bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equating extrapolate dictionaries for massless scattering
Authors: Jørstad Eivind , Pasterski Sabrina , Sharma Atul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study features of celestial CFT correlation functions when the bulk theory is itself a CFT. We show that conformal inversions in the bulk map boost eigenstates to shadow transformed boost eigenstates. This is demonstrated explicitly for the wavefunctions of free massless scalars, and finds interesting applications to building extrapolate dictionaries. Because inversions exchange null infinity and the light cone of the origin, one finds a relation between the massless extrapolate dictionary — involving correlators of operators inserted along null infinity — and the slice-by-slice extrapolate dictionary recently studied by Sleight and Taronna starting from the hyperbolic foliation of de Boer and Solodukhin. Namely, boundary correlators of Sleight and Taronna coincide with celestial amplitudes of shadow transformed boost eigenstates. These considerations are unified by lifting celestial correlators to the Einstein cylinder. This also sheds new light on the extraction of the 𝑆-matrix from the flat limit of AdS/CFT.
The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Habiba Umm E. , Khan Nasar , Greene David Lawrence , Shamim Sabiha , Umer Amna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) often causes chronic kidney damage despite best medical practices. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) arises from a complex interaction of factors within the kidney and the whole body. Targeting specific disease-causing agents using drugs has not been effective in treating DKD. However, stem cell therapies offer a promising alternative by addressing multiple disease pathways and promoting kidney regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer great promise due to their superior accessibility ratio from adult tissues and remarkable modes of action, such as the production of paracrine anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective substances. This review critically evaluates the development of MSC treatment for DKD as it moves closer to clinical application. Results from animal models suggest that systemic MSC infusion may positively impact DKD progression. However, few registered and completed clinical trials exist, and whether the treatments are effective in humans is still being determined. Significant knowledge gaps and research opportunities exist, including establishing the ideal source, dose, and timing of MSC delivery, better understanding of in vivo mechanisms, and developing quantitative indicators to obtain a more significant therapeutic response. This paper reviews recent literature on using MSCs in preclinical and clinical trials in DKD. Potent biomarkers related to DKD are also highlighted, which may help better understand MSCs’ action in this disease progression.

Key messages

Mesenchymal stem cells have anti-inflammatory and paracrine effects in diabetic kidney disease.

Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate in animal models having diabetic kidney disease.

