bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study: Evaluating Disposable Syringes Compared to Non‐Disposable Syringes for Dental Training
Authors: Glickman Robert , Byrd Tara , Levine Marci H. , Sherwin Gene , McAlpin Elizabeth , Watson Colleen , Soeprono Aaron , Orthodoxou Chrystalla , Couamin Yvelande 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeedlestick exposures commonly occur with non‐disposable metal syringes during the assembly and disassembly of needles due to the manual handling of needles. Disposable syringes are designed to reduce these exposures by using a protective sheath thus eliminating the need to handle needles while uncapping and recapping them.PurposeThis pilot study compared the two syringes with two alternating groups of third‐year (D3) students during clinical practice under faculty supervision to administer local anesthesia to live patients.MethodsIn 2023, two groups of Year 3 (D3) Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) students supervised by faculty in each group alternated over two 4‐week sessions using disposable (N = 67) and non‐disposable (N = 66) syringes to administer local anesthesia injections to live patients. At the end of each session, each group and supervising faculty completed a survey to capture their experience.ResultsWhile two participants reported needlestick injuries using non‐disposable syringes and no injuries incurred using disposable syringes, we found neither a statistically significant increase nor decrease in exposures related to needlesticks using either syringe. Statistically significant outcomes showed that the participants found the non‐disposable easier to use and they were more likely to use it going forward than the disposable syringe. Participants preferred using the non‐disposable syringe mainly because of the stability and familiarity aspects of prior education. The disposable syringe, while easier and safer to assemble and disassemble, felt less stable to use during the injection procedure, especially during aspiration.ConclusionWhile safety continues to be a concern, students and faculty prefer non‐disposable metal syringes over disposable syringes. Most dissatisfaction with using the disposable syringe came from the aspiration system. But prior experience and comfort using non‐disposable metal syringes, a lack of experience and confidence with local anesthesia procedures and a lack of experience with disposable syringes, may have contributed to these outcomes. Despite usability issues with the disposable syringe, performance was more impacted by lack of experience than the type of syringe used. Introducing both syringes early into the curriculum may help overcome usability factors, further reduce needlestick exposures, and prepare students for different workplace environments. Providing adequate training for faculty, especially on the differences between the two syringes, such as aspiration, will help alleviate discomfort and better promote the use of both.
Phosphorus and cover crop management practices affect phosphorus speciation in soils and eroded sediments
Authors: Gamage Kasuni H. H. , Hettiarachchi Ganga M. , Nelson Nathan O. , Roozeboom Kraig L. , Kluitenberg Gerard J. , Tomlinson Peter J. , Presley DeAnn R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAgricultural runoff often contains P in dissolved and sediment‐bound forms, decreasing surface water quality. No‐till and cover cropping conservation practices have been recommended for reducing erosion and nutrient loss from cropping systems. The overall aims of this study were to characterize and evaluate the effects of fertilizer (placement and source) and cover crop management on P speciation in surface runoff sediments and source soil. In 2014, a field‐scale experiment was established in a no‐till, corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.) cropping system with two cover crop treatments (with and without a winter crop; winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], rapeseed [Brassica napus L.], hairy vetch [Vicia villosa Roth], winter triticale [×Triticosecale Wittm.], and cereal rye [Secale cereale L.]) and three P fertilizer management treatments (no P, fall broadcast diammonium phosphate, and spring subsurface injected ammonium polyphosphate). Phosphorus fractionation in the source soil collected in the fall of 2019 and sediment samples collected throughout 2020 were analyzed using a modified sequential P extraction method to evaluate the cumulative effects of imposing the treatment factors over 5 years. The direct P speciation was done using X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. The indirect P speciation (fractionation) results showed that the management practices affected the exchangeable, organic matter‐associated, and Fe‐bound P fractions in sediments and the exchangeable and residual fractions in source soil. Direct P speciation results showed a depletion of Fe‐associated P in soil and sediment from cover crop treatment, suggesting that Fe‐associated P species were affected by cover crops. Changes in soil and runoff sediment P speciation would change the proportions and forms of soluble and particulate P in runoff sediments and may influence P bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems. Developing P fertilizer and cropping system management options with an understanding of soil P transformations helps maintain environmental sustainability.
