bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ursids evolved dietary diversity without major alterations in metabolic rates
Authors: Carnahan A. M. , Pagano A. M. , Christian A. L. , Rode K. D. , Robbins Charles T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe diets of the eight species of ursids range from carnivory (e.g., polar bears, Ursus maritimus) to insectivory (e.g., sloth bears, Melursus ursinus), omnivory (e.g., brown bears, U. arctos), and herbivory (e.g., giant pandas, Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Dietary energy availability ranges from the high-fat, highly digestible, calorically dense diet of polar bears (~ 6.4 kcal digestible energy/g fresh weight) to the high-fiber, poorly digestible, calorically restricted diet (~ 0.7) of giant pandas. Thus, ursids provide the opportunity to examine the extent to which dietary energy drives evolution of energy metabolism in a closely related group of animals. We measured the daily energy expenditure (DEE) of captive brown bears in a relatively large, zoo-type enclosure and compared those values to previously published results on captive brown bears, captive and free-ranging polar bears, and captive and free-ranging giant pandas. We found that all three species have similar mass-specific DEE when travel distances and energy intake are normalized even though their diets differ dramatically and phylogenetic lineages are separated by millions of years. For giant pandas, the ability to engage in low-cost stationary foraging relative to more wide-ranging bears likely provided the necessary energy savings to become bamboo specialists without greatly altering their metabolic rate.
Efficient removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from industrial/military wastewater using anodic oxidation on boron-doped diamond electrodes
Authors: Szopińska Małgorzata , Prasuła Piotr , Baran Piotr , Kaczmarzyk Iwona , Pierpaoli Mattia , Nawała Jakub , Szala Mateusz , Fudala-Książek Sylwia , Kamieńska-Duda Agata , Dettlaff Anna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith growing public concern about water quality particular focus should be placed on organic micropollutants, which are harmful to the environment and people. Hence, the objective of this research is to enhance the security and resilience of water resources by developing an efficient system for reclaiming industrial/military wastewater and protecting recipients from the toxic and cancerogenic explosive compound—2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), which has been widely distributed in the environment. This research used an anodic oxidation (AO) process on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the TNT removal from artificial and real-life matrices: marine water and treated wastewater. During experiments, TNT concentrations were significantly decreased, reaching the anodic degradation efficiency of above 92% within two hours and > 99.9% after six hours of environmental sample treatment. The presented results show the great potential of AO performed on BDD anodes for full-scale application in the industry and military sectors for TNT removal.
Enhanced North Pacific Victoria mode in a warming climate
Authors: Ji Kai , Yu Jin-Yi , Li Jianping , Hu Zeng-Zhen , Tseng Yu-Heng , Shi Jian , Zhao Yingying , Sun Cheng , Ding Ruiqiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), renowned as the dominant sea surface temperature (SST) fluctuation in the North Pacific and extensively scrutinized for its extensive influence on global climate patterns, stands in stark contrast to the Victoria mode (VM). Traditionally, the VM, representing the second most prominent SST pattern in the North Pacific, has not garnered comparable attention. However, our investigation unveils a remarkable surge in the low-frequency VM variability, spanning periods greater than 8 years, over the course of a century. Astonishingly, this enhanced VM variability now surpasses the PDO’s variability in recent decades, signifying a notable shift. Consequently, the heightened VM variability assumes newfound significance in shaping climate systems across the entire North Pacific region and in distant locales. This intensified VM behavior could be attributed to amplified atmospheric variability in the Hawaiian region, primarily stemming from the reinforced variability in the tropical central Pacific (CP) SST in recent decades. As greenhouse warming escalates CP SST variability, the VM’s enhanced variability may further intensify, yielding broader and more profound repercussions in the future.
The hospital at home in the USA: current status and future prospects
Authors: Pandit Jay A. , Pawelek Jeff B. , Leff Bruce , Topol Eric J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe annual cost of hospital care services in the US has risen to over $1 trillion despite relatively worse health outcomes compared to similar nations. These trends accentuate a growing need for innovative care delivery models that reduce costs and improve outcomes. HaH—a program that provides patients acute-level hospital care at home—has made significant progress over the past two decades. Technological advancements in remote patient monitoring, wearable sensors, health information technology infrastructure, and multimodal health data processing have contributed to its rise across hospitals. More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic brought HaH into the mainstream, especially in the US, with reimbursement waivers that made the model financially acceptable for hospitals and payors. However, HaH continues to face serious challenges to gain widespread adoption. In this review, we evaluate the peer-reviewed evidence and discuss the promises, challenges, and what it would take to tap into the future potential of HaH.
