bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrent hemichorea and migrainous aura—A perfusion study on the basal ganglia using xenon‐computed tomography
Authors: Yamada Kazumichi , Harada Mikio , Inoue Nobuhiro , Yoshida Shinsuke , Morioka Motohiro , Kuratsu Jun‐Ichi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA variety of etiologies underlie the neurophysiological imbalance resulting in chorea. We report a 57‐year‐old woman with a long‐history of migraine who suddenly experienced concurrent scintillating scotoma and rapid involuntary movement of her neck and right extremities. Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) failed to detect any fresh ischemic and/or hemorrhagic lesions. Xenon‐computed tomography (CT) disclosed gross reduction in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) of the left occipital area. With precise mapping to the brain atlas, extreme hyperperfusion in the motor thalamus was found on the left side. Asymmetrical CBF reduction of the left subthalamic nucleus was also noted. Her symptoms gradually improved and completely disappeared within 15 days. Repeated xenon‐CT 1 month post‐onset demonstrated normalized CBF in the affected areas. Our study suggests that vascular event underlies the migrainous aura in this case and secondarily provokes a loss of inhibitory control of the motor thalamus resulting in the manifestation of hemichorea. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Chorea‐ballism associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A clinical, genetic, and neuropathological study
Authors: Gamez Josep , Corbera‐Bellalta Marc , Mila Montserrat , López‐Lisbona Rosa , Boluda Susana , Ferrer Isidre 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHyperkinetic movements in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are extremely rare. We present clinical, neuropathological, and genetic data for a 53‐year‐old woman with spinal onset ALS presenting chorea affecting the face, mouth, neck, and hands, and ballism in both arms 31 months after leg weakness onset. Her father and older sister had ALS, but had no movement disorders. As well as the typical neuropathological findings of ALS (marked upper and lower motor neuron loss), post‐mortem examination showed prominent neuronal loss and gliosis in the subthalamus, and in the internal globus pallidus, substantia nigra pars compacta, and red nucleus. No abnormalities were found in the caudate, putamen, and thalamus. No defects were found in the SOD1, HD, and DRPLA genes. These data support the idea that choreo‐ballism in ALS Plus may be the result of pallido‐luyso‐rubro‐nigral atrophy, despite not being the result of concomitant DRPLA based on neuropathological and genetic criteria. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Investigation of an unusual, high‐frequency jaw tremor with coherence analysis
Authors: Sowman Paul F. , Thompson Philip D. , Miles Timothy S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNormal physiological tremor of the jaw has a frequency of 6 to 8 Hz. A patient is described with jaw tremor at frequencies of 12 Hz during jaw movement and 15 Hz when the jaw was relaxed. The 15 Hz tremor was driven by synchronous, bilateral bursts of activity in the temporalis and masseter muscles, which alternated with digastric bursts. Coherence analysis indicated the tremor was highly correlated with both opening and closing muscle activity, and that the opening and closing muscles were about 180° out of phase. The existence of two tremors with different, nonphysiological peak frequencies and the influence of attention, relaxation, and movement in switching from one tremor frequency to the other, suggest that more than one generator may be operating. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Rasagiline improves freezing in a patient with primary progressive freezing gait
Authors: Coria Francisco , Cozar‐Santiago María del Puig 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe herein report the case of a 84‐year‐old man with a 4‐year history of freezing of gait (FOG) consistent with the diagnosis of primary progressive freezing gait. Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) with a radiolabeled ligand of the dopamine transporter (DAT‐SPECT) showed integrity of striatal dopaminergic terminals, whereas brain perfusion SPECT disclosed multiple areas of decreased perfusion in frontal and parietal lobes, as well as in the subcortical gray nuclei of both sides. Treatment with the new irreversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitor rasagiline at standard doses resulted in a rapid, dramatic, and sustained improvement of the frequency and duration of FOG episodes. In addition, brain perfusion SPECT after treatment showed a marked increase of the activity in all cortical areas as well as in the basal ganglia and thalamus. Rasagiline may prove to be an effective and safe treatment for this disabling condition. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Comparison of perception threshold testing and thermal‐vibratory testing
