bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of grafting alkoxysilane on the surface properties of Kevlar fiber
Authors: Ai Tao , Wang Rumin , Zhou Wenying 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis research applied the methodology of metalation and grafting alkoxysilane to modify the surface of Kevlar‐29 fiber. The surface properties of the modified Kevlar fiber were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller isothermal adsorption analysis. The relationship between surface characteristics of Kevlar fiber and its interfacial adhesion of Kevlar fiber‐reinforced epoxy resin composites was also discussed. Compared with the untreated fiber, the surface of the modified Kevlar fiber was much rougher, its oxygen content increased by about 12%, the surface area enlarged about 10 times, and the wetting behavior improved. Due to the modification of the fiber, the adhesion between the fiber and the resin matrix was markedly improved and the Interlaminar Shear Strength of its epoxy composites increased by about 57%. POLYM. COMPOS. 28:412–416, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Screen‐print selective diffusions for high‐efficiency industrial silicon solar cells
Authors: Edwards Matthew , Bocking Jonathan , Cotter Jeffrey E. , Bennett Neil 
Published: May 2007

AbstractScreen‐print diffusion pastes present an industrially applicable alternative to conventional techniques of dopant deposition. Several commercially available screen‐print dopant pastes are assessed for their suitability in forming heavy selective diffusions for use under metal contacts in silicon solar cells. Pastes are assessed in terms of their ease of application, their ability to form heavy diffusions with low sheet resistances, and their ability to maintain high post‐diffusion wafer lifetimes. Potential for the use of dopant pastes in high‐efficiency solar cell devices is investigated using photoconductance (PC) measurements and photoluminescence (PL) images. It is found that under certain conditions, screen‐print dopant pastes, particularly phosphorus paste, have potential to form effective selective diffusions without significantly compromising performance in high‐efficiency solar cells. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology control in polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite latex particles
Authors: Herrera Virginia , Pirri Rosangela , Asua José M. , Leiza Jose R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effect of the presence of different amounts of block copolymers [polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate)] on the morphology of polystyrene/poly (methyl methacrylate) composite latex particles was investigated. The block copolymers were produced in situ by controlled radical polymerization (CRP) through the addition of the second monomer to a seed prepared by miniemulsion polymerization with a certain amount of a CRP agent. With an increase in the amounts of the block copolymers, the particle morphology changed from a hemisphere morphology (for a latex without block copolymers, i.e., without the use of a CRP agent during the polymerization) to clear core–shell morphologies as a result of decreasing polymer–polymer interfacial tension © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2484–2493, 2007
Fixing moduli in exact Type IIA flux vacua
Authors: Benini F. , Acharya B.S. , Valandro R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractType IIA flux compactifications with O6‐planes have been argued from a four dimensional effective theory point of view to admit stable, moduli free solutions. We discuss in detail the ten dimensional description of such vacua and present exact supersymmetric solutions in the case when the O6‐charge is smoothly distributed: the geometry is Calabi‐Yau and the dilaton is constant. In the localized case, the solution is a half‐flat, non‐Calabi‐Yau metric but still with constant dilaton. Finally, using the ten dimensional description we show how all moduli are stabilized and reproduce precisely the results of de Wolfe et al. [arXiv:hep‐th/0505160]. This talk is based on [arXiv:hep‐th/0607223].
A note on the string dual of 𝒩 = 1 SQCD‐like theories
Authors: Casero R. , Paredes A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this note we describe how 𝒩 = 1 SQCD‐like theories with a large number of flavors can be given a dual description in terms of a string background containing a large number of additional D5‐branes. The dual geometries account for the backreaction of the additional branes: they depend on the ratio between the number of flavors and colors of the gauge theory. This note is based on [1]. We present here also a new set of solutions, which are not included in the original paper.
