bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prey availability and diet of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in low‐productivity rivers in northern Europe
Authors: Lai Sum Yi , Pálsson Arnar , Guðbergsson Guðni , Jónsson Ingi Rúnar , Ólafsson Jón S. , Bárðarson Hlynur 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe availability of resources varies across a species distributional range, and a low‐productivity area can make a species more vulnerable. We investigated the invertebrate composition and prey choice of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in low‐productivity rivers in northeast Iceland, which is one of the species’ most northerly distributions. By sampling benthic and drift invertebrate populations, we found that prey availability was similar within and between rivers. Gut content samples showed that the main prey choice for juvenile S. salar was the Chironomidae. The type of food items consumed varied across different weight groups of S. salar, with smaller juveniles having more diverse diet. S. salar did not have a selection preference for chironomids, which indicates that they were eating the highly available prey in their environment, rather than hunting high biomass items such as terrestrial invertebrates and large Dipterans. Estimates of dietary niche showed that S. salar in these low‐productivity rivers relied on consuming what was most readily available, the chironomids, and that they must share resources with other salmonid species. This may be due to the low diversity of freshwater invertebrates (fewer prey options), whereas S. salar in nutrient‐rich rivers could rely more on terrestrial invertebrates as an additional subsidy in their diet. In conclusion, with limited prey choices, juvenile S. salar in nutrient‐poor rivers, especially in a biogeographically isolated region with low species diversity, may increase in vulnerability and decrease in adaptability to environmental change. Management methods that increase benthic prey abundance and diversity are recommended for conserving the S. salar population in a nutrient‐poor river.
Changes in characteristics of gastroenterology center inpatients in Japan because of rapidly aging society
Authors: Fukunishi Yoshiko , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tada Fujimasa , Fukumoto Mai , Matsuda Takuya , Matsuoka Kana , Nakatani Kosuke , Yanagihara Emi , Saneto Hironobu , Izumoto Hirofumi , Murakami Taisei , Onishi Kei , Kitahata Shogo , Kanemitsu‐Okada Kozue , Kawamura Tomoe , Kuroda Taira , Miyata Hideki , Tsubouchi Eiji , Hanaoka Jun , Watanabe Jota , Ohtani Hiromi , Yoshida Osamu , Hirooka Masashi , Abe Masanori , Matsuura Bunzo , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimRapidly aging societies have become a major issue worldwide including Japan. This study aimed to elucidate relative changes in the characteristics of inpatients in Japan related to this issue.MethodsA total of 23 835 Japanese inpatients treated from 2010 to 2021 were enrolled (2010–2013, period I; 2014–2017, period II; 2018–2021, period III). Changes in clinical features were retrospectively analyzed based on ICD‐10 diagnosis data.ResultsThe percentage of patients aged over 75 years increased over time (period I, 38.0%; II, 39.5%, III, 41.4%). Emergency admissions comprised 27.5% of all in period I, which increased to 43.2% in period II and again to 44.5% in period III (P < 0.001). In period I, gastrointestinal disease, liver disease, pancreatic‐biliary disease, and other disease types were noted in 47.4%, 29.5%, 19.2%, and 3.9%, respectively, while those values were 44.0%, 18.0%, 33.9%, and 4.1%, respectively, in period III (P < 0.001). The frequency of liver disease decreased by approximately 0.6‐fold from periods I to III, while that of biliary‐pancreatic disease increased by approximately 1.8‐fold during that time. Both percentage and actual numbers of patients with biliary‐pancreatic disease increased during the examined periods. Analysis of changes in the proportion of organs affected by malignancy during periods I, II, and III showed a marked increase in cases of biliary‐pancreatic malignancy (11.6%, 19.5%, 26.6%, respectively) (P < 0.001).ConclusionIn association with the rapidly aging Japanese society, there has been an increasing frequency of biliary‐pancreatic disease cases requiring hospitalization for treatment in the west Japan region of Shikoku.
