bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Contact Model for the Robust Simulation of Knots
Authors: Spillmann Jonas , Teschner Matthias 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we present an adaptive model for dynamically deforming hyper‐elastic rods. In contrast to existing approaches, adaptively introduced control points are not governed by geometric subdivision rules. Instead, their states are determined by employing a non‐linear energy‐minimization approach. Since valid control points are computed instantaneously, post‐stabilization schemes are avoided and the stability of the dynamic simulation is improved.Due to inherently complex contact configurations, the simulation of knot tying using rods is a challenging task. In order to address this problem, we combine our adaptive model with a robust and accurate collision handling method for elastic rods. By employing our scheme, complex knot configurations can be simulated in a physically plausible way.
Detail‐In‐Context Visualization for Satellite Imagery
Authors: Böttger Joachim , Preiser Martin , Balzer Michael , Deussen Oliver 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe use the complex logarithm as a transformation for the visualization and navigation of highly complex satellite and aerial imagery. The resulting depictions show details and context with greatly different scales in one seamless image while avoiding local distortions. We motivate our approach by showing its relations to the ordinary perspective views and classical map projections. We discuss how to organize and process the huge amount of imagery in realtime using modern graphics hardware with an extended clipmapping technique. Finally, we provide details and experiences concerning the interpretation of and interaction with the resulting representations.
Dynamic Sampling and Rendering of Algebraic Point Set Surfaces
Authors: Guennebaud Gaël , Germann Marcel , Gross Markus 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAlgebraic Point Set Surfaces (APSS) define a smooth surface from a set of points using local moving least‐squares (MLS) fitting of algebraic spheres. In this paper we first revisit the spherical fitting problem and provide a new, more generic solution that includes intuitive parameters for curvature control of the fitted spheres. As a second contribution we present a novel real‐time rendering system of such surfaces using a dynamic up‐sampling strategy combined with a conventional splatting algorithm for high quality rendering. Our approach also includes a new view dependent geometric error tailored to efficient and adaptive up‐sampling of the surface. One of the key features of our system is its high degree of flexibility that enables us to achieve high performance even for highly dynamic data or complex models by exploiting temporal coherence at the primitive level. We also address the issue of efficient spatial search data structures with respect to construction, access and GPU friendliness. Finally, we present an efficient parallel GPU implementation of the algorithms and search structures.
Cutaneous lesions associated to multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1
Authors: Vidal A , Iglesias MJ , Fernández B , Fonseca E , Cordido F 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground  Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a genetic disease that predisposes to endocrine tumour development. Some cutaneous lesions (angiofibromas, collagenomas, melanosis guttaca, lipomas, melanomas, ‘cafe au lait macules’) have been associated to this syndrome. We compare the prevalence of cutaneous lesion in affected patients with their non‐carrier relatives.Patients and method  We studied 9 patients with MEN1 and 20 non‐carrier, first‐degree relatives. Genetic screening was realized in all of them. Patients were examined by dermatologist, and biopsy was performed when necessary.Results  Patients with MEN1 presented hyperparathyroidism (100%), neuroendocrine tumours of pancreas (66%) and pituitary adenomas (44%); their relatives were free of endocrine features of MEN1. The studied cutaneous lesions were more prevalent in affected patients than in non‐carriers (55.5% vs. 25%; P = 0.029). Odds ratio of developing cutaneous lesions in MEN1 patients was 6.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.09–40.43). The frequency of angiofibromas was lower (22.2%) than the reported in other studies (43–88%), and we did not find any collagenoma.Conclusions  MEN1 is associated to some cutaneous lesions and could be useful for detecting MEN1 carriers in an affected family. Cutaneous lesions should be assessed in MEN1 patients.
Sound production mechanism in pamphagid grasshoppers (Orthoptera)
Authors: López H. , García M. D. , Clemente E. , Presa J. J. , Oromí P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSound production in the endemic genera of Canarian Pamphagidae Acrostira and Purpuraria has been recorded for the first time. These apterous grasshoppers have developed the alar‐notal method alternative to that commonly used by Caelifera for their communication. This method is reported in detail with video recordings, histological sections and oscillograms. A model to explain this mechanism is proposed, given that previous descriptions were incomplete. The song is produced by rubbing together the ventral edge of the metanotum and the basalar sclerite. In the Canarian Pamphagidae this behaviour is found exclusively in females to announce their reproductive receptivity to the males. Females usually have to produce a series of anomalous sounds before they can emit a perfect song.
