bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex evolution in thin air: Investigating female flightlessness and diel behaviour in geometrid moths (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Lee Kyung Min , Murillo‐Ramos Leidys , Huemer Peter , Hausmann Axel , Staude Hermann S. , Mayr Toni , Sihvonen Pasi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany unique high‐altitude mountain ecosystems have been declining due to climate change, posing a threat to flora and fauna that have adapted to these ecosystems. This study explores the evolution of high‐altitude adaptations, focusing on female flightlessness and diel activity, in geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Ennominae, Gnophini) within the European Alps. We constructed a phylogeny of Gnophini moths using a dataset of 157 taxa, with up to seven genetic markers and traced the evolutionary history of diel activity and wing length reduction in females. Analysis of divergence times suggested that female flightlessness has evolved at least three times independently between the early and late Miocene. The evolution of wing length reduction is likely correlated with elevation, indicating adaptations to cold and windy conditions in high altitude. The evolutionary events leading to shifts in adult diel activity, from ancestral nocturnality to diurnality, have occurred independently at least three times and may also be a consequence of adaptations at high elevations. Strikingly, among diurnal Sciadia, two species have evolved further to become nocturnal like their ancestors. Our findings highlight how phylogenies can provide new insights into evolutionary patterns in moths. We provided a robust basis for resolving taxonomic ambiguities in Alpine Gnophini, leading us to propose 10 changes to the current classification: Scrupodes Lee & Sihvonen gen. n., Elophos Boisduval (type species Geometra operaria Hübner) is considered a junior synonym of Sciadia Hübner syn. n., Yezognophos dilucidaria (Denis & Schiffermüller) and Y. sproengertsi (Püngeler) are transferred to Parietaria Leraut comb. n., Yezognophos serotinaria (Denis & Schiffermüller) is transferred to Scrupeus Lee & Sihvonen comb. n., Elophos caelibaria (Heydenreich), E. zirbitzensis (Pieszcek), E. operaria (Hübner) and E. andereggaria (De La Harpe) are transferred to Sciadia Hübner comb. n. and Dichrognophos Wehrli (type species Gnophos orthogonia Wehrli) is transferred from Ennominae: Cassymini to Ennominae: Gnophini.
A CONCEPTUAL MODELING OF ULTRASONIC TOMOGRAPHY SYSTEM TO DETECT EARLY CARIES LESIONS
Authors: Mohd Zulkifli Nurul I’zaaz , Jamaludin Juliza , Ab Malik Normaliza , Jamal Mohamad Farah Aina , Nik Abdul Razak Nik Halimaton Sadiah 
Published: March 2024

Dental diagnostic imaging plays a significant role in the field of dentistry. In the oral environment, continuous demineralization and remineralization of tooth structure is common. Early diagnosis and monitoring of carious lesions are essential, and enamel abnormalities require quantitative imaging techniques. Among the imaging modalities available are radiography, X-ray computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, to obtain imaging information on dental diagnostics, most of these systems rely on specific radiation and energy which might be harmful to health. To overcome the aforementioned problem, this research proposes a conceptual modeling of ultrasonic tomography system to detect enamel abnormalities using simulation from COMSOL software. Ultrasonic tomography can be obtained by the presence of acoustic waves transmitted from a source and the reflection of the waves at the investigated area. The transmission technique yielded 0.0041260 V for 7 MHz and 0.0003841 V for 25 MHz, but the reflection method yielded 0.000060 V for 7 MHz and 0.000211 V for 25 MHz. The transmission approach produces the greatest difference in voltage when compared to the reflection method. This suggests that, in comparison to the reflection technique, the transmission method is significantly better at detecting changes on the tooth surface.
A THERMAL BEHAVIOUR STUDY OF NATURAL FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITE/HONEYCOMB CORE SANDWICH PANELS
Authors: Zulkarnain Muhammad , M. Sobron Y Lubis, , Insdrawaty Mohamad Irfan , Azman Mohamad Izmul Farees , Azmi Muhamad Izwan Aiman , Zainol Mohd Faez 
Published: March 2024

