bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tight coupling between leaf δ13C and N content along leaf ageing in the N2‐fixing legume tree black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)
Authors: Ren Wei , Tian Lide , Querejeta José Ignacio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractN2‐fixing legumes can strongly affect ecosystem functions by supplying nitrogen (N) and improving the carbon‐fixing capacity of vegetation. Still, the question of how their leaf‐level N status and carbon metabolism are coordinated along leaf ageing remains unexplored. Leaf tissue carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) provides a useful indicator of time‐integrated intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi). Here, we quantified the seasonal changes of leaf δ13C, N content on a mass and area basis (Nmass, Narea, respectively), Δ18O (leaf 18O enrichment above source water, a proxy of time‐integrated stomatal conductance) and morphological traits in an emblematic N2‐fixing legume tree, the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), at a subtropical site in Southwest China. We also measured xylem, soil and rainwater isotopes (δ18O, δ2H) to characterize tree water uptake patterns. Xylem water isotopic data reveal that black locust primarily used shallow soil water in this humid habitat. Black locust exhibited a decreasing δ13C along leaf ageing, which was largely driven by decreasing leaf Nmass, despite roughly constant Narea. In contrast, the decreasing δ13C along leaf ageing was largely uncoupled from parallel increases in Δ18O and leaf thickness. Leaf N content is used as a proxy of leaf photosynthetic capacity; thus, it plays a key role in determining the seasonality in δ13C, whereas the roles of stomatal conductance and leaf morphology are minor. Black locust leaves can effectively adjust to changing environmental conditions along leaf ageing through LMA increases and moderate stomatal conductance reduction while maintaining constant Narea to optimize photosynthesis and carbon assimilation, despite declining leaf Nmass and δ13C.
The oral health‐related quality of life of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Authors: Khawer Mohammad Saad , Da Silva Keith 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionA child's oral health impacts their development and quality of life. Children who live with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) face barriers to dental care combined with poorer oral health outcomes. However, how this affects their oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the OHRQoL of children living with FASD.MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey used the Child Oral Health Impact Profile‐Short Form‐19 (COHIP‐SF‐19) to evaluate the OHRQoL quality of life of children (aged 8 to 15) living with FASD, compared to healthy controls.ResultsA total of 332 children (or their caregivers) completed the survey. The survey results showed that children living with FASD reported significantly more untreated dental conditions. The majority of children in the control group experienced a low impact across the majority of COHIP‐SF‐19 domains. However, children living with FASD experienced significantly higher impact scores related to oral health, functional well‐being, and social‐emotional well‐being.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that children who live with FASD have a poorer OHRQoL. Overall, more investigation is necessary to identify the best ways to improve the OHRQoL of children living with FASD.
Review of advanced practice nurse role in infection throughout the hematopoietic stem cell transplant journey
Authors: Gilsenan Maddie , Van Der Linde Sam , Hill Geoff , Lambros Belinda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundProlonged periods of immunosuppression during hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) can result in serious infectious complications and contribute to transplant‐related morbidity and mortality. Adherence to standardized pre and postinfection screening guidelines, prescribed medications, and early identification of infectious symptoms through comprehensive patient and family education are crucial to minimizing infectious complications. Advanced practice nurses (APNs) are key members of the multidisciplinary care team in the HSCT specialty, maintaining a specialized skillset and scope of practice which includes a holistic based, preventative medicine and risk mitigation approach.MethodsThis review sought to describe the role of the APN in HSCT care and to further examine existing APN led models of care which focus on infection prevention and education throughout the HSCT treatment journey.ResultsNo studies specifically examined the APN role in infectious diseases risk assessment, screening, and management throughout the HSCT journey were identified throughout our review, however, there was considerable evidence to demonstrate the benefits of APN led care in the oncology and solid organ transplantation specialty which led to improvements in continuity of care, overall patient outcomes, and multidisciplinary team collaboration.The key themes identified in our review, were the role of the APN in the delivery of comprehensive patient and family education, the role of the APN in supporting, mentoring, and educating junior medical and nursing teams, the collaboration between the APN and the multidisciplinary care team, and the role of the APN in prompt recognition, triage, and management of treatment related complications, such as infection.
Zeros of modular forms and Faber polynomials
Authors: Rudnick Zeév 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study the zeros of cusp forms of large weight for the modular group, which have a very large order of vanishing at infinity, so that they have a fixed number of finite zeros in the fundamental domain. We show that for large weight the zeros of these forms cluster near vertical lines, with the zeros of a weight form lying at height approximately . This is in contrast to previously known cases, such as Eisenstein series, where the zeros lie on the circular part of the boundary of the fundamental domain, or the case of cuspidal Hecke eigenforms where the zeros are uniformly distributed in the fundamental domain. Our method uses the Faber polynomials. We show that for our class of cusp forms, the associated Faber polynomials, suitably renormalized, converge to the truncated exponential polynomial of degree .
