bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of CXC chemokine receptor 2 inPseudomonas aeruginosacorneal infection
Authors: Khan Shamila , Cole Nerida , Hume Emma B , Garthwaite Linda , Conibear Timothy C R , Miles David H , Aliwaga Yulina , Krockenberger Mark B , Willcox Mark D P 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPseudomonas is one of the leading causes of contact lens-related microbial keratitis. Despite the use of antibiotics, the host inflammatory response continues to cause damage to the cornea, which may lead to blindness. CXCR2-binding chemokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas keratitis, and the exact role of this receptor remains to be elucidated. Corneas of CXCR2 knockout and wild-type mice (Cmkar 2−/− and Cmkar 2+/+) were scratched, and 2 × 106 CFU/mL Pseudomonas 6294 or 6206 was added to corneas. Twenty-four hours postinfection, mice were killed, and eyes were harvested for enumeration of bacteria, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and inflammatory mediators. Cmkar 2−/− had 20- to 100-fold more bacteria than Cmkar 2+/+ mice. There were no differences in MPO levels between gene knockout and Cmkar 2+/+ mice. Histology revealed PMN were restricted to the limbal area. Levels of CXCR2 chemokines (keratinocyte-derived chemokine and MIP-2) were elevated significantly in gene knockout mice. A lack of CXCR2 leads to an inability to control bacterial numbers as a result of the inability of PMN to reach the site of infection in the avascular cornea. These results imply that CXCR2 is critical to the extravasation of neutrophils into the avascular cornea.
Regulatory T cell-mediated suppression: potential role of ICER
Authors: Bodor Josef , Fehervari Zoltan , Diamond Betty , Sakaguchi Shimon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHow regulatory T (TR) cells dampen T cell responses remains unclear. Multiple modes of action have been proposed, including cell contact-dependent and/or cytokine-dependent mechanisms. Suppression may involve direct contact between TR cells and responder T cells. Alternatively, TR cells may act on dendritic cells to reduce their abiity to prime T cells by modulating costimulation, inducing the secretion of suppressive cytokines or the increase of tryptophan metabolism. Here, we review emerging, novel mechanisms involved in contact-dependent, TR-mediated suppression of IL-2 production in responder CD25− T lymphocytes and the potential involvement of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) in this suppression. Finally, cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-10, produced by TR cells or other cells, may exert local suppression, which can be conveyed by basic mechanism(s) acting in a similar manner as contact-dependent, TR-mediated suppression.
Number of CD4+ Cells and Location of Forkhead Box Protein P3–Positive Cells in Diagnostic Follicular Lymphoma Tissue Microarrays Correlates With Outcome
Authors: Lee Abigail M. , Clear Andrew J. , Calaminici Maria , Davies Andrew J. , Jordan Suzanne , MacDougall Finlay , Matthews Janet , Norton Andrew J. , Gribben John G. , Lister T. Andrew , Goff Lindsey K. 
Published: October 2006

Purpose To examine the immune microenvironment in diagnostic follicular lymphoma (FL) biopsies and evaluate its prognostic significance. Patients and Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to study numbers and location of cells staining positive for immune cell markers CD4, CD7, CD8, CD25, CD68, forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3), T-cell intracellular antigen-1, and Granzyme B in tissue microarrays of paraffin-embedded, diagnostic lymph node biopsies taken from 59 FL patients who lived less than 5 years (short-survival group; n = 34) and more than 15 years (long-survival group; n = 25). Results CD4 and FOXP3 expression were significantly different between the two groups. Samples from the long-survival group were more likely than those from the short-survival group to have CD4+ staining cells and to have FOXP3-positive cells in a perifollicular location. Conclusion This study has identified differences in immune cell composition of the diagnostic FL lymph node immune microenvironment and these have the potential for use as prognostic biomarkers in a routine histopathology setting.
Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Human Ovarian Surface Epithelial Cells
Authors: Rae M. T. , Gubbay O. , Kostogiannou A. , Price D. , Critchley H. O. D. , Hillier S. G. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Context: Ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells express multiple nuclear hormone receptor genes, including those encoding thyroid hormone and estrogen receptors (TR and ER, respectively). Ovarian cancer is hormone-dependent, and epidemiological evidence links hyperthyroidism, inflammation of the ovarian surface, and increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess T3 action on human OSE cells in vitro, asking 1) is there evidence for (pre)receptor control, 2) is T3 inflammatory, and 3) does T3 affect ER expression?
Design: Immunohistochemical analysis of fixed human ovaries and in vitro analysis of human OSE primary cell cultures were performed.
Patients: Twelve women aged 29–50 yr (median, 41 yr) undergoing elective gynecological surgery for nonmalignant conditions were studied.
Results: Messenger RNA transcripts for TRα1, TRα2, TRβ1, and T3 activating deiodinase 2 and inactivating deiodinase 3 were present in primary OSE cell cultures by RT-PCR. TRα and TRβ proteins were also localized to intact OSE by immunohistochemistry. Treatment of OSE cell cultures for 24 h with T3 caused dose-dependent mRNA expression of inflammation-associated genes: cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and 11βhydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Finally, treatment with T3 dose dependently stimulated ERα mRNA expression without affecting ERβ1 or ERβ2.
Conclusion: The ovarian surface is a potential T3 target. T3 exerts direct inflammatory effects on OSE cell function in vitro. OSE cell responses to T3 include increased expression of ERα mRNA, which encodes the ER isoform most strongly associated with ovarian cancer. This could help explain suggested epidemiological links between hyperthyroidism and ovarian cancer.
Hyaluronan synthesis in the adult guinea pig endolymphatic sac
Authors: Parker David A. , Schindler Robert A. , Amoils C. Philip , Lustig Lawrence R. , Hradek Gary T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe endolymphatic sac is believed to play a major role in membranous labyrinth homeostasis by controlling the volume of endolymph, removing debris, and participating in the immune response of the inner ear. The endolymphatic sac is postulated to absorb endolymph and to synthesize and secrete high‐molecular‐weight and osmotically active glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The present study examines the ability of in vitro adult guinea pig endolymphatic sac cells to synthesize complex proteins and polysaccharides. The intent is to characterize the nature of these compounds by studying carbon‐14 (14C) glucose incorporation in tissue cultured endolymphatic sac specimens using autoradiographic and specific enzymatic digestion techniques. Our results suggest that sac cells can synthesize GAGs and proteins in vitro in proportionately larger amounts than surrounding connective tissue and dura. The principal GAG synthesized by the endolymphatic sac appears to be hyaluronan.
Early experience with percutaneous tracheotomy
Authors: Wang Marilene B. , Berke Gerald S. , Ward Paul H. , Calcaterra Thomas C. , Watts Donna 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEarly reports of a percutaneous dilatational technique for tracheotomy tube placement have been encouraging. This method uses a needle for placement into the trachea, a J‐tipped guidewire, and progressively larger dilators to widen the stoma for insertion of a tracheotomy tube.A prospective study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of this percutaneous tracheotomy technique. Serious complications were encountered, including difficulty with dilatation, excessive bleeding, false passage of the tracheotomy tube, and death. Because of this unacceptable morbidity, the study was terminated after enrollment of only seven patients. Percutaneous tracheotomy is a dangerous procedure with potential for catastrophic complications. These complications were encountered by third‐and fourth‐year surgical residents performing the procedure under close supervision. If the puncture technique is further popularized and attempted by untrained physicians, these authors predict many disasters.
