bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Conformation of Butanenitrile in Gas, Liquid, Glass, and Crystalline States: In Relation to the Stability of the Glass State
Authors: Ishii Kikujiro , Nakayama Hideyuki , Koyama Kei , Yokoyama Yoshihiro , Ohashi Yuji 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Molecular conformation of butanenitrile in gas, liquid, glass, and crystalline states was studied to clarify the cause of the stability of its glass state against crystallization. The crystal comprises gauche molecules. However, the trans and gauche conformations have energies very close to each other, with an in-between energy barrier that cannot be surmounted at low temperatures. The multiple conformation that exists in gas and liquid is frozen in the glass, keeping the glass of butanenitrile in the disordered state even at temperatures as high as 100 K.
Photoreduction of Hydrogencarbonate or Ethylene Catalyzed by Trisodium Trisulfonatophthalocyaninatozincate(II)
Authors: Kasuga Kuninobu , Terauchi Masumi , Hara Mayu , Nishie Kenji , Sugimori Tamotsu , Handa Makoto 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
In an aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution of triethanolamine (TEOA), the photosensitizer of the title complex (1), and 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride (MVCl2), MV•+ radicals were formed upon irradiation with visible light; the photoreduction proceeded with light from both the B- (340 nm) and Q- (674 nm) band wavelengths of 1.
The photoreduction of hydrogencarbonate to methane was performed in an aqueous DMSO solution of an electron donor, 1, MVCl2, and ruthenium colloid upon irradiation with visible light. Ethylene was also photoreduced to ethane upon the irradiation of an aqueous solution of an electron donor, 1, MVCl2, and palladium colloid.
Synthesis and Properties of s-Alkyl-Substituted Silanediyl-Bridged and Silanetriyl-Bridged Diiron Complexes, Cp2(CO)2Fe2(μ-CO)[μ-Si(X)CHR2] and Cp2(CO)2Fe2(μ-CO)[μ-Si(DMAP)CHR2]+I− (X = H, I; R = Et, Ph; DMAP = 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine)
Authors: Luh Lung-Shiang , Wen Yuh-Sheng , Tobita Hiromi , Ogino Hiroshi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Photolysis of 2 molar amounts of CpFe(CO)2SiMe3 (= FpSiMe3, 1) with s-alkylsilanes R2CHSiH3 (2a: R = Et; 2b: R = Ph) produces the silylene (or silanediyl)-bridged diiron complexes Cp2(CO)2Fe2(μ-CO)[μ-Si(H)CHR2] (3a: R = Et; 3b: R = Ph) which exist mainly in cis-form. The treatment of cis-3 with an excess amount of CH2I2 stereoselectively affords the iodosilylene-bridged diiron complexes Cp2(CO)2Fe2(μ-CO)[μ-Si(I)CHR2] (4a: R = Et; 4b: R = Ph) in cis-form. The reaction of complexes 4 with 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (= DMAP) gives the base-stabilized silylyne (or silanetriyl)-bridged diiron complexes Cp2(CO)2Fe2(μ-CO)[μ-Si(DMAP)CHR2]+I− (5a: R = Et; 5b: R = Ph) in 35 and 43% yields, respectively. The cis–trans isomerization of complexes 3 was studied under thermal and photochemical reaction conditions. The molar ratios of the cis and trans isomers of complexes 3 in the thermal equilibrium at 50 °C were 95 : 5 (3a) and 78 : 22 (3b), respectively, and in the photostationary state at 10 °C were 80 : 20 and 30 : 70, respectively. The structures of complexes 3b and 4b have been characterized by X-ray diffraction.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer from Tetraphenyl-Substituted 1,2-Digermacyclohexa-3,5-dienes and Related Compounds to C60
Authors: Mochida Kunio , Akazawa Miyuki , Fijitsuka Mamoru , Watanabe Akira , Ito Osamu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The irradiation of benzene–benzonitrile solutions of 3,4,5,6-tetraphenyl-substituted 1,2-digermacyclohexa-3,5-dienes and related compounds in the presence of C60 afforded the corresponding ring-contracted products, namely 1-germacyclopenta-2,4-dienes, with the extrusion of germylene and ring-expanded oxadigerma compounds, namely 1-oxa-2,7-digermacyclohepta-3,5-dienes. The laser flash photolysis of a benzene–benzonitrile solution of 1,2-digermacyclohexa-3,5-dienes in the presence of C60 showed that the transient absorption band of the C60 triplet state (TC60*) appeared immediately at 730 nm. With the decay of TC60*, the absorption bands of the radical anion of C60•− appeared at 1060 nm, showing that an electron transfer takes place from 1,2-digermacyclohexa-3,5-dienes to TC60*. The formation of cyclic oxadigerma compounds was explained by processes of both the photooxidation of 1,2-digermacyclohexa-3,5-dienes in the absence of C60 with singlet oxygen and oxidation of the cation radical of 1,2-digermacyclohexa-3,5-dienes with triplet oxygen.
