bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ever-expanding scope of industrial crises: a systemic study of the Hinsdale telecommunications outage
Authors: Pauchant Thierry C. , Mitroff Ian I. , Weldon Douglas N. , Ventolo Gerald F. 
Published: March 2007

From in-depth studies of industrial crises, six factors emerge which are com mon to the general context of man-made, organizationally induced crises. An analysis of a particular crisis, the Hinsdale communications outage that af fected more than 500,000 customers and businesses in the Chicago area, dem onstrates the importance of these six factors. The paper argues that current efforts in crisis management are primarily re active and focus on treating symptoms. A proactive strategy for crisis manage ment is proposed. This strategy not only follows directly from the six-factor model proposed in the paper but is formulated explicitly to reduce the general context that pervades all crises.
Learning from the Amoco Cadiz oil spill: damage valuation and court's ruling
Authors: Bonnieux F. , Rainelli P. 
Published: March 2007

Bonnieux F., Rainelli P., 1993. Learning from the Amoco Cadiz oil spill: damage val uation and court's ruling. Industrial & Environmental Crisis Quarterly. This article presents a discussion of the different economic costs that result ed from the Amoco Cadiz's oil spill which damaged 200 miles of French coastline in 1978. This case is particularly interesting for several reasons : I) The Amoco Cadiz is the largest vessel spill in history, over five times the amount spilled by the Exxon Valdez in 1989, and is thus, a reference point. II) It reveals the difficulties for economists in evaluating natural damage costs since these costs are highly dependent on the assumptions made in order to calculate them, the models used and the scarcity of data available. III) Since the lawsuits were only settled recently (1992), this case allows for the first longitudinal study of the issues involved in the economic valu ation of a massive oil spill. The conclusion, based on previous discussions on the evaluation of the damages by the different parties involved (plaintiffs, defendant, first court and court of appeals), highlights a number of lessons for the damage assess ment of disasters.
Psychological Preparedness And Crisis Management: Theory And Practice
Authors: Doepel David G. 
Published: March 2007

Doepel, D.G., 1993. Psychological preparedness and crisis management: theory and practice. Industrial & Environmental Crisis Quarterly, 7:4, 279-292. In "Crisis management: the psychological dimension" (Doepel, 1991) and in "Trauma, crisis intervention and psychological debriefing" (Hodgkinson and Stewart, 1993) it has been proposed that corporate crisis management would be more effective if strategies were developed to deal with the stress of man agement and employees in the aftermath of traumatic events. This paper expands this proposal and describes a model of crisis management and crisis preparedness that includes insights about stress during crisis situations in all phases: crisis response plan design, training, and evaluation of crisis plans during simulation exercises. This article also reports upon the implementa tion of this model in a national telecommunications company's "Crisis Preparedness Program".
A psychometric measure of learning disability predicts educational failure four years later in boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Faraone S.V. , Biederman J. , Monuteaux M.C. , Doyle A.E. , Seidman L.J. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: Although most children with ADHD experience school problems, only a subset of these youth meet psychometric criteria for learning disabilities (LD) in reading or mathematics. Considering the well-documented adverse impact of both ADHD and LD on school performance, the presence of both conditions in a given child may herald a particularly poor educational outcome for affected youth. This issue has not been adequately addressed in previous follow-up studies of ADHD. Design: In a four-year follow-up study of ADHD children, the educational, psychiatric, and psychosocial outcomes in ADHD youth with and without LD were examined. Results: Among children with ADHD, LD at baseline selectively predicted poorer educational functioning at follow-up, as manifested by higher rates of grade retention, in-school tutoring, and placement in special classes. In contrast, psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial outcomes were comparable in ADHD youth with and without LD. Conclusions: Results suggest that LD predicts impaired academic outcomes among ADHD children. It does not, however, predict impaired social or psychiatric outcomes. These results stress the importance of including an evaluation of LD in the assessment of ADHD youth.
Measuring teacher attitudes and expectations toward students with ADHD: Development of the Test of Knowledge About ADHD (KADD)
Authors: Hepperlen T.M. , Clay D.L. , Henly G.A. , Barké C.R. , Hehperlen T. Michael , Clay Daniel L. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: The attitudes, expectations, and behaviors of teachers toward children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may have a lasting impact on the academic self-efficacy and success of students with ADHD. Yet, to date there exists no standardized measure of teacher attitudes or expectations toward children with ADHD. The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure teacher attitudes and expectancies toward children with ADHD. Method: The Test of Knowledge About ADHD (KADD) was constructed based on the error-choice method, which is an indirect method of attitude measurement. This psychometric approach was utilized to reduce patterns of response distortions that produce systematic errors in direct attitudinal assessment. Elementary school teachers ( N = 103) completed the error-choice instrument. Conclusion: Results indicated adequate to good internal consistency reliability for the KADD for this sample, with a Cronbach's coefficient alpha of 0.82. Additionally, results yielded initial discriminant evidence to suggest that the KADD has construct valtdity for this sample. Implications for the use of this instrument in applied areas are discussed.
A Comparative Analysis of Lodging General Managers' and Hospitality Accounting Educators' Views of the Importance of Accounting Skills
Authors: Damitio James W. , Schmidgall Raymond S. 
Published: March 2007

