bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thiacetarsamide in dogs with Dirofilaria immitis: Influence of decreased liver function on drug efficacy
Authors: Holmes Robert A. , McCall John W. , Prasse Keith W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The influence that decreased functional hepatic mass had on blood arsenic concentrations in dogs after they were treated with thiacetarsamide, on the clearance of indocyanine green (icg), on arsenic concentrations in the heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis), and on drug efficacy was studied. Dogs which were partially hepatectomized and treated with thiacetarsamide (1.76 mg/kg, 2 times a day for 2 days) had a significantly (P < 0.001) reduced icg clearance, significantly (P < 0.01) higher arsenic levels in heartworms, and a significantly (P < 0.01) higher proportion of heartworms killed than did dogs that were sham operated and treated with thiacetarsamide or sham operated and untreated. There were no significant differences in blood arsenic (thiacetarsamide) concentrations 2 minutes after injection between hepatectomized and non-hepatectomized groups. More male heartworms were killed than were female worms in the thiacetarsamide-treated groups.
Indocyanine green half-life was longer (12.43 minutes) in the hepatectomized group than it was in the nonhepatectomized sham-operated groups (5.09 and 4.94 minutes). Indocyanine green clearance rate was lower in the hepatectomized group (0.54 ml/min/kg) than that in the nonhepatectomized groups (1.36 and 1.56 ml/min/kg).
A parallel seemed to exist between icg and thiacetarsamide removal from the blood by the liver. This parallel also was suggested in the higher worm arsenic (thiacetarsamide) concentrations for the hepatectomized group vs that for nonhepatectomized groups. Apparently, the slower the removal of thiacetarsamide from the blood by the liver, the higher the worm arsenic level and, consequently, the higher the worm kill.
Drug residues in milk after intrauterine injection of oxytetracycline, lincomycin-spectinomycin, and povidone-iodine in cows with metritis
Authors: Kaneene John B. , Coe Paul H. , Smith James H. , Rapnicki Paul , Smith Cynthia L. , Gerloff Brian , Morrow David A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was conducted to document the maximum retention times of antimicrobial residues in milk after their use in intrauterine treatment of metritis in lactating cows and to evaluate several risk factors hypothesized to influence the retention time of these drugs.
Oxytetracycline (3 g), lincomycin-spectinomycin (2 g of one-third lincomycin and two-thirds spectinomycin), or povidone-iodine (6 g) were given to cows with metritis by intrauterine route. The Bacillus stearothermophilus var calidolactis disk assay was performed on each milk sample. Of the 61 cows treated with oxytetracycline, 30 had residues in their postinjection milk for variable periods (range, 12.5 to 44.0 hours; mean, 26.6 ± 10.3). Of the 47 cows treated with lincomycin-spectinomycin, 17 had residues in their postinjection milk for various periods (range, 14.5 to 24 hours; mean, 19.5 ± 8.9). Povidone-iodine was not detected in milk. Because a high number of cows (n = 61) were treated with oxytetracycline, only data from these cows were used in testing the influence of 3 factors (severity of metritis, time after parturition when cows with metritis were treated, and parity) on maximum retention of the drug in milk. Severity of metritis did not have a significant influence (P ≥ 0.1) on the maximum retention time of the drug. The retention time decreased linearly with the increase of time after parturition when the cow with metritis was treated. First lactation cows had a significantly (P ≤ 0.01) shorter retention time than did older cows.
Effect of prostaglandin E2 on rib fracture healing in Beagles: Histomorphometric study on periosteum adjacent to the fracture site
Authors: Shih Mei-Shu , Norrdin Robert W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A histomorphometric study was done on healing defects in the ribs of Beagles. A transverse fracture was made in the left 9th and 10th ribs. Beagles were given either ethanol vehicle (n = 6) or prostaglandin (pg) E2 orally (n = 5) for the 30-day period after surgical manipulation to time of necropsy. Double fluorescent labels to measure bone matrix mineralization were given with each of 2 fluorochrome markers-calcein before dogs were surgically manipulated and oxytetracycline hydrochloride before they were euthanatized.