Crystal Structure of Cesium Salt of β-Isomer of A-Type Vanadium-Trisubstituted Dodecatungstophosphate Anion, A-β-Cs5.4H0.6[PV3W9O40]·12H2O
Authors: Kawafune Isao , Tamura Hatsue , Matsubayashi Gen-estu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of the title compound as the cesium salt of the vanadium-trisubstituted dodecatungstophosphate anion was determined by a single X-ray analysis. The anion is a geometrical β-isomer and an A-type positional isomer; three V atoms are not in disorder with W atoms, being linked to one another through the corner-sharing oxygen atom. The V–V distances are substantially shortened in comparison with the corresponding W–W ones of the β-tungstosilicate analogs, which is attributable to a difference in ion radii of V5+ (0.68 Å) and W6+ (0.74 Å). A non-bonded contact between a Cs atom and one of the bridging oxygen atoms in the V–O–V bonds is apparently short compared with the other contacts between the Cs atoms and oxygen atoms of the polyanion. Taking into consideration that this Cs atom is in disorder with a proton, this bridging oxygen atom is considered to be protonated. A bond-valence calculation for the bridging oxygen atoms in the polyanion also suggests protonation of this bridging oxygen atom.
Steric-Hindrance Effect of a Substituent in the Self-Assembly Process of Copper(II) Complexes with Quadridentate Schiff-Base Ligands Involving a 2-Substituted-Imidazole Moiety
Authors: Matsumoto Naohide , Mimura Masaaki , Sunatsuki Yukinari , Eguchi Shingo , Mizuguchi Yukiko , Miyasaka Hitoshi , Nakashima Toshio 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Four copper(II) complexes with unsymmetrical quadridentate ligands involving an imidazole moiety, [CuHLn]ClO4 (1—4; n = 1—4), have been prepared and characterized, where HL1 = N-salicylidene-N′-(2-methylimidazol-4-ylmethylidene)-1,3-propanediamine, HL2 = N-salicylidene-N′-(2-phenylimidazol-4-ylmethylidene)-1,3-propanediamine, HL3 = N-acetylacetonylidene-N′-(2-methylimidazol-4-ylmethylidene)ethylenediamine, HL4 = N-acetylacetonylidene-N′-(2-phenylimidazol-4-ylmethylidene)ethylenediamine, respectively. The corresponding deprotonated complexes 1′—4′ were obtained when 1—4 were treated under an alkaline condition. Deprotonation of the imidazole moiety of the copper(II) complex motivates a self-assembly process which is formed by an axial coordination of the imidazolate nitrogen atom of a molecular unit to the copper(II) ion of another unit. 1′—3′ assumes a self-assembled imidazolate-bridged infinite-chain structure {Cu(II)–Im}n in the solid state, while the polymeric species dissociates to monomeric species in the solution state. 4′ consists of a discrete deprotonated monomeric species, even in the solid state. The physical measurements, including reflectance and absorption spectra, cryomagnetic measurements, and single-crystal X-ray analyses, revealed that the self-assembly behavior for the series of copper(II) complexes depends both on the steric effect of the substituent of 2-substituted-4-formylimidazole moiety and the ligand field strength of the equatorial quadridentate ligand.
