bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Statistical Analysis of Dividend in Chosen Companies Listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Authors: Łuniewska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2008

A Statistical Analysis of Dividend in Chosen Companies Listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
The capital market appeared in Poland relatively not far ago, so it is the young market and is not shaped well. Although, the development rate does not satisfy all the believers of the capital market, it should be emphasized that this market is functioning and is developing. Market indicators are a significant element of the market analysis performed by means of fundamental analysis. The aim of this article is to study the statistic regularity in the scope of indicators connected with a dividend. In Poland dividend is not discussed often and indicators connected with dividend are practically not used in stock analysis. This study will show the usefulness of these measures in the analysis connected with investment on the stock exchange market. The analyses are conducted for some dividend variables on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (dividend rate of return and pay indicators, stopping and re-investment). The analyses concern data in the period of 2000÷2006. Some statistical parameters to detect statistical regularity for dividend rate of return and pay indicators, stopping and re-investment on the Warsaw Stock Exchange are used in the paper. The author tried to analyse the relation between selected variables too. The study should make it possible to decide if measures such as dividend rate of return and pay indicators, stopping and re-investment are unquestionably important and useful in stock analysis. It is particularly important from the point of view of long-term investment, as well as the fundamental analysis. They should be included in the group of market indicators in case of statistically significant influence of measures connected with a dividend on investment profitability. This leads to the possibility of significant growth of an investment that can turn out profitable on the capital market.
Similarities Between Quality and Health Promoting Compounds as a Result to Stress
Authors: Tijskens L. , Simčič M. , Schouten R. 
Published: May 2008

Similarities Between Quality and Health Promoting Compounds as a Result to Stress
Antioxidants are produce by plants as a defence mechanism against stress. It is not unlikely that quality related properties are related to that stress induced production system (secondary metabolites). Based on purely theoretical considerations and on scarce information from literature and experts, a highly speculative model was developed to investigate the possible importance of stress levels on the production of health promoting compounds and quality related properties. Simulations with that model, using completely arbitrary parameter values showed that a relation exist between applied stress and production of these beneficiary compounds.
Influence of Flat Covers and Sowing Density on Yield and Chemical Composition of Garlic Cultivated for Bundle-Harvest
Authors: Rekowska Ewa , Skupień Katarzyna 
Published: May 2008

Influence of Flat Covers and Sowing Density on Yield and Chemical Composition of Garlic Cultivated for Bundle-Harvest
In 2003-2005 years the experiment of influence of flat covers usage (non-woven polypropylene and perforated polyethylene film) and clove sowing rate (20x2, 20x4, 20x6, 20x8 cm) on quantity and quality of garlic yield cultivated for bundle-harvest was carried out.
Covering with non-woven polypropylene and perforated film was found to increase the yield of spring garlic cv ‘Jarus’ by 24.5% in comparison to open-field cultivation (control). Nevertheless the film type covered plants were higher, produced more leaves and longer leaves what resulted in higher weight per plant.
On the other hand the leaves of garlic grown in open field contained significantly higher amount of dry matter and vitamin C compared to covered ones.
Marketable yield of garlic was also considerably dependent of clove sowing rate. The highest yield was observed while 20x2 cm density was applied. However, significantly longest leaves and highest weight per plant were obtained at 20x4 cm sowing rate.
Influence of Plant Covering on Some Organic Compound Content and Pungency of Shallot Grown for Bunching Harvest
Authors: Jadczak Dorota , Wójcik-stopczyńska Barbara 
Published: May 2008

