bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial concentrations of fatty acids in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Smith Caren E. , Freeman Lisa M. , Meydani Mohsen , Rush John E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare myocardial concentrations of fatty acids in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with concentrations in control dogs.Sample Population—Myocardial tissues from 7 dogs with DCM and 16 control dogs.Procedure—Myocardial tissues were homogenized, and total fatty acids were extracted and converted to methyl esters. Myocardial concentrations of fatty acids were analyzed by use of gas chromatography and reported as corrected percentages.Results—The amount of docosatetraenoic acid (C22:4 n-6) was significantly higher in myocardial samples from dogs with DCM (range, 0.223% to 0.774%; median, 0.451%), compared with the amount in samples obtained from control dogs (range, 0.166% to 0.621%; median, 0.280%). There were no significant differences between DCM and control dogs for concentrations of any other myocardial fatty acids.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although concentrations of most myocardial fatty acids did not differ significantly between dogs with DCM and control dogs, the concentration of docosatetraenoic acid was significantly higher in dogs with DCM. Additional investigation in a larger population is warranted to determine whether this is a primary or secondary effect of the underlying disease and whether alterations in fatty acids may be a target for intervention in dogs with DCM. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1483–1486)
Evaluation of changes in vertical ground reaction forces as indicators of meniscal damage after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs
Authors: Trumble Troy N. , Billinghurst R. Clark , Bendele Alison M. , McIlwraith C. Wayne 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether decreases in peak vertical force of the hind limb after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) would be indicative of medial meniscal damage in dogs.Animals—39 purpose-bred adult male Walker Hounds.Procedure—The right CrCL was transected arthroscopically. Force plate measurements of the right hind limb were made prior to and 2, 4, 10, and 18 weeks after transection of the CrCL. Only dogs with ≥ 10% decreases in peak vertical force after week 2 were considered to have potential meniscal damage. Dogs that did not have ≥ 10% decreases in peak vertical force at any time point after week 2 were assigned to group 1. Group 2 dogs had ≥ 10% decreases in peak vertical force from weeks 2 to 4 only. Group 3 and 4 dogs had ≥ 10% decreases in peak vertical force from weeks 4 to 10 only or from weeks 10 to 18 only, respectively. Damage to menisci and articular cartilage was graded at week 18, and grades for groups 2 to 4 were compared with those of group 1.Results—The percentage change in peak vertical force and impulse area was significantly different in groups 2 (n = 4), 3 (4), and 4 (4) at the end of each measurement period (weeks 4, 10, and 18, respectively) than in group 1 (27). The meniscal grade for groups 2 to 4 was significantly higher than for group 1. A ≥ 10% decrease in peak vertical force had sensitivity of 52% and accuracy of 72% for identifying dogs with moderate to severe medial meniscal damage.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In dogs with transected or ruptured CrCLs, force plate analysis can detect acute exacerbation of lameness, which may be the result of secondary meniscal damage, and provide an objective noninvasive technique that delineates the temporal pattern of medial meniscal injury. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:156–163)
Distribution of power across the hind limb joints in Labrador Retrievers and Greyhounds
Authors: Colborne G. Robert , Innes John F. , Comerford Eithne J. , Owen Martin R. , Fuller Cathy J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To quantify angular excursions; net joint moments; and powers across the stifle, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints in Labrador Retrievers and Greyhounds and investigate differences in joint mechanics between these 2 breeds of dogs.Animals—12 clinically normal dogs (6 Greyhounds and 6 Labrador Retrievers) with no history of hind limb lameness.Procedure—Small retroreflective markers were applied to the skin over the pelvic limb joints, and a 4- camera kinematic system captured data at 200 Hz in tandem with force platform data while the dogs trotted on a runway. Breed-specific morphometric data were combined with kinematic and force data in an inverse-dynamics solution for stance-phase net joint moments and powers at the stifle, tarsal, and MTP joints.Results—There were gross differences in kinematic patterns between Greyhounds and Labradors. At the stifle and tarsal joints, moment and power patterns were similar in shape, but amplitudes were larger for the Greyhounds. The MTP joint was a net absorber of energy, and this was greater in the Greyhounds. Greyhounds had a positive phase across the stifle, tarsal, and MTP joints at the end of stance for an active push-off, whereas for the Labrador Retrievers, the only positive phase was across the tarsus, and this was small, compared with values for the Greyhounds.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Gross differences in pelvic limb mechanics are evident between Greyhounds and Labrador Retrievers. Joint kinetics in specific dogs should be compared against breed-specific patterns. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1563–1571)
Validation of pressure measurements and electromyographic results for the uterus of cattle during the early postpartum period
Authors: Bajcsy Árpád Csaba , Weijden Gijsbert C. van der , Doornenbal Arie , Breeveld-Dwarkasing Vidya N. A. , Jong Rineke C. de , Szenci Ottó , Taverne Marcel A. M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate methods for on-farm measurements
of uterine contractility in postpartum dairy
cows by comparing data simultaneously recorded by
use of 2 intrauterine pressure (IUP) devices and quantified
electromyographic (EMG) signals.