Assessment of P‐Wave Dispersion on 12‐Lead Electrocardiography in Students Who Exercise Regularly
Authors: YILDIZ MUSTAFA , PAZARLI PINAR , SEMIZ OLCAY , KAHYAOGLU OSMAN , SAKAR İSMAIL , ALTINKAYNAK SEVIN 
Published: April 2008

Background: P‐wave dispersion, an electrocardiographic marker, is an independent predictor of atrial fibrillation. P‐wave dispersion is associated with inhomogeneous and discontinuous propagation of sinus impulses. The aim of this study was to investigate P‐wave dispersion in students who apply for registration to School of Physical Education and Sports.
Methods: Totally 984 students (810 boys [mean age: 19.8 ± 2.0 years] and 174 girls [mean age: 19.0 ± 1.8 years]) who applied for registration to School of Physical Education and Sports with a training history of some years were included in the study. P‐wave duration was calculated in all 12 leads of the surface electrocardiography, which were simultaneously recorded. The difference between P maximum and P minimum durations was defined as P‐wave dispersion.
Results: Age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, P‐wave maximal duration, and P‐wave dispersion were increased in boys as compared with girls. Of age (P = 0.53), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.42), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.50), pulse pressure (P = 0.73), gender, heart rate, and BMI tested with univariate linear regression analysis in all subjects; only gender (P < 0.001), BMI (P = 0.01), and heart rate (P = 0.02) were associated with P‐wave dispersion (F = 5.16, P < 0.001, R2= 0.03).
Conclusions: P‐wave dispersion was increased in boys as compared with girls who exercise regularly. P‐wave dispersion is affected by gender, BMI, and heart rate in healthy students.
Frequency of systemic vascular diseases in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma and exfoliation glaucoma
Authors: Tarkkanen Ahti , Reunanen Antti , Kivelä Tero 
Published: April 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  Abnormal fibrils can be identified by electron microscopy in the heart, lung, liver, kidney, cerebral meninges and other tissues of patients with exfoliation syndrome (ES). However, a clinical association of ES with arterial hypertension (HT), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular accidents and aneurysm of the abdominal aorta is debated. We conducted a national registry‐based survey to further assess the first two of these associations.Methods:  We reviewed the records of 519 consecutive patients to whom the Social Insurance Institution of Finland had granted free medication for glaucoma according to national common criteria. The glaucoma was classified either as primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) or exfoliation glaucoma (EG), masked to any systemic diseases; 20 patients with other types of glaucoma were excluded from the survey. Masked to the type of glaucoma, the registry provided data on free medication similarly granted for HT, IHD and diabetes mellitus (DM), a known modifier of risk for cardiovascular disease. Data were analysed by logistic regression, modelling age, gender and DM as confounders.Results:  The control group of 344 patients with POAG was comparable as regards gender with the study group of 155 patients with EG, but patients with POAG were both younger (mean 69 versus 73 years; P < 0.0001) and had DM twice as often (10% versus 5%; P = 0.05) compared to those with EG. Adjusting for age, gender and presence of DM, no difference in frequency of HT [odds ratio (OR) 0.80 for presence of EG; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52–1.23, P = 0.31] or IHD (OR 0.86 for presence of EG; 95% CI 0.49–1.13, P = 0.66) was detected between the two groups.Conclusion:  In this population‐based registry survey, no difference in frequency of HT or IHD was noted between patients with POAG and EG who had been granted free medication for these chronic diseases according to national common criteria. The frequency of DM was lower among patients with EG, in line with several previous reports.