The objectives were to determine the effects of fracture on regional remodeling in the periosteum, the effects of pge2 on the regional remodeling changes in the periosteum induced by the fracture, and the systemic effect of pge2 on remodeling changes of the contralateral matching sites.
The fracture in the nontreated dogs (ethanol only) stim-ulated remodeling activity in the periosteum with in-creased resorption (P < 0.01). However, after surgical manipulation (necropsy) was done, the extent of miner-alization on the bone surface was decreased and was de-creased more on the nonfractured ribs (right side) than on the fractured (healing) ribs (left side) (P < 0.05). In the treated dogs, the administration of pge2 increased the extent of mineralization on the bone surface on the healing ribs. However, as in the nontreated dogs, the administration of pge2 did not alter the decreasing pattern of mineralization when comparing the bone surfaces at necropsy with the bone surfaces before surgical manipulation was done. The extents and thicknesses of the osteoid on the 2 sides (right and left) were greater in the treated dogs than in the nontreated dogs (P < 0.01). We conclude that the regional acceleration phenomenon occurs in the periosteum of the ribs adjacent to a fracture and that the administration of pge2 alters the phase of the remodeling cycle, but has little effect on mineralization.
Hypertension in bulls and steers anesthetized with guaifenesin-thiobarbiturate-halothane combination
Authors: Semrad S. D. , Trim C. M. , Hardee G. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eight bulls and steers (research animals) and 18 bulls (surgical patients) were anesthetized with guaifenesin and thiopental or thiamylal and for 90 minutes with halothane. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in all animals. Cardiac output, plasma glucose and lactate concentrations, pcv, plasma proteins and plasma thromboxane B2 values were determined before (control) and every 15 minutes during anesthesia in the research animals. Plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured in 3 of the research animals and 3 of the surgical patients. Arterial pressure, heart rate, and plasma thromboxane B2 and catecholamine concentrations were also measured immediately after the trachea was intubated.
All animals, except one, were hypertensive during anesthesia. Heart rate during anesthesia was significantly increased, compared with control measurements, and cardiac output was decreased. Plasma glucose and lactate values significantly increased when the animals were restrained on their sides. Plasma glucose concentrations remained increased during anesthesia, but lactate decreased. Packed cell volume and plasma proteins were unchanged by the induction of anesthesia. Plasma norepinephrine concentration was unchanged during anesthesia, and epinephrine concentration was decreased. Endotracheal intubation caused a transient significant increase in arterial pressure, heart rate, and thromboxane B2 and a nonsignificant increase in norepinephrine.
Efficacy of repeated doses of levamisole, morantel, fenbendazole, and ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes in ewes
Authors: Hembry F. G. , Miller J. E. , Sims D. , Rodriguez S. , Stagg L. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Levamisole, morantel, fenbendazole, or ivermectin was administered at 2-week intervals from May 1 through Sept 14, 1985, to breeding ewes (20 ewes/drug) infected with various gastrointestinal nematodes. All ewes had fewer gastrointestinal nematode eggs per gram of feces (epg) after 2 treatments, compared with pretreatment epg counts. Ewes administered ivermectin continued to have a low mean epg (0 to 3) throughout the study. The mean epg counts of ewes treated with levamisole increased from 3 to 483 during the study. This increase was similar to that of ewes treated with morantel (7 to 485 epg). The mean epg count of fenbendazole-treated ewes increased from 4 to 192 during the study. By the end of the study, the mean epg counts when expressed as a percentage of the pretreatment epg counts were 4% (ivermectin), 249% (fenbendazole), 627% (levamisole), and 630% (morantel). With the exception of the ivermectin-treated ewes, the epg count increased almost linearly in the ewes after the 2nd anthelmintic treatment. These data indicate that the gastrointestinal nematodes (including Haemonchus contortus) may have developed more resistance to levamisole and morantel than to fenbendazole. On the basis of the epg counts, resistance to ivermectin did not develop during the 4.5-month treatment period. The percentage of ewes shedding eggs after 2, 4, and 6 anthelmintic treatments was lowest for ewes treated with ivermectin (20%) and was similar (40%) for ewes treated with 1 of the other 3 anthelmintics. At the conclusion of the study, most of the ewes (90%) were shedding at least a small number of eggs, regardless of the anthelmintic treatment. Using the epg count as the evaluation criterion, ivermectin was more effective against gastrointestinal nematodes in ewes than was levamisole, fenbendazole, or morantel.
