bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous eosinophil accumulation in atopic and non‐atopic individuals: the effect of an ECF‐A tetrapeptide and histamine
Authors: BRYANT D. H. , KAY A. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe numbers of eosinophils recruited locally to abraded human skin were measured in eight atopic and eight non‐atopic volunteers, at time intervals over 24 hr, following the application of an ECF‐A tetrapeptide (Val‐Gly‐Ser‐Glu) or histamine. In all subjects the higher doses of the peptide (10‐4 and 10‐6 mol/1) or histamine (10‐3 and 10‐5 mol/1) produced significantly greater counts than the Tyrode's diluent alone. The counts produced with the lowest dose of peptide (10‐8 mol/1) or histamine (10‐7 mol/1) were not significantly different from the control. The peptide or histamine evoked a greater local eosinophilia in the atopics than the non‐atopics. This effect was probably independent of the peripheral blood eosinophil counts since at the time of study the numbers of circulating eosinophils between the two groups were not significantly different. In the atopics, histamine in doses of 10‐3 and 10‐5 mol/1 were required to give the same eosinophil response as that obtained with 10‐4 and 10‐6 mol/1 of the peptide, respectively.It is suggested that the relative paucity of eosinophils recruited by locally applied ECF‐A peptide or histamine, when compared to antigen‐induced eosinophilia, is due either to an inability to mimic the events associated with the release of these mediators from mast‐cells or the involvement of other pharmacological agents.
A method for the simultaneous determination of serum and cell‐bound IgE
Authors: ALLEN K. R. , OSMOND S. , ALSTON W. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA method for determining the amount of total IgE bound to leucocytes has been devised by measuring that released on incubating various cell number dilutions in acetate buffer pH 4.0. A linear relationship between IgE released and cell number was obtained over a limited concentration range. The method seemed to work satisfactorily with 50 ml of whole blood for those subjects with very high serum levels of total IgE. However, with subjects having a slightly elevated or normal serum IgE level it may be necessary to use twice the amount of blood.
Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and specific IgE in cystic fibrosis and their heterozygotes
Authors: MCFARLANE H. , ALLAN J. D. , VAN DER ZEIL P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe serum from 75% of the patients with cystic fibrosis (C.F.) who had a positive prick test in their skin to at least one or more antigens, together with elevated concentrations of total serum IgE, also gave strong immediate PCA reactions in the baboon skin to Aspergillus fumigatus, bovine serum albumin and egg albumin. Of the C.F. patients, 37% also had elevated serum specific IgE to A. fumigatus whereas only 8–10% had either raised specific IgE or PCA reaction to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Abolition of the PCA activity by incubating the C.F. sera or sputum at 56°C suggested that the reaginic antibody was IgE rather than IgG4. PCA reactions to a number of allergens could be detected in both the C.F. sputum and saliva.Several of the C.F. heterozygotes had a strongly positive history of allergy and a significant number of these heterozygotes had an elevated serum total IgE as well as positive PCA to Timothy grass pollen or to D. pteronyssinus similar to the patients with asthma or hay fever. Three C.F. patients who died gave strong prick test reactions to several allergens and their sera also had raised serum IgE and positive PCA to at least three different allergens, suggesting that immediate hypersensitivity is of some significance in patients with C.F.
The treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with a 2% aqueous solution of sodium cromoglycate delivered by a metered dose nasal spray
Authors: FROSTAD ARVE BRYHNI 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA double‐blind, group comparative trial of 2% aqueous solution of sodium cromoglycate in seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever) is reported. All twenty‐five patients in the active group found the treatment a success whereas fourteen out of nineteen in the placebo group regarded this as a failure. The method of application (metered dose spray) was acceptable to all patients.
