bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrene functional poly(vinyl alcohol) by “click” chemistry
Authors: Gacal Bahadir N. , Koz Banu , Gacal Burcin , Kiskan Baris , Erdogan Matem , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSide‐chain pyrene functional poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was synthesized by using “click chemistry” strategy. First, partial tosylation of PVA with p‐toluene sulfonyl chloride were performed. The resulting PVA‐Ts polymer was then quantitatively converted into poly(vinyl alcohol)‐azide (PVA‐N3) in the presence of NaN3/DMF at 60 °C. Propargyl pyrene was prepared independently as a photoactive click component. Finally, azido functionalized PVA was coupled to propargyl pyrene with high efficiency by click chemistry. Incorporation of pyrene functionality in the resulting polymer was confirmed by spectral analysis. It is also shown that pyrene functionalized PVA (PVA‐Py) exhibited characteristic fluorescence properties and improved solubility in highly polar solvents such as water, DMSO, and DMF as well as less polar solvent such as THF compared with pristine PVA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1317–1326, 2009
Emulsion polymerization of ethylene from mesoporous silica nanoparticles with vinyl functionalized monolayers
Authors: Wei Liangming , Zhang Yafei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEmulsion polymerization of ethylene from vinyl functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (V‐MSNs) was reported. V‐MSNs were synthesized via deposition of vinyl monolayers on the pore walls, and the relative surface coverage of the vinyl monolayers was 74%. A fluorinated P‐O‐chelated nickel catalyst coordinated to the vinyl groups. These V‐MSNs hosting catalysts were full dispersed in water assisted by ultrasonic processor in the presence of surfactants. After addition of ethylene, polyethylene (PE) chains grew from the pores of V‐MSNs, formation of stable nanocomposite latices with solid content up to 17.3%. Our method made V‐MSNs well‐dispersed in the PE matrix. Especially, because of a strong interaction between PE and nanoparticles, a stable V‐MSNs core/PE shell structure was formed upon thermal treatment above melting temperature of the PE. Samples were analyzed by a number of techniques including TEM, N2 adsorption‐desorption, FTIR, and solid state 29Si NMR, DLS, 1H NMR, GPC, and DSC. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1393–1402, 2009
Preparation of glycopolymer‐substituted gold nanoparticles and their molecular recognition
Authors: Toyoshima Masayuki , Miura Yoshiko 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGlycopolymer‐substituted gold nanoparticles were prepared via living radical polymerization with a reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) reagent. Polyacrylamide derivatives with α‐mannose (α‐Man) and N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosamine (β‐GlcNAc) were synthesized and hydrogenated to obtain thiol‐terminated polymer. The thiol‐terminated glycopolymers were mixed with gold nanoparticles to yield the polymer substituted gold nanoparticles with various diameters, which aggregated on addition of saccharide‐recognition proteins (lectins). The aggregation properties were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and UV spectra. Molecular recognition was studied with E. coli, which induced aggregation of the nanoparticles at the cell periphery. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1412–1421, 2009
Pulsed i‐PVD of Dielectric Nanodot Arrays Using a Nanoporous Template
Authors: Zhong Xiaoxia , Wu Xiaochen , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe results of multi‐scale numerical simulations of pulsed i‐PVD template‐assisted nanofabrication of ZnO nanodot arrays on a silicon substrate are presented. The ratios and spatial distributions of the ion fluxes deposited on the lateral and bottom surfaces of the nanopores are computed as a function of the external bias and plasma parameters. The results show that the pulsed bias plays a significant role in the ion current distribution inside the nanopores. The results of numerical experiments of this work suggest that by finely adjusting the pulse voltage, the pulse duration and the duty cycle of the external pulsed bias, the nanopore clogging can be successfully avoided during the deposition and the shapes of the deposited ZnO nanodots can be effectively controlled.magnified image
Il‐1β‐induced post‐transition effect of NF‐kappaB provides time‐dependent wave of signals for initial phase of intrapostatic inflammation
