bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Cohort Study of Technique and Technology Used to Improve First Time PIVC Insertion Success in Hospitalised Paediatric Patients
Authors: Kleidon Tricia M. , Takashima Mari , Rickard Claire M. , Schults Jessica A. , Bulmer Andrew C. , Ullman Amanda J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAim(s)To determine the association between patient characteristics, techniques, and technologies with first‐time peripheral intravenous catheter insertion in paediatric acute care.DesignSingle‐centre, prospective cohort study.MethodsData on patient, provider, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion characteristics were collected at a large quaternary paediatric hospital in Queensland, Australia. Inpatients aged 0 to ≤ 18 years requiring a peripheral intravenous catheter or who had one inserted in the last 24 h, were eligible. Proportionate stratified random sampling was used. Generalised linear regression with modified Poisson regression assessed associations between patient variables (e.g., age) and first‐time insertion success, along with technique (e.g., inserting clinician) and technology (e.g., ultrasound) variables. Models were adjusted for confounding variables identified through direct acyclic graphs.Results199 children required 250 peripheral intravenous catheters (July 2022–September 2023). In the adjusted model, each year of age increase and every 5‐kg increase in weight were associated with higher first‐time insertion success. Children with a history of prematurity had an increased risk of first‐time insertion failure. Vascular access specialists were more likely to succeed on the first attempt, as was ultrasound‐guidance when adjusted for difficult intravenous access risk.ConclusionWe identified techniques (expert clinicians) and technologies (ultrasound guidance) that improve first‐time insertion success in paediatric patients.ImplicationsA multi‐faceted approach combining technique (clinician), technology (ultrasound guidance), and standardised policy can improve first‐time peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. These strategies minimise patient discomfort, trauma, and emotional distress, enhancing the overall healthcare experience for children and their families.ImpactThis study emphasises the need to standardise healthcare policies and training, incorporating clinician expertise and ultrasound guidance to improve first‐time insertion success, particularly for high‐risk patients.Reporting MethodThe Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE).Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.Trial RegistrationAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12622000034730
Assessing the Relationship Between Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Elder Abuse With Caring Behaviours Assessment Among Nurses: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Gharajeh‐Alamdari Nima , Dadashzadeh Fatemeh , Tarbiyat Elham , Hedayati Mahnaz , Saemi Yasna , Mirzaei Alireza 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsThis study aims to explore the relationship between nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding older adult abuse and their caring behaviours, focusing on Iranian nurses.DesignA cross‐sectional exploratory study.MethodsA cross‐sectional correlational design included 250 nurses from medical education centres in Ardabil. A three‐part questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding elder abuse and caregiving. Data were collected from August to October 2024 and analysed using ANOVA, t‐tests, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe study's findings are significant, revealing a moderate level of knowledge among nurses about older adult abuse. There are significant positive correlations between knowledge, attitudes, and caring behaviours, with higher education levels associated with better caring behaviours. However, practice scores did not align with knowledge and attitudes, indicating barriers such as workload and lack of training.ConclusionThe findings reveal a significant link between nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward older adult abuse and their caring behaviours. Positive attitudes are associated with higher Caring Behaviours Assessment scores, suggesting that educational programs should enhance nurses' understanding and empathy toward older adult care. Addressing the identified gaps in knowledge and practice can lead to improved patient outcomes and a more compassionate healthcare environment for older adults. It is crucial to provide continuous training and support to empower nurses to apply their knowledge in practice effectively.ImpactThe study highlights the necessity for regularly occurring targeted educational interventions to enhance nurses' understanding of older adult abuse. Implementing continuous professional development programs for nurses can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce instances of abuse. Healthcare organisations should foster supportive environments that encourage the regular reporting of suspected cases of abuse and ensure that nurses are consistently updated on best practices. Increasing community awareness about elder abuse is crucial for safeguarding vulnerable older adults.Reporting MethodEQUATOR guidelines were followed using the STROBE reporting method.Patient or Public ContributionThis study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting. Only nurses were involved in data collection.
