bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On financial strategy
Authors: Calandro Joseph , Flynn Robert 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to introduce the “Financial Strategy Framework”.Design/methodology/approachDuring the course of the authors' ongoing financial management research, it was observed that leading academicians frequently integrate finance and strategy in interesting ways. Similarly, many top executives and firms tend to blend strategy and finance in highly productive ways. Nevertheless, the critical functions of finance and strategy are regularly practiced in isolation. This disconnect led the authors to design the framework presented here.FindingsThe key insight of the approach is that the efficient management of the interactions of strategy, resource allocation and performance measurement can generate more value over time than any of these disciplines taken in isolation. The approach presented is not merely the linkage of three critically important disciplines, but rather a way of capitalizing on the interactions of each within a comprehensive framework.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of the approach presented are a strategy that clearly guides production, resources that are allocated to efficiently execute strategic initiatives and performance measurement that serves as a cohesive management and feedback system rather than simply a method of reward/punishment. The research implications could be significant in that they could lead to interdisciplinary case and statistical studies.Originality/valueWhile this article builds on earlier theoretical and practical work, it is the first to the outline the approach to financial strategy in the manner presented here.
Synthetic (integrative) project management: an idea whose time has come
Authors: Pourdehnad John 
Published: September 2007

PurposeTo propose a complementary approach to traditional project management competency training, and approach that is based on a different worldview.Design/methodology/approachThe research for this paper was based primarily on literature searches as well as conducting interviews with a number of project managers.FindingsThe current approach has limitations. Generally, it is good for doing projects in a stable environment.Research limitations/implicationsThe new model for project management could be tested and compared to the traditional model.Practical implicationsThe practical implication/consequence is an improvement in the project performance. Specifically, the new approach requires the project managers to mange the interaction of the parts of the project rather than managing each part separately.Originality/valueThe problem with project performance is paradigmatic, i.e. using a wrong mindset.
Learn how to grab others' knowledge to do your job properly
Authors: Jasimuddin Sajjad M. 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThis paper addresses the ways in which a prospective knowledge user can approach seeking a potential contributor's knowledge.Design/methodology/approachQualitative data were collected in 2004 using semi‐structured interviews from a large multinational corporation situated in the UK.FindingsThe main findings of the paper suggest that context and content – such as status of the knowledge contributor, personal preference of superior, intimacy with the knowledge provider, trust between the actors, and criticalness of the technical query – have a great role to play when asking for technical help.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper ignores to identify the determinants of the selection of knowledge transfer mechanisms, which is an interesting area of future research for academicians.Practical implicationsThe paper will help organizational members to consider the contexts before approaching their colleagues for a technical advice.Originality/valueThe paper is of value to practitioners because it develops a view of grabbing others' knowledge without hesitation.
NETWORK EXTERNALITIES AND COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
Authors: Kikuchi Toru 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTIn this article, I examine how the network externalities of communications activities and trading opportunities interact to determine the structure of comparative advantage. These interactions are examined by constructing a two‐country, three‐sector model of trade involving a country‐specific communications network sector. The role of the connectivity of network providers, which allows users of a network to communicate with users of another network, is also explored.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 oncogene partner as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer
Authors: Mano Yuria , Takahashi Koji , Ishikawa Nobuhisa , Takano Atsushi , Yasui Wataru , Inai Kouki , Nishimura Hitoshi , Tsuchiya Eiju , Nakamura Yusuke , Daigo Yataro 
Published: September 2007

