bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Healing Journey
Authors: Patrushev Pyotr 
Published: March 2007

This article describes a process of psychological transformation of a former Soviet defector. After years of alienation and angry denunciation of the Soviet system, he renews his contact with his family, still living in Siberia. This creates a state of tension and "dis-ease" which he at first attempts to relieve through conventional therapeutic means and then through a renewed sense of political mission. This, however, proves to be insufficient, and he is finally forced to confront his deepest fears through the use of a technique known as "rebirthing." The author describes the effect of this process on his understanding of himself and the deep psychological reasons for his leaving the country of his birth. He describes his experiences in America and in a therapeutic community in Australia, where he undertook a teacher training course, employing a variety of different approaches, such as Jungian analysis, dreamwork, encounter, breathwork, Gurdjieff's ideas, and Gestalt psychology. He describes the gradual change in his consciousness and the increasing penetration into the transpersonal realm. He found that he "could no longer see his escape in purely political terms. Womb, mother, Russia, close relationships, even life itself, were all analogous." The ultimate confrontation with oneself involved a "return to Alcatraz"-facing the destructive energy of the mother, the implications of a psychological death, and the transformation of this energy into a healing force in the process of a "rebirth." The importance of the emergence of an "inner female" ("anima") in his dreams is emphasized, as is the growing rapport with his subconscious mind. The consequences of these insights on his perception of his future actions in the world are discussed. "Only fully conscious individuals can create a truly free society and a free world." He also expresses his hope that people who have survived dramatic escapes from extreme danger may be given the opportunity to come to terms with their experiences early enough to enable them to live creative and happy lives without wasting years fighting "windmills." You cannot love your country unless you love womenyour mother, your sister, your lover, your wife. Your road to the heart of any country is through its women, whom you can only love through the love of the women who have, in the first place, created your own heart. The journey to the essence of anything is through the transformation of your heart's hate into love. The way is an unflinching honesty and sincerity with yourself and others.
The Best Is Yet to Be
Authors: Kramer Aaron 
Published: March 2007

Invited to conduct poetry workshops at a senior center, Kramer observed the astonishing effect these sessions had on people who had a low selfesteem engendered by society's perception of them as superfluous. Provoked by the anthology poems distributed for study, and their first efforts at verse, they shed their aloofness and became a united group sharing long submerged memories, feelings, and opinions. The following year, Kramer was asked to lead more workshops that proved more fruitful than the first because members had to overcome their reluctance to confront sad even horrible subjects. Not all the pieces were gems, but all were honest and apropos. It was exhilarating to see the poems emerge in response to earlier poems and discussions. People silent for decades were amazed by the power of their words, both spoken and written, to win full attention and touch the heart of strangers, some ultimately reaching the public. Grow old along with me! The best is yet to be, The last of life, for which the first was made. -Robert Browning "Rabbi Ben Ezra"
Carl Rogers: Scientist and Mystic
Authors: O'Hara Maureen 
Published: March 2007

Carl Ransome Rogers, one of the giants of 20th-century psychology, has been recognized for his immense contribution to the science of psychology. At the same time, millions have found his person-centered philosophy to be a deeply satisfying moral system and have been willing to place their faith in what can be seen as Rogers's metaphysics. This article examines Rogers's shift from positivist scientist to radical subjectivist and his continued ambivalence about both religion and objectivist science. It seeks to reconcile the seeming paradox in his work by suggesting that Rogers's work stands at the boundary between 19th-century positivism and 20th-century postpositive constructivism. I always liked myself far better as a pure scientist. -Carl Rogers
Centralism and Perceptions of Australian Industrial Relations
Authors: Howard William A. 
Published: March 2007