Conservative Agriculture Based on Irrigation Increased the Connections in Inter‐Kingdom Co‐Occurrence Networks in Arid Zones of Argentina
Authors: Frene Juan Pablo , Faggioli Valeria , Covelli Julieta , Reyna Dalila , Sobrero Patricio , Gabbarini Luciano , Ferrari Alejandro , Wall Luis Gabriel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundWater is one of the most important natural resources in agricultural systems, and the adoption of irrigation systems is producing the expansion of the productive agriculture frontier in Northern Patagonia's arid zone (Argentina). It is critical to evaluate how agricultural management shapes this soil process, like soil microbial communities, nutrient transformation, and ecosystem functions.AimsFor this reason, we analyzed how converting from a semi‐arid steppe to an irrigated agricultural system based on no‐till and crop rotations impacted the soil microbiome (bacteria and fungi), focusing on the soil core microbiome and the connections between the soil members.MethodsSoil microbiota was analyzed by soil DNA amplicon sequences V3‐V4 region of 16S rRNA for bacteria and ITS1–5F region of the ITS rRNA for fungi. Soil enzymes, aggregation, and chemical properties were analyzed related to microbiota structure.ResultsOur results suggest that irrigated agriculture enhanced the connections between members but not the number of network members per se. Additionally, we were able to identify a soil core microbiome, which played an important role in the co‐occurrence networks.ConclusionsWe concluded by demonstrating the critical role that the core microbiome plays in preserving soil bacterial–fungal interactions and their influence on inter‐kingdom relationships in complex microbial soil ecosystems in the arid zones of northern Patagonia.
Shrub Encroachment Increases Deep Soil Carbon Stocks and Reduces Carbon Turnover Rates in Alpine Meadows on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Luyun , Gaire Narayan Prasad , Gao Yongheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundShrubs have been expanding on the alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau (TP).AimHowever, the effects of interactions between shrub size and soil depth on soil organic carbon (SOC) remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, we selected alpine meadows encroached by Lonicera rupicola, Potentilla fruticosa, and Caragana erinacea, establishing sampling sites across three shrub sizes (small, medium, and large) and grass patches. We then measured SOC stocks and estimated SOC turnover rates using the isotopic enrichment factor β at a soil depth of 1 m.ResultsThe results showed that all three typical expanding shrubs increased the SOC stocks, which mainly occurred in the deep soil of 20–100 cm. However, SOC stocks in the 0–10 cm layer tended to decrease with increasing shrub size, whereas the 10–20 cm layer exhibited no significant differences in SOC stocks across different vegetation types. Soils under shrubs also showed significantly higher β values compared to grass soils, particularly under large shrub patches, thus suggesting a slower SOC turnover. A positive correlation was found between β and SOC stock, indicating that the soil carbon (C) sequestration capacity of alpine meadows was enhanced after shrub expansion.ConclusionThis study emphasizes the importance of deep SOC in shrub expansion research and provides new insights into the assessment and prediction of C sink functions in alpine meadows in the context of global change.
