bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic potential of self‐antigen‐specific CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells selected in vitro from a polyclonal repertoire
Authors: Fisson Sylvain , Djelti Fathia , Trenado Aurélie , Billiard Fabienne , Liblau Roland , Klatzmann David , Cohen José L. , Salomon Benoît L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) play a major role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases. Converging evidence indicates that Treg specific for self‐antigens expressed by target tissues have a greater therapeutic potential than polyclonal Treg. Therefore, the selective expansion of rare self‐antigen‐specific Treg naturally present in a polyclonal repertoire of Treg is of major importance. In this work, we investigated the potential of different dendritic cell (DC) subsets to expand antigen‐specific Treg in mice. The in vitro selective expansion of rare islet‐specific Treg from polyclonal Treg could only be achieved efficiently by stimulation with CD8+ splenic DC presenting islet antigens. These islet‐specific Treg exerted potent bystander suppression on diabetogenic T cells and prevented type 1 diabetes. This approach opens new perspectives for cell therapy of autoimmune diseases.See accompanying commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200635967
Dendritic cells modified to express fractalkine/CX3CL1 in the treatment of preexisting tumors
Authors: Nukiwa Mio , Andarini Sita , Zaini Jamal , Xin Hong , Kanehira Masahiko , Suzuki Takuji , Fukuhara Tatsuro , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki , Hayakawa Takao , Saijo Yasuo , Nukiwa Toshihiro , Kikuchi Toshiaki 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFractalkine (CX3CL1) is a unique membrane‐bound CX3C chemokine that serves as a potent chemoattractant for lymphocytes. The hypothesis of this study is that dendritic cells (DC) genetically modifiedex vivoto overexpress fractalkine would enhance the T cell‐mediated cellular immune response with a consequent induction of anti‐tumor immunity to suppress tumor growth. To prove this hypothesis, established tumors of different mouse cancer cells (B16‐F10 melanoma, H‐2b, and Colon‐26 colon adenocarcinoma, H‐2d) were treated with intratumoral injection of bone marrow‐derived DC that had been modifiedin vitrowith an RGD fiber‐mutant adenovirus vector expressing mouse fractalkine (Ad‐FKN). In both tumor models tested, treatment of tumor‐bearing mice with Ad‐FKN‐transduced DC gave rise to a significant suppression of tumor growth along with survival advantages in the treated mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors treated with direct injection of Ad‐FKN‐transduced DC demonstrated that the treatment prompted CD8+T cells and CD4+T cells to accumulate in the tumor milieu, leading to activation of immune‐relevant processes. Consistent with the finding, the intratumoral administration of Ad‐FKN‐transduced DC evoked tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which ensued fromin vivopriming of Th1 immune responses in the treated host. In addition, the anti‐tumor effect provided by intratumoral injection of Ad‐FKN‐transduced DC was completely abrogated in CD4+T cell‐deficient mice as well as in CD8+T cell‐deficient mice. These results support the concept that genetic modification of DC with a recombinant fractalkine adenovirus vector may be a useful strategy for cancer immunotherapy protocols.
Cross‐linking tumor cells with effector cells via CD55 with a bispecific mAb induces β‐glucan‐dependent CR3‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Authors: Gelderman Kyra A. , Lam Suzanne , Sier Cornelis F. , Gorter Arko 
Published: March 2006

AbstractComplement (C) regulatory proteins decrease the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic anti‐cancer antibodies. Bispecific mAb (bi‐mAb) that target a tumor antigen and simultaneously inhibit a C regulator increase the effectiveness of such a therapy. Here we investigated the mechanism by which bi‐mAb increase tumor cell lysis. Apart from C‐dependent cytotoxicity, C activation can lead to complement receptor 3 (CR3)‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (CR3‐DCC) by CR3‐positive effector cells in the presence of β‐glucan. Here we show that an anti‐Ep‐CAM*anti‐CD55 bi‐mAb induced more than threefold higher CR3‐DCC (71%) of human colorectal cancer cells compared with anti‐Ep‐CAM alone (20%). This CR3‐DCC was dependent on the binding of the anti‐CD55 arm of tumor‐bound anti‐Ep‐CAM*anti‐CD55 bi‐mAb to effector cell CD55, CR3 priming by β‐glucan and the presence of iC3b on the target cell. Comparable lysis could be obtained in the absence of iC3b, when CR3 and CD55 were cross‐linked on the effector cells, suggesting cooperation between CD55 and CR3 in signal transduction. Tumor cells with low antigen expression were effectively lysed via this mechanism in contrast to direct C‐dependent cytotoxicity. These data imply that the effectiveness of mAb immunotherapy can be improved using anti‐tumor antigen*anti‐CD55 bi‐mAb and β‐glucan, thereby initiating CR3‐DCC as an additional effector mechanism that is efficient for eradication of tumor cells with lower antigen expression.
