bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Height and body mass index in young adulthood and risk of schizophrenia: a longitudinal study of 1 347 520 Swedish men
Authors: Zammit S. , Rasmussen F. , Farahmand B. , Gunnell D. , Lewis G. , Tynelius P. , Brobert G. P. 
Published: August 2007

Objective:  Measures of body size reflect genetic and environmental influences on growth and energy balance. Associations between such measures and risk of schizophrenia have been inconsistent.Method:  This is a population‐based cohort study of 1 347 520 men born in Sweden from 1952 to 1982, with height and body mass index (BMI) data available from conscription records. The Swedish National Hospital Discharge Register was used to identify subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia from 1970 to 2000.Results:  Subjects with lower BMI and shorter height had an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. Underweight subjects had an approximately 30% increase in risk compared with normal BMI subjects (adjusted HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.20–1.42). Tall subjects had an approximately 15% reduction in risk compared with short subjects (adjusted HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.80–0.92).Conclusion:  Both height and BMI in early adulthood are strongly and inversely associated with risk of schizophrenia. We discuss these findings in relation to possible genetic and nutritional causal mechanisms.
Impact of supportive periodontal therapy and implant surface roughness on implant outcome in patients with a history of periodontitis
Authors: Quirynen Marc , Abarca Marcelo , Van Assche Nele , Nevins Myron , Van Steenberghe Daniel 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective: This review searched for a relationship between susceptibility to periodontitis and peri‐implantitis, with implant outcome as the primary outcome variable and supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) and implant surface roughness as confounding factors.Material and Methods: It is based on a MEDLINE search up to June 2006. Only 16 fulfilled the selection criteria. The heterogeneity of the studies (e.g. periodontal status, SPT, prosthetic design, …) rendered a meta‐analysis impossible.The impact of a history of periodontitis on early implant loss was negligible. Only five papers reported sub‐data for patients with different degrees of periodontitis. Four out of five papers indicate a higher incidence of late implant loss and/or marginal bone loss in patients with a history of periodontitis. This difference was most obvious for very rough implants (three papers), and/or when SPT was not organized (one paper). Other confounding factors were often neglected. Another 10 papers only reported the outcome of implants in patients with a history of periodontitis. In case of SPT and when avoiding roughened surfaces, late implant loss remained below 3%, and marginal bone loss remained low.Conclusions: These results seem to indicate that periodontally compromised patients can be successfully treated with minimally/moderately rough implants, in the presence of SPT.
Accuracy of implant placement based on pre‐surgical planning of three‐dimensional cone‐beam images: a pilot study
Authors: Van Assche N. , Van Steenberghe D. , Guerrero M. E. , Hirsch E. , Schutyser F. , Quirynen M. , Jacobs R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim: To evaluate the precision of transfer of a computer‐based three‐dimensional (3D) planning, using re‐formatted cone‐beam images, for oral implant placement in partially edentulous jaws.Material and Methods: Four formalin‐fixed cadaver jaws were imaged in a 3D Accuitomo FPD® cone‐beam computed tomography (CT). Data were used to produce an accurate implant planning with a transfer to surgery by means of stereolithographic drill guides. Pre‐operative cone‐beam CT images were subsequently matched with post‐operative ones to calculate the deviation between planned and installed implants.Results: Placed implants (length: 10–15 mm) showed an average angular deviation of 2° (SD: 0.8, range: 0.7–4.0°) as compared with the planning, while the mean linear deviation was 1.1 mm (SD: 0.7 mm, range 0.3–2.3 mm) at the hex and 2.0 mm (SD: 0.7 mm, range 0.7–2.4 mm) at the tip.Conclusions: Cone‐beam images could be used for implant planning, taking into account a maximal 4° angular and 2.4 mm linear deviation at the apical tip.
