bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIE AUTOREGULATIVE WIRKUNG DES JODIDS BEI DER HYPERTHYREOSE
Authors: Reinwein D. , Horster F. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of an increased iodide level in the blood on the thyroidal iodine metabolism was investigated in 24 hyperthyroid patients. This iodide level in blood was maintained for 8 days. With a physiological iodide level in blood of about 0.9 μg/100 ml the absolute iodide uptake (AIA) of the thyroid amounted to 32.6 μg/h. With an iodide level of 17.9 μg/100 ml the AIA increased by a factor of 15. A further increase inhibited AIA and blocked it completely at iodide levels in the blood above 83 μg/100 ml. Compared to euthyroid controls and nontoxic goiter, hyperthyroid patients showed the following characteristics:
With increasing iodide level in blood, the maximal 131I uptake of the thyroid is reached faster. The average AIA at all observed iodide concentrations in blood is higher than those of euthyroid subjects. The PB131I, PB127I and basic metabolic rates return to normal values at an average iodide level in blood of 8.2 μg/100 ml. The only indicator at normal iodide level in blood, whether or not inhibition of organification by iodide can be obtained, is the increased AIA and not the T/S ratio.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PANCREATIC ISLET CELLS IN GUINEA-PIGS
Authors: Petersson Birger 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By means of gentle pressure on isolated guinea-pig islets, cells in an isolated state were obtained. The free islet cells could be classified as A1, A2 and B cells with the current staining methods. Determinations of the dry mass with a scanning interference microphotometer showed a significantly higher value in the A2 cells (1.95 × 10−10 g) as compared with the B cells (1.12 × 10−10 g). Various possibilities for utilizing the isolated islet cells for further analyses of the endocrine activity of the pancreas are discussed.
HYPOPITUITARISM AND FLEXOR MUSCLE SPASM
Authors: Stewart A. G. , Sprunt J. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hypopituitarism may present with a functional and reversible contraction of skeletal muscle which involves primarily the flexor and adductor muscles of the thighs. Two further cases demonstrating this association are described and discussed.
It appears that the flexor spasm is consequent upon a failure in cortisol production following pituitary or adrenal damage.
It is suggested that the syndrome follows the internal shift in water and electrolytes with disturbed sodium transport which occurs in cortisol deficiency. This may act through a direct effect on muscle contractility or on neuromuscular transmission. The possibility remains that this effect is not seen until the blood glucose level falls, and that the hypoglycaemia is not merely an associated feature.
THE EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY, ADRENALECTOMY AND CORTISONE ON THE INCORPORATION OF TRITIATED THYMIDINE IN RAT ORGANS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE LYMPHOID TISSUES
Authors: Knutson F. , Lundin P. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
After hypophysectomy, the incorporation of tritiated thymidine decreases in the thymus and spleen, but not in the lymph nodes. Adrenalectomy has no apparent influence on this incorporation. After prolonged treatment with moderate amounts of cortisone, the incorporation is significantly decreased in the thymus and spleen, but the slight decrease in the lymph nodes is not significant. In untreated animals the incorporation is of the same magnitude in all three lymphoid tissues. These results are compared with those obtained with 32P O4 – a method that gives a relatively higher incorporation in the thymus than in the spleen and lymph nodes. These values are more consistent with the mitotic indices of these organs.
The reutilization of thymidine in the lymphoid organs is discussed. It is concluded that such a reutilization is a normal mechanism in the lymphoid tissues, and that it is markedly increased while under the influence of corticosteroids, particularly in the thymus.
THE PARATHYROIDS IN CORTICOSTEROID-TREATED PREGNANT RATS AND THEIR OFFSPRING
Authors: Hansson C. Göran , Angervall Lennart 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
DOCA administered daily to rats during the second half of pregnancy significantly increased the mitotic rate in both maternal and foetal parathyroids as well as the foetal parathyroid volume suggesting a stimulation of the parathyroid glands. The morphological changes in the parathyroids of foetuses of the DOCA treated rats were similar to those previously observed in foetuses of alloxan diabetic rats.