The stickiness of unequal housework sharing: Limited effects of couples' ideological pairings
Authors: Nitsche Natalie , Grunow Daniela , Hudde Ansgar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate how couples' ideological pairings, defined as partners' joint attitudes toward gendered housework responsibilities, influence their division of housework.BackgroundDrawing from gender structure theory and integrating sociological concepts of doing and undoing gender with economic resource theories, this study tested an interactional couple‐level mechanism to predict changes in housework sharing. It was hypothesized that partners' ideological pairings would predict variation in housework sharing and moderate the relationship between changes in partners' relative economic resources and housework sharing.MethodThe sample of 3045 couples (followed for 11,674 couple years) was derived from the German Panel Study of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics. Growth curve models and fixed‐effects panel regression were used to estimate housework‐sharing trajectories based on couples' ideological pairings and to assess whether these pairings moderated the impact of changes in partners' relative earnings on housework sharing.ResultsCouples with joint egalitarian attitudes shared housework most equally, whereas those with joint traditional attitudes shared it most unequally. Couples with mismatched attitudes fell in between. Only joint egalitarian couples adjusted their housework sharing following significant changes in the partners' relative earnings, although the effect sizes were small.ConclusionsIdeological pairings are instrumental in understanding the gendered division of housework and moderate how couples adjust to relative earnings changes. However, gender inequality in housework sharing remains relatively persistent within current gender structures.
Are Transfer Payments Stimulative?—Sometimes
Authors: Ahmed M. Iqbal , Anaman George , Cassou Steven P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the stimulative effects of transfer payments on macroeconomic aggregates using impulse response functions, forecast error variance decompositions, and spending multipliers in state‐dependent time series econometric models. It is shown that under symmetric response assumptions, positive transfer payment impulses lead to positive effects on gross domestic product, personal income and personal consumption. However, when an asymmetry linked to economic conditions is used, it is found that transfer payment effects are asymmetric and have significant positive effects on macroeconomic variables during economic recessions but are not very stimulative during economic expansions. A deeper analysis shows that the stimulus effects during economic recessions results primarily from the recent special programs undertaken during the Great Recession and the COVID‐19 recession. These results indicate that policy which uses transfer payments as economic stimulus for the economy during expansionary economic conditions will not see much benefit. Furthermore, transfer payment policy expansions during recessionary economic conditions do not offer much stimulus except when the programs are unusually large as seen during the Great Recession and the COVID recession. Results for forecast error variance decompositions and spending multipliers reinforce these findings. Transfer payment programs are often motivated by both the benefits to recipients, and the stimulative benefit to the economy. These results show that, outside of the periods where extraordinary transfer payment expansions occur, the economic stimulus effects of transfer payment programs are small and that transfer payments should only be motivated by the benefits to the recipients.
Use of essential versus nonessential fatty acids during flight in monarch butterflies: Implications for the importance of nectaring during migration
Authors: Anparasan Libesha , McNeil Jeremy N. , Hobson Keith A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMany insect species are migratory, but migration is energetically costly, leading to a trade‐off between migration and subsequent reproduction. Of importance to the allocation of resources to migration and reproduction is the relative use of essential and nonessential fatty acids. How different ecological conditions experienced by individuals affect differential allocation of nutrients has not been well explored, especially in insects. Our goal was to evaluate how reproductive (summer) and migratory (fall) rearing conditions affect the source and allocation patterns of fatty acids used during experimental flights (0–6 h) in monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.). We used larval and adult diets manipulated isotopically (δ13C) and chromatographic analyses to determine fatty acid composition and source in the fat body. C4 versus C3 carbohydrate feeding increased the δ13C value of lipids in monarchs (−31.2‰ vs. −22.1‰) and increased total fatty acid concentrations reflecting lipid synthesis during adult feeding. Fuel use during flight differed, with essential fatty acids being more conserved in fall versus summer conditions (21% vs. 32% loss, respectively), indicating that the environmental cues responsible for the onset of migration result in physiological changes that modify lipid use. Frequency of stopovers for nectar and nectar quality available during migration will influence the capacity of monarchs to conserve essential fatty acids up to and through the migration and overwintering period.
How Far has Globalization Gone? A Tale of Two Regions
Authors: Campos Rodolfo G. , Pienknagura Samuel , Timini Jacopo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe study the evolution of trade globalization in Latin America and Asia over the period 1995–2018 and quantify its economic impact. Using structural a gravity estimation, we estimate a proxy of trade globalization that captures the ease of trading internationally with respect to trading domestically. Results indicate similar trade globalization patterns between the two regions, but a great degree of heterogeneity within them. Trade globalization has been particularly strong in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing, but has lagged in services. Next, we quantify the economic implications of the estimated globalization trends. Simulations of a multi‐country four‐sector trade model point to heterogeneous long‐term impacts of globalization on GDP—some countries exhibiting substantial gains and others experiencing large losses—, with no single sector playing a preponderant role.
