bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of surgical simulator with high‐quality visualization based on finite‐element method and deformable volume rendering
Authors: Inoue Yusuke , Masutani Yoshitaka , Ishii Koichi , Kumai Nori , Kimura Fumihiko , Sakuma Ichiro 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThere have been many research reports on the development of surgical simulation systems for soft organs, such as the liver, which is deformed in the course of surgery. When a fine structure must be displayed in such a system, fine meshes must be generated in the finite‐element method. Thus, either a fast, large‐scale computer that can handle a large‐capacity mesh data, or a simplified deformation technique is needed. We applied deformable volume rendering and developed a surgical simulator running on a PC workstation, which can realize both the display of fine structure, such as small vessels in an organ, and fast deformation computations using a finite‐element method based on relatively coarse meshes. The system was applied to surgical simulation, and the results are reported in this paper. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(5): 67–76, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20180
Quantitative analysis of a stand of Pinus densiflora undergoing succession to Quercus mongolica ssp. crispula: 1. A 31‐year record of growth and population dynamics of the canopy trees
Authors: Kato Jun , Hayashi Ichiroku 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe describe the population dynamics, growth of dominant species and plant biomass production in an ecosystem undergoing succession from Pinus densiflora dominance to Quercus mongolica ssp. crispula dominance. The diameter at breast height (DBH) was recorded for a period of 31 years. As DBH increased, the tree density decreased. We estimated the net biomass production of the canopy trees, the biomass of the understory and the average amount of litter. These results suggest that the biomass production of an ecosystem depends on its species’ composition. In order to estimate future ecosystem productivity, it is necessary to predict temporal changes in species’ composition.
Synchronism of Holocene East Asian monsoon variations and North Atlantic drift-ice tracers
Authors: Porter Stephen C. , Weijian Zhou 
Published: March 2006

AbstractEighteen radiocarbon-dated eolian and paleosol profiles within a 1500-km-long belt along the arid to semi-arid transition zone of north-central China record variations in the extent and strength of the East Asian summer monsoon during the Holocene. Dated paleosols and peat layers represent intervals when the zone was dominated by a mild, moist summer monsoon climate that favored pedogenesis and peat accumulation. Brief intervals of enhanced eolian activity that resulted in the deposition of loess and eolian sand were times when strengthened winter monsoon conditions produced a colder, drier climate. The monsoon variations correlate closely with variations in North Atlantic drift-ice tracers that represent episodic advection of drift ice and cold polar surface water southward and eastward into warmer subpolar water. The correspondence of these records over the full span of Holocene time implies a close relationship between North Atlantic climate and the monsoon climate of central China.
Selective behaviour in cattle grazing pastures of strips of birdsfoot trefoil and red clover. 2. The effects of sward maturity and structure
Authors: POLI C. H. E. C. , HODGSON J. , COSGROVE G. P. , ARNOLD G. C. 
Published: March 2006

The effects of manipulation of sward maturity on ingestive behaviour and diet selection of grazing cattle were tested in two experiments using legumes which are equally preferred by cattle. Yearling heifers, in groups of three, grazed plots formed by alternate 2·4 m wide strips of a mixture of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (BW) and strips of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (RC). The treatments comprised four combinations of each of the two swards at two contrasting levels of maturity/height replicated over four successive 3-day periods, in an order which balanced the effect of previous treatments. Observations of the distribution of grazing activity and biting rate were made over 3-hour periods each evening and in the morning of Day 2.Rate of biting was generally greater on immature than mature swards, and on BW than on RC, with little evidence of interactions between these effects. The animals demonstrated partial preference throughout the two studies, the proportion of grazing time devoted to BW being 0·40±0·010 in Expt 1 and 0·47±0·017 in Expt 2. The distribution of grazing time between sward type and maturity combinations was influenced progressively by herbage mass and height contrasts as strips were grazed down. An overall analysis using the results from these studies and a companion experiment indicated differences between studies in partial preference for BW and RC which appeared to be related to variations in sward morphology.
Dreaming Scientists and Scientific Dreamers: Freud as a Reader of French Dream Literature
Authors: Carroy Jacqueline 
Published: March 2006

