bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of osteosarcoma cells from two sibling large-breed dogs
Authors: Norrdin R. W. , Powers B. E. , Torgersen J. L. , Smith R. E. , Withrow S. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Neoplastic cells were isolated from 2 sibling Great Dane/ Labrador Retriever mixed-breed dogs in which telangiectatic type osteosarcomas arose concurrently. Cells from various sites in the same osteosarcoma appeared similar in culture, but there were differences between the 2 osteosarcomas in growth characteristics and appearance of cells. Cells from 1 osteosarcoma had a small, but significant (P < 0.05), cyclic adenosine monophosphate response to parathyroid hormone stimulation, indicating a low order of osteoblastic differentiation. Cells from the other osteosarcoma had no response to parathyroid hormone stimulation. Cells from both osteosarcomas and a concentrated cell-free filtrate from the osteosarcoma with osteoblastic differentiation were injected into nude mice, but osteosarcomas were not induced. Results of ultra- structural examination of osteosarcoma samples for viral particles were negative and supernatant fluids from cultured cells were considered negative for viral reverse transcriptase activity.
Immunohistochemical diagnosis of Neospora caninum in tissue sections
Authors: Lindsay David S. , Dubey J. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunoperoxidase staining method was developed to detect Neospora caninum in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Specific antiserum to N caninum was made in rabbits and used to probe tissues from dogs naturally and experimentally infected with N caninum. The test detected tachyzoites and bradyzoites of N caninum. A reaction was not observed to Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia, hammondi, Sarcocystis cruzi, S capricanis, S tenella, Besnoitia jellisoni, Caryospora bigenetica, Hepatazoon canis, Atoxoplasma sp, or the organism causing canine dermal coccidiosis. When antiserum made in rabbits to T gondii was used in the test, reaction to N caninum was not observed.
Serum biochemical indicators of liver function in neonatal foals
Authors: Bauer John E. , Asquith Richard L. , Kivipelto Jan 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum biochemical indicators of liver function were determined in healthy, age-matched foals during the first 270 days of life. Values were compared with those of healthy adult horses and with those determined on the day of birth (< 12 hours old).
Serum alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, and l-iditol dehydrogenase activities were increased during the first 2 weeks of life. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and total and unconjugated bilirubin concentrations peaked during this same period. During the early neonatal period (<12 hours old), globulin concentrations (mainly β2 and γ fractions) were low and albumin/globulin ratios were high. However, individual values for all analytes were varied.
Effects of halothane and isoflurane on baroreflex sensitivity in horses
Authors: Hellyer Peter W. , Bednarski Richard M. , Hubbell John A. E. , Muir William W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Baroreflex sensitivity (bs) was used to quantitatively assess the effects of halothane and isoflurane on the heart rate/arterial pressure relationship during steady-state (10 minutes) and dynamic pressure changes in adult horses. Arterial pressure was decreased in response to nitroglycerin or sodium nitroprusside and increased in response to phenylephrine HCl. Mean (± sem) bs in awake horses was 28.9 ± 2.6 and 13.2 ± 2.0 ms/mm of Hg during steady-state decreases and increases in systolic arterial pressure (sap), respectively. Halothane and isoflurane either significantly (P < 0.05) decreased or eliminated bs during steady-state decreases in sap, with no significant differences detected between anesthetic agents. During steady-state decreases in sap, significant (P < 0.05) correlation between r-r interval and arterial pressure was not observed for 6 of 10 and 4 of 11 halothane and isoflurane anesthesia periods, respectively. Halothane significantly (P < 0.05) decreased bs during steady-state increases in sap to 7.9 ± 0.6 and 6.5 ± 1.1 ms/mm of Hg during low and high minimal alveolar concentration (mac) multiples, respectively. Isoflurane decreased bs during steady-state increases in sap to 9.6 ± 1.5 and 6.6 ± 1.1 ms/mm of Hg during low and high mac anesthesia, respectively, with high mac of isoflurane decreasing bs significantly (P < 0.05), compared with awake and low mac values.
Plasma catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine) concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.05), compared with baseline values during steady-state vasodilator infusions in halothane- and isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Steady-state infusions of phenylephrine in anesthetized horses resulted in arrhythmia development, with premature atrial and ventricular complexes seen in halothane-anesthetized horses and increased heart rate and atrial premature complexes seen less frequently in isoflurane-anesthetized horses.
Dynamic bs was 25.0 ± 4.5 and 20.1 ± 2.8 ms/mm of Hg for decreasing and increasing sap, respectively, in awake horses. The r-r interval and sap were linearly correlated during dynamic decreases in sap in 7 of 9 halothane and 8 of 10 isoflurane anesthesia periods. Baroreflex sensitivity decreased to 15.0 ± 6.8 and 13.3 ± 3.5 ms/mm of Hg during anesthesia with low mac of halothane and isoflurane, respectively. High mac of halothane and isoflurane significantly (P < 0.05) decreased bs during dynamic decreases in sap in 7.8 ± 1.8 and 7.2 ± 1.3 ms/mm of Hg, respectively. There were no significant differences in bs depression between halothane and isoflurane.
Clinical electromyographic studies of canine X-linked muscular dystrophy
Authors: Valentine B. A. , Kornegay J. N. , Cooper B. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Clinical electromyographic studies were performed in dogs (6 weeks to 5.5 years old) with a degenerative myopathy analogous to Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Spontaneous activity, consisting primarily of complex repetitive discharges (pseudomyotonic discharges), was found in all dogs tested, but was most prominent in dogs ≥ 10 weeks old. Myotonic discharges also were found, but were less frequent. Motor unit potentials were generally abnormally brief and frequently polyphasic. Ulnar nerve conduction velocities determined in two 4-month-old dogs were similar to those of unaffected littermates. It was concluded that canine X-linked muscular dystrophy is a primary myopathic process in which complex repetitive discharges and myotonic discharges are a prominent feature. The basis for this spontaneous activity is not known.
Interleukin-1β as an articular process joint intra-articular model induces synovitis and signs of acute neck pain in horses
Authors: Story Melinda R. , King Melissa , Nout-Lomas Yvette S. , Barrett Myra F. , Kawcak Christopher , Frisbie David , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Haussler Kevin K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To develop and define a model of acute neck pain in an equine cervical articular process joint (APJ) using recombinant equine IL-1β (reIL-1β).