Authors: Vykhovanets Eugene V. , Shukla Sanjeev , MacLennan Gregory T. , Vykhovanets Olena V. , Bodner Donald R. , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOBJECTIVEOur previous findings have shown that systemic administration of interleukin (IL)‐1β induces up‐regulation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) in mouse prostate tissue that may be responsible for leukocyte extravasation into prostate stroma. It has been hypothesized that NF‐κB plays a role in the development of prostatitis, and that NF‐κB activation might provide chemoattractive signals for leukocyte extravasation in the prostate.METHODSIL‐1β was administrated intravenously, alone or with dexamethasone (Dex), to separate groups of C57BL/6J mice. Expression of NF‐κB, chemoattractant receptors, and IL‐17F in the prostates of the two groups of mice at various time periods following treatment was evaluated and compared.RESULTSIL‐1β administration up‐regulated NF‐κB/p65 activity in the mouse prostate. IL‐1β administration promoted extravasation and accumulation of CD45+ mononuclear cells but not neutrophils in the mouse prostate stroma. IL‐1β administration provided earlier (4 hr) CXCR1/IL‐8RA receptor expression in mouse prostate as a first signal, inducing capillary homing, adhesion, and initial extravasation of mononuclear cells into the prostate tissue. IL‐1β administration also induced relatively late (24 hr) up‐regulation of VCAM1 in the endothelial cells of microvessels and of IL‐17F in prostate epithelium and in stromal infiltrating leukocytes. Concomitant administration of Dex, a known NF‐κB inhibitor, resulted in significantly down‐regulated IL‐1β‐induced NF‐κB/p65 activity, as well as reduced expression of chemokine receptors and IL‐17F in mouse prostate tissue.CONCLUSIONSystemic IL‐1β administration induces NF‐κB‐responsive genes to promote aberrant NF‐κB/p65 activity, which may be critical in the development of prostatitis through its role in the production of chemoattractant signals that promote extravasation and stromal accumulation of mononuclear cells (mainly by CXCR1/IL‐8RA), and initiation of a new wave of pro‐inflammatory signals favorable to chronic inflammation (mainly by IL‐17F). Prostate 69:633–643, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shelling the Voronoi interface of protein–protein complexes reveals patterns of residue conservation, dynamics, and composition
Authors: Bouvier Benjamin , Grünberg Raik , Nilges Michael , Cazals Frédéric 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe accurate description and analysis of protein–protein interfaces remains a challenging task. Traditional definitions, based on atomic contacts or changes in solvent accessibility, tend to over‐ or underpredict the interface itself and cannot discriminate active from less relevant parts. We here extend a fast, parameter‐free and purely geometric definition of protein interfaces and introduce the shelling order of Voronoi facets as a novel measure for an atom's depth inside the interface. Our analysis of 54 protein–protein complexes reveals a strong correlation between Voronoi Shelling Order (VSO) and water dynamics. High Voronoi Shelling Orders coincide with residues that were found shielded from bulk water fluctuations in a recent molecular dynamics study. Yet, VSO predicts such “dry” residues without consideration of forcefields or dynamics at a dramatically reduced cost. The interface center is enriched in hydrophobic residues. Yet, this hydrophobic centering is not universal and does not mirror the far stronger geometric bias of water fluxes. The seemingly complex water dynamics at protein interfaces appears thus largely controlled by geometry. Sequence analysis supports the functional relevance of dry residues and residues with high VSO, both of which tend to be more conserved. On closer inspection, the spatial distribution of conservation argues against the arbitrary dissection into core or rim and thus refines previous results. Voronoi Shelling Order reveals clear geometric patterns in protein interface composition, function and dynamics and facilitates the comparative analysis of protein–protein interactions. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Windowed growth of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on Silicon 〈111〉 substrates for future MOS integration
Authors: Chyurlia P. , Semond F. , Lester T. , Bardwell J. A. , Rolfe S. , Cordier Y. , Baron N. , Moreno J.‐C. , Tarr N. G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA novel windowed growth technique that allows for the exposure of a smooth silicon surface for MOS circuitry between AlGaN/GaN HEMT layers has been developed. A sacrificial oxide based dielectric stack is used to protect regions of the silicon surface before growth by ammonia‐MBE. SIMS analysis shows elevated oxygen impurity incorporation in the stress‐relief layer, but controllable levels in the C‐doped GaN buffer. A Hall mobility of 1.37 × 103 cm2/Vs is measured in the AlGaN/GaN regions. AFM results show a RMS roughness of 0.12 nm on the silicon surface. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cell micro‐arrays from surface‐attached peptide‐polymer monolayers
