bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Syntheses of Azetidines and Azetidinones
Authors: Brandi Alberto , Cicchi Stefano , Cordero Franca M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Use of Molecular Iodine
Authors: Togo Hideo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Living Polymerization of Hydrocarbon Monomers with Titanium‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Cai Zhengguo , Shiono Takeshi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineering of Plant Polyketide Synthases
Authors: Abe Ikuro 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Novel Methods for Syntheis of Heterocyclic Compounds Catalyzed by Transition Metals in Fluorinated Alcohols
Authors: Saito Akio 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters by Cyclodextrins
Authors: Harada Akira , Osaki Motofumi , Takashima Yoshinori , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐ and Double‐Stranded Helical Polymers: Synthesis, Structures, and Functions
Authors: Yashima Eiji , Maeda Katsuhiro , Furusho Yoshio 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: It All Began with an Error: The Nomofungin/Communesin Story
Authors: Siengalewicz Peter , Gaich Tanja , Mulzer Johann 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical and Pharmacological Research of the Plants in Genus Euphorbia
Authors: Shi Qing‐Wen , Su Xiao‐Hui , Kiyota Hiromasa 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Physiological Targeting to Improve Anticancer Drug Selectivity
Authors: Hambley Trevor W. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sensing on a Molecular Level — Chemistry at the Interface of Information Technology
Authors: Trapp Oliver 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tip‐Enhanced Near‐Field Optical Microscopy
Authors: Hartschuh Achim 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gaschromatographic Determination of the Distribution Ratios of Volatile Substances in Gas—Liquid Systems
Authors: Vitenberg A. G. , Dobryakov Yu. G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimierung der Blasen‐ und Zirkulationsströmung in Membranbelebungsreaktoren
Authors: Drews A. , Prieske H. , Kraume M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMembranbelebungsreaktoren werden zunehmend in der Abwasserreinigung eingesetzt. Ihre Auslegung erfolgt jedoch ausschließlich erfahrungsbasiert, da fundamentale Untersuchungen zu der speziellen Mehrphasenströmung fehlen, wie sie zur Verringerung der Deckschichtbildung eingesetzt wird. In dieser Arbeit werden grundlegende Studien zur Blasenbewegung in einem Spalt sowie eine Berechnungsgleichung zur systematischen Reaktoroptimierung vorgestellt.
Determination of Real COD in Highly Chlorinated Wastewaters
Authors: Saral Arslan , Goncaloğlu Bülent Ilhan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn order to determine the interference caused by chloride ions in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) measurements, synthetically prepared samples with various COD and chloride concentrations were analyzed. In addition, statistical analyses of the results were performed to calculate the real COD caused by the presence of organic substances in chlorinated wastewaters. The results of regression analyses showed good correlation between chloride concentrations and COD levels. A mathematical model is proposed on the basis of the statistical analyses. To calculate the real COD value of a wastewater sample, firstly, the chloride and interfered (or apparent) COD concentrations should be measured and then interference due to the chloride is calculated using the model equation proposed in this study. The real COD value was found by subtracting the COD due to chloride from the apparent COD. The reliability of the proposed model was also validated on real domestic wastewater samples, which were mixed with real seawater in various volumetric ratios to generate a range of salinity concentrations. These real saline samples gave good estimates of real COD with the results indicating that the proposed model can be used with acceptable confidence.
Recent Progress on Biosorption of Heavy Metals from Liquids Using Low Cost Biosorbents: Characterization, Biosorption Parameters and Mechanism Studies
Authors: Arief Vicentius Ochie , Trilestari Kiki , Sunarso Jaka , Indraswati Nani , Ismadji Suryadi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA significant number of biosorption studies on the removal of heavy metal from aqueous solutions have been conducted worldwide. Nearly all of them have been directed towards optimizing biosorption parameters to obtain the highest removal efficiency while the rest of them are concerned with the biosorption mechanism. Combinations of FTIR, SEM‐EDX, TEM as well as classical methods such as titrations are extremely useful in determining the main processes on the surfaces of biosorbents. Diverse functional groups represented by carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulfate and amino groups play significant roles in the biosorption process. Solution pH normally has a large impact on biosorption performance. In brief, ion exchange and complexation can be pointed out as the most prevalent mechanisms for the biosorption of most heavy metals.
