bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The third nation‐wide study on adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in Japan: Characteristic patterns of hla antigen and HTLV‐I infection in atl patients and their relatives
Authors:   The T‐ and B‐cell Malignancy Study Group
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo clarify the intrinsic factors involved in the manifestation of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in Japan, a third nation‐wide study on ATL was conducted by the T‐ and B‐cell Malignancy Study Group. General clinico‐epidemiological findings on ATL and infectious modes of transmission of human T‐lymp ho tropic virus type I (HTLV‐I) from 181 ATL patients and their relatives were analyzed and the frequency of HLA antigens in 64 ATL patients was compared with that of 48 relatives of ATL pro bands, 340 controls from all Japan and 236 controls from Kyushu (Tanaka et al., 1984). General findings on ATL were mostly the same as those in the 2 previous nation‐wide studies. The age‐specific positivity rate of anti‐HTLV‐I antibody in siblings of ATL patients was markedly higher than that in children of ATL patients. This suggests that there is a high risk of mothers of ATL patients transmitting HTLV‐I to their children who may develop clinical ATL after reaching ATL risk age. Frequencies of HLA antigens A26 and B39, among patients with ATL in ATL‐endemic areas (Kyushu and South Shikoku), were higher (RR>2.0 and p<0.05) than those of controls in Kyushu, and lower (RR<0.5 and p < 0.05) with respect to A24, Bw46, BwSI, Bw61 and DR7. The frequency of BwS2 was also lower in relatives positive for anti‐HTLV‐1 antibody than in relatives without antibody. However, these differences were not statistically significant after correction for the 45 antigens typed. These results can neither support nor refute the possibility of genetic susceptibility to HTLV‐1 infection and manifestation of ATL.
Prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in a captive colony of macaque monkeys
Authors: Daniel Muthiah D. , Letvin Norman L. , Sehgal Prabhat K. , Schmidt Diane K. , Silva Daniel P. , Solomon Keith R. , Hodi F. Stephen , Ringler Douglas J. , Hunt Ronald D. , King Norval W. , Desrosiers Ronald C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in the macaque colony of the New England Regional Primate Research Center (NERPRC) was determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay procedures as well as radioimmunoprecipitation‐SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence tests. Out of 848 macaques, 3 (0.35%) had antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), 27 (3.2%) had antibodies to simian T‐lymphotropic virus type I (STLV‐I) and approximately 285 (34%) had antibodies to type D retrovirus. Of 3 macaques infected with SIV, 2 were rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and I was a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). STLV‐I and D retrovirus infection occurred in all 4 macaque species examined. SIV, STLV‐I and D retroviruses were isolated from sero‐positive macaques. The low prevalence of SIV infection suggests that SIV is not being readily transmitted among macaques at NERPRC; this contrasts markedly with the high SIV prevalence in some captive mangabey colonies. In contrast to African green monkeys from eastern Africa, 160 Caribbean green monkeys examined showed no sign of SIV infection. These results provide a framework for monitoring spontaneous disease associated with infection by these 3 retroviruses and will help in further definition of STLV‐I and SIV infection of non‐human primates as animal models for human disease.
Human ovarian carcinoma lysis by cytotoxic t cells targeted by bispecific monoclonal antibodies: Analysis of the antibody components
Authors: Mezzanzanica D. , Canevari S. , Ménard S. , Pupa S. M. , Tagliabue E. , Lanzavecchia A. , Colnaghi M. I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the perspective of in vivo therapeutic applications, the monoclonal antibody (MAb) MOv18 was selected for its restricted reactivity with human ovarian carcinoma. Using the pH 2.8 desorption assay, we found that the antigen recognized by MOv18 had a high stability on the cell membrane and poor internalization. Therefore, a therapeutic approach which does not require internalization, i.e., the re‐targeting of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by bispecific MAbs, was investigated. MOv18 and anti‐CD3 MAbs were used to produce bispecific reagents, obtained either by chemical cross‐linkage (heteroconjugates) or by somatic hybridization techniques (hybrid MAbs). The maintenance of the binding reactivity and specificity of the bispecific MAbs was analyzed by solid‐phase radioimmunoassay, immunofluorescence and cross‐competition tests on the relevant target cells (ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCA 432 for MOv18 and PHA‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells for anti‐CD3 MAbs), and on 2 irrelevant tumor cell lines. Bv a 51Cr‐release assay the bispecific MAbs were found to efficiently promote, at picomolar concentration, cell lysis by CTL clones, but the specificity pattern was wider than that predicated by the binding studies. The F(ab')2 fragment of one hybrid MAb mediated a lysis which was just as efficient as the entire MAb on the relevant target cells and allowed specific lysis to be distinguished from Fc‐receptor‐mediated lysis. Human immunoglobulins were unable to compete with the Fc receptor binding of the hybrid MAbs and therefore, in the perspective of in vivo applications, Fc fragment removal seems to be an essential step. Analysis of the bispecific reagents indicated that hybrid MAbs are superior to the heteroconjugate as far as storage stability is concerned.
