bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target strength of the lanternfish, Stenobrachius leucopsarus (family Myctophidae), a fish without an airbladder, measured in the Bering Sea
Authors: Yasuma Hiroki , Takao Yoshimi , Sawada Kouichi , Miyashita Kazushi , Aoki Ichiro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
This paper reports theoretical values of target strength (TS) for the lanternfish Stenobrachius leucopsarus, a fish without an airbladder, which dominates the Subarctic marine mesopelagic fish community. Two models for liquid-like slender bodies, the general prolate-spheroid model (PSM) and the deformed-cylinder model (DCM), were used to compute the TS of the fish relative to its orientation. The relative mass density g and the sound speed h in seawater were measured and used in both models. To confirm the appropriateness of the models, tethered experimental measurements were carried out at 38 kHz for five specimens. The value of g measured by the density-bottle method was very low (1.002–1.009) compared with that of marine fish in general. The value of h measured by the time-average approach was 1.032–1.039 at the water temperature at which S. leucopsarus is found. TS-fluctuation patterns against fish orientation (the TS pattern) estimated from the DCM and PSM were in good agreement in the area of their main lobes. Both models reproduced the main lobes of the measured TS patterns in near-horizontal orientation (<±20°), and they were considered to be effective in measuring the TS of S. leucopsarus in a horizontal (swimming) position. After these comparative experiments, we computed the TS of 57 fish (27.8–106.9 mm) at 38, 70, 120, and 200 kHz, using the DCM. A plot of body length (in log scale) against TS showed a non-linear relationship at all frequencies. S. leucopsarus had a very low TS (<−85 dB, TScm), suggesting that acoustic assessment would be highly sensitive, especially when the proportion of small fish is high (e.g. L/λ < 2), and an appropriate frequency should be considered that takes into account both the length composition and the depth of occurrence.
The effect of coastal topography on the spatial structure of anchovy and sardine
Authors: Giannoulaki Marianna , Machias Athanassios , Koutsikopoulos Constantin , Somarakis Stylianos 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAcoustic-survey data from 1995 to 2004 (six acoustic surveys in summer and two in winter) in the Aegean and Ionian Seas (eastern Mediterranean Sea) were analysed to investigate the spatial organization of European anchovy and European sardine populations. The potential effect of certain topographic characteristics (e.g. area, bottom depth, and the degree of land enclosure) on the spatial structure of the fish was studied in different geographic subareas (i.e. how topography affects the organization of fish into clusters of schools). Parameters calculated by geostatistical techniques were used as descriptors of the spatial organization. The results indicate the significant effect of area and land enclosure on the spatial structures of both species, suggesting that environmental spatial heterogeneity attributable to coastal topography affected the way fish schools were organized into aggregations. In summer, the spatial structure of sardine was more heterogeneous in subareas with increased land enclosure, whereas the spatial structure of anchovy was not significantly related to any of the area characteristics examined. In winter, the spatial structure of both species was more heterogeneous in subareas with increased enclosure and in small rather than larger subareas. The findings are discussed in terms of the species' response to their environment.
Pollock (Pollachius virens) stock structure in the Canadian Maritimes inferred from mark-recapture studies
Authors: Neilson John D. , Stobo Wayne T. , Perley Peter 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The current management unit for pollock on the Canadian Atlantic coast is large compared with other gadoid resources, and includes the Scotian Shelf, the Bay of Fundy, and the Canadian portion of Georges Bank. Based on an analysis of mark-recapture studies conducted in the Canadian Maritimes and off southwestern Newfoundland and a review of other published studies providing data relevant to stock identification, the stock structure of pollock in Canadian Atlantic waters was re-assessed. The analysis also includes a novel method for using the spatial distribution of standardized fishing effort to predict the distribution of tag returns. It is concluded that three stocks co-occur within the current management unit. The larger population components exist in the western Scotian Shelf (including the eastern Bay of Fundy) and on the eastern Scotian Shelf. There is a coastal population in the western Gulf of Maine that overlaps into Canadian waters, but its size is likely to be relatively small. There is a need to revise the current management unit boundaries to protect the eastern Scotian Shelf stock, which on the basis of growth rate data, appears to be the least productive component of the pollock resource in Canadian Atlantic waters.
Delayed Rupture of Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon Following Closed Injury
Authors: Simpson R. G. 
Published: March 2006