STUDIES ON OESTRIOL SYNTHESIS FROM DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE IN HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Kirschner M. A. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The pathway of oestriol (OE3) synthesis from dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) was examined in human pregnancy at midterm, from both foetal and maternal compartments. In the first series of experiments, 3H-labelled DHAS and 14C-labelled oestrone sulphate (OE1S) were administered into the intact foeto-placental circulation. Oestrone (OE1), 17β-oestradiol (OE2) and OE3 formed during the 20 minutes after injection were isolated from the placenta, foetus and urine of the mother. The following observations were made: a) conversion to OE3 was greater from DHAS than OE1S, b) more OE3 was formed from DHAS than OE1 and OE2, c) the 3H/14C-ratios of the urinary OE3 were higher than those of OE1 and OE2.
In the second series of experiments, three pregnant subjects were given the same combination of sulphurylated precursors via the antecubital vein, and OE1, OE2 and OE3 were isolated from their urine. In contrast to the foeto - placental studies: a) OE1S was converted to urinary OE3 in greater yield than was DHAS, b) more OE1 and OE2 were formed from DHAS than was OE3, c) the 3H/14C-ratios of the three urinary oestrogens were similar to each other. In addition, the specific activity of OE3 was lower than that of OE1 and OE2 with respect to both 3H and 14C.
These results suggest that DHAS circulating within the foeto - placental compartment is converted to OE3 via both phenolic and neutral intermediates, whereas DHAS originating from the maternal circulation is converted to OE3 largely via a phenolic pathway.
Approximately 80% of the OE3 formed within the foeto - placental compartment was transferred to the mother within 20 minutes. This rapid transport may explain the usefulness of urinary OE3 determinations in the assessment of foetal viability.
STUDIES ON THE UTERUS, SKIN AND FEMUR OF RATS TREATED WITH 17β-OESTRADIOL BENZOATE FOR ONE TO TWENTY-ONE DAYS
Authors: Smith Q. T. , Allison Donna J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The wet weight, dry fat-free weight and collagen content of the uterus, the collagen, salt-soluble collagen and hexosamine contents of the skin and the collagen content of the femurs from weanling and young adult rats subjected to 1 to 21 daily injections of 2 μg 17β-oestradiol benzoate/100 g body weight were compared to similar data from control animals. Changes in dry fat-free weight of the uterus following oestradiol administration varied with animal age and did not coincide with changes in wet weight of the uterus. The dry fat-free weight of the uterus, as a per cent of wet weight, was significantly decreased in both age groups of rats following a single injecton of oestradiol only. Increases in dry fat-free weight of the uterus of the oestrogen-treated rats were primarily from substances other than collagen.
After 14 days of oestradiol injections, collagen per total skin was decreased in both weanling and young adult steroid-treated rats. The decrease in salt-soluble collagen extracted per gram of skin collagen at the later experimental periods was not great enough to warrant the conclusion that the quantity of salt-soluble collagen, relative to total skin collagen, was decreased. Hexosamine was not significantly decreased in either age of oestrogen-treated rats until the 21 day experimental period. The dry fat-free femur weight and collagen per femur of the oestrogen-treated rats were significantly changed (increased) only at the 14 day experimental period of the young adult rats.
ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC ACTIVITY OF A-RING MODIFIED ANDROSTANE DERIVATIVES.
Authors: Nutting E. F. , Klimstra P. D. , Counsell R. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The activity of 33 steroids, injected intramuscularly, was determined in a castrate rat assay utilizing the responses of the seminal vesicle glands and ventral lobe of the prostate glands as independent parameters of androgenicity and the response of the levator ani muscle as an index of anabolic activity. Testosterone propionate was the reference standard. None of the compounds possessed high androgenic or anabolic activity. The myotrophic and average androgenic relative potencies of the 8 most active analogues ranged from 30 to 89% and 3.1 to 39%, respectively. The most active anabolic compound was the 1-dehydro-3-keto derivative of 17α-methyl-5α-androstan-17β-ol while the widest separation between anabolic and androgenic activities, myotrophic to androgenic ratio of 11.3, was obtained with the 2-dehydro-2-formyl derivative. The effect of various modifications of the A-ring on biological activity are outlined in detail.
