bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional spin-wave dynamics, localization and interference in a synthetic antiferromagnet
Authors: Girardi Davide , Finizio Simone , Donnelly Claire , Rubini Guglielmo , Mayr Sina , Levati Valerio , Cuccurullo Simone , Maspero Federico , Raabe Jörg , Petti Daniela , Albisetti Edoardo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpin waves are collective perturbations in the orientation of the magnetic moments in magnetically ordered materials. Their rich phenomenology is intrinsically three-dimensional; however, the three-dimensional imaging of spin waves has so far not been possible. Here, we image the three-dimensional dynamics of spin waves excited in a synthetic antiferromagnet, with nanoscale spatial resolution and sub-ns temporal resolution, using time-resolved magnetic laminography. In this way, we map the distribution of the spin-wave modes throughout the volume of the structure, revealing unexpected depth-dependent profiles originating from the interlayer dipolar interaction. We experimentally demonstrate the existence of complex three-dimensional interference patterns and analyze them via micromagnetic modelling. We find that these patterns are generated by the superposition of spin waves with non-uniform amplitude profiles, and that their features can be controlled by tuning the composition and structure of the magnetic system. Our results open unforeseen possibilities for the study and manipulation of complex spin-wave modes within nanostructures and magnonic devices.
Layer-by-layer phase transformation in Ti3O5 revealed by machine-learning molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Liu Mingfeng , Wang Jiantao , Hu Junwei , Liu Peitao , Niu Haiyang , Yan Xuexi , Li Jiangxu , Yan Haile , Yang Bo , Sun Yan , Chen Chunlin , Kresse Georg , Zuo Liang , Chen Xing-Qiu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Reconstructive phase transitions involving breaking and reconstruction of primary chemical bonds are ubiquitous and important for many technological applications. In contrast to displacive phase transitions, the dynamics of reconstructive phase transitions are usually slow due to the large energy barrier. Nevertheless, the reconstructive phase transformation from β- to λ-Ti3O5 exhibits an ultrafast and reversible behavior. Despite extensive studies, the underlying microscopic mechanism remains unclear. Here, we discover a kinetically favorable in-plane nucleated layer-by-layer transformation mechanism through metadynamics and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. This is enabled by developing an efficient machine learning potential with near first-principles accuracy through an on-the-fly active learning method and an advanced sampling technique. Our results reveal that the β−λ phase transformation initiates with the formation of two-dimensional nuclei in the a
b-plane and then proceeds layer-by-layer through a multistep barrier-lowering kinetic process via intermediate metastable phases. Our work not only provides important insight into the ultrafast and reversible nature of the β−λ transition, but also presents useful strategies and methods for tackling other complex structural phase transitions.
Transparent ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene/MXene films with efficient UV-absorption for thermal management
Authors: Liu Xianhu , Zhang Wenrui , Zhang Xin , Zhou Zhengui , Wang Chunfeng , Pan Yamin , Hu Bin , Liu Chuntai , Pan Caofeng , Shen Changyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe rational use and conversion of energy are the primary means for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. MXenes can be used for photothermal conversion, but their opaque appearance limits wider applications. Herein, we successfully develop visible-light transparent and UV-absorbing polymer composite film by solution blending the MXene with polyethylene and then vacuum pressing. The resulting film could be quickly heated to 65 °C under 400 mW cm−2 light irradiation and maintained over 85% visible-light transmittance as well as low haze (<12%). The findings of the indoor heat insulation test demonstrate that the temperature of the glass house model covered by this film was 6-7 °C lower than that of the uncovered model, revealing the potential of transparent film in energy-saving applications. In order to mimic the energy-saving condition of the building in various climates, a typical building model with this film as the outer layer of the window was created using the EnergyPlus building energy consumption software. According to predictions, they could reduce yearly refrigeration energy used by 31-61 MJ m−2, and 3%-12% of the total energy used for refrigeration in such structures. This work imply that the film has wide potential for use as transparent devices in energy-related applications.
Metabolomic profiling of cancer-related fatigue involved in cachexia and chemotherapy