Closed rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon is most often seen following lower radial fractures, but is uncommon in the absence of fracture. Redden has recently described rupture following rotational injury of the forearm. I wish to record three cases of closed delayed rupture following direct injury to the area of the tendon.
Angiomatosis of the Metacarpal Skeleton
Authors: Tuñon J. Blanco , Gonzalez F. Perez 
Published: March 2006

We present a case of a tumour of the right hand. After carrying out a biopsy it was diagnosed as skeletal angiomatosis which, considering the marked osteolysis present, falls within the description of Gorham's disease. The three bones concerned in the tumour were excised and replaced with a bone graft, and the metacarpophalangeal joints preserved with Swanson prostheses.
The Determinants Of Flexor Tendon Fibrosis Following Trauma: An Experimental Study In Rabbits
Authors: Watson Michael 
Published: March 2006

summary Twenty-six rabbits were subjected to various types of forepaw flexor tendon laceration. After two weeks the tendons were examined. Fibrosis was densest around the proximal stump of the divided profundus tendon. Double partial transverse nicks, designed to induce local ischaemia, caused no more fibrosis than a single longitudinal slit of the same length. Rendering the proximal stump ischaemic with a snare caused no increase in fibrosis. It was concluded that movement and tissue trauma are more important than ischaemia in determining the degree of fibrosis around the injured flexor tendon in the rabbit forepaw.
Restoration of Opposition of the Thumb
Authors: Jensen E. Gert 
Published: March 2006

summary During the period 1966–75 operation to restore thumb opposition was performed in thirty four patients. Out of twenty seven patients who could be traced, twenty one had obtained a satisfactory result, five had considerably improved, while one had to be classified as a failure. Complications from the operation and the motor tendon are discussed. Among 147 cases with injury to the median nerve treated during the same period, operation to obtain opposition was indicated in 14%.
Compression Of The Deep Palmar Branch Of The Ulnar Nerve By The Arch Of The Adductor Pollicis
Authors: Comtet J. J. , Quicot L. , Moyen B. 
Published: March 2006

summary A case of palsy of the distal part of the deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve is described. The possibility of an entrapment by the arch of the adductor poilicis is discussed. Anatomical features of this arch are reported.
Fracture Of The Hook Of The Hamate Presenting As Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Manske Paul R. 
Published: March 2006

summary This case report of a fracture of the hook of the hamate presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome emphasizes the importance of a careful physical examination, the necessity for a carpal tunnel roentgenogram and a high degree of suspicion by the surgeon in patients with symptoms of median nerve compression following trauma to the wrist.
Bone Density And The Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Schorn Denys , Hoskinson James , Dickson Robert A. 
Published: March 2006

summary Bone density was studied in ten patients before and after release of an idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. A corticomedullary ratio was measured at the mid-point of the metacarpals and proximal phalanges of both hands. There was a significant increase in the mean bone density over the period of observation in the thumb and middle finger metacarpals and in the index, middle, and ring finger proximal phalanges of the operated hand. Ther was no significant increase in the density of either metacarpal or proximal phalanx on the non-operated side. Release of the carpal tunnel syndrome provides not only symptomatic relief but also leads to increased bone density.
Dupuytren's Disease — the Influence Of Occupation and Previous Hand Injuries
Authors: Mikkelsen Otto A. 
Published: March 2006

summary The influence of handedness, work and previous hand trauma is studied in 901 persons with Dupuytren's disease, collected in an epidemiological study of 15,950 citizens in a small, Norwegian town. Dupuytren's disease occurred in all occupational groups, but the prevalence was higher and the contracture more severe in people doing hard manual work than in people doing light or non manual work. Persons with Dupuytren's disease had sustained previous hand trauma more frequently than the general population, and the interval between trauma and first sign of disease was usually a few years. Previous hand injuries were definitely more common among people doing hard manual work, but even when these were excluded from the material, Dupuytren's disease was still more common among people doing hard manual work, than in people doing light or non manual work. The study has indicated that Dupuytren's disease in certain cases is precipitated and/or aggravated by both hard work and definite hand injury.
The Length Of Flexor Tendon Grafts
Authors: Mayou B. J. , Harrison S. H. 
Published: March 2006

