bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON ESTER SULPHATES
Authors: Boström Harry 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A survey has been made of the hormonal influence on the urinary ester-sulphate pattern in rats. The technique consisted of administration of 35S-labelled sulphate to the experimental animals, collection of the urine voided during the first 24 hours after injection, and subsequent visualization of the ester-sulphate pattern of the individual animals by means of paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis, combined with autoradiography. The following results were obtained:
1. An unknown ester sulphate, present only in the urinary pattern of female rats, disappeared after adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy, but persisted after oophorectomy. 2. The unknown, sex-linked compound was absent from the pattern of juvenile rats, but was present in all those weighing more than 100 g. 3. A time relation was present between the appearance of the characteristic female compound and vaginal opening.
The possible nature and physiological role of the unknown compound are discussed against the background of these observations.
DISTURBED URINARY EXCRETION PATTERN OF OESTROGENS IN NEWBORNS WITH CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP
Authors: Andrén L. , Borglin N. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Administration of 0.5–1.0 mg oestradiol benzoate produces hardly any excretion of oestradiol-17β or oestrone in the urine in normal healthy newborns. In newborns with congenital dislocation of the hip, however, it produces an increased excretion of these oestrogens. This provides further support for the assumption that congenital dislocation of the hip is caused by an inborn and probably inherited error of the metabolism of oestrogens.
RAT THYROID ACTIVITY AND COLD RESPONSE AFTER REMOVAL OF FRONTAL PARTS OF THE BRAIN
Authors: van Beugen L. , van der Werff ten Bosch J. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroid activity was studied in rats after surgical removal of the frontal parts of the brain and in intact and blank-operated animals. The index of thyroid function used was the biological half-life of thyroidal 131I calculated from the amounts of 131I present in the thyroid gland, one and eight days after i. p. administration of the tracer.
It was found that removal of all the brain tissue three mm anterior to the anterior commissure, including the olfactory bulbs, did not alter thyroid activity at room temperature and that the normal rise in thyroid activity occurred after this operation when the animals were exposed to an environmental temperature of + 4° C for 15 days.
It is concluded that the frontal parts of the brain are not essential either for normal thyroid activity or for the thyroid response to cold. Vaginal smear cycles were also normal after »frontal lobectomy«.
A DOUBLE ISOTOPE DERIVATIVE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ALDOSTERONE IN PERIPHERAL PLASMA
Authors: Bojesen Ejgil , Degn Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The details of a method for the determination of aldosterone at the level of 1 ng or more are described. A combination of the isotope derivative principle and the isotope dilution principle, using 35S and 131I labelled piodobenzenesulfonic acid anhydride (pipsan) as the labelled reagents, has been employed. A quantitative or almost quantitative and reproducible esterification of the 21-hydroxyl group of aldosterone and an 80% recovery of the steroid added to plasma can be achieved by the procedure described. The blank value has been determined by the analysis of epripheral plasma of adrenalectomized dogs and was found to be indistinguishable from zero and therefore less than 3 ng per 100 ml of plasma. In salt depleted anaesthetized dogs the aldosterone level was 20–30 ng per 100 ml. The concentration increased considerably during adrenalectomy and decreased with a »half life« of 20–30 minutes from the time this was completed.
HYPERTROPHIC ADRENALS AND THEIR RESPONSE TO STRESS AFTER LESIONS IN THE MEDIAN EMINENCE OF TOTALLY HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED PIGEONS
Authors: Miller Richard A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four per cent formaldehyde, insulin, or epinephrine in oil was injected for 5 days into pigeons subjected to varying degrees of hypophysectomy alone or together with large lesions in the median eminence and hypothalamus. Adrenals atrophied after the removal of the pars distalis alone or together with the neurohypophysis in untreated pigeons but showed markedly hypertrophic interrenal tissue (cortex in mammals) after treatment with formaldehyde or insulin. The slope of the dose-response curve was similar in operated and unoperated pigeons. The accumulation of bile in the liver parenchyma, which may occur after removal of the pars distalis, is an endogenous stress which was associated regularly with adrenal hypertrophy.