ArgumentThe argument of this paper is to situate The Interpretation of Dreams within an historical context. It is, therefore, impossible to believe Freud entirely when he staged himself in his letters to Fliess as a mere discoverer. In reality Freud also felt he belonged to a learned community of dream specialists, whom I call “dreaming scientists” and “scientific dreamers.” Instead of speaking, as Ellenberger does, in terms of influence, I will be offering as an example a portrait of Freud as a reader of two French authors, Maury, and indirectly, Hervey de Saint-Denys. I will analyze how Freud staged himself as replacing Maury and dreaming sometimes like Hervey de Saint-Denys. My premise in this work is that we must forget Freud, in order to adventure into a learned dream culture peculiar to the nineteenth century. Only afterwards can we come back to Freud and place him in this context as a creative heir.
Film and the Construction of Memory in Psychoanalysis, 1940–1960
Authors: Winter Alison 
Published: March 2006

ArgumentThis paper explores the relationship between the medium of motion-picture film and the representation of autobiographical memory during the middle decades of the twentieth century. The paper argues that a reciprocal relationship developed between film and memory, in which film was understood as an externalized form of memory, and memory an internalized record of personal experience similar in many respects to film. Memory was often represented as an object-like entity, preserved in stable form within the body, and able to be extracted by the right stimulus or trigger. A particularly important community in which this representation was developed was psychotherapeutic practitioners with psychoanalytic orientations, particularly during and shortly after the Second World War. In special circumstances, therapists and others claimed, records of past life events could be projected, film-like, onto the screen of an individual's conscious, replaying previous experiences in real time. The paper develops a social historical account of this relationship, and reflects on its significance for the history of selfhood in the twentieth century.
Image and Trauma
Authors: Leys Ruth 
Published: March 2006

ArgumentIn 1980, when the diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was introduced into the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), survivor guilt – a symptom long associated with trauma of the Holocaust and other extreme experiences – was included in the list of symptom criteria. But in the revised edition of the manual of 1987 (DSM-IIIR), survivor guilt was demoted to the status of merely an “associated feature” of the condition. Now that survivor guilt has disappeared from the official lexicon of trauma, shame has come to take its place as the emotion that most defines the traumatic state. This paper examines the rationale for the shift from survivor guilt to shame in the context of the American Psychiatric Association's revisions. It argues that the shift can be understood as yet another manifestation of the oscillation between mimetic and antimimetic theories of trauma that, I have argued in my book Trauma: A Genealogy (2000), has structured the understanding of trauma from the start.
Borderline Histories: Psychoanalysis Inside and Out
Authors: Lunbeck Elizabeth 
Published: March 2006

ArgumentSociologists and historians have long favored externalist over internalist accounts of practices in the clinical disciplines. This has been particularly true in the case of the so-called new patient or borderline personality, which a range of commentators have located in culturally resonant narratives of decline. I argue here that these narratives, while pleasing, do not hold up as history; most problematic is their assumption that the appearance of the borderline portends the emergence of altogether novel forms of modal personhood. Internalist accounts of the category's consolidation are equally problematic in asserting a coherence and a stable referent that repeatedly proves elusive. In the end, I suggest that a complex account of disciplinary practice that attends to knowledge production in the clinical encounter supports the conclusion that the new patient was new to psychoanalysis. Whether or not he was altogether new cannot be established, undermining the critics' certitude and prophecies of decline.
Understanding the Holocaust: The Past and Future of Holocaust Studies
Authors: WEEKS GREGORY 
Published: March 2006