Authors: Okinaka Yuki , Kageyama Susumu , Goto Toshiyuki , Sugimoto Masahiro , Tomita Atsumi , Aizawa Yumi , Kobayashi Kenichi , Wada Akinori , Kawauchi Akihiro , Kataoka Yosky 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPatients with advanced cancer are frequently burdened with a severe sensation of fatigue called cancer-related fatigue (CRF). CRF is induced at various stages and treatments, such as cachexia and chemotherapy, and reduces the overall survival of patients. Objective and quantitative assessment of CRF could contribute to the diagnosis and prediction of treatment efficacy. However, such studies have not been intensively performed, particularly regarding metabolic profiles. Here, we conducted plasma metabolomics of 15 patients with urological cancer. The patients with and without fatigue, including those with cachexia or chemotherapy-induced fatigue, were compared. Significantly lower concentrations of valine and tryptophan were observed in fatigued patients than in non-fatigued patients. In addition, significantly higher concentrations of polyamine pathway metabolites were observed in patients with fatigue and cachexia than in those without cachexia. Patients with exacerbated fatigue due to chemotherapy showed significantly decreased cysteine and methionine metabolism before chemotherapy compared with those without fatigue exacerbation. These findings suggest that plasma metabolic profiles could help improve the diagnosis and monitoring of CRF.
Design and methods of the mobile assessment of cognition, environment, and sleep (MACES) feasibility study in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients
Authors: Derbes Rebecca , Hakun Jonathan , Elbich Daniel , Master Lindsay , Berenbaum Sheri , Huang Xuemei , Buxton Orfeu M. , Chang Anne-Marie , Truica Cristina I. , Sturgeon Kathleen M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEndocrine therapy (ET) for breast cancer treatment is associated with cognitive complaints, but their etiology is poorly understood. To address this, we developed and implemented an ambulatory assessment protocol consisting of wearable activity monitors, brief surveys of affect, context, and perceived impairments, and ultra-brief performance-based measures of cognition. Newly diagnosed, ER/PR+, stage 0-III, female breast cancer patients, were recruited. Ambulatory assessments were conducted on smart phones and wearable activity monitors were used to monitor sleep and physical activity. Participants were asked to complete five 7-day measurement bursts (one before starting ET and one each month for 4 consecutive months while on ET). We observed a consent rate of 36%, 27 women completed the study. Of the women that withdrew, 91% dropped prior to the midpoint of follow up. There were no significant differences in demographics, clinical breast cancer characteristics, sleep or physical activity patterns, or measures of cognition between women who completed versus withdrew. Women who did not complete the study provided fewer valid days of baseline data. In conclusion, while some women may be overwhelmed with their cancer diagnosis, we did not identify any predictive characteristics of women whom did not complete the study. This novel method enables the prospective study of psychological changes associated with cancer treatment, capturing a wide array of information about behavior, experience, and cognition, thus providing a picture of the lived experiences of cancer patients before and during exposure to ET.
Comprehensive insights into the impact of bacterial indole-3-acetic acid on sensory preferences in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Aziz Raifa Abdul , Ramesh Poornima , Suchithra Kokkarambath Vannadil , Stothard Paul , Narayana Vanya Kadla , Raghu Shamprasad Varija , Shen Fo-Ting , Young Chiu-Chung , Prasad T. S. Keshava , Hameed Asif 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeveral bacteria of environmental and clinical origins, including some human-associated strains secrete a cross-kingdom signaling molecule indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). IAA is a tryptophan (trp) derivative mainly known for regulating plant growth and development as a hormone. However, the nutritional sources that boost IAA secretion in bacteria and the impact of secreted IAA on non-plant eukaryotic hosts remained less explored. Here, we demonstrate significant trp-dependent IAA production in Pseudomonas juntendi NEEL19 when provided with ethanol as a carbon source in liquid cultures. IAA was further characterized to modulate the odor discrimination, motility and survivability in Drosophila melanogaster. A detailed analysis of IAA-fed fly brain proteome using high-resolution mass spectrometry showed significant (fold change, ± 2; p ≤ 0.05) alteration in the proteins governing neuromuscular features, audio-visual perception and energy metabolism as compared to IAA-unfed controls. Sex-wise variations in differentially regulated proteins were witnessed despite having similar visible changes in chemo perception and psychomotor responses in IAA-fed flies. This study not only revealed ethanol-specific enhancement in trp-dependent IAA production in P. juntendi, but also showed marked behavioral alterations in flies for which variations in an array of proteins governing odor discrimination, psychomotor responses, and energy metabolism are held responsible. Our study provided novel insights into disruptive attributes of bacterial IAA that can potentially influence the eukaryotic gut-brain axis having broad environmental and clinical implications.
Balbiani body of basal insects is potentially involved in multiplication and selective elimination of mitochondria