A game of chutes and ladders: Gender and aspirational resources during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Abromaviciute Jurgita , Carian Emily K. , Mickey Ethel 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCareer aspirations shape career pathways and long‐term outcomes and contribute to gender inequality. We examine how the sudden disruption of structural conditions during the COVID‐19 pandemic differentially affected the career aspirations of working mothers and fathers. We bridge literatures on work–family conflict and gendered career aspirations to consider which job structures and family arrangements served as aspirational resources that supported career goals during this time of uncertainty. Using interview data from 62 matched, different‐gender, dual‐career spouses raising young children, we find that mothers' career aspirations more often contracted or became less accomplishable compared to fathers'. Importantly, we find that job security, standardized career ladders, and access to and decision to use paid childcare functioned as aspirational resources for women: mothers in secure jobs with career ladders and fewer childcare responsibilities could maintain their career plans. In contrast, even fathers in ladderless, insecure jobs could expand their career aspirations in some cases, as they tended to rely on their spouses' (or paid) household labor as an aspirational resource. Our findings demonstrate how gender, job structures, and household arrangements intersect in shaping career aspirations during times of broad social disruption, ultimately advantaging men and disadvantaging women.
Sometimes tame, sometimes wild: Weak continuity
Authors: Sanders Sam 
Published: February 2025

AbstractContinuity is one of the most central notions in mathematics, physics and computer science. An interesting associated topic is decompositions of continuity, where continuity is shown to be equivalent to the combination of two or more weak continuity notions. In this paper, we study the logical properties of basic theorems about weakly continuous functions, like the supremum principle for the unit interval. We establish that most weak continuity notions are as tame as continuity, that is, the supremum principle can be proved from the relatively weak arithmetical comprehension axiom only. By contrast, for seven ‘wild’ weak continuity notions, the associated supremum principle yields rather strong axioms, including Feferman's projection principle, full second‐order arithmetic or Kleene's associated quantifier . Working in Kohlenbach's higher‐order Reverse Mathematics, we also obtain elegant equivalences in various cases and obtain similar results for for example, Riemann integration. We believe these results to be of interest to mainstream mathematics as they cast new light on the distinction of ‘ordinary mathematics’ versus ‘foundations of mathematics/set theory’.
Inhibition of TIGIT on NK cells improves their cytotoxicity and HIV reservoir eradication potential
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Yidi , Chen Jiaqi , Guo Chenxi , Yu Xiaowen , Zhang Zining , Fu Yajing , Han Xiaoxu , Hu Qinghai , Ding Haibo , Shang Hong , Jiang Yongjun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir presents the biggest obstacle to curing HIV chronic infection. Consequently, finding novel strategies to control the HIV reservoir is critical. Natural killer (NK) cells are essential for antiviral immunity. However, the influence of NK cell subsets and their associated inhibitory or activating receptors on their cytotoxicity toward the HIV reservoir has not been fully studied. We investigated the relationship between the percentage of NK cells or NK cell subsets and the HIV reservoir. Our results indicated that the percentage of CD56
−
CD16
+
NK cells was positively associated with HIV reservoir size (i.e., HIV DNA, HIV msRNA, or HIV usRNA). Additionally, we observed that the percentage of IFN-γ
+
NK cells was inversely related to the HIV reservoir. Furthermore, the expression of TIGIT on NK cells, particularly CD56
-
CD16
+
and CD56
dim
NK cell subsets, positively correlated with the HIV reservoir. Notably, individuals with higher percentage of TIGIT
+
NK and lower percentage of CD226
+
NK cells exhibited larger HIV reservoir. Mechanistically, we discovered that TIGIT could inhibit the PI3K-Akt-mTOR-mTORC1 (s6k) signaling pathway to decrease the production of IFN-γ in NK cells. Importantly, inhibiting TIGIT in NK cells enhanced their ability to eliminate reactivated latently infected CD4
+
T cells. Our experiments underscored the crucial role of NK cells in controlling the HIV reservoir and suggested that TIGIT serves as a promising target for enhancing the NK cell-mediated clearance of the HIV reservoir.

IMPORTANCE

As a major barrier to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cure, HIV reservoir persist in viremia-suppressed infected individuals. NK cells are important antiviral cells, and their impact on reservoir has rarely been reported. We analyzed the relationship between the size of reservoir and NK cell subsets, inhibitory receptor TIGIT expression. Our analysis found that the percentage of CD56
−
CD16
+
NK cells was positively associated with HIV reservoir size. Furthermore, TIGIT expression on NK cells and CD56
−
CD16
+
NK cells or CD56
dim
NK cells has a positive correlation with the HIV reservoir. TIGIT can inhibit the PI3K-Akt-mTOR-mTORC1 (s6k) signaling pathway to decrease the production of IFN-γ on NK cells. Blocking TIGIT in NK cells can enhance their ability to eliminate reactivated latently infected CD4
+
T cells. Our study indicated that NK cells are critical to the control of the reservoir size, and TIGIT may be a target for enhancing the NK cell-mediated elimination of the reservoir.