AdS spacetimes in M‐theory
Authors: Gauntlett J.P. , Mac Conamhna O.A.P. , Mateos T. , Waldram D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe review recent progress in the classification and construction of supersymmetric AdS solutions of M‐theory. The AdS supersymmetry conditions are derived by taking the near‐horizon limit of M‐fivebranes wrapping supersymmetric cycles in manifolds of G2 or SU(N) holonomy, N = 2, 3, 4. The new explicit solutions we find are AdS3 solutions arising in the near‐horizon limit of M‐fivebranes wrapping Kähler four‐cycles in Calabi‐Yau four‐folds, intersecting membranes in a string, and dual to 𝒩 = (2,0) conformal field theories in two dimensions. Eight doubly countably infinite families of these solutions are reduced and dualised to IIB, and the central charge of the dual field theories computed. Some future directions are briefly discussed.
Exact discreteness and mass gap of N = 1 symplectic Yang‐Mills from M‐theory
Authors: Boulton L. , García del Moral M.P. , Restuccia A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this note we summarize some of the results found recently in [1]. We show the pure discreteness of the non‐perturbative quantum spectrum of a symplectic Yang‐Mills theory defined on a Riemann surface of positive genus, living in a target space that, in particular, can be 4D. This theory corresponds to the membrane with central charges. The presence of the central charge induces a confinement in the phase at zero temperature. When the energy rises, the center of the group breaks and the theory enters in a quark‐plasma phase after a topological transition, corresponding to the N = 4 wrapped supermembrane.
Supersymmetric D‐branes on flux backgrounds
Authors: Martucci L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSeveral aspects concerning the physics of D‐branes in Type II flux compactifications preserving minimal 𝒩 = 1 supersymmetry in four dimensions are considered. It is shown how these vacua are completely characterized in terms of properly defined generalized calibrations for D‐branes and the relation with Generalized Complex Geometry is discussed. General expressions for superpotentials and D‐terms associated with the 𝒩 = 1 four‐dimensional description of space‐time filling D‐branes are presented. The massless spectrum of calibrated D‐branes can be characterized in terms of cohomology groups of a differential complex canonically induced on the D‐branes by the underlying generalized complex structure.
Classification of supersymmetric backgrounds of string theory
Authors: Gran U. , Gutowski J. , Papadopoulos G. , Roest D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe review the recent progress made towards the classification of supersymmetric solutions in ten and eleven dimensions with emphasis on those of IIB supergravity. In particular, the spinorial geometry method is outlined and adapted to nearly maximally supersymmetric backgrounds. We then demonstrate its effectiveness by classifying the maximally supersymmetric IIB G‐backgrounds and by showing that N = 31 IIB solutions do not exist.
N = 1 domain wall solutions of massive type II supergravity and the issue of mirror symmetry
Authors: Vaulà S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe report on Domain Wall solution of Calabi–Yau compactifications with general fluxes and their application to the study of mirror symmetry in generalized backgrounds. We address, in particular, to the issue of magnetic NSNS fluxes. We show that the Domain Wall gradient flow equations can be interpreted as a set of generalized Hitchin's flow equations of a manifold with SU(3) × SU(3) structure fibered along the direction transverse to the Domain wall.
