bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific features of obtaining and using electronic evidence in criminal proceedings
Authors: Teslenko I. O. 
Published: April 2024

The relevance and importance of this research is due to the fact that scientific and technological progress and rapid development of information technology in all spheres of public life have significantly influenced the emergence of new types of criminal offences. Criminals are using computer systems and other portable devices to commit unlawful acts with increasing frequency. Today, many criminal offences are being committed with the help of information technology around the world, ranging from simple online fraud to the threat of a territorial act. Therefore, one of the ways to record (document) such illegal activities effectively is to obtain (collect) electronic evidence by law enforcement agencies in criminal proceedings. In this regard, the key role is played by evidence, which helps to form an evidence base that makes it possible to notify a person of suspicion, send an indictment to the court and make a final court decision on the guilt (innocence) of a person in committing a particular criminal offence. Achievement of this objective undoubtedly necessitates a specific legal procedure for seizure of electronic evidence in criminal proceedings, which is not yet clearly defined in terms of its collection, leading to numerous cases of courts declaring such evidence inadmissible.
In the course of the scientific research, the author of the article analyses the views of scholars on the interpretation of the concept of electronic evidence; provides the legislative interpretation of this term (unlike the CPC of Ukraine, other procedural codes enshrine the concept of electronic evidence); studies the case law on the issue of electronic evidence being admissible/inadmissible; and identifies the main features of electronic evidence, etc.
Given the fact that the Russian Federation commits war crimes on the territory of Ukraine on a daily basis, the author states the need to collect and record evidence of such crimes from open sources, which will further ensure the prosecution of the perpetrators.
In the course of studying the specific features of obtaining and using electronic evidence in criminal proceedings, the author applied general scientific and special scientific methods, in particular, dialectical, formal and logical, and comparative legal methods. The interrelated use of these methods allowed for a comprehensive study, where each of these methods was used at a certain stage of the examination of the specific features of obtaining and using electronic evidence in criminal proceedings.
Optical method to preserve residual hearing in patients receiving a cochlear implant
Authors: Cury Joaquin , Rivera Arnaldo , Schneider Rebecca , Tan Ray , Tan Xiaodong , Richter Claus-Peter 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionWorldwide, thousands of patients with severe to profound hearing loss restore their hearing with cochlear implant (CI) devices. Newer developments in electrode design and manufacturing and a better understanding of cochlear mechanics allow for conserving critical structures, often translating into serviceable residual hearing and improving device performance. Monitoring insertion speed and intraluminal pressure helps mitigate some of these challenges. However, the information becomes available after irreparable damage has occurred.MethodsWe developed and tested a high-resolution optical system to navigate the intricate anatomy of the cochlea during electrode insertion. The miniaturized optical system was integrated in conventional cochlear implants electrode arrays and custom-made cochlear probes. Electrode insertion were conducted in eight cadaveric human temporal bones and video recordings were acquired. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) scans were performed to evaluate the position of the modified electrode arrays.ResultsFull insertions of the modified CI electrode were successfully conducted and verified by μCT scans. Video recordings of the cochlear structures visible in scala tympani were acquired, and no scala migration was detected.DiscussionSurgeons can now follow the CI electrode's path during its insertion and reduce cochlear damage through early interventions and steering of the CI electrode. Our device will be compatible with robotic platforms that are already available to insert these electrodes.
Goal change and goal achievement for emerging adults across the pilot FAMS-T1D intervention for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Berg Cynthia A. , Mansfield Jessica H. , Boggess Silas B. , Martin Julia V. , Creer Benjamin , Peck Torri K. , Wiebe Deborah J. , Butner Jonathan E. , Mayberry Lindsay S. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveInterventions for emerging adults (EAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) focus on goal setting, but little is known about how goal achievement relates to intervention outcomes. We examined how goals change, how goal achievement relates to diabetes outcomes, and identified barriers and facilitators to goal achievement.MethodEAs with T1D (N=29, M age=21.6 years, 57% female) were coached monthly to set a behavioral goal across a 3-month feasibility trial. Coaching notes were qualitatively coded regarding type, complexity, and changes in goals. Goal achievement was measured via daily responses to texts. HbA1c, self-efficacy, diabetes distress, and self-care were assessed pre- and post-intervention.ResultsEAs frequently set food goals (79%) in combination with other goals. EAs overwhelmingly changed their goals (90%), with most increasing goal complexity. Goal achievement was high (79% of days) and not affected by goal change or goal complexity. Goal achievement was associated with increases in self-efficacy and self-care across time. Qualitative themes revealed that aspects of self-regulation and social-regulation were important for goal achievement.ConclusionMeeting daily diabetes goals may enhance self-efficacy and self-care for diabetes.Practice ImplicationsAssisting EAs to reduce self-regulation challenges and enhance social support for goals may lead to better diabetes outcomes.
A machine learning approach for protected species bycatch estimation
