bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Media Posts About Medical Tests With Potential for Overdiagnosis
Authors: Nickel Brooke , Moynihan Ray , Gram Emma Grundtvig , Copp Tessa , Taba Melody , Shih Patti , Heiss Raffael , Gao Mingyao , Zadro Joshua R. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceSocial media is an influential source of medical information, but little is known about how posts discuss medical tests that carry potential for overdiagnosis or overuse.ObjectiveTo investigate how social media posts discuss 5 popular medical tests: full-body magnetic resonance imaging, the multicancer early detection test, and tests for antimullerian hormone, gut microbiome, and testosterone.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study assessed posts on Instagram and TikTok between April 30, 2015, and January 23, 2024, that discussed full-body magnetic resonance imaging, the multicancer early detection test, and tests for antimullerian hormone, gut microbiome, and testosterone. Using keywords on newly created accounts, posts were searched and screened until 100 posts for each test on each platform were identified (n = 1000). Posts were excluded if they did not discuss 1 of the 5 tests or were not in English or if the account holders had fewer than 1000 followers.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was information about benefits, harms, and overall tone discussed in the post. All outcomes were summarized descriptively. Logistic regression was used to assess whether the use of evidence or the account holder being a physician or having financial interests influenced how tests were discussed.ResultsA total of 982 posts from account holders with a combined 194 200 000 followers were analyzed. Across all tests, benefits were mentioned in 855 posts (87.1%) and harms in 144 (14.7%), with 60 (6.1%) mentioning overdiagnosis or overuse. Overall, 823 posts (83.8%) had a promotional (vs neutral or negative) tone. Evidence was explicitly used in 63 posts (6.4%), personal anecdotes were used in 333 (33.9%), 498 posts (50.7%) encouraged viewers to take action and get the test, and 668 account holders (68.0%) had financial interests. Posts from physicians were more likely to mention harms (odds ratio, 4.49; 95% CI, 2.85-7.06) and less likely to have an overall promotional tone (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.35-0.80).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of social media posts about 5 popular medical tests, most posts were misleading or failed to mention important harms, including overdiagnosis or overuse. These data demonstrate a need for stronger regulation of misleading medical information on social media.
National Incidence of Physician Suicide and Associated Features
Authors: Makhija Hirsh , Davidson Judy E. , Lee Kelly C. , Barnes Arianna , Choflet Amanda , Zisook Sidney 
Published: February 2025

ImportancePrevious reports regarding comparative suicide incidence among US physicians vs nonphysicians have been inconclusive.ObjectiveTo estimate the national incidence of male and female physician suicide and analyze associated factors, comparing findings to the general population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study investigated suicides among physicians and nonphysicians aged 25 years and older in the US from January 2017 to December 2021. The analysis took place from November 2023 to September 2024. National Violent Death Reporting System data from 30 US states and Washington, DC, were used. Decedents with missing age or sex were excluded for incidence, and missing race, ethnicity, or marital status for further analyses.ExposurePhysician occupation.Main Outcome and MeasuresSuicide incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and odds ratios (aORs) adjusted by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and marital status were used to compare preceding circumstances, primary method, and substances.ResultsA total of 448 physician (354 [79%] male and 94 [21%] female; mean [SD] age, 60 [16] years) and 97 467 general population (76 697 [79%] male and 20 770 [21%] female; mean [SD] age, 51 [17] years) suicides were identified. Female physicians had higher rates of suicide than female nonphysicians in 2017 (IRR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.19-2.83) and 2019 (IRR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.09-2.65), with overall higher 2017 to 2021 suicide risk (IRR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.23-1.87). Male physicians had lower 2017 to 2021 suicide risk than male nonphysicians (IRR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.93). Compared to the general population and including all available jurisdiction data, physicians had higher odds of depressed mood (aOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.14-1.61; P &amp;lt; .001) as well as mental health (aOR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.39-1.97; P &amp;lt; .001), job (aOR, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.11-3.35; P &amp;lt; .001), and legal (aOR, 1.40, 95% CI, 1.06-1.84; P = .02) problems preceding suicide as well as use of poisoning (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.50-2.30; P &amp;lt; .001) and sharp instruments (aOR, 4.58; 95% CI, 3.47-6.06; P &amp;lt; .001). Physicians also had higher odds of positive toxicology for caffeine; poison; cardiovascular agents; benzodiazepines; anxiolytics, nonbenzodiazepines, or hypnotics; and drugs not prescribed for home use.Conclusion and RelevanceThese findings show a higher incidence of suicide for US female physicians compared to female nonphysicians. Comprehensive and multimodal suicide prevention strategies remain warranted.
