bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Reliable Uncertainty Quantification in Residual Stress Measurements with Relaxation Methods: Finding Average Residual Stresses is a Well-Posed Problem
Authors: Beghini M. , Grossi T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
In a previous work, the problem of identifying residual stresses through relaxation methods was demonstrated to be mathematically ill-posed. In practice, it means that the solution process is affected by a bias-variance tradeoff, where some theoretically uncomputable bias has to be introduced in order to obtain a solution with a manageable signal-to-noise ratio.

Objective
As a consequence, an important question arises: how can the solution uncertainty be quantified if a part of it is inaccessible? Additional physical knowledge could—in theory—provide a characterization of bias, but this process is practically impossible with presently available techniques.

Methods
A brief review of biases in established methods is provided, showing that ruling them out would require a piece of knowledge that is never available in practice. Then, the concept of average stresses over a distance is introduced, and it is shown that finding them generates a well-posed problem. A numerical example illustrates the theoretical discussion

Results
Since finding average stresses is a well-posed problem, the bias-variance tradeoff disappears. The uncertainties of the results can be estimated with the usual methods, and exact confidence intervals can be obtained.

Conclusions
On a broader scope, we argue that residual stresses and relaxation methods expose the limits of the concept of point-wise stress values, which instead works almost flawlessly when a natural unstressed state can be assumed, as in classical continuum mechanics (for instance, in the theory of elasticity). As a consequence, we are forced to focus on the effects of stress rather than on its point-wise evaluation.
Lateral pressure on pile foundations in cohesive soils due to horizontal soil movements
Authors: Bauer Jörg , Reul Oliver 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn soft soil layers, piles are frequently loaded laterally by horizontal soil movements. In many cases, the lateral pressure acting on piles due to horizontal soil movements is calculated with empirically or analytically based approaches, respectively. However, most of these design approaches do not consider possible influences on the resulting pile loads. This paper presents the results of model tests and numerical simulations on single piles and pile groups in cohesive soil subjected to lateral loads which were carried out to overcome limitations of available design approaches. Based on extensive small-scale 1 × g-model tests and numerical investigations with the finite element method, influencing factors on the lateral pressure, such as the roughness of the pile–soil interface, the pile size, the pile shape and the pile spacing were identified. A parametric study with the numerical model quantified the most relevant factors influencing the development of lateral pressure on piles due to adjacent surface loads and lead to the development of a simplified analysis approach.
Induction of somatic embryogenesis and ectopic proliferation in Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth cell suspension culture
Authors: Omar Rowida , Kushkevych Ivan , Abd El-Salam Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSomatic embryogenesis is a developmental pathway where somatic cells of plants generate embryogenic cells that subsequently mature into somatic embryos under favorable conditions. This process is one of the most important in vitro techniques for plant propagation, with diverse practical implications. In this study, ectopic proliferation and somatic embryos from Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth cell cultures were induced by employing primary conditioning Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Subsequently, a secondary induction medium supplemented with a combination of 1.0 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine cytokinin (1 to 5 mg L−1) was used to promote embryogenesis. The results revealed the successful formation of pre-embryonic and embryonic stages, including globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledon stages within a 2-wk incubation period under the specified hormonal conditions, leading to subsequent development into the mature vegetative phase after an additional 4 wk. Significant embryo production (16 ± 2.0 torpedo stage embryos per 50 mL culture media) was observed in Murashige and Skoog medium enriched with 1.0 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2.0 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine, surpassing the results observed with other concentrations (p-value < 0.0001). The generated somatic embryos can serve as a potential in vitro tool for the propagation, generation, and organogenesis of T. stans, contributing to its role as both an ornamental and medicinal plant. Moreover, the induction of somatic embryogenesis opens avenues for the potential production of T. stans bioactive secondary metabolites and diverse applications in biotechnology, biotransformation, and biocatalysis, particularly in the conversion of both exogenous and endogenous substrates, such as tecomine—the principal antidiabetic alkaloid in the leaf extract.
