bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term safety and efficacy of etanercept in children with polyarticular‐course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lovell Daniel J. , Reiff Andreas , Jones Olcay Y. , Schneider Rayfel , Nocton James , Stein Leonard D. , Gedalia Abraham , Ilowite Norman T. , Wallace Carol A. , Whitmore James B. , White Barbara , Giannini Edward H. ,   Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies showed that etanercept treatment in patients with polyarticular‐course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) provided rapid clinical improvement that was sustained for up to 2 years. The goal of our study was to provide data on safety and efficacy after 4 years of etanercept treatment in patients with JRA.MethodsPatients with active polyarticular‐course JRA who participated in an efficacy study continued etanercept treatment in an open‐label extension. Safety was assessed by measuring rates of serious adverse events (SAEs) and serious infections. Efficacy was assessed using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Pediatric 30 criteria for improvement and standard measures of disease activity. (The ACR Pediatric 30 criteria are defined as improvement of ≥30% in at least 3 of 6 core response variables used to assess disease activity, with no more than 1 variable worsening by ≥30%.)ResultsOf the 69 patients who enrolled in the original efficacy study, 58 patients (84%) enrolled in the extension, 34 patients received etanercept treatment for ≥4 years, and 32 of these received complete efficacy assessments. The rate of SAEs was 0.13 per patient‐year, and the rate of serious infections was 0.04 per patient‐year, in a total etanercept exposure of 225 patient‐years. Eighty‐two percent of patients who received corticosteroids at any time during the extension were able to decrease their dosage to ≤5 mg/day prednisone equivalent. Of the 32 patients with complete efficacy data who received etanercept for ≥4 years, 94% achieved an ACR Pediatric 30 response and 78% achieved an ACR Pediatric 70 response at the last study visit.ConclusionEtanercept offers an acceptable safety profile in children with polyarticular‐course JRA and provides significant improvement in disease manifestations that are sustained for ≥4 years.
Diagnostic accuracy of subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue aspiration for detecting systemic amyloidosis and its utility in clinical practice
Authors: Gameren Ingrid I. Van , Hazenberg Bouke P. C. , Bijzet Johan , Rijswijk Martin H. Van 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveAspiration of subcutaneous abdominal fat is a simple and fast method for detecting systemic amyloidosis; however, the sensitivity of this approach remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of fat tissue aspiration for detecting systemic amyloidosis and the utility of this method in clinical practice.MethodsAll consecutive patients with established and suspected systemic amyloidosis who attended our tertiary referral hospital between 1994 and 2004 underwent aspiration of subcutaneous abdominal fat. Congo red–stained tissue was assessed quickly in a single smear in a routine manner by a single observer, and was also assessed thoroughly in 3 smears by 2 independent observers.ResultsOne hundred twenty patients with established systemic amyloidosis were studied (38 with AA amyloidosis, 70 with AL amyloidosis, and 12 with ATTR amyloidosis). Routine (quick) assessment was associated with a sensitivity of 80% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 72–87%). Sensitivity increased to 93% (95% CI 87–97%) when 3 smears were thoroughly examined. The specificity of fat aspiration in 45 control subjects was 100% (95% CI 92–100%). One hundred sixty‐two patients for whom there was a clinical suspicion of systemic amyloidosis were screened for amyloidosis by fat tissue aspiration and biopsy of at least 1 other tissue. In 69 (43%) of these 162 patients, a diagnosis of amyloidosis was established, and in 66 (96%) of these patients, the results of fat tissue aspiration were positive. The clinical utility of fat tissue aspiration was greater than that of biopsy of the rectum.ConclusionSubcutaneous abdominal fat aspiration is the preferred method for detecting systemic amyloidosis, with sensitivity of 80% associated with use of a routine approach. The use of a thorough assessment (3 fat smears, 2 observers) increased sensitivity to >90%. If the results of fat tissue aspiration are negative, the additional value of a subsequent biopsy of the rectum is negligible.
