bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digestibility of Dry Matter, Protein, Lipid, and Organic Matter of Two Fish Meals, Two Poultry By‐product Meals, Soybean Meal, and Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles in Practical Diets for Sunshine Bass, Morone chrysops ×M. saxatilis
Authors: Thompson Kenneth R. , Rawles Steven D. , Metts Linda S. , Smith Re’Gie , Wimsatt Ashley , Gannam Ann L. , Twibell Ronald G. , Johnson Ronald B. , Brady Yolanda J. , Webster Carl D. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Limited information is available on digestibility of nutrients in various practical ingredients used in diets for commercially important finfish species, such as hybrid striped bass. This information is especially needed for sunshine bass, Morone chrysops ×M. saxatilis, to improve least‐cost diet formulations and to allow effective substitution of feedstuffs. A study was conducted with large (867 g) sunshine bass to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for moisture, protein, lipid, and organic matter (OM) in a variety of ingredients in floating, extrusion‐processed, diets. The practical ingredients tested were menhaden (MEN) fish meal (FM), anchovy (ANCH) FM, pet‐food grade poultry by‐product meal, feed‐grade poultry by‐product meal, dehulled soybean meal (SBM), and distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Test diets consisted of a 70:30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (1.0%) as the inert marker. Reference and test diet ingredients were mixed and extruded on a Wenger X85 single‐screw extruder to produce floating pellets. The digestibility trials were conducted in twelve 1200‐L circular tanks. Diets were randomly assigned to tanks of 30 sunshine bass and were fed once daily to satiation. Protein digestibility coefficients were significantly (P < 0.05) different among test ingredients and ranged from 86.42% for MEN to 64.94% for DDGS. Lipid ADCs were significantly different (P < 0.05) among test ingredients and ranged from 92.14% for MEN to 57.11% for SBM. OM ADCs were significantly different (P < 0.05) among test ingredients and ranged from 89.41% for MEN to 16.94% for DDGS. This information will assist in the formulation of more efficient, economical diets for sunshine bass.
Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Sperm of the Left‐eyed Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus
Authors: You Feng , Xu Jianhe , Zhu Xiangping , Xu Yongli , Zhang Peijun 
Published: May 2008

Abstract In this study, at proper dosage of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (180 sec: 36,000 erg/mm2), sperm chromosomes of left‐eyed flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, were inactivated, while spermatozoa maintained ability to move and inseminate eggs. Gynogenetic haploids were detected by morphological observation, chromosome counting, and flow cytometer analysis. The ultrastructure of treated sperm was observed under scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and transmission electronic microscope (TEM). The results showed that after being irradiated at lower dosage of irradiation (0–180 sec: 0–36,000 erg/mm2), the surface structure of spermatozoa was not affected by UV irradiation, while the inner structures including membrane system and karyoplasm denseness of treated spermatozoa were little changed. However, obvious changes were observed in their membrane system, mitochondria, and nucleus if the dosage of irradiation increased to 240 sec: 48,000 erg/mm2 or 300 sec: 60,000 erg/mm2. The sperm survival rates did not change at the lower dosages of the UV irradiation (0–180 sec: 0–36,000 erg/mm2) but decreased as the irradiation dosage increased. The motility of treated sperm was lower than that of control group in general but did not change with UV irradiation dosage increasing at the certain range of 0–300 sec: 0–60,000 erg/mm2.
Clinical and functional outcomes in Middle Eastern patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Alhamad Esam H. , Masood Mohamed , Shaik Shaffi Ahmad , Arafah Maha 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground:  Baseline clinical and physiological variables have been described as relevant predictors of survival among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, substantial heterogeneity in both survival time and mortality has been observed with many of these predictive factors. The incidence and mortality rates of IPF vary from country to country, with race potentially contributing to such variations.Objective:  We sought to describe baseline clinical features to determine their predictive value among Middle Eastern patients diagnosed with IPF.Methods:  We retrospectively examined 61 patients diagnosed with IPF at a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Results:  At presentation, most patients exhibited either dyspnea or cough. The median survival time for all patients was 92 months. Diminished survival was significantly associated with finger clubbing (P = 0.01). Factors not influencing survival were age, gender, percent predicted forced vital capacity, percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s, percent predicted total lung capacity, percent predicted diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide and resting oxygen saturation.Conclusions:  Finger clubbing is a significant predictive variable and was associated with a 5‐fold increase in mortality. Other baseline demographic characteristics as well as pulmonary function tests were not predictive of prognosis in Middle Eastern patients with IPF. It appears that IPF patients of Middle Eastern descent have a longer median survival curve compared to other races.Please cite this paper as: Alhamad EH, Masood M, Shaik SA and Arafah M. Clinical and functional outcomes in Middle Eastern patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 220–226.
A SUCCESSFUL ANAEMIA MANAGEMENT ALGORITHM THAT ACHIEVES AND MAINTAINS OPTIMUM HAEMOGLOBIN STATUS
Authors: Benton Sharon 
Published: May 2008

