bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of senile depression diagnosed by N‐isopropyl‐P‐[123I]‐iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography
Authors: KOIKE Shinske , OSHIMA Norihito , DOI Nagafumi , KATO Nobumasa 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIt is sometimes difficult to distinguish between dementia with depressive mood and depressive pseudodementia (DPD). However, it is important that a differential diagnosis between them is made because cognition and memory disorder in DPD patients are treatable. Herein, we describe a case of senile depression in a woman with memory and cognition problems. Her diagnosis was based on low blood flow and low metabolism in her frontal lobe, detected by N‐isopropyl‐P‐[123I]‐iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET). After antidepressant therapy, the patient's depressive mood diminished and blood flow and metabolism in the frontal lobe recovered. These findings suggest that SPECT and PET can be used to make a differential diagnosis between senile depression and dementia, as well as for following recovery from a depressive mood.
Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease with diabetes in the Japanese population
Authors: KIMURA Ryosuke , TOMIYASU Hitoshi , TAKEUCHI Toyo , SHIMIZU Manabu , HAYASHI Yoshinari , OKAYAMA Naotsuka , KAMIYA Yoshinobu , JOH Takashi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground:  The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of impaired cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in diabetic subjects from Japan.Methods:  In the present study, 386 Japanese diabetic subjects aged more than 50 years were initially screened with the ‘brief screening test’ for AD, and were diagnosed with AD and vascular dementia (VaD) according to the criteria of the NINCDS‐ADRDA and the NINDS‐AIREN. We compared the prevalence of dementia in diabetic patients with that in ordinary subjects, and analyzed the association of the status of diabetes with dementia including AD and VaD.Results:  Forty‐six (11.9%) patients were diagnosed with dementia, including 13 (3.4%) patients with AD and nine (2.3%) patients with VaD. Of the 221 subjects aged more than 65 years, 39 (17.6%) patients had dementia, including 13 (5.9%) patients with AD and eight (3.6%) patients with VaD. Compared with ordinary subjects, the prevalence of dementia in the present study was more frequent than the prevalence of dementia for the general population in almost each age group examined. There was also a greater prevalence of AD and VaD in subjects aged over 65 years in the present study. In the present study, AD subjects had significantly higher levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG; 247.5 ± 116.3 mg/dL; P < 0.05) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c; 8.8 ± 1.9%; P < 0.01) compared with non‐demented subjects. In AD patients, the odds ratios of FPG and HbA1c were also significantly higher (1.02 and 2.07, respectively; both P < 0.01).Conclusion:  The present study shows that diabetes can be associated with impaired cognitive function, particularly AD, in Japanese subjects.
Differentiating early and late‐onset depression with multichannel near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: YAMAGATA Bun , TOMIOKA Hiroi , TAKAHASHI Taro , ISOMURA Angelica J , KOBAYASHI Hitomi , MIMURA Masaru 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground:  Individuals with late‐life depression can be divided into two categories, those with early and late‐onset depression (EOD and LOD, respectively). It has been reported that LOD has more accentuated subcortical vascular lesions and frontal lobe dysfunction (hypofrontality). The aim of the present study was to examine whether LOD exhibits more prominent hypofrontality than EOD during performance of the word fluency task (WFT) under multichannel near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a newly developed non‐invasive functional neuroimaging technique.Methods:  Eleven patients with EOD, 12 patients with LOD, and 13 healthy controls participated in the study. Clinical symptoms of depression were equivalent in the EOD and LOD groups. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated more robust subcortical vascular changes in LOD than EOD. The NIRS images were obtained using an ETG‐4000, 52‐channel NIRS system (Hitachi Medical, Tokyo, Japan). Mean changes in oxy‐hemoglobin (oxy‐Hb) were evaluated while the participants performed the phonemic WFT.Results:  Healthy controls exhibited clear increases in oxy‐Hb bilaterally throughout the medial to the lateral frontal cortices and the superior temporal areas during the WFT. In contrast, increases in oxy‐Hb were mildly attenuated in EOD and severely attenuated in LOD in most channels. Subsequent analyses revealed that increases in oxy‐Hb in LOD during the WFT was significantly poorer than in EOD in the left lateral portion of the cortex, including the dorsolateral prefrontal and the superior temporal areas. In addition, significant negative correlations were obtained between the age of onset and oxy‐Hb, as well as between subcortical vascular changes and oxy‐Hb in the lateral channels. These findings suggest that the higher the age of onset of depression, and the more prominent the vascular lesions, the greater the attenuation in lateral frontal and temporal activation, as indicated by NIRS.Conclusions:  Multichannel NIRS is useful for demonstrating attenuated functional activation in the left lateral prefrontal and temporal areas in LOD and, thus, for differentiating between LOD and EOD. The NIRS findings observed may have useful clinical implications for treatment‐resistant LOD.
Granulite facies metamorphism and subsolidus fluid‐absent reworking, Strangways Range, Arunta Block, central Australia
Authors: DIENER J. F. A. , WHITE R. W. , POWELL R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOrthopyroxene‐rich quartz‐saturated granulites of the Strangways Range, Arunta Block, central Australia, record evidence of two high‐grade metamorphic events. Initial granulite facies metamorphism (M1, at c. 1.7 Ga) involved partial melting and migmatization culminating in conditions of 8.5 kbar and 850 °C. Preservation of the peak M1 mineral assemblages from these conditions indicates that most of the generated melt was lost from these rocks at or near peak metamorphic conditions. Subsequent reworking (M2, at c. 1.65 Ga) is characterized by intense deformation, the absence of partial melting and the development of orthopyroxene–sillimanite ± gedrite‐bearing mineral assemblages. Gedrite is only present in cordierite‐rich lithologies where it preferentially replaces M1 cordierite porphyroblasts. Pseudosection calculations indicate that M2 occurred at subsolidus fluid‐absent conditions (aH2o ∼ 0.2) at 6–7.5 kbar and 670–720 °C. The mineral assemblages in the reworked rocks are consistent with closed system behaviour with respect to H2O subsequent to M1 melt loss. M2 reworking was primarily driven by increased temperature from the stable geotherm reached after cooling from M1 and deformation‐induced recrystallization and re‐equilibration, rather than rehydration from an externally derived fluid. The development of the M2 assemblages is strongly dependent on the intensity of deformation, not only for promoting equilibration, but also for equalizing the volume changes that result from metamorphic reactions. Calculations suggest that the protoliths of the orthopyroxene‐rich granulites were cordierite–orthoamphibole gneisses, rather than pelites, and that the unusual bulk compositions of these rocks were inherited from the protoliths. Melt loss is insufficient to account for the genesis of these rocks from more typical pelitic compositions. In quartz‐rich gneisses, however, melt loss along the M1 prograde path was able to modify the bulk rock composition sufficiently to stabilize peak metamorphic assemblages different from those that would have otherwise developed.
Quality Improvement Toward Decreasing High‐Risk Medications for Older Veteran Outpatients
Authors: Zillich Alan J. , Shay Kenneth , Hyduke Barbara , Emmendorfer Thomas R. , Mellow Alan M. , Counsell Steven R. , Supiano Mark A. , Woodbridge Peter , Reeves Pamela 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of a quality improvement program to decrease prescribing of high‐risk medications.DESIGN: Single cohort, pre‐ and postintervention.SETTING: Regional network of Department of Veterans Affairs medical facilities.PARTICIPANTS: Outpatient veterans aged 65 and older who received one or more high‐risk medications and the prescribing clinicians.INTERVENTION: A two‐stage intervention was implemented. First, a real‐time warning message to prescribers appeared whenever one of the high‐risk drugs was ordered; second, a personally addressed letter from the Chief Medical Officer asking prescribers to consider discontinuing the high‐risk medication along with a copy of the Beers criteria article, a list of suggested alternatives