A simple model‐based control for Pichia pastoris allows a more efficient heterologous protein production bioprocess
Authors: Cos Oriol , Ramon Ramon , Montesinos José Luis , Valero Francisco 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA predictive control algorithm coupled with a PI feedback controller has been satisfactorily implemented in the heterologous Rhizopus oryzae lipase production by Pichia pastoris methanol utilization slow (Muts) phenotype. This control algorithm has allowed the study of the effect of methanol concentration, ranging from 0.5 to 1.75 g/L, on heterologous protein production. The maximal lipolytic activity (490 UA/mL), specific yield (11,236 UA/gbiomass), productivity (4,901 UA/L · h), and specific productivity (112 UA/gbiomassh were reached for a methanol concentration of 1 g/L. These parameters are almost double than those obtained with a manual control at a similar methanol set‐point. The study of the specific growth, consumption, and production rates showed different patterns for these rates depending on the methanol concentration set‐point. Results obtained have shown the need of implementing a robust control scheme when reproducible quality and productivity are sought. It has been demonstrated that the model‐based control proposed here is a very efficient, robust, and easy‐to‐implement strategy from an industrial application point of view. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient Sequence‐Specific Purification of Listeria innocua mRNA Species by Triplex Affinity Capture with Parallel Tail‐Clamps
Authors: Nadal Anna , Coll Anna , Aviñó Anna , Esteve Teresa , Eritja Ramon , Pla Maria 
Published: May 2006

AbstractParallel clamps can interact in a sequence‐specific manner with homopyrimidine DNA and RNA oligonucleotides to form triplexes. For longer nucleic acids, we have previously demonstrated the inhibitory effect of DNA‐target secondary structures on triplex formation. We further designed a modification of these molecules—that is, tail‐clamps formed by addition of a tail sequence to the parallel clamp—and proved efficient binding of the molecules with structured single‐stranded DNA targets. Here we explore the possible application of the tail‐clamp strategy for triplex formation with RNA targets, which are typically found as strongly folded single‐stranded molecules. Efficient and specific binding of a tail‐clamp designed to form a parallel triplex with Listeria innocua iap mRNA sequences has been verified by UV melting curves and triplex affinity capture techniques. Furthermore, we show for the first time the formation of stable complexes of mRNA with tail‐clamps not only under acidic but also under neutral and slightly basic pH conditions. These results signify a further step towards the possible applications of triplexes with mRNA molecules; research, analytical, and therapeutic uses can be envisaged. As an example, our tail‐clamp‐based triplex affinity capture assay allowed the specific capture and recovery of iap mRNA molecules from an L. innocua total RNA solution with 45 % yield.
Bis‐ortho‐Substitution by Methyl Groups Dramatically Increases the Racemization Barrier of Tröger Bases
Authors: Lenev Denis A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Golovanov Denis G. , Buss Volker , Kostyanovsky Remir G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe have shown through racemization kinetics studies that the enantiomerization barriers of the bis‐ortho‐methyl substituted Tröger bases 2 and 3 in acidic media are raised by 30 kJ mol−1 relative to the parent compound 1, that is 130.4(4) and 131.6(4) kJ mol−1, respectively (105 °C, pH 1, ethylene glycol). The enantiomerization barrier of para‐methoxy‐para‐nitro substituted Tröger base 4 was determined by dynamic capillary electrophoresis to 96.3(2) kJ mol−1 (25 °C, pH 2.2, H2O), which is lower by 5 kJ mol−1 relative to 1. The influence of deutero‐substitution on the racemization rates was also studied. The influence of steric and electronic factors on the enantiomerization barrier was investigated by quantum‐mechanical (DFT) calculations. It is shown that enantiomerization takes place in two steps: ring‐opening and further interconversion of the monocyclic intermediate. For the interconversion to occur a transition state has to be passed which is sensitive to steric effects. Ortho‐substitution by methyl groups significantly increases the energy of this state. Thus, compounds 2 and 3 are the simplest Tröger bases which are configurationally stable in acidic media.
