bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable and High‐performance Flow H2‐O2 Fuel Cells with Coupled Acidic Oxygen Reduction and Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Shi Lei , Liu Dong , Lin Xuanni , Cheng Ruyi , Liu Feng , Kim Changmin , Hu Chuangang , Qiu Jieshan , Amal Rose , Dai Liming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConventional H2‐O2 fuel cells suffer from the low output voltage, insufficient durability, and high‐cost catalysts (e.g., noble metals). Herein, this work reports a conceptually new coupled flow fuel cell (CF‐FC) by coupling asymmetric electrolytes for acidic oxygen reduction reaction and alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction. By introducing an electrochemical neutralization energy, the newly‐developed CF‐FCs possess a significantly increased theoretical open‐circuit voltage. Specifically, a CF‐FC based on a typical transition metal single‐atom Fe‐N‐C cathode catalyst demonstrates a high electricity output up to 1.81 V and durability with an ultrahigh retention of 91% over 110 h, far superior to the conventional fuel cells (usually, < 1.0 V, < 50% retention over 20 h). The output performance can even be significantly enhanced easily by connecting multiple CF‐FCs into the parallel, series, or combined parallel‐series connections at a fractional cost of that for the conventional H2‐O2 fuel cells, showing great potential for large‐scale practical applications. Thus, this study provides a platform to transform conventional fuel cell technology through the rational design and development of advanced energy conversion and storage devices by coupling different electrocatalytic reactions.
Bio‐Inspired Camouflage Skin with Photonic Crystal Structure and Size‐Confinement Effect
Authors: Gong Yanting , Li Peifang , Peng Zhigang , Chen Shuoguo , Liu Chengfang , Cheng Tao , Fan Jiye , Niu Jian , Lai Wen‐Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCamouflage skin holds immense potential for a variety of advanced applications, such as artificial intelligence, soft robotics, and flexible/wearable electronics. Currently, most existing materials for constructing camouflage skin are mainly based on inorganic materials with an inverse opal scaffold, which significantly limits their further development because of the poor mechanical properties and environmental instability. Inspired by rana slvaticas, a new type of camouflage skin based on one‐dimentional (1D) photonic crystal (PC) gel is designed and synthesized, which combines the advantages of 1D PC structures with 3D flexible gels in a single skin device. Taking advantage of the unique structures, the resulting camouflage skins demonstrated attractive properties, including excellent mechanical performance, self‐adaptive camouflage capabilities, and long‐term stability in ambient conditions. Specifically, the camouflage skin can quickly recognize and match the background by modulating the optical signals of external stimuli. The synergistic effect of the glycerol, the dodecyl glycerol itaconate (DGI), and the nano‐space structures altogether contribute to the outstanding long‐term environmental stability of the camouflage skin. Overall, by combining the bio‐inspired concept and molecular engineering strategy, camouflage skin based on PC gels is synthesized, which greatly enriched the application and development in the smart skins field.
Oxidative Alkenylation of (Hetero)aromatics with Unactivated Alkenes: Control of the Reaction Selectivity
Authors: Hu Chenhui , Xiang Keyu , Ying Tao , Yu Jingbo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlkenylbenzene skeletons represent one of the most widely occurring structural motifs in pharmaceutical drugs, natural products, and advanced materials. The construction of alkenylbenzenes is promising through the use of a straightforward oxidative alkenylation protocol, particularly from unactivated alkenes. This is significant because unactivated alkenes are inexpensive raw materials that can be obtained in bulk quantities from petrochemical feedstocks and renewable resources. However, controlling the reactivity and regioselectivity of olefination with unbiased olefins remains a significant challenge, necessitating continuous efforts and potentially having a substantial impact on both organic synthesis and the industry. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest advances in regiocontrol strategies for oxidative alkenylation reactions with unactivated alkenes, which can be categorized into three types: 1) ligand‐promoted/accelerated reactions; 2) prefunctionalized olefins‐facilitated reactions; 3) directing group‐induced reactions.
