bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Variable Impedance Hydrodynamic Oil-Film Bearing: Part 1: Theoretical Modelling
Authors: Ogrodnik P J , Goodwin M J , Roach M P , Fang Y 
Published: February 2007

A novel bearing design is presented. The bearing consists of a partial arc bearing into which two recesses are machined. Attached to the two recesses, via remote-controlled valves, are two accumulators. The ability to be able to open and close the valves gives the new bearing design four independent operating modes. Steady state operating characteristics for the bearing were predicted using a finite difference solution to Reynolds' equation. A new mathematical model is proposed for the recess boundary. The model is based on flow continuity and enables a finite difference node to be positioned on the recess boundary. It is demonstrated that the theoretical model proposed predicts steady state characteristics which agree favourably with previously published work and with experimental data. The model was further utilized, in a pressure perturbation algorithm, to obtain predictions of the bearing's dynamic operating characteristics. It is demonstrated that by switching the valves from open to closed, or vice versa, the bearing's characteristics can be altered in situ. It is also demonstrated that the inclusion of the recesses and accumulators has little effect on the steady state characteristics when compared to those of a conventional partial arc bearing. It is suggested that the bearing design proposed in this paper has major advantages to offer the rotating machine designer. Use of the bearing enables the operator to vary support characteristics without major re-machining. Furthermore, support characteristics may be varied in situ, without significant cost penalties and with little additional maintenance overheads.
A Fractal Analysis of Adhesion at the Contact between Rough Solids
Authors: Sahoo P , Chowdhury S K Roy 
Published: February 2007

Analyses of adhesion between rough solids hitherto relied on a random rough surface model which is appropriate for engineering surfaces. Adhesion occurs at the peaks of the asperities and is pronounced when the surface roughness effect is small, down to the nanometre level. It therefore follows that while the microscopic roughness would inhibit the two surfaces to come to close separation, adhesive bonds may still form at the peaks of the small-scale asperities. In order to account for the effect of asperities ranging from the nanometre to the micrometre level, it is necessary to introduce a scale-independent model. A fractal approach essentially gives this. The paper describes analysis of adhesion between rough solids using a fractal model and the results are compared with those using the conventional approach and experimental results. Some of the existing experimental observations such as adhesion-induced plasticity have been confirmed. The present analysis also gives a generalized solution and, depending on the values of fractal parameters D, the dimension, and G, the roughness parameter, specific solutions may be obtained. The solution obtained using the conventional stochastic model is thus a specific case in the generalized fractal solution.
Non-point sources and the waste discharge charge system
Authors: von der Heyden C.J. , Pegram G.C. , Pema K. 
Published: February 2007

The development of a waste discharge charge system (WDCS) in South Africa has been proposed to promote waste reduction and water conservation. The WDCS is based on the polluter pays principle and is designed such that the management of waste discharges achieves resource quality objectives (RQOs) at the minimum total cost to the catchment. Two charges are distinguished: first a charge for optimising use of the resource (incentive charge); and secondly, a charge for development and operation of mitigation measures in the resource (mitigation charge). The WDCS is applied to both point sources and non-point sources (NPS) of contamination. In the inclusion of NPS, the charge system distinguishes between registered and non-registered NPS, with the charge applied to the former group only, in the first instance.
This paper introduces the WDCS by describing the principles and the theoretical basis of the WDCS, highlighting the link to RQOs as the benchmark of acceptable externalities. The paper explores the inclusion of NPS in the WDCS, describing: first, the principles of NPS inclusion in the WDCS; secondly, the types of NPS included in the present version of the WDCS; thirdly, the methodology for charge estimation; and finally, non-registered NPS and their potential inclusion in future editions of the WDCS. The paper concludes with remarks and challenges facing the first edition of the WDCS.
