bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual transmission of human T‐lymphotropic virus type I in Peruvian prostitutes
Authors: Wignall F. Stephen , Hyams Kenneth C. , Phillips Irving A. , Escamilla Joel , Tejada Abelardo , Li Olga , Lopez Francisco , Chauca Gloria , Sanchez Sara , Roberts Chester R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe epidemiology of HTLV‐I infection in female prostitutes was studied in a survey of 395 prostitutes from Callao, Peru (the port city of Lima), 72 prostitutes from Iquitos, Peru (another port city on the Amazon River), and 510 prenatal clinic patients from Lima. Prostitutes reported a mean of 8.8years (range, 1–39 years) of active prostitution and a mean of 205 sexual contacts during the month prior to the study. The percentage of prostitutes with HTLV‐I antibody (21.8%) was significantly higher than patients attending a prenatal clinic (3.1%; P < .0001). The prevalence of HTLV‐I antibody increased steadily with age in prostitutes, but no age trend was noted i n prenatal patients. By multiple logistic regression analysis, an independent association was found between HTLV‐I seropositivity and a history of prostitution i n Callao, age, and positive syphilis serology when all 977 study subjects were evaluated. When prostitutes alone were analyzed, the number of years of exposure as a practicing prostitute was associated with HTLV‐I seropositivity after controlling for age. These data indicate a greatly increased risk of HTLV‐I infection in prostitutes in Callao, Peru, and suggest an association between sexual activity and HTLV‐I transmission. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New developments in the molecular epidemiology of adenovirus 8 keratoeonjunctivitis
Authors: de Jong Jan C. , Démazure Marc , Legrand‐Quillien Marie‐Christine , Le Lay Geneviève , Colin Joseph , Wermenbol Anton G. , Verweij‐Uÿterwaal Marja W. , van der Avoort Harrie G.A.M. , Chastel Claude 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFour consecutive epidemics of keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus 8 (Ad81 occurred over a 5‐year period in Brest, France. A selection of 30 strains isolated during this period was studied by DNA restriction enzyme analysis using nine restriction enzymes. Bgll and Sac1 were the most discriminative enzymes and allowed the recognition of four DNA variants, all different from the prototype strain Trim. Within each of the epidemics, the strains tested could not be distinguished in this analysis. Between strains from different epidemics differences in DNA structure could be detected however. Thus, the Ad8 epidemics of 1983/1984, 1984, 1987, and 1988 appear to have been due to DNA variants Ad8/D7, D8, D9, and D10, respectively. These results demonstrate that the DNA of Ad8 seems to display a considerable variability, comparable to that observed with Ad7 and Ad21. As has been described for Ad7, Ad21 and Ad41, successive DNA variants of Ad8 prevail during one or more years, and are then replaced by other, newly emerging variants sometimes associated with epidemics. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of Dobrava virus: A hantavirus from Slovenia, Yugoslavia
Authors: Avsic‐Zupanc Tatjana , Xiao Shu‐Yuan , Stojanovic Radivoj , Gligic Ana , van der Groen G. , Leduc James W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSmall mammals were collected in natural foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Slovenia, Yugoslavia, and a hantavirus was isolated from the lungs of an Apodemus flavicol lis captured in Dobrava village. This new isolate, Dobrava virus, was compared with representative strains of the Hantavirus genus by serological and polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) methods. It was found by cross immunofluorescent and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays that antigenic properties of Dobrava virus were different from those of other hantaviruses. The RNA of this virus was successfully amplified with hantavirus genus reactive primer sets by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR); however, PCR‐RFLP analysis of the amplified product was shown to be unique among those of the known hantaviruses, further indicating that Dobrava virus represents a new hantavirus serotype. Published 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid detection of respiratory viruses using mixtures of monoclonal antibodies on shell vial cultures