To screen candidate molecules that might be useful as diagnostic biomarkers or for development of novel molecular‐targeting therapies, we previously carried out gene‐expression profile analysis of 101 lung carcinomas and detected an elevated expression of FGFR1OP (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 oncogene partner) in the majority of lung cancers. Immunohistochemical staining using tumor tissue microarrays consisting of 372 archived non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens revealed positive staining of FGFR1OP in 334 (89.8%) of 372 NSCLCs. We also found that the high level of FGFR1OP expression was significantly associated with shorter tumor‐specific survival times (P < 0.0001 by log‐rank test). Moreover, multivariate analysis determined that FGFR1OP was an independent prognostic factor for surgically treated NSCLC patients (P < 0.0001). Treatment of lung cancer cells, in which endogenous FGFR1OP was overexpressed, using FGFR1OP siRNA, suppressed its expression and resulted in inhibition of the cell growth. Furthermore, induction of FGFR1OP increased the cellular motility and growth‐promoting activity of mammalian cells. To investigate its function, we searched for FGFR1OP‐interacting proteins in lung cancer cells and identified ABL1 (Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1) and WRNIP1 (Werner helicase interacting protein 1), which was known to be involved in cell cycle progression. FGFR1OP significantly reduced ABL1‐dependent phosphorylation of WRNIP1 and resulted in the promotion of cell cycle progression. Because our data imply that FGFR1OP is likely to play a significant role in lung cancer growth and progression, FGFR1OP should be useful as a prognostic biomarker and probably as a therapeutic target for lung cancer. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1902–1913)
Pharmacological characterization of MP‐412 (AV‐412), a dual epidermal growth factor receptor and ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Suzuki Tsuyoshi , Fujii Akihiro , Ohya Junichi , Amano Yusaku , Kitano Yasunori , Abe Daisuke , Nakamura Hideo 
Published: September 2007

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2 are currently recognized as validated target molecules in cancer treatment strategies. MP‐412 (AV‐412) is a potent dual inhibitor of EGFR and ErbB2 tyrosine kinases, including the mutant EGFRL858R,T790M, which is clinically resistant to the EGFR‐specific kinase inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib. In an enzyme assay, MP‐412 inhibited the EGFR variants and ErbB2 in the nanomolar range with over 100‐fold selectivity compared with other kinases, apart from abl and flt‐1, which were both moderately sensitive to the compound. In cells, MP‐412 inhibited autophosphorylation of EGFR and ErbB2 with IC50 of 43 and 282 nM, respectively. It also inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐dependent cell proliferation with an IC50 of 100 nM. Moreover, MP‐412 abrogated EGFR signaling in the gefitinib‐resistant H1975 cell line, which harbors a double mutation of L858R and T790M in EGFR. In animal studies using cancer xenograft models, MP‐412 (30 mg/kg) demonstrated complete inhibition of tumor growth of the A431 and BT‐474 cell lines, which overexpress EGFR and ErbB2, respectively. MP‐412 suppressed autophosphorylation of EGFR and ErbB2 at the dose corresponding to its antitumor efficacy. When various dosing schedules were applied, MP‐412 showed significant effects with daily and every‐other‐day schedules, but not with a once‐weekly schedule, suggesting that frequent dosing is preferable for this compound. Furthermore, MP‐412 showed a significant antitumor effect on the ErbB2‐overexpressing breast cancer KPL‐4 cell line, which is resistant to gefitinib. These studies indicate that MP‐412 has potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancers expressing EGFR and ErbB2, especially those resistant to the first generation of small‐molecule inhibitors. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1977–1984)
Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis for time courses of docetaxel‐induced neutropenia in Japanese cancer patients
Authors: Ozawa Kazuhiro , Minami Hironobu , Sato Hitoshi 
Published: September 2007

The present study describes a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis based on data obtained from cancer patients treated with docetaxel at the National Cancer Center Hospital East in Japan. Docetaxel was infused intravenously over 1 h every 3 weeks, and time courses of absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) for a total of 395 observations (62 patients) were analyzed using a semimechanistic‐physiological PK/PD model in the NONMEM program. The prominent feature of our PK/PD model is that it has the capability to predict a temporary increase in ANC. Among 10 patient factors, α1‐acid glycoprotein was selected as a significant covariate for drug effect as the increase in α1‐acid glycoprotein was negatively correlated with the drug effect. Goodness‐of‐fit plots indicated that the model fitted well with the observed data, and the bootstrap method guaranteed robustness of the model. In conclusion, we developed a novel population PK/PD model that can adequately analyze ANC profiles after docetaxel administration in oncology practice, where temporary but consistent increases in ANC were observed. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1985–1992)