Authors: Petersen Sönke , Loschonsky Sidar , Prucker Oswald , Rühe Jürgen , Biesalski Markus 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe introduce the design of a chip for the controlled adhesion of anchorage‐dependent cells. A hybrid copolymer, comprising the peptide cell‐recognition motif RGD, attached to a protein‐repellent poly(dimethylacrylamide) PDMAA polymer is used in a lithography process to implement a chemical microstructure on planar surfaces. The characterization of the surface‐attached film along with a first study of its performance in cell adhesion assays is presented. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Raman linewidths calculated as a function of temperature in NaNO2
Authors: Karacali H. , Yurtseven H. , Kiraci Ali 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe temperature dependence of the damping constant is calculated for some Raman modes in NaNO2 using the soft mode–hard mode coupling model and the energy fluctuation model. The damping constant is fitted to the measured Raman bandwidths of those modes, which is well described by the soft mode–hard mode coupling model. The values of the activation energy are extracted from the damping constant for the Raman modes, which are much greater than kBTC = 0.04 eV for NaNO2 close to the transition temperature (TC = 436 K). This is an indication that NaNO2 undergoes an order–disorder phase transition. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic structure of diluted magnetic semiconductors Pb1–x –yGex Cry Te under pressure
Authors: Skipetrov E. P. , Kovalev B. B. , Skipetrova L. A. , Pichugin N. A. , Slyn'ko E. I. , Slyn'ko V. E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe galvanomagnetic properties of Pb1–x –y Gex Cry Te in the temperature range 4.2–300 K under variation of the alloy composition (x ≤ 0.13, y ≤ 0.05) and under hydrostatic compression (P ≤ 17 kbar) have been investigated. Pressure dependences of the electron concentration and Fermi energy were obtained. In the frame of the Kane dispersion relation theoretical dependences of electron concentration and Fermi energy were calculated and parameters of chromium impurity band were estimated. Magnetic field dependences of the Hall coefficient under variation of germanium content and under pressure were measured. It is shown, that existence of two conductivity mechanisms should be taken into account: conduction band conductivity and electron‐type conductivity via chromium impurity band states. In terms of the two‐band conduction model the main parameters of charge carriers were obtained. Experimental results are discussed taking into account the diagram of the electronic structure reconstruction under pressure, assuming finite capacity, electron filling and widening of the impurity band. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In vitroinhibition of CYP3A4 by herbal remedies frequently used by cancer patients
Authors: Engdal Silje , Nilsen Odd Georg 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe herbal remedies Natto K2,Agaricus, mistletoe, noni juice, green tea and garlic, frequently used by cancer patients, were investigated for theirin vitroinhibition potential of cytochrome P‐450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism. To our knowledge, only garlic and green tea had available data on the possible inhibition of CYP3A4 metabolism. Metabolic studies were performed with human c‐DNA baculovirus expressed CYP3A4. Testosterone was used as a substrate and ketoconazole as a positive quantitative inhibition control. The formation of 6‐β‐OH‐testosterone was quantified by a validated HPLC methodology. Green tea was the most potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 metabolism (IC50: 73 µg/mL), followed byAgaricus,mistletoe and noni juice (1324, 3594, >10 000 µg/mL, respectively). All IC50values were high compared with those determined for crude extracts of other herbal remedies. The IC50/IC25ratios for the inhibiting herbal remedies ranged from 2.15 to 2.67, indicating similar inhibition profiles of the herbal inhibitors of CYP3A4. Garlic and Natto K2 were classified as non‐inhibitors. AlthoughAgaricus, noni juice, mistletoe and green tea inhibited CYP3A4 metabolismin vitro, clinically relevant systemic or intestinal interactions with CYP3A4 were considered unlikely, except for a probable inhibition of intestinal CYP3A4 by the green tea product. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of adaptogens on ultraweak biophoton emission: a pilot‐experiment