Analysis of biaxial strain in InN(0001) epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Dimakis E. , Domagala J. , Iliopoulos E. , Adikimenakis A. , Georgakilas A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe in‐plane lattice parameters of InN, GaN and Al2O3 in a InN/GaN/Al2O3(0001) heterostructure have been measured as a function of temperature in the range of 25–350 °C, using high resolution X‐ray diffraction. The results reveal that both the GaN and InN crystals follow the in‐plane thermal expansion of the Al2O3 substrate's lattice and there is no rearrangement of misfit dislocations at the InN/GaN and GaN/Al2O3 interfaces. It was also found that either compressive or tensile character of residual biaxial strain is possible for the InN films, depending on the two‐dimensional (2D) or three‐dimensional (3D) growth mode of InN on the GaN(0001) buffer layer. The tensile strain is inherent to the nucleation and coalescence of 3D islands. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fisher information and quantum–classical field theory: classical statistics similarity
Authors: Syska J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe classical statistics indication for the impossibility to derive quantum mechanics from classical mechanics is proved. The formalism of the statistical Fisher information is used. Next the Fisher information as a tool of the construction of a self‐consistent field theory, which joins the quantum theory and classical field theory, is proposed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Proteins and Carbon Nanotubes: Close Encounter in Water
Authors: Nepal Dhriti , Geckeler Kurt E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe interactions between biological substances and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their effect on the nanotubes are of significant importance in this emerging era of nanobiotechnology. Consequently, highly stable dispersions of debundled CNTs in aqueous solution are an important prerequisite for their applications and for the development of nanotube‐based molecular electronic and nanobiomedical devices. Here, we report that proteins can work as tools to this end if their primary structure and the pH value of the system are chosen appropriately. Proteins containing a large number of basic residues, for example, histone, are found to be the most promising protein tools for the dispersion of nanotubes. Apart from other interactions, the polarity of the protein seems to play a vital role in obtaining high yields of debundled nanotubes. In addition, an enrichment of metallic nanotubes in the products is observed, which offers a facile approach for separating nanotubes according to their electronic properties in the bulk.
The effect of nicotine on striatal dopamine release in man: A [11C]raclopride PET study
Authors: Montgomery Andrew J. , Lingford‐Hughes Anne R. , Egerton Alice , Nutt David J. , Grasby Paul M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn common with many addictive substances and behaviors nicotine activates the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. Brain microdialysis studies in rodents have consistently shown increases in extrasynaptic DA levels in the striatum after administration of nicotine but PET experiments in primates have given contradicting results. A recent PET study assessing the effect of smoking in humans showed no change in [11C]raclopride binding in the brain, but did find that “hedonia” correlated with a reduction in [11C]raclopride binding suggesting that DA may mediate the positive reinforcing effects of nicotine. In this experiment we measured the effect of nicotine, administered via a nasal spray, on DA release using [11C]raclopride PET, in 10 regular smokers. There was no overall change in [11C]raclopride binding after nicotine administration in any of the striatal regions examined. However, the individual change in [11C]raclopride binding correlated with change in subjective measures of “amused” and “happiness” in the associative striatum (AST) and sensorimotor striatum (SMST). Nicotine concentration correlated negatively with change in BP in the limbic striatum. Nicotine had significant effects on cardiovascular measures including pulse rate, systolic blood pressure (BPr), and diastolic BPr. Baseline [11C]raclopride binding potential (BP) in the AST correlated negatively with the Fagerström score, an index of nicotine dependence. These results support a role for the DA system in nicotine addiction, but reveal a more complex relationship than suggested by studies in animals. Synapse 61:637–645, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developments in HIV medicine
Authors: Jones Rachael , Nelson Mark , Gazzard Brian 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWith HIV‐infected patients living longer since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, the emphasis now is on improving adherence and reducing the toxicities and side‐effects associated with long‐term treatment. Other developments include new guidance on post‐exposure prophylaxis and treatment of patients co‐infected with HIV and hepatitis C. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Genetic sonography after first‐trimester Down syndrome screening
