bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation by bexarotene of mRNA expression of genes in mouse lung tumors
Authors: Alyaqoub Fadel S. , Liu Yue , Tao Lianhui , Steele Vernon E. , Lubet Ronald A. , Pereira Michael A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBexarotene has demonstrated chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy towards mouse lung tumors. Using specimens from our published study that demonstrated the efficacy of bexarotene, we report herein its ability to modulate mRNA expression of genes in both lung and lung tumors. Strain A/J mice were administered vinyl carbamate to induce lung tumors. This was followed by 200 mg/kg body weight of bexarotene administered by oral gavage during Wks 4–25 or 23–25. The mice were sacrificed at Wk 25. The expression of 26 genes was decreased in lung tumors, whereas only two genes, Apolipoprotein D and CYP26b, had their mRNA expression increased by bexarotene. Genes with increased mRNA expression in untreated lung tumors include: epiregulin and kininogen‐1 (increased by more than 40‐fold) and Caspase‐3, Cyclin D1, DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt‐3a), E‐prostanoid 3 receptor (EP3), c‐myc, surfactant protein‐C, and survivin (increased by 1.7‐ to 3.6‐fold). Bexarotene decreased the mRNA expression of Caspase‐3, Dnmt‐3a, EP3, and survivin, as well as the expression of the Cyclin E1, estrogen receptor‐α, and iNOS genes. Bexarotene had a greater effect in decreasing the expression of Caspase‐3, Cyclin E1, Dnmt‐3a, EP3, iNOS, and survivin, when administered to mice with established tumors than when administered to mice while tumors were emerging. In summary, bexarotene modulated mRNA expression of genes in mouse lung tumors, being more effective in established tumors than in emerging tumors, suggesting that modulation of expression could be useful as a biomarker for the therapeutic and chemopreventive activity of the drug, especially in established tumors. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rating catatonia in patients with chronic schizophrenia: Rasch analysis of the Bush–Francis Catatonia Rating Scale
Authors: Wong Eric , Ungvari Gabor S. , Leung Siu‐Kau , Tang Wai‐Kwong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground. Catatonic signs and symptoms are frequently observed in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Clinical surveys have suggested that the composition of catatonic syndrome occurring in chronic schizophrenia may be different from what is found in acute psychiatric disorders or medical conditions. Consequently, this patient population may need tailor‐made rating instruments for catatonia. The aim of the present study was to examine the suitability and accuracy of using the Bush–Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS) in chronic schizophrenia inpatients.Method. The unidimensionality (optimal number of items; item fit), and the scoring scheme (the optimal number of scoring categories) of the BFCRS were determined in a random sample of 225 patients with chronic schizophrenia applying Rasch analysis. In addition, differential item functioning (DIF) analysis was also performed.Results. The BFCRS proved to be unidimensional apart from three misfit and one marginally misfit items. The three misfit items were removed from the scale thereby constructing a revised version called BFCRS‐R. Since the original BFCRS (BFCRS‐O) showed no increase across items across steep gradients (poor endorsability of step calibrations), in BFCRS‐R a binary scale (‘absent’ versus ‘present’ choices only) was constructed instead of the scoring scheme of 0–3.The 20‐item BFCRS‐R showed improved psychometric properties in that it had a higher item separation index than BFCRS‐O. BFCRS‐R mean logit was closer to zero indicating that the items on the scale and the subjects were better matched than in BFCRS‐O. DIF analysis showed that certain items of both versions of BFCRS were influenced by the presence of negative symptoms.Conclusion. BFCRS‐R is shorter and simpler than the original version and having better psychometric properties seems to be better suited for identifying and quantifying catatonia in chronic psychotic patients. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Son, Ltd.
