bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verhalten feuerverzinkter Bewehrungsstähle in alkalischem Beton unter Berücksichtigung des Alkali‐ und Chromatgehaltes der verwendeten Zemente. Zusammenfassung des bekannten Wissens
Authors: Nürnberger Ulf 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBei Kontakt von verzinkten Einbauteilen mit dem alkalischen Milieu von Frischbeton können kurzzeitig Zinkkorrosion und Wasserstoffbildung auftreten. Diese Erscheinungen sind ausgeprägter, wenn anstelle von chromathaltigen Zementen chromatreduzierte Zemente verwendet werden; der gleichzeitige Einsatz von Zementen mit hoher Alkalität verstärkt die genannten Korrosionserscheinungen weiter.Durch die Wasserstoffbildung wird nach bisherigen Erkenntnissen das Verbundverhalten von verzinkten Betonstählen auf Dauer nicht nachteilig beeinflusst. Es können jedoch Veränderungen der Oberflächenstruktur des Betons durch den im Frischbeton aufsteigenden Wasserstoff vorkommen. Dem Problem kann durch eine Verwendung von Zementen mit nicht zu hoher Alkalität begegnet werden.
Torsion of an intra-abdominal seminoma of the testis
Authors: Packham D A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 1927 Wangensteen wrote, ‘No greater diversity of opinion probably exists concerning anything in medicine than the question of malignancy in the undescended testicle.’ Since this was written a great number of papers has been published on this subject, and now it is generally accepted that the maldescended testis is more liable to undergo malignant change than the normally descended organ. The main factors which swayed opinion to this view were Campbell's analytical papers of 1942 and 1959. His conclusions were that malignancy was eleven times more frequent in the inguinal testis and sixty times more frequent in the intra-abdominal testis. The maldescended testis is also known to be more liable to torsion and trauma than is the normal organ.
The following case illustrates two of the dangers to which an intra-abdominal testis is exposed.
Appendicitis, seasonal incidence and postoperative wound infection
Authors: Brumer Martin 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In this series of 404 appendicectomies there was found to be a seasonal incidence of acute appendicitis (nearly two-thirds of the cases occurring between October and March). The environmental factor which appears to be linked with this increase in incidence is a lowering of humidity.
If strict surgical principles are followed in relation to peritoneal (and wound) toilet, the indications for the use of a drain tube are very few indeed; moreover there is a direct relationship between the use of a drain tube and wound infection, particularly in the presence of excess peritoneal fluid.
It has been shown that the turbidity of the excess peritoneal fluid is not related to its pathogenicity as regards wound infection.
It has also been shown that the more severe the appendicular pathology, the greater is the risk of development of wound infection.
It is evident from this series of appendicectomies that immediate postoperative antibiotics play no part in the prevention of wound infection, and may even confer an increased risk in the development thereof.
It is noteworthy that the gridiron incision which had to be extended, and the paramedian incisions, have the highest incidence of wound infection.
Gangrene of the small intestine—a complication of argentaffin carcinoma
Authors: Anthony P P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Ten cases of argentaffin carcinoma of the ileum, encountered at autopsy over a period of 12 years, are reviewed, with particular attention to the state of the mesenteric blood-vessels.
Six of the 9 cases that had had symptoms attributable to the tumour showed obliterative elastic sclerosis of the mesenteric blood-vessels. Gangrene of the small intestine resulted in 4 and was fatal in 3. Impairment of blood-supply was evident in a further 2 cases. A relationship between the occurrence of this vascular lesion and secretory activity of the tumour is postulated.
It is suggested that awareness of the possibility of this dangerous complication may bring a worthwhile prolongation of life in cases of this tumour.
Multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the gastro-intestinal tract
Authors: Davies Sylvia W , Scarrow G D , Macaulay M B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract may be mistaken clinically for ulcerative colitis and, radiologically, the condition needs to be distinguished from ulcerative colitis and from familial polyposis coli. Pathologically, the submucosal lymphoid lesions must be differentiated from those of benign lymphoid hyperplasia and recognized as a reticulosis, any type of which may be found.
The patient's condition improved considerably following treatment with chlorambucil, and he is well and back at work 18 months after his first presentation.
Spinal ileus
Authors: Watkin D F L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Spinal ileus is a functional intestinal obstruction complicating a lesion in the spine. In 8 cases reported here the primary pathology was a spinal fracture in 2 cases, a prolapsed intervertebral disk in 3 cases, and 1 case each of fractured pelvis, infarcted spinal cord, and plaster-cast treatment for a tuberculous cervical spine. The intestinal disturbance was a pseudo-obstruction in 5 cases and an adynamic ileus in 3, and involved small or large bowel.
