bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentrations and Distribution of Some Mineral Elements in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Plants in Relation to Nitrogen Supply
Authors: Kullmann A. , Ogunlela V. B. , Geisler G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of N nutrition (30, 100 or 170 ppm N) on the concentrations and distribution of P, K, Ca, and Mg in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Leaf K concentration increased with increasing N supply up to 100 ppm N, as did leaf Mg after the bloom stage. Leaf Ca decreased with increasing N nutrition but P concentration was unaffected. Lower leaves had higher P concentrations than did the upper leaves. P, Ca and Mg concentrations in the roots at 34 days before bloom (DBB) declined when N supply was increased but K concentration was unaffected. At 10 and 44 days after bloom (DAB) P concentrations in the roots, stem and branches increased with N supply; whereas K, Ca and Mg concentrations did not respond. Concentrations of P in the pods increased with N nutrition up to 100 ppm N but those of K, Ca and Mg in the pods, hull and seeds were unaffected by N nutrition. P concentrations in the hull and in the seeds also increased with N supply. Most of the K and Ca were in the leaves while the least were in the seeds. Most of the P accumulated in the seeds and roots; whereas the hull contained the least. Of the four nutrients analyzed for, P concentrations were generally the lowest in the various plant parts and K concentrations the highest. Ca/Mg ratios for the hull and branches were increased by 100 ppm N and the ratios for the leaves, pods and seeds were unaffected by N nutrition.
Changes in Soil Physical Properties After Intercropping as Against Sole Cropping
Authors: Mathan K. K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo field trials under irrigated conditions were conducted in red sandy loam soils of Palathurai series (Typic Haplustalf) at Coimbatore to evaluate the changes in physical properties when intercropping was introduced to a pure crop system. The results of the first crop indicated that intercropping of sorghum (CSH 5)‐lab lab (CO 9) system was found to improve the physical properties such as hydraulic conductivity, total porosity, aggregate stability and stability index when compared to pure crop of either sorghum or lab lab. The results of the second crop indicated that the bulk density of soil was not significantly altered by intercropping. When a legume was introduced as an intercrop to a cereal crop the physical properties such as total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability and stability index were not affected but when the cereal was introduced to a legume, the above parameter significantly improved.
Gene Action in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke)
Authors: Pethani K. V. , Dave H. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGrain yield was largely governed by non‐additive (SCA) type of gene action with the significant existence of additive (GCA) type of gene action. GCA variance due to females was significant whereas due to males was non‐significant under all environments. SCA variance was highly susceptible to the changing environments as compared to GCA component of females, whereas GCA component of males was not at all interacting with environments. Proportion of SCA and GCA variances distorted on pooling the data and was contradictory. Such distortion of the proportion on pooling was observed due to large amount of g x e interactions. Impact of interaction of genetic variance components with environments, its proportion, utility and breeding approaches are discussed.
The Effect of Component Frequency and Plant Density on Yields of Cultivar Mixtures in Spring Faba Beans
Authors: Tarhuni A. M. , McNeilly T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of plant density and component frequency was examined in mixtures of two spring faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars Donas and Minden grown in a replacement series experiment in the field. There were two densities, 44 and 25 plants m−2.At low density mixtures yielded significantly more (+ 22.5 %) than the mean of the components grown in monoculture. The advantage was considerably reduced (+ 7.8 %) at high density. A frequency dependent advantage was observed when the proportion of the components in mixtures was varied. At high density and when averaged over the two densities, the greatest yield advantages were obtained when Danas, the high yielding component represented 75 % of the mixture, whilst at low density the greatest advantage was achieved at 50 : 50 mixture. Such gains were either due to component co‐operation or complementation type interactions.Mixtures produced greater total dry weights and more podded nodes per plant than the mean of the components. The remaining characters had values which were more or less similar for monocultures and mixtures.
Effect of Sesbania rostrata on Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Lowland Rice
Authors: Kalidurai M. , Kannaiyan S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNitrogen inputs into rice fields can be increased by cultivation of green manure crops. Many Sesbania species have been generally grown by the rice farmers in India and these green manures are capable of contributing significant amount of nitrogen in 45 to 90 days period by their association with the nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacterium –Rhizobium. Field experiments conducted at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, during Dry and Wet seasons in 1987–88 with medium duration (145 days) rice variety CO 43. Sesbania rostrata produced higher biomass on 60th day after sowing and accumulated higher percentage of nitrogen. Application of fertilizer nitrogen with S. rostrata have increased the nitrogen uptake and yield of rice.
