bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of school refusal: sequence analysis using retrospective parent reports
Authors: Benoit Laelia , Chan Sock Peng Edith , Flouriot Julien , DiGiovanni Madeline , Bonifas Nicolas , Rouquette Alexandra , Martin Andrés , Falissard Bruno 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSchool refusal (SR) is a form of school attendance problem (SAP) that requires specific mental health care. Despite improvements in the definition of SAPs, the course of SR is not well characterized. To explore three-year patterns of SR course in children, as reported by their parents, we deployed an anonymous web-based survey. We defined SR onset as the absence of ≥ 2 school weeks during one academic year, combined with emotional distress. We defined standard SR trajectories using sequence analysis of parents’ recollection of three consecutive years of school attendance. We obtained 1970 responses, 1328 (67%) completed by a parent and meeting the definition of SR. Of these, 729 (55%) responses included three years of school attendance recollection. We identified five prototypical trajectories of SR: two profiles for children: beaded absences (n = 272), and rapid recovery (n = 132); and three for adolescents: prolonged recovery (n = 93), gradual decline (n = 89), and rapid decline (n = 143). We found five distinct trajectories of retrospective recall of SR course. Through pattern recognition, this typology could help with timely identification of SR and implementation of evidence-based interventions to optimize outcomes. Prospective replication of these findings and their field application is warranted.
European patterns of local adaptation planning—a regional analysis
Authors: Buzási Attila , Simoes Sofia G. , Salvia Monica , Eckersley Peter , Geneletti Davide , Pietrapertosa Filomena , Olazabal Marta , Wejs Anja , De Gregorio Hurtado Sonia , Spyridaki Niki-Artemis , Szalmáné Csete Mária , Torres Efrén Feliu , Rižnar Klavdija , Heidrich Oliver , Grafakos Stelios , Reckien Diana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile European regions face a range of different climate hazards, little is known about how these differences affect local climate adaptation planning. We present an analytical framework for evaluating local climate adaptation plans (LCAPs) and apply it to 327 cities in 28 countries across different European regions. To do this, we use statistical methods to identify regional clusters based on overall plan quality, impacts, vulnerable population groups, and sectors addressed by LCAPs. By comparing both geographic and statistical clusters, we found (1) significant spatial heterogeneity across European cities but (2) higher average plan quality scores and more consistent strategies across cities in Central and Eastern Europe. Notably, we found no regional differences regarding (a) the climate impacts and vulnerable communities identified in plans: (b) the most commonly addressed impacts, which were urban temperature and changing precipitation patterns; and (c) the residents that cities identified as most vulnerable, namely older people, women, infants, and the sick. Our study provides a spatial analysis of European LCAPs to uncover regional policy perspectives on local climate adaptation issues. Such approaches can effectively inform broader EU, national and regional strategies that aim to support local adaptation planning in a context of multi-level governance.
Why Disability Is Technologically Mediated?
Authors: Arzroomchilar Ehsan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe social model of disability is predicated upon the dichotomy of disability and impairment, which proves vulnerable to objections. Phenomenological approaches to disability in particular found this sharp distinction contrived, and accordingly implausible. Moreover, the social model ignores lived body of individuals and the inside-out perspective on disability. A phenomenological approach thus places the emphasis on the embodied nature of being-in-the-world. Yet, when it comes to the role of technology in disabled people’s life, and in particular assistive technologies, it does not do justice to the role they play, and as a result, technology is treated predominantly as instrumental. In this article, I suggest taking a more systematic approach to technology in disability studies and bringing its role into an interrogation. To that purpose, I will draw from the postphenomenology movement to show how technology may actively mediate individuals’ life and, perhaps more importantly, how disability is technologically mediated.
What Are and What Are Not Extrema Points? Examining Definitions and Examples
Authors: Tsamir Pessia , Tirosh Dina , Ovodenko Regina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper reports on five secondary school mathematics prospective teachers’ conceptions of extreme point. The analysis of the data addressed students’ definitions, examples, and evaluation of given examples, with special attention to the related domain. Written assignments and individual interviews uncover salient, erroneous concept images regarding what is and what is not an extreme point. Participants viewed extrema points as points that necessarily satisfy f′ = 0 or as points that are always at a “change in monoticity” of the function. The topic “extreme points” is both an aim and a mean to address broader issues related to mathematical definitions, examples, and nonexamples. We conclude with possible next-step ideas.
Insights into the cell-wall dynamics in grapevine berries during ripening and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses
Authors: Malacarne Giulia , Lagreze Jorge , Rojas San Martin Barbara , Malnoy Mickael , Moretto Marco , Moser Claudio , Dalla Costa Lorenza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe cell wall (CW) is the dynamic structure of a plant cell, acting as a barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses. In grape berries, the modifications of pulp and skin CW during softening ensure flexibility during cell expansion and determine the final berry texture. In addition, the CW of grape berry skin is of fundamental importance for winemaking, controlling secondary metabolite extractability. Grapevine varieties with contrasting CW characteristics generally respond differently to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the context of climate change, it is important to investigate the CW dynamics occurring upon different stresses, to define new adaptation strategies. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying CW modifications during grapevine berry fruit ripening, plant-pathogen interaction, or in response to environmental stresses, also considering the most recently published transcriptomic data. Furthermore, perspectives of new biotechnological approaches aiming at modifying the CW properties based on other crops’ examples are also presented.
Continuous texts or word lists? Exploring the effects and the process of repeated reading depending on the reading material and students’ reading abilities
Authors: Ehlert Mareike , Beck Jan , Förster Natalie , Souvignier Elmar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRepeated reading (RR) is often recommended for promoting reading fluency, but it is unclear whether continuous texts or word lists should be used. This study tested whether the effects of RR depend on the reading material and whether these effects interact with students’ prior abilities. N = 304 primary school students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) a repeated reading group receiving continuous texts (RR-T), (2) a repeated reading group receiving word lists (RR-W), and (3) a control group (CG). Before and after the training (M = 13 sessions), students’ reading fluency and reading motivation were assessed. In both RR-groups, the average level and growth in (a) words read correctly per minute and (b) affect were recorded during each reading session. Multilevel modelling revealed that growth in reading fluency and reading motivation did not differ significantly between the RR groups and the CG. Process analyses showed that the number of words students read correctly per minute increased significantly per session. Students’ affect remained stable at a high level throughout the reading interventions. In the RR-T, significantly more words were read correctly than in the RR-W, and this was a mediator between group and reading fluency. Students’ initial levels of reading performance and reading motivation strongly predicted both process and outcome variables, but not in interaction with the reading material. Results emphasise the importance of investigating the effects of repeated reading interventions with higher dosage and of offering differentiated methods (instead of reading material) to struggling readers.
Decrease in incidence of distal radius fractures in Oslo, Norway
Authors: Oftebro I. , Skjaker S. A. , Fridheim H. L. , Frihagen F. , Meyer H. E. , Nordsletten L. , Solberg L. B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Summary

