bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lamin B1 curtails early human papillomavirus infection by safeguarding nuclear compartmentalization and autophagic capacity
Authors: Molenberghs Freya , Verschuuren Marlies , Vandeweyer Lauran , Peeters Sarah , Bogers Johannes J. , Novo Claudina Perez , Vanden Berghe Wim , De Reu Hans , Cools Nathalie , Schelhaas Mario , De Vos Winnok H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a primary cause of cervical and head-and-neck cancers. The HPV genome enters the nucleus during mitosis when the nuclear envelope disassembles. Given that lamins maintain nuclear integrity during interphase, we asked to what extent their loss would affect early HPV infection. To address this question, we infected human cervical cancer cells and keratinocytes lacking the major lamins with a HPV16 pseudovirus (HP-PsV) encoding an EGFP reporter. We found that a sustained reduction or complete loss of lamin B1 significantly increased HP-PsV infection rate. A corresponding greater nuclear HP-PsV load in LMNB1 knockout cells was directly related to their prolonged mitotic window and extensive nuclear rupture propensity. Despite the increased HP-PsV presence, EGFP transcript levels remained virtually unchanged, indicating an additional defect in protein turnover. Further investigation revealed that LMNB1 knockout led to a substantial decrease in autophagic capacity, possibly linked to the persistent activation of cGAS by cytoplasmic chromatin exposure. Thus, the attrition of lamin B1 increases nuclear perviousness and attenuates autophagic capacity, creating an environment conducive to unrestrained accumulation of HPV capsids. Our identification of lower lamin B1 levels and nuclear BAF foci in the basal epithelial layer of several human cervix samples suggests that this pathway may contribute to an increased individual susceptibility to HPV infection.
Graphical abstract
Wie die Umsetzung einer Schule für Menschen mit Parkinson-Krankheit gelingen kann – Ergebnisse eines Konsensusverfahrens und einer formativen Evaluation
Authors: Gerschel Tanita , Prokop Scally , Schulze Lara , Feige Tim , Zschieschang Anja , Barbe Michael Thomas , Bitterlich Robert , Caffier Julian , Csoti Ilona , Eggers Carsten , Gaßner Heiko , Gülke Eileen , Hähnel Tom , Herbst Heinz , Jochim Angela , Kiparski Anni , Klietz Martin , von Liel Alexa , Lingor Paul , Loewenbrück Kai , Maetzler Walter , Pürner Dominik , van Riesen Christoph , Schmitz-Pfeiffer Henning , Süß Thorsten , Tönges Lars , Weiß Daniel , Wolz Martin , Falkenburger Björn 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Parkinson-Krankheit ist als weltweit am schnellsten zunehmende neurodegenerative Erkrankung gesellschaftlich hoch relevant. Für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung ist die aktive Beteiligung der Patient*innen erforderlich. Patientenschulen werden bei vielen chronischen Erkrankungen wie Diabetes erfolgreich eingesetzt und könnten auch Menschen mit der Parkinson-Krankheit Fähigkeiten vermitteln, besser mit der Krankheit umzugehen und an Therapieentscheidungen teilzunehmen.

Material und Methoden
Um die Implementierung eines Konzepts für eine Patientenschule für Menschen mit der Parkinson-Krankheit vorzubereiten, wurde ein strukturiertes Konsensusverfahren durchgeführt und ein Pilotprojekt formativ evaluiert. Das strukturierte Konsensusverfahren mit deutschlandweit rekrutierten Expert*innen gliederte sich in eine 1. und 2. Onlinebefragung sowie eine abschließende Konsensuskonferenz. Die formative Evaluation erfolgte durch drei Fokusgruppen. Die Transkripte dieser Gruppeninterviews wurden computergestützt mittels inhaltlich-strukturierender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
In dem Konsensusverfahren konnten 59 Aussagen konsentiert werden, insbesondere zu den Inhalten einer Patientenschule und zu einer Gruppengröße von 6 bis 8 Personen. Lediglich zwei Aussagen wurden nicht konsentiert. Aus der formativen Evaluation waren eine tendenziell positive Haltung gegenüber einem digitalen Schulungsformat und eine sehr positive Bewertung der Inhalte ableitbar.

