bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCABNet: A Novel Polyp Segmentation Network With Spatial‐Gradient Attention and Channel Prioritization
Authors: ELKarazle Khaled , Raman Valliappan , Chua Caslon , Then Patrick 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCurrent colorectal polyps detection methods often struggle with efficiency and boundary precision, especially when dealing with polyps of complex shapes and sizes. Traditional techniques may fail to precisely define the boundaries of these polyps, leading to suboptimal detection rates. Furthermore, flat and small polyps often blend into the background due to their low contrast against the mucosal wall, making them even more challenging to detect. To address these challenges, we introduce SCABNet, a novel deep learning architecture for the efficient detection of colorectal polyps. SCABNet employs an encoder‐decoder structure with three novel blocks: the Feature Enhancement Block (FEB), the Channel Prioritization Block (CPB), and the Spatial‐Gradient Boundary Attention Block (SGBAB). The FEB applies dilation and spatial attention to high‐level features, enhancing their discriminative power and improving the model's ability to capture complex patterns. The CPB, an efficient alternative to traditional channel attention blocks, assigns prioritization weights to diverse feature channels. The SGBAB replaces conventional boundary attention mechanisms with a more efficient solution that focuses on the spatial attention of the feature map. It employs a Jacobian‐based approach to construct learned convolutions on both vertical and horizontal components of the feature map. This allows the SGBAB to effectively understand the changes in the feature map across different spatial locations, which is crucial for detecting the boundaries of complex‐shaped polyps. These blocks are strategically embedded within the network's skip connections, enhancing the model's boundary detection capabilities without imposing excessive computational demands. They exploit and enhance features at three levels: high, mid, and low, thereby ensuring the detection of a wide range of polyps. SCABNet has been trained on the Kvasir‐SEG and CVC‐ClinicDB datasets and evaluated on multiple datasets, demonstrating superior results. The code is available on: https://github.com/KhaledELKarazle97/SCABNet.
Oxidative Stress in Kidney of Zebrafish due to Individual and Combined Exposure to Amoxicillin, Arsenic, and Fluoride: Involving Nrf2‐Keap1‐ARE Pathway
Authors: Mukherjee Sunanda , Islam Shehnaz , Sarkar Olivia , Chattopadhyay Ansuman 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTToxic manifestations of different antibiotics and metal compounds have been studied comprehensively in the last decades; however, their co‐toxicity on aquatic organisms is poorly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress imposed on zebrafish kidney tissue when exposed to amoxicillin (AMX, 10 μg/L) alone or in combination with 50 μg/L of As2O3 (equivalent to 37.87 μg/L of As) and/or 15 mg/L of NaF (equivalent to 6.8 mg/L of F) for 15 days. We observed increased levels of cellular ROS, MDA, and GSH along with increased activity of CAT enzyme in all the treated groups. Disrupted histoarchitecture, including degeneration of tubular cells, vacuolation, and necrotic spots, was indicative of oxidative damage. mRNA expression of stress responsive genes like nrf2, gpx1, hsp70, keap1, nqo1, cat, and ho1 corroborated the data. Translocation of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to nucleus and its subsequent expression was higher for all the treated groups. Moreover, the mixture effects of AMX + As + F were more severe than the other combinations, while unique exposure with AMX had minimum effects. Highlighting the involvement of the Nrf2‐Keap1‐ARE pathway, these findings make us aware of the synergistic response of AMX, As, and F in the ecosystem, putting forward a great threat to humankind.
