bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Individual Phenolic Compounds and of their Mixtures on Luminous Bacteria. Part 7: Change of Polyphenol Toxicity in the Presence of their Oxidases and Certain Practical Problems
Authors: Stom D. J. , Geel T. A. , Balayan A. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractData are presented on the toxicity of hydroquinone and pyrocatechol in the presence of protein preparations possessing oxidase activity. Problems are discussed of their use as biologically active means.
Diazinon Toxicity: Activities of Acetylcholinesterase and Phosphatases in the Nervous Tissue of Zebra Fish, Brachydanio rerio (Cyprinidae)
Authors: Ansari B. A. , Aslam M. , Kumar K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe LC50‐value of diazinon for Brachydanio rerio decreases from 2.3 to 2.12 mg/1 during the time from 24 to 96 h. In the course of exposure for 24 to 288 h against 0.26 to 2.08 mg/1 diazinon the activity of acetylcholinesterase as well as acid and alkaline phosphatases decreases to 20.… 30% as a minimum. The decrease of the enzymatic activities in the brain tissue is more time‐dependent than concentration‐dependent, which may de due to the respective metabolites of diazinon.
Toxicity of Nickel to a Fresh Water Teleost, Colisa fasciatus
Authors: Kumar N. , Nath K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe acute toxicity of nickel sulphate to Colisa fasciatus has been evaluated by static bioassay experiments. The LC 50 values of nickel for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were computed to be 96.12, 60.18, 24.45 and 16.72 mg/1, respectively. Their 95 % confidence limits have also been investigated.
Theoretical and Practical Investigations on the Heterogeneous Distribution of Plankton in the Main Basin of the Saidenbach Storage Reservoir
Authors: Horn H. , Horn W. , Kohlsdorf M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo detect spatial heterogeneous distributions it is necessary to delimitate quantitatively the sum of all errors caused by methods from sampling to counting. This is possible by the coefficient of variation, since it constitutes also a measure of the counting error and since its dependence on the counted number or the mean density of the population is clearly defined. In the investigations the error caused by methods (reproducibility of sampling and counting) does not exceed the theoretically permitted maximum counting error (at p = 0.05). Accordingly, all results of investigations for which the coefficient of variation lies above this counting error limit can be interpreted as actual spatial heterogeneous distributions. During the full circulations of autumn and spring as well as the summer stagnation period, in the Saidenbach storage reservoir no significant differences of the phytoplankton were observed within the range of horizontal distances of appr. 100m for 50% of the cases. For zooplankton. 45% of the investigations indicated a homogeneous distribution. The evaluation of data by the patchiness‐index according to Lloyd (L), the Morisita index (M) as well as the graphical comparison between variance and mean value (82/x) do not show any remarkably different results.
Seasonal Variation in Primary Productivity and its Interrelationship with Chlorophyll in the Lake Jaisamand (Rajasthan, India)
Authors: Durve V. S. , Rao P. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLake Jaisamand near Udaipur (Rajasthan) is one of the oldest man‐made lakes in India. The primary productivity of the lake showed a bimodal pattern with a first peak of a higher magnitude in July (7.605 g/m2d C) and the second of a lower magnitude (5.851 g/m2 dC) in December. The minimum production was 2.455 g/m2 dC in November. The chlorophyll values were high during low water levels of summer and low during monsoon months when the water level rises, thereby dispersing the phytoplankton biomass and decreasing its density per unit of water volume. From the results obtained it appears that beside temperature and transparency, the trophogenic area and seasonal water level fluctuations have a considerable influence on the primary productivity in this lake. Based on annual production rates and chlorophyll values lake Jaisamand could be regarded as an eutrophic waterbody.
