bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refinement of dendritic and synaptic networks in the rodent anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex: Critical impact of early and late social experience
Authors: Bock Jörg , Murmu Reena Prity , Ferdman Neta , Leshem Micah , Braun Katharina 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe process of weaning programs the neurobehavioral development and therefore provides a critical formative period for adult behavior. However, the neural substrates underlying these behavioral changes are largely unknown. To test the hypothesis that during childhood neuronal networks in the prefrontal cortex are reorganized in response to the timing and extent of social interactions, we analyzed the length, ramification, and spine density of apical and basal dendrites of layer II/III pyramidal neurons in four groups of male rats. (1) Early weaning at postnatal day (PND) 21 + postweaning social rearing (EWS), (2) late weaning at PND 30 + postweaning social rearing (LWS), (3) early weaning + postweaning social isolation (EWI), (4) late weaning + postweaning social isolation (LWI). Compared with late weaned animals, the early weaned animals displayed elevated spine densities on apical and basal dendrites only in the anterior cingulate (ACd), but not in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), irrespective of the postweaning housing conditions. For dendritic length and complexity an interaction between the factors weaning and postweaning rearing conditions was observed. In the ACd the EWI animals had longer and more complex apical dendrites compared with all other groups, whereas in the OFC the EWI animals displayed a significant reduction of apical dendritic length and complexity compared with the EWS group. Taken together, our findings show that the timing as well as the amount of social contact with family members significantly affects the refinement of prefrontal cortical synaptic networks, which are essential for emotional and cognitive behavior. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2008
Structure and Properties of 4‐Amino Derivatives of 5‐Oxoproline
Authors: Krasnov Victor P. , Nizova Irina A. , Vigorov Alexey Yu. , Matveeva Tatyana V. , Levit Galina L. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Ezhikova Marina A. , Kodess Mikhail I. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOn the basis of the results obtained from NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray analysis and chemical transformations, it was established that acidic hydrolysis of (2S,4S)‐4‐arylaminoglutamates results in the formation of lactams in which ring closure occurs with the participation of the γ‐amino and α‐COOH groups; but isomeric lactams resulting from the participation of the α‐amino and γ‐COOH groups are not formed. Isomeric lactams, that is, (2S,4S)‐4‐arylamino‐5‐oxoprolines, can be easily converted in acidic medium into more stable 4‐amino‐1‐aryl‐5‐oxoprolines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Mirtazapine augmentation in depressed patients with sexual dysfunction due to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Ozmenler Nahit Kamil , Karlidere Tunay , Bozkurt Ali , Yetkin Sinan , Doruk Ali , Sutcigil Levent , Cansever Adnan , Uzun Ozcan , Ozgen Fuat , Ozsahin Aytekin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of mirtazapine augmentation in patients with sexual dysfunction induced by current selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment.MethodsForty‐nine outpatients in remission from major depressive disorder with SSRI treatment and experiencing treatment‐emergent sexual dysfunction were invited to participate and 33 (25 women and 8 men) were included in this 8‐week open‐label study. All patients continued her/his current SSRI treatment (dosages unchanged) and started on mirtazapine augmentation of 15 mg/day during the first week and 30 mg/day throughout the rest of the study. The Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM‐D), the psychotropic‐related sexual dysfunction questionnaire (PRSexDQ), and the Golombok and Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) were given to all patients at baseline and at each follow‐up (end of the first, second, fourth, sixth, and eight weeks).ResultsMirtazapine augmentation led to significant reductions in HAM‐D, PRSexDQ, and GRISS scores throughout the study especially after week 4 and 48.5% of patients (n = 16) reported that they had no overall sexual dysfunction at the end of the study.ConclusionsMirtazapine augmentation is a good choice for the treatment of SSRI‐induced sexual dysfunction, and the results are typically seen later after 4–8 weeks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reply to comment on ‘C.‐P. Tung, N.‐M. Hong, C.‐H. Chen, and Y.‐C. Tan. 2004. Regional daily baseflow prediction. Hydrological Processes 18: 2147–2164’