Comparative Study Into the Effect of Detector Noises and Sensitivity on the Serum SERS Analysis: Example of Non‐Communicable Diseases Discrimination
Authors: Bratchenko Lyudmila A. , Khristoforova Yulia A. , Pimenova Irina A. , Snegerev Mikhail S. , Kupaev Vitaly I. , Lebedev Petr A. , Kistenev Yuri V. , Bratchenko Ivan A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study is to compare the performance of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) analysis of serum using a non‐cooled detector (EnSpectr R785) and a high spectral resolution detector (Renishaw) in the task of discrimination between the patients with chronic heart failure and the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The SERS‐based solution of the classification problem demonstrates an insignificant relationship between the disease classification accuracy and detector quality (classification accuracy for the high‐resolution setup is 0.84 and for the low‐cost setup is 0.81). In the data recorded on Renishaw setup, the most significant bands are 611, 675, 720, 804, 1187, 1495, and 1847 cm−1; for the EnSpectr setup—721, 1051, and 1665 cm−1. The results have revealed equal discrimination capabilities in the EnSpectr and the Renishaw setups; however, the Renishaw setup has more prospects for identifying the spectral contribution of pathologically associated analytes.
Comparative Three‐Dimensional Fine Structures of the Rabbit Vocal Fold Using Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Sato Kiminobu , Mark Mengya , Xu Xiaochuan , Rousseau Bernard 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesThe comparative fine structures of the rabbit vocal fold (VF) were investigated using the technique combined with correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to elucidate the functional mechanisms.MethodsSeven normal New Zealand White Rabbit vocal folds were examined using CLEM technique and TEM to investigate their fine structures.ResultsIn contrast to the human VF, the rabbit VF lacked the macula flava and vocal ligament. However, the distribution of fibrous components of the lamina propria (LP) of the rabbit VF was similar to the human VF. Spindle‐shaped and oval‐shaped cells were identified in the LP of the membranous portion of the rabbit VF using CLEM. Furthermore, amorphous materials were produced from vesicles positioned at the periphery of fibroblast cytoplasm. Unlike the human macula flava, stellate cells containing lipid droplets in the cytoplasm were absent in the rabbit VF.ConclusionThe potential utilization of the CLEM technique facilitates the observation of these fine structures in other species commonly employed in animal experiments. Rabbits are considered a suitable species for animal experiments due to the characteristics of the fibrous components of the VF, but it is crucial for researchers to understand the structural and functional distinctions of VF in other species utilized for animal experiments. As the CLEM is a useful technique to evaluate the fine structures of the VF across small species, it is expected to be applied in animal experiments in future studies.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2025
Spatial resolution improvements for photon counting detectors using coincidence counting and frequency weighted reconstruction
Authors: Hsieh Scott S. , Taguchi Katsuyuki , Leng Shuai , McCollough Cynthia H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundPhoton counting X‐ray detectors (PCDs) provide better spatial resolution than energy integrating X‐ray detectors, but even higher resolution is desired in some applications. Certain charge sharing compensation techniques such as coincidence counting preferentially detect photons that arrive at the boundary between pixels, and this could be used for subpixel localization of incident photons and enhanced spatial resolution.PurposeTo estimate improvements to spatial resolution and detective quantum efficiency that are possible when using coincidence counting for high‐resolution, non‐spectral imaging.MethodsThe modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) were estimated using numerical simulations of a two‐dimensional parallel‐beam CT system. Coincidence counters were modeled either geometrically or with Monte Carlo simulations. The geometric model consisted of narrow coincidence counters that interlaced with wider ordinary pixels, and showed that using standard filtered backprojection decreases low‐frequency DQE, but that a frequency weighting technique could be used to restore DQE. The Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the possible improvements that could be expected from real systems. The pixel pitch was 0.25 mm and the source apertures considered were 0, 0.125, and 0.5 mm. A numerical stent phantom was also used to illustrate possible improvements.ResultsAssuming a 0.125 mm source aperture and the Monte Carlo model, the limiting MTF (at 10%) increased from 20 to 40 lp/cm using coincidence counters. This can be explained by the increased sampling (and higher Nyquist limit) possible from coincidence counters. In the geometric model, coincidence counters are compared to conventional double sampling techniques such as in‐plane flying focal spot, and the MTF at 38 lp/cm increased from 5% to 53%. Without the frequency weighting technique, low‐frequency DQE was reduced by about 20%, but these losses are recovered with frequency weighting. Improvements are much more modest with the 0.25 mm source aperture because the system becomes source‐limited.ConclusionsCoincidence counting could be used to increase spatial resolution in PCDs. The increases in system resolution could be large if a high‐resolution X‐ray source were available.