Formation of osteoclast‐like cells from peripheral blood of periodontitis patients occurs without supplementation of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor
Authors: Tjoa Stanley T. S. , De Vries Teun J. , Schoenmaker Ton , Kelder Angele , Loos Bruno G. , Everts Vincent 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim: To determine whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from chronic periodontitis patients differ from PBMCs from matched control patients in their capacity to form osteoclast‐like cells.Material and Methods: PBMCs from 10 subjects with severe chronic periodontitis and their matched controls were cultured on plastic or on bone slices without or with macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL). The number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive (TRACP+) multinucleated cells (MNCs) and bone resorption were assessed.Results: TRACP+ MNCs were formed under all culture conditions, in patient and control cultures. In periodontitis patients, the formation of TRACP+ MNC was similar for all three culture conditions; thus supplementation of the cytokines was not needed to induce MNC formation. In control cultures, however, M‐CSF or M‐CSF/RANKL resulted in higher numbers compared with cultures without cytokines. Upregulations of osteoclast marker mRNA cathepsin K and carbonic anhydrase II confirmed the osteoclastic character. Bone resorption was only observed when PBMCs were cultured in the presence of M‐CSF and RANKL.Conclusion: Our data indicate that PBMCs from periodontitis patients do not need priming by M‐CSF to become osteoclast‐like cells, suggesting that PBMCs from periodontitis patients are present in the circulation in a different state of activity.
Predictors of delayed first voiding in newborn
Authors: Vuohelainen Tuomo , Ojala Riitta , Virtanen Anita , Holm Päivi , Tammela Outi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim: Delay >24 h of age in neonates' first voiding attracts attention, although the phenomenon is usually benign. Earlier studies indicate that stress increases the infant's arginine vasopressin (AVP) and aldosterone secretion during birth. Our aim was to seek predictors of delayed first voiding and indirect evidence of AVP effect behind this phenomenon.Methods: The study population comprised 20 normal‐term newborns whose first voiding was delayed >24 h of age (cases), and 19 age‐matched control infants who voided for the first time at <24 h of age (controls). The first urine was collected and osmolality (U‐Osm) and sodium content (U‐Na) measured.Results: The median of U‐osm in cases was 432.50 (284–519) and in controls 337.50 (169–497) mOsm/L (p = 0.005), and U‐Na 21.50 (9–241) and 40.00 (13–226) mmol/L (p = 0.001), respectively. Cases were more frequently born to primiparous mothers than controls (70% vs. 21%, p = 0.004). Duration of labour was longer in cases than controls, first stage 10.5 h (3.92–20.50 h) versus 5.7 h (1.17–16.00 h) (p = 0.045) and second stage 0.42 h (0.08–1.25 h) versus 0.17 h (0.08–0.92 h) (p = 0.015). All seven (35%) abnormal cardiotocographies were recorded with cases (p = 0.008).Conclusions: Delayed voiding appears to be related to a prolonged and stressful birth. Laboratory findings in the first urine suggest increased AVP and aldosterone secretion in such cases.
Adenosine Actions are Preserved in Corpus Cavernosum from Obese and Type II Diabetic db/db Mouse
Authors: Carneiro Fernando Silva , Giachini Fernanda R.C. , Lima Victor V. , Carneiro Zidonia N. , Leite Romulo , Inscho Edward W. , Tostes Rita C. , Webb R. Clinton 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) in diabetes is associated with autonomic neuropathy and endothelial dysfunction. Whereas the nonadrenergic-noncholinergic (NANC)/neurogenic nitric oxide pathway has received great attention in diabetes-associated ED, few studies have addressed sympathetic overactivity.AimTo test the hypothesis that adenosine-induced inhibition of adrenergic-mediated contractile responses in mouse corpus cavernosum is impaired in the presence of diabetes.MethodsThe db/db (obesity and type II diabetes caused by a leptin receptor mutation) mouse strain was used as a model of obesity and type II diabetes, and standard procedures were performed to evaluate functional cavernosal responses.Main Outcome MeasuresIncreased cavernosal responses to sympathetic stimulation in db/db mice are not associated with impaired prejunctional actions of adenosine.ResultsElectrical field stimulation (EFS)-, but not phenylephrine (PE)-, induced contractions are enhanced in cavernosal strips from db/db mice in comparison with those from lean littermates. Direct effects of adenosine, 2-chloro-adenosine, A1 receptor agonist C-8031 (N6 cyclopentyladenosine), and sodium nitroprusside are similar between the strips from lean and db/db mice, whereas relaxant responses to acetylcholine and NANC stimulation are significantly impaired in the cavernosal strips from db/db mice. 5′-Iodotubercidin (adenosine kinase inhibitor) and dipyridamole (inhibitor of adenosine transport), as well as the A1 agonist C-8031, significantly and similarly inhibit contractions induced by stimulation of adrenergic nerves in the cavernosal strips from lean and db/db mice.ConclusionsResults from this study suggest that corpora cavernosa from obese and diabetic db/db mice display altered neural-mediated responses that would favor penile detumescence, i.e., increased contractile response to adrenergic nerve stimulation and decreased relaxant responses upon activation of NANC nerves. However, increased cavernosal responses to adrenergic nerve stimulation are not due to impaired negative modulation of sympathetic neurotransmission by adenosine in this diabetic model.