Studies on Dichalcogena Dications of 2-Center-2-electron and 3-Center-4-electron Bonds: Isolation and Intermediary Formation
Authors: Furukawa Naomichi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
1,5-(Dithia and diselena)cyclooctanes gave the dithia and diselena dications. Their structures were determined by X-ray crystallographic analyses. Similarly, dithia and diselena dications were produced on oxidation with 2 equiv of NOBF4 or NOPF6 or on treatment of the corresponding monooxides with Tf2O or concd H2SO4 from the sterically congested bis-sulfides or bis-selenides, such as 1,9-bis(thio- or seleno-substituted)dibenzochalcogenophene, 1,8-bis(thio- or seleno-substituted)naphthalenes and 2,2′-(thio- or seleno-substituted) 1,1′-biphenyls. These dications, however, were found to be unstable and to release the substituents attached at the chalcogen atoms. These either generated reactive species, i.e., quinodimethane and alkyl cations or demonstrated new reactions such as thio-Claisen rearrangement or photochemical conversion of naphtho[1,8-de]-1,3-dithiin derivatives.
Diphenyl chalcogenides bearing 2,6-bis(methylthiomethyl), 2,6-bis(methylselenomethyl) and 2,6-bis[(dimethylamino)methyl] substituents produced the hypervalent chalcogenuranes(λ4). Their structures were determined by X-ray crystallographic analyses and their charge distributions were estimated by the ab initio MO-calculation and 77Se- or 125Te-NMR spectroscopy. Methyl 2,6-bis[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl selenide and telluride gave stable monoselenenium and monotellurenium cations on oxidative demethylation by the reaction with t-BuOCl. These are the first monovalent selenenium and tellurenium cation species.
Optically Active Cobalt(III) Complexes Containing Partial Cubane Co3O4 Core: Syntheses and Structures of the Isomers of [Co3(L)3(μ-OH)3(μ3-O)]Cl (L = Ethylenediamine-N-acetate)
Authors: Ama Tomoharu , Shiro Motoo , Takeuchi Akiyoshi , Yonemura Toshiaki , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Yasui Takaji 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Four isomers (T0, T1, T2, and T3) of [Co3(edma)3(μ-OH)3(μ3-O)]Cl (edma: ethylenediamine-N-acetate) containing a partial cubane Co3O4 core were isolated and optically resolved. The geometrical structures and absolute configurations of optically active -T2 chloride–water (1/7) and -T3 chloride–water (1/7) were determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The absolute configurations of optically active T0 and T1 were assigned on the basis of the NMR, UV, and CD spectral data. Each isomer was stable for at least 5 d in its neutral aqueous solution. Reversible protonation accompanying a color change was observed for each isomer in the pH range 2—7; this protonation did not accompany the cleavage of its partial cubane core. However, slow decomposition of each isomer was observed in its 60% HClO4 solution.
Cysteine188 Revealed as Being Critical for the Enzyme Activity of Arylmalonate Decarboxylase by Site-Directed Mutagenesis
Authors: Miyazaki Mamoru , Kakidani Hitoshi , Hanzawa Satoshi , Ohta Hiromichi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Arylmalonate decarboxylase (AMDase) catalyzes the asymmetric decarboxylation of α-aryl-α-methylmalonic acid. Since this enzyme is inhibited by SH-reagents, a cysteine residue is supposed to be involved at the catalytic site. Cloning of the gene which codes the enzyme revealed that this enzyme contains four cysteine residues. Titration of free SH groups by p-(chloromercurio)benzoate disclosed that all four Cys are in the reduced form. In this study, four mutant enzymes (C101S, C148S, C171S, and C188S) were prepared, in which one of four cysteines was replaced by serine. The CD spectra indicated that the conformational differences of C101S and C188S compared to that of the native enzyme are not so significant. The catalytic activities of the four mutants were measured. Among these mutant enzymes, only C188S showed a drastic decrease in enzyme activity, indicating that cysteine188 is located at the active center of the enzyme. The catalytic activities of the other mutants are also discussed.
