bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of cats with diarrhea and Tritrichomonas foetus infection
Authors: Foster Derek M. , Gookin Jody L. , Poore Matthew F. , Stebbins Marty E. , Levy Michael G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the long-term outcome of cats infected withTritrichomonas foetusand identify treatment and management strategies influencing resolution of infection or associated diarrhea.Design—Prospective study.Sample Population—26 cats withT foetus-associated diarrhea at least 22 months prior to the study.Procedure—A standardized survey regarding clinical course and management was administered to owners of cats withT foetusinfection and associated diarrhea. Fecal samples were obtained from each cat; the presence ofT foetuswas assessed via microscopic examination of smears, culture in commercial media, and polymerase chain reaction amplification ofT foetusrDNA involving species-specific primers.Results—Survey responses were obtained from owners of all 26 cats. Twenty-three cats had complete resolution of diarrhea a median of 9 months after onset. Analysis of fecal samples obtained from 22 cats revealed persistentT foetusinfection in 12, with a median of 39 months after resolution of diarrhea. History of implementation of a dietary change, treatment with paromomycin, or higher numbers of cats in the household was associated with significantly longer duration of time to resolution of diarrhea.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested chronicT foetus-associated diarrhea in most cats is likely to resolve spontaneously within 2 years of onset. Chronic infection withT foetus(without clinical signs) after resolution of diarrhea appears to be common. Although often temporarily effective in decreasing severity of diarrhea, attempts to treat cats withT foetusinfection may result in prolongation of time to resolution of diarrhea. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:888–892)
Tripropyltin(IV) Complexes with some Selected Bioligands in 50 % V/V Dioxane/Water Mixture
Authors: Al‐Najjar Abdul Aziz , Mohamed Mahmoud M. A. , Shehata Mohamed R. , Shoukry Mohamed M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe interaction of the tri‐n‐propyltin(IV) (TPT) with some selected bioligands having a variety of model functional groups were investigated using potentiometric technique at 25 °C and 0.1 M ionic strength in 50 % v/v dioxane/water mixture. TPT is hydrolyzed to give [(C3H7)3SnOH], [(C3H7)3Sn(OH)2]−, and [((C3H7)3Sn)2OH]+. Amino acids and DNA constituents form 1:1 and 1:2 complexes. Peptides form 1:1 complexes and the corresponding deprotonated amide species. The protonated complexes are formed with amino acids, peptides and some DNA constituents. The hydrolysis constants and the stepwise formation constants of the complexes formed in solution were calculated using the nonlinear least‐square program MINIQUAD‐75. The participation of different ligand functional groups in binding to organotin is discussed. The speciation diagrams of the various complex species were evaluated as a function of pH.
Functional role of the basal ganglia in the planning and execution of actions
Authors: Monchi Oury , Petrides Michael , Strafella Antonio P. , Worsley Keith J. , Doyon Julien 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies of functional brain imaging have shown the involvement of the basal ganglia in executive processes such as planning and set‐shifting. However, the specific contributions of the striatum in those processes remain unknown. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the caudate nucleus is primarily involved in the preparation of a novel action and not in set‐shifting per se.MethodsIn the present event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, a new task was developed that permitted, for the first time, to distinguish between shifts in classification when the rule is implicitly given by the task from shifts that require cognitive comparison and planning.ResultsSignificantly increased activity in the caudate nucleus and the putamen was observed only in conditions in which cognitive planning was required to perform a set‐shift, whereas significant activation was seen in the subthalamic nucleus (another region of the basal ganglia) in all shifting conditions whether or not planning was required.InterpretationWe suggest that the caudate nucleus and the putamen are particularly important, respectively, in the planning and the execution of a self‐generated novel action, whereas the subthalamic nucleus may be required when a new motor program is solicited independently of the choice of strategy. Ann Neurol 2006;59:257–264
Genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of PANK2 mutations in patients with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