Daphnia magna as a Model to Assess Heavy Metal Toxicity: Comparative Assessment with Mouse System
Authors: Khangarot B. S. , Ray P. K. , Chandr H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe acute static bioassays with heavy metals at 13 ± 1.5 °C in hard water (total hardness = 240 ppm as CaCO3) were conducted in the laboratory with Daphnia magna. The 48 hr LC values and their 95 per dent confidence limits in ppm of metal were: 0.0038 (0.0027… 0.0053) for Hg; 0.015 (0.009… 0.026) for Ag; 0.1 (0.063… 0.16) for Cu; 0.69 (0.48… 1.0) for Zn; 1.52 (1.01… 2.28) for Co; 1.8 (1.16… 2.70) for Cr; 1.5 (1.07… 2.1) for Cd; 2,63 (1.7… 4.08) for Pb; 7.3 (5.49… 9.71) for Ni and 19.5 (13.45… 28.3) for Sn. At the close of 24 h of exposure Zn and Cd solutions showed milky white precipitation. The order of toxicity of heavy metals in this model was: Hg>Ag>Cu>Zn>Cd>Co>Cr>Pb>Ni>Sn.Comparison of D. magna and mouse LC50 data showed that Daphnia were sensitive at 1/2710, 1/83, 1/123 and 1/5.5, the LC50 values of Hg, Cu and Zn, respectively.Toxicity test with D. magna is simple, requiring less space, time, facilities, acclimatization time and equipment. Furthermore, Daphnia is more functional, reliable and gives reproducible results. Based on this data we believe the Daphnia magna model can be used as a model to study heavy metal toxicity.
Effects of Copper Sulphate on the Free Amino Acids of Channa punctatus (BLOCH).
Authors: Ansari I. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe free amino acids of the liver and muscle of C. punctatus exposed to 1 ppm of copper sulphate solution up to 84 days were investigated. Few amino acids, notably cystine and tryptophan, disappeared and few new amino acids appeared. These changes in the free amino acids may be due to toxic effects of copper sulphate leading to rancidity in the fish.
Purification Limits of the Activated Sludge Process
Authors: Chudoba J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBasic principles determining and substantiating the contents of organics in secondary effluents were formulated and discussed. It has been shown that the activated sludge process, if optimally designed and operated, can produce secondary effluents with soluble carbonaceous BOD5 values below 5 mg/1 and suspended solids concentrations approaching 10 mg/1. While the total values of BOD5 are significantly influenced by SS concentrations, the total values of COD are influenced mostly by soluble refractory organics present in raw wastewaters and formed in the process as microbial waste products.
Zur statistischen Auswertung von mikroskopischen Plankton‐ und Partikelzählungen
Authors: Kalbe L. , Recknagel R.‐D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Poisson distribution is required for the evaluation of counting results. Its availability can be checked with the dispersion index and graphically with a probability sheet. It is shown by an example that with increasing particle density the deviation from the Poisson distribution increases and how these anomalies become visible in the dispersion index and the per‐cent error of the count. For the calculation of confidence intervals, a simple approximation formula and the asymptotic behaviour with growing random sample size are represented. The phenomena of over‐ and under‐distribution as well as of “contagion” (Neyman distribution) are mentioned, and the high‐speed method of counting according to Tippett and the variance‐analytical evaluation methods are referred to.
Ein Beitrag zur Seston‐Eliminierung mit Mikrosiebfiltern
Authors: Kalbe L. , Wollin K.‐M. , Stechert G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe treatment of a highly eutrophic raw water is investigated by a differentiated microscopic analysis of the seston particles in three size classes, an analysis of the assimilation pigments and of the seston solids. At an average number of particles of 106/ml elimination amounts to 31… 44%. The average pigment content of 124 mg/m3 chlorophyll a plus phaeopigments is reduced by 34%, the average dry matter of 14.6 mg/l being reduced by 50%.
A Multimedia Filter in Numerical Calculation
Authors: Dabrowski W. , Burys S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe historical evaluation of the balance equation is well known and several interpretations of the part played by the accumulation term of this equation in the modelling of certain problems connected with the flow of water suspension through a porous body have been published. Unfortunately none of the previous studies gives an opportunity of rapidly calculating the error resulting from the omission of the accumulation term from the balance equation.Recently, however, the use of inequalities to estimate this error has been suggested (DABROWSKI 1982, 1894). These inequalities are based on equations analogous to those of HERZIG, LECLERC and LE GOFF. This method is now used in numerical calculations of the behaviour of the multimedia filter.
