bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrative Genetics Approach to Identify Candidate Genes Regulating BMD: Combining Linkage, Gene Expression, and Association
Authors: Farber Charles R , van Nas Atila , Ghazalpour Anatole , Aten Jason E , Doss Sudheer , Sos Brandon , Schadt Eric E , Ingram-Drake Leslie , Davis Richard C , Horvath Steve , Smith Desmond J , Drake Thomas A , Lusis Aldons J 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNumerous quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting bone traits have been identified in the mouse; however, few of the underlying genes have been discovered. To improve the process of transitioning from QTL to gene, we describe an integrative genetics approach, which combines linkage analysis, expression QTL (eQTL) mapping, causality modeling, and genetic association in outbred mice. In C57BL/6J × C3H/HeJ (BXH) F2 mice, nine QTLs regulating femoral BMD were identified. To select candidate genes from within each QTL region, microarray gene expression profiles from individual F2 mice were used to identify 148 genes whose expression was correlated with BMD and regulated by local eQTLs. Many of the genes that were the most highly correlated with BMD have been previously shown to modulate bone mass or skeletal development. Candidates were further prioritized by determining whether their expression was predicted to underlie variation in BMD. Using network edge orienting (NEO), a causality modeling algorithm, 18 of the 148 candidates were predicted to be causally related to differences in BMD. To fine-map QTLs, markers in outbred MF1 mice were tested for association with BMD. Three chromosome 11 SNPs were identified that were associated with BMD within the Bmd11 QTL. Finally, our approach provides strong support for Wnt9a, Rasd1, or both underlying Bmd11. Integration of multiple genetic and genomic data sets can substantially improve the efficiency of QTL fine-mapping and candidate gene identification.
Subpixel Enhancement of Nonuniform Tissue (SPENT): A Novel MRI Technique for Quantifying BMD
Authors: Yiannakas Marios C , Carmichael David W , Farquharson Michael J , Ordidge Roger J 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
BMD is commonly obtained with DXA, but this is confounded by the length and composition of tissues that the X-ray must traverse. Subpixel enhancement of nonuniform tissue (SPENT) is a novel MRI technique that can provide (direction specific) information based on the subvoxel structural uniformity of a sample. We hypothesized that the SPENT signal would be related to BMD. This hypothesis was tested using (1) 2D computer simulation of a simplified bone structure and (2) in vitro experiments. Simulation results suggested that a resolution of 610–800 μm was required for SPENT to be correlated well with the simulated bone volume fraction (BVF) and, at this resolution, a modest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR &gt; 5) was required for reasonable data quality. For the experiments, 15-mm3 human trabecular bone samples were used (1) to quantify BMD (through both physical measurement and DXA) and (2) to perform MRI on a 7T system. Standard and SPENT images were obtained. Normalized SPENT (NSPENT) images were calculated by pixel-by-pixel division of the SPENT images by the standard proton density images to remove any dependence on proton density and coil uniformity from the SPENT images. The average NSPENT values were determined over the sample volume and compared with the reference BMD measurements. Each of the individual NSPENT directions was highly correlated with BMD (x-NSPENT, R2 = 0.73, p &lt; 0.001; y-NSPENT, R2 = 0.76, p &lt; 0.001; z-NSPENT, R2 = 0.89, p &lt; 0.001). With all three individual NSPENT directions combined, the correlation with BMD was found to be the highest (xyz-NSPENT, R2 = 0.95, p &lt; 0.001). The results suggest that the SPENT technique can provide a noninvasive measure of BMD at resolution and SNR levels achievable in vivo.