This paper is concerned to examine whether the Australian attitude to industrial relations is concerned to optimise, in some way, the production of industrial relations outcomes, or whether we seek to provide optimal operating conditions for the mechanisms created to service industrial relations. This question is attacked by considering whether the three genuinely perceived major industrial relations issues in Australia would arise at all if there were some mechanism other than the centralised arbitration process. The three issues concerned are national industrial relations policy, the reportedly excessive number of strikes and the reportedly excessive number of unions. It is argued that national industrial relations policy has very little practical meaning: national policy as we have practised it is not far distant from a process of producing rules without much regard for the extent of observance they induce. The strike question is examined by contrasting its influence, in terms of production worker-hours wasted, with the less publicised area of industrial accidents. Strikes, even in the most industrially turbulent circumstances, have never approached the toll levied by accidents. This conclusion can be reached even though only an unknown, but possibly minor, proportion of accidents is recorded. The number of unions is considered first by contrasting the union populations of the two nations whose labour relations are often upheld to Australians as paragons to which we might aspire. In fact one has fewer than 20 unions and one has many thousands, suggesting that numbers are a less than critical factor. The large number of unions is often held to be the cause of demarcation disputes. With only one union there could be no inter-union disputes, but demarcation disputes are often not inter-union. Large numbers of unions are an inconvenience to bureaucrats and tribunals. There is less hard evidence that this worries unionists or employers.
Sources of Variation in U. S. City Crime, 1950 and 1960
Authors: Schuessler Karl , Slatin Gerald 
Published: March 2007

This article presents statistical materials bearing on the ques tion of whether the variation in city crime may be resolved into a relatively small number of statistical components which have a recognizable sociological meaning. Two basic series of data are included: (1) seven major offense rates and 28 social, econ nomic and demographic characteristics for U.S. cities, 100,000 and over, 1950; (2) seven major offense rates and 26 social, eco nomic, and demographic characteristics for U.S. cities, 100,000 and over, 1960. The intercorrelations among variables in each series are given, along with their respective loadings after rota tion on the first five factors as obtained by the method of prin cipal components. Partial correlations with age, sex, and num ber of inhabitants held constant and their principal factors are also given. The results of the factor analysis disclosed that the incidence of crimes against the person was related to a group factor which was tentatively designated "minority relations," and that the incidence of crimes against property was related to a group fac tor tentatively named "anomie." Taking both minority relations and anomie as indices of normative conflict and confusion, the general conclusion is reached that city crime varies with the degree of differential social disorganization.
A Survey of Students' Motivation for Learning English
Authors: Vijchulata Boosakorn , Lee Gan Siowck 
Published: March 2007

A survey to study the students' motivation for learning English in Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM) was carried out in the second semester of the 1982/83 academic year. The subjects of this study consisted of approximately a thousand students from all the different faculties in UPM who were taking the five English proficiency courses (BB 051, BB 151, BB 251, BB 253, BB 254) and one special English course BB 252. The students' responses were analyzed in terms of frequency distributions; and where appropriate, cross-tabulation, Pearson's product-moment correlation, t-test and multiple range test were also used to establish relationships among some of the factors under study. It is found that UPM students are both integratively and in strumentally oriented in the English language-learning task. In terms of motivational intensity, students from the more advanced English courses seem to be more motivated than those from the lower level or more basic courses. In general, UPM students expressed a strong desire to learn English. Overall, the majority of the students perceived their lecturers as encouraging towards their English language- learning task, as compared to their perception of their parents in the same respect.
Differential fertility outlook and patterns among Major Religious Groups in Johannesburg
Authors: Higgins Edward 
Published: March 2007

