bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Binary Liquid Mixtures of 1-Hexanol with Hexadecane and Squalane at 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K
Authors: Dubey Gyan P. , Sharma Monika 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Excess molar volumes, V

m

E
, viscosity deviations, Δη, excess molar isentropic compressibility, K

E

S,m
, deviation of the speeds of sound, u

D
, from their ideal values u

id
in an ideal mixture for binary mixtures of 1-hexanol, C6H13OH with hexadecane, C16H34 and squalane (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane), C30H62 at T = (298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K and at atmospheric pressure were derived from experimental density, ρ, viscosity, η and speed of sound data, u. The calculated excess and deviation functions were further fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP) theory has been applied to analyze V

m

E
of these systems and theoretical values of thermal expansivity, α, has also been calculated using Flory theory. Furthermore, the apparent molar volumes, V¯ϕ,i0 and apparent molar compressibility, K¯ϕ,i0 of the components at infinite dilution have been calculated.
Elaboration and Physico-Chemical Characterizations of the Series of Nanomaterials: Lithium-Substituted NASICONS with General Formula Li3.2Zr2-y
Si2.2–4y
P0.8+4y
O12 where (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.55)
Authors: Belam W. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The series of nanomaterials: lithium-substituted NASICONS with general formula Li3.2Zr2-ySi2.2–4y
P0.8+4y
O12 where 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.55, was synthesized by the sol-gel method which consisted in calcining the preliminary precursors at temperatures higher than their crystallization temperatures. The dried powders, at 373 K, of the five preliminary precursors were analyzed by coupled DTA-TGA in order to determine their crystallization temperatures and therefore leading to the estimation of their calcined temperatures. The calcined powders have been characterized by physico-chemical techniques: XRD and CIS. The XRD analyses show the obtaining of only the single phase without any detection of other phases as: ZrO2, SiO2, Li2O, ZrSiO4, Li3PO4, Li2SiO3 or Li2ZrO3, according to their JCPDS file cards and suggest that the decrease in the zirconium concentration does not modify the stability of the lithium-substituted NASICONS, whereas the complex impedance spectroscopy results have highlighted the best total electric conductivity for y value equal to 0.55.
Wetting of Sapphire by a Supercooled Silicon Droplet
Authors: Braun A. M. , Becker V. , Govori B. , Alphei L. , Gesing Thorsten M. , Buhl J.-Ch. , Becker J. A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
A small piece of silicon was melted in vacuum in a high precision spherical depression of a heated (0001) oriented sapphire substrate. The droplet was observed from above by use of a microscope equipped with a CMOS video camera. Above the melting point (1687 K) it exhibited small but rapid breathing mode fluctuations. The frequency of these fluctuations could be slowed down by supercooling the droplet to about 80 K below the melting temperature, allowing a detailed study of the effect. An unusual contour structure with a threefold rotation symmetry was observed, when the droplet had spread to its maximum contour diameter. This pattern can be related to the ditrigonal-scalenohedral 3¯m symmetry of the sapphire crystal.
Frequent Unanticipated Alleles of lethal giant larvae in Drosophila Second Chromosome Stocks
Authors: Roegiers Fabrice , Kavaler Joshua , Tolwinski Nicholas , Chou Yu-Ting , Duan Hong , Bejarano Fernando , Zitserman Diana , Lai Eric C 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Forty years ago, a high frequency of lethal giant larvae (lgl) alleles in wild populations of Drosophila melanogaster was reported. This locus has been intensively studied for its roles in epithelial polarity, asymmetric neural divisions, and restriction of tissue proliferation. Here, we identify a high frequency of lgl alleles in the Bloomington second chromosome deficiency kit and the University of California at Los Angeles Bruinfly FRT40A-lethal P collection. These unrecognized aberrations confound the use of these workhorse collections for phenotypic screening or genetic mapping. In addition, we determined that independent alleles of insensitive, reported to affect asymmetric cell divisions during sensory organ development, carry lgl deletions that are responsible for the observed phenotypes. Taken together, these results encourage the routine testing of second chromosome stocks for second-site alleles of lgl.
IT Governance in Romania: A Case Study
Authors: Gheorghe Mirela , Nastase Pavel , Boldeanu Dana , Ofelia Aleca 
Published: March 2009

