bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis is involved in the senescence of endothelial cells induced by angiotensin II
Authors: Shan Hai‐Yan , Bai Xiao‐Juan , Chen Xiang‐Mei 
Published: October 2007

AbstractVascular endothelial cells have a finite cell lifespan and eventually enter an irreversible growth arrest, cellular senescence. The functional changes associated with cellular senescence are thought to contribute to human aging and age‐related cardiovascular disorders, e.g. atherosclerosis. In this study, induction of Angiotensin II (Ang II) promoted a growth arrest with phenotypic characteristics of cell senescence, such as enlarged cell shapes, increased senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) positive staining cell, and depressed cell proliferation. Apoptotic changes were increased in senescent cells, with a small subset of the senescent cells showing aberrant morphology such as pronounced nuclear fragmentation or multiple micronuclei. The results suggest cell apoptosis is possibly an important factor in the process of pathologic and physiologic senescence of endothelial cells as well as vascular aging.
Ophthalmic artery Doppler as a measure of severe pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Diniz A.L.D. , Moron A.F. , dos Santos M.C. , Sass N. , Pires C.R. , Debs C.L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo identify differences in orbital flow behavior in mild and severe pre‐eclamptic women compared with healthy pregnant women, demonstrated by ophthalmic artery Doppler indexes.MethodsOphthalmic artery Doppler indexes of 20 mild and 20 severe pre‐eclamptic women were compared with 51 healthy pregnant women. Right and left eye Doppler index means were evaluated and the resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and peak ratio (PR) were calculated.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed between PR, PSV, and EDV (P = 0.0009, P = 0.0020, P = 0.0001) ophthalmic artery Doppler in a comparison of women with mild and severe pre‐eclampsia. Statistically significant differences were seen between all Doppler indexes of the study group and healthy pregnant women. Ophthalmic PR, PSV, and EDV were significantly higher in severe pre‐eclamptic cases but other index parameters did not show any difference. An elevation of diastolic and systolic flow occurred when pre‐eclampsia became severe.ConclusionOrbital vascular impedance reduction with orbital hyperperfusion was present in severe pre‐eclamptic women compared with mild pre‐eclamptic and healthy pregnant women. Ophthalmic Doppler is a novel parameter that may be useful in the diagnosis of severe pre‐eclampsia.
The effects of iron supplementation on serum copper and zinc levels in pregnant women with high‐normal hemoglobin
Authors: Ziaei Saeideh , Janghorban R. , Shariatdoust Sosan , Faghihzadeh Sofhrate 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of iron supplementation on serum copper and zinc levels.MethodIn a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 66 pregnant women with hemoglobin 13.2 g/dL or greater between the 13th and 18th week of pregnancy were randomized into case and control groups. From the 20th week until the end of pregnancy the case group received one ferrous sulfate tablet containing 50 mg elemental iron daily, while the control group received placebo. Hemoglobin, ferritin, copper, and zinc levels at 24‐28 and 32‐36 weeks of pregnancy were measured and compared.ResultsIn the case group, serum copper levels in the second and third trimester were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Serum zinc levels in the case group in the second and third trimester were also significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionIron supplementation in pregnant women with hemoglobin greater than 13.2 g/dL reduces serum levels of copper and zinc.
Misoprostol to treat missed abortion in the first trimester
Authors: Gemzell‐Danielsson K. , Ho P.C. , Gómez Ponce de León R. , Weeks A. , Winikoff B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMissed abortion in the first trimester is characterized by the arrest of embryonic or fetal development. The cervix is closed and there is no or only slight bleeding. Ultrasound examination shows an empty gestational sac or an embryo/fetus without cardiac activity. Based on a review of the published literature a single dose of 800 μg vaginal misoprostol may be offered as an effective, safe, and acceptable alternative to the traditional surgical treatment for this indication. Alternatively, 600 μg misoprostol can be administered sublingually. After administration of misoprostol, hospitalization is not necessary and the time to expulsion varies considerably. Bleeding may last for more than 14 days with additional days of light bleeding or spotting. The woman should be advised to contact a provider in case of heavy bleeding or signs of infection. A follow‐up is recommended after 1 to 2 weeks.