Does increased zinc uptake enhance grain zinc mass concentration in rice?
Authors: Jiang W. , Struik P.C. , Van Keulen H. , Zhao M. , Jin L.N. , Stomph T.J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa) is the worlds’ most important cereal and potentially an important source of zinc (Zn) for people who eat mainly rice. To improve Zn delivery by rice, plant Zn uptake and internal allocation need to be better understood. This study reports on within‐plant allocation and potential Zn accumulation in the rice grain in four so‐called aerobic rice cultivars (Handao297, K150, Handao502 and Baxiludao). Two controlled‐condition experiments were carried out, one with a wide range of constant Zn concentrations in the medium and one with a range of plant growth rate‐related supply rates. In both experiments, increased Zn supply induced increased plant Zn uptake rate throughout crop development, when expressed as daily Zn uptake (μg day−1) or as daily Zn uptake per gram of plant dry matter (μg g−1). Zinc mass concentration (ZnMC) in all plant organs increased with an increase in Zn supply but to various degrees. At higher uptake levels, the ZnMC in stems increased most, while the ZnMC in hulled grains (brown rice) increased least. The increase in leaf ZnMC was generally small, but at toxic levels in the medium, leaf ZnMC increased significantly. It appears that regulation of grain Zn loading differs from regulation of Zn loading to other organs. A milling test on seeds of Baxiludao and Handao502 showed that when ZnMC in brown rice increased from 13 to 45 mg kg−1, ZnMC in polished rice grains (endosperm) also increased from 9 to 37 mg kg−1 but remained three to five times lower than that in the bran. Irrespective of the ZnMC in the brown rice, around 75% of total grain Zn was present in the endosperm. In both cultivars, there was a major difference in ZnMC between bran and endosperm (120 and 37 mg kg−1, respectively), suggesting a barrier for Zn transport between the two tissues. There seems to be a second barrier between stem and rachis, as their ZnMCs also differed greatly (300 and 100 mg kg−1, respectively) in both cultivars at higher plant ZnMC. It is concluded that there is too little scope from a human nutrition perspective to enhance ZnMC in rice endosperm by simply increasing the Zn supply to rice plants because Zn allocation to the endosperm is limited, while observed genotypic differences indicate scope for improvement through breeding.
IDENTIFICATION OF OXIDATION PRODUCTS OF 2,3,5,4′‐TETRAHYDROXYSTILBENE 2‐O‐β‐d‐GLUCOPYRANOSIDE FROM POLYGONUM MULTIFLORUM THUNB WITH H2O2
Authors: LV LI SHUANG , TANG JIAN , HO CHI‐TANG 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT The major stilbene glycoside, 2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene 2‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (PM‐SG), was purified from the ethanol extract of the roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. In order to better understand the antioxidation mechanism of PM‐SG, PM‐SG was allowed to react with H2O2, and the reaction products were isolated by chromatography and identified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The formation of a major product, a dimer of PM‐SG, indicated that the C5 phenolic group on PM‐SG was more reactive toward the hydrogen abstraction.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb is an important medicinal plant and has been used for over several thousand years in China. A major stilbene glucoside, 2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene 2‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (PM‐SG) is known as the active antioxidant of this plant material. In the present study, structural determination of the oxidation products from the reaction of PM‐SG with H2O2 was carried out in order to allow better understanding of the antioxidant mechanism of this compound.