Genetic Variation in Sex Hormone Genes Influences Heel Ultrasound Parameters in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men: Results From the European Male Aging Study (EMAS)
Authors: Limer Kate L , Pye Stephen R , Thomson Wendy , Boonen Steven , Borghs Herman , Vanderschueren Dirk , Huhtaniemi Ilpo T , Adams Judith E , Ward Kate A , Platt Hazel , Payne Debbie , John Sally L , Bartfai Gyorgy , Casanueva Felipe , Finn Joseph D , Forti Gianni , Giwercman Aleksander , Han Thang S , Kula Krzysztof , Lean Michael E , Pendleton Neil , Punab Margus , Silman Alan J , Wu Frederick C , O'Neill Terence W 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Genes involved in sex hormone pathways are candidates for influencing bone strength. Polymorphisms in these genes were tested for association with heel quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters in middle-aged and elderly European men. Men 40–79 yr of age were recruited from population registers in eight European centers for the European Male Aging Study (EMAS). Polymorphisms were genotyped in AR, ESR1, ESR2, CYP19A1, CYP17A1, SHBG, SRD5A2, LHB, and LHCGR. QUS parameters broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) were measured in the heel and used to derive BMD. The relationships between QUS parameters and polymorphisms were assessed using linear regression adjusting for age and center. A total of 2693 men, with a mean age of 60.1 ± 11.1 (SD) yr were included in the analysis. Their mean BUA was 80.0 ± 18.9 dB/Mhz, SOS was 1550.2 ± 34.1 m/s, and BMD was 0.542 ± 0.141 g/cm2. Significant associations were observed between multiple SNPs in a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block within CYP19A1, peaking at the TCT indel with the deletion allele associating with reduced ultrasound BMD in heterozygotes (β =−0.016, p = −0.005) and homozygotes (β = −0.029, p = 0.001). The results for BUA and SOS were similar. Significant associations with QUS parameters were also observed for the CAG repeat in AR and SNPs in CYP17A1, LHCGR, and ESR1. Our data confirm evidence of association between bone QUS parameters and polymorphisms in CYP19A1, as well as modest associations with polymorphisms in CYP17A1, ESR1, LHCGR, and AR in a population sample of European men; this supports a role for genetically determined sex hormone actions in influencing male bone health.
Sleep apnoea syndrome is highly prevalent in acromegaly and only partially reversible after biochemical control of the disease
Authors: Davi' Maria Vittoria , Carbonare Luca Dalle , Giustina Andrea , Ferrari Marcello , Frigo Anna , Lo Cascio Vincenzo , Francia Giuseppe 
Published: September 2008

BackgroundWhether sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) subsides after biochemical and clinical remission of acromegaly is controversial.ObjectiveTo assess the presence of SAS in a cohort of acromegalic patients, which included a subgroup with active disease and a subgroup in remission, and to evaluate clinical and biochemical independent predictors of SAS.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal study.SettingItalian university department of internal medicine.PatientsAbout 36 acromegalic patients: 18 active and 18 controlled.MeasurementsPolysomnography was performed in all patients and repeated in six with active acromegaly and SAS after achieving disease control. Echocardiographic parameters were also measured.ResultsThe prevalence of SAS was 47% in the overall acromegalic population: 56% in the active group and 39% in the controlled one. In a multivariate analysis IGF1, male gender, age, body mass index, and disease duration were associated with SAS. Impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes was more prevalent in patients with SAS, particularly in the severe cases. Among the six patients of the longitudinal study, five showed improvement of SAS, but none recovered. No correlation was found between echocardiographic parameters and severity of SAS.ConclusionSAS can persist after recovery of acromegaly in several patients. Given the negative prognostic significance of this respiratory disorder, polysomnography should be included as routine procedure in the work-up of the acromegaly, even if in remission, being mandatory in those patients considered at high risk (elderly males, overweight, diabetic). Appropriate intensive treatment should be implemented to minimize the clinical impact of SAS in acromegaly.
