bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of cloprostenol in a reproductive management system for dairy cattle
Authors: Seguin B. E. , Tate D. J. , Otterby D. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A reproductive management system for dairy cattle, combining selective use of cloprostenol (cp) with insemination based on detection of estrus, was tested in a controlled experiment involving 3 herds and 546 reproductive cycles (447 in lactating cows and 99 in breeding-age heifers). Each herd was visited weekly and experimental group animals ready for insemination were given cp (500 µg im) if found to have a mature corpus luteum before being seen in estrus. Animals assigned to the experimental system were inseminated sooner than controls, 11 days sooner for cows and 13 days for heifers, and became pregnant sooner than controls, 18 days sooner for both cows and heifers. Pregnancy rates for 1st inseminations in experimental group animals were higher than in controls. This was due to pregnancy rates for those inseminations done 2 to 5 clays after cp treatment being higher than those for all other inseminations, regardless of group assignment. Of the 266 animals inseminated in the experimental system, 228 (86%) were treated with at least 1 dose of cp. A total of 313 doses were used and 228 (73%) of the treatments resulted in an observed estrus and insemination in 2 to 5 days. Distribution of the occurrence of estrus after cp treatment differed among the 3 herds. In all herds, however, day 3 after treatment was the most common day for estrus and insemination. In the 1 herd in which heifers were included, they were in estrus sooner after cp treatment than were herdmate cows. Outside the day 2 through 5 posttreatment response period, extraneous responses occurred following use of 22 (7%) of the 313 cp doses. Distributions of estrous activity by day of the week were significantly affected by the experimental management system, as 46% of 1st inseminations and 39% of all inseminations were done on the 3rd day after herd visits, and 88% of 1st inseminations and 82% of all inseminations were done on days 2 through 5 after herd visits. It was concluded that the routine use of prostaglandin products such as cp can improve reproductive performance and alter labor requirements on dairy farms.
Recovery of Mycoplasma agalactiae from mastitic goat milk
Authors: DaMassa A. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An organism recovered from mastitic milk of a newly freshened goat was identified as Mycoplasma agalactiae. The number of mycoplasmas in the mammary secretions was 6.3 × 107 colony-forming units/ml, indicating active infection. This was the second recovery of M agalactiae in the United States, but in contrast to the previous isolate from the joint of a goat reported to be avirulent following experimental inoculation, the large concentration of M agalactiae from mastitic milk is evidence that it possesses pathogenic potential.
Management of umbilical hernias in cattle and horses
Authors: Fretz P. B. , Hamilton G. F. , Barber S. M. , Ferguson J. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The medical records of 60 cattle and 47 horses treated for umbilical hernia at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine over a 3-year period were studied retrospectively. Age, hernia size, physical signs at admission, reducibility, method of repair, prevalence, and types of complications were evaluated.
Most patients were less that 6 months old, with hernias less than 10 cm long. Affected cattle had a higher prevalence of organic diseases associated with umbilical hernias and more postsurgical complications than did affected horses.
Ventricular septal defects in the horse
Authors: Lombard C. W. , Scarratt W. K. , Buergelt C. D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Clinical, echocardiographic, and right-side cardiac catheterization data were collected in 6 horses with ventricular septal defects. The defects were confirmed by necropsy in 5 horses. On echocardiography, the cardiac dimensions were normal in 3 horses and enlarged in 2 others. A step-up in partial oxygen pressure between right atrium and right ventricle suggested a left-to-right shunt in 3 of the 4 horses catheterized. In 1 foal, a small defect without PO2 step-up was documented by angiocardiography. The oxymetry and pressure data were compared with previous cases from the reviewed literature, and the importance of pressure measurements to rule out concomitant defects was emphasized.
Echocardiographic assessment of congenital aortic stenosis in dogs
Authors: Wingfield Wayne E. , Boon June A. , Miller Charles W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eleven dogs with congenital aortic stenosis were studied with M-mode echocardiography. In these dogs, the aorta was increased in dimension during diastole (P<0.02) and systole (P<0.05). The left ventricular outflow tract was decreased in dimension (P<0.01). There was premature, early systolic closure of the aortic valve in 45% of the dogs. Concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle was confirmed via echocardiography, as evidenced by increased dimension of the left ventricular wall (P<0.01) and interventricular septum (P<0.01).