Physical inactivity causes exercise resistance of fat metabolism: harbinger or culprit of disease?
Authors: Coyle Edward F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhysical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of death in the world. It is associated with myriad diseases and premature death. Two possible contributing factors are postprandial lipidaemia (PPL), which accelerates atherosclerosis, and impaired whole‐body fat oxidation, which contributes to obesity. Acute exercise in physically active people is effective for increasing whole body fat oxidation and lowering PPL the next morning. However, in people who have low physical activity (<8000 steps/day), an acute bout of exercise (1 h at 62% maximal oxygen consumption) has no effect on increasing fat oxidation or reducing PPL (‘exercise resistance’). The acute harms of inactivity are not due to the lack of exercise and are more powerful than the benefits of exercise, at least regarding fat metabolism. The increase in mortality with reduced daily steps is remarkably steep. Low background steps/day also impair the metabolic adaptations to short‐term endurance training, suggesting that the ills of inactivity extend beyond fat metabolism. ‘Exercise resistance’ with inactivity could be a culprit, causing atherosclerosis, or maybe also a harbinger (impaired fat oxidation) of more widespread diseases. Recommendations regarding the amount of moderate to vigorous exercise needed for health should factor in the amount of background activity (i.e. ∼8000 steps/day) necessary to avoid ‘exercise resistance’.
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Determination of Dynamic Characteristics of Lattice Structure Using Dynamic Mode Decomposition
Authors: Savoeurn Nary , Janya-Anurak Chettapong , Uthaisangsuk Vitoon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this work, dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) was applied as an algorithm for determining the natural frequency and damping ratio of viscoelastic lattice structures. The algorithm has been developed based on the Hankel alternative view of Koopman (HAVOK) and DMD . In general, the Hankel matrix is based on time-delay embedding, which is meant for the hidden variable in a time-series data. Vibration properties of a system could be then estimated from the eigenvalues of the approximated Koopman operator. Results of the proposed algorithm were firstly validated with those of the traditional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) approach and half-power bandwidth (HPBW) by using an analytical dataset of multi-modal spring-mass-damper system. Afterward, the algorithm was further used to analyze dynamic responses of viscoelastic lattice structures, in which data from both experimental and numerical finite element (FE) model were considered. It was found that the DMD-based algorithm could accurately estimate the natural frequencies and damping ratios of the examined structures. In particular, it is beneficial to any dataset with limited amounts of data, whereby experiments or data gathering processes are expensive.
Investigation of Gear Meshing Vibration and Meshing Impact Resonance Intensity Assessment
Authors: Tang Ning , Huang Xinyu , Huang Yuanyuan , Tong Shuiguang , Cong Feiyun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gear drive is one of the most widely used transmission forms. Its vibration analysis plays an important role in design and operation. Considering the gear meshing resonance phenomenon (MRP), the paper analyzes the influences of rotating speed and load on meshing resonance intensity (MRI). Based on the gear meshing impact mechanism, meshing force variation during the engagement process were obtained. It was considered as meshing impacts exerted on the gear system. By comparing the maximum meshing force under different circumstances, it was found that rotating speeds and loads were positively related to meshing forces. The vibration signals with different load torques and rotating speeds obtained from the gear pair were analyzed. The experiment results showed that the intensity of meshing impact increased with the increases of both rotating speed and load. It was also observed that due to the MRP, the gear meshing frequency was modulated to the resonance frequency band as meshing impacts. Consequently, the resonance frequency band contained most of the energy of the meshing impact. An indicator called resonance energy ratio (RER) was defined to represent the proportion of resonance energy due to meshing impact. The simulation and experiment result show that the proposed RER indicator can well assess the intensity of the vibration. By comparing the RER values of 20 sets of gear vibration data, the influences of rotating speed and load on MRI were discussed. The result shows that the proposed method is helpful to the vibration assessment and condition monitoring in different operational states.
Legal Issues of Fusion Technologies
Authors: Aksenova Nataliia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive regulatory framework for fusion must consider the unique characteristics and challenges of fusion technology, including safety, environmental protection, waste management, export/import control, and nuclear liability. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has established safety standards and guidelines related to fusion, but more needs to be done to address the gaps in the existing legal frameworks. The article emphasizes the need for clear and predictable regulations to provide confidence for investors and promote the research, development, and deployment of this promising technology. Although significant progress has been made in recent years, commercial fusion power is still likely many years away from being a reality, but a legal framework is essential for its eventual success.
