bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Comparing surgical site wound infection after laparoscopic and open radical cystectomies in patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Luo Hua‐Ming , Xiong Yong‐Jiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study comprehensively compared the effects of laparoscopic and open radical cystectomies on postoperative wound infections and complications in patients with bladder cancer. We conducted a systematic search for relevant studies in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases, from database inception to October 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the quality based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. Overall, 16 studies involving 1427 patients with bladder cancer were included. The analysis revealed that, compared with open radical cystectomy, laparoscopic radical cystectomy significantly reduced the incidence of wound infections (odds ratio [OR] = 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23–0.64, p < 0.001) and complications (OR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.26–0.47, p < 0.001) and significantly shortened the hospital stay duration (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −1.85, 95%CI: −2.34 to −1.36, p < 0.001). Thus, this study determined that laparoscopic radical cystectomy for the treatment of bladder cancer effectively reduced the occurrence of wound infections and complications, and significantly shortened the patient's hospital stay, demonstrating notable therapeutic effectiveness worthy of clinical application.
Characteristics and outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers treated with surgical debridement and standardized wound care
Authors: Moghaddam Ahmadi Moein , Ashoobi Mohammad Taghi , Darabi Zohreh , Ramezannezhad Hossein , Moghaddam Ahmadi Mahta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) pose a significant clinical challenge, often leading to amputations and hospitalisation. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of DFUs treated with surgical debridement and standardised wound care. This descriptive cross‐sectional study focused on diabetic patients with appropriate vascular conditions, as determined by an Ankle Brachial Index >0.9. Based on their infection status, participants were admitted to Poursina Hospital in Rasht, Iran, and subjected to initial supportive measures, antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement. The study incorporated primary treatment with wet bandages, silver spray and fibrinolysin ointment. Statistical analysis employed SPSS 22 software. Most patients were male (54.7%) and under 60 years old (50.7%). Overweight status was prevalent in 69.3% of diabetic ulcer patients, amongst whom 48% underwent wrist debridement. The 64% and 36% of the cases had grade III and grade II Texas index. Moreover, 96% of patients exhibited signs of infection and were classified as Stage Texas B. Reoperation was necessary for 34.7% of patients. The mean hospital stay was 8.5 ± 7.55 days, and the average recovery time was 15.2 ± 15.19 days. Out of 75 patients, 10 were unable to return to limb function due to disability. In this study, around one‐third of patients required secondary repair with grafts and flaps. A small number of them were unable to recover because of underlying disability, and the mean recovery time in other cases was 24 days. Future studies should follow up with patients for longer periods to assess long‐term therapeutic outcomes and quality of life.
Analysing predictors of surgical site infections in patients undergoing emergency surgery for traumatic pulmonary haemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Jie , Pan Chengwen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIdentifying predictors for surgical site infections (SSIs) after emergency surgical treatment for traumatic pulmonary haemorrhage (TPH) is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aims to ascertain these predictors. In this comprehensive retrospective study, conducted from January 2020 to December 2023 at our institution, 75 patients were analysed, including a case group of 25 patients with SSIs and a control group of 50 without SSIs post‐TPH surgery. Inclusion criteria focused on patients aged 18 and above undergoing thoracotomy or minimally invasive thoracic surgery for TPH. Exclusion criteria included compromised immune systems, chronic pulmonary diseases, prior thoracic surgery or active infections at admission. We assessed several predictors: anaemia; operation time over 2 h; hospital stay over 5 days; intraoperative blood loss exceeding 500 mL; body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2; age ≥ 50 years; use of surgical drains; the presence of open wounds; diabetes mellitus and non‐prophylactic antibiotic use. Statistical analysis involved univariate and multivariate logistic regression, using SPSS Version 27.0. Univariate analysis revealed significant associations between SSIs and surgical drain placement, diabetes mellitus, open wounds and non‐prophylactic antibiotic use (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis confirmed these factors as significant predictors of SSIs, with notable odds ratios. Other variables like anaemia, extended hospital stay, excessive intraoperative blood loss, older age and higher BMI did not significantly predict SSIs. Significant predictors for SSIs following TPH surgery include surgical drain placement, diabetes mellitus, open wounds and non‐prophylactic antibiotic use. Identifying and managing these risks is crucial in clinical practice to reduce SSIs incidence and improve patient outcomes.