INFLUENCE OF SEX HORMONES ON AMIDINOTRANSFERASE LEVELS. METABOLIC CONTROL OF CREATINE BIOSYNTHESIS
Authors: Kriskó István , Walker James B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Arginine: glycine amidinotransferase is the first of two enzymes involved in creatine biosynthesis. The amidinotransferase specific activity (micromoles of hydroxyguanidine formed per hour per g wet weight of tissue) of kidney homogenates of mature male rats was about twice that of females of the same age, whereas activities were equal before puberty. Castration decreased the activity of males and increased that of females. The administration of testosterone propionate to young adult female rats resulted in a significant increase in enzyme activity.
The same enzyme had previously been shown to be repressible by its end-product, creatine. Although there are numerous enzymes whose synthesis is known to be under hormonal control, amidinotransferase is the only mammalian enzyme described up to now on which there appears to operate both an end-product repression mechanism and a hormonal control on the de novo synthesis of the enzyme protein.
TREATMENT OF AMENORRHOEA WITH MENOPAUSAL URINARY GONADOTROPHIN EVALUATED BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF PREGNANEDIOL IN THE URINE
Authors: Berthelsen Helge G. , Bang H. O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three young amenorrhoeic hypogonadal women, aged 19-24 years, all nulliparous, with a monophasic basal-temperature curve for at least 2 months, a low hypotrophic vaginal cytology, and a constantly low pregnanediol excretion were treated with an intramuscular injection of human menopausal urinary gonadotrophin (HMG) for ten days, followed by daily injections of chorionic gonadotrophin for four days. All the patients had previously been treated unsuccessfully with chorionic gonadotrophin.
The clinical effect was checked by daily thin-layer-chromatographic determination of the pregnanediol excretion in the morning urine, vaginal cytology, and daily recording of the basal temperature. Vaginal examination was done every day. One patient exhibited enlargement of the ovaries during the treatment, but apart from that there were no side effects, in particular no abnormal increase in basal temperature and no local reactions in the treated patients.
All the patients developed vaginal bleeding following an increase of the pregnanediol excretion. One woman conceived.
DELAY OF IMPLANTATION IN INTACT RATS TREATED WITH PROGESTINS
Authors: Nutting Ehard F. , Soliman Paul B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Compounds were administered daily by the subcutaneous route to pregnant rats from day 1 of pregnancy (the day of finding sperm) to day 8, and 1 μg oestrone combined with 4000 μg progesterone from day 9–21. Animals were checked for implantation sites by laparotomy on day 8 and again on day 15, if no sites were visible on the 8th day. Autopsy was performed on day 22 of pregnancy.
Delay of nidation was produced with 6α-methylprogesterone (ED50 = 3000 μg), 17α-acetoxy-6α-methylprogesterone (ED50 = 720 μg) and its 21-fluoro (ED50 = 470 μg) and 6-dehydro-21-fluoro (ED50 = 3500 μg) derivatives, and 17α-ethyl-19-nortestosterone (ED50 = 3200 μg), but not with progesterone, 17α-acetoxyprogesterone, or 17α-acetoxy-6-dehydro-6-methylprogesterone. Foetal body weights in not delayed groups given 17α-acetoxy-6α-methylprogesterone (> 500 μg) and its 6-dehydro-21-fluoro analogue were much smaller than in control rats indicating the occurrence of additional partial delays of short duration undetectable by laparotomy on the 8th day. The number of implantation sites was reduced with 17α-ethyl-19-nortestosterone (> 500 μg/day) but not with any of the other compounds. The implantation rate achieved with a particular dose of a compound was similar in groups in which implantation was delayed ('delayed') and not delayed ('nondelayed'). In another study implantation occurred spontaneously within 8 days after cessation of all steroid treatments. The data are discussed in terms of a possible mechanism of action involving the development of an oestrogen deficiency in the animal resulting indirectly from the suppression of production or release of gonadotrophin from the pituitary gland.
