bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses, Properties and Electrochemical Activity of Carbon Microtubes Modified with Amino Groups
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Liu Xiaoqing , Lai Linfei , Li Siyue , Weng Jian , Zhou Zhimin , Cui Qiang , Chen Xin , Cao Minyuan , Zhang Qiqing 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAmine‐modified carbon micro/sub‐microtubes that encapsulate magnetite cores have been synthesized by decomposing a ferrocene/hexabromobenzene mixture in the presence of ammonia under solvothermal conditions at 250 °C for 24 h in a one‐step process. The as‐prepared carbon microstructures (NH2‐ME‐CMTs) were 90–2000 nm in diameter and from tens to hundreds of micrometers in length that could be tuned in various solvents. The surface of the carbon microtubes can be modified with amino groups by the synthetic process, as confirmed by infra‐red (IR) spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ammonia in the reaction system plays a key role in the formation of the microtube morphology and was the source of the surface functionalization groups. Fluorescent fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was selected as a model compound and successively attached to the amino groups of the carbon microtubes. This result confirms the reactivity of the amino groups on the surface of the carbon microtubes. The inner magnetite cores were removed after immersion in 1 M HCl solution at room temperature over two months, and hollow carbon microtubes (NH2‐H‐CMTs) were obtained. The magnetite‐encapsulated carbon microtubes and the hollow carbon microtubes were coated on gold electrodes to prepare carbon microtube‐modified gold electrodes. The two electrodes have been used to investigate the oxidative properties of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA). Different from the magnetite‐encapsulated microtube‐modified electrode, the hollow microtube‐modified electrode can be utilized in the selective detection of DA in the presence of a large excess of AA. The electrochemical behaviour of DA and AA on the hollow carbon microtubes modified with amino groups is similar to that on carbon nanotubes. This result suggests that the one‐step synthesis method will not change the electrochemical properties or break the backbone structure of the carbon microtubes.
Synthesis and Application of Graphitic Carbon with High Surface Area
Authors: Xia Bao Yu , Wang Jian Nong , Wang Xiao Xia , Niu Jun Jie , Sheng Zhao Min , Hu Ming Ruo , Yu Qing Chun 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNanostructured graphitic carbons have widespread applications. However, the synthesis of such materials with a high surface area is still a great challenge. In this study, we demonstrate a new approach for improving the surface area. Graphitic carbon nanocages (CNCs) are prepared by spray pyrolysis of ethanol with dissolved iron carbonyl at high temperature. Ammonium thiocyanate is added to form iron sulfide as a less active catalyst and a template with less carbon dissolution and precipitation than single‐phase Fe. This addition leads to an apparent reduction in cage size from 60 to 40 nm and wall thickness from 5–10 nm to 2–4 nm and a significant increase in surface area from 227 to 550 m2 g−1 at 800 °C. As an example of a potential application, the CNCs with a thin wall and high surface area are demonstrated to be a superb material for supporting the Pt catalyst used in low‐temperature fuel cells. It is suggested that the present approach may be integrated with previous methods for improving the surface area of graphitic carbons and their performance in many areas of interest.
Low environmental sensitive antistatic material based on poly(vinyl chloride)/quaternary ammonium salt by blending with poly(ethylene oxide)
Authors: Kuang Minxuan , Zhou Shiyi , Lei Jingxin , Li Qiman 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR. A low environmental sensitive antistatic plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PPVC) was prepared by blending with QAS and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The structure and properties of PPVC/QAS/PEO blend were studied by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), surface resistivity, and mechanical properties tests. The results show that the surface resistivity of PPVC/QAS/PEO (100/4.5/0) blend without PEO component can be reduced to less than 3.0 × 108 Ω at 65% environmental humidity, which satisfied the antistatic property requirement related to MT113‐1995 of China. However, QAS, similar to other commercial antistatic agents, is much sensitive to environmental humidity. When a small amount of PEO is added, the surface resistivity of PPVC/QAS/PEO blend has a quite low sensitivity to environmental humidity and further reduces. An excellent antistatic property of PPVC/QAS/PEO blend under low humidity can be achieved. Its tensile strength and elongation at break are also improved with PEO addition. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
The effect of uniaxial orientation on the dielectric relaxation behavior of α‐PVDF
Authors: Ozkazanc E. , Guney H. Y. , Oskay T. , Tarcan E. 