Enhancing the microwave absorption performance of graphite/Al2O3 composites through manipulating sheet resistance
Authors: Yang Zhaoning , Wang Jing , Yang Zihao , Shu Xiaoxin , Ren Wei , Wang Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe graphite/Al2O3 composite was prepared using plasma spray technology, the material design, experimental methods, and process flow are introduced. The microstructure, chemical composition, and complex permittivity of the composite are investigated, and its performance to absorb electromagnetic waves is studied. The mechanism of interaction between chemical composition, microstructure, complex permittivity, and absorption performance is analyzed. Furthermore, a microwave absorber composed of graphite/Al2O3 and sheet resistance, and performance is discussed. The reflectivity of the composite coating with different periods and sizes and resistances is analyzed. The impedance and reflectivity of the designed absorber that contains sheet resistance are discussed, and its absorption mechanism is explained in detail. The results demonstrate that the microwave absorption performance of graphite/Al2O3 coating is enhanced by electromagnetic resonance of the sheet resistance. The designed absorber exhibits good wave‐absorbing performance and stability at the frequency of the 8.2–18 GHz range. When the sample thickness is 2.3 mm, the absorber achieves a reflection loss (RL) value of −16.8 dB at 9.8 GHz and a wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 9.8 GHz. It means that the RL below −10 dB can be obtained in the whole X band and Ku bands. These results proved that the EAB can be tuned and enhanced by manipulating sheet resistance.
A Horizon‐Based Decomposition of Mutual Fund Value Added Using Transactions
Authors: BINSBERGEN JULES VAN , HAN JUNGSUK , RUAN HONGXUN , XING RAN 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTWe decompose mutual fund value added by the length of funds' holdings using transaction‐level data. We motivate our decomposition with a model featuring horizon‐specific investment ideas, where short‐term ideas are less scalable because the associated trades cannot be spread over time. Fund turnover correlates negatively with the horizon over which value is added and positively with price impact costs. As predicted, holdings of high‐turnover funds add a substantial amount of value in the first two weeks, of which more than 80% is earned on Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) and earnings announcement days. Holdings of low‐turnover funds add value only over longer horizons.
The effect of sleep position on sleep bruxism in adults with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Kuang Boyuan , Lobbezoo Frank , Li Deshui , Hilgevoord Antonius A. J. , de Vries Nico , Aarab Ghizlane 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMost of the respiratory events in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs in supine position. It has been reported that the contraction of masseter muscles is dependent on the occurrence of arousals rather than on the occurrence of respiratory events.ObjectivesThis study had two aims: (1) to compare the rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) index in supine position (RMMA_sup) and in non‐supine positions (RMMA_nsup) in adults with OSA; and (2) to determine the associations between RMMA index in both supine position and non‐supine positions on the one hand, and several demographic and polysomnographic variables on the other hand.MethodsOne hundred OSA participants (36 females and 64 males; mean age = 50.3 years (SD = 10.5)) were selected randomly from among patients with a full‐night polysomnographic recording. RMMA_sup index and RMMA_nsup index were compared using Mann–Whitney U‐test. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to predict RMMA index both in supine and non‐supine positions based on several demographic and polysomnographic variables.ResultsIn patients with OSA, the RMMA_sup index was significantly higher than the RMMA_nsup index (p < .001). RMMA_sup index was significantly associated with the arousal index (p = .002) and arousal index in supine position (p < .001). RMMA_nsup index was only significantly associated with the arousal index in non‐supine positions (p = .004).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, RMMAs occur more frequently in supine position than in non‐supine positions in patients with OSA. In both sleep positions, RMMAs are associated with arousals.
