bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF THIAZIDES ON THYROID PARAMETERS IN MAN
Authors: Bech Karine , Skovsted Lis , Siersbæk-Nielsen Kaj , Hansen Jens Mølholm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Iodine metabolism and thyroid hormones in blood were studied in 19 men and 11 women who had been treated with thiazides for arterial hypertension from 1 month to 15 years. The results were compared with the findings from age-matched normal controls. No differences were found regarding 24-h 131I-thyroid uptake, thyroid iodide clearance, renal iodide clearance, plasma inorganic iodide, absolute iodine uptake (AIU), serum thyroxine (T4 (D)), resin T3 test (T3U) and TSH after TRH. Twenty-four-hour urinary iodine was higher in the patients treated with diuretics which could be explained by increased iodine intake. The findings of increased serum triiodothyronine (T3 (RIA)) and reverse T3 (rT3) might be due to changes in distribution volume in the thiazide-treated patients. Long-term treatment with thiazides in man do not lead to iodine depletion.
RELEASE OF CYCLIC AMP FROM THYROID CELLS IN VITRO
Authors: Ahrén Bo , Gustafson Åsa , Hedner Pavo , Nilsson Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Half lobes of mouse thyroid gland were incubated in vitro with TSH. They released cyclic AMP (cAMP) into the medium in amounts depending on the concentration of TSH. The release of cAMP was greatest during the first hour of incubation, then it occurred at a lower rate. With an incubation time of 45 min the medium cAMP levels ranged from 43.0 ± 11.9 pmole per mg tissue protein for controls to 296.5 ± 29.2 pmole per mg tissue protein with 5 mU of TSH in the medium.
The tissue cAMP level reached a maximum after 15–30 min of incubation with TSH, then it gradually decreased towards control level during 4 h of incubation. With 25 min of incubation the tissue cAMP level was 28.5 ± 8.8 pmole per mg tissue protein for controls compared to 194.3 ± 27.0 pmole per mg tissue protein with 5 mU TSH in the incubation medium.
The release of thyroxine was of the same order during the later part of the 4 h incubation period compared to the first one.
The results illustrate the quantitative importance of cAMP release, and the fact that in the later part of the incubaion period the cell content of cAMP was low while the release of thyroxine remained high.
DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS OF PLASMA AND TESTICULAR TESTOSTERONE IN MICE FROM BIRTH TO ADULTHOOD
Authors: Jean-Faucher Ch. , Berger M. , de Turckheim M. , Veyssiere G. , Jean Cl. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male mice were raised in cohabitation with females from birth to 90 days. Testosterone was measured every 10 days in plasma and testes. Sex difference in body weight was related to the pre-pubertal increase of testosterone levels in males. The weight of the seminal vesicle was positively correlated with circulating testosterone levels between 1 and 40 days but not between 50 and 90 days
Testosterone concentrations in the plasma and testes were high at birth: 630 pg/ml and 58.0 ± 17.7 ng/100 mg; they subsequently decreased during the first days of life and remained low until day 20: 240 ± 110 pg/ml and 0.1 ± 0.03 ng/100 mg. The testosterone levels then increased rapidly between days 20 and 30 and especially between 30 and 40 reaching their maxima: 5770 ± 1720 pg/ml and 123.7 ± 18.3 ng/100 mg testis. This increase was transitory and testosterone levels fell after day 40. By 90 days, the testosterone levels, 440 ± 65 pg/ml and 43.2 ± 5.5 ng/100 mg testis, were comparable to those measured at birth. Plasma testosterone and age were positively correlated between 1 and 40 days, and negatively between 50 and 90 days.
The first fertile matings occurred at age 40 days.
HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA IN THE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RAT
Authors: Sowers James R. , Resch Garth , Tempel George , Herzog Jacques , Colantino Marta 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A hypothalamic role in the aetiology of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been suggested by prior observations. In an attempt to determine whether the central control of prolactin (PRL) release is altered in the SHR we have compared the PRL response to immobilization stress, thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), haloperidol, and l-DOPA in the SHR and in normotensive Wistar control rats. Carotid artery catheters were inserted 48 h prior to the PRL response studies and the catheters were maintained patent with heparinized saline. Timed blood samples were obtained in SHR and control rats weighing 180-225 g. The SHR demonstrated elevated basal serum levels of PRL and greater PRL responses to stress. However, administration of l-DOPA resulted in a similar suppression of serum PRL in the SHR and in the normotensive controls. These findings suggest alteration in the central control of PRL release in the SHR. Observations of elevated basal PRL, exaggerated PRL in response to l-DOPA in SHR are consistent with normal pituitary responsiveness to dopamine suppression of PRL release, but defective hypothalamic metabolism of dopamine. Alterations in central dopamine control mechanisms in the SHR may play a role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in these animals.