A MODIFIED METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS, PREGNANEDIOL AND PREGNANETRIOL BY GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND SUBJECTS WITH VARIOUS ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
Authors: Rivera Roberto , Dorfman Ralph I. , Forchielli Enrico 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A modified method using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) is described for the determination of androsterone*, aetiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol in the same urine aliquot. After sequential enzymatic hydrolysis and solvolysis, the urine extract is separated into 3 main fractions by silica gel column chromatography; one containing mainly the 17-ketosteroids, androsterone, aetiocholanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone; a second containing pregnanediol and the third pregnanetriol. After formation of the trimethylsilyl ethers (TMSi), the respective fractions are subjected to gas-liquid chromatography for quantitation. Tritiated androsterone, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol are added prior to extraction of the urines to check for recoveries. The method is specific and reproductible and is sufficiently sensitive to permit determination of urinary steroid excretion levels as low as 0.025 mg/24 hours. Results obtained with this method in the study of normal males and females and various pathological conditions are presented.
STEROIDSTRUKTUR UND LEBERTOXIZITÄT
Authors: Krüskemper H. L. , Noell G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In male subjects investigations have been carried out regarding the effect of C1- and C17-methylated androstane derivatives (20 mg per day, orally, two weeks) on liver functions (parameters: activities of GPT, GOT, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase in serum; electrophoretic pattern; blood coagulation factors V, VII, X and prothrombin; BSP-retention). In addition to the well known hepatotropic action of 17α-alkylated C-19-steroids a quasi-axial 1α-methyl configuration (in 1α-methylandrost-2-en-17β-ol) definitely increased BSP-retention and several coagulation factors. These steroid effects decreased gradually when a methyl group was introduced in C1 equatorially (1-methylandrost-1-en-17β-ol-3-one) or quasi-equatorially (1β-methylandrost-2-en-17β-ol), the latter compound completely lacking from any influence on parameters of liver function under investigation.
THE INDUCTION OF LIVER TYROSINE 2-OXOGLUTARATE TRANSAMINASE IN RATS BY IMMOBILIZATION
Authors: Hänninen O. , Hartiala K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The immobilization of unfasted young female rats caused a linear increase in liver tyrosine 2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity reaching a four fold level within 12 hours. This was followed by a decrease. No gastric lesions were observed macroscopically in 26 hours, but in many cases these appeared after immobilization of at least 40 hours. The enzyme activity in the liver of rats with macroscopic gastric lesions was double or more than double the activity in immobilized rats with no lesions or in non-immobilized control animals. The increase was partially inhibited by pretreating the animals 30 minutes before immobilization with a subcutaneous injection of actinomycin D. Adrenalectomized rats showed no increase in enzyme activity during immobilization.
DETERMINATION OF ANTIDIURETIC ACTIVITY IN THE RAT FOR STRUCTURAL ANALOGUES OF THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL HORMONES
Authors: Pliška Vladimir , Rychlík Ivan 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A procedure for measuring the antidiuretic activity of the neurohypophysial hormones and their synthetic structural analogues in the hydrated rat in the dose range of 5–100 antidiuretic microunits is described. The technique of measurement allows the determination of diuresis over one-minute intervals, as well as the total amount of urine excreted over longer periods. The precision of the measurement is greatly increased by the use of a drop divider. The electrical conductivity of the urine is continuously recorded, and the conductivity and creatinine clearance are correlated with the urine flow. These techniques allow the precise determination of parameters such as the half-life of the antidiuretic effect, formal elimination constants, etc.; they can therefore serve for the comparison even of analogues showing qualitative differences in their antidiuretic effects from the chosen standard (arginine or lysine vasopressin), e. g. analogues of the hormonogen type with prolonged effects.
NEPHRECTOMY OF PREGNANT RATS
Authors: Hansson C. Göran 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Parathyroids of pregnant rats nephrectomized 24 hours before delivery on the 22nd day of pregnancy, show increased parathyroid activity. The foetal parathyroids are also enlarged and have an increased mitotic rate and there is a significant positive relationship between the foetal parathyroid volume and the serum phosphorus of the mothers. Hence it is reasonable to assume that the stimulus for the foetal parathyroids is the same as that for the mothers, i. e. the altered calcium-phosphorus homeostasis after nephrectomy.