Efficacy of an orally administered modified-live porcine origin rotavirus vaccine against postweaning diarrhea in pigs
Authors: Hoblet K. H. , Saif L. J. , Kohler E. M. , Theil K. W. , Bech-Nielsen S. , Stitzlein G. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A commercially available, porcine-origin rotavirus vaccine was evaluated for efficacy against postweaning diarrhea due to rotavirus infection in pigs. Weight gains were compared at 5 intervals after weaning. Visual scoring was used to evaluate fecal consistency. Rectal swab specimens were cultured for hemolytic E coli and evaluated for rotaviral antigen by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Milk from dams and sera from pigs and dams were evaluated for rotavirus-neutralizing antibodies by use of a plaque-reduction test. Significant differences between vaccinates and controls were not found in the determinants evaluated. Selected rotavirus-positive fecal and rectal swab specimens were examined for double-stranded (ds) RNA by use of direct electropherotyping, and the results were compared with the dsRNA pattern of rotavirus propagated from the vaccine. Only electropherotypes typical of field strain virus were found in the fecal and rectal swab specimens evaluated. Sera from guinea pigs and from a gnotobiotic pig immunized against the field strain rotavirus neutralized Ohio State University strain rotavirus (homologous to the vaccine rotavirus strain), but did not neutralize the Gottfried strain of rotavirus. This indicated that, although the dsRNA electropherotypes of the field and vaccine strains of the virus were different, the serotypes were similar, if not identical.
Treatment of canine idiopathic seborrhea with isotretinoin
Authors: Fadok Valerie A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The efficacy and safety of isotretinoin in the treatment of idiopathic seborrhea in dogs were examined. Isotretinoin was judged effective in only 1 of 8 dogs. Side effects included mild comjunctivitis, transient erythematous rash, and increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations.
Crystalloids versus colloids: Implications in fluid therapy of dogs with intestinal obstruction
Authors: Allen Douglas , Kvietys Peter R. , Granger D. Neil 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Responses of jejunal transcapillary and transmucosal fluid fluxes to iv infiision of crystalloid or colloid solutions were evaluated in 12 dogs. One isolated intestinal segment in each dog was used as the control segment, and 2 segments were distended to a intraluminal hydrostatic pressure of 10 cm of H2O. The artery supplying 1 of the 2 distended (autoperfused) segments was cannulated and perfused with blood from the femoral artery. One of the 2 distended segments was autoperfused from the femoral artery. Intraluminal pressure was increased in the autoperfused segment and in 1 other segment for three, 20-minute periods after administration of the crystalloid or colloid solution. Net transmucosal fluid flux was estimated, using a volume recovery method. In each autoperfused segment, blood flow, capillary pressure, lymph flow, and plasma protein and lymph protein concentrations were measured during each 20-minute distention period. Systemic arterial pressure was monitored throughout the procedure. Plasma and tissue oncotic pressures were calculated from the plasma protein and lymph protein concentrations. Total vascular resistance and precapillary and postcapillary resistances were determined.
Capillary pressure increased after infusion with colloids and crystalloids, with the effects being more prolonged in the colloid group. Plasma oncotic pressure transiently increased after infusion with colloids and decreased after infusion with crystalloids. Lymph flow increased only in crystalloid-treated dogs. Due to alterations in transcapillary fluid filtration, crystalloids induced a net loss of fluid into the intestinal lumen, whereas the fluid absorptive capacity of the jejunum was unaltered by colloid treatment. Results of the present study indicate that colloids are the solution of choice when large volumes of fluid are required for volume expansion in dogs with small intestinal obstruction.
Percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin and serum concentration of glucose in the blood of Japanese macaques and in three exotic ruminant species
Authors: Richter Nadine A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum glucose concentrations and percentages of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) were determined m 16 Japanese macaques and in 19 exotic ruminants (4 markhor, 5 mouflon, 10 aoudad). Mean (± sd) serum glucose concentration and GHb percentage in the Japanese macaques were 73 ± 21.8 mg/dl and 4.7 ± 0.82%, respectively. Serum glucose concentration was considered within the normal range for this species. The mean GHb percentage was within the normal range for man, indicating that GHb may be a valid indicator of long-term mean serum glucose concentration in the Japanese macaque. Mean serum glucose concentrations in the markhor, mouflon, and aoudad were 110 ± 23.2, 111.4 ± 37.1, and 132.5 ± 38.5 mg/dl, respectively, and were considered within the normal ranges for these species. Mean GHb percentages for each of the 3 ruminant species were 0.425, 1.04, and 0.74%, respectively, which may have been below the range of accuracy for the testing procedure used, probably due to low erythrocyte permeability to glucose rather than to a shortened erythrocyte lifespan.
Ultrastructural study of the equine cecum during onset of laminitis
Authors: Krueger Ann S. , Kinden D. A. , Garner H. E. , Sprouse R. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The morphologic and pathologic changes which occurred within the cecal mucosa of 4 horses during the onset of laminitis were determined from cecal biopsy materials obtained via a cecal fistula; the laminitis was induced with carbohydrate overload. The cecal epithelial mucosa specimens were obtained at 0 (base line), 24, 32, 48, and 72 horn's after horses were given carbohydrate overload, and these were fixed and subsequently photographed. Changes in the cecal epithelium were examined by transmission electron and scanning electron microscopies. These histopathologic changes indicated that the mucosal barrier was substantially damaged by the carbohydrate overload.
Effects of exogenous iron on Escherichia coli septicemia of turkeys
Authors: Bolin Carole A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of inoculation with Escherichia coli on serum iron concentrations of turkeys and the effect of exogenous iron, as ferric ammonium citrate, on E coli septicemia in turkeys were determined. Inoculation of air sacs with E coli produced hypoferremia in 18-day-old turkeys. Administration of iron with E coli significantly (P < 0.01) increased mortality, frequency and degree of bacteremia, and severity of lesions in inoculated turkeys, compared with those in turkeys given E coli but not given iron. Similar results were seen whether iron was inoculated at the same location as E coli or at a different location.
Effect of zearalenone on dairy cows
Authors: Weaver Gary A. , Kurtz Harold J. , Behrens Jerome C. , Robison Thomas S. , Seguin Bradley E. , Bates Fern Y. , Mirocha Chester J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Doses of 99% pure zearalenone (0.0, 31.25, 62.5, 125.0, 250.0, or 500.0 mg) in gelatin capsules were given once a day per os to 18 nonpregnant, nonlactating, multiparous dairy cows for 2 consecutive estrous cycles. There was no effect (P < 0.10) on serum progesterone concentrations, rbc, wbc, pcv, hemoglobin, and estrous cycle length. Differential cell counts, clinical health, and sexual behavior were not affected by the zearalenone. One cow from each of the groups given zearalenone and a control were euthanatized at the end of the study. The zearalenone had no effect on the terminal bone marrow smears and did not induce any gross lesions discernible at necropsy or any microscopic lesions in representative samples of 30 tissues/cow.
Rectal palpation of the reproductive tracts once a week indicated that the corpora lutea were small in cows given zearalenone. There was a general trend to increased hemoglobin concentrations in cows given the larger doses of zearalenone.
Zearalenone of and by itself does not seem to be an important factor in dairy cow health.
Comparison of metrizamide and iohexol for cisternal myelographic examination of dogs
Authors: Puglisi Tony A. , Green Ronald W. , Hall Charles L. , Read W. K. , Green Robert A. , Tangner Cecil H. , Mann F. A. , Hobson H. Phil 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A double-blind study, using metrizamide, iohexol, or Ringer's solution (control) as cisternal myelographic agents, was performed on 25 dogs. Before myelographic examination was done, each dog was subjected to physical, clinical pathologic, and neurologic examinations, as well as examinations by electroencephalography and computerized tomography. These were repeated 24 hours after completion of the myelographic examination. The group of dogs given metrizamide (group II) had a significantly greater occurrence of seizure activity (6 of 10) than did the control dogs (group I; 0 of 5) or dogs given iohexol (group III; 0 of 10; P < 0.003). In group n, the csf microprotein concentration was significantly greater 24 hours after myelography was done than were the values in groups I and III (P < 0.003). Myelograms of the group II dogs (metrizamide) and group III dogs (iohexol) had similar diagnostic qualities. At 24 hours after myelographic examination was done, computerized tomography scan revealed that each dog given metrizamide and iohexol had myelographic contrast material in the brain and cervical spinal cord parenchyma. Seemingly, iohexol has good diagnostic quality, but is less epileptogenic than metrizamide when used in cervical myelographic examinations of dogs.
