bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standard medication information is not enough: poor concordance of patient and nurse perceptions
Authors: Ekman Inger , Schaufelberger Maria , Kjellgren Karin I. , Swedberg Karl , Granger Bradi B. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract Title. Standard medication information is not enough: poor concordance of patient and nurse perceptions Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to describe patient and nurse perceptions of patient satisfaction with information about the medicines at two heart failure clinics after medication up‐titration and information‐giving.Background.  Chronic heart failure is a major cause of hospitalization. Poor adherence to medications increases mortality and heart failure‐related hospitalizations. To achieve mutual goal‐setting (concordance) regarding medication‐taking behaviours, health providers need to understand patient information needs regarding the prescribed medicines.Methods.  A convenience sample of 56 patients with chronic heart failure referred for an up‐titration of medicines and information‐giving about the condition and treatment completed the Satisfaction about Information about Medicines Scale at their first and last visits. Nurses completed the same questionnaire after each patient’s final visit, assessing the patient’s need for further information. The data were collected between 2002 and 2004.Results.  Patient scores indicated statistically significantly more satisfaction with their information at the final visit compared with the first visit (P = 0·005). However, at the programme conclusion, nurses (n = 7) rated patients to be appropriately informed while patients reported a persistent need for further information (P = 0·011).Conclusion.  Further research should evaluate more advanced pedagogical strategies such as how to address patients’ expectations about the effect of medicines when actual effects of the treatment are related to mortality and morbidity at the population level and may not result directly in symptom relief at an individual level.
Importance of illness beliefs and self‐efficacy for patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Lau‐Walker Margaret 
Published: September 2007

Abstract Title. Importance of illness beliefs and self‐efficacy for patients with coronary heart disease Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to assess the association between coronary heart disease patients’ illness beliefs and their self‐efficacy 3 years after hospital discharge.Background.  Cardiac rehabilitation guidelines recommend that both the illness representation model and the concept of self‐efficacy are relevant frameworks for developing effective psychological support, although little is known about what aspects of patients' illness beliefs influence their self‐efficacy.Method.  In a longitudinal prospective survey, consecutive patients with coronary heart disease were asked to complete questionnaires measuring illness perceptions; self‐efficacy and demographic, illness characteristics; and attendance at a cardiac rehabilitation programme. The questionnaire was completed three times between 2001 and 2005. The response rates were 84% at time 1, 77% at time 2 and 72% at time 3. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the association between illness beliefs and self‐efficacy. The data were collected between 2001 and 2005.Findings.  The average age of the participants was 65 years, 79% were male, 50% had acute myocardial infarction, 50% had angina and 61% had no previous history of cardiac illness; 55% had been admitted as an emergency and 57% subsequently attended cardiac rehabilitation. At baseline 30% of the variance in the exercise self‐efficacy at 3 years after index admission was accounted for by patients’ view of their illness being long‐term. Data collected 9 months after discharge showed similar findings.Conclusion.  Early interventions designed to address individuals’ sense of control, beliefs about the length of illness and the management of perceived symptoms before hospital discharge could increase rehabilitation programmes effectiveness in sustaining patients’ long‐term lifestyle changes.
Heterogeneity within the native range: population genetic analyses of sympatric invasive and noninvasive clades of the freshwater invading copepodEurytemora affinis
Authors: WINKLER GESCHE , DODSON JULIAN J. , LEE CAROL EUNMI 
Published: September 2007

AbstractInvasive species are often composed of highly differentiated populations or sibling species distributed across their native ranges. This study analysed patterns of distribution and the evolutionary and demographic histories of populations within the native range of the copepod species complexEurytemora affinis. Genetic structure was analysed for samples from 17 locations from both the invaded and native ranges in the St Lawrence River drainage basin, using 652 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. This study revealed a high degree of heterogeneity in genetic structure and habitat type in the native range, as well as a bias in the sources of invasive populations. Two genetically distinct clades showed a pattern of niche partitioning within the St Lawrence basin. The noninvasive North Atlantic clade primarily occupied the central portion of the St Lawrence Middle Estuary, whereas the invasive Atlantic clade was more prevalent along the margins, in the upstream reaches of the estuary and downstream salt marshes. Habitat partitioning and genetic subdivision was also present within the Atlantic clade. The freshwater populations were genetically more proximate to the Atlantic clade populations in the estuary than to those in the salt marsh, suggesting the estuary as the source of the invasive populations. The freshwater invading populations showed evidence of a modest population bottleneck. Populations from both clades showed genetic signatures of demographic population expansions that preceded the timing of the last glacial maximum, supporting the St Lawrence as a secondary contact zone between the two clades. Additional analyses on physiological and evolutionary properties of populations in the native range, along with analysis of the selection regime within native habitats, might yield insights into the evolutionary potential to invade.