Efficacy of sub‐antimicrobial dose doxycycline in post‐menopausal women: clinical outcomes
Authors: Reinhardt Richard A. , Stoner Julie A. , Golub Lorne M. , Wolff Mark S. , Lee His‐Ming , Meinberg Trudy A. , Lynch James C. , Ryan Maria E. , Sorsa Timo , Payne Jeffrey B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAims: To determine the clinical efficacy of a 2‐year continuous sub‐antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD; 20 mg bid) in post‐menopausal, osteopenic, oestrogen‐deficient women on periodontal maintenance.Materials and Methods: One‐hundred and twenty‐eight subjects were randomized to SDD (n=64) or placebo (n=64). Clinical measurements were performed at posterior interproximal sites at baseline and every 6 months during this 2‐year randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial with adjunctive, no‐cost 3–4‐month periodontal maintenance. Statistical analyses of secondary outcomes from this clinical trial used Generalized Estimating Equations in primarily intent‐to‐treat analyses.Results: For the placebo group, 3.4% of the sites showed improvement in clinical attachment levels (CAL) and 2.7% had progressive loss in CAL; for the SDD group, 5.0% of the sites showed an improvement in CAL and 2.2% had progressive loss in CAL. This difference (2.1% of sites) was more favourable in the SDD group than in the placebo [odds ratio (OR)=0.81%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–0.97, p=0.03] in these well‐maintained patients, whereas probing depths, bleeding on probing and supragingival plaque did not differ significantly between groups (p>0.2). However, in exploratory subgroup analysis of non‐smokers, SDD showed reduced bleeding versus placebo (27%versus 33%; p=0.05). In protocol‐adherent subjects, the odds of bleeding were 34% lower for SDD (p=0.05).Conclusions: Analyses of secondary outcomes of this clinical trial indicated that SDD may be of benefit in reducing progressive attachment loss in post‐menopausal females; additional research is needed to confirm these findings. Protocol registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier:NCT00066027
Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline effects on alveolar bone loss in post‐menopausal women
Authors: Payne Jeffrey B. , Stoner Julie A. , Nummikoski Pirkka V. , Reinhardt Richard A. , Goren Arthur D. , Wolff Mark S. , Lee Hsi‐ming , Lynch James C. , Valente Robert , Golub Lorne M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim: Determine the efficacy of 2‐year continuous subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD; 20 mg bid) on alveolar bone in post‐menopausal osteopenic, oestrogen‐deficient women undergoing periodontal maintenance in a 2‐year double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial.Material and Methods: One‐hundred and twenty‐eight subjects randomized to SDD or placebo (n=64 each). Posterior vertical bite wings taken at baseline, 1 and 2 years for alveolar bone density (ABD), using radiographic absorptiometry (RA) and computer‐assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA), and alveolar bone height (ABH). Statistical analyses utilized generalized estimating equations; primary analyses were intent to treat (ITT). Results are presented as SDD versus placebo.Results: Under ITT, there was no statistically significant effect of SDD on ABD loss (RA: p=0.8; CADIA: p=0.2) or ABH loss (p=0.2). Most sites (81–95%) were inactive. For subgroup analyses, mean CADIA was higher with SDD for non‐smokers (p=0.05) and baseline probing depths 5 mm (p=0.003). SDD was associated with 29% lower odds of more progressive ABH loss in women >5 years post‐menopausal (p=0.05) and 36% lower among protocol‐adherent subjects (p=0.03).Conclusions: In post‐menopausal osteopenic women with periodontitis, SDD did not differ overall from placebo. Based on exploratory subgroup analyses, additional research is needed to determine the usefulness of SDD in non‐smokers, subjects >5 years post‐menopausal and in deeper pockets. Protocol registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT00066027
Inflammatory mediator release following bone grafting in humans: a pilot study
Authors: Preston Rhonda D. , Meinberg Trudy A. , Payne Jeffrey B. , Schmid Marian J. , Lee Hsi‐Ming , Golub Lorne M. , Marx David B. , Reinhardt Richard A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim: The aim of this pilot study was to track markers of periodontal inflammation and bone resorption associated with decalcified freeze‐dried bone allografts.Material and Methods: Eleven subjects completed standardized treatment of intrabony defects 3 mm with allografts. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from the defect site and an adjacent interproximal site within the surgical field at baseline, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post‐operatively, and analysed for biochemical markers of inflammation/bone resorption. Probing depth, recession, bleeding on probing, plaque, and 6‐month radiographic bone height change were measured.Results: Both prostaglandin E2 (p=0.007) and bone‐specific type 1 collagen (p=0.01) increased in crevicular fluid after 2 weeks in the bone graft sites. Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 levels remained constant over time. There were positive correlations between prostaglandin levels during the first 8 weeks and bone height change over 6 months.Conclusions: Periodontal bone grafts stimulate an inflammatory response during the first 2 weeks post‐operatively, and the potential negative effects of inhibiting prostaglandins post‐operatively should be investigated further.
