bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La démocratie à l’épreuve des inégalités
Authors: Savidan Patrick 
Published: March 2024

Non seulement l’augmentation des inégalités et de la pauvreté un peu partout dans le monde représente un risque pour les démocraties, mais cette augmentation constitue, elle-même, le signe que le fonctionnement des démocraties est fortement dégradé. Comment assurer une meilleure prise en compte des intérêts et des préférences des plus défavorisés ? Telle est l’urgence à laquelle sont confrontées de nos jours les démocraties, qui doivent aussi se doter d’une solide légitimité pour relever les nombreux défis du temps présent .
Who built Brussels? The profile of artisans and entrepreneurs in the Brussels construction sector around 1865
Authors: Degraeve Matthijs 
Published: March 2024

Vers 1865, Bruxelles était une ville en pleine mutation. De récentes études nous éclairent sur le rôle qu’ont joué divers acteurs dans le développement de la ville, tels que les pouvoirs publics et les propriétaires fonciers. Toutefois, nous en savons encore peu sur les artisans et les entrepreneurs du bâtiment qui ont physiquement façonné la ville. À l’aide des almanachs, registres des patentables, registres des électeurs et matrices cadastrales, cet article met en lumière le profil professionnel, sociodémographique et spatial de 2 445 entrepreneurs du secteur bruxellois de la construction vers 1865. Il s’en détache un groupe très hétérogène, actif dans toute la palette des métiers du bâtiment. Si quelques entrepreneurs fortunés étaient à la tête de grandes entreprises, l’organisation à forte main-d’œuvre et à petite échelle de la plupart des entreprises du bâtiment ouvrit également les portes de l’entrepreneuriat à un groupe considérable d’artisans relativement démunis, y compris des femmes et des migrants. Il en découla aussi une forte dispersion spatiale, permettant à ces entrepreneurs d’opérer sur les chantiers de leur quartier. Ces résultats contribuent à la connaissance historique de la formation du tissu urbain et du patrimoine bruxellois, de même qu’ils situent dans une perspective à long terme le besoin contemporain d’un ancrage local pour le secteur urbain de la construction.
Alliances et accumulation
Authors: Bürbaumer Benjamin 
Published: March 2024

Le présent papier propose de mobiliser une des contributions majeures de l’ouvrage Les classes sociales dans le capitalisme aujourd’hui de Nicos Poulantzas, à savoir le concept de « bourgeoisie intérieure » afin de mettre en exergue le fondement structurel des relations de plus en plus conflictuelles entre les États-Unis d’Amérique, la Chine et la Russie. En appliquant la lecture politico-économique poulantzassienne des flux internationaux des capitaux à l’étude d’un ensemble de données statistiques relatives à l’investissement direct à l’étranger, ce papier montre que la mondialisation reste un processus fragmenté et propice au conflit. Dès lors que la multiplication des liens commerciaux et financiers n’est pas accompagnée de la formation d’une bourgeoisie globalement intégrée, l’interdépendance entre différents pays reste fragile. L’argument fondamental de ce papier est que l’absence de bourgeoisie intérieure favorable au capital américain tant en Russie qu’en Chine facilite la crispation de la politique mondiale. C’est ainsi que l’économie politique internationale de Poulantzas fournit un instrument explicatif structurel pour comprendre à quel point les tensions politiques, qui secouent actuellement le monde, sont associées au processus d’accumulation du capital.
Efficacy and Safety of Carbon Dioxide Laser Ablation Combined with Manual Dermabrasion and Intralesional 5-Fluorouracil Injection in Bowen’s Disease
Authors: Savant Sushil S. , Savant Satish S. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Bowen’s disease (BD) is a precancerous in-situ squamous cell carcinoma and has a high recurrence rate with any single treatment modality, necessitating combination therapy for a successful outcome.

Aim:
This study aimed to the efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser ablation followed by manual dermabrasion and intralesional 5-fluorouracil (IL 5-FU) injection as combination therapy for BD.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective, observational study comprising 29 clinically and histopathologically diagnosed BD patients with no history of prior treatment. Demographic characteristics and clinical examination of the lesions and regional lymph nodes were retrieved. All patients were subjected to CO2 laser ablation followed by manual dermabrasion and IL 5-FU injection.

