bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integral maximisation algorithm. Comparison with standard methods and application to adaptive optical systems with statistical backlash
Authors: Jan Luis Emiliano , Zaldivar Escola Facundo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
One of the fundamental challenges of engineering is establishing the optimal parameters in problems with multiple local solutions. A large number of optimisation algorithms have been developed for this task. This paper proposes a new optimisation algorithm that is effective in systems with hysteresis and non-linearities. Tests are performed with standard optimisation functions and with a complex optical model. For each test, the results of several known optimisation algorithms are compared with the proposed one. All optimisation algorithms used in the tests are then implemented in an actual thermal diffusivity measuring instrument which uses an optical technique. The optical alignment process of this real-world instrument is carried out by various optimisation algorithms and the dispersions in the measured values are compared. It is concluded that the proposed algorithm presents high robustness and the fastest convergence to the global optimum.
High selectivity and sensitivity through nanoparticle sensors for cleanroom CO2 detection
Authors: Channegowda Manjunatha , Verma Arpit , Arabia Igra , Meda Ujwal Shreenag , Rawal Ishpal , Rustagi Sarvesh , Yadav Bal Chandra , Dunlop Patrick SM , Bhalla Nikhil , Chaudhary Vishal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Clean room facilities are becoming more popular in both academic and industry settings, including low-and middle-income countries. This has led to an increased demand for cost-effective gas sensors to monitor air quality. Here we have developed a gas sensor using CoNiO2 nanoparticles through combustion method. The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor towards CO2 were influenced by the structure of the nanoparticles, which were affected by the reducing agent (biofuels) used during synthesis. Among all reducing agents, urea found to yield highly crystalline and uniformly distributed CoNiO2 nanoparticles, which when developed into sensors showed high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of CO2 gas in the presence of common interfering volatile organic compounds observed in cleanroom facilities including ammonia, formaldehyde, acetone, toluene, ethanol, isopropanol and methanol. In addition, the urea-mediated nanoparticle-based sensors exhibited room temperature operation, high stability, prompt response and recovery rates, and excellent reproducibility. Consequently, the synthesis approach to nanoparticle-based, energy efficient and affordable sensors represent a benchmark for CO2 sensing in cleanroom settings.
Average shadowing revisited
Authors: Blank Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We propose a novel unifying approach to study the shadowing property for a broad class of dynamical systems (in particular, discontinuous and non-invertible) under a variety of perturbations. In distinction to known constructions, our approach is local: it is based on the gluing property which takes into account the shadowing under a single (not necessarily small) perturbation.
Inclusion of metal nanoparticles at the core-shell interface of GaAs0.99Bi0.01/ZnO/ITO core-shell nanowire solar cell for photovoltaic performance enhancement
Authors: Roy Debamita , Biswas Abhijit , Samajdar Dip Prakash 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Optoelectronic performance analysis of perpendicularly aligned conformally coated GaAs0.99Bi0.01/ZnO/ITO core–shell nanowire solar cell having a core length of 1 μm, core diameter of 160 nm, shell thickness of 10 nm and period of 280 nm, decorated with Au metal nanoparticles(MNPs) of variable diameters at the core–shell interface is done employing FDTD method. Diameter optimization of MNPs with four different diameters values around core GaAs0.99Bi0.01 nanowire is accomplished in terms of maximum short circuit current density (Jsc), which offered an optimized diameter combination of D1 = D2 = 50 nm and D3 = 34 nm, D4 = 10 nm, resulting in a maximum Jsc of 32.6 mA cm−2. A detailed analysis of the electric field profile including its top view and longitudinal view is presented to investigate the distribution of electric field upon optical illumination at different wavelength range. The overall photo generation rate profile is also presented to focus on the localized surface plasmon resonance effect caused by the metal nanoparticles (MNPs). In order to boost the electrical performance, a thin coating of electron selective ZnO shell is used around p type GaAs0.99Bi0.01core, which aids in charge carrier separation, thereby improving open circuit voltage (Voc) and overall power conversion efficiency (PCE). The electrical characteristics of bare NW and MNP decorated GaAs0.99Bi0.01/ZnO core–shell nanowire solar cell for different MNP diameters have been compared. For the optimized diameter combination, as stated above, a Voc of 941 mV, Jsc of 28 mA cm−2, FF of 84.35% and PCE of 22.19% is obtained for SRV of 105 cm s−1 at the interfaces and SRH recombination lifetime as less as 10 ns. For SRV of 105 cm s−1 at the interfaces and SRH recombination lifetime of 1 μs, this proposed structure can achieve a Voc of 1.06 V, Jsc of 31.5 mA cm−2, PCE of 29.37% and FF of 87.88% for equal diameters of D1 = D2 = D3 = D4 = 50 nm.