Reported methodological quality of split‐mouth studies
Authors: Lesaffre Emmanuel , Garcia Zattera Maria‐José , Redmond Carol , Huber Heidi , Needleman Ian ,   on behalf of the ISCB Subcommittee on Dentistry
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground/Aim: Hujoel & Moulton previously questioned the reported quality of split‐mouth studies. Since then, there has been little enquiry into the methodology of this study design. The aim was to conduct a systematic review of the reported methodology of clinical studies using a split‐mouth design published in dental journals over a 1‐year period (2004).Material and Methods: An extension of the CONSORT guidelines for cluster‐randomized designs was used to evaluate quality. We evaluated the methods used and quality of reporting split‐mouth studies.Results: Thirty‐four studies were eligible for this review. The results showed that many papers lack essential qualities of good reporting, e.g. five of 34 papers gave the rationale for choosing a split‐mouth design, 19 of 34 (56%) used appropriate analytical statistical methods and only one of 34 presented an appropriate sample size calculation. Of the five studies that used survival analysis, none of them used a paired approach.Conclusions: Despite some progress in statistical analysis, if the reporting of studies represents the actual methodology of the trial, this review has identified important aspects of split‐mouth study design and analysis that would benefit from development.
Immediate post‐operative effects of different periodontal treatment modalities on oral health‐related quality of life: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ozcelik Onur , Haytac M. Cenk , Seydaoglu Gulsah 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim: Oral health‐related quality of life (OHQoL) characterizes a person's perception of how oral health influences an individual's life quality. The aim of this study is to investigate how the treatment modalities may affect the immediate post‐operative quality of life of patients with periodontitis.Materials and Methods: Sixty psychologically and socio‐demographically matched periodontitis patients were randomly divided into three groups [20 non‐surgical (NS), 20 surgical (SG), 20 surgical plus enamel matrix protein derivative (S+EMD)]. The OHQoL was assessed with two patient‐centred outcome measures [Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) and General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI)] in the post‐operative period of 1 week.Results: Whereas there were no differences of OHQoL at the baseline, the patients treated by surgery had reported that they had experienced a worse OHQoL compared with the NS and S+EMD groups both in the OHIP‐14 and GOHA indexes (p=0.001).Conclusions: The results of this study clearly indicated that patient perceptions on the immediate post‐operative period were significantly better in the NS and S+EMD groups when compared with the SG group. These findings need to be confirmed in further studies with larger populations.
Cigarette smoking and periodontal disease among 32‐year‐olds: a prospective study of a representative birth cohort
Authors: Thomson W. Murray , Broadbent Jonathan M. , Welch David , Beck James D. , Poulton Richie 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground: Smoking is recognized as the primary behavioural risk factor for periodontal attachment loss (AL), but confirmatory data from prospective cohort studies are scarce.Aim: To quantify the association between cigarette smoking patterns and AL by age 32.Methods: Periodontal examinations were conducted at ages 26 and 32 in a longstanding prospective study of a birth cohort born in Dunedin (New Zealand) in 1972/1973. Longitudinal categorization of smoking exposure was undertaken using data collected at ages 15, 18, 21, 26 and 32.Results: Complete data were available for 810 individuals of whom 48.9% had ever smoked (31.5% were current smokers). Compared with never‐smokers, long‐term smokers (and other age‐32 smokers) had very high odds ratios (ORs of 7.1 and 5.7, respectively) for having 1 +sites with 5 +mm AL, and were more likely to be incident cases after age 26 (ORs of 5.2 and 3.2, respectively). Two‐thirds of new cases after age 26 were attributable to smoking. There were no significant differences in periodontal health between never‐smokers and those who had quit smoking after age 26.Conclusions: Current and long‐term smoking in young adults is detrimental to periodontal health, but smoking cessation may be associated with a relatively rapid improvement in the periodontium.