Prehospital Resuscitative Thoracotomy for Traumatic Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Perkins Zane B. , Greenhalgh Robert , ter Avest Ewoud , Aziz Shadman , Whitehouse Andrew , Read Steve , Foster Liz , Chege Frank , Henry Christine , Carden Richard , Kocierz Laura , Davies Gareth , Hurst Tom , Lendrum Robbie , Thomas Stephen H. , Lockey David J. , Christian Michael D. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceTraumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) presents a critical challenge in trauma care, often occurring rapidly after injury before effective interventions are available.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of prehospital resuscitative thoracotomy with survival outcomes for TCA.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study examined all cases of prehospital resuscitative thoracotomy for TCA in London from January 1999 to December 2019. Data were analyzed from July 2022 to July 2023.ExposurePrehospital resuscitative thoracotomy for TCA.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included survival to hospital admission and neurological status at discharge.ResultsPrehospital resuscitative thoracotomy was undertaken in 601 patients with out-of-hospital TCA. The median (IQR) age was 25 (20-37) years; 538 (89.5%) were male and 63 (10.5%) female. A total of 529 patients (88.0%) had a penetrating mechanism of injury. TCA occurred at a median (IQR) of 12 (6-22) minutes after the emergency call, with 491 arrests (81.7%) before the advanced trauma team’s arrival. TCA was the result of cardiac tamponade (105 patients, 17.5%), exsanguination (418 patients, 69.6%), and exsanguination combined with cardiac tamponade (72 patients, 12.0%). Thirty patients (5.0%) survived to hospital discharge, with a favorable neurological outcome observed in 23 survivors (76.6%). Survival varied significantly with the cause of TCA: 22 of 105 patients (21%) with cardiac tamponade, 8 of 418 patients (1.9%) with exsanguination, and none of the 72 patients with combined or other pathologies survived. There were no survivors beyond 15 minutes of TCA for cardiac tamponade and 5 minutes after exsanguination. Multivariable analysis revealed that the cause of TCA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 21.1; 95% CI, 8.1-54.7; P &amp;lt; .001), duration of TCA (aOR, 20.9; 95% CI, 4.4-100.6, P &amp;lt; .001), and absence of the need for internal cardiac massage (AOR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.06-0.5; P = .001) were independently associated with survival.Conclusions and RelevanceTCA occurs soon after injury, with only a brief window available for effective intervention. This study found that resuscitative thoracotomy is feasible in a mature, physician-led, urban prehospital system and is associated with improved survival for patients with out-of-hospital TCA, particularly when caused by cardiac tamponade, in situations where other treatment options are limited.
Evaluating artifact‐free four‐dimensional computer tomography with 16 cm detector array
Authors: Yeo Inhwan , Nie Wei , Fan Jiajin , Joo Mindy , Correa Michael , Xu Qianyi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate a 16 cm‐array axial four‐dimensional computer tomography (4DCT) in comparison with a 4 cm‐array 4DCT in the presence of respiration irregularity.MethodTen traces of lung tumor motion from CyberKnife treatments were imported to move the lung cylinder, containing a spherical target, of a phantom. Images were acquired for the lung that moved to each of the 10‐positions/phases (1) step‐wisely by nominal helical scan at each movement (ground truth), (2) continuously by 4D scan with the 16 cm array, and (3) the same with the 4 cm array, involving table shift. Irregularities, consisting of baseline shift and/or amplitude change of the traces in their second periods, affected #3 scan only in its second table position. The full‐widths at half maximum of the target in the direction of the motion were determined on the average (Ave) CT, maximum‐intensity (Mip) CT, and a phase (MP) CT that is associated with the maximum error, comparing #2 and 3 with #1. Three tumor‐shaped targets were also imaged, and overlap ratios of them from #2 and 3 with the targets from #1 were inter‐compared. Hounsfield unit (HU)s of the targets were also compared.ResultsThe average difference in the spherical‐target length between #2 and #1 was found to be 0.28 ± 0.15 cm on AveCT, 0.00 ± 0.18 cm on MipCT, and 0.07 ± 0.06 cm on MPCT, showing agreement. The average difference between #3 and #1 was 0.34 ± 0.23 cm on AveCT, 0.48 ± 0.31 cm on MipCT, and 0.56 ± 0.50 cm on MPCT, showing disagreement. The overlap ratios were better with #2 than with #3 for all tumor‐shaped targets in each phase CT and MipCT, but they were not perfect for #2 due to motion averaging and phase sorting limitations. The differences in HUs were smaller with #2 than with #3, but not fully satisfactory with #2.Conclusion4DCT with the 16 cm array needs to be used to minimize the impact of the irregularity.
