bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of vaccination with the lysate of heat‐shocked tumor cells on nitric oxide production in BALB/c mice with fibrosarcoma tumor
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Mahmoud , Hassan Zuhair M. , Soudi Sara , Shahabi Shahram 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heat shock protein‐70 (HSP‐70) on splenocyte proliferation and nitric oxide (NO) production in the BALB/c mice fibrosarcoma tumor model. To do so, HSP‐70 was induced in the lysate of heat‐shocked tumor cells and WEHI‐164 cells (mouse fibrosarcoma cell line) were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of inbred BALB/c mice to establish a tumor model. Three animal bearing tumor groups were applied: the test group; vaccinated with HSP‐70 enriched tumor lysate; control group I, vaccinated with tumor lysate only; and control group II, which received PBS. Using immunoblot analysis, an increase of HSP‐70 expression was detected in the lysate of heat‐shocked cells in comparison with non‐heat‐shocked cells. The effect of the test lysate on NO production was measured both in vitro and in vivo in the peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes of tumor bearing mice, respectively. The result showed a significant increase in NO production both in vitro by peritoneal macrophages and in vivo after immunization with HSP‐70 enriched tumor lysate. In addition, tumor growth was significantly postponed and the proliferation of splenocytes was increased in the test group. Our results indicate that the lysate of heat‐shocked tumor cells was more potent than that of non‐heat‐shocked tumor cells in inducing anti‐tumor immunity. Since production of NO by HSP‐activated antigen presenting cells (APCs) is likely to affect innate immunity and tumor growth, the probable mechanism of postponing tumor growth would be NO production by innate immune cells. These findings provide a useful therapeutic model for developing novel approaches to cancer treatments.
Detection of cross‐links between FtsH, YidC, HflK/C suggests a linked role for these proteins in quality control upon insertion of bacterial inner membrane proteins
Authors: van Bloois Edwin , Dekker Henk L. , Fröderberg Linda , Houben Edith N.G. , Urbanus Malene L. , de Koster Chris G. , de Gier Jan-Willem , Luirink Joen 
Published: April 2008

MINT‐6478034:

hflB (uniprotkb:P0AAI3) physically interacts (MI:0218) with yidC (uniprotkb:P25714), hflK (uniprotkb:P0ABC7), hflC (uniprotkb:P0ABC3) by cross-linking studies (MI:0030)
MINT‐6478363:

yidC (uniprotkb:P25714) physically interacts (MI:0218) with lldD (uniprotkb:P33232), rplD (uniprotkb:P60723), yrbD (uniprotkb:P64604), rpsA (uniprotkb:P0AG67), aphA1 (uniprotkb:P00551), dacC (uniprotkb:P08506), rpsC (uniprotkb:P0A7V3), rpsD (uniprotkb:P0A7V8), rpsE (uniprotkb:P0A7W1), rpoA (uniprotkb:P0A7Z4), ompC (uniprotkb:P06996), ompA (uniprotkb:P0A910), atpA (uniprotkb:P0ABB0), atpD (uniprotkb:P0ABB4), adhE (uniprotkb:P0A9Q7),hflB (uniprotkb:P0AAI3), hflC (uniprotkb:P0ABC3), hflK (uniprotkb:P0ABC7), lacI (uniprotkb:P03023), gapA (uniprotkb:P0A9B2), rbsB (uniprotkb:P02925), sdhA (uniprotkb:P0AC41), rho (uniprotkb:P0AG30), udp (uniprotkb:P12758), nuoC (uniprotkb:P33599), treB (uniprotkb:P36672) and manX (uniprotkb:P69797) by cross-linking studies (MI:0030)
MINT‐6477988:

yidC (uniprotkb:P25714) physically interacts (MI:0218) with hflB (uniprotkb:P0AAI3), hflK (uniprotkb:P0ABC7), hflC (uniprotkb:P0ABC3), secD (uniprotkb:P0AG90) and secG (uniprotkb:P0AG99) by cross-linking studies (MI:0030)
MINT‐6478012:

yidC (uniprotkb:P25714) physically interacts (MI:0218) with hflC(uniprotkb:P0ABC3) and hflK (uniprotkb:P0ABC7) by cross-linking studies (MI:0030)
Small heat shock protein Hsp27 protects myosin S1 from heat‐induced aggregation, but not from thermal denaturation and ATPase inactivation
Authors: Markov Denis I. , Pivovarova Anastasia V. , Chernik Ivan S. , Gusev Nikolai B. , Levitsky Dmitrii I. 
Published: April 2008

