bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition of overlapping protein complexes: A graph theoretical method for analyzing static and dynamic protein associations
Authors: Zotenko Elena , Guimarães Katia S , Jothi Raja , Przytycka Teresa M 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
Most cellular processes are carried out by multi-protein complexes, groups of proteins that bind together to perform a specific task. Some proteins form stable complexes, while other proteins form transient associations and are part of several complexes at different stages of a cellular process. A better understanding of this higher-order organization of proteins into overlapping complexes is an important step towards unveiling functional and evolutionary mechanisms behind biological networks.

Results
We propose a new method for identifying and representing overlapping protein complexes (or larger units called functional groups) within a protein interaction network. We develop a graph-theoretical framework that enables automatic construction of such representation. We illustrate the effectiveness of our method by applying it to TNFα/NF-κ B and pheromone signaling pathways.

Conclusion
The proposed representation helps in understanding the transitions between functional groups and allows for tracking a protein's path through a cascade of functional groups. Therefore, depending on the nature of the network, our representation is capable of elucidating temporal relations between functional groups. Our results show that the proposed method opens a new avenue for the analysis of protein interaction networks.
Critical involvement of IL-12 in IFN-γ induction by calcineurin antagonists in activated human lymphocytes
Authors: Wittmann Miriam , Killig Claudia , Bruder Manuela , Gutzmer Ralf , Werfel Thomas 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCalcineurin antagonists are known as potent immunosuppressants working particularly on T cells by virtue of their capacity to block nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) activation and translocation to the nucleus. In addition to interleukin (IL)-2 suppression, T helper cell type 1 (Th1) as well as Th2 cytokine transcription is blocked by calcineurin antagonists. Here, we show that calcineurin antagonists such as cyclosporin A (CsA) or tacrolimus can markedly enhance the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by human T cells. This increased IFN-γ production is dependent on T cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 signaling as well as on the presence of IL-12. IL-27, which could mimic the effect of IL-12, was however less potent in inducing IFN-γ production in the presence of CsA and TCR stimulation. Other cytokines such as IL-23, IL-18, IL-2, or the Th2-related cytokine IL-4 are not able to support a calcineurin antagonist-dependent up-regulation of IFN-γ. CsA-dependent IFN-γ production is observable in therapeutic concentrations. The effect is independent of IL-10 or IL-4, as addition of these cytokines could not inhibit the CsA-induced IFN-γ production. The effect of calcineurin antagonists is associated with an increased c-fos expression and DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor activated protein-1 but not with increased DNA-binding activity of T-bet. Our study further supports the relevance of known calcineurin activities other than NFAT activation. The presented data may help to explain why concomitant infections (resulting in increased IL-12 expression) under therapy with calcineurin antagonists often have a negative impact on the activity of the underlying disease (e.g., autoimmune disease).
Accuracy and utility of post-conviction polygraph testing of sex offenders
Authors: Grubin Don , Madsen Lars 
Published: April 2006

BackgroundPolygraphy is used increasingly in the treatment and supervision of sex offenders, but little research has addressed its accuracy in this setting, or linked accuracy with utility.AimsTo investigate the utility and accuracy of polygraphy in post-conviction testing of community-based sex offenders.MethodA self-report measure examined the experiences of offenders with polygraphy.ResultsBased on self-report, the polygraph's accuracy was approximately 85%. False negatives and false positives were not associated with demographic characteristics, personality variables or IQ. The majority of offenders found the polygraph to be helpful in both treatment and supervision. Nine per cent of offenders claimed to have made false disclosures; these individuals had higher scores on ratings of neuroticism and lower scores on ratings of conscientiousness.ConclusionsThese results support the view that the polygraph is both accurate and useful in the treatment and supervision of sex offenders.
Effect of month of birth on the risk of suicide
Authors: Salib Emad , Cortina-Borja Mario 
Published: April 2006

BackgroundMonth of birth as a suicide risk factor has not been adequately explored. The findings of published studies are contradictory and inconclusive.AimsTo examine the association between suicide and month of birth using suicide data for a 22-year period in England and Wales. The sample size of 26915 suicides greatly exceeds all previous studies.MethodWe analysed all suicides (ICD-9 codes E950-959) and deaths from undetermined injury (E980-989) reported between 1979 and 2001 in England and Wales for persons born between 1955 and 1966, using Poisson and negative binomial generalised linear models with seasonal components.ResultsBirthrates of people who later kill themselves show disproportionate excess for April, May and June compared with the other months. Overall, we found an increase of 17% in the risk of suicide for people born in the peak month (spring -early summer) compared with those born in the trough month (autumn-early winter); this risk increase was larger for women (29.6%) than for men (13.7%).ConclusionsThe ‘month of birth’ factor in suicide can be interpreted in terms of the foetal origins hypothesis. Our findings might have implications for our understanding of the multifaceted aetiology of suicide and may eventually offer new strategies for research and prevention.
