bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Registration for Articulated Shapes
Authors: Chang Will , Zwicker Matthias 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe present an unsupervised algorithm for aligning a pair of shapes in the presence of significant articulated motion and missing data, while assuming no knowledge of a template, user‐placed markers, segmentation, or the skeletal structure of the shape. We explicitly sample the motion, which gives a priori the set of possible rigid transformations between parts of the shapes. This transforms the problem into a discrete labeling problem, where the goal is to find an optimal assignment of transformations for aligning the shapes. We then apply graph cuts to optimize a novel cost function, which encodes a preference for a consistent motion assignment from both source to target and target to source. We demonstrate the robustness of our method by aligning several synthetic and real‐world datasets.
Spectral Conformal Parameterization
Authors: Mullen Patrick , Tong Yiying , Alliez Pierre , Desbrun Mathieu 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe present a spectral approach to automatically and efficiently obtain discrete free‐boundary conformal parameterizations of triangle mesh patches, without the common artifacts due to positional constraints on vertices and without undue bias introduced by sampling irregularity. High‐quality parameterizations are computed through a constrained minimization of a discrete weighted conformal energy by finding the largest eigenvalue/eigenvector of a generalized eigenvalue problem involving sparse, symmetric matrices. We demonstrate that this novel and robust approach improves on previous linear techniques both quantitatively and qualitatively.
A Local/Global Approach to Mesh Parameterization
Authors: Liu Ligang , Zhang Lei , Xu Yin , Gotsman Craig , Gortler Steven J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe present a novel approach to parameterize a mesh with disk topology to the plane in a shape‐preserving manner. Our key contribution is a local/global algorithm, which combines a local mapping of each 3D triangle to the plane, using transformations taken from a restricted set, with a global “stitch” operation of all triangles, involving a sparse linear system. The local transformations can be taken from a variety of families, e.g. similarities or rotations, generating different types of parameterizations. In the first case, the parameterization tries to force each 2D triangle to be an as‐similar‐as‐possible version of its 3D counterpart. This is shown to yield results identical to those of the LSCM algorithm. In the second case, the parameterization tries to force each 2D triangle to be an as‐rigid‐as‐possible version of its 3D counterpart. This approach preserves shape as much as possible. It is simple, effective, and fast, due to pre‐factoring of the linear system involved in the global phase. Experimental results show that our approach provides almost isometric parameterizations and obtains more shape‐preserving results than other state‐of‐the‐art approaches.We present also a more general “hybrid” parameterization model which provides a continuous spectrum of possibilities, controlled by a single parameter. The two cases described above lie at the two ends of the spectrum. We generalize our local/global algorithm to compute these parameterizations. The local phase may also be accelerated by parallelizing the independent computations per triangle.
Pointwise radial minimization: Hermite interpolation on arbitrary domains
Authors: Floater M. S. , Schulz C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new kind of Hermite interpolation on arbitrary domains, matching derivative data of arbitrary order on the boundary. The basic idea stems from an interpretation of mean value interpolation as the pointwise minimization of a radial energy function involving first derivatives of linear polynomials. We generalize this and minimize over derivatives of polynomials of arbitrary odd degree. We analyze the cubic case, which assumes first derivative boundary data and show that the minimization has a unique, infinitely smooth solution with cubic precision. We have not been able to prove that the solution satisfies the Hermite interpolation conditions but numerical examples strongly indicate that it does for a wide variety of planar domains and that it behaves nicely.
Beyond Facts and Figures: The Role of Emotions in Boardroom Dynamics
Authors: Brundin Ethel , Nordqvist Mattias 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTManuscript Type: EmpiricalResearch Question/Issue: We address the call for qualitative research in order to better understand the micro‐level dynamics of board work. Our aim is to investigate the role of emotions when board members interact to perform the board's control and service tasks.Research Findings/Results: Empirical accounts from board meetings and diary notes from a CEO show in detail how emotions work as power energizers and status energizers in boardroom dynamics. We find that short‐term as well as long‐term emotions are a source of energy that affects board work, and that they are influential in the board members' task performance.Theoretical Implications: We provide process insights with process insights to a field dominated by studies of the structures of corporate governance. We disclose the difference between board expectations and board performance, and offer a new understanding as to how and why this difference emerges. Our results also challenge theories that propose that authenticity of emotional displays is necessary in order to achieve a positive outcome in boardroom interactions. The findings also show that confrontation of negative emotions in boardroom communication may alter the power and status relations among board members.Practical Implications: Our study shows that the board members who influence processes in the board are those whose emotional energies are built up and transformed as power and status energizers in line with board task expectations. Being aware, and able to understand the subtle working of emotions in board processes are crucial for being an effective board member.
