bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reverse‐caricature effect revisited: Familiarization with frontal facial caricatures improves veridical face recognition
Authors: Rodríguez Jobany , Bortfeld Heather , Rudomín Isaac , Hernández Benjamín , Gutiérrez‐Osuna Ricardo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPrior research suggests that recognition of a person's face can be facilitated by exaggerating the distinctive features of the face during training. We tested if this ‘reverse‐caricature effect’ would be robust to procedural variations that created more difficult learning environments. Specifically, we examined whether the effect would emerge with frontal rather than three‐quarter views, after very brief exposure to caricatures during the learning phase and after modest rotations of faces during the recognition phase. Results indicate that, even under these difficult training conditions, people are more accurate at recognizing unaltered faces if they are first familiarized with caricatures of the faces, rather than with the unaltered faces. These findings support the development of new training methods to improve face recognition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When a graph is poorer than 100 words: A comparison of computerised natural language generation, human generated descriptions and graphical displays in neonatal intensive care
Authors: van der Meulen Marian , Logie Robert H. , Freer Yvonne , Sykes Cindy , McIntosh Neil , Hunter Jim 
Published: December 2008

AbstractVolunteer staff from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were presented with sets of anonymised physiological data recorded over approximately 45 minute periods from former patients. Staff were asked to select medical/nursing actions appropriate for each of the patients whose data were displayed. Data were shown in one of three conditions (a) as multiple line graphs similar to those commonly shown on the ward, or as textual descriptions generated by (b) expert medical/nursing staff or (c) computerised natural language generation (NLG). An overall advantage was found for the human generated text, but NLG resulted in decisions that were at least as good as those for the graphical displays with which staff were familiar. It is suggested that NLG might offer a viable automated approach to removing noise and artefacts in real, complex and dynamic data sets, thereby reducing visual complexity and mental workload, and enhancing decision‐making particularly for inexperienced staff. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Citation levels and collaboration within library and information science
Authors: Levitt Jonathan M. , Thelwall Mike 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCollaboration is a major research policy objective, but does it deliver higher quality research? This study uses citation analysis to examine the Web of Science (WoS) Information Science & Library Science subject category (IS&LS) to ascertain whether, in general, more highly cited articles are more highly collaborative than other articles. It consists of two investigations. The first investigation is a longitudinal comparison of the degree and proportion of collaboration in five strata of citation; it found that collaboration in the highest four citation strata (all in the most highly cited 22%) increased in unison over time, whereas collaboration in the lowest citation strata (un‐cited articles) remained low and stable. Given that over 40% of the articles were un‐cited, it seems important to take into account the differences found between un‐cited articles and relatively highly cited articles when investigating collaboration in IS&LS. The second investigation compares collaboration for 35 influential information scientists; it found that their more highly cited articles on average were not more highly collaborative than their less highly cited articles. In summary, although collaborative research is conducive to high citation in general, collaboration has apparently not tended to be essential to the success of current and former elite information scientists.
Browsing the underdeveloped Web: An experiment on the Arabic Medical Web Directory
Authors: Chung Wingyan , Chen Hsinchun 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWhile the Web has grown significantly in recent years, some portions of the Web remain largely underdeveloped, as shown in a lack of high‐quality content and functionality. An example is the Arabic Web, in which a lack of well‐structured Web directories limits users' ability to browse for Arabic resources. In this research, we proposed an approach to building Web directories for the underdeveloped Web and developed a proof‐of‐concept prototype called the Arabic Medical Web Directory (AMedDir) that supports browsing of over 5,000 Arabic medical Web sites and pages organized in a hierarchical structure. We conducted an experiment involving Arab participants and found that the AMedDir significantly outperformed two benchmark Arabic Web directories in terms of browsing effectiveness, efficiency, information quality, and user satisfaction. Participants expressed strong preference for the AMedDir and provided many positive comments. This research thus contributes to developing a useful Web directory for organizing the information in the Arabic medical domain and to a better understanding of how to support browsing on the underdeveloped Web.