Summary The distance between the origin of the lumbrical muscle and the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon was measured at surgery in forty-eight patients. It was found that this distance was predictable and could be estimated without measurement prior to operation. A standard technique of flexor tendon grafting is described where this distance equals the length of the tendon graft.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Due To Thrombosed Persisting Median Artery. A Case Report
Authors: Eilat M. Levy , Pauker M. 
Published: March 2006

Summary Surgical intervention for carpal tunnel syndrome in a seventy year old woman revealed thrombosis of a double persisting median artery. The persisting median artery is a rare anomaly and its association with a thrombotic process to cause carpal tunnel syndrome is even rarer. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a widely-known phenomenon about which much has been written in the medical literature. A persisting median artery accompanying the nerve into the carpal tunnel is uncommon, occurring in only about 10% of such cases (Pecket, 1973) and thrombosis of such an artery as a cause for carpal tunnel syndrome is very rare (Burnham, 1963; DeAbreu & Godoy Moreira, 1958). We describe a case in which thrombosis of a double persisting median artery was discovered to be the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome at operation.
Ulnar Neuropathies In Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Upton A. R. M. , Darracott J. , Bianchi F. A. 
Published: March 2006

Summary A loss of functional motor axons in the median and ulnar nerves occurred in half of thirty-three patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Weakness of small hand muscles may predispose to the development of ulnar deviation of the fingers in patients with joint disease at the radio-ulnar and metacarpophalangeal joints. There is no evidence that spasm of small hand muscles is a significant cause of ulnar deviation of the fingers in rheumatoid arthritis. Ulnar deviation of the fingers in rheumatoid arthritis is not due to selective impairment of the ulnar nerve or the deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve even though ulnar deviation of the fingers can occur in association with such lesions and in the absence of joint disease.
Planning Treatment of the Rheumatoid Hand
Authors: Souter William A. 
Published: March 2006

A detailed assessment of the patient as a whole is an essential pre-requisite to the successful planning and execution of surgical treatment of the rheumatoid hand. In particular the decision whether or not to operate must emerge from a careful weighing of the severity of the patient's symptoms, signs and physical disability against the benefits which are likely to accrue from surgical treatment assessed in relation to the patient's own individual requirements. The author presents his personal reflections on the relative merits of the commonly used surgical procedures with reference to their ability to relieve pain, restore function, achieve cosmetic improvement, and prevent further damage, while at the same time carrying minimal risk of further damage to the already impaired function of the hand. Finally, the philosophy which should govern the surgeon – patient relationship during the management of a chronic progressive disease is examined. That it is absolutely essential to establish a sound rapport from early in the surgical programme is strongly emphasised. Some guidelines as to the design of the programme are also provided.
Trapezio-Metacarpal Arthroplasty by Total Prosthesis
Authors: De La Caffiniere J. Y. , Aucouturier P. 
Published: March 2006

Thirty-four total trapezio-matacarpal prostheses have been fitted since 1971. Twenty-eight have had a follow-up for more than six months (up to a maximum of five years) and allow a valid assessment of the situation. The operations were undertaken for rheumatoid, osteoarthritic disease, and following trauma. The reasons were either pain, mechanical instability, or stiffness. Two out of three times results were good. The best results were obtained for pain and stability. Those where the indication was stiffness were less satisfying. There were five cases of loosening of the trapezial cup due to operative errors. The mediocre results in general are caused by incomplete treatment allowing an associated lesion to develop. Greater strictness in the indications and in carrying out of operation ought to ensure better results.
The Histomorphology of the Elastic Tissue System in the Skin of the Human Hand
Authors: Enna Carl D. , Dyer Robert F. 
Published: March 2006

