bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexation Behavior of a Supramolecular Organic Fluorophore Prepared by Solid‐State Co‐Grinding Crystallization Using 2‐Anthracenecarboxylic Acid and (R)‐1‐(2‐Naphthyl)ethylamine and Its Optical Properties (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 9/2009)
Authors: Imai Yoshitane , Murata Katuzo , Kawaguchi Kakuhiro , Harada Takunori , Nakano Yoko , Sato Tomohiro , Fujiki Michiya , Kuroda Reiko , Matsubara Yoshio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows the formation of novel functional supramolecular crystals by simple mixing/co‐grinding of two component crystals. Co‐grinding of crystals of 2‐anthracenecarboxylic acid and (R)‐1‐(2‐naphthyl)ethylamine produces a crystalline supramolecular organic fluorophore having a 21‐helical columnar structure in the solid state, as observed by the change in powder X‐ray diffraction patterns. Details are discussed in the article by Y. Imai, Y. Matsubara et al. on p. 1335 ff.
On the evaluation of seismic response of structures by nonlinear static methods
Authors: Bosco Melina , Ghersi Aurelio , Marino Edoardo M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the most recent seismic codes, the assessment of the seismic response of structures may be carried out by comparing the displacement capacity, provided by nonlinear static analysis, with the displacement demand. In many cases the code approach is based on the N2 method proposed by Fajfar, which evaluates the displacement demand by defining, as an intermediate step, a single degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system equivalent to the examined structure. Other codes suggest simpler approaches, which do not require equivalent SDOF systems, but they give slightly different estimation of the seismic displacement demand. The paper points out the differences between the methods and suggests an operative approach that provides the same accuracy as the N2 method without requiring the evaluation of an equivalent SDOF system. A wide parametric investigation allows an accurate comparison of the different methods and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed operative approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suspended sediment transport in a small Mediterranean agricultural catchment
Authors: Estrany Joan , Garcia Celso , Batalla Ramon J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze suspended sediment transport in a Mediterranean agricultural catchment under traditional soil and water conservation practices. Field measurements were conducted in Can Revull, a small ephemeral catchment (1.03 km2) on the island of Mallorca. This study uses continuous turbidity records to analyse suspended sediment transport regimes, construct and interpret multiple regression models of total suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and of SSC related to stormflow discharge, and assess the sediment loads and yields of three hydrological years (2004–2005 to 2006–2007). An annual average SSC of 17.3 mg l−1, with a maximum of 2270 mg l−1, was recorded in the middle of the winter period when rainfall intensities are high and headwater slopes are ploughed and thus bare. Strong seasonal contrasts of baseflow dynamics associated with different degrees of dilution provide a large scatter in SSC and in the derived rating curves, reflecting that other factors control the supply of suspended sediment. Multiple regression models identify rainfall intensity as the most significant variable in sediment supply. However, under baseflow conditions, physical and biological processes generate sediment in the channel that is subsequently removed during high flow. In contrast, when baseflow is not present, rainfall intensity is the only process that supplies sediment to the channel, mostly from hillslopes. Considering the study period as average in terms of total annual rainfall and intensities, suspended sediment yields were an order of magnitude lower than those obtained in other Mediterranean catchments, a factor that can be related to the historical use of soil conservation practices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overexpression of ZNF342 by juxtaposition with MPO promoter/enhancer in the novel translocation t(17;19)(q23;q13.32) in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia and analysis of ZNF342 expression in leukemia
Authors: Poland Kathryn S. , Shardy Deborah L. , Azim Mohammed , Naeem Rizwan , Krance Robert A. , Dreyer ZoAnne E. , Neeley E. Shannon , Zhang Nianxiang , Qiu Yi Hua , Kornblau Steven M. , Plon Sharon E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report a novel translocation t(17;19)(q22;q13.32) found in 100% of blast cells from a pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and vectorette polymerase chain reaction were used to precisely map the chromosomal breakpoint located on the derivative chromosome 17 at 352 bp 5′ of MPO, encoding myeloperoxidase a highly expressed protein in myeloid cells, and 2,085 bp 5′ of ZNF342 on 19q, encoding a transcription factor expressed in human stem cells and previously implicated in mouse models of leukemia. Analysis of RNA levels from the patient sample revealed significant overexpression of ZNF342, potentially contributing to AML formation. This is the first report of a translocation in myeloid leukemia occurring only in the promoter/enhancer regions of the two genes involved, similar to translocations commonly found in lymphoid malignancies. Analysis of ZNF342 protein levels in a large dataset of leukemia samples by reverse phase protein array showed that higher levels of ZNF342 expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia was associated with poorer outcome (P = 0.033). In the myeloid leukemia samples with the highest ZNF342 expression, there was overrepresentation of FLT3 internal tandem duplication (P = 0.0016) and AML subtype M7 (P = 0.0002). Thus, overexpression of ZNF342 by translocation or other mechanisms contributes to leukemia biology in multiple hematopoietic compartments. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of integrated back‐propagation network and self organizing map for flood forecasting