Authors: Schirm Jurjen , Luijt Dirk S. , Pastoor Geke W. , Mandema Johan M. , Schröder F. Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEleven hundred and thirty‐three clinical specimens submitted to the laboratory for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections were tested by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), by shell vial culture, and by conventional cell culture. The shell vial cultures were stained with 8 different monoclonal antibodies both 1 day and 3–7 days after inoculation. In order to limit the cost and the workload, mixtures of monoclonal antibodies were used. Coverslips with HEp−2, cells were incubated with a mixture of FITC‐labeled monoclonal antibody to RSV and nonlabeled monoclonal antibody to adenovirus. When no RSV positive IF staining was observed after the first incubation step, the same coverslip was incubated once more with FITC‐ labeled anti‐mouse antibody. A positive reaction at this stage indicated the presence of adenovirus. Similarly, cultures of tertiary monkey kidney cells were investigated with a mixture of two FITC‐labeled monoclonals to the influenza viruses A and B and three nonlabeled monoclonals to the parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 and 3. If influenza virus or parainfluenza virus was detected, the exact type was determined by staining different parts of a duplicate coverslip. Shell vial cultures for cytomegalovirus (CMV) were always performed separately on human embryonic lung fibroblasts.Using this approach, we detected RSV (n = 248), CMV (n = 42), parainfluenza virus (n = 31), influenza virus (n = 28), and adenovirus (n = 6), in most cases after only one day of culture. For RSV, the sensitivity of the shell vial method was too low (74%) to allow omission of DIF (sensitivity 95%). For the other viruses, the “shell vial/monoclonal antibody mixture” approach was very attractive, being rapid, very specific (⩾97%), and also very sensitive (probably >95%). © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA in clinical specimens
Authors: Zazzi Maurizio , Romano Laura , Brasini Agostina , Valensin Pier Egisto 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA highly sensitive two‐step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was evaluated for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) DNA in clinical specimens. The product resulting from the first amplification reaction is used as the template for the second PCR with an internal (nested) primer pair. Even when starting from a single copy of HIV‐1 DNA, the double PCR product was readily detected by direct visualization in ethidium bromide‐stained agarose gels. Amplification of minute amounts of HIV‐1 DNA was successful in a considerable excess of HIV‐1 negative DNA than reported previously. All of 85 HIV‐1‐infected individuals were PCR‐positive with at least two of the three sets of primers used, 252 of 255 amplifications allowing unambiguous visualization of a unique DNA fragment of the expected size. The two‐step amplification protocol is simple and rapid and fulfills the requirements of sensitivity and specificity for use in a clinical laboratory. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of herpesvirus DNA in the large intestine of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease using the nested polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Wakefield A. J. , Fox J. D. , Sawyerr A. M. , Taylor J. E. , Sweenie C. H. , Smith M. , Emery V. C. , Hudson M. , Tedder R. S. , Pounder R. E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of herpesvirus DNA was examined in inflammatory bowel disease tissue. DNA was extracted from resection and biopsy specimens of the large intestine from patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 21), patients with Crohn's disease (n = 29), and patients with noninflammatory bowel disease (controls) (n = 21). The nested polymerase chain reaction was used to detect viral DNA using primer pairs specific for either cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), human herpesvirus 6 (HHVG), varicella zoster virus (VZV), or Epstein Barr virus (EBV). HSV1 and VZV DNA were not detected in any of the tissue samples. There was a high prevalence of CMV (81%), HHVG (76%), and EBV (76%) DNA in ulcerative colitis tissue compared to Crohn's disease tissues (CMV 66%, HHVG 45%, EBV 55%). Control tissue had a relatively low frequency of CMV (29%) and EBV (19%) DNA but a prevalence of HHVG DNA similar to that of ulcerative colitis (86%). However, the simultaneous presence of HHVG and CMV and/or EBV DNA in ulcerative colitis tissue (76%) was much greater than in either Crohn's disease tissues (38%) or control tissue (29%) (P < 0.05). There was a low prevalence of CMV, HHV6, and EBV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all patient groups. CMV and EBV are capable of reactivating HHV6: the high prevalence of coexistent HHV6 infection with either or both of these two viruses in ulcerative colitis tissue suggests that they may play a synergistic role in the pathogenesis of this disease. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistent delta antigenaemia in chronic delta hepatitis and its relation with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Roingeard Philippe , Dubois Frédéric , Marcellin Patrick , Bernuau Jacques , Bonduelle Sylvie , Benhamou Jean‐Pierre , Goudeau Alain 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of persistent hepatitis delta (HD) antigenaemia and associated factors in patients with chronic infection with the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) were investigated. Among 157 consecutive patients known to be carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 36 (23%) had one serum marker of HDV infection (anti‐HD and/or HDAg). Nine of the patients with an HDV marker were HDAg positive, including three who were anti‐HD negative. A follow‐up over a mean period of 13 months showed that five of five patients had a persistent HD antigenaemia. This serological profile was associated with the presence of antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (anti‐HIV) (P < 0.01), serum HIV antigen (HlVAg) (P < 0.21, and the female sex (P < 0.05). Persistent HD antigenaemia could be the consequence of the suppression of T cell cytotoxic activity against hepatocytes expressing HDAg, a lower humoral response, and/or hormonal factors. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐RNA and response to alpha‐interferon in anti‐HCV positive chronic hepatitis
Authors: Magrin S. , Craxi A. , Fabiano C. , Fiorentino G. , Marino L. , Almasio P. , Pinzello G. B. , Palazzo U. , Vitale M. , Maggio A. , Bucca G. , Gianguzza F. , Shyamala V. , Han J. H. , Pagliaro L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) replication was assessed before and during alpha‐interferon (IFN) treatment in 22 anti‐HCV positive patients with posttransfusion or sporadic chronic hepatitis (CH). Eleven patients were “responders” and 11 patients “non‐responders” to IFN. Thirteen anti‐HCV negative healthy subjects and five anti‐HCV negative patients with autoimmune CH served as controls.Serum HCV‐RNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in all untreated anti‐HCV positive patients but in none of the anti‐HCV negative subjects. PCR primers from the 5′‐non‐coding (NC) region were more sensitive than primers from a non‐structural (NS5) region in detecting HCV‐RNA (21/22, 95% vs. 7/22, 32%, respectively). Positive strand HCV‐RNA titre and positivity rate for the negative strand were similar in responders and non‐responders before IFN treatment, as well as anti‐cl00‐3 titre by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and anti‐5‐1‐1, anti‐c33c, anti‐c22 positivity rate by immunoblot assay (RIBA). HCV‐RNA positivity by both NC and NS primers was more frequent before IFN among responders. During IFN treatment, serum HCV‐RNA was detectable, mostly at low titres, in 1 (NC positive) of the 11 responders and in 9 (4 NS positive and 5 NC positive) of the 11 non‐responders. Among the four non‐responders who were NS positive during IFN, three were NC positive before IFN.Serum HCV‐RNA was always found in our post‐transfusion or sporadic anti‐HCV positive patients with CH. Viraemia generally decreased during IFN treatment, but no available HCV markers clearly distinguished responders from non‐responders before IFN treatment. Different NC and NS primers behaviour between responders and non‐responders before and during treatment with IFN suggests genomic heterogeneity and may explain non‐responsiveness to IFN. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient and reproducible new semimicromethod for the detection and titration of HIV in human plasma
Authors: Andreoni M. , Sarmati L. , Parisi S. G. , Ercoli L. , Rocchi G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA semimicromethod was established for isolating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in plasma using 48‐well plates and a pool of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from several donors as targets for infection, which increases the efficiency of isolation by reducing the effect of variability due to diverse donor cell susceptibility to HIV infection.The addition of H9 cells to the PBMC cultures did not affect measurable titers. Nevertheless, it potentiated strongly virus replication in terms of p24 production in the supernatant of the wells with HIV isolates, thus facilitating interpretation of the results. The titration of a virus strain of a known titre and reverse transcriptase activity in parallel provided a constant parameter of efficiency and reproducibility within each experiment, permitting comparison with results from other laboratories.The reproducibility of the method was highly significant (r = 0.97, P < 0.001); 68% of the 22 plasma samples from HIV‐infected individuals tested by this method were positive. The presence of plasma HIV titer correlated well (P < 0.02) with the low count of CD4+ cells of less than 300/mm3, but not with the presence of the p24 antigen in the serum. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors inducing the persistence of high‐risk genital papillomaviruses in the normal cervix