Authors: Lowenstein Lior , Jesse Kathy , Kenton Kimberly 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCurrent perception threshold testing (CPT) is thought to selectively activate and measure three types of afferent nerves. However, it has not been standardized or compared with better‐studied methods of sensory testing. Our objectives were to determine the relationship between CPT (2000 Hz, 250 Hz, 5 Hz) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) using vibratory and heat thresholds, and to assess the test–retest reliability of both methods. Twenty‐seven healthy women were enrolled. Each woman underwent CPT and QST on the volar part of the arm. Sensory thresholds were determined by the method of limits; 20 women underwent repeated CPT testing and QST after 1 week to determine test–retest reliability. Thermal thresholds were moderately correlated with CPT at 5 Hz (ρ = 0.49, P = 0.009), as were vibratory thresholds and CPT at 2000 Hz (ρ = 0.5, P = 0.008). In contrast to CPT measurements, warm and vibratory and cold thresholds were correlated 1 week apart (ρ = 0.73, P = 0.0001; ρ = 0.83, P = 0.0001; and ρ = 0.47, P = 0.0037, respectively). CPT testing and QST seem to be measuring similar afferent nerve‐fiber populations, but QST has better test–retest reliability than CPT testing, justifying its role in clinical or research studies. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Increased PFK activity and GLUT4 protein content in McArdle's disease
Authors: Robertshaw Holly A. , Raha Sandeep , Kaczor Jan J. , Tarnopolsky Mark A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractInborn errors of metabolism represent an opportunity to conduct studies in order to understand compensatory adaptations to a defective metabolic pathway. We evaluated the molecular and biochemical adaptations in substrate metabolism (glycolysis, electron transport chain, tricarboxylic acid cycle, β‐oxidation) in response to myophosphorylase deficiency in skeletal muscle from 13 patients with McArdle's disease (MD) and 13 age‐matched controls. MD muscle had higher phosphofructokinase protein content and activity as well as glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein content and lower GLUT4 mRNA content than controls. At the protein level, skeletal muscle adaptations suggest an augmented glucose transport and glycolytic flux as a compensatory metabolic strategy to a chronic absence of muscle glycogen phosphorylase. These results support previous findings of increased glucose uptake during exercise and alleviation of symptoms with oral sucrose in patients with MD. Muscle Nerve, 2007
MR measurement of blood flow in the parotid gland without contrast medium: a functional study before and after gustatory stimulation
Authors: Schwenzer Nina F. , Schraml Christina , Martirosian Petros , Boss Andreas , Claussen Claus D. , Schick Fritz 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the feasibility of blood flow imaging in the parotid gland using the arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique for assessment of functional changes in the parotid gland after gustatory stimulation.Materials and MethodsAnatomical and ASL imaging of the parotid gland was performed in eight healthy volunteers before and after gustatory stimulation over a period of 17 min. All measurements were carried out in a 1.5 T whole‐body MR unit. ASL and data recording were performed with an adapted FAIR TrueFISP (flow‐sensitive alternating inversion‐recovery true fast imaging with steady precession) technique. Maps of estimated tissue blood inflow in both parotid glands were derived using a simplified model and the extended Bloch equations.ResultsDelineation of the parotid glands was possible on FAIR TrueFISP images in all cases. In the 160 s period immediately after stimulation, a significant (P < 0.01) mean increase of 62% in the estimated parotid blood flow was observed. Estimated baseline blood flow before gustatory stimulation ranged from 226 to 500 mL/min/100 g (mean ± SD 335 ± 86). These rates increased in the 160 s immediately after stimulation to 404–772 mL/min/100 g (mean 542 ± 108). In all volunteers, blood flow returned to near baseline values within the observation period. No statistically significant difference between the right and left parotid was observed in baseline and peak blood flow.ConclusionASL FAIR TrueFISP is feasible for functional characterization of the parotid glands. Assessment of changes in blood flow in the parotid gland could serve as a diagnostic tool in patients suffering from xerostomia. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Green's function evaluation for three‐dimensional exponentially graded elasticity
