bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of indexing practices and weighting algorithms on document spaces
Authors: Wolfram Dietmar , Zhang Jin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIndex modeling and computer simulation techniques are used to examine the influence of indexing frequency distributions, indexing exhaustivity distributions, and three weighting methods on hypothetical document spaces in a vector‐based information retrieval (IR) system. The way documents are indexed plays an important role in retrieval. The authors demonstrate the influence of different indexing characteristics on document space density (DSD) changes and document space discriminative capacity for IR. Document environments that contain a relatively higher percentage of infrequently occurring terms provide lower density outcomes than do environments where a higher percentage of frequently occurring terms exists. Different indexing exhaustivity levels, however, have little influence on the document space densities. A weighting algorithm that favors higher weights for infrequently occurring terms results in the lowest overall document space densities, which allows documents to be more readily differentiated from one another. This in turn can positively influence IR. The authors also discuss the influence on outcomes using two methods of normalization of term weights (i.e., means and ranges) for the different weighting methods.
Extracting accurate and complete results from search engines: Case study windows live
Authors: Thelwall Mike 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAlthough designed for general Web searching, Webometrics and related research commercial search engines are also used to produce estimated hit counts or lists of URLs matching a query. Unfortunately, however, they do not return all matching URLs for a search and their hit count estimates are unreliable. In this article, we assess whether it is possible to obtain complete lists of matching URLs from Windows Live, and whether any of its hit count estimates are robust. As part of this, we introduce two new methods to extract extra URLs from search engines: automated query splitting and automated domain and TLD searching. Both methods successfully identify additional matching URLs but the findings suggest that there is no way to get complete lists of matching URLs or accurate hit counts from Windows Live, although some estimating suggestions are provided.
Knowledge‐system theory in society: Charting the growth of knowledge‐system models over a decade, 1994–2003
Authors: Graham Paul J. , Dickinson Harley D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe second half of the twentieth century saw the emergence of three knowledge‐system models: Mode 2 knowledge production, the Triple Helix, and Post‐Normal Science (PNS). Today, this emphasis on knowledge use is the focus of such important health movements as evidence‐based medicine. Building on the methodological work of Shinn (2002) and the theoretical work of Holzner and Marx (1979), we conducted a bibliometric study of the extent to which the three knowledge‐system models are used by researchers to frame problems of health‐knowledge use. By doing so, we reveal how these models fit into a larger knowledge system of health and evidence‐based decision making. The study results show clearly that although these knowledge models are extremely popular for contextualizing research, there is a distinct lack of emphasis on use of the models in knowledge utilization or evidence‐based medicine. We recommend using these models for further research in three specific dimensions of health systems analysis: (a) differences in language use, (b) transformative thinking about health‐knowledge functions, and (c) ethical analysis of institutional linkages.
Neubau von zwei Fuß‐ und Radwegbrücken in Dortmund
Authors: Sobek Werner , Engelsmann Stephan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDer Neubau von zwei innerstädtischen Fuß‐ und Radwegbrücken in Dortmund war Teil des “Maßnahmenkatalogs Verkehr” für die Fußballweltmeisterschaft 2006. Gestaltkonzept und Erscheinungsbild der Tragstrukturen sind abgeleitet aus der Wegeführung. Die beiden Brückenbauwerke bilden eine nachhaltige Investition in Verkehrsbauten in urbanen Räumen. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Objektplanung und die Tragwerksplanung für die beiden Brückenbauwerke sowie deren Tragverhalten.
