bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of magnetized thick disks around black holes and boson stars
Authors: Gjorgjieski Kristian , Kunz Jutta , Nedkova Petya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBoson stars are considered as promising candidates for black hole mimickers. Similar to other compact objects they can form accretion disks around them. The properties of these disks could possibly distinguish them from other compact objects like black holes in future observations. Retrograde thick disks around boson stars and the influence of strong magnetic fields on them were already studied and it was shown that they can harbor very distinct features compared to black hole disks. However, the case of prograde thick disks is mostly unexplored, since they may appear much more similar to black hole disks. In this work we will investigate similarities and differences regarding prograde thick disks around non-selfinteracting rotating boson stars and rotating black holes. We assume thereby a polytropic equation of state and a constant specific angular momentum distribution of the disks. We classify the various conceivable boson star and black hole solutions by a dimensionless spin parameter a and compare their corresponding disk solutions. The influence of toroidal magnetic fields on the disks is analyzed by selected disk properties, as the rest-mass density distribution and the Bernoulli parameter. Disk solutions are characterized by their degree of magnetization represented by the magnetization parameter $$\beta _{mc}$$

β

mc

. We found that strong magnetic fields can strengthen the differences of disk solutions or oppositely even lead to a correlation in disk properties, depending on the spin parameter of the boson star and black hole solutions. We identify the vertical thickness of the boson star disks as the main differentiating factor, since for most solutions the vertical density distribution is far more outreaching for boson star disks compared to black hole disks.
A MODEL ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP, ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP, AND THE INNOVATION PROCESS
Authors: MUTABELEZI WENDY MUTIMBWA , SETHIBE TEBOGO 
Published: March 2024

To enhance competitiveness, organisations should excel in adopting new business processes and ensuring the successful implementation of innovative projects. This study examined the impact of transformational, transactional, and entrepreneurial leadership styles on the innovation process, with a focus on employee innovative behaviour and the climate for innovation as mediating factors. A total of 303 participants from three organisations in the financial services sector (banking and insurance) in Namibia took part in the study. The findings suggest that employing transactional and entrepreneurial leadership styles proves beneficial for fostering innovation within organisations. Specifically, entrepreneurial leadership demonstrates positive effects on both employees’ innovative behaviour and the establishment of an innovation-friendly climate. The study reveals that a conducive climate for innovation significantly contributes to overall innovation. Moreover, the results indicate that only the climate for innovation serves as a significant mediator in the relationship between transactional leadership and the innovation process, as well as between entrepreneurial leadership and the innovation process.
Association Between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies With a Quantitative Bias Analysis of Uncontrolled Confounding
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Nianogo Roch A. , Janzen Carla , Fei Zhe , Seamans Marissa J. , Wen Renee , Li Xiang , Chen Liwei 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Whether individuals with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) had an increased risk of hypertension remains unclear. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to examine the association between GDM and hypertension and performed a quantitative bias analysis to quantify the impact of uncontrolled confounding due to antenatal psychological stress.

METHODS:
We searched databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, and Web of Science) through 2022/11. Eligible studies were cohort studies that reported the association of GDM with hypertension. We assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. We pooled adjusted risk ratios with 95% CIs using a random effects model. We performed the quantitative bias analysis using the bias formula.

RESULTS:
We included 15 cohort studies, with a total of 3 959 520 (GDM, 175 378; non-GDM, 3 784 142) individuals. During the follow-up of 2 to 20 years, 106 560 cases of hypertension were reported. We found that GDM was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (pooled risk ratio, 1.78 [95% CI, 1.47, 2.17]). The risk ratio was lower among cohorts assessing incident (1.58 [95% CI, 1.29, 1.95]) than prevalent hypertension (2.60 [95% CI, 2.40, 2.83]). However, other subgroup analyses showed no differences. The quantitative bias analysis revealed that if the uncontrolled confounder of antenatal psychological stress was additionally adjusted, the positive association between GDM and hypertension would attenuate slightly (≤18%) but remains positive.

