bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Araceae diversity in Universitas Sumatera Utara’s arboretum
Authors: Susilowati Arida , Elfiati Deni , Ginting Nurindah , Ginting Ida Mallia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Arboretum is a green space established for conservation and educational purposes. Over time, the USU arboretum became a complex ecosystem with various species appearing in it, one of which is the Araceae family. The aim of the research is to investigate the diversity of Araceae at the USU Arboretum. To determine the diversity and abundance of Araceae, a census was used in this study. Eight species of Araceae, including Dieffenbachia bowmanii, Alocasia macrorrhizos, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, Caladium bicolor, Colocasia esculenta, Lasia spinosa, Syngonium podophyllum, and Typhonium blumei, are found in the arboretum. With a Relative Density (RD) of 59.41%, C. esculenta was the species that attained the highest density. The species diversity and evenness indices were classified as low with values obtained respectively of 0.75 and 0.36, while the species dominance index was classified as high (C=0.80).
Potential and distribution of Sikkam trees (Bischofia javanica Blume) in Sibolangit Nature Park, Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Rambey Ridahati , Sitio Abednego , Rahmawaty  , Suratman Mohd Nazip , Rauf Abdul , Mauli Nababan Esther Sorta , Delvian  , Ismail Mohd Hasmadi , Gendaseca Seca , Sutomo  , Simanjuntak Cindy Romyani 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Vegetation analysis in forest areas is intended to determine the vegetation structure of an area, species composition, and distribution patterns. Sibolangit Nature Tourism Park (SNTP) is an area that has various types of flora including cycad trees (Bischofia javanica Blume). This study aims to analyze the potential of Sikkam trees, analyze the association of Sikkam trees (B. javanica Blume) with other vegetation in their habitat and evaluate the distribution of cycad trees (B. javanica Blume) in Sibolangit Nature Park (SNP), Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. The method used in this study is the path method with a plot line with a path length of 20 m x 20 m on the path placed several measuring plots. For vegetation analysis data is done by making a plot size of 2 x 2 meters as many as 62 plots. Information on the distribution of cycad trees is obtained by storing the coordinates of cycad trees on GPS. The potential population of cycad trees is divided into 4 levels, namely at the seedling, sapling, pole and tree levels. Plant species associated with cycad trees were found to be 17 tree species where the highest association was found in Suren (Toona sureni) and Tampu Balik Angin (Mallotus paniculatus), while the lowest association was found in Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus). The distribution of sikkam trees in Sibolangit SNP obtained 7 distribution points.
Spatial distribution of flood vulnerability in Belawan Watershed, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Slamet Bejo , Anggraini Novita , Akbar Muhammad Syawal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Flooding is one of the natural disasters that often occurs in Indonesia, especially during the rainy season. Floods cause losses in the form of casualties and economic losses. Mapping the distribution of flood vulnerability in a watershed area is essential to mitigating flooding and reducing disaster risk. The Belawan watershed is one of the watersheds that must recover its carrying capacity, and floods often occur in this area. This study uses geographic information systems to identify the spatial distribution of flood vulnerability in the Belawan watershed. The method used is by weighting and scoring the parameters of slope, elevation, rainfall, soil type, distance from the river, and land cover. The results showed five classes of flood vulnerability. Upstream areas show low flood vulnerability, while downstream areas have high flood vulnerability. Moderate vulnerability dominates the Belawan watershed, especially in areas with flat to gentle slopes with elevations below 50 meters.
Identification of microplastics in the digestive tract of Great Egret (Egretta alba) in Percut Sei Tuan, North Sumatra
Authors: Jumilawaty Erni , Yunasfi  , Munir Erman , Khairunnisa  , Dewinta Astrid Fauzia , Abdillah Nasution Ahmad Luthfi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Microplastics are plastic waste particles that enter aquatic environments and subsequently break down into smaller fragments. The presence of microplastics in aquatic birds can lead to reduced fat deposits, increased chemical toxicity, physical damage to the intestines, and negative impacts on reproduction and survival, especially for species that feed in aquatic areas. Tanjung Rejo is a significant stopover site for waterbirds and an ecotourism destination. The objective of this research was to analyze and identify the shape, color, and size of microplastics in the digestive tract of great egrets found in Percut Sei Tuan. The results indicated that the great egrets (Egretta alba) had 15 microplastic particles in their stomachs and 13 particles in their intestines, with fibers or microfibers being the most common type of microplastics. The presence of microplastics in both the stomach and intestines shows that the birds are contaminated by plastic waste, reflecting significant pollution in their environment. This contamination threatens animal health, causing issues from organ damage to physical deformities. It is essential to address this pollution to protect and restore ecosystems, ensuring the survival of the wildlife within them.