Archaeal histone-based chromatin structures regulate transcription elongation rates
Authors: Wenck Breanna R. , Vickerman Robert L. , Burkhart Brett W. , Santangelo Thomas J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany archaea encode and express histone proteins to compact their genomes. Archaeal and eukaryotic histones share a near-identical fold that permits DNA wrapping through select histone-DNA contacts to generate chromatin-structures that must be traversed by RNA polymerase (RNAP) to generate transcripts. As archaeal histones can spontaneously assemble with a single histone isoform, single-histone chromatin variants provide an idealized platform to detail the impacts of distinct histone-DNA contacts on transcription efficiencies and to detail the role of the conserved cleavage stimulatory factor, Transcription Factor S (TFS), in assisting RNAP through chromatin landscapes. We demonstrate that substitution of histone residues that modify histone-DNA contacts or the three-dimensional chromatin structure result in radically altered transcription elongation rates and pausing patterns. Chromatin-barriers slow and pause RNAP, providing regulatory potential. The modest impacts of TFS on elongation rates through chromatin landscapes is correlated with TFS-dispensability from the archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis. Our results detail the importance of distinct chromatin structures for archaeal gene expression and provide a unique perspective on the evolution of, and regulatory strategies imposed by, eukaryotic chromatin.
PMF-seq: a highly scalable screening strategy for linking genetics to mitochondrial bioenergetics
Authors: To Tsz-Leung , McCoy Jason G. , Ostriker Naomi K. , Sandler Lev S. , Mannella Carmen A. , Mootha Vamsi K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOur current understanding of mitochondrial organelle physiology has benefited from two broad approaches: classically, cuvette-based measurements with suspensions of isolated mitochondria, in which bioenergetic parameters are monitored acutely in response to respiratory chain substrates and inhibitors1–4, and more recently, highly scalable genetic screens for fitness phenotypes associated with coarse-grained properties of the mitochondrial state5–10. Here we introduce permeabilized-cell mitochondrial function sequencing (PMF-seq) to combine strengths of these two approaches to connect genes to detailed bioenergetic phenotypes. In PMF-seq, the plasma membranes within a pool of CRISPR mutagenized cells are gently permeabilized under conditions that preserve mitochondrial physiology, where detailed bioenergetics can be probed in the same way as with isolated organelles. Cells with desired bioenergetic parameters are selected optically using flow cytometry and subjected to next-generation sequencing. Using PMF-seq, we recover genes differentially required for mitochondrial respiratory chain branching and reversibility. We demonstrate that human d-lactate dehydrogenase specifically conveys electrons from d-lactate into cytochrome c to support mitochondrial membrane polarization. Finally, we screen for genetic modifiers of tBID, a pro-apoptotic protein that acts directly and acutely on mitochondria. We find the loss of the complex V assembly factor ATPAF2 acts as a genetic sensitizer of tBID’s acute action. We anticipate that PMF-seq will be valuable for defining genes critical to the physiology of mitochondria and other organelles.
Targeting PRMT9-mediated arginine methylation suppresses cancer stem cell maintenance and elicits cGAS-mediated anticancer immunity
Authors: Dong Haojie , He Xin , Zhang Lei , Chen Wei , Lin Yi-Chun , Liu Song-Bai , Wang Huafeng , Nguyen Le Xuan Truong , Li Min , Zhu Yinghui , Zhao Dandan , Ghoda Lucy , Serody Jonathan , Vincent Benjamin , Luznik Leo , Gojo Ivana , Zeidner Joshua , Su Rui , Chen Jianjun , Sharma Ritin , Pirrotte Patrick , Wu Xiwei , Hu Weidong , Han Weidong , Shen Binghui , Kuo Ya-Huei , Jin Jie , Salhotra Amandeep , Wang Jeffrey , Marcucci Guido , Luo Yun Lyna , Li Ling 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCurrent anticancer therapies cannot eliminate all cancer cells, which hijack normal arginine methylation as a means to promote their maintenance via unknown mechanisms. Here we show that targeting protein arginine N-methyltransferase 9 (PRMT9), whose activities are elevated in blasts and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), eliminates disease via cancer-intrinsic mechanisms and cancer-extrinsic type I interferon (IFN)-associated immunity. PRMT9 ablation in AML cells decreased the arginine methylation of regulators of RNA translation and the DNA damage response, suppressing cell survival. Notably, PRMT9 inhibition promoted DNA damage and activated cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, which underlies the type I IFN response. Genetically activating cyclic GMP-AMP synthase in AML cells blocked leukemogenesis. We also report synergy of a PRMT9 inhibitor with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 in eradicating AML. Overall, we conclude that PRMT9 functions in survival and immune evasion of both LSCs and non-LSCs; targeting PRMT9 may represent a potential anticancer strategy.