Corporate Social Responsibility and International Development: Critical Assessment
Authors: Frynas Jędrzej G. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTManuscript Type: ConceptualResearch Question/Issue: This article critically evaluates recent claims about the positive role that corporate social responsibility (CSR) could play in contributing to international development goals such as poverty alleviation and health improvements.Research Findings/Results: The article suggests that many recent claims about the positive contribution of CSR to international development are unjustified based on four arguments: (1) lack of empirical evidence; (2) analytical limitations of CSR; (3) the constraints of the business case for CSR; and (4) unresolved governance questions.Theoretical Implications: On the one hand, the article implies that private firms are unlikely to act as successful development actors without corporate governance reforms, which would align the interests of non‐traditional stakeholders with corporate interests. On the other hand, the article implies that international development priorities may misalign the intrinsic interests of shareholders and company executives.Practical Implications: The current CSR agenda seems inappropriate for addressing international development goals.
Patterns of Compliance with the German Corporate Governance Code
Authors: Talaulicar Till , V. Werder Axel 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTManuscript Type: EmpiricalResearch Question/Issue: This study investigates whether the form of compliance with the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code (GCGC) appears to be idiosyncratic to a specific company or features similarities across firms. The major aim of this research is thus to explore the ability of a classification of compliance patterns to account for the similarities and differences between firms regarding their conformity with the GCGC.Research Findings/Insights: Based on seven dimensions of code compliance, cluster analysis is used to identify discrete groups of companies with similar patterns of code observance. We determine eight patterns of compliance which are characterized by distinct forms of code conformity.Theoretical Academic Implications: The identified cluster solution does not merely reflect the number of rejected code recommendations. Rather, companies with very similar rates of overall compliance with the GCGC are assigned to different clusters because they feature, at the same time, different patterns of code conformity. These findings imply that governance prediction and governance performance studies have to overcome overly aggregated measures of code compliance which only incorporate the number of rejected code recommendations.Practitioner/Policy Implications: This study provides evidence to practitioners and policy makers that firms can be classified regarding their compliance with the code recommendations. In‐depth analyses of the identified patterns of compliance furthermore reveal that some patterns may indicate less well substantiated deviations from the code and partly even decouplings of the declared compliance practices.
Consensual NIMBYs, Contentious NIABYs: Explaining Contrasting Forms of Farmers GMO Opposition in Austria and France
Authors: Seifert Franz 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis article contrasts forms of farmers’ resistance to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in Austria and France. While Austrian farmers take a back seat in public opposition to GMOs, Austria's national GMO policy is designed to protect farmers, particularly organic farmers, by banning the unwanted technology. It thus mitigates both public controversy and the potential framing of the GMO issue which might go beyond a merely defensive ‘not in my back yard’ (NIMBY) rationale. French farmers’ protest, by contrast, is highly argumentative and is very much shaped by farmers’ protests. Its leading voice is the farmers’ union Confédération Paysanne and its spokesman José Bové, who employ spectacular protest strategies involving the destruction of GMO fields and acts of civil disobedience and figure prominently in the anti‐globalisation movement. In discussing the reasons for these differences, the analysis examines two approaches to political opportunity structures: a general and a dynamic, policy‐specific approach.
Not Enough Science or Not Enough Learning? Exploring the Gaps between Leadership Theory and Practice
