bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of perivascular tissue preservation on 5-year patency of saphenous vein composite grafts
Authors: Sohn Suk Ho , Kang Yoonjin , Kim Ji Seong , Choi Jae Woong , Hwang Ho Young 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the impact of saphenous vein (SV) harvesting with versus without perivascular tissue on the 5-year angiographic patency in coronary artery bypass grafting.

METHODS
Among the 944 patients who received coronary artery bypass grafting between 2010 and 2015, 579 patients who received off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using 1 SV as a Y-composite graft based on the in situ left internal thoracic artery were enrolled. SV harvesting was performed using no-touch technique without perivascular tissue (the NoPVT group) in 342 patients and with perivascular tissue (the PVT group) in 237 patients. Follow-up duration was 84.0 months (interquartile range 66.5–105.4). Propensity score matching was performed, and long-term clinical outcomes and angiographic patency were compared.

RESULTS
The average number of distal anastomoses per patient was comparable between the groups, although more SV grafts were anastomosed to left anterior descending territory in the PVT group than in the NoPVT group. Overall survival and cumulative incidence of cardiac death were comparable between the groups, whereas cumulative incidence of target vessel revascularization (1.3% vs 4.3% at 5 year, P = 0.009) and that of major adverse cardiac events (7.3% vs 9.9% at 5 year, P = 0.035) were lower in the PVT group than in the NoPVT group. One-year and 5-year angiographic patency rates of the SV grafts were higher in the PVT group than in the NoPVT group [97.0% vs 91.7% (P = 0.004) and 96.3% vs 89.9% (P = 0.007), respectively].

CONCLUSIONS
SV grafts harvested using no-touch technique with perivascular tissue further improved the 5-year patency of SV composite grafts compared with those without perivascular tissue.
Examining the Relationship Between Dispositional News Literacy and Discernment of Real and Misleading News: Cross-national Evidence
Authors: Chan Michael , Vaccari Cristian , Yamamoto Masahiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The importance of news literacy to attenuate belief in and spread of misinformation has been emphasized by scholars and educators in recent years. This research note presents the first cross-national evidence demonstrating how dispositional news literacy (NL) is related to individuals’ discernment of true and false news on social media. Respondents in the United States (N = 205), United Kingdom (N = 205), and Hong Kong (N = 222) saw 10 true and 10 false social media posts in random order in their native languages and rated the accuracy of the posts. Regression analyses showed that higher news literacy was related to better discernment of news veracity in all three samples, though the pattern of discernment differed. Our findings demonstrate the utility of a holistic measure of news literacy that can be applied to comparative contexts. Moreover, they show the normative benefits of dispositional news literacy that could promote better news accuracy discernment in different societies around the world.
Diurnal transcriptional variation is reduced in a nitrogen-fixing diatom endosymbiont
Authors: Abresch Heidi , Bell Tisza , Miller Scott R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Many organisms have formed symbiotic relationships with nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria to overcome N limitation. Diatoms in the family Rhopalodiaceae host unicellular, N-fixing cyanobacterial endosymbionts called spheroid bodies (SBs). Although this relationship is relatively young, SBs share many key features with older endosymbionts, including coordinated cell division and genome reduction. Unlike free-living relatives that fix N exclusively at night, SBs fix N largely during the day; however, how SB metabolism is regulated and coordinated with the host is not yet understood. We compared four SB genomes, including those from two new host species (Rhopalodia gibba and Epithemia adnata), to build a genome-wide phylogeny which provides a better understanding of SB evolutionary origins. Contrary to models of endosymbiotic genome reduction, the SB chromosome is unusually stable for an endosymbiont genome, likely due to the early loss of all mobile elements. Transcriptomic data for the R. gibba SB and host organelles addressed whether and how the allocation of transcriptional resources depends on light and nitrogen availability. Although allocation to the SB was high under all conditions, relative expression of chloroplast photosynthesis genes increased in the absence of nitrate, but this pattern was suppressed by nitrate addition. SB expression of catabolism genes was generally greater during daytime rather than at night, although the magnitude of diurnal changes in expression was modest compared to free-living Cyanobacteria. We conclude that SB daytime catabolism likely supports N-fixation by linking the process to host photosynthetic carbon fixation.
Effect of methenamine hippurate shortage on antibiotic prescribing for urinary tract infections in Norway—an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Heltveit-Olsen Silje Rebekka , Gopinathan Unni , Blix Hege Salvesen , Elstrøm Petter , Høye Sigurd 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite a lack of conclusive evidence of effect, methenamine hippurate is widely prescribed as preventive treatment for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Norway. A national discontinuation of methenamine hippurate treatment due to a 4-month drug shortage in 2019 presented an opportunity to evaluate its preventive effect on UTIs among regular users.

