bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cathepsin K promotes bone invasion of pituitary adenomas via interacting with TLR4 to mediate RANKL expression
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Wang Guoqi , Wang Peng , Zhao Jian , Han Wenjing , Mu Yiming , Gu Weijun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the regulation and mechanism of Cathepsin K (CTSK) in bone invasive pituitary adenomas (BIPAs).
Experimental Design: A total of 1437 patients with pituitary adenomas were included and followed up. RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR were used to analyze to detect CTSK expression. The impact of CTSK on cellular proliferation, bone matrix degradation, and osteoclasts differentiation was determined by gain/loss of function experiments in vitro and vivo. The exploration of signaling pathway was determined by molecular biology experiments.
Results: Here, we reported a significant fraction (~10%) of pituitary adenoma patients developed bone invasion. Bone invasion was correleted with tumor recurrence. Shorter recurrence free survival was found in BIPA patients. CTSK expression was increased in BIPA patients and strongly associated with worse prognosis. Increased CTSK expression promoted pituitary adenoma cell proliferation via activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and bone invasion via increasing osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo. CTSK inhibitor (odanacatib) could inhibit pituitary adenoma cell proliferation and bone invasion in vitro and in vivo. CTSK promoted osteoclast differentiation by promoting the RANKL expression of MC3T3-E1 cells through interaction with TLR4.
Conclusion: CTSK may become a novel predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target for BIPAs.
Assessing the mitigation of Pb toxicity by the synergistic application of Oxalic acid and salicylic acid on maize plants
Authors: Gupta Minoti , Kumar Swantantar , Mishra Raghvendra Kumar , Dwivedi Vinay 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigated the effects of Pb, oxalic acid (OA), and salicylic acid (SA) on the physiological and biochemical markers of maize (Zea mays L.) plants. The plants of Zea mays were subjected to treatments for 15, 30, and 45 days at doses of Pb at 0.5 mM, SA at 25 mg/l, and OA at 25 mg/l and SA+OA at 25 mg/l each. Plants under Pb stress displayed decreased relative water content, anthocyanin, carotenoid, and xanthophyll pigments, total carbohydrate content as well as growth metrics. SEM demonstrated that the stomatal conductance of Zea mays plants during Pb stress was decreased. The Zea mays plants had increased stomatal conductance in addition to improved growth metrics on the combined application of SA and OA. In Zea mays, the heavy metal Pb increased O2- generation, H2O2, and oxidative damage. On the other hand, SA + OA treatment of Zea mays plants reduced the adverse effects of heavy metals by decreasing oxidative stress, which resulted in suppressed O2- production and H2O2, as well as elevated SOD and GPOX enzyme activity. The application's exceptional efficacy in lowering Pb toxicity in maize plants suggests that OA + SA can enhance plant growth and development at the physiological level.
Validation of the Charlson Comorbidity Index for the prediction of 30-day and 1-year mortality in an extensive hip fracture cohort
Authors: de Haan Eveline , Oosten Benthe van , Rijckevorsel Veronique. A.J.I.M. , Kuijper T. Martijn , de Jong Louis , Roukema Gert R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction:
The aim of our study wasto validate the original Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and adjusted CCIas prediction model for 30-day and 1-year mortality after hip fracture surgery. The secondary aim of this study was to verify each variable of the CCI as a factor associated with 30-day and 1-year mortality.
Methods: A prospective database of two level II trauma teaching hospitals in the Netherlands was used. The original CCI from 1987 and the adjusted CCI from 2011 were calculated based on medical history. To validate the original CCI and the adjusted CCI from 2011, the CCI was plotted against the observed 30-day and 1-year mortality, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.
Results:
In total,3523 patients were included in this cohort study. The mean of the original CCI in this cohort was 5.1 (SD±2.0) and 4.6 (SD±1.9) for the adjusted CCI. The AUCsof the prediction modelswere 0.674 and 0.696 for 30-day mortality for the original and adjusted CCIs, respectively. The AUCsfor 1-year mortality were 0.705 and 0.717 for the original and adjusted CCIs, respectively.