Non‐Linear Mapping als Display‐Methode
Authors: Henrion R. , Henrion A. , Henrion G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo illustrate the structure of a data set, different display methods are applied in pattern recognition. With non‐linear mapping the attempt is made to transfer all distances of the objects in the multidimensional space to the plane as well as possible, the minimization of the imaging error being performed by a gradient method. Suitable starting configurations are selected appropriately from the principal component analysis or from results of the cluster analysis. The advantages and drawbacks of the non‐linear mapping compared with the principal component analysis are discussed and examples of results are presented also with respect to the cluster analysis. For the implementation of the non‐linear mapping a BASIC program is proposed.
Simulatoren meteorologischer Eingangsgrößen für mathematische Modelle der Wassergütewirtschaft
Authors: Finke W. , Kluge Ch. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOperational stochastic models with different time discretisation levels have been developed for generation of meteorological input processes for hydrologic models. These stochastic models can also supply the input simulation for water quality management models. In this paper they are outlined with special regard to the threshold model for intermittend processes of short time intervals (less than about ten days) with is based on a “pressed” power transformation to normality and a method of quantiles or alternatively a modified method of moments for estimating the correlation coefficients.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Phosphor‐ und Stickstoffelimination in unbelüfteten Abwasserteichen
Authors: Uhlmann D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn view of the eutrophication problem, there is an increasing requirement to upgrade the performance of waste treatment lagoons (WTL) with respect to the removal of dissolved phosphorus (EP) and of nitrogen (EN). Semicontinuous‐flow laboratory models of WTLs were operated at different conditions of organic and nutrient load, residence time of the water, temperature (T), and illuminance (I). From these experiments, equations were derived which yield the outflow concentration of dissolved phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, respectively, as a function of these variables. The variations of T and I were considered to be the main variables which controlled the seasonal changes of EP and EN. Data from existing lagoons corresponded to the calculations obtained by means of the equations reasonably well. Under the climatic conditions of the GDR, the seasonal mean of EP and EN attains a level of 50 to 60%. A still higher effect would be possible with a decreased load, the combination with additional treatment steps or the exclusion of hydraulic short‐circuiting.
Deleterious effects of Malathion on survivality and growth of the fingerlings ofChanna punctatus(BLOCH.), a freshwater murrel
Authors: Shukla J. P. , Banerjee M. , Pandey K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe LC50of Malathion forChannu punctatusis determined for 24… 96 h of exposure as 10.95… 3.22 mg/l. At exposure to 2.5 mg./l Malathion, growth–measured by increase in weight–is significantly reduced from the 19th day and reduced by 10 % till the 31st day. During the same period of time, the RNA and protein contents of the muscle is lowered by 10 and 15 %, respectively, as compared with the control. In addition to an acute toxic effect, in sublethal concentrations Malathion has also pronounced effects on growth and metabolism.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen über das Phosphataufnahmevermögen ausgewählter Bakterienarten
Authors: Röske I. , Luther D. , Abendroth H.‐C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe P‐uptake by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli is determined in batch culture with peptone/glucose/sodium chloride or peptone/acetate/sodium chloride as substrate at 60 to 120 mg/1 orthophosphate for 20 h with cell densities of 2 · 107/ml (Acinetobacter) or 1.2 · 109. The measurements were carried out by means of an Na2HPO4 (32P) addition of 95 to 420 kBq. During the stationary phase the bacteria achieved the following P‐contents in the biomass in fg/g bacterium: Acinetobacter 6 to 13, Pseudomonas 0.2 to 0.6, Escherichia 0.04 to 0.09; during the phase of growth Acinetobacter achieved 40 to 100 fg/bacterium. Acetate as the substrate did not result in any increase of the P‐uptake. The maximum accumulation with Acinetobacter was 13 % P in the dry substance.
Morphometrie und Wasserbeschaffenheit von Talsperren
Authors: Loth P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMorphometric, hydrophysical and trophic criteria of 66 storage reservoirs with different trophic levels were related to each other on order to get generalizable statements for describing the quality of storage reservoirs and to make predictions for planned storage reservoirs possible. Model setups which are known from literature are compared with measured values from practice, and the results are represented as tables and graphs.