That an intestinal obstruction is of functional origin is suggested by the presence of a plausible remote cause—in these cases a spinal lesion, which was often painful. Colicky abdominal pain and loud bowel-sounds do not exclude the diagnosis; indeed they are the rule in pseudo-obstruction. A predominantly gaseous bowel distension seen on plain radiographs, together with the release of flatus by sigmoidoscopy if there is dilatation of the distal colon, further support the diagnosis, which may then be accepted provisionally provided there is no marked abdominal tenderness. Subsequently the absence of a mechanical obstruction may be proved by contrast radiography.
Treatment generally follows accepted conservative lines with nasogastric and rectal intubation, and intravenous fluid replacement as necessary. However, operative treatment is indicated in a minority of patients if there develops serious doubt as to the diagnosis, or if gross distension threatens caecal rupture or respiratory failure.
Suction drainage. A study in wound healing
Authors: Maitland A Ian L , Mathieson A J M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper relates the results of a clinical investigation into the value of suction drainage in general surgery which has covered 5 years and was conducted under some measure of control.
The number of drained wounds observed is 1193; the results obtained show that the method produces great improvement in the healing of operations on the genito-urinary tract. In operations on the breast and thyroid, in herniotomies in which drainage has been indicated, and in a miscellaneous group, some improvement has been noted clinically. In the biliary tract fringe benefits have also occurred, but in these five groups statistical analysis of the figures obtained has not disclosed truly significant differences.
It has not been found satisfactory in operations involving the lumen of the alimentary tract or in cases where frank infection with purulent exudate was present at operation.
The results of two other investigations are also shown. One related to comparative studies of Lugol's solution, iodophor solution, and antibiotic sprays as methods of preoperative preparation, and the other to the time of the preliminary preoperative skin preparation and the effect this may have on wound healing.
Effect of solcoseryl on the survival of skin-grafts and the healing of donor sites in rats
Authors: Malaker K , Sellwood R A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect of daily intraperitoneal injections of Solcoseryl on the survival of full-thickness skin-grafts and the healing of donor sites was studied in male albino rats. In rats treated with Solcoseryl there was a slight but significant increase in the rate of healing of the donor sites when compared with that in controls treated with normal saline. There was a similar trend but no significant difference in the survival of skin-grafts.
Mass reduction of inguinal hernia. Description of a new physical sign of diagnostic value and aetiological significance
Authors: Barker K , Smiddy F G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Mass reduction of an inguinal hernia is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction, and the diagnosis may be overlooked if there is a temporary cessation of symptoms.
Two personal patients with this complication are now recorded, in both of whom a previously undescribed sign is recorded, consisting of retraction of the testicle on the affected side into the upper part of the scrotum, tautness of the spermatic cord, and pain deep in the iliac fossa when attempts were made to draw the testicle down.
The diagnostic value of this sign is stressed and also its significance in the current controversy as to the exact mechanism of production of this complication.
Injection-compression treatment of varicose veins. A follow-up study
Authors: Dejode L R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of treating 146 patients with varicose veins by injection compression were analysed from 1 to 5 years after the initial treatment. Very good and good results were obtained in 83 per cent of 201 legs and only 3 per cent were not improved. The number of further courses of injection necessary increased directly with the length of follow-up. The best results followed an ‘endosclerotic’ initial reaction to injection.
The failure of compression stockings (tubigrip) to prevent deep venous thrombosis after operation
Authors: Rosengarten David S , Laird James , Jeyasingh K , Martin Peter 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
With this method of investigation it appears that compression stockings have no value in preventing venous thrombosis after operation. Clinical diagnosis is unreliable in detecting the presence of deep-vein thrombosis. We have confirmed that the incidence of deepvein thrombosis after operation is of the order of 30–35 per cent.
Spontaneous extravasation of urine during emergency intravenous pyelography
Authors: Hale J E , Whitehouse G H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
During intravenous pyelography, spontaneous extravasation of contrast from the pelvicaliceal system into the renal sinus and beyond is rarely seen. The diagnosis in 4 patients with ureteric colic was confirmed by emergency pyelograms, and in each case extravasation of contrast was noted.
The most likely explanation of spontaneous ‘pyelosinus back-flow’ is that the sudden increased intrapelvic pressure which occurs during ureteric colic results in minute tears of the caliceal fornix. Spontaneous extravasation of urine could explain the severe loin pain and pyrexia associated with ureteric colic. Complications are rare provided the calculus is passed and no treatment is required. The condition must be clearly distinguished from true rupture of the renal pelvis and ureter which may present as an acute abdomen, requiring urgent exploration and drainage.
The prophylactic value of cooling strangulated herniae locally. An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Boerema W J , Catchpole B N , Finlay-Jones L R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 10 anaesthetized dogs bilateral groin herniae were created, each containing a loop of small bowel which was strangulated with binding tape. One side was cooled locally, the other acted as a control.