Methods
12 horses in this experimental study received a randomly assigned, unilateral intra-articular injection of 50 ng (n = 6) or 100 ng (n = 6) of reIL-1β and saline (contralateral side as control) into the C5-to-C6 APJ. Blinded ultrasonographic, clinical, and biomechanical parameters were evaluated between 4 hours and 14 days.

Results
There was a significant increase in APJ effusion on ultrasonographic examination that peaked at 24 hours (P = .0256; effect size, 0.8312; CI, 1.0594 to 0.629). There was a time effect on the clinical examination score (myofascial pain and stiffness) and a significant decrease in stride length and velocity at 24 hours. There was an adverse event (extravasation of injectate) in 1 horse.

Conclusions
Ultrasonographic evidence of the presence and severity of APJ effusion was readily identified and tracked over time. Unilateral injection of the APJ with reIL-1β induced clinical signs of myofascial pain, neck stiffness, and gait adaptations. Using individual control horses, rather than a contralateral saline injection within the same horse, would improve our understanding of the clinical presentation of acute APJ pain using this model.

Clinical Relevance
Diagnosing the presence, localization, and clinical effects of neck pain in horses remains challenging and would benefit from the establishment of an experimental model. The induction of acute synovitis using reIL-1β within the C5-to-C6 APJ opens the door for future studies to ultimately better understand equine cervical pain and dysfunction.
Preoperative screening thoracic radiographs yield few significant abnormalities in dogs with no history or exam findings suggestive of thoracic disease
Authors: Moss Kristine M. , Gauthier Christopher M. , Randall Elissa K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the utility of routine preanesthetic screening thoracic radiographs in dogs without a specific clinical indication for this test.

Methods
All patients presented for elective tibial plateau leveling osteotomy between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022, were enrolled if there were no clinical signs or history of neoplasia or cardiopulmonary or thoracic disease. Three-view thoracic radiographic studies were performed and evaluated by the attending surgeon and a board-certified veterinary radiologist. The incidence of radiographic abnormalities and agreement between the attending clinician and the radiologist were analyzed.

