bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open drainage and delayed autogenous cancellous bone grafting for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in dogs and cats
Authors: Bardet J. F. , Hohn R. B. , Basinger R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten dogs and 1 cat with 12 chronically infected bones were treated surgically by means of saucerization, primary internal or external rigid fixation, and open irrigation drainage. After formation of a healthy granulation bed, autogenous cancellous bone grafting and skin closure were performed. Eleven of 12 bones healed 4 to 7 weeks (mean, 4.8 weeks) after treatment, without recurrence of infection. Eight of 12 chronically infected bones had a polymicrobial infection, with 2 to 6 bacterial species isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 7 of the 12 bones, and anaerobic bacteria were isolated twice.
Effect of levamisole on induced bovine viral diarrhea
Authors: Saperstein G. , Mohanty S. B. , Rockemann D. D. , Russek E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The effect of levamisole in calves experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus was evaluated in a double-blind study. The infection was mild and there was no difference in severity of infection or speed of recovery between levamisole-treated and 0.9% NaCl solution-treated (control) calves. Also, the serum antibody titers and viral recovery data of these calves were comparable. The white blood cell counts were consistently higher in the treated group than in the control group, with the difference peaking on postinoculation day 15. The detection of marked lymphopenia in control calves but not in levamisole-treated calves indicated a potential use of levamisole in bovine viral diarrhea.
Isolation of Corynebacterium suis from the prepuce of boars
Authors: Pijoan C. , Lastra A. , Leman A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A survey for prevalence of Corynebacterium suis infection in boars was conducted on a Minnesota farm and at a slaughter plant. Preputial swab specimens were streaked onto Columbia colistin-nalidixic blood agar to which metronidazole (50 mg/L) had been added. Of 97 boars surveyed at a slaughterhouse, 32 (32.9%) were culture-positive, whereas 23 of 38 (60.5%) boars from 1 farm were culture-positive. The lower isolation rate at a slaughterhouse was attributed to the fact that these boars ejaculated before sampling.
Serodiagnosis of western equine encephalitis virus infections: Relationships of antibody titer and test to observed onset of clinical illness
Authors: Calisher Charles H. , Emerson John K. , Muth David J. , Lazuick John S. , Monath Thomas P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sera from horses and human beings with clinically diagnosed western equine encephalitis (wee) virus infections were tested for hemagglutination-inhibition (hi), complement-fixation (cf), and neutralizing (n) antibody to wee virus. These tests confirmed infection in 43.8% (hi), 56.3% (cf), and 80.4% (n) of horses and 54.5% (hi), 59.1% (cf), and 77.3% (n) of human beings. Use of the n test as an adjunct to the hi and cf tests increased the likelihood of serologic confirmation to 91.7%. In both horses and human beings, n antibody increased steeply at the end of the 1st week after onset. The results suggested that the presence of a high hi, cf, and/or n antibody titer in a single serum obtained from horses during the acute phase of illness caused by wee virus can be used as presumptive evidence for infection with this virus.
Long-acting oxytetracycline for control of induced Pasteurella multocida rhinitis in swine
Authors: Goiś M. , Farrington D. O. , Barnes H. J. , Ross R. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A long-acting Oxytetracycline formulation was evaluated for control of rhinitis induced experimentally in pigs with a capsular type A, toxin-negative, low-passage strain of Pasteurella multocida. The pigs were 6 to 7 weeks old and were naturally infected with Haemophilus parasuis. The H parasuis infection was thought to predispose to establishment of P multocida in the nasal cavity. A long-acting Oxytetracycline formulation was given im at the rate of 20 mg/kg, 4 times at 5-day intervals. Medication reduced (P<0.05) the severity of turbinate atrophy and the proportion of pigs with P multocida and H parasuis in their nasal cavities. Numbers of colonies of P multocida and H parasuis isolated were also less in medicated pigs.