Authors: Criado R. , Gray L. J. , Mantič V. , París F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe numerical implementation of Green's function for an isotropic exponentially graded three‐dimensional elastic solid is reported. The formulas for the non‐singular ‘grading term’ in this Green's function, originally deduced by Martin et al. (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 2000; 458:1931–1947), are quite complicated, and a small error in one of the formulas is corrected. The evaluation of the fundamental solution is tested by employing an indirect boundary integral formulation using a Galerkin approximation to solve several problems having analytic solutions. The numerical results indicate that Green's function formulas, and their evaluation, are correct. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐eclampsia is associated with dendritic cell recruitment into the uterine decidua
Authors: Huang SJ , Chen C‐P , Schatz F , Rahman M , Abrahams VM , Lockwood CJ 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPre‐eclampsia is a leading cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality that preferentially affects primiparous patients. It is associated with systemic inflammation and impaired trophoblast invasion of the decidua. Decidual cells are the major cell type of the pregnant endometrium. Macrophages and dendritic cells are major specialized antigen‐presenting cells that promote both innate immunity and immune tolerance. Macrophage infiltration is implicated in impaired trophoblast invasion that leads to pre‐eclampsia. By contrast, the potential modulating role of decidual dendritic cells in the genesis of pre‐eclampsia has not been investigated. Interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β), a pro‐inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in the genesis of pre‐eclampsia. Thus, we postulate that pre‐eclampsia would be associated with enhanced decidual dendritic cells infiltration and that IL‐1β would enhance the production of relevant dendritic cell‐recruiting chemokines. We used immunohistochemistry to demonstrate a marked infiltrate of immature and mature dendritic cells in pre‐eclamptic decidua. Further, immunohistochemistry and immunoassays of placental bed biopsies revealed that pre‐eclamptic decidua displays elevated levels of several monocyte‐ and dendritic cell‐recruiting chemokines. Leukocyte‐free first‐trimester decidual cells were then treated with IL‐1β, which enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of these chemokines. The current study also confirmed previous reports that macrophages directly impaired trophoblast invasion and that this inhibitory effect is augmented by the conditioned medium of IL‐1β‐treated first‐trimester decidual cells. However, unlike macrophages, dendritic cells did not directly impede trophoblast invasion. This study demonstrates that the inflammatory milieu of pre‐eclampsia induces decidual cells to promote dendritic cell infiltration. Given their unusual versatility in mediating both immunity and tolerance, these novel findings suggest that dendritic cells may play a critical role either in the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia or its prevention in subsequent pregnancies. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BMP‐6 over‐expression in prostate cancer is associated with increased Id‐1 protein and a more invasive phenotype
Authors: Darby S , Cross SS , Brown NJ , Hamdy FC , Robson CN 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBone morphogenetic protein‐6 (BMP‐6) has been strongly implicated in prostate cancer development and bone metastasis. Our previous data showed that BMP‐6 mRNA was absent in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, but evident in primary tumours with established secondary skeletal metastases. To examine the role of BMP‐6 in prostate cancer progression, we have developed a BMP‐6‐regulatable, doxycycline‐inducible gene expression system. BMP‐6 induction by doxycycline addition led to increased levels of BMP‐6 RNA and protein, associated with nuclear translocation of SMADs and activation of the downstream target gene Id‐1. BMP‐6 protein did not enhance the proliferation rate of PC3M cells but did significantly increase the rate of migration and invasion in both PC3M and DU145 cells. Increased metalloproteinase (MMP‐1 and MMP‐9) mRNA levels were also observed following BMP‐6 induction. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed BMP‐6‐mediated activation of MMP‐1 and MMP‐9 promoters, indicating direct transcriptional activation of MMPs by BMP‐6. BMP‐6 stimulation also led to an increase in phosphorylation levels of MAPK proteins. We next examined the effects of BMP‐6 on the downstream gene Id‐1 in a cohort of prostate cancer patients. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed and samples stained for BMP‐6 and Id‐1 expression. We observed a significant increase in the intensity of staining of epithelial BMP‐6 in the cancer cases compared to the benign cases (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.0005) and in the intensity of staining of epithelial Id‐1 in the cancer cases compared to the benign cases (Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.015). We further observed a significant positive correlation between epithelial staining for Id‐1 and BMP‐6 (p = 0.001) across all samples for both benign and cancer cases. These data demonstrate that BMP‐6 promotes migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells, potentially through activation of Id‐1 and MMP activation. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Candidate biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Seliger Barbara , Dressler Sven P. , Lichtenfels Rudolf , Kellner Roland 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAlthough the human genome has been decoded, the knowledge about the pathogenesis of diseases including cancer is still limited. By focusing on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) we here summarize the data of various research groups analyzing the protein/peptide expression profiles of tumor lesions/cell lines or serum obtained from patients and respective controls. Different powerful approaches such as 2‐DE, PROTEOMEX/SERPA/SPEARS, and T cell epitope discovery upon elution of MHC class I‐bound peptides in combination with MS/LC‐MS/MS revealed 500 differentially expressed proteins. The overlap in target recognition limits the pool to 299 unique protein identities, but only few thereof (12%) have been validated. The management, analysis, and interpretation of the distinct data sets derived from 27 publications required bioinformatic restructuring of the results. However, the comprehensive analysis of the results expands the knowledge about the pathophysiology of RCC in particular of the most prominent clear cell subtype by providing information on the differentially expressed proteins, their regulation status in RCC compared to normal kidney epithelium next to additional information on MHC‐presented T cell epitopes and on serological targets. Despite the low number of validated differentially expressed proteins some of them might serve as candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis and/or as therapeutic targets.
Proteomic identification of tyrosine nitration targets in kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Tyther Raymond , Ahmeda Ahmad , Johns Edward , Sheehan David 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNitrosative and oxidative stress are implicated in the development of hypertension. Events in the renal medulla may play a key role in the development and progression of hypertension. This may arise through disruption of nitric oxide signalling in the medulla and be accompanied by enhanced nitrosative and oxidative stress as indicated by the presence of proteins containing 3‐nitrotyrosine. Here we demonstrate enhanced protein nitration in the medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats. We have identified several nitrated proteins with both varied subcellular location and functional roles. These proteins are involved in nitric oxide signalling, antioxidant defense and energy metabolism. Moreover, increased nitration was observed in conjunction with enhanced oxidative damage as evidenced by the presence of protein carbonyl oxidative stress biomarkers. Our results suggest that kidney medulla is subject to enhanced nitrosative and oxidative stress, and that resulting protein modifications may contribute to the progression of hypertension.
The HcaR regulatory protein of Photorhabdus luminescens affects the production of proteins involved in oxidative stress and toxemia
Authors: Chalabaev Sabina , Turlin Evelyne , Charles Jean‐François , Namane Abdelkader , Pagès Sylvie , Givaudan Alain , Brito‐Fravallo Emma , Danchin Antoine , Biville Francis 
Published: December 2007

AbstractComparison of the proteomes of wild‐type Photorhabdus luminescens and its hcaR derivative, grown in insect hemolymph, showed that hcaR disruption decreased the production of toxins (tcdA1, mcf, and pirAB) and proteins involved in oxidative stress response (SodA, AhpC, Gor). The disruption of hcaR did not affect growth rate in insects, but did delay the virulence of P. luminescens in Bombyx mori and Spodoptera littoralis larvae. This delayed virulence was associated with a lower toxemia rather than delay in bacteremia. The disruption of hcaR also increased bacterial sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. A sodA mutant and an hcaR mutant had similar phenotypes in terms of sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, virulence, toxin gene expression, and growth rate in insects. Thus, the two processes affected by hcaR disruption – toxemia and oxidative stress response – appear to be related. Besides, expression of toxin genes tcdA1, mcf, and pirAB was decreased by paraquat challenge. We provide here the first demonstration of the importance of toxemia for P. luminescens virulence. Our results also highlight the power of proteomic analysis for detecting unexpected links between different, concomitant processes in bacteria.