Authors: Sekula Malgorzata , Tworzydlo Waclaw , Bilinski Szczepan M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOocytes of both vertebrates and invertebrates often contain an intricate organelle assemblage, termed the Balbiani body (Bb). It has previously been suggested that this assemblage is involved in the delivery of organelles and macromolecules to the germ plasm, formation of oocyte reserve materials, and transfer of mitochondria to the next generation. To gain further insight into the function of the Bb, we performed a series of analyses and experiments, including computer-aided 3-dimensional reconstructions, detection of DNA (mtDNA) synthesis as well as immunolocalization studies. We showed that in orthopteran Meconema meridionale, the Bb comprises a network of mitochondria and perinuclear nuage aggregations. As oogenesis progresses, the network expands filling almost entire ooplasm, then partitions into several smaller entities, termed micro-networks, and ultimately into individual mitochondria. As in somatic cells, this process involves microfilaments and elements of endoplasmic reticulum. We showed also that at least some of the individual mitochondria are surrounded by phagophores and eliminated via mitophagy. These findings support the idea that the Bb is implicated in the multiplication and selective elimination of (defective) mitochondria and therefore may participate in the transfer of undamaged (healthy) mitochondria to the next generation.
Simultaneous rotary and linear displacement sensor based on soft pneumatic sensing chambers
Authors: Ghaffari Alireza , Hojjat Yousef 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpecific industrial or research applications necessitate specialized displacement measurement conditions, thereby driving researchers to innovate sensors based on novel operating principles. One such challenging condition is the prevalence of strong electromagnetic waves, which precludes using any sensor with a metallic structure or one that operates on electrical measurement principles. Additionally, space constraints in applications requiring multidimensional displacement measurements mandate the development of sensors capable of measuring displacements simultaneously in multiple directions. This paper introduces a novel soft sensor designed to simultaneously measure linear and rotational displacements using Soft Pneumatic Sensing Chambers (SPSCs). This sensor is unique in its ability to measure both linear and rotational movements and, due to its Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) and compact size, is suitable for environments with significant electromagnetic interference and spatial constraints. Furthermore, its flexibility makes it appropriate for body-interacting applications. The Abaqus software was employed to optimize the operating parameters. Subsequently, a laboratory setup was assembled, and the sensor's performance was assessed using two calibration methods: mathematical modeling and machine learning. According to the machine learning method, the accuracy in the linear and rotational directions was 0.49 mm and 5.4°, while the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 0.05mm and 0.48°, respectively.
Spatiotemporal transcriptomic changes of human ovarian aging and the regulatory role of FOXP1
Authors: Wu Meng , Tang Weicheng , Chen Ying , Xue Liru , Dai Jun , Li Yan , Zhu Xiaoran , Wu Chuqing , Xiong Jiaqiang , Zhang Jinjin , Wu Tong , Zhou Su , Chen Dan , Sun Chaoyang , Yu Jing , Li Hongyi , Guo Yican , Huang Yibao , Zhu Qingqing , Wei Simin , Zhou Ziliang , Wu Mingfu , Li Ya , Xiang Tao , Qiao Huiying , Wang Shixuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLimited understanding exists regarding how aging impacts the cellular and molecular aspects of the human ovary. This study combines single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to systematically characterize human ovarian aging. Spatiotemporal molecular signatures of the eight types of ovarian cells during aging are observed. An analysis of age-associated changes in gene expression reveals that DNA damage response may be a key biological pathway in oocyte aging. Three granulosa cells subtypes and five theca and stromal cells subtypes, as well as their spatiotemporal transcriptomics changes during aging, are identified. FOXP1 emerges as a regulator of ovarian aging, declining with age and inhibiting CDKN1A transcription. Silencing FOXP1 results in premature ovarian insufficiency in mice. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of spatiotemporal variability in human ovarian aging, aiding the prioritization of potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.
Dynamic SARS-CoV-2 surveillance model combining seroprevalence and wastewater concentrations for post-vaccine disease burden estimates
Authors: Holm Rochelle H. , Rempala Grzegorz A. , Choi Boseung , Brick J. Michael , Amraotkar Alok R. , Keith Rachel J. , Rouchka Eric C. , Chariker Julia H. , Palmer Kenneth E. , Smith Ted , Bhatnagar Aruni 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite wide scale assessments, it remains unclear how large-scale severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination affected the wastewater concentration of the virus or the overall disease burden as measured by hospitalization rates.