Increase in selenium requirements with physical activity loads in well‐trained athletes is not linear
Authors: Margaritis IrÈNe , Rousseau Anne‐Sophie , Hininger Isabelle , Palazzetti StÉPhane , Arnaud Josiane , Roussel Anne‐Marie 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSelenium requirements in athletes are supposed to be increased with energy expenditure (EE) to preserve selenium status and an optimal antioxidant balance. The question of whether selenium intakes are related to EE and whether plasma selenium status induces up‐regulation in erythrocyte endogenous antioxidant defense and decreases plasma oxidative damage markers in athletes was addressed. 118 well‐trained athletes completed 7 d food and activities records in a cross‐sectional study. Blood was sampled on day 8. Among the athletes, 23% of the males and 66% of the females had selenium intakes below two‐third of the French RDA. Plasma selenium concentrations in most of less trained athletes were lower than the postulated concentration to be required to maximize erythrocyte GSH‐Px activity. Athletes with the highest daily EE had the highest selenium intakes, percentage of vegetal protein intakes and plasma selenium concentrations. Only 2.6% of the athletes exhibited low plasma selenium concentrations (< 0.75 μmol/l). The relation between plasma selenium and EE was polynomial (r = 0.50; P < 0.005). Erythrocyte GSH‐Px activity in athletes was not linked to selenium status. Selenium requirements are increased in athletes without being linearly related to EE.
Breeding and biotechnology for improving berry nutritional quality
Authors: Scalzo Jessica , Battino Maurizio , Costantini Elisa , Mezzetti Bruno 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBreeding and biotechnological approaches are currently used to increase the content of specific bioactive components of plants, but the manipulation of plant metabolism is still not easy to address. There is an increasing awareness that multiple genetic and environmental factors affect production and accumulation of bioactive compounds, but these factors are rarely taken into account when fruit is marketed.Rigorous and unprejudiced evaluation of scientific evidence requires a defined set of criteria and methods of evaluation, particularly when breeding and biotech programs are aimed of producing new varieties with improved nutritional values combined with high plant production efficiency and fruit quality.In order to develop new genotypes and commercial cultivars the availability of new sources of Quality Attributes (QA) and Nutritional Attributes (NA) should be explored. In the strawberry, wild species such as F. virginiana glauca and F. vesca are good sources of bioactive compounds, but in raspberries the introduction of the wild germplasm (R. parvifolium) did not improve the nutritional quality of fruit.The methods available for detecting fruit TAC, combined with TPH and other quality parameters such as sugars, total acidity and fruit color, can be proposed as excellent tools for developing a fast and reliable program for screening large breeding populations for high nutritional quality genotypes. Furthermore, NA can represent a useful tool to facilitate analysis of “substantial equivalence“ of transgenic and control derived fruit.
The influence of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Sunjic Suzana Borovic , Cipak Ana , Rabuzin Filip , Wildburger Renate , Zarkovic Neven 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe product of lipid peroxidation, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE) is known to cause cell death at high concentrations, while at lower concentrations it can influence cell proliferation and differentiation. In our experiments we used human osteosarcoma cells (HOS), to test the influence of HNE on cell proliferation, differentiation and induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis induction was estimated by TiterTACS™ TUNEL test. The cells were in parallel counted and the DAPI staining method was used to distinguish between apoptotic and necrotic cells as well as to define the proportion of cells in mitosis. To test the influence of HNE on HOS cell differentiation, cells were treated every second day with HNE. After 10 days, the cells were stained for alkaline phosphatase, a marker for osteoblast differentiation. Cell growth inhibition was caused by supraphysiological concentrations of 10 or 100 μM HNE, while apoptosis was induced with supraphysiological as well as by the physiological amount of the aldehyde (1 μM). Necrosis appeared when cells were treated with 10 or 100 μM, but not with 1 μM HNE. The proportion of cells in mitosis gradually declined with increased HNE concentration. Multiple exposures of HOS cells to 10 μM HNE prevented HOS cell differentiation. These results indicated that HNE inhibits proliferation and differentiation of HOS cells in the same concentration dependent manner as it causes apoptosis. We thus assume that HNE might be one of the important signaling molecules regulating the growth of the human osteosarcoma cells.