This study reported the incidence of validated adult distal radius fractures in Oslo, Norway, in 2019. The incidence has been reduced over the last 20 years. However, it is still high compared to other regions in Norway and some of the other Nordic countries.

Purpose
We aimed to report the incidence of distal radius fractures in Oslo in 2019 and compare it to the incidence rates in 1998/1999.

Methods
Patients aged ≥ 20 years resident in Oslo sustaining a distal radius fracture in 2019 were identified by electronic diagnosis registers, patient protocols, and/or radiology registers. The diagnosis was verified using medical records and/or radiology descriptions. We used the same method as the previous study from Oslo, making the comparison over time more accurate. The age-adjusted incidence rates and the age-standardized incidence rate ratio (IRR) were calculated.

Results
The absolute number of fractures decreased from 1490 in 1998/1999 to 1395 in 2019. The IRR for women and men in the age group ≥ 20 years in 2019 compared to 1998/1999 was 0.77 (95% CI 0.71–0.84) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.66–0.90), respectively. The IRR for women and men in the age group ≥ 50 years in 2019 compared to 1998/1999 was 0.78 (95% CI 0.71–0.86) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.63–0.97), respectively. For the population in Oslo with Asian background compared to Norwegian background in the age group ≥ 50 years, the IRR in 2019 was 0.57 (95% CI 0.40–0.80) for women and 0.77 (95% CI 0.44–1.37) for men.

Conclusions
The incidence of distal radius fractures in Oslo has decreased over the last 20 years. It is still, however, higher than in other areas of Norway and in some of the other Nordic countries.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Hypertension and Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure
Authors: Balhara Maria , Neikirk Kit , Marshall Andrea , Hinton Antentor , Kirabo Annet 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Hypertension is a principal risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with its severity exacerbated by high sodium intake, particularly in individuals with salt-sensitive blood pressure. However, the mechanisms underlying hypertension and salt sensitivity are only partly understood. Herein, we review potential interactions in hypertension pathophysiology involving the immune system, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and proteostasis pathways; identify knowledge gaps; and discuss future directions.