Multi‐locus DNA sequence data reveal a history of deep cryptic vicariance and habitat‐driven convergence in the desert night lizard Xantusia vigilis species complex (Squamata: Xantusiidae)
Authors: LEAVITT DEAN H. , BEZY ROBERT L. , CRANDALL KEITH A. , SITES JR JACK W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe lizard genus Xantusia of southwestern North America has received recent attention in relation to delimiting species. Using more than 500 lizards from 156 localities, we further test hypothesized species boundaries and clarify phylogeographical patterns, particularly in regions of potential secondary contact. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for every lizard in the study, plus a second mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) region and two nuclear introns for subsets of the total sample. Phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA recover a well‐resolved, novel hypothesis for species in the Xantusia vigilis complex. The nuclear DNA (nDNA) data provide independent support for the recognition of X. arizonae, X. bezyi and X. wigginsi. Differences between the respective mtDNA and nDNA topologies result from either the effects of lineage sorting or ancient introgression. Nuclear data confirm the inference that some populations of X. vigilis in northwestern Arizona converged on rock‐crevice‐dwelling morphology and are not X. arizonae with an introgressed X. vigilis mtDNA genome. The historical independence of ancient cryptic lineages of Xantusia in southern California is also corroborated, though limited introgression is detected. Our proposed biogeographical scenario indicates that diversification of this group was driven by vicariance beginning in the late Miocene. Additionally, Pleistocene climatical changes influenced Xantusia distribution, and the now inhospitable Colorado Desert previously supported night lizard presence. The current taxonomy of the group likely underestimates species diversity within the group, and our results collectively show that while convergence on the rock‐crevice‐dwelling morphology is one hallmark of Xantusia evolution, morphological stasis is paradoxically another.
Conserving the evolutionary potential of California valley oak (Quercus lobata Née): a multivariate genetic approach to conservation planning
Authors: GRIVET DELPHINE , SORK VICTORIA L. , WESTFALL ROBERT D. , DAVIS FRANK W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCalifornia valley oak (Quercus lobata Née) is a seriously threatened endemic oak species in California and a keystone species for foothill oak ecosystems. Urban and agricultural development affects a significant fraction of the species’ range and predicted climate change is likely to dislocate many current populations. Here, we explore spatial patterns of multivariate genotypes and genetic diversity throughout the range of valley oak to determine whether ongoing and future patterns of habitat loss could threaten the evolutionary potential of the species by eradicating populations of distinctive genetic composition. This manuscript will address three specific questions: (i) What is the spatial genetic structure of the chloroplast and nuclear genetic markers? (ii) What are the geographical trends in the distribution of chloroplast and nuclear genotypes? (iii) Is there any part of the species’ range where allelic diversity in either the chloroplast or nuclear genomes is particularly high? We analysed six chloroplast and seven nuclear microsatellite genetic markers of individuals widespread across the valley oak range. We then used a multivariate approach correlating genetic markers and geographical variables through a canonical trend surface analysis, followed by GIS mapping of the significant axes. We visualized population allelic richness spatially with GIS tools to identify regions of high diversity. Our findings, based on the distribution of multivariate genotypes and allelic richness, identify areas with distinctive histories and genetic composition that should be given priority in reserve network design, especially because these areas also overlap with landscape change and little degree of protection. Thus, without a careful preservation plan, valuable evolutionary information will be lost for valley oak.
Sea ice occurrence predicts genetic isolation in the Arctic fox
Authors: GEFFEN ELI , WAIDYARATNE SITARA , DALÉN LOVE , ANGERBJÖRN ANDERS , VILA CARLES , HERSTEINSSON PALL , FUGLEI EVA , WHITE PAULA A. , GOLTSMAN MICHAEL , KAPEL CHRISTIAN M. O. , WAYNE ROBERT K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractUnlike Oceanic islands, the islands of the Arctic Sea are not completely isolated from migration by terrestrial vertebrates. The pack ice connects many Arctic Sea islands to the mainland during winter months. The Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus), which has a circumpolar distribution, populates numerous islands in the Arctic Sea. In this study, we used genetic data from 20 different populations, spanning the entire distribution of the Arctic fox, to identify barriers to dispersal. Specifically, we considered geographical distance, occurrence of sea ice, winter temperature, ecotype, and the presence of red fox and polar bear as nonexclusive factors that influence the dispersal behaviour of individuals. Using distance‐based redundancy analysis and the BIOENV procedure, we showed that occurrence of sea ice is the key predictor and explained 40–60% of the genetic distance among populations. In addition, our analysis identified the Commander and Pribilof Islands Arctic populations as genetically unique suggesting they deserve special attention from a conservation perspective.