Authors: Yang Chao‐Chung , Chen Chang‐Shian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMuch of the nonlinearity and uncertainty regarding the flood process is because hydrologic data required for estimation are often tremendously difficult to obtain. This study employed a back‐propagation network (BPN) as the main structure in flood forecasting to learn and to demonstrate the sophisticated nonlinear mapping relationship. However, a deterministic BPN model implies high uncertainty and poor consistency for verification work even when the learning performance is satisfactory for flood forecasting. Therefore, a novel procedure was proposed in this investigation which integrates linear transfer function (LTF) and self‐organizing map (SOM) to efficiently determine the intervals of weights and biases of a flood forecasting neural network to avoid the above problems. A SOM network with classification ability was applied to the solutions and parameters of the BPN model in the learning stage, to classify the network parameter rules and to obtain the winning parameters. The outcomes from the previous stage were then used as the ranges of the parameters in the recall stage. Finally, a case study was carried out in Wu‐Shi basin to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposal. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrologic characteristics of lake‐ and stream‐side riparian wetted margins in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Authors: Northcott Melissa L. , Gooseff Michael N. , Barrett John E. , Zeglin Lydia H. , Takacs‐Vesbach Cristina D. , Humphrey John 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWater is a limiting factor for life in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), Antarctica. The active layer (seasonally thawed soil overlying permafrost) accommodates dynamic hydrological and biological processes for 10–16 weeks per year. Wetted margins (visually wetted areas with high moisture content) adjacent to lakes and streams are potential locations of great importance in the MDV because of the regular presence of liquid water, compared with the rest of the landscape where liquid water is rare. At 11 plots (four adjacent to lakes, seven adjacent to streams), soil particle size distribution, soil electrical conductivity, soil water content and isotopic signature, width of the wetted margin, and active layer thaw depth were characterised to determine how these gradients influence physicochemical properties that determine microbial habitat and biogeochemical cycling. Sediments were generally coarse‐grained in wetted margins adjacent to both lakes and streams. Wetted margins ranged from 1·04 to 11·01 m in average length and were found to be longer at lakeside sites than streamside. Average thaw depths ranged from 0·12 to 0·85 m, and were found to be deepest under lake margins. Lake margins also had much higher soil electrical conductivity, steeper topographic gradients, but more gradual soil moisture gradients than stream margins. Patterns of soil water δ18O and δD distribution indicate capillary action and evaporation from wetted margins; margin pore waters generally demonstrated isotopic enrichment with distance from the shore, indicating evaporation of soil water. Lake margin pore waters were significantly more negative in DXS (DXS = δD‐8δ18O) than streamside pore waters, indicating a longer history of evaporation there. Differences between lake and stream margins can be explained by the more consistent availability of water to lake margins than stream margins. Differences in margin characteristics between lakes and streams have important consequences for the microbial habitat of these margins and their functional role in biogeochemical cycling at these terrestrial–aquatic interfaces. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water productivity of irrigated wheat and maize in the Karkheh River basin of Iran
Authors: Qureshi A. S. , Oweis T. , Karimi P. , Porehemmat J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Karkheh River Basin (KRB) is the third largest and most productive river basin of Iran. The major agricultural issue of the KRB is low water use efficiencies. Farmers' irrigation practices are aimed at maximizing crop production through excessive use of irrigation water resulting in huge water losses. As the opportunities for water resources development in the KRB are very limited, improving the productivity of existing water resources is the most attractive option to produce more food for the increasing population. This paper analyses water productivity of irrigated wheat and maize in the KRB. The results reveal that farmers having access to groundwater tend to apply higher irrigation amounts. Relatively higher crop yields in irrigated areas are also linked to higher nitrogen use, which might create serious problems of groundwater contamination in the future. Due to excessive use of groundwater and fertilizer, production costs have increased, resulting in low gross margins (farm incomes). The study suggests that an increase in charges for surface water use and removal of subsidies on electricity will discourage excessive use of water for agriculture. Furthermore, farmers should be trained to optimize irrigation water and fertilizer application in order to save scarce water resources and reduce production costs and increase farm returns. These steps are of great importance for ensuring sustainability of irrigated agriculture and to alleviate poverty in rural areas of the KRB. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐ylacetic acid derivatives
Authors: Saito Toshinori , Saheki Norio , Hatanaka Minoru , Ishimaru Toshiyasu 
Published: March 2009

Abstract1,3,4‐Thiadiazol‐2‐ylacetic acids 4 were prepared by lithiation of 2‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles 1, followed by treatment with carbon dioxide. Diethyl 1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐ylmalonates 6 were prepared by nucleophilic displacement reaction of the corresponding bromides 5 with diethyl malonate. Introduction of the amino group at the a‐position of 4 or 6 was carried out via oximation or bromination to give the amino ester 9 or 4. Attempts to prepare DL‐α‐amino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐ylacetic acids from 9 or 4 were unsuccessful because the amino acids were decarboxylated too rapidly to be isolated in the free form.
