bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterolateral Elbow Impingement in Professional Boxers
Authors: Valkering Kars P. , van der Hoeven Henk , Pijnenburg Bas C. M. 
Published: November 2007

Background Elbow injury is common in boxing, but it has not been reported in the literature. The onset is often a hyperextension trauma caused by a missed hit. Clinically the boxers complain of pain, stiffness, and an extension deficit. Purpose To evaluate the pathogenesis, diagnostic approach, and arthroscopic treatment of elbow injury in boxers, and to compare these with other sports-related elbow injuries. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Between 2003 and 2005, a group of 5 professional boxers received a diagnosis of posterior elbow impingement. An arthroscopic debridement was performed. All patients were evaluated preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively with the Hospital for Special Surgery Elbow Assessment Scale. Results An arthroscopic partial resection of the posterior olecranon tip was performed, and osteophytes and fibrous tissue were removed in this area. Loose bodies were removed from the elbow in 3 patients. They were present in the posterior compartment in 2 patients and the anterior compartment in 1. The Hospital for Special Surgery score showed satisfactory to good improvement after 1 year in all 5 cases. They all showed a normal function at follow-up and had a full return to their sports activities. In contrast with the valgus extension overload syndrome, our patients did not show any signs of concomitant ulnar collateral ligament injury. Conclusion Posterolateral elbow impingement in boxers is caused by hyperextension trauma. Concomitant medial elbow instability was not present. Standard arthroscopic debridement showed good results.
Kidney Injuries in Professional American Football
Authors: Brophy Robert H. , Gamradt Seth C. , Barnes Ronnie P. , Powell John W. , DelPizzo Joseph J. , Rodeo Scott A. , Warren Russell F. 
Published: November 2007

Background The frequency and severity of kidney injuries and their impact on return to play in American football has not been described in the literature. Purpose Our objective is to identify the number of kidney injuries in the National Football League (NFL) and the effect of these injuries. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods All kidney injuries in the NFL from 1986 to 2004 were reviewed, including the type and mechanism of injury, treatment, and time to return to play. In addition, NFL physicians and athletic trainers were asked if they were aware of any football player at the professional, collegiate, or high school levels who had lost a kidney and how they would advise a football player with only 1 functioning kidney. Results A total of 52 cases of renal injuries were identified, an average of 2.7 cases per season. The rate of kidney injury was 10 times greater during games (0.000055 per exposure) than practices (0.000005 per exposure) ( P < .0001). The most common injury was kidney contusion (42), followed by kidney laceration (6) and kidney stones and dysfunction (2 each). Almost all the injuries were contact related (49). More than a third of the players required hospitalization for their injury (18), although none required surgery. All the athletes returned to play. The most days missed were after a kidney laceration (mean, 59.8), followed by kidney contusion (15.1) and dysfunction (14.0). While 61% of respondents would allow a professional athlete with only 1 kidney to play, approximately 50% would advise a college athlete with only 1 functioning kidney not to play football, and 60% would advise a similar high school athlete not to play. Conclusion Renal trauma is a rare but potentially debilitating injury in the NFL, with players at greater risk during games. Most players recover to play, but it may take some time, especially with a kidney laceration. It may be safe for players with only 1 functioning kidney to play in the NFL.
Impact of immune thrombocytopenia on the clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Visco Carlo , Ruggeri Marco , Laura Evangelista Maria , Stasi Roberto , Zanotti Roberta , Giaretta Ilaria , Ambrosetti Achille , Madeo Domenico , Pizzolo Giovanni , Rodeghiero Francesco 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe prevalence, clinical characteristics, and prognostic significance of immune thrombocytopenia (IT) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have not been clearly determined. To clarify this, we retrospectively analyzed 1278 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with CLL. Criteria for IT diagnosis included the following: rapid (< 2 weeks) and severe fall (half of the initial level and below 100 × 109/L) in platelet count; normal or augmented megakaryocytes in bone marrow; no or limited (not palpable) splenomegaly; no cytotoxic treatment in the preceding month. Sixty-four patients (5%) were diagnosed with IT. The median time to IT from CLL diagnosis was 13 months (range, 0-81 months), and median platelet count at IT diagnosis was 14 × 109/L (range, 1-71 × 109/L). Fifty-six of the 64 patients (87%) received treatment for IT. The probability of responding to treatment for IT was significantly higher for patients receiving chemotherapy with or without steroids than for patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulins with or without steroids (P = .01). The development of IT was significantly associated with unmutated IgVh, a positive direct antiglobulin test, and the occurrence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Patients with CLL and IT had poorer survival than other patients with CLL (5-year overall survival 64% vs 82%, P < .001), and this effect was independent from common clinical prognostic variables.
