bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing credit quality from the equity market: can a structural approach forecast credit ratings?
Authors: Du Yu , Suo Wulin 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe investigate the empirical performance of default probability prediction based on Merton's (1974) structural credit risk model. More specifically, we study if distance‐to‐default is a sufficient statistic for the equity market information concerning the credit quality of the debt‐issuing firm. We show that a simple reduced form model outperforms the Merton (1974) model for both in‐sample fitting and out‐of‐sample predictability for credit ratings, and that both can be greatly improved by including the firm's equity value as an additional variable. Moreover, the empirical performance of this hybrid model is very similar to that of the simple reduced form model. As a result, we conclude that distant‐to‐default alone does not adequately capture the firm's credit quality information from the equity market. Copyright © 2007 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic Heterogeneity of Left‐ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Moric‐Janiszewska Ewa , Markiewicz‐Łoskot Grazyna 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIsolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium (INVM) sometimes referred to as spongy myocardium is a rare, congenital and also acquired cardiomyopathy. It appears to divide the presentation into neonatal, childhood and adult forms of which spongy myocardium and systolic dysfunction is the commonality. The disorder is characterized by a left ventricular hypertrophy with deep trabeculations, and with diminished systolic function, with or without associated left ventricular dilation. In half or more of the cases, the right ventricle is also affected. The sporadic type, however, in some patients, may be due to chromosomal abnormalities and the occurrence of familial incidence. Isolated noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium in the majority of adult patients is an autosomal dominant disorder. The familial and X‐linked disorders have been described by various authors. We here describe the genetic background of this disorder: some of the most mutated genes that are responsible for the disease are (G4.5 (tafazzin gene): α‐dystrobrevin gene (DTNA); FKBP‐12 gene; lamin A/C gene; Cypher/ZASP (LIM, LDB3) gene); and some genotype‐phenotype correlations (Becker muscular dystrophy, Emery‐Dreifuss muscular dystrophy or Barth syndrome) based on the literature review. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of progenitor domains in the developing mouse thalamus
Authors: Vue Tou Yia , Aaker Joshua , Taniguchi Aya , Kazemzadeh Christina , Skidmore Jennifer M. , Martin Donna M. , Martin James F. , Treier Mathias , Nakagawa Yasushi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTo understand the molecular basis of the specification of thalamic nuclei, we analyzed the expression patterns of various transcription factors and defined progenitor cell populations in the embryonic mouse thalamus. We show that the basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor Olig3 is expressed in the entire thalamic ventricular zone and the zona limitans intrathalamica (ZLI). Next, we define two distinct progenitor domains within the thalamus, which we name pTH‐R and pTH‐C, located caudal to the ZLI. pTH‐R is immediately caudal to the ZLI and expresses Nkx2.2, Mash1, and Olig3. pTH‐C is caudal to pTH‐R and expresses Ngn1, Ngn2, and Olig3. Short‐term lineage analysis of Olig3‐, Mash1‐, Ngn1‐, and Ngn2‐expressing progenitor cells as well as tracing the Pitx2 cell lineage suggests that pTH‐C is the only major source of thalamic nuclei containing neurons that project to the cerebral cortex, whereas pTH‐R and ZLI are likely to produce distinct postmitotic populations outside of the cortex‐projecting part of the thalamus. To determine if pTH‐C is composed of subdomains, we characterized expression of the homeodomain protein Dbx1 and the bHLH protein Olig2. We show that Dbx1 is expressed in caudodorsal‐high to rostroventral‐low gradient within pTH‐C. Analysis of heterozygous Dbx1nlslacZ knockin mice demonstrated that Dbx1‐expressing progenitors preferentially give rise to caudodorsal thalamic nuclei. Olig2 is expressed in an opposite gradient within pTH‐C to that of Dbx1. These results establish the molecular heterogeneity within the progenitor cells of the thalamus, and suggest that such heterogeneity contributes to the specification of thalamic nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:73–91, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations in photoreceptor‐bipolar cell signaling following ischemia/reperfusion in the rat retina
Authors: Sun Daniel , Bui Bang V. , Vingrys Algis J. , Kalloniatis Michael 
