bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Proteomic Fingerprints of Adult Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Authors: Pang Ronald TK , Poon Terence CW , Chan KC Allen , Lee Nelson LS , Chiu Rossa WK , Tong Yu-Kwan , Wong Ronald MY , Chim Stephen SC , Ngai Sai M , Sung Joseph JY , Lo YM Dennis 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus strain, SARS-CoV. Specific proteomic patterns might be present in serum in response to the infection and could be useful for early detection of the disease.Methods: Using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) ProteinChip technology, we profiled and compared serum proteins of 39 patients with early-stage SARS infection and 39 non-SARS patients who were suspected cases during the SARS outbreak period. Proteomic patterns associated with SARS were identified by bioinformatic and biostatistical analyses. Features of interest were then purified and identified by tandem mass spectrometry.Results: Twenty proteomic features were significantly different between the 2 groups. Fifteen were increased in the SARS group, and 5 were decreased. Their concentrations were correlated with 2 or more clinical and/or biochemical variables. Two were correlated with the SARS-CoV viral load. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that a majority of the SARS patients (95%) had similar serum proteomic profiles and identified 2 subgroups with poor prognosis. ROC curve analysis identified individual features as potential biomarkers for SARS diagnosis (areas under ROC curves, 0.733–0.995). ROC curve areas were largest for an N-terminal fragment of complement C3c α chain (m/z 28 119) and an internal fragment of fibrinogen α-E chain (m/z 5908). Immunoglobulin κ light chain (m/z 24 505) positively correlated with viral load.Conclusions: Specific proteomic fingerprints in the sera of adult SARS patients could be used to identify SARS cases early during onset with high specificity and sensitivity.
Isolated Mitochondrial Long-Chain Ketoacyl-CoA Thiolase Deficiency Resulting from Mutations in the HADHB Gene
Authors: Das Anibh M , Illsinger Sabine , Lücke Thomas , Hartmann Hans , Ruiter Jos PN , Steuerwald Ulrike , Waterham Hans R , Duran Marinus , Wanders Ronald JA 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground: The human mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) complex is composed of 4 hydroacyl-CoA dehydrogenase-α (HADHA) and 4 hydroacyl-CoA dehydrogenase-β (HADHB) subunits, which catalyze the last 3 steps in the fatty acid β-oxidation spiral of long-chain fatty acids. The HADHB gene encodes long-chain ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (LCTH) activity, whereas the HADHA gene contains the information for the long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) functions. At present, 2 different biochemical phenotypes of defects in the mitochondrial trifunctional protein complex are known: isolated LCHAD deficiency and generalized MTP deficiency, with decreased activities of all 3 enzymes. Isolated LCTH deficiency with mutations in the HADHB gene has not been reported.Patient and Results: We report a male newborn who presented with lactic acidosis, pulmonary edema, and cardiomyopathy leading to acute heart failure and death at the age of 6 weeks. Routine newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry showed increased concentrations of the acylcarnitines tetradecenoylcarnitine, hexadecenoylcarnitine, hydroxypalmitoylcarnitine, and hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitine, suggesting LCHAD deficiency or complete MTP deficiency. Enzyme investigations revealed very low LCTH (4% of normal) and normal LCHAD activities, whereas molecular analysis showed compound heterozygosity for 185G&gt;A (R62H) and 1292T&gt;C (F431S) mutations in the HADHB gene.Conclusion: We describe the first case of isolated LCTH deficiency based on a mutation in the HADHB gene.