Giant cell tumor of soft parts in six horses
Authors: Render James A. , Harrington Daniel D. , Wells Roger E. , Dunstan Robert W. , Turek John J. , Boosinger Timothy R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Giant cell tumor of soft parts was diagnosed in 6 horses 3 to 12 years old (mean, 6.8 ±3.5 years): 3 Quarter Horse geldings, 2 Standardbred mares, and 1 Standardbred stallion. The neoplasms developed as raised, solitary masses, approximately 1 to 4 cm in diameter, which were firmly attached to subcutaneous tissue of the neck (1 horse), shoulder (1 horse), thigh (2 horses), or stifle (2 horses). Excision was followed by local recurrence in 3 horses within 1 to 11/2 months.
The neoplasms were firm and cut with resistance. On cut surface, they were white, with mottled red hemorrhagic areas.
In vitro susceptibilities of canine urinary bacteria to selected antimicrobial agents
Authors: Rohrich Pamela J. , Ling Gerald V. , Ruby Annette L. , Jang Spencer S. , Johnson Deedra L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted on bacteria that were isolated from urine specimens collected by antepubic cystocentesis from dogs with urinary tract infections. Antimicrobics to which ≥90% of these urinary bacteria were susceptible in vitro included trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz), nitrofurantoin, cephalexin, nalidixic acid, and gentamicin for isolates of Escherichia coli; ampicillin, tmp-smz, cephalexin, nalidixic acid, and gentamicin for isolates of Proteus mirabilis; ampicillin chloramphenicol, tmp-smz, nitrofurantoin, cephalexin, kanamycin, and gentamicin for isolates of coagulase-positive staphylococci; cephalexin, nalidixic acid, and gentamicin for isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae; ampicillin, tmp-smz, and gentamicin for isolates of Streptococcus faecalis, Str faecium, and Str zymogenes; ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tmp-smz, and gentamicin for isolates of Str viridans; and ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tmp-smz, nitrofurantoin, cephalexin, kanamycin, and gentamicin for isolates of Str canis. No antimicrobial agent tested was effective in vitro at the 90% level for isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but gentamicin was closest, at 89%.
Microphthalmia, retinal dysplasia, and anterior segment dysgenesis in a litter of doberman pinschers
Authors: Jeiffer Robert J. , Fischer Craig A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Blindness was found in 5 of 11 7-week-old Doberman Pinscher littermates. Each eye in the affected pups had moderate to marked corneal opacification, and there was variable microphthalmia. Gross and microscopic examination of the globes revealed multiple ocular defects highlighted by anterior segment and lenticular dysgenesis, hyperplastic primary vitreous, and retinal dysplasia. The cause of the ocular malformations was undetermined.
Treatment of canine aural hematoma with an indwelling drain
Authors: Kagan Kenneth G. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Aural hematomas in 9 dogs were managed by manual expression through stab incisions in the pinna and placement of indwelling silicone rubber drains, without compression bandaging. The drains were well tolerated. Seromas developed in 2 ears when the drains were removed at 7 and 10 days, but the seromas resolved when the drains were replaced. Healing without deformation of the pinna was obtained when the drains were maintained 13 to 28 days.
