bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responding to climate change in Aotearoa New Zealand: Universities, neoliberalism and narratives of change
Authors: Lomas Danielle , Bond Sophie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article investigates how the eight universities in Aotearoa New Zealand are responding to climate change. It employs a mixed methods approach and involves a detailed analysis of the documentation that universities have produced in relation to climate change, supported by a critical discourse analysis and interviews with key actors in universities' climate change response. All universities in Aotearoa New Zealand were found to be mobilising in response to climate change, with targets set for reducing emissions, plans developed, and work programmes underway. These targets are not limited to decarbonization but include ambitions to embed sustainability values across teaching, research and campus life. While these climate change responses contain positive and aspirational narratives grounded in indigenous values, the primary discourses perpetuate neoliberal ideas of reconciliation that suggest no radical change is needed. Universities are further constrained by the impacts of neoliberalism and their need to financially survive within an unsustainable economic paradigm. The research concludes that it seems unlikely that transformational change will be led by universities in Aotearoa New Zealand.
The sensitivity of root water uptake to cold root temperature follows species‐specific upper elevational distribution limits of temperate tree species
Authors: Li Yating , Hoch Günter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhysiological water stress induced by low root temperatures might contribute to species‐specific climatic limits of tree distribution. We investigated the low temperature sensitivity of root water uptake and transport in seedlings of 16 European tree species which reach their natural upper elevation distribution limits at different distances to the alpine treeline. We used 2H‐H2O pulse‐labelling to quantify the water uptake and transport velocity from roots to leaves in seedlings exposed to constant 15°C, 7°C or 2°C root temperature, but identical aboveground temperatures between 20°C and 25°C. In all species, low root temperatures reduced the water transport rate, accompanied by reduced stem water potentials and stomatal conductance. At 7°C root temperature, the relative water uptake rates among species correlated positively with the species‐specific upper elevation limits, indicating an increasingly higher sensitivity to lower root zone temperatures, the lower a species' natural elevational distribution limit. Conversely, 2°C root temperature severely inhibited water uptake in all species, irrespective of the species' thermal elevational limits. We conclude that low temperature‐induced hydraulic constraints contribute to the cold distribution limits of temperate tree species and are a potential physiological cause behind the low temperature limits of plant growth in general.
Terpenoids are involved in the expression of systemic‐induced resistance in Austrian pine
Authors: Ghosh Soumya K. , Ishangulyyeva Guncha , Erbilgin Nadir , Bonello Pierluigi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTerpenoids are defense metabolites that are induced upon infection or wounding. However, their role in systemic‐induced resistance (SIR) is not known. Here, we explored the role of terpenoids in this phenomenon at a very early stage in the interaction between Austrian pine and the tip blight and canker pathogen Diplodia pinea. We induced Austrian pine saplings by either wounding or inoculating the lower stems with D. pinea. The seedlings were then challenged after 12 h, 72 h, or 10 days with D. pinea on the stem 15 cm above the induction. Lesion lengths and terpenoids were quantified at both induction and challenge locations. Key terpenoids were assayed for antifungal activity in in vitro bioassays. SIR increased with time and was correlated with the inducibility of several compounds. α‐Pinene and a cluster of β‐pinene, limonene, benzaldehyde, dodecanol, and n‐dodecyl acrylate were positively correlated with SIR and were fungistatic in vitro, while other compounds were negatively correlated with SIR and appeared to serve as a carbon source for D. pinea. This study shows that, overall, terpenoids are involved in SIR in this system, but their role is nuanced, depending on the type of induction and time of incubation. We hypothesize that some, such as α‐pinene, could serve in SIR signaling.
Dynamics and interplay of photosynthetic regulatory processes depend on the amplitudes of oscillating light
Authors: Niu Yuxi , Matsubara Shizue , Nedbal Ladislav , Lazár Dušan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlants have evolved multiple regulatory mechanisms to cope with natural light fluctuations. The interplay between these mechanisms leads presumably to the resilience of plants in diverse light patterns. We investigated the energy‐dependent nonphotochemical quenching (qE) and cyclic electron transports (CET) in light that oscillated with a 60‐s period with three different amplitudes. The photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) function‐related quantum yields and redox changes of plastocyanin and ferredoxin were measured in Arabidopsis thaliana wild types and mutants with partial defects in qE or CET. The decrease in quantum yield of qE due to the lack of either PsbS‐ or violaxanthin de‐epoxidase was compensated by an increase in the quantum yield of the constitutive nonphotochemical quenching. The mutant lacking NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH)‐like‐dependent CET had a transient significant PSI acceptor side limitation during the light rising phase under high amplitude of light oscillations. The mutant lacking PGR5/PGRL1‐CET restricted electron flows and failed to induce effective photosynthesis control, regardless of oscillation amplitudes. This suggests that PGR5/PGRL1‐CET is important for the regulation of PSI function in various amplitudes of light oscillation, while NDH‐like‐CET acts' as a safety valve under fluctuating light with high amplitude. The results also bespeak interplays among multiple photosynthetic regulatory mechanisms.
