bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bringing Race to the Center
Authors: Edwards Korie L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter investigates interracial churches' participation in extra‐religious activities, paying particular attention to the ways in which they address issues of race and racial inequality. Findings suggest that interracial churches are no more or less inclined to participate in political, community, or race‐related activities than white churches. And they are less likely than black churches to participate in activities that have been shown to be racially salient, namely race or ethnicity focused activities and political activities. Furthermore, when interracial churches do participate in these kinds of activities, they are marginal to church life and avoid addressing the structural consequences of race.
The National Problem
Authors: Scheindlin Raymond P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHalevi’s work is partly a reaction to the deteriorating political and intellectual conditions of the time, the former undermining the Jewish claim to a special covenant with God, and the latter portraying individual religions as mere social contrivances. The Kuzari grounds Jewish claims to special status on their gift for prophecy. In Halevi’s poetry, this status is expressed in themes of competition with Christianity and Islam. (The claim of Israel’s superiority complicated Halevi’s attitude toward Arabic-style Hebrew poetry, which he came to see as debasing the holy tongue; he probably did not, however, vow to abstain from writing poetry.) Halevi wrote extensive poetry dealing with the messianic redemption. But his pilgrimage was not a messianic gesture; rather, it reflects his embrace of quietism, the national counterpart to the theme of trust in God so prominent in his personal poetry. The chapter concludes with three poems that exemplify these themes.
Cairo
Authors: Scheindlin Raymond P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLate in 1140, Halevi and Ḥalfon traveled to Fustat/Cairo, Halevi exclaiming in verse about the thrill of nearing the place once inhabited by Moses and the ancient Israelites. Halevi considered whether to travel to Palestine overland or to return to Alexandria and complete his journey by ship. He visited Samuel ben Ḥanania and exchanged formal Hebrew epistles with Nathan ben Samuel, his secretary, including a poem surprisingly erotic for a pilgrim and raising again the problematic religious status of poetry. Halevi reported to Aaron Ibn al-’Ammānī in Alexandria on his meeting with the Nagid. An Alexandrian correspondent informed Halevi that Ibn al-’Ammānī had circulated Halevi’s poems to him, arousing envy of him and hostility toward Halevi.
Alexandria Again
Authors: Scheindlin Raymond P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBack in Alexandria, Halevi was accused before the Islamic court of withholding money entrusted to him on behalf of a Jewish apostate in order to coerce the apostate to return to Judaism; Halevi escaped punishment thanks to legal maneuvering and powerful friends. Soon thereafter he embarked, but had to wait on board six days before the winds permitted him to sail. A letter from al-Andalus arrived, notifying Halevi that another member of the Ibn Ezra family had decided to travel east; Halevi deposited a valuable piece of cloth with a friend to be held for this relative’s arrival. Halevi’s ship sailed on May 14, 1141; letters written later that year permit the inference that he reached Palestine and died shortly thereafter.
Argumentation
Authors: Scheindlin Raymond P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHalevi justifies his journey to himself and others in four poems. In the first poem, he reproaches himself for worldliness and urges himself to put his ideas of trust in God to the test. In the second poem, he disputes the contention that the Holy Land has lost its sacredness since the Jews were exiled by asserting that it will be the locus of resurrection of the dead and by unleashing his famous tirade against Greek philosophy. The third poem is a reply to someone who attempted to persuade him to stay in Egypt on the grounds that it, too, was the site of miracles for the Jewish people. The last poem is a long internal monologue in which he responds to friends who objected not only to his pilgrimage but to his whole turn from worldliness to piety.
Crisis Management in a Complex World
Authors: Gilpin Dawn R. , Murphy Priscilla J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractManagers, business owners, public relations practitioners, and others grapple daily with issues that have the potential to radically redefine the reputation of a person, company, or industry. They confront a fundamental question about contemporary crisis management: to what extent is it possible to control events and stakeholder responses to them, in order to contain escalating crises or safeguard an organization's reputation? This book addresses this question head-on. This book operates from a strong theoretical orientation. This book pairs real-world examples from across the globe with theory-based analysis to show why simplification often fails to alleviate crises, and can even intensify them. The book proposes a complexity-based approach to organizational learning that can allow organizations to adapt quickly to changing circumstances.
Theories of Complexity
Authors: Gilpin Dawn R. , Murphy Priscilla J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter defines major concepts in complexity theory, giving an overview of its foundations and describing the most important theoretical perspectives currently being explored. It links complexity with crisis management, laying out the approach that will guide the discussion in the remainder of this book. It discusses the seven principles of complex systems: interacting agents, adaptability, self-organization, instability, influence of history, permeable boundaries, and irreducibility. It then presents the three approaches to complexity theory: reductionist complexity science, soft complexity science, and complexity-based thinking.
