bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro-milling cutting conditions influence on part geometrical accuracy, surface quality and tool wear in Ti-Grade-5 alloy
Authors: R Rajamani , S P Leo Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work focuses on analyzing the consequences of micro-milling process variables on part geometrical accuracy, area surface finish (Sa) and tool wear. Ti-Grade-5 (Ti-6Al-4V) was selected as the work material due to its established applications in biomedical micro parts and its potential for performance improvement. A tungsten carbide flat end two flute micro-milling cutter with a diameter of 500 μm was chosen as the cutting tool. A feed rate (fz) range of 0.2–0.3 μm tooth−1 was selected for the work material, taking into account the size effect. Other variables included a depth of cut (ac) ranging from 75 to 150 μm and cutting speed (vc) ranging from 23.55 to 70.65 m min−1. Taguchi L9 Orthogonal array-based micro-milling experiments were conducted using a unique micro-cutting tool. The response variables measured included tool wear, geometrical accuracy, and Sa values.The results indicate that operating at lower ranges of vc (23.55 m min−1), fz (0.2 μm tooth−1), and ac (75 μm) yields a geometrical accuracy of 33.334 μm, an Sa value of 0.185 μm, and minimal tool wear of 11 μm. It was observed that under these lower operating conditions, there is an increased time interval for material removal and reduced contact between the workpiece and the tool. In conclusion, optimizing cutting conditions based on the size effect will enhance part geometrical accuracy, surface finish, and tool performance during the micro-part generation process in Ti Grade-5 alloy.
Characterization, cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of two Hydroxyapatite products from Lates calcarifer fish bones via thermal calcination
Authors: Le Ho Khanh Hy , Dao Viet Ha , Pham Xuan Ky , Nguyen Phuong Anh , Phan Bao Vy , Doan Thi Thiet , Tran Xuan Vinh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the sustainable extraction of nano-Hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) from Lates calcarifer fish bones, a by-product of the seafood industry, through thermal calcination. Nano-HAp was synthesized at two temperatures (650 °C and 700 °C), resulting in rod-like (42 nm) and spherical (98 nm) particles, respectively. Both samples were identified as B-carbonated HAp, with Ca/P molar ratios of 1.842 for HAp 650-4 h and 1.856 for HAp 700-4 h, confirming the presence of B-type HAp, which has higher Ca/P ratios than the standard HAp found in bones and teeth (1.67). Cytotoxicity tests showed that both samples exceeded the ISO 10993-5:2009 standard, with L929 cell viability above 70% at concentrations up to 2 mg mL−1. Notably, the study emphasizes that the size and morphology of nano-HAp play a critical role in its biological activity. Larger spherical particles (HAp 700-4 h) enhanced the proliferation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) more effectively than smaller rod-like particles (HAp 650-4 h), suggesting their greater potential for tissue engineering and bone regeneration applications. This work demonstrates the promising biocompatibility of fish bone-derived nano-HAp and its potential for sustainable biomedical applications.
Symmetry/asymmetry within a cylindrical lattice model of nuclear structure predicts cosmic abundance/scarcity
Authors: Walsh Ray 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Protons and neutrons are the smallest forms of matter with measurable size, and each nucleon has a mix of three up (+2/3) and down (−1/3) quarks. Quarks are treated as point-like particles within polygon-based geometries in order to model the structures of stable nuclides through 36Ar. The model derives ab initio from the proton’s radius (r = 0.8414 fm), the hadron’s prolate spheroid shape (from the transition to the nucleon’s first excited state (the ∆(1232) resonance), and the separation distance between bound nucleons (≈0.8 fm, from the Argonne v18 NN potential). The spatial extent of the prolate spheroid nucleon is assumed to arise from its three quarks, which implies a qualitatively linear quark sequence. Spin–spin forces repel the two like-flavored quarks to opposite ends of the prolate nucleon leaving the unlike quark in the middle. It then follows that the quark-to-quark distance within the nucleon corresponds to the nucleon’s radius. Nucleons link by quark-to-quark interactions to form proton-neutron short-range correlated pairs (pn SRCs), separated by a distance assumed equivalent to the proton’s radius. Alternating nucleons thus produce regularly alternating up/down point-like quark sequences. We contemplate various structures for each stable nuclide through