Influence of Plant Covering on Some Organic Compound Content and Pungency of Shallot Grown for Bunching Harvest
Quantity and quality of yield of shallot grown for bunching harvest with the use of covers was examined. There were two types of covers used: perforated polyethylene film (0.03 mm thick; with 100 holes per 1 m2) and polypropylene non-woven fabric. The control plants were shallots grown without cover. After harvest the content of dry matter, L-ascorbic acid, total and reducing sugars, saccharose and pyruvic acid was determined. The results of the study showed that there was no significant effect of covering plants with perforated polyethylene film or polypropylene non-woven fabric on the dry matter, sugars and L-ascorbic acid content in the shallots grown for bunching harvest. Also, covers used in the experiment did not have an influence on the level of pungency of shallots. However, the weather conditions of each year of the study had a significant effect on the content of the analysed compounds. Plants grown in 2004 had five times more L-ascorbic acid than plants grown in 2003. Inversely, total sugars content in 2003 was twice higher than in 2004.
Moreover it was proved that, the correlation between total sugars content and pungency of shallot grown for bunching harvest was significant (r= -0.9097).
Effect of Storage Duration and Temperature on Sets Loss and Bolting of Onion
Authors: Krawiec Marcela 
Published: May 2008

Effect of Storage Duration and Temperature on Sets Loss and Bolting of Onion
Onion sets of two cultivars - Rawska and Jetset F1 were calibrated into three grades depending on the diameter of onion (11-15, 16-20 and 21-25 mm). From October to March, sets were kept in the following conditions: I - 24 weeks at 0-1°C, II - 15 weeks at 0-1°C, then 9 weeks at 18-20°C, III - 11 weeks at 0-1°C, then 13 weeks at 18-20°C, IV - 24 weeks at 18-20°C. The storage loss caused by complete drying up, sprouting into leaves and occurrence of disease symptoms were determined. The sets left over after evaluation of storage loss were planted in the field in order to determine bolting of onion. Cold storage (0-1°C) for 24 weeks reduced loss but stimulated bolting. In the case of Jetset F1, warm storage (18-20°C) for the last 9 weeks of the 24 weeks' experimental storage period practically eliminated bolting. The sets of Rawska required longer exposures of 18-20°C at the end of storage for suppressing of inflorescence development than Jetset F1. The smaller onion sets were kept the shorter the duration of warm storage required to reduce bolting. The longer onion sets were stored at 18-20°C the greater storage loss were noted.
The Effect of the Method of Leaves Removing on Storage Ability of Hamburg Parsley
Authors: Gruszecki Robert 
Published: May 2008

The Effect of the Method of Leaves Removing on Storage Ability of Hamburg Parsley
In the experiment carried out in the seasons of 2002-2006 the effect of method of leaves removing on storage life of Hamburg parsley was examined. The leaves of parsley roots were removed by three methods: twisting off, complete cutting the leaves off and also leaving 2 cm sections of petioles. No effect of the method of leaves removing on the share of marketable roots (healthy and healthy with leaves) after the storage was found. However, the method of leaves removing influenced the share of healthy roots without leaves significantly. The highest share of such roots was found when the leaves were completely cut out (78.2%). The share of rotten roots was not influenced by the method of leaves removing. The method of leaves removing affected the weight loss. The highest weight loss were found after the storage of roots with 2 cm sections of petioles (5.5%).
The Effect of Blanching, Freezing and Freeze-Storage on Changes of Some Chemical Compounds Content in New Zealand Spinach
Authors: Grzeszczuk Monika , Jadczak Dorota , Podsiadło Cezary 
Published: May 2008

The Effect of Blanching, Freezing and Freeze-Storage on Changes of Some Chemical Compounds Content in New Zealand Spinach
The aim of the work conducted in 2003-2004 was the estimation of the effect of blanching, freezing and freeze-storage on the content of chosen chemical compounds in plants of New Zealand spinach grown from seedlings. The determinations included dry matter, total protein, L-ascorbic acid, titrable acidity, total sugars, crude fibre, total ash, pH, nitrates, nitrites and chlorophyll content in the experimental material (fresh, blanched, frozen and stored shoots with leaves of New Zealand spinach). Used in the experiment procedures had a significant effect on changes of dry matter, total protein, L-ascorbic acid, titrable acidity, total sugars, crude fibre, total ash content and pH. After blanching their losses reached respectively: 34.9, 6.7, 70.2, 45.0, 56.3, 19.3, 52.9%, in relation to the raw material. However, the value of pH increased to 6.75. After freezing the losses, in relation to the blanched material, were: 21.7% for total protein, 21.4% - L-ascorbic acid, 27.3% - titrable acidity, 42.9% - total sugars, 4.5% - crude fibre, 2.5% - total ash, and pH decreased to 6.45. Frozen material was stored for 3, 6 and 9 months in a freezing chamber at -25 ÷ -27°C. The period of storage did not have statistically significant effect on the preservation of determined chemical components.
Chemical Composition and Quality of Cultivated and Natural Blueberry Fruit in Estonia
Authors: Starast Marge , Karp Kadri , Vool Ele , Moor Ulvi , Tonutare Tonu , Paal Taimi 
Published: May 2008

