bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain and sensory organ morphology in Antarctic eelpouts (perciformes: Zoarcidae: Lycodinae)
Authors: Lannoo Michael J. , Eastman Joseph T. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractEelpouts of the family Zoarcidae comprise a monophyletic group of marine fishes with a worldwide distribution. Centers of high zoarcid diversity occur in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, with important radiations into the Arctic, along southern South America, and into the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. Along with snailfishes (Liparidae), zoarcids form an important component of the non‐notothenioid fauna in the subzero shelf waters of Antarctica. We document the anatomy and histology of the brains, cranial nerves, olfactory apparatus, cephalic lateral lines, taste buds, and retinas of three Antarctic zoarcid species, living at depths of 310–939 m, representing three of the nine genera from this region. The primary emphasis is on Ophthalmolycus amberensis, and we provide a detailed drawing of the brain and cranial nerves of this species. Although this brain reflects general perciform neural morphology, it exhibits a reduction of the (optic) tecta and the eminentia granulares and crista cerebellares of the lateral line system. Interspecific differences among the three species are slight. The olfactory rosette consists of three to four lamellae and the nasal sac, contrary to the claim of Fanta et al. ([2001] Antarct Rec, Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo 45:27–42), is not in communication with the cephalic lateral line system. Primary olfactory neurons are abundant and converge on branches of the olfactory nerve. Numerous taste buds are located in the lips. All three species lack an ocular choroid rete and have relatively thin retinas with a low cell density and a single bank of rods as the only type of photoreceptor. Neural diversification among Antarctic zoarcids has not involved the evolution of sensory specialists; brain and sensory organ morphologies do not approach the condition seen in primary deep‐sea fishes, or even that of some sympatric non‐perciform secondary deep‐sea fishes, including liparids and muraenolepidids (eel cods). There may be phylogenetic constraints on brain morphology in perciforms such that we do not see extreme specialization in sensory and neural systems for deep habitats. We suggest that the brains and sensory organs of Antarctic zoarcids reflect habitation of 500–2,000‐m depths and likely reflect morphologies seen in zoarcids living on continental slopes elsewhere in the world. This balance among the sensory modalities makes zoarcids relatively generalized among secondary deep‐sea fishes and may be one of the reasons this opportunistic and adaptable group has been successful in colonizing a variety of emergent and ephemeral habitats. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic susceptibility effects on the accuracy of MR temperature monitoring by the proton resonance frequency method
Authors: Boss Andreas , Graf Hansjörg , Müller‐Bierl Bernd , Clasen Stephan , Schmidt Diethard , Pereira Philippe L. , Schick Fritz 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the error of MR temperature assessment based on the temperature‐dependent Larmor frequency shift of water protons, which can result from susceptibility effects caused by the radiofrequency (RF) applicator.Materials and MethodsLocal frequency shifts due to RF applicator displacements were simulated numerically by means of a three‐dimensional elementary dipole model. Experimental examinations using a water tank phantom equipped with a high‐precision screw thread were applied to examine temperature and movement effects for five commercially available, MR‐compatible RF applicators. Measurements were performed at 1.5 Tesla.ResultsFor single‐needle electrodes perpendicular to the external field, a distortion of 0.1 ppm and 0.2 ppm was recorded at a distance of 17.5 mm and 12.5 mm, respectively, to the needle shaft. Cluster applicators and umbrella‐shaped applicators caused distortions of 0.1 ppm up to distances of 36 mm. Sinusoidal dependence on applicator orientation was found with the highest values for perpendicular orientation and the lowest values for orientation parallel to the magnetic field. With a single electrode oriented perpendicular to the field at a distance of 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm, a needle displacement of 5 mm led to an error in temperature measurement of 16.3°C and 7.5°C, respectively.ConclusionIn MR temperature measurement, displacement of the RF applicator by patient movement or breathing leads to significant errors that have to be taken into account when PRF temperature maps are used to monitor tumor ablation in the presence of paramagnetic applicators. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Line‐scan diffusion tensor MR imaging at 0.2 T: Feasibility study
