bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local environments, accessibility and affordability: A qualitative analysis of alcohol purchasing across different socio‐economic areas in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Caluzzi Gabriel , Kepa Klaudia , Torney Alexandra , Livingston Michael , Mojica‐Perez Yvette , Taylor Nicholas , Callinan Sarah , Pennay Amy 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol purchasing practices—linked to consumption practices and potential harms—vary across socio‐economic environments. While there is an epidemiological link between purchasing and harm, little qualitative research unpacks purchasing practices with an eye to socio‐economic status (SES). Drawing on qualitative interviews, this paper takes an ecological approach to examine how people in different SES areas discuss their alcohol purchasing practices to understand how SES influences alcohol purchasing.MethodsThis analysis draws on 45 interviews with people who drink alcohol in Victoria, Australia conducted in 2023–2024. Participants were purposively recruited from low, middle and high SES neighbourhoods. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsAccessibility to alcohol outlets influenced purchasing patterns, with those in low SES neighbourhoods facing barriers to accessing on‐premises venues. Neighbourhood‐level norms shaped feelings of safety and enthusiasm for attending on‐premises venues, often tied to local gentrification. Low SES neighbourhood participants were more constrained by on‐premises costs but less conscious of alcohol budgeting, in contrast to the middle and high SES neighbourhood participants, who were more intentional about their budgeting. Participants from all groups noted cost of living concerns influenced alcohol affordability, contrasting this with the continued affordability of cheap wine.Discussion and ConclusionThis analysis provides important context as to how neighbourhood SES can influence purchasing practices. Notably, the emphasis on off‐premises purchasing was common across the groups, influenced by cost of living pressures and perceived affordability of wine.
Einfluss eines dermatologischen Rehabilitationsprogramms auf das kardiovaskuläre Risiko bei Patienten mit Psoriasis
Authors: Attar Jomana Al , von Martial Sophia , Troost Kaija , Neumeister Tobias , Ehrchen Jan , Steinbrink Kerstin , Muke Jochen , Tsianakas Athanasios 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielePsoriasis vulgaris ist eine chronisch entzündliche Hauterkrankung, die mit zahlreichen kardiovaskulären Begleiterkrankungen und letztlich erhöhter Sterblichkeit einhergehen kann. Dermatologische Rehabilitationsprogramme sind neben der klassischen ambulanten Versorgung oder der akutstationären Behandlung eine zusätzliche therapeutische Option für Patienten mit Psoriasis. Diese Studie zielte darauf ab, die Auswirkungen einer dermatologischen Rehabilitation auf kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren, kardiorespiratorische Fitness und Lebensqualität in der Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie des Medizinischen Rehabilitationszentrums Bad Bentheim, Deutschland, zu untersuchen.Patienten und MethodikDiese prospektive Studie umfasste 105 Patienten (Alter > 18) mit bekannter Psoriasis und/oder Psoriasis (pustulosa) palmoplantaris, die sich einem dreiwöchigen Rehabilitationsprogramm unterzogen. Verschiedene patientenbezogene Ergebnisse, einschließlich Dermatologic Life and Quality Index (DLQI), Patient Global Assessment (PtGA), körperliche Aktivität, Pruritus sowie Nikotin‐ und Alkoholkonsumanamnese wurden erfasst. Darüber hinaus wurden der Body‐Mass‐Index (BMI) und die körperliche Fitness bewertet. Die Studienparameter wurden bei Aufnahme, Entlassung vor Ort und nach 3 und 6 Monaten telefonisch erhoben.ErgebnisseSignifikante Verbesserungen der kardiorespiratorischen Fitness (p < 0,001), des Body‐Mass‐Index (p < 0,001), der Lebensqualität (p < 0,001), der subjektiven Einschätzung der Krankheitsaktivität durch den Patienten (p < 0,001) sowie des Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (p < 0,001) wurden festgestellt.SchlussfolgerungenDie Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung eines Rehabilitationsprogramms für Patienten mit Psoriasis aufgrund seiner positiven und nachhaltigen Auswirkungen auf kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren.