Results:
Mean age was 61.93 ± 9.31 years with male preponderance (62.1%). Trunk (48.3%) was the most frequently involved site. Mean tumor size was 40.8 ± 16.4 mm (range: 15–86 mm). All lesions healed with a cure rate of 96.6%. Complications seen in patients included atrophic scarring with persistent post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in three patients (10.3%), secondary infection in two cases (6.9%), and hypertrophic scar with early keloid in one patient (3.4%). Recurrence was reported in one patient (3.4%).

Limitation:
The study was limited by retrospective study design, small sample size, and no comparison with standard therapy.

Conclusion:
Combination approach using carbon dioxide laser ablation followed by manual dermabrasion and IL 5-FU injection has been proved to be effective, efficient and safe with good functional, oncological and aesthetic outcomes in treating BD.
Role of Patch Testing in Facial Contact Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study from Central India
Authors: Yadav Hitesh , Ganguly Satyaki , Singh Ajeet 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Facial contact dermatitis is an emerging skin disorder due to the use of a large array of materials over the face. It leads to psychological distress in patients, impacting their quality of life. Most of the allergens applied over the face vary as per cosmetic or herbal products’ availability, usage, or religious practices. Identifying and discontinuing the implicated allergens will lead to a better prognosis and reduced morbidity in clinical practice.

Objectives:
To determine the frequency of different allergens responsible for causing facial contact dermatitis, in an urban part of central India, using patch test with the help of Indian standard and cosmetic series.

Materials and Methods:
All suspected patients (>18 years) of facial contact dermatitis visiting the outpatient department of dermatology were patch tested with both Indian standard and cosmetic series.

Results:
Out of 38/58 patch-test-positive patients, 71.06% were females, and 28.94% were males. Most patch-test-positive females were housewives. The most common allergens implicated were thiomersal (17.24%), followed by fragrance mix (15.51%), and paraphenylene diamine (12.06%).

Conclusion:
In our study, forehead and malar areas were most commonly involved indicating fairness creams and perfumes as the important contributors to facial contact dermatitis. Antigen batteries need to be updated with changing social and cultural trends, as many with a consistent history of aggravation with some products tested negative in patch tests.
Is Atopic Dermatitis a Risk Factor for Thyroid Autoimmunity? – A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Mendiratta Vibhu , Himadri Himadri , Verma Damini , Aggarwal Meenakshi , Yadav Jyoti 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Because of the counter-regulation of Th1 and Th2 cells, Th1-type autoimmune diseases like thyroid autoimmunity and Th2-mediated allergic diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD) should occur in mutually exclusive populations. However, thyroid autoimmunity has been associated with chronic urticaria, and atopy is considered a cause of both AD and urticaria.

Objectives:
To assess the frequency of thyroid autoimmunity in children with AD and to study the correlation between the clinical severity of AD using the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) score, and biochemical parameters of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), absolute eosinophil count, and vitamin D levels.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted, recruiting children (0–18 years) with AD. Patients on drugs affecting thyroid dysfunction and those with sick euthyroid syndrome or an immunodeficiency disorder were excluded. Clinical severity was assessed using SCORAD, and the thyroid profile, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, antinuclear antibody (ANA), absolute eosinophil count, serum IgE, and vitamin D levels were measured.

Results:
Thyroid autoimmunity was diagnosed in 18.9% (10/53) of children. There was a significant correlation between SCORAD and serum IgE (r = 0.432, P = 0.002) and absolute eosinophil count (r = 0.575, P = <0.001). There was a negative correlation between SCORAD and vitamin D levels (r = -0.373, P = 0.006).