A Stretchable and Tough Conductive Elastic Film for Multifunctional Flexible Strain Gauges
Authors: Wu Qirui , Chen Anbang , Chen Yujia , Zhang Jiayu , Han Songjiu , Huang Jianren , Yang Xiaoxiang , Guan Lunhui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs an important branch of modern science and technology, flexible sensor combines the functions of traditional sensors with the characteristics of flexible materials to meet the needs of modern electronic devices for lightweight, flexible and wearable characteristics. However, flexible sensors are faced with problems such as poor stability and weak anti‐interference ability in extreme environments. Here, a strategy of combining thermoplastic polyurethane and conductive carbon black is adopted to obtain conductive elastic film with good conductivity and excellent mechanical properties (TPU@CB film). TPU@CB film exhibits very good mechanical strength (8 MPa). When TPU@CB film is assembled into a sensor, it exhibits wide detection range (600%), low detection limit (0.05%) and short response time (15 ms). Notably, the TPU@CB film demonstrates clear detection capabilities for both ECG and EMG signals of the human body when utilized as an electrode patch. Thanks to lithography, TPU@CB film is machined into strain gauge shape. TPU@CB strain gauge achieves a high signal‐to‐noise ratio and can detect a wide range of frequency vibrations from 0 to 900 Hz, as well as accurately detect the speed of the motor. This provides a feasible way to promote the development of flexible electronics.
Diazo Quinone: An Effective Phenolic Precursor for Building C(sp2)−C(sp2) Bonds
Authors: Wu Kai , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhenolic biaryl and styryl moieties are important structural motifs in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials. Traditional cross‐coupling often requires pre‐functional substrates and is accompanied by generation of organometallic by‐products. In recent years, diazo quinone has become a new type of high‐efficiency phenolic coupling reagent for the preparation of phenolic biaryl and styryl compounds. This is because it can be used to construct C(sp2)−C(sp2) bonds in an environment‐friendly (transition‐metal‐free) or more direct way. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the field of transition‐metal‐free cross‐coupling reactions of diazo quinones with organoboranes and transition‐metal catalyzed quinoid carbene C(sp2)−H arylation reactions.
Cortical Thickness Patterns of Cognitive Impairment Phenotypes in Drug‐Resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Miron Gadi , Müller Paul Manuel , Hohmann Louisa , Oltmanns Frank , Holtkamp Martin , Meisel Christian , Chien Claudia 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveIn temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), a taxonomy classifying patients into 3 cognitive phenotypes has been adopted: minimally, focally, or multidomain cognitively impaired (CI). We examined gray matter (GM) thickness patterns of cognitive phenotypes in drug‐resistant TLE and assessed potential use for predicting postsurgical cognitive outcomes.MethodsTLE patients undergoing presurgical evaluation were categorized into cognitive phenotypes. Network edge weights and distances were calculated using type III analysis of variance F‐statistics from comparisons of GM regions within each TLE cognitive phenotype and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy participants. In resected patients, logistic regression models (LRMs) based on network analysis results were used for prediction of postsurgical cognitive outcome.ResultsA total of 124 patients (63 females, mean age ± standard deviation [SD] = 36.0 ± 12.0 years) and 117 healthy controls (63 females, mean age ± SD = 36.1 ± 12.0 years) were analyzed. In the multidomain CI group (n = 66, 53.2%), 28 GM regions were significantly thinner compared to healthy controls. Focally impaired patients (n = 37, 29.8%) showed 13 regions, whereas minimally impaired patients (n = 21, 16.9%) had 2 significantly thinner GM regions. Regions affected in both multidomain and focally impaired patients included the anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, medial temporal, and lateral temporal regions. In 69 (35 females, mean age ± SD = 33.6 ± 18.0 years) patients who underwent surgery, LRMs based on network‐identified GM regions predicted postsurgical verbal memory worsening with a receiver operating curve area under the curve of 0.70 ± 0.15.InterpretationA differential pattern of GM thickness can be found across different cognitive phenotypes in TLE. Including magnetic resonance imaging with clinical measures associated with cognitive profiles has potential in predicting postsurgical cognitive outcomes in drug‐resistant TLE. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:984–997
Polarized Ultrathin BN Induced Dynamic Electron Interactions for Enhancing Acidic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Hao Yixin , Hung Sung‐Fu , Tian Cheng , Wang Luqi , Chen Yi‐Yu , Zhao Sheng , Peng Kang‐Shun , Zhang Chenchen , Zhang Ying , Kuo Chun‐Han , Chen Han‐Yi , Peng Shengjie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeveloping ruthenium‐based heterogeneous catalysts with an efficient and stable interface is essential for enhanced acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report a defect‐rich ultrathin boron nitride nanosheet support with relatively independent electron donor and acceptor sites, which serves as an electron reservoir and receiving station for RuO2, realizing the rapid supply and reception of electrons. Through precisely controlling the reaction interface, a low OER overpotential of only 180 mV (at 10 mA cm−2) and long‐term operational stability (350 h) are achieved, suggesting potential practical applications. In situ characterization and theoretical calculations have validated the existence of a localized electronic recycling between RuO2 and ultrathin BN nanosheets (BNNS). The electron‐rich Ru sites accelerate the adsorption of water molecules and the dissociation of intermediates, while the interconnection between the O‐terminal and B‐terminal edge establishes electronic back‐donation, effectively suppressing the over‐oxidation of lattice oxygen. This study provides a new perspective for constructing a stable and highly active catalytic interface.
