bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementary and Alternative Medicine During Cancer Treatment: Beyond Innocence
Authors: Tascilar Metin , de Jong Floris A. , Verweij Jaap , Mathijssen Ron H. J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Explain why cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine.Describe possible dangers of complementary and alternative medicine during cancer treatment.Advise patients on how to deal with complementary and alternative medicine before, during, and after conventional cancer treatment.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Nowadays, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is popular all over the world. Billions of dollars are spent in this booming business. For several reasons, young, female, educated, and higher socioeconomic class cancer patients, in particular, have shown interest in these agents. Unfortunately, besides direct (and sometimes serious) side effects, several CAM ingredients are capable of interfering with the metabolism of concurrently used drugs, which may render the therapeutic outcome of the subscribed drug unpredictable. In the case of anticancer drugs, with their usually narrow therapeutic window, this may have dramatic consequences and can lead to unacceptable toxicities in some cases or decreased therapeutic activity in others. Therefore, cancer patients should be warned for these possible interactions and be advised to discuss CAM use openly with their treating physician. The general concept that natural products are harmless should thus be changed into a more realistic and responsible attitude. A tightened legislation and regulation (including Internet advertising and sales) could play a crucial role in this awareness process. This should finally enable safe exploration of the potential advantageous aspects of CAM, while living with cancer.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors in Clinical Trials: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Morabito Alessandro , De Maio Ermelinda , Di Maio Massimo , Normanno Nicola , Perrone Francesco 
Published: August 2006

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the mechanism of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors of VEGFRs that are in clinical trials.Describe the current status of clinical development and the early clinical results observed with these small molecule inhibitors of VEGFRs.Discuss the optimal study design for evaluation of these compounds, the criteria for patient selection, and the optimal modalities of combination with other drugs.Discuss the differences in the design of clinical trials between chemotherapeutics and target-based agents.Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.comAngiogenesis plays a central role in the process of tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of peptide growth factors and receptors are key regulators of this process. Agents directed either against VEGF or VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) have been developed. The tyrosine kinase inhibitors of VEGFRs are low-molecular-weight, ATP-mimetic proteins that bind to the ATP-binding catalytic site of the tyrosine kinase domain of VEG-FRs, resulting in blockade of intracellular signaling. Several of these agents are currently in different phases of clinical development. Large randomized phase III trials have demonstrated the efficacy of sunitinib and sorafenib in the treatment of patients affected by gastrointestinal stromal tumors and renal cancer refractory to standard therapies, respectively. Positive results also have been reported with the combination of ZD6474 and chemotherapy in previously treated non-small cell lung cancer patients. For other agents, such as vatalanib, contrasting outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients have been reported: the final results of these trials are expected in 2006. However, several key questions remain to be addressed, regarding the choice of an adequate dose or schedule, the presence of “off-target” effects, the safety of long-term administration, and the research of new clinical end points or methodological approaches for the optimal clinical development of these agents.
Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy of Opioid Switching in Cancer Patients
Authors: Ross Joy R. , Riley Julia , Quigley Columba , Welsh Ken I. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe some of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to why patients show differential responses to different opioids.Identify some of the individual genes that may influence response to different opioids.Critically evaluate the evidence for the therapeutic maneuver of switching.Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.comPain is one of the most common and often most feared symptoms in patients with cancer. Ongoing or progressive pain is physically debilitating and has a marked impact on quality of life. Since a third of the population will die from cancer, and of these, 80% will experience severe pain in their final year of life, effective treatment of cancer-related pain remains both a high priority and an ongoing challenge in clinical practice. Individuals with moderate to severe cancer-related pain require treatment with strong analgesics, namely opioids.There is evidence to support the therapeutic maneuver of opioid switching in clinical practice, but further evidence is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for interindividual differences in response to different opioids. Large, robust clinical trials will be needed if clinical differences among side-effect profiles of different opioids are to be clearly demonstrated. This review discusses candidate genes, which contribute to opioid response; many other genes have also been implicated in “pain” from animal or human studies. In order to continue to evaluate the genetic contributions to both pain susceptibility and analgesic response, further candidate genes need to be considered. Good pain control remains a high priority for clinicians and patients, and there is much work to be done to further individualize analgesic therapy for patients with cancer.