Dose-Response in Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: Results of the Dutch Multicenter Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing 68 Gy of Radiotherapy With 78 Gy
Authors: Peeters Stephanie T.H. , Heemsbergen Wilma D. , Koper Peter C.M. , van Putten Wim L.J. , Slot Annerie , Dielwart Michel F.H. , Bonfrer Johannes M.G. , Incrocci Luca , Lebesque Joos V. 
Published: April 2006

Purpose To determine whether a dose of 78 Gy improves outcome compared with a conventional dose of 68 Gy for prostate cancer patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Patients and Methods Between June 1997 and February 2003, stage T1b-4 prostate cancer patients were enrolled onto a multicenter randomized trial comparing 68 Gy with 78 Gy. Patients were stratified by institution, age, (neo)adjuvant hormonal therapy (HT), and treatment group. Four treatment groups (with specific radiation volumes) were defined based on the probability of seminal vesicle involvement. The primary end point was freedom from failure (FFF). Failure was defined as clinical failure or biochemical failure, according to the American Society of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology definition. Other end points were freedom from clinical failure (FFCF), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Results Median follow-up time was 51 months. Of the 669 enrolled patients, 664 were included in the analysis. HT was prescribed for 143 patients. FFF was significantly better in the 78-Gy arm compared with the 68-Gy arm (5-year FFF rate, 64% v 54%, respectively), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.74 (P = .02). No significant differences in FFCF or OS were seen between the treatment arms. There was no difference in late genitourinary toxicity of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer grade 2 or more and a slightly higher nonsignificant incidence of late gastrointestinal toxicity of grade 2 or more. Conclusion This multicenter randomized trial shows a significantly improved FFF in prostate cancer patients treated with a higher dose of radiotherapy.
Carboxylation of Propane with CO to Butyric Acids by Pd(II)/Cu(II) Based Catalysts
Authors: Miyata Tsutomu , Nakata Kazuyuki , Yamaoka Yoshinori , Taniguchi Yuki , Takaki Ken , Fujiwara Yuzo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Propane reacts with CO leading to isobutyric and butyric acids in good yields by the Pd(OAc)2/Cu(OAc)2/K2S2O8 catalyst system via C–H bond activation. It is essential to use more than unity of the Cu(OAc)2/Pd(OAc)2 ratio to attain high yield.
Chemical Speciation of Large Molecular Metal Complexes in Pond Water
Authors: Itoh Akihide , Aikawa Masahide , Sawatari Hideyuki , Hirose Akio , Haraguchi Hiroki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The concentrated large molecules in pond water were separated by size exclusion chromatography, where organic molecules and trace metals were on-line detected by UV absorption and ICP-AES, respectively. It was found that some metal ions combined with large molecular substances of molecular weight larger than 10000.
Cl2 Gas Sensor Using BaCl2-KCl Solid Electrolyte Prepared by Melting Method
Authors: Aono Hiromichi , Sugimoto Eisuke , Mori Yoshiaki , Okajima Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The Cl2 gas sensor using 0.97BaCl2–0.03KCl solid electrolyte and an Ag metal reference electrode was prepared by a melting method. The melting method has the advantage of ease for the sensor preparation. The sensor probe obtained has a high mechanical strength. The measured EMF agreed with the calculated one for Cl2 gas concentrations from 50 ppm to 10000 ppm.
Preparation of Porphyrins Having Phenylboronic Acid Groups
Authors: Toi Hiroo , Nagai Yoshiro , Aoyama Yasuhiro , Kawabe Hirofumi , Aizawa Katsuo , Ogoshi Hisanobu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Tetra- and disubstituted porphyrins with p-dihydroxyborylphenyl groups on their meso-positions have been prepared as BNCT target compounds. The resulting porphyrins were solubilized upon formation of sugar-boronic acid complexes.
Direct Electrical Communication between D-Amino Acid Oxidase and Electrodes via a Conductive Polymer Chain
Authors: Arai Gorou , Hayashi Mamoru , Noma Tatsuya , Yasumori Iwao 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
D-amino acid oxidase, a flavoprotein, was immobilized in a conductive redox polymer prepared on Au-electroplated glassy carbon electrode by an electrochemical polymerization of mercaptohydroquinone. The enzyme-modified electrode possessed of an excellent selectivity for D-amino acids and showed fast response and good stability with the substrates.
