bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of Metals in Naturally Grown Weeds (Aquatic Macrophytes) Grown on an Industrial Effluent Channel
Authors: Sahu Ranjeev. K. , Naraian Ram , Chandra Vishal 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe ability of seven hyperaccumulator macrophytes which grow naturally in the heavy metal contaminated channels of three different industries (Hindustan Aeronautical Ltd., Eveready Ltd., and Scooter India Ltd.) to accumulate heavy metals was recorded. All these industries use electroplating processes in their manufacturing and are located in the inner area of Lucknow City, U.P., India. Of the three industries monitored, effluent released from Eveready Ltd. contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. In general, accumulations of heavy metals depend upon the plant species and the metal concentration in the media. All plant samples showed heterogeneous metal accumulations, except for Fe or Cd. It was observed that some plant species accumulated high level of metals, e. g., Eichhornnia crassipes for Fe (4052.44 μg/g), Mn (788.42 μg/g), and Cu (315.50 μg/g), and Spirodela polyrhiza for Cd (12.75 μg/g), Pb (20.25 μg/g), and Cr (128.27 μg/g), even when the metal concentrations were not high in the effluent. In summary, these two plants were found to be the best accumulators at each contaminated site. The results will be helpful in the selection of plant species which can be used as bioaccumulators or bioindicators.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting for treatment of HER2‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Garrison Louis P. , Lubeck Deborah , Lalla Deepa , Paton Virginia , Dueck Amylou , Perez Edith A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Adding trastuzumab to adjuvant chemotherapy provides significant clinical benefit in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer. A cost‐effectiveness analysis was performed to assess clinical and economic implications of adding trastuzumab to adjuvant chemotherapy, based upon joint analysis of NSABP B‐31 and NCCTG N9831 trials.METHODS.A Markov model with 4 health states was used to estimate the cost utility for a 50‐year‐old woman on the basis of trial results through 4 years and estimates of long‐term recurrence and death based on a meta‐analysis of trials. From 6 years onward, rates of recurrence and death were assumed to be the same in both trastuzumab and chemotherapy‐only arms. Incremental costs were estimated for diagnostic and treatment‐related costs. Analyses were from payer and societal perspectives, and these analyses were projected to lifetime and 20‐year horizons.RESULTS.Over a lifetime, the projected cost of trastuzumab per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY; discount rate 3%) gained was $26,417 (range, $9104‐$69,340 under multiway sensitivity analysis). Discounted incremental lifetime cost was $44,923, and projected life expectancy was 3 years longer for patients who received trastuzumab (19.4 years vs 16.4 years). During a 20‐year horizon, the projected cost of adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy was $34,201 per QALY gained. Key cost‐effectiveness drivers were discount rate, trastuzumab price, and probability of metastasis. The cost‐effectiveness result was robust to sensitivity analysis.CONCLUSIONS.Trastuzumab for adjuvant treatment of early stage breast cancer was projected to be cost effective over a lifetime horizon, achieving a cost‐effectiveness ratio below that of many widely accepted oncology treatments. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Unmet psychosocial needs of Pennsylvanians with cancer: 1986–2005