Oncofetal antigen expression in head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Gussack Gerald S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOncofetal antigens (OFA) are proteins expressed during periods of embryonal/fetal development and on malignant cells. Previous investigations detected the presence of phase‐specific 44‐and 200‐kd OFA, using a monoclonal antibody (MoAb 115). This study will determine if primary head and neck squamous cell carcinomas express the 44‐kd OFA, and will assess the possible role of OFA in oncogenesis.Fifteen primary human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and six HNSCC cell lines were tested for OFA expression. Thirteen primary cancers and three cell lines demonstrated various degrees of OFA positivity. Oncofetal antigens are proposed to represent a proto‐oncogene active during fetal development and malignant growth in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
Influence of middle ear immune response on the immunological state and function of the inner ear
Authors: Gloddek B. , Lamm Kerstin , Haslov K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAccording to clinical experience, a causative correlation between otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss is likely. During an otitis media, inflammatory mediators should be released and diffuse through the round window membrane to cause an immune response of the inner ear.Using 20 guinea pigs, an immunologically caused otitis media was induced. Auditory evoked potentials were registered by means of electrocochleography and electric response audiometry from day 0 to day 7. Each time, before and after starting the immune response serum, middle ear effusion and perilymph were sampled and the concentration of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) analyzed. Decalcified temporal bones were examined immunohistochemically.In this study, IL‐2 was found in the middle ear effusion and perilymph, and there was evidence of an immune response of the inner ear during an otitis media. Histological results were in close correlation with this event. Electrophysiological data showed conduction deafness and signs of sensorineural hearing loss with a maximum at day 3.
Spontaneous and evoked otoacoustic emissions in preterm neonates
Authors: Bonfils Pierre , Francois Martine , Avan Paul , Londero Alain , Trotoux Jacques , Narcy Philippe 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSpontaneous (SOEs) and evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOEs) were recorded in a group of preterm neonates (N = 134 ears) in order to study the basic properties of SOEs and EOEs as a function of gestational age. In the study, it was found that: 1. EOEs were recorded in 93% of the tested ears; 2. SOEs were recorded in 61% of the tested ears; 3. there were no statistically significant variations of EOE amplitude with gestational age; 4. EOE spectrum did not vary with age; and 5. the two main factors influencing EOE amplitude were the SOE presence and the fast Fourier transform spectrum, especially the lower limit of the spectrum. Thus, the maturation of outer hair cell properties appears to be complete at 32 weeks of gestational age. Because a number of infants at risk for hearing loss are preterm babies, screening for EOEs, an objective, rapid, and nontraumatic technique, may prove useful in evaluating peripheral auditory dysfunction in preterm neonates.
Serologic determinants of survival in patients with head and neck cancer: Validating a clinical prediction model
Authors: Lydiatt Daniel D. , Savage Howard E. , Clayman Gary L. , Sample Dory , Schantz Stimson P. , Liu Frank J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractQuantitative measurements of serum C1q‐binding macromolecules (C1qBM) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) were done on 162 patients using previously described methodology. The measurements were compared to a previously described head and neck cancer population. Using the Cox Proportional Hazards model, the prognostic implications regarding high ClqBM and subsequent death with disease (P = .02), and regional recurrence (P = .0094) were validated, but not our previous IgA‐related prognostic implications. When both study populations were combined, ClqBM was predictive of survival in those patients treated with induction chemotherapy (P = .0001). ClqBM was not a significant predictor of survival in patients treated with surgery plus postoperative radiation therapy in either this second “test” population or in the original “training” population. The findings demonstrate the confounding influence of treatment modalities and the importance of model validation.
Implications of positive surgical margins
Authors: Jacobs John R. , Ahmad Kurshid , Casiano Roy , Schuller David E. , Scott Charles , Laramore George E. , Al‐Sarraf Muhyi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe recently concluded Head and Neck Intergroup trial tested the addition of three courses of cis‐platinum containing chemotherapy to standard treatment of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for patients with advanced operable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Only patients with negative surgical margins were eligible for the trial. One hundred twelve patients with positive surgical margins were dropped from the trial but continued to be followed. These patients received a variety of treatments. Positive surgical margins were most often seen in nonglottic primaries and with increasing frequency as the N stage increased. Patients with positive margins who achieved a complete clinical response to subsequent treatment had a median survival of 33.8 months vs. 9.1 months for those with less than a complete clinical response. The addition of chemotherapy did not significantly alter the median survival of the positive margin patients.