Published: June 2008

Abstractα‐crystalline phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) film was oriented uniaxially at different draw ratios. Morphological effects of orientation were investigated by X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements on the oriented samples. The dielectric loss factor was measured from 100 Hz to 1 MHz range between 80 and 400 K as a function of frequency and temperature. While the activation energy of the α‐relaxation transition was not affected by the orientation, it was observed that there is a linear increase in the activation energy of the β‐relaxation transition with draw ratio. The relaxation time of the β‐relaxation transition was more affected by the orientation process at lower temperatures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Personal communication technologies as an extension of the self: A cross‐cultural comparison of people's associations with technology and their symbolic proximity with others
Authors: Vishwanath Arun , Chen Hao 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIncreasingly, individuals use communication technologies such as e‐mail, IMs, blogs, and cell phones to locate, learn about, and communicate with one another. Not much, however, is known about how individuals relate to various personal technologies, their preferences for each, or their extensional associations with them. Even less is known about the cultural differences in these preferences. The current study used the Galileo system of multidimensional scaling to systematically map the extensional associations with nine personal communication technologies across three cultures: U.S., Germany, and Singapore. Across the three cultures, the technologies closest to the self were similar, suggesting a universality of associations with certain technologies. In contrast, the technologies farther from the self were significantly different across cultures. Moreover, the magnitude of associations with each technology differed based on the extensional association or distance from the self. Also, and more importantly, the antecedents to these associations differed significantly across cultures, suggesting a stronger influence of cultural norms on personal‐technology choice.
Converting corn wet‐milling effluent into high‐value fungal biomass in a biofilm reactor
Authors: Jasti Nagapadma , Khanal Samir K. , Pometto Anthony L. , van Leeuwen J. (Hans) 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRhizopus microsporus was grown in an attached growth system using corn wet‐milling effluent as a growth medium. This strain was chosen due to its ability to effectively degrade organic matter in corn wet‐milling effluent and for its properties to produce significant levels of protein, chitin and chitosan. Fungal growth and organic removal efficiency were examined under both aseptic and non‐aseptic conditions with and without nutrient supplementation. Plastic composite support (PCS) tubes, composed of 50% (w/w) polypropylene (PP) and 50% (w/w) agricultural products were used as support media. Significantly higher organic removal measured as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biomass yield were observed in the bioreactor with PCS tubes than in two control bioreactors; that is with PP tubes alone and suspended growth (without support media). This confirmed that the PCS support medium with agricultural components enhanced fungal growth and organic removal. The results showed that supplementation of nutrients (e.g., mineral salts) under aseptic conditions enhanced the COD removal from 50% to 55% and observed biomass yield from 0.11 to 0.16 g (dry‐weight)/g CODremoved (i.e., from 0.10 to 0.14 g volatile solids (VS)/g CODremoved approximately). Non‐aseptic operation without nutrient supplementation resulted in an observed biomass yield of 0.32 g volatile suspended solids (VSS)/g CODremoved with no significant improvement in COD removal (∼53%); whereas with nutrient supplementation, the observed biomass yield increased to 0.56 g VSS/g CODremoved and COD removal improved to 85%. The fungal system was able to degrade the organic matter with concomitant production of high‐value fungal biomass. This is the first study that examined the conversion of corn milling waste stream into high value fungal protein. Biotechnol. Bioeng. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scalable Grid‐wide capacity allocation with the SweGrid Accounting System (SGAS)
Authors: Gardfjäll Peter , Elmroth Erik , Johnsson Lennart , Mulmo Olle , Sandholm Thomas 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe SweGrid Accounting System (SGAS) allocates capacity in collaborative Grid environments by coordinating enforcement of Grid‐wide usage limits as a means to offer usage guarantees and prevent overuse. SGAS employs a credit‐based allocation model where Grid capacity is granted to projects via Grid‐wide quota allowances that can be spent across the Grid resources. The resources collectively enforce these allowances in a soft, real‐time manner. SGAS is built on service‐oriented principles with a strong focus on interoperability and Web services standards. This article covers the SGAS design and implementation, which, besides addressing inherent Grid challenges (scale, security, heterogeneity, decentralization), emphasizes generality and flexibility to produce a customizable system with lightweight integration into different middleware and scheduling system combinations. We focus the discussion around the system design, a flexible allocation model, middleware integration experiences and scalability improvements via a distributed virtual banking system, and finally, an extensive set of testbed experiments. The experiments evaluate the performance of SGAS in terms of response times, request throughput, overall system scalability, and its performance impact on the Globus Toolkit 4 job submission software. We conclude that, for all practical purposes, the quota enforcement overhead incurred by SGAS on job submissions is not a limiting factor for the job‐handling capacity of the job submission software. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Grid Resource Broker workflow engine
