bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Eosinophil Responses to ACTH in Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: JÄRVINEN PENTTI A. , UUSPÄÄ VEIKKO J. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Thorn's test was carried out, during the first trimester of pregnancy, in ten cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in ten control cases of normal pregnancy.In the cases of hyperemesis, the average initial eosinophil count carried out before the administration of ACTH was slightly higher than in the control series. After the injection of ACTH. 70 per cent of the cases of hyperemesis showed a fall of less than 50 per cent in the number of circulating eosinophils, while in all control cases it was more than 50 per cent.The result seems to suggest the presence of an adaptation disturbance in hyperemesis gravidarum, with an insufficient absolute or relative output of II‐oxycorticosteroids.
Permeability of Placenta of the Guinea Pig to Glucose and Fruetose
Authors: KARVONEN M. J. , RÄIHÄ N. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The permeability of the placenta of guinea pig to fructose and glucose was studied in situ, by infusing the sugar into the maternal circulation or by injecting it into the foetal one.The transfer of fructose in either direction was very much slower than that of glucose. For glucose, there was some suggestion of a more efficient transfer from mother to foetus than rice versa, but this point needs further study.It was concluded that the transfer of glucose through placenta—in both directions—is an “active” process in the guinea pig, similarly as it is known to be in the sheep, in spite of marked differences in carbohydrate metabolism between these two species.
Glucuronic Acid Metabolism in Guinea Pigs
Authors: SIMOLA P. E. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.This report points out the more extensive biochemical significance to the elucidation of the production and mechanism of action of l‐ascorbic acid which may be derived from a detailed study of the glucuronic acid metabolism of the guinea pig.To supplement the deficient information in the literature on the glucuconic acid metabolism of the guinea pig, determinations were made of the glucuronic acid concentration of guinea pig whole blood and serum and the total amount of glucuronic acid daily eliminated into the urine. It was demonstrated that when necessary for the detoxication of a foreign substance the guinea pig is carable of very considerably increasing the glucuronic acid synthesis. In studying the relationship between scurvy and glucuronic acid metabolism it was observed that scurvy seems to have at least no reducing effect on the normal concentrations in the blood and urine. On the contrary, it appeared probable that a tedency to somewhat increasing serum glucuronic acid levels occurred in scurvy.
The Hypothalamus, a Relay Station of the Sympathetic Vasodilator Tract
Authors: ELIASSON SVEN , LINDGREN PERCY , UVNÄS BÖRJE 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The hypothalamo‐collicular extension of the sympathetic vasodilator tract is described. The observations indicate that the vasodilator neurons have svnapses in the hypothalamus. and at some point between the anterior margin of the collicular area and the medulla oblongata.
Note on the Influence of Hydrogen Ion Concentration Upon Swelling of Desheathed Peripheral Nerve
Authors: NYSTRÖM BERTIL , SÖDERBERG ULF 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The swelling of desheathed peripheral frog nerve, soaked in buffered Ringer's solution, is dependent on the pH of the solution and has a minimal value at a pH of about 5. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that the swelling is due to absorption of water by the connective tissue.
Measurement of Total Body Water with Deuterium Oxide and Antipyrine
Authors: LJUNGGREN HÁKAN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The total body water of two healthy subjects was measured simultaneously with deutecium oxide and antipyrine. Within two months seven measurements were performed on one of the subjects and eight on the other. The variability of the deuterium spaces, expressed by the coefficient of variation, was 1.8 and 2.0 per cent. The variability of the antipyrine spaces was 4.5 and 5.4 per cent, respectively.The analytical error of the equilibrium concentration of deuterium was estimated to about one per cent, whereas the average analytical error of the zero‐time concentration of antipyrine amounted to about four per cent. The greater variability of the antipyrine space is probably due to this larger error.The accuracy of the measurement of deuterium oxide concentration by the gradient tube method was investigated. The analytical error was found to be ± 0.0017 grams per cent.
