bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation, Immunity, Vaccines for Helicobacter Infection
Authors: Chmiela Magdalena , Michetti Pierre 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe reason why some individuals remain Helicobacter pylori infected for life but without any symptoms while others develop severe diseases is only partially clarified. Presumably, it depends on multifactorial interactions among host immunologic and physiologic factors, bacterial virulence determinants, and environmental influences modulating the host response. Much effort has been made to identify host genetic factors that may explain an individual susceptibility of the host to H. pylori infection. The identification of H. pylori determinants and the elucidation of their role in modifying the host immune responses were further delineated. The ability of H. pylori to overcome the defense mechanisms on mucosal surfaces as well as to modulate the immune response by interfering with host recognition and transduction systems has been shown. Also new bacterial anti‐inflammatory defense systems have been described. Findings in experimental animal models and humans with natural H. pylori infection suggested a double role of regulatory T cells in the course of H. pylori infection: protecting the infected host against excessive gastric inflammation and, in contrast, promoting bacterial colonization.
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Dzierżanowska‐Fangrat Katarzyna , Lehours Philippe , Mégraud Francis , Dzierżanowska Danuta 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA growing interest in non‐invasive tests for the detection of Helicobacter pylori has been observed recently, reflecting a large number of studies published this year. New tests have been validated, and the old ones have been used in different clinical situations or for different purposes. Stool antigen tests have been extensively evaluated in pre‐ and post‐treatment settings both in adults and children, and the urea breath test has been studied as a predictor of bacterial load, severity of gastric inflammation, and response to eradication treatment. Several studies have also explored the usefulness of some serologic markers as indicators of the gastric mucosa status. With regard to invasive tests, molecular methods are being used more and more, but the breakthrough this year was the direct in vivo observation of H. pylori during endoscopy.
Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Hatakeyama Masanori , Brzozowski Tomasz 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMuch interest has been shown in the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis. It is becoming clearer that H. pylori strains carrying a functional cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), which encodes the type IV secretion system (TFSS) and its effector CagA, play an important role in the development of gastric carcinoma. Furthermore, genetic polymorphism present in the cagA gene appears to influence the degree of an individual cagPAI‐positive H. pylori to elicit gastric mucosal lesions, and this process is significantly affected by host genetic polymorphisms such as proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms. Pathomechanism of gastric carcinogenesis associated with H. pylori includes bacteria–host interaction leading to morphologic alterations such as atrophic gastritis and gastrointestinal metaplasia mediated by COX‐2 overexpression, cancer cell invasion, and neo‐angiogenesis via TLR2/TLR9 system and transcription factors (e.g., NF‐κB) activation. In addition, H. pylori infection triggers adhesion molecule expression and activity and produces an enhancement in oxidative stress interacting with gastric production of appetite hormone ghrelin and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Helicobacter pylori and Non‐Malignant Diseases
Authors: Matysiak‐Budnik Tamara , Laszewicz Wiktor , Lamarque Dominique , Chaussade Stanislas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe prevalence of Helicobacter pylori‐associated peptic ulcers, in particular duodenal ulcers, is decreasing following decreasing prevalence of H. pylori infection, while the frequency of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)‐induced and H. pylori‐negative idiopathic ulcers is increasing. The incidence of bleeding ulcers has been stable during the last decades. Several putative H. pylori virulence genes, i.e., cag, vacA, babA, or dupA, as well as host‐related genetic factors like IL‐1β and TNFα‐gene polymorphism, have been proposed as risk factors for duodenal ulcer. H. pylori eradication may prevent NSAID complications, in particular, when it is performed before introduction of NSAIDs. There is a complex association between H. pylori and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and the impact of H. pylori eradication on the appearance of GERD symptoms depends on various host‐ and bacteria‐related factors. Eradication of H. pylori in GERD is recommended in patients before instauration of a long‐term PPI treatment to prevent the development of gastric atrophy. A small proportion (10%) of non‐ulcer dyspepsia cases may be attributed to H. pylori and may benefit from eradication treatment. A test‐and‐treat strategy is more cost‐effective than prompt endoscopy in the initial management of dyspepsia.
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Cavallaro Lucas G. , Egan Brian , O'Morain Colm , Di Mario Francesco 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn clinical practice the recommended treatment regimens achieve only an 80%Helicobacter pylori eradication rate and this rate is lower in patients who have failed first‐line treatment. The increasing indications for H. pylori treatment (idiopathic thrombocytopenia and iron deficiency anemia) and an increasing trend of antibiotic resistance (especially in southern Europe) emphasize the need for more effective H. pylori eradication. Smoking and a short duration of treatment, especially in patients with functional dyspepsia, are predictors of eradication failure. In first line, the best option remains the clarithromycin‐based regimens but an extended treatment duration is now indicated. Following first‐line treatment failure, 14‐day proton pump inhibitor triple therapy employing alternative antibiotics or quadruple therapy could be used. Levofloxacin‐based 10‐day triple therapy seems to be an encouraging strategy following one or more eradication failures.
Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Magalhães Queiroz Dulciene Maria , Luzza Francesco 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDifferences may occur in the mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori between developed and developing countries: direct human‐to‐human contacts have been suggested as the primary route in the former while the fecal–oral route, also, through contaminated water, in the latter. Data on intrafamilial transmission of H. pylori among children continue to be produced. The importance of low socioeconomic conditions on the acquisition of H. pylori infection has been confirmed in a number of population‐based studies. Due to the improvement of living standards, the prevalence of the infection has fallen dramatically in many countries. It varies from 8.9 to 72.8% among children from developed and developing countries, respectively, the re‐infection rate being also significantly higher in the latter. Conflicting data have been reported on the effect of breastfeeding against H. pylori colonization in infancy as well as on the occupational risk for acquiring H. pylori. This review summarizes recent results from the literature on these topics.
Tissue Characteristics at Microthreaded Implants: An Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Abrahamsson Ingemar , Berglundh Tord 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTPurpose  The aim of the present study was to analyze bone tissue reactions at implants with and without a microthread configuration.Materials and Methods  In six beagle dogs, one test and two control implants were installed in one side of the mandible. While both implant types had a similar dimension and surface roughness, the test implants were designed with a microthread configuration in the marginal portion. Abutment connection was performed after 3 months. Another 3 months later, fixed partial dentures (FPDs) were cemented to the maxillary canine and premolars and FPDs were connected to the implants in the mandible. Ten months later, the animals were sacrificed and biopsies from each implant region were processed for histological analysis. Radiographs were obtained at implant placement after FPD connection and at the termination of the experiment.Results  The radiographic examination revealed that the marginal bone level was well preserved at both test and control implants during the entire 16‐month period. The degree of bone‐implant contact within the marginal portion of the implants was significantly higher at the test (microthread) implants (81.8%) than at the control implants (72.8%).Conclusions  It was suggested that the microthread configuration offered improved conditions for osseointegration.
Mobile phone use and acoustic neuroma risk in Japan
Authors: Takebayashi T , Akiba S , Kikuchi Y , Taki M , Wake K , Watanabe S , Yamaguchi N 
Published: August 2006

Objectives:The rapid increase of mobile phone use has increased public concern about its possible health effects in Japan, where the mobile phone system is unique in the characteristics of its signal transmission. To examine the relation between mobile phone use and acoustic neuroma, a case-control study was initiated.Methods:The study followed the common, core protocol of the international collaborative study, INTERPHONE. A prospective case recruitment was done in Japan for 2000–04. One hundred and one acoustic neuroma cases, who were 30–69 years of age and resided in the Tokyo area, and 339 age, sex, and residency matched controls were interviewed using a common computer assisted personal interview system. Education and marital status adjusted odds ratio was calculated with a conditional logistic regression analysis.Results:Fifty one cases (52.6%) and 192 controls (58.2%) were regular mobile phone users on the reference date, which was set as one year before the diagnosis, and no significant increase of acoustic neuroma risk was observed, with the odds ratio (OR) being 0.73 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.23). No exposure related increase in the risk of acoustic neuroma was observed when the cumulative length of use (<4 years, 4–8 years, >8 years) or cumulative call time (<300 hours, 300–900 hours, >900 hours) was used as an exposure index. The OR was 1.09 (95% CI 0.58 to 2.06) when the reference date was set as five years before the diagnosis. Further, laterality of mobile phone use was not associated with tumours.Conclusions:These results suggest that there is no significant increase in the risk of acoustic neuroma in association with mobile phone use in Japan.
In vitro and In vivo Evidence of Metallopanstimulin-1 in Gastric Cancer Progression and Tumorigenicity
Authors: Wang Yun-wei , Qu Ying , Li Jian-fang , Chen Xue-hua , Liu Bing-ya , Gu Qin-long , Zhu Zheng-gang 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Purpose: The metallopanstimulin-1 (MPS-1) gene is a growth factor–inducible gene, which is highly expressed in many human cancers and may be involved in the progression towards tumor malignancy. However, it is unclear whether MPS-1 plays any role in gastric cancer development or progression. Our studies were designed to clarify the MPS-1 expression pattern and to explore its potential role in gastric cancer.