Green and Efficient Recovery of Tungsten from Spent SCR Denitration Catalyst by Na2S Alkali Leaching and Calcium Precipitation
Authors: Li Dong , Chang Jie , Wei Yuxuan , Qiao Jinxi , Yue Xilong , Fan Hongjie , Zhang Lei , Guo Xueyi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSelective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst of V2O5‐WO3/TiO2 type is widely used in industrial denitration process. Deactivated spent SCR denitration catalyst can be used for tungsten recovery. In the existing hydrometallurgical recovery processes, NaOH leaching and Na2CO3 leaching need high temperature and high pressure to obtain high leaching efficiency of tungsten, and they have the disadvantages of large reagent consumption, high impurity leaching efficiency, and high equipment requirements. In this paper, tungsten is recovered from the reductive leaching residue of spent SCR denitration catalyst (LRDC) using Na2S as leaching agent after vanadium recovery is achieved, and it can achieve higher tungsten leaching efficiency, lower impurity leaching efficiency, and lower energy consumption under the low alkalinity condition. The thermodynamics, leaching behaviors, and kinetics of tungsten alkali leaching process are investigated respectively, and the leaching efficiency of tungsten reaches 82.03% under the optimum conditions. After circulating leaching, oxidation, and neutralizing precipitation, tungsten is precipitated by adding CaCl2, and the precipitation efficiency of tungsten can reach 94.45% under the optimum conditions. The chemical composition of CaWO4 product meets the requirements of GB5192‐85 for impurity content of II‐class synthetic scheelite.
Enhancing Nonenzymatic Glucose Detection Through Cobalt‐Substituted Hafnia
Authors: Oh Jeonghyeon , Wee Avis Sin Hui , Park Eun‐Byeol , Hwang Jaejin , Kim Seon Je , Jeong Hu Young , Khine Myat Thet , Pujar Pavan , Lee Jaekwang , Kim Young‐Min , Kim Sunkook 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEngineered defect chemistry in ultrathin (≈5 nm) hafnia through substitutional cobalt (HCO) is investigated for selective glucose sensing. Thin films of HCO, grown using chemical solution deposition (CSD)—traditionally used to grow thick films—on silicon, show significant glucose sensing activity and undergo monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transformation. The presence of multivalent cobalt in hafnia, with oxygen vacancies in proximity, selectively oxidizes glucose with minimal interference from ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid. Theoretical investigations reveal that these oxygen vacancies create a shallow donor level that significantly enhances electrocatalytic activity by promoting charge transfer to the conduction band. This results in considerable selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility in sensing characteristics. These findings highlight the technological importance of using CSD for thin films, paving the way for ultrathin CSD‐processed HCOs as potential candidates for selective glucose sensing applications.
Synthetic Lethality of SHP2 and XIAP Suppresses Proliferation and Metastasis in KRAS‐mutant Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Fu Nai‐jie , Sheng Yu‐wen , Fan Zhe , Wu Zhao , Li Ling‐yu , Xi Rui‐ying , Shi Xiao‐ke , Zhang Guo‐lin , Wang Fei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractKirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations are associated with poor prognosis and poor response to standard therapeutic regimens in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Identification of novel synthetic lethal partners in oncogenic KRAS is an alternative therapeutic strategy for KRAS‐mutant malignancies. After high‐throughput screening against a preclinical/clinical compound library, embelin, a known X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) inhibitor, specifically inhibits the catalytic activity and phosphorylation of Src homology domain 2 containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) in KRAS‐mutant NSCLC cells. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown of XIAP and SHP2 induce synthetic lethality in KRAS‐mutated NSCLC cells and xenograft animal models. Mechanistically, dual inhibition of XIAP and SHP2 by embelin lessens the proliferation and metastasis, activates senescence and endogenous apoptosis, inhibits cancer‐related RAS/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), wingless‐related integration site (Wnt), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathways, and overcomes compensatory feedback in the MAPK signals through the modulation of mitogen‐inducible gene‐6 (MIG‐6) and SPROUTY2 (SPRY2). Collectively, SHP2 and XIAP are potential synthetic lethal partners, and embelin warrants further development as a novel therapeutic option for alleviating KRAS‐mutant NSCLC by cotargeting SHP2 and XIAP.