The therapeutic misconception and our models of competency and informed consent
Authors: Lidz Charles W. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe doctrine of informed consent rests on empirical claims. This is true particularly of what commentators have characterized as the “strong” model of informed consent. This model assumes that if adequate information is given to a competent individual, understanding will result and, permitted to make a voluntary decision, the individual will make a rational decision. However, the “therapeutic misconception” posits that individuals may confuse the goals of research with those of treatment and may make decisions that do not rest on adequate understanding. This article reviews research suggesting that this may in fact be true, and concludes that, as a result, traditional notions of informed consent may not yield results consistent with the assumptions on which the doctrine of informed consent rests. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The capacity to appoint a proxy and the possibility of concurrent proxy directives
Authors: Kim Scott Y. H. , Appelbaum Paul S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWith the projected increase in the number of persons with dementia (who eventually lose their capacity to give informed consent to treatment and research), third‐party decision‐making will become even more common than it is today. We argue that, because there are situations in which an appointed proxy is preferred over ade factosurrogate, it is ethically important to understand the capacity of persons with dementia to delegate their decision‐making authority regarding treatment and research decisions.In this paper, focusing mainly on the research consent context, we examine the idea that persons suffering from neurodegenerative disorders may retain significant abilities—including sufficient capacity for delegating one's authority for giving consent to research—even if they are not capable of giving independent consent themselves. We first propose a rationale for assessing the capacity to appoint a proxy and then describe a novel interview instrument for assessing the capacity to appoint a proxy for research consent. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Involuntary treatment and competence to proceed in the criminal process: capital and noncapital cases
Authors: Schopp Robert F. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractRecent cases raise a series of questions regarding the involuntary administration of treatment intended to restore or maintain competence to proceed in the criminal process. As is often the case, these matters take on a special urgency in the context of capital punishment. The analysis presented in this paper suggests that the relevant interests that courts should consider in deciding whether to order the involuntary administration of treatment to restore or maintain competence converge to a greater degree than one might initially expect. When the applicable conception of medical interests is appropriately defined and the state's interest in protecting the integrity of the process is given appropriate weight, the legally protected state and individual interests converge to a substantial degree. Protecting both sets of interests may require a variety of procedures designed to avoid misguided interventions with the potential to undermine both sets of interests. Finally, this analysis provides an approach that allows the courts to grant appropriate weight to the professional ethics of those who perform evaluations and deliver treatment in these contexts. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decisional capacity in mental illness and substance use disorders: empirical database and policy implications
Authors: Jeste, Dilip V. , Saks, Elyn 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDebates on decisional capacity in people with mental illnesses or substance use disorders have tended to be heated. Yet, they are often based not on empirical data but on personal opinions and experiences. The empirical database in this area is quite limited, but has been growing in recent years. The following discussion focuses on relevant clinical investigations. We consider variations across and within different diagnoses, barriers to decision‐making, methods for assessing capacity—interview versus instruments, choosing from among different capacity instruments, decisional capacity—is it a state or a trait?, triggers for assessment of decisional capacity, methods for enhancing capacity, and decisional capacity in people with substance use disorders. Finally, we discuss some relevant health policy recommendations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effect of L‐carnitine on testicular ischaemia–reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Dokmeci Dikmen , Inan Mustafa , Basaran Umit Nusret , Yalcin Omer , Aydogdu Nurettin , Turan Fatma Nesrin , Uz Yesim Hulya 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTesticular torsion is a urological emergency referred to as ‘acute scrotum’, because inappropriate treatment can lead to male subfertility and