bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal study of reciprocal relationships between psychological dysfunction and role satisfaction among married and single adults
Authors: Liu Xiaoru , Kaplan Howard B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTheoretically informed longitudinal models specifying the reciprocal relationships between psychological dysfunction and role satisfaction are estimated in a sample of young adults from a general population. The subjects were initially studied as seventh‐graders (in 1971) and were later followed up as young adults at two points in time. The specified models are estimated separately for both married and single/never‐married subjects using the LISREL VII computer program. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that psychological dysfunction and role satisfaction are mutually influential over time in both the married and never‐married groups. The observed effects are robust in the presence of stability effects and common antecedent variables including educational attainment, gender, race and time of follow‐up interview.
Lipid‐lowering therapy and violent death: Is depression a culprit?
Authors: Ketterer Mark W. , Brymer James , Rhoads Ken , Kraft Phillip , Goldberg A. David , Lovallo William A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLarge‐scale, controlled treatment studies of antilipidemic therapy have yielded consistent evidence of reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but no reduction in total mortality. This counterhypothetical result appears to be due to a compensatory increase in cancer and violent death with treatment. ‘Violent death’ includes suicides, homocides and accidents. The present study took advantage of a dataset on 174 males undergoing coronary angiography which included presence/absence of an antilipidemic medication regimen and multiple measures of emotional distress/dysfunction to see if the two were associated. Self‐reported depression on the Ketterer Stress Symptom Frequency Checklist (KSSFC) was higher in these angiographic male patients if they were on medical treatment for hypercholesterolemia than if they were not. Comparisons across antilipidemic groupings of a number of potential confounding/mediating variables revealed no systematic differences which can account for these results. While only correlational in nature, present results are consistent with the hypothesis that antilipidemic drug treatment induces emotional distress in males undergoing coronary angiography.
The effect of stressful behavioural exposure on endocrine and immune parameters in the rat
Authors: Song Cai , Kelly John P. , Leonard B. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStress and depression are associated with a variety of alterations in the endocrine and immune systems. Leucocyte adhesiveness/aggregation (LAA) has recently been proposed as a simple indicator of stress in humans. The objective of the present study was to examine the serum concentration of corticosterone, neutrophil phagocytosis, lymphocyte proliferation, LAA and differential white blood cell (WBC) count in rats at different time intervals following an exposure to the behavioural despair and ‘open field’ tests. Thirty min following exposure to the behavioural despair test, the concentration of corticosterone was significantly elevated. An increase in the percentage of neutrophils and LAA, and a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes in the WBC count, were also found 30 min and 60 min after exposure to both the behavioural despair and ‘open field’ tests. A reduction in neutrophil phagocytosis was also observed 60 min after the exposure to these situations. The results show that there are endocrine and immune changes following exposure to these experimental situations. LAA appears to be a particularly useful indicator of acute stress in rats.
Influence of stress and blood type on Toxicity‐preventing activity and other cardiac risk factors
Authors: Neumann Joseph K. , Arbogast Loretta Y. , Dubberley F. Aaron 
Published: June 2007

AbstractABO blood type has been shown to be associated with both cardiovascular risk and toxicity‐preventing activity (TxPA) stress response in elderly males. Twenty middle‐aged, healthy males, 14 blood type A and six blood type O, were involved in this project. Volunteers completed a battery of psychological assessments, then gave blood and had several psychophysiological measures taken prior to, during and after two stressors. The stressors consisted of mental arithmetic tasks plus audiotapes of combat sounds and a baby crying. The anger‐out and hard‐driving scores of blood type O subjects were significantly higher than the blood type A means. TxPA decreased significantly as a function of stress and some suggestive blood type effects of TxPA were found. Plasma protein, microhematocrit, plasma cortisol, finger temperature, skin conductance, blood pressure and two facial electromyograph (EMG) variables were also significantly affected by stressors but not by the blood type factor. No significant differences of any kind were found for total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein or pulse variables. The importance of age and other individual subject characteristics was discussed.
