bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GROWTH DYNAMICS OF ULVA ROTUNDATA (CHLOROPHYTA) IN A FISH FARM: IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOMITIGATION AT A LARGE SCALE1
Authors: Hernández Ignacio , Pérez‐Pastor Abraham , Mateo Juan J. , Megina Cesar , Vergara Juan J. 
Published: July 2008

Changes in biomass of several macroalgae [Ulva rotundata Bliding; Gracilariopsis longissima (S. G. Gmel.) Steentoft, L. M. Irvine et Farnham; Ulva intestinalis L.; and Cladophora sp.] and marine plants (Zostera noltii and Ruppia cirrhosa) growing naturally in earthen ponds of a fish farm (Acuinova, San Fernando, Southern Spain) were recorded during a year. The farm is mainly devoted to the culture of gilthered seabream (Sparus aurata). The most conspicuous algal species thriving in the ponds was U. rotundata, which reached densities up to 600 g dry mass · m−2 and produced up to 20.45 g C · m−2 · d−1. Dissolved nutrients (phosphate and ammonium), tissue nutrient content, and growth rates of this species were estimated during 2001 and 2002. Evidence of natural biomitigation by U. rotundata when water circulates throughout the fish farm is presented. Due to the fish cultivation, both phosphate and ammonium increased as water circulated from the preculture ponds to the postculture ponds. As a consequence, U. rotundata tissue nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) increased from algae growing in preculture ponds to algae growing in the outflow channel, so that mean C:N:P ratio varied from 773:57:1 in preculture ponds to 567:64:1 in the outflow channel. Phosphorus limited growth of U. rotundata during the spring. As growth rates increased as a function of tissue P, data were fitted to the Droop equation. From this equation, the estimated maximal growth rate was 0.295 ± 0.041 d−1, the subsistence quota was 0.05 ± 0.01% P of dry mass, and the critical quota was 0.215% P of dry mass. The results suggest that management of the fish farm based on a large‐scale integrated mariculture system of fish and macroalgae may increase the total ecological and economic benefits, both for the farm and for the environment.
ORIGIN OF APOMICTIC RED ALGAE: OUTCROSSING STUDIES OF DIFFERENT STRAINS IN CALOGLOSSA MONOSTICHA (CERAMIALES, RHODOPHYTA)1
Authors: Kamiya Mitsunobu , West John A. 
Published: July 2008

Various red algae lack sexual reproduction and propagate by spore recycling, but it is still unknown how apomixis originates. In previous crossing experiments, we obtained an unusual hybrid of Caloglossa monosticha M. Kamiya through the outcrossing between a male from Australia and a female from Indonesia. This hybrid was morphologically identical to a normal tetrasporophyte, but its tetraspores grew into tetrasporophytes and repeated tetraspore recycling. During 5 years of culture, no sexual reproductive structures have formed on the tetrasporelings from this hybrid or its progenies. Further hybridization experiments revealed that all the five female strains from Indonesia successfully crossed with the male strain from the East Alligator River, Australia, and most of the F1 sporophytes demonstrated tetraspore recycling, though the germination rates of these tetraspores were quite low. The ploidy level of the hybrid tetrasporophyte was similar to the normal tetrasporophyte, rather than the parental gametophyte, based on the comparison of relative DNA contents of their nuclei. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region indicated that the alleles from both parents were present in all the hybrid tetrasporophytes examined. These results suggest that this hybrid does not carry out meiosis during sporogenesis, and heterozygous diploid sporophytes arose from tetraspores. Therefore, we believe that obligate apomixis was generated through outcrossing between genetically different entities of C. monosticha.
OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSES IN THE MARINE ANTARCTIC DIATOM CHAETOCEROS BREVIS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) DURING PHOTOACCLIMATION1
Authors: Janknegt Paul J. , Van De Poll Willem H. , Visser Ronald J. W. , Rijstenbil Jan W. , Buma Anita G. J. 
