bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical evaluation of CT-MRI combined femoral model
Authors: Lee Yeon S , Seon Jong K , Shin Vladimir I , Kim Gyu-Ha , Jeon Moongu 
Published: January 2008

Abstract

Background
Both CT and MRI are complementary to each other in that CT can produce a distinct contour of bones, and MRI can show the shape of both ligaments and bones. It will be ideal to build a CT-MRI combined model to take advantage of complementary information of each modality. This study evaluated the accuracy of the combined femoral model in terms of anatomical inspection.

Methods
Six normal porcine femora (180 ± 10 days, 3 lefts and 3 rights) with ball markers were scanned by CT and MRI. The 3D/3D registration was performed by two methods, i.e. the landmark-based 3 points-to-3 points and the surface matching using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. The matching accuracy of the combined model was evaluated with statistical global deviation and locally measure anatomical contour-based deviation. Statistical analysis to assess any significant difference between accuracies of those two methods was performed using univariate repeated measures ANOVA with the Turkey post hoc test.

Results
This study revealed that the local 2D contour-based measurement of matching deviation was 0.5 ± 0.3 mm in the femoral condyle, and in the middle femoral shaft. The global 3D contour matching deviation of the landmark-based matching was 1.1 ± 0.3 mm, but local 2D contour deviation through anatomical inspection was much larger as much as 3.0 ± 1.8 mm.

Conclusion
Even with human-factor derived errors accumulated from segmentation of MRI images, and limited image quality, the matching accuracy of CT-&-MRI combined 3D models was 0.5 ± 0.3 mm in terms of local anatomical inspection.
Issues in the construction of wealth indices for the measurement of socio-economic position in low-income countries
Authors: Howe Laura D , Hargreaves James R , Huttly Sharon RA 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological studies often require measures of socio-economic position (SEP). The application of principal components analysis (PCA) to data on asset-ownership is one popular approach to household SEP measurement. Proponents suggest that the approach provides a rational method for weighting asset data in a single indicator, captures the most important aspect of SEP for health studies, and is based on data that are readily available and/or simple to collect. However, the use of PCA on asset data may not be the best approach to SEP measurement. There remains concern that this approach can obscure the meaning of the final index and is statistically inappropriate for use with discrete data. In addition, the choice of assets to include and the level of agreement between wealth indices and more conventional measures of SEP such as consumption expenditure remain unclear. We discuss these issues, illustrating our examples with data from the Malawi Integrated Household Survey 2004–5.

Methods
Wealth indices were constructed using the assets on which data are collected within Demographic and Health Surveys. Indices were constructed using five weighting methods: PCA, PCA using dichotomised versions of categorical variables, equal weights, weights equal to the inverse of the proportion of households owning the item, and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Agreement between indices was assessed. Indices were compared with per capita consumption expenditure, and the difference in agreement assessed when different methods were used to adjust consumption expenditure for household size and composition.

Results
All indices demonstrated similarly modest agreement with consumption expenditure. The indices constructed using dichotomised data showed strong agreement with each other, as did the indices constructed using categorical data. Agreement was lower between indices using data coded in different ways. The level of agreement between wealth indices and consumption expenditure did not differ when different consumption equivalence scales were applied.

Conclusion
This study questions the appropriateness of wealth indices as proxies for consumption expenditure. The choice of data included had a greater influence on the wealth index than the method used to weight the data. Despite the limitations of PCA, alternative methods also all had disadvantages.
Phase III Randomized, Intergroup Trial Assessing Imatinib Mesylate At Two Dose Levels in Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Expressing the Kit Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: S0033
Authors: Blanke Charles D. , Rankin Cathryn , Demetri George D. , Ryan Christopher W. , von Mehren Margaret , Benjamin Robert S. , Raymond A. Kevin , Bramwell Vivien H.C. , Baker Laurence H. , Maki Robert G. , Tanaka Michael , Hecht J. Randolph , Heinrich Michael C. , Fletcher Christopher D.M. , Crowley John J. , Borden Ernest C. 
Published: January 2008

