bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detuning Estimation Measurement Uncertainty Quantification Using Descriptive Statistics
Authors: Keshwani Rajesh T. , Mukhopadhyay S. , Gudi R. D. , Joshi Gopal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurate estimation of Radio frequency (RF) cavity detuning is one of the important aims for controlling and monitoring of the particle accelerator used for beam acceleration. A methodological research is needed to achieve the aim of obtaining an accurate, unbiased and consistent detuning estimator. In the past, various estimation techniques for determination of RF cavity detuning have been applied. Methods like least squares, cavity parameter identification, linear and nonlinear observers have been employed for normal conducting and superconducting RF cavities. Apart from other methods, the Kalman filter has been employed by a few practitioners in the case of superconducting cavities. The Kalman filter is based on a stochastic state space framework, and it accounts for practical issues like model uncertainty and measurement noise in estimation of states and parameters. The behavioral model of a superconducting RF cavity is nonlinear due to the squared dependence of cavity detuning on the electric field inside it. Detuning being unmeasurable, is estimated from models and measured quantities. In general, a nonlinear system needs to use a nonlinear estimator for accuracy and low variability estimates. In this paper, we aim to quantify the uncertainty in detuning estimated by Kalman filter, extended Kalman filter and unscented Kalman filter for superconducting RF cavity. This aim has been achieved by characterization of noise from simulated results. Moments of the underlying probability distribution function of noise are determined as noise propagates through these filters. Tools such as quantile plots and descriptive statistics are used in this work to compare various cases quantitatively and arrive at important conclusions.
Optimized FFT Designs for High-Performance LTE and 5G Networks
Authors: Khan Daud , Jan Latif , Zafar Mohammad Haseeb 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes a run-time reconfigurable butterfly structure capable of simultaneously performing Radix-8, Radix-4, Radix-3, and Radix-2 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) computations to cater to the bandwidth requirements of current Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Fifth Generation (5G), and beyond systems. While LTE and 5G promise exceptionally high throughput, ranging from 300 Mbps to 3 Gbps, Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Application Specific Integrated Circuit vendors face significant challenges in meeting these demands. Efficient implementation strategies are essential for realizing these standards in silicon. Given that FFT is the cornerstone of 5G systems, its computational complexity poses challenges in meeting high throughput requirements. Furthermore, the flexibility to adapt to different bandwidths is crucial in 5G networks. Therefore, a configurable FFT engine that optimizes resource utilization while providing high throughput is highly desirable. This paper presents two FFT architectures based on the proposed reconfigurable butterfly, offering designers the flexibility to choose the most suitable approach for realizing efficient and high-throughput solutions tailored to the requirements of 5G and beyond.
Some mathematical properties of flexible hyperbolic tangent activation function with application to deep neural networks
Authors: Karateke Seda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study rigorously delves into some analytic properties of an improved activation function (referred as

$${ flx}\tanh $$

flx

tanh

). The determined results appear as a generalization of some results known in the literature. The

$${ flx}\tanh $$

flx

tanh

is created by taking into account symmetry property, parameterizability, and deformability of the classical

