bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinopathy in intravenous coaxil drug dependents
Authors: ARAKELYAN MA , BARDEEVA YUN , RYABTSEVA AA 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To study the clinical manifestation, course and the outcome, as well as treatment variants and it's efficacy in retinopathy followed by intravenous coaxil (tianeptinum) injection. Methods 23 heroine dependent males (age range 19‐36) were examined. 16 patients had lowering of the visual acuity (VA) from 5 to 20% within 3‐8 days before they applied to our clinic. In 7 patients a significant lowering of VA was attended by retinal neoangiogenesis; 4 of them appeared with hemophthalm and iris rubeosis. Increased intraocular pressure in 3 patients was a result of neovascular glaucoma. All patients had concomitant hepatitis B or C virus infection of different activity, one with neovascular glaucoma was HIV‐infected. Results The mechanism of origin, clinical course and outcome of retinopathy induced by intravenous coaxil injection is similar to those described in “talc retinopathy”, which occurs after intravenous injection of solution made of crushed and dissolved in water talc‐containing tablets. The difference is in more significant retinal damage. The disease affects both eyes. In the acute stage of retinopathy it may manifest in vascular emboli of retina and choroid, confirmed by FAG. Ophthalmoscopic examination reveals large areas of ischemia and accumulation of crystals mostly in the central retina, hemorrhages are a result of arterial and venous thrombosis followed by neovascularization of the optic nerve head and the retina, as well as hemophthalm and neovascular glaucoma. Two cases of retinopathy progressed untill blindness. Conclusion Development of the retinopathy depends on the cumulative dose in the amount of 4,500 tablets. Medical and laser treatment is unsuccessful. Thus, prognosis of retinopathy in intravenous coaxil users is unfavorable.
Visual loss following scoliosis surgery. A case report
Authors: TODOROVA MG , MESSERLI J , FLAMMER J , ORGUL S 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose We report a case of a 15‐year‐old boy who experienced visual loss in the left eye during the immediate perioperative period after scoliosis surgery. We observed a cherry‐red‐spot in the macula and a slightly swollen optic disc a day after spinal surgery and a disc pallor, hypopigmentation of the peripapillary choroid and constriction of the peripapillary vessels a week later. Risk factors of visual loss during non‐ocular surgery are assumed to be a long lasting surgery, hypotension, anaemia, excessive hydratation, systemic hypertension, direct external pressure of the eye. In young, otherwise healthy patients, the pathogenesis of this complication is likely to be the same, but further possible explanations of the pathogenesis should be considered. Methods We conducted a complete vascular workout included perimetry, colour Doppler imaging, nail‐fold‐capillary microscopy, analysis of circulating endothelin‐1. Results The results are very indicative for primary vascular dysregulation responding to various stimuli (cold, psychological stress,adrenalin) and showed pathological peripheral vasoconstriction. In this case, we postulate hypersympathicotonus occurred during scoliosis surgery and provoked massive vasospasm of the ophthalmic artery, followed by occlusion of the central retinal artery and short posterior ciliary arteries. Conclusion Heavy blood loss or sympathomimetic medication are known risk factors for complications in the eye during spinal surgery. Mechanic irritation of the perispinal region could induce hypersympathicotonus and provoke peripheral vasospasm. Analysis of vascular dysregulation factors in young healthy patients holds the potential to increase our knowledge of the pathomechanism for visual loss after uncomplicated non‐ocular surgery.
Apocrine hidradenocarcinoma in eyelid with corneal invasion
Authors: EGEA ESTOPINAN MC , SOTA P , GUERRI MONCLUS N , ALFARO J , BORQUE E , PRIETO E 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Apocrine hidradenocarcinoma has been named with different terms as apocrine carcinoma, malignant clear cell hidradenoma, nodular hidradenocarcinoma, eccrine acrospiroma, and some others. This wide terminology, together with the rarity of the tumour and variability of the cells that compose it, make it difficult to diagnose. Methods Description of a case. Results 81 years‐old female, with a history of pterygium, subject to enucleation of the eye globe after a preoperative diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma affecting ocular adnexa, this tumor infiltrated bulbar conjunctiva and cornea. Conclusion Malignant tumours of sweat glands are rare. Among these, hidradenocarcinoma has been described in multiple cutaneous locations and exceptionally in the eye. The frequency is not easy to determine because the terminology that has been used makes difficult to compare the data. In the eye, it may originate from glands of the eyelid or from lacrimal gland. The immunohistochemical study is not important for diagnosis. The neoplastic cells express low molecular weight cytokeratins, and cytokeratin 19. EMA and CEA are expressed in the luminal edge of glandular structures. It is an aggressive tumour, which can widely metastasize and can be cause of death.
