bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promotion of pseudomycelium formation of Candida albicans in culture: a morphological study of the effects of miconazole and ketoconazole
Authors: Borgers M , De Brabander M , Van Den Bossche H , Van Cutsem J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The effects of miconazole and its new derivative ketoconazole on Candida albicans have been evaluated by light and electron microscopy.
The growth characteristics and morphology of C. albicans in culture for various periods of time in a solution consisting of Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with amino acids and fetal calf serum are emphasized. This medium, normally used for culturing mammalian cells, promotes a rather fast growth of C. albicans and favours the development of pseudomycelium. The obvious interest in using such culture conditions for drug evaluation is the prevalence of pseudomycelium, which in vivo is the predominant pathological form of C. albicans. Suppression of pseudomycelium formation is found in the 10−9 to 10−7m concentration range of the imidazoles. Growth retardation and the destruction of both yeast and pseudomycelial forms brought about by incubating the cells with 10−9 to 10−4m of the drugs are reported. At low doses these changes include the alteration of cell division, an increase in cell volume and a progressive deterioration of subcellular organelles at the cell periphery. At higher doses the involvement of all other organelles is observed finally leading to complete cell necrosis.
The delayed appearance of an antinuclear factor and the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus in glomerulonephritis
Authors: Cairns S A , Acheson E J , Corbett C L , Dosa S , Mallick N P , Lawler W , Williams G 
Published: December 2008

SummaryIn 11 patients who presented with apparently idiopathic glomerular disease the antinuclear factor (ANF) was absent initially but was eventually detected during observation extending over 6 years. In 4 patients a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has now been made and the disease treated. Of the remaining 7, 2 had conditions known to be associated with a positive ANF, and in 4, drug therapy induced the ANF. Clinical features, complement studies and measurement of anti-DNA antibody were of value in distinguishing those patients with SLE from the others.
Effect of bromocriptine on maturity onset diabetes
Authors: Barnett A H , Chapman C , Gailer K , Hayter C J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The effect of the dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, and the dopamine antagonist, metoclopramide, on glucose tolerance was examined in maturity onset diabetics and normal subjects. After bromocriptine there was a lowered fasting blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance in the diabetics. The controls showed an initial improvement in glucose tolerance. A reduction in insulin levels and a marked fall in plasma prolactin was observed in all subjects. Growth hormone concentrations were low and unaffected in the diabetics, and there was an inconsistent rise in the normals. After metoclopramide there was some impairment in glucose tolerance in the normal subjects, but this was not significant in the diabetics. There was also a marked prolactin release in all subjects, but no significant effect on insulin or growth hormone. It is concluded that bromocriptine lowers the blood glucose and improves glucose tolerance in maturity onset diabetics. This action may be the result of the lowered prolactin which occurred without a concomitant rise in growth hormone.
Studies in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia II. Lymphocyte markers, cellular and humoral immunity and the effect of treatment
Authors: Bazerbashi M B , Chanarin I , Denman A M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Observations were made on 15 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, 3 with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and 18 healthy controls. These include characterization of lymphocytes, assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immunity and the effect of treatment. Those responding to therapy showed a disappearance of ‘null’ lymphocytes from the blood with improvement in clinical and haematological parameters. Their immune capacity, however, remained unchanged or continued to deteriorate.
Aplastic anaemia: an analysis of 174 patients
Authors: Mir M A , Geary C G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The authors summarize their experience with 174 patients with aplastic anaemia (AA) with particular reference to course, prognostic factors, conversion to other blood disorders, treatment and outcome. Aplastic anaemia was defined as pancytopenia and a hypocellular marrow at some time during the illness. Seven patients terminated with acute leukaemia, 8 developed haematological features of sideroblastic anaemia and 5 showed a red cell membrane defect commonly found in paroxysmal noctural haemoglobinuria.
Complete recovery occurred in only 4 patients; 70 others showed a partial remission with some residual haematological abnormality in peripheral blood. Eighteen of these had spontaneous remission. Remission was brief in 27 patients who died; only 32 patients remained in partial remission. Twenty-five per cent. of the patients with AA run an acute course and die within 6 months of the time of diagnosis. The remainder run a subacute or chronic course, punctuated in some cases by a transient remission, but in others by a conversion to other related haematological disorders. An acute course is suggested by a rapid onset of symptoms, a falling neutrophil count, a haemoglobin level less than 5 g/dl and a very low platelet count. A chronic course is likely in those patients who have a slow onset of symptoms, a stable neutrophil count and a Hb level in excess of 5 g/dl. The authors’ experience shows that the disease runs either of the 2 courses irrespective of the supportive therapy.