Treatment of incomplete abortion and miscarriage with misoprostol
Authors: Blum J. , Winikoff B. , Gemzell‐Danielsson K. , Ho P.C. , Schiavon R. , Weeks A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA literature review was conducted to determine whether misoprostol is an effective treatment for incomplete abortion and, if so, to recommend an appropriate regimen. All English language articles published before October 2007 using misoprostol in at least one of the study arms were reviewed to determine the efficacy of misoprostol when used to treat incomplete abortion in the first trimester. All available unpublished data previously presented at international scientific meetings were also reviewed. Sufficient evidence was found in support of misoprostol as a safe and effective means of non‐surgical uterine evacuation. A single dose of misoprostol 600 μg oral is recommended for treatment of incomplete abortion in women presenting with a uterine size equivalent to 12 weeks gestation.
Prevention of postpartum hemorrhage with misoprostol
Authors: Alfirevic Z. , Blum J. , Walraven G. , Weeks A. , Winikoff B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAs a stable, orally active and cheap uterotonic, misoprostol would appear ideally suited to the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in the developing world. Following numerous clinical trials, it appears that misoprostol prophylaxis using an oral or sublingual dose of 600 μg is more effective than placebo at preventing PPH in community births (relative risk 0.59, 95% confidence intervals 0.41–0.84), but not in hospital settings (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.86–1.74). It is, however, not as effective as injectible oxytocin (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.55). Misoprostol is therefore indicated for prevention of PPH in settings where injectible conventional uterotonics are not available. In the event of continued hemorrhage, a minimum of 2 h should lapse after the original dose before a second dose is given. If the initial dose was associated with pyrexia or marked shivering, at least 6 h should lapse before the second dose is given.
Reliability of studies of iodine intake and recommendations for number of samples in groups and in individuals
Authors: Andersen Stig , Karmisholt Jesper , Pedersen Klaus M. , Laurberg Peter 
Published: October 2007

The iodine intake level in a population is determined in cross-sectional studies. Urinary iodine varies considerably and the reliability of studies of iodine nutrition and the number of samples needed is unsettled. We performed a longitudinal study of sixteen healthy men living in an area of mild to moderate iodine deficiency. Iodine and creatinine concentrations were measured in spot urine samples collected monthly for 13 months. From these data we calculated the number of urine samples needed to determine the iodine excretion level for crude urinary iodine and for 24 h iodine excretion estimated from age- and gender-specific creatinine excretions. We found that mean urinary iodine excretion varied from 30 to 87 μg/l (31 to 91 μg/24 h). Sample iodine varied from 10 to 260 μg/l (20 to 161 μg/24 h). Crude urinary iodine varied more than estimated 24 h iodine excretion (population standard deviation 32v. 26; individual standard deviation 29v. 21; Bartlett's test,P < 0·01 for both). The number of spot urine samples needed to estimate the iodine level in a population with 95 % confidence within a precision range of ± 10 % was about 125 (100 when using estimated 24 h iodine excretions), and within a precision range of ± 5 % was about 500 (400). A precision range of ± 20 % in an individual required twelve urine samples or more (seven when using estimated 24 h iodine excretions). In conclusion, estimating population iodine excretion requires 100–500 spot urine samples for each group or subgroup. Less than ten urine samples in an individual may be misleading.