Composite signet-ring cell/neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach with a metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma component: a better prognosis entity
Authors: Nugent Summer L , Cunningham Steven C , Alexiev Borislav A , Bellavance Emily , Papadimitriou John C , Hanna Nader 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundMixed (composite) exocrine-neuroendocrine cell carcinomas are defined as an intimate admixture of neoplastic glandular exocrine and neuroendocrine cell types. Although gastric adenocarcinoma containing a small number of neuroendocrine cells is a relatively frequent occurrence, gastric neoplasms containing equal proportions of both cell types are rare.Case PresentationWe present a case of composite exocrine (signet-ring cell)-neuroendocrine cell carcinoma, in which the neoplastic signet-ring cell exocrine and neuroendocrine constituents occurred in fairly equivalent amounts, whereas only the neuroendocrine carcinoma portion of the tumor represented the metastatic component. Light microscopy, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings are described, and the literature is reviewed.ConclusionThis study confirms the ability of pluripotent precursor cells to differentiate into either adenocarcinoma or neuroendocrine tumor and, justifying the designation of composite exocrine-neuroendocrine cell carcinoma as the appropriate classification for this tumor. The protracted clinical course further supports the notion that composite signet-ring cell/neuroendocrine carcinoma tumors behave relatively less aggressively than the pure forms of the former cell type.
Tranexamic acid attenuates inflammatory response in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery through blockade of fibrinolysis: a case control study followed by a randomized double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Jimenez Juan J , Iribarren Jose L , Lorente Leonardo , Rodriguez Jose M , Hernandez Domingo , Nassar Ibrahim , Perez Rosalia , Brouard Maitane , Milena Antonio , Martinez Rafael , Mora Maria L 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Introduction
Extracorporeal circulation induces hemostatic alterations that lead to inflammatory response (IR) and postoperative bleeding. Tranexamic acid (TA) reduces fibrinolysis and blood loss after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, its effects on IR and vasoplegic shock (VS) are not well known and elucidating these effects was the main objective of this study.

Methods
A case control study was carried out to determine factors associated with IR after CPB. Patients undergoing elective CPB surgery were randomly assigned to receive 2 g of TA or placebo (0.9% saline) before and after intervention. We performed an intention-to-treat analysis, comparing the incidence of IR and VS. We also analyzed several biological parameters related to inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis systems. We used SPSS version 12.2 for statistical purposes.

Results
In the case control study, 165 patients were studied, 20.6% fulfilled IR criteria, and the use of TA proved to be an independent protective variable (odds ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.18 to 0.81; P < 0.01). The clinical trial was interrupted. Fifty patients were randomly assigned to receive TA (24) or placebo (26). Incidence of IR was 17% in the TA group versus 42% in the placebo group (P = 0.047). In the TA group, we observed a significant reduction in the incidence of VS (P = 0.003), the use of norepinephrine (P = 0.029), and time on mechanical ventilation (P = 0.018). These patients showed significantly lower D-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and creatine-kinase levels and a trend toward lower levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor and interleukin-6 within the first 24 hours after CPB.

Conclusion
The use of TA attenuates the development of IR and VS after CPB.

Trial registration number
ISRCTN05718824.
Salmonellainfection of afferent lymph dendritic cells
Authors: Chan Simon S M , Mastroeni Pietro , McConnell Ian , Blacklaws Barbara A 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe interactions of Salmonella enterica subspecies I serotype Abortusovis (S. Abortusovis) with ovine afferent lymph dendritic cells (ALDCs) were investigated for their ability to deliver Maedi visna virus (MVV) GAG p25 antigens to ALDCs purified from afferent lymph. Salmonellae were found to enter ALDC populations by a process of cell invasion, as confirmed by electron and confocal microscopy. This led to phenotypical changes in ALDC populations, as defined by CD1b and CD14 expression. No differences in the clearance kinetics of intracellular aroA-negative Salmonella from CD1b+ CD14lo and CD1b+ CD14− ALDC populations were noted over 72 h. ALDCs were also shown to present MVV GAG p25 expressed by aroA-negative S. Abortusovis to CD4+ T lymphocytes. Thus, the poor immune responses that Salmonella vaccines elicited in large animal models compared with mice are neither a result of an inability of Salmonella to infect large animal DCs nor an inability of these DCs to present delivered antigens. However, the low efficiency of infection of ALDC compared with macrophages or monocyte-derived DCs may account for the poor immune responses induced in large animal models.
Serum Retinol-Binding Protein-4, Leptin, and Adiponectin Concentrations Are Related to Ectopic Fat Accumulation
Authors: Perseghin Gianluca , Lattuada Guido , De Cobelli Francesco , Esposito Antonio , Belloni Elena , Canu Tamara , Ragogna Francesca , Scifo Paola , Del Maschio Alessandro , Luzi Livio 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Context: Serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4), leptin, and adiponectin concentrations identify insulin resistance in varied conditions, but their relationships with insulin sensitivity and ectopic fat accumulation are unclear.
