bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test–retest reliability of health utilities index scores: Evidence from hip fracture
Authors: Jones C. Allyson , Feeny David , Eng Ken 
Published: April 2008

Objectives:There is relatively little evidence on the test–retest reliability of utility scores derived from multiattribute measures. The objective was to estimate test–retest reliability for Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) and Mark 3 (HUI3) utility scores in patients recovering from hip fracture.Methods:We enrolled an inception cohort of hip fracture patients within 3 to 5 days of surgery. Baseline assessments included the Functional Independence Measure (FIM™), Folstein Mini-Mental State Examinations, and the HUI2 and HUI3 questionnaire. Follow-up assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months also included a global change question. Test–retest reliability was assessed as agreement between 3- and 6-month scores using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Two approaches were used to classify patients as stable; a third approach based on the generalizability theory was also used. Patients were classified as stable if their FIM™ overall scores changed by 10 points or fewer and if they classified themselves as having experienced no or only a little change according to their global change question.Results:Complete data at both the 3- and 6-month assessments based on self-report were available for 196 patients; 141 patients with complete data were classified as stable. The ICCs for HUI2 and HUI3 for stable patients were 0.71 and 0.72; the ICCs derived from the generalizability theory were 0.76 and 0.77.Conclusions:Test–retest reliability for HUI in this cohort was similar to reliability estimates for other preference-based multiattribute and generic health-profile measures—in the acceptable range for making valid group-level comparisons.
Effect of different dosage and administration schedules of folic acid on blood folate levels in a population of Honduran women of reproductive age
Authors: Rosenthal J , Milla G , Flores A , Yon M , Pfeiffer C , Umaña E , Skerrette N , Barahona F ,   The Cooperative Folic Acid Research Group†
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies and clinical trials have shown conclusive evidence that periconceptional folic acid supplementation prevents up to 70 % of neural tube defects (NTD). The Honduran government wanted to implement a supplementation programme of folic acid but needed to assess the relative effects of two dosages of folic acid.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of two dosages of folic acid on blood folate levels in Honduran female factory workers aged 18 to 49 years.DesignThis was a randomized, double-blind control supplementation trial conducted in Choloma, Honduras. A total of 140 eligible women were randomly assigned to two dosage groups and followed up for 12 weeks. One group received a daily dosage of 1 mg folic acid and the other a once weekly dosage of 5 mg. Serum folate and red blood cell folate levels were determined by radioassay at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks.ResultsSerum folate levels increased from 6·3 (se 0·2) to 14·9 (se 0·6) ng/ml (P < 0·0001) in women assigned to the 1 mg/d group and from 6·9 (se 0·3) to 10·1 (se 0·4) ng/ml (P < 0·0001) in those assigned to the 5 mg/week group. Red blood cell folate concentrations also increased significantly in both groups, albeit more slowly. Educational level, age and BMI were not associated with the changes in serum and red blood cell folate levels during the supplementation period. However, a differential effect on serum folate levels by dosage group and time was observed.ConclusionsAlthough both folate supplementation regimens increased serum and red blood cell folate levels significantly among the women studied, blood folate levels that are considered to be protective of NTD were reached faster with the daily dosage of 1 mg folic acid.
The role of mentoring in public health nutrition workforce development. Perspectives of advanced-level practitioners
Authors: Palermo Claire , McCall Louise 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the nature, role and utility of mentoring in the development of competence in advanced-level Australian public health nutritionists.DesignQualitative study using in-depth interviews.Subjects and settingEighteen advanced-level public health nutritionists working in academic and practice settings in Australia.ResultsThe attributes and career pathways of the subjects were consistent with previous findings. Dissatisfaction with clinical practice was a key reason for choosing a career in public health. Experiential learning, postgraduate education and mentoring from both peers and senior colleagues were the most significant contributors to competency development. The subjects supported mentoring as an important strategy for public health nutrition workforce development and articulated the characteristics and models important for mentoring relationships in public health nutrition.ConclusionsThe present study suggests mentoring was an important part of competency development for advanced-level public health and community nutritionists in Australia. Mentoring programmes based on experiential learning may assist in developing public health nutrition workforce competence.
Thermal Carbon Dioxide Splitting: A Summary of the Peer-Reviewed Scientific Literature
Authors: Rayne Sierra 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIncreasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO~2~) in the atmosphere have stimulated significant global research and development efforts regarding the reduction in CO~2~ emissions from all point and non-point sources. In addition to technologies that do not use carbon feedstocks or which capture and "permanently" store CO~2~ (i.e., sequestration), there is considerable worldwide interest among the academic, industrial, and government communities regarding methods for dissociating waste stream carbon dioxide molecules into their constituent carbon and oxygen ("CO~2~ splitting") atoms as a final "end-of-pipe" treatment option. The splitting of carbon dioxide has also been actively discussed and researched in the space exploration and extraterrestrial colonization programs for several decades. This document summarizes the peer-reviewed open source scientific literature regarding thermal methods for carbon dioxide splitting.
Trehalose 6-phosphate: a signal of sucrose status
Authors: Paul Matthew J. 
Published: April 2008