Authors: Krantz D. A. , Hallahan T. W. , Macri V. J. , Macri J. N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectiveApproximately 90% of Down syndrome cases are detected during first‐trimester screening. We aimed to determine the potential effectiveness of second‐trimester genetic sonography as a sequential screen for Down syndrome.MethodsIn this simulation study, published statistical parameters for first‐trimester free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A and nuchal translucency thickness, and second‐trimester ultrasound markers (nuchal fold, hyperechoic bowel, short humerus, short femur, echogenic intracardiac focus, pyelectasis and major abnormality) were used to model the effectiveness of second‐trimester genetic sonography combined with first‐trimester screening.ResultsFirst‐trimester combined screening alone resulted in a detection rate of 88.5% with a 4.2% false‐positive rate. A follow‐up genetic ultrasound examination in which only one sonographic marker was found and previous results were not taken into account would detect an additional 8% of Down syndrome cases for an additional false‐positive rate of 13.2%. Using individual marker likelihood ratios to modify the first‐trimester risk for screen‐negative patients, genetic sonography detected an additional 6.1% of Down syndrome cases for an additional 1.2% false‐positive rate, giving a total detection rate of 94.6% and a total false‐positive rate of 5.4%. In a contingent protocol, in which genetic sonography would be performed only for patients with a first‐trimester risk of between 1/300 and 1/2500, the detection rate was 4.8% and the false‐positive rate was 0.7%, giving a total detection rate of 93.3% and a total false‐positive rate of 4.9%.ConclusionSecond‐trimester genetic sonography, if used properly, can be an effective sequential screen following first‐trimester Down syndrome screening. Further studies on the role of the genetic sonogram as a follow‐up to first‐trimester combined screening are warranted. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frontomaxillary facial angle at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks: effect of plane of acquisition
Authors: Plasencia W. , Dagklis T. , Pachoumi C. , Kolitsi E. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the range of positions of the fetal head in which a three‐dimensional (3D) volume is acquired for subsequent successful assessment of the frontomaxillary facial (FMF) angle.MethodWe obtained 3D volumes of the fetal head at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks. The volumes were acquired with the head in different positions and reconstructed to obtain a mid‐sagittal section and demonstrate the maxilla, palate and frontal bone, which constitute the landmarks for the assessment of the FMF angle.ResultsIn the reconstructed mid‐sagittal sections, it was possible to demonstrate the landmarks that define the FMF angle in most of the cases when the 3D volume acquisition plane was: (a) mid‐sagittal, with the angle between the face of the transducer and the direction of the fetal nose being about 0–99°, 150–199° and 330–359°; (b) transverse at the level of the biparietal diameter when the angle between the transducer and the midline echo of the brain was 0–29°; and (c) oblique around the crown–rump axis when the angle from the mid‐sagittal plane was 0–49°. However, the measurement of the FMF angle was artificially increased when in the mid‐sagittal plane the angle was 40–99° and 150–199°.ConclusionSuccessful assessment of the FMF angle by 3D ultrasound is dependent on the plane and angle of the volume acquisition. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploiting caching in heterogeneous mobile environment
Authors: Chand Narottam , Joshi R. C. , Misra Manoj 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSparse connectivity, limited energy, and restricted memory of Mobile Hosts (MHs) are the main characteristics of today's Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET). Present wireless technology is now enabling MHs not only to have multi‐hop communication among themselves, but also to have direct connection with an Access Point (AP) also. The emergence of such heterogeneous technologies brings cooperative caching to reality wherein MHs can access data items from caches at MHs in their neighborhood and can drastically minimize query latency. This key technique reduces the number of uplink channel requests, alleviates server load, and increases data availability. In this paper, we assume a heterogonous mobile environment where combination of ad hoc communication and infrastructured APs can be used to better manage the data needs of MHs through cooperative caching. We call such an environment as Cooperation‐based Access Point MANET (CAPMANET). We present a Hop‐Oriented Cooperative Caching (HOCC) scheme for CAPMANET which helps in reducing the communication overhead and the query latency. HOCC employs a hybrid Pull with Push (PwP) mechanism to maintain data consistency. Simulation results demonstrate that HOCC outperforms the pure push and pure pull‐based strategies by taking advantages of underlying characteristics and avoiding associated weaknesses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive energy‐efficient and low‐latency MAC for tree‐based data gathering in sensor networks
