bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Fractal Dimension of Grain Boundary as Creep Damage Index of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel
Authors: Nishimura Tatsuya , Negi Katsuki , Watanabe Kei , Hamasaki Kazuki , Tsumemaru Kouta , Mihahara Hiromi , Kawashima Fumiko , Fujiwara Kazuhito 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Type IV creep damage of high chromium steel is a problem in thermal power plants and a method of evaluating remaining life is required. Type IV creep damage is characterized by many voids that initiate in the weldment fine grain heat affected zone (FGHAZ), where the stress multiaxiality (expressed by the Triaxiality Factor, TF) is high. As the creep continues, the shape of the grain boundary becomes simple; that is, close to a straight line. It is known that the grain boundary is fractal. The complexity of the fractal is represented by the fractal dimension. Therefore, we considered that the fractal dimension of the grain boundary in FGHAZ could be an indication of creep damage and studied its change as creep proceeded. First, creep tests were conducted to produce damaged materials, and their fractal dimensions were measured. Next, FEM analysis was conducted to obtain the distribution of the principal stress, TF, and creep strain of the observed surface. The distribution of creep damage was obtained by the time fraction rule. The results of this evaluation confirmed that the fractal dimension of the grain boundary decreases with creep time and that the principal stress and TF affect it.
Study on Quantitative Relation between Stress and Stress Multiaxiality and Initiation Rate, Growth Rate, and Initiation Start Time of Voids in Type IV Creep Damage of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel
Authors: Hamasaki Kazuki , Nishimura Tatsuya , Watanabe Kei , Negi Katsuki , Tsumemaru Kouta , Miyahara Hiromi , Kawashima Fumiko , Fujiwara Kazuhito 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Type IV creep damage is a problem in high-temperature steam piping made of high chromium steel at thermal power plants, and a method for evaluating the remaining life is required. In this study, we considered that void’s initiation and growth can be expressed by initiation rate f, growth rate h, and initiation start time t1, and that stress and TF affect f, h and t1. We also proposed the method to estimate f, h and t1 by measuring the change of the distribution of radius of voids during creep test. The creep test conditions are (1) test temperature of 650 C, maximum principal stress σ1 of 79.5MPa, and TF of 2.5 ~ 3.0, and (2) test temperature of 650C, maximum principal stress of 71.5MPa, and TF of 2.5 ~ 3.0. The influence of σ1 to f, h and t1 was quantified by comparing the result of test (1) and that of test (2).
Deformation Behavior of Advanced γ-TiAl Based Alloys by In-Situ SEM Observation and Digital Image Correlation Technique
Authors: Okada Yotaro , Yamagata Ryosuke , Nakashima Hirotoyo , Takeyama Masao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tensile deformation behavior of γ-TiAl based alloys consisting of α2-Ti3Al/γ lamellar colonies, β-Ti grains, and γ grains were investigated by in-situ scanning electron microscopy and digital image correlation technique, in order to identify the role of each microstructure constituents in deformation. The alloy with nearly lamellar microstructure, in which the volume fraction of β/γ duplex (VDP) is 10%, shows elongation of only 0.14%, whereas the alloy with nearly globular β/γ duplex microstructure with VDP of 94% shows elongation of 0.49%. In α2/γ lamellar microstructure, obvious strain localization occurs along lamellae and develops at specific regions with loading. In the case of β/γ duplex microstructure, strain localization is observed in γ grains and in β phase regions near the β/γ phase boundary, although no obvious deformation is observed in the β grains. β/γ phase boundaries enhances room temperature ductility of TiAl alloys by inducing multiple slip in γ phase and deformation of β phase.
