bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of development of a subalpine Abies stand based on the growth processes of individual trees
Authors: Kimura Makoto , Kimura Wakio , Honma Satoru , Hasuno Tomohisa , Sasaki Teruko 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe progress of growth of a subalpine young Abies veitchii and A. mariesii forest during 25 years was analyzed on the basis of measurements of the processes of height growth of about 230 trees in a quadrat where the old canopy had been completely destroyed by a typhoon in 1959. The original forest floor sapling population had consisted of trees shorter than 2 m. Saplings grew faster after the breakage of the canopy than before, A. veitchii growing faster than A. mariesii. During the 25 years of growth, a few well developed trees exceeded 6 m in height, while others remained around only 1 m or less. Some small trees, mostly A. veitchii died at sites of high density. A bimodality in the distribution of tree height had developed with a trough at about 2.5 m, differentiating the trees into canopy and suppressed populations. Canopy trees grew with wide variation of rates, while most of the suppressed trees showed little recent growth. No difference was found in recent growth rates between the two canopy Abies species. Differences in height growth rates among individual canopy trees were analyzed on the basis of their horizontal crown overlapping. Competition models evaluating the difference in height between trees with overlapping crowns were shown to be effective. The height growth rate of a canopy tree appeared to be controlled by both the closely grown taller trees and the local density of trees including those shorter than the subject tree.
Interspecific competition and coexistence of the two chrysomelids, Gastrophysa atrocyanea motschulsky and Galerucella vittaticollis baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), under limited food resource conditions
Authors: Suzuki Nobuhiko 
Published: March 2006

AbstractField experiments were conducted in order to investigate the mode of exploitation of food resources and the mechanism of coexistence of mixed larval populations of the two chrysomelids, Gastrophysa atrocyanea and Galerucella vittaticollis, under limited food resource conditions. The larval survival rates seemed high enough to assure coexistence when hatchlings of the two species were released in 1∶1 and 1∶3 ratios on a host plant. However, the survival rate became almost nil for both species when a 3∶1 ratio was employed, suggesting asymmetrical interspecific competition.Wasted food consumption was much higher in G. atrocyanea larvae. The population of G. atrocyanea seemed to be regulated more by intraspecific competition, while on the other hand, the population of G. vittaticollis was considered to be more likely affected by the interspecific competition with G. atrocyanea, depending on the initial ratio and density of the two species.
Responses of dry weight growth under SO2 stress in an SO2‐tolerant plant, Polygonum cuspidatum
Authors: Natori Toshiki , Totsuka Tsumugu 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe effects of exposure to 0.5–0.7 ppm SO2 for about one month on the dry weight growth and net photosynthesis of Polygonum cuspidatum were investigate. Furthermore, the carbon and nitrogen concentrations in each plant organ were measured. The results obtained showed no significant decrease in the total dry weight of SO2‐treated plants in comparison with controls. On the other hand, the leaf area (LA) and/or leaf dry weight of SO2‐treated plants were increased, and the root dry weight (RW) was decreased, in comparison with controls. The leaf carbon assimilation rate (CAR) in SO2‐treated plants was slightly decreased in spite of a clear decrease in net photosynthesis, and the value of (SW+RW)/LA (SW stem dry weight) was decreased in comparison with controls, thus minimizing the reduction in CAR. Furthermore, the ratio of total leaf carbon absorption (leaf area x CAR) to total root nitrogen absorption (root dry weight x nitrogen assimilation rate) in SO2‐treated plants was similar to that in controls. From these results, it can be concluded that an increase in leaf area and/or leaf dry weight and a decrease in root dry weight in P. cuspidatum under SO2 stress may be induced in order to compensate for the decrease in CAR and to maintain the ratio of total leaf carbon absorption to total root nitrogen absorption in the early stage of vegetative growth.
Germination responses to temperature responsible for the seedling emergence seasonality of Primula sieboldii E. Morren in its natural habitat
Authors: Washitani Izumi , Kabaya Hajime 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTemperature requirements for the breaking of seed dormancy and germination in Primula sieboldii E. Morren and the annual surface‐soil temperature regime in one of its natural habitats were investigated in order to clarify the germination responses determining the seedling emergence seasonality of the species. In a grassland nature reserve in an abandoned flood plain of the Arakawa River, natural seedling emergence of the species was shown to be restricted to mid‐ to late‐spring before the closure of seasonal vegetational gaps, when the daily mean soil surface temperature reached about 15°C, accompanied by large daily fluctuations of about 10°C. Mature seeds collected in late June were never able to germinate at any constant temperature in the range of 8–40°C unless they had been previously subjected to moist‐chilling treatment. The proportion of seeds which were released from dormancy increased with increasing duration of the moist‐chilling treatment at 2°C, 70–85% of seeds becoming germinable at 16–28°C after 12 weeks of pretreatment at 2°C. The thermal time required for the germination of the thus‐pretreated seed population was 905–1690 Kh with a base temperature of around 5°C. Fluctuating temperatures between 24°C and 16 or 12°C had a remarkable dormancy‐breaking effect, inducing considerably quick germination in most of the seeds previously subjected to 2°C moist‐chilling for 8 weeks.
Justice in Transition
Authors: Chinapen Rhiana , Vernon Richard 
Published: March 2006

