bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An SSR genetic map of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and its comparison to a published genetic map
Authors: Wu Y.Q. , Huang Yinghua 
Published: May 2007

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is an important grain and forage crop grown worldwide. We developed a simple sequence repeat (SSR) linkage map for sorghum using 352 publicly available SSR primer pairs and a population of 277 F2individuals derived from a cross between the Westland A line and PI 550610. A total of 132 SSR loci appeared polymorphic in the mapping population, and 118 SSRs were mapped to 16 linkage groups. These mapped SSR loci were distributed throughout 10 chromosomes of sorghum, and spanned a distance of 997.5 cM. More important, 38 new SSR loci were added to the sorghum genetic map in this study. The mapping result also showed that chromosomes SBI-01, SBI-02, SBI-05, and SBI-06 each had 1 linkage group; the other 6 chromosomes were composed of 2 linkage groups each. Except for 5 closely linked marker flips and 1 locus (Sb6_34), the marker order of this map was collinear to a published sorghum map, and the genetic distances of common marker intervals were similar, with a difference ratio ≤ 0.05 between the 2 maps. The difference ratio is a new index developed in this study that can be used to compare the genetic distances of DNA markers between 2 maps. This SSR map carrying additional SSR markers will facilitate mapping quantitative trait loci to the sorghum genome and map-based gene cloning. Furthermore, the novel method for calculating distance between DNA markers will be a useful tool for the comparative analysis of genetic markers between linkage maps with different genetic backgrounds and the alignment of different sorghum genetic maps.
Haplotype diversity of preharvest sprouting QTLs in wheat
Authors: Ogbonnaya Francis C. , Imtiaz Muhammad , DePauw Ron M. 
Published: May 2007

Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the most important factors affecting wheat production worldwide in environments characterized by rainfall and high humidity at harvest. In such environments, the incorporation of seed dormancy of a limited duration is required to minimize losses associated with PHS. A global collection of 28 PHS-resistant and -susceptible wheat germplasm was characterized with microsatellite markers flanking the genomic regions associated with PHS-resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs), particularly on chromosomes 3D and 4A. The genetic diversity analysis revealed 380 alleles at 54 microsatellite loci, with an average of 7.0 alleles per locus, among the 28 wheat genotypes. Gower’s genetic similarity values among all possible pairs of genotypes varied from 0.44 to 0.97, indicating that there is considerable diversity in the PHS germplasm evaluated. Cluster and principal coordinates analysis of genetic similarity estimates differentiated the genotypes into groups, according to their source of PHS resistance. Three major SSR haplotypes were observed on chromosome 4AL, designated RL4137-type allele, Aus1408-type allele, and synthetic-hexaploid-type allele. The RL4137-type allele was prevalent in Canadian cultivars, mostly in cluster 6, followed by the Aus1408-type and its derivatives in clusters 4 and 5. The Syn36 and Syn37 alleles on chromosome 4AL were rare. On chromosome 3DL, the SSRs haplotypes derived from Syn36 and Syn37 were also rare, and proved unique to the Aegilops tauschii - derived synthetic hexaploids. They are therefore likely carrying resistance genes different from those previously reported. Based on genetic relationships, PHS resistance might be improved by selecting parental genotypes from different clusters.
Sequencing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) chloroplast genomes identifies differences between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible cucumber lines
Authors: Chung Sang-Min , Gordon Vanessa S. , Staub Jack E. 
Published: May 2007