Probing Coordination Number of Single‐Atom Catalysts by d‐Band Center‐Regulated Luminescence
Authors: Guan Weijiang , Cheng Weiwei , Pei Shuxin , Chen Xuebo , Yuan Zhiqin , Lu Chao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt is essential to probe the coordination number (CN) because it is a crucial factor to ensure the catalytic capability of single‐atom catalysts (SACs). Currently, synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is widely used to measure the CN. However, the scarcity of synchrotron X‐ray source and complicated data analysis restrict its wide applications in determining the CN of SACs. In this contribution, we have developed a d‐band center‐regulated acetone cataluminescence (CTL) probe for a rapid screening of the CN of Pt‐SACs. It is disclosed that the CN‐triggered CTL is attributed to the fact that the increased CN could induce the downward shift of d‐band center position, which assists the acetone adsorption and promotes the subsequent catalytic reaction. In addition, the universality of the proposed acetone‐CTL probe is verified by determining the CN of Fe‐SACs. This work has opened a new avenue for exploring an alternative to synchrotron XAS for the determination of CN of SACs and even conventional metal catalysts through d‐band center‐regulated CTL.
Wet spinning of chitin nanowhiskers: Effects of electrolyte composition in coagulation baths on mechanical properties and nanowhisker orientation
Authors: Araki Jun , Nakajima Minami 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFibers composed solely of chitin nanowhiskers (ChNWs) with extreme uniaxial orientation can be successfully wet‐spun into coagulation baths containing 70% ethanol and various types of electrolytes (LiCl, HCl, NaCl, and MgSO4) with ionic strengths (J) of 0.075–0.3. The obtained fibers exhibited high ChNW orientation with degrees of orientation (S) ranging from 0.77 to 0.96. Fibers produced using NaCl‐containing coagulation baths contained residual NaCl crystals that were subsequently removed by rinsing. In contrast, LiCl and MgSO4, which originated from the corresponding baths and similarly remained within the fibers, did not crystallize due to hygroscopic deliquescence and the adaptation of SO42− ions for potential ionic crosslinking, respectively. Spinning with LiCl‐containing baths yielded fibers with maximum Young's modulus, stress at break, and strain at break of 7.9 ± 0.6 GPa, 58.8 MPa, and 1.13%, respectively. These mechanical properties of the unwashed fibers improved with J, while washing out the residual electrolytes and subsequent drying led to a decrease in the Young's modulus and an increase in the stress at break and strain at break. An increase in S was observed only in the fibers obtained using baths with J ≥ 0.3.
Nanoflower hydroxyapatite's effect on the properties of resin‐based dental composite
Authors: Sağır Kadir , Aydınoğlu Aysu , Hazar Yoruç Afife Binnaz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo investigate the reinforcing effect of nanoflower‐like hydroxyapatite (NFHA) in resin‐based dental composites, we synthesized a novel NFHA using microwave irradiation (MW), hydrothermal treatment (HT), and sonochemical synthesis (SS). Silanized NFHA was then used as the reinforcing filler in dental resin composites. We characterized the structure and morphology of various HA nanostructures using x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and TEM. The mechanical performance of dental resin composites reinforced with silanized NFHA was measured using a universal testing machine. Spherical HA, synthesized through chemical precipitation (CP), served as the control group. One‐way analysis of variance was employed for the statistical analysis of the acquired data. The results demonstrate that the nanoflower morphology significantly was improved mechanical and physical properties. After conducting trials, the NFHA synthesized using MW and HT showed a substantial enhancement in mechanical and physical properties compared to the other structures. Therefore, it can be concluded that NFHA can serve as a novel reinforcing HA filler, providing regenerative properties to resin composites with sufficient mechanical strength.
