bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering self-efficacy through usability and emotional product design? An explorative study
Authors: Buker Tina , Kamin Stefan T. , van Remmen Judith , Wartzack Sandro , Miehling Jörg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRaising the user’s self-confidence is a promising strategy to reduce product-related user stigma. In the context of product usage, the commonly used term self-confidence refers to the psychological construct of self-efficacy. To strengthen a user’s self-efficacy through product design, providing both good usability and emotionality in a product seems to be a reasonable starting point. However, their suitability and validity for this purpose has not yet been sufficiently assessed. This paper examines whether self-efficacy would be associated with perceptions of a product’s usability and emotionality. By conducting an online survey (n = 105; stigma-sensitive product demonstrator: walker), it was confirmed that the perception of good usability and emotionality of walkers were positively associated with the user’s perceived self-efficacy. Moreover, a negative interaction effect was identified showing that the association between emotionality and self-efficacy increased with lower levels of perceived usability and vice versa. This may indicate that emotions can compensate the importance of usability at least to some extent.
Reduced-order modelling for real-time physics-based variation simulation enhanced with adaptive sampling and optimized interpolation
Authors: Russo Mario Brandon , Franciosa Pasquale , Greco Alessandro , Gerbino Salvatore 
Published: April 2024

AbstractManufacturing industries require a right-first-time paradigm to remain competitive. Variation simulation (VS) is a key tool to predict variation of the final shape of flexible assemblies, allowing to reduce defects and waste. VS models involving compliant sheet-metal parts commonly integrate physics-based simulation with statistical approaches (usually Monte Carlo simulation). Although increasingly used as a backbone of synthesis techniques for (stochastic) optimization of assembly systems, the main roadblock of VS methods is the intense computational costs due to time-intensive simulations and high-dimensional design space. Driven by the need of time reduction, this paper presents an innovative real-time physics-based VS model of assembly systems with compliant sheet-metal parts. The proposed methodology involves a non-intrusive reduced-order model (niROM), empowered by a novel adaptive sampling procedure for dataset generation, and a cross-validation-based optimized radial basis function (RBF) formulation for interpolation. Demonstrated through two case studies—(i) a remote laser welding operation to predict mechanical distortions, with two input parameters, and (ii) the assembly of an aircraft vertical stabilizer with five input parameters—the methodology achieves accurate real-time results, with up to a 43% improvement in accuracy compared to traditional sampling techniques. Findings highlight the critical influence of the sampling strategy and the number of input parameters on ROM accuracy. Better results are reached by employing adaptive sampling in combination with optimum RBF, which additionally disengages the user from the choice of the interpolation settings. This study unlocks new avenues in the field of variation simulation and dimensional/quality monitoring by narrowing the gap between any advanced CAE solver and VS models with real-time physics-based simulations.
Investigation of tool wear and energy consumption in machining Ti6Al4V alloy with uncoated tools
Authors: Younas Muhammad , Khan Mushtaq , Jaffery Syed Husain Imran , Khan Zarak , Khan Nawar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research studies the energy consumption and wear mechanism of carbide cutting tools in dry machining of Ti6Al4V alloy. In the first phase of experiments, full factorial design experiments were employed to study the tool wear rate (R) and specific cutting energy (SCE) with respect to the machining conditions (cutting speed and feed rate). Results showed that machining responses such as tool wear and energy consumption are affected by cutting conditions, thus requiring investigation to understand the wear mechanisms. Therefore, in the second phase, additional experiments were performed to investigate the tool-workpiece interactions at the cutting conditions reported to have low, moderate, and high tool wear. It was revealed that strong adhesion and material transfer between the tool and workpiece caused high wear. Electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of worn tools showed that the transfer of tungsten (W) and cobalt (Co) to the workpiece and titanium to the tool surface is the primary cause of tool deterioration. As a result, diffusion and dissolution have degraded cutting performance and weakened the tool edge, leading to rapid wear. Furthermore, worn tools resulted in relatively higher energy consumption per unit volume of material removed at the tooltip. The degradation of cutting performance and weakening of the tool edge results in rapid wear and higher energy consumption. The study suggests that minimizing tool wear is crucial for energy reduction, improved sustainability, and cleaner production goals in dry machining of titanium-based alloys.
