bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution pattern of tachykinin NK2 receptors in human colon: Involvement in the regulation of intestinal motility
Authors: Jaafari Nadia , Khomitch‐Baud Alexandra , Christen Marie‐Odile , Julé Yvon 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAlthough a number of pharmacological studies have shown the involvement of tachykinin type 2 receptors (NK2r) in the regulation of human colonic motility, few data are available so far on their pattern of expression. In this study this pattern was investigated in the myenteric plexuses, the longitudinal and circular muscle layers (external muscular layers), and the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) using confocal microscopy immunofluorescence methods. NK2r immunoreactivity (NK2r‐IR) was detected in the soma of myenteric neurons and in nerve varicosities located in myenteric plexuses as well as in external muscular layers. Colocalization analysis of NK2r‐IR and synaptophysin‐IR, showed significant regional differences in the distribution of NK2r‐expressing nerve varicosities, the rate of occurrence was found to be 56.08% ± 3% (mean ± SE) in the external muscular layers and 30.22% ± 1% (mean ± SE) in the myenteric plexuses. NK2r‐IR was found in membranes of most muscle cells previously incubated with a selective NK2r agonist, [β‐Ala8] neurokinin A fragment 4‐10, at 4°C, and then mainly relocated in the cytoplasm when heated to 37°C. A number of NK2r‐IR nerve varicosities were close to NK2r‐expressing neurons and muscle cells. Some of NK2r‐expressing neurons and nerves were tachykinin‐IR. No NK2r‐IR was detected in ICCs. The present data indicate that presynaptic and postsynaptic neuroneuronal and neuromuscular regulatory processes mediated by tachykinins via NK2r may occur for modulating human colonic motility. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:381–391, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethnic identity and preferences among Asian immigrant children in Glasgow: A replicated study
Authors: Jahoda Gustav , Thomson Susan S. , Bhatt Satindra 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe aim of first study, carried out by an English investigator, was to assess the extent to which Asian immigrant children had moved away from the values of their culture of origin. For this purpose some novel techniques were employed, including an identikit task and one focusing on Scottish versus Asian names. The outcome suggested that the children had been very powerfully influenced by the values of the host community. Since it was suspected that these results might have been in part a function of the ethnic membership of the investigator and/or the specific methods employed, the study was repeated on a comparable sample with an Indian psychologist and using modified test materials. The results of the second study remained unchanged as far as factual aspects were concerned; however, preferences expressed changed significantly in the direction of Asian cultural values. The theoretical and methodological implications of these findings are discussed, and it is argued that studies of this type are likely to have an inherent element of uncertainty which calls for caution in making generalizations.
A study of management's view of the motivation of workpeople
Authors: Corlett E. N. , Hodgskin‐Brown J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe analysis of the responses from certain questions in a series of guided interviews suggests that the views of workpeople's motivation held by executives relate more to the size and type of company in which they are employed than to their age, training, education or amount shop floor of contact arising from periods of apprenticeship or of line management experience. The ways in which their view of the motivation of workpeople differs from their own attitudes to work are indicated. In particular, the commonly held dictum that apprenticeship is valuable in creating an understanding of workpeople and their viewpoints does not appear to be supported. The limitations of the study are discussed and future work indicated.
Reduction of cognitive dissonance as a function of magnitude of dissonance, differentiation, and self‐esteem
Authors: Kumpf Martin , Götz‐Marchand Bettina 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the present experiment was to test several hypotheses concerning the interrelationship of dissonance reduction mechanisms in a situation where response possibilities are relatively unconstrained. Engaged female students were invited to take part in a bogus ‚Marriage Expectancy Test' that was supposed to allow predictions of marriage success. One week later, they received fictitious results differing negatively from their initial expectations of marriage success. The reactions measured were ‚conformity with the result' and ‚derogation of source' (confrontation mechanisms), and ‚devaluation of importance of the issue' and ‚under‐recall' (avoidance mechanisms). As predicted, avoidance responses increased steeply with discrepancy, while little increase was found for confrontation mechanisms. Psychological differentiation had no significant effect on dissonance reduction, whereas high vs. low self‐esteem influenced ‚derogation of source' and ‚devaluation of importance of the issue'.