$$\tanh $$

tanh

function. Under the regime of certain parameters, we examine the behaviours of

$${ flx}\tanh $$

flx

tanh

. Moreover, these dynamic properties of the function

$${ flx}\tanh $$

flx

tanh

yields promising results as an activation function in deep neural networks. We utilize the PyTorch library running on Python 3.9 to evaluate the performance of our activation function. Additionally, we aim to encourage the readers to improve their computer programming language skills by making the Python 3.9 codes available on GitHub.
Raman spectroscopy for the quantification of furans in blow steam condensates derived from steam explosion of softwood bark
Authors: Averheim Andreas , Thyrel Mikael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The steam explosion of softwood bark generates blow steam condensates rich in furans, such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). These are not only problematic inhibitors to enzymes and yeast but are also valuable platform chemicals, and their presence relates to the process intensity. This study explores the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a non-destructive tool for accurately quantifying furans in condensates from varying treatment conditions. During the experiments, the temperature was kept at 200 °C; residence time was varied between 5, 10, and 20 min; and 0, 2, and 4% w/w H2SO4 was added. Collected condensates were analyzed by Raman and modeled using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS). The PCA analysis revealed a distinct clustering of condensates based on the severity of the treatment. The OPLS calibration model for furfural showed excellent predictive capabilities (R
2 = 0.986, Q
2 = 0.969, RMSEcv = 253 mg/L, and RMSEP = 155 mg/L). Our results highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy for real-time steam explosion process control and accurate quantification of furans in blow steam condensates.
Experiences of Forgone Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Older Adults’ Mental Health: Variations by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Chen Jen-Hao , Wen Ming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to substantial forgone care. However, relatively few studies have investigated the mental health consequences of forgone care experiences on older adults and how these associations vary by race and ethnicity during this period. This study analyzed US older adults aged 55 or older from the Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic Survey (N = 883; average age = 65), a nationally representative survey conducted in late 2020. Weighted OLS regression was used to examine the association between measures of forgone care and mental health outcomes. Results showed that experiences of forgone care were prevalent and similar across racial and ethnic groups, with some variations across types of missed care. Furthermore, forgone care and missing various types of care during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with higher psychological distress and poorer sleep quality, with some variations by race and ethnicity. Black older adults who had forgone care and missed more types of care showed even poorer sleep than their White counterparts. Additionally, missing chronic care, mental care, and preventative care, but not other types of care, was associated with greater psychological distress and poorer sleep for all racial and ethnic groups. However, Black older adults who missed chronic care had even poorer sleep than Whites. Findings emphasize the need to support all older adults’ healthcare access of various types during the pandemic and the importance of focusing on specific racial and ethnic groups such as Black older adults who were more affected by forgone care.
How does institutional quality affect the efficiency of local government? An assessment of Italian municipalities
Authors: Finocchiaro Castro Massimo , Guccio Calogero , Romeo Domenica , Vidoli Francesco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the role of institutional quality in the cost efficiency of social services provided by local governments in Italy. Using a newly developed panel stochastic frontier approach, we address the issue of endogeneity, which can lead to biased estimates in efficiency analyses. By analysing a large dataset of social services expenditures in Italian municipalities from 2015 to 2018, we assess the impact of provincial institutional quality, measured by the Institutional Quality Index (IQI), on cost efficiency. Our findings reveal that low institutional quality negatively affects cost efficiency, but this effect is only fully captured when endogeneity is taken into account. Specifically, we find that three pillars of the IQI - control of corruption, rule of law, and regulatory quality - are critical determinants of cost efficiency in social service provision. These results underscore the importance of strengthening institutional quality to ensure fair, efficient, and effective delivery of social services, contributing to better governance and social well-being.
Real eternal PDE solutions are not complex entire: a quadratic parabolic example
Authors: Fiedler Bernold , Stuke Hannes 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In parabolic or hyperbolic PDEs, solutions which remain uniformly bounded for all real times

$$t=r\in \mathbb {R}$$

t
=
r
∈
R

are often called PDE entire or eternal. For a nonlinear example, consider the quadratic parabolic PDE

$$\begin{aligned} w_t=w_{xx}+6w^2-\lambda , \end{aligned}$$

w
t

=

w

xx

+
6

w
2

-
λ
,

for

$$0<x<\tfrac{1}{2}$$

0
<
x
<

1
2

, under Neumann boundary conditions. By its gradient-like structure, all real eternal non-equilibrium orbits

$$\Gamma (r)$$

Γ
(
r
)

of (*) are heteroclinic among equilibria

$$w=W_n(x)$$

w
=

W
n

(
x
)

. For parameters

$$\lambda >0$$

λ
>
0

, the trivial homogeneous equilibria are locally asymptotically stable

$$W_0=-\sqrt{\lambda /6}$$

W
0

=
-

λ
/
6

, and

$$W_\infty =+\sqrt{\lambda /6}$$

W
∞

=
+

λ
/
6

of unstable dimension (Morse index)

$$i(W_\infty )=1,2,3,\ldots $$

i
(

W
∞

)
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
…

, depending on

$$\lambda $$

λ

. All nontrivial real

$$W_n$$

W
n

are rescaled and properly translated real-valued Weierstrass elliptic functions with Morse index

$$i(W_n)=n$$

i
(

W
n

)
=
n

. We show that the complex time extensions

$$\Gamma (r+\textrm{i}s)$$

Γ
(
r
+
i
s
)

, of analytic real heteroclinic orbits

$$\Gamma (r)$$

Γ
(
r
)

towards

$$W_0$$

W
0

, are not complex entire. For example, consider the time-reversible complex-valued solution

$$\psi (s)=\Gamma (r_0-\textrm{i}s)$$

ψ

(
s
)

=
Γ

(

r
0

-
i
s
)

of the nonlinear and nonconservative quadratic Schrödinger equation

$$\begin{aligned} \textrm{i}\psi _s=\psi _{xx}+6\psi ^2-\lambda \end{aligned}$$

i

ψ
s

=

ψ

xx

+
6

ψ
2

-
λ

with real initial condition

$$\psi _0=\Gamma (r_0)$$

ψ
0

=
Γ

(

r
0

)

