bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic visual features in content‐based video retrieval
Authors: Mu Xiangming 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA new semantic visual features (e.g., car, mountain, and fire) navigation technology is proposed to improve the effectiveness of video retrieval. Traditional temporal neighbor browsing technology allows users to navigate temporal neighbors of a selected sample frame to find additional matches, while semantic visual feature browsing enables users to navigate keyframes that have similar features to the selected sample frame. A pilot evaluation was conducted to compare the effectiveness of three video retrieval designs that support 1) temporal neighbor browsing; 2) semantic visual feature browsing; and 3) fused browsing which is a combination of both temporal neighbor and semantic visual feature browsing. Two types of searching tasks: visual centric and non‐visual centric tasks were applied. Initial results indicated that the semantic visual feature browsing system was more efficient for non‐visual centric tasks.
Authorship, incentives for creation, and copyright in the digital 21st century
Authors: Campbell James 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCopyright in the United States is under enormous stress in the digital age. The cause of this stress is often described in technological terms, yet there are deeper systemic policy and legal factors at play. Specifically, there is an ever‐increasing, and increasingly obvious, disconnect between the constitutionally based justification for copyright, and copyright's lived out implementation. That is particularly true regarding two key justifications for the expansions of copyright protection that have occurred since 1790: the concept of the author, and the necessity of providing a high level of control and financial incentives to authors to encourage the production of socially valuable works.This paper examines both of these justifications for expanded copyright protection and finds them unproven and, in fact, significantly lacking force under both philosophical and empirical analysis. We suggest that the U.S. abandon those justifications for copyright in today's digital world. We offer eight principles upon which a more integrated and relevant copyright system could be based, one in which policy, law, and practice could be brought into coherence so that today's stresses on copyright would be minimized, and the Constitutional charge to promote "the Progress of Science and useful Arts" would be maximized for society as a whole.
Trailblazing through a Knowledge Space of Science: Forward Citation Expansion in CiteSeer
Authors: Chen Chaomei , Lin Xia , Zhu Weizhong 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUnderstanding emerging trends and patterns in science and technology is essential not only to scientists and engineers in their own fast‐advancing fields but also to a wide variety of individuals and organizations who are also interested in tracking the development of thematic topics. This is a challenging task because many existing tools are not particularly designed to deal with the dynamics of intellectual structures that transcend the boundaries of individual documents or isolated topics. In this article, we introduce a conceptual and operational platform that extends the traditional notion of traveling along individual citation pathways and defines operators for recursive and holistic theme expansion based on citation connectivity. We describe the implementation of a forward expansion operator and illustrate its potential with the CiteSeer metadata. In addition, we integrate the forward expansion operators with information visualization techniques.
Standards in electronic resource management
Authors: Kasprowski Rafal , Koppel Ted , Robertson Nathan D.M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFollowing last year's panel on developments in electronic resource management (ERM), the 2006 panel will discuss ERM standards. The deliverables published by the Digital Library Federation's Electronic Resource Management Initiative (DLF ERMI) had a decisive impact on the development of ERM systems and created a demand by the library, vendor, and publisher communities for further standardization in the area. In the second phase of the group's work (ERMI 2), a major objective is to develop standards for the collection of license information and usage statistics, which would reduce the administrative costs of both data sets. The need for ERM standardization has led the stakeholders to collaborate. ERMI 2 and EDItEUR are attempting to incorporate the data elements proposed by ERMI into the ONIX family of publisher data standards. The DLF/NISO/EDItEUR/PLS License Expression Working Group (LEWG) is participating in the development of license standards in part based on the work of ERMI and EDItEUR. The Standardized Usage Statistics Harvesting Initiative (SUSHI) is developing a standard model for retrieving usage data. As a result, license data available in a single data container could be downloaded directly into ERM systems, as would usage statistics thanks to a platform‐independent protocol for retrieving COUNTER‐compliant data.
Anarchists, pirates, ideologists, and disasters: New digital trends and their impacts
Authors: Shachaf Pnina , Hara, Noriko , Eschenfelder Kristin , Goodrum Abby , Scott Lori Cooke , Shankar Kalpana , Ozakca Muzaffer , Robbin, Alice 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis panel will address both online disasters created by anarchists and pirates and disaster relief efforts aided by information and communication technologies (ICTs). An increasing number of people use (ICTs) to mobilize their resources and enhance their activities. This mobilization has unpredictable consequences for society: On one hand, use of ICT has allowed for the mobilization of millions of people for disaster relief efforts and peace movements. On the other hand, it has also helped hackers, pirates to carryout destructive activities. In many cases it is hard to judge the moral consequences of the use of ICT by marginalized groups.The panel will present five studies of which three will focus on online disobedience and two will focus on ICT use for disaster. Together these presentations illustrate both positive and negative consequences of the new digital trends. Goodrum deliberates on an ethic of hacktivism in the context of online activism. Eschenfelder discusses user modification of or resistance to technological protection measures. Shachaf and Hara present a study of anarchists who attack information posted on Wikipedia and modify the content by deleting, renaming, reinterpreting, and recreating information according to their ideologies. Scott examines consumer media behaviors after hurricane Katrina and Rita disasters. Shankar and Ozakca discuss volunteer efforts in the aftermath of hurricane Katrina.