Reproductive Conditions of the Klamath River Green Sturgeon
Authors: Van Eenennaam Joel P. , Linares Javier , Doroshov Serge I. , Hillemeier David C. , Willson Thomas E. , Nova Arnold A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractReproductive characteristics of the adult Klamath River green sturgeonAcipenser medirostriswere studied during the spawning migration. The locations of captures were from the mouth of the Klamath River upstream to river kilometer 72. A total of 82 females and 118 males were sampled for age, sex, body size, gonad weight, fecundity, egg size, and gonadal histology during April–July for five consecutive years (1999–2003). All fish sampled were considered mature adults, except for two immature males (body weight, 10 and 16 kg) captured close to the mouth of the river. The average body weight for males and females was 32 and 46 kg, respectively. The condition factor ranged from 0.60 to 0.92 for males and from 0.65 to 0.94 for females. The long tapered body conformation for both sexes made it difficult to sex individuals by external morphology, but in general, the females had a slightly more robust conformation. The fork length range was 139–199 cm in males and 151–223 cm in females. The majority (>90%) of males were 15–28 years old, and females were 19–34 years old. In all females the preovulatory condition was distinguished by the migration of the germinal vesicle to the animal pole, and the mean polarization index (distance of the germinal vesicle from the animal pole divided by oocyte diameter) was 0.042. The gonadosomatic index for females ranged from 7% to 17% and that for males from 2% to 8%. Individual and relative fecundity ranges were 59,000–242,000 and 2,000–4,000 eggs, respectively. The fully grown eggs were the largest recorded for North American sturgeon, averaging 4.33 mm in diameter. Although this study indicates that the Klamath River supports an important and potentially stable spawning migration, continued monitoring of the population and identification of spawning and nursery sites are critical for the long‐term preservation of this species.
Reproductive Investment and Growth History in Female Coho Salmon
Authors: Campbell B. , Beckman B. R. , Fairgrieve W. T. , Dickey J. T. , Swanson P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe body size, ovary mass, egg mass, and fecundity of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch from three different rearing environments (wild, ranched, and captive) were compared to determine which aspects of growth history affect changes in these reproductive characters. In addition, the growth of individually tagged females reared in captivity throughout the seawater growth phase was measured and related to final reproductive investment. A strong positive relationship existed between ovary mass and body length at spawning; this relationship was maintained over a wide range of final body sizes, and the regression slope was consistent among the rearing environments. However, the relative investment in ovary mass and fecundity (regression intercepts) differed between rearing environments. Fish reared in captivity throughout their life cycle had higher values than did fish reared in the other two environments. A relatively weak positive relationship between egg mass and final body length was common to females from all three rearing environments. In captively reared female coho salmon, growth during the 6 months prior to spawning had the greatest correlation with the reproductive parameters measured at spawning.
Identification of case clusters and counties with high infective connectivity in the 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in Uruguay
Authors: Chowell Gerardo , Rivas Ariel L. , Smith Stephen D. , Hyman James M. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the influence of individual spatial units (ie, counties) on the epidemic spread of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus.
Sample Population—163 counties in Uruguay where there was an outbreak of FMD between April 23 and July 11, 2001.
Procedure—A geographically referenced database was created, and the distance between counties (13,203 county pairs), road density of counties (163 counties), and time when cases were reported in those counties (11 weeks of the epidemic) were considered to assess global spatial and spatial-temporal autocorrelation, determine the contribution of links connecting pairs of counties with infected animals, and allow us to hypothesize the influence for spread during the epidemic for counties with greater than the mean infective link contributions.
Results—Case clusters were indicated by the Moran Iand Mantel tests during the first 6 weeks of the epidemic. Spatial lags between pairs of counties with infected animals revealed case clustering before and after vaccination was implemented. Temporal lags predicted autocorrelation for up to 3 weeks. Link indices identified counties expected to facilitate epidemic spread. If control measures had been implemented in counties with a high index link (identifiable as early as week 1 of the epidemic), they could have prevented (by week 11 of the epidemic) at least 2.5 times as many cases per square kilometer than the same measures implemented in counties with average link indices.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of spatial autocorrelation and infective link indices may identify network conditions that facilitate (or prevent) disease spread.
Comparison of the use of new handheld tonometers and established applanation tonometers in dogs
Authors: Görig Christiane , Coenen Roel T. I. , Stades Frans C. , Djajadiningrat-Laanen Sylvia C. , Boevé Michael H. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To examine the practical aspects, accuracy, and reproducibility of 2 new automatic handheld tonometers in dogs and compare them with results for 2 established applanation tonometers.