Conclusion
Authors: Gilpin Dawn R. , Murphy Priscilla J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter discusses principles that an organization can adopt if it regards itself as a learning organization and sees its relationships as part of a complex adaptive system that changes through continuous interactions within itself and its context. It cites two types of change relevant in crisis management: the gradual diffusion of local change and an avalanche of pent-up disturbance. It recommends a paradigm shift for crisis management in which uncertainty, adaptiveness, and improvization replace certainty, goal orientation, and control.
Introduction
Authors: Bruder Edith 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the increasing number of ethnic groups throughout Africa claiming a Jewish, or Hebrew, or Israelite ancestry. It then lays out the main objective of the book, which is to review the processes and the complex interactions that shaped these new religious identities in Africa. The factors influencing African Jews' religious identities are discussed. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
The Lost Tribes of Israel
Authors: Bruder Edith 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter explores the prehistory of African Judaism, focusing on the lost tribes of Israel. According to the Bible, the tribes of the kingdom of Israel's northern part were exiled in the 8th century BC, at which time they disappeared from the stage of history. Over time, a belief based on the Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel prophecies took hold of the Jewish imagination, whereby the idea developed and survived: one day the Ten Tribes would be reunited, and this event would prefigure the messianic era. For more than 2,000 years, Jews, Christians, and Muslims attached fundamental importance to the fate of these tribes and speculated on their exile and return. Theologians and exegetes, ancient and modern historians and geographers, ethnographers and missionaries of varied beliefs, and more recently geneticists contributed — through constructions, deconstructions, and imbrications — to the edification of the colossal and shifting knowledge of the Ten Tribes.
Jewish Accounts and Christian Traditions
Authors: Bruder Edith 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the myth of the Lost Tribes. It argues that from the earliest times to the first conquests, the myth of the Lost Tribes and its plasticity gave weight to the world of interrelated representations, commonplace and stereotyped images, for laying out supposedly historical realities. The mental perception that resulted divided the world into categories in terms of these stereotypes. The myth gave birth, throughout these centuries, to a tendency to invoke the “Lost Tribes” to make sense of any unknown population. Isaiah's and Ezekiel's prophecies predicting the return of the tribes from the land of Kush provided an authoritative infrastructure for all future speculation concerning the presence of the Ten Tribes in Africa.
The Mythography of Africa
Authors: Bruder Edith 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter argues that people in the early medieval times knew almost nothing Africa and Africans. Through geographical errors and confusion between India and Ethiopian Africa, biblical traditions about the presence of Jews in the land of the Son of Kush, the legend of Solomon and the queen of Sheba, and the location of Ophir in Africa came to be set pieces in the repertoire of Jewish and Christian ethnography of Africa.
Blacks and Jews the Archetypal “Others”
Authors: Bruder Edith 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter explores encounters between European and non-European that raises questions of “difference” and “otherness”. It argues that Europeans, when absorbing the newly discovered lands in America, Africa, and the Pacific, both shaped and distorted to their liking the image of the “other.” The long history of blackness as a common denominator of the inferiority of Africans as well as Jews in Western culture is discussed.
African Jews in Western and Central Africa
Authors: Bruder Edith 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This chapter surveys various groups in western and central Africa that self-proclaimed a Jewish identity. These include the Zakhor Jews of Timbuktu, Mali; the Igbo of Nigeria; the House of Israel of Ghana; the The Tutsi-Hebrews of Havilah; and the Cape Verde-Israel Friendship Society.
1 From the Blue Planet to Google Earth
Authors: Heise Ursula K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter traces environmentalist visions of the planet from the 1960s to the present. In the 1960s and 1970s, environmentalist thought combined utopian visions of global ecological connectedness with fears of world-wide corporate domination; as the extremes of both visions vanished, they were gradually replaced by the perceptions of ongoing risk and uncertainty summarized in Beck's concept of the “risk society.” These ambivalent views of the global translated into a strong emphasis on a “sense of place” in U.S. environmentalism that has persisted to this day, ultimately because it is consonant with a long tradition of defining American identity in terms of mobility that sees local rootedness as a cultural antidote. The chapter proposes the concept of “eco-cosmopolitanism,” derived from connections between ecocriticism and recent theories of transnational identity, as a more suitable way of thinking about environmental commitment today, and suggests that the zooming techniques enabled by recent digital technologies provide a material instantiation of such cosmopolitan connections between local, national, regional, and global perspectives. In literature and art, these connections tend to be represented by combinations of allegory or epic with modernist and postmodernist techniques of fragmentation, montage, and collage, as shown in some exemplary analyses.