Authors: Middlehurst Robin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper addresses the relationships between leadership theory, practice and development, drawing on both the higher education and wider leadership literature. It explores why challenges and problems exist within the contested field of leadership theory and why gaps remain between theory and practice after more than a century of research – and indeed, with increasing levels of research, scholarship and development in the last 25 years. After highlighting the importance of context for theory, practice and development, the first section of the paper examines a range of factors that contribute to theoretical ‘contests’ including different starting assumptions made by researchers, the different focus of studies, examination of different causal links to explain leadership, differences in values and cultural lenses and different constructs, terminology and perspectives. The second section examines the challenges faced by leadership practitioners, as individuals, and through exercising leadership as a collective responsibility in the context of changing operating environments within higher education institutions and across sectors and countries. The author highlights three areas where some re‐thinking of the links between theory and practice are necessary – at the input stage, linking research findings and recruitment practices; in terms of outcomes, by researching links between leaders, leadership and performance; and in process terms, to examine more deeply complex and relational dynamic of leadership in action. The third section offers a number of specific suggestions as to how closer alignment between theory, practice and development can be achieved. The paper concludes by arguing for greater maturity (in research, practice and development) that acknowledges that leadership is played out in complex, dynamic and changing social systems. A stronger emphasis on ‘leadership learning’ should deliver both better science and better outcomes for leaders and led in higher education.
MEMORY, MEMORIALS, AND COMMEMORATION1
Authors: KASABOVA ANITA 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTAccording to a popular view, the past is present here and now. This is presentism combined with endurantism: the past continuously persists through time to the present. By contrast, I argue that memories, memorials, and histories are of entities discontinuous with present experiences, and that the continuity between past and present in them is a construct. Memories, memorials, and histories are semantic means for dealing with the past. My presupposition that past and present are different is supported by grammar: as verbal tenses show, the past is not present here and now, for otherwise it would not be past. A failure to note this difference is a lack of chronesthesia, a sense of time specific to human beings. I argue that presentism fails to account for the temporal structures of memory and the changes in perspective as we switch from the present to a past situation. My account is perdurantist in the sense that it allows for temporal parts of things such as memorials or tombstones, as well as events such as wars or commemorations. But my main goal is to outline a semantic approach to the past: the tie between past and present actions and events is the semantic ground–consequence relation: a past event is the antecedent grounding a present situation, explaining why it is the case. In addition, I show how we refer to the past by means of two rhetorical figures of speech: synecdoche, using the (emblematic‐) part‐whole relation for relating the past to the present by transposing its sense; and anaphor, which has a deictic function—it points back toward the past. In references to the past, the deictic field is a scene visualized by the speaker and addressees: the deictic field is transposed from a perceptual to an imaginary space.
MAKING SENSE OF CONCEPTUAL CHANGE
Authors: KUUKKANEN JOUNI‐MATTI 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTArthur Lovejoy's history of unit‐ideas and the history of concepts are often criticized for being historically insensitive forms of history‐writing. Critics claim that one cannot find invariable ideas or concepts in several contexts or times in history without resorting to some distortion. One popular reaction is to reject the history of ideas and concepts altogether, and take linguistic entities as the main theoretical units. Another reaction is to try to make ideas or concepts context‐sensitive and to see their histories as dynamic processes of transformation. The main argument in this paper is that we cannot abandon ideas or concepts as theoretical notions if we want to write an intelligible history of thought. They are needed for the categorization and classification of thinking, and in communication with contemporaries. Further, the criterion needed to subsume historical concepts under a general concept cannot be determined merely on the basis of their family resemblances, which allows variation without an end, since talk of the same concepts implies that they share something in common. I suggest that a concept in history should be seen to be composed of two components: the core of a concept and the margin of a concept. On the basis of this, we can develop a vocabulary for talking about conceptual changes. The main idea is that conceptual continuity requires the stability of the core of the concept, but not necessarily that of the margin, which is something that enables a description of context‐specific features. If the core changes, we ought to see it as a conceptual replacement.
The Laccaria genome: a symbiont blueprint decoded
Authors: Martin Francis , Selosse Marc‐André 
Published: September 2008