This study compares the effectiveness of the Verhoeff and Puchtler-Sweat resorcin fuschin methods of staining the elastic tissue of palmar and dorsal skin specimens of the human hand. The resorcin fuschin stain demonstrates the “oxytalan” fibres of the elastic tissue system in the dermal papillary layer of the palmar skin. Oxytalan fibres are not generally demonstrated by the Verhoeff method and are not demonstrated in the dorsal skin specimens. These studies substantiate the existence of a system of elastic tissue fibres in the skin of the hand. The inter-relationship of the elastic and collagenous fibres appears to complement each of their functions; namely, in anchoring the dermo-epidermal junction, absorbing the stresses of stretch and compressive forces and return the tissues to their original state of tension, and providing protection to the dermal appendages in addition to lending a gradient mobility transmitted through the dermis to the subcutaneous layer to give suppleness and mobility to the skin.
Causes of Locking Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Thumb and Its Non-Operative Treatment
Authors: Kojima Tadao , Nagano Tetsuya , Kohno Toshihiko 
Published: March 2006

The non-operative method of reduction of locking metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb is described, and illustrated by four case reports. Experimental studies in the hands of a fresh cadaver are also described. Locking of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb can be produced by slight external forces, insufficient to damage strong tissues. Incarceration of the sesamoid bone is anatomically impossible, but incarceration of the proximal portion of the volar plate is believed to be the true cause. This incarceration can be reduced easily by our non-operative method along with intra-articular injection of local anaesthetics.
The Effect of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on the Hand after Fasciectomy
Authors: Hazarika E. Z. , Knight M. T. N. , Frazer-Moodie A. 
Published: March 2006

Thirty-nine patients undergoing surgery for Dupuytren's contracture were included in a fully randomised, matched, prospective trial to evaluate the effect of intermittent compression on the post-operative hand. The study revealed a definite improvement in the treated, over the control patients. There was a distinct decrease in oedema with almost immediate return to normal hand function in the group treated by compression. Other benefits accrued from the earlier subsidence of pain in treated hands requiring reduced or no analgesia and from the earlier expression of fluid discharge from the wound thus preventing haematoma formation and the consequent ills.
Delayed Primary Suture of Flexor Tendons Cut in the Digital Theca
Authors: Matev I. , Karagancheva S. , Trichkova P. , Tsekov P. 
Published: March 2006

The results of delayed primary suture of flexor tendons cut in the digital theca in twenty five patients, thirty three affected fingers, are given. The patients had their skin closed at another hospital immediately after the injury. One to six days later the skin stitches were removed and tendon suture was performed. Excellent and very good results are obtained in 78.7% of all thirty three fingers operated upon.
Congenital Hand Anomalies, and Their Association with other Congenital Abnormalities
Authors: Miura T. 
Published: March 2006

Congenital abnormalities of other parts occurring in patients with congenital abnormalities of the hand were studied. Hands and feet often showed similar anomalies, but there were some cases in which the hands and feet had different kinds of deformity. Anomalies of the internal organs were associated with anomalies of the thumb. Cleft lip and palate occurred in combination with syndactyly, split hand, preaxial Polydactyly and constriction ring syndrome. Combined anomalies may be the result of a genetic or environmental factor interfering with parts developing during the same critical period. The critical period and probable pathogenesis are discussed and the conclusion reached that mesenchymal necrosis, abnormal distribution of mesenchyme and tissue necrosis after mesenchymal condensation may be the pathological changes which lead to abnormal development of the hand.
Surgical Correction of Thumb Deformity in Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Authors: Dangles Chris J. , Bilos Z. John 
Published: March 2006

