bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotype × environment interactions for digestibility traits in silage maize estimated from in vivo measurements with standard sheep
Authors: Argillier O. , Barrière Y. , Traineau R. , Emile J. C. , Hebert Y. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the genotype × environment interaction for in vivo digestibility of organic matter and of crude fibre in silage maize evaluated with standard sheep experiments. In order to test the genotype × year interaction, the first experiment consisted of taking data subsets out of a 26‐year experiment and evaluating in vivo digestibility traits at Lusignan (France) on numerous maize genotypes. In order to test the genotype × location interaction, the second experiment was a specific one whereby five hybrids were cropped in diverse locations and then evaluated from experiments with sheep, at Lusignan. The variation attributed to genotype × environment (either a year or a location) interaction for in vivo digestibility traits was distinctly lower than the variation due to the main genotypic effect. Therefore, the in vivo digestibility of organic matter and of crude fibre in maize genotypes could be accurately assessed from silages cropped in a simple experimental design, which included replicates, but only a small number of years or locations. This also confirmed the results obtained with in vitro digestibility traits from large multi‐environmental designs which highlighted the low importance of genotype × environment interactions and contributed to the validation of in vitro criteria.
Inheritance and allelism of Russian wheat aphid resistance in several wheat lines
Authors: Dong H. , Quick J. S. , Zhang Y. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) has caused serious reduction in wheat production in 17 Western states of the United States since 1986. Inheritance of resistance to RWA in seven wheat lines and the allelism of the resistance genes in these lines with three known resistance genes Dn4, Dn5, and Dn6 were studied. The seven resistant lines were crossed to a susceptible wheat cultivar ‘Carson’ and three resistant wheats: CORWA1 (Dn4), PI 294994 (Dn5), and PI 243781 (Dn6). Seedlings of the parents, F1, and F2 were screened for RWA resistance in the greenhouse by artificial infestation. Seedling reactions were evaluated 21–28 days after the infestation using a 1–9 scale. The resistance level of all the F1 hybrids was similar to that of the resistant parent, indicating dominant gene control. Only two distinctive classes were present and no intermediate types were observed in the F2 population, suggesting qualitative, nonadditive gene action, in which the presence of any one of the dominant alleles confers complete resistance to RWA. Resistance in CI 2401 is controlled by two dominant genes. Resistance in CI 6501 and PI 94365 is governed by one dominant gene. Resistance in PI 94355 and PI 151918 may be conditioned by either one dominant gene or one dominant and one recessive gene. No conclusion can be made on how many resistance genes are in AUSVA1‐F3, since the parent population was not a pure line. Allelic analyses showed that one of resistance genes in CI 2401 and PI 151918 was the same allele as Dn4, the resistance gene in CI 6501 was the same allele as Dn6, and AUS‐VA1‐F3 had one resistance gene which was the same allele as one of the resistance genes in PI 294994. One non‐allelic resistance gene different from the Dn4, Dn5, and Dn6 genes in CI 2401, PI 94355, PI 94365, and PI 222668 was identified and should be very useful in diversifying gene sources in wheat breeding.
Detection and characterization of two new CMS systems in faba bean (Vicia faba) *
Authors: Link W. , Ederer W. , Gumber R. K , Melchinger A. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWide crosses were made to identify new cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems in faba beans, based on the interaction of cytoplasm with restorer and maintainer alleles. A total of 330 F1 hybrids were produced in both reciprocal forms. Male sterile segregates were observed in one reciprocal version in the F2 generation of six crosses. Two of these crosses with female parents originating from Afghanistan and Egypt expressed stable male sterility in subsequent backcross generations. Based on the female parents of the two crosses, these two CMS systems were designated CMS 199 and CMS 297. CMS 199 was more stable than CMS 297 during backcross generations and across different environments. Maintainer and restorer lines for both CMS systems were identified. Lower expression of male sterility occurred in CMS 297 in the greenhouse during the winter generations than in isolation cages during the summer generations, which may be utilized to maintain male sterile lines by selfing. Regarding practical applications, the CMS 199 shows great promise for hybrid breeding in faba beans.
Morphological characterization of Mediterranean populations of Biserrula pelecinus L.
