bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence and immune-cell infiltration of nonneoplastic, postbrachytherapy brain tissue in 5-ALA–guided resection of recurrent anaplastic meningioma: illustrative case
Authors: Ramapriyan Rishab , Clark Victoria E , _ _ , Martinez-Lage Maria , Hsueh Brian , _ _ , Nahed Brian V , _ _ , Curry William T , Choi Bryan D , _ _ , Carter Bob S , _ _ 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence-guided surgery is a well-established technique for resecting high-grade gliomas. However, its application in meningiomas, especially those previously treated with radiation therapy, remains under investigation.

OBSERVATIONS
A 48-year-old female with recurrent anaplastic meningioma, World Health Organization grade 3, underwent a right-sided craniotomy using off-label 5-ALA as a surgical adjunct. The patient had previously undergone brachytherapy seed implantation (20 × cesium 131) for tumor management. During the surgery, a large fluorescent tumor mass adjacent to the brachytherapy-treated area was resected, and the prior brachytherapy seeds were removed. Interestingly, the surrounding brain tissue in the irradiated area showed robust 5-ALA fluorescence. Pathological examination confirmed that the fluorescent brain tissue was nonneoplastic and associated with lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration.

LESSONS
This case report presents unique 5-ALA fluorescence in nonneoplastic tissue following brachytherapy, which was found during the resection of recurrent anaplastic meningioma. This phenomenon may reflect an intricate interplay among radiation therapy, immune cells, the tumor microenvironment, and 5-ALA metabolism. Given that false-positive findings in fluorescence-guided surgery can lead to unnecessary tissue resection and increased surgical morbidity, further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and its implications for meningioma surgery.
Retrograde thrombectomy of acute common carotid artery occlusion with mobile thrombus: illustrative cases
Authors: Okune Yukiya , Fukuda Hitoshi , Matsuoka Toshiki , Nishimoto Yo , Matsuoka Keita , Fukui Naoki , _ _ , Hayashi Satoru , Ueba Tetsuya , _ _ 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
Acute embolic occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) alone is rare. However, once it occurs, recanalization is challenging due to the large volume of the clot, larger diameter of the CCA, and risk of procedure-related distal embolism into the intracranial arteries.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors report two cases of acute embolic occlusion of CCA alone, caused by a cardiac embolus trapped at the proximal end of a preexisting atherosclerotic plaque at the cervical carotid bifurcation. In both cases, the CCA was successfully recanalized using retrograde thrombectomy in a hybrid operating room. In case 1, a 78-year-old male with acute right CCA occlusion underwent retrograde thrombectomy, where the cervical carotid bifurcation was exposed and incised, and the entire embolus was retrieved with forceps. Despite successful revascularization, massive bleeding from the CCA just after the retrieval remained a concern. In case 2, a 79-year-old female with acute right CCA occlusion underwent retrograde thrombectomy in the same manner. Because manual retrieval failed, a Fogarty balloon catheter inserted from the arteriotomy successfully retrieved the entire thrombus with minimal blood loss.

LESSONS
Retrograde thrombectomy through the arteriotomy of the cervical carotid bifurcation safely and effectively recanalizes acute embolic occlusion of the CCA alone.
An Overview of Democratic Consolidation and Regression in Africa
Authors: Muhammad Abdulrasheed , Fanny-Kinge Ruth 
Published: February 2024

Democratic rule in Africa has been characterized by uneasiness resulting from autocratic tendencies in some of the countries. From the 1990s and due to a host of factors, African countries began to experience new lease of democratization with high hopes which soon turned out to be an illusion arising from series of developments within and outside the continent. Against this background, this paper examines dimensions of democratic rule in Africa noting its tendencies towards consolidation and regression as it manifests in different countries as well as factors that are responsible for the observed trend. Data for the study is obtained from secondary sources through examination of copious literature on the subject and examining occurrences in different parts of the continent. It is concluded that the region experienced overall, though uneven and not substantial progress towards democratization. While some have experienced tendency towards backsliding, some others have experienced considerable growth in some of the indexes that promote democratic consolidation. On the aggregate however, the continent cannot be said to be making substantial progress towards consolidation. This may be due to a host of factors that include peculiar political environment of each country. It thus recommended that African leaders need to introduce reforms that would cut across the different facets of the continent and that will take into account the specific character of each African country rather than the adoption of a policy based on its success in a different socio-political environment.
The use of chemical and biological preparations on potatoes as a preplant treatment of tubers
Authors: Puzdrya F. F. , Bozhenkov A. V. , Kruglova S. A. , Morozova T. M. , Popovа G. V. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance. In the potato industry, the use of biological techniques has become widespread to improve the quality of the seed material of tubers, reduce the incidence and damage of potato pests.Methods. Studies on the effectiveness of the use of biological and chemical techniques on potatoes were carried out at the experimental field of the Kostroma Research Institute of Agricultural Research — a branch of the A.G. Lorch Potato Research Center in 2021–2022.The purpose of the work is to identify the effectiveness of the use of the biological drug “BisolbiSan”, the intake of ozonation and the chemical fungicide “Maxim” on the yield and quality of potatoes in the Kostroma region.Results. The evaluation of the use of drugs as a pre-planting treatment of tubers on potatoes of the Favorit variety was carried out. With the combined use of “BisolbiSan” biologics and ozone, the greatest reliable increase in tuber weight from the bush was obtained at 177 g, which is 30.8% more than in the control version. When processing tubers with the chemical mordant «Maxim», the weight increase was 20.5% compared to the control. In all variants, a significant increase in the number of tubers (from 1.5 to 2.6 pcs/bush) was obtained compared with the control variant. The largest number of tubers from the bush (9.1 pcs.) was obtained by joint processing — «BisolbiSan» + ozone. The highest yield of the seed fraction in the amount of 13.8% was achieved when processing tubers with the «Maxim» mordant, which exceeded this indicator by 3.7% in the control version. The joint pre-treatment of tubers with “BisolbiSan” and ozone provided the highest yield of a large fraction (81.9%), while the treatment of tubers with the “Maxim” mordant produced the lowest indicator of all studied options (76.8%).
Improving the efficiency of using tractors by equipping the drive wheels with a built-in differential
Authors: Kazakov Yu. F. , Batmanov V. N. , Konstantinov Yu. V. , Zaitsev P. V. 
Published: February 2024

.Relevance. The efficiency of the use of agricultural wheel units, the process of interaction of the wheel mover with the support surface is influenced by structural parameters, the properties of the support surface and the tire tread, the ratio of vertical load and longitudinal pushing force. In order to reduce wheel slipping, a built-in differential with an off-center application of external knobs and a driving torque is proposedMethods. For a quantitative and qualitative description of the operation of the wheel, methods of analytical, comparative, information-logical and system analysis of factors that have a causal relationship with the performance of mobile units, wheel propellers were used. The analysis of the propeller operation was carried out by the methods of theoretical mechanics on the provisions of the theory of rolling of a deformable wheel on a deformable supporting surface. The subject of the study is a two-stage process of interaction between the surface and the drive wheel during acceleration. At the first stage, the sprung mass of the tractor moves with a stationary wheel rim within its radius. At the second stage, the movement of the tractor masses occurs with a rotating wheel, the wheel gear operates in differential mode, preventing its external slip.Results. The wheel differential contributes to maintaining the maximum value of the friction coefficient and the rational ratio of the driving moment and the moment of resistance to rolling. The use of a built-in differential in wheel propellers is a promising option for their improvement, it helps to maintain a high specific longitudinal reaction, preventing slipping and, thereby, destruction of the soil structure. As a result, the productivity of wheeled mobile units increases, fuel consumption and tire wear decrease, soil compaction decreases.
Analysis of the dynamics and structure of greenhouse gas emissions in Russian agriculture
Authors: Romantseva Yu. N. , Bodur A. M. , Maslakova V. V. , Kagirova M. V. 
Published: February 2024

The problem of assessing the carbon footprint in the economy has recently received much attention in many countries around the world, including Russia. Given the importance of the problem of climate change, the urgent task is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to achieve international climate goals outlined by the Paris Climate Agreement and the Strategy for the socio-economic development of a country with low greenhouse gas emissions until 2050.Currently, the main global trend in the development of economic sectors is the implementation of ESG principles and a focus on the use of energy-saving technologies, therefore, special attention in all sectors of the economy is paid to the issues of accounting for greenhouse gas emissions and assessing their impact on climate change. Accounting, monitoring and justification of directions for reducing the carbon footprint is also an important task in the context of the formation of the Green Economy. Agriculture is in third place in terms of emissions after energy sector and industry sector. Regular monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions by source is necessary to effectively address the emissions problem and develop cost-effective public policy measures to ensure sustainable agricultural development and develop export potential.The purpose of the studyis a comprehensive study of the volumes and sources of greenhouse gas emissions, the role of agriculture in the formation of the carbon footprint. The study examines in detail the volume and structure of greenhouse gas emissions in long-term dynamics for 1990–2022. The use of a number of statistical methods made it possible to establish a reduction in emissions in the agricultural sector, which is explained by a sharp reduction in resource potential and the increased use of resource-saving technologies in recent years.
Features and prospects for the development of rural tourism in the Chuvash Republic
Authors: Ivanova L. M. , Kornilova A. S. , Pevnev R. A. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance.Rural tourism is a developing, promising field of activity with specific features. Clients are not just looking for an idle holiday, but want to get acquainted with local customs, and some even want to participate in the production and processing of agricultural products, which leads to an expansion of the range of farm products, stimulates the production of environmentally friendly products, the development of small businesses and the improvement appearance of the village. In the article we examined the essence and importance of rural tourism, described the potential of agrotourism in the Chuvash Republic, identified the main factors hindering the development of the industry, as well as problems that require solutions.Methods.In the process of observing, collecting, summarizing and processing information, various methods of analytical, economic-statistical, graphical and other research methods were used.In order to compile static statistical ideas about the state of society and public opinion in the region under study, a cross-sectional study was carried out, for which a questionnaire was compiled and an electronic survey of respondents was carried out.Results.The analysis shows the underdevelopment of rural tourism in the republic. Despite the high tourist and recreational potential of the republic, factors hindering the development of rural tourism have been identified: low level of development of rural infrastructure, quality of rural roads, poor Internet coverage, lack of modern hospitality facilities, rural residents are not ready for change, improving the level of service, they lack education in the relevant field.The emergence and development of government programs to support initiatives in the field of rural tourism can become an impetus for the creation and transformation of hospitality facilities in the countryside, and, consequently, the formation of a whole new tourism sector.
Verification of a test system for detecting antibodies to bovine diarrhea virus using the enzyme immunoassay method “Cattle VD - SEROTEST plus”
Authors: Lobova T. P. , Mikhailova V. V. , Skvortsova A. N. , Shishkina M. S. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance. Agricultural enterprises of the Russian Federation with intensive livestock farming are annually faced with the problem of a respiratory-intestinal nature, especially in young animals. This entails large losses. As a result of problems arising in animals, viral diarrhea of cattle occupies one of the leading places. The urgency of the problem lies in the large economic damage that occurs due to the birth of non-viable offspring, the death of newborn young animals, the development of various forms of pneumonia, decreased productivity, dysfunction of animal reproduction, as well as the costs of carrying out preventive, quarantine and liquidation measures. Reliable laboratory diagnostics allows you to correctly build a strategy to combat the disease. The article presents the results of verification of a test system for detecting antibodies to bovine diarrhea virus using the enzyme immunoassay method “Cattle VD — SEROTEST plus”.Methods. The diagnostic significance of the test system was assessed according to the indicators of sensitivity, specificity and precision under conditions of repeatability and reproducibility.Results. The coefficient of variation (CV) for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ranged from 1.9 to 11.2%, indicating good consistency of results with intra-laboratory precision under conditions of repeatability and reproducibility.
Influence of various sources of amino acids on composition of intestinal microflora of meat chickens and roosters of parent herd of cross “Smena 9”
Authors: Yildirim E. A. , Ilyina L. A. , Laptev G. Yu. , Filippova V. A. , Dubrovin A. V. , Tyurina D. G. , Kalitkina K. A. , Dubrovina A. S. , Ponomareva E. S. , Fisinin V. I. , Egorov I. A. , Egorova T. A. , Manukyan V. A. , Lenkova T. N. , Degtyareva O. N. , Tishenkov M. S. , Demidova E. S. , Kashporov L. M. , Pashchenko V. E. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance. The intensin’s microbiota plays a crucial role in feed digestion and nutrient digestion in farm poultry, influencing zootechnical performance.The aim of the study was to compare the effect of the addition of lysine and methionine in various forms to the diet on the composition of the intestinal microflora of chickens and roosters of the «Smena 9» cross, as well as to establish a connection between the composition of microflora in different diets with the zootechnical indicators of birds.Methods. Physiological reseach were carried out on meat chickens of the Plimutrock breed and roosters of the Cornish breed of the parent herd of the domestic cross “Smena 9” selection of the “Smena” SSC. 4 groups were formed (control 1A and experimental 2A-4A) such as of 9 laying heads and 4 groups of 9 rooster heads (control 1B and experimental 2B-4B). Analysis of samples of the contents of blind processes of the intestine of birds was carried out by PCR.Results. As shown by the quantitative PCR method, the studied feeding factors: various sources of lysine and methionine and a 5% reduced level of metabolic energy of feed had a different effect on the composition of the microflora of chickens and roosters of the parent stock of the new cross «Smena 9». For example, with a decrease in the level of metabolic energy in the diets of chickens, there was a decrease from 1.2 to 5.0 times in such representatives of the normoflora as Bacteroidetes and Eubacteriaceae, compared with similar groups with a basic amount of metabolic energy (p < 0.05). When lysine was introduced into the diet in the form of monochlorohydrate and DL-methionine, a decrease in the weight of ovaries with an oviduct by 6.9 g was noted against the background of a decrease in the level of metabolic energy compared with the corresponding group with a base content of metabolic energy (p ≤ 0.05), whereas when using lysine in the form of sulfate and methionine in the form of a hydroxyanalog of methionine, a similar effect was reduced not noted (p > 0.05). At the same time, shifts in the composition of microflora against the background of changes in diets did not have any connection with the studied zootechnical parameters in chickens and roosters.
Modeling of PCR-RFLP genotyping of cattle by polymorphic markers of iNOS gene
Authors: Vafin R. R. , Gilmanov Kh. Kh. , Shastin P. N. , Supova A. V. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance. The study of the Bos taurus iNOS gene polymorphism and its association with resistance to bovine leukemia, as well as with breeding value in terms of milk productivity, is a topical subject of genetic selection research.The purpose of this study was to identify and map polymorphic restriction sites in 4 SNP markers (AH13-1, AH13-2, AH13-3, AH13-4) of the Bos taurus iNOS gene, followed by PCR-RFLP profiling of the encountered genotypes and modeling of the method of gene testing of cattle by the listed polymorphic markers of the analyzed locus.Methods. An effective tool for visualizing the result of computer simulation of the experiment, which contributed to predicting the applicability of the developed method of gene testing, was in silico modeling of the generated PCR-RFLP profiles of the encountered genotypes of polymorphic markers of the Bos taurus iNOS gene. At the same time, the very result of mapping the identified polymorphic restriction sites and subsequent profiling of the encountered genotypes indicated the technical feasibility of detecting polymorphic positions of 4 SNP markers of the Bos taurus iNOS gene by PCR-RFLP analysis. This, in turn, initiated the modeling of the method of gene testing of cattle by the listed polymorphic markers with the provision of successive stages of DNA isolation from whole preserved blood of cattle, PCR with oligonucleotide primers iNOS-F and iNOS-R, RFLP with selected restriction endonucleases (HinfI, Sau96I (AspS9I isoschizomer), HpyAV and MluCI (Sse9I isoschizomer), as well as performing gel electrophoresis detection with visualization of the obtained electrophoregrams in a UV transilluminator.