Conclusions: A higher original and adjusted CCI is associated with a higher mortality rate. The AUC wasrelatively low for 30-day and 1-year mortality for both the original and adjusted CCIscompared to other prediction models for hip fracture patients in our cohort. The CCI is not recommended for the prediction of 30-day and 1-year mortality in hip fracture patients.
Interactions between the gut microbiome, associated metabolites and the manifestation and progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in ZSF1 rats
Authors: Guivala Salmina José , Bode Konrad Alexander , Okun Jürgen Günther , Kartal Ece , Pohl Luca Valentina , Werner Sarah , Erbs Sandra , Thiele Holger , Büttner Petra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with systemic inflammation, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and gut microbiome changes. Increased trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels are predictive for mortality in HFpEF. The TMAO precursor trimethylamine (TMA) is synthesized by the intestinal microbiome, crosses the intestinal barrier and is metabolized to TMAO by hepatic flavin-containing mono-oxygenase 3 (FMO3). The intricate interactions of microbiome alterations and TMAO in relation to HFpEF manifestation and progression are analyzed here.
Methods: Healthy lean (L-ZSF1, n=12) and obese ZSF1 rats with HFpEF (O-ZSF1, n=12) were studied. HFpEF was confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography and detection of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). TMAO, amino acids and carnitine were measured using mass-spectroscopy. The intestinal epithelial barrier was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in-vitro impedance measurements. Hepatic FMO3 quantity was determined by Western blot. The fecal microbiome after 8, 13 and 20 weeks was assessed using 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing.
Results: Increased levels of TMAO, carnitine (+46%) and the cardiac stress marker NT-proBNP (+25%) as well as a pronounced amino acid imbalance were observed in obese rats with HFpEF. Anatomy and zonula occludens protein density in the intestinal epithelium remained unchanged, but endothelial barrier function was impaired in O-ZSF1. FMO3 was decreased by 20% in the histologically normal livers of O-ZSF1. Alpha diversity, as indicated by the Shannon diversity index, was comparable at eight weeks of age, but decreased when HFpEF manifested in O-ZSF1 at 13 weeks of age. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (Beta-Diversity) was shown to be effective in differentiating L-ZSF1 from O-ZSF1 at 20 weeks of age. Members of the microbial families Lactobacillaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Lachnospiraceaewere significantly differentially abundant in O-ZSF1 and L-ZSF1 rats.
Conclusions: In the ZSF1 HFpEF rat model, increased dietary intake is associated with alterations in gut microbiome composition and bacterial metabolites, an impaired intestinal barrier, and changes in pro-inflammatory and health-predictive metabolic profiles. HFpEF as well as its most common comorbidities obesity and metabolic syndrome and the alterations described here evolve in parallel and are likely to be interrelated and mutually reinforcing. Dietary adaption may have a positive impact on all entities.