Authors: Loi A. , Cocks P. S. , Howieson J. G. , Carr S. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA collection of 24 populations of Biserrula pelecinus L. (biserrula)from Italy (Sardinia), Spain. France (Corsica). Morocco and Greece was evaluated in nursery rows at Perth, Western Australia. Fifteen morphological traits were recorded and chromosome numbers of representative populations were counted: The quantitative characters were analysed using principal component analysis and k‐means clustering.The chromosome number of all accessions was 2n= 2x= 16. In other respects there was substantial variation in biserrula collected from the Mediterranean basin, the Moroccan populations in particular being distinct, some with strongly curved pods and others with long linear pods. All Greek populations had while flowers and large seeds. Populations from Italy. France and Spain were similar, with linear pods, blue flowers and smaller seeds. Most populations from Morocco were early flowering, had larger leaves, longer pods and produced more seeds per plant than other populations. All populations were extremely hard seeded (>98% hard‐seeded after a one‐summer exposure on the soil surface).It wits concluded that there is sufficient variation in Mediterranean populations of biserrula lo initiate a selection programme for southern Australia, and other areas with Mediterranean‐type climates, especially for areas where serradella ((Ornithopus compressus L.) is adapted. Seed production is far easier than for serradella, and this advantage alone offers potential for its use in duplex soils where the deep rooting habit of serradella gives it an ecological advantage over conventional pasture legumes.
Identification and characterization of new sources of cytoplasmic male sterility in rice
Authors: Hoan N. T. , Sarma N. P. , Siddiq1 E. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSearch for male sterility‐inducing cytoplasm in wild species of the genus Oryza was attempted with a view to diversify the base of the cytoplasmic genetic male sterility system currently used in the development of commercial rice hybrids. A total of 132 interspecific crosses were made involving accessions of four wild and two cultivated species, all belonging to the A genome. Wild accessions possessing sterility‐inducing cytoplasms were identified following reciprocal and sterile F2 backcross methods. Sterile segregants were pursued through substitution backcrosses to develop cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) lines. CMS lines were developed with the cytoplasm of either O. rufipogon (VNI) or O. nivara (DRW 21018, DRW 21001, DRW 21039, DRW 21030 and RPW 21111). Based on shape, staining, and abortive pattern of pollen and also on type of interaction with a set of restorers and maintainers for known cytoplasmic male steriles of WA source (V 20A), the newly‐developed CMS lines were grouped into four classes. Of these, RPMS 1 and RPMS 2 showed gametophytic male sterility with a restorer reaction different from WA cytoplasmic male‐sterile stocks.
Assessment of genetic diversity of cultivated chickpea using microsatellite‐derived RFLP markers: Implications for origin
Authors: Serret1 M. D. , Udupa S. M. , Weigand2 F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRestriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed on 30 accessions of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) collected from 11 different countries representing the Near East, Central Asian and Hindustani regions. A synthetic digoxygenated oligonucleotide (GATA)4 complementary to a microsatellite DNA sequence was used as a probe. The results revealed that simple repetitive sequences are abundant and polymorphic in the chickpea genome. The fragments detected were used lo estimate the genetic diversity within accessions and a similarity index between the genotypes of the accessions. The genetic distance data were used to construct a dendrogram depicting genetic relationships among the different accessions. The results indicate that the greatest genetic diversity occurs in Pakistan, Iraq, Afghanistan, south‐east Russia, Turkey and Lebanon. Lower genetic diversity was found in Iran, India, Syria, Jordan and Palestine, Based on DNA markers, it is concluded that there are three centres of diversity for chickpea: Pakistan‐Afghanistan. Iraq Turkey and Lebanon. India, which was previously considered as a secondary center of diversity for chickpea, showed lower diversity than the above regions.
Characterization of wheat‐triticale doubled haploid lines by cytological and biochemical markers
Authors: Zhang X. Q. , Wang X. P. , Jing J.K. , Ross K. , Hu H. , Gustafson J. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFive wheat‐triticale doubled haploid (DH) lines— M08, V209, DH220‐14‐2, DH696‐3‐4 and M16 —derived from anther culture of F1s resulting from crosses involving hexaploid or octoploid triticale × hexaploid wheat, were characterized by cytological and biochemical markers. Cytological evidence from genomic in situ hybridization and C‐banding indicated that DH lines M08 and V209 (2n= 42) each contained a pair of 1BL/1RS translocation chromosomes. DH220‐14‐2 (2n= 42) was also a translocated line with two pairs of chromosomes containing small fragments of rye. One of the translocation fragments carried the Sec‐1R gene originating from the satellite region of 1RS; the origin of the other one remains unknown. DH696‐3‐4 (2n= 42) contained a 3D(3R) substitution. In M16 (2n= 44), three pairs of rye chromosomes, 3R, 4R and 6R, were present, 4R as an addition and 3D(3R) and 6D(6R) as substitutions. Biochemical, isozyme and storage protein markers confirmed the cytological conclusions. The advantages of transferring alien chromosomes or chromosome fragments into wheat and creating alien aneuploid lines by anther culture of hybrid F1s are discussed.
Suitability of RAPD analysis for the detection of somaclonal variants in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)
Authors: Rival A. , Bertrand L. , Beulé T. , Combes M.C. , Trouslot P. , Lashermes P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using arbitrary 10‐mer oligonucleotide primers was employed in order to investigate the genetic fidelity of somatic embryogenesis‐derived regenerants of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq). Clonal palms bearing the ‘mantled’ phenotype were identified in the field and the ability of RAPD markers to distinguish these variants from palms of the normal type was assessed. Of the 387 arbitrary primers used, 259 (67%) were successfully used to amplify oil palm DNA genomic fragments with consistently reproducible banding. Of these 387 primers, 73 (19%) primers enabled the identification of polymorphism between clones. No intraclonal variability and no differences between mother palms and regenerants could be identified using the total number of markers scored (8900). Twenty‐four of these 73 primers were chosen for use in a larger experiment aimed at comparing, first, the mother palm genome with that of its clonal offspring and, second, true‐to‐type and variant regenerants. Thus, the regeneration protocol based on somatic embryogenesis set up for oil palm clonal propagation does not induce any gross genetic changes. The results obtained revealed however, that the RAPD approach is not suitable for the detection of the ‘mantled’ variant phenotype. The use of RAPD markers for the detection of somaclonal variation in oil palm is discussed.
Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium wilt (race 2) in chickpea
Authors: Kumar S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of resistance to Fusarium wilt (race 2) of chickpea was studied in a set of three crosses, i.e. ‘WR315’×‘C104’ (resistant × susceptible), ‘WR315’×‘K850’ (resistant × tolerant) and ‘K850’×‘GW5/7’ (tolerant × tolerant) in order to investigate the number of genes involved, their complementation and to find out whether resistant segregants are possible in a cross between two tolerant cultivars. Tests of F1, F2 and F3 generations of these crosses under controlled conditions at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India, indicated involvement of three loci (two recessive and one dominant alleles). The homozygous recessive form at the first two loci conferred resistance whereas susceptibility occurred when the first two loci were in the dominant form. A dominant allele at the third locus can complement the dominant alleles at the other two loci to confer tolerance. Occurrence of resistant segregants in a cross between two tolerant cultivars was observed.
Repeatability of different stability parameters for grain yield in chickpea
Authors: Kumar S. , Singh O. , Van Rheenen H. A. , Rao K. V. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe presence of genotype × environment (GE) interactions in plant breeding experiments has led to the development of several stability parameters in the past few decades. The present study investigated the repeatability of these parameters for 16 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes by correlating their estimates obtained from extreme subsets of environments within a year and also over years. Based on the estimates of response and stability parameters within each trial, the ranking of genotypes in the low‐yielding subset differed from that in the high‐yielding subset. This indicates poor repeatability for response and stability parameters over the extreme environmental subsets. The estimates of mean yield and stability parameters represented by ecovalence, W2i, were consistent over years, whereas those of response parameters (bi, and S2i) showed poor repeatability. Our results suggest that single‐year results for yield and stability can be used effectively for selecting cultivars with stable grain yield if tested in a wider range of environments.
Comparison of QTLs mapped in RILs and their test‐cross progenies of tropical maize for insect resistance and agronomic traits
Authors: Groh S. , Khairallah M. M. , González‐de‐León D. , Willcox M. , Jiang C. , Hoisington D. A. , Melchinger A. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractQuantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting resistance to south‐western corn borer Diatraea grandiosella (SWCB) and sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (SCB) have been identified previously in F2:3 lines and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of tropical maize using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. Our objective was to determine whether QTLs identified in these generations are also expressed in test crosses (TC) of RILs. A population of 166 TC progenies was developed by crossing RILs from the cross CML131 (susceptible) × CML67 (resistant) with the unrelated, susceptible tester line CML216. Resistance to first‐generation SWCB, measured as leaf‐feeding damage (LFD) under artificial infestation, and other agronomic traits were evaluated in two environments for the TC progenies and three environments for 183 RILs. The correlation between line per se and TC performance was low for LFD and intermediate for most agronomic traits. Estimates of the genotypic variance and heritabilities were smaller in the TC progenies than in the RILs for all traits. Quantitative trait loci were identified using an RFLP linkage map with 136 loci. For LFD, four QTLs were detected in the TC progenies, of which two were in common with nine QTLs previously mapped in the RILs. Few QTLs for agronomic traits were common to the two types of progeny, because of the low consistency of QTL positions for all traits in RIL and TC progenies, the use of TC progenies should be considered in QTL mapping studies as the first step for marker‐assisted selection in hybrid breeding.
