bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic indicators in carcinoma of the nasal vestibule
Authors: Jeannon J.‐P. , Riddle P.J. , Irish J. , O'Sullivan B. , Brown D.H. , Gullane P. 
Published: February 2007

Objectives:  Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule is rare variant of skin cancer. The TNM classification for skin cancer has been used, whereas, Wang has devised an independent staging system, which he stated was more accurate. The purpose of this study was to analyse the prognostic indicators for survival in a patients with nasal vestibule cancer from the Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto.Design:  A retrospective review of case notes from the Princess Margaret Hospital archives was performed.Setting:  The Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute is the tertiary regional Head and Neck Oncology Centre for ON, Canada.Participants:  All patients with nasal vestibule cancer (ICD10 C300) were included.Main outcome measures:  Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed and Kaplan–Meier survival curves constructed.Results:  Eighty‐four patients were identified. The mean age was 67, there was a male preponderance of 2 : 1. Primary radical radiation was used in 77% of patients. Age (P = 0.02), N stage (P = 0.0001) and Wang classification (P = 0.0001) were associated with prediction of overall survival using multivariate analysis. Grade, depth of invasion and N stage were associated with disease‐free survival outcome. A 5‐year overall survival rate of 58% and disease‐free survival of 52% was seen.Conclusion:  Nasal vestibule cancer behaves in a more aggressive manner than any other skin cancers affecting the head and neck. The Wangs’ classification appears to be a better prognostic indicator for overall survival then the TNM classification for skin cancer.
The genetics of paragangliomas: a review
Authors: T.P.C. Martin , R.M. Irving , E.R. Maher 
Published: February 2007

Keypoints• Familial head and neck paragangliomas account for ≈10% of all head and neck paragangliomas.• There are three known genes associated with genetic susceptibility to head and neck paragangliomas: succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit ‘D’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ (SDHD, SDHB and SDHC).• The genes most frequently implicated: SDHD and SDHB, also predispose to phaeochromocytoma• SDHD shows a complex inheritance pattern – tumours do not develop if the mutation is inherited from the mother.• SDHB mutations are associated with malignant phaeochromocytoma• Patients who present with a family history of paraganglioma or phaeochromocytoma, with multiple tumours, or early onset tumours (<50 years), should be referred for genetic investigation.
Predictive factors for recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery
Authors: Erbil Y. , Barbaros U. , İşsever H. , Borucu İ. , Salmaslıoğlu A. , Mete Ö. , Bozbora A. , Özarmağan S. 
Published: February 2007

Objectives:  To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy.Design:  Retrospective case–control study.Setting:  Tertiary clinic.Participants:  From September 1990 to September 2005, 3250 consecutive patients who had a thyroidectomy for treatment of various thyroid diseases.Main outcome measures:  The rates of nerve palsy and hypoparathyroidism were evaluated based on thyroid pathology, the choice of operative procedure, whether the nerve was identified, and the experience of the surgeon.Results:  Overall, the rate of nerve palsy was 1.8% and that of hypoparathyroidism was 6.6%. On univariate analysis the rates of complications were siginificantly higher in the patients who had an extended thyroidectomy, identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery, repeat surgery and patients older than 50 years of age. Complications were no commoner in operations performed by trainees under supervision than experienced surgeons. On multivariate analysis extended thyroidectomy had a 12 fold (95% CI 1.7, 92) increased risk of nerve palsy. Repeat surgery had a 3 fold (95% CI 2.1, 4.7) increased risk of postoperative hypoparathyroidism.Conclusion:  Extentended thyroidectomy and repeat surgery had a significant effect on the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and postoperative hyperparathyroidism respectively following thyroid surgery.