Authors: Barg Frances K. , Cronholm Peter F. , Straton Joseph B. , Keddem Shimrit , Knott Kathryn , Grater Joyce , Houts Peter , Palmer Steven C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purpose of the current study was to identify unmet psychosocial needs of cancer survivors, understand the distribution of needs across subgroups, and compare unmet needs in 2005 with those identified by Houts et al. in 1986.METHODS.Using a sequential mixed methods design, qualitative interviews were conducted with 32 cancer survivors or family members to identify the psychosocial needs of people from the time of cancer diagnosis through survivorship. These data were used to modify a needs assessment that was mailed to a stratified random sample of survivors obtained from the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry.RESULTS.A total of 614 survivors returned usable questionnaires. Nearly two‒thirds of respondents reported experiencing at least 1 unmet psychosocial need, particularly emotional, physical, and treatment‒related needs. It is likely that unmet needs in insurance, employment, information, and homecare increased during the 20‒year interval between surveys. Demographics associated with increased unmet need included later stage of disease at the time of diagnosis, younger age, more comorbidities, and lower income.CONCLUSIONS.Unmet psychosocial need remains high despite 20 years of effort to address psychosocial issues. This may be due to a mismatch between needs and services. Unmet need may be related to access issues, a lack of awareness of resources, “new” needs that have arisen in a changing healthcare climate, and patient preferences for types of service. Cancer treatment staff should be especially alert for psychosocial problems in younger individuals with an additional illness burden. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
CEC enantioseparations on chiral monolithic columns: A study of the stereoselective degradation of (R/S)‐dichlorprop [2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid] in soil
Authors: Messina Antonella , Sinibaldi Massimo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFor the study of the stereoselective degradation of the herbicide 2‐aryloxipropionic acid dichlorprop (DCPP) in soil, a porous monolithic chiral column (100 μm id) was prepared by in situ copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the presence of formamide and 1‐propanol as the porogen solvents. Subsequently, the epoxide groups at the surface of the monolith were reacted with (+)‐1‐(4‐aminobutyl)‐(5R,8S,10R)‐terguride as the chiral selector. Optimum conditions for the herbicide resolution by CEC were found using mobile phases consisting of acetic acid/triethylamine mixtures in ACN–methanol (9:1 v/v). Under these conditions fully separation of DCPP enantiomers in the presence of clofibric acid (internal standard) was achieved in about 5 min. Experiments on the incubation of rac‐DCPP in soil at room temperature showed the herbicide undergone during 23 incubation days to a degradation to levels ≤20% of the initial concentration, with rates for (R)‐DCPP slower than (S)‐DCPP. More interesting results were observed when herbicide enantiomers were individually incubated. In both the experiments, the formation of the opposite isomer in the presence of the initial one, and reversed enantiomeric interconversion in the case of (S)‐DCPP was observed. (R)‐DCPP was found to be the most persistent isomer after incubation.
Nonaqueous and aqueous‐organic media for the enantiomeric separations of neutral organophosphorus pesticides by CE
Authors: Huang Lu , Lin Jinming , Xu Liangjun , Chen Guonan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe enantiomeric separation of some poorly water‐soluble organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) has been investigated using nonaqueous solvent and aqueous‐organic solvent systems. In this work, sodium cholate (SC) either with SDS or γ‐CD was used to achieve enantiomeric separations of four neutral and poorly water‐soluble OPs, i.e., profenofos, prothiofos, sulprofos, and pyraclofos. Electrophoretic medium consisted of a mixture of methanol (MeOH) with ACN (4:1 v/v) or a mixture of MeOH with H2O and ACN (5:4:1 v/v/v). On one hand, NACE was applied for enantiomeric separation of pyraclofos using a large amount of chiral and achiral surfactants (SC and SDS). On the other hand, H2O was added to act as a solvent additive to increase the solubility of γ‐CD in the organic solvents such as MeOH and ACN, in which the solubility of γ‐CD was very low. The presence of H2O was found to be particularly useful for the enantiomeric separation of profenofos, prothiofos, and sulprofos. In this way, the range of application of the neutral CDs in CE has been extended. In addition, SC was used as the only electrolyte. The proposed method has been applied for the analysis of soil samples.