Investigating 1,2,3‐Bistriazole‐Functionalized Sn (II) Chemosensors for COX‐2 Detection
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Yadav Vinit , Dalal Anurag , Sharma Devina , Mithun  , Stanzin Jigmat , Khurana Sumesh , Singh Manraj , Bhalla Aman 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article, describe the synthesis of 4‐ethynylaniline derived 1,2,3‐bis‐triazole (3) via Cu(I) catalyzed click reaction and various spectroscopic methods such as FT‐IR, TGA, 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry are used for characterization. The probe 3 exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity to Sn (II) in UV–visible spectroscopy, with a limit of detection of 27 μM and association constant 8.32 MM−1, respectively. The synthetic sensor practical application was further explored by detecting Sn (II) in real sample analysis. The computational analysis using the DFT techniques shows the binding mechanism of sensor with Sn (II). Additionally, molecular docking investigation was conducted against cyclooxygenase‐2 to shows the anti‐inflammatory properties of the synthesized ligand having a good binding energy −10.26 Kcal mol−1.
Insect Resistance to Insecticides: Causes, Mechanisms, and Exploring Potential Solutions
Authors: Liang Jiyun , Xiao Feng , Ojo James , Chao Wu Hai , Ahmad Bilal , Alam Aleena , Abbas Sohail , Abdelhafez Mogeda M. , Rahman Nadeemur , Khan Khalid Ali , Ghramh Hamed A. , Ali Jamin , Chen Rizhao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInsecticides play a crucial role as the primary means of controlling agricultural pests, preventing significant damage to crops. However, the misuse of these insecticides has led to the development of resistance in insect pests against major classes of these chemicals. The emergence of resistance poses a serious threat, especially when alternative options for crop protection are limited for farmers. Addressing this challenge and developing new, effective, and sustainable pest management approaches is not merely essential but also critically important. In the absence of alternative solutions, understanding the root causes behind the development of resistance in insects becomes a critical necessity. Without this understanding, the formulation of effective approaches to combat resistance remains elusive. With insecticides playing a vital role in global food security and public health, understanding and mitigating resistance are paramount. Given the growing concern over insect resistance to insecticides, this review addresses a crucial research gap by thoroughly examining the causes, mechanisms, and potential solutions. The review examines factors driving resistance, such as evolutionary pressure and excessive pesticide use, and provides a detailed analysis of mechanisms, including detoxifying enzyme overproduction and target site mutations. Providing an analysis of potential solutions, it discusses integrated pest management, strategic insecticide rotation, and the use of new pest control technologies and biological agents. Emphasizing the urgency of a multifaceted approach, the review provides a concise roadmap for sustainable pest management, guiding future research and applications.