Characterization of plasma membrane shedding from murine melanoma cells
Authors: Taylor Douglas D. , Taylor Cicek Gercel , Jiang Cheng‐Gan , Black Paul H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumor cells release intact portions of their plasma membranes in the process of membrane fragment shedding. This released material has been shown to inhibit various synthetic functions of normal cells, which may play an important role in certain patho‐physiological events occurring in advancedstage cancer patients. Our studies on metastatic variants of the murine B16 melanoma, B16‐F1 (low incidence of lung colonization) and B16‐F10 (high incidence of lung colonization) indicate that the shed membrane fragment material is composed predominantly of vesicles, ranging in size from 20 to 100nm in diameter. The release of membrane fragments represents a small percentage (approximately 16%) of the total shedding of plasma membrane components. Membrane fragments were shed at a higher rate from the highly “metastatic”(colonizing) B16‐F10 cells than from poorly metastatic B16‐F1 cells, resulting in a 2‐fold greater accumulation of membrane fragment material by cultures of B16‐F10 cells than by B16‐F1 cultures during the 48‐hr assay period. The study of various intracellular metabolic processes (protein and RNA synthesis, glycosylation, and generation of ATP) required for the shedding of membrane fragments indicated that the shedding event is only dependent on energy when inhibitors of the above processes are present for 2 hr. Treatment of cells with these inhibitors for 8 hr results in cessation of the shedding process, indicating both a limited pool of components to be shed and the requirement for further synthesis of the shed material. Glycoprotein components of the shed membrane fragments were analyzed by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition to quantitative differences, 2 additional bands were present in fluorographs from SDS‐PAGE gels from the B16‐F10 membrane fragment material which were not present in fluorographs from B16‐F1 fragments. The glycoprotein components of shed membrane fragments were shown to represent selected domains of the cell's plasma membranes, in that only certain plasma membrane glycoproteins are shed as part of membrane fragments. The glycoproteins released as non‐particulate molecules into the extracellular environment failed to exhibit these quantitative and qualitative differences.
Differential expression of platelet‐derived growth factor and transforming growth factor genes in small‐ and non‐small‐cell human lung carcinoma lines
Authors: Söderdahl G. , Betsholtz C. , Johanson A. , Nilsson K. , Bergh J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have investigated a panel of human lung cancer cell lines representing the major groups of lung cancer, i.e., small‐cell carcinoma (SCC) and the group of non‐SCC, consisting of squamous‐cell carcinoma (SQC), adenocarcinoma (ADC) and large‐cell carcinoma (LCC), for their expression of certain growth factor genes. Messenger RNA from each cell line was hybridized with probes for platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) A‐ and B‐chains, insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I and ‐II, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐α and β, epidermal growth factor (EGF) as well as a probe for the EGF receptor. All non‐SCC cell lines examined showed expression of the PDGF A‐chain gene. The PDGF B‐chain and TGF‐β gene were expressed in all non‐SCC cell lines but one, H‐125 (ADC). TGF‐α gene expression was demonstrated in the SQC cell line U‐1752, in both ADC cell lines (H‐23 and H‐125) and in one of the 3 LCC cell lines, U‐1810. IGF‐II was only transcribed in the LCC cell line U‐1810. The EGF‐receptor was detected in all non‐SCC cell lines but one, H‐661 (LCC). Neither IGF‐I nor EGF transcripts could be seen in any of the 10 cell lines examined. In contrast to the non‐SCC cell lines, the 4 SCC lines were constantly negative for the probes employed in this study. The frequent and heterogeneous expression of growth factor transcripts in all non‐SCC studied, but not SCC‐cell lines, may contribute to the difference in biological behaviour observed in vivo and in vitro between the 2 major lung cancer entities.