Hybrid performance of sorghum and its relationship to morphological and physiological traits under variable drought stress in Kenya
Authors: Haussmann B. I. G. , Obilana A. B. , Blum A. , Ayiecho P. O. , Schipprack W. , Geiger H. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, is grown mostly in semi‐arid climates where unpredictable drought stress constitutes a major production constraint. To investigate hybrid performance at different levels of drought stress, 12 single‐cross hybrids of grain sorghum and their 24 parent lines were grown in eight site‐season combinations in a semi‐arid area of Kenya. In addition, a subset of 20 genotypes was evaluated at the seedling stage under polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐induced drought stress. Environmental means for grain yield ranged from 47 to 584 g/m2reflecting the following situations: two non‐stress, one moderate pre‐flowering, four moderate terminal and one extreme drought stress. Mean hybrid superiority over mid‐parent values was 54% for grain yield and 35% for above‐ground biomass. Across environments, hybrids out‐yielded two local varieties by 12%. Differences in yield potential contributed to grain yield differences in all stress environments. Early anthesis was most important for specific adaptation to extreme drought. Field performance was not related to growth reduction and osmotic adjustment under PEG‐induced drought stress. In conclusion, exploitation of hybrid vigour could improve the productivity of sorghum in semi‐arid areas.
RFLP‐based mapping of the Sec‐2 and Sec‐5 loci encoding 75K γ‐secalins of rye
Authors: Malyshev S. V. , Khmyl T. O. , Zabenkova K. I. , Voylokov A. V. , Korzun V. N. , Kartel N. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFor mapping the Sec2 and Sec5 loci of rye which determine expression of 75K γ‐secalins, a partial genetic map of chromosome 2R spanning 64 cM was constructed. The map was developed using an F2 population of 103 plants from a cross between two inbred lines. Both loci were mapped distally on the short arm of chromosome 2R and clearly tagged in relation to 12 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. The Sec2 locus was localized between the Xiag57 and Xpsr109a loci in an 11 cM interval. The Sec5 locus co‐segregated to Xiag57 and was tightly linked to the Sec2 locus at a map distance of 0.5cM.
Differences in susceptibility of Agaricus bisporus strains to bacterial blotch and in natural cap colour related to compost composition
Authors: Moquet F. , Mamoun M. , RamosGuedes‐Lafargue M. , Olivier J.‐M. , Savoie J.‐M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe influence of cultivation substrate (compost) quality as an environmental factor was determined on three traits of interest in the selection of Agaricus bisporus strains. Induced variations in compost nitrogen and copper content were used to modify compost quality. Compost effect and strain × compost interaction were found to be significant for bacterial blotch susceptibility, natural cap colour and yield. Two classes of strain not affected by compost quality were identified in a group of commercial and wild strains: white mushrooms susceptible to bacterial blotch and brown resistant mushrooms. The relation between compost composition quality and mushroom quality traits are specific for each group of strain. Nitrogen and copper content of composts were of interest as indicators of compost quality but other factors have to be evaluated for better compost characterization.
Production of all eight genotypes of null alleles at ‘waxy’ loci in bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Zhao X. C. , Sharp P. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNull alleles of the three loci coding for ‘waxy’ proteins in bread wheat have been identified. Plants carrying different null alleles were collected and segregation of the null alleles in both selfed and doubled haploid progeny of plants simultaneously heterozygous for the null alleles at each of the three loci were examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Mendelian segregation of these alleles in both types of progeny was shown, indicating that they can easily be utilized in breeding programmes. Iodine staining of the eight possible null phenotypes showed that only the triple null type had zero amylose in its endosperm starch.
Screening of wild Oryza species against bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae py. oryza) pathotypes of Punjab (India)
Authors: Kaushal P. , Ravi  , Sidhu J. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOne‐hundred and sixty‐seven accessions belonging to 13 wild Oryza species were screened against the bacterial leaf blight (BB) pathogen (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryza) in Punjab, India. Nine species were identified as carrying resistant genes against the four most prevalent pathotypes under conditions in Punjab. These included O. barthii (eight accessions), O. longistaminata (five accessions), O. meridionalis (three accessions), O. nivara (five accessions), O. rufipogen (two accessions), and one accession each from O. punctata, O. minuta, O. malampuzhaensis and O. latifolia. This is the first report showing the availability of BB resistance in two species namely, O. meridionalis and O. punctata. The resistant accessions, especially those with a similar genome (AA) could potentially be used for the transfer of BB resistance to well‐adapted high‐yielding rice cultivars.
A method to induce polyploids from adult strawberry plants, Fragaria spp., avoiding tissue culture in vitro
Authors: Ahokas H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA method is described of inducing polyploids in detached stolons using an aqueous solution of colchicine, DMSO and glycerol. The donor plant remains uncontaminated and can be grown further to produce more stolons. The putative colchiploids can be chosen on a morphological basis and confirmed cytologically. About 10% of the treated stolons, starting with diploid and tetraploid strawberry, are converted, but 50% nonviability is caused by the treatment. The method can be applied to some other species and shoot types, using other chemicals with chromosome doubling or reducing effect, or even mutagens. The principle can be used without colchicine treatment to obtain strawberry plants from stolons without contamination of the soil around the main clone.