bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil zinc application decreases arsenic and increases zinc accumulation in grains of zinc-biofortified wheat cultivars
Authors: Basit Ammara , Hussain Shahid 
Published: March 2024

Context Arsenic (As) is a noxious metalloid for plants, animals and humans. Elevated levels of As in soils may cause it to accumulate to above-permissible levels in wheat grains, posing a threat to human health. Moreover, vulnerable population groups in developing countries have inadequate dietary zinc (Zn) linked to cereal-based diets. Aims The present study evaluated the effect of soil Zn application on accumulation of As and Zn in grains of two Zn-biofortified wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Akbar-2019 and Zincol-2016). Methods Wheat plants were grown on an alkaline calcareous soil spiked with three levels of As (0, 5 and 25 mg kg−1). Before sowing, two rates of Zn (0 and 8 mg kg−1) were also applied to the soil. Key results Arsenic spiking in soil decreased plant dry matter yield, chlorophyll pigments, and phosphorus (P) and Zn accumulation, and increased As accumulation in wheat. By contrast, soil Zn application enhanced crop yield and increased P and Zn accumulation, with a simultaneous decrease in As accumulation in both cultivars. Compared with the Zn control, soil Zn application decreased grain As concentration by 26%, 30% and 32% for plants grown in soil spiked with 0, 5 and 25 mg As kg−1, respectively. Conclusions Applying Zn to As-spiked soil mitigates the harmful effects of As by increasing Zn and decreasing As concentrations in wheat, resulting in improved grain quality for human consumption. Implications Zinc application to crop plants should be recommended for addressing the health implications associated with As-contaminated crops and human Zn deficiency.
Jacques van Ginneken and Significs
Authors: Elffers Els 
Published: March 2024

Summary
In the early 1920s, the Dutch linguist Jacques van Ginneken S. J. (1877–1945) was involved in Significs, an
idealistic-linguistic movement. He joined the group despite his objections against language reform, which was a central signific
goal. The curious combination of Van Ginneken’s considerable impact on the movement and the tensions between this Jesuit linguist
and his co-significians, brilliant intellectuals and social idealists, calls for further analysis. In this article, Van Ginneken’s
contribution to Significs and his complicated role in the movement will be discussed in some detail. Special attention will be
paid to the position of Van Ginneken and the leading significians in the contemporary multi-faceted transition from linguistic
psychologism to linguistic anti-psychologism. Both parties adopted a prominently psychologistic program, which entailed some
shared focuses of interest. However, they combined this with very diverse anti-psychologistic elements, which widened the gap
between them.
The role of identification criteria in language
Authors: Ivašković Igor 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The article presents the criteria employed in distinguishing languages and, within the framework of structuralist
and sociolinguistic perspectives, delves into the role of identification criteria in the context of the Croatian language. Through
a critical analysis of the interpretation of various criteria in Croatian linguistics, the article uncovers the issue of
arbitrariness in language differentiation. The author asserts that, as a product of society, language cannot exist without its
specific cultural context and, therefore, concurs with the thesis that language is inevitably influenced by politics. Within the
scope of the Croatian language, the article examines several differentiation criteria, including structural, genetic,
standardization, mutual intelligibility, and, notably, the identification criterion. The latter appears to be the least ambiguous,
aligning with the principle that a language belongs to the entire community of its speakers. However, practical application raises
certain challenges.
Authenticating otherness
Authors: Song Ge 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chinese painting is a foreign other to the Anglo-American world. This article explores how Chinese thinking on painting is
translated into English and what implications it carries for the English translation of Chinese traditional culture in general.
Early Chinese Texts on Painting, an academic book targeting academics and China enthusiasts, is taken as a case study.
Using the notion of cultural translation as a theoretical foundation, this study finds that three strategies are used to translate Chinese
painting into English: pluralizing meanings of key notions, contextualizing otherness through the recurrence of Taoist, Confucian, and
Chinese literary ideas, and restructuring temporal and thematic ideas. These findings imply that cultural authenticity of foreign otherness
can be approximated despite temporal, cultural, and linguistic distances. This study seeks to provide new answers to generic questions about
the role of language in cross-cultural studies.
A new gravitational theory and dark matter problem
Authors: Zhao Xiong , Ma Yongge 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We propose a new gravitational theory with torsion based on Riemann–Cartan geometry, in which all physical quantities are dynamical. In addition to the spacetime metric, the gravitational degrees of freedom in this theory also include the torsion and two scalar fields. The energy-momentum tensor of the matter fields in this theory is also proposed. A spherically symmetric static vacuum solution of the theory is obtained. It turns out that this solution can fit the observational data of the rotation curve outside the stellar disk in the Milky Way. Therefore, the galactic dark matter may just be the gravitational effect of the theory with torsion.
Photometric Analysis for Asteroid (81) Terpsichore using Convex Inversion and Phase Function Fitting Methods
Authors: Wang Ao , Wang Xiaobin , Xu Xiaoyun , Qin Longhua , Gao Quangui , Li Huaizhen , Xiao Yong , Zhao Hairu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The shapes and rotation states (periods and pole orientations) of main-belt asteroids are important for understanding their formation and evolution. In order to obtain sufficient photometric data covering different apparitions for asteroid (81) Terpsichore, ground-based photometric observations in 2020 and 2021 were carried out. By combining published and newly obtained photometric data, we calculated the shape and spin parameters for (81) Terpsichore using the convex inversion method. With this method, we have derived a best fitted pole orientation— (

