bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphatidylcholine Reverses Ethanol‐Induced Increase in Transepithelial Endotoxin Permeability and Abolishes Transepithelial Leukocyte Activation
Authors: Mitzscherling Katja , Volynets Valentina , Parlesak Alexandr 
Published: December 2008

Background:  Chronic alcohol abuse increases both intestinal bacterial overgrowth and intestinal permeability to macromolecules. Intestinal permeability of endotoxin, a component of the outer cell membrane of Gram‐negative bacteria, plays a crucial role in the development of alcohol‐induced liver disease (ALD). As impaired bile flow leads to endotoxemia and the bile component phosphatidylcholine (PC) is therapeutically active in ALD, we tested the hypothesis that conjugated primary bile salts (CPBS) and PC inhibit ethanol‐enhanced transepithelial permeability of endotoxin and the subsequent transepithelial activation of human leukocytes.Methods:  For this purpose, we used a model in which intestinal epithelial cells (Caco‐2) were basolaterally cocultivated with mononuclear leukocytes. Cells were challenged apically with endotoxin from Escherichia coli K12 and were incubated with or without the addition of CPBS (1.5 mM), PC (0.38 mM), pooled human bile (2%) in combination with ethanol (0 to 66 mM).Results:  Ethanol decreased integrity of intestinal epithelial cell monolayer and enhanced transepithelial permeability of endotoxin. Both the transepithelial permeability of endotoxin and the transepithelial stimulation of leukocytes were nearly completely abolished after the apical supplementation of PC with CPBS, but not by CPBS alone. Ethanol up to 66 mM was not able to reverse this effect.Conclusions:  A considerable part of the therapeutic and preventive effect of PC supplementation in ALD might result from a reduction of ethanol‐enhanced permeability of endotoxin through the intestinal barrier.
Oxygen affinity and capacity in methaemoglobinaemia
Authors: Reilly Paul E.B. , Winzor Donald J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA means is sought to eliminate the confusion caused by the seemingly conflicting pieces of information available from biochemistry and physiology textbooks that methaemoglobin does not bind oxygen but that fractional oxygen affinity of blood is higher in patients with methaemoglobinaemia. This seeming paradox is removed by expressing the comparison of oxygen saturation for affected and normal patients in terms of actual oxygen‐carrying capacity rather than percentage saturation of functional haemoglobin subunits — the manner in which the data have traditionally been displayed. © 2000 IUBMB. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A strategy for introducing undergraduate students to protein structure
Authors: Noriega Guillermo O. , Vazquez Elba S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to introduce students with some problems associated with the determination of 3D structure of macromolecules, such as crystallisation and modelling. We propose herein a set of questions as a guide to induce students to analyse critically the different aspects of protein architecture. © 2000 IUBMB. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A simple setup to illustrate metabolic pathway dynamics
Authors: Punekar Narayan S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe sense of dynamic nature of a metabolic pathway, particularly in its steady state, is the most difficult to convey to the student. Such insights into metabolism have come from extensive and cumulative experimental data. These are not easily amenable to laboratory demonstrations. A working model is described here to illustrate metabolic concepts in a laboratory and to complement classroom teaching. © 2000 IUBMB. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Capillary electrophoresis: theory, teaching approach and separation of oligosaccharides using indirect UV detection
Authors: Lagane Bernard , Treilhou Michel , Couderc François 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis, a recent analytical method (the first commercial instrument was sold just 10 years ago), offers an efficient alternative means compared to other current separation techniques. Due to a wide application range, this method is becoming more and more important among analytical laboratories. Thus, introductory lectures on this analytical technique are of particular interest. Moreover, the use of capillary electrophoresis aids in the understanding of the numerous parameters which influence electrophoretic migrations, such as ion mobilities, electrical field, pH, pKa, joule heating and buffering capacity. This article presents the theory of capillary electrophoresis and various steps of an analysis of four carbohydrates using this technique. This presentation of the data is similar to the way the students, to whom this analysis was asked, presented theirs. Representative results obtained by four students out of 100 are shown. © 2000 IUBMB. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of the applicability of two different immunoassays for the detection of wheat gluten in baby foods
Authors: Avila Concepción , Quesada Ana R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractImmunoassays are one of the most powerful of all immunochemical techniques. They are employed in a wide range of methods to detect and quantify antigens or antibodies. The aim of the present work is to illustrate basic issues relating enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), including its potential application to food chemistry. Students carry out two different ELISA protocols for the determination of gliadin concentration and are encouraged to discuss the applicability of each method to the detection of gluten in baby cereals. Biology and Chemistry undergraduate students have performed this experiment in our laboratories during the last academie course. The use of commercially available antibodies conjugated with the reporter enzyme shortens and cheapens the protocols, and helps to their widespread application. © 2000 IUBMB. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
PCR primer design: an inquiry‐based introduction to bioinformatics on the World Wide Web
Authors: Kim Thomas D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA project is described which details the selection of PCR primers for an unknown gene of the Herpes Simplex Virus (Type 1) using tools available on the World Wide Web. Within the context of designing PCR primers, students are introduced to some of the basic tools used in the field of bioinformatics and have the opportunity to further develop the concepts of nucleic acid sequence and structure, based on the analysis of selected nucleotide primers. © 2000 IUBMB. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Studying ion channels in undergraduate laboratories
Authors: Garrill Ashley 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis article describes an undergraduate laboratory that introduces students to ion channels and patch clamp electrophysiology. It is given in conjunction with third year biochemistry lectures on membrane transport proteins and utilises cytoplasmic droplets from Characean algae. These droplets are very easily obtainable (the typical preparation time is around ten minutes). contain abundant channel activity and significantly, readily form the high electrical resistance seals that are required for resolution of single channel events. Most students have been able to observe electrical events that are the result of conformational changes in single protein molecules. When the students are not patch clamping they are set a problem that requires them to devise a model of how several different types of channel might interact to produce a cellular response to osmotic challenge. © 2001 IUBMB. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Protein measurement at practical classes for students of pharmacy: a student‐centered approach1,*
Authors: Jacques‐Silva M.C. , Rocha J.B.T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis manuscript describes a biochemistry experiment for pharmacy students that uses a student‐centered approach. The students are given little or no practical information and asked to compare two protein analysis methods — the Biuret and the Bradford methods. The experiment introduces students to several important concepts including the influence of amino acid composition on protein analysis, the quantitative use of a spectrophotometer, and how to select an analytical method. From the response of students to the generated or proposed questions, it is possible to conclude that only about 50% of the students did participate actively in the process of acquiring knowledge. © 2001 IUBMB. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Multislice Computed Tomographic Findings in Symptomatic Patients After Amplatzer Septal Occluder Device Implantation
Authors: ZAIDI ALI N. , CHEATHAM JOHN P. , RAMAN SUBHA V. , COOK STEPHEN C. 
Published: December 2008

