bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Psychosocial Characteristics of Men with Erectile Dysfunction: Baseline Data from ExCEED™
Authors: Latini David M. , Penson David F. , Wallace Katrine L. , Lubeck Deborah P. , Lue Tom F. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is associated with psychological impairment, and further research is required to understand their relationship.

Aim
We present descriptive baseline results from a longitudinal observational study of North American men seeking treatment for ED.

Methods
Patients completed clinical and health-related quality-of-life information at baseline and three follow-up points over 12 months; 162 patients had usable baseline data, including clinical history and current status, sociodemographic information, and standard paper-and-pencil scales of psychosocial characteristics. Scores on the International Index of Erectile Functioning erectile functioning subscale were collapsed into mild (N = 27), moderate (N = 41), or severe (N = 94) categories. Using chi-square, anova, and logistic regression, we identified baseline characteristics associated with ED severity.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome measure was the degree of psychosocial impairment associated with mild, moderate, and severe ED.

Results
Severe ED was significantly associated with not having a regular sex partner; a history of prostate cancer; and worse scores on measures of positive affect, belonging/loneliness, sexual self-efficacy-strength, psychological adjustment, marital happiness, anxiety at last intercourse, and depression. In a multivariate logistic regression model, poorer sexual self-efficacy was most closely associated with severe ED. The model rescaled R2 was 0.63 (area-under-the-curve, 0.91).

Conclusions
Severe ED is related to impairment across a broad range of psychosocial domains, and clinicians should consider offering patients assistance in dealing with its psychosocial impact.
Longitudinal Differences in Psychological Outcomes for Men with Erectile Dysfunction: Results from ExCEED™
Authors: Latini David M. , Penson David F. , Wallace Katrine L. , Lubeck Deborah P. , Lue Tom F. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The direction of the relationship between psychological adjustment and erectile dysfunction (ED) is unclear and may differ for different men, and few studies have examined psychological outcomes for men receiving ED treatment.

Aim
This study assessed the impact of ED therapy at baseline and 12-month follow-up, using standard psychological measures.

Methods
Using an observational ED registry, we collected clinical and psychosocial data at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months. Participants had (i) a patient-reported outcomes questionnaire at baseline and at least one follow-up; and (ii) data about ED treatments received during the study. Treated men were classified as responders based on improvements in International Index of Erectile Function scores from baseline to 12 months.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures were changes in psychological outcomes in relation to treatment status and baseline ED severity.

Results
Of 153 patients, 40 responded to treatment, 49 did not respond to treatment, and 64 did not receive treatment. Treatment responders reported significant improvements in 12-month sexual self-efficacy but only small improvements or no change across five other psychological domains, whereas nonresponders reported small decrements. There was a trend for differences in sexual self-efficacy to vary by baseline ED severity, as well as by treatment response.