Movement behaviour in patients with chronic neck pain
Authors: Vogt Lutz , Segieth Christoper , Banzer Winfried , Himmelreich Heiko 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground and Purpose. The present study evaluated whether patients with chronic neck pain demonstrate characteristic angular movement deviations during repeated cervical spine movements. Method. Sixteen patients with chronic neck pain and a group of 18 aged‐matched healthy control subjects performed 10 repetitive maximal cervical movement cycles (flexion/extension, rotation, lateral flexion) at a self‐determined velocity. To collect the kinematic data of the cervical spine, a three‐dimensional ultrasonic movement analysis system (Zebris CMS70©, Germany) was used. To describe the movement variability in the maximum oscillation amplitudies the intra‐subject coefficients of variation (CV %) was calculated. The maximum difference was characterized by the absolute differences between the minimum and maximum oscillation amplitudes of iterated movement cycles. Pain intensity was obtained by visual analogue scales (VAS). Results. The average pain rating of the patients with chronic neck pain indicated moderate neck pain intensity (3.7 (±0.8)). Independent Student's t‐tests revealed a significantly decreased range of movement (ROM) in the chronic neck pain group for all anatomic values (p < 0.05), except for the lateral flexion to the right. The maximum differences and variability parameters showed significantly increased values in the chronic neck pain group in all directions (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Maximal cervical ROM was significantly lower, and movement variability was significantly higher, in patients compared with healthy control subjects. The differences of cervical motion variability point towards increased movement irregularities in patients with chronic neck pain. The present study shows evidence to support the hypothesis that additional information may be gained from the analysis of movement variability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining loss characteristics of arid zone river waterbodies
Authors: Costelloe Justin F. , Shields Andrew , Grayson Rodger B. , McMahon Thomas A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUnderstanding the retention time of water in waterbodies during periods of no surface flow in dryland rivers provides an important context for evaluating the ecological importance of a waterhole to the river system. Time series of water level data were collected from 10 waterbodies spread across three river systems of the Lake Eyre Basin (LBE), Australia. Observed loss rates in the absence of surface flow were compared to modelled evaporation rates in order to determine whether open water evaporation was the main loss process from isolated waterholes and to what extent there is evidence of interaction between the surface water and any shallow groundwater aquifers. The modelled evaporation rates were determined using the Penman combination equation and meteorological data from the closest climate station in the region of the waterbodies. The modelled evaporation data were able to explain only some of the variability in the observed loss data but did highlight periods where other processes (including observation error) need to be invoked. These other possible processes, which include temporary groundwater connection and the effect of heat storage on the evaporation losses, probably contribute as much to the observed data variability as error introduced by the use of regional meteorological data. Assuming evaporation is the dominant process determining water loss in the absence of flow, the persistence of a waterhole is primarily dependent upon its depth when flow ceases. The annual loss shown by most waterbodies lies within the range of the modelled evaporation rate using the Penman combination equation and equates between 1.5 and 2.5 m per annum. The use of water level data in conjunction with the modelled evaporation rates was able to provide important insights into controls on waterbody loss rates and persistence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zn8[P12N24]O2 – ein Nitridophosphat‐oxid mit Sodalith‐Struktur
Authors: Karau Friedrich , Oeckler Oliver , Schäfers Franz , Niewa Rainer , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractZn8P12N24O2 – a Nitridophosphate Oxide with Sodalite StructureThe reaction between zinc metal and phosphorus nitride imide PN(NH) was investigated. Surprisingly, no Zn6P12N24 was formed as assumed in former investigations but phase pure Zn8[P12N24]O2 ( (Nr. 217), a = 8.2422(2) Å; Z = 1) was obtained due to contamination by a small amount of oxygen. The existence of Zn8[P12N24]O2 was formerly supposed, but neither its crystal structure nor its exact composition have been unequivocally reported so far. The stoichiometric formula was deducted from elemental analyses, XANES spectroscopy at the phosphorus K‐threshold and IR‐spectroscopy using the crystallographic results of electron diffraction, X‐ray powder diffraction and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. Zn8[P12N24]O2 adopts the sodalite structure type and is thus isotypic with Zn8[P12N24]X2 with X = S, Se, Te and Zn8[B12O24]O2.
Synthesis, Structure and Magnetism of Bis[1,2,4‐tris(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentadienyl]europium
Authors: Kuiper Maurits H. , Lueken Heiko 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBis[tris(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentadienyl]europium, Eu{C5H2[Si(CH3)3]3}2 (1), has been synthesized by a modified transmetallation route between Tl{C5H2[Si(CH3)3]3} and europium powder in toluene. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (No. 15) with a = 20.293(5) Å, b = 20.221(5) Å, c = 9.654(2) Å, β = 106.412(5)°, V = 3800.1(15) Å3, Z = 4. The unit cell contains monomeric molecules that adopt a bent metallocene conformation with two partially staggered Cp‴ ligands. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 2–300 K display ideal Curie paramagnetic behaviour of the 4f7 system with Curie constant C = 9.6 × 10−5 m3 K mol−1 corresponding to temperature independent μeff = 7.8.
