bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the freezing resistance and repair technology of prestressed high-strength concrete pipe piles
Authors: Qi Guangzheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article takes a prestressed high-strength concrete tube pile (PHC tube pile) in Tianjin Port as the research object, considers the influence of the type of admixture, forming process, and maintenance method in the process of concrete fabrication, and carries out a rapid freeze-thaw test of PHC tube pile concrete. The changes in the mass loss rate, relative compressive strength, and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity with the number of freeze-thaw cycles, as well as the influence characteristics and mechanism of the admixture type, forming process, and curing method, were obtained. Based on this study, the repair and reinforcement of the base concrete were carried out using ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites and cementitious permeable crystalline composites, and a rapid freeze-thaw test was conducted on the repaired concrete specimens to verify the repair and reinforcement effects of the two materials. The study showed that the mass loss rate, relative strength, and relative dynamic elastic modulus can better characterize the freezing resistance of PHC piles, and it is safer to use the relative dynamic elastic modulus as the evaluation index of the freezing resistance of PHC pile concrete than the mass loss rate. The concrete admixture, forming process, and maintenance method have significant effects on the freezing resistance of the PHC pipe pile mix. The splitting damage surface of both ultrahigh-toughness cementitious composites (UHTTC) and cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing (CCCW) repaired concrete is a reinforced surface, and both repair materials can improve the freezing resistance of PHC pipe piles through the crack arresting effect and reduction in initial porosity.
Polymerization of polar α-olefin with high activity and high syndiotactic selectivity catalyzed by scandium metal catalyst of fluorene coordination
Authors: Liu Yi , Liu Jia , Li Xiaofang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
High functional poly α-olefin can be synthesized from polar α-olefin containing heteroatomic groups by coordination polymerization. These highly functional poly α-olefin materials can obviously improve the non-polar poly α-olefin materials, such as the appearance, printability, adhesion, rheology, compatibility with other polymer materials and blending properties to improve their added value and expand their industrial application range. In this paper, a series of polymer materials with potential application value were prepared with a catalyst of scandium fluorene Flu-Sc(THF)n (CH2SiMe3)2 to achieve high reaction activity (63.1×103g/(molcath)) and high selectivity polymerization (rrrr>99%) of polar α-olefin with different heteroatoms and different chain lengths.
Technological process for treating radioactive TBP/OK spent solvents
Authors: Ma Jing , Wang Ke , Li Meijiao , Liu Tiejun , Yang Cuiling 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tributyl phosphate (TBP) and kerosene (OK) spent radioactive organic solvents will be produced during the nuclear fuel reprocessing process, which may cause equipment corrosion by direct incineration. Therefore, additives need to be added to prepare a uniformly stable suspension. The amount of each raw material added during the preparation process and the stirring operation can have a significant effect on the performance of the suspension. In this paper, the influence of the amount of each raw material and the stirring rate on the emulsion formation, stabilization time, and fluidity of suspension is studied through different experiments to optimize the suspension formulation of the pyrolysis/incineration processes. The experimental results show that when the volume content of TBP was 30%~60%, the prepared suspension had excellent performance and could be used as the basic solution for suspension formulation. In contrast, when the volume content of TBP was more than 80%, the prepared suspension became less stable, the emulsion phase broke and settled, and the performance of the suspension was poor. When the volume contents of TBP were 30% and 60%, respectively, the DBP content was less than 0.26% and 0.6%, respectively, the Ca-P ratio was 1.25~1.75. Water content was 8~12%. The prepared suspension had great emulsion formation and fluidity. The viscosity and stability time meet the requirements with little secondary waste. The suspension can be applied in TBP/OK spent radioactive organic solvents pyrolysis/incineration reprocessing project.
Effect of nanoparticles on mechanical properties in composite coated materials enhanced by metal nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Xiaoqin , Peng Chenglong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The development of modern high-tech urgently needs high-performance materials with low elastic modulus, high yield strength, and large elastic strain performance. However, traditional metal materials lack the characteristics of combining the advantages of these high-performance materials. The metal nanoparticles, with super large elastic strain and ultra-high yield strength, enhance the incomparable superior performance of traditional single materials and have a wide application prospect in many modern high-tech industries. In addition, the nanoparticles will reunite in the collective, which has a certain impact on the mechanical properties of the composite coating materials. Several metal nanoparticles were selected as reinforcing materials and epoxy resin polymer as a matrix material to explore and analyze the influence of nanoparticles in the composite coating materials of metal nanoparticles. The hydrothermal method was used to enhance the properties of the epoxy resin polymer, disperse the epoxy resin, make the Huangyang resin composite coating, and study the effect of nanometer content on the mechanical properties of the composite coating. According to the research results, the appropriate amount of nanometers can optimize the performance of the coating of epoxy resin. When the number of nanoparticles added is 0.05%, the mechanical properties of the coating reach the best.