After very large lesions of the median eminence and ventral hypothalamus in addition to total hypophysectomy, adrenals hypertrophied rather than atrophied, and the response to formaldehyde paralleled that in intact and »hypohysectomized« pigeons. Interrenal tissue was stimulated regularly; chromaffin tissue was partially degranulated, sometimes showed hyperplasia with colchicine, but only occasionally appeared hypertrophied. Epinephrine in nearly lethal doses caused only minimal adrenal enlargement. After adrenal denervation followed by hypophysectomy, the adrenals were still stimulated by formaldehyde. It appears that the interrenal tissue of the pigeon responds to a humoral stimulus not of hypophyseal origin in the absence of the hypophyseal-hypothalamic system.
THE UPTAKE OF 131I TRIIODOTHYRONINE BY RESIN. AN IN VITRO TEST OF THYROID FUNCTION
Authors: Woldring M. G. , Bakker A. , Doorenbos H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A technique is described, which resembles the in vitro red cell triiodothyronine uptake test for the investigation of thyroid function, but which requires only 0.5 ml of plasma. The uptake of radio-triiodothyronine is measured by a method in which resin replaces the erythrocytes. Thus the variable of the red cell substrate is excluded. By means of the resin technique described, an uptake of 14–27 % was found in a group of 130 euthyroid subjects. Fourteen plasma samples from hyperthyroid patients were investigated, which showed an uptake range of 25–40 % (one plasma sample from this group had an uptake of 25.8, i. e. within the normal range). In one case of hypothyroidism, an uptake of 10.7 % was found. It is not yet possible to state the level of uptake below which the diagnosis of hypothyroidism should be considered.
The effect of different factors like the quantity of resin, incubationtemperature and incubation-time, pH and others have been investigated. The results are discussed.
THE PITUITARY AND ADRENAL RESPONSES TO ADMINISTRATION OF OESTRIOL IN GONADECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Borglin N. E. , Bjersing L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestriol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol) is a weakly oestrogenic substance which, however, in contrast to what was formerly believed, is of physiological significance. Its effect is localized largely to the uterine cervix and vagina. Clinical experience argues both for and against an effect on the pituitary gland. This investigation is concerned with the morphological changes in the pituitary gland and adrenal cortex of gonadectomized male and female rats after the injection of oestriol. It was found that oestriol has the same type of action on these glands as other oestrogens, but under the experimental conditions used, this effect proved much weaker than that produced by oestradiol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol).
THE EFFECTS OF SOME 21-METHYL-SUBSTITUTED CORTICOIDS ON INFLAMMATION, LIVER GLYCOGEN AND ELECTROLYTE-REGULATING ACTIVITY IN THE RAT
Authors: Llaurado J. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The anti-inflammatory, liver glycogen deposition and electrolyte-regulating activities in the rat have been studied for the following new steroids: 21-Me-9α-F-Δ1-F 21α-Ac; its 21β-Ac; 21-Me-6α,9α-diF-Δ1-F 21α-Ac; and its 21β-Ac. Using the granuloma pouch assay, results show that there is a linear relationship between degree of inhibition of inflammatory exudate and logarithm of dose assayed for each steroid. The most potent of the new steroids is 21-Me-6α,9α=diF-Δ1-F 21α-Ac (ca. four times Δ1-F Ac), next is its 21β-Ac epimer (ca. twice Δ1-F Ac) and the lowest in activity is 21-Me-9α-F-Δ1-F 21β-Ac (almost equipotent to Δ1-F Ac). Results of liver glycogen deposition assay reveal an even greater potency of the new steroids in relation to Δ1-F Ac, although the rank of activity is the same as that obtained from the granuloma pouch test. The intense sodium retaining-potassium excreting activity of 9α-F-Δ1-F Ac, the parent compound of the new steroids, is modified by the 21-methyl substituent with the result that the 21-methyl steroids induce more natriuresis with the exception of 21-Me-9α-F-Δ1-F 21β-Ac, and less kaliuresis, than the parent compound. The introduction of a 21-methyl grouping creates a new center of asymmetry at C-21. Results from the present investigation indicate that for a given steroid the 21α-ol configuration has more anti-inflammatory and glucogenic activities than the corresponding 21β-ol. The 21-methyl corticoids may be of usefulness to treat inflammatory disorders in man.
EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON THYROID FUNCTION
Authors: Skanse Bengt 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroid function was studied in 10 patients before and after hypophysectomy for metastasizing mammary carcinoma. Particular attention was devoted to the effect of hypophysectomy on the response of the thyroid gland to thyrotrophic hormone. The hypophysectomy was considered to the functionally complete, at least for a period of more than 6 months in 9 patients, while the postmortem examination revealed histologically complete hypophysectomy in only 5 of them. After hypophysectomy the thyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine, the serum protein-bound iodine and the basal metabolic rate fell to myxoedema levels, but without any corresponding increase of the serum cholesterol in most of the patients. The serum protein-bound iodine fell to a lower level than observed in the usual types of hypopituitarism, thus suggesting that the thyrotrophic hormone production generally does not completely cease in clinical hypopituitarism.
After hypophysectomy the administration of thyrotrophic hormone produced a smaller increase in thyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine and a smaller increase in the protein-bound iodine in some patients. The mechanism of this effect is not known. On the other hand, the basal metabolic rate and the serum cholesterol showed a greater response in some patients, probably because of the myxoedematous state. During thyroid replacement therapy the response of the thyroid gland to thyrotrophic hormone further decreased in some of the patients.
It thus appears that the development of laboratory and clinical evidence of hypothyroidism cannot be used to estimate the degree of histological completeness of hypophysectomy.
LYCOPUS – NEW ASPECTS OF ACTIONS AGAINST HYPOPHYSEAL HORMONES
Authors: Kemper F. , Loeser A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The active principle of Lycopus acts on certain pituitary hormones. In vitro the effect of gonadotrophic hormones from different sources (adenohypophysis, PMS, HCG) as well as the effects of TSH are diminished or totally abolished by freeze dried aqueous extracts of Lycopus virginicus.
ON THE ASSAY OF CORTICOTROPHIN: COMPARISON OF THE PLASMA CORTICOSTEROID AND ADRENAL ASCORBIC ACID RESPONSE
Authors: Rerup Claus , Hedner Pavo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A new subcutaneous assay method for corticotrophin using the level of free plasma corticosteroids in hypophysectomized rats as the response is described. A critical evaluation of the results compared with those of the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion assay method is given. It was found, that the plasma corticoid method has about the same precision (λ = 0.25) as the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion method, but that the former is about five times more sensitive. It is possible to apply a cross-over design to the plasma corticoid method, which increases the assay efficiency to about 250 per cent of non-cross-over assays.
From simultaneous measurements of adrenal ascorbic acid concentration and plasma corticoid levels and subsequent calculation of their correlation coefficients it appeared, that the mechanism of ascorbic acid depletion is quantitatively not closely linked to that of adrenal corticoid output in the individual rat.
On the basis of its advantages from the theoretical points of view (higher specificity) and for practical reasons, it is proposed to replace the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion method by the plasma corticoid method for pharmacopeial corticotrophin assays.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL URINARY RADIOACTIVE STEROID METABOLITES AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE STUDY OF PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION
Authors: Baker Robert E. , Goldzieher Joseph W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A simple and quantitative procedure for the extraction and measurement of total urinary radioactive steroid metabolites is described.
The urinary excretion of topically applied 14C oestrone + 3H 17β-oestradiol and of 14C cortisol (11β, 17, 21-trihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione) alone was studied with and without the addition of carrier oestrone, in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Over 80 percent of the cortisol, 7.5 to 41 percent of the oestrone, and 3.4 to 20 percent of the 17β-oestradiol metabolites appeared in the urine within 72 hours. Neither the ovarian status of the subjects nor the presence of carrier oestrone appeared to influence these results.
SOME CLINICAL EXPERIENCE IN THE DETERMINATION OF CORTISOL AND CORTICOSTERONE IN A SMALL SAMPLE OF HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: van der Wal B. , Israëls A. L. M. , Janssen J. F. , de Wied D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Quantitative determinations of cortisol and corticosterone were performed in 3 ml of human plasma, using the different partition coefficients of these steroids between water and carbon tetrachloride according to Van der Vies (1961).
Comparative values for plasma cortisol and corticosterone in adults and children and in patients treated with corticotrophin (ACTH) or corticosteroids are presented. Cortisol levels in non-treated adults and in children amounted to 11.8 ± 2.0 ranging from 5–26 μg per 100 ml while mean corticosterone levels were found to be 2.75 ± 0.70 ranging from 0–6 μg per 100 ml.