Negation and the role of gender and ethnic identity in the discourse of Malaysian children
Authors: Yip Cheng Karen Kow 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
This study is a qualitative study of Malaysian children aged between four and six years engaged in a story-telling task. The question posed in this piece of research, then, is the role played by gender and ethnic identity in discourse. If it does play a role, what, then, is the nature of this role? Listed below are the aims of this study:

1. To chart relatively uninterrupted discourse in story-telling among children aged between four and six.

2. To discover gender and ethnic differences in narrative forms, in particular, focus will be given to the use of negation.

3. To examine the role of gender and ethnic identity on the discourse of children.

The path taken by this study is to analyse discourse in story-telling. The aim is to examine the use of negation by children of both sexes and of two ethnic groups in Malaysia (Malays and Chinese) in the act of story-telling. This study is exciting in that actual transcriptions of the story-telling can be analyzed.
Malay ESL college students' spoken discourse: The use of formulaic expressions
Authors: Govindasamy Subramaniam , Kahn Mohana Nambiar 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
For communication purposes, formulaic expressions can be an easy and efficient way to impart information. Very often campaign slogans are built on using such expressions. Because the context and implications are transparent to the listening public, further explanations are usually not required. But once people get used to such a paratactic mode of expression, orally oriented language users may be lulled into thinking that, when they use such a mode of expression, there is no need for further elaboration of an issue at hand. This study examines whether literate Malays (undergraduates) use formulaic expressions in the spoken texts they produce. And in the event that they do, the study also hopes to determine the nature of topics that draws the use of such expressions. The results of the study show categorically that urban students do not use formulaic expressions. However, there is a tendency among rural students to use such expressions especially when discussing topics which are context reduced, i. e. when topics are more abstract.
Plato and the sympotic form in the Symposium of St Methodius of Olympus
Authors: Bril Alexander 
Published: June 2006

Zusammenfassung
Formal ist das Symposion des Methodios von Olympos ein Flickwerk, dessen Gestalt hauptsächlich auf dem Symposion Platons beruht. Sein Autor hat zwar Platon sehr viele Worte, Redensarten und Motive unmittelbar entnommen, aber er verrät in vielen Punkten seine Unkenntnis der echten Symposionkonventionen. Wenn man die platonische und methodianische Behandlung der sympotischen literarischen Gattung vergleicht, sieht man, daß diese Gattung zu Inhalt und Personen des Dialogs des Methodios nicht paßte, und daß es diesem Autor mißlang, die Entwicklung seiner theologisch-philosophischen Begriffe zu dem sympotischen Hintergrund in Beziehung zu setzen. Aus diesem Grund (und auch aus anderen Gründen) ist das Stück dramatisch und künstlerisch gänzlich erfolglos. Vielleicht durch seine Polemik gegen die Neoplatoniker, durch sein Interesse für die platonische Lehren (besonders über den ἔρως) und durch seine tiefe Liebe zu platonischer Sprache und Stil ist Methodios bewogen worden, die sympotische literarische Gattung anzunehmen.