Relatively new in Romania, IT governance is defined as procedures and policies established in order to assure that the IT system of an organization sustains its goals and strategies. This bundle of policies and procedures, following the best practices in the area, intends to guide and control the IT function in order to add value to the organization and to minimize IT risks. The purpose of the research is to identify the measure in which the IT governance practices are implemented to the level of the financial institutions in Romania. The goal of this paper is a comparative analysis for implementing IT governance using data offered by the IT Governance Institute. This institute makes every year a study (IT Governance Global Status Report – 2006) to determine a sense of priorities and to develop actions for implementing IT governance, using data which acknowledges once more the need for all organizations to have tools and services to assure an efficient IT governance. In this way, the research will analyze, in the field of Romanian financial institutions, the most serious IT problems pointed out by the respondents from the last year, the most efficient measures considered by top management for resolving problems pointed out, the best used practices in IT governance and the most used frameworks for implementing IT governance practices.
The inside outside intersection problem for hexagon triple systems
Authors: Lindner C. , Meszka M. , Pettis C. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
We give a complete solution of the following two problems:
(1)For which (n, x) does there exist a pair of hexagon triple systems of order n having x inside triples in common?(2)For which (n, x) does there exist a pair of hexagon triple systems having x outside triples in common?
The number of edges of radius-invariant graphs
Authors: Vacek Ondrej 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The eccentricity e(υ) of vertex υ is defined as a distance to a farthest vertex from υ. The radius of a graph G is defined as r(G) = $$
\mathop {\min }\limits_{u \in V(G)}
$$ {e(u)}. We consider properties of unchanging the radius of a graph under two different situations: deleting an arbitrary edge and deleting an arbitrary vertex. This paper gives the upper bounds for the number of edges in such graphs.
On a relative uniform completion of an archimedean lattice ordered group
Authors: Černák Štefan , Lihová Judita 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The notion of a relatively uniform convergence (ru-convergence) has been used first in vector lattices and then in Archimedean lattice ordered groups.
Let G be an Archimedean lattice ordered group. In the present paper, a relative uniform completion (ru-completion) $$
G_{\omega _1 }
$$ of G is dealt with. It is known that $$
G_{\omega _1 }
$$ exists and it is uniquely determined up to isomorphisms over G. The ru-completion of a finite direct product and of a completely subdirect product are established. We examine also whether certain properties of G remain valid in $$
G_{\omega _1 }
$$. Finally, we are interested in the existence of a greatest convex l-subgroup of G, which is complete with respect to ru-convergence.
Imaging Through Gas Using 4-Component, 3D Seismic Data: A Case Study From The Lomond Field
Authors: Probert T. , Robinson J.P. , Ronen S. , Hoare R. , Pope D. , Kommedal J. , Crook H. , Law A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Imaging sub gas has been shown to be a robust application of 4-componentseabed seismic. We review the acquisition and processing of an orthogonal(source lines perpendicular to receiver lines) 4-component 3D survey over the Lomond Field in the North Sea. The geophysical objectives were to improve theimaging of faults and the crest of the structure under the gas cloud, where theconventional seismic is distorted.
Conventional streamers record only the pressure waves and suffer from verylow signal/noise ratio and pull-down under the gas cloud. It is recognized thatconverted shear waves are largely unaffected by fluids and the success ofearlier 2D lines e.g. Tommeliten (Berg et al.1) provided some of the motivationfor acquiring the 3D Lomond survey.
A multi-component cable system was laid on the seabed to record bothpressure and converted wave data in a cross spread geometry. In total, fivepairs of cables were laid giving a seabed footprint of 36 sq.km. The cablesystem uses array's of hydrophones with 3 orthogonal velocity sensors.
In processing, the hydrophone and vertical velocity sensor are summed togive an improved result. The horizontal velocity components are rotated intoradial and transverse components and the radial data is processed as aconverted shear wave. Multi-component methods have been developed, including NMO, DMO and binning, to improve converted wave processing. The orthogonalgeometry records ray-paths from all azimuths presenting some challenges toprocessing.
Processed results will contrast the final migrated pressure wave andconverted wave images. The first shows good imaging of the steep flanksegments, distortion under the gas-invaded zone and poor event continuity inthe crestal feature. The second shows similar structure and good continuityunder the gas.

Introduction to the Lomond 4C Project
The use of 4-component seismic to solve the problem of imaging beneath gaszones has been shown to be a robust application. However orthogonally acquireddata presents some new challenges to processing.
Conventional seismic records pressure waves (or Primary waves), the seabedsystem can also record transverse shear waves (or Secondary waves), these arecommonly called P-waves and PS-waves.
Norwegian Deepwater Program: Analysis of Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Marine Risers Based on Full-Scale Measurements
Authors: Kaasen Karl E. , Lie Halvor , Solaas Froydis , Vandiver J. Kim 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
As a part of the Norwegian Deepwater Program (NDP) three drilling risershave been instrumented with accelerometers and rotation-rate meters formeasurement of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). In addition, current wasmeasured at number of depths. The paper describes how the riser displacementswere derived from the measurements and compared with the current. A major taskhas been to rid the acceleration measurements of the influence of gravity dueto the riser's rotations out of the vertical and include the measurements ofangular motion in a consistent way. This has been done using modaldecomposition and a least-squares method to estimate the modal weights. Themain purpose of the work was to provide data for calibration of computerprograms for prediction of VIV. Examples of results are given.