Moderate exercise reduces serum triacylglycerol concentrations but does not affect pre-heparin lipoprotein lipase concentrations after a moderate-fat meal in young men
Authors: Miyashita Masashi , Tokuyama Kumpei 
Published: October 2007

Aerobic exercise has been shown to lower postprandial TAG concentrations after a meal(s) of high-fat content. This study examined the effects of moderate-intensity cycling on postprandial TAG concentrations and pre-heparin lipoprotein lipase concentrations after subjects consumed a meal of moderate-fat content (45 % of total energy). Twelve male subjects, aged 24 (sem 1) years, completed two 2 d trials (exercise and control) at least 1 week apart in a randomised, repeated measures design. On day 1, subjects either cycled for 30 min at 65 % of maximum heart rate in the afternoon or rested (no exercise). On day 2 of both trials, after an overnight stay with an 11 h fast, subjects consumed a test meal of moderate-fat content (0·61 g fat, 1·34 g carbohydrate, 0·37 g protein and 51 kJ energy/kg body mass) for breakfast. Blood samples were collected at baseline (before the exercise or at an equivalent time-point during the control trial on day 1), in the fasted state (0 h) and at 2, 4 and 6 h postprandially on day 2. The total and incremental areas under the serum TAG concentration v. time curve were 30 % (P = 0·039) and 33 % (P = 0·012) lower on the exercise trial compared with the control trial, respectively. Serum pre-heparin lipoprotein lipase concentrations did not differ between the exercise and control trials. These findings demonstrate that 30 min of moderate-intensity cycling performed the day before a meal of moderate-fat content is effective at lowering postprandial serum TAG concentrations but does not affect serum pre-heparin lipoprotein lipase concentrations in young men.
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure and whey proteins on the disruption of casein micelle isolates
Authors: Harte Federico M , Gurram Subba Rao , Luedecke Lloyd O , Swanson Barry G , Barbosa-Cánovas Gustavo V 
Published: October 2007

High hydrostatic pressure disruption of casein micelle isolates was studied by analytical ultracentrifugation and transmission electron microscopy. Casein micelles were isolated from skim milk and subjected to combinations of thermal treatment (85°C, 20 min) and high hydrostatic pressure (up to 676 MPa) with and without whey protein added. High hydrostatic pressure promoted extensive disruption of the casein micelles in the 250 to 310 MPa pressure range. At pressures greater than 310 MPa no further disruption was observed. The addition of whey protein to casein micelle isolates protected the micelles from high hydrostatic pressure induced disruption only when the mix was thermally processed before pressure treatment. The more whey protein was added (up to 5 g/l) the more the protection against high hydrostatic pressure induced micelle disruption was observed in thermally treated samples subjected to 310 MPa.
Ectoine as a natural component of food: detection in red smear cheeses
Authors: Klein Julia , Schwarz Thomas , Lentzen Georg 
Published: October 2007

Ectoine is a compatible solute accumulated in halophilic bacteria in response to high salt concentrations and offers protection from osmotic stress. The occurrence of compatible solutes is widespread among bacteria, yet ectoine has never been detected in foods. The use of an ectoine producing microorganism (Brevibacterium linens) in the surface ripening of red smear cheeses led to the question whether ectoine can be found in cheese. Therefore we examined samples from a variety of cheese manufacturers and different types of red smear cheeses for the presence of ectoine using HPLC and HPLC/MS analysis. Ectoine solely appears in the rind and was detected up to 178 mg/200 g red smear cheese, depending on several factors like ripening status and conditions throughout the cheese production process (e.g. salt concentrations of used brine baths).
Effects of high-pressure treatment on free fatty acids release during ripening of ewes' milk cheese
Authors: Juan Bibiana , Ferragut Victoria , Buffa Martin , Guamis Buenaventura , Trujillo Antonio-José 
Published: October 2007

The free fatty acid (FFA) profile of high pressure treated ewes' milk cheeses were studied to assess the effect of pressure treatment on cheese lipolysis. Cheeses were treated at 200, 300, 400 or 500 MPa (2P to 5P) at two stages of ripening (after 1 and 15 days of manufacturing; P1 and P15) and FFA were assayed at 1, 15 and 60 d ripening. On the first day of ripening, 3P1-cheeses showed levels of FFA twice that of the control cheeses. However, no significant differences were found between 3P1 and control cheeses at 60 d ripening. On the contrary, 4P1 and 5P1-cheeses had the lowest total FFA levels. The point at which pressure treatment was applied influenced the FFA profile of cheeses; cheeses pressurized at pressures <400 MPa on the first day of ripening were more similar to untreated cheeses than their homologues treated at 15 d.