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in primary human nasal cultures demonstrates Delta as most cytopathic and Omicron as fastest replicating
Authors: Tanneti Nikhila S. , Patel Anant K. , Tan Li Hui , Marques Andrew D. , Perera Ranawaka A. P. M. , Sherrill-Mix Scott , Kelly Brendan J. , Renner David M. , Collman Ronald G. , Rodino Kyle , Lee Carole , Bushman Frederic D. , Cohen Noam A. , Weiss Susan R. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was marked with emerging viral variants, some of which were designated as variants of concern (VOCs) due to selection and rapid circulation in the human population. Here, we elucidate functional features of each VOC linked to variations in replication rate. Patient-derived primary nasal cultures grown at air-liquid interface were used to model upper respiratory infection and compared to cell lines derived from human lung epithelia. All VOCs replicated to higher titers than the ancestral virus, suggesting a selection for replication efficiency. In primary nasal cultures, Omicron replicated to the highest titers at early time points, followed by Delta, paralleling comparative studies of population sampling. All SARS-CoV-2 viruses entered the cell primarily via a transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2)-dependent pathway, and Omicron was more likely to use an endosomal route of entry. All VOCs activated and overcame dsRNA-induced cellular responses, including interferon (IFN) signaling, oligoadenylate ribonuclease L degradation, and protein kinase R activation. Among the VOCs, Omicron infection induced expression of the most IFN and IFN-stimulated genes. Infections in nasal cultures resulted in cellular damage, including a compromise of cell barrier integrity and loss of nasal cilia and ciliary beating function, especially during Delta infection. Overall, Omicron was optimized for replication in the upper respiratory tract and least favorable in the lower respiratory cell line, and Delta was the most cytopathic for both upper and lower respiratory cells. Our findings highlight the functional differences among VOCs at the cellular level and imply distinct mechanisms of pathogenesis in infected individuals.IMPORTANCEComparative analysis of infections by SARS-CoV-2 ancestral virus and variants of concern, including Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron, indicated that variants were selected for efficiency in replication. In infections of patient-derived primary nasal cultures grown at air-liquid interface to model upper respiratory infection, Omicron reached the highest titers at early time points, a finding that was confirmed by parallel population sampling studies. While all infections overcame dsRNA-mediated host responses, infections with Omicron induced the strongest interferon and interferon-stimulated gene response. In both primary nasal cultures and lower respiratory cell line, infections by Delta were most damaging to the cells as indicated by syncytia formation, loss of cell barrier integrity, and nasal ciliary function.
Complete genome sequence of
Thermaerobacter composti
strain Ins1, a spore-forming filamentous bacterium isolated from a deep geothermal reservoir
Authors: Bregnard Danae , Gonzalez Diego , Di Francesco Eva , Mangia Naïma , Regenspurg Simona , Junier Pilar 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of
Thermaerobacter composti
strain Ins1, a gram-positive filamentous spore-forming bacterium, isolated from deep geothermal fluids used for electricity production. This is the first complete (circular) genome assigned to the species
Thermaerobacter composti
.
Factors associated with acute respiratory infection and healthcare-seeking behaviour among primary caregivers in Bangladesh: a study based on MICS 2019
Authors: Al Fidah Md Fuad , Nabin Ali Amin , Efa Syeda Sumaiya 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionMore than 80% of deaths due to preventable and treatable causes among under 5 (U5) children occur in the sub-Saharan Africa and the South-Asia, pneumonia remains one of the most common such causes. Bangladesh has demonstrated success in achieving the Millennium Development Goals, particularly in relation to target 4. Nevertheless, the country is still among the 10 countries with the highest number of deaths among U5 children in 2019. The current study aimed to identify factors associated with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and the care-seeking behaviour of the children’s care takes in Bangladesh.MethodsThe cross-sectional study used data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Bangladesh (2019) . U5 children were included in the analysis (n=22 779). A p<0.05 as considered statistically.ResultsThe prevalence of ARI in the past 2 weeks of survey was 2.03%. It was found that age of the child (in months), sex, residence, division, stunting, age of the mother and age of the father had statistically significant association (p<0.05). The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of ARI were lower among older children aged 24–59 months (AOR 0.53; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.64; p<0.001), female (AOR 0.68; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.83; p<0.001) and children with father aged ≥25 years (AOR 0.61; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.88; p=0.008) and higher (AOR 1.31; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.61; p=0.010) among children with stunting. Among the children with ARI, 16.63% primary caregivers did not seek any treatment. Most of the children with ARI (65.01%) were treated with antibiotics.ConclusionsThe prevalence of ARI was low. However, still a significant proportion of primary caregivers of U5 children with ARI fail to seek healthcare. The proportion of U5 children who are treated with antibiotics requires attention. Focus should be on younger fathers for promoting healthcare-seeking and good feeding practice to reduce malnutrition.
