bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drinking motives and alcohol use among undergraduate college students in Hawaiʻi: A cross‐sectional analysis on the moderating effects of ego‐resiliency and social support
Authors: Hong Seunghye , Jang Soo Mi , Jeong Jihyeong , Emory‐Khenmy Constance 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study estimated the (1) levels of alcohol use, drinking motives, ego‐resiliency, and social support; (2) effect of drinking motives on alcohol use; and (3) moderating effects of ego‐resiliency and social support. An online survey was conducted among undergraduate college students from a university in Hawaiʻi (n = 172). This study estimated moderating effects of ego‐resiliency and social support between drinking motives and alcohol use using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS macro version 4.0. Four independent moderation analyses were performed for each drinking motive (social, coping, conformity, and enhancement). About one‐fourth of the sample had drinking problems (AUDIT score ≥ 8). The highest drinking motive was social, followed by enhancement, coping, and conformity motives. Ego‐resiliency significantly moderated the relationship between coping and enhancement motives with alcohol use. Social support did not have a significant moderating effect between drinking motives and alcohol use. The findings suggest that undergraduate college students who drink with coping and enhancement motives may have a reduced risk of drinking problems if they have a high level of ego‐resiliency. Future research and practice need to account for drinking motives and ego‐resiliency when working with college students to prevent and intervene in excessive alcohol use.
Practice guideline: Preparation for CAR T‐cell therapy in children and young adults with B‐acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Mishra Avijeet Kumar , Burridge Saskia , Espuelas Macarena Oporto , O'Reilly Maeve , Cummins Michelle , Nicholson Emma , Wheldon Sophie , Bonney Denise , Shenton Geoff , Marks David I. , Amrolia Persis J. , Hough Rachael , Ghorashian Sara 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe objective of this guideline, prepared by the ALL subgroup of the Advanced Cell Therapy Sub‐Committee of BSBMTCT (British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation), is to provide healthcare professionals with practical guidance on the preparation of children and young adults with B‐acute lymphoblastic leukaemia from the point of referral to that of admission for CAR T‐cell treatment. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) nomenclature was used to evaluate the levels of evidence and to assess the strength of recommendations. The GRADE criteria can be found at http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org.
Representative democracy and cabinet selection: The determinants of ministerial appointment in territorial government
Authors: Sabin Jerald , Mosannef Daniel , Alcantara Christopher 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn Westminster parliamentary democracies like Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, research has found that cabinet composition is driven mainly by longstanding norms and practices that privilege older, white males with certain educational and political experiences. Do these trends apply at the subnational level where the demographic make‐up can be quite different? To answer this question, we draw upon an original dataset of all members of the legislative assembly and cabinet in three Canadian territories from 1979 to 2022. These territories are unique given that Indigenous communities loom large in their governments and societies. Using an event history model, we find that territorial cabinets very much reflect the demographic make up of their legislatures, similar to what occurs at the federal level. We also observe important differences between the territories, which suggest that the influence of Westminster structures and norms are likely mediated by factors unique to each territory.
Low and very low birthweight disadvantage in compulsory education achievement and the transition to upper secondary education in the Finnish birth cohorts of 1987 to 1997
Authors: Lindberg Matti 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe compared the educational achievements of very low‐birthweight (VLBW) and low‐birthweight (LBW) adolescents (ages 16 to 19) to those of their normal‐birthweight (NBW) peers in the complete Finnish birth cohorts of 1987 to 1997. We focused on three key phases of the education process: the end of compulsory education (9th‐grade completion), and the transition to and the completion of upper secondary‐level education.MethodsWe used register data on grades, educational transitions and completed education. We employed multiple indicators on the progression of the education process and estimated population‐level and within‐families linear probability (LPM) models with robustness checks at the population level using logistic regression. We tested whether parental education and the child's sex modify the association between (V)LBW and educational achievement.ResultsResults of both descriptive analysis and the population‐level and within‐family LPM models indicate that (V)LBW is associated with an increased risk of not being able to keep up with the normative education process and to compete for upper secondary education study places at the end of compulsory education. The modifying effect of parental education was robust, whereas that of the child's sex was not. Among (V)LBW students who were able to keep up with the normative education process, (V)LBW was not associated with a lower grade point average or with a meaningfully lower probability of completing upper secondary education by the normative age.ConclusionsThe upper secondary‐level educational choices and achievements of the children born with (V)LBW who managed to complete the standard compulsory education curriculum and complete the transition to upper secondary‐level education within the expected time did not, in essence, differ from those of the NBW children. Some specific characteristics of the Finnish education system likely contributed to these results, such as the grading at compulsory education being only relatively loosely standardized.