Die Nitratsituation in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Authors: Quentin K.‐E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAltogether 10… 20 kg/ha·a N from precipitation are introduced into the soil. The fertilization of the agriculturally used area increased from 50 to 120 kg/ha·a N between 1950 and 1982. The nitrogen concentration is theoretically increased by 0.4 mg/l due to infiltration of surface water and wastewaters. The data prove agriculture to the main source of the nitrate load of groundwater, especially in regions with predominantly intensive agricultural use there is delivered drinking water with nitrate concentrations of more than 50 mg/l. The fixing of the limit value for drinking water at 50 mg/l nitrate (value recommended by the EC: 25 mg/l) is justified by new findings. Since the technology of nitrate elimination from water is very expensive, mainly the preventing of too high nitrate concentrations should be aimed at by agricultural measures of ground‐water protection.
Untersuchungen zum Stickstoff‐, Phosphor‐ und Kaliumeintrag in das Grundwasser nach Gülledüngung
Authors: Mueller K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbout 53 million tons of liquid manure from the animal husbandry plants of the GDR are used for purposes of organic fertilization per year. Fertilization by liquid manure must be reasonably done, since there should be avoided fertilization and yield losses of agriculture and damages to the ground‐water as a drinking‐water resource. In dependence on the cultivation of crops, the kinds of graining of soils, the month of application and of the quantity used–referred to the application of nitrogen of liquid manure in kg/ha–the enrichment effect of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in infiltration water is determined with the aid of lysimeter investigations. Components of nitrogen which are not used by plants get into ground‐water as undesired nitrate, partly through nitrification processes. Unused potassium, too, migrates into ground‐water, whereas phosphorus is bound by soil. By proposals for new limit values of load with liquid manure, summarized in tabular form, the valid specifications of the GDR standards “TGL” are criticized.
Heavy metal distribution in the Altenwörth Reservoir, Danube, Austria
Authors: Colley R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSome heavy metal concentrations were determined for the water and sediments within‐ the Altenwörth impoundment. The dissolved heavy metal concentrations were very low. The heavy metal contents in the sandy riverine sediments 10 or more kilometres distant from the dam wall were also at a low background level. Closer to the dam wall and especially within four kilometres, heavy metal concentrations were higher. Increased levels are caused by the deposition of fine silt particles with which heavy metals are associated near the dam wall. This sediment can be classified as moderately polluted according to the Geoaccumulation Index of MÜLLER. But the heavy metal contents are not high enough to have deleterious effects on the biota. Concentrations are comparable to those behind other dams on the Austrian Danube west and east of Alten wörth.
Verfahren zur katalytisch‐oxydativen Entsulfidierung von Abwässern
Authors: Walther H.‐J. , Grunig S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe oxidative conversion of strongly alkaline sulphide concentrations in wastewaters from the wet molybdenite enrichment is successfully performed within a relatively short time by the application of atmospheric oxygen, “Winkler adsorbent” (activated form of ash from Winkler generators) or “Winkler generator ash” and chlorinated lime at the same time. The reaction times were 60… 90 min at residual sulphide concentrations of 1… 10 mg/l. The initial concentrations of sulphide were between 400 and 1,200 mg/l. It was proved by comparative investigations that the “Winkler absorbent” or the “Winkler generator ash” have a catalytical effect during the oxidation by air. Therefore, also, e.g., at an initial concentration of sulphide of 600 mg/l only 4 g/l chlorinated lime were required, which corresponded to only about 0.13 times the stoichiometrically calculated quantity with the available chlorine content being taken into account. Flotation cells are suitable as reactors.
Beiträge zur Dynamik der Biomasse in Oxydationsteichen, Teil 4: Untersuchungen an einer hochbelasteten abflußlosen Abwasserteichanlage (Fäkaldeponie Ückeritz)
Authors: Schwarz S. , Schönert C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe system consists of three preliminary clarifiers and two ponds operating in series. It drains 100,000 to 120,000 m3 highly loaded wastewater per year over the ground. In dependence on load, in the pond 1 a midsummer‐time bacterial maximum of up to 800 m3/l occurs. The algal biomass, too, shows an annual curve with one peak; the maximum is independent of the ice cover and varies with the seasons. The BOD5 shows a spring maximum and a summer maximum independent of the biomasses and their variations. In the second pond only slight changes are found from June till October; here prevail algae and a maximum of flagellates. Although a stage of filtrators and consumers is lacking, the system can be regarded as a sewage pond system with a reduction of BOD5 by 73%.