Comparison of different CpG oligodeoxynucleotide classes for their capability to stimulate human NK cells
Authors: Sivori Simona , Carlomagno Simona , Moretta Lorenzo , Moretta Alessandro 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG ODN) mimic the immunostimulatory activity of microbial DNA via Toll‐like receptor (TLR)9. Previous studies indicated that human NK cells express functional TLR3 and TLR9, since their cytokine release and cytolytic function could be incremented by poly(I:C) or ODN A/B, respectively. We have now evaluated the capability of a novel class of CpG ODN, termed ODN C, to modulate the function of human NK cells in the presence of exogenous cytokines. We show that NK cells isolated from peripheral blood and cultured with ODN C, in the presence of either IL‐12 or IL‐8, express higher levels of CD69 as compared to those stimulated with either ODN A or ODN B. Moreover, NK cells cultured with ODN C displayed higher cytolytic activity against tumor cell lines. These effects were not confined to freshly isolated peripheral blood NK cells since polyclonal NK cell populations that had been cultured in the presence of exogenous IL‐2 for several weeks also displayed higher cytolytic activity and cytokine release after culture in the presence of ODN C. Remarkably, NK cells displaying poor responses to ODN A/B were efficiently stimulated by ODN C.
Electronic Characterisation and Significant Second‐Order NLO Response of 10,20‐Diphenylporphyrins and Their ZnII Complexes Substituted in the meso Position with π‐Delocalised Linkers Carrying Push or Pull Groups
Authors: Morotti Tamara , Pizzotti Maddalena , Ugo Renato , Quici Silvio , Bruschi Maurizio , Mussini Patrizia , Righetto Stefania 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis and the electronic characterisation by electronic absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and dipole moments of diphenyl porphyrins and their ZnII complexes substituted at the meso position by a pseudo‐linear π‐delocalised substituent carrying an electron‐donor or an electron‐withdrawing group. The second‐order NLO response was investigated by the EFISH technique working with a nonresonant incident wavelength of 1.907 μm. This work confirms the ambivalent role of the polarisable porphyrin ring, which, already in the ground state, acts as a donor or acceptor depending on the nature (acceptor or donor) of the substituent in the meso position, as was pointed out in our previous work on tetraphenyl porphyrins substituted at the β‐pyrrolic position. The second‐order NLO response has been discussed by comparing the nature of the substituent (electron donor or acceptor) and the kind of substitution (β pyrrolic or meso). This comparison evidenced a significant increase of the electron‐donor properties of NBu2 or NMe2 when they are connected to the meso position or to the β‐pyrrolic position, probably because of an auxiliary donor effect of the electron‐rich porphyrin ring. When the substituent is the electron‐withdrawing NO2 group, the substituent position (meso or β pyrrolic) is influential, with the existance of a significant increase in the second order NLO response when substitution occurs at the meso position. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Dipolar Organoiron Pyranylideneacetaldehyde Hydrazone Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 6/2006)
Authors: Millán Lorena , Fuentealba Mauricio , Manzur Carolina , Carrillo David , Faux Nadèege , Caro Bertrand , Robin‐Le Guen Françoise , Sinbandhit Sourisak , Ledoux‐Rak Isabelle , Hamon Jean‐René 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe cover picture shows the crystal structure of the cationic organometallic κ‐conjugated push–pull chromophore combining the mixed sandwich acceptor group [CpFe(η6‐p‐MeC6H4)]+, associated with the 2‐tert‐butyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ylidene donor through the asymmetric hydrazone spacer –NH–N=CH–. This dipolar chromophore exhibits solvatochromic properties, low‐lying intramolecular charge‐transfer transition and enhanced second‐order NLO properties (μβ), as measured with the EFISH technique at 1.907 μm. The scientific cooperation between researchers from the Southern Hemisphere (Chile) and the Northern Hemisphere (France) is symbolised not only by the Southern Cross but also by the NaCl crystals of the salt desert El Salar de Atacama. Details are discussed in the article by C. Manzur, D. Carrillo, B. Caro, J.‐R. Hamon et al. on p. 1131 ff.