Molecular phylogeny elucidates the taxonomy of Indian Dipcadi Medik. (Asparagaceae) and reveal a new species from the bank of Hiranyakeshi River, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Shelke Priya , Tamboli Asif , Surveswaran Siddharthan , Yadav Shrirang , Choo Y-S , Pak J , Lekhak Manoj 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Dipcadi (Scilloideae: Asparagaceae) is a genus of bulbous monocots with about 40 species. Species delimitation within the genus has been troublesome hindering a comprehensive phylogenetics. The most recent phylogeny (of Ornithogaloideae) by Martínez-Azorín et al. (2011) includes six species of Dipcadi but none is from India. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Ornithogaloideae by including 23 accessions of Indian Dipcadi species. The phylogenetic analyses were based on nucleotide sequences of three plastid regions (rbcL, matK and trnL-F spacer) and one nuclear region (ITS). Pseudogaltonia clavata exhibited sister relationship to Dipcadi. Our combined data phylogeny (covering 31 Dipcadi taxa) resolved Dipcadi into four clades, Clade I, II, III and Clade IV. Clade I, II and III included mainly Indian taxa whereas Clade IV mostly consisted of African species. Clade I included nine taxa including our newly described species D. mukaianum. The new species was phylogenetically placed along with D. erythraeum, D. saxorum and D. ursulae. Morphologically, the species resembled D. montanum and D. ursulae but differed in characters such as tepal cohesion (1/2), number of ovules per locule and foul-smelling flowers. Clade II and III included 11 and six taxa, respectively. D. erythraeum which has a native range from Egypt to western India was found to occupy Clade I and Clade IV. The accession sampled in the present study was placed in Clade I along with D. saxorum whereas the accession from Bahrain grouped with African species (D. gracillimum and D. longifolium) in Clade IV. Similarly, D. serotinum was found sister to the Indian Clade (Clade I, II and III) whereas D. serotinum var. fulvum was nested in the African Clade (Clade IV). Our studies suggest that additional molecular markers (plastid as well nuclear) should be tested for their taxonomy utility. A robust phylogeny can elucidate the biogeography of this small genus across three continents, Africa, Asia and Europe.
Trends in Depressive Episodes and Substance Use Disorders Related Mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020
Authors: SHAUKAT MUHAMMAD TALHA , Cheema Muhammad Rafay Shahzad , Munir Luqman , Hayat Malik Saad , Ansari Tayyab Majeed , Chaudhary Ahmed Jamal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Recognizing the relationship between depression and substance use disorders, identifying the contributing factors, introducing interventions and awareness to address the disparities. Data extracted from death certificates via the CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) database were examined from 1999 to 2020 for depressive episodes and SUD related mortality in people of all ages. Between 1999 and 2020 a total of 45934 depression and SUD related deaths occurred in all age groups. The AAMR continuously increased from 1999 to 2020. Throughout the years, males had consistently higher AAMRs than females. AAMR was highest in people with 85 + years of age. Geographical variations were also observed with the Midwestern region having the highest AAMR while northeastern had lowest. Among different states, Wyoming had the highest AAMR and Alabama had lowest. Non-metropolitan areas had higher AAMR than metropolitan areas. Whites had the highest AAMRs. There was a continuous incline in depression and SUD related mortality in all age groups in the United States from 1999 to 2020. Highest AAMRs were observed in Non-Hispanic (NH) White, males, 85 + years of age, Wyoming, the Midwestern region and in the non- metropolitan areas of United States.
Applied Machine Intelligence in Cancer Detection and Proactive Prediction
Authors: G Gandhi Jabakumar. , M Robinson Joel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cancer is one of the fatal diseases diagnosed among people globally. Proactive cancer prediction is a complex and challenging research problem that requires the potential analysis of large multimodal data, including patient medical records, numeric and imaging data, and genomic data. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Estimate (GHE)-2020, which was conducted over 180 countries, non-communicable disease categories include multiple subcategories, of which all cancer types account for 16.8% of global deaths, making it the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases [1]. Accounting for 2020, it is estimated that nearly 10 million people died from cancer, which is approximately one in six deaths. According to the International Agency of Research on Cancer (IARC), it is predicted that the approximate incidence and mortality counts will rise to 29.5 million and 16.4 million, respectively, by the year 2040 [2].
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Potential lncRNA-mRNA Modules Involved in Genetic Male Sterility and Fertility of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)
Authors: Wei Xiaochun , Wang Xiaoqing , Zhao Yanyan , Chen Weiwei , Nath Ujjal Kumar , Yang Shuangjuan , Su Henan , Wang Zhiyong , Zhang Wenjing , Tian Baoming , Wei Fang , Yuan Yuxiang , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression vital for the growth and development of plants. Despite this, the role of lncRNAs in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) pollen development and male fertility remains poorly understood.
