bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realtime polymorphic malicious behavior detection in blockchain-based smart contracts
Authors: GaliŞ Darius , PungilĂ Ciprian , Negru Viorel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes an innovative approach to achieving real-time polymorphic behavior detection, and its direct application to blockchain-focused smart-contracts. We devise a method based on a non-deterministic finite state machine to perform approximate pattern-matching, using a look-ahead mechanism implemented through a concept similar to that of a sliding window, and using threshold-based similarity checking at every state in the automaton. We introduce and formalize our approach, discuss the challenges we faced and then test it in a real-world environment. The experimental results obtained showed a significant speed-up of our approach, as compared to the classic similarity measures used commonly in such scenarios.
Brain banking in the United States and Europe: Importance, challenges, and future trends
Authors: Danner Benjamin , Gonzalez Angelique D , Corbett William Cole , Alhneif Mohammad , Etemadmoghadam Shahroo , Parker-Garza Julie , Flanagan Margaret E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In recent years, brain banks have become valuable resources for examining the molecular underpinnings of various neurological and psychological disorders including Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease. However, the availability of brain tissue has significantly declined. Proper collection, preparation, and preservation of postmortem autopsy tissue are essential for optimal downstream brain tissue distribution and experimentation. Collaborations between brain banks through larger networks such as NeuroBioBank with centralized sample request mechanisms promote tissue distribution where brain donations are disproportionately lower. Collaborations between brain banking networks also help to standardize the brain donation and sample preparation processes, ensuring proper distribution and experimentation. Ethical brain donation and thorough processing enhances the responsible conduct of scientific studies. Education and outreach programs that foster collaboration between hospitals, nursing homes, neuropathologists, and other research scientists help to alleviate concerns among potential brain donors. Furthermore, ensuring that biorepositories accurately reflect the true demographics of communities will result in research data that reliably represent populations. Implementing these measures will grant scientists improved access to brain tissue, facilitating a deeper understanding of the neurological diseases that impact millions.
Defective mutations in STAY-GREEN 1, PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1, and MYB12 genes lead to formation of green ripe fruit in tomato
Authors: Cui Long , Zheng Fangyan , Li Changxing , Li Guobin , Ye Jie , Zhang Yuyang , Wang Taotao , Hong Zonglie , Ye Zhibiao , Zhang Junhong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Modern tomatoes produce colorful mature fruits, but many wild tomato ancestors form green or gray green ripe fruits. Here, tomato cultivar ‘Lvbaoshi’ (LBS) that produces green ripe fruits was found to contain three recessive loci responsible for fruit development. The colorless peel of LBS fruits was caused by a 603 bp deletion in the promoter of SlMYB12. The candidate genes of the remaining two loci were identified as STAY-GREEN 1 (SlSGR1) and PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1 (SlPSY1). SGR1 and PSY1 co-suppression by RNAi converted the pink fruits into green ripe fruits in transgenic plants. An amino acid change in PSY1 and a deletion in the promoter of SGR1 were also identified in several wild tomatoes bearing green or gray ripe fruits. Overexpression of PSY1 from green ripe fruit wild tomatoes in LBS plants could only partially rescue the green ripe fruit phenotype of LBS, and transgenic lines expressing ProSGR1::SGR1 from Solanum pennellii also failed to convert purple-flesh into red-flesh fruits. This work uncovers a novel regulatory mechanism by which SlMYB12, SlPSY1, and SlSGR1 control fruit color in cultivated and some wild tomato species.
The Language Games of Canon Law: Strategic Ambiguity Between Law and Religion
Authors: Hahn Judith 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The continental tradition of modern positive law, with its attempt to formulate clear legal rules, tends to be suspicious of ambiguity and struggles with the productive power of the untranslatable. Opaque kernels that inevitably remain in laws seem risky and call for disambiguation—through legislation, the courts, or administration. Yet despite this struggle against ambiguity, laws, as texts made of language, not only remain essentially ambiguous, but often require ambiguity when regulating for plural groups. In global legal orders, such as Roman Catholic canon law, we can observe that ambiguity is used strategically to allow for the inclusion of plural legal cultures. Adding to this, canon law fosters its opaqueness by meandering between secular and religious language games, thus playing with the semantic surplus of religion for the sake of cultivating ambiguity. This ambiguity management is itself ambiguous. It is inclusive, allowing plural communities to exist under the roof of Catholicism, but it is also open to the authorities’ arbitrary decisions undermining legal certainty as a core value of modern law.
Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicle Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis, A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies
Authors: Barabadi Mehri , Paton Madison C B , Kumar Naveen , Lim Rebecca , Payne Natalie L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds promise for multiple sclerosis (MS), with efficacy of different stem cell types reported across a range of preclinical MS animal models. While stem cell therapy has been approved for a small number of diseases in humans, extracellular vesicles (EVs) may provide an efficacious, cost-effective, and safer alternative to stem cell therapy. To this end, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of stem cell-derived secretome (EV and conditioned media (CM)) in animal models of MS. The data were extracted to calculate standardized mean differences for primary outcome measure of disease severity, using a random effect model. Additionally, several subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the impact of various study variables such as stem cell type and source, stem cell modification, route and time of administration, number of animals and animal’s age, and EV isolation methods on secondary outcome. Publication quality and risk of bias were assessed. Overall, 19 preclinical studies were included in the meta-analysis where stem cell EV/CM was found to significantly reduce disease severity in EV-treated (SMD = 2, 95% CI: 1.18-2.83, P &lt; .00001) and CM-treated animals (SMD = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.34-3.83, P &lt; .00001) compared with controls. Our analysis indicated that stem cell secretome has a positive effect on reducing demyelination, systemic neuroinflammation, and disease severity in preclinical models of MS. These findings indicate a potential therapeutic effect that merits investigation and validation in clinical settings.
Effective Control of Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Canola Plants Through Application of Exogenous Hairpin RNA of Multiple Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Genes
Authors: Azizi Abdolbaset , del Río Mendoza Luis E. 
Published: March 2024