The current status of Open Access in biomedical field: the comparison of countries relating to the impact of national policies
Authors: Matsubayashi Mamiko , Kurata Keiko , Sakai Yukiko , Morioka Tomoko , Kato Shinya , Mine Shinji , Ueda Shuichi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the article is to show the current status of Open Access (OA) in biomedical field, and compare some countries such as the U.S., the U.K. and Japan in terms of the OA situation. There are controversies about the definition of OA. After examining the requirements about OA, we recognized OA as the situation in which researchers could read the full text of articles in unrestricted way. In order to investigate the current situation of OA, 4,756 articles were sampled randomly from articles published between January and September in 2005 and indexed in PubMed. The main results are as follows: 1) The rate of OA articles was 25%, and 75% of all the articles were available online including electronic subscription journal articles. 2) The means of OA was classified into five types. Among them, the rate of OA articles by “OA and Hybrid OA journals” was overwhelming (more than 70%), and that of PMC was 26.2%. The rates of OA articles by “institutional repositories” and “authors' personal sites” were considerably low (6.0% and 4.9% respectively). 3) When comparing the rates of OA articles by countries, Belgium ranked the first with 41.7%. The five countries indicated more than 30% in OA articles: Canada and India (38.7%), Brazil (36.4%), Australia (30.8%), and the U.S. (30.7%). Each country was different in the means of OA. 4) We explored the rates of OA for two groups; one group consists of articles published in journals with IF, and the other consists of articles published in journals without IF. The rate of OA for the group of articles in journals with IF is 20.6%, and that of articles in journals without IF is 30.8%.
Secondary scrotal lymphedema: A novel microsurgical approach
Authors: Mukenge Sylvain , Pulitanò Carlo , Colombo Renzo , Negrini Daniela , Ferla Gianfranco 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSecondary scrotal lymphedema is an infrequent complication of radical cystectomy assiociated with pelvic lymphadenectomy. We report a case of secondary lymphedema of male genitalia presenting more than 4 years after a radical cystectomy with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the bladder. Microsurgical lymphovenous anastomoses are usually performed using only the scrotal lymphatics excluding the testicular lymphatics drainage. We have experimented a new microsurgical technique based on lymphovenous anastomosis between the collectors of the spermatic funiculus and the veins of the pampiniform plexus, allowing the testicular lymphatic drainage. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
An easy and safe model of kidney transplantation in rats
Authors: Karatzas Theodore , Santiago Sergio , Xanthos Theodoros , De Faria Wervinston , Gandia Carlos , Kostakis Alkiviades 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA technical innovation of a novel ureter implantation technique on rat kidney allograft transplantation is described. The left kidney graft is transplanted heterotopically into the left infrarenal position, using vascular conduits from donor abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava in continuity to renal vessels, to perform arterial and venous end‐to‐side anastomoses to the recipient vessels. A new ureter implantation technique was employed by placing a purse‐string suture around the uretero‐vesical anastomosis and ligated at the end of the anastomosis to invaginate the ureter and relieve tension at its junction to the bladder. This functions as an anti‐reflux procedure, also preventing urine leakage. Bilateral native kidneys nephrectomy of the recipient was performed a week post‐transplant. This model of rat kidney transplantation was associated with high survival rate (87%) 2 weeks post‐transplant with no evidence of vascular anastomoses complications or other technical failures. The technique is easy, reliable, and can be routinely applied to other microvascular transplantation procedures. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Role of nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in regulating spontaneous excitations in detrusor smooth muscle of the guinea‐pig bladder
Authors: Yanai Yoshimasa , Hashitani Hikaru , Hayase Masa , Sasaki Shoichi , Suzuki Hikaru , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAimsThe role of nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP (cGMP) pathway in regulating detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) function is still to be elucidated. We have investigated the effects of NO donors and phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE5) inhibition on spontaneous excitations in DSM.MethodsMultibundle DSM of the guinea‐pig bladder generated spontaneous phasic contractions. The effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3‐morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‐1), NO donors, 8‐bromo‐cyclicGMP (8‐Br‐cGMP), a cell‐permeable cGMP analog and sildenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor on these contractions were examined. The effects of these agents on spontaneous action potentials were also studied using intracellular recording technique in single‐bundle DSM.ResultsSNP and SIN‐1 enhanced spontaneous contractions in multibundle DSM and increased the frequency of spontaneous action potentials in single‐bundle DSM. These excitatory effects were not antagonized by 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ), an inhibitor for guanylate cyclase, but were attenuated by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), an inhibitor of sarco‐ and endoplasmic Ca ATPase (SERCA). 