Objective: Our objective was to establish how these adipokines are related with intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content.
Design and Setting: We assessed retrospectively serum fasting RBP-4 concentrations in 1) 53 nondiabetic individuals in which insulin sensitivity and IMCL content were assessed by means of the insulin clamp and of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the calf muscles, and 2) 140 nondiabetic individuals in which insulin sensitivity and the IHL content were assessed by means of the updated homeostasis model assessment and of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In both experiments, serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured.
Results: Fasting serum RBP-4, adiponectin, and leptin were associated with peripheral insulin sensitivity, were abnormal in the first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic parents, and correlated with the soleus IMCL content and with the IHL content. The association of RBP-4 and adiponectin with insulin sensitivity was age, sex, and body mass index independent, but stepwise regression analysis suggested that RBP-4, but not adiponectin and leptin, was independently associated with insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin was independently associated with the IHL content, RBP-4, and leptin with the soleus IMCL content.
Conclusion: Serum RBP-4 was a robust marker of insulin resistance. Serum RBP-4, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations reflected ectopic fat accumulation in humans.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Bone Mineral Density in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Group of Men
Authors: Hannan Marian T. , Litman Heather J. , Araujo Andre B. , McLennan Christine E. , McLean Robert R. , McKinlay John B. , Chen Tai C. , Holick Michael F. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Context: Although racial and ethnic differences in vitamin D status and bone mineral density (BMD) are recognized, less is known about how differences in vitamin D status impact BMD, especially among men.
Objective: Our objective was to examine the relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and BMD by race and ethnic group.
Design: We conducted a population-based, observational survey.
Participants: Participants included 1114 Black, Hispanic, and White men, 30–79 yr of age.
Outcomes: We assessed 25(OH)D by a competitive protein binding assay and BMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
Results: Mean age ± sd of the 331 Black, 362 Hispanic, and 421 White men was 48 ± 12.8 yr. Mean 25(OH)D was lower among Black (25.0 ± 14.7 ng/ml) and Hispanic (32.9 ± 13.9 ng/ml) men compared with White men (37.4 ± 14.0 ng/ml, P &lt; 0.01). A higher percentage of both Black (44%) and Hispanic (23%) men had levels of 25(OH)D in the lowest quartile, compared with 11% of White men (P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for age, height, and weight, only White men showed significant positive correlation between 25(OH)D and BMD (range of correlations, 0.00–0.14). Serum 25(OH)D was not associated with BMD in Black or Hispanic men at any bone site. Results were similar when adjusted for age only.
Conclusions: Our findings confirm substantial racial and ethnic group differences in BMD and serum 25(OH)D in men. Serum 25(OH)D and BMD are significantly related to one another in White men only. This may have implications for evaluation of bone health and supplementation in men with low levels of 25(OH)D. Further understanding of the biological mechanisms for these differences between race and ethnic groups is needed.
Statin Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Trimble Jason L , Kockler Denise R 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To evaluate the evidence for use of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) for (he prevention and management of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Data Sources: Literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE (1966–July 2007) and the Cochrane Database (2007, Issue 2). Search terms included HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and vasospasm. Other data sources were identified from select bibliographies. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All controlled trials evaluating statins for the prevention and management of cerebral vasospasm after aSAH and published in the English language were included for review. Clinical and surrogate markers for cerebral vasospasm and outcomes were assessed. Data Synthesis: Cerebral vasospasm, which may occur after aSAH, is associated with serious morbidity and significant mortality. Evidence suggests that statins have noteworthy biochemical effects through inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and superoxide production and up regulation and activation of endothelial nitric oxidase synthase and nitric oxidase production via inhibition of geranylgeranylation of RhoA and Rac1 guanosine triphosphatases. Researchers have proposed that these effects may have a role in preventing or reducing vasospasm after aSAH. One matched control study and 3 placebo-con trolled trials (1 with an additional post hoc analysis) have described use of statins for the prevention and management of cerebral vasospasm after aSAH. These data focused on differing primary endpoints; however, reductions in clinical vasospasm and middle cerebral artery transcranial doppler velocity, improved functional outcomes, enhanced autoregulation indices incidence, improvements in duration and time of impaired cerebral autoregulation, and reductions in rescue therapy have been reported. Conclusions: Current data suggest that statins may be a reasonable treatment option for the prevention and management of cerebral vasospasm after aSAH. However, results from large, well-controlled trials have not been published.
Cranial Base Features in Skeletal Class III Patients
Authors: Proff Peter , Will Florian , Bokan Ivan , Fanghänel Jochen , Gedrange Tomas 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the cranial base configuration in skeletal Class III patients to clarify the conflicting findings from literature.
