bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Socioeconomic Status, Acute Cardiovascular Hospitalizations, and Mortality in Medicare, 2003 to 2019
Authors: Wadhera Rishi K. , Secemsky Eric A. , Xu Jiaman , Yeh Robert W. , Song Yang , Goldhaber Samuel Z. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Socioeconomically disadvantaged communities in the United States disproportionately experience poor cardiovascular outcomes. Little is known about how hospitalizations and mortality for acute cardiovascular conditions have changed among Medicare beneficiaries in socioeconomically disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged communities over the past 2 decades.

METHODS:
Medicare files were linked with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s social vulnerability index to examine age-sex standardized hospitalizations for myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries ≥65 years of age residing in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities (highest social vulnerability index quintile nationally) and nondisadvantaged communities (all other quintiles) from 2003 to 2019, as well as risk-adjusted 30-day mortality among hospitalized beneficiaries.

RESULTS:
A total of 10 942 483 Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years of age were hospitalized for myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, or pulmonary embolism (mean age, 79.2 [SD, 8.7] years; 53.9% female). Although age-sex standardized myocardial infarction hospitalizations declined in socioeconomically disadvantaged (990–650 per 100 000) and nondisadvantaged communities (950–570 per 100 000) from 2003 to 2019, the gap in hospitalizations between these groups significantly widened (adjusted odds ratio 2003, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.02–1.04]; adjusted odds ratio 2019, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.13–1.16]). There was a similar decline in hospitalizations for heart failure in socioeconomically disadvantaged (2063–1559 per 100 000) and nondisadvantaged communities (1767–1385 per 100 000), as well as for ischemic stroke, but the relative gap did not change for both conditions. In contrast, pulmonary embolism hospitalizations increased in both disadvantaged (146–184 per 100 000) and nondisadvantaged communities (153–184 per 100 000). By 2019, risk-adjusted 30-day mortality was similar between hospitalized beneficiaries from socioeconomically disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged communities for myocardial infarction, heart failure, and ischemic stroke but was higher for pulmonary embolism (odds ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.01–1.20]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Over the past 2 decades, hospitalizations for most acute cardiovascular conditions decreased in both socioeconomically disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged communities, although significant disparities remain, while 30-day mortality is now similar across most conditions.
The Mythography of Socialism in Contemporary Angolan Art
Authors: Siegert Nadine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The period of political socialism (1975–1991) in Angola was relatively short but has left remnants – both as physical and ideological manifestations. These have been also increasingly addressed by artists who revisit and reinvent this political and aesthetic period. This paper looks at contemporary Angolan art's engagement with the ideological power represented by socialism and at the same time analyzes the mystification and “iconization” of its political leaders. Working with the analytical concept of “mythography” introduced by Boris Groys and based on a number of artworks as examples it argues that artists can be considered as mythographers of socialist history by constantly rewriting the myths of socialism.
Socialism in Contemporary African Art: Butchering the End of Time
Authors: Lima Álvaro Luís 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This introductory essay and accompanying special issue of ARTMargins explore the role of African socialisms in contemporary art. Artists looking at Africa's radical history face the challenge of responding to a generalized amnesia about the continent's protagonism on intellectual and political radicalism after 1945. Working with under-researched themes, scarce historical records, and apprehensive oral sources, these artists are often tasked to amplify forgotten pasts while simultaneously critiquing the political contingency of historical investigation in global contemporary art. Global contemporary art—largely shaped by the neoliberal transition that followed the very histories explored by these artists—is often shown in its limitation to engage with socialist history critically. Through the authors’ analyses, many artworks nuance discussion of the erasures, fixed narratives, and nostalgia for Africa's socialist past. Looking to this past, artists attempt to reorganize contemporaneity and its typical disregard for history beyond romanticization. Talho (2014), a work by Mozambican photographer Filipe Branquinho, is analyzed as a case study raising central questions on contemporary artists’ engagement with Africa's socialist past.
Faith and Hinge Epistemology in Calvin’s Institutes
Authors: Smith Nicholas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In mainstream analytic epistemology, Reformed theology has made its presence prominently felt in Reformed epistemology, the view of religious belief according to which religious beliefs can be properly basic and warranted when formed by the proper functioning of the sensus divinitatis, an inborn capacity or faculty for belief in God that can be prompted to generate certain religious beliefs when presented with things (e.g., certain majestic aspects of creation). A major competitor to Reformed epistemology is Wittgensteinian quasi-fideism, a position drawn from the epistemology of Wittgenstein’s On Certainty, according to which some foundational religious commitments are not properly basic beliefs but some kind of apodictic, unshakeable certainties that form part of the structure of one’s rationality and worldview. I argue that the Reformed tradition has contained elements of quasi-fideism at least as far back as Calvin’s account of faith from the Institutes of the Christian Religion, book 3, chapter 2.
The Problem with Authoritarian Populists
Authors: Francois Patrick , Bidner Chris 
Published: April 2024