Published: August 2007

AbstractStudies of retinal ischemia/reperfusion indicate a disparity between the anatomical and functional results; while a large number of rod bipolar cells remain postischemia, there is a significant reduction in the amplitude of the scotopic b‐wave of the electroretinogram (ERG). We investigated the alterations in photoreceptor‐bipolar cell signaling following ischemia/reperfusion and suggest a mechanism for the decrease in b‐wave amplitude. A cation channel probe (agmatine, 1‐amino‐4‐guanidobutane, AGB) was used to assess cellular ion channel activity in neurochemically identified cells secondary to endogenous glutamate release or pharmacological manipulations. By applying the “neurochemical truth point” principle (Sun et al. [2007a] J Comp Neurol, this issue), we have been able to confirm the loss of specific subpopulations of neurons. ERG was used to assess gross retinal function, with parameters of the ERG model providing insight into changes in the phototransduction cascade and sensitivity of postreceptoral glutamate receptors. Following ischemia/reperfusion, rod bipolar cells maintained 2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyric acid‐responsive metabotropic glutamate receptors and displayed no change in sensitivity to flashes of light as assessed by ERG. Therefore, the loss in b‐wave amplitude is likely due to alterations in photoreceptoral glutamate release detected as a change in postsynaptic AGB permeation into rod bipolar cells. Bipolar cell to amacrine cell signaling was also altered. The robust AGB entry into cholinergic amacrine cells was virtually absent in retinas that had undergone ischemia/reperfusion but remained in the AII amacrine cells. Such results suggest a loss of glutamate receptors and/or a change in receptor subunit expression in subpopulations of inner retinal neurons. Although many cells retain their characteristic neurochemical labeling following ischemia/reperfusion, caution should be used when assuming cells participate in functional retinal circuits based solely on the persistence of neurochemical labeling. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:131–146, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Supramolecular Conductors D2[Au(CN)4] [D = Diiodo(ethylenedichalcogeno)tetrachalcogenofulvalene], Including a New Ambient Pressure Superconductor
Authors: Imakubo Tatsuro , Shirahata Takashi , Kibune Megumi , Yoshino Hiroko 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFive diiodo(ethylenedichalcogeno)tetrachalcogenofulvalenes, DIEDSS {2‐(5,6‐dihydro[1,3]diselenolo[4,5‐b][1,4]diselenin‐2‐ylidene)‐4,5‐diiodo‐1,3‐dithiole}, DIET‐STF {2‐(4,5‐diiodo‐1,3‐diselenol‐2‐ylidene)‐5,6‐dihydro[1,3]dithiolo[4,5‐b][1,4]dithiine}, DIEDS‐STF {2‐(4,5‐diiodo‐1,3‐diselenol‐2‐ylidene)‐5,6‐dihydro[1,4]diselenino[2,3‐d][1,3]dithiole}, DIETSe {2‐(4,5‐diiodo‐1,3‐diselenol‐2‐ylidene)‐5,6‐dihydro[1,3]diselenolo[4,5‐b][1,4]dithiine}, and DIEDSSe {2‐(4,5‐diiodo‐1,3‐diselenol‐2‐ylidene)‐5,6‐dihydro[1,3]diselenolo[4,5‐b][1,4]diselenine},have been synthesized without the use of the highly toxic reagent CSe2, and their Au(CN)4 salts have been prepared by electrochemical oxidation. Characteristic I···N iodine bonds are constructed in all crystals, and their packing motifs are classified into two groups by the difference in the space group symmetry. The salt of DIEDSS crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group and a novel helical supramolecular architecture is constructed by the strong and directional I···N iodine bond. On the other hand, the rest of the four salts crystallize in the triclinic P$\bar {1}$ space group and their donor packing motifs belong to the so‐called β‐type. Conducting properties of the β‐type salts strongly depend on the number and positions of the selenium atoms on the donor molecule. The salts based on the diselenadithiafulvalene (DSDTF) derivatives, DIET‐STF and DIEDS‐STF, show metal–semiconductor transition and the salt of fully selenated π‐donor DIEDSSe shows stable metallic behavior down to 1.6 K. On the other hand, (DIETSe)2[Au(CN)4] is semimetallic down to low temperature and the superconducting transition occurs at around 2 K (onset).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Unexpected Outcome in the Reaction of Triazolinedione with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ménard‐Moyon Cécilia , Gross Marius , Bernard Maxime , Turek Philippe , Doris Eric , Mioskowski Charles 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe reactivity of triazolinedione (TAD) was investigated in the Diels–Alder reaction with carbon nanotubes. However, an unexpected conversion of TAD into its deaza dimer was observed. ESR spectroscopy suggested that the process was initiated by electron transfer from the nanotubes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Use the environmental knowledge and assessment tool to assist with environmental management