Diskussion
Insgesamt konnten wichtige Empfehlungen für eine Patientenschule formuliert werden. Zu den Themen Format, Einschlusskriterien, Gruppenzusammensetzung und Einbeziehung von Angehörigen ist dagegen eine weitere Betrachtung erforderlich.
Testing a syndemics perspective on the effects of multiple adversities on depression and anxiety symptoms in a representative population sample
Authors: Batterham Philip J. , Dawel Amy , Murray Kristen , Shou Yiyun , Gulliver Amelia , Cherbuin Nicolas , Farrer Louise M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Considerable empirical evidence indicates that stressful life experiences may have a negative impact on mental health. However, it is unclear how multiple adverse experiences may intersect to influence symptoms of depression and anxiety. Using a syndemics approach to identify potential synergistic effects between major stressors, we aimed to quantify the roles of multiple recent adverse life experiences on depression and anxiety symptoms.

Methods
A population-representative sample of 1090 Australian adults (53% women, Mage 47 years) completed a cross-sectional survey in 2022 that assessed mental health and retrospective reports of nine specific stressful life experiences in the past year.

Results
The most common adverse life experiences in the past year were financial problems (64%), loneliness (63%), or a major health problem (51%). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, financial problems, personal health problems, health problems in a close contact, relationship problems and loneliness were significantly associated with both depression and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.05). There was just one synergistic interaction and one buffering interaction of combined adversities on anxiety, and no synergistic interactions of adverse experiences on depression. The perceived impact of combined adversities was associated with both depression (b = 0.59, p < 0.001) and anxiety (b = 0.48, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Adversity was strongly associated with depression and anxiety. Inconsistent with a syndemics framework, there were very few synergistic relationships between different types of adversities, suggesting that different adverse experiences may independently influence mental health. The findings indicate important opportunities for early intervention to prevent depression and anxiety during difficult times.
Combined use of multiparametric high-content-screening and in vitro circadian reporter assays in neurotoxicity evaluation
Authors: Park Youngil , Kang Hwan-Goo , Kang Seok-Jin , Ku Hyun-Ok , Zarbl Helmut , Fang Ming-Zhu , Park Jae-Hak 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that chronic circadian rhythm disruption is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases induced by exposure to neurotoxic chemicals. Herein, we examined the relationship between cellular circadian rhythm disruption and cytotoxicity in neural cells. Moreover, we evaluated the potential application of an in vitro cellular circadian rhythm assay in determining circadian rhythm disruption as a sensitive and early marker of neurotoxicant-induced adverse effects. To explore these objectives, we established an in vitro cellular circadian rhythm assay using human glioblastoma (U87 MG) cells stably transfected with a circadian reporter vector (PER2-dLuc) and determined the lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs) of several common neurotoxicants. Additionally, we determined the LOAEL of each compound on multiple cytotoxicity endpoints (nuclear size [NC], mitochondrial membrane potential [MMP], calcium ions, or lipid peroxidation) using a multiparametric high-content screening (HCS) assay using transfected U87 MG cells treated with the same neurotoxicants for 24 and 72 h. Based on our findings, the LOAEL for cellular circadian rhythm disruption for most chemicals was slightly higher than that for most cytotoxicity indicators detected using HCS, and the LOAEL for MMP in the first 24 h was the closest to that for cellular circadian rhythm disruption. Dietary antioxidants (methylselenocysteine and N-acetyl-l-cysteine) prevented or restored neurotoxicant-induced cellular circadian rhythm disruption. Our results suggest that cellular circadian rhythm disruption is as sensitive as cytotoxicity indicators and occurs early as much as cytotoxic events during disease development. Moreover, the in vitro cellular circadian rhythm assay warrants further evaluation as an early screening tool for neurotoxicants.
Toxicokinetics of homosalate in humans after dermal application: applicability of oral-route data for exposure assessment by human biomonitoring
Authors: Ebert Katharina E. , Griem Peter , Weiss Tobias , Brüning Thomas , Hayen Heiko , Koch Holger M. , Bury Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHomosalate (HMS) is a UV filter used in sunscreens and personal care products as a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers. Systemic absorption after sunscreen use has been demonstrated in humans, and concerns have been raised about possible endocrine activity of HMS, making a general population exposure assessment desirable. In a previous study, it was shown that the oral bioavailability of cis-HMS (cHMS) is lower than that of trans-HMS (tHMS) by a factor of 10, calling for a separate evaluation of both isomers in exposure and risk assessment. The aim of the current study is the investigation of HMS toxicokinetics after dermal exposure. Four volunteers applied a commercial sunscreen containing 10% HMS to their whole body under regular-use conditions (18–40 mg HMS (kg bw)−1). Parent HMS isomers and hydroxylated and carboxylic acid metabolites were quantified using authentic standards and isotope dilution analysis. Further metabolites were investigated semi-quantitatively. Elimination was delayed and slower compared to the oral route, and terminal elimination half-times were around 24 h. After dermal exposure, the bioavailability of cHMS was a factor of 2 lower than that of tHMS. However, metabolite ratios in relation to the respective parent isomer were very similar to the oral route, supporting the applicability of the oral-route urinary excretion fractions for dermal-route exposure assessments. Exemplary calculations of intake doses showed margins of safety between 11 and 92 (depending on the approach) after single whole-body sunscreen application. Human biomonitoring can reliably quantify oral and dermal HMS exposures and support the monitoring of exposure reduction measures.
Cohomology and geometry of Deligne–Lusztig varieties for $$\textrm{GL}_n$$
Authors: Wang Yingying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe give a description of the cohomology groups of the structure sheaf on smooth compactifications $$\overline{X}(w)$$