Immunolabeling pattern of cytokeratin 19 expression may distinguish sebaceous tumors from basal cell carcinomas
Authors: Heyl Jennifer , Mehregan Darius 
Published: August 2007

Background:  Distinction between sebaceous tumors and basal cell carcinomas can often pose diagnostic problems. Recent work with the antibody to cytokeratin 19 (CK 19) has shown that this marker has high specificity for undifferentiated basaloid cells. Our aim was to evaluate the use of CK 19 staining patterns in differentiating between sebaceous tumors and basal cell carcinomas. The sebaceous tumors that were examined in this study included sebaceous adenomas, sebaceous epitheliomas (sebaceomas) and sebaceous carcinomas.Methods:  Thirty‐seven cases including 5 sebaceous adenomas, 16 sebaceous epitheliomas, 6 sebaceous carcinomas and 14 basal cell carcinomas (7 being of the morpheaform type and 7 nodular basal cell carcinomas) were tested with a monoclonal mouse antibody to human CK 19.Results:  CK 19 was focally positive in 1/5 (20%) sebaceous adenomas, 8/16 (50%) of sebaceous epitheliomas and 1/6 (17%) of sebaceous carcinomas. Strongly positive expression of CK 19 was not seen in any of the sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous epithelioma or sebaceous carcinoma specimens. CK 19 was found to be strongly positive in 9/14 (64%) and focally positive in 2/14 (14%) of basal cell carcinomas.Conclusion:  CK 19 expression can be helpful in differentiating sebaceous tumors (including sebaceous adenomas, sebaceous epitheliomas and sebaceous carcinomas) from basal cell carcinomas and may be a useful adjunct when these entities are included in the differential diagnosis.
The morphologic spectrum of primary cutaneous anaplastic large T‐cell lymphoma: a histopathologic study on 66 biopsy specimens from 47 patients with report of rare variants
Authors: Massone Cesare , El‐Shabrawi‐Caelen Laila , Kerl Helmut , Cerroni Lorenzo 
Published: August 2007

Background:  Primary cutaneous anaplastic large T‐cell lymphoma (PCALCL) is a well‐defined entity with prognostic differences from the nodal counterpart [nodal anaplastic large cell lymphoma (NALCL)]. Several histological variants of NALCL have been characterized (common, lymphohistiocytic and small cell). However, studies on morphological variants of PCALCLs are lacking.Methods:  We analyzed retrospectively the clinicopathologic features of 66 biopsies from 47 patients (M : F = 27 : 20; median age: 53 years; mean age: 51.8 years; range: 14–82) with PCALCL, in order to better characterize the spectrum of this unusual neoplasm.Results:  The ‘common variant’ was the most frequent (40.4%). In contrast to NALCL, in PCALCL, marked reactive infiltrates are more commonly present. In fact, 26 cases were classified as ‘inflammatory type’ (15 cases) and ‘lymphohistiocytic’ (11 cases). Concerning the predominant cell morphology, large anaplastic cells (33%) were almost as frequent as large pleomorphic (36%) and small to medium‐sized cells (26%). We reported for the first time in the skin 2 rare cases with the predominance of large cells with a ‘signet‐ring’‐like appearance. Epidermotropism and presence of eosinophils were found in a proportion of cases in all PCALCL variants.Conclusions:  PCALCL is characterized by variable histopathological presentations and a broad cytomorphologic spectrum.
Response to James K. A. Smith, Lois Malcolm and Gerard Loughlin
Authors: Hart David Bentley 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article possesses no continuous argument of its own, but consists in a series of replies to observations made by J. K. A. Smith, L. Malcolm, and G. Loughlin regarding my book The Beauty of the Infinite. Thus it addresses a great number of topics, often only tenuously related to one another, and in an order dictated by the pieces to which it responds. Certain themes, however, can be identified as dominant: the capacity of natural reason to discover spiritual truths, the proper rhetoric of evangelical persuasion, the ontological premises that inform (and perhaps justify) that rhetoric, the place of aesthetics within theological reasoning, the role of divine law within Christian ethics, the need for Christian rhetoric adequately to encompass the reality of suffering and loss, the Christian metaphysics of being, the nature of Christian hope, the value of ‘tragic theology’ and the Christian metaphysics of evil.