2 Among the Everywheres
Authors: Heise Ursula K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBuilding on Ch. 1, this chapter analyzes scientific texts, novels, films and poems between the 1960s and the 1990s that explore the relationship between local, national, and global forms of identity and community through portrayals of population growth and urban spaces. Works from the 1960s and 1970s represent “overpopulation” in the form of urban crowding that forces individuals to remain confined to the local. Works from the 1990s, by contrast, such as David Brin’s science fiction novel Earth or John Cage’s poem “Overpopulation and Art,” imagine in sometimes utopian fashion how digital technologies open up virtual spaces that span the globe and enable new kinds of identity and community. The more recent texts highlight how the experience of virtual spaces has come to form part of living in local places, and thereby highlight the necessity of integrating such mediated experiences into environmentalist theories of inhabitation. They also provide innovative narrative and lyrical solutions to the formal problem of how to represent global connectedness in literary texts.
3 Adventures in the Global Amazon
Authors: Heise Ursula K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter, building on Ch. 1, explores how a sense of globally connected places develops from innovative aesthetic techniques in two works that focus on the Amazon rainforest as an icon of environmentalist concern. German installation artist Lothar Baumgarten’s experimental nature documentary The Origin of the Night: Amazon Cosmos presents images and sounds that ostensibly portray the Brazilian jungle, but are revealed as images of the river Rhine in Germany at the end of the film. The superimposition of the two landscapes generates a complex reflection on global interconnectedness. Japanese American novelist Karen Tei Yamashita’s novel Through the Arc of the Rainforest revolves around a mysterious substance discovered in the Brazilian jungle that becomes the point of departure for global business and media ventures and is ultimately revealed to be geologically transformed First-World trash. Yamashita’s thematic focus on a local place transformed by the global, as well as her combination of Latin American techniques derived from the work of Mário de Andrade and Gabriel García Márquez with North American postmodernist strategies, create a narrative world that links the local, national, and global realms in innovative ways. Both works aim to create an “eco-cosmopolitan” awareness of global cultural and ecological spaces.
Gossip, Letters, Phones
Authors: Schantz Ned 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFor over two hundred years of narrative culture, when female characters try to get together, crazy things happen. Indeed, the greater the means at women’s disposal, the more severe and twisted is the anxious reaction. But behind this broad anxiety lurks a powerful ideal of sympathetic and strategic female networks, an ideal that takes its intimate shape from the expectations of communications media, and that underwrites the very culture that would deny it. The book examines novelistic culture from the British novel to Hollywood film as a series of responses to the threat and promise of female networks. In texts from Clarissa, Emma, and The Portrait of a Lady to Sorry, Wrong Number, Vertigo, and You’ve Got Mail, it argues that a recurring gothic nightmare haunts plots of courtship and marriage, and that the concept of female networks illuminates the exits, for culture and criticism alike. And while this study must of necessity visit an uncanny realm of lost messages and false suitors, telepathy and artificial intelligence, locked rooms and time-traveling stalkers, these occult concerns only confirm the power at stake in the most basic modes of female communication, in gossip, letters, and phones.
Gossip and the Novel
Authors: Schantz Ned 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWith attention to major incarnations of the British novel, this chapter positions gossip as the central, disavowed source of interest in novelistic discourse. Reading Emma and The Portrait of a Lady closely, it tracks the seduction of the reader into gendered habits of scapegoating and sadism that characterize gossip at its worst. To counteract these dynamics, the chapter mobilizes untapped textual resources toward a more generous feminist mode of gossip, and thereby challenges conventional assumptions about character and plot from the status of Mrs. Elton to the fate of Isabel Archer.
The Space of Crime
Authors: Schantz Ned 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter considers how a cultural insistence on confined space emerges in direct proportion to the manifest range or intensity of female networking. Beginning with the tradition of the locked room mystery and its disturbing misogynistic tendencies, the chapter analyses the isolating effects of technologies from telephones to e-mail when deployed in the name of romance or safety. A brief philosophical detour yields a curious opportunity in the epistemology of artificial intelligence as established by the so-called Turing Test, where the locked room required by the test’s controls creates an unanticipated space of gender ambiguity and desire. This dynamic returns in the pseudonymous e-mail choreography of You’ve got Mail, only to be shut down by gothic forces in thin disguise. The chapter comes finally to consider the gendered inversion of space in Bound as an impressive, if still troubling, escape from the space of crime.