. Then there exist real

$$r_0$$

r
0

such that

$$\psi (s)$$

ψ
(
s
)

blows up at some finite real times

$$\pm s^*\ne 0$$

±

s
∗

≠
0

. Abstractly, our results are formulated in the setting of analytic semigroups. They are based on Poincaré non-resonance of unstable eigenvalues at equilibria

$$W_n$$

W
n

, near pitchfork bifurcation. Technically, we have to except discrete sets of parameters

$$\lambda $$

λ

, and are currently limited to unstable dimensions

$$i(W_n)\le 22$$

i
(

W
n

)
≤
22

, or to fast unstable manifolds of dimensions

$$d<1+\tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}i(W_n)$$

d
<
1
+

1

2

i

(

W
n

)

.
Where did you come from, where did you go? News trajectories in Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Makhortykh Mykola , de León Ernesto , Urman Aleksandra , Gil-López Teresa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The article examines news trajectories used by individuals to access mainstream journalistic media in Germany and German-speaking Switzerland during the first peak of COVID-19 in Europe. It discusses the role of individual characteristics related to sociodemographics, political, and media attitudes in predisposition towards specific modes of news access. For this aim, it combines survey data with data on individuals’ engagement with news automatically tracked in spring 2020. The findings of the article highlight the prevalence of accessing news via search engines (search trajectory) and by directly going to news websites (routine trajectory). The study also demonstrates the important role of political and media attitudes in the prevalence of specific modes of news access, which, however, differs between the countries, thus emphasizing the importance of conducting more comparative research using tracking data.
Governmental incentives for sustainable building development-Saudi Arabia
Authors: Dahlan Ammar Sadik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sustainable building incentives are mandatory for the successful implementation of sustainable building development. The research aims to highlight the need for incentives for fulfilling Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030 of sustainable development in the building sector by reviewing the provided governmental incentives worldwide. It has been found that incentives categorization and its usefulness in the building sector must be addressed in the sustainable research area. The incentives are categorized into financial and non-financial which come under the external incentives provided by the government. For the effective promotion of sustainable buildings both incentives are significant. In addition to this, the research demonstrates the data analysis about the knowledge, awareness, and willingness of the respondents related to the provision of incentives for sustainable building development. The research findings also signify the role of government for successful understanding and pursuing of sustainable building initiatives as many governments around the world have successfully implemented sustainable building initiatives by providing incentives. Moreover, the research areas also assist in developing the sustainable building incentives comprehension to its readers.
The impact of historic built environment on residents’ emotional experiences: Duhok as a case study
Authors: Albeyboni Beybin , Raswol Layla 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores the impact of Historic urban environments in shaping the emotional experience of Duhok City residents, focusing on interdisciplinary insights from urban design, planning, and environmental psychology as urban development has shown a significant impact on residents’ mental state, with recent research linking city living to an increased rate of mood and anxiety disorders. This study builds on previous findings and research gaps in a localized context. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs considers psychological well-being as a crucial aspect of the human journey to self-connection and transcendence, based on that the research explored how historic settings influence residents’ sense of belonging, identity, and self-connection. Preliminary results suggest that Historic Environments contribute to reduced negative emotions, and enhanced satisfaction levels, by fostering a strong emotional attachment, sense of place, and community identity. This research underlines the importance of preserving and integrating historical elements in urban design and planning to promote mental well-being and enrich residents’ emotional experiences.
Legality and Legitimacy in Making, Amending & Consolidating the Singapore Constitution
Authors: Tan Kevin YL 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between legality and legitimacy in postcolonial constitution-making, focusing on Singapore's two stages of sovereignty transfer from colonial rule to independent statehood: its decolonisation from Britain in 1963, achieved through merger with Malaysia, and its separation from Malaysia in 1965. The article shows how different forms of legitimacy were established and sustained during these transitions. The first independence was characterised by legal continuity and political legitimacy, solidified through peaceful negotiations and the strategic use of a 1962 referendum that helped mitigate internal opposition. By contrast, the second independence in 1965 was a ‘legal revolution’, as neither the Malaysian Federal Constitution nor the State of Singapore Constitution 1963 provided for secession and the People's Action Party (PAP) government lacked an explicit public mandate to negotiate the secession. This break in legal continuity required new sources of (revolutionary) legitimacy, which the PAP government secured through subsequent electoral dominance, constitutional consolidation, and political manoeuvres. This article underscores the fact that legitimacy in making, amending, and consolidating constitutions is inherently transient and unstable, requiring continuous renewal through various political and legal mechanisms.
The effect of psychosocial stimulation on the development, nutrition, and treatment outcomes of hospitalised children with severe acute malnutrition in Southern Ethiopia: a cluster randomised control trial: EPSoSAMC study
Authors: Tessema Tesfalem Teshome , Alamdo Andamlak Gizaw , Mekonnen Eyoel B. , Yirtaw Tewodros G. , Debele Fanna A. , Gemechu Teklu , Belachew Tefera 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Psychosocial stimulation is one of the recommended interventions in the management of hospitalised children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). However, there is currently limited scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of the intervention. The study aimed to examine the effects of psychosocial stimulation on the development, nutrition, and treatment outcomes of hospitalised SAM children. A cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted among health facilities that provide inpatient care for children with SAM in Silti Zone, Ethiopia. Fifty-eight children enrolled in the intervention facilities were provided stimulation intervention during their inpatient care and for 6 months after discharge. Sixty-eight children enrolled from control health facilities received routine inpatient care without stimulation and were followed for six months. Health education was provided to all caregivers on child health-related topics. Child development and nutrition outcomes were assessed four times using Denver II-Jimma and anthropometric measurements while the length of hospitalisation was used to measure treatment outcome. Children in the intervention group showed significantly better scores in Personal Social (p=0.001, effect size=0.77), Fine Motor (p=0.001, effect size=1.87), and Gross Motor (p=0.001, effect size=0.78) developmental domains from baseline to end line. Language domain however showed a significant difference only after discharge and intervention children scored better at six months (p<0.001, effect size=0.59). The intervention significantly improved treatment outcomes (p=0.010), but no significant changes in nutritional outcomes were documented. The findings highlighted the benefits of the intervention and the need to promote these interventions in health facilities within resource-limited settings.
Middle Persian documents and the making of the Islamic fiscal system: problems and prospects
Authors: Benfey Thomas 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis article charts a new course for the study of the Middle Persian documents from early Islamic Iran, which takes their early Islamic context into account more fully than has hitherto been done. This approach and its potential fruits for the study of early Islamic history are illustrated through an in-depth treatment of four seventh-century documents from the Qom region (previously edited and discussed by Dieter Weber), each of which contains a fiscal term that is apparently otherwise unattested in the documentary corpus. I show that the existing interpretations of these documents anachronistically project the fiscal terminology and structures of a later time into early Islamic Iran, and that these documents, considered in aggregate, suggest a certain course of development for the Islamic fiscal system in the post-Sasanian territories in the decades following the initial conquests: from broad and relatively unspecific impositions to more targeted exactions, based on increasingly detailed assessments.
Intersecting Memories of Immunity and Climate: Potential Multiyear Impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on Infectious Disease Spread
Authors: Chung Maya V. , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Yang Wenchang , Grenfell Bryan , Metcalf C. Jessica 
Published: February 2025