Results
Of the 281 cases evaluated in this study, 10 (3.6%) were found to have radiographic abnormalities that were likely to affect the clinician's decision to proceed with elective surgery. There was no association between patient age and the probability of diagnosing a significant radiographic abnormality. There was poor agreement between the findings of the clinician and radiologist for cardiovascular and pulmonary abnormalities. There was slight agreement between the findings of the clinician and the radiologist for extrathoracic abnormalities.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that the utility of preoperative screening thoracic radiographs in dogs with no specific clinical indications for this test appears to be low. Given the poor agreement between clinician and radiologist findings, clinicians should consider routine evaluation of thoracic radiographs by a radiologist.

Clinical Relevance
These findings should be considered by a clinician when deciding whether to recommend thoracic radiographs as a screening tool for a patient without history or physical examination findings suggestive of intrathoracic disease.
Time but not storage of equine plasma in silicate-coated tubes affects adrenocorticotropic hormone stability
Authors: Johnston Taylah J. , Stewart Allison J. , Dryburgh Elizabeth L. , Bertin François-René 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is diagnosed by measuring the ACTH concentrations. Due to the reported instability of ACTH, it is recommended to transfer centrifuged plasma into cryovials; however, in practice, cryovials are infrequently used, and serum (red-top) tubes are used instead. This study investigated whether this procedure affects ACTH concentrations and the diagnosis of PPID.

Methods
This was a cohort study. Blood was collected into EDTA tubes from 9 horses with PPID and 7 controls. After centrifugation, plasma was either aliquoted into a cryovial or into a serum tube. Samples were stored at 4 and 20 °C with ACTH concentrations measured using a chemiluminescent assay at 2, 24, and 48 hours after collection. Data were analyzed using a 2-way repeated measures ANOVA with P < .05 considered significant.

Results
There was a significant effect of time on ACTH concentrations in horses with PPID at 4 and 20 °C and in all horses at 20 °C with decreasing ACTH concentrations over time; however, no significant effect of storing plasma in a serum tube was detected. Three horses diagnosed with PPID would have had a different classification if the samples had been kept at 20 °C for 24 or 48 hours.

Conclusions
Time but not storage of plasma in serum tubes decreases the measured ACTH concentration in horses with PPID.