Challenge and exposure test reactions to enzyme detergents in subjects sensitized to subtilisin
Authors: ZETTERSTRÖM OLLE 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwelve atopic patients with positive RAST and prick test reactions to a detergent enzyme (subtilisin) were challenged with detergents containing the enzyme in powdered form and in granulated form, and exposed to laundry washed in enzyme detergents. Eight patients displayed typical atopic symptoms after challenge with the detergent containing subtilisin in powder form. Four patients, three of them with a low RAST titre to subtilisin, had no reactions after challenge with this detergent. The detergent containing granulated enzyme caused very slight symptoms in the challenge test and no symptoms at all when handled in a way designed to simulate normal household exposure.Smelling small pieces of cloth or sleeping on pillow‐cases washed in enzyme detergent and then rinsed three times in fresh water did not cause any symptoms in the patients investigated. Exposure to fabric which had not been rinsed after washing in enzyme detergent caused slight rhinitis, or itching, in the nose or eyes in five of the most sensitive patients.In a simulated washing procedure the enzyme containing detergent caused slightly more reddening or itching of the hands in five patients than the detergent without enzyme.The findings indicate that even sensitized patients do not get atopic symptoms from normal handling of detergents with granulated enzymes or from short‐term exposure to laundry washed in enzyme detergent and then adequately rinsed.
Delayed asthmatic response to inhalant allergen: cantharidine beetle, case report
Authors: MENON M. P. S. , DAS A. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA case history of an asthmatic patient who developed delayed responses to intradermal and inhalation provocation tests with whole body allergen of a common beetle (cantharidine) is presented. The response was maximal at 48 hr after the test and it took almost a week for complete resolution. Prior administration of sodium cromoglycate failed to inhibit this response, whereas corticosteroid treatment completely inhibited it. An asthmatic response which appears 48 h after inhalation challenge with an insect allergen is a new variety and the mechanism needs study.
The variability of skin test hypersensitivity reactions in cystic fibrosis and asthma
Authors: WARNER J. O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCystic fibrosis (CF) children had a greater variability of skin prick test response compared with asthmatic children, when the tests were performed on two occasions. This suggests that there is a different cause for the allergy in the two groups, perhaps because the asthmatics have a transient period of susceptibility to sensitization in infancy and the CF children a persistent vulnerability. Amongst the asthmatic children, clinical improvement was associated with loss of some skin prick test reactions, and clinical deterioration with an increase in the number of positive reactions. Thus continuing allergic reactions may maintain a mucosal defect, resulting in a persistence of susceptibility to allergen sensitization, and control of the reactions may re‐establish normal mucosal defence mechanisms.
Allergic drug reactions: an in vitro model using a mixed function oxidase complex to demonstrate antibodies with specificity for a practolol metabolite
Authors: AMOS H. E. , LAKE B. G. , ATKINSON H. A. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryReactive metabolite products of the drug practolol were generated in vitro using the rat liver mixed function oxidase complex. The metabolites were spontaneously coupled to a non‐agglutinating rabbit antibody to human O red blood cells, so forming a metabolite–antibody reagent. This reagent was then used to passively sensitize human O red cells which subsequently acted as indicator cells for detecting anti‐metabolite antibodies.
Predictive value of serum IgE levels during rush hyposensitization
Authors: KJELLMAN N.‐I.M. , LANNER Å. , ROTH A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThirty children with hay fever were studied with in vivo and in vitro tests during rush hyposensitization with Timothy pollen. Clinical assessment was made with the aid of diaries during one season before, and three seasons after, the start of the immunotherapy. When the serum level of IgE increased more than 10% during the first week of the therapy, symptoms were mostly alleviated during the following seasons. An alleviation was rarely found in children with decreasing or unchanged serum IgE levels. No predictive information as to the clinical effect of the immunotherapy was obtained from skin or provocation tests, nor from Timothy‐specific antibodies of the IgG or IgE classes. It is proposed that serum IgE determinations should be performed before, and 1 week after, the start of rush hyposensitization in order to find probable therapeutic failures.