Contents

Summary
296

I.
Introduction
297

II.
The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor
297

III.
Sequencing and assembly of the Laccaria bicolor genome
298

IV.
Synteny between genomes of symbiotic and saprotrophic fungi
300

V.
What's there and what's not
300

VI.
Expansion of multigene families
301

VII.
A niche for transposons
301

VIII.
The trading post for symbionts
302

IX.
Saprotrophic capabilities
302

X.
Laccaria secretome
303

XI.
Signalling pathways
304

XII.
Sex genes in Laccaria bicolor
304

XIII.
Impact on the understanding of symbiotic and ecological evolution
305

XIV.
Tools and questions for population genetics and ecological genomics
306

XV.
More genomes of ectomycorrhizal fungi to come
306

XVI.
Conclusions
307

Acknowledgements
307

References
307
Ethnic competition and the logic of party system transformation
Authors: COAKLEY JOHN 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis article adapts and expands a recent model of ethnic competition by exploring its implications over a long period spanning crucial stages in the modernisation of the political system. It illustrates the model by reference to developments in Northern Ireland since its modern party system was launched in the 1880s. This offers an exceptionally clear example of the interaction of central elements of the model: the initial bedding down of a system of bipartisan ethnic competition, with two parties having a remarkable capacity to resist ethnic outbidding; the fragmentation of this system following the introduction of a set of major institutional forms that facilitated ethnic outbidding; and the continuing resilience of ethnically based parties in warding off challenges from groups seeking to prioritise other political dimensions. The model's implications are tested against a comprehensive collection of ecological and survey data.
Teaching Spanish to Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Prince Diana , Nelson Marc 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the effects of teaching medical Spanish to eight PGY1 emergency medicine residents on their subsequent interactions with Spanish‐speaking patients.Methods: Eight PGY1 residents completed a 45‐hour medical Spanish course administered during their first residency month. Thirty‐four subsequent physician‐patient interactions by these residents were audiotaped over a six‐month period at a suburban teaching ED. The tapes were transcribed and analyzed for errors by a professional medical Spanish interpreter and a native Spanish speaker.Results: Minor errors (e.g., technically incorrect grammar or vocabulary with generally appropriate patient understanding) were found in more than half of the interactions and major errors (e.g., misunderstanding duration of symptoms, misunderstanding of vocabulary) were found in 14% of the interactions. In addition, although the course was designed to supplement, not replace, professional interpreters, the residents called for an interpreter only 46% of the time.Conclusion: Although medical language courses may be a useful adjunct to interpreters, they are not designed to replace them. Significant errors may occur when participants in such courses assume their knowledge is sufficient to obtain a good history, give patient release instructions, and provide medical care in general without an interpreter present.
Position of Epicardial Patch Electrodes for Implantable Defibrillation Significantly Affects Shock Strength Requirements
Authors: Knight Bruce H. Ken , Heil John E. , Hahn Stephen J. , Lang Douglas J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the impact of epicardial patch electrode position on internal defibrillation efficacy.Methods: Two mesh patch electrodes (13 cm2) were positioned on the epicardium of acute, isoflurane‐ anesthetized pigs (n = 7, 40–47 kg). Defibrillation efficacy was determined for three different patch positions: P1 = anterior‐basal right ventricle (RV) and lateral‐apical left ventricle (LV); P2 = lateral RV and lateral LV; and P3 = anterior‐basal septal region and posterior‐apical septal region. To quantify defibrillation efficacy, single capacitor discharge, fixed‐tilt (68%) biphasic waveforms were delivered to the heart 10 seconds after initiation of ventricular fibrillation. Initial shock intensities were selected using an up/down protocol. Conversion data were used to construct sigmoidal curves relating probability of defibrillation to energy delivered, peak voltage, and peak current in each animal.Results: Mean peak voltage and current at 50% defibrillation probability were 40% higher for P2 than they were for either P1 or P3 (p < 0.05). Similarly, mean energy delivered was 75% higher for P2. In this pig model, position of epicardial patch electrodes affects defibrillation efficacy.Conclusion: Apical‐to‐basal shock vectors (P1 and P3) yielded significantly lower defibrillation shock strength requirements than did a lateral‐wall‐to‐lateral‐wall vector (P2), which was perpendicular to the intraventricular septum. These data may help explain the disparity in defibrillation thresholds observed in the human population of patients undergoing implantable cardioverter defibrillator testing with epicardial patch electrodes.
Countershock Strength‐Duration Relationship for Myocardial Refractory Period Extension
Authors: Sweeney Robert J. , Gill Robert M. , Reid Philip R. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTObjectives: To determine the strength‐duration relationship for refractory period extension (RPE) in order to understand better the influence of shock waveform on RPE.Methods: In six open‐chest pentobarbital‐anesthetized dogs, the RPE was measured by rectangular transcardiac shocks that produced 2– to 32‐V/cm local voltage gradients at the measurement site. At each intensity, measurements were made for shocks with 2– to 32‐msec durations delivered 30 msec before the end of the tissue refractory period.Results: These shocks produced up to 40% RPE. The RPE varied strongly with shock intensity and duration, with more RPE for stronger or longer shocks. At 32 V/cm, early portions of the shock waveform contributed most to RPE. At 8 and 16 V/cm, later portions made relatively larger contributions that were still smaller than those of the early portions. At 4 V/cm, the contributions to total RPE were spread over the entire waveform. At 2 V/cm, shocks failed to produce significant RPE.Conclusions: For rectangular shock waveforms, the relationship between RPE and duration is approximately linear at low intensity, but at higher intensity greater RPE is produced by earlier, rather than later, portions of the waveform. This may be because RPE by early portions of the waveform changes the effective timing in the refractory period for later portions of the same waveform. These results' provide new insight into the possible role of waveform on defibrillation efficacy.