Clinical Relevance
Transferring plasma into serum tubes does not significantly alter the measured ACTH concentrations; however, time between collection and analysis might lead to erroneous diagnoses.
Combined Immunodeficiency of Arabian Horses: Confirmation of Autosomal Recessive Mode of Inheritance
Authors: Perryman Lance E. , Torbeck Richard L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 3-year prospective breeding trial was designed to verify the mode of inheritance of combined immunodeficiency (cid) in Arabian horses. Twenty-six mares that had previously produced foals with cid were mated to a stallion that had sired foals with cid. Of 53 foals obtained, 15 (28.3%) had cid. The ratio of female to male foals was 28:25, and the ratio of female cid to male cid foals was 8:7. The results of this trial confirmed a suggestion that cid in Arabian horses is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Canine Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wood Philip A. , Smith Joseph E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Minor hemoglobin fractions, HbA1a+b and HbA1c, were chromatographed and measured in seven clinically normal dogs and in seven dogs with diabetes mellitus. Concentrations of glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c, were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in diabetic dogs. It was concluded that this determination may be useful for monitoring glucose status and the effectiveness of insulin therapy.
Lumbosacral Stenosis in Dogs
Authors: Tarvin Guy , Prata R. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fifteen dogs with stenosis of the lumbosacral portion of the spinal canal were treated by laminectomy, bilateral facetectomy, and foraminotomy. Concomitant disk extrusion, spondylosis, fracture, infection, neoplasia, hemivertebrae, and spina bifida were not associated with the stenosis and attendant cauda equina compression. The predominant neurologic signs were intermittent hindlimb lameness and motor weakness; hindlimb muscle atrophy; presumed paresthesia with resultant dermatologic manifestations from self-mutilation of the hindlimbs, tail, perineum, anal area, and genitalia; urinary or fecal incontinence, or both; and consistently elicitable pain on manipulation of the lumbosacral spine. Surgical decompression of the stenotic canal alleviated the clinical signs in all cases.
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Infection in the Horse: Study of 117 Clinical Cases and Consideration of Etiopathogenesis
Authors: Miers Kevin C. , Ley William B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a study of 117 cases of abscessation caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in horses, a seasonal pattern of occurrence was found. Over a 6-year period, the peak incidence was in October and November. There was a marked variation in annual incidence, and the geographic distribution of cases did not always reflect that of the general equine population. The highest annual incidences followed winters of above average rainfall. It was believed that such winters resulted in optimal breeding conditions for insects in the subsequent summer and autumn and that increased insect populations may have resulted in increased annual incidence of the disease.
Although 50% of cases typically involved the pectoral region or ventral abdominal wall, the large number of atypical sites and the diversity of clinical signs often made diagnosis difficult.
Some of the more consistent signs associated with developing abscesses were superficial or deep swellings, ventral pitting edema, ventral midline dermatitis, lameness, depression, and fever.
Hot packing to facilitate rupture was the preferred treatment, however surgical lancing was necessary to attain resolution in 22 cases of deep or encapsulated abscesses.
Untoward sequelae (55 cases) consisted of prolonged or chronic suppurative discharge, multiple abscessation, internal abscesses, and abortion. Untoward sequelae consistently developed in cases of marked or prolonged fever and in cases of abscessation in other than the typical pectoral or ventral abdominal wall regions.
Atrial Septal Defect (Sinus Venosus Type) in a Dog
Authors: Jeraj Karim , Ogburn Phillip N. , Johnston Gary R. , Edwards William , Yano Barry , Brunson Dave , Wallace Larry , McGrath Charles 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 2-year-old Old English Sheepdog had right-side congestive heart failure characterized by pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, ascites, and increased pulmonary wedge pressure. A diagnosis of atrial septal defect was made by means of cardiac catheterization and angiography. Surgical correction initially was deferred because of pulmonary hypertension. However, when congestive heart failure could not be managed adequately, surgical correction was attempted. Postsurgically, thrombocytopenia developed and that led to bleeding, oliguria, and pulmonary edema. The bleeding was controlled by whole blood transfusion, but the oliguria and pulmonary edema were not resolved, even with intensive diuretic therapy. The dog died 24 hours after surgery.
Repair of Fractured Capital Femoral Epiphysis in Two Sheep
Authors: McPherron T. A. , Tarvin G. B. , Froehlich P. S. , Brock K. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fracture of the capital femoral epiphysis occurred in two sheep. Both fractures were repaired via open reduction and lag screw fixation.
A craniolateral approach to the hip (modified Watson-Jones) afforded good exposure and allowed manipulation with minimal soft tissue trauma. Rigid internal fixation in each case resulted in good long-term results. It was concluded that repair of this type of fracture in sheep is feasible if the animal is valuable.
Use of a Teat Sealer for Prevention of Intramammary Infections in Lactating Cows