SERUM THYROTROPHIN AND CIRCULATING THYROGLOBULIN AND THYROID MICROSOMAL ANTIBODIES IN A FINNISH POPULATION
Authors: Gordin A. , Maatela J. , Miettinen A. , Helenius Tuula , Lamberg B.-A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Circulating thyroglobulin antibodies (TgA) were detected in 7.9 % and thyroid microsomal antibodies (MsA) in 25.8 % of a sample of 507 subjects in the adult population of southern Finland when titres as low as 1/5 for TgA and 1/10 for MsA were included. Both antibodies were measured by passive haemagglutination techniques. The prevalence of high titres was 0.6 % for TgA (≥ 1/25 000) and 4.2% for MsA (≥ 1/100 000). Eightyeight per cent of the TgA positive subjects also had MsA. The MsA titres were usually markedly higher than those of TgA in the same subjects.
Serum thyrotrophin (TSH), cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in 123 euthyroid subjects with thyroid antibodies and no history of thyroid diseases, and in controls matched for age and sex. Serum TSH was elevated in 31 % of the TgA positive subjects and the mean TSH concentration was significantly above that of the controls. All 3 subjects with high TgA titres also had elevated TSH levels. Serum TSH concentration was increased also in 25 % of those with MsA and the mean TSH value was significantly above the control level. High MsA titres were found in 19 subjects and the serum TSH was elevated in 10 of them (53%). The prevalence of symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) was 2 and 5 %, of the population when high titres of either TgA or MsA, respectively, and elevation of serum TSH was used as criteria. This fits with our previous observations. There was no difference in serum cholesterol or triglycerides in the TgA or MsA positive subjects or in the corresponding matched controls.
PLASMA CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE LEVELS IN HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Lin Tu 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels were studied in a group of normal subjects and 10 subjects with hyperthyroidism. In the control group, mean plasma cyclic AMP levels were 15.3 ± 1.3 nmol/l (sem), and plasma cyclic GMP levels were 9.4 ± 0.58 nmol/l (sem). In untreated hyperthyroid subjects, both plasma cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels were significantly elevated above normal with mean values of 35.0 ± 2.4 nmol/l (sem) (P < 0.001) and 14.7 ± 0.2 nmol/l (sem), (P < 0.001), respectively. Six of the hyperthyroid subjects were re-studied when they became euthyroid; plasma cyclic nucleotide concentrations all fell within the normal range. To evaluate the relative contribution of triiodothyronine and thyroxine to elevated plasma cyclic nucleotide levels, two hyperthyroid subjects were treated with propylthiouracil and iodide. Plasma cyclic nucleotide levels were normalized when plasma triiodothyronine levels declined to normal range, at the time when plasma thyroxine levels were still elevated. These preliminary data suggest that increased triiodothyronine production is responsible for the increased cyclic nucleotide levels in hyperthyroidism.
NORMALIZATION OF THE INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND THE CELLULAR INSULIN BINDING DURING TREATMENT OF OBESE DIABETICS FOR ONE YEAR
Authors: Beck-Nielsen Henning , Pedersen Oluf , Lindskov Hans Otto 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relative importance of the insulin resistance, the decreased cellular insulin binding and the relative insulin deficiency in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in obese subjects has been studied.
Ten obese diabetics were studied before and during treatment for 1 year with a 1200-1500 kcal's diet.
No change was found in the insulin response to iv injection of glucose during treatment (P > 0.1), whereas the insulin sensitivity was normalized after 1 year (P < 0.01). In parallel to the clinical normalization and the improvement of the insulin sensitivity the insulin binding to monocytes was normalized (P < 0.01).
We conclude that both the insulin resistance and the relative insulin deficiency are of decisive importance in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus of the obese. The insulin receptor defect seems to be one of the major factors responsible for the insulin resistance.