Clinical features of magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy in children: A large, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cheng Weiwei , Lin Kai , Wang Ling , Wang Xing , Feng Yuling , Gu Zhujun , Liu Haifeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the utility of magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) in the diagnosis of pediatric gastrointestinal diseases.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted, which collected data from 1040 children (546 males and 494 females; mean age: 11.0 ± 2.6 years) who underwent MCE at Shanghai Children's Hospital between June 2017 and February 2023. Information on gastric visualization, cleanliness, examination times, lesion detection rates, and other parameters were recorded. A 2‐week follow‐up monitored capsule excretion and adverse reactions.ResultsOf the 1055 patients, 78 had difficulty swallowing the capsule, and 15 could not swallow even with assistance, which led to their exclusion. The small intestine was successfully examined in 94.5% (206 out of 218) of the 218 children who were able to proceed with the procedure. The remaining 822 underwent esophagus and stomach examinations. The average transit time of the endoscopy capsule in the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine was 5 (3, 9) s, 57.0 (29.0, 102.0) min, and 306.0 (234.0, 500.0) min. In the examined cases, complete small bowel visualization was achieved in 94.5% of the patients. The most common symptoms reported by the patients were abdominal pain (77.9%) and nausea with vomiting (13.5%). Lesion detection rates were 38.8% in the stomach, 21.1% in the duodenum, and 43.1% in the jejunoileum. No complications, such as capsule retention or intestinal obstruction, were observed.ConclusionMCE is a feasible and safe method for examining the gastric cavity and small bowel in pediatric patients.
Evaluation of metabolite profiles and neuroprotective potential in four pomegranate cultivars for Alzheimer's disease prevention
Authors: Lee Hana , Chater John M. , Heinitz Claire C. , Wang Yu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss, with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation playing crucial roles in its progression. Current treatments, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, offer limited symptomatic relief and can have side effects. With growing interest in functional foods that have fewer side effects, pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has gained attention because of its rich antioxidant content. The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of four pomegranate cultivars: ‘Wonderful’, ‘Phoenicia’, ‘Azadi’ and ‘Eversweet’. Additionally, it investigates their metabolite profiles and predicts potential bioactive compounds that could help prevent AD.RESULTSThe ‘Wonderful’ cultivar demonstrated the highest levels of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total anthocyanin content and radical scavenging activities. The AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition rates were highest in ‘Phoenicia’ and ‘Wonderful’ cultivars, suggesting potential neuroprotective effects. PC12 cell assays indicated that these cultivars significantly improved cell viability, reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, and also enhanced catalase activity. Metabolomics analysis identified 141 metabolites, with the ‘Wonderful’ cultivar showing the highest metabolite abundance. Molecular docking studies indicated that some metabolites, such as taxifolin, demonstrated strong binding affinities for AChE and BuChE, suggesting potential for AD treatment.CONCLUSIONThe ‘Wonderful’ and ‘Phoenicia’ cultivars demonstrated the most promising antioxidant and neuroprotective effects among the evaluated pomegranates, likely because of their high taxifolin content. These findings suggest that these cultivars could be valuable for developing functional foods aimed at AD prevention and treatment. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Annulus Fibrosus Repair via Interpenetration of a Non‐Woven Scaffold Supports Tissue Integration and Prevents Re‐Herniation
Authors: Ongini Esteban D. , Abdullah Mohammed , Engiles Julie B. , Orozco Brianna S. , Moehl Andrea , Peredo Ana , Mahindroo Sonal , Hilliard Rachel , Schaer Thomas P. , Mauck Robert L. , Smith Harvey E. , Farshad Mazda , Snedeker Jess G. , Gullbrand Sarah E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCurrent surgical management of intervertebral disc herniation often fails to adequately address the risk of recurrence, primarily due to the disc's limited regenerative capacity. Regenerative, biomaterial‐based approaches for tissue augmentation, while showing preclinical promise, have consistently failed to meet the extreme mechanical demands of the intervertebral disc, impeding their clinical translation.MethodsIn this study, we introduce a novel annulus repair strategy that employs the mechanical interpenetration of a non‐woven PET scaffold into intervertebral disc tissue to resist reherniation. We investigate the efficacy in preventing herniations under compression using a bovine explant model and validate its performance in a pilot in vivo study in a goat cervical spine injury model. Healing and scaffold integration are assessed over 4 weeks using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathology.ResultsWe demonstrate that this approach effectively prevents mechanically induced herniation. In vivo, the scaffold interpenetration enables biological integration at 4 weeks post‐surgery, with no evidence of scaffold migration or disc degeneration. The scaffold supports matrix deposition and cell infiltration, with no observed endplate pathologies or osteolysis.ConclusionsThese findings highlight a promising combination of biomechanical reliability and favorable histological outcomes, underscoring the potential of this technology for advancing toward human clinical applications.