Augmenting bi-objective branch and bound by scalarization-based information
Authors: Bauß Julius , Stiglmayr Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile branch and bound based algorithms are a standard approach to solve single-objective (mixed-)integer optimization problems, multi-objective branch and bound methods are only rarely applied compared to the predominant objective space methods. In this paper we propose modifications to increase the performance of multi-objective branch and bound algorithms by utilizing scalarization-based information. We use the hypervolume indicator as a measure for the gap between lower and upper bound set to implement a multi-objective best-first strategy. By adaptively solving scalarizations in the root node to integer optimality we improve both, upper and lower bound set. The obtained lower bound can then be integrated into the lower bounds of all active nodes, while the determined solution is added to the upper bound set. Numerical experiments show that the number of investigated nodes can be significantly reduced by up to 83% and the total computation time can be reduced by up to 80%.
A sulfated exopolysaccharide derived from Chlorella sp. exhibiting in vitro anti-α-d-Glucosidase activity
Authors: Guehaz Karima , Boual Zakaria , Telli Alia , Meskher Hicham , Belkhalfa Hakim , Pierre Guillaume , Michaud Philippe , Adessi Alessandra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere is a great scientific curiosity to discover all environments sheltering microalgae, especially those with exceptional characteristics from coldest to hottest ones, the purpose remains to explore the potential of the native microalgae flora and the research for new bioactive compounds. This study aimed to isolate a polysaccharide-producing microalga from an extreme ecosystem and to evaluate its capacity to inhibit the α-d-glucosidase enzyme. Chlorella strain is isolated from hypersaline Lake in the Algerian desert. The exopolysaccharide extraction was performed by the concentration of free-cell supernatant in a rotary evaporator. The infrared analysis showed a characteristic footprint of carbohydrates with particular functional groups, such as sulfate. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry has revealed a hetero-exopolysaccharide composed of galactose 35.75%, glucose 21.13%, xylose 16.81%, fructose 6.96%, arabinose 5.10%, and glucuronic acid 2.68%. The evaluation of the anti-hyperglycemic activity demonstrated a significant α-d-glucosidase inhibition of 80.94 ± 0.01% at 10 mg mL−1 with IC50 equal to 4.31 ± 0.20 mg mL−1. This study opens a vast prospect to use exopolysaccharides as natural nutraceutical or food additive.
Graphical Abstract
The Kuznetsov and Blackstock Equations of Nonlinear Acoustics with Nonlocal-in-Time Dissipation
Authors: Kaltenbacher Barbara , Meliani Mostafa , Nikolić Vanja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn ultrasonics, nonlocal quasilinear wave equations arise when taking into account a class of heat flux laws of Gurtin–Pipkin type within the system of governing equations of sound motion. The present study extends previous work by the authors to incorporate nonlocal acoustic wave equations with quadratic gradient nonlinearities which require a new approach in the energy analysis. More precisely, we investigate the Kuznetsov and Blackstock equations with dissipation of fractional type and identify a minimal set of assumptions on the memory kernel needed for each equation. In particular, we discuss the physically relevant examples of Abel and Mittag–Leffler kernels. We perform the well-posedness analysis uniformly with respect to a small parameter on which the kernels depend and which can be interpreted as the sound diffusivity or the thermal relaxation time. We then analyze the limiting behavior of solutions with respect to this parameter, and how it is influenced by the specific class of memory kernels at hand. Through such a limiting study, we relate the considered nonlocal quasilinear equations to their limiting counterparts and establish the convergence rates of the respective solutions in the energy norm.
Das Konsiliarverfahren in der ambulanten Psychotherapie
Authors: Maier Lena , Blanck Julian , Singer Susanne 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Vor einer ambulanten Psychotherapie bei Psychologischen bzw. Kinder- und Jugendlichen-Psychotherapeut:innen ist gemäß Psychotherapie-Richtlinie (PT-RL) ein Konsiliarbericht einzuholen. Die Inhalte des Konsiliarberichts sind in der PT-RL festgelegt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Mit dieser Studie sollen die Konsiliarberichte mit den Vorgaben der PT-RL sowie den Berichten an den Gutachter mittels Real-World-Daten verglichen werden.