Deodorization of lipase‐interesterified butterfat and rapeseed oil blends in a pilot deodorizer
Authors: Rønne Torben H. , Jacobsen Charlotte , Xu Xuebing 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA mixture of butterfat and rapeseed oil (7 : 3, wt/wt) was interesterified using immobilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus at 50 °C. The interesterified mixture was then deodorized at five temperatures (60–180 °C) and three samples were withdrawn at 1, 2, and 3 h. The operation was monitored by free fatty acid (FFA) content, peroxide value (PV), volatiles, and the sensory evaluation of the samples with respect to flavor and odor (most importantly the butter flavor and odor and the off‐flavor and odor from butyric acid). ANOVA partial least squares regression analysis showed that deodorization time, and especially deodorization temperature, significantly affected the sensory properties and levels of volatiles, FFA and peroxides in the samples. The best compromise between removing undesirable off‐flavors while maintaining the desirable butter flavor seemed to be obtained by using a deodorization temperature of 120 °C for 2 h. Response surface methodology analysis showed a significant effect of deodorization temperature and, to a lesser extent, deodorization time. The butter flavor and odor had an optimum at a deodorization temperature of approximately 100–120 °C for 1–2 h. These conditions are therefore recommended in order to remove the off‐flavor and odor, while maintaining as much as possible of the attractive butter flavor and odor.
Storage stability of margarines produced from enzymatically interesterified fats compared to those prepared by conventional methods – Chemical properties
Authors: Zhang Hong , Jacobsen Charlotte , Pedersen Lars Saaby , Christensen Morten Würtz , Adler‐Nissen Jens 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this study, four margarine hardstocks were produced, two from enzymatically interesterified fats at 80 and 100% conversion, one from chemically randomized fat and one from physically mixed fat. These four hardstocks, blended with 50% sunflower oil, were mainly used for the production of table margarines in a pilot plant. Storage stability studies were carried out at storage temperatures of 5 and 25 °C for 12 wk. Margarines from the enzymatically interesterified fats were compared to the margarines produced by the conventional methods (chemical interesterification and physical blending) and to selected commercial margarines. The changes in the chemical properties of the products, including peroxide values (PV), tocopherols, free fatty acids, volatile oxidation products, and sensory evaluation, were examined during storage. It was observed that the margarine produced from the chemically interesterified fat had higher PV in weeks 4, 8 and 10 than the margarines produced from the enzymatically interesterified fats and the physically blended fat. These differences were not caused by different contents of tocopherols in the hardstocks. The differences between the processes for chemical and enzymatic interesterification, including further treatment stages, might be responsible for the development of a high PV in the margarine produced from the chemically interesterified fat. However, the contents of volatiles did not show the same tendency as observed for PV for the margarines stored at 25 °C during 12 wk. Storage at 25 °C accelerated oxidation compared to storage at 5 °C. The content of δ‐ and γ‐tocopherols decreased faster than the content of α‐ and β‐tocopherols during storage. This phenomenon was only affected by storage time, not by storage temperature. Sensory analysis did not show consistent differences between the produced margarines and commercial margarines, and no hydrolysis occurred for these four margarines during storage. The margarines produced from the enzymatically interesterified fats had low PV and a similar taste and smell compared to the margarine produced from the chemically interesterified fat.
Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Podands for Pb2+ Recognition
Authors: Lyskawa Joël , Le Derf Franck , Levillain Eric , Mazari Miloud , Sallé Marc 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe synthesis and design optimization of a series of new redox‐reponsive ligands built around the tetrathiafulvalene electroactive core and incorporating two to four pendant polyether binding sites are described. A comparative study of the recognition properties of these podand‐TTFs forlead(II) has been carried out by cyclic voltammetry. The design optimization produced a ligand (1c) that exhibits a remarkably high affinity for lead(II), as shown by electronic absorption spectroscopy, 1H NMR titration studies and cyclic voltammetry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
An Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Bromo‐3‐hydroxy Esters by Reaction of Ketones with Ethyl Dibromoacetate Promoted by Samarium Diiodide
Authors: Concellón José M. , Concellón Carmen , Diaz Pamela 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA simple and efficient samarium diiodide mediated synthesis of 2‐bromo‐3‐hydroxy esters 1 by the reaction of a variety of ketones 2 with ethyl dibromoacetate (3) is described. The relative configuration of the major diastereoisomer obtained was established by NOESY experiments of the corresponding α,β‐epoxy esters 4 prepared from 1. Additionally, a mechanism is proposed to explain the results obtained. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Functionalized 1‐Alkoxy‐1,3‐dienes: Their Preparation and Applications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Authors: Deagostino Annamaria , Prandi Cristina , Zavattaro Chiara , Venturello Paolo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe reaction of various α,β‐unsaturated acetals with two equivalents of the Schlosser reagent LIC‐KOR [equimolar mixture of BuLi (LIC), and tBuOK (KOR)] gives 1‐metalated (1E)‐1‐alkoxy‐1,3‐dienes. These products can be transformed into trienic derivatives that are apt to participate in intramolecular Diels–Alder (IMDA) cycloaddition reactions, and can also be transformed into bifunctional (γ‐halo‐α‐carbonyl) reagents. Moreover, the metalated dienes can be readily functionalized with suitable electrophiles to afford products that have been found to be useful reagents for the Stille and Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions or arylated according to the conditions of the Heck process. Other significant syntheses of dienic and polyenic structures are reported along with some of their applications in organic synthesis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Dediazoniation of 4‐Nitrobenzenediazonium Ions in Acidic MeOH/H2O Mixtures: Role of Acidity and MeOH Concentration on the Formation of Transient Diazo Ethers that Initiate Homolytic Dediazoniation
Authors: Pazo‐Llorente Roman , Maskill Howard , Bravo‐Diaz Carlos , Gonzalez‐Romero Elisa 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe have investigated the dediazoniation of 4‐nitrobenzenediazonium (4NBD) ions in MeOH/H2O mixtures under acidic conditions at 50 °C employing a combination of spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques. The kinetic behaviour is quite complex; in the absence of MeOH, the dediazoniations follow first‐order kinetics with a half‐life t1/2 = 1383 min, but the addition of small concentrations of MeOH lead to more rapid but non‐first‐order kinetics, suggestive of a radical mechanism, with t1/2 ≈ 6 min at 10 % MeOH. Further increases in the MeOH concentration slow down the rate of dediazoniation and reactions progressively revert to first‐order behaviour, with clean first‐order kinetics at percentages of MeOH higher than 90 % (t1/2 ≈ 77 min). The analyses of the reaction mixtures by HPLC indicate up to four dediazoniation products depending on the particular experimental conditions. These are 4‐nitrophenol (ArOH), 4‐nitroanisole (ArOMe), nitrobenzene (ArH), and 4,4′‐dinitrobiphenyl (DNB), this last product being detected only at MeOH percentages in the range 0.5–15 %. In the absence of MeOH, ArOH is the only product and formed in quantitative yield; however, at only 20 % MeOH, ArOH is down to less than 10 % and the reduction product, ArH, is obtained in more than 90 %. Upon increasing the MeOH content further, the formation of ArOMe becomes competitive and, at 99 % MeOH, both ArH (60 %) and ArOMe (40 %) are obtained. The observed rate constants, kobsd., or half‐lives, t1/2, are the same regardless of whether they are determined by monitoring product formation (by a well‐established product derivatization protocol followed by HPLC measurements) or reactant decomposition (obtained UV spectrophotometrically). At any given MeOH content, the plot of kobsd. or t1/2 values against the acidity (defined as –log [HCl]) is S‐shaped, the inflexion point depending upon the MeOH concentration. The complex behaviour can be accounted for by two competitive mechanisms, and whichever is dominant depends upon the acidity and the composition of the aqueous methanol solvent. Furthermore, the acid‐dependence of the switch between the homolytic and heterolytic mechanisms suggests the homolytic dediazoniation proceeds via transient diazo ethers. Thus, the MeOH molecules react with ArN2+ to yield an O‐coupling adduct in a highly unstable Z configuration, i.e. a (Z)‐diazo ether. Subsequently, this undergoes homolytic fragmentation which initiates a radical process. In the polar alternative, the methanol simply solvates the ArN2+ ions, allowing them to undergo thermal heterolysis, i.e. a DN + AN mechanism via the aryl cation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Enantioselective Butenolide Preparation for Straightforward Asymmetric Syntheses of γ‐Lactones – Paraconic Acids, Avenaciolide, and Hydroxylated Eleutherol
