bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processes as variable embodiments
Authors: Guarino Nicola , Guizzardi Giancarlo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn a number of papers, Kit Fine introduced a theory of embodiment which distinguishes between rigid and variable embodiments, and has been successfully applied to clarify the ontological nature of entities whose parts may or may not vary in time. In particular, he has applied this theory to describe a process such as the erosion of a cliff, which would be a variable embodiment whose manifestations are the different states of erosion of the cliff. We find this theory very powerful, and especially appropriate to capture the intuition that the same process may go on at different times. However, its formal principles have been subject to some criticisms, mainly concerning the mereological structure of a variable embodiment. Moreover, since the notion of variable embodiment is very general, simply saying that processes are variable embodiments is not enough to understand their ontological nature. To address these concerns, in this paper we proceed in two phases: first, we propose a revised version of Fine’s original theory adapted to the case of processes, which adopts a classical mereology instead of Fine’s hylomorphic mereology, and a temporalized constitution relation in place of Fine’s function of variable embodiment; second, we go deeper into the ontological nature of processes by revisiting the notions of homogeneity, intentionality, and telicity discussed in the literature, and propose an account based on ontological principles and not on semantic properties of predicates. This allows us to organize processes into a novel taxonomy based exclusively on their unity and individuation principles.
Use of red grape pomace and Aloe vera gel as nutraceuticals to ameliorate stocking density-induced stress in commercial male broilers
Authors: Thema Kwena Kgaogelo , Mlambo Victor , Egbu Chidozie Freedom , Mnisi Caven Mguvane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe combined effect of Aloe vera gel (AVG) administered through drinking water and dietary red grape pomace powder (RGP) on growth performance, physiological traits, welfare indicators, and meat quality in densely stocked broilers was evaluated. A total of 750, two-week-old male Ross 308 broilers (317.7 ± 10.12 g live weight) were randomly assigned to 25 cages, with each cage as an experimental unit. The broilers were stocked at a density of 30 birds per cage with a floor space of 1.32 m2. Dietary treatments were a standard grower or finisher diet (CON); CON containing 30 g RGP /kg diet plus either 1 (GPA1), 2 (GPA2), 3 (GPA3), or 4% (GPA4) AVG in drinking water. Treatment GPA1 promoted higher (P < 0.05) overall weight gain and overall feed conversion ratio (FCR) than CON. Positive quadratic effects (P < 0.05) were noted for mean corpuscular hemoglobin, basophils, 24-hour breast meat yellowness, chroma, and hue angle. The GPA2 group had the lowest (P < 0.05) gait score while the CON group had the highest score. Concurrent supplementation with a 30 g RGP /kg diet plus 1% AVG in drinking water enhanced weight gain, FCR, and finisher weight of densely stocked broilers. However, AVG doses beyond 1% did not enhance performance and physiological traits in densely stocked broilers.
Tunnel ultrasound can guide the use of peritoneal dialysis catheter exit site relocation by external splicing and cuff removal in refractory tunnel infection
Authors: Nardelli Luca , Scalamogna Antonio , Tripodi Federica , De Liso Chiara , Alfieri Carlo , Castellano Giuseppe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter related infections continue to be a major cause of morbidity and transfer to hemodialysis (HD) in PD patients. The treatment of tunnel infection (TI) could be challenging, especially when the infection involves the superficial cuff requiring the removal of the catheter. To spare the patient the loss of the catheter and the transfer to HD, several mini-invasive surgical techniques have been proposed as rescue therapy. Furthermore, nowadays, the rapid growth of digital technology has enormously increased the diagnostic sensibility of the echo signal allowing to accurately defines the extent of the infectious process along the PD catheter tunnel.

Methods
Between 1st January 2020 and 31st December 2021 seven patients who underwent exit-site relocation by external splicing and cuff removal at our institution due to refractory TI were included in the study. All patients were followed until 12 months after the procedure. As soon as TI was defined refractory to the medical therapy, an ultrasonographic examination of the catheter tunnel was performed to define the extent of the infectious episode.

Results
Among the 7 infectious episodes, 4 were caused by P. aeruginosa, and 3 by S. aureus. Around the superficial cuff the hypo/anechoic collections detected by ultrasounds showed a mean diameter of 3.05 ± 0.79 mm. The exit-site relocation by external splicing and cuff removal was successful in all cases (7/7, 100%).

Conclusions
In our experience the use of exit site relocation by external splicing and cuff removal as rescue therapy for TI with positive ultrasounds for TI limited to superficial cuff involvement and without secondary peritonitis, yielded to promising results with a success rate of 100%. This preliminary experience underlines the paramount usefulness of tunnel echography in accurately defining the extent of TI and, consequently, guiding the choice of the therapeutical approach in refractory TI.