Chilling injury in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is conditioned by maternal factors, and the sequencing of its chloroplast genome could lead to the identification of economically important candidate genes. Complete sequencing of cucumber chloroplast (cp)DNA was facilitated by the development of 414 consensus chloroplast sequencing primers (CCSPs) from conserved cpDNA sequences of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cpDNAs, using degenerative primer technologies. Genomic sequence analysis led to the construction of 301 CCSPs and 72 cucumber chloroplast-specific sequencing primers (CSSPs), which were used for the complete sequencing of cpDNA of Gy14 (155 525 bp) and ‘Chipper’ (155  524 bp) cucumber lines, which are, respectively, susceptible and tolerant to chilling injury (4 °C for 5.5 h) in the first leaf stage. Comparative cpDNA sequence analyses revealed that 1 sequence span (located between genes trnK and rps16) and 2 nucleotides (located in genes atpB and ycf1) differed between chilling-susceptible and -tolerant lines. These sequence differences correspond to previously reported maternally inherited differences in chilling response between reciprocal F1progeny derived from these lines. Sequence differences at these 3 cpDNA sites were also detected in a genetically diverse array of cucumber germplasm with different chilling responses. These and previously reported results suggest that 1 or several of these sequences could be responsible for the observed response to chilling injury in cucumber. The comprehensive sequencing of cpDNA of cucumber by CCSPs and CSSPs indicates that these primers have immediate applications in the analysis of cpDNAs from other dicotyledonous species and the investigation of evolutionary relationships.
Moraxella catarrhalisinduces ERK- and NF-κB-dependent COX-2 and prostaglandin E2in lung epithelium
Authors: N'Guessan P. D. , Temmesfeld-Wollbrück B. , Zahlten J. , Eitel J. , Zabel S. , Schmeck B. , Opitz B. , Hippenstiel S. , Suttorp N. , Slevogt H. 
Published: May 2007

Moraxella catarrhalisis a major cause of infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2(PGE2), are considered to be important regulators of lung function. The present authors tested the hypothesis thatM. catarrhalisinduces COX-2-dependent PGE2production in pulmonary epithelial cells.In the present study, the authors demonstrate thatM. catarrhalisspecifically induces COX-2 expression and subsequent PGE2release in pulmonary epithelial cells. Furthermore, the prostanoid receptor subtypes EP2 and EP4 were also upregulated in these cells.TheM. catarrhalis-specific ubiquitous cell surface protein A1 was important for the induction of COX-2 and PGE2. Moreover,M. catarrhalis-induced COX-2 and PGE2expression was dependent on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-driven activation of nuclear factor-κB, but not on the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.In conclusion, the present data suggest that ubiquitous cell surface protein A1 ofMoraxella catarrhalis, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and nuclear factor-κB control cyclooxygenase-2 expression and subsequent prostaglandin E2release by lung epithelial cells.Moraxella catarrhalis-induced prostaglandin E2expression might counteract lung inflammation promoting colonisation of the respiratory tract in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Cigarette smoke condensate inhibits ENaC α-subunit expression in lung epithelial cells
Authors: Xu H. , Ferro T. J. , Chu S. 
Published: May 2007

Cigarette smoke has been associated with lung fluid accumulation and increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome. It was postulated that ENaC α-subunit, which plays a critical role in lung fluid absorption, is affected by cigarette smoke.Cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) was used to treat a human lung epithelial cell line. ENaC α-subunit expression was measured using immunoblotting, quantitative PCR and promoter–reporter assays.The current authors found that CSC, without affecting cell survival, suppressed α-subunit expression at the transcriptional level in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. This suppression is neither related to nicotine nor due to an increase of hydrogen peroxide levels in CSC-treated cells. CSC also suppressed α-subunit core promoter activity. Dexamethasone, which activates the core promoter, was able to attenuate the inhibitory effect of CSC. However, in the presence of CSC, dexamethasone was unable to elicit a full-scale activation of α-subunit expression. This inhibition of dexamethasone was partially reversed by withdrawal of CSC.The present results demonstrate that cigarette smoke condensate inhibits ENaC α-subunit expression at the transcriptional level through its promoter. This inhibition could be reversed by dexamethasone. The results also suggest that higher doses of dexamethasone may be needed to activate α-subunit expression in smokers’ lungs compared with nonsmokers’ lungs, and that quitting smoking might improve the effectiveness of dexamethasone.
Respiratory symptoms, atopy and bronchial hyperreactivity in professional firefighters
Authors: Miedinger D. , Chhajed P. N. , Stolz D. , Gysin C. , Wanzenried A-B. , Schindler C. , Surber C. , Bucher H. C. , Tamm M. , Leuppi J. D. 
Published: May 2007