to high‐risk medications, and a list of older patients receiving the high‐risk medications who had upcoming appointments with these prescribers.MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was the absence of prescribed high‐risk medications for all patients in the cohort during the postintervention period. For a subgroup of the cohort whose prescribers received the second‐stage intervention, an additional outcome was the absence of prescribed high‐risk medications within the subgroup.RESULTS: Two thousand seven hundred fifty‐three unique patients were identified in the cohort; 1,396 (50.7%) had high‐risk medications discontinued, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of patients prescribed high‐risk medications from the preintervention period to the postintervention period (P<.001). Of the 801 patients in the subgroup, 72.0% (n=577) had high‐risk medications discontinued (P<.001).CONCLUSION: This multimethod intervention significantly decreased prescribing of high‐risk medications to older patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings.
Submacular fluid after encircling buckle surgery for inferior macula‐off retinal detachment in young patients
Authors: Abouzeid Hana , Becker Klio , Holz Frank G. , Wolfensberger Thomas J. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  Characterization of persistent diffuse subretinal fluid using optical coherence tomography (OCT) after successful encircling buckle surgery for inferior macula‐off retinal detachment in young patients.Methods:  Institutional retrospective review of six young patients (mean age 31 ± 6 years; five female, one male) with spontaneous inferior rhegmatogenous macula‐off retinal detachment. All patients were treated with encircling buckle surgery and five out of six underwent additional external drainage of subretinal fluid. Mean follow‐up was 37 ± 25 months (range 17–75 months) and included complete ophthalmic and OCT examination.Results:  At 6 months, 100% of patients showed persistence of subretinal fluid on OCT. Four patients had diffuse fluid accumulation, whereas two patients showed a ‘bleb‐like’ accumulation of fluid. This fluid was present independent of whether or not patients had been treated with external fluid drainage. Subretinal fluid only started to disappear on OCT between 6 and more than 12 months after surgery.Conclusion:  Young patients with inferior macula‐off retinal detachments and a marginally liquefied vitreous may show persisting postoperative subclinical fluid under the macula for longer periods of time than described previously.
Aberrant CpG island methylation in acute myeloid leukemia is accentuated at relapse
Authors: Kroeger Heike , Jelinek Jaroslav , Estécio Marcos R. H. , He Rong , Kondo Kimie , Chung Woonbok , Zhang Li , Shen Lanlan , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Bueso-Ramos Carlos E. , Issa Jean-Pierre J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDNA methylation of CpG islands around gene transcription start sites results in gene silencing and plays a role in leukemia pathophysiology. Its impact in leukemia progression is not fully understood. We performed genomewide screening for methylated CpG islands and identified 8 genes frequently methylated in leukemia cell lines and in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML): NOR1, CDH13, p15, NPM2, OLIG2, PGR, HIN1, and SLC26A4. We assessed the methylation status of these genes and of the repetitive element LINE-1 in 30 patients with AML, both at diagnosis and relapse. Abnormal methylation was found in 23% to 83% of patients at diagnosis and in 47% to 93% at relapse, with CDH13 being the most frequently methylated. We observed concordance in methylation of several genes, confirming the presence of a hypermethylator pathway in AML. DNA methylation levels increased at relapse in 25 of 30 (83%) patients with AML. These changes represent much larger epigenetic dysregulation, since methylation microarray analysis of 9008 autosomal genes in 4 patients showed hypermethylation ranging from 5.9% to 13.6% (median 8.3%) genes at diagnosis and 8.0% to 15.2% (median 10.6%) genes in relapse (P < .001). Our data suggest that DNA methylation is involved in AML progression and provide a rationale for the use of epigenetic agents in remission maintenance.
Unique motifs identify PIG-A proteins from glycosyltransferases of the GT4 family
Authors: Oswal Nupur , Sahni Narinder Singh , Bhattacharya Alok , Komath Sneha Sudha , Muthuswami Rohini 
Published: June 2008