Methoden
In einer Zufallsstichprobe von 1000 Psychotherapieanträgen lagen 380 Konsiliarberichte vor. Die Daten aus den Konsiliarberichten wurden extrahiert und anhand von Häufigkeitsangaben mit den Vorgaben der PT-RL verglichen. Unterschiede zwischen den Konsiliarberichten und den dazugehörigen Berichten an den Gutachter hinsichtlich behandlungsrelevanter Parameter wurden mittels Chi2-Tests überprüft. Mögliche Prädiktoren für die Empfehlung einer ärztlichen Mitbehandlung wurden anhand von logistischer Regression berechnet.

Ergebnisse
Kein Konsiliarbericht erfüllte sämtliche Vorgaben der PT-RL. Am häufigsten wurden Angaben zu aktuellen Beschwerden gemacht (79 %), am seltensten zu Differenzial- und Verdachtsdiagnosen (4 %). Die Hälfte der Konsiliarärzt:innen (49 %) schätzte eine psychiatrische Abklärung als nicht notwendig ein; etwa ein Drittel (29 %) gab keine Einschätzung dazu ab. Die Konsiliarberichte enthielten 2,6-mal seltener Angaben zu relevanten Vor- und Parallelbehandlungen als die zugehörigen Berichte an den Gutachter (χ2 = 22,1; p < 0,001). Es gab keine Hinweise auf Prädiktoren für die Empfehlung einer ärztlichen Mitbehandlung.

Diskussion
Die Anforderungen des Konsiliarberichts werden nur teilweise erfüllt. Im Rahmen der Reformierung des Antrags- und Gutachterverfahrens sollte die Notwendigkeit der Konsiliarberichte überprüft werden.
Outcome of bleomycin electrosclerotherapy of slow-flow malformations in adults and children
Authors: Schmidt Vanessa F. , Cangir Özlem , Meyer Lutz , Goldann Constantin , Hengst Susanne , Brill Richard , von der Heydt Susanne , Waner Milton , Puhr-Westerheide Daniel , Öcal Osman , Ümütlü Muzaffer Reha , Mansour Nabeel , Rudolph Jan , Sint Alena , Obereisenbuchner Florian , Häberle Beate , Ricke Jens , Seidensticker Max , Wohlgemuth Walter A. , Wildgruber Moritz 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the safety and clinical outcome of bleomycin electrosclerotherapy (BEST) for treating extracranial slow-flow malformations.

Methods
In this retrospective investigation of a multicenter cohort presenting symptomatic slow-flow malformations, patient records were analyzed with respect to procedural details and complications. A treatment-specific, patient-reported questionnaire was additionally evaluated, obtained 3–12 months after the last treatment, to assess the subjective outcomes, including mobility, aesthetic aspects, and pain, as well as the occurrence of postprocedural skin hyperpigmentation. All outcome parameters were compared according to patients’ age.

Results
Overall, 325 BEST treatments were performed in 233 patients after intralesional and/or intravenous bleomycin injection. The total complication rate was 10.2% (33/325), including 29/352 (8.9%) major complications. Patient-reported mobility decreased in 10/133 (8.8%), was stable in 30/113 (26.5%), improved in 48/113 (42.5%), and was rated symptom-free in 25/113 (22.1%) patients. Aesthetic aspects were rated impaired compared to baseline in 19/113 (16.8%), stable in 21/133 (18.6%), improved in 62/113 (54.9%), and perfect in 11/133 (9.7%) patients. Postprocedural skin hyperpigmentation occurred in 78/113 (69%) patients, remaining unchanged in 24/78 (30.8%), reduced in 51/78 (65.5%), and completely resolved in 3/78 (3.8%) patients. The median VAS pain scale was 4.0 (0–10) preprocedural and 2.0 (0–9) postprocedural. Children/adolescents performed significantly better in all parameters compared to adults (≥ 16 years) (mobility, p = 0.011; aesthetic aspects, p < 0.001; pain, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
BEST is effective for treating slow-flow vascular malformations, with few but potentially significant major complications. Regarding patient-reported outcomes, children seem to benefit better compared to older patients, suggesting that BEST should not be restricted to adults.