Abstract.This paper questions both realist and restorative conceptions of truth commissions, to the extent that both of those conceptions neglect the internal links between truth commissions and criminal trials. Interpreting the requirements of retribution, responsibility and truth-telling, the paper argues that trials and truth commissions should be placed at points on a spectrum rather than in distinct categories, and that the circumstances of political transition explain the divergences in their respective practices. We may see truth commissions and trials as expressing the same aims of justice, though in contextually differentiated ways that modify both the subordinate principles required by the aims of justice and also their institutional expression.Résumé.Cet article remet en question la conception réaliste et la conception réparatrice des commissions de vérité, dans la mesure où toutes les deux négligent les liens internes entre les commissions de vérité et les procès criminels. Interprétant les exigences de rétribution, de responsabilité et de véracité, l'article avance que les procès et les commissions de vérité devraient être situés en divers points du même spectre plutôt que dans des catégories distinctes et que les circonstances de transition politique expliquent les différences entre leurs pratiques respectives. On peut considérer les commissions de vérité et les procès comme traduisant une même “poursuite de la justice”, bien que les différences de contexte modifient dans chaque cas les principes subalternes qu'impose la recherche de la justice et, de ce fait, changent aussi leur expression institutionnelle.
Défusion municipale et décentralisation à
Montréal : vers une recomposition des relations entre les groupes
ethnoculturels et la municipalité
Authors: Jouve Bernard 
Published: March 2006

Résumé. Ces dernières années, la
métropole montréalaise a connu un ensemble de dynamiques
institutionnelles qui ont remis en question l'équilibre des
relations entre les municipalités constituantes. Les institutions
ont été fortement ébranlées par un double
processus de fusion puis de défusion. Cherchant à
contrecarrer les aspirations des municipalités “
défusionnistes ”, le gouvernement provincial a
promulgué la Loi 33 qui transfère de nombreuses
compétences de la mairie centrale aux arrondissements.
Au-delà des nouvelles dynamiques politiques entre ces deux niveaux
de gouvernement, c'est aussi le processus d'articulation entre
la sphère politique municipale et la société civile
montréalaise qui est en jeu. Cet article examine les impacts de la
Loi 33 sur les relations entre la municipalité et les
communautés ethnoculturelles en attirant l'attention sur une
tendance à l'hyperpluralisation et à
l'ethnicisation des demandes issues de certains groupes immigrants
récemment implantés à Montréal.Abstract. The urban region of Montreal has recently faced
institutional dynamics which have transformed the relations between the
municipalities. Local institutions had to adapt to a double process of
merging and demerging. In order to limit the process of secessionism, the
provincial government voted Bylaw 33 which transferred many resources and
competences to neighbourhoods. Beyond the new division of labour between
the two levels of government, this law is changing the relationships
between the civil society and the political realm. This article aims at
analyzing the impacts of Bylaw 33 on the relationships between the
municipality and immigrant groups by arguing that we are facing a trend to
hyperpluralism due to the strategies of leaders representing immigrant
groups recently settled in Montreal.
“If you build it …” Business, Government and
Ontario's Electronic Toll Highway
Authors: Williams Robert J. 
Published: March 2006