Abstract

Background
The first step of GPI anchor biosynthesis is catalyzed by PIG-A, an enzyme that transfers N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol. This protein is present in all eukaryotic organisms ranging from protozoa to higher mammals, as part of a larger complex of five to six 'accessory' proteins whose individual roles in the glycosyltransferase reaction are as yet unclear. The PIG-A gene has been shown to be an essential gene in various eukaryotes. In humans, mutations in the protein have been associated with paroxysomal noctural hemoglobuinuria. The corresponding PIG-A gene has also been recently identified in the genome of many archaeabacteria although genes of the accessory proteins have not been discovered in them. The present study explores the evolution of PIG-A and the phylogenetic relationship between this protein and other glycosyltransferases.

Results
In this paper we show that out of the twelve conserved motifs identified by us eleven are exclusively present in PIG-A and, therefore, can be used as markers to identify PIG-A from newly sequenced genomes. Three of these motifs are absent in the primitive eukaryote, G. lamblia. Sequence analyses show that seven of these conserved motifs are present in prokaryote and archaeal counterparts in rudimentary forms and can be used to differentiate PIG-A proteins from glycosyltransferases. Using partial least square regression analysis and data involving presence or absence of motifs in a range of PIG-A and glycosyltransferases we show that (i) PIG-A may have evolved from prokaryotic glycosyltransferases and lipopolysaccharide synthases, members of the GT4 family of glycosyltransferases and (ii) it is possible to uniquely classify PIG-A proteins versus glycosyltransferases.

Conclusion
Besides identifying unique motifs and showing that PIG-A protein from G. lamblia and some putative PIG-A proteins from archaebacteria are evolutionarily closer to glycosyltransferases, these studies provide a new method for identification and classification of PIG-A proteins.
The genome of the versatile nitrogen fixer Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571
Authors: Lee Kyung-Bum , De Backer Philippe , Aono Toshihiro , Liu Chi-Te , Suzuki Shino , Suzuki Tadahiro , Kaneko Takakazu , Yamada Manabu , Tabata Satoshi , Kupfer Doris M , Najar Fares Z , Wiley Graham B , Roe Bruce , Binnewies Tim T , Ussery David W , D'Haeze Wim , Den Herder Jeroen , Gevers Dirk , Vereecke Danny , Holsters Marcelle , Oyaizu Hiroshi 
Published: June 2008

Abstract

Background
Biological nitrogen fixation is a prokaryotic process that plays an essential role in the global nitrogen cycle. Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 has the dual capacity to fix nitrogen both as free-living organism and in a symbiotic interaction with Sesbania rostrata. The host is a fast-growing, submergence-tolerant tropical legume on which A. caulinodans can efficiently induce nodule formation on the root system and on adventitious rootlets located on the stem.

Results
The 5.37-Mb genome consists of a single circular chromosome with an overall average GC of 67% and numerous islands with varying GC contents. Most nodulation functions as well as a putative type-IV secretion system are found in a distinct symbiosis region. The genome contains a plethora of regulatory and transporter genes and many functions possibly involved in contacting a host. It potentially encodes 4717 proteins of which 96.3% have homologs and 3.7% are unique for A. caulinodans. Phylogenetic analyses show that the diazotroph Xanthobacter autotrophicus is the closest relative among the sequenced genomes, but the synteny between both genomes is very poor.

Conclusion
The genome analysis reveals that A. caulinodans is a diazotroph that acquired the capacity to nodulate most probably through horizontal gene transfer of a complex symbiosis island. The genome contains numerous genes that reflect a strong adaptive and metabolic potential. These combined features and the availability of the annotated genome make A. caulinodans an attractive organism to explore symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation beyond leguminous plants.
TMJ metastasis: A unusual case report
Authors: Boniello Roberto , Gasparini Giulio , D'Amato Giuseppe , Di Petrillo Alessandro , Pelo Sandro 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
The metastases to the TMJ from a primary lung tumour is a very rare occurrence.
This case is unusual in several aspects, as the non-reducible dislocation of the TMJ was the first clinical manifestation of the tumour. CT staging showed that this secondary tumour in the condyle was the only bone metastasis.
A psychoeducational intervention reduces the need for anesthesia during radiotherapy for young childhood cancer patients
Authors: Haeberli Sonja , Grotzer Michael A , Niggli Felix K , Landolt Markus A , Linsenmeier Claudia , Ammann Roland A , Bodmer Nicole 
Published: June 2008

Abstract

Background
Radiotherapy (RT) has become an important treatment modality in pediatric oncology, but its delivery to young children with cancer is challenging and general anesthesia is often needed.

Methods
To evaluate whether a psychoeducational intervention might reduce the need for anesthesia, 223 consecutive pediatric cancer patients receiving 4141 RT fractions during 244 RT courses between February 1989 and January 2006 were studied. Whereas in 154 RT courses corresponding with 2580 RT fractions patients received no psychoeducational intervention (group A), 90 RT courses respectively 1561 RT fractions were accomplished by using psychoeducational intervention (group B). This tailored psychoeducational intervention in group B included a play program and interactive support by a trained nurse according to age to get familiar with staff, equipment and procedure of radiotherapy.