infertility. A possible cause of testicular damage is the ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury attributed to oxygen free radicals. L‐carnitine, a vitamin‐like antioxidant, plays a pivotal role in the maturation of spermatozoa within the reproductive tract. The aim of the present paper was to determine the protective effect of L‐carnitine on testicular I/R‐induced injury. Thirty‐two male rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 8). Testicular torsion was created by rotating the right testis 720° in a clockwise direction. Group 1: sham‐operated control; group 2: ischaemia; group 3: I/R; group 4: ischaemia–L‐carnitine treatment–reperfusion group. L‐carnitine (500 mg kg−1, intraperitoneally) was administered before 30 min of detorsion in Group 4. After torsion (5 h) and detorsion (5 h), bilateral orchidectomy was performed. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level was evaluated in testes. Histopathologically, Johnsen's spermatogenesis criteria and mean seminiferous tubule diameter (MSTD) measurements were used. Testicular MDA levels were higher in the torsion group compared to the sham‐control group (p < 0.05). Detorsion (reperfusion) caused a further increase in MDA levels (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with L‐carnitine prevented a further increase in MDA levels (p < 0.05). Histologically, torsion caused some separation among germinal cells in the seminiferous tubules, which became much more prominent in the I/R group but was attenuated with L‐carnitine pretreatment. In conclusion, L‐carnitine pretreatment may have a protective effect in experimental testicular torsion–detorsion model in rats by its well‐known antioxidant potential. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Estrogen–Platinum Terpyridine Conjugate: DNA and Protein Binding and Cellular Delivery
Authors: Hannon Michael J. , Green Philip S. , Fisher Dianne M. , Derrick Peter J. , Beck Jennifer L. , Watt Stephen J. , Ralph Stephen F. , Sheil Margaret M. , Barker Philip R. , Alcock Nathaniel W. , Price Robert J. , Sanders Karen J. , Pither Richard , Davis Julie , Rodger Alison 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA platinum metal complex in which terpyridine joins estradiol (via an ethynyl link) to a platinum with a labile ligand (chloride) has been designed, synthesised and its X‐ray crystal structure determined. The aim of this work was to link a targeting motif (in this case estrogen) to a metal‐based biomolecule recognition unit (the platinum moiety). The target molecule: 17α‐[4′‐ethynyl‐2,2′:6′,2′‐terpyridine]‐17β‐estradiol platinum(II) chloride (PtEEtpy) has been shown to bind to both human and bovine serum albumin (SA) and to DNA. FTICR mass spectrometry shows that the bimolecular units are in each case linked through coordination to the platinum with displacement of the chloride ligand. Circular dichroism indicates that a termolecular entity involving PtEEtpy, SA and DNA is formed. A range of electrospray mass spectrometry experiments showed that the PtEEtpy complex breaks and forms coordination bonds relatively easily. A whole cell estrogen receptor assay in an estrogen receptor positive cell (MCF‐7) confirms binding of both EEtpy and PtEEtpy to the estrogen receptor in cells. The work demonstrates the concept of linking a targeting moiety (in this case estrogen) to a DNA binding agent.
Total Syntheses of the Tylophora Alkaloids Cryptopleurine, (−)‐Antofine, (−)‐Tylophorine, and (−)‐Ficuseptine C
Authors: Fürstner Alois , Kennedy Jason W. J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA concise, efficient and modular approach to the tylophora alkaloids is described, a family of potent cytotoxic agents that are equally effective against drug sensitive and multidrug resistant cancer cell lines. The advantages of the chosen route are illustrated by the total syntheses of the phenanthroquinolizidine cryptopleurine (1) and the phenanthroindolizidines (−)‐antofine (2), (−)‐tylophorine (3), and their only recently isolated congener (−)‐ficuseptine C (4). The key steps consist in a Suzuki cross‐coupling between a (commercial) boronic acid and a simple aryl‐1,2‐dihalide followed by elaboration of the resulting products into the corresponding 2‐alkynyl‐biphenyl derivatives 27, 33, 41 and 46. The latter undergo PtCl2‐catalyzed cycloisomerizations with formation of the functionalized phenanthrenes 28, 34, 42 and 47, which were transformed into the targeted alkaloids by a deprotection/Pictet–Spengler annulation tandem. Due to the flexibility and robust character of this approach, it might enable a systematic exploration of the pharmacological profile of this promising class of bioactive natural products.
Tedanolide C: A Potent New 18‐Membered Ring Cytotoxic Macrolide Isolated from the Papua New Guinea Marine Sponge Ircinia sp.
Authors: Chevallier Camille , Bugni Tim S. , Feng Xidong , Harper Mary Kay , Orendt Anita M. , Ireland Chris M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unusual Mobility of Cesium via a Reversible Topotactic Dehydration Reaction in a New Hydroxygallophosphate with an Intersecting Tunnel Structure.