Association of microRNA‐34a overexpression with proliferation is cell type‐dependent
Authors: Dutta Khokon Kumar , Zhong Yi , Liu Yu‐Ting , Yamada Takuji , Akatsuka Shinya , Hu Qian , Yoshihara Minako , Ohara Hiroki , Takehashi Masanori , Shinohara Takashi , Masutani Hiroshi , Onuki Janice , Toyokuni Shinya 
Published: September 2007

Recently Welch et al. reported that microRNA (miRNA)‐34a functions as a potential tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma cells (Oncogene 26: 5017–22, 2007). Here, we conversely show that miRNA‐34a supports cell proliferation in rat oxidative stress‐induced renal carcinogenesis and is overexpressed in various types of human cancers. While searching for genetically unstable chromosomal areas in rat renal carcinogenesis, we found the miRNA‐34 family reciprocally overexpressed in chromosomal areas with frequent allelic loss. By in situ hybridization and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, cerebral neurons and Purkinje cells showed the highest expression of a major type, miRNA‐34a, followed by a variety of endocrine cells and proliferating cells including germinal center lymphocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts and stem cells. In contrast, normal renal tubules, hepatocytes and myocardial cells showed faint expression. After 3 weeks of ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe‐NTA)‐induced oxidative stress, regenerating renal proximal tubular cells showed high miRNA‐34a expression. All of the Fe‐NTA‐induced rat renal carcinomas and an array of human cancers (151 positive cases of 177) showed high expression of miRNA‐34a. Furthermore, knockdown of miRNA‐34a with small interfering RNA significantly suppressed proliferation not only of renal carcinoma cells but also of HeLa and MCF7 cells. These results indicate that miRNA‐34a overexpression, an acquired trait during carcinogenesis, supports cell proliferation in the majority of cancers suggesting an unexpected link in the cellular metabolism between cancer and neuronal and/or endocrine cells, which warrants further investigation. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1845–1852)
Effects of an open refuse pit on space use patterns of spotted hyenas
Authors: Kolowski J. M. , Holekamp K. E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAlthough the use of anthropogenic food sources by carnivores is well documented, few studies have investigated the potential for these sites to influence the movements of livestock predators. We capitalized on a natural experiment in which a refuse pit, utilized by a group of intensively monitored spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, was closed midway through monitoring efforts. We compared hyena space use patterns before and after closure, while controlling for other variables, to investigate the influence of the pit on home range size, core area size and location, and the proximity of hyenas to dens and the refuse pit itself. We also investigated the influence of prey abundance and the social ranks of individual hyenas on variation in frequency of pit utilization. We found home range size to increase and core area size to decrease following pit closure. Space use was clearly influenced by the pit, as the group core area included the refuse site only while it was in operation, and hyenas were found closer to the pit before than after its closure. The most common rank group observed feeding at the pit were low‐ranking females, and regular pit users were more likely to be found near the pit during times of relative prey scarcity. We discuss the potential of human refuse at pastoral villages to increase livestock losses to hyenas.
The relevance of fire frequency for the floodplain vegetation of the Okavango Delta, Botswana
Authors: Heinl Michael , Sliva Jan , Tacheba Budzanani , Murray‐Hudson Michael 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe study investigates the relevance of fire frequency for the floodplain vegetation of the Okavango Delta in Botswana, considering species composition, species richness, vegetation structure and tree density. Based on flood and fire frequency data derived from a series of satellite images, active and drying floodplains were separated and study plots were selected with fire frequencies up to ten burns between 1989 and 2003. Both for drying and active floodplains, no typical species assemblage could be associated with fire frequency. On drying floodplains, fire frequency showed no effect on species composition, but rather on vegetation structure. While small woody species showed higher cover values on high fire frequency, large trees showed significantly lower cover values on high fire frequency. For active floodplains, a significant response to fire frequency, both positively and negatively could be determined for specific species. But as almost none of these species appear at low or high frequency only, no differences in species composition could be associated with fire frequency. Rather flood frequency and specific annual flood cycles could be described as the determining factors for the vegetation on active floodplains.