Colombian utopia and anti‐utopia: Remembering and reconsidering the FARC's Zona de Despeje, 1998–2002
Authors: Burgos Félix Manuel , Field Les W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUtopian futurism is not often discussed as a motivating factor behind social science research, and in this article Colombian linguist Felix Manuel Burgos and US anthropologist Les W. Field take up that motivation in re‐assessing one period in the history of Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC). Founded in 1964 and impelled by events that exploded in 1948, FARC's history offers a window into a movement marked by a deeply dystopian trauma at its very start. In this article, with their utopian imaginations to one side, Burgos and Field dialogically consider the period of the Zona de Despeje (the demilitarized zone FARC dominated from 1998 to 2002), animated by the memory narratives of Félix Manuel Burgos who lived in that zone as a primary school‐teacher during those years. Through their dialogue, they consider the idea of “anti‐utopia” as potentially descriptive of the ZDD, specifically, as well as the FARC's overall historical character.
The influence of social media on public attitudes and behaviors towards cosmetic dermatologic procedures and skin care practices: A study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almudimeegh Almuntsrbellah , Almukhadeb Eman , Nagshabandi Khalid Nabil , Aldosari Omar , Aldakhil Ibrahim , Aldosari Zyad , Alhuqbani Mohammed , Alkhani Khalid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSocial media has fostered a landscape where trends, ideals, and beauty standards have significantly proliferated. Images of flawless skin, sculpted features, and curated aesthetics inundate user feeds, potentially shaping their self‐perceptions and aspirations. The rise of influencers, dermatologist social media engagement, and beauty campaigns sharing skincare routines and product recommendations wield substantial influence over individual appearance‐related decisions.AimsThe main aim of this study is to determine the pattern of behavior in using social media to seek dermatological procedures and skin care routine.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide, online cross‐sectional study targeting the general Saudi population. Our survey aimed to understand participant social media behaviors and gather insights into skincare products, cosmetic procedures, and makeup habits.ResultsGender‐related differences emerged in seeking skincare advice. Females preferred dermatologists on social media (p < 0.001) and beauty influencers (p < 0.001), whereas men leaned towards pharmacists (p < 0.001). Women displayed stronger engagement with dermatologist social media reputation regarding non‐cosmetic concerns (p < 0.001), education (p < 0.001), and social media impact on cosmetic decisions (p = 0.001). They frequently sought dermatologists on social media before appointments (p = 0.001), whereas men emphasized dermatologists' fame (p = 0.024). Common cosmetic barriers included high costs (62.5%), complications (40.3%), and trust issues (40.2%). Women underwent various cosmetic procedures (p < 0.05), influenced by social media in their decisions and skincare routines.ConclusionsOur study reveals significant gender‐based disparities in seeking skincare advice. Women rely on social media, clinics, friends, and beauty influencers, whereas men prefer pharmacists. Additionally, women depend on dermatologists' social media reputation and conduct thorough pre‐appointment research. Their heightened social media engagement links to skincare practices and influences cosmetic procedure considerations based on age and usage frequency.
Successful laparoscopic resection of retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava: A case report
Authors: Mizutani Akane , Nagashima Minoru , Ohira Yasuyuki , Mimura Takashi , Onuki Mamiko , Matsuoka Ryu , Sekizawa Akihiko , Matsumoto Koji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRetroperitoneal ectopic pregnancies are extremely rare; only a few cases having been reported. Here, we report laparoscopic removal of an asymptomatic retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy from a 29‐year‐old woman who was referred to our hospital for a suspected ectopic pregnancy. Transvaginal ultrasound did not reveal a gestational sac in the uterus or pelvic cavity. However, abdominal contrast‐enhanced computer tomography showed a gestational sac between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. On laparoscopy, the gestational sac was confirmed to be in this retroperitoneal location and successfully removed with minimal bleeding. Histopathologic examination revealed chorionic villi surrounded by lymphatic tissue, suggesting lymphatic spread of the retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy. In summary, contrast‐enhanced computer tomography is very useful for locating the site of pregnancy in women suspected of having a retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy. Timely diagnosis of a retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy before bleeding occurs can enable their safe laparoscopic removal.