Stärke‐ und Amylosegehalte in blattreichen und blattarmen Sorten von Mark‐ und Futtererbsen
Authors: Haeder H. E. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Starch and amylose content in conventional and semi‐leafless cultivars of garden and field peas Small‐plot experiments were carried out with conventional and semi‐foliated cultivars of garden and field peas (Pisum sativum, ssp. medulare and ssp. sativum) to investigate the effect of increasing potassium dressings on starch, amylose and sugars in mature seeds during two years.Field peas compared with garden peas produced: (1) 2 times higher seed yields, (2) 1.6 times higher starch contents (41–44 % DM), (3) nearly comparable amylose contents (17 % DM), (4) 3 times higher amylopec‐tin contents (26 % DM), (5) 4 times lower sugar contents (1.6 % DM).In the presently existing cultivars field peas are by far superior to garden peas with regard to amylose production per area. Compared with conventional cultivars the semi‐leafless types of both subspecies yielded the same seed weights, and they differed in no respect in the seed components analysed.Improved potassium nutrition increased yields of seeds and straw, but had no significant effect on the seed components analysed.
Effect of Date of Planting, Genotype and Source of Seed on Disease Incidence, Yield, and Agronomic Performance of Soybean
Authors: Omer M. A. , Sapra V. T. , Pacumbaba R. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFour soybean genotypes chosen from four seed sources were planted in a factorial arrangement on four dates in a split‐plot design at the Alabama A & M Experimental Station on a Decatur silt clay loam soil. The highest vigor index was recorded from seeds harvested from the 4th date of planting. These seeds had the lowest level of Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora infection, indicating that vigor index, as a measurement of seed quality, was negatively correlated with the level of infection by soybean stem canker pathogen. Seed yield was highest at the 2nd date of planting and lowest at the 4th date of planting. Tracy‐M and Bedford confirmed previous reports on their resistance and susceptibility, respectively, to soybean stem canker. All the genotypes performed their best at the 2nd date of planting. Source of seeds appeared to have little effect on the performance of the plant in the field.
Effect of Ten Successive Rollings on Soil Physical Properties and Yield of Groundnut (var. TMV 3) in a Very Permeable Sandy Soil in Southern India
Authors: Natesan R. , Mathan K. K. , Rajkannan B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTrial in a farmer's holding, which was sandy containing 80‐90 per cent of fine and coarse sand fraction, was conducted to evaluate the effect of ten successive rollings by 400 kg stone roller (1 meter width) on the soil physical properties and yield of groundnut (var. TMV 3). By rolling, the bulk density was increased from 1.50 g/cc to 1.63 g/cc in the 20‐30 cm layer; Hydraulic conductivity was reduced from 36.7 cm/h to 17.3 cm/ h in the same subsoil layer (53 per cent over control) which resulted in higher moisture retension capacity of the soil, the increase being 51.5 per cent over control in the 30‐40 cm layer. The final dry pod yield increase was 19 per cent over control. The effect of compaction was seen at the post‐harvest soils also, in that the increase in bulk density, decrease in hydraulic conductivity were observed. The variations were more effective at 10‐20 cm laver.
Automatisierte Unterscheidung von Unkrautarten nach Formparametern mit Hilfe der quantitativen Bildanalyse
Authors: Petry W. , Kühbauch W. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Automatic distinction of weed species using form parameters by means of digital image processing In former investigations the possibility to distinguish weed from soil background by computerized quantitative image analysis has been reported. In the present studies image analysis technique are applied to identify different weed species. From six typical winter weed species including various growth stages, 300 color slides were taken at the research station in Bonn on the 4th of February, 1988. From each slide a number of form parameters were measured automatically out of the digitized shape of each weed plant. Form parameters including area, perimeter, minimum and maximum diameter of the plants are taken from the digitized shape of each weed as well as figures representing the relative proportions of these parameters. For automatic discrimination up to 9 of the parameters were selected to compute five so‐called canonical variables. The values of these variables are typical for each weed species and can be interpreted as their “finger prints”. The average rate of correct identification was 82.3 %. The scientific and practical implications of the results are discussed.
The Influence of the Pea Plant Ideotype on Seed Protein Content and Seed Yield
Authors: Bertholdsson N. O. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe assimilation and translocation pattern of radioactive 14‐C‐assimilates and how it may affect nitrogen fixation was studied in conventional and semi‐leafless pot grown field peas (Pisum sativum L.). Leaf areas, plant development patterns and yield components and their influence on protein content, protein yield and seed yield were studied by using simple regression, multiple regression and factor analyses over a period of two years of field grown material.It was shown that roots and nodules received most of the carbon assimilate from the lower leaves at the beginning of flowering. Four weeks later most of the assimilates came from the upper leaves. Furthermore, it was discovered that stipules were more important than leaflets in supplying the roots and nodules. Field studies supported the results obtained in pot grown material. They also showed that in order to achieve high seed and protein yield it is more important to have many generative nodes instead of a few with several pods on each. In semi‐leafless types, vegetative upper nodes and late flowering are also important factors. An ideotype suited for both high seed yield, high seed protein yield and high protein content is discussed.