T6P (trehalose 6-phosphate), the precursor of trehalose, has come out of obscurity over 10 years to be appreciated as an important regulator of plant metabolism and development, quite possibly linking the two. This information has been gained from analysis of mutant and transgenic plants, which show strong, diverse and strategically important phenotypes. Plant genes that encode the trehalose pathway are numerous and highly regulated transcriptionally and post-translationally, responding sensitively to the environment in a developmentally programmed and tissue-specific manner further suggestive of a vital function. Yet the precise role of T6P has not been clear. In an article published in the Biochemical Journal in 2006, John Lunn and colleagues addressed a major obstacle to understanding the function of T6P through development of a method capable of resolving femtomolar quantities of T6P from very small amounts of tissue. Using this technology, the authors showed large changes in T6P content that reflect tissue sucrose status. Overall, this elegant work makes an important contribution towards our understanding of the function of T6P in plants.
Oceanographic gradients and patterns in invertebrate assemblages on offshore oil platforms
Authors: Page Henry M. , Culver Carolynn S. , Dugan Jenifer E. , Mardian Brent 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Page, H. M., Culver, C. S., Dugan, J. E., and Mardian, B. 2008. Oceanographic gradients and patterns in invertebrate assemblages on offshore oil platforms. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 851–861. We explored variability in the composition and cover of subtidal macroinvertebrate assemblages, and the recruitment and growth rates of selected invertebrate species, on seven offshore oil and gas platforms arrayed across a gradient in oceanographic conditions in the Santa Barbara Channel, CA, USA. The major macroinvertebrate taxa (sea anemones, mussels, barnacles, tubiculous amphipods, hydroids, and sponges) were common to all platforms. However, discriminant function analysis (DFA) revealed that the assemblages of two platforms (Gilda and Gail) clearly differed from the other platforms, a pattern attributable, in part, to the presence of conspicuous exotic species (the anemone, Diadumene sp., and encrusting bryozoan, Watersipora subtorquata) on these platforms. If these exotic species were excluded from the analysis, platforms in proximity to each other generally tended to have invertebrate assemblages more similar to each other than to platforms located farther away. Spatial variation in barnacle recruitment onto ceramic plates and mussel growth rate reflected prevailing oceanographic gradients. The existence of along-channel patterns in the composition of platform invertebrate assemblages, and in invertebrate recruitment and growth associated with oceanographic gradients, suggests that assemblages attached to platforms or other artificial structures may be useful barometers of short and perhaps longer term change in ocean climate.
Can economic and biological management objectives be achieved by the use of MSY-based reference points? A North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and sole (Solea solea) case study
Authors: Pilling Graham M. , Kell Laurence T. , Hutton Trevor , Bromley Peter J. , Tidd Alex N. , Bolle Loes J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPilling, G. M., Kell, L. T., Hutton, T., Bromley, P. J., Tidd, A. N., and Bolle, L. J. 2008. Can economic and biological management objectives be achieved by the use of MSY-based reference points? A North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and sole (Solea solea) case study. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1069–1080. We examined the biological and economic impact of changing from management based on single-species limit reference points to one based on alternative targets, using the multispecies multifleet North Sea flatfish fishery. The robustness of reference points was tested against identified changes in plaice and sole biology. Current ICES single-species limit and precautionary biomass and fishing mortality reference points were seldom consistent with each other. Although they were generally robust to biological uncertainty, fishing at Fpa for sole could lead to stock collapse under one biological scenario. Adoption of alternative targets would reduce reliance on current reference points as stocks moved to a more sustainable state. Maximum sustainable yield (MSY), maximum economic yield (MEY), and maximum employment conditions implied different effort levels in the two fleets modelled, and different profits. Ftarget could be achieved with equal effort reductions in both fleets. Changes in stock biology affected the fishing effort required to maximize employment within the fishery, whereas MSY, Fmax, and MEY targets were robust to this uncertainty. Resulting profits and yields did vary widely, however. The selection of target reference points therefore requires stakeholders to define fishery objectives explicitly, against which targets can be evaluated for the resulting trade-offs between risk to stocks, yield, employment, and other social objectives.
Enhanced distribution of NK012, a polymeric micelle‐encapsulated SN‐38, and sustained release of SN‐38 within tumors can beat a hypovascular tumor
Authors: Saito Yohei , Yasunaga Masahiro , Kuroda Junichiro , Koga Yoshikatsu , Matsumura Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2008