Results
Group A did not differ significantly from group B in age at RT, gender, diagnosis, localization of RT and positioning during RT. Whereas 33 (21.4%) patients in group A got anesthesia, only 8 (8.9%) patients in group B needed anesthesia. The median age of cooperating patients without anesthesia decreased from 3.2 to 2.7 years. In both uni- and multivariate analyses the psychoeducational intervention significantly and independently reduced the need for anesthesia.

Conclusion
We conclude that a specifically tailored psychoeducational intervention is able to reduce the need for anesthesia in children undergoing RT for cancer. This results in lower costs and increased cooperation during RT.
The p110γ isoform of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulates migration of effector CD4 T lymphocytes into peripheral inflammatory sites
Authors: Thomas Molly S , Mitchell Jason S , DeNucci Christopher C , Martin Amanda L , Shimizu Yoji 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe role of PI-3K in leukocyte function has been studied extensively. However, the specific role of the p110γ isoform of PI- 3K in CD4 T lymphocyte function has yet to be defined explicitly. In this study, we report that although p110γ does not regulate antigen-dependent CD4 T cell activation and proliferation, it plays a crucial role in regulating CD4 effector T cell migration. Naïve p110γ−/− CD4 lymphocytes are phenotypically identical to their wild-type (WT) counterparts and do not exhibit any defects in TCR-mediated calcium mobilization or Erk activation. In addition, p110γ-deficient CD4 OT.II T cells become activated and proliferate comparably with WT cells in response to antigen in vivo. Interestingly, however, antigen-experienced, p110γ-deficient CD4 OT.II lymphocytes exhibit dramatic defects in their ability to traffic to peripheral inflammatory sites in vivo. Although antigen-activated, p110γ-deficient CD4 T cells express P-selectin ligand, β2 integrin, β1 integrin, CCR4, CXCR5, and CCR7 comparably with WT cells, they exhibit impaired F-actin polarization and migration in response to stimulation ex vivo with the CCR4 ligand CCL22. These findings suggest that p110γ regulates the migration of antigen-experienced effector CD4 T lymphocytes into inflammatory sites during adaptive immune responses in vivo.
Effects of Cerivastatin Withdrawal on Statin Persistence
Authors: Reaume Kristen T , Erickson Steven R , Dorsch Michael P , Dunham Niquole LM , Hiniker Susan M , Prabhakar Nitya , Kline-Rogers Eva M , Eagle Kim A 
Published: June 2008

Background: Medication-taking behavior is influenced by many factors, as described by the Health Belief Model. Information on withdrawals of drugs from the market may be an example of negative external stimuli that might influence patients' decisions to persist with long-term drug therapy. Objective: To evaluate the association between the withdrawal of cerivastatin from the market and persistence in taking all other statins in patients who recently experienced acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Patients from a large ACS registry who responded to questions about medication use during a postdischarge telephone survey between November 2000 and February 2002 were categorized into 3 groups: pre- (November 1, 2000–April 30, 2001), peri- (May 1, 2001–August 31.2001), and post- (September 1. 2001–February 28, 2002) cerivastatin withdrawal periods. Patients were considered persistent It, at the time of the survey, they continued to take study medication that had been prescribed at discharge. Persistence with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, aspirin, and β-btockers was also assessed to determine whether changes in statin persistence ware unique to the class or related to other medication issues (hat affected all classes. The Kruskal–Wallis test, with post hoc Mann–Whitney U test, was used to analyze the differences in persistence between the groups. All comparisons were considered statistically significant at p less than 0.05. Results: There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between study groups. Persistence with statins decreased during the periwithdrawal period (88.4% pre vs 76.7% peri) and rebounded in the postwithdrawal period (90.8%; p = 0.007). There were no significant differences in persistence with the other drug classes. Conclusions: The temporary decline in statin persistence appeared to be associated with the withdrawal of cerivastatin, while persistence with the other study medications remained constant. Clinicians need to understand the potential effect of factors such as media attention surrounding a drug's withdrawal on patients' medication-taking behavior.