bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrimination of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Using an Electronic Nose
Authors: Momol M. T. , Balaban M. O. , Korel F. , Odabasi A. , Momol E. A. , Folkes G. , Jones J. B. 
Published: May 2008

An electronic nose (EN) is an array of chemical sensors, where each sensor has only fractional specificity to a wide range of odor molecules, connected with a suitable pattern recognition system. A rapid, sensitive, specific, nondestructive, and easy-to-use technique such as the EN could be used to detect and identify plant pathogenic bacteria in diagnostic clinics and quarantine labs. In this study, an EN discriminated between plant pathogenic bacteria belonging to up to seven species from seven different genera. Accepted for publication 31 March 2004. Published 5 April 2004.
The Response of Fusarium graminearum-Infected Seed of Hard Red Spring Wheat to Vitavax Extra RTU and Dividend XL Seed Treatments
Authors: Wiersma Jochum J. , Kandel Herman J. 
Published: May 2008

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum can severely impact seed quality and limit the availability of seed. Repeated outbreaks of FHB in the hard red spring wheat (HRSW) production areas of Minnesota and North Dakota since 1993 has forced seed dealers and producers, on occasion, to use FHB-infected wheat as seed. In this experiment, two FHB-infected seed lots, one of the variety Verde and one of the variety 2375, were used to determine the effect of Vitavax Extra RTU (16.7% carboxin : 1.2% imazalil : 1.5% thiabendazole) and Dividend XL (16.5% difenoconazole : 1.38% mefenoxam) on initial plant population, grain yield, and quality. The standard laboratory germination tests indicated that germination of Vitavax Extra RTU-treated seed increased germination from 64 to 84% for both seed lots. Using a four-by-two factorial design, the effect of the brand of seed treatment, the effect of using either brand of seed treatment versus not using a seed treatment at all, and the attained germination percentages from the laboratory tests were used to determine the effects on the initial plant population, grain yield, test weight, and grain protein content. In three field trials, there was no significant interaction between the use of either Vitavax Extra RTU or Dividend XL and seeding rate for initial plant population, grain yield, and test weight. Although a treatment of FHBinfected wheat seed with Vitivax Extra RTU increased germination in a laboratory test, there was no increase in initial plant population or grain yield and quality compared to untreated seed. However, increasing the seeding rate in field trials compensated for poor germination results in the laboratory test and resulted in higher initial stands. Consequently, results of the laboratory test of the untreated seed needed to be used to calculate a proper seeding rate for both seed lots. Accepted for publication 2 April 2004. Published 16 April 2004.
First Report of Powdery Mildew of Myosotis sylvatica (Wood Forget-me-not) Caused by Golovinomyces cynoglossi (Erysiphe cynoglossi) in Washington State
Authors: Glawe Dean A. 
Published: May 2008

Wood forget-me-not cultivars are popular ornamentals in the Pacific Northwest. In western Washington, this species frequently displays symptoms and signs of powdery mildew after anthesis. This report records the disease from King, Pierce, Snohomish, and Skagit counties and describes and illustrates symptoms of the disease as well as taxonomically important features of the causal organism. Accepted for publication 29 October 2004. Published 24 November 2004.
First Report of Powdery Mildew of Lycium chinense (Chinese Matrimony Vine) Caused by Arthrocladiella mougeotii in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Glawe Dean A. 
Published: May 2008

Chinese matrimony-vine (Lycium chinense Mill.) is a traditional medicinal plant grown in China and used as a perennial landscape plant in North America. This report documents the presence of powdery mildew on L. chinense in the Pacific Northwest and describes and illustrates morphological features of the causal agent. It appears to be the first report of a powdery mildew caused by Arthrocladiella in the Pacific Northwest. Accepted for publication 10 November 2004. Published 8 December 2004.
First Report of Powdery Mildew of Carrot and Parsley Caused by Erysiphe heraclei in Washington State
Authors: Glawe Dean A. , Pelter Gary Q. , Toit Lindsey J. du 
Published: May 2008