Human pancreatic cancer is generally hypovascular in nature and rich in interstitium. These pathological barriers may contribute to the intractable nature of pancreatic cancer by binding the penetration of anticancer agents throughout the tumor tissue. The aim of the present study was to determine whether NK012 is an appropriate formulation for the treatment of hypovascular tumors. Among pancreatic tumor xenografts, PSN1 appeared to have the richest tumor vasculature and the least number of stromal cells and matrix. In contrast, Capan1 had the poorest tumor vasculature and most abundant stromal tissue. Fluorescence microscopy and high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated that although NK012 accumulated and continued to be distributed for more than 48 h throughout the entire body of both tumors, CPT‐11 disappeared almost entirely from both tumors within 6 h. In addition, efficient sustained release of SN‐38 was maintained for more than 96 h in both tumors following administration of NK012. Following the administration of CPT‐11, SN‐38 was no longer detectable after 24 h in the Capan1 tumor or after 48 h in the PSN1 tumor. All tumors were eradicated in the mice treated with NK012 but not in those treated with CPT‐11. Because the antitumor activity of SN‐38 is time dependent, NK012, which combines enhanced distribution with sustained release of SN‐38 within tumors, may be ideal for the treatment of hypovascular tumors, such as pancreatic cancer. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 1258–1264)
Enhanced radiation response of a solid tumor with the artificial oxygen carrier ‘albumin‐heme’
Authors: Horinouchi Hirohisa , Yamamoto Hisashi , Komatsu Teruyuki , Huang Yubin , Tsuchida Eishun , Kobayashi Koichi 
Published: April 2008

Tumor‐cell hypoxia is one of the main factors inducing radioresistance. Enhanced tumor oxygenation has previously been achieved in an animal model using the synthetic heme‐based oxygen carrier ‘albumin‐heme’ (recombinant human serum albumin‐Fe cyclohexanoil heme; rHSA‐FeP). The present study was done to determine whether rHSA‐FeP enhances the radiation response in an experimental tumor model. Male Donryu rats and LY80, a variant of the syngenic liver ascites tumor, were used. A total of 1 × 106 cells were injected into the subfascial tissue of the right thigh. The rats were divided randomly into five groups: sham (tumor implantation and sham operation); rHSA‐FeP; irradiation; rHSA + irradiation; and rHSA‐FeP + irradiation. Six days after, under general anesthesia, intra‐arterial administration of 10 mL/kg of either 5% rHSA solution or oxygenated rHSA‐FeP solution at 2.5 mL/min was done and a dose of 20 Gy was given. There were significant differences in tumor growth between the sham and irradiation groups, and between the sham and rHSA‐FeP + irradiation groups. Tumor growth delay was observed and differences were significant between the sham and irradiation groups, and between the irradiation and rHSA‐FeP + irradiation groups. In the present study, rHSA‐FeP itself had a slight effect on tumor growth without irradiation. Enhancing the effect of rHSA‐FeP on the radiation response is responsible in part for the oxygen‐carrying property of rHSA‐FeP. In conclusion, rHSA‐FeP is a candidate radiation‐enhancing drug. Arterial infusion of rHSA‐FeP may serve as a local oxygenation method that enhances the radiation effect. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 1274–1278)
Age‐related Epstein–Barr virus‐associated B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders: Special references to lymphomas surrounding this newly recognized clinicopathologic disease
Authors: Shimoyama Yoshie , Yamamoto Kazuhito , Asano Naoko , Oyama Takashi , Kinoshita Tomohiro , Nakamura Shigeo 
Published: April 2008