Animals—15 freshly enucleated canine eyes for manometric evaluation and 20 conscious research dogs, 20 client-owned dogs, and 12 dogs with acute glaucoma for clinical tonometry.
Procedure—Calibration curves were determined for all 4 tonometers on 15 enucleated canine eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with each tonometer consecutively in conscious dogs, with the MacKay-Marg applanation tonometer as the reference device. Measurements were repeated in 20 sedated dogs. An induction-impact tonometer was evaluated clinically on dogs with acute glaucoma. Additionally, measurements obtained by an experienced and an inexperienced examiner and with or without use of topical anesthesia were compared.
Results—The portable pneumatonometer was cumbersome and time-consuming. Compared with results for the reference applanation tonometer, and confirmed by manometry, the portable pneumatonometer increasingly underestimated actual IOP values with increasing IOP. The induction-impact tonometer provided accurate and reproducible measurement values. There was a significant strong correlation between the IOP values obtained by the 2 examiners (r2, 0.82) and also with or without topical anesthesia (r2, 0.86). In dogs with glaucoma, the fitted line comparing values for the reference applanation tonometer and induction-impact tonometer closely resembled an ideal 1:1 relationship.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of the portable pneumatonometer in dogs appears to have disadvantages. The induction-impact tonometer appears to provide a promising alternative to the use of applanation tonometers in dogs.
Effects of intravenous administration of lidocaine on the thermal threshold in cats
Authors: Pypendop Bruno H. , Ilkiw Jan E. , Robertson Sheilah A. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of IV administration of lidocaine on thermal antinociception in conscious cats. Animals—6 cats.
Procedure—2 experiments were performed in each cat (interval of at least 2 months). In experiment 1, lidocaine pharmacokinetics were determined for each conscious cat following IV administration of a bolus of lidocaine (2 mg/kg). In experiment 2, data from experiment 1 were used to calculate appropriate doses of lidocaine that would achieve predetermined plasma lidocaine concentrations in the cats; lidocaine (or an equivalent volume of saline [0.9% NaCl] solution as the control treatment) was administered IV to target pseudo–steady-state plasma concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 8 μg/mL. Skin temperature and thermal threshold were determined at the start of the experiment (baseline) and at each concentration. Samples of venous blood were obtained at each target concentration for plasma lidocaine concentration determination.
Results—In experiment 2, actual plasma lidocaine concentrations were 0.00 ± 0.00 μg/mL, 0.25 ± 0.18 μg/mL, 0.57 ± 0.20 μg/mL, 1.39 ± 0.13 μg/mL, 2.33 ± 0.45 μg/mL, and 4.32 ± 0.66 μg/mL for target plasma concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 8 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with baseline values, no significant change in skin temperature or thermal threshold was detected at any lidocaine plasma concentration (or saline solution equivalent). Skin temperature or thermal threshold values did not differ between lidocaine or control treatments.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that these moderate plasma concentrations of lidocaine did not affect thermal antinociception in cats.
Measurement of urinary glycosaminoglycans in dogs
Authors: Grant David C. , Forrester S. Dru , Panciera David L. , Meldrum J. Blair 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objectives—To measure urine concentrations of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), determine optimal storage conditions for urine samples, establish a reference range, and determine whether there is correlation between 24-hour total urine GAG excretion and the GAG-to-creatinine ratio (GCR).
Animals—14 healthy adult dogs.
Procedure—Single urine sample GAG concentrations and GCRs were measured in samples collected from 14 healthy dogs at the start of the 24-hour collection period. Twenty-four–hour total urine GAG excretions were determined from urine collected during a 24-hour period in the same 14 dogs. Total sulfated GAG concentrations were also measured in urine from these dogs after the urine had been stored at 4°C and -20°C for 1, 7, and 30 days.