The Role of Weeds in the Spread of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus by Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Tobacco Crops
Authors: Chatzivassiliou E. K. , Peters D. , Katis N. I. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOviposition of Thrips tabaci, larval development and their potential to acquire Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) from infected Amaranthus retroflexus, Datura stramonium, Lactuca serriola, Solanum nigrum and Sonchus oleraceus plants and the ability of the adults to transmit this virus to these weeds and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Basmas) were studied. When a T. tabaci female was given an oviposition period of 4 days, an average of 21 larvae were produced on leaves of D. stramonium, 17.5 on S. nigrum, 16.3 on L. serriola and 14.3 on S. oleraceus. Significantly higher numbers of larvae were found on tobacco (29.5), and lower numbers on A. retroflexus (1.9). In a choice test, when females were placed onto leaves of these weed species and tobacco in a Petri dish, D. stramonium was preferred over tobacco. Equal numbers of larvae emerged on leaves of tobacco, of L. serriola and of S. nigrum. Oviposition was lower on A. retroflexus and S. oleraceus in this test. After the transfer of newborn 24 h old larvae to leaf discs of tobacco or to one of the weeds 87, 84, 82, 71, 64 and 17% became pupa on tobacco, D. stramonium, L. serriola, S. nigrum, A. retroflexus or S. oleraceus respectively. After acquisition of virus by newborn‐24 h old larvae from L. serriola, D. stramonium, S. nigrum and A. retroflexus 69.5, 51.4, 32.6 and 22% of the adults became transmitters. No transmission could be recorded on S. oleraceus due to a high larval mortality. Males appeared to be more efficient transmitters than females. Tobacco was more susceptible to TSWV than petunia and the weed species, while among weeds, S. nigrum was the most and A. retroflexus the least susceptible species.
Pathotype Classification of Plasmodiophora brassicae and its Occurrence in Brassica napus in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Strelkov S. E. , Manolii V. P. , Cao T. , Xue S. , Hwang S. F. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA field survey for clubroot of crucifers, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, was conducted in the regions surrounding Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in 2005. The presence of clubroot was confirmed in 41 of the 112 canola (Brassica napus) fields surveyed. These P. brassicae‐ infested fields were located in Sturgeon, Strathcona, Leduc and Wetaskiwin counties, as well as in a rural area of northeast Edmonton. Infected roots were also received from an infested field in Flagstaff County, southeast of Edmonton. Although there was a significant negative correlation between index of disease and soil pH, the occurrence of clubroot was not restricted to fields with acidic soils. Populations of the pathogen were selected from 10 fields and used in pathotype classification on the differential hosts of Williams, Somé et al. and the European Clubroot Differential (ECD) set. Kruskal–Wallis analysis indicated no significant differences in the virulence of the 10 populations tested, suggesting that they are relatively homogenous. If a disease index of 50% was regarded as the cut‐off between a resistant and a susceptible reaction, then all P. brassicae populations tested were classified as ECD ‐/15/12 on the hosts of the ECD set, or as pathotypes 3 or P2 on the differentials of Williams or Somé et al. respectively. However, it may be difficult to detect rare or infrequent pathotypes when field populations of the pathogen are used for characterization.
Monoclonal Antibody‐based TAS‐ELISA for Quantitative Detection of Mycosphaerella fijiensis Antigens
Authors: Otero A. J. , Sarracent J. , Hernández H. , Sánchez M. , Muirragui D. , Villamar M. , Moreta D. , Jiménez M. I. , Pérez L. , Maribona R. H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBlack Sigatoka caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet is the most dangerous and devastating disease of banana around the world. Disease control is carried out by integrating cultural, genetic and chemical measures. Mycosphaerella musicola has been replaced by M. fijiensis wherever Black Sigatoka has been introduced in America and elsewhere, and remains as a significant problem at sites located at relatively high altitudes. To optimize fungicide applications for disease management a presymptomatic quantification of fungal proteins in leaves is desirable. In this study, we describe the generation of a mouse monoclonal antibody (Mab) reactive to a high‐molecular weight antigens from M. fijiensis mycelial single ascospore in vitro culture, but not reactive to mycelial antigens from M. musicola, M. musae and M. minima single ascospore cultures. A rabbit‐specific polyclonal antibody against the same M. fijiensis antigen, reactive also to fungal secreted proteins, was able to discriminate naturally M. fijiensis infected from healthy leaves as well as other concomitant fungi. The Mab was used as a capturing reagent and the polyclonal preparation as a second antibody for a triple antibody enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay able to quantify mycelial protein antigens in a range of 10–40 μg / ml and differentiate it from healthy banana leaf extracts. The aim of this study was the analytical setting up of a Mab‐based immunoassay for the quantification of mycelial and secreted proteins of M. fijiensis. It is intended for the further establishment and optimization of an asymptomatic leaf assay for an improved forecast and warning system applied to Black Sigatoka disease management.