Molecular simulation of the effect of epoxy side chains on the microstructure and trap characteristics of the cured system
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Zhao Xiaoyang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Epoxy resin is widely used in power equipment as encapsulation insulation material, but its development and application are affected by its thermal stability, charge accumulation, and poor thermal conductivity. In this paper, epoxy resin’s properties are improved by side-linked grafting, and the microstructure and trap properties of epoxy resin that are grafted with Si-O covalent bond, C-F covalent bond, lipid ring structure, and benzene ring are studied by molecular dynamics method. The simulated structure shows that the epoxy side links do not affect the amorphous structure, but the molecular segment mobility, the number, and the free volume of hydrogen bonds will be affected by the system’s chemical structure. Among them, the introduction of bisphenol AF can increase the free volume of the system, improve molecular segments’ mobility, and affect the formation of hydrogen bonds. Molecular segments’ movement can be inhibited by Alicycles’ introduction. The hydrogen bond energy and hydrogen bond quantity of the system will be increased by the new hydroxyl group’s introduction. The system’s thermal conductivity is reduced by epoxy side links. The grafting of specific polar structures in the epoxy resin system can introduce deep hole traps and shallow electron traps.
Porous structure based on Fenton reaction-assisted chemical etching of commercial silicon powder and its application for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide
Authors: Li Junpeng , Wang Zi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Silicon-based porous nanocomposites are considered promising as electrode materials for the photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. However, the high cost of raw materials and tedious processing for building nanostructures may not be conducive to large-scale industrial applications in terms of cost. Herein, we would like to introduce a porous structure prepared by Fenton reaction-assisted chemical etching of low-cost commercial silicon powder in the mixed solution of hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen peroxide. These porous particles are further decorated with silver nanoparticles to explore their feasibility for photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. As shown by experimental results, this silicon-based nanocomposite is capable of catalyzing the conversion of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide. The low cost of commercial silicon powder (~$3000/ton) compared with that of silicon wafers also renders this method potential and feasible for large-scale production of silicon-based porous materials.
Study on the wettability of the stainless steel pieces prepared by different methods
Authors: Zou Junchen , Chen Yingqi , Sun Xiaoquan , Huang Wenhao , Wu Qin , Chen Yongqiang , Yuan Dan , Zhang Zhao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With the increase in air quality problems derived from the emission of cooking oil fumes, the oil fume purifier was widely installed in household kitchens to eliminate the oil fume. However, because of the great adhesion of the oil, the elimination efficiency of the oil fume purifier goes down and its cleaning difficulty goes up. To solve the problem, four reagents were chosen to fabricate the amphiphobic surface by immersion and chemical vapor deposition. The results showed that the surfaces modified by alcohol reagent, organic fluorine group resin reagent, and heptafluorodecyl trimethoxysilane were only hydrophobic, while perfluorodecanoic acid-modified surface was amphiphobic and its contact angles for water and peanut oil were 138.3° and 125.5° respectively. Therefore, perfluorodecanoic acid could be used to prevent sticking and recycle the condensate of cooking oil fumes on the stainless steel surface of the oil fume purifier.
Cluster dynamics of proton irradiated RPV steel at room temperature
Authors: Wan Qiangmao , Tang Jiaxuan , Chen Lisha , Pang Jiangjun , Jiang Shaofei , Ding Hui , Shu Guogang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The life of reactor pressure vessels in nuclear power plants will be extended to 60 years, while the irradiation data of materials from commercial and experimental reactors are rare and expensive. There is an urgent need to solve how to accurately predict the changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of high-dose irradiated materials of RPV. The cluster dynamics method can be used to establish the relationship between nanostructure and macro properties and to study its evolution over a long period of years. Based on the average rate field theory, a cluster dynamics model was developed for the evolution of irradiated microstructure of RPV steel, which considers both homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation of solute clusters. The model was successfully used to simulate the influence of the proton irradiation-induced cluster size and number density of RPV model steel with a low copper content at room temperature.