QUALITY OF BREAD SUPPLEMENTED WITH POPPED AMARANTHUS CRUENTUS GRAIN
Authors: BODROŽA‐SOLAROV MARIJA , FILIPČEV BOJANA , KEVREŠAN ŽARKO , MANDIĆ ANAMARIJA , ŠIMURINA OLIVERA 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT The addition of popped Amaranthus cruentus grain to wheat bread formulation at 10, 15 and 20% levels (flour basis) was carried out to test the effects on sensory and nutritional characteristics of the supplemented bread samples. The addition of popped amaranth grain increased ash, protein and crude fiber content significantly. Zinc content increased by 42.6–74.6%, manganese content by 51.7–90.8%, magnesium content by 75.7–88.0% and calcium content by 57–171% in the supplementation ranges from 10 to 20% of popped amaranth grain. Bread samples supplemented with popped grains had a significantly higher content of squalene in comparison with the control sample (8–12 times higher). Loaf volume of supplemented bread samples decreased from 3.54 to 2.36 mL/g. Also, a significant increase in crumb hardness and lower crumb elasticity was observed. The supplementation contributed to denser crumb structure, more uniform porosity, improved crust color and flavor. It might be concluded that supplementation levels up to 15% (flour basis) were sensorially acceptable.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBread made from refined wheat flour, besides being a good source of energy, is considered to be nutritionally poor. Therefore, the addition of inexpensive staples with superior nutritional quality such as some pulses, cereals or pseudocereals to wheat flour could improve the nutritional quality of wheat products. Amaranth is a pseudocereal that contains high levels of fat, dietary fibers, lysine and minerals, especially calcium and magnesium. The addition of amaranth grain to wheat bread contributes to higher intakes of proteins, fibers, fat and minerals. The usage of popped amaranth grain is advantageous because it excludes the need for grain milling and the necessity for preparative steps before mixing in bakeries. In addition, thermal treatment increases the protein efficiency ratio and gelatinizes starch that affects positively the stability, strength and freshness of the crumb. Popped amaranth grain also contributes to the pleasant taste and overall acceptability of supplemented bread.
Tectonic Influences on Ground Water Quality: Insight from Complementary Methods
Authors: Earman Sam , McPherson Brian J.O.L. , Phillips Fred M. , Ralser Steve , Herrin James M. , Broska James 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA study using multiple techniques provided insight into tectonic influences on ground water systems; the results can help to understand ground water systems in the tectonically active western United States and other parts of the world. Ground water in the San Bernardino Valley (Arizona, United States and Sonora, Mexico) is the main source of water for domestic use, cattle ranching (the primary industry), and the preservation of threatened and endangered species. To improve the understanding of ground water occurrence, movement, and sustainability, an investigation was conducted using a number of complementary methods, including major ion geochemistry, isotope hydrology, analysis of gases dissolved in ground water, aquifer testing, geophysics, and an examination of surface and subsurface geology. By combining information from multiple lines of investigation, a more complete picture of the basin hydrogeology was assembled than would have been possible using fewer methods. The results show that the hydrogeology of the San Bernardino Valley is markedly different than that of its four neighboring basins in the United States. The differences include water quality, chemical evolution, storage, and residence time. The differences result from the locally unique geology of the San Bernardino Valley, which is due to the presence of a magmatically active accommodation zone (a zone separating two regions of normal faults with opposite dips). The geological differences and the resultant hydrological differences between the San Bernardino Valley and its neighboring basins may serve as a model for the distinctive nature of chemical evolution of ground water in other basins with locally distinct tectonic histories.
Ardhanār?śvara: What We Know and What We Do not
Authors: Goldberg Ellen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractArdhanār?śvara is an expression of malebrahmanicalorthodox discourse; yet, this fact does not dismiss or negate the primary role that Ardhanār?śvara plays as a symbol of wholeness and liberation within Indian religion. We know by looking at the image of Ardhanār?śvara that although Pārvat? is placed on the left hand side, she constitutes no less than half of Śiva's body. In other words, Ardhanār?śvara is as much female as he or she is male. Consequently, even though we see the anthropomorphic body of Ardhanār?śvara idealized by the patriarchal norms of sacred iconographic convention, we also recognize profound attempts at symmetry, complementarity, and wholeness. In this state‐of‐the‐field review, we look at both of these areas to establish what we know, and what we do not know, about Ardhanār?śvara.