A comprehensive perspective for single-mode Gaussian coherence
Authors: Singh S K , ur Rahman Atta , Mazaheri M , Peng Jia-Xin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this work, we theoretically investigate single-mode Gaussian quantum coherence from a comprehensive perspective. Based on analytical expressions of the first and second moments of single-mode Gaussian states undergoing various Gaussian noisy channels, we use quantum mater equation and the method of the relative entropy to quantify the quantum coherence of any single-mode Gaussian state. We demonstrate that the displaced thermal state achieves maximum quantum coherence when using only the displaced vacuum state, which is a pure coherent state. However, for various lossy noise channels, quantum coherence shows a significant decrease. In the context of a squeezed thermal state, when controlling the squeezing parameter for a given environmental temperature, quantum coherence has been witnessed to increase. The ultimate upper bound of quantum coherence is then attained with the squeezed vacuum state. In particular, we determined the most generalized scenario of the displaced squeezed thermal state. The maximum value of quantum coherence is obtained when displacement and squeeze parameters both attain maximum value. Our study might be important in the future for the characterisation as well as the estimation of various nonclassical quantum correlations in single-mode Gaussian states.
Gradient voltage amplification effect in FDSOI NCFET with thickness-variable ferroelectric layer
Authors: Yao Jiafei , Liu Jincheng , Zhang Xinpeng , Han Xue , Zhang Maolin , Li Man , Yang Kemeng , Chen Jing , Zhang Jun , Guo Yufeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a negative capacitance field effect transistor with thickness variable ferroelectric layer (TVFL NCFET) based on the fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) is proposed. The TVFL NCFET features the linearly increased ferroelectric layer thickness along the channel from source to drain. The gradient voltage amplification effect caused by the TVFL is analyzed according to the proposed capacitance model and simulation. Both of the model and numerical results indicate that the TVFL leads to a gradient increased electrostatic potential distribution along the bottom of the ferroelectric layer. The influences of gradient voltage amplification effect on the transfer characteristics, the output characteristic, the ratio between on-state-current (I
ON) and off-state-current (I
OFF), the drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and the subthreshold swing (SS) are investigated. The results show that the TVFL NCFET achieves the SS of 53.14 mV/dec, which is reduced by 19% when compared to the conventional NCFET. Meanwhile, large ION/IOFF is also realized and up to 1012 at most.
Design of a broadband multifunctional switchable absorber/reflector based on active frequency selective surfaces
Authors: Zhao Ling , Wang Jiayun , Gao Yulong , Chen Linyue , Qu Zeng , Duan Junping , Zhang Binzhen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Metamaterial absorbers are candidates for stealth systems due to their excellent wave modulation capabilities. With the rapid development of radar detection technology, the switching ability of metamaterial absorbers is becoming more demanding. A broadband multifunctional switchable absorber/reflector based on active frequency selective surfaces (AFSS) is presented in this paper. The proposed structure comprises an absorbing layer, a switching layer, and a ground with air spacers sandwiched between each layer. The PIN diodes can realize significant broadband conditioning performance between absorption and reflection functions by switching four operating states: ‘00’, ‘01’, ‘10’, and ‘11’. The bias network of this structure features horizontal and vertical configurations that independently coordinate the two polarization directions. It is worth noting that the bias network of the designed structure is very simple to minimize the impact on the structure. Distributions of surface current, an equivalent circuit model, and structural parameters are analyzed for a better professional insight into the working mechanism of the absorber/reflector. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and measured to verify the simulation.