Integrin CD11a/CD18, CD11b/CD18 and CD69 expression in patients after renal transplantation
Authors: Rysz Jacek , Kocur Eugeniusz , Błaszczak Robert , Stolarek Robert 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a complex clinical entity caused by progressive destruction of functional renal parenchyma in the course of various pathological processes resulting in complete failure of renal function and subsequent metabolic, acid base and electrolyte as well as immune disorders. Renal transplantation (RT) is one of the renal replacement therapy options in the terminal stage of chronic renal failure. The replacement of the failing organ with one from a healthy donor may be complicated with immune host response. This study was designed to investigate the changes in serum concentration of integrins CD11a/CD18, CD11b/CD18, CD69 on the surface of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) after the RT within two six-month periods. The study included 25 RT patients (mean 5.4±2.7 yrs after the transplantation, 10 females and 15 males) treated with immune suppressive therapy including cyclosporine A, azathioprine and prednisolone. The expression was assessed with monoclonal antibodies by means of flow cytometry. Also, the expression of CD69 was determined before and after phytohemaglutinine (PHA) stimulation. There was no significant alternation in serum concentration of CD11a/CD18, CD11b/CD18 and CD69 at baseline, six months and twelve months later. The expression of integrins was not altered in renal transplantation patients in the current study setting.
Improved fusion protein expression of EGFP via the mutation of both Kozak and the initial ATG codon
Authors: Dai Chao , Cao Zhijian , Wu Yingliang , Yi Hong , Jiang Dahe , Li Wenxin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince its discovery, green fluorescence protein (GFP) has been used as a reporter in a broad range of applications, including the determination of gene expresion in diverse organisms, and subcellular protein localization. pEGFP-N1 is a eukayotic expression vector encoding EGFP, the MCS of which locates at the N terminus of EGFP. In this study, the cDNA sequence of scorpion toxin BmKK2 was inserted into the XhoI-HindIII cut of pEGFP-N1 to construct a toxin-EGFP fusion gene (named pEGFP-BmKK2). Fluorescence imaging revealed that HEK 293T cells that were transfected by pEGFP-BmKK2 emitted green fluorescence. Transcription of pEGFP-BmKK2 was confirmed by RT-PCR. However, western blotting analysis showed that the transfected HEK 293T cells expressed mostly EGFP, but little toxin-EGFP fusion protein, implying that pEGFP-N1 cannot be used as a fusion expression vector for subcellular protein localization for the BmKK2 gene. Consequently, two modified recombinant vectors (pEGFP-BmKK2-M1 and pEGFP-BmKK2-M2) were constructed based on pEGFP-BmKK2. This greatly improved the expression of toxin-EGFP fusion protein from pEGFP-BmKK2-M2.
High level expression of STAG1/PMEPA1 in an androgen-independent prostate cancer PC3 subclone
Authors: Hirokawa Yoshifumi , Takagi Akimitsu , Uchida Katsunori , Kozuka Yuji , Yoneda Misao , Watanabe Masatoshi , Shiraishi Taizo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the isolation and characterization of two PC3 subclones. One subclone, mr, showed an epithelial phenotype, the other, M1, showed a sarcomatous morphology. Transplanted into nude mice, mr developed tumors at a dramatically faster rate than M1. Comparing the two subclones, differentially expressed genes were identified, including E-cadherin, IL-8 and STAG1/PMEPA1. These genes were expressed at higher levels in mr than in M1.
The association of socioeconomic status and psychosocial and physical workplace factors with musculoskeletal injury in hospital workers
Authors: Gillen Marion , Yen Irene H. , Trupin Laura , Swig Louise , Rugulies Reiner , Mullen Kathleen , Font Aurelio , Burian David , Ryan Greg , Janowitz Ira , Quinlan Patricia A. , Frank John , Blanc Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe combined effect of socioeconomic, organizational, psychosocial, and physical factors on work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) were studied in a heterogeneous, socioeconomically diverse sample (cases and their matched referents) of hospital workers.MethodsCases were defined by a new acute or cumulative work‐related musculoskeletal injury; referents were matched by job group, shift length, or at random. Information was obtained through telephone interviews and on‐site ergonomics observation. Questionnaire items included sociodemographic variables, lost work time, work effectiveness, health status, pain/disability, and psychosocial working conditions using Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI) and Demand‐Control (DC) models. Two multivariate models were tested: Model 1 included occupation as a predictor; Model 2 included education–income as a predictor.ResultsCases reported greater pain, disability, lost time, and decreased work effectiveness than the referents. Model 1 was statistically significant for neck/upper extremity injury (Chi‐square = 19.3,P = 0.01), back/lower extremity injury (Chi‐square = 14.0,P = 0.05), and all injuries combined (Chi‐square = 25.4,P = 0.001). “Other Clinical” occupations (34% mental health workers) had the highest risk of injury (OR 4.5: 95%CI, 1.7–12.1) for all injuries. The ERI ratio was a significant predictor for neck and upper extremity (OR 1.5: 95%CI, 1.1–1.9) and all injuries (OR 1.3; 95%CI, 1.04–1.5), per SD change in score.ConclusionsIn this study, the risk of WRMSDs was more strongly influenced by specific psychosocial and physical job‐related exposures than by broad socioeconomic factors such as education and income. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of lead on the adult brain: A 15‐year exploration
Authors: Stewart Walter F. , Schwartz Brian S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, there has been minimal concern about the effect of adult lead exposure on the brain. Evidence from recent longitudinal studies raise concerns about the long‐term effects of past exposure.MethodsWe initiated three independent longitudinal studies to determine whether cumulative lead exposure was associated with persistent or progressive brain effects. The studies include 1,109 former U.S. organolead manufacturing workers, 803 current and former inorganic lead workers in Korea, and 1,140 50‐ to 70‐year‐old Baltimore residents with environmental lead exposure. The organolead workers had past exposure to inorganic and tetraethyl lead (TEL); in the other two studies, exposure was to inorganic lead. In each of these studies, we measured blood lead and tibia and patella lead by 109Cd K‐shell‐induced X‐ray fluorescence.ResultsHigher tibia lead was consistently associated with poorer measures of cognitive function. Longitudinal analysis of the Korean and organolead cohort indicate that the effect of lead is persistent. Moreover, MRI data on organolead workers indicates a possible progressive effect from past exposure; higher tibia lead was associated with lower brain volume. The latter study indicates that a difference in tibia lead equivalent to about one‐sixth of the overall range was associated with a mean difference in these cognitive tests that was equivalent, on average, to what was observed for a five‐year age difference.ConclusionsOur data suggest that a significant proportion of what is considered to be “normal” age‐related cognitive decline may, in fact, be due to past exposure to neurotoxicants such as lead. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:729–739, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microporous Magnesium and Manganese Formates for Acetylene Storage and Separation
Authors: Samsonenko Denis G. , Kim Hyunuk , Sun Yinyong , Kim Ghyung‐Hwa , Lee Heung‐Soo , Kim Kimoon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAcetylene sorption of microporous metal formates M(HCOO)2 (M=Mg and Mn) was investigated. Measurements of acetylene sorption at 196, 275, and 298 K showed a Type I isotherm with quick saturation at low pressures, and 50–75 cm3 g−1 uptake at 1.0 atm. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis of the acetylene‐adsorbed metal formates revealed that acetylene molecules occupy two independent positions in the zigzag channels of the frameworks with a stoichiometry of M(HCOO)2⋅1/3C2H2, which is consistent with the gas sorption experiments. No specific interaction except van der Waals interactions between the adsorbed acetylene molecules and the walls of the frameworks was found. Sorption properties of other gases, including CO2, CH4, N2, O2, and H2, were also investigated. When the temperature was increased to 298 K, the amount of adsorbed acetylene was still above 60 cm3 g−1 for Mg(HCOO)2 and 50 cm3 g−1 for Mn(HCOO)2, whereas the uptake of other gases decreased substantially. The microporous metal formates may thus be useful not only for the storage of acetylene but also its separation from other gases at room or slightly higher temperatures.
Hydroxylation of the Triterpenoid Nigranoic Acid by the Fungus Gliocladium roseum YMF1.00133
Authors: Dong Jin‐Yan , Chen Ye‐Gao , Song Hong‐Chuan , Zhu Yan‐Hui , Zhou Yong‐Ping , Li Lei , He Yan‐Ping , Cao Jie , Zhang Ke‐Qin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ability of the fungus Gliocladium roseum YMF1.00133 to transform the bioactive nigranoic acid (=(24Z)‐9,19‐cyclo‐3,4‐secolanosta‐4(28),24‐diene‐3,26‐dioic acid) was investigated. Three new products from the co‐cultures of nigranoic acid and G. roseum YMF1.00133 were obtained by employing a combination of Sephadex LH‐20 and silica‐gel column chromatography. The major metabolite was identified as 15β‐hydroxynigranoic acid, and the minor metabolites as 6α,15β‐dihydroxynigranoic acid and 7β,15β‐dihydroxynigranoic acid by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. This is the first report of the biotransformation of the A‐ring‐secocycloartene triterpenoid, nigranoic acid.