Background: Complications of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) include pericardial effusion, tamponade, and even death. Transthoracic echocardiography in the adult is often limited by poor acoustic windows that lead to incomplete device assessment. Advances in multislice computed tomography (MSCT) provide an alternative modality to assess the anatomy of the Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO) device.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of MSCT in providing anatomic information in patients with persistent or recurrent symptoms after transcatheter closure of ASDs with ASO devices.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of adult patients who underwent ASO device implantation with subsequent MSCT imaging as a result of symptoms from June 2006 to May 2007 was performed. Data analysis included age, gender, size of ASO device, relationship of the device to surrounding structures, symptoms, and the length of time between device implantation and onset of symptoms.
Results: Eleven patients were identified with a mean age of 41 years. Patients presented with symptoms 1 week to 2.4 years after implantation. ASO size ranged from 8 to 36 mm. MSCT provided detailed information in all 11 cases regarding anatomic location of the device with respect to surrounding structures. Nonobstructive coronary plaque disease was identified in one patient. Two patients had pericardial effusions.
Conclusions: Cardiac symptoms after ASO implant deserve thorough investigation. MSCT is feasible in the assessment of such patients and offers a unique assessment of the device to surrounding anatomic structures and should be considered as a useful adjunct to echocardiography in symptomatic patients.
Factors Influencing the Benefit of Adjunctive Devices during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Meta‐Analysis and Meta‐Regression
Authors: AMIN AMIT P. , MAMTANI MANJU R. , KULKARNI HEMANT 
Published: December 2008