Comparative histopathology of resected bronchial cancers of women in Hong Kong and Japan
Authors: Tsuchiya Eiju , Chan John K. C. , Chan Suk‐Hung , Saw Daisy , Ho John H. C. , Tominaga Suketami 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPathological findings relating to lung cancers removed surgically from women at the Kowloon Hospital (KH), Hong Kong, and the Cancer Institute Hospital (CIH), Japan (77 and 54 cases respectively), were examined in order to clarify possible differences between Hong Kong Chinese and Tokyo Japanese women. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent subtype encountered in both hospitals, but the rate was higher in CIH (90.9% in CIH and 68.8% in KH); that of large‐cell carcinoma was second in KH where the rate was higher (14.3% in KH and 0%, in CIH). A remarkable difference was observed in the location of adenocarcinomas; the percentages of central and peripheral types were 60.4% and 24.5% respectively in KH, but 4% and 96% respectively in CIH. The proportion of the central type (45.5%) was higher than that of the peripheral type (27.3%) in large‐cell carcinomas of KH. The number of adenocarcinomas having a bronchiolo‐alveolar pattern (which is observed more frequently in peripheral‐type adenocarcinomas) was higher in CIH (50%) than in KH (17%). Tall columnar cells were observed more often in KH (43.1 % in KH and 20.8% in CIH), and hobnail and cuboidal cells more often in CIH (31.4 and 80.4% respectively in KH, and 54.2 and 95.8% respectively in CIH). The difference may be explained by the frequent presence of tall columnar cells in the glands of central carcinomas, and hobnail and cuboidal cells in peripheral adenocarcinomas. The frequent occurrence of the central type of adenocarcinoma and large‐cell carcinoma appears characteristic of the lung carcinomas removed from women in Hong Kong. This suggests the existence of exogenous causative agents for lung cancer in Hong Kong females.
A unifying concept of the aetiology of breast cancer
Authors: de Waard F. , Trichopoulos D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA number of risk factors for breast cancer are considered jointly in one pathogenetic framework which relates to the formation of pre‐cancerous lesions. Energy‐rich diet during puberty and adolescence enhances the occurrence of pre‐cancerous lesions in the breast. This process is counteracted by full‐term pregnancies, and the earlier they come the fewer the number of such lesions. Energy‐rich diet later in life contributes to the occurrence of obesity which, after menopause, enhances the growth of existing subclinical and clinical breast cancer. In both periods of life the nutritional factor exerts its effect through endocrine mechanisms in which oestrogens play a major part.
Cancer mortality in illinois Mexican and Puerto Rican immigrants, 1979‐1984
Authors: Mallin Katherine , Anderson Karen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe site‐specific cancer mortality in Illinois immigrant His‐panics for 1979‐1984 was compared to that of US‐born, non‐Hispanic whites (Anglos). Using indirect methods of standardization, 22 site‐specific cancer SMR & (Standard Mortality Ratios) were calculated for Mexican and Puerto Rican immigrants, using standard rates for Illinois Anglos. SMRs were also calculated for Puerto Rican immigrants using 1979‐1982 mortality rates from Puerto Rico. Cancer mortality for all sites was lower in both immigrant groups than in Anglos. Colon cancer mortality risk was lower in immigrants, but had increased from home country rates in Puerto Rican male immigrants. In addition, immigrants retained their lower home country risks for cancer of the lung, prostate and female breast. Significantly higher risks were found in immigrant females only, for cancer of the stomach, cervix and gall‐bladder (Mexican females). The cancer rates for immigrant Puerto Rican males were closer to those of Anglos than the rates for females and Mexicans, suggesting differences in the rates of transition to the Anglo cancer experience.