Negative refractive index enhancement with zero absorption in a concentric chiral metal-atomic nanoshell
Authors: Nawab Haq , Khan Majid , Ghafoor Fazal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We investigate the electromagnetic chirality and negative refraction in a concentric nanoshell of a chiral metal sphere and a chiral atomic shell. The medium of the atomic shell with a four-level system is driven by a laser field and an incoherent pump field in a diamond configuration. We show that the electric and magnetic absorption spectra connecting through the chiral coefficients of the respective dipole moments of the two media, produce five and three lines spectral profiles. We explain that the spectral lines separated by dips are the manifestation of the classical (quantum) coherence effect of the wave field excitation in the medium of the metal sphere (atomic shell), and the interaction of the respective dipole moments at the interface of the two media. Furthermore, we show negative refraction with zero absorption without requiring permittivity (ϵ) and permeability (μ) simultaneously negative, where for all values of the incident wavelength, Re [μ] ≈ 1, representing a strong chiral electromagnetic behavior. Consequently, the negative refractive index enhances sufficiently beyond n = −1 for a wide range of parameters depending on the coupling parameters, chiral coefficients, and the radii ratio of the concentric metal-atomic nanoshell.
Cellulosic crystallinity and antimicrobial artistry of cactus cilia
Authors: Pandey Ritu , Dubey Amarish , Mishra Ganesh P , Ahuja Aakriti , Kambo Neelu , Joshi Shubham , Sinha Mukesh Kumar , Dubey Ragini , Shrivas Stuti 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The present research utilizes the mass of fine cilia yielded by cactus protoderm. Obtained cilia is characterized morphologically, chemically, thermally, and for antimicrobial activity. Plant based cellulosic wound dressing material expedite tissue generation, hydration, and bactericidal activity. Chemical characterization of cactus cilia reveals a highly absorbent cellulose I structure with crystallinity percentage of 65.02%. Infrared spectroscopy shows aromatic rings in cellulose polysaccharides with carbon (88.37%), oxygen (6.67%), nitrogen (3.67%), and sodium (1.27%). Morphology displayed a very fine (21 to 65 μm), coiled, and uncinate fiber. Significant number of amino acids, amides, and their derivatives exhibit cactus cilia is a plant biomass. Cactus cilia + ampicillin derivative inhibited gram-negative bacterial growth, thus making it a potential material for general use in meditech applications.
Error field detection and correction studies towards ITER operation
Authors: Piron L. , Paz-Soldan C. , Pigatto L. , Zanca P. , Sauter O. , Putterich T. , Bettini P. , Bonotto M. , Cunningham G. , De Tommasi G. , Ferron N. , Gambrioli M. , Graham G. , De Vries P. , Gribov Y. , Hu Q. , Kirov K. , Logan N.C. , Lennholm M. , Mattei M. , Maraschek M. , Markovic T. , Manduchi G. , Martin P. , Pironti A. , Polevoi A.R. , Ravensbergen T. , Ryan D. , Sieglin B. , Suttrop W. , Terranova D. , Teschke W. , Valcarcel D.F. , Vincent C. ,   JET Contributors,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   MAST-U Team
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In magnetic fusion devices, error field (EF) sources, spurious magnetic field perturbations, need to be identified and corrected for safe and stable (disruption-free) tokamak operation. Within Work Package Tokamak Exploitation RT04, a series of studies have been carried out to test the portability of the novel non-disruptive method, designed and tested in DIII-D (Paz-Soldan et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion
62 126007), and to perform an assessment of model-based EF control strategies towards their applicability in ITER. In this paper, the lessons learned, the physical mechanism behind the magnetic island healing, which relies on enhanced viscous torque that acts against the static electro-magnetic torque, and the main control achievements are reported, together with the first design of the asynchronous EF correction current/density controller for ITER.
