bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Firearm Ownership and Storage Patterns Among Families With Children Who Receive Well-Child Care in Pediatric Offices
Authors: DuRant Robert H. , Barkin Shari , Craig Joseph A. , Weiley Victoria A. , Ip Edward H. , Wasserman Richard C. 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVE. In this study we examined firearm storage patterns and their associations in a diverse sample of families who attended pediatric practices from both rural and nonrural areas across the United States.METHODS. Parents who brought their children who were aged 2 to 11 years (N = 3745) to 96 Pediatric Research in Office Settings practices from 45 states, Canada, and Puerto Rico participated in an office-based survey before a well-child examination. The survey measured demographic variables; family history of guns in the home; and firearm types, storage behaviors, and ownership.RESULTS. Twenty-three percent of families reported firearm ownership. The majority (60%) of respondents reported making firearm storage decisions. Only one third of firearm owners reported safe firearm storage. Gun type owned was associated with storage habits, with long-gun owners storing their gun in places other than locked cabinets but with ammunition separate from guns and handgun users more likely to store guns loaded and to use gun locks. In a multivariate analysis, not being raised with a firearm was associated with safe storage behaviors. Families who had children aged 2 to 5 years and owned long guns were more likely to store their guns safely than families with older children.CONCLUSIONS. Few families reported safe firearm storage. Storage patterns are most influenced by firearm type(s) owned, family socialization with guns, and the age of the child. Primary care providers need to understand better not only whether firearms are in the home but also which types are present and whether parents were raised in homes with guns.
The Role of Mometasone Furoate Aqueous Nasal Spray in the Treatment of Adenoidal Hypertrophy in the Pediatric Age Group: Preliminary Results of a Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Berlucchi Marco , Salsi Daria , Valetti Luisa , Parrinello Giovanni , Nicolai Piero 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVE. We evaluated the efficacy of mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray in decreasing adenoid size and reducing the severity of chronic nasal obstruction symptoms in children affected by adenoidal hypertrophy.METHODS. Sixty children were recruited in a 2-stage, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. All patients complained of chronic nasal obstruction symptoms, and nasal endoscopy showed &gt;75% choanal obstruction attributable to adenoid pads. In the first stage, 30 patients (group A) underwent mometasone treatment (50 μg per nostril per day) for 40 days, and 30 children (group B) received placebo. In the second stage, at the end of the first 40-day treatment period, patients in group A who showed subjective and objective clinical improvement were divided into 2 subgroups; group A1 (11 children) received topical intranasal steroid treatment on alternate days for the first 2 weeks per month, whereas group A2 (10 children) continued daily mometasone treatment for the first 2 weeks per month. After 3 months, all children were reassessed.RESULTS. Fifty-seven children completed the study according to the protocol. After the first treatment period, the severity of symptoms and adenoid size decreased for 21 patients (77.7%) in group A. No improvement was observed in the placebo group. After 3 months of additional therapy, group A2 patients demonstrated a more-pronounced reduction in adenoid size compared with group A1 patients. No statistically significant change in symptoms was identified. Mometasone treatment was well tolerated by all patients.CONCLUSIONS. Mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray may be considered useful in decreasing adenoid pad size and the severity of symptoms related to adenoidal hypertrophy. Children with adenoidal hypertrophy that is not associated with tonsillar hypertrophy should be considered for intranasal mometasone treatment before surgery is planned.