Authors: Farnsworth R. J. , Wyman Lorraine , Hawkinson Ronald 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An acrylic latex film that is applied like a teat dip and remains intact as a physical barrier until the next milking was developed and studied with respect to its effect on intramammary infection rates in 4 dairy herds. Rates of new infections in treated quarters were compared with the rates in control quarters on the same cows. A statistically significant reduction in the rates was observed for the following organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, 28%; S epidermidis, 33%; and coliforms, 76%. The percentage reduction for infections caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (18%) and for those caused by streptococcus other than Str agalactiae (7%) were not statistically significant. The film also was shown to be nonirritating.
An Unusual Occurrence of Toxaphene Poisoning in Swine
Authors: Mount M. E. , Traffas V. , Milleret R. J. , Oehme F. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten of 15 sows developed an acute nervous disorder that resembled the effects of water deprivation-salt poisoning. However, a unique set of circumstances had permitted the environmental persistence of a toxaphene-lindane insecticide combination for approximately 1 month, with toxaphene toxicosis resulting. The diagnosis was based on the lack of lesions of salt poisoning and the finding of 4 ppm of toxaphene in the cerebellum and 0.3 ppm of toxaphene in the serum of 1 of the 2 sows that died.
Acromegaly Associated with Transient Overproduction of Growth Hormone in a Dog
Authors: Rijnberk A. , Eigenmann J. E. , Belshaw B. E. , Hampshire J. , Altszuler N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 6-year-old female crossbred Belgian Shepherd Dog with features of acromegaly was monitored for almost 4 years. The history of frequent and excessive administration of a progestational agent suggested that the progestational drug induced the acromegaly. During the monitoring period, soft tissue changes diminished and there was normalization of several factors: plasma growth hormone concentration, response of plasma insulin and glucose to an oral glucose load, and response of plasma glucose hormone to the injection of insulin.
Metabolic Alkalosis with Paradoxic Aciduria in Cattle
Authors: McGuirk S. M. , Butler D. G. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In 4 cases of metabolic alkalosis with paradoxic aciduria in cattle, generalized muscle weakness was the predominant feature. In 3 of the 4 cases, prolonged anorexia preceded development of muscle weakness and aciduria. Plasma electrolyte concentrations varied but, in 3 of the 4 cases, a transient decrease in plasma potassium concentration was detected. In the 3 cases in which prolonged therapy with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and dextrose was offered, resolution of aciduria was rapid, followed by correction of metabolic alkalosis and return of muscle strength.
Multiple Atrial Dysrhythmias in a Horse
Authors: Button C. , Scrutchfield W. L. , Clark R. G. , Knauer K. W. , Schmitz D. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A variety of atrial dysrhythmias including paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, atrial tachycardia with 2nd-grade atrioventricular block, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter developed in a 5-year-old Quarter Horse gelding. Quinidine and propranolol were not successful in restoring normal sinus rhythm. Sinus rhythm was re-established during digoxin therapy, but later reverted to atrial dysrhythmia.
At necropsy, multiple, discrete pale areas were found on both atria and the interatrial myocardium. Histologic examination of these lesions demonstrated myocytolysis and replacement by fibrous connective tissue.
Canine Parvovirus Infection in South American Canids
Authors: Mann Peter C. , Bush Mitchell , Appel Max J. G. , Beehler Bruce A. , Montali Richard J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Canine parvovirus (cpv) infections occurred in 5 of 35 South American canids at the Department of Conservation (DC), a breeding facility of the National Zoological Park in Front Royal, Va. The clinical signs were anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, and vomiting. Three of the affected canids survived and had high hemagglutination-inhibition titers to cpv in the recovery period. Necropsy of the 2 that died revealed extensive necrosis of the intestinal mucosa; cpv particles were observed by electron microscopy in the intestinal contents of both animals. Six of the 30 canids that remained healthy had high hemagglutination-inhibition titers to cpv prior to the episode of illness, indicating earlier subclinical exposure. Pet dogs belonging to DC personnel that were screened as a possible source of the infection had no evidence of disease. All canids (including pet dogs) on the DC grounds were vaccinated repeatedly with a killed feline panleukopenia virus product after the episode, with little or no effect on existing titers.
Inner Ear Disease Characterized by Rolling in C3H Mice
Authors: Kohn D. F. , MacKenzie W. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A neurologic disease characterized by rolling developed in C3H mice. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from the middle and internal ears or meninges of affected mice. The principal pathologic finding was aggressive, primary, purulent otitis media, with extension to the inner ear, acoustic nerve, and meninges. Stresses that may have contributed to induction of the disease were not delineated; however, acidification of the drinking water resulted in near elimination of the disease.
Fatal Airsacculitis and Pneumonia, with Abortion, in an Orangutan
Authors: Cambre Richard C. , Wilson Harry L. , Spraker Terry R. , Favara Blaise E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 14-year-old, 76-kg female orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) aborted a premature fetus and within hours experienced severe respiratory distress and died. Necropsy revealed evidence of chronic airsacculitis, acute bronchopneumonia, and terminal sepsis. Escherichia coli was isolated from cultures of heart blood, tracheal fluid, air-sac tissue and fluid, lung, and bile. Retrospectively, it was established that the animal had had a periodic nasal discharge for many months. The aborted infant had no evidence of infection.