Variability of entropy force and its coupling with electrostatic and steric hindrance interactions
Authors: Zhou S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We investigated the effective interaction potential (EIP) between charged surfaces in solvent comprised of dipole dimer molecules added with a certain amount of ionic liquid. Using classical density functional theory, the EIP is calculated and decoupled into entropic and energy terms. Unlike the traditional Asakura–Oosawa (AO) depletion model, the present entropic term can be positive or negative, depending on the entropy change associated with solvent molecule migration from bulk into slit pore. This is determined by pore congestion and disruption of the bulk dipole network. The energy term is determined by the free energy associated with hard-core repulsion and electrostatic interactions between surface charges, ion charges, and polarized charges carried by the dipole dimer molecules. The calculations in this article clearly demonstrate the variability of the entropy term, which contrasts sharply with the traditional AO depletion model, and the corrective effects of electrostatic and spatial hindrance interactions on the total EIP; we revealed several non-monotonic behaviors of the EIP and its entropic and energy terms concerning solvent bulk concentration and solvent molecule dipole moment; additionally, we demonstrated the promoting effect of dipolar solvent on the emergence of like-charge attraction, even in 1:1 electrolyte solutions. The microscopic origin of the aforementioned phenomena was analyzed to be due to the non-monotonic change of dipolar solvent adsorption with dipole moment under conditions of low solution dielectric constant. The present findings offer novel approaches and molecular-level guidance for regulating the EIP. This insight has implications for understanding fundamental processes in various fields, including biomolecule-ligand binding, activation energy barriers, ion tunneling transport, as well as the formation of hierarchical structures, such as mesophases, micro-, and nanostructures, and beyond.
Potential Nanoparticles to Integrate with Ceramic Membranes for Treating Industrial Wastewater: A Review
Authors: Rabby Insiat Islam , Enam H.M Khairul , Uddin Wasi , Sultana Afsana , Uddin Rokib , Alam Mahfuz 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Due to human indifference and reckless oily wastewater production from industry, environmental or ecological pollution has become a challenge for our planet. Oily industrial wastewater mostly released by oil fields, refineries, cars, palm oil sectors, and many others is one of the biggest dangers. Oil and water can be virtually completely separated using membrane-based technologies. However, these technologies still face challenges in upholding efficiency over extended periods due to membrane fouling induced by oil droplets mixing with the membranes. Therefore, to overcome these challenges, the creation of polymeric, ceramic, and metallic-based membrane materials with enhanced performance is the focus of research in this field. In this review, various published approaches applied for treating industrial wastewater by using Ceramic Membranes integrated with nanoparticles were focused initially. Then, a modified experimental procedure from the literature for wastewater treatment process by using ceramic membranes is discussed. The majority of studies indicate nearly total oil rejection and increased outputs. Silicon carbide (SiC), Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC), Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), Alumina powder (Al), Silica (SiO2), Graphene Oxide (GO), and Silver (Ag) are identified potential nanoparticles to mix with ceramic membranes for wastewater treatment application.
A Smart Jacket with Portable Thermoelectric Cooling System
Authors: Haque K M Jamiul , Nirjon Mashrur Jehan , Rinath Ragib Tahshin , Rahman Mohammad Rahath 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a cutting-edge, self-contained cooling jacket design and its practical implementation. The jacket utilizes Peltier modules and a water circulation system to efficiently transfer heat, completely eliminating the need for traditional compressors or refrigerants. The key components of this innovative system include aluminum blocks housing Peltier modules, dual-loop water coolant systems, a compact suction fan, a radiator, two submersible pumps, and a rechargeable Lipo battery. The cooling process involves water circulating through the aluminum blocks to effectively dissipate heat generated by the Peltier modules. The heated water then traverses a path through plastic pipes, the radiator, and a holding tank, and ultimately returns to the aluminum blocks, while the cold water travels from the tank to the aluminum blocks via copper tubing. This ingenious configuration delivers remarkable cooling performance without relying on conventional cooling components. Extensive laboratory testing of the system confirmed its capability to achieve cooling temperatures up to 10°C below the ambient temperature. These results signify the promising potential of the cooling jacket across various applications, especially those requiring a portable and self-contained cooling solution. Such applications include critical scenarios like military and first responder operations, demanding industrial and construction settings, and scenarios involving individuals with medical conditions exacerbated by heat. The innovative cooling jacket offers a highly efficient and versatile solution for a wide range of practical needs.
