bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination, categorization, and hierarchy of content for a pediatric emergency medicine curriculum designed for emergency medicine residents
Authors: Cavallaro Sarah C. , Schutzman Sara , Li Joyce , Pusic Martin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education requires time‐based pediatric experiences for emergency medicine (EM) residents in both pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) and critical care settings. The American Board of Emergency Medicine has published the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, which is a list of content an EM resident should learn. However, this list is large and without prioritization and therefore can be difficult to incorporate into time‐limited curricula.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to develop comprehensive categorization of PEM content using an EM lens. The second objective was to suggest a prioritization for the EM learner of the enumerated PEM elements.MethodsWe first assembled a comprehensive list of PEM concepts, diagnoses, and procedures that might be taught to EM residents. We then convened focus groups composed of key stakeholders to help formulate content and concept themes important for EM resident training. Once the themes were identified, we divided the list of PEM topics into appropriate themes and then carried out a second round of focus groups expanded to include more diverse expert input for prioritizing the elements of the comprehensive list within each theme.ResultsWe prioritized 168 important PEM concepts from previous standards and emerging PEM literature among 10 identified themes: the pediatric normal, the bottom‐line boil‐it‐down approach, common presentations, high‐acuity pediatric cases and procedures, differences between children and adults, same between children and adults, red flags, infrequency of caring for a child compared with an adult, keep breadth but promote self‐directed depth, and triage and disposition.ConclusionsBased on input from stakeholders in EM resident education, we identified key themes within PEM education and created a framework for the hierarchical categorization of PEM content for within an EM residency.
Halogen‐Atom Transfer Enabled Catalytic Enantioselective Coupling to Chiral Trifluoromethylated Alkynes via Dual Nickel and Photocatalysis
Authors: Lu Shanya , Hu Zihao , Wang Dong , XU Tao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith halogen‐atom transfer as an effective tool, a novel catalytic enantioselective protocol to generate chiral trifluoromethylated alkynes has been established by a cooperative photoredox and nickel catalysis system, providing a straightforward and modular route to access this type of product in good yields and enantioselectivities. The halogen‐atom transfer process is essential for the reaction and this novel strategy offers another promising way to utilize alkyl halides with highly negative reduction potentials. It firstly expands nickel‐catalyzed asymmetric reductive cross‐couplings of organohalides from the traditional single‐electron transfer to halogen‐atom transfer.
Properties of soybean oil oleogels produced from sophorolipid‐derived hydroxy fatty acids, methyl esters and hydrogenated Lesquerella seed oil
Authors: Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Ashby Richard D. , Yosief Hailemichael O. , Msanne Joseph , Peterson Steven C. , Bantchev Grigor B. , Cermak Steven C. , Felker Frederick C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSophorolipids (SL) are glycolipids composed of a sophorose head‐group linked to a hydroxy‐fatty acid tail which makes them a potential source of structurally unique biobased hydroxy fatty acids. Furthermore, Lesquerella is a native southwestern plant that has been commercially cultivated as a replacement for castor seed oil due to high seed oil concentrations of 14‐hydroxy‐eicosenoic acid (14‐OH‐C20:1c11). In this study, SL‐derived hydroxy fatty acids and methyl esters containing 15‐hydroxy‐palmitic acid (15‐OH‐C16), 17‐hydroxy‐stearic acid (17‐OH‐C18), 15‐hydroxy‐palmitic acid methyl ester (15‐OH‐C16ME), 17‐hydroxy‐stearic acid methyl ester (17‐OH‐C18ME), and 13‐hydroxy‐behenic acid methyl ester (13OH‐C22ME) were obtained from the SL produced by two yeast strains. In addition, hydrogenated Lesquerella oil (HLO) was made with ~62% 14‐OH‐eicosanoic (C20) acid (14‐OH‐C20). These materials, along with 12‐hydroxy‐stearic acid (12‐OH‐C18) as a standard for comparison were used to make soybean oil oleogels, and their properties determined. The minimum gelation concentration (MGC) of 12‐OH‐C18 was 1% (wt/wt), while the MGC of 15‐OH‐C16 and 17‐OH‐C18 were 5% and 10%, respectively. The MGC for 15‐OH‐C16ME was 5%, but 17‐OH‐C18ME was unable to form a stable gel at concentrations up to 10%. HLO formed a viscous solution rather than an oleogel, but its crystal morphology underwent a large transformation during storage over a 2.5‐month period, after which it was able to form a stable gel. SL‐based hydroxy fatty acids were able to form oleogels in soybean oil and have the potential to be considered as a new source of low‐molecular weight oleogelators as well as biobased hydroxy fatty acids.