Catastrophe risk in a stochastic multi‐population mortality model
Authors: Robben Jens , Antonio Katrien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper incorporates mortality shocks in the scenarios for future mortality rates produced by a stochastic multi‐population mortality model. Hereto, the proposed model combines a decreasing stochastic mortality trend with a mechanism that switches between regimes of low and high volatility. During the high volatility regimes, mortality shocks occur that last from one to several years and temporarily impact the mortality rates before returning to the overall mortality trend. Furthermore, we account for the age‐specific impact of these mortality shocks on mortality rates. Actuaries and risk managers can tailor this scenario generator to their specific needs, risk management objectives, or supervisory requirements. The generated scenarios allow (re)insurers, policymakers, or actuaries to evaluate the effects of different catastrophe risk scenarios on, for example, the calculation of solvency capital requirements.
Past School Discipline Experiences: Perspectives of Disabled Adults
Authors: Fraley Hannah E. , Capp Gordon 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool discipline has potential life‐long consequences for students. Disabled youth can be misunderstood and experience harsh discipline and are at increased risk for negative outcomes, yet little research includes their voices. The aim of this study was to explore past school discipline experiences among disabled adults.METHODSDisabled adult perspectives (N = 9) regarding past school discipline experiences were explored employing qualitative descriptive methodology framed by the Peace and Power Conceptual Model. Peace‐Power versus Power‐Over‐Powers involve actions/behaviors reflecting critical emancipation or oppression of those in power.RESULTSEight peace‐power versus power‐over themes emerged: “humiliating,” “threatening,” “escaping,” “observing,” “avoiding,” “diverging,” “isolating,” and “failing.”IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITYDisabled students can experience oppressive power‐over dynamics separating them from others because they are unable to meet rigid classroom expectations. Educators may lack awareness of structural biases shaping reactions warranting need for school policies and practices promoting restorative justice, social‐emotional learning, and inclusion.CONCLUSIONSClassroom discipline can represent emancipatory peace‐power or oppressive power‐over powers. Not all teacher interactions represent 1 power or the other. Future research should focus on including disabled student voices informing school discipline practices. Educators' perspectives of their role fostering inclusive classrooms should also be considered.
Revisiting the relevance of Hirano bodies in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Yoshida Koji , Forrest Shelley L. , Ichimata Shojiro , Tanaka Hidetomo , Kon Tomoya , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Tator Charles H. , Lang Anthony E. , Nishida Naoki , Kovacs Gabor G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsHirano bodies (HBs) are eosinophilic pathological structures with two morphological phenotypes commonly found in the hippocampal CA1 region in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study evaluated the prevalence and distribution of HBs in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study systematically evaluated HBs in a cohort of 193 cases with major neurodegenerative diseases, including AD (n = 91), Lewy body disease (LBD, n = 87), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, n = 36), multiple system atrophy (MSA, n = 14) and controls (n = 26). The prevalence, number and morphology of HBs in the stratum lacunosum (HBL) and CA1 pyramidal cell layer were examined. In addition, we investigated the presence of HBs in five additional hippocampal subregions.ResultsThe morphological types of HBs in CA1 were divided into three, including a newly discovered type, and were evaluated separately, with their morphology confirmed in three dimensions: (1) classic rod‐shaped HB (CHB), (2) balloon‐shaped HB (BHB) and the newly described (3) string‐shaped HB (SHB). The prevalence of each HB type differed between disease groups: Compared with controls, for CHB in AD, AD + LBD, PSP and corticobasal degeneration, for BHB in AD + LBD and PSP, and SHB in AD + LBD and PSP were significantly increased. Regression analysis showed that CHBs were independently associated with higher Braak NFT stage, BHBs with LBD and TDP‐43 pathology, SHBs with higher Braak NFT stage, PSP and argyrophilic grain disease and HBLs with MSA.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that HBs are associated with diverse neurodegenerative diseases and shows that morphological types appear distinctively in various conditions.