Conclusions
Diagnosing and successfully treating ED significantly affects patient psychological adjustment, so providers should actively diagnose and treat ED.
Hormonal breast cancer agents: Implications for the primary care provider
Authors: Lyon Debra E. , Roux Gayle , Voll Sandra 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPurpose: Over 2 million breast cancer survivors are in the United States, making women with breast cancer the largest group of cancer survivors. The purpose of this article is to review the current knowledge regarding survivorship issues in women with early‐stage, estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer, focusing on advances in hormonal therapies for reducing risk of recurrence.Data sources: Published research studies, clinical treatment guidelines, and ongoing clinical trials.Conclusions: Innovations in antiestrogenic and estrogen modulator therapies are an important aspect of ongoing care after primary breast cancer treatment. Primary care providers may play an important role in monitoring potential complications of antiestrogenic treatment.Implications for practice: This article reviews the current state of the science in hormonal breast cancer agents for breast cancer survivors. With the high incidence and prevalence of breast cancer, primary care providers need to be aware of the potential short‐ and long‐term health risks and benefits of hormonal therapies for breast cancer survivors.
Reducing cardiovascular disease risk in patients with diabetes: A message from the National Diabetes Education Program
Authors: Blonde Lawrence , Dempster Judith , Gallivan Joanne M. , Warren‐Boulton Elizabeth 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPurpose: To provide nurse practitioners (NPs) a review of current practice guidelines that help clinicians’ efforts to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes and its major macrovascular complications.Data sources: This paper presents data from major evidence‐based studies and clinical trials that define the scope of the problem, the rationale for risk reduction, and a patient‐centered action plan for NPs to effectively manage cardiovascular risk factors in people with diabetes.Conclusions: NPs are active partners with the National Diabetes Education Program and play a key role in efforts to effectively manage cardiovascular risk factors in people with diabetes and improve their awareness of the link between diabetes and heart disease and stroke.Implications for practice: The action plan to reduce cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes will help NPs to implement the most effective management strategies for medical nutrition therapy, physical activity, and pharmacological therapy required for patient‐centered proactive management of hyperglycemia, hypertension, and lipid abnormalities.
Time Travel: Double Your Fun
Authors: Arntzenius Frank 
Published: October 2006