AbstractClimate and infectious diseases each present critical challenges on a warming planet, as does the influence of climate on disease. Both are governed by nonlinear feedbacks, which drive multi‐annual cycles in disease outbreaks and weather patterns. Although climate and weather can influence infectious disease transmission and have spawned rich literature, the interaction between the independent feedbacks of these two systems remains less explored. Here, we demonstrate the potential for long‐lasting impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on disease dynamics using two approaches: interannual perturbations of a generic SIRS model to represent ENSO forcing, and detailed analysis of realistic specific humidity data in an SIRS model with endemic coronavirus (HCoV‐HKU1) parameters. Our findings reveal the importance of considering nonlinear feedbacks in susceptible population dynamics for predicting and managing disease risks associated with ENSO‐related weather variations.
Statistical Survey of Loss Cone Electrons Observed In Situ in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Takahara R. , Shinohara I. , Kasahara S. , Asamura K. , Yokota S. , Keika K. , Kazama Y. , Wang S.‐Y. , Tam S. W. Y. , Chang T.‐F. , Wang B.‐J. , Jun C.‐W. , Hori T. , Matsuoka A. , Teramoto M. , Yamamoto K. , Kasahara Y. , Matsuda S. , Kumamoto A. , Shinbori A. , Tsuchiya F. , Miyoshi Y. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe report a statistical result of electrons inside the loss cone with energies of 67 eV–88 keV using electron measurements obtained in situ by the Arase satellite in the inner magnetosphere around the magnetic equator for 60 months. Loss cone electrons are found with a high occurrence probability from the nightside to the dawnside at approximately L = 6. For 641 eV–88 keV electrons, the high‐occurrence region shifts toward later magnetic local times (MLTs) with increasing loss cone electron energy. The spatial distribution of the occurrence probability around MLT = 22–3 at L = 5–6 is consistent with the calculated average resonance energy distribution of whistler mode chorus waves near the magnetic equator. These results suggest that pitch angle scattering driven by chorus waves plays the main role in electron precipitation in this region.