Robust positive association between serum urate and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: hospital-based cohort and Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Rao Boqi , Xie Dongming , Deng Yibin , Ye Junyi , Zeng Xiaobin , Lin Ao , Chen Jinbin , Huang Dongsheng , Xie Chenli , Chen Cuiyi , Luo Yixuan , Lu Xiaoxiao , Wang Xinhua , Lu Jiachun 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hyperuricaemia are both characterised by systemic inflammation. Preventing chronic diseases among the population with common metabolic abnormality is an effective strategy. However, the association of hyperuricaemia with the higher incidence and risk of COPD remains controversial. Therefore, replicated researches in populations with distinct characteristics or demographics are compellingly warranted.MethodsThis cohort study adopted a design of ambispective hospital-based cohort. We used propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to minimise the effects of potential confounding factors. A Cox regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were applied further to assess the effect of serum urate on the risk of developing COPD. Finally, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to explore evidence of causal association.ResultsThere is a higher incidence in the population with hyperuricaemia compared with the population with normal serum urate (22.29/1000 person-years vs 8.89/1000 person-years, p=0.009). This result is robust after performing PSM (p=0.013) and IPTW (p<0.001). The Cox model confirms that hyperuricaemia is associated with higher risk of developing COPD (adjusted HR=3.35 and 95% CI=1.61 to 6.96). Moreover, RCS shows that the risk of developing COPD rapidly increases with the concentration of serum urate when it is higher than the reference (420 µmol/L). Finally, in MR analysis, the inverse variance weighted method evidences that a significant causal effect of serum urate on COPD (OR=1.153, 95% CI=1.034 to 1.289) is likely to be true. The finding of MR is robust in the repeated analysis using different methods and sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsOur study provides convincing evidence suggesting a robust positive association between serum urate and the risk of developing COPD, and indicates that the population with hyperuricaemia is at high risk of COPD in the Chinese population who seek medical advice or treatment in the hospital.
Non-chaotic dynamics for Yang–Baxter deformed $$\text {AdS}_{4}\times \text {CP}^{3}$$ superstrings
Authors: Pal Jitendra , Rathi Hemant , Lala Arindam , Roychowdhury Dibakar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe explore a novel class of Yang–Baxter deformed $$\hbox {AdS}_{4} \times \hbox {CP}^{3}$$

AdS
4

×

CP
3

backgrounds (J High Energy Phys 01:056, 2021) which exhibit a non-chaotic dynamics for (super)strings propagating over it. We explicitly use the Kovacic’s algorithm in order to establish non-chaotic dynamics of string $$\sigma $$
σ
models over these deformed backgrounds. This analysis is complemented with numerical techniques whereby we probe the classical phase space of these (semi)classical strings and calculate various chaos indicators, such as, the Poincaré sections and the Lyapunov exponents. We find compatibility between the two approaches. Nevertheless, our analysis does not ensure integrability; rather, it excludes the possibility of non-integrability for the given string embeddings.
Hybrid protocols for multi-party semiquantum private comparison, multiplication and summation without a pre-shared key based on d-dimensional single-particle states
Authors: Lian Jiang-Yuan , Ye Tian-Yu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, by utilizing d-dimensional single-particle states, three semiquantum cryptography protocols, i.e., the multi-party semiquantum private comparison (MSQPC) protocol, the multi-party semiquantum multiplication (MSQM) protocol and the multi-party semiquantum summation (MSQS) protocol, can be achieved simultaneously under the assistance of two semi-honest quantum third parties (TPs). Here, the proposed MSQPC scheme is the only protocol which is devoted to judging the size relationship of secret integers from more than two semiquantum participants without a pre-shared key. And the proposed MSQM protocol absorbs the innovative concept of semiquantumness into quantum multiplication for the first time, which can calculate the modulo d multiplication of private inputs from more than two semiquantum users. As for the proposed MSQS protocol, it is the only semiquantum summation protocol which aims to accomplish the modulo d addition of more than three semiquantum users’ private integers. Neither quantum entanglement swapping nor unitary operations are necessary in the three proposed protocols. The security analysis verifies in detail that both the external attacks and the internal attacks can be resisted in the three proposed protocols.