AbstractI start off by relating the standard philosophical account of what time travel is to models of time travel that have recently been discussed by physicists. I then discuss some puzzles associated with time travel. I conclude that philosophers’ arguments against time travel are relevant when assessing the likelihood of the occurrence time travel in our world, and are relevant to the assessment whether time travel is physically possible.
Socrates and the Laws of Athens
Authors: Brickhouse Thomas C. , Smith Nicholas D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe claim that the citizen's duty is to “persuade or obey” the laws, expressed by the personified Laws of Athens in Plato's Crito, continues to receive intense scholarly attention. In this article, we provide a general review of the debates over this doctrine, and how the various positions taken may or may not fit with the rest of what we know about Socratic philosophy. We ultimately argue that the problems scholars have found in attributing the doctrine to Socrates derive from an anachronistic and erroneous understanding of Socrates as a kind of libertarian.
Hepatic pre‐sinusoidal vessels contract in anaphylactic hypotension in rabbits
Authors: Karasawa N. , Shibamoto T. , Cui S. , Takano H. , Kurata Y. , Tsuchida H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAim:  The purpose of this study was to determine whether anaphylactic hypotension in rabbits is accompanied by hepatic venoconstriction, and the effects of anaphylaxis on hepatic segmental vascular resistances and liver weight in isolated perfused rabbit livers.Methods:  The rabbits were sensitized by subcutaneous injection of antigen of 2.5 mg ovalbumin with complete Freund's adjuvant three times at 1 week interval. One week after sensitization, anaphylaxis was induced by an injection of 2.5 mg ovalbumin into the jugular vein of pentobarbital anaesthetized rabbits or the perfusate of rabbit livers perfused via the portal vein at a constant flow. Using the double occlusion technique to estimate the hepatic sinusoidal pressure, pre‐ (Rpre) and post‐sinusoidal (Rpost) resistances were calculated for the isolated perfused livers.Results:  An antigen injection into the sensitized rabbits caused not only a decrease in systemic arterial pressure from 79 ± 2 to 40 ± 4 mmHg, but also an increase in portal venous pressure (Ppv) from 9.5 ± 2.2 to 24.1 ± 3.9 cmH2O. Portal hypertension persisted for 8 min after the antigen injection. An injection of antigen into the perfusate caused a marked increase in Ppv from 5.4 ± 0.1 to 28.6 ± 2.4 cmH2O at 6 min, but only a slight increase in double occlusion pressure from 2.2 ± 0.2 to 3.8 ± 0.2 cmH2O, resulting in a selective increase in Rpret rather than Rpost. Concomitant with the hepatic pre‐sinusoidal constriction, liver weight loss occurred.Conclusion:  Anaphylactic hypotension in rabbits is accompanied by hepatic venoconstriction which is characterized by pre‐sinusoidal contraction.
New antithrombotics – pharmacologic profile and implications for anesthesia and surgery
Authors: VON HEYMANN CHRISTIAN , SCHOENFELD HELGE , SANDER MICHAEL , SPIES CLAUDIA 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYIn recent years some new antithrombotics have been studied or in part licensed, which have proven to be highly effective and, therefore, may replace the well‐known anticoagulants such as unfractionated heparin, low‐molecular‐weight heparin and warfarin in the future. The purpose of this review is to provide an introduction to the pharmacologic profile and clinical indications of the new direct thrombin inhibitors bivalirudin, argatroban, ximelagatran as well as the indirect factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors fondaparinux and idraparinux. In particular, this article focuses on implications for the safe use of these new agents in surgery and anesthesia, and discusses therapeutic options for drug‐induced bleeding.
Coeliac disease and oats: a systematic review
Authors: Haboubi N Y , Taylor S , Jones S 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A systematic review of the literature related to the inclusion of oats in the gluten-free diet for patients with coeliac disease to assess whether oats can be recommended. A computerised literature review of multiple databases was carried out, identifying 17 primary studies, 6 of which met the criteria for inclusion in this review. None of the six studies found any significant difference in the serology between the oats and control groups. Two studies, however, identified a significant difference (p&lt;0.001; p = 0.039) in intraepithelial lymphocyte counts between the oats and control groups. Oats can be symptomatically tolerated by most patients with coeliac disease; however, the long-term effects of a diet containing oats remain unknown. Patients with coeliac disease wishing to consume a diet containing oats should therefore receive regular follow-up, including small bowel biopsy at a specialist clinic for life.
How to avoid a misdiagnosis in patients presenting with transient loss of consciousness
Authors: Petkar Sanjiv , Cooper Paul , Fitzpatrick Adam P 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Daily in the UK, frontline medical and paramedical staff are required to manage patients with “collapse?cause”. This universal colloquialism refers to patients who have had an abrupt loss of postural tone. Some of these patients would have had a “blackout” or a transient loss of consciousness (T-LOC). The three most important causes of T-LOC are syncope, epilepsy and psychogenic blackouts. Determining the correct cause is an important challenge; if the initial clinical diagnosis is wrong, investigations may be misdirected, and the final diagnosis and treatment incorrect. Syncope is much more common than epilepsy and may present with symptoms akin to the latter. This fact is not well appreciated and often leads to misdiagnosis. This article deals with the clinical features of the three main causes of blackouts, the value of investigations in arriving at a diagnosis and the problem of misdiagnosis. Pathways for managing patients presenting with blackouts are suggested.
Venous thromboembolic disease and cancer
Authors: Fennerty A 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Venous thromboembolic disease is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with cancer. Patients have a 5–6-fold increase in the risk for a venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared with the general population, increasing to 6–7-fold for some cancers. Prophylaxis for VTE should be considered whenever additional risk factors intervene. About 10% of patients with an idiopathic VTE will harbour an occult cancer. Half of these can probably be detected after a focused history, examination, routine blood tests and a chest x ray. The remaining cases may be diagnosed with an intensive screening protocol. About 60% of patients diagnosed on screening will have early disease, but we do not know whether screening improves the outcome. Evidence suggests that patients with cancer and a VTE should be treated with low-molecular-weight heparin, and treatment continued until the cancer is cured.
Massive haemorrhage after a low-energy pubic ramus fracture in a 71-year-old woman
Authors: Macdonald D J M , Tollan C J , Robertson I , Rana B S 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We describe a case of a patient receiving warfarin who presented with a superior pubic ramus fracture after a trivial fall at home. She developed a massive retroperitoneal haematoma as a result of vascular injury and subsequently died. This case emphasises the importance of admitting and observing patients with pubic rami fractures who are receiving antithrombotic treatment, and haemorrhage should be considered if they become haemodynamically compromised.
Computation of haplotypes on SNPs subsets: advantage of the "global method"
Authors: Coulonges Cédric , Delaneau Olivier , Girard Manon , Do Hervé , Adkins Ronald , Spadoni Jean-Louis , Zagury Jean-François 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackgroundGenetic association studies aim at finding correlations between a disease state and genetic variations such as SNPs or combinations of SNPs, termed haplotypes. Some haplotypes have a particular biological meaning such as the ones derived from SNPs located in the promoters, or the ones derived from non synonymous SNPs. All these haplotypes are "subhaplotypes" because they refer only to a part of the SNPs found in the gene. Until now, subhaplotypes were directly computed from the very SNPs chosen to constitute them, without taking into account the rest of the information corresponding to the other SNPs located in the gene. In the present work, we describe an alternative approach, called the "global method", which takes into account all the SNPs known in the region and compare the efficacy of the two "direct" and "global" methods.ResultsWe used empirical haplotypes data sets from theGH1promoter and theAPOEgene, and 10 simulated datasets, and randomly introduced in them missing information (from 0% up to 20%) to compare the 2 methods. For each method, we used the PHASE haplotyping software since it was described to be the best. We showed that the use of the "global method" for subhaplotyping leads always to a better error rate than the classical direct haplotyping. The advantage provided by this alternative method increases with the percentage of missing genotyping data (diminution of the average error rate from 25% to less than 10%). We applied the global method software on the GRIV cohort for AIDS genetic associations and some associations previously identified through direct subhaplotyping were found to be erroneous.ConclusionThe global method for subhaplotyping can reduce, sometimes dramatically, the error rate on patient resolutions and haplotypes frequencies. One should thus use this method in order to minimise the risk of a false interpretation in genetic studies involving subhaplotypes. In practice the global method is always more efficient than the direct method, but a combination method taking into account the level of missing information in each subject appears to be even more interesting when the level of missing information becomes larger (>10%).
A genome scan for quantitative trait loci affecting growth-related traits in an F1 family of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Wang Chun Ming , Lo Loong Chueng , Zhu Ze Yuan , Yue Gen Hua 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Body weight and length are economically important traits in foodfish species influenced by quantitative trait loci (QTL) and environmental factors. It is usually difficult to dissect the genetic and environmental effects. Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is an important marine foodfish species with a compact genome (~700 Mb). The recent construction of a first generation linkage map of Asian seabass with 240 microsatellites provides a good opportunity to determine the number and position of QTL, and the magnitude of QTL effects with a genome scan.