Purpose To assess potential differences in progression-free or overall survival when imatinib mesylate is administered to patients with incurable gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) at a standard dose (400 mg daily) versus a high dose (400 mg twice daily). Patients and Methods Patients with metastatic or surgically unresectable GIST were eligible for this phase III open-label clinical trial. At registration, patients were randomly assigned to either standard or high-dose imatinib, with close interval follow-up. If objective progression occurred by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, patients on the standard-dose arm could reregister to the trial and receive the high-dose imatinib regimen. Results Seven hundred forty-six patients with advanced GIST from 148 centers across the United States and Canada were enrolled onto this trial in 9 months. With a median follow-up of 4.5 years, median progression-free survival was 18 months for patients on the standard-dose arm, and 20 months for those receiving high-dose imatinib. Median overall survival was 55 and 51 months, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in objective response rates, progression-free survival, or overall survival. After progression on standard-dose imatinib, 33% of patients who crossed over to the high-dose imatinib regimen achieved either an objective response or stable disease. There were more grade 3, 4, and 5 toxicities noted on the high-dose imatinib arm. Conclusion This trial confirms the effectiveness of imatinib as primary systemic therapy for patients with incurable GIST but did not show any advantage to higher dose treatment. It appears reasonable to initiate therapy with 400 mg daily and to consider dose escalation on progression of disease.
Coordination Structure Changes of Linear Cobalt(II) Triazole Complexes Induced by Binding of Long-chained Alcohols: Adaptive Molecular Clefts
Authors: Kuroiwa Keita , Kimizuka Nobuo 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Lipophilic, linear cobalt(II) triazole complex Co(1)3Cl2 in chloroform shows sol-to-gel transition upon addition of long-chained alcohols. Binding of alcohol molecules induces coordination structure changes (octahedral, Oh to tetrahedral, Td), which promotes aggregation of nanofibers and concomitant physical gelation. The surface of lipophilic, linear complexes provides binding sites for guest molecules, which is referred to as adaptive molecular clefts.
Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants Among College Students: Associations with Attention‐Deficit‐Hyperactivity Disorder and Polydrug Use
Authors: Arria Amelia M. , Caldeira Kimberly M. , O'Grady Kevin E. , Vincent Kathryn B. , Johnson Erin P. , Wish Eric D. 
Published: January 2008