After 7 1/2 hours the two loops of bowel were inspected and compared as regards viability. In every case the cooled bowel was in a better state than the bowel on the control side. This was confirmed by microscopical examination.
It is suggested that the application of a polythene bag filled with crushed ice may offer a considerable degree of protection to strangulated bowel in a groin hernia prior to operation.
The surgical treatment of hydatid disease of the liver
Authors: Papadimitriou J , Mandrekas A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A consecutive series of 227 patients with hydatid disease of the liver is reported. During the first period when marsupialization or drainage of the cyst was applied, long hospitalization and bilious leakage were reported.
During the second period omentoplasty superseded the above methods. As a result, hospitalization was lowered from 36 or 52 to 12 days, while the incidence of biliary leakage was minimized from 25.2 or 60.7 per cent to 2.5 per cent respectively. The overall mortality is about 3.5 per cent.
Consequently omentoplasty is considered the treatment of choice when dealing with hydatid cyst of the liver. Marsupialization or partial hepatectomy is the alternative for huge, infected cysts.
ECHINOCOCCOSIS is a well-known disease, but its surgical treatment has markedly changed during the past years. The word ‘echinococcus’ is Greek in origin and means ‘hedgehog berry’. Hydatid disease of the liver was known to Hippocrates, who refers to a ‘liver full of water’. It was not until 1782 that Goeze recognized microscopically the small taenias with their characteristic hooklets. Since then numerous reports have made absolutely clear both the pathology and epidemiology of the disease. In Greece, with a population of up to 8 million, an average of 500 cases yearly are reported, i.e., a frequency of 6 per 100,000 inhabitants (Toole, 1969).
The changing epidemiology of subphrenic abscess and its clinical and radiological consequences
Authors: Sanders R C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Over the past 200 years subphrenic abscess first evolved from being a clinical entity that was nearly always fatal into an acute illness following perforation of a viscus which could often be cured by surgery, and over the past 30 years it has changed again so that currently its usual presentation is insidious and in the majority of cases apparently localized to the chest. This last phase is a consequence of the widespread postoperative use of antibiotics and corticosteroids.
Recovery of ureteric function after ureterolysis in malignant retroperitoneal disease
Authors: Abercrombie G F , Hanley Howard G , Joekes A M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two cases of ureteric obstruction and anuria are described. Each case was due to disseminated malignant disease. One patient had an ovarian and I a vesical origin. Each patient was treated by extraperitoneal ureterolysis, temporary proximal drainage, and subsequent chemotherapy. Recovery of ureteric function and a period of useful survival were achieved in each case. The use of renography and the place of surgical treatment in malignant ureteric obstruction are briefly discussed.
Thermography in breast cancer
Authors: Nathan B E , Galasko C S B , Pallett J E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The thermographic findings in 97 patients referred to the Breast Clinic, Hammersmith Hospital, are analysed. In 4 of 16 patients with a mammary carcinoma the thermograms were normal. A large number of false positives was found. Our experience suggests that thermography is likely to have serious limitations when used as a screening procedure and that it cannot replace clinical palpation.
Diverticulum formation after oblique end-to-end anastomosis for jejuno-ileal atresia
Authors: Nade S M L , Dickson J A S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Three patients are described who developed a diverticulum about the anastomotic line after successful surgical treatment for neonatal jejunoileal atresia. In 2 patients an oblique end-to-end anastomosis, and in the other an end-to-side anastomosis, had been constructed. Clinical presentation with this complication occurred several years after the original operation. The features were bleeding per rectum, anaemia, and ‘failure to thrive’. All 3 were successfully treated by resection of the segment of bowel containing the diverticulum.
Abdomino-anal pull-through resection of the rectum
Authors: Kennedy J T , McOmish D , Bennett R C , Hughes E S R , Cuthbertson A M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Three independent observers have surveyed the results in 158 patients treated by abdomino-anal pull-through excision of the rectum and reached the following conclusions:— The operative mortality of the procedure (4·5 per cent) was low and quite comparable with that following alternative methods of rectal excision.The operation compares favourably with anterior resection and combined excision as a cancer-curing procedure for growths similarly sited in the rectum.Some degree of morbidity following operation occurred in almost half the patients, but significant complications occurred in only about 20 per cent. Colonic necrosis (4·6 per cent) and pelvic sepsis (18 per cent) were the most important. Permanent colostomies were ultimately established in 6 per cent of patients.In the majority of patients the operation was ultimately compatible with good anorectal function. Continence usually improved after about 1 year, though adequate control was often achieved within 6 months. Of those patients with stable bowel function at the time of interview, 89 per cent had a satisfactory result.