ÜBER DIE AUSSCHEIDUNG VON FREIEM UND GLUCURONSÄUREGEBUNDENEM TESTOSTERON IM KINDES- UND REIFUNGSALTER
Authors: Knorr D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two hundred and four 24-hours urines of healthy males of different age were examined for testosterone using the isotopic method by Vermeulen & Verplancke (1963). Of special interest was the time of puberty.
Already during the 9th and 10th year of life a significant increase of testosterone excretion can be found compared with the age group from the 4th to 8th year.
The adult values of testosterone are reached only after the 18th year of life.
The testosterone excretion increases temporarily in 6 to 12 year old boys during treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin over 6 weeks comparable to the testosterone excretion of 16 to 17 years old boys.
The reliability of the method is discussed in detail. The specificity of the method is checked by a self initiated fluorometric end-determination.
The significance of the testosterone determination in certain disturbances of puberty is discussed.
INFLUENCE OF GONADOTROPHIN ON HISTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE RABBIT OVARY
Authors: Boucek Robert J. , Telegdy Gyula , Savard Kenneth 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Histochemical findings on rabbit ovarian tissue following gonadotrophin stimulation were correlated with the extent of acetate-1-14C incorporation into steroids by ovarian slices incubated at equivalent time-periods. Gonadotrophin reduced the rate of cellular division (tritiated thymidine uptake) in the maturing follicle, and following ovulation, cellular division was seen principally in the theca interna and lutein cells. Cellular division was not seen in the cells of the interstitium before or at any time after gonadotrophin stimulation. Gonadotrophin intensified the Δ5, 3β-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase while reducing the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reaction. The intensity of the reductases may reflect an increased synthetic activity of the cells of the interstitium for the C21-class of steroids and a decreased synthesis of the C19-class of steroids. A histochemical reaction for 20β- (but not 20α-) hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase intensified after gonadotrophin, suggesting limited amounts of the 20β-hydroxy epimer being formed, and the balance of the reactions favouring an increased formation of progesterone and 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one. These studies suggest the cell types involved in the synthesis of progestins and androgens and indicate that the cells of the interstitium do not proliferate following gonadotrophin.
IMPAIRMENT OF THE PITUITARY-ADRENAL RESPONSE TO ACUTE STRESS IN ALLOXAN DIABETES
Authors: Kraus Shirley D. , Kaminskis Andris , Traystman Richard 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The adrenal ascorbic acid depletion parameter was used to determine the pituitary-adrenal response to acute stress, the adrenal responsiveness to exogenous corticotrophin (ACTH), and the pituitary ACTH reserve in alloxan diabetes. The pituitary-adrenal response to histamine (0.5 mg/100 g i. p.) 1 hour before sacrifice was significantly impaired in uncontrolled diabetes. Elimination of glycosuria by insulin administration (7 days) restored the response to normal though adrenal hyperplasia was still evident. The impaired stress response was not due to a decrease in the adrenal responsiveness or the pituitary ACTH reserve. The adrenal ascorbic acid depletion response to exogenous ACTH (measured against saline controls) was normal. Pituitary extracts of diabetic animals produced the same degree of adrenal ascorbic acid depletion in hypophysectomized animals as pituitary extracts of normal animals. The adrenal hyperactivity previously reported to exist in uncontrolled diabetes is accompanied by a decreased ability to release preformed ACTH in response to acute stress. The metabolic stress of diabetes resembles other chronic stressors which impair the secretory mechanism at the hypothalamo-hypophyseal level.
HISTOCHEMICAL AND ENDOCRINE STUDIES IN THREE CASES OF MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM
Authors: Griñó Enrique , Reissenweber Nelson J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The histochemistry of the gonads of three cases of male pseudohermaphroditism was studied. The histological and histochemical findings are integrated with the clinical and laboratory data.
The study enables us to differentiates the histological picture of the gonads of these patients from those of prepuberal or primary undescended testes. A histochemical study was used to differentiate the Leydig cells in the cases without feminization, from the feminized cases. The feminized patients had a testicular interstitial tissue filled with a pigment identified as a lipofuscin. 3β-ol-dehydrogenase activity was markedly positive in these pigmented cells, suggesting their active functional condition.