This study compares the views of lodging general managers and hospitality accounting educators regarding the importance of accounting skills to hospitality school graduates commencing theirprofessionallodging careers. Similarcompari sons are made regarding the importance of these same skills to the graduates after three years in the lodging industry. Thirty-one skills were used in this research. Statisticallysignificantdifferences between the views of the two groups were present for 16 and 6 of the skills at the commencement of the graduates' professional careers and three years later, respectively. Both groups placed considerably more importance on the skills three years after employment than at the time of employment.
Relative Toxicity of Pyrolysis Gases From Some Rigid Foams Used as Thermal Insulation
Authors: Hilado Carlos J. , Cumming Heather J. , Schneider Andjane E. 
Published: March 2007

Various samples of rigid foams used as thermal insulation were evaluated for toxicity of pyrolysis gases, using the screening test method developed at the University of San Francisco. The rigid foam samples included polyurethane, polyimide, polyisocyanurate, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene. The toxicity of pyrolysis gases from polyurethane rigid foams seemed to depend on foam composition. Polystyrene rigid foam exhibited the longest time to death under these particular test conditions. The rising temperature and fixed temperature programs produced the same rank order of materials based on time to death.
Fire Resistance Tests for Thermal Insulation
Authors: Kanakia M. , Herrera William R. , Hutto Francis B. 
Published: March 2007

This report presents the results of a test program to evaluate the relative performance of three high-temperature thermal insulation systems for steel pipes. Each insulation was installed in two 1 ½-in. thick layers over 3-in. steel pipe and covered by a stainless steel jacket. Nine-ft. 10-in. lengths of insulated pipes were exposed to the ASTM E119 time/temperature profile for two hours and the temperatures of the pipe wall were measured. Times to reach a temperature of 1000° F on the pipe wall were recorded to be approximately one hour for mineral wool insulation and one and one-half hours for perlite insulation. The third sample, calcium silicate insulation, had reached a maximum temperature of 850° F on pipe wall at two hours when the test was terminated. (Extra polation of the curve indicated that calcium silicate insulation would have reached 1000° F in two hours and twelve minutes.) The report also contains a pictorial assessment of damage to the insula tion and pipe after the exposure.
Formaldehyde Odor and Health Problems Within Residences
Authors: Timm William , Smith Patti M. 
Published: March 2007

The National Association of Attorney Generals and several governmental agencies have been seeking to ban Urea-Formaldehyde foam insulation from the market, following all the sensational claims of health hazards appearing in the news media. This paper shows that the incidence of claims is only a fraction of the percent of all the installations made in this country. The individual claims of health hazards have only started to accelerate after one or two bad odor installations have been sensationalized in the press. Medical tests have not verified the actual sources of the symptoms claimed by the consumers. These very same symptoms have appeared in individuals who have had no known contact with formaldehyde. Population studies have not verified the laboratory studies on test animals, and studies conducted on individuals who have had a life time of exposure to for maldehyde foams have not indicated a serious health hazard exists. Some individuals may be more sensitive to formaldehyde fumes; there is no indication of permanent physiological damage to individuals general health from exposure to formaldehyde fumes, and once these individuals are re moved from contact with formaldehyde fumes, the symptoms dissappear. The evaluation of Urea-Formaldehyde insulation must be made from a risk-benefit analysis. Industry admits that all testing of health hazards has not been conducted and complete assurance of the absence of a hazard may never be possible. This statement, however, applies to many sub stances in use by the general public today. This product must be evaluated on its potential to conserve our energy resources and reduce our depend ence on foreign oil imports. This benefit must be compared to the slight risk that some installations may create an odor problem within the resi dence and a smaller percentage of these individuals may be irritated from the foam. Some errors by the applicator or the excess of formaldehyde in general construction materials used in the residence construction can increase the potential for an odor problem. Odors in some incidences are a result of the reduction of ventilation within the structure. Many complaints are claimed to be formaldehyde odor problems because of the same general irritation and symptoms, but on careful and thorouch examination prove to be from a completely different chemical irritant. This paper concludes that 0.8 ppm of formaldehyde vapors is the thresh old of odor and the safe toxic limit is well above this limit. If a value of 0.5 ppm is established as a standard for formaldehyde vapors in a residence there should be no hazard to the health of the individuals residing in the structure.
Learning, for a Change: School Improvement as Capacity Building
Authors: Earl Lorna , Lee Linda 
Published: March 2007