Compositional, microbiological, biochemical, volatile profile and sensory characterization of four Italian semi-hard goats' cheeses
Authors: Cagno Raffaella Di , Evan Miracle R , Angelis Maria De , Minervini Fabio , Rizzello Carlo G , Anne Drake Mary , Fox Patrick F , Gobbetti Marco 
Published: October 2007

Four semi-hard Italian goats' milk cheeses, Flor di Capra (FC), Caprino di Cavalese (CC), Caprino di Valsassina (CV) and Capritilla (C), were compared for compositional, microbiological, biochemical, volatile profile and sensory characteristics. Mean values for the gross composition in part differed between cheeses. At the end of ripening, cheeses contained 7·98−8·51 log10 cfu/g of non-starter lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacillus paracasei, Lb. casei and Lb. plantarum were dominant in almost all cheeses. As shown by the Principal Component Analysis of RP-FPLC data for the pH 4·6-soluble fractions and by the determination of free amino acids, secondary proteolysis of CC and CV mainly differed from the other two cheeses. A total of 72 volatile components were identified by steam distillation-extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Free fatty acids and esters qualitatively and quantitatively differentiated the profile of CV and CC, respectively. The lowest concentrations of volatile components characterized FC. Descriptive sensory analysis using 17 flavour attributes was carried out by a trained panel. Different flavour attributes distinguished the four goats' cheeses and relationships were found with volatile components, biochemical characteristics and technology.
Violence, Reconstruction and Islamic Reform—Stories from the Muslim ‘Ghetto’
Authors: JASANI RUBINA 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper is a critique of popular and academic assumptions about the Muslim ‘community’ and Islamist organizations, especially in the context of displacement and reconstruction after the 2002 riots in Ahmedabad, western India. It explores the internal politics of Jamaat-led organizations and the engagement of survivors with ideas of reform and piety. Contesting contemporary understandings of reformist Jamaats, I argue that the growing influence of the latter organizations had little co-relation with their resettlement plans and policies. The reconstruction patterns were more closely linked to the history of labour migration to the city, and the subsequent movement of violence-affected people from the mill areas to larger Muslim ghettoes. My ethnography shows how the survivors strategically engaged with reform initiatives and negotiated with local Islamist organizations for ‘safe housing’. By illustrating certain ambiguities within the everyday practices of Islam, my paper also problematizes notions of ‘piety’ and ‘agency’, primarily after people's experiences of communal violence.
The Changing Perspectives of Three Muslim Men on the Question of Saint Worship over a 10-Year Period in Gujarat, Western India
Authors: SIMPSON EDWARD 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn many religious traditions, those who mediate relations between men and gods are often the focus of controversy and moral ambiguity. The ethnography in this paper outlines a number of perspectives on the role of such intermediaries (here ‘saints’) in Muslim society in western India. In the South Asian literature, historians have provided a thorough treatment of the doctrinal history and content of these debates. However, very little attention has been paid to how living individuals interpret and rehearse these debates in practice. The examination of the changing perspectives of three Muslim men on the question of saint worship over a 10 year period reveals the following. First, an individual's relationship with ‘saints’ is often determined primarily by social context rather than simply by doctrinal allegiance or the compulsions of particular ‘beliefs’. Second, discourses of religious reform are also powerful social objects that can be used as political instruments for purposes other than simply refining the religious practices of a community. Finally, many commonplace assumptions in the literature—notably on the nature of belief and the significance of doctrinal divisions among Muslims—do not withstand ethnographic scrutiny.