Alcohol consumption and risk op breast cancer
Authors: Rohan Thomas E. , McMichael Anthony J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a population‐based case‐control study conducted in Adelaide, South Australia, and involving 451 case‐control pairs aged 20‐74 years, the risk of breast cancer for women consuming more than 9.3 g of alcohol per day was 50% higher than for non‐drinkers (unadjusted RR 1.46, 95% Cl 1.00‐2.13). The increase in risk persisted upon control for potential confounding variables including dietary or diet‐related factors, and was not restricted to any particular type of beverage. Lower levels of alcohol consumption were not associated with substantial alterations in risk of breast cancer. When examined within menopausal strata, the effect of alcohol was more pronounced in pre‐menopausal women, although none of the estimates of effect within menopausal strata were statistically significant. Although positive associations between alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer have been observed in previous studies, support for a causal association is, at most, qualified. However, given the widespread nature of this exposure, at least in developed countries, further and more detailed investigations of this association are required.
In vivo activation of lymphocytes in melanoma patients receiving escalating doses of recombinant interleukin 2
Authors: Gambacorti‐Passerini Carlo , Radrizzani Marina , Marolda Raffaele , Belli Filiberto , Sciorelli Gianalfredo , Galazka Andrew R. , Schindler John D. , Cascinelli Natale , Parmiani Giorgio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA phase‐1 study of the recombinant, non‐mutagenized interleukin 2 (rIL2, BioleukinTM) was performed in 12 melanoma patients (Pts). From 100 to 800 μg/m2 of rIL2 were administered by i.v. bolus injection, TID for 4‐8 days. Side‐effects included fever, malaise, low serum K+ and Ca++ values, electrocardiographic abnormalities, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. No major organ toxicity and no significant fluid retention were observed at the administered doses. Treatment induced a rapid depletion of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with a rebound (2‐6 times the pre‐treatment values), 24‐48 hr after rIL2 discontinuation. PBL obtained between the 5th treatment day and the 2nd post‐treatment day showed: (a) enhanced proliferation (11/12 Pts) with stimulation indexes of 6‐52; (b) increased cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells (2/2 Pts), allogeneic melanomas (5/7 Pts), the Daudi (5/6 Pts) and K562 cell lines (7/12 Pts); and (c) increased expression of IL2 receptors (8/12 Pts) and of DR antigens (6/12 Pts). Lymphocytes collected 1‐2 days after treatment and activated in vitro with rIL2 showed a more rapid development of tumor cytotoxicity, with an earlier loss of activity. Spontaneous proliferation, autologous or allogeneic tumor cytotoxicity and expression of IL2 receptors obtained after in vivo treatment with rIL2 were significantly weaker than those induced during in vitro stimulation. No major objective responses were detected in these patients.
Further studies on chromosome 15 trisomy in murine T‐cell lymphomas: Mapping of the relevant chromosome segment
Authors: Silva Santiago , Babonits Magda , Wiener Francis , Klein George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTrisomy 15 is the most common chromosomal aberration in murine T‐cell lymphomas. The relevant chromosomal region responsible for the growth advantage of the 15‐trisomic cell has not been defined. In order to map this region, we have induced thymic lymphomas by chemical carcinogens (DMBA or MNU) in mice with 2 different constitutional translocations, T(7;15)9H homozygotes and [T(7;15)9H x T(5;15)4Ad] F1 hybrids. Twenty‐two tumors developed in 90 carcinogen‐treated mice. Among the 14 cytogenetically analyzed thymic lymphomas, 4 were diploid and 5 were aneu‐ploid, with no chromosome‐15‐associated changes. Five lymphomas showed partial duplication of chromosome 15. Four of them have duplicated the segment distal to the C/DI breakpoint of T9H, while the 5th carried an interstitial duplication of the D2 sub‐band of the T(7;15) translocation chromosome. These findings suggest that the duplication of the D 2/3 region, known to contain the c‐myc and the pvt‐1 genes (Banerjee et al., 1985), rather than other regions of chromosome 15, contributes to the development and/or progression of murine T‐cell leukemias.