Mesenchymal stem cells possess promise for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.
Entropy Computation for Oscillator-based Physical Random Number Generators
Authors: Lubicz David , Fischer Viktor 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we provide a complete set of algorithms aimed at the design and security evaluation of oscillator-based True Random Number Generators (TRNG). While depending on some TRNG design assumptions, the proposed algorithms use as inputs the statistical parameters of the underlying random physical process such as the clock jitter originating from the thermal noise and give a lower bound of the entropy rate of the generated bit stream as output. We describe the general structure of a TRNG composed of multiple free-running oscillators and samplers, the outputs of which are post-processed by an entropy conditioner. Depending on the specification of the entropy conditioner, which can usually be any Boolean function, we describe several algorithmic optimizations. We then explain how to compute and efficiently manage the entropy rate at the output of such a post-processing block and at the output of the generator as a whole.
One-shot procedures for efficient minimum compliance topology optimization
Authors: Amir Oded 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a one-shot approach for minimum compliance topology optimization is investigated. In the convex case of variable thickness sheet optimization, an optimality criteria scheme with a single step of an iterative state solver converges to the same solutions as an accurate procedure. This remarkable behavior is explained by the crucial role of the geometric multigrid preconditioner that generates accurate design sensitivities on a coarse scale. When applied to SIMP-based topology optimization, a one-shot procedure yields designs with the same primary load-transferring features as an accurate procedure. The difference is in the absence and presence of thin features that have a relatively minor impact on the objective. Several practical remedies are suggested that can close the small performance gaps between the one-shot procedure and an accurate one. The solution scheme is directly applicable to large-scale problems executed on parallel computers, allowing for significant computational savings.
Investigating attention toward pain-related cues in an Arabic-speaking population with and without chronic pain
Authors: Abudoush Ahmad N. , Poliakoff Ellen , Panagioti Maria , Hodkinson Alexander , Husain Nusrat 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere is some evidence for attentional biases in individuals with chronic pain (CP). Cultural and linguistic differences might affect the manifestation of these processes across populations. However, such attentional biases have not been explored in the Arabic-speaking population. The current study investigated these attentional biases and possible associations with resilience. Two matched groups of Arabic-speaking participants with (58) and without (58) CP were recruited from Jordan and the United Kingdom. They completed emotionally modified versions of the Posner cueing and Stroop tasks, alongside questionnaires. Significant group differences were found for the Posner task, with the CP group exhibiting disengagement revealed by the inhibition of return (IOR) effect for sensory pain-related cues compared to delayed disengagement for the other cue types. The control group showed IOR across cue types. No group differences were found on the Stroop task. The CP group had lower resilience scores than healthy controls, and resilience moderated performance on the Posner task. The study provides preliminary evidence about the attentional processes in the Arabic population; the speed of disengagement is affected in the CP group with early disengagement for sensory pain-related information compared to affect pain and neutral stimuli. Furthermore, resilience levels in the CP and control group moderated the performance on the Posner task, suggesting that it influences attentional allocation. This study can help in understanding how the phenomenon of attention bias intertwines with the cultural and linguistic factors. Future research should further explore attentional dynamics across different time points in this population and the modulatory effect of resilience.
Uniform negative immersions and the coherence of one-relator groups
Authors: Louder Larsen , Wilton Henry 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPreviously, the authors proved that the presentation complex of a one-relator group $G$
G
satisfies a geometric condition called negative immersions if every two-generator, one-relator subgroup of $G$
G
is free. Here, we prove that one-relator groups with negative immersions are coherent, answering a question of Baumslag in this case. Other strong constraints on the finitely generated subgroups also follow such as, for example, the co-Hopf property. The main new theorem strengthens negative immersions to uniform negative immersions, using a rationality theorem proved with linear-programming techniques.
A newly discovered glycosyltransferase gene UGT88A1 affects growth and polysaccharide synthesis of Grifola frondosa
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Bao-xin , Zhang Jie , Han Na , Liu Shu-ting , Geng Wen-ji , Jia Shi-ru , Li Yan-ru , Gan Quan , Han Pei-pei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Grifolafrodosa polysaccharides, especially β-D-glucans, possess significant anti-tumor, antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities. However, the synthesis mechanism remains to be elucidated. A newly discovered glycosyltransferase UGT88A1 was found to extend glucan chains in vitro. However, the role of UGT88A1 in the growth and polysaccharide synthesis of G. frondosa in vivo remains unclear. In this study, the overexpression of UGT88A1 improved mycelial growth, increased polysaccharide production, and decreased cell wall pressure sensitivity. Biomass and polysaccharide production decreased in the silenced strain, and the pressure sensitivity of the cell wall increased. Overexpression and silencing of UGT88A1 both affected the monosaccharide composition and surface morphology of G. frondosa polysaccharides and influenced the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from different strains. The messenger RNA expression of glucan synthase (GLS), UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (UGP), and UDP-xylose-4-epimerase (UXE) related to polysaccharide synthesis, and genes related to cell wall integrity increased in the overexpression strain. Overall, our study indicates that UGT88A1 plays an important role in the growth, stress, and polysaccharide synthesis of G. frondosa, providing a reference for exploring the pathway of polysaccharide synthesis and metabolic regulation.