Influence of Structure on Polymerization Rates and Ca‐Binding of Phosphorus‐Containing 1,6‐Dienes
Authors: Albayrak Aylin Ziylan , Bilgici Zeynep Sarayli , Avci Duygu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPhoto‐ and thermal‐polymerizations of 4‐diethoxyphosphoryl‐2,4,6‐tris(ethoxycarbonyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene, 4,4‐bis(diethoxyphosphoryl)‐2,6‐bis(t‐butoxycarbonyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene and 4‐diethoxyphosphoryl‐4‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2,6‐bis(t‐butoxycarbonyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene monomers and their phosphonic and carboxylic acid derivatives were investigated to understand the effect of the cyclic monomer structure on their polymerization reactivity. A strong effect of the substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 of the monomers on polymerization rate was observed. The polymerizability of the monomers was successfully correlated with the 13C NMR chemical shifts of the vinyl carbons. Conversion values were consistent with the Tg being a measure of the flexibility of a monomer. The monomers containing phosphonic acid groups were soluble in water and ethanol. The acidic nature of the aqueous solutions of these monomers is expected to give them etching properties, important for dental applications. The interaction of the acid monomers with hydroxyapatite was investigated using 13C NMR technique.magnified image
A mouse model of simulated birth trauma induced stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Lin Yi‐Hao , Liu Guiming , Daneshgari Firouz 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAimsTo facilitate future applications of transgenic or knockout technologies in studies of simulated birth trauma induced stress urinary incontinence (SUI), we aimed to create a mouse model of SUI and explore the possible pathogenesis of this condition.MethodsThirty female C57BL/6 mice were randomly distributed into five groups. Four groups underwent vaginal distention (VD) for 1 hr, using a modified 6‐Fr. Foley catheter with a balloon dilated to 0.3, 0.2, or 0.1 ml or sham distention. Four days after VD, all mice underwent leak‐point pressure (LPP) measurement via an implanted suprapubic tube (SPT). The normal control group only had SPT placement and LPP measurement. After sacrifice, the urethras of the mice were harvested for routine histological examination and nerve staining.ResultsLPPs were significantly lower in groups after VD with 0.3‐ or 0.2‐ml balloon than in control and sham distention groups (10.29 ± 6.70, 14.65 ± 6.51, 37.78 ± 5.10, and 30.30 ± 5.30 cm H2O, respectively). There were no significant differences in LPP between control and sham groups. Histology showed no significant differences in urethral striated muscle among the five groups. The density of immunoreactive neurofilaments in the urethra decreased after VD with 0.3‐ or 0.2‐ml balloon.ConclusionAs a model of birth trauma, VD can induce SUI in female mice, the severity of which is related to intravaginal balloon size. Partial urethral denervation plays a plausible role in the pathogenesis of SUI. This novel mouse model could be used for further mechanistic studies of female SUI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:353–358, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mass lumping strategies for X‐FEM explicit dynamics: Application to crack propagation
Authors: Menouillard T. , Réthoré J. , Moës N. , Combescure A. , Bung H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the numerical modelling of cracks in the dynamic case using the extended finite element method. More precisely, we are interested in explicit algorithms. We prove that by using a specific lumping technique, the critical time step is exactly the same as if no crack were present. This somewhat improves a previous result for which the critical time step was reduced by a factor of square root of 2 from the case with no crack. The new lumping technique is obtained by using a lumping strategy initially developed to handle elements containing voids. To be precise, the results obtained are valid only when the crack is modelled by the Heaviside enrichment. Note also that the resulting lumped matrix is block diagonal (blocks of size 2 × 2). For constant strain elements (linear simplex elements) the critical time step is not modified when the element is cut. Thanks to the lumped mass matrix, the critical time step never tends to zero. Moreover, the lumping techniques conserve kinetic energy for rigid motions. In addition, tensile stress waves do not propagate through the discontinuity. Hence, the lumping techniques create neither error on kinetic energy conservation for rigid motions nor wave propagation through the crack. Both these techniques will be used in a numerical experiment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The combination of collocation, finite difference, and multigrid methods for solution of the two‐dimensional wave equation
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Mohebbi Akbar 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this article, we apply compact finite difference approximations of orders two and four for discretizing spatial derivatives of wave equation and collocation method for the time component. The resulting method is unconditionally stable and solves the wave equation with high accuracy. The solution is approximated by a polynomial at each grid point that its coefficients are determined by solving a linear system of equations. We employ the multigrid method for solving the resulted linear system. Multigrid method is an iterative method which has grid independently convergence and solves the linear system of equations in small amount of computer time. Numerical results show that the compact finite difference approximation of fourth order, collocation and multigrid methods produce a very efficient method for solving the wave equation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
Donor retention: an exploratory study of door‐to‐door recruits
Authors: Sargeant Adrian , Hudson Jane 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Door‐to‐door fundraising, where recruiters knock on the door of domestic dwellings to solicit a regular donation, is an increasingly popular recruitment technique. However, reported levels of attrition remain unacceptably high and in some cases charities may lose up to 50% of their new recruits in their first year of giving. In this exploratory study of 5000 active and 5000 lapsed recruits the demographic and attitudinal profiles of each group are compared. The paper concludes that lapsed donors are significantly younger than active recruits and experienced some form of pressure at the point of recruitment. Lapsed supporters were also significantly less happy with the quality of ongoing communication.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mission or money? Competitive challenges facing public sector nonprofit organisations in an institutionalised environment