Factors affecting mortality in finishing pigs
Authors: Straw Barbara E. , Neubauer Gary D. , Leman Allen D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two groups of finishing pigs at a test station were studied to test the effect of initial weight, weight change in the 1st week, age, breed, and distance the pig was transported on mortality. Total mortality was 5.3% in 1 group and 6.3% in the other group. Specific causes of death were pneumonia (24.7%), gastric ulceration (14.0%), enteritis (6.4%), trauma (4.3%), gastrointestinal displacement (4.3%), rectal stricture (3.2%), porcine stress syndrome (3.2%), and brain abscess (2.2%). Other categories for cause of death were miscellaneous (6.5%), and undiagnosed (31.2%). More pigs died in the last 6 weeks of the 18-week finishing period than in the 1st 6 weeks (P < 0.05). Death rates were not significantly different between pigs that lost weight and pigs that maintained or gained weight during the 1st week after arrival at the test station. The mean transportation distance to the test station was not significantly different between pigs that died and pigs that survived. Transportation distance was not correlated with mean daily gain. The death rate was significantly (P<0.03) higher for Yorkshire pigs than for crossbred, Poland China, Hampshire, and Duroc pigs, and it was significantly (P<0.01) higher for Berkshire, Spot, and Chester White pigs than for Hampshire and Duroc pigs.
Bur buttercup poisoning of sheep
Authors: Olsen J. D. , Anderson T. E. , Murphy J. C. , Madsen Gary 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bur buttercup (Ceratocephalus testiculatus) has not been considered to be poisonous, but the sudden death loss of 150 ewes while grazing it prompted study of the plant. It was found that bur buttercup can be highly toxic to sheep, with a lethal dose being as little as 500 g of green plant for a 45-kg sheep.
Clinical signs of bur buttercup poisoning are weakness, depression, diarrhea, labored breathing, anorexia, and occasional fever. Postmortem findings include infiammation and edema of the rumen; hemorrhage in the left ventricle of the heart; congestion of the lungs, liver, and kidneys; and excessive fluid in the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Cerebellar degeneration in dairy calves: Clinical, pathologic, and serologic features of an epizootic caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Wilson T. M. , deLahunta A. , Confer L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three of nine dairy calves born in the spring/summer were severely ataxic at birth. Necropsy of the 3 affected calves revealed severe cerebellar degeneration (hypoplasia). Clinical signs were inapparent in the adult cows. Serum neutralization titers of the cows and calves indicated high bovine viral diarrhea titers.
Evaluation of laparoscopy for obtaining renal biopsy specimens from dogs and cats
Authors: Grauer G. F. , Twedt D. C. , Mero K. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Laparoscopic direction of renal biopsy was evaluated in 37 dogs and 1 cat suspected of having renal disease. Specimens adequate for morphologic diagnosis were obtained in 37 cases (97%). Eleven of the 38 animals were necropsied and the biopsy diagnosis was confirmed in 10 of the cases (91%). Excessive pericapsular hemorrhage and severe hematuria developed in 1 dog. Three dogs (8%) had macroscopic hematuria for 24 hours after biopsy.
Mastitis caused by hemolytic Escherichia coli in the ferret
Authors: Liberson A. J. , Newcomer C. E. , Ackerman J. I. , Murphy J. C. , Fox J. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hemolytic Escherichia coli was isolated from the mammary glands of 8 ferrets with gangrenous mastitis. Clinical signs included firm swelling of one or more mammary glands and discoloration of the overlying skin. Peracute disease and acute septicemia were observed, and in some cases the animals rapidly became moribund. Antibiotic therapy alone did not alter the course of the disease. Wide surgical resection of the involved glands in combination with systemic antibiotic therapy (ampicillin 10 mg/kg, bid, and gentamicin 5 mg/kg, sid) was the most successful treatment. Histopathologic changes included extensive edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis, with a mixed leukocytic infiltrate and large numbers of bacteria. The agent of this disease was isolated from rectal swab specimens from clinically normal ferrets as well as ferrets that had mastitis.
Defining and measuring exposure in epidemiologic studies of potential zoonoses
Authors: Kranz Janet M. Scarlett 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Articles suggesting the zoonotic potential of certain human diseases (eg, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and leukemia) periodically appear in the literature and frequently receive considerable attention in the popular press. Although various epidemiologic study designs have been utilized to test these hypotheses, defining and accurately measuring animal exposure has been a problem common to most of these studies and in some instances has limited their usefulness. The relative strengths and limitations of the definitions and measurements used most commonly by investigators evaluating potential zoonoses are discussed. In addition, several recommendations for assessing animal exposure in future studies are made.
Neuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus in the cat
Authors: Kramek Betty A. , Moise N. Sydney , Cooper Barry , Raffe Marc R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Distal polyneuropathy was associated with diabetes mellitus in 7 cats. Clinical signs relative to the neuropathy included a plantigrade stance, depressed patellar reflexes, hindlimb weakness, and poor postural reactions. Electromyography demonstrated reduced conduction velocity in the sciatic and ulnar nerves in 3 cats. A total of 5 cats had abatement of clinical signs following insulin therapy and blood glucose regulation or after resolution of the diabetes mellitus.
Iodine toxicosis in six herds of dairy cattle
Authors: Olson W. G. , Stevens J. B. , Anderson J. , Haggard D. W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Daily iodine intake estimated to range from >68 to 600 mg/animal/day was associated with signs referable to iodine intoxication in adult cows in 6 herds of dairy cattle. Signs were reversed by lowering supplemental intake to less than 12 mg/animal/day. Results of biochemical tests other than those for serum and milk iodine were not diagnostic. Serum iodine concentrations were 2.6 to 6.9 times the mean iodine concentration found in 12 control cows, each receiving 12 mg of iodine/day. Milk iodine concentrations were 3.6 to 13.6 times milk iodine concentrations in the control cows.
Compromised hepatic function in dogs treated with anticonvulsant drugs
Authors: Bunch S. E. , Baldwin B. H. , Hornbuckle W. E. , Tennant B. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hepatic function tests were performed on 48 dogs that had been given primidone, phenytoin, or a combination of anticonvulsant drugs for 6 months or longer. Except for histories of seizures, 44 of the dogs were healthy at the time the tests were performed. Abnormal test results were observed most frequently in dogs given only primidone and in dogs given combinations of anticonvulsant drugs. The test results that were abnormal most often were those for alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and sulfobromophthalein excretion. The dosage of anticonvulsant drug was found to modify certain test results. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the dosage of primidone and serum alanine transaminase activity and between the dosage of phenytoin and serum alkaline phosphatase activity.
Four of the dogs were examined because of signs of weakness and anorexia and 2 also had ascites. Three of the 4 dogs were euthanatized 2 to 49 days after admission with clinical signs compatible with hepatic failure, and cirrhosis of the liver was confirmed at necropsy. The fourth dog died at home and was not necropsied. Four of the remaining 44 dogs that apparently were healthy at the time of examination had abnormalities in hepatic biochemical test results that were comparable with those in the 4 dogs with clinical illness.
We concluded that, although results of hepatic biochemical tests frequently may be abnormal in dogs given anticonvulsant drugs long-term, severe hepatic injury is observed less often. On the basis of these observations, we estimate the proportion of dogs with serious abnormalities in hepatic function associated with extended anticonvulsant drug therapy to be between 6% (3 of 48) and 14.6% (7 of 48).
Myocardial function in small dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation and severe congestive heart failure
Authors: Kittleson Mark D. , Eyster George E. , Knowlen Grant G. , Olivier N. Bari , Anderson Lorel K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Systolic myocardial function was assessed in 16 dogs with severe congestive heart failure due to chronic mitral valve fibrosis. End-systolic diameters were measured on echocardiograms and end-systolic volume indices were calculated. Thirteen of the 16 dogs (81%) had normal or only mildly abnormal myocardial function. These data suggested that myocardial failure is not a prominent factor contributing to signs of heart failure in dogs with mitral regurgitation. Because of these data, the routine use of digitalis glycosides to increase cardiac contractility is seriously questioned in dogs with heart failure secondary to chronic mitral regurgitation.
Cardiac arrhythmias associated with multiple trauma in dogs
Authors: Macintire Douglass K. , Snider Theron G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Premature ventricular contractions and ventricular tachycardia were detected in 10 dogs 1 to 48 hours after trauma. All dogs were treated aggressively if the arrhythmias became severe. One dog died, 8 were discharged with stable cardiac rhythm, and 1 was euthanatized. Necropsy revealed gross and microscopic lesions of acute myocardial necrosis, probably of ischemic origin. Cardiac arrhythmias were associated with thoracic trauma, neurologic injury, severe shock, and/or extensive tissue trauma.
