bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow‐up of Children after Fetal Treatment for Obstructive Uropathy
Authors: Shimada Kenji , Hosokawa Shozo , Tohda Akira , Matsumoto Fumi , Suzuki Mari , Morimoto Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2007

Background: Improvement in the ability to evaluate fetuses with obstructive uropathy, combined with technologic advances, has allowed successful fetal treatment of these conditions in Japan. We analyzed the prenatal and postnatal clinical courses of patients who underwent shunt placement in utero. Methods: We treated 6 patients who underwent fetal intervention and were transferred to us for urologic management. Gestational age at detection of abnormalities ranged from 11 weeks to 31 weeks, and fetal intervention was done between 16 weeks and 32 weeks. Excluding 1 infant who was delivered 6 days after the intervention, the mean period between shunt placement and delivery was 17 weeks. Results: Urologic pathology included prune belly syndrome with urethral hypoplasia in 3 patients, cloacal anomaly in 1, posterior urethral valves in 1, and pelviureteric junction stenosis of a solitary kidney in 1. Four patients required ventilation support in the neonatal period, and 2 of them suffered frequent infections during follow‐up. Five patients who underwent vesico‐amniotic shunt placement continue to require clean intermittent catheterizations via vesicostomy because of hypoactive detrusors and hypoplastic urethras. After urologic treatment, serum creatinine in 5 patients reached a minimum of less than 0.4 mg/dL at some time during the first year of life. Another patient with a minimum creatinine level of 1.0 mg/dL has moderate renal insufficiency. Conclusion: From our series, it appears that early (before 20 weeks of gestation) shunt placement in severe lower urinary tract obstruction may benefit renal and pulmonary function. However, its efficacy in regard to bladder function remains questionable: shunt placement does not permit regular storage and evacuation, which may be essential for functional bladder development.
Alternate Occurrence of Allergic Disease and an Unusual Form of Interstitial Cystitis
Authors: Yamada Tetsuo , Murayama Tetsuo , Mita Haruhisa , Akiyama Kazuo , Taguchi Hirokazu 
Published: July 2007

Background: It has been postulated that interstitial cystitis can be induced by an allergy. This is partly based on the observation that many patients with interstitial cystitis also have allergic diseases. In this study, an allergic evaluation was conducted on patients with interstitial cystitis complicated by bronchial asthma, a typical allergic disease. Methods: Clinical histories were obtained and biopsy specimens from the vesical walls of the study patients were examined histologically. Cutaneous tests and IgE radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) were performed. Further, intravesical provocation tests were carried out using IgE RAST‐positive antigens, and histamine release assays were performed on the vesical biopsy specimens using anti‐lgE antibodies. Results: Five of 6 patients alternately exhibited symptoms of allergic disease and bladder symptoms. The eosinophil and mast cell counts in the vesical biopsy specimens of these 5 patients were increased. Furthermore, an intravesical provocation test performed using the IgE RAST‐positive antigen was positive in 4 patients. The mean vesical biopsy specimen histamine release was 1 7.7% for patients with interstitial cystitis with bronchial asthma which was significantly higher than that for interstitial cystitis patients without bronchial asthma (8.9%) or the control group (4.5%). The prognosis of patients with interstitial cystitis with allergic complications was relatively good. Conclusion: Patients with bronchial asthma exhibited hypersensitivity both generally and locally in the bladder. The alternation phenomenon was observed between the hypersensitive organs.
Urologic Morbidity and Its Influence on Global Satisfaction with Treatment Outcome after Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Homma Yukio , Kawabe Kazuki , Hayashi Kunihiko 
Published: July 2007

