bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Component‐specific clusters for diagnosis and prediction of allergic airway diseases
Authors: Howard Rebecca , Fontanella Sara , Simpson Angela , Murray Clare S. , Custovic Adnan , Rattray Magnus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies which applied machine learning on multiplex component‐resolved diagnostics arrays identified clusters of allergen components which are biologically plausible and reflect the sources of allergenic proteins and their structural homogeneity. Sensitization to different clusters is associated with different clinical outcomes.ObjectiveTo investigate whether within different allergen component sensitization clusters, the internal within‐cluster sensitization structure, including the number of c‐sIgE responses and their distinct patterns, alters the risk of clinical expression of symptoms.MethodsIn a previous analysis in a population‐based birth cohort, by clustering component‐specific (c‐s)IgEs, we derived allergen component clusters from infancy to adolescence. In the current analysis, we defined each subject's within‐cluster sensitization structure which captured the total number of c‐sIgE responses in each cluster and intra‐cluster sensitization patterns. Associations between within‐cluster sensitization patterns and clinical outcomes (asthma and rhinitis) in early‐school age and adolescence were examined using logistic regression and binomial generalized additive models.ResultsIntra‐cluster sensitization patterns revealed specific associations with asthma and rhinitis (both contemporaneously and longitudinally) that were previously unseen using binary sensitization to clusters. A more detailed description of the subjects' within‐cluster c‐sIgE responses in terms of the number of positive c‐sIgEs and unique sensitization patterns added new information relevant to allergic diseases, both for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. For example, the increase in the number of within‐cluster positive c‐sIgEs at age 5 years was correlated with the increase in prevalence of asthma at ages 5 and 16 years, with the correlations being stronger in the prediction context (e.g. for the largest ‘Broad’ component cluster, contemporaneous: r = .28, p = .012; r = .22, p = .043; longitudinal: r = .36, p = .004; r = .27, p = .04).ConclusionAmong sensitized individuals, a more detailed description of within‐cluster c‐sIgE responses in terms of the number of positive c‐sIgE responses and distinct sensitization patterns, adds potentially important information relevant to allergic diseases.
A Structural Measurement of the Valuation Effect of China's External Assets: Method and Application
Authors: Cai Guowei , Chen Xiaowei , Wang Xun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExisting research on the measurement of the valuation effect mainly follows the residual method proposed by Lane and Milesi‐Ferretti (2001). This cannot be used to perform structural decomposition. We propose an aggregation approach rather than the residual method to measure structurally the investment flow and valuation effect of China's external assets. The results indicate that the valuation effect of China's external assets has been highly volatile and it was negative during the pandemic period. The structural decomposition shows that portfolio investment and direct investment made the main contributions to the valuation effect. The impact of exchange rates on the valuation effect has generally been higher than that of asset price in terms of direct investment and total external assets but the opposite has been true for portfolio investment. China's outward investments are currently more inclined to Asian countries and a few European countries but inflows to China still mainly come from developed countries.
Policy pathways to reduce disproportionate burdens in tuna fisheries
Authors: Haas Bianca , Azmi Kamal , Sinan Hussain , Hanich Quentin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement requires states to recognise the special requirements of developing countries and to ensure that conservation and management measures do not place a disproportionate burden on developing countries. The aim of this article is to assess what policy arrangements are required to reduce the identified disproportionate burden. We developed a policy pathway that would allow members of tuna regional fisheries management organisations (tRFMOs) to strengthen their efforts to meet their duty to share conservation burdens more equitably. This pathway consists of policy options that were developed by using policy analysis, which is an innovative approach that provides actionable outcomes that can be used by tRFMO member states. Despite the global attention to reducing disproportionate conservation burdens, developing states are still suffering. The results of this article provide novel and timely policy options that have the potential to reduce the conservation burden carried by developing states.