Biogas purification by CO2 removal using facilitated transport mechanism of cellulose nanocrystals/polyvinyl alcohol layered hollow fiber membranes
Authors: Nithin Mithra S. , Ahankari Sandeep S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiogas can be a viable solution for replacing the conventional fuel for reducing pollution. However, the high CO2 content in biogas must be removed for its utilization. In this study, biogas purification is carried out employing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) “selective layered” polysulfone hollow fiber membrane. The membrane chamber is designed such that the cross‐flow of the biogas can be ensured for the effective interaction of the biogas with membrane surface. From various characterization tools like field emission scanning electron microscope, FTIR, X‐ray diffraction, moisture absorption and tensile test, CNC1/PVA (1 wt% of CNC in PVA) nanocomposite film demonstrated optimum crystallinity and mechanical strength while retaining higher moisture absorption. The average selective layer thickness at this CNC concentration is 1169 nm. CO2 permeability of 17,858 barrer and the selectivity of 19 for CO2 over CH4 is observed, respectively.
Comparative anatomy and evolution of the atlantoaxial complex in the fossorial lineage Amphisbaenia (Squamata: Lacertoidea)
Authors: Araújo Salvino Clara , Hernandéz‐Morales Cristian , Daza Juan Diego , Nunes Pedro M. Sales 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe atlas and axis are the first two vertebrae from the cervical series; these two vertebrae are responsible for neck flexion, extension, and rotation movements, while providing insertion points for muscles and tendons. Amphisbaenia is a group of fossorial squamates known for having four distinctive head shapes, which are related to different excavation methods. However, little is known about the relationship between these different digging patterns and the anatomy and evolution of the atlantoaxial complex. In this study, we used computed microtomography data to describe in detail of the atlantoaxial complex for 15 species, belonging to all six current families of Amphisbaenia. Furthermore, we evaluate evolutionary scenarios of selected characters related to the atlantoaxial complex in the most recent phylogeny for Amphisbaenia, using the criteria of parsimony and maximum likelihood. Our results indicate that the evolutionary pattern of the atlantoaxial complex presents a diversification in its morphology that is not always correlated with the shape of the head. This analysis reinforces the hypothesis of remarkable morphological convergences in the evolutionary history of Amphisbaenia. Additionally, some of the characters studied may represent independent evolution through convergence in some cases (e.g., horizontal axis of the neural column) and parallelism in others (e.g., present or absent from the transverse process).
Magnetic and GPR Data Modelling via Multiscale Methods in San Pietro in Crapolla Abbey, Massa Lubrense (Naples)
Authors: Bianco Luigi , La Manna Mauro , Russo Valentina , Fedi Maurizio 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTWe performed magnetic and GPR measurements to image the buried ruins of the Middle Age abbey San Pietro in Crapolla, on the Sorrento‐Amalfi Coast (Massa Lubrense, Southern Italy). The site represents an important religious location, which is nowadays partially buried along the cliff. An integrated study was necessary to map the buried structures and address the archaeological excavation. For this reason, we carried out the surveys on two main grids in order to reconstruct the structures of the abbey and of its related church. The magnetic data were filtered through the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and then transformed to total gradient maps. The obtained maps were interpreted with depth from extreme points (DEXP) imaging method to assess the horizontal and depth positions of the top. The GPR data were processed and time‐depth converted. Results from the integrated interpretation of these data suggest the possible presence of different vaulted rooms and an elongated structure at 0.3‐m depth from ground surface. This latter is interpretable in terms of perimetral and internal walls of the abbey and its church. These outcomes were crucial to successfully address archaeological excavations, which targeted one of the modelled areas and unearthed a wall at the predicted depths.
