bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Active Constriction and Passive Recoil of the Veins at Various Distending Pressures
Authors: ÖBerg Bengt 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe vasoconstrictor fibre influence on veins, exposed to varying distending pressures, was analysed with respect to the relative contribution of active venoconstruction and passive venous recoil, respectively, to total venous blood mobilization. The results indicate that active venoconstriction can produce only a minor reduction of venous capacity when venous transmural pressure is low but a considerable diminution of the capacity at higher venous pressures, provided the pressure is not so high as to “overstretch” the muscle elements. — The passive emptying of blood at vasoconstrictor fibre stimulation is very pronounced in the low pressure range, but becomes small at higher pressures, in accordance with the pressure‐volume characteristics of the veins, demonstrating an apparently very high distensibility at low pressures. This high “distensibility” is mainly due to changes of vessel geometry, associated with the collapse, and does not reflect true wall distensibility. … Consequently, when venous pressure is low, venous function is primarily governed by passive factors, while active shortening of venous smooth muscles will play a dominant role first when the vessels are kept well distended. — The implications of these findings for venous control is discussed, with special respect to man, where venous pressure varies greatly with body position. Some methods earlier used for assessing venous tone changes are critically analysed.
The Efects of Compound 48/80 and Distilled Water on the Adenosine Triphosphate Content of Isolate Rat Mast Cells
Authors: Diamant Bertil 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe ATP content of isolated pritoneal mast cells from 15 rats averaged 1.7 ± 0.1 mmoles/kg dry weight. When degranulation of the cells and histamine release was induced by compound 48/80 no significant decrease in the ATP content could be demonstratred. When buffered distilled water was used instead as degranulating and histamine releasing agent the ATP content of the cells decreased by 65—75 per cent with an apparent t1/2 of about 20 sec. The result are descussed in relation to the postulated energy‐dependent reaction involved in the degranulation by compound 48/80.
Influence of Vasoconstrictor Nerve Activity on the Cholinergic Vasodilator Response in Skeletal Muscle in the Dog
Authors: Bolme Per , Ngai S. H. , Rosell Sune 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe cholinergic sympathetic vasodilator nerves were activated by topical stimulation in the hypothalamus and the mesencephalon during graded levels of vasoconstrictor nerve activity. Chloralose anestletized as well as conscious dogs were used. In the anesthetized dogs the isolated gracilis muscle was perfused with blood at a constant flow rate. The perfusion pressure was recorded. In unanesthetized dogs blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flow‐meter probe placed around the external iliac artery. Increase in vasoconstrictor nerve activity was produced either by clamping one or both common carotid arteries or by central topical stimulation through electrodes in the vasoconstrictor areas in the hypothalamus. Activation of cholinergic vasodilator nerves produced a vasodilator response in the skeletal muscles. An increase in vasoconstrictor tone inhibited the effect of threshold vasodilator nerve stimulation. However, when the vasodilator nerves were stimulated with suprathreshold intensity the vasodilator response could be produced even at an elevated vasoconstrictor tone. On the other hand a very pronounced vasoconstrictor tone, only possible to produce in the anesthetized dogs, reduced the vasodilator response in some experiments. The experimental findings indicate a peripheral antagonism between the two types of vasomotor nerves, however, at least in dogs this is presumably of minor physiological importance. A strong activation of cholinergic vasodilator nerves may increase the muscle blood flow even if the arterioles are under increased vasoconstrictor nerve activity.
Reduction of Antral and Duodenal Gastrin Activity by electrical Vagal Stimulation1
Authors: Fyrö Bengt 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effect of electrical vegal stimulation on the antral and duodenal gastrin activity was determined in anesthetized cats. Vagal stimulation for 1 hr at 5, 10 and 20 imp/sec reduced the antral gastrin activity to about 75, 50 and 35 per cent, respectively. Corresponding figures for figures for 2 hrs stimulation was 45, 30 and 25 percent of the activity in unstimulated cats, thus showing a further reduction. Stimulation for 4 hrs did not produce any further reduction. Vagal stimulation for 2 hrs with all 3 frequencies reduced the gastrin activity in the mucosa of the proximal duodenum to unmeasurable levels.