Class III Congenital Middle Ear Anomalies: Refining the Teunissen–Cremers Classification Based on Stapes Suprastructure Viability
Authors: Yeon Eun‐Kyeong , Kim Sang Heun , Yi Sumin , Choi Jin Woong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the surgical outcomes of partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) and total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) in class III congenital middle ear anomalies (CMEAs) based on stapes suprastructure integrity and to propose a refined Teunissen–Cremers classification.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingA tertiary academic medical center.MethodsForty‐nine ears from 46 patients with class III CMEAs who underwent ossiculoplasty from 2012 to 2024 were included. Patients were categorized into the viable suprastructure group (26 ears), with intact or mildly dysplastic suprastructures requiring PORP, and the non‐viable suprastructure group (23 ears), with severely dysplastic or absent suprastructures requiring TORP. Exclusion criteria included revision surgeries, other types of CMEAs, and a follow‐up period of <6 months.ResultsPreoperative demographics and hearing thresholds were comparable between groups. Postoperative air–bone gap (ABG) closure within 10 dB was significantly more frequent in the viable group (80.8%) compared to that in the non‐viable group (52.2%, P = .033). ABG closure within 20 dB was achieved in 100% of the viable group and 91.3% of the non‐viable group (P = .215). Postoperative complications, including sensorineural hearing loss and prosthesis extrusion, were similar between groups (P > .05).ConclusionsOssiculoplasty with PORP in viable cases demonstrated better ABG closure compared to TORP in non‐viable cases. Further investigation is warranted to determine the influence of baseline hearing differences on these outcomes. A refined Teunissen–Cremers classification, subdividing class IIIa into IIIa1 (viable) and IIIa2 (non‐viable) based on stapes suprastructure integrity, may improve prosthesis selection and prognostic assessment.
Magnetic Field Enhanced CO2 Decomposition in a Non‐Thermal Plasma
Authors: Mahanta Deepjyoti , Joychandra Singh W. , Marak Flossie B. F. Ch. , Moulick Rakesh , Chakraborty Monojit , Aomoa Ngangom 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, experimental results on magnetic field assisted enhancement of CO2 decomposition into CO and O in a non‐thermal plasma is presented. The effect of perpendicular and axial magnetic fields on the CO2 breakdown and CO2 decomposition are studied. Paschen curves are plotted to study gas breakdown while optical emission spectroscopy and gas sensors are used to detect CO2 decomposition. Application of a perpendicular magnetic field increases the breakdown voltage and decreases the CO2 decomposition, while an axial magnetic field reduces the breakdown voltage and increases CO2 decomposition. This improvement in the CO2 decomposition by the application of axial magnetic field can have positive implications in various fields of research on CO2 decomposition.
Phytochemicals Targeting Mitophagy to Treat Heart Diseases: Retrospective Insights and Prospective Directions
Authors: Dong Qin , Zhu Yichan , Zhang Xinghai , Li Lu , Yang Yi , Liu Chuan , Wen Jianxia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMitophagy is a process by which cells selectively eliminate damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria through the autophagy–lysosome pathway, thereby maintaining mitochondrial quality and cellular homeostasis. This process is closely linked to the onset and progression of various heart diseases. Modern pharmacological research has demonstrated that phytochemicals can regulate mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiomyocytes through multiple mechanisms, influencing mitophagy and protecting cardiomyocytes, which in turn exerts anti‐cardiovascular effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects are not yet fully understood. This study summarizes the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of mitophagy in heart diseases, aiming to provide reference for the research and treatment of phytochemicals targeting mitophagy against heart diseases. The results indicated that phytochemicals (such as Berberine, Ginsenoside Rg1, Quercetin, Resveratrol, Baicalein, and so on) can exert preventive and therapeutic effects on heart diseases (such as cardiac toxicity or damage, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, heart aging, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, and so on.) via regulating the PINK1/Parkin and FUNDC1‐dependent mitophagy pathway. These compounds mainly exert their effects by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. This study provides a reference that phytochemicals have effect on anti‐cardiovascular effects by regulating mitophagy. However, further in‐depth mechanistic and clinical research are needed in the future.
