bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of developmental processes of air- breathing organs among terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea): implications for their evolutionary origins
Authors: Inui Naoto , Miura Toru 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The acquisition of air-breathing organs is one of the key innovations for terrestrialization in animals. Terrestrial isopods, a crustacean lineage, can be suitable models to study the evolution of respiratory organs, as they exhibit varieties of air-breathing structures according to their habitats. However, the evolutionary processes and origins of these structures are unclear, due to the lack of information about their developmental processes. To understand the developmental mechanisms, we compared the developmental processes forming different respiratory structures in three isopod species, i.e., 'uncovered lungs' in Nagurus okinawaensis (Trachelipodidae), 'dorsal respiratory fields' in Alloniscus balssi (Alloniscidae), and pleopods without respiratory structures in Armadilloniscus cf. ellipticus (Detonidae).
Results
In N. okinawaensis with uncovered lungs, epithelium and cuticle around the proximal hemolymph sinus developed into respiratory structures at post-manca juvenile stages. On the other hand, in Al. balssi with dorsal respiratory fields, the region for the future respiratory structure was already present at manca 1 stage, immediately after hatching, where the lateral protrusion of ventral epithelium occurred, forming the respiratory structure. Furthermore, on pleopods in Ar. cf. ellipticus, only thickened dorsal cuticle and the proximal hemolymph sinus developed during postembryonic development without special morphogenesis.
Conclusions
This study shows that the respiratory structures in terrestrial isopods develop primarily by postembryonic epithelial modifications, but the timing and mode of development vary among species with different respiratory structures. The positions developing into respiratory structures differ between uncovered lungs and dorsal respiratory fields, suggesting that these organs derive from different origins despite the similar location of their functional organs. Overall, this study provides fundamental information for evolutionary developmental studies of isopod respiratory organs.
Face Recognition Using Oriented Gradient Feature Method
Authors: Wadje Jayshree , Jondhale Kalpana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper algorithm oriented gradient is implemented on human face recognition under different lighting conditions. Many researchers gave good results by compensating of low frequency illumination, or capturing of high frequency edges. A simple but effective method namely oriented gradient feature method is implemented. The feature image gradient gives magnitude and direction information in an image. Magnitude and direction information of an image is further used for histogram plot with orientation bins. The recognition rate accuracy has been improved when proposed algorithm for compensation of light is used.
Enhancing Vibration Analysis with Singular Spectrum Analysis in a System with Passive Damper Attached
Authors: Silva Magno de Oliveira , Cayres Bruno Cesar , Silva Felipe Leite Coelho da 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Vibration analysis is a process of monitoring and searching for anomalies or changes in the vibrational behavior of a system. In this context, the Fourier Transform has been widely employed to study systems whose responses to external disturbances are analyzed through vibrations. However, considering that vibration signals are often represented as time series, the application of Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) has been a promising methodology in this type of analysis. In this work, the SSA technique was used to investigate the vibrational responses of a single degree of freedom system with an attached tuned liquid column damper (TLCD). The system responses were captured by an accelerometer and processed by a data acquisition module, followed by analysis using the R programming language. The experimental results demonstrated the efficiency of the damper in attenuating the system vibration; it was also possible to identify the dominant frequencies through the Fourier Transform, specifically its computational version, the Fast Fourier Transform. In this work, the SSA methodology was applied which allowed the identification of distinct signals, including possible signals from the vibrations of aluminum rods coupled to the system, not detected by frequency domain analysis. Thus, the application of the SSA technique enabled the identification and quantification of different signals in the system with an attached passive damper and proved to be an excellent methodology to be added to the classic techniques of vibration analysis.
Comparing patients with high blood pressure and patients without high blood pressure: types of myocardial infarction and its complications
Authors: Almobark Khaled , Nabulsi Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: High blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke, and approximately 9.4 million people worldwide die annually from its complications. The aim of this study was to compare patients with high blood pressure and patients without high blood pressure in terms of the type of myocardial infarction that occurred and its subsequent complications, if any.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Damascus Hospital, on a sample of patients in the cardiac surgery department, and the records of a sample of patients in the cardiac internal medicine department, in the period between 12/22/2023 and 2/29/2024, where the sample amounted to 150 patients.
Results: Our study included 150 patients, males (68%) and females 48 (32%). The largest age group in our study was more than 60 (52%). The percentage of smokers was (53.3%) and alcoholics (24%). The percentage of those suffering from hypertension was (77.3%) and those who did not suffer from hypertension (22.7%). Those with a family history of high blood pressure (40%). The percentage of those suffering from diabetes (41%), hypertriglyceridemia and high cholesterol (32%) versus (68%) for each of them, and anemia (29.3%). Segment ST High in (57.3%) of patients. Only (32%) of patients underwent cardiac catheterization. The most common type of infarction is anterior (37.3%), followed by inferior infarction (16%), and the percentage of patients who did not have an infarction (36%) The largest percentage of infarction complications was arrhythmic (12%), followed by death (8%).