Results:In this study, we characterized a recessive genic male sterile mutant (366-2S), where the delayed degradation of tapetum and the failure of tetrad separation primarily led to the inability to form single microspores, resulting in male sterility. To analyze the role of lncRNAs in pollen development, we conducted a comparative lncRNA sequencing using anthers from the male sterile mutant line (366-2S) and the wild-type male fertile line (366-2F). We identified 385 differentially expressed lncRNAs between the 366-2F and 366-2S lines, with 172 of them potentially associated with target genes. To further understand the alterations in mRNA expression and explore potential lncRNA-target genes (mRNAs), we performed comparative mRNA transcriptome analysis in the anthers of 366-2S and 366-2F at two stages. We identified 1 176 differentially expressed mRNAs. Remarkably, GO analysis revealed significant enrichment in five GO terms, most notably involving mRNAs annotated as pectinesterase and polygalacturonase, which play roles in cell wall degradation. The considerable downregulation of these genes might contribute to the delayed degradation of tapetum in 366-2S. Furthermore, we identified 15 lncRNA-mRNA modules through Venn diagram analysis. Among them, MSTRG.9997-BraA04g004630.3C (β-1,3-glucanase) is associated with callose degradation and tetrad separation. Additionally, MSTRG.5212-BraA02g040020.3C(pectinesterase) and MSTRG.13532-BraA05g030320.3C (pectinesterase) are associated with cell wall degradation of the tapetum, indicating that these three candidate lncRNA-mRNA modules potentially regulate pollen development.
Conclusion: This study lays the foundation for understanding the roles of lncRNAs in pollen development and for elucidating their molecular mechanisms in regulating male sterility in Chinese cabbage.
A rarely aberrant origin of the right vertebral artery
Authors: li Sihao , Zhu Bin , Wang Ting , Ma Yuhu , Shang Rui , Zhang Changwei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aberrant origin of the right vertebral artery is relatively uncommon, but extremely rare when abnormal origin from left subclavian artery. We present an anatomic variation not reported before in which aberrant right vertebral artery originates from left subclavian artery proximal to left vertebral artery. Based on understanding embryological development of normal right vertebral artery and relative variations, we propose a new classification pattern different from study of Tommory Kumar Maiti et al. We discuss different patterns’ embryologic characteristics and analyze variation of our case: persistence of the right proximal dorsal aorta lead to a verteral artery from distal to the left subclavian artery and then the vertebral artery migrate to left subclavian artery, located on proximal to normal left vertebral artery. In conclusion, though variation of our case is exceedingly rare, we still should remember it in the back of our mind. In endovascular and surgical operations, an undiagnosed variation may be a potential risk. To some extent, finding and understanding variations can help us avoid related complications.
A Novel Approach to Secure Hashing: Implementing Chaotic Hash Functions for Enhanced Security
Authors: Li Yuxuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study introduces an innovative hash function based on a one-dimensional chaotic map, showcasing its strong security capabilities through extensive experimental validation. The development of hash functions has received increasing attention in recent years due to their crucial role in a wide range of information and computer science applications, such as cryptography, ensuring data integrity, and facilitating data indexing. Our chaotic map exhibits robust chaotic behavior, characterized by its high sensitivity to initial conditions and its inherent unpredictability, making it an ideal foundation for the hash function. This function is capable of effectively transforming variable-length input data into 256-bit hash values. It can be easily adapted for different output bit lengths with minimal adjustments to the algorithm's grouping length. Comprehensive security assessments, including rigorous testing against various potential attacks, have been conducted to confirm the hash function's resilience. The combined use of experimental and analytical evaluation methods has confirmed the exceptional security of our proposed hash function, highlighting its potential for critical applications in data integrity verification and encryption that demand high security.