Animals—5 cows during the first 48 hours after parturition.

Procedure—2 EMG electrodes were implanted on
the surface of the gravid uterine horn. Parturition was
induced by injection of a prostaglandin F2α analogue
at day 274 of gestation. An open-tip catheter and pressure
microtransducer were transcervically inserted
and affixed to a caruncle immediately after calving.
Changes in IUP were recorded concurrent with EMG
recordings during 2-hour periods at 2, 6, 12, 18, 24,
36, and 48 hours after parturition. Novel acquisition
and analysis software programs were used with a digital
data-filtering capability for evaluation of IUP and
EMG signals.

Results—The method for intrauterine fixation of the 2
pressure measurement instruments was effective
and allowed easy, externally guided removal of the
devices 48 hours after parturition. There was a high
correlation between the data obtained by the 2 pressure
measuring systems. Good correlation was also
found between pressure data obtained by the open-tip
catheter system and EMG signals. Although the
quantified IUP and EMG signals were highly comparable,
synchronization was not always evident during
visual inspection of these signals.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The open-tip
IUP catheter system with a special fixation method is
suitable for use in on-farm studies. It will enable
investigators to record natural and pharmacologically
influenced uterine contractility in early postpartum
dairy cows. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:1605–1615)
Effects of cecropin B transgene expression on Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 colonization of the nasal mucosa of calves
Authors: Boudreaux Charles M. , Corstvet Richard E. , Cooper Richard K. , Enright Frederick M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To express a cecropin B transgene on bovine nasal mucosa and determine the effect onMannheimia haemolyticaserotype 1 (S1) colonization.Animals—27 crossbred beef calves.Procedure—The antibacterial efficacy of cecropin B againstM haemolyticaS1 was first determined by measuring its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The peptide was also diluted in pooled bovine nasal secretions, and its antibacterial activity was evaluated. The nasal passages of 16 calves were aerosolized with 25, 50, or 100 µg of plasmid DNA/nostril, whereas 11 control calves were aerosolized with only the transfection reagent. In 2 of the experiments, 12 treated and 8 control calves were exposed intranasally with an aerosol ofM haemolyticaS1. Nasal swab specimens and secretions were collected and analyzed by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR, ELISA, and bacterial culture.Results—In vitro, cecropin B inhibitedM haemolyticaS1 at an MIC of 2 µg/mL and its antibacterial activity was not affected by proteolytic activity in nasal secretions. Cecropin B transgene expression was detected in calves transfected with 50 or 100 µg of DNA/nostril. Antibacterial activity againstM haemolyticaS1 was observed in all calves transfected with 100 µg of DNA/nostril but in only 2 of the 4 calves transfected with 50 µg of DNA/nostril.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In vitro, cecropin B has an effective antibacterial activity againstM haemolyticaS1 and can prevent colonization of the nasal mucosa after transfection of a vector expressing cecropin B in vivo. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1922–1930)
Use of a von Frey device for evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine after intravenous administration as an infusion or multiple doses in dogs