Imaging features of orbital and ocular adnexal lymphomas
Authors: RYSANEK B , MOURIAUX F 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose Lymphoma is the most frequent primary orbital tumour in adults. Imaging diagnosis is a useful tool but is not specific. Methods A non comparative retrospective review of clinical and imaging characteristics between 1996 and 2006 was conducted in our department. Included patients consisted of orbital or lacrymal gland lymphoma with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and/or Computed Tomography (CT) imaging. Results Ten patients were assessed. CT‐scan and MRI‐scan showed a well‐circumscribed homogenous lesion moulding at adjacent tissues. Lack of calcifications and lack of bone destruction were observed in all cases. Most lesions were localized in the anterior extraconal orbit. Doppler showed an hypoechogenic hypervascularised lesion. Conclusion Imaging of orbital lymphomas was not specific but some characteristics were highly evocative. Imaging cannot differentiate lymphoma from some metastasis or non specific inflammation. However, imaging can in most cases differentiate lymphoma from primary tumours.
Isolated optic nerve involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: BONSHEK RE , COOK A , IRION LD 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose We present a case of isolated optic nerve involvement by B‐cell small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL/CLL). Methods A 57 year old woman with CLL stage 1 developed right‐sided visual loss progressing to blindness. There was optic disc swelling and secondary central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Imaging revealed a thickened right optic nerve. A clinical diagnosis of optic nerve sheath meningioma was made. Biopsies were taken from optic nerve sheath and abnormal‐looking optic nerve tissue. Results Histopathology revealed infiltration of optic nerve by small B‐cell lymphoma, with CD5, CD20 and CD23 positive, cyclin D1 negative, neoplastic B‐cells, with kappa light chain restriction. Molecular genetic analysis with heavy chain primers confirmed a dominant band of PCR products, consistent with monoclonal B‐cell expansion. This lymphoma phenotype was consistent with that of the previously diagnosed stage 1 CLL. Optic nerve sheath dura was uninvolved, with reactive meningeal hyperplasia only. Conclusion Although primary intraocular lymphoma and optic nerve lymphoma are present in up to 20% of cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma, isolated optic nerve lymphoma is rare. We believe this case is only the sixth reported where optic nerve biopsy was diagnostic. Other authors have noted the lack of dural involvement by lymphoma in this condition. We wish to add that in addition to potential diagnostic failure if optic nerve sheath alone is biopsied, the presence of reactive meningeal hyperplasia might lead to an erroneous diagnosis of optic nerve sheath meningioma on an inadequate biopsy specimen. Also, it is possible for accurate diagnosis to be achieved without sacrificing the optic nerve, although visual loss may not be avoided.
Spectrum of conjunctival tumors in an ocular oncology unit: review of 314 cases
Authors: PORTERO‐BENITO A , SANCHEZ‐MANNARELLI F , CARRENO‐SALAS E , MUNOZ MF , SAORNIL MA 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To report the frequency and spectrum of conjuctival tumors in an Ocular Oncology Unit from 1992 to 2008. Methods Retrospective noninterventional case series. Review of clinical charts of patients with the diagnosis of conjunctival tumor diagnosed at the Ocular Oncology Unit of the University Hospital of Valladolid from 1992 to june 2008. Demographic information and tumor features were introduced in Microsoft Access database. Results were analyzed with SPSS (version 15.0). Results Among a total of 314 cases, the mean patient age at diagnosis was 49 years, 43.3% were females and 56.7% males. Regarding the diagnosis, 149 cases (47.6%) were melanocytic, 124 (39.6%) epithelial, 30 (9.6%) soft tissues and 10 cases (3.2%) lymphoid origin. The majority of tumors were benign (63.9%) followed by the precancerous lesions (28.1%). Most of melanocytic lesions were benign (87.9%) and most epithelial were precancerous (64.5%). Conclusion Most frequent conjunctival tumors were melanocytic origin (the majority benign) and epithelial (the majority precancerous). Melanocytic, epithelial and lymphoyd tumors accounted for 90% of cases. These results are similar to others series previously published.