Konfokale Line‐Field optische Kohärenztomographie in Lichen planopilaris und frontal fibrosierender Alopezie: eine Pilotstudie
Authors: Nutz Marie‐Christine , Deußing Maximilian , Hartmann Daniela , Lange Silvan , Senner Sonja , Eyssele Tamara , Schuh Sandra , French Lars E. , Welzel Julia , Sattler Elke C. 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleLichen planopilaris (LPP) und frontal fibrosierende Alopezie (FFA) sind häufige Ursachen von vernarbender Alopezie. Während mehrere Studien die Nützlichkeit nichtinvasiver bildgebender Verfahren wie der konfokalen Lasermikroskopie (KLM) und der optischen Kohärenztomographie (OCT) in der Diagnostik narbiger Alopezie gezeigt haben, sollen in dieser Studie charakteristische Merkmale der narbigen Alopezie bei LPP/FFA mit Hilfe der konfokalen Line‐Field‐OCT (LC‐OCT) identifiziert werden.Patienten und MethodikDie Kopfhaut von 51 Patienten (26 LPP, 24 FFA, 1 LPP und FFA) wurde prospektiv an drei definierten Lokalisationen (1) narbiges Areal = Läsion, (2) Narben‐Haar‐Grenze = Übergangszone und (3) gesundes Areal mit der LC‐OCT hinsichtlich folgender vordefinierter Kriterien untersucht: keine (gesunden) Haarfollikel, destruierte Haarfollikel, dermale Sklerose, kein Rimming der dermalen Papillen, epidermales und dermales Entzündungsinfiltrat, infundibuläre Hyperkeratose, erweiterte Blutgefäße, Hypervaskularisation, Melanophagen und epidermale Pigmentinkontinenz.ErgebnisseDer Vergleich der Übergangszone mit den gesunden Kontrollstellen ergab vier wesentliche LC‐OCT Merkmale in LPP/FFA: dermale Sklerose (100,0%), dermales Entzündungsinfiltrat (90,2%), infundibuläre Hyperkeratose (60,8%) und Hypervaskularisation (76,5%).SchlussfolgerungenDie LC‐OCT erkennt spezifische Kriterien für pathologische Veränderungen in LPP/FFA um die Haarfollikel in der Epidermis und Dermis und kann daher für weitere Studien zur Untersuchung von narbiger Alopezie verwendet werden.
BCC‐Diagnose neu überdenken: Automatisierung der konzeptspezifischen Erkennung von BCC in dermatoskopischen Bildern
Authors: Wang Zheng , Hu Hui , Liu Zirou , Lin Kaibin , Yang Ying , Liu Chen , Chen Xiao , Zhang Jianglin 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDas Basalzellkarzinom (BCC) ist eine weit verbreitete Form von Hautkrebs, bei der die inhärente Subjektivität der Dermatoskopie eine diagnostische Herausforderung darstellt. Bestehende KI‐Systeme, die hauptsächlich Einblicke auf der Bildebene bieten, haben nicht die notwendige Interpretierbarkeit, die für effektive klinische Entscheidungen und die Patientenaufklärung entscheidend ist.Patienten und MethodenIn unserer Studie wurde ein verfeinerter BCC‐Datensatz aus dem Human‐Machine Adversarial Model (HAM10000) entwickelt, der von Klinikern kommentiert wurde, um wichtige diagnostische Merkmale zu identifizieren. Wir haben die Architekturen ResNet50 und Mask R‐CNN integriert, um die Leistung des Modells durch die Synthese von merkmalbasiertem Wissen zu verbessern. Statistische Analysen, wie gruppierte Balken‐ und Liniendiagramme, bestätigten die Verbesserung unseres klinischen Diagnose‐Bewertungsschemas.ErgebnisseDas RFSD‐BCC System verbesserte die Diagnosestellung von Basalzell‐karzinomen durch eine höhere Sensitivität, Spezifität und Genauigkeit signifikant. Das System erreichte eine Fläche unter der Präzisions‐Erinnerungskurve von 0,84, die mit hohen R2‐Werten und niedrigen MAEs sehr nahe an den von Ärzten gestellten Diagnosen liegt. Der RFSD‐BCC erhöhte die Sensitivität um 7%, die Spezifität um 11%, die Genauigkeit um 10% und den Intraklassen‐Korrelationskoeffizienten um 6%, was die Effektivität des Systems in klinischen Umgebungen belegt.SchlussfolgerungenDas RFSD‐BCC‐System verbessert die BCC‐Diagnostik durch die Integration von Merkmalkombinations‐Modellen, die sowohl die Sensitivität als auch die Spezifität erhöhen. Es liefert interpretierbare Diagnosen, die eine Brücke zwischen KI‐Analyse und klinischer Praxis bilden und mit deren Hilfe die korrekte Diagnosestellung durch die Ärzte und das Verständnis des Patienten für seine Erkrankung deutlich verbessern können.