Added sugar in coffee beverages: A study with a sample of Brazilian consumers of sweetened and unsweetened coffee
Authors: da Portela Claudimara da Silva , Viencz Thayna , dos Santos Karen Laíssa Balbino , Filho Tarcísio Lima , de Benassi Marta de Toledo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the compromised acceptance threshold (CAT) and the hedonic rejection threshold (HRT) for consumers of sweetened coffee to propose a strategy to reduce the sucrose addition by studying the behavior of consumers of sweetened and unsweetened coffee. From the sample that showed the highest acceptance (control sample, with 12% added sucrose), it was possible to reduce the sucrose addition by up to 18% without compromising acceptance (CAT = 9.76%) and by up to 52% without promoting the rejection of the beverage (HRT = 5.61%). Consumers who were reducing the sucrose addition exhibited a reduction in CAT (6.54%). Consumers of sweetened and unsweetened coffee had different perceptions regarding the sweetened beverage, thus, research involving coffee consumption should be segmented between these two groups. As a strategy, we suggest that the reduction of sucrose should be gradual and associated with information about its health benefits.Practical ApplicationsThe results are relevant for those interested in understanding the habits of consumers of sweetened and unsweetened coffee and providing an estimate of the tolerance of consumers of sweetened beverages when reducing the sucrose content in coffee beverages. Considering the volume and regularity of coffee consumption by Brazilian consumers, these findings can contribute to the development of a strategy to reduce sugar consumption. This information also supports the production sector in developing ready‐to‐drink beverages, prepared by industries and coffee shops or available in vending machines, indicating that the concentration of added sugar provided can be reduced, as long as a sufficient amount is maintained not to impair the acceptance of the beverage. Additionally, the data are important for sensory analysis researchers, enabling them to better adapt coffee beverage tasting conditions to consumer expectations and, thus, obtain more reliable results.
Pharmacokinetics of long‐acting cephapirin and cloxacillin after intramammary administration in dairy goats
Authors: Buckley Michelle P. , Hayman Kristen P. , Burns Laura , Schrunk Dwayne , Gorden Patrick J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDetermining the pharmacokinetics of intramammary antimicrobials in goats can assist in predicting appropriate meat and milk withdrawal intervals for drugs that are effective at treating subclinical mastitis due to non‐aureus Staphylococci during the dry period. Twenty‐four healthy, lactating does were enrolled in this study. Half were administered 300 mg of cephapirin benzathine (ToMORROW, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Duluth, GA) via intramammary infusion into each half of the udder. The remaining does had 500 mg cloxacillin benzathine (Orbenin DC, Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ) administered per half. Plasma was collected before treatment and for 7 days post‐treatment followed by analysis via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using noncompartmental methods via commercial software (MonolixSuite). The mean maximum concentration (C
max) of cephapirin of 0.073 μg/mL was noted at 7.06 h post‐administration (T
max). The area under the plasma concentration curve based on the final sampling point (AUClast) was 1.06 h × μg/mL. The mean residence time until the final sampling point (MRTlast) was 13.55 h. Mean terminal half‐life (T
½) of cephapirin was 6.98 h. In CLOX does, C
max was 0.074 μg/mL with a T
max of 18 h, AUClast was 5.71 h × μg/mL, T
½ was 77.45 h, and MRTlast was 65.36 h. Despite both products being formulated with benzathine salts, marked differences were noted in pharmacokinetic parameters including AUC, T
1/2, and MRTlast. This data will be used to plan sampling schedules for milk and tissue residue depletion studies for both products.
The acceptability of a donor human milk bank and donated human milk among mothers in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Mampane Tebogo , Wolvaardt Jacqueline E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBreastfeeding is a crucial public health approach that reduces infant morbidity and mortality by providing essential nutrients and antibodies, and breast milk is easily digested. Breastfeeding and donated milk serve as a preventative measure against necrotising enterocolitis. Additionally, they protect against viruses and nosocomial sepsis. When a birthing parent's own milk is unavailable, alternative enteral nutrition for preterm or low‐birth‐weight infants is either donor human milk (DHM) or artificial formula. This study aimed to understand mothers' acceptance of the donor human milk bank (DHMB) and DHM. A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study used purposive sampling to select 23 mothers in postnatal and neonatal wards. Data collection was via in‐depth interviews using a semistructured interview guide. Manual data analysis using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) framework was used to coding. Concepts were grouped to generate themes. Three themes and nine subthemes were generated: (1) DHMBs (2) cultural perspective of DHMB, and (3) health considerations of DHM. Participants were unaware of the DHMB. Hesitancy in accepting DHM due to fear of contracting HIV was observed. Cultural beliefs are an influencing factor for use, while donation was driven by altruistic reasons, preventing waste, helping others and having previously benefited from DHM. The study found that mothers are willing to donate human milk. Willingness to donate can be increased by raising awareness about DHMB and addressing culture and safety concerns at antenatal clinics.