Ar

18

36

and include the one whose calculated rotational radius (derived from the radius formula of a regular polygon) best correlates with its IAEA-accepted charge radius (r(31) = .98, p<.001). Nucleon alternation inherently makes pn SRC pairs, and produces the observed equal numbers of protons and neutrons (Z = N) found within isotopes

He
,

2

4

C
,

6

12

N
,

7

14

O
,

8

16

Ne
,

10

20

Mg
,

12

24

Si
,

14

28

and

S

16

32

, which together comprise 99.5% of nonhydrogen baryonic matter. Bilateral structural symmetry emerges as a sensitive and specific predictor of cosmic abundance. Opposing deuteron-deuteron’ alternating quark charge sequences produce alternating and unequal electromagnetic fields shown capable of modelling the close-range attraction and far-range repulsion of the fusion potential curve and Coulomb potential energy barrier.
Evapotranspiration, land cover, and climatic factors in southeastern Mexico and Central America
Authors: Mendoza-Aguilar Brenda Yutziny , Carbajal Noel , Pineda-Martínez Luis Felipe , León-Cruz José Francisco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Evapotranspiration is a vital component of the hydrological cycle, returning approximately 65% of precipitated water to the atmosphere, influenced by soil characteristics and vegetation cover. Understanding its spatial and temporal distribution is essential for grasping climatic phenomena, cloud formation, and the impacts of various land uses. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of evapotranspiration (ET) and its relationships with precipitation (P), temperature (T), and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in southeastern Mexico and northern Central America over 20 years (2002–2021). Satellite data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor were used to analyze ET and EVI, complemented by gridded climate data for P and T. The study considered subregions characterized by distinct vegetation types, including tropical evergreen forests, tropical dry forests, pine-oak forests, and grasslands. The results indicate that the T trend is a significant driver of increasing ET in the region. Although the P variation did not show a significant trend, decreases in precipitation were negatively correlated with both EVI and ET. A subregional analysis revealed that tropical evergreen forests exhibited the highest ET values, peaking in February and July. Mixed oak-pine forests reached their maximum ET from May to September, while tropical dry forests showed clear seasonality, with peaks from June to September and minima from December to April. This seasonality is closely linked to the annual plant growth cycle and interannual and seasonal precipitation patterns. These results highlight the complex interactions between climatic factors and evapotranspiration across different vegetation types.
Microrheology of the cumulus-oocyte matrix using optical tweezers
Authors: Campugan C A , Perrella C , Lim M , Tan T C Y , Schartner E P , Arita Y , Bruce G D , Mendonca T , Wright A J , Dholakia K , Dunning K R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Optical tweezers have emerged as a powerful, versatile approach for a range of studies in cellular and molecular biology. A particular highlight has been its use for microrheology measurements in miniscule sample volumes. In this study, we demonstrate the application of optical tweezers to investigate the viscosity of the extracellular matrix surrounding mammalian oocytes and determine whether this is associated with oocyte developmental potential. By analysing the motion of a trapped particle, we can quantify the mechanical properties of this matrix, thus overcoming limitations of traditional passive microrheology techniques that rely on free diffusion. We utilise two maturation methods—in vivo and in vitro—to generate oocytes with differing developmental potential. Our findings indicate that oocytes matured in vivo exhibit higher viability post-fertilisation compared to their in vitro counterparts and we establish a positive correlation between extracellular matrix viscosity and oocyte developmental potential. This work demonstrates that optical tweezers are a novel, non-invasive tool for assessing oocyte quality, contributing to valuable insights to the field of reproductive biology.
Autoencoder-assisted study of directed percolation with spatial long-range interactions
Authors: Wang Yanyang , Yang Yuxiang , Li Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Determining the universality class of reaction–diffusion processes with long-range interactions in non-equilibrium phase transitions is both challenging and intriguing. Identifying critical points is fundamental for studying the phase transition characteristics of these universality classes. Unlike Monte Carlo simulations of statistical system observables, machine learning methods can extract evolutionary information from clusters of such systems, enabling a faster approach to phase transition regions. We developed a method that uses the one-dimensional encoding output of a stacked autoencoder (SAE) to determine the critical point in systems undergoing (1+1)-dimensional directed percolation with spatial long-range interactions. We validate this method by examining the power-law behavior of particle density at the critical point, which strongly supports our approach. As the system adheres to the scaling relation