Natural tourism development strategies using SWOT analysis in Telagah Village, Langkat Regency
Authors: Fadhilla Suri , Latifah Siti , Simatupang Gusto Piatama 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Identification of natural tourism potential in the Telagah Village area is one of the important things to do, to find out the distribution of natural tourism and plan its development strategy. After the eruption of Mount Sinabung in 2010 until now, many tourist attractions have emerged that rely on the panorama of Mount Sinabung as a tourist attraction. This study aims to mapping the natural tourism potential in Telagah Village using GIS and development strategy using the SWOT approach. The tool used in determining tourist attraction development strategies is using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats). Telagah Village has natural tourist attractions that are well managed, namely Svarga Simelir, Pamah View, Pamah Simelir Cottage, Jendela Bambu Leuser, Rumah Ladang, Danau Karona Sakti and Taman Wisata Syari Simelir. The strategy that can be applied in the natural tourism area around Telagah Village is the SO (Strength/Opportunity) strategy.
Applying Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology to determine land cover in Pabatu Village, Padang Hulu District, Tebing Tinggi, North Sumatra
Authors: Arinah Hafizah , Afifah Nur 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Classifying land cover is one of the many fields in which remote sensing has found extensive application. Pabatu Village, located in the Padang Hulu Sub-district of Tebing Tinggi City, North Sumatra Province, is situated within the PTPN-IV plantation area and is bisected by the Trans-Sumatra Highway. As a result, the neighbourhood grew and businesses opened up, providing food and other necessities to the locals, who depend on PTPN-IV, including farmers and plantation workers. The purpose of this study is to categorize the classification of land cover in Pabatu Village and the characteristics of each land cover in Pabatu Village. Drone were used to take aerial photos in the Pabatu village area for the research. Orthophoto data from Agisoft Metashape software was then used to visually interpret and map visually using orthophoto data. According to the study’s findings, Pabatu Village has 12 different land cover classifications that can be recognized visually using field checks, data collection, and field observations in addition to 9 elements of interpretation (color, hue, dimensions, shadow, place, texture, pattern, shape, and association). The twelve categories of land cover that have been identified are water body, shrub, street, field, yard, settlement, graveyard, agriculture, mixed dry land farming, gas station, open land, and vegetation.
Introduction
Authors: Jansen Laura 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This introduction brings into critical relief Sontag’s tangent connections with antiquity. It begins with a preface composed in 1996, in which Sontag looks back on her profile as a writer, her insatiable pursuit of knowledge, and the intellectual passion that feeds into her work. This section, moreover, establishes a first tangent point of contact between Sontag’s erotic approach to writing and knowledge and poet-classicist Anne Carson’s writings on ancient and modern eros, which Sontag happens to admire deeply. The discussion next turns to the concepts of tangentiality and obliquity and, in particular, how these idioms offer a prism through which to capture the tenor and inflections of Sontag’s classicism, together with the similarly oblique approaches that this volume adopts. A related section then compares the tangent forms of reading explored throughout this study with the rubric of reception. It raises the question of whether the essays in this volume should be considered contributions to classical reception studies, or whether they are better understood as exercises in tangent connectivity, more in tune with recent research on parallel, indirect, and/or (nearly) contactless modes of comparison. This introduction closes with an outline of the volume’s thematic scope and aims.
The Morality of Style
Authors: Gramps Adrien 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This essay explores a tangential crossing of paths between Sontag and the younger Seneca on the topic of style and its relation to the ethical. Sontag’s essay ‘On Style’ challenges the subordination of style to content in contemporary criticism, proposing that the abstraction of ‘content’ as separable from style (and form) creates a false dichotomy which fails to do justice to our experience of art. This essay argues that Seneca proves an unlikely ally for this project in his Moral Letters, which can be read as a discursive enactment of philosophical ‘stylishness’.
Heterogenous long-term health and social outcomes of type 1 diabetes - A full population 30-year observational cohort study
Authors: Hiilamo Aapo , Metsä-Simola Niina , Dierker Philipp , Martikainen Pekka , Myrskyla Mikko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is known to have adverse long-term health and social outcomes, but the modifying factors are largely unknown. We investigate to what extent T1D outcomes are modified by area-, household-, and individual-level social and economic characteristics in Finland. National registers from 1987 to 2020 were used to identify all 3,048 children with T1D diagnosed at age seven to 17 and matched controls (n=78,883). Using causal forests, we estimated the average association between T1D and adult health, social, and economic outcomes at ages 28-30, and the modifying roles of more than 30 covariates. Individuals with T1D were more likely to be deceased (2.3% vs. 0.9% in the control group), to use antidepressants (17% vs. 13%), and to be unpartnered (36% vs. 32%), and had more months of unemployment (1.18 vs. 1.02) and lower annual income (25,697 euros vs. 27,453 euros), but not significantly lower educational attainment (10.8% vs. 10.3% with only basic education). T1D had a heterogenous association with all outcomes except mortality and income, but no specific population subgroup was vulnerable across all outcomes. However, women with T1D had particularly high rates of antidepressant use, and individuals from low socioeconomic families were more likely to be unpartnered.