8‐Br‐cGMP invariably suppressed spontaneous contractility. Sildenafil inhibited spontaneous contractions in about 65% of multibundle DSM but had no effects on the remainder. In single‐bundle DSM, sildenafil had no effect on spontaneous action potentials.ConclusionsThese results suggested that NO caused an enhancement of spontaneous contractions in DSM by accelerating spontaneous action potentials through cGMP‐independent mechanisms, which may involve the Ca release from intracellular stores, whilst cGMP itself has inhibitory effects on DSM contractility. Sildenafil may indirectly suppress DSM contractility by diminishing synchronicity between functional units of DSM bundles without inhibiting excitability of DSM themselves. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:446–453, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amide proton transfer imaging of 9L gliosarcoma and human glioblastoma xenografts
Authors: Salhotra Amandeep , Lal Bachchu , Laterra John , Sun Phillip Zhe , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAmide proton transfer (APT) imaging is a variant of magnetization transfer (MT) imaging, in which the contrast is determined by a change in water intensity due to chemical exchange with saturated amide protons of endogenous mobile proteins and peptides. In this study, eight Fisher 344 rats implanted with 9L gliosarcoma cells and six nude rats implanted with human glioblastoma cells were imaged at 4.7 T. There were increased signal intensities in tumors in the APT‐weighted images. The contrast of APT imaging between the tumor and contralateral brain tissue was about 3.9% in water intensity (1.49 ± 0.66% vs −2.36 ± 0.19%) for the more uniformly hypercellular 9L brain tumors, and it was reduced to 1.6% (−1.18 ± 0.60% vs −2.77 ± 0.42%) for the human glioblastoma xenografts that contained hypocellular zones of necrosis. The preliminary results show that the APT technique at the protein level may provide a unique MRI contrast for the characterization of brain tumors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plumbagin recovery from field specimens of Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) link
Authors: Grevenstuk Tomás , Gonçalves Sandra , Nogueira José M. F. , Romano Anabela 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe naphthoquinone plumbagin has a broad spectrum of biological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of two extraction methods (Soxhlet and ultrasound‐assisted extraction) and three solvents (methanol, chloroform and hexane) to recover plumbagin from fresh and dried tissues of field specimens of Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link. The highest extraction yields were obtained with methanol as solvent and using fresh plant material. The obtained extracts were analysed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and plumbagin was the major compound present. Plumbagin was quantified in the extracts using the external standard methodology. The results obtained showed that the best recoveries of plumbagin were attained using fresh plant material and there were no significant differences between Soxhlet and ultrasound‐assisted extraction. Moreover, hexane proved to be the more appropriate solvent for the extraction of plumbagin, providing high recoveries and the most concentrated extracts, yielding 2.42 mg of plumbagin per gram of plant material with the highest degree of purity. This method is a simple and efficient one to extract large amounts of plumbagin from D. lusitanicum field specimens. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation and free radical‐scavenging activity of major curcuminoids of Curcuma longa using HPTLC‐DPPH method
Authors: Pozharitskaya Olga N. , Ivanova Svetlana A. , Shikov Alexander N. , Makarov Valery G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA direct HPTLC assay was developed for the determination of total curcuminoids and three individual curcuminoids, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. In addition, a new procedure was developed to separate and quantitative the free radical‐scavenging activity of individual compounds from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) based on the combination of HPTLC with a diode array detector (DAD) and post chromatographic DPPH• radical derivatisation. It was established that both individual curcuminoids and the extract of C. longa were capable of scavenging DPPH• radicals. From the estimated ID50 values, it can be seen that the order of activity was curcumin > demethoxycurcumin > bisdemethoxycurcumin >> ascorbic acid. However, the ID50 values of curcuminoids were not significantly different. The data indicates the presence of a synergistic mechanism of antiradical activity of curcuminoids. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of Nkx3.1 expression in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate model