Untersuchungen zum Werkstoffverhalten des Feinkornbaustahls S 460 unter erhöhten Temperaturen
Authors: Lange Jörg , Wohlfeil Ninja 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDie Bestimmung der Tragfähigkeit von Bauteilen aus S 460 im Brandfall auf der Grundlage vereinfachter oder allgemeiner Berechnungsverfahren entsprechend EN 1993‐1‐2 [1] erfordert die Kenntnis der mechanischen Eigenschaften des hochfesten Feinkornbaustahls unter erhöhten Temperaturen. Hierzu wurden Untersuchungen an Probestäben aus einem normalisierend gewalzten S 460 N und einem thermomechanisch gewalzten S 460 M durchgeführt. Beide Stahlsorten unterscheiden sich sowohl in ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung als auch in der Temperaturführung beim Walzen. Auf der Grundlage instationärer Warmkriechversuche wurden Werkstoffgesetze für den Temperaturbereich von 20 bis 900 °C hergeleitet. Die Untersuchungen zeigen eine im Vergleich zu S 460 N erhöhte Festigkeit des S 460 M bei hohen Temperaturen. Diese ist zurückzuführen auf die durch das thermomechanische Walzen verursachte Verfestigung und die Verringerung der Kriechgeschwindigkeit durch Niob‐ und Titanausscheidungen. Beim Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit den in EN 1993‐1‐2 [1] für S 460 angegebenen Werkstoffgesetzen erkennt man, dass diese sowohl die Festigkeit als auch die Steifigkeit des untersuchten S 460 N überschätzen.
Exploring the relationship between poverty, childhood adversity and child abuse from the perspective of adulthood
Authors: Frederick John , Goddard Chris 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA recent Australian study of people experiencing poverty, involving in‐depth interviews with 20 participants, suggests that a complex process leading to poverty in adult life can stem from abusive and adverse experiences in childhood. It is considered that these experiences of abuse and adversity may begin a process of ‘negative chain effects’ (Rutter, 2000) resulting in a pathway into poverty caused by ‘accumulated adversity’ (Seth‐Purdie, 2000). The development and maintenance of human capital, defined as the sum of a person's physical, psychological and economic capabilities, are strongly influenced by the extent of adversity experienced over a person's life course, particularly experiences of adversity in early childhood (Seth‐Purdie, 2000). In this paper, the experiences of childhood abuse and adversity reported by the interviewees will be outlined and discussed in the light of theory and research related to development during childhood and adolescence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Listen to Me! Children's experiences of domestic violence
Authors: Buckley Helen , Holt Stephanie , Whelan Sadhbh 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper reports on a study undertaken in the Republic of Ireland during 2005 and is based on the experiences of children and young people who have lived with domestic violence. The objectives of the study were to explore the impact of domestic violence on children, identify their needs and recommend appropriate interventions to be brokered through a centrally based women's support service. Data were gathered from 70 participants, including 37 service providers/volunteers, 11 mothers and 22 children and young people who had lived in violent environments. The data indicated that children respond in unique ways to living with domestic violence, and that services to meet their needs must be tailored to suit their individual situations. The impact of domestic violence on their lives manifested itself with regard to their sense of fear and anxiety in relation to themselves, their siblings and their mothers; their self‐esteem and sense of being ‘different’, their relationships (including ambivalent relationships with their fathers); their experiences of education and their sense of a lost childhood. The final report for the study was based on the total data collection, but this paper will concentrate primarily on the material elicited from the children and young people. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrocarbon‐Soluble Calcium Hydride: A “Worker‐Bee” in Calcium Chemistry
Authors: Spielmann Jan , Harder Sjoerd 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe reactivity of the hydrocarbon‐soluble calcium hydride complex [{CaH(dipp‐nacnac)(thf)}2] (1; dipp‐nacnac=CH{(CMe)(2,6‐iPr2C6H3N)}2) with a large variety of substrates has been investigated. Addition of 1 to CO and CN functionalities gave easy access to calcium alkoxide and amide complexes. Similarly, reduction of the CN bond in a cyanide or an isocyanide resulted in the first calcium aldimide complexes [Ca{NC(H)R}(dipp‐nacnac)] and [Ca{C(H)NR}(dipp‐nacnac)], respectively. Complexation of 1 with borane or alane Lewis acids gave the borates and alanates as contact ion pairs. In reaction with epoxides, nucleophilic ring‐opening is observed as the major reaction. The high reactivity of hydrocarbon‐soluble 1 with most functional groups contrasts strongly with that of insoluble CaH2, which is essentially inert and is used as a common drying agent. Crystal structures of the following products are presented: [{Ca{OC(H)Ph2}(dipp‐nacnac)}2], [{Ca{NC(H)Ph}(dipp‐nacnac)}2], [{Ca{C(H)NC(Me)2CH2C(Me)3}(dipp‐nacnac)}2], [{Ca{C(H)NCy}(dipp‐nacnac)}2], [Ca(dipp‐nacnac)(thf)]+[H2BC8H14]− and [{Ca(OCy)(dipp‐nacnac)}2]. The generally smooth and clean conversions of 1 with a variety of substrates and the stability of most intermediates against ligand exchange make 1 a valuable key precursor in the syntheses of a wide variety of β‐diketiminate calcium complexes.