t
f

∼

L

z

at the critical point, we conducted extensive simulations at this critical probability to determine the dynamic exponent z. In addition, the SAE is also capable of identifying the characteristic time of critical states. Finally, we tested two other heavy-tailed distributions that generate random step lengths: the Lévy distribution and the Cauchy distribution, which introduce different global spreading mechanisms. This method remains effective for determining the critical points in these systems. Our findings highlight the promising applications of SAE techniques for processes involving long-range interactions.
A general protocol for phosphorescent platinum(II) complexes: generation, high throughput virtual screening and highly accurate predictions
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yam ChiYung , Hu LiHong , Hung Faan-Fung , Chen Shuguang , Che Chi-Ming , Chen GuanHua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The utilization of phosphorescent metal complexes as emissive dopants for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been the subject of intense research. Cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes are particularly popular triplet emitters due to their color-tunable emissions. To make them viable for practical applications as OLED emitters, it is essential to develop Pt(II) complexes with high radiative decay rate constants (k
r) and photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY). To this end, an efficient and accurate prediction tool is highly desirable. In this work, we propose a general yet powerful protocol achieving complex generation, high throughput virtual screening (HTVS), and fast predictions with high accuracy. More than 3600 potential structures are generated in a synthesis-friendly manner. Moreover, three HTVS-machine learning (ML) models are established using different algorithms with carefully designed features that are suitable for metal complexes. Specifically, 30 potential candidates are filtered out by HTVS-ML models with a three-tier screening rule and put into accurate predictions with experimental calibration Δ-learning method. The highly accurate prediction approach further reduces the stress of experiments and inspires greater confidence in identifying the most promising complexes as excellent emitters. As a result, 12 promising complexes (k
r >105 s-1 and PLQY >0.6) with the same superior core structures are confirmed from over 3600 Pt-complexes. Experiments revealed that two very close complexes have excellent emission properties and are consistent with the prediction results, providing strong evidence for the efficacy of the proposed protocol. We expect this protocol will become a valuable tool, expediting the rational design and rapid development of novel OLED materials with desired properties.&#xD;
Introduction
Authors: Holroyd Jules 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter motivates focusing our attention on our social practices of expressing praise, and on oppressive praise in particular; it sets out the key methodological commitments; and provides an overview of the chapters to come. Praise is often not given scrutiny in its own right. But in fact, there are many ways in which it might go wrong. In particular, it may be oppressive. Three key methodological commitments are set out: to examine praise on its own terms; to a non-idealizing methodology; and to offer ameliorative prescriptions for how our practices of praising might be improved. By way of preliminaries, the chapter distinguishes paradigm cases of praise from instances of gratitude, admiration, and appreciation.
Challenges for Practice-Dependent Theories of Moral Responsibility
Authors: Holroyd Jules 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Practice-dependent approaches to moral responsibility appeal to our practices of moral responsibility in order to identify and justify the conditions for holding each other responsible. As we have seen in Chapter 1, our practices are shaped by oppressive norms. This chapter introduces further examples of oppressive praise, showing how attributions of praise can be shaped by ableist norms, anti-fat norms, and norms of toxic positivity. The chapter argues that such cases pose methodological and justificatory challenges for practice-dependent approaches of the various kinds outlined by Victoria McGeer. In considering what resources these approaches might have to confront these challenges, it formulates some supplementary norms for theorizing about our practices of moral responsibility and for structuring those practices themselves. The chapter shows how these proposals contrast with two recent approaches, from David Shoemaker and Mich Ciurria.
