bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hard Palate Repair Timing and Facial Growth in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Liao Yu-Fang , Cole Timothy J. , Mars Michael 
Published: December 2005

Objective: To investigate whether timing of hard palate repair had a significant effect on facial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design: Retrospective longitudinal study. Setting: Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Project. Patients: A total of 104 patients with nonsyndromic UCLP who had hard palate repair by age 13 years, with their 290 cephalometric radiographs taken after lip and palate repair. Main Outcome Measures: Clinical notes were used to record surgical treatment histories. Cephalometry was used to determine facial morphology and growth rate. Results: Timing of hard palate repair had a significant effect on the length and protrusion of the alveolar maxilla (PMP-A and SNA, respectively) and the anteroposterior alveolar jaw relation (ANB) at age 20 years but not on their growth rates. Conclusion: Timing of hard palate repair significantly affects the growth of the maxilla in patients with UCLP. Late hard palate repair has a smaller adverse effect than does early hard palate repair on the growth of the maxilla. This timing effect primarily affects the anteroposterior development of the maxillary dentoalveolus and is attributed to the development being undisturbed before closure of the hard palate.
Impact of Land Disturbance on the Fate of Arsenical Pesticides
Authors: Renshaw Carl E. , Bostick Benjamin C. , Feng Xiahong , Wong Christine K. , Winston Elizabeth S. , Karimi Roxanne , Folt Carol L. , Chen Celia Y. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTIncreasing development of historic farmlands raises questions regarding the fate of pesticides applied when these land were in cultivation. We quantified As and Pb budgets in field soils in two orchards where arsenical pesticides were applied in the early 20th century and a third uncontaminated control field. Sequential extractions and X‐ray analyses also were used to determine mineral phases. In addition, we measured metal loads in drainages adjacent to the fields and in two common macroinvertebrate taxa within the wetland at the outlet of the drainages. We find that the applied As and Pb have undergone little vertical redistribution; concentrations of As and Pb in the top 25 cm of contaminated orchard soils are higher than in the uncontaminated control field. However, none of the applied lead arsenate (PbHAsO4) remains in its original mineral phase. Instead, the metals are now primarily adsorbed onto fine silt and clay‐sized amorphous oxides and organic matter. Further, physical erosion associated with tilling and replanting appears to have mobilized the fine‐particulate‐bound As and Pb in one orchard. The remobilized metals are found in sediments in the stream channel draining the tilled orchard. It is unclear if the As and Pb transported sediments are biologically active; average macroinvertebrate metal burdens in the wetland are not elevated above those observed elsewhere in the region. However, little of the mobilized metals may have reached the wetland. These results demonstrate that land use change can significantly impact the retention of arsenical pesticides.
Environmental Load ofCryptosporidium parvumOocysts from Cattle Manure in Feedlots from the Central and Western United States
Authors: Atwill Edward R. , Pereira Maria Das Gracas C. , Alonso L. Herrera , Elmi Cyrus , Epperson William B. , Smith Robert , Riggs Walter , Carpenter Linda V. , Dargatz David A. , Hoar Bruce 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTThe first step in assessing the risk of water contamination byCryptosporidium parvumoocysts from feedlot cattle (Bos taurus) production systems is to quantify the number ofC. parvumoocysts present in the fecal material deposited by feedlot cattle. Our primary objective for this project was to estimate the daily environmental load ofC. parvumoocysts in fecal material deposited by feedlot cattle from across the central and western USA. Our secondary goal was to genotype isolates ofC. parvumfrom feedlot cattle to help facilitate proper identification of mammalian sources of waterborneC. parvumBased on 5274 fecal samples from 22 feedlots in seven states (California, Washington, Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, Nebraska, and South Dakota), we estimated a point prevalence ofC. parvumof 0.99 to 1.08% in fecal material from feedlot pens from a wide range of climates and a diverse range of feedlot management systems. On average, fresh fecal material from throughout feedlot systems (recent arrivals to nearing slaughter) contained about 1.3 to 3.6 oocysts/g feces, which roughly translates to about 2.8 × 104to 1.4 × 105oocysts/animal perday.
Changing Technology Trends, Transition Dynamics, and Growth Accounting
Authors: Pakko Michael R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
The technology growth trends that underlie recent productivity patterns are investigated in a framework that incorporates investment-specific technological progress. Structural-break tests and regime-shifting models reveal the presence of a downward shift in total factor productivity growth in the late 1960s and an upward shift in investment-specific technology growth in the mid-1980s. In both cases, these breaks precede the generally recognized dates of labor productivity growth shifts. Simulations of technology growth shocks in a basic neoclassical model show that induced patterns of capital accumulation are generally consistent with the observed lags between technological advances and changes in productivity growth.