Iodine ‐125 episcleral brachytherapy for uveal melanoma : 133 cases
Authors: CEBALLOS GARCIA A , GARCIA ALVAREZ C , SAORNIL MA , LOPEZ‐LARA‐MARTIN F , MUNOZ MF , DE FRUTOS‐BARAJA JM , ALMARAZ A , GIRALDO‐ARGÜELLO A 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To assess the results of I125 Episcleral Brachytherapy (EB) in uveal melanoma: tumor control, visual acuity, eye preservation and survival Methods Prospective and consecutive study of patients with the diagnosis of uveal melanoma at the ocular oncology unit in the Valladolid University Hospital treated with EB between september 1997 and june 2008. Ocular examination, extraocular and systemic extension data have been registered in a database at the time of the diagnosis and during the follow up. Results Among a total of 310 patients diagnosed between September 1997 and June 2008, 133 were treated with EB with a mean age of 58.6 years. Mean follow up was 45.4 months. The onset was symptomatic in 78.2% and 66.9% were nodular and 30.1% mushroom shape. Regarding the size 80.5% were medium, 7.5 % small and 12% large. The median tumor height were 5.7 mm and median basal diameter 12 mm. The median dose to tumor apex delivered 89.6 Gy. After 4.9 year of follow up tumor were controlled in 99% with a 57.9% reduction in the mean height; only two patients showed recurrence; 64.1.% maintain visual acuity > 0.1 and 33.3% > 0.5 with . Only 7 patients underwent enucleation due to complications and there are 1 death related to melanoma up to date. Conclusion I125 Episcleral Brachytherapy is effective regarding tumour control, allowing preservation of the eye and useful visual function for the majority of patients with uveal melanoma.
Case of choroidal melanoma with massive extraocular extension through sclera
Authors: KIMURA M , OGATA N , TAKAHASHI K , SHIMA C , NISHIMURA T 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To report a case of choroidal melanoma with massive extraocular extension through the sclera. Methods A 64‐year‐old woman presented visual impairment in the right eye with a few months duration. On her first visit, her corrected visual acuity was 10/20 OD. Ocular examination revealed a raised choroidal mass behind the lens and serous retinal detachment in the lower retina. The choridal mass showed a mushroom shaped solid lesion on ultrasonography. The diagnosis of peripheral choroidal melanoma was confirmed by further examinations with the computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and brain perfusion scintigraphy. Results Because no systemic metastasis was found, we proposed her enucleation. However, she refused the enucleation and wished to be followed without any treatment. Seven months later, the tumor showed extraocular extension, and invasion of the subconjunctiva through the sclera. Finally, her right eyeball was enucleated. Histopathologically, the tumor was determined as mixed cell malignant melanoma of the choroid. The eyeball was congested with tumor cells and the tumor showed massive extraocular extension through the sclera to the orbit. The intraocular tumor presented marked necrotic lesions that indicate rapid growth of the tumor. Conclusion Choroidal melanoma extends rapidly, and resulted in extraocular extension through the sclera.