Authors: KuKanich Butch , Lascelles B. Duncan X. , Papich Mark G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine after IV administration as an infusion or multiple doses in dogs by use of a von Frey (vF) device.Animals—6 dogs.Procedure—In the first 2 crossover experiments of a 3-way crossover study, morphine or saline (0.9%) solution was administered via IV infusion. Loading doses and infusion rates were administered to attain targeted plasma concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 ng/mL. In the third experiment, morphine (0.5 mg/kg) was administered IV every 2 hours for 3 doses. The vF thresholds were measured hourly for 8 hours. Plasma concentrations of morphine were measured by highpressure liquid chromatography.Results—No significant changes in vF thresholds were observed during infusion of saline solution. The vF thresholds were significantly increased from 5 to 8 hours during the infusion phase, corresponding to targeted morphine plasma concentrations > 30 ng/mL and infusion rates ≥ 0.15 ± 0.02 mg/kg/h. The maximal effect (EMAX) was 78 ± 11% (percentage change from baseline), and the effective concentration to attain a 50% maximal response (EC50) was 29.5 ± 5.4 ng/mL. The vF thresholds were significantly increased from 1 to 7 hours during the multiple-dose phase; the EC50and EMAX were 23.9 ± 4.7 ng/mL and 173 ± 58%, respectively. No significant differences in half-life, volume of distribution, or clearance between the first and last dose of morphine were detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Morphine administered via IV infusion (0.15 ± 0.02 mg/kg/h) and multiple doses (0.5 mg/kg, IV, every 2 hours for 3 doses) maintained significant antinociception in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1968–1974)
Comparison of gross and histologic tissue responses of skin incisions closed by use of absorbable subcuticular staples, cutaneous metal staples, and polyglactin 910 suture in pigs
Authors: Fick Jennifer L. , Novo Roberto E. , Kirchhof Nicole 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To assess gross and histologic tissue
responses of skin incisions closed by use of
absorbable subcuticular staples, cutaneous metal staples,
and polyglactin 910 suture in pigs.

Animals—8 purpose-bred disease-free pigs.

Procedure—Pigs were randomly allocated to 1 of 4
groups from which tissues were collected after
death on postoperative days (PODs) 7, 14, 21, or
42. In each pig, 4 incisions were made; 1 was
closed subcuticularly with 3-0 polyglactin 910
suture, 1 was closed with metal staples, and 2
were closed with absorbable subcuticular staples.
Incision sites were grossly evaluated every 3 days
after closure. At necropsy, incision sites and surrounding
tissues were examined histologically; a
histopathologic scoring system was used to quantitate
healing and tissue response directed against
the closure material.

Results—Postoperatively, the metal staples induced
a severe inflammatory response, compared with minimal
inflammation associated with the suture or
absorbable subcuticular staples. Histologic evaluation
of incisions on PODs 7, 14, and 21 revealed less
severe inflammation associated with absorbable subcuticular
staples than that associated with the other
materials.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated
that absorbable subcuticular staples induced a
less severe inflammatory response in the early
stages of healing in pigs, compared with other commonly
used methods of wound closure. Use of
absorbable staples potentially combines the benefits
of subcuticular closure with the speed and precision
of staple placement. (Am J Vet Res
2005;66:1975–1984)
Effect of romifidine on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex and temporal summation in conscious horses
Authors: Spadavecchia Claudia , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Andersen Ole K. , Spadavecchia Luciano , Schatzmann Urs 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To investigate the action of a single IV
administration of romifidine on the thresholds of the
nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) and temporal
summation in conscious horses.

Animals—10 adult horses.