Clinical staging for primary malignancies of the supraglottic larynx
Authors: Zamora Rene L. , Harvey Joseph E. , Sessions Donald G. , Spitznagel Edward L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA study of 520 patients with primary supraglottic cancer was conducted. The tumors were staged according to the 1983 and 1988 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T‐and N‐stage definitions. There were 293 patients with early stage (T1, T2) tumors, 227 with advanced stage (T3, T4) tumors and 428 with early nodal disease (N0, N1) in both systems. In the 1983 N‐staging, there were 44 N2 and 48 N3 lesions; in the 1988 N‐staging, there were 62 N2 and 30 N3 lesions. Cox regression analysis showed that the 1983 and 1988 T‐stage (T1 through T4) definitions successfully prognosticate for survival when patients were without neck node involvement. In contrast, when neck nodes were present, the N‐stage (N0 through N3) of the disease prognosticated survival better than T‐stage. Further analyses showed that the 1988 N‐stage definition provided a better separation between N2 and N3 lesions compared to the 1983 version. Combined‐modality treatment (surgery and radiation) significantly improved survival compared to single‐modality treatment (surgery or radiation alone) when patients were staged T4 and N0 through N3 neck disease, but not when patients advanced from T1 to T3. Comparison of treatment efficacy over the last four decades for single‐and combined‐modality treatment did not reveal statistically significant differences in survival rates in our patient population. This was consistent with cumulative results of various institutions over the last four decades. We conclude that the 1988 AJCC T‐and N‐stage definitions successfully prognosticate for T‐stage (T1 through T4) and N‐stage (N0 through N3) with better separation of N2 and N3 lesions compared to the 1983 version.
Hemipharyngectomy and hemilaryngectomy for pyriform sinus cancer: Reconstruction with remaining larynx and hypopharynx and with tracheostomy
Authors: Barzan Luigi , Comoretto Roberto 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhen resection of the posterior hypopharyngeal wall is undertaken for treatment of pyriform sinus carcinoma, a very narrow mucosal strip may be left for reconstruction. A surgical technique for carcinoma which has invaded the whole lateral hypopharyngeal wall is described. It consists of resecting half the larynx and half the hypopharynx and reconstructing the food canal using the mucosa of the unaffected half of the larynx and the remnant hypopharynx. A series of 34 patients treated by this technique is presented. No hypopharyngeal stenosis was observed. Local recurrences developed in 9 cases and distant metastases in 6. A specific disease mortality rate of 44% was encountered. At present, 15 patients are disease‐free after a median follow‐up of 48 months.
Otoacoustic emissions in full‐term newborns at risk for hearing loss
Authors: Lafreniere D. , Smurzynski J. , Jung M. , Leonard G. , Kim D. O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDistortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOEs) and click‐evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOEs) characteristics of the normal newborn population have been previously reported in the literature. There is little information about DPOE evaluations in the newborn population at risk for hearing loss. The authors now report the DPOE and/or CEOE data from six full‐term subjects at risk for hearing loss or with highly suspected hearing loss. These subjects were less than 1 year of age and at risk for hearing loss secondary to a history of hereditary hearing loss, meningitis, hyperbilirubinemia, and ototoxic drug exposure. Audiometric evaluation included auditory brainstem responses (ABR), behavioral observation audiometry, and tympanometry. The CEOEs and DPOEs were found to be decreased or absent in the subjects with suspected hearing loss secondary to cochlear pathology; they were found to be normal in a subject with a suspected central hearing loss. This study's data suggest that otoacoustic emissions when combined with ABR can provide a frequency‐specific evaluation of cochlear function and help determine the anatomic site of a pathologic lesion.
Home Management of Upper Airway Obstruction in Pierre Robin Sequence Using a Nasopharyngeal Airway
Authors: Anderson K. D. , Cole A. , Chuo C. B. , Slator R. 