Uptake of glutamine antimetabolites 6‐diazo‐5‐oxo‐L‐norleucine (DON) and acivicin in sensitive and resistant tumor cell lines
Authors: Huber Klaus R. , Rosenfeld Henry , Roberts Joseph 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe uptake system for 6‐diazo‐5‐oxo‐L‐norleucine (DON) was studied in mouse P388 leukemia cells. The DON transport system was found to resemble that of another glutamine antimetabolite, Acivicin, in its strong temperature dependence, utilization of the “L” transport system, inhibition by glutamine but not by glutamate, potent inhibition by p‐chlo‐romercuribenzene sulfonate, Na+, and only minimal inhibition by various energy poisons. A Km of approximately 70 μm and a Vmax0, of 3.4 nmoles/106 cells/min was calculated for this cell line. The accumulated DON was not metabolized by P388 cells and moderate efflux occurred at 37°C. The DON transport characteristics of a DON‐resistant P388 cell line (100 times ID50 of parent line) were similar to those of the DON‐sensitive parent line, indicating that altered drug transport may not be involved in development of resistance to this antimetabolite. The finding that an Acivicin‐resistant subline of P388 cells which exhibited good transport of DON showed negligible transport of Acivicin suggests different modes of resistance towards the two glutamine and metabolites.
Quantitation and localization of cellular retionol‐binding protein in squamous‐cell carcinomas of the cervix uteri and of the oral cavity
Authors: Wahlberg Peter , Fex Göran , Biörklund Anders , Tropé Claes , Willén Roger 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe concentration of cellular retinal‐binding protein (CRBP) was determined by radioimmunoassay in biopsies of normal muscoa and squamous‐cell carcinomas of cervix uteri form 30 women. The tumour tissues contained significantly higher concentrations of CRBP (median = 120 μg/g protein) than normal mucosa (median = 32 μg/g protein). The distribution of CRBP in normal mucosa and squamous‐cell carcinomas from cervix uteri and from oral cavity was evaluated by immunohistochemical techniques. In tissue sections of normal epithlium from the cervix uteri and the oral cavity, the maturing kerationocytes in the prickle‐cell layer were moderately or strongly stained when antiserum against CRBP was used, while the proliferating cells in the basal‐cell layer were stained only lightly if at all. Squamous‐cell carcinomas of the cervix uteri and the oral cavity presented much the same picture. The observed difference in CRBP concentration between squamous‐cell carcinomas and normal squamous‐cell mucosa may therefore be more quantitative than qualitative.
Geographic distribution of HTLV‐I and identification of a new high‐risk population
Authors: Levine Paul H. , Blattner William A. , Clark Jeffrey , Tarone Robert , Maloney Elizabeth M. , Murphy Edward M. , Gallo Robert C. , Robert‐Guroff Marjorie , Saxinger W. Carl 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpidemiologic studies indicate that human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I), the causative agent of most cases of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in Southeast Japan and the Caribbean islands and the probable cause of a progressive neurological disorder often referred to as tropical spastic paraparesis, occurs with unusual geographic clustering. The current large‐scale serosurvey was undertaken to improve our understanding of HTLV‐I prevalence in different parts of the world. We analyzed 43,445 serum samples collected from various geographic locaies worldwide; 76% of these sera came from clinically healthy donors. Samples were initially screened by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 4,353 were further evaluated by means of competition assays. In this study, which did not include sera from endemic areas of Japan, a high prevalence of infection was observed in several countries in the Caribbean basin. A significant age‐sex difference was observed between populations in the Caribbean and non‐endemic regions of Japan. The reason for the male excess in non‐endemic areas of Japan will require further study, while the female excess in the Caribbean basin is compatible with the previously described pattern for other HTLV‐I‐endemic areas. A newly recognized area of possible endemicity was southern Florida, where evidence of infection with HTLV‐I or a related virus was found in a group of native Americans whose sera were collected in 1968. In certain parts of the world, particularly sub‐Saharan Africa, important problems in determining specificity of reactivity occurred, probably because of cross‐reacting antibodies. No pattern was detected that could explain the cross‐reactivity solely on the basis of geographic areas, specific patterns of non‐viral parasitic infection, or methods of handling the specimens. It is possible that these cross‐reactivities are antibodies to proteins from HTLV‐I‐reiated retroviruses yet to be discovered.