Authors: Hong Nien‐ming , Chen Chu‐hui , Tung Ching‐pin , Tan Yi‐chi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe recession analysis introduced by Brutsaert and Nieber (1977) has been applied in many studies. Tung et al. (2004) stated that using time‐averaged flows to estimate coefficients for recession equations may result in bias. The reasons include improper time interval to estimate averaged flows and the coefficient a in the recession analysis depends on the initial water table. The latter implies that the coefficient a may be different for different recession events. Rupp and Woods (2008) commented that the bias can be made negligible by using time intervals that are appropriate to the time rate of change in discharge. However, the bias of estimating coefficient a can still be expected if flows from different recession events are used on a log‐log plot. It desires attention even if appropriate time interval is considered. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution and characteristics of soil thickness and effects upon water storage in forested areas of Cambodia
Authors: Ohnuki Yasuhiro , Kimhean Chansopheaktra , Shinomiya Yoshiki , Toriyama Jumpei 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSoil layers play an important role in hydrological processes, particularly in forested basins. For example, thick soil layers can store rainwater temporarily and drain it gradually. In the Mekong River Basin, especially in Cambodia, evergreen and deciduous forests are widely distributed. However, we have no data on soil conditions such as thickness and hardness that affect water storage capacity in forested areas. To clarify the water storage role of forest soils in the lower reaches of the Mekong River Basin, we investigated the distribution of soil thickness using a handy dynamic cone penetrometer in three Cambodian provinces: Kampong Thom, Kratie, and Mondul Kiri. Soil thickness was greater than 8 m in a deciduous forest in Kampong Thom. In some evergreen forests, apparent soil thickness varied from the rainy to dry seasons because of specific grain size distributions; for example, the soils were rock hard in the dry season and soft in the rainy season. In Kratie, deciduous forests prevailed and soil thickness was shallow at less than 3 m. In Mondul Kiri, forests were mainly formed on a basaltic plateau, and soil thickness was greater than 7 m. Soil thickness and hardness differed among the soil types in these three provinces, as did water storage capacity. The maximum water storage capacity was 1350 mm in an evergreen forest distributed on Acrisols in Kampong Thom. In contrast, the minimum water storage capacity was 225 mm in a deciduous forest distributed on Leptosols in Mondul Kiri. We constructed a soil thickness map for the study area in Kampong Thom that was mainly covered with evergreen forest; the distribution of soil thickness was related to elevation, with soil thickness increasing 0·13 m per 1 m increase in elevation, except in a deciduous mixed swamp forest area. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evapotranspiration during the late rainy season and middle of the dry season in the watershed of an evergreen forest area, central Cambodia
Authors: Nobuhiro Tatsuhiko , Shimizu Akira , Kabeya Naoki , Tamai Koji , Ito Eriko , Araki Makoto , Kubota Tayoko , Tsuboyama Yoshio , Chann Sophal 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this study, we measured evapotranspiration in an evergreen broadleaf forest watershed in the Kampong Thom Province of central Cambodia with the aid of a 60‐m high meteorological observation tower. The main vegetation species at the study site were Myristica iners and Vatica odorata. The mean tree height in the upper crown layer at the study site was 27·2 m, and the maximum tree height was 45·1 m. A heat balance method, which incorporated the Bowen ratio, was used to calculate the energy balance above the forest canopy; this value was subsequently used for the calculation of evapotranspiration. All the equipment necessary for the measurement of meteorological variables was installed in the observation tower. Data were collected during two distinct sampling periods: October 2003, in the late rainy season, and March 2004, in the middle of the dry season. Daily variations in evapotranspiration were strongly correlated with the measured amount of net radiation above the canopy layer. On the basis of our measurements, the mean evapotranspiration levels of the forest watershed during the late rainy season and the middle of the dry season were 4·3 and 4·6 mm/day, respectively. No significant differences in soil moisture were observed between the middle of the dry season and the late rainy season, probably due to the shallow depth of the water table. The results of this study suggest that the high levels of evapotranspiration recorded during the middle of the dry season reflect the presence of sufficient soil moisture (derived from the shallow water table) and a high vapour‐pressure deficit. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decadal fluctuations in the consumption of irrigation water during the rainy season, Lower Mekong River