Conclusions:
Thyroid autoimmunity may be associated with AD, and a high index of suspicion is essential. Vitamin D also should be supplemented in children with AD as it is frequently found to be low, especially in severe cases. Multi-center case-control studies are required to determine the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in children with AD.
Exogenous Progestogen Hypersensitivity and its Increasing Association with Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART)/in vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Authors: Sashidhar Nivedita , Mysore Venkataram , Thejavathy G. V. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Progestogen hypersensitivity (PH) also known as autoimmune progesterone dermatitis is a rare clinical entity that may be triggered by endogenous progesterone (menstrual cycles and pregnancy) or exogenous progestin exposure (examples: contraceptive medicines, in vitro fertilization treatments). It is a poorly recognized syndrome due to its heterogeneous clinical presentation. The pathomechanism of PH is believed to be primarily IgE mediated but less commonly other immune responses may be involved. Management is usually focused on symptomatic control with medications. Recently, with the increasing use of exogenous progestins for in vitro fertilization more cases of hypersensitivity to exogenous progestins have been reported. Progesterone is an essential drug in the luteal phase support improving chances of implantation and pregnancy rates, and hence, PH is an important and difficult challenge to manage in these patients. Because patients require IVF and there is no alternative to progesterone, desensitization is suggested as an approach to endure fertility treatments and provides symptom control in refractory cases. Here, we will review the different aspects of PH.
The versatile and minimally invasive mini and narrow diameter implants: A case series
Authors: Krishna Ravishankar , Midhula V. , Lanka Hima Bindu , Agarwal Shobhit 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The awareness and demand for implants as a treatment option have put the onus on the dentist to adapt to the patient’s requirements. Standard diameter implants cannot be placed in all situations due to limited bone volume, altered systemic status of patients, or financial constraints. Mini and narrow-diameter implants may be a reliable alternative in such circumstances. They have demonstrated good success and survival rates for the replacement of maxillary lateral incisor, mandibular anterior teeth, maxillary or mandibular posterior teeth when the occlusal load is favorable, and maxillary or mandibular overdentures. Splinting these mini implants has been shown to decrease the stresses on the bone and improve the load-bearing capacity. The three cases described here validate the usefulness of mini implants where standard diameter implants were not feasible.
Comparison of the effects of opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) and opioid-based anesthesia (OBA) on postoperative analgesia and intraoperative hemodynamics in patients undergoing spine surgery: A prospective randomized double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Rani Ugrani S. , Panda Nidhi B. , Chauhan Rajeev , Mahajan Shalvi , Kaloria Narender , Tripathi Manjul 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Opioids form the basis of perioperative pain management but are associated with multiple side effects. In opioid-free anesthesia (OFA), several non-opioid drugs or neuraxial/regional blocks are used as substitutes for opioids. Ketamine, a N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist, provides intense analgesia. However, there is a shortage of literature on the effects of ketamine-based OFA on hemodynamics (HD) and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing thoracolumbar spine surgery.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective randomized controlled trial included 60 adult patients. The patients in Group OFA (n = 30) received OFA with ketamine and ketofol (1:5) infusion, and those in Group OBA (n = 30) received opioid-based anesthesia (OBA) with fentanyl and propofol infusion. The postoperative pain-free period, pain scores, rescue analgesia, intraoperative HDs, and postoperative complications were assessed.

Results:
The mean pain-free period in Group OFA (9.86 ± 1.43 hr) was significantly higher than that in Group OBA (6.93 ± 1.93 hr) (P = 0.002). During the postoperative 48 hours, the total requirement of fentanyl was considerably lower in Group OFA (P < 0.05). There was a significantly higher incidence of hypertension in Group OFA (46%) and hypotension (43%) in Group OBA (43%), respectively. Postoperative nausea vomiting (PONV) was more common in Group OBA at the 2nd and 6th hr (P = 0.046 and P = 0.038)

Conclusion:
OFA with ketamine and ketofol provided adequate postoperative analgesia with a lower incidence of PONV after spine surgery. However, hypertension in the ketamine group and hypotension in the propofol group required fine titration of the infusion rate of drugs during the intraoperative period.
Remote ischemic preconditioning and cognitive dysfunction following coronary artery bypass grafting: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Siburian Reynold , Fadillah Rizki , Altobaishat Obieda , Umar Tungki Pratama , Dilawar Ismail , Nugroho Dimas Tri 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common neurological issue following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-assisted heart surgery. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) increases the tolerance of vital organs to ischemia/reperfusion injury, leading to reduced brain injury biomarkers and improved cognitive control. However, the exact mechanisms underlying RIPC’s neuroprotective effects remain unclear. This systematic review aimed to explore the hypothesis that RIPC lowers neurocognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing CPB surgery.