Preparation and Some Reactions of the Tungsten Hydridotosylato Complex Cp2WH(OTs)
Authors: Minato Makoto , Tomita Hideshi , Ren Jian-Guo , Ito Takashi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Reaction of Cp2WH2 (Cp = η-C5H5) with TsOH (p-toluenesulfonic acid) in acetone afforded Cp2WH(OTs) 2 together with a novel binuclear complex [Cp2W(μ-OH)2WCp]2+(OTs−)2 3. The determination of the molar conductivity suggest that the complex 2 has less ionic nature as compared to the molybdenum analog. The complex 2 reacted with tertiary phosphines and phosphite to give cationic complexes [Cp2WH(PR3)]+OTs− 5 (R = Ph, Bun, OEt).
Porphyrin-Quinone Compounds with a Spacer of Diacetylene Unit
Authors: Imahori Hiroshi , Tanaka Yoshinori , Okada Tadashi , Sakata Yoshiteru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Porphyrin-quinone model compounds with a diacetylene spacer were synthesized. Electronic state of the porphyrin ring was found to be altered due to the direct introduction of the diacetylene group into the meso position, and very fast charge separation was observed in these model compounds.
Electrochemical Preparation of Active Avidin Films for Enzyme Sensor Applications
Authors: Anzai Jun-ichi , Hoshi Tomonori , Osa Tetsuo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A thin film of avidin was prepared on the surface of platinum electrode by applying an alternating potential of a triangular-wave form (38.5 Hz) from −0.5 to +2.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl to the electrode immersed in the avidin solution. The electro-deposited avidin film exhibited a strong ability to bind biotin-labeled glucose oxidase. The optimum conditions for the deposition of avidin film were studied in relation to the application of the film to enzyme sensors.
Preparation and Structure of the Novel Dinuclear Vanadium(III) Complex Bridged by an Alkoxo Group and a Carboxylato Group
Authors: Kanamori Kan , Yamamoto Kaori , Okamoto Ken-ichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 1,3-diamino-2-propanol-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate (dpot) with VCl3 followed by the addition of benzoic acid (Hbza) or hydroxybenzoic acid (Hhbza) has yielded the dinuclear vanadium(III) complex, [V2(dpot)(bza or hbza)(H2O)2], bridged by both a deprotonated alkoxo group of dpot and a carboxylato group of bza or hbza.
Reactions of Benzopentathiepin with Trialkyl Phosphites. A New Preparative Method for S-Aryl O,O′-Dialkyl Thiophosphates
Authors: Sato Ryu , Murata Toshitaka , Chida Shin-ichi , Ogawa Satoshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Benzopentathiepin readily reacted with trialkyl phosphites to give S-[2-(alkylthio)-phenyl] O,O′-dialkyl thiophosphates and/or O,O′-dialkyl S-(2-mercaptophenyl) thiophosphates. The selectivity for formation of these thiophosphates was dramatically affected by the reaction temperature and the solvent used.
Intramolecular Spin-Spin Exchange in Cation Radicals of Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives Substituted with Imino Pyrolidine- and Piperidine-1-oxyls
Authors: Sugimoto Toyonari , Yamaga Seiji , Nakai Makoto , Ohmori Kazunari , Tsujii Masaya , Nakatsuji Hiroshi , Fujita Hideo , Yamauchi Jun 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The ESR spectra of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives substituted with imino pyrolidine- and piperidine-1-oxyls and their cation radicals were investigated. For the neutral TTF’s the unpaired electron is localized at the nitroxide group. While, an intramolecular spin-spin exchange albeit weak occurs between the TTF cation radical and the nitroxide radical in the one-electron oxidized TTF’s, and the ground spin state of the biradical is a singlet.
Mechanistic Studies on Oxidation Reaction of Ethane-Bridged Porphyrin Dimers to trans-Ethylene-Bridged Species
Authors: Borovkov Victor V , Ponomarev Gelii V , Ishida Akito , Kaneda Takahiro , Sakata Yoshiteru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A facile aerobic oxidation of 1,2-bis(meso-octaethylporphyrinyl)ethane and other similar dimers to the corresponding trans-1,2-bis(meso-porphyrinyl)ethenes in several organic acids has been studied by UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy and the general mechanism of the oxidation has been proposed. The key step of the oxidation is monoprotonation of the two porphyrin rings in dimer followed by two electron oxidation.