Authors: Long Christopher A. , Ahrens Robert N. M. , Jones T. Todd , Siders Zachary A. 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionMonitoring bycatch of protected species is a fisheries management priority. In practice, protected species bycatch is difficult to precisely or accurately estimate with commonly used ratio estimators or parametric, linear model-based methods. Machine-learning algorithms have been proposed as means of overcoming some of the analytical hurdles in estimating protected species bycatch.MethodsUsing 17 years of set-specific bycatch data derived from 100% observer coverage of the Hawaii shallow-set longline fishery and 25 aligned environmental predictors, we evaluated a new approach for protected species bycatch estimation using Ensemble Random Forests (ERFs). We tested the ability of ERFs to predict interactions with five protected species with varying levels of bycatch in the fishery and methods for correcting these predictions using Type I and Type II error rates from the training data. We also assessed the amount of training data needed to inform a ERF approach by mimicking the sequential addition of new data in each subsequent fishing year.ResultsWe showed that ERF bycatch estimation was most effective for species with greater than 2% interaction rates and error correction improved bycatch estimates for all species but introduced a tendency to regress estimates towards mean rates in the training data. Training data needs differed among species but those above 2% interaction rates required 7-12 years of bycatch data.DiscussionOur machine learning approach can improve bycatch estimates for rare species but comparisons are needed to other approaches to assess which methods perform best for hyperrare species.
Development of automated neural network prediction for echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Liu Boyang , Bunting Karina V. , Brind David , Thorley Alexander , Karwath Andreas , Lu Wenqi , Zhou Diwei , Wang Xiaoxia , Mobley Alastair R. , Tica Otilia , Gkoutos Georgios V. , Kotecha Dipak , Duan Jinming 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is fundamental to the diagnosis and classification of patients with heart failure (HF).MethodsThis paper aimed to quantify LVEF automatically and accurately with the proposed pipeline method based on deep neural networks and ensemble learning. Within the pipeline, an Atrous Convolutional Neural Network (ACNN) was first trained to segment the left ventricle (LV), before employing the area-length formulation based on the ellipsoid single-plane model to calculate LVEF values. This formulation required inputs of LV area, derived from segmentation using an improved Jeffrey’s method, as well as LV length, derived from a novel ensemble learning model. To further improve the pipeline’s accuracy, an automated peak detection algorithm was used to identify end-diastolic and end-systolic frames, avoiding issues with human error. Subsequently, single-beat LVEF values were averaged across all cardiac cycles to obtain the final LVEF.ResultsThis method was developed and internally validated in an open-source dataset containing 10,030 echocardiograms. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.83 for LVEF prediction compared to expert human analysis (p &lt; 0.001), with a subsequent area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) of 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.97 to 0.99) for categorisation of HF with reduced ejection (HFrEF; LVEF&lt;40%). In an external dataset with 200 echocardiograms, this method achieved an AUC of 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.88 to 0.91) for HFrEF assessment.ConclusionThe automated neural network-based calculation of LVEF is comparable to expert clinicians performing time-consuming, frame-by-frame manual evaluations of cardiac systolic function.
Identification of positively selected genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis from southern Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of China
Authors: Deng Lele , Wang Quan , Liu Haican , Jiang Yi , Xu Miao , Xiang Yu , Yang Ting , Yang Shuliu , Yan Di , Li Machao , Zhao Lili , Zhao Xiuqin , Wan Kanglin , He Guangxue , Mijiti Xiaokaiti , Li Guilian 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB), mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a serious public health problem. Increasing evidence supports that selective evolution is an important force affecting genomic determinants of Mtb phenotypes. It is necessary to further understand the Mtb selective evolution and identify the positively selected genes that probably drive the phenotype of Mtb.MethodsThis study mainly focused on the positive selection of 807 Mtb strains from Southern Xinjiang of China using whole genome sequencing (WGS). PAML software was used for identifying the genes and sites under positive selection in 807 Mtb strains.ResultsLineage 2 (62.70%) strains were the dominant strains in this area, followed by lineage 3 (19.45%) and lineage 4 (17.84%) strains. There were 239 codons in 47 genes under positive selection, and the genes were majorly associated with the functions of transcription, defense mechanisms, and cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis. There were 28 codons (43 mutations) in eight genes (gyrA, rpoB, rpoC, katG, pncA, embB, gid, and cut1) under positive selection in multi-drug resistance (MDR) strains but not in drug-susceptible (DS) strains, in which 27 mutations were drug-resistant loci, 9 mutations were non-drug-resistant loci but were in drug-resistant genes, 2 mutations were compensatory mutations, and 5 mutations were in unknown drug-resistant gene of cut1. There was a codon in Rv0336 under positive selection in L3 strains but not in L2 and L4 strains. The epitopes of T and B cells were both hyper-conserved, particularly in the T-cell epitopes.ConclusionThis study revealed the ongoing selective evolution of Mtb. We found some special genes and sites under positive selection which may contribute to the advantage of MDR and L3 strains. It is necessary to further study these mutations to understand their impact on phenotypes for providing more useful information to develop new TB interventions.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Effective Online Quality Monitoring and Process Control during Pelagic Fishmeal and Oil Processing
Authors: Gudjónsdóttir María , Hilmarsdóttir Gudrún Svana , Ögmundarson Ólafur , Arason Sigurjón 
Published: April 2024

