bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between delta‐like and proneural bHLH genes during chick retinal development
Authors: Nelson Branden R. , Reh Thomas A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNotch in the retina. Image was generated by rendering and rotating a confocal z‐stack taken from an embryonic chick retina transfected with Hes1GFP and constitutive RFP reporter plasmids that reveal Notch signaling activity in a subset of progenitor cells. See Nelson and Reh, Developmental Dynamics 237:1565–1580. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syntheses, Characterization, and Reactivities of (μ‐η2:η2‐Disulfido)dicopper(II) Complexes with N‐Alkylated cis,cis‐1,3,5‐Triaminocyclohexane Derivatives
Authors: Kajita Yuji , Matsumoto Jun , Takahashi Isao , Hirota Shun , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ozawa Tomohiro , Masuda Hideki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThree novel (disulfido)dicopper(II) complexes with N‐alkylated cis,cis‐1,3,5‐triaminocyclohexane derivatives, [Cu2(S2)(R3TACH)]X2 [(R, X) = (Et, CF3SO3) (1), (iBu, SbF6) (2), and (Bn, SbF6) (3)], have been synthesized and characterized by elemental, electrochemical, and X‐ray structure analyses, and electronic absorption, IR, ESI mass, and resonance Raman spectroscopic methods. The X‐ray crystal structures indicate that the two sulfur and two copper atoms of these complexes form a Cu2(S2) structure with slight bending of the two planes defined by the CuS2 plane at angles of 166.12° (the individual bending angles are 175.56° for 1a and 156.67° for 1b), 154.74°, and 180° for 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The UV/Vis absorption spectra of 1, 2, and 3 have a sharp band at ca. 360 nm with a broadened shoulder at 400–480 nm and low intensity d–d bands in the range 666–671 nm. The resonance Raman spectra of the complexes have peaks assignable to a ν(S–S) band at 483–484 cm–1. The complexes have reduction waves at –974 to –946 vs. [Fe(C5H5)2]/[Fe(C5H5)2]+ for 1, –993 to –976 for 2, and –948 to –928 mV for 3. These values are in a low‐potential region relative to bis(μ‐OH)dicopper complexes with R3TACH. This may be explained by the occurrence of strong π‐donation from the disulfide ligands as observed for previously reported (disulfido)Ru complexes. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 react with PPh3 to give S=PPh3 in yields of 65 ± 3.5, 76 ± 1, and 50 ± 2 %, respectively. These results are discussed in terms of the relationship between the dihedral angles in the Cu2(S2) core and the reactivity of S22–. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Effective Repression of the Fragmentation of a Hexadentate Ligand Bearing an Auto‐Immolable Pendant Arm by Iron Coordination
Authors: Stavila Vitalie , Stortz Yvon , Franc Cécile , Pitrat Delphine , Maurin Philippe , Hasserodt Jens 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA diamagnetic ferrous complex (1) (MRI silent) is presented that consists of a macrocyclic hexadentate ligand (7) bearing an auto‐immolable arm, as seen in organic prodrug design. This arm constitutes a phenylogous N/O acetal “locked” by glycosylation. Enzymatic glycolysis is hypothesized to lead to a phenol intermediate (a phenylogous hemiaminal) that fragments spontaneously thereby liberating a paramagnetic ferrous complex (MRI active). This paper describes the synthesis of ligand 7 and complex 1, and their respective reaction with β‐galactosidase, the target enzyme. While ligand 7 alone fragments swiftly to the pentadentate ligand dptacn (monitored by LCMS analysis) upon in vitro enzymatic conversion, the phenol resulting from glycosyl removal from complex 1 accumulates in the buffered reaction mixture without any apparent fragmentation. Two independent explanations are put forward: metal coordination leads to rigidification of the ligand skeleton with concomitant kinetic inhibition of fragmentation or to the liberation of enough extra free energy to shift the thermodynamic equilibrium towards the starting material. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Differentiating Between Dipolarity and Polarizability Effects of Solvents Using the Solvatochromism of Barbiturate Dyes
Authors: Bauer Mirko , Rollberg Anja , Barth Anina , Spange Stefan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBarbiturate dyes containing either a dipolar or polarizable chromophoric system have been synthesized and their solvatochromism investigated. The effect of specific and non‐specific solvent interactions on the position of their UV/Vis absorption bands has been evaluated by using the Kamlet–Taft and Catalán solvent parameter sets. Furthermore, the effect on the solvatochromic behaviour of different substitution patterns on the barbiturate moiety has been examined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Catalytic Glycosylation with Glycosyl Thioimidate Donors