SUMMARYThe paper describes the need for the introduction of an anaemia management algorithm. It discussed the problems which the unit had in constant reviewing and re‐prescribing ESA to maintain optimum haemoglobin levels for the unit's patients. The method used to create and use the algorithm is explained. The findings demonstrate the beneficial effects of using the algorithm. The paper concludes with the recommendation that algorithms should be more widely used for better treatment outcomes.
NURSES' KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF VASCULAR ACCESS INFECTION CONTROL IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
Authors: Higgins Margaret , Evans David S. 
Published: May 2008

SUMMARYVascular access hygiene is an integral component of haemodialysis care. Ensuring nurses possess sufficient knowledge and utilise recommended guidelines on infection control is essential for safe practice and patient safety. The study aimed to investigate nurses' knowledge and practice of vascular access infection control among adult haemodialysis patients in the Republic of Ireland.A confidential self‐completion questionnaire was sent to all 190 qualified nurses employed in nine haemodialysis units in the Republic of Ireland, which assessed knowledge and behaviour in infection control.Although 92% of respondents reported that policies had been developed by their units and 47% had received infection control education in the previous year, knowledge and adherence to best practice demonstrated significant scope for improvement. The study recommended the development of standard guidelines and regular reviews and updates of policies. Systems should also be developed to ensure a high level of compliance.
PATIENT EXPERIENCE OF DIALYSIS REFUSAL OR WITHDRAWAL—A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Noble Helen , Meyer Julienne , Bridges Jackie , Kelly Daniel , Johnson Barbara , DipCommNurs, SRN, HV  
Published: May 2008

SUMMARY Aim. The aim of this literature review was to advance understanding of dialysis refusal and withdrawal in relation to the experiences of patients and carers and to explore the trajectory to death of those abating dialysis. Method. Databases searched included CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, British Nursing Index, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, ASSIA and Cancerlit. Forty‐four quantitative papers and two qualitative papers were identified. Findings. The patient and carer experience is rarely explored in the literature but issues related to ‘Making decisions to withhold/forego or withdraw treatment’, ‘Length of survival without dialysis’, Prevalence of symptoms in end‐stage renal disease’, ‘The utilisation of Advance Directives’ and ‘The impact on families’ throw some light on the phenomena of dialysis refusal and withdrawal. Conclusions. Little is known about those patients who withdraw from or decide not to commence dialysis. Empirical studies related to those who opt not to embark on dialysis are limited to four worldwide. There is an urgent need for further research to determine the experiences and needs of this population and a more patient‐centred approach is required, consistent with modern palliative medicine.
BUTTONHOLE CANNULATION: SHOULD THIS BECOME THE DEFAULT TECHNIQUE FOR DIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH NATIVE FISTULAS? Summary of the EDTNA/ERCA Journal Club discussion Autumn 2007
Authors: Murcutt Gareth 
Published: May 2008

