bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corynebacterium diphtheriae spoligotyping based on combined use of two CRISPR loci
Authors: Mokrousov Igor , Limeschenko Elena , Vyazovaya Anna , Narvskaya Olga 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA large diphtheria epidemic in the 1990s in Russia and neighboring countries underlined the importance of permanent surveillance of the circulating and emerging clones of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and hence there is a need for highly discriminatory, simple and portable typing methods. In the complete genome sequence of C. diphtheriae strain NCTC13129, we previously identified in silico two clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) loci, and developed a macroarray‐based method to study polymorphism in the larger DRB locus. We named this method spoligotyping (spacer oligonucleotide typing), analogously to a similar method of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping. Here, we included in the analysis novel spacers of the other CRISPR locus in C. diphtheriae (DRA); both loci were simultaneously co‐amplified and co‐hybridized against the membrane with 27 different immobilized spacer‐probes. The use of additional DRA spacers improved strain differentiation and discriminated within large DRB clusters. The 156 Russian strains of the epidemic clone were subdivided into 45 combined spoligotypes compared to 35 DRB‐spoligotypes and only two ribotypes (‘Sankt‐Peterburg’ and ‘Rossija’). The spoligotyping method allows digital presentation of profiles and therefore it is perfectly suitable for interlaboratory comparison and database management; it may become a powerful tool for epidemiological monitoring and phylogenetic analysis of C. diphtheriae.
Determination of a selective Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor, 4‐cyano(benzo[b]thiophene‐2‐carbonyl)guanidine (KR‐33028) in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Young Hoon , Ji Hye Young , Lee Seonkyoung , Yi Kyu Yang , Kim You Sun , Lee Kyung Hee , Lee Hye Suk 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of a selective Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor 4‐cyano(benzo[b]thiophene‐2‐carbonyl)guanidine (KR‐33028) in rat plasma. KR‐33028 and the internal standard, linezolid, were extracted from rat plasma with ethyl acetate at neutral pH. The analytes were separated on an XBridge C18 column with a mixture of methanol–0.1% formic acid (35:65, v/v) as mobile phase and detected using an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple‐reaction‐monitoring mode. The standard curve was linear (r = 0.9998) over the concentration range of 2.0–1000 ng/mL. The coefficients of variation of intra‐ and inter‐assay were 1.3–6.8% and the relative error was 0.8–5.0%. The recoveries of KR‐33028 and linezolid were 70.5 and 84.6%, respectively. The lower limit of quantification for KR‐33028 was 2.0 ng/mL using 50 µL plasma sample. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of KR‐33028 in rats. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and evaluation of a rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic strip assay for screening 19‐nortestosterone
Authors: Liu Liqiang , Peng Chifang , Jin Zhengyu , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe lateral flow strip test for 19‐nortestosterone is one kind of immunochromatographic assay. Nitrocellulose membrane was separately immobilized with goat anti‐rabbit IgG (control line) and 19‐NT‐OVA conjugate (test line). Anti‐19‐NT polyclonal antibody labeled with colloidal gold particles acted as the detector reagent. The assay is qualitatively, not quantitatively, judged with positive or negative result. We tested the sensitivity of the strip using spiked swine urine, and each specimen was independently measured by LC/MS/MS. The sensitivity, measure by eye, was determined to be 200 ng/mL. The assay time was less than 15 min, and so suitable for on‐site rapid test. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fingerprint analysis of Rhizoma chuanxiong by pressurized capillary electrochromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Xie Guoxiang , Zhao Aihua , Li Peng , Li Lu , Jia Wei 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used simultaneously to establish fingerprints of Rhizoma chuanxiong. Ten batches of Rhizoma chuanxiong collected from different regions in China were used to obtain the characteristic pCEC and HPLC fingerprints using a standardized procedure of sample preparation and analysis. A total of 22 common peaks were isolated within 60 min by pCEC and 16 common peaks by HPLC within 65 min. The fingerprints of Rhizoma chuanxiong were then used to identify the raw herbs from different sources in China. The two proposed methods demonstrated good stability and reproducibility with RSD less than 5% for retention time in pCEC and in HPLC, respectively. Finally, the data from the analyses of 10 batches of Rhizoma chuanxiong by pCEC and HPLC were all processed with similarity analysis with two mathematical methods, correlation coefficient and the included angle cosine. The fingerprints of Rhizoma chuanxiong established with pCEC and HPLC are suitable to identify samples from different sources and can be used to control the quality of raw herbs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Principal properties (PPs) for lanthanide triflates as Lewis‐acid catalysts
Authors: Fortuna C. G. , Musumarra G. , Nardi M. , Procopio A. , Sindona G. , Scirè S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA multivariate insight into lanthanide triflates descriptors allowed derivation of three principal properties (PPs). The first one resembling the lanthanide sequence in the periodic table, the second one reflecting the discontinuity in lanthanides properties, the so called 'gadolinium break', and the third one related to the change of coordination number of Ln ions in aqueous solution from nine to eight around Sm–Gd. Experimental support to the predicting ability of the above PPs as descriptors in the prediction of the yields for the synthesis of α‐tocopherol from a selected set of four triflate catalysts (La, Eu, Er, Lu) was provided, opening new horizons for a rational selection in multivariate experimental design of Ln triflates catalysed organic reactions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzyme‐Catalysed Synthesis and Absolute Configuration Assignments of cis‐Dihydrodiol Metabolites from 1,4‐Disubstituted Benzenes
Authors: Boyd Derek R. , Sharma Narain D. , Coen Gerard P. , Gray Peter J. , Malone John F. , Gawronski Jacek 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA series of ten cis‐dihydrodiol metabolites has been obtained by bacterial biotransformation of the corresponding 1,4‐disubstituted benzene substrates using Pseudomonas putida UV4, a source of toluene dioxygenase (TDO). Their enantiomeric excess (ee) values have been established using chiral stationary phase HPLC and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Absolute configurations of the majority of cis‐dihydrodiols have been established using stereochemical correlation and X‐ray crystallography and the remainder have been tentatively assigned using NMR spectroscopic methods but finally confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. These configurational assignments support and extend the validity of an empirical model, previously used to predict the preferred stereochemistry of TDO‐catalysed cis‐dihydroxylation of ten 1,4‐disubstituted benzene substrates, to more than twenty‐five examples.
Double Aromaticity in Monocyclic Carbon, Boron, and Borocarbon Rings Based on Magnetic Criteria
Authors: Wodrich Matthew D. , Corminboeuf Clémence , Park Sung Soo , Schleyer Paul von Ragué 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe double‐aromatic character of selected monocyclic carbon, boron, and borocarbon rings is demonstrated by refined nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) analyses involving the contributions of individual canonical MOs and their out‐of‐plane NICS tensor component (CMO‐NICSzz). The double aromaticity considered results from two mutually orthogonal Hückel p AO frameworks in a single molecule. The familiar π orbitals are augmented by the in‐plane delocalization of electrons occupying sets of radial (rad) p orbitals. Such double aromaticity is present in B3−, C6H3+, C64+, C4B44+, C6, C5B2, C4B4, C2B8, B102−, B12, C10, C9B2, C8B4, C7B6, C6B8, and C14. Monocyclic C8 and C12 are doubly antiaromatic, as both the orthogonal π and radial Hückel sets are paratropic. Planar C7 and C9 monocycles have mixed aromatic (π) and antiaromatic (radial) systems.