Authors: Hartig Monika B. , Hörtnagel Konstanze , Garavaglia Barbara , Zorzi Giovanna , Kmiec Tomasz , Klopstock Thomas , Rostasy Kevin , Svetel Marina , Kostic Vladimir S. , Schuelke Markus , Botz Evelyn , Weindl Adolf , Novakovic Ivana , Nardocci Nardo , Prokisch Holger , Meitinger Thomas 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectiveNeurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a group of disorders characterized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in basal ganglia. Both missense and nonsense mutations have been found in such patients in a gene encoding the mitochondrial pantothenate kinase (PANK2).MethodsWe completed a mutation screen in 72 patients with the diagnosis NBIA based on clinical findings and radiological imaging. The entire coding region of the PANK2 gene (20p12.3) was investigated for point mutations and deletions.ResultsWe uncovered both mutant alleles in 48 patients. Deletions accounted for 4% of mutated alleles. Patients with two loss‐of‐function alleles (n = 11) displayed symptoms always at an early stage of life. In the presence of missense mutations (n = 37), the age of onset correlated with residual activity of the pantothenate kinase. Progression of disease measured by loss of ambulation was variable in both groups. We did not observe a strict correlation between the eye‐of‐the‐tiger sign and PANK2 mutations. In 24 patients, no PANK2 mutation was identified.InterpretationDeletion screening of PANK2 should be part of the diagnostic spectrum. Factors other than enzymatic residual activity are determining the course of disease. There are strong arguments in favor of locus heterogeneity. Ann Neurol 2006;59:248–256
Waterproofing of carbon paper by plasma polymerization
Authors: Taniguchi Akira , Yasuda Kazuaki 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWaterproof treatment by plasma polymerization was applied to the porous material of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Carbon paper used for PEMFCs was waterproofed by the gas plasma of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) prior to binding to the polymer electrolyte membrane, Nafion®. A plasma‐polymerized HFP thin film on the surface of the carbon fiber increased the contact angle of the carbon paper. The inner surface of the carbon paper was also waterproofed as well as its outer surface. It was found from the fuel cell performance test that this waterproofing method of the carbon paper was effective in the high‐current density region where the condensed water product tends to accumulate. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1748–1753, 2006
Fabrication and evaluation of some mechanical and electrical properties of jute‐biomass based hybrid composites
Authors: Mehta N. M. , Parsania P. H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractHybrid composites based on bisphenol‐C‐formaldehyde resin and jute mat with rice, wheat, sugar cane, and jamun husks have been fabricated at 150°C under 30.4 MPa pressure for 2 h. The resin content in composites was 50% of fibers. Tensile strength, flexural strength, electric strength, and volume resistivity of hybrid composites have been evaluated and compared with those of jute‐bisphenol‐C‐formaldehyde composites. It is observed that the tensile strength of composites is found to decrease by 53–72%, which is mainly due to random orientation of sandwiched fibers. Flexural strength has increased by 53–153% except jute–rice husk composite for which it is decreased by 26%. A little change in dielectric breakdown strength (1.89–2.11 kV/mm) is found but volume resistivity of Jute–wheat husk and Jute–jamun husk composites has improved by 437–197% and it is slightly decreased(2.3–25.2%) for the remaining two composites. Thus, hybrid composites possess good mechanical and electrical properties signifying their importance in low strength and light weight engineering applications as well as low cost housing units such as partition and hard boards. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1754–1758, 2006
Effect of millimeter wave irradiation on tumor metastasis
Authors: Logani Mahendra K. , Szabo Imre , Makar Vera , Bhanushali Ashok , Alekseev Stan , Ziskin Marvin C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractOne of the major side effects of chemotherapy in cancer treatment is that it can enhance tumor metastasis due to suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity. The present study was undertaken to examine whether millimeter electromagnetic waves (MMWs) irradiation (42.2 GHz) can inhibit tumor metastasis enhanced by cyclophosphamide (CPA), an anticancer drug. MMWs were produced with a Russian‐made YAV‐1 generator. Peak SAR and incident power density were measured as 730 ± 100 W/kg and 36.5 ± 5 mW/cm2, respectively. Tumor metastasis was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice, an experimental murine model commonly used for metastatic melanoma. The animals were divided into 5 groups, 10 animals per group. The first group was not given any treatment. The second group was irradiated on the nasal area with MMWs for 30 min. The third group served as a sham control for group 2. The fourth group was given CPA (150 mg/kg body weight, ip) before irradiation. The fifth group served as a sham control for group 4. On day 2, all animals were injected, through a tail vein, with B16F10 melanoma cells, a tumor cell line syngeneic to C57BL/6 mice. Tumor colonies in lungs were counted 2 weeks following inoculation. CPA caused a marked enhancement in tumor metastases (fivefold), which was significantly reduced when CPA‐treated animals were irradiated with MMWs. Millimeter waves also increased NK cell activity suppressed by CPA, suggesting that a reduction in tumor metastasis by MMWs is mediated through activation of NK cells. Bioelectromagnetics 27:258–264, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Competition between oxygen and nitrate respirations in continuous culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa performing aerobic denitrification