Materials and Methods: Initial lateral radiographs of 54 skeletal Class III patients and 54 matched controls (Class I, II/1, II/2) aged 14 to 24 years were analyzed retrospectively for 21 cephalometric basicranial variables and jaw lengths relative to anterior cranial base length.
Results: In contrast to overall cranial base length, the anterior (N-S) and posterior (S-Ba, S-Ar) sections failed to show a significant reduction in Class III patients. The significantly more acute angles Ca-S-Ba and Se-S-Ba reflected increased cranial base flexure. Resulting anterior condylar displacement was shown by significant reduction of Se-S-Cd and Ar-Ca. Relative mandibular length was significantly increased.
Conclusions: Decreased basicranial angulation associated with Class III mandibular protrusion was clearly confirmed for skeletal Class III patients. Overall shortening of the cranial base apparently resulted from various minor alterations. The results are compatible with the deficient orthocephalization hypothesis of Class III morphogenesis. The basicranial-maxillary relationship in skeletal Class III remains unclear.
Dental Arch Dimensions in Class II division 1 Malocclusions with Mandibular Deficiency
Authors: da Silva Filho Omar Gabriel , Ferrari Júnior Flávio Mauro , Okada Ozawa Terumi 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the dimensions of the upper and lower dental arches in Class II division 1 malocclusion with a mandibular deficiency compared to normal Class I occlusion dental arches.
Materials and Methods: Photocopies of the dental arches of 48 patients exhibiting Class II division 1 malocclusion with mandibular deficiency and of 51 individuals with normal occlusion were compared. Mandibular deficiency was diagnosed clinically. All 99 individuals were in the permanent dentition. The ages of the subjects ranged from 11 years 4 months to 20 years (mean age = 12 years 5 months).
Results: When compared to subjects with normal occlusion, the upper dental arches of the Class II division 1 patients presented reduced transverse dimensions and longer sagittal dimensions while the lower arches were less influenced.
Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. Significant differences are present between the dimensions of the upper and lower dental arches in Class II division 1 malocclusion (with a mandibular deficiency and in the permanent dentition) compared to normal Class I occlusion dental arches.
Reproducibility of Maxillofacial Anatomic Landmarks on 3-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Images Determined with the 95% Confidence Ellipse Method
Authors: Muramatsu Atsushi , Nawa Hiroyuki , Kimura Momoko , Yoshida Kazuhito , Maeda Masahito , Katsumata Akitoshi , Ariji Eiichiro , Goto Shigemi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective: To assess the plotting reproducibility of landmarks on 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images through use of the 95% confidence ellipse in order to propose sufficiently stable coordinate systems for 3D-CT measurements.Materials and Methods: Six dentists plotted 19 landmarks twice on 3D-CT images. Scatterplots and the 95% ellipses were produced 3-dimensionally, and the areas of the ellipses were calculated for evaluating the reproducibility of landmarks.Results: The plotting reproducibility of each landmark showed characteristic features. Among five landmarks (the sella [S], nasion [N], basion [Ba], orbitale [Or], and true porion [Po]) that are frequently used as reference points on cephalograms, Ba showed the smallest areas for all three coordinate axes, indicating high reproducibility. The coronoid process (CP) and the tooth-related landmarks showed relatively high reproducibility.Conclusion: Sufficiently stable coordinate axes could be proposed for different treatments and studies.
Nasal Changes after Surgical Correction of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion in Koreans
Authors: Chung Chooryung , Lee Yebert , Park Kwang-Ho , Park Sun-Hyung , Park Young-Chel , Kim Kyung-Ho 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Objective: To quantify the changes in the nose after bimaxillary surgery to correct skeletal Class III malocclusion and to test the hypothesis that there is no change in the nasal width following bimaxillary surgical correction of skeletal Class III when a nasal cinch is properly used.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-five adult Korean skeletal Class III patients who had received maxillary advancement/impaction and mandibular set-back surgery in conjunction with an alar base cinch suture were evaluated. The anthropometric variables of the nasal region were measured directly on the soft-tissue surface before and 6 months after surgery.
Results: After surgery, the alar width and alar base width had increased significantly (P &lt; .001), while the nasal tip projection decreased (P &lt; .001). The nostril morphology also showed widening (P &lt; .001). There was a trend for females with a narrow alar width presurgically to have a larger amount of nasal widening compared with those with a broader alar width (P &lt; .05).
Conclusion: There is a high probability of nasal and nostril widening after bimaxillary surgery for skeletal Class III malocclusion in Koreans despite the careful performance of alar cinch suture. Nevertheless, the authors believe that alar cinch suture was positive in limiting the nasal widening to the minimum and would consider routine application during bimaxillary surgery for skeletal Class III especially for female patients with a narrow nose who are susceptible to these changes.