Pedagogies of discomfort in the world language classroom: Ethical tensions and considerations for educators
Authors: Porto Melina , Zembylas Michalinos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to examine the ethical tensions and considerations that arise in the world language classroom from using pedagogies of discomfort. Although pedagogies of discomfort have mostly been seen through a positive lens in the literature for engaging students with difficult issues in the classroom, there are ethical concerns, particularly in relation to the harm that students might experience. To illustrate these ethical concerns and their implications in the world language classroom, we draw on data from a number of projects in which pedagogies of discomfort have been used in university classrooms. The analysis of examples shows that while some sort of ethical violence is inevitable, there are pedagogical ways to minimize the harm on students. The article concludes by raising further ethical and pedagogical questions for exploration in the context of using pedagogies of discomfort in the world language classroom.
Comparison of dermoscopic characteristics on toenail onychomycosis in psoriatic and non‐psoriatic patients: A prospective study
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Chen Wei , Liu Fang , Li Ruoyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsoriatic patients may experience the coexistence of onychomycosis (OM). However, the evaluation of OM in psoriatics has been hindered by potential clinical differences from OM in non‐psoriatics.ObjectiveTo assess and compare dermoscopic features between toenail OM in psoriatic and in non‐psoriatic patients.Patients and MethodsBetween September 2020 and September 2023, dermoscopy was conducted on 183 affected toenails by OM in psoriatics and 232 affected toenails by OM in non‐psoriatics in two centres. The dermoscopic characteristics were compared using the Chi‐squared test.ResultsAmong toenail OM cases in psoriatic subjects, the most prevalent dermoscopic features included pitting (147/183, 80.33%) and subungual hyperkeratosis (118/183, 64.48%). Conversely, toenail OM in non‐psoriatics was characterized by subungual hyperkeratosis (175/232, 75.43%) and nail spikes (139/232, 59.91%). Comparative analysis revealed a significantly higher occurrence of pitting (80.33% vs. 15.96%, p < .001), periungual telangiectasis (22.40% vs. 4.74%, p < .001), oil patches (12.57% vs. 0.43%,p < .001) and transverse grooves (43.72% vs. 28.45%,p < .01) in toenail OM in psoriatics. Furthermore, toenail OM in psoriatics exhibited a significantly lower frequency of yellow structureless area (13.11% vs. 42.67%, p < .001), nail spikes (43.17% vs. 59.91%, p < .01), ruin appearance of sulphur nugget (8.20% vs. 31.03%, p < .001), dotted/blocky haemorrhage (6.01% vs. 20.69%,p < .001) and partial onycholysis (32.79% vs. 46.98%, p < .01).ConclusionsDermoscopic features of toenail OM in psoriatic and non‐psoriatic patients exhibit notable differences. OM in psoriatics shows a higher frequency of pitting and periungual telangiectasis, while a lower frequency of yellow structureless areas and nail spikes under dermoscopy.
Ethylene controls three‐dimensional growth involving reduced auxin levels in the moss Physcomitrium patens
Authors: Wang Yidong , Jiang Lanlan , Kong Dongdong , Meng Jie , Song Meifang , Cui Wenxiu , Song Yaqi , Wang Xiaofan , Liu Jiao , Wang Rui , He Yikun , Chang Caren , Ju Chuanli 
Published: April 2024

Summary

The conquest of land by plants was concomitant with, and possibly enabled by, the evolution of three‐dimensional (3D) growth. The moss Physcomitrium patens provides a model system for elucidating molecular mechanisms in the initiation of 3D growth. Here, we investigate whether the phytohormone ethylene, which is believed to have been a signal before land plant emergence, plays a role in 3D growth regulation in P. patens.