Authors: Braukmüller Stefan , Brückner Reinhard 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe naturally occurring γ‐lactones (+)‐methylenolactocin (13) and its enantiomer, (+)‐protolichesterinic acid (14) and its enantiomer, (+)‐rocellaric acid (15), and the methylene bis(γ‐lactone) (–)‐avenaciolide (16) were synthesized with 95–98 % ees in very few steps. Enantiocontrol was imposed by the asymmetric dihydroxylation of trans‐configured β,γ‐unsaturated carboxylic esters (namely compounds 1i, 1j, and 1n) with AD mix‐α® [for the levorotatory target structures, except for (–)‐avenaciolide] or AD mix‐β® [for the dextrorotatory target structures plus (–)‐avenaciolide]. β,γ‐Unsaturated carboxylic ester 1e required increased amounts of the oxidant and auxiliary to produce the hydroxy lactone R,R‐3e, a precursor of the naphtho‐γ‐lactone (+)‐9‐hydroxyeleutherol (12; 96 % ee). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Complex Formation in the Region of Metal Hydrolysis and M(OH)2 Precipitation. A Glass Electrode Potentiometric and Polarographic Study of Cd–(AMPSO)x–(OH)y and Zn–(AMPSO)x–(OH)y Systems
Authors: Machado Carina M. M. , Cukrowski Ignacy , Soares Helena M. V. M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe interaction between cadmium or zinc and AMPSO was investigated by DCP and GEP, at fixed total ligand to total metal concentration ratios and various pH values, at 25.0 °C and 0.1 M KNO3 ionic strength. For Cd–(AMPSO)x–(OH)y system, CdL and CdL(OH) species, were identified, with stability constants values set to (as log β): 2.1±0.1 and 6.2±0.2, respectively. For Zn–(AMPSO)x–(OH)y system, the proposed final model with stability constants set to (as log β) is: ZnL=2.5±0.1 and ZnL(OH)2=12.9±0.2. For both systems, the fact that AMPSO deprotonation occurs in the metal hydrolysis and M(OH)2 precipitation and the complexes formed are not too strong added a real challenge to data interpretation.
Ascorbic Acid Oxidation at Nonmodified and Copper‐Modified Polyaniline and Poly‐ortho‐methoxyaniline Coated Electrodes
Authors: Komsiyska Lidiya , Tsakova Vessela 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation of ascorbate ions is comparatively studied at polyaniline (PANI) and poly‐ortho‐methoxyaniline (POMA) layers in absence and presence of electrodeposited copper species. In comparison to PANI, POMA layers allow decreasing the overpotential necessary for driving the ascorbate oxidation reaction. A nonlinear dependence of the ascorbate oxidation current on the polymer layer redox charge is found. Copper electrodeposited in PANI and POMA layers is electrocatalytically active for the investigated reaction. Two separate oxidation waves are observed in the case of Cu‐PANI whereas a single ascorbate oxidation wave and enhanced currents are found in the Cu‐POMA case.
A comparison of machine‐learning classifiers for selecting money managers
Authors: Ludwig Robert S. , Piovoso Michael J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMachine‐learning algorithms have performed well on noisy datasets that are typical of financial data. This paper compares the performance of three types of machine‐learning classifier for selecting money managers. Naïve Bayes, neural network and decision tree learners were applied to a dataset of US equity managers. Although other studies have suggested that the performance of classifiers appears to be highly dependent on the nature of the problem and the dataset, the learning algorithms each had similar predictive accuracy and all outperformed by a substantial margin simple manager selection rules that are typical of the ways in which money managers and mutual funds are selected by investors. The results indicate that machine learners can be used as a decision‐support aid to improve the selection of money managers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating the effect of smoking on birth outcomes using a matched panel data approach
Authors: Abrevaya Jason 
Published: March 2006

AbstractEstimating the casual effect of smoking on birth outcomes is difficult since omitted (unobserved) variables are likely to be correlated with a mother's decision to smoke. While some previous work has dealt with this endogeneity problem by using instrumental variables, this paper instead attempts to estimate the smoking effect from panel data (i.e., data on mothers with multiple births). Panel data sets are constructed with matching algorithms applied to federal natality data. The fixed effects regressions, which control for individual heterogeneity, yield significantly different results from ordinary least squares and previous instrumental variable approaches. The potential inconsistency caused by ‘false matches’ and other violations of the fixed effects strict exogeneity assumption are considered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.