Reconstitution of Myoglobin with a Heme Cofactor Bearing a Ruthenium Tris(2,2′-bipyridine) Pendant
Authors: Hamachi Itaru , Tanaka Shigeaki , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A protoheme derivative with covalently-bound tris(2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium (II) [Ru(bpy)3]2+ was successfully incorporated into apo-myoglobin. In the reconstituted myoglobin emission of *[Ru(bpy)3]2+ was quenched intramolecularly, the efficiency being greater by more than 30-fold than that of the corresponding intermolecular process.
Preparation of New π-Conjugated Poly(2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-5,8-diyl) and Poly(2,3-di(p-tolyl)-quinoxaline-5,8-diyl). Electrochemical Activity and Light-emitting Diode
Authors: Kanbara Takaki , Yamamoto Takakazu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Reactions of 5,8-dibromo-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline and 5,8-dibromo-2,3-di(p-tolyl)-quinoxaline with a zero-valent nickel complex afford poly(2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-5,8-diyl) (poly-1) and poly(2,3-di(p-tolyl)quinoxaline-5,8-diyl), respectively. These polymers show good electrochemical activity for n-type doping and strong fluorescence in solutions as well as in cast films. A light-emitting diode consisted of MgAg/poly-1/ITO electric junction is driven at about 2 V and has a peak emission wavelength of 490 nm.
A Three-Dimensional Interaction Network of δ(M-M) and π(ligand) Electrons. The Crystal Structure of [Rh2(mhp)4](SbCl6)·2CH2ClCH2Cl (mhp = 2-oxy-6-methylpyridine)
Authors: Kawamura Takashi , Ebihara Masahiro , Miyamoto Makoto 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
In the crystal of the title compound, the aromatic ring of the cationic radical overlaps with a ring of a neighboring radical. The shortest intermolecular C····C distances are 3.617(5) and 3.646(6) Å. The result of HMO calculations is consistent with intermolecular interaction between the neighboring radicals, resulting in a three-dimensional interaction network involving Rh-Rh δ and aromatic π systems.
Energy Transfer from Zinc-Myoglobin to a Cyanine Dye Facilitated by Their Simultaneous Binding to a Phosphate Bilayer Membrane
Authors: Hamachi Itaru , Fujimura Hidetoshi , Kunitake Toyoki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Zinc-substituted myoglobin (Zn-Mb) and a cationic cyanine dye were bound simultaneously to an aqueous dispersion or a cast film of a phosphate bilayer membrane. The energy transfer from Zn-Mb to the cyanine was more efficient in the cast film than in aqueous dispersion.
A New Organic Superconductor, λ-(BEDT-TSF)2GaCl4
Authors: Kobayashi Hayao , Udagawa Takashi , Tomita Hideto , Bun Kozo , Naito Toshio , Kobayashi Akiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
λ(BEDT-TSF)2GaCl4 has revealed to be a new organic superconductor, where BEDT-TSF is bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselena-fulvalene. The onset temperature of the superconducting transition was about 9.5 K and the mid-point transition temperature (Tc) was 8 K. The crystal belongs to triclinic system. BEDT-TSF molecules are arranged to form a “quasi-stacking structure,” where four molecules form a repeating unit.
Synthesis of a 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-mannuronic Acid-Containing Artificial Glycolipid Corresponding to the Repeating Unit of a Teichuronic Acid from Micrococcus luteus
Authors: Osa Yumiko , Kaji Eisuke , Takahashi Keiko , Hirooka Motoko , Zen Shonosuke , Lichtenthaler Frieder W 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A new type of artificial glycolipid constituted with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-mannuronic acid was synthesized utilizing a readily accessible building block, methyl 2-(benzoyloxy)iminoglycosuronate as the glycosyl donor. Stereocontrolled β-glycosidation of the donor was as smoothly effected as the subsequent stereospecific reduction of (benzoyloxy)imino function. After anomeric activation, attachment of the spacer (2-aminoethanol)-linked stearic acid and final deblocking gave the designed glycolipid in good overall yield.
Generation of Thiosulfines by Dithiation of Diarylmethylenetriphenylphosphoranes
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Shimasaki Masashi , Kojima Kazuki , Ohta Hiroshi , Okazaki Renji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Reaction of phosphonium ylides with excess sulfur afforded the corresponding thiosulfines, which were trapped with maleic anhydride to give the corresponding cycloadducts (1,2-dithiolanes) in good yields. Intermediary thiosulfines were also formed by sulfurization of thiobenzophenones with elemental sulfur to give the 1,2-dithiolanes in moderate yields.