Chemical Composition and Quality of Cultivated and Natural Blueberry Fruit in Estonia
Nutrition studies suggest that blueberries help keep us healthy and these possible health benefits may be due to the antioxidant capacity as well as other natural compounds in blueberry fruit. Different taxa of Vaccinium species (Bilberry - Vaccinium myrtillus L.; lowbush blueberry - Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.; half-highbush blueberry - Vaccinium corymbosum x Vaccinium angustifolium ‘Northblue’ and ‘Northcountry’) were analyzed for surface color, size, sugars, titratable acidity, soluble solids, fat, protein, vitamins and anthocyanin content. The blueberry fruit were harvested from three commercial blueberry plantations and from one natural habitat in 2003. The fruit of V. angustifolium were collected from two different areas: one plantation was located on mineral soil and the other on peat soil (abandoned peat pits). The anthocyanin content ranged from 125 to 405 mg·100 g-1 of fresh berry in different species and cultivars. Half-highbush blueberry ‘Northblue’ had the largest berry size but ascorbic acid and anthocyanin contents were low. V. myrtillus had the lowest total energy value, but the highest anthocyanin content. Glucose and fructose content was higher in fruit of V. angustifolium compared with the other species. The soil type (mineral or peat soil) did not affect anthocyanin and ascorbic acid content of V. angustifolium fruit but titratable acids and moisture content was higher in fruit of V. angustifolium grown on peat soil, compared with mineral soil.
Firmness and Antioxidant Capacity of Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Grown on Three Types of Organic Bed
Authors: Grajkowski Józef , Ochman Ireneusz , Muliński Zbigniew 
Published: May 2008

Firmness and Antioxidant Capacity of Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Grown on Three Types of Organic Bed
An experiment was carried out in 2004-2005 to study the influence of bed and storage on fruit quality of highbush blueberry ‘Patriot’. The bushes were grown on three different types of organic bed irrigated with acidified water (pH 2.4-3.7). Measurements were made of firmness, size and antioxidant capacity (nmol Trolox·g-1). The measurements were carried out at harvest and then at one and two weeks of cold storage. Firmness measurements were taken on the fruit equatorial (diameter) axis. Fruit from bushes growing on peat had the highest firmness values while fruit from bushes growing on Cocoa husk had the lowest. Comparisons were made of firmness using either the equatorial or polar (stem-calyx) axis of the blueberry. It was found that the polar axis measurements were over two times higher than the equatorial axis. Storing highbush blueberries in a cold room is essential in maintaining firmness. The average fruit size of ‘Patriot’ was between 11.2 mm and 13.4 mm in height and 17.7 mm to 21.1 mm in diameter.
Fruit harvested from bushes planted on peat had the highest antioxidant capacity with the lowest coming from bushes planted on Cocoa husk (nmol Trolox·g-1). There was no significant difference in antioxidant activity from harvest to the end of the storage period.
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Apple Fruit Maturity on the Tree
Authors: Geyer Martin , Herold Bernd , Zude Manuela , Truppel Ingo 
Published: May 2008

