bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of methylation of nitrogen‐containing compounds in the gas phase
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wang Haoyang , Liao Yuanxi , Ji Houwei , Guo Yinlong 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe methyl migration between the protonated N,N‐dimethylisopropylamine and other neutral aliphatic amines in the gas phase has been investigated by a hybrid external chemical ionization source ion trap mass spectrometer. Similar reactions have been found in the aqueous solution by Callahan and Wolfenden (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003; 125: 310). At the same time, density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that in contrast with the neutral N,N‐dimethylisopropylamine, protonated N,N‐dimethylisopropylamine is a better methyl donor. These results indicate that protonation promotes the methyl migration between aliphatic amines both in the gas phase and in the aqueous solution. In addition, methyl transfer also exists between the protonated N,N‐dimethylisopropylamine and some other nitrogen‐containing compounds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of Indian summer monsoon: sensitivity to cumulus parameterization in a GCM
Authors: Deb S. K. , Upadhyaya H. C. , Sharma O. P. , Grandpeix J. Y. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHindcasts for the Indian summer monsoons (ISMs) of 2002 and 2003 have been produced from a series of numerical simulations performed with a general circulation model using different cumulus parameterization schemes. Ten sets of ensemble simulations have been produced without using any vegetation scheme but by prescribing the monthly observed SST from the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) analyses. For each ensemble, ten simulations have been realised with different initial conditions that are also prepared from the ECMWF data: five each from the April and May analyses of both the years. Stream function, velocity potential with divergent winds at 200 hPa, winds at 850 hPa and rainfall patterns with their anomalies have been analysed and interpreted. The large‐scale upper and lower level circulation features are simulated satisfactorily. The spatial structure of predicted July monsoon rainfall over India shows a fair agreement with the GPCP (observed) pentad rainfall distribution. The variability associated with all‐India June–July simulated rainfall time series matches reasonably well with the observations in 2003, but the model fails to simulate the observed variability in July 2002. Further evaluation of the model‐produced precipitation in seasonal simulations is done with the help of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the GPCP rainfall over India. Since the first four EOFs explain a significant part of the total variance of the observed rainfall, the simulated precipitation is projected on to these modes. Thus, the differences in simulated and observed rainfall fields manifest in the time series of their expansion coefficients, which are utilised for inter‐comparison/evaluation of model simulations. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
A compact dual‐band dual‐polarized patch antenna for 1800/5800 MHz cellular/WLAN systems
Authors: Lai Don‐Yen , Chen Fu‐Chiarng 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we present a compact dual‐band dual‐polarized aperture‐coupled patch antenna for 1800/5800 MHz DCS/WLAN applications. With properly designed feeding network and patch dimensions, the antenna can provide a pair of orthogonal linear polarization states for dual bands operations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 345–349, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22129
Frequency selective characteristics of a new dielectric periodic structure composed of left‐handed materials
Authors: Fang Weihai , Xu Shanjia 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe frequency selective characteristics of a new dielectric periodic structure composed of left‐handed materials (LHM) are carefully investigated by a method, which combines the multimode network theory with the rigorous mode matching method. The variations of the frequency selective characteristics with structure parameters are presented and comparisons of propagation properties between right‐handed materials and LHM gratings are also shown with some explanations. Guidelines for accurate design of the left‐handed dielectric frequency selective surface are given. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 421–424, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22153
A highly miniaturized and low impedance on‐chip Wilkinson power divider employing PPGM on MMIC
Authors: Kim C. R. , Yun Y. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this work, we propose a low‐impedance and highly miniaturized on‐chip Wilkinson power divider on MMIC, which was fabricated by a microstrip line structure employing periodically perforated ground metal (PPGM) with single‐sided via holes. Using the microstrip line with PPGM, a miniaturized 13 Ω power divider was fabricated. The size of the power divider was 0.110 mm2, which was 6% of conventional one. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 491–493, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22170
Structural and functional effects of disease‐causing amino acid substitutions affecting residues Ala72 and Glu76 of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐2