From 2002 to 2004, the anamorph of Erysiphe heraclei DC was observed on plants from processing carrot fields in central WA. The teleomorph, not previously reported in Washington, was discovered in a processing carrot field in Grant Co. A fungus matching the description of the anamorph of E. heraclei also was found attacking parsley in a home garden in Grant Co. This report documents the occurrence of E. heraclei and its teleomorph on carrot in WA and the occurrence of E. heraclei on parsley in WA. Accepted for publication 10 January 2005. Published 14 January 2005.
Diagnosis of Trichodorus obtusus and Paratrichodorus minor on Turfgrasses in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Crow William T. 
Published: May 2008

“Stubby-root” nematodes are of agricultural importance as plant-pathogens and as vectors for plant viruses. Two species of stubby-root nematode have been identified as pathogens on warm-season turfgrasses in the southern U.S.: Paratrichodorus minor and Trichodorus obtusus. Both are pathogens of bermudagrass and St. Augustinegrass, with T. obtusus more damaging than P. minor. Methods for distinguishing these species are described that do not require mounting of specimens and can be used at ×100 magnification or less. Accepted for publication 24 November 2004. Published 21 January 2005.
First Report of Stripe Rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici on Wheat in Florida
Authors: Blount Ann R. , Rizvi Shabbir A. , Barnett Ronald D. , Chen Xianming , Schubert Timothy S. , Dankers W. Hank , Momol Timur M. , Dixon Wayne N. 
Published: May 2008

The wheat stripe rust pathogen occured on several experimental wheat lines planted at Quincy, FL in early February 2003. Several experimental lines in the 2003 Advanced Wheat A, the Advanced Wheat B, and the Uniform Southern Wheat Nursery yield trials then showed traces of stripe rust on the leaves of the plants. An unusually cool and wet winter and spring encouraged a scattered outbreak of stripe rust of wheat on susceptible experimental lines of wheat. This report constitutes the first documented case of stripe rust of wheat in Florida. Accepted for publication 22 February 2005. Published 4 March 2005.
Comparing Diagnostic Protocols for Phytophthora ramorum in Rhododendron Leaves
Authors: Osterbauer Nancy , Trippe Aaron 
Published: May 2008

Phytophthora ramorum attacks many plant species important to the nursery industry and to the natural environment. USDA-APHIS requires all West Coast nursery stock to be inspected and, if necessary, tested for P. ramorum prior to export. The plants must be tested using a commercial DAS-ELISA kit and, if confirmed positive, the species-specific methods of PARP and PCR. This paper compares these diagnostic methods for the detection of P. ramorum in Rhododendron (L.) nursery stock. Accepted for publication 4 March 2005. Published 14 March 2005.
Use of Petroleum Derived Spray Oils in Washington Grapevine Powdery Mildew Management Programs
Authors: Grove G. G. , Lunden J. , Spayd S. 
Published: May 2008

The effects of petroleum-derived spray oils (PDSO) on powdery mildew control and selected berry characteristics were evaluated in vineyards in eastern Washington during 2001 and 2002. Up to seven PDSO applications were made during each growing season between the 15-to-30-cm shoot stage and veraison. The use of oil decreased total soluble solids (TSS) at harvest by 0.17% per application but had no significant effects on berry weight, pH, or titratable acidity. Because of their documented eradicant and antisporulant properties, PDSO were also utilized as the initial treatment in fungicide treatment sequences initiated upon the first visual detection of powdery mildew signs in the vineyard. When used in this fashion very early in powdery mildew epidemics, PDSO helped to reduce fungicide usage and input costs without compromising disease control. Accepted for publication 15 February 2005. Published 17 March 2005.
Effects of Azoxystrobin Application Rate and Treatment Interval on the Control of Rhabdocline pseudotsugae on Douglas-fir Christmas Trees
Authors: Bates Ricky M. , Despot David A. 
Published: May 2008