Comparison of RNA yield from small cell populations sorted by flow cytometry applying different isolation procedures
Authors: Mack Elisabeth , Neubauer Andreas , Brendel Cornelia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground:RNA from sorted cell populations is crucial in many instances. We therefore compared four current protocols for RNA isolation, with regard to mRNA yield and purity. Moreover, we examined the effects on RNA recovery caused by different storage reagents.Methods:Small populations of K562 cells or PMBC were sorted into the lysing reagent and subjected to RNA extraction, employing either phase separation extraction using an acidic guanidinium–isothiocyanate reagent (TriFast™ reagent), the silica‐gel membrane‐based spin‐column technology (RNeasy Mini‐/Micro‐Kit™), or the isolation via paramagnetic oligo(d)T‐beads (μMACS™). Cells designated for delayed RNA isolation were kept either in RNAlater™, Qiagen Buffer RLT™, TriFast™ or PrepProtect™, or simply frozen after pelleting from PBS. The mRNA yield was determined by quantitative RT‐PCR.Results:Performing unpaired two‐tailed t‐tests revealed that RNA was extracted in significantly higher amounts using magnetic bead isolation. This method also allowed best discrimination of induced IL2 gene expression. In contrast, phase separation extraction showed the highest rate of failures. Intermediate storage reduced RNA yield. Contamination by genomic DNA was detected in several samples subjected to phase separation or silica‐gel membrane‐based spin‐column extraction.Conclusions:Our results reveal advantages and disadvantages of RNA isolation procedures for small numbers of sorted cells and, therefore, facilitate the decision for the most appropriate protocol in a particular experimental context. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Different levels of CD52 antigen expression evaluated by quantitative fluorescence cytometry are detected on B‐lymphocytes, CD 34+ cells and tumor cells of patients with chronic B‐cell lymphoproliferative diseases
Authors: Klabusay Martin , Sukova Vera , Coupek Petr , Brychtova Yvona , Mayer Jiri 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground:The success of treatment using monoclonal antibodies in oncology is influenced by, among other factors, the level of target antigen expression on tumor cells. The authors analyzed the intensity of the CD52 antigen expression in patients with chronic lymphoproliferative diseases and compared them with B‐lymphocytes of a healthy population and CD34+ cells in peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) grafts.Methods:Recently diagnosed and previously untreated patients with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL), mantle‐cell lymphoma (MCL), or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) were evaluated and compared with control group and CD34+ cells. The intensity of CD52 was expressed in molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome units (MESF) and antibody‐binding capacity (ABC).Results:In the group of patients with B‐CLL, the CD52 level on tumor cells (245 × 103 MESF; 107 × 103 ABC) was significantly lower than on B‐lymphocytes of the control group (446 × 103 MESF; 194 × 103 ABC; P < 0.001) and SLL tumor cells (526 × 103 MESF; 229 × 103 ABC; P < 0.001). The CD52 antigen was expressed on a majority of CD34+ cells, but its expression intensity was low (101 × 103 MESF; 44 × 103 ABC).Conclusions:Our data demonstrate differences in the intensity of the CD52 antigen expression between B‐lymphocytes and tumor lymphocytes of B‐CLL patients, and between B‐CLL and SLL tumor cells. CD52 antigen is expressed at low level on CD34+ cells. © 2007 Clinical Cytometry Society
Tocotrienols and cancer: Beyond antioxidant activity
Authors: Nesaretnam Kalanithi , Yew Wong Weng , Wahid Mohd Basri 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe edible oil industry has emerged as an important provider of raw material for the extraction of vitamin E. Vegetable oils, especially the seed oils, are rich sources of tocopherols. However, in palm oil, vitamin E occurs as a complex mixture of tocopherols and tocotrienols. Various tocotrienol isomers of vitamin E in palm oil have been reported to possess interesting biological and physiological properties not generally evident with tocopherol‐rich vitamin E preparations. They include potential blood cholesterol‐lowering and cardioprotective effects, more efficient antioxidant activity in biological systems, and possible anti‐cancer and neuroprotective effects. With the emergence of palm oil as the largest edible oil in world markets, technology is now available to extract tocotrienol‐rich palm vitamin E. Initiatives in Malaysia to manufacture biodiesel will further generate large amounts of micronutrients, especially tocotrienols, to be available to the nutraceutical and functional food industry.
