bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive Failure Analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite with a Circular Notch by Varying Fiber Orientation
Authors: Yousuf Aquib Bin , Asif Sajjid Hasan , Rumi Md Jalal Uddin , Hasan Kamrul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Progressive failure for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) was computationally studied and analyzed using Hashin’s failure criteria. It was an interactive failure criterion having 4 separate modes of failure. 8 layers of plies were oriented at specific stacking sequences to create different laminates with dimensions being specified using the ASTM D5766 standard. A total of 7 types of laminate were modeled and simulated to predict the failure for each type under tensile loading. A circular notch was added in the center for the concentration of stress. The damage to the fiber and matrix propagated and failed the structure. Contour plot analyses showed failure progression of fibers and matrix around the circular notch. Results show that matrix failure most predominant and critical type of failure for most laminates. From the stress vs. strain curves, it was seen that the [0/90]4 cross-ply laminate showed the highest open-hole tensile strength.
Study on Exhaust Gas Characteristics of SI Engine Using Fuel (Gasoline) & HHO Gas
Authors: Kharshiduzzaman Md. , Ahmmed Md. Fahim , Munshi Ehsan Hossain , Mozumder Azizul Bari 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Experiments have been carried out to investigate the effect of HHO gas on the emission and performance of SI engines. Water was converted into hydrogen and oxygen consisting of a 2:1 volume ratio by electrolysis process, which is called HHO (oxyhydrogen gas). An HHO fuel cell had been fabricated to generate the HHO gas required to feed the engine. This HHO is then mixed with filtered air, which is after the air filter system and before the inlet manifold system of the vehicle. In this investigation, a 125-cc single-cylinder 4-stroke air-cooled engine was used. The exhaust gas characteristics were sampled and measured using a gas analyzer. It was observed that when HHO gas had been introduced into the air/fuel mixture, it consequently reduced the concentration of NO, NOx, CO, engine temperature, and HC by about 50%, 50%, 38%, 5% & and 45% respectively. Also, a reduction in fuel consumption is noticed for the same engine RPM and load conditions when HHO gas was imported into the A/F mixture. Also, when HHO is introduced into the system, the concentration of O2 CO2 increases by about 50% and 23% respectively.
Stacking Sequence and Weight Fraction Effect on Tensile and Flexural Properties of Woven Jute and Woven Carbon-Jute Reinforced Polyester Composites
Authors: Kharshiduzzaman Md. , Khan Sakib Hossain , Rozario Mack Jerald , Fahim Golam , Bhuiyan Shahnewaz , Gafur Md. Abdul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hybrid composites are a category of composites in which more than one types of fiber are used to reinforce the matrix. In this work, the mechanical properties of jute woven & and carbon-jute woven reinforced polymer matrix hybrid composites were evaluated to assess a comparative study between the two configurations varying the stacking sequences. Specimens of composites were prepared by hand layup process. To observe the effect of fiber weight fraction on properties, two types of composites were made having matrix-fiber weight fractions of 85:15 & and 80:20. Moreover, by altering the stacking sequences of the composites, these properties were also examined for the carbon-jute reinforced polymer matrix composites. It was observed that a hybrid jute-carbon composite having a stacking sequence of j/c/j/c/j and weight fraction ratio of 80:20 exhibited a better tensile strength of 108.795(10.885) MPa and Young’s modulus of 6.052(0.489) GPa. Superior flexural strength of 150.41 (±7.501) MPa and flexural modulus of 6.845(±0.825) GPA were found in hybrid jute-carbon composite having stacking sequence of j/c/j/c/j/c/j/c/j that has a weight fraction ratio of 80:20. In both cases, better mechanical properties were found for hybrid composites with higher fiber content and having alternate stacking sequences.
Comparative Analysis of Exhaust Emission of Retrofitted SI Engine Runs by Different Fuels
Authors: Khan Akib Abdullah , Kaiser Mohammad Salim , Nur Maglub Al 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to experimentally inspect the pollutant emission of a retrofitted SI engine using octane, compressed natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas fuels operated at different speeds. The study was conducted using a retrofitted SI engine. The engine was coupled with an exhaust gas analyzer to measure the composition of the exhaust emission gas. The results showed that the carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) content is lower when CNG is used compared to octane. The CO2 emission was even lower for LPG than CNG, as LPG has a lower carbon-energy ratio and higher octane quality than LPG and burns faster as a lean mixture. The O2 emission supports that octane and CNG burn as a lean mixture whereas LPG burns as rich. Again, the HC emissions are more prominent and CO emissions are higher for LPG than CNG. Because, it showed incomplete combustion with LPG as fuel due to inappropriate air-fuel mixture in the gas-air mixing chamber, which was specifically designed for CNG. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission was minimal when the engine was operated with LPG due to incomplete combustion, and it was found maximum for octane, where medium NOx content was found in the case of CNG. Moreover, the relative air fuel ratio or excess air factor, λ increased as the engine operating speed was raised. Because at high speed, there is some turbulence effect and increased combustion duration.
