bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pooled Results of Community Pharmacy-Based Diabetes Education Programs in Underserved Communities
Authors: Hogue Valerie W. , Babamoto Kenneth S. , Jackson Tonya B. , Cohen Lisa B. , Laitinen David L. 
Published: March 2007

Gaining access to diabetes education can be a challenge for many people with diabetes, particularly those who reside in rural or underserved communities. Community pharmacies are accessible to patients and serve as an ideal setting for the delivery of health education. This article describes the pooled results of a community pharmacy-based diabetes education program offered in three cities in the northeastern United States and demonstrating a positive impact on patients’ overall metabolic control.
CVS Health Connection is a health education resource center that was developed in three CVS/Pharmacy stores located in New Bedford, Mass.; Philadelphia, Pa.; and Washington, D.C. Each center offers health information, monitoring services, wellness classes, and referrals to local health resources.
The diabetes education program offered through CVS Health Connection is a 12-month, individualized care program based on the American Diabetes Association National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education Programs. This study included 381 patients enrolled into the program at all three sites.
As a population, the clinical profile of these patients improved significantly after enrollment in the program. In those patients with follow-up measurements, hemoglobin A1c results; fasting blood glucose levels; LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels; systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements; and diabetes knowledge scores all improved statistically (P &lt; 0.05). Only HDL cholesterol levels and quality of life scores did not improve significantly. While data for this study were gathered using a real-world collection approach, its results have important implications for community pharmacy-based programs to be developed in the future.
The Family Approach to Diabetes Management: Theory Into Practice Toward the Development of a New Paradigm
Authors: Solowiejczyk Joe 
Published: March 2007

In Brief
Family dynamics have been shown to have an impact on diabetes management and metabolic control in children and adolescents. This article discusses the use of a novel approach to working with adolescents and their families, which has had positive clinical results in terms of both management behaviors and metabolic control.
Transforming Diabetes Health Care
Authors: Hupke Cindy , Camp Anne W. , Chaufournier Roger , Langley Gerald J. , Little Kevin 
Published: March 2007

In Brief
An initiative of the Department of Health and Human Services Bureau of Primary Health Care demonstrates that system-wide changes to improve care for chronically ill, underserved patients are possible and sustainable. Through the bureau’s Health Disparities Collaboratives, nearly 400 federally qualified health centers are focusing on the delivery of high quality care for people with diabetes and are testing and implementing system-wide changes using the Breakthrough Series model, the Chronic Care Model, and the Model for Improvement. This article describes that initiative and some of the results it has achieved collaboratively across the country.
Constructing a Bridge Across the Quality Chasm: A Practical Way to Get Healthier, Happier Patients, Providers, and Health Care Delivery Systems
Authors: McCulloch David K. , Davis Connie , Austin Brian T. , Wagner Edward H. 
Published: March 2007

In Brief
Usual medical care is not organized to make for effective and productive interaction between medical providers and their patients. This article highlights this problem by describing a typical office visit from the perspectives of a patient and a primary care physician. It then describes the development of the Chronic Care Model, which provides practical suggestions for how to change several aspects of the organization and delivery of health care to improve this situation.
Gaseous Signaling: Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide as Messenger Molecules
Authors: Chung Kenny K. K. , Dawson Valina L. , Dawson Ted M. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

The concept of a gaseous molecule as a signaling messenger was unthinkable before 1980s. However, it is now well‐recognized that nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule in different organisms. Carbon monoxide coordinates together with NO to modulate signal transduction. First described as endothelium‐derived relaxing factor, NO controls a wide range of biological processes. The action of NO is mainly through its reaction with metal or cysteine residues on proteins. For example, the vessel dilation effect of NO is mediated through the activation of guanylate cyclase by the formation of iron nitroysl within the active site of the enzyme. Another more common signaling mechanism is
S
‐nitrosylation through the reaction of NO on cysteine residues of proteins. A number of proteins are modified by
S
‐nitrosylation and it is an important redox signaling mechanism for the control of a broad range of physiologic and cellular functions. The pathophysiological importance of this modification is demonstrated by recent studies showing that the imbalance o nitrosylation is correlated to various human diseases. Thus, the in‐depth understanding of how
S
‐nitrosylation can control different physiological and cellular processes will provide valuable information in the development of new therapeutic targets for different diseases in the future.
