bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the effect of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency on glycated hemoglobin values in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ripoli Carlo , Ricciardi Maria Rossella , Angelo Maria Rosaria , Ripoli Daniela 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe primary objectives of the study were (a) to confirm that glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency affects HbA1c values in a sample of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and (b) to quantify this effect so that a correction can be applied to the HbA1c values found in current clinical practice. The following data were collected: age, sex, G6PD, number of daily capillary blood glucose measurements, 90-day average blood glucose levels prior to the study, HbA1c, and glycated hemoglobin estimated (eA1c) obtained from blood glucose levels. Patients were divided into three groups based on G6PD values: deficient, intermediate, and nondeficient. In each group, a comparison between the average eA1C and HbA1c values was performed. Then, the difference between the eA1c and HbA1c values of each patient and the mean of the differences (MD) of all patients was calculated within the three groups. Finally, a comparison of the MD values between groups was performed. Seventy-four subjects with T1D were studied. Based on the G6PD value, 33 subjects were deficient, 8 were intermediate, and 33 subjects were nondeficient. In deficient patients, the eA1c values were significantly higher than the HbA1c values. In the other two groups, however, there were no differences. The MD values between the three groups were significantly different. In deficient patients, MD values were higher than those in intermediate and in nondeficient patients. No difference was found between intermediate and nondeficient subjects. Our study confirms that G6PD deficiency affects HbA1c values in children and adolescents with T1D, both in deficient subjects and, to a much lesser extent, in intermediate subjects. In deficient subjects, there is an average reduction in HbA1c attributable to enzyme deficiency of 1.3% (14 mmol/mol) and in intermediate subjects of 0.3% (3 mmol/mol).
Utilizing adaptive deformable convolution and position embedding for colon polyp segmentation with a visual transformer
Authors: Sikkandar Mohamed Yacin , Sundaram Sankar Ganesh , Alassaf Ahmad , AlMohimeed Ibrahim , Alhussaini Khalid , Aleid Adham , Alolayan Salem Ali , Ramkumar P. , Almutairi Meshal Khalaf , Begum S. Sabarunisha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolyp detection is a challenging task in the diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer (CRC), and it demands clinical expertise due to the diverse nature of polyps. The recent years have witnessed the development of automated polyp detection systems to assist the experts in early diagnosis, considerably reducing the time consumption and diagnostic errors. In automated CRC diagnosis, polyp segmentation is an important step which is carried out with deep learning segmentation models. Recently, Vision Transformers (ViT) are slowly replacing these models due to their ability to capture long range dependencies among image patches. However, the existing ViTs for polyp do not harness the inherent self-attention abilities and incorporate complex attention mechanisms. This paper presents Polyp-Vision Transformer (Polyp-ViT), a novel Transformer model based on the conventional Transformer architecture, which is enhanced with adaptive mechanisms for feature extraction and positional embedding. Polyp-ViT is tested on the Kvasir-seg and CVC-Clinic DB Datasets achieving segmentation accuracies of 0.9891 ± 0.01 and 0.9875 ± 0.71 respectively, outperforming state-of-the-art models. Polyp-ViT is a prospective tool for polyp segmentation which can be adapted to other medical image segmentation tasks as well due to its ability to generalize well.
Torsion and clinical features in patients with acquired fourth cranial nerve palsy
Authors: Choi Heeyoung , Kim Sang Yoon , Kim Su-Jin , Choi Jaehwan , Yang Seungahn , Han Kwang Eon , Lee Ji-Eun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis retrospective study aimed to compare objective/subjective torsion and other clinical characteristics of patients with acquired trochlear nerve palsy. This study included 82 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with acquired fourth cranial nerve palsy between 2014 and 2021 and who were followed up for ≥ 6 months. The etiologies, ocular deviation, objective and subjective torsions were reviewed. The etiologies were classified as ischemic, traumatic, brain lesion, idiopathic, or other. The patients were classified into two groups according to the recovery state: full recovery and partial/no-recovery. We compared the torsion and clinical features based on the etiology and recovery state. The average age was 59.1 ± 11.1 years, and 58 (71.0%) of the patients were male. The most common cause was ischemic (n = 49, 59.7%) and other common causes included traumatic (n = 16, 19.5%), brain lesion (n = 8, 9.8%), idiopathic (n = 5, 6.1%) and others (n = 4, 4.9%). Of the 82 patients, 56 (68.3%) were assigned to the full recovery group, and 26 (31.7%) were assigned to the partial/no-recovery group. The average age and number of patients with ischemic causes of palsy were greater in the full recovery group (p = 0.026 and p < 0.000, respectively). The vertical deviation angle, tilted angle on the Lancaster red-green test (LRGT), proportion of patients who experienced subjective torsion on the LRGT, and head tilt were smaller in the full recovery group (p = 0.037, 0.042, 0.045, and 0.006, respectively). Ischemic trochlear nerve palsy, advanced age, a small deviation angle at the primary position, and few cases of excyclotorsion on LRGT were characteristic of the full recovery group of acquired unilateral trochlear nerve palsy patients.
Project Building Bridges: A Framework for Preparing Highly Qualified Speech-Language Pathologists to Serve Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students With Augmentative and Alternative Communication Needs
Authors: Solomon-Rice Patti L. , Robinson Nancy B. , Soto Gloria , Arana Renelinda 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
Project Building Bridges was funded by the U.S. Department of Education Office of Special Education Programs to address the shortage of speech-language pathologists qualified to serve students with complex communication needs who benefit from augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and are culturally and linguistically diverse. The purpose was to train future speech-language pathologists in culturally responsive AAC practices through coursework and fieldwork in AAC integrated into the Master of Science degree in Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences.