Background: This cross‐sectional observational study examined urologic morbidity and its effects on Japanese patients' global satisfaction with their treatment outcome. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to 44 men who had undergone radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer at a mean age of 65.5 years and were free from recurrent symptoms at a mean follow‐up of 3.3 years. Most (70%) had pathologic stage C or Dl disease and many (86%) had received adjuvant endocrine therapy. After reporting urinary symptoms, the patients estimated their overall urinary, sexual, physical, psychological, and social functioning, and global satisfaction level with their treatment outcome. Regression analysis was performed to detect significant factors in predicting overall urinary conditions or satisfaction. Results: Daily urinary leakage and forceless urinary stream was noted in 30% and 23% of patients, respectively. Overall urinary conditions were evaluated as good or very good in 61 % of patients, and were most significantly associated with the patient's satisfaction with their force of urinary flow (P< 0.001). Global satisfaction with treatment outcome was estimated as good or very good in 80% of patients, and it was predicted by physical functions (P = 0.01 3) and psychological distress (P = 0.036), and to a lesser extent by urinary conditions (P = 0.1 95). Conclusion: A forceless urinary stream was the most significant determinant for overall urinary conditions in patients who had a radical prostatectomy. Global satisfaction with treatment outcome was only marginally affected by urinary conditions. PhysicaUunction and psychological distress were major factors affecting the satisfaction level in this population.
Assessment of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Expression and Prognosis in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma with Pulmonary Metastases
Authors: Gotoh Akinobu , Hanioka Keisuke , Shirakawa Toshiro , Wada Yoshitaka , Gohji Kazuo , Okada Hiroshi , Arakawa Soichi , Kamidono Sadao 
Published: July 2007

Background: The presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) has been suggested as a more important prognostic marker than either grade or mitotic in the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma. We assessed the immunoreactivity of PCNA in primary lesions and pulmonary metastases from patietns with renal cell carcinoma and correlated the results with various histopathologic features and prognostic factors. Methods: We studied the relationship between PCNA expression and clinical prognostic factors from resected primary lesions and pulmonary metastases from 10 patients and primary lesions from 32 patients with renal cell carcinoma without metastases. The cells were immunohistochemically stained with PCNA monoclonal antibody (PC‐10) and 1000 nuclei were counted. The results were expressed as a ratio of stained to total cells (PCNA labeling index, LI |X%). Results: The PCNA LI of pulmonary metastatic nuclei was significantly higher than the PCNA LI of renal lesions either from patients with (P < 0.05) or without (P < 0.01) metastases. Also, the mean PCNA LI of the pulmonary lesions in patients dying within 3 years of diagnosis was higher than the mean PCNA LI of patients surviving greater than 3 years. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the PCNA LI, which was determined by immunohistochemical analysis, is an important market reflecting the biologic behavior of renal cell carcinomas. The degree of PCNA expression in this study was of prognostic significance.
Regulation of lnvasive Potential of Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines by Hepatocyte Growth Factor
Authors: Nishimura Kenji , Kitamura Masaya , Takada Shingo , Nonomura Norio , Tsujimura Akira , Matsumiya Kiyomi , Miki Tsuneharu , Matsumoto Kunio , Okuyama Akihiko 
Published: July 2007