“If you build it …” Business, Government and
Ontario's Electronic Toll Highway, Chandran Mylvaganam and
Sandford Borins, Toronto: University of Toronto Centre for Public
Management, 2004, pp. ix, 164.This monograph analyzes an extraordinary tale of public policy making
in Ontario: the construction and management of an innovative toll highway
now known as the 407/ETR (Express Toll Route).
Training the Excluded for Work: Access and Equity for Women,
Immigrants, First Nations, Youth, and People with Low Income
Authors: Gabriel Christina 
Published: March 2006

Training the Excluded for Work: Access and Equity for Women,
Immigrants, First Nations, Youth, and People with Low Income,
Marjorie Griffin Cohen, ed., Vancouver: University of British Columbia
Press, 2003, pp. 276.Training the Excluded for Work is an important contribution
to debates about the importance and viability of job training policies and
programmes that are directed to those who are “excluded” in
the Canadian labour market. It is also timely insofar as job training, in
contrast to post-secondary education policy, remains somewhat
underexamined in Canada. This is particularly ironic, as job training has
emerged as a key issue for policy makers, industry, workers and activists.
Training is frequently touted as a panacea that will address a host of
economic ills including unemployment, low productivity levels and lagging
investment. On the one hand, many employer and industry groups view
training measures as part of a larger strategy to address the imperatives
of a global economy. Here, neoliberal rationales tend to prevail—job
training becomes an investment in individual human capital. But on the
other hand, job training can also be an important means by which
marginalized groups, including youth, women, indigenous groups and
racialized minorities, address the terms of their exclusion from (or
limited inclusion in) the labour market. In doing so, other rationales
come to the fore, most notably the need to address social inequities in
the labour market. This edited book addresses this latter aspect of the
training policy debate.
La communication politique
Authors: Paquin Magali 
Published: March 2006

La communication politique, Jacques Gerstlé, Paris :
Éditions Dalloz/Armand Colin, 2004, (coll. Compact civis), 297
pages.Le domaine de la communication politique évolue très
rapidement sur le plan de la pratique comme de la recherche. À cet
égard, l'ouvrage de Jacques Gerstlé brosse un tableau
de synthèse exhaustif et actuel des fondements théoriques,
des techniques et des pratiques en communication politique. Il
s'appuie sur des recherches et des exemples récents provenant
surtout de France et des États-Unis, ce qui peut être
pertinent du point de vue comparatif, mais risque de réduire
l'intérêt des chercheurs canadiens pour l'ouvrage.
De nombreux tableaux, figures et statistiques témoignent de la
place accordée à l'analyse empirique et quantitative.
Il s'agit à notre avis d'un livre excellent dont le point
fort réside dans la diversité des connaissances
exposées, la systématicité de la présentation
et l'actualité des exemples. Il sera utile aux politologues
et, plus généralement, aux chercheurs en sciences sociales
ou en communication et journalisme, de même qu'aux praticiens
et aux étudiants désireux de saisir les multiples approches
et phénomènes de la communication politique.
Au sein de la Maison-Blanche. La formulation de la politique
étrangère des Etats-Unis.
Authors: Legros Olivier 
Published: March 2006

Au sein de la Maison-Blanche. La formulation de la politique
étrangère des Etats-Unis., David, Charles-Philippe,
Québec : Presses de l'Université Laval, deuxième
édition, 2004, 737 p.Charles-Philippe David est un chercheur francophone bien connu dans
les milieux académiques de la discipline des relations
internationales. Il a publié un bon nombre d'ouvrages et
d'articles sur la sécurité internationale, les
études stratégiques et diplomatiques et la politique
américaine. Ses travaux de langue française sont
particulièrement importants et bienvenus chez les chercheurs et les
étudiants francophones s'intéressant à une
discipline où la langue de Shakespeare est largement
prédominante. David récidive donc avec la 2e
édition de ce volumineux livre de quelque 700 pages, avec
l'addition d'un chapitre sur la présidence de George W.
Bush et d'une étude de cas sur l'invasion de l'Irak.
L'objectif général de l'auteur est d'analyser
de l'intérieur la formulation de la politique
extérieure des États-Unis, de Truman à Bush, le fils.
L'angle d'analyse de Charles-Philippe David est particulier,
dans le sens où il défie les théories des relations
internationales systémiques, sociétales ou rationnelles
auxquelles les étudiants sont souvent invités à
s'intéresser.
Petites sociétés et minorités nationales.
Enjeux politiques et perspectives comparées.
Authors: Brady Marie-Joie 
Published: March 2006