We assume that even though voters prefer the policies of their favoured leader they value democracy more greatly. This means that voters on both sides of a polarised policy divide would be willing to sacrifice their preferred policy if it would mean preserving democracy. However voters on one side are unsure whether voters on the other side share this commitment to democracy. We show that in such a situation an autocratic populist leader can act in ways that will undermine opposing voters beliefs that the leader’s supporters continue to value democracy. If these beliefs become pessimistic enough, a self-reinforcing cycle of mutual suspicion between voters on opposing sides leads to the inexorable demise of democracy and its replacement by autocratic rule. Understanding this, an elected leader who aspires to rule via non-democratic means may follow such autocratic populist policies in order to entrench their rule. JEL Classifications: D72, P16, P17, P48
Analyzing urban scaling laws in the United States over 115 years
Authors: Burghardt Keith , Uhl Johannes H , Lerman Kristina , Leyk Stefan 
Published: April 2024

The scaling relations between city attributes and population are emergent and ubiquitous aspects of urban growth. Quantifying these relations and understanding their theoretical foundation, however, is difficult due to the challenge of defining city boundaries and a lack of historical data to study city dynamics over time and space. To address this issue, we analyze scaling between city infrastructure and population across 857 metropolitan areas in the conterminous United States over an unprecedented 115 years (1900–2015) using dasymetrically refined historical population estimates, historical urban road network models, and multi-temporal settlement data to define dynamic city boundaries. We demonstrate that urban scaling exponents closely match theoretical models over a century. Despite some close quantitative agreement with theory, the empirical scaling relations unexpectedly vary across regions. Our analysis of scaling coefficients, meanwhile, reveals that contemporary cities use more developed land and kilometers of road than cities of similar population in 1900, which has serious implications for urban development and impacts on the local environment. Overall, our results provide a new way to study urban systems based on novel, geohistorical data.
Regression Method for Rail Fastener Tightness Based on Center-Line Projection Distance Feature and Neural Network
Authors: Wang Yuanhang , Liu Duxin , Guo Sheng , Wu Yifan , Liu Jing , Li Wei , Wang Hongjie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the railway system, fasteners have the functions of damping, maintaining the track distance, and adjusting the track level. Therefore, routine maintenance and inspection of fasteners are important to ensure the safe operation of track lines. Currently, assessment methods for fastener tightness include manual observation, acoustic wave detection, and image detection. There are limitations such as low accuracy and efficiency, easy interference and misjudgment, and a lack of accurate, stable, and fast detection methods. Aiming at the small deformation characteristics and large elastic change of fasteners from full loosening to full tightening, this study proposes high-precision surface-structured light technology for fastener detection and fastener deformation feature extraction based on the center-line projection distance and a fastener tightness regression method based on neural networks. First, the method uses a 3D camera to obtain a fastener point cloud and then segments the elastic rod area based on the iterative closest point algorithm registration. Principal component analysis is used to calculate the normal vector of the segmented elastic rod surface and extract the point on the centerline of the elastic rod. The point is projected onto the upper surface of the bolt to calculate the projection distance. Subsequently, the mapping relationship between the projection distance sequence and fastener tightness is established, and the influence of each parameter on the fastener tightness prediction is analyzed. Finally, by setting up a fastener detection scene in the track experimental base, collecting data, and completing the algorithm verification, the results showed that the deviation between the fastener tightness regression value obtained after the algorithm processing and the actual measured value RMSE was 0.2196 mm, which significantly improved the effect compared with other tightness detection methods, and realized an effective fastener tightness regression.
Combined therapy of dabrafenib and an anti-HER2 antibody–drug conjugate for advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma
Authors: Li Weisong , Zheng Chao , Xu Xi , Xia Yujie , Zhang Kai , Huang Ao , Zhang Xinyu , Zheng Yong , Chen Guofang , Zhang Shuyong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer characterized by its high metastatic potential. In the past decade, targeted and immunotherapy have brought revolutionary survival benefits to patients with advanced and metastatic melanoma, but these treatment responses are also heterogeneous and/or do not achieve durable responses. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies for improving outcomes remain an unmet clinical need. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential and underlying molecular mechanisms of RC48, a novel HER2-target antibody drug conjugate, either alone or in combination with dabrafenib, a V600-mutant BRAF inhibitor, for the treatment of advanced BRAF-mutant cutaneous melanoma.