Conclusion: Our study found that patients with high blood pressure had a higher incidence of segment elevation (ST) after infarction than patients who did not suffer from high blood pressure.
Attitudes Related to Trauma-Informed Care by Healthcare Workers Handling Rape Victims at Orogbum Government Health Center Port Harcourt and Model Primary Health Care Center, Eliozu Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Authors: Okeke O. I. , Lawal A. M , Omole O. , Nnebuifechuku Neuropsychiatric Hospital Rumuigbo Port Harcourt Nigeria. C. , IN Ijere 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have suggested that there are far-reaching potentials for utilizing trauma-informed care as an intervention strategy for victims of trauma such as rape and sexual abuse. This study, therefore, explored the attitude related to trauma-informed care (TIC) by healthcare workers handling rape victims at Orogbum Government Health Center Port Harcourt and Model Primary Health Care Center, Eliozu Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional design, purposive sampling was used to select the study participants, and independent t-test statistics were used to analyze the gathered data. A structured instrument- the Attitudes Related to Trauma-Informed Care (ARTIC) Scale by Baker et al., (2016), was used to elicit respondent’s data. Thirty-eight healthcare workers (23 females- 60.5%, and 15 males- 39.5%) were employed for this service evaluation survey. Three hypotheses were tested. Respondents age distribution were 18-40 years (50%, n=19) and 41-70 years (50%, n=19). Years of experience as healthcare workers - shorter years (11-40 years, n 23)- 60.5%, and longer years of experience (11-40 years, n 15)- 39.5%.
Results: Findings from the study revealed that gender and age, respectively (t=1.785, t= -0.014, p >.05), did not significantly affect the respondent’s attitude towards trauma-informed care. However, the healthcare workers who had spent shorter time (X =207.7) in healthcare service delivery had more positive attitudes to trauma-informed care than their counterparts who had spent longer years (X = 222.1) in healthcare service delivery.
Conclusion: Though underreported, Trauma-related events, especially rape, are widespread in Nigeria. The study suggested that trauma-informed care should be at the center of training for mental health professionals caring for trauma patients.
Routing and Security Based Ad-hoc Networks Configuration for Identification of Attack Using Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: Avinash J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In many fields of Research, wireless sensor networks have grown in popularity. Depending on the dangerous situation the networks fields, there are more chances to attack wireless sensor network. This research explains how to locate rogue nodes in the networks based on investigation and responses from each node in the networks. In generally a malicious node blocks the transmission of signal to other nodes. So, in order to increase network performance, avoid much traffic for the server to buffer, causing them to slow down and eventually stop. Hence to identify the fake node in wireless sensor network is main aim of this research through Network Simulator with the help of Reinforcement Learning based routing algorithms. Further, attack vectors allow hackers to exploit system’s vulnerabilities including manual elements. It is suggested that a workable security framework for the WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) used to estimate traffic or packet loss and throughput ratio in order to detect fault identity. So enhancing the networks performance is based on request-response mechanism of the nodes, which engages with features at various levels of the protocol's system, monitors and analyzes typical patterns and alerts node to ensure their dangerous activities cannot transmit across the network. Some of monitoring basic functions through routing algorithm and NS2 include overseeing server CPUs, paying attention to network traffic, identifying patterns in error rates, alerting you about slow pages and combing through your access logs to find out how long requests usually take.
Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in mothers after preterm delivery and the associated psychological processes
Authors: NDJOMO Gilles , NJIENGWE Erero , MOUDZE Béatrice , GUIFO Odette , BLAIRY Sylvie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Empirical studies have shown traumatic, anxious, and depressive symptoms in mothers after preterm births. Many studies have focused on biological, social, and life circumstance factors to explain the emergence of these symptoms; their results are inconsistent. The ability of psychological processes to predict the emergence of psychopathology is now well documented in many clinical populations. However, the psychological processes underlying the onset of traumatic, anxious, and depressive symptoms in postpartum mothers of preterm infants had not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to identify the most common symptoms experienced in the first few days after delivery and determine whether processes of anhedonia, brooding rumination, and worry are predictive of posttraumatic stress (PTS), anxiety, and depression symptoms.