The Influence of Potassium on the Intestinal Absorption
Authors: BUDOLFSEN SV. E. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.In experiments on white rats it has been observed that the addition of potassium to solutions of glucose and sodium chloride causes a decrease of the glucose and the sodium net‐absorption in the distal part of the small intestine, but not in the colon. The effect is supposed to be caused by an unspecific effect on the mucosa.
Reproduction of the 3 per Second Spike and Wave EEG Pattern by Snbcortical Electrical Stimulation in Cats
Authors: INGVAR DAVID H. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. Cortical 3 per second spike and wave activity — resembling the typical EEG potentials of petit mal in man — has been elicited by subcortical electrical stimulation in cats. On stimulation of medial thalamic structures the results in many respects confirm those of Jasper and Droogleever‐Fortuyn (1947).2. The conditions for obtaining cortical “(recruiting responses)” (dempsey and Morison 1942) and spike and wave responses do not seem identical.3. It has not been possible to establish the existence of a definable anatomical or functional anatomical subcortical system — consistent with any known such entity — which, on electrical stimulation, will produce a specific form of bilaterally symmetrical 3 per second spike and wave potentials with a general cortical distribution.4. The results are not consistent with the pace‐maker theory which presumes a brain stem mechanism driving a passive cortex during the petit mal seizure.5. It is emphasized that the reticular system of the brain stem still appears to be the only functional entity known, capable of the wide‐spread influence upon the cortex which is required to explain the generalized disturbance of the EEG during a petit mal seizure.
A Method for the Standardization of Cholecystokinin in Vitro
Authors: HULTMAN ERIC H. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.A method is described for the standardization of cholecystokinin in vitro, correlated with in vivo experiments, and with concurrent testing of the effect on the intestine of impure preparations. The usual intestinal bath technique is used; the gallbladder is placed in one cuvette and a piece of the intestine in another, both organs being taken from the guinea‐pig. The contractions are recorded and read off in mm on a scale.Histamine and choline derivatives, as well as acid and alkaline buffer solutions, are found to produce contractions of both the intestine and the gallbladder in vitro. Ammonium salts also cause contractions of the gallbladder. Even if these sources of error are eliminated, crude preparations of cholecystokinin still cause some intestinal contraction. This effect disappears when the preparations are purified further.In in vivo experiments, the injection of cholecystokinin in the cat under nembutal anesthesia is found to result in a flow of greenish‐black bile from the gallbladder, whereas the above‐mentioned substances in non‐toxic doses cause no reaction.
A Critical Study of Sjöstrand's Method for Determination of Carboxy Hemoglobin, and the Total Hernoglobin Content of the Human Body
Authors: DAHLSTRÖM HANS 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. Rebreathing experiments similar to the procedure in Sjö strand's CO method for determination of blood volume were performed.2. During these experiments blood samples were drawn and analyzed for their CO content with a method which permitted great accuracy even at low COHb values.3. The results were used for the calculation of a factor L, which is an expression of the relative affinities of CO and O2 for hemoglobin during the formation of an additional amount of COHb.4. The results indicate that COHb determinations by analyses of the alveolar air give unreliable results. Determinations of total hemoglobin would occasionally give aberrant results. However, in 5 cases out of 7 the factor L fell within a very narrow range, 219–229. Further investigations will be necessary to explain the reasons for the deviation of the factor L in the other two experiments.
Intrecellular Distribution of Brain Phospholipidesl
Authors: PETERSEN V. POSBORG , SCHOU MOGENS 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Total phospholipide, sphingomyelin, cephalin, and lecithin have been determined in rat brain homogenate and in the various cellular fractions obtained by differential centrifugation in isotonic sucrose.It was found that the concentration of all phospholipide fractions, expressed per mg total nitrogen, was considerably lower in the supernatant fluid than in any of the particle fractions. Sphingomyelin and cephalin were localized mainly in the mitochondria (large granules), whereas the concentration of lecithin was highest in the microsomes (small granules). The phospholipide composition of the nuclei could not be established satisfactorily, since this fraction was too impure.Comparison between brains from normal rats and rats in insulin coma revealed no differences in the phospholipide composition of the various cellular fractions.