The aim of the present study was to assess respiratory health in professional firefighters.A total of 101 male professional firefighters from Basel, Switzerland, were included in the study. A control group consisting of 735 male subjects of the general population was composed of the Basel sample of the Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults. All subjects were administered a standardised questionnaire, spirometry, skin-prick tests and bronchial challenge testing to methacholine.Respiratory symptoms at work were more frequent in firefighters compared with the control group, including burning eyes (21versus3%), running nose (19versus2%), itchy throat (26versus3%), cough (28versus3%), dyspnoea (7versus2%) and headache (25versus3%), respectively. Atopy was present in 51% of firefighters compared with 32% in the control group. The odds ratio for hyperreactivity to methacholine was 2.24 (95% confidence interval 1.12–4.48) for firefighters compared with the control group.Firefighters reported more respiratory symptoms at work and suffered more often from atopy compared with the control group. Bronchial hyperreactivity was more pronounced in firefighters, but it was not related to acute exposure or duration of employment. It remains unclear whether these findings were present at recruitment or developed after joining the workforce.
M. tuberculosis genotypic diversity and drug susceptibility pattern in HIV- infected and non-HIV-infected patients in northern Tanzania
Authors: Kibiki Gibson S , Mulder Bert , Dolmans Wil MV , de Beer Jessica L , Boeree Martin , Sam Noel , van Soolingen Dick , Sola Christophe , van der Zanden Adri GM 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem and HIV is the major cause of the increase in TB. Sub-Saharan Africa is endemic for both TB and HIV infection. Determination of the prevalence of M. tuberculosis strains and their drug susceptibility is important for TB control.
TB positive culture, BAL fluid or sputum samples from 130 patients were collected and genotyped. The spoligotypes were correlated with anti-tuberculous drug susceptibility in HIV-infected and non-HIV patients from Tanzania.

Results
One-third of patients were TB/HIV co-infected. Forty-seven spoligotypes were identified.
Fourteen isolates (10.8%) had new and unique spoligotypes while 116 isolates (89.2%) belonged to 33 known spoligotypes. The major spoligotypes contained nine clusters: CAS1-Kili 30.0%, LAM11- ZWE 14.6%, ND 9.2%, EAI 6.2%, Beijing 5.4%, T-undefined 4.6%, CAS1-Delhi 3.8%, T1 3.8% and LAM9 3.8%. Twelve (10.8%) of the 111 phenotypically tested strains were resistant to anti-TB drugs. Eight (7.2%) were monoresistant strains: 7 to isoniazid (INH) and one to streptomycin. Four strains (3.5%) were resistant to multiple drugs: one (0.9%) was resistant to INH and streptomycin and the other three (2.7%) were MDR strains: one was resistant to INH, rifampicin and ethambutol and two were resistant to all four anti-TB drugs. Mutation in the kat G gene codon 315 and the rpo B hotspot region showed a low and high sensitivity, respectively, as predictor of phenotypic drug resistance.

Conclusion
CAS1-Kili and LAM11-ZWE were the most common families. Strains of the Beijing family and CAS1-Kili were not or least often associated with resistance, respectively. HIV status was not associated with spoligotypes, resistance or previous TB treatment.
"They think we're OK and we know we're not". A qualitative study of asylum seekers' access, knowledge and views to health care in the UK
Authors: O'Donnell Catherine A , Higgins Maria , Chauhan Rohan , Mullen Kenneth 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Background
The provision of healthcare for asylum seekers is a global issue. Providing appropriate and culturally sensitive services requires us to understand the barriers facing asylum seekers and the facilitators that help them access health care. Here, we report on two linked studies exploring these issues, along with the health care needs and beliefs of asylum seekers living in the UK.

Methods
Two qualitative methods were employed: focus groups facilitated by members of the asylum seeking community and interviews, either one-to-one or in a group, conducted through an interpreter. Analysis was facilitated using the Framework method.