Short-Limbed dwarfism and ocular defects in the Samoyed dog
Authors: Meyers Vicki N. , Jezyk Peter F. , Aguirre Gustavo D. , Patterson Donald F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A syndrome of short-limbed dwarfism and ocular defects was found in Samoyed dogs. The most prominent abnormalities were small stature and valgus deformity of the carpi. Radiographic evidence of retarded growth at the distal ulnar physis was apparent by 12 weeks of age. Ocular defects included cataracts and retinal detachment. Family studies and limited breeding experiments were consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
Effects of modified protein diets in dogs with chronic renal failure
Authors: Polzin David J. , Osborne Carl A. , Hayden David W. , Stevens Jerry B. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A maintenance diet containing 44.4% dry weight protein and 2 reduced protein diets containing 17.2% and 8.2% dry weight protein were studied in dogs with induced chronic renal failure to determine effects on their (1) clinical status, (2) renal function, (3) electrolyte and acid-base balance, (4) divalent ion balance, (5) nutritional status, (6) hematologic status, and (7) hemostasis. A cross-over design of feeding was utilized so that the effect of diet could be studied in each dog at a known state of renal dysfunction and so that reversibility of effects could be determined. The inulin clearance rate was higher when the 44.4% protein diet was fed than when the 8.2% or 17.2% protein diets were fed. However, consumption of lower protein diets was associated with greater physical activity and reduction in serum urea nitrogen concentrations, compared with consumption of the 44.4% protein maintenance diet. Varying degrees of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis developed in dogs fed the 8.2% and 17.2% protein diets. Reduced total serum protein and albumin concentrations, and hypercholesterolemia developed in dogs fed the 8.2% protein diet. All effects were reversible after diets were changed. It was concluded that diet-induced alterations in renal function associated with moderate dietary protein restriction did not adversely effect clinical and biochemical status of dogs with renal failure. It was unclear whether the clinical and biochemical changes observed with more severe protein restriction resulted from diet-induced changes in renal function.
Comparison of plasma aldosterone concentration among clinical status groups of dogs with chronic heart failure
Authors: Knowlen Grant G. , Kittleson Mark D. , Nachreiner Raymond F. , Eyster George E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The plasma aldosterone concentration (pac) among clinical status groups of 23 dogs with chronic heart failure was compared at various times after diagnosis of the problem. Eighteen dogs admitted in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV clinical status had significant elevations in pac (P< 0.0001), when compared with clinically normal dogs. Five dogs admitted in NYHA class III status and 4 dogs that responded with a change to NYHA class III status had significant elevations in pac (P<0.01), when compared with clinically normal dogs. In patients with NYHA class IV status, the pac was significantly greater (P<0.01) than in patients in NYHA class III status.
For patients with the poorest prognosis, ie, severe signs of NYHA class IV status, the pac was not markedly different, when compared with that for patients with a favorable prognosis, ie, recent onset of signs of NYHA class IV status. Patients treated with Captopril had significantly lower pac after therapy (P<0.01), whereas patients treated with hydralazine had significantly higher pac (P<0.05) after therapy.
It was concluded that heart failure in the dog increases pac, most likely because of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system activation, and that the increase is related directly to the clinical status of the patient. Further, it was concluded that treatment of dogs in heart failure with Captopril causes a decrease in circulating pac, whereas treatment with hydralazine causes an increase in circulating pac.
Rheumatoid factor determination in 50 dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Authors: Kaswan Renee L. , Martin Charles L. , Dawe Donald L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Sera from 50 dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca were examined for rheumatoid factor. In 17 (34%) of dogs tested, rheumatoid factor was found at titers equal to or greater than 1:16. Fifteen dogs (30%) had probable concurrent immunologic disorders. Ten dogs (20%) had xerostomia, as indicated by dry oral mucosa, marked periodontitis, and loss of teeth.
Complications associated with the dorsolateral muscleseparating approach for thoracolumbar disk fenestration in the dog
Authors: Bartels Kenneth E. , Creed James E. , Yturraspe Daniel J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In a series of over 125 cases, complications associated with the dorsolateral muscle-separating approach for thoracolumbar intervertebral disk fenestration have been pneumothorax, hemorrhage, and neuromuscular deficits. Most of the complications were neuromuscular in origin and of short duration. It was concluded that the approach provides excellent visualization and is rapid, precise, and unlikely to lead to permanent complications.
Simultaneous cystometry and uroflowmetry for evaluation of micturition in two dogs
Authors: Moreau Philippe M. , Lees George E. , Hobson H. Phil 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A recently developed urodynamic testing procedure was used to evaluate disorders of micturition in 2 dogs. The procedure simultaneously recorded intravesical pressure and urine flow during micturition. In an 11-year-old spayed female Sheltie that could not urinate normally, a micturition study demonstrated functional outflow obstruction of the urinary bladder. Although the urethra was patent, the urethral resistance factor, as calculated from pressure and flow data, was extremely high during voiding efforts. A urethral transitional cell carcinoma along with secondary infection, inflammation, and fibrosis were found to be responsible for the dog's problem. Ability to urinate was restored following removal of the affected portion of the urethra. In a 6-year-old spayed female Doberman Pinscher with urinary incontinence during sleep, a micturition study demonstrated urethral incompetence. During infusion of 0.9% NaCl solution into the bladder, the fluid flowed through the urethra before the detrusor muscle contracted, and urethral resistance during voiding was low. The dog's incontinence was responsive to estrogen administration.
