bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of light scattering after in vivo close to threshold dose of ultraviolet radiation 300 nm
Authors: HUANG S , GALICHANIN K , MODY V , LÖFGREN S , SÖDERBERG PG 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To determine the evolution of light scattering in the albino rat lens after in vivo close to threshold UVR‐300 nm. Methods: Alltogether 4 groups of 20 6 weeks old albino Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed unilaterally in vivo to 8 kJ/m2 UVR‐300 nm. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 7, 48 and 336 hrs after exposure after exposure to UVR, depending on group belonging and the lenses were removed for macroscopic imaging of dark‐field anatomy, and quantitative measurement of intensity of forward light scattering. Results: The intensity of light scattering increased exponentially declining with a rate constant (1/k) of 71 hrs and an asymptote maximum light scattering of 0.16 tEDC. This is consistent with findings for a dose of 30 kJ/m2 although the current time constant was higher. There was an indication of a transient increase of light scattering on the contralateral side peaking at 7 hrs after expsoure. There was an indication for some repair at 336 hrs. Conclusions: Light scattering evolves quicker, the higher the dose, but increases exponentially declining towards an assymptote. The current study suggest that observations of damage from close to threshold in vivo UVR exposure should be made at 1 week after exposure in order to detect the maximum damage.
Recurrent giant chalazia in hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (Job's) syndrome
Authors: PATTERI P , SERRU A , CHESSA ML , LOI M , DORE S , PINNA A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To report a case of recurrent, multiple giant chalazia in a patient with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (Job's) syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by markedly increased immunoglobulin E levels and recurrent pulmonary and skin infections. Methods: A 50‐year‐old man was referred with a 4‐year history of recurrent, multiple giant chalazia in all eyelids. Medications and surgical intervention produced only transient improvement. The patient also had a history of pulmonary and scalp infection. Results: Laboratory tests disclosed elevated plasma immunoglobulin E (> 500 IU/ml) and eosinophilia. As a result, based on clinical and laboratory findings, a diagnosis of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (Job's) syndrome was made. Conclusions: Even though rarely, recurrent multiple giant chalazia may occur as an ophthalmic feature of the Job's syndrome. The hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome should be suspected in any case of recurrent giant chalazia. Measurament of plasma immunoglobulin E and eosinophils, along with internal evaluation, are essential to establish a proper diagnosis.
Epidemiology of severe uveitis in France: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: BODAGHI B , SANCHEZ‐POTON A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To determine the distribution and characteristics of severe uveitis, referred to university referral centres (URC) in France during a 3‐month period. Methods: All new cases of uveitis referred between January and April 2006, to 31 specialized URC, for diagnostic or therapeutic management were prospectively reviewed. Characteristics of ocular inflammation were reported at the end of the first examination on a questionnaire. Results: 527 patients were finally included. Median age was 44.1 (range 1‐95) and the sex‐ratio was 1. The majority of patients (60.92%) were referred by their ophthalmologist and no previous episode of uveitis was noted in 62.75% of cases. Acute‐onset uveitis was present in 68.22% of cases. Anterior uveitis was the most common type of presentation (54.7%) followed by panuveitis (21.1%). Complications at referral included a visual loss < 20/100 (20%), posterior synechiae (21.6%), secondary glaucoma (15.3%), cataract (7%), macular edema (7.8%) and retinal necrosis (1.7%). An infectious entity was suspected in 27.8% of cases. Among these patients, a viral infection was suspected in 11.6% of cases followed by toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in 10.2% of cases. A noninfectious etiology was proposed in 46% of cases, including B27‐like uveitis in 15.5% of cases. Conclusions: Even though classical forms of acute anterior uveitis are still referred to tertiary eye care centres, severe presentations of posterior or panuveitis should be managed properly. Initial ophthalmological examination is a key step for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these patients. An infectious etiology may be easily suspected and should be excluded before the further use of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs.