Near-infrared spectroscopy has become a common quality assessment tool for fishmeal products during the last two decades. However, to date it has not been used for active online quality monitoring during fishmeal processing. Our aim was to investigate whether NIR spectroscopy, in combination with multivariate chemometrics, could actively predict the changes in the main chemical quality parameters of pelagic fishmeal and oil during processing, with an emphasis on lipid quality changes. Results indicated that partial least square regression (PLSR) models from the NIR data effectively predicted proximate composition changes during processing (with coefficients of determination of an independent test set at RCV2 = 0.9938, RMSECV = 2.41 for water; RCV2 = 0.9773, RMSECV = 3.94 for lipids; and RCV2 = 0.9356, RMSECV = 5.58 for FFDM) and were successful in distinguishing between fatty acids according to their level of saturation (SFA (RCV2=0.9928, RMSECV=0.24), MUFA (RCV2=0.8291, RMSECV=1.49), PUFA (RCV2=0.8588, RMSECV=2.11)). This technique also allowed the prediction of phospholipids (PL RCV2=0.8617, RMSECV=0.11, and DHA (RCV2=0.8785, RMSECV=0.89) and EPA content RCV2=0.8689, RMSECV=0.62) throughout processing. NIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics is, thus, a powerful quality assessment tool that can be applied for active online quality monitoring and processing control during fishmeal and oil processing.
Trends in clinical workload in UK primary care 2005–2019: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: de Dumast Lyvia , Moore Patrick , Snell Kym IE , Marshall Tom 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundSubstantial increases in UK consulting rates, mean consultation duration, and clinical workload were observed between 2007 and 2014. To the authors’ knowledge, no analysis of more recent trends in clinical workload has been published to date. This study updates and builds on previous research, identifying underlying changes in population morbidity levels affecting demand for primary health care.AimTo describe the changes in clinical workload in UK primary care since 2005.Design and settingRetrospective cohort study using GP primary care electronic health records data from 824 UK general practices.MethodOver 500 million anonymised electronic health records were obtained from IQVIA Medical Research Data to examine consulting rates with GPs and practice nurses together with the duration of these consultations to determine total patient-level workload per person–year.ResultsAge-standardised mean GP direct (face-to-face and telephone) consulting rates fell steadily by 2.0% a year from 2014 to 2019. Between 2005 and 2019 mean GP direct consulting rates fell by 5.8% overall whereas mean workload per person–year increased by 25.8%, owing in part to a 36.9% increase in mean consultation duration. Indirect GP workload almost tripled over the 15 years, contributing to a 48.3% increase in overall clinical workload per person–year. The proportion of the study population with ≥3 serious chronic conditions increased from 9.7% to 16.1%, accounting for over a third of total clinical workload in 2019.ConclusionFindings show sustained increases in consulting rates, consultation duration, and clinical workload until 2014. From 2015, however, rising demand for health care and a larger administrative workload have led to capacity constraints as the system nears saturation.
Weight management with orlistat in type 2 diabetes: an electronic health records study
Authors: Ghosal Shraboni , Heron Neil , Mason Kayleigh J , Bailey James , Jordan Kelvin P 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundOrlistat is recommended as an adjunct to diet and exercise for weight loss in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).AimTo explore associations between patient characteristics and orlistat prescribing, and to determine associations of orlistat with weight loss in T2DM and prediabetes.Design and settingCohort study using anonymised health records from a UK database of general practice.MethodThe UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database was searched to compile a cohort of patients aged ≥18 years, first diagnosed with T2DM or prediabetes in 2016 or 2017. Once the data had been collated, multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine associations with starting orlistat and stopping it early (<12 weeks of prescriptions) and orlistat’s associations with weight loss in those who had not been prescribed second-line antidiabetic medications.ResultsOut of 100 552 patients with incident T2DM or prediabetes, 655 (0.8%) patients with T2DM and 128 (0.7%) patients with prediabetes were prescribed orlistat. Younger people, females, those in areas of deprivation, current smokers, those coprescribed metformin, and those recorded as having hypertension were statistically significantly more likely to be prescribed orlistat; higher baseline glycated haemoglobin levels were associated with early stopping. In comparison with patients not on orlistat, those who continued using it for ≥12 weeks were more likely to lose ≥5% weight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 2.67) but those who stopped orlistat early were less likely to lose ≥5% weight (AOR 0.56, 95% CI = 0.29 to 1.09).ConclusionOrlistat was significantly associated with weight loss in patients with T2DM and prediabetes when taken for at least 12 weeks; however, it was infrequently prescribed and often taken for <12 weeks. Orlistat may be a useful adjunct to lifestyle modifications for patients with T2DM and prediabetes, but barriers to continued use means it may not be effective for everyone in managing weight loss.
Intercontinental translatability of a peer-led GP education model from New Zealand to the UK: a pilot study
Authors: Hudson Ben , Walmsley Matthew , Bidwell Susan , Kennedy Louise 
Published: April 2024

Background
Pegasus Small Group education for GPs is a professional development programme that has been delivered in Canterbury, New Zealand for over 30 years. Peer-developed content is delivered in small groups supporting interactive discussions informed by evidence and locally relevant data.

Aim
An international collaboration between South Tyneside Clinical Commissioning Group in the UK and Pegasus Health in Canterbury, New Zealand aimed to determine whether the Canterbury model of Small Group professional development for GPs was transferrable to the South Tyneside context.

Design & setting
This was a pilot qualitative study testing proof of concept for the Pegasus Small Group GP education model of professional development in another country.

Method
To test the concept, three pilot sessions on persistent pain, screening, and optimising treatment were delivered between November 2021 and March 2022. Four UK GPs were trained as Small Group leaders, and a member of the Pegasus team liaised with various UK GPs in South Tyneside to adapt topics for the local context. The use of videoconferencing (Microsoft Teams and Zoom) to deliver support, training, and the programme itself had been developed and refined during the COVID-19 pandemic, so that it could be run entirely online without losing its core components or interactive nature.

Results
Of the 68 registered GPs, 31, 50, and 61 GPs attended the three sessions, respectively, 90% of whom rated the overall quality as good or excellent. These results and other positive feedback from attendees provided a mandate for a further extension of the programme over the following months.

Conclusion
The pilot proved the potential for health systems to collaborate globally despite geographical distance. A wider evaluation to assess the impact of the education initiative is needed to determine the impact on patient care and to demonstrate the benefits of supporting the small group peer education model.
MEAT PRODUCTIVITY AND MEAT QUALITY OF HERD REPLACEMENTS USING NEW FEED ADDITIVES
Authors: Тагиров Х.Х. , Зубаирова Л.А. , Вагапов И.Ф. , Гайсина Р.А. 
Published: April 2024

В работе представлены результаты оценки мясной продуктивности молодняка голштинизированной чёрно-пёстрой породы при введении в рацион новых кормовых добавок. Объекты исследования – 4 группы бычков по 15 голов в возрасте 6 месяцев. Опытным группам животных в составы основных рационов с 7-месячного возраста вносились белково-витаминно-минеральный концентрат (БВМК) и комбикорм-концентрат (КК-65) как в отдельности, так и в комплексе. При внесении в основные рационы испытуемых добавок наблюдалось улучшение показателей мясной продуктивности сверхремонтного молодняка. Положительный эффект подтверждался увеличением живой массы бычков и выходом мясной продукции. Так, опытные бычки имели предубойную массу от 502,6 до 522,9 кг, масса парной туши после убоя и первичной переработки варьировалась от 268,3 до 282,1 кг. Результаты разделки и обвалки туш и оценка пищевой ценности мяса также показали преимущество опытных групп. Превосходство отмечалось по выходу наиболее ценной мякотной части туши и по массовой доле белка.
The paper presents the results of assessing the meat productivity of young animals of the Holstein black-and-white breed when new feed additives are introduced into the diet. The subjects of the research were 4 groups of bull calves of 15 heads each at the age of 6 months. For experimental groups of animals, protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate (PVMC) and mixed feed concentrate (KK-65) were added to the basic diets from 7 months of age, both individually and in combination. When adding additives to the main diets of the tested animals, an improvement in the meat productivity of herd replacements was observed. The positive effect was confirmed by an increase in the live weight of bull calves and the yield of meat products. Thus, the experimental bull calves had a pre-slaughter weight from 502.6 to 522.9 kg, the hot carcass weight after slaughter and primary processing varied from 268.3 to 282.1 kg. The results of cutting and deboning carcasses and assessing the nutritional value of meat also showed an advantage for the experimental groups. Superiority was noted in the yield of the most valuable meat content of the carcass and in the mass fraction of protein.