Regulation of N6‐methyladenosine modification in erythropoiesis and thalassemia
Authors: Zheng Yanping , Lin Siyang , Chen Meihuan , Xu Liangpu , Huang Hailong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn eukaryotic RNA, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent form of methylation modification. The m6A modification process is reversible and dynamic, written by m6A methyltransferase complex, erased by m6A demethylase, and recognized by m6A binding proteins. Through mediating RNA stability, decay, alternative splicing, and translation processes, m6A modification regulates gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. Erythropoiesis is the process of hematopoietic stem cells undergoing proliferation, a series of differentiation and maturation to form red blood cells (RBCs). Thalassemia is a common monogenic disease characterized by excessive production of ineffective RBCs in the peripheral circulation, resulting in hemolytic anemia. Increasing evidence suggests that m6A modification plays a crucial role in erythropoiesis. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the function of m6A modification in erythropoiesis and further generalize the mechanism of m6A modification regulating ineffective erythropoiesis and fetal hemoglobin expression. The purpose is to improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of erythroid dysplasia and offer new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of thalassemia.
Sleep disorders cause Parkinson's disease or the reverse is true: Good GABA good night
Authors: Al‐kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Albuhadily Ali K. , Elewa Yaser Hosny Ali , AL‐Farga Ammar , Aqlan Faisal , Zahran Mahmoud Hosny , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disease due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) presented with motor and non‐motor symptoms. PD symptoms are developed in response to the disturbance of diverse neurotransmitters including γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA has a neuroprotective effect against PD neuropathology by protecting DNs in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). It has been shown that the degeneration of GABAergic neurons is linked with the degeneration of DNs and the progression of motor and non‐motor PD symptoms. GABA neurotransmission is a necessary pathway for normal sleep patterns, thus deregulation of GABAergic neurotransmission in PD could be the potential cause of sleep disorders in PD.AimSleep disorders affect GABA neurotransmission leading to memory and cognitive dysfunction in PD. For example, insomnia and short sleep duration are associated with a reduction of brain GABA levels. Moreover, PD‐related disorders including rigidity and nocturia influence sleep patterns leading to fragmented sleep which may also affect PD neuropathology. However, the mechanistic role of GABA in PD neuropathology regarding motor and non‐motor symptoms is not fully elucidated. Therefore, this narrative review aims to clarify the mechanistic role of GABA in PD neuropathology mainly in sleep disorders, and how good GABA improves PD. In addition, this review of published articles tries to elucidate how sleep disorders such as insomnia and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) affect PD neuropathology and severity. The present review has many limitations including the paucity of prospective studies and most findings are taken from observational and preclinical studies. GABA involvement in the pathogenesis of PD has been recently discussed by recent studies. Therefore, future prospective studies regarding the use of GABA agonists in the management of PD are suggested to observe their distinct effects on motor and non‐motor symptoms.ConclusionThere is a bidirectional relationship between the pathogenesis of PD and sleep disorders which might be due to GABA deregulation.
Perspectives on the timing of ecosystem collapse in a changing climate
Authors: Alaniz Alberto J. , Marquet Pablo A. , Carvajal Mario A. , Vergara Pablo M. , Moreira‐Arce Darío , Muzzio Miguel A. , Keith David A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimate change is one of the most important drivers of ecosystem change, the global‐scale impacts of which will intensify over the next 2 decades. Estimating the timing of unprecedented changes is not only challenging but is of great importance for the development of ecosystem conservation guidelines. Time of emergence (ToE) (point at which climate change can be differentiated from a previous climate), a widely applied concept in climatology studies, provides a robust but unexplored approach for assessing the risk of ecosystem collapse, as described by the C criterion of the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Ecosystems (RLE). We identified 3 main theoretical considerations of ToE for RLE assessment (degree of stability, multifactorial instead of one‐dimensional analyses, and hallmarks of ecosystem collapse) and 4 sources of uncertainty when applying ToE methodology (intermodel spread, historical reference period, consensus among variables, and consideration of different scenarios), which aims to avoid misuse and errors while promoting a proper application of the framework by scientists and practitioners. The incorporation of ToE for the RLE assessments adds important information for conservation priority setting that allows prediction of changes within and beyond the time frames proposed by the RLE.