Authors: Cafaro M. , Epicoco I. , Mirto M. , Lezzi D. , Aloisio G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIncreasingly, complex scientific applications are structured in terms of workflows. These applications are usually computationally and/or data intensive and thus are well suited for execution in grid environments. Distributed, geographically spread computing and storage resources are made available to scientists belonging to virtual organizations sharing resources across multiple administrative domains through established service‐level agreements. Grids provide an unprecedented opportunity for distributed workflow execution; indeed, many applications are well beyond the capabilities of a single computer, and partitioning the overall computation on different components whose execution may benefit from runs on different architectures could provide better performances. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of the Grid Resource Broker (GRB) workflow engine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are adjunctive markers useful in routine cervical cancer screening? Application of p16INK4a and HPV‐PCR on ThinPrep samples with histological follow‐up
Authors: Schledermann D. , Andersen B. T. , Bisgaard K. , Dohse M. , Ejersbo D. , Hoelund B. , Horal P. , Lindh M. , Ryd W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe objectives of the study were to evaluate 1) the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of p16INK4a as a marker for high‐grade cervical lesions, 2) the results of a real‐time polymerase chain reaction detecting high‐risk human papillomavirus, and 3) the interobserver variability of the p16INK4a interpretation.A total of 232 ThinPrep samples were stained for p16INK4a, and HPV‐DNA PCR was performed on 107 specimens with inclusion of both benign and abnormal cytology. Histological follow‐up information was collected.The diagnostic sensitivity of ASC+ with CIN2+ in histology as endpoint was 96% for p16INK4a and 100% for HR‐HPV DNA PCR, and the diagnostic specificity was 41% and 27%, respectively. If p16INK4a had been used for triage of the ASC samples, then 18 patients (42%) could have been spared unnecessary follow‐up procedures compared to six patients (21%) with the HR‐HPV DNA test. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:453–459. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expanding the concept of motivation to change: The content of patients' wish to recover from anorexia nervosa
Authors: Nordbø Ragnfrid H.S. , Gulliksen Kjersti S. , Espeset Ester M.S. , Skårderud Finn , Geller Josie , Holte Arne 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:Motivational approaches to anorexia nervosa (AN) have mainly concerned motivational quality and quantity. We investigated the content of patients' wish to recover.Method:Eighteen women, aged 18–39, with AN were interviewed in depth using a phenomenological study design. Interviews were tape‐recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the QSR‐N*Vivo software program.Results:Four motivational content areas characterized informants' wishes to recover: “Sense of vitality” (e.g., joy, concentration, spontaneity, energy); “Sense of autonomy” (e.g., choosing to recover, new methods of mastery, self‐determination); “Sense of insight” (e.g., awareness, seeing nuances, limitation of goals, self‐knowledge); and “Negative consequences” (e.g., loss of future, costs to own children, feeling sick or thin, social costs, physical costs).Conclusion:Our sample of AN patients' motivation to recover may be described using three dimensions: content, quality, and quantity, and may also include motives with no behavioral intention. Sustained therapeutic success may rest upon the therapist's ability to identify and ally with the patient's motives to recover. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Examining the conceptual model of integrative cognitive‐affective therapy for BN: Two assessment studies
Authors: Wonderlich Stephen A. , Engel Scott G. , Peterson Carol B. , Robinson Michael D. , Crosby Ross D. , Mitchell James E. , Smith Tracey L. , Klein Marjorie H. , Lysne Christianne M. , Crow Scott J. , Strauman Timothy J. , Simonich Heather K. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:Two studies sought to examine predictions of the Integrative Cognitive‐Affective Therapy (ICAT) model, which views bulimic symptoms in terms of inter‐relations between self‐concept discrepancies, negative affect, and self‐directed coping styles. The present results examine assessment‐related predictions of this model.Method:Individuals with bulimic symptoms were compared to noneating disorder control participants in two studies involving central constructs of the ICAT model.Results:In both studies, bulimic individuals displayed higher levels of self‐discrepancy and negative self‐directed styles, supporting predictions of the model. Also predicted by the model, negative mood states mediated relations between bulimic status and negative self‐directed coping styles in Study 2.Conclusion:Assessment‐related predictions of the ICAT model of bulimic symptoms were supported in two studies. These initial results support further tests of the model in longitudinal designs, contrasts of different clinical populations, and treatment‐evaluation studies. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Falsification cueing in collective reasoning: example of the Wason selection task
Authors: Augustinova Maria 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper focuses on the effectiveness of groups, as opposed to individuals, in benefiting from falsification cueing in solving the Wason selection task. Consistent with the idea that groups use information that often individuals fail to use, Experiment 1 showed that groups (but not individuals) that received falsification cueing focused more on cue‐consistent evidence in their reasoning. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the increment in focus on cue‐consistent evidence is moderated by the distribution of the falsification cue within a group. Finally, Experiment 3 demonstrated that the cue distribution affects collective focus on cue‐consistent evidence through the content of the group discussion, namely through mentioning the cue during the discussion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The extrinsic affective Simon task as an instrument for indirect assessment of prejudice