Authors: Chen Fan , Xia Qing , Ju Lu‐Kwang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractContinuous culture of P. aeruginosa was conducted with nitrate‐containing media under the dilution rates (D) of 0.026, 0.06, and 0.13/h and the dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) of 0–2.2 mg/L. The bacterium performed simultaneous O2 and nitrate respiration in all of the systems studied. For each D, the (apparent) cell yield from glucose (YX/S) was lower at zero DO, but did not change substantially with non‐zero DO. In non‐zero DO systems, YX/S increased with increasing D, and when fit with a model considering cell death, gave the following parameters: maximum cell yield Y = 0.49, maintenance coefficient MS = 0.029 (/h), and cell decay constant kd = 0.014/h. The same model failed to describe the behaviors of zero‐DO systems, where neither glucose nor nitrate was limiting and the limiting factor(s) remained unknown. The cell yield from accepted electron (YX/e) was however relatively constant in all systems, and the energy yield per electron accepted via denitrification was estimated at ∼69% of that via O2 respiration. A closer examination revealed that increasing DO enhanced O2 respiration only at extremely low DO ( <0.05 mg/L), beyond which the increasing DO only slightly increased its weak inhibition on denitrification. While O2 was the preferred electron acceptor, the fraction of electrons accepted via denitrification increased with increasing D. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conducting Poly(aniline) Nanotubes and Nanofibers: Controlled Synthesis and Application in Lithium/Poly(aniline) Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Cheng Fangyi , Tang Wei , Li Chunsheng , Chen Jun , Liu Huakun , Shen Panwen , Dou Shixue 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe primary aim of this work was to synthesize aligned perchloric‐acid‐doped poly(aniline) (HClO4‐doped PANI) nanotubes by a simple alumina template method and to investigate their application in lithium/poly(aniline) rechargeable batteries. Powder X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis were used to characterize the nanostructures obtained. The second aim addressed the preparation of HClO4‐doped PANI microspheres and nanofibers on a large scale through a modified spraying technique, since the template synthesis has limitations in mass production. The present synthesis methods are simple and can be extended to the preparation of a broad range of one‐dimensional conductive polymers. Furthermore, electrochemical measurements showed that the as‐prepared HClO4‐doped PANI nanotubes exhibit better electrode performances than their commercial counterparts because they possess more active sites, higher conductivity, and relative flexibility. This indicates that HClO4‐doped poly(aniline) nanomaterials are promising in the application of lithium/polymer rechargeable batteries.
Insertion, Reduction, and Carbon–Carbon Coupling Induced by Monomeric Aluminum Hydride Compounds Bearing Substituted Pyrrolyl Ligands
Authors: Lin Che‐Yu , Tsai Chia‐Fu , Chen Hsing‐Jen , Hung Chen‐Hsiung , Yu Ru‐Ching , Kuo Pei‐Cheng , Lee Hon Man , Huang Jui‐Hsien 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA monomeric aluminum hydride complex bearing substituted pyrrolyl ligands, AlH[C4H3N(CH2NMe2)‐2]2 (1), was synthesized and structurally characterized. To further confirm the presence of AlH bonds, the compound AlD[C4H3N(CH2NMe2)‐2]2 ([D]1) was synthesized by reacting LiAlD4 with [C4H4N(CH2NMe2)‐2]. Compound 1 and [D]1 react with phenyl isothiocyanate yielding Al[C4H3N(CH2NMe2)‐2]2[η3‐SCHNPh] (2) and Al[C4H3N(CH2NMe2)‐2]2[η3‐SCDNPh] ([D]2) by insertion. The reactions of 1 with 9‐fluorenone and benzophenone generated the unusual aluminum alkoxide complexes 3 and 4, respectively, through intramolecular proton abstraction and C–C coupling. A mechanistic study shows that 9‐fluorenone coordinates to [D]1 and releases one equivalent of HD followed by C–C coupling and hydride transfer to yield the final product. Reduction of benzil with 1 affords aluminum enediolate complex 5 in moderate yield. Mechanistic studies also showed that the benzil was inserted into the aluminum hydride bond of [D]1 through hydroalumination followed by proton transfer to generate the final product [D]5. All new complexes have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography.