Legumes vary strongly in their quality as hosts for parasitic plants: interactions between the root hemiparasite Rhinanthus alectorolophus and 30 legume species
Authors: Moncalvillo B , Sandner T M , Matthies D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and aims
Host identity can strongly affect the performance of root hemiparasitic plants. Legumes have frequently been observed to be particularly beneficial hosts and it has been suggested that they are in general good hosts due to their association with rhizobia, but exceptions have been observed.

Methods
We studied the interactions of the root hemiparasite Rhinanthus alectorolophus with 30 legume species. We related parasite performance and morphology to traits of uninfected hosts and the number and size of haustoria. We also analysed sections of haustoria quantitatively using morphometrics.

Key results
There was enormous variation in the biomass and other traits of R. alectorolophus with the different legume species. The suitability of a legume species as a host had a significant phylogenetic component (Pagel's λ= 0.51). Parasite performance increased with the biomass of uninfected hosts. In contrast, host root traits explained little of the variation in parasite performance and there was no anatomical evidence of defence against infection. Parasite biomass was very strongly and positively related to the number of haustoria formed, but part of the variation due to host identity could not be explained by the host traits studied and the number of haustoria, suggesting a role for variation in the quality of compounds provided by the hosts. Damage to the hosts increased with mean parasite mass, but some legumes were tolerant of parasite attack. Sensitivity of the hosts to parasitism showed only a very weak phylogenetic signal (λ &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Legumes are not universally good hosts for root hemiparasites. Instead their quality as hosts ranges from very beneficial to very poor. Moreover, clades within the legumes differ in their suitability as hosts for hemiparasites. Parasites grow best with fast growing legumes that quickly produce large root systems with which many and large haustoria are formed.
Stretch regulation of β2-Adrenoceptor signalling in cardiomyocytes requires caveolae
Authors: Fu Jiarong , Mansfield Catherine , Diakonov Ivan , Judina Aleksandra , Delahaye Matthew , Bhogal Navneet , Sanchez-Alonso Jose L , Kamp Timothy , Gorelik Julia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
Caveolin-3 is essential for the formation of caveolae in cardiomyocytes. Caveolar microdomains have been shown to regulate the distribution of signalling proteins such as beta-adrenoceptors (βAR) and may act as membrane reserves to protect the cell from damage during the mechanical stretch. Myocardial stretch occurs during haemodynamic overload and may be normal (e.g. exercise) or pathological (e.g. heart failure); therefore, it is important to understand the effect of stretch on signalling pathways associated with mechanosensitive structures, such as caveolae. In this study, we investigate the role of caveolae in regulating the effect of stretch on βAR-signalling.

Methods and results
We used osmotic swelling of isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes as a method to stretch the cell membrane and investigate the effect of βAR stimulation on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) activity and contractility. βAR response was measured using a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer reporter for the second messenger cAMP and using CytoCypher for the measurement of cell contractility. β1AR and β2AR blockers were used to selectively allow stimulation of β2AR and β1AR, respectively. We also investigated the effect of stretch on βAR response to isoprenaline stimulation in left ventricular trabeculae dissected from control and cardiac-specific caveolin-3 knock-out mice (Cav3KO). Stretching trabeculae produces increased baseline adenylyl cyclase activity and a higher level of cAMP and a greater β2AR-induced positive inotropy after stimulation of the β2AR but not β1AR, by isoprenaline. Similar findings were confirmed for isolated myocytes subjected to hypoosmotic conditions. In isolated cardiomyocytes, caveolae depletion using methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or Cav3KO abolished the increase in β2AR response induced by stretch.

Conclusion
Our study reveals a stretch-regulation of the β2AR signalling pathway, which requires functional caveolae. This indicates caveolae are mechanosensitive membrane domains that undergo structural and functional changes in response to stretch, thus leading to mechanical regulation of caveolae-associated signalling pathways.