Authors: Lucas‐Lopez Cristina , Murphy Niamh , Zhu Xiangming 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new class of glycosyl thioimidates, glycosyl N‐phenyl‐trifluorothioacetimidates, were prepared from the readily available glycosyl thiols in excellent yields. These imidates exhibited very good donor properties under the action of catalytic amounts of BF3·Et2O, and the corresponding glycosidation products were formed in very good to excellent yields. Thus, the first catalytic glycosylations with glycosyl thioimidate donors were achieved. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A Maltooctaose Derivative (“Acyclodextrin”) as a Chiral Stationary Phase for Enantioselective Gas Chromatography
Authors: Sicoli Giuseppe , Tomoyuki Ikai , Jicsinszky Laszlo , Schurig Volker 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe enantiorecognition mechanism of several cyclodextrin derivatives is still not completely rationalized, and the application of acyclic selectors may aid to explain the role of the cavity (typical of the underivatized cyclic selectors) combined with the functional groups introduced by multistep synthesis. Octakis[(3‐O,‐4″O)‐butanoyl‐(1′‐O,2,6‐di‐O)‐n‐pentyl]maltooctaose was applied as a chiral stationary phase for gas chromatographic enantioseparation. Selected racemic compounds were enantioseparated also on the acyclic phase. The promising results of this chiral selector [and its direct comparison with the cyclic counterpart octakis(2,6‐di‐O‐n‐pentyl‐3‐O‐butanoyl)‐γ‐cyclodextrin (Lipodex E)] suggest the application of other well‐known spectroscopic techniques (CD, NMR) to point out further details on the mechanism of enantiorecognition.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The Synthesis and Physical Properties of Novel Polyaromatic Profluorescent Isoindoline Nitroxide Probes
Authors: Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E. , Bottle Steven E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNew profluorescent mono‐ and di‐isoindoline nitroxides (5, 11, 16 and 19) containing 9,10‐diphenylanthracene and 9,10‐bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene structural cores were synthesised by palladium‐catalysed Suzuki and Sonogashira couplings. These nitroxide‐fluorophore probes possess strongly suppressed fluorescence, even in the presence of only one nitroxide radical. Upon reduction, or reaction with other radicals, normal fluorescence emission is returned. The significant difference in fluorescence output between the nitroxides and their corresponding diamagnetic analogues makes these probes ideal tools for imaging polymer degradation using fluorescence microscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Antecedents of entitativity in categorically and dynamically construed groups
Authors: Rutchick Abraham M. , Hamilton David L. , Sack Jeremy D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe extent to which a set of people is perceived as a meaningful group, as one entity, is called entitativity. In this paper, we propose that there are two qualitatively different group construals, or ways of thinking, about groups: as dynamic groups or as categorical groups. Two experiments investigated this distinction. An analogy was used to induce these construals by having participants think of the same group (the group “bees”) either dynamically (as the interacting members of a hive) or categorically (as the members of the species). We then gave participants information about a social group and assessed the impact of the construal manipulation on how that information was processed. Study 1 showed that perceivers recall and report different perceptual cues (similarity and interaction characteristics, respectively) when groups are thought of in these different ways. Study 2 showed that judgments of entitativity are differentially based on a group's similarity versus interaction under these different group construals. The results suggest that group construals change the properties on which entitativity is based. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A lattice Boltzmann model for the compressible Euler equations with second‐order accuracy
Authors: Zhang Jianying , Yan Guangwu , Shi Xiubo , Dong Yinfeng 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new lattice Boltzmann model for the compressible Euler equations. The model is based on a three‐energy‐level and three‐speed lattice Boltzmann equation by using a method of higher moments of the equilibrium distribution functions. In order to obtain second‐order accuracy, we employ the ghost field distribution functions to remove the non‐physical viscous parts. We also use the conditions of the higher moment of the ghost field equilibrium distribution functions to obtain the equilibrium distribution functions. In the numerical examples, we compare the numerical results of this scheme with those obtained by other lattice Boltzmann models for the compressible Euler equations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new Navier–Stokes inverse method based on mass‐averaged tangential velocity for blade design