Intermedial uveitis: clinical course in ten years follow up
Authors: VIDOVIC VALENTINCIC N , KRAUT A , HAWLINA M , STUNF S , ROTHOVA A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Intermedial uveitis (IU) is a chronic ocular disorder of unknown origin with frequent development of macular edema. The long term course of IU is not yet known and is a subject of this study Methods: Retrospective study of 28 patients with IU (12 males, 16 females; 49 affected eyes) in whom a follow up of at least 10 years starting with the onset of IU was available. Results: The average age at the onset of IU was 37. Five patients had an associated systemic disease (2 sarcoidosis and 3 multiple sclerosis). At onset bilateral involvement was observed in 20/28 (71%) patients. Visual acuity (VA) of more than 0.8 was noted in 19/48 (39%) affected eyes; and VA of less than 0.1 in 2/48 (4%) affected eyes. Systemic treatment with immunosuppressant drugs was required in 7/28 cases (25%) and 13 eyes underwent one or more surgical procedures (cataract surgery in 10 eyes, pars plana vitrectomy in 2 eyes, scleral buckling in 1 eye). At ten‐year follow‐up VA of more than 0.8 was noted in 22/49 (45%) affected eyes; and VA of less than 0.1 in 10/49 (8%) affected eyes. The causes of visual loss included predominantly cataract, macular edema and vitreous opacities. Moreover, during the ten‐year follow up intraocular inflammation diminished in 10/28 (36%) patients. The mean time to remission was 5.4 years (range 2‐12 years). During the follow up, systemic disease sarcoidosis and multiple sclerosis manifested in two additional patients. Conclusions: The main complication of IU consisted of cataract, followed by macular edema and vitreous opacities. Within ten‐year of follow‐up one third of patient with IU achieved the long‐term remission of the intraocular inflammation.
Diagnostic methodology
Authors: TOMLINSON A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The Diagnostic Methodology Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) identified tests used to screen, diagnose and monitor dry eye disease, and established criteria for test performance and considered of the utility of tests in clinical settings. Methods: The Subcommittee, created a database of tests for diagnosis and monitoring dry eye, each test was compiled by an expert in the field (rapporteur) and presented within a standard template. The completed database is searchable by an alphabetical list of test names, as well as by functional groupings, for instance, tests of aqueous dynamics, lipid functions, etc. The templates can be accessed on the website of the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society (www.tearfilm.org). Results: The limitations of the effectiveness of tests in the diagnosis of dry eye and the factors which affect the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of tests are discussed. Ways in which sensitivity and specificity can be optimised are illustrated in relation to diagnosis by tear hyperosmolarity. Conclusions: A number of diagnostic tests, used singly and in combination, are available for the screening and diagnosis of dry eye disease; these are presented within a standard template prepared by DEWS.
Aspects of safety of riboflavin‐UVA crosslinking of the cornea
Authors: SPOERL E , MROCHEN M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To investigate potential damages to ocular tissue during corneal collagen crosslinking (X‐linking) by means of the riboflavin/UVA (370 nm) approach. Methods: Comparison of the currently used technique with officially accepted guidelines regarding direct UV‐damages (without riboflavin) and the damages created by the induced free radicals (photochemical damage). Results: The currently used UVA dose density of 5.4 J/cm² and the corresponding irradiance of 3 mW/cm² without riboflavin is below the known damage thresholds of UVA for the corneal endothelium, lens, and retina. Regarding the photochemical damages due to the free radicals, the damage thresholds for keratocytes and endothelial cells are 0.45 mW/cm² and 0.35 mW/cm². In a 400 μm thick cornea saturated with riboflavin the irradiance at the endothelial level is 0.18 mW/cm² which is a factor of 2 smaller than the damage threshold. Conclusions: After corneal X‐linking the stroma is depopulated of keratocytes approximately 300 microns deep. Repopulation of this area takes up to 6 months. As long as the cornea treated has a minimum thickness of 400 microns (as recommended) the corneal endothelium will not experience damages nor will deeper structures such as lens or retina. The light source should provide a homogenous irradiance avoiding hot spots which may locally destruct the endothelium.