CONCLUSIONS:
Limitations of this study included residual confounding and discrepancies in GDM and hypertension ascertainments. Our findings indicate that GDM is positively associated with hypertension after the index pregnancy.
Endogenous preparatory control is associated with increased interaction between default mode and dorsal attention networks
Authors: Egan Max K. , Costines Cyril , D’Esposito Mark , Sadaghiani Sepideh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that cognitive control requires integration across large-scale brain networks anchored in frontal and parietal cortices. While the functional role of individual networks has been studied extensively, their cross-network interactions in the service of cognitive control are poorly understood. Beyond in-the-moment regulation of goal-relevant information processing (e.g., of sensory information), cognitive control encompasses preparatory processes in anticipation of upcoming stimuli and actions. Such preparatory control is often endogenous, that is, it is based on internal representations without relying on external cues or events. Here, we assessed network interactions that support such endogenously driven preparatory control. We recorded fMRI (N = 25) during a perceptual decision task with highly variable intertrial intervals. In half of the blocks, trial onset was cued, while in the remaining blocks, participants maintained readiness without relying on cues. We studied endogenous preparatory control in the intertrial period preceding uncued (vs. cued) trials. Behavioral outcomes confirmed heavier cognitive control demands in the uncued condition. Endogenous preparatory control was associated with increased activity of the dorsal attention network (DAN). This contrasted with in-the-moment control over stimulus-response processing during the trial itself, which was supported foremost by the right-hemispheric fronto-parietal network (FPN). Cross-network interactions were strengthened exclusively during endogenous preparatory control; the default mode network (DMN) showed more positive connectivity with the DAN and to a lesser degree the cingulo-opercular network (CON). Our results demonstrate that cross-networks interactions are particularly important for endogenously driven preparatory control. They further suggest that the DMN may be implicated in internally harnessing resources for cognitive control. This notion extends the DMN’s known role in internally-oriented processing to the domain of cognitive control when preparation cannot be aided by external events.
Natural Will in John of Damascus’ De duabus Christi voluntatibus
Authors: Krausmüller Dirk 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on John of Damascus’ treatise De duabus Christi voluntatibus, which seeks to establish the meaning of the concept of the ‘natural will’. John’s argument is dependent on the opuscula of Maximus. Yet he does not always follow Maximus’ lead. He claims that the mode of willing is always related to sin whereas willing of the good is natural. This refers not only to the irreproachable passions, which in Maximus’ Christology are needed to give a positive interpretation of Christ’s fear of death, but also to Christ’s eventual obedience to God. John makes it clear that this also applies to ordinary human beings. Obedience is in their case the free and self-determining decision to subject themselves to God as their natural lord and master. John gives the impression that the knowledge about the proper relationship between God and the human being is as spontaneous as the irreproachable passions.
Mass Atrocities against Indigenous Peoples: Atrocity Structure and the Brazilian Amazon under Bolsonaro
Authors: de Belmont Lucas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Throughout the four years of his presidency, President Jair Bolsonaro implemented policies, sponsored initiatives, and promoted discourses that were fundamentally detrimental to indigenous peoples in Brazil. This resulted in the most acute and irreconcilable disparity in interests between settlers and indigenous communities over the control of land in the Amazon, a dispute which is at the core of the eruption of the anti-indigenous atrocity structure existent in Brazil in the 21st century. As a result, the Amazonian indigenous peoples were victims of several mass atrocities, consisting of destructive, exterminatory, persecutory, and other inhumane acts, especially through invasion, deforestation, contamination, and deprivation of health care. This article explains and analyses each pillar of this atrocious process.
Understanding Rural Migration in the Mid-Twentieth Century: Examining Dimensions of Social Change and their Effects in Cisternino, a Southern Italian Town
Authors: Vezzoli Simona 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article examines the migration transition in Cisternino, a rural town in Southern Italy, after the Second World War, and analyses the social changes that influenced the observed migration shifts. Based on archival research, statistics and primary data, the article presents the town and its migration patterns before and after the Second World War. It then examines the town’s main social changes over the 1950–1990 period, and shows that three processes explain the changing migration patterns: the expansion of the state, cultural transformations and the restructuring of the local economy. The article shows that, after the war, migration became an adaptation strategy in reaction to rapid societal changes, including new aspirations among local residents. Therefore, migration became of vital importance at a time of high uncertainty. The article also shows the many ways in which, at crucial moments of transition, the state affected local livelihoods and people’s decision to either adapt locally or migrate.
Lab-grown insect meat – Chemical and biological insights – A comprehensive review
Authors: Siddiqui S.A. , Ngah N. , Wu Y.S. , Kalita T. , Yudhistira B. , Ibrahim S.A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Lab-grown insect meat is a promising alternative to traditional livestock for sustainable food production. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding lab-grown insect meat, emphasizing key aspects such as life cycle assessment, insect cell culture history, technological advancements, and bio-robotics in insect cell culture. Comparisons and challenges between insect and mammalian/avian cell culture methodologies are presented. The nutritional content of edible insects (proximate, amino acid, mineral, and vitamin content) and the potential health benefits of consuming insect meat are discussed. The paper also explores embryonic and adult myogenesis processes in insect cells, as well as the significance of insect body fat and muscle cells in culture. Applications of insect cell culture in various fields, such as food production and pharmaceutical development, are presented. Moreover, the potential occurrence of mutations in lab-grown insect cells is examined. Lastly, the review addresses the drawbacks and limitations of insect labriculture, discussing factors such as scalability, cost-efficiency, and public acceptance. Overall, this comprehensive review provides essential insights into the chemical and biological aspects of lab-grown insect meat, paving the way for further research and development in this emerging field. This article is the first review article reporting the chemical and biological insights of lab-grown insect meat.