Haemostatic and complement changes in a family with ‘allergic’ disorders
Authors: NEUMAN ITTAI , ELIAN INGE , CRETER DRAGA 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA family with allergic manifestations, haemostatic disturbances, total absence of haemolytic activity of the complement system and low IgG levels is described. It is suggested that this functional abnormality of the complement system and the decreased level of immunoglobulin G may be due to immune complex reactions.
A simple method for the measurement of low levels of serum IgE
Authors: GAMO TETSUO , MARUYAMA GIICHI 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA simple method for the estimation of low serum IgE levels is presented.Radioimmunoassay often gives falsely high values because of the presence of non‐specific factors in the serum when an excessive amount of serum is used in order to measure low serum IgE levels. Therefore the serum sample has to be diluted to minimize the influence of the non‐specific factors and the lowest IgE level measurable in the serum is about 5 u/ml.In this study, pretreatment of the serum with cellulose powder was found to remove the non‐specific factors that yield falsely high values. These factors were adsorbed almost completely onto cellulose powder when the serum IgE level was less than 100 u/ml. Thus, low serum IgE levels could be determined by radioimmunoassay using a sufficient amount of serum pretreated by cellulose powder. The lowest serum IgE level measurable by this method was as low as 0.5 u/ml and the low IgE level in neonatal serum could be determined with sufficient accuracy. By this method the geometric level of IgE in cord serum was 2.45 u/ml with a ±2 standard deviations range of 1.04 to 5.80 u/ml.
Allergenic activity of fractions of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) pollen
Authors: TOPPING M. D. , BROSTOFF J. , BRIGHTON W. D. , DANKS JANE , MINNIS MARY 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) pollen extract has been fractionated by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, the separated components extracted from the gel and assayed by three methods: prick tests in human skin, RAST and PCA tests in monkey skin.Prick testing in human skin showed that subjects responded differently to the separated components, indicating the presence of more than one antigenic determinant, and a prolile of antibody activity against each fraction could be constructed.In general, good agreement was observed between RAST profiles and skin test profiles, although some patients who gave positive skin tests lacked circulating IgE and consequently did not give a RAST profile or a monkey PCA.These studies emphasize the current difficulty in attempting to isolate a single pure allergen from cocksfoot which can be used either diagnostically for the detection of pollen allergy, or for the standardization of diagnostic extracts.
Levels of complement components during allergen‐induced asthma
Authors: HUTCHCROFT B. J. , GUZ A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe levels of circulating complement components C3 and C4, total haemolytic complement, CH50, as well as evidence of complement activation, have been studied in peripheral blood samples during allergen‐induced asthma. No evidence of activation of the complement system was detected in these studies.
Precipitins to different avian serum antigens in bird fancier's lung and coeliac disease
Authors: FAUX JENNIFER A. , HENDRICK D. J. , ANAND B. S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPrecipitins to avian serum antigens have been found in the sera of bird fanciers and, until now, they have been considered strong supporting evidence for a clinical diagnosis of bird fancier's lung (BFL). We now report that 35% of patients with coeliac disease, none of whom had recently kept a bird, had precipitins against an avian serum antigen common to all the avian species tested, but which was distinct from the antigens usually associated with BFL, This antigen was a component of hen egg yolk but not of bird droppings. In patients with BFL the antibody response results from inhaled antigens in the bird droppings, whereas the antibody response in patients with coeliac disease probably results from eating uncooked or soft‐boiled eggs.
Activation of the alternative pathway of complement by grain
Authors: OLENCHOCK S. A. , MULL J. C. , MAJOR P. C. , GLADISH M. E. , HI M. J. PEACH , PEARSON D. J. , ELLIOTT J. A. , MENTNECH M. S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGround whole rye and airborne rye dust of comparable size distribution were tested for their ability to activate the complement cascade via the alternative pathway. Precipitin‐negative pooled normal human serum was incubated with increasing amounts of the two rye dusts. Electrophoresis of the resultant supernatant fluids demonstrated the conversion of the proactivator of the third component of complement to the gamma‐migrating activator of the third component. This activation was completely prevented by pre‐treating the serum with the chelator EDTA, while pre‐treatment with EGTA allowed suboptimal arc conversion, strongly implying that complement was activated via the alternative pathway. Quantification of the supernatant fluids showed dose‐dependent complement consumption as defined by both CH100 immunoditfusion and CH50 tube haemolytic techniques.Airborne rye dust showed a greater quantitative potential than ground whole rye for activating the alternative pathway. These results indicate the possibility of the direct action of airborne organic dusts on the induction of inflammatory sequelae in the lungs of both sensitized and unsensitized individuals.