Rhabdocline needlecast caused by Rhabdocline pseudotsugae is the primary disease limiting Douglas-fir Christmas tree production in the northeastern United States. Azoxystrobin (Quadris) was recently registered for control of needlecasts on conifers, but little is known about its efficacy. In 2002, azoxystrobin was applied to field-grown Lincoln N.F. Douglas-fir Christmas trees at 0.14 or 0.28 g a.i./liter as the first or second spray of a chlorothalonil-based control program. In 2003, four sequential sprays of azoxystrobin at 0.28, 0.55, and 1.10 g a.i./liter were compared to chlorothalonil treatments. Untreated trees at both Pennsylvania test sites in both years were heavily infected, confirming high inoculum levels and environmental conditions favorable for infection. The standard program that consisted of 1.29 g a.i./liter chlorothalonil applications was very effective in controlling Rhabdocline in all experiments. In 2002, application interval had a significant effect on efficacy. Trees sprayed with 0.14 and 0.28 g a.i./liter azoxystrobin 9 days prior to an infection period had a higher disease index rating than those sprayed 2 days prior to the same infection period. Application rate did not appear to have an effect on efficacy. Trees receiving 1.10 g a.i./liter azoxystrobin had the same disease index rating as trees receiving the 0.28 g a.i./liter rate. In all cases, azoxystrobin treatments had significantly higher infection rates than the standard chlorothalonil treatment. The level of natural inoculum present at each site also appeared to play a role in azoxystrobin efficacy. Azoxystrobin is more than twice the cost of chlorothalonil and the data presented does not support any cost incentive for its inclusion in a Rhabdocline control program. Accepted for publication 19 May 2005. Published 17 June 2005.
The Southeastern U.S. Fusarium Head Blight Epidemic of 2003
Authors: Cowger Christina , Sutton Abbey L. 
Published: May 2008

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused unprecedented losses to southeastern U.S. wheat producers and millers in 2003. The epidemic was documented afterward through interviews with 120 researchers, extension agents, millers, and growers. Sixty-two counties in five states were assigned an FHB impact score of 1 to 4, and 2003 yield and weather data were obtained for those counties. The relationships of yield and pre- and post-flowering weather variables to impact score were evaluated using regression and correlation analyses. Yield as a percentage of the 10-year average was negatively correlated with FHB impact (r = -0.588, P < 0.0001). FHB impact was positively correlated with hours of post-flowering rainfall (r = 0.465, 0.590, and 0.619 for 10, 20, and 30 days post-flowering, respectively; P = 0.0001), but not correlated with hours of pre-flowering rainfall (P = 0.99). While this was not a controlled study, the results suggest that pre-flowering weather may have played a less significant role than post-flowering weather, and was unlikely to have been a good predictor of FHB severity in the southeast in 2003. Using 10-year average production data, premilling economic losses were estimated for 40 counties in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina at over $13.6 million. Wheat production in those counties comprised just 71.7%, 45.8%, and 48.0% of the statewide totals, respectively; thus, actual 2003 FHB-related losses to growers in those states were probably much higher. Additionally, mills in the region suffered losses of several million dollars in 2003 due to increased shipping, testing, and handling costs brought on by FHB. Accepted for publication 26 September 2005. Published 26 October 2005.
Repellency and Repulsiveness of Selected Agrichemicals to the Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae) on Grape Foliage
Authors: Walsh Douglas B. , Grove Gary G. 
Published: May 2008

Leaf disk and whole leaf bioassays were conducted to evaluate the repellency and repulsiveness of selected fungicides, insecticides, spray adjuvants, and petroleum-derived spray oils (PDSO) to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Compounds were evaluated for their ability to stimulate the movement of T. urticae from treated to nontreated grape tissue (repellency) and to inhibit their movement from untreated to treated tissue (repulsiveness). All insecticides other than Bacillus thuringiensis and some fungicides were highly repellent. Several insecticides and fungicides, and all spray adjuvants, were highly repulsive. We conclude that many agrichemicals are irritating to two-spotted spider mites and may impact their spatial dynamics within plant canopies. Accepted for publication 7 November 2005. Published 28 December 2005.
Relative Distribution and Incidence of Viruses Associated with Disease Outbreaks in Tomato Fields in Trinidad
Authors: Rampersad S. N. 
Published: May 2008