Psychopharmacology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Martino Adriana Di , Dickstein Steven G. , Zuddas Alessandro , Castellanos F. Xavier 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) and autistic disorder in particular are neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction and communication skills and by the presence of restricted and stereotyped behaviors, interests, and activities. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these three core symptom clusters are not yet fully understood, and currently there are no treatments which cure these core features of PDD. Psychosocial treatment modalities for individuals with PDD include special education, language therapy, and family support, each of which aims to improve global functioning and increase adaptability. Pharmacotherapy may play an essential role in augmenting an individual's ability to participate fully in these treatments, especially in individuals who have maladaptive behaviors and those with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Pharmacological strategies intend to reduce either the intensity of core symptoms of PDD or the interference of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Clinicians must judiciously use medications that treat the symptoms of comorbid disorders or the symptoms associated with the core triad of PDD. Most recently, in placebo‐controlled trials, risperidone and serotonim selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been shown to reduce the restricted behaviors, interests, and activities of some individuals with PDD. In this chapter, we review current pharmacological studies on PDD. Specifically, we will highlight published studies of typical and atypical antipsychotics, serotonergic agents, mood stabilizers, stimulants, α‐2‐adrenergic medications, and others. General pharmacotherapy strategies to target symptom domains in PDD are then discussed.
Antiobesity Pharmacotherapy: Current Treatment Options and Future Perspectives
Authors: Shi Yuguang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis chapter provides a summary of historic perspectives and currently available pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment of obesity. An overview is provided on the pipeline of anti‐obesity drugs currently in development; with emphasis on the central mechanisms of these drug candidates. The obesity drug market has encountered frequent problems in the past with limited efficacy, toxicity, and strong resistance of the system to perturbation. These hurdles can be overcome in the future with progress in our understanding of the complicated and often redundant pathways that safeguards the energy metabolism for survival under both feast and famine conditions. To be ultimately successful, obesity treatments may require combination therapies that target both central and peripheral mechanisms as well as behavior modifications to achieve sustained weight loss effect.
A Route to Self‐Organized Honeycomb Microstructured Polystyrene Films and Their Chemical Characterization by ToF‐SIMS Imaging
Authors: Yunus S. , Delcorte A. , Poleunis C. , Bertrand P. , Bolognesi A. , Botta C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new type of polymer compound that allows the formation of highly ordered microstructured films by casting from a volatile solvent in the presence of humidity, and its characterization by ToF‐SIMS (time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry) are presented. A honeycomb structure is obtained by activation of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO)‐terminated polystyrene (PS) with p‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). The mechanism of this activation reaction, leading to a more polar PS termination, is deduced from simple experiments and supported by ToF‐SIMS characterization. Positive and negative ToF‐SIMS imaging allows different chemical regions correlating to the film morphology to be distinguished. This new, straightforward activation process, together with ToF‐SIMS chemical imaging, provides a better understanding of the phenomena underlying the formation of these films by directly linking the role of polar terminations to the microscale self‐organization. This new method, transposable to other organic acids, suggests interesting new perspectives in the field of self‐organized chemical and topographical patterning.
Topological analysis of citation networks to discover the future core articles
Authors: Shibata Naoki , Kajikawa Yuya , Matsushima Katsumori 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this article, we investigated the factors determining the capability of academic articles to be cited in the future using a topological analysis of citation networks. The basic idea is that articles that will have many citations were in a “similar” position topologically in the past. To validate this hypothesis, we investigated the correlation between future times cited and three measures of centrality: clustering centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality. We also analyzed the effect of aging as well as of self‐correlation of times cited. Case studies were performed in the two following recent representative innovations: Gallium Nitride and Complex Networks. The results suggest that times cited is the main factor in explaining the near future times cited, and betweenness centrality is correlated with the distant future times cited. The effect of topological position on the capability to be cited is influenced by the migrating phenomenon in which the activated center of research shifts from an existing domain to a new emerging domain.