Sclerotinia stem rot is a globally destructive plant disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Current management of Sclerotinia stem rot primarily relies on chemical fungicides and crop rotation, raising environmental concerns. In this study, we developed an eco-friendly RNA bio-fungicide targeting S. sclerotiorum. Six S. sclerotiorum genes were selected for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) synthesis. Four genes, a chitin-binding domain, mitogen-activated protein kinase, oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase, and abhydrolase-3, were combined to express hairpin RNA in Escherichia coli HT115. The effect of application of total RNA extracted from E. coli HT115 expressing hairpin RNA on disease progressive and necrosis lesions was evaluated. Gene expression analysis using real-time PCR showed silencing of the target genes using 5 ng/µl of dsRNA in a fungal liquid culture. A detached leaf assay and greenhouse application of dsRNA on canola stem and leaves showed variation in the reduction of necrosis symptoms by dsRNA of different genes, with abhydrolase-3 being the most effective. The dsRNA from a combination of four genes reduced disease severity significantly ( P = 0.01). Plants sprayed with hairpin RNA from four genes had lesions that were almost 30% smaller than those of plants treated with abhydrolase-3 alone, in lab and greenhouse assays. The results of this study highlight the potential of RNA interference to manage diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum; however, additional research is necessary to optimize its efficacy.
Comparison of Analgesic Effects of Continuous Femoral Nerve Block, Femoral Triangle Block and Adductor Block After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tan Minghe , Chen Bozhou , Li Qingshu , Wang Siqi , Chen Daiyu , Zhao Maoji , Cao Jun 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
This study aimed to compare the analgesic effects of continuous femoral nerve block (FNB), femoral triangle block (FTB), and adductor canal block (ACB) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The goal was to identify the most effective nerve block technique among these three.

Methods:
Patients undergoing TKA were randomly assigned to one of three groups: FNB, FTB, or ACB. Nerve blocks were administered preoperatively, with catheters placed for patient-controlled nerve analgesia (PCNA). The primary endpoint was the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score at movement at 24 hours post-surgery. Secondary endpoints included NRS scores at rest and movement, quadriceps strength, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test performance, range of motion (ROM), effective PCNA utilization, and opioid consumption at various post-surgery time points.

Results:
Of the 94 valid datasets analyzed (FNB: 31, FTB: 31, ACB: 32), significant differences were observed in the primary endpoint (H=7.003, P=0.03). Post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction showed that the FNB group had a significantly lower median pain score (3 [2-4]) compared to the ACB group (4 [3-5], Bonferroni-adjusted P=0.03). Regarding secondary endpoints, both the FNB and FTB groups had lower NRS scores than the ACB group at various time points after surgery. Quadriceps strength and TUG completion were better in the FTB and ACB groups. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups for the other endpoints.

Discussion:
Continuous FTB provides postoperative analgesia comparable to FNB, but with the advantage of significantly less impact on quadriceps muscle strength, a benefit not seen with FNB. Both FTB and ACB are effective in preserving quadriceps strength postoperatively.
Effects of Web-Assisted Education on Nursing Students’ Pressure Injury Knowledge Levels
Authors: Efteli Elçin , Çömez Saadet 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
To investigate the effect of web-assisted education on the pressure injury knowledge levels of nursing students.

Methods
The study was conducted with 106 first-year students in the Nursing Department. Those who received both web-assisted education and conventional education were assigned to the experimental group, and those who received only conventional education were assigned to the control group. The authors used arithmetic mean, percentages, Student t test, and χ
2 test to analyze the data.