Intensive Home Visiting Is Associated With Decreased Risk of Infant Death
Authors: Donovan Edward F. , Ammerman Robert T. , Besl John , Atherton Harry , Khoury Jane C. , Altaye Mekibib , Putnam Frank W. , Van Ginkel Judith B. 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to test the hypothesis that participation in a community-based home-visiting program is associated with a decreased risk of infant death.METHODS. A retrospective, case-control design was used to compare the risk of infant death among participants in Cincinnati's Every Child Succeeds program and control subjects matched for gestational age at birth, previous pregnancy loss, marital status, and maternal age. The likelihood of infant death, adjusted for level of prenatal care, maternal smoking, maternal education, race, and age, was determined with multivariate logistic regression. The interaction between race and program participation and the effect of home visiting on the risk of preterm birth were explored.RESULTS. Infants whose families did not receive home visiting (n = 4995) were 2.5 times more likely to die in infancy compared with infants whose families received home visiting (n = 1665). Black infants were at least as likely to benefit from home visiting as were nonblack infants. No effect of program participation on the risk of preterm birth was observed.CONCLUSION. The current study is consistent with the hypothesis that intensive home visiting reduces the risk of infant death.
Do Skinfold Measurements Provide Additional Information to Body Mass Index in the Assessment of Body Fatness Among Children and Adolescents?
Authors: Mei Zuguo , Grummer-Strawn Laurence M. , Wang Jack , Thornton John C. , Freedman David S. , Pierson Richard N. , Dietz William H. , Horlick Mary 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to validate the performance of age- and gender-specific BMI, triceps, and subscapular skinfold for the classification of excess of body fat in children and adolescents and to examine how much additional information these 2 skinfold measurements provide to BMI-for-age.METHODS. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of these 3 indices in classifying excess body fat. Percentage of body fat was determined by dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry. Both ≥85th and ≥95th percentile of percentage of body fat were used to define excess body fat. Data from the New York Pediatric Rosetta Body Composition Project were examined (n = 1196; aged 5–18 years).RESULTS. For children aged 5 to 18 years, BMI-for-age, triceps skinfold-for-age, and subscapular skinfold-for-age each performed equally well alone in the receiver operating characteristic curves in the identification of excess body fat defined by either the 85th or 95th percentile of percentage of body fat by dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry. However, if BMI-for-age was already known and was &gt;95th percentile, the additional measurement of skinfolds did not significantly increase the sensitivity or specificity in the identification of excess body fat.CONCLUSIONS. In contrast to the recommendations of expert panels, skinfold measurements do not seem to provide additional information about excess body fat beyond BMI-for-age alone if the BMI-for-age is &gt;95th percentile.
Maternal Asthma and Maternal Smoking Are Associated With Increased Risk of Bronchiolitis During Infancy
Authors: Carroll Kecia N. , Gebretsadik Tebeb , Griffin Marie R. , Dupont William D. , Mitchel Edward F. , Wu Pingsheng , Enriquez Rachel , Hartert Tina V. 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to determine whether maternal asthma and maternal smoking during pregnancy are associated with the incidence and severity of clinically significant bronchiolitis in term, otherwise healthy infants without the confounding factors of small lung size or underlying cardiac or pulmonary disease.PATIENTS AND METHODS. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of term, non–low birth weight infants enrolled in the Tennessee Medicaid Program from 1995 to 2003. The cohort of infants was followed through the first year of life to determine the incidence and severity of bronchiolitis as determined by health care visits and prolonged hospitalization.RESULTS. A total of 101245 infants were included. Overall, 20% of infants had ≥1 health care visit for bronchiolitis. Compared with infants with neither factor, the risk of bronchiolitis was increased in infants with maternal smoking only, maternal asthma only, or both. Infants with maternal asthma only or with both maternal smoking and asthma had the highest risks for emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Infants with a mother with asthma had the highest risk of a hospitalization &gt;3 days, followed by infants with both maternal asthma and smoking, and maternal smoking only.CONCLUSIONS. Maternal asthma and maternal smoking during pregnancy are independently associated with the development of bronchiolitis in term, non–low birth weight infants without preexisting cardiac or pulmonary disease. The risk of bronchiolitis among infants with mothers who both have asthma and smoke during pregnancy is ∼50% greater than that of infants with neither risk factor. Efforts to decrease the illness associated with these 2 risk factors will lead to decreased morbidity from bronchiolitis, the leading cause of hospitalization for severe lower respiratory tract infections during infancy.