Inhibition of S6K lowers age-related inflammation and increases lifespan through the endolysosomal system
Authors: Zhang Pingze , Catterson James H. , Grönke Sebastian , Partridge Linda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSuppression of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) by rapamycin ameliorates aging in diverse species. S6 kinase (S6K) is an essential mediator, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Here we show that activation of S6K specifically in Drosophila fat-body blocked extension of lifespan by rapamycin, induced accumulation of multilamellar lysosomes and blocked age-associated hyperactivation of the NF-κB-like immune deficiency (IMD) pathway, indicative of reduced inflammaging. Syntaxin 13 mediated the effects of TORC1–S6K signaling on lysosome morphology and inflammaging, suggesting they may be linked. Inflammaging depended on the IMD receptor regulatory isoform PGRP-LC, and repression of the IMD pathway from midlife extended lifespan. Age-related inflammaging was higher in females than in males and was not lowered in males by rapamycin treatment or lowered S6K. Rapamycin treatment also elevated Syntaxin 12/13 levels in mouse liver and prevented age-related increase in noncanonical NF-κB signaling, suggesting that the effect of TORC1 on inflammaging is conserved from flies to mammals.
Hyperfunction of post-synaptic density protein 95 promotes seizure response in early-stage aβ pathology
Authors: Yook Yeeun , Lee Kwan Young , Kim Eunyoung , Lizarazo Simon , Yu Xinzhu , Tsai Nien-Pei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) can lead to the formation of aggregates that contribute to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite globally reduced neural activity during AD onset, recent studies have suggested that Aβ induces hyperexcitability and seizure-like activity during the early stages of the disease that ultimately exacerbate cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we reveal an Aβ-induced elevation of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) in cultured neurons in vitro and in an in vivo AD model using APP/PS1 mice at 8 weeks of age. Elevation of PSD-95 occurs as a result of reduced ubiquitination caused by Akt-dependent phosphorylation of E3 ubiquitin ligase murine-double-minute 2 (Mdm2). The elevation of PSD-95 is consistent with the facilitation of excitatory synapses and the surface expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors induced by Aβ. Inhibition of PSD-95 corrects these Aβ-induced synaptic defects and reduces seizure activity in APP/PS1 mice. Our results demonstrate a mechanism underlying elevated seizure activity during early-stage Aβ pathology and suggest that PSD-95 could be an early biomarker and novel therapeutic target for AD.
N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) promotes mRNA localization to stress granules
Authors: Kudrin Pavel , Singh Ankita , Meierhofer David , Kuśnierczyk Anna , Ørom Ulf Andersson Vang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStress granules are an integral part of the stress response that are formed from non-translating mRNAs aggregated with proteins. While much is known about stress granules, the factors that drive their mRNA localization are incompletely described. Modification of mRNA can alter the properties of the nucleobases and affect processes such as translation, splicing and localization of individual transcripts. Here, we show that the RNA modification N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) on mRNA associates with transcripts enriched in stress granules and that stress granule localized transcripts with ac4C are specifically translationally regulated. We also show that ac4C on mRNA can mediate localization of the protein NOP58 to stress granules. Our results suggest that acetylation of mRNA regulates localization of both stress-sensitive transcripts and RNA-binding proteins to stress granules and adds to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for stress granule formation.
Airborne forward‐looking radar imaging approach via modified propagator method in planar phased array
Authors: Yin Lannuo , Wang Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractForward‐looking radar imaging is a top priority due to a variety of applications. An airborne forward‐looking radar imaging approach via a modified propagator method (MPM) based on the planar phased array is proposed. It can obtain a better focusing effect without range migration correction. Through the MPM algorithm, the azimuth resolution can be enhanced greatly. Compared with the conventional synthetic aperture radar imaging algorithm, the left‐right ambiguity process can be avoided by generating two‐dimensional spatial spectra. Furthermore, the imaging results of different numbers of elements are given to provide an assessment of the imaging performance. Additionally, the authors proposed to apply the scanning planar phased array configuration to airborne forward‐looking two‐dimensional imaging for the first time. The validity of the method is proven by experiments. The image is more focused. Furthermore, the results of the experiments verify that the proposed method is fit for high‐speed situation and aircraft height variation condition.
Group B Streptococcus Brain Abscess in a Neonate with Bilateral Otorrhea
Authors: Spencer Emily E. , Nostrand Sarah Van , Arya Shreyas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in neonates worldwide, but brain abscess secondary to GBS is extremely rare. While temporal brain abscesses have been described as a sequelae of otogenic infections in children and adults, such a presentation has not been described in neonates.
Case Description An 8-day-old female infant presented with a fever and irritability along with bilateral purulent otorrhea. Maternal GBS screening was negative, but the delivery was complicated by chorioamnionitis. Workup revealed neutrophilic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid and culture of the ear drainage was positive for GBS. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a circular lesion with rim enhancement within the left temporal lobe concerning for an abscess. The infant was treated with 14 days of intravenous vancomycin, cefepime, and metronidazole followed by 10 weeks of intravenous ampicillin. The hospital course was complicated by seizures and obstructive hydrocephalus requiring multiple neurosurgical interventions.