Bidirectional effect of uric acid on C2C12 myotubes and its partial mechanism
Authors: Li Yuanfen , Zhang Yingxiao , Wu Yaoxuan , Yu Jing , Guo Ai , Fu Rao , Xiao Qian 
Published: March 2024

AimTo explore the effects and mechanisms of different concentrations of uric acid on skeletal muscle cells.MethodsC2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes and then exposed to a medium containing uric acid (0 μM, 200 μM, 400 μM, 600 μM, 800 μM, 1000 μM, 1200 μM, 1400 μM). The myotube diameters were observed under light microscopy; the expressions of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), autophagy‐related proteins (LC3BII/LC3BI, P62), cGAS, and p‐Sting/Sting proteins were analyzed using Western blotting or immunoprecipitation; and oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage were evaluated using ROS, mtDNA and JC‐1 assays. Cell viability was measured via CCK8 assay, and 1000‐μM uric acid was selected for follow‐up experiments. Furthermore, C2C12 myotubes were divided into a blank control group (Ctrl), a high‐uric‐acid group (HUA), and an HUA plus cGASn inhibitor group (HUA + RU.521). Then, the myotube diameter was observed, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage were evaluated, and MyHC and autophagy‐related protein expressions were analysed.ResultsC2C12 myotubes cultured in 400‐μM uric acid medium had the greatest myotube diameter and the highest MyHC protein expression. At 1000‐μM uric acid, the diameter and MyHC protein expression were significantly decreased, LCB3II/LCB3I expression was notably increased, and the level of p62 protein expression was considerably decreased. RU.521 partially alleviated the HUA‐induced C2C12 myotubes changes.ConclusionsUric acid bidirectionally affected C2C12 myotubes: 400‐μΜ uric acid promoted myotube growth, while 1000‐μΜ uric acid triggered myotube atrophy with increased autophagy. Inhibiting cGAS‐Sting signaling attenuated HUA‐induced C2C12 myotube autophagy and atrophy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 430–439.
Association between pharmacotherapy and secondary vertebral fracture managed with a brace in a real‐world setting: A nationwide database study in Japan
Authors: Nakatoh Shinichi , Fujimori Kenji , Ishii Shigeyuki , Tamaki Junko , Okimoto Nobukazu , Ogawa Sumito , Iki Masayuki 
Published: March 2024

AimThis retrospective cohort study assessed the association between the incidence of secondary vertebral fracture managed with a brace (SVF) and pharmacotherapy.MethodsThe association between the incidence of SVF and the presence, type, and medication possession ratio (MPR) of pharmacotherapy was investigated using medical insurance data acquired from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan.ResultsThe data of female patients (n = 637 303) were analyzed. The 2‐year incidence of SVF was 73.5 per 10 000 patients (n = 4687). Approximately 0.73% of patients without medications and 0.74% with medications had SVF. Patients taking bisphosphonates (0.87), denosumab (0.77), and selective estrogen receptor modulators (0.88) had significantly lower standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) than patients not taking medications after the occurrence of primary fracture; meanwhile, patients taking parathyroid hormone medications had considerably higher SIRs than those not taking medications. The non‐SVF group (59.1%) had a significantly higher mean MPR than the SVF group (55.5%). Patients taking denosumab in the non‐SVF group (68.2%) had the highest mean MPR. The proportion of patients taking denosumab with an MPR of ≥80% in the non‐SVF group was significantly higher than that in the SVF group.ConclusionPatients taking medications were at a lower risk of developing SVF than those not taking medications. Although this study did not compare the medications' SVF prevention effects, patients taking denosumab had a 0.77 SIR of SVF in Japan. The effect of pharmacotherapy on SVF prevention might be affected by the MPR of each medication. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 390–397.
Prognostic value of micrometric substaging in pT1 bladder cancer patients treated with en‐bloc transurethral resection
Authors: Yanagisawa Takafumi , Sato Shun , Hayashida Yasushi , Okada Yohei , Matsukawa Akihiro , Iwatani Kosuke , Shimoda Masayuki , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Kimura Takahiro , Shariat Shahrokh F , Miki Jun 
Published: March 2024

AimsWe aimed to assess the oncological impact of micrometric extent of invasion in patients with pT1 bladder cancer (BCa) who underwent en‐bloc resection for bladder tumour (ERBT).Methods and resultsWe retrospectively analysed the records and specimens of 106 pT1 high‐grade BCa patients who underwent ERBT. The extent of invasion, such as depth from basal membrane, number of invasive foci, maximum width of invasive focus, muscularis mucosae invasion and infiltration pattern (pattern A: solid sheet‐like, nodular or nested growth, pattern B: trabecular, small cluster or single‐cell pattern) were evaluated by a single genitourinary pathologist. The end‐points were recurrence‐free (RFS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). Within a median follow‐up of 23 months, overall, 36 patients experienced recurrence and 13 patients experienced disease progression. The 2‐year PFS differed significantly depending on depth from basal membrane (< 1.3 mm: 94.8% versus ≧ 1.3 mm: 65.2%, P = 0.005), maximum width of invasive focus (< 4 mm: 91.7% versus ≧ 4 mm: 62.3%, P < 0.001), muscularis mucosae (MM) invasion (above MM = 96.1% versus into or beyond MM = 64.8%, P = 0.002) and infiltration pattern (pattern A: 100% versus pattern B: 83.3%, P = 0.037). In a multivariable analysis, MM invasion [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25–16.5] and maximum width of invasive focus ≧ 4 mm (HR = 4.79, 95% CI = 1.25–16.5) were independent prognostic factors of progression.ConclusionsEn‐bloc resection facilitates the evaluation of pathologic variables that might be useful in predicting disease recurrence and progression. In particular, not only the MM invasion but also the maximum width of invasion focus, reflecting the invasive volume, appear to be reliable prognosticators for disease progression.