Application of dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy in vivo in the evaluation of nevi in children
Authors: Pogorzelska‐Antkowiak Anna , Gonzalez Salvador 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMelanocytic nevi are frequently observed in the pediatric population. While newly acquired nevi can appear during childhood, congenital nevi can continue to grow and clinically change, making patient caregivers concerned. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in vivo is a noninvasive tool that might enhance the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy, reducing the rate of unnecessary surgical procedures. This study aimed to assess the utility of RCM in increasing the diagnostic accuracy of pediatric melanocytic nevi that show pigmentation changes or grow rapidly.MethodsPediatric patients who presented between January 2022 and February 2023 in a single institution with rapidly growing melanocytic nevi or nevi that presented changes in the pigmentation were included in the study. All nevi were evaluated by means of dermoscopy and RCM.ResultsForty‐two patients with a total of 42 melanocytic nevi were included. Most lesions showed a honeycombed pattern (n = 21, 50%). On RCM, only 3 of 42 nevi presented atypical cells within the epidermis (7.1%). Evaluation of the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) revealed the predominance of the meshwork pattern (n = 22, 52.4%). Notably, features considered significant for atypical melanocytic nevi included 9 nevi with scant atypical melanocytes (21.4%) and 3 nevi with nonedge papillae (7.1%). None of the studied lesions required biopsy among this cohort.ConclusionsMost rapidly growing and clinically changing nevi rarely exhibit single atypical cells in the DEJ. The RCM served as a valuable adjunct to dermoscopy, allowing reassurance in the evaluation of these lesions.
Effect of hydrogen‐rich saline on melanopsin after acute blue light‐induced retinal damage in rats
Authors: Wang Xiao , Sun Yifan , Luan Changlin , Yang Shiqiao , Wang Kailei , Zhang Xiaoran , Hao Rui , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExcessive exposure to blue light can cause retinal damage. Hydrogen‐rich saline (HRS), one of the hydrogen therapies, has been demonstrated to be effective in eye photodamage, but the effect on the expression of melanopsin in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) is unknown. In this study, we used a rat model of light‐induced retinal injury to observe the expression of melanopsin after HRS treatment and to determine the effect of HRS on retinal ganglion cell protection. Adult SD rats were exposed to blue light (48 h) and treated with HRS for 0, 3, 7, and 14 days. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blotting (WB) were performed to find the expression of genes and proteins, respectively. The function of retinal ipRGCs was measured by pattern‐evoked electroretinography (pERG). The number and morphological changes of melanopsin‐positive ganglion cells in the retina were observed by immunofluorescence (IF). Acute blue light exposure caused a decrease in ipRGC function, decreased expression of melanopsin protein and the melanopsin‐positive RGCs, and diminished immunoreactivity in dendrites. However, over time, melanopsin showed a tendency to self‐recovery, with an increase in melanopsin protein expression and the number of melanopsin‐positive RGCs, with incomplete recovery of function within two weeks. HRS treatment accelerated the recovery process, with a significant increase in melanopsin expression and the number of melanopsin‐positive RGCs, and an improvement in the pERG waveform within two weeks.
Brassica napus BnaA09.MYB52 enhances seed coat mucilage accumulation and tolerance to osmotic stress during seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ma J. , He T. , Yu R. , Zhao Y. , Hu H. , Zhang W. , Zhang Y. , Liu Z. , Chen M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Seed coat mucilage plays an important role in promoting seed germination under adversity. Previous studies have shown that Arabidopsis thaliana MYB52 (AtMYB52) can positively regulate seed coat mucilage accumulation. However, the role of Brassica napus MYB52 (BnaMYB52) in accumulation of seed coat mucilage and tolerance to osmotic stress during seed germination remains largely unknown.