A histone deacetylase, FaSRT1‐2, plays multiple roles in regulating fruit ripening, plant growth and stresses resistance of cultivated strawberry
Authors: Wang Liangxin , Lin Yuanxiu , Hou Guoyan , Yang Min , Peng Yuting , Jiang Yuyan , He Caixia , She Musha , Chen Qing , Li Mengyao , Zhang Yong , Zhang Yunting , Wang Yan , He Wen , Wang Xiaorong , Tang Haoru , Luo Ya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSirtuins (SRTs) are a group of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)‐dependent deacetylase that target both histone and nonhistone proteins. The biological function of SRT in horticultural plants has been rarely studied. In this study, FaSRT1‐2 was identified as a key member of the 8 FaSRTs encoded in cultivated strawberry genome. Transient overexpression of FaSRT1‐2 in strawberry fruit accelerated ripening, increased the content of anthocyanins and sugars, enhanced ripening‐related gene expression. Moreover, stable transformation of FaSRT1‐2 in strawberry plants resulted in enhanced vegetative growth, increased sensitivity to heat stress and increased susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea infection. Interestingly, knocking out the homologous gene in woodland strawberry had the opposite effects. Additionally, we found the content of stress‐related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) was decreased, while the growth‐related gibberellin (GA) concentration was increased in FaSRT1‐2 overexpression lines. Gene expression analysis revealed induction of heat shock proteins, transcription factors, stress‐related and antioxidant genes in the FaSRT1‐2‐overexpressed plants while knocked‐out of the gene had the opposite impact. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that FaSRT1‐2 could positively promote strawberry plant vegetative growth and fruit ripening by affecting ABA and GA pathways. However, it negatively regulates the resistance to heat stress and B. cinerea infection by influencing the related gene expression.
Investigating the association of anticholinergic burden with depression in older adults: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kayahan Satış Neslihan , Naharcı Mehmet İlkin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough depression and anticholinergic drug use are common comorbidities that impair health status in later life, there are insufficient data on their relationship. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and anticholinergic use in older individuals.MethodsCommunity‐dwelling older adults (≥65 years) admitted to the tertiary referral geriatric outpatient clinic were included. Participants were evaluated for depressive symptoms using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) with a cut‐off score of ≥6 for depression. Exposure to anticholinergic drugs was assessed using the anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) scale and three subgroups were created: ACB = 0, ACB = 1, and ACB ≥ 2. The relationship between these two parameters was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis considering other potential variables.ResultsThe study included 1232 participants (mean age 78.4 ± 7.2 years and 65.2% female) and the prevalence of depression was 24%. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to ACB = 0, having ACB ≥ 2 was related to depression symptoms (odds ratio (OR): 1.56, 95% CI: 1.04–2.35, P = 0.034), whereas having ACB = 1 did not increase the risk (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.88–1.83, P = 0.205).ConclusionOur findings indicate that special attention should be paid to drug therapy in preventing depression in older adults, as exposure to a high anticholinergic load is negatively associated with psychological status.
Skin boosters: Definitions and varied classifications
Authors: Yi Kyu‐Ho , Winayanuwattikun Waranaree , Kim Sung‐Yeon , Wan Jovian , Vachatimanont Vanravi , Putri Ardhiah Iswanda , Hidajat Inneke Jane , Yogya Yuri , Pamela Ruri 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe concept of “skin boosters” has evolved, marking a shift from traditional uses of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers primarily for augmenting skin volume to a more diverse application aimed at improving dermal conditions. Restylane Vital and other HA fillers have been repurposed to combat skin aging and wrinkles by delivering HA directly to the dermis.ObjectivesThis review aims to define the term “skin booster” and to discuss the various components that constitute skin boosters. It seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the different ingredients used in skin boosters, their roles, and their impact on enhancing dermal conditions.MethodsA comprehensive review was conducted, focusing on representative skin booster ingredients. The approach involved analyzing the different elements used in skin boosters and their specific roles in enhancing dermal improvement.ResultsThe findings indicate that skin boosters, encompassing a range of ingredients, are effective in improving the condition of the skin's dermis. The review identifies key ingredients in skin boosters and their specific benefits, including hydration, elasticity improvement, and wrinkle reduction.ConclusionsSkin boosters represent a significant development in dermatological treatments, offering diverse benefits beyond traditional HA fillers. This review provides valuable insights into the constituents of skin boosters and their effectiveness, aiding readers in making informed decisions about these treatments. The potential of skin boosters in dermatological practice is considerable, warranting further research and application.