Variability of the trophic state in a coastal reef system associated with submarine groundwater discharge in the Mexican Caribbean
Authors: Camacho-Cruz Karla , Ortiz-Hernández María Concepción , Carrillo Laura , Sánchez Alberto 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharges (SGD) have been associated with important sources of nutrients between the land and oceans that can generate eutrophication conditions. This study aims to analyze the behavior of nitrogen and phosphorus using the mixing curve method, to examine the variation of the trophic state using the Karydis Index, and to evaluate the δ15N in benthic organisms to trace the origin of nitrogen in neap tide (November) and spring tide (January) in the Manatí Cenote, and Nohoch-Teek reef lagoon in the Mexican Caribbean. Nitrogen and phosphate enrichment was in the Manatí Cenote during neap and spring tides. This enrichment was particularly noticeable in the reef lagoon during low tides in the areas influenced by SGD. In the Cenote, differences in the nitrate trophic state were observed, indicating an eu-mesotrophic condition during neap tide and a mesotrophic condition during spring tide. However, no significant differences were observed for ammonium (oligo-mesotrophic), nitrites, or phosphate compounds (oligotrophic). The trophic state reef lagoon exhibited a similar pattern but with different spatial variations. In both systems, phosphorus was a limiting nutrient, while δ15N suggested anthropogenic nitrogen uptake by several benthic organisms.
The biological cropping hypothesis over evolutionary time: an experimental test
Authors: Furness Euan N. , Sutton Mark D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEcological disturbance has been proposed to have a variety of effects on biodiversity. These mechanisms are well studied over shorter timescales through experimental manipulation of ecosystems, but the effect of disturbance on longer timescales, where evolutionary processes operate, is less well understood. This is at least in part because evolutionary processes are too slow to observe in experimental manipulations of ecosystems. Here, we use the Rapid Evolutionary Simulator system (REvoSim) to solve this problem. REvoSim is a spatially explicit, agent-based simulation tool that models both ecological and evolutionary processes and is capable of simulating many thousands of generations of evolution per hour in a population of up to 1 million organisms. We use REvoSim to evaluate the biological cropping hypothesis, which predicts that the non-selective culling of organisms from populations (“cropping”) can enhance diversity in those populations over long timescales by reducing the homogenising effects of competitive exclusion. Our experiments demonstrate that cropping alone can increase diversity within populations under certain circumstances: those where it has the net effect of reducing the selection pressure acting on those populations. However, intense cropping pressure may increase the selection pressure on organisms to reproduce rapidly, potentially offsetting the effects of reduced competitive exclusion on diversity. We also show that cropping alone is not sufficient to result in reproductive isolation within populations. This implies that, while cropping can maintain a high species diversity within an ecosystem, additional mechanisms must be invoked to generate that high diversity in the first instance.
The Disproportionate Use of Corporal Punishment on African American Children in U.S. Schools
Authors: Green Kahlil , Dickens Devron , Thurman Dawn , Van Sluytman Laurens G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe United States Supreme Court ruled School Corporal Punishment (SCP) constitutional, legalizing the practice in 19 states. Annually, approximately 163,333 students are subject to this practice, and 57,000 incidents involve African American students. Moreover, the lack of Federal advocacy and public knowledge of this social problem is more likely linked to SCP mainly practiced in southern states. Through the lens of Critical Race Theory, a content analysis of SCP documents from 1996 to 2018 was collected from school districts in seven prevalent SCP states using the following terms: SCP, Black students, and Black population. This policy report examines states’ SCP policies, identifies factors that influenced policies, and discusses the future of SCP. Findings suggest that SCP negatively impacted the academic achievement and future endeavors of African American students. One recommendation for a successful alternative of SCP strategies is the information involvement of relevant stakeholders and Government officials as several policies excluded members in the implementation process.
Influence of the modal damping ratio calculation method in the analysis of dynamic events obtained in structural health monitoring of bridges
Authors: López-Aragón J. A. , Puchol V. , Astiz M. A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper includes a review of the several calculation methods available to calculate the modal damping ratio from dynamic events obtained in structural health monitoring of bridges. A comparative analysis among methods involving the logarithmic decrement, bandwidth applied over the spectrum, adjustment to the theoretical curve and random decrement technique is included. Additionally, an alternative calculation method based on signal spectra reduction has been formulated, whose main advantage lies in the fact that it directly allows the study of multiple-degrees-of-freedom systems, which describe typical structures, without the need for applying filters; this method gives extremely precise values despite simplification of the calculations. First, a comparative analysis is carried out on a set of theoretically simulated waves. In these cases, although there are differences in detail, the obtained results are reasonably close to the theoretical values. Second, an analysis of the registered accelerograms during a test campaign of a real structure, the viaduct “The Arches of Alconétar”, is performed. It has been observed that in this case, unlike what happens with the theoretical simulations, the obtained results significantly vary depending on the selected calculation method. For this reason, it is important to know which method has been used to calculate the modal damping ratio in structural health monitoring systems, as well as to be cautious in setting thresholds.