Authors: Bocchinfuso Gianfranco , Stella Lorenzo , Martinelli Simone , Flex Elisabetta , Carta Claudio , Pantaleoni Francesca , Pispisa Basilio , Venanzi Mariano , Tartaglia Marco , Palleschi Antonio 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMutations of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐2 are implicated in human diseases, causing Noonan syndrome (NS) and related developmental disorders or contributing to leukemogenesis depending on the specific amino acid substitution involved. SHP‐2 is composed by a catalytic (PTP) and two regulatory (N‐SH2 and C‐SH2) domains that bind to signaling partners and control the enzymatic activity by limiting the accessibility of the catalytic site. Wild type SHP‐2 and four disease‐associated mutants recurring in hematologic malignancies (Glu76Lys and Ala72Val) or causing NS (Glu76Asp and Ala72Ser), with affected residues located in the PTP‐interacting region of the N‐SH2 domain, were analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro biochemical assays. Simulations demonstrate that mutations do not affect significantly the conformation of the N‐SH2 domain. Rather they destabilize the interaction of this domain with the catalytic site, with more evident effects in the two leukemia associated mutants. Consistent with this structural evidence, mutants exhibit an increased level of basal phosphatase activity in the order Glu76Lys > Ala72Val > Glu76Asp > Ala72Ser > WT. The experimental data also show that the mutants with higher basal activity are more responsive to an activating phosphopeptide. A thermodynamic analysis demonstrates that an increase in the overall phosphopeptide affinity of mutants can be explained by a shift in the equilibrium between the inactive and active SHP‐2 structure. These data support the view that an increase in the affinity of SHP‐2 for its binding partners, caused by destabilization of the closed, inactive conformation, rather than protein basal activation per se, would represent the molecular mechanism, leading to pathogenesis in these mutants. Proteins 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A study of K x‐ray hyper‐satellites and KMM radiative Auger effect (RAE) of the elements 19 ≤ Z ≤ 25 by photon excitation
Authors: Raju S. S. , Reddy B. Seetharami , Murti M. V. R. , Mombasawala L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractK x‐ray emission spectra were generated by photon excitation to study the Kα hyper‐satellites, KβL1, Kβ5 satellites and KMM RAE structures of the elements 19⩽Z⩽25 using a wavelength dispersive spectrometer with LiF 200 and LiF 220 crystals. The Z‐dependence of the energy shift and relative intensity of these lines with respect to the diagram lines were studied except in the case of KMM RAE constituent peaks, for which only energy shifts were examined. The measured energy shifts and relative intensities are compared with the available theoretical predictions. Three of the constituent peaks in the KMM RAE structure are assigned K‐M1M2 (3P), K‐M1M2 (1P) and K‐M1M1 (1S) transitions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strontium incorporates at sites critical for bone mineralization in rats with renal failure
Authors: Oste Line , Verberckmoes Steven C. , Behets Geert J. , Dams Geert , Bervoets An R. , Van Hoof Viviane O. , Bohic Sylvain , Drakopoulos Michael , De Broe Marc E. , D'Haese Patrick C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe previously demonstrated the development of a mineralization defect during strontium administration and its reversibility after withdrawal in rats with chronic renal failure. Recently, strontium ranelate has been introduced as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis. However, caution has to be taken, as this bone disorder mainly develops in elderly people who may present a moderately decreased renal function. In order to assess the ultra‐structural localization of strontium in bone and thereby to get a better insight into the element's systemic effects on bone, synchrotron‐based x‐ray micro‐fluorescence was applied, which showed that after 2 weeks of strontium loading (2 g l−1in drinking water) in rats with renal failure, concomitant with the development of impaired mineralization, the element was localized mainly at the outer edge of the mineralized bone, while after longer loading periods, a more homogeneous distribution was found. After washout, strontium was found at sites deeper within the trabeculae, while newly deposited low‐strontium‐containing mineral was found at the outer edges. Synchrotron x‐ray micro‐diffraction analysis showed that strontium is incorporated in the apatite crystal lattice through exchange with calcium.The results show that strontium is initially incorporated in bone at sites of active bone mineralization, close to the osteoid/mineralization front. Most likely, strontium binds to matrix proteins serving as crystal nucleation points and by heteroionic substitution with calcium within the hydroxyapatite crystals, thereby impairing further hydroxyapatite formation. After withdrawal, strontium is released from these sites, by which mineralization is restored and the previously formed strontium‐containing hydroxyapatite is buried under a new layer of mineralized bone. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Value of Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Perforated Appendicitis
Authors: Fukami Yasuyuki , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Sakamoto Eiji , Komatsu Shunichiro , Hiromatsu Takashi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic appendectomy in patients with perforated appendicitis.MethodsThis study involved a total of 73 consecutive patients who had undergone appendectomy for perforated appendicitis between January 1999 and December 2004. While 39 patients underwent open appendectomy (OA) during the first 3 years, the remaining 34 patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) during the last 3 years.ResultsThere was no case of LA converted to OA. No significant difference was found in the operating time between the two groups. Laparoscopic appendectomy was associated with less analgesic use, earlier oral intake restart (LA, 2.6 days; OA, 5.1 days), shorter median hospital stay (LA, 11.7 days; OA, 25.8 days), and lower rate of wound infections (LA, 8.8%; OA, 43.6%).ConclusionsThese results suggest that LA for perforated appendicitis is a safe procedure that may prove to have significant clinical advantages over conventional surgery.
Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives made from the derivatives of some polymeric nonionic surface‐active agents
Authors: Nakagawa H. , Watanabe S. , Fujita T. , Sakamoto M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA series of esters was prepared from the reaction of acid chlorides with polymeric nonionic surface‐active agents (copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide), and they were screened for antirust and other properties associated with water‐based cutting fluids. An aqueous emulsion of an adduct of triethanolamine and the oleic acid ester of polymeric nonionic surface‐active agent showed excellent antirust properties when used as a water‐based cutting fluid. The emulsion of triethanolamine and the mono nonyl ether of the surface‐active agent also showed antirust properties.
Neutron activation analysis as a method for measuring soil removal of unsaturated oils and for estimating their degree of aging on fabric
Authors: Choe Eun Kyung , Obendorf S. Kay 
Published: December 2006

AbstractNeutron activation analysis of bromine‐tagged oils on fabric provides a quantitative method for evaluating the degree of aging of unsaturated oils on fabric as well as a new method for measuring their soil removal by estimating the quantity of double bonds, before and after laundering. When aged at 21°C for 5 wk, 62, 63, and 20% of double bonds remained for oleic acid, triolein, and squalene, respectively. At 40°C, no double bonds were left after aging of oleic acid and triolein, whereas about 8% of the double bonds remained for squalene. A comparison of this method with the radiotracer method for soil removal measurements shows good agreement between the two methods. Proper treatment time for bromine tagging of unsaturated oils on fabric is any time between 90 s and 10 min under the bromination procedure used. The tagging of double bonds by bromine vapor has advantages of the exact one‐to‐one reaction ratio between Br2 and the number of double bonds of unsaturated oleic acid or triolein, as well as a much lower cost than other tagging reagents like OsO4. Because blank unsoiled fabric was shown to take up Br2, fabric swatches of the same size should be used as controls in neutron activation analysis. This method has advantages of its sensitivity to small amounts, use of nonlabeled soil, quantitative measurement, and ease of sample preparation over the chemical measurement of iodine value.
A high throughput drug screen based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for anticancer activity of compounds from herbal medicine
Authors: Tian H , Ip L , Luo H , Chang D C , Luo K Q 
Published: December 2006

Background and purpose:We report the development of a very efficient cell‐based high throughput screening (HTS) method, which utilizes a novel bio‐sensor that selectively detects apoptosis based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique.Experimental approach:We generated a stable HeLa cell line expressing a FRET‐based bio‐sensor protein. When cells undergo apoptosis, they activate a protease called ‘caspase‐3’. Activation of this enzyme will cleave our sensor protein and cause its fluorescence emission to shift from a wavelength of 535 nm (green) to 486 nm (blue). A decrease in the green/blue emission ratio thus gives a direct indication of apoptosis. The sensor cells are grown in 96‐well plates. After addition of different chemical compounds to each well, a fluorescence profile can be measured at various time‐points using a fluorescent plate reader. Compounds that can trigger apoptosis are potential candidates as anti‐cancer drugs.Key results:This novel cell‐based HTS method is highly effective in identifying anti‐cancer compounds. It was very sensitive in detecting apoptosis induced by various known anti‐cancer drugs. Further, this system detects apoptosis, but not necrosis, and is thus more useful than the conventional cell viability assays, such as those using MTT. Finally, we used this system to screen compounds, isolated from two plants used in Chinese medicine, and identified several effective compounds for inducing apoptosis.Conclusions and Implications:This FRET‐based HTS method is a powerful tool for identifying anti‐cancer compounds and can serve as a highly efficient platform for drug discovery.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 150, 321–334. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706988
Gene‐talk and sport‐talk: A view from the radical middle ground
Authors: Sheridan Heather , Pasveer Bernike , Van Hilvoorde Ivo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we explore and reflect critically on what elite sport may expect or fear from genetic technologies. In particular, we explore the language in which we (where ‘‘we’’ denotes scientists, sports scientists, the media, sports coaches, academics) tend to speak about genetics, elite sport, and the human body – we call this language ‘‘gene‐talk’’ – which imagines the world of elite sport as one in which genes were always dominant in athletic performance. The dominant question here seems to be whether what is thought to be possible ought to be, and can be realized. We unpack the question by asking whether the practices needed for genetics to intervene so powerfully in elite sport exist in the straightforward and uncomplicated manner that the ‘‘gene‐talk’’ literature seems to suggest. We argue that there is a lack of relevant studies to support and analyse the notion of sports performance as an immensely rich and complex practice.We conclude that elite sport may be more complex and heterogeneous than ‘‘gene‐talk’’ has imagined to date.