Methods
We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of RC48, alone or in combination with dabrafenib, in BRAF-mutant cutaneous melanoma cell lines and cell-derived xenograft (CDX) models. We also conducted signaling pathways analysis and global mRNA sequencing to explore mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of the combination therapy.

Results
Our results revealed the expression of membrane-localized HER2 in melanoma cells. RC48 effectively targeted and inhibited the growth of HER2-positive human melanoma cell lines and corresponding CDX models. When used RC48 and dabrafenib synergically induced tumor regression together in human BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines and CDX models. Mechanically, our results demonstrated that the combination therapy induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest while suppressing cell motility in vitro. Furthermore, global RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that the combination treatment led to the downregulation of several key signaling pathways, including the PI3K-AKT pathway, MAPK pathway, AMPK pathway, and FOXO pathway.

Conclusion
These findings establish a preclinical foundation for the combined use of an anti-HER2 drug conjugate and a BRAF inhibitor in the treatment of BRAF-mutant cutaneous melanoma.
Cold-stress induced metabolomic and transcriptomic changes in leaves of three mango varieties with different cold tolerance
Authors: Kong Yu , Hou Xianbin , Liu Zhenglu , Li Yufeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is grown in Hainan, Guangdong, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Fujian provinces and Guanxi autonomous region of China. However, trees growing in these areas suffer severe cold stress during winter, which affects the yield. To this regard, data on global metabolome and transcriptome profiles of leaves are limited. Here, we used combined metabolome and transcriptome analyses of leaves of three mango cultivars with different cold stress tolerance, i.e. Jinhuang (J)—tolerant, Tainung (T) and Guiremang No. 82 (G)—susceptible, after 24 (LF), 48 (MF) and 72 (HF) hours of cold.

Results
A total of 1,323 metabolites belonging to 12 compound classes were detected. Of these, amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, and lipids accumulated in higher quantities after cold stress exposure in the three cultivars. Notably, Jinhuang leaves showed increasing accumulation trends of flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans and coumarins, and alkaloids with exposure time. Among the phytohormones, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid levels decreased, while N6-isopentenyladenine increased with cold stress time. Transcriptome analysis led to the identification of 22,526 differentially expressed genes. Many genes enriched in photosynthesis, antenna proteins, flavonoid, terpenoid (di- and sesquiterpenoids) and alkaloid biosynthesis pathways were upregulated in Jihuang leaves. Moreover, expression changes related to phytohormones, MAPK (including calcium and H2O2), and the ICE-CBF-COR signalling cascade indicate involvement of these pathways in cold stress responses.

Conclusion
Cold stress tolerance in mango leaves is associated with regulation of primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and cytokinins are potential regulators of cold stress responses in mango leaves.
The association of access to green space with low mental distress and general health in older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lyshol Heidi , Johansen Rune 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Access to green space is considered beneficial to mental and physical health, though the causal pathways are not completely clear. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to examine how access to green space was associated with low mental distress and general health among older adults.

Methods
The data in our study stems from a survey from three Norwegian counties in 2015-16, n = 2937. The main exposure variable was self-reported access to green space, and the outcome variables were self-reported mental distress and general health. Logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, education, physical activity, functional disability, access to cultural/sports facilities and economic security was performed to assess the association between the exposure variable and the outcome variables.

Results
Access to green space was associated with both higher odds of low mental distress (Odds Ratio = 3.85**, 95% CI 2.04–6.02) and good general health (OR = 8.20**, 95%CI 5.88–11.49) compared to no access. In models adjusted for sex, age, and education, the ORs were only slightly changed (OR = 4.03**, 95%CI 2.52–6.45) and (OR = 7.91**, 95%CI 5.63–11.13). However, adjusting for general health with low mental distress as outcome, the association was no longer statistically significant; (OR = 1.28 95%CI 0.74–2.21). Adjusting for low mental distress with general health as outcome, the association remained statistically significant; (OR = 3.43** 95%CI 2.34–5.03).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the association between access to green space and mental health may be mediated by general health. This implies that studies of associations between access to green space and mental health must take general health into consideration.
Square-stepping exercise in older inpatients in early geriatric rehabilitation. A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Fränzel Katja , Koschate Jessica , Freiberger Ellen , Shigematsu Ryosuke , Zieschang Tania , Tietgen Svenja 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Preservation of mobility and fall prevention have a high priority in geriatric rehabilitation. Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) as an evaluated and standardized program has been proven to be an effective training for older people in the community setting to reduce falls and improve subjectively perceived health status. This randomized controlled trial (RCT), for the first time, examines SSE in the context of inpatient early geriatric rehabilitation compared to conventional physiotherapy (cPT).