Time Stalkers
Authors: Schantz Ned 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis chapter identifies the isolating effects of stalkers on female figures, emphasizing the temporal isolation accomplished through the control of storage media such as tape recorders and answering machines that would otherwise connect the heroines to a vital past of female networks. Following the stalker through two pairs of films: The Terminator and Klute, then Blade Runner and Vertigo, it becomes clear that this abuse of the past constitutes criminal necrophilia. This necrophilia will nonetheless be relentlessly projected back onto the heroines, whose female networks will be figured in various ways as morbid simulation. At stake is always the cultural verdict on the modern city, a city seen as fraught with female independence and male shame.
Epilogue: Radio-Free Middlemarch
Authors: Schantz Ned 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis thought experiment attempts to liberate Middlemarch from a predictable place in the novelistic culture of gossip, mobilizing the question of anachronism to locate the novel on the threshold of modern sound technology. Indeed, listening to Middlemarch with an ear for this coming future reveals an astonishing discourse of necrophilia, black magic, and resilient, time-traveling female networks. Installing the figure of radio as a bridge to our own moment, the epilogue thereby moves to reclaim the lost futures of the Victorian past as a resource for feminism.
When the Immune System Is the Problem, Not the Solution: Microbial Immunopathology
Authors: Clark William R. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The immune response to microbal infection is massive and brutal — it has to be. But on occasion, particularly when an initial infection is not rapidly cleared, the ongoing immune attack against invaders can cause significant collateral damage to otherwise healthy self cells and tissues. This damage is refered to as immunopathology. This chapter examines three examples of immunopathology: tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, and bacterial sepsis.
When the Wall Comes Tumbling Down: HIV/AIDS
Authors: Clark William R. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
AIDS presents one of the greatest medical and scientific challenges of the past sixty years. This chapter examines AIDS as a medical problem, as a problem in virology, and from an immunological point of view. Current approaches to dealing with AIDS have dramatically improved survival rates, but long-term survival has not been achieved. Treatments are hugely expensive, have unacceptable side effects, and have had minimal impact outside of first-world countries. The chapter thus also looks at future directions for AIDS research, including gene-therapy approaches, and DNA-based vaccines.
When the Wall Comes Tumbling Down: Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases
Authors: Clark William R. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
AIDS provides an example of destruction of the adaptive immune system by an external agent, HIV. But immune function can also be disrupted by natural mutations in any of the hundreds of genes that underlie operation of the immune system, from genes that direct assembly of antibodies and cytokines or their receptors, to genes that guide production and maturation of immune system cells. The result is primary immunodeficiency disease. One category of these diseases (severe combined immunodeficiency disease: SCID) even produces newborns that are, in effect, tiny AIDS patients. This chapter presents research directions that may lead to better management of these diseases.
The Immune System and Cancer
Authors: Clark William R. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Cancers arise as a result of mutations in genes controlling cell division. They may well arise in the body on a fairly frequent basis. Most or all cancers display information on their surface that should make them seem foreign; the rare tumors that emerge have somehow escaped detection by the immune system. Immune surveillance of tumors is largely the job of T cells and a specialized cell called the NK (natural killer) cell. Our improved understanding of the interaction between tumor cells and the immune system has led to promising possibilities for treating cancer in the future, including forms of gene therapy and DNA-based cancer vaccines.
Holiness and Ministry
Authors: Dozeman Thomas B 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This book is an initial response to the call of the World Council of Churches for renewed theological reflection on the biblical roots of ordination to strengthen the vocational identity of the ordained and to provide a framework for ecumenical dialogue. It is grounded in the assumption that the vocation of ordination requires an understanding of holiness and how it functions in human religious experience. The goal is to construct a biblical theology of ordination, embedded in broad reflection on the nature of holiness. The study of holiness and ministry interweaves three methodologies. First, the history of religions describes two theories of holiness in the study of religion — as a dynamic force and as a ritual resource — which play a central role in biblical literature and establish the paradigm of ordination to Word and Sacrament in Christian tradition. Second, the study of the Moses in the Pentateuch and the formation of the Mosaic office illustrate the ways in which the two views of holiness model ordination to the prophetic word and to the priestly ritual. And, third, canonical criticism provides the lens to explore the ongoing influence of the Mosaic office in the New Testament literature.
Holiness and the Ordination to Sacramental Rituals in the Priestly Literature and in the New Testament
Authors: Dozeman Thomas B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe theology of holiness in the priestly literature is described in order to interpret the ordination to sacramental ritual as modeled by Moses. The research of J. Milgrom on holiness as a ritual resource will guide the study of Moses. The chapter includes an interpretation of the literary structure, the view of divine transcendence, and the way in which holiness invades the profane world through the sacramental fire of the glory of Yahweh in the priestly literature, as well as the influence of the priestly view of Moses in the New Testament literature.