SUMMARYThe paper discussed during autumn 2007 was a report entitled ‘Cannulating in haemodialysis: rope‐ladder or buttonhole technique?’ published in Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. The authors agreed to follow the discussion and respond to points raised. Twenty‐three expert contributors from 13 different countries provided evidence, opinion and historical insights into vascular access techniques for chronic haemodialysis patients. All contributors who had introduced the buttonhole technique for patients with native arterio‐venous fistulas (AVFs) had found benefits for patients in terms of ease of cannulation, reduced pain and even reduced aneurysm formation. The discussion included expert advice on needling protocols, track formation and the sharp versus blunt needles debate. The buttonhole technique is virtually unheard of in some countries and the discussion covered some of the potential barriers to its introduction and offered advice on also how to overcome some of these issues.
CE: Continuing Education Article VASCULAR ACCESS MANAGEMENT 1: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: McCann Margaret , Einarsdóttir Hildur , Van Waeleghem Jean‐Pierre , Murphy F. , Sedgewick J. 
Published: May 2008

SUMMARYVascular access for renal replacement therapy (RRT) is seen as one of the most challenging areas confronting the nephrology multidisciplinary team. The vascular access of choice is the arterio‐venous fistula (AVF) followed by the arterio‐venous graft (AVG) and central venous catheter (CVC). A successful vascular access programme requires forward planning ensuring that enough time is available for the preservation of the access site, its creation and maturation. Successful cannulation of the vascular access requires on the part of the nephrology nurse, clinical expertise and knowledge on the management of different types of vascular access including different cannulation techniques.
CAN USING A QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ASSESSMENT OF HOME VISITS TO PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS MAKE A DIFFERENCE TO THE TREATMENT OUTCOME?
Authors: Kazancioglu Rumeyza , Ozturk Savas , Ekiz Serpil , Yucel Lamia , Dogan Sevel 
Published: May 2008

SUMMARYTraining provided by dialysis nurses to the patients is of great importance in peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study aimed to examine how PD patients continue with the training and practice taught in this unit and correlate these data with the incidence of peritonitis.Home visits were paid to 32 patients. A form including questions about ‘knowledge and skill’ and dialysis environment was filled in for each patient. Answers were graded out of 100 points and were reported as average, percentage and minimum‐maximum values.The mean ‘knowledge and skill’ criterion scoring was 79.8 ±14.0, and the mean score for the dialysis environment was 87.7 ±10.9. There was a significant correlation between the ‘knowledge and skill’ and environmental scores. Meaningful correlations were detected between the ‘knowledge and skill’ score as well as the environmental score with the rate of peritonitis. Training is of vital importance in PD practice, but results show that the dialysis environment is as important as the patient's knowledge or skill in exchanges.
NEW CHOICES FOR PATIENTS NEEDING KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION ACROSS ANTIBODY BARRIERS
Authors: Higgins Rob , Hathaway Mark , Lowe David , Zehnder Daniel , Krishnan Nithya , Hamer Rizwan , Briggs David 
Published: May 2008

SUMMARYAntibodies in the blood of a kidney transplant recipient can provide a barrier to transplantation, which is additional to the usual possibility of cellular rejection. The antibodies most frequently encountered are ABO (blood group) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) (tissue‐type) antibodies. About 250 living donor transplants each year in the United Kingdom have been stopped because of an antibody barrier. It is now possible to offer a choice of treatment modalities to these people, including exchange transplantation and antibody‐incompatible transplantation. It is likely that both schemes will complement each other and both are available in the United Kingdom.
Clinical and endoscopic features of gastric varices secondary to splenic vein occlusion
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Yamazaki Katsu , Akaike Jun , Toyota Jouji , Karino Yoshiyasu , Ohmura Takumi 
Published: May 2008