Palm oil production through sustainable plantations
Authors: Basiron Yusof 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Malaysian oil palm industry is one of the most highly organised sectors of any national agriculture system of the world. Today, though, the focus has shifted to how well agriculture also meets universally accepted standards of sustainability. This paper highlights the development of oil palm cultivation and responsible farming practices in Malaysia, the world's largest producer of palm oil. The oil palm has had a natural head start in fulfilling sustainability indicators due to its plant physiology of high productivity and efficient carbon assimilation. Over the last 50 years, R&D activities and technological advances have helped raise yields and reduce inputs, thereby maximising oil production from a smaller land area than used for other food crops. Palm oil is now a major source of sustainable and renewable raw material for the world's food, oleochemical and biofuel industries. Involvement in cultivation or downstream activities has uplifted the quality of life of people, a key plank of the sustainability platform. In particular, this has helped alleviate poverty among landless farmers in Malaysia. Industry players have recently joined hands with other stakeholders to pursue certification of sustainably produced palm oil with full traceability. Also being explored are measures to conserve forests with high value and the wildlife population.
Comparative analysis of triacylglycerol composition, melting properties and polymorphic behavior of palm oil and fractions
Authors: Braipson‐Danthine Sabine , Gibon Véronique 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPalm oil is without doubt the most widely fractionated oil. Dry fractionation is based on differences in the melting points of triacylglycerols (TAG) which will crystallize selectively during the cooling process. Unfortunately, limitations due to intersolubility, closely linked to polymorphism, induce formation of co‐crystals at each crystallization step. For this reason, only restricted TAG enrichments are observed. In this work, a series of samples (24) of palm oil, solid and liquid fractions (stearins, mid fractions, oleins and superoleins) have been selected and examined in terms of TAG composition (by HPLC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) melting profile and variable temperature powder X‐ray diffraction pattern. Three major endotherms [low‐melting, high‐melting and very high‐melting peaks (LMP, HMP and VHMP)] are detected in the DSC melting profiles (5 °C/min). The VHMP is only recorded for palm stearin which contains more SSS components. The HMP contribution is weak for palm olein and even not observed for palm super oleins. The LMP is usually made up of UUU, SUU and SUS components; SUS components are observed in both LMP and HMP; the HMP is also made up of some SSS, except for palm oleins and super oleins. Sub‐α2, sub‐α1, α, β'2, β'1 and β polymorphic forms are recorded; the LMP components preferentially crystallize in sub‐α2, sub‐α1 and α forms; the HMP components generally crystallize in β'2 and β'1, with a tendency to exhibit β crystals, depending on the SSS content. Components of the VHMP have an increased tendency to stabilize in the β form; in view of the results, we can assume that there is a clear relationship between TAG composition, melting properties and polymorphic behavior and of palm oil and fractions.