22.2

±

3.1

3.3

◦

,
17.5

±

5.5

10.8

◦

) with a spin period of 10.94

±

0.01

0.01

h. Based on the derived convex shape of (81) Terpsichore, we have fitted the H, G
1, G
2 phase function using the calibrated TESS data and Gaia data after accounting for the lightcurve amplitude correction. As a result, we have derived its absolute magnitude H = 8.68

±

0.19

0.22

mag with corresponding phase function parameters G
1 = 0.82

±

0.10

0.09

and G
2 = 0.02

±

0.02

0.03

.
Close Major-merger Pairs at z = 0: Star-forming Galaxies with Pseudobulges
Authors: He 何 Chuan 川 , Xu 徐 Cong 聪 , Lisenfeld Ute , Dai 戴 Yu Sophia 昱 , Fang 方 Taotao 陶陶 , Huang 黄 Jiasheng 家声 , Wang 王 Wei 炜 , Yu 余 Qingzheng 清正 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a study of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) with pseudobulges (bulges with Sérsic index n < 2) in a local close major-merger galaxy pair sample (H-KPAIR). With data from new aperture photometries in the optical and near-infrared bands (aperture size of 7 kpc) and from the literature, we find that the mean Age of central stellar populations in Spirals with pseudobulges is consistent with that of disky galaxies and is nearly constant against the bulge-to-total ratio (B/T). Paired Spirals have a slightly lower fraction of pure disk galaxies (B/T ≤ 0.1) than their counterparts in the control sample. Compared to SFGs with classical bulges, those with pseudobulges have a higher (>2σ) mean of specific star formation rate (sSFR) enhancement (sSFRenh = 0.33 ± 0.07 versus sSFRenh = 0.12 ± 0.06) and broader scatter (by ∼1 dex). The eight SFGs that have the highest sSFRenh in the sample all have pseudobulges. A majority (69%) of paired SFGs with strong enhancement (having sSFR more than 5 times the median of the control galaxies) have pseudobulges. The Spitzer data show that the pseudobulges in these galaxies are tightly linked to nuclear/circum-nuclear starbursts. Pseudobulge SFGs in S+S and in S+E pairs have significantly (>3σ) different sSFR enhancement, with the means of sSFRenh = 0.45 ± 0.08 and −0.04 ± 0.11, respectively. We find a decrease in the sSFR enhancements with the density of the environment for SFGs with pseudobulges. Since a high fraction (5/11) of pseudobulge SFGs in S+E pairs are in rich groups/clusters (local density N1Mpc ≥ 7), the dense environment might be the cause for their low sSFRenh.
Experimental research regarding the autonomy of electric cars in real driving conditions
Authors: Nișulescu V , Ivan F , Toma M F , Bancă G , Rențea C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Currently, almost all car manufacturers have in the production scheme at least one vehicle model with a hybrid or electric energy source. This fact is generated by the high interest in the market related to the subsidies offered to the purchase by the states but also by the high performance in terms of pollution, noise, and economy, which they can achieve. The only performance indicator which for the moment is not at a satisfactory level is represented by autonomy. At this point, the electric cars have an autonomy between 250 and 800 km driven after a single charge of the traction battery. It should be mentioned though that, the autonomy of electric vehicles declared by European manufacturers is obtained in laboratory conditions, these being carried out in accordance with the provisions of the European Union regulations. Obviously, there are significant differences between the electric autonomy obtained in laboratory conditions and the autonomy obtained in real driving conditions. These differences are related to the ideal test conditions achieved at the laboratory level and which cannot be fully found in real driving conditions. Starting from these premises, in a first part of the paper, are presented the theoretical arguments regarding the determination of autonomy in real driving conditions with a driving profile specific to the RDE testing and are described the technical details of the electric vehicle under investigation. In the second part of the paper, are presented the results of the experimental research for the three driving zones specific to the RDE testing: driving in the urban zone, driving in the rural zone, and driving on the motorway. The downward evolution of the state of charge of the traction battery for each driving zone is shown graphically. Following the processing, analysis and interpretation of the data acquired from the car electronic control units, are formulated conclusions regarding the causes that influence the electric autonomy.
Considerations on reducing emissions by increasing the use of electric vehicles in urban area
Authors: Vilcan A , Nicolae V , Martin I , Istrate M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The pace between city development, increasing number of working places and emissions control is a challenge nowadays in urban environment. The gradual increase of electric cars ownership is essential for reducing the emissions level in urban areas. The city policy is of high importance for encouraging the use of electric cars, especially for trip purposes to work and business. The paper deals with the effects of increasing the fleet of electric vehicles on the emissions level in urban areas. The effect of considering a certain share of electric car trips to work and business is analyzed. Considering this, the concept of “green city corridors” can be introduced and considered as a priority for the transport policy in urban areas.
Analysis of metal content in the lubricating oils used in truck diesel engines
