bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earliest evidence of spinal tuberculosis from the Aneolithic Yayoi period in Japan
Authors: Suzuki T. , Inoue T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTuberculosis has existed from early prehistoric days to modern times. The main causative agents of tuberculosis worldwide are Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and M. bovis, along with M. africanum, M. cenettii and M. microti; these species make up the ‘M. tuberculosis complex’. This worldwide infection has been of special interest to palaeopathologists due to its characteristic bone lesions as well as its great antiquity. Historically, tuberculosis has been recognised in Japan for more than a thousand years. However, the origin and early prevalence of tuberculosis remain unknown. In the present study, we present the earliest evidence of skeletal tuberculosis found in the Aneolithic Yayoi period in Japan (ca. 300 BC to AD 300). The skeletal remains showing typical pathological changes of spinal tuberculosis were dated to between 454 BC and AD 124 by dendrochronological methods using coburied arrow‐shield board and house columns made of Japanese cedar. We discuss the early prevalence of this infectious disease and its influence on the population history of the Japanese from prehistoric to Aneolithic times. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled technology for forming a nanostructured polymer coating for solid pharmaceuticals
Authors: Csontos István , Rónaszegi Krisztián , Szabó András , Keszei Sándor , Anna Péter , Fekete Pál , Marosi György , Nagy Tibor 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSimple method is proposed for in situ formation of nanodispersion through computer‐controlled emulsion polymerization. The method is based on the application of cationic emulsifier during polymerization, which performs cation exchange with the surface Na ions of montmorillonite nanoparticles. The endpoint of polymerization is detected by Raman microscopy while the structure is determined by atomic force microscopy. The nanodispersion is used in the tablet‐coating process. Raman microscopy provides a new non‐destructive way for controlling the thickness and uniformity of the coatings during the procedure, while the surface defects can be determined by atomic force microscopy. © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The PedsQL™ brain tumor module: Initial reliability and validity
Authors: Palmer Stephanie N. , Meeske Kathleen A. , Katz Ernest R. , Burwinkle Tasha M. , Varni James W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundBrain tumors (BT) are second only to acute lymphoblastic leukemia as the most prevalent form of pediatric cancer, with BT 5‐year survival rates approaching 70%. With increased survival, quality of life has emerged as an essential health outcome. This investigation examines the internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Brain Tumor Module.MethodsThe PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales, PedsQL™ Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, and PedsQL™ Brain Tumor Module were administered to 99 families. The average age of the 56 boys and 43 girls was 9.76 years (range = 2–18 years). The sample included children with tumors located in the posterior fossa/brainstem (N = 62, 62.6%), supratentorial (N = 15, 15.2%), and midline (N = 22, 22.2%). Children were on treatment (N = 46, 46.5%), off treatment <12 months (N = 19, 19.2%), or off treatment >12 months/long‐term survivor (N = 34, 34.3%). Treatment included radiation (N = 61, 61.6%), surgery (N = 83, 83.8%), chemotherapy (N = 87, 87.9%), and bone marrow transplant (N = 5, 5.1%).ResultsInternal consistency reliability was demonstrated for the 24‐item PedsQL™ Brain Tumor Module (average α = 0.78–0.92, parent proxy‐report, n = 99; average α = 0.76–0.87, child self‐report, n = 51). Construct validity for the PedsQL™ Brain Tumor Module was supported through an analysis of the intercorrelations with the Generic Core Scales and Fatigue Scale.ConclusionsThe findings provide support for the measurement properties of the PedsQL™ Brain Tumor Module. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:287–293. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thromboembolism in children with sarcoma
Authors: Athale Uma , Cox Stephanie , Siciliano Sabrina , Chan Anthony K.C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundThromboembolism (TE) is a common complication and cause of death in adults with cancer. Cancer has been identified as a major risk factor in children with TE. However, the information regarding the epidemiology of TE in children with cancer, especially in association with childhood solid tumors, is scant.ObjectiveTo define the prevalence and epidemiology of TE in children with sarcoma.ProcedureHospital records of children ≤18 years of age with sarcoma diagnosed and treated at McMaster Children's Hospital during January 1990 to December 2005 were reviewed for demographic details, details of diagnosis and therapy for sarcoma, and details of diagnosis and management of TE. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact t‐test.ResultsTen of 70 (14.3%; 95% CI; 7.1, 24.7) patients with sarcoma developed symptomatic TE. Patients with CVL‐dysfunction (n = 9) were at significantly higher risk for symptomatic TE compared to those without CVL dysfunction (n = 61) (55.5 vs. 8.2%; P = 0.002, 95% CI; 14.2, 80.5). Patients with pulmonary disease (n = 23) had higher prevalence of TE compared to those without pulmonary disease (n = 47) (26 vs.8.5%; P = 0.07, 95% CI; −2.06, 37.2). Older patients, patients with metastatic disease and those with Ewing sarcoma had higher prevalence of TE.ConclusionsTE is a significant complication in children with sarcoma. Over 50% of patients with CVL dysfunction had symptomatic TE; such patients may warrant careful evaluation for associated TE. Large prospective studies are needed to define the epidemiology and identify risk factors predisposing to TE in children with sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:171–176. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphous hemangioendothelioma in a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Paul Stephan R. , Hurford Matthew T. , Miettinen Markku M. , Aronoff Stephen C. , Delvecchio Michael , Grewal Harsh , Tuluc Madalina 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPolymorphous hemangioendotheliomas (PH) are rare and borderline malignant tumors that are among the wide range of vascular tumors. We report here a 13‐year‐old male presenting with a history of weight loss, opportunistic infections, and lymphadenopathy. He was determined to be HIV positive and to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A biopsy of a femoral node was diagnostic of PH. His systemic lymphadenopathy appeared to resolve with anti‐retroviral therapy. This tumor should be considered within the differential diagnoses of pediatric and immunocompromised patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:663–665. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of proximity to comprehensive sickle cell center on utilization of healthcare services among children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Shankar Sadhna M. , Arbogast Patrick G. , Mitchel Ed , Ding Hua , Wang Winfred C. , Griffin Marie R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of comprehensive care on utilization of healthcare services by children with sickle cell disease (SCD) has not been fully evaluated. We compared the medical care utilization and mortality in children less than 20 years of age with SCD in four regions in the state of Tennessee with and without a comprehensive sickle cell center (CSCC).MethodsRates of hospitalizations, outpatient and emergency department (ED) visits, and deaths were measured in a cohort of children aged <20 years with SCD, enrolled in TennCare, from January 1995 to December 2002. TennCare data linked to Tennessee vital records were used to define the population and identify the outcomes. The patients were classified into one of four regions based on their residential address on the day of their hospitalization or outpatient visit.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 1,214 children with 6,393 person‐years of follow‐up. Fifty‐six percent of patients resided in the region with the CSCC. This region had the highest overall rates of hospitalization for all children (P < 0.001), while ED and outpatient visits were higher in other areas. The death rates ranged from 1.8 to 4.3 per 1,000 person‐years in the four regions and did not represent statistically significant differences.ConclusionNo clear pattern of improved utilization of medical care services were identified in relation to proximity of residence to a CSCC. This cohort was not large enough to detect small differences in death rates. In addition, other outcomes that incorporate quality of life measures may be more sensitive to differences in medical care. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:66–71. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The pitfalls of proteomics experiments without the correct use of bioinformatics tools
Authors: Biron David G. , Brun Christine , Lefevre Thierry , Lebarbenchon Camille , Loxdale Hugh D. , Chevenet François , Brizard Jean‐Paul , Thomas Frédéric 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe elucidation of the entire genomic sequence of various organisms, from viruses to complex metazoans, most recently man, is undoubtedly the greatest triumph of molecular biology since the discovery of the DNA double helix. Over the past two decades, the focus of molecular biology has gradually moved from genomes to proteomes, the intention being to discover the functions of the genes themselves. The postgenomic era stimulated the development of new techniques (e.g. 2‐DE and MS) and bioinformatics tools to identify the functions, reactions, interactions and location of the gene products in tissues and/or cells of living organisms. Both 2‐DE and MS have been very successfully employed to identify proteins involved in biological phenomena (e.g. immunity, cancer, host–parasite interactions, etc.), although recently, several papers have emphasised the pitfalls of 2‐DE experiments, especially in relation to experimental design, poor statistical treatment and the high rate of ‘false positive’ results with regard to protein identification. In the light of these perceived problems, we review the advantages and misuses of bioinformatics tools – from realisation of 2‐DE gels to the identification of candidate protein spots – and suggest some useful avenues to improve the quality of 2‐DE experiments. In addition, we present key steps which, in our view, need to be to taken into consideration during such analyses. Lastly, we present novel biological entities named ‘interactomes', and the bioinformatics tools developed to analyse the large protein–protein interaction networks they form, along with several new perspectives of the field.