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is associated with some disease entities of malignant lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, immunodeficiency‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD), and a part of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. We have recently identified a series of elderly patients with EBV‐associated (or EBV+) B‐cell LPD (B‐LPD) showing similarities in many respects to immunodeficiency‐associated LPD, although no evidence of underlying immunodeficiency was found. Therefore, the nosological category of senile or age‐related EBV+ B‐LPD has been proposed for those patients. A larger series of patients with this disease revealed that the relative ratios of such EBV+ B‐LPD to all diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma cases were higher with increasing with age, reaching a peak (20–30%) at ≥90 years of age, with a median of 71 years, providing additional evidence for our assertion that this disease may be related to immunological deterioration as a result of the aging process. This new disease entity is characterized pathologically by centroblasts, immunoblasts, and Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg‐like giant cells with a varying degree of reactive components, often posing therapeutic and diagnostic problems for hematologists and pathologists, respectively. The aim of the present review is to briefly summarize the overall clinicopathological profile of this newly recognized age‐related (also called ‘senile’) EBV+ B‐LPD and EBV+ Hodgkin lymphoma for a practical diagnostic approach. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 1085–1091)
Application de pesticides à bas et ultra‐bas volume en Yougoslavie
Authors: Topalovic G. 
Published: April 2008

SummaireLes considérations d'ordre économique sont la principale raison qui a orienté l'Aviation agricole de la JAT à introduire dans la pratique l'application de pesticides à bas et ultra‐bas volume en équipant les avions d'appareils rotatifs « micronair » et « turbair». Cette technique a été mise au point au cours des deux dernières années et dès maintenant elle va être mise en pratique en agriculture, en sylviculture et pour la protection de la santé publique.L'application d'insecticides à ultra‐bas volume (ULV) sera faite surtout pour protéger la betterave à sucre contre les noctuelles (Noctuidae), Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ., et les pucerons (Aphididae), pour combattre Eurygaster spp., Lema spp., ainsi qu'un certain nombre de ravageurs des plantes forestières, notamment Lymantria dispar L., enfin pour lutter contre les moustiques. L'application de fongicides à bas volume (LV) est pour l'instant limitée essentiellement au traitement de la vigne contre le mildiou et de la betterave à sucre contre Cercospora, et aux besoins de l'arboriculture.
Réflexions sur la notion de pulvérlsation à dosage ultra‐bas
Authors: Bals E.J. 
Published: April 2008

SummaireL'application de traitements à dosage et à volume ultra‐bas en goutte‐lettes fines, uniformes et non volatiles s'est développée lorsque des expériences pratiques ont indiqué que leur efficacité se fondait sur une redistribution de la matière active à la surface des tissus végétaux non atteints à l'origine. Le choix s'est porté sur des gouttelettes de 70 microns, émises de préférence à partir d'appareils rotatifs. Des volumes de 1 à 8 1/ha semblent suffisants contre les cryptogames et les insectes stationnaires et 0.1 à 1 1/ha contre les insectes mobiles, mais il y a lieu de réduire encore le dosage en l'adaptant aux strictes nécessités.Les risques de dérive des produits non volatils paraissent moindres que ceux des pulvérisations à base d'eau. Une étude suivie des formulations pourrait réduire les dangers de contamination mais la notion de traitements à dosage ultra‐bas mérite de retenir l'attention.
Recent Improvements in Pneumatic Aerial Spraying
Authors: Audibert M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn experimental treatments of vineyards against downy mildew, a Pintagram pneumatic sprayer on a Bell G helicopter using 10–15 lit./ha. was compared with pressure spraying with ground equipment (200 lit./ha.) or from a helicopter (50 lit./ha.). The efficacy of the Pintagram was slightly less than that of the ground sprayer but was comparable to the conventionally equipped helicopter and allowed the profitability of treatments to be raised by some 30%.
Review of ULV‐Formulations for Drift Spraying
Authors: Holtmann H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractULV‐formulations of lindane, BHC, dimethoate, bromophos, bromophosethyl and combinations have been developed. Results of field tests on a number of pest problems are summarized. Preliminary experiments on brushkilling by 2, 4, 5‐T ULV application are reported.
Note sur la lutte contre Dacus oleae (Gmel.) au moyen de pulvérisations d'appâts à bas et ultra‐bas volume
Authors: Orphanidis P.S. , Mourikis P.A. , Souliotis M.C. 
Published: April 2008