The Entangled Histories of the Nobel Prize in Literature and PEN
Authors: Sneis Jørgen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Drawing on archival records, this paper explores the interrelation and modes of interaction between two major institutions of world literature: the Nobel Prize and PEN, with special attention paid to Swedish PEN and its activities from 1950 into the 1970s. While the Nobel Prize lent prestige to the newly founded PEN Club in the 1920s, insofar as Nobel laureates were recruited as honorary members, PEN in turn – and Swedish PEN in particular – became a highly successful nominator of candidates for the Nobel Prize from 1950 onwards. A striking correspondence between the activities of Swedish PEN and the Swedish Academy’s decisions suggests that the academy oriented itself towards PEN and the circuits of recognition it (re)presented in awarding the Nobel Prize. It also points to the significance of networks and value brokers on a local level and what might be called the ‘glocal’ management of the Nobel Prize.
What Is a ‘World Academy’?
Authors: Richter Max 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article discusses one of the first books nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, Franz Kemény’s Entwurf einer internationalen Gesammt-Academie: Welt-Academie (1901), and how it relates to questions about institutions and infrastructures of world literature. It demonstrates the thematic relationship between Kemény’s draft and early discussions on how to organize the selection process of the Nobel Prize and shows that the connection between text and prize consists of more layers than merely the formal nomination. Kemény’s book, as this article shows, addresses the prize founder as well as the executing institution in its paratextual framing, rates the Nobel Institute’s possible impact and gives further insight into how global infrastructures of literature were imagined at the time of the Nobel Prize’s establishment.
Scandinavian Imperialism
Authors: Lauesen Torkil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article is about Scandinavia—mainly Sweden’s—integration into and role within global capitalism. I focus on Sweden because it is the most important in economic terms; and “the Swedish model” is the ideal type of capitalist welfare state and social democracy there is most advanced. It covers the period from colonialism to present-day global commodity chains. It also describes the impact of imperialism on the working class in this process. Finally, it takes up Scandinavia’s current role in the imperialist system. The Scandinavian country’s economic and political systems cannot be understood without this long and global perspective. The development of global capitalism has significantly influenced the national contradictions that have come to define the “Scandinavian model.”
Sinonasal Tumors Masquerading as Invasive Fungal Sinusitis (IFS)
Authors: Pak Kaitlynne Y. , Hsue Victor B. , Lee Matthew K. , Chen Michelle M. , Balzer Bonnie , Wu Arthur W. , Tang Dennis M. 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Fungal tissue invasion in the setting of sinonasal malignancy has been rarely described in the literature. Only a handful of studies have discussed cases of suspected chronic and acute IFS (CIFS and AIFS, respectively), having an underlying undifferentiated sinonasal carcinoma, sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma, and NK/T-cell lymphoma. Methods: Here, we describe 3 cases of carcinoma mimicking IFS from a single institution. Results: Each of our patients presented with sinonasal complaints as an outpatient in the setting of immunosuppression. Intranasal biopsies consistently were predominated by necrotic debris, with and without fungal elements, ultimately leading to a delay of oncologic care. The final pathologies included NK/T-cell lymphoma and SNEC. All patients were followed by radiation and chemotherapy, with 1 case of mortality. Conclusions: We aim to emphasize the importance of obtaining viable tissue as pathology specimens as the presence of necrosis with fungal elements may limit the diagnosis and ultimately delay the care of an underlying sinonasal carcinoma.
Evaluating the Screening and Enrollment of People at Risk of HIV in Mexico’s Preexposure Prophylaxis Demonstration Project, 2018-2020
Authors: Vermandere Heleen , Martínez-Silva Gisela , Aguilera-Mijares Santiago , Martínez-Dávalos Araczy , Bautista-Arredondo Sergio 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Screening tools in which participants self-report sexual behaviors can identify people at risk of HIV acquisition for enrollment in preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We compared enrollment outcomes (ie, receiving PrEP vs being excluded by a counselor or declining PrEP) in Mexico’s PrEP demonstration project and evaluated the validity of a 4-criteria PrEP eligibility tool in which participants self-reported risk behavior—having condomless anal sex, transactional sex, a partner living with HIV, or a sexually transmitted infection—as compared with PrEP eligibility assessed by a counselor. Methods: We recruited men who have sex with men and transwomen who were offered PrEP services in Mexico. We characterized participants according to enrollment outcome and identified underlying factors through logistic regression analyses. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the self-reported risk criteria, using the counselor’s risk assessment as the point of reference. Results: Of 2460 participants, 2323 (94%) had risk criteria of HIV acquisition according to the 4-criteria tool; 1701 (73%) received PrEP, 247 (11%) were excluded by a counselor, and 351 (15%) declined PrEP despite being considered eligible by the counselor. Participants who were excluded or who declined PrEP were less likely to report HIV risk behaviors than those who received PrEP, and participants who declined PrEP were more likely to be transwomen (vs men who have sex with men) and aged ≤25 years (vs >25 y). The 4-criteria risk tool had high sensitivity (98.6%) and low specificity (29.8%). Conclusion: The screening tool identified most participants at risk of HIV acquisition, but counselors’ assessment helped refine the decision for enrollment in PrEP by excluding those with low risk. Public health strategies are needed to enhance enrollment in PrEP among some groups.
Perceptions of Clinical Experience and Scientific Evidence in Medical Decision Making: A Survey of a Stratified Random Sample of Swedish Health Care Professionals
Authors: Dewitt Barry , Persson Johannes , Wallin Annika 
Published: March 2024