Heart rate changes in chronic insomnia
Authors: Stepanski Edward , Glinn Michele , Zorick Frank , Roehrs Timothy , Roth Thomas 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study assessed physiological activity in patients with chronic insomnia before sleep, during sleep and in response to acute stress. Twenty‐four subjects with chronic insomnia and 25 normal sleepers slept in the laboratory overnight and were given a stressful performance task in the morning. Heart rate was significantly higher in the insomniac group at night. The next morning, heart rate was not different at baseline, but was significantly higher during the performance task in the insomniac group. These results are discussed as supporting the notion that insomniacs have greater physiological responsivity to stress. Further research is needed to determine if altered physiological activity is a cause or consequence of insomnia.
Adverse impacts experienced by police officers following exposure to sex discrimination and sexual harassment
Authors: Phd Jennifer Brown , Campbell Elizabeth A. , Fife‐Schaw Christopher 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAdverse psychological and physical impacts have been related to experience of detriment arising from sex discrimination. In the present study detriment was operationalized in terms of differential career progress, unequal access to organizational benefits and experience of sexual harassment. A national UK sample of 1802 police women, 510 police men and 164 civilian women took part in the study. Results revealed gender differences in exposure to detriment and the suffering of associated adverse impacts. Subjective rating of impacts by police women revealed the greatest impact to be associated with frustrated career progression and the least from experience of sexual harassment. A multiple regression analysis suggested the reverse order when predicting elevated GHQ(28) scores for women officers. This is accounted for by cultural factors, which are also proposed to be influential in rates of reporting sources of discrimination.
Stress management for psoriasis patients: The effectiveness of biofeedback and relaxation techniques
Authors: Keinan Giora , Segal Alexander , Gal U. , Brenner Sara 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPrevious studies have found evidence of a connection between stress and the appearance of psoriasis symptoms. It was therefore hypothesized that stress management techniques such as biofeedback and relaxation could be effective in ameliorating the severity of the symptoms. Thirty‐two psoriatics were randomly divided into three groups, one trained in biofeedback and relaxation techniques, one in relaxation alone and the third receiving no treatment. The subjects' condition was evaluated by a physician at the start and end of the 3‐month study. Additionally, at the end of the study, the subjects were asked to assess the degree to which their symptoms had improved relative to the start of the study and relative to the same season of the previous year. The results indicated that, in comparison to the waiting list group, the biofeedback and relaxation group reported considerable improvement in their condition relative to the same season of the previous year. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the degree of improvement relative to the start of the study. It is suggested that the fact that psoriasis is subject to seasonal variations may account for the differential findings.
Stress in nurses: The effects of coping and social support
Authors: Tyler Patrick , Cushway Delia 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSources of stress, job satisfaction and coping were investigated in 245 general hospital nurses using standardized questionnaires. It was hypothesized that coping strategies, social support and job satisfaction would moderate or buffer the effects of the stressor on psychological distress, such that those who were lower in coping skills, social support and job satisfaction would be more reactive to stress effects. Negative main effects on mental well‐being, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire, were found for workload, lack of social support, inadequate preparation, conflict with other nurses, conflict with doctors and use of avoidance coping strategies. Proposed buffering effects were investigated using multiple regression analysis to control for the main effects. Although consistently in the predicted direction, the buffering effects were found to be very small and non‐significant. It was concluded that for stress in nurses the results supported a transactional model rather than an interactive model for social support and coping.
Review of bus drivers' occupational stress and stress prevention
Authors: Kompier Michiel A. J. , Di Martino Vittorio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough heterogeneous in methodology and content, 32 studies from 13 countries on bus drivers' work and health are similar in their conclusions. Bus‐driving–characterized by high demands, low control and low support – can be regarded as a classic example of high‐strain occupation, with high risks of physical and mental occupational ill‐health, leading to absenteeism and to decreased productivity of employees and enterprises. Several recommendations – some of them already being implemented by bus companies – are presented in order to reduce work stress in bus drivers. They relate to: (a) ergonomics of the bus cabin, (b) job rotation and ‘combination jobs’, (c) timetables, shift schedules and quality of break periods, and (d) the social work environment and management style. Stress monitoring and stress reduction is not merely a technical process based on a technical analysis and on the simple ‘straightforward’ realization of recommendations and findings. It relates to changing and improving organizations and organizational processes. Such organization changes can best be obtained through a stepwise and participative approach. There are indications that those companies that invest in preventive measures receive their rewards.