Characterization of Flower Based Organic Dyes and Titanium Dioxide Thin Film for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Bristy Halima Hafiz , Muhammad Rono Noor A , Nasif Shams Dr S M , Bashar M S , Sultana Munira , Sikder Amit 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the present study, we described the organic dye extraction process from local flowers employing different methods and solvents (a mixture of acetic acid and ethanol, another is only acetic acid); especially we completed our research by exploring dye from red gerbera flower as it showed higher absorbance. Both dry and fresh petals of the flower were used for extracting dyes. The results revealed that the mixture-based dye extraction from dry red gerbera yielded a higher absorbance value of 4.579 a.u., whereas the acetic acid-based extraction from the same source exhibited a lower absorbance value of 2.778 a.u. The choice of solvent for dye extraction was found to significantly influence the absorption spectrum. Additionally, the Beer-Lambert law was employed to analyze the relationship between the absorbance and the concentration of the extracted dyes. For the electrode, a TiO2 film was created using the spin coating technique. From the XRD graph, we found the band gap energy of TiO2 which is 2.81eV (annealed at 450°C), the type of nanoparticle of the thin film. Also found a Crystallite size of 32.95nm and a specific Surface Area (SSA) of 43.048 m2.g−1, Microstrain (ε) of 5e-3 and Dislocation Density (δ) of 9.2e-4cm−2.
Fault Diagnosis of an Industrial Chemical Process using Machine Learning Algorithms: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA)
Authors: Khan M M , Islam I , Rashid A B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fault diagnosis plays a very important role in today’s complex industrial chemical processes. Intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) is the term for the application of machine learning ideas to the diagnosis of process faults. These past two or three decades have seen a lot of interest in this promising method for releasing the contribution from human work and automatically recognizing the health statuses of any processes. Detecting the fault and the associated variable for the cause of the fault has high significance as it reduces the waste of resources and ensures production safety. The goal of this research was fault diagnosis of the Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) using two different machine learning algorithms Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA). PCA and KPCA have been applied with the integration of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) to the data collected to produce a classifier for the different faults in the chemical process. Afterward, the classification results of the two methods have been compared.
Investigation of the Electrochemical Corrosion Property of 2xxx Series Cast Aluminium Alloy in 0.3 M, 0.6 M NaCl, and Seawater Environments
Authors: Khan Akib Abdullah , Kaiser Mohammad Salim , Nur Maglub Al 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The electrochemical corrosion activities of 2xxx series Al alloys were investigated in NaCl of 0.3 M, and 0.6 M concentrations and seawater environments. Both Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods were followed to analyze the corrosion behavior. These results implied that corrosive attack is more aggressive in sodium chloride solution compared to seawater, as additional elements present in seawater are involved in forming various protective layers. Again, a higher concentration of NaCl solution damaged the alloy surface more drastically. The open circuit potential moved towards the nobler direction in the case of seawater environment, and 0.3 M solution for NaCl. The corrosion rate and corrosion current showed higher values in NaCl solution than in seawater. The surface morphologies of the alloys were characterized not only with an optical microscope but with a scanning electron microscope also. The scratch marks from polishing were removed after corrosion. Extensive damage to the surface was found in the NaCl environment, where 0.6 M solution created the most damage, which is evident by both optical and scanning electron micrography. A higher level of pitting corrosion occurred in NaCl than in seawater, identified by SEM images.
Enhanced wear resistance of Ni-Mo-TiN composite coating by synergistic effect of tough Ni-Mo matrix and hard TiN particles
Authors: Chen J X , Zhang P , Li J , Cao L , Wang Q W , Yang Y F , Han G F , Du W B , Liu N H , Zhu S , Li W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To improve the wear resistance of the metallic components, Ni–Mo-TiN composite coating was prepared via pulsed electrodeposition. The microstructure, mechanical, and tribological characteristics were compared to those of Ni–Mo coating. The results revealed that the addition of TiN reduced internal stress within the Ni-Mo-TiN composite coating and mitigated the propensity for crack formation during both the coating preparation and friction testing. Grooves and pits are observed on the Ni-Mo coating, indicating a typical feature of fatigue wear. Owing to the synergistic effect of the tough Ni-Mo matrix and hard TiN particles, the Ni-Mo-TiN coating was characterized by micro-cutting and superior wear resistance. Based on the experimental results, the effects of TiN on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of the Ni-Mo coating were discussed.