Zur Eignung nicht eingesäter Teilflächen in Getreideschlägen für die störungsfreie, bildanalytische Ermittlung von Unkrautschadschwellen
Authors: Kühbauch W. , Petry W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSuitability of not seeded test squares in crop fields for reliable ascertainment of weed threshold levels by quantitative image analysisThe possibility to measure weed ground cover using a computerized image analysis system has been reported in former investigations. In the present studies suitability of not seeded test squares in crop fields for reliable detection of weed ground cover for precise determination of weed threshold levels (beyond that crop yield losses are economically greater than costs for weed control) has been tested.Test squares in which weed grew without competing crop as well as corresponding squares including both, growing crop and weeds, were examined for weed ground cover by computer assisted quantitative image analysis of color slides taken from the respective squares. In the squares, that includes crop and weeds, the former was removed immediately before taking the slides.In both seasons from the beginning of weed growth in October to the latest feasible application time of herbicides in April weed growth as measured by ground cover in the not seeded test squares did not differ significantly from that grown under competition of winter barley.Results indicate, that up to the growth stage of weed where herbicides if ever should be applied at the latest, crop‐free test areas in the same field could serve for correct determination of weed growth by image analysis.
Determination of Differences in Chilling Susceptibility of Two Soybean Varieties by Means of in vivo Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurements
Authors: Neuner G. , Larcher W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChilling susceptibility of two soybean varieties, i.e. cv. Maple Arrow and cv. Evans, in the vegetative state (V 3.0) was determined by measuring in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves exposed to low positive temperatures. In the more susceptible variety Maple Arrow quite distinct deviations from the reference fluorescence data are seen at temperatures between 6.5 and 4.8°C, but not until 5.5. to 2.5°C in the variety Evans. Fluorescence characteristics, i.e. the fluorescence decrease Rfd, the appearance of low‐waves, the photochemical quenching coefficient at steady‐state and the initial slope of the non‐photochemical quenching coefficient qNP indicate that the two varieties differ in their susceptibility by about 1‐2°C at this stage of development. Our results suggest that measurement of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence might serve as a suitable rapid monitoring method of pre‐screening soybean varieties for chilling susceptibility, as required in plant breeding.
Effects of Water Deficiency and Kinetin on Growth and Nitrogen Metabolism of Cowpea Plants
Authors: Khalil Sohair , Mandurah Hanan M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCowpea plants (Vigna sinensis Savi.) were grown in pots for two successive years. These plants were daily maintained water holding capacities (15, 25, 45, 65 %).The foliage of plants grown at every level of soil moisture was sprayed till dripping with kinetin solutions (0, 10, 20, 40 mg/1) three times after, 3, 6 and 9 weeks from sowing. Samples were taken at the two physiological stages before flowering and during flowering for growth measurements and determination of nitrogen fractions.Water shortage led to retardation of stem length, number of internodes, number of leaves and dry weight of shoots. Kinetin reduced stem length of cowpea shoots. On the other hand, it exhibited stimulative effect when applied at concentrations 10 and 20 mg/1 on number of internodes, and dry weight of shoots.Water stress decreased total–N and protein–N contents of cowpea shoots. On the other hand total soluble–N content was increased under the same conditions. Kinetin increased total–N and protein–N contents of cowpea shoots. Meanwhile, the same growth regulator decreased total soluble–N when applied at 45 %, 25 % and 15 % W.H.C. levels.
Microbial Population and Yield of Wheat in Relation to Soil Salinity
Authors: Gour H. N. , Lal P. , Mathur J. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe studies on isolations of microorganisms from four different saline soils (ECe 1.85, 5.8, 9.4 and 13.4 dS/m) and roots of wheat (Kharchia‐65, a salt tolerant variety) plants grown in above soils reveal an interesting correlation between microbial population and soil salinity Vis‐a‐vis growth and yield. Though growth and yield of wheat decreased with an increase in the salinity of the soils, the fungal and bacterial populations concomitantly increased and the maximum microbial colonies were recorded from the soil, having highest salinity status. A maximum number of fungal colonies (predominantly of Aspergillus sp., Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium sp. etc.) was isolated from the root surfaces of the plants grown on soil having ECe of 1.85 dS/m, whereas a single colony of Fusarium oxysporum occurred from roots of plants of soils having an ECe of 13. 4dS/m.