Results
Most asylum seekers were registered with a GP, facilitated for some by an Asylum Support nurse. Many experienced difficulty getting timely appointments with their doctor, especially for self-limiting symptoms that they felt could become more serious, especially in children. Most were positive about the health care they received, although some commented on the lack of continuity. However, there was surprise and disappointment at the length of waiting times both for hospital appointments and when attending accident and emergency departments. Most had attended a dentist, but usually only when there was a clinical need. The provision of interpreters in primary care was generally good, although there was a tension between interpreters translating verbatim and acting as patient advocates. Access to interpreters in other settings, e.g. in-patient hospital stays, was problematic. Barriers included the cost of over-the-counter medication, e.g. children's paracetamol; knowledge of out-of-hours medical care; and access to specialists in secondary care. Most respondents came from countries with no system of primary medical care, which impacted on their expectations of the UK system.

Conclusion
Most asylum seekers were positive about their experiences of health care. However, we have identified issues regarding their understanding of how the UK system works, in particular the role of general practitioners and referral to hospital specialists. The provision of an Asylum Support nurse was clearly a facilitator to accessing primary medical care. Initiatives to increase their awareness and understanding of the UK system would be beneficial. Interpreting services also need to be developed, in particular their role in secondary care and the development of the role of interpreter as patient advocate.
The effect of acetaminophen (four grams a day for three consecutive days) on hepatic tests in alcoholic patients – a multicenter randomized study
Authors: Kuffner EK , Green JL , Bogdan GM , Knox PC , Palmer RB , Heard K , Slattery JT , Dart RC 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundHepatic failure has been associated with reported therapeutic use of acetaminophen by alcoholic patients. The highest risk period for alcoholic patients is immediately after discontinuation of alcohol intake. This period exhibits the largest increase in CYP2E1 induction and lowest glutathione levels. Our hypothesis was that common liver tests would be unaffected by administration of the maximum recommended daily dosage of acetaminophen for 3 consecutive days to newly-abstinent alcoholic subjects.MethodsAdult alcoholic subjects entering two alcohol detoxification centers were enrolled in a prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to acetaminophen, 4 g/day, or placebo for 3 consecutive days. The study had 95% probability of detecting a 15 IU/L difference in serum ALT.ResultsA total of 443 subjects were enrolled: 308 (258 completed) received acetaminophen and 135 subjects (114 completed) received placebo. Study groups did not differ in demographics, alcohol consumption, nutritional status or baseline laboratory assessments. The peak mean ALT activity was 57 ± 45 IU/L and 55 ± 48 IU/L in the acetaminophen and placebo groups, respectively. Subgroup analyses for subjects presenting with an elevated ALT, subjects fulfilling a diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis and subjects attaining a peak ALT greater than 200 IU/L showed no statistical difference between the acetaminophen and control groups. The one participant developing an increased international normalized ratio was in the placebo group.ConclusionAlcoholic patients treated with the maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen for 3 consecutive days did not develop increases in serum transaminase or other measures of liver injury. Treatment of pain or fever for 3 days with acetaminophen appears safe in newly-abstinent alcoholic patients, such as those presenting for acute medical care.
Temperament, character and personality disorders as predictors of response to interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression
Authors: Joyce Peter R. , McKenzie Janice M. , Carter Janet D. , Rae Alma M. , Luty Suzanne E. , Frampton Christopher M. A. , Mulder Roger T. 
Published: May 2007

BackgroundInterpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive–behavioural therapy are widely accepted as effective treatments for major depression. There is little evidence on how personality disorder or personality traits affect treatment response.AimsTo determine whether personality disorder or traits have an adverse impact on treatment response to interpersonal psychotherapy or cognitive–behavioural therapy in people receiving out-patient treatment for depression.MethodThe study was a randomised trial in a university-based clinical research unit for out-patients with depression.ResultsPersonality disorder did not adversely affect treatment response for patients with depression randomised to cognitive–behavioural therapy Conversely, personality disorder did adversely affect treatment response for patients randomised to interpersonal psychotherapy.ConclusionsDespite the two therapies having comparable efficacy in patients with depression, response to interpersonal psychotherapy (but not cognitive–behavioural therapy) is affected by personality traits. This could suggest the two therapies are indicated for different patients or that they work by different mechanisms.
Short-term antidepressant treatment and facial processing
Authors: Norbury Ray , Mackay Clare E. , Cowen Philip J. , Goodwin Guy M. , Harmer Catherine J. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the effects of short-term treatment with reboxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, on emotional facial processing in healthy volunteers. Reboxetine was associated with a reduced amygdala response to fearful faces and increased activation to happy v. neutral facial expressions in the right fusiform gyrus, relative to placebo treatment and in the absence of changes in mood. Our results show that reboxetine modulates the neural substrates of emotional processing, highlighting a mechanism by which drug treatment could normalise negative bias in depression and anxiety.
Does treating depression improve survival after acute coronary syndrome?
Authors: Carney Robert M. , Freedland Kenneth E. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryBoth the MIND–IT and the ENRICHD studies failed to show that medical outcomes of acute myocardial infarction can be improved by treating deperssion. However, neither study had sufficient statistical power to convincingly test this hypothesis. More effective treatments for depression will have to be developed if this hypothesis is to be tested with sufficient power in attainable samples.
Crime rates and local newspaper coverage of schizophrenia
Authors: Chopra Arun K. , Doody Gillian A. 
Published: May 2007

Aims and MethodThe association in the media of mental illness with violence is well established. This study looks at whether there are differences in the portrayal of schizophrenia in the local newspapers of Nottingham, an area with a high crime rate and Dorset, an area with a low crime rate.ResultsWe analysed 98 newspaper articles, 55 from Nottingham and 43 from Dorset, and found no statistically significant difference in the portrayal of schizophrenia. Overall, 36.1% of articles were negative in tone, 56.7% were neutral and 7.2% were positive. In 6 of the 98 articles (6.1%) a person with schizophrenia or their carer was interviewed. These articles were either positive or neutral in tone. Schizophrenia has entered the language as a metaphor.Clinical ImplicationsLocal levels of crime do not appear to influence the portrayal of schizophrenia in local newspapers. Associations with dangerousness continue to predominate and the lay public continues to receive a distorted image of people living with schizophrenia. More interviews with patients and carers might help to address this imbalance. It is important to explore what the word schizophrenia means to patients and carers.
Lewis Acid Mediated Reactions of Allyl Chalcogenides with Ethyl Glyoxylate
Authors: Hirabayashi Kazunori , Sato Hideki , Kuriyama Yu , Matsuo Jun-ichi , Sato Soichi , Shimizu Toshio , Kamigata Nobumasa 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Allyl mesityl sulfide reacted with ethyl glyoxylate in the presence of tin(IV) chloride to give a tetrahydrofuran derivative. The presence of a bulky substituent on the sulfur atom was crucial to the present reaction. The reaction of allyl mesityl selenide also gave a cycloaddition product, whereas allylation occurred when allyl mesityl telluride was used.
Ultra-high Magnetic Field (21.8 T) Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Inorganic Materials
Authors: Shimoda Keiji , Kanehashi Koji , Hatakeyama Moriaki , Tobu Yasuhiro , Shimizu Tadashi , Saito Koji 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
We hereby report that ultra-high magnetic field (21.8 T) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is very useful in studies of quadrupolar nuclides in inorganic materials. The increase in signal sensitivity, especially for species with large quadrupolar products, and the decrease in signal width become significant with increasing magnetic field strength. An 27Al 5QMAS spectrum of a refractory mortar was considerably resolved at 21.8 T compared with 16.4 T, suggesting the effectiveness of the ultra-high field NMR in clarifying the local structures in complex materials.
Partial Quenching of Sonoluminescence by Monoatomic Gases
Authors: Abe Yuhki , Nakabayashi Seiichiro 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
In a solitary bubble trapped at the antinode of the standing acoustic field in water, the density increase of n-butanoic acid in the bubble quenched the sonoluminescence in consuming the acoustic energy by sonochemical reaction. In the bubbles filled with inert gases (He, Ar, and Xe), the quenching was obvious in Xe, but in He. These observations suggest that He locating at the bubble center reduces the sonochemical reactivity.