Authors: Vandenvelde C. , Van Beers D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the risk factors associated with persistence of human papillomaviruses (HPV) types 16, 18, and 33 in the normal cervix, a prospective study was carried out in Belgium of 323 women without cytological evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Demographic and clinical data were obtained by interview, and HPV DNA was assayed in cervical‐swab specimens using the Fast Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reactionbased screening and confirmatory tests. A multivariable linear regression model was constructed using four well‐known risk factors: the use of an oral contraceptive which is either triphasic, or monophasic and containing ethynylestradiol in association with either norethysterone, or levonorgestrel, or lynestrenol, or gestoden, or estrogenic and containing estriol (P = 8 × 10−6) a positive history of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection (P = l0−4), an age inferior or equal to 30 years (P = 0.012), and cigarette smoking (P = 0.020). Crude and adjusted relative risks were calculated for each HPV persistence predictor. The data and the results of the molecular biology of high‐risk genital HPVs are consistent with the hypothesis that the use of an oral contraceptive containing simultaneously and continuously both a potent estrogen and a high activity progestative is necessary to enhance significantly HPV transcription. These observations are also consistent with the hypothesis that the oral contraceptives and HSV genital infection are responsible for HPV persistence in the normal cervix but not for HPV‐induced cervical transformation. The relatively weak correlation found for cigarette smoking may be explained by the very moderate induction effect of phorbol esters on HPV expression, in comparison with their important transforming effect on virus‐infected cells, and thus by the limited number of HPV‐infected women in our study. The fourth predictor probably represents several other risk factors associated with young age such as a high number of sexual partners. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus antibody detection by a line ImmunoAssay and (near) full length genomic RNA detection by a new RNA‐capture polymerase chain reaction
Authors: van Doom Leen‐Jan , van Belkum Alex , Maertens Geert , Quint Wim , Kos Ton , Schellekens Huub 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA rapid and simple RNA‐capture polymerase chain reaction assay (RCPA) for detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is described. The assay detects specifically the presence of (near) full length genomic RNA of HCV by capturing HCV‐RNA at the 3′ terminal end on magnetic beads, followed by cDNA synthesis and PCR with 5′ end specific primers.Sera were obtained from 30 chimpanzees inoculated with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis material from various sources, 28‐122 months after infection. The sera were tested for the presence of HCV‐RNA by RCPA and for HCV antibodies by a Line ImmunoAssay (Inno‐LIA HCV Ab). Both tests were compared and show a high degree of agreement. Screening of 30 chimpanzee sera revealed either clearing of the virus below detection level (22130) or development of a HCV carrier state (8/30). Only 1 of 11 LIA‐indeterminate samples was positive by RCPA. As the RCPA is more sensitive, it can be used to test for the presence of HCV in sera which are classified indeterminate by the LIA. The outcome of the infection seems to be independent of the nature of the inocula, suggesting that the individual immune response could determine either clearing of the virus or the development of chronic infect ion. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controlled trial of prophylactic versus therapeutic use of ganciclovir after liver transplantation in adults
Authors: Cohen Alexander T. , O'Grady John G. , Sutherland Sheena , Sallie Richard , Tan K.‐C. , Williams Roger 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe potential of prophylactic ganciclovir for the control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was evaluated in a prospective controlled trial of 65 patients after liver transplantation. A group of 33 patients received ganciclovir (10 mg/kg/day) during the third and fourth weeks after transplantation, while 32 patients were randomised to receive ganciclovir (10 mg/kg/day) only when clinical CMV disease was diagnosed. Eight patients (25%) in the latter group received ganciclovir and included the only death attributed to CMV infection in the study. Prophylactic ganciclovir was associated with a lower incidence of serologically diagnosed secondary infection and the development of the IgM anti‐CMV antibody. However, the frequency of clinical infections was similar in the two groups (9/33 vs. 11/32). Liver function tests during the second month after transplantation were not significantly better in the patients receiving prophylactic ganciclovir. Leucopaenia was not seen in patients receiving prophylactic ganciclovir. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis A antibody titres after infection and immunization: implications for passive and active immunization