Role of group A Streptococcus HtrA in the maturation of SpeB protease
Authors: Cole Jason N. , Aquilina John A. , Hains Peter G. , Henningham Anna , Sriprakash Kadaba S. , Caparon Michael G. , Nizet Victor , Kotb Malak , Cordwell Stuart J. , Djordjevic Steven P. , Walker Mark J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe serine protease high‐temperature requirement A (HtrA) (DegP) of the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus; GAS) is localized to the ExPortal secretory microdomain and is reportedly essential for the maturation of cysteine protease streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SpeB). Here, we utilize HSC5 (M5 serotype) and the in‐frame isogenic mutant HSC5ΔhtrA to determine whether HtrA contributes to the maturation of other GAS virulence determinants. Mutanolysin cell wall extracts and secreted proteins were arrayed by 2‐DE and identified by MALDI‐TOF PMF analysis. HSC5ΔhtrA had elevated levels of cell wall‐associated M protein, whilst the supernatant had higher concentrations of M protein fragments and a reduced amount of mature SpeB protease, compared to wild‐type (WT). Western blot analysis and protease assays revealed a delay in the maturation of SpeB in the HSC5ΔhtrA supernatant. HtrA was unable to directly process SpeB zymogen (proSpeB) to the active form in vitro. We therefore conclude that HtrA plays an indirect role in the maturation of cysteine protease SpeB.
New multiple‐herbicide crop resistance and formulation technology to augment the utility of glyphosate
Authors: Green Jerry M , Hazel Christine B , Forney D Raymond , Pugh Luann M 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGlyphosate has performed long and well, but now some weed communities are shifting to populations that survive glyphosate, and growers need new weed management technologies to augment glyphosate performance in glyphosate‐resistant crops. Unfortunately, most companies are not developing any new selective herbicides with new modes of action to fill this need. Fortunately, companies are developing new herbicide‐resistant crop technologies to combine with glyphosate resistance and expand the utility of existing herbicides. One of the first multiple‐herbicide‐resistant crops will have a molecular stack of a new metabolically based glyphosate resistance mechanism with an active‐site‐based resistance to a broad spectrum of ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. Additionally, new formulation technology called homogeneous blends will be used in conjunction with glyphosate and ALS‐resistant crops. This formulation technology satisfies governmental regulations, so that new herbicide mixture offerings with diverse modes of action can be commercialized more rapidly and less expensively. Together, homogeneous blends and multiple‐herbicide‐resistant crops can offer growers a wider choice of herbicide mixtures at rates and ratios to augment glyphosate and satisfy changing weed management needs. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro antimicrobial and in vivo antioomycete activities of the novel antibiotic thiobutacin
Authors: Lee Jung Yeop , Sherman David H , Hwang Byung Kook 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: A number of synthetic fungicides are not effective when confronted by oomycete pathogens because many fungicide targets are absent from oomycetes. Moreover, resistance to fungicides has already arisen in oomycete species, and thus development of new, effective and safe compounds for use in oomycete disease control is necessary.RESULTS: Zoospore lysis began at 10 µg mL−1 of thiobutacin, and most of the zoospores were collapsed at 50 µg mL−1. Thiobutacin also revealed inhibitory activity against the cyst germination and hyphal growth of Phytophthora capsici at 50 µg mL−1. Treatment with thiobutacin exhibited protective activity against development of Phytophthora disease on pepper plants.CONCLUSION: The authors verified in vitro antioomycete activity of thiobutacin against P. capsici and its control efficacy against Phytophthora blight in vivo. This is the first report to demonstrate in vivo antioomycete activity of the novel antibiotic thiobutacin against P. capsici infection. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry