bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Serum Ferritin, Hemoglobin, Iron Intake, and Diabetes in Adults in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Shi Zumin , Hu Xiaoshu , Yuan Baojun , Pan Xiaoqun , Meyer Haakon E. , Holmboe-Ottesen Gerd 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the association between iron status, iron intake, and diabetes among Chinese adults.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This cross-sectional household survey was carried out in 2002 in Jiangsu Province, China. The sample contained 2,849 men and women aged ≥20 years with a response rate of 89.0%. Iron intake was assessed by food weighing plus consecutive individual 3-day food records. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum ferritin, and hemoglobin were measured.
RESULTS—The prevalence of anemia was 18.3% in men and 31.5% in women. Mean hemoglobin and serum ferritin increased across groups with increasing FPG. The prevalence of anemia among women was 15.0% in individuals with FPG &gt;7.0 mmol/l compared with 32.6% in individuals with FPG &lt;5.6 mmol/l. There was a similar, however not significant, trend among men. In women, after adjusting for known risk factors, the odds ratio (OR) of diabetes was 2.15 (95% CI 1.03–4.51) for subjects in the upper quartile of hemoglobin compared with the rest, and the corresponding OR for the upper quartile of serum ferritin was 3.79 (1.72–8.36). Iron intake was positively associated with diabetes in women; fourth quartile intake of iron yielded an OR of 5.53 (1.47–20.44) compared with the first quartile in the multivariate analyses. In men, similar trends were suggested, although they were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS—Iron status and iron intake was independently associated with risk of diabetes in Chinese women but not in men.
Influence of Hepatic Steatosis (Fatty Liver) on Severity and Composition of Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Toledo Frederico G.S. , Sniderman Allan D. , Kelley David E. 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE—The objective of this study was to examine the associations between the severity of hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes, including circulating apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) concentrations and lipoprotein particle size and numbers.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Computed tomography imaging was used to assess hepatic fat content and adipose tissue distribution in 67 men and women with type 2 diabetes, withdrawn from antidiabetic medications preceding the study. Fasting serum lipoprotein number and size was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Insulin sensitivity was measured with a glucose clamp and a [6,6-2H2]glucose isotope infusion.
RESULTS—Two-thirds of the cohort had fatty liver. Hepatic steatosis correlated with serum triglycerides (r = 0.40, P &lt; 0.01) and lower HDL cholesterol (r = −0.31, P &lt; 0.05). ApoB and LDL cholesterol did not, being virtually identical in those with or without steatosis. The association between serum triglycerides and hepatic steatosis was largely accounted for by greater triglyceride enrichment in VLDL particles, which were larger. Severe steatosis was also associated with 70% higher small, dense LDL concentrations. Visceral obesity did not fully explain these associations, and hepatic steatosis was better correlated with triglycerides than with hyperglycemia or hepatic insulin resistance (P &gt; 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS—The presence of hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes does not appear to affect apoB levels, but potentially increases atherogenesis by increasing triglycerides, reducing HDL levels, and increasing small, dense LDL.
Impaired Insulin Secretion After Prenatal Exposure to the Dutch Famine
Authors: de Rooij Susanne R. , Painter Rebecca C. , Phillips David I.W. , Osmond Clive , Michels Robert P.J. , Godsland Ian F. , Bossuyt Patrick M.M. , Bleker Otto P. , Roseboom Tessa J. 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE—We previously reported that people prenatally exposed to famine during the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944–1945 have higher 2-h glucose concentrations after an oral glucose tolerance test in later life. We aimed to determine whether this association is mediated through alterations in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, or a combination of both.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We performed a 15-sample intravenous glucose tolerance test in a subsample of 94 normoglycemic men and women from the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort. We used the disposition index, derived as the product of insulin sensitivity and the first-phase insulin response to glucose as a measure of the activity of the β-cells adjusted for insulin resistance. In all analyses, we adjusted for sex and BMI.
RESULTS—Glucose tolerance was impaired in people who had been prenatally exposed to famine compared with people unexposed to famine (difference in intravenous glucose tolerance test Kg value −21% [95% CI −41 to −4]). People exposed to famine during midgestation had a significantly lower disposition index (−53% [−126 to −3]) compared with people unexposed to famine. Prenatal exposure to famine during early gestation was also associated with a lower disposition index, but this difference did not reach statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS—Impaired glucose tolerance after exposure to famine during mid-gestation and early gestation seems to be mediated through an insulin secretion defect.