Authors: Zaaijer H. L. , Leentvaar‐Kuijpers A. , Rotman H. , Lelie P. N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTitres of antibodies against hepatitis A virus (HAV) were determined in patients, in donors, and in volunteers after active, passive, and combined immunization. Highest titres were found in recently infected persons: in 109 IgM anti‐HAV positive persons, the geometric mean titre (GMT) was 15,400 mlU/ml. The GMT in 265 anti‐HAV positive blood donors was 10,700 mlU/ml. The anti‐HAV seroprevalence in 19,746 donors increases with age: at the age of 40 years, 50% have antibodies. Titres after active, passive, and combined immunization were studied in three groups: 51 persons received inactivated HAV vaccine at months 0, 1, and 6. The GMT after the booster was 3,400 mlU/ml at month 7. All persons produced more than 100 mlU/ml anti‐HAV. Forty‐nine persons received both 5 ml immunoglobulin and three vaccinations, yielding a GMT of 1,300 mlU/ml at month 7. One person in this group produced less than 100 mlU/ml anti‐HAV. Forty‐nine persons received 5 ml immunoglobulin intramuscularly. At day 5 the GMT was 96 mlU/ml. The estimated minimum protective level (10 mlU/ml) was reached in 3 months. Hepatitis A vaccination may supersede the use of immunoglobulin as prophylaxis for travellers to endemic areas. Passive immunization remains necessary for protection during outbreaks. The dosage regimen for passive immunization is based on old studies using preparations with unknown anti‐HAV content. Concern regarding the antibody levels in immunoglobulin preparations is justified; the prevalence of HAV antibodies in developed countries continues to fall. Our results indicate that dosage regimens should be reconsidered. Dosage should be deduced logically from the anti‐HAV antibody content of the immunoglobulin preparation. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three cases of human herpesvirus‐6 latent infection: Integration of viral genome in peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA
Authors: Luppi Mario , Marasca Roberto , Barozzi Patrizia , Ferrari Sergio , Ceccherini‐Nelli Luca , Batoni Giovanna , Merelli Elisa , Torelli Giuseppe 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSaliva and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three patients, two with lymphoproliferative disorders and one suffering from multiple sclerosis, were examined for the presence of human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) genome by using the polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis. The search for anti‐HHV‐6 antibodies, carried out in the sera of the same cases by an immunofluorescence assay, was negative in two cases at the lowest dilution used (1:40). These three patients had a high number of HHV‐6 specific sequences in uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which are thought to be a normal site of viral latency although, in healthy individuals, the infected cells are extremely rare. In order to gain some insight into the state of the viral genome in this latent HHV‐6 infection, we used pulsed field gel electrophoresis to separate HHV‐6 DNA directly from HHV‐6 (strain GS) infected HSB‐2 cells and from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of these three patients. Our study showed the presence of intact viral genome, of the expected length of 170 kb, persisting as free extrachromosomal element in the HSB‐2 cells but not in patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells. On the other hand, in strong contrast with the results obtained in infected HSB‐2 DNA, the restriction analysis of the three patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA showed fragments of molecular weight constantly higher than the 170 kb segment, indicating that the viral sequences are linked to high molecular weight cellular DNA. Our findings are consistent only with a latent infection in which HHV‐6 is integrated in vivo and suggest that pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis is well worth using to evaluate the presence of integrated, intact, or fragmented viral genomes in HHV‐6 associated lymphoproliferative diseases and immune disorders. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.