Establishment and verification of a method for analyzing nasal blackheads images
Authors: Sun Hua , Yang GuanSheng , Yuan Jing , Jiang Yanwen , Jin Gang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs people pay more attention to their skin health and the demand of developing skin care products for facial blackheads grows, the value of objective and efficient image recognition methods for blackheads is becoming more evident. Inspired by this current situation, this study attempted to analyze the number of blackheads of different severity automatically on the nose using an object recognition method on photographs of the nasal blackheads of subjects.MethodThis study collected 350 subjects’ facial photos in the laboratory environment, who aged 18–60, with blackhead symptoms in the nasal region. And expert assessment was used as a reference for machine learning to verify the performance of the nasal blackhead image recognition model through consistency and correlation analysis.ResultsThe study concluded that the algorithm accuracy reached above 0.9, the model itself was effective, and the consistency between the model and the expert assessor assessment results was good, with the number of nasal blackheads, the count of blackheads of different severity, and the intra‐group correlation coefficient ICC of blackhead severity all above 0.9, indicating that the deep learning‐based assessment model had high overall performance and the evaluation results were comparable to those of the expert assessor.ConclusionThe recognition and analyzing model of nasal blackhead images provides a scientifically objective and accurate method for identifying the number and evaluating the severity of nasal blackheads. By using this model, the efficiency of evaluating nasal blackhead images in the cosmetics clinical trial will be improved. The assessment result of nasal blackheads will be objective and stable, and not only rely on the professional knowledge and clinical experience of assessors. The model can try to be applied in cosmetics efficacy testing and continuously optimized.
Nominal licensing via dependent case: The view from pseudo noun incorporation in Wolof
Authors: Fong Suzana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBare nominals in Wolof can occur in the object position and they must be adjacent to the verb that subcategorizes for them. This is a property usually attributed to pseudo noun incorporation (PNI). However, there are two circumstances under which this adjacency requirement is obviated: a DP is introduced between the subject and the PNI‐ed object, or the latter is ‐moved. While these are disparate phenomena, a dependent case analysis of nominal licensing can account for PNI in Wolof. I assume that all nominals must be licensed with case, with case assignment being calculated in terms of dependent case. If this is not possible, a last resort strategy arises, namely surface adjacency with the verb. This analysis provides a unified analysis of PNI in Wolof.
Brane structures in microlocal sheaf theory
Authors: Jin Xin , Treumann David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLet be an exact Lagrangian submanifold of a cotangent bundle , asymptotic to a Legendrian submanifold . We study a locally constant sheaf of ‐categories on , called the sheaf of brane structures or . Its fiber is the ‐category of spectra, and we construct a Hamiltonian invariant, fully faithful functor from to the ‐category of sheaves of spectra on with singular support in .
Depiction of conversational agents as health professionals: a scoping review
Authors: MacNeill A. Luke , MacNeill Lillian , Yi Sungmin , Goudreau Alex , Luke Alison , Doucet Shelley 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the depiction of conversational agents as health professionals. We identified the professional characteristics that are used with these depictions and determined the prevalence of these characteristics among conversational agents that are used for health care.

Introduction:
The depiction of conversational agents as health professionals has implications for both the users and the developers of these programs. For this reason, it is important to know more about these depictions and how they are implemented in practical settings.

Inclusion criteria:
This review included scholarly literature on conversational agents that are used for health care. It focused on conversational agents designed for patients and health seekers, not health professionals or trainees. Conversational agents that address physical and/or mental health care were considered, as were programs that promote healthy behaviors.

Methods:
This review was conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The databases searched included MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCOhost), Scopus, Web of Science, ACM Guide to Computing Literature (Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library), and IEEE Xplore (IEEE). The main database search was conducted in June 2021, and an updated search was conducted in January 2022. Extracted data included characteristics of the report, basic characteristics of the conversational agent, and professional characteristics of the conversational agent. Extracted data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results are presented in a narrative summary and accompanying tables.

Results:
A total of 38 health-related conversational agents were identified across 41 reports. Six of these conversational agents (15.8%) had professional characteristics. Four conversational agents (10.5%) had a professional appearance in which they displayed the clothing and accessories of health professionals and appeared in professional settings. One conversational agent (2.6%) had a professional title (Dr), and 4 conversational agents (10.5%) were described as having professional roles. Professional characteristics were more common among embodied vs disembodied conversational agents.

Conclusions:
The results of this review show that the depiction of conversational agents as health professionals is not particularly common, although it does occur. More discussion is needed on the potential ethical and legal issues surrounding the depiction of conversational agents as health professionals. Future research should examine the impact of these depictions, as well as people’s attitudes toward them, to better inform recommendations for practice.