Multi-character selection for identifying superior oil palm cultivar using MGIDI
Authors: Sitepu A F , Yenni Y , Sujadi  
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Efficient selection methods are needed in oil palm breeding programs. Selection efficiency will increase if the selection is conducted on several characters simultaneously. However, the selection of segregating progeny is difficult because it is quantitative. MGIDI (Multi-trait Genotype Ideotype Distance Index) is formed based on Monte Carlo simulation to select superior progeny by considering several characters simultaneously. The aim of this study is to evaluate and identify planting materials with compact palm and good production traits using MGIDI. Data were obtained from 21 DxT palms planted at Dolok Sinumbah Plantation, PT. Nusantara IV Plantation, North Sumatra. The imbalanced North Carolina II mating design was employed to produce the materials for this study. The observed characters are the bunch analysis component and vegetative traits. Based on the factorial analysis (FA) results, these characters were grouped into three groups where FA1 contains ODM, OWM, HI, and DIAM. FA2 consists of BW and FB. FA3 consists of MF, OB, SF, KF, and LAI. Based on MGIDI, the selected superior progenies were DT11, DT6, and DT1. Aside from these genotypes DT15 was near the cut point, suggesting that it has an interesting feature. Positive selection gains (0.57-1.52) are obtained for the desired traits, and negative selection gains (-0.24 – (-0.88)) for undesirable traits. Visualization of the strength and weaknesses of each genotype can also assist breeders in decision-making to improve the progeny in the next breeding cycle.
Browning prevention of oil palm somatic embryos in the temporary immersion system with antioxidant mixture and modification of basal media
Authors: Sinta Masna Maya , Saptari Rizka Tamania , Riyadi Imron , Sumaryono  
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Browning on in vitro culture is one of the problems in somatic embryo regeneration that leads to growth inhibition and death of explants. This study aimed to prevent and control browning of oil palm somatic embryos (SE) in the Temporary Immersion System (TIS). The research was conducted in two stages; the first stage was applying an antioxidant mixture at concentrations of 20, 50, and 100 mg L-1 on the browning palm oil SE in TIS. The second stage was carried out by modification of the basal media, namely DF (control), MS, SM, and SMT. The explants used in experiment 2 were browning and fresh SE. The results showed that using 50 ppm antioxidants mixture increased the formation of new SE by up to 15 embryos per flask. Applying SMT basal media on browning SE could decrease browning rate sharply after two cycle cultures by up to 60% browning rate reduction. In this media, it was also seen that the number of new SE increased by up to 250 embryos and produced 15 germinants, while in control, only 60 SE and five germinants were formed. Whereas using SMT basal medium on fresh embryos could prevent browning and increase the formation of new embryos and germinants. In conclusion, using 50 ppm antioxidants can stimulate the formation of new embryos. Using SMT basal media could prevent browning and overcome the occurrence of browning in embryos by increasing the formation of new embryos and germinants.
In vitro antifungal activity of several organic compounds against Ganoderma boninense
Authors: Yusup Ciptadi Achmad , Eris Deden Dewantara , Mulyatni Agustin Sri , Pradana Mahardika Gama , Widiastuti Happy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Ganoderma boninense is the pathogenic fungi responsible for oil palm basal stem rot (BSR), one of the major diseases that can lead to plant death. Until recently, the most effective methods for controlling BSR disease were still in search. We tested several organic compounds that had the potential as fungicides for G. boninense, namely allicin, hesperidin, rutin, and polyphenol. The G. boninense used in this study was isolated from Bah Jambi, North Sumatra. The in vitro antifungal activity was tested using the media poisoning methods with 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% concentrations with three replications. The growth capacity of treated G. boninense colonies was done using the Bavendamm test. The organic compounds showed different degrees of inhibition and increased with increasing concentration. Allicin was the most effective compound against G. boninense, with a 100% inhibition rate at the lowest concentration, followed by polyphenol. The G. boninense treated with allicin and polyphenol has neither grown nor produced a reddish-brown area underneath when reinoculated to a tannic acid-containing medium. This result indicates the treated inoculum has no growth capacity. Allicin and polyphenol showed high potential as active compounds of organic fungicide against G. boninense.
Enhancing the regeneration of TIS-derived somatic embryos of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) with CaCl2 and GA3
Authors: Saptari R T , Sinta M M , Riyadi I , Sumaryono  
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Micropropagation of oil palm through somatic embryogenesis (SE) technique provides clonal and uniform seedlings as high-quality planting materials for plantation. However, a problem associated with oil palm SE is the low regeneration rate of the somatic embryos. It was revealed that nutrient balance played a vital role in the success of SE regeneration. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the balance between a macronutrient, calcium, and the germination-inducing hormone, Gibberellin (GA3) in enhancing the regeneration of the oil palm somatic embryos derived from the Temporary Immersion System (TIS). Treatments consist of various concentrations of CaCl2 (440, 880, or 1320 mg L-1) and enrichment of GA3 (2 or 4 mg L-1) applied into SE regeneration media, followed by the observation of regeneration rate and shoot tip necrosis after five weeks of culture. The study revealed that CaCl2 in the concentration of 880 mg L-1 was the best in stimulating oil palm TIS-derived SE regeneration. A higher concentration of GA3 (4 mg L-1) was needed in the first transition of SE from TIS into SE regeneration media in solid culture, while further SE-derived shoots development needed a lower concentration of GA3.