Mechanisms of acid buffering and formation of secondary minerals in vitric Andosols
Authors: Herre A. , Lang F. , Siebe Ch. , Dohrmann R. , Kaupenjohann M. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryAndosols in the vicinity of active volcanoes receive large inputs of SO2and HCl. We studied (i) the mechanisms of acid buffering, (ii) the effect of cation removal on the short‐term acid neutralization capacity and (iii) the consequences of acid buffering for secondary mineral formation in vitric Andosols around the Central American volcanoes Poás and Masaya. Two types of short‐term (24 hour) acidification experiments at pH 3 were conducted to simulate an open system in which leaching prevails (extraction with protonated cation exchange resin) and a closed system with no leaching (pHstattitration with cation accumulation). Long‐term buffering under field conditions (mean soil pH: 4.6) and its effect on secondary mineral formation were studied by analysis of samples from a transect of decreasing acid input by IR spectroscopy, microscopic methods and geochemical equilibrium modelling. In Poás samples the main short‐term buffering mechanisms at pH 3 are plagioclase dissolution and protonation of organic matter. Long‐term acid buffering under field conditions led to weathering of plagioclase crystals but did not result in protonated carboxyl groups. In Masaya samples mineral and/or glass dissolution are the dominant acid buffering mechanisms in laboratory experiments and under field conditions. For both sites, cation accumulation during pH 3 acidification experiments led to a decrease of the effective acid neutralization capacity. Due to different climatic conditions, Al is precipitated as basaluminite at Masaya while it seems to be susceptible to leaching at Poás. Acid buffering resulted in the formation of amorphous silica at both sites.
Influence of land use changes on the soil temperature regime of Andosols on Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
Authors: Jiménez C. , Tejedor M. , Rodríguez M. 
Published: February 2007

SummarySoil temperature influences both soil formation processes and land use possibilities, and is a classification criterion in some systems. Vegetation cover is one of the factors that affects temperature. In this paper, we estimate the classes of soil temperature regimes, using Soil Taxonomy, for Andosols located in parts of the island of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, which are influenced by the trade winds. The study focuses on soils under three types of natural vegetation – cloud forest, tree‐heath woodland and pine forest – and adjacent plots where the vegetation has been replaced with, respectively, pine forest, herbaceous plants and cropping, and herbaceous plants. Temperature was measured monthly at 50‐cm depth for a period of 2–4 years at three sites, both in the natural vegetation plots and in the plots where the vegetation was modified. Under natural vegetation the soil temperature regimes are all ‘iso’ (difference < 6°C between summer and winter temperatures) and reflect tropical conditions. The switch to shorter vegetation, and particularly to use of the land for cropping, causes the soil temperature regime to change from iso to non‐iso.
Scale‐dependent relationships between soil organic carbon and urease activity
Authors: Corstanje R. , Schulin R. , Lark R. M. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryMany soil properties and processes vary at different spatial scales. As a result, relationships between soil properties often depend on scale. In this paper we show this for two soil properties of biological importance, by means of a nested analysis of covariance. The variables were urease activity (UA) and soil organic carbon (SOC), sampled on an unbalanced nested design at three sites with different land uses (arable, forest and pasture). The objective of this study was to investigate the scale‐dependent relationships of UA and SOC at these three sites to exemplify the phenomenon of scale‐dependency in the covariation of biogeochemical variables. At each site the variables showed different scale dependencies, expressed in their correlations at different scales. At the pasture site, UA and SOC were uncorrelated at all scales in the sampling design (0.2 m, 1 m, 6 m and ≥15 m), and the overall product moment correlation was 0.10. A significant positive scale dependent correlation (0.65) was found at the 1‐m scale for the forested site. The soil properties were not spatially correlated at any of the other scales and the associated product moment correlation for this site was 0.14. Urease activity and soil organic C were found not to be correlated at the shorter scales in the arable site. However, significant positive correlation coefficients of 0.89 and 0.82 were obtained at the longer scales of 6 and ≥15‐m respectively for the arable site. The product moment correlation at this site was 0.65. At both the arable and forest site, we found that correlations at particular scales were stronger than the overall product moment correlation. This approach allowed us to identify significant relationships between urease activity and soil organic carbon and the scales at which these relationships occur and to draw conclusions about the spatial scales, which must be resolved in further studies of these variables in these contrasting environments. This study highlights the pervasive effect of scale in soil biogeochemistry and shows that scale‐dependence must not be disregarded by soil scientists in their investigations of biogeochemical processes.