Cognitive Dysfunction Is Associated With Poor Diabetes Control in Older Adults
Authors: Munshi Medha , Grande Laura , Hayes Mellody , Ayres Darlene , Suhl Emmy , Capelson Roberta , Lin Susan , Milberg William , Weinger Katie 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate the association between cognitive dysfunction and other barriers and glycemic control in older adults with diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Patients over the age of 70 years presenting to a geriatric diabetes clinic were evaluated for barriers to successful diabetes management. Patients were screened for cognitive dysfunction with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a clock-drawing test (CDT) scored by 1) a method validated by Mendez et al. and 2) a modified CDT (clock in a box [CIB]). Depression was evaluated with the Geriatric Depression Scale. Interview questionnaires surveyed activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs), as well as other functional disabilities.
RESULTS—Sixty patients (age 79 ± 5 years, diabetes duration 14 ± 13 years) were evaluated. Thirty-four percent of patients had low CIB (≤5), and 38% of patients had low CDT (≤13). Both CIB as well as CDT were inversely correlated with HbA1c, suggesting that cognitive dysfunction is associated with poor glycemic control (r = −0.37, P &lt; 0.004 and r = −0.38, P &lt; 0.004, respectively). Thirty-three percent of patients had depressive symptoms with greater difficulty completing the tasks of the IADL survey (5.7 ± 1.7 vs. 4.6 ± 2.0; P &lt; 0.03). These older adults with diabetes had a high incidence of functional disabilities, including hearing impairment (48%), vision impairment (53%), history of recent falls (33%), fear of falls (44%), and difficulty performing IADLs (39%).
CONCLUSIONS—Older adults with diabetes have a high risk of undiagnosed cognitive dysfunction, depression, and functional disabilities. Cognitive dysfunction in this population is associated with poor diabetes control.
Conformational studies of aliphatic secondary ozonides (propene, 1-butene and 1-heptene) by means of FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Bariseviciute Ruta , Ceponkus Justinas , Gruodis Alytis , Sablinskas Valdas 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ozonization reaction of simple alkenes was studied by means of FT infrared absorption gas spectroscopy. The reaction was performed at 95 K in neat films of the reactants. IR absorption spectra of the gaseous products were recorded. The spectra were analyzed combining experimental results with theoretical calculations performed at B3LYP 6-311++G (3df, 3pd) level. We found that among all theoretically predicted conformers of propene secondary ozonide, only one which has the O-O half-chair configuration for the five membered ring and the radical attached in the equatorial position was present in the sample. Samples of 1-butene and 1-heptene secondary ozonides consist from two conformers of very similar energy (ΔH=0.3 kJ/mol). The most stable conformer for both ozonides is the one with O-O half-chair configuration of the five membered ring and the radical attached in equatorial position and the aliphatic chain in gauche position. The second stable conformer has the aliphatic chain in anti position.
Schistosoma japonicum: The design and experimental evaluation of a multivalent DNA vaccine
Authors: Li Chunyan , Yu Longjiang , Liu Zhi , Zhu Lu , Hu Yuan , Zhu Min , Zhu Xiaohua , Shi Youen , Meng Sijin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to construct and evaluate the immunity efficacy of the DNA multivalent vaccine pVIVO2SjFABP-23. The vaccine was constructed and produced as follows. Forty BALB/c mice were divided into four groups designated pVIVO2, pVIVO2Sj23, pVIVO2SjFABP and pVIVO2SjFABP-23. Each mouse was immunized with 100 μg of the corresponding plasmid DNA by intramuscular injection. 28 days post-vaccination, the mice were challenged with S. japonicum cercariae, and the worm and egg burdens were determined 42 days post-challenge. Serum samples were collected from all the mice before and after vaccination and at the end of the experiment, and used for antibody detection. The IFN-γ and IL-4 levels were quantified in the supernatants of specifically stimulated spleen cells. The number of worms was reduced by 52%, 40% and 42% in mice respectively immunized with pVIVO2SjFABP-23, pVIVO2Sj23 or pVIVO2SjFABP. A respective 61%, 38% and 39% egg reduction was determined relative to those mice that only received the empty pVIVO2 plasmid. pVIVO2SjFABP-23 immunization increased IgG levels against SWAP and SEA. Increased IFN-γ levels were detected in the supernatant of specific stimulated spleen cells from mice immunized with the 3 different constructs. The multivalent DNA vaccine developed induced higher levels of protection than the two monovalent tested vaccines.