Conclusion Brain abscess can occur as a sequela of GBS meningitis in neonates, but they are rare. Otogenic infections require prompt evaluation and treatment as they can progress to serious central nervous infections in neonates.
A Survey on Epilepsy and Work: Profiles and Challenges
Authors: D'Souza Carol , Mani Jayanti , Shah Urvashi , Ravat Parthvi , Sapre Antara , Sanwalka Neha , Ravat Sangeeta , Desai Joy , Shah Pravina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective Epilepsy can have a chronic course in a subgroup of people and may impact the ability to study, marry or earn a living thereby increasing significantly the burden of the illness. For a person with epilepsy (PWE), beyond seizure control, being participative and productive in life is a crucial factor for a good quality of life. The aim of the study was to explore factors that help and/or hinder PWE find work / employment.
Materials and Methods Data was collected via a self-reported structured questionnaire from PWE in the age group 21 to 60 years, who had completed their education, and had a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy for at least a year with no known psychiatric ailment or psychiatric morbidity. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine factors that impact employment.
Results Sixty-three percent of our cohorts (n = 119/190) were employed. Factors that supported employment were higher education, late age of epilepsy onset, and better maternal education. The odds of being employed decreased significantly with increasing seizure frequency (odds ratio [OR] = 0.749; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.586–0.957) and occurrence of cluster seizures (OR = 0.348; 95% CI = 0.163–0.742; p < 0.05).
Conclusion PWE can secure employment when their seizure frequency is low and epilepsy onset is after the age of 5 years. However, high job stress and cognitive and emotional difficulties are barriers and reasons for resignation from work. PWEs and their caregivers need to be empowered with psychoeducation and receive counselling support for their mood and cognitive issues to help them reach their full work potential.
Revisited the role of foreign aid in capital formation: experience of South Asian countries
Authors: Dash Ranjan Kumar , Gupta Deepa Jitendra , Khandelwal Tarun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study contributes to the aid-development literature by examining the role of host country factors in conditioning the investment effect of foreign aid, covering a panel of six South Asian countries over the period 1990–2019. The study uses second-generation panel unit root, cointegration, and causality methods to control for endogeneity, cross-section dependency, and structural breaks. The study further applies the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method of Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and the Common Correlated Effect Pooled Mean Group (CCEPMG) to estimate the long and short-run effects. The study results suggest that in the long run, foreign aid reduces or crowds out domestic investment directly but promotes domestic investment from the complementarity between aid and trade, human and financial development, and FDI. The causality result provides evidence of bi-directional causality between the two, supporting the crowding-out effect.
Photonic bandgap microcombs at 1064 nm
Authors: Spektor Grisha , Zang Jizhao , Dan Atasi , Briles Travis C. , Brodnik Grant M. , Liu Haixin , Black Jennifer A. , Carlson David R. , Papp Scott B. 
Published: February 2024

Microresonator frequency combs and their design versatility have revolutionized research areas from data communication to exoplanet searches. While microcombs in the 1550 nm band are well documented, there is interest in using microcombs in other bands. Here, we demonstrate the formation and spectral control of normal-dispersion dark soliton microcombs at 1064 nm. We generate 200 GHz repetition rate microcombs by inducing a photonic bandgap of the microresonator mode for the pump laser with a photonic crystal. We perform the experiments with normal-dispersion microresonators made from Ta2O5 and explore unique soliton pulse shapes and operating behaviors. By adjusting the resonator dispersion through its nanostructured geometry, we demonstrate control over the spectral bandwidth of these combs, and we employ numerical modeling to understand their existence range. Our results highlight how photonic design enables microcomb spectra tailoring across wide wavelength ranges, offering potential in bioimaging, spectroscopy, and photonic-atomic quantum technologies.
An investigation of subject-orientation in the processing of Japanese reflexive zibun by native
Japanese and Chinese-speaking learners
Authors: Hirakawa Makiko , Umeda Mari , Snape Neal , Matthews John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The study investigates the L2 acquisition of the Japanese reflexive zibun (self) by
Chinese-speaking learners. The aim of the study was to find out whether there are any differences in the interpretation and
processing of zibun, a long-distance reflexive that takes as its antecedent only sentential subjects, by native
speakers and Chinese learners of Japanese. In the current study, we tested whether subject orientation, a property that Japanese
and Chinese reflexives share, affects the processing of zibun. The results from an antecedent identification task
show that L2 learners performed somewhat differently from native speakers, showing some preference for a non-subject NP, which is
not an antecedent candidate for zibun. In a self-paced reading task, where two possible candidate antecedents
could be considered for zibun, L2 learners took longer than native speakers to select an antecedent. We argue
that L1-L2 similarity does not guarantee target-like real-time comprehension of zibun in Japanese.