The influence of strain of Holstein‐Friesian dairy cow and pasture‐based feeding system on grazing behaviour, intake and milk production
Authors: McCarthy S. , Horan B. , Rath M. , Linnane M. , O'Connor P. , Dillon P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA comparative study of grazing behaviour, herbage intake and milk production of three strains of Holstein‐Friesian dairy cow was conducted using three grass‐based feeding systems over two years. The three strains of Holstein‐Friesian cows were: high production North American (HP), high durability North American (HD) and New Zealand (NZ). The three grass‐based feeding systems were: high grass allowance (MP), high concentrate (HC) and high stocking rate (HS). In each year seventy‐two pluriparous cows, divided equally between strains of Holstein‐Friesian and feeding systems were used. Strain of Holstein‐Friesian cow and feeding system had significant effects on grazing behaviour, dry matter (DM) intake and milk production. The NZ strain had the longest grazing time while the HD strain had the shortest. The grazing time of cows in the HC system was shorter than those in both the HS and MP systems. There was a significant strain of Holstein‐Friesian cow by feeding system interaction for DM intake of grass herbage and milk production. The NZ strain had the highest substitution rate with the HP strain having the lowest. Hence, response in milk production to concentrate was much greater with the HP than the NZ strain. Reduction in milk yield as a consequence of a higher stocking rate (MP vs. HS system) was, however, greater for the HP and HD strains compared with the NZ strain. The results suggest that differences in grazing behaviour are important in influencing DM intake and milk production.
The genetic diversity of perennial Leymus chinensis originating from China
Authors: Liu Z. P. , Li X. F. , Li H. J. , Yang Q. C. , Liu G. S. 
Published: February 2007

Summary Leymus chinensis is an economically and ecologically important grass that is widely distributed across eastern areas of the Eurasian steppe. A better knowledge of genetic diversity of L. chinensis could be valuable in the efficient utilization, conservation and management of germplasm collections. Genetic diversity in thirty‐seven morphological characters of 293 accessions was assessed in three successive years. Based on these qualitative and quantitative characters, the genetic diversity indices (Shannon indices) of traits and geographical populations were estimated, and a principal coordinates analysis and a path analysis were undertaken. Compared with the yellow‐green type of L. chinensis, the grey‐green type had significantly (P < 0·05) more genetic diversity. In addition, the path analysis suggested that the combined effects of genetic diversity and vegetative traits could explain 0·206 of the total variance in plant reproductive traits. The highest Shannon genetic diversity index of accessions (H = 2·252) was observed in accessions from the region of longitude of 124–128°E, suggesting the most abundant germplasm of L. chinensis in this region.
Dietary cation–anion difference of Timothy (Phleum pratenseL.) as influenced by application of chloride and nitrogen fertilizer
Authors: Pelletier S. , Bélanger G. , Tremblay G. F. , Seguin P. , Drapeau R. , Allard G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effectiveness of forages to prevent post‐calving hypocalcaemia, when used as a feed source for non‐lactating dairy cows, can be predicted by the dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD). Three to four weeks before calving, the ration of non‐lactating dairy cows should have a DCAD around −50 mmolc kg−1DM. In an experiment, swards, based on Timothy (Phleum pratenseL.), were used to (i) evaluate the impact of two types (CaCl2and NH4Cl) and four application rates of chloride fertilizer per season (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg Cl ha−1) in combination with two N application rates (70 and 140 kg N ha−1) on mineral concentrations and DCAD in the herbage, and (ii) determine the economically optimal rate of chloride fertilizer (Clop) for DCAD in herbage. Chloride and N fertilizers were applied in the spring and, after the first harvest in 2003 and 2004 at four locations that differed in K content of their soils. Two harvests were taken during each year. Averaged across N‐fertilizer application rates, harvests and locations, the highest rate of chloride fertilizer increased chloride concentration in herbage by 8·5 g kg−1dry matter (DM) and decreased DCAD in herbage by 190 mmolc kg−1DM to values as low as −9 mmolc kg−1DM. Both types of chloride fertilizer had the same effect on chloride concentration and DCAD in herbage and had no effect on DM yield. When no chloride fertilizer was applied on soils with a high content of available K, application of N fertilizer increased DCAD in herbage by 47 mmolc kg−1DM at both harvests. Herbage DCAD was lower in summer than in spring by 47–121 mmolc kg−1DM depending on the location. Application of chloride fertilizer can effectively lower the DCAD of Timothy‐based herbages; the economically optimal rate of chloride fertilizer in the spring varied from 78 to 123 kg Cl ha−1, depending on soil K and chloride contents and expected DM yield.
