bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the traditional microscope for mineral grain orientation determination: A prototype image analysis pipeline for optic‐axis mapping (POAM)
Authors: Acevedo Zamora Marco Andres , Schrank Christoph Eckart , Kamber Balz Samuel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper reports on the development of an open‐source image analysis software ‘pipeline’ dedicated to petrographic microscopy. Using conventional rock thin sections and images from a standard polarising microscope, the pipeline can classify minerals and subgrains into objects and obtain information about optic‐axis orientation. Five metamorphic rocks were chosen to test and illustrate the method. Thin sections were imaged using reflected and cross‐ and plane‐polarised transmitted light. Images were taken at different angles of the polariser and analyser (360° with 10° steps), both with and without the full‐lambda plate. The resulting image stacks were analysed with a modular pipeline for optic‐axis mapping (POAM). POAM consists of external and internal software packages that register, segment, classify, and interpret the visible light spectra using object‐based image analysis (OBIAS). The mapped fields‐of‐view and grain orientation stereonets of interest are presented in the context of whole‐slide images.Two innovations are reported. First, we used hierarchical tree region merging on blended multimodal images to classify individual grains of rock‐forming minerals into objects. Second, we assembled a new optical mineralogy algorithm chain that identifies the mineral slow axis orientation. The c‐axis orientation results were verified with scanning electron microscopy electron backscattered diffraction (SEM‐EBSD) data. For quartz (uniaxial) in a granite mylonite the test yielded excellent correspondence of c‐axis azimuth and good agreement for inclination. For orthorhombic orthopyroxene in a deformed garnet harzburgite, POAM produced acceptable results for slow axis azimuth. In addition, the method identified slight anisotropy in garnet that would not be appreciated by traditional microscopy.We propose that our method is ideally suited for two commonly performed tasks in mineralogy. First, for mineral grain classification of entire thin sections scans on blended images to provide automated modal abundance estimates and grain size distribution. Second, for prospective fields of view of interest, POAM can rapidly generate slow axis crystal orientation maps from multiangle image stacks on conventionally prepared thin sections for targeting detailed SEM‐EBSD studies.
Measuring “Dark Matter” in Asset Pricing Models
Authors: CHEN HUI , DOU WINSTON WEI , KOGAN LEONID 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTWe formalize the concept of “dark matter” in asset pricing models by quantifying the additional informativeness of cross‐equation restrictions about fundamental dynamics. The dark‐matter measure captures the degree of fragility for models that are potentially misspecified and unstable: a large dark‐matter measure indicates that the model lacks internal refutability (weak power of optimal specification tests) and external validity (high overfitting tendency and poor out‐of‐sample fit). The measure can be computed at low cost even for complex dynamic structural models. To illustrate its applications, we provide quantitative examples applying the measure to (time‐varying) rare‐disaster risk and long‐run risk models.
A clinic doctor transferring a patient as a coauthor of a case report: A preliminary study
Authors: Matsubara Shigeki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimContribution to the authorship, including that for case reports, should be appropriately evaluated. I have noticed a scarcity of case reports with clinic doctors listed as coauthors, prompting this investigation. I sought to offer suggestions on the possible reasons for this trend.MethodsI checked case reports published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, the Journal of Medical Case Reports, and the BMJ Case Reports. I identified case reports listing a clinic doctor as a coauthor. I consulted eight professors at Jichi Medical University to ascertain whether case reports from their departments included clinic doctors as coauthors and, if not, the reasons.ResultsAmong 65 case reports from Japanese institutes published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, only one paper lists a clinic doctor as a coauthor. Of 100 and 50 papers published in the Journal of Medical Case Reports and BMJ Case Reports, respectively, none listed a clinic doctor as a coauthor. Six out of eight professors admitted to never considering the idea of including clinic doctors as coauthors.ConclusionsThe scarcity of case reports with clinic doctors as coauthors extends beyond Japanese obstetrics and gynecology, encompassing various specialties worldwide. Center doctors do not think of the idea that a clinic doctor should be a coauthor. A clinic doctor who transferred the patient should be considered as a candidate coauthor depending on his/her scientific contribution. Such an approach could foster an environment encouraging doctors to contribute to academic writing, regardless of their workplace.