Affiliative behaviour of approach‐ and avoidance‐motivated subjects in fear and anxiety situations
Authors: Paz Ruchama , Amir Yehuda 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examined the effects of fear‐ and anxiety‐inducing situations on affiliative behaviour of approach‐oriented and avoidance‐oriented Ss. Two samples of high school and university students were utilized to examine the following hypotheses: a) In fear situations, affiliative behaviour will increase in both approach‐ and avoidance‐oriented subjects; b) in anxiety situations, affiliative behaviour will increase in approach‐oriented subjects and decrease in avoidance‐oriented ones. The results confirmed the hypotheses for a verbal criterion of affiliative behaviour, and partially for a behaviour criterion.
On the meaning of the notion of conflict and its study in social psychology
Authors: Plon Michel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study is an attempt, based on historical materialism (the science of the history of social formations), to critically analyze the notion of conflict as social psychology has defined it and as social psychology has developed it with models of non‐zero sum games imported from game theory.Whether it concerns the postulate of conflict resolution (which governs this domain of social psychology), or the ideological foundations of the notion of conflict, the structure of a game of the ‘PDG’ type and the imaginary trap it orms, or even the staging which the psycho‐sociologist produces in utilizing this model, it is shown that this whole proceeding is an ideological construction which functions principally as an obstacle to true scientific knowledge of the field it covers — which can be defined as constituted by the relationships between the subjective and the political — and secondly as the raw material for a theory of ideology, which is understood as having the double function of recognition and misappreciation.Both tasks demand intensive theoretical study as part of the development of storical materialism and, from that point of view, this work should be considered only as a preliminary study.
Accentuation and attitude in social judgment
Authors: Upmeyer Arnold , Layer Hans 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn two experiments four sets of both favorable and unfavorable verbal material were classified as belonging to four labels, two specific labels (politicians) and two less specific labels (classes of people). Ss' attitudes towards one of the politicians were more positive than towards the other. Ss stored these stimuli in their memory under casual, incidental instructions. Then Ss retrieved information by deciding which one of two labels was formerly connected to the given verbal items. Ss were expected to accentuate on two orthogonal dependent variables: (1) Discrimination performance between labels; (2) response preference for labels. Discrimination performance was improved for politician labels compared to classes‐of‐people labels but was not affected by the favorableness of the verbal material. However, response preference for one politician label occurred when two conditions were fulfilled: (a) Both the verbal material and Ss' attitudes towards the label were unfavorable, and (b) the content of verbal material was characteristic of the label. The accentuation theories of Bruner‐Goodman and Tajfel were reformulated and integrated into a two‐level model.
Expression of high‐abundance proteins in sera of patients with endometrial and cervical cancers: Analysis using 2‐DE with silver staining and lectin detection methods
Authors: Abdul‐Rahman Puteri S. , Lim Boon‐Kiong , Hashim Onn H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe expression of high‐abundance serum proteins in newly diagnosed patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma (EACa), squamous cell cervical carcinoma (SCCa) and cervical adenocarcinoma (ACCa), relative to control female subjects, was analyzed by subjecting serum samples to 2‐DE followed by image analysis of the silver‐stained protein profiles. The three cohorts of cancer patients demonstrated different altered expression of serum high‐abundance proteins compared to negative control women. The expression of α1‐antitrypsin, α1‐B glycoprotein, cleaved high‐molecular‐weight kininogen (light chain) and antithrombin III were consistently altered in all the patients. However, clusterin was upregulated only in the patients with EACa, while those with SCCa and ACCa were typically characterized by the upregulated expression of zinc α‐2‐glycoprotein. The aberrant expression of selective serum proteins in the various cohorts of cancer patients was validated by competitive ELISA as well as by lectin detection. Analysis by using the champedak galactose binding lectin further highlighted an unidentified protein that may be differently glycosylated in the sera of the EACa patients that were studied.
