bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nail discoloration occurring after 8 weeks of minocycline therapy
Authors: BAN Masanori , KITAJIMA Yasuo 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTMinocycline‐induced nail pigmentation is an uncommon side‐effect. It usually develops after years of the therapy, and coincides with other pigmented sites. We report a 73‐year‐old male and a 33‐year‐old female developing nail discoloration after 8 weeks of therapy of 100 mg minocycline twice daily. No other pigmentation was found elsewhere on the skin, mucous membranes, teeth or sclerae of them. Our cases demonstrate that nail pigmentation can occur after short‐term minocycline therapy, and propose the possibility that nail discoloration may precede other pigmentary changes.
Fusion of single‐photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography images of sentinel lymph nodes in extramammary Paget's disease of the scrotum
Authors: TSUJINO Yoshio , KUSATAKE Kenji , KANEKO Sakae , YAMAMOTO Yasushi , FURUMURA Minao , MORITA Eishin 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTWe describe a new method for the fusion of single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images using an acrylic resin marker containing 99 m‐Tc phytate and viewing software (Fusion Viewer Version 1.0 for Windows). This method provided the fusion of SPECT and CT images in a short time and made it easy to identify the sentinel lymph nodes in the patient with extramammary Paget's disease of the scrotum.
Interdigital amelanotic spindle‐cell melanoma mimicking an inflammatory process due to dermatophytosis
Authors: DAINICHI Teruki , KOBAYASHI Chikashi , FUJITA Shohei , SHIRAMIZU Kei , ISHIKO Toshiyuki , KIRYU Hiromaro , URABE Kazunori , TSUNEYOSHI Masazumi , FURUE Masutaka 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTHerein, we report a rare case of amelanotic spindle‐cell melanoma on the interdigit of the left fifth toe of an 83‐year‐old woman. She also had tinea pedis on the same part for more than 2 years, and the part in which the tumor developed had been macerated and colonized with both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Histopathologically, the biopsy specimen was indistinguishable from that of nonspecific inflammatory granulation. Two biopsies could not lead us to the correct diagnosis until the totally excised specimen was evaluated with immunohistochemical analysis including S‐100 and other melanocyte markers. The patient died with multiple metastases of the tumor 18 months after her first visit. This case suggests that refractory interdigital dermatophytoses should be treated by considering the possibility of concomitant malignant neoplasms, and immunohistochemical analysis is indispensable for differential diagnosis of malignant neoplasms suggesting nonspecific granulation.
The fine needle aspiration appearances of Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis
Authors: Osborn M. , Aqel N. , Levine T. S. 
Published: October 2007

Objective:  To describe the fine needle aspiration cytological appearances of Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis.Methods:  Cytological review with histological correlation of all cases of Kikuchi’s disease (KD) in which there had been an antecedent fine needle aspirate of the involved lymph node prior to lymph node excision between 2001 and 2006.Results:  Twelve cases of KD were identified in which cytological and histological material was available. In eight cases the original prospective diagnosis of necrotizing non‐granulomatous lymphadenitis consistent with KD had been suggested on the lymph node aspirate. Review of these cytological samples identified abundant extra‐ and intracellular apoptotic debris – the latter embedded in the cytoplasm of crescentic and phagocytic macrophages, set in a background reactive lymphoid population. Three of 12 cases were initially reported as in keeping with nonspecific reactive lymphadenopathy. Review identified intracellular apoptotic debris but no conspicuous extracellular nuclear debris. One case had originally been reported as possible non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Histological review of the excised lymph nodes in all 12 cases showed the classical appearances of KD.Conclusion:  The accurate diagnosis of KD on fine needle aspiration is possible given correct clinical data, an adequately sampled and well‐prepared specimen in which the characteristic intra‐ and extracellular apoptotic nuclear debris with admixed crescentic macrophages are identified on a reactive lymphoid background.