Aim:  This study provides a retrospective evaluation of cases with gastric varices secondary to splenic vein occlusion.Methods:  Our study group consisted of 14 patients. The clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and therapeutic modalities were analyzed retrospectively.Results:  Eleven patients had co‐existing pancreatic diseases: seven with chronic pancreatitis, three with cancer of the pancreatic body or tail and one with severe acute pancreatitis. Among the three remaining patients, one had advanced left renal cancer, one had myeloproliferative disease and the third had splenic vein occlusion due to an obscure cause. A diagnosis of gastric varices was made following endoscope gastroduodenoscopy or endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography (ECDUS), and splenic vein occlusions were diagnosed from enhanced computed tomography in all cases. Specific findings of gastric varices secondary to splenic vein occlusion were based on ECDUS color flow images of gastric variceal flow that clearly depicted round cardiac and fundal regions at the center, with varices expanding to the curvatura ventriculi major of the gastric body. For three cases with gastric variceal bleeding, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy using a mixture of histoacryl and lipiodol (70% histoacryl solution) was performed, after which no further bleeding from gastric varices was detected. Due to a high risk of gastric variceal rupture, splenectomy was performed in two cases and splenic arterial embolization in another two cases.Conclusion:  ECDUS color flow images of gastric variceal flow depicted specific findings of gastric varices secondary to splenic vein occlusion. Treatment should take into account the diseases underlying these conditions.
Optimal duration of additional therapy after biochemical and virological responses to lamivudine in patients with HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B: a randomized trial
Authors: Enomoto Masaru , Tamori Akihiro , Kohmoto Madoka Toyama , Hayashi Takehiro , Morikawa Hiroyasu , Jomura Hisato , Sakaguchi Hiroki , Habu Daiki , Kawada Norifumi , Shiomi Susumu , Nishiguchi Shuhei 
Published: May 2008

Aim:  The endpoint of treatment with nucleoside analogs remains unclear for patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative chronic hepatitis B. We report the results of a randomized trial to determine the optimal duration of additional therapy after response to lamivudine in HBeAg‐negative patients.Methods:  Twenty‐two patients with HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B who exhibited biochemical and virological responses to lamivudine were enrolled. When patients responded to treatment, they were randomly assigned to receive 12 more months of therapy (Group A, 11 patients) or 24 more months of therapy (Group B, 11 patients).Results:  The baseline characteristics of the patients were similar in the two groups. Biochemical and virological responses were obtained in all patients within 6 months. Drug resistance developed in one patient in Group A during month 7 of additional therapy, and in five patients in Group B from months 13–23 of additional therapy. Ten patients in Group A and six in Group B completed the protocol and were included in analysis. Eight of the 10 patients in Group A experienced relapse between months 2 and 14 after the discontinuation of therapy, while three of the six patients in Group B experienced relapse between months 2 and 24. There was no difference in cumulative relapse rate between the groups (P = 0.275).Conclusion:  Additional therapy with lamivudine for longer than 12 months after biochemical and virological responses in patients with HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B could increase the risk of drug resistance, but did not reduce the rate of relapse.
Thermodynamically Consistent Anisotropic Plasticity Model
Authors: Lukyanov Alexander A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to consider the thermodynamically consistent anisotropic plasticity model based on full decomposition of stress tensor into generalized deviatoric part and generalized spherical part of stress tensor. Two fundamental tensors αij and βij, which represent anisotropic material properties, are defined and can be considered as generalizations of the Kronecker delta symbol, which plays the main role in the theory of isotropic materials. Using two fundamental tensors αij and βij, the concept of total generalized “pressure” and pressure corresponding to the volumetric deformation is redefined. It is shown that the formulation of anisotropic plasticity in the case of incompressible plastic flow must be considered independently from the generalized hydrostatic pressure. Accordingly, a modification to the anisotropic Hill criterion is introduced. Based on experimental research, which has been published, the modified Hill (1948, “A Theory of the Yielding and Plastic Flow of Anisotropic Metals,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 193(1033), pp. 281–297;1950, Mathematical Theory of Plasticity, Clarendon, Oxford) criterion for anisotropic elastoplasticity is validated. The results are presented and discussed, and future studies are outlined.
Hard Facts About Soft Animals
Authors: Glaubrecht Matthias 
Published: May 2008