Cardiac Amyloidosis Due to Transthyretin Protein
Authors: Ruberg Frederick L. , Maurer Mathew S. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceSystemic amyloidosis from transthyretin (ATTR) protein is the most common type of amyloidosis that causes cardiomyopathy.ObservationsTransthyretin (TTR) protein transports thyroxine (thyroid hormone) and retinol (vitamin A) and is synthesized predominantly by the liver. When the TTR protein misfolds, it can form amyloid fibrils that deposit in the heart causing heart failure, heart conduction block, or arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillation. The biological processes by which amyloid fibrils form are incompletely understood but are associated with aging and, in some patients, affected by inherited variants in the TTR genetic sequence. ATTR amyloidosis results from misfolded TTR protein deposition. ATTR can occur in association with normal TTR genetic sequence (wild-type ATTR) or with abnormal TTR genetic sequence (variant ATTR). Wild-type ATTR primarily manifests as cardiomyopathy while ATTR due to a genetic variant manifests as cardiomyopathy and/or polyneuropathy. Approximately 50 000 to 150 000 people in the US have heart failure due to ATTR amyloidosis. Without treatment, heart failure due to ATTR amyloidosis is associated with a median survival of approximately 5 years. More than 130 different inherited genetic variants in TTR exist. The most common genetic variant is Val122Ile (pV142I), an allele with an origin in West African countries, that is present in 3.4% of African American individuals in the US or approximately 1.5 million persons. The diagnosis can be made using serum free light chain assay and immunofixation electrophoresis to exclude light chain amyloidosis combined with cardiac nuclear scintigraphy to detect radiotracer uptake in a pattern consistent with amyloidosis. Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, torsemide, and bumetanide, are the primary treatment for fluid overload and symptomatic relief of patients with ATTR heart failure. An ATTR-directed therapy that inhibited misfolding of the TTR protein (tafamidis, a protein stabilizer), compared with placebo, reduced mortality from 42.9% to 29.5%, reduced hospitalizations from 0.7/year to 0.48/year, and was most effective when administered early in disease course.Conclusions and RelevanceATTR amyloidosis causes cardiomyopathy in up to approximately 150 000 people in the US and tafamidis is the only currently approved therapy. Tafamidis slowed progression of ATTR amyloidosis and improved survival and prevented hospitalization, compared with placebo, in people with ATTR-associated cardiomyopathy.
Homozygous variant in COQ7 causes autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Qiu Yusen , Xiong Ying , Wang Lulu , Zhu Min , Tan Dandan , Hong Daojun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiallelic mutations in the coenzyme Q7 (COQ7) encoding gene were recently identified as a genetic cause of distal hereditary motor neuropathy. Here, we explored the clinical, electrophysiological, pathological, and genetic characteristics of a Chinese patient with spastic paraplegia associated with recessive variants in COQ7. This patient carried a novel c.322C>A (p.Pro108Thr) homozygous variant. Sural biopsy revealed mild mixed axonal and demyelinating degeneration. Immunoblotting showed a significant decrease in the COQ7 protein level in the patient's fibroblasts. This study confirmed that COQ7 variant as a genetic cause of HSP, and further extended spastic paraplegia to the phenotypic spectrum of COQ7‐related disorders.
Magical Transubstantiations: A Voyage to Italy
Authors: Wagner Aleksandra , Spiller Neil 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVisiting Italy in 1978 as part of his own Grand Tour, Lebbeus Woods was able to see some of the treasures of the Renaissance and the Baroque. The ensuing mix of reality and imagination prompted the Editors of this 2, Aleksandra Wagner and Neil Spiller, to consider the visual travelogue –Cityscapes – in a similar manner, combining speculation and truth.
