bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global optimization method using intermittency chaos
Authors: Fujita Tokumitu , Watanabe Takao , Yasuda Keiichiro , Yokoyama Ryuichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe nonlinear global optimization methods developed so far can be divided into deterministic methods and stochastic methods. Various approaches proposed recently in which chaos, which is a probabilistic phenomenon and is generated by a deterministic dynamical system, is used to solve nonlinear global optimization problems. Chaos is used in these methods because fluctuations away from the local solution and global optimal solution can be searched without trapping into the local solution. the method of unconstrained global optimization proposed here uses intermittency chaos. In this proposed method, the time history of a discrete dynamical system containing the return map, which generates the intermittency chaos, is simulated and during convergence (nonperiodically) to the local optimal solution, the global optimal solution is searched without trapping into the local optimal solution. the validity of the proposed method is confirmed by applying it to a standard test problem.
Algorithms for computing the distances between unordered trees
Authors: Liu Shaoming , Tanaka Eiichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes algorithms for computing three kinds of distances between two rooted and unordered trees (R‐trees) and those between two unrooted and unordered trees (trees). Those are the distance based on the strongly structure preserving mapping (SSPD), that based on the closest common ancestor mappings (CD) and that based on the maximal closest common ancestor mapping (MCD). the time and space complexities to compute each distance between two R‐trees Ta and Tb are OT(ma Na Nb) and OS(Na Nb), respectively, and those to compute each distance between two trees Ta and Tb are OT(max(ma,mb)2 NaNb) and OS(NaNb), respectively, where ma(mb) and Na(Nb) are the largest degree of a vertex and the number of vertices of Ta(Tb), respectively. the proposed algorithms for SSPD and CD are more efficient than the algorithms previously proposed. MCD is newly proposed in this paper. Those distances can be applied to structureactivity studies in chemistry and various structure comparison problems.
A study of DCT image coding using adaptive three‐dimensional scanning
Authors: Sugiura Akihiko , Inatsu Minoru 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn video bandwidth compression, motion compensation and two‐dimensional DCT have been used in a hybrid scheme. In this research, in place of the motion compensation of previous methods, a three‐dimensional DCT is investigated that uses a DCT transform to reduce the interframe redundancy. When a three‐dimensional DCT transform method is used for transmitting the DCT coefficients of video, the transmitted code rate and decoder signal‐to‐noise ratio can vary depending upon the three‐dimensional scanning method used for the DCT coefficients. These parameters are influenced by both image detail and motion. an adaptive scanning method is proposed in which the three‐dimensional scanning method is adaptively switched among four options. Simulation results show that compared to a fixed scanning method, in the adaptive approach, when all the post‐quantized coefficients are transmitted (fixed image quality), the transmitted coded rate is economized, and even for the case in which the number of DCT coefficients that is transmitted is restricted, the reduction in image quality can be made very small.
Acceleration of the steepest descent method for the real symmetric eigenvalue problem
Authors: Ozeki Takashi , Iijima Taizo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the eigenvalue problem for the real symmetric matrix, especially the determination of the largest eigenvalue. the largest eigenvalue is the maximum extremum of the objective function called the Rayleigh quotient and can be determined by the steepest descent method. It is known, however, that the steepest descent method suffers from slow convergence because it converges linearly. Especially, when the largest and the next largest eigenvalues have very close values, the convergence is particularly slow.This paper analyzes this situation and shows that the convergence can be accelerated by combining the steepest descent method with a technique called shaking. Finally, it is demonstrated by a numerical example that the convergence is accelerated drastically by the proposed technique.
A study of the number of tracks required for the reconfiguration of mesh‐connected processor‐element networks
Authors: Kaneko Mineo , Tsunokawa Toshihiko , Hirota Takahiro , Onoda Mahoki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe reconfiguration technique for a processor network is among the fault‐tolerant techniques in monolithic realization of a multiprocessor network. the problem is composed of the mapping of logical processor element (PE) to physical PE and the physical realization of the logical connections. This paper considers two‐ dimensional mesh array architecture and discusses the routing mechanism (required number of tracks) to support the processor mapping based on the compensation path. the eight adjacent neighbor is considered in the processor substitution in composing the path. It is shown that four tracks for each channel between PE are sufficient under the condition of no port‐exchange and no crossover. It is also shown that, when a compensation path exists under the four adjacent neighbor substitution condition, there exists a routing mapping using at most three tracks per channel. As to the evaluation of the number of tracks, the channel‐cut in the dual relation to the routing path is introduced; this aids in both evaluation and proof.
A digital filter for restoring a stochastic signal from noisy and quanitzed level observations
Authors: Nakasako Noboru , Ohta Mitsuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA practical and suboptimal estimation algorithm, proposed as a signal restoration method based on Bayes' theorem, resembles a previously reported method used to design a wide sense digital filter, especially for noisy and level‐quantized observations. The proposed method utilizes linear and nonlinear correlation information between the unknown acoustic signal and the observation value (before quantization operation) by using quantized level observations. The effectiveness of the proposed theory is confirmed experimentally through the simulation technique and by applying it to the actual reverberation data contaminated by a background noise.
A noise reduction method for chaotic time series
Authors: Itoh Ken‐Ichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIntensive studies have recently been made on the noise reduction method for the chaotic time series. In those approaches, the trajectory of the attractor is reconstructed in the multidimensional space form the single‐variable time‐series data, and then the deviation of the trajectory is corrected. In the conventional method, the noise is assumed to be Gaussian distribution. Consequently, when the outliers are contained in the real data, they are difficult to delete.This paper intends to solve this problem and proposes a noise reduction method for the chaotic timeseries data, considering not only the noise with the Gaussian distribution, but also the outliers. A method is devised that eliminates the outliers efficiently using Biweight estimation and similar methods, and a program is constructed based on the idea. the experimental data are constructed by adding the pseudorandom variable with the Cauchy or Gaussian distribution to the chaotic timeseries data generated from the Hénon map and the Lorenz model. Using these data, the noise reduction experiment is conducted; the relative error, the phase plot and correlation dimensions are examined. It is verified as a result that the proposed method can reduce drastically the effect of the outliers compared to the conventional methods, and has nearly the same noise reduction performance as in the conventional methods for the noise with the Gaussian distribution.
Condensation of Nickel–Carbonyl Clusters with Soft Lewis Acids: Synthesis and Characterisation of the {Cd2Cl3[Ni6(CO)12]2}3– Dimer
Authors: Femoni Cristina , Iapalucci Maria Carmela , Longoni Giuliano , Ranuzzi Fabrizio , Zacchini Stefano , Fedi Serena , Zanello Piero 
Published: July 2007

AbstractReaction of [Ni6(CO)12]2– in thf with 2 equiv. of the softLewis acid CdCl2·2.5H2O gives the new dimeric species {Cd2Cl3[Ni6(CO)12]2}3–. The formation of the latter is not the result of direct addition of CdCl2 to [Ni6(CO)12]2–, but it involves some intermediate species, i.e. [Ni9(CO)18]2– and [Ni9(CO)18Cd2Cl4]2–. The crystal structure of [NBu4]3{Cd2Cl3[Ni6(CO)12]2}·thf was ascertained by X‐ray crystallography. In the solid state, the {Cd2Cl3[Ni6(CO)12]2}3– cluster anions are pillared along the crystallographic c axis, forming infinite columns of perfectly alternating cluster anions and thf molecules. The chemical and electrochemical behaviours of {Cd2Cl3[Ni6(CO)12]2}3– are also reported and compared to those of the parent [Ni6(CO)12]2– dianion.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Nb‐Doped VO2 Thin Films Prepared by Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition
Authors: Piccirillo Clara , Binions Russell , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNiobium‐doped vanadium dioxide (VxNb1–xO2, x = 0–0.037) thin films were prepared by aerosol‐assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) of vanadyl(IV) acetonate and niobium(V) ethoxide in ethanol. Samples were analysed by EDX, XRD, Raman, XPS and SEM. The analyses confirmed the deposition of niobium, even if no separated phase was formed; the morphological structure of the films was affected by the dopant presence. The thin films showed thermochromic behaviour, with a marked change in optical properties above and below the switching temperature. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The First Heterohexametallic Transition‐Metal Complex
Authors: Packheiser Rico , Lang Heinrich 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and characterisation of a first heteromultimetallic transition metal complex with six different metal atoms (Fe, Ru, Re, Au, Cu and Ti), connected through carbon‐rich bridging units, are reported. Complex {1‐[(η2‐dppf)(η5‐C5H5)RuC≡C]‐3‐[(bipy*)(CO)3ReC≡C]‐5‐[PPh2AuC≡C‐bipy({[Ti](μ‐σ,π‐C≡CSiMe3)2}Cu)]C6H3}PF6 is accessible in a consecutive reaction sequence by applying building blocks from a ligand and coordination complex library. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Fluoxetine vs placebo for depressive symptoms after stroke: failed randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ruddell M. , Spencer A. , Hill K. , House A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundGrowth in antidepressant prescribing is a well‐recognised phenomenon in developed countries. In stroke care, the evidence of effectiveness from systematic reviews is surprisingly weak. We therefore decided to undertake a randomised controlled trial comparing fluoxetine to placebo.MethodsDouble blind placebo‐controlled trial. Cases were high‐scorers on the GHQ‐28 and we applied minimal exclusion criteria.ResultsDespite screening 614 patients we were able to randomise only one into the trial. High rates of refusal to participate and exclusions due to physical ill health were coupled with high rates of prescribing among stroke clinicians, to cause this recruitment problem.ConclusionsIn addition to the predicted practical problems of conducting an RCT in an elderly frail population, it became clear that most clinicians are not in equipoise about the value of antidepressant medication despite the lack of strong evidence for its effectiveness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human and computer integrated manufacturing: A manufacturing strategy based on organization, people, and technology
Authors: Kidd P. T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMuch of the human factors research in the area of advanced manufacturing has been concerned with human factors in the design and implementation of manufacturing technology. Recent research has shown that competitive manufacturing needs to be based upon developing a manufacturing strategy which satisfies business needs. Investment in technology by itself does little to improve competitiveness and profitability. The article therefore considers the application of human factors in the development of a manufacturing strategy. This is quite a different problem from using human factors at the design and implementation level, and a more careful and pragmatic approach is needed. Some preliminary results of research aimed at developing a manufacturing strategy tool kit suitable for senior managers are described.