Omer Bartov Germany's War and the Holocaust: Disputed Histories (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2003), 248 pp., (pb), ISBN 0801486815.Doris L. Bergen War and Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust (Lanham, MD, and Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003), 280 pp., $17.95 (pb), ISBN 0847696316.Inga Clendinnen Reading the Holocaust (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 238 pp., $15 (pb), ISBN 0521012694.Debórah Dwork ed., Voices & Views. A History of the Holocaust (New York: Jewish Foundation for the Righteous, 2002), 687 pp., $44.95 (pb), ISBN 0970060211.Cornelia Hecht Deutsche Juden und Antisemitismus in der Weimarer Republik (Bonn: Dietz 2003), 432 pp., €32.00 (hb), ISBN 3801241378.Dan Stone Constructing the Holocaust: A Study in Historiography (London and Portland, OR: Vallentine Mitchell Publishers, 2003), 308 pp., $49.50 (hb), ISBN 0853034907.Sue Vice Representing the Holocaust (London and Portland, OR: Vallentine Mitchell Publishers), 280 pp., £17.50 (pb), £42.50 (hb), ISBN 0853034966.
Herbal remedy magnolol suppresses IL‐6‐induced STAT3 activation and gene expression in endothelial cells
Authors: Chen Shih‐Chung , Chang Ying‐Ling , Wang Danny Ling , Cheng Jing‐Jy 
Published: March 2006

Magnolol (Mag), an active constituent isolated from the Chinese herb Hou p'u (Magnolia officinalis) has long been used to suppress inflammatory processes. Chronic inflammation is well known to be involved in vascular injuries such as atherosclerosis in which interleukin (IL)‐6 may participate. Signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3), a transcription factor involved in inflammation and the cell cycle, is activated by IL‐6. In this study, we evaluated whether Mag can serve as an anti‐inflammatory agent during endothelial injuries. The effects of Mag on IL‐6‐induced STAT3 activation and downstream target gene induction in endothelial cells (ECs) were examined. Pretreatment of ECs with Mag dose dependently inhibited IL‐6‐induced Tyr705 and Ser727 phosphorylation in STAT3 without affecting the phosphorylation of JAK1, JAK2, and ERK1/2. Mag pretreatment of these ECs dose dependently suppressed IL‐6‐induced promoter activity of intracellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 that contains functional IL‐6 response elements (IREs). An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that Mag treatment significantly reduced STAT3 binding to the IRE region. Consistently, Mag treatment markedly inhibited ICAM‐1 expression on the endothelial surface. As a result, reduced monocyte adhesion to IL‐6‐activated ECs was observed. Furthermore, Mag suppressed IL‐6‐induced promoter activity of cyclin D1 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1 for which STAT3 activation plays a role. In conclusion, our results indicate that Mag inhibits IL‐6‐induced STAT3 activation and subsequently results in the suppression of downstream target gene expression in ECs. These results provide a therapeutic basis for the development of Mag as an anti‐inflammatory agent for vascular disorders including atherosclerosis.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 226–232. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706647
Effects of spironolactone on human blood mononuclear cells: mineralocorticoid receptor independent effects on gene expression and late apoptosis induction
Authors: Sønder Søren Ulrik Salling , Mikkelsen Marianne , Rieneck Klaus , Hedegaard Chris Juul , Bendtzen Klaus 
Published: March 2006

Spironolactone (SPIR) binds to cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and functions as an aldosterone antagonist. Recently, the drug was shown to have an early suppressive effect on several immunoactive and proinflammatory cytokines.
To elucidate the mechanism behind this, the four MR‐binding steroids SPIR, canrenone, 7α‐thiomethyl‐spironolactone and aldosterone (ALDO) were investigated for effects on lipopolysaccharide‐ and phytohemagglutinin‐A‐activated human blood mononuclear cells. Gene expression was examined after 4 h using microarrays, and SPIR affected 1018 transcripts of the (=) 22,000 probed. In contrast, the SPIR‐related steroids affected 17 or fewer transcripts. Combining SPIR and ALDO resulted in 940 affected transcripts, indicating that SPIR has an early gene‐regulatory effect independent of MR.
The affected genes encode a large number of signalling proteins and receptors, including immunoinflammatory response genes and apoptosis and antiapoptosis genes. Apoptosis was evident in CD3‐, CD14‐ and CD19‐positive cells, but only after 18 h of exposure to SPIR.
The transcriptional network involving the differentially regulated genes was examined and the results indicate that SPIR affects genes controlled by the transcription factors NF‐κB, CEBPβ and MYC.
These observations provide new insight into the non‐MR‐mediated effects of SPIR.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 46–53. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706700
Molecular basis of ranolazine block of LQT‐3 mutant sodium channels: evidence for site of action
Authors: Fredj Sandra , Sampson Kevin J , Liu Huajun , Kass Robert S 
Published: March 2006

