bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphite Micropowder Modified with 4‐Amino‐2,6‐diphenylphenol Supported on Basal Plane Pyrolytic Graphite Electrodes: Micro Sensing Platforms for the Indirect Electrochemical Detection of Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol in Saliva
Authors: Goodwin Alexander , Banks Craig E. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractGraphite micropowder has been modified with 4‐amino‐2,6‐diphenylphenol immobilized onto a basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode and explored for the indirect electrochemical sensing of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in artificial saliva. The protocol is based on the electrochemical formation of quinoneimine which specifically reacts with Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol resulting in the loss of the quinoneimine which can be monitored via voltammetry. It is demonstrated that Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol can be detected in artificial saliva over the micromolar range. Such a protocol may find application in screening for drug abuse.
Determination of quinolone residues in chicken and fish by capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Juan‐García Ana , Font Guillermina , Picó Yolanda 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA specific pressure‐assisted CE‐MS method is described for the analysis of five quinolone residues. MS using a single quadrupole is compared with multiple‐stage MS using a quadrupole IT (QIT‐MSn). The procedure involves a common sample preparation by SPE on disposable cartridges. The most suitable electrolyte is 60 mM (NH4)2CO3 at pH 9.2. Single quadrupole does not provide enough fragmentation to confirm identities according to the current legislation. However, QIT‐MSn achieves selective fragmentation. Using this method, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, flumequine, ofloxacin, and pipemidic acid are analyzed in fortified samples of chicken and fish. Recoveries at levels of 50 ng/g were 62–99%, except for flumequine, which gives recoveries ≥45%. RSDs are from 9 to 16% and the LOD is equal (20 ng/g) for the five analytes. Confirmation of the quinolones' identity is achieved using QIT‐MS3. Forty samples of chicken and fish taken from different local markets are analyzed. Enrofloxacin is also determined in incurred chicken muscle using this method.
Towards a protocol for laser scanning in fluvial geomorphology
Authors: Heritage George , Hetherington David 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAdvances in spatial analytical software allow digital elevation models (DEMs) to be produced which accurately represent landform surface variability and offer an important opportunity to measure and monitor morphological change and sediment transfer across a variety of spatial scales. Many of the techniques presently employed (aerial LIDAR, EDM theodolites, GPS, photogrammetry) suffer coverage or resolution limitations resulting in a trade‐off between spatial coverage and morphologic detail captured. This issue is particularly important when rates of spatial and temporal change are considered for fluvial systems. This paper describes the field and processing techniques required for oblique laser scanning to acquire 0·01 m resolution digital elevation data of an upland reach of the River Wharfe in the UK. The study site is variable with rapidly changing morphology, diverse vegetation and the presence of water, and these are evaluated with respect to laser data accuracy. Scan location, frequency and distance are discussed with reference to survey accuracy and efficiency, and a field protocol is proposed. Scan data cloud merging was achieved with a high degree of precision (sub‐centimetre) and positional data are shown to be very accurate for exposed surfaces. Vegetation and water decrease the accuracy, as the laser pulse is often prevented from reaching the ground surface or is not returned. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Room temperature synthesis of agarose/sol–gel glass pieces with tailored interconnected porosity
Authors: Cabañas M. V. , Peña J. , Román J. , Vallet‐Regí M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAn original shaping technique has been applied to prepare porous bodies at room temperature. Agarose, a biodegradable polysaccharide, was added as binder of a sol–gel glass in powder form, yielding an easy to mold paste. Interconnected tailored porous bodies can be straightforwardly prepared by pouring the slurry into a polymeric scaffold, previously designed by stereolitography, which is subsequently eliminated by alkaline dissolution at room temperature. The so obtained pieces behave like a hydrogel with an enhanced consistency that makes them machinable and easy to manipulate. These materials generate an apatite‐like layer when immersed in a simulated body fluid, indicating a potential in vivo bioactivity. The proposed method can be applied to different powdered materials to produce pieces, at room temperature, with various shapes and sizes and with tailored interconnected porosity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Corrosion test, cell behavior test, and in vivo study of gradient TiO2 layers produced by compound electrochemical oxidation