Authors: Rahmati M. T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a novel viscous inverse method for blade design. In this inverse design method the mass‐averaged tangential velocity and the blade thickness are prescribed, and the corresponding blade profile is sought. The blade profile is then computed iteratively using the discrepancies between the prescribed mass‐averaged tangential velocity distribution and its calculated distribution on an initial blade. The re‐design of an axial rotor blade, starting from an initial arbitrary profile in subsonic flow regimes, demonstrates the merits and robustness of this approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GFAP‐GFP neural progenitors are antigenically homogeneous and anchored in their enclosed mosaic niche
Authors: Platel Jean‐Claude , Gordon Valerie , Heintz Tristan , Bordey Angélique 
Published: July 2008

AbstractStudy of the different stages of postnatal neurogenesis relies on using antigenic markers and transgenic mice. In particular, neural stem cells that express GFAP are studied using mice expressing GFP under the human GFAP promoter (GFAP‐GFP). However, it remains unclear whether GFP and the commonly used progenitor markers label different cell populations in the neurogenic subventricular zone (SVZ) and its rostral extension into the olfactory bulb (i.e. rostral migratory stream, RMS). Here, we found that all GFP‐fluorescent cells express GFAP, the radial glia marker brain lipid‐binding protein (BLBP), Lewis X (LeX), and the astrocytic marker GLAST. Faint GFP fluorescence could be detected in a few cells expressing EGF receptors (EGFRs), Olig2, or S100, suggesting that GFAP‐GFP cells generate these diverse cell types. GFP‐fluorescent cells were slowly cycling, as shown by their long‐term retention of BrdU, and less than 10% expressed the proliferative markers Ki67 and Mcm2. The majority of EGFR‐expressing cells and Olig2‐expressing cells were cycling. NG2 and EGFR identified distinct progenitor populations while Olig2 labeled a subset of EGFR‐expressing cells. The entire neurogenic zone contained a mosaic of different cell types and was ensheathed by processes of GFAP‐expressing cells and NG2 cells. Finally, using time‐lapse imaging in acute slices, we show that GFP‐fluorescent cells are stationary within the SVZ. Our findings collectively highlight the cellular mosaic of the neurogenic niche, show that the slowly‐cycling GFAP‐expressing cells are stationary and generate distinct intermediate progenitors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐regulation of regional cortical activity using real‐time fMRI: The right inferior frontal gyrus and linguistic processing
Authors: Rota Giuseppina , Sitaram Ranganatha , Veit Ralf , Erb Michael , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Dogil Grzegorz , Birbaumer Niels 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNeurofeedback of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to acquire selective control over activation in circumscribed brain areas, potentially inducing behavioral changes, depending on the functional role of the targeted cortical sites. In the present study, we used fMRI‐neurofeedback to train subjects to enhance regional activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) to influence speech processing and to modulate language‐related performance. Seven subjects underwent real‐time fMRI‐neurofeedback training and succeeded in achieving voluntary regulation of their right Brodmann's area (BA) 45. To examine short‐term behavioral impact, two linguistic tasks were carried out immediately before and after the training. A significant improvement of accuracy was observed for the identification of emotional prosodic intonations but not for syntactic processing. This evidence supports a role for the right IFG in the processing of emotional information and evaluation of affective salience. The present study confirms the efficacy of fMRI‐biofeedback for noninvasive self‐regulation of circumscribed brain activity. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Movement gating of beta/gamma oscillations involved in the N30 somatosensory evoked potential