Steric and electrostatic interactions govern nanofiltration of amino acids
Authors: Shim Yongki , Chellam Shankararaman 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCrossflow nanofiltration experiments were performed to investigate the factors influencing the removal of amino acids by a commercially available polymeric thin‐film composite membrane. The removals of five monoprotic (Ala, Val, Leu, Gly, and Thr), one diprotic (Asp), and one dibasic (Arg) amino acids in a range of permeate fluxes, feed pH values, and ionic strengths were analyzed using a phenomenological model of membrane transport. At any given pH and ionic strength, reflection coefficients (rejection at asymptotically infinite flux) of monoprotic amino acids increased with molar radius demonstrating the role of steric interactions on their removal. Additionally, consistent with Donnan exclusion, higher reflection coefficients were obtained when the membrane and the amino acids both carried the same nature of charge (positive or negative). In other words, both co‐ion repulsion and molecular size determined amino acids removal. Importantly, the removal of effectively neutral amino acids were significantly higher than neutral sugars and alcohols of similar size demonstrating that even near their isoelectric point, zwitterionic characteristics preclude them from being considered as strictly neutral. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98; 451–461. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Specific volume and adiabatic compressibility measurements of native and aggregated recombinant human interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist: Density differences enable pressure‐modulated refolding
Authors: Seefeldt Matthew B. , Crouch Chris , Kendrick Brent , Randolph Theodore W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHigh hydrostatic pressures have been used to dissociate non‐native protein aggregates and foster refolding to the native conformation. In this study, partial specific volume and adiabatic compressibility measurements were used to examine the volumetric contributions to pressure‐modulated refolding. The thermodynamics of pressure‐modulated refolding from non‐native aggregates of recombinant human interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) were determined by partial specific volume and adiabatic compressibility measurements. Aggregates of IL‐1ra formed at elevated temperatures (55°C) were found to be less dense than native IL‐1ra and refolded at 31°C under 1,500 bar pressure with a yield of 57%. Partial specific adiabatic compressibility measurements suggest that the formation of solvent‐free cavities within the interior of IL‐1ra aggregates cause the apparent increase in specific volume. Dense, pressure‐stable aggregates could be formed at 2,000 bar which could not be refolded with additional high pressure treatment, demonstrating that aggregate formation conditions and structure dictate pressure‐modulated refolding yields. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98; 476–485. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐throughput screening of packed‐bed chromatography coupled with SELDI‐TOF MS analysis: monoclonal antibodies versus host cell protein
Authors: Wierling Pierre Schulze , Bogumil Ralf , Knieps‐Grünhagen Esther , Hubbuch Jürgen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA feasibility study to couple high throughput screening of packed bed chromatography with mass spectrometric detection by SELDI‐TOF MS is presented. As model system monoclonal antibodies (mAb) versus host cell protein (HCP) from an industrial cultivation was chosen. Packed bed chromatography was screened on a TECAN Evo Freedom 200 station using miniaturized chromatographic columns placed on a specially designed array carrier linked to a commercially available T‐Stack module. Gradient elution of the bound proteins was performed by applying a multiple step strategy. When analyzing selected HCP peaks as well as the detected antibody peaks throughout the chromatographic runs a direct correlation between applied and detected components was established. The sensitivity of conventional protein A chromatography was found to be lower than SELDI‐TOF MS analysis. During initial screening a shift in the elution pattern for one of the monoclonal antibodies detected with all four resins was identified to be a heterogeneity in the mAb glycosylation pattern. In addition, a detailed differentiation between various HCP fractions through out the chromatographic process using SELDI‐TOF analysis let to the detection of HCP components possibly adhering to the mAbs during chromatographic separations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98; 440–450. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The reversibility of postgastrectomy alkaline reflux gastritis by a Roux-en-Y loop
Authors: Lawson H H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Partial gastrectomies were carried out in 6 dogs. All developed stomal gastritis. Prevention of reflux by a Roux-en-Y loop allowed the mucosa to return to histological normality. These findings support the use of this procedure for the condition of postgastrectomy reflux gastritis in human subjects, and explain the need for a vagotomy at the same operation.
Depression of immune responsiveness in breast and large-bowel tumours as measured by heterophile antibody activity
Authors: Thomas Gareth G , Fox Miles 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Decrease in heterophile antibody activity to cow, pig, and sheep red blood-cells was found in groups of patients with large-bowel and breast tumours irrespective of the extent and spread of the tumour or the length of known history. The significance of these observations is discussed in the light of known cancer-surveillance mechanisms. The findings may reflect decreased host immunological resistance to these tumours even in the early stage of their development, and the measurement of heterophile antibody activity may provide a useful and uncomplicated screening test.
Mucous extravasation theory as a cause of plunging ranulas
Authors: Roediger W E W , Lloyd P , Lawson H H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The theory that plunging ranulas arise as a result of mucous extravasation from the sublingual salivary gland is investigated.
Biochemical, histochemical, and histological results support the view that plunging ranulas are salivary gland extravasations, which most probably arise from the sublingual gland.
Two cases of plunging ranula were treated by primary excision of the sublingual gland through the mouth.
The successful results support the view that the extravasating source is the sublingual gland.
Inactivation of pentagastrin by the liver
Authors: Wyllie J H , Stagg B H , Temperley J M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Pentagastrin is deamidated to pentagastrin acid by high-speed supernatant preparations obtained from rat, dog and human liver. The product, which contains all the amino acids in the parent substance, is biologically inactive. Experiments with pentagastrin labelled with carbon 14 indicate that this reaction also occurs in intact dogs.