Assessment and modelling of the activation‐dependent shift in optimal length of the human soleus muscle in vivo
Authors: Bohm Sebastian , Schroll Arno , Mersmann Falk , Arampatzis Adamantios 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious in vitro and in situ studies have reported a shift in optimal muscle fibre length for force generation (L0) towards longer length at decreasing activation levels (also referred to as length‐dependent activation), yet the relevance for in vivo human muscle contractions with a variable activation pattern remains largely unclear. By a combination of dynamometry, ultrasound and electromyography (EMG), we experimentally obtained muscle force–fascicle length curves of the human soleus at 100%, 60% and 30% EMGmax levels from 15 participants aiming to investigate activation‐dependent shifts in L0 in vivo. The results showed a significant increase in L0 of 6.5 ± 6.0% from 100% to 60% EMGmax and of 9.1 ± 7.2% from 100% to 30% EMGmax (both P < 0.001), respectively, providing evidence of a moderate in vivo activation dependence of the soleus force–length relationship. Based on the experimental results, an approximation model of an activation‐dependent force–length relationship was defined for each individual separately and for the collective data of all participants, both with sufficiently high accuracy (R2 of 0.899 ± 0.056 and R2 = 0.858). This individual approximation approach and the general approximation model outcome are freely accessible and may be used to integrate activation‐dependent shifts in L0 in experimental and musculoskeletal modelling studies to improve muscle force predictions.
imageKey points
The phenomenon of the activation‐dependent shift in optimal muscle fibre length for force generation (length‐dependent activation) is poorly understood for human muscle in vivo dynamic contractions.
We experimentally observed a moderate shift in optimal fascicle length towards longer length at decreasing electromyographic activity levels for the human soleus muscle in vivo.
Based on the experimental results, we developed a freely accessible approximation model that allows the consideration of activation‐dependent shifts in optimal length in future experimental and musculoskeletal modelling studies to improve muscle force predictions.
Replacing All Fossil Fuels With Nuclear-Enabled Hydrogen, Cellulosic Hydrocarbon Biofuels, and Dispatchable Electricity
Authors: Forsberg Charles , Dale Bruce E. , Ingersoll Eric 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We describe a roadmap using three sets of technologies to enable base-load nuclear reactors to replace all fossil fuels in a low-carbon world. The technologies integrate nuclear, wind, solar, hydroelectricity and biomass energy sources. Base-load nuclear reactors with large-scale heat storage enable dispatchable electricity to the grid. The low-cost heat storage enables buying excess wind and solar electricity to charge heat storage for later electricity production while providing assured generating capacity. Nuclear hydrogen production facilities at the scale of global oil refineries produce hydrogen to replace natural gas (gaseous fuel) as a chemical feedstock and heat source. Single sites may have tens of modular reactors produced in a local factory to lower costs by converting to a manufacturing model for reactor construction. Nuclear heat and hydrogen convert cellulosic biomass into drop-in liquid hydrocarbon biofuels to replace fossil-fuel gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and hydrocarbon feed stocks for the chemical industry. External heat and hydrogen inputs increase the quantities of biofuels that can be produced per unit of cellulosic feedstock, thus assuring sufficient biomass feed stocks to replace all crude oil without major impacts on food and fiber prices. The biofuel production system enables the removal of large quantities of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere that is sequestered as carbon char in the soil while recycling plant nutrients (potassium, phosphorous, etc.) to assure agricultural and forest sustainability.
Design and Optimization of a Wearable Underactuated Mechanism for Spinal Posture Measurement
Authors: Hsu Ming-Chang , Chen Hsuan-Yu , Soong Christina , Yeh T.-J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel wearable device to monitor and record the posture and alignment of spine. The proposed device adopts an underactuated mechanism design which allows it to adapt to the multiple-degrees-of-freedom spinal posture with minimum weight and complexity. To ensure the validity of measurement and comfort of wearing, the mechanism parameters are determined first by considering a special posture and then are fine-tuned using an optimization algorithm so that uniform contact forces for several selected spinal postures can be achieved. Experiments demonstrate that the device can automatically maintain contact with the wearer’s back and offer real-time spinal posture and alignment data for medical diagnosis and treatment.
Differentiation of Optical Signals Using an Integrated Metal–Dielectric–Metal Structure
Authors: Kashapov A. I. , Bezus E. A. , Bykov D. A. , Doskolovich L. L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The authors consider the optical properties of integrated metal–dielectric–metal structures embedded in a dielectric slab waveguide and their application to the problems of first- and second-order optical differentiation of the profile of the incident optical beam in reflection. Numerical simulation results show the investigated structures allow the spatial differentiation operation to be performed with high quality. The presented results could find application in new systems for optical information processing and analog optical computing based on integrated nanophotonic structures.