Cyclooxygenase‐2 expression correlates with phaeochromocytoma malignancy: evidence for a Bcl‐2‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Cadden I S , Atkinson A B , Johnston B T , Pogue K , Connolly R , McCance D , Ardill J E S , Russell C F , McGinty A 
Published: October 2007

Aims:  Phaeochromocytomas are rare but potentially life‐threatening neuroendocrine tumours of the adrenal medulla or sympathetic nervous system ganglia. There are no histological features which reliably differentiate benign from malignant phaeochromocytomas. The aim of the study was to evaluate cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 and Bcl‐2 as tissue‐based biomarkers of phaeochromocytoma prognosis.Methods and results:  COX‐2 and Bcl‐2 expression were examined immunohistochemically in tissue from 41 sporadic phaeochromocytoma patients followed up for a minimum of 5 years after diagnosis. There was a statistically significant association between COX‐2 histoscore (intensity × proportion) and the development of tumour recurrence or metastases (P = 0.006). A significant relationship was observed between coexpression of COX‐2 and Bcl‐2 in the primary tumour and the presence of recurrent disease (P = 0.034). A highly significant association was observed between (i) tumour‐associated expression of these two oncoproteins (P = 0.001) and (ii) COX‐2 histoscore and the presence of Bcl‐2 expression (P = 0.002). COX regression analysis demonstrated no significant relationship between (i) the presence or absence of either COX‐2 or Bcl‐2 and patient survival or (ii) COX‐2 histoscore and patient survival.Conclusions:  COX‐2 and Bcl‐2 may promote phaeochromocytoma malignancy, and these oncoproteins may be valuable surrogate markers of an aggressive tumour phenotype.
Malaria protection in β2‐microglobulin‐deficient mice lacking major histocompatibility complex class I antigens: essential role of innate immunity, including γδT cells
Authors: Taniguchi Tomoyo , Tachikawa Saoko , Kanda Yasuhiro , Kawamura Toshihiko , Tomiyama‐Miyaji Chikako , Li Changchun , Watanabe Hisami , Sekikawa Hiroho , Abo Toru 
Published: October 2007

SummaryIt is still controversial whether malaria protection is mediated by conventional immunity associated with T and B cells or by innate immunity associated with extrathymic T cells and autoantibody‐producing B cells. Given this situation, it is important to examine the mechanism of malaria protection in β2‐microglobulin‐deficient (β2m(–/–)) mice. These mice lack major histocompatibility complex class I and CD1d antigens, which results in the absence of CD8+ T cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells. When C57BL/6 and β2m(–/–) mice were injected with parasitized (Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL) erythrocytes, both survived from the infection and showed a similar level of parasitaemia. The major expanding T cells were NK1.1– αβΤ‐cell receptorint cells in both mice. The difference was a compensatory expansion of NK and γδT cells in β2m(–/–) mice, and an elimination experiment showed that these lymphocytes were critical for protection in these mice. These results suggest that malaria protection might be events of the innate immunity associated with multiple subsets with autoreactivity. CD8+ T and NKT cells may be partially related to this protection.
Natural killer T‐cell characterization through gene expression profiling: an account of versatility bridging T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17 immune responses
Authors: Niemeyer Marcus , Darmoise Alexandre , Mollenkopf Hans‐Joachim , Hahnke Karin , Hurwitz Robert , Besra Gurdyal S. , Schaible Ulrich E. , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryNatural killer T (NKT) cells constitute a distinct lymphocyte lineage at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity, yet their role in the immune response remains elusive. Whilst NKT cells share features with other conventional T lymphocytes, they are unique in their rapid, concomitant production of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines upon T‐cell receptor (TCR) ligation. In order to characterize the gene expression of NKT cells, we performed comparative microarray analyses of murine resting NKT cells, natural killer (NK) cells and naïve conventional CD4+ T helper (Th) and regulatory T cells (Treg). We then compared the gene expression profiles of resting and alpha‐galactosylceramide (αGalCer)‐activated NKT cells to elucidate the gene expression signature upon activation. We describe here profound differences in gene expression among the various cell types and the identification of a unique NKT cell gene expression profile. In addition to known NKT cell‐specific markers, many genes were expressed in NKT cells that had not been attributed to this population before. NKT cells share features not only with Th1 and Th2 cells but also with Th17 cells. Our data provide new insights into the functional competence of NKT cells which will facilitate a better understanding of their versatile role during immune responses.