Published: October 2006

Objective: This unit has reported management of infants with Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) and upper airway obstruction using nasopharyngeal airways and nutritional support until enough growth takes place for the infant to thrive. There was a mean hospital stay of 60 days. This long in-patient stay prompted review of our management protocols and consideration of treatment at home. This paper reports our experience of managing infants with PRS at home using a nasopharyngeal airway and nasogastric feeding tube and reviews whether such management reduces in-patient stay while remaining safe and effective. Design: Retrospective review of cases referred over a 3.5-year period. Comparison is made with the unit's previously published results. Patients: Thirteen PRS infants were referred to the West Midlands Regional Cleft service and required transfer to Birmingham Children's Hospital for specialist assessment and airway control. Interventions: The parents of 12 infants underwent training to manage the airway and feeding tube. Treatment then continued at home. Outcome measures: In-patient episode, rate of weight gain, and complication rate were used. Results: The median hospital stay was 19.5 days compared to 54 days previously. The median rate of weight gain was 34 g/d. There were no complications or readmissions. Conclusion: This series demonstrates the revised management protocol followed has reduced in-patient stays and remained effective, with infants continuing to thrive after discharge home, and has a low complication rate.
Carbon Aerogels Derived from Anion‐Modified Nanocellulose for Adaptive Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Al Haj Yazan , Soliman Ahmed B. , Vapaavuori Jaana , Elbahri Mady 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the pursuit of developing advanced carbon aerogel (CA) supercapacitors, a rational design approach is introduced that utilizes often overlooked conjugated anions to modulate the properties of CAs. Ionic cross‐linking of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) aerogels ensures the preservation of structural integrity even after carbonization. Interestingly, anion selection not only influences the cross‐linking and carbonization processes but also significantly modulates the electrochemical performance of the resulting CAs. This is found to be vital in optimizing the overall supercapacitor performance. Electro‐assisted (EA) wetting of the electrodes procures an adaptive and progressive performance enhancement, heralding the advent of sustainable supercapacitors crafted from earth‐abundant materials.
Progress on the Design of Electrocatalysts for Large‐Current Hydrogen Production by Tuning Thermodynamic and Kinetic Factors
Authors: Li Ye , Feng Ao , Dai Linxiu , Xi Baojuan , An Xuguang , Xiong Shenglin , An Changhua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting to produce green hydrogen offers a promising technology for renewable energy conversion and storage, as well as realizing carbon neutrality. The efficiency, stability, and cost of electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and electrocatalytic overall water splitting (EOWS) at large current densities are essential for practical application. In this review, the key factors that determine the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts at large current densities are summarized from the angel of thermodynamic and kinetic correlation. The corresponding design strategies are presented. The electronic structure and density of active sites that affect the adsorption/desorption of intermediates are considered as the thermodynamic aspects, while charge transfer and mass transport capabilities closely associated with electrode resistance and intermediate diffusion are assigned as kinetic effects. Recent development of bifunctional and integrated electrocatalysts toward EOWS is also discussed in detail. Finally, the perspective and direction on the electrocatalytic water splitting under large current density are proposed. This comprehensive overview will offer profound insights and guidance for the continued advancement of this field.
Challenges and Strategies for Endothelializing Decellularized Small‐Diameter Tissue‐Engineered Vessel Grafts
Authors: Ding Heng , Hou Xiaojie , Gao Zhen , Guo Yingqiang , Liao Bin , Wan Juyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVascular diseases are the leading cause of ischemic necrosis in tissues and organs, necessitating using vascular grafts to restore blood supply. Currently, small vessels for coronary artery bypass grafts are unavailable in clinical settings. Decellularized small‐diameter tissue‐engineered vessel grafts (SD‐TEVGs) hold significant potential. However, they face challenges, as simple implantation of decellularized SD‐TEVGs in animals leads to thrombosis and calcification due to incomplete endothelialization. Consequently, research and development focus has shifted toward enhancing the endothelialization process of decellularized SD‐TEVGs. This paper reviews preclinical studies involving decellularized SD‐TEVGs, highlighting different strategies and their advantages and disadvantages for achieving rapid endothelialization of these vascular grafts. Methods are analyzed to improve the process while addressing potential shortcomings. This paper aims to contribute to the future commercial viability of decellularized SD‐TEVGs.