Recent Findings
Recent advancements by our research group and others reveal interactions within and between adaptive and innate immune responses in hypertension pathophysiology. The salt-immune-hypertension axis is further supported by the discovery of the role of dendritic cells in hypertension, marked by isolevuglandin (IsoLG) formation. Alongside these broadened understandings of immune-mediated salt sensitivity, the contributions of T cells to hypertension have been recently challenged by groups whose findings did not support increased resistance of Rag-1-deficient mice to Ang II infusion. Hypertension has also been linked to ER stress and the UPR. Notably, a holistic approach is needed because the UPR engages in crosstalk with autophagy, the ubiquitin proteasome, and other proteostasis pathways, that may all involve hypertension.

Summary
There is a critical need for studies to establish cause and effect relationships between ER stress and the UPR in hypertension pathophysiology in humans and to determine whether the immune system and ER stress function mainly to exacerbate or initiate hypertension and target organ injury. This review of recent studies proposes new avenues for future research for targeted therapeutic interventions.
Covert Consciousness in Acute Brain Injury Revealed by Automated Pupillometry and Cognitive Paradigms
Authors: Othman Marwan H. , Olsen Markus Harboe , Hansen Karen Irgens Tanderup , Amiri Moshgan , Jensen Helene Ravnholt , Nyholm Benjamin , Møller Kirsten , Kjaergaard Jesper , Kondziella Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Identifying covert consciousness in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with coma and other disorders of consciousness (DoC) is crucial for treatment decisions, but sensitive low-cost bedside markers are missing. We investigated whether automated pupillometry combined with passive and active cognitive paradigms can detect residual consciousness in ICU patients with DoC.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled clinically low-response or unresponsive patients with traumatic or nontraumatic DoC from ICUs of a tertiary referral center. Age-matched and sex-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Patients were categorized into clinically unresponsive (coma or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome) or clinically low-responsive (minimally conscious state or better). Using automated pupillometry, we recorded pupillary dilation to passive (visual and auditory stimuli) and active (mental arithmetic) cognitive paradigms, with task-specific success criteria (e.g., ≥ 3 of 5 pupillary dilations on five consecutive mental arithmetic tasks).

Results
We obtained 699 pupillometry recordings at 178 time points from 91 ICU patients with brain injury (mean age 60 ± 13.8 years, 31% women, and 49.5% nontraumatic brain injuries). Recordings were also obtained from 26 matched controls (59 ± 14.8 years, 38% women). Passive paradigms yielded limited distinctions between patients and controls. However, active paradigms enabled discrimination between different states of consciousness. With mental arithmetic of moderate complexity, ≥ 3 pupillary dilations were seen in 17.8% of clinically unresponsive patients and 50.0% of clinically low-responsive patients (odds ratio 4.56, 95% confidence interval 2.09–10.10; p < 0.001). In comparison, 76.9% healthy controls responded with ≥ 3 pupillary dilations (p = 0.028). Results remained consistent across sensitivity analyses using different thresholds for success. Spearman’s rank analysis underscored the robust association between pupillary dilations during mental arithmetic and consciousness levels (rho = 1, p = 0.017). Notably, one behaviorally unresponsive patient demonstrated persistent command-following behavior 2 weeks before overt signs of awareness, suggesting prolonged cognitive motor dissociation.