Introduction
To design marine risers for use in deep waters it is important to be able topredict the character and amount of vortex-induced vibration the riser mayhave. In general VIV will be important with respect to fatigue as well as dragforces on the riser.
The VIV response of a marine riser is a complicated process involving boththe hydrodynamical and the structural properties of the riser. Model testinghas given valuable insight in VIV. Different types of experimenting have beendone, e.g. forced motion with rigid cylinders in a uniform flow (Ref. 1), spring-supported rigid cylinders in uniform flow (Ref 2) and scaled risermodels in uniform and sheared flows (Ref. 3). Ref. 4 gives a comprehensiveintroduction to the phenomenon of VIV in general, while Ref. 5 is an account ofthe state of art when it comes to VIV of marine risers.
Still, full-scale data are needed to verify VIV models at realistic Reynoldsnumbers and in realistic currents that vary with depth. The task of obtainingdata by instrumentation and processing of the measurements is not trivial and, if done incorrectly, may lead to results of questionable value.
A Case of SI Attenuation in 4D Seismic Data Recorded With a Permanently Installed Array
Authors: Kommedal Jan H. , Semb Per Helge , Manning Ted 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
For seismic reservoir monitoring, interference noise from other seismic operations can cause either delays in data acquisition due to timesharing, or additional efforts to attenuate the seismic interference (SI) during processing. Here we present a method which takes advantage of the different shot interval and flexible recording length of the monitoring system, allowing efficient attenuation of the SI by adaptive subtraction. The method is successfully applied to multi-component 4D data.