Effect of Carbon in Solution on Phase Equilibria among β/α(α2)/γ Phases in TiAl Alloys Using Soft X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Kimoto Yuta , Nakashima Hirotoyo , Takeyama Masao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Interstitial carbon (C) in β-Ti, α-Ti, α2-Ti3Al and γ-TiAl phases present in the γ-TiAl alloys with and without substitutional elements (M: transition element) is quantitatively analyzed using soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES), in order to reveal the effect of solute carbon on the phase equilibria. SXES for carbon analysis was used and the peak intensity of the second reflection of carbon Kα is analyzed using the fully homogenized sample having different C content under the optimum condition to make the accurate calibration curves. The obtained calibration curve is in an accuracy of ± 0.07 at. % C. In all heat treated alloys, no carbide is observed. In Ti-Al binary system, the α+γ phase region shifts toward higher Ti side, and the volume fraction of γ phase increases slightly with the carbon addition. In all system, carbon preferentially partitions into the α phase, followed by less partitioning in the γ and β phases in order. The carbon content in the β phase remains unchanged of almost 0.05 at. % regardless of carbon addition in Ti-Al-V system and the partition coefficient of carbon between the α and γ phases becomes larger in Ti-Al-V system than that in TiAl binary system.
Experimental and Computational Study on Grain Boundary and Grain Interior Precipitation of Fe2Nb Laves Phase in Fe-Cr-Ni-Nb Austenitic Heat Resistant Steels
Authors: Kikuchi Kenta , Nakashima Hirotoyo , Takeyama Masao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The precipitation behavior of various phases in austenitic heat-resistant model steels, including the Fe2Nb Laves phase (C14 structure) on grain boundaries (GB) and grain interiors (GI), and the Ni3Nb metastable γ“ phase and stable δ phase on GI, was investigated through experimental study at different temperatures and thermokinetic calculation. The steel samples were prepared by arc melting followed by 65% cold rolling. Subsequently, the samples were solution treated within the γ single-phase region to control the grain size to approximately 150 μm. Aging of the solution-treated samples was carried out at temperatures ranging from 973 K to 1473 K for up to 3600 hours. Microstructural observations were conducted using FE-SEM, and the chemical compositions of the γ matrix and precipitates of Laves and δ phases were analyzed using EPMA. The precipitation modeling was performed using MatCalc software, utilizing a thermodynamic database constructed by our research group to calculate the chemical potential of each phase. Classical nucleation theory was applied for nucleation, while the SFFK model was employed for the growth and coarsening stages. Distinct phases were defined for grain boundary and grain interior Laves phase, with all precipitates assumed to have spherical morphology in the calculations. The precipitation start time was defined as the time when the precipitate fraction reached 1%. Experimental results indicated that above 973 K, Laves phase nucleation primarily occurred on grain boundaries before extending into the grain interior, with the nose temperature located around 1273 K. To replicate the experimentally determined Time-Temperature-Precipitation (TTP) diagram, interaction parameters among elements were adjusted. Additionally, by introducing lower interfacial energy between the γ matrix and Laves phase, the TTP diagram was successfully reproduced via calculation, suggesting relative stability at the interface.
Effect of Widmanstätten-Type α2-Ti3Al Plates on Creep in γ-TiAl Based Alloy
Authors: Ikemura Fumiya , Wakabayashi Hideki , Yamagata Ryosuke , Nakashima Hirotoyo , Takeyama Masao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study the effect of Widmanstätten-type morphology α2 plates on creep has been investigated by preparing nearly equiaxed γ (Nγ) and nearly equiaxed γ having Widmanstätten-type α2 plates within grain (Wα2). Creep tests were conducted at 1073 K under constant stresses, high stress and low stress, in air. At the high stress, Wα2 shows creep rate smaller than Nγ in transient stage, both specimens show similar minimum creep rate and the creep strain at minimum creep rate is 3 % for Wα2 and 10 % for N γ, since N γ shows prolonged primary region. In acceleration stage, both show similar behavior with rupture time of about 50 h and rupture elongation of 60 %. At the low stress, on the other hand, reverse behavior occurs, that is, W α2 shows creep rate higher than Nγ in transient stage. The regions near grain boundaries progressively deformed for both specimens at high stress level, whereas deformed region is extended within grain interiors. From these results it is suggested that α2 plate act as the obstacle for dislocation motion in the γ matrix at high stress and that interfacial dislocation promote the creep deformation at low stress.