Photo‐crosslinkable and biodegradable Pluronic/heparin hydrogels for local and sustained delivery of angiogenic growth factor
Authors: Yoon Jun Jin , Chung Hyun Jung , Park Tae Gwan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPhoto‐crosslinkable and biodegradable Pluronic/heparin composite hydrogels were fabricated for local and sustained delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to induce angiogenesis. Terminally di‐acrylated Pluronic F127 and vinyl group conjugated heparin were used as a mixed macromer precursor solution to prepare a photo‐crosslinkable hydrogel. An aqueous solution containing the two macromers with different weight ratios was photo‐crosslinked in the presence of bFGF to produce in situ formed bFGF loaded Pluronic/heparin hydrogels. Swelling, mass erosion, bFGF release characteristics of Pluronic/heparin hydrogels were thoroughly examined by varying the weight ratio of the two macromers. The incorporation of heparin in the composite hydrogel enabled the controlled release of bFGF over a one month period in a near zero order manner. The prolonged release of bFGF could be attributed to the specific interaction between bFGF and heparin in the hydrogel matrices. The released bFGF fraction from the degradable hydrogels also showed sufficient proliferation activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). When the Pluronic/heparin hydrogels were implanted in vivo, a significant extent of neo‐vascularization was observed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Cytocompatible gel formation of chitosan‐glycerol phosphate solutions supplemented with hydroxyl ethyl cellulose is due to the presence of glyoxal
Authors: Hoemann C.D. , Chenite A. , Sun J. , Hurtig M. , Serreqi A. , Lu Z. , Rossomacha E. , Buschmann M.D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTo deliver and retain viable repair cells in a surgically prepared cartilage lesion, we previously developed an adhesive in situ‐gelling cell carrier by suspending cells in a solution of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), which was then mixed with chitosan‐glycerol phosphate to form a chitosan‐GP/HEC gel. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of gelation to maximally control gel time and viability of encapsulated cells. We analyzed the role of osmolality, pH, gelation temperature, gel shrinkage, and HEC. A chitosan‐GP solution at pH 6.8 with cytocompatible osmotic pressure (419 mOsm/kg) was achieved by lowering disodium GP concentration from 370 to 135 mM. This solution was still thermogelling but only at 73°C. We next discovered that glyoxal, a common additive in ether cellulose manufacturing, was responsible for chitosan gelation. Monolayer cells survived and proliferated in up to 1 mM of glyoxal, however only a very narrow range of glyoxal concentration in chitosan‐GP/HEC, 0.1–0.15 mM, permitted gel formation, cell survival, and cell proliferation. Chitosan gels containing HEC required slightly less glyoxal to solidify. Chitosan‐GP/HEC loaded with viable chondrocytes formed an adhesive seal with ex vivo mosaic arthroplasty defects from sheep knee joints. In mosaic arthroplasty defects of live sheep, bleeding occurred beneath part of the hydrogel carrier, and the gel was cleared after 1 month in vivo. These data indicate that chitosan‐GP/HEC is suitable as an adhesive and injectable delivery vehicle for clinical orthopedic applications involving single use treatments that guide acute cartilage repair processes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
An N‐terminal nucleotide‐binding site in VDAC1: Involvement in regulating mitochondrial function
Authors: Yehezkel Galit , Abu‐Hamad Salah , Shoshan‐Barmatz Varda 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn a previous study, we presented evidence for the existence of a nucleotide‐binding site (NBS) in the N‐terminal region of the voltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC1). In this study, further localization and possible roles of the proposed VDAC1‐NBS were investigated using site‐directed mutagenesis. The predicated NBS of murine VDAC1 (mVDAC1) was mutated by replacing two glycine residues with alanines or a conserved lysine residue with a serine. Expression of the G21A,G23A‐ and K20S‐mVDAC1s in human T‐REx‐293 cells in which endogenous VDAC1 expression had been silenced affected cell growth and cytosolic ATP levels. While G21A,G23A‐mVDAC1‐expressing cells displayed growth rates similar to native‐mVDAC1‐expressing cells, the K20S‐mVDAC1‐expressing cells displayed significantly retarded growth and increased resistance to cell death. Cells expressing either mVDAC1 mutant also displayed significantly reduced cellular ATP levels. When K20S‐mutant mVDAC1 was expressed in porin1‐less yeast, the transformed cells grew slower on