Authors: Schutgens F. W. G. , Neogi P. , van Wijk E. P. A. , van Wijk R. , Wikman G. , Wiegant F. A. C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of plant adaptogens (Rhodiola rosea and ADAPT‐232) on human photon emission has been determined. In a randomized double blind placebo‐controlled study, 30 subjects were randomly assigned to three groups: one group (n = 10) taking placebo pills, one group (n = 10) taking Rhodiola rosea (SHR‐5) pills and one group (n = 10) taking ADAPT‐232 supplements (the latter being a fixed combination of the following three adaptogens: Eleutherococcus senticosus, Rhodiola rosea and Schisandra chinensis). All subjects underwent measurements to determine ultra‐weak photon emission (UPE) of the dorsal side of their hands using a photon‐counting device, both before and after a week of taking the supplements. In addition, the experienced levels of stress and fatigue (tiredness) were evaluated. After 1 week of supplementation, the Rhodiola group showed a significant decrease (p = 0.027) in photon emission in comparison with the placebo group. Furthermore, after supplementation, a significant decrease (p = 0.049) concerning the experienced level of fatigue in the Rhodiola group was observed compared with the placebo group. No significant changes were observed between the ADAPT‐232 and the placebo group. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiproliferative activity of Hungarian Asteraceae species against human cancer cell lines. Part II
Authors: Csupor‐Löffler Boglárka , Hajdú Zsuzsanna , Réthy Borbála , Zupkó István , Máthé Imre , Rédei Tamás , Falkay George , Hohmann Judit 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe antiproliferative activities of aqueous and organic extracts prepared from 26 Hungarian species of the tribes Cynereae and Lactuceae (Asteraceae) were tested in vitro against HeLa (cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma), A431 (skin epidermoid carcinoma) and MCF7 (breast epithelial adenocarcinoma) cells by using the MTT assay. Of the tested 200 extracts of different plant parts obtained with n‐hexane, chloroform, 50% methanol and water, 16 extracts displayed noteworthy cell growth inhibitory activity (>50% inhibition at a concentration of 10 µg/mL). The IC50 values of these extracts were determined, and their direct cytotoxic effects were measured. High differences between the antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities, demonstrating a real cell proliferation inhibitory activity rather than direct killing effects, were found for some Centaurea, Cirsium, Cichorium, Lactuca, Onopordum and Scorsonera extracts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amelioration of metformin‐induced hypothyroidism by Withania somnifera and Bauhinia purpurea extracts in Type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Jatwa Rameshwar , Kar Anand 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn investigation was carried out to reveal the possible ameliorative role of two plant extracts on an antidiabetic drug‐induced hypothyroidism in Type 2 diabetic animals. Dexamethasone (1.0 mg/kg, i.m.) administration caused hyperglycemia with a parallel increase in renal lipid peroxidation (LPO), relative risk ratio (RR), and the concentrations of serum insulin; total cholesterol (TC); low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C); very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) and triglycerides (TG). It decreased serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels as well as renal superoxide dismutase (SOD); catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Administration with metformin (150 mg/kg, orally) to diabetic animals further reduced circulating T4 level and caused severe hypothyroidism. It also reduced renal LPO, RR, serum concentrations of insulin; glucose and LDL‐C with a parallel increase in cellular antioxidants. While oral administration with either Withania somnifera (1.4 g/kg) or Bauhinia purpurea (2.5 mg/kg) extract along with dexamethasone and metformin elevated the concentrations of circulating T3 and T4 to euthyroid level. The plant extracts also corrected RR ratio and serum concentration of lipids. The findings of the present study, for the first time, reveal that the evaluated plant extracts have a potential to ameliorate metformin‐induced hypothyroidism in Type 2 diabetic subjects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The potential of variational retrieval of temperature and humidity profiles from Meteosat Second Generation observations