Synthese, Kristallstruktur und Eigenschaften von Vanadium(II)‐tetrachloroaluminat
Authors: Keßler Ulrich , Müller Rainhard 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSynthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of Vanadium(II) TetrachloroaluminateThe reaction of vanadium dichloride and aluminium trichloride yields vanadium(II) tetrachloroaluminate. Amber cuboid crystals can be obtained by slow cooling of the melt. V(AlCl4)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group I2/c (a = 1284.6(3), b = 776.3(2), c = 1163.5(2) pm, β = 92.376(10)°) and is therefore isotypic to Co(AlCl4)2. The structure contains chains build of VCl6 octahedra and AlCl4 tetrahedra sharing corners and edges with each other. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility follows Curie‐Weiss behaviour (μ = 3.88(2) μB, Θ = −9(1) K) complying with the spin‐only paramagnetism expected of d3 ions.
Mixed Ligand Complexes of Cobalt(II) – Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Co4(thd)4(OEt)4
Authors: Ahmed M. A. K. , Fjellvåg H. , Kjekshus A. , Dietzel P. D. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSynthesis, crystal structure, thermal stability, and magnetic properties of mixed‐ligand complexes of cobalt(II) with ß‐diketonato (thd = C11H19O2−) and alkoxides (OR mainly OMe = methoxide = CH3O− or OEt = ethoxide = C2H5O−) are reported. Direct reaction between Co(thd)2 (1) and EtOH gives a new complex with the structural formula [Co4(thd)4(OEt)4] (2) whereas MeOH correspondingly reacts to [Co4(thd)4(OMe)4(MeOH)4] (3). The yield of these products decreases with increasing size of the R group owing to increased solubility of 1 in the alcohol. The structure of 2 is determined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. At 100 K 2 takes a monoclinic structure (space group C2/c): a = 15.108(2), b = 19.428(2), c = 21.240(3) Å, and β = 108.882(2)°. At 295 K 2 has transformed to a closely related orthorhombic structure (space group Fddd): a = 15.233(3), b = 19.712(3), c = 40.916(7) Å. Protracted hydrolysis accompanied by oxygenation of complexes 2 and 3 in laboratory air (viz. simultaneous exposure to moisture and oxygen) leads to a new complex 4 with empirical formula corresponding to [Co(thd)(OH)(O2)]. Magnetic susceptibility data show that Co takes the valence state II in all complexes 1–4. For 4 this implies that dioxygen has to form an adduct‐like association to the rest of the complex. Unfortunately complex 4 has hitherto only been obtained in the amorphous state, but all here produced evidences point at 4 as a distinct entity and that products of 4 obtained from 2 and 3 are chemically identical (but differ somewhat with regard to short‐ and longer‐range order in the atomic arrangement). The interatomic distances in the crystal structure of complexes 1–3 are briefly discussed in terms of the bond‐valence concept.
Effects of antituberculosis treatment on self assessment, perceptual analysis and acoustic analysis of voice quality in laryngeal tuberculosis patients
Authors: Yelken K , Guven M , Topak M , Gultekin E , Turan F 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the effects of antituberculosis treatment on the voice quality of laryngeal tuberculosis patients, measured by patient self-assessment, perceptual analysis and acoustic analysis.Materials and methods:A total of 14 laryngeal tuberculosis patients were enrolled. Laryngeal tuberculosis was established either by biopsy and histopathological examination or by rapid regression of the laryngeal lesions after antituberculosis medication. Before and after treatment, all patients were evaluated perceptually (on a scale of zero to three), and 12 assessed their own voices using the voice handicap index-10 scale. Acoustic analysis was performed to allow objective evaluation.Results:Patients' ages ranged from 21 to 72 years (mean, 41). The male to female ratio was 12:2. Eight patients (57 per cent) had tuberculous involvement of the epiglottis, four (28 per cent) had involvement of the aryepiglottic fold and eight (57 per cent) had involvement of the false vocal folds. The glottis was the less commonly involved part of the larynx, including true vocal folds (28 per cent, n = 4) and posterior commissure (14 per cent, n = 2). Perceptual evaluation, on a scale of zero to three, gave the patients a median score of six; after commencement of treatment, the median score decreased to two. The mean voice handicap index-10 score decreased from 24 to 12 after treatment. An obvious improvement in acoustic analytical parameters was also found following treatment.Conclusions:Antituberculosis treatment clearly improved the voice outcomes of laryngeal tuberculosis patients, according to self-assessment, perceptual analysis and acoustic analysis.