Health information in short videos about metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease: Analysing quality and reliability
Authors: Ding Ruihao , Kong Qingzhou , Sun Longfei , Liu Xuyan , Xu Leiqi , Li Yueyue , Zuo Xiuli , Li Yanqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground & AimsShort videos, crucial for disseminating health information on metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), lack a clear evaluation of quality and reliability. This study aimed to assess the quality and reliability of MASLD‐related videos on Chinese platforms.MethodsVideo samples were collected from three platforms (TikTok, Kwai and Bilibili) during the period from November 2019 to July 2023. Two independent reviewers evaluated the integrity of the information contained therein by scoring six key aspects of its content: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, outcomes, diagnosis and treatment. The quality and reliability of the videos were assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) criteria, the Global Quality Score (GQS) and the modified DISCERN score.ResultsA total of 198 videos were included. The video content exhibited an overall unsatisfactory quality, with a primary emphasis on risk factors and treatment, while diagnosis and epidemiology were seldom addressed. Regarding the sources of the videos, the GQS and modified DISCERN scores varied significantly between the platforms (p = .003), although they had generally similar JAMA scores (p = .251). Videos created by medical professionals differed significantly in terms of JAMA scores (p = .046) compared to those created by nonmedical professionals, but there were no statistically significant differences in GQS (p = .923) or modified DISCERN scores (p = .317).ConclusionsThe overall quality and reliability of the videos were poor and varied between platforms and uploaders. Platforms and healthcare professionals should strive to provide more reliable health‐related information regarding MASLD.
Mortality risk in infants receiving therapeutic care for malnutrition: A secondary analysis
Authors: Mahmud Imteaz , Guesdon Benjamin , Kerac Marko , Grijalva‐Eternod Carlos S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSmall and nutritionally at‐risk infants aged under 6 months (<6 months) are at high risk of death, but important evidence gaps exist on how to best identify them. We aimed to determine associations between anthropometric deficits and mortality among infants <6 months admitted to inpatient therapeutic care. A secondary analysis of 2002–2008 data included 5034 infants aged <6 months from 12 countries. We estimated the prevalence, concurrence, and severity of wasted, stunted, and underweight, as stand‐alone indicators, and using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF), which combines these indicators into six subgroups of single and multiple anthropometric deficits and into one combined indicator called CIAF. We used logistic regression to examine the association of different anthropometric deficits with in‐programme mortality. Among 3692 infants aged <6 months with complete data, 3539 (95.8%) were underweight, 3058 (82.8%) were wasted, 2875 (77.8%) were stunted and 3575 (96.8%) had CIAF. Infants with multiple anthropometric deficits were presented with significantly lower anthropometric indices, that is, they were more severely wasted, stunted and underweight. A total of 141 infants died during inpatient therapeutic care. Among these, severely wasted (116) and severely underweight (138) infants had higher odds of mortality than normal infants (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–2.7, p = 0.009, and OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 0.8–13.6, p = 0.09, respectively). Boys had higher odds of inpatient mortality than girls (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02–1.92, p = 0.03). Mortality was only observed in infants <6 months presenting multiple anthropometric deficits, although their odds of mortality were not significant, for example, OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 0.5–10.0, p = 0.21 for stunted, wasted and underweight infants <6 months. In conclusion, multiple anthropometric deficits (CIAF) is common among infants <6 months and may be reported in nutrition care programmes and surveys. Both weight‐for‐length/height z‐score and weight‐for‐age z‐score were found to be useful indicators for programme admission and in‐programme prognosis. Future work needs to explore which better accounts for admission bias. Boys appear to be most at‐risk of dying while receiving malnutrition therapeutic care. Programmes should ensure that all infants receive timely, evidence‐based, effective care.