Stress—a significant factor in venous thrombosis?
Authors: Britton B J , Hawkey Christine , Wood W G , Peele Muriel 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The changes in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and sympatho–adrenal activity have been studied in 30 patients before, during and after elective surgery. The significance of adrenaline in the causation of the changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis has been investigated in three experimental models, using in man the adrenergic stimulus produced by exercise and in sheep the adrenergic stimulus produced by haemorrhage.
During exercise in man the coagulation change closely correlated with the adrenaline response but fibrinolysis did not. Furthermore, the coagulation response was modified by beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol, oxprenolol, pindolol and butoxamine but not practolol, suggesting that this response was mediated by the beta−2 adrenergic receptor. Fibrinolysis was not inhibited by these drugs.
Substantiation and development of these findings could lead to a new approach to the problem of venous thrombosis by inhibiting the coagulation changes that occur with surgery, without altering the fibrinolytic response.
Long term review of the results of rubber band ligation of haemorrhoids
Authors: Steinberg David M , Liegois H , Alexander-Williams J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A long term assessment (mean 4.8 years) of the value of rubber band ligation treatment for haemorrhoids has been obtained by a questionnaire answered by 125 of 147 patients. Eighty-nine per cent of patients were cured or satisfied with the results of treatment, although complete absence of symptoms was only obtained in 44 per cent. Further conservative treatment (rubber band ligation or manual dilatation) was required in 12 per cent and only 3 (2 per cent) have had a haemor-rhoidectomy. Similar results were obtained for patients with the additional symptoms of pain and irritation, the presence of large skin tags and for the majority of third degree piles.
Gynaecomastia
Authors: Hamer D B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
There are two different types of male breast enlargement—gynaecomastia and mammaplasia. A series of 53 consecutive patients with one of these conditions is presented. In the younger age group treatment has usually been conservative, surgery only being advocated when the diagnosis was in doubt or for cosmetic reasons. In the older age group the diagnosis must be confirmed histologically. The incidence of underlying conditions is much higher in this series than in any previously reported.
The construction of a skin-lined hemithorax in pigs
Authors: Wosornu Lade 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The feasibility of creating a skin-lined hemithorax was tested in 6 pigs. All the pigs survived intrapleural skin grafting, and within 3 weeks they doubled their mean initial weight from 16·0 ± 1·6 kg to 32·4 ± 2s·6 kg. In 4 (out of 4) pigs the skin-lined cavity was opened successfully to the exterior; it had reproduced closely the contour of the hemithorax. It is concluded that it is feasible to construct a skin-lined hemithorax with a mean volume of 276·0 ± 19·6 ml in pigs, whose mean body weight was 37·5 ± 2·5 kg. This confirms earlier work in the rat.
Caecal rupture due to colonic ileus
Authors: Gierson Eugene D , Storm F Kristian , Shaw William , Coyne Susan K 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Caecal rupture due to colonic ileus is rare and has a mortality rate of 43 per cent. Three new cases are presented and the 18 previously reported cases are reviewed. The disease has always occurred in association with another illness, has usually afflicted patients over the age of 55 and has only resulted when the caecum was at least 9 cm in diameter. The technique of ‘blowhole’ caecostomy, a method for decompressing the distended caecum, is described.
Bilateral extradural haematomas
Authors: Subrahmanian M V , Rajendraprasad G B , Rao B Dibbala 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eleven cases of bilateral extradural haematomas were encountered in a total of 49 cases of extradural haematoma during a period of 4 years among 1000 consecutive cases of acute head injury. Assault was held responsible for 60 per cent of the total head injuries. Most of the patients were seen late; 8 were already unconscious and 5 had dilated fixed pupils. All 11 patients died, 4 soon after admission. Nine cases were found to have associated brain damage at autopsy. In 2 cases bilateral extradural haematomas with compression of the brain were the only intracranial abnormalities. In 4 cases a clot was missed on conventional exploration.
The surgical management of ingrowing toenail
Authors: Murray W R , Bedi B S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A retrospective review has been carried out on 200 randomly selected patients with ingrowing toenail in order to assess the surgical management and its results. There was a predominance of males between the ages of 11 and 30 with an ingrowing toenail. Despite the high recurrence rate following simple avulsion of the toenail, its place in the initial management of the condition is justified. As regards more-definitive surgery, total proximal nail bed ablation was found to give the best results. Sepsis at the time of operation neither increased the recurrence rate nor caused severe postoperative sepsis.
A surgical management policy for the treatment of ingrowing toenail is outlined and discussed.