Authors: Somura Hiroaki , Yoshida Koshi , Tanji Hajime 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe importance of proper water management means that the consumption of irrigation water should be estimated even in areas where data are scarce. The Mekong River, particularly the lower part, is one area where irrigation water has received little research attention. Studies that seek to estimate the use of irrigation water in this area are restricted by a lack of hydrological data; consequently, alternative methods are required to obtain these data. One solution is the use of model simulations. The main difference between our approach and existing irrigation‐water estimation models is that we consider agricultural data in estimating the use of irrigation water, especially that used for rice production, as these data are relatively easy to collect. As a result, rice production during the rainy season in the target area was computed for 10 years with errors of less than 30%. The average values of calculated and observed rice yields per hectare were 1·3 and 1·7 t/ha in Thailand, 2·5 and 2·7 t/ha in Lao PDR, and 1·2 and 1·3 t/ha in Cambodia, respectively. In addition, we clarified decadal fluctuations in horizontal supplied (HS) water and irrigation water. The average values of HS water supplied to the paddy fields during the simulation period were approximately 17·2 km3/rainy season in Thailand (388 mm), 0·81 km3/rainy season in Lao PDR (245 mm), and 4·4 km3/rainy season in Cambodia (322 mm). Comparisons with HS water (7·4 km3/rainy season) and the existing requirements for irrigation water revealed that the simulation yielded acceptable values, thus verifying the reproducibility of the model results. Finally, we calculated the average water balances during the growth period for rice. The highest amount of irrigation water per unit irrigated area during the rainy season was used in Lao PDR, though the volume of irrigation water was greatest in Thailand. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endocrine and morphological correlates of reproduction in the draughtboard shark Cephaloscyllium laticeps (Elasmobranchii: Scyliorhinidae)
Authors: Awruch Cynthia A. , Pankhurst Ned W. , Frusher Stewart D. , Stevens John D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis study examined the endocrine and reproductive correlates of reproduction in 636 female and 468 male draughtboard sharks (Cephaloscyllium laticeps) captured from southeastern Australia. Females were oviparous and displayed a single external‐type ovary with a maximum follicle diameter of 35 mm. Vitellogenesis commenced at a follicle diameter of 10 mm. Females showed a constant overlap between follicular recruitment, ovarian growth, and egg laying. The male reproductive tract consisted of paired testes with spermatocysts undergoing diametric development. Plasma levels of the presumptive gonadal steroids, testosterone (T), 17β‐estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT; males only) were correlated with morphological developmental stages of the gonads. In females, E2 increased as the follicle developed before declining as the follicle reached maturity. T remained low during the first stages of ovarian growth and increased as the follicle reached maturity. P4 showed a peak just before ovulation. In males, T was the only hormone that varied with maturity, increasing in adults; E2 and P4 were present at low plasma concentrations in males and did not change with stage of gonadal development. 11‐KT was undetectable at all times. Endocrine changes in draughtboard sharks were consistent with hormonal correlates reported for other species and suggest roles for E2( in females) and T (in both sexes) in gametogenesis and P4 in maturational events in females. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:184–197, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiolabeling of a high potency cannabinoid subtype‐1 receptor ligand,N‐(4‐fluoro‐benzyl)‐4‐(3‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)‐indole‐1‐sulfonyl)benzamide (PipISB), with carbon‐11 or fluorine‐18
Authors: Donohue Sean R. , Halldin Christer , Schou Magnus , Hong Jinsoo , Phebus Lee , Chernet Eyassu , Hitchcock Stephen A. , Gardinier Kevin M. , Ruley Kevin M. , Krushinski Joseph H. , Schaus John , Pike Victor W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPipISB [N‐(4‐fluoro‐benzyl)‐4‐(3‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)‐indole‐1‐sulfonyl)benzamide, 9] was identified as a selective high potency CB1receptor ligand. Here we describe the labeling of 9 with positron‐emitters to provide candidate radioligands for imaging brain CB1receptors with positron emission tomography (PET). The radiolabeling of 9 was achieved by two methods, method A with carbon‐11 and method B with fluorine‐18. In method A, [11C]9 was prepared in one step from [11C]carbon monoxide, itself prepared from cyclotron‐produced [11C]carbon dioxide. In method B, [18F]9 was prepared from cyclotron‐produced [18F]fluoride ion in a two‐stage, four‐step synthesis with [18F]4‐fluoro‐benzyl bromide as a labeling agent. The radiosynthesis time for method A was 44 min; decay‐corrected radiochemical yields (RCYs) from [11C]carbon monoxide ranged from 3.1 to 11.6% and specific radioactivities ranged from 21 to 67 GBq/µmol. The radiosynthesis time for method B was 115 min; RCYs from [18F]fluoride ion ranged from 1.5 to 5.6% and specific radioactivities ranged from 200 to 348 GBq/µmol. With these methods, [11C]9 and [18F]9 may be prepared in adequate activity and quality for future evaluation as PET radioligands. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sheep foraging behavior in response to interactions among alkaloids, tannins and saponins