Results
The rate of the correct responses given to the questions by the students was 97.55% in the experimental group and 85.15% in the control group. The comparison of the mean number of correct answers revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions
The authors conclude that the web-supported education given to nursing students in addition to the conventional education positively contributed to their learning level.
Mechanical and Architectural Changes in Animal Bone Following Fast Neutron Irradiation
Authors: Galiano Eduardo , Liu Jinlu , Ren Beide , Xu Penghao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Damage to healthy bone following exposure to ionizing radiation has been well documented for at least seven decades. Among the reported effects are a transient increase in stiffness and a reduction in breaking strength. These changes have been linked to a decrease in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, inducing cell cycle arrest, reducing collagen production, and increasing sensitivity to apoptotic agents. In this work, we analyzed some mechanical and structural changes in compact costal bovine bone (Hereford breed, n = 9) subjected to escalating doses of fast neutrons from a 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction. The mean neutron energy was 233 keV with calculated absorbed doses ranging from 0 to 4.05 ± 10% Gy. Samples were subjected to Young’s Modulus (YM) and breaking strength testing with a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). We found an increase in Young’s Modulus and a decrease in breaking strength as functions of increasing dose equivalent. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed trabecular displacement into compact bone in an irradiated sample (D = 4.05 ± 10% Gy), with breaching of the endosteal wall. OCT further revealed a “crack-like” structure across the irradiated sample, potentially consistent with damage from a proton track resulting from an elastic (n,p) reaction. No previous report has been found on mechanical changes in large mammalian bones following fast neutron doses, nor of the OCT imaging of such samples.
Iris Cerclage To Treat Persistent Mydriasis Following Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma Improves Visual Quality
Authors: Wang Xianhuai , Li Tianhui , Guo Xinyu , Feng Qing , Sun Xincheng 
Published: March 2024

Précis:
We developed a modified iris cerclage technique that improves best corrected visual acuity, pupillary parameters, self-assessed photophobia, and visual function index-14 questionnaire scores in patients with acute primary angle closure and permanent mydriasis after cataract surgery.

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of a modified iris cerclage technique in patients with acute primary angle closure (PAC) and permanent mydriasis after cataract surgery.

Patients and Methods:
Twelve eyes of 12 patients with acute PAC and permanent mydriasis at more than 3 months after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation underwent modified iris cerclage. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil diameter, and visual function index-14 (VF-14) questionnaire and self-assessed photophobia scores before surgery and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively were compared. Further, the postoperative pupil position morphology and complications were evaluated.

Results:
BCVA improved from 0.48±0.23 preoperatively to 0.28±0.15, 0.27±0.15, and 0.26±0.14 at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively, respectively (P=0.008). No significant difference was observed between the preoperative and postoperative IOP (P=0.974). Pupil diameter improved from 6.34±0.51 mm preoperatively to 3.59±0.33, 3.59±0.34, and 3.58±0.32 mm at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively, respectively (P<0.001). Self-assessed photophobia scores improved from 3.33±0.78 preoperatively to 0.83±0.72, 0.51±0.15, and 0.45±0.14 at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively, respectively (P<0.001). VF-14 scores improved from 47.6±6.1 points preoperatively to 67.9±6.2, 72.1±6.1, and 73.5±6.0 points at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively, respectively (P<0.001). Postoperatively, all pupils were centered and round. No postoperative complications, such as iris-suture slippage, iridodialysis, or exposure of the IOL’s optical zone edge, were observed.