The organic geochemistry of crude oil in the Saltpond Basin (Ghana): Organic source input, depositional environment, and thermal maturity
Authors: Amoako Kojo , Zhong Ningning , Osei-Boakye Nancy Pearl , Apesegah Ebenezer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Saltpond Basin, situated within the South Atlantic margin of Ghana, is a significant area for petroleum exploration but has received relatively limited research attention. Previous studies have examined source rock composition, but data on crude oil organic chemistry are lacking, hindering understanding of the basin’s petroleum system and evolution. To address this gap, we analyzed biomarkers and stable carbon-isotope ratios in Saltpond Basin crude oil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry to elucidate organic matter source, depositional environment, and thermal maturity. Findings were compared with oils from the West African segment of the South Atlantic margin, namely the Tano Basin and the Niger Delta Basin, to identify potential correlations and gain insights into regional variations. Molecular and isotopic results unveiled a significant prevalence of organic matter derived from lower marine organisms. Patterns of organic matter deposition and preservation in Saltpond oil samples suggested a suboxic marine transitional environment, contradicting conventional understanding of terrestrial dominance in such settings. Moreover, the potential for degradation processes to obscure differentiation between terrestrial and marine organic matter origins underscores the complex nature of organic matter dynamics in transitional marine environments. Analysis of molecular thermal maturity indices suggested Saltpond oils were expelled from source rocks exhibiting thermal maturity at the early maturity stage. Correlation analysis unveiled genetic disparities among crude oils sourced from the Saltpond Basin and those from the Tano and Niger Delta Basin, primarily due to variations in source input and depositional environment conditions. Saltpond oil exhibits lower terrestrial organic input than Tano Basin’s crude oils, which also have less terrestrial input than Niger Delta Basin crude oils. Additionally, its paleodepositional environment notably differs from oils in the Tano Basin (anoxic transitional marine-lacustrine settings) and the Niger Delta Basin (suboxic–oxic terrigenous deltaic or marine or lacustrine environments). Thermal maturity range of Saltpond oil is comparable to oils in the Tano Basin but lower than oils in the Niger Delta Basin. These findings provide valuable insights into petroleum generation history and unique organic geochemical characteristics within the Saltpond Basin, essential for exploration, production, and environmental management efforts in the region. Furthermore, correlation studies provide evidence that distinct biological, geological, and paleoenvironmental conditions shaped various oil types in the West African segment of the South Atlantic margin.
Innovation ecosystem for smart product: empirical quantification of its key dimensions in SMEs of 21 European countries
Authors: Khatami Fahimeh , De Bernardi Paola , Vilamová Šárka , Cagno Enrico , Ricciardi Francesca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to quantify the innovation ecosystem model for allowing the development of smart products at the country level. In this regard, the research used an empirical approach to scale and validate the six dimensions of an innovation ecosystem model among the small and medium-sized enterprises of 21 European countries. The quantitative methods of panel data analysis and Pearson correlation tests between variables of the innovation ecosystem and smart products were considered to examine six research hypotheses. Three dimensions of the innovation ecosystem model, i.e., configuration, change, and capability, have enough effects to accelerate high levels of smart products in the small and medium-sized enterprises of European countries, supporting the external and internal economic partnerships of institutions and companies, cultural changes in functional status, and knowledge-based capabilities of technological skills in each ecosystem. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis for the classification of the countries showed that some countries, e.g., the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, France, and Norway, could support their powerful smart products for small and medium-sized enterprises at the national level due to their high mean innovation ecosystem values. Overall, the research can describe the managerial implications regarding the knowledge-based capabilities of the technological skills in each ecosystem to be utilized by managers and stakeholders in small and medium-sized enterprises.
EEG Lie Detection Evidence and Potential Australian Jurors
Authors: Wilcoxson Rebecca , Browne Matthew , Brooks Nathan , Duckett Paul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectroencephalogram (EEG) lie detection is a proposed method of determining criminal culpability, though it is currently unknown how this method will impact juror decisions. The present study investigated the persuasiveness of EEG lie detection with potential Australian jurors. Through a vignette-based experiment, participants (N = 421) were required to make juror-based decisions (i.e. guilty, not guilty and unsure) on a 1989 U.S. trial involving the brutal murder of a young woman. Participants read about forensic evidence (blood, shoeprint and fibre analysis) presented at the 1989 trial that led to the suspect’s conviction. Half of the participants also read about an EEG lie detection test conducted 11 years post-conviction that indicated the convicted man was innocent. Chi-square analysis showed the EEG information significantly affected determinations of guilt. Guilty verdicts were made by 41% of participants who did not read the EEG evidence. However, only 27% of participants who read the EEG evidence voted guilty. The implications of implementing EEG lie detection are discussed.
Schulsozialarbeit nach der „neuen Normalität“
Authors: Hettler Ingo S. , Rahn Sebastian 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungNach fast drei Jahren Corona-Pandemie geht der Beitrag der Frage nach, inwieweit Schulsozialarbeiter_innen tätigkeits- und kooperationsbezogene Veränderungen im Vergleich zur Vorpandemie-Zeit beobachten und welche Themen und Bedarfe auf Seiten der jungen Menschen sie nach der Pandemie verstärkt wahrnehmen. Grundlage des Beitrags bildet eine quantitative Befragung von 591 Fachkräften in Baden-Württemberg.