Objective
To estimate the impact of the methenamine hippurate drug shortage on prescription frequency of UTI antibiotics.

Methods
Data from The Norwegian Prescription Database was analysed using an interrupted time series design. The time series consisted of 56 time periods of 14 days. The model included two naturally occurring interruptions: (i) the methenamine hippurate drug shortage, and (ii) reintroduction of the drug. The study population were 18 345 women ≥50 years receiving ≥2 prescriptions of methenamine hippurate in the study period before the shortage. Main outcome measure was number of prescriptions of UTI antibiotics per 1000 methenamine hippurate users. Prescription rates of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections were analysed to assess external events affecting antibiotic prescribing patterns.

Results
We found a significant increase of 2.41 prescriptions per 1000 methenamine hippurate users per 14-day period during the drug shortage (95%CI 1.39, 3.43, P &lt; 0.001), followed by a significant reduction of −2.64 prescriptions after reintroduction (95%CI −3.66, −1.63, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
During the methenamine hippurate drug shortage, we found a significant increase in prescribing trend for UTI antibiotics followed by a significant decrease in prescribing trend after reintroduction. This change in trend seems to reflect a preventive effect of the drug on recurrent UTIs.
94 Effects of Palliative Care Consultation Triggers in the Burn Unit
Authors: Savetamal Alisa , Swanson Curtis 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Palliative care consultation has become increasingly utilized as an important part of the care of severely ill and chronically ill patients. In our burn center, in collaboration with our palliative care specialists, we introduced automatic "triggers" for palliative care consultation. We seek to assess how implementation of these triggers has changed the hospital courses of patients who died in the burn unit of their injuries. Our burn center has previously investigated the characteristics of patients succumbing to their burn injuries. In this review, we here compare our current results to the pre-trigger era.

Methods
A pre/post, retrospective review of all adult patients who died in the burn center between 2020 and 2023 was undertaken and compared to results of our previous study (2013-2017). Patient demographics were obtained (age; gender; TBSA; presence of inhalation injury; LOS; Baux scores). All patients in the later era received a palliative care (PC) consultation. Patients without burn injury were excluded (complex wounds; SJS/TENS). Patients in both time periods were stratified into early, intermediate, and late death groups ( &lt; 48 hours; &gt;48 hours and &lt; 14 days; &gt;14 days).

Results
From January 2020 to June 2023, twenty patients were identified who died of burn injuries. Of these, six (30%) were female). The average age of all of the patients was 59.4, average TBSA was 50.4, and average Baux scores of all patients was 112.4. Patients were stratified into early, intermediate, and late groups (3, 11, and 6 patients respectively; the previous review had 16, 13, and 13). The average Baux scores after stratification were 132.3, 125, and 99.5, similar to previous findings of 133.6, 93.7, and 102.6 (p&gt;0.05). The average number of procedures in each group was 0.3, 2.5, and 3.3, compared to previous findings of 0, 1.1, and 4.6 (p = 0.35). Average length of stay in the "late" group was 25.3 days, compared to 31.7 days in the previous review (p=0.48).

Conclusions
After implementation of palliative care triggers in our burn center, a greater proportion of patients fell into the intermediate death group (55% vs 30.9% previously), suggesting that having earlier palliative care conversations helped to guide families and patients in making difficult but important end-of-life discussions. In addition, the number of procedures per patient was reduced in the late death group after the institution of palliative care triggers. Length of stay in the "late" group, which was the only group not time-limited by stratification, decreased by an average of 6 day. While these findings were not statistically significant. they do suggest that PC consultation helped to guide the team and patients' families in surgical decision-making in this group of largely older patients.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Palliative care consultation can be of benefit and should be considered early for burn patients meeting institutional criteria.
546 When Do Patients Arrive to the Burn Center? “Business Hours” Don’t Apply to Burns
Authors: Mittal Rohit , Hollowed Kathleen , Carter Jeffrey E , Kahn Steven A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Burn patients can present to a medical facility at any given time. By their nature, one cannot predict when a burn injury will occur. Anecdotal accounts suggest that most burn patients present after “business hours,” however, limited objective data exists on presentation patterns of burn injury. Hospitals tend to have less staffing at night, which can impede care of complex patients. Accurate data is critical for resource allocation and patient centered care. This study seeks to characterize the frequency in which burn patients arrive to the burn center after hours.

Methods
Retrospective arrival times of all patients presenting to the emergency room at two different burn centers in different states were collected over a 1-year period. Business hours were defined as 8AM – 4 PM. Patients arrival times were queried via the institutional electronic medical records over a 1-year period. Total number of patients arriving after hours (4PM – 8AM) were compared between centers with a Fisher’s Exact Test. A secondary time window of 6PM – 8AM was also assessed.