The unique honeycomb structure has provided good modulus with a lightweight material, especially in aerospace and vehicle applications. Realizing that the thermal analysis of natural fiber honeycomb sandwiches was still lacking in observation, the research needs to investigate thermal transfer characteristics to promote engineering demand. The objective of this research was to investigate honeycomb sandwiches' thermal behaviour by implementing local natural fibers of coconut, oil palm, and sugar cane for sheet plate structure through experimental and numerical analysis. The natural fiber was varied by weight content with the ratio of composite given in a range of 0%wt. - 8%wt. The results have demonstrated that the face sheet plate was paramount part to absorb thermal flow. The study displayed the low thermal conductivity of the face sheet will counter significantly the heat transfer of the honeycomb structure. The experimental investigation found that the coconut fiber successfully performs as an insulator in a honeycomb sandwich which reached 6.78 W.m-1K-1 of thermal conductivity which was an 85.86% improvement as an insulator. While palm oil and sugar cane presented at 11.12 W.m-1K-1 and 10.59 W.m-1K-1, it was slightly higher compared to the coconut. In the numerical investigation, fiber distribution development was successfully performed in a honeycomb sandwich sheet plate composite. The thermal conductivity showed a difference from the experimental, where the higher thermal resistance was shown by palm oil and sugar cane at 8.22 W.m-1K-1 and 8.16 W.m-1K-1, respectively.
EFFECT OF SEA WATER, COASTAL SAND, AND CLAM SHELL POWDER ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF NORMAL CONCRETE
Authors: Helmi Masdar , Alami Fikri , Isneini Mohd , Mayang Sari Rendityas , Zikrillah Muhammad Daffa 
Published: March 2024

Durability and resilience are essential factors of reinforced concrete structures in maritime environment which are subjected by stress, abrasion, and tidal exposure continuously. The research aims to analyze the effect of marine materials and its environment on the compressive strength of concrete cube (15x15x15 cm) at various days such as 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. The marine materials were used such as seawater, coastal sand, and clamshell powder as part of the concrete mixture. In addition, the effect of seawater on curing period, also were investigated. Treatment of marine environment were conducted by placing the samples after 28 days of age in tidal zone, submerged, and coastal atmospheric area. The results show the marine environment decreased the compressive strength about of 2%, 11% and 19% for coastal atmosphere, tidal and submerged treatments respectively which correlated to carbonation depth. The use of coastal sand in concrete mixture decreased compressive strength of concrete while the presence of clamshell powder slightly increased compressive strength for both curing treatments in fresh water and seawater. The curing process in seawater until the 28-days had a similar of compressive strength rate with the ones in freshwater.
Extended period of ventilation before delayed cord clamping augments left‐to‐right shunting and decreases systemic perfusion at birth in preterm lambs
Authors: Smolich Joseph J. , Kenna Kelly R. , Mynard Jonathan P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that an extended period of ventilation before delayed cord clamping (DCC) augments birth‐related rises in pulmonary arterial (PA) blood flow. However, it is unknown whether this greater rise in PA flow is accompanied by increases in left ventricular (LV) output and systemic arterial perfusion or whether it reflects enhanced left‐to‐right shunting across the ductus arteriosus and/or foramen ovale (FO), with decreased systemic arterial perfusion. Using an established preterm lamb birth transition model, this study compared the effect of a short (∼40 s, n = 11), moderate (∼2 min, n = 11) or extended (∼5 min, n = 12) period of initial mechanical lung ventilation before DCC on flow probe‐derived perinatal changes in PA flow, LV output, total systemic arterial blood flow, ductal shunting and FO shunting. The LV output was relatively stable during initial ventilation but increased after DCC, with similar responses in all groups. Systemic arterial flow patterns displayed only minor differences during brief and moderate periods of initial ventilation and were similar after DCC. However, an increase in PA flow was augmented with an extended initial ventilation (P < 0.001), owing to an earlier onset of left‐to‐right ductal and FO shunting (P < 0.001), and was accompanied by a pronounced reduction in total systemic arterial flow (P = 0.005) that persisted for 4 min after DCC (P ≤ 0.039). These findings suggest that, owing to increased left‐to‐right shunting and a greater reduction in systemic arterial perfusion, an extended period of ventilation before DCC does not result in greater perinatal circulatory benefits than shorter periods of initial ventilation in the birth transition.
imageKey points
Previous studies suggest that an extended period of initial ventilation before delayed cord clamping (DCC) augments birth‐related rises in pulmonary arterial (PA) blood flow.