Methods
We used weekly SARS-CoV-2 wastewater concentration with a stratified random sampling of seroprevalence, and linked vaccination and hospitalization data, from April 2021–August 2021 in Jefferson County, Kentucky (USA). Our susceptible ($$S$$
S
), vaccinated ($$V$$
V
), variant-specific infected ($${I}_{1}$$

I

1

and $${I}_{2}$$

I

2

), recovered ($$R$$
R
), and seropositive ($$T$$
T
) model ($${SV}{I}_{2}{RT}$$
S
V

I

2

R
T
) tracked prevalence longitudinally. This was related to wastewater concentration.

Results
Here we show the 64% county vaccination rate translate into about a 61% decrease in SARS-CoV-2 incidence. The estimated effect of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant emergence is a 24-fold increase of infection counts, which correspond to an over 9-fold increase in wastewater concentration. Hospitalization burden and wastewater concentration have the strongest correlation (r = 0.95) at 1 week lag.

Conclusions
Our study underscores the importance of continuing environmental surveillance post-vaccine and provides a proof-of-concept for environmental epidemiology monitoring of infectious disease for future pandemic preparedness.
Blocked training facilitates learning of multiple schemas
Authors: Beukers Andre O. , Collin Silvy H. P. , Kempner Ross P. , Franklin Nicholas T. , Gershman Samuel J. , Norman Kenneth A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe all possess a mental library of schemas that specify how different types of events unfold. How are these schemas acquired? A key challenge is that learning a new schema can catastrophically interfere with old knowledge. One solution to this dilemma is to use interleaved training to learn a single representation that accommodates all schemas. However, another class of models posits that catastrophic interference can be avoided by splitting off new representations when large prediction errors occur. A key differentiating prediction is that, according to splitting models, catastrophic interference can be prevented even under blocked training curricula. We conducted a series of semi-naturalistic experiments and simulations with Bayesian and neural network models to compare the predictions made by the “splitting” versus “non-splitting” hypotheses of schema learning. We found better performance in blocked compared to interleaved curricula, and explain these results using a Bayesian model that incorporates representational splitting in response to large prediction errors. In a follow-up experiment, we validated the model prediction that inserting blocked training early in learning leads to better learning performance than inserting blocked training later in learning. Our results suggest that different learning environments (i.e., curricula) play an important role in shaping schema composition.
Sink or Swim? Sleep Patterns in Highly Trained Adolescent Swimmers during the In-Season Phase of Training
Authors: Ashby Claudia , Driller Matthew W. , Suppiah Haresh , O'Donnell Shannon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the sleeping patterns of highly-trained adolescent swimmers. Further objectives were to compare subjective and objective measures of sleep and to evaluate the relationship between electronic device use and sleep in this cohort.
Methods Fifteen national-level swimmers (age: 16.4 ± 1.0 years) wore wrist actigraphs while completing sleep diaries over a two-week training period. Types of nights were classified as early morning training (≤7am - EARLY), day training (>7am - DAY), and no training (REST). Information on electronic device use before bed and other sleep behaviors was collected via questionnaires.
Results Total sleep time (TST) was significantly (p < 0.05) shorter on nights preceding EARLY (5:53 ± 1:06 hour:min) compared with nights preceding DAY (7:40 ± 1:12 hour:min) and REST (7:59 ± 1:19 hour:min). Participants overestimated subjective TST by ∼54 minutes when compared with objectively measured TST (p < 0.05).
Discussion Adolescent athletes obtained a greater amount of sleep prior to later training the next day or before rest days, when compared with early morning swim training the next day. Adolescents also overestimated their sleep duration by ∼1 hour per night. There were no significant relationships between electronic device use at night and measured sleep indices.