Intravenous Cortrophin or Pitressin for one hour or intramuscular Cortrophin Z generally increased both plasma cortisol and corticosterone, whereas treatment with prednisone somewhat decreased the cortisol content of plasma without affecting the plasma corticosterone. One patient with Cushing's syndrome had a high cortisol and a normal corticosterone level and in an adult patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated for several months with Cortrophin Z, the rather high cortisol level was associated with a very low corticosterone content of the plasma.
FURTHER CYTOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING OESTROGENIC ACTIVITY IN POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: de Waard F. , Halewijn E. A. Baanders-van 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The occurrence of oestrogenic activity in cytological preparations of postmenopausal women in apparent health has been studied using urinary sediment smears.
Postmenopausal oestrus is found to be associated with obesity, hypertension and probably also with decreased glucose tolerance. It seems to have a hereditary tendency in which body build is involved.
The oestrogens causing the cytological effects are of adrenal origin. Some criticism is advanced against the hypothesis of Galli Mainini et al. (1956) and Castellanos & Sturgis (1958) as regards a cytological index specific of adrenal oestrogens.
Some findings relevant to the genesis of endometrial carcinoma are discussed.
PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA OF URINARY BLADDER
Authors: Mićić R. , Kičić M. , Adanja S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of phaeochromocytoma localized in the urinary bladder wall above the right ureter in a 19 years old male is described. The patient had a sustained arterial hypertension between 170/120 and 260/170, without haematuria, with regular headache and palpitations immediately after urination. Catecholamines in urine 409 and 340 micrograms per day. A partial resection of the urinary bladder wall was performed with extirpation of a tumour weighing 40 g. Size of the tumour 80 × 60 × 60 mm. The tumour contained 1.5 mg adrenaline and 0.03 mg noradrenaline per g of tissue.
Postoperatively blood pressure 140/90, catecholamines in the urine normal, and the patient made an uneventful recovery. The last follow-up ten months after operation. A short review of previously published cases is given.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE PANCREATIC ISLET TISSUE OF NORMAL AND ALLOXAN-TREATED COTTUS SCORPIUS
Authors: Falkmer Sture , Olsson Ragnar 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The principal islets of Cottus scorpius are very suitable for electron microscopical investigations since they contain only endocrine parenchyma inside the connective tissue capsule. The central region with the β-cells is more osmiophilic than the peripheral region. Thus, it is fairly easy to trim the islets in the desired region and obtain purely endocrine cells with known histological and histochemical features in the electron micrographs.
The peripheral region is mainly composed of two kinds of cells: a granular type, ultrastructurally corresponding to mammalian α-cells, and an agranular one possibly related to the mammalian γ- and/or δ-cells as judged from its fine structure.
The granules of the α-cell like cells are submicroscopical. The agranular cells terminate at capillaries in the same way as the granular cells. Both cell types are essentially unaffected by alloxan administration.
The central region contains granular cells with a fine structure resembling that of mammalian β-cells. These cells are severely damaged by alloxan administration.
Intimately intermingled with these β-cells are granular and agranular cells which are unaffected by alloxan administration. In part, at least they show ultrastructural similarities to the cells of the periperal region and represent the aldehyde fuchsin and pseudo-isocyanine negative cells of this region.
THE IN VITRO BIOSYNTHESIS OF ANDROGENIC STEROIDS BY HUMAN NORMAL AND »STEIN-LEVENTHAL TYPE« OVARIAN SLICES
Authors: Lanthier André , Sandor Thomas 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vitro biosynthesis of androgenic steroids by surviving human normal and »Stein-Leventhal type« ovarian slices was studied. The tissue slices were incubated in a Krebs-Ringer-phosphate-glucose medium (pH: 7.4) with pregnenolone, progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione added as substrates. The incubations were supplied with HCG as cofactor (1000 IU/vessel) and the reactions left to proceed for 6 or 24 hours. After incubation, the medium was extracted with chloroform and transformation products isolated by paper chromatography. Individual substances were characterized by chromatographic mobility studies, preparation of derivatives and spectrophotometric techniques. The following results were obtained: qualitatively no differences could be noted between the metabolic activity of ovarian slices of either origin. Quantitatively, »Stein-Leventhal type« slices showed an accelerated rate of production in all intermediary reactions, especially in the production of androstenedione and testosterone. In addition to the direct intermediaries, four C20 reduced transformation products of progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were isolated from experiments involving both normal and micropolycystic ovarian slices.