Authors: Hori Masaaki , Aoki Shigeki , Okubo Toshiyuki , Ishigame Keiichi , Kumagai Hiroshi , Araki Tsutomu 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPurposeTo investigate and measure apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values using data obtained with line‐scan diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) of human brains on a 0.2 Tesla MR imager.Materials and MethodsDiffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on eight healthy volunteers. The signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) of white matter and cerebrospinal fluid were measured. ADC and FA were also measured from the data obtained from all subjects. Three‐dimensional corticospinal fiber tracts were reconstructed from the DT images and a qualitative evaluation was done.ResultsThe total scan time was 52 minutes 30 seconds for 18 slices with full‐tensor images covering the whole brain. The ADCs and FAs show the appropriate values, in comparison with values obtained at high field strength in previous studies. Corticospinal fibers were demonstrated more clearly on images obtained at 0.2 T than at 1.5T.ConclusionDTI at low field strength may be feasible for clinical use to estimate the white matter of brain with limited coverage, which often may be sufficient. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Value of contrast‐enhanced, balanced cine‐MR sequences in the assessment of apparent infarct size after acute myocardial infarction: A prospective comparison with delayed‐enhancement sequences
Authors: Laissy Jean‐Pierre , Hyafil Fabien , Huart Valérie , Serfaty Jean‐Michel , Chillon Sylvie , Schouman‐Claeys Elisabeth , Faraggi Marc 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast‐enhanced (CE) delayed cine steady‐state free precession (SSFP) sequences in the assessment of apparent infarct size after acute myocardial infarction (MI).Materials and MethodsContrast‐enhanced (CE) balanced cine‐SSFP sequences were compared with delayed‐enhancement (DE) T1 sequences for their ability to detect segmental abnormal enhancement in 29 consecutive patients with recent successfully reperfused acute MI.ResultsThe extent of myocardial involvement revealed by postcontrast cine‐SSFP sequences and DE images was closely correlated (Spearman r = 0.86, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two sequences in assessing subendocardial or transmural involvement.ConclusionIn addition to DE sequences, CE cine‐SSFP sequences should play a role in assessing necrotic and jeopardized myocardium after acute MI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3.0 T vs. 1.5 T MR angiography: In vitro comparison of intravascular stent artifacts
Authors: Wall Alexander , Kugel Harald , Bachman Rainald , Matuszewski Lars , Krämer Stefan , Heindel Walter , Maintz David 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the signal characteristics of different iliac artery stents in MR angiography (MRA) at 3 T in comparison with 1.5 T.Materials and MethodsSixteen iliac artery stents were implanted in plastic tubes filled with a solution of Gd‐DTPA and imaged at 3 T and 1.5 T using a T1‐weighted 3D spoiled gradient‐echo sequence. Image analysis included a subjective assessment of artifact characteristics, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) measurements in stented and unstented vessel parts, and quantitative measurements of total artifact size.ResultsThe pattern of stent artifacts inside the stents evidently did not differ at 3 T and 1.5 T. The average total size of the artifact areas surrounding the stents was significantly larger at 3 T (P < 0.03). However, within the stented part of the vessel phantom, the signal of the lumen and its contrast to modeled surrounding tissue was significantly higher at the higher field. The mean SNR of the lumen increased from 95.5 at 1.5 T to 127.3 at 3 T, and the CNR of the vessel increased from 70.3 to 93.ConclusionAssessment of the stent lumen in iliac artery stents in a phantom model is not compromised by imaging at 3 T compared to 1.5 T. The signal gain inside the stented part of the vessel lumen at higher field compensates for the higher degree of stent artifacts seen in stents made of steel or cobalt. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemodynamic evaluation of the peripheral pulmonary circulation by cine phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kellenberger Christian J. , Macgowan Christopher K. , Roman Kevin S. , Al‐Habshan Fahad , Benson Lee N. , Redington Andrew N. , Yoo Shi‐Joon 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPurposeTo describe the normal flow patterns in peripheral pulmonary vessels with phase‐contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsTwelve healthy adults (age = 33 ± 7 years) underwent cine PC MRI of the segmental and central pulmonary arteries and veins by means of a breath‐held segmented k‐space technique. Flow patterns were analyzed on time‐velocity curves and compared between the peripheral and central vessels.ResultsThe pulsatile flow patterns in the segmental arteries and veins were similar among individuals. When compared with the central pulmonary arteries, the segmental arteries had a delay in the systolic and diastolic flow velocity waves, and an increased magnitude of the diastolic peaks, in relation to the systolic peaks. A prominent notch was present during the deceleration phase of the systolic flow velocity wave in 79% of the segmental arteries investigated. The segmental veins showed a typical pulmonary venous flow pattern, as seen in the central veins, with similar systolic‐to‐diastolic peak velocity ratios.ConclusionNoninvasive evaluation of blood flow in intraparenchymal pulmonary vessels is feasible with PC MRI. This first description of normal flow patterns in segmental pulmonary arteries and veins can serve as basis for further investigation in the setting of altered pulmonary blood flows. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of industrial alkylpolyphosphonates by infusion electrospray ionization‐ion trap mass spectrometry with identification of the impurities by tandem capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Ortega‐Gadea Silvia , Bernabé‐Zafón Virginia , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto F. , Ochs Christopher , Ramis‐Ramos Guillermo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTechnical grade diethylene‐triaminepentakis(methylenephosphonic acid) (I), dihexamethylene‐triaminepentakis(methylenephosphonic acid) (II), ethylene‐diaminetetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid) (III), hexamethylene‐diaminetetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid) (IV), amino‐tris(methylenephosphonic acid) (V), hydroxyethyl‐aminobis(methylenephosphonic acid) (VI), 1‐hydroxyethylidene‐1,1‐diphosphonic acid (VII), and 2‐phosphonobutane‐1,2,4‐tricarboxylic acid (VIII) were characterized by ion trap mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI‐ITMS). Using the negative ion mode and acid and alkaline media, peak series corresponding to the nominal compounds and to impurities with a lower number of phosphonate groups were distinguished in I–V. Each series was constituted by [M − nH + (n − 1)Na]− peaks and peaks produced from them by losses of water, H3PO3(or water plus HPO2), and combined losses. For each [M − nH + (n − 1)Na]− peak, the number of losses coincided with the number of phosphonate groups not bound to sodium ions minus one (the group bearing the charge). Owing to the hydroxyethyl group, the spectrum of VI was dominated by the formation of intermolecular esters, with both losses and gains of water according to [nM − H ± mH2O]−. A series of [M − nH + (n − 1)Na]− peaks were observed for VII and VIII, showing in the latter case that the carboxylate groups may also form adducts with sodium ions. Losses of water and H3PO3were observed in VII, whereas losses of water, CO2, and HPO3 were seen in VIII. The reaction pathways leading to the production of the observed ions are described. The nominal compounds and the impurities were also separated and identified by capillary electrophoresis with ESI‐ITMS detection. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of ethyl glucuronide in hair samples by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Morini Luca , Politi Lucia , Groppi Angelo , Stramesi Cristiana , Polettini Aldo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA method for the determination of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair samples, using liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS), was developed and validated. The treatment of hair samples was as follows: to 100 mg of washed (dichloromethane followed by methanol, 1 ml each) and cut (1–2 mm) material, 700 µl of water, 20 µl of internal standard solution (pentadeuterated EtG, D5‐EtG, 500 µg/l) and 20 µl of methanol were added. Samples were incubated at 25 °C overnight and then ultrasonicated for 2 h. Finally, 8 µl of the centrifuged solution (13 000 rpm) were analyzed by LC/ESI‐MS/MS in negative ion mode. The surviving ions of EtG and D5‐EtG were monitored together with the following MRM transitions: m/z 221 → 75, m/z 221 → 85 (EtG) and m/z 226 → 75, m/z 226 → 85 (D5‐EtG). The method exhibited a mean correlation coefficient better than 0.9998 over the dynamic range (3–2000 pg/mg). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) and the limit of detection (LOD) were 3 and 2 pg/mg respectively. The intra‐ and interday precision and accuracy were studied at four different concentration levels (3, 5, 56 and 160 pg/mg) and were always better than 7% (n = 5). Matrix effects did not exceed 20%. The method was applied to several hair samples taken from autopsies of known alcoholics, from patients in withdrawal treatment, from social drinkers, from adult teetotalers and from children not exposed to ethanol, with EtG concentrations globally ranging from ≤2 to 4180 pg/mg. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric pressure photoionization coupled to porous graphitic carbon liquid chromatography for the analysis of globotriaosylceramides. Application to Fabry disease
Authors: Delobel Arnaud , Roy Sandrine , Touboul David , Gaudin Karen , Germain Dominique P. , Baillet Arlette , Brion Françoise , Prognon Patrice , Chaminade Pierre , Laprévote Olivier 
Published: November 2005

AbstractGlobotriaosylceramides (Gb3) are biological compounds implicated in Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disease due to the deficient activity of α‐D‐galactosidase A, which results in an accumulation of Gb3 in many organs. The naturally occurring samples are composed of mixtures of several molecular species differing by the structure of the alkyl chains and the nature of the sphingoid base. Atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry (APPI‐MS) proved to be an efficient method for the analysis of globotriaosylceramide molecular species, both in direct injection and by coupling with liquid chromatography (LC). In the positive ion mode, in‐source fragmentations yield very precious information that can be used to determine the structure of the alkyl chains. In the negative ion mode, the chloroform solvent participates to the analyte ionization by forming an adduct with chloride ions generated in situ. Combination of LC on a Porous Graphitic Carbon stationary phase and APPI‐MS allowed the detection of a great number of species from biological samples isolated from Fabry patients. This method could be an interesting analytical tool for the biochemical investigation of (sphingo) lipid metabolism. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential expression of γ‐aminobutyric acid‐A receptor subunits in rat dorsal and ventral hippocampus
Authors: Sotiriou Evangelos , Papatheodoropoulos Costas , Angelatou Fevronia 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRecent data demonstrate weaker γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic inhibition in ventral (VH) compared with dorsal (DH) hippocampus. Therefore, we examined possible differences regarding the GABAAreceptors between VH and DH as follows: 1) the expression of the GABAAreceptor subunits (α1/2/4/5, β1/2/3, γ2, δ) mRNA and protein and 2) the quantitative distribution and kinetic parameters of [3H]muscimol (GABAAreceptor agonist) binding. VH compared with DH showed: 1) lower levels for α1, β2, γ2 but higher levels for α2 and β1 subunits in CA1, CA2, and CA3, the differences being more pronounced in CA1 region; in the CA1 region, the mRNA levels of α5 were higher, whereas those of α4 subunit were slightly lower; in dentate gyrus, the mRNA levels of α4, β3, and δ subunits were significantly lower, presumably suggesting a lower expression of the α4/β3/δ receptor subtype; and 2) lower levels of [3H]muscimol binding, with the lowest value observed in CA1, apparently resulting from weaker binding affinity, insofar as the KDvalues were higher in VH, whereas the Bmaxvalues were similar between DH and VH. The differences in the subunit expression and the lower affinity of GABAAreceptor binding observed predominantly in the CA1 region of VH suggest that the α1/β2/γ2 GABAAreceptor subtype dominates in DH, and the α2/β1/γ2 subtype prevails in VH. This could underlie the lower GABAA‐mediated inhibition observed in VH and, to some extent, explain 1) the higher liability of VH for epileptic activity and 2) the differential involvement of DH and VH in cognitive and emotional processes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sleep deprivation‐induced protein changes in basal forebrain: Implications for synaptic plasticity
Authors: Basheer Radhika , Brown Ritchie , Ramesh Vijay , Begum Suraiya , McCarley Robert W. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe need to sleep is universal and lack of sleep often results in decreases in alertness and cognitive function. Data suggest that sleep‐related mechanisms and deficits resulting from loss of sleep are associated anatomically with the basal forebrain. Long‐term effects of sleep deprivation, those lasting a day or more, likely require transcriptional changes leading to changes in protein synthesis, whereas short‐term effects may be mediated by rapid changes in the functional status of proteins. To understand sleep deprivation‐induced changes in proteins in the wake‐promoting area of the basal forebrain in rat, proteomic analysis was carried out by a combination of 2D gel