Conclusions
Automated pupillometry combined with mental arithmetic can identify cognitive efforts, and hence covert consciousness, in ICU patients with acute DoC.
Simplified measurement and verification combined with quality assurance instruments: a more practical and accessible method for M&V of energy savings
Authors: Bleyl Jan W. , Robertson M. , Mitchell S. , Thollander P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEnergy efficiency (EE) is our “first fuel” and an essential resource in reaching climate goals, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, increasing security of supply, and many other “Multiple Benefits.” However, by their nature, savings are intangible. Demand-side EE measures are typically decentralized, heterogeneous, and small-scale opportunities. The difficulties in measurement and verification (M&V) of “Negawatts” are an important and often overlooked barrier to their greater application.M&V is a prerequisite to assess the performance of any energy, water, or CO2-saving measure, and to quantify the savings into physical and monetary units for reporting, re-financing, GHG accounting, or other purposes. However, in practice, M&V is often perceived (particularly by clients) as cumbersome, incomprehensible, and costly.In the broader context, energy cost savings alone are often not a sufficiently strong project driver because they lack strategic relevance for decision makers. As “Multiple Benefits” of EE become better understood, the value of quantifying savings to a high degree of accuracy may be declining, creating opportunities for more flexible M&V standards.As a new methodology, this conceptual paper proposes to combine simplified M&V (sM&V) for individual EE measures with quality assurance instruments (QAIs) to verify functionality. This “sM&V + QAI” approach is less cumbersome, less costly, and easier to comprehend than standard M&V approaches, particularly by clients, financiers, and other non-M&V experts. It has been reviewed by international experts and successfully tested and evaluated in the field. Multiple case studies are reported to verify its practical feasibility.
Effect of A Multi-Model Based Intervention on Bullying Prevention through Peer Advocacy
Authors: Avşar Fatma , Ayaz-Alkaya Sultan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPeer advocacy and bullying prevention programs are ergonomic and helpful in protecting students from the effects of bullying. This study aims to evaluate the effect of model-based strategies on bullying prevention through peer advocacy. Model-based strategies combine STAC strategies, Logic Model and ABCD Model in the current study. This study was conducted as a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests. Its population consisted of sixth-grade students in four primary schools in Wales, UK. Students were included in the intervention (n = 38) and control (n = 38) groups. An education program was given to the intervention group in three sessions with the strategies based on two models. Data analysis consisted of Chi-square, Repeated Measures ANOVA, and t-tests. Data were collected with a personal information form, the Student-Advocates Pre-and Post-Scale (SAPPS), and the Friendship Qualities Scale. The SAPPS and Self-Confidence to Intervene to Stop Bullying sub-scale post-test mean scores increased significantly (p < .0.05) after the education. An increase was observed in the averages of scales and subscales scores in the intervention group. The program was effective in developing students’ advocacy, building self-confidence, increasing awareness of bullying information, and using Strategies information to prevent bullying. Model-based configuration may have made the program more effective.
An eXplainable Artificial Intelligence Methodology on Big Data Architecture
Authors: La Gatta Valerio , Moscato Vincenzo , Postiglione Marco , Sperlì Giancarlo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough artificial intelligence has become part of everyone’s real life, a trust crisis against such systems is occurring, thus increasing the need to explain black-box predictions, especially in the military, medical, and financial domains. Modern eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques focus on benchmark datasets, but the cognitive applicability of such solutions under big data settings is still unclear due to memory or computation constraints. In this paper, we extend a model-agnostic XAI methodology, named Cluster-Aided Space Transformation for Local Explanation (CASTLE), to be able to deal with high-volume datasets. CASTLE aims to explain the black-box behavior of predictive models by combining both local (i.e., based on the input sample) and global (i.e., based on the whole scope for action of the model) information. In particular, the local explanation provides a rule-based explanation for the prediction of a target instance as well as the directions to update the likelihood of the predicted class. Our extension leverages modern big data technologies (e.g., Apache Spark) to handle the high volume, variety, and velocity of huge datasets. We have evaluated the framework on five datasets, in terms of temporal efficiency, explanation quality, and model significance. Our results indicate that the proposed approach retains the high-quality explanations associated with CASTLE while efficiently handling large datasets. Importantly, it exhibits a sub-linear, rather than exponential, dependence on dataset size, making it a scalable solution for massive datasets or in any big data scenario.
Antimicrobial Properties and Cytotoxicity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Melia azedarach Leaf Extract Against Diarrhoeal Pathogens
Authors: Abolarinwa Tesleem Olatunde , Ajose Daniel Jesuwenu , Oluwarinde Bukola Opeyemi , Montso Kotsoana Peter , Fri Justine , Fayemi Omolola Esther , Aremu Adeyemi Oladapo , Ateba Collins Njie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe high mortality and morbidity resulting from an increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance among pathogens highlight a crucial need for the development of novel alternative therapy. In the quest for alternative therapy, this study was conducted to synthesise nanoparticles (NPs) from ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) via Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) leaf extract and evaluate their antibacterial properties against multidrug resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Vibrio cholerae. Multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria were isolated from cattle faeces and characterised by whole genome sequence analysis. The extracts from M. azedarach leaves were used as reducing, capping, and stabilising agents on the precursor metal (FeCl3.6H2O) to produce NPs. The biosynthesised NPs were characterised by ultraviolent visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The NPs were tested against multidrug-resistant bacteria to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and rate of kill. In this study, WGS analysis confirmed the bacteria (E. coli, V. cholerae, and S. enterica) isolates to be multidrug-resistant pathogen and NP that has a spherical shape with an average particle size of 49.75 nm was successfully biosynthesised. The NPs displayed significant antimicrobial activities with MIC of 62, 31, and 62 mg/mL, MBC of 500, 250, and 500 µg/mL, and the lowest killing times of 4, 2, and 3 h against E. coli, V. cholerae, and S. enterica, respectively. Interestingly, the concentrations of the NPs required to inhibit the growth of E. coli, V. cholerae, and S. enterica were not toxic to HEK293 cells. Based on the promising antimicrobial activities of the biosynthesised NPs in this study, they could be useful in important therapeutic applications aimed at combating multidrug-resistant pathogens.