Emulsions of oil from Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds and their protective effect
Authors: Jaromin Anna , Żarnowski Robert , Kozubek Arkadiusz 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn our previous study, we developed very stable formulations of submicron oil-in-water emulsions from Adenanthera pavonina L. (family Leguminosae, subfamily Mimosoideae) seed oil, stabilised with soybean lecithin (SPC). Continuing our research, we introduced an additional co-emulsifier, Tween 80, to those formulations in order to decrease the size of the emulsion particles and improve their stability. Formulations with a mean particle size ranging from 43.6 to 306.5 nm and a negative surface charge from −45.3 to −28.5 mV were obtained. Our stability experiments also revealed that most of the tested formulations had a very good degree of stability over a 3-month storage period, both at 4°C and at room temperature.Since many intravenous injectable drugs exhibit lytic activity against erythrocytes, we examined this activity for the emulsion form of cardol, a natural compound with already proven hemolytic properties. The incorporation of this agent into the emulsion caused an evident decrease in hemolytic activity (97–99%). This highly protective effect, observed against sheep erythrocytes, was independent of both the composition and the particle size of the emulsions used. Our studies suggest that nonionic surfactant/phospholipid-based emulsions containing this edible oil of A. pavonina L. may be useful as an alternative formulation matrix for pharmaceutical, nutritional or cosmetic applications of otherwise membrane-acting components.
Training conditional and cumulative risk judgements: the role of frequencies, problem‐structure and einstellung
Authors: McCloy Rachel , Beaman C. Philip , Morgan Beth , Speed Rebecca 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTwo experiments implement and evaluate a training scheme for learning to apply frequency formats to probability judgements couched in terms of percentages. Results indicate that both conditional and cumulative probability judgements can be improved in this manner, however the scheme is insufficient to promote any deeper understanding of the problem structure. In both experiments, training on one problem type only (either conditional or cumulative risk judgements) resulted in an inappropriate transfer of a learned method at test. The obstacles facing a frequency‐based training programme for teaching appropriate use of probability data are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three-year results of a randomized clinical trial of lightweight or standard polypropylene mesh in Lichtenstein repair of primary inguinal hernia
Authors: Bringman S , Wollert S , Österberg J , Smedberg S , Granlund H , Heikkinen T-J 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
This randomized trial examined whether lightweight (LW) polypropylene mesh (large pore size, partially absorbable) could have long-term benefits in reducing chronic pain and inflammation after inguinal hernia repair.

Methods
Six hundred men with a primary unilateral inguinal hernia were randomized to Lichtenstein repair using a standard polypropylene mesh or a LW mesh in one of six centres. The patients were blinded to which mesh they received. Clinical examination was performed and a pain questionnaire completed 3 years after surgery.

Results
Of the 590 men who had surgery, 243 (82·7 per cent) of 294 in the standard mesh group and 251 (84·8 per cent) of 296 in the LW mesh group were examined in the clinic, a median of 37 (range 30-48) months after hernia repair. There were nine recurrent hernias in each group (3·7 per cent with standard mesh and 3·6 per cent with LW mesh). Patients who had LW mesh had less pain on examination, less pain on rising from lying to sitting, fewer miscellaneous groin problems and felt the mesh less often than patients with standard mesh.

Conclusion
Use of LW mesh for Lichtenstein hernia repair did not affect recurrence rates, but improved some aspects of pain and discomfort 3 years after surgery.
Proximal loop jejunostomy is a useful adjunct in the management of multiple intestinal suture lines in the septic abdomen
Authors: Shetty V , Teubner A , Morrison K , Scott N A 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Bowel repair in the septic abdomen can be problematic. This study investigated the use of a proximal loop jejunostomy to protect injured or fistulated bowel that had been returned to the abdomen after repair and/or anastomosis.