MINT‐6490863, MINT‐6490872:

LC1 (S1) (uniprotkb:P02602), Myosin subfragment 1 (S1) (uniprotkb:P02562) and Hsp27 (uniprotkb:P04792) physically interact (MI:0218) by dynamic light scattering (MI:0038)
MINT‐6490833:

LC1 (S1) (uniprotkb:P02602), Myosin subfragment 1 (S1) (uniprotkb:P02562) and Hsp27 (uniprotkb:P04792) physically interact (MI:0218) by cosedimentation (MI:0027)
MINT‐6490770, MINT‐6490782:

LC1 (S1) (uniprotkb:P02602), Myosin subfragment 1 (S1) (uniprotkb:P02562) and Hsp27 (uniprotkb:P04792) physically interact (MI:0218) by light scattering (MI:0067)
Minor Antenna Proteins CP24 and CP26 Affect the Interactions between Photosystem II Subunits and the Electron Transport Rate in Grana Membranes of Arabidopsis
Authors: de Bianchi Silvia , Dall'Osto Luca , Tognon Giuseppe , Morosinotto Tomas , Bassi Roberto 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
We investigated the function of chlorophyll a/b binding antenna proteins Chlorophyll Protein 26 (CP26) and CP24 in light harvesting and regulation of photosynthesis by isolating Arabidopsis thaliana knockout lines that completely lacked one or both of these proteins. All three mutant lines had a decreased efficiency of energy transfer from trimeric light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) to the reaction center of photosystem II (PSII) due to the physical disconnection of LHCII from PSII and formation of PSII reaction center depleted domains in grana partitions. Photosynthesis was affected in plants lacking CP24 but not in plants lacking CP26: the former mutant had decreased electron transport rates, a lower ΔpH gradient across the grana membranes, reduced capacity for nonphotochemical quenching, and limited growth. Furthermore, the PSII particles of these plants were organized in unusual two-dimensional arrays in the grana membranes. Surprisingly, overall electron transport, nonphotochemical quenching, and growth of the double mutant were restored to wild type. Fluorescence induction kinetics and electron transport measurements at selected steps of the photosynthetic chain suggested that limitation in electron transport was due to restricted electron transport between QA and QB, which retards plastoquinone diffusion. We conclude that CP24 absence alters PSII organization and consequently limits plastoquinone diffusion.
The Receptor Kinase CORYNE ofArabidopsisTransmits the Stem Cell–Limiting Signal CLAVATA3 Independently of CLAVATA1
Authors: Müller Ralf , Bleckmann Andrea , Simon Rüdiger 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStem cells in shoot and floral meristems of Arabidopsis thaliana secrete the signaling peptide CLAVATA3 (CLV3) that restricts stem cell proliferation and promotes differentiation. The CLV3 signaling pathway is proposed to comprise the receptor kinase CLV1 and the receptor-like protein CLV2. We show here that the novel receptor kinase CORYNE (CRN) and CLV2 act together, and in parallel with CLV1, to perceive the CLV3 signal. Mutations in CRN cause stem cell proliferation, similar to clv1, clv2, and clv3 mutants. CRN has additional functions during plant development, including floral organ development, that are shared with CLV2. The CRN protein lacks a distinct extracellular domain, and we propose that CRN and CLV2 interact via their transmembrane domains to establish a functional receptor.
Co‐infection of respiratory bacterium with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus induces an exacerbated pneumonia in mice
Authors: Ami Yasushi , Nagata Noriyo , Shirato Kazuya , Watanabe Rie , Iwata Naoko , Nakagaki Keiko , Fukushi Shuetsu , Saijo Masayuki , Morikawa Shigeru , Taguchi Fumihiro 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSARS‐CoV grows in a variety of tissues that express its receptor, although the mechanism for high replication in the lungs and severe respiratory illness is not well understood. We recently showed that elastase enhances SARS‐CoV infection in cultured cells, which suggests that SARS development may be due to elastase‐mediated, enhanced SARS‐CoV infection in the lungs. To explore this possibility, we examined whether co‐infection of mice with SARS‐CoV and Pp, a low‐pathogenic bacterium which elicits elastase production in the lungs, induces exacerbation of