Comparative Analysis of Aerodynamic Lift and Drag of Commercially Used Air-foil Incorporated with Co-flow Jet
Authors: Roy Souvik , Paul Tithi , Shawron Rashidul Hassan , Yasir Atif 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this research, a baseline airfoil is modified by incorporating a Co-flow Jet into the airfoil. Co-flow jet is also called zero net mass flux as the same amount of highly pressurized air is injected towards the streamlines of an airfoil from the leading edge and sucks this air without changing the amount in the trailing edge using an air pump. A performance boost is expected for the use of the Co-flow Jet. An airplane’s performance is based on a few parameters such as the coefficient of lift, coefficient of drag, boundary layer separation, and many others. In this research, a comparative analysis is run between a baseline airfoil and a CFJ airfoil. NACA-4412 is chosen as the target airfoil. The research shows how the incorporation of CFJ in an airfoil increases the coefficient of lift (CL) and decreases the coefficient of drag (CD). Thus, it is possible to maintain a better CL/CL ratio by using CFJ. The research also mentions the increase in stall angle due to the use of CFJ. It is a computational analysis performed in the software Ansys. For simplicity, the analysis is limited to two-dimensional analysis. This research may bring a better improvement in the aircraft and aerodynamic sectors. Though the results obtained from the research may not fully be similar to the hypothesis, it has been tried to maintain that the results of the simulation hardly differ from the theoretical analysis.
Contribution of BSM Particles on Electric Dipole Moment of Charged Leptons in the Minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model
Authors: Buksh Rafid , Alam Shahinoor , Nur-E-Mostafa  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the contribution of Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) particles on the Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) of charged lepton is calculated in a minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model. First-order quantum correction i.e., one loop correction, from relevant diagrams in the unitary gauge using Feynman parameterization is used because there is no tree-level contribution in Electric Dipole Moment due to non-renormalizability of the dipole term in the Lagrangian. This study mainly focuses on the BSM Higgs sector contribution to the EDM of charged leptons due to phenomenological interest. CP violation is directly connected to the EDM of fundamental particles. Matter-antimatter asymmetry is a mystery of the universe that demands CP symmetry to be violated. The standard model cannot explain the observed CP violation. Standard Model (SM) is so far the best description of nature. Despite having tremendous success, e.g., Electro-weak Symmetry Breaking and Higgs discovery, the Standard model is not complete. Moreover, experimentally, we observed small neutrino mass and neutrino mixing. The Seesaw Mechanism can explain neutrino mass smallness and mixing introducing a large Majorana mass. Left-right symmetric model is the most natural extension of SM which can accommodate the Seesaw mechanism. So EDM contributions from BSM particles in the Left-Right symmetric Model are a good probe of new physics beyond the SM. These contributions then can be used to do phenomenology and test the Model.
Jute Fiber Reinforced Biocomposite: Towards Developing Composite Bone Plate
Authors: Hoque Md Enamul , Rayhan Asif Mahmud 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Bone fractures are often treated with metallic bone plates which are inherited some fundamental issues such as stress shielding, bone atrophy, heavyweight, corrosion, and so on. This work aims to develop a jute epoxy composite to investigate its feasibility to use as a composite bone plate. In this work, the natural fiber-based composite made of jute extracted from the jute plant and epoxy resin obtained from LAPOX® METALAM - B is studied experimentally. The mechanical properties such as tensile, compressive, and bending strength of jute/epoxy composite were measured using the universal testing machine (UTM). Moisture absorption test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) image analysis were also performed. The preliminary results suggest that the jute/epoxy composite could be a potential material for a composite bone plate. However, further detailed studies are required to confirm its applicability as a composite bone plate.