Background Evidence-based medicine recognizes that clinical expertise gained through experience is essential to good medical practice. However, it is not known what beliefs clinicians hold about how personal clinical experience and scientific knowledge contribute to their clinical decision making and how those beliefs vary between professions, which themselves vary along relevant characteristics, such as their evidence base. Design We investigate how years in the profession influence health care professionals’ beliefs about science and their clinical experience through surveys administered to random samples of Swedish physicians, nurses, occupational therapists, dentists, and dental hygienists. The sampling frame was each profession’s most recent occupational registry. Results Participants ( N = 1,627, 46% response rate) viewed science as more important for decision making, more certain, and more systematic than experience. Differences among the professions were greatest for systematicity, where physicians saw the largest gap between the 2 types of knowledge across all levels of professional experience. The effect of years in the profession varied; it had little effect on assessments of importance across all professions but otherwise tended to decrease the difference between assessments of science and experience. Physicians placed the greatest emphasis on science over clinical experience among the 5 professions surveyed. Conclusions Health care professions appear to share some attitudes toward professional knowledge, despite the variation in the age of the professions and the scientific knowledge base available to practitioners. Training and policy making about clinical decision making might improve by accounting for the ways in which knowledge is understood across the professions. Highlights Study participants, representing 5 health care professions—medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, dentistry, and dental hygiene—viewed science as more important for decision making, more certain, and more systematic than their personal clinical experience. Of all the professions represented in the study, physicians saw the greatest differences between the 2 types of knowledge. The effect of years of professional experience varied but tended to be small, attenuating the differences seen between science and clinical experience.
Subclinical synovitis impact on the progression of lupus joint disease: A 10-year longitudinal multicenter study
Authors: Guillén-Astete Carlos A , Revenga-Martínez Marcelino , Zea-Mendoza Antonio C , Brito-Brito María E , Zurita-Prada Pablo , Urrego-Laurín Claudia , Villalobos-Sánchez Lourdes , García-Montes Nuria , Vázquez-Díaz Mónica 
Published: March 2024

Objective To determine the effect of subclinical synovitis on the progression of joint disease in a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus over a mean follow-up of 10 years. Methods A longitudinal follow-up of 96 patients diagnosed with lupus was performed. All patients were considered clinically free of joint disease or with minimal joint impairment at baseline and were studied through ultrasound study of their dominant hand to assess the prevalence of subclinical synovitis. Now, over 10 years after we contacted them and reviewed their evolution to determine the impact of had or had not been diagnosed with subclinical synovitis in their current joint condition. Results Thirty-one of the 91 reached patients developed clinical progression in their joint manifestations (at least one ordinal degree of worsening). Of these, 23 (74,9%) had demonstrated subclinical synovitis at baseline. In the group of patients who did not progress clinically, 46 (76,6%) did not have this finding at the start of follow-up ( p < .01, OR 9,44 95%CI 3,46–25,74). The patients in whom clinical progression was demonstrated had worse combined ultrasound scores than the rest of the patients: 6,41 SD 1,45 vs. 1,15 SD 0,97 ( p < .01). Conclusions The finding of subclinical synovitis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with the development of joint disease progression both clinically and ultrasonographically.