Iron–Palladium Association in the Preparation of Indoles and One‐Pot Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes
Authors: Terrasson Vincent , Michaux Julien , Gaucher Anne , Wehbe Johny , Marque Sylvain , Prim Damien , Campagne Jean‐Marc 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIndoles were prepared by annulation of the parent alkynylanilines with the use of a new FeCl3–PdCl2catalytic combination. High yields were obtained by using low loadings of the transition‐metal complex (FeCl3–PdCl2: 2 and 1 mol‐%, respectively). One‐pot accesses to bis(indolyl)methanes and trisubstituted indoles through annulation/Friedel–Crafts alkylation and annulation/1,4‐Michael addition sequences, in which FeCl3acts both as a cooxidant and a Lewis acid are described.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A review of adverse effects of damping in seismic isolation
Authors: Politopoulos Ioannis 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this paper the question of possible adverse effects of damping in seismic isolation because of higher mode response is investigated by means of simple models with a few degrees of freedom (DOF). In particular the second mode response of a 2 DOF system is examined in detail for both viscous and hysteretic (e.g. friction or elastoplastic) damping devices. Qualitative and approximate quantitative estimates are obtained by neglecting the influence of the modal coupling terms, due to viscous damping or friction forces, on the first mode response. It is shown that additional viscous damping has a diminishing effect on base displacement, storey shear force and floor spectra values in the vicinity of the first mode resonance. However, a significant amplification of the floor spectra values near the higher mode frequencies may occur. In accordance with the results of previous works, compared with the viscous damping case, hysteretic damping amplifies moderately the first storey shear force and significantly the upper storeys shear force. It also results, in a much more pronounced amplification of the floor spectral values than viscous damping, in the vicinity of the higher eigenfrequencies. However, the higher modes' response is milder if a realistic velocity dependence of the friction coefficient is taken into account. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of algebraic singularities on the voltage dynamics of differential‐algebraic power system model
Authors: Ayasun Saffet 
Published: October 2007

AbstractVoltage stability analysis of differential‐algebraic equation (DAE) power system model is more complicated than for systems described by ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In addition to unstable equilibria, algebraic singularity plays a crucial role in assessing the voltage stability. This paper explores the algebraic structure and singularities of the DAE model to investigate its influence on the voltage stability. Singular points are identified at various load levels and are illustrated together with the equilibria using nose curves. Then, at a given load level, the constraint manifold is decomposed into the voltage casual regions and singular points connecting them. Time‐domain simulations initiated in the vicinity of singular points are performed to determine how singular points affect system dynamics. It is shown that depending on the relative location of initial points with respect to singular points, trajectories of bus voltages may settle to an infeasible low voltage stable equilibrium point, which may cause a further disturbance in the system leading a voltage stability problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioural and psychological symptoms are not related to white matter hyperintensities and medial temporal lobe atrophy in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Staekenborg Salka S. , Gillissen Freek , Romkes Rolinka , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Barkhof Frederik , Scheltens Philip , van der Flier Wiesje M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe neuropathology of behavioural and psychological symptoms is much less understood than the neuropathology of cognitive impairment in AD. On MRI, medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) is presumed to reflect Alzheimer‐ type pathology. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are considered markers of vascular pathology.AimWe investigated differences in prevalence of behavioural and psychological symptoms in AD according to the presence of MTA and WMH on MRI.MethodsBehavioural and psychological symptoms of 111 consecutive AD patients were assessed using the Neuropsychatric Inventory (NPI). Symptoms were considered present when the score was ≥1. On MRI, MTA was rated using the five‐point Scheltens‐scale and WMH using the four‐point Fazekas‐scale. Both MRI measures were dichotomised (MTA: absent 0/1, present 2–4; WMH absent 0/1, present 2/3).ResultsOf the 111 AD patients, 60(55%) had MTA, and 32(29%) had WMH. The presence of MTA was associated with the presence of WMH (χ