Solar‐Driven Selective Oxidation Over Bismuth‐Based Semiconductors: From Prolific Catalysts to Diverse Reactions
Authors: Li Shutao , Li Yuanrui , Huang Hongwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSynthesis of organic compounds often necessitates rigorous reaction conditions or the involvement of hazardous oxidants, resulting in substantial energy consumption and considerable environmental damage. Photocatalytic selective oxidation represents a green and environmentally friendly way to obtain high‐value chemicals, which has developed rapidly in recent years. Bismuth‐based (Bi‐based) semiconductor materials have gained intense interest in selective organic synthesis due to their diverse crystal structures and compositions, tunable band structure, and outstanding photocatalytic performance. Herein, a systematic summary of the solar‐driven selective oxidation over varieties of Bi‐based semiconductors is provided. Initially, the reactive species involved in selective oxidation, Bi‐based materials widely used in photocatalytic selective oxidation, and the methods for synthesizing these Bi‐based materials are meticulously classified. Concerning their selective oxidation reactions, a variety of modification strategies, with a focus on the separation of photogenerated carriers and the regulation of reactive species is extensively documented. Highlights are the diverse applications and mechanism discussions of Bi‐based photocatalysts in the oxidation reactions, including alcohol oxidation, C─H bond activation, amine oxidation, and sulfide oxidation, as well as the coupling reactions with photoreduction. Finally, the future development prospects and challenges of Bi‐based photocatalysts in the field of selective oxidation is proposed, hoping to provide valuable insights and guidance for the design of photocatalysts for selective oxidation.
18.63% Efficiency of Ternary Organic Solar Cells Achieved via Nonhalogenated Solvent and Hot Spin‐Coating Process
Authors: Huang Tianhuan , Geng Shuang , Wang Dongjie , Zhang Yang , Weng Nan , Li Xiao , Liao Qiaogan , Zhang Zheling , Lu Jiangrong , Zhang Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe solubility problem of conjugated polymers in nonhalogenated solvents limits the application of nonhalogenated solvents in Organic solar cells (OSCs). By combining with a hot spin‐coating process, efficient PM6:BTP‐BO‐4F:GS‐ISO ternary OSCs are prepared by employing o‐xylene as a solvent. After adding 10 wt% content of GS‐ISO to PM6:BTP‐BO‐4F, the surface morphology in the active layers is improved and the charge extraction, transport, and collection in OSCs are enhanced. Compared with the efficiency of PM6:BTP‐BO‐4F OSCs (16.25%), an efficiency of 18.63% is achieved for PM6:BTP‐BO‐4F:GS‐ISO ternary OSCs. Moreover, PM6:BTP‐BO‐4F:GS‐ISO ternary OSCs with an efficiency of 14.13% are prepared in air. The work provides a new strategy for preparing efficient and environmentally friendly OSCs using green solvents.
Engineered PVDF/PLCL/PEDOT Dual Electroactive Nerve Conduit to Mediate Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by Modulating the Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Wang Qiqi , Wei Yingqi , Yin Xiaohong , Zhan Guancheng , Cao Xiaodong , Gao Huichang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectroactive materials are increasingly recognized for their efficacy in promoting the repair of peripheral nerve injury. However, the mechanism by which electroactive materials promote peripheral nerve regeneration by modulating the immune microenvironment remains incompletely explored. In this study, a PVDF/PLCL/PEDOT artificial peripheral nerve conduit with dual electroactivity by integrating piezoelectric properties and electrical conductivity is constructed. The electroactive conduit exhibited excellent spontaneous electrical and conductive properties, superior suture resistance and anti‐twisting properties. Detailed in vitro cell experiments and in vivo animal experiments are conducted, revealing that the electroactive nerve conduit can effectively promote rat sciatic nerve regeneration while facilitating reconstruction of both nerve conduction function and motor function. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism in depth is investigated and found that the electroactive material can regulate the immune microenvironment by activating the PI3K/AKT‐Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby promoting macrophage polarization toward M2 anti‐inflammatory phenotype. This subsequently facilitated Schwann cell recruitment and myelin formation through mediation of the macrophage paracrine system. Importantly, blocking immune signaling pathways diminished the effectiveness of the electroactive nerve conduit in promoting nerve repair. The work elucidated how electroactive materials modulate immune microenvironment to positively impact peripheral nerve repair, highlighting the critical role of immune modulation in peripheral nerve repair.