A controllable generative model for generating pavement crack images in complex scenes
Authors: Zhang Hancheng , Qian Zhendong , Zhou Wei , Min Yitong , Liu Pengfei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExisting crack recognition methods based on deep learning often face difficulties when detecting cracks in complex scenes such as brake marks, water marks, and shadows. The inadequate amount of available data can be primarily attributed to this factor. To address this issue, a controllable generative model of pavement cracks is proposed that can generate crack images in complex scenes by leveraging background images and crack mask images. The proposed model, the crack diffusion model (CDM), is based on the diffusion model network, which enables better control over the position and morphology of cracks by adjusting the conditional input of cracks. Experiments show that CDM has several advantages, including high definition, controllability, and sensitivity to narrow cracks. Utilizing CDM to create a synthetic crack data set in complex scenes resulted in substantial improvements of crack detection and segmentation. The method proposed in this study can effectively alleviate the effort required for data acquisition and labeling, especially in complex scenes.
Excavating Whiteness in the African Archive: The Story of Amandus Johnson's 1920s Expedition to Angola for the Penn Museum
Authors: Scott Monique 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs we further seek to “decolonize” museum images of Africa, the museum archives of African Collections—the correspondence, ledgers, diaries, photographs, and other documents of White explorers working in Africa—suture the colonial practices that produced ways of seeing Africa—and Blackness more broadly—back onto the objects that museums maintain and display today. As increasing scholarly attention seeks to rectify the anti‐Black colonial violence of the archive, this research aims to situate the pedestrian colonial ethnographic practices and spectacular African explorer mythmaking found in museum archives within the foundation of museum anthropology and the museum itself. It also looks to the possibilities of contemporary museum practice to reframe and repair colonial museum constructions of Africa.
From cyanobacteria and cyanophages to chloroplasts: the fate of the genomes of oxyphototrophs and the genes encoding photosystem II proteins
Authors: Ślesak Ireneusz , Ślesak Halina 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Chloroplasts are the result of endosymbiosis of cyanobacterial organisms with proto‐eukaryotes. The psbA, psbD and psbO genes are present in all oxyphototrophs and encode the D1/D2 proteins of photosystem II (PSII) and PsbO, respectively. PsbO is a peripheral protein that stabilizes the O2‐evolving complex in PSII. Of these genes, psbA and psbD remained in the chloroplastic genome, while psbO was transferred to the nucleus.

The genomes of selected cyanobacteria, chloroplasts and cyanophages carrying psbA and psbD, respectively, were analysed.

The highest density of genes and coding sequences (CDSs) was estimated for the genomes of cyanophages, cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. The synonymous mutation rate (rS) of psbA and psbD in chloroplasts remained almost unchanged and is lower than that of psbO.

The results indicate that the decreasing genome size in chloroplasts is more similar to the genome reduction observed in contemporary endosymbiotic organisms than in streamlined genomes of free‐living cyanobacteria. The rS of atpA, which encodes the α‐subunit of ATP synthase in chloroplasts, suggests that psbA and psbD, and to a lesser extent psbO, are ancient and conservative and arose early in the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. The role of cyanophages in the evolution of oxyphototrophs and chloroplastic genomes is discussed.
Should the Fiscal Authority Avoid Implementation Lag?
Authors: Eguchi Masataka , Niwa Hidekazu , Tsuruga Takayuki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImplementation lags are a concern of policymakers as they may reduce the efficacy of fiscal policy. Using a standard New Keynesian model with an effective lower bound on the nominal interest rate, we compare the impacts of fiscal stimulus on output across various lengths of implementation lag. We show that despite concerns among policymakers, implementation lags may enhance the efficacy of government purchases on output when the economy is caught in a liquidity trap.
