wraps
Authors: Zaki Mohammed A. , Rasheed Hayder A. , Mitsios Konstantinos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research provides a study for an experimental program using sand‐perlite‐lightweight reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened and anchored with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials. The main objective of this work is to showcase the efficiency of using U‐wrap anchors to secure the externally applied CFRP sheets on lightweight RC beams. A series of six full‐scale T‐beams with an increasing number of CFRP U‐wraps per shear span was prepared and tested. The use of U‐wrap anchorage enhanced the flexural performance of the sand‐lightweight concrete beams by progressively delaying the premature debonding of CFRP sheets as a direct function of the number of U‐wraps used per shear span. The beam flexural capacity gradually improved from 116 kN without the use of U‐wrap anchors to 182 kN when using six U‐wraps per shear span, which reflects a significant enhancement. Similarly, the ultimate deflection gradually improved from 56 mm for the beam without U‐wrap anchors to 94 mm when applying six U‐wraps per shear span. A design model established earlier, for normal weight concrete, has been successfully qualified to yield accurate findings against the experimental results. Also, the outcome of this study interestingly showed that the ultimate strength results of the anchored beams were close to their counterparts of normal weight concrete conducted on identical beams. This finding shows that U‐wrap anchors performed efficiently despite the lack of coarse aggregate interlock in the concrete mix.
Is Delicata Krammer a validly published genus name? Trying to put light on Article 20.2
Authors: da Silva Weliton José 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThis paper delves into the intricacies of botanical nomenclature, specifically focusing on the interpretation and application of Art. 20.2 of the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN). It critically analyzes the case of Delicata Krammer, against the backdrop of Art. 20.2. The investigation shows that Delicata does not coincide with any established Latin technical term used in morphology and hence fulfills the ICN requirements, confirming its validity. This finding highlights the need for clearer guidelines in distinguishing descriptive Latin terms from technical terms used in morphology. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse in botanical taxonomy by advocating for revised practices and interpretations of nomenclatural rules, ensuring stability and precision in the naming of taxa.
Decreases in the number of microglia and neural circuit dysfunction elicited by developmental exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides in mice
Authors: Namba Kaede , Tominaga Takashi , Ishihara Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeonicotinoids are insecticides widely used in the world. Although neonicotinoids are believed to be toxic only to insects, their developmental neurotoxicity in mammals is a concern. Therefore, we examined the effects of developmental exposure to neonicotinoids on immune system in the brain and post‐developmental behaviors in this study. Imidacloprid or clothianidin was orally administered to dams at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg/day from embryonic day 11 to postnatal day 21. Imidacloprid decreased sociability, and both imidacloprid and clothianidin decreased locomotor activity and induced anxiety, depression and abnormal repetitive behaviors after the developmental period. There was no change in the number of neurons in the hippocampus of mice exposed to imidacloprid. However, the number and activity of microglia during development were significantly decreased by imidacloprid exposure. Imidacloprid also induced neural circuit dysfunction in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus during the early postnatal period. Exposure to imidacloprid suppressed the expression of csf1r during development. Collectively, these results suggest that developmental exposure to imidacloprid decreases the number and activity of microglia, which can cause neural circuit dysfunction and abnormal behaviors after the developmental period. Care must be taken to avoid exposure to neonicotinoids, especially during development.