Non-Destructive Evaluation of Apple Fruit Maturity on the Tree
The evaluation of apple fruit maturity (Malus domestica Borkh.) is based on destructive analyses, analysing starch conversion, fruit flesh firmness and Brix value. Specific threshold values exist for each cultivar and according to post-harvest treatment and storage. A rapid non-destructive method to evaluate the fruit maturity could be very important to obtain more reliable results. Since miniaturised spectrometer modules were available, visible/near infrared spectroscopy has been used to build up portable spectrometer equipment.
Measurements were carried in weekly intervals on three cultivars in a commercial orchard in 2003 to 2005 during the period from August to October. The fruit maturity stage was described by two non-destructive spectral indices i) the chlorophyll decrease and ii) the anthocyanins increase. Both indices demonstrated the high variability of fruit maturity stage in orchard. The characteristics of several apple cultivars could be used to evaluate the actual differences in maturity stage. The spectral indices pointed out the influence of fruit yield and of temperature on the fruit maturity.
The Effect of Rootstocks on the Fruit Characteristic Attributes of ‘Jonica’ Apples
Authors: Skrzyński Jan , Gąstoł Maciej 
Published: May 2008

The Effect of Rootstocks on the Fruit Characteristic Attributes of ‘Jonica’ Apples
Apples of ‘Jonica’ originated from mature trees grown on various vegetative rootstocks (M.9, M.26, P22, P 59 and P 60) were subjected to quality evaluations at harvest, after storage and after simulated shelf-life. Fruits were picked at optimum harvest date and stored accordingly to recommended in Poland for that cultivar conditions. At harvest, fruit with the highest flesh firmness were obtained from trees on P59, P22 and P60. The same effects of those rootstocks on providing higher firmness of fruits were observed after storage and additional shelf life period. Lower firmness values were noted in the case of fruit from trees on rootstocks M.9 and M.26, respectively. Total soluble contents of fruit from trees on P59, P22 were significantly higher than in the case of other rootstocks under study. Titratable acidity of fruits from trees on P59 and M.26 was higher than in fruits from other rootstocks.
Dry matter of fruit from trees grown on rootstock P59 were the highest, followed by fruit from P22 and M.9 respectively. Physiological disorders (bitter pit and breakdown) were noted during post-storage phase if only M.9 and M.26 rootstocks were used. Weight loses during storage due to transpiration and respiration did not show the effect of rootstocks. The lowest shares of sound fruit after storage and after simulated shelf life period were observed for fruit from trees grafted on rootstock M.9.
Changes of Acceptability of ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Gala’ Apples During Storage in Normal Atmosphere
Authors: Konopacka Dorota , Rutkowski Krzysztof , Płocharski Witold 
Published: May 2008

Changes of Acceptability of ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Gala’ Apples During Storage in Normal Atmosphere
Proper development of storage marketing strategy for apples for fresh fruit market requires not only detailed information on dynamics of changes of objective quality indices during storage but also on their impact on consumer acceptability. The experiment was aimed at determination of ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Gala’ apple quality in relation to length of cold storage.
Apples were harvested at optimal stage of ripeness and their quality was estimated monthly starting from the day when fruit were picked up to 6 months of storage. Tests were made after cold storage at 0°C and after 7 days shelf-life at 18°C. Beside measurement of the most important parameters such as firmness, soluble solids, and acidity the studies covered measurements of changes of weight of single fruit, instrumental measurement of juiciness and sensory acceptability of texture and flavour made concurrently on laboratory scale and in semi-consumer tests (in a group of 40 respondents).
The largest decreases of firmness and juiciness were observed in the first and second month of storage. Changes of acidity and weight losses were proportional to storage period, while soluble solids changes were rather small and the direction depended on storage length. It was proved that the highest score for sensory acceptability received apples stored in cold room for one month. Slightly lower score obtained fruits tested directly after picking and after 2 months of storage. With extension of storage of fruit in the cold room sensory acceptability of both cultivars decreased when judged either by expert panel or by consumers.
According to the present fruit growers custom fruits of both cultivars after storage in normal atmosphere would be directed to retailers not earlier that at the end of December or beginning of January (i.e. after at least 3 months of storage), when their quality evidently decreases, and average consumer purchasing fruits in a store or at local market has no chance to esteem potential values of such popular cultivars as ‘Gala’ and ‘Jonagold’.
The Influence of Storage Conditions and 1-MCP Treatment on Ethylene Evolution and Fruit Quality in ‘Gala’ Apples
Authors: Wawrzyńczak Anna , Jóźwiak Zbigniew , Rutkowski Krzysztof 
Published: May 2008