Human Brain Organoid Transplantation: Testing the Foundations of Animal Research Ethics
Authors: Erler Alexandre 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlongside in vitro studies, researchers are increasingly exploring the transplantation of human brain organoids (HBOs) into non-human animals to study brain development, disease, and repair. This paper focuses on ethical issues raised by such transplantation studies. In particular, it investigates the possibility that they might yield enhanced brain function in recipient animals (especially non-human primates), thereby fundamentally altering their moral status. I assess the critique, raised by major voices in the bioethics and science communities, according to which such concerns are premature and misleading. I identify the assumptions underlying this skeptical critique, and mention some objections against them, followed by some possible replies. I proceed to argue that the skeptical position is ultimately implausible, because it presupposes an unreasonably high standard of full moral status. My argument appeals to David DeGrazia’s idea of a “borderline person”, and to the need for consistency with existing animal research regulations. I outline the practical implications of my view for the conduct of studies that might result in the development of full moral status in a transplanted animal. I also discuss some of the ethical implications of animal enhancement (particularly of rodents) below the threshold associated with full moral status. I conclude that far from being premature, further debate on these issues is urgently needed to help clarify the prospects that a neural chimera might attain full moral status in the foreseeable future, and the level of quality of life required to make it acceptable to knowingly create such a being via HBO transplantation.
Establishment and characterization of novel high mucus-producing lung tumoroids derived from a patient with pulmonary solid adenocarcinoma
Authors: Iwai Miki , Yokota Etsuko , Ishida Yuta , Yukawa Takuro , Naomoto Yoshio , Monobe Yasumasa , Haisa Minoru , Takigawa Nagio , Fukazawa Takuya , Yamatsuji Tomoki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmong mucus-producing lung cancers, invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung is a rare and unique subtype of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Notably, mucus production may also be observed in the five subtypes of adenocarcinoma grouped under the higher-level diagnosis of Invasive Non-mucinous Adenocarcinomas (NMA). Overlapping pathologic features in mucus-producing tumors can cause diagnostic confusion with significant clinical consequences. In this study, we established lung tumoroids, PDT-LUAD#99, from a patient with NMA and mucus production. The tumoroids were derived from the malignant pleural effusion of a patient with lung cancer and have been successfully developed for long-term culture (> 11 months). Karyotyping by fluorescence in situ hybridization using an alpha-satellite probe showed that tumoroids harbored aneuploid karyotypes. Subcutaneous inoculation of PDT-LUAD#99 lung tumoroids into immunodeficient mice resulted in tumor formation, suggesting that the tumoroids were derived from cancer. Xenografts from PDT-LUAD#99 lung tumoroids reproduced the solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production that was observed in the patient's metastatic lymph nodes. Immunoblot analysis showed MUC5AC secretion into the culture supernatant of PDT-LUAD#99 lung tumoroids, which in contradistinction was barely detected in the culture supernatants of NCI-A549 and NCI-H2122 pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells known for their mucin-producing abilities. Here, we established a novel high-mucus-producing lung tumoroids from a solid adenocarcinoma. This preclinical model may be useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of mucus-producing lung cancer.
Predicting the efficacy of donepezil intervention in Alzheimer’s disease patients using regional homogeneity in the inferior orbitofrontal cortex
Authors: Dai Min , Guo Zhongwei , Xia Honglian , Zhu Hong , Li Jiapeng , Hou Hongtao , Zhao Guizhi , Liu Xiaozheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Although donepezil is a commonly used drug for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), the mechanisms by which it affects patients’ functional brain activity, and thus modulates clinical symptoms, remain unclear.

Methods
In the present study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) to investigate the effects of donepezil on local brain activity in AD patients. Resting-state functional MRI data were collected from 32 subjects: 16 healthy controls and 16 AD patients. All 16 AD patients underwent 6 months of donepezil treatment and received two MRI scans (pre- and post-intervention). Analysis of covariance and post hoc analyses were used to compare ReHo differences among the healthy controls, pre-intervention AD patients, and post-intervention AD patients. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine relationships between ReHo values in differential brain regions and clinical symptoms.

Results
Compared with healthy controls, post-intervention AD patients had reduced ReHo in the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus, and pre-intervention AD patients had reduced ReHo in the orbital part of the right inferior frontal gyrus. Pattern recognition models revealed that pre-intervention ReHo values in abnormal brain regions of AD patients were 76% accurate for predicting the efficacy of donepezil on cognitive function and 65% accurate for predicting its efficacy on depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
These findings deepen our understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying the clinical efficacy of donepezil in AD patients, and provide a novel way to predict its clinical efficacy in such patients.