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca.Winston F. Ponder and David R. Lindberg, Eds.. University of California Press, Berkeley, 2008. 481 pp. $49.95, £29.95. ISBN 9780520250925.The contributors combine data from anatomy, ecology, paleontology, and genomics to provide a summary of what we do and do not know about the evolutionary relationships of molluscs.
Appraisal of Interpretation Criteria for the Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Cattle in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Ameni Gobena , Hewinson Glyn , Aseffa Abraham , Young Douglas , Vordermeier Martin 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTAccurate detection and removal of infected cattle, using immunodiagnostic tests such as the comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) test, are the basis of control strategies for bovine tuberculosis (TB). According to the Office des Internationale Epizooties recommendation, the cutoff point for positivity of the CIDT test, calculated as the difference between skin thicknesses after bovine tuberculin (B) and avian tuberculin (A) injections (B−A), is >4 mm. This cutoff point is used worldwide, although it is likely that local conditions influence test performance. Thus, this study was formulated to determine CIDT test cutoff points applicable to cattle in central Ethiopia. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for the CIDT test, using data from 186Bos indicus(zebu) andBos taurus(Holstein) cattle. Detailed postmortem examination for the presence of TB lesions was used to define disease status. At a cutoff of >2 mm, CIDT test sensitivity was 69% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 58.5 to 79%), while it was 59% (95% CI, 49 to 69%) at a cutoff of >4 mm. In contrast, specificities of the CIDT test at these two cutoff values were identical, at 97% (95% CI, 89 to 100%). Thus, the maximum sensitivity of the CIDT test can be realized using a >2-mm cutoff without affecting specificity. The apparent prevalence was significantly (χ2= 13.56;P< 0.001) higher at a cutoff of >2 mm (16.0%;n= 5,424) than at a >4-mm cutoff (13.5%;n= 5,424). Nonetheless, no significant difference (χ2= 2.15;P= 0.14) in true prevalence was observed at a cutoff of >2 mm (19.6%) and at a cutoff of >4 mm (18.5%). Thus, our study demonstrates the importance of defining local, relevant cutoff values to maximize test sensitivity, and we suggest the application of the >2-mm cutoff for testing of cattle in central Ethiopia.
Antibodies to Proteinase 3 Prime Human Oral, Lung, and Kidney Epithelial Cells To Secrete Proinflammatory Cytokines upon Stimulation with Agonists to Various Toll-Like Receptors, NOD1, and NOD2
Authors: Uehara Akiko , Hirabayashi Yasuhiko , Takada Haruhiko 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are autoantibodies, the detection of which in serum can be used in the diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Proteinase 3 (PR3) is a major target antigen of ANCA in WG patients, and the interaction of PR3 ANCA with leukocytes causes a debilitating autoimmune disease. The first signs and symptoms in WG patients are observed in the oral cavity, lungs, and kidneys. Human epithelial cells generally do not secrete proinflammatory cytokines upon stimulation with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In this study, anti-PR3 antibodies (Abs) and PR3 ANCA-containing sera from WG patients endowed human oral, lung, and kidney epithelial cells with responsiveness to PAMPs in terms of the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) agonist peptides mimicked the priming effects of PR3 ANCA against PAMPs. Furthermore, the anti-PR3 Ab-mediated cell activation was significantly abolished by RNA interference targeting PAR-2 and NF-κB. This is the first report of priming effects of anti-PR3 Abs (PR3 ANCA) on epithelial cells. The results suggest that anti-PR3 Abs (PR3 ANCA) prime human epithelial cells to produce cytokines upon stimulation with various PAMPs, and these mechanisms may be involved in severe chronic inflammation in WG.