Method:
Fifty-seven graduate students completed the project. The scholars' curriculum consisted of two AAC courses, both on-campus and externship AAC clinical practicum experiences to provide services to multicultural and linguistically diverse students, a U.S. or international service-learning opportunity, and cumulative portfolio presentations.

Results:
Mixed-methods outcome measures consisted of four sets of pre- and postsurveys and qualitative feedback from exit interviews to assess changes in graduate student competencies. Significant differences were demonstrated between scholars' pre- and post-assessments of confidence ratings. Significant differences were also demonstrated in both scholars' and school mentors' pre- and post-assessments of competency ratings. No significant differences were found between evaluations of AAC preparation by Clinical Fellowship (CF) candidates and their CF mentors at 1 year postgraduation.

Conclusions:
Project Building Bridges provides a framework for preparing highly qualified speech-language pathologists to serve culturally and linguistically diverse students who benefit from AAC as evidenced by pre- and postsurvey results. The project can serve as a model for other university programs in the development of preservice preparation programs focusing on culturally and linguistically diverse students with AAC needs.
IDH1, ATRX, p53, and Ki67 Expression in Glioblastoma patients: Their Clinical and Prognostic Significance—A Prospective Study
Authors: Meel Mukta , Jindal Arpita , Kumar Mukesh , Mathur Kusum , Singh Ashok 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Context Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant and aggressive primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis. This adverse prognosis is due to the tumor's tendency for advancement and recurrence caused by highly intrusive nature of the persisting GBM cells that actively escape from the main tumor mass into the surrounding normal brain tissue. On the basis of biomarker illustration, it can be classified into molecular subgroups.
Aims (1) To determine the expression of IDH1, ATRX, p53, and Ki67 by immunohistochemistry, in a cohort of GBMs. (2) To determine whether altered protein expression of any of these growth-control genes in GBM will show association with patient survival. (3) To establish prognostically distinct molecular subgroups of GBM, irrespective of histopathological diagnosis.
Results In this prospective observational study, 35 histologically diagnosed cases of glioblastoma were enrolled. The mean age at the time of presentation was 43.46 ± 17.25 years with a male:female ratio of 1.3:1. Of the 35 cases, microvascular proliferation was seen in 23 cases. Large foci of necrosis (>50%) were seen in 10 cases and 27 cases had mitotic count ≥ 5/high power field (HPF). Of 35 cases, 5 (14.3%) cases showed IDH1 immunopositivity and 30 (85.7%) cases were negative for IDH1. ATRX was retained in 24 (68.6%) cases, while it was lost in 11 (31.4%) cases. The p53 immunoexpression was seen in 31 (88.6%) cases, whereas p53 was negative in 4 (11.4%) cases. The overall median survival (OS) was 6 months. In two protein pairs, the three compositions were IDH1–/p53+ (74.3%), ATRX +/IDH1– (62.9%), and ATRX +/p53+ (57.1%). Combined three-protein immunohistochemical analysis revealed five different molecular variants. Also, 8.6% (3/35) of the samples had aberrant protein expression of all three proteins, i.e., ATRX–/p53 +/IDH1 + , while 11.4% (4/35) were wild-type protein expression group, i.e., ATRX +/p53–/IDH1–.
Conclusion In patients with single protein expression, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed statistically better OS in IDH1 mutant glioblastomas. In cases with double protein pairs, IDH1/p53 revealed statistically significant association with better median OS. The survival analysis of patients with IDH1/ATRX/p53 protein combinations also denoted a better OS. Hence, GBM can be grouped into prognostically relevant subgroups using these protein expression signatures individually, as well as the combined protein expression signatures.
Understanding Policy on Women and Employment
Authors: Milner Susan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Comparative feminist scholarship distinguishes between status-based and class-based policies; the former are regulatory and address women’s inferior and vulnerable status in relation to men, while class-based policies have a redistributive dimension and address women’s economic disadvantage as carers or low-paid workers. While women’s ministerial presence and women’s policy machinery are thought to account for the former, left-of-centre parties in government are more likely to drive class-based policies. Alternative explanations for policy adoption derive from regime theories, such as welfare regime theory. This chapter considers the policy agenda of the gender pay gap, through analysis of Westminster parliamentary debates. It finds support for regime theory in the framing of debates and confirms partisan politics and feminization of parliament and government as drivers of the timing and volume of debates.
Familial Transmission of Essential Hypertension: Genes, Environments, and Chronic Anger
Authors: Ewart Craig K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Families transmit risk for essential hypertension (EH) via parents' genes and through learned patterns of behavior. Evidence linking anger with EH risk and the success of family-based approaches to early risk reduction create a need to understand how families might transmit heightened vulnerability to chronic anger arousal. Behavioral genetic research suggests that trait hostility, like high blood pressure, is heritable, and that social environments influence genetic expression. Yet pathways by which family environments foster chronic anger may not be the parenting behaviors emphasized in prominent theories of child development. Instead, research reviewed in this article suggests that susceptibility to frequent, prolonged anger is affected more by unshared family experiences arising out of marital discord, intra-familial alliances, and asymmetrical sibling interaction patterns. These processes influence the development of social competence, defined in terms of self-directive goals, self-evaluative standards, and social influence skills. Competence deficits foster persisting vulnerability to a syndrome of strong negative interpersonal emotions associated with heightened cardiovascular reactivity and disease risk. Early family intervention may prevent or modify these deficits.