Complete genome sequence of
Parvimonas parva
: first isolate of a human clinical specimen from Japan
Authors: Hayashi Masahiro , Yonetamari Jun , Muto Yoshinori , Tanaka Kaori 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Parvimonas parva
is a bacterium belonging to the
Peptoniphilaceae
family, which was first classified in 2021. Herein, we report the complete genome sequence of
P. parva
(GAI15033) isolated from a clinical sample in Japan. The genome comprises a 1,447,534 bp circular chromosome.
Timing matters in macrophage/CD4+ T cell interactions: an agent-based model comparing
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
host-pathogen interactions between latently infected and naïve individuals
Authors: Hoerter Alexis , Petrucciani Alexa , Bonifacio Jordan , Arnett Eusondia , Schlesinger Larry S. , Pienaar Elsje 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
), remains a significant health challenge. Clinical manifestations of TB exist across a spectrum with a majority of infected individuals remaining asymptomatic, commonly referred to as latent TB infection (LTBI).
In vitro
models have demonstrated that cells from individuals with LTBI can better control
Mtb
growth and form granuloma-like structures more quickly, compared to cells from uninfected (
Mtb
-naïve) individuals. These
in vitro
results agree with animal and clinical evidence that LTBI protects, to some degree, against reinfection. However, the mechanisms by which LTBI might offer protection against reinfection remain unclear, and quantifying the relative contributions of multiple control mechanisms is challenging using experimental methods alone. To complement
in vitro
models, we have developed an
in silico
agent-based model to help elucidate host responses that might contribute to protection against reinfection. Our simulations indicate that earlier contact between macrophages and CD4+ T cells leads to LTBI simulations having more activated CD4+ T cells and, in turn, more activated infected macrophages, all of which contribute to a decreased bacterial load early on. Our simulations also demonstrate that granuloma-like structures support this early macrophage activation in LTBI simulations. We find that differences between LTBI and
Mtb
-naïve simulations are driven by TNFα and IFNγ-associated mechanisms as well as macrophage phagocytosis and killing mechanisms. Together, our simulations show how important the timing of the first interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells is, how this impacts infection progression, and why cells from LTBI individuals might be faster to respond to reinfection.

IMPORTANCE

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with millions of new infections and deaths annually. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms by which latent TB infection (LTBI) confers protection against reinfection remain unclear. In this study, we developed an
in silico
agent-based model to simulate early immune responses to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection based on experimental
in vitro
infection of human donor cells. Our simulations reveal that early interactions between macrophages and CD4+ T cells, driven by TNFα and IFNγ, are critical for bacterial control and granuloma formation in LTBI. These findings offer new insights into the immune processes involved in TB, which could inform the development of targeted vaccines and host-directed therapies. By integrating experimental data with computational predictions, our research provides a robust framework for understanding TB immunity and guiding future interventions to mitigate the global TB burden.
Socioeconomic factors and the risk of eye diseases in an elderly Danish population
Authors: Ørskov Marie , Cehofski Lasse Jørgensen , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard , Bek Toke , Skjøth Flemming , Vorum Henrik 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesThis study aims to study the association between socioeconomic factors and risk of prevalent eye diseases, including glaucoma, cataract and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in an elderly Danish population.DesignThis study was a nationwide cohort study.Setting and participantsThe included subjects were extracted from Danish nationwide health registers, and the association between socioeconomic factors and prevalent eye diseases was assessed by estimating the incidence rate and the cumulative incidence. The differences between the investigated groups were quantified using the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsBased on a 10-year follow-up period, the highest levels of education and household income were associated with higher rates and risks of glaucoma compared with the lowest and middle levels. This results in absolute risks ranging from 3.2% (3.1%–3.3%) in both the lowest educational and income group to 4.0% (3.9–4.1%) and 3.8% (3.8–3.9%) in the highest educational and income group, respectively. For cataract, the middle and lowest educational and income levels were associated with increased rates and risks, which were statistically significant compared with the highest levels. The risk of cataract ranged from 6.5% (6.4%–6.7%) to 8.1% (8.0%–8.2%) and 6.0% (5.9%–6.1%) to 8.7% (8.5%–8.8%) in the highest to the lowest educational and income group, respectively. For RVO, the event rate was low, showing no statistically significant differences. The risk of RVO remained constant in all investigated socioeconomic groups, with a risk of 0.3% (0.3%–0.3%).ConclusionOur findings indicate that socioeconomic factors, such as education and household income, are associated with the diagnosis glaucoma and cataract. Incorporating socioeconomic considerations into public health initiatives may enhance the management of eye diseases and improve information and awareness about these conditions.