Authors: Degner Juliane , Wentura Dirk 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe report one study that explored the applicability of the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST) as an indirect measure of prejudice. The EAST detected known differences in reactions revealing that a Turkish outgroup was spontaneously evaluated more negatively than the German ingroup. More importantly, EAST effects were meaningfully correlated with measures of explicit prejudice expression. This relation, however, was moderated by participants' motivation to control prejudice expression. In addition, we tested considerations regarding the role of a task‐switch account for the explanation of EAST scores and found that only EAST scores of task‐switch trials were related to explicit prejudice expression. This supports a task‐switch explanation of the EAST. Results indicate that the EAST is suitable for the assessment of interindividual differences in intergroup prejudice. Implications for the indirect assessment of automatic prejudice activation are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Punishment as restoration of group and offender values following a transgression: value consensus through symbolic labelling and offender reform
Authors: Okimoto Tyler G. , Wenzel Michael 
Published: June 2008

AbstractJustice theory has suggested that transgressions pose a threat to the shared values that underlie broken rules or laws, suggesting that in order to address concerns over the values violated by an offence, perceived consensus regarding those values must be reaffirmed. However, little empirical research has been conducted examining how legal responses can address those value concerns. In the current research we argue that punishments, as a common response to injustice, can reaffirm perceived value consensus through two routes: (1) by symbolically labelling the offence as against group values, thus reinforcing values towards observers and (2) by attempting to reform the offender, thus reinforcing values towards the offender. Consistent with this argument, three empirical studies showed that the public and inclusive nature of punishment helps restore a perceived value consensus as such characteristics facilitate these two processes. Moreover, these characteristics had a positive effect on perceived punishment appropriateness particularly when value concerns were heightened. These findings implicate symbolic labelling and offender reform as two processes by which punishments can restore the perception of value consensus and suggest that these processes are integral to justice restoration through punishment when value consensus is a dominant concern. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symbolic self‐completion in academia: evidence from department web pages and email signature files
Authors: Harmon‐Jones Cindy , Schmeichel Brandon J. , Harmon‐Jones Eddie 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSymbolic self‐completion theory proposes that individuals use symbols of attainment to define themselves as accomplished in self‐defining areas and to communicate their accomplishments to others. The goal of the present research was to examine whether individual professors and academic departments strive for symbolic self‐completion when communicating through the Internet. We hypothesized that publications, citations, and departmental rankings by the National Research Council (NRC) represent important indicators of attainment for professors, whereas professional titles (i.e., “doctor,” “professor,” or “Ph.D.”) may serve as alternate symbols of attainment. We predicted that a lack of important indicators of attainment would motivate the display of professional titles in web pages and email signature files. In Study 1, academic departments with less prestigious NRC rankings listed more professional titles on their departmental web pages compared to departments with more prestigious rankings. In Studies 2 and 3, professors with lower annual rates of publications and citations displayed more professional titles in their email signatures compared to professors with higher publication and citation rates. These results suggest that self‐completion motives help to shape naturalistic Internet communications. The results further suggest that analyses of Internet communications can provide externally valid tests of theories concerned with motivation and self‐processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereotypes of singles: are singles what we think?
Authors: Greitemeyer Tobias 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFour studies examined the accuracy of the single stereotype by comparing perceptions of single and partnered targets with self‐ratings and ratings by others of single and partnered participants. Results revealed that single targets were evaluated more negatively than partnered targets in terms of a wide range of personality characteristics, overall well‐being, and satisfaction with relationships status. These findings were very robust and not qualified by target sex, participant sex, and participant relationship status. In contrast, self‐ratings of single and partnered participants were remarkably similar for all personality characteristics as well as overall well‐being, which was corroborated by ratings of participants by others. However, partnered participants were indeed more satisfied with their relationship status than single participants. When all is considered, the single stereotype is largely inaccurate. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are we on a learning curve or a treadmill? The benefits of participative group goal setting become apparent as tasks become increasingly challenging over time
Authors: Haslam S. Alexander , Wegge Jürgen , Postmes Tom 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA large body of research has pointed to the utility of individual and group goal setting as a performance enhancement strategy. However, group goal setting is more complex than individual goal setting as the group context often strengthens the desire for voice and the possibility of resistance. In line with this idea, we test the prediction that goal‐related performance improvements should be more marked where groups participate in goal setting rather than having goals imposed—particularly as they become increasingly hard to achieve. These ideas are tested in two experiments (Ngroups = 27, 72). Both confirm the capacity for group goal setting to enhance brainstorming performance. More importantly, both studies also show that the benefits of participative goals relative to imposed goals becomes more marked as goals become more difficult over time. In line with social identity and self‐categorization principles, we suggest that this is because increases in participatively set goals appear to provide opportunities for collective self‐actualization and self‐enhancement while increases in imposed goals do not. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.