bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Alkylcyclopropane‐Annelated Methyl 2‐Iminoimidazolidinecarboxylates
Authors: Nötzel Marcus W. , Frank Daniel , Labahn Thomas , Magull Jörg , de Meijere Armin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCyclopropane‐ and alkylcyclopropane‐annelated methyl imidazolidinecarboxylates 5 are formed from unsubstituted 1‐H and from 2′‐substituted methyl 2‐chloro‐2‐cyclopropylideneacetates (1‐R) and N,N′,N″‐triarylguanidines (2) in a domino process consisting of a Michael addition and an immediately ensuing ring closure by intramolecular nucleophilic substitution in moderate to very good yields (30–95 %, 8 examples). The products 5 with alkyl substituents on the spirocyclopropane moiety are formed diastereoselectively.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Simulation of incompressible viscous flows around moving objects by a variant of immersed boundary‐lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Wu J. , Shu C. , Zhang Y. H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA variant of immersed boundary‐lattice Boltzmann method (IB‐LBM) is presented in this paper to simulate incompressible viscous flows around moving objects. As compared with the conventional IB‐LBM where the force density is computed explicitly by Hook's law or the direct forcing method and the non‐slip condition is only approximately satisfied, in the present work, the force density term is considered as the velocity correction which is determined by enforcing the non‐slip condition at the boundary. The lift and drag forces on the moving object can be easily calculated via the velocity correction on the boundary points. The capability of the present method for moving objects is well demonstrated through its application to simulate flows around a moving circular cylinder, a rotationally oscillating cylinder, and an elliptic flapping wing. Furthermore, the simulation of flows around a flapping flexible airfoil is carried out to exhibit the ability of the present method for implementing the elastic boundary condition. It was found that under certain conditions, the flapping flexible airfoil can generate larger propulsive force than the flapping rigid airfoil. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probabilistic topography of human corpus callosum using cytoarchitectural parcellation and high angular resolution diffusion imaging tractography
Authors: Chao Yi‐Ping , Cho Kuan‐Hung , Yeh Chun‐Hung , Chou Kun‐Hsien , Chen Jyh‐Horng , Lin Ching‐Po 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe function of the corpus callosum (CC) is to distribute perceptual, motor, cognitive, learned, and voluntary information between the two hemispheres of the brain. Accurate parcellation of the CC according to fiber composition and fiber connection is of upmost important. In this work, population‐based probabilistic connection topographies of the CC, in the standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space, are estimated by incorporating anatomical cytoarchitectural parcellation with high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) tractography. First, callosal fibers are extracted using multiple fiber assignment by continuous tracking algorithm based on q‐ball imaging (QBI), on 12 healthy and young subjects. Then, the fiber tracts are aligned in the standard MNI coordinate system based on a tract‐based transformation scheme. Next, twenty‐eight Brodmann's areas on the surface of cortical cortex are registered to the MNI space to parcellate the aligned callosal fibers. Finally, the population‐based topological subdivisions of the midsagittal CC to each cortical target are then mapped. And the resulting subdivisions of the CC that connect to the frontal and somatosensory associated cortex are also showed. To our knowledge, it is the first topographic subdivisions of the CC done using HARDI tractography and cytoarchitectonic information. In conclusion, this sophisticated topography of the CC may serve as a landmark to further understand the correlations between the CC, brain intercommunication, and functional cytoarchitectures. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visual rating of the hippocampus in non‐demented elders: Does it measure hippocampal atrophy or other indices of brain atrophy? The SMART‐MR study