Network Delay Forecast and Master–Slave Consistency Enhancement for Remote Surgical Robots
Authors: Li Jinhua , Zhang Chi , Guan Bo , Niu Haitao , Zhao Jianchang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe inevitable network delay can directly impact the process of remote surgeries and affect the master–slave motion consistency, and sudden changes in delay can compromise surgical safety.MethodsFirstly, real‐time calibration of unidirectional network delays is performed. Subsequently, the network delay is forecasted with a real‐time training parallel recurrent neural network for safety warnings, and the real‐time forecast of slave manipulator position is performed to enhanced the master–slave motion consistency. Finally, the forecast accuracy across multiple scales is assessed to provide feedback.ResultsThe programme can operate on standard computers at distances of at least 630 km. Our forecast method meets the real‐time requirement, demonstrates strong generalisation capabilities and reduces the impact of network delay on master–slave motion consistency to approximately 20%–80% of its original level.ConclusionsThe proposed forecast method enables real‐time delay forecast for remote surgeries, reducing the impact of delay on master–slave motion consistency.
A Convex Optimization Approach to Compute Trapping Regions for Lossless Quadratic Systems
Authors: Liao Shih‐Chi , Leonid Heide A. , Hemati Maziar S. , Seiler Peter J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTQuadratic systems with lossless quadratic terms arise in many applications, including models of atmosphere and incompressible fluid flows. Such systems have a trapping region if all trajectories eventually converge to and stay within a bounded set. Conditions for the existence and characterization of trapping regions have been established in prior work for boundedness analysis. However, prior solutions have used non‐convex optimization methods, resulting in conservative estimates. In this paper, we build on this prior work and provide a convex semidefinite programming condition for the existence of a trapping region. The condition allows for precise verification or falsification of the existence of a trapping region. If a trapping region exists, then we provide a second semidefinite program to compute the least conservative radius of the spherical trapping region. Two low‐dimensional systems are provided as examples to illustrate the results. A third high‐dimensional example is also included to demonstrate that the computation required for the analysis can be scaled to systems of up to states. The proposed method provides a precise and computationally efficient numerical approach for computing trapping regions. We anticipate this work will benefit future studies on modeling and control of lossless quadratic dynamical systems.
Robust Control Strategy for Networked Semi‐Markov Jump System With Random Delay
Authors: Qiu Li , Teng Jie , Chen Runjie , He Baixi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA robust controller design method for networked control systems experiencing random delays, external disturbances, and random switching of subsystems is proposed. The random delays and subsystem switching process are simulated by using Markov and semi‐Markov chains, respectively. Considering various complex factors that affect system performance, a model of a networked semi‐Markov jump system (NSMJS) is established. In order to obtain system stability conditions and improve system disturbance resistance, a Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional is constructed by combining semi‐Markov jump theory. The mean‐square stability criterion and robust stabilization criterion for the NSMJS are proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is validated through numerical simulations.
Prescribed‐Time Fault‐Tolerant Control of Linear Time‐Varying Systems by Linear Time‐Varying Feedback
Authors: Dong Jiacheng , Zhou Bin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the prescribed‐time fault‐tolerant control for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) linear time‐varying (LTV) systems is investigated. Both lexicographically fixed and non‐lexicographically fixed LTV systems have been considered. By leveraging the special structure of the controllable canonical form and employing the properties of the parametric Lyapunov equation, a global prescribed‐time fault‐tolerant controller is designed. With the aid of a suitable Lyapunov‐like function, it is demonstrated that the state can converge to zero within the prescribed time. The convergence time is independent of the initial condition. In addition, the designed controller is continuous, bounded, and even maintains a linear and concise form. Ultimately, the effectiveness of the controller is verified through the simulation of the elliptical orbital rendezvous system.