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Preliminary Review of Efficacy and Methodology
Authors: McCracken Lance M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, painful, and debilitating disease which affects approximately 1% of the adult population. A great deal of literature suggests that psychological factors are important to patient outcomes in RA. This article discusses these factors and then reviews the cognitive-behavioral treatment literature for this population. Although cognitive-behavioral treatments appear to assist RA patients in managing their pain, additional findings are inconsistent and methodological limitations in the literature preclude firm conclusions. A final section of this paper presents suggestions to improve the design of future studies evaluating cognitive-behavioral treatments for these patients.
Health Through Cholesterol Reduction: Are there Unforeseen Risks?
Authors: Muldoon Matthew F. , Manuck Stephen B. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While abundant scientific evidence documents the risks of untreated hypercholesterolemia, long-term cholesterol-lowering could also be associated with adverse health effects. This article discusses potential connections between reduced serum cholesterol levels and three specific adverse outcomes: (a) cancer, (b) hemorrhagic stroke, and(c) death from non-illness related causes (suicide, accident, or violence). Included are data from epidemiologic studies of both serum cholesterol and dietary fat consumption, and evidence from randomized, clinical trials of cholesterol lowering with either dietary or pharmacologic treatment. While some evidence links reduced serum cholesterol with each of these three illnesses or events, the inconsistencies and limitations of the available evidence presently preclude conclusions regarding either the safety or dangers of cholesterol-lowering treatments.
Smoking Among Women Across the Life Span: Prevalence, Interventions, and Implications for Cessation Research
Authors: Ockene Judith K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Smoking has a significant effect on the major causes of death and disability among America's women—coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, and osteoporosis. In addition, when pregnant women smoke, they not only adversely affect themselves but also the health, development, and functioning of their unborn and young children. Although the prevalence of smoking among women in the United States has been declining over the last two and a half decades, the data indicate that women lag behind men in the degree to which they have reduced their smoking. Initiation of smoking continues to be a major problem for young women, especially those of low educational attainment. The differences in changes in smoking rates between men and women and for women at different educational levels suggest the need for targeted smoking cessation programs which address issues of specific concern to women smokers, such as weight gain and stress reduction, and those of concern to individuals of lower educational levels.
This article provides information regarding the prevalence and onset of smoking among women and rates of cessation across the life span, with a special emphasis on smoking during reproductive and child-raising years. A major focus is the review of the scientific literature on intervention strategies found to be efficacious in the health care sector with women smokers, giving special emphasis to interventions with pregnant women. The implications of the research outcomes for identifying research needs in clinic-based smoking interventions for women and for the training of health care professionals to intervene with women smokers are also discussed.
Plant–soil interactions during the native and exotic range expansion of an annual plant
Authors: Lustenhouwer Nicky , Chaubet Tom M R , Melen Miranda K , van der Putten Wim H , Parker Ingrid M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Range expansions, whether they are biological invasions or climate change-mediated range shifts, may have profound ecological and evolutionary consequences for plant–soil interactions. Range-expanding plants encounter soil biota with which they have a limited coevolutionary history, especially when introduced to a new continent. Past studies have found mixed results on whether plants experience positive or negative soil feedback interactions in their novel range, and these effects often change over time. One important theoretical explanation is that plants locally adapt to the soil pathogens and mutualists in their novel range. We tested this hypothesis in Dittrichia graveolens, an annual plant that is both expanding its European native range, initially coinciding with climate warming, and rapidly invading California after human introduction. In parallel greenhouse experiments on both continents, we used plant genotypes and soils from 5 locations at the core and edge of each range to compare plant growth in soil inhabited by D. graveolens and nearby control microsites as a measure of plant–soil feedback. Plant–soil interactions were highly idiosyncratic across each range. On average, plant–soil feedbacks were more positive in the native range than in the exotic range. In line with the strongly heterogeneous pattern of soil responses along our biogeographic gradients, we found no evidence for evolutionary differentiation between plant genotypes from the core to the edge of either range. Our results suggest that the evolution of plant–soil interactions during range expansion may be more strongly driven by local evolutionary dynamics varying across the range than by large-scale biogeographic shifts.
(O-06) PREVALENCE OF CLIMACTURIA IN POST RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY PATIENTS IN REFERRAL HOSPITAL IN BOGOTA
Authors: Garcia S , Diaz Ritter C , Peña Rodríguez S , Fernandez Mantilla D , Khoshbin F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Climacturia is a frequent complication of radical prostatectomy (RP). Pelvic floor involvement and urinary sphincter functionality play a vital role in its pathophysiology. The prevalence in Colombia is unknown, and it is currently an underdiagnosed entity. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of climacturia in men undergoing RP in a fourth-level hospital in Bogota from 2018 to 2023.