Combinatorial Synthesis, Lead Identification, and Antitumor Study of a Chalcone‐Based Positional‐Scanning Library
Authors: Ullah Ahsan , Ansari Farzana Latif , Ihsan‐ul‐Haq  , Nazir Samina , Mirza Bushra 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 175‐member chalcone library was designed and synthesized from seven differently substituted acetophenones (A1–A7) and 25 differently substituted aryl or heteroaryl aldehydes (B1–B25). Potential lead compounds were identified by deconvolution of a two‐dimensional library matrix via positional scanning, and the members of the most‐active sub‐libraries were synthesized and screened against crown‐gall tumors with the aid of the potato‐disc assay. The resulting hits gave rise to significant antitumor activities, with no antibacterial effect on the tumor‐producing bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Two identified lead structures, (2E)‐3‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐phenylprop‐2‐en‐1‐one (A1B9) and the hydroxy analogue (2E)‐3‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (A2B9), are promising candidates to be developed into highly effective anticancer chemotherapeutics.
Anti‐Inflammatory and Anti‐Tumor‐Promoting Effects of Triterpene Acids and Sterols from the Fungus Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Akihisa Toshihiro , Nakamura Yuji , Tagata Masaaki , Tokuda Harukuni , Yasukawa Ken , Uchiyama Emiko , Suzuki Takashi , Kimura Yumiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of lanostane‐type triterpene acids, including eleven lucidenic acids (3, 4, 9, 10, 13–19) and six ganoderic acids (20–22, 24, 26, 27), as well as six sterols (28–33), all isolated from the fruiting bodies of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum, were examined for their inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein–Barr virus early antigen (EBV‐EA) by 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, a known primary screening test for anti‐tumor promoters. All of the compounds tested, except for ganolactone (27) and three sterols (29–31), showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV‐EA induction, with IC50 values of 235–370 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA. In addition, nine lucidenic acids (1, 2, 5–8, 11, 12, 18) and four ganoderic acids (20, 23–25) were found to inhibit TPA‐induced inflammation (1 μg/ear) in mice, with ID50 values of 0.07–0.39 mg per ear. Further, 20‐hydroxylucidenic acid N (18) exhibited inhibitory effects on skin‐tumor promotion in an in vivo two‐stage mouse‐skin carcinogenesis test based on 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator, and with TPA as promoter.
Tyrosine kinase receptor RON in human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Camp E. Ramsay , Yang Anthony , Gray Mike J. , Fan Fan , Hamilton Stanley R. , Evans Douglas B. , Hooper Andrea T. , Pereira Daniel S. , Hicklin Daniel J. , Ellis Lee M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpecific tyrosine kinase receptors such as c‐MET mediate epithelial‐mesenchymal (EMT) transition, leading to phenotypic alterations associated with increased cell motility. It was hypothesized that RON, a tyrosine kinase receptor related to c‐MET, would be expressed in human pancreatic cancer cells, induce EMT, and would thus serve as a target for therapy in a preclinical model.METHODSRON expression in human pancreatic cancer specimens was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In pancreatic cancer cell lines, RON expression was assessed by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis. The human pancreatic cancer cell line L3.6pl, with high RON expression, was exposed to macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), the RON ligand, and assessed for cell migration, invasion, and changes associated with EMT. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining were used to assess alterations in protein expression and cellular location, respectively. A RON monoclonal antibody (MoAb) was used to block ligand‐induced activation of RON.RESULTSImmunohistochemical staining revealed RON overexpression in 93% of human pancreatic cancer specimens relative to nonmalignant ductal tissue. RON mRNA and protein was expressed in 9 of 9 human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Treatment of L3.6pl cells with MSP increased Erk phosphorylation, cell migration, and invasion (P < .001). RON activation led to a decrease in membrane‐bound E‐cadherin in association with nuclear translocation of β‐catenin. RON MoAb inhibited downstream signaling as well as cell migration and invasion. In nude mice, RON MoAb inhibited subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor growth by about 60%.CONCLUSIONSRON activation induced molecular and cellular alterations consistent with EMT. Inhibition of RON activation inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Novel