Optimal Control of Directional False Discovery Rates in Large‐Scale Testing
Authors: Tang Guozhu , Kang Yicheng , Xiang Dongdong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe high‐throughput biomedical technology enables measurement of thousands of gene expression levels contemporaneously. A major task in analyzing these gene expression data is to identify both over‐expressed and under‐expressed genes. The popular two‐group models select the non‐null genes without further classifying them as overexpression or underexpression. Consequently, two‐group decision rules are unable to constrain the numbers of falsely discovered over‐expressed or under‐expressed genes respectively. We propose a general three‐group model that allows dependence between the test statistics and develop a decision rule that separately controls the two types of false discoveries. We show that the optimal decision rule in our three‐group model has a special monotonic structure. By making use of this monotonic structure, we can linearize the two‐directional false discovery rate constraints. We prove that our decision rule optimizes the expected number of true discoveries while controlling the proportions of falsely discovered over‐expressed and under‐expressed genes at desired levels simultaneously. The data‐driven versions of the proposed procedures are suggested, and their consistency is established. Comparisons with state‐of‐the‐art approaches and applications to genomic studies show that our procedures work well.
Enhanced Non‐Invasive Radio Frequency Heating Using 2D Pyrite (Pyritene)
Authors: Rajeev Karthik , Ipaves Bruno , Campos de Oliveira Caique , Punathil Raman Sreeram , Kar Swastik , S Galvao Douglas , Alves da Silva Autreto Pedro , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRadiofrequency (RF) heating is a new, less invasive alternative to invasive heating methods that use nanoparticles for tumour therapy. But pinpoint local heating is still hard. Molecular interactions form a hybrid structure with unique electrical characteristics that enable RF heating in this work, which explores RF heating in a biological cell (yeast)‐2D FeS2 system. Substantial processes have been uncovered via experimental investigations and density functional theory (DFT) computations. At 3 W and 50 MHz, RF heating reaches 54°C in 40 s, which is enough to kill yeast cells, while current‐voltage measurements reveal ionic diode‐like properties. Interactions between yeast lipid molecules and 2D FeSk, as shown by density‐functional theory calculations, cause an imbalance in the distribution of charges and the creation of polar, conductive channels. Insights into biological heating applications based on radio frequency (RF) technology are offered by this work, which lays forth a framework for investigating 2D material‐biomolecule interactions.
The Effect of Early Initiation of Physiotherapy on the Functional Recovery of Dogs That Underwent Femoral Head Ostectomy
Authors: Khazayee Vahid , Emamjomeh Ehsan , Paryani Mohamadreza 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSome hip or femur disorders lead to femoral head osteotomy surgery. After surgery, it is necessary to start physical therapy for faster recovery of the animal. Physiotherapy includes different devices such as stimulators or lasers and methods like manual therapy and massage.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to show the different methods of physiotherapy used in 19 dogs after femoral head osteotomy, and also to collect information about the time between the start of physiotherapy after surgery and the duration of their recovery.MethodNineteen dogs that underwent femoral head osteotomy surgery were given physiotherapy after 2 days. The treatment methods used are cold therapy and heat therapy, ultrasound, laser therapy, electrical stimulation, massage, passive joint movement and passive stretching. Lameness score and muscle size were measured at the beginning of physiotherapy and at the tenth session.ResultThere was no significant difference between the size of the muscles at the beginning of the physiotherapy session and the 10 sessions after that, but the evaluation of the lameness score showed a significant difference.ConclusionEarly start of physiotherapy after surgery is very important and leads to faster recovery of the patient.