Conclusion:
Modified iris cerclage creates a centered, precisely sized, round pupil. It improves visual quality in patients with acute PAC and permanent mydriasis after cataract surgery.
Skin Cancer: Back to Basics, Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Lippincott Trevor 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma occurring when T-cell lymphocytes become malignant and proliferate as well as manifest in the skin. Most commonly, the disease affects the elderly population but has been seen in all ages. Presentations of MF include erythematous patches and plaques with fine scale anatomically favoring the buttocks, trunk, and extremities with complaints of significant pruritus. MF can mimic other benign inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. Skin biopsy of the rash for simple histology and immunophenotyping will aid in the differentiation from other diseases and confirm accurate diagnosis. Repeat biopsy is often required. A wide range of treatment options exist based on the extent of the disease and patient compliance. The prognosis is good with early detection and treatment. No cure currently exists for the disease, but a deeper understanding of triggers can guide prevention techniques and help develop targeted treatment modalities.
The Importance of Three-Dimensional Total Body Photography and the Role of the Dermatology Nurse in the Prevention of Melanoma in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Foster Theresa 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional total body photography is a recent advance in melanoma early detection that can aid clinicians in monitoring and identifying new and changing skin lesions over time. It is a beneficial screening tool for high-risk patients to have a history of melanoma or dysplastic nevi. According to the American Cancer Society, melanoma cases are increasing each year. Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers in the United States and is the fifth most common cancer cause in both men and women. Prompt diagnosis is critical to reducing the morbidity and mortality caused by melanoma. Survival outcomes worsen with increasing tumor thickness, and thicker melanomas require more invasive and intensive treatment. However, if detected early, the 10-year survival rate of patients with thin melanomas is almost 98%, compared with as low as 48% in thick melanomas. Three-dimensional total body photography along with education provided by dermatology nurses on how this system aids in the identification of new and changing nevi is vital in the prevention of melanoma. As a Dermatology nurse, one of the most crucial roles is educating patients with evidence-based knowledge. This includes following a distinct schedule of follow up appointments to monitor moles, using sunscreen, avoiding excessive sun exposure, encouraging self-skin examinations, and ensuring patients maintain their follow-up appointments. These measures can help to prevent Melanoma.
What's Old Is New Again
Authors: Davis Kyleen E. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
In recent years, multiple novel and improved therapies have become available to treat alopecia disorders. Whereas many therapeutics are entirely new, some medications, such as oral minoxidil, have been available for years and are just now being revisited as potentially valuable hair loss treatments. This article discusses the risks, benefits, and potential side effects of the off-label use of low-dose oral minoxidil. It compares low-dose oral minoxidil with topical minoxidil, a well-established and FDA-approved treatment for androgenetic alopecia, but one that is often associated with poor overall adherence. Finally, nursing considerations in the education and care of patients with alopecia disorders and associated medications are discussed.
Effect of needles distance of arteriovenous fistula cannulation on hemodialysis adequacy based on KT/V: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Karkhah Samad , Pourshaikhian Majid , Maroufizadeh Saman , Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Aghajanzadeh Pegah , Osuji Joseph , Moghadamnia Mohammad Taghi 
Published: March 2024

Background:
This study aims to assess the effect of needle distance of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) cannulation on haemodialysis adequacy based on KT/V.

Materials and methods:
This study was a parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups with 3 and 6 cm needle distances using block randomization. Data acquisition transpired through a comprehensive checklist encompassing demographic variables such as age and sex, alongside clinical metrics comprising actual weight, dry weight, average dialysis duration, fistula longevity, and KT/V rate.

Results:
A total of 42 haemodialysis patients were enroled in this investigation, with 21 allocated to the 3 cm needle distance group and another 21 to the 6 cm needle distance group. The mean post-haemodialysis KT/V values for the 3 cm and 6 cm needle distance groups were 1.25 (SD=0.25) and 1.42 (SD=0.24), respectively, demonstrating a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). While there was no significant difference in the average pre-haemodialysis and post-haemodialysis KT/V values within the 3 cm needle distance group (t=1.93, P=0.068), the corresponding values for the 6 cm needle distance group exhibited a notable discrepancy (t=9.66, P<0.001).

Conclusion:
In general, a needle distance of 6 cm between arteriovenous points yielded superior enhancements in dialysis adequacy compared to a 3 cm needle distance following haemodialysis. Consequently, health administrators and policymakers may consider instituting efficacious interventions to scrutinize the care and therapeutic protocols for haemodialysis patients, involving the development of policies and applications.
A challenging diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis in a child with congenital insensitivity to pain: a case report
Authors: Kamil Hazem , Alassri Riffa , Albelal Douaa , Alassri Abu Baker , Martini Nafiza , Mahmod Jaber 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) is a rare condition where individuals are born with an inability to perceive pain. This can lead to various complications in the skin, skeletal system, and other bodily systems. Chronic osteomyelitis is one of the possible manifestations of CIP, which can be difficult to diagnose and treat due to the lack of pain as a diagnostic criterion.

Presentation:
A 5-year-old boy with CIP developed chronic osteomyelitis in his right leg, presented with fever, claudication, swelling, and local heat for 2 months. He had a history of CIP since birth, diagnosed at 18 months of age. He also had a family history of CIP. He had previously suffered a shoulder fracture and had taken asthma medication for 1 year. He had experienced tonsillitis 2 months ago. On examination, he had hepatomegaly, enlarged lymph nodes in the groin, and a minor swelling on the right knee. He had an audible snapping sound during knee flexion. Blood tests showed increased inflammatory markers. Imaging studies confirmed presence of osteomyelitis, and bone biopsy revealed infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment included vancomycin and cefotaxime.

Clinical discussion:
Genetic factors behind CIP were discussed, highlighting challenges in diagnosis. Manifestations of CIP, diverse and age-related, include orthopaedic issues, ophthalmological effects, and thermoregulation disturbances. The patient’s case is presented with unique features, necessitating a comprehensive diagnostic approach.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the challenges faced in diagnosing osteomyelitis among CIP patients and emphasizes the need for other diagnostic criteria apart from pain.