Procedure—Single electrical stimulations were
applied on the digital nerves to evoke NWR from the
left forelimb and hind limb. Repeated electrical stimulations
(10 stimuli, 5 Hz) were given to obtain temporal
summation. Surface electromyographic reflex
activity was recorded from the common digital extensor
and cranial tibial muscles. After baseline assessment
of NWR and temporal summation thresholds,
romifidine (80 µg·kg−1, IV) was administered.
Successive determinations of NWR and temporal
summation thresholds were performed 5, 25, and 55
minutes after administration.

Results—Romifidine significantly increased the current
intensities necessary to evoke NWR and temporal
summation in forelimbs and hind limbs of horses.
Values were significantly higher than baseline values
55 minutes after romifidine administration. After
administration of romifidine, a facilitation of reflex
components of tactile origin was observed when
repeated stimulations were applied.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results confirm
antinociceptive activity of romifidine and may
represent an objective demonstration of the wellknown
hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli observed in
horses receiving α2-adrenoreceptor agonists in clinical
practice. Romifidine can be included in analgesic
and anesthetic protocols to provide additional analgesia
in horses. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:1992–1998)
Effect of intensity of fecal pat sampling on estimates of Escherichia coli O157 prevalence
Authors: Echeverry Alejandro , Loneragan Guy H. , Wagner Bruce A. , Brashears Mindy M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate site-to-site variation within
fecal pats from cattle with regard to detection of
Escherichia coli O157 and determine the effect on the
accuracy of prevalence estimates of assay of multiple
samples collected from the same fecal pat.

Sample Population—120 freshly voided fecal pats
collected from 2 beef feedlots.

Procedures—5 samples were systematically collected
from each fecal pat and analyzed for E coli O157 via
selective preenrichment techniques, immunomagnetic
separation, and biochemical tests. Presumptive isolates
were definitively identified via agglutination
assays and polymerase chain reaction techniques. Best
estimators of prevalence were calculated from the distribution
of E coli O157–positive samples per pat.

Results—Of the 120 fecal pats, 96, 13, 4, 2, 3, and 2
fecal pats had 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 E coli O157–positive
samples, respectively. The greatest estimate of E coli
O157 prevalence (20%) was achieved when all 5 samples
were assessed; this estimate represented a 2.4-
fold increase in prevalence, compared with that provided
via analysis of 1 sample/pat (8.2%). Compared
with assessment of 5 sites/pat, the relative sensitivity
of detecting an E coli O157–positive fecal pat via
analysis of 1 site/pat was 40.1%.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that estimates of E coli O157 prevalence derived
from sampling of 1 location/pat are likely underestimates
of the true prevalence of this pathogen in fecal
pats (and by extension, cattle). Additional research is
warranted to confirm these results in situations of
high and low prevalence and across different feedlots.
(Am J Vet Res 2005;66:2023–2027)
Evaluation of the respiratory elimination kinetics of selenium after oral administration in sheep
Authors: Tiwary Asheesh K. , Panter Kip E. , Stegelmeier Bryan L. , James Lynn F. , Hall Jeffery O. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the respiratory excretion and elimination kinetics of organic and inorganic selenium after oral administration in sheep.Animals—38 crossbred sheep.Procedures—Selenium was administered PO to sheep as a single dose of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg/kg as sodium selenite or selenomethionine. Expired air was collected and analyzed from all sheep at 4, 8, and 16 hours after administration.Results—Clinical signs consistent with selenium intoxication were seen in treatment groups given sodium selenite but not in treatment groups given the equivalent amount of selenium as selenomethionine. However, a distinct garlic-like odor was evident in the breath of all sheep receiving 2 to 4 mg of selenium/kg. The intensity of odor in the breath did not correlate with clinical signs in affected animals receiving sodium selenite treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The concentration of selenium in expired air was greater in sheep receiving selenium as selenomethionine than sodium selenite. The concentration of selenium in expired air from sheep receiving high doses of selenium (3 and 4 mg of selenium/kg) was larger and selenium was expired for a longer duration than the concentration of selenium in expired air from sheep receiving low doses of selenium (1 and 2 mg of selenium/kg). (Am J Vet Res2005;66:2142–2148)
Pharmacokinetics of carvedilol after intravenous and oral administration in conscious healthy dogs
Authors: Arsenault Wendy G. , Boothe Dawn M. , Gordon Sonya G. , Miller Matthew W. , Chalkley Jeffrey R. , Petrikovics Ilona 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of
carvedilol administered IV and orally and determine
the dose of carvedilol required to maintain plasma
concentrations associated with anticipated therapeutic
efficacy when administered orally to dogs.