Ferroelectric memory devices using hafnium aluminum oxides and remote plasma-treated electrodes for sustainable energy-efficient electronics
Authors: Liu Cun-Bo , Liao Ruo-Yin , Chen Hsuan-Han , Zheng Zhi-Wei , Su Kuan-Hung , Lin I-Cheng , Liang Ting-An , Lin Ping-Yu , Wen Chen-Hao , Hsu Hsiao-Hsuan , Cheng Chun-Hu , Huang Ching-Chien 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this work, we adopt a low-temperature sustainable plasma treatment approach for the fabrication of ferroelectric memory devices. From our experimental results, we found that the ferroelectric polarization characteristics of HfAlOx ferroelectric device could be further improved by using low-temperature nitrogen plasma treatment on bottom TiN electrode for surface modification. The low-temperature nitrogen plasma treatment on TiN bottom electrode not only prevent electrode oxidation, but also lowers the generation of defect traps at the interface between ferroelectric HfAlOx and TiN bottom electrode during high-temperature ferroelectric annealing process. Besides, the nitrogen-treated bottom electrode also can improve bias-stress induced instability and cycling endurance of HfAlOx ferroelectric devices due to the effective suppression of randomly distributed defect traps or oxygen vacancies near the surface of bottom electrode.
Evaluation of rural ecological resilience from the perspective of communities and farmers: a study on Laochehe ethnic minority village in China
Authors: Wu Jilin , Zuo Jinyou , Li Li , Yang Yimin , Yang Manhong , Liu Shuiliang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The ecological problems of tourism villages in the context of globalization cannot be ignored. Rural tourism has destroyed the rural ecological environment, and it is of great significance to explore the ecological resilience of tourism villages to achieve sustainable development. This study introduces an analytical framework with which to assess the ecological resilience of rural tourism locales, focusing on micro-level perspectives involving communities and farmers. Ecosystem service values and a comprehensive index are utilized as proxies to characterize ecological resilience, and its evolutionary characteristics and mechanisms are investigated. The results are as follows. (1) From the community perspective, rural land use has changed significantly from the agricultural function to the tourism compound function. During this transition, the ecological resilience index has decreased by 2.05 × 106. (2) From the perspective of farmers, the rural ecological resilience index and various dimensional indices have altogether increased. Notably, the transformation capability index has increased by 30.34%, the interference capability index has increased by 21.78%, and the response capability index has increased by 14.72%. The ecological resilience indices for different livelihood types, from highest to lowest, are ranked as follows: tourism-oriented farmers (0.4412), tourism-participating farmers (0.4274), and migrant-oriented farmers (0.4066). (3) Socio-economic factors and farmers’ livelihoods lead to the imbalance of the rural social ecosystem. The adaptive transformation of tourism villages has facilitated the dynamic evolution of ecological resilience. This study contributes to the enrichment of ecological resilience research perspectives and may offer valuable insights for the sustainable development of tourism villages in similarly developing countries around the world.
Structural mode coupling in perovskite oxides using hypothesis-driven active learning
Authors: Ghosh Ayana , Gayathri Palanichamy , Shaikh Monirul , Ghosh Saurabh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Finding the ground-state structure with minimum energy is paramount to designing any material. In ABO3-type perovskite oxides with Pnma symmetry, the lowest energy phase is driven by an inherent trilinear coupling between the two primary order parameters such as rotation and tilt with antiferroelectric displacement of the A-site cations as established via hybrid improper ferroelectric mechanism. Conventionally, finding the relevant mode coupling driving phase transition requires performing first-principles calculations which is computationally time-consuming as well as expensive. It involves following an intuitive iterative hit and trial method of (a) adding two or multiple mode vectors, followed by (b) evaluating which combination would lead to the ground-state energy. In this study, we show how a hypothesis-driven active learning framework can identify suitable mode couplings within the Landau free energy expansion with minimal information on amplitudes of modes for a series of double perovskite oxides with A-site layered, columnar and rocksalt ordering. This scheme is expected to be applicable universally for understanding atomistic mechanisms derived from various structural mode couplings behind functionalities, for e.g. polarization, magnetization and metal–insulator transitions.
Identifying and analysing the phonetics of low resources Nyishi language using artificial neural network technique
Authors: Ganu Likha , Arun Biri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Phonemic identification is an analysis and classification based on sounds. Phonetics can be categorized into three various types based on how it is articulated, perceived, and produced. The study introduces new Niyshi phonetic identification approaches based on artificial neural networks to improve the detectability of the system. This work has the goal of coming up with an effective technique that can be used to detect both non-nasalized and nasalized phonemes; by classifying phonemes into those belonging or not originating from the Nyishi dialect. The model that can be used to train, test, and validate can include a multilayer-based perceptron classifier. The proposed model identifies a complex old language with an accuracy as high as 87% through Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). To end, a confusion matrix analysis for ten trials involving an average of 89% accuracy for 20% trained dataset validation purposes confirms the efficiency and efficacy of the methodologies employed.