T3 toxicosis presented by depression in an elderly woman
Authors: Portnoi V A 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
An elderly patient with thyrotoxicosis complicated by lack of classical clinical signs and normal conventional tests is described. The picture was compounded by development of apathy and depression. This is the second case report of apathetic T3 thyrotoxicosis in the literature. Such a clinical entity can easily be overlooked, but represents one of the treatable disorders of ‘old age depression’.
Lithium toxicity induced by triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Mehta B R , Robinson B H 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Two patients on long-term lithium therapy for manic-depressive psychosis developed serious toxicity within days of being prescribed a combination of triamterene (50 mg) and hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg) for mild symptomless hypertension. Reduced clearance of lithium has been reported to follow its concurrent administration with diuretics that deplete both sodium and potassium. A combination of triamterene with thiazide has not been shown previously to precipitate lithium toxicity.
Plasma bilirubin and serum free fatty acids after myocardial infarction
Authors: Cowan R E , Thompson R P H , Kaye J P , Hall R J C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Fasting concentrations of plasma bilirubin were measured in 34 patients on admission to hospital and daily for 7 days after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Mean concentrations increased significantly to reach maximum levels on the second day after admission, and fell during the following 5 days to reach the admission level by the 7th day. Unconjugated bilirubin accounted for most of this rise. Serum concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), measured simultaneously in 12 patients, were highest within 12 hr of the onset of symptoms, when their level was significantly higher than at any time after the first day. It is suggested that the transient hyperbilirubinaemia after uncomplicated myocardial infarction is frequent and may result from interference by FFA with bilirubin metabolism.
Studies on apparent free cortisol and testosterone in plasma from patients with breast tumours
Authors: Jones M K , Dyer G I , Ramsay I D , Collins W P 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The concentrations of cortisol and testosterone (total and apparent free) in peripheral venous plasma were measured in 147 women. The results showed that there were no significant differences in concentrations between women with normal breasts, those with histologically confirmed benign or malignant breast tumours and those with cancer at other sites. There was, however, a significant increase with age in the concentrations of total (P less than 0.005) and apparent free (P less than 0.02) cortisol.
Malakoplakia of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: McClure John 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The clinical and pathological features of 3 cases of colonic malakoplakia are documented thereby bringing to 34 the total of recorded cases of malakoplakia involving the gastrointestinal tract. This is therefore the most common site of involvement outside the urogenital tract. A comprehensive review of the world literature on gastrointestinal malakoplakia has been made and the characteristic features of the condition have been delineated. There was a bimodal age incidence with a small cluster of cases occurring in childhood and associated with significant additional systemic disease. In the adult cases the average age was 57 years with a slight excess of males. The most commonly involved part of the gastrointestinal tract was the colon and colonic carcinoma was the most common associated disease.
The changing pattern of toxicity of digoxin
Authors: Henry D A , Lowe J M , Lawson D H , Whiting B 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Toxicity to digoxin was monitored in 437 consecutive recipients in a comprehensive drug surveillance programme, Adverse reactions developed in 19.5% and, in contrast to previous reports, were generally of a relatively benign nature. There were no drug-related deaths, but patients with adverse reactions spent longer in hospital. Low body weight, impaired renal function, old age and concurrent use of diuretics individually did not increase the risk of toxicity. This was attributed to improvements in the prescribing of digoxin. There was a highly significant excess of gastrointestinal reactions in women, which tended to occur early in the course of therapy. This susceptibility is not widely recognized. The use of loading doses may have caused many early reactions and it is suggested that this practice cold be abandoned in all but the most urgent cases.
Tuberculosis in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Study from an endemic area
Authors: Malhotra K K , Parashar M K , Sharma R K , Bhuyan U N , Dash S C , Kumar R , Rana D S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
One hundred and fifty patients requiring maintenance haemodialysis were investigated to determine the incidence and pattern of tuberculosis. Twenty patients were found to have tuberculosis, giving an incidence of 13.3 times that of the general population. The most frequent clinical presentations of tuberculosis in these patients were pyrexia, pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy. Diagnostic difficulties were encountered in 7 patients in whom therapeutic trial with anti-tubercular drugs had to be undertaken. Two patients died from tuberculosis. Five patients received renal transplants after initial treatment of tuberculosis.
Failure to thrive associated with the Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome
Authors: Campbell A N , Inglis J , Paynter A S 
Published: December 2008

SummaryTwo siblings are described who presented with failure to thrive and in whom a diagnosis of Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome was made. Following treatment with i.m. hydroxocobalamin there was a good and rapid increase in weight and their haematology returned to normal.
Psychosis, central hyperventilation and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Decaux G , Unger J , Marneffe C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with reversible psychosis and hyperventilation related to hyponatraemia secondary to a syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is presented. The SIADH was treated successfully by oral urea for more than 8 months.