Background: The growth and progression of prostate cancer depends on the stromal‐epithelial interaction which is under paracrine control. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), produced by mesenchymal cells, is a multifunctional growth factor stimulating the movement and growth of epithelial cells including cancer cells. We therefore assessed the relationship between the invasive potential of prostate cancer and HGF in vitro. Methods: Three human prostate cancer cell lines were used including PC‐3 and DU145 (androgenindependent), and LNCaP (androgen‐dependent). We studied the expression of the HCF receptor c‐met proto‐oncogene (c‐met) by Western blotanalysis, and alsodetermined theeffectsof HGF on cell scattering, and the mechanisms of invasion and proliferation, by microscopic observation, the matrigel invasion chamber assay, and the MTT assay. Results: c‐met was detected in PC‐3 and DU145 cells, but not in the LNCaP cells. There was increased cell motility in the scatter assay and an increased cell invasive potential in the matrigel invasion chamber assay by stimulation with HGF only with DU145 cells. Conclusion: HGF plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of the DU145 cell line through a paracrine mechanism mediated by the c‐metreceptor. In the PC‐3 cell line, the lack of downstream signal transduction after the c‐met receptor is suggested.
Using a two‐tier test to assess students' understanding and alternative conceptions of cyber copyright laws
Authors: Chou Chien , Chan Pei‐Shan , Wu Huan‐Chueh 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore students' understanding of cyber copyright laws. This study developed a two‐tier test with 10 two‐level multiple‐choice questions. The first tier presented a real‐case scenario and asked whether the conduct was acceptable whereas the second‐tier provided reasons to justify the conduct. Students in Taiwan (123 college students and 121 high school students) were selected to answer these questions. The results indicated that 66.16% correctly answered the first‐tier questions, but only 36.84% students correctly chose the second‐tier reasons. The researchers found that college students had significantly higher scores on both tiers than did high school students, but gender made no difference between the two groups. Three alternative conceptions that students have regarding cyber copyright laws were concluded from this study: (1) the Internet content is entirely open for the public to use; (2) the Internet is always free; and (3) all educational use is fair use. Implications of these results for college and high school courses and future research directions are discussed.
Ancient conserved domain protein‐1 binds copper and modifies its retention in cells
Authors: Alderton Alexandra , Davies Paul , Illman Katie , Brown David R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe ancient conserved domain protein (ACDP) family are a recently identified group of homologous mammalian proteins. Some family members have been suggested to have roles in the metabolism of metals. We investigated the capacity of ACDP‐1 to bind metals. Using immobilised metal affinity chromatography and isothermal titration calorimetry we determined that ACDP‐1 is a high affinity copper binding protein able to bind copper at nanomolar concentrations. In addition the promoter of ACDP‐1 contains metal response elements and the cellular expression of ACDP‐1 alters cellular retention of copper. However, cellular expression of ACDP‐1 does not alter cellular resistance to the toxicity of copper or other metals. As our findings place the subcellular localisation of ACDP‐1 in the cytoplasm it is possible that ACDP‐1 represent a novel copper chaperone or storage protein.
Effects on soil and paddy–wheat crops irrigated with waters containing residual alkalinity
Authors: Minhas P. S. , Dubey S. K. , Sharma D. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDegradation of soils by irrigation with ground waters containing residual alkalinity poses a major threat to agriculture in semi‐arid regions, particularly in South Asia. However, there is a lack of indices to define the soil degradation and crop performance under a monsoon climate. Therefore, an experiment was conducted during 2000–2004 to determine the responses of paddy rice and wheat crops in rotation to irrigation with alkaline waters (AW) having similar salinity (electrolyte concentration 30 me L−1) but varying ionic constituents (sodium adsorption ratio irrigation water, SARiw 10 and 25; adjusted sodium adsorption ratio, adj.RNa 13.6 and 29.2; residual sodium carbonate, RSC 5 and 10 me L−1 and Cl:SO4 4:1 and 1:4, respectively). The concentration factors, ECe/ECiw (ratio of electrical conductivity of soil's saturation paste extract to that of the irrigation water) were between 1.1 and 1.8 for soils deprived of rainfall, whereas it was almost 1 for soils not sheltered from rain. Similarly, saturation paste extract, SARe, was between 1.6 and 2.0 times SARiw and 2.0–2.3 times SARiw with and without rainfall, and the exchangeable sodium per cent (ESP) 1.0–1.8 times SARiw. Yields of paddy relative to yields of crops irrigated with good‐quality water, averaged 56–74% during the period 2000–2004 compared with 81–88% for wheat, indicating the greater sensitivity of rice to irrigation with AW. Elevated levels of sulphate rather than chloride in the irrigation water lessened the impacts of the residual alkalinity. Production functions showed that the sodicity (ESP) did not solely explain the variation in crop yields because the salinity stress simultaneously inhibited growth. None of the sodicity indices (RSC, SAR and adj.RNa) adequately defined the relative impacts of AW, although residual alkalinity (RSC) was a better indicator than either of the other two. The monsoon rains played an important role in alleviating the effects of residual alkalinity. Data presented here should support the development of more reliable criteria for the assessment of sodicity/salinity hazards from AW in semi‐arid regions.
Evaluation of the Nonin 8600V Veterinary Pulse Oximeter in Anesthetized Horses
Authors: Martinez Elizaebeth A. , Carroll Gwendolyn L. , Hartsfield Sandee M. 
Published: July 2007