I know of no other strategy which has taken 20 or more schools and shown this level of success — even more quickly than we thought possible — and in a cost effi cient way. (M. Fullan) Since 1991, a number of secondary schools in the Canadian province of Manitoba have been part of an experiment in school improvement. The result? Many of these secondary schools have really moved — they have shown gains in student achievement and have become the kinds of schools that are likely to sustain improvement. Of the 22 schools that were involved in MSIP at the time of our intensive evaluation, one third showed substantial improve ment and half had made considerable movement along the continuum. Although the improvement in schools was excit ing, as evaluators we were particularly interested around how the schools 'got there' and whether or not they could sustain their movement. In our evaluation, we set out to look inside the 'black box'to describe how specific schools actually went about changing their schools, in practice with the hope of uncovering some general principles that could guide schools as the approach any improvement initiatives.
Attitudes Toward Abortion in a Provincial Area of New Zealand: Differentials and Determinants
Authors: Perry Paul , Trlin Andrew 
Published: March 2007

Previous studies of attitudes toward abortion in New Zealand have not provided detailed analyses of differentials in such attitudes, nor have they used multivariate techniques to assess the relative importance of different background variables in accounting for variation in abortion attitudes. This study, using data from a survey of women aged 16-44 years in the Manawatu Region, examines the responses to five abortion attitude questions. The responses have been converted to a single abortion attitude scale, which has been used (a) to examine the bivariate relationships with thirteen different background variables, and (b) as a dependent variable in a series of multivariate analyses using Multiple Classification Analysis. The multivariate results point to the importance of religious beliefs, religion, and family size variables as being the most important independent variables (among those included in the analysis) in accounting for variation in the abortion attitude scale.
The Facilitation of Attainment Aspirations
Authors: Carpenter Peter , Western John 
Published: March 2007

Within the context of the restructuring of higher education and possible changing perceptions about the benefits of higher education among those involved, the impact of selected structural and social psychological variables upon the transition of a group of young people from Year 12 of high school to higher education and/or the workforce is examined. The data reveal that the transition from high school to tertiary education is dependent upon social origins, prior school achievements and aspirations as well as on the processes of interpersonal encouragement and academic self-assessment. Such dependence differs between the sexes. Specifically where educational aspirations are constant social background is more important for men than women while perceived encouragement from significant others, academic self- assessment and academic achievement are more important for women.
A Tale of Two Cities: Marriage and Mobility in New Zealand
Authors: Pearson David , Thorns David C. 
Published: March 2007

This paper seeks to explore the role that occupational mobility has played within New Zealand society. The paper begins by reviewing the approaches found within mobility research and how these have been taken up within New Zealand research. It notes the limited nature of present knowledge and research into patterns of mobility through time. The article then moves to discussing a method for the longi tudinal study of occupational mobility rates through marriage records. Data is presented based upon two Wellington and two Christchurch localities. From the analysis a number of tentative conclusions are drawn regarding both the overall rate of mobility over time and the distance travelled by the more mobile individuals. The analysis shows that there has always been a fairly high level of self-recruitment to occupational positions and a limited amount of long run mobility.
The Response of Orthodox Medicine to the Challenge of Alternative Medicine in Australia
Authors: Easthope Gary 
Published: March 2007

The recent rise in the usage of alternative medicine is a consequence of the interaction between most orthodox doctors and their patients, changes in the medical market and a general societal shift toward postmodernity. The Australian Medical Association has recently responded to this rise by seeking to exclude alternative practices from funding by the government. The success of this tactic is partly dependent on the government's response. The government is faced by two major constituencies in this area: the AMA, who seek more funding for orthodox medicine and the Treasury, who seek to limit funding by capping devices and by arguing for preventive medicine. The government's response has been to channel preventive health practices through orthodox medicine. They are unlikely to support alternative practitioners as they would constitute a further drain on funds. However, this does not mean the AMA's tactic of exclusion will be totally successful. The consumers of medical care are demanding choice, control over their own health and individual attention. If orthodox practitioners do not meet that demand then their patients will desert them.
Acute Rheumatism and Rheumatic Heart Disease
Authors: Conybeare E.T. 
Published: March 2007