Results
We conducted a genome scan for QTL affecting body weight, standard length and condition factors in an F1 family containing 380 full-sib individuals from a breeding stock by using 97 microsatellites evenly covering 24 chromosomes. Interval mapping and multiple QTL model mapping detected five significant and 27 suggestive QTL on ten linkage groups (LGs). Among the five significant QTL detected, three (qBW2-a, qTL2-a and qSL2-a) controlling body weight, total and standard length respectively, were mapped on the same region near Lca287 on LG2, and explained 28.8, 58.9 and 59.7% of the phenotypic variance. The other two QTL affecting body weight, qBW2-b and qBW3, were located on LG2 and 3, and accounted for 6.4 and 8.8% of the phenotypic variance. Suggestive QTL associated with condition factors are located on six different LGs.

Conclusion
This study presents the first example of QTL detection for growth-related traits in an F1 family of a marine foodfish species. The results presented here will enable further fine-mapping of these QTL for marker-assisted selection of the Asian seabass, eventually identifying individual genes responsible for growth-related traits.
The biochemical differentiation of Enterobacter sakazakii genotypes
Authors: Iversen Carol , Waddington Mike , Farmer Jim J , Forsythe Stephen J 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background

Enterobacter sakazakii is an emergent pathogen that has been associated with neonatal infections through contaminated powdered infant milk formula. The species was defined by Farmer et al. (1980) who described 15 biogroups according to the biochemical characterization of 57 strains. This present study compares genotypes (DNA cluster groups based on partial 16S rDNA sequence analysis) with the biochemical traits for 189 E. sakazakii strains.