2 = 11.8, p < 0.001). The prevalence of behavioural and psychological symptoms––defined as a NPI score of ≥1 on at least one symptom––was 74%.The median NPI score of the total study population was 6(0–41). There was no difference in prevalence according to MTA (p = 0.53) or WMH (p = 0.18). On inspection of individual NPI items, neither MTA, nor WMH was related to any of the symptoms.ConclusionsThere were no differences in prevalence of behavioural and psychological symptoms according to MTA or WMH, as rated on MRI. This suggests that the occurrence of those symptoms depends on other determinants, such as coping style or genetic make‐up. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geoelectrical exploration for groundwater in Al Maha Forest, Ain Jouhra, Morocco
Authors: Toto El Arbi , Kerrouri Chakib , Zouhri Lahcen , Basri Mohamed El , Ibenbrahim Aomar , Mohamad Hafid , Benammi Mohamed 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn area of about 30 km2 located in Ain Jouhra, south of Rabat, Morocco, was the subject of a geoelectric resistivity investigation. The main goal of the investigation was the assessment of the groundwater potential of the uppermost aquifer. The aquifer conditions such as depth, thickness and boundaries were also investigated. The obtained apparent resistivity curves were first analysed qualitatively and classified using simple curve shapes. Thereafter, the data were converted to resistivity and thickness pairs semi‐quantitatively by means of master curves and then quantitatively by computer modelling using ATO and Winsev software (Zohdy, 1989; Zohdy and Bisdrof, 1989). Lithological control from the available single well with a stratigraphic log aided in the correlation of the resistivity values to different rock units. Three different AB‐spacing iso‐resistivity maps, an isopach map of the main groundwater‐bearing horizon, the depth to the aquifer substratum map and five geoelectric cross‐sections were constructed.The interpretation of these soundings indicates the presence of an unconfined to semi‐confined sandy aquifer with relatively important extent and varying thickness. The maximal thickness of the aquifer is recorded in the central part of the investigated area and is thinning southwards to pinch out farther to the south. Geophysical as well as field data indicate a hydraulic connection between the upper and deeper aquifers. Indeed, the two aquifers are separated from each other by a marly substratum that is indicated throughout the area by the lowest values of the interpreted true resistivity. The value of this resistivity varies laterally, most likely due to the lateral variation in the shale‐to‐sand ratio. The altitude of the substratum decreases towards the north, and increases southwards.Regarding the availability of the groundwater in the study area, zones with high potential are theoretically expected to occur in the central part where the transversal resistance is greatest. However, sufficient water supply and high flow rates from wells intended to produce restrictively from the most upper aquifer are not likely to exist. This conclusion, which seems to be very pessimistic, is evidenced from two real field and experimental observations. The first is the rapid fall of the level of Gharnoug lake, despite the ongoing feeding by three wells. Hence, the amount of water level drop cannot be accounted for by the evaporation alone. That means that the deeper aquifer is continuously draining the upper aquifer at a high flow rate. Very low rates are recorded in all the wells that penetrated only the upper aquifer, the exception being the well that reached deeper into the lower aquifer. The flow rate in this lower aquifer measured 18 litre s−1. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of indices for drought characterization in KBK districts in Orissa (India)