Studies on the Activc Transport of Lithium in the Isolated Frog Skin
Authors: ZERAHN K. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The transport of lithium ions by the isolated surviving frog skin has been studied. By using the technique of short‐circuiting the skin it was first shown that the usual equality of net sodium transport and short‐circuit current was disturbed and, secondly, that this disturbance can be accounted for by the quantity of lithium which has passed through the skin plus the quantity which has accumulated in the skin. It was further demonstrated that lithium arid sodium compete on an equal basis in the transport process. Finally the ability of the frog skin to move lithium against an electrochemical gradient was shown, thus establishing the active nature of lithium transport.
On n Fibrinolytic Enzyme in the Perilymph of Sharks
Authors: JENSEN C. E. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The perilymph of the piked dogfish contains a fibrinolytic enzyme which is destroyed by incubation for 12 hours at 37° C. The enzyme has its maximum activity at 20°C.I am indebted to Dr. Tage Astrup, Biological Institute, Carls‐berg Foundation, to Professor J. A. Christiansen and to Dr. Thure Vilstrup for valuable advice and encouragement. The photograph is due to A. E. Lansner, Chemical Engineer.
On the Innervation of the Submaxillary Gland Cells in Cats
Authors: EMMELIN N. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The opinion usually given in the literature that in the sub‐maxillary gland of the cat one group of secretory cells is controlled by parasympathetic, another by sympathetic fibres has been tested experimentally.When the gland is secreting in response to supramaximal stimulation of the chorda tympani sympathetic stimulation does not further accelerate the flow, even if it is able to cause an abundant flow of saliva when given alone.The results of the experiments do not agree with the current conception of the innervation but support the view of Langenskiöld (1941), founded on electrophysiological investigations, that “all secretory cells in the submaxillary gland that are innervated by the sympathetic are also innervated by the chorda”.
Blood Flow and Rate of‘ Secretion in the Submaxillary Gland
Authors: EMMELIN N. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The secretion of saliva from the submaxillary gland of the cat which is obtained on supraniaximal stimulation of the chorda tympani is usually diminished by simultaneous stimulation of the sympathetic trunk in the neck. The following observations indicate this effect to be a result of the diminished blood supply brought about by stimulation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibres. The effect is obtained only in those cases in which the Sympathetic stimulation reduces the blood flow and it is bigger the more pronounced this reduction is. It increases when the vasoconstrictor effect is enlarged by the injection of chlorproma‐zine. It disappears when the vasoconstrictor action is abolished by Priscol. The chorda secretion is correspondingly reduced by procedures which diminish the blood flow through the gland to about the same extent as sympathetic stimulation.The gland secreting at a maximal rate seems to be relatively susceptible to reduction of the blood flow, moderate and short‐lasting diminution of the intense hyperemia causing a decrease in the rate of secretion.
Sympathicolytic Agents Used to Separate Secretory and Vascular Effects of Sympathetic Stimulation in the Submaxillary Gland
Authors: EMMELIN N. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The effect of some sympathicolytic agents on the secretory and vascular responses to sympathetic stimulation in the submaxillary gland of the cat has been investigated. With chlorpromazine it is possible to abolish the secretory effect, leaving the constriction intact. Regitin has a similar but far less selective effect. Priscol abolishes the constriction, sparing the secretion. Dihydroergotamine and Antistin both affect the secretion and the constriction to the same extent. The vasodilatation which is obtained on sympathetic stimulation is closely connected with the secretion and very likely due to metabolites with vasodilator action.
A Comparative Study of Bradykinin mid Substance P
Authors: PERNOW BENGT , SILVA MAURICIO ROCHA E. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. The evidence that bradykinin and substance P represent separate substances is based on counter‐current, electrophoretic and pharmacological studies.2. On paper electrophoresis bradykinin and substance P both migrate to the cathode at pH 4. Two peaks of activity are obtained due to differences in mobility.3. Owing to different distribution coefficients between butanol and acetic acid/water bradykinin and substance P give two separate peaks of activity in the counter‐current distribution.4. Bradykinin and substance P present clear differences in pharmacological actions. The conbracting effect of bradykinin in smooth muscle preparations is slower than that of substance P. The hen caecum is very sensitive to substance P but rather insensitive to bradykinin. The depressor action of substance P is more pronounced than that of bradykinin.