Disentangling how urbanisation influences moth diversity in grasslands
Authors: Sanetra Dennis , Berger Johanna , Hartlieb Margarita , Simons Nadja K. , Walther Genevieve , Blüthgen Nico , Staab Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Urban areas have profound impacts on local species diversity and composition through a set of intertwined changes in the environment. As the world is rapidly urbanising while simultaneously facing a biodiversity crisis, a better understanding of how urbanisation influences biodiversity is necessary.
To test if and how urbanisation influences moth diversity and whether urbanisation is acting directly or indirectly via urbanisation‐induced increased habitat isolation, smaller habitat area, higher light pollution and increased mowing intensity, we sampled moths with light trapping in 20 grasslands in the urban core of the city of Darmstadt (southwestern Germany) and 20 grasslands in the surrounding area.
Moth abundance and diversity decreased with increasing urbanisation. Smaller habitat area and high mowing intensity reduced moth abundance, while other environmental variables including isolation and light pollution had only indirect effects. High levels of urbanisation were associated with reduced moth abundance, which in turn drove declines in diversity. Urbanised sites favoured generalist species and differed in species composition compared to sites in the surrounding.
The results show that urbanisation is directly reducing moth abundance and diversity in cities. The negative effect of urbanisation is further attenuated by habitat fragmentation and high mowing intensity, which are both known drivers of biodiversity decline in urban areas and beyond.
While urbanisation itself is often irreversible, reducing mowing intensity and preserving larger grassland areas could facilitate moths and other taxa in and around cities.
Local floral abundance influences bumble bee occupancy more than urban‐agricultural landscape context
Authors: Nunes Laura A. , Tai Taylor , Zuckerberg Benjamin , Clare John D. , Jepsen Sarina , Strange James , Gratton Claudio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Loss of natural habitat due to increases in agricultural extent raises the question of whether human‐dominated landscape types can support biodiversity, particularly for declining insect pollinators. Compared to more rural agricultural landscapes, urban areas may confer benefits for bumble bee populations by providing stable and diverse floral resources. However, disentangling the effects of local‐ and landscape‐scale characteristics on bumble bee populations in human‐modified landscapes is challenging.
Here, we assessed bumble bee occupancy using a repeated transect sampling design conducted during the summers of 2019 and 2020 within the metropolitan area of Madison, WI, and the surrounding agricultural landscape. We fit hierarchical occupancy models to estimate the detection (p) and occupancy () probabilities relative to local habitat quality (floral abundance and floral richness) and landscape (agricultural‐urban gradient) features for eight bumble bee species. We hypothesised that bumble bees were more likely to occupy urban areas, serving as refugia, relative to agricultural sites.
We found that the detection probability of all bumble bee species was seasonal and influenced by maximum floral abundance at survey sites, independent of the surrounding land cover type. After accounting for species‐specific detection probabilities, the effect of urbanisation on bee occupancy was weak, and no species were less likely to occupy urban than rural agricultural areas.
Our findings suggest that bumble bee occupancy is associated with a ‘honeypot effect’ where local resource availability, in the form of higher floral abundance, is most important in limiting the occupancy of bumble bees across urban and agricultural landscapes.
Taxonomic and functional homogenization of butterfly communities along an urban gradient
Authors: Rivest Stephanie A. , Kharouba Heather M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Urbanization is a major cause of global insect declines, yet some species can persist, and even thrive, in cities.
Research on butterflies frequently report reduced diversity in urban habitats compared to rural ones, but less is known about whether urbanization favours butterflies with specific functional traits. Further, few studies have evaluated whether urbanization leads to the biotic homogenization of butterfly communities, despite being frequently reported for other taxa.
Here, we investigate how butterfly community composition changes along an urban gradient by surveying 44 sites around Montréal, Quebec, Canada. We test the hypothesis that urban butterfly communities are homogenized at the taxonomic and functional levels.
We found clear differences in the structure of urban versus rural butterfly communities with urban areas favouring a few, highly abundant, non‐native species. These shifts were defined by losses of native species richness and abundance combined with increases in non‐native species abundance. For most of the butterfly community, species with longer flight periods were more common in urban areas. Finally, urban communities were homogenized at the taxonomic and functional levels as demonstrated by reductions in beta diversity and variation in several key functional traits (wingspan, larval diet breadth, oviposition style) in urban habitats compared to rural ones.