CHANGES IN THE PLASMA LEVELS OF ANDROSTENEDIONE, DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND CORTISOL AFTER STIMULATION WITH ACTH AND hCG AND SUPPRESSION WITH DEXAMETHASONE DURING MALE PUBERTY
Authors: Herrera-Justiniano E. , Galvez M. D. , Aznar A. M. , Gomez S. M. M. , Sendon P. A. , Zurita A. R. , Malagon C. M. , Aznar R. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cortisol, androstenedione (Δ4) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), were evaluated by RIA in a group of 34 adolescent boys, grouped according to genital size. Basal blood samples were taken and 2 mg of dexamethasone administered (12 p.m.). Further plasma samples were taken at 9 a. m. and 250 μg of ACTH injected. Additional samples were drawn after 60 and 120 min. After a lapse of two days 5000 IU of hCG was administered every day for four days and blood samples were taken after the second and fourth injection.
After stimulation with ACTH and suppression with dexamethasone the levels of cortisol were higher and lower, respectively, (P < 0.001) than the basal values. No statistical differences were obtained after the administration of hCG. The levels of Δ4 and DHEA clearly decreased after the administration of dexamethasone and markedly increased after stimulation with ACTH. However, after administration of hCG the levels of both steroids rose but those of the latter did not increase as steeply as those of the former.
With regard to the degree of response of the three steroids in relation to the pubertal stages we noted that cortisol showed a steady response at all stages, while Δ4 and DHEA in contrast, showed a more marked response at stages IV and V than at stages I and II.
These results indicate the primary role that the adrenal glands and the testes play in the rise of levels of DHEA and Δ4 during pubertal development.
EFFECT OF SPIRONOLACTONE AND ITS MAIN METABOLITE CANRENONE ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE-SYSTEM DURING LONG-TERM TREATMENT IN RATS
Authors: Erbler Hans C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Spironolactone (SPIR) and its main metabolite canrenone (CAN) were given orally in two different doses to male rats for 6 weeks. Changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) served as indicators for alterations in the electrolyte and water balance and thus for the pharmacological activity of the spirolactones studied.
SPIR treatment activated the RAAS dependent on the dose and over the entire period of investigation. In contrast, a comparable activation of the RAAS by CAN was only observed during the first week of treatment. Subsequently the CAN-induced increase in plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and urinary aldosterone excretion continuously dropped, indicating a progressive loss in the anti-mineralocorticoid activity of CAN. Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations were significantly changed by SPIR only.
From the results it is concluded that during chronic treatment in the rat the aldosterone-antagonistic effect of SPIR can only be attributed for a limited period to its main metabolite CAN. In long-term treatment CAN is obviously subject to an accelerated metabolism and thus contributes only to a limited extent to the anti-mineralocorticoid effects of SPIR. In the rat the major part of the aldosterone-antagonistic effect of SPIR is possibly maintained during long-term treatment by sulphur-containing SPIR metabolites which arise from SPIR by metabolic degradation of the thioacetyl group.
PROGESTERONE AND 20α-HYDROXYSTEROID-DEHYDROGENASE REGULATION IN THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF THE PREGNANT RAT
Authors: Loewit K. , Zambelis N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Female Wistar rats were mated and passively immunized against bovine luteinizing hormone (bLH) between days 7–12 of gestation. In a first series of experiments the effect of simultaneous progesterone treatment on the histochemically detectable activity of 20α-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase (20α-OHSD) in the corpora lutea of pregnancy was evaluated. In other experiments the exact time course was established between the first histologically demonstrable signs of termination of pregnancy and the appearance of 20α-OHSD activity in corpora lutea of pregnancy.
It was found that progesterone substitution not only prevented the deleterious effects of the anti-bLH-serum on gestation but also the re-appearance of 20α-OHSD activity in the corpora lutea of pregnancy up to day 12 of pregnancy. Moreover in animals injected with anti-bLH-serum from day 7 on and sacrificed on days 8–2, signs of foetal destruction clearly preceded the pathological re-appearance of 20α-OHSD activity by 2–3 days. These results support previous findings on a direct or indirect role of progesterone in the complex regulation of 20α-OHSD activity. Possible mechanisms of action are discussed.