Transport Form of 14C‐decmoic Acid in Ports and Inferior Vena Cava Blood during Absorption in the Rat
Authors: BORGSTRÖM BENGT 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Decanoic acid‐l‐14C was fed to rats and the radioactivity of different lipid fractions of the portal vein blood and the inferior vena cava blood were studied in two experiments.The concentration of lipid‐14C was found to be 4.0 and 2.3 as high in the portal blood as in the inferior vena cava blood.The largest part of the 14C‐activity in the portal blood as well as in the inferior cava blood was found in the form of free decanoic acid; the figures for portal blood being 63.5 and 73.7 per cent of the total activity as the free acid.The concentration of free 14C‐decanoic acid in the portal blood during absorption was calculated to be 4–5 mg per cent.
Pharmacological Effects of Humulone on Cats and Rabbits
Authors: SÖDERBERG ULF , WACHTMEISTER CARL‐A‐XEL 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. Humulone, a well known constituent of hops has been tested on cats and rabbits.2. 3 mg humulone/kg body weight injected intravenously into cats produced instantaneously a 100% increase in oxygen consumption, followed by a gradual rise in body temperature.3. Blood pressure was only slightly affected. The amplitude of respiration was increased and when the body temperature reached a level of 42°C temperature polypnoea appeared.4. Death from lethal doses of humulone was probably caused by the increased body temperature which could exceed 45°C in the cat. After death the animals rapidly developed an abnormally severe rigor mortis. This effect, which was also seen in curarized cats, is similar to the well‐known action of the dinitrophenols.5. Large doses of humulone also produced glycosuria and haematuria.6. Rabbits were more resistant than cats to humulone.7. Liverless animals were more sensitive to humulone than those with intact liver.8. The actions of humulone in animals are on the whole very similar to those of usnic acid and dinitrophenols.
Occurrence and Variation of Arginine Phosphate during Insect Metamorphosis
Authors: PETTERSSON INGA 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Arginine phosphate has been demonstrated not only in the imago but also in the prepupa and in the pupa of the fly Calliphora erythrocephala.With the aid of paper chromatography and colorimetric deter minations the relative amount of phosphagen arginine during different stages from prepupa to imago has been followed.The variation found is discussed in relation to the energy metabolism during insect metamorphosis.
Influence of Various Levels of Dietary Cholesterol on the Cholesterol Content of Certain Organs and of Bile of Chicks Fed Fat‐free and Peanut Oil Containing Diets
Authors: DAM HENRIK , PRANGE INGE , SØNDERGAARD EBBE 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The dietary cholesterol level above which accumulation could be demonstrated in liver, spleen, aorta and bile was somewhere between 0.1% and 0.33% for diets with 10% peanut oil.This limit also holds for fat‐free diets as far as liver, spleen, and probably also aorta are concerned, whereas in the case of bile only an increase of low significance was found as the dietary cholesterol varied from 0 to 1%.The increases found with fat‐free diets were in all cases much smaller than those found when the diet contained 10 % peanut oil.The cholesterol values for liver corresponding to 0 and 0.1% of dietary cholesterol were significantly higher when the diet was fat‐free than when it contained 10% peanut oil.