Experimental Design: The expression pattern of MPS-1 was determined in primary gastric cancer specimens and gastric cancer cell lines via immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. To investigate the functional significance of MPS-1 expression, three small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression plasmids were constructed and transfected into gastric cancer cell line SGC7901. The stable cell lines transfected with the siRNA targeting MPS-1 mRNA plasmids were selected and the biological features of these cells were examined.
Results: MPS-1 was overexpressed in 86% of the gastric cancer tissues and all gastric cancer cells. In addition, MPS-1 expression was significantly increased and corresponded with the tumor-node-metastasis clinical stage, and was significantly higher in the late stage (P &lt; 0.01). The MPS-1 expression level was significantly decreased in the transfected cells with MPS-1-specific siRNA expression plasmid pRNAT-133. Furthermore, the stable transfected cancer cells exhibited an increase in the incidence of spontaneous apoptosis and a decrease in growth ability and tumorigenicity in nude mice.
Conclusions: These results provide strong evidence that MPS-1 plays an important role in gastric cancer cell proliferation and development, and suggests that MPS-1 is a promising target for gastric cancer treatment.
Rapid Identification of UCA1 as a Very Sensitive and Specific Unique Marker for Human Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiao-Song , Zhang Zheng , Wang Hong-Cheng , Cai Jian-Liang , Xu Qing-Wen , Li Meng-Qiang , Chen Yi-Cheng , Qian Xiao-Ping , Lu Tian-Jing , Yu Li-Zhang , Zhang Yu , Xin Dian-Qi , Na Yan-Qun , Chen Wei-Feng 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Purpose: The most common genitourinary malignancy in China is bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Early diagnosis of new and recurrent bladder cancers, followed by timely treatment, will help decrease mortality. There are currently no satisfactory markers for bladder cancer available in clinics. Better diagnostic methods are highly demanded.
Experimental Design: In this research, we have used comprehensive expressed sequence tag analysis, serial analysis of gene expression, and microarray analysis and quickly discovered a candidate marker, urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1). The UCA1 gene was characterized and its performance as a urine marker was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR with urine sediments. A total of 212 individuals were included in this study, 94 having bladder cancers, 33 ureter/pelvic cancers, and 85 normal and other urinary tract disease controls.
Results: UCA1 was identified as a novel noncoding RNA gene dramatically up-regulated in TCC and it is the most TCC-specific gene yet identified. The full-length cDNA was 1,439 bp, and sequence analysis showed that it belonged to the human endogenous retrovirus H family. Clinical tests showed that UCA1 assay was highly specific (91.8%, 78 of 85) and very sensitive (80.9%, 76 of 94) in the diagnosis of bladder cancer and was especially valuable for superficial G2-G3 patients (sensitivity 91.1%, 41 of 45). It showed excellent differential diagnostic performance in various urinary tract diseases without TCC.
Conclusions: UCA1 is a very sensitive and specific unique marker for bladder cancer. It could have important implications in postoperative noninvasive follow-up. This research also highlights a shortcut to new cancer diagnostic assays through integration of in silico isolation methods with translational clinical tests based on RNA detection protocols.
Progenitor Marker CD133 mRNA Is Elevated in Peripheral Blood of Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases
Authors: Mehra Niven , Penning Maarten , Maas Jolanda , Beerepoot Laurens V. , van Daal Nancy , van Gils Carla H. , Giles Rachel H. , Voest Emile E. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Purpose: We examined whether RNA expression of CD133, a surface molecule expressed on progenitors from hematopoietic and endothelial lineages, and CD146, a pan-endothelial marker, are increased in the blood of cancer patients and whether these factors correlate with patient characteristics and are predictive factors of survival.
Experimental Design: We developed a real-time quantification method (nuclear acid sequence-based amplification) to determine expression of CD146 and CD133 mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 131 progressive cancer patients, 37 healthy volunteers, and 5 patients who received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Overall survival and other clinicopathologic variables were obtained. Cox proportional hazards studies were done.
Results: We show that patients with metastatic disease have a significant increase in CD133 mRNA (P = 0.03), specifically patients with bone metastasis (P &lt; 0.001). Cancer patients with high CD133 mRNA expression, using a defined cutoff value, show a decreased survival compared with patients with low or undetectable CD133 expression (21% versus 45% cumulative survival, respectively, after 20 months; P = 0.01). Among patients with metastasis to the bone, cumulative survival was 22%, compared with 61% for patients with high or low CD133 levels (P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that CD133 expression is an independent predictor for overall survival in patients with bone metastases. CD146 mRNA was not increased in patients with cancer, nor did it correlate with clinical variables or survival.
Conclusion: CD133, but not CD146, mRNA expression is increased in cancer patients with metastatic disease, specifically with bone metastasis. In addition, CD133 mRNA expression seems to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival.