Novel Microstructure Design Approach Using TCP and GCP in Ni-Cr-M Ternary Systems Based on Phase Diagram Study at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Nagashima Ryota , Yamagata Ryosuke , Nakashima Hirotoyo , Kobayashi Satoru , Takeyama Masao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Strengthening of Ni-based superalloys is in principle designed using GCP (Geometrically Close-packed phase) of Ni3Al-γ' (L12). However, game-changing microstructural design principle without relying on γ' phase will be needed for further development of the alloys. We are currently constructing a novel microstructure design principle, using thermodynamically stable TCP (Topologically Close-packed phase) for grain boundaries, together with GCP other than γ' phase for grain interiors, based on grain boundary precipitation strengthening (GBPS) mechanism. One of the promising systems is Ni-Cr-Mo ternary system, where TCP of NiMo (oP112) phases, μ (hR13) and P (oP56), together with GCP of Ni3Mo (oP8) and Ni2Cr (oP6) exists. In this study, thus, phase equilibria among A1 (fcc)/TCP/GCP phases in Ni-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-W systems have been examined at temperature range from 973 K to 1073 K, based on experiment and calculation. In Ni-Cr-Mo system, Ni2(Cr, Mo) with oP6 Pearson symbol, which is stable at about 873 K in Ni-Cr binary system, is formed to exist even at 1073 K. oP6 phase is coherently formed in A1 matrix with a crystallographic orientation of {110}A1 // (100)oP6, &lt;001&gt;Α1 // [010]oP6, indicating GCP at composition range around Ni-15Cr-15Mo as island. In Mo-rich region there is Α1/NiMo/oP6 three-phase coexisting region, whereas another three-phase coexisting region of Α1/P/oP6 exists in Cr-rich region. Based on vertical section, it is possible to design microstructure with TCP at grain boundaries, together with oP6 phase within grain interiors by two-step heat treatment.
Primary Creep and Stress Relaxation Behavior Modeling of a Steel for Turbine Applications
Authors: Maldini M. , Donnini R. , Ripamonti D. , Riva A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A constitutive equation, with parameters derived from the interpolation of primary and steady state stages of constant load creep curves, has been utilized to estimate the stress relaxation behavior of the martensitic steel X20Cr13, alloy used in many high temperature applications, including heavy duty gas turbines. Creep and stress relaxation tests have been performed at 350°C, close to the negligible creep temperature of the studied alloy for stresses of interest for engineering applications. The creep tests were carried out at stresses below and above the yield stress, whereas, for the relaxation stress tests, the imposed strain was in the range 0.2% to 1.2% with the purpose to have, at the beginning of the tests, the same initial stresses of the performed creep tests. After a stress relaxation period, lasting between 10 to 1000 hours, each specimen was generally reloaded at the initial stress and a new relaxation test, on the same specimen, was carried out. This “reloading procedure”, simulating the re-tightening of bolts, has been repeated several times. The proposed equation has shown to well predict the experimental creep and stress relaxation behavior of the steel under investigation.
Stability of Ordered B2-βo and Disordered bcc-β Phases in TiAl—A First Principles Study
Authors: Pyczak Florian , Kononikhina Victoria , Stark Andreas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Either at higher temperatures or when a certain alloying element content is exceeded, γ-TiAl alloys contain the β phase (bcc) or its ordered derivate βo (B2). The relatively soft β phase can facilitate hot deformation, but βo is detrimental for creep strength and ductility. Thus, knowledge about βo→β phase transformation is desirable. Surprisingly, for the binary Ti-Al system it is under discussion whether the ordered βo phase exists. Also, the effect of alloying elements on the β phase ordering is still unclear. In the present work the ordering of the β phase in binary Ti-(39,42,45)Al and ternary Ti-42Al-2X alloys (X=Fe, Cr, Nb, Ta, Mo) which was experimentally investigated by neutron and high energy X-ray diffraction is compared with the results of first principles calculations using density functional theory. Except for Cr the experimentally determined and the predicted behavior correspond.