Authors: Di Giuseppe F. , Elementi M. , Cesari D. , Paccagnella T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe quality of temperature and humidity retrievals from the infrared Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) sensors on the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites is assessed by means of a one‐dimensional variational algorithm. The study is performed with the aim of improving the spatial and temporal resolution of available observations to feed analysis systems designed for high‐resolution regional‐scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. The non‐hydrostatic forecast model COSMO in the ARPA‐SIMC operational configuration is used to provide background fields. Only clear‐sky observations over sea are processed.An optimized one‐dimensional variational set‐up comprised of two water‐vapour and three window channels is selected. It maximizes the reduction of errors in the model backgrounds while ensuring ease of operational implementation through accurate bias correction procedures and correct radiative transfer simulations.The 1Dvar retrieval quality is first quantified in relative terms, employing statistics to estimate the reduction in the background model errors. Additionally the absolute retrieval accuracy is assessed by comparing the analysis with independent radiosonde observations. The inclusion of satellite data brings a substantial reduction in the warm and dry biases present in the forecast model. Moreover it is shown that the use of the retrieved profiles generated by the 1Dvar in the COSMO nudging scheme can locally reduce forecast errors. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
G‐SIMS: relative effectiveness of different monatomic primary ion source combinations
Authors: Seah Martin P. , Gilmore Ian S. , Green Felicia M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn analysis is made of the characteristics of monatomic primary ion sources to generate G‐SIMS (gentle SIMS) spectra. In previous studies, this is resolved into the parameter β that describes the relative intensities of ions in the series CnHn+2−i as i changes. For this, data from polystyrene are most extensive. It is found that the experimental β values, which relate to the emitted secondary ion fragment surface plasma temperatures, are accurately described by an empirical fit involving the ratio of the sputtering yield and the mass of the primary ion. This description covers data for Ar+, Bi+, Cs+, Ga+, Mn+ and Xe+ monatomic primary ions with energies in the range 4 to 25 keV, placing them in a coherent framework, and permits the performance of any other monatomic primary ion to be predicted. This shows that, of all monatomic primary ions, Bi will yield the highest β values and Mn the lowest. Since the G‐SIMS spectra are ratios, a ratio involving spectra using these primary ions gives the maximum signal quality possible and these are therefore recommended for use. The previous choice of these ions for a combined G‐SIMS source, based on practical considerations, is thus shown to be optimum. © Crown copyright 2009. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative and qualitative profiling of endocannabinoids in human plasma using a triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer with liquid chromatography
Authors: Thomas Aurélien , Hopfgartner Gérard , Giroud Christian , Staub Christian 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOwing to the large implication of endocannabinoids (ECs) in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, a rapid liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometric assay (LC/ESI‐QqQLIT) was developed for the detection and characterization of anandamide (AEA), 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol (2‐AG), virodhamine (VA), noladin ether (2‐AGE), and N‐arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) in human plasma. The ECs were extracted from 500 µL of plasma by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and separated by using an XTerra C18 MS column (50 × 3.0 mm i.d., 3.5 µm) with gradient elution. The mobile phase was composed of a mixture of acetonitrile, water, and formic acid (0.1%). For confirmatory analysis, an information‐dependent acquisition (IDA) experiment was performed with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) as survey scan and enhanced product ion (EPI) as dependent scan. The assay was found to be linear in the concentration range of 0.1–5 ng/mL for AEA, 0.3–5 ng/mL for VA, 2‐AGE, and NADA and 1–20 ng/mL for 2‐AG using a 0.5 mL aliquot of plasma. Repeatability and intermediate precision were found less than 15% over the tested concentration ranges. The developed method thus provided the rapid, highly sensitive and highly selective requirement for assess quantitation, and identification of ECs in plasma. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.