Clinical relevance statement
Bleomycin electrosclerotherapy is a safe and effective approach and therapy should not be restricted to adults due to good clinical outcomes in children.
The virtual reference radiologist: comprehensive AI assistance for clinical image reading and interpretation
Authors: Siepmann Robert , Huppertz Marc , Rastkhiz Annika , Reen Matthias , Corban Eric , Schmidt Christian , Wilke Stephan , Schad Philipp , Yüksel Can , Kuhl Christiane , Truhn Daniel , Nebelung Sven 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in radiology, but their ability to aid radiologists in interpreting imaging studies remains unexplored. We investigated the effects of a state-of-the-art LLM (GPT-4) on the radiologists’ diagnostic workflow.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective study, six radiologists of different experience levels read 40 selected radiographic [n = 10], CT [n = 10], MRI [n = 10], and angiographic [n = 10] studies unassisted (session one) and assisted by GPT-4 (session two). Each imaging study was presented with demographic data, the chief complaint, and associated symptoms, and diagnoses were registered using an online survey tool. The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on diagnostic accuracy, confidence, user experience, input prompts, and generated responses was assessed. False information was registered. Linear mixed-effect models were used to quantify the factors (fixed: experience, modality, AI assistance; random: radiologist) influencing diagnostic accuracy and confidence.

Results
When assessing if the correct diagnosis was among the top-3 differential diagnoses, diagnostic accuracy improved slightly from 181/240 (75.4%, unassisted) to 188/240 (78.3%, AI-assisted). Similar improvements were found when only the top differential diagnosis was considered. AI assistance was used in 77.5% of the readings. Three hundred nine prompts were generated, primarily involving differential diagnoses (59.1%) and imaging features of specific conditions (27.5%). Diagnostic confidence was significantly higher when readings were AI-assisted (p > 0.001). Twenty-three responses (7.4%) were classified as hallucinations, while two (0.6%) were misinterpretations.

Conclusion
Integrating GPT-4 in the diagnostic process improved diagnostic accuracy slightly and diagnostic confidence significantly. Potentially harmful hallucinations and misinterpretations call for caution and highlight the need for further safeguarding measures.

Clinical relevance statement
Using GPT-4 as a virtual assistant when reading images made six radiologists of different experience levels feel more confident and provide more accurate diagnoses; yet, GPT-4 gave factually incorrect and potentially harmful information in 7.4% of its responses.
Post-radiotherapy stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer radiomics research: a systematic review and comparison of CLEAR and RQS frameworks
Authors: Tran Kevin , Ginzburg Daniel , Hong Wei , Attenberger Ulrike , Ko Hyun Soo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer, the second most common cancer, presents persistently dismal prognoses. Radiomics, a promising field, aims to provide novel imaging biomarkers to improve outcomes. However, clinical translation faces reproducibility challenges, despite efforts to address them with quality scoring tools.ObjectiveThis study had two objectives: 1) identify radiomics biomarkers in post-radiotherapy stage III/IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 2) evaluate research quality using the CLEAR (CheckList_for_EvaluAtion_of_Radiomics_research), RQS (Radiomics_Quality_Score) frameworks, and formulate an amalgamated CLEAR-RQS tool to enhance scientific rigor.Materials and methodsA systematic literature review (Jun-Aug 2023, MEDLINE/PubMed/SCOPUS) was conducted concerning stage III/IV NSCLC, radiotherapy, and radiomic features (RF). Extracted data included study design particulars, such as sample size, radiotherapy/CT technique, selected RFs, and endpoints. CLEAR and RQS were merged into a CLEAR-RQS checklist. Three readers appraised articles utilizing CLEAR, RQS, and CLEAR-RQS metrics.ResultsOut of 871 articles, 11 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The Median cohort size was 91 (range: 10–337) with 9 studies being single-center. No common RF were identified. The merged CLEAR-RQS checklist comprised 61 items. Most unreported items were within CLEAR’s “methods” and “open-source,” and within RQS’s “phantom-calibration,” “registry-enrolled prospective-trial-design,” and “cost-effective-analysis” sections. No study scored above 50% on RQS. Median CLEAR scores were 55.74% (32.33/58 points), and for RQS, 17.59% (6.3/36 points). CLEAR-RQS article ranking fell between CLEAR and RQS and aligned with CLEAR.ConclusionRadiomics research in post-radiotherapy stage III/IV NSCLC exhibits variability and frequently low-quality reporting. The formulated CLEAR-RQS checklist may facilitate education and holds promise for enhancing radiomics research quality.Clinical relevance statementCurrent radiomics research in the field of stage III/IV postradiotherapy NSCLC is heterogenous, lacking reproducibility, with no identified imaging biomarker. Radiomics research quality assessment tools may enhance scientific rigor and thereby facilitate radiomics translation into clinical practice.Key PointsThere is heterogenous and low radiomics research quality in postradiotherapy stage III/IV nonsmall cell lung cancer.Barriers to reproducibility are small cohort size, nonvalidated studies, missing technical parameters, and lack of data, code, and model sharing.CLEAR (CheckList_for_EvaluAtion_of_Radiomics_research), RQS (Radiomics_Quality_Score), and the amalgamated CLEAR-RQS tool are useful frameworks for assessing radiomics research quality and may provide a valuable resource for educational purposes in the field of radiomics.
Current management of surgical neonates: is it optimal or do we need to improve? A national survey of the Italian Society of Neonatology
Authors: Costa Simonetta , Capolupo Irma , Bonadies Luca , Quercia Michele , Betta Maria Pasqua , Gombos Sara , Tognon Costanza , Cavallaro Giacomo , Sgrò Stefania , Pastorino Roberta , Pires Marafon Denise , Dotta Andrea , Vento Giovanni ,   on behalf of the Surgical Newborn Study Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Few guidelines exist for the perioperative management (PM) of neonates with surgical conditions (SC). This study examined the current neonatal PM in Italy.