Identifying A psychological profile of Type A behaviour pattern
Authors: Sibilia Lucio , Picozzi Roberto , Nardi Anna Maria 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA conceptual model of Type A behaviour pattern (TABP) is presented which frames the pattern in terms of current cognitive‐behavioural psychology and in the wider context of the psychosocial risk factors of CHD. Type A behaviours are considered as stemming from Type A appraisals, elicited in specific situations in individuals with enhanced emotional reactivity who hold a system of beliefs identifiable as Type A. A study was performed in order to assess the possible associations of personality dimensions such as extraversion and neuroticism to TABP and identify specific dysfunctional beliefs associated with TABP. The Bortner Rating Scale (BRS) was administered as a measure of TABP, together with the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) for measuring extraversion and neuroticism and a shortened version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), in a random subsample of a male white‐collar population screened in the worksite for cardiovascular risk factors (N= 200). BRS scores showed a high direct correlation with DAS total scores (r= 0.64), a significant one with neuroticism (r= 0.29) and a weaker one with extraversion (r= 0.15). DAS was factor analysed and a solution found identifying eight factors. Two of them were correlated with TABP, namely ‘support‐reliance’, directly correlated, and ‘self‐confidence’, inversely. At a robust stepwise multiple regression analysis, using the above psychometric measures as independent variables and BRS scores as dependent variable, a model was found accounting for 35 per cent of variance of TABP distribution. The findings give partial support to the model proposed. The identified dysfunctional beliefs involved a higher sense of dependency of Type A individuals. A prospective study is under way to assess the possible predictive power of these cognitive factors. If confirmed, the model could partially account for inconsistencies of empirical findings in TABP studies.
Convective Instability in a Rotating Viscoelastic Fluid Layer
Authors: Bhatia P. K. , Steiner J. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEs wird die Überstabilität in einer viskoelastischen Flüssigkeitsschicht, die von unten erhitzt wird, bei Vorhandensein von Coriolis‐Kräften untersucht. Für eine Maxwellsche Flüssigkeit werden die Eigenlösungen a) bei zwei freien, b) bei zwei starren Rändern gewonnen. Wie sich herausstellt, hat Rotation auf den Überstabilitätsmodus der Konvektion in einer viskoelastischen Flüssigkeitsschicht einen destabilisierenden Einfluß. Dieses Ergebnis ist dem stabilisierenden Einfluß einer Rotation im Falle einer gewöhnlichen viskosen Flüssigkeit gegenüberzustellen.
Eine Erweiterung des Verfahrens der Zwischenschritte auf allgemeinere parabolische und elliptische Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Wirz H. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractZur angenäherten numerischen Berechnung der Lösung von allgemeineren parabolischen Anfangsrandwertaufgaben werden implizite zweischichtige Differenzenschemata einfacher und höherer Annäherung (Mehrstellenformeln) in Erweiterung der Methode der Zwischenschritte vorgestellt.
Investigations Concerning Heat Transfer Involving Conical Structures
Authors: Oberhettinger F. , Dressler R. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDas in dem Gebiet zwischen zwei endlichen koaxialen Kreiskegeln herrschende Temperaturfeld wird im isothermischen und im adiabatischen Fall untersucht, wobei die Temperaturverteilung als rotationssymmetrisch bezüglich der Achse angenommen wird.
Zur stetigen Abhängigkeit des Extremalwertes eines konvexen Optimierungsproblems von einer stetigen Änderung des Problems
Authors: Krabs W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn dieser Arbeit wird das Problem behandelt, ein konvexes Funktional unter konkaven Nebenbedingungen auf einer konvexen Teilmenge eines linearen Raumes zum Minimum zu machen. Es wird gezeigt, daß sich der gesuchte Extremalwert des Funktionals unter geeigneten Voraussetzungen stetig ändert, wenn die im Problem vorgegebenen Größen stetig abgeändert werden. Die Ergebnisse werden angewandt auf Approximationsprobleme in normierten Räumen und Optimierungsaufgaben mit unendlich vielen Nebenbedingungen, bei denen die stetige Änderung des Problems durch Diskretisierung (Übergang zu Halbnormen oder endlich vielen Nebenbedingungen) durchgeführt wird.