Une étude des faits, normes et attitudes de la fécondité parmi divers groupes socio-économiques de la population blanche de Johannes burg fut réalisée récemment par le groupe de recherches sociales du ,Department of Sociology and Social Work', de l'Université de Witwatersrand. Ce texte examine les attitudes et des types de comportements les plus importants en face de la fécondité, dans quatre grands groupes religieux: Protestants-Afrikanders, Protes tants anglais, Juifs et Catholiques, de la population blanche. L'article présente les résultats sur les questions se rapportant à la grandeur de la famille (idéale, actuelle et voulue), aux attitudes qui y sont liées, à la pratique de la limitation des naissances, au planning familial et à l'usage de contraceptifs. Dans la plupart des cas, des différences significatives furent relevées dans l'échantillon entre les femmes appartenant aux quatre groupes religieux. On utillsa pour cette étude un échantillon stratifié et au hasard de plus de mille femmes blanches, en-dessous de 50 ans et résidant dans !a zone urbaine de Johannesburg.
Le mécanisme institutionnel de I'Eglise catholique abordé sous I'angle de la science administrative
Authors: Langrod G. 
Published: March 2007

Within the development of the studies of religion by the social sciences, a place ought to be given to a scientific approach to the administrative aspect of religious organizations. Yet this is an aspect of the Catholic Church to which very little attention has been paid so far; various lawyers and historians have underlined its importance. An approach from the point of view of the administrative science would make it possible to give the necessary importance to the methods of management and to the administrative proceedings. It would then be possible to envisage the social reality of an institution as an 'administra tive fact'. But this is only feasible if the starting point is a pluridisci plinary approach which would transform the administrative science into a science of synthesis (law, ethics, sociology, social psychology, political science). The study of the functioning of religious organizations and its repercus sion on their internal functions offers great scientific possibilities, especially at a time when the Catholic Church is passing through profound changes. In order to do this, it is necessary to create some adequate concepts which cannot be the same as those used for the study of other institutions. Some steps in this direction have been undertaken both at the level of the universal Church, as well as the diocesan level. The scientific and practical results of the development of such studies can be of great importance. This, for instance, would allow one to situate the Church's efforts for adaptation and reorganization within an appropriate theore tical framework.
Religion and Secularization A Matter of Definitions
Authors: Krausz Ernest 
Published: March 2007

Cet article souligne le besoin pour la sociologie de clarifier le concept de sécularisation: comment en effet distinguer le religieux et le séculier ? Corrélativement l'auteur se de mande quel peut être l'utilité de cette distinction dans la re cherche sociologique, en particulier dans le domaine du chan gement social de la société industrielle. Les thèses classiques de Marx, Comte, Durkheim, Tylor et Weber sont soumises à l'analyse critique, et les interpréta tions contemporaines sont utilisées pour accéder à des défini tions parfaitement opératoires. La religion est ainsi définie comme « un aspect institutionnel de la société, fondé sur les croyances en une réalité surhumaine ou surnaturelle ». La sécularisation est considérée comme « le processus par lequel la pensée, la pratique et les institutions religieuses perdent leur signification sociale ». Enfin est mis en lumière la nécessité de distinguer croyan ces religieuses et croyances idéologiques, même si l'on peut reconnaître que des idéologies comme le communisme rem plissent des fonctions similaires à la religion et peuvent sub tilement se transformer en religions.
Aspects de l'abandon de la pratique religieuse en milieu juif français
Authors: Bensimon Doris 
Published: March 2007

Some 550,000 Jews live in France ; it is the largest group in Europe. Before 1939 the most religiously orientated Jews were mainly immigrants from Eastern Europe. They were the most numerous amongst the victims of the Nazis. This inquiry was semi-directive and preliminary to further research ; it was conducted on a sample of 65 adults, 11 % of whom practised their faith regularly and 38 % were non- believers. Some amongst the practising group wished to emigrate to Israel because of the difficulty of observing weekly their traditional religious practices. The feast of the Passover, on the other hand, was observed to some extent by the non- practising Jews, and behavior amongst the intermediate group was very varied. In her conclusions, the author demonstrates the difficulty of maintaining Jewish religious practices in the diaspora and in a secularized society. Abandonment of religious practice, however, does not indicate in any way the loss of Jewish identity.
« Socio-political » and « Charismatic » Symbolics : Cultural Change and Transactions of Meaning
Authors: Hiernaux Jean-Pierre , Remy Jean 
Published: March 2007