Nonequilibrium Microstructures in Reactive Monolayers as Soft Matter Systems
Authors: Mikhailov Alexander S. , Ertl Gerhard 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemical systems provide classical examples of nonequilibrium pattern formation. Reactions in weak aqueous solutions, such as the extensively investigated Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, demonstrate a rich variety of patterns, ranging from travelling fronts to rotating spiral waves and chemical turbulence. Pattern formation in such systems is based on interplay between the reactions and diffusion. Intrinsically, this puts a restriction on the minimum length scale of the developing structures, which cannot be shorter than the diffusion length of the reactants. However, much smaller nonequilibrium structures, with characteristic lengths reaching down to nanoscales, are also possible. They are found in reactive soft matter, where energetic interactions between molecules are present as well. In these systems, chemical reactions and diffusion interfere with phase transitions, yielding active, stationary or dynamic microstructures. Nonequilibrium soft‐matter microstructures are of fundamental importance for biological cells and may have interesting engineering applications. In this Minireview, we focus on the microstructures found in reactive soft‐matter monolayers at solid surfaces or liquid–air interfaces.
Temperature and Concentration Effects on the Solvophobic Solvation of Methane in Aqueous Salt Solutions
Authors: Holzmann Jörg , Ludwig Ralf , Geiger Alfons , Paschek Dietmar 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of aqueous salt (NaCl) solutions using the TIP4P‐Ew water model (Horn et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2004, 120, 9665) covering broad temperature and concentration ranges extending deeply into the supercooled region. In particular we study the effect of temperature and salt concentration on the solvation of methane at infinite dilution. The salt effect on methane’s solvation free energy, solvation enthalpy and entropy, as well as their temperature dependence is found to be semi‐quantitatively in accordance with the data of Ben‐Naim and Yaacobi (J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, 170). To distinguish the influence of local (in close proximity to ions) and global effects, we partition the salt solutions into ion influenced hydration shell regions and bulk water. The chemical potential of methane is systematically affected by the presence of salt in both sub volumes, emphasizing the importance of the global volume contraction due to electrostriction effects. This observation is correlated with systematic structural alterations similar to water under pressure. The observed electrostriction effects are found to become increasingly pronounced under cold (supercooled) conditions. We find that the influence of temperature and salt induced global density changes on the solvation properties of methane is well recovered by simple scaling relation based on predictions of the information theory model of Garde et al. (Phys. Rev. Let. 1999, 77, 4966).
Genetic and littermate influences on yawning in two selectively bred strains of rats
Authors: Moyaho Alejandro , Barajas Margarita , Ugarte Araceli , Eguibar José R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study was made to separate genetic from postnatal maternal influences on yawning in two strains of Sprague‐Dawley rats selected for high‐ (HY) and low‐yawning frequency (LY). Foster mothers of the two strains reared litters of pups in the four possible combinations and yawning was recorded in a novel environment when the adult offspring were 75‐day‐old. Yawning frequency of males and females was affected by pup strain but not by the strain of the foster mothers, when litter size was made constant; HY adult offspring yawned more than LY adult offspring. Yawning frequency was higher in HY male offspring than in HY female offspring. An interaction term between pup sex and the strain of the foster mothers revealed that while males reared by LY mothers yawned more than males reared by HY mothers, females reared by HY mothers yawned more than females reared by LY mothers. Mean frequency of yawning increased with the sex ratio of HY litters. These findings indicate that genetic and genotype‐correlated littermate effects influence yawning frequency of adult offspring in response to a novel environment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 243–248, 2009
Synthesis, Protonation and CuII Complexes of Two Novel Isomeric Pentaazacyclophane Ligands: Potentiometric, DFT, Kinetic and AMP Recognition Studies