Published: July 2008

The enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) holds a key position in the microalgal antioxidant network. The present research focused on oxidative stress responses in the Antarctic diatom Chaetoceros brevis F. Schütt during transition to excess (including ultraviolet radiation [UVR]) and limiting irradiance conditions. Over a 4 d period, cellular responses of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, a general oxidative stress indicator), SOD activity, photosynthetic and xanthophyll cycle pigments, PSII efficiency, and growth were determined. In addition, oxidative responses were measured during a daily cycle. Changing irradiance conditions significantly affected growth rates of C. brevis. PSII efficiency decreased significantly during periodic excess irradiance and increased under low irradiance conditions. Transition to excess irradiance increased the ratio of xanthophyll to light‐harvesting pigments, whereas the opposite was observed for cultures transferred to low irradiance. This acclimation process was completed after 2 d in the new irradiance environment. SOD activity increased significantly after the first day regardless of the new irradiance environment but returned to preexposure values on the fourth day. We hypothesize that SOD activity may be temporarily elevated in C. brevis after irradiance shifts, thereby reducing oxidative stress when photoacclimation is in progress.
Intermittent Access to 20% Ethanol Induces High Ethanol Consumption in Long–Evans and Wistar Rats
Authors: Simms Jeffrey A. , Steensland Pia , Medina Brian , Abernathy Kenneth E. , Chandler L. Judson , Wise Roy , Bartlett Selena E. 
Published: July 2008

Background:  There has been some difficulty getting standard laboratory rats to voluntarily consume large amounts of ethanol without the use of initiation procedures. It has previously been shown that standard laboratory rats will voluntarily consume high levels of ethanol if given intermittent‐access to 20% ethanol in a 2‐bottle‐choice setting [Wise, Psychopharmacologia 29 (1973), 203]. In this study, we have further characterized this drinking model.Methods:  Ethanol‐naïve Long–Evans rats were given intermittent‐access to 20% ethanol (three 24‐hour sessions per week). No sucrose fading was needed and water was always available ad libitum. Ethanol consumption, preference, and long‐term drinking behaviors were investigated. Furthermore, to pharmacologically validate the intermittent‐access 20% ethanol drinking paradigm, the efficacy of acamprosate and naltrexone in decreasing ethanol consumption were compared with those of groups given continuous‐access to 10 or 20% ethanol, respectively. Additionally, ethanol consumption was investigated in Wistar and out‐bred alcohol preferring (P) rats following intermittent‐access to 20% ethanol.Results:  The intermittent‐access 20% ethanol 2‐bottle‐choice drinking paradigm led standard laboratory rats to escalate their ethanol intake over the first 5 to 6 drinking sessions, reaching stable baseline consumption of high amounts of ethanol (Long–Evans: 5.1 ± 0.6; Wistar: 5.8 ± 0.8 g/kg/24 h, respectively). Furthermore, the cycles of excessive drinking and abstinence led to an increase in ethanol preference and increased efficacy of both acamprosate and naltrexone in Long–Evans rats. P‐rats initiate drinking at a higher level than both Long–Evans and Wistar rats using the intermittent‐access 20% ethanol paradigm and showed a trend toward a further escalation in ethanol intake over time (mean ethanol intake: 6.3 ± 0.8 g/kg/24 h).Conclusion:  Standard laboratory rats will voluntarily consume ethanol using the intermittent‐access 20% ethanol drinking paradigm without the use of any initiation procedures. This model promises to be a valuable tool in the alcohol research field.
Impact of donor deferrals for malaria on blood availability in the United States
Authors: Leiby David A. , Nguyen Megan L. , Notari Edward P. 
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: US blood availability is negatively impacted by residence or travel‐related deferrals designed to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O, variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease, Leishmania, and malaria. Generally, travel and residence deferrals lack sensitivity and specificity to identify infected donors, particularly for malaria. This study evaluated trends in malaria deferrals and their impact on blood availability from 2000 through 2006.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: An American Red Cross (ARC) research database was used to monitor trends in deferrals for exposure to Plasmodium spp., the causative agents of malaria. Annual deferral rates were classified as travel, residence, and history of malaria during 2000 through 2006. Overall yearly donation rates for acceptable donors were determined and used to estimate donations lost due to malaria‐related deferrals.RESULTS: Approximately 29 million donors presented at ARC collection sites and 316,495 (1.1%) were deferred for malaria risk. More than 91 percent of malaria deferrals were for travel to endemic countries; travel deferrals showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) throughout the study period. Calculations of yearly donation rates suggested that more than 540,000 potential ARC blood donations were lost to malaria deferrals during the 7‐year period.CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of malaria deferrals were for travel to endemic areas; however, few US donors visit those areas associated with most US cases of malaria or transfusion‐transmitted malaria. Current interventions fail to capture many semi‐immune donors, those at greatest risk for transmitting infection. Considerations should be given to selective screening and permanent deferral of donors with a history of malaria.