Cet article traite des symboliques sociales sous-jacentes aux engagements chrétiens contemporains de type « socio-poli tique » et de type « charismatique », telles qu'elles ressortent de l'examen d'un certain nombre de matériaux concrets. Les auteurs analysent comment ces symboliques corres pondent à des « transactions de sens » réélaborant — dans des voies différentes et à partir de contraintes d'existence sociale distinctes — des éléments du modèle traditionnel- ascétique qui a inspiré les formes religieuses classiques jus qu'il y a peu et, d'autre part, d'un modèle symbolique « pro motionnel » imposé dans le cadre global de la société con temporaine. La conclusion, apparamment paradoxale, des auteurs est que la symbolique socio-politique s'élabore dans des versions proches d'éléments centraux de type traditionnel-ascétique, tandis que la symbolique charismatique emprunte des éléments centraux au modèle promotionnel.
Sociological Aspects of Christian Church's Penetration in the Confucian Regions of Asia
Authors: Houtart François 
Published: March 2007

L'étude de l'impact d'une religion exogène au sein d'une aire géographique particulière demande que l'on tienne compte des conditions sociales de sa genèse, des groupes sociaux susceptibles d'adopter cette religion, des fonctions sociales que cette religion rempli dans le contexte social, des institutions qui lui servent d'agent de transmission. C'est à une telle démarche que s'adonne l'Auteur de cet article qui passe en revue les différentes étapes historiques de la pénétration des Eglises chrétiennes dans des aires géo graphiques originellement confucéennes. Il apporte en outre un soin particulier à l'analyse du cas spécifique de la Corée.
Relationships between Means of Production, Caste and Religion
Authors: Lemercinier Geneviève 
Published: March 2007

L'auteur explique comment le système des castes s'est établi au Kerala à partir du IXe siècle, suite à une migration de Brahma nes du Nord et à des guerres incessantes entre deux royaumes du Sud, celui des Cholas (Tamilnadu) et des Choras (Sud Kerala actuel) à propos des épices et autres produits naturels vendus aux pays méditerranéens. On passa alors de l'organisation clanique de la production dans des royaumes tributaires à une appropriation progressive de la terre par les Brahmanes, agents religieux, les divers clans faisant don de leurs terres aux divinités, afin de les soustraire au pillage. Il en résulta une organisation en caste, intégrant d'une part les clans existants dans une hiérarchie nouvelle (les hors-castes étant les tribus pré-dravidiennes) et formant d'autre part des grou pes sociaux nouveaux (castes), comme intermédiaires gestionnaires des agents religieux et comme réserve d'épouses (polyandrie) pour les enfants mineurs des Brahmanes, seul l'aîné pouvant se marier dans sa caste, afin de conserver le patrimoine terrien. Ce système déboucha sur une série de pratiques sociales éta blissant des distances entre chaque groupe, chacun d'entre eux sauf les esclaves hors-castes, ayant toujours un groupe inférieur en-dessous de lui. Les diverses jatis permirent aussi une division fonctionnelle du travail qui se construisit sur les anciennes appar tenances ethniques. II apparait clairement que le système des castes ne peut être expliqué par le simple recours au religieux, mais que ce dernier doit être resitué dans l'ensemble des rapport sociaux et des expres sions symboliques.
Pluralisme religieux, Etat et éducation
Authors: WILLAIME Jean-Paul 
Published: March 2007

While the State accepts the existence of religious pluralism in so far as private beliefs are concerned, it also expects the various religions to play an increasingly important role in maintaining societal cohesion. This it does by encouraging each religion to contribute to the transmission of a set of common values which are to be shared by all members of the society. Thus confronted by the challenge of cultural pluralism, Western societies find that their value system is not religiously neutral: the State utilizes the sacred. Whether they do so in conflict or in co-operation, State and religion inevitably meet in the sphere of education.
Predicting Dangerous behavior in a Penitentiary Using the Megargee Typology
Authors: LOUSCHER P. KENT , HOSFORD RAY E. , MOSS C. SCOTT 
Published: March 2007