Natural history of infection with Pasteurella multocida in rabbits
Authors: DiGiacomo Ronald F. , Garlinghouse Leland E. , Van Hoosier Gerald L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Monitoring of rabbits at a commercial rabbitry for Pasteurella multocida infection revealed that the nares of 10 litters of New Zealand White rabbits were not colonized before weaning at 8 weeks of age, regardless of whether or not the does were infected. The earliest nasal infection was detected at 12 weeks of age, and by 22 weeks of age, 23% had P multocida infection. Rhinitis developed 2 or more weeks after infection was detected in most rabbits. A survey of 76 adult rabbits in the breeding colony revealed that 72% had P multocida infection. In 31 rabbits with rhinitis, 90% were infected, whereas in 55 rabbits with P multocida infection, only 50% had rhinitis. During the period of surveillance, there was an epizootic of rhinitis caused by P multocida. All age groups except preweanlings were affected. Serotyping of 29 isolates of P multocida revealed that 93% were somatic type 12. Surveillance of rabbits for pasteurellosis at a laboratory animal facility revealed that the following clinical syndromes developed in decreasing order of magnitude: rhinitis, conjunctivitis, abscesses, and otitis media.
Amebiasis in red-footed tortoises
Authors: Jacobson Elliott , Clubb Susan , Greiner Ellis 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of 500 red-footed tortoises imported to southern Florida, approximately 200 died during a 2-month period. Clinical signs were nonspecific and included anorexia, listlessness, and watery diarrhea, with lingering death. Necropsy consistently revealed thickened duodenum, with necrotic mucosa and multifocal to diffuse areas of hepatic necrosis. Histologic evaluation of tissues demonstrated numerous amebae in intestinal and hepatic lesions.
Toxicity and efficacy of ivermectin in chelonians
Authors: Teare J. Andrew , Bush Mitchell 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five red-footed tortoises (Geochelone carbonaria) treated for intestinal nematode parasitism with a single im injection of ivermectin (0.4 mg/kg) were found in a state of extreme paresis or flaccid paralysis. One tortoise recovered normal motor function over the next 7 to 10 days. The remaining tortoises died within 3 days of receiving the ivermectin. The only consistent postmortem finding was a marked fatty change in the liver.
Studies in the red-footed tortoise showed that some paresis will occur with dosages as low as 0.05 mg/kg. At least 3 other species of chelonians were found to be susceptible to ivermectin toxicosis at similar dosages (0.1 mg/kg or less). The leopard tortoise (Geochelone pardalis) appeared to be the most susceptible of the species tested, consistently developing mild paresis with a dosage of0.025 mg/kg. Death occurred with dosages as low as 0.3 mg/kg.
A dosage of 0.05 mg/kg was found to be safe in red-footed tortoises, provided that treatment was not repeated at intervals of less than 7 days. Shedding of nematode larvae and eggs in the feces of parasitized red-footed tortoises was prevented with 2 to 6 weekly im injections of ivermectin at a dosage of 0.05 mg/kg, but limited necropsy findings indicated that elimination of adult nematodes from the intestines was incomplete.
Panophthalmitis and otitis interna in fire-bellied toads
Authors: Brooks Dennis E. , Jacobson Elliott R. , Wolf E. Daniel , Clubb Susan , Gaskin Jack M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Microbiologie and histologic studies were made of fire-bellied toads with signs of ocular and central nervous system disease. Providencia alcalifaciens, Citrobacter freundii, Aeromonas hydrophila, and other gram-negative bacilli were isolated from the eyes and multiple tissues of ill toads. The histologic evaluations revealed severe panophthalmitis and otitis interna.