We studied the effects of ranolazine, an antianginal agent with promise as an antiarrhythmic drug, on wild‐type (WT) and long QT syndrome variant 3 (LQT‐3) mutant Na+channels expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and knock‐in mouse cardiomyocytes and used site‐directed mutagenesis to probe the site of action of the drug.We find preferential ranolazine block of sustained vs peak Na+channel current for LQT‐3 mutant (ΔKPQ and Y1795C) channels (IC50=15 vs 135 μM) with similar results obtained in HEK 293 cells and knock‐in myocytes.Ranolazine block of both peak and sustained Na+channel current is significantly reduced by mutation (F1760A) of a single residue previously shown to contribute critically to the binding site for local anesthetic (LA) molecules in the Na+channel.Ranolazine significantly decreases action potential duration (APD) at 50 and 90% repolarization by 23±5 and 27±3%, respectively, in ΔKPQ mouse ventricular myocytes but has little effect on APD of WT myocytes.Computational modeling of human cardiac myocyte electrical activity that incorporates our voltage‐clamp data predicts marked ranolazine‐induced APD shortening in cells expressing LQT‐3 mutant channels.Our results demonstrate for the first time the utility of ranolazine as a blocker of sustained Na+channel activity induced by inherited mutations that cause human disease and further, that these effects are very likely due to interactions of ranolazine with the receptor site for LA molecules in the sodium channel.British Journal of Pharmacology(2006)148, 16–24. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706709
Biological properties of a specific Gαq/11 inhibitor, YM‐254890, on platelet functions and thrombus formation under high‐shear stress
Authors: Uemura Toshio , Kawasaki Tomihisa , Taniguchi Masatoshi , Moritani Yumiko , Hayashi Kazumi , Saito Tetsu , Takasaki Jun , Uchida Wataru , Miyata Keiji 
Published: March 2006

The effects of YM‐254890, a specific Gαq/11 inhibitor, on platelet functions, thrombus formation under high‐shear rate condition and femoral artery thrombosis in cynomolgus monkeys were investigated.
YM‐254890 concentration dependently inhibited ADP‐induced intracellular Ca2+ elevation, with an IC50 value of 0.92±0.28 μM.
P‐selectin expression induced by ADP or thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) was strongly inhibited by YM‐254890, with IC50 values of 0.51±0.02 and 0.16±0.08 μM, respectively.
YM‐254890 had no effect on the binding of fibrinogen to purified GPIIb/IIIa, but strongly inhibited binding to TRAP‐stimulated washed platelets.
YM‐254890 completely inhibited platelet shape change induced by ADP, but not that induced by collagen, TRAP, arachidonic acid, U46619 or A23187.
YM‐254890 attenuated ADP‐, collagen‐, TRAP‐, arachidonic acid‐ and U46619‐induced platelet aggregation with IC50 values of <1 μM, whereas it had no effect on phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate‐, ristocetin‐, thapsigargin‐ or A23187‐induced platelet aggregation.
High‐shear stress‐induced platelet aggregation and platelet‐rich thrombus formation on a collagen surface under high‐shear flow conditions were concentration dependently inhibited by YM‐254890.
The antithrombotic effect of YM‐254890 was evaluated in a model of cyclic flow reductions in the femoral artery of cynomolgus monkeys. The intravenous bolus injection of YM‐254890 dose dependently inhibited recurrent thrombosis without affecting systemic blood pressure or prolonging template bleeding time.
YM‐254890 is a useful tool for investigating Gαq/11‐coupled receptor signaling and the physiological roles of Gαq/11.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 61–69. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706711
Anti‐inflammatory effect of buddlejasaponin IV through the inhibition of iNOS and COX‐2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages via the NF‐κB inactivation
Authors: Won Jong‐Heon , Im Ho‐Taek , Kim Yang‐Hee , Yun Kyung‐Jin , Park Hee‐Juhn , Choi Jong‐Won , Lee Kyung‐Tae 
Published: March 2006