Genotypic and phenotypic variation of biotypes coexisting in the Hickman strain of Newcastle disease virus
Authors: McMillan Blair C. , Hanson Robert P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Many Newcastle disease virus strains are composed of several biotypes which coexist in the wild and in laboratory cultures. We have studied some of the phenotypic and genotypic properties of 6 virus clones from the coexisting biotypes of the Hickman strain of Newcastle disease virus. These clones were readily distinguishable from the parent virus strain and from each other by their RNA fingerprints. Fingerprints of the most virulent clones (Hi/LC, Hi/MC, and Hi/LR) contained 61% to 77% of the oligoribonucleotides present in the fingerprint of the Hickman parent strain. None of the clones killed chickens as rapidly as did the parent strain, although some clones killed embryonating eggs as rapidly as did the parent strain.
Comparison of the antigens associated with saline solution, potassium thiocyanate, and sodium salicylate extracts of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1
Authors: Durham J. A. , Confer A. W. , Mosier D. A. , Lessley B. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pasteurella haemolytica antigenic extracts were made, using saline solution, potassium thiocyanate (kscn), and sodium salicylate (ss) extraction procedures. Of the 3 techniques, saline solution extraction resulted in the lowest protein concentration and lowest ribonucleic acid-to-protein ratio. The extracts varied in protein:carbohydrate ratios, with the kscn extract being highest and the saline solution extract the lowest. Each extract contained lipopolysaccharide, as determined by detectable quantities of 2-keto, 3-deoxyoctonate. The saline solution extract contained the fewest protein bands by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, but contained the highest molecular weight proteins.
All 3 extracts were reasonably similar antigenically, as detected by immunoblotting. Many of the protein bands present in the kscn or ss extracts did not seem to be antigenic. Each extract was subjected to chromatofocusing, and the greatest antigenic peak, for each extract, failed to bind to the exchanger. These highly antigenic peaks, designated as saline solution, kscn, or ss antigens, were similarly high in carbohydrate content, had similar antigenic-profiles, and contained high molecular weight (> 200,000) antigenic material, most likely carbohydrate in nature, as detected by immunoblotting.
Inoculation of mice with 1 of the 3 extracts or the saline solution antigen resulted in marked antibody responses; however, protection against intraperitoneal challenge exposure to P haemolytica was minimal.
Breath hydrogen concentration and small intestinal malabsorption in calves
Authors: Holland R. E. , Herdt T. H. , Refsal K. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Breath hydrogen concentrations were measured to assess intestinal carbohydrate malabsorption in preruminating calves. Oral administration of 1.25 g of lactulose (a nonabsorbable carbohydrate)/kg to calves produced breath hydrogen concentrations significantly (P < 0.001) higher than values determined after calves were fed milk and before the treatment was given. This indicates that, in the calf, fermentation of nonabsorbed carbohydrates results in increased breath hydrogen values. To induce small intestinal malabsorption, chloramphenicol was administered orally at 50 mg/kg, 2 times a day, to 5 calves for 3 days. Before therapy was started, each calf was fitted with a duodenal cannula to facilitate collection of intestinal mucosal biopsy samples during treatment. Chloramphenicol therapy significantly (P < 0.001) increased breath hydrogen concentrations from those values measured after calves were fed milk alone. Concurrently, chloramphenicol administration significantly decreased intestinal villous length (P < 0.001) and d-xylose absorption (P < 0.05), compared with those values before treatment was given. These results demonstrate that decreased intestinal absorptive capacity is associated with an increase in breath hydrogen concentrations and that breath hydrogen may be useful in evaluating malabsorption in calves with naturally occurring enteric disease.