It is unknown whether this greater rise in PA flow is accompanied by an increased left ventricular output and systemic arterial perfusion or whether it reflects enhanced left‐to‐right shunting across the ductus arteriosus and/or foramen ovale, with decreased systemic arterial perfusion.
Anaesthetized preterm fetal lambs instrumented with central arterial flow probes underwent a brief (∼40 s), moderate (∼2 min) or extended (∼5 min) period of ventilation before DCC.
Perinatal changes in left ventricular output were similar in all groups, but extended initial ventilation augmented both perinatal increases in PA flow, owing to earlier onset and greater left‐to‐right ductal and foramen ovale shunting, and perinatal reductions in total systemic arterial perfusion.
Extended ventilation before DCC does not confer a greater perinatal circulatory benefit than shorter periods of initial ventilation.
Experimental Investigation of Mode-Frequency Scattering at Fan Stages
Authors: Behn Maximilian , Tapken Ulf 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
For the development of low-noise fan designs the sound generation must be reduced at the source, but also sound transmission effects through the rotor can be exploited to reduce the noise emitted to the far-field. Rotor shielding has been identified as a means of noise abatement, where rotor counter-rotating modes are blocked by the rotor and transmit poorly to the inlet. An effect that is rarely considered in this context is mode-frequency scattering at the rotor, which can circumvent the blockage effect by shifting the sound energy in frequency and mode order, typically to a rotor co-rotating mode order that transmits efficiently to the inlet. An experimental investigation is presented, where the transmission, reflection, and scattering of individually generated modes through a fan stage is measured by means of a loudspeaker array and microphone arrays, upstream and downstream. The highly resolved measured data comprise the variation of mode order, frequency, rotor speed, and aerodynamic operating conditions. In this study, the focus is on mode-frequency scattering, for which results are presented for high and low rotor speeds.
Effect of Buoyancy Force in Phase Change Material-Based Metal Hydride Reactor
Authors: Lewis Swaraj D. , Chippar Purushothama 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In Phase Change Material (PCM) simulations, buoyancy force is used to capture the melting contour. However, for the sake of simplicity, most of the PCM-based Metal Hydride (MH) simulations have ignored the influence of buoyancy in PCM which is crucial in analyzing the heat flow within PCM. This study incorporates the buoyancy term in mathematical models to capture the contour of a melted PCM and also its heat transfer capacity during the hydrogen absorption process. A PCM model with buoyancy force is validated against the experimental values and applied to the MH-PCM models. Incorporating the buoyancy force improves the heat transfer rate in the PCM during melting which benefits in better heat removal from the MH bed. Two designs of MH-PCM models having PCM placed in ring-type and tube-type configurations are discussed. Further, the design optimization in ring-type models was done by changing the PCM-MH volume and sandwiching ratios.
Characteristics, attributes, and outcomes of allied health transition to practice programs: A mixed method systematic review
Authors: McAleer Rachael , Hanson Lisa , Kenny Amanda 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Workforce sustainability is critical to equitable and safe healthcare. However, in health, there is evidence of poor transition of new graduates to the workplace with a resultant loss of health professionals from the system. Globally, the allied health workforce is crucial for universal health, but little is known about allied health transition and transition interventions. The aim of this mixed-methods systematic review was to describe the characteristics of transition to practice programs for novice allied health professionals, the outcomes from these programs, how they are measured, and how transition challenges are addressed in transition programs.Method: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, AMED and the Cochrane Library. All study types were included that met the inclusion criteria. Two researchers reviewed the studies and reached a consensus through discussion. Articles were evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool with reporting guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Results: A total of 15 studies were included. Various allied health populations, interventions, timeframes, program content, and learning modes were used but not well described. There was misalignment between allied health graduates' expectations and practice reality. While authors claimed success from transition interventions, outcomes were not clear, and there were a lack of tools for robust outcome measurement. Conclusion: Well-designed studies on allied health transition and transition interventions are needed to build evidence on effective interventions and support. A primary focus should be on developing and measuring well defined transition outcomes and the longer-term impact of transition on career progression and success.
Making the invisible visible: How cultural hegemony and uncertainty help us understand health professional education inequities
Authors: Lazarus Michelle , García Ochoa Gabriel , Truong Mandy , Brand Gabrielle 
Published: March 2024