Results
A total of 712 patients presented to the ER at both centers – 315 at center A and 397 at center B. Of these, 214 (67.9%) patients at center A and 227 (57.2%) of patients at center B presented after 4PM and before 8AM. Center A had a significantly higher number of patients arrive at night (p=0.004). Overall, 61.9% of all patients presented to the ER after normal business hours at both centers. On average, 51.1% of all patients presented to the ER in the 6PM – 8AM window at both centers.

Conclusions
This study suggests that the majority (&gt;60%) of patients present to the emergency room with a burn injury come after normal business hours. Even when business hours are extended to 6PM, more than half all patients still present after hours. Paradoxically, most centers have fewer key personnel available at night. These results have potential implications on how resources are dedicated with regards to hospital staffing of multidisciplinary burn team members and research staff for studies with time sensitive enrollment. Further study should investigate patient complexity and care quality while capturing more burn centers with a wider variety of size and geographic distribution.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Understanding patient admission, throughput, and census statistics allows optimization of staffing.
561 Financial Savings of Utilizing TeleBurn for Burn Triage
Authors: McGuire Beth , Bernal Nicole P , Pezzopane Laura K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Introduction
Hospital to hospital transfers through the emergency department (ED) after a burn injury for wound assessment/care followed by discharge is an unnecessary expense to the patient and the medical system. It presents waste to the healthcare system with EDs at capacity and having limited space/staffing.
Initially we used telemedicine stoke robot photography technology to connect the referring hospital with burn physicians through the transfer center. It has grown to include non-stroke network facilities using shared services via the electronic medical record. We sought to define the cost savings to the patient in time and dollars by expedited patient care, time reduction/resource utilization in patient flow, and show a net savings to the medical system and patient without additional time to the physicians.

Methods: Methods
Regional outreach coordinators were given posters with the TeleBurn triage information for outlying facilities to educate providers how to initiate the process.
The Teleburn triage process starts with the transfer center nurses taking information/pictures when the referring hospital provider is asking for an opinion or possible follow-up. For small/non-emergent injuries, patients are scheduled in clinic within 48 hours; if they need surgery/admission, direct admission or outpatient procedures are arranged.

Results: Results
Financials reviewed an average ED visit cost for time/travel. Over the course of the program there have been 133 patients that were triaged to clinic instead of the ED for a total cost saving of $535,069.50 and 917 hours of travel (Table 1). We continue to trend increased clinic patient visits and reduced ED visits with inpatient growth.

Conclusions
Conclusion: TeleBurn triage process can be done in a HIPPA compliant manor without having to purchase new technology or require additional physician time. We demonstrated a significant cost/time/resource savings and improved the flow through the medical system.

Applicability of Research to Practice: Applicability of Research to Practice
The TeleBurn triage program was not developed with the intention for billing these encounters but to expedite patient care and move the initial burn evaluation for smaller burns to the outpatient clinic from the ED. The program’s continued impact has led to improved connections with referring hospitals who are more confident with rapid connection and follow-up process.
780 Usage of Botulinum Toxin a in Acute Burn Care: A Case Study
Authors: Rodgers Ariel J , Barth Sarah , DuRose Lily , Fleming Irma D , Lewis Giavonni M , Thompson Callie M , LaChapelle Christopher R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Burn scar contractures over joints can be challenging for everyone, from patient to therapist to burn surgeon. They can be managed in a multitude of ways; however, the use of botulinum toxin A (BTA) in acute burns has not been described. We describe a case report introducing the possibility of the use of BTA in the acute setting to minimize scarring and reduce contracture formation.

Methods
This is a case study on a 16-year-old male with a 48% TBSA full thickness flame burn from an electrical arc, most significantly to his torso and bilateral upper extremities. The patient underwent excisional debridement and allografting within the first 72 hours after injury. Seven days later, at the time of autografting, BTA was injected under ultrasound guidance into the bilateral sternocleidomastoid (20 units each), bilateral pectoralis major (20 units each), and platysma muscles (20 units) for a total of 100 units. He required two operations to complete his autografting. He resumed aggressive therapy with range of motion exercises after 5 days of immobilization following each grafting surgery.

Results
The patient did not have any complications from BTA injections. He was able to actively participate in burn therapy over the entirety of his hospital course. Table 1 shows the bilateral shoulders’ active range of motion measurements after BTA injection. The photos in Figure 1 are representative of those measurements.

Conclusions
A paucity of literature investigating the use of BTA in chronic burn scar contractures exists. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of BTA in the management of acute burns to reduce or prevent contractures. This case study demonstrates safe administration of BTA. Drawing further conclusions of efficacy is challenging given the lack of standardized data collection or benchmarks for range of motion after burn injury. Prospective data will be beneficial in showing this efficacy and then subsequently identifying ideal patients and optimizing timing of administration.