Tomato production in Trinidad has suffered considerable losses in yield and fruit quality due to infections of hitherto surmised etiology. In order to develop strategies for controlling viral diseases in tomato, the relative distribution and incidence of seven viruses that commonly infect tomato were determined. Of the 362 samples tested, Potato yellow mosaic Trinidad virus (PYMTV) was found in every farm except two and was present at relatively high incidence throughout the country. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tobacco etch virus (TEV) were found in fewer farms and at lower incidences while the other viruses were absent. Single infections of either virus were more common than double infections and multiple infections were rare but present. The results indicated that PYMTV is the predominant and most important viral pathogen in tomato production systems in Trinidad; however, begomovirus disease management strategies will also have to accommodate controls Accepted for publication 10 January 2006. Published 9 March 2006.
Susceptibility of Camellia to Phytophthora ramorum
Authors: Shishkoff Nina 
Published: May 2008

Camellia is a known host of Phytophthora ramorum, the “sudden oak death” pathogen. During 2003-2004, the organism was shipped from California throughout the U.S. on infected nursery stock, leading to a nationwide effort to recover the infected plants. This paper describes the symptoms on Camellia and the relative susceptibility of nine species and four hybrids. Camellias varied widely in susceptibility, with Camellia × ‘Roni gaki’ showing the worst overall symptoms, while some other cultivars showed little or none. Obvious symptoms include leaf lesions and stem blight; defoliation, while more difficult to observe, was also characteristic in camellias. The pathogen persisted in diseased plants, notably in stem tissue, for at least a month as demonstrated by isolation. One month after inoculation, roots remained Accepted for publication 23 December 2005. Published 15 March 2006.
Control of Phytophthora Root Rot in Field Plantings of Fraser Fir with Fosetyl-Al and Mefenoxam
Authors: Benson D. M. , Sidebottom J. R. , Moody J. 
Published: May 2008

Fungicides were evaluated for control of Phytophthora root rot for five growing seasons in two field plantings of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi in western North Carolina. At the first site, which had a fairly well-drained soil, treatment programs with Aliette (5 lb/100 gal, three applications per year), Subdue Maxx (3.7 fl oz/1.15 gal/1000 ft2, two applications per year), and Subdue GR (5.75 lb/1000 ft2, two applications per year) maintained low rates of mortality (< 10%) for three growing seasons, whereas tree mortality in the untreated plots reached 13 and 37% by the second and third growing seasons, respectively. At the second site, which was in a flood plain, disease did not develop during the first 2.5 years, even in untreated control plots. However, mortality increased rapidly following several high-rainfall events, but none of the fungicides had any effect on disease development. Apparently, at least under conditions not overly conducive to the disease, the fungicide treatment programs can delay the onset of high mortality rates caused by P. cinnamomi in Fraser fir for up to three growing seasons. Accepted for publication 23 February 2006. Published 31 March 2006.
Effect of Two Different Nozzle Arrangements on Control of Carrot Weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), in Processing Carrots
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. , Hitchner Erin , Zimmerman Melissa , Rossell Elwood 
Published: May 2008

Field studies were conducted during 2004-2005 at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Bridgeton, NJ to determine the effect of two different nozzle arrangements on the control of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), in processing carrots (Daucus carota L.). Two drop nozzles per row directed at the base of the plant resulted in significantly fewer damaged carrots caused by carrot weevil feeding each year as compared with a single nozzle centered as a 15.2-cm band located 30.5 cm over the row. However, carrot weevil damage to carrots was high each year in all treatments even during and after multiple pesticide applications, suggesting that growers need to use other management tactics with their spray program. Crop rotation, weed control, and planting date may be as important as pesticide selection and application for effective management of the carrot weevil. Accepted for publication 7 February 2006. Published 3 April 2006.
Incidence of Alfalfa mosaic virus, Bean pod mottle virus, and Soybean mosaic virus in Nebraska Soybean Fields
Authors: Giesler Loren J. , Ziems Amy D. 
Published: May 2008