Haydn’s Missing Link
Authors: Reece Frederick 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4, “Haydn’s Missing Link,” considers modern cultures of compositional forgery in a still more recent historical context. On the morning of 14 December, 1993, musicologist H. C. Robbins Landon stood before a crowded London press conference and announced that six lost Haydn keyboard sonatas (Hob. XVI:2a–e and 2g) had been rediscovered after more than 200 years. In this case, the works subsequently revealed as forgeries were compelling not only because they were based on four-measure phrases recorded in Haydn’s Entwurfkatalog that correspond to lost works but also because the incipits dated from the crucial yet ill-documented 1767–70 period, long considered a stylistic “missing link” in the composer's development. This chapter explores how the forged sonatas functioned against the disciplinary and cultural background of the 1990s. Musical analyses are ultimately complemented by original correspondence with the forger, Winfried Michel, who—as if echoing Glenn Gould’s provocative mid-century hypotheses about forgery—declares that our “obsession with ‘authenticity’ and ‘famous names’ is symptomatic of modern art reception” in which “what people choose to call academia hinders our appreciation of a work of art.”
The Halted March of the European Left
Authors: Myers Matt 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The European left seemed to be in rude health during the 1970s. Never had so many political parties committed to representing the working class been in power simultaneously across the continent. New forms of mobilisation led by female, immigrant, and young wage-earners seemed to reflect the growing strength of the workers’ movement rather than its pending obsolescence. Parties and trade unions grew rapidly as a diverse new generation entered the ranks. Why did the left’s forward march halt so abruptly? This book shows how the left’s defeats after the mid-1970s were not the inevitable result of deindustrialisation or, more precisely, the transition to a globalised and post-Fordist world that abolished the working class as a great historical actor. Choices that were made during a concentrated but decisive historical moment contributed to the left’s lost battles. The British, French, and Italian left managed the shift to a new era by marginalising those groups of workers who had invested it with hopes of social and political transformation. The left encountered a crisis of purpose and identity, a sense of both defeat and lost opportunities, and the dissolution of the idea of a community of fate amongst workers. This book provides a comparative analysis of the left’s fragmenting relationship with the working class and a “feel” for the culture of three leading industrial countries during a traumatic transition of late twentieth-century history. It concludes that decisions taken by the left during the 1970s contributed to the tragic inversion of the expected outcome of that hopeful decade.
Intellectual Dissidence and the Privatisation of Politics
Authors: Myers Matt 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter shows that party strategists actively reconceived who the left should represent at the same time as changes to the working class were substantially altering the terms of engagement between its members and its supporters. Dissent amongst party intellectuals was one of the first indications that existing ideological models had reached an impasse. Responding to challenges from within their own parties, social democratic and Communist leaderships revaluated the class reference of their organisations. The introduction of professionalised political marketing, communication techniques, opinion-polling studies, and image-driven politics by the French Communist Party, Italian Communist Party, and British Labour Party was used from the late 1970s to justify changes of political direction. One of the consequences of this process was that an increasingly individual and contractual model of political engagement came to dominate over a mass and institutional one. The working class which emerged was defined more by individualised opinions, marketed values, and cultural attitudes, than as the collective agent which had defined the 1970s.
Social Movements and Generational Change
