bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive treatment of intrauterine device‐induced menstrual blood loss with tranexamic acid in Chinese women
Authors: LIN X. , GAO E.S. , LI D. , ZHANG M. , DOU L.X. , YUAN W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectives. To investigate whether tranexamic acid (Transamin®) therapy reduces the amount of menstrual blood loss (MBL) and occurrence of menorrhagia after intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. Methods. Some 175 Chinese women attending for IUD insertion were equally assigned into 2 Transamin® groups (1,000 and 500 mg, twice daily) and a placebo group. Their MBL was recorded with a pictorial chart in 3 subsequent menstrual cycles after insertion, while the MBL of 64 patients, collecting used sanitary towels, was also measured by an alkaline hematin method. Results. A significant decline in post‐insertion MBL and occurrence of menorrhagia was found in the 2 Transamin® groups compared with the placebo group (p<0.05), whereas the difference in the results from the pictorial chart score was not statistically significant between the 1 g group and placebo group. Conclusion. Transamin® treatment with a generally recommended dosage can effectively reduce the amount of IUD‐induced MBL and prevent menorrhagia in Chinese women. A lower dosage than recommended (50% of recommended dosage) may have a similar preventive effect.
Angiotensin II Is a Critical Mediator of Prazosin‐Induced Angiogenesis in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Petersen Matthew C. , Greene Andrew S. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a high‐salt diet modulates physiological angiogenesis in skeletal muscle by altering angiotensin II (ANGII) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels.Methods: Sprague‐Dawley rats were placed on a control diet (0.4% NaCl by weight) or high‐salt diet (4.0% NaCl) prior to treatment with the vasodilator prazosin in the drinking water. In addition, a group of animals fed high salt were infused intravenously with ANGII at a low dose to prevent ANGII suppression by high salt, and a group of rats fed control diet were treated with the angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptor blocker losartan and prazosin.Results: Prazosin induced significant angiogenesis in the tibialis anterior muscle after 1 week of treatment. High‐salt‐fed rats demonstrated a complete inhibition of this angiogenic response. Maintenance of ANGII levels restored prazosin‐induced angiogenesis in animals fed a high‐salt diet. In addition, losartan treatment blocked prazosin‐induced angiogenesis in animals on a control diet. Western blot analysis indicated that prazosin‐induced angiogenesis was independent of changes in muscle levels of VEGF.Conclusions: This study demonstrates an inhibitory effect of high salt intake on prazosin‐induced angiogenesis. Further, these results indicate that ANGII acting through the AT1 receptor is a critical pathway in this model of angiogenesis.
Epidural infusions for nulliparous women in labour
Authors: RUSSELL R. , REYNOLDS F. 
Published: August 2007

SummarySixty nulliparous women received epidural infusions in labour of 0.0625% bupivacaine containing either 2.5 μg.ml−1 of fentanyl or 0.25 μg.ml−1 of sufentanil, each starting at 12 ml.h−1. The duration of each stage of labour did not differ significantly between the groups nor did the mode of delivery. The quality of analgesia in the first and second stages of labour and at delivery was similar in the two groups and there were no significant differences in the bupivacaine dose requirements. In the fentanyl group, 90% of women required one or no top‐ups compared with 87% in the sufentanil group. Five women in the fentanyl group and four in the sufentanil group developed motor blockade, limited to movement of the hip only. Six women (20%) in each group reported pruritus. There were no significant differences in Apgar scores, umbilical cord blood pH levels or neurologic and Actaptive capacity scores at 2 or 24 h. Satisfaction with first and second stage analgesia was high with no differences between the groups. There were no significant differences in the incidence of postnatal symptoms with 52% of women reporting perineal pain and 45% localised backache.