Authors: Knoops Arnoud J.G. , van der Graaf Yolanda , Appelman Auke P.A. , Gerritsen Lotte , Mali Willem P.Th.M. , Geerlings Mirjam I. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractVisual rating of hippocampal atrophy is often used to differentiate between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. We investigated whether two visual rating scales of hippocampal atrophy were related to hippocampal volumes, and if visual rating was related to global, cortical and subcortical brain atrophy in persons without dementia. Within the SMART‐MR study, a prospective cohort study among patients with manifest arterial disease, medial temporal lobe atrophy was qualitatively rated in 95 participants without dementia (mean age 62 ± 10 years) using two visual rating scales: the medial temporal lobe (MTA) score was rated on coronal oriented images and the perihippocampal cerebrospinal fluid (HCSF) score was rated on axial oriented images. Hippocampal volume assessed by manual segmentation on a 3‐dimensional FFE T1‐weighted MR image. Automated segmentation was used to quantify volumes of brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid. Total brain volume, gray matter volume, and ventricular volume were divided by intracranial volume to obtain brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), gray matter fraction (GMF) and ventricular fraction (VF). Using ANOVA, crude hippocampal volumes were smaller with increasing MTA and HSCF scores as were hippocampal volumes normalized for intracranial volume (P < 0.05). However, hippocampal volumes normalized for total brain size were not smaller with increasing MTA or HSCF scores (P = 0.33 and P = 0.49). Also, with increasing visual rating scores, BPF was smaller and VF was larger (P < 0.001), and the GMF decreased with increasing HCSF score (P = 0.008). In this nondemented population, visual rating of the medial temporal lobe reflects hippocampal atrophy as well as global and subcortical atrophy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel anticancer effect of Astragalus saponins: Transcriptional activation of NSAID‐activated gene
Authors: Auyeung Kathy K.W. , Cho Chi‐Hin , Ko Joshua K.S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAstragalus membranaceus has been used to ameliorate the side effects of antineoplastic drugs because of its immunomodulating nature. We had recently demonstrated that total Astragalus saponins (AST) possess anticarcinogenic and proapoptotic properties in human colon cancer cells and tumor xenograft. In this study, we identified NSAID‐activated gene (NAG‐1) as a potential molecular target of AST. The growth‐inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of AST were assessed in a panel of human cancer cell lines. Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining, Annexin V‐FITC/propidium iodide staining, Western immunoblotting, real‐time PCR, luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were conducted to determine the association of NAG‐1 and related transcription factors with AST during its regulation of apoptotic activities. Moreover, the combined proapoptotic and NAG‐1 promoting activities of AST and/or inhibitors of the PI3K‐Akt pathway were also examined. AST caused overexpression of NAG‐1, leading to PARP cleavage and apoptosis. The induction of NAG‐1 promoter activity by the drug was associated with increased gene expression, in addition to prior increase in Egr‐1 expression and DNA binding activity. AST‐induced NAG‐1 activation was intensified when PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or Akt inhibitor was co‐treated and reversed by NAG‐1 siRNA transfection. Nevertheless, the extent of NAG‐1 induction could not be altered by the ERK inhibitor PD98059. Our results indicate that NAG‐1 is a potential molecular target of AST in its antitumorigenic and proapoptotic actions, which would have additive effects when used along with PI3K‐Akt inhibitors. The information obtained could facilitate future development of a novel target‐specific chemotherapeutic agent with known molecular pathway. © 2009 UICC
An in vivo study of Cdh1/APC in breast cancer formation
Authors: Fujita Takeo , Liu Weijun , Doihara Hiroyoshi , Wan Yong 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDysregulation of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) has been implicated in several types of tumorigenesis. Our previous studies have shown the potential role of Cdh1/APC in regulating tumor formation via governing the Skp2‐p27‐cyclinE/CDK2 axis. In this work, we used a xenograft mouse breast cancer model to identify the mechanism by which Cdh1/APC potentially suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Here, we report that depletion of Cdh1 results in a significant enhancement of the breast tumor proliferation, while elevated Cdh1 leads to suppression of breast tumor growth. Analysis of breast tissue arrays has indicated that higher levels of Cdh1 are associated with normal breast epithelial tissues whereas lower Skp2 expression and elevated p27 levels are detected. Conversely, the percentage of breast cancer tissues stained positive for Cdh1 and p27 are significantly lower with higher Skp2 levels. Thus, the E3 ligase, Cdh1/APC, may inhibit breast tumor growth via regulating Skp2‐p27 mediated cell cycle progression. © 2009 UICC