Authors: Dolnicar Sara , Irvine Helen , Lazarevski Katie 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

This paper exposes the impact of competitive grant funding on public sector nonprofit volunteer organisations, using institutional theory to explain developments within this sector. A conceptual model is developed from which five propositions are derived. Bushcare units, in experiencing institutional pressures, respond in ways that affect their culture, structure and routines, resulting in the possibility that their mission will be compromised. In the process of targeting competitive grants, preparing grant applications, managing increased reporting requirements and recruiting volunteers, Bushcare units should apply a mission ‘filter’ to ensure their mission is not compromised in the pursuit of money. Bushcare New South Wales (NSW), an Australian environmental organisation, provides an empirical illustration of the proposed conceptual model.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crafting strategy in not‐for‐profit organisations: the experience of an alumni organisation, BÜMED
Authors: Öz Özlem , Toker Ayşegül 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

This paper describes and discusses the specificities of crafting strategy in not‐for‐profit organisations deriving from the experience of an alumni organisation in Turkey, BÜMED (Bogazici Universitesi Mezunlar Dernegi: Bogazici University Alumni Association). It has been underlined in the paper that crafting successful strategies in not‐for‐profit organisations has two essential dimensions. The first one is related to ‘operational effectiveness’; that is, perfecting how the operations are performed and managed in the organisation. In its pursuit of ensuring quality and excellence in management, BÜMED has applied the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model and it seems to have worked for BÜMED, despite some aberrations. The second dimension, on the other hand, is related to the very concept of strategy itself, whose main emphasis is on priorities and trade‐offs. What is underlined in BÜMED's experience regarding this dimension is the idea that although the principles of excellence in management, if applied properly and internalised by the members of the organisation, carry a potential to have spill‐over effects for successful strategising, in the absence of right strategies, good management in and of itself is unlikely to suffice for the desired outcome, which ultimately means the creation of value for the society in the case of not‐for‐profit organisations.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The strategic role of knowledge management in nonprofit organisations
Authors: Hume Craig , Hume Margee 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAustralian nonprofit organisations (NFPs) operate in an increasingly competitive marketplace for funding staff and volunteers and donations. In this context, many NFPs are being driven to adopt more commercial practices in order to improve their strategic performance, particularly competitive positioning for donor appeal, staff retention and service strategy and delivery. Knowledge management (KM) is one commercial practice being explored and implemented by the NFP sector to support strategic performance and operations. Although the concept of knowledge management is basically understood, the implications and strategies to pursue this practice in a NFP context are under explored. This paper presents a KM implementation planning framework for discussion and further research in the NFP sector. Specifically, this paper proposes that NFP's unique missions, many and varied organisational structures and operational maturity requires a customised approach to knowledge management. Implications for competitive strategy and performance are discussed.© 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethical and practical implications of pharmaceutical direct‐to‐consumer advertising
Authors: Hoek Janet 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Although only possible in two nations, New Zealand and the United States, direct‐to‐consumer advertising (DTC) of prescription medicine has generated international controversy. This paper examines how DTC emerged, compares the different regulatory structures used to govern it and analyses the debate over the ethics and effects of DTC. While the value of providing information to consumers is indisputable, serious questions remain over the quality of information provided via DTC, whether any benefits it might bring offset its wider social and economic costs, and how best to achieve a balance between commercial and public health objectives.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing occupational health and safety in young workers: the role of social marketing
Authors: Lavack Anne M. , Magnuson Sherry L. , Deshpande Sameer , Basil Debra Z. , Basil Michael D. , Mintz James (Jim) H. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Young workers (age 15–24) suffer work‐related injury at a much higher rate than older workers, yet research on the role and effectiveness of social marketing to influence and improve workplace safety is limited.
A review of the relevant literature reveals that significant gaps exist in terms of effectively using social marketing to reduce young worker injury rates.
A comprehensive, multi‐faceted social marketing approach is required to address young worker safety.
Directing more attention toward the practice of social marketing can enhance the effectiveness of campaigns to reduce workplace injuries.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TV viewing and physical activity: a segment analysis for social marketing
Authors: Singh Satyendra 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Elevated television viewing and physical inactivity promote sedentary behavior, leading to obesity. Yet, modifying the behavior has received a limited academic investigation. Thus, the purpose of this exploratory study is to develop segments relating to such behavior, and propose TV viewing‐reduction and physical activity‐enhancing strategies for the various segments.