Life cycle of private equity investments in physician practices: an overview of private equity exits
Authors: Singh Yashaswini , Reddy Megha , Zhu Jane M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Private equity (PE) firms acquire and grow physician practices through add-on consolidation, generating outsized returns on the sale of the acquisition in 3–8 years (“exit”). Private equity's abbreviated investment timeline and exit incentives may deter long-term investments in care delivery and workforce needed for high-quality care. To our knowledge, there has been no published analyses of the nature or duration of PE exits from physician practices. We address this knowledge gap by using novel data to characterize PE exits from dermatology, ophthalmology, and gastroenterology, physician specialties with the largest number of acquisitions between 2016 and 2020. Of 807 acquisitions, over half (51.6%) of PE-acquired practices underwent an exit within 3 years of initial investment. In nearly all instances (97.8%), PE firms exited investments through secondary buyouts, where physician practices were resold to other PE firms with larger investment funds. Between investment and exit, PE firms increased the number of physician practices affiliated with the PE firm by an average of 595% in 3 years. Findings highlight the rapid scale of ownership change and consolidation under PE ownership and motivate evaluations by policymakers on the effects of PE ownership over the life cycle of PE investments.
A phased genome of the highly heterozygous ‘Texas’ almond uncovers patterns of allele-specific expression linked to heterozygous structural variants
Authors: Castanera Raúl , de Tomás Carlos , Ruggieri Valentino , Vicient Carlos , Eduardo Iban , Aranzana Maria José , Arús Pere , Casacuberta Josep M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The vast majority of traditional almond varieties are self-incompatible, and the level of variability of the species is very high, resulting in a high-heterozygosity genome. Therefore, information on the different haplotypes is particularly relevant to understand the genetic basis of trait variability in this species. However, although reference genomes for several almond varieties exist, none of them is phased and has genome information at the haplotype level. Here, we present a phased assembly of genome of the almond cv. Texas. This new assembly has 13% more assembled sequence than the previous version of the Texas genome and has an increased contiguity, in particular in repetitive regions such as the centromeres. Our analysis shows that the ‘Texas’ genome has a high degree of heterozygosity, both at SNPs, short indels, and structural variants level. Many of the SVs are the result of heterozygous transposable element insertions, and in many cases, they also contain genic sequences. In addition to the direct consequences of this genic variability on the presence/absence of genes, our results show that variants located close to genes are often associated with allele-specific gene expression, which highlights the importance of heterozygous SVs in almond.
It is Who You Know: The Influence of Faith-Based Donor Networks on the Antitrafficking Work of Faith-Based Organizations
Authors: Henriksson Andreas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Faith-based organizations (FBOs) are prevalent actors in antitrafficking work, in part due to the substantial resources existing within faith-based donor networks. FBOs are often funded by churches, other FBOs, and individual donors, which make up donor networks partly secluded from mainstream development funding. Drawing on research practices and concepts from institutional ethnography, I explore the specific composition of the donor networks of three antitrafficking FBOs in Thailand and Cambodia. I demonstrate how the character of donor networks shapes the antitrafficking work of the FBOs. The analysis shows that the three different donor networks contribute to distinctly different approaches to faith in antitrafficking. This article thus contributes to understanding the varied ways in which faith shapes the work of FBOs and sheds light on how the intertwinement of religious ideas and material resources influences the particular antitrafficking work of FBOs.