Detecting deviations from Kingman coalescence using 2-site frequency spectra
Authors: Fenton Eliot F , Rice Daniel P , Novembre John , Desai Michael M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Demographic inference methods in population genetics typically assume that the ancestry of a sample can be modeled by the Kingman coalescent. A defining feature of this stochastic process is that it generates genealogies that are binary trees: no more than 2 ancestral lineages may coalesce at the same time. However, this assumption breaks down under several scenarios. For example, pervasive natural selection and extreme variation in offspring number can both generate genealogies with “multiple-merger” events in which more than 2 lineages coalesce instantaneously. Therefore, detecting violations of the Kingman assumptions (e.g. due to multiple mergers) is important both for understanding which forces have shaped the diversity of a population and for avoiding fitting misspecified models to data. Current methods to detect deviations from Kingman coalescence in genomic data rely primarily on the site frequency spectrum (SFS). However, the signatures of some non-Kingman processes (e.g. multiple mergers) in the SFS are also consistent with a Kingman coalescent with a time-varying population size. Here, we present a new statistical test for determining whether the Kingman coalescent with any population size history is consistent with population data. Our approach is based on information contained in the 2-site joint frequency spectrum (2-SFS) for pairs of linked sites, which has a different dependence on the topologies of genealogies than the SFS. Our statistical test is global in the sense that it can detect when the genome-wide genetic diversity is inconsistent with the Kingman model, rather than detecting outlier regions, as in selection scan methods. We validate this test using simulations and then apply it to demonstrate that genomic diversity data from Drosophila melanogaster is inconsistent with the Kingman coalescent.
Fecal indicator bacteria and sewage-associated marker genes are associated with nitrate and environmental parameters in two Florida freshwater systems
Authors: Brandt Amanda M , Senkbeil Jacob K , Lobos Aldo E , Defillips Carley , Lewis David B , Harwood Valerie J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
Identify relationships among microbial variables [fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and microbial source tracking (MST) marker genes] and nutrients to improve source identification in two polluted, freshwater streams in Florida.

Methods and results
Water and sediment were sampled at Bullfrog Creek (BFC) and Sweetwater Creek (SWC), which varied in land use and expected sources of fecal pollution. Escherichia coli and enterococci were cultured, sewage-associated HF183 and bird-associated GFD genetic markers were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and organic and inorganic nutrients were analyzed. Escherichia coli and enterococci exceeded recreational water quality criteria in 47% and 85% of samples, respectively, at less urbanized BFC, and in 8% and 62% of samples at more urbanized SWC. HF183, but not GFD, was positively associated with surface water nitrate by multivariate analysis and binary logistic regression. Sediment organic matter was lowest at urbanized sites in both streams and inversely associated with surface water FIB.

Conclusions
Measuring nutrients alongside FIB and MST revealed that nitrate levels in water, but not phosphorus or organic carbon levels, were predictive of sewage pollution.
Every Gain Comes With Loss: Ecological and Physiological Shifts Associated With Polyploidization in a Pygmy Frog
Authors: Chen Qiheng , Zhu Wei , Chang Liming , Zhang Meihua , Wang Shouhong , Liu Jiongyu , Lu Ningning , Li Cheng , Xie Feng , Wang Bin , Jiang Jianping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Polyploidization plays a pivotal role in vertebrate evolution and diversification. However, the effects of polyploidization on animals across various biological levels, and how these differences drive ecological shifts, remain unclear. Through karyotype analysis and whole-genome sequencing, we identified an autotetraploid Microhyla fissipes from Hainan Island, which shows reproductive isolation and geographic differentiation from its diploid counterpart. Tetraploids exhibited larger cell size, improved tadpole growth rates, and greater whole-body size, along with reduced cell cycle activity. Rather than being simple scaled-up diploids, tetraploids showed shifts in physiological performance, organ allometry, gene expression profiles, and metabolic patterns. Tetraploid adults demonstrated superior jumping ability and increased reproductive investment (e.g. larger gonads and steeper slopes in the relationship between gonadal weight and body weight), suggesting a potential competitive advantage over diploids. However, tetraploids exhibited higher energy expenditure at elevated temperatures, reduced hepatic energy storage, and altered pulmonary regulatory metabolites at 25 °C. Males had smaller relative heart sizes, and females showed flatter slopes in the relationship between heart and lung weight and body weight, indicating reduced investment in cardiopulmonary system. These variations suggest an increased risk of metabolic constraints under heat stress, putting tetraploids at a disadvantage in warmer regions. Importantly, the physiological tradeoffs associated with polyploidization help explain the geographical differentiation between diploids and tetraploids, which reflects a climatic boundary, with tetraploids occupying cooler northeastern areas. Our findings identify an autotetraploid frog, report the first autotetraploid genome in amphibians, and demonstrate how vertebrate polyploids physiologically and ecologically diverge from their diploid counterparts.