X
¯

(
w
)

of Deligne–Lusztig varieties X(w) for $$\textrm{GL}_n$$

GL
n

, for all elements w in the Weyl group. As a consequence, we obtain the $$\textrm{mod}\ p^m$$

mod

p
m

and integral p-adic étale cohomology of $$\overline{X}(w)$$

X
¯

(
w
)

. Moreover, using our result for $$\overline{X}(w)$$

X
¯

(
w
)

and a spectral sequence associated to a stratification of $$\overline{X}(w)$$

X
¯

(
w
)

, we deduce the $$\textrm{mod}\ p^m$$

mod

p
m

and integral p-adic étale cohomology with compact support of X(w). In our proof of the main theorem, in addition to considering the Demazure–Hansen smooth compactifications of X(w), we show that a similar class of constructions provide smooth compactifications of X(w) in the case of $$\textrm{GL}_n$$

GL
n

. Furthermore, we show in the appendix that the Zariski closure of X(w), for any connected reductive group G and any w, has pseudo-rational singularities.
Analysis of selected deep features with CNN-SVM-based for bread wheat seed classification
Authors: Yasar Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe main ingredient of flour is processed wheat. Wheat is an agricultural product that is harvested once a year. It may be necessary to choose the variety of wheat for growing wheat and efficient harvesting. The variety of wheat is important for its economic value, taste, and crop yield. Although there are many varieties of wheat, they are very similar in colour, size, and shape, and it requires expertise to distinguish them by eye. This is very time consuming and can lead to human error. Using computer vision and artificial intelligence, such problems can be solved more quickly and objectively. In this study, an attempt was made to classify five bread wheat varieties belonging to different cultivars using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models. Three approaches have been proposed for classification. First, pre-trained CNN models (ResNet18, ResNet50, and ResNet101) were trained for bread wheat cultivars. Second, the features extracted from the fc1000 layer of the pre-trained CNN models ResNet18, ResNet50, and ResNet101 were classified using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier with different kernel features from machine learning techniques for classification with different variants. Finally, SVM methods were used in the second stage to classify the features obtained from the fc1000 layer of the pre-trained CNN models with an optimal set of features that can represent all features using the minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) feature selection algorithm.The accuracies obtained in the first, second, and last phases are as follows. In the first phase, the most successful method in classifying wheat grains was the ResNet18 model with 97.57%. In the second phase, the ResNet18 + ResNet50 + ResNet101 + Quadratic SVM model was the most successful model in classification using the features obtained from the ResNet CNN models with 94.08%.The accuracy for classification with the 1000 most effective features selected by the feature selection algorithm was 94.51%. Although the classification with features is slightly lower than deep learning, the classification time is much shorter and is 93%. This result confirms the great effectiveness of CNN models for wheat grain classification.
Single-Shot Decoding of Good Quantum LDPC Codes
Authors: Gu Shouzhen , Tang Eugene , Caha Libor , Choe Shin Ho , He Zhiyang , Kubica Aleksander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuantum Tanner codes constitute a family of quantum low-density parity-check codes with good parameters, i.e., constant encoding rate and relative distance. In this article, we prove that quantum Tanner codes also facilitate single-shot quantum error correction (QEC) of adversarial noise, where one measurement round (consisting of constant-weight parity checks) suffices to perform reliable QEC even in the presence of measurement errors. We establish this result for both the sequential and parallel decoding algorithms introduced by Leverrier and Zémor. Furthermore, we show that in order to suppress errors over multiple repeated rounds of QEC, it suffices to run the parallel decoding algorithm for constant time in each round. Combined with good code parameters, the resulting constant-time overhead of QEC and robustness to (possibly time-correlated) adversarial noise make quantum Tanner codes alluring from the perspective of quantum fault-tolerant protocols.