4‐Hydroxynonenal and cell cycle
Authors: Barrera Giuseppina , Pizzimenti Stefania , Laurora Stefano , Briatore Federica , Toaldo Cristina , Dianzani Mario Umberto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLipid peroxidation is very low in proliferating cells and tumours and it might have a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation by acting through its products. 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE) has been proposed as a mediator of lipoperoxidation effects. It has been demonstrated that HNE can inhibit cell growth and induce differentiation in different leukemic cell lines. The onset of differentiation, induced by HNE, was accompanied by a reduction of c‐myc expression. In HL‐60 cells, HNE induced the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Cell cycle progression is regulated by three protein classes, the cyclins, the cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), and the CDK inhibitors (CKIs). In HL‐60 cells, HNE decreased the expression of cyclin D1, D2 and A and caused an increase of p21 (the most important CKI) expression, whereas it did not affect CDK expressions. Since cyclins D/CDK2 and cyclin A/CDK2 phosphorylate pRB, HNE caused an increase of hypophosphorylated pRb. Hypophosphorylated pRb binds and inactivates the E2F transcription factors. Band‐shift experiments demonstrated that HNE caused a decrease of “free“ E2F, as well as an increase of pRb (and pRB family members) bound to E2F with consequent repression of the transcription.
Effects of vitamin C and aspirin in ischemic stroke‐related lipid peroxidation: Results of the AVASAS (Aspirin Versus Ascorbic acid plus Aspirin in Stroke) Study
Authors: Polidori M. Cristina , Praticó Domenico , Ingegni Tiziana , Mariani Elena , Spazzafumo Liana , Sindaco Paola Del , Cecchetti Roberta , Yao Yuemang , Ricci Stefano , Cherubini Antonio , Stahl Wilhelm , Sies Helmut , Senin Umberto , Mecocci Patrizia , Group Avasas Study 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA condition of oxidative stress is known to occur in ischemic stroke, the current therapeutic intervention of which is largely limited to thrombolysis. To assess the effect of vitamin C ‐ in conjunction to aspirin ‐ in ischemic stroke‐related lipid peroxidation, we measured plasma levels of ascorbate, of 8,12‐isoprostanes F2α‐VI (8,12‐iPF2α‐VI) and activities and levels of a broad spectrum of antioxidant enzymes and micronutrients in stroke patients randomized to receive, from stroke onset and up to three months, either vitamin C (200 mg/day) plus aspirin (300 mg/day) or only aspirin (300 mg/day). By the end of the first week, patients treated with vitamin C plus aspirin had higher vitamin C levels (p= 0.02) and lower 8,12‐iPF2α‐VI levels (p= 0.01) than patients treated with aspirin alone. The significance was maintained for the increase of vitamin C after three months of therapy (p< 0.01). The clinical functional outcome for both groups of patients similarly ameliorated after three months of treatment. We conclude that vitamin C, at the dose of 200∼mg/day and in conjunction with aspirin, significantly decreases ischemic stroke‐related lipid peroxidation in humans. Further studies are warranted to clarify whether the use of vitamin C may add clinical long‐term beneficial effects in patients with stroke.