Temporal Relationships Between Colds, Upper Respiratory Viruses Detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction, and Otitis Media in Young Children Followed Through a Typical Cold Season
Authors: Winther Birgit , Alper Cuneyt M. , Mandel Ellen M. , Doyle William J. , Hendley J. Owen 
Published: June 2007

INTRODUCTION. Otitis media is a frequent complication of a viral upper respiratory tract infection, and the reported co-incidence of those diseases increases with assay sensitivity and sampling density. We determined the incidence of otitis-media complications in young children when referenced to cold-like illnesses and to concurrent virus recovery from the nasopharynx.METHODS. A total of 60 children from 24 families were followed from October 2003 through April 30, 2004, by daily parental recording of illness signs, weekly pneumatic otoscopic examinations, and periodic polymerase chain reaction assay of collected nasal fluids for common viruses.RESULTS. One hundred ninety-nine cold-like illnesses were observed, but a sample for virus assay was not collected concurrent with 71 episodes. Of the remainder, 73% of cold-like illnesses were temporally related to recovery of 1 or a combination of the assayed viruses, with rhinovirus predominating. For non–cold-like illness periods, 54 (18%) of 297 assays were positive for virus, and the virus frequency distribution was similar to that for cold-like illnesses. There were 93 diagnosed otitis-media episodes; 65 (70%) of these occurred during a cold-like illness. For the 79 otitis-media episodes with available nasal samples, 61 (77%) were associated with a positive virus result. In this population, the otitis-media complication rate for a cold-like illness was 33%.CONCLUSIONS. A cold-like illness was not a prerequisite for polymerase chain reaction detection of viruses in the nose and nasopharynx of young children. Viral detection by polymerase chain reaction in the absence of a cold-like illness is associated with complications in some subjects. Otitis media is a complication of viral infection both with and without concurrent cold-like illnesses, thus downwardly biasing coincidence estimates that use cold-based illnesses as the denominator.
A National Outbreak of Ralstonia mannitolilytica Associated With Use of a Contaminated Oxygen-Delivery Device Among Pediatric Patients
Authors: Jhung Michael A. , Sunenshine Rebecca H. , Noble-Wang Judith , Coffin Susan E. , St John Keith , Lewis Felicia M. , Jensen Bette , Peterson Alicia , LiPuma John , Arduino Matthew J. , Holzmann-Pazgal Galit , Atkins Jane T. , Srinivasan Arjun 
Published: June 2007

OBJECTIVES. In August 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was notified of a Ralstonia species outbreak among pediatric patients receiving supplemental oxygen therapy with the Vapotherm 2000i (Vapotherm, Inc, Stevensville, MD). The Vapotherm 2000i is a reusable medical device that was used in &gt;900 hospitals in the United States in 2005. Ralstonia are waterborne bacilli that have been implicated in hospital-acquired infections. We initiated an investigation to determine the source of the outbreak and implement infection control and prevention measures.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. We performed a case-control study at 1 hospital and conducted national case findings to obtain clinical and environmental samples for laboratory analysis. Case-patients had health care–acquired Ralstonia colonization or infection. Isolates were compared by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. We tested manufacturer-recommended disinfection protocols for the Vapotherm 2000i under simulated-use conditions.
RESULTS. Case-patients at the hospital (n = 5) were more likely to have received Vapotherm therapy than controls. Nationally, Ralstonia mannitolilytica was confirmed in 38 patients (aged 5 days to 7 years); 35 (92%) of the patients were exposed to the Vapotherm 2000i before recovery of the organism. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed related R mannitolilytica strains from isolates sent from 18 hospitals in 12 states. A Vapotherm machine reprocessed with a protocol proposed by the manufacturer grew Ralstonia spp after 7 days of simulated use. In December 2005, Vapotherm recalled the 2000i.