Side population cells expressing ABCG2 in human adult dental pulp tissue
Authors: Honda M. J. , Nakashima F. , Satomura K. , Shinohara Y. , Tsuchiya S. , Watanabe N. , Ueda M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim  To investigate the presence of side population (SP) cells by the Hoechst exclusion method in human adult dental pulp tissue.Methodology  Human adult dental pulp‐derived cells were generated from third molar teeth. The cells were stained with Hoechst 33342 and sorted into SP cells or non‐SP cells [main population (MP) cells]. Both cell types were compared with cell growth and RT–PCR analyses.Results  SP cells that express ABCG2, Nestin, Notch‐1 and α‐smooth muscle actin were found at frequencies ranging from 0.67% to 1.02%. This SP profile disappeared in the presence of verapamil. These SP cells expressed dentine sialophosphoprotein and dentine matrix protein‐1 when cultured in osteogenic medium.Conclusion  Human adult dental pulp tissue contains SP cells that differentiate into odontoblast‐like cells.
Bacterial penetration along different root canal filling materials in the presence or absence of smear layer
Authors: Saleh I. M. , Ruyter I. E. , Haapasalo M. , Ørstavik D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim  To study the effect of the smear layer on the penetration of bacteria along different root canal filling materials and to examine the dentine/sealer and sealer/core material interfaces for the presence of bacteria.Methodology  A total of 110 human root segments were instrumented to size 80 under irrigation with 1% sodium hypochlorite. Half of the roots were irrigated with a 5‐mL rinse of 17% EDTA. Roots with and without smear layer were filled with gutta‐percha (GP) and AH Plus sealer (AH), GP and Apexit sealer (AP), or RealSeal cones and sealer (RS). Following storage in humid conditions at 37 °C for 7 days, the specimens were mounted into a bacterial leakage test model for 135 days. Survival analyses were performed to calculate the median time of leakage and log‐rank test was used for pairwise comparisons of groups. The level of significance was set at P = 0.05. Selected specimens were longitudinally sectioned and inspected by scanning electron microscopy for the presence of bacteria at the interfaces.Results  In the presence of the smear layer, RS and AP leaked significantly more slowly than in its absence. In the absence of the smear layer, AH leaked significantly more slowly than RS. SEM results indicated a differential pattern of bacterial penetration among the sealers.Conclusions  Removal of the smear layer did not impair bacterial penetration along root canal fillings. A comparison of the sealers revealed no difference except that AH performed better than RS in the absence of the smear layer.
The effect of spreader size on fracture resistance of maxillary incisor roots
Authors: Pişkin B. , Aydın B. , Sarıkanat M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim  To assess the effect of spreader size used during cold lateral compaction of gutta‐percha on fracture resistance of roots in maxillary incisor teeth.Methodology  The crowns of 50 human maxillary incisor teeth having no carious lesions, no fracture or crazing were resected 2 mm coronal to the cemento‐enamel junction. The root canals of the teeth were prepared as follows: Group 1: No canal preparation. Group 2: Preparation using the stepback technique to a size 40 master apical file. Group 3: Canal preparation to size 40 and filling with laterally compacted gutta‐percha; the first spreader used was equal to size 40. Group 4: Same as group 3 except the first spreader was equal to size 35. Group 5: Same as group 3 except the first spreader was equal to size 25.For each root, a simulated periodontal ligament was prepared. The roots were than mounted in polyester resin and fractured vertically on a universal testing machine (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan). The fracture values of teeth were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests (P = 0.05).Results:  The uninstrumented group had the highest fracture resistance; instrumented, but unfilled roots, demonstrated the lowest resistance values (P = 0.009). There were no differences between the uninstrumented group and group 5 in which a size 25 spreader was used during filling. Use of spreaders larger than size 25 caused a significant reduction in fracture resistance of roots (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Spreader size used during lateral compaction of gutta‐percha can affect the fracture resistance of roots in extracted teeth.