Efficacy of Calcipotriol/Betamethasone Ointment in Facial Discoid Dermatosis
Authors: Murtas Alberto , Mugheddu Cristina , Pilloni Luca , Rongioletti Franco , Atzori Laura 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFacial Discoid Dermatosis (FDD) is a rare chronic skin condition characterised by persistent, annular erythematous and desquamative papules on the face. Its aetiology is unclear, making differential diagnosis challenging. Key clinical features include pink‐orange, minimally scaling lesions limited to the face, sudden onset with long‐term stability, and resistance to treatment. We report a new case of FDD in a patient in his late 30's, unresponsive to various treatments until improvement with topical calcipotriol/betamethasone ointment. A review of 22 cases reveals a female predominance and broad age range. Histopathology consistently shows hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, psoriasiform hyperplasia, follicular plugging, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Many cases, including ours, also reported the presence of abundant Demodex folliculorum.
Dilemma of Harvested Cropland and Land Degradation in Agriculture Growth: Determining the Role of Water and Green Energy Resources
Authors: Hu Hao , Luo Guangqiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTResearch has paid much attention to climate change and natural resource management while overlooking a critical area of harvested cropland, land degradation, and agricultural growth. Nonetheless, the global population is rapidly increasing, and China, as the most populated economy globally, could face the issue of land degradation and scarcity of agricultural products. It is crucial to recognize the factors determining agriculture growth in the region. In this regard, this research intends to analyze the influence of land degradation, agriculture cropland, and agricultural growth. China has increased its green energy production and consumption climate change abatement, and water utilization for industrial and agricultural purposes. Therefore, these factors are also considered along with the socioeconomic conditions and technological advancement. Covering the quarterly data from 1980Q1 to 2023Q4, this research uses time series cointegration tests, which validate the presented of long‐run association. Following the mixed order of integration on variables, this uses the autoregressive distributed lag approach. The results mention that harvested cropland, water resources, and green energy are the significant drivers of agriculture growth in the short and long run. The study recommends investing in modern agriculture technology, implementing policies to improve socioeconomic conditions, enhancing circular economy and maintaining food security.
Programmable Photonic Extreme Learning Machines
Authors: Rausell‐Campo José Roberto , Hurtado Antonio , Pérez‐López Daniel , Capmany Francoy José 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPhotonic neural networks offer a promising alternative to traditional electronic systems for machine learning accelerators due to their low latency and energy efficiency. However, the challenge of implementing the backpropagation algorithm during training has limited their development. To address this, alternative machine learning schemes, such as extreme learning machines (ELMs), are proposed. ELMs use a random hidden layer to increase the feature space dimensionality, requiring only the output layer to be trained through linear regression, thus reducing training complexity. Here, a programmable photonic extreme learning machine (PPELM) is experimentally demonstrated using a hexagonal waveguide mesh, and which enables to program directly on chip the input feature vector and the random hidden layer. This system also permits to apply the nonlinearity directly on‐chip by using the system's integrated photodetecting elements. Using the PPELM, three different complex classification tasks are solved successfully. Additionally, two techniques are also proposed and demonstrated to increase the accuracy of the models and reduce their variability using an evolutionary algorithm and a wavelength division multiplexing approach, obtaining excellent performance. These results show that programmable photonic processors may become a feasible way to train competitive machine learning models on a versatile and compact platform.