700℃ A-USC Technology Development in Japan
Authors: Fukuda Masafumi , Yagi Yutaka , Fukutomi Hiroyuki , Nishinoiri Satoshi , Sato Katsura , Nishii Toshiaki , Nishimaki Kojiro , Takano Tetsu , Aoki Hiroshi , Okuma Yoshitomo , Furukawa Takashi , Shimada Masahiko , Saito Nobuhiko , Hashimoto Keita , Kitamura Masaki , Saito Eiji , Semba Hiroyuki , Matsubara Yoichi , Takahashi Koichi , Takahashi Takeo , Suga Takeo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
CO2 emission reduction from coal power plants is still a serious issue to mitigate the impact of global warming and resulting climate change, though renewables are growing today. As one of the solutions, we developed A-USC (Advanced Ultra Super Critical steam condition) technology to raise the thermal efficiency of coal power plants by using high steam temperatures of up to 700℃ between 2008 and 2017 with the support of METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) and NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization). The temperature is 100℃ higher than that of the current USC technology. Materials and manufacturing technology for boilers, turbines and valves were developed. Boiler components, such as super heaters, a thick wall pipe, valves, and a turbine casing were successfully tested in a 700℃-boiler component test facility. Turbine rotors were tested successfully, as well, in a turbine rotating test facility under 700℃ and at actual speed. The tested components were removed from the facilities and inspected. In 2017, following the component tests, we started a new project to develop the maintenance technology of the A-USC power plants with the support of NEDO. A pressurized thick wall pipe is being tested in a 700℃ furnace to check the material degradation of an actual sized component.
Multi-omics comprehensive analysis reveals the predictive value of N6-methyladenosine- related genes in prognosis and immune escape of bladder cancer
Authors: Liu Yang , Pang Zhongqi , Wang Jianshe , Wang Jinfeng , Ji Bo , Xu Yidan , He Jiaxin , Zhang Lu , Han Yansong , Shen Linkun , Xu Wanhai , Ren Minghua 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most frequent RNA modification in mammals, and its role in bladder cancer (BC) remains rarely revealed. OBJECTIVE: To predict the value of m6A-related genes in prognosis and immunity in BC. METHODS: We performed multiple omics analysis of 618 TCGA and GEO patients and used principal component analysis (PCA) to calculate the m6A score for BC patients. RESULTS: We described the multiple omics status of 23 m6A methylation-related genes (MRGs), and four m6A clusters were identified, which showed significant differences in immune infiltration and biological pathways. Next, we intersected the differential genes among m6A clusters, and 11 survival-related genes were identified, which were used to calculate the m6A score for the patients. We found that the high-score (HS) group showed lower tumor mutation burden (TMB) and TP53 mutations and better prognosis than the low-score (LS) group. Lower immune infiltration, higher expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA4, and higher immune dysfunction and immune exclusion scores were identified in the LS group, suggesting a higher possibility of immune escape. Finally, the experimental verification shows that the m6A related genes, such as IGFBP1, plays an important role in the growth and metastasis of bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: These findings revealed the important roles of m6A MRGs in predicting prognosis, TMB status, TP53 mutation, immune functions and immunotherapeutic response in BC.
Computability and non-monotone induction
Authors: Normann Dag 
Published: March 2024

Non-monotone inductive definitions were studied in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s with the aim of understanding connections between the complexity of the formulas defining the induction steps and the ordinals measuring the rank of the inductive process. In general, any type 2 functional will generate an inductive process, and in this paper we will view non-monotone induction as a functional of type 3. We investigate the associated computation theory of this functional inherited from the Kleene schemes and we investigate the associated companion of sets with codes computable in the functional of non-monotone induction. The interest in this functional is motivated from observing that constructions via non-monotone induction appear to be natural in classical analysis. There are two groups of results: We establish strong closure properties of the least ordinal without a code computable in the functional of non-monotone induction, and we provide a characterisation of the class of functionals of type 3 computable from this functional, a characterisation in terms of sequential operators working in transfinite time. We will also see that the full computational power of non-monotone induction is required when this principle is used to construct functionals witnessing the compactness of the Cantor space and of closed, bounded intervals.
Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaves as growth promoter in lambs’ diets
Authors: MARTÍNEZ AISPURO JOSÉ ALFREDO , CORDERO MORA JOSÉ LUIS , MARTINEZ GARCÍA JOSE ANTONIO , MENDOZA MARTÍNEZ GERMAN DAVID , SANCHEZ TORRES ESQUEDA MARIA TERESA , FIGUEROA VELASCO JOSÉ LUIS 
Published: March 2024

Objective: To evaluate the dietary inclusion of neem leaves on the productive and biochemical performance of fattening lambs.
Design/methodology: Forty male lambs were assigned according to a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of dietary inclusion of neem at 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 g kg-1 DM for 35 days.
Results: The inclusion of neem leaf in the diet did not affect the productive performance (P>0.05), while protein and energy metabolites were modified (P≤0.05).
Limitations on study/implications: The bioactive compounds present in neem modified the metabolites related to protein and energy metabolism, although these changes did not reflect improvements in the productive performance.
Conclusions: The inclusion of dietary neem (2.5-7.5 g kg-1) has no effect on the productive performance, although it does modify some energy and protein metabolites.
Field identification of Huanglongbing (HLB) and its management alternatives
Authors: Martínez-Netro Karen J. , Martínez-Padrón Hadassa Y , Segura-Martínez Ma. T.J. , Paredes-Sánchez Francisco A. , Herrera-Mayorga Verónica , Rodríguez-Herrera Raúl , Osorio-Hernández Eduardo 
Published: March 2024

EObjective: The objective of this investigation is to identify huanglongbing (HLB) in the field and know their control altenatives.
Design/methodology/approach: Was investigated the introduction of the phytopathogen Candidatus Liberibacter, symptoms and control of HLB. The generally observed symptoms of this disease are irregular yellowing in the leaves and reversed ripening on the fruit.
Results: According to various authors, an integrated control of the disease must be carried out, such as pest control, production of seedlings in certified nurseries, a suitable nutrition management and working together with educational and research institutions.
Limitations on study/implications: HLB or citrus greening is the most devastating disease of citrus trees which has caused millions of dollars in losses worldwide. However, although there are several research, there is still no established cure.
Findings/conclusions: Research such as that carried out by geneticist Hailing Jin at the University of California Riverside can give hope for the cure or control of this disease, however, there are limitations to this product since it is not yet commercialized
Manejo do enfermeiro na manutenção do potencial doador de órgãos na unidade de terapia intensiva: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Guedes Michele Ribeiro da Silva , Galindo Ana Raquel Ferreira , Marques Bárbara  Clarice dos Santos , Buarque Bruna de Souza , Leite Emanuelly Falcão de Sousa , Barbosa Hosana dos Santos , Bezerra João Alberto Soares , Silva Márcia Maria de Lima , Cavalcanti Marlon Chaves , Silva Roberto Bezerra da , Bandeira Tayanne Laiz da Silva , Silva Whâniza Sulana Costa 
Published: March 2024

A importância da atuação do enfermeiro de forma adequada diante do paciente com morte encefálica é crucial para a viabilização e o aumento do número de transplantes. A assistência prestada em tempo e com rigoroso conhecimento técnico científico ao paciente determinará o sucesso ou não da doação. Este estudo pretende realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura com busca nas bases de dados BVS, Medline, Lilacs e BDENF, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2022. Critérios de inclusão: estudos com texto na íntegra, publicados nos idiomas português e inglês. Excluídos: textos da literatura cinzenta. Descritores utilizados: obtenção de tecidos e órgãos, morte encefálica, enfermagem. A manutenção do potencial doador é parte do processo de doação de órgãos, essencial para viabilizar os órgãos para o transplante. O profissional de enfermagem necessita obter conhecimento sobre as alterações fisiológicas que acometem o paciente portador de morte encefálica a fim de ajustar possiveis alterações. O cenário de doação de órgãos e transplantes ainda possui um longo caminho em sua evolução, necessitando de profissionais capacitados para atuar nas diversas partes do processo, sendo a manutenção do paciente doador uma das partes mais importantes para que se obtenha sucesso do transplante de forma eficiente e assim promovendo enxertos de qualidade aos receptores.