Methods
Data were collected in a general hospital in the department of acute geriatric care at admission and discharge. Fifty-eight inpatients were randomized to control (CG, n = 29) or intervention groups (IG, n = 29). CG received usual care with cPT five days per week during their hospital stay. For the IG SSE replaced cPT for at least six sessions, alternating with cPT. Physical function was measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Timed “Up & Go” (TUG). Gait speed was measured over a distance of 10 m. In a subgroup (n = 17) spatiotemporal gait parameters were analyzed via a GAITRite® system.

Results
Both the SPPB total score improved significantly (p =  < 0.001) from baseline to discharge in both groups, as did the TUG (p < 0.001). In the SPPB Chair Rise both groups improved with a significant group difference in favor of the IG (p = 0.031). For both groups gait characteristics improved: Gait speed (p =  < 0.001), walk ratio (p = 0.011), step length (p =  < 0.001), stride length (p =  < 0.001) and double support (p = 0.009). For step length at maximum gait speed (p = 0.054) and stride length at maximum gait speed (p = 0.060) a trend in favor of the IG was visible.

Conclusions
SSE in combination with a reduced number of sessions of cPT is as effective as cPT for inpatients in early geriatric rehabilitation to increase physical function and gait characteristics. In the Chair Rise test SSE appears to be superior. These results highlight that SSE is effective, and may serve as an additional component for cPT for older adults requiring geriatric acute care.

Trial Registration
DRKS00026191.
Quality of palliative and end-of-life care: a quantitative study of temporal trends and differences according to illness trajectories in Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Duhoux Arnaud , Allard Emilie , Hamel Denis , Sasseville Martin , Dumaine Sarah , Gabet Morgane , Guertin Marie-Hélène 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Our aim was to assess temporal trends and compare quality indicators related to Palliative and End-of-Life Care (PEoLC) experienced by people dying of cancer (trajectory I), organ-failure (Trajectory II), and frailty/dementia (trajectory III) in Quebec (Canada) between 2002 and 2016.

Methods
This descriptive population-based study focused on the last month of life of decedents who, based on the principal cause of death, would have been likely to benefit from palliative care. Five PEoLC indicators were assessed: home deaths (1), deaths in acute care beds with no PEoLC services (2), at least one Emergency Room (ER) visit in the last 14 days of life (3), ER visits on the day of death (4) and at least one Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission in the last month of life (5). Data were obtained from Quebec’s Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System (QICDSS).

Results
The annual percentage of home deaths increased slightly between 2002 and 2016 in Quebec, rising from 7.7 to 9.1%, while the percentage of death during a hospitalization in acute care without palliative care decreased from 39.6% in 2002 to 21.4% in 2016. Patients with organ failure were more likely to visit the ER on the day of death (20.9%) than patients dying of cancer and dementia/frailty with percentages of 12.0% and 6.4% respectively. Similar discrepancies were observed for ICU visits in the last month and ER visits in the last 14 days.

Conclusion
PEoLC indicators showed more aggressiveness of care for patients with organ failure and highlight the need for more equitable access to quality PEoLC between malignant and non-malignant illness trajectories. These results underline the challenges of providing timely and optimal PEoLC.
The mediating role of cardiac patients’ perception of nursing care on the relationship between kinesiophobia, anxiety and depression in rural hospitals: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Atta Mohamed Hussein Ramadan , Elsayed Shimmaa Mohamed , Shurafi Sharaf Omar Al , Eweida Rasha Salah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Kinesiophobia could act as a significant barrier against physical activity following cardiac procedures worsening cardiovascular health problems and potentially leading to conditions like hospital-acquired anxiety and depression among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nurses are the vanguard health care team who can aid patients in taking proactive steps to overcome fear of movement following cardiac procedures.

Aim
The overarching aim is to investigate the relationship between kinesiophobia, anxiety and depression, and patients’ perception of nursing care.

Method
A descriptive correlational research design in two rural hospitals, conducted at cardiac intensive care units of Kafr Eldawar Hospital and Damanhur Medical National Institute. Data were collected from 265 nurses, using the following patient-reported outcome measures, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Person-Centered Critical Care Nursing Questionnaire (PCCNP) and the patients’ demographic and clinical profile.

Result
A significant negative correlation was found between HADS and PCCNP (r: -0.510, p < 0.001) however, Kinesiophobia was significantly and positively correlated (r: 0.271, p < 0.001). A direct effect of PCCNP in the presence of the mediator was found to be not statistically significant (-0.015, CR = 0.302, p = 0.763). Nonetheless, PCCNP indirectly affects kinesiophobia through HADS (p=-0.099).

Implication for nursing practice
Customizing individualized cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs based on the emotional experience of cardiac patients will be conducive to rehabilitation and prognosis for patients, thereby lessening the physical burden and improving their quality of life.