Results
Analysis of partial 16S rDNA sequences gave 4 well defined phylogenetic groups. Cluster group 1 was composed of the majority of strains (170/189) and included Biogroups 1–5, 7–9, 11, 13 and 14. Cluster 3 corresponded with Biogroup 15 and cluster 4 with Biogroups 6, 10 and 12. Cluster group 2 comprised a new Biogroup 16. For the isolates in this study, the four DNA cluster groups can be distinguished using the inositol, dulcitol and indole tests.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates an agreement between genotyping (partial 16S rDNA) and biotyping and describes a new biogroup of E. sakazakii.
Complications of combined radiation therapy and surgery for carcinoma of the larynx and inferior hypopharynx
Authors: Thawley Stanley E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA group of 554 patients was studied to determine and compare the complications of combined preoperative radiation therapy with surgery and combined surgery with postoperative radiation therapy when used for treatment of carcinoma of the larynx and inferior hypopharynx. The complications recorded were infection, slough, carotid blowout, glottic insufficiency, pharyngeal stricture, operative death, chondritis, fistula, and margins of resection involved with tumor. The highest complication rates were in the partial laryngopharyngectopy‐postoperative radiation group (63.6%) and in the supraglottic laryngectomy‐postoperative radiation group (52.9%). Most of the increase in total complication rate was attributable to higher rates of glottic insufficiency and margins involved with tumor categories. The lowest complication rates were in the hemilaryngectomy with no radiation group (4.5%) and the total laryngectomy‐postoperative radiation group (12.8%). The complication rate for the supraglottic laryngectomy‐postoperative radiation group (52.9%) was significantly higher than for the preoperative radiation‐supraglottic laryngectomy group (26.4%). Within the partial laryngopharyngectomy group, there was no significant difference in total complication rate between the use of preoperative (47.2%) or postoperative radiation (63.6%). Within the total laryngectomy group there was no significant difference between complication rates when either preoperative or postoperative radiation was employed. There was no significant difference in the rate of carotid blowout, chondritis, operative death, slough, or fistula, between preoperative or postoperative radiation in any of the surgical groups. In general, patients with conservation surgery seem to tolerate postoperative radiation without a prohibitive increase in complications.
Aerodigestive dysfunction secondary to thyroid tumors
Authors: Calcaterra Thomas C. , Maceri Dennis R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough most thyroid tumors first manifest clinically by a neck mass, several patients with thyroid tumor have been treated whose initial complaint was a disturbance of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Because this association is not well recognized, the diagnosis of a thyroid tumor can be delayed, or even missed until the tumor grows much larger causing other symptoms.A series of 269 patients with thyroid tumors seen at UCLA from 1970‐1980 was reviewed. Approximately 16% of these patients sought treatment because of aerodigestive dysfunction such as dyspnea, dysphagia, hoarseness, throat discomfort and hemoptysis. Such symptoms often indicate malignancy of substernal extension of tumor. The management of these tumors is discussed.
Severe complication of a zenker's diverticulum with endoscopic diverticulotomy rescue
Authors: White Irving L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPersistent pharyngoesophageal obstruction precipitated by Iodgement of a foreign body in a Zenker's diverticulum, with abscess formation, was successfully treated by endoscopic diverticulotomy. The symptoms and pathogenesis of Zenker's diverticula are fully described, emphasizing the importance of the cricopharyngeus and party wall in its development and relentless progress.Transcutaneous resection of diverticula is reviewed. Detailed description of the technique of endoscopic diverticulotomy is outlined. The rationale and indications for the endoscopic approach are delineated.