A Highly Practical RCM Approach towards a Molecular Building Kit of Spirocyclic Reverse Turn Mimics
Authors: Bittermann Holger , Böckler Frank , Einsiedel Jürgen , Gmeiner Peter 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe development of privileged molecular scaffolds efficiently mimicking reverse turn motifs and thus increasing both binding and selectivity and enabling the elucidation of the bioactive conformation of a natural peptide has attracted remarkable interest. The frequent occurrence of proline in various turn patterns initiated the design of proline‐based reverse turn mimetics. As a structural hybridization of a highly potent type VI β‐turn inducer 1 with saturated spirocyclic lactams 3 efficiently mimicking type II β turns, we developed a versatile synthetic route towards unsaturated spirocyclic lactams of type 2, when Seebach's self‐reproduction of chirality methodology was combined with a peptide coupling reaction and Grubbs' ring‐closing metathesis. By this means, a variety of model peptides with six‐ up to nine‐membered lactam rings were accessible following a uniform pathway. Introduction of suitably protected templates into solid‐phase peptide synthesis gave rise to unsaturated spirocyclic analogues of the naturally occurring neuropeptide neurotensin. Spectroscopic investigations as well as DFT calculations on a high level of theory revealed a remarkable dependence of the reverse‐turn inducing potency on the ring size. While the secondary structure of the unsaturated spirocyclic ε‐lactam 12 closely agrees with the reference γ‐lactam 3 a, the unsaturated δ‐lactam 11 serves as an extraordinarily potent β‐turn inducer which is even superior to β‐lactams of type 3 b. The eight‐membered unsaturated spirocyclic lactam 13 adopts a conformation almost ideally matching the prerequisites for a canonical type II β turn with the highest stability of the whole series. In contrast, the nine‐membered spirolactam 14 represents a scaffold with a high conformational flexibility.
Internal Noise Coherent Resonance for Mesoscopic Chemical Oscillations: A Fundamental Study
Authors: Hou Zhonghuai , Xiao Tie Jun , Xin Houwen 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe effect of internal noise for a mesoscopic chemical oscillator is studied analytically in a parameter region outside, but close to, the supercritical Hopf bifurcation. By normal form calculation and a stochastic averaging procedure, we obtain stochastic differential equations for the oscillation amplitude r and phase θ that is solvable. Noise‐induced oscillation and internal noise coherent resonance, which has been observed in many numerical experiments, are reproduced well by the theory.
how functions in leg development during Drosophila metamorphosis
Authors: Fortier Tina M. , Chatterjee Runa , Klinedinst Susan , Baehrecke Eric H. , Woodard Craig T. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe Drosophila how gene encodes a KH RNA binding protein with strong similarity to GLD‐1 from nematodes and QK1 from mice. Here, we investigate the function of how during metamorphosis. We show that how RNA and protein are present in a variety of tissues, and phenotypic analyses of how mutants reveal multiple lethal phases and defects during metamorphosis. In addition to previously reported abnormalities in muscle and wing development, how mutants exhibit defects in leg development. how mutant leg imaginal discs undergo cell shape changes associated with elongation, but are oriented improperly, do not evert normally, and often remain incased in peripodial epithelium longer than normal. Consequently, how mutants exhibit short, crooked legs. Our findings suggest that how functions in interactions between imaginal epithelium, peripodial epithelium, and larval epidermal cells during imaginal disc eversion. Developmental Dynamics 235:2248–2259, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coordination and Reduction of HMPA in the Lithiation of (S)‐N‐(α‐Methylbenzyl)allylamine: Crystal Structures of {(S)‐α‐[PhC(H)CH3](CH2CH=CH2)NLi·HMPA}2 and [(Me2N)2POLi]6