Authors: Lyman Tiffanny D , Provenza Fredrick D , Villalba Juan J 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: A mixture of plant species adds biochemical diversity to pastures that may enhance productivity while decreasing reliance on herbicides and insecticides. All plants contain secondary metabolites (PSMs) that interact in plant communities in a variety of ways. Our objective was to determine if PSM diversity enhanced food intake when sheep were allowed to select from foods that varied in concentrations of tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. We hypothesized that intake of foods containing alkaloids would increase when sheep were offered supplemental foods with tannins and saponins. The alkaloid gramine is proteinaceous in nature, tannins bind to proteins in the gut, which enhances excretion of proteins, so we hypothesized tannins would bind to gramine and enhance its excretion from the body. The alkaloid ergotamine is steroidal, saponins have a high affinity for binding to lipid and steroidal compounds in the gut and then being excreted, so we hypothesized saponins would bind to ergotamine and enhance its excretion from the body.RESULTS: We found that sheep fed either gramine or ergotamine in combination with tannin‐ or saponin‐containing foods had higher intakes of food than sheep offered only foods with gramine or ergotamine.CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that animals can neutralize the negative effects of alkaloids by ingesting tannins and saponins. Our results show that PSMs can complement one another to increase a herbivore's intake of unpalatable plant species, with the potential to maintain healthy animals and bio‐diverse landscapes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Speciation of inorganic tellurium from seawater by ICP‐MS following magnetic SPE separation and preconcentration
Authors: Huang Chaozhang , Hu Bin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new method was developed for the speciation of inorganic tellurium species in seawater by inductively coupled plasma‐MS (ICP‐MS) following selective magnetic SPE (MSPE) separation. Within the pH range of 2–9, tellurite (Te(IV)) could be quantitatively adsorbed on γ‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (γ‐MPTMS) modified silica‐coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), while the tellurate (Te(VI)) was not retained and remained in solution. Without filtration or centrifugation, these tellurite‐loaded MNPs could be separated easily from the aqueous solution by simply applying external magnetic field. The Te(IV) adsorbed on the MNPs could be recovered quantitatively using a solution containing 2 mol/L HCl and 0.03 mol/L K2Cr2O7. Te(VI) was reduced to Te(IV) by L‐cysteine prior to the determination of total tellurium, and its assay was based on subtracting Te(IV) from total tellurium. The parameters affecting the separation were investigated systematically and the optimal separation conditions were established. Under the optimal conditions, the LOD obtained for Te(IV) was 0.079 ng/L, while the precision was 7.0% (C = 10 ng/L, n = 7). The proposed method was successfully applied to the speciation of inorganic tellurium in seawater.
Determination of estrogens in wastewater using three‐phase hollow fiber‐mediated liquid‐phase microextraction followed by HPLC
Authors: Liu Meihua , Qiu Bin , Jin Xia , Zhang Lan , Chen Xi , Chen Guonan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThree‐phase hollow fiber‐mediated liquid‐phase microextraction followed by HPLC was used for the determination of three synthetic estrogens, namely diethylstilbestrol, dienestrol, and hexestrol, in wastewater. Extraction conditions including organic solvent, volume ratio between donor solution and acceptor phase, extraction time, stirring rate, donor phase and acceptor phase were optimized. The target compounds were extracted from a 10 mL aqueous sample at pH 1.5 (donor solution) through a 45 mm in length hollow polypropylene fiber that was immersed in 1‐octanol in advance, and then the hollow fiber was filled with 10 μL 0.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution (acceptor phase). After a 40 min extraction, the acceptor phase was directly injected into an HPLC system for detection. Under the optimized extraction conditions, a large enrichment factor (more than 300‐fold) was achieved for the three estrogens. The determination limit at an S/N of 3 ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 μg/L for the estrogens. The recovery ratio was more than 86% in the determination of these estrogens in wastewater.