Protein stains for proteomic applications:Which, when, why?
Authors: Miller Ingrid , Crawford Johanne , Gianazza Elisabetta 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis review recollects literature data on sensitivity and dynamic range for the most commonly used colorimetric and fluorescent dyes for general protein staining, and summarizes procedures for the most common PTM‐specific detection methods. It also compiles some important points to be considered in imaging and evaluation. In addition to theoretical considerations, examples are provided to illustrate differential staining of specific proteins with different detection methods. This includes a large body of original data on the comparative evaluation of several pre‐ and post‐electrophoresis stains used in parallel on a single specimen, horse serum run in 2‐DE (IPG‐DALT). A number of proteins/protein spots are found to be over‐ or under‐revealed with some of the staining procedures.
Impact of providing audiotapes of primary treatment consultations to men with prostate cancer: a multi‐site, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Hack Thomas F. , Pickles Tom , Bultz Barry D. , Dean Ruether J. , Degner Lesley F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackground: The purpose of this investigation was to systematically examine the efficacy of providing men with prostate cancer with an audiotape of their primary treatment consultation.Method: Participants included 425 men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer and 15 radiation oncologists from 4 cancer centers in Canada. Patients were block randomized to one of four consultation groups: 1. Standard care control—not audio‐taped; 2. Audio‐taped—no audiotape given; 3. Audio‐taped—patient given audiotape; and 4. Audio‐taped—patient offered choice of receiving audiotape or not (4 patients declined; 94 accepted). Patient outcomes were measured at 12 weeks post‐consultation: perceived degree of information provision; audiotape satisfaction and use; communication satisfaction with oncologist; mood state; and cancer‐specific quality of life.Results: Patients receiving the consultation audiotape reported having been provided with significantly more disease and treatment information in general (p=0.04), and more information about treatment alternatives (p=0.04) and treatment side effects (p=0.01) in particular, than patients who did not receive the audiotape. Audiotape benefit was not significantly related to patient satisfaction with communication, mood state or quality of life at 12 weeks post‐consultation, and was not significantly affected by choice of receiving the audiotape. Patients rated the audiotape intervention positively, with an average score of 83.0 out of 100.Conclusion: Consultation audiotapes are rated highly by men with prostate cancer, and these audiotapes help to enhance their perception of having been provided with critical disease‐ and treatment‐related information. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pitfalls in non‐therapeutic research in children
Authors: Mallory George B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractResearch has brought significant medical advances in modern times benefiting virtually all people. Children as a class should not be excluded from research studies. However, non‐therapeutic research is potentially problematic in children because they must be afforded special protection from harm and exploitation by care‐givers, researchers, and institutional review boards. An article in this month's journal provides an opportunity for a systematic analysis using the methodology provided by the United States Code of Federal Regulations. The research design of this particular study does not appear to stand up to the requirements of the Code. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:1014–1016. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung function measurements in a preterm animal model of respiratory failure: Comparison of two different neonatal ventilators