Micromorphological analysis of cross‐linked cornea by in vivo scanning laser
Authors: MAZZOTTA C , CAPOROSSI A , BAIOCCHI S , CAPOROSSI O 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: to assess In vivo micromorphological corneal modifications and healing process after Riboflavin‐UVA collagen cross‐linking in 44 human patients with progressive keratoconus, by means of HRT II scanning laser system confocal microscopy Methods: Second phase prospective non randomised open study in 44 keratoconus patients treated and assessed as described in PURPOSE at Siena University. Treatment in topical anaesthesia included a 9 mm diameter epithelial debridement, instillation of 0.1% Riboflavin phosphate ‐ 20% dextran T 500 solution 15 minutes before UVA irradiation and every 5 min. Radiant energy was 3 mW/cm2 or 5.4 Joule/cm2 min, exposure time 30 min. The source was a led UVA illuminator 370 nm developed by Caporossi Baiocchi and Mazzotta X Linker (CSO). After removal of the soft contact lens, all patients were assessed by HRT II system confocal microscopy in vivo at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Results: Disappearance of stromal nerves was observed in the central irradiated area of 9 mm. Six months after, the stroma was recolonised by nerve fibres with restoration of normal corneal sensitivity clinically detectable. Rarefaction of keratocytes in the anterior‐mid stroma, associated with edema was observed. Keratocytes repopulation in the central treated start 3 months after the operation becoming complete at about 6 months. The incresed reflectivity of extracellular matrix in all cases represent the most important indirect sign of a crosslinked cornea. Conclusions: HRT II system confocal microscopy confirm in vivo corneal reinnervation, keratocytes repopulation of the stroma and the real depth of tratment. Healing process, limbal stem cells and transient haze were also analyzed for a complete safety evaluation of the method.
Crosslinking in iatrogenic keratectasia after LASIK: pregnancy‐related exacerbation
Authors: HAFEZI F , SEILER T 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Corneal collagen crosslinking can arrest the progression of LASIK‐induced keratectasia. We report a patient who developed bilateral iatrogenic keratectasia only during her first pregnancy at three years after initial LASIK. We performed bilateral corneal collagen crosslinking. In the following two consecutive years, keratectasia remained stable and even regressed. Upon her second pregnancy at two years after crosslinking, keratectasia exacerbated again. Methods: We performed corneal collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and UVA in March 2005 (right eye) and April 2005 (left eye) as described previously. Results: UV‐induced crosslinking led to an arrest and regression of keratectasia progression over a postoperative follow‐up period of 22 months, which was demonstrated by stable pre‐ and postoperative corneal topography and reduction of maximal K readings. However, in the fifth month of the patient’s second pregnancy, keratectasia exacerbated again. Conclusions: We report the first case of exacerbation of keratectasia after corneal collagen crosslinking. Remarkably, exacerbation occurred during pregnancy indicating that hormonal changes might affect biomechanical stability of the cornea.