Although there has been a substantial decline in its prevalence during the last twenty years, acute rheumatism remains one of the most important diseases of the rheumatic group. Infection with hæmolytic streptococci of Group A is at present the only factor in the aetiology of acute rheumatism which can be identified with confidence. Until other aetiological factors, which almost certainly exist, have been defined the prevention of acute rheumatism rests upon general measures such as diminution of overcrowding which will control the frequency, weight and variety of upper respiratory tract infections among children and young adults. Prompt detection of acute rheumatism, especially of the forms which have an insidious onset, rest in bed during the stages of acute illness and convalescence, together with special clinical arrangements for after-care extending over many years remain the only satisfactory measures for the prevention and limitation of the chronic heart disease caused by acute rheumatism. The chief responsibility for this now lies with the hospital and specialist section of the National Health Service. Research at present in progress may serve to uncover some of the hitherto unknown factors in the aetiology of acute rheumatism and hence lead to better methods for its prevention. The use of penicillin to control upper respiratory infections in rheumatic individuals and of hormones in the treatment of the initial illness which are now being investigated may prove to be valuable in the prevention of chronic rheumatic heart disease.
Positive Health and the Relationship of Man to his Living Environment
Authors: Vickery K.O.A. 
Published: March 2007

Positive health, although exceptional, was seen in certain races, and was therefore an attainable goal. No lesser goal was worthy of the public health service. The evidence of the physical, mental and spiritual ill-health in the community was the challenge for the future. The way ahead was by a consideration of human health within the laboratory of the living world about us. Man's place in the cycle of life was described and the consequences of his breach of that cycle pointed out. The purpose of disease in nature was shown to be a part of the essential cycle of growth, fruition and decay. Indications were given of neglected experimental work showing the intimate association of soil, plant and animal health. It was contended that disease in man, as in the plant and animal world, was largely an indication of imperfect nutrition. Malnutrition in man was shown to arise from an insufficiency of the orthodox advice coupled with a lack of discernment on the part of the consuming public, whose main source of food supply was grown on impoverished soil and further depleted by manipulation and staleness. Corrective measures included education of health workers and elected representatives, and the need for a widespread return of our waste products to the land was stressed.
Learning disability and citizenship: paradigms for inclusion
Authors: Redworth M. , Redworth F. 
Published: March 2007

This paper discusses citizenship and explores the concepts of integration, pluralism and assimilation to determine which offers the most appropriate approach to ensure full citizenship for people with learning disabilities. The paper demonstrates that all three concepts offer an attainable approach to citizenship. However, assimilation, which allows people who are different to become absorbed into society, places higher value on the patterns of life adopted by mainstream society. Thus it fails to value alternative lifestyle models. Integration involves mixing freely with a group and adopting their values without necessarily losing personal values. It is argued that this has been interpreted as a form of 'mainstreaming' whereby people are perceived to be integrated into society but often fail to achieve the citizenship rights afforded to others in that society. Pluralism is seen as the most desirable approach to integration. Here people retain their separate identities and any differences are valued through an ethos of equality of opportunities. The paper progresses to consider how pluralism can be achieved. It argues that positive action is required so that a philosophy of anti-oppression and equal opportunity which underlies citizenship is adopted by society. The paper concludes that it may be necessary to adopt all three approaches to citizenship in order to reach all people within society.
Say it out loud: Does mental context reinstatement out loud benefit immediate and delayed memory recall?
Authors: Gawrylowicz Julie , Pereira Ema 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMental context reinstatement (MCR) is a key part of the cognitive interview. However, police face challenges delivering MCR in real‐life situations. Over the years, modifications have been made to make MCR more user‐friendly for officers and ensure witness engagement. The current study evaluates the impact of vocalizing MCR generations aloud on mock‐witness's immediate and delayed recollections. Participants watched a staged multiple‐car collision and were interviewed about it the next day. Half verbalized mental images aloud (aMCR), while the other half kept them silent in their minds (cMCR). After a week, participants took part in a delayed recall attempt. No significant differences in immediate recall performance were found. During the delayed recall, participants who engaged in aMCR previously recalled significantly more and more correct details than those who received cMCR. aMCR might lead to more coherent representations in working memory, resulting in improved consolidation and better future recall.