bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep‐phasic heart rate variability predicts stress severity: Building a machine learning‐based stress prediction model
Authors: Fan Jingjing , Mei Junhua , Yang Yuan , Lu Jiajia , Wang Quan , Yang Xiaoyun , Chen Guohua , Wang Runsen , Han Yujia , Sheng Rong , Wang Wei , Ding Fengfei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe propose a novel approach for predicting stress severity by measuring sleep phasic heart rate variability (HRV) using a smart device. This device can potentially be applied for stress self‐screening in large populations. Using a Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) and a Huawei smart device, we conducted 24‐h dual recordings of 159 medical workers working regular shifts. Based on photoplethysmography (PPG) and accelerometer signals acquired by the Huawei smart device, we sorted episodes of cyclic alternating pattern (CAP; unstable sleep), non‐cyclic alternating pattern (NCAP; stable sleep), wakefulness, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep based on cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) algorithms. We further calculated the HRV indices during NCAP, CAP and REM sleep episodes using both the Holter ECG and smart‐device PPG signals. We later developed a machine learning model to predict stress severity based only on the smart device data obtained from the participants along with a clinical evaluation of emotion and stress conditions. Sleep phasic HRV indices predict individual stress severity with better performance in CAP or REM sleep than in NCAP. Using the smart device data only, the optimal machine learning‐based stress prediction model exhibited accuracy of 80.3 %, sensitivity 87.2 %, and 63.9 % for specificity. Sleep phasic heart rate variability can be accurately evaluated using a smart device and subsequently can be used for stress predication.
Interface Engineering of PdPt Ultrafine Ethanol Electro‐Oxidation Nanocatalysts by Bacterial Soluble Extracellular Polymeric Substances (s‐EPS) to Break through Sabatier Principle
Authors: Liu Chang , Tang Qinyuan , Fan Puyang , Wei Yuhui , Yu Yang , Wen Xinwei , Li Xianghong , Li Lei , Qu Qing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnsatisfactory performance of ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) catalysts hinders the application of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs), while traditional alloy catalysts (like PdPt) is cursed by Sabatier principle due to countable active site types. However, bacterial soluble extracellular polymeric substances (s‐EPS) owning abundent functional groups may help breacking through it by contrusting different active sites on PdPt and inducing them to play synergy effect, which is called interface engineering. Using s‐EPS to engineer catalysts is more green and consumes lower energy compared to chemical reagents. Herein, PdPt alloy nanoparticles (≈2.1 nm) are successfully in situ synthesized by/on s‐EPS of Bacillus megaterium, an ex‐holotype. Tryptophan residuals are proved as the main reductant. In EOR, PdPt@s‐EPS shows higher activity (3.89 mA cm−2) than Pd@s‐EPS, Pt@s‐EPS, Pt/C and most reported akin catalysts. Its stability and durability are excellent, too. DFT modelling further demonstrates that, interface engineering by s‐EPS breaks through Sabatier principle, by the synergy of diverse sites owning different degrees of d‐p orbital hybridization. This work not only makes DEFCs closer to practice, but provides a facile and green strategy to design more catalysts.
Interfacial Polarization Locked Flexible β‐Phase Glycine/Nb2CTx Piezoelectric Nanofibers
Authors: Zheng Weiying , Li Tong , Jin Fei , Qian Lili , Ma Juan , Wei Zhidong , Ma Xiying , Wang Fuyi , Sun Jiangtao , Yuan Tao , Wang Ting , Feng Zhang‐Qi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiomolecular piezoelectric materials show great potential in the field of wearable and implantable biomedical devices. Here, a self‐assemble approach is developed to fabricating flexible β‐glycine piezoelectric nanofibers with interfacial polarization locked aligned crystal domains induced by Nb2CTx nanosheets. Acted as an effective nucleating agent, Nb2CTx nanosheets can induce glycine to crystallize from edges toward flat surfaces on its 2D crystal plane and form a distinctive eutectic structure within the nanoconfined space. The interfacial polarization locking formed between O atom on glycine and Nb atom on Nb2CTx is essential to align the β‐glycine crystal domains with (001) crystal plane intensity extremely improved. This β‐phase glycine/Nb2CTx nanofibers (Gly‐Nb2C‐NFs) exhibit fabulous mechanical flexibility with Young's modulus of 10 MPa, and an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient of 5.0 pC N−1 or piezoelectric voltage coefficient of 129 × 10−3Vm N−1. The interface polarization locking greatly improves the thermostability of β‐glycine before melting (≈210°C). A piezoelectric sensor based on this Gly‐Nb2C‐NFs is used for micro‐vibration sensing in vivo in mice and exhibits excellent sensing ability. This strategy provides an effective approach for the regular crystallization modulation for glycine crystals, opening a new avenue toward the design of piezoelectric biomolecular materials induced by 2D materials.
Molecular Connectors Boosting the Performance of MoS2 Cathodes in Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Haipeng , Montes‐García Verónica , Peng Haijun , Samorì Paolo , Ciesielski Artur 
Published: February 2024

AbstractZinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising energy storage systems due to high energy density, low‐cost, and abundant availability of zinc as a raw material. However, the greatest challenge in ZIBs research is lack of suitable cathode materials that can reversibly intercalate Zn2+ ions. 2D layered materials, especially MoS2‐based, attract tremendous interest due to large surface area and ability to intercalate/deintercalate ions. Unfortunately, pristine MoS2 obtained by traditional protocols such as chemical exfoliation or hydrothermal/solvothermal methods exhibits limited electronic conductivity and poor chemical stability upon charge/discharge cycling. Here, a novel molecular strategy to boost the electrochemical performance of MoS2 cathode materials for aqueous ZIBs is reported. The use of dithiolated conjugated molecular pillars, that is, 4,4′‐biphenyldithiols, enables to heal defects and crosslink the MoS2 nanosheets, yielding covalently bridged networks (MoS2‐SH2) with improved ionic and electronic conductivity and electrochemical performance. In particular, MoS2‐SH2 electrodes display high specific capacity of 271.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, high energy density of 279 Wh kg−1, and high power density of 12.3 kW kg−1. With its outstanding rate capability (capacity of 148.1 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and stability (capacity of 179 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles), MoS2‐SH2 electrodes outperform other MoS2‐based electrodes in ZIBs.
Photothermal‐Enhanced S‐Scheme Heterojunction of Hollow Core–Shell FeNi2S4@ZnIn2S4 toward Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Shikai , Zhang Dong , Pu Xipeng , Zhang Lizhi , Zhang Dafeng , Jiang Jizhou 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHerein, guided by the results of density functional theory prediction, the study rationally designs a hollow core–shell FeNi2S4@ZnIn2S4 (FNS@ZIS) Step‐scheme (S‐scheme) heterojunction for photocatalytic H2 evolution with photothermal‐assisted. The hollow FNS spheres offered substrate for coating the ZIS nanosheets, which can inhibit ZIS nanosheets from agglomerating into pellet, enrich the active site, increase specific surfaces, and raise the light absorption. Notably, due to its excellent photothermal properties, FNS core generated heat unceasingly inside under visible‐light irradiation and effectively prevent the heat loss of the reaction system, which increased the local temperature of photocatalysts and thus accelerated the charge migration. In addition, the S‐scheme heterojunction construction via in situ growth has a tight interface, which can facilitate the separation and transfer of carriers and achieve high redox potential. Owning to the distinctive construction, the hollow core–shell FNS@ZIS S‐scheme heterojunction show extraordinary stability and photocatalytic H2 evolution rate with 7.7 mmol h−1 g−1, which is ≈15.2‐fold than pristine ZIS. Based on the double evidence of theoretical predictions and experimental confirmations, the photothermal effect and electron transfer mechanism of this innovative material are investigated in depth by the following infrared thermography technology and deep DFT calculations.
Durable Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Self‐Generated Wenzel Sites for Efficient Fog Collection
Authors: Zhang Jiaren , Li Bucheng , Zhou Zhengqiang , Zhang Junping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHarvesting freshwater from fog is one of the possible solutions to the global water scarcity crisis. Surfaces with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions are extensively employed for this purpose. Nevertheless, the longevity of these surfaces is still constrained by their delicate surface structures. The hydrophilic zones may become damaged or contaminated after repeated use, thereby compromising their effectiveness in fog collection. The preparation of generally applicable durable superhydrophobic coatings with self‐generated Wenzel sites is reported here for long‐term efficient and stable fog collection. The coatings are prepared by depositing the poly(tannic acid) coating as the primer layer on various substrates, self‐assembly of trichlorovinylsilane into staggered silicone nanofilaments, and then thiol–ene click reaction with 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecanethiol. The coatings demonstrate remarkable static superhydrophobicity, robust impalement resistance, and stable self‐generated Wenzel sites for water droplets. Therefore, the fog collection rate (FCR) of the coatings reaches 2.13 g cm−2 h−1 during 192 h continuous fog collection, which is triple that of bare substrate and outperforms most previous studies. Moreover, the systematic experiments and models have revealed that the key factors for achieving high FCR on superhydrophobic coatings are forming condensed droplets ≈1 mm in critical radius and a Wenzel site proportion of 0.3–0.4.
Robust and Corrosion‐Resistant Overall Water Splitting Electrode Enabled by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Guo Binbin , Lin Jie , Mo Funian , Ding Yihong , Zeng Tianbiao , Liang Haowen , Wang Liping , Chen Xiaoteng , Mo Jiewen , Li Dong‐sheng , Yang Hui Ying , Bai Jiaming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrolysis of water has emerged as a prominent area of research in recent years. As a promising catalyst support, copper foam is widely investigated for electrolytic water, yet the insufficient mechanical strength and corrosion resistance render it less suitable for harsh working conditions. To exploit high‐performance catalyst supports, various metal supports are comprehensively evaluated, and Ti6Al4V (Ti64) support exhibited outstanding compression and corrosion resistance. With this in mind, a 3D porous Ti64 catalyst support is fabricated using the selective laser sintering (SLM) 3D printing technology, and a conductive layer of nickel (Ni) is coated to increase the electrical conductivity and facilitate the deposition of catalysts. Subsequently, Co0.8Ni0.2(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O (CoNiCH) nanoneedles are deposited. The resulting porous Ti64/Ni/CoNiCH electrode displayed an impressive performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and reached 30 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of only 200 mV. Remarkably, even after being compressed at 15.04 MPa, no obvious structural deformation is observed, and the attenuation of its catalytic efficiency is negligible. Based on the computational analysis, the CoNiCH catalyst demonstrated superior catalytic activity at the Ni site in comparison to the Co site. Furthermore, the electrode reached 30 mA cm−2 at 1.75 V in full water splitting conditions and showed no significant performance degradation even after 60 h of continuous operation. This study presents an innovative approach to robust and corrosion‐resistant catalyst design.
Vision‐based probabilistic post‐earthquake loss estimation for reinforced concrete shear walls
Authors: Azhari Samira , Hamidia Mohammadjavad , Rouhani Fatemeh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a probabilistic methodology based on image analysis is proposed for earthquake‐induced loss estimation in rectangular reinforced concrete shear walls (RCSWs) in compliance with FEMA P‐58. The methodology is developed using a databank of 285 surface crack patterns gathered from the result of experimental research on 99 rectangular RCSWs with wide‐ranging structural and geometric characteristics. For the complexity extraction, three fractal geometry indices of the damaged specimens are taken into consideration. Fragility functions are generated to determine the probability of exceeding a FEMA P‐58 compliant damage state based on the various methods of repair for specific complexity indices. The fragility functions are obtained using four common probabilistic distributions including lognormal, Weibull, gamma, and beta. The fitness of the fragility curves is examined by two goodness‐of‐fit tests, namely the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Lilliefors test. Results show that the Weibull is the best‐fitting distribution for the majority of damage states and succolarity possesses the best results in goodness‐of‐fit tests among fractal geometry indices. Empirical loss indices are also derived in this paper aimed at optimizing the goodness‐of‐fits. Finally, the proposed procedure is utilized for a sample specimen from the databank at various damage levels.