Electronic vs paper based clinical pathway for episcleral brachytherapy. Preliminary results
Authors: DE FRUTOS‐BARAJA JM , DE LUIS‐PEREZ FJ , SAORNIL‐ALVAREZ MA , LOPEZ‐LARA‐MARTIN F , CEBALLOS‐GARCIA MA , GARCIA‐ALVAREZ C , ANDRES RODRIGUEZ C 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the clinical pathway for electronic episcleral brachytherapy and their comparison with the paper‐based format. Methods Patients: Patients diagnosed with choroidal melanoma or angioma treated with epiescleral brachytherapy in our hospital since the entry into operation of the clinical pathway. The electronic clinical pathway was developed with an database Access. To quantify the following variances regarding the clinical pathway, in two formats are examined: The number of variances, number of patients with variances, variances related to patient‐related professionals, related to the hospital, not attributable to any of the above, correctable and not correctable. Data treatment: chi‐square test to determine the differences between the variations of the two formats clinical pathway is employed. The data were analyzed using a spreadsheet Excel and SPSS statistical application. Results There were no significant differences between the completion of both formats clinical pathway. Conclusion The computerisation benefit the continuity of the records of patients, allows easy access to information and provides a tool to monitor and evaluate the provision of care. It is described that help the decision‐making in the individualized treatment and allows the work in ways that are not possible in paper‐based environments. Acknowledgments: This work has been financed partly by a grant of the Junta de Castilla y León (Order SAN/1829/2007 of November 13, BOCYL of November 15, 2007)
Human papillomavirus DNA in pterygia
Authors: PIECYK‐SIDOR M , POLZ‐DACEWICZ M , ZAGORSKI Z , ZARNOWSKI T 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To examine pterygium and normal conjunctiva tissue for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and to determine the genotypes of HPV. Methods METHODS: The study involved 89 patients undergoing surgical procedures at the I Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I with pterygium (n = 58; 51 primary, 7 recurrences) and group II with with normal conjunctiva (n=31). The material was collected during elective surgical procedures. Specimens were tested for the presence of HPV genome using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Once the presence of HPV DNA was confirmed, 28 HPV genotypes were determined using reverse hybridisation. Results In group I, HPV DNA was identified in 16 patients (27.6%) whereas in group II ‐ in 3 cases (9.7%). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in the presence of HPV genome in pterygium patients compared to those with no clinical lesions of the conjunctiva (p=0.041). HPV type 16 was most frequently observed in 56% of HPV positive cases of pterygium. In 19% of cases, HPV 16 and HPV 6 co‐infections were found while in 13% ‐ HPV 18 and HPV 6 co‐infections were detected. Amongst 7 cases of recurrent pterygium, HPV 16 was detected in 2 cases. In group II, all 3 patients with HPV showed HPV 18. Conclusion In Poland, no studies concerning the presence of HPV in ocular lesions have been carried out. The group examined in our study is one of the largest populations of patients with pterygium studied for the presence of the HPV genome worldwide. Our findings show that HPV is likely to play a synergistic role in the multi‐stage process of the development of pterygium, although it is not necessary to induce this condition.
Topical use of Nerve Growth Factor on ocular flora and cytology in dogs eye surface
Authors: DODI PL , ZANOTTI C , COSTA N , ALOE L 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To investigate if topical Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) affects the ocular flora and to study corneal conjunctival cytology in dogs with different eye surface disease. Methods The present study has been conducted on 9 dogs (18 eyes) affected by different ocular surface disease. The dogs were various ages (from 2 to 10 years old) and different sexes (5 males ‐ 4 females). 6 dogs were affected by dry eye, 1 had a superficial keratitis and 2 dogs had a cornea ulcer. All dogs underwent the following examinations: cornea evaluation by slit lamp, fluorescent staining, Schirmer tear test I (STT I), corneal and conjunctival cytology. All samples made with ocular swabs were placed in a sterile blood agar. 6 dogs showed no bacteria, 3 dogs displayed Staphylococcus spp. Cytology pointed out many inflammatory cells. The dogs were topically treated with purified murine NGF diluted in paraffin oil (200 microg/ml) for 4 weeks (50 microg every 12 h). Results The result revealed that all swabs were sterile, while the cytology analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of corneal inflammatory cells. This latter observation is related to a decrease of the corneal inflammatory reduction. Conclusion This report demonstrated that NGF exerts an antibacterial and anti inflammatory activity that confirmed and extended previous evidences on NGF research. Moreover, our results suggest a potential therapeutic use of NGF in dogs with different ocular inflammatory surface. However, further clinical studies need to be done to assess the consistency of this clinic approach.