Methods
Ten patients who underwent laparotomy for intra-abdominal sepsis and/or fistulation, followed by distal enteric repair and/or anastomosis and construction of a proximal defunctioning loop jejunostomy, were studied retrospectively. Seven patients had 21 intestinal suture lines returned to the peritoneal cavity in the presence of intra-abdominal sepsis (14 anastomoses, two enterotomy closures and five serotomy repairs). Two patients had a difficult relaparotomy for pelvic abscess (two distal anastomoses, one enterotomy closure and three serotomy repairs). The final patient had pelvic sepsis and radiation enteritis; the distal anastomosis was defunctioned by a loop jejunostomy.

Results
The median distance from the duodenojejunal flexure to the loop stoma was 80 (range 30–170) cm. All jejunostomies were closed via a local approach, a median of 11 (range 9–18) months after formation. There was no significant postoperative morbidity and no postoperative death. At a median follow-up of 7 (range 0·5–56) months eight patients had no requirement for nutritional support.

Conclusion
Use of a loop jejunostomy to protect suture lines in the septic abdomen justifies consideration of this procedure in selected patients.
Molecular Pair Analysis: CH⋅⋅⋅F Interactions in the Crystal Structure of Fluorobenzene? And Related Matters
Authors: Dunitz Jack. D. , Schweizer W. Bernd 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe crystal structure of fluorobenzene is compared with isomorphous crystal structures of molecules of roughly similar shape. The lowest‐energy fluorobenzene dimers are identified by theoretical calculations. Molecular pair analysis of the crystal structure of fluorobenzene and of an isomorphous virtual low‐energy polymorph of benzene suggests that the important intermolecular interactions in the two structures are closely similar. In particular, the intermolecular CH⋅⋅⋅F interactions in the fluorobenzene crystal have approximately the same structure‐directing ability and influence on the intermolecular energy as the corresponding CH⋅⋅⋅H interactions in benzene. Molecular pair analysis of the isomorphous crystal structures of benzonitrile, alloxan, and cyclopentene‐1,2,3‐trione indicates that essentially the same crystal structure can be adopted with quite different patterns of pair energies and atom–atom interactions. The question as to whether the packing radius of organic fluorine is larger or smaller than that of hydrogen, is addressed, but not answered.
From Supramolecular Porphyrin Tweezers to Dynamic AnBmClDk Multiporphyrin Arrangements Through Orthogonal Coordination
Authors: Kishore Ravuri S. K. , Paululat Thomas , Schmittel Michael 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA dynamic, supramolecular, three‐component AnBmCl bis(zinc porphyrin) tweezer has been prepared quantitatively using the heteroleptic bisphenanthroline (HETPHEN) concept. Upon addition of nitrogenous spacers of different length, namely, the extended bipyridine 3 a, 4,4′‐bipyridine (3 b), and 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO; 3 c), to set up an additional orthogonal binding motif (ZnPor–Nspacer), three structurally different, still dynamic, four‐component AnBmClDk assemblies were cleanly formed, as indicated by UV/Vis and NMR titrations as well as by DOSY investigations. The structures were identified as a bridged monotweezer A2BC2D, a doubly bridged double tweezer A4B2C4D2, and a triply bridged double tweezer A4B2C4D3, the latter resembling a porphyrin stack. Notably, the same structures were equally formed directly from a mixture of the constituents A, B, C, and D put together in any sequence if the correct stoichiometry was applied.