Methodology
A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Patients who attended postoperative control for 6 months and 1 year after a RP in the institution were included. A standardized survey was applied evaluating the presence of urine leakage during sexual arousal and/or orgasm and standardized scales of urinary incontinence and sexual function.

Results
Forty-four patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 64.7 (range: 45-81). The distribution of the surgical approach used in these patients is shown in Table 1. 56,8% (n=25) reported urine leakage during arousal. Of these patients, 43.1% (n=19) had received robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), followed by open surgery with 13,6% (n=6) of patients reporting this symptom. On the other hand, 38,6% (n=17) of patients had urine leakage during orgasm, of which the highest proportion of this symptom was open surgery. A limitation of the study was the lack of active search for this pathology in the general urological consultation and the poor response of patients to the forms.

Conclusions
The prevalence of climacturia is high and its diagnosis has multiple limitations. In addition, other post-prostatectomy side effects were identified, such as urine leakage with arousal, whose prevalence was higher than that of climacturia and may affect the sexuality of patients. Additionally, considering these are the preliminary findings from a prospective study, a larger sample size is required to achieve more representative results.

Financing
No conflict.
(O-08) IMPACT OF SUBINGUINAL MICROSURGICAL VARICOCELECTOMY ON MALE INFERTILITY: SEMINAL PARAMETERS, SERUM TESTOSTERONE, AND PREGNANCY RATE - RETROSPECTIVE COHORT AT A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Crelier G M , Vasconcelos C V O , Nunes D P , Vidal V A , Diniz V S , Schiavini J L , Filho RdTeF , Junior H R J , Lara C M C , Damião R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction and Objective
Varicocele is the most common identifiable cause of male infertility, and varicocelectomy is the most frequently performed surgery for its treatment. This condition impacts infertility cases and sperm quality. Microsurgical varicocelectomy is considered the gold standard treatment for varicocele. This retrospective cohort aims to evaluate the effects of microsurgical varicocelectomy on seminal parameters, serum testosterone, and pregnancy rate in the context of male infertility in 39 patients who underwent the procedure at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro.

Methods
This study is a retrospective cohort conducted between January 2016 and February 2023, involving 39 men who underwent subinguinal microsurgical varicocele repair in the context of marital infertility. Pre- and post-operative analyses of seminal parameters were based on the criteria of the World Health Organization from 2010. Post-operative semen analysis and serum testosterone levels were assessed 3 to 6 months after varicocelectomy. The pregnancy rate was observed through interviews until February 28, 2023.

Results
Subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy is associated with a significant increase in testosterone levels and an improvement in seminal parameters, all with statistical significance. Testosterone levels increased by an average of 84.2 (±14.7) ng/dl. The pregnancy rate also increased significantly, with 51.3% of couples achieving pregnancy as of the time of this study.

Conclusion
In this patient population, infertile men with clinical varicocele who underwent subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy showed a significant increase in testosterone levels, improvement in seminal parameters, and a significant reduction in the proportion of azoospermia. Furthermore, there was an increase in the occurrence of pregnancy in couples with marital infertility.

Statistical Results

Financing
No conflict.