SummaireL'étude des données de trois années de recherches expérimentales (1967, 1968, 1969) sur la lutte préventive aérienne contre Dacus au moyen de pulvérisations d'appâts à ultra‐bas volume et de pulvérisations habituelles à bas volume permet de comparer l'efficacité des deux méthodes. L'évaluation effectuée au moyen de méthodes directes et indirectes (répartition des gouttelettes, attaque subie par le fruit de l'olivier, pièges, abattages sur collecteurs) fait ressortir qu'il n'y a pas de différence d'efficacité statistiquement significative entre les deux modes de traitement. Il est estimé opportun de poursuivre des résultats expérimentaux dans des conditions de forte attaque.
Some Opportunities for Pest Prevention by Ultra‐low Volume Spraying
Authors: Joyce R.J.V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe needs of the modern system of integrated control, or pest management, are contrasted with those of the prevailing view that pest control is an individual responsibility. It is argued that a rational approach to pest management must be based on a knowledge of the scale on which it must be exercised. In the case of mobile insects the scale normally far exceeds the ecologically artificial boundaries represented by fields or private holdings. The argument is illustrated by the desert locust where numbers are reckoned in millions of millions and mobility in terms of hundreds and thousands of km., calling for international action, and the Tsetse fly where numbers are reckoned in less than 10 per ha. and mobility in terms of km. Experience in the control of paddy pests in Java is drawn on to show the contribution of synoptic survey to delimit the scale and time for appropriate action, followed by synchronous application of pesticides in achieving, through control of pests, yield increases in excess of what could be expected from small scale plot trials. The value of spraying at ultra‐low volume rates is that it provides the means of achieving more or less synchronous application of pesticides on the scale demanded by the problem.
Emploi de formules à base de Cidial et de Rogor dans le traitement à ultra‐bas volume par hélicoptère
Authors: Pinamonti F. , Vavassori A. 
Published: April 2008

SummaireLorsque les différents problèmes techniques inhérents aux applications ULV par hélicoptères furent résolus, il a été possible d'introduire les traitements insecticides sur le plan pratique. Le Rogor L 30 (diméthoate) s'est révélé efficace contre Dacus oleae Gmel. et le Cidial 50 L (phenthoate) contre les moustiques. Les résultats obtenus à l'aide du Cidial contre Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. sont considérés et les investigations portent également sur les possibilités d'appliquer les fongicides en ULV sur la vigne, les peupliers, le tabac et les betteraves.
The Use of Cidial and Rogor Formulations in Ultra‐low Volume Treatments from Helicopters
Authors: Pinamonti F. , Vavassori A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWhen various technical problems connected with ULV spraying from helicopters had been solved the practical application of insecticides was started. Rogor L 30 (dimethoate) was successfully used against Dacus oleae Gmel. and Cidial 50 L (phenthoate) against mosquitoes. The results of the use of Cidial against Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. are being analysed, and the possibilities of applying fungicides at ULV rates in vineyards and on poplars, tobacco and beet crops are being investigated.
Problems in the Formulation of Pesticides for ULV Application
Authors: Hope J.N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe various factors affecting the production of satisfactory ULV formulations of common pesticides are discussed. Both the selection of carrier oils and the incorporation of active ingredients are examined and field workers are warned against possible misfortunes as the result of « on the spot » formulations. The importance of using machines capable of emitting the carefully controlled droplets necessary for satisfactory ULV spraying is stressed.