bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparing Articles on Photocatalysis—Beyond the Illusions, Misconceptions, and Speculation
Authors: Ohtani Bunsho 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
A growing number of papers on research subjects relating to photocatalysis have and will continue to be submitted and published in scientific journals. Some of these, published or still under review, include illusions and misconceptions that may, from a scientific point of view, adversely affect the writing of academic papers and hamper the development of scientific and technological research in this field. In the present article, the author would like to point out the problems that researchers in photocatalysis encounter when writing articles. In fact, one of the most serious concerns regarding the abstracts contained in most scientific papers is that they often include misleading speculation(s) which are not based on sound scientific evidence yet may be interpreted as truth. A fair number of readers, especially busy ones, may read only the titles and abstracts without serious consideration or analysis of the discussions. Reviewers and editors need to consider such problems, as might be expected, however, the reader community also needs to be instructed of such aspects in order to gain a more correct understanding of what is and is not acceptable. This article aims to present an analysis of such inherent problems in hopes of improving the quality of the research work and scientific papers in this field.
Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Azomethine Imines to Allyl Alcohol
Authors: Kato Tomomitsu , Fujinami Shuhei , Ukaji Yutaka , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine imines to allyl alcohol was achieved by utilizing diisopropyl (R,R)-tartrate as a chiral auxiliary to afford the corresponding optically active trans-pyrazolidines with excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities.
High Hole Mobilities in the Amorphous Films of 2,7-Di(9-carbazolyl)-9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole
Authors: Tomkeviciene Ausra , Grazulevicius Juozas V , Jankauskas Vygintas 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
2,7-Di(9-carbazolyl)-9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole was synthesized and investigated as new effective hole-transporting material. The synthesized compound showed high thermal stability with the initial weight loss temperature of 400 °C. It forms glass with glass-transition temperature of 88 °C. Hole drift mobilities in the amorphous films of the newly synthesized compound exceeded 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 at high electric field, as characterized by the xerographic time of flight technique.
Two Novel Asymmetric Eremophilane Dimers from the Roots of Ligularia virgaurea
Authors: Zhang Zhan-Xin , Wang Chun-Ming , Fei Dong-Qing , Jia Zhong-Jian 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Virgaurol A (1) and B (2), two novel dimeric eremophilanes in whose structures the two asymmetric sesquiterpene units are connected by a C–C bond directly, have been isolated from the roots of Ligularia virgaurea. Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectral analysis. Compound 1 was evaluated for its in vitro cytotoxic activity against human leukemia (HL-60), human hepatoma (SMMC-7721), and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(4-butyltriphenylamine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) Triblock Copolymers
Authors: Fujioka Masahiro , Sato Hisaya , Tsuchiya Kousuke , Ogino Kenji 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(4-butyltriphenylamine)-b-(polyethylene oxide) triblock copolymers (PEO-b-PBTPA-b-PEO) with different block ratio are described. The optical properties of block copolymers were investigated by UV–vis absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. From atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation of the annealed thin films of block copolymers, microphase-separated morphology was observed.
Morphological Transformation of Ultrathin Gold Nanosheets to Rounded Nanotapes in the Photomediated Reduction Process
Authors: Shiraki Tomohiro , Morikawa Masa-aki , Kimizuka Nobuo 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Photoreduction of AuCl4− ions in the presence of o-phthalaldehyde (o-PA) in water provides ultrathin gold nanosheets which show surprising morphological changes to saw-edged nanosheets, multipored sheets, and rounded nanotapes depending on the reaction temperature.
The potential of digital monochrome images versus colour slides in telescreening for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Johansen Monika Alise , Fossen Kristian , Norum Jan , Christoffersen Terje , Øritsland Håkon , Haga Daniel , Hasvold Per , Bellika Johan Gustav , Knarvik Undine , Pedersen Steinar 
Published: February 2008

Summary We explored the potential of digital monochrome images as an alternative to colour slides in screening for diabetic retinopathy. Twenty-eight patients with diabetes were recruited for the study and 20 actually participated. Using a fundus camera (Nikon 505AF) one set of three digital images and one set of three colour slides were taken per eye. Two independent ophthalmologists graded the colour slides and the digital images for diabetic retinopathy. The ophthalmologists spent about two minutes grading each set of images, suggesting that specialists could potentially screen a large number of patients. The agreement between the two screening methods was 0.95 and 0.89, with respect to disease or no disease. The agreement ( κ) between the two ophthalmologists for grade of retinopathy was 0.47 when colour slides were employed and 0.61 when digital monochrome images were employed. The results indicate that digital red-free monochrome images represent a superior screening tool for diabetic retinopathy. Tele-screening may be beneficial when patients have to travel substantial distances to visit an ophthalmologist.
Mobile teledermatology: a feasibility study of 58 subjects using mobile phones
Authors: Ebner Christoph , Wurm Elisabeth MT , Binder Barbara , Kittler Harald , Lozzi Gian Piero , Massone Cesare , Gabler Gerald , Hofmann-Wellenhof Rainer , Soyer H Peter 
Published: February 2008