Method:
All relevant studies were searched in PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane Library database. Assessment of study quality was carried out by two independent reviewers individually using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB-2) tool. Meta-analysis was performed using a fixed-effect model due to low heterogeneity among studies, except for those with substantial heterogeneity.

Results:
A total of five studies with 1,843 participants were included in the meta-analysis. RIPC was not associated with reduced incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (five RCTs, odds ratio [OR: ] 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56–1.11) nor its improvement (three RCTs, OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.50–1.27). In addition, the analysis of the effect of RIPC on specific cognitive function tests found that pooled SMD for RAVLT 1-3 and RAVLT LT were −0.07 (95% CI: −0.25,012) and −0.04 (95% CI: −0.25–0.12), respectively, and for VFT semantic and phonetic were −0.15 (95% CI: −0.33–0.04) and 0.11 (95% CI: −0.40–0.62), respectively.

Conclusion:
The effect of RIPC on cognitive performance in CABG patients remained insignificant. Results from previous studies were unable to justify the use of RIPC as a neuroprotective agent in CABG patients.
The association between different anesthetic techniques and outcomes in patients undergoing transfemoral aortic valve replacement
Authors: Abuzaid Ahmad , AbdelAal Ibrahim , Galal Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

Background:
There is an increasing number of patients undergoing transfemoral aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with sedation. There is limited data assessing the efficacy and safety of the different types of sedative drugs. The objective was to compare two sedation techniques with regard to the need for vasoactive support, respiratory support, rate of conversion to general anesthesia (GA), common perioperative morbidities, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and in-hospital mortality.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review study conducted among patients who underwent TAVR at a specialized cardiac center between January 2016 and December 2019. Data collection included patient diagnosis, preoperative comorbidities, intraoperative outcomes, and postoperative outcomes.

Results:
A total of 289 patients received local anesthesia; 210 received propofol infusion and 79 received a mixed propofol-ketamine infusion (Ketofol). The average age was 75.5 ± 8.9 years and 58.1% of the patients were females. Comparing propofol and ketofol groups, 31.2% and 34.2% of the patients required drug support, 7.6% and 6.3% required conversion to GA, 46.7% and 59.5% required respiratory support, respectively. These intraoperative outcomes were not significantly different between groups, P = 0.540, P = 0.707, and P = 0.105, respectively. In-hospital 30-day mortality in propofol and ketofol groups were 1.9% and 3.8%, respectively, P = 0.396. In both groups, the median post-procedure coronary care unit stay was 26 hours while post-procedure hospital stay was 3 days.

Conclusions:
There were no significant differences in perioperative or postoperative outcomes in TAVR patients receiving either propofol or ketofol. Propofol infusion, either alone or with ketamine, is reliable and safe, with minimal side effects.
Tolerance to preoperative placement of electrodes for neuromuscular monitoring using the Tetragraph™
Authors: Espinal Leah M. , Kalsotra Sidhant , Rice-Weimer Julie , Kitio Sibelle A. Yemele , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Quantitative train-of-four (TOF) monitoring has recently been shown to be feasible in infants and children using a novel electromyography (EMG)-based monitor with a pediatric-sized self-adhesive sensor. However, placement of the sensor and initiation of TOF monitoring may require additional time in the operating room (OR), delaying workflow and the time to induction of anesthesia. The current study evaluates the feasibility of placing the self-adhesive sensor in the preoperative holding area in pediatric patients before arrival to the OR.

Methods:
Consented pediatric patients undergoing inpatient surgery requiring the administration of NMBAs were enrolled. The EMG electrode was placed along the ulnar nerve on the volar aspect of the distal forearm to provide neurostimulation. After the induction of anesthesia, monitoring was initiated and TOF recording started before the administration of the NMBA. A Likert score (0-10) was used to assess ease of placement, tolerability of the monitor during the preoperative period, and its ability to generate a recorded response in the OR.