Exploring the association between acute pancreatitis and biliary tract cancer: A large‐scale population‐based matched cohort study
Authors: Selin Daniel , Maret‐Ouda John , Oskarsson Viktor , Lindblad Mats , Arnelo Urban , Holmberg Marcus , Yang Bei , Sema Kristiana , Nilsson Magnus , Sadr‐Azodi Omid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundBiliary tract cancer (BTC) often goes undetected until its advanced stages, resulting in a poor prognosis. Given the anatomical closeness of the gallbladder and bile ducts to the pancreas, the inflammatory processes triggered by acute pancreatitis might increase the risk of BTC.ObjectiveTo assess the association between acute pancreatitis and the risk of BTC.MethodsUsing the Swedish Pancreatitis Cohort (SwePan), we compared the BTC risk in patients with a first‐time episode of acute pancreatitis during 1990–2018 to a 1:10 matched pancreatitis‐free control group. Multivariable Cox regression models, stratified by follow‐up duration, were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for socioeconomic factors, alcohol use, and comorbidities.ResultsBTC developed in 0.94% of 85,027 acute pancreatitis patients and in 0.23% of 814,993 controls. The BTC risk notably increased within 3 months of hospital discharge (HR 82.63; 95% CI: 63.07–108.26) and remained elevated beyond 10 years of follow‐up (HR 1.82; 95% CI: 1.35–2.47). However, the long‐term risk of BTC subtypes did not increase with anatomical proximity to the pancreas, with a null association for gallbladder and extrahepatic tumors. Importantly, patients with acute pancreatitis had a higher occurrence of early‐stage BTC within 2 years of hospital discharge than controls (13.0 vs. 3.6%; p‐value <0.01).ConclusionOur nationwide study found an elevated BTC risk in acute pancreatitis patients; however, the risk estimates for BTC subtypes were inconsistent, thereby questioning the causality of the association. Importantly, the amplified detection of early‐stage BTC within 2 years after a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis underscores the necessity for proactive BTC surveillance in these patients.
Effects of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) oil on growth performance, haemato‐biochemical and histopathology of cypermethrin‐intoxicated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Öz Mustafa , Inanan Burak Evren , Üstüner Enes , Karagoz Betül , Dikel Suat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhen pesticides are introduced into wetlands by agriculture, fish quickly absorb them through their gills. Pesticides reduce hatchability, impede growth, and antioxidant response, killing fish. Therefore, it's crucial to find effective pesticide mitigation methods for fish.ObjectiveIn this study, the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) oil on the growth, haematology, biochemistry and histopathology parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to cypermethrin toxicity were investigated.MethodsIn the research, cypermethrin was added to the water of the experimental groups at a rate of 1:20 of the LC50 value, and 1.00% garlic oil was added to the fish feed. Fish with an initial weight of 30.26 ± 0.26 g were fed for 45 days.ResultsAt the end of feeding, the final weights were determined as 69.39 ± 0.41 (G1), 61.81 ± 0.65 (G2), 82.25 ± 0.36 (G3), and 75.04 ± 0.68 (G4) grams, respectively. Histopathological examinations revealed serious lesions in the gill, liver, brain, and muscle tissues in the cypermethrin group, whereas these lesions were minimal or absent in the garlic oil group.ConclusionsGarlic oil supplementation had positive effects on growth, haematology, blood biochemistry, hepatosomatic index and histopathological parameters. These findings suggest that garlic oil is a potential protective agent against cypermethrin toxicity.
Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy outcomes across a low‐and middle‐income country metropolitan health service
Authors: Booyse Karien , Lindemann Jessica , Calitz Mariska , Bernon Marc , Jonas Eduard , Kloppers Christo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) is a safe alternative for difficult cholecystectomies to prevent bile duct injury and open conversion. The primary aim was to detail the use and outcomes on LSCs.MethodsRetrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Relative clinical factors, outcomes, and 30‐day follow‐up between LSC and LC were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsSix hundred and twenty four cholecystectomies were performed and 53 (8.5%) required LSC. 81.8% were fenestrating LSC. Male sex was significantly overrepresented in the LSC group (p < 0.01) and patients requiring LSC were significantly older (p < 0.01). Same admission cholecystectomy was associated with a higher risk of LSC (p < 0.01). Patients with a history of previous surgery, preoperative ERCP, or percutaneous cholecystostomy had an increased risk of undergoing LSC (p < 0.01). A necrotic gallbladder was the most significant predictor of the need for a LSC (p < 0.001). A contracted gallbladder, extensive adhesions, gallbladder empyema, and severe inflammation were significant predictors of difficulty (all p < 0.01). Postoperative complications occurred in 26.4% of LSC patients. There were ten (18.9%) Clavien–Dindo Grade III complications, 5.7% required ERCPs, and 9.4% required relook laparotomies. Significantly, more patients in the LSC group developed bile leaks (n = 8, 15%) (p < 0.001). There were two readmissions within 30 days, one mortality, and no BDIs occurred in the LSC cohort.ConclusionLSC provides a feasible surgical option that should be utilized in complex cholecystitis.