Linking cumulative carbon emissions to observable climate impacts
Authors: Nzotungicimpaye Claude-Michel , Matthews H Damon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are causing climate change, and impacts of climate change are already affecting every region on Earth. The purpose of this review is to investigate climate impacts that can be linked quantitatively to cumulative CO2 emissions (CE), with a focus on impacts scaling linearly with CE. The reviewed studies indicate a proportionality between CE and various observable climate impacts such as regional warming, extreme daily temperatures, heavy precipitation events, seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation, global mean precipitation increase over ocean, sea ice decline in September across the Arctic Ocean, surface ocean acidification, global mean sea level rise, different marine heatwave characteristics, changes in habitat viability for non-human primates, as well as labour productivity loss due to extreme heat exposure. From the reviewed literature, we report estimates of these climate impacts resulting from one trillion tonne of CE (1 Tt C). These estimates are highly relevant for climate policy as they provide a way for assessing climate impacts associated with every amount of CO2 emitted by human activities. With the goal of expanding the number of climate impacts that could be linked quantitatively to CE, we propose a framework for estimating additional climate impacts resulting from CE. This framework builds on the transient climate response to cumulative emissions (TCRE), and it is applicable to climate impacts that scale linearly with global warming. We illustrate how the framework can be applied to quantify physical, biological, and societal climate impacts resulting from CE. With this review, we highlight that each tonne of CO2 emissions matters in terms of resulting impacts on natural and human systems.
Explaining variation in the kinship composition of mammal groups
Authors: Dyble Mark 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Variation in cooperative behavior across mammals is strongly related to the kinship composition of groups. Although the factors affecting average genetic relatedness within groups have been studied, the factors that contribute to the production of different categories of kin remain underexplored. Here, I use a mathematical model to explore the factors that determine the proportion of full siblings, maternal half-siblings, paternal half-siblings, and non-siblings within mammal groups. The results suggest that the production of paternal half-siblings is increased by high male reproductive skew and a female-biased sex ratio, the production of maternal half-siblings is increased by high female reproductive skew and male-biased sex ratio, and that there are two routes to the production of full siblings: either high reproductive skew in both sexes (as seen in cooperatively breeding species) or pair-bond stability within groups of low reproductive skew (as seen in humans). These results broadly correspond to observed variation in sibling composition across mammals.
Syntactic sugars: crafting a regular expression framework for glycan structures
Authors: Bennett Alexander R , Bojar Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Structural analysis of glycans poses significant challenges in glycobiology due to their complex sequences. Research questions such as analyzing the sequence content of the α1-6 branch in N-glycans, are biologically meaningful yet can be hard to automate.

Results
Here, we introduce a regular expression system, designed for glycans, feature-complete, and closely aligned with regular expression formatting. We use this to annotate glycan motifs of arbitrary complexity, perform differential expression analysis on designated sequence stretches, or elucidate branch-specific binding specificities of lectins in an automated manner. We are confident that glycan regular expressions will empower computational analyses of these sequences.

Availability and implementation
Our regular expression framework for glycans is implemented in Python and is incorporated into the open-source glycowork package (version 1.1+). Code and documentation are available at https://github.com/BojarLab/glycowork/blob/master/glycowork/motif/regex.py.
Sodium oligomannate’s amelioration of reproductive and metabolic phenotypes in a letrozole-induced PCOS-like mouse model depends on the gut microbiome
Authors: Li Zhi , Liu Yan , Wang Yang , Cai Qingqing , Wang Yuhui , Bai Yixuan , Liu Haiou , Xu Congjian , Zhang Feifei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It has been well established that there is a connection between polycystic ovary syndrome pathology and gut microbiome dysbiosis. A marine-derived oligosaccharide, GV-971, has been reported to alter gut microbiota and alleviate Aβ amyloidosis. In this study, the effects of GV-971 on polycystic ovary syndrome–like mice were explored. Mice were randomly assigned into four groups: control, letrozole, letrozole + GV-971, and control + GV-971. Glucose metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome–like mice was ameliorated by GV-971, while the reproductive endocrine disorder of polycystic ovary syndrome–like mice was partially reversed. The messenger ribonucleic acid levels of steroidogenic enzymes in ovaries of polycystic ovary syndrome–like mice were improved. GV-971 restored the fertility of polycystic ovary syndrome–like mice and significantly increase the number of litters. Furthermore, GV-971 treatment effectively mitigated abnormal bile acid metabolism. Notably, after GV-971 intervention, gut microbiota alpha-diversity was considerably raised and the relative abundance of Firmicutes was reduced. In conclusion, the hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia of polycystic ovary syndrome–like mice were alleviated by GV-971 intervention, which was associated with mitigating bile acid metabolism and modulating gut microbiota.