Ultrastructural localization of glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa, β3 integrin) on placental syncytiotrophoblast microvilli: implications for platelet alloimmunization during pregnancy
Authors: Kumpel Belinda M. , Sibley Karin , Jackson David J. , White Graham , Soothill Peter W. 
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti‐human platelet antigen (HPA)‐1a more commonly occurs in first pregnancies, unlike hemolytic disease of the newborn. Anti‐D is produced after D+ fetomaternal hemorrhage; this usually occurs at parturition. Anti‐HPA‐1a could develop during pregnancy if maternal immunization is stimulated by HPA‐1a expressed not only on platelets but also on other fetal cells.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: An ultrastructural study of fetal placental chorionic villi was undertaken to determine the localization of glycoprotein (GP)IIIa carrying the HPA‐1a/1b polymorphism. First trimester and term villi were incubated with a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to GPIIIa or with positive control MoAbs (anti‐placental alkaline phosphatase and ED822 MoAb) to villous syncytiotrophoblast (ST). Binding of MoAbs was detected with a gold‐conjugated secondary antibody before processing the tissues and examination of ultrathin sections in an electron microscope.RESULTS: Gold particles were evident on microvilli on the apical surface of ST when labeled with anti‐GPIIIa and the placenta‐specific MoAbs but not with an isotype control antibody. Immunolabeling for anti‐GPIIIa on first trimester ST was similar to that of term ST.CONCLUSION: The apical surface of the ST is bathed in maternal blood. During the natural regenerative process of human placenta, senescent parts of the ST are shed into maternal blood during pregnancy. This includes both apoptotic ST nuclei and microparticulate ST debris. The presence of GPIIIa on this circulating ST cellular material could be the source of HPA‐1a alloantigen causing primary immunization of susceptible primigravidae early enough for anti‐HPA‐1a to cause fetal thrombocytopenia during a first pregnancy.
A prospective, randomized, double‐blind controlled trial of acetaminophen and diphenhydramine pretransfusion medication versus placebo for the prevention of transfusion reactions
Authors: Kennedy LeAnne D. , Case L. Douglas , Hurd David D. , Cruz Julia M. , Pomper Gregory J. 
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: Acetaminophen and diphenhydramine are commonly used as pretransfusion medications to prevent transfusion reactions. The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare the risk of transfusion reactions in hematology/oncology patients who receive acetaminophen with diphenhydramine or placebo before transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled transfusion reaction study of 315 eligible patients was performed. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 18 to 65 years admitted to the leukemia or bone marrow transplant (BMT) services. Patients were excluded if they had a known allergy to either acetaminophen or diphenhydramine or had a documented history of a febrile or allergic transfusion reaction. All blood products were administered using a leukofilter. Study medications were given 30 minutes before transfusions and no other acetaminophen or diphenhydramine was given within 4 hours of administration of the study medications. Patients were monitored for the development of reaction symptoms within 4 hours after the transfusion.RESULTS: A total of 154 active drug patients were compared to 161 placebo patients. There was no significant difference in the overall risk of transfusion reactions between the two groups. However, analysis of specific reaction types revealed a significant decrease in the risk of febrile reactions when pretransfusion medication is used in addition to bedside leukoreduction.CONCLUSIONS: Pretransfusion medication of leukemia or BMT patients without a history of transfusion reaction does not decrease the overall risk of transfusion reactions. However, pretransfusion medication may decrease the risk of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions to leukoreduced blood products.