Randomized controlled evaluation of a theory‐based postpartum sexual health education programme
Authors: Lee Jian Tao , Yen Han‐Wen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTitle.  Randomized controlled evaluation of a theory‐based postpartum sexual health education programme Aim.  This paper reports on a study to examine the effects of a theory‐based interactive postpartum sexual health education programme on postpartum women’s sexual health knowledge, attitudes towards sexual health, contraceptive self‐efficacy and sexual self‐efficacy.Background.  Childbearing can challenge marital satisfaction and the sexual life of women, making the childbearing years a vulnerable stage in the sexual life of a woman. Although sexual education used to be a routine aspect of local postpartum teaching, this teaching was inadequate to satisfy women’s informational needs related to sexual health.Methods.  For this two‐group, randomized controlled trial, 166 participants were recruited at a medical centre in northern Taiwan. The experimental group (n = 84) received the intervention. The control group (n = 82) received routine postpartum teaching. Participants in the experimental group were separated according to their learning preparedness, as determined by the transtheoretical model. Their level of preparedness was then matched to different sexual health education strategies used in the intervention. Data were collected in 2003 at baseline and at 3 days and 8 weeks following the intervention. Descriptive and repeated‐measures anova were used to analyse data.Results.  Sexual health knowledge, attitudes and sexual self‐efficacy were significantly greater for women in the experimental group at 3 days and 8 weeks after the intervention programme than for those in the control group. However, contraceptive self‐efficacy was not significantly different in the two groups.Conclusion.  The longer‐term effectiveness of our theory‐based interactive postpartum sexual health education programme will be enhanced by matching teaching strategies to participants’ stage of learning preparedness.
Phylogeography and historical demography of the Italian treefrog,Hyla intermedia,reveals multiple refugia, population expansions and secondary contacts within peninsular Italy
Authors: CANESTRELLI DANIELE , CIMMARUTA ROBERTA , NASCETTI GIUSEPPE 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe investigated the geographical patterns of genetic diversity in the Italian treefrog through sequence analysis of a mitochondrial cytochromebgene fragment. Three main mitochondrial lineages were identified, distributed in northern, central and southern Italy, respectively. Their divergence appears indicative of a split time largely predating Late Pleistocene climatic oscillations, and syntopy between them was only observed in the geographically intermediate populations. The historical demographic reconstructions suggest that in both northern and central Italy, an expansion occurred during the last major glacial phase, when a vast widening of the lowland habitats followed the glaciation‐induced fall of the sea level. Instead, in southern Italy an expansion event likely followed the end of the last glaciation, although the inference of expansion appears less reliable for the southern clade than for the others. Within this geographical area, a sharp phylogeographic discontinuity separated peninsular from Sicilian populations, and the overall pattern of diversity suggests that the latter derived from a recent colonization of the island, probably through a Late Pleistocene land bridge. Phylogenetic, phylogeographic and historical demographic analyses thus concur in delineating a scenario of multiple refugia, with four groups of populations which survived the last glacial–interglacial cycles in at least three distinct refugia arranged along peninsular Italy, and have recently come into contact following range expansions. Therefore, these results support the hypothesis that a plethora of microevolutionary processes, rather than the prolonged stability of populations, were mainly responsible for shaping the patterns of diversity within this major biodiversity hotspot.
A canopy‐scale test of the optimal water‐use hypothesis
Authors: SCHYMANSKI STANISLAUS J. , RODERICK MICHAEL L. , SIVAPALAN MURUGESU , HUTLEY LINDSAY B. , BERINGER JASON 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTCommon empirical models of stomatal conductivity often incorporate a sensitivity of stomata to the rate of leaf photosynthesis. Such a sensitivity has been predicted on theoretical terms by Cowan and Farquhar, who postulated that stomata should adjust dynamically to maximize photosynthesis for a given water loss.In this study, we implemented the Cowan and Farquhar hypothesis of optimal stomatal conductivity into a canopy gas exchange model, and predicted the diurnal and daily variability of transpiration for a savanna site in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia. The predicted transpiration dynamics were then compared with observations at the site using the eddy covariance technique. The observations were also used to evaluate two alternative approaches: constant conductivity and a tuned empirical model.The model based on the optimal water‐use hypothesis performed better than the one based on constant stomatal conductivity, and at least as well as the tuned empirical model. This suggests that the optimal water‐use hypothesis is useful for modelling canopy gas exchange, and that it can reduce the need for model parameterization.