Results:
The final study cohort included 40 patients with a median age of 3.7 years. Fourteen patients (35%) pulled off the sensor before arrival to the OR and 26 patients (65%) arrived at the OR with the sensor intact and functioning. Older children were more likely to maintain the sensor until arrival to the OR compared to younger patients (median age of 5.24 versus 1 year, P = 0.0521). A median age of 3.7 years correlated with an 80% chance of arriving in the OR with the sensor intact. Application ease and tolerance of the sensor were higher in the group that maintained the sensor until OR arrival.

Conclusion:
In patients more than 4 years of age, placement of the self-adhesive sensor for EMG-based TOF monitoring may be feasible. However, in younger patients, additional interventions may be required to achieve a similar success rate.
Surgical management of COVID-19 associated Mucormycosis with adjuvant systemic antifungal therapy
Authors: Elsaadany Wesam H. , Sheta Mona S. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate clinically and radiographically the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis managed with surgery and simultaneous systemic antifungal therapy.

Patients and methods
This is an interventional study included 20 cases with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis and they were managed with aggressive surgical debridement and systemic antifungal therapy after controlling of underlying systemic disease. the patients were followed clinically and computed tomography scan for 6 months.

Results
The cases were with only nasal/sinus involvement in 15 (75%) cases followed by two (10%) cases with rhino-orbital, and rhino-orbito-cerebral was seen in three (15%) patients, with reported mortality rates of about 10% (two cases). All cases had a history of taking steroids for COVID treatment. All patients had diabetes mellitus with high glucose levels except one case had heart disease. After 6 months, all patients had adequate soft tissue healing with normal color and texture without any signs of recurrence of infection. Computed tomography scan showed adequate bone healing without any evidence of recurrence of disease.

Conclusion
The diagnosis of mucormycosis should be done early. Aggressive surgical debridement with simultaneous systemic antifungal therapy is necessary for adequate management of disease.
Evaluation of different remineralizing agents on microhardness and surface roughness of bleached enamel
Authors: Elminofy Khloud Mohamed , Hasan Mostafa M. A. , Shebl Eman A. E. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
To evaluate remineralization efficacy of self-assembling peptide (Curodont) and sodium calcium phosphosilicate (Novamin) on bleached teeth.

Materials and methods
Twenty freshly extracted human premolars were selected, roots were separated, and crowns were impregnated in acrylic resin then kept in artificial saliva. Specimens were randomly divided into two equal groups (10 specimens for each group). Group 1 specimens were bleached and treated with Curodont and group 2 specimens were bleached and treated with Novamin. Enamel microhardness and surface roughness changes were measured for both groups using Vickers hardness testing machine and Surface Profile Gage (Positector), respectively.

Results
Bleaching increased enamel surface roughness value (0.6 ± 0.10 μm) more than the baseline value (0.3 ± 0.09 μm) and decreased enamel microhardness (239.4 ± 5.33 MPa) compared to unbleached group (334.9 ± 4.26 MPa). After remineralization with Curodont, surface roughness decreased (0.4 ± 0.06 μm) and microhardness increased (300.3 ± 5.92 MPa) while after remineralization with Novamin surface roughness slightly decreased (0.5 ± 0.08 μm) and enamel microhardness slightly increased (252.8 ± 7.35 MPa). Spearman’s correlation test revealed an inverse relationship between surface roughness and microhardness after bleaching (r
s=−0.177, −0.818) for groups 1 and 2, respectively, and a strong correlation between surface roughness and microhardness after treatment with Curodont and Novamin as whenever surface roughness decreased, microhardness increased (r
s=−0.921, P < 0.001) in group 1 and (r
s=−0.855, P < 0.002) in group 2.

Conclusion
Both Curodont and Novamin have a reasonable potential to remineralize bleached teeth by increasing enamel microhardness and decreasing surface roughness. However, Curodont is better than Novamin in the remineralization effect.