We report ethylene controls 3D gametophore formation, based on results from exogenously applied ethylene and genetic manipulation of PpEIN2, which is a central component in the ethylene signaling pathway.

Overexpression (OE) of PpEIN2 activates ethylene responses and leads to earlier formation of gametophores with fewer gametophores produced thereafter, phenocopying ethylene‐treated wild‐type. Conversely, Ppein2 knockout mutants, which are ethylene insensitive, show initially delayed gametophore formation with more gametophores produced later. Furthermore, pharmacological and biochemical analyses reveal auxin levels are decreased in the OE lines but increased in the knockout mutants.

Our results suggest that evolutionarily, ethylene and auxin molecular networks were recruited to build the plant body plan in ancestral land plants. This might have played a role in enabling ancient plants to acclimate to the continental surfaces of the planet.
Impact of insulin sensitization on metabolic and fertility outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and overweight or obesity—A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression
Authors: Samarasinghe Suhaniya N. S. , Ostarijas Eduard , Long Matthew J. , Erridge Simon , Purkayastha Sanjay , Dimitriadis Georgios K. , Miras Alexander D. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive‐age women. This systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression aims to compare the effect of insulin sensitizer pharmacotherapy on metabolic and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS and overweight or obesity. We searched online databases MEDLINE via OVID, EMBASE, Clinicaltrials.gov, and EudraCT for trials published from inception to November 13, 2023. Inclusion criteria were double‐blind, randomized controlled trials in women diagnosed with PCOS, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, which reported metabolic or reproductive outcomes. The intervention was insulin sensitization pharmacotherapy versus placebo or other agents. The primary outcomes were changes from baseline BMI, fasting blood glucose, and menstrual frequency. Nineteen studies were included in this review. Metformin had the most significant effect on the fasting plasma glucose and body mass index. Insulin sensitizer pharmacotherapy significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose, body mass index, fasting serum insulin, HOMA‐IR, sex hormone binding globulin, and total testosterone, but the effect size was small. There was a lack of menstrual frequency and live birth data. The results indicate a role for insulin sensitizers in improving the metabolic and, to a lesser degree, reproductive profile in these women. Further research should examine insulin sensitizers' effects on objective measures of fecundity.
Site‐directed genotype screening for elimination of antinutritional saponins in quinoa seeds identifies TSARL1 as a master controller of saponin biosynthesis selectively in seeds
Authors: Trinh Mai Duy Luu , Visintainer Davide , Günther Jan , Østerberg Jeppe Thulin , da Fonseca Rute R. , Fondevilla Sara , Moog Max William , Luo Guangbin , Nørrevang Anton F. , Crocoll Christoph , Nielsen Philip V. , Jacobsen Sven‐Erik , Wendt Toni , Bak Søren , López‐Marqués Rosa Laura , Palmgren Michael 
Published: April 2024

SummaryClimate change may result in a drier climate and increased salinization, threatening agricultural productivity worldwide. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) produces highly nutritious seeds and tolerates abiotic stresses such as drought and high salinity, making it a promising future food source. However, the presence of antinutritional saponins in their seeds is an undesirable trait. We mapped genes controlling seed saponin content to a genomic region that includes TSARL1. We isolated desired genetic variation in this gene by producing a large mutant library of a commercial quinoa cultivar and screening the library for specific nucleotide substitutions using droplet digital PCR. We were able to rapidly isolate two independent tsarl1 mutants, which retained saponins in the leaves and roots for defence, but saponins were undetectable in the seed coat. We further could show that TSARL1 specifically controls seed saponin biosynthesis in the committed step after 2,3‐oxidosqualene. Our work provides new important knowledge on the function of TSARL1 and represents a breakthrough for quinoa breeding.