pneumonia. Mice co‐infected with SARS‐CoV and Pp developed severe respiratory disease with extensive weight loss, resulting in a 33∼90% mortality rate. Mice with exacerbated pneumonia showed enhanced virus infection in the lungs and histopathological lesions similar to those found in human SARS cases. Intranasal administration of LPS, another elastase inducer, showed an effect similar to that of Pp infection. Thus, this study shows that exacerbated pneumonia in mice results from co‐infection with SARS‐CoV and a respiratory bacterium that induces elastase production in the lungs, suggesting a possible role for elastase in the exacerbation of pneumonia.
Attenuated Listeria infection activates natural killer cell cytotoxicity to regress melanoma growth in vivo
Authors: Shen Hua , Kanoh Makoto , Maruyama Saho , Matsumoto Akira , Zhang Wei , Asano Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes infection induces various types of immune responses. The Lm‐induced immunity not only protects the hosts against Lm infection but also has a therapeutic effect on other diseases such as tumors and infectious diseases. In the present study, we sought to identify the cells and molecules that are primarily responsible for the Lm‐induced antitumor immune response. We investigated the mechanism of the antitumor immune response induced by Lm infection using melanoma cells and various types of gene‐manipulated mice and B16F10 melanoma cells. Melanoma cells were implanted into mice intrasplenically or intraperitoneally. Lm infection of mice remarkably suppressed the growth of transplanted melanoma. The suppression of melanoma growth was due to the augmented NK cytotoxicity. The Lm‐induced NK activation against melanoma was type I interferon‐ and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1‐dependent but independent of IL‐12 and IFN‐γ. In contrast to avirulent Listeria innocua and hly− Lm failed to induce NK activation, a mutant Lm strain with minimal hemolytic activity and with normal accessibility to cytoplasm‐induced NK activation. We demonstrated that the attenuated Lm entrance into the cytoplasm induces the production of type I IFN followed by the activation of NK cells, which is essential for the Lm‐induced antitumor response.
Late Cretaceous to Miocene sea‐level estimates from the New Jersey and Delaware coastal plain coreholes: an error analysis
Authors: Kominz M. A. , Browning J. V. , Miller K. G. , Sugarman P. J. , Mizintseva S. , Scotese C. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSea level has been estimated for the last 108 million years through backstripping of corehole data from the New Jersey and Delaware Coastal Plains. Inherent errors due to this method of calculating sea level are discussed, including uncertainties in ages, depth of deposition and the model used for tectonic subsidence. Problems arising from the two‐dimensional aspects of subsidence and response to sediment loads are also addressed. The rates and magnitudes of sea‐level change are consistent with at least ephemeral ice sheets throughout the studied interval. Million‐year sea‐level cycles are, for the most part, consistent within the study area suggesting that they may be eustatic in origin. This conclusion is corroborated by correlation between sequence boundaries and unconformities in New Zealand. The resulting long‐term curve suggests that sea level ranged from about 75–110 m in the Late Cretaceous, reached a maximum of about 150 m in the Early Eocene and fell to zero in the Miocene. The Late Cretaceous long‐term (107years) magnitude is about 100–150 m less than sea level predicted from ocean volume. This discrepancy can be reconciled by assuming that dynamic topography in New Jersey was driven by North America overriding the subducted Farallon plate. However, geodynamic models of this effect do not resolve the problem in that they require Eocene sea level to be significantly higher in the New Jersey region than the global average.
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma showing an interfollicular pattern of proliferation: a study of the Osaka Lymphoma Study Group
Authors: Yamauchi A , Ikeda J , Nakamichi I , Kohara M , Fukuhara S , Hino M , Kanakura Y , Ogawa H , Sugiyama H , Kanamaru A , Aozasa K 
Published: April 2008

Aims:  Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) usually proliferates effacing lymph follicles. In occasional cases, tumour cells show an interfollicular pattern of proliferation preserving lymph follicles. The aim was to analyse clinicopathological findings in DLBCL showing an interfollicular pattern of proliferation to determine whether this type of lymphoma is a distinct entity of DLBCL.Methods and results:  Clinicopathological findings in 12 cases of DLBCL showing an interfollicular pattern of proliferation [interfollicular group (IF)] were examined and compared with those in 30 cases of DLBCL with ordinary morphology [control group (CG)]. IF showed a significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase level and International Prognostic Index scores than CG (P = 0.023 and P < 0.01, respectively). The frequency of localized disease, clinical stage 1 and 2, in IF was higher than that in CG (P = 0.016). A morphologically polymorphous pattern of proliferation was found in seven of 12 cases (58.3%) in IF, which was higher than that in CG, five (16.7%) of 30 cases (P < 0.01). Clonality analysis with the polymerase chain reaction method revealed that all 11 IF cases examined showed a monoclonal pattern. Immunohistochemically, the majority (11 of 12) of IF cases showed a non‐germinal centre B‐cell phenotype and the frequency was higher than that in CG (P = 0.021).Conclusion:  Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with an interfollicular pattern of proliferation shows distinct clinical and pathological findings from ordinary DLBCL.
Morphological effects of ceramide on DMPC/DHPC bicelles
Authors: BARBOSA‐BARROS L. , DE LA MAZA A. , WALTHER P. , ESTELRICH J. , LÓPEZ O. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryFreeze fracture electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering were applied to characterize the morphological changes of DMPC/DHPC bicellar systems induced by the addition of ceramides. The results demonstrate a tendency of the DMPC/DHPC aggregates to evolve forming elongated or tubular structures with the increase of the temperature. At 20°C, low concentrations of ceramide promote the appearance of elongated structures with twisted zones. Higher concentrations of this lipid lead to the formation of liposomes along the elongated structures. The increase of the temperature to 40°C induces the growth of the structures containing low concentrations of ceramide forming branched aggregates. In samples with high amounts of ceramide, the increase of temperature causes phase separation and the formation of a mixed system composed by liposomes and multilamellar tubules. The morphological effects induced by ceramides in this new membrane model give new insights for the role played by this lipid in biological membranes.
Fabrication of a versatile substrate for finding samples on the nanometer scale
Authors: NOWAK D. B. , VATTIPALLI M. K. , ABRAMSON J. J. , SÁNCHEZ E. J. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryWith increasing interest in nanometer scale studies, a common research issue is the need to use different analytical systems with a universal substrate to relocate objects on the nanometer scale. Our paper addresses this need. Using the delicate milling capability of a focused ion beam (FIB) system, a region of interest (ROI) on a sample is labelled via a milled reference grid. FIB technology allows for milling and deposition of material at the sub 20‐nm level, in a similar user environment as a standard scanning electron microscope (SEM). Presently commercially available transmission electron microscope (TEM) grids have spacings on the order 100 μm on average; this technique can extend this dimension down to the submicrometre level. With a grid on the order of a few micrometres optical, FIBs, TEMs, scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), and atomic force microscopes (AFM) are able to image the ROI, without special chemical processes or conductive coatings required. To demonstrate, Au nanoparticles of ∼ 25 nm in size were placed on a commercial Formvar®‐ and carbon‐coated TEM grid and later milled with a grid pattern. Demonstration of this technique is also extended to bulk glass substrates for the purpose of sample location. This process is explained and demonstrated using all of the aforementioned analytical techniques.
High‐pass energy‐filtered photoemission electron microscopy imaging of dopants in silicon
Authors: HOVORKA M. , FRANK L. , VALDAITSEV D. , NEPIJKO S.A. , ELMERS H.S. , SCHÖNHENSE G. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryDifferently doped areas in silicon can show strong electron‐optical contrast in dependence on the dopant concentration and surface conditions. Photoemission electron microscopy is a powerful surface‐sensitive technique suitable for fast imaging of doping‐induced contrast in semiconductors. We report on the observation of Si (100) samples with n‐ and p‐type doped patterns (with the dopant concentration varied from 1016 to 1019 cm−3) on a p‐ and n‐type substrate (doped to 1015 cm−3), respectively. A high‐pass energy filter of the entire image enabled us to obtain spectroscopic information, i.e. quantified photo threshold and related photoyield differences depending on the doping level. Measurements have confirmed the possibility of resolving areas at a high contrast even with the lowest dopant concentration when employing the energy filter. The influence of electron absorption phenomena on contrast formation is discussed.
Two‐dimensional dopant profiling with low‐energy SEM
Authors: MIKA F. , FRANK L. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThe scanning electron microscope has proven itself efficient for determining dopant concentrations in semiconductors. Contrast between differently doped areas is observable in the secondary electron emission. Multiple studies have revealed quantitative relations between the image contrast and dopant concentration. However, intimate examination shows a low reproducibility of the contrast level for a particular local difference between the doping rates. Data about dynamic behaviour of the dopant contrast and its dependence on the status of the sample surface are presented.