Summary We investigated the diagnostic agreement between teledermatology based on images from a mobile phone camera and face-to-face (FTF) dermatology. Diagnostic agreement was assessed for two teledermatologists (TD) in comparison with FTF consultations in 58 subjects. In almost three-quarters of the cases (TD1: 71%; TD2: 76%), the telediagnosis was fully concordant with the FTF diagnosis. Furthermore, the diagnosed diseases were almost all in the same diagnostic category (TD1: 97%; TD2: 90%). If mobile teledermatology had been used for remote triage, TD1 could have treated 53% subjects remotely and 47% subjects would have had to consult a dermatologist FTF. TD2 could have treated 59% subjects remotely, whereas 41% subjects would have had to consult a dermatologist FTF. Forty-eight subjects responded to a questionnaire, of whom only 10 had any concerns regarding teledermatology. Thirty-one subjects stated that they would be willing to pay to use a similar service in future and suggested an amount ranging from €5 to €50 per consultation (mean €22) (€ = £0.7, US $1.4). These results are encouraging as patient acceptance and reimbursement represent potential obstacles to the implementation of telemedicine services.
An evaluation of second and third generation telecare services in older people's housing
Authors: Brownsell Simon , Blackburn Steven , Hawley Mark S 
Published: February 2008

Summary In a controlled study of older people living in sheltered housing (retirement housing), 24 people provided with telecare were compared with a control group of 28 people. The intervention consisted of second generation telecare equipment, such as automatic flood or falls detectors, a third generation lifestyle reassurance system and an Internet café. After a 12-month monitoring period, there was no noticeable change in the fear of falling. There was no significant difference for eight of the nine SF-36 domains. However, the Social Functioning domain showed a significant difference ( P = 0.049), with scores 8% higher in the intervention group, suggesting a beneficial effect of telecare. Positive trends were also evident in areas such as an increase in the length of time spent out of the home, improved feelings of safety during the day and night, and a reduction in the fear of crime. The Internet café was used by 25% of people for at least 20 min per week. The results suggest that second generation telecare systems and Internet facilities could be more widely used in service delivery, but that lifestyle reassurance requires further development.
Long-term treatment of obese children and adolescents using a telemedicine support programme
Authors: Schiel Ralf , Beltschikow Wadim , Radón Sandra , Kramer Guido , Schmiedel Ralf , Berndt Rolf-Dietrich , Stein Günter 
Published: February 2008

Summary A total of 140 obese patients (mean age 14 years) participated in a structured treatment and teaching programme (STTP) in hospital, with the aim of weight reduction. At both the start and finish of the STTP, patients underwent clinical and psychological examination. During an average hospital stay of 35 days, their mean bodyweight decreased from 82.4 kg to 76.0 kg ( P < 0.001). Patients were then followed up with a telemedicine support programme. During the next 12 months, the acceptance of the telemedicine support programme declined from 93% to 46%. The body mass index was 30.5 kg/m2 at admission and 27.7 kg/m2 at 12-month follow-up ( P < 0.05). In parallel, wellbeing and treatment satisfaction increased, and there was a positive effect on eating behaviour and exercise. Intervention was needed in up to 64% of the children and adolescents who participated in the programme, most frequently due to poor results in exercise. Telemedical follow-up care and counselling seemed to be highly effective, and allowed not only an initial weight reduction, but long-term stabilization as well.
The TeleGuard trial of additional telemedicine care in CAD patients. 1 Utilization of the system
Authors: Katalinic Alexander , Waldmann Annika , Schwaab Bernhard , Richardt Gert , Sheikhzadeh Abdolhamid , Raspe Heiner 
Published: February 2008