Using data from a mall, the multiple regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) led to the identification of four segments: alert, inactive, action, and ideal. Results indicate that those engaged in physical activity appear to watch less TV, and that age and gender do not have a significant impact on TV viewing. The managers can use the findings, segments, and strategies to create appeals for target social marketing.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding young adult drink‐driving behaviour: a value benefit perspective
Authors: Fry Marie‐Louise 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Young adult novice drivers represent a key at‐risk cohort for alcohol‐related road fatalities. Little research has investigated the value perceptions of responsible drivers as compared to their risk‐taking counterparts. Addressing the value‐perception gap, this qualitative research integrates identity theory and value expectancy theory to analyse the hedonic aspects and reward benefits of young adult drink‐driving behaviour.
The study identified three categories of young adult drink‐drivers: under‐the‐limit, borderline and extreme. Motivation drink‐drive was influenced by perceptions of driving as a right versus a privilege; fear versus fatalistic attitude of drink‐driving consequences and drink‐driving as a connection for escape versus utilitarian activity. Future prevention strategies for at‐risk drink‐drivers must be relevant, convincing and consider the dynamic and changing landscape young adults inhabit.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The efficacy of anti‐smoking advertisements: the role of source, message, and individual characteristics
Authors: Samu Sridhar , Bhatnagar Namita 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

This research investigates the effects of direct and indirect sources of anti‐smoking messages. Specifically, it examines the direct influence of advertised messages and the indirect effect of the subsequent discussion.
Two studies examine the role of: (i) Source characteristics (i.e., messages disseminated through mass media and subsequently via discussion by friends or strangers); (ii) Message characteristics (i.e., messages that induce either low or high fear); (iii) Individual characteristics (i.e., gender based differences within the target audience) in attitude formation towards smokers, the act of smoking, propensity to smoke, and the likelihood of being influenced.
Message efficacy is found to vary by gender, type of ad appeal, as well as group membership of ad discussants. Implications for design of anti‐smoking campaigns are derived.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of branding on adolescent smoking behaviour: exploring the mediating role of image and attitudes
Authors: Grant Ian C. , Hassan Louise M. , Hastings Gerard B. , MacKintosh Anne Marie , Eadie Douglas 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

This study investigates the continuing effects of tobacco marketing communications in a post advertising era, focusing on the constructs of brand awareness, brand image, attitude formation and intention to smoke by adolescents.
A conceptual model is presented, based on 926 respondents from a UK wide study, to assess brand‐related interrelationships and influences of peers on adolescents' attitudes toward smoking and intention to smoke.
Results show the strong influence of branding on both attitude and intention, and have implications for government anti‐smoking policies specifically in regard to generic packaging and point of sale displays.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergy of karenitecin and mafosfamide in pediatric leukemia, medulloblastoma, and neuroblastoma cell lines
Authors: Jacob Eufemia , Scorsone Kathy , Blaney Susan M. , D'Argenio David Z. , Berg Stacey L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundA major barrier to treatment of leptomeningeal disease is the lack of proven combination chemotherapy regimens for intrathecal administration. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effects of karenitecin and mafosfamide in vitro against leukemia, medulloblastoma, and neuroblastoma cell lines.ProcedureA modified methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to determine the sensitivity of the cells to karenitecin and mafosfamide. Cells were exposed to drug for 72 hr, after which the number of surviving cells was quantitated. For drug combination experiments, cells were exposed to medium alone (controls), single drugs alone (mafosfamide only, karenitecin only) or to different concentrations of the combination of the two drugs (karenitecin + mafosfamide), for a total of 36 concentration pairs per plate. The universal response surface approach (URSA) was used to analyze the cytotoxic effects of the combination of karenitecin and mafosfamide.ResultsThe IC50s of karenitecin and mafosfamide for the various cell lines were similar. For both drugs nearly complete inhibition of cell growth was demonstrated at higher concentrations in all cell lines. In the neuroblastoma cell lines (SK‐N‐DZ; SK‐N‐SH) and the DAOY medulloblastoma cell line, the combination of karenitecin and mafosfamide were synergistic. In the D283 medulloblastoma and both the leukemia cell lines (JM1 and Molt‐4), the drug interaction was additive. Antagonism was not seen in any cell line.ConclusionsKarenitecin and mafosfamide are additive or synergistic in vitro against tumor types that disseminate to the leptomeninges. These results provide guidance for the choice of potential combination intrathecal regimens. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:757–760. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.