Recent Developments in F1 Hybrid Project
Authors: Nasution Olviyani , Iswandar Harry Ericson , Ramadhani Kurnia , Handoko Joko , Milani Ayu , Premana Angga , Djuhjana Jajan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
London Sumatra (Lonsum) has continuously pursued the F1 hybrid project to produce the genetic and phenotypic uniformity of palms that highlight the exceptional qualities of the parents. Selection of haploid palms that have been duplicated by tissue culture techniques to become doubled haploid is an efficient method for producing highly homozygous palms. About 206 dura haploids and 47 haploid pisifera from different populations were obtained by abnormal seed and seedling screening. During this time, one of four dura-doubled haploids that produce normal flowers have proliferated. Due to the unavailability of doubled haploid pisifera, the potential of dura doubled haploid as a parental candidate was tested by crossing it with highly homozygous diploid pisifera (>80%). The offspring are referred to as semi-hybrids and are currently in an immature state. Going forward, the F1 hybrid project will cross doubled haploid dura and pisifera while continuing to monitor the potential of semi-hybrids.
Geospatial technology on road, terrace and planting point for oil palm cultivation in hilly terrain
Authors: Totok S , Dzulfansyah D , Hermanto A , Tey S H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
One of marginal area for oil palm cultivation is on hilly terrain, which pose various agro-management problems start from planting preparation, during oil palm growth/maintenance and up to the harvesting and transporting of the fresh fruit bunches. Geospatial technology was used to help designing road system with focuses on 1) road gradient of less than 7°, 2) road density of less than 200 m/ha and 3) carry distance of about 100m along the terraces. Commercial trial in Pelalawan Riau showed that the design can be implemented resulting average road gradient of 4.7°, road density of 234 m/ha and average carry distance of 143m. Geospatial technology was also used to help designing terraces where digital terrain model was used to produce suitable rajah line location. On planting point, improved Gawthorn and Violle method was introduced incorporating geospatial analysis in detection of potential etiolation areas. The method produced stand per ha of 142 palm/ha (and 145 in commercial) with minimized potential etiolation area to 6%.
Comparative incidence of Ganoderma basal stem rot and upper stem rot disease in oil palm in relation to soil type and geographical distribution
Authors: Hendra H , Haryadi D , Sidhu M , Samosir Y , Tan J S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The greatest danger to oil palm sustainability in Indonesia is posed by basal stem rot (BSR) and upper stem rot (USR). However, information on their comparative incidence in relation to soil types and geo-distribution remains scarce. As such, data from annual surveys carried out over 95,000 ha of first-generation oil palms planted in Asian Agri estates was reviewed and analyzed. The highest infection levels occurred in North Sumatra, followed by Riau and Jambi. Likewise, infection levels were highest in peat (24.79 palms/ha), followed by alluvial (13.41 palms/ha), volcanic (7.25 palms/ha), and inland (0.07 palms/ha) soil types. Averaged over three provinces and all four soil types, infection due to USR was more dominant than BSR, comprising 52.3% and 47.7%, respectively. Molecular assays of infected tissue confirmed that both BSR and USR were caused by the genus Ganoderma with the major species being G. boninense. Longitudinal dissections of oil palm trunks infected by USR indicated no infection connectivity with the basal portion of the trunk, unlike BSR, where the infection is through root contact. Transmission through basidiospores is likely to play an essential role in USR epidemiology. Understanding pathogen distribution, species identity, and its transmission epidemiology are prerequisites to control diseases more effectively.
Breeding using parents of restricted origins
Authors: Nur F , Forster B P , Caligari P D S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Breeding using parental lines of restricted origins (BPROs) is a term used to give a description of populations that can be traced back to specific origins. Breeding material available at Verdant is obtained via Dami Oil Palm Research Station (Papua New Guinea). BPROs have been conserved and, or developed independently by selfing, sib crossing, and inter-progeny crossing within the BPRO. Deli Dura is a well-known female breeding population along with the famous AVROS male lines. Other breeding materials being conserved, targeted, and developed by Verdant include: Calabar, Sibiti, and Ekona materials, plus other breeding materials initially received from the former Binga Research Station, Democratic Republic of Congo. Verdant is also exploiting several lines of La Mé material. Breeding using marker-defined genotypes is deployed to target breeding using selected parents. Progeny and palms with distinct genetic variation and complementary traits can be identified by in-depth genotyping (e.g., Diversity Array Technology, DArT marker analysis) – PCoA plots generated from DArT show distinct diversity clusters within and among breeding materials. AVROS and Deli Dura breeding materials are separated by relatively large genetic distances, which may account, in part, for their success in producing commercial Teneras. The PCoA plots also show that Deli Duras are distinct from Dabou and Angola Duras. Variation in Pisifera germplasm is associated with allelic variation at the SHELL gene (Sh). Various Sh allelic combinations are found in the BPRO materials: A/A, 1/1, and 8/8.