Buddlejasaponin IV isolated from Pleurospermum kamtschatidum is an anti‐inflammatory compound that inhibits NO, PGE2 and TNF‐α production. Here, we studied the mode of action of this compound.
Buddlejasaponin IV (2.5–10 μM) reduced lipopolysaccaride (LPS (1 μg ml−1))‐induced levels of iNOS and COX‐2 at the protein levels, and iNOS, COX‐2, TNF‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration‐dependent manner, as determined by Western blotting and RT–PCR, respectively.
Buddlejasaponin IV inhibited the LPS‐induced activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), a transcription factor necessary for proinflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX‐2, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 expression. This effect was accompanied by a parallel reduction in IκB‐α degradation and phosphorylation, and by the nuclear translocation of the NF‐κB p65 subunit.
The effects of buddlejasaponin IV on acute phase inflammation were studied on serotonin‐ and carrageenan–induced paw edema. The antiedematous effect of buddlejasaponin IV was compared with 10 mg kg−1 of indomethacin p.o. Maximum inhibitions of 26 and 41% were noted at a dose of 20 mg kg−1 for serotonin‐ and carrageenan‐induced paw edema, respectively.
The analgesic effect of buddlejasaponin IV was evaluated using acetic acid‐induced writhing and hot‐plate tests. Buddlejasaponin IV (10 and 20 mg kg−1, p.o.) was found to have a marked analgesic effect in both models.
These results suggest that the inhibitions of the expressions of iNOS, COX‐2, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 by blocking NF‐κB activation, are responsible for the anti‐inflammatory effects of buddlejasaponin IV isolated from P. kamtschatidum.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 216–225. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706718
Mupirocin Resistance in Clinical Isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Jones Paula G. , Sura Terri , Harris Michael , Strother Anne 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOne hundred isolates ofStaphylococcus aureuswere collected in a laboratory serving several hospitals and clinics in southeastern Wisconsin and tested for mupirocin susceptibility. Only two isolates of S.aureusshowed mupirocin resistance. The mupirocin-resistant isolates were from hospitalized patients with positive blood cultures.
Progressive peak clustering in GC-MS Metabolomic experiments applied to Leishmania parasites
Authors: De Souza David P. , Saunders Eleanor C. , McConville Malcolm J. , Likić Vladimir A. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Motivation: A common problem in the emerging field of metabolomics is the consolidation of signal lists derived from metabolic profiling of different cell/tissue/fluid states where a number of replicate experiments was collected on each state.
Results: We describe an approach for the consolidation of peak lists based on hierarchical clustering, first within each set of replicate experiments and then between the sets of replicate experiments. The problems of finding the dendrogram tree cutoff which gives the optimal number of peak clusters and the effect of different clustering methods were addressed. When applied to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolic profiling data acquired on Leishmania mexicana, this approach resulted in robust data matrices which completely separated the wild-type and two mutant parasite lines based on their metabolic profile.
Contact: vlikic@unimelb.edu.au
Comparing gene expression networks in a multi-dimensional space to extract similarities and differences between organisms
Authors: Lelandais Gaëlle , Vincens Pierre , Badel-Chagnon Anne , Vialette Stéphane , Jacq Claude , Hazout Serge 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Molecular evolution, which is classically assessed by comparison of individual proteins or genes between species, can now be studied by comparing co-expressed functional groups of genes. This approach, which better reflects the functional constraints on the evolution of organisms, can exploit the large amount of data generated by genome-wide expression analyses. However, it requires new methodologies to represent the data in a more accessible way for cross-species comparisons.
Results: In this work, we present an approach based on Multi-dimensional Scaling techniques, to compare the conformation of two gene expression networks, represented in a multi-dimensional space. The expression networks are optimally superimposed, taking into account two criteria: (1) inter-organism orthologous gene pairs have to be nearby points in the final multi-dimensional space and (2) the distortion of the gene expression networks, the organization of which reflects the similarities between the gene expression measurements, has to be circumscribed. Using this approach, we compared the transcriptional programs that drive sporulation in budding and fission yeasts, extracting some common properties and differences between the two species.
Availability: The source code is freely distributed to academic users upon request to the authors. More information can be found online at .
Contact: lelandais@biologie.ens.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at