Endocarditis of the aortic valve in the dog
Authors: Sisson David , Thomas William P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The clinical features of endocarditis of the aortic valve in 24 dogs were reviewed. This condition was found most commonly in large-breed, middle-aged male dogs. Evidence of antecedent infection or immunosuppression was usually not historically verified or found at necropsy. However, an association with congenital heart disease, especially discrete subaortic stenosis, was demonstrated. The most frequent clinical findings were systolic and diastolic murmurs and bounding arterial pulses, with or without signs of congestive heart failure. The most commonly isolated organisms were Corynebacterium sp, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and Streptococcus sp. In addition to antibiotic therapy, treatment for congestive heart failure often was required. Despite aggressive therapy, most affected dogs died as a result of congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, infarction, sepsis, or renal failure.
Serum concentrations and efficacy of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and primidone in canine epilepsy
Authors: Farnbach George C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Serum concentrations, drug dosages, and seizure control were monitored in 142 dogs on a variety of anticonvulsant treatment regimens, using phenytoin, primidone, and phenobarbital. In 1 of 77 dogs receiving phenytoin, seizures were controlled with a serum concentration of 2.3 µg/ml. In 20 of 42 dogs receiving phenobarbital, seizures were controlled with serum concentrations ranging from 14.3 to 43.1 µg/ml. In 12 of 23 dogs given primidone, seizures were controlled with similar concentrations of phenobarbital derived from the primidone. Of the dogs in which seizures were uncontrolled by either of these 2 agents, a large proportion had serum phenobarbital concentrations that appeared to be inadequate in spite of what was considered adequate dosage. Further, for dogs given phenobarbital, there was a sixfold variation between dosage and achieved serum concentration, whereas dogs given primidone manifested even greater variability between dosage and serum concentration. This underscores the need for serum concentration monitoring as an adjunct to any drug protocol in seizure control since effectiveness is correlated far better with serum concentrations than with oral dosage. On the basis of these findings, a rational approach to the pharmacologic control of seizures in epileptic dogs was devised.
Vascular neoplasia in the skin of horses
Authors: Hargis A. M. , McElwain T. F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Of 21 vascular tumors in equine skin, 18 were histologically benign (hemangiomas) and 3 were malignant (hemangiosarcomas). Of the 18 hemangiomas, 12 were in horses ≤ 1 year old, and 6 of these horses were born with the lesions. The 3 horses with hemangiosarcomas ranged from 8.5 to 13 years of age.
Long-term results and complications of proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis in horses
Authors: Martin G. S. , McIlwraith C. W. , Turner A. S. , Nixon A. J. , Stashak T. S. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A retrospective study was made of 21 horses in which proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis had been performed. The right hindlimb was the most often affected (52%). Acute trauma was the most common reason for performing the surgery (62%). Follow-up data were obtained from the owners regarding return to serviceability. When available, follow-up radiographs and clinical examinations were reviewed.
Of the 20 horses on which follow-up information was available, 16 were serviceable. Of the horses in which a hindlimb was arthrodesed, 86% were serviceable, whereas 67% of the horses affected in the forelimb were serviceable. An average of 1 year was required for return to serviceability. Follow-up radiography of forelimb cases revealed radiographic changes consistent with navicular disease, distal interphalangeal degenerative joint disease, and a bony exostosis off the dorsal surface of the third phalanx; however, these radiographic changes did not correlate well with the owner's assessment of serviceability. Follow-up clinical examination of forelimb cases revealed 2 horses in which the toe came off the ground during weight bearing.
Vitamin K3-induced renal toxicosis in the horse
Authors: Rebhun William C. , Tennant B. C. , Dill Stephen G. , King John M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Renal toxicosis attributable to vitamin K3 (menadione sodium bisulfite) was suspected in 5 young adult horses in which acute renal failure developed following parenteral administration of vitamin K3 at the manufacturers' recommended dosages. Renal disease was subsequently induced experimentally in 5 of 6 horses by administration of vitamin K3 at manufacturers' recommended dosages. Signs of renal disease in the clinical patients as well as in the horses treated experimentally included renal colic, hematuria, azotemia, and electrolyte abnormalities consistent with acute renal failure. Two clinical patients and 3 experimental horses were subsequently necropsied and found to have lesions of renal tubular nephrosis.