Detection of Human Cervical Cancer by Probe‐Based Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Han Tao , Qian Shuhao , Meng Jia , Zhou Lingxi , Xi Gangqin , Yang Lu , Chen Lingmei , Zhang Ling , Jiang Rushan , Wang Chuncheng , Niu Bo , Satapathi Soumitra , Zhang Jin , He Chao , Sun Ke , Zhuo Shuangmu , Ding Zhihua , Liu Zhiyi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMost cervical cancers develop from squamous cells in the exocervix followed by stromal invasion, which alters the organization and morphology of collagen fibers. Therefore, morpho‐structural remodeling of collagen fibers is closely associated with cancer progression. Collagen‐based cancer detection requires not only techniques capable of qualified large‐depth imaging but also computational sensitivity to extract subtle changes. Here, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is applied to collagen fibers in the exocervix. High‐quality imaging into deep stroma is guaranteed by an all‐fiber probe designed to have an extended depth of focus through the formation of the quasi‐Bessel focusing beam. Collagen fibers provide dominant scattering signals in OCT images, and volume information is utilized to establish an optical biomarker reflecting variation gradient in fiber alignment and crimping. Detection of cervical cancer with a multi‐parametric method is then evaluated by ex vivo imaging of human specimens and in vivo imaging of a murine model harboring human cervical cancer. Finally, the tumor potential index (TPI) is proposed by merging multiple metrics. The TPI map provides an intuitive illustration of cancer risk, which may guide clinicians more accurately to the correct location for biopsy.
Weighted Bourgain–Morrey‐Besov–Triebel–Lizorkin spaces associated with operators
Authors: Bai Tengfei , Xu Jingshi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLet be a space of homogeneous type and be a nonnegative self‐adjoint operator on satisfying a Gaussian upper bound on its heat kernel. First, we obtain the boundedness of the Hardy–Littlewood maximal function and its variant on weighted Bourgain–Morrey spaces. The Hardy‐type inequality on sequence Bourgain–Morrey spaces are also given. Then, we introduce the weighted homogeneous Bourgain–Morrey Besov spaces and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces associated with the operator . We obtain characterizations of these spaces in terms of Peetre maximal functions, noncompactly supported functional calculus, and heat kernel. Atomic decompositions and molecular decompositions of weighted homogeneous Bourgain–Morrey Besov spaces and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces are also proved. Finally, we apply our results to prove the boundedness of the fractional power of and the spectral multiplier of on Bourgain–Morrey Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces.
SPP1 Promotes NSCLC Brain Metastasis Via Sequestration of Ubiquitin Ligase RNF114 to Facilitate P85α Ubiquitination
Authors: Li Xiaoqin , Wu Yun , Xie Baosong , Xu Mingxiao , Xie Tianjian , Yue Wenxiang , Lin Ming , Lin Ying , Chen Yusheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBrain metastasis (BM) is a significant factor contributing to the poor prognosis of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is implicated in the progression and metastasis of several cancers. The role of SPP1 in NSCLC remains unclear, especially in NSCLC BM. This study aimed to identify genes associated with NSCLC BM and to investigate the involvement of SPP1 in NSCLC BM. Integrated genomic analysis was utilized to identify candidate genes in NSCLC. The expression levels of SPP1 were evaluated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to assess the effect of SPP1 on NSCLC cell behavior and BM. The potential mechanisms of SPP1 were demonstrated by CO‐IP and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). The underlying mechanism involving the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was explored. The results showed that SPP1 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Depletion of SPP1 using shRNA inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and suppressed BM in vivo. Mechanistically, SPP1 facilitates the ubiquitination of P85α by interacting with the ubiquitin ligase RNF114, thus playing a role in regulating NSCLC BM through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, immunohistochemistry staining confirmed higher expression of SPP1 in NSCLC tissues with BM compared to those without BM. In summary, elevated SPP1 expression was associated with poor clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients. This study highlights the role of SPP1 as a regulator of cell metastasis and suggests its potential as a novel therapeutic target for BM in NSCLC.