The incidence of soybean viruses is increasing across the North Central Region of the United States as indicated by survey efforts and grower reports from several states. To determine the level of virus infection in Nebraska, we surveyed soybean fields for two consecutive years. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was detected in 52% of the fields in 2001 and in 56% of fields in 2002. The incidence of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) varied more, with 54% of fields testing positive in 2001 and 91% testing positive in 2002. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) was not detected in 2001, but it was detected in 31% of fields in 2002. The widespread distribution of detected SMV in 2002 is suggestive of introduction with seed. The incidence of BPMV was significantly higher in fields planted earlier than the recommended optimum planting date in one of the two years studied. The widespread incidence of AMV and BPMV and the irregular occurrence of SMV indicate that further studies of soybean viral diseases in Nebraska are warranted. Accepted for publication 13 March 2006. Published 24 April 2006.
Early Detection of Asian Soybean Rust Using PCR
Authors: Lamour Kurt H. , Finley Ledare , Snover-Clift Karen L. , Stack James P. , Pierzynski Joy , Hammerschmidt Ray , Jacobs Janette L. , Byrne Janet M. , Harmon Philip F. , Vitoreli Anne M. , Wisler Gail C. , Harmon Carrie L. , Levy Laurene , Zeller Kurt A. , Stone Christine L. , Luster Douglas G. , Frederick Reid D. 
Published: May 2008

Early detection of Asian soybean rust (ASR) is essential to help producers minimize the impact of this serious disease. DNA from ASR-infected soybean plants was used to compare conventional and real-time ASR-specific PCR assays at seven laboratories in the United States. Soybean plants were inoculated with four concentrations of rust spores to establish different levels of infection within the plants. Plant tissue was then harvested at 7 time points over the course of 12 days, and DNA was extracted using two commercially available kits. DNA extracted from soybean plants inoculated with different spore concentrations was tested for ASR using conventional or real-time PCR assays. ASR was consistently detected at 6 days following inoculation with both the conventional and real-time PCR assays. This study demonstrates the ability to reliably detect ASR in soybean before the presence of readily visible symptoms. It also demonstrates the reproducibility of the PCR assay across different real-time PCR platforms at multiple laboratories when the assays were performed in multiple diagnostic laboratories. Accepted for publication 5 April 2006. Published 24 May 2006.
Sclerotinia Blight in Georgia and Evidence for Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Runner Peanuts
Authors: Woodward Jason E. , Brenneman Timothy B. , Kemerait Robert C. , Culbreath Albert K. , Clark James R. 
Published: May 2008

Sclerotinia blight (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary) was recently identified in a commercial peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) field in Appling County, GA. Symptoms were first observed on the cultivars Tifrunner and Georgia 02C. Plant inoculations and a detached leaflet assay were conducted to determine the susceptibility of the cultivars Georgia Green, Georgia 02C, Georgia 03L, AP-3, Georgia 01R, Hull, C-99R, and Tifrunner. For plant inoculations, lesion lengths were greatest for Okrun, the susceptible control, and Georgia 02C; lesion lengths for C-99R and Georgia 01R did not differ significantly from Tamspan 90, the resistant control. Georgia Green, the current commercial standard, exhibited intermediate lesion lengths. Similar results were obtained from the detached leaflet assay. These results suggest that differing levels of resistance to S. sclerotiorum are available in runner cultivars used in the southeastern United States. Accepted for publication 27 March 2006. Published 31 May 2006.
First Report of Powdery Mildew on Dipsacus sylvestris Caused by Sphaerotheca dipsacearum in North America
Authors: Dugan Frank M. , Glawe Dean A. 
Published: May 2008

Common teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris) is a European species introduced into North America, and is now widely established and regarded as a noxious weed. In October 2005, a powdery mildew was observed on D. sylvestris in two locations in Pullman, Whitman Co., WA. Examination of diseased material confirmed that the causal agent was S. dipsacearum. This report provides the first documentation of S. dipsacearum on D. sylvestris in North America. Accepted for publication 20 April 2006. Published 7 June 2006.
First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Tomatillo in Florida
Authors: Adkins Scott , Momol M. Timur , Dankers Hank , Reitz Stuart , Olson Stephen 
Published: May 2008

In the spring of 2004 and 2005, symptoms similar to those induced by the thrips-vectored Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were observed on tomatillo in cultivated fields in Gadsden county and experimental plots in Leon county, both in northern Florida. Presence of TSWV was confirmed. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of TSWV on tomatillo in Florida. Accepted for publication 8 May 2006. Published 7 June 2006.