Leucocytozoon simondi infection in European and American eiders
Authors: Miller R. Eric , Trampel Darrell W. , Desser Sherwin L. , Boever William J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An adult European eider (Somateria mollissima mollissima) died at the St Louis Zoo and was found to be infected with numerous blood and tissue stages of Leucocytozoon simondi. Necropsy revealed massive air sac aspergillosis, but histologic examination revealed a diffusely distributed protozoon organism that was identified as L simondi. Examination of tissues from a previously necropsied European eider and from 2 American eiders (Somateria mollissima dresseri) that later died also revealed evidence of L simondi infection.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in wild-type turkeys living in close contact with domestic fowl
Authors: Jessup David A. , DaMassa A. J. , Lewis Robert , Jones Karen R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mycoplasma gallisepticum was isolated from 2 wild-type turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and 1 domestic turkey living in close contact on a farm in Tehama County, California. Sinusitis was detected in 2 of 14 wild-type turkeys and in 1 of 12 feral broad-breasted bronze turkeys, but in none of several chickens on the premises. The entire mixed flock was captured, sinus aspirates were collected from affected birds, and blood samples were obtained from all birds for serologic testing. Blood samples also were obtained from 10 domestic turkeys on adjacent premises from which breeding stock had been borrowed.
The M gallisepticum isolated from sinus aspirates was typed and inoculated into susceptible chickens, resulting in airsacculitis. California wild turkeys with and without histories of exposure to domestic fowl and wild turkeys shipped into California from Texas for release were tested for antibodies to M gallisepticum, using the plate agglutination test. Evidence of M gallisepticum infection was not found in wild turkeys at any location other than the original premises.
Detection and control of rotavirus infections in zoo animals
Authors: Baumeister B. M. , Castro A. E. , McGuire-Rodgers S. J. , Ramsay E. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fecal specimens from 15 exotic animal species, with and without diarrhea, were examined for the presence of rotavirus, bacterial enteropathogens, and intestinal parasites. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antigens of rotavirus. Rotavirus was detected in the feces of 20 (57%) of 35 of the animals, which included addax (Addax nasomaculatus), nyala (Tragelaphus angasi), saiga (Saiga tatarica), white-tailed gnu (Connochaetus gnou), greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei), Grant's gazelle (Gazella granti roosevelti), sable antelope (Hippotragus niger niger), kob (Kobus kob leucotis), pygmy marmoset (Callithrix pygmaea), bush dog (Speothos venaticus), grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis), and red kangaroo (Megaleia rufa). Bacterial pathogens were found in 8 animals, 5 of which had concurrent rotavirus infections. Most (60%) of the animals with rotavirus infection were less than 2 weeks old; however, rotavirus also was detected in feces from adult animals. Although most of the cases of rotavirus infection were detected in nursery-reared animals, exhibit-reared animals also were infected with rotavirus.
Hematologic and serum chemical effects of a ketamine/xylazine combination when used for immobilizing springbok
Authors: Jacobson Elliott R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A ketamine hydrochloride/xylazine combination was found effective for immobilizing springbok. Following intramuscular injection by hand, the onset of immobilization ranged from 3 to 10 minutes and duration of immobilization ranged from 1 hour to 2 hours 20 minutes. Hematologic and serum chemical values before and after immobilization were compared. Serum alanine transaminase and serum glucose values were significantly higher after immobilization, whereas serum potassium was significantly lower.
Survival of erythrocytes after autologous and allogeneic transfusion in cats
Authors: Marion Richard S. , Smith Joseph E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Mean survival time of 14C-cyanate-labeled feline erythrocytes was determined after autologous and allogeneic transfusions. Mean survival time was defined as that time when one half of the transfused cells have been removed from circulation. Autologously transfused cells had a mean survival time of 38.0 days ± 2.02. For allogeneic transfusion between cats of the same blood type, the mean cell survival time was 30 days. Cells from primary allogeneic transfusions between cats of differing blood groups had a mean survival time between 10 and 14 days, whereas cells from cats having had repeated transfusions had a mean survival time of less than 5 days. It was concluded that the life span of cross-transfused red cells can be affected by blood type, and that blood transfusions should be between cats of the same blood type for maximal effectiveness.