Background:
Routine use of adjunctive devices to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the treatment of patients of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is questionable. Also, the clinical characteristics of STEMI patients that can modulate the treatment benefits of adjunctive devices are not fully understood.
Objective:
To synthesize the existing literature to summarize the therapeutic benefit of the adjunctive devices and to identify the patient characteristics which relate to this therapeutic benefit.
Methods:
We conducted (i) meta‐analyses of the randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing the performance of the adjunctive devices with PCI for three reperfusion‐related outcomes: myocardial blush grade (MBG) < 3, failed ST‐segment resolution (STR), and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade < 3; (ii) stepwise meta‐regressions of the effect of trial characteristics on between‐trial heterogeneity; and (iii) analyses to examine whether the reperfusion‐related end‐points explained the between‐trial difference in cardiac death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE).
Results:
Our meta‐analyses represent data from 23 RCT and 5,728 subjects. The overall therapeutic benefit attributable ranged from 32 to 35% for the reperfusion‐related outcomes, and thrombectomy devices were more beneficial than the distal protection devices. Meta‐regression identified gender, receipt of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor, and baseline TIMI flow grade as significant predictors of improved reperfusion across trials. The available clinical trials were individually underpowered and not designed to detect the influence of adjunctive devices on death or MACE.
Conclusions:
Routine use of adjunctive devices cannot be recommended. Thrombus burden, treatment with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and gender may modify the reperfusion benefit of adjunctive devices.
Engagement and retention in specialist services for people with personality disorder
Authors: Crawford M. J. , Price K. , Gordon F. , Josson M. , Taylor B. , Bateman A. , Fonagy P. , Tyrer P. , Moran P. 
Published: December 2008

Objective:  To quantify levels of engagement and retention in specialist services for people with personality disorder (PD).Method:  Demographic and clinical data were collected on referrals to 10 specialist services for people with PD. Follow‐up data on retention and drop‐out from services were collected over the following 30 months.Results:  Seven hundred and thirteen (60.1%) of 1186 people referred to services were taken by them, of whom 164 (23.0%) subsequently dropped out prior to the completion of an episode of care. Men, younger people and those with higher levels of personality disturbance were less likely to complete a package of care.Conclusion:  Specialist community‐based services for adults with PD are able to engage most of those that are referred to them, but further efforts need to be made to find ways to engage younger people and men with PD.
Pathological dissociation and neuropsychological functioning in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Haaland V. Ø. , Landrø N. I. 
Published: December 2008

Objective:  Transient, stress‐related severe dissociative symptoms or paranoid ideation is one of the criteria defining the borderline personality disorder (BPD). Examinations of the neuropsychological correlates of BPD reveal various findings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dissociation and neuropsychological functioning in patients with BPD.Method:  The performance on an extensive neuropsychological battery of patients with BPD with (n = 10) and without (n = 20) pathological dissociation was compared with that of healthy controls (n = 30).Results:  Patients with pathological dissociation were found to have reduced functioning on every neuropsychological domain when compared with healthy controls. Patients without pathological dissociation were found to have reduced executive functioning, but no other differences were found.Conclusion:  Pathological dissociation is a clinical variable that differentiates patients with BPD with regard to cognitive functioning.
Testicular cancer before and after cisplatin: a 30‐year view
Authors: Ansell Wendy , Shamash Jonathan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractExciting changes have been made in the management of testicular germ cell cancers over the past 30 years. Today, more than 80% of men who present with metastatic disease are cured compared with about 15% in the early 1970s. This means that there are a large number of survivors and many of them have willingly provided information that can be used in shaping the management of other malignancies. The paper aims to summarize the current management of testicular germ cell cancers comparing the situation in the pre‐platinum era with that today and to consider current and future developments in the management of this disease.
Prostate cancer with bone metastasis: an overview of pain assessment and management
Authors: Osborne Sue 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe challenges of assessing and assisting men with chronic progressive metastatic bone pain secondary to prostate cancer can be immense. All patients have a right to have their pain assessed and relieved by knowledgeable health professionals, yet many urology outpatient clinic nurses come from a surgical background and have limited skills and knowledge in this area. This article aims to enhance the knowledge of urology nurses, by critically analysing and discussing components of current pain management practice, for men with painful bone metastasis. To this end, the pathophysiology of metastatic bone pain is briefly outlined followed by pain definitions from literature and information pertaining to assessment of bone pain. Barriers to effective pain assessment are identified, along with a brief discussion on the impact of factors like fatigue, anxiety and depression on pain. A review is undertaken of selected pharmacological and non‐pharmacological strategies for the management of bone pain, as reported in published literature. Knowledge of the WHO analgesic ladder for cancer pain and the actions of pain‐relieving medications and their adjuncts will better equip nurses to educate patients regarding their effective use. Insights gained into potentially effective non‐pharmacological strategies for the reduction of the experience of pain should prompt nurses to investigate what modalities are on offer at their place of work and within their local community. Written resources can then be created to share this information with patients if they are not already in existence.
Gynaecomastia: a case study review of the effect of hormone therapy in the management of prostate cancer
Authors: Drudge‐Coates Lawrence , Roberts Jonathan , Thompson Peter 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn the management of prostate cancer, gynaecomastia and breast pain can be a significant problem for men treated with hormonal therapy, affecting not just their physical but also their psychological and sexual well‐being. Prompt recognition, evaluation and management are therefore essential. Urology nurses involved in the assessment, treatment and follow‐up of this patient group across the patient pathway can play a key part in identifying the problem and addressing the issue of gynaecomastia, which may positively affect subsequent patients outcomes. This paper examines the causes, evaluation and current management of gynaecomastia culminating in a case study review.
p63 Protein expression in high risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Hallack Neto A E , Siqueira S A C , Dulley F L , Ruiz M A , Chamone D A F , Pereira J 
Published: December 2008

