Abstract 6751: In situ vaccination with Flt3l gene modified CD103+ type 1 conventional dendritic cells synergizes with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade in murine models of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Abascal Jensen W. , Lim Raymond J. , Salehi-Rad Ramin , Jing Zhe , Oh Michael S. , Crosson William P. , Kahangi Bitta P. , Reyes Edgar Perez , Dumitras Camelia , Reyimjan Diana , Zhu Jessie , Tran Linh M. , Paul Manash , Krysan Kostyantyn , Liu Bin , Dubinett Steven M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A major hurdle in treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is a lack of response (primary resistance) and relapse after an initial response (acquired resistance). Recent studies reveal that responses to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade are associated with high tumor mutational burden (TMB), increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and high baseline PD-L1 expression within the tumor microenvironment (TME), while impaired tumor antigen presentation and the immunosuppressive TME have been associated with resistance to ICB. One approach to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance is to intratumorally vaccinate NSCLC tumors with gene modified conventional dendritic cells (cDC), specifically the type I conventional DC (cDC1) lineage. Recent studies have established that generation of an anti-tumor immune response driven by CD8+ T cells requires the cross presentation of tumor associated antigens and that cDC1s are the primary cross presenting APC subtype in vivo, which can license CD8+ T cells to initiate an adaptive anti-tumor immune response. In addition, previous studies have shown that intratumoral administration of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L) protein can expand endogenous CD103+ cDC1s in the TME and augment anti-tumor immune responses to ICB therapy. Here, we engineered murine CD103+ cDC1s to constitutively secrete soluble FLT3L (FLT3L_cDC1) and performed in situ vaccination studies on anti-PD1 resistant murine models of NSCLC with LKB1-deficiency and elevated TMB that better represents human disease. In situ vaccination with FLT3L_cDC1 enhances anti-tumor efficacy compared to non-modified cDC1 vaccination and synergizes with anti-PD-1 ICB to inhibit tumor growth. FLT3L_cDC1 + anti-PD-1 combination therapy induces significant activation and expansion T cells and cDC1s within the TME. Furthermore, combination therapy significantly increases DC progenitor numbers within the tumor draining lymph node, including DC progenitors that are committed to the cDC1 lineage. Our data suggests in situ vaccination with FLT3L_cDC1 may represent a promising strategy to potentiate the efficacy of ICB and improve outcomes for patients with primary resistance PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy.
Citation Format: Jensen W. Abascal, Raymond J. Lim, Ramin Salehi-Rad, Zhe Jing, Michael S. Oh, William P. Crosson, Bitta P. Kahangi, Edgar Perez Reyes, Camelia Dumitras, Diana Reyimjan, Jessie Zhu, Linh M. Tran, Manash Paul, Kostyantyn Krysan, Bin Liu, Steven M. Dubinett. In situ vaccination with Flt3l gene modified CD103+ type 1 conventional dendritic cells synergizes with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade in murine models of non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6751.