Authors: Niculescu R , Nastase M , Negrea D , Zaharia C , Clenci A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The lubricating oil of an internal combustion engine (I.C.E.) performs several functions with a major contribution to the reliability of the system, which involves proper operation during the operating period. Changing the engine oil early or late could generate additional costs and/or damage the engine’s performance. Thus, it becomes necessary to periodically analyse the oil used in the engine. In this work, the authors propose to analyse the metal content of the used engine oil and, based on the results obtained, to issue maintenance strategies. Samples taken from a number of 43 DAF trucks equipped with the same type of engine, MX - 11 330 H2, EURO 6, which use the same assortment of 10W30 oil, were analysed.
Experimental research on vehicles equipped with a GMP Hybrid for the new Euro 7 emissions standard
Authors: Bancǎ Gh , Ivan F , Toma M , Nişulescu V , Micu D A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With the increase the number of vehicles on European roads, the road transport has become the biggest source of air pollution in the cities of the old continent. According to European Commission estimates in 2018, more than 39% of NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions and 10% of PM2.5 and PM10 emissions (mechanical particles with diameters of 2.5 and 10 micrometers) were attributed to road transport. It is known that, in order to limit to some extent, the uncontrolled increase in harmful emissions from road vehicles, the European Commission has gradually introduced new pollution standards to be met by manufacturers of new vehicles. In the second half of 2022, the Commission presented a new proposal to reduce pollutant emissions from new vehicles sold in the European Union (EU), defining the new Euro 7 pollution standards. Compared to Euro 6 by 2035, according to European Commission estimates, these new Euro 7 standards, together with a progressive increase in the number of electric vehicles sold, aim to reduce pollutant emissions from private vehicles and vans by around 35% for NOx emissions and around 13% for particulate emissions. Therefore, both the Euro 7 and CO2 emissions standard (CAFE) for vehicles have been designed to improve air quality in cities and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including by increasing the use of electric vehicles. Starting from this hypothesis, the first part of the paper presents the experimental model developed in the AMESim simulation platform of a mid-size vehicle equipped with a hybrid GMP, tested on a roller bench, which simulates pollutant emissions in this new Euro 7 standard. In the second part of the paper, the simulation results and possible causes influencing hybrid GMP behavior leading to the evolution of pollutant emissions are analyzed. Finally, the paper formulates conclusions on the evolution of pollutant emissions.
Biogas from wastewater’s sludge as potential resource for transportation. Experimental approach.
Authors: Bacos T B , Cioabla A E , Popescu F , Vintilă T , Borborean A T 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Considering growing energy requirements and the quest for self-sufficiency in energy sources, the utilization of waste-derived materials has surged in various fields of research in recent years. Within this framework, waste waters, sludge, or slurries, biodegradable substances, second-generation effluents, and the resulting by-products have emerged as crucial substrates of interest to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion (AD). The objective is to employ these materials as the foundation for generating renewable energy, ultimately establishing them as the primary energy source for households or industries. This paper endeavours to assess, both physically and chemically, the waste industrial and urban wastewaters sourced from west Banat region as a foundational substrate material for co-fermentation alongside residual biomass from cereals. The results obtained are presented.
Determining the mechanical characteristics of some tensile specimens, depending on the material and the printing position
Authors: Babiş C , Dimitrescu A , Fica S A , Stochioiu C , Vlăsceanu D , Baciu F , Chivu O R , Enache IC 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
3D printing is finding more and more applications in the industrial field and represents a modern additive manufacturing process based on a digital model. There are a number of advantages of additive manufacturing through 3D printing compared to classic manufacturing processes. Additive manufacturing through 3D printing allows material savings compared to classic manufacturing processes. Material consumption is punctual according to the project, without unnecessary losses and excess material. Through additive manufacturing, the design can be optimized in the sense that rapid changes can be made to the prototype in the CAD file. Also, through additive manufacturing through 3D printing, the principle of sustainability is promoted. We can say that additive manufacturing through 3D printing ensures rapid prototyping, which leads to the development of new products, shortens the design and manufacturing cycle, improves the quality and precision of models, eliminates costly mistakes, and optimizes the way of collaboration between engineers, marketing departments and sales and management team. In addition to these advantages, it must be seen if the 3D printed elements can replace the elements manufactured by classical methods in terms of mechanical resistance. In this sense, an investigation of some mechanical properties of some samples manufactured by 3D printing from various types of materials is required. The samples will be subjected to tension and bending. In this paper, only the tensile tests of some specimens, obtained by 3D printing in three positions: horizontal, vertical and in height, using three categories of printing filaments of the type: ABS+, PETG, PLA+, are presented. They have been made 5 samples for each material and printing direction, resulting in a total of 45 samples. The samples made from the three categories of material and in the three printing positions were subjected to tension until breaking. The formulas that were the basis of the tests are presented and graphs are drawn that represent the average characteristic curves of the samples for each category of material and printing guidelines.