Authors: Myers Matt 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter outlines how during the 1970s the major European workers’ parties expanded their core male, white, industrial base to new sectors of the working class without fundamentally abandoning their former class reference. It shows how a dynamic relationship of mutual attraction and antagonism existed between the left and movements of marginalised workers. The left and these sectors did not move on fundamentally separate tracks during the 1970s. The anti-racist, youth, and feminist movements discussed in this chapter found their motor force in the most dynamic sectors of Europe’s new working class and were conscious of themselves as such. Immigrants, young people, and women within and outside the labour movement provoked activists and intellectuals to question the left’s purpose. Only after a series of conflicts did the influence of a class-based political culture begin to recede. The chapter concludes that left’s inability to mobilise its former constituency in elections, strikes, and demonstrations coincided with the perception that major generational, gendered, and racialised fissures had opened within the working class and that a crisis of hope and expectation now separated two epochs.
A multi-modal fusion model with enhanced feature representation for chronic kidney disease progression prediction
Authors: Qiao Yixuan , Zhou Hong , Liu Yang , Chen Ruixuan , Zhang Xiaodong , Nie Sheng , Hou Fan Fan , Zhao Yi , Xu Xin , Zhao Lianhe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based multi-modal fusion algorithms are pivotal in emulating clinical practice by integrating data from diverse sources. However, most of the existing multi-modal models focus on designing new modal fusion methods, ignoring critical role of feature representation. Enhancing feature representativeness can address the noise caused by modal heterogeneity at the source, enabling high performance even with small datasets and simple architectures. Here, we introduce DeepOmix-FLEX (Fusion with Learning Enhanced feature representation for X-modal or FLEX in short), a multi-modal fusion model that integrates clinical data, proteomic data, metabolomic data, and pathology images across different scales and modalities, with a focus on advanced feature learning and representation. FLEX contains a Feature Encoding Trainer structure that can train feature encoding, thus achieving fusion of inter-feature and inter-modal. FLEX achieves a mean AUC of 0.887 for prediction of chronic kidney disease progression on an internal dataset, exceeding the mean AUC of 0.727 using conventional clinical variables. Following external validation and interpretability analyses, our model demonstrated favorable generalizability and validity, as well as the ability to exploit markers. In summary, FLEX highlights the potential of AI algorithms to integrate multi-modal data and optimize the allocation of healthcare resources through accurate prediction.
Risk stratification with the Haemodynamic Gain Index and peak rate-pressure product in patients with chronic heart failure undergoing treadmill exercise testing
Authors: Chaikijurajai Thanat , Finet Jose Emanuel , Wu Yuping , Harb Serge C , Grodin Justin L , Jaber Wael A , Tang Wai Hong Wilson 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
We recently demonstrated the combined prognostic value of the following two simple non-invasive parameters obtained from treadmill exercise testing in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction: the Haemodynamic Gain Index (HGI) and peak rate-pressure product (RPP). However, their prognostic value is yet to be validated in patients with undifferentiated HF syndrome.

Methods and results
We identified consecutive HF patients undergoing treadmill exercise testing for symptom evaluation between January 1991 and February 2015. The HGI was calculated from [(SBPpeak × heart ratepeak) – (SBPrest × heart raterest)]/(SBPrest × heart raterest), and the peak RPP was calculated from SBPpeak × heart ratepeak. Hazard ratios per standard deviation increase of the HGI and peak RPP for all-cause mortality were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models with adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and exercise-testing parameters (Chronotropic Reserve Index, estimated metabolic equivalents, abnormal heart rate recovery, and total exercise time). In our cohort of 5940 patients with symptomatic HF diagnosis with a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 2222 (37.4%) patients died. Higher values of both HGI and peak RPP were associated with a lower risk of mortality [adjusted hazard ratio per standard deviation increase 0.80 (0.73–0.88) and 0.85 (0.78–0.91), respectively, all P &lt; 0.001]. Optimal cut-off values for HGI and peak RPP for discriminating all-cause mortality were 1.06 and 180 966, respectively.

Conclusion
Both HGI and peak RPP are predictors of mortality in patients with chronic HF and may be tools to signal the need for advanced HF therapy evaluation.