Precipitating factors in respiratory allergic disease in Indonesian children
Authors: TURNER K. J. , SUMARMO  , MATONDANG‐SIAHAAN C. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySkin test results and IgE antibody levels measured by RAST indicate that hyper‐sensitivity to house dust mite (D. pteronyssinus) is a major feature of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Indonesian children. Total serum IgE levels were higher in the allergic than in control children. 60% (twenty‐one out of thirty‐five) of the asthmatic children and 56% (five out of nine) of the children with allergic rhinitis had IgE antibodies to the helminth Ascaris lumbricoides compared with none out of four control children. A tendency was found for high IgE antibody levels to D. pteronyssinus to occur in association with low IgE antibody levels to A. lumbricoides and vice versa.
Atopy and bronchial reactivity in Australian and Melanesian populations
Authors: WOOLCOCK A. J. , COLMAN M. H. , JONES M. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn order to compare the prevalence of atopy and bronchial hyperreactivity among Papua New Guinian (P.N.G.) and Australian populations, skin prick tests and methacholine bronchial challenge tests were performed. A civilian and an army population from each country were examined and those with past or present asthma, recent respiratory tract infection and chronic lung disease were excluded. No statistical difference in the prevalence of atopy was found between the four populations. In the P.N.G. population 40 and 49%, and in the Australian population 27 and 39%, were found to be atopic, without symptoms of past or present allergic disease. The house dust mites were the commonest allergens in all populations. In response to methacholine (0·3 mg), only 6% of subjects had falls in 1 sec forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of more than 12% (upper limit of normal range) and only two were in the asthmatic range. There was no correlation between the degree of bronchial hyper‐reactivity and atopic status; however, the degree of bronchial hyperreactivity was slightly greater in the New Guinea civilian than in the Australian civilian population. In the absence of asthma, atopic status does not appear to cause increased bronchial reactivity, suggesting that some factor other than atopy must be present for the development of bronchial hyperreactivity characteristic of asthma.
Specific IgE estimations by RAST in Japanese asthmatics compared with skin, passive transfer and bronchial provocation tests
Authors: KURIMOTO Y. , BABA S. 
Published: April 2006

Summary198 asthmatics and twenty healthy persons were studied by RAST and in vivo tests with four common inhalant allergens, (a) Higher RAST classes were elicited with mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) extract and lower classes with other allergens. The agreement between positive RAST and skin or P‐K tests was highest with the mite extract. RAST sensitivity was dependent on the kinds of allergens and was most sensitive to mite extract. Positive RAST was most closely related to the prick test reactions, (b) RASTs to house dust and mite extract were examined in terms of the threshold dosage of house dust and also the types of bronchial response (early, dual and late) induced by a certain amount of house dust; higher RAST classes were found in subjects with bronchial response of the dual or early type, elicited by a threshold dosage of diluted extract, while lower RAST classes were found in cases of the late‐type response elicited by the threshold dosage of concentrated extract, (c) Changes in IgE antibodies to house dust and mite extract were estimated in patients with positive house dust provocation. A greater increase occurred in cases of dual or early response, a smaller increase in those with a late response. Despite discordances in skin tests and RAST between house dust and mite extracts, the increases in IgE antibodies to mite extracts as well as house dust were observed in all cases, presumably caused by an allergenic identity between the allergens.