A severe case of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with pneumococcal infection and T activation treated successfully with plasma exchange
Authors: Hopkins Courtney K. , Yuan Shan , Lu Qun , Ziman Alyssa , Goldfinger Dennis 
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: A severe nondiarrheal form of hemolytic uremic syndrome in children is associated with pneumococcal infection (pHUS). Neuraminidase released by the pneumococci may cleave N‐acetylneuraminic acid residues on red blood cells (RBCs), leading to the exposure of the T cryptantigen and polyagglutinability of RBCs, a process known as T activation. Data suggest a pathogenic role of exposed T antigens on glomeruli interacting with naturally occurring anti‐T in the development of renal dysfunction in pHUS. By reducing the levels of anti‐T and neuraminidase, plasma exchange (PE) may have a role in the treatment of severe cases of pHUS.CASE REPORT: A previously healthy 2‐year‐old boy presented with acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, pneumococcal infection, and T activation of RBCs. A diagnosis of pHUS was made. Due to rapid clinical decline, daily single‐volume PE with 5 percent albumin replacement was initiated. Infusion of additional plasma was avoided by using only saline‐washed RBCs for transfusion. He made a full recovery after 13 PEs and remained well at follow‐up 7 months later.RESULTS: Polyagglutinability of RBCs was shown by mixing patient RBCs with five normal donor sera. The agglutination assays with a panel of lectins confirmed the specificity of exposed T antigen as the cause of polyagglutinability.CONCLUSION: The dramatic response seen in this patient suggests that PE utilizing albumin replacement may benefit patients with severe pHUS.
Effects of plasma dilution on tissue factor–induced thrombin generation and thromboelastography: partly compensating role of platelets
Authors: Schols Saskia E.M. , Feijge Marion A.H. , Lancé Marcus D. , Hamulyák Karly , Ten Cate Hugo , Heemskerk Johan W. M. , Van Pampus Elisabeth C.M. 
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: Bleeding upon major surgery or severe trauma is treated by transfusion with crystalloids, colloids, or plasma. This treatment, however, can lead to dilutional coagulopathy and impaired hemostasis. We investigated the suitability of two integrative coagulation tests to measure the hemostatic activity of diluted plasma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma from healthy donors was diluted in vitro with saline or colloid (venofundin or gelofusin). Coagulant activity in response to tissue factor was monitored by calibrated automated thrombin (CAT) generation and rotational thromboelastography (TEG), detecting formation of elastic fibrin clots. Plasma from patients receiving fluid infusion during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was analyzed with the same assays.RESULTS: Optimal activity of CAT and TEG assays required the presence of 10 pmol per L tissue factor and 4 µmol per L phospholipid vesicles or 100 × 109 platelets (PLTs) per L. Strikingly, thrombin generation and clot formation became impaired at a higher extent of dilution with PLTs present (≤40% plasma) than with phospholipid vesicles present (≤60% plasma). Colloids aggravated the dilution effect on clot formation, but FFP antagonized the dilution effect on thrombin and clot formation. In contrast, fibrinogen and Factor (F)XIII only restored the impaired clot formation. In plasma samples from patients undergoing CABG, CAT and TEG assay variables were altered to an extent corresponding with the volume of fluid infusion.CONCLUSION: Thrombin generation and clot formation are reduced at a plasma dilution of more than 40 percent. In either process, PLTs can partly compensate for the dilution effect. In vitro dilution with colloids impaired fibrin clot elasticity compared to saline.
A revised method for estimating hepatitis B virus transfusion residual risk based on antibody to hepatitis B core antigen incident cases
Authors: Laperche Syria , Maniez Michèle , Barlet Valérie , El Ghouzzi Marie‐Hélène , Le Vacon Françoise , Levayer Thierry , Lunel Françoise , Morel Pascal , Mouillot Laurence , Piquet Yves , Pillonel Josiane 
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: To take into account the transient nature of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigenemia, the calculation of HBV residual risk (RR), based on the incidence/window period model, is adjusted by a correction factor that adds uncertainty to the RR estimates.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This new method to estimate the RR for HBV is a weighted sum of the RR derived from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) incident cases and the one derived from antibody hepatitis B core antigen (HBc) incident cases. An anti‐HBc incident case was defined as a donation from a blood donor who had made at least one anti‐HBc–negative donation followed by a donation that was found positive with two different assays within a 3‐year period and positive for at least one of the following markers: 1) antibody to hepatitis B e antigen or hepatitis B e antigen, 2) anti‐HBc immunoglobulin M, 3) HBV DNA, 4) hepatitis B surface antibody without HBV vaccination history, or 5) HBV DNA retrospectively found in the previous donation. Five overlapping 3‐year study periods between 2000 and 2006 were analyzed.RESULTS: The HBV RR estimated with the classical method ranged from 1.51 (2000‐2002) to 0.69 per million donations in 2004 through 2006 with a decrease in 2002 through 2004 due to only two HBsAg incident cases reported in this period. By applying the revised model, the HBV RR ranged from 1.06 (2000‐2002) to 0.49 per million donations (2004‐2006), with a regular decrease.CONCLUSION: The new presented model provides HBV RR estimates that do not statistically differ from those obtained with the classical model; however, it provides more accurate data, especially in low endemic areas where the HBsAg incidence is low.