Anti‐fibrosclerotic effects of shock wave therapy in lipedema and cellulite
Authors: Siems Werner , Grune Tilman , Voss Peter , Brenke Rainer 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn vivo measurements in 26 female patients with lipedema and cellulite parameters were carried out before and after therapy by means of complex physical decongestive therapy (CPDT) including manual lymph drainage and compression as main components and/or shock wave therapy (SWT). Oxidative stress parameters of blood serum and biomechanic skin properties/smoothening of dermis and hypodermis surface were evaluated. Oxidative stress in lipedema and cellulite was demonstrated by increased serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma protein carbonyls compared with healthy control persons. Both MDA and protein carbonyls in blood plasma decreased after serial shock wave application and CPDT. The SWT itself and CPDT itself lead to MDA release from edematous tissue into the plasma. Obviously both therapy types, SWT and CPDT, mitigate oxidative stress in lipedema and cellulite. In parallel SWT improved significantly the biomechanic skin properties leading to smoothening of dermis and hypodermis surface. Significant correlation between MDA depletion of edematous and lipid enriched dermis and improvement of mechanic skin properties was demonstrated. From these findings it is concluded, that a release of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products from edematous dermis is an important sclerosis‐preventing effect of SWT and/or CPDT in lipedema and cellulite. Expression of factors stimulating angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis such as VEGF was not induced by SWT and/or CPDT and, therefore, not involved in beneficial effects by SWT and/or CPDT.
Oxidative burst and anticancer activities of rat neutrophils
Authors: Zivkovic Morana , Poljak‐Blazi Marija , Egger Gerd , Sunjic Suzana Borovic , Schaur Rudolf JÖRg , Zarkovic Neven 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt is assumed that oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) from activated neutrophil granulocytes may contribute to pathology of tumors. ROS are crucial in neutrophil‐mediated tumor cell lysis. The present study is focused on the oxidative burst and antitumorous activities of neutrophils when challenged with Walker carcinoma W256. Survival and tumor growth dynamics were monitoredin vivo, while tumor cell proliferation when mixed with neutrophils was studiedin vitrotogether with the generation/release of neutrophil respiratory burst products, primarily1O2. Neutrophils were collected upon Sephadex injection. The survival of Sephadex injected animals was slightly improved, while their tumors grew less than in controls. The presence of tumor cellsin vitroactivated neutrophils to produce singlet oxygen similar to phorbol ester. Neutrophils from Sephadex‐bearing animals diminished tumor cell proliferationin vitro(measured by3H‐TdR incorporation), while neutrophils from Sephadex and the tumor‐bearing animals did not show such activityin vitro. Our results confirm that in the case of rapidly growing tumors such as murine W256 carcinoma neutrophils have antitumorous effects in the early phase of tumor development.
Coenzyme Q and the regulation of intracellular steady‐state levels of superoxide in HL‐60 cells
Authors: González‐Aragón David , Burón María I. , López‐Lluch Guillermo , Hermán María D. , Gómez‐Díaz Consuelo , Navas PlÁCido , Villalba José M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe present work was set to study how CoQ concentrations affected steady‐state levels of superoxide in a cellular model of partial CoQ10 deficiency in cultured human myeloid leukemia HL‐60 cells. Culturing HL‐60 cells in the presence of p‐aminobenzoate, a competitive inhibitor of polyprenyl‐4‐hydroxybenzoate transferase (Coq2p), produced a significant decrease of CoQ10 levels without affecting cell viability. Concomitant decreases in CoQ‐dependent electron transport activity and mitochondrial membrane potential were observed under these conditions. Intracellular superoxide was significantly elevated in cells treated with p‐aminobenzoate, both under serum‐containing and serum‐free conditions, and this effect was reversed by exogenous CoQ10. A slight increase of superoxide was also observed in CoQ10‐supplemented cells in the absence of serum. Our results support a requirement for CoQ10 to control superoxide levels in HL‐60 cells. The importance of extramitochondrial sources of superoxide in cells with impaired CoQ10 biosynthesis is discussed.
Effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on serum levels of coenzyme Q10 and other lipid‐soluble antioxidants
Authors: Palan Prabhudas R. , Connell Kathleen , Ramirez Elizabeth , Inegbenijie Christian , Gavara Rachana Y. , Ouseph Jacob A. , Mikhail Magdy S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe present study examines the influence of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on serum levels of coenzyme Q10 and other lipid‐soluble antioxidants in normal women. Serum levels of coenzyme Q10, α‐tocopherol, γ‐tocopherol, β‐carotene and lycopene in 50 premenopausal women (not using oral contraceptives), 33 healthy postmenopausal and 15 postmenopausal women on HRT (“Prempo”; combination of 0.625 mg conjugated estrogen and 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate) were measured by high‐pressure liquid chromatography. Lipid profiles were also analyzed. Significantly higher serum coenzyme Q10 and α‐tocopherol levels were detected in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women (P<0.05, and < 0.001); whereas, in postmenopausal subjects on HRT, we detected a significant decrease in coenzyme Q10 and γ‐tocopherol levels (P<0.001, and < 0.05) and increased α‐tocopherol levels (P<0.05). Serum levels of β‐carotene, lycopene, LDL, HDL, cholesterol and triglyceride were comparable among the study groups. Coenzyme Q10 is postulated to be involved in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) because of its bioenergetics role in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and its antioxidant properties at the mitochondrial and extramitochondrial levels. The decrease in serum concentrations of coenzyme Q10, produced by HRT, may promote oxygen free radical‐induced membrane damage and may, thus alter cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. HRT‐induced reductions in lipid‐soluble antioxidant(s) levels, and its potential consequences on CVD, needs to be further investigated.
Life‐long supplementation with a low dosage of coenzyme Q10in the rat: Effects on antioxidant status and DNA damage
Authors: Quiles José L. , Ochoa Julio J. , Battino Maurizio , Gutierrez‐Rios PurificaciÓN , Nepomuceno Eduardo A. , Frías Magdalena LÓPez , Huertas Jesús R. , Mataix JosÉ 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLife‐long low‐dosage supplementation of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) is studied in relation to the antioxidant status and DNA damage. Thirty‐two male rats were assigned into two experimental groups differing in the supplementation or not with 0.7 mg/kg/day of CoQ10. Eight rats per group were killed at 6 and 24 months. Plasma retinol, α‐tocopherol, coenzyme Q, total antioxidant capacity and fatty acids were analysed. DNA strand breaks were studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Aging and supplementation led to significantly higher values for CoQ homologues, retinol and α‐tocopherol. No difference in total antioxidant capacity was detected at 6 months but significantly lower values were found in aged control animals. Similar DNA strand breaks levels were found at 6 months. Aging led to significantly higher DNA strand breaks levels in both groups but animals supplemented with CoQ10led to a significantly lower increase in that marker. Aged rats showed significantly higher polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study demonstrates that lifelong intake of a low dosage of CoQ10enhances plasma levels of CoQQ9, CoQ10, α‐tocopherol and retinol. In addition, CoQ10supplementation attenuates the age‐related fall in total antioxidant capacity of plasma and the increase in DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Effects of baseline serum levels of Se on markers of eccentric exercise‐induced muscle injury
Authors: Milias G.A. , Nomikos T. , Fragopoulou E. , Athanasopoulos S. , Antonopoulou S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractInflammation and oxidative stress have been implicated in the mechanism of eccentric exercise‐induced muscle injury. This study examined whether baseline serum levels of selenium (Se), a trace element that participates in both antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory systems, affects the overall response to injury. Thirteen males performed 36 maximal eccentric actions with the elbow flexors of the non‐dominant arm on a motorized dynamometer. Venous blood samples were collected immediately before and after exercise at 2, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Established indicators of muscle damage such as maximum isometric torque (MIT), range of motion (ROM), relaxed arm angle (RANG), flexed arm angle (FANG), arm circumference (CIRC), muscle soreness and serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined at the same time points. Baseline serum levels of Se were also measured. Complementary data regarding assessment of Se status were retrieved by the use of a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. All measures changed significantly (p<0.05) after exercise. The main finding of this study was that baseline Se serum levels were associated inversely with CK, LDH and FANG and positively with MIT and ROM (p<0.05). These data suggest that beyond overt Se deficiency, suboptimal Se status possibly worsens muscle functional decrements subsequent to eccentric muscle contractions.