Applicability of Research to Practice
This report of the use of BTA injections in acute burns should increase the interest in research regarding its use in the treatment algorithm for initial grafting post-injury. This case report highlights the need for range of motion benchmarks for burn patients and survivors.
Deep learning-aided topology design of metasurfaces for Rayleigh waves
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Liu Chen-Xu , Yu Gui-Lan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetasurfaces can effectively attenuate Rayleigh waves propagating in soil, safeguarding structures from ambient vibrations or earthquakes. However, there remains a lack of efficient approaches for designing metasurfaces that can isolate Rayleigh waves within desired frequency ranges under different site conditions. This study presents a deep learning (DL)-based topology optimization method for designing metasurfaces isolating Rayleigh waves in a target frequency range, which has potential applications for surface wave control. The proposed DL model employs a variational autoencoder to transform high-dimensional and discrete topologies into low-dimensional and continuous latent vectors, reducing the design difficulty. On this basis, the conditional tandem neural network is constructed to optimize latent vectors under different soil conditions, improving the design efficiency and verifying the universality of the method. The design reliability of the DL model is validated through 100 tests with determination coefficients more than 0.99. In addition, the generations of different metasurfaces for the same target are explored, providing designers with more choices. The insulation capabilities of the designed metasurfaces against Metro-induced Rayleigh waves are demonstrated from the time- and frequency-domain responses. The presented DL-aided design method provides a novel insight into the customization of metasurfaces for manipulating Rayleigh waves.
Aphid parasitism in winter wheat fields in a heterogeneous agricultural landscape
Authors: Elliott Norman C , Giles Kristopher L , Baum Kristen A , Elzay Sarah D , Backoulou Georges F 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe number, timing, and fitness of colonizing parasitoids in fields of ephemeral crops often depend on factors external to the fields. We investigated cereal aphid parasitism in 23 winter wheat fields using sentinel plants infested with bird cherry-oat aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and we investigated the effect of parasitoids on cereal aphid population growth using exclusion and parasitoid-accessible cages infested with bird cherry-oat aphids. Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Aphelinus nigritus (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), and Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in decreasing order of abundance, parasitized R. padi on sentinel plants. The mean percent parasitism in parasitoid-accessible cages was 5.2% in autumn and 35.0% in spring. Aphid population intensity was greater in complete exclusion than in parasitoid-accessible cages. Measures of landscape composition and configuration were quantified, and aphid parasitism in autumn by L. testaceipes and A. nigritus was positively associated with % landcover by summer crops and patch density. Parasitism by both species was negatively associated with contagion and % woodlands. Parasitism during spring was positively associated with % grassland and fractal dimension and negatively associated with % canola. The number of braconid mummies per sentinel plant was positively correlated to the number of braconid mummies on wheat stems from parasitoid-accessible cages. Results indicate that cereal aphid mortality caused by parasitoids and their ability to exert effective biological control is related to landscape structure. Comparing this study to an earlier study in the same agroecosystem demonstrated temporal stability of the landscape influence on aphid parasitism by L. testaceipes in winter wheat.
Combined hip arthroscopy with periacetabular osteotomy for hip dysplasia: a systematic review
Authors: Lukas Kenneth J , Ojaghi Reza , Thavorn Kednapa , Carsen Sasha , Smit Kevin , Beaulé Paul E 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical procedure that corrects acetabular dysplasia without necessarily addressing intra-articular pathology. Hip arthroscopy is being increasingly used to address soft tissue pathologies at the time of a PAO. This review aims to determine patient-reported outcome measure scores (PROMs) of combining hip arthroscopy and PAO. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify English studies that reported upon patient populations that had PAO’s performed with arthroscopy at the time of surgery for correcting developmental hip dysplasia. We identified 428 articles; 14 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria. Between 2011 and 2022, 1083 hips from the selected articles underwent a combined PAO and arthroscopic procedure, with a mean follow-up of 3.7 years. Of the studies that reported it, 63% of the evaluated population were found to have labral tears that required either labral repair (49%), labral debridement (12%) or combined procedure. Multiple PROMs were identified in the literature, with no standardized reporting system used between articles. All articles reported statistically improved patient-reported outcomes from a combined PAO and arthroscopy procedure. There was no difference in PROMs when comparing PAO performed with or without arthroscopy. One study suggested superior outcomes for active individuals who underwent PAO and arthroscopy. Patient-reported outcome scores improve significantly after PAO with or without arthroscopy, with no differences in adverse events, and only limited evidence that active individuals benefit from labral repair.