Reduced hemoglobin on day of peripheral blood progenitor cell collection is associated with low graft content of vascular progenitors and increased toxicity after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kasbia Gurnaam , Al‐Gahtani Farjah , Tay Jason , Labonté Laura , Tinmouth Alan , Ramsay Timothy , Gillingham Akira , Yang Lin , Halpenny Michael , Giulivi Antonio , McDiarmid Sheryl , Huebsch Lothar , Allan David S. 
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: Tissue damage after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) occurs as a result of high‐dose chemotherapy and radiation. The aim was to determine the importance of pretransplant anemia on toxicity and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements after autologous HSCT.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 350 patients undergoing autologous HSCT were included in the analysis. Patient factors and pretransplant laboratory values of possible relevance were assessed in multivariate regression analysis.RESULTS: Reduced hemoglobin (Hb) on the first day of peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collection was significantly associated with increased organ toxicity after HSCT, as measured by the Seattle criteria. Lower Hb levels at baseline before transplantation, but not at PBPC collection, were significantly associated with increased RBC transfusion requirements. In a second cohort of 28 patients, higher Hb levels on the day of PBPC collection were significantly associated with increased levels of endothelial‐like vascular progenitor cells in PBPC grafts.CONCLUSION: Our observations suggest that higher Hb levels on the day of PBPC collection may be a marker of reduced toxicity associated with HSCT and increased vascular progenitors in PBPC collections. Further, baseline anemia before transplant may reflect an unfavorable hematopoietic microenvironment that leads to increased RBC transfusion requirements.
Membrane autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, antiphospholipid antibodies, and transient acquired activated protein C resistance
Authors: Staropoli John F. , Van Cott Elizabeth M. , Makar Robert S. 
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia and antiphospholipid antibodies (which include lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin [ACL] antibodies) are associated, respectively, with approximately 10 and 40 percent of cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study reports a case of SLE presenting with an unusual constellation of findings that included an immunoglobulin M (IgM) cold autoantibody of high thermal amplitude, high‐titer ACL antibodies, and transient acquir ed activated protein C resistance.CASE REPORT: A previously untransfused, nulligravid 17‐year‐old woman without a significant medical history presented with signs and symptoms of SLE and an extravascular hemolytic anemia. Spontaneous agglutination was noted in blood samples collected for testing. Serologic testing revealed a normal‐titer, high‐thermal‐amplitude IgM red blood cell (RBC) autoantibody but no additional RBC antibodies in the patient's plasma. Additional testing was significant for a high‐titer ACL IgM and a positive test for activated protein C resistance (a screening test for the Factor [F]V Leiden mutation), which prompted initiation of prophylactic anticoagulation. Confirmatory DNA testing for FV Leiden, however, was negative. The patient's symptoms, anemia, RBC autoagglutinins, ACL antibodies, and activated protein C resistance all resolved after 6 weeks of immunosuppression.CONCLUSION: This case illustrates the wide range of clinical and laboratory findings that autoantibodies against cellular membranes may produce. IgM autoagglutinins of high thermal amplitude associated with a significant extravascular hemolytic anemia may be a presenting feature of SLE. Concomitant antiphospholipid antibodies may interfere with partial thromboplastin time–based tests of hypercoagulability such as that for activated protein C resistance.