bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sensory Characteristics and Non‐sensory Factors on Consumer Liking of Various Canned Tea Products
Authors: Cho Hae‐Young , Chung Seo‐Jin , Kim Hee‐Sup , Kim Kwang‐OK 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to understand the sensory attributes that drive consumer liking for tea products and to investigate the effects of consumer age and product information on the acceptance of tea products. Descriptive analysis and consumer taste testing were conducted with 10 canned tea products. In the descriptive analysis, the sensory characteristics of tea products were evaluated using 17 attributes. In the consumer taste testing, 500 tea drinkers were recruited from 5 age groups (that is, ages in the 10′s to 50′s). Each age group was divided into 2 subgroups and rated the acceptance of samples with or without accompanying information about each sample. The General Linear Model was constructed to evaluate the effect of information and age on the liking of the tea products. Preference mapping was performed to understand the important sensory characteristics that drive consumer liking. The non‐sensory factors significantly affected the acceptance for tea products. The younger consumers distinctly preferred black tea to green/oolong tea, but this tendency diminished in the older groups. The majority of consumers liked lemon‐flavored black tea when the product information was not provided. When the information was presented, the acceptance tended to shift to bitter/astringent‐tasting green/oolong teas, which are marketed for their health benefits.
Feasibility and reliability of body composition measurements in adults with severe intellectual and sensory disabilities
Authors: Waninge A. , Van Der Weide W. , Evenhuis I. J. , Van Wijck R. , Van Der Schans C. P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground  Anthropometric measurements are widely used to reliably quantify body composition and to estimate risks of overweight in healthy subjects and in patients. However, information about the reliability of anthropometric measurements in subjects with severe intellectual and sensory disabilities is lacking.Objective  The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and the test–retest reliability of body composition measures in subjects with severe intellectual and sensory disabilities.Method  The study population consisted of 45 subjects with severe intellectual and sensory disabilities. Body mass index, waist circumference, skin folds and tibia length were measured. Reliability was assessed by Wilcoxon signed rank test, limits of agreement (LOA) and intraclass correlation coefficients. The outcomes were compared with values provided by the World Health Organization.Results  There were no significant differences between test and retest (P < 0.05). For the skinfold measurements, however, the LOA was insufficient. Intraclass correlation coefficients for all variables, except skinfold measurements, were 0.90 or above.Conclusion  Test–retest reliability and feasibility for all measurements are acceptable in subjects with severe intellectual and sensory disabilities. Skinfold measurements, however, could not be reliably performed in these subjects. Measuring tibia length and using the determined formula to calculate body height from tibia length is a reliable alternative for measuring body height. Although measuring the body height of subjects with severe disabilities was feasible, measuring tibia length was more feasible.
HIV‐1 and intestinal helminth review update: Updating a Cochrane Review and building the case for treatment and has the time come to test and treat?
Authors: ALEXANDER P. E. , DE P. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARY Intestinal helminth infection activates and dysregulates the immune system and impacts the host's capacity to respond to illness. Such neglected tropical infections exact the greatest burden on resource‐limited settings and there appears to be considerable overlapping epidemiology with HIV‐1 and other high‐burden infections and illnesses in such settings. Recent limited yet controlled RCT evidence suggests a potentially beneficial therapeutic effect when persons co‐infected with soil‐transmitted worms and HIV‐1, are treated with albendazole. The positive impact on CD4+ counts and plasma RNA levels appears to delay HIV‐1 progression. The evidence‐base has been conflicting and the unequivocal evidence needed to support large‐scale de‐worming remains lacking. The recent RCT by Walson and colleagues provides the first real tantalizing evidence of a beneficial impact of worm treatment and adds to a prior Cochrane review that was inconclusive. Further controlled, longer duration and larger trial arm designs that are minimally biased and comparable, are needed to provide the conclusive evidence needed yet the case for de‐worming in delaying high‐burden illnesses such as HIV‐1 has been made much stronger.