Authors: Andrews Philip C. , Minopoulos Magdaline , Roberston Evan G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMonolithiation of the chiral amine (S)‐N‐(α‐methylbenzyl)allylamine, in the presence of the strong Lewis donor solvent hexamethylphoshoramide (HMPA), results in pale yellow crystals which have been crystallographically analysed revealing the structure of the complex to be an asymmetriccisoid dimer {(S)‐α‐[PhC(H)CH3](CH2CH=CH2)NLi·HMPA}2. Variable‐temperature NMR studies show this complex can undergo a thermally induced rearrangement to a 1‐azaallyl complex at ca. 90 °C. Attempted dilithiation of the chiral amine at the N and vinylic C centres with nBuLi and HMPA results in competitive reduction of HMPA to give crystals of the lithium dimethylamidophosphite, structurally authenticated as the hexamer [(Me2N)2POLi]6, in which the Li cation is bonded preferentially to the O centre and not P. The effect is a reduction in the oxidation state of the P centre from (V) to (III), which is supported by ab initio calculations showing the crystal structure to represent the most thermodynamically stable of the possible isomers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Intra–Intermolecular Criss‐cross Cycloaddition of Nonsymmetrical Allenylazines with Fluorinated Enones as an Initial Step in the Synthesis of4H‐Pyrrolo[1,2‐b]pyrazoles
Authors: Man Stanislav , Nečas Marek , Bouillon Jean‐Philippe , Portella Charles , Potáček Milan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractNonsymmetrical allenylazines undergo, in boiling xylene, intramolecular cycloaddition by forming an unstable 1,3‐dipole that reacts with an added dipolarophile. In this paper we report the first intra–intermolecular criss‐cross cycloaddition with a fluorinated enone. Although the expected products with three fused heterocycles were not isolated, new bicyclic products were found and characterized. These compounds are formed by a spontaneous transformation involving fluorine atom migration and hydrogen fluoride elimination. A mechanism of the reaction is discussed to explain the formation of these new heterocycles. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A New Synthetic Route to Polyalkoxypyrimidines Based on the Reaction of Esters and Methyl Thiocyanate
Authors: Herrera Antonio , Martínez‐Alvarez Roberto , Ramiro Pedro , Almy John , Molero Dolores , Sánchez Angel 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe reaction of aliphatic esters with methyl thiocyanate and triflic anhydride affords substituted 4‐alkoxy‐2,6‐bis(methylthio)pyrimidines with minor amounts of substituted S‐methyl N‐alkanoylthiocarbamates. The structure of the starting ester appears to determine the ratio of final products. Methylthio groups on the pyrimidine ring can be easily converted into methylsulfonyl groups by oxidation. Controlled substitution of one or both methylsulfonyl groups leads to the formation of aminodialkoxy‐ and trialkoxypyrimidines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A universal and rapid protocol for protein extraction from recalcitrant plant tissues for proteomic analysis
Authors: Wang Wei , Vignani Rita , Scali Monica , Cresti Mauro 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA simple and universally applicable protocol for extracting high‐quality proteins from recalcitrant plant tissues is described. We have used the protocol with no modification, for a wide range of leaves and fruits. In all cases, this protocol allows to obtain good electrophoretic separation of proteins. As the protocol is rapid, universal, and compatible with silver staining, it could be used for routine protein extraction from recalcitrant plant tissues for proteomic analysis.
Chiral MEKC‐LIF of amino acids in foods: Analysis of vinegars
Authors: Carlavilla Davinia , Moreno‐Arribas M. Victoria , Fanali Salvatore , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe formation of D‐amino acids (D‐aa's) in many fermented foods depends, among other factors, on the particular fermentation conditions, the action and autolysis of the microorganisms involved. In this sense, the analysis of chiral amino acids is an interesting analytical strategy for food scientists, since these compounds can be used as bacterial markers and can help, e.g., to detect adulterations, microbiological contaminations, etc. In this work, a fast and sensitive method based on MEKC‐LIF has been developed to analyze and quantitate L‐amino acid (L‐aa) and D‐aa in vinegars. The chiral MEKC‐LIF procedure uses 100 mM sodium tetraborate, 30 mM SDS, and 20 mM β‐CD at pH 9.7 as running buffer, obtaining a good separation of the main vinegar L‐/D‐aa previously derivatized with fluorescein isothiocianate. Namely, L/D proline, alanine, arginine, glutamic, and aspartic acid, plus the nonchiral amino acid γ‐aminobutyric acid are separated in less than 20 min with high efficiency (up to 720 000 plates/m) and good sensitivity (LODs lower than 16.6 nM were achieved). Several D‐aa's were detected and quantified in balsamic, sherry, white wine, and cider vinegars using this MEKC‐LIF procedure, observing interesting differences in their L‐aa and D‐aa profiles and contents.