Key points
•UGT88A1 plays an important role in the growth, stress response, and polysaccharide synthesis in G. frondosa.
•UGT88A1 affected the monosaccharide composition, surface morphology and antioxidant activity of G. frondosa polysaccharides.
•UGT88A1 regulated the mRNA expression of genes related to polysaccharide synthesis and cell wall integrity.
Explosive and binary cyclogenesis over a mid-latitude hotspot and its Rossby number dependence in an idealized general circulation model
Authors: Yamamoto Masaru 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study presents the optimal conditions for the formation of explosive and binary cyclones over a mid-latitude hotspot in an idealized Earth-like general circulation model of variable planetary size. Multiple solutions of cyclogenesis were obtained for the same Rossby number over the hotspot (RoH), whereas general circulation is uniquely determined with respect to the Rossby number of the zonal-mean westerly jet (RoJ). For low RoJ values, the zonal jet core and its related area of active eddies are longitudinally narrow at 300 hPa over the hotspot. However, the latitudinal extension of the active area over the hotspot is not small. Binary cyclones (pairs of northern and southern lows) are thus frequently formed. For intermediate RoJ values, the zonal jet core and the area of active eddies at 300 hPa are extended from the northern hotspot toward the east. At 900 hPa, the active eddy region is bifurcated along the jet axis and over the hotspot. This may correspond to the bifurcation of storm tracks in winter in the North Pacific hotspot, where both explosive and binary cyclones occur frequently, along with a meridionally elongated trough. For high RoJ values, the zonal jet core and active eddy area at 300 hPa occur north of the hotspot, and the active eddy area at 900 hPa occurs over the hotspot. The upper-level active area is separated from the lower-level area, so cyclones are not explosively developed and binary cyclones are not formed.
Parents’ experiences of sham feeding their child with esophageal atresia at home while awaiting reconstructive surgery. A qualitative interview study
Authors: Tollne AnnaMaria , Nilsson Tuva , Svensson Jan F. , Almström Markus , Öst Elin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to explore parents’ experience of sham feeding their baby born with esophageal atresia at home, waiting for reconstructive surgery.

Method
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of six children born with esophageal atresia waiting for delayed reconstruction. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
Parents experienced that sham feed reinforced the healthy abilities in their baby. They had faith in their own ability as parents to care for their child as well as to see to their baby’s strength to cope with difficulties. Parents expressed that the health care system can hinder as well as be a major support on their way to a more normal life at home while waiting for reconstructive surgery.

Conclusion
The experience of sham feeding at home while waiting for reconstructive surgery is characterized by positive aspects both for children born with esophageal atresia and their parents.
Prediction of 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality after colorectal cancer surgery using a data-driven approach
Authors: Bräuner Karoline Bendix , Tsouchnika Andi , Mashkoor Maliha , Williams Ross , Rosen Andreas Weinberger , Hartwig Morten Frederik Schlaikjær , Bulut Mustafa , Dohrn Niclas , Rijnbeek Peter , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To develop prediction models for short-term mortality risk assessment following colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods
Data was harmonized from four Danish observational health databases into the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. With a data-driven approach using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator logistic regression on preoperative data, we developed 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality prediction models. We assessed discriminative performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristic and precision-recall curve and calibration using calibration slope, intercept, and calibration-in-the-large. We additionally assessed model performance in subgroups of curative, palliative, elective, and emergency surgery.

Results
A total of 57,521 patients were included in the study population, 51.1% male and with a median age of 72 years. The model showed good discrimination with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88, 0.878, and 0.861 for 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality, respectively, and a calibration-in-the-large of 1.01, 0.99, and 0.99. The overall incidence of mortality were 4.48% for 30-day mortality, 6.64% for 90-day mortality, and 12.8% for 1-year mortality, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed no improvement of discrimination or calibration when separating the cohort into cohorts of elective surgery, emergency surgery, curative surgery, and palliative surgery.