Metal accumulation and biomarker responses in Daphnia magna following cadmium and zinc exposure
Authors: Fan Wen-Hong , Tang GE , Zhao Chun-Mei , Duan Yong , Zhang Rong 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Metal accumulation (quantified as body burden) and the responses of two biomarkers (metallothionein [MT] induction and superoxide dismutase [SOD] activity) in a freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna were quantified after being exposed to different concentrations of Cd and Zn for 3 d. The Cd and Zn body burdens increased with increasing exposure concentrations. The responses of biomarkers were metal-specific and concentration-dependent. As a detoxification mechanism, MT was induced by exposure to Cd or Zn or Cd + Zn and was dependent on the exposure concentrations. Low concentrations of Cd or Zn exposure increased the SOD activity, which was, however, inhibited at higher metal exposure concentrations. Metallothionein concentrations in daphnids were significantly related to the metal body burden. The SOD activity was inversely related to Cd body burden, while it was independent of the Zn body burden. Survivorship of D. magna was high at lower Cd/MT ratios in the animals but then decreased linearly when the ratio exceeded six. In contrast, the relationship between survivorship and Zn/MT ratio was different due to the essentiality of Zn. Overall, MT induction was a useful indicator of metal pollution in cladocerans.
Selenium and mercury concentrations in California gulls breeding on the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA
Authors: Conover Michael R. , Vest Josh L. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
We examined selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg) concentrations in adult California gulls (Larus californicus) nesting on the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA, during 2006 and 2007. During 2006, the mean Se concentration (± standard error) was 18.1 ± 1.5 μg/g in blood on a dry-weight basis and 8.1 ± 0.4 μg/g in liver. During 2007, Se concentrations were 15.7 ± 1.5 μg/g in blood and 8.3 ± 0.4 μg/g in liver; Hg concentrations were 2.4 ± 0.3 μg/g in blood and 4.1 ± 0.5 μg/g in liver. Gulls collected from a freshwater colony located within the watershed of the Great Salt Lake had similar levels of Se in the blood and liver as gulls collected on the Great Salt Lake but lower Hg concentrations. Body mass of adult gulls was not correlated with Se or Hg concentrations in their blood or liver. Selenium concentration in California gull eggs collected during 2006 was 3.0 ± 0.10 μg/g. Of 72 eggs randomly collected from Great Salt Lake colonies, only one was infertile, and none of the embryos exhibited signs of malposition or deformities. We examined 100 newly hatched California gull chicks from Great Salt Lake colonies for teratogenesis; all chicks appeared normal. Hence, the elevated Se and Hg concentrations in adult gulls nesting on the Great Salt Lake did not appear to impair gulls' health or reproductive ability.
Transport properties of PVA/PEI/PEG composite membranes: sorption and permeation characterizations
Authors: Ben Hamouda Sofiane , Roudesli Sadok 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Poly(vinylalcohol)/poly(ethyleneglycol)/poly(ethyleneimine) blend membranes were prepared by solution casting followed by solvent evaporation. The chemical structure of the prepared membranes was analyzed by FTIR and DSC. The sorption behavior as well as the permeabilities of the membranes for pure CO2 and N2 were investigated. The results show that the PVA/PEI/PEG membranes possess a higher permeability of CO2 and a lower permeability of N2. The membrane displays a CO2 permeability of 27 Barrer, and a N2 permeability of 3 Barrer at 25°C and 1 bar. CO2 sorption behavior of the composite membrane, which can be classified as a dual-mode sorption model, and N2 sorption behavior of the copolymeric membrane is in agreement with the Fickian diffusion model.
The Henry reaction: spectroscopic studies of nitrile and hydroxylamine by-products formed during synthesis of psychoactive phenylalkylamines
Authors: Guy Michelle , Freeman Sally , Alder John , Brandt Simon 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
A clandestine two-step route to psychoactive racemic phenylalkylamines utilises the Henry reaction. In the first step an aromatic aldehyde reacts with a nitroalkane to give the nitrostyrene intermediate. In the second step the nitrostyrene is reduced to the phenylalkylamine. An impurity profile of both steps was evaluated through the synthesis and analysis of common street derivatives. The formation of nitrile impurities in the nitroaldol reaction and hydroxylamine impurities in the reduction step were shown by NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS. A selection of reducing agents has been used to give the phenylalkylamines, together with variable quantities of the partially reduced hydroxylamine product. GC-MS analysis of the hydroxylamines showed heat-induced disproportionation which led to the detection of the corresponding oximes.