Authors: Lesage J. , Guesdon A. , Hervieu M. , Raveau B. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phase Relations in La2O3—Gd2O3—CuO System at 950 °C.
Authors: Horyn R. , Bukowska E. , Sikora A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Investigation of the Isothermal Section of the Ag—Zr—Y Ternary System at 1023 K by Diffusion‐Triple.
Authors: He X. C. , Wang Y. M. , Liu H. S. , Jin Z. P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Investigation of the Al—Cu—Cr Phase Diagram: Phase Equilibria at 800—1000 °C.
Authors: Grushko B. , Kowalska‐Strzeciwilk E. , Przepiorzynski B. , Surowiec M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Addition of Me2Zn to Aldehydes Catalyzed by ClCr(Salen).
Authors: Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Kotrusz Peter 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organocatalytic Direct Michael Reaction of Ketones and Aldehydes with β‐Nitrostyrene in Brine.
Authors: Mase Nobuyuki , Watanabe Kaori , Yoda Hidemi , Takabe Kunihiko , Tanaka Fujie , Barbas Carlos F. III 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Precursors of gem‐Difluorodiols and Amino Alcohols Using Electrochemical and Photochemical Reactions.
Authors: Murakami Satoru , Fuchigami Toshio 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tetrameric DABCO—Bromine Complex: A Novel Reagent for Regeneration of Carbonyl Compounds from Aldoximes and Ketoximes.
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Derikvand Fateme , Ghassemzadeh Mitra 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Synthesis of 2,2′‐Dialkylated 4,4′‐Oxybiphenols.
Authors: Maeyama Katsuya , Fujiwara Yasushi , Nishimuro Makiya , Yoshida Yasuhiko , Yonezawa Noriyuki 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of β‐Aryl Ketones by Tetraphosphine/Palladium Catalyzed Heck Reactions of 2‐ or 3‐Substituted Allylic Alcohols with Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Berthiol Florian , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermomorphic System with Non‐Fluorous Phase‐Tagged Ru(BINAP) Catalyst: Facile Liquid/Solid Catalyst Separation and Application in Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Huang Yi‐Yong , He Yan‐Mei , Zhou Hai‐Feng , Wu Lei , Li Bao‐Lin , Fan Qing‐Hua 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two‐Way Enantioselective Control in the Epoxidation of Alkenes with the Keto Bile Acid—Oxone® System.
Authors: Bortolini Olga , Fantin Giancarlo , Fogagnolo Marco , Mari Lara 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Facile Synthesis and Crystal Structure of cis‐9,10,11,15‐Tetrahydro‐9,10[3′,4′]‐furanoanthracene‐12,14‐dione.
Authors: Phutdhawong Weerachai , Buddhasukh Duang , Pyne Stephen G. , Rujiwatra Apinpus , Pakawatchai Chaveng 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ligand‐Mediated Enantioselective Addition of Lithium Carbazolates to Aldehydes.
Authors: Scott Mark S. , Lucas Amanda C. , Luckhurst Chris A. , Prodger Jeremy C. , Dixon Darren J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Room Temperature Palladium‐Catalyzed 2‐Arylation of Indoles.
Authors: Deprez Nicholas R. , Kalyani Dipannita , Krause Andrew , Sanford Melanie S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rapid and Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 4‐Amino‐3‐mercapto‐5‐substituted‐1,2,4‐triazoles.
Authors: Joshi S. S. , Karnik A. V. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Zeolite‐Catalyzed Simple Synthesis of Isochromans via the Oxa‐Pictet—Spengler Reaction.
Authors: Hegedues Adrienn , Hell Zoltan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Cyano‐2‐pyridones. Part 4. Influence of 3‐Alkyl‐2,4‐pentanedione and N‐Alkyl Cyanoacetamide Structure on the Enzyme Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Cyano‐2‐pyridones.
Authors: Mijin Dusan Z. , Milic Branislav D. , Misic‐Vukovic Milica M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Step Synthesis of Diazadihydroacenaphthylene Derivatives with an Isoxazoline Ring, Starting from 1‐Benzylamino‐1‐methylsulfanyl‐2‐nitroethenes.
Authors: Soro Yaya , Bamba Fante , Siaka Sorho , Coustard Jean‐Marie 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.