Authors: Cebolla Ana Maria , De Saedeleer Caty , Bengoetxea Ana , Leurs Françoise , Balestra Costantino , d'Alcantara Pablo , Palmero‐Soler Ernesto , Dan Bernard , Cheron Guy 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEvoked potential modulation allows the study of dynamic brain processing. The mechanism of movement gating of the frontal N30 component of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) produced by the stimulation of the median nerve at wrist remains to be elucidated. At rest, a power enhancement and a significant phase‐locking of the electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillation in the beta/gamma range (25–35 Hz) are related to the emergence of the N30. The latter was also perfectly identified in presence of pure phase‐locking situation. Here, we investigated the contribution of these rhythmic activities to the specific gating of the N30 component during movement. We demonstrated that concomitant execution of finger movement of the stimulated hand impinges such temporal concentration of the ongoing beta/gamma EEG oscillations and abolishes the N30 component throughout their large topographical extent on the scalp. This also proves that the phase‐locking phenomenon is one of the main actors for the N30 generation. These findings could be explained by the involvement of neuronal populations of the sensorimotor cortex and other related areas, which are unable to respond to the phasic sensory activation and to phase‐lock their firing discharges to the external sensory input during the movement. This new insight into the contribution of phase‐locked oscillation in the emergence of the N30 and in its gating behavior calls for a reappraisal of fundamental and clinical interpretation of the frontal N30 component. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Removal of magnetoencephalographic artifacts with temporal signal‐space separation: Demonstration with single‐trial auditory‐evoked responses
Authors: Taulu Samu , Hari Riitta 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMagnetic interference signals often hamper analysis of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements. Artifact sources in the proximity of the sensors cause strong and spatially complex signals that are particularly challenging for the existing interference‐suppression methods. Here we demonstrate the performance of the temporally extended signal space separation method (tSSS) in removing strong interference caused by external and nearby sources on auditory‐evoked magnetic fields—the sources of which are well established. The MEG signals were contaminated by normal environmental interference, by artificially produced additional external interference, and by nearby artifacts produced by a piece of magnetized wire in the subject's lip. After tSSS processing, even the single‐trial auditory responses had a good‐enough signal‐to‐noise ratio for detailed waveform and source analysis. Waveforms and source locations of the tSSS‐reconstructed data were in good agreement with the responses from the control condition without extra interference. Our results demonstrate that tSSS is a robust and efficient method for removing a wide range of different types of interference signals in neuromagnetic multichannel measurements. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defining the face processing network: Optimization of the functional localizer in fMRI
Authors: Fox Christopher J. , Iaria Giuseppe , Barton Jason J.S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFunctional localizers that contrast brain signal when viewing faces versus objects are commonly used in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of face processing. However, current protocols do not reliably show all regions of the core system for face processing in all subjects when conservative statistical thresholds are used, which is problematic in the study of single subjects. Furthermore, arbitrary variations in the applied thresholds are associated with inconsistent estimates of the size of face‐selective regions‐of‐interest (ROIs). We hypothesized that the use of more natural dynamic facial images in localizers might increase the likelihood of identifying face‐selective ROIs in individual subjects, and we also investigated the use of a method to derive the statistically optimal ROI cluster size independent of thresholds. We found that dynamic facial stimuli were more effective than static stimuli, identifying 98% (versus 72% for static) of ROIs in the core face processing system and 69% (versus 39% for static) of ROIs in the extended face processing system. We then determined for each core face processing ROI, the cluster size associated with maximum statistical face‐selectivity, which on average was approximately 50 mm3 for the fusiform face area, the occipital face area, and the posterior superior temporal sulcus. We suggest that the combination of (a) more robust face‐related activity induced by a dynamic face localizer and (b) a cluster‐size determination based on maximum face‐selectivity increases both the sensitivity and the specificity of the characterization of face‐related ROIs in individual subjects. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overcoming impediments to virtual team effectiveness