The Intestinal Absorption of Phospholipids in the Rat
Authors: BLOMSTRAND ROLF 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The intestinal absorption of phospholipids has been studied after feeding rats with lymph fistulas phospholipids containing A. oleic acid‐l‐14C, B. palmitic acid‐l‐14C and 14C‐glycerol or C. palmitic acid‐l‐14C and 32P.The recoveries of the absorbed radioactivity in the thoracic duct lymph was about the same whether 14C‐labelled palmitic acid or 14C‐labelled oleic acid was incorporated into the phospholipids administered. The major part of the activity in the lymph lipids was associated with the glycerides, but after feeding, phospholipids containing either labelled palmitic acid or labelled oleic acid, a significantly greater amount of activity was obtained in the phospholipids than after feeding these acids as glycerides or as the free acid.A small amount of the lymph glyceride glycerol is derived from the fed phospholipid glycerol suggesting a synthesis from a partial glyceride.The relative specific activity of the lymph phospholipid glycerol was about 30 per cent indicating that a significant amount of the fed phospholipids had been absorbed without previous splitting of the glycerol phosphate linkages. The experiments with 32P‐labelled phospholipids support this suggestion.The experimental data thus indicate that a very extensive hydrolysis of the phospholipids takes place during the absorption process, but also that complete hydrolysis does not necessarily occur.
On the Intestinal Absorption of Phospholipids in the Rat in the Absence of Bile
Authors: BLOMSTRAND ROLF 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The intestinal absorption of phospholipids containing 14C‐labelled fatty acids has been studied in rats with both the thoracic duct and the bile duct cannulated.In the absence of bile from the intestine about 68 per cent of the fed activity is absorbed, indicating that bile is not obligate for the absorption of fatty acids fed incorporated into phospholipids. Only about one third of the absorbed labelled fatty acids were transported via the thoracic duct as compared with the normal condition.The incorporation of the absorbed fatty acids into the neutral fat and the phospholipids of the lymph showed the same distribution whether bile was present or not.
Effects of Insulin and Muscular Exercise upon the Uptake of Hexoses by Muscle Cells
Authors: HUYCKE E. J. , KRUHØFFER P. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Insulin has been found to increase the rate at which D‐galactose is lost from the extracellular space of perfused hind limb preparations of cats.Electric induction of muscle contractions in the same preparation also raised the rate of disappearance of D‐glucose and D‐galactose from the extracellular space, but had no such effect on D‐fructose.These and previous findings in this laboratory confirm those obtained by Levine, Goldstein et al. on eviscerated, nephrec‐tomized dogs and thus support the view that insulin and activation of muscle exert selective effects on the uptake of various hexoses by muscle cells.The mode of uptake of sugars by muscle cells is discussed, and it appears that it is still impossible to decide whether sugars can cross the cell boundaries in the free state or only by way of some chemical transformation.While not at all sufficient to cover the augmented metabolic rate, the rise in glucose uptake during muscular activation was still quite appreciable (viz. of the same magnitude as the rate of uptake in the resting preparation) and in the intact organism it must be met by increased glucose output from the liver. The nature of such compensatory reactions is still unknown.
Intestinal Absorption of Tswocholic Acid in the Rat
Authors: SJÖVALL JAN , AKESSON INGRID 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The intestinal absorption of biosynthetic taurocholic acid labelled in the cholic acid part has been studied in animals with bile and lymph fistulas.The absorption was very rapid and most of the administered activity was excreted in the bile during the first hour. Practically no taurocholic is transported via the lymph vessels since only traces of activity were found in the intestinal lymph.
Intestinal Absorption of Cholsnic Acid in the Rat: Bile Acids and Steroids 27
Authors: SJÖVALL JAN , AKESSON INGRID 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The intestinal absorption of cholanic acid‐24‐14C in rats has been studied. In the normal rat about 70 per cent of an administered amount is absorbed. In the rats with lymph fistulas 3–7 per cent of the activity was found in the lymph.The amount of cholanic acid absorbed in rats having both a bile duct and a lymph duct fistula was less than in normal rats. About 10 per cent of the absorbed activity was flounce in the lymph, 90 per cent was excreted in the bile.Factors governing the route of transport after intestinal absorption of fatty acids have been discussed.
The Fluorescence of the Serum in Rats with Alloxan Diabetes and Cataract: II. Spectral Distribution
Authors: BROLIN SVEN ELOV 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The spectral distribution of the serum fluorescence is entirely compatible with the view that fluorescing compounds are deposited in the eye lens, when experimental diabetes gives rise to cataract. In addition to the result made public earlier that the fluorescence of the serum is then raised, a spectral displacement was observed and by statistical calculations found to be probable.