Successful Radiotherapy of Tumor in Pretargeted Mice by 188Re-Radiolabeled Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer, a Synthetic DNA Analogue
Authors: Liu Guozheng , Dou Shuping , Mardirossian George , He Jiang , Zhang Surong , Liu Xinrong , Rusckowski Mary , Hnatowich Donald J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Pretargeting has been attracting increasing attention as a drug delivery approach. We recently proposed Watson-Crick pairing of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (MORF) for the recognition system in tumor pretargeting. MORF pretargeting involves the initial i.v. injection of a MORF-conjugated antitumor antibody and the subsequent i.v. injection of the radiolabeled complement. Our laboratory has reported on MORF pretargeting for diagnosis using 99mTc as radiolabel. We now report on the use of MORF pretargeting for radiotherapy in a mouse tumor model using 188Re as the therapeutic radiolabel.
Experimental Design: An initial tracer study was done to estimate radiation dose, and was followed by the radiotherapy study at 400 μCi per mouse with three control groups (untreated, MORF antibody alone, and 188Re complementary MORF alone).
Results: Tracer study indicated rapid tumor localization of 188Re and rapid clearance from normal tissues with a tumor area under the curve (AUC) about four times that of kidney and blood (the normal organs with highest radioactivity). Tumor growth in the study group ceased 1 day after radioactivity injection, whereas tumors continued to grow at the same rate among the three control groups. At sacrifice on day 5, the average net tumor weight in the study group was significantly lower at 0.68 ± 0.29 g compared with the three control groups (1.24 ± 0.31 g, 1.25 ± 0.39 g, and 1.35 ± 0.41 g; Ps &lt; 0.05), confirming the therapeutic benefit observed by tumor size measurement.
Conclusions: MORF pretargeting has now been shown to be a promising approach for tumor radiotherapy as well as diagnosis.
Estrogen Receptor Pathway: Resistance to Endocrine Therapy and New Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Moy Beverly , Goss Paul E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEndocrine therapy is widely accepted as the most important treatment for all patients with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. However, despite the positive effect of endocrine therapy on clinical outcome, resistance to these drugs inevitably develops. This article reviews the problem of resistance to hormonal therapy and addresses potential approaches to overcome intrinsic or acquired mechanisms of resistance.
Assessing the Performance of the Ensemble Kalman Filter for Land Surface Data Assimilation
Authors: Zhou Yuhua , McLaughlin Dennis , Entekhabi Dara 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The ensemble Kalman filter provides an easy-to-use, flexible, and efficient option for data assimilation problems. One of its attractive features in land surface applications is its ability to provide distributional information about variables, such as soil moisture, that can be highly skewed or even bimodal. The ensemble Kalman filter relies on normality approximations that improve its efficiency but can also compromise the accuracy of its distributional estimates. The effects of these approximations can be evaluated by comparing the conditional marginal distributions and moments estimated by the ensemble Kalman filter with those obtained from a sequential importance resampling (SIR) particle filter, which gives exact solutions for large ensemble sizes. Comparisons for two land surface examples indicate that the ensemble Kalman filter is generally able to reproduce nonnormal soil moisture behavior, including the skewness that occurs when the soil is either very wet or very dry. Its conditional mean estimates are very close to those generated by the SIR filter. Its higher-order conditional moments are somewhat less accurate than the means. Overall, the ensemble Kalman filter appears to provide a good approximation for nonlinear, nonnormal land surface problems, despite its dependence on normality assumptions.
A single high-affinity binding site for von Willebrand factor in collagen III, identified using synthetic triple-helical peptides
Authors: Lisman Ton , Raynal Nicolas , Groeneveld Dafna , Maddox Ben , Peachey Anthony R. , Huizinga Eric G. , de Groot Philip G. , Farndale Richard W. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The essential event in platelet adhesion to the injured blood vessel wall is the binding to subendothelial collagen of plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein that interacts transiently with platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα), slowing circulating platelets to facilitate firm adhesion through collagen receptors, including integrin α2β1 and GpVI. To locate the site in collagen that binds VWF, we synthesized 57 overlapping triple-helical peptides comprising the whole triple-helical domain of collagen III. Peptide no. 23 alone bound VWF, with similar affinity to that of native collagen III. Immobilized peptide no. 23 supported platelet adhesion under static and flow conditions, processes blocked by an antibody that prevents collagen from binding the VWF A3 domain. Truncated and alanine-substituted peptides derived from no. 23 either strongly interacted with both VWF and platelets or lacked both VWF and platelet binding. Thus, we identified the sequence RGQOGVMGF (O is hydroxyproline) as the minimal VWF-binding sequence in collagen III.