CONCLUSIONS. Our findings suggest intrinsic contamination of Vapotherm devices with Ralstonia spp. New medical devices may provide therapy equivalent to current devices yet pose novel reprocessing challenges.
Overuse Injuries, Overtraining, and Burnout in Child and Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Brenner Joel S. ,   and the Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness
Published: June 2007

This Clinical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2023-065129.
Overuse is one of the most common etiologic factors that lead to injuries in the pediatric and adolescent athlete. As more children are becoming involved in organized and recreational athletics, the incidence of overuse injuries is increasing. Many children are participating in sports year-round and sometimes on multiple teams simultaneously. This overtraining can lead to burnout, which may have a detrimental effect on the child participating in sports as a lifelong healthy activity. One contributing factor to overtraining may be parental pressure to compete and succeed. The purpose of this clinical report is to assist pediatricians in identifying and counseling at-risk children and their families. This report supports the American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement on intensive training and sport specialization.
Tissue Engineering with Chondrogenically Differentiated Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Koay Eugene J. , Hoben Gwen M. B. , Athanasiou Kyriacos A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study describes the development and application of a novel strategy to tissue engineer musculoskeletal cartilages with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). This work expands the presently limited understanding of how to chondrogenically differentiate hESCs through the use of chondrogenic medium alone (CM) or CM with two growth factor regimens: transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 followed by TGF-β1 plus insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I or TGF-β3 followed by bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2. It also extends the use of the resulting chondrogenically differentiated cells for cartilage tissue engineering through a scaffoldless approach called self-assembly, which was conducted in two modes: with (a) embryoid bodies (EBs) or (b) a suspension of cells enzymatically dissociated from the EBs. Cells from two of the differentiation conditions (CM alone and TGF-β3 followed by BMP-2) produced fibrocartilage-like constructs with high collagen I content, low collagen II content, relatively high total collagen content (up to 24% by dry weight), low sulfated glycosaminoglycan content (∼4% by dry weight), and tensile properties on the order of megapascals. In contrast, hESCs treated with TGF-β3 followed by TGF-β1 + IGF-I produced constructs with no collagen I. Results demonstrated significant differences among the differentiation conditions in terms of other biochemical and biomechanical properties of the self-assembled constructs, suggesting that distinct growth factor regimens differentially modulate the potential of the cells to produce cartilage. Furthermore, this work shows that self-assembly of cells obtained by enzymatic dissociation of EBs is superior to self-assembly of EBs. Overall, the results of this study raise the possibility of manipulating the characteristics of hESC-generated tissue toward specific musculoskeletal cartilage applications.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Effects of stimulation of adenosine A2A receptors on lipopolysaccharide-induced production of reactive oxygen species by equine neutrophils
Authors: Sun Wan-chun , Moore James N. , Hurley David J. , Vandenplas Michel L. , Murray Thomas F. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To assess the anti-inflammatory effects of an adenosine analogue on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated equine neutrophils.
Sample Population—Neutrophils obtained from 10 healthy horses.
Procedures—An adenosine analogue (5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine [NECA]) was tested for its ability to inhibit production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-stimulated equine neutrophils. Selective adenosine receptor antagonists were used to identify the receptor subtype responsible for effects. To assess the mechanism of action of NECA, cAMP concentrations were measured, and effects of dibutyryl cAMP (a stable analogue of cAMP) and rolipram (a type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor) were investigated.
Results—NECA elicited concentration-dependent inhibition of ROS production that was inhibited by ZM241385, a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; this effect of NECA was not affected by the adenosine A2B receptor antagonist MRS1706. Also, ZM241385 blocked NECA-induced increases in cAMP concentrations, whereas MRS1706 did not alter this effect of NECA. Rolipram potentiated NECA-induced inhibition of ROS production, and dibutyryl cAMP also inhibited ROS production.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Activation of adenosine A2A receptors inhibited ROS production by LPS-stimulated equine neutrophils in a cAMP-dependent manner. These results suggest that stable adenosine A2A receptor agonists may be developed as suitable anti-inflammatory drugs in horses.