Authors: Zhu Lin , Ye Xun , Tang Guangxin , Zhao Nanming , Gong Yandao , Zhao Yuanli , Zhao Jizong , Zhang Xiufang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper describes efforts to improve implant biocompatibility and durability by applying a hybrid technique using composite oxidation. Pure titanium was used as the substrate material. A porous oxide film as the outer layer was produced by micro‐arc oxidation and a dense oxide film as the inner layer was produced by pre‐anodic oxidation. In this study, physicochemical characteristics, corrosion test, cell attachment behavior, and in vivo studies were used to compare this gradient layer with untreated titanium. The results revealed that the gradient layer was composed of two layers of oxide films which were made up of rutile and anatase and the surface was porous with calcium and phosphor. The corrosion resistance of the gradient layer was improved remarkably, which was about three times the values for titanium and two times the value for the dense layer. The cell–material interaction study indicated that L929 cells seeded and cultured on the gradient layer appeared to attach well and the rate of proliferation was the greatest. The study in vivo showed that the gradient layer had good biocompatibility. This gradient layer provides a material with high corrosion resistance, bioactivity, and biological properties suitable for tissue engineering applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
‘Epistemological dependency’—cognitive relativism in development thinking
Authors: Gonçalves Bianca Többe 
Published: May 2006

AbstractNowadays fashionable postmodernism entered the realm of development studies as post‐development. Although post‐development has been widely criticised on account of its political and economic romanticism, many critics nevertheless wrongly praise the methodological ‘challenge’ posed by post‐developmentalism. It will be argued that postmodernism's cognitive relativism cannot be a serious approach to investigate development problems. A closer look at the epistemological divide within the social sciences (Hegelianism vs. positivism) helps to understand why postmodernism's cognition attracts even many of its critics and why universal reason needs to be defended. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MR colonography for the assessment of colonic anastomoses
Authors: Ajaj Waleed , Goyen Mathias , Langhorst Jost , Ruehm Stefan G. , Gerken Guido , Lauenstein Thomas C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPurposeTo assess colonic anastomoses in patients after surgical treatment by means of MR colonography (MRC) in comparison with conventional colonoscopy (CC).Materials and MethodsA total of 39 patients who had previously undergone colonic resection and end‐to‐end‐anastomosis were included in the study. MRI was based on a dark‐lumen approach. Contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (T1w) three‐dimensional (3D) images were collected following the rectal administration of water for colonic distension. The MRC data were evaluated by two radiologists. The criteria employed to evaluate the anastomoses included bowel wall thickening and increased contrast uptake in this region. Furthermore, all other colonic segments were assessed for the presence of pathologies.ResultsIn 23 and 20 patients the anastomosis was rated to be normal by MRC and CC, respectively. In three patients CC revealed a slight inflammation of the anastomosis that was missed by MRI. A moderate stenosis of the anastomosis without inflammation was detected by MRC in five patients, which was confirmed by CC. In the remaining 11 patients a relevant pathology of the anastomosis was diagnosed by both MRC and CC. Recurrent tumor was diagnosed in two patients with a history of colorectal carcinoma. In the other nine patients inflammation of the anastomosis was seen in seven with Crohn's disease (CD) and two with ulcerative colitis. MRC did not yield any false‐positive findings, resulting in an overall sensitivity/specificity for the assessment of the anastomosis of 84%/100%.ConclusionMRC represents a promising alternative to CC for the assessment of colonic anastomoses in patients with previous colonic resection. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rosuvastatin safety: a comprehensive, international pharmacoepidemiology programme