Hedgehog and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition signaling in normal and malignant epithelial cells of the esophagus
Authors: Isohata Noriyuki , Aoyagi Kazuhiko , Mabuchi Tomoko , Daiko Hiroyuki , Fukaya Masahide , Ohta Hiroyuki , Ogawa Kenji , Yoshida Teruhiko , Sasaki Hiroki 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt has been established that the Hedgehog (Hh) and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) signals act on morphogenesis of embryonic and adult tissues. Recently, both signals have been involved in tumor malignancy. However, little is known as to whether Hh and EMT signals act on normal and malignant epithelial cells in the esophagus. By laser microdissection (LMD)‐based microarray and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in the undifferentiated and differentiated epithelial cells of the esophagus, we compared the expression profiles of Hh and EMT signaling molecules of these cells with those of cancers. Whether and how both signalings act in undifferentiated cells and in cancer cells are investigated by treatment of a Hh‐signal inhibitor and/or siRNAs of Hh and EMT transcriptional key regulator genes on a mouse primary culture and on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines. Undifferentiated esophageal epithelial cells and most ESCCs coexpressed Hh and EMT signaling genes. Some mesenchymal‐related genes were regulated by an EMT regulator SIP1/ZEB2/ZFHX1B, which was a downstream gene of a primary transcriptional transducer GLI1 in Hh signaling. Hh signal block inhibited esophageal keratinocyte differentiation and cancer cell invasion and growth. These findings suggest that the mesenchymal gene expression of undifferentiated cells is maintained or strengthened in cancer cells through Hh signaling. This is a first report showing the presence of crosstalk between Hh and EMT pathways. © 2009 UICC
Peripheral blood stem cell recovery following early termination of apheresis due to hypotension in a 4.8‐kg infant
Authors: Alex Jessie , Bahl Matthew J. , Schlueter Annette J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe report a case in which peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were successfully recovered following early termination of a collection procedure due to hypotension in a 7‐month‐old patient. The patient was diagnosed at 4 months of age with neuroblastoma stage IV‐S with favorable Shimada histology. She had completed two cycles of chemotherapy before the PBSC collection (PSCC). The procedure was performed on the Cobe Spectra in manual mode, and terminated after 35 min due to severe hypotension. Etiologies considered for the hypotensive episode included a transfusion reaction to the unit of red blood cells (RBC) used for priming the Spectra, citrate reaction, and hypovolemia due to blood drawn for laboratory testing and fluid shifts at the beginning of the procedure. Hypovolemia was ultimately determined to be the most likely etiology. A rinseback was performed into a transfer bag, and the cells were sent to the laboratory for analysis of CD34+ cell yield, volume reduction, and cryopreservation. An adequate number of PBSC were recovered to permit successful autologous transplantation. The ability to recover PBSC from the Spectra white blood cell collection set allowed the patient to avoid undergoing another PSCC. In procedures involving small children, the blood volume drawn for preprocedure testing should be limited to less than 10% of the patient's total blood volume, and the RBC prime should at a minimum replace the entire extracorporeal volume. If the procedure must be terminated early, sufficient PBSC may be recoverable from the blood in the apheresis instrument. J. Clin. Apheresis 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
I think therefore i om: cognitive distortions and coping style as mediators for the effects of mindfulness meditation on anxiety, positive and negative affect, and hope
Authors: Sears Sharon , Kraus Sue 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis study examined cognitive distortions and coping styles as potential mediators for the effects of mindfulness meditation on anxiety, negative affect, positive affect, and hope in college students. Our pre‐ and postintervention design had four conditions: control, brief meditation focused on attention, brief meditation focused on loving kindness, and longer meditation combining both attentional and loving kindness aspects of mindfulness. Each group met weekly over the course of a semester. Longer combined meditation significantly reduced anxiety and negative affect and increased hope. Changes in cognitive distortions mediated intervention effects for anxiety, negative affect, and hope. Further research is needed to determine differential effects of types of meditation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–13, 2009.