Workers' assessments of three flexible manufacturing systems
Authors: Adler Paul S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article explores workers' reactions to three flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) through their responses to the Job Diagnostic Survey and other questionnaire items. Data from two installations are compard to data presented in previous studies of a third installation and to samples of workers on stand‐alone machines. One of the new cases was characterized by its semi‐autonomous team organization, while the other new installation was organized along rather conventional lines. Three results are highlighted. First, the skill requirements of FMS jobs were seen by workers as greater than the skill requirements of both stand‐alone conventional and NC equipment. Second, workers on both these new FMSs expressed equally high levels of satisfaction and motivation, considerably higher than that found in the earlier study. Third, an understanding of these worker reactions to FMSs requires a detailed characterization of their specific tasks and technologies.
The human factors of system design: Understanding and enhancing the role of human factors engineering
Authors: Rouse William B. , Cody William R. , Boff Kenneth R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDesign decisions which govern the operability of human‐machine systems should be made by people who thoroughly understand human factors principles, methods, and data. In practice, however, these decisions are often made by people trained in other design disciplines. These individuals may not be aware of, misinterpret, or not value this information. To ensure that human factors information is better integrated into the design process than is currently the case, we need to understand the context, perspectives, and activities associated with system design. Based on a review of design literature and eight field studies, this paper characterizes human‐machine system design in terms of its social and organizational context and the activities of its individual participants. Information access and utilization is seen as the common denominator across individuals. However, due to differences among design disciplines in how phenomena, problems, and solutions are represented, information across disciplines is often misinterpreted or misused, Implications of this analysis for design supports that can improve information integration into design, especially from the human factors domain, are discussed.
Human factors in manufacturing: The need for a consistent strategy
Authors: Burnes Bernard , James Hakeem 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt has become increasingly obvious over the last decade that the companies that prosper in the 1990s will be those that successfully adopt a progressive approach to human factors. Though this is clear, what is less so is how managers should undertake such major changes. This article approaches this question by, first, describing how, from a study of the implementation of new technology in manufacturing companies, we came to view strategic planning as a central and essential process for tackling the issue of human factors. It then describes and discusses one company's experience of attempting to develop a strategy that challenged existing structures, functions, and jobs. In conclusion, the article draws attention to the need for managers to share/develop a common vision, and work as a consistent, cohesive, and stable unit, and to recognize the extended timetable necessary to achieve the types of changes required.
Development of a symbols library for the protection of health and safety at work—aids for the planning of manufacturing systems
Authors: Nicolaisen Peter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) where industrial robots are in use, often little attention is paid to working conditions and safety to the human part of the system (operator, programmer, maintenance personnel). However, it is very difficult for many users to find a suitable solution for their problem. Although working groups, discussing and formulating safety standards for industrial robots, were already formed in various countries at a very early time, it is apparent that safety at the industrial robot workstation cannot be achieved solely by observing regulations, but can only be guaranteed if it is included from the outset in the overall system concept and layout as a planning criterion, and practical planning aids for health and safety aspects are provided to the designer.