Residual fertilizer effects on dry‐matter yield and nutritive value of Mediterranean pastures
Authors: Martiniello P. , Berardo N. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryFive pastures in an Mediterranean environment in southern Italy were fertilized for 6 years (1993–1998) with nitrogen (N) fertilizer, phosphorus (P) fertilizer and two levels low (L) and high (H) of combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (N‐P), and compared with a no‐fertilizer control treatment, and the effects on soil variables, dry matter (DM) yield of herbage and floristic composition of the pastures measured. From 1998–2002, half of each plot was fertilized with the same treatments (continued treatment) while the other half received no fertilizer (discontinued treatment). In the year 2001–2002, the plots on the discontinued fertilizer treatments and the plots on the control treatment were used to evaluate the residual effects of the fertilizer treatments. The P and N‐P fertilizer continued and discontinued treatments, in comparison to the control treatment, had a higher content of available P2O5 in the soil while under the N fertilizer treatment it decreased. The N and P fertilizer treatments and the residual effects of these treatments led to higher DM yields and proportions of Gramineae and Leguminosae, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, differences in the nutritive value of the herbage and floristic composition were observed between the N‐P fertilizer treatments and the control treatment. The residual effect of the N, P and N‐P fertilizer treatments increased DM yield proportionately by 0.063, 0.385 and 0.404, respectively, and reduced the crude protein content of the herbage. The residual effects of the fertilizer treatments on milk forage units (MFU) were 261 for N, 1107 for P and 1003 MFU ha−1 for N–P fertilizer treatments. Among fertilizers, the residual effect of the N‐P fertilizer treatment promoted an increase in DM yield but produced little variation in floristic composition of the pasture. In general, the fertilizer treatments increased DM yield and nutritive value of herbage and reduced floristic composition in pastures on these Mediterranean sites.
32P colloid radiosynovectomy in treatment of chronic haemophilic synovitis: Iran experience
Authors: MORTAZAVI S. M. J. , ASADOLLAHI S. , FARZAN M. , SHAHRIARAN S. , AGHILI M. , IZADYAR S. , LAK M. 
Published: February 2007

Summary. Repeated intra‐articular bleeding with subsequent development of chronic synovitis and cartilage changes, leading to haemophilic arthropathy, is one the most debilitating problems in haemophilic patients. Radiosynovectomy is a familiar therapeutic choice in management of chronic synovitis in haemophilia. We report the treatments results of synoviorthesis with32P chromic phosphate with emphasis on clinical aspects. Between 2002 and 2006 we performed 66 procedures in 53 patients. Seven patients were excluded. The remaining 46 patients were followed for an average of 31 months. The mean age of patients at the time of injection was 15.9 years (range: 6–28). There were three repeat injections. According to Fernandez‐pallazi and Cavilgia clinical classification (Table 1) [23], nine joints were Stage II and 46 were Stage III. In latest follow‐up, 77% of patients reported at least a 50% decrease in bleeding frequency after treatment (P < 0.0001). The need for antihaemophilic factor consumption dropped by about 74% postradiosynovectomy (P < 0.0001). In most of the injected joints, the range of motion remained stable or improved. A trend was found for the number of haemarthrosis to increase after a period of considerable improvement. Synoviorthesis using32P effectively reduces the intra‐articular bleeding rate and factor concentrate use. Durability of the response seems to be unpredictable, perhaps attributable to the late intervention. An early radiosynovectomy might be more helpful in terms of stability of response to treatment. Classification of haemophilic arthropathy according to clinical severity developed by Fernandez‐pallazi and Cavilgia.StageDefinitionI Transitory synovitisWith no postbleeding sequelaeII Permanent synovitisWith persistent thickening of the synovial membrane and diminution of range of motionIII Chronic arthropathyAs for Grade 2 plus muscular atrophy and axial deformity of the limbIV AnkylosisFibrous or osseous ankylosis
A comparison of paracetamol, ibuprofen or their combination for pain relief following extractions in children under general anaesthesia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: GAZAL GIATH , MACKIE IAIN C. 