Authors: Yoder Bradley A. , Martin Helen , McCurnin Donald C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA variety of ventilators are used in the NICU. Ventilator and lung function measures are often applied in weaning protocols or as outcome variables. The effect of different ventilators on these measures has not been well studied. Our objective was to compare ventilator and lung function measurements in a chronic preterm animal model managed with two different neonatal ventilators. Timed baboon pregnancies exposed to antenatal steroids were delivered by C/S at 125 days (term = 185 days). Infants were immediately intubated, given surfactant, and ventilated with low tidal volumes (4–6 ml/kg) for 6–14 days using well‐defined protocols. One group was ventilated via InfantStar (IS) and the other by VIP‐Bird (VIP). Physiologic and pulmonary function data were serially recorded with the VitalTrends plethysmography system. Between ventilator comparisons were made. InfantStar (IS) was used on 22 infants in 2002–03, VIP was used on 29 infants in 2004–05. No differences were found for gestation, birth weight, gender, paO2, paCO2, FiO2, arterial/alveolar ratio, dynamic compliance, inspiratory resistance, or tidal volumes. From 24 to 336 h, peak and mean airway pressure, ventilator rate, and ventilatory efficiency index (VEI: PIP × R × CO2/1,000) were significantly greater in the VIP group at multiple time points. VIP use was associated with a significant increase in expiratory airway resistance (Rexp − cmH2O/L/s) at all but one‐time points studied. Compared to the IS, use of the VIP‐Bird ventilator in surfactant treated immature baboons with RDS was associated with increased expiratory airway resistance and indices of impaired ventilation, but not oxygenation. Ventilator management in the NICU, especially weaning, may be affected by the specific ventilator in use. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:1069–1076. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mucoid impaction: An unusual form of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Cakir E. , Uyan Z.S. , Ersu R. Hamutcu , Karadag B. , Karakoc F. , Dagli E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe reported a child with cystic fibrosis (CF) who developed mucoid impaction related to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). This is the first reported case of mucoid impaction related to ABPA in CF described to date in the literature. The case was successfully treated by corticosteroids and itraconazole therapy, but relapsed 6 months later. During exacerbation therapy, cataract formation complicated the corticosteroid treatment. We want to emphasize that 6‐months therapy may be inadequate for the treatment of ABPA, and it is important to monitor for possible complications of corticosteroids therapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:1103–1107. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebral oximetry improves detection of sickle cell patients at risk for nocturnal cerebral hypoxia
Authors: Raj Ashok B. , O'Brien Louise M. , Bertolone Salvatore J. , Gozal David , Edmonds Harvey L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe previously used cerebral oximetry to identify low cerebral venous oxygen saturation in waking children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Because arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation is common during sleep in SCD patients, this study compared both waking and sleeping systemic arterial and cerebral venous oxygenation dynamics in children with and without SCD. Seventeen African‐American (AA) children with homozygous SCD [8 (4–15) years; 29% male; normal transcranial Doppler velocities] were compared with a control cohort (CON) comprised of six healthy AA children [9 (4–16) years, 33% male]. Standard all‐night polysomnographic recordings were performed, including measurement of arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2). Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) was measured non‐invasively with cerebral oximetry. Intra‐cohort comparisons examined the influence of sleep on SpO2 and rSO2 in the subjects. Inter‐cohort comparisons of SpO2, rSO2, and the rSO2/SpO2 ratio assessed the impact of SCD on systemic and cerebral oxygenation during wakefulness and sleep. Cohort differences in SpO2 were not statistically significant in either wakefulness or sleep. However, only in the SCD cohort was the magnitude of SpO2 change statistically significant (P = 0.002). In contrast, both waking and sleep rSO2 cohort median values did differ significantly [awake: CON 76 (67–86) vs. SCD 62 (58–71), P = 0.01; sleep: CON 65 (60–77) vs. SCD 55 (48–61), P = 0.01)]. The waking rSO2/SpO2 ratio was also significantly lower in the SCD group [CON 0.78 (0.68–0.88) vs. SCD of 0.66 (0.61–0.72); P = 0.015]. During sleep, the ratio was also significantly lower in the SCD group [CON 0.71 (0.66–0.81) vs. SCD 0.59 (0.52–0.65); P = 0.011]. Our findings suggest that SCD patients may be at increased risk of cerebral hypoxia during both wakefulness and sleep. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:1088–1094. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of peptide aldehydes