Climate‐Associated Genetic Variation and Projected Genetic Offsets for Cryptomeria japonica D. Don Under Future Climate Scenarios
Authors: Uchiyama Kentaro , Ujino‐Ihara Tokuko , Nakao Katsuhiro , Toriyama Jumpei , Hashimoto Shoji , Tsumura Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRevealing the spatial distribution of adaptive genetic variation is both a challenging and crucial task in evolutionary ecology, essential for understanding local adaptation within species, and in management, for predicting species responses to future climate change. This understanding is particularly important for long‐lived tree species, which may not be able to migrate quickly enough to adapt to rapid climate changes and may need to rely on their standing genetic variation. In this study, we focused on Cryptomeria japonica, a major component of Japan's temperate forests and an important forestry species adapted to the humid environment of monsoon Asia. We extracted climate‐associated genetic variation from the entire genome and evaluated its distribution and vulnerability under future climate scenarios using spatial modeling techniques. We analyzed 31,676 high‐quality SNPs from 249 individuals across 22 natural populations of C. japonica, covering its entire distribution range. We identified 239 candidate climate‐associated SNPs and found winter temperature, summer precipitation, and winter precipitation as the most significant factors explaining the genetic variation in these SNPs. The climate‐associated genetic variation deviated from non‐associated (neutral) genetic variation in the opposite (the Sea of Japan and Pacific Ocean) sides of Japanese archipelago, suggesting natural selection of different climate conditions in these regions. Difference in estimated allele frequency at the climate‐associated loci (genetic offset) between the present and future (2090 in the SSP5‐8.5 scenario) climate conditions was predicted to be larger in three areas (not only southwestern Japan but also coastal area on the Sea of Japan side and inland area on the Pacific Ocean side in northeastern Japan). This prediction implies the discrepancy between standing genetic variation at the present and that adaptive to the future climate in these areas, which underscores the necessity for proactive management to adjust the adaptive genetic variation.
Interactions Between Climate Mean and Variability Drive Future Agroecosystem Vulnerability
Authors: Sinha Eva , Xu Donghui , Morris Kendalynn A. , Drewniak Beth A. , Bond‐Lamberty Ben 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAgriculture is crucial for global food supply and dominates the Earth's land surface. It is unknown, however, how slow but relentless changes in climate mean state, versus random extreme conditions arising from changing variability, will affect agroecosystems' carbon fluxes, energy fluxes, and crop production. We used an advanced weather generator to partition changes in mean climate state versus variability for both temperature and precipitation, producing forcing data to drive factorial‐design simulations of US Midwest agricultural regions in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model. We found that an increase in temperature mean lowers stored carbon, plant productivity, and crop yield, and tends to convert agroecosystems from a carbon sink to a source, as expected; it also can cause local to regional cooling in the earth system model through its effects on the Bowen Ratio. The combined effect of mean and variability changes on carbon fluxes and pools was nonlinear, that is, greater than each individual case. For instance, gross primary production reduces by 9%, 1%, and 13% due to change in mean temperature, change in temperature variability, and change in both temperature mean and variability, respectively. Overall, the scenario with change in both temperature and precipitation means leads to the largest reduction in carbon fluxes (−16% gross primary production), carbon pools (−35% vegetation carbon), and crop yields (−33% and −22% median reduction in yield for corn and soybean, respectively). By unambiguously parsing the effects of changing climate mean versus variability and quantifying their nonadditive impacts, this study lays a foundation for more robust understanding and prediction of agroecosystems' vulnerability to 21st‐century climate change.