Effect of voluntary tetanus on recovery of vecuronium block in the isolated forearm
Authors: GOPINATH S. , HOOD J. R. , UL‐HAQ M. , CAMPKIN N. T. , FELDMAN S. A. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of voluntary tetanus on the recovery from neuromuscular block produced by a nondepolarising drug, vecuronium, in the isolated forearm. We have studied the recovery indices and train of four fade at different levels of recovery following vecuronium in both isolated forearms simultaneously, in six sets of experiments. In one hand the volunteer performed a maximum contraction of his thumb repeatedly at fixed intervals. We found that following voluntary tetanus there is an increased rate of recovery from nondepolarising neuromuscular block; mean Recovery Index (7.4, SD 0.97) compared to control Recovery Index (10.55, SD 2.58), p < 0.05. The train‐of‐four fade also showed a sustained reduction in the isolated forearm which underwent voluntary tetanus. During the later phase of recovery the train‐of‐four fade showed significant difference statistically (p < 0.01). The findings of this study supports the hypothesis that more rapid recovery associated with voluntary tetanus is due to a reduction in the presynaptic block thus resulting in an increased rate of transmitter release.
The use of rocuronium (ORG 9426) in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: KHUENL‐BRADY K. S. , POMAROLI A. , PüHRINGER F. , MITTERSCHIFFTHALER G. , KOLLER J. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe pharmacodynamics of an initial dose of 0.6 mg.kg−1 rocuronium followed by three maintenance doses of 0.15 mg.kg−1 were studied during nitrous oxide/oxygen/isoflurane anaesthesia in patients with normal renal function (n = 12) and chronic renal failure (n = 12). The mean (SD) duration (min) of block after the initial dose was 28.0 (5.5) and 25.6 (11.7) respectively. The mean (SD) duration (min) of the effect of the three maintenance doses was 15.3 (4.0) and 14.2 (7.0); 17.3 (3.2) and 17.4 (8.7); 18.1 (2.8) and 19.1 (10.1) for the normal and renal failure patients respectively. The induced and spontaneous recovery indices were 3.7 (0.7) and 17.1 (6.9) in the normal group compared with 3.9 (0.5) and 19.0 (12.5) in the renal failure group and these values did not differ between the two groups. In this small study rocuronium appears to be suitable for patients with chronic renal failure. There is no evidence of prolonged block even when the drug is given in repeated doses for maintenance.
Accuracy of a computer‐based anaesthetic audit system
Authors: LILLYWHITE N. , WARD P. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe accuracy of an anaesthetic computer‐based audit system was assessed. In a retrospective survey of operations performed 4 months previously only 50% of the patients' notes could be found, and 40% of these notes did not contain an anaesthetic chart. A prospective survey was also performed. The accuracy with which the computer output reflected the anaesthetic technique was found to be 52% in the retrospective survey and 33% in the prospective survey. The authors conclude that audit systems should be audited before their generated data are used for decision‐making.
Acceleration of ventricular tachycardia following propofol in a patient with heterotopic cardiac transplant
Authors: JAYAMAHA J. E. L. , DOWDLE J. R. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryA 52‐year‐old Caucasian male underwent heterotopic cardiac transplant and subsequently developed a ventricular tachycardia in his native heart. The arrhythmia was successfully treated by cardioversion, despite an increased rate associated with induction of anaesthesia with propofol. The method of synchronised cardioversion is described and a possible hypothesis for the acceleration of ventricular tachycardia following induction is discussed.
The performance of two intensive care humidifiers at high gas flows
Authors: HARRISON D. A. , BREEN D. P. , HARRIS N. D. , GERRISH S. P. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryHigh continuous flow breathing systems are now available to provide fresh gas flows well in excess of 100 l.min−1 in continuous positive airway pressure systems used for respiratory support. The performance of two commonly used intensive care humidifiers, the Kendal Conchatherm and the Fisher and Paykel FP310 have been assessed at flows of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 l.min −1. Their performance when using two humidifiers connected in parallel and in series was also studied. At afresh gas flow of 100 l.min−1 the single Conchatherm gave an absolute water vapour concentration of 15.6 g.m−3 and the single FP310 11.9 g.m−3. At all flows the best results were achieved using two Conchatherm humidifiers in series. It is concluded that with high continuous flow breathing systems the humidification achieved with conventional humidifiers may be inadequate and it may be necessary to combine two humidifiers to obtain clinically useful humidification.