Coupling effect of ionic liquids on the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of polymer composites: A succinct review
Authors: Shamsuri Ahmad Adlie , Md. Jamil Siti Nurul Ain , Abdan Khalina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe growing study of polymer composites has motivated scientists to explore more methodologies to enhance the final demanding properties of polymer composites. Polymer composites have commonly been fabricated using thermosets or thermoplastics with synthetic or natural fillers. Lately, ionic liquids have been applied as coupling agents for polymer composites. In this succinct review, two types of ionic liquids, specifically imidazolium‐ and phosphonium‐based ionic liquids that are applied as coupling agents, are identified. Additionally, the synthesis of ionic liquids with different precursors and reactions is explained. The coupling effect of ionic liquids on the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of polymer composites is also succinctly reviewed. The knowledge shown in this review gives a more transparent comprehension of the fabrication of polymer composites coupled with ionic liquids and the essential properties of polymer composites. In conclusion, most imidazolium‐ and phosphonium‐based ionic liquids can improve several mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of thermoset and thermoplastic composites.
High efficacy fluconazole loaded ZnO‐poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite: Interpretive breakpoints for biological applications
Authors: Das Abinash , Ringu Togam , Ghosh Sampad , Pramanik Nabakumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNanotechnology, a versatile field, holds promise in diverse applications, such as advanced pharmaceutical techniques and innovative chemical compound fabrication. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified sepsis as a global health priority, attributing most sepsis‐related deaths to the underlying infection. Sepsis is a complex disease that manifests in various ways, depending on factors, such as pathogen involved, mode of transmission, and the patient's immune competence. This study focuses on synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) through an in‐situ precipitation method and employing a solution‐based technique to coat the inorganic ZnO nanomaterial with the antimicrobial drug fluconazole (FLZ), resulting in a FLZ‐ZnO composite. Further enhancement is achieved by modifying the composite with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to improve mechanical strength, physicochemical characteristics, and the interfacial network between ZnO and FLZ. Characterization through X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), particle size distribution (PSD), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirms the synthesized compounds are stoichiometric in nature. The FLZ‐ZnO‐PVA nanocomposite demonstrates significant antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. niger, as well as enhanced antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus evaluated through well diffusion technique. In vitro cellular compatibility assessment using the MTT assay with NIH‐3T3 cells reveals exceptional viability (above 75%) and negligible cytotoxicity at a concentration of 1.56 μg/mL, indicating high biosafety. The FLZ‐ZnO‐PVA nanocomposite exhibits outstanding biological performance, making it a promising candidate for clinical applications in preventing sepsis and prospective infections.Highlights
Developments and preparation of FLZ‐ZnO‐PVA nanocomposite.
FLZ‐ZnO‐PVA nanocomposite shows optimum antimicrobial activity.
FLZ‐ZnO‐PVA shows cytotoxicity against the mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line.
FLZ‐ZnO‐PVA could be used as a suitable material for treatment of sepsis.