Authors: Pandey R. P. , Dash B. B. , Mishra S. K. , Singh Ranvir 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDrought is a temporary, random and regional climatic phenomenon, originating due to lack of precipitation leading to water deficit and causing economic loss. Success in drought alleviation depends on how well droughts are defined and their severity quantified. A quantitative definition identifies the beginning, end, spatial extent and the severity of drought. Among the available indices, no single index is capable of fully describing all the physical characteristics of drought. Therefore, in most cases it is useful and necessary to consider several indices, examine their sensitivity and accuracy, and investigate for correlation among them. In this study, the geographical information system‐based Spatial and Time Series Information Modeling (SPATSIM) and Daily Water Resources Assessment Modeling (DWRAM) software were used for drought analysis on monthly and daily bases respectively and its spatial distribution in both dry and wet years. SPATSIM utilizes standardized precipitation index (SPI), effective drought index (EDI), deciles index and departure from long‐term mean and median; and DWRAM employs only EDI. The analysis of data from the Kalahandi and Nuapada districts of Orissa (India) revealed that (a) droughts in this region occurred with a frequency of once in every 3 to 4 years, (b) droughts occurred in the year when the ratio of annual rainfall to potential evapotranspiration (Pae/PET) was less than 0·6, (c) EDI better represented the droughts in the area than any other index; (d) all SPI, EDI and annual deviation from the mean showed a similar trend of drought severity. The comparison of all indices and results of analysis led to several useful and pragmatic inferences in understanding the drought attributes of the study area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors controlling stable oxygen, hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios in regional groundwater of the eastern United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Authors: Murad Ahmed A. , Krishnamurthy R. V. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIncreasing groundwater salinity and depletion of the aquifers are major concerns in the UAE. Isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon concentrations in groundwater were used to estimate evaporation loss using the isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen, and using a carbon isotope to trace inorganic carbon cycling in two main aquifers in the eastern part of the United Arab Emirates.The δD‐δ18O of groundwater samples plotted on a line given by: δD = 4 δ18O + 4 ·4 (r2 = 0·4). In comparison, the local meteoric water line (LMWL) has been defined by the line: δD = 8 δ18O + 15. In order to better understand the system investigated, samples were separated into two groups based on the δD‐δ18O relationship. These are (1) samples that plot above the LMWL (δD = 6·1 δ18O + 12·4, r2 = 0·8) and which are located predominantly in the north of the study area, and (2) samples that plot below the LMWL (δD = 5·6 δ18O + 6·2, r2 = 0·8) and which are mostly distributed in the south. Slopes for both the groups are similar and lower than that for LMWL indicating potential evaporation of recharging water. However, the y‐intercept, which differs between the two groups, suggests evaporation of return flow and evapotranspiration in the unsaturated zone to be more significant in the south. This is attributed to intense agricultural activities in the region.Samples from the eastern Gravel Plain aquifer have δ13C and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) values in the range from − 10 to 17‰, and 12–100 mg C/l, respectively, while the range for those from the Ophiolite aquifer is from − 11 to − 16.4‰, and 16–114 mg C/l respectively. This suggests the control of C‐3 and C‐4 plants on DIC formation, an observation supported by the range δ13C of soil organic matter (from − 18·5 to − 22·1‰.) Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of beta globin genes
Authors: Mahajan Milind C. , Karmakar Subhradip , Weissman Sherman M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe developmental changes in expression of the beta like genes from embryonic to adult stages of human life are controlled at least partially at the level of the promoter sequences of these genes and their binding factors, and competition for promoter specific interactions with the locus control region (LCR). In recent years, the control of beta globin genes has also been investigated at the level of chromatin structure involving the chemical modification of histones and their remodelling by DNA dependent ATPases (SMARCA) containing protein complexes. The role of intergenic RNA is also being investigated with renewed interest. Although a wealth of information on the structure/function relationship of the LCR and globin promoters has been gathered over more than two decades, the fundamental nature of the control of these genes at the molecular level is still not completely understood. In the following pages, we intend to briefly describe the progress made in the field and discuss future directions. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 801–810, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.