On David Hart's The Beauty of the Infinite
Authors: Malcolm Lois E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn “The Beauty of the Infinite,” David Hart offers a persuasive case for why the beauty of God's infinity is at the heart of the Christian evangel of peace, a peace funded by our analogical participation in God's Trinitarian life. At the heart of his argument is an appropriation of Gregory of Nyssa's concept of infinity, which presupposes a “non‐dialectical creation of out of nothing.” He then links this understanding of infinity with what he calls the “Christian evangel of peace”, which he contrasts with what he calls a “genealogy of violence” (identified with Hegel, Nietzsche, and Heidegger). His main contribution lies in his use of this understanding of God's infinity to rethink important issues in Trinitarian and Christological doctrine. Nonetheless, the question can be raised about whether his argument does justice to classically Christian understandings of the following: the presupposition, rooted in creation, of a shared human rationality, the importance of law, the centrality of the prophetic critique of idolatry and individual and corporate sin, and the place for lament in biblical depictions of Christ's death and the Christian life.
The interleukin‐6 (IL6)–174 G/C promoter genotype is associated with the presence of septic shock and the ex vivo secretion of IL6
Authors: Tischendorf J. J. W. , Yagmur E. , Scholten D. , Vidacek D. , Koch A. , Winograd R. , Gressner A. M. , Trautwein C. , Wasmuth H. E. , Lammert F. 
Published: August 2007

SummarySeptic shock is associated with a high mortality and an excessive activation of immune cascades. Interleukin (IL)‐6 has been found to be a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis, but the importance of a regulatory polymorphism within the IL6 promoter has been controversial in these patients. The aim of the study was therefore to systematically investigate the IL6–174 G/C promoter genotype with regard to the presence of shock in patients with sepsis, the IL6 serum levels, and the ex vivo secretion of IL6, respectively. Overall, 112 consecutive subjects with severe sepsis and septic shock according to consensus criteria were enrolled. The ex vivo secretion of IL6 after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a whole blood assay and the IL6 serum concentrations were determined after admission of the patients. Among the 112 subjects with severe sepsis, 85 patients fulfilled the criteria of septic shock. In these patients, the frequency of the mutated C‐allele of the IL6 promoter polymorphism was significantly (P = 0.04) higher compared to that in individuals without shock. IL6 serum concentrations were highest in patients with the GG genotype (mean 2209 pg mL−1), followed by CG genotype (mean 1113 pg mL−1), and lowest in individuals with the CC genotype (mean 256 pg mL−1). Interestingly, a significantly (P = 0.005) higher ex vivo secretion of IL6 is detected in heterozygote individuals (535 pg mL−1) and patients with the IL6 CC genotype (555 pg mL−1) compared to patients with the –174 GG genotype (276 pg mL−1). In conclusion, the IL6–174 G/C promoter genotype is associated with shock in patients with sepsis. Functionally, the mutated C‐allele is correlated with low IL6 serum concentrations, but a high ex vivo secretion after LPS stimulation. These results further indicate a complex regulation of the expression of IL6 during infection and have implications for the design of immune intervention trials.
Promoter polymorphism of IL‐18 gene in pulmonary tuberculosis in South Indian population
Authors: Harishankar M. , Selvaraj P. , Rajeswari D. N. , Anand S. P. , Narayanan P. R. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryInterleukin‐18 (IL‐18) plays a vital role in both innate and acquired immunity. We analysed polymorphisms at –607(C/A) and –137(G/A) in the promoter region of IL‐18 gene by allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction in normal healthy subjects (n = 173) and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 165). Allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies did not differ significantly between normal healthy subjects and patients. The results suggest that the IL‐18 gene promoter polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility or resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis in south Indian population of Dravidian descent.
Extensive gene conversion between CCR2 and CCR5 in domestic cat (Felis catus)
Authors: Esteves P. J. , Abrantes J. , Van Der Loo W. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryHomogenization of the CC‐motif chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 of cat (Felis catus) is documented and shown to be the outcome of gene conversion within the feline lineage. All regions were concerned, except the three extracellular protein domains (N‐ and C‐tails, and ECL2), suggesting that structural differentiation at these domains could be related to pathogen susceptibility.