‘Staying Hot’: Investigating the influence of overnight conditions on the penile skin temperature during male sexual arousal—A novel methodology for nocturnal erection detection
Authors: Torenvlied Hille J. , Trip Evelien , Olthuis Wouter , Segerink Loes I. , Beck Jack J. H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the impact of overnight environmental conditions on erectile penile temperature within a controlled setting, with the aim of investigating the feasibility of using temperature measurements for nocturnal erection detection in erectile dysfunction diagnostics.Subjects/patients and methodsWe conducted a proof‐of‐concept study involving 10 healthy male participants aged 20 to 25. The study was carried out at the Department of Urology, St. Antonius Ziekenhuis, the Netherlands. Penile temperature thermistor measurements were taken during visually aroused erections of participants in naked state and in simulated overnight condition (underwear and blankets). Main outcome variables were peak and baseline temperature during erectile periods. To minimize the impact of differences in erectile strength and duration between consecutive measurements, we applied randomization to the order of the environmental conditions.ResultsWe observed a significant increase in penile temperature during erection in both the naked (p < 0.01) and simulated overnight condition (p < 0.01). The mean temperature increase was 1.70 and 0.67°C, respectively. While penile temperature returned to baseline immediately after naked erections, the ‘Staying Hot effect’ was noted in the simulated overnight condition measurements, where the temperature remained elevated at peak temperature for the entire 30‐min period following the erection.ConclusionsThe findings from this study indicate that the penile temperature not only significantly increases during naked sexual arousal but is also detectable under simulated overnight conditions. This underscores the potential of using temperature measurements for nocturnal erection detection, representing a crucial initial step in developing a modernized, non‐invasive sensor system for ambulatory erectile dysfunction diagnostics. Further research, including an overnight study, is needed to gain insights into the feasibility of utilizing penile temperature measurements for nocturnal erection detection and to assess the impact of the ‘Staying Hot effect’ on subsequent erection detection.
NIR spectroscopy—CNN‐enabled chemometrics for multianalyte monitoring in microbial fermentation
Authors: Banerjee Shantanu , Mandal Shyamapada , Jesubalan Naveen G. , Jain Rijul , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs the biopharmaceutical industry looks to implement Industry 4.0, the need for rapid and robust analytical characterization of analytes has become a pressing priority. Spectroscopic tools, like near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, are finding increasing use for real‐time quantitative analysis. Yet detection of multiple low‐concentration analytes in microbial and mammalian cell cultures remains an ongoing challenge, requiring the selection of carefully calibrated, resilient chemometrics for each analyte. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is a puissant tool for processing complex data and making it a potential approach for automatic multivariate spectral processing. This work proposes an inception module‐based two‐dimensional (2D) CNN approach (I‐CNN) for calibrating multiple analytes using NIR spectral data. The I‐CNN model, coupled with orthogonal partial least squares (PLS) preprocessing, converts the NIR spectral data into a 2D data matrix, after which the critical features are extracted, leading to model development for multiple analytes. Escherichia coli fermentation broth was taken as a case study, where calibration models were developed for 23 analytes, including 20 amino acids, glucose, lactose, and acetate. The I‐CNN model result statistics depicted an average R2 values of prediction 0.90, external validation data set 0.86 and significantly lower root mean square error of prediction values ∼0.52 compared to conventional regression models like PLS. Preprocessing steps were applied to I‐CNN models to evaluate any augmentation in prediction performance. Finally, the model reliability was assessed via real‐time process monitoring and comparison with offline analytics. The proposed I‐CNN method is systematic and novel in extracting distinctive spectral features from a multianalyte bioprocess data set and could be adapted to other complex cell culture systems requiring rapid quantification using spectroscopy.