Large Elasto‐Plastic Deflection of a Circular Plate of Mild Steel under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Ohashi Y. , Kawashima K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn elasto‐plastic bending of a thin circular plate of mild steel subjected to a cyclic loading is analysed by using the actual stress‐strain relation of the material under cyclic loading. A numerical analysis of a simply supported circular plate under uniform lateral pressure with alternating sign is performed for first three half cycles. The analytical result is compared with the corresponding experimental one. It is shown that the proposed analysis gives a close approximation for the deflection of the plate and can deal well with the Bauschinger effect in the actual cyclic deformation.
Vergleich von Tschebyscheff‐Integrationsmethoden
Authors: Wagner H.‐J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDas Integral einer Funktion f ist unter Verwendung von Tschebyscheff‐Polynomen zu approximieren. Man kann entweder f(x) oder f(x) √1−x2 entwickeln und die Stützstellen geeignet wählen. Es wird gezeigt, welche Methode für ein gegebenes f am günstigsten ist.
On natural states and plastic strain in simple materials
Authors: Holsapple K. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn der folgenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, wie das Modell der plastischen Dehnungen als spezielle und nützliche Eigenschaft gewisser Materialien mit lang anhaltendem Gedächtnis (long‐range memory) eingeführt werden kann. Es werden Einschränkungen des Materialverhaltens abgeleitet, die der Existenz von plastischen Dehnungen genügen und ungefähr folgendermaßen beschrieben werden können: man verlangt, daß das Material ein nicht nachlassendes Gedächtnis (non‐fading memory) und ein bestimmtes Festkörperverhalten hat. Der Vorteil dieses Modells für allgemeinere Theorien als die klassische elastisch‐plastische Theorie wird anhand von zwei Anwendungen dargelegt: Die Formulierung einer Plastizitätsfunktionaltheorie und die Aufstellung einer Theorie der wandernden Versetzungen, beides im Rahmen der Theorie der einfachen Materialien mit Gedächtnis (simple materials with memory).
Elasto‐plastic stress analysis of prismatic bar under combined bending and torsion
Authors: Ishikawa H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the elasto‐plastic problem of combined bending and torsion of a straight prismatic bar, loaded by a terminal bending couple about the axis of symmetry of the cross section and a twisting couple, is treated analytically for an incompressible isotropic work‐hardening material obeying a nonlinear stress strain law. Evolving a theory so as to satisfy the equilibrium and compatibility condition, the basic nonlinear differential equation in the ordinal Cartesian coordinate system can be linearized, adopting the new parameter in the stress space. Provided that the Ramberg‐Osgood's law is employed as a nonlinear stress strain relation, the linearized basic equation can be reduced to the hypergeometric differential equation. Then, the components of strain and corresponding coordinates can be described in the form of the hypergeometric series. The stress components, the bending and twisting moment can be evaluated by the numerical calculation.
Nonlinear singular multipoint boundary value problems
Authors: Jerome J. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLet Λ be a linear differential operator on (a, b) of order 2m with leading coefficient possessing an integrable reciprocal. Global C(m‐1)(a, b) solutions are shown to exist for certain nonlinear multipoint boundary value problems of the form A u = F(u, …, u(m‐1), where linear combinations of derivatives through order m – 1 are specified at points interior to (a, b). The associated linear problem is completely solved through the construction of an appropriate Green's function which determines a compact operator G = A−1. The linear eigenvalue problem is examined and a complete orthonormal system exhibited in L2(a, b). Solutions of the nonlinear problem are obtained by exhibiting fixed points for the operator GF.