Histamine Release from Rat Mast Cell Granules Induced by Bee Venom Fractions
Authors: Fredholm Bo , Hægermark ÖSten 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMast cell granules, obtained from sonically disintegrated rat peritioneal cells and suspended in sucrose, 0.34 M, were found to release histamine in the presence of bee venom. Three venom fractions were obtained by gel filtration; two of these had strong histamine releasing capacity, namely “F I” containing phosphatidase A, and “F III” with direct hemolytic properties. The third fraction, “F II”, which releases histamine from intact mast cells, had little effect on granules. Various possibilities for the release mechanism, namely phosphatidase activity, surface activity, and cation exchange, are discussed.
Effect of Acid in Proximal and Distal Duodenal Pouches on Gastric Secretory Responses to Gastrin and Histamine1
Authors: Andersson Sven , Nilsson Göran/sc> , Uvnäs Börje 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn Pavlov and Heidenhain pouch dogs intestinal pouches of the duodenal bulb and distal duodenum were isolated. Perfusion of the bulbar pouch with decinormal hydrochloric acid produced a pronounced inhibition of the secretory response to gastrin in both the Pavlov and the Heidenhain pouch group. Perfusion of the distal duodenal segment with acid did not significantly inhibit the secretary response to gastrin. Instead an increase of the acid output was often seen following acid perfusion of the distal segment. Secretory responses to histamine were not significantly inhibited following bulbar acidification. The results indicate that the pH‐sensitive inhibitory mechanism of the duodenom is mainly located in the duodenal bulb. The mechanism seems to be particularly effective in suppressing the gastric acid response to gastrin.
An Instrument for Simultaneous Determination of Sodium and Potassium in Microsamples of Biological Material
Authors: Carlsson B. , Giacobini E. , Hovmark S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn integrating microflamephotometer for simultaneous analysis of Na and K is described. The instrument has a sensitivity of 1 × 10‐3 moles of Na and K and is particularly suitable for determination of these ions in nanoliter samples of biological fluids or individuals cells.
Adrenergic Reinnervation of Anterior Chamber Transplants
Authors: Malmfors Torbjörn , Olson Lars 
Published: December 2008

Reappearance of noradrenaline (NA) in the denervated sheep heart as a result of ingrowth of regenerating adrenergic nerves was first shown by Goodall (1951).Growth of the sympathetic adrenergic neurons has also been studied with the Falck—Hillarp fluorescence technique for histochemical visualization of monoamines under various experimental conditions. Thus, ingrowth of noradrenaline nerve terminals into pineal gland transplants was observed by Owman (1964).Little attention, however, has been given to the organization of newly formed sympathetic innervation apparatuses of transplanted tissues and organs. An investigation is therefore now being carried out to elucidate the development and appearance of such nerves in different grafted tissues.Small pieces of various organs were aseptically transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye of adult Sprague‐Dawley rats. Autologous, homologous and heterologous grafts (from N.M.R.I.‐mice) were used. Host eyes and grafts were observed daily in vivo with a dissecting microscope and the animals sacrificed after different time intervals. Transplants and irides of the host eyes were then prepared for fluorescence microscopy as described earlier (Norberg and Hamberger 1964, Malmfors 1965, see also Corrodi and Jonsson 1967).
Lung Damage and Lethality by Underwater Detonations
Authors: Andersen P. , Løken S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAndersen, P. and S. Løken. Lung damage and lethality by underwater detonations. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 6–14.Adult anesthetized rats were immersed to the larynx and subjected to underwater blast from two charges of 1 g tetryl each, both set off at a distance of 0.8 m from the target. The ratio: weight of the damaged lung/weight of the normal lung, expressing the degree of the lung hemorrhage, and the lethality (one hour survival) were both larger when the two charges were separated by a time interval of 8–25 μsec as compared to simultaneous detonation. The results indicate that the time integral of the pressure is more important for underwater blast damage than is the peak pressure attained.