Palaeosols in early Himalayan foreland basin sequences demonstrate latitudinal shift‐related long‐term climatic change
Authors: SINGH B. P. , TANDON S. K. , SINGH G. P. , PAWAR J. S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe Palaeogene sedimentary record in the Himalayan foreland basin contains palaeosols that are interpreted as reflecting changes in climate through time with the passage of the Indian Plate from the equator to 30° N latitude. To understand spatial and temporal variation in the occurrence of diagnostic palaeosol types, 12 exposed stratigraphic sections were investigated and studied in detail using petrographic and geochemical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray mineralogy. Oxisol (bauxite) is a karst bauxite that occurs in crudely bedded and laminated forms. It contains gibbsite, goethite and kaolinite and shows chemical index of alteration values close to 100, demonstrating intense weathering. No gradual change in the concentrations of trace and rare earth elements is recorded. However, their behaviour suggests that the Oxisol was produced by weathering of basalt under a warm and humid climate. Histosol (coal), found stratigraphically higher than Oxisols, contains woody structures dominated by vitrinite maceral. The Histosol is interpreted as having originated from an undisturbed peat developed in a swamp of high tree density under wet tropical climatic conditions. Up‐section, calcrete profiles of stages 3 and 4, containing rhizoliths, pellets, filamentous calcite andMicrocodium, have developed by pedogenic processes. Large negative stable carbon (−8·5‰ to −11·2‰) and oxygen isotope values (−8·5‰ to −12·6‰) suggest that the studied calcretes formed under the influence of meteoric water and soil organic matter in dry sub‐tropical climatic conditions. The formation of Oxisol in a warm and humid climate was possible in the equatorial region when part of the Indian subcontinent was close to the equator. The coal developed under a humid climate when the northern tip of the Indian subcontinent reached the intertropical convergence zone, while the pedogenic calcrete formed once the sub‐tropical climatic zone was reached. Hence, it is suggested that these palaeosols formed in different climatic zones during northward drift of the Indian plate and that the drift brought them to their present positions between 30° N and 35° N within the sub‐tropical climatic zone.
A novel ATM‐dependent X‐ray‐inducible gene is essential for both plant meiosis and gametogenesis
Authors: Dean Philip J. , Siwiec Tanja , Waterworth Wanda M. , Schlögelhofer Peter , Armstrong Susan J. , West Christopher E. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryDNA damage in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings results in upregulation of hundreds of genes. One of the earliest and highest levels of induction is displayed by a previously uncharacterized gene that we have termed X‐ray induced 1 (XRI1). Analysis of plants carrying a null xri1 allele revealed two distinct requirements for this gene in plant fertility. XRI1 was important for the post‐meiotic stages of pollen development, leading to inviability of xri− pollen and abnormal segregation of the mutant allele in heterozygous xri1+/− plants. In addition, XRI1 was essential for male and female meiosis, as indicated by the complete sterility of homozygous xri1 mutants due to extensive chromosome fragmentation visible in meiocytes. Abolition of programmed DNA double‐strand breaks in a spo11‐1 mutant background failed to rescue the DNA fragmentation of xri1 mutants, suggesting that XRI1 functions at an earlier stage than SPO11‐1 does. Yeast two‐hybrid studies identified an interaction between XRI1 and a novel component of the Arabidopsis MND1/AHP2 complex, indicating possible requirements for XRI1 in meiotic DNA repair.
Granulocyte transfusions in neutropenic patients: beneficial effects proven?
Authors: Peters C. 
Published: February 2009

Despite the huge armamentarium of modern antibiotics and anti‐fungals infections remain life‐threatening events in patients with profound neutropenia. For decades, the value of granulocyte transfusions (GT) has been explored and results are still not conclusive. However, it has been shown that GT increase peripheral blood neutrophil counts of recipients and lead to migration of functional neutrophils into inflamed tissues. A favourable increment of absolute neutrophil counts is observed after concentrates from technically up‐to‐date apherese from granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor‐stimulated donors. Most studies indicated a potential positive effect on infection elimination with a minimum cell content of GT (1·5–3 × 108/kg recipient body weight). Although to date the beneficial effect of GT is not proven in prospective randomized trials, in specific situations GT is an option to treat infections along with antibiotics when there is profound neutropenia. However, these patients in critical situations need to be treated within carefully designed studies based on the best known methods for providing granulocyte concentrates in sufficient dose and frequency, standardized similar to other blood product transfusions. That includes definition of minimum cell content, maximum interval between apheresis and application, storage conditions, methods of donor stimulation according to patient's body weight and frequency of GT. This review considers the results of recent studies using GT from cytokine‐stimulated donors and the consequences and effects in recipients and donors.