IN VITRO C-20, 22 DESMOLASE REGULATION OF PREGNENOLONE SUPPLY IN FIRST TRIMESTER HUMAN PLACENTA
Authors: Gunasegaram R. , Peh K. L. , Chew P. C. T. , Karim S. M. M. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Homogenates of first trimester human placentae were incubated with [26-14C]cholesterol. Using reverse-isotope dilution analysis [14C]isocaproic acid was isolated and characterized. A progressive increase in [14C]isocaproic acid formation with increasing gestation suggestive of a regulatory mechanism at the C-20,22 desmolase site in the supply of placental pregnenolone was noted.
DUAL ACTION OF ADRENERGIC SYSTEM ON THE REGULATION OF THYROTROPHIN SECRETION IN THE MALE RAT
Authors: Männistö Pekka , Ranta Tapio , Tuomisto Jouko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of graded doses of drugs modifying adrenergic activity on basal and cold-stimulated TSH secretion was studied in male rats, ±-Methyl-p-tyrosine (±MPT) (16 h before 30 min cold-exposure), phenoxybenzamine (1 h), Ca-fusarate (1 h) and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) (1 and 18 h) dose-dependently depressed the cold-stimulated TSH secretion. The effect of reserpine (24 h) was not significant. Clonidine (1 h), dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS) (1 h), noradrenaline (NA) (1 h), and l-Dopa (1 h) were also effective in decreasing serum TSH levels, but dopamine (DA) (ad 2 mg/kg, 1 h) had no effect. Basal TSH levels were also decreased by various doses of clonidine, DOPS and NA, given ip 1 h before sacrifice. Clonidine (1 mg/kg), NA (1 mg/kg), DA (2 mg/kg), ±MPT (300 mg/kg), phenoxybenzamine (2 or 20 mg/kg), Ca-fusarate (50 mg/kg) or l-Dopa (200 mg/kg) did not modify the TRH-induced TSH response. These results cannot be explained by assuming only a stimulatory function for the adrenergic system on the secretion of TSH in the rat. The site of the possible inhibitory function of noradrenaline in the control of TSH cannot be deduced from these results, but various possibilities are discussed.
DEVELOPMENT OF POLYPLOIDY IN B-CELLS OF NORMAL AND DIABETIC MICE
Authors: Pohl M. N. , Swartz F. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This study was designed to clarify the relationship between pancreatic B-cell polyploidization and the progress of the diabetic syndrome in genetically diabetic (C57BL/Ks-db/db) and normal control mice (C57BL/KsJ) of matched age groups. Nuclear volume was confirmed to be a proper index of the polyploid class of the B-cell by correlation with Feulgen-DNA content as measured by microdensitometry. Nuclei of B-cells, identified by aldehyde fuchsin positive cytoplasmic granules, were traced by camera lucida and their volumes determined by semiautomatic particle size analysis. Six age groups were studied: 4.5, 7, 9.5, 12, 14.5 and 17 weeks. The major conclusions are: 1) The percentage of tetraploid nuclei in normal mice is consistently between 1.0 and 2.0% from 4.5 to 14.5 weeks of age and increases to approximately 3.0 % at 17 weeks of age; however, further studies are required to determined the significance of this increase; 2) in all age groups studied, percentages of polyploid nuclei are significantly greater in diabetic than in control mice; 3) the percentage of tetraploid nuclei in diabetic animals is elevated 220 % over controls at 4.5 weeks of age, remains constant until 12 weeks (while other parameters such as blood glucose level and body weight continue to rise) and increases significantly between 12 and 14.5 weeks of age. Implications of both the increased polyploidy observed at the onset of disease symptoms, and the dramatic increase occurring during the later stages of the disease, are discussed.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF ADRENODOXIN AND ADRENODOXIN REDUCTASE IN BOVINE ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Mitani Fumiko , Ishimura Yuzuru , Izumi Shinichi , Watanabe Keiichi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The zonal distribution of adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase (EC 1.6.7.1) in the bovine adrenal cortex as well as their intracellular localization has been studied by the direct method of peroxidase-labelled antibody (Fab′ or F(ab′)2 fraction) technique. The results indicated that both proteins localized mainly in zonae fasciculata and reticularis whereas very few were present in the zona glomerulosa. Only parenchymal cells in the adrenal cortex were proved to contain both proteins.