Reduced risk of physician‐diagnosed asthma among children dwelling in a farming environment
Authors: MIDODZI William K. , ROWE Brian H. , MAJAESIC Carina M. , SENTHILSELVAN Ambikaipakan 
Published: September 2007

Background and objective:  Living in a farm environment has been reported to be associated with lower prevalence of asthma, based on the results of cross‐sectional studies. The objective of this longitudinal study was to determine whether living in a farm environment is associated with lower incidence of asthma among children.Methods:  A total of 13 524 asthma‐free children aged 0–11 years were drawn from the Cycle 1 (1994/1995) of the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY). Subjects were categorized as dwelling in rural farming, rural non‐farming and non‐rural environments. Incidence of physician‐diagnosed asthma was determined at Cycle 2 (1996/1997). Bootstrap logistic regression method was used to adjust for design effect in the NLSCY.Results:  The 2‐year cumulative incidence of asthma was 2.3%, 5.3% and 5.7% among children living in farming, rural non‐farming and non‐rural environments, respectively. From the multivariate analysis with adjustment for important confounders, children from a farming environment had a reduced risk of asthma compared with children from rural non‐farming environment with odds ratios (OR) of 0.22 (95% CI: 0.07–0.74) and 0.39 (95% CI: 0.24–0.65) for children with and without parental history of asthma, respectively. Children living in a non‐rural environment with parental history of asthma had an increased risk of asthma incidence when compared with children living in rural non‐farming environment (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.56–4.05).Conclusion:  This longitudinal study expands on observational study results which suggest a reduced risk of developing asthma associated with living in a farming environment.
Surgical results and prognosis of patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma aged less than 36 years
Authors: TÜRÜT Hasan , TASTEPE Irfan , KAYA Sadi , SIRMALI Mehmet , GEZER Suat , OZ Gurhan , FINDIK Gokturk , CETIN Guven 
Published: September 2007

Background and objective:  This study reports on the demographic features, clinico‐pathological results and prognoses of patients aged less than 36 years diagnosed with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:  This is an observational study of patients with primary NSCLC who had a surgical procedure at a tertiary thoracic surgery centre in Turkey. Data collected were age, gender, history of smoking, symptoms, postoperative histopathological diagnosis, stage, surgical procedure and survival.Results:  Of the 31 patients in the study, 27 were male (87%) and the median age was 32 years (10–35 years). Nineteen patients were smokers (61.2%). The most common presenting symptom was cough (n = 23, 67.7%). Histopathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 17), adenocarcinoma (n = 12), lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (n = 1) and undifferentiated carcinoma (n = 1). Staging of the 17 patients with SCC (58.8%) was stage I and II (n = 10, 58%), and stage III (n = 7, 41%). Staging of the 13 patients with adenocarcinoma was stage IV (n = 2, 16%) and stage III patients (n = 8, 66%). Follow‐up data were available on 22 patients (71%) and showed a median survival of 17.2 months. Two and 5‐year survival rates were 54.5% and 45.5%, respectively.Conclusions:  SCC comprised a relatively high proportion of NSCLC in these younger patients. Aggressive multimodality treatment may achieve satisfactory 2‐ and 5‐year survival rates in young patients with NSCLC who usually present with advanced disease.
Autoantibody to alanyl‐tRNA synthetase in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: TAKAHASHI Toru , WADA Ikuo , OHTSUKA Yoshinori , MUNAKATA Mitsuru , HOMMA Yukihiko , KUROKI Yoshio 
Published: September 2007

Background and objectives:  The pathogenesis of IPF is unknown and it is hypothesized that immunological responses are involved. The purpose of this study was to detect autoantibodies in IPF patients and to identify the relevant antigens.Methods:  Sera from 37 healthy subjects and 22 IPF patients who had no clinical symptoms of collagen vascular disease were examined for immunostaining of A549 human type II cells and human lung tissue. Immunoprecipitation and proteome analysis were performed to identify the antigen.Results:  Fifty per cent of the patient sera and none of the control sera exhibited positive staining. Sera from 10 of the 22 IPF patients showed positive immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitated a 110‐kDa protein from the A549 cell lysate. Sera from only two of 41 patients with collagen vascular disease showed positive immunoreactivity. Proteome analysis using tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the protein was alanyl‐tRNA synthetase. Transfection of cDNA of this enzyme into CHO‐K1 cells conferred positive staining on these cells with the patients' IgG. The 135‐kDa fusion protein consisting of 108‐kDa enzyme protein and 27‐kDa YFP from the cell lysate of the transfected cells was immunoprecipitated by the patient IgG. In addition, sera from IPF patients significantly inhibited the enzyme activity of alanyl‐tRNA synthetase.Conclusion:  A significant number of IPF patients possess circulating autoantibodies against alanyl‐tRNA synthetase, suggesting the involvement of an autoimmune background in the pathogenesis of IPF.