The HAT Inhibitor ISOX‐DUAL Diminishes Ischemic Areas in a Mouse Model of Oxygen‐Induced Retinopathy
Authors: Nakanishi Kengo , Takamura Yoshihiro , Nakano Yusei , Inatani Masaru , Oki Masaya 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRetinal ischemic disease results in significant visual impairment due to the development of fragile and disorganized, pathologically running blood vessels in the eye. Currently, the mainstay treatment for this disease is the intravitreal administration of anti‐VEGF drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which induces angiogenesis. However, current anti‐VEGF drugs do not diminish the ischemic areas that lead to angiogenesis, making fundamental treatment challenging. Since retinopathy is an acquired disease caused by hypoxic stimulation from ischemia, we paid particular attention to histone acetylases. We conducted a drug screening experiment using a mouse model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR), which replicates retinal ischemic disease, through the intraperitoneal administration of 17 distinct inhibitors targeting histone acetyltransferases (HAT). The results indicated that, among the 17 inhibitors, only ISOX‐DUAL decreased neovascularization and ischemic regions. Furthermore, microarray analysis was conducted on the drug‐treated samples to refine genes altered by the administration of ISOX‐DUAL. There were 21 genes associated with angiogenesis, including Angpt2, Hmox1, Edn1, and Serpine1, exhibited upregulation in OIR mice and downregulation following treatment with ISOX‐DUAL. Furthermore, STRING analysis confirmed that the aforementioned four genes are downstream factors of hypoxia‐inducible factors and are assumed to be important factors in retinal ischemic diseases.
Determining PFAA Plume Stability Condition Quickly and Efficiently
Authors: McHugh Thomas E. , Adamson David T. , Actkinson Blake W. , Newell Charles J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWhile petroleum plumes and even many chlorinated solvent plumes stabilize in size on a time scale of a few to several years, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, particularly perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), in groundwater pose a specific challenge for site investigation and remediation due to their recalcitrance, which creates a potential for much longer‐term plume expansion. Understanding the plume stability condition (i.e., is the plume expanding, stable, or shrinking) is essential for plume management and remedy selection, but resolving this trend using conventional monitoring methods can take 5 to 10 years or longer at many sites. This paper explores the difficulties in determining plume stability condition and presents four tools for evaluating stability condition more quickly and more efficiently: (1) high‐resolution spatial sampling, (2) high‐volume sampling, (3) passive integrative samplers, and (4) statistically based high‐frequency sampling. By employing these tools, site managers can optimize monitoring strategies to quickly discern if and how much PFAA plume expansion is occurring and make timely informed decisions regarding PFAA plume management.
Radial graded‐index chalcogenide glass lenses for mid‐infrared optics
Authors: Wei Chunjin , Yang Anping , Chen Qian , Qiu Tianying , Qi Sisheng , Wang Yong , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRadial graded‐index (R‐GRIN) lens, which has two flat surfaces, is a self‐focusing lens. It can precisely control the beam focusing and simplify the optical system structure, showing great potential in the fields of advanced optics such as optical communication, optical sensing, and optical imaging. Although R‐GRIN lenses working in the visible to near‐infrared waveband have been widely used in fiber optics and microimaging, those operating in the mid‐infrared spectral region have not been commercially available due to the lack of efficient production technology. In this work, mid‐infrared Ge–As–Se–Te chalcogenide GRIN lenses are fabricated by an innovative technique suitable for mass production, and their potential for mid‐infrared optics is assessed. The R‐GRIN lenses are fabricated by assembling a glass rod and a series of glass tubes with gradually changing refractive indices (RIs) into a coaxial preform, drawing it into a cane, cutting the cane into disks, and heat‐treating them. The fabricated R‐GRIN lenses have a diameter of 4.0 mm, a length of 3.86 mm, and an RI contrast of ∼0.238 at 10 µm. The measurement using a 4.6‐µm single‐mode laser as the light source shows that the lenses have a focal length of ∼1.0 mm and can focus the beam with a diameter of 3.3 mm into a spot with a diameter of 0.67 mm. It therefore demonstrates good potential of Ge–As–Se–Te R‐GRIN lenses for mid‐infrared optics and provides a solution for mass production of high‐performance R‐GRIN lenses.