Wind driven modelling of savonius wind turbine array under varying oblique flow condition
Authors: Laws Praveen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The motivation of the current study is driven by the paucity of literature showing the effect of combining multiple Savonius turbines in a horizontal plane and examines their mutual coupling effect under oblique layout. To gain a quantitative understanding of the interaction mechanism, the flow field surrounding two closely spaced Savonius turbines at different oblique angles is computationally examined. The mutual interaction among Savonius wind turbines enhances the electrical output of individual turbines, and thereby benefits the overall power of the turbiness. A two dimensional wind-driven free rotation analysis is modeled using shear stress transport (SST) k-ω eddy viscosity model for the closure of turbulence in a overset mesh topology. The computational findings of the conventional Savonius turbine are verified integrating benchmark experimental data and that functions as a scale for the forecasting portion of mutual coupling. The mutual coupling effect is analyzed based on the gap distances (S) and varying oblique angles (θ) for two co-rotating Savonius wind turbines. Oblique angle α = 50º demonstrates an ideal value of coupling affect practicable with a percentage increase of 33.81%.
Price Comparison for Gastroenterology Tests and Procedures in the U.S
Authors: Brittan Kevin , DO Kyle Scholten , Barbaretta Jason , Twohig Patrick , Rochling Fedja 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
After The Hospital Price Transparency Final Rule, hospitals were required to post prices for all services with the goal of increasing transparency and clarity for patients undergoing medical tests and evaluations. This data presents the opportunity to analyze variation in prices for commonly performed tests and procedures. We aimed to assess availability of price information and differences in reported costs per procedure of the most common gastroenterology and hepatology tests and procedures.
Methods:
Hospital chargemasters were analyzed for the top 20 rated hospitals and top 20 rated gastroenterology and gastrointestinal surgery hospitals according to US News Report Weekly1,2. Twenty-five hospitals were included in total. Median self-pay price was obtained for the following procedures: ultrasound abdomen, computed tomography abdomen with contrast, magnetic resonance imaging abdomen with contrast, liver elastography, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, liver biopsy, as well as pathology fees for specimens from EGD, colonoscopy, and liver biopsy.
Results:
All hospitals included in the study reported service costs online. However, only 8% of these hospitals reported the cost of all procedures investigated. Significant cost variation was seen in all procedures. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy had a 51-fold difference in cost in reported price between hospitals, and a colonoscopy similarly was found to have greater than an 80-fold difference.
Conclusion:
Despite The Hospital Price Transparency Final Rule, the availability of costs for gastroenterology medical tests and procedures are not readily accessible or transparent. Of these reported costs, we found notable price discrepancies, and further studies are needed to investigate similar patterns across different insurance payers.
Establishment and validation of a predictive model for tracheotomy in critically ill patients and analysis of the impact of different tracheotomy timing on patient prognosis
Authors: chen xinghua , Zhao Jing Jing , chen cheng , Li Yao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: In critically ill patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), it is unable to determine early which patients require tracheotomy and whether early tracheotomy is beneficial.
Methods:Clinical data of patients who were first admitted to the ICU and underwent invasive ventilation for more than 24 hours in the Medical Information Marketplace in Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database were retrospectively collected. Patients were categorized into successful extubation and tracheotomy groups according to whether they were subsequently successfully extubated or underwent tracheotomy. The patients were randomly divided into model training set and validation set in a ratio of 7:3. Constructing predictive models and evaluating and validating the models. The tracheotomized patients were divided into the early tracheotomy group (<= 7 days) and the late tracheotomy group (>7 days), and the prognosis of the two groups was analyzed.
Results: A total of 7 key variables were screened: Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, pneumonia, traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage, hemorrhagic stroke, left and right pupil responses to light, and parenteral nutrition. The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve of the prediction model constructed through these eight variables was 0.897 (95% CI: 0.876-0.919), and 0.896 (95% CI: 0.866-0.926) for the training and validation sets, respectively. Patients in the early tracheotomy group had a shorter length of hospital stay, IMV duration, and sedation duration compared to the late tracheotomy group (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in survival outcomes between the two groups.
Conclusion The prediction model constructed and validated based on the MIMIC-IV database can accurately predict the outcome of tracheotomy in critically ill patients. Meanwhile, early tracheotomy in critically ill patients does not improve survival outcomes but has potential advantages in shortening the duration of hospitalization, IMV, and sedation.