Does disseminating scientific information on social media promote public health during the COVID‐19 pandemic?
Authors: Quan Mingzhe , Zhang Chenwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCountries worldwide are transitioning their emergency response activities into long‐term management of COVID‐19. One promising strategy to mitigate the pandemic is combining the widespread use of social media with the potential impact of scientists on science education to create healthier information ecosystems. This study analyzed data from 189 online polls involving 1,391,706 participants who are either Sina Weibo or Tencent WeChat users to explore the impact of scientific information disseminated on social media on public health. This study aimed to address the following questions: (1) Does scientific information disseminated on social media help its audiences avoid becoming infected with COVID‐19? (2) To what extent does scientific information make a difference in the infection rate of its audiences? Our study found that the COVID‐19 un‐infection rate of the audiences receiving scientific information is significantly higher than that of the general social media users. There is a significant and lasting positive correlation between the dissemination of scientific information and the un‐infection rate of its audiences. We suggest that creating healthier information ecosystems should be integrated into the long‐term management of COVID‐19, as updating the public's beliefs about the pandemic is fundamental to mitigating the ongoing threat of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Observer‐based distributed dynamic event‐triggered control of multi‐agent systems with adjustable interevent time
Authors: Wang Zeyuan , Chadli Mohammed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a novel dynamic event‐triggered control protocol for leader‐following problems of generic linear multi‐agent systems is proposed. Compared with the existing static event‐triggered strategy, the developed event‐triggered approach significantly reduces the utilization of communication resources while guaranteeing asymptotic consensus, and the interevent time is adjustable. Under this event scheduling mechanism, a synthesis approach combining controller and observer design is presented. The observer‐based control and event‐triggered rules are distributed, which only require local information of each agent to implement. The proposed methods incorporate model‐based estimation and auxiliary dynamic variables with a clock‐like behavior to prolong the interevent time as long as possible. The sufficient conditions for leader‐following consensus are established using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) formulation to facilitate numerical computation. Comparative simulations in different scenarios demonstrate the validity of the proposed theoretical results.
Midsummer precipitation prediction over eastern China by the dynamic downscaling method
Authors: Bo Zhong Kai , Chen Li Juan , Xu Wei Ping , Gu Wei Zong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study assesses the midsummer precipitation prediction over eastern China by the dynamic downscaling method. Based on the Climate Forecast System version 2 of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, the prediction performance of global and regional models on the July precipitation over eastern China is further analyzed by hindcast experiments from 1982 to 2010 and prediction experiments from 2011 to 2021. The results suggest that the regional model forced by the global model can noticeably improve the prediction skill for precipitation in eastern China, especially in the region from the South of North China to the Yangtze River Basin, referred as the northern China in this paper. In addition, we perform a diagnostic analysis of the reason for the improvement of the model prediction skill. The results indicate that the high resolution of the regional model and the refinement of physical process parameterizations contribute to improving the simulation ability for the East Asian atmospheric circulation pattern, heat flux, especially for the meridional teleconnection pattern in East Asia and the sensible heat flux in the northern China, thus further improving precipitation prediction.