Reconstruction and replacement of the ocular surface
Authors: DUA HS 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To describe a protocol for the reconstruction and replacement of the ocular surface (OS) Methods: Corneal epithelial stem cell deficiency (SCD) can result in a number of changes ranging from metaplastic corneal epithelium to complete corneal breakdown. Diagnosis of SCD is essentially clinical. Demonstration of goblet cells in corneal epithelium by impression cytology or biopsy is confirmatory. The extent of SCD is defined as unilateral or bilateral and partial (visual axis affected or spared) or total. Evaluation of the thickness and clarity of the corneal stroma underlying the fibrovascular pannus, the visual potential by electrophysiological tests, the intraocular pressure, workup of the patient for imunosuppession and HLA typing of the patient and potential living related donors are also required before embarking on treatment. Results: For Partial SCD where the visual axis is involved, Sequential Sector Conjunctival Epitheliectomy is indicated. For total unilateral cases auto limbal transplantation is the treatment of choice and for total bilateral cases allo‐limbal, cadaver or living related donor transplants are indicated. Amniotic membrane as a patch or graft and ex‐vivo expanded cell sheets can also be used.Associated lid abnormalities, symblepharon (buccal mucosa graft), glaucoma and cataract should ideally be dealt with prior to undertaking OS restorative surgery. When a corneal graft is needed it is best done as a second procedure after the ocular surface has been restored. When an intumescent cataract is associated with raised pressure, corneal gafting may become a necessity if a dense fibravascular pannus or corneal scar precludes visualisation of the interior of the eye. Longterm immunosuppession is usually required Conclusions: This approach provides the best chance of success
The DSAEK development and its modification for improved endothelial survival
Authors: BUSIN M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect on postoperative endothelial survival of a modified DSAEK technique for the insertion of the donor tissue into the anterior chamber. Methods: Twenty consecutive patients undergoing DSAEK and with a minimum follow‐up of 12 months are included in this study. The first 6 patients were operated on with a standard technique, including the so‐called “taco” manoeuvre to introduce the donor tissue folded and held with a special forceps into the anterior chamber. In the following 34 patients surgery was modified by using a crocodile vitreous forceps to “drag” the donor graft into the anterior chamber in various ways. The cornea module of the HRT II system (Heidelberg, Germany) was used to perform endothelial cell counts in all patients, 12 months after surgery (3 counts were made for each examination an the results averaged). The results were analyzed statistically with an unpaired Student’s t‐test. Results: Endothelial cell loss varied between 28% and 75% in the first group (2 grafts showed evident clinical signs of endothelial decompensation and were exchanged) and between 16% and 24% in the second group. The difference between the two groups was highly significant (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Endothelial cell survival after DSAEK can be substantially improved by reducing surgical manipulation at the time of insertion of the donor graft into the anterior chamber.
DLEK to DSEK to DMEK
Authors: MELLES GRJ , ONG TS , VERVERS B , VAN DER WEES J 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To describe the preliminary clinical results of selective transplantation of organ cultured donor Descemet membrane (DM) carrying autologous corneal endothelium through a 3.5 mm incision, tentatively named Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), for the management of corneal endothelial disorders.Design: Non‐randomized clinical trial. Methods: In ten patients with Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, DMEK was performed. A 3.5 mm clear corneal tunnel incision was made, the anterior chamber was filled with air, and DM was stripped off from the posterior stroma. A 9.0 mm diameter DM roll was harvested from an organ cultured donor corneo‐scleral rim, and inserted into a recipient anterior chamber. The donor tissue was gently unfolded, positioned onto the posterior stroma, and secured by completely filling the anterior chamber with air for 30 minutes. Results: At one month, six eyes had a best corrected visual acuity of 0.5 (20/40) or better, and three eyes reached 1.0 (20/20) or better. At six months, the endothelial cell density averaged 2030 (± 373) cells/mm2 (n=7). Three eyes showed a complete detachment of the donor tissue in the early postoperative course, that was managed by removal of the transplant and a secondary Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty procedure. Conclusions: DMEK may have potential to become the most preferable technique to manage corneal endothelial disorders, because it provides quick and nearly complete visual rehabilitation. Since the donor tissue required can be prepared from organ cultured corneo‐scleral rims, the procedure may be readily accessable to most corneal surgeons.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Ultrasonic Biomicroscopy in corneal diseases
Authors: NUBILE M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To present the utility of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography Visante (AS‐OCT) in the imaging of the human cornea. Methods: UBM and OCT analysis of healthy and pathological corneas are investigated, with the aim to define morphological/morphometric patterns of clinical relevance. Results: Cross sectional scans provided by UBM and Visante OCT enable morphological investigations of the cornea, ocular surface, and anterior chamber. Particularly AS‐OCT allows morphometric and quantitative analysis of the entire cornea, without invasiveness, together with corneal pachymetric maps. The anatomical relationships between the cornea and the adjacent anterior segment structures can be evaluated also in cases of loss of corneal transparency. Quantitative parameters can be obtained in cases of progressive corneal thinning, in degenerative and ulcerative diseases, descemetoceles, corneal oedema, and in the evaluation of post‐surgical corneal anatomy, such as lamellar interfaces, keratoplasties, ocular surface reconstruction, and amniotic membrane transplantation. Dynamic evaluations, over time, clearly allows clinicians to objectively assess variations of the corneal parameters (i.e. overall and sublayer thicknesses, lesion size, wound healing of stromal and transplanted tissues). Conclusions: UBM and AS‐OCT are complementary analysis to biomicroscopy, and furnish morphometric and objective parameters also when the cornea is opaque. Being non‐contact, and providing a higher resolution, AS‐OCT should be preferred in the investigation of acutely diseased or surgically treated corneas. Cross sectional morphology, tissue reflectivity assessment and precise measurements are the main advantages over traditional slit‐lamp examination.