A Comparison of the Subcellular Sites of Action of Reserpine and Benzquinamide
Authors: Lundborg Per , Stitzel Robert E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractP. Lundborgand Stitzel, R. E.A comparison of the subcellular sites of action of reserpine and benzquinamide. Acta physiol. scand. 1968.72. 53–61.Both reserpinc and benzquinamide were capable of impairing thein uitrouptake of C14‐adrenaline by bovine and rabbit adreno‐medullary granules. however, they differed markedly in their relative potency. Thein vivostudies using mice and thein vivo‐in vitrostudies employing rabbits indicated that the time course of granular blockade after reserpine and benzquinamide injections also differed. Benzquinamide was shorter‐acting and less potent than was reserpine. Subcellular distribution studies indicated that while both drugs could impair thein vivouptake of3H‐α‐methyl noradrenaline, only reserpine administration resulted in both an increase in the amount of3H‐α‐methyl noradrenaline found in the supernatant fraction and an increase in the amount of3H‐α‐methyl normetanephrine recovered from the whole heart. It is concluded that while reserpine and benzquinamide have many qualitatively similar effects on amine uptake and depletion, differences in their actions on the subcellular level can be uncovered.
Antigravity Effects of Leg Exercise
Authors: ROSENHAMER G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRosenhamer, G. Antigravity effects of leg exercise. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 72–80,To investigate the effects of leg exercise on the overall tolerance to exaggerated gravitational stress, 8 subjects were exposed for 13 min to a threefold increase of the force of gravity in centrifuge experiments (+ 3 Gz) while in the sitting position, both during motionless resting and when exercising at 600 kpm/min on a bicycle ergometer. In all subjects, continuous leg exercise prevented the occurrence of circulatory collapse. which otherwise became imminent in 5 subjects after 5 to 12 min in the resting condition as evidenced by blackout or rapid increase in heart rate. Subjectively, exercise was experienced as less stressful than the resting condition. The improved circulatory stability with exercise was also reflected by uniformity of individual heart rate responses, the group mean value increasing from 152 to 160 beats/min during the 6th to 12th min.
Glucose Tolerance in the Period Preceding the Appearance of the Manifest Obese‐Hyperglycemic Syndrome in Mice
Authors: Danieisson ÅKe , Hellman Bo , Täljedal Inge‐Bert 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDanielsson, Å., B. Hellman and I.‐B. Täljedal, Glucose tolerance in the period preceding the appearance of the manifest obese‐hyperglycemic syndrome in mice. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 81–44.After intraperitoneal glucose injections in suckling mice there was a higher frequency of glucosuria in those animals which later developed the obese‐hyperglycemic syndrome. The experimental design had a particular advantage in screening for the early identification of mice which are homozygous for the obese‐hyperglycemic gene. The observations also suggested that impairment of glucose metabolism represents a primary lesion in the obese‐hyperglycemic syndrome. The hypothesis that the accumulation of fat later in life only reflects an adaptation of the adipose tissue to the high circulating levels of insulin in the obese‐hyperglycemic mice deserves further attention.
Effects of Thrombin Infusions upon 131I‐labelled Fibrinogen in Dogs
Authors: Nordström Sam , Zetterqvist Eric 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNordström, S. and E. Zetterqvist. Effects of thombin infusions upon 131I‐labellad fibrinogen in dogs. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 85–99.The elimination of 131I‐labelled fibrinogen was followed in 5 groups of dogs: 1. after thrombin infusion, 2. after thrombin infusion in heparinized dogs, 3. after simultaneous infusions of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) and thrombin, 4. after simultaneous infusions of Trasylol and thrombin and 5. controls. Platelet number, fibrinogen concentration and radioactivity in plasma and fibrinogen were determined. Thrombin caused an immediate fall of both plasma and fibrinogen radioactivity. The plasma radioactivity, however, soon started to increase. This secondary increze of plasma radioactivity seemed to be due to fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation products. This indicates that the thrombin‐induced intravascular coagulation gives rise to a secondary fibrinolytic process. In heparinized dogs the coagulation‐promoting effect of thrombin was inhibited. EACA and Trasylol in large doses, given simultaneously with thrombin, had no effect on the coagulation process but prevented the secondary plasma radioactivity increase. The fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation products at different times were calculated. It was also possible to estimate the amount of synthetized fibrinogen at the different times. The highest mortality was obtained in the Trasylol‐thrombin group. A probable explanation is that Trasylol is more effective than EACA in preventing the compensatory clot‐dissolving fibrinolysis.