Authors: Algarra Andrés G. , Basallote Manuel G. , Belda Raquel , Blasco Salvador , Castillo C. Esther , Llinares José M. , García‐España Enrique , Gil Laura , Máñez M. Ángeles , Soriano Conxa , Verdejo Begoña 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe synthesis and coordination chemistry of two novel ligands, 2,6,9,12,16‐pentaaza[17]metacyclophane (L1) and 2,6,9,12,16‐pentaaza[17]paracyclophane (L2), is described. Potentiometric studies indicate that L1 and L2 form a variety of mononuclear complexes the stability constants of which reveal a change in the denticity of the ligand when moving from L1 to L2, a behaviour that can be qualitatively explained by the inability of the paracyclophanes to simultaneously use both benzylic nitrogen atoms for coordination to a single metal centre. In contrast, the formation of dinuclear hydroxylated complexes is more favoured for the para L2 ligand. DFT calculations have been carried out to compare the geometries and relative energies of isomeric forms of the [CuL]2+ complexes of L1 and L2 in which the cyclophane acts either as tri‐ or tetradentate. The results indicate that the energy cost associated with a change in the coordination mode of the cyclophane from tri‐ to tetradentate is moderate for both ligands so that the actual coordination mode can be determined not only by the characteristics of the first coordination sphere but also by the specific interactions with additional nearby water molecules. The kinetics of the acid promoted decomposition of the mono‐ and dinuclear CuII complexes of both cyclophanes have also been studied. For both ligands, dinuclear complexes convert rapidly to mononuclear species upon addition of excess acid, the release of the first metal ion occurring within the mixing time of the stopped‐flow instrument. Decomposition of the mononuclear [CuL2]2+ and [CuHL2]3+ species occurs with the same kinetics, thus showing that protonation of [CuL2]2+ occurs at an uncoordinated amine group. In contrast, the [CuL1]2+ and [CuHL1]3+ species show different decomposition kinetics indicating the existence of significant structural reorganisation upon protonation of the [CuL1]2+ species. The interaction of AMP with the protonated forms of the cyclophanes and the formation of mixed complexes in the systems Cu–L1‐AMP, Cu–L2‐AMP, and Cu–L3‐AMP, where L3 is the related pyridinophane containing the same polyamine chain and 2,6‐dimethylpyridine as a spacer, is also reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Computational Results Provide a Synthetically Unprecedented Explanation for the β‐Regioselectivity in the Rh‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Vinylidenic Substrates
Authors: Ghio Caterina , Lazzaroni Raffaello , Alagona Giuliano 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe approaching path of CO to the alkyl‐Rh(CO)3 intermediate, considered for 1,1‐diphenylethene as a test case to investigate the reason of its failure to produce quaternary aldehydes in hydroformylation reactions, shows a remarkable activation barrier in DFT calculations for the branched alkyl‐Rh intermediate, but not for the linear one. Consideration of the free energy associated to this step strengthens this result, whereas the other steps remain fairly comparable. The path leading to the branched aldehyde is thus abandoned early, and this species then returns to the catalyst and the olefin, with subsequent reformation of the branched and linear alkyl‐Rh intermediates until consumption of the olefin. The branched backward pathway is more favourable indeed than the forward one, as can be inferred from its free energy reaction profile. The heuristic value of theoretical/computational methods in exploring experimentally inaccessible species and in rationalizing the results, together with the importance of the organic part structure in organometallic complexes, is also put forward.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Bis(1,2,3‐thiadiazole)s as Precursors in the Synthesis of Bis(alkynethiolate)gold(I) Derivatives
Authors: Cerrada Elena , Laguna Mariano , Lardíes Nora 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe cleavage of bis(1,2,3‐thiadiazole)s in the presence of strong bases in situ gives bis(alkynethiolate)s, which provide bis(alkynethiolate)gold(I) derivatives with the general formula [Au2(S–C≡C–spacer–C≡C–S)L2] (L = monophosphanes; spacer = none, 1,4‐C6H4, 1,3‐C6H4, 2,7‐C15H12 and 3,5‐C7H7N). The dinuclear structure was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction studies of the complexes (PPN)2[Au2(S–C≡C–C≡C–S)(C6F5)2] and [Au2{3,5‐(S–C≡C)2–C7H7N}(PPh3)2] {PPN = bis(triphenylphosphane)iminium}. The use of diphosphanes gives complexes with higher nuclearity and cyclic structures.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Coordination Chemistry of Neutral (Ln)–Z Amphoteric and Ambiphilic Ligands (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 35/2008)
Authors: Fontaine Frédéric‐Georges , Boudreau Josée , Thibault Marie‐Hélène 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows a harlequin dancing in a room surrounded by transition metals. This character is a theatrical metaphor representing an ambiphilic ligand and its interaction with transition elements, which is the topic of the Microreview. The multiple arms describe the multidentate nature of this family of ligands. One side of his face is sad and represents the Lewis acid (Z) component of the ambiphilic ligand, while the other side is smiling and represents the L moiety, which is the donating component of the ligand. Details are presented by F.‐G. Fontaine et al. on p. 5439 ff. The artwork was designed by Marie Tremblay.