On the interdisciplinary design of human‐centered knowledge‐based systems
Authors: Kirby John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article describes the application of a human‐centered approach to the assessment and design of knowledge‐based advisory systems for use by design engineers. The human‐centered approach has arisen from interdisciplinary research into developing new ways of designing human‐computer systems and emphasizes the need to develop systems which extend rather than diminish the skills and knowledge of their users. The traditional rule‐based expert systems paradigm is analyzed and it is concluded that it is a typical product of technology‐centered design. A human‐centered approach to the design of knowledge‐based advisory systems is proposed which uses hypertext technology. The application of this approach to the design of a prototype knowledge‐based advisory system implemented in Smalltalk for use by control engineers is described.
Environment, manufacturing technology, and embedded knowledge
Authors: Sobol Marion G. , Lei David 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article focuses on the relationship between different types of organization‐based knowledge and its application to utilizing various forms of advanced manufacturing technology. Explicit knowledge is transparent in the sense that any firm with a comparable skill and technology base can understand and apply it in a fast and similar manner. Tacit knowledge is based more on insight, practice, and cumulative learning that is deeply embedded within the organization's dynamic routines and operating systems. The effective learning and application of new types of manufacturing skills and techniques, such as computer‐integrated manufacturing (CIM) and flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), is based heavily on the firm's cultivation of tacit, embedded knowledge to build competitive advantage. A model describes the strategic application of different manufacturing technologies across varying levels of technological change and market fragmentation. In each of the four cells, the roles of workers, managers, and different subunits of the firm are discussed as they relate to understanding the nexus between types of knowledge and manufacturing activities.
Cognitive and sociotechnical issues in design for manufacturability
Authors: Helander Martin G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe decision to invest in manufacturing is a complex problem. In the past engineers have often focused on the promises and possibilities of technologies, but failed to analyze issues related to human factors and organizational constraints. As a result, many investments have failed. This article reviews three problem areas where greater emphasis must be spent on human factors issues: (1) incorporation of human factors evaluation criteria in concurrent engineering, (2) use of computer aids to support the cognitive requirements of the design process, and (3) organizational impact of the introduction of computer systems for manufacturing, planning, and production. A planning model for manufacturing is proposed that unifies these problem areas.
Temporal strategies of operators dealing with numerous parallel processes: A field study
Authors: Grosjean Vincent 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a field study of the temporal strategies used by manual workers in a fiberglass factory. Their work consists of feeding ten machines working in parallel. These operators use two very different strategies in their work: one based on anticipation of the future evolution of the process, and another that does not use such an anticipatory strategy. We show that the temporal constraints imposed by the machines are at the base of whether or not the workers develop this strategy. We also discuss the impacts of these temporal strategies on different factors, such as performance, the number of errors committed, and the nature and topics of the operator's interactions with his colleagues. @ 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Shared functional representation in cooperative tasks‐the example of shift changeover
Authors: Grusenmeyer C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe growing complexity of industrial systems emphasizes the problems of coordination of operators' activities. Studies on collective work are more and more numerous. However, most of them are focused on cooperation between operators with different abilities and a well‐defined problem to solve. Within this framework, shift changeover seems to be a specific collective situation. This paper will try to demonstrate the interest of the concept of shared functional representation between operators through two case studies about shift changes. These analyses have shown how the lack of shared functional representation between operators can contribute to a nonoptimum shift change. @ 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Qualitative modeling of the organizational acceptance of advanced manufacturing technologies
Authors: Paul Brian K. , Cochran Jeffery K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe need to effectively manage technology has been around since the early days of American industrialization. Pioneers of American manufacturing such as DuPont and Ford all faced competitive pressures to develop and apply emerging technologies. In the past decade, the rash of failures involving the implementation of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) suggests technology implementation requires a better understanding of the human issues involved. Fundamental to the implementation of AMT is the existence of technology champions. Some researchers have suggested that technology champions can be cultivated through the identification and engagement of informal leaders. The following study proposes a methodology for simulating group interaction based on communication diffusion theory. This methodology is used to identify and engage informal opinion leaders for the purposes of improving CIM implementations. @ 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Do it right the first time‐quality as the crucial change agent in the European steel industries
Authors: Franz Hans‐Werner 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOriginally a mass production industry, the production and transformation of steel has become a high‐tech industry with a differentiated quality production, marching in the vanguard of computer‐integrated manufacturing. During the severe crisis of the 1980s, relevant parts of the European steel industry managed to establish new patterns of quality‐oriented rationalization along with modernized approaches to workforce deployment. Indeed, new patterns of Human Resource Management are appearing, partly formulated as comprehensive post‐Tayloristic strategies, partly hidden under a patchwork of conventional and neo‐Tayloristic measures. Systemic rationalization, especially in the pursuit of quality, leads to a growing need of what we call systemic cooperation. @ 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.