Introduction
In 2003 a multi component geophone array was installed at the Valhall Field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, to allow acquisition of time lapse seismic for reservoir monitoring. Since then seven surveys have been acquired over the array as part of the Valhall Life of Field Seismic (LoFS) project.
To get optimum data quality it is important to minimize the effect of non-repeatable noise, such as rig activity or noise from other vessels working in the field, or from SI. To reduce the amount of SI in the data will in many cases mean delaying the acquisiton by having to set up a time sharing agreement with a competing seismic operation. And if the data has to be collected within a given time window, time sharing may not be an option.
Experience from Valhall LoFS has shown that SI often presents a particular challenge due to the strength and duration of the interfering signal, and the method that we present here was triggered by an instance where we had a seismic streamer vessel operating only 20-40km west of Valhall while we were acquiring LoFS data. This situation was of course equally problematic for the streamer operation, and for the streamer operator, the SI from the LoFS shooting had to be handled during data processing. Manning et al. (2006) present an account of this and a list of different approaches that can be applied.
Here we will explain the method that was used for LoFS to mitigate the problem of excessive SI. (Table 1 - Amount of shot lines with SI for each LoFS survey.) Each full LoFS survey has about 50 000 shot points and covers an area of about 125 sq. km. The array itself covers 45 sq.km, for more details see Kommedal et al.(2004). As can be seen from table 1, which shows the amount of SI for each survey, only survey 4 was acquired without SI, but this could only be done at the cost of 10% added survey days due to time sharing. The strength of the SI varies, but it is typically about 30-40 microbar, the same range as vessel noise and noise from the rig. However, while the rig and vessel noise are most noticeable within a couple of hundred meters from their source, the SI is recorded on all receiver stations as it propagates across the survey area. In this part of the North Sea the water depth is relatively constant at about 70-80m, and so the water layer acts as a wave-guide, and the SI signal is a dispersive, ringing signal with strength depending on the distance to the source.
Bayesian Belief Networks
Authors: Neufeld Eric , Horsch Michael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBayesian belief networks (BBNs) originated in the 1980s during the course of a debate within the artificial intelligence community about the foundations of uncertain inference. BBNs efficiently store joint probability distributions by exploiting independence relations among variables. The same independencies make inference algorithms more efficient. As well, if the data are rich enough, it is possible to infer the structure of a BBN from raw data, which make BBNs useful for machine learning as well. The structure of BBNs has been given deep causal semantics, which makes BBNs useful for predicting the consequences of interventions.
Nuclear Reactor Instrumentation and Control Systems
Authors: Smidts Carol , Arndt Stephen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThree generations of nuclear reactor instrumentation and control systems have been installed consecutively in nuclear power plants. The first used analog technology for instrumentation and relay‐based equipment for control, the second used discrete or integrated solid‐state equipment for both functions, and the current generation uses digital equipment for both. Each generation of systems carries out the same basic functionalities, for example, the monitoring, control, and protection of critical plant parameters and equipment to ensure the safe and reliable functioning of the plant. The progressive shift toward digital systems has been driven by several factors, such as the aging of analog systems and their consequent degradation, the move of industry toward computerized systems, the lack of replacement parts, the added flexibility and enhanced features of digital systems such as self‐test and diagnostics, the ability to store and handle larger sets of data and thus obtain a better understanding of the plant status, and the fact that digital systems are free of drift and do not require recalibration and readjustment of the set points.The progressive shift to digital systems has led the nuclear community to a vibrant debate that centers on the development of an understanding of the side effects of such change. At the center of this debate is the need to understand the impact of introducing software as a major component of these systems. This article provides a brief description of nuclear reactor instrumentation and control systems, characterizes the software used, and discusses the issues raised.
Kernel‐Based Topographic Maps: Theory and Applications
Authors: Van Hulle Marc M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe self‐organizing map (SOM) algorithm, originally introduced by Teuvo Kohonen, has seen an incredible range of applications, especially because of its unique abilities to cluster and visualize high‐dimensional data. The data are projected onto a topographic map, a discrete lattice that locally approximates the data manifold. Several adaptations to the original concept have been introduced, but one that uses kernels to represent the local density of the manifold has received much attention. In this way, one expects that clusters in the data can be better visualized in the topographic map. For these kernel‐based topographic maps, kernel topographic maps, or probabilistic topographic maps, several learning principles have been proposed, mostly for Gaussian kernels. We review these learning algorithms, distinguish between homoscedastic and heteroscedastic Gaussian kernels with a focus on fixed point rules, and show some successful applications.
Specification Formalisms and Models
Authors: Wang Farn 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMany specification models are available in the industry, which range from natural languages, to pseudo code, to loose mathematical notations, and to formalisms with rigorous semantics. In this article, we first discuss the general challenges in writing proper specifications. We then discuss issues in choosing appropriate specification models for a system. Then, we briefly review several specification models, which include state machines, Petri nets, process algebras, temporal logics, guarded command languages, pseudo code, comments and assertions, VDM, Z, AMN, and message sequence charts. For each model, we also point to some available tools.
Spellchecker
Authors: Dembitz Šandor , Gledec Gordan , Randić Mirko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSpellchecking is a basic natural language‐processing capability that can be applied to a text. This article introduces the basic concepts of the field, presents a short history of early spellchecking, and elaborates the main research areas in the domain of proofing tool development. The proliferation of spellchecking into languages other than English is also described, as well as contemporary approaches to the implementation of spellchecking capabilities. The conclusion focuses on possible directions for development in the future.
Large‐Scale Group Collaboration Systems
Authors: Opyrchal Lukasz , Prakash Atul 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on current and emerging distributed platforms that support large‐scale collaboration. These platforms include centralized web‐based systems as well as distributed peer‐to‐peer applications. We describe different technologies used to build large‐scale systems, the trade‐offs each technology makes, and some existing systems.The rest of this article is organized as follows: The section “Types of Architectures” describes different types of distributed systems and how each can be used to build large scale collaborative environments. “Overview of Existing Systems” describes several existing systems with collaborative features. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the article and presents a look at possible future of collaborative systems.
Geometric Modeling in Computer Vision: An Introduction to Projective Geometry
Authors: Elias Rimon 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article surveys many fundamental aspects of projective geometry that have been used extensively in computer vision literature. Geometrical relationships are investigated when one, two, or more cameras are observing the scene. Camera parameters in terms of locations and orientations with respect to three dimensional (3D) space and with respect to other cameras create relationships that can be expressed mathematically. Expressing these relationships is the main focus of this article.
Theory and Algorithms of Perceptual Grouping
Authors: Salgian Andrea 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPerceptual grouping is the basic capability of the human brain to derive relevant structure without any prior content knowledge. This phenomenon has been described in the human visual system by Gestalt psychologists, and later, it was recognized by the computer vision community as a method for reducing the computational complexity of visual recognition. The article starts by introducing the laws of Gestalt, and it continues by describing how they are used to obtain perceptual grouping in computer vision. Different algorithms are presented for achieving perceptual grouping in two and three dimensions, at the signal, primitive, structural, and assembly levels. Spatiotemporal grouping is also discussed. The most successful computation techniques are described. Finally, a few methods for performance evaluation are also presented.
Algorithmic Music
Authors: Cope David 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Music algorithms are used in many ways, such as composition, analysis, performance, notation, and so on, wherever benefits result from applying a series of explicit instructions. Of these possibilities, the use of the term algorithmic music usually applies to algorithms used for composing and analyzing music. Composing algorithms have existed for centuries without the aid of computers. With the advent of computers, however, speed and accuracy have allowed composers the ability to accomplish feats they could only dream of in previous times. Algorithmic music analysis indicates many properties of music that intuitive analysis cannot reveal. As with algorithmic music composition, the advent of computers has driven music analysts to restudy music of all periods, a study that is still undergoing intense new scrutiny. Thus, algorithmic music composition and analysis share important distinctions that this article will define and address.