Nuclear magnetic resonance and stereochemistry of vincamone
Authors: Chimirri A. , Grasso S. , Fenech G. , Monforte P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe stereochemistry in solution of vincamone was deduced by proton magnetic resonance using the paramagnetic shifts reagent Eu(fod)3. The lanthanide induced shift computer simulation suggests that, at room temperature, the indole group is nearly planar, the rings C and E assume the envelope conformation with N‐4 and C‐16 as flaps, the ring D is in the chair one and the ethyl side chain prefers a trans position with respect to C‐15.
Indazoles and dihydrophthalizines from N‐phenylhydrazidoyl chlorides
Authors: Baiocchi Leandro , Giannangeli Marilena 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe action of polyphosphoric acid on some N‐phenylhydrazidoyl chlorides has been studied. Indazoles, di‐hydrophthalazines or Hoffmann‐Martius rearranged products were obtained depending on the particular substrate employed.
Pseudo‐nucléosides dérivés des pyrrolo[2, 3‐d]pyrimidines. Synthèse et activité biologique
Authors: Legraverend Michel , Bisagni Emile , Lhoste Jean‐Marc , Anker Daniel , Pacheco Henri 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUne nouvelle série de pseudonucléosides a été obtenue par condensation de différents amino‐pentopyrannoses sur une dichloro‐4, 6 acétonyl‐5 pyrimidine. La cyclisation en pyrrolo[2, 3‐d]pyrimidine conduit ainsi en une seule étape, à de nouveaux analogues de la Tubercidine. Certains d'entre eux présentent une activité contre le virus de la vaccine et le virus sindbis.
The structure of a 1,3‐oxazonine derivative obtained by photochemical addition of 6‐cyanophenanthridine N‐oxide and 2,3‐dimethyl‐2‐butene
Authors: Oberti R. , Albini A. , Fasani E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe crystal structure of 5, 6‐dihydro‐5, 5, 6, 6‐tetramethyl‐8‐cyanodibenzo[df][1, 3]oxazonine, obtained from the photochemical addition of 6‐cyanophenanthridine N‐oxide and 2, 3‐dimethyl‐2‐butene, is described.
Beckmann rearrangement of 3‐aza‐a‐homo‐4α‐androsten‐4,17‐dione oxime and 3‐oxo‐13α‐amino‐13,17‐seco‐4‐androsten‐17‐oic 13,17‐lactam oxime
Authors: Camoutsis Charalabos , Catsoulacos Panayotis 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRearrangements of 3‐aza‐A‐homo‐4α‐androsten‐4, 17‐dione oxime produced a mixture of the normal lactam product and the product of a “second order” cleavage, an unsaturated nitrile. The lactam 3, 17α‐di‐aza‐A, D‐bishomoandrost‐4α‐ene‐4, 17‐dione was also obtained from the rearrangement of the syn‐3‐oxo‐13α‐amino‐13, 17‐seco‐4‐androsten‐17‐oic‐13, 17‐lactam oxime. The resolution of syn‐ and anti‐isomers of VIII was effected by column chromatography and their structure was determined by spectral data.
Fused s‐triazino heterocycles. X. Displacement reactions of 7,9‐dibromo‐2‐tribromomethyl‐5‐trichloromethyl‐1,3,4,6,9b‐pentaazaphenalene and 7,9‐dibromo‐2,5‐bis(tribromomethyl)‐ 1,3,4,6,9b‐pentaazaphenalene
Authors: Shaw John T. , Starkey Kenneth D. , Pelliccione David J. , Barnhart Sharon L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe preparation of 7, 9‐dibromo‐2‐tribromomethyl‐5‐trichloromethyl‐1, 3, 4, 6, 9b‐pentaazaphenalene (1c) and 7, 9‐dibromo‐2, 5‐bis(tribromomethyl)‐1, 3, 4, 6, 9b‐pentaazaphenalene (1d) is described. Reaction of 1c with various nucleophiles converted it to the corresponding 7, 9‐dibromo‐2, 5‐bis‐substituted derivatives, the tri‐halomethyl groups serving as leaving groups. Displacement, first of one tribromomethyl group on 1d by pyrrolidine, and then by various nucleophiles on the remaining tribromomethyl group led to several mixed 2, 5‐disubstituted derivatives.
Mass Spectral fragmentation patterns of heterocycles. V . Electron impact promoted mass spectral fragmentation of indolo[1,7‐ab][1]benzazepine and Some of its Derivatives
Authors: Vishwakarma L. C. , Hallberg A. , Martin A. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe fragmentation patterns of 1,2,6,7‐tetrahydroindolo[1,7‐ab][l]benzazepin‐1‐one (1), 6,7‐dihydroindolo‐[1,7‐ab][l]benzazepine (2) and indolo[1,7‐ab][1]benzazepine (3) on electron impact have been examined. Loss of carbon monoxide to form the base peak at m/e 207 and loss of CHO radical to give m/e 206 consititute the major fragmentation pathways for 1. The moleclar ions (M+) are abundant for each of the compounds; observed as the second most intense peak for 1 (85% relative intensity) and the base peaks for 2 and 3. The spectrum of 2 is characterized by intense M‐1 and M‐2 ions and by the presence of a M‐15 ion (m/e 204) of moderate intensity (11.4%). In all other respects the spectra of 2 and 3 are strikingly similar. The M‐15 ion from 2, assigned the heteroaromatic pyrroloacridinium structure, is also formed in the spectrum of 1. A second heteroaromatic ion at m/e 191, common to the spectra of 1, 2 and 3, is believed to have the pyrrolocarbazol‐ium structure. Metastable ion transitions and exact mass measurements support most of the proposed fragmentation pathways and structural assignments.
Réactions de cyclisation de pentynyl‐2 pyrimidones‐4
Authors: Rougeot Etienne , Moskowitz Henri , Miocque Marcel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLes amidines acétyléniques HC≡C‐CH2)n‐C(=NH)NH2 condensées avec des esters β‐cétoniques, permettent d'accéder à des pyrimidones portant une chaîne acétylénique en 2. Le chauffage de ces composés entraîne deux types de cyclisation. La cyclisation par attaque nucléophile de l'azote amidé sur la triple liaison est très minoritaire. Une cyclo‐addition mettant en jeu la triple liaison et un système azadiénique, formant un inter‐médiaire tricyclique peu stable et dont on isole les produits de rétrocyclisation, constitue la voie principale.
On the syntheses of thiophene analogs of practolol and “reversed” practolol
Authors: Casarrubio J. Luis , Conde Santiago , Corral Carlos , Lissavetzky Jaime 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of the thiophene analogs of the cardio‐selective β‐adrenergic blocking agents Practolol and “reversed” Practolol has been attempted starting from 2‐acetyl‐5‐bromothiophene. Although this synthesis worked for the second compound it was not possible to obtain the first one. From this and other results of this paper it can be deduced that the thiophene analog of Practolol must be an unstable compound.
A 13C‐NMR assignment study of a series of 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1‐methyl‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐2,4‐diones
Authors: Aversa Maria Chiara , Ferlazzo Alida , Giannetto Placido 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe natural abundance 13C‐nmr spectra of a series of 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1‐methyl‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐2,4‐diones have been recorded: two of these compounds, clobazam and triflubazam, are clinically used as psychotherapeutic agents. The assignments of the various resonances have been made by chemical shift arguments, by the analysis of the fine splittings caused by one bond and long range couplings, and also by comparison with model compounds.
Pyridinethiones. VIII. The aldol and wittig condensations of 3‐formyl‐2(1H)‐pyridones, ‐thiones and ‐selones. Preparation of new cyanopyridones
Authors: Michael Maged Aziz , Becher Jan , Winckelmann Ib 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCondensations of 1‐substituted‐3‐formyl‐2(1H)‐pyridones, ‐thiones and ‐selones with methyl ketones such as acetophenone give the corresponding chalcones in high yields. Geometry at the vinyl hydrogens is E. These chalcones can be cyclized with ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of ammonium acetate to form new 3‐cyano‐2(1H)‐pyridones. An effective “one‐pot” preparation is worked out and an intermediate from the cyclization reaction is isolated. Via the Wittig reaction it is possible to prepare condensation products from 1‐substituted‐3‐formyl‐2(1H)‐pyridinethiones and ‐selones with mainly Z geometry at the vinyl hydrogens.
One‐pot synthesis and structure of 10‐heteroarylphenothiazines
Authors: Jovanovic Misa V. , Biehl Edward R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNovel 10‐heteroarylphenothiazine compounds were prepared in high yields by Ullmann coupling of the appropriate iodoheterocycle, prepared in situ, with a series of phenothiazines. The 13C nmr analysis of titled compounds predicts geometries which are in excellent agreement with available x‐ray crystal structure data. The results also indicate significant π‐interaction between the electron‐rich phenothiazine ring and the π‐deficient heterocycles.
Base‐promoted reaction of a hydrazonyl chloride with 1‐phenylsulphonylpropyne
Authors: Bruché Luca , Zecchi Gaetano 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTreatment of methyl 2‐chloro‐2‐phenylhydrazonoacetate (1) with 1‐phenylsulphonylpropyne (3) in the presence of triethylamine gives pyrazole derivatives due to cycloadditions of a nitrile imine intermediate with 3 and with its rearranged product phenylsulphonylallene (4).
The oxidative cyclization of n‐phenyl‐3‐methylthiopropylamines to form N‐phenyl‐s‐methylisothiazolidinium salts
Authors: Swank Darrell W. , Lambeth David O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of N‐phenyl‐3‐methylthiopropylamine hydrochlorides were prepared by reacting a series of anilines with methional and sodium cyanoborohydride. These were cyclized upon oxidation by N‐chloro‐succinimide to the corresponding N‐phenyl‐S‐methylisothiazolidinium derivatives which were isolated as the tetraphenylborate salts. Compounds successfully prepared included the m‐methyl, p‐methyl, m‐methoxy, and p‐methoxyphenyl derivatives.
Study of hydantoin. III . Mass spectrometric behaviour in the electron impact of 2‐imino‐4‐thiazolidinone derivatives
Authors: Kwon Byoung M. , Park Jeen Woo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe mass spectral decomposition modes of a series of 2‐imino‐4‐thiazolidinone derivatives are reported and discussed. The fragmentation patterns and mechanisms postulated have been confirmed by the analysis of the MIKE spectra and using DADI technique and the effects of heteroatoms and substituents on the MIKE spectrum of these compounds are compared with that of 3‐substituted hydantoins.
4‐Azapteridines. 2. spectral, chromatographic, and X‐Ray crystallographic studies concerning the mode of covalent addition to the pyrazino[2,3‐e]‐as‐triazine ring system
Authors: Tzeng Cherng‐Chyi , Rychlewska Urszula , Hodgson Derek J. , Panzica Raymond P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe first examples of the unknown pyrazino[2,3‐e]‐as‐triazine ring system, that is, the 6,7‐dihydroxy‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydropyrazino[2,3‐e]‐as‐triazines, have been prepared by ring closure of selected 5,6‐diamino‐as‐triazines with 40% aqueous glyoxal. These 4‐azapteridines experience a novel exchange process with alcohols at the C(7)‐position. When dissolved in alcohol and stirred at room temperature, the 7‐alkoxy, 6‐hydroxy analogues are formed and isolated. In fact, during ring closure, if alcohols are used as the solvent, only the latter compounds are obtained. Initially, cyclization of the ortho‐diamino‐as‐triazines with glyoxal proceeds in a stereoselective manner giving rise to both the cis and trans adducts. A single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study has determined the predominant and most stable adduct to be the trans (R,R or S,S) isomer. Spectroscopy (nmr) has verified the intermediacy of the cis adduct, but because of the aforementioned exchange process only the trans isomer is isolated. The site of exchange on these σ‐adducts has been rigorously established as C(7). A plausible reaction mechanism by which this exchange process occurs is presented.