Acetate Correction for Postabsorption Metabolism Does Not Improve the [13C]Mixed Triacylglycerol Breath Test
Authors: Slater Christine , Preston Tom , Weaver Lawrence T 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTObjective:The [13C]mixed triacylglycerol (MTG) breath test is a noninvasive measure of fat digestion. After absorption and oxidation, 13C appears in breath CO2. Recovery is no more than 50% in healthy subjects because of sequestration of acetate in intermediary metabolism. The aims of this study were to investigate interindividual variation and postabsorptive metabolism of MTG using oral [1‐13C]acetate and to examine the use of correction factors to account for the “missing” label.Patients and Methods:[13C]mixed triacylglycerol and [1‐13C]acetate breath tests were performed on 8 healthy adults, 9 healthy children and 3 children with cystic fibrosis. Breath was sampled for 6 hours on each occasion. The enrichment of 13CO2 in breath was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Cumulative percentage dose recovered 13CO2 during the MTG test was corrected for label absorbed, but not completely oxidized using the cumulative percentage dose recovered during the acetate test.Results:Mean recovery of 13C during the [13C]MTG test with an acetate correction was close to 100% in healthy subjects: 103.1% (SD, 11.6%) in adults and 98.9% (SD, 30.3%) in children, but the wide variance indicated that some of the assumptions governing the use of acetate corrections with oral tracers may not be valid.Conclusion:The need to perform 2 tests, variation in physical activity between tests and differences in intermediary metabolism preclude the use of acetate correction factors when using [13C]MTG to assess intraluminal fat digestion, especially in children.
Decreased Coenzyme Q10 Concentration in Plasma of Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Oudshoorn Johanna H , Lecluse Anne LY , van den Berg Robin , Vaes Wouter HJ , van der Laag Johan , Houwen Roderick HJ 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTObjectives:Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an effective lipophilic antioxidant and protects against lipid peroxidation by scavenging radicals. Patients with cystic fibrosis generally have fat malabsorption; thus, we hypothesized that overall plasma CoQ10 concentration in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis might be diminished. Because these patients have increased oxidative stress due to chronic pulmonary inflammation, we also assumed that the oxidized form of CoQ10 might be relatively increased.Patients and Methods:The total plasma CoQ10 levels and the oxidized and reduced form were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography in 30 children with cystic fibrosis (mean FEV1 % predicted = 88.5% ± 18.7%) and 30 age‐matched controls.Results:Total plasma CoQ10 levels were significantly lower in the cystic fibrosis group as compared with the control group (0.87 ± 0.42 μmol/L and 1.35 ± 0.39 μmol/L, respectively; P < 0.001). When correcting for the lower serum cholesterol level in patients with cystic fibrosis, this difference remained significant: the CoQ10/cholesterol ratio (μmol/mol) was 268.8 ± 136.7 and 334.0 ± 102.9 in patients and controls, respectively (P < 0.05). However, the CoQ10 redox status was identical in patients and controls (86.4% ± 7.1% and 85.4% ± 7.3%, respectively).Conclusions:We found that the overall plasma CoQ10 concentration is lower in patients with cystic fibrosis, probably because of fat malabsorption. The CoQ10 redox status was not disturbed, indicating that CoQ10 could still be adequately regenerated in this group of patients with cystic fibrosis with mild‐to‐moderate pulmonary disease.
A Genetic Approach to Study Mechanisms of Cocaine Actiona
Authors: XU MING , HU XIU‐TI , COOPER DONALD C. , WHITE FRANCIS J. , TONEGAWA SUSUMU 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYThe brain dopamine system is thought to be the major target for the neuropharmacological actions of psychomotor stimulants such as cocaine. To investigate the mechanisms of cocaine action, we used a genetic approach, the gene‐targeting technique, and generated D1 dopamine receptor mutant mice. Locomotor activity analysis in response to cocaine indicates that, in contrast to control mice which showed a dose‐dependent increase in locomotion, D1 receptor mutant mice exhibited a dose‐dependent decrease, suggesting that D1 receptors play an essential role in mediating such effects. Extracellular single unit recording of dopamine sensitive nucleus accumbens neurons in the D1 receptor mutant mice and control mice revealed a marked reduction in the inhibitory effects of cocaine and dopamine on the generation of action potentials, suggesting that D1 receptors play a fundamental role in cocaine‐ and dopamine‐mediated neurophysiological effects within the nucleus accumbens. From these analyses, we conclude that the D1 dopamine receptor plays essential roles in mediating these effects of cocaine. In the future, the use of this powerful genetic approach will be essential for elucidating the molecular components of the signal transduction pathway leading to anatomical,