The effect of microbial metabolites from colonic protein fermentation on bacteria‐induced cytokine production in dendritic cells
Authors: Xie Zhuqing , Eriksen Danny Blichfeldt , Johnsen Peter Riber , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Frøkiær Hanne 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCompared to the well‐defined immune‐modulating effect of butyrate, the understanding of the effect of other protein fermentation metabolites is limited. This study aimed to investigate the impact of protein‐derived metabolites (valerate, branched‐chain fatty acids, ammonium, phenol, p‐Cresol, indole, and hydrogen sulfide) on cytokine production in murine bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, or Staphylococcus aureus USA300. Some of the metabolites, but not the short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), strongly affected cell viability. After short‐term treatment and depending on the microbial stimulus, SCFAs affected the cytokine profile similarly but weaker than butyrate, as reflected by inhibition of IL‐12p70 and IL‐10 but enhanced IL‐23 (LPS and S. aureus USA300) and IL‐1β production. Compared to butyrate, valerate exhibited a weaker and slower effect on cytokine expression. Two‐day treatment with valerate and butyrate resulted in similar effects, that is, LPS‐induced IL‐12 abrogation and IL‐10 enhancement, increased aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) expression, and after LPS stimulation, increased expression of dual specificity phosphatase 1 (Dusp1). In conclusion, SCFAs exhibited low toxicity and modulated microbially stimulated BMDCs. Valerate and butyrate showed the strongest effect, which was dependent on the specific microbial stimulation and the course of the SCFA treatment. Our work adds knowledge regarding the role of protein‐derived metabolites from gut bacterial fermentation on the immune system.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigation of Cobalt Oxide Hydroxide Thin Films by Square‐Wave Voltammetry and Multi‐Frequency Electrochemical Faradaic Spectroscopy
Authors: Glaubitz Franz , Lindemann Erik , Mirceski Valentin , Schröder Uwe 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this study, a detailed investigation of the redox behavior of cobalt(II/III) oxide‐hydroxide is presented. With the enhanced sensitivity and unique pulse nature of square‐wave voltammetry (SWV), two distinct electrode processes could be observed, proposing a two‐step oxidation of Co(OH)2 according to: Co(OH)2→CoO(OH)→CoO2. In the initial scan of cyclic voltammetry, Co(OH)2 is irreversibly oxidized to CoO(OH) with the quasireversible Co3O4/CoO(OH) redox system prevailing in subsequent scans. The system was further kinetically characterized. Theoretical studies and the unique peak splitting in SWV revealed that the electrode reaction is associated with an anodic charge transfer coefficient of
=0.59 and an apparent standard rate constant of ks,app=(2.9±0.1) ⋅ 10−5 cm s−1. To cope with the complexity of the electrode process pertinent to the redox couple Co3O4/CoO(OH), the recently introduced and advanced multi‐frequency electrochemical Faradaic spectroscopy (MEFS) was applied. With rapid measurement times of only 4 s, compared to multiple, hour‐long experiments for square‐wave and cyclic voltammetry, an apparent standard rate constant of ks,app=(2.2±0.2) ⋅ 10−5 cm s−1 was obtained with MEFS, which is quite close to the established methods, highlighting the advantages of this novel square‐wave derived technique.
Comprehensive transcriptome, miRNA and kinome profiling identifies new treatment options for personalized lung cancer therapy
Authors: Zhong Shen , Börgeling Yvonne , Zardo Patrick , Jonigk Danny , Borlak Jürgen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundBasic research identified oncogenic driver mutations in lung cancer (LC). However, <10% of patients carry driver mutations. Thus, most patients are not recommended for first‐line kinase inhibitor (KI)–based therapies. Through enabling technologies and bioinformatics, we gained deep insight into patient‐specific signalling networks which permitted novel KI‐based treatment options in LC.MethodsWe performed molecular pathology, transcriptomics and miRNA profiling across 95 well‐characterized LC patients. We confirmed results based on cross‐linked immunoprecipitation‐sequencing data, and used N = 524 adeno‐ and 497 squamous cell carcinomas as validation sets. We employed the PamGene platform to identify aberrant kinases, validated the results by evaluating independent siRNA and CRISPR‐mediated mRNA knockdown studies in human LC cell lines.ResultsTranscriptomics revealed 439, 1240, 383 and 320 significantly upregulated genes, respectively, for adeno‐, squamous, neuroendocrine and metastatic cases, and there are 1092, 1477, 609 and 1267 downregulated DEGs. Based on gene enrichment analysis and experimentally validated miRNA–gene interactions, we constructed regulatory networks specific for adeno‐, squamous, neuroendocrine and metastatic LC. Molecular profiling discovered 137 significantly upregulated kinases (range 2–26‐fold) of which 65 and 72, respectively, are tyrosine and serine‐threonine kinases while 6 kinases carry driver mutations. Meanwhile, there are 21 kinases commonly upregulated irrespective of the histological type of LC. Bioinformatics decoded networks in which kinases function as master regulators. Typically, the networks consisted of 14, 9, 16 and 19 highly regulated kinases in adeno‐, squamous, neuroendocrine and metastatic LC. Inhibition of kinases which function as master regulators disrupted the signalling networks, and their gene knock‐down studies confirmed inhibition of cell proliferation in a panel of human LC cell lines. Additionally, the proposed molecular profiling enables KI‐based therapies in patients with acquired drug resistance.ConclusionsOur study broadens the perspective of KI‐based therapies in LC, and we propose a framework to overcome acquired drug resistance.