Examining the use of subsidies for the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions through experimental simulations
Authors: Olsson Lars E. , Akiyama Manabu , Gärling Tommy , Gustafsson Mathias , Loukopoulos Peter 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA market experiment was designed to empirically investigate the potential effectiveness of a governmental subsidy system to reduce sales and therefore production of environmentally harmful products. The important issue of whether the subsidy system preserves competitiveness was also examined. In the experiment two levels of a subsidy for unsold units were compared with no subsidy. To simulate the way in which subsidy levels may vary across time in real markets, the effects of high and low uncertainty regarding the subsidy level were also investigated. The results showed that subsidies, whether known and fixed or uncertain and varying, did not erode competition but nevertheless led to higher prices, which resulted in fewer sales. In the control condition a price war resulting in decreasing prices and increasing sales were observed. Several ways in which the proposed subsidy system may be implemented in the transport sector and other sectors are discussed. It is suggested that subsidies may make the adjustment process toward sustainable production less costly for the regulated parties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
In situ HT‐XRD Study on the Formation of Hexagonal Ammonium Tungsten Bronze by Partial Reduction of Ammonium Paratungstate Tetrahydrate
Authors: Szilágyi Imre Miklós , Hange Ferenc , Madarász János , Pokol György 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHexagonal ammonium tungsten bronze, (NH4)0.33–xWO3–y, is a possible constituent of the intermediate “tungsten blue oxide” in non‐sag (NS) tungsten production and a material of chromogenic and sensor interest. Its formation has been studied by in situ high‐temperature powder X‐ray diffraction (HT‐XRD) accompanied by semiquantitative phase analysis through the partial thermal reduction of ammonium paratungstate tetrahydrate, (NH4)10[H2W12O42]·4H2O, in flowing 10 % H2/He. The effect of the heating program on the formation of the title compound has been discussed. Highly crystalline, monophasic hexagonal ammonium tungsten bronze prepared by partial reduction of ammonium paratungstate tetrahydrate has been characterised by high‐precision powder XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), chemical analysis and solid‐state 1H NMR spectroscopy (1H‐MAS‐NMR). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Crystal Structure of the VV Dimer [V2O2(μ‐O)(dmpp)2(OCH3)2] and Its Equilibrium with the VV Trimer [V3O3(μ‐O)3(dmpp)3(H2O)](H2O)2 in Methanol/Water Solutions
Authors: Avecilla Fernando , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. , Macedo Anjos L. , Castro M. Margarida C. A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe behaviour of the cyclic trimeric VV complex [V3O3(μ‐O)3(dmpp)3(H2O)](H2O)2, V3L3, (L = Hdmpp = 3‐hydroxy‐1,2‐dimethyl‐4‐pyridinone) was studied in methanol and methanol/water solutions by using 51V and 1D‐ and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy. Red crystals, isolated from a highly concentrated methanol solution of the trimeric complex, were analysed by X‐ray crystallography. The solid‐state structure of the compound showed the presence of a new dinuclear VV cluster and allowed for its formulation as a [V2O2(μ‐O)(dmpp)2(OCH3)2] complex, V2Y2L2 (Y = OCH3). This complex crystallises in the monoclinic system: P21/c, a = 8.4573(11) Å, b = 15.034(2) Å and c = 15.849(2) Å, β = 105.300(2)°, V = 1943,7(4) Å3, Z = 2, and R1(wR2) = 0.0492(0.1706). The trimer V3L3 complex dissolved in a dry methanol solution fully decomposes, as shown by the 51V NMR signals at –388, –450 and –551 ppm, which are assigned to a monomer complex [VO(OMe)(dmpp)2] (VYL2), the dimer V2Y2L2 and the monomethyl ester of monovanadate, V1Y (V1 = monovanadate; Y = OCH3), respectively. In methanol/water solutions, a new 51V NMR signal appears at δ = –492 ppm, which is assigned to the [VO2(dmpp)(H2O)2] (VL) complex. When the percentage of water in the mixture increases, the relative intensities of the V2Y2L2 and V1Y signals decrease sharply, and a broad signal at –488 ppm appears, corresponding to the original VV trimer complex, which is the only species present in 94 % water. A temperature‐dependent 1H NMR study of a CD3OD solution of V3L3 confirmed the presence, at room temperature, of the dinuclear V2L2 complex and the VL2 species. At temperatures below 0 °C down to –50 °C, the appearance of new signals reflects the presence of isomers for the V2Y2L2 and VYL2 species with different stabilities and symmetries. 2D 1H homonuclear NMR exchange experiments (EXSY) allowed us to establish the isomeric equilibria that take place in solution, and indicates intramolecular exchange between the two ligands of the major isomer of VYL2 and intermolecular exchange between the major and minor isomers of species of different nuclearity, V2Y2L2 and VYL2. However, no evidence was found for intermolecular exchange between the major isomers and between the minor isomers of species of different nuclearity or between isomers of species of the same nuclearity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)