Animals—8 healthy dogs.

Procedures—Blood samples were collected for 24
hours after single doses of carvedilol were administered
IV (175 µg/kg) or PO (1.5 mg/kg) by use of a
crossover nonrandomized design. Carvedilol concentrations
were detected in plasma by use of high-performance
liquid chromatography. Plasma drug concentration
versus time curves were subjected to noncompartmental
pharmacokinetic analysis.

Results—The median peak concentration (extrapolated)
of carvedilol after IV administration was
476 ng/mL (range, 203 to 1,920 ng/mL), elimination
half-life (t1/2) was 282 minutes (range, 19 to 1,021
minutes), and mean residence time (MRT) was 360
minutes (range, 19 to 819 minutes). Volume of distribution
at steady state was 2.0 L/kg (range, 0.7 to 4.3
L/kg). After oral administration of carvedilol, the median
peak concentration was 24 µg/mL (range, 9 to
173 µg/mL), time to maximum concentration was 90
minutes (range, 60 to 180 minutes), t1/2 was 82 minutes
(range, 64 to 138 minutes), and MRT was 182
minutes (range, 112 to 254 minutes). Median bioavailability
after oral administration of carvedilol was 2.1%
(range, 0.4% to 54%).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although
results suggested a 3-hour dosing interval on the
basis of MRT, pharmacodynamic studies investigating
the duration of β-adrenoreceptor blockade provide a
more accurate basis for determining the dosing interval
of carvedilol. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:2172–2176)
Investigation of the effect of black walnut extract on in vitro ion transport and structure of equine colonic mucosa
Authors: McConnico Rebecca S. , Stokes Ashley M. , Eades Susan C. , Moore Rustin M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To examine the secretory response (in the presence and absence of prostaglandin inhibition) in vitro and structural alterations of colonic mucosa in horses after intragastric administration of black walnut extract (BWE).Animals—14 adult horses.Procedure—Seven horses were administered BWE intragastrically and monitored for 11 hours. Tissue samples were obtained from the right ventral, left ventral, and right dorsal colons (RVC, LVC, and RDC, respectively) of the 7 BWE-treated and 7 control horses. Tissue samples were examined via light microscopy, and the extent of hemorrhage, edema, and granulocytic cellular infiltration (neutrophils and eosinophils) was graded. Colonic mucosal segments were incubated with or without flunixin meglumine (FLM) for 240 minutes; spontaneous electrical potential difference and short-circuit current (Isc) were recorded and used to calculate mucosal resistance.Results—Colonic tissues from BWE-treated horses (with or without FLM exposure) had an overall greater Isc during the 240-minute incubation period, compared with tissues from control horses. The resistance pattern in RVC, LVC, and RDC samples (with or without FLM exposure) from BWE-treated horses was decreased overall, compared with control tissues (with or without FLM exposure). Histologically, colonic mucosal tissues from BWE-treated horses had more severe inflammation (involving primarily eosinophils), edema, and hemorrhage, compared with tissue from control horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, BWE administration appears to cause an inflammatory response in colonic mucosal epithelium that results in mucosal barrier compromise as indicated by decreased mucosal resistance with presumed concomitant electrogenic chloride secretory response, which is not associated with prostaglandin mediation. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:443–449)