Nitrogen leaching and herbage production on intensively managed grass and grass‐clover pastures on sandy soil in Finland
Authors: Saarijärvi K. , Virkajärvi P. , Heinonen‐Tanski H. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe main aim of this study was to compare the N leaching from grass fertilized with 220 kg N ha−1 and grass‐clover pastures receiving no fertilization during three grazing years and a renewal year, in a 4‐year ley rotation. The other aim was to compare the herbage and milk production of these pastures. The study was conducted on a lysimeter field; five lysimeters (size 10 × 10 m) were assigned to each treatment. Automated drinking water outlets for the cows were located on one of the lysimeters on each treatment. The amount of leachate was recorded and composite samples were analysed for total N, NO3‐N, NH4‐N and soluble organic N (SON). The number of grazing cows was adjusted according to the herbage mass production. The amount of milk was measured. The total input of N to the area was 290 and 215 kg N ha−1 year−1 for grass and grass‐clover treatments, respectively. The total N leaching during grazing years was 17 and 9 kg N ha−1 from grass and grass‐clover treatments, respectively. Renewal of the sward increased N leaching in both treatments, up to 60 and 40 kg total N ha−1 in grass and grass‐clover treatments, respectively. During the grazing years 96% of the leached N was in the form of NO3‐N, but during the renewal year the proportion of NO3‐N was lowered to 89% and the rest was in the form of SON. The total amount of N in the surface runoff was 3–5 kg ha−1 year−1. As high N fertilizer rates per application are a common practice in Finland, short‐term grass‐clover pastures can be considered environmentally beneficial when compared with intensively fertilized grass pastures in comparable circumstances.
Local expansion and selection of soil bacteria in a glacier forefield
Authors: Hämmerli A. , Waldhuber S. , Miniaci C. , Zeyer J. , Bunge M. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryIn the environment of Alpine glacier forefields, bacteria represent the functional link between initial soil development and secondary colonization. An important question is whether soil bacteria are adapted to the poor nutrient availability in this environment and whether selection processes significantly limit their local expansion along the gradients of chemical and biological factors. To address these questions, we used a two‐dimensional sampling strategy at our study site, the Damma glacier forefield, Switzerland, to characterize the soil environment by selected biogeochemical parameters. Our results revealed two contrasting sites that differed in time since deglaciation (‘young’ and ‘old’ soil, ≤ 13 years and > 53 years of ice‐free conditions) and vegetation cover (threefold increase), but also showed significant differences in soil properties thought to be relevant for the successional development of glacier forefield soils, such as pH (0.5‐fold decrease), ammonium (0.5‐fold decrease) concentration, and the content of total organic carbon (10‐fold increase). Isolated strains, affiliated to the genus Pseudomonas, according to their 16S rDNA profile, were tested experimentally for local adaptation by a reciprocal transfer experiment. The bacteria from both young and old soils showed a significant interaction with their local environment; the direction of the interaction, however, did not follow the expected pattern of local adaptation. The significant genoype‐with‐environment interaction indicates a limited local expansion of soil bacteria in the Damma glacier forefield over the range of only 110 m. The lack of local adaptation could be explained by environmental constraints such as exclusion of competition, different migration behaviour of bacteria from young and old soil, or the ability of early colonizing bacteria to survive under the glacier ice.
Highly similar piggyBac transposase‐like sequences from various Bactrocera (Diptera, Tephritidae) species
Authors: Bonizzoni M. , Gomulski L. M. , Malacrida A. R. , Capy P. , Gasperi G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe piggyBac transposable element is currently the vector of choice for transgenesis, enhancer trapping, gene discovery and gene function determination in both insects and mammals. However, the recent discovery of sequences with similarity to piggyBac in a wide diversity of organisms suggests that piggyBac may be horizontally transferred to distantly related species. This has raised concern on the wide‐range application of piggyBac‐based transformation vectors and their stability. In this paper, the presence of sequences homologous to the piggyBac transposase was investigated in 17 species belonging to six genera within the Tephritidae family, including many pest species for which transformation has already been achieved. piggyBac‐like sequences, with a high degree of similarity to the original Trichoplusia ni transposase sequence were identified only in six species of the Bactrocera genus.