Study Objective. To define, among a sample of college students, the nature and extent of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NPS), including both overuse and use of someone else's drug, for attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); to characterize NPS among individuals not medically using a prescription stimulant for ADHD; and to determine whether NPS and overuse of a medically prescribed stimulant for ADHD were independently associated with an increased risk of other illicit drug use and dependence on alcohol and marijuana.Design. Cross‐sectional analysis of personal interview data.Setting. Large public university in the mid‐Atlantic region.Participants. A cohort of 1253 first‐year college students aged 17–20 years.Measurements and Main Results. All students completed a 2‐hour personal interview to ascertain medical use and overuse of prescription stimulants, NPS, nonmedical use of other prescription drugs and illicit drug use, and dependence on alcohol and marijuana. Comparisons were made among nonusers, nonmedical users, and medical users of prescription stimulants for ADHD (ADHD+), some of whom overused their drug. Of 1208 students who were not using prescription stimulants medically for ADHD (ADHD‐), 218 (18.0%) engaged in NPS. Of 45 ADHD+ students, 12 (26.7%) overused their ADHD drug at least once in their lifetime, and seven (15.6%) nonmedically used someone else's prescription stimulants at least once in their lifetime. Among 225 nonmedical users, NPS was infrequent and mainly associated with studying, although 35 (15.6%) used prescription stimulants to party or to get high. Lifetime NPS was associated with past‐year other drug use. Both NPS and overuse of prescribed stimulants for ADHD were independently associated with past‐year use of five drugs, holding constant sociodemographic characteristics; NPS was also associated with alcohol and marijuana dependence.Conclusions. Physicians should be vigilant for possible overuse and/or diversion of prescription stimulants for ADHD among college students who are medical users of these drugs, as well as the occurrence of illicit drug use with NPS. Initiation of comprehensive drug prevention activities that involve parents as well as college personnel is encouraged to raise awareness of NPS and its association with illicit drug use.
Mature Field Rejuvenation of a Tight Gas Carbonate Utilizing Coiled Tubing Underbalanced Drilling Techniques
Authors: Mykytiw C. , Killip D. , Brewin R. , Capps J. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The Margham Dubai Establishment (MDE) asset is a mature gas-condensate field that was put on production in 1985. As the energy demands of Dubai are ever increasing, MDE has been releasing (net) gas resulting in rapid dwindling of remaining reserves. In order to reduce the amount of alternate fuels required to meet the Dubai energy demands, MDE initiated a drastic field intervention campaign prior to June 1, 2006. Preliminary feasibility studies concluded that the only identified practical option of increasing drainage capacity was to re-enter existing wells drilling high deviation multi-laterals with coiled-tubing, underbalanced drilling (CTUBD) techniques. After approximately three months of rigorous project planning and engineering, the well sequence of Phase I was initiated (4 wells). Upon completion, a 73% net increase (including average field decline) of gas from the Margham field was observed equating to a gas lift cost of less than $2/Mscf (25% less cost than alternate fuels). Due to the success of Phase I, an additional four wells were approved. Upon Phase II completion, a 125% increase (over nonintervention predicted field production rate) resulted, equating to a gas lift cost of less than $1.33/Mscf. The reduction in lift cost in Phase II was attributed to the cost of front-end engineering, mobilization, retention of equipment and additional start-up costs all being absorbed in Phase I. Also, the technical limit (rig move, milling time, drilling time, etc.) for the CTUBD operation was not reached until the drilling of the third well. Thereafter a third and final phase was approved consisting of three additional wells. The total number of wells rejuvenated was eleven.
This paper addresses the conceptualization of the project, the well selection criteria, identified risk and uncertainties, the risk management methods employed, environmental impact, implementation practices, key achievements, production improvement, ultimate recovery enhancement and a cost versus value summary. Overall the CTUBD intervention campaign as a mature field rejuvenation technique has been a great technical and economic achievement. In addition to the apparent increase in production, the rejuvenation of the Margham field will allow for more efficient gas storage methods in the future (if required) due to the increased injectivity index and the ability to use fewer wells for gas cycling.
Enhancement of Well Productivity: Investigation of the Feasibility of UBD for Minimizing Formation Damage
Authors: Salimi Siroos , Tronvoll Johan 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
This paper describes the use of a numerical simulator for study of productivity improvement by application and proper performance of UBD in wells, which are faced with near-wellbore damage. Minimizing formation damage in the near- wellbore region and thus ensuring proper well performance for enhanced productivity of the well also results in increased recovery factor. Formation damage caused by conventional overbalanced drilling (OBD) can be reduced or eliminated through UBD, which may ensure the original formation productivity is maintained. A single horizontal well numerical model has been built that simulates the UBD and OBD processes and their impacts on production of hydrocarbon under a variety of reservoir conditions. The paper describes study methodology, models, simulation results and analysis results. It also summarises the formation criteria for successful UBD operations. For the purpose of expressing rate versus time, the production rate as a series of steady state production with increasing radius of drainage is considered. This dimensionless analysis of productivity (PID) provides a simple way to describe the productivity trend with different reservoir and fluid properties and well geometry. Several hundred cases have been numerically simulated for different reservoirs and drilling operations. Dry gas, gas condensate reservoir, dead oil reservoir and black oil reservoir have been considered. Several sensitivity analyses such as impact of OBP pressure and OBP time and effect of horizontal well length have been simulated. The results clearly show that proper candidate selection is the key to success of UBD projects. This clearly demonstrates that UBD operation is good choice for some reservoirs but not for all. The results of this study provide a set of reservoir criteria that can be used as guidelines to evaluate potential UBD candidates.
Highly Advanced Multitechnical MPD Concept Extends Achievable HPHT Targets in the North Sea
Authors: Syltøy Svein , Eide Svein Erik , Torvund Steinar , Berg Per Cato , Larsen Tore , Fjeldberg Helge , Bjørkevoll Knut Steinar , McCaskill John , Prebensen Ole Iacob , Low Eric 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Drilling wells in high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) reservoirs is often characterized by a narrow operating window between formation pore pressure and fracture pressure. Depletion further reduces this window. Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) provides methods for operating within safe limits in the narrow HPHT windows. Exceptional control over downhole pressures can be achieved with advanced MPD technologies that are uniquely suited for the HPHT environment. Such control can extend achievable HPHT targets, yet still have the flexibility to deal with the troubles that so often arise in these difficult environments.