Authors: Boguski Terrie , Erickson L.E. , Fredkin Jay , Green Ryan , Jamka Leslie , Norris Greg , Vera Lynette , Whiteley Clinton 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDesigned and built by the National Environmental Evaluation and Remediation Consortium, the Environmental Knowledge and Assessment Tool (EKAT™) at www.ekat‐tool.com is a web‐based project management and decision‐support tool to identify, research, and evaluate environmental and pollution prevention options, and safety‐related issues for materials used in products and systems.The original concept of EKAT was to help Marine Corps Systems Command integrate environmental requirements into systems acquisition programs. The tool can also benefit federal and state agencies, communities, and businesses.EKAT contains information on technical and regulatory requirements and serves as a resource center with links to references, tools, and databases to assist in research efforts and minimize unintentional safety and environmental effects associated with product development or use. Features include project management and organizational capability, collaboration within project teams or the EKAT community, and communication through threaded discussions.EKAT serves as a preliminary environmental screening tool for regulatory requirements and issues of concern. The user may enter or download lists of chemicals that she or he may have obtained from material safety data sheets for products typically used in activities and operations; these chemicals can then be screened against 14 lists of federally regulated chemicals. Some of the federal lists for which the user's entered chemicals are screened against include the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Emergency Planning and Community Right‐to‐Know Act, various lists of carcinogenic substances, and more. Users may also get help estimating emissions from equipment and manufacturing processes, or review information resource documents and research guides, which provide additional environmental information and resources in a user‐friendly format.All regulatory information, for environmental, health, and safety issues found within EKAT, is based on United States federal laws and regulations, to which links can be found throughout. Links to sources of additional information, other than U.S. governmental web sites or resources, may also be found in EKAT. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2007
Simple efficient algorithm (SEA) for shallow flows with shock wave on dry and irregular beds
Authors: Zia Alireza , Banihashemi Mohamad Ali 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAn explicit Godunov‐type solution algorithm called SEA (simple efficient algorithm) has been introduced for the shallow water equations. The algorithm is based on finite volume conservative discretisation method. It can deal with wet/dry and irregular beds. Second‐order accuracy, in both time and space, is achieved using prediction and correction steps. A very simple and efficient flux limiting technique is used to equip the algorithm with total variation dimensioning property for shock capturing purposes. In order to make sure about the balance between the flux gradient and the bed slope, treatment of the source term has been done using a new procedure inspired mainly by the physical rather than mathematical consideration. SEA has been applied to one‐dimensional problems, although it can equally be applied to multi‐dimensional problems. In order to assess the
capability of proposed algorithm in dealing with practical applications, several test cases have been examined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary soil micromorphology studies of landscape and occupation history at Tabon Cave, Palawan, Philippines
Authors: Lewis Helen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPreliminary soil micromorphology study of cultural sediments at Tabon Cave, Philippines, supports interpretations of sporadic occupation in the Paleolithic. The presence in some deposits of authigenic minerals potentially related to altered cultural materials, such as ash, needs further investigation. Later in the sequence there is a marked change in local depositional processes, with the onset of significant quartz sand deposition in layers dating from the Middle to Late Holocene. This could relate to beach development in the area. Future sedimentological study and dating would confirm this interpretation, which suggests that in appropriate settings, stratified cave sediments could be useful for the study of regional sea level rise. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multidisciplinary investigations at Stalag Luft III allied prisoner‐of‐war camp: The site of the 1944 “great escape,” Zagan, Western Poland