Cellular immunity to a lung homogenate in asymptomatic cigarette smokers
Authors: DILL J. R. , FOX R. A. , LANDRIGAN P. L. , MACSWEEN J. M. , OSBORN D. C. , RAJARAMAN R. , JOHSENHANS W. T. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLeucocyte migration in the presence and absence of a soluble lung homogenate has been studied in a group of asymptomatic cigarette smokers. Results were expressed as migration indices. Controls consisted of age‐matched subjects who had never smoked and had no past history of any pulmonary disease. The migration indices, the number of pack‐years* smoked and the results of pulmonary function studies were tested for correlation.The mean leucocyte migration index of the test group of sixteen smokers was significantly less than was that of the control group (P < 0·001). Inhibition of leucocyte migration in the presence of the lung homogenate was not observed in any of the control subjects. Six of the sixteen asymptomatic cigarette smokers, however, were identified by inhibition of leucocyte migration in the presence of the lung homogenate. The number of pack‐years which had been smoked did not correlate with the migration indices (r=−0·06); however, inhibition of leucocyte migration was not observed in subjects who had smoked less than 6 pack‐years.
Serum IgE levels in Chagas' disease
Authors: GELLER M. , GELLER M. , FLAHERTY D. K. , BLACK PAULA , CAPANEMA‐SOUZA A. P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryElevated levels of serum immunoglobulin E are found in many parasitic diseases caused by helminths. We have previously demonstrated that giardiasis was not associated with hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E. In order to determine the influence of Trypanosoma cruzi on IgE levels of clinically symptomatic patients, a controlled study was performed. There was no difference between the serum IgE values from Brazilian patients with Chagas' disease and those from matched healthy Brazilian controls. We suggest that protozoan parasitic infections do not increase serum IgE levels.
Relationship between nasal and conjunctival tests in patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: MALMBERG C. H. O. , HOLOPAINEN E. E. A. , STENIUS‐AARNIALA B. S. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySimultaneous conjunctival and nasal provocation tests, a total of 174 test pairs, were carried out in fifty patients with allergic rhinitis, using serially diluted antigen solutions of birch, Timothy grass and mugwort pollen, as well as cat and dog dander. The nasal mucosa was found to be more sensitive than the conjunctival mucosa in ninety‐six test pairs (55 %). This differs from earlier reports. Nasal reaction only was observed in twenty‐nine instances (17%). Posterior rhinomanometry was also used to evaluate test reactions, but was found to yield little additional information. In 43 % of nasal provocation tests, which according to other criteria were positive, the rhinomanometric results were negative.Despite a fairly good correlation between the results obtained by nasal and conjunctival challenge, the results point to organ specificity in type I reactions. Provocation tests, if indicated in a thorough allergy evaluation, should be performed in the shock organ.The provocation methods and interpretation of reactions of this study differ from those of earlier reports. Comparison of results is difficult and standardization of methods is needed.
Relationship between the results of bronchial, nasal and conjunctival provocation tests in patients with asthma
Authors: STENIUS‐AARNIALA B. S. M. , MALMBERG C. H. O. , HOLOPAINEN E. E. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySkin tests and bronchial, nasal and conjunctival provocation tests with pollen and animal dander allergens were performed in thirty patients with atopic asthma. In vivo test results were compared only when the same batch of allergen had been used. A nasal reaction was mostly elicited at a lower concentration of allergen than was needed to elicit a bronchial reaction (P < 0·01). Positive nasal reactions were often obtained when the corresponding bronchial tests were negative. The conjunctiva reacted to lower concentrations than the bronchi in a third of the instances of testing, with most of these being tests with mugwort allergen (P < 0·05). A positive skin test in cases with a negative bronchial challenge test was often accompanied by a positive nasal test and in some cases by a positive conjunctival test.It is concluded that nasal or conjunctival provocation tests do not replace bronchial challenge tests. In an asthmatic patient who gives no reaction to bronchial challenge with a particular allergen, a positive skin test may reflect a nasal allergy.