Developing epidemic of melanoma in the hispanic population of California
Authors: Cockburn Myles G. , Zadnick John , Deapen Dennis 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDHispanics comprise almost one‐third of the population of California, are the most rapidly increasing racial/ethnic group in the state, and represent almost one‐third of all Hispanics in the U.S. California has among the highest rates of melanoma in the world, yet little is known about trends in melanoma in its Hispanic population.METHODSTrends in invasive and in situ melanoma incidence data and melanoma mortality data, between 1988 and 2001, from the California Cancer Registry were analyzed. Trends in the Hispanic population were compared with those in the non‐Hispanic white population. Time trends in tumors of differing thicknesses and histology were assessed.RESULTSThere was a statistically significant 1.8% per year increase in incidence of invasive melanomas among Hispanic males and a similar but nonstatistically significant increase in invasive melanoma among Hispanic females between 1988 and 2001. Among Hispanic males and females tumors thicker than 1.5 mm at presentation increased at 11.6% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.1, 15.2) and 8.9% per year (95% CI, 4.7, 13.3), respectively.CONCLUSIONRates of invasive melanoma have increased markedly among Hispanics in California since 1988. In contrast to trends in the non‐Hispanic white population, increases in melanoma in Hispanics have been confined to thicker tumors, whose prognosis is poor. We recommend that efforts be undertaken immediately to target both primary and secondary melanoma prevention messages to Hispanic communities. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Constitutive neuregulin‐1/ErbB signaling contributes to human vestibular schwannoma proliferation
Authors: Hansen Marlan R. , Roehm Pamela C. , Chatterjee Papri , Green Steven H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractVestibular schwannomas (VSs) are benign tumors that arise from the Schwann cells (SCs) lining the vestibular nerve. VS cells survive and proliferate far from neurons and axonally derived growth factors. We have previously shown that VSs produce the glial growth factor, neuregulin‐1 (NRG1), and its receptors, ErbB2 and ErbB3. In the present work, we explore the contribution of constitutive NRG1:ErbB signaling to human VS cell proliferation. We confirm that human VSs, which express markers of immature and denervated SCs, also express endogenous NRG1 and activated ErbB2. We find that a blocking anti‐NRG1 antibody and trastuzumab (Herceptin®, HCN), a humanized anti‐ErbB2 inhibitory monoclonal antibody, effectively inhibit NRG1 induced SC proliferation. Treatment of primary VS cultures with anti‐NRG1 or HCN reduces cell proliferation in the absence of exogenous NRG1. Furthermore, conditioned medium from VS cell cultures contains NRG1 and stimulates SC proliferation in SC cultures, an effect that is inhibited by anti‐NRG1 and HCN. These data suggest an autocrine pathway of VS growth stimulation involving NRG and ErbB receptors. Inhibition of constitutive NRG:ErbB signaling reduces VS cell proliferation in vitro and may have therapeutic potential for patients with VSs. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reclassification of oligoastrocytomas by loss of heterozygosity studies
Authors: Eoli Marica , Bissola Lorena , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , Pollo Bianca , Maccagnano Carmelo , De Simone Tiziana , Valletta Lorella , Silvani Antonio , Bianchessi D , Broggi Giovanni , Boiardi Amerigo , Finocchiaro Gaetano 
Published: January 2006

AbstractOligoastrocytomas (OAs) are WHO grade II or III tumors composed of a mixture of 2 neoplastic cell types morphologically resembling the cells in oligodendrogliomas and diffuse astrocytomas. Investigations on the genetic profile of OAs may yield important information for their classification and help for their clinical management. We have studied, in 94 OAs (46 WHO grade II and 48 WHO grade III), the patterns of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 4 genomic regions: 1p, 19q, 17p and 10q. Results were as follows: LOH 1p was present in 46% of the tumors; LOH 19q in 45%; LOH 17p in 22%; LOH 10q in 16%. LOH 1p and 19q were associated in 32%, other LOH associations were rare (<3%). Patients had a median follow‐up of 30 months. Patients without LOH on 1p had shorter progression free survival than patients with LOH on 1p: 30 vs. 132 months, p < 0.0001. MRI indicated that tumors without LOH on 1p were often temporal (p < 0.02), and showed signal inhomogeneity on T1 and T2 images (p < 0.02) and contrast enhancement (p < 0.04). Thus, LOH on 1p identifies two subgroups of OAs. OAs without LOH on 1p behave like WHO grade II or III diffuse astrocytomas: they have shorter survival, MRI characteristics implying malignancy and genetic alterations associated with tumor progression. OAs with LOH on 1p, on the other hand, behave like WHO grade II or III oligodendrogliomas with 1p loss: they are associated with longer survival and do not have MRI or genetic alterations associated with malignancy. These findings suggest that the definition of OAs or mixed gliomas could be reshaped in agreement with the genetic information. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alanine aminotransferase level as a predictor of hepatitis C virus‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in a community‐based population in Japan
Authors: Suruki Robert , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Kusumoto Kazunori , Uto Hirofumi , Ido Akio , Tsubouchi Hirohito , Stuver Sherri O. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe evaluated the utility of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measurements in predicting the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a cohort of 667 adults with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection from a community‐based population in Japan, between 1994 and 2003. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to describe the relationship between prediagnostic levels of ALT and the rate of HCC, after adjusting for age and gender; hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained. Over an average of 8 years of follow‐up, 52 HCC cases were identified. A significant association between a 20 IU/L difference in higher ALT level and subsequent HCC incidence was observed (HR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.3). An abnormal ALT level (≥35 IU/L) increased the HCC rate by 4‐fold compared to a normal ALT level (HR = 4.1; 95% CI: 2.1, 8.0). Among 551 subjects with at least 4 repeated measurements of ALT, those with persistently abnormal ALT levels (n = 118) had a strong, significantly increased HCC rate compared to those with persistently normal ALT levels (n = 296) (HR = 23.2; 95% CI: 3.0, 178.5). This study demonstrates that elevated ALT levels, measured on an average of 8 years before HCC diagnosis, predict an increased rate of HCV‐associated HCC in a community‐based population and that utilizing serial measurements to identify persistent ALT abnormality may be useful in determining HCC risk. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman spectroscopy on cubic and hexagonal SrMnO3
Authors: Sacchetti A. , Baldini M. , Postorino P. , Martin C. , Maignan A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe report on the first optical characterization of both cubic and hexagonal SrMnO3. Room‐temperature Raman spectra collected by means of a micro‐Raman spectrometer are shown. The spectrum of the cubic compound is characterized by weak and broad bands in agreement with group theory which predicts no Raman‐active phonons for this compound. On the other hand, the spectrum of the hexagonal compound shows six narrow peaks ascribed to one‐phonon processes. A complete polarization analysis of the spectra collected from a single crystallite allows us to completely assign the symmetries of the six observed peaks. Atomic displacements for all phonon peaks are also proposed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excitation Energy Transfer from Semi‐Conducting Polymer Nanoparticles to Surface‐Bound Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Grigalevicius Saulius , Forster Michael , Ellinger Stefan , Landfester Katharina , Scherf Ullrich 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: The first examples of the dye‐coated semi‐conducting polymer nanoparticles as well as experiments to demonstrate the excitation energy transfer from the excited chromophor of the nanoparticle to the fluorescent dye are described. We have demonstrated that the blue fluorescence of the dye‐coated polyfluorene nanoparticles is only slightly quenched after dye deposition. However, a new emission band of the surface‐bound dye (Rhodamine 6G or Rhodamine TM) appears in the wavelength region of 530–600 nm. These results clearly indicate an effective excitation energy transfer from the excited PF chromophores to the fluorescent dye.Emission spectra of PF2/6 nanoparticle dispersion and of Rhodamine 6G‐coated nanoparticle dispersion.magnified imageEmission spectra of PF2/6 nanoparticle dispersion and of Rhodamine 6G‐coated nanoparticle dispersion.