Authors: Johansson Saga , Ming Eileen E. , Wallander Mari‐Ann , Rodríguez Luis A. García , Herings Ron M. C. , Goettsch Wim G. , González‐Pérez Antonio , McAfee Andrew T. , Walker Alexander M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractResults from clinical trials and clinical practice have shown statins to be generally well tolerated with a low frequency of clinically relevant side effects. Nevertheless, there are rare occasions when adverse events (AEs), sometimes serious, may occur. Rosuvastatin is the newest statin to be approved in the USA and many other countries. As part of the continued assessment of the benefit‐risk profile of rosuvastatin, AstraZeneca has developed a progressive, comprehensive pharmacoepidemiology programme to complement safety data obtained from randomised clinical trials and spontaneous reporting systems, which have demonstrated that rosuvastatin has a safety profile in line with comparator statins. This programme comprises nine studies conducted in recognised centres of excellence assessing over 50 000 patients treated with rosuvastatin. It consists of three components: patient characteristics studies (four studies), safety evaluation studies (four studies); and review of data generated from the Prescription‐Event Monitoring (PEM) study, designed and run by an independent third party. Patient characteristics studies are designed to describe the characteristics and drug utilisation patterns of new users of rosuvastatin compared with new users of other statins in automated databases. Safety evaluation studies will examine the rates of specific AEs in different cohorts of statin users and determine risk factors for these events using data recorded prospectively in automated databases with case adjudication via medical record review. The independent PEM study will monitor any significant events recorded by general practitioners since starting rosuvastatin treatment. This article is an overview of the rationale and methodology of the rosuvastatin pharmacoepidemiology programme. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal evolution of the photoinitiation rate for thick polymer systems illuminated with polychromatic light
Authors: Kenning Nicole Stephenson , Kriks Dane , El‐Maazawi Mohammed , Scranton Alec 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA complete and accurate description of polychromatic photoinitiation in thick systems is presented in which the incident intensity and molar absorptivities of all components may be independently specified at each incident wavelength. The analysis reveals that the photoinitiation rate profile obtained with polychromatic illumination is considerably different from the sum of the monochromatic profiles, and that synergistic coupling of the contributions from multiple wavelengths can lead to both high rates of initiation near the surface and significant initiation deep in the sample. Simulations reveal that the shape and attributes of the aggregate photoinitiation rate profile may change markedly if any of a number of variables are changed, including the relative intensities, the absolute intensity, initiator concentration, and degree of photobleaching. The polychromatic description of photoinitiation presented here can be applied to any combination of monomer, initiator, and light source and may provide an invaluable tool for design of these systems. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Gebäudehülle aus Stahl und Glas – Das neue Citroën‐Ausstellungszentrum in Paris
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Pilsl Mascha , Baitinger Martin , Gesella Heiko 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSeit 1927 ist 42, Avenue des Champs‐Elysées, Paris, die Adresse des ersten Ausstellungszentrums der Firma Citroën. Nachdem entschieden wurde, das alte Gebäude vollständig zu erneuern, entsteht nun an gleicher Stelle eine extravagante Konstruktion, bei der Dach und Fassade eins sind. Mit einer mit Glas ausgefachten Stahlgitterkonstruktion, die in freier Form von der vorderen Fassade über das Dach hinunter bis zum Fußpunkt der rückwärtigen Fassade geführt wird und mit zahlreichen gläsernen Pyramideneinsätzen versehen ist, entsteht eine einzigartige reliefartige und geschwungene Überwurffassade, die in dem Autohaus allseitige Lichtdurchflutung garantiert. Bedingt durch die außergewöhnliche Konstruktion mußten besondere architektonische und technische Ansprüche erfüllt werden. Über die technisch‐konstruktiven Aspekte, die sich aus dem Glasbau in Verbindung mit Stahl, der Bauphysik und der Montage ergaben, wird in dem vorliegenden Artikel berichtet. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Glashäuser im Osten Deutschlands
Authors: Weller Bernhard , Tasche Martin 
Published: May 2006

AbstractNach einer kurzen Darstellung wichtiger englischer Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Glashäuser werden noch erhaltene Pflanzenhäuser aus dem 19. und Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts in Berlin und Dresden näher erläutert. Anschließend wird die stürmische Entwicklung beim Bau transparenter Dächer, Fassaden und Hallen aus Glas und Stahl in den 1990er Jahren anhand ausgewählter Beispiele aus dem Osten Deutschlands dargestellt. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Berechnungskonzept für die Bemessung von punktförmig gelagerten Glasscheiben