Environmental and Economic Benefits of Saline‐Sodic Soil Reclamation Using Low‐quality Water and Soil Amendments in Conjunction with a Rice–Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Murtaza G. , Ghafoor A. , Owens G. , Qadir M. , Kahlon U. Z. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA combination of appropriate crop rotation(s) and management interventions has the potential to transform saline‐sodic soil and water resources from an environmental burden into an economic asset. We carried out 2‐year field studies in the Indus Basin of Pakistan to evaluate different irrigation and soil management options of using saline‐sodic waters (SSW) and soils for reclamation and for growing salt‐tolerant cultivars of rice (SSRI‐8) and wheat (SIS‐32). These soils have variable levels of salinity and sodicity (ECe9–44 dS m−1and SAR 83–319). The treatments on both the sites were the same and consisted of: (1) Irrigation with SSW, (2) Irrigation with freshwater (FW), (3) Soil application of gypsum at 100 % gypsum requirement of soil + SSW (G + SSW), (4) G + one irrigation with SSW and one with FW (G + 1SSW + 1FW), (5) G + two irrigations with SSW and one with FW (G + 2SSW + 1FW), (6) Farm manure at 25 Mg ha−1each year before rice + one irrigation with SSW and one with FW (FM + 1SSW + 1FW) and (7) FM + two irrigations with SSW and one with FW (FM + 2SSW + 1FW). Rice was grown as the first crop. After harvesting final wheat crop (fourth in sequence), maximum decrease in bulk density and increase in infiltration rate was observed with G + 1SSW + 1FW while FM + 1SSW + 1FW treatment showed higher decrease in pHsand ECe. Significantly the highest decrease in SAR occurred at both sites with G + 1SSW + 1FW. Maximum yields of rice and wheat were generally observed with G + 1SSW + 1FW. The crop yield and economic benefits with treatments showed a positive correlation with that of improvement in soil physical and chemical properties. Overall, the greatest net benefit was obtained from G + 1SSW + 1FW treatment. We also found that the farmers’ management skills were crucial in the overall success in improving crop yields during reclamation of saline‐sodic soils. Based on the results of this study, we propose that SSW could be used to reclaim saline‐sodic soils by using a rice–wheat rotation and a site‐specific combination of soil amendments and water application strategies.
Landscape Position and Precipitation Effects on Spatial Variability of Wheat Yield and Grain Protein in Southern Italy
Authors: Basso B. , Cammarano D. , Chen D. , Cafiero G. , Amato M. , Bitella G. , Rossi R. , Basso F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWheat yield and protein content are spatially variable because of inherent spatial variability of factors affecting the yield at field scale. In Mediterranean environments, yield variability is often caused by the irregular weather pattern, particularly rainfall and by position on the landscape. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of landscape position and rainfall on spatial variability of wheat yield and protein in a rolling terrain field of Southern Italy, and to propose stable management areas through simulation modelling and georesistivity imaging in rolling landscape. The study was carried out in Southern Italy, during 2 years of wheat monoculture; extensive soil properties and in‐season plant measurements were measured. This study showed that soil water content was the main factor affecting spatial variation of yield for both years. The interactions between rainfall, topography and soil attributes increase the chances to observe yield variability among years. The principal component analysis demonstrated that for both years, soil water content explained most of the variability. The crop simulation model provided excellent results when compared with measured data with root mean square error of 0.2 t ha−1. The simulated cumulative probability function showed that the model was able to confirm the yield temporal stability of three different zones.
Effect of Salt Stress on the Salicylic Acid Synthesis in Young Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants
Authors: Szalai G. , Janda T. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe effect of salt stress on salicylic acid (SA) synthesis was investigated parallel with the induction of antioxidant enzymes in young maize plants. Two‐week‐old maize plants grown in hydroponic solution were treated with 50 or 100 mm NaCl for 7 days. Antioxidant enzyme activities, and the SA and o‐hydroxy‐cinnamic acid (oHCA) levels were measured on the 3rd and 7th day of treatment and after 4 days of recovery. Ascorbate peroxidase activity increased in the leaves, but changes in guaiacol peroxidase activity only could be detected in the roots after 7 days. Glutathione reductase activity increased both in the leaves and in the roots after the 3rd day of 100 mm NaCl treatment. Free SA only increased during recovery in the leaves and roots. In the leaves of plants treated with 100 mm NaCl, a slight increase was observed in the free oHCA level, which rose dramatically after recovery, while in the roots an increase could only be seen after recovery. These results suggest that oHCA may serve not only as a precursor of SA but may also have an antioxidant role during salt stress and recovery.
Reporting 678 putative cSNPs from full‐length enriched cDNA sequences of the Korean native pig
Authors: Park K. , Dirisala V.R. , Oh Y. , Choi H. , Lee K.T. , Kim J.H. , Lee H.T. , Seo K.H. , Park C. 
Published: February 2009

SummarySequences from the clones of full‐length enriched cDNA libraries serve as valuable resources for functional genomic studies. We have analysed 1970 high‐quality chromatograms (Phred value ≥ 30) that were obtained from sequencing the 5′ ends of brainstem, liver, neocortex and spleen clones derived from full‐length enriched cDNA libraries from Korean native pigs. In addition, 50 000 pig expressed sequence tag (EST) sequence trace files were obtained from Genbank and combined with our sequencing information to facilitate SNP identification in silico. The process generated 8118 contigs, of which 239 included minimum one sequence from Korean native pig and contained 678 putative coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs). Of these, 33 putative cSNPs were randomly selected for confirmatory analysis and validated using 20 pigs from four different breeds (Duroc, Landrace, Yorkshire, Korean native pig). Of the 33 putative cSNPs, 20 were confirmed (61%), which was similar to the frequency reported in other studies. We also identified 15 new cSNPs from the validation process, which were not detected by our in silico analysis. Our study shows that analysing genetically diverse pig breeds including the Korean native pig could serve as a useful strategy for generating a large number of cSNPs.