Changes in Cardiac Output upon Stimulation of the Hypothalamic Defence Area and the Medullary Depressor Area in the Cat
Authors: Folkow B. , Lisander B. , Tuttle R. S. , Wang S. C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFolkow, B., B. Lisander, K. S. Tuttle and S. C:. Wang. Changes in cardiac output upon stimulation of the hypothalamic defenca araa and the medullary depressor area in the. cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 220–233.The hypothalamic defence area and the bulbar depressor area, with related hypothalamic sympatho‐inhibitory structures, were topically stimulated while changes in cardiac output (C. O.). heart rate, stroke volume, central venous pressure and peripheral blood flow were studied in anesthetized‐curarized cats and dogs. Defence area stimulation induced up to two‐fold increases in C. O. and up to threefold increases in calculated work load for the left ventricle. The major part of the C. O. increase was directed to the skeletal muscles, where active cholinergic vasodilatation increased flow up to fivefold. Gastrointestinal and renal blood flows were promptly reduced and since this neurogenic flow reduction slightly prereded muscle vasodilatation, the C. O. increase could be preceded by a very brief phase of C. O. decrease. β‐adrenergic blockade could reduce the threefold increase in left ventricular work load by 50–60 per cent by eliminating the sympathetic drive on the heart. Depressor area stimulations produced an often profound reduction in C. O., sometimes prereded by a brief C. O. increase. Flow resistance fell, especially so in skeletal musrles, where an initial flow increase coincided with the transient C. O. increase; further, blood was pooled within the capacitance section. Blood loss or raised venous transmural pressure greatly potentiated these changes so that imminent cardiovascular collapse could be induced by this central depressor stimulation. The mechanisms involved in the mentioned, diametrically opposite cardiovascular patterns are. discussed.
Nervous Control of Urinary Bladder in Cats: IV. Effects of autonomic blocking agents on responses to peripheral nerve stimulation
Authors: Edvardsen Per 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEdvardsen, P.Nervous control of urinary bladder in cats. IV. Effects of autonomic blocking agents on responses to peripheral nerve. stimulation. Acta physiol. scand. 1968.72. 231–247.The bladder response to electrical stimulation of the parasymipathetic and sympathetic. nerves was recorded in anesthetized cats. Stimulation of the pelvic nerves caused a sustained bladder contraction. This response was not changed significantly by blockade withatropineat 5 cps stimulation, while at 30 cps only an initial contraction was obtained. It was abolished withhexamethomium, whereas it remained unchanged afterguanethidine, propranololanddibenzy‐linc. There was no evidence to suggest the presence of inhibitory fibres. Stimulation of the hypogastric nerves gave rise to an initial contraction followed by relaxation. On continuous stimulation the slope of the pressure volume curve was flattened in proportion to the strength of stimulation. However. during the relation phase of the detrusor muscle, the bladder outlet responded by contraction. The sympathetic response was blocked byguanethidine, butthis, in small doses, augmented the contraction phase.Propranololincreased the contraction phase, and in addition converted the relaxation to contraction. The contraction response could be blocked selectively by administration ofdibenzyline. It is suggested that adrenergic alpha‐receptors are present both at the bladder outlet, and in the detrusor muscle as well. but that in the latter case their presence is masked by the inhibitory beta‐receptors.