Finite 3-orbit polyhedra in ordinary space, II
Authors: Cunningham Gabe , Pellicer Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe enumerate the 188 3-orbit skeletal polyhedra in $${\mathbb {E}}^3$$

E

3

with irreducible symmetry group. The analysis is carried out by determining the polyhedra having each irreducible finite group of isometries as their symmetry group. Relevant information of every polyhedron is also organized in tables.
Encouraging vaccination against COVID-19 has no compensatory spillover effects
Authors: Kourtidis Ploutarchos , Fasolo Barbara , Galizzi Matteo M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEffective communication is essential for delivering public health messages and enabling behaviour change. Little is known about possible backfiring, or spillover effects, of COVID-19 vaccine messaging. In a study with n = 1,848 United Kingdom (UK) adults, we assess whether communication strategies that target vaccine hesitancy have any unintended, positive or negative, spillover effects on people's intention to engage in protective, compliance and prosocial behaviours. In June–July 2021, we conducted an online experiment to assess the potential spillover effects of three messages, emphasising (a) the medical benefits of COVID-19 vaccination, (b) the non-medical collective benefits of vaccination or (c) the non-medical individual benefits of holding a vaccination certificate. Exposure to different messages did not significantly affect people's intention to engage in protective, compliance, or prosocial behaviours. Instead, vaccination status (being vaccinated vs not) was positively associated with intentions to engage in protective, compliance and prosocial behaviours. Our results suggest that communication strategies that aim to increase vaccination uptake do not have any unintended effects on other health behaviours and vaccination campaigns can be tailored to specific populations to increase uptake and compliance.
Hayekian psychological economics: a preliminary look
Authors: Dold Malte , Rizzo Mario 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecently, there has been a lively discussion of “Hayekian Behavioral Economics” in Behavioral Public Policy). We aim to contribute to this debate by identifying the main building blocks of a Hayekian psychology. We highlight that the starting point for Hayek was the quest to understand why humans are typically quite successful in navigating the world. In Hayek's framework, the individual mind is conceptualized as a “system within a system”, i.e., the mind is a complex adaptive system that is continuously interacting with the wider socio-cultural system. Three core ideas are central to a Hayekian psychology: subjectivity, learning and adaptation. We argue that these ideas are quite different from the still dominant heuristics-and-biases perspective and lead to different emphases in economic and social science explanations. One, economists should be cautious in their interpretation of experimental findings since subjective meaning is central to agents' behavior. Two, static and isolated models of individuals' biases might underestimate people's capacity to learn with and from others. And three, despite complex processes of adaptation of the mind and the market, a Hayekian framework is consistent with economists' “explanations of the principle” and “pattern predictions.”
Control of SARS-CoV-2 infection in skilled nursing facilities in Detroit, Michigan: a model for emerging infectious diseases
Authors: Joshi Seema , Arshad Samia , Lindsay Abigail , Heinonen Jessica , Misikir Helina , Zervos John , Prentiss Tyler , Verkler Jelena , Numi Mariia , Czander Bonnie , David Randy E. , Mossing Michael , Kilgore Paul E. , Rehman Najibah , Zervos Marcus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn infection prevention bundle that consisted of the development of a response team, public–academic partnership, daily assessment, regular testing, isolation, and environmental controls was implemented in 26 skilled nursing facilities in Detroit, Michigan (March 2020–April 2021). This intervention was associated with sustained control of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 infection among residents and staff.
Additive effects of a family history of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and an environmental risk score for the outcome of patients with non-affective first-episode psychosis
Authors: Cuesta Manuel J. , García de Jalón Elena , Sánchez-Torres Ana M. , Gil-Berrozpe Gustavo J. , Aranguren Lidia , Gutierrez Gerardo , Corrales Asier , Zarzuela Amalia , Ibañez Berta , Peralta Víctor ,   PEPsNa Group
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground:First-episode psychotic disorders comprise a heterogeneous phenotype with a complex etiology involving numerous common small-effect genetic variations and a wide range of environmental exposures. We examined whether a family of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (FH-Sz) interacts with an environmental risk score (ERS-Sz) regarding the outcome of patients with non-affective first episode psychosis (NAFEP).Methods:We included 288 patients with NAFEP who were evaluated after discharge from an intensive 2-year program. We evaluated three outcome measures: symptomatic remission, psychosocial functioning, and personal recovery. We analyzed the main and joint associations of a FH-Sz and the ERS-Sz on the outcomes by using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) approach.Results:A FH-Sz showed a significant association with poor symptomatic remission and psychosocial functioning outcomes, although there was no significant interaction between a FH-Sz and the ERS-Sz on these outcomes. The ERS-Sz did not show a significant association with poor symptomatic remission and psychosocial functioning outcomes, even though the magnitude of the interaction between ERS-Sz and FH-Sz with the later outcome was moderate (RERI = 6.89, 95% confidence interval −16.03 to 29.81). There was no association between a FH-Sz and the ERS-Sz and personal recovery.Conclusions:Our results provide further empirical support regarding the contribution of FH-Sz to poor symptomatic remission and poor psychosocial functioning outcomes in patients with NAFEP.