We cloned the BnaA09.MYB52 coding domain sequence from B. napus cv ZS11, identified its conserved protein domains and elucidated its relationship with homologues from a range of plant species. Transgenic plants overexpressing BnaA09.MYB52 in the A. thaliana myb52‐1 mutant were generated through Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation and used to assess the possible roles of BnaA09.MYB52 in accumulation of seed coat mucilage and tolerance to osmotic stress during seed germination.

Subcellular localization and transcriptional activity assays demonstrated that BnaA09.MYB52 functions as a transcription factor. RT‐qPCR results indicate that BnaA09.MYB52 is predominantly expressed in roots and developing seeds of B. napus cv ZS11. Introduction of BnaA09.MYB52 into myb52‐1 restored thinner seed coat mucilage in this mutant to levels in the wild type. Consistently, expression levels of three key genes participating in mucilage formation in developing seeds of myb52‐1 were also restored to wild type levels by overexpressing BnaA09.MYB52. Furthermore, BnaA09.MYB52 was induced by osmotic stress during seed germination in B. napus, and ectopic expression of BnaA09.MYB52 successfully corrected sensitivity of the myb52‐1 mutant to osmotic stress during seed germination.

These findings enhance our understanding of the functions of BnaA09.MYB52 and provide a novel strategy for future B. napus breeding.
Can corruption connect you to politics? Nepotism, anxiety, and government blame
Authors: Kolberg‐Shah Deanna , Shin Hwayong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCan corruption scandals trigger citizens to punish a poor‐performing government? Citizens often fail to punish governments with subpar policy outcomes because they tend to isolate politics from their personal life and avoid blaming one's own party. Challenging these popular beliefs, our findings from a survey experiment in South Korea indicate that corruption scandals accusing elected officials of nepotism trigger people to blame the government as the cause of their personal grievances. This effect is prominent among individuals who are highly worried about their own education, employment, and retirement, highlighting anxiety as a driving factor. Surprisingly, the effect of nepotism spills across domains; for example, college admission nepotism increases government blame for concerns on not only education but also employment and retirement. Moreover, nepotism may prompt partisans whose party is in power, who are otherwise less likely to blame the incumbent government, to attribute greater blame to the government. These findings imply that corruption scandals can alter perceptions of how government performance affects personal lives. Overall, the study suggests that nepotism in areas critical to personal well‐being may generate an effective opposition against poor‐performing government, as seen in the 2016–17 South Korean presidential corruption scandal.
Picochloropsis malayensis gen. et sp. nov. (Chlorellales, Chlorophyta), an ammonium tolerant, polyphosphate‐accumulating microalga from seawater
Authors: Katayama Tomoyo , Takahashi Kazuya , Wahid Mohd Effendy Abd , Yusoff Fatimah Md. , Takahashi Kazutaka 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYThe significant concentrations of phosphate in wastewater can be considered as an important fertilizer source. Some microalgae uptake phosphate from wastewater and store it in the form of polyphosphate (polyP). Therefore, biological phosphorus recovery processes have been attracting significant attention recently. However, wastewaters are often rich in ammonium, and so microalgae used for phosphorus recovery should be tolerant of this component. In the present study, 151 microalgae were isolated from freshwater, brackish water and seawater. Among them, 11 strains showed higher growth rates in ammonium‐rich media. Of these, the strain SLG4‐06 originating from a marine environment showed the highest polyP accumulation rate and was selected as the most potential alga for phosphorus recovery from wastewater. Based on the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of nuclear‐encoded 18S rDNA and chloroplast‐encoded rbcL of strain SLG4‐06, we propose Picochloropsis malayensis gen. et sp. nov. for this strain in the Chlorellales, Trebouxiophyceae. Because P. malayensis can grow in both seawater and freshwater environments, it may be suitable for wastewater treatment in marine aquaculture ponds with widely fluctuating salinity levels.