Habitat choice of Grevy’s zebras (Equus grevyi) in Laikipia, Kenya
Authors: Sundaresan Siva R. , Fischhoff Ilya R. , Hartung Helen M. , Akilong Patrick , Rubenstein Daniel I. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCharacterizing habitat choice is essential for endangered species conservation. For the endangered Grevy’s zebra (Equus grevyi), as with many widely ranging vertebrates, human activities may be an important factor affecting space use. Grevy’s zebras are grazing ungulates inhabiting the savannahs of central‐northern Kenya and Ethiopia. Past research on their social organization indicates that reproductive status shapes associations and movements. Here, we examine how habitat use varies across four reproductive classes: lactating and nonlactating females, bachelors and territorial males. We also test whether Grevy’s zebra avoid locations close to active livestock corrals, or bomas. We find that forage quality, forage quantity and habitat openness of locations used by Grevy’s zebra vary significantly depending on individual reproductive state. Lactating females and bachelors use areas with green, short grass and medium‐dense bush more frequently than nonlactating females or territorial males. We hypothesize that lactating females trade off forage quantity and safety to access nutrients in growing grass. Across reproductive classes, Grevy’s zebra choose locations further from active bomas than if they used the area randomly. Our results suggest that Grevy’s zebra may require a range of vegetation characteristics for different reproductive classes. Further, they may need areas free from competition or disturbance by livestock.
Effects of human disturbance on composition and structure of Brachystegia woodland in Arabuko‐Sokoke Forest, Kenya
Authors: Oyugi Joseph O. , Brown Joel S. , Whelan Christopher J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe examined tree species diversity, density, dispersion patterns and size class distributions in Brachystegia woodland of Arabuko‐Sokoke Forest, Kenya. The metrics varied with human disturbance (disturbed versus relatively undisturbed areas). Julbernardia magnistipulata Harms occurred only in the undisturbed site. Brachystegia spiciformis Benth. had the highest importance value (IV) at both study sites, whereas the IVs for the other tree species were greater within the undisturbed than the disturbed sites. Simpson’s Diversity Index and tree densities were greater in the undisturbed site than in the disturbed site. All seven tree species exhibited random dispersions in the disturbed site, but three species were clumped in the undisturbed areas. Smaller individuals of B. spiciformis were over‐represented in the disturbed habitat relative to the undisturbed habitat. In contrast, J. magnistipulata, Lannea schweinfurthii Engl. and Mimusops obtusifolia Wall. exhibited a greater proportion of smaller trees in the undisturbed site. The tree size class distributions may provide an index of regeneration for these four tree species in the disturbed and undisturbed sites respectively. Active management and restoration may be desirable for J. magnistipulata but appears unnecessary for the remaining common tree species. Illegal logging has persisted in the forest despite its conservation status over many decades. If logging activities cease, it would be instructive to document changes in vegetation composition and structure over time.