The advanced MPD system developed for StatoilHydro's Kvitebjørn HPHT field are presented along with experiences from their use in the field. This includes: ManagementRunning a real-time, online, advanced dynamic flow modelAutomatic dual redundant choke system with continuously updated pressure set-point from the flow modelContinuous Circulation System (CCS)Pressure Control While Drilling (PCWD)Caesium Formate mud system - A designer mud containing formation strengthening particles.Balanced Mud Pill (BMP) - An innovative fluid technology developed for performing a precision top kill, producing minimal pressure surge when pulling the drillstring and running liner.
Opportunities and Challenges for Diabetes Prevention at Two Community Health Centers
Authors: Rosal Milagros C. , Benjamin Evan M. , Pekow Penelope S. , Lemon Stephenie C. , von Goeler Dorothea 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—Translating evidence-based diabetes prevention interventions to disadvantaged groups is a public health priority that poses unique challenges. Community health centers (CHCs) provide unequaled opportunities to prevent diabetes among poor and minority high-risk groups. This formative study sought to assess structural, processes-of-care (health care quality domains), and patient factors that need to be considered for diabetes prevention at CHCs.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A multimethod approach was implemented to assess system-, provider-, and patient-level factors at two large CHCs serving diverse urban communities.
RESULTS—Medical chart audits (n = 303) showed limited documentation of risks. Provider surveys (n = 74) evidenced knowledge gaps regarding factors associated with increased diabetes risk, efficacy of pharmacological interventions, and low perceived efficacy in promoting patient behavior change. Patient focus groups (two groups) with at-risk Hispanics and African Americans suggested mixed knowledge regarding whether diabetes can be prevented, some knowledge gaps regarding factors related to risk, and multiple challenges for lifestyle change.
CONCLUSIONS—Multiple and multilevel challenges to translating diabetes prevention interventions for the benefit of at-risk populations who seek care at CHCs were observed.
Accuracy of Perceptions of Overweight and Relation to Self-Care Behaviors Among Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes and Their Parents
Authors: Skinner Asheley Cockrell , Weinberger Morris , Mulvaney Shelagh , Schlundt David , Rothman Russell L. 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—To examine how adolescents with type 2 diabetes and their parents/primary caregivers perceive the adolescents’ weight and the relationship of those perceptions to diet and exercise behaviors and perceived barriers to healthy behaviors.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Interviews were conducted with adolescents and their parents about perceptions of the adolescents’ weight, diet, and exercise behaviors, as well as barriers to engaging in healthy diet and exercise behaviors. Interviews were linked with clinic records to provide BMI.
RESULTS—A total of 104 parent-adolescent dyads participated. Parents and adolescents typically perceived the adolescents’ weight as less severe than it actually was. For parents and adolescents, underestimating the adolescents ’ weight was associated with poorer diet behaviors and more perceived barriers to following healthy diet or exercise behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS—Addressing misperceptions of weight by adolescents and their parents may be an important first step to improving weight in these patients.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Death Certificates for Diabetes
Authors: Cheng W. Susan , Wingard Deborah L. , Kritz-Silverstein Donna , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in U.S adults, which may be an underestimate because of under-reporting on death certificates. In this study we examined death certificate sensitivity and specificity for diabetes, as well as the factors related to better reporting, in a community-based sample.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Death certificates were obtained for 3,209 decedents who were enrolled in the Rancho Bernardo cohort in 1972–1974 and followed through 2003. Diabetes status was reassessed at periodic clinic visits and annual mailed surveys during an average follow-up of 15.2 ± 7.6 years. Diabetes reported anywhere on death certificates was abstracted. Sensitivity and specificity calculations among diabetic participants were stratified by age, sex, year, place, cause of death, and diabetes medication use.
RESULTS—Among 1,641 men and 1,568 women, 378 decedents had a history of diabetes, 168 of whom had diabetes listed anywhere on their death certificates. The sensitivity and specificity were 34.7 and 98.1%. Diabetes reporting on death certificates did not improve over time or vary significantly by age and sex, but sensitivity for diabetes reporting was better for recent (1992–2003) cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths compared with any other causes of death (48.9 vs. 28.6%, respectively, P &lt; 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS—Although diabetes reporting on death certificates did not improve over time, sensitivity was better for diabetes in the context of CVD deaths, probably reflecting the increasing recognition that diabetes is a major cardiovascular risk factor.
Salsalate Improves Glycemia and Inflammatory Parameters in Obese Young Adults
Authors: Fleischman Amy , Shoelson Steven E. , Bernier Raquel , Goldfine Allison B. 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—Sedentary lifestyle and a western diet promote subacute-chronic inflammation, obesity, and subsequently dysglycemia. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of the anti-inflammatory drug salsalate to improve glycemia by reducing systemic inflammation in obese adults at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In a double-masked, placebo controlled trial, we evaluated 20 obese nondiabetic adults at baseline and after 1 month of salsalate or placebo.
RESULTS—Compared with placebo, salsalate reduced fasting glucose 13% (P &lt; 0.002), glycemic response after an oral glucose challenge 20% (P &lt; 0.004), and glycated albumin 17% (P &lt; 0.0003). Although insulin levels were unchanged, fasting and oral glucose tolerance test C-peptide levels decreased in the salsalate-treated subjects compared with placebo (P &lt; 0.03), consistent with improved insulin sensitivity and a known effect of salicylates to inhibit insulin clearance. Adiponectin increased 57% after salsalate compared with placebo (P &lt; 0.003). Additionally, within the group of salsalate-treated subjects, circulating levels of C-reactive protein were reduced by 34% (P &lt; 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS—This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that salsalate reduces glycemia and may improve inflammatory cardiovascular risk indexes in overweight individuals. These data support the hypothesis that subacute-chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity-related dysglycemia and that targeting inflammation may provide a therapeutic route for diabetes prevention.