Authors: Kasper Ruth 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPunktförmig gelagerte Glasscheiben sind beliebte Konstruktionselemente. Durch die punktförmige Lagerung treten jedoch lokal hohe Spannungskonzentrationen auf, die durch das spröde Materialverhalten des Werkstoffs Glas nicht abgebaut werden können. Bei Überschreiten der Materialfestigkeit führt dies zu einem sofortigen Bruch der Glasscheibe. Die Schwierigkeit bei der Bemessung einer punktförmig gelagerten Glasscheibe liegt in der Ermittlung der Spannungskonzentration in Abhängigkeit der Bohrungs‐ und Haltergeometrie. Der vorliegende Aufsatz zeigt eine mögliche Vorgehensweise, die am Lehrstuhl für Stahlbau der RWTH Aachen entwickelt wurde. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Zum Nachweis von stabilitätsgefährdeten Glasträgern unter Biegebeanspruchung
Authors: Lindner Joachim , Holberndt Tobias 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn der Architektur hat sich ein zunehmender Wandel hin zu einer hochtransparenten Bauweise vollzogen. Infolgedessen werden für lastabtragende Funktionen vermehrt Glasträger eingesetzt. Da sie infolge ihrer fertigungsbedingten geringen Dicke stark stabilitätsgefährdet sind und die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen zur Bemessung solcher Träger jedoch zum Teil noch unbekannt sind, besteht hier ein dringender Forschungsbedarf.Dieser Artikel widmet sich einem der drei wichtigsten Stabilitätsprobleme für Glasträger: dem Biegedrillknicken. Bei diesem Stabilitätsfall weicht ein biegebeanspruchter Träger senkrecht zur äußeren Belastung aus und verdreht sich gleichzeitig.Zur Ermittlung der Tragfähigkeit von Glasträgern wurde ein umfangreiches experimentelles Versuchsprogramm am Fachgebiet Metall‐ und Leichtbau (ehem. Stahlbau) der TU Berlin durchgeführt. Neben dem Last‐Verformungsverhalten für unterschiedliche Lastfälle wurden ebenso Imperfektionen ermittelt. Auf dieser Grundlage ist ein Finite‐Element‐Modell verifiziert worden, mit Hilfe dessen zahlreiche numerische Studien durchgeführt wurden. Aus den Ergebnissen wurde ein praxisgerechtes und wirtschaftliches Bemessungskonzept zum Nachweis des Biegedrillknickversagens von Glasträgern entsprechend einem Ersatzstabverfahren entwickelt. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Verbund im Glasbau – Neues und Bewährtes
Authors: Bucak Ömer , Schuler Christian , Meißner Matthias 
Published: May 2006

AbstractGerade im Zusammenhang mit dem steigenden Bedürfnis an Sicherheit gewinnt der Glas‐Verbundbau im konstruktiven Glasbau immer mehr an Bedeutung. Die Anforderungen an Verbundsicherheitsglas reichen von der Absturzsicherung über das Resttragfähigkeitsverhalten nach Glasbruch bis hin zur Sprengwirkungshemmung. Neben dem Sicherheitsaspekt werden dem Verbund zwischen zwei oder mehreren Gläsern heute immer häufiger auch bauphysikalische Aufgaben, wie zum Beispiel Schallschutz und Sonnen‐ oder Blendschutz zugedacht. Zusätzlich wird die Zwischenschicht aufgrund der zahlreichen Möglichkeiten der Gestaltung (z. B. Färbung, Bedruckung, Einlegen von Geweben etc.) vermehrt durch architektonische Gesichtspunkte bestimmt. Parallel zu den gestiegenen Anforderungen und Möglichkeiten bei der Herstellung von Verbund‐ und Verbundsicherheitsgläsern hat eine breite Forschung im Bereich der Verbundsicherheitsgläser mit Polyvinylbutyral (PVB)‐Zwischenlage stattgefunden und es wurden neuartige Zwischenlagen entwickelt.Dieser Beitrag zeigt Möglichkeiten des Glas‐Verbundes mit unterschiedlichen Verbundzwischenlagen auf und stellt Forschungsergebnisse dar, die zur baurechtlichen Anerkennung der teilweisen Berücksichtigung des Verbundes bei der Bemessung führen sollen. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time course of acylcarnitine elevation in neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency
Authors: Lee Ni‐Chung , Chien Yin‐Hsiu , Kobayashi Keiko , Saheki Takeyori , Chen Huey‐Ling , Chiu Pao‐Chin , Ni Yen‐Hsuan , Chang Mei‐Hwei , Hwu Wuh‐Liang 
Published: May 2006

SummaryCitrin is a mitochondrial membrane aspartate–glutamate carrier, and citrin deficiency causes both hyperammonaemia in adults (adult‐onset type II citrullinaemia, CTLN2) and neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD), with metabolic derangements in gluconeogenesis, aerobic glycolysis, urea synthesis, UDP‐galactose epimerase activity, and possibly fatty acid synthesis and utilization. Through neonatal screening and case review, four patients with NICCD who had an acylcarnitine profile during infancy were all found to have an elevation of free carnitine, C2‐carnitine, and long‐chain acylcarnitines. These metabolic abnormalities appeared after the rise of citrulline and bilirubin, but before the elevation of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Although the rise of free carnitine and acylcarnitines seems to be a benign condition, the sequential changes of these metabolic derangements may give clues to the pathogenesis of this interesting disorder.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cataract, developmental delay, lactic acidosis: A novel subtype of 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria
Authors: Rosa Gabriella Di , Deodato Federica , Loupatty Ference J. , Rizzo Cristiano , Carrozzo Rosalba , Santorelli Filippo M. , Boenzi Sara , D'Amico Adele , Tozzi Giulia , Bertini Enrico , Maiorana Andrea , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo 
Published: May 2006

Summary3‐Methylglutaconic aciduria is the biochemical marker of several inherited metabolic diseases. Four types of 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria can be distinguished. In the type I form, accumulation of 3‐methylglutaconate is due to deficient activity of 3‐methylglutaconyl‐CoA hydratase, an enzyme of the leucine degradation pathway. In the other forms, 3‐methylglutaconic acid is not derived from leucine but is of unidentified origin, possibly derived from other metabolic pathways, such as mevalonate metabolism. We report five patients, all presenting a severe early‐onset phenotype characterized by 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cataract, hypotonia/developmental delay, lactic acidosis, and normal 3‐methylglutaconyl‐CoA hydratase activity. This peculiar phenotype, for which a primary mitochondrial disorder is hypothesized, identifies a novel subtype of 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria.
PROPER COVERS OF AMPLE MONOIDS
Authors: Fountain John , Gomes Gracinda M. S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractProper ample monoids are described by means of a certain category acted upon on both sides by a cancellative monoid. Making use of this characterization, we show that every ample monoid $S$ has a proper ample cover, which can be taken to be finite whenever $S$ is finite.
INVERSE SPECTRAL PROBLEMS FOR STURM–LIOUVILLE OPERATORS WITH SINGULAR POTENTIALS. IV. POTENTIALS IN THE SOBOLEV SPACE SCALE
Authors: Hryniv Rostyslav O. , Mykytyuk Yaroslav V. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe solve the inverse spectral problems for the class of Sturm–Liouville operators with singular real-valued potentials from the Sobolev space $W^{s-1}_2(0,1)$, $s\in[0,1]$. The potential is recovered from two spectra or from one spectrum and the norming constants. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the spectral data to correspond to a potential in $W^{s-1}_2(0,1)$ are established.
Teaching Research Methods in an Internet-Based Blended-Learning Setting
Authors: Schober Barbara , Wagner Petra , Reimann Ralph , Atria Moira , Spiel Christiane 
Published: May 2006

This article gives a survey of a blended learning approach called Vienna E-Lecturing (VEL), implemented in the course Research Methods and Evaluation, which is required by the psychology program at the University of Vienna, Austria. VEL replaces a main lecture and has been designed to teach methodological issues more effectively as well as to strengthen students' learning competences in this field. The program's conceptualization is based on instructional and motivational findings yielding the program's two main teaching principles: (1) networking and (2) optimal instructions. The Internet-based course lasts two semesters and is composed of 10 online learning modules and 11 face-to-face meetings (including tutorials). The modules, which are available successively via a learning platform, systematically instruct students to learn more effectively by cooperating and fulfilling different tasks within small groups. The current article describes the program's principles and theoretical background and outlines the 10 online modules. In addition, some module examples are given for illustration.
Salivary apyrases of Triatoma infestans are assembled into homo-oligomers
Authors: Faudry Eric , Santana Jaime M. , Ebel Christine , Vernet Thierry , Teixeira Antonio R. L. 
Published: May 2006

Apyrase activity is present in the saliva of haematophagous arthropods. It is related to blood-feeding because of the apyrase ability to hydrolyse ADP, a key component of platelet aggregation. Five apyrases with apparent molecular masses of 88, 82, 79, 68 and 67 kDa were identified in the saliva of the vector of Chagas disease, Triatoma infestans. The large size observed during purification of these enzymes suggested oligomerization. In the present study, we confirmed, using gel-filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation, the presence of apyrase oligomers with molecular masses of 200 kDa in the saliva. Electrophoretic analyses showed that disulphide bonds were involved in homo-oligomerization. In addition, heterogeneity in disulphide bonds and in pI was detected, with the pI ranging from 4.9 to 5.4. The present study gives the first insights into the quaternary structure of soluble apyrases.