A Scoping Review of Instruments Used to Measure Resilience in Samples of Nurses
Authors: Cooper Alannah L. , Roberts Georgia , Hegney Desley G. , Brown Janie A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo identify and critically appraise instruments that have been used to measure nurse resilience.DesignA scoping review.Data SourcesComprehensive literature searches were conducted using four electronic databases CINAHL Ultimate, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Emcare from the year 2012 to December 2024.MethodsThe titles, then abstracts, of retrieved articles were screened by the authors against inclusion and exclusion criteria, then full‐text screening was performed using Rayyan. Data about the study characteristics and the instruments used to measure nurse resilience were extracted. Copies of the instruments used to measure resilience were obtained and appraised.ResultsOf the n = 4694 publications identified in the initial search n = 386 were included in the scoping review. Studies originated in n = 45 countries, the majority were conducted in China (n = 119) and the United States of America (n = 53). Across the n = 386 included studies, n = 15 instruments to measure resilience were identified and critically appraised. The scores for the instruments critically appraised ranged from 0 to 6 out of a total possible score of 11. Synthesis of results examined instrument development, instrument features and application of instruments.ConclusionCritical appraisal of the instruments used to measure nurse resilience revealed significant deficiencies. None of the instruments included all of the key attributes and factors that influence nurse resilience. There was a predominant focus on individual factors and little consideration of the influence of nursing work environments. Due to the shortcomings of the existing instruments, there are currently substantial limitations in our understanding of nurse resilience and how to measure it.Implications for the ProfessionA profession‐specific comprehensive measure of nurse resilience needs to be developed to better capture the attributes of nurse resilience.ImpactThis review highlights the limitations of instruments applied to measure nurse resilience.Reporting MethodThe JBI scoping review framework.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Deep Listening Training to Bridge Divides: Fostering Attitudinal Change through Intimacy and Self‐Insight
Authors: Moin F. K. Tia , Itzchakov Guy , Kasriel Emily , Weinstein Netta 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDeep, high‐quality listening that offers a nonjudgmental approach, understanding, and careful attention when speakers share disparate views can have the power to bridge divides and change speakers' attitudes. However, can people be trained to provide such listening while disagreeing with what they hear, and if so, are the effects of the listening training sufficient for creating perceptible change during disagreements? This study, conducted with delegates (N = 320) representing 86 countries experimentally tested a “deep” (otherwise termed “high quality“) listening training against a randomly assigned subgroup of attendees who served as a “waitlist” control. During a conversation with another participant on a subject about which they strongly disagreed, participants who had completed a 6‐h training over 3 weeks in high‐quality listening demonstrated improvements in their observed listening behaviors, reported higher levels of interactional intimacy with conversation partners, appeared to increase their self‐insight and subsequently, showed evidence of attitude change. Among the first studies to test semi‐causal outcomes of high‐quality listening training between attendees with diverse and contrary attitudes in a real‐world, cross‐national setting; we discuss the potential and limitations for listening training to support positive relations and an open mind in the context of discourse, disagreement and polarization.
Early‐stage randomised controlled trial of therapist‐supported online cognitive therapy for post‐traumatic stress disorder in young people
Authors: Smith Patrick , Ehlers Anke , Carr Ewan , Clark David M. , Dalgleish Tim , Forbes Gordon , Goldsmith Kimberley , Griffiths Helena , Gupta Monica , King Dorothy , Miles Sarah , Plant Dominic T. , Smith Anne , Steward Jess , Yule William , Meiser‐Stedman Richard 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundEffective face‐to‐face treatments for Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are available, but most young people with PTSD do not receive effective treatment. Therapist‐supported online Cognitive Therapy has the potential to improve accessibility of effective treatment. This early‐stage trial gathered data on the feasibility, acceptability, and initial signal of clinical efficacy of a novel online Cognitive Therapy program for young people with PTSD.MethodsA two‐arm, parallel‐groups, single‐blind, early‐stage feasibility RCT compared online Cognitive Therapy to a waitlList condition. Participants were N = 31 adolescents (12–17 years‐old) with a diagnosis of PTSD, randomised in a 1:1 ratio using minimisation. Thresholds for progression to a larger trial were set a priori for recruitment rate, data completeness, and the initial signal of clinical efficacy. The primary clinical outcome was PTSD diagnosis at 16 weeks post‐randomisation. Secondary clinical outcomes were continuous measures of PTSD, depression, and anxiety at 16 weeks; and at 38 weeks in the online Cognitive Therapy arm.ResultsAll pre‐determined feasibility thresholds for progression to a larger trial were met. We recruited to target at a rate of 1–2 participants/month. No patient dropped out of therapy; 94% of all participants were retained at 16 weeks. At 16‐weeks, the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) effect adjusted odds ratio was 0.20 (95% CI, 0.02, 1.42), indicating that the odds of meeting PTSD caseness after online therapy were 80% lower than after the waitlist (10/16 participants met PTSD caseness after therapy compared to 11/13 after WL). Effect‐size estimates for all secondary clinical outcomes were large‐moderate; improvements were sustained 38 weeks after online Cognitive Therapy.ConclusionsTherapist‐supported online Cognitive Therapy for PTSD is acceptable to young people and has potential for meaningful and sustained clinical effects. A larger trial appears feasible to deliver. Further work is needed to refine the intervention and its delivery and to evaluate it in a larger confirmatory trial.