A review of animal models for burning mouth syndrome: Mechanistic insights and knowledge gaps
Authors: Sangalli Linda , Prakapenka Alesia V. , Chaurasia Akhilanand , Miller Craig S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe underlying mechanisms of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) remain unclear leading to challenges and unsatisfactory management. Current treatments focus primarily on symptom relief, with few consistently achieving a 50% reduction in pain. This review aims to explore animal models of BMS to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and to discuss potential and existing knowledge gaps.MethodsA comprehensive review of PubMed®, Google Scholar, and Scopus was performed to assess advances and significant gaps of existing rodent models that mimic BMS‐related symptoms.ResultsRodent models of BMS involve reproduction of dry‐tongue, chorda tympani transection, or overexpression of artemin protein. Existing preclinical models tend to highlight one specific etiopathogenesis and often overlook sex‐ and hormone‐specific factors.ConclusionCombining aspects from various BMS models could prove beneficial in developing comprehensive experimental designs and outcomes encompassing the multifaceted nature of BMS.
Refitting contact lens dropouts into a modern daily disposable contact lens
Authors: Lievens Chris , Pucker Andrew D. , Rayborn Elyse , Kannarr Shane , Bickle Katherine , Hogan Catherine , Franklin Quentin X. , Christensen Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo determine the number of previous contact lens (CL) wearers who could be comfortably refitted into delefilcon A (DAILIES TOTAL1®) CLs.MethodsThis was a 6‐month, three‐visit study that recruited subjects who discontinued CLs within the past 2 years because of discomfort or dryness symptoms. Subjects were required to have Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire scores ≤3 and to be able to wear spherical study CLs. Subjects were asked to complete a ±50 comfort visual analogue scale (VAS) at 1 month and a Likert questionnaire after 1 and 6 months of CL wear to understand the subjects' CL experience.ResultsAll 60 subjects who were fitted with the study CLs were still wearing them after 1 month, while one subject had dropped out by 6 months. Subjects had a median (interquartile range) age of 24.0 (7.0) years (71.7% female). They reported a median VAS score of 44.0 (8.0) units at the 1‐month visit, with all reporting a comfortable score. At the 1‐month/6‐month visits, 98.3%/93.2%, 86.5%/78.0% and 93.2%/91.5% of subjects responded that they were very satisfied or satisfied with their vision, their end‐of‐day CL comfort and overall CL comfort, respectively. The same subjects responded that they were very likely or likely to continue to wear the study CLs at 1 (89.6%) and 6 months (80.7%) and to recommend the study CLs to a friend at 1 (98.3%) and 6 months (93.2%).ConclusionsThe results suggest that when encountering a CL dropout, a practitioner could educate a patient about trying an alternative CL and consider delefilcon A lenses as an option.
Design and Biomechanical Finite Element Analysis of Spatial Weaving Infracalcaneal Fixator System
Authors: Zhang Yong , Weng Qiuyan , Chen Jianming , Yang Yunfeng 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTraditional internal fixation of calcaneus fractures, involving lateral L‐shaped incisions and plate fixation, has disadvantages such as increased operative exposure, eccentric plate fixation, and complications. The aim of this study was to design a Spatial Weaving Intra‐calcaneal Fixator System (SWIFS) for the treatment of complex calcaneal fractures and to compare its biomechanical properties with those of traditional calcaneal plates.MethodsThe computed tomography (CT) data of the normal adult calcaneus was used for modeling, and the largest trapezoidal column structure was cut and separated from the model and related parameters were measured. The SWIFS was designed within the target trapezoid, according to the characteristics of the fracture of the calcaneus. The Sanders model classification type IV calcaneal fracture was established in finite element software, and fixation with calcaneal plate and the SWIFS examined. Overall structural strength distribution and displacement in the two groups were compared.ResultsThe maximum 3D trapezoidal column in the calcaneus was constructed, and the dimensions were measured. The SWIFS and the corresponding guide device were successfully designed. In the one‐legged erect position state, the SWIFS group exhibited a peak von Mises equivalent stress of 96.00 MPa, a maximum displacement of 0.31 mm, and a structural stiffness of 2258.06 N/mm. The conventional calcaneal plate showed a peak von Mises equivalent stress of 228.66 Mpa, a maximum displacement of 1.26 mm, and a structural stiffness of 555.56 N/mm. The SWIFS group exhibited a 75.40% decrease in displacement and a 306.45% increase in stiffness.ConclusionCompared with fixation by conventional calcaneal plate, the SWIFS provides better structural stability and effective stress distribution.