Monodromy of the Casimir connection of a symmetrisable Kac–Moody algebra
Authors: Appel Andrea , Toledano Laredo Valerio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLet $\mathfrak {g}$
g
be a symmetrisable Kac–Moody algebra and $V$
V
an integrable $\mathfrak {g}$
g
–module in category $\mathcal {O}$
O
. We show that the monodromy of the (normally ordered) rational Casimir connection on $V$
V
can be made equivariant with respect to the Weyl group $W$
W
of $\mathfrak {g}$
g
, and therefore defines an action of the braid group $\mathcal {B}_{W}$

B
W

on $V$
V
. We then prove that this action is canonically equivalent to the quantum Weyl group action of $\mathcal {B}_{W}$

B
W

on a quantum deformation of $V$
V
, that is an integrable, category $\mathcal {O}$
O
module $\mathcal {V}$
V
over the quantum group $U_{\hbar }\mathfrak {g}$

U
ħ

g
such that $\mathcal {V}/\hbar \mathcal {V}$
V
/
ħ
V
is isomorphic to $V$
V
. This extends a result of the second author which is valid for $\mathfrak {g}$
g
semisimple.
Hold it close: male octopus hold their hectocotylus closer to their body
Authors: Weertman Willem Lee , Scheel David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe right third arm of the male octopus is the hectocotylized arm. This arm is modified by anatomy specialized to hold and transfer sperm packets to the female, and lacks suckers at the distal end. Male octopus may be distinguished by the skilled eye from their habit of holding their hectocotylus closer to their body in a protective manner, although this observation has never been described quantitatively. We utilized a three-step process of data annotation, pose estimation model training, and model inference to show that this common observation is true of Octopus rubescens. In 2338 images, the eyes, mantle tip, and arm tips of two male (n = 1152) and three female (n = 1085) octopuses were annotated by an experimenter. These images were then used to train a DeepLabCut pose estimation model which achieved a RMSE of 1.78 cm. This model was then used to annotate 11.4 h (n = 408,985 images) of four female and eight male octopuses moving across the middle of a large aquarium. We then compared the human annotated data, and the model inference data separately. In both datasets we compared the arm-tip-to-eye centered point distances, as well as the octopus centric arm tip 90% kernel density estimation area. In both the training dataset and the model inference datasets we found common results. Male O. rubescens hold their third to the right arm closer to their body than all seven other arms while the females do not. Further, in both males and females, the rear arm pairs operate closer to the body than the front arm pairs. Despite their anatomical similarity and potential redundancy, these results indicates functional differences in arm use by octopuses.
Partial regularity for minimizers of a class of discontinuous Lagrangians
Authors: Colombo Roberto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study a one-dimensional Lagrangian problem including the variational reformulation, derived in a recent work of Ambrosio–Baradat–Brenier, of the discrete Monge–Ampère gravitational model, which describes the motion of interacting particles whose dynamics is ruled by the optimal transport problem. The more general action-type functional we consider contains a discontinuous potential term related to the descending slope of the opposite squared distance function from a generic discrete set in $$\mathbb {R}^{d}$$