New temperature integral approximation for nonisothermal kinetics
Authors: Cai Junmeng , Yao Fusheng , Yi Weiming , He Fang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA new approximation for the temperature integral has been obtained by using Pattern Search method. The corresponding equation for the evaluation of kinetic parameters is presented, which can be put in the form

The validity of the new temperature integral approximation has been tested by numerical calculation. Its deviation from the values calculated by numerical integrating was discussed. Compared with several published approximate formulas, this new one is much superior to all other approximations, and is the most suitable solution for the evaluation of kinetic parameters from nonisothermal kinetic analysis. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Removal of moisture contamination from porous polymeric low‐k dielectric films
Authors: Iqbal Asad , Juneja Harpreet , Yao Junpin , Shadman Farhang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractUltra low‐k dielectrics are expected to replace SiO2 as the interlayer dielectric for the next‐generation microelectronic devices. A challenge facing the integration of these dielectrics in manufacturing is their interactions with gaseous contaminants, such as moisture, and the resulting change in their properties. The physical and chemical interactions of moisture with porous spin‐on dielectric material are investigated using temperature‐ and concentration‐programmed exposure and purge sequence together with trace moisture analysis, using atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. The model compound in this study is methylsilsesquioxane, deposited and treated under typical manufacturing conditions. A process model is developed that provides information on the mechanism and kinetics of moisture uptake and release in thin porous films. The model elucidates the effect of film properties on the contamination uptake as well as outgassing; it also provides a valuable tool for designing an optimum process for contamination control and removal in porous films. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Prediction of electropolymerization mechanisms of two substituted phenylene: Poly‐3‐methoxy‐toluenes (P3mt1 and P3mt2)
Authors: Ayachi S. , Bouzakraoui S. , Hamidi M. , Bouachrine M. , Molinié P. , Alimi K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractP3mt1 and P3mt2 were electrochemically synthesized using two different electrolyte supports H2SO4 and TEABF4, respectively. First, it was deduced from density functional theory (DFT) calculations that the electronic and steric effects govern polymerization mechanism of the radical monomers. Second, DFT combined with experimental spectroscopic analyses (ESR, Infrared, Raman, and 13C NMR) demonstrate that H2SO4 or TEABF4 could generate a homogenous or heterogeneous coupling site, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 57–64, 2006
Dynamic expression of LIM cofactors in the developing mouse neural tube
Authors: Ostendorff Heather P. , Tursun Baris , Cornils Kerstin , Schlüter Anne , Drung Alexander , Güngör Cenap , Bach Ingolf 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe developmental regulation of LIM homeodomain transcription factors (LIM‐HD) by the LIM domain‐binding cofactors CLIM/Ldb/NLI and RLIM has been demonstrated. Whereas CLIM cofactors are thought to be required for at least some of the in vivo functions of LIM‐HD proteins, the ubiquitin ligase RLIM functions as a negative regulator by its ability to target CLIM cofactors for proteasomal degradation. In this report, we have investigated and compared the protein expression of both factors in the developing mouse neural tube. We co‐localize both proteins in many tissues and, although widely expressed, we detect high levels of both cofactors in specific neural tube regions, e.g., in the ventral neural tube, where motor neurons reside. The mostly ubiquitous distribution of RLIM‐ and CLIM‐encoding mRNA differs from the more specific expression of both cofactors at the protein level, indicating post‐transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, we show that both cofactors not only co‐localize with each other but also with Isl and Lhx3 LIM‐HD proteins in developing ventral neural tube neurons. Our results demonstrate the dynamic expression of cofactors participating in the regulation of LIM‐HD proteins during the development of the neural tube in mice and suggest additional post‐transcriptional regulation in the nuclear LIM‐HD protein network. Developmental Dynamics 235:786–791, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial toxicity in hearts of CD‐1 mice following perinatal exposure to AZT, 3TC, or AZT/3TC in combination
Authors: Chan Sherine S.L. , Santos Janine H. , Meyer Joel N. , Mandavilli Bhaskar S. , Cook Dennis L. , McCash Consuelo L. , Kissling Grace E. , Nyska Abraham , Foley Julie F. , van Houten Bennett , Copeland William C. , Walker Vernon E. , Witt Kristine L. , Bishop Jack B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAntiretroviral therapies based on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), like zidovudine (3′‐azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine; AZT) and lamivudine ((‐)2′,3′‐dideoxy‐3′‐thiacytidine; 3TC), markedly reduce mother‐to‐child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, AZT induces damage in nuclear DNA of mice exposed in utero and postnatally, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage has been observed in both human and mouse neonates following perinatal exposure to AZT and AZT/3TC in combination. To provide animal data modeling the NRTI‐induced heart damage reported in human infants, we treated pregnant CD‐1 mice throughout gestation and treated their pups by direct gavage from postnatal day (PND) 4 through PND 28 with daily