High‐precision body mass predictors for small mammals: a case study in the Mesozoic
Authors: Huang E.J. , Wilson Jacob D. , Bhullar Bhart‐Anjan S. , Bever Gabriel S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBody mass is a pivotal quantity in palaeobiology but must be inferred from an imperfect fossil record. We analyse the performance of regression models derived from various dentoskeletal predictors in mammals to inform fossils from the early, Mesozoic history of this radiation. Our focus is on the critical small end of the size spectrum; critical because the earliest mammals were small, because small size persisted onto the stems of the major extant radiations, and because small mammals compose a large proportion of crown diversity. The sampling strategy is diverse in terms of both phylogeny and skeletal predictors: the former allows a general application, while the latter enables comparison of various models. Linear regressions based on extant small mammals indicate a universal correlation of body mass with observed measurements, but with clear differences in precision. Postcranial predictors outperform jaw and dental metrics, with certain femoral joint dimensions providing surprisingly precise predictions. Our results indicate complex patterns of size evolution within the small‐bodied category, including the possibility that multiple Mesozoic species approached the theoretical lower limit of mammalian body size. The ability to study such dynamics only becomes possible when predicting body mass within a strict, highly focused phylogenetic context. The heuristic value of the models we provide here is not limited to the Mesozoic but is applicable to small‐bodied mammals of any geologic age.
Introducing subplot in policy narratives: A structural narrative analysis of the debate over the Pebble Mine project in Bristol Bay in Alaska, United States
Authors: Angervil Gilvert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolicy narrative research focuses on one story/plot that forms narratives in policy controversies without attention to the subplot, picturing a reduced policy narrative structure. Subplots are studied in literary narratives as secondary plots to main plots and in terms of their structures, differences with, and similarities to plots, with both pursuing individual objectives toward common goals. Subplots enhance policy narratives’ structures through enlargement and enrichment. Neglecting the subplot impedes knowledge about their contributions and potentially limits narrative analyses. This article introduces the subplot in policy narratives through a descriptive account, proposes an expanded structural definition, and structurally analyzes the policy narratives in the debate over a mining project in Bristol Bay, Alaska, United States. The opposing narrative's plot is cultural with political, legal, and environmental subplots, while the supporting narrative's plot is developmental with legal and political subplots. The study offers perspectives for advancing subplot research and narrative policy analysis.Related ArticlesBrekken, Katheryn C., and Vanessa M. Fenley. 2021. “Part of the Narrative: Generic News Frames in the U.S. Recreational Marijuana Policy Subsystem.” Politics & Policy 49(1): 6–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12388.Chang, Katherine T., and Elizabeth A. Koebele. 2020. “What Drives Coalitions’ Narrative Strategy? Exploring Policy Narratives around School Choice.” Politics & Policy 48(4): 618–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12367.Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narrative on Public Opinion.” Politics & Policy 39(3): 373–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00295.x.
N‐fold Darboux transformation of the discrete PT‐symmetric nonlinear Schrödinger equation and new soliton solutions over the nonzero background
Authors: Xu Tao , An Li‐Cong , Li Min , Xu Chuan‐Xin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor the discrete PT‐symmetric nonlinear Schrödinger (dPTNLS) equation, this paper gives a rigorous proof of the N‐fold Darboux transformation (DT) and especially verifies the PT‐symmetric relation between transformed potentials in the Lax pair. Meanwhile, some determinant identities are developed in completing the proof. When the tanh‐function solution is directly selected as a seed for the focusing case, the onefold DT yields a three‐soliton solution that exhibits the solitonic behavior with a wide range of parameter regimes. Moreover, it is shown that the solution contains three pairs of asymptotic solitons, and that each asymptotic soliton can display both the dark and antidark soliton profiles or vanish as . It indicates that the focusing dPTNLS equation admits a rich variety of soliton interactions over the nonzero background, behaving like those in the continuous counterpart.