Summary Patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) were recruited in 11 hospitals and randomized to an intervention (telemedicine system; n = 752) or a control group (usual medical care; n = 748). On the day before discharge, patients in the intervention group were equipped with a 12-lead event recorder and trained to use the device. Whenever they had symptoms, they could contact the call centre, transmit an ECG (without redialling) and consult a physician. During a 12-month study, 171 patients (23%) in the intervention group contacted the call centre, a total of 269 times. The main reasons for calling were chest pain and radiating pain. Pathological changes were seen in 24% of the transmitted ECGs. Only 23% of the calls were made in the first hour after onset of symptoms and a further 12% in the subsequent hour, suggesting that patients should be encouraged to use ECG transmission at an earlier stage. At follow-up, 157 patients (21%) had had at least one recurrent cardiac event (myocardial infarction, cardiac hospital stay, re-vascularization). The proportion was significantly higher in telemedicine users (35%) than in non-users (17%), P < 0.001. Regardless of utilization, the majority of the intervention patients considered that the telemedicine system was helpful (users = 93%, non-users = 89%; P = 0.095).
Mental health profile of callers to a telephone counselling service
Authors: Burgess Nicole , Christensen Helen , Leach Liana S , Farrer Louise , Griffiths Kathleen M 
Published: February 2008

Summary We studied the mental health profile of callers to a generalist helpline. A survey was conducted in a large telephone counselling centre over a four-week period in 2006. Telephone counsellors administered the survey at the completion of a user's call. The centre answered a total of 1404 calls in the study period. Of these, 439 calls met the inclusion criteria and 270 callers agreed to participate. The survey collected data from callers on demographic variables, anxiety, depression, panic and social phobia, alcohol use, frequency of help seeking from the service, sources of professional help, attitudes to help services and access to the Internet. Callers experienced high levels of anxiety and depression. More frequent callers were older, with very frequent callers more likely to be never married. More frequent callers were more likely to report concerns with loneliness, physical illness and anxiety. There was a significant difference on the Goldberg Anxiety Scale ( P < 0.05), with more frequent callers having higher anxiety scores. However, there was no significant difference on the Goldberg depression scores as a function of call frequency ( P > 0.05). Panic attacks were more common among more frequent callers. These results will be useful in developing new telephone-administered anxiety and depression treatment programmes.
L'imperatore Giovanni VIII Paleologo a Pistoia
Authors: Braccini Tommaso 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Uno dei problemi che affliggono maggiormente lo storico che si occupi del Concilio di Ferrara-Firenze per l'Unione delle Chiese (1438–39) è, notoriamente, la perdurante scarsezza e disorganicità delle fonti, soprattutto occidentali. Nonostante la pubblicazione degli Acta e di altre importanti relazioni, restano infatti molti vuoti che attendono ancora di essere colmati, in primis riguardo agli spostamenti delle varie delegazioni, ed alle attività che furono condotte al di fuori della stretta ufficialità delle sessioni conciliari. Del resto, è emblematico che anche per un evento importante come dovette essere l'arrivo dei Greci a Firenze, con le accoglienze ed i festeggiamenti che furono organizzati per l'occasione, ci si debba rivolgere a quello che rimane sostanzialmente il diario privato di un vinaio fiorentino, Bartolomeo del Corazza, che per giunta ha avuto una tradizione piuttosto fortunosa e non è nemmeno sopravvissuto nella sua interezza. Tutto ciò deve servire da sprone per non abbassare mai la guardia, e soprattutto per non trascurare nessuna possibile fonte d'informazione.
Ein „Integrierter“ Fürstenspiegel im Prooimion der Επιτομη Λογικησ des Nikephoros Blemmydes
Authors: Carelos Pantelis 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Zwischen 1258 und 1264 verfaßte Nikephoros Blemmydes eine Einführung in die Philosophie. Diese εἰσαγωγιϰὴ ἐπιτομὴ ist eine als Doppelhandbuch verfaßte Abhandlung, bestehend aus der ἐπιτομὴ λογιϰης und ἐπιτομὴ фυσιϰης. Während ersteres Werk mit einem Prooimion beginnt, verfügt der zweite Teil über keines. Dies bestätigt, in Verbindung mit weiteren Argumenten, die anderswo dargelegt werden, die These vom Doppelhandbuch, denn das Physiklehrbuch sollte gar nicht als selbständig gelten, sondern eine Fortsetzung der Logik sein. In historischen oder rhetorischen Werken sollte das Prooimion über die Ziele des Werkes belehren, Spannung erzeugen, das Wohlwollen für den Verfasser erwecken (captatio benevolentiae) sowie als Ort für eine direkte oder indirekte Widmung dienen.
Studien zu den Palimpsestfragmenten des sogenannten „Zeremonienbuches“ I. Prolegomena
Authors: Featherstone Michael , Grusková Jana , Kresten Otto 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Daß einer der zentralsten Texte, mit denen sich die Byzantinistik zu beschäftigen hat, das unter dem Namen des Kaisers Konstantinos VII. Porphyrogennetos laufende „Zeremonienbuch“, nicht nur von einem codex unicus, dem Cod. Lips. Univ. Rep. I 17 (gr. 28) (im folgenden: L), repräsentiert wird, sondern daß es daneben auch einen Überlieferungszweig in Palimpsesten gibt, ist der Wissenschaft seit geraumer Zeit bekannt: 1960 veröffentlichten Cyril Mango und Ihor Ševčenko eine erste Studie zu den von ihnen im Cod. Chalc. S. Trinitatis 133 (125) aufgefundenen Palimpsestfragmenten (im folgenden: C), und in den siebziger Jahren des vergangenen Jahrhunderts entdeckten bzw. identifizierten Wolfgang Waldstein und Otto Kresten weitere palimpsestierte Bruchstücke im Cod. Athous Vatop. 1003 (im folgenden: V) und stellten fest, daß die palimpsestierten Folien des Vatopedinus aus dem nämlichen „Muttercodex“ stammen, der auch bei der Anfertigung des Chalcensis palimpsestiert und ausgebeutet wurde.
Pletho's date of death and the burning of his Laws
Authors: Monfasani John 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