Impact of selected supramolecular additives on the initial electrochemical lithium intercalation into graphite in propylene carbonate
Authors: Walkowiak Mariusz , Waszak Daniel , Gierczyk Błażej , Schroeder Grzegorz 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Impact of silicon tripodand-type electrolyte additives and graphite pre-treatment agents on the electrochemical intercalation of lithium cations into graphite was investigated. Addition of Si-tripodand-type silanes to propylene carbonate-based electrolytes was found to suppress detrimental solvent co-intercalation and graphite exfoliation. Similar effects were observed for graphite pre-treated with the reported silane agents. It was observed that the presented supramolecular additives allow for the formation of effective passive layers on graphite during first charging, and thus can be considered as novel low-cost film-forming components for rechargeable lithium batteries.
Density and temperature effect on hydrogen-bonded clusters in water - MD simulation study
Authors: Swiatla-Wojcik Dorota , Pabis Anna , Szala Joanna 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Molecular dynamics NVE simulations have been performed for five thermodynamic states of water including ambient, sub-and supercritical conditions. Clustering of molecules via hydrogen bonding interaction has been studied with respect to the increasing temperature and decreasing density to examine the relationship between the extent of hydrogen bonding and macroscopic properties. Calculations confirmed decrease of the average number of H-bonds per molecule and of cluster-size with increasing temperature and decreasing density. In the sub-and supercritical region studied, linear correlations between several physical quantities (density, viscosity, static dielectric constant) and the total engagement of molecules in clusters of size k &gt; 4, Pk&gt;4, have been found. In that region there was a linear relationship between Pk&gt;4 and the average number of H-bonds per water molecule. The structural heterogeneity resulting from hydrogen bonding interactions in low-density supercritical water has been also discussed.
Instability analysis of Gaussian beam propagation in a nonlinear refractive index medium
Authors: Zhao Chaoying , Tan Weihan 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
In this paper, we use a thin filament two dimensional Gaussian beam to model the self-trapping filament. The instability of the propagation of a Gaussian beam through a nonlinear refractive index media is investigated, theoretically and numerically. Specifically, the small scale instability of the beam is examined. The numerical results show that the propagation of the two dimensional Gaussian beam presents one or more nonlinear focal points.
The charge exchange reaction dp → (pp)n
Authors: Glagolev Viktor , Martinská Gabriela , Mušinský Jan , Piskunov Nikolaj , Urbán Jozef 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The ratio of the differential cross section of the charge exchange reaction of the deuteron to that of the nucleon, at small transferred momenta, has been discussed in order to estimate the spin-dependent part of the np → pn charge exchange amplitude.
Shedding new light on the regulation of complementary chromatic adaptation
Authors: Montgomery Beronda 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Complementary chromatic adaptation (CCA) is a light-dependent acclimation process that occurs in cyanobacteria and likely is related to increased fitness of these organisms in natural environments. Although CCA has been studied for over 40 years, significant advances in our understanding of the molecular foundations of CCA are still emerging. In this minireview, I explore recently reported developments that include novel insights into the molecular mechanisms utilized in the photoregulation of pigmentation and the molecular basis of light-dependent changes in cellular morphology, which are central elements of the process of CCA. I also discuss future avenues of study that are expected to lead to additional progress in our understanding of CCA and our general appreciation of light sensing and photomorphogenesis in cyanobacteria.