Automatic sampling for unbiased and efficient stereological estimation using the proportionator in biological studies
Authors: GARDI J.E. , NYENGAARD J.R. , GUNDERSEN H.J.G. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryQuantification of tissue properties is improved using the general proportionator sampling and estimation procedure: automatic image analysis and non‐uniform sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS). The complete region of interest is partitioned into fields of view, and every field of view is given a weight (the size) proportional to the total amount of requested image analysis features in it. The fields of view sampled with known probabilities proportional to individual weight are the only ones seen by the observer who provides the correct count. Even though the image analysis and feature detection is clearly biased, the estimator is strictly unbiased. The proportionator is compared to the commonly applied sampling technique (systematic uniform random sampling in 2D space or so‐called meander sampling) using three biological examples: estimating total number of granule cells in rat cerebellum, total number of orexin positive neurons in transgenic mice brain, and estimating the absolute area and the areal fraction of β islet cells in dog pancreas. The proportionator was at least eight times more efficient (precision and time combined) than traditional computer controlled sampling.
The unitary scale bar: human and machine readable
Authors: ADLER J. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryA format is described for a scale bar that encodes the length represented within the structure of the bar itself, thereby removing the need for any supporting text. Although the ‘unitary’ scale bar has a conventional appearance it is also machine readable and therefore retains information about the scale even when the file format is changed. The format is based on the metre and is suitable for all terrestrial applications.
Effects of overexpression of endogenous phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PALrs1) on accumulation of salidroside in Rhodiola sachalinensis
Authors: Ma L.‐Q. , Gao D.‐Y. , Wang Y.‐N. , Wang H.‐H. , Zhang J.‐X. , Pang X.‐B. , Hu T.‐S. , Lü S.‐Y. , Li G.‐F. , Ye H.‐C. , Li Y.‐F. , Wang H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSalidroside, a novel effective adaptogenic drug extracted from the medicinal plant Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor, can be derived from phenylalanine or tyrosine. Due to the scarcity of R. sachalinensis and its low yield of salidroside, there is great interest in enhancing production of salidroside by the plant. In this study, a cDNA clone encoding phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) was isolated from R. sachalinensis using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The resulting cDNA was designated PALrs1. It is 2407‐bp long and encodes 710 deduced amino acid residues. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA indicated that the PAL gene family is composed of three to five genes in the R. sachalinensis genome. Northern blot analysis revealed that transcripts of PALrs1 were present in calli, leaves and stems, but expression in roots was very low. The PALrs1 under the 35S promoter with double‐enhancer sequences from CaMV‐Ω and TMV‐Ω fragments was transferred into R. sachalinensis via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PCR and PCR–Southern blot confirmed that the PALrs1 gene had been integrated into the genome of transgenic plants. Northern blot analysis revealed that the PALrs1 gene had been expressed at the transcriptional level. High‐performance liquid chromatography indicated that overexpression of the PALrs1 gene resulted in a 3.3‐fold increase in p‐coumaric acid content, as expected. In contrast, levels of tyrosol and salidroside were 4.7‐fold and 7.7‐fold, respectively, lower in PALrs1 transgenic plants than in controls. Furthermore, overexpression of the PALrs1 gene resulted in a 2.6‐fold decrease in tyrosine content. These data suggest that overexpression of the PALrs1 gene and accumulation of p‐coumaric acid did not facilitate tyrosol biosynthesis; tyrosol, as a phenylethanoid derivative, is not derived from phenylalanine; and reduced availability of tyrosine most likely resulted in a large reduction in tyrosol biosynthesis and accumulation of salidroside.
Differential effects of methyl jasmonate on growth and division of etiolated zucchini cotyledons
Authors: Stoynova‐Bakalova E. , Petrov P. I. , Gigova L. , Baskin T. I. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe jasmonates are well studied in the context of plant defence but increasingly are also recognised as playing roles in development. In many systems, jasmonates antagonise the effects of cytokinins. The aim of the present work was to elucidate interactions between methyl jasmonate and cytokinin (benzyladenine) in regulating growth of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L., cv. Cocozelle, var. Tripolis) cotyledons, taking advantage of the ability to simultaneously quantify cell enlargement and division from paradermal sections of the first palisade layer. Growth regulators were applied to cotyledons, excised from dry seeds and grown in darkness. Cytokinin stimulated expansion and division whereas, surprisingly, jasmonate stimulated expansion but inhibited division. Jasmonate antagonised the stimulating effect of cytokinin on division but worked cooperatively with cytokinin in increasing expansion. However, expansion with jasmonate was more isotropic than with cytokinin. Jasmonate also stimulated the loss of cellular inclusions and soluble protein. Soluble proteins revealed a partial antagonism between jasmonate and cytokinin. These results illustrate the complex interplay between jasmonates and cytokinin in the regulatory network of cotyledon development following germination.