Methods: A sample of 106 mothers was screened for PTS, anxiety, and depression symptoms within the first 10 days after their preterm delivery. Anhedonia, brooding rumination, and worry were also assessed. Student’s t-tests were performed to identify the most severe manifestation reported. To explore the predictive effect of the psychological processes of anhedonia, brooding rumination, and worry, multiple linear regressions were performed.
Results: Descriptive analysis shows that 75.5% of mothers reported a pathological symptom level for at least one of PTS, anxiety, or depression. Being alert and worrying are the predominant manifestations experienced in the first few days after preterm birth. Multiple linear regression showed that traumatic symptoms were predicted by worry and brooding rumination; anxiety symptoms were predicted by worry, reminiscence pleasure and a deficit in consummatory pleasure; and depressive symptoms were predicted by worry and a deficit in consummatory pleasure.
Conclusions: Our findings support the process model and suggest that anhedonia, brooding rumination, and worry may be relevant targets for psychological interventions to treat PTS, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Behavioral activation could be an effective intervention to target these dysfunctional processes and thus improve maternal symptoms.
Advanced Spatiotemporal Chaos-Based Hash Functions for Enhanced Security
Authors: Li Yuxuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The domain of nonlinear science has witnessed a burgeoning interest in the study of spatiotemporal chaos, prompting a deeper investigation into its complex dynamics. This research introduces an innovative enhancement to the cross-coupled map lattice, presenting a novel spatiotemporal chaotic map that signifies a leap forward in chaotic systems' modeling. Our comprehensive experimental analysis demonstrates that this updated cross-coupled map lattice significantly surpasses its predecessor in terms of chaotic behavior and performance. Considering the escalating relevance of hash functions across various sectors—most notably in cryptography, data integrity verification, and data indexing—our work leverages this pioneering spatiotemporal chaos framework to forge new paths in hash function development. We have engineered a state-of-the-art hash function that harnesses the sophisticated dynamics of the enhanced cross-coupled map lattice. This function adeptly processes variable-length input data, producing fixed-size hash outputs of 128, 256, or 512 bits. Through a series of rigorous tests designed to simulate a range of potential cryptographic attacks, we have validated the exceptional security and resilience of our hash function. Our thorough experimental scrutiny reveals the hash function's robust security features, confirming its suitability for critical applications that demand high levels of data integrity and enhanced cryptographic protection. This exploration into spatiotemporal chaos not only sets a new benchmark for hash function design but also contributes significantly to the broader field of cryptography, offering robust solutions to the contemporary challenges faced in digital security.
Machine learning ARIMA for modelling and forecasting variations inearth’s surface phenomenon using sparse time series satellite data—acase study of sea surface salinity in the Nigerian coastal zone
Authors: Ajibola-James Opeyemi , Okeke Francis I. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The tropical coasts, particularly the Nigerian coastal zone, have been traditionally undersampled using appropriate in situ methods and understudied using appropriate remote sensing techniques despite the proliferation of satellite missions for earth observation. The contemporary all-weather satellite observations of phenomena of interest are characterized by relatively sparse time series data that discourage their utilization as input in building efficient machine learning (ML) models for both exploratory and predictive purposes. Additionally, data-poor areas usually have difficulties meeting the multiple predictor variable requirement of building appropriate multivariate ML regression models. We utilized a relatively sparse sea surface salinity (SSS) dataset from the Soil Moisture Active Passive Mission (SMAP) satellite products (Jan., 2016-Dec., 2021) for this study. We determined the accuracy and variability of the relatively sparse SSS data for the study area to be approximately 6.5° × 4.5°. We built ML autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models and determined and validated the best model for modelling (Jan., 2016-Dec., 2020) and forecasting (Jan.-Dec., 2021) Earth’s surface phenomenon (ESP) using relatively sparse SSS data as a case study. We show root mean squared differences (RMSDs) of 0.1279 psu and 0.1162 psu for modelling and forecasting data accuracy, respectively. We show a standard deviation (SD) of 0.2528 for the interannual SSS variability (iSSSv). We show the modelling accuracy with an R-squared (R2) of 0.8345281 and its validation with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.7779% and the forecasting accuracy with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.9850 psu and its validation with a MAPE of 2.7670% for the best ML ARIMA model. The relatively low SD value suggests a relatively stable iSSSv along the Nigerian coastal zone. The R2 and MAPE results suggest relatively high modelling and prediction accuracy. The results imply that relatively sparse satellite time series data of at least 60 epochs (hourly, daily, weekly, monthly or yearly observations) can be utilized for building a relatively accurate ML ARIMA model for modelling and forecasting variations in any ESP in any geographical area.