Authors: Lu Gang , Krishnamachari Bhaskar , Raghavendra Cauligi S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA specific characteristic of sensor network applications is that the major traffic consists of data collection from various sensor source nodes to a sink via a unidirectional tree. In this paper, we propose DMAC, an energy efficient and low latency MAC that is designed and optimized for such data gathering trees in wireless sensor networks. We first show that previously proposed MAC protocols for sensor networks that utilize activation/sleep duty cycles suffer from a data forwarding interruption problem, whereby not all nodes on a multihop path to the sink can be notified of data delivery in progress, resulting in significant sleep delay. DMAC is designed to solve the interruption problem, by giving the active/sleep schedule of a node an offset that depends upon its depth on the tree. This scheme allows continuous packet forwarding because all nodes on the multihop path can be notified of the data delivery in progress. DMAC also adjusts node duty cycles adaptively according to the traffic load in the network by varying the number of active slots in an schedule interval. We further propose a data prediction mechanism and the use of more to send (MTS) packets in order to alleviate problems pertaining to channel contention and collisions. Our simulation results as well as experimental results with the Mote platform show that by exploiting the application‐specific structure of data gathering trees in sensor networks, DMAC provides significant energy savings and latency reduction while ensuring high data reliability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mitochondrial genome from the thermal dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Authors: Cardoso Maria Angélica G. , Tambor José Humberto M. , Nobrega Francisco G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe present here the sequence of the mitochondrial DNA of the pathogenic thermodimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, agent of an endemic disease in most South American countries. The sequenced genome has 71 334 bp and is organized as a circular molecule with two gaps of unknown size flanking the middle exon of the nad5 gene. We located genes coding for the three subunits of the ATP synthase (atp6, atp8 and atp9), the apocytochrome b (cob), three subunits of the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme complex (cox1, cox2 and cox3), seven subunits of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ubiquinone oxidoreductase (nad1, nad2, nad3, nad4, nad5, nad6 and nad4L) and the large (rnl) and small (rns) subunits of ribosomal RNA. Two maturases and a ribosomal protein (rms5) are located inside introns. Twenty‐five tRNAs were identified with acceptors for all 20 amino acids. Seven polypurine/polypyrimidine tracts (140–240 bp) have been found in this genome. All genes are in the same orientation over the genome, while their order is closest to the mitochondrial genomes from Penicillium marneffei and Aspergillus nidulans. This sequence is available under GenBank Accession No. AY955840. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stigmatization, Culture and Counseling A Commentary on Growing Up and Living with NF1: a UK–Bangladeshi Case Study—by Santi Rozario
Authors: Gaff Clara L. , Clarke Angus 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRozario's presentation of the cultural manifestations of stigma experienced by a British Bangladeshi woman with Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is unusual in its detail of one woman's account of others’ interactions with her and the impact on her life. It raises issues that are readily recognisable to genetic counselors and are familiar themes in the literature on the psychology of appearance. We draw on the genetics literature and on a body of expertise in research on the psychology of visible difference to consider the role of the genetic counselor in response to expressions of stigmatization or poor self‐esteem by those with a visible difference caused by a genetic condition.
Cholesterol Oxidation is Increased and PUFA Decreased by Frozen Storage and Grilling of Atlantic Hake Fillets (Merluccius hubbsi)
Authors: Saldanha Tatiana , Bragagnolo Neura 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFresh fillets of Atlantic hake were stored at −18 °C for 120 days and changes in lipid composition and the formation of cholesterol oxidation products (COP) during storage and subsequent grilling were evaluated. Fresh hake showed low COP levels (8.0 μg/g, dry basis); however, a significant increase in COP (P < 0.02) and a concomitant decrease in the cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids content during frozen storage and after grilling were observed. The main cholesterol oxides present in the analyzed samples were: 19‐Hydroxycholesterol, 24(S)‐hydroxycholesterol, 22(S)‐hydroxycholesterol, 25‐hydroxycholesterol, 25(R)‐hydroxycholesterol and 7‐Ketocholesterol. The oxides which were more influenced by the thermal treatment were 24(S)‐OH and 25(R)‐OH; however, after 120 days of storage 7‐ketocholesterol was the main product formed. Frozen storage and subsequent grilling under domestic conditions are important factors in damage of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids levels, with consequent production of cholesterol oxides, although the mechanism of the formation of these compounds by the different processes is probably different.