CBF4 is a unique member of the CBF transcription factor family of Vitis vinifera and Vitis riparia
Authors: XIAO HUOGEN , TATTERSALL ELIZABETH A. R. , SIDDIQUA MAHBUBA K. , CRAMER GRANT R. , NASSUTH ANNETTE 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTThe CBF/DREB1 transcription factors control an important pathway for increased freezing and drought tolerance in plants. We report here the isolation of one CBF/DREB1‐like gene, CBF4, from both freezing‐tolerant wild grape (Vitis riparia) and freezing‐sensitive cultivated grape (Vitis vinifera). The deduced protein in V. riparia is 99% identical to the corresponding protein in V. vinifera; 45–48% to three other Vitis CBF proteins reported earlier and 57% to AtCBF1, and contains CBF‐specific amino acid motifs. Agroinfiltration experiments in tobacco leaves revealed that VrCBF4 activates expression from reporter genes driven by a CRT‐containing promoter. Expression of the endogenous Vitis CBF4 genes was low at ambient temperature, but enhanced upon exposure to low temperature (4 °C). Uncommon for CBF genes, this expression was maintained for several days. No significant difference in expression pattern was observed between V. riparia and V. vinifera. Vitis CBF4 was expressed in both young and mature tissue, in contrast to the previously described Vitis CBF1, 2 and 3. Together, these results suggest that CBF4 represents a second type of CBF in grape that might be more important for the over‐wintering of grape plants.
Efficient elimination of sweetpotato little leaf phytoplasma from sweetpotato by cryotherapy of shoot tips
Authors: Wang Q. C. , Valkonen J. P. T. 
Published: September 2007

Shoot tips with 3–4 leaf primordia were excised from in vitro‐grown sweetpotato plants (Ipomoea batatas) infected with little leaf phytoplasma (Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia) and subjected to cryotherapy. All plants regenerated from the cryo‐treated shoot tips were free of phytoplasma, whereas shoot tip culture or dehydration of shoot tips without subsequent cryotherapy resulted in phytoplasma‐free plants at a frequency of only 7–10%. Histological and ultrastructural studies with light and transmission electron microscopy, respectively, indicated that cryotherapy was lethal to all cells except those in the apical dome of the meristem and the two youngest leaf primordia. These surviving parts of the shoot tip contained vascular tissue and sieve elements, but electron microscopy showed no phytoplasma in them. In contrast, an abundance of phytoplasma was found in sieve elements located at the lower, non‐surviving parts of the shoot tip 1·0 or 1·5 mm from the apical dome. In the greenhouse, the plants in which phytoplasmas were not detected were healthy‐looking, grew vigorously and were readily distinguished from the infected plants that exhibited little leaf and chlorosis symptoms, proliferation of axillary shoots and roots, stunting, and heavily reduced number and size of storage roots. In this study efficient elimination of phytoplasma and production of pathogen‐tested plant stocks were achieved with the novel cryotherapy‐based approach. The proposed advantage of the technique is that it can be simultaneously used for long‐term storage of plant germplasm and for production of pathogen‐free plants.
Phenotypic variation in Nordic populations of Phytophthora infestans in 2003
Authors: Lehtinen A. , Hannukkala A. , Andersson B. , Hermansen A. , Le V. H. , Nærstad R. , Brurberg M. B. , Nielsen B. J. , Hansen J. G. , Yuen J. 
Published: September 2007

A total of 743 single‐lesion isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected in summer 2003 from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Most of the isolates were tested for mating type, and subsets were tested for sensitivity to fungicides and virulence (host specific pathogenicity). Approximately 60% of the isolates were A1 mating type in each country. Both mating types were present in 40% of the fields where more than one isolate was tested, indicating strong potential for sexual reproduction. The proportion of metalaxyl‐resistant isolates dropped to under 15% from the 60% observed in the early 1990s in Norway and Finland, possibly due to lower selection pressure because of decreased use of metalaxyl. Propamocarb‐HCl sensitivity remained unchanged in the Nordic countries compared to the situation in 1997–2000 in Finland. Four isolates collected from Finland and Sweden were able to sporulate in the presence of this fungicide at a concentration of 1000 mg L−1. In Norway and Finland the frequencies of virulence factors and pathotypes remained nearly unchanged since the 1990s, but the mean number of virulence factors per isolate increased from 5·6 to 6·3. In Denmark and Sweden virulence factors 2 and especially 6 were more common than in Norway and Finland. In addition, in the Swedish population the frequencies of pathotypes were quite even while in other countries pathotype 1,3,4,7,10,11 was most prevalent.