Catalytic Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Ribonucleosides from Methyl Ribofuranosyl Carbonate and Trimethylsilylated Nucleoside Bases by Combined Use of Silver Salts and Diphenyltin Sulfide
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Matsutani Takafumi , Shimomura Naoyuki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Catalytic stereoselective synthesis of several ribonucleosides from 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl methyl carbonate and trimethylsilylated nucleoside bases is efficiently carried out by combined use of silver salts and diphenyltin sulfide (Ph2Sn=S) under mild conditions.
Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol with Use of Enzymes as Biocatalysts
Authors: Kuwabata Susumu , Tsuda Ryo , Nishida Kazufumi , Yoneyama Hiroshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Electrolysis of carbon dioxide-saturated phosphate buffer solution (pH 7) in the presence of formate dehydrogenase and methanol dehydrogenase as electrocatalysts together with methylviologen as an electron relay yielded formaldehyde and methanol as the reduction products of carbon dioxide under suitable electrolysis conditions, and the use of pyrrolo-quinoline quinone in place of methylviologen as the electron relay afforded selective reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol.
A Stabilized Phosphinothioylidene Generated by Deselenation of a Selenoxothioxophosphorane
Authors: Yoshifuji Masaaki , Sangu Shinya , Hirano Masaru , Toyota Kozo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Selenoxothioxo(2,4-di-t-butyl-6-dimethylaminophenyl)phosphorane was prepared and was deselenated with tris(dimethylamino)phosphine to give the corresponding phosphinothioylidene (thioxophosphine, thionophosphine, or phosphinidene sulfide), for the first time, as a thermally stable compound, which is considered to be stabilized with the lone pair electrons of the o-dimethylamino group.
Mixed Anion Effect on Conductivity of the Glasses in the System AgI-Ag2MoO4-AgPO3
Authors: Machida Nobuya , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Shigematsu Toshihiko , Nakanishi Norihiko , Minami Tsutomu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The AgI-Ag2MoO4-AgPO3 glasses were prepared and their silver ion conducting properties were investigated. An enhancement of conductivity was observed in the glasses containing two kinds of oxosalts at a constant AgI content. The enhancement of conductivity was closely related to the structural change of oxoanions included in the glasses.
Influences of Organic Bases on the Vapor Phase Beckmann Rearrangement Catalyzed by Pentasil-type Zeolite
Authors: Sato Hiroshi , Hirose Ken-ichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The influences of organic bases on the vapor phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to ε-caprolactam catalyzed by pentasil zeolite were examined. Almost no influence was observed with amines, and furthermore, even the excess amount of n-Pr3N (utilized as a solvent for oxime) did not inhibit the reaction greatly. These results indicate that the active site is not the acidic one as generally considered but the neutral silanol group.
Effect of Surface Hydrophilicity of an Indium Oxide Electrode on Direct Electron Transfer of Myoglobins
Authors: Tominaga Masato , Kumagai Toru , Takita Shinya , Taniguchi Isao 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Effect of hydrophilicity of the surface of an In2O3 electrode on the electrode reaction of myoglobins was clearly demonstrated for the first time. At the highly hydrophilic surface of an In2O3 electrode, well-defined redox waves of myoglobins from both horse heart and sperm whale skeletal muscle were observed with the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants (k°′) of ca. 3 × 10−4 and 1 × 10−4 cm s−1 at pH 6.5, respectively.
Fabrication of Dye Dissolved Polymer Film Using Thermal Treatment under Ultra High Vacuum
Authors: Hiraga Takashi , Yamasaki Yuuichi , Tanaka Norio , Hayamizu Kikuko , Moriya Tetsuo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film capable of dissolving an organic dye was prepared at an elevated temperature under ultra high vacuum (UHV). Residual solvents in PMMA film which may reduce the threshold power of irradiated light to breakdown were analyzed by means of quadrupole mass spectroscopy. It has been established that treatment of the polymer under UHV is essential for optical use.
p- and m-Phenylenebis[trifluoro(phenyl)silicates] and Related Monosilicates
Authors: Kira Mitsuo , Hoshi Takashi , Kabuto Chizuko , Sakurai Hideki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Novel anionic pentacoordinate silicates, p-and m-phenylenebis[trifluoro(phenyl)silicates] and related mono-silicates were synthesized and their structures were determined by means of X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Addition of a fluoride ion to a difluoro(phenyl)silyl group caused the significant decrease of the σP+ value as determined by 13C NMR spectroscopy.