Association of expiratory airway dysfunction with marked obesity in healthy adult dogs
Authors: Bach Jonathan F. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Bedenice Daniela , Chan Daniel L. , Freeman Lisa M. , Lofgren Jennifer L. S. , Oura Trisha J. , Hoffman Andrew M. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of obesity on pulmonary function in healthy adult dogs.
Animals—36 Retrievers without cardiopulmonary disease.
Procedures—Dogs were assigned to 1 of 3 groups on the basis of body condition score (1 through 9): nonobese (score, 4.5 to 5.5), moderately obese (score, 6.0 to 6.5), and markedly obese (score, 7.0 to 9.0). Pulmonary function tests performed in conscious dogs included spirometry and measurement of inspiratory and expiratory airway resistance (Raw) and specific Raw (sRaw) during normal breathing and during hyperpnea via head-out whole-body plethysmography. Functional residual capacity (FRC; measured by use of helium dilution), diffusion capacity of lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and arterial blood gas variables (PaO2, PaCO2, and alveolar-arterial gradient) were assessed.
Results—During normal breathing, body condition score did not influence airway function, DLCO, or arterial blood gas variables. During hyperpnea, expiratory sRaw was significantly greater in markedly obese dogs than nonobese dogs and Raw was significantly greater in markedly obese dogs, compared with nonobese and moderately obese dogs. Although not significantly different, markedly obese dogs had a somewhat lower FRC, compared with other dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In dogs, obesity appeared to cause airflow limitation during the expiratory phase of breathing, but this was only evident during hyperpnea. This suggests that flow limitation is dynamic and likely occurs in the distal (rather than proximal) portions of the airways. Further studies are warranted to localize the flow-limited segment and understand whether obesity is linked to exercise intolerance via airway dys-function in dogs.
Progression of radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: 295 cases (2001–2005)
Authors: Hurley Connie R. , Hammer Douglas L. , Shott Susan 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether radiographic signs of osteoarthritis became progressively worse and tibial slope angle (TSA) changed substantially following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—295 dogs (373 stifle joints).
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed. Radiographs obtained before and 8 weeks after surgery were used to determine the degenerative joint disease (DJD) score, calculated as the sum of individual scores (0 through 3) assigned to 30 radiographic factors. Radiographs obtained immediately and 8 weeks after surgery were used to measureTSA. For dogs that underwent bilateral surgery, data for the first joint treated were used in analyses. Data for the second joint treated in dogs that underwent bilateral surgery were analyzed separately.
Results—A small, but significant, increase was found in mean DJD score 8 weeks after surgery, compared with mean preoperative score. An inverse relationship was found between preoperative DJD score and the difference between postoperative and preoperative DJD scores. Mean TSA 8 weeks after surgery was significantly higher than mean TSA immediately after surgery. Analysis of data for the second stifle joints in the 78 dogs that underwent bilateral surgery yielded similar results.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that there was a small, but measurable, increase in the severity of radiographic changes attributed to osteoarthritis in the stifle joints of dogs that underwent tibial plateau leveling osteotomy because of cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
Sleep evaluation in the symptomatic episode of recurrent hypersomnia
Authors: Feketeová Eva , Tormašiová Mária 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Recurrent hypersomnia (RH) is a rare disorder characterized by episodes of hypersomnia, variously accompanied by behavioural and cognitive disturbances, compulsive eating behaviour and hypersexuality. Electrophysiologic evaluation of the sleep during symptomatic and asymptomatic periods of RH distinguishes RH from other primary sleep or mental disorders. Unique polysomnographic findings during the hypersomniac attack lasting 96 hours in a 16-year-old boy affected with primary RH are presented in this paper.