Microplastics and the Water Industry
Authors: Holloway Nikki , Adams Hunter , Espindola Carlos Anthony , Ikehata Keisuke 
Published: April 2024

Key TakeawaysFound in freshwater and ocean environments, microplastics may pose hazards through chemical transfer if they are made of harmful chemicals or they can adsorb pollutants.Microplastics pollution sources include clothes washing, wastewater systems, biosolids, tire and road wear, and atmospheric particles that affect wildlife and humans.Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis should more effectively remove microplastics than microfiltration and ultrafiltration, even if the membrane barriers are also made of plastics.Analytical method progress on microplastics includes quantification (enumeration and mass concentration), size characterization, and minimum thresholds for detection (size and mass).
Modeling Copper Alloy Corrosion in Underground Service Line Components
Authors: Muller Larry 
Published: April 2024

Key TakeawaysIt's important for the water industry to determine which corrosion tests are suitable to evaluate potential alloys for service line components buried underground.Two dezincification tests were effective at correlating to field experience.Electrochemical corrosion tests using “low‐ and high‐corrosive” synthetic soil with neutral pH were not generally effective in predicting field experience.
The role of lipoylation in mitochondrial adaptation to methionine restriction
Authors: Xue Jingyuan , Ye Cunqi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDietary methionine restriction (MR) is associated with a spectrum of health‐promoting benefits. Being conducive to prevention of chronic diseases and extension of life span, MR can activate integrated responses at metabolic, transcriptional, and physiological levels. However, how the mitochondria of MR influence metabolic phenotypes remains elusive. Here, we provide a summary of cellular functions of methionine metabolism and an overview of the current understanding of effector mechanisms of MR, with a focus on the aspect of mitochondria‐mediated responses. We propose that mitochondria can sense and respond to MR through a modulatory role of lipoylation, a mitochondrial protein modification sensitized by MR.
Rational design of a nonclassical liposomal nanoscale drug delivery system for innovative cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Chunjie , Sun Xiaoqi , Feng Liangzhu , Liu Zhuang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdvanced drug delivery systems are widely considered to be powerful approaches for treating cancer and many other diseases because of their superior ability to improve pharmacokinetics, promote lesion‐targeted delivery efficacy, and/or reduce the toxic effects of diverse therapeutics. Owing to the unique biomimetic structure of lipid bilayers surrounding aqueous cavities, liposomes have been found to encapsulate various therapeutics, ranging from small molecules with different hydrophobicities to biomacromolecules. With the advent of surface PEGylation, stealth liposomes with excellent in vivo long‐circulating behaviors have been generated, thus these liposomes have been extensively explored for the development of liposomal drugs with greatly improved in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors by functioning as delivery vehicles. Inspired by their successes in clinical practice, stealth liposomes have recently been utilized as the main building scaffold or surface coating layers of other nanoparticulate formulations, which are coined as nonclassical liposomal nanoscale drug delivery systems (NDDSs) in this review, to enable the rational design of next‐generation liposomal nanomedicine. Therefore, after overviewing the latest progress in the development of conventional liposome‐based nanomedicine, we will introduce the development of these nonclassical liposomal NDDSs as well as their innovative cancer treatment strategies. We will subsequently provide a critical perspective on the future development of new cancer nanomedicines based on these rationally designed nonclassical liposomal NDDSs.