Optimising Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Quantum Error Correction Protocols
Authors: Sawarn Shivam , Dubey Akhilesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Mach-Zehnder interferometer is a simple device that demonstrates the clear path-choice problem in quantum mechanics through amplitude division. Experiments carried out in labs often encounter noise due to component inefficiencies and other environmental factors. The present study maps the interferometer and its inherent inefficiencies to a quantum circuit using Qiskit. This work highlights the crucial role of quantum error correction (QEC) protocols in managing the noise present in the quantum circuit. By employing the Shor code, an error-correcting code devised by Peter Shor, it becomes feasible to detect and rectify errors.
Advanced Key Expansion Algorithm Using a High-Performance Four-Dimensional Chaotic Map and a Strong S-Box for Enhanced Sensitivity and Independence
Authors: Li Yuxuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The round key plays a critical role in the security of block encryption algorithms, being derived from the initial key through the key expansion process to bolster security. In this study, we introduce a novel key expansion algorithm powered by a high-performance four-dimensional chaotic map and a robust S-box, notable for its sensitivity and independence of keys, thereby strengthening defense against various cryptographic attacks. We present a four-dimensional chaotic map, celebrated for its outstanding dynamic properties as confirmed through detailed behavior analysis. Additionally, we propose an S-box generation technique based on operations in the finite field GF(28), resulting in an S-box with high nonlinearity and enhanced security. This S-box is carefully crafted to eliminate typical weaknesses such as fixed points, reverse fixed points, and short periods, making it suitable for key expansion applications. Utilizing the advantages of the chaotic map and S-box, we elaborate on our key expansion algorithm and demonstrate its security effectiveness through thorough evaluation, showcasing its promise as a potent instrument in cryptographic security.
Design and Performance Comparison of FuzzyPID and Non-linear Model Predictive Controller for 4-Wheel Omni-drive Robot
Authors: PANTA LOVE 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Trajectory tracking for an Omni-drive robot presents a challenging task that demands an efficient controller design. To address the limitations of manual tuning, we introduce a self-optimizing controller named fuzzyPID, leveraging the analysis of responses from various dynamic and static systems. The rule-based controller design is implemented using Matlab/Simulink, and trajectory tracking simulations are conducted within the CoppeliaSim environment. Similarly, a non-linear model predictive controller(NMPC) is proposed to compare tracking performance with fuzzyPID. We also assess the impact of tunable parameters of NMPC on its tracking accuracy. Simulation results validate the precision and effectiveness of NMPC over fuzzyPID controller while trading computational complexity.
The functional generalization of the Boltzmann-Vlasov equation and its gauge-like symmetry
Authors: Torrieri Giorgio 
Published: March 2024

We argue that one can model deviations from the ensemble average in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics by promoting the Boltzmann equation to an equation in terms of functionals , representing possible candidates for phase space distributions inferred from a finite observed number of degrees of freedom. We find that, provided the collision term and the Vlasov drift term are both included, a gauge-like redundancy arises which does not go away even if the functional is narrow. We argue that this effect is linked to the gauge-like symmetry found in relativistic hydrodynamics [Ann. Phys. 442, 168902 (2022)] and that it could be part of the explanation for the apparent fluid-like behavior in small systems in hadronic collisions and other strongly-coupled small systems [Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 68, 211 (2018)]. When causality and Lorentz invariance are omitted this problem can be look at via random matrix theory show, and we show that in such a case thermalization happens much more quickly than the Boltzmann equation would infer. We also sketch an algorithm to study this problem numerically.
“A Comprehensive Review of Anaemia Associated with Hypothyroidism”
Authors: Eram Faseeha , Quamri Mohammad Aleemuddin , Zaidi Adeeba , Sonam  
Published: March 2024

Background:
Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in erythropoiesis, both directly and indirectly, with reduced secretion potentially causing anaemia—a
commonly overlooked symptom of hypothyroidism. By compiling existing data, discussing recent advancements, identifying root causes, and
proposing potential treatment options, this work acknowledges the complexity of the issue and aims to serve as a foundational reference for those
in the early stages of research or clinical practice.

Methods:
To comprehend the concept of this disease condition, a number of medical textbooks were consulted. Various search engines, such as PubMed,
Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, Scopus, etc., were cited to explore the recent advancements and obtain data on the topic in
question. Later, all the information and data gathered were organised into a review article.

Conclusion:
Anemia, often referred to as the “haematological mask” of hypothyroidism, can manifest even before hypothyroidism is clinically diagnosed.
Hypothyroidism must be considered as a potential cause when confronted with refractory anemia, as its treatment is pivotal for achieving
comprehensive and lasting improvements in haematological parameters.