Evaluation of formocresol versus ferric sulphate primary molar pulpotomy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Peng L. , Ye L. , Guo X. , Tan H. , Zhou X. , Wang C. , Li R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim  To present a systematic review of the effects of formocresol and ferric sulphate when used as medicaments in pulpotomized primary molar teeth.Methodology  The study list was obtained by using MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and SCI search. Only those papers which met the inclusion criteria were accepted. The quality of studies used for meta‐analysis was assessed by a series of validity criteria according to Jadad's scale. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed.Results  Eleven clinical studies comprising four randomized‐clinical trials (RCTs), four controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and three retrospective studies were included. The results of the meta‐analysis of six prospective clinical trials suggested that the two popular pulpotomy medicaments were not significantly different in terms of clinical outcomes, radiographic findings, prevalence of apical and furcal destruction, internal root resorption or pulp canal obliteration. The relative risk (RR) value and 95% CI for those parameters were 0.72 (0.43–1.23), 0.87 (0.59–1.30), 0.67 (0.27–1.66), 1.77 (0.56–5.58) and 1.41 (0.63–3.15), respectively. The overall clinical and radiographic success rates based on the data of treatments with ferric sulphate from the 11 studies included ranged from 78% to 100% (mean 91.6 ± 8.15%) and from 42% to 97% (mean 73.5 ± 18.40%), respectively.Conclusions  In primary molar teeth with exposure of vital pulps by caries or trauma, pulpotomies performed with either formocresol or ferric sulphate have similar clinical and radiographic success. Ferric sulphate may be recommended as a suitable replacement for formocresol.
Live my work: rural nurses and their multiple perspectives of self
Authors: Mills Jane , Francis Karen , Bonner Ann 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTitle.  Live my work: rural nurses and their multiple perspectives of self Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to explore rural nurses’ experiences of mentoring.Background.  Mentoring has recently been proposed by governments, advocates and academics as a solution to the problem for retaining rural nurses in the Australian workforce. Action in the form of mentor development workshops has changed the way that some rural nurses now construct supportive relationships as mentoring.Method.  A grounded theory design was used with nine rural nurses. Eleven semi‐structured interviews were conducted in various states of Australia during 2004–2005. Situational analysis mapping techniques and frame analysis were used in combination with concurrent data generation and analysis and theoretical sampling.Findings.  Experienced rural nurses cultivate novices through supportive mentoring relationships. The impetus for such relationships comes from their own histories of living and working in the same community, and this was termed ‘live my work’. Rural nurses use multiple perspectives of self in order to manage their interactions with others in their roles as community members, consumers of healthcare services and nurses. Personal strategies adapted to local context constitute the skills that experienced rural nurses pass‐on to neophyte rural nurses through mentoring, while at the same time protecting them through troubleshooting and translating local cultural norms.Conclusion.  Living and working in the same community creates a set of complex challenges for novice rural nurses that are better faced with a mentor in place. Thus, mentoring has become an integral part of experienced rural nurses’ practice to promote staff retention.