Results—Urine GAG concentrations were not significantly different from baseline values after urine was stored at 4°C for up to 1 day and -20°C for up to 30 days. Neither single urine sample GAG concentration (R2, 0.422) nor GCR (R2, 0.084) was an adequate predictor of 24-hour total urine GAG excretion.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study provide data that can be used to establish a reference range for 24-hour total urine GAG excretion in dogs and adequate conditions for sample storage. Contrary to findings in humans, there was no significant linear correlation between 24-hour total urine GAG excretion and single urine sample GCR in dogs, limiting clinical use of the single urine sample test.
Detection of activated platelets in canine blood by use of flow cytometry
Authors: Wills Tamara B. , Wardrop K. Jane , Meyers Ken M. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate whether markers of platelet activation, including P-selectin expression, phosphatidylserine exposure, platelet-leukocyte aggregates, and microparticle formation, could be measured in nonstimulated and stimulated canine blood samples and develop a standardized protocol for detection of activated platelet markers in canine blood.
Sample population—Blood samples from 10 dogs.
Procedure—Platelet activation was determined by flow cytometric measurement of platelets with P-selectin expression, platelet-leukocyte aggregates, platelet microparticles, and platelets with phosphatidylserine exposure. Changes in specific markers of platelet activation in nonstimulated versus stimulated samples were assessed by use of varying concentrations of 2 platelet agonists, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and adenosine diphosphate. Flow cytometry was used to detect platelet CD61 (glycoprotein IIIa), CD62P (P-selectin), and the leukocyte marker CD45. Annexin V was used to identify exposed phosphatidylserine.
Results—A significant difference was detected in the percentages of platelets with P-selectin, plateletleukocyte aggregates, microparticles, and platelets with annexin V exposure (phosphatidylserine) in samples stimulated with 10nM PAF versus the nonstimulated samples, with platelet-leukocyte aggregates having the greatest difference.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Platelet activation is essential for thrombus formation and hemostasis and may be potentially useful for evaluation of dogs with suspected thromboembolic disease. Prior to development of a thrombotic state, a prothrombotic state may exist in which only a small number of platelets is activated. Identification of a prothrombotic state by use of activated platelets may help direct medical intervention to prevent a thromboembolic episode.
Distribution of mRNA coding for 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in the intestines of healthy dairy cows and dairy cows with cecal dilatation-dislocation
Authors: Engel Ladina , Kobel Barbara , Ontsouka Edgar C. , Graber Hans U. , Blum Jürg W. , Steiner Adrian , Meylan Mireille 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the distribution of mRNA coding for 7 subtypes of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors (5-HTRs) in the intestines of healthy dairy cows and dairy cows with cecal dilatation-dislocation (CDD).
Sample Population—Full-thickness intestinal wall biopsy specimens were obtained from the ileum, cecum, proximal loop of the ascending colon, and external loop of the spiral colon (ELSC) of 15 cows with CDD (group 1) and 15 healthy dairy cows allocated to 2 control groups (specimens collected during routine laparotomy [group 2] or after cows were slaughtered [group 3]).
Procedure—Amounts of mRNA coding for 7 subtypes of 5-HTRs (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1F, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT4) were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase–PCR assay. Results were expressed as the percentage of mRNA expression of a housekeeping gene.
Results—Expression of mRNA coding for 5-HTR1B, 5-HTR2B, and 5-HTR4 was significantly lower in cows with CDD than in healthy cows. For 5-HTR2B and 5-HTR4, significant differences between cows with CDD and control cows were most pronounced for the ELSC. Expression of mRNA for 5-HTR1D, 5-HTR1F, and 5-HTR2A was extremely low in all groups, and mRNA for 5-HTR1A was not detected.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Relative concentrations of mRNA coding for 5-HTR1B, 5-HT2B, and 5-HTR4 were significantly lower in the intestines of cows with CDD than in the intestines of healthy dairy cows, especially for 5-HT2B and 5-HTR4 in the ELSC. This supports the hypothesis that serotonergic mechanisms, primarily in the spiral colon, are implicated in the pathogenesis of CDD.
Resection and use of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor for treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a cockatiel
Authors: Chen Sue , Bartick Tracy 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 5-year-old sexually intact male cockatiel was examined because of progressive dyspnea of 1 week's duration.