Effects of Phospholipase A and Lysolecithin on Some Electrical Properties of the Muscle Membrane
Authors: Albuquerque E X. , Thesleff S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlbuquerque, E. X. and S. Thesleff. Effects of phospholipase A and lysolecithin on some electrical properties of the muscle membrane. Acta physiol. scand. 1968. 72. 248–252.The effects of incubation with phospholipase A and lysolecithin on the resting membrane potential, action potential, input resistance and acetyleholine sensitivity of isolated extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of the rat were compared with those previously obtained with phospholipase C. A common action of the agents studied were that they in sufficient doses depolarized the muscle fibres and reduced the input resistance. In contrast to phospholipase C which irreversibly blocked action potential generation, phospholipase A and lysolecithin had little effect on membrance excitability. The sensitivity of chronically dencrvated muscle fibres to locally applied acetylcholine was unaffected by the two phospholipascs and by Iysolccithin. The difference in action between phospholipasr C and phospholipase A on electrogenic membrane excitability is suggested to be explained by the respective mode of lipolytic action of the two enzymes. Phospholipasc C hydrolyses the diglyceride — phosphate, ester linkage in phosphatides and thereby removes the phosphate head from the molecult while phospliolipase A cleaves one fatty acid ester linking leaving the polar heads of phospholipids intact. Lysolecithin possibly rearranges membrane structures by its high surface activity.
Formation of Bilirubin in the Dog Spleen
Authors: Bäcklund L. , Michaëlsson M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNo reliable informations on the normal plasma bilirubin contents in dog are given in the literature. In the present investigation a physiological sampling procedure and a modern analytic technique was used and data of blood from splenic veins, the abdominal aorta and a central vein were collected. The significance of the findings is discussed. In order to obtain information on the site of formation of bilirubin erythrocyte destruction was induced by injection of nicotinic acid and stored blood. On the basis of the results a bilirubin releasing mechanism in the spleen is concluded.
The Effect of Barbiturate Anesthesia and Hypothermia on the Edema Formation Caused by Subcutaneous Injection of 5‐Hydroxytryptamine in Mice
Authors: Svanes Knut 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLocal edema forniation caused by subcutaneous injection of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) was studied in unanesthetized, anesthetized normothermic and hypothermic mice. The edema was estimated quantitatively by a method involving the assay of extravasated trypan blue. Pento‐barbital was used for anesthesia. The hypothermic mice were kept at a rectal temperature of 21–22 C. In unanesthetized and anesthetized normothermic mice the edema formation increased with increasing doses of 5‐HT. At normal temperature light anesthesia greatly reduced the edema caused by 100 μg/ml 5‐HT, but did not modify the edema caused by 10 or 1 μg/ml 5‐HT. A lowering of the body temperature led to reduced edema formation, and the edema caused by 100 μg/ml 5‐HT was relatively more reduced than that caused by 10 μg/ml 5‐HT. The reduced edema formation under anesthesia and hypothermia might in part he due to increased constriction of the local arteries and arterioles under these conditions.
Changes in the Amount of Adrenergic Transmitter in the Female Genital Tract‐of Rabbit During Pregnancy
Authors: Rosengren E. , Sjöberg N.‐O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThe noradrenaline present in the female reproductive organs – ovary, oviduct, uterus, and vagina – of the rabbit is stored in adrenergic nerves. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that these nerves are related to the vascular bed and the smooth muscle walls; besides the vascular nerves the ovary also contains adrenergic nerves unrelated to the vessels. The adrenergic innervation of the genital organs originates from sympathetic ganglia located near the effector organs, as well as from pre‐ and paravertebral ganglia. During the former half of pregnancy a marked increase in neuronal noradrenaline occurs in the reproductive organs, except in the ovary. In the uterus and the vagina this increase is followed by a dramatic decrease in total noradrenaline during the latter half of pregnancy; by the end of pregnancy the uterus is almost completely devoid of noradrenaline‐containing sympathetic nerves. The findings are discussed in terms of an humoral influence on the adrenergic neurons supplying the female reprocluctive tract.