Authors: Pringle J.K. , Doyle P. , Babits L.E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractStalag Luft III, situated in Zagan, Poland (formerly eastern Germany), was the site of a World War II Allied aviator prisoner of war (POW) camp famous for repeat escape attempts—notably the mass escape of 76 POWs in March 1944, shown in the 1963 film “The Great Escape.” The site has had little attention to date because it was within restricted military training grounds until 1992. This paper reports on attempts to locate the undiscovered “Dick” escape tunnel (the “Tom” and “Harry” tunnels from the same escape attempt were discovered and destroyed by camp authorities). Geological and geophysical surveys located hut 122, which contained the “Dick” entrance shaft. Subsequent archaeological investigations included surface artifact collection and inspection of the rubble‐filled, tunnel entrance shaft. Excavations to a depth of 10 m through yellow glacio‐fluvial sand resulted in the discovery of the refilled “Dick” tunnel with intact bed‐board shoring and ventilation system. Our investigation provides valuable insights into POW escape efforts. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase is required for central nervous system myelination
Authors: Fragoso Gabriela , Haines Jeffery D. , Roberston Janice , Pedraza Liliana , Mushynski Walter E. , Almazan Guillermina 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe p38 MAPKs are a family of kinases that regulate a number of cellular functions including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Here, we report that p38 regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation. Inhibition of p38 with PD169316 and SB203580 prevented accumulation of protein and mRNA of cell‐stage specific markers characteristic of differentiated oligodendrocytes, including myelin basic protein, myelin‐associated glycoprotein, and the glycosphingolipids, galactosylceramide and sulfatide. In addition, the cell cycle regulator p27kip1 and the transcription factor Sox10 were also significantly reduced. Most significantly, p38 inhibitors completely and irreversibly blocked myelination of dorsal root ganglion neurons by oligodendrocytes and prevented the axolemmal organization of the axo‐glial adhesion molecule Caspr. Our results suggest a role(s) for this kinase in key regulatory steps in the maturation of OLGs and initiation of myelination. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basigin/EMMPRIN/CD147 mediates neuron‐glia interactions in the optic lamina of Drosophila
Authors: Curtin Kathryn D. , Wyman Robert J. , Meinertzhagen Ian A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBasigin, an IgG family glycoprotein found on the surface of human metastatic tumors, stimulates fibroblasts to secrete matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) that remodel the extracellular matrix, and is thus also known as Extracellular Matrix MetalloPRotease Inducer (EMMPRIN). Using Drosophila we previously identified novel roles for basigin. Specifically, photoreceptors of flies with basigin eyes show misplaced nuclei, rough ER and mitochondria, and swollen axon terminals, suggesting cytoskeletal disruptions. Here we demonstrate that basigin is required for normal neuron‐glia interactions in the Drosophila visual system. Flies with basigin mutant photoreceptors have misplaced epithelial glial cells within the first optic neuropile, or lamina. In addition, epithelial glia insert finger‐like projections—capitate projections (CPs)—sites of vesicle endocytosis and possibly neurotransmitter recycling. When basigin is missing from photoreceptors terminals, CP formation between glia and photoreceptor terminals is disrupted. Visual system function is also altered in flies with basigin mutant eyes. While photoreceptors depolarize normally to light, synaptic transmission is greatly diminished, consistent with a defect in neurotransmitter release. Basigin expression in photoreceptor neurons is required for normal structure and placement of glia cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bed‐sharing practices of initially breastfed infants in the first 6 months of life
Authors: Ball Helen L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper explores the manner in which bed‐sharing is practised by breastfeeding infants in the UK, and examines how alternate definitions and interpretations of breastfeeding and bed‐sharing can lead to confusion in understanding what bed‐sharing entails. Longitudinal studies on parent–infant bed‐sharing practices are scarce, but are vital to our understanding of normative bed‐sharing behaviour. We present data from a longitudinal study of sleeping and feeding practices in England involving 97 initially breastfed infants from birth to 6 months of age whose behaviour was monitored weekly for a 6‐month period. Results demonstrate that bed‐sharing practices covary with breastfeeding practices, and that a single model of bed‐sharing behaviour does not adequately reflect the experience of all infants. Our findings have ramifications for the way in which case–control studies attempt to ‘measure’ bed‐sharing, and our understanding and interpretation of bed‐sharing risk factors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ontogeny of diurnal rhythmicity in bed‐sharing and solitary‐sleeping infants: a preliminary report