Combining Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment for assessing the clinical efficacy of cholinesterase inhibitors in mild Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot study
Authors: Furneri Giovanna , Varrasi Simone , Guerrera Claudia Savia , Platania Giuseppe Alessio , Torre Vittoria , Boccaccio Francesco Maria , Testa Maria Federica , Martelli Federica , Privitera Alessandra , Razza Grazia , Santagati Mario , Di Nuovo Santo , Pirrone Concetta , Castellano Sabrina , Caraci Filippo , Monastero Roberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCurrent drugs for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), such as cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), exert only symptomatic activity. Different psychometric tools are needed to assess cognitive and non-cognitive dimensions during pharmacological treatment. In this pilot study, we monitored 33 mild-AD patients treated with ChEIs. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of 6 months (Group 1 = 17 patients) and 9 months (Group 2 = 16 patients) of ChEIs administration on cognition with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), while depressive symptoms were measured with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). After 6 months (Group 1), a significant decrease in MoCA performance was detected. After 9 months (Group 2), a significant decrease in MMSE, MoCA, and FAB performance was observed. ChEIs did not modify depressive symptoms. Overall, our data suggest MoCA is a potentially useful tool for evaluating the effectiveness of ChEIs.
Understanding poromechanical response of a biogenic coalbed methane reservoir
Authors: Pandey Rohit , Harpalani Satya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiogenic coalbed methane (BCBM) reservoirs aim to produce methane from in situ coal deposits following microbial conversion of coal. Success of BCBM reservoirs requires economic methane production within an acceptable timeframe. The work reported here quantifies the findings of previously published qualitative work, where it was found that bioconversion induces strains in the pore, matrix and bulk scales. Using imaging and dynamic strain monitoring techniques, the bioconversion induced strain is quantified here. To understand the effect of these strains from a reservoir geomechanics perspective, a corresponding poromechanical model is developed. Furthermore, findings of imaging experiments are validated using core-flooding flow experiments. Finally, expected field-scale behavior of the permeability response of a BCBM operation is modeled and analyzed. The results of the study indicated that, for Illinois coals, bioconversion induced strains result in a decrease in fracture porosity, resulting in a detrimental permeability drop in excess of 60% during bioconversion, which festers itself exponentially throughout its producing life. Results indicate that reservoirs with high initial permeability that will support higher Darcian flowrates, would be better suited for coal bioconversion, thereby providing a site-selection criteria for BCBM operations.
Keine Popularisierung ohne Depopularisierung
Authors: Multhammer Michael , Werber Niels 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung1892 erscheint ein heute vergessener Aufsatz zur Popularität von Lesestoffen, der Überlegungen anstellt, die einer genaueren Betrachtung wert sind. Eduard Reyer entwirft eine wegweisende Theorie des Populären, die auf der empirischen Beobachtung der quantitativen Verteilung von Beachtung aufbaut und die Zeitdimension dieser Verteilung reflektiert – mit Blick auf Prozesse der Popularisierung und Depopularisierung. Der vorliegende Aufsatz arbeitet die theoretischen Implikationen Reyers heraus und erschließt einen Schlüsseltext zum Verständnis von Popularität, der zu seiner Zeit ohne Resonanz geblieben ist.
Cytotoxicity of Salvigenin from Asterohyptis stellulata in Combination with Clinical Drugs Against Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Rojas-Castaño Briand André , Hernández-Rojas Adriana C. , Pereda-Miranda Rogelio , Fragoso-Serrano Mabel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFlavonoids, abundant polyphenols in various plant-based sources, exhibit diverse health benefits, particularly in cancer prevention and treatment, attributed to their ability to mitigate oxidative stress. Salvigenin, a naturally occurring trimethoxylated flavone from the aerial parts of Asterohyptis stellulata Epling, Lamiaceae, has gained attention for its potential synergistic effects with conventional anticancer drugs. The present study describes the evaluation of salvigenin, a non-cytotoxic flavone (IC50 > 50 µM), in combination assays with clinical drugs in human colon carcinoma cells (HCT-116), which revealed significant differences as compared to single salvigenin treatments. Remarkably, IC50 values of 1.8 and 1.5 µM for the combination of salvigenin with sublethal concentrations of podophyllotoxin and colchicine (0.008 µM), respectively, were observed, indicating an enhancement in its cytotoxicity effectiveness. These findings emphasize the potential of salvigenin-based combination therapies as a promising strategy for colorectal cancer treatment, offering improved therapeutic results with reduced clinical drug doses and associated side effects.
Graphical Abstract
The Impact of the Size of Bribes on Criminal Sanctions: An Integrated Philosophical and Economic Analysis
Authors: Dahan Katz Leora , Libson Adi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes the question of how the size of bribes should impact criminal sanctions. In contrast to the commonly held view that punishment should increase with the size of the bribe, we argue to the contrary: that the punishment of the bribee should decrease with the size of the bribe. Our conclusion is based both on a philosophical argument and an economic argument. We argue that all else being equal, as an agent’s reservation price for selling public interests decreases, the culpability of the agent willing to receive a bribe increases. In addition, from an economic perspective, the expected social harm of an official acting with a low reservation price for bribes is much greater than one acting with a high reservation price: both the susceptibility of being bribed as well as the potential for social harm is much greater when the reservation price is low.