SummarySpO2values from the Nonin 8600V veterinary pulse oximeter, using a lingual clip‐type, transmittance sensor applied to the tongue, were compared to directly‐measured SaO2values from a co‐oximeter, calibrated for equine blood, in 5 halothane‐anesthetized horse. Normocapnia was maintained with controlled ventilartion. The inspired oxygen concentration was varied by mixing nitrogen in oxygen to obtain SpO2readings of approximately 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 92, and 100%. At the time of each SpO2recording, an arterial blood sample was collected for immediate analysis of SaO2. A total of sixty paired measurements were made. The results showed excellent data correlation with a bias (precision) of 0.55 (2.57) and an R‐value of 0.98 over the entire SaO2range tested. Based on these findings, the Nonin 8600V veterinary pulse oximeter, with the lingual sensor, performed accurately and reliably, and appears to be suitable for clinical use in anesthetized horses. (Vet Emerg & Crit Care, 1999: 13–18)
One Hundred Twenty Recurrences of Herpes Simplex Virus in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Rashid Rashid M. , Swan James 
Published: July 2007

A 60‐year‐old woman presented to our clinic with a complaint of a dermatitis that had recurred 2 or 3 times a month for the past 5 years. No trigger episode or obvious pattern of recurrence was noted. She reported some itching or burning as a prodromal symptom. Recurrence has been at multiple sites, in a dermatome pattern, including areas around the arm, face, back, abdomen, knees, and ears. Each occurrence is at a different anatomic site (and she only has lesions at this 1 site during each occurrence. For example, after formation and resolution at 1 site (ie, the right medial forearm) the patient will then have a later recurrence at another site (ie, the upper left part of the back). The patient has no complaints of fevers, chills, or adenopathy. Medical history includes type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Results of a basic laboratory screening at the time were all within normal limits. No other contributory history was noted. On examination, the medial arm just proximal to the elbow had clusters of vesicles (Figure). Viral culture performed on the lesion confirmed our suspicion of the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV). The patient was started on valacyclovir and asked to return if no improvement was noted. To date the patient has not returned to the clinic. Recurrent herpes simplex virus presenting as a cluster of vesicles on the medial aspect of the arm. image
Giant Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Fresini Antonio , Rossiello Luigi , Severino Beatrice Ulloa , Prete Marco Del , Satriano Rocco Alfredo 
Published: July 2007

A 72‐year‐old white man presented with a large cutaneous tumor on his back. The patient said the lesion, mostly asymptomatic, had increased in size for about 7 years. Physical examination revealed a vegetating mass (Figure 1), partially ulcerated, measuring 30 × 20 cm, which easily dripped serum and blood, with small necrotic areas and a sclerotic border. Perilesional skin appeared edematous, probably owing to inflammation and impaired lymphatic flow. Clinically, there was no evidence of lymph node involvement. His family history was noncontributory. Hematologic examination revealed hypochromic microcytic anemia. Laboratory test results showed hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia. The patient's history revealed mild hypertension, ischemic cardiopathy treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and anticoagulant drugs, and moderate chronic renal insufficiency. Histologic examination of a biopsy specimen taken from the margin of the lesion displayed a superficial area of ulceration and invasion of the deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissue (Figure 2A and Figure 2B). The tumor mostly showed an adenoid pattern: gland‐like structures and cystic spaces sometimes containing amorphous or granular material, surrounded by strands of basaloid cells devoid of any peripheral palisading (Figure 2C). In some areas, the adenoid pattern coexisted with infiltrated areas characterized by thin and elongated strands or cords of basaloid cells with irregular and jagged peripheral contours within a fibrous or edematous stroma (Figure 2D). Basaloid cells often revealed nuclear atypia, marked pleomorphism and hyperchromatism (Figure 2C and Figure 2D). Therefore, a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, adenoid subtype, was made. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 10‐cm wide thickening of the subcutaneous layer on the lumbar region, with a partial neoplastic infiltration of the muscle fascia. No evidence of metastases was found with a total body computed tomography scan. Because the patient was taking anticoagulant drugs and had unstable renal and cardiac function, surgical treatment was at least temporarily excluded, and the patient was referred for radiation therapy. A vegetant mass 30 × 20 cm in size, partially ulcerated, on the lumbar region. image (A) Infiltrating adenoid pattern with a superficial ulcerated area (hematoxylin‐eosin stain, original magnification ×50). (B) Same view at higher magnification (hematoxylin‐eosin stain, original magnification ×200). (C) Pseudoglandular appearance and remarkable nuclear atypia of tumor cells (hematoxylin‐eosin stain, original magnification ×400). (D) Elongated and irregular strands of tumor cells with absence of peripheral palisading (hematoxylin‐eosin stain, original magnification ×400). image
Cost benefit and clinical efficacy of low‐dose granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor after standard chemotherapy in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: HASHINO S. , MORIOKA M. , IRIE T. , SHIROSHITA N. , KAWAMURA T. , SUZUKI S. , IWASAKI H. , UMEHARA S. , KAKINOKI Y. , KUROSAWA M. , KAHATA K. , IZUMIYAMA K. , KOBAYASHI H. , ONOZAWA M. , TAKAHATA M. , FUJISAWA F. , KONDO T. , ASAKA M. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryHigh costs of molecule‐targeted drugs, such as rituximab, ibritumomab, and tositumomab have given rise to an economical issue for treating patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factors (G‐CSFs), which are also expensive, are widely used for treating neutropenia after chemotherapy. In Japan, lenograstim at 2 μg/kg (about 100 μg/body) or filgrastim at 50 μg/m2 (about 75 μg/body) is commonly administered for patients with NHL after chemotherapy. Therefore, cost‐effectiveness is an important issue in treatment for NHL. Patients with advanced‐stage NHL who needed chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or a CHOP‐like regimen with or without rituximab were enrolled in this randomized cross‐over trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of low‐dose G‐CSF. Half of the patients were administered 75 μg filgrastim in the first course after neutropenia and 50 μg lenograstim in the second course, and the other half were crossed over. Forty‐seven patients were enrolled in this cross‐over trial, and 24 patients completed the trial. Frequencies and durations of grade 4 leukocytopenia and neutropenia were similar in the two groups. Severe infection was rare and was observed at similar frequency. Frequencies of antibiotics use were also similar. The total cost of G‐CSF (cost/drug × duration of administration) was significantly lower in patients who received 50 μg lenograstim. Hence, a low dose of lenograstim might be safe, effective and pharmaco‐economically beneficial in patients with advanced‐stage NHL.
High molecular weight form of adiponectin levels of Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Furusyo Norihiro , Sawayama Yasunori , Maeda Shinji , Toyoda Kazuhiro , Takeoka Hiroaki , Murata Masayuki , Ohnishi Hachiro , Hayashi Jun 
Published: July 2007

Aim:  The aim of the present study was to clarify the correlation between serum adiponectin level and the properties of hepatitis C virus (HCV).Methods:  A meal test was carried out for insulin resistance assessment in 81 patients with chronic HCV infection. Blood samples were taken before and after the test to measure serum insulin and plasma glucose (PG). The adiponectin level was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in each patient.Results:  Serum adiponectin levels were significantly correlated with the area under the insulin curve (AUC‐insulin)during the meal test and with serum HCV‐RNA level. Multiple regression analysis showed age to be a significant independent parameter associated with an increased adiponectin level, whereas male sex, fasting insulin, and serum HCV‐RNA level were significant independent parameters associated with a decreased adiponectin level.Conclusion:  It is possible that insulin resistance in patients with chronic HCV infection is related to adiponectin secretion.
SU‐BB‐BRB‐03: Learning a Foreign Language: Scientists and Media Relations
Authors: Classic K 
Published: July 2007

It seems that each scientific specialty has its own language. Talk to a computer person and you're not sure whether you need to just reboot the system or toss it out completely. Talk to a medical doctor and you're not sure if you really have to exercise or if you can get over it with a pill. So, a physicist and the public? Is it no wonder there is a communication gap when, as scientists, we even find it hard to communicate with and understand other science‐types?What are some basic tips we can use to be better communicators — with other scientists and the public? There are tips that can be offered:• Using common analogies (e.g. alpha = linebacker, beta = running back, gamma = wide receiver).• Emphasizing that radiation is beneficial.• Listening and asking questions (e.g. Why do you think that?)• Using of language that is not trying to convince, but is instead to simply inform.• Not getting into physics 101.• Keeping it short unless additional questions are asked.• Never lying or going “off the record”.• Being professional.• Using visuals whenever possible.• Using whole numbers.A lot, though, falls into experience. This talk will cover some of the listed tips and also discuss lessons learned.