Conclusion
We were able to train prediction models for the risk of short-term mortality on a data set of four combined national health databases with good discrimination and calibration. We found that one cohort including all operated patients resulted in better performing models than cohorts based on several subgroups.
Geschichte der Herzschrittmacher-Therapie in Deutschland
Authors: Lemke Bernd 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Herzschrittmachertherapie beginnt bereits in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts mit ersten erfolgreichen Herzstimulationen beim Menschen. Als eigentliche Geburtsstunde der heutigen Schrittmachertherapie gilt die erste vollständige Implantation eines Herzschrittmachers durch den Herzchirurgen Ake Senning am 08.10.1958 im Karolinska-Hospital in Stockholm. Die erste Herzschrittmacher-Implantation in Deutschland führte Heinz-Joachim Sykosch am 06.10.1961 in der Chirurgischen Klinik der Universität Düsseldorf durch. Zwei Jahre später erfolgte die erste Implantation in der DDR durch Friedrich Flemming am 02.09.1963 an der Charité in Ost-Berlin. Der erste in der BRD produzierte Schrittmacher kam 1963 auf den Markt, die DDR startete eine eigene Schrittmacherproduktion 1978. Im Jahr 1974 führte die Herzschrittmachertherapie in der BRD zu einer 50 %-Überlebensdauer von 6,3 Jahren im Vergleich zur medikamentösen Therapie mit < 1 Jahr. Schrittmacherelektroden haben seit der Verwendung blanker Metalldrähte eine deutlich verbesserte Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit erlangt. Einen vorläufigen Abschluss bildet hier der sondenlose Herzschrittmacher. Die Batterieentwicklung führte zu einer Flut erfinderischer Aktivitäten: wieder aufladbare Herzschrittmacher, biogalvanische Zelle, Bioenergiequellen, Nukleargeneratoren und Lithiumbatterien, die sich letztlich durchsetzten. Nach der Anfangsphase starrfrequenter Ventrikelstimulation wurden zunehmend an die Physiologie angepasste Systeme entwickelt: Bedarfsschrittmacher, vorhofbeteiligte Stimulation und frequenzadaptive Systeme. Aber erst die Rückbesinnung auf eine direkte Stimulation des Reizleitungssystems ermöglichte eine wirklich physiologische Stimulation des Herzens.
The use of LNG-IUS-19.5 mg in daily gynecological routine practice in Germany: data from the Kyleena™ Satisfaction Study (KYSS)
Authors: Römer Thomas , Frenz Ann-Kathrin , Dietrich-Ott Susanne , Fiedler Anja 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The Kyleena™ Satisfaction Study (KYSS) provided the first data on 19.5 mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS-19.5 mg) use in routine clinical practice. Here we report results from the German participants in KYSS.

Methods
This prospective, observational, single-arm cohort study recruited women who independently chose to use LNG-IUS-19.5 mg during routine counseling in Germany. Overall satisfaction and bleeding profile satisfaction, continuation rates, and safety profile were evaluated at 12 months or premature end of observation (EoO).

Results
In the German study population, LNG-IUS-19.5 mg placement was attempted in 508 women and successful in 506 women. Mean age was 32.3 years, and 60.0% (n = 305/508) were parous. Placement was considered easy and associated with no more than mild pain, even in younger and nulliparous participants. Of those with satisfaction data available, 87.6% (n = 388/443) were satisfied with LNG-IUS-19.5 mg at 12 months/EoO. Satisfaction was similar for parous (86.9%, n = 238/274) and nulliparous (88.8%, n = 150/169) women, and was independent of age, prior contraceptive method, or reason for choosing LNG-IUS-19.5 mg. Most participants (73.6%, n = 299/406) were also satisfied with their bleeding profile at 12 months/EoO, independent of parity, age, prior contraceptive method, presence of amenorrhea or dysmenorrhea severity. The 12-month continuation rate was 84.1% (n = 427/508). Most discontinuations were due to loss to follow-up (8.5%, n = 43/508) or treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (4.7%, n = 24/508). TEAEs were reported in 12.6% (n = 64) of participants, with 9.3% (n = 47) considered to have an LNG-IUS-19.5 mg-related TEAE.