Methods
We invited 51 neonatal intensive care units with pediatric surgery in their institution to participate in a web-based survey. The themes included (1) the involvement of the neonatologist during the PM; (2) the spread of bedside surgery (BS); (3) the critical issues concerning the neonatal PM in operating rooms (OR) and the actions aimed at improving the PM.

Results
Response rate was 82.4%. The neonatologist is involved during the intraoperative management in 42.9% of the responding centers (RC) and only when the surgery is performed at the patient’s bedside in 50.0% of RCs. BS is reserved for extremely preterm (62.5%) or clinically unstable (57.5%) infants, and the main barrier to its implementation is the surgical-anesthesiology team's preference to perform surgery in a standard OR (77.5%). Care protocols for specific SC are available only in 42.9% of RCs.

Conclusion
Some critical issues emerged from this survey: the neonatologist involvement in PM, the spread of BS, and the availability of specific care protocols need to be implemented to optimize the care of this fragile category of patients.
Health and sociodemographic determinants of excess mortality in Spanish nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 2-year prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Escribà-Salvans Anna , Jerez-Roig Javier , Farrés-Godayol Pau , Bezerra de Souza Dyego Leandro , Skelton Dawn A. , Minobes-Molina Eduard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Age, multimorbidity, immunodeficiency and frailty of older people living in nursing homes make them vulnerable to COVID-19 and overall mortality.

Objective
To estimate overall and COVID-19 mortality parameters and analyse their predictive factors in older people living in nursing homes over a 2-year period.

Method
Design: A 2-year prospective longitudinal multicentre study was conducted between 2020 and 2022.
Setting: This study involved five nursing homes in Central Catalonia (Spain).
Participants: Residents aged 65 years or older who lived in the nursing homes on a permanent basis.
Measurements: Date and causes of deaths were recorded. In addition, sociodemographic and health data were collected. For the effect on mortality, survival curves were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis using Cox regression.

Results
The total sample of 125 subjects had a mean age of 85.10 years (standard deviation = 7.3 years). There were 59 (47.2%) deaths at 24 months (95% confidence interval, CI, 38.6–55.9) and 25 (20.0%) were due to COVID-19, mostly in the first 3 months. In multivariate analysis, functional impairment (hazard ratio, HR 2.40; 95% CI 1.33–4.32) was a significant risk factor for mortality independent of age (HR 1.17; 95% CI 0.69–2.00) and risk of sarcopenia (HR 1.40; 95% CI 0.63–3.12).

Conclusion
Almost half of this sample of nursing home residents died in the 2‑year period, and one fifth were attributed to COVID-19. Functional impairment was a risk factor for overall mortality and COVID-19 mortality, independent of age and risk of sarcopenia.