This study investigates the efficacy of the Megargee typology system for classifying inmates in a penitentiary setting and for predicting institutional adjustment during incarceration. A random sample of 520 inmates from a penitentiary population of 1074 are classified into the typology groups according to procedures developed by Megargee, et al. (1977). A variety of demographic and criminal history variables are analyzed to determine subject characteristics for each of the ten typology groups. Institutional adjustment is assessed by data on inmate behavior routinely collected and recorded on each inmate by prison staff. Analysis of the data shows that: (1) the Megargee typology could classify inmates into ten groups not proportionately different than those in a medium-security institution, (2) the groups did not differ significantly from one another on age, race, or offense type, and (3) contrary to predictions by Megargee et al. for a medium-security prison, the typology groupings are not effective in predicting which inmates would be antisocial or aggressive in a penitentiary setting.
Presidentialism versus Parliamentarism: Implications for Representativeness and Legitimacy
Authors: Riggs Fred W. 
Published: March 2007

Despite optimistic expectations that the new states of the world will, increasingly, become democratic and peace-loving in the “new world system” created after the collapse of all the modern empires, we see growing signs of pervasive violence. Efforts to support the consolidation of existing democracies need to be augmented by struggles to prevent their collapse. Two crucial problems recur in these struggles: how to legitimize states that are often viewed by unwilling subjects as oppressive and lacking the authority or ability to govern effectively, and how to share power in countries where it is concentrated, unrepresentatively, in the hands of ambitious minorities. Democracies that cannot respond to the urgent needs of their citizens should expect them to resort to resistance, terrorism, and revolutionary violence. Two main forms of democratic governance exist on the basis of western examples: the presidentialist design illustrated by the United States, and parliamentarist forms developed in Western Europe. The argument advanced here is that the presidentialist formula is inherently less able than parliamentarism to support the degree of representativeness and legitimacy required as a minimal basis for the survival of democratic governance. Some of the exceptional reasons why, despite the high rate of collapse of other presidentialist regimes, the US constitutional system has survived so long are explained. Because it is, indeed, very difficult to transform any presidentialist regime into a parliamentary one, the US example is used to support lessons concerning the costs that must be paid for presidentialist regimes to survive.
PRESSURE AND GUILT: WAR EXPERIENCES OF A YOUNG GERMAN SOLDIER AND THEIR BIOGRAPHICAL IMPLICATIONS (PART 1)
Authors: Schütze Fritz 
Published: March 2007

The psychoanalysts Alexander and Margarete Mitscherlich claimed in their widely discussed article (1977) that Germans would be incapable of mourning about and repenting of the disaster of the Second World War, the millions of deaths and suffering of the victims of Nazi terror. They argued that Germans would repress or deny what had happened to avoid suffering from severe depression. The Mitscherlich thesis is criticised in this study by displaying the wide landscape of deep personal involvement (called a `trajectory') in various autobiographical differentations of living within a world of total collective moral deterioration. The research necessary to prove or disprove such a thesis works with `autobiographical narrative interviews' conceived by the author. The research style of meticulous structural descriptions is developed to utilise formal text indicators for localising such phenomena like fading out, delayed recollection, and compartmentalised phases of working-through. Typical for this method, its data arise from interviewing single cases, here that of an ideologically non-committed German. As a young German soldier in the Second World War, he too showed phases of incapacity to mourn and repent. But the informant did not remain in that state. Severe crisis experiences in his later private life led to sudden recollections of encounters with victims of Nazi terror. He started to mourn and repent. Besides empirical evidence of the feeling of personal entanglement in collective guilt also among those not engaged in intentional acts of immoral behaviour, we encounter the interesting phenomenon of delayed mourning about and repenting of the moral deterioration within the collectivity of `We, the Germans'. This finding is corroborated by data from many narrative interviews with other Germans who were non-committed to Nazi ideology but active in the German war machinery.