Four patients underwent surgical correction of five thumb deformities due to arthrogryposis. Although varying degrees of deformity were present, all exhibited adduction contracture, laxity of the ulnar collateral ligament at the metacarpophalangeal joint and absence of the abductor pollicis brevis. Techniques for release of the adduction contracture included Z-plasties or a local flap. Four thumbs had simultaneous opponensplasties performed and repair of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint. The patients have now been followed for an average of twenty-eight months (range 1 1/2 to 3 years). Parents and patients have been pleased with the results.
Tumours of Hand
Authors: Leung P. C. 
Published: March 2006

198 hand tumours were found among 7,552 new cases seen within a period of four years. The diagnostic problems are discussed, and the treatment of the different types of tumour described. The ganglia were specially followed-up for 1–4 years in order to detect the rate of early recurrence. This is found to occur in 8% of cases. Careful planning and adequate local excision were emphasised.
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protruberans Arising on the Hand
Authors: Wirman J. A. , Sherman S. , Sullivan M. R. 
Published: March 2006

Dermatofibrosarcoma is a relatively common, locally aggressive, soft tissue fibrous histiocytoma. Ignorance of its marked propensity for locally invasive growth can lead to inadequate excision, and patients often suffer multiple recurrences. We present a case of dermatofibrosarcoma arising on the hand, and discuss its natural history and proper surgical therapy.
“The Vibrometer” an Electro Magnetic Transducer as an Attempt to Examine Sensibility of the Hand In Quantitative Terms
Authors: Mansat M. , Delprat J. , Delprat J. M. 
Published: March 2006

Large myelinated nerve fibres are quick adapting, and mediate moving touch or vibration sensation. The study of their junction is valuable in sensory evaluation and re-education. An instrument is described which allows measurement in terms of decibels of the thresholds at which the sensation is felt in the skin of the hand. This is done for value of thirty and two hundred and fifty six cycles per second. Improvement of sensation as recovery progresses can be recorded as the decibel values fall.
Effect of the Immunological Antigenicity of the Allogeneic Tendons on Tendon Grafting
Authors: Minami A. , Ishii S. , Ogino T. , Oikawa T. , Kobayashi H. 
Published: March 2006

The authors have investigated the immunological rejection responses against allogeneic tendon tissue using two strains of inbred rats. A complement dependent cytotoxicity test and an absorbing test were used. The results indicate that the rat tendon tissue contained major histo-compatibility antigens, that this was largely present in tendon cell components, and that collagen showed little or no response.
Form and Function of Radioulnar Articular Disc
Authors: Mohiuddin A. , Janjua M. Z. 
Published: March 2006

1. The human radioulnar articular disc is a shelf extended medially from articular cartilage on carpal facet of radius. 2. Its medial border is embedded in the wedge of vascular connective tissue which contains fine arcuate ligamentous bands joining the disc to the ulna and articular capsule. 3. The ventral and dorsal borders are loosely attached to short ligaments which go from radius to the inner surface of articular capsule. 4. These arrangements permit radius and disc to rotate on ulna freely during pronation and supination.
The Diagnostic Value of Displacement of the Fat Stripe in Fracture of the Scaphoid Bone
Authors: Cetti R. , Christensen S-E. 
Published: March 2006

Soft tissue abnormalities on radiological examination can be useful in evaluating injury to various regions. In a retrospective study of X-ray pictures of 125 patients with injury to the wrist, it was possible to demonstrate an abnormal scaphoid fat stripe (SFS) in seventy-three out of seventy-eight cases with fracture of the scaphoid bone, compared to ten out of forty-seven cases without fracture.
A Review of the Long Term Results of Electric Bar Fire Burns of the Hand in Children
Authors: Olney D. B. 
Published: March 2006

This paper reports on the long term problems of a group of patients who had sustained burns to the palmar aspect of one or both hands between eleven and eighteen years previously. Two of the eight patients who were re-examined had abnormalities of bony development in the hand. It is thought that the contracted scars resulting from the injury affect the growth of the bones of the hand. As development of contracted scars can develop at any time until growth of the hand is complete it is necessary to follow up these children until they reach maturity.