Authors: Moulin Aline , Martinez Jean , Fehrentz Jean‐Alain 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe functionalization of peptides and proteins by aldehyde groups has become the subject of intensive research since the discovery of the inhibition properties of peptide aldehydes towards various enzymes. Furthermore, peptide aldehydes are of great interest for peptide backbone modification or ligation reactions. This review focuses upon their synthesis, which has been developed following two main strategies. The first strategy consists of prior synthesis of the peptide, followed by the introduction of the aldehyde function. The second possible strategy uses α‐amino aldehydes as starting materials. After protection of the aldehyde, peptide elongation occurs. At the end of the synthesis, the aldehyde function can be unmasked. Copyright © 2006 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electret states and current oscillations in the ferroelectric semiconductor TlGaSe2
Authors: Seyidov MirHasan Yu. , Sahin Y. , Erbahar D. , Suleymanov R. A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLow‐frequency current oscillations (LFCOs) have been observed for the first time in the ferroelectric semiconductor TlGaSe2. It is shown that LFCOs can be observed in specially undoped high‐resistivity single crystals and in crystals after annealing for some hours within the incommensurate phase. LFCOs are shown to be due to non‐linear current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the crystals. The origin of the non‐linearity of the I–V characteristics is based on the formation of electret states due to the capture of carriers by deep impurity centres. The possible influence of electret states on the peculiarities of different physical properties observed in these crystals is discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X‐ray diffuse‐scattering study of defects in α‐sapphire
Authors: Gronkowski Jerzy , Borowski Janusz , Zielińska‐Rohozińska Elżbieta , Kowalska Małgorzata , Pakuła Krzysztof 
Published: September 2006

AbstractStrains and defects due to deposition of layered GaN/AlGaN heteroepitaxial structures generated both in α‐sapphire substrates and the layers were studied by X‐ray high‐resolution diffraction and diffuse scattering. Dislocation loops in α‐sapphire were identified by calculations of diffuse‐scattering intensity in the reciprocal‐space maps. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Brillouin scattering study of orthorhombic LiNiPO4 single crystal
Authors: Kurnosov V. S. , Peschanskii A. V. , Fomin V. I. , Yeremenko A. V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractElastic moduli of LiNiPO4 linear magnetoelectric single crystal were determined using Brillouin light scattering measurements at room temperature. The obtained values of the elastic moduli are the following: c 11 = 189.6 ± 0.2, c 22 = 192.6 ± 0.4, c 33 = 229.6 ± 0.2, c 44 = 58.9 ± 0.5, c 55 = 70.4 ± 0.6, c 66 = 75.7 ± 0.5, c 12 = 71.4 ± 0.9, c 13 = 71.0 ± 0.8, and c 23 = 54.5 ± 0.9 in units of 1010 dyn/cm2. Determination of refractive indices at a He–Ne laser wavelength of 632.8 nm was also carried out by means of measurements of Brewster angle, and the following values were obtained: na = 1.713 ± 0.003, nb = 1.698 ± 0.005, and nc = 1.709 ± 0.006. The estimation of the crystal Debye temperature θ D = 645 K was made using elastic constant values. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and electronic properties of chalcopyrite semiconductors AgXY2 (X = In, Ga; Y = S, Se, Te) under pressure
Authors: Chahed A. , Benhelal O. , Rozale H. , Laksari S. , Abbouni N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractResults are presented of a first‐principles calculation of the direct band‐gap pressure coefficient ag for a series of Al, Ga and In chalcopyrite semiconductor compounds AgXY2 (X = Ga, In; Y = S, Se, Te) and the corresponding zinc‐blende structure. Good agreement was found between the calculated and experimental pressure coefficients. It was found that ag in chalcopyrites are dramatically reduced relative to zinc‐blende compounds, and that the Al → Ga → In substitution lowers ag in chalcopyrites more than in zinc‐blende compounds. As a result, the empirical rule suggested for zinc‐blende compounds, stating that for a given transition (e.g. Γ15v → Γ1c) ag does not depend on substitutions, has to be modified for chalcopyrites. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)