Authors: Burnham Melissa M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to investigate the development of sleep–wake and melatonin diurnal rhythms over the first 3 months of life, and the potential effect of bed‐sharing on their development. It was hypothesized that increased maternal contact through bed‐sharing would affect the development of rhythms in human infants. Ten solitary‐sleeping and 8 bed‐sharing infants' sleep–wake patterns and melatonin secretion were examined for 72 h at 1 and 3 months of age in their homes. Infants wore actigraphs on their ankles to study sleep–wake patterns. 6‐Sulphatoxymelatonin was obtained through urine extracted from each diaper used over the 72‐h study period. No significant differences were apparent in the timing of appearance or magnitude of sleep–wake or melatonin rhythms between bed‐sharing and solitary‐sleeping infants. Sleep–wake results were in the expected direction, with bed‐sharing infants displaying more robust rhythms. A large degree of individual variability was evident in both rhythms, especially at 1 month. Three infants' parents regularly used a bright light source at night for feedings and diaper changes; the rhythms of these infants were less robust than the rest of the sample. Trends were mostly in the hypothesized direction and deserve attempts at replication with a larger sample. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐sleeping during infancy and early childhood: key findings and future directions
Authors: Goldberg Wendy A. , Keller Meret A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEmergent themes from this special issue on parent–child co‐sleeping are featured in this concluding article. Each of the pieces in this collection addressed one or more of the following themes: methodologies for studying parent–infant co‐sleeping, physical and social characteristics of the child's sleep environment, associations between sleep location and breastfeeding, infant and child maturational issues, parental attitudes and values about sleep arrangements, special needs populations, maternal employment, sleep problems, sleep transitions, and future directions for research and policy. Together, the contributions define a context for weighing the benefits and disadvantages of family sleep arrangements during infancy and early childhood. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parent–infant co‐sleeping: why the interest and concern?
Authors: Goldberg Wendy A. , Keller Meret A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe practice of parents and their young children co‐sleeping is a topic of ongoing controversy and debate. Both physical and psychosocial risks and benefits have been attached to this practice. In this introduction to the special issue, we present the prevailing views about early sleep arrangements. We then discuss the organization of the special issue and highlight the contributions of each article. Together, this collection of original articles comprises a body of research that advances our understanding of co‐sleeping in the context of social and physical environments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parental perceptions of sleep problems among co‐sleeping and solitary sleeping children
Authors: Ramos Kathleen Dyer , Youngclarke Davin , Anderson Jane E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTo explore whether parental report of frequency of problematic sleep behaviours overestimates the subjective experience of sleep problems among co‐sleepers, and whether classification as reactive or intentional co‐sleeping is related to parental judgments about children's sleep, 139 parents of young children were recruited from urban paediatric offices. The Child Sleep Behaviour Survey asked about potentially problematic sleep behaviours, and yielded a simple frequency score (frequency of all items) and a weighted frequency score (only behaviours considered problematic by the parent). Parents described sleeping arrangements and demographic characteristics. Simple frequency of behaviours was higher among co‐sleepers than among solitary sleepers. Weighted frequencies were lower in all groups, but highest among reactive co‐sleepers. Parents of intentional co‐sleepers notice children's sleep behaviours that they do not consider problematic. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.