non‐fermentable carbon sources, while isolated mitochondria expressing either mVDAC1 mutant showed significant reduction in ATP synthesis. Purified K20S‐mVDAC1 displayed a significant decrease in [α‐32P]BzATP‐binding and altered channel properties, that is, reduced ion selectivity, while the G21A,G23A‐mutant protein displayed only a mild reduction in channel selectivity. These results suggest that mutations in the proposed VDAC1‐NBS, particularly the K20S, altered channel activity, thereby interfering with VDAC function as the major pathway for the transport of metabolites and adenine nucleotides across the outer mitochondrial membrane. Finally, involvement of the VDAC1‐NBS in the control of mitochondrial ATP synthesis, cell growth and viability is discussed. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 551–561, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tyrosine‐phosphorylated STAT5 accumulates on podosomes in Hck‐transformed fibroblasts and chronic myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Poincloux Renaud , Cougoule Céline , Daubon Thomas , Maridonneau‐Parini Isabelle , Le Cabec Véronique 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the transforming activity of Bcr/Abl involves constitutive activation of the phagocyte specific Src‐family tyrosine kinase Hck, which in turn directly activates the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5). The effect of Hck on STAT5 was first explored independently of Bcr/Abl by expressing the constitutively active Hck mutant (Hckca) in MEF3T3‐TetOff fibroblasts. As previously reported, Hckca‐expressing cells form podosomes which are actin‐rich structures involved in trans‐tissular cell migration and found in the few cell types able to cross anatomic boundaries. We demonstrated that in these cells, the tyrosine‐phosphorylated form of STAT5 (PY‐STAT5) increased and preferentially localized on podosomes together with Hck, instead of translocating to the nucleus as observed with conventional stimuli such as IFNγ. To examine whether similar results were obtained in the presence of Bcr/Abl, the CML cell line K562 was used. We observed that (i) podosomal structures are present in these cells in contrast to Bcr/Abl‐negative leukemic cells, (ii) podosome formation was inhibited by Bcr/Abl‐ and Src‐kinase inhibitors, and (iii) PY‐STAT5 mainly colocalized with Hck on these structures. The presence of podosomes was not sufficient to trap STAT5 since in normal macrophages which spontaneously form podosomes and express regulated Hck, PY‐STAT5 is in the nucleus. In conclusion, this is the first report showing that PY‐STAT5 associates to podosomes in a process dependent on constitutive activation of Hck. We propose that STAT5, previously classified as a transcription factor, could play another role outside the nucleus, elicited by the Bcr/Abl‐Hck transforming pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 212–220, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman spectroscopic study on the structure, phase transition and restoration of zirconium tungstate blocks synthesized with a CO2 laser
Authors: Liang E. J. , Wang S. H. , Wu T. A. , Chao M. J. , Yuan B. , Zhang W. F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDensely packed zirconium tungstate blocks were synthesized by rapid solidification with a CO2 laser. The structure and phase transition properties of the samples were studied by Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Raman spectroscopic study reveals that zirconium tungstate solidifies with an orthorhombic structure. This is attributed to the pressure encountered by the samples during rapid solidification. Several Raman bands change discontinuously at about 390 K, indicating a phase transition from the γ‐ to the α‐phase occurring at this temperature. In the β‐phase, most of the Raman modes give rise to negative Grüneisen parameters, suggesting contribution of the corresponding optical phonons to the negative thermal expansion coefficient of the material, at least for the β‐phase. A recovery of the γ‐phase was observed when the samples were cooled to room temperature. This suggests that the cubic structure is metastable only at temperatures above 390 K, and at room temperature the γ‐phase is preferred. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precise measurement of the depolarization ratio from photoacoustic Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Yu Yuanqin , Lin Ke , Zhou Xiaoguo , Wang Hua , Liu Shilin , Ma Xingxiao 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new method for the accurate determination of the Raman depolarization ratio is reported with an improved setup for photoacoustic Raman spectroscopy (PARS). The precise measurement is achieved by measuring the dependence of the acoustic signal intensity on the cross‐angle between the polarizations of two incident laser beams. We demonstrate this sensitive and simple method with several gaseous molecules, such as CH4 and H2. The measured results of depolarization ratios agree well with the theoretical values with an upper error limit of ± 0.005, which is comparable to that with polarization‐resolved CARS spectroscopy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectra, X‐ray and molecular structure of 1H‐ and 3H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine and their methyl derivatives: DFT quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Lorenc J. , Dymińska L. , Talik Z. , Hanuza J. , Mączka M. , Waśkowska A. , Macalik L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMolecular structure, vibrational energy levels and potential energy distribution of 1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine, 3H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine, 5‐methyl‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine, 6‐methyl‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine and 7‐methyl‐3H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine were determined using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level. The optimised bond lengths and bond angles are in good agreement with the X‐ray data of 5‐methyl‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine obtained in the present work (Pbca space group; a = 8.660(2), b = 11.078(2), c = 11.078(3) Å, Z = 8). The N+H group plays the role of a proton donor in a medium strong hydrogen bond of the type NH…N, linking the N‐atom of the pyridine with the adjacent molecule related by the symmetry operation: 1/2 − x, y − 1/2, z(N…N = 2.869(25) Å). The presence of hydrogen bond is confirmed by appearance in the IR spectra of a very broad and strong contour in the 2000–3100 cm−1 range. The place of substitution of the methyl group at the pyridine ring influences the proton position of the NH group at the imidazole unit. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating causal effects from observational data with a model for multiple bias
Authors: Höfler Michael , Lieb Roselind , Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: May 2007

AbstractConventional analyses of observational data may be biased due to confounding, sampling and measurement, and may yield interval estimates that are much too narrow because they do not take into account uncertainty about unknown bias parameters, such as misclassification probabilities. We used a simple, multiple bias adjustment method to estimate the causal effect of social anxiety disorder (SAD) on subsequent depression. A Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis was applied to data from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychiatry (EDSP) study, and bias due to confounding, sampling and measurement was modelled. With conventional logistic regression analysis, the risk for depression was elevated in the presence of SAD only in the older cohort (age 17–24 years at baseline assessment); odds ratio (OR) = 3.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–5.70, adjusted for sex and age. The bias‐adjusted estimate was 2.01 with interval limits of 0.61 and 9.71. Thus, given the data and the bias model used, there was considerably more uncertainty about the real effect, but the probability that SAD increases the risk for subsequent depression (OR > 1) was 88.6% anyway. Multiple bias modelling, if properly used, reveals the necessity for a better understanding of bias, suggesting a need to conduct larger and more adequate validation studies on instruments that are used to diagnose mental disorders. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple and novel method to measure distal sensory nerve conduction of the medial plantar nerve
Authors: Hemmi Shoji , Inoue Ken , Murakami Tatsufumi , Sunada Yoshihide 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA simple and reliable method for recording sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) of the medial plantar nerve is described. Medial plantar SNAPs were recorded by placing surface electrodes on the sole. Ring electrodes were used for orthodromic stimulation at the big toe. Sixty‐four healthy subjects ranging in age from 13 to 81 years were examined to establish normal values. Mean amplitude for the medial plantar SNAP was 4.7 ± 2.8 μV and mean maximum conduction velocity was 43.5 ± 6.4 m/s. The normal values for amplitude obtained for the medial plantar SNAPs were higher than those obtained by the method of Guiloff and Sherratt, and the sensitivity of our method for diagnosis of early sensory neuropathy was relatively higher. The method should therefore be useful in the diagnosis of early sensory neuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2007