Sub‐proteome analysis in the green flagellate alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Wagner Volker , Boesger Jens , Mittag Maria 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn the past years, research on the flagellate unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has entered a new era based on the availability of its complete genome. Since this green alga can be grown relatively easy in a short time‐range, sufficient biological material is available to efficiently establish biochemical purification procedures of sub‐cellular fractions. Combined with the available genome sequences, this paved the way to perform analysis of specific sub‐proteomes by mass spectrometry. In this review, several approaches that provided comprehensive lists of components of certain sub‐cellular compartments and their biological relevance will be described. These include proteins of chloroplast ribosomes, of flagella, of the eyespot as well as posttranslational and environmentally modified sub‐proteomes. The power of such proteome approaches lies in the identification of novel components and modifications of a given sub‐proteome that have not been discovered before. Information is usually gained at a large scale and is very valuable to further understand biological processes of a given cellular sub‐compartment. But clearly the arduous task has then to be performed to further analyze the function of specific proteins/genes by RNA interference technology, mutant analyses or methods for identifying the protein interaction network within a sub‐proteome. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Correlating Raman peak shifts with phase transformation and defect densities: a comprehensive TEM and Raman study on silicon
Authors: Wermelinger Thomas , Spolenak Ralph 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSilicon is the most often used material in micro electromechanical systems (MEMS). Detailed understanding of its mechanical properties as well as the microstructure is crucial for the reliability of MEMS devices. In this paper, we investigate the microstructure changes upon indentation of single crystalline (100) oriented silicon by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman microscopy. TEM cross sections were prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) at the location of the indent. Raman microscopy and TEM revealed the occurrence of phase transformations and residual stresses upon deformation. Raman microscopy was also used directly on the cross‐sectional TEM lamella and thus microstructural details could be correlated to peak shape and peak position. The results show, however, that due to the implanted Ga+ ions in the lamella the silicon Raman peak is shifted significantly to lower wavenumbers. This hinders a quantitative analysis of residual stresses in the lamella. Furthermore, Raman microscopy also possesses the ability to map deformation structures with a lateral resolution in the submicron range. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phonon confinement and substitutional disorder in Cd1−xZnxS nanocrystals
Authors: Sahoo Satyaprakash , Dhara S. , Sivasubramanian V. , Kalavathi S. , Arora A. K. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract1‐longitudinal optical (LO) phonons in free‐standing mixed Cd1−xZnxS nanocrystals, synthesized using chemical precipitation, are investigated using Raman spectroscopy. As expected for the nanocrystals, the 1‐LO modes are found to appear at slightly lower wavenumbers than those in the bulk mixed crystals and exhibit one‐mode behavior. On the other hand, the line broadening is found to be much more than that can be accounted on the basis of phonon confinement. From the detailed line‐shape analysis it turns out that the substitutional disorder in the mixed crystals contributes much more to the line broadening than the phonon confinement. The linewidth arising from these mechanisms are also extracted from the analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy of a β‐sheet peptide: a model for membrane protein folding
Authors: Shafaat Hannah S. , Sanchez Katheryn M. , Neary Tiffany J. , Kim Judy E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe partitioning of a hydrophobic hexapeptide, N‐acetyl‐tryptophan‐pentaleucine (AcWL5), into self‐associated β‐sheets within a vesicle membrane was studied as a model for integral membrane protein folding and insertion via vibrational and electronic spectroscopy. Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy allows selective examination of the structures of amino acid side chains and the peptide backbone and provides information about local environment and molecular conformation. The secondary structure of AcWL5 within a vesicle membrane was investigated using 207.5‐nm excitation and found to consist of β‐sheets, in agreement with previous studies. The β‐sheet peptide shows enhanced Raman scattering cross‐sections for all amide modes as well as extensive hydrogen‐bonding networks. Tryptophan vibrational structure was probed using 230‐nm excitation. Increases in Raman cross‐sections of tryptophan modes W1, W3, W7, W10, W16, W17, and W18 of membrane‐incorporated AcWL5 are primarily attributed to greater resonance enhancement with the Bb electronic transition. The W17 mode, however, undergoes a much greater enhancement than is expected for a simple resonance effect, and this observation is discussed in terms of hydrogen bonding of the indole ring in a hydrophobic environment. The observed tryptophan mode frequencies and intensities overall support a hydrophobic environment for the indole ring within a vesicle, and these results have implications for the location of tryptophan in membrane protein systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What influences guests' emotions? The case of high‐quality hotels