Authors: Bethel Carlise R. , Bieberich Charles J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model has been extensively characterized at the histological and molecular levels, and has been shown to mimic significant features of human prostate cancer. However, the status of Nkx3.1 expression in the TRAMP model has not been elucidated.METHODSImmunohistochemical analyses were performed using dorsal, lateral, and ventral prostate (VP) lobes from ages 6 to 30 weeks. Quantitative RT‐PCR analyses were performed to determine relative mRNA expression.RESULTSHeterogeneous loss of Nkx3.1 was observed in hyperplastic lesions of the ventral, dorsal, and lateral lobes. At 6 weeks of age, the ventral lobe displayed profound loss of Nkx3.1. Diminished Nkx3.1 protein was observed in well‐ to moderately‐differentiated cancer lesions of all lobes. Poorly differentiated (PD) tumors stained negatively for Nkx3.1. Quantitative RT‐PCR analyses revealed the presence of Nkx3.1 mRNA in each lobe at all ages, albeit reduced to variable levels.CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that disease progression in the TRAMP model may be driven by loss of function of Nkx3.1, in addition to p53 and Rb. Lobe‐specific disease progression in the TRAMP model correlates with the reduction of Nkx3.1 protein. Regulation of Nkx3.1 expression during tumorigenesis appears to occur by post‐transcriptional and post‐translational mechanisms. Prostate 67: 1740–1750, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Downregulation of several fibulin genes in prostate cancer
Authors: Wlazlinski Agnes , Engers Rainer , Hoffmann Michèle J. , Hader Christiane , Jung Volker , Müller Mirko , Schulz Wolfgang A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDFibulins, encoded by FBLN genes, are extracellular matrix proteins influencing cell adhesion and migration. Altered expression of fibulins is associated with progression of several cancer types, but has not been studied in prostate cancer.METHODSExpression of FBLN1 (major splice forms C and D), FBLN4, FBLN5, SPOCK1, and TENC was compared between 47 prostate cancer samples and 13 benign prostatic tissues by quantitative RT‐PCR. Fibulin‐1 and fibulin‐5 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. Effects of androgens and the DNA methylation inhibitor 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine on fibulin expression were investigated in different prostate cancer cell lines.RESULTSOur recent microarray analysis suggested downregulation of three fibulins, FBLN1, FBLN4, and FBLN5, in prostate cancer, while two further ECM genes, SPOCK1 (testican) and TENC (tenascin C), appeared upregulated or unchanged. These observations were corroborated by quantitative RT‐PCR. Accordingly, FBLN1 and FBLN4 were weakly expressed in carcinoma lines compared to normal prostate epithelial cells (PrECs). Only FBLN4 was induced by 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine, but its promoter was unmethylated. Androgen did not affect expression of FBLN genes. The FBLN1C and FBLN1D splice forms were coordinately expressed. Fibulin‐1 protein was weakly detectable in benign PrECs, but tended to accumulate in cancer cells. Fibulin‐5 was predominantly located in the stroma with a strong gradient from the periurethral to the peripheral zone, and lost in cancers.CONCLUSIONSThree FBLN genes are significantly downregulated in prostate cancer, whereas SPOCK1 is often upregulated. FBLN5 downregulation fits its postulated anticancerous function, whereas FBLN1 and FBLN4 behave different than in certain other cancers. Prostate 67: 1770–1780, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electronic and optical properties of SiC polytypes using a transferable semi‐empirical tight‐binding model
Authors: Laref A. , Laref S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe semi‐empirical tight‐binding (TB) method within the sp3s* basis has been used to investigate the electronic structure and optical properties of silicon carbide (SiC) polytypes. A TB model for the electronic structure calculations of the (4H, 6H and 8H) SiC polytypes is presented. The procedure involves the construction of the TB Hamiltonian of the (4H, 6H and 8H) SiC polytypes from the wurtzite one. The set of TB parameters is transferable to all hexagonal structures, which overcomes the need for extensive experimental data. The band structures for different SiC polytypes are used to determine the electron effective masses. The results are shown to be consistent with available experimental data and other theoretical calculations. Furthermore, the joint densities of states are calculated. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New general solutions of plane elasticity of one‐dimensional quasicrystals
Authors: Gao Yang , Xu Bai‐Xiang , Zhao Bao‐Sheng , Chang Tian‐Chun 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA theory of general solutions of plane problems is developed for the coupled equations of plane elasticity of one‐dimensional quasicrystals. By introducing a displacement function, very large numbers of complicated equations of the in‐plane problem are simplified to a sixth‐order partial differential governing equation, and then three general solutions are presented through an operator method. Since the displacement function is required to satisfy the sixth‐order governing equation, it is still difficult to obtain rigorous analytic solutions from the higher‐order equation directly and is not applicable in most cases. Therefore, a decomposition and superposition procedure is employed to replace the higher‐order displacement function with three second‐order displacement functions, and accordingly the general solutions are simplified in terms of these functions. In consideration of different cases of three characteristic roots, the general solutions involve three cases, but all are in simple forms that are conveniently applied. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the general solutions obtained here are complete in x3‐convex domains. To illustrate the application of the general solutions obtained, the closed form solutions are obtained for wedge problems subjected to point phonon force and phason force at the apex. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)