Flotation als einfache Anreicherungsmethode für die Spurenanalyse in Wässern
Authors: Dietze U. , Kunze S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecently the method of flotation is used as a simple step within a number of procedures of chemical analysis for enrichment of waters or industrial lyes to be investigated by ions. By the example of tin analysis all the possible variants are compared with regard to their efficiency. The advantages result from the using conventional methods of chemical analysis in connection with coprecipitation of traces and their flotation at trace levels of ng/ml. The flotation is a fast method of enrichment, it is easily to handle and sufficiently exact. As a proof example the chemical analysis of Sn, Au and Ag is described.
Probleme der Bereitstellung nitratfreien Trinkwassers
Authors: Frölich P. , Hauptmann R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe following possible techniques of nitrate removal from drinking water are compared with respect to their efficiency: reserved osmosis, electrodialysis and ion exchange. It can be shown by test products that it is possible, in principle, to synthesize nitrate‐selective anion exchange resins. Today it is assumed that from this a preferential position of the technology of ion exchange can be expected for the elimination of nitrate from drinking water.
Contact oxidation process followed by activated carbon adsorption for textile wastewater treatment
Authors: Huang Ch.‐W. , Hung Y.‐T. , Lo H. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA pilot plant study and a full scale plant study were conducted to determine the feasibility of using contact oxidation followed by activated carbon adsorption process in textile wastewater treatment, and to determine the effects of types of packing media in the contact oxidation tank and types of aeration process on the treatment performance. Results indicated that contact oxidation followed by activated carbon adsorption process was effective in removing organics and color from textile wastewaters. Types of packing media and types of aeration processes had little effect on the treatment performance. The pilot plant performance was found to perform slightly better than the performance of the full scale plant.
Untersuchungen zur Anreicherung und Bestimmung von Spurenkonzentrationen Epichlorhydrin in Wasser
Authors: Döring C. E. , Schröter P. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince the statements by Peters on the steam distillation had not been confirmed, concentration was carried out by steam distillation/extraction (diethyl ether) in an apparatus after Rijks et al. The final determination is performed gas‐chromatographically from the ethereal extract with addition of tetrachloroethane as internal standard and securing of results by means of coupling of GC/MS. The method yields rates of retrieval of 80 … 100% in the concentration range of 10 ppb.
Kupfer als Algizid
Authors: Lüderitz V. , Nicklisch A. , Kohl J.‐G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhysiological and ecological aspects of the application of copper sulfate as an algicide within aquatic ecosystems are reviewed. Excessive developments of algae due to eutrophication of stagnant waters have to be controlled by preventive measures preferably. Application of algicides should be an exception. The mostly used algicide is copper sulfate because it is effective, selective, economical and undesired ecological side‐effects could not be detected. Since blue‐green algae are very copper sensitive, blooms of that species can be controlled effectively. Although toxicity to fish and invertebrates has been proved for a wide range of concentrations, they are actually not endangered by the commonly applied copper concentrations, because they show avoidance reactions and are only affected by prolonged exposition to copper. Some authors, however, showed free ions to be quickly removed from the water body. Organic compounds, water hardness and high alkalinity decrease the amounts of soluble and toxic copper specimens. Some blue‐green algae species produce strong copper‐complexing and detoxifying agents‐extracellular polypeptides and hydroxamic acids. Some chelatic agents, on the other hand, increase the algicidal effectivity of copper in alkaline waters. Also lipid‐soluble ligands increase copper toxicity in many cases. Some uncertainty in knowledge call for further research.–to determine the very right moment for copper application before algal bloom appearance to avoid oxygen depletion and fish kills‐therefore to improve forecaste of bloom development.–to define the dependence of copper toxicity on the physiological state of the algae.–to search for the effects of co‐stress (simultaneous pH‐shock) in order to restrict copper concentration to low levels and–to estimate and forecast partitioning of copper to the extracellular (chemically bound) and intracellular (taken up by algae) compartment.