Expanding deep phenotypic spectrum associated with atypical pathogenic structural variations overlapping 15q11–q13 imprinting region
Authors: Mim Rabeya Akter , Soorajkumar Anjana , Kosaji Noor , Rahman Muhammad Mizanur , Sarker Shaoli , Karuvantevida Noushad , Eshaque Tamannyat Binte , Rahaman Md Atikur , Islam Amirul , Chowdhury Mohammod Shah Jahan , Shams Nusrat , Uddin K. M. Furkan , Akter Hosneara , Uddin Mohammed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe 15q11–q13 region is a genetic locus with genes subject to genomic imprinting, significantly influencing neurodevelopment. Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that causes differential gene expression based on the parent of origin. In most diploid organisms, gene expression typically involves an equal contribution from both maternal and paternal alleles, shaping the phenotype. Nevertheless, in mammals, including humans, mice, and marsupials, the functional equivalence of parental alleles is not universally maintained. Notably, during male and female gametogenesis, parental alleles may undergo differential marking or imprinting, thereby modifying gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) (resulting from the absence of paternally expressed genes in this region), Angelman syndrome (AS) (associated with the absence of the maternally expressed UBE3A gene), and 15q11–q13 duplication syndrome (resulting from the two common forms of duplications—either an extra isodicentric 15 chromosome or an interstitial 15 duplication), are the outcomes of genetic variations in this imprinting region.MethodsConducted a genomic study to identify the frequency of pathogenic variants impacting the 15q11–q13 region in an ethnically homogenous population from Bangladesh. Screened all known disorders from the DECIPHER database and identified variant enrichment within this cohort. Using the Horizon analysis platform, performed enrichment analysis, requiring at least >60% overlap between a copy number variation and a disorder breakpoint. Deep clinical phenotyping was carried out through multiple examination sessions to evaluate a range of clinical symptoms.ResultsThis study included eight individuals with clinically suspected PWS/AS, all previously confirmed through chromosomal microarray analysis, which revealed chromosomal breakpoints within the 15q11–q13 region. Among this cohort, six cases (75%) exhibited variable lengths of deletions, whereas two cases (25%) showed duplications. These included one type 2 duplication, one larger atypical duplication, one shorter type 2 deletion, one larger type 1 deletion, and four cases with atypical deletions. Furthermore, thorough clinical assessments led to the diagnosis of four PWS patients, two AS patients, and two individuals with 15q11–q13 duplication syndrome.ConclusionOur deep phenotypic observations identified a spectrum of clinical features that overlap and are unique to PWS, AS, and Dup15q syndromes. Our findings establish genotype–phenotype correlation for patients impacted by variable structural variations within the 15q11–q13 region.
The returned product‐process matrix: A decision‐making framework for reverse logistics operations strategic choice
Authors: Aryee Raphael , Adaku Ebenezer , Quayson Sarah , Tetteh Evelyn Ogboo Apronti 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA common and comprehensive framework that clarifies the choice of a reverse logistics (RL) strategy is still unavailable in the extant literature. Such a complete framework for RL decision‐making has the potential to offer insights for the choice of RL strategies, particularly in this era where closed‐loop supply chain is gaining traction in research and practice. Thus, this study seeks to identify RL strategies based on a systematic literature review and industry consultation. The study used the systematic literature review approach to analyse articles collected mostly from the Scopus database. The outcome is a framework, referred to as the “Returned Product‐Process Matrix” (RPPM), that offers a holistic view of RL strategies, which can serve as a decision‐support system for practitioners in choosing the appropriate RL strategy. To the best of the researchers' knowledge, the RPPM is the first attempt at comprehensively structuring and clarifying the RL decision‐making in green logistics operations.
Various faces of activist identity: The role of intrinsic and materialistic goals and mass gatherings
Authors: Zawadzka Anna Maria , Besta Tomasz , Iwanowska Magdalena 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe presented research explores the relationship between intrinsic and materialistic goals and activist identity and commitment, and whether this relationship is moderated by participation in a mass gathering. Six studies were conducted (n = 997). These included participants of mass gatherings for diverse purposes, for example, minority rights demonstrations and religious gatherings (Studies 1–4), as well as participants from the general population (Studies 5 and 6). The results of regression analysis and meta‐analysis showed that the pursuit of both intrinsic and materialistic goals predicts activist identity and commitment. Regardless of whether respondents were involved in a mass gathering during the study or not, and regardless of the cause of the gathering, community feeling—an intrinsic goal—was consistently a positive significant predictor of activist identity and commitment (Study 1–6). However, for respondents who were not involved in a mass gathering during the study, popularity—a materialistic goal – also emerged as an important positive predictor of activist identity and commitment (Study 5 and 6). Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.