Disentangling the biotic and abiotic drivers of bird–building collisions in a tropical Asian city with ecological niche modeling
Authors: Tan David J. X. , Freymueller Nicholas A. , Teo Kah Ming , Symes William S. , Lum Shawn K. Y. , Rheindt Frank E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBird collisions with buildings are responsible for a large number of bird deaths in cities around the world, yet they remain poorly studied outside North America. We conducted one of the first citywide fine‐scale and landscape‐scale analyses of bird–building collisions in Asia and used maximum entropy modeling (as commonly applied to species distribution modeling) in a novel way to assess the drivers of bird–building collisions in the tropical city‐state of Singapore. We combined 7 years of community science observations with publicly available building and remote sensing data. Drivers of bird–building collisions varied among taxa. Some migratory taxa had a higher relative collision risk that was linked to areas with high building densities and high levels of nocturnal blue light pollution. Nonmigratory taxa had a higher collision risk in areas near forest cover. Projecting our results onto official long‐term land‐use plans, we predicted that future increases in bird–building collision risk stemmed from increases in blue light pollution and encroachment of buildings into forested areas and identified 6 potential collision hotspots linked to future developments. Our results suggest that bird–building collision mitigation measures need to account for the different drivers of collision for resident and migratory species and show that combining community science and ecological modeling can be a powerful approach for analyzing bird–building collision data.
Contact allergy in Swedish professional ice hockey players
Authors: Eriksson Tomas B. J. , Isaksson Marléne , Engfeldt Malin , Dahlin Jakob , Tegner Yelverton , Ofenloch Robert , Bruze Magnus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundProfessional ice hockey players may contract irritant and allergic contact dermatitis.AimsTo investigate the presence of contact allergy (CA) in professional ice hockey players in Sweden.MethodsTen teams from the two top leagues were assessed for potential occupational exposure to sensitizers. Exactly 107 players were patch tested with an extended baseline series and a working series, in total 74 test preparations. The CA rates were compared between the ice hockey players and controls from the general population and dermatitis patients.ResultsOne out of 4 players had at least one contact allergy. The most common sensitizers were Amerchol L 101, nickel and oxidized limonene. CA was as common in the ice hockey players as in dermatitis patients and significantly more common than in the general population. Fragrances and combined sensitizers in cosmetic products (fragrances + preservatives + emulsifier) were significantly more common in ice hockey players compared with the general population.ConclusionThe possible relationship between CA to fragrances and cosmetic products on the one hand and the presence of dermatitis on the other should be explored further.
Multiscale attention for few‐shot image classification
Authors: Zhou Tong , Dong Changyin , Song Junshu , Zhang Zhiqiang , Wang Zhen , Chang Bo , Chen Dechun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the application of traditional deep learning methods in the agricultural field using remote sensing techniques, such as crop area and growth monitoring, crop classification, and agricultural disaster monitoring, has been greatly facilitated by advancements in deep learning. The accuracy of image classification plays a crucial role in these applications. Although traditional deep learning methods have achieved significant success in remote sensing image classification, they often involve convolutional neural networks with a large number of parameters that require extensive optimization using numerous remote sensing images for training purposes. To address these challenges, we propose a novel approach called multiscale attention network (MAN) for sample‐based remote sensing image classification. This method consists primarily of feature extractors and attention modules to effectively utilize different scale features through multiscale feature training during the training phase. We evaluate our proposed method on three datasets comprising agricultural remote sensing images and observe superior performance compared to existing approaches. Furthermore, we validate its generalizability by testing it on an oil well indicator diagram specifically designed for classification tasks.
Cardiovascular safety of febuxostat versus allopurinol among the Asian patients with or without gout: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Deng Jian‐hao , Lai Peng‐hui , Xie Li‐shan , Qiu Shu‐sheng , Qiu De‐sheng , Zhang Jia‐xing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe cardiovascular (CV) safety of febuxostat compared to allopurinol for the treatment of hyperuricemia among Asian patients is uncertain. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare the CV safety profiles of febuxostat with allopurinol in Asian patients with hyperuricemia. A total of 13 studies were included. On the basis of the pooled results of cohort studies, febuxostat users were at a significantly higher risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.09, p < 0.01), atrial fibrillation (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05–1.35, p < 0.01) than allopurinol users, whereas no significant difference between febuxostat and allopurinol existed for urgent coronary revascularization (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.98–1.16, p = 0.13), and stroke (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91–1.01, p = 0.13). Nevertheless, that difference in results of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF; HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.35–1.53, p = 0.40) and all‐cause death (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.49–1.51, p = 0.60) was not significant based on randomized controlled trials. In the Chinese subgroup, febuxostat could increase the risk of ADHF (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01–1.48, p < 0.05), CV death (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.03–1.50, p < 0.05), and all‐cause mortality (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.14, p < 0.05) compared to allopurinol. In conclusion, the use of febuxostat, compared with allopurinol among Asian patients, was associated with a significantly increased risk of adverse CV events.