doses of 150 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day AZT, 75 mg/kg bw/day 3TC, 125/62.5 mg/kg bw/day AZT/3TC, or the vehicle control. Half the pups were euthanized on PND 28; the remainder received no further dosing, and were euthanized at week 10. Heart tissue was collected, total DNA was extracted, and mtDNA copy number relative to nuclear DNA copy number, mtDNA damage, and mtDNA mutation assays were performed using PCR‐based methods. Analyses revealed increases in mtDNA lesions in 4‐week‐old males and females treated with AZT or 3TC, but not in 10‐week‐old mice, suggesting that the damage resolved after treatment ceased. Interestingly, 10‐week‐old females treated with AZT/3TC had significant increases in mtDNA damage. Point mutations were elevated in 10‐week‐old females treated with AZT or AZT/3TC, but not 3TC; no increases in mutations were seen in either gender at 4 weeks of age. Our data suggest that AZT/3TC combination treatment produces greater mtDNA damage than either agent individually, and that female mice are more sensitive than males to AZT/3TC‐induced mtDNA damage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotoxicity of vesicular fluid and saline extract of Taenia solium metacestodes in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Silva Luciana Pereira , Costa‐Cruz Julia Maria , Spanó Mário Antônio , Graf Ulrich 
Published: January 2006

AbstractNeurocysticercosis, the most common parasitic disease of the central nervous system, is caused by cysticerci of the helminth Taenia solium, which is prevalent in developing countries and is reemerging in affluent societies. This helminth is associated with brain tumors and hematological malignancies in humans. In the present study, we analyzed the genotoxicity of vesicular fluid (VF) and a saline extract (SE) of T. solium metacestodes in the Drosophila melanogaster wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART). Third‐instar larvae derived from standard and high bioactivation crosses were treated for approximately 48 hr with 12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 μg/ml of VF and SE of T. solium metacestodes. Negative (phosphate buffered saline) and positive (10 mM urethane) controls were also included. The results showed that the two test compounds were genotoxic in both crosses of Drosophila. Nevertheless, further research is needed to determine the genotoxic potential of specific compounds present in VF and SE and their role in the development of cancer. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic alterations in K‐ras and p53 cancer genes in lung neoplasms from Swiss (CD‐1) male mice exposed transplacentally to AZT
Authors: Hong Hue‐Hua L. , Dunnick June , Herbert Ronald , Devereux Theodora R. , Kim Yongbaek , Sills Robert C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA transplacental carcinogenicity study was conducted by exposing pregnant Swiss (CD‐1) mice to 0, 50, 100, 200, or 300 mg of 3′‐azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine (AZT)/kg bw/day, through a 18 to 19‐day gestation [National Toxicology Program, NIH Pub. No. 04‐4458, 2004]. The incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinomas, in the 200 and 300 mg/kg male treatment groups, were significantly greater than that of the controls. In the present study, we evaluated the benign and malignant lung neoplasms from this bioassay for point mutations, in the K‐ras and p53 cancer genes that are often mutated in human lung tumors. K‐ras and p53 mutations were detected by cycle sequencing of polymerase chain reaction‐amplified DNA, isolated from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded neoplasms. K‐ras mutations were detected in 25 of 38 (66%) of the AZT‐induced lung tumors, and the predominant mutations were codon 12 G→T transversions. p53 mutations were detected in 32 of 38 (84%) of the AZT‐induced lung tumors, with the predominant mutations being exon 8, codon 285 A→T transversions, and exon 6, codon 198 T→A transversions. No K‐ras or p53 mutations were detected in five tumors, examined from control mice. The patterns of mutations identified in the lung tumors suggest that incorporation of AZT or its metabolites into DNA, oxidative stress, and genomic instability may be the contributing factors to the mutation profile and development of lung cancer in these mice. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SPH computation of plunging waves using a 2‐D sub‐particle scale (SPS) turbulence model
Authors: Shao Songdong , Ji Changming 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe paper presents a 2‐D large eddy simulation (LES) modelling approach to investigate the properties of the plunging waves. The numerical model is based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. SPH is a mesh‐free Lagrangian particle approach which is capable of tracking the free surfaces of large deformation in an easy and accurate way. The Smagorinsky model is used as the turbulence model due to its simplicity and effectiveness. The proposed 2‐D SPH–LES model is applied to a cnoidal wave breaking and plunging over a mild slope. The computations are in good agreement with the documented data. Especially the computed turbulence quantities under the breaking waves agree better with the experiments as compared with the numerical results obtained by using thek–ε model. The sensitivity analyses of the SPH–LES computations indicate that both the turbulence model and the spatial resolution play an important role in the model predictions and the contributions from the sub‐particle scale (SPS) turbulence decrease with the particle size refinement. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, urokinase receptor and laminin γ‐2 chain is an early coordinated event in incipient oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lindberg Pia , Larsson Åke , Nielsen Boye Schnack 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCancer cell invasion is facilitated by extracellular matrix degrading proteases such as plasmin. We have studied the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) and urokinase receptor (uPAR) together with the γ2‐chain of laminin‐5 (lam‐γ2) by immunohistochemistry in 20 cases with incipient oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). PAI‐1‐positive neoplastic cells located at the tip of the putative invasive front of grade 1 (incipient) carcinoma were seen in 16 of the 20 cases (75%), whereas adjacent normal and dysplastic epithelium was PAI‐1‐negative. Clusters of putative invasive neoplastic cells located in the lamina propria were PAI‐1‐positive in areas with grade 2 incipient carcinoma as were invasive cancer cells in areas of grade 3–4 invasive carcinoma. uPAR immunoreactivity was strongly expressed in numerous stromal cells in the carcinoma area in all 20 lesions, while a few uPAR‐positive stromal cells were found in areas with normal and dysplastic epithelium. uPAR‐positive neoplastic cell islands located at the front of the lesions were seen in 15 of the 20 cases. The expression pattern of lam‐γ2 was very similar to that of PAI‐1; however, lam‐γ2‐positive neoplastic cells were only detected in 11 of the 20 cases (55%) in areas of grade 1 incipient carcinoma. Direct comparison of the 3 components revealed colocalization in neoplastic cell islands in both incipient and invasive SCC. Our results suggest that PAI‐1 is a novel potential marker of initial invasion in oral SCC, and that the coordinated expression of PAI‐1 with uPAR and lam‐γ2 sustain the features of the early invasive cancer cells. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary administration with prenyloxycoumarins, auraptene and collinin, inhibits colitis‐related colon carcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Kohno Hiroyuki , Suzuki Rikako , Curini Massimo , Epifano Francesco , Maltese Federica , Gonzales Sylvia Prieto , Tanaka Takuji 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe previously reported the chemopreventive ability of a prenyloxycoumarin auraptene in chemically induced carcinogenesis in digestive tract, liver and urinary bladder of rodents. The current study was designed to determine whether dietary feeding of auraptene and its related prenyloxycoumarin collinin can inhibit colitis‐related mouse colon carcinogenesis. The experimental diets, containing the compounds at 2 dose levels (0.01 and 0.05%), were fed for 17 weeks to male CD‐1 (ICR) mice that were initiated with a single intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg body weight) and promoted by 1% (w/v) DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Their tumor inhibitory effects were assessed at week 20 by counting the incidence and multiplicity of colonic neoplasms and the immunohistochemical expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐labeling index, apoptotic index, cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2, inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine in colonic epithelial malignancy. Feeding with auraptene or collinin, at both doses, significantly inhibited the occurrence of colonic adenocarcinoma. In addition, feeding with auraptene or collinin significantly lowered the positive rates of PCNA, COX‐2, iNOS and nitrotyrosine in adenocarcinomas, while the treatment increased the apoptotic index in colonic malignancies. Our findings may suggest that certain prenyloxycoumarins, such as auraptene and collinin, could serve as an effective agent against colitis‐related colon cancer development in rodents. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial characteristics of autoimmune and hematologic disorders in 8,406 multiple myeloma patients: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Landgren Ola , Linet Martha S. , McMaster Mary L. , Gridley Gloria , Hemminki Kari , Goldin Lynn R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA population‐based case‐control study was conducted to evaluate risk of developing multiple myeloma (MM) associated with personal history of autoimmune diseases and occurrence of autoimmune and selected hematologic disorders in first‐degree relatives. Data were obtained for all (n = 8,406) MM cases diagnosed in Sweden (1958–1998), with linkable relatives, 16,543 matched controls and first‐degree relatives of cases (n = 22,490) and controls (n = 44,436). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to quantify the risk of MM in relation to personal/family history of 32 autoimmune disorders. Familial aggregation of malignancies was evaluated in a marginal survival model using relatives as the cohort. The risk for MM was significantly elevated among subjects with a personal history of pernicious anemia (OR = 3.27; 2.22–4.83) and individuals with a family history of systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 2.66; 1.12–6.32). Compared with controls, relative risk (RR) of MM was significantly increased (RR = 1.67; 1.02–2.73) in relatives of cases, particularly relatives of probands aged ≥65 at diagnosis (RR = 2.50; 1.19–5.27). Risks were nearly 4‐fold elevated among female relatives (RR = 3.97; 1.54–10.2) and among relatives of female probands (RR = 3.74; 1.58–8.83). MM cases had more cases of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) among their relatives than controls, but the numbers were too small to be conclusive. There was generally no increase in risk of MM in probands whose relatives had hematologic malignancies other than MM. These findings do not support a strong association between personal/familial autoimmune diseases and MM. However, MM itself shows significant familial aggregation, implicating the etiologic importance of this type of hematological neoplasm and perhaps MGUS in germ line genes. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.