Expiratory nasal sound analysis as a new method for evaluation of nasal obstruction in patients with nasal septal deviation: comparison of expiratory nasal sounds from both deviated and normal nasal cavity
Authors: Tahamiler R , Canakcioglu S , Yilmaz S , Dirican A 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground:The reliability of nasal obstruction measurements could be improved, and several new techniques are being developed. Our objective was to investigate the use of a new software program, Odiosoft-Rhino, in the assessment of nasal obstruction via analysis of the sounds of nasal expiration.Methods:We compared the nasal symptom scores and Odiosoft-Rhino and acoustic rhinometry test results for 61 patients with known nasal septal deviation.Results:We found a significant difference, and a correlation, between Odiosoft-Rhino results at 2000–4000 Hz and 4000–6000 Hz intervals, and the minimal cross-sectional area 2.2 cm from the nostril, in the right nasal cavity in patients with right-sided deviations. Similar results were observed for the left nasal cavity in patients with left-sided deviations.Conclusions:The Odiosoft-Rhino software test is noninvasive, requires minimal cooperation and experience, and provides results that can be saved as digital data. Additionally, data from the Odiosoft-Rhino test are strongly correlated with acoustic rhinometry results and visual analogue scores of nasal obstruction. It seems that sound intensity within the 2000–4000 Hz and 4000–6000 Hz intervals is more sensitive than other sound intensity intervals. Thus, we speculate that Odiosoft-Rhino testing could be used as a new diagnostic method in order to evaluate nasal airflow in clinical practice.
The importance of the PrP genotype in active surveillance for ovine scrapie
Authors: TONGUE S. C. , WILESMITH J. W. , NASH J. , KOSSAIBATI M. , RYAN J. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYSurveillance activities for ovine scrapie have expanded in the 21st century, following concerns about the potential for a hidden epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in European sheep populations. Large-scale surveys have been used to estimate the prevalence of scrapie infection. In this study we analyse data from the surveys in Great Britain between 2002 and 2004. When we estimate genotype-specific prevalences for each of the two screening tests used a difference is observed. One test underestimates the number of positive cases in genotypes classically considered to be at a low relative risk of developing clinical disease (ARR- and AHQ-containing genotypes). By comparison, the other test underestimates the number of positive cases in genotypes classically considered to be at an increased relative risk of developing clinical disease (VRQ-containing genotypes). These findings have implications for surveillance, disease control, and diagnostic test evaluation.
Mechanisms of U46619‐ and 5‐HT‐induced contraction of bovine pulmonary arteries: role of chloride ions
Authors: Alapati V R , McKenzie C , Blair A , Kenny D , MacDonald A , Shaw A M 
Published: June 2007

Background and purpose:Thromboxane A2and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) are implicated in pulmonary hypertension. The involvement of chloride, voltage‐operated calcium channels (VOCCs), store‐operated calcium channels (SOCCs) and the Rho kinase in the contractile response of bovine pulmonary arteries (BPA) to the thromboxane A2mimetic U46619 and 5‐HT was investigated.Experimental approach:Endothelium‐intact ring segments of BPA were mounted in Krebs/Henseleit buffer (37°C) under a tension of 2g and gassed with 95%O2/5%CO2.Key results:Depletion or removal of extracellular chloride, inhibition of chloride and SOCC, Na:K:2Cl, Cl/HCO3, Rho kinase inhibited contractions to U46619. Combining Rho kinase inhibition and chloride channel blockade (with NPPB) almost abolished the contractions to U46619. In contrast 5‐HT‐induced contraction was inhibited by verapamil and mibefradil. Depletion of stored calcium with caffeine almost abolished the response to U46619 but not 5‐HT. The contraction by the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase inhibitor CPA was abolished by SOCC and chloride channel blockade (with NPPB) and by chloride depletion.Conclusions and implications:This study suggests that the contractile response of BPA to U46619 involves Rho kinase together with a chloride‐sensitive mechanism, which does not involve VOCC but may have a role in calcium release and calcium entry via SOCC. In contrast contraction of the BPA by 5‐HT appears to involve verapamil‐ and mibefradil‐sensitive VOCC. This study may indicate that the use of calcium channel blockers in the management of pulmonary hypertension may not always be effective and that Rho kinase and chloride channels may be targets for the development of new therapies.British Journal of Pharmacology(2007)151, 1224–1234; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707338