electrophoresis to separate and visualize proteins and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of flight mass spectrometry for protein identification. Among 969 protein spots that were compared, 89 spots showed more than a twofold difference between 6‐hr sleep‐deprived rats and undisturbed sleeping controls. We have identified 11 of these proteins to be either cytoskeletal or associated with synapses. The changes in four of these proteins were analyzed further by Western blots of 1D and 2D. Two proteins associated with the cytoskeleton, tubulin and GAP43, show posttranslational modifications. Increased tyrosination of α tubulin isoforms and increased phosphorylation of GAP43 was observed after 6‐hr sleep deprivation when compared to that in sleeping controls. The synaptic protein synaptosomal‐associated protein‐25 (SNAP25) is decreased whereas amphiphysin is phosphorylated after sleep deprivation. These changes in proteins in the basal forebrain during short‐term sleep deprivation are suggestive of changes in the substrate for neuronal transmission and plasticity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estrogen differentially regulates expression of Per1 and Per2 genes between central and peripheral clocks and between reproductive and nonreproductive tissues in female rats
Authors: Nakamura Takahiro J. , Moriya Takahiro , Inoue Shin , Shimazoe Takao , Watanabe Shigenori , Ebihara Shizufumi , Shinohara Kazuyuki 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAlthough it has long been established that estrogen alters circadian rhythms in behavior, physiology, and reproductive functions in mammals, the molecular mechanism for these effects remains unknown. To explore the possibility that estrogen affects circadian rhythms by changing the expression of clock‐related genes, we investigated the effects of chronic treatment with 17β‐estradiol (E2) on the expression of Per1 and Per2 genes in the brain (suprachiasmatic nucleus and cerebral cortex) and periphery (liver, kidney, and uterus) of ovariectomized rats by means of in situ hybridization and northern blotting. In the brain, E2 treatment advanced the peak of Per2 mRNA expression in the SCN; however, it failed to affect the rhythm of Per2 mRNA expression in the CX and Per1 mRNA expression in both the SCN and the CX. In nonreproductive peripheral tissues (liver and kidney), E2 delayed the phase and increased the amplitude of Per1 mRNA expression. In the reproductive tissues (uterus), biphasic rhythms in Per1 and Per2 mRNA were observed after E2 treatment. These findings suggest that the effects of estrogen are different between central and peripheral clock in the brain, and between reproductive and nonreproductive tissues in the periphery. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regeneration of granule neurons after lesioning of hippocampal dentate gyrus: Evaluation using adult mice treated with trimethyltin chloride as a model
Authors: Ogita Kiyokazu , Nishiyama Norito , Sugiyama Chie , Higuchi Kei , Yoneyama Masanori , Yoneda Yukio 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe hippocampal dentate gyrus in adult animals is known to contain neural progenitors that proliferate and differentiate into neurons in response to brain injury. Little has been observed, however, on regeneration of the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus that has been directly injured. Using trimethyltin (TMT)‐treated mice as an in vivo model, we evaluated the ability of this layer to regenerate after injury. The administration of TMT induced neuronal death in the dentate gyrus selectively 2 days later, with recovery of granule neurons on day 14 and thereafter. At an early stage (days 2–5) after the damage by TMT treatment, 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into at least two different types of cells was facilitated in the dentate gyrus: BrdU‐positive/neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN)‐negative cells were found predominantly in the subgranular zone and granule cell layer, whereas BrdU‐positive/NeuN‐positive cells were numerous in the dentate molecular layer and hilus. In addition, expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, nestin, NeuroD3, and doublecortin, which are markers for proliferating cells and neural progenitors/neuronal precursors, was extremely enhanced in the dentate gyrus at the early stage after treatment. Double staining revealed that BrdU was colocalized with nestin and doublecortin in the subgranular zone. Behavioral analysis revealed that TMT‐induced cognition impairment was ameliorated by day 14 after the treatment. Taken together, our data indicate that the hippocampal dentate gyrus itself is capable of regenerating the neuronal cell layer through rapid enhancement of neurogenesis after injury. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.