Despite societal, financial and wellbeing costs related to discrimination, and increasing literature on improving diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI), sustainable movements towards addressing health professional education (HPE) system inequities remain elusive. Here, we critically examine contemporary HPE systems, exploring how invisible barriers prevent meaningful DEI action. We draw on cultural hegemony and its relationship to unconscious/implicit bias within HPE’s culture. We also explore how DEI initiatives can introduce uncertainty and often challenge our uncertainty tolerance while addressing HPE system inequities. Drawing on uncertainty-identity theory, we explain how HPE professionals’ diverse responses to the discomfort typically provoked by such DEI initiatives may impact meaningful cultural change. Collectively, this critical reflection of HPE practices highlights challenges and suggests potential solutions for addressing persistent inequities across Australia and New Zealand HPE systems.
Notes on the diet of <em>Anolis</em> lizards (Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from Yasuní National Park in Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: Pinto Javier , Torres-Carvajal Omar 
Published: March 2024

We briefly describe the diet of six species of lizards of the genus Anolis in the Yasuní National Park, located in the western part of the Amazon Rainforest. A total of 241 prey items found in the stomachs of the lizards were identified. We noted that Aranea and Hymenoptera were the most frequent diet categories used by the lizard community. In terms of prey volume, Hemiptera and insect larvae were the most representative prey. The description of the diet of Anolis provided by this study can be further combined with information related to their natural history, thus shedding light on ecological mechanisms that influence adaptation.
Plant phenolics inhibit focal adhesion kinase and suppress host cell invasion by uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
Authors: Lewis Adam J. , Richards Amanda C. , Mendez Alejandra A. , Dhakal Bijaya K. , Jones Tiffani A. , Sundsbak Jamie L. , Eto Danelle S. , Rousek Alexis A. , Mulvey Matthew A. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Traditional folk treatments for the prevention and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other infectious diseases often include plants and plant extracts that are rich in phenolic compounds. These have been ascribed a variety of activities, including inhibition of bacterial interactions with host cells. Here, we tested a panel of four well-studied phenolic compounds—caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), resveratrol, catechin, and epigallocatechin gallate—for the effects on host cell adherence and invasion by uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC). These bacteria, which are the leading cause of UTIs, can bind and subsequently invade bladder epithelial cells via an actin-dependent process. Intracellular UPEC reservoirs within the bladder are often protected from antibiotics and host defenses and likely contribute to the development of chronic and recurrent infections. In cell culture-based assays, only resveratrol had a notable negative effect on UPEC adherence to bladder cells. However, both CAPE and resveratrol significantly inhibited UPEC entry into the host cells, coordinate with attenuated phosphorylation of the host actin regulator Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK or PTK2) and marked increases in the numbers of focal adhesion structures. We further show that the intravesical delivery of resveratrol inhibits UPEC infiltration of the bladder mucosa in a murine UTI model and that resveratrol and CAPE can disrupt the ability of other invasive pathogens to enter host cells. Together, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of molecules like CAPE and resveratrol, which could be used to augment antibiotic treatments by restricting pathogen access to protective intracellular niches.

IMPORTANCE

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are exceptionally common and increasingly difficult to treat due to the ongoing rise and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Furthermore, the primary cause of UTIs, uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC), can avoid antibiotic exposure and many host defenses by invading the epithelial cells that line the bladder surface. Here, we identified two plant-derived phenolic compounds that disrupt activation of the host machinery needed for UPEC entry into bladder cells. One of these compounds, resveratrol, effectively inhibited UPEC invasion of the bladder mucosa in a mouse UTI model, and both phenolic compounds significantly reduced host cell entry by other invasive pathogens. These findings suggest that select phenolic compounds could be used to supplement existing antibacterial therapeutics by denying uropathogens shelter within host cells and tissues and help explain some of the benefits attributed to traditional plant-based medicines.
Draft genome sequence of
Agarivorans aestuarii
strain ZMCS4, a putative CAZyme-producing bacteria isolated from the marine brown algae
Cladostephus spongiosus
Authors: Lorente Beatriz , Cabral Carla , Frias Jorge , Faria João , Toubarro Duarte 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Agarivorans aestuarii
strain ZMCS4, isolated from
Cladostephus spongiosus
. The assembled genome consists of 4.5 Mbp, comprising 25 contigs and 4,128 coding sequences. This genome will provide insights into further studies on relevant CAZymes involved in the hydrolysis of algal cell walls.
High-throughput profiling of metabolic responses to exogenous nutrients in
Synechocystis
sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Haavisto Vilhelmiina , Landry Zachary , Pontrelli Sammy 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Cyanobacteria fix carbon dioxide and release carbon-containing compounds into the wider ecosystem, yet they are sensitive to small metabolites that may impact their growth and physiology. Several cyanobacteria can grow mixotrophically, but we currently lack a molecular understanding of how specific nutrients may alter the compounds they release, limiting our knowledge of how environmental factors might impact primary producers and the ecosystems they support. In this study, we develop a high-throughput phytoplankton culturing platform and identify how the model cyanobacterium
Synechocystis
sp. PCC 6803 responds to nutrient supplementation. We assess growth responses to 32 nutrients at two concentrations, identifying 15 that are utilized mixotrophically. Seven nutrient sources significantly enhance growth, while 19 elicit negative growth responses at one or both concentrations. High-throughput exometabolomics indicates that oxidative stress limits
Synechocystis’
growth but may be alleviated by antioxidant metabolites. Furthermore, glucose and valine induce strong changes in metabolite exudation in a possible effort to correct pathway imbalances or maintain intracellular elemental ratios. This study sheds light on the flexibility and limits of cyanobacterial physiology and metabolism, as well as how primary production and trophic food webs may be modulated by exogenous nutrients.

IMPORTANCE

Cyanobacteria capture and release carbon compounds to fuel microbial food webs, yet we lack a comprehensive understanding of how external nutrients modify their behavior and what they produce. We developed a high throughput culturing platform to evaluate how the model cyanobacterium
Synechocystis
sp. PCC 6803 responds to a broad panel of externally supplied nutrients. We found that growth may be enhanced by metabolites that protect against oxidative stress, and growth and exudate profiles are altered by metabolites that interfere with central carbon metabolism and elemental ratios. This work contributes a holistic perspective of the versatile response of
Synechocystis
to externally supplied nutrients, which may alter carbon flux into the wider ecosystem.