Verhalten von Dämpfen löslicher Zweistoffgemische bei Expansion in Überschalldüsen — Tropfenkoaleszenz in einer Potentialwirbelströmung)
Authors: Kaser A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDas Verhalten von Dämpfen löslicher Zweistoffgemische bei Expansion in Überschalldüsen wird aufgezeigt und die Möglichkeit einer Komponententrennung und Abscheidung des sich in Tröpfchenform bildenden Kondensats untersucht. Mittels der Klassischen Keimbildungstheorie und der Kondensationsgleichungen werden in Verbindung mit thermodynamischen Gesetzen Beziehungen hergeleitet, die den Kondensationsvorgang hinreichend beschreiben, den Einfluß gewisser Stoffeigenschaften klar erkennen lassen, insbesondere die Verschiebung der Kondensatzusammensetzung in Richtung der Komponente mit dem kleineren Molvolumen als Funktion von Tropfengröße und Übersättigung, und eine Vorhersage der erzielbaren Restdampfanreicherung erlauben. Im Hinblick auf den Versuch einer Trennung der flüssigen Phase vom abströmenden Restdampf wird schließlich auf Koaleszenzvorgänge grundsätzlich eingegangen, im besonderen die Wirkung der Koaleszenz auf das Tropfenwachstum im Strömungsfeld eines Potentialwirbels abgeschätzt und am Beispiel des Binärsystems Äthylalkohol‐Wasser diskutiert.
Ein explizites Charakteristikenverfahren zweiter Ordnung für das Anfangswert‐problem bei quasilinearen hyperbolischen Differentialgleichungssystemen erster Ordnung mit zwei unabhängigen Veränderlichen
Authors: Demmig F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFür die numerische Lösung von Anfangswertaufgaben bei quasilinearen hyperbolischen Differentialgleichungssystemen erster Ordnung wird ein explizites Charakteristikenverfahren zweiter Ordnung angegeben. Es wird bewiesen, daß die expliziten Formeln lokal eine Approximation zweiter Ordnung ergeben, und es werden praktische Hinweise gegeben. Die Methode enthält keine Iterationsprozeduren mit schlecht definierter oder redundanter Anzahl von Iterationen und kann in modifizierter Form auch zur Lösung von Randwertaufgaben verwendet werden.
The effects of couple‐stresses on thermal stress distributions in multiply‐connected domains
Authors: Takeuti Y. , Yamazato K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effects of couple‐stresses on the plane thermoelasticity in a multiply‐connected domain are treated for some specific problems. The conditions for the single‐valuedness of displacements and rotation, i. e., modified Michell's conditions are first derived for the finite domains with many holes with consideration of couple‐stresses. Numerical works are carried out for the distributions of thermal stresses in a hollow circular cylinder subjected to steady nonaxisymmetrical arbitrary temperature distribution on the boundary, and in an infinite elastic medium with a circular cylindrical cavity under uniform heat flow.
A third order differential equation arising in fluid mechanics
Authors: Heidel J. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe third order nonlinear boundary value problem (1.1), (1.2) is discussed. Rasmussen has proven existence for a ≧ O, b ≧ O, μ < O. Here uniqueness for this range of parameter is established under the additional assumption that y′ ≧ O. Then growth estimates for μ < O are given. Finally, the existence of solutions for (1.1), (1.2) when μ < O is discussed. Use is made of the invariance of (1.1) under the transformation x(t) = cy(ct).
Fehleruntersuchungen zur Lösung des inhomogenen natürlichen Randwertproblems durch einen Ritzschen Ansatz mit standardisierten Koordinatenfunktionen
Authors: Hantzschmann K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFür das Ritzsche Verfahren zur Lösung von Randwertproblemen m‐ter Ordnung im Raum Wn der stückweise aus Polynomen vom Grad 2 m — 1 zusammengesetzten Funktionen φ(x) mit φ(x) ε C(m)[a,b] werden unter Benutzung der Theorie der Integrodifferentialgleichungen Fehleruntersuchungen durchgeführt. Der Verfahrensfehler erweist sich von der gleichen Ordnung h2m wie der Fehler der im Raum Wn Möglichen Hermite‐Interpolation. Zur Berechnung der Integrale werden der Ordnung des Verfahrens angepaßte Quadratur formeln bereitgestellt. Unter Verwendung einer elementar auswertbaren Greenschen Funktion G(x, s) sind praktisch gut nutzbare Fehlerschranken für den Gesamtfehler entwickelt worden.
Pressure Drop Due to the Motion of Neutrally Buoyant Particles in Duct Flows. III. Non‐Neutrally Buoyant Spherical Droplets and Bubbles
Authors: Bungay P. M. , Brenner H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBy means of a reciprocity relation, a formula is derived which gives the pressure drop experienced by a non‐neutrally buoyant spherical droplet translating in Stokes flow within a cylindrical duct through which a viscous fluid is flowing.