A low power low noise amplifier with subthreshold operation in 130 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Song Ickhyun , Jhon Hee‐Sauk , Jung Hakchul , Koo Minsuk , Shin Hyungcheol 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this article, a 5.8 GHz ISM‐band CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) operating in a subthreshold region is presented. A conventional source degeneration inductor is eliminated for higher signal gain while providing reasonable input impedance. The LNA is fabricated using 130 nm CMOS technology and measured signal gain, noise figure, and power consumption are 13.4 dB, 5.2 dB, and 980 μW, respectively, at target frequency. Also the LNA achieves the highest figure of merit among the recently published subthreshold LNAs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2762–2764, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23788
Investigations on microstrip patch antennas with different slots and feeding points
Authors: Bhunia S. , Pain M. K. , Biswas S. , Sarkar D. , Sarkar P. P. , Gupta B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSingle layer single feed dual and multifrequency patch antenna is introduced. Resonant frequency can be reduced and frequency ratio can be increased by cutting unequal rectangular slots at the edge. C band and X band operation can be successfully achieved with a size reduction of about 41%. Multifrequency operation can also be achieved by cutting two equal rectangular slots inside the patch. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2754–2758, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23790
A compact trilayer triband bandpass filter using SIR‐DGS and open‐loop resonator
Authors: Hsiao Pai‐Yi , Weng Ro‐Min 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA compact trilayer triband (TLTB) bandpass filter (BPF) is presented in this article. The proposed TLTB‐BPF consists of three layers which are two transmission lines on the top layer, open‐loop resonator on the middle layer, and the stepped‐impedance resonator (SIR) defected‐ground structure (DGS) on the bottom layer. The center frequencies of the low band and high band determined by the SIR‐DGS are 1.8 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The center frequency of the middle band which performed by the open‐loop geometry structure is 3.5 GHz. The measurement results of the insertion loss S21 are −0.97 dB, −2.8 dB, and −3.8 dB at 1.75 GHz, 3.48 GHz, and 5.81 GHz, respectively. The return losses S11 are −13.2 dB at 1.75 GHz, −17 dB at 3.48 GHz, and −11.1 dB at 5.81 GHz. The substrate material for fabrication is an FR4 PCB with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 0.8 mm. The etched size is 36.9 mm × 11.5 mm. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2751–2754, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23791
A method for improving broadband phase performance of CS/CG active balun
Authors: Liu Yu , Yang Tao , Yang Ziqiang , Chen Jia 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA method for improving broadband phase performance of common‐source/common‐gate (CS/CG) active balun is presented. By setting different terminal impedances and DC bias, the phase error of the balun can be controlled within 7° from 1 to 20 GHz in simulation. A fabricated 2–40 GHz balanced MMIC doubler using the designed active balun has the fundamental frequency suppression (FFS) of more than 16 dB. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2777–2780, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23793
Design of microstrip bandpass and lowpass filters using coupling matrix method and a new hairpin defected ground structure
Authors: Boutejdar Ahmed , Omar Abbas 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this work, we present a novel compact hairpin defected ground structure (DGS) bandpass and lowpass microstrip filter using two hairpin‐slots etched in the ground plane. A compact microstrip BPF using coupled DGS resonators is designed using coupling matrix method. The designed BPF showed very wide stopband with two transmission zeros. Furthermore, a simple technique to transform the designed BPF to a LPF was presented. The BPF was fabricated and measured. The measurement results showed good agreement with the theoretical and simulation results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2898–2901, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23794
Soft‐lithography defined coaxial‐like transmission line with 2.5 dimensional features
Authors: Farcich Nick J. , Asbeck P. M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA novel coaxial‐like transmission line is presented in this article that offers many of the advantages of single‐mode waveguides but is implemented using conventional lithographic methods. On the basis of full‐wave simulations, a prototype “2.5‐D MicroCoax” was fabricated using soft‐lithography techniques with polydimethylsiloxane serving as the substrate material. In addition to width and gap dimensional control, the structure offers an additional degree of freedom by changing the center conductor's height, thus controlling the characteristic impedance and phase velocity—all without having to compromise performance. Simulation and test results confirm the design's single‐mode, low‐loss operation up to the de‐embedded frequency range of 12.0 GHz. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2827–2830, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23798
Dual band CPW‐fed monopole antenna with asymmetrical ground plane for bandwidth enhancement
Authors: Sim Chow‐Yen‐Desmond 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe design of a simple coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed inverted C‐shaped monopole antenna with symmetrical ground plane is initially proposed. Its dual band operation is able to cover the entire wireless local area network frequency spectrum at 2.4, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz. By simply tuning one of the CPW ground‐plane widths which results in an asymmetry ground plane structure, it is found that the impedance bandwidth for the upper band is doubled to 50.7% (2650 MHz). Furthermore, its lower band centered at around 2.4 GHz is only slightly varied with an impedance bandwidth of 9.2% (220 MHz). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3001–3004, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23799