Accidental monensin sodium intoxication of feedlot cattle
Authors: Schweitzer D. , Kimberling C. , Spraken T. , Sterner F. E. , McChesney A. E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Of 1,994 yearling and 2-year-old cattle in a winter feeding program, 117 died within 42 days of being fed toxic amounts of monensin sodium in a liquid protein supplement. Death losses commenced on the third day after ingestion of a toxic amount in the feed. Clinical signs in cattle that died in less than 9 days included anorexia, pica, diarrhea, depression, mild hindlimb ataxia, and dyspnea. Gross necropsy findings in cattle dying in the acute phase of the illness included hydrothorax, ascites, and pulmonary edema, as well as petechial hemorrhages, edema, and yellow streaking in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Cattle dying after 9 days had gray streaks in heart and skeletal muscle, generalized ventral edema, enlarged, firm, bluish discolored liver, and enlarged heart.
Microscopic changes in cattle dying in the acute phase (less than 9 days) consisted of pulmonary edema, congestion, and hemorrhage. Cardiac and skeletal muscle had localized areas of edema, hemorrhage, and coagulative necrosis. In cattle dying after 9 days of illness, the changes included lymphocytic infiltration, sarcolemmal nuclear proliferation, and fibrosis in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Lungs contained increased alveolar macrophages and a few neutrophils. Centrilobular necrosis and mild fibrosis were found in the liver.
Changes varied somewhat according to the area of heart or skeletal muscle that was affected. Active muscles, eg, those in the heart ventricles and diaphragm, were altered most severely.
Intoxication appeared to be a result of sedimentation of monensin in the molasses carrier to give remarkable concentrations of the substance at the bottom of the holding tank.
Clinical and pathologic features of thymoma in 15 dogs
Authors: Aronsohn Michael G. , Schunk Kenneth L. , Carpenter James L. , King Norval W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Thymoma was diagnosed in 15 dogs at Angell Memorial Animal Hospital between 1972 and 1983. All thymomas developed in the cranial portion of the mediastinum. An autoimmune paraneoplastic syndrome was observed in 10 (67%) of the dogs and included myasthenia gravis, nonthymic neoplasms, and polymyositis. Clinical signs were variable and inconsistent, depending on whether they were attributable to the cranial mediastinal mass or to the paraneoplastic syndrome. Eleven dogs were necropsied. Two thymomas had gross characteristics of malignancy. In 3 cases, a cell consistent with a subclass of mast cell was found and in 1 thymoma, melanocytes were observed.
Efficacy and dosage titration study of mibolerone for treatment of pseudopregnancy in the bitch
Authors: Brown Jenaay M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A controlled, blind-labeled, dose-response field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of mibolerone as a treatment for pseudopregnancy in the bitch. Bitches were treated orally for 5 consecutive days with one of the following dosages of mibolerone: 0.008, 0.016, or 0.025 mg/kg of body weight.
Changes in psychologic signs (nesting behavior, mothering inanimate objects, and self-nursing) or physical signs (mammary gland enlargement and secretion of a liquid or milk, ie, galactorrhea) were noted. The period within which the improvement occurred also was noted.
There were 63 cases distributed over the 3 dosages—19 at 0.008 mg/kg, 22 at 0.016 mg/kg, and 22 at 0.025 mg/kg. Seventeen bitches given a placebo served as controls.
There were significant differences in improvement of clinical signs among the dosages for the combinations of psychologic (P< 0.001), physical (P<0.01), psychologic or physical (P<0.001), and psychologic and physical (P<0.001). The projected optimal dosages were: 0.016 mg/kg, 0.013 mg/kg, 0.014 mg/kg, and 0.015 mg/kg for the psychologic, physical, psychologic or physical, and psychologic and physical signs, respectively.
Of the 3 dosages used, 0.016 mg/kg (for 5 consecutive days) was estimated to be optimal for improvement of the physiologic signs of pseudopregnancy.