Published: February 2007

Objective.  This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of different oral analgesics for relieving pain and distress in children following the extraction of teeth under general anaesthesia (GA). The analgesics included paracetamol alone, ibuprofen alone, and paracetamol and ibuprofen in combination.Methods.  Two hundred and one subjects were randomly allocated to one of four groups. Forty‐seven children were included in the ibuprofen alone (5 mg kg−1) group, 51 in the paracetamol/ibuprofen combination (15/5 mg kg−1) group, 48 in the high‐dose paracetamol (20 mg kg−1) group, and 55 children were included in the usual‐dose paracetamol (15 mg kg−1) group (control group). Evaluation of distress for children was made immediately pre‐operatively, on recovery from anaesthesia and again after 15 min by using a five‐point face scale. Furthermore, each child was observed immediately postoperatively and 15 min postoperatively for signs of pain using the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale.Results.  There were significant decreases in the mean pain and distress scores for both the ibuprofen alone and paracetamol/ibuprofen combination groups compared to the control group (usual‐dose paracetamol) at 15 min postoperatively.Conclusions.  This study provides evidence to support the oral administration of ibuprofen alone or in combination with paracetamol for postoperative analgesia in children who are having teeth extracted under GA.
Development of acute Henoch–Schönlein purpura subsequent to endodontic treatment
Authors: TAHMASSEBI JINOUS F. , PATERSON SUSAN A. 
Published: February 2007

Background.  Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) is an inflammatory disorder of unknown origin that is characterized by IgA‐dominant immune complexes in smaller blood vessels. It results in a triad of symptoms, including a purpuric rash on the lower extremities, abdominal pain or renal involvement, and arthritis. Any of the triad may be absent, however, which often leads to confusion in diagnosing the condition. Cases of acute HSP developing subsequent to dental treatment have not been previously reported in the dental literature.Case report.  This study reports the unusual case of a 14‐year‐old female who developed acute HSP following endodontic treatment.Conclusion.  Treatment for this condition is supportive and children affected by this disorder need close follow‐up of their renal status.
Multiple‐species analysis of point count data: a more parsimonious modelling framework
Authors: ALLDREDGE MATHEW W. , POLLOCK KENNETH H. , SIMONS THEODORE R. , SHRINER SUSAN A. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryAlthough population surveys often provide information on multiple species, these data are rarely analysed within a multiple‐species framework despite the potential for more efficient estimation of population parameters.We have developed a multiple‐species modelling framework that uses similarities in capture/detection processes among species to model multiple species data more parsimoniously. We present examples of this approach applied to distance, time of detection and multiple observer sampling for avian point count data.Models that included species as a covariate and individual species effects were generally selected as the best models for distance sampling, but group models without species effects performed best for the time of detection and multiple observer methods. Population estimates were more precise for no‐species‐effect models than for species‐effect models, demonstrating the benefits of exploiting species’ similarities when modelling multiple species data. Partial species‐effect models and additive models were also useful because they modelled similarities among species while allowing for species differences.Synthesis and applications.We recommend the adoption of multiple‐species modelling because of its potential for improved population estimates. This framework will be particularly beneficial for modelling count data from rare species because information on the detection process can be ‘borrowed’ from more common species. The multiple‐species modelling framework presented here is applicable to a wide range of sampling techniques and taxa.