Applications of adaptive‐optics in ophthalmology
Authors: CHATEAU N 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: This presentation reviews the current and potential applications of adaptive optics (AO) in the area of ophthalmology. Methods: AO was invented by astrophysicists in order to eliminate image blur and twinkling in large terrestrial telescopes. This technique cancels the optical distortions that are introduced by the earth atmosphere, a turbid and inhomogeneous medium, in the light emitted by distant stars. Like the atmosphere, the human eye is optically imperfect: it suffers from wavefront aberrations whose pattern and amount differ between individuals. This is the reason why AO has met several applications in ophthalmology. One part of the AO technology consists in measuring the distortions of light using a wavefront sensor: this technique has been integrated into wavefront aberrometers that routinely improve the precision of LASIK procedures. Results: The full implementation of AO has recently led to other breakthrough devices. AO visual simulators are enhanced aberrometers that allow patients to visualize, at the pre‐operative stage, the expected outcome of refractive surgery procedures, including presbyopic ablations. Several research laboratories have implemented AO to improve the resolution of various retinal imaging techniques (fundus camera, SLO, OCT) up to the scale of single retinal cells. Three‐dimensional images of cone photoreceptors have recently been obtained with a resolution of 3μm, both in the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the retinal tissue. Aside from this world‐record, the presentation will also address the limitations of the technique and describe some of the work in progress towards the clinical applications of AO technology. Conclusions: AO technology will likely provide new devices that meet unsatisfied needs in refractive surgery and retinal disagnostics.
Sports and wavefront aberrometry
Authors: GICQUEL JJ , DIGHIERO PL 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: In this paper we study the future applications of wavefront aberrometry in high‐level sportsmen and in Tennis pros in particular Methods: We compare the level of ocular aberrations between a group of International junior french tennis players from the « Pôle France » to Amateur Tennis Players of the same age, with a Shack‐Hartman aberrometer: IRX‐3 (Imagine Eyes ®). We try find if in the tennis pros group there is a correlation between the level of ocular aberrations and athletic performance. Results: Compared to the literature data on normal subjects, the global level of ocular aberrations (total RMS) of professional tennis players is very low; but is not statisticaly different compared with our control group (amateur tennis players). Though non corrected monocular and binocular vision acuity is higher in the tennis pros group, theyr total RMS is not statistically different from the one of amateurs.However, professional tennis players present with less high order aberration than amateurs.We found a significant correlation between the level of ocular aberrations and tennis performance in the International tennis players group. Conclusions: We found that the specific population of young international tennis players seems to have a natural « Supervision ». The good visual performances of these subjects are not correlated with a complete absence of ocular aberrations, but they present with very low level of high order aberrations.Associations of selected ocular aberrations might even be beneficial. Aberrations distribution in this population may help define new standards for specific sport aptitudes.