Mesozoic–Cenozoic exhumation events in the eastern North Sea Basin: a multi‐disciplinary study based on palaeothermal, palaeoburial, stratigraphic and seismic data
Authors: Japsen Peter , Green Paul F. , Nielsen Lars Henrik , Rasmussen Erik S. , Bidstrup Torben 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTFour Mesozoic–Cenozoic palaeothermal episodes related to deeper burial and subsequent exhumation and one reflecting climate change during the Eocene have been identified in a study of new apatite fission‐track analysis (AFTA®) and vitrinite reflectance data in eight Danish wells. The study combined thermal‐history reconstruction with exhumation studies based on palaeoburial data (sonic velocities) and stratigraphic and seismic data. Mid‐Jurassic exhumation (ca. 175 Ma) was caused by regional doming of the North Sea area, broadly contemporaneous with deep exhumation in Scandinavia. A palaeogeothermal gradient of 45 °C km−1 at that time may be related to a mantle plume rising before rifting in the North Sea. Mid‐Cretaceous exhumation affecting the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone is probably related to late Albian tectonic movements (ca. 100 Ma). The Sole Pit axis in the southern North Sea experienced similar inversion and this suggests a plate‐scale response along crustal weakness zones across NW Europe. Mid‐Cenozoic exhumation affected the eastern North Sea Basin and the onset of this event correlates with a latest Oligocene unconformity (ca. 24 Ma), which indicates a major Scandinavian uplift phase. The deeper burial that caused the late Oligocene thermal event recognized in the AFTA data reflect progradation of lower Oligocene wedges derived from the uplifting Scandinavian landmass. The onset of Scandinavian uplift is represented by an earliest Oligocene unconformity (ca. 33 Ma). Late Neogene exhumation affected the eastern (and western) North Sea Basin including Scandinavia. The sedimentation pattern in the central North Sea Basin shows that this phase began in the early Pliocene (ca. 4 Ma), in good agreement with the AFTA data. These three phases of Cenozoic uplift of Scandinavia also affected the NE Atlantic margin, whereas an intra‐Miocene unconformity (ca. 15 Ma) on the NE Atlantic margin reflects tectonic movements of only minor amplitude in that area. The study demonstrates that only by considering episodic exhumation as an inherent aspect of the sedimentary record can the tectonic evolution be accurately reconstructed.
Constraining the burial history of the Ghadames Basin, North Africa: an integrated analysis using sonic velocities, vitrinite reflectance data and apatite fission track ages
Authors: Underdown R. , Redfern J. , Lisker F. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTConstraining the burial history of a sedimentary basin is crucial for accurate prediction of hydrocarbon generation and migration. Although the Ghadames Basin is a prolific hydrocarbon province, with recoverable oil discovered to date in excess of 3.5 billion bbl, exploration on the eastern margin is still limited and the prospectivity of the area depends on the identification of effective source rocks and the timing of hydrocarbon generation. Sonic velocity, apatite fission track (FT) and vitrinite reflectance analysis offer three complementary methods to determine burial history and provide independent analytical techniques to evaluate the timing and amount of exhumation. The results indicate that two phases of tectonic activity had the biggest influence on basin evolution: the Hercynian (Late Carboniferous–Triassic) and Alpine (Late Mesozoic/Cenozoic) tectonic events. Exhumation during the Hercynian tectonic event increases from the SE, where an almost complete Palaeozoic section is preserved, towards the NW. This study quantifies the significant regional Alpine exhumation of the southern and eastern margins of the basin, with important implications for the timing of hydrocarbon maturation and expulsion, particularly for the Silurian source rock interval. Incorporating elevated Alpine exhumation values into burial history models for wells in the eastern (Libyan) part of the basin allows calibration with available maturity (Roeq) data using moderate values of Hercynian erosion. The result is preservation of the generation potential of Silurian (Tanezzuft) source rocks until maximum burial during Mesozoic/Cenozoic time, which improves the chance for preservation of hydrocarbon accumulations following entrapment.
Early weaning is related to weight and rate of weight gain in infancy
Authors: Sloan S. , Gildea A. , Stewart M. , Sneddon H. , Iwaniec D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground  Evidence relating to the effect of early weaning on infant weight and weight gain is conflicting. The aim of this paper is to compare weight and weight gain in two groups of infants; one group weaned before 4 months (early weaned), the other weaned at 4 months or after.Methods  Feeding practices were assessed through semistructured interviews with mothers of 1‐year‐old infants. Weight at birth, 8 weeks and 7 months were taken from an administrative database (Child Health System), and an additional measure of weight was taken at 14 months.Results  Infants weaned early were heavier at 7 and 14 months, and gained more weight between 8 weeks and 14 months, even after breastfeeding was controlled for.Conclusion  Early weaning is related to rapid weight gain in infancy. This may have implications for childhood obesity.