Kinematic analysis of the windshield wiper mechanism with two parallel rocker blades
Authors: Antonescu O , Antonescu D , Ionita A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The paper deals with a windshield wiper mechanism with two parallel rocker blades having a complex topological structure. In the first part of the paper, the mobility of the mechanism is analyzed by means of the simplest formula for planar linkages. Also, the topological structure consisting of adyad and a tetrad has been outlined. In the second part of the paper, a kinema-tic analysis of the multi-contour mechanism is performed, the angular displacements of the two rocker blades being obtained. In this regard the independent contour method has been used, the angular displacements of all kinematicelements of the mechanism being calculated. Moreover, the displacement systems have been derived in order to obtain the velocities and late-on the accelerations of the mechanism elements. Finally, the paper ends with the displaying of the kinematic charts of the mechanism elements of which those with themovement of the two parallel rocker blades are the most wanted. This is due to the requirement of maximization of the wiping surface which is a very important safety issue.
Contributions to the synthesis of the windshield wiper mechanism with one rocker-slider blade
Authors: Antonescu O , Antonescu D , Ionita A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The paper deals with synthesis of the windshield wiper mechanism with one rocker-slider blade. Starting from the kinematic scheme of the constructive model designed by Mercedes-Benz motor vehicle company, a structure analysis on this complex mechanism consisting of three kinematic chains, of which two are articulated bar mechanisms and one is planetary mechanism, has been accomplished. The novelty of this paper consists in the presentation of an optimum synthesis method of the planar bar mechanism in two variants for the wiper blade driving. The first variant is a planar 4-bar mechanism type crank-rocker where the cosines theorem has been applied in order to obtain the lengths of the coupler and the crank. The second analyzed variant is a bi-contour linkage consisting of two 4-bar mechanisms linked in series. Further, the calculation of the planetary gear angular velocity on the complex mechanism with dyadic kinematic chains has been achieved. In order to do this, the immobilization of the planetary carrier method has been applied. Finally, the geometry of the driven linkage of the wiper mechanism type crank-slider which has two mobilities has been studied. A vector equation has been written in order to obtain the length of the variable blade.
Tyre and Rim Dimensions through Statistical Estimation
Authors: Anghelache G , Ciobotaru T 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Accurate vehicle dynamics calculations and simulations require robust estimations of the tyre and rim dimensions. This paper presents some findings on the estimation of tyre radii and rim width for passenger cars, mainly based on the statistical investigation of a large amount of data from tyre catalogues. The tyre free radius calculated with the data contained in the tyre marking code has, in principle, the same value as the tyre free radius obtained from catalogues. Thus, the classical equation is enough accurate for free radius estimation. This paper presents statistical investigations of the data in tyre catalogues and the simple equations found to estimate the static and rolling tyre radii. Moreover, numerical considerations on the proper match of tyre and rim widths are revealed. An important finding is the definition of the ratio between the rim and tyre width and the statistical calculation of this ratio vs. tyre aspect ratio. This method allows calculation of the nominal rim width.
Methodology for assessing the road traffic risk in urban areas
Authors: Costescu D , Bujor C R , Ifrim A M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the assembly of concerns for reducing the negative effects of urban road traffic, special consideration is paid - both at the local and global level - to issues related to road traffic safety. Spotting urban zones vulnerable to traffic crashes, understanding the causes of crashes, identifying some directions of action to reduce the traffic risk and their application from the urban planning stage can improve road safety. In this framework, the paper presents a methodology for estimating the intrinsic risk linked to road traffic. The main objective is identifying the relationships between the crash frequency and the intrinsic factors contributing to their occurrence. The proposed methodology is particularized for Bucharest based on the disaggregated statistical data analysis on severe accidents recorded in 2017-2022. The resulting model allows the classification of risk levels and, further, identification, planning and scheduling measures to improve urban road safety.