Comparative assessment of the quantitative and qualitative composition of zooperiphyton on the surface of duckweed (<i>Lemna minor</i>) grown in a recirculating water supply system
Authors: Lippo I. E. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance. The quantitative and qualitative composition of organisms settling on floating macrophytes depends on the presence in the water of nutrients necessary for their life, such as fish waste products, food residues and excrement.Methods. The roots and leaves of duckweed (Lemna minor) act as a substrate for the attachment and development of aquatic organisms. And they, in turn, consume organic substances as food sources, thereby reducing the amount of pollutants in the water. In this regard, it seems relevant to study the faunal composition, frequency of occurrence and density of various taxonomic groups of organisms settling on duckweed leaves during the integrated cultivation of aquatic plants and aquaculture objects.Results. The results of the study showed that the zooperiphyton of duckweed is characterized by a high diversity of the faunal complex. On the surface of aquatic macrophytes (Lemna minor), grown by the integrated method together with carps, the number of hydrobionts is twice as large as on duckweed grown in a control installation of a closed water supply, in which there were no fish. Fish excrement and washed-out food residues created a nutrient substrate for the development of aquatic organisms.A total of 22 species of organisms were found inhabiting duckweed in the experimental variant, among which barnacle crustaceans dominated, rotifers were subdominants, and chironomids, copepods, and nematodes were also found. The zooperiphyton of duckweed in the control version consisted of 12 taxa of hydrobionts, most often there were protozoa and barnacles, there were protists, paddlefoot crayfish and oligochaetes. The greatest faunal diversity was recorded on duckweed in the experimental version.
Grain quality of <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. depending on the growth regulators
Authors: Ryabtseva N. A. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance.In recent years, there has been a tendency to reduce the acreage ofHordeum vulgareL. In view of this, it is necessary to look for techniques to ensure the stability of gross grain collections. Especially considering its versatile use in the food industry and feed industry.Methods.The experiments were conducted in 2022 in the conditions of the Azov sea zone of the Rostov region. The objects of research are varieties of spring barley (factor A) Leon, Yarunchik, Prairie and growth regulators (factor B) “Artafit” (0.3 l/ha), “Biodux” (3 ml/ha), “Obereg” (60 ml/ha), “Trainer” (3 l/ha), “Fulvohumate” (0.4 l/ha), used in the “tillering” and “earing” phases.Results.The highest yield was formed by barley plants under the action of the drug «Biodux» in Leon and Prairie varieties. Under the influence of Biodux, the grain had a large natural mass in all the studied varieties — from 622 to 630 g/l. The weight of 1000 grains in the variants with the use of growth-regulating substances exceeded the control, especially with the use of Biodux: 3.5 g more control in the Leon variety, 5 g more in the Yarunchik variety, 3.1 g more in the Prairie variety. The largest number of feed units has been received: in the Leon variety — when using the preparations «Biodux» and «Obereg», in the Prairie variety — the preparation «Biodux» (4.49 t /ha). More than 3 t/ha of digestible protein was obtained from Leon and Prairie varieties with “Biodux” preparation — 3.15 t/ha and 3.14 t/ha, respectively.