Cocatalytic Enzyme System for the Michael Addition Reaction of in‐situ‐Generated ortho‐Quinones
Authors: Witayakran Suteera , Ragauskas Arthur J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA laccase‐lipase cocatalytic system was used to catalyze the domino reaction between catechols and nucleophilic reagents including 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and aromatic amines in aqueous medium at room temperature. Lipase acted as a catalyst for Michael addition step, and also enhanced the overall yield of the final products. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The Reincarnation of the Hieber Anion [Fe(CO)3(NO)]– – a New Venue in Nucleophilic Metal Catalysis
Authors: Plietker Bernd , Dieskau André 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNowadays demand for selective, energy‐efficient, and sustainable chemical transformations has spurred an increasing interest in the development of “sustainable metal catalysis”. This expression defines a type of catalytic transformation in which non‐toxic, readily available and inexpensive, stable metal complexes are used for catalysis. The increasing prices for energy and noble metals, which are commonly used for catalysis, represent an economical and ecological dilemma. If the price for a catalyst exceeds the savings on the energy side an industrial application does not make sense. As a consequence of this dilemma, chemists are looking for exit strategies with catalysis by small organic molecules (organocatalysis) or by inexpensive, readily available metal complexes (sustainable metal catalysis) being the most prominent ones. It is an irony that these two major catalytic strategies are based on research that had been initiated several decades ago but was somehow forgotten. In the present Microreview, the story of the reincarnation of another forgotten metal complex species, that celebrates its 50th birthday this year, will be told, the [Fe(CO)3(NO)]– anion. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Label‐Free Detection of DNA Hybridization in Presence of Intercalators Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Gebala Magdalena , Stoica Leonard , Neugebauer Sebastian , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: November 2008

AbstractActinomycin D or proflavine which are known to intercalate within the helix of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) are used as label‐free control to unequivocally prove complementary DNA hybridization by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Based on a carefully designed interface comprising a thiol‐tethered (20mer) oligonucleotide capture probe which forms a self‐assembled monolayer on a gold electrode together with a short chain hydroxyl‐terminated alkylthiol, formation of dsDNA can be monitored by an increase of the charge‐transfer resistance of a free‐diffusing negatively charged redox species ([Fe(CN)6]3−/4−). The increase of the charge transfer resistance due to complementary hybridization was about 10 times from the unmodified Au surface to the dsDNA modified electrode. Specific interaction of intercalators with dsDNA leads to a decrease in charge transfer resistance due to the conformational changes in the dsDNA monolayer and partial charge compensation caused by the positively charged intercalators. No shift in the charge transfer resistance was observed in case of incubation of a ssDNA surface with intercalators or when hybridization was invoked using a noncomplementary DNA sequence. Thus, hybridization can be unambiguously detected using EIS by first recording the increase in charge‐transfer resistance due to hybridization with the matching target strand followed by recording a decrease in charge transfer resistance caused by intercalation. Nonspecific adsorption can hence be doubtlessly excluded as a reason for the observed changes in the impedance spectrum.
Genesis of sexual orientation: From Plato to Dörner
Authors: Odent Michel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWhy do most human beings have a consistent preference for sexual relations with the opposite sex? Why do others have a consistent preference for sexual relations with their own sex? Why do others express some ambivalence about their partner's sex? Any study of heterosexuality, homosexuality and bisexuality must start with questions about the genesis of sexual orientation. We are the only species where a substantial proportion of individuals is exclusively and consistently oriented towards their own sex. This essay attempts to exemplarily illustrate the past, present and future of research into the origins of sexual orientation, focusing on mechanisms which act during perinatal life.