I Pletho's Date of Death

In 1976 I denied the correctness of the commonly held date of 1452 for Pletho's death. I argued instead for 1454. The difference of two years meant not only that Pletho lived to see the fall of Constantinople in 1453, but also that a whole series of works in the Plato-Aristotle controversy had to be redated. The basis for the 1452 date is a notice found amid other notes by an unknown hand on the last folio of the fifteenth-century manuscript M. 15 in the University Library in Salamanca and in another series of notes in the hand of Pletho's disciple and admirer Demetrius Raoul Kabakes on f. 50v of Gr. 495 of the Bayerisches Staatsbibliothek, Munich. With only trivial variation, both notes state that Master Gemistus died on the first hour of Monday, 26 June in the fifteenth Indiction. Since the only year in this period in which 26 June falls on a Monday in the fifteenth Indiction is 1452, Pletho's date of death seems well established. Though Kabakes was a bizarre character whose trademark was, in Bidez's phrase, an orthographe fantasiste, the fact that he wrote the notice in Munich Gr. 495 might be viewed as strenghtening its credibility. Futhermore, since Dositheus, Metropolitan of Monembasia seems to have died on 1 September 1452 and on blank folios (ff. 7v–8r) in MS Venice, Bibl. Marc., Zan. Gr. 333 (= 644) Bessarion wrote his memorial verses on Pletho and then his memorial verses on Dositheus, one can argue that in the summer of 1452 Bessarion first heard of Pletho's death and then a few months later of Dositheus'. Nonetheless, the death notice is certainly wrong.
Der Mensch als Selbstaufgabe. Psychologie Gregors von Nyssa in de Perfectione auf dem Hintergrund der Seelenlehre Platos
Authors: Pochoshajew Igor 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Die neuste Ausgabe von Beierwaltes' grundlegender Studie zur Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Platonismus und Christentum, die die Forschungsdebatte seit Harnacks These von einer im zweiten Jahrhundert erfolgten Hellenisierung des Christentums beschäftigt, intendiert bereits in der Formulierung des Titels eine differenzierte Sicht ihres Untersuchungsgegenstands, wobei das Anliegen dann in der Einleitung ausführlich verdeutlicht wird: Die Absicht der Untersuchung ist es, einer unangemessenen Vereinfachung eines komplexen Sachverhaltes durch eine detaillierte Erörterung der Bedeutung der platonischen Denkformen bei den christlichen Theologen entgegenzuwirken. Dieser Zielsetzung wird die überzeugende Abhandlung von Beierwaltes gerecht, indem sie die Bandbreite und Facettenfülle der geistigen Anleihen der christlichen Theologen beim platonischen Geistesgut aufzeigt und erörtert.
Leon (* um 939; † vor 6. April 945): der zweite Sohn Konstantins VII. Porphyrogennetos
Authors: Pratsch Thomas 
Published: February 2008