Conclusion
Our real-world findings on LNG-IUS-19.5 mg use in German KYSS participants reflected its suitability for a broad population, including young and nulliparous women.

Clinical trial registration
NCT03182140 (date of registration: June 2017).
Transoral laser microsurgery for T1 glottic cancer with anterior commissure: Identifying clinical and radiological variables that predict oncological outcome
Authors: Eker Caglar , Surmelioglu Ozgur , Dagkiran Muhammed , Kaya Omer , Tanrisever Ilda , Arpaci Burak , Kaya Bedir , Yucel Karakaya Sevinc Puren , Onan Elvan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The involvement of the anterior commissure (AC) is regarded to be a risk factor for poor results after transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for early glottic cancer. The objective of this study was to determine how AC-related clinical and radiological factors affected oncological outcomes in a cohort of patients with T1 stage early glottic carcinoma involving the anterior commissure who were treated with TLM with negative surgical margins.

Methods
Retrospective analysis was performed on clinical, radiological, and follow-up data of patients consecutively treated with TLM at a tertiary academic center between November 2011 and August 2021 for T1 glottic squamous cell carcinoma involving the anterior commissure. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), local control with laser alone (LCL), laryngeal preservation (LP), and overall survival (OS) rates (Kaplan–Meier) were the primary outcome metrics.

Results
In our series, 5-year OS probability was 75.1%, RFS was 64.8%, LCL was 73.8%, and LP was 83.4%. OS and RFS were higher in patients with early stages of AC pattern than in patients with advanced stage (p = 0.004, p = 0.034, respectively). Vertical extension ratio was found to be associated with OS and RFS (p = 0.023, p = 0.001, respectively), and thyroid cartilage interlaminar angle with LCL by multiple Cox regression analysis (p = 0.041).

Conclusion
TLM remains a valuable treatment option for AC involvement. AC3 type involvement and elevated vertical extension ratio were associated with negative prognosis. There have been signs that thyroid cartilage with a narrow angle increases recurrence. Alternative modalities should be kept in mind in the treatment decision of these cases.
Resistance training effects on pubertal children with a risk of developing pediatric dynapenia
Authors: Ruas Cassio V. , Ratel Sébastien , Nosaka Kazunori , Castellano Gabriela , Pinto Ronei S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Many modern-day children are at risk of pediatric dynapenia (muscle weakness). We examined the effects of a 12-week resistance training (RT) program on neuromuscular function and body composition parameters in pubertal children with a risk of dynapenia.

Methods
Twelve children (13.4 ± 0.9 y) with dynapenia performed a progressive RT program consisting of knee extension and flexion, bench press, abdominal crunch, back extension, lateral pull-down, elbow flexion, and upright row (1–2 sets of 10–15 repetitions/exercise) twice/week for 12 weeks. Outcome measures included one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque, rate of torque development (RTD), electromyographic (EMG) activity, muscle thickness (MT), muscle quality (MQ) assessed by echo intensity (MQEI) of the knee extensors and specific tension of MVIC torque to thigh fat-free mass (MQST), and total and regional body and bone composition assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Changes in the measures before and after the 12-week RT and associations among the measures were analyzed by linear mixed models.

Results
Significant (p < 0.05) increases in 1-RM (63.9 ± 4.5%), MVIC torque (16.3 ± 17.8%), MT (18.8 ± 5.5%) and MQ (MQEI: -25.9 ± 15.2%; MQST: 15.1 ± 18.8%;) were evident from pre- to post-training. Total fat-free mass (FFM) increased by 2.3 ± 3.2% from baseline (p = 0.01), but no changes (p > 0.05) in the other measures were observed. Significant (p < 0.05) associations between the changes in 1-RM and/or MVIC torque and the changes in quadriceps MT, MQEI, MQST and total body FFM were evident.

Conclusions
The 12-week RT was effective for improving neuromuscular and body composition parameters, and thereby reversed the risk of pediatric dynapenia.