Analysis of genetic variability in the Czech Dachshund population using microsatellite markers
Authors: Přibáňová M. , Horák P. , Schröffelová D. , Urban T. , Bechyňová R. , Musilová L. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe primary goal of this study was to analyse genetic variation within and among six Dachshund varieties in the Czech Republic using 10 microsatellites from StockMarks® Paternity Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Typing kit. A total of 632 Dachshunds were sampled – 99 Standard Smooth‐haired, 72 Standard Long‐haired, 272 Standard Wire‐haired, 42 Miniature Smooth‐haired, 73 Miniature Long‐haired and 74 Miniature Wire‐haired. Average observed heterozygosity and polymorphic information content ranged in particular Dachshund varieties between 0.58–0.70 and 0.57–0.64, respectively. Subsequent analysis of the population structure (F‐statistics; Nei’s genetic identity) showed that Standard Dachshunds shared allele frequencies most closely with their miniature equivalents, and smooth coat type is closer to Wire‐haired coat type than to the Long‐haired one. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 11.81% of the total variance occured among varieties. The value of combined exclusion probability (0.9955) validated usefulness of this panel of microsatellites for parentage verification in all analysed populations. We carried out 234 parentage verifications with 1.28% cases where parentage did not match.
Parameter estimation in selected populations with missing data
Authors: Yagüe‐Utrilla G. , García‐Cortés L.A. , Silander M. , Varona L. , Altarriba J. , Moreno C. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThis study proposes a procedure to estimate genetic parameters in populations where a selection process results in the loss of an unknown number of observations. The method was developed under the Bayesian inference scope following the missing data theory approach. Its implementation requires slight modifications to the Gibbs sampler algorithm. In order to show the efficiency of this option, a simulation study was conducted.
Fitness costs and morphological change of laboratory‐selected thiamethoxam resistance in the B‐type Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Feng Y. T. , Wu Q. J. , Xu B. Y. , Wang S. L. , Chang X. L. , Xie W. , Zhang Y. J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThiamethoxam has been used as a key insecticide to control the whitefly, B‐type Bemisia tabaci, for several years in China with no known cases of resistance in field populations. To evaluate the risk of resistance, a field population was collected and resistant strains were developed by exposure to thiamethoxam in the laboratory. After selection for 36 generation, a strain with 60‐fold resistance was successfully identified. Fitness analysis by constructing life tables, demonstrated that resistant B‐type whiteflies had obvious fitness disadvantages in their development and reproduction. The fitness of resistant B‐type whiteflies decreased dramatically, to only one‐half that of the susceptible strain. Some changes in the morphological characteristics of the resistant strain were observed. The lengths of first, second and third instars of the resistant strain were significantly smaller than those of the susceptible strain, and the width of the first and the fourth instars were also significantly smaller than in the susceptible strain. Our results suggest that the B‐type B. tabaci has the potential to develop high resistance to thiamethoxam, and that the resistance changed the morphology of the insects. The slow development of resistance and the lower fitness of resistant B. tabaci strains may result in a quick recovery of sensitivity when the population is no longer in contact with thiamethoxam in the field.
Autoantibodies against glomerular endothelial cells in anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody‐associated systemic vasculitis
Authors: HU NAN , WESTRA JOHANNA , HUITEMA MINKE G , STEGEMAN COEN A , LIMBURG PIET C , KALLENBERG CEES G M 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYAim:  The prevalence of anti‐endothelial cell autoantibodies (AECA) in patients with anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody‐associated systemic vasculitis (ASV) has been reported by several groups with conflicting results ranging from 8% to 100%. Types of substrate cells used for AECA testing partially explain this variation. Endothelial cells from kidney origin have been reported to be predominant in AECA binding. Therefore, we investigated AECA prevalence using a human glomerular endothelial cell line compared with primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which have frequently been used for AECA detection.Methods:  Sera from 43 ASV patients (29 Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), 14 microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)) with active disease were assessed for AECA positivity using cell‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Forty serum samples from healthy controls were tested in parallel. To evaluate endothelial activation levels, soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 were measured with capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results:  The AECA were detected in 4 of 29 WG patients (14%), but none of 14 MPA patients was positive for AECA using glomerular endothelial cell as a substrate, whereas AECA were positive in 10% of WG patients and 14% of MPA patients on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. No significant differences were found between ASV patients and controls in AECA test. Serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 and soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 in ASV patients were significantly higher than in controls. However, there were no differences between AECA‐positive and ‐negative patients for both of the activation markers.Conclusion:  The AECA, directed against glomerular endothelial cells, have a low prevalence in ASV patients with active disease and are not correlated