Recent Development of Regio‐ and Stereoselective Aminohalogenation Reaction of Alkenes
Authors: Li Guigen , Kotti S. R. S. Saibabu , Timmons Cody 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis microreview presents the development of the catalytic aminohalogenation of olefins. The olefin substrates include electron‐deficient and functionalized ones, such as α,β‐unsaturated esters, α,β‐unsaturated ketones and α,β‐unsaturated nitriles. In addition, the first asymmetric aminohalogenation by the use of Evans chiral auxiliaries is also discussed. The convincing evidence is provided to support the aziridinium mechanism of aminohalogenation reaction. The applications of this reaction are described by converting vicinal haloamines into other important synthetic building blocks. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Novel and Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of D‐Glucose 6‐Phosphate and Molecular Modeling Studies on the Selective Biocatalysis
Authors: Rodríguez‐Pérez Tatiana , Lavandera Iván , Fernández Susana , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Ferrero Miguel , Gotor Vicente 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA concise chemoenzymatic synthesis of glucose 6‐phosphate is described. Candida rugosa lipase was found to be an efficient catalyst for both regio‐ and stereoselective deacetylation of the primary hydroxy group in the peracetylated D‐glucose. In addition, we report an improved synthesis of 1,2,3,4,6‐penta‐O‐acetyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranose providing a large‐scale procedure for the acetylation of α‐D‐glucose without isomerization at the anomeric center. The high overall yield and the easy scalability makes this chemoenzymatic strategy attractive for industrial application. Furthermore, molecular modeling of phosphonate transition‐state analog for the enzymatic hydrolysis step supports the substrate selectivity observed with Candida rugosa lipase.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Brief report: decreased bone mineral density as a long‐term complication of teenage‐onset anorexia nervosa
Authors: Wentz Elisabet , Mellström Dan , Gillberg I Carina , Gillberg Christopher , Råstam Maria 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo follow up bone mineral density (BMD) 4 years after decreased BMD was diagnosed in adult individuals with teenage‐onset anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodIn a previous study BMD was assessed in 39 individuals (36 women, 3 men) 11 years after AN onset. Decreased BMD occurred in a minority. In the present study, a 4‐year follow‐up of individuals with decreased BMD, 11 AN women were reassessed by using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Two women still had an eating disorder (ED).ResultsEight out of eleven women met criteria for decreased BMD/osteoporosis. There was an increase in BMD of total body and lumbar spine (LS). There was a relationship between lumbar BMD and BMI.ConclusionAt follow‐up of decreased BMD in adult women with teenage‐onset of AN, there is a possibility of improvement of BMD. © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Rapid high‐resolution karyotyping with precise identification of chromosome breakpoints
Authors: Mao Xueying , James Sharon Y. , Yáñez‐Muñoz Rafael J. , Chaplin Tracy , Molloy Gael , Oliver R. Tim D. , Young Bryan D. , Lu Yong‐Jie 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMany techniques have been developed in recent years for genome‐wide analysis of genetic alterations, but no current approach is capable of rapidly identifying all chromosome rearrangements with precise definition of breakpoints. Combining multiple color fluorescent in situ hybridization and high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism array analyses, we present here an approach for high resolution karyotyping and fast identification of chromosome breakpoints. We characterized all of the chromosome amplifications and deletions, and most of the chromosome translocation breakpoints of three prostate cancer cell lines at a resolution which can be further analyzed by sequence‐based techniques. Genes at the breakpoints were readily determined and potentially fused genes identified. Using high‐density exon arrays we simultaneously confirmed altered exon expression patterns in many of these breakpoint genes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Auditing your offshore outsource
Authors: Iijima Timothy 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOffshore outsourcing has grown dramatically in recent years. But while offshore outsourcing can save money, management can't then afford to go off and focus on other objectives. Companies must painstakingly document the kind and quality of service they expect from any offshore provider. And then companies must constantly monitor what the outsource is doing. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Greatest IT audit and security risks of 2006
Authors: Smith Gordon 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn expert in IT audit and security reveals the greatest audit risks discovered by his firm in 2006. An overemphasis on Sarbanes‐Oxley (SOX)‐related servers left companies with fewer resources to identify other risks. The author explains what they are and how to eliminate them. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The audit committee and corporate complaints
Authors: Colbert Jan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) imposed many requirements on audit committees and management. For example, SOX Section 301 requires the audit committee to set up special procedures for handling complaints about accounting, auditing, and internal controls. The author explains what you need to know. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Making a balanced scorecard program a success: Beyond the measure‐selection process
Authors: Albright Tom , Burgess Christopher M. , Davis Stan B. , Juras Paul E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article explains some practical lessons learned from developing and implementing balanced scorecard programs in businesses having up to 800 employees. To avoid implementation pitfalls, the article provides some recommendations that can have a positive effect on any balanced scorecard initiative. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.