Intraspecific chemical variability and highlighting of chemotypes of leaf essential oils from Ravensara aromatica Sonnerat, a tree endemic to Madagascar
Authors: Andrianoelisoa Hanitriniaina Sahondra , Menut Chantal , de Chatelperron Philippe Collas , Saracco Jérôme , Ramanoelina Panja , Danthu Pascal 
Published: May 2006

AbstractRavensara aromatica Sonnerat is a tree endemic to Madagascar. The essential oil extracted from the leaves is used in aromatherapy. Previous chemical studies have generated some confusion with regard to the chemical composition of this essential oil. In order to eliminate this uncertainty, we undertook a systematic evaluation of the chemical composition of essential oils from leaves of this species. The study focused on 28 individual samples formally identified as R. aromatica. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC–MS. It was possible to distinguish four groups of trees through principal components analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis of the seven chief molecules identified in their essential oils. Two groups were characterized by a prevalence of compounds with an aromatic structure: methyl chavicol (representing more than 90% of the essential oil) in the first group and methyl eugenol (74–82%) in the second group. The predominant compounds of the other two groups proved to be of the monoterpenic type: α‐terpinene (25–28%) and limonene (15–22%) in the third group, while sabinene (25–34%), linalool (7–21%) and terpinen‐4‐ol (6–12%) were the primary constituents of the essential oils in the fourth group. The importance of these results for the commercial production of the essential oils from this species is discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular diagnostic methods in the diagnosis and follow‐up of well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Rodrigo Juan Pablo , Rinaldo Alessandra , Devaney Kenneth O. , Shaha Ashok R. , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThyroid cancers are the most common endocrine malignancies and are being diagnosed with increased frequency in modern clinical practice. Among other diagnostic modalities, fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of clinically suspicious thyroid nodules is becoming increasingly popular. Preliminary investigations have suggested that molecular diagnostic assays using tumor‐specific markers may improve the sensitivity and accuracy of FNA and so may be expected to reduce the frequency of open surgical procedures by identifying those patients with demonstrably benign lesions who do not require definitive surgical excision of their lesions for diagnosis. At the same time, thyroid‐specific mRNA assays (especially thyroglobulin mRNA testing) have been used by investigators in the postoperative follow‐up of patients with thyroid cancer as a potential means of detecting tumor recurrence in the peripheral blood. Although these studies have not all reported unqualified successes—indeed, some problems based on both technical and biologic limitations have been identified—these assays still hold out the possibility that potentially important new advances in the management of patients with well‐differentiated thyroid cancer may be offered by these and other molecular diagnostic methods. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Cost analysis for the degradation of highly concentrated textile dye wastewater with chemical oxidation H2O2/UV and biological treatment
Authors: El‐Dein Abdalla Mohey , Libra Judy , Wiesmann Udo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe efficiency and cost‐effectiveness of H2O2/UV for the complete decolorization and mineralization of wastewater containing high concentrations of the textile dye Reactive Black 5 was examined. Oxidation until decolorization removed 200–300 mg g−1 of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The specific energy consumption was dependent on the initial dye concentration: the higher concentration required a lower specific energy input on a weight basis (160 W h g−1 RB5 for 2.1 g L−1 versus 354 W h g−1 RB5 for 0.5 g L−1). Biodegradable compounds were formed, so that DOC removal could be increased by 30% in a following biological stage. However, in order to attain 800 mg g−1 overall mineralization, 500 mg g−1 of the DOC had to be oxidized in the H2O2/UV stage. A cost analysis showed that although the capital costs are much less for a H2O2/UV stage compared to ozonation, the operating costs are almost double those of ozonation. Thus, while H2O2/UV can compete with ozonation when the treatment goal only requires decolorization, ozonation is more cost‐effective in this case when mineralization is desired. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry