bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B among Indochinese refugees in Great Britain
Authors: Chadwick R G , Hall A J , Davidson I , Bull F G , Wright R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Six hundred and thirty-two blood samples from 879 consecutive admissions to one resettlement camp for Indochinese refugees in Great Britain were screened for markers of hepatitis B (HB) virus infection. The overall prevalence of HB surface antigen (HBsAg) was 15%, being 16% in those aged 40 years or less, and falling to 8% in those older than 40 (P less than 0.05). No significant difference in prevalence was found between males and females. HBe antigen was detected in 56% of those with HBsAg and was demonstrable in 55-76% of those under 30 years of age. HBe antibody was found in 21% of HBsAg-positive refugees. In those under 40 years old, HB core (HBc) antibody was commoner in males (P less than 0.01). HBc antibody prevalence increased significantly with age in females (P less than 0.01) but not in males. There was no definite evidence that vertical transmission of hepatitis B was present in the group studied.
Aortic aneurysm in a patient with long-standing hypothyroidism
Authors: Savage C , Deanfield J E , Jung R T 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Hypothyroidism over a lifetime is rare. Such a case is reported due to post-coupling dyshormonogenesis in a patient who had developed an aortic aneurysm. It is proposed that the aortic aneurysm could have arisen as a direct consequence of the hypothyroidism. Furthermore, Reilly bodies, which are deposits of mucopolysaccharide, were found in the peripheral blood leucocytes; these have never been previously described in hypothyroidism. It is suggested that they may reflect an underlying disturbance in mucopolysaccharide turnover which could have resulted in weakening of the aortic wall and aneurysmal formation.
Spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula with ophthalmoplegia and facial palsy
Authors: Kapur Anil , Parikh N K , Shanghavi N G , Amin S K 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A hypertensive patient presenting with facial palsy and ophthalmoplegia following a spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula is presented. The mechanism of facial palsy in such cases is discussed.
Acute uric acid nephropathy: a complication of phencyclidine intoxication
Authors: Patel Raman 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Although cases of myoglobinuric acute renal failure in phencyclidine abuse have been reported there are no previous reports of acute renal failure due to hyperuricaemia in this condition. Two cases of acute uric acid nephropathy associated with phencyclidine intoxication are described.
Terminal care: evaluation of effects on surviving family of care before and after bereavement
Authors: Cameron Jean , Parkes Colin Murray 
Published: December 2008

Summary
To evaluate the effects on the family of a comprehensive programme of terminal cancer care, 20 close relatives of patients who had died in a Palliative Care Unit (PCU) were compared with a matched group of 20 relatives of patients who had died of cancer in other wards of the same teaching hospital.
Interviewed by telephone 1 year and 2 weeks after bereavement, relatives of PCU patients report significantly fewer psychological symptoms and less lasting grief and anger than relatives of patients who had died elsewhere.
Factors thought to have contributed to good outcomes were successful relief of pain, awareness by relatives of the coming death of the patient and support given to relatives after bereavement. Two case examples illustrate these findings.
Sutureless skin closure for pacemaker implantation: comparison with subcuticular suture
Authors: Pitcher D 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In 51 patients undergoing pacemaker implantation a trial was carried out to compare the results of sutureless skin closure using a new product (Op-Site skin closures) with skin closure using a continuous subcuticular absorbable (Dexon) suture. Incisions closed with Op-Site skin closures healed as well as those closed with subcuticular suture but were associated with less frequent and less extensive erythema around the skin edges one week after the procedure. They were quicker, simpler and cheaper to apply than the suture material used in this study.
Pathological aspects of endomyocardial fibrosis
Authors: Olsen E G J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The studies leading up to the unitarian concept suggesting that endomyocardial fibrosis, described in the tropics, and Löffler’s endocarditis parietalis fibroplastica (Löffler’s endomyocardial disease), described in the temperate zone, belong to the same disease spectrum are detailed. Evidence that the eosinophil is involved in the pathogenesis of endomyocardial diseases, irrespective of the geographical origin, is presented. The findings of a similar abnormality in these cells obtained from patients in the tropical and temperate zones are briefly mentioned. In view of the evidence it is proposed that endomyocardial disease, associated with abnormal eosinophils, hitherto classified under the restrictive type of cardiomyopathy, be removed from this classification and reclassified under ‘specific heart muscle disease’.
Rheumatic symptoms in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Helliwell M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In a retrospective survey of 34 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), 18 (53%0 complained of musculo-skeletal symptoms during the 12 months before the diagnosis was made and 9 (26%) attended at some time for either a rheumatological or orthopaedic consultation. Myalgia was the most frequently reported symptom which occurred in 41% of patients. Arthralgia, mainly affecting the large joints was present in 11 (32%) patients, 2 of whom had an erosive synovitis mimicking rheumatoid arthritis. Radiological abnormalities were seen in 8 patients. Clinicians should be aware of the variety and frequency of musculo-skeletal symptoms associated with HPT and should consider including serum calcium measurements when investigating rheumatic complaints.
Unusual presentation of primary klebsiella meningitis: successful treatment with cefotaxime
Authors: Sandyk R , Brennan M J W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A man who presented with lumbar backache subsequently developed signs of meningitis. The causative organism was proved to be Klebsiella pneumoniae. Despite treatment with chloramphenicol and amikacin, the condition progressed until cefotaxime was added to the treatment regimen. The patient made a good recovery. This is the first report of the use of cefotaxime in klebsiella meningitis.
Nodal bradycardia induced by tocainide
Authors: Mandal S K , Datta S K 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of tocainide-induced nodal bradycardia in standard recommended dose is reported. There was no recurrence when the drug was subsequently reintroduced in a reduced dosage. It is suggested that in the elderly, tocainide should be used in a lower dosage than normally recommended.
Alpha 2HS-glycoprotein in the serum and urine of patients with renal diseases
Authors: Kishore B K , Gejyo F , Arakawa M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The concentration of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein (alpha 2HS-GP), as measured by the single radial immunodiffusion technique in the sera of 52 patients with various renal diseases and varying degrees of proteinuria, was found to be significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) when compared to the control values. Out of the 52 patients examined, 34 were found to excrete alpha 2HS-GP in urine with no correlation between the serum and urine levels of this protein. Although there is a statistically significant correlation between the clearances of albumin and alpha 2HS-GP, in only six patients were the clearances of alpha 2HS-GP within +/- 25% of albumin clearance. Twelve had higher, and 16 had lower, relative clearances of alpha 2HS-GP. The relative clearance of alpha 2HS-GP had no relation to the serum levels of alpha 2HS-GP, but correlated with the degree of proteinuria and the type of histological lesion in the kidney. In conclusion, there is a quantitative reduction of serum alpha 2HS-GP in patients with renal diseases. It appears that the degree of proteinuria and the type of renal lesion influences its selective handling by the kidneys.
Juvenile proximal spinal muscular atrophy with early hypertrophy of calves
Authors: Gobernado J M , Riva C , Gimeno A , García-Albea E , Anaya A 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe clinical, electrophysiological, histological and ultrastructural features of a patient with chronic spinal muscular atrophy of adolescent onset associated with hypertrophied calf-muscle are described. This recently recognised entity must be distinguished from other types of spinal muscular atrophy.
Heparin-associated priapism
Authors: Burke B J , Scott G L , Smith P J B , Wakerley G R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient who developed priapism 7 hr after stopping an intravenous heparin infusion is described. Abnormal spontaneous platelet aggregation was demonstrated whilst on heparin treatment and is thought to play a role in the aetiology of heparin induced priapism.
Bullous skin eruption associated with carbamazepine overdosage
Authors: Godden David J , McPhie James L 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient who developed a bullous skin eruption associated with carbamazepine overdosage is described. The authors believe this previously unreported phenomenon to be of clinical importance. Carbamazepine should be considered in the differential diagnosis of drug-induced coma with associated bullous lesions.
The treatment of quinine poisoning with charcoal haemoperfusion
Authors: Morgan Michael D L , Rainford David J , Pusey Charles D , Robins-Cherry A M , Henry J G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Quinine poisoning is rare but serious. Attempts at treatment by active removal have proved unsuccessful because of its high degree of protein binding. We describe two cases of non-accidental overdose of quinine (19.5 g and 15 g) with potentially fatal serum quinine levels. Both patients were treated by 2 periods of charcoal haemoperfusion during which quinine clearances of up to 125 ml/min were obtained. Both patients recovered, though one had some residual visual disturbance. We suggest that in cases of quinine poisoning, charcoal haemoperfusion may be a safe and effective method of drug removal, to be used with stellate ganglion block.
Systolic time intervals: a review of the method in the non-invasive investigation of cardiac function in health, disease and clinical pharmacology
Authors: Hassan S , Turner P 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Measurement of systolic time intervals is a valuable, non-invasive procedure to assess left ventricular performance, particularly when influenced by drugs. In this review, we discuss various factors affecting systolic time intervals, the therapeutic implications of the technique and its place among other non-invasive tests of cardiac function.
Acute cerebellar ataxia and infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Wadhwa N K , Ghose R R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 28-year-old man, who presented with acute cerebellar ataxia, was found to have haematological features of infectious mononucleosis. There was serological evidence of recent infection with Epstein-Barr virus. It is speculated that cerebellar dysfunction results from virus-induced inflammatory changes within the central nervous system.
Thiazides, beta blockers and lipoproteins
Authors: Ballantyne D , Ballantyne F C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Beta blockers and thiazide diuretics are the most commonly used agents in the treatment of hypertension because of their efficacy and lack of side effects. It is hoped that by lowering blood pressure with these drugs the medium and long-term risk of coronary heart disease is reduced. The Veterans Administration Cooperative Group (1970) provided clear evidence of an effect on cerebrovascular disease morbidity and mortality, but a decrease in cardiac events was not proven. More recently, encouraging evidence of such a reduction in coronary heart disease mortality has been reported by the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group (1979a, b). However, the authors considered that the data for cause of death were too unreliable to permit conclusions to be drawn. It therefore seems that therapy of hypertension is more effective in reducing cerebrovascular disease than coronary heart disease.
Left ventricular thrombi after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Bhatnagar Sudhir K , Al Yusuf Abdul Razzak 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Two-dimensional echocardiography was utilized in a prospective study to find the incidence, characteristics and natural history of left ventricular thrombus in 50 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction. The overall incidence of thrombosis was 14%; 19% in anterior and 5% in inferior infarction. The thrombus was detected at the apex in 4, along the ventricular septum in 2 and at both these sites in one patient. It was observed 3-10 days after the infarction.
Thrombus at the ventricular septum, seen in this study, has not been reported previously in acute myocardial infarction. Development of apical and septal thrombi was significantly associated with akinesis of these sites. Only 2 patients with protruding thrombi had systemic embolism.
We conclude that the apex as well as the septum are common sites for thrombosis in patients with severe wall motion abnormalities following acute anterior infarction. Careful observation of these sites during echocardiography may reveal thrombi prone for embolization.
Transient, selective factor X deficiency and acute liver failure following chest infection treated with erythromycin BP
Authors: Hosker J P , Jewell D P 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA 57-year-old man developed symptoms of a respiratory tract infection which was treated with erythromycin BP. He subsequently went into acute liver failure. Investigation of a very prolonged prothrombin time revealed a marked, selective factor X deficiency (1% of normal activity). He later recovered virtually normal liver function and completely normal factor X activity.
Kingella kingae causing septic arthritis in Felty’s syndrome
Authors: Lewis D A , Settas L 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of septic arthritis of the elbow caused by Kingella kingae, a Gram-negative bacillus, is described. The patient had long-standing, severe rheumatoid arthritis and Felty’s syndrome. This appears to be the first report from the United Kingdom of Kingella kingae as the aetiological agent of septic arthritis.
Factors affecting pain in burned patients—a preliminary report
Authors: Charlton J E , Klein R , Gagliardi G , Heimbach D M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Twenty-six patients in a burn unit were given the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Illness Behaviour Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Zung self-rating depression questionnaire and visual graphic rating scales of pain, depression and helplessness. Preliminary results indicate significant pain and anxiety related to procedures such as debridement, physiotherapy and skin-grafting. Depression occurred in one third of patients and was associated with prolonged stay in hospital and complicated surgical course. The instruments used in this study are suitable for assessing pain and factors affecting it.
Hypertension in the West Indies
Authors: Grell Gerald A C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the West Indies, and is a major health problem today being among the 10 most common causes of death in the English-speaking territories of the region. Most patients have essential hypertension. Renal failure, stroke, and cardiac failure are the most common complications, myocardial infarction being relatively uncommon in black patients.
While an earlier report from the Caribbean suggested that beta-blockers were not effective for treating black hypertensives, recent experience with these drugs show that they are useful particularly when administered along with a diuretic. Beta-blockers may be required in higher doses than those commonly recommended for patients in Europe and North America, but even small doses of thiazide diuretics are effective in lowering the blood pressure of West Indian hypertensives.
West Indians show a combination of personalistic, naturalistic, and modern medical beliefs, which need to be understood in order to mount effective programmes for the management of hypertension in the community.
The pattern and severity of coronary artery disease in Asians and whites living in Birmingham
Authors: Lowry Patricia J , Mace P J E , Glover D R , Littler W A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Thirty-four Asian patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were each matched for age, sex, blood pressure and duration of symptoms with 2 white patients with CAD. Blind assessment of coronary arteriograms demonstrated significantly more severe disease in Asians but distribution of disease was similar in both groups. Assessment of risk factors showed that the Asian group had significantly more non-smokers, lower cholesterol levels and weighed less than whites.
The ethnic prevalence of hypertension in a diabetic clinic
Authors: Pacy P J , Dodson P M , Beevers M , Fletcher R F , Taylor K G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Using the WHO criteria of hypertension, we have demonstrated that 40% of randomly selected diabetic clinic attenders under the age of 65 were hypertensive.
Black diabetics had a significantly greater prevalence (P less than 0.001) of hypertension than either white or Asian diabetics. Hypertension was commoner in black and white females compared with males (P less than 0.001); in Asians this difference was not statistically significant.
Systolic hypertension was the most common form in all ethnic groups. Only 38.7% of diabetics receiving antihypertensive therapy had normal blood pressure readings.
Blood pressure measurement should therefore be routinely performed in all diabetic patients under the age of 65, particularly in females of all ethnic groups and in black males.
The effects of a high fibre, low fat and low sodium dietary regime on diabetic hypertensive patients of different ethnic groups
Authors: Dodson P M , Pacy P J , Beevers M , Bal P , Fletcher R F , Taylor K G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Fifty-three diabetic patients with mild hypertension were allocated to a treatment diet with a high fibre, low fat and low sodium dietary regime or a control diet. After a 1-month treatment period, the modified-diet treated group (n = 35) showed a highly significant reduction in mean diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001) accompanied by significant reduction in urinary sodium excretion (P less than 0.01). The mean values of diastolic pressure (P less than 0.05) and urinary sodium/potassium ratio (P less than 0.01) were also significantly reduced at 1 month compared to control. White (n = 16) and West Indian (n = 10) diabetic hypertensive patients demonstrated a similar significant hypotensive response (P less than 0.05 and less than 0.01 respectively) with reduction in urinary sodium excretion to the modified diet. In contrast, Asian patients demonstrated no significant changes.
Treatment of hypertension in diabetic subjects with a high fibre, low fat and low sodium dietary regimen may have a hypotensive response after a period of 1 month and there is a similar response in both black and white ethnic groups. Further observation of these patients will determine long-term response and compliance.
Ethnic differences in the distribution of congenital malformations
Authors: Terry P B , Mathew P M , Condie R G , Bissenden J G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Major lethal and non-lethal congenital malformations occurring in babies born in Dudley Road Hospital in 1979, 1980 and 1981 were related to the ethnic group of the mother. There was an increased incidence of gastrointestinal malformations in the Indian group and an increased incidence of abnormalities that could be associated with consanguinity and increased maternal age in the Pakistani group.
A sample population (2000 mothers) was obtained in the first 7 months of 1982 to determine the maternal age distribution and consanguinity rates in the various ethnic groups.
Inner-city residents, ethnic minorities and primary health care
Authors: Johnson M R D , Cross M , Cardew S A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Ethnic minorities form a substantial proportion of the urban population. A household survey in the West Midlands assessed usage of primary and preventative health care services. Asian households made some-what higher use of general practitioner (GP) facilities which can be related to demographic and socio-economic status. Fewer differences were found than expected, and uptake of preventative services was good. Afro-Caribbean patterns were similar to those of whites.
Nutritional disturbances in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Harries A D , Heatley Richard V 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA wide range of nutritional disturbances may be found in patients with Crohn’s disease. As more sophisticated tests become available to measure vitamin and trace element deficiencies, so these are being recognized as complications of Crohn’s disease. It is important to recognize nutritional deficiencies at an early stage and initiate appropriate treatment. Otherwise many patients, experiencing what can be a chronic and debilitating illness, may suffer unnecessarily from the consequences of deprivation of vital nutrients.
Basal cell carcinoma—a review of treatment results with special reference to cryotherapy
Authors: McIntosh G S , Osborne D R , Li A K C , Hobbs K E F 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A retrospective study has been undertaken of all head and neck basal cell cancers treated at the Royal Free Hospital between 1976 and 1980 inclusive.
Four methods of treatment were used during the period: simple excision with primary closure (n = 43), skin grafting or trans-position flap (n = 19), radiotherapy (n = 99), and cryosurgical ablation (n = 34). The methods were compared by observing the immediate results, the subsequent tumour recurrence rate and the length of follow-up.
Statistical comparison of tumour recurrence rate showed no significant difference between treatment groups. Radiotherapy had the lowest recurrence rate (2%), but required an average of 9 out-patient treatment attendances. Excision with primary closure carried the highest recurrence rate (9.3%), whilst excision with defect closure by flap or graft, which needed a mean in-patient stay of 8.2 days, and cryosurgical treatment had similar recurrence rates of 5 to 6%. Comparing the modes of treatment, cryosurgery was quickest to perform, required no hospitalization and less than 2 out-patient treatment sessions per patient and gave the best cosmetic result. It appears to be a safe technique for treating basal cell cancers and may prove to be the most cost effective method.