Clinical Findings—On auscultation of the lungs and air sacs, crackles were detected; the abdomen was distended and fluctuant on palpation. Eleven milliliters of clear yellow fluid was collected via abdominocentesis. Radiography (with and without contrast medium) and ultrasonography revealed a soft tissue mass in the caudoventral portion of the coelom.
Treatment and Outcome—Exploratory surgery of the coelomic cavity was performed and the neoplasm was excised. Histologic examination of the neoplasm was consistent with a high-grade pancreatic exocrine adenocarcinoma. Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, was administered for pain management and for potential antineoplastic activity. For 4.5 months after surgery, the bird had no recurrence of clinical signs; however, dyspnea recurred and during evaluation, the bird died. Necropsy findings indicated that the pancreatic adenocarcinoma had metastasized to surrounding tissues and vessels, which was not unexpected given the high grade assigned to the neoplasm during histologic analysis.
Clinical Relevance—Pancreatic neoplasms are associated with a poor prognosis, regardless of treatment modality. Celecoxib can be administered as palliative treatment to affected birds, but as with any nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, COX-2 inhibitors should be used cautiously because they can adversely affect renal function by decreasing renal prostaglandin synthesis.
Long-term complications after phacoemulsification for cataract removal in dogs: 172 cases (1995–2002)
Authors: Sigle Kelly J. , Nasisse Mark P. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine common postoperative complications and risk factors for development of postoperative glaucoma or failure to preserve vision after phacoemulsification for cataract removal in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—172 dogs (290 eyes) that underwent phacoemulsification surgery for cataract removal.
Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for postoperative complications; prevalence rates for each complication were calculated for follow-up periods of 3 months, > 3 to 6 months, > 6 months to 1 year, > 1 to 2 years, > 2 to 3 years, > 3 to 4 years, and > 4 years. Odds ratios for breed, age, sex, cataract hypermaturity, lens-induced uveitis, and diabetes mellitus were determined with respect to glaucoma and failure (ie, blindness, enucleation, or evisceration).
Results—The most common complication was mild posterior capsule opacification. Retinal detachment was uncommon (1% to 2%) for all time periods. Prevalence of glaucoma increased with time, although it remained < 10% until after the 1-year follow-up period. Boston Terriers, Cocker Spaniels, Cocker Spaniel–Poodle crosses, and Shih Tzus had increased risk of developing glaucoma. Eyes with hypermature cataracts were more likely to develop glaucoma. Prevalence of failure increased with time, although it remained < 10% until after the 3-year follow-up period. Cocker Spaniel–Poodle cross and Shih Tzus were more likely to have failure.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Evaluation of breed and cataract hypermaturity may aid in the selection of patients. The increasing prevalence of postoperative complications with time indicated that longterm monitoring is warranted.
Evaluation of lung lobe torsion in Pugs: 7 cases (1991–2004)
Authors: Murphy Kimberly A. , Brisson Brigitte A. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether there is a predis-position for lung lobe torsion (LLT) in Pugs and describe clinical findings associated with LLT in that breed, compared with findings in other breeds.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—7 Pugs and 16 dogs of other breeds.
Procedure—Information collected from records included signalment, history, lung lobe affected, results of clinicopathologic testing, histologic findings, diagnostic imaging results, surgical treatment, and outcome.
Results—23 dogs were diagnosed with LLT, 10 of which were large-breed dogs and 13 of which were small-breed dogs. Seven of the small-breed dogs were Pugs. Pugs with LLT were significantly overrepresented, compared with the general hospital population. Affected Pugs ranged in age from 4.5 months to 4 years (median, 1.5 years). Six of the 7 Pugs had no predisposing conditions, and 6 were male. Six Pugs survived to discharge. Of the other small- and large-breed dogs, 3 of 6 and 5 of 10 survived to discharge, respectively. None of the Pugs were readmitted for complications or recurrence.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that young male Pugs may be predisposed to developing spontaneous LLT. The prognosis for survival and resolution of clinical signs in Pugs with LLT appeared to be excellent. Factors contributing to the development of LLT in Pugs are not known.