Authors: Brunner‐Sperdin Alexandra , Peters Mike 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper outlines the methodology and results of an attempt to assess influences on the emotional states of hotel guests. When consuming tourism products, tourists do not only expect professional services but also desire satisfying experiences. According to Pine and Gilmore (1998), goods and services must be ‘experientialized’ because customers seek for rewarding, memorable and pleasurable consumption experiences. Quality management research suggests that traditional service quality measures are insufficient in evaluating the satisfaction of the ‘new’ tourists with consumed services. In order to measure customer satisfaction, it is important to take into account factors concerning the psychological environment such as subjective personal reactions or feelings experienced by consumers. Thus, experience quality should be the starting point for developing models to assess emotions in tourism industry. After reviewing the latest literature in the field of service and experience measurement in leisure and tourism, the paper presents an experience model highlighting causalities measuring flow experience during the consumption of activities. The results show that the hotel setting has strong influence on the emotional state of the guests and that the staging of the service environment as well as the service process constitutes a crucial part of the hotel strategy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Branding a memorable destination experience. The case of ‘Brand Canada’
Authors: Hudson Simon , Ritchie J. R. Brent 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMany destinations around the world sell themselves in very similar ways; imagery centres around overused icons, such as nature, beaches, families and couples all having fun. The tone of messaging is also generic, usually focusing on the ideas of escape and discovery. However, some destinations have developed a clear, unique positioning by branding the destination experience rather than the physical attributes of their destination, capturing the consumer's attention with a more compelling and urgent reason to visit. In order to emulate and compete with these countries, Canada has recently undergone a rebranding exercise called Brand Canada. After presenting a conceptual framework for understanding the brand‐building process, this paper describes the rebranding of Canada, a campaign that has focused on the tourist experience, creating marketing messages based on these experiences to appeal to the emotions of potential travellers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient profile, indications, efficacy and safety of duodenal levodopa infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease
Authors: Devos David ,   for the French DUODOPA Study Group
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe studies of duodenal infusion of a levodopa on small groups of parkinsonian patients have reported beneficial effects on motor complications. However, little is known about the patient profile and indications for duodenal levodopa infusion. The purpose of this study is to exhaustively investigate the clinical characteristics of the population and indication, efficacy and tolerability of duodenal levodopa infusion in natural care settings. Of the 102 patients treated with duodenal levodopa infusion since 2003, 91 were enrolled in a multicentre retrospective study. The mean age was 72.7 years, with average disease duration of 17 years. Patients were at advanced stage: 91% had gait disorders, 65% had visual hallucinations, and 50% were demented (MMSE: 23). Duodenal levodopa infusion was the last line of treatment for motor complications in 98% of the patients, due to failure of or contraindication for apomorphine pump and neurosurgical treatments. Long‐term treatment was observed by 73% of the population. Of these, >90% reported an improvement in motor fluctuations, quality of life, and autonomy. There were few severe adverse events. Technical problems were commonplace. Duodenal levodopa infusion seems to be an effective last‐line therapy for motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Hence, technical improvements and earlier introduction should be considered. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society.