A subtype of schizophrenia patients with altered methylation level of genes related to immune cell activity
Authors: Luo Chunyan , Pi Xuenan , Zhang Qi , Hu Na , Xiao Yuan , Sweeney John A. , Bishop Jeffrey R. , Gong Qiyong , Xie Dan , Lui Su 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundEpigenetic changes are plausible molecular sources of clinical heterogeneity in schizophrenia. A subgroup of schizophrenia patients with elevated inflammatory or immune-dysregulation has been reported by previous studies. However, little is known about epigenetic changes in genes related to immune activation in never-treated first-episode patients with schizophrenia (FES) and its consistency with that in treated long-term ill (LTS) patients.MethodsIn this study, epigenome-wide profiling with a DNA methylation array was applied using blood samples of both FES and LTS patients, as well as their corresponding healthy controls. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) andk-means clustering were performed to parse heterogeneity of schizophrenia, and the consistency of subtyping results from two cohorts. was tested.ResultsThis study identified a subtype of patients in FES participants (47.5%) that exhibited widespread methylation level alterations of genes enriched in immune cell activity and a significantly higher proportion of neutrophils. This clustering of FES patients was validated in LTS patients, with high correspondence in epigenetic and clinical features across two cohortsConclusionsIn summary, this study demonstrated a subtype of schizophrenia patients across both FES and LTS cohorts, defined by widespread alterations in methylation profile of genes related to immune function and distinguishing clinical features. This finding illustrates the promise of novel treatment strategies targeting immune dysregulation for a subpopulation of schizophrenia patients.
A multisystem model for understanding stress and adaptation in ethnically and racially diverse youth
Authors: Tyrell Fanita A. , Wang Yuqi S. , Eboigbe Loretta I. , Skeeter Bailey D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractContemporary biological and contextually based theoretical frameworks have conceptualized how stress exposure may influence adaptation in youth. However, nearly all of this scholarship neglects the role of specific contextual features and/or biological processes that are involved in ethnic-racial minority youth’s responses and adaptation to sociocultural stressors. Drawing on the theoretical principles of the developmental psychopathology framework and contemporary models of stress and adaptation, this article proposes a new multisystem model that explains how multiple levels and systems within and outside of individual youth influence their sociocultural adaptation. We provide empirical evidence to support components of this multisystem model. We propose that research based on our new theoretical framework will capture the sociocultural experiences of ethnic-racial minority youth by centering processes that are relevant to their lived experiences, coping, and adjustment. In doing so, this model will inform psychosocial interventions focused on promoting healthy adaptation among ethnic and racial diverse youth. Finally, we offer recommendations to guide future research on stress and adaptation among ethnic and racial diverse youth, in particular, and developmental psychopathology more broadly.
VISCOSITY SOLUTIONS TO THE INFINITY LAPLACIAN EQUATION WITH SINGULAR NONLINEAR TERMS
Authors: LIU FANG , SUN HONG 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the singular boundary value problem
$$ \begin{align*} \begin{cases} \Delta_\infty^h u=\lambda f(x,u,Du) \quad &\mathrm{in}\; \Omega, \\ u>0\quad &\mathrm{in}\; \Omega,\\ u=0 \quad &\mathrm{on} \;\partial\Omega, \end{cases} \end{align*} $$
where
$\lambda>0$
is a parameter,
$h>1$
and
$\Delta _\infty ^h u=|Du|^{h-3} \langle D^2uDu,Du \rangle $
is the highly degenerate and h-homogeneous operator related to the infinity Laplacian. The nonlinear term
$f(x,t,p):\Omega \times (0,\infty )\times \mathbb {R}^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$
is a continuous function and may exhibit singularity at
$t\rightarrow 0^{+}$
. We establish the comparison principle by the double variables method for the general equation
$\Delta _\infty ^h u=F(x,u,Du)$
under some conditions on the term
$F(x,t,p)$
. Then, we establish the existence of viscosity solutions to the singular boundary value problem in a bounded domain based on Perron’s method and the comparison principle. Finally, we obtain the existence result in the entire Euclidean space by the approximation procedure. In this procedure, we also establish the local Lipschitz continuity of the viscosity solution.