One year analysis of the cost of uveitis treatment in France: a retrospective chart review
Authors: BODAGHI B , KOBELT G , RICHARD B , PLESNILLA C , BUCHHOLZ P , BREZIN A , HERON E , LABETOULLE M , SAHEL JA 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To determine current treatment strategies and evaluate one year consumption of health care resources for patients with uveitis in France. Methods Review of consecutive patients (N = 100) from 4 French referral centers with 12 months follow‐up after the first visit. Data abstracted from the patient charts included basic demographic data, characterizing clinical parameters, and all disease‐ or treatment‐related resource consumption. Direct health care costs were estimated using publicly available standard unit costs. Indirect costs were based on standard sick leave for each type of inpatient admission or outpatient intervention and a gender‐specific cost of employment. Results 82% of patients were below age 60 (retirement age). Diseases were: posterior uveitis (36%), panuveitis (33%), chronic anterior (24%) and intermediate (7%). Patients received drug treatments (91%), triamcinolone or dexamethasone injections (8%), and laser treatment (2%). Mean direct costs per patient were €3403. Inpatient stays accounted for the largest proportion, with a mean cost of €2889 per year. For patients below 60 years with an admission or intervention, the estimated average productivity loss was €1750, leading to a mean indirect cost of €830 per patient. The estimated total minimum annual costs per patient were €4230. Conclusion Annual treatment costs in this sample were driven by frequent, extended inpatient stays. This may be due to the more severely diseased patients treated by these specialized centers. In the current sample, most patients were of working age, suggesting a substantial amount of indirect costs arising from sick leave.
Commercial interest
Genetic analysis of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with post‐operative endophthalmitis
Authors: PINNA A , USAI D , SECHI LA , ZANETTI S , KALIAMURTHY J 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To establish clonal relationship between strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from 24 patients with postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery Methods All the patients with postoperative endophthalmitis were operated at the same operation theatre in the same hospital in Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India. All the cases occurred within a time period of one month. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) primers (ERIC‐PCR) was used to establish clonal relationship between the different isolates. Results ERIC‐PCR disclosed 4 different patterns. Seventeen isolates showed an identical pattern, whereas 2 other strains were closely correlated with the former 17. Two other isolates, with identical ERIC‐PCR pattern, were genetically similar, but to a lesser extent, to the first group. The remaining 3 isolates showed identical ERIC‐PCR pattern, but they were less correlated with the other strains. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the outbreak of postoperative P. aeruginosa endophthalmitis presented here was caused predominantly by isolates with identical or very similar genetic patterns, thus suggesting a common source of infection in most cases. ERIC‐PCR appears to be an inexpensive, fast, reproducible, and discriminatory DNA typing tool for effective epidemiological surveillance of outbreaks of P. aeruginosa eye infections.
The corneal endothelium in an endotoxin‐induced uveitis model: Correlation between in vivo confocal microscopy and immunohistochemistry
Authors: TRINH L , BRIGNOLE‐BAUDOUIN F , LABBE A , RAPHAEL M , BOURGES JL , BAUDOUIN C 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose To analyze the involvement of the corneal endothelium in uveitis in order to better understand the formation mechanisms and the keratic precipitate composition. In vivo confocal microscopy images were correlated with ex vivo immunostaining of corneal endothelium from rat eyes with endotoxin‐induced uveitis (EIU). Methods EIU was induced in Lewis rats by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Slit‐lamp examination and in vivo confocal microscopy were performed 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the LPS injection. Immunohistochemistry on corneal endothelium, using antibodies to ICAM‐1, phalloidin, CD68 (anti‐macrophage), MA967 (anti‐granulocyte), alpha beta‐TCR (anti‐lymphocyte) was performed on flat‐mount corneas and was analyzed using a 3D laser confocal microscope. Results In vivo confocal microscopy showed numerous hyper‐reflective round dots on the corneal endothelium, in the anterior chamber and in the anterior stroma corresponding to inflammatory cells until 96 h, peaking at 24 h. On immunostaining, corneal endothelial cells in rats with EIU overexpressed ICAM‐1. Compared to controls, CD68, MA 967 and alpha beta‐TCR expression was observed in corneas in rats with EIU. Conclusion The correlation between in vivo confocal microscopy and ex vivo immunostaining helped to better understand in vivo confocal microscopy images. The two new techniques applied here were very effective and complementary in evaluating the corneal endothelium involvement in EIU. Based on these findings, in vivo confocal microscopy in clinical practice could be very helpful to better analyze keratic precipitates and corneal modifications in patients with uveitis.