Petites sociétés et minorités nationales.
Enjeux politiques et perspectives comparées., Jacques L.
Boucher et Joseph Yvon Thériault (dir.), Sainte-Foy : Presses de
l'Université du Québec, 2005, 398 p.La diversité culturelle qui meuble et module les
sociétés du monde s'exprime par plusieurs moyens, tels
la politique de l'identité, la mobilisation de mouvements
sociaux, l'élaboration des politiques publiques qui la
gèrent ou le développement d'un discours des droits
auquel les politiciens et les tribunaux font écho. Elle fait
l'objet d'une attention soutenue dans le contexte des petites
sociétés et des minorités nationales, qui sont
constamment confrontées à leur condition minoritaire ou
précaire de par leur position géopolitique ou de par leur
diversité interne en conséquence de mouvements migratoires,
de conquêtes, de colonisations ou de partitions. La mondialisation
complique encore les choses, en provoquant une transformation des rapports
de pouvoir, un repositionnement territorial de ceux-ci et une
transformation du rôle de l'État et de la
société. Tel est le contexte de la discussion
proposée dans le recueil de Jacques L. Boucher et Joseph Yvon
Thériault, intitulé Petites sociétés et
minorités nationales. Enjeux politiques et perspectives
comparées. Le volume rassemble une série de textes,
eux-mêmes présentés lors d'un congrès tenu
à Ottawa et Gatineau, à l'été 2002, tel
qu'on nous le rappelle dans les détails bibliographiques.
Démontrant une multidisciplinarité utile à la
compréhension des nombreux enjeux propres aux petites
sociétés, le volume propose une discussion de ces enjeux
à partir de la situation du Québec et des communautés
minoritaires ailleurs au Canada, ainsi que de celle de
sociétés d'Europe et d'Asie. La mondialisation
représente la trame de fond principale des débats, car elle
transforme les capacités des petites sociétés, les
forums vers lesquels elles se tournent pour faire entendre leurs
revendications et la nature même de ces revendications. De plus, la
mondialisation entraîne une restructuration de leur
société civile et par conséquent l'apparition de
nouveaux lieux et formes de conflits.
Structuring Conflict in the Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and
Institutions
Authors: Haklai Oded 
Published: March 2006

Structuring Conflict in the Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and
Institutions, Ellen Lust-Okar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2005, pp. 279.For a very long time, the scholarship on Middle Eastern politics has
suffered from scarce use of the analytical tools provided by the field of
comparative politics. The result has too often been descriptive research
in the anthropological style. Such studies lacked the rigour necessary for
providing cumulative knowledge and theoretical insight. In recent years,
however, an increasing number of scholars have been recognizing the value
of complementing their in-depth knowledge of the region with appropriate
social science theories. New theoretically oriented
scholarship—produced by Mark Tessler (Area Study and Social
Science, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999), Carrie Wickham
Rosefsky (Mobilizing Islam, New York: Columbia University Press,
2002), Quintan Wikorowitcz (Islamic Activism, Bloomington:
Indiana University Press, 2004), Eva Bellin (Stalled Democracy,
Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002), Lisa Anderson (Transition to
Democracy, New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), and a few
others—filled such a need that, as a result of their publication,
knowledge of Middle Eastern politics has taken a great leap forward since
the early 2000s.
Contention & Democracy in Europe, 1650–2000
Authors: Cunningham Frank 
Published: March 2006

Contention & Democracy in Europe, 1650–2000,
Charles Tilly, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. xiv,
305.A leading historical sociologist, Charles Tilly brings skills from
both disciplines to this exercise in democratic analysis. The result
provocatively illuminates democracy as it developed in Europe and advances
challenging hypotheses for contemporary democratic theory and practice.
Tilly applies carefully formulated categories and explanatory hypotheses
to his subject in a way atypical of most historians while tempering the
often inflexible approaches of sociological theory with an
historian's sensitivity to nuance and complexity.
Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis
Authors: Bruyneel Kevin 
Published: March 2006

Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis,
Paul Pierson, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004, pp. xii,
196.Political scientists of the world unite against the decontextual
revolution; you have nothing to lose but your n! Okay, there is
no such call to arms in Paul Pierson's important new work, but his
book is a well-crafted shot across the bow of the dominant strains in
political science. As Pierson sees it, too much of political science
scholarship rips politics from its historical and institutional context
for the sake of generating carefully bounded causal arguments that are
often misleading, if not dead wrong, about the sources and effects of
political stability and change. Thus, the aim of Politics in Time
is to critique and offer an alternative approach to the tendency of
analyzing politics by “reducing a moving picture to a
snapshot” (104).
La bioéthique dans la perspective de la philosophie du
droit.
Authors: Beauvais Chantal 
Published: March 2006

La bioéthique dans la perspective de la philosophie du
droit., Francesco D'Agostino, Québec : Les Presses de
l'Université Laval, 2005 (Collection Dikè), 137p.
[Titre original : Bioetica, G. Giappichelli Editore, Torino,
1998].Ce livre de quatorze chapitres présente les questions les plus
préoccupantes soulevées par la bioéthique
contemporaine et débute avec un constat qui ne laisse aucun doute
sur l'horizon philosophique de l'auteur : “
[…] c'est la notion même de
vérité qui s'affaiblit dans un horizon culturel
(postmoderne) dans lequel il est désormais impossible
d'élaborer un discours prenant la vérité comme
référence ” (p. 1). Le lecteur est
immédiatement mis en présence de l'enjeu qui en
découle pour la bioéthique : l'absence de normes
universelles en lesquelles tous reconnaissent l'expression de la
vérité sur l'humain réduirait la
bioéthique à une simple casuistique privée de sens.
La bioéthique tourne à vide car nous serions devenus
indifférents à la vie. Selon l'auteur, le contexte
philosophique et culturel qui marque notre époque (postmoderne) ne
permettrait pas un véritable “ engagement pour la
vérité ”. On ne saurait ici s'engager dans une
réflexion sur le sens de la postmodernité, mais il importe
de noter que ces prémisses sont hautement contestables à
plusieurs points de vue et que l'interprétation des
conséquences métaphysiques, épistémologiques
et sociopolitiques de la postmodernité suscite de nombreuses
controverses. Une chose est certaine : on préfère toujours
prendre des décisions dans un contexte de stabilité
épistémologique et sociopolitique, mais ce contexte est
rarement disponible. De plus, et surtout, un jugement éthique
exclut presque par définition ce contexte de stabilité.
Selon une grande tradition morale qui remonte à
l'époque hellénistique, le jugement éthique est
précisément appelé par des conditions
inédites; il repose sur la créativité et sur une
certaine expérience de la vie.
Les Yes Men. Comment démasquer (en s'amusant un peu)
l'imposture néolibérale !
Authors: Parenteau Ian 
Published: March 2006

Les Yes Men. Comment démasquer (en s'amusant un peu)
l'imposture néolibérale !, Andy Bichlbaum, Mike
Bonanno, Traduction : Marc Saint-Upéry; Paris : La
Découverte, 2005, 191 p.Cet ouvrage ne comporte ni thèse, ni argumentaire. Ce
n'est pas un essai à proprement parler, ni entièrement
une œuvre de fiction. C'est un livre inclassable, drôle
et engagé. Intelligent. Risqué.
International Dispute Settlement in an Evolving Global Society:
Constitutionalization, Accessibility, Privatization
Authors: McGuinness Margaret E. 
Published: March 2006

International Dispute Settlement in an Evolving Global Society:
Constitutionalization, Accessibility, Privatization, Francisco Orrego
Vicuña, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp.xxiii,
156.This compilation of the author's 2001 Hersch Lauterpacht Memorial
Lectures at Cambridge provides a comprehensive overview of the methods and
modes of international dispute settlement. Included in the broad survey
are the central public and private dispute resolution processes at the
United Nations and the International Court of Justice (ICJ), regional
arrangements, national jurisdictions and private party-to-party
arrangements. The book achieves its stated goal of identifying trends and
provoking discussion of ways in which international dispute resolution can
be improved, and in the process has created a useful primer on
transnational dispute settlement for social scientists. The lectures have
been supplemented with footnotes and the book includes a comprehensive
bibliography that includes most of the important recent works in the
international law literature on dispute resolution. The strength of the
volume lies in its discussion of private dispute resolution and its
interplay with public institutions, an area that is often ignored or
played down in political science literature focused on state-to-state
legal arrangements and interstate relations.