Unlocking the link between low emission supply chains, blockchain adoption, and financial success: The payoff of socially responsible practices in supply chains
Authors: Bhattacharjee Amitab , Jahanshahi Asghar Afshar , Chakraborty Sudip 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe adoption of environmentally and socially responsible practices, particularly in the form of low‐emission supply chain management (LESCM), has become increasingly vital for businesses globally. Renewable energy‐oriented LESCM practices are effective tools for proactive and leading manufacturing organizations, making them socially and environmentally responsible enterprises. In this context, our research focuses on understanding how LESCM implementation by companies may indirectly impact firms' financial success, through facilitating the adoption of blockchain technology (BT). Furthermore, we investigated the impact of the adoption of BT on reducing business operating costs and improving the business's environmental performance. To answer these research questions, we have used survey data from 189 Bangladeshi manufacturing firms, a developing country facing unique challenges and opportunities in the realm of sustainable business practices. Through rigorous analysis and robust statistical methods, we substantiate our hypotheses, shedding light on the positive associations between LESCM practices, BT adoption, financial performance, cost reduction, and environmental sustainability.
Defect engineering in transition‐metal (Fe, Co, and Ni)‐based electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Wu Kaili , Lyu Chaojie , Cheng Jiarun , Ding Weifan , Wu Jiwen , Wang Qian , Lau Woon‐Ming , Zheng Jinlong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic water splitting seems to be an efficient strategy to deal with increasingly serious environmental problems and energy crises but still suffers from the lack of stable and efficient electrocatalysts. Designing practical electrocatalysts by introducing defect engineering, such as hybrid structure, surface vacancies, functional modification, and structural distortions, is proven to be a dependable solution for fabricating electrocatalysts with high catalytic activities, robust stability, and good practicability. This review is an overview of some relevant reports about the effects of defect engineering on the electrocatalytic water splitting performance of electrocatalysts. In detail, the types of defects, the preparation and characterization methods, and catalytic performances of electrocatalysts are presented, emphasizing the effects of the introduced defects on the electronic structures of electrocatalysts and the optimization of the intermediates' adsorption energy throughout the review. Finally, the existing challenges and personal perspectives of possible strategies for enhancing the catalytic performances of electrocatalysts are proposed. An in‐depth understanding of the effects of defect engineering on the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts will light the way to design high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for water splitting and other possible applications.
From Neutral Diarsenes to Diarsene Radical Ions and Diarsene Dications
Authors: Weinert Hanns Micha , Wölper Christoph , Radović Aleksa , Cutsail George E. , Siera Hannah , Haberhauer Gebhard , Schulz Stephan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiarsene [L(MeO)GaAs]2 (L=HC[C(Me)N(Ar)]2, Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, 4) reacts with MeOTf and MeNHC (MeNHC=1,3,4,5‐tetra‐methylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) to the diarsene [L(TfO)GaAs]2 (5) and the carbene‐coordinated diarsene [L(MeO)GaAsAs(MeNHC)Ga(OMe)L] (6). The NHC‐coordination results in an inversion of the redox properties of the diarsene 4, which shows only a reversible reduction event at E1/2=−2.06 V vs Fc0/+1, whereas the carbene‐coordinated diarsene 6 shows a reversible oxidation event at E1/2=−1.31 V vs Fc0/+1. Single electron transfer reactions of 4 and 6 yielded [K[2.2.2.]cryp][L(MeO)GaAs]2 (8) and [L(MeO)GaAsAs(MeNHC)‐Ga(OMe)L][B(C6F5)4] (9) containing the radical anion [L(MeO)GaAs]2⋅− (8⋅−) and the NHC‐coordinated radical cation [L(MeO)GaAsAs(MeNHC)Ga(OMe)L]⋅+ (9⋅+), respectively, while the salt‐elimination reaction of the triflate‐coordinated diarsene 5 with Na[B(C6F5)4] gave [LGaAs]2[B(C6F5)4]2 (11) containing the dication [LGaAs]22+ (112+). Compounds 1–11 were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, EPR (8, 9), IR, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy and by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (sc‐XRD). DFT calculations provided a detailed understanding of the electronic nature of the diarsenes (4, 6) and the radical ions (8⋅−, 9⋅+), respectively.