Overall, urban habitats in this region support less diverse butterfly communities that are homogenized. Since urban areas are growing worldwide, a better understanding of how biotic homogenization arises and what its consequences are will be key to guiding future conservation efforts.
Insect ecology and conservation in urban areas: An overview of knowledge and needs
Authors: Collins Catherine Matilda (Tilly) , Audusseau Helene , Hassall Chris , Keyghobadi Nusha , Sinu Palatty Allesh , Saunders Manu E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Urban expansion across the globe profoundly impacts local biodiversity. The growing body of urban ecology research on animals has largely focused on mammals and birds, whereas knowledge of insect ecology and conservation in urban areas remains limited.
To anchor this Special Issue (SI), we have taken a broad approach to editorial and conducted a structured literature search to set the scene. We provide here an overview of existing literature reviews on urban insect ecology and conservation, indicate where the articles included in this SI contribute to developing our understanding and point to priority areas for further investigation.
Key themes in the growing literature (at individual, species, and/or community level) include the influence of habitat quality, quantity and land use type on insect diversity; the impacts of anthropogenic pollution (for instance, heat, noise, light and chemicals); habitat connectivity and changes in habitat structure and impacts of urban density on genetic diversity. Insect diversity and abundance broadly decline with urban density and loss of habitat. Beyond this, variation in responses of different taxa, or in different regions, and methodological limitations of individual studies make it challenging to identify general patterns.
Insect ecology and conservation research in urban environments should focus on applying ecological theory to understand variation in diversity patterns; investigating interactions between climate change and urban contexts; identifying impacts of novel environments on insect biodiversity; addressing methodological limitations and harmonising methodological approaches; and exploring the influence of social and historical factors on urban insect biodiversity. Insect conservation must also consider research into how best to communicate the value of urban insects to urban humans.
Schistocyte detection in artificial intelligence age
Authors: Zhang Zeng , Yang Su , Wang Xiuhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSchistocytes are fragmented red blood cells produced as a result of mechanical damage to erythrocytes, usually due to microangiopathic thrombotic diseases or mechanical factors. The early laboratory detection of schistocytes has a critical impact on the timely diagnosis, effective treatment, and positive prognosis of diseases such as thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Due to the rapid development of science and technology, laboratory hematology has also advanced. The accuracy and efficiency of tests performed by fully automated hematology analyzers and fully automated morphology analyzers have been considerably improved. In recent years, substantial improvements in computing power and machine learning (ML) algorithm development have dramatically extended the limits of the potential of autonomous machines. The rapid development of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) has led to the iteration and upgrade of automated detection of schistocytes. However, along with significantly facilitated operation processes, AI has brought challenges. This review summarizes the progress in laboratory schistocyte detection, the relationship between schistocytes and clinical diseases, and the progress of AI in the detection of schistocytes. In addition, current challenges and possible solutions are discussed, as well as the great potential of AI techniques for schistocyte testing in peripheral blood.
Effects of a disincentive policy on behavioral changes by South Korean medical institutions that do not submit official nursing grade data
Authors: Kim Yunmi , Lee Kyounga , Jung Minho 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine whether the policy of imposing deductions on medical institutions in South Korea led to increased submission of nursing grade data.BackgroundIn Korea, medical institutions are required to report data on their nursing workforce; however, many institutions did not comply with this regulation, making it difficult to gauge their level of nurse staffing. Therefore, in 2020, a nursing fee deduction policy was introduced that penalizes medical institutions financially for failing to submit nursing workforce data.MethodsWe prospectively collected data on the characteristics, nursing grade, and data submission status of 1,200 hospitals in South Korea from 2015 to 2021. We analyzed the submission rate of data related to nursing grades according to the characteristics of the medical institutions and evaluated the effect of policy change on data submission status using multiple logistic regression.FindingsThe submission rate of data increased from 50.2% in 2015 to 93.3% in 2021, and 39.3% of medical institutions that had not previously submitted data did so after the policy was introduced. The submission rate of medical institutions unaffected by the policy also increased after its introduction. Compared with 2015, the likelihood of medical institutions submitting data increased by 23.69 times in 2020 and 20.47 times in 2021.ConclusionThe appropriate use of disincentive policies, such as financial deductions for medical institutions showing inappropriate behavior, was found to be effective in inducing desirable changes in the behavior of medical institutions.Implications for nursing and health policyProperly planned and implemented policies can contribute to improved quality of medical services and patient safety through effective administrative control.