Occlusive arterial disease of the lower limbs with special reference to the indications for direct arterial surgery
Authors: Macpherson A I S , Hanid T K , Baird Affra 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Five hundred and forty-one new patients with chronic occlusive arterial disease of the lower limbs were seen over a 3-year period. Surgical treatment was considered necessary in 139 (25·5 per cent). One hundred and eighty-eight operations were performed in these patients, of which 41 (25 per cent) were reconstructive procedures. The indications for direct operation, the results in these patients, and the contra-indications are discussed and reasons put forward for a policy of very careful selection for direct operation.
Operative cholangiography
Authors: Havard Cyril 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Three hundred consecutive operations for calculous biliary-tract disease are reviewed with particular reference to the influence of routine operative cholangiography. The technique and instruments used in cholangiography have been described and the operative and follow-up statistical data have been analysed. The value of operative cholangiography before and after duct exploration is discussed with particular reference to the problem of the residual stone and the fruitless duct exploration.
Malignant melanoma of the anal canal
Authors: Sinclair D M , Hannah G , McLaughlin I S , Patrick R S , Slavin G , Neville A M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clinical and pathological features of 4 cases of primary malignant melanoma of the anal canal are described. These cases further exemplify the difficulties of early diagnosis and the very poor prognosis in spite of radical therapy.
A case of polycystic adventitial disease of the left external iliac and femoral artery
Authors: Campbell R T , McCluskey B C , Andrews M I J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of lower-limb ischaemia in a 46-year-old man, caused through polycystic disease and associated with atherosclerosis, is described. Excision of the affected segment provided a good basis for pathological study. The significant features in the literature are reviewed. It is considered that trauma plays a major part in the aetiology of arterial adventitial cystic disease.
A case of obstructive jaundice due to a duodenal diverticulum
Authors: Sykes David 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is reported of an obstructive jaundice caused by compression of the common bile-duct by a duodenal diverticulum. The obstruction was relieved by a cholecystojejunostomy and it is suggested that this is the treatment of choice for this rare condition occurring in the elderly.
Ileus: The restoration of alimentary-tract motility by pharmacological means
Authors: Neely Julian , Catchpole Bernard 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The nature of ileus and the clinical problem it poses are discussed. A consideration of the previous multiplicity of treatments is presented. The concepts behind the present mode of treatment are outlined. This consists of removing the sympathetic inhibition of the alimentary tract in the condition and potentiating or supplementing tone. Case histories are presented to illustrate the use of the drugs suggested, and the indications for therapy are discussed. The mistaken concept that the gut is “paralysed” in ileus should be finally abandoned.
Reduction of the microbial contamination of surgical wound areas by sterile laminar air-flow
Authors: Cook R , Boyd N A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A standard laminar air-flow cabinet was modified to increase the velocity of the sterile air it delivered. The modified unit was used in a general operating theatre to produce a current of sterile air over operation sites during a number of surgical procedures. The numbers of bacteria detected in areas protected in this way were substantially less than those found at the same time elsewhere in the theatre. No such difference was found during operations when the unit was not employed.
Familial polyposis of the colon with special reference to regression of rectal polyposis after subtotal colectomy
Authors: Shepherd John A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two families with familial polyposis of the colon are reported. One family conforms to the established pattern and in the other there is a risk of an additional inheritance of sebaceous cysts and fibromata. Initially prophylactic surgery should usually consist of a one-stage subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis. Thereafter the polyps in the rectal remnant are left untreated for 6 months in the hope of spontaneous regression of some years' duration. This routine is preferable to immediate total colectomy and ileostomy for the adolescent or young adult. Fulguration of residual polyps is deferred but may be necessary if there is no spontaneous regression. A second-stage excision may be required if polyposis becomes uncontrollable or if there is malignant change. A case may be made for prophylactic rectal excision about 10 years after subtotal colectomy. The technique of ileorectal anastomosis is discussed briefly and a plan for family supervision is outlined. It is suggested that the phenomenon of spontaneous regression of polyps in the rectal remnant may be more frequent than accepted at present and that a long-term follow-up of patients with regression is required.
Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in a general surgical unit
Authors: Doig Caroline M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Nasal carriage of staphylococci was found in 50 per cent of in-patients in a general surgical unit and in 26 per cent of out-patients. While 32 per cent of in-patients carried resistant organisms in their noses a high percentage of out-patients (17 per cent) also were carriers of resistant organisms. Eighty per cent of staff carried staphylococci in their noses, 67 per cent being resistant organisms. Although the ‘hospital staphvlococcus’ was found in 5 per cent of patients and 15 per cent of attending staff, only 1 per cent of in-patients and none of the out-patients or staff carried multiple-resistant organisms. Age does appear to have some bearing on the carriage of bacteria in the anterior nares.
In contrast to other studies, this work failed to reveal any relationship between wound infection and nasal carriage of staphylococci. These findings suggess that general dissemination of bacteria in the hospital environment may be of greater importance than autoinfection as a cause of wound sepsis.