Islamic Feminism in India: Indian Muslim Women Activists and the Reform of Muslim Personal Law
Authors: VATUK SYLVIA 
Published: October 2007

AbstractI describe here a nascent ‘Islamic feminist’ movement in India, dedicated to the goal of achieving gender equity under Muslim Personal Law. In justifying their demands, these women activists refer neither to the Indian Constitution nor to the universalistic human rights principles that guide secular feminists campaigning for passage of a gender-neutral uniform civil code of personal law, but rather to the authority of the Qur'an—which, they claim, grants Muslim women numerous rights that in practice are routinely denied them. They accuse the male ‘ulamaof foisting ‘patriarchal’ interpretations of the Qur'an on the unlettered Muslim masses and assert their right to read the Qur'an for themselves and interpret it in a woman-friendly way. Their activities reflect an increasing ‘fragmentation of religious authority’ in the globalizing Muslim world, associated with the spread of mass education, new forms of media and transport and a mobile labour force, in which clerical claims to exclusive authoritative knowledge are being questioned by a wide variety of new voices, women's among them. Whether it can ultimately succeed is an open question but the movement is clearly having an impact, even on the clerical establishment itself, insofar as the legal issues it considers most pressing for women are concerned.
Identification and localization of a putative ATP-binding cassette transporter in sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and host Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: TRIBBLE N. D. , BURKA J. F. , KIBENGE F. S. B. , WRIGHT G. M. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYSome members of the ABC-transporter superfamily, such as P-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance associated protein, may confer resistance to the avermectin subclass of macrocyclic lactones. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of ABC transporters in both sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and its Atlantic salmon host (Salmo salar) using monoclonal antibodies (C219 and JSB-1, with high selectivity for P-gp) and a new polyclonal antibody (SL0525) generated against a putative sea louse ABC transporter. The antibody raised to SL0525 did not react with rat P-gp, suggesting that an ABC transporter, not necessarily P-gp, was isolated. C219 was the only antibody to localize P-gp in all 3 salmon tissues (intestine, kidney and liver). American lobster (Homarus americanus) was used as a reference crustacean forL. salmonisimmunostaining reactions and showed positive staining in the hepatopancreatic and intestinal tissues with all 3 antibodies. TheL. salmonisshowed positive staining in the intestinal epithelial lining with all antibodies. This report represents the first documented evidence for the expression of ABC transporters inL. salmonis, its Atlantic salmon host, and the American lobster.
Divided Publius: Democracy, Federalism, and the Cultivation of Public Sentiment
Authors: Smith Troy E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAlexander Hamilton and James Madison agreed in the Federalist that the Constitution authorizes both political and judicial processes to define and safeguard the boundaries of federalism, but disagreed on public opinion's role in a republic and how to cultivate public sentiment for the Constitution. Hamilton preferred resolving intergovernmental disputes via political and public processes because public endorsement would legitimize broad national powers. Madison favored building public sentiment for the Constitution through strict limits on the national government enforced in part by the judiciary. He thought resolving intergovernmental disputes via public processes would confirm widespread suspicions of imperium in imperio and might provoke a popular backlash that would upset the constitutional equilibrium and undermine even legitimate national powers. This difference foreshadows Hamilton and Madison's later constitutional disagreements, reveals fundamental ambiguities in America's federal system, and confirms the need to consider how institutions and policies affect public sentiment for the constitutional order.
“We should see certain things yet, let us hope and believe”: Technology, Sex, and Politics in Mark Twain's Connecticut Yankee
Authors: Dobski Bernard J. , Kleinerman Benjamin A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThrough his modern “Yankee,” Mark Twain reveals to his readers the underlying desire to overcome the very material world he seems to want to instantiate. Although the Yankee seems a modern man who simply wants to create the conditions in Arthurian England by which his body will be most comfortable, both his zeal for this project and the trajectory of his soul's course during the book betray an underlying hope to overcome his “mortal coil” through first technological and then political projects. In charting the impetus and evolution of the Yankee's psychology for us, Twain teaches us much about the nature of the “modern project”—its underlying hopes and its potential for dangerous, even totalitarian, excesses. As appealing as the starkly contrasting Arthurians might be, given this insight, Twain does not ultimately endorse this position but shows that its explicit claim does not ultimately satisfy our desire for noninstrumental goods.