The intracellular localization of both adrenodoxin and the reductase was demonstrated to be exclusively on the inner membrane of mitochondria of these parenchymal cells by immunoelectron microscopy. The validity of the immunocytochemical method employed in this study to determine the fine localization of both proteins in the mitochondria as well as the significance of the zonal distribution in relation to the function of each individual zone is discussed.
EFFECT OF STRESS ON THE PROFILE OF PLASMA STEROIDS IN BABOONS (PAPIO HAMADRYAS)
Authors: Goncharov N. P. , Taranov A. G. , Antonichev A. V. , Gorlushkin V. M. , Aso T. , Cekan S. Z. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adult baboons (5 males and 5 females) were exposed to immobilization stress by being strapped to a table in a horizontal position for 2 h. In females the experiment was performed during both the follicular and luteal phase. Peripheral blood was withdrawn at frequent intervals, the first sample just before immobilization, and the last one 3 days later. A number of steroids were measured in blood plasma samples by radioimmunoassay (17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, pregnenolone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, 20α-dihydroprogesterone, oestrone, oestradiol) or competitive protein binding (cortisol) techniques.
The cortisol levels exhibited a marked increase in both sexes. This increase was observed already during the immobilization and lasted for approximately 24 h. A similar, even more pronounced increase was seen in 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and pregnenolone levels. A marked, long-lasting (72 h) decrease of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels was a consistent finding in male baboons. This was not observed in the females which, on the other hand, exhibited a marked decrease (duration 48 h) of progesterone and 20α-dihydroprogesterone levels during the luteal phase, and a significant decrease (duration > 24 h) of oestradiol and oestrone concentrations during the follicular phase.
It is concluded that stress has a marked inhibitory action on gonadal function both in male and female baboons. In females the inhibition of steroidogenetic function is exerted both on the ovarian follicles and on the corpus luteum.
SHORT-TERM REGULATION OF LH AND FSH SECRETION IN CYCLIC WOMEN
Authors: Römmler A. , Viebahn C. , Schwartz U. , Hammerstein J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of two consecutive LH-RH injections at 120 min intervals with either a varying first or second LH-RH dose on pituitary gonadotrophin response were investigated in 15 eugonadal women to study pituitary secretory processes. Each volunteer underwent a total of 4 LH-RH double stimulation tests. In group I (n = 8) the first LH-RH dose of each of the 4 tests was fixed at 25 μg, whereas the second LH-RH dose consisted of either 6, 25, 100 or 400 μg. In group II (n= 7) the first LH-RH dose varied between 6 and 400 μg, while the second LH-RH dose was kept constant at 25 μg. Serum gonadotrophin and serum ovarian steroid levels were determined by radioimmunoassay before and after LH-RH administration. The volunteers in both groups served as their own controls.
A linear log-dose response relationship was found between the various doses of LH-RH injected and the corresponding LH and FSH elevations elicited. However, the dose of the first LH-RH injection also significantly influenced the gonadotrophin reaction after the second LH-RH injection in a linear log-dose response relationship. Serum levels of oestradiol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and progesterone significantly increased in response to the elevated serum gonadotrophin levels after LH-RH stimulation during the 4 h test period, but the rise did not correlate to the LH-RH dose used.
The results indicate that LH-releasing hormone stimulates not only the release, but also the synthesis of LH and FSH in a dose-related manner. These findings are consistent with our previously reported concept that the magnitude of LH and FSH response to the first LH-RH injection reflects the "storage capacity", while the increase observed after the second LH-RH injection represents the "synthesis capacity" of the gonadotrophs.
NON-SUPPRESSIBLE INSULIN-LIKE ACTIVITY IN LARON'S SYNDROME
Authors: Kastrup Knud W. , Zapf Jürgen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Severe growth retardation is found in patients with high levels of growth hormone and low sulphation factor activity or somatomedin. Also nonsuppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA-s) has been found to be very low in a patient with this condition as measured by bioassay, protein binding assay and radioimmunoassay and to be below activities found in hypopituitary patients. Partially purified NSILA-s restored the ability of serum to increase sulphation activity although full restitution may still depend on other factors. These findings support the hypothesis that NSILA-s belongs to the family of somatomedin and thus is involved in promoting growth, and that low activity of these growth factors is a primary cause of the growth retardation found in these patients.