Comparison of multi‐component and mono‐component intumescent flame retardants for thermoplastic polyurethane composites
Authors: Li Minghao , Bi Siyi , Chen Chunhui , Hai Wenqing , Jiang Ziyang , Meng Qian , Hao Enquan , Li Hongjie , Shao Huiqi , Shao Guangwei , Jiang Jinhua , Chen Nanliang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConventional intumescent flame retardant (IFR) is comprised of multiple components (acid, carbon, and gas source). In comparison, “all‐in‐one” design of mono‐component IFR is effective to impart the homogeneity to functional sources in polymer matrix, which is significant to improve the synergy against combustion. In this work, a core‐shell structured mono‐component IFR (MAPP@FDS) are prepared with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and furfural‐derived Schiff base (FDS) and applied to modification of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). TPU composite with the as‐prepared mono‐component IFR (TPU/MAPP@FDS) exhibits V‐0 rating in UL‐94 test and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 32.0%, with prominent bulkiness of carbonaceous layer. Cone calorimetry tests (CCTs) showed a significant reduction in total heat release (THR) and peak heat release rate (pHRR) for TPU/MAPP@FDS compared with the TPU composites with multi‐component IFR. By analyzing the morphology and composition of residual char, the flame‐retardant mechanism of TPU/MAPP@FDS is reasonably proposed. This work illustrates the superiority of the integration to prepare mono‐component IFR and provides a potential method in developing TPU composites with remarkable flame retardancy.Highlights
TPU/MAPP@FDS achieves a LOI value of 32.0% and UL‐94 V‐0 rating.
TPU/MAPP@FDS exhibits significantly enhanced flame retardancy compared with TPU composites incorporated multi‐component IFR.
The synergy in multi‐component IFR is prominently strengthened.
Severity of natural calamities and crop yield prediction using hybrid deep learning model in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Mahapatra Rajendra Prasad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCrop yield prediction has gained major potential for global food production. Predicting crop yields based on specific parameters like soil, environment, crop, and water has been an interesting research topic in recent decades. To accurately predict crop yields, measuring the severities of natural calamities including water level is mainly required. However, the existing studies failed to predict crop yields accurately because of various issues like overfitting problems, difficulty in training, inability to handle large data, and reduced learning capability. Thus, the proposed study develops an efficient mechanism for accurately predicting crop yields by analyzing several natural calamities. Here, the input samples are initially pre‐processed to remove unwanted noises using data normalization and standardization. To enhance the performance of crop yield prediction, natural calamities are computed by using an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model based on parameters like the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Severe Hail Index (SHI), and Storm Severity Index (SSI). Also, the hyperparameters of XGBoost model are tuned by utilizing Sheep Flock Optimization Algorithm (SFOA). Finally, the crop yield is predicted by proposing a new one‐dimensional convolutional gated recurrent unit neural network (1D‐CGRU). The proposed classifier predicts the crop yields with reduced error rates like mean square error (MSE) of 0.4363, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.1904, normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) of 0.00101, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.2437, and R‐squared (R2) of .2756. Also, the significant findings of the proposed study positively indicate that this study can be applicable to real‐time agricultural practices and is highly suitable for water quality predictions. Also, it can assist farmers and farming businesses in predicting the yield of crops in a specific season when to harvest and crop a plant for attaining improved crop yields.
Tensors
Authors: Breiding Paul , Kohn Kathlén , Sturmfels Bernd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTensors are generalizations of matrices. They can be viewed as tables of higher dimension. A 2 × 2-matrix is a table that contains four numbers aligned in two directions, and each direction has dimension 2. Similarly, a 2×2×2-tensor is a table with eight numbers aligned in three directions where each direction has dimension 2.
Polar Degrees
Authors: Breiding Paul , Kohn Kathlén , Sturmfels Bernd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe notion of polar degrees is fundamental for assessing the algebraic complexity of polynomial optimization problems of a metric origin.We already recognized this point for Euclidean distance optimization in Section 2.3, and we will see it again in Theorem 5.5 for polyhedral norms, with focus on theWasserstein metric from optimal transport theory. The punchline is that polar degrees govern linear programming over real algebraic varieties.
New Perspectives on Socio-environmental Transformations in Past Societies
Authors: Kirleis Wiebke , Müller Johannes 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this introduction to the volume, we highlight the importance of transformation research from an archaeological and palaeoenvironmental perspective, including definitions pertinent to transformations as complex phenomena. Following a consideration of integrative archaeology as a means to disentangle socio-environmental transformation processes through interdisciplinary research, we provide an overview of the chapters in this volume.