Is blood pressure different in black people?
Authors: Langford Herbert G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Most studies show that blacks have higher blood pressures than whites, and that hypertension-related mortality is significantly greater. Significant pathophysiological differences are present, on the average, between blacks and whites. Blacks tend to have higher blood volume, lower plasma renin activity, and lower kallikrein excretion.
While there may be black-white differences of genetic origin affecting the prevalence of hypertension, at least part of blood pressure difference between black and white is probably of environmental origin.
If socio-economic differences are taken into account, there is no difference between black and white in compliance. Antihypertensive therapy markedly reduces mortality in blacks as well as whites.
The effect of nutrition on Asian and European pregnancies
Authors: Bissenden J G , Scott P H , Wharton B A 
Published: December 2008

SummaryAn assessment of the nutritional status of Asian and European pregnant women was made using anthropometric and biochemical methods. Asian women, having normal pregnancies and appropriate for gestational age infants, had a higher plane of nutrition than did the corresponding European women. Asian women having light-for-gestational-age infants, by comparison with the normal Asian mothers, put on less fat in the second trimester of pregnancy and had some biochemical evidence of poorer nutrition.It seems that poor nutrition during certain periods in Asian pregnancies can compromise fetal growth.
Spinal cord haemorrhage following herpes zoster: a possible complication of warfarin therapy
Authors: Friedland M L , Wittels E G 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Haemorrhage is the most serious and common side-effect of warfarin therapy. Bleeding had commonly been observed in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts as well as in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Central nervous system bleeding has also been reported and has usually been associated with marked prolongation of the prothrombin time. Spinal cord haemorrhage has been infrequently observed. The patient reported here may represent a previously undescribed complication of herpes zoster infection with haemorrhage in the involved dorsal root ganglia. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Arterial thrombosis and accelerated atheroma in a member of a family with familial antithrombin III deficiency
Authors: Winter J , Bennett B , Donald D , Douglas A S 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The case is described of a young man with probable familial antithrombin III deficiency, a disorder associated with a marked predisposition to venous thrombo-embolic events. In addition to a history of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, at post-mortem this patient demonstrated widespread arterial thrombosis and atheroma. The probable association of severe arterial thrombosis and atheroma with a clearly definable coagulation disorder predisposing to thrombosis is of interest.
Treatment of small cell lung carcinoma in association with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
Authors: Lipton J R , Carroll K , Mould J J , Winstanley J , Thatcher N 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Two patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma associated with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis are described. Both patients received radiotherapy and i.v. chemotherapy with moderate dose methotrexate (100 mg/m2) and escalating high dose cyclophosphamide (1·5 g, 2·5 g, 3·5 g/m2).
Good symptomatic improvement was obtained with concurrent tumour response. No effect upon the alveolitis was observed. The pulmonary toxicity associated with methotrexate, cyclophosphamide chemotherapy and radiotherapy is described. The use of immunosuppressive agents (including cytotoxic drugs) to improve fibrosing alveolitis is also discussed
There is no apparent contraindication for intensive antitumour therapy in patients with small cell lung cancer and fibrosing alveolitis.
Peritoneal biopsy for diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Shukla H S , Naitrani Y P , Bhatia S , Das Pritam , Gupta S C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Eighty-eight patients with abdominal tuberculosis were studied for the diagnostic value of peritoneal biopsy. Peritoneum for biopsy was obtained during laparotomy in 41 cases and by making a small incision in the right iliac fossa, under local anaesthesia, in 47 cases. In 80% histopathological examination revealed caseation or giant cells and epithelioid cell infiltration. In 20% non-specific inflammatory changes were present. Thus, histopathological examination of the peritoneum was helpful in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis in all the 88 patients.
Reversible pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis
Authors: Davies J , Nellen M , Goodwin J F 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A young man presented with severe pulmonary hypertension and was found to have extensive pulmonary sarcoidosis. Following treatment with corticosteroids, his lung infiltration improved radiologically and his pulmonary artery pressure fell. This improvement has been maintained for 6 years, and when last investigated his pulmonary artery pressure was normal.
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia associated with recurrent pulmonary emboli and benign pelvic tumours
Authors: Blau A , Kaplinsky N 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 42-year-old woman presented with a huge benign pelvic tumour and recurrent pulmonary emboli associated with severe microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA). Following removal of the tumour and anticoagulation, all signs of MAHA disappeared. MAHA may occur when red blood cells pass through abnormal blood vessels in tumours. This patient is unusual in that the tumour was benign, rather than malignant. A further site of microangiopathy was the pulmonary vasculature.
Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy: a case with a 17-year follow-up
Authors: Ochshorn Miriam , Tchetchik Mordechai , Michalevicz Rita , Behar Albert , Seligsohn Uri 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with a 17-year follow-up is reported. The patient, who first presented with benign hypergammaglobulinaemic purpura of Waldenstrom and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia appears to be the longest survivor with this condition reported so far.
The marked variations in the clinical course of patients with angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy in conjunction with immunological characteristics are discussed.
Electrocardiographic changes in acute ulcerative colitis
Authors: Semple C G , Williamson J M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Two young women with acute ulcerative colitis were found to have electrocardiographic abnormalities which returned to normal with clinical improvement and corticosteroid therapy. Clinical and biochemical monitoring failed to reveal any cause for this previously unrecognized association and it is postulated that an aetiological agent or toxin produced by the inflammatory process may have damaged the myocardium or its autonomic supply.
Near-fatal systemic oxygen embolism due to wound irrigation with hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Bassan Mayer M , Dudai Moshe , Shalev Oded 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Shock and coma developed suddenly in a 54-year-old male undergoing irrigation of an infected and fistulous herniorrhaphy wound with 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Marked ST elevation was seen in almost all electrocardiogram (ECG) leads. Within one hour the patient recovered completely, and the ECG returned to normal. The mechanism of this occurrence was most likely widespread embolization of oxygen microbubbles released from absorbed H2O2. The danger of hydrogen peroxide irrigation in closed spaces is emphasized.
A clinical trial of levamisole in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Hishon S , Tobin G , Ciclitira P J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A small pilot study of levamisole in primary biliary cirrhosis failed to demonstrate any improvement in liver function and immunological abnormalities even in ‘early’ cases. This may be due to the fact that the defect in the immune system lies in its afferent arm. At present, levamisole, which is potentially toxic, cannot be recommended in conventional doses for the treatment of this disease.
Opsoclonus and polymyoclonia complicating oat-cell carcinoma of the bronchus
Authors: Sheinman Bryan D , Gawler Jeffrey 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Opsoclonus, with or without polymyoclonia, is a rare syndrome. We report a case associated with an ‘oatcell’ carcinoma of the bronchus. There is only one previous similar case reported in the world literature.
Spontaneous pneumothorax in pregnancy and labour
Authors: Bending J J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of spontaneous pneumothorax occurring at the end of labour in a healthy 17-year-old primigravida is described. Its occurrence was accompanied by marked surgical emphysema of the face, neck, arms and thorax. The patient had had previous thyroid surgery and was coincidentally found to have bilateral cervical ribs on chest X-ray. Previously described cases are reviewed, and the management discussed. Hypoxia to the fetus is a definite threat, and spontaneous pneumothorax should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain and dyspnoea during delivery. It is a potential extragenital cause of maternal mortality.
The effect of rectal examination on serum acid phosphatase levels in benign and malignant prostatic disese
Authors: Osegbe D N , Magoha G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Serum acid phosphatase was measured in patients with enlarged benign and malignant prostate before and after rectal examination. Amongst the patients with benign glands, rectal examination did not produce any significant false elevation of the enzyme. Rectal examination, however, caused a rise in the enzyme level in a few untreated cancer patients and in cancer patients who had become refractory to hormonal therapy. This rise would help rather than mislead in the diagnosis of malignant prostate and also in identifying treated patients who had become refractory to treatment. Thus, when serum acid phosphatase is properly determined, elevated levels should always arouse suspicion of malignant prostate or other lesions associated with high enzyme level even if such determination was preceded by rectal examination.
There appears to be no merit in the teaching that the determination of serum acid phosphatase should be delayed after rectal examination.
Recent advances in respiratory medicine
Authors: Flenley D C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In the past tuberculosis so dominated both public and professional views of respiratory medicine that it seemed obvious that the speciality must atrophy, at least in developed countries, when effective therapy for tuberculosis became available. The reality has been rather different. New discoveries in understanding of pathogenesis, in diagnostic methods, and above all in treatment, continue to keep respiratory medicine to the fore amongst the major sub-specialities of medicine, a position that the burden of such disease on society clearly merits. The topics chosen for this review are necessarilv personal, but aim to indicate some areas where these discoveries are being applied in clinical practice today.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Jaworski R C , Kneale K L , Smith R C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare malignant tumour of the breast. It usually presents as a painful, apparently benign lump near the nipple. The tumour has an interesting histology, natural history and mammographic appearance. Mastectomy is usually curative.
Surgical approaches in endomyocardial disease (abstract)
Authors: Dubost Charles , Prigent Claude , Gerbaux Alain , Maurice Pierre , Passelecq Jacqueline , Rulliere Roger , Carpentier Alain , DeLoche Alain 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Constrictive fibrous endocarditis first described by Löffler consists of endocardial fibrosis which is potentially constrictive and limited to the ventricular cavities.