Effect of magnetic field on viscous flow through porous wavy channel using boundary element method
Authors: Chhabra Vishal , Nishad Chandra Shekhar , Sahni Manoj 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe study aims to investigate the effect of uniform inclined magnetic field on two‐dimensional flow of a steady, viscous incompressible fluid at low Reynolds number through a porous wavy channel. We consider a channel having sinusoidal walls filled with a fully saturated porous medium. The porous regime is assumed to be homogenous and isotropic. The viscous flow through a porous regime is governed by Brinkman equation, where the viscous forces are dominant. This allows us to assume the no‐slip boundary conditions at the walls of the wavy channel. Boundary element method (BEM) based on non‐primitive variables namely, stream function‐vorticity variables is used to solve the Brinkman equation. Further, we consider a very small magnetic Reynolds number to eliminate the magnetic‐induced equation. We analyzed that an increase in Hartman number, porosity, and reduction in inclination angle of magnetic field, wave amplitude, and Darcy number led to a reduction in horizontal velocity, whereas an increase in Hartman number, porosity, wave amplitude, and decrease in Darcy number and angle of inclination of magnetic field led to an increase in vertical velocity. Moreover, the flow reversal phenomena occur in the vicinity of the crest regime of the porous wavy channel for high wave amplitude and low Hartman number. The proposed investigation has widespread applications, such as drug delivery systems to target the drug precisely, magneto‐hydrodynamic pumps to regulate the blood flow in artificial hearts to reduce the risk of blood clotting, and so forth.
A compendium of logarithmic corrections in AdS/CFT
Authors: Bobev Nikolay , David Marina , Hong Junho , Reys Valentin , Zhang Xuao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the logarithmic corrections to various CFT partition functions in the context of the AdS4/CFT3 correspondence for theories arising on the worldvolume of M2-branes. We utilize four-dimensional gauged supergravity and heat kernel methods and present general expressions for the logarithmic corrections to the gravitational on-shell action and black hole entropy for a number of different supergravity backgrounds. We outline several subtle features of these calculations and contrast them with a similar analysis of logarithmic corrections performed directly in the eleven-dimensional uplift of a given four-dimensional supergravity background. We find results consistent with AdS/CFT provided that the infinite sum over KK modes on the internal space is regularized in a specific manner. This analysis leads to an explicit expression for the logarithmic correction to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of large Kerr-Newmann and Reissner-Nordström black holes in AdS4. Our results also have important implications for effective field theory coupled to gravity in AdS4 and for the existence of scale-separated AdS4 vacua in string theory, which come in the form of new constraints on the field content and mass spectrum of matter fields.
Light quark mediated Higgs boson production in association with a jet at the next-to-next-to-leading order and beyond
Authors: Liu Tao , Penin Alexander A. , Rehman Abdur 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the light quark effect on the Higgs boson production in association with a jet at the LHC in the intermediate transverse momentum region between the quark and the Higgs boson mass scales. Though the effect is suppressed by the small Yukawa coupling, it is enhanced by large logarithms of the quark mass ratio to the Higgs boson mass or transverse momentum. Following a remarkable success of the logarithmic expansion [40] for the prediction of the next-to-next-to-leading bottom quark contribution to the total cross section of the Higgs boson production we extend the analysis to its kinematical distributions. A new factorization formula is derived for the light quark mediated gg → Hg amplitudes and the differential cross section of the process is computed in the logarithmic approximation, which is used for an estimate of the bottom quark effect at the next-to-next-to-leading order.