CHROMOSOMAL MOSAICISM, X CHROMOSOME ANOMALY AND SEX CHROMATIN DISCREPANCY IN A CASE OF GONADAL DYSGENESIS
Authors: de la Chapelle Albert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The case of a 15-year-old phenotypic female with apparent traits of gonadal dysgenesis, horse shoe kidney and mentally retarded is presented. The sex chromatin was negative as judged from the polymorphonuclear leukocytes, none having been found with a drumstick. In the nuclei of the oral mucosa cells, however, Barr bodies were clearly distinguishable but were unusually small and few in number.
Chromosome preparations made from cultures of leukocytes from the peripheral blood revealed a 45/46 mosaicism. The cells with 45 chromosomes apparently had only one X chromosome. In the other stemline, there was a supernumerary chromosome in the group 17–18, which was judged to be a deleted X
The chromosomal aberration is thought to explain the discrepancy in the findings of sex chromatin.
»Erosions« were frequently found in some of the chromosomes. Their significance is briefly discussed.
BEEINFLUSSUNG DER INSULINEMPFINDLICHKEIT DER EVISCERIERTEN RATTE DURCH NEBENNIEREN-EXSTIRPATION, NEBENNIERENHORMONE UND GLUKAGON
Authors: Creutzfeldt Werner , Deuticke Ursula 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adrenalectomy of eviscerated, nephrectomised rats constantly infused with glucose induces increased glucose consumption. Doses of deoxycorticosterone acetate and epinephrine alter this to the conditions found in eviscerated rats with intact adrenals. This could be mainly due to a circulatory effect of both hormones. – Eviscerated nephrectomised rats, constantly infused with glucose show a reproducable sensitivity-value for i. v. injected insulin. The value of this dose is over 0.05 U/kg insulin. Adrenalectomy momentarily causes an increase in the insulin sensitivity of the eviscerated animal. – The augmented insulin sensitivity following adrenalectomy is not clearly affected by deoxycorticosterone, but can be reduced by very high doses of prednisolone. The diaphragmatic glycogen values do not differ from those found in untreated animals. – Epinephrine completely abolishes the increased insulin sensitivity of the adrenalectomised eviscerated animal. This is probably due to a peripheral metabolic effect occurring mainly in the muscle tissue. The reduction in the diaphragmatic glycogen content suggests activation of the phosphorylase system with consequent inhibition of hexokinase. DHE abolishes the action of epinephrine on the hyper-sensitivity to insulin and on muscle glycogenolysis. Glucagon has no synergistic insulin action in the eviscerated nephrectomised rat, either in high or low doses. The insulin effect on the blood sugar of the highly insulin sensitive adrenalectomised eviscerated rat, is even diminished by high doses of glucagon. The mechanism of this peripheral insulin antagonistic action of glucagon occurs without glycogenolysis and has not yet been elucidated. The effect is however much slighter than that of epinephrine.
HAEMODYNAMIC STUDIES IN MAN BEFORE AND AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY
Authors: Bojs Göran , Falkheden Thomas , Sjögren Björn , Varnauskas Edvardas 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Determinations of cardiac output and oxygen consumption simultaneously with measurements of glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were performed before and after hypophysectomy in two cases of acromegaly, two cases of metastatic mammary carcinoma, one case of diabetes mellitus and in one case of chromophobe adenoma. After hypophysectomy evidence of adrenocortical insufficiency was present in all but one subject and these patients were on substitution therapy with cortisone (17,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene 3,11,20-trione) at the time of the postoperative studies. In two patients at least, postoperative hypothyroidism could not be demonstrated. In all cases, however, hypophysectomy was followed by a marked and roughly parallel reduction in cardiac output and oxygen consumption. A substantial decrease in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and renal blood flow following hypophysectomy was also found while no or only slight changes in mean brachial arterial blood pressure were observed. The changes in renal function did not always parallel the reduction in cardiac output.