Authors: Cordery John L. , Soo Christine 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe term virtual team denotes an organizational team whose members rarely meet face to face but who nevertheless perform interdependent tasks in pursuit of collective goals. This article identifies the unique aspects of virtual teams that generate major barriers to their effectiveness, and suggests ways in which these may be either overcome or mitigated. A process‐oriented model of virtual team effectiveness is presented, identifying issues associated with the development of transactive memory systems, work engagement, and collective efficacy as major challenges to virtual team effectiveness. These issues are illustrated with reference to the experience of virtual teams within a minerals processing firm. Finally, the authors discuss aspects of virtual team leadership and team climate that may help overcome some of the potential process losses associated with virtual teamwork. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designing an effective management system for enterprises: Concepts and verification
Authors: Motała Daria , Pawłowski Edmund , Pawłowski Krystian , Trzcieliński Stefan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this article lean and agile manufacturing are considered as separate organizational strategies of enterprise management. Therefore, a model of these strategies for business situations as well as assigning modern concepts and methods of management to these strategies and business segments has been proposed. This model, called LABDM (lean agile business development model), has been provisionally verified in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises from the gas engineering industry in the Wielkopolska province in Poland. In 17 enterprises of this industry the use of modern concepts and methods of management have been studied. With the help of the rough sets theory, a set of concepts and methods that are crucial for the effective enterprises has been identified. By comparing these concepts and methods to the LABDM, the model's rationality is proven. In conclusion, the LABDM can be used as a tool when considering a lean or agile strategy, and modern concepts and methods that are associated with these strategies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Country of origin effects, brand image, and social status in an emerging market
Authors: Khan Hina , Bamber David 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCountry of origin (COO) effects with respect to price, quality, brand effect, and social status to determine elite consumers' buying behavior in the emerging market of Pakistan are investigated. Manufacturers are looking for new consumers with a resilient purchasing power, which is likely to grow, in emergent markets. The most important finding resulting from the present research is the relatively limited significance that COO effects have on product perceptions and on the buying behavior of an elite, affluent group of consumers. The research demonstrated that COO effects, while important, do not often dominate the process of consumer preference formation or the decision to buy. This finding stands in marked contrast to earlier research. The equal importance of specific cue information with COO information when making purchase decisions is emphasized by the significant correlations between some responses to COO, price, quality, brand effect, and social status items. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The redox state of the lung cancer microenvironment depends on the levels of thioredoxin expressed by tumor cells and affects tumor progression and response to prooxidants
Authors: Ceccarelli Jenny , Delfino Laura , Zappia Emanuela , Castellani Patrizia , Borghi Martina , Ferrini Silvano , Tosetti Francesca , Rubartelli Anna 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHere we report that human nonsmall cell lung carcinomas overexpress macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and thioredoxin (Trx), 2 oxidoreductases with cytokine function, and contain more abundant nonprotein thiols (glutathione and cysteine) than nonneoplastic lung tissues. Cell clones derived from the same lung carcinoma cell lines but expressing different levels of Trx and/or MIF displayed growth rates in vitro and in vivo correlating with Trx but not with MIF. Interestingly, the different clones generate extracellularly reduced nonprotein thiols, in amounts related to the Trx content and inhibited by inhibitors of Trx function. Each clone also showed distinct responses to the prooxidant compound arsenic trioxide. Cells with a strongly antioxidant and aggressive phenotype were more susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of the drug than cells expressing little Trx. The latter counteracted the oxidative stress by increasing Trx expression and thiol release. Together these results indicate that different human lung cancer cell lines have distinct redox properties defined by the levels of Trx and nonprotein thiols, the higher antioxidant phenotype correlating with the higher aggressiveness. Moreover, the redox phenotype dictates their response to prooxidant drugs and must be taken into account when therapeutic interventions with redox active substances are considered. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.