Eutrophication modifies the relationships between multiple facets of macroinvertebrate beta diversity and geographic distance in freshwater lakes
Authors: Jiang Xiaoming , Peng Duo , Alahuhta Janne , Heino Jani , Li Zhengfei , Xie Zhicai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimUnderstanding the distance–decay relationship (DDR) has been considered important because it reflects a combination of several ecological processes such as dispersal limitation and environmental sorting. However, effects of human disturbances on DDR are poorly known, especially in freshwater lakes. This study is aimed to examine how anthropogenic eutrophication modified the relationships between three facets (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) of macroinvertebrate beta diversity and geographic and environmental distances across 30 freshwater lakes.LocationThe Yangtze River floodplain, China.MethodsWe used Mantel tests to examine the relationships between multiple facets of assemblage dissimilarities (overall beta diversity, replacement and richness difference components) and geographic and environmental distances. Distance‐based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) and associated variation partitioning procedures were applied to explore the relative contributions of environmental and spatial factors on the three facets of beta diversity.ResultsWe found that none of the three beta diversity facets was related to geographic distance, but all were significantly related to environmental distance, mainly mirroring eutrophication‐related variables. Based on the variation partitioning approach, the macroinvertebrate assemblages examined were almost exclusively structured by environmental factors associated with eutrophication, while spatial variables had a negligible effect. Nevertheless, the different facets of beta diversity did not decrease (i.e., no homogenization trend) in lake groups showing the highest eutrophication levels, implying complex influences of anthropogenic disturbances in driving homogenization or differentiation in assemblage compositional dissimilarity.Main ConclusionsOur findings suggested that the high degrees of eutrophication acted as an environmental filter to significantly modify the spatial distance–decay relationships, possibly via decreasing the importance of dispersal limitation in shaping macroinvertebrate assemblages in the studied lakes. Given the sensitivity of beta diversity patterns to eutrophication we found in this study, we recommend that the role of anthropogenic disturbances should be incorporated into research on general ecological patterns like the DDR.
Analyses of potential causal contributors to increased waist/hip ratio‐associated cardiometabolic disease: A combined and sex‐stratified Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Hashemy Habiba , Nguyen Anthony , Khafagy Rana , Roshandel Delnaz , Paterson Andrew D. , Dash Satya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIncreased waist/hip ratio (WHR) contributes to type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and coronary artery disease, with potential sex‐differential effects. Postulated mediators include increased lipid flux, branched‐chain amino acids, glycine and glycoprotein acetyl, but their relative contributions and sex‐specific impact on WHR‐associated cardiometabolic disease (CMD) are not established.MethodsWe therefore undertook combined and sex‐stratified Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the relative causal contributions of these mediators to WHR‐associated CMD using summary statistics from the largest genome‐wide association studies in European ancestries.ResultsIn sex‐combined MR analyses, increased WHR significantly reduces high‐density lipoprotein (beta = −0.416, SE = 0.029, p = 2.87E‐47), increases triglyceride (beta = 0.431, SE = 0.029, p = 1.87E‐50), type 2 diabetes (odds ratio = 2.747, SE = 0.09, p = 26E‐23), coronary artery disease (odds ratio = 1.478, SE = 0.045, p = 6.96E‐18), alanine transaminase (beta = 0.062, SE = 0.004, p = 6.88E‐67), and systolic (beta = 0.134, SE = 0.022, p = 7.81E‐10) and diastolic blood pressure (beta = 0.162, SE = 0.026, p = 5.38E‐10). Adjustment for the mediators attenuated WHR's effects, but the associations remained significant with concordant results in females. In males, a similar pattern was seen, except after adjusting for the effect of the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid to total free fatty acid, the potential causal effect of WHR was no longer significant: high‐density lipoprotein (beta = −0.117, SE = 0.069, p = .09) and triglyceride (beta = 0.051, SE = 0.068, p = .459).ConclusionsMR suggests WHR increases the risk of CMD independent of these mediators, with the exception of dyslipidaemia in males, which is largely driven by the monounsaturated fatty acid to total free fatty acid ratio.
Three‐player contests with a potential inactive player: Endogenous timing of effort exertion
Authors: Baik Kyung Hwan , Lee Jong Hwa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study a contest where there are two active players in equilibrium when three players expend effort simultaneously to win a prize. We look at how endogenous timing of effort exertion affects the players' behavior. The players play the following game. First, they announce simultaneously whether they each will expend effort in period 1 or in period 2. Then, after knowing when they expend effort, each player expends effort in the period which he announced. We find interesting results, focusing on the players' decisions on when to expend effort, the identities of active players, and the effort levels in a subgame‐perfect equilibrium.