The Influence of Storage Conditions and 1-MCP Treatment on Ethylene Evolution and Fruit Quality in ‘Gala’ Apples
The effect of storage conditions and 1-MCP treatment on ethylene production and quality of ‘Gala’ apples stored in normal and controlled atmosphere conditions was evaluated during two successive seasons, 2001/2002 and 2002/2003. Apples were harvested in a commercial stage and cooled down to a temperature of 1°C. After that there were treated with 1-MCP in a concentration of 0.625 μl·L-1 for 24 hours. Treated and untreated (control) apples were stored for 120 and 180 days in the cold storage rooms at 2±0.5°C under normal atmosphere (NA) conditions or controlled atmosphere (CA) with 2% O2 and 2% CO2. Directly after storage and after shelf life (additionally 7 days at 18°C) internal ethylene concentration (IEC) and activity of ACC oxidase were determined. The following quality parameters were recorded as well: flesh firmness (FF), total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA).
Application of 1-MCP after harvest strongly inhibited ACC oxidase in apples following storage in air or controlled atmosphere for 120 and 180 days. This inhibition was also noted after 7 days of shelf life. There was no reduction in ACC oxidase activity of CA stored apples in comparison to NA stored, but the IEC directly after storage was lower for fruits stored in CA conditions than for fruits stored in NA. Internal ethylene concentration was significantly lower for the 1-MCP treated fruits, both directly after storage in NA or CA and after shelf life. The application of 1-MCP delayed softening and loss of titratable acidity in ‘Gala’ apples stored in NA and CA conditions. There was no clear effect of 1-MCP treatment on total soluble solids content in stored ‘Gala’ apples
Effects of Postharvest Curing Treatment on Quality of Citrus Fruit
Authors: Nunes Carla , García José , Manso Teresa , Torres Rosário , Olmo Manolo , Usall Josep 
Published: May 2008

Effects of Postharvest Curing Treatment on Quality of Citrus Fruit
In this study we evaluated the effect of temperature and time on oranges decay development of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, the most postharvest diseases of citrus fruit. The assays carried out in inoculated ‘Valencia late’ oranges showed in both seasons an excellent control of both pathogens, when fruits were exposed to treatments at 40°C for 18 h, and stores for 5 days at 5°C plus 7 days at 20°C. Concerning quality changes slightly effects were observed on fruits submitted to curing treatment. These results suggest that this treatment could be an environmental friendly alternative to chemical fungicides in oranges packinghouses.
Regeneration and Evaluation of Androgenetic Plants of Head Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata L.)
Authors: Górecka Krystyna , Krzyżanowska Dorota , Kowalska Urszula 
Published: May 2008

Regeneration and Evaluation of Androgenetic Plants of Head Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata L.)
Plant regeneration from head cabbage embryos obtained in anther culture, the way of colchicine using for doubling number of chromosomes in haploid plants and estimation of the double haploid plants with regard to vigour, typicality of leaves and fertility were worked out. The best medium for plant regeneration from androgenetic embryos was B5 medium, enriched with sucrose 20 g.L-1 and kinetin 20 mg.L-1. On this medium, the highest number of embryos formed shoots, usually several from 1 embryo, particularly in subsequent passages. The most effective method of doubling the number of chromosomes was soaking the roots of young plants, when they had 5-6 leaves in a 0.1% hydrous solution of colchicine with 4.0% DMSO and 25 ppm GA3, for 20 hrs. The tested cultivars of head cabbage differed considerably with regard to the vigour of the plants obtained from anther culture. The highest number of plants characterized by strong vigour was observed in the cultivar Langendijker. About 90% of head cabbage plants obtained from androgenetic embryos had typical leaves and the differences between the cultivars in this aspect were insignificant. The highest number of androgenetic androfertile plants was found in the cultivar Sława z Enkhuizen.
The genotype was the factor which had an impact in the processes examined: ability to shoot proliferation, rooting, the sensitivity to colchicine treatment, vigour of produced doubled haploid plants and their fertility.