Zusammenfassung
Konstantin VII. Porphyrogennetos hatte neben seinem bekannten Sohn Romanos (dem späteren Kaiser Romanos II.) noch einen weiteren Sohn namens Leon. Dieser Leon erblickte um 939 das Licht der Welt. Es ist möglich und sogar wahrscheinlich, läßt sich aber nicht mit absoluter Sicherheit sagen, ob er der ältere und damit erstgeborene der beiden Brüder war. Der Altersunterschied der beiden Brüder war jedenfalls nicht allzu groß. Aus einem Brief ihres Vaters geht hervor, daß beide Brüder in ihrer frühen Kindheit anscheinend relativ schwer erkrankt waren. Es ist möglich, aber doch eher unwahrscheinlich, daß gerade diese, in dem Brief erwähnte Erkrankung zum Tode Leons führte. Leon war möglicherweise noch gegen Ende der Herrschaft des Kaisers Romanos I. Lakapenos, im Jahre 944 am Leben. Er starb aber vermutlich in diesem Jahr oder zu Beginn des nächsten Jahres. Am 6. April 945, zum Zeitpunkt der Mitkaiserkrönung seines Bruders Romanos, weilte er jedenfalls nicht mehr unter den Lebenden. Es ist möglich, aber nicht zu beweisen, daß er in dem im Zeremonienbuch erwähnten kleinen Larnakion im Heroon Konstantins des Großen in der Apostelkirche zu Konstantinopel, der Begräbnisstätte seiner Familie, beigesetzt war.
Mediaeval Bulgarian and Serbian theological literature: an essential Vademecum
Authors: Thomson Francis J. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The name of Gerhard PODSKALSKY is well known to all Byzantinists and his works on Russian Christianity and theology (988–1237) and Greek theology (1453–1821) published by Beck in 1982 and 1988 respectively have become classic works of reference. Since both Bulgaria and Serbia were the Empire's immediate neighbours and at various times integral parts of the Byzantine Empire this book is of greater importance for the Byzantinist than the previous two and without any doubt it will find a place in every scholar's library. In his preface the author stresses (p. VII) that the book has been written with Western scholars in mind and for this reason he not only gives brief summaries of the contents of all original Slav works but also lists translations in Western languages of the works discussed, which makes the book invaluable for scholars who do not have a working knowledge of Slavonic and modern Slav languages.
Zu Genese und Kompositionsvorgang der Συνοψισ Χρονικη des Theodoros Skutariotes
Authors: Tocci Raimondo 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Unser Wissen über Theodoros Skutariotes, den Autor der Σύνοψις χϱονιϰή und Metropoliten von Kyzikos (1277–1283), stützt sich im wesentlichen auf sein literarisches Werk, überliefertes Urkundenmaterial und wenige Erwähnungen des Geschichtsschreibers Georgios Pachymeres. Aus diesen Quellen erhalten wir neben biographischen Informationen zu seiner Person auch Anhaltspunkte, die eine Charakterisierung des Kirchenpolitikers Theodoros ermöglicht haben.
Erica CRUIKSHANK DODD, Medieval painting in the Lebanon. Sprachen und Kulturen des Christlichen Orients, 8
Authors: Jolivet-Lévy Catherine 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Après sa remarquable étude des peintures de Mar Musa al-Habashi, en Syrie, E. CRUIKSHANK DODD (C. D.) nous livre enfin le résultat de longues années d'exploration et de recherches sur les peintures médiévales du Liban, ouvrage depuis longtemps annoncé et impatiemment attendu. S'il s'inscrit dans la continuité des travaux menés par l'A., cet ouvrage témoigne aussi, avec d'autres, du renouveau de l'étude du patrimoine archéologique libanais, antique et médiéval, après la longue interruption de la recherche scientifique consécutive aux événements douloureux de la seconde moitié du XXe s. L'ouvrage récent et magnifiquement illustré de L. NORDIGUIAN et J.-C. VOISIN, Châteaux et Églises du Moyen Âge au Liban (Éditions Terre du Liban/ Éditions Trans-Orient 1999), nous avait déjà familiarisés avec les ensembles picturaux présentés par C. D., mais ceux-ci n'avaient pas fait l'objet d'une étude d'ensemble approfondie, qui les replace à la fois dans l'histoire du Liban médiéval, et, plus généralement, dans celle des régions de la Méditerranée orientale à l'époque des croisades. En effet, bien que la tradition picturale au Liban soit évidemment antérieure à l'arrivée des Francs, les peintures conservées, qui se trouvent principalement dans des zones montagneuses et reculées, au nord du pays – dans l'ancien Comté de Tripoli – remontent, pour la majorité d'entre elles, à la période prospère de l'occupation croisée (XIIe–XIIIe s.), une seule inscription étant précisément datée (Mar Saba d'Eddé, 1261/2). Les ensembles antérieurs, attestés par les source textuelles, ont disparu, tandis que d'autres, encore conservés au siècle dernier, ont fait les frais de restaurations intempestives ou de la guerre du Liban.