Background:p63 gene is a p53 homologue that encodes proteins with transactivation, DNA-binding and tetramerisation domains. The isoforms TAp63 and TAp73 transactivate p53 target genes and induce apoptosis, whereas the isoforms ΔNp63 and ΔNp73 lack transactivation and might have dominant-negative effects in p53 family members. p63 is expressed in germinal centre lymphocytes and can be related to the development of the lymphoma, but the prognostic significance of its expression in the survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear.Aims:To determine whether quantitative immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of p63 protein expression correlates with CD10 antigen, Bcl-6 antigen and IRF4 antigen expression and to determine whether p63 is a surrogate predictor of overall survival in high–intermediate and high risk DLBCL populations.Methods:CD10, Bcl-6 and IRF4 expression were retrospectively evaluated by IHC in 73 samples of high–intermediate and high risk DLBCL and were used to divide the lymphomas into subgroups of germinal centre B-cell-like (GCB) and activate B-cell-like (ABC) DLBCL. Similarly, p63 expression was evaluated by IHC and the results were compared with subgroups of DLBCL origin and with the survival rates for these patients.Results:p63 was expressed in more than 50% of malignant cells in 11 patients and did not show correlation with subgroups of GCB-like DLBCL or ABC-like DLBCL, but p63(+) patients had better disease-free survival (DFS) than those who were negative (p = 0.01).Conclusions:p63(+) high–intermediate and high risk DLBCL patients have a better DFS than negative cases.
Just health responsibility
Authors: Schmidt H 
Published: December 2008

Although the responsibility for health debate has intensified in several ways between Norman Daniels’ 1985Just healthcareandJust health: meeting health needs fairlyof 2008, comparatively little space is dedicated to the issue inJust health, and Daniels notes repeatedly that his account “says nothing about personal responsibility for health”.Daniels considers health responsibility mainly in a particular luck-egalitarian version which he rejects because of its potentially unfeasible, penalising and inhumane character. But I show that he nonetheless acknowledges and endorses explicitly other dimensions of health responsibility.I develop a wider, more nuanced and less punitive concept of health responsibility, which expands Daniels’ brief consideration and is compatible with the overall approach set out inJust health. In its application to preventative medicine and health promotion in particular, the concept is suited to support and complement the notion that “health is special”, which is central inJust health.The concept ofhealth responsibility as co-responsibilityspecifies the subjects and objects of health responsibilities. It permits the attribution of responsibility without blame and disconnects the question of assigning responsibility from decisions about entitlement to treatment or different status in prioritisation decisions. This approach secures conceptual plausibility and clarity of the concept of health responsibility, is of use in policy making, and can help reduce political tensions.
Can a moral reasoning exercise improve response quality to surveys of healthcare priorities?
Authors: Johri M , Damschroder L J , Zikmund-Fisher B J , Kim S Y H , Ubel P A 
Published: December 2008

Objective:To determine whether a moral reasoning exercise can improve response quality to surveys of healthcare prioritiesMethods:A randomised internet survey focussing on patient age in healthcare allocation was repeated twice. From 2574 internet panel members from the USA and Canada, 2020 (79%) completed the baseline survey and 1247 (62%) completed the follow-up. We elicited respondent preferences for age via five allocation scenarios. In each scenario, a hypothetical health planner made a decision to fund one of two programmes identical except for average patient age (35 vs 65 years). Half of the respondents (intervention group) were randomly assigned to receive an additional moral reasoning exercise. Responses were elicited again 7 weeks later. Numerical scores ranging from –5 (strongest preference for younger patients) to +5 (strongest preference for older patients); 0 indicates no age preference. Response quality was assessed by propensity to choose extreme or neutral values, internal consistency, temporal stability and appeal to prejudicial factors.Results:With the exception of a scenario offering palliative care, respondents preferred offering scarce resources to younger patients in all clinical contexts. This preference for younger patients was weaker in the intervention group. Indicators of response quality favoured the intervention group.Conclusions:Although people generally prefer allocating scarce resources to young patients over older ones, these preferences are significantly reduced when participants are encouraged to reflect carefully on a wide range of moral principles. A moral reasoning exercise is a promising strategy to improve response quality to surveys of healthcare priorities.