antineoplastic therapies designed to inhibit RON activity may hinder mechanisms critical for pancreatic tumor progression. Cancer 2007 © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of peripheral T‐cell lymphomas and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Tomita Naoto , Motomura Shigeki , Hyo Rie , Takasaki Hirotaka , Takemura Sachiya , Taguchi Jun , Fujisawa Shin , Ogawa Koji , Ishigatsubo Yoshiaki , Takeuchi Kengo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDPeripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a biologically heterogeneous subgroup of lymphomas with poor prognosis. In this study, the authors analyzed the clinical behaviors of PTCLs and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL).METHODSThe authors compared the characteristics and outcomes of 59 patients with PTCLs, including 33 angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphomas and 26 unspecified peripheral T‐cell lymphomas, with the characteristics and outcomes of 193 patients with DLBCLs who were treated in the era before rituximab.RESULTSBased on the clinical characteristics, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), poor PS, advanced stage, higher International Prognostic Index score, and B symptoms were more common in patients with PTCLs, and bulky mass was more common in patients with DLBCL. The rates of complete response (CR) or an unconfirmed CR (CRu) were higher in patients with DLBCL (72%) than in patients with PTCLs (56%; P = .03). The 5‐year overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were 31%, 26%, and 47%, respectively, in patients with PTCLs and 59%, 55%, and 73%, respectively, in patients with DLBCL (P = .001, P < .001, and P = .003, respectively). Although multivariate analysis identified several risk factors that were significant in PTCLs, but not in DLBCLs, for the CR/CRu, OS, PFS, and DFS rates, the immunophenotype was not identified as a risk factor.CONCLUSIONSThe poor response and survival of patients who had PTCLs, compared with patients who had DLBCL, was caused by numerous initial risk factors. T‐cell phenotype itself did not appear to have a significant impact on either response or survival. Cancer 2007 © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Distribution of group‐III metabotropic glutamate receptors in the retina
Authors: Quraishi Salma , Gayet Jacqueline , Morgans Catherine W. , Duvoisin Robert M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the brain and the retina metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) modulate synaptic transmission; in particular,L‐2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyrate‐sensitive group‐III mGluRs are generally presynaptic and provide negative feedback of neurotransmitter release. We performed a comparative immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of all group‐III mGluRs in the mouse retina. mGluR6 expression was limited to the outer plexiform layer. Discrete, punctate immunolabeling, exclusively in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), was observed for each of the remaining group‐III mGluRs. mGluR4 immunostaining was most abundant in IPL sublamina 1; mGluR7 immunoreactivity was organized in four bands, corresponding to sublaminae 1–4; and mGluR8 was localized in two broad bands, one each in the OFF and ON layers of the IPL. mGluR8 immunoreactivity was evident in the OFF plexus of cholinergic amacrine cell processes. Surprisingly, we found little overlap between group‐III mGluR immunolabeling and that for the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT1. Instead, we found that mGluR4 and mGluR7 were located close to bipolar cell ribbons. No compensatory changes in the distribution of group‐III mGluRs, or of several other markers also showing a stratified localization in the IPL, were observed in genetically engineered mice lacking either mGluR4, mGluR8, or both mGluR4 and mGluR8. The unique pattern of expression of each receptor suggests that they have distinct functions in the retina, and their asymmetric distribution in the ON and OFF layers of the IPL suggests distinct roles in the processing of light‐ON and light‐OFF stimuli. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:931–943, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eigenschaftswerte von Leichtbetonsteinen unter Zugbeanspruchung
Authors: Schubert Peter , Graubohm Markus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDerzeit vorliegende Untersuchungsergebnisse zur Zugfestigkeit von Vollsteinen, Vollblöcken und Hohlblöcken aus Leichtbeton werden vereinheitlicht, statistisch ausgewertet, in Tabellen und Diagrammen dargestellt sowie für die Anwendung in Technischen Regelwerken aufbereitet. In DIN 1053 ist die Zugfestigkeit der Mauersteine eine wichtige Eingangsgröße für die Bemessung auf Zug‐, Biegezug‐ und Schubfestigkeit von Mauerwerk.