R

d

. We exploit the underlying geometrical structure provided by the associated Voronoi decomposition of the space to obtain $$C^{1,1}$$

C

1
,
1

-regularity for local minimizers out of a finite number of shock times.
Seasonal and Ecological Determinants of Wild Boar Rooting on Priority Protected Grasslands
Authors: Calosi Martina , Gabbrielli Chiara , Lazzeri Lorenzo , Fattorini Niccolò , Cesaretti Gloria , Burrini Lucia , Petrillo Ottavio , Ferretti Francesco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWild ungulates can influence various trophic levels, regulating carnivore abundance and affecting habitat structure. Conservation problems can arise when high ungulate densities threaten species or habitats with conservation concern. Assessing factors influencing the intensity of their impact is important to identify appropriate measures enhancing habitat conservation. We assessed factors influencing wild boarSus scrofapressure on EU protected grasslands in three protected areas of central Italy, by modelling the effects of environmental variables and wild boar density on rooting activity. We seasonally estimated rooting in 126 sampling plots from spring 2019 to spring 2021, and we used faeces counts to estimate summer wild boar densities. Estimates of density and rooting varied from 3.5 to 22.2 individuals/km2and from 1.1 to 19.2%, respectively. We detected a clear seasonal trend in rooting activity, that peaked in autumn and winter. We also found a strongly positive correlation between spring-summer rooting and summer density, across sites. Rooting intensity was negatively related to the local extent of rock cover and increased with the 1 month-cumulative rainfall, the perimeter of the grassland patch, and the forest cover around plots. These results emphasise the tendency of wild boar to exploit feeding sites in ecotonal areas, i.e., at the interface between forest and meadows, which maximises security and ease of finding food resources. Actions aiming at the protection of focal plants in grassland habitats, as well as reducing wild boar presence, are supported (e.g. fencing and/or targeting population control at vulnerable patches).
Pulse modulation in En-Bloc HoLEP: does it really matter? A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Hartung Friedrich Otto , Egen Luisa , Gruene Britta , Wenk Maren Juliane , Kowalewski Karl-Friedrich , Patroi Paul , Rassweiler-Seyfried Marie-Claire , Michel Maurice Stephan , Herrmann Jonas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is an established option in the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Pulse modulation, such as MOSES® technology, has recently been introduced and may offer potential advantages in HoLEP.

Methods
Perioperative data from 117 patients who underwent MOSES® laser enucleation of the prostate (MoLEP) were collected. Propensity score matching using prostate volume, age, body mass index (BMI), and anticoagulant intake was performed using a database of 237 patients treated with HoLEP. In total, 234 patients were included in the analysis.

Results
Prostate volume (104 vs. 102 ml), age (70 vs. 71 years), BMI (27 vs. 27), and anticoagulant intake (34 vs. 35%) did not differ significantly between the groups. There were no significant differences in operation time (61.5 vs. 58.1 min, p = 0.42), enucleation efficiency (2.5 vs. 2.6 g/min, p = 0.74), hemostasis time (7.8 vs. 8 min, p = 0.75) and hemoglobin drop (0.9 vs. 0.7 mg/dl, p = 0.48). The complication rates were low in both groups (16.2% for HoLEP and 17.1% for MoLEP). No differences were noted in the Clavien-Dindo Classification (p = 0.63) and the Comprehensive Complication Index (p = 0.24). The rate of complications > CDC IIIa was 0.9% for HoLEP (endoscopic coagulation) and 1.7% for MoLEP (2 cases of endoscopic coagulation). No transfusions were administered.

Conclusion
Overall, the enucleation efficiency was high in both groups and the procedure time was short. HoLEP is an efficient and safe treatment option in experienced hands, regardless of the use of pulse modulation technology.