How military nurses rationalize their postoperative pain assessment decisions
Authors: Harper Phil , Ersser Steven , Gobbi Mary 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTitle.  How military nurses rationalize their postoperative pain assessment decisions Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to explore how military nurses rationalize their postoperative pain assessment decisions, particularly when these differ from patients’ pain self‐reports.Background.  Postoperative pain is a complex phenomenon influenced by many factors that make assessment difficult. Nurses are taught to believe what patients say about their pain. However, their attitudes to pain are influenced by their cultural background and they may disagree with patients’ self‐reports. Military nurses belong to a military culture with different pain attitudes that may also influence their postoperative pain assessment.Method.  An ethnomethodological ethnography study was carried out in 2003. A purposive sample of 29 British military surgical/orthopaedic Registered Nurses were interviewed to identify their taken‐for‐granted assumptions and commonsense cultural knowledge surrounding postoperative pain assessment. The data were analysed using a systematic process of inductive reasoning aided by Non‐numerical, Unstructured Data for Indexing, Searching and Theorizing (qsr n6, nud*ist).Findings.  Participants told two distinct stories in their postoperative pain narratives. The first, the cultural story, described how military nurses normally assess postoperative pain and revealed taken‐for‐granted assumptions surrounding this assessment. However, when military nurses believe that patients over‐ or under‐report their pain, the cultural story was challenged through a collective story in which nurses used their commonsense knowledge to account for these differences.Conclusion.  Postoperative pain assessment within a military culture is complex, but all nurses need to be aware that their socialization into different nursing cultures may influence their attitudes to postoperative pain assessment.
6S RNA: a regulator of transcription
Authors: Wassarman Karen M. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe past decade has seen an explosion in discovery of small, non‐coding RNAs in all organisms. As functions for many of the small RNAs have been identified, it has become increasingly clear that they are important components in regulating gene expression. A multitude of RNAs target mRNAs for regulation at the level of translation or stability, including the microRNAs in higher eukaryotes and the Hfq binding RNAs in bacteria. Other RNAs regulate transcription, such as murine B2 RNA, mammalian 7SK RNA and the bacterial 6S RNA, which will be the focus of this review. Details of 6S RNA interactions with RNA polymerase, how 6S RNA regulates transcription, and how 6S RNA function contributes to cellular survival are discussed.
Three gene products govern (p)ppGpp production by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Lemos José A. , Lin Vanessa K. , Nascimento Marcelle M. , Abranches Jacqueline , Burne Robert A. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe current dogma implicating RelA as the sole enzyme controlling (p)ppGpp production and degradation in Gram‐positive bacteria does not apply to Streptococcus mutans. We have now identified and characterized two genes, designated as relP and relQ, encoding novel enzymes that are directly involved in (p)ppGpp synthesis. Additionally, relP is co‐transcribed with a two‐component signal transduction system (TCS). Analysis of the (p)ppGpp synthetic capacity of various mutants and the behaviour of strains lacking combinations of the synthetase enzymes have revealed a complex regulon and fundamental differences in the way S. mutans manages alarmone production compared with bacterial paradigms. The functionality of the RelP and RelQ enzymes was further confirmed by demonstrating that expression of relP and relQ restored growth of a (p)ppGpp0Escherichia coli strain in minimal medium, SMG and on medium containing 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole, and by demonstrating (p)ppGpp production in various complemented mutant strains of E. coli and S. mutans. Notably, RelQ, and RelP and the associated TCS, are harboured in some, but not all, pathogenic streptococci and related Gram‐positive organisms, opening a new avenue to explore the variety of strategies employed by human and animal pathogens to survive in adverse conditions that are peculiar to environments in their hosts.
Punctuated genome size evolution in Liliaceae
Authors: LEITCH I. J. , BEAULIEU J. M. , CHEUNG K. , HANSON L. , LYSAK M. A. , FAY M. F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMost angiosperms possess small genomes (mode 1C = 0.6 pg, median 1C = 2.9 pg). Those with truly enormous genomes (i.e. ≥ 35 pg) are phylogenetically restricted to a few families and include Liliaceae – with species possessing some of the largest genomes so far reported for any plant as well as including species with much smaller genomes. To gain insights into when and where genome size expansion took place during the evolution of Liliaceae and the mode and tempo of this change, data for 78 species were superimposed onto a phylogenetic tree and analysed. Results suggest that genome size in Liliaceae followed a punctuated rather than gradual mode of evolution and that most of the diversification evolved recently rather than early in the evolution of the family. We consider that the large genome sizes of Liliaceae may have emerged passively rather than being driven primarily by selection.