Analysis of an antibody pharmaceutical, tocilizumab, by capillary electrophoresis using a carboxylated capillary
Authors: Taga Atsushi , Kita Soichiro , Nishiura Kaori , Hayashi Tomonori , Kinoshita Mitsuhiro , Sato Atsushi , Suzuki Kentaro , Kodama Shuji , Kakehi Kazuaki 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAntibody pharmaceuticals are becoming more and more prevalent due to their excellent effectiveness in clinical medications, and are expected to allow tailor‐made medical treatment for rheumatic diseases, immunosuppression in cardiac transplantation, and cancer. Antibody‐type pharmaceuticals of immunoglobulin G (IgG) commonly have N‐glycosylated carbohydrate chains attached to heavy chains. The carbohydrate chains play important roles in the effectiveness of antibodies. Therefore evaluation of a glycosylated species is important in the first step of quality control of antibody pharmaceuticals. In the present work, we examined capillary electrophoresis with a newly developed, chemically modified capillary, the inner surface of which is modified with carboxyl groups, for evaluation of IgG molecular species which have carbohydrate chains; tocilizumab was used as a model. The analytical system developed in the present study is useful for determining the content of non‐glycosylated peptides. In the analysis of tocilizumab, the ratio of non‐glycosylated peptide was estimated to be 1.23% with a relative standard deviation of 3.05%. The method affords high reproducibility with simple operation, and analysis can be completed within 6 min.
Determination of mercury ion by MEKC with on‐column derivatisation and LIF detection
Authors: Ma Ling , Kang Jingwu 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA simple and automatic method for the determination of mercury ion by MEKC with on‐column derivatisation and LIF detection is described in the present paper. In this method, solutions of a nonfluorescent rhodamine derivative and mercury ion were injected individually and mixed by applying a short voltage. Subsequently, the mercury ions reacted with the nonfluorescent rhodamine derivative to produce strongly fluorescent product. The resulting product was then removed by EOF and micelles towards the detection window and detected by LIF detector. The experimental conditions in terms of the concentration and injection volume ratios between mercury ion and derivatisation reagent, the mixing time and waiting time for the on‐column reaction were optimised. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: the concentration and injection volume ratios between mercury ion and derivatisation reagent were 1:20 and 10:1, respectively; the mixing time was 40 s under the applied voltage of 5 kV; the waiting time was proved unnecessary. The detection limit for mercury ion was 5×10–8 M, and the total analysis time was less than 10 min.
Surface‐plasmon‐based optical manipulation
Authors: Quidant R. , Girard C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe review recent advances achieved in the field of integrated optical manipulations based on the control of surface plasmons. In particular, we describe how intense and confined optical force fields can be precisely engineered in the vicinity of transparent surfaces patterned with plasmonic metal structures. Recent progresses in the design of such devices is presented together with the latest experiments that have demonstrated efficient trapping of micro‐objects under reduced laser intensity compared with conventional optical tweezers. Finally, we review other proposals where the use of localized surface plasmons in coupled metal nanostructures opens new perspectives in scaling down the trapping volumes well below the diffraction limit for the manipulation of single nano‐objects.
Mixed boundary value problem for some pairs of metaanalytic function and analytic function
Authors: Du Jinyuan , Wang Ying 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this article, some mixed boundary value problems (BVPs) on the unit circumference for some pairs of a metaanalytic function and an analytic function are discussed. Using the relationship between metaanalytic function and polyanalytic function, the expression of solution and the condition of solvability for the problem are obtained by reducing the problem to an equivalent system of a Haseman BVP for analytic function and a Hilbert BVP for analytic function. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.