Effect of CMH on Growth and Enzyme Activity in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Different Growth Stages and Light Intensities
Authors: El‐Fouly M. M. , Moubarak Z. M. , Fouad M. K. , Fawzi A. F. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPot experiments were conducted over 3 successive seasons using wheat Giza 155 grown in normal or low (50 % of normal) light intensity. Concentrations of 50, 100, 500, 1000 or 2500 ppm CMH were sprayed at tillering, early stem extension, late stem extension or heading. Grain weight/plant, specific grain weight, grain number/ear and ear number/plant were increased with lower concentrations of CMH treatments only at the first 2 stages under varied light intensity. During both tillering and early stem extension, CMH spraying increased activities of α‐amylase and β‐fructofuranosidase in leaves leading to more accumulation of total carbohydrates in grains and consequently more grain production/plant. Such effect occurred with 50–500 ppm CMH under normal light intensity as well as with all concentrations of this compound under low intensity. Meanwhile, 1000 and 2500 ppm CMH resulted in growth inhibition.
Einfluß der Bestandesdichte auf Ertrags‐ und Qualitätskriterien sowie über mögliche Ursachen der Konkurrenz in Zuckerrübenbeständen
Authors: Märländer B. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Influence of Plant Density on Yield and Quality and Possible Causes of Competition in Sugar Beet Crops In trials conducted over 9 years at 1 location plant densities ranged from 35,000 to 110,000 plants/ha. Root yield, sugar yield and white sugar yield reached maximum values at 92,700, 94,700 and 96,000 plants/ha, respectively. The decrease in yield per 1,000 plants/ha was greater as the plant density fell. The quality criteria (sugar concentration, white sugar concentration and sugar gain) were at their maxima at 107,000, 104,600 and 100,000 plants/ha, respectively, and they decreased at an almost constant rate as plant density declined. The concentrations of potassium, sodium and amino‐N, the main factors which determine quality in Germany, as well as the sugar loss were all minimized at about 110,000 plants/ha and they increased at a progressively‐greater rate per 1,000 plants/ha as plant density declined. The maximum differences between large and small plant densities were: root yield 13.6%, sugar yield 16.7%, white sugar yield 18.6%, sugar concentration 3.7%, white sugar concentration 5.3%, sugar gain 1.7%, sugar loss 9.3%, potassium concentration 8.4%, sodium concentration 30.5% and amino‐N concentration 25.4%. As well as a comparison of the yield and quality criteria, the paper considers competition within the foliage, particularly when different amounts of nitrogen are available, as the main cause for yield differences between sugar beet crops.
Evaluation of Polyethylene Glycol Test for Measuring Cell Membrane Stability in Maize
Authors: Premachandra G. S. , Saneoka H. , Ogata S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCell membrane stability (CMS) of ten maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars was measured by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) test and compared with other nutritional and physiological measurements to examine the nutriophysiological meanings of the test. Osmotic potential of leaf tissues was well correlated with CMS measured as percentage injury in the PEG test and it was suggested that it may have influenced on desiccation treatment in the PEG test. Leaf water potential, stomatal resistance and cuticular resistance did not show any correlation with CMS measured. Cultivars with high leaf water content were high in CMS and were tolerant to desiccation stress in the PEG test. They showed high excised‐leaf water retention capability. Sugar, K. and Ca were the major solutes which contributed to osmotic potential. Potassium concentration in leaf tissues was well correlated with CMS, while sugar was not. It was suggested that K may play another role in increasing CMS in maize apart from its role as an osmotic substance.
Procedure and General Features of Testing Breakage Resistance of Seedcoat in Euphorbia lathyris L.
Authors: Hondelmann W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe breakage resistance of the seedcoat of Euphorbia lathyris was measured in terms of compressive force and deformation. Using an Instron Universal Testing Machine, seeds of genetically divergent descent were tested at a moisture content comparable to that at harvesting time in the field.In comparison to other crop species breakage resistance of caper spurge is characterized by low values of force and medium ones for deformation. In connection with a likewise weakly expressed degree of elasticity the large portion of damaged seeds observed during mechanical harvesting becomes understandable. Regarding the descent of seed samples the eventual implication of an unsufficient variation of the character in question is becoming evident.
The Influence of Plant Water Stress on Net Photosynthesis and Leaf Area of Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars
Authors: Human J. J. , Du Preez W. H. , De Bruyn L. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of plant water stress on net photosynthesis and leaf growth were investigated in order to determine to what extent leaf water potential during vegetative growth and silking affects maize development.Two commercial maize hybrids grown in pots in a glasshouse were subjected to leaf water potentials of ‐1300 and ‐1700 kPa during the eighth leaf stage and during silking to ‐1700 and ‐2300 kPa to previously unstressed, moderately and severely stressed plants. The effect of stress on inhibiting CO2 uptake rates and leaf areas, as well as the recovery after alleviating stress, were compared to that of unstressed plants.No substantial differences in CO2 uptake rates were found between medium and long seasoned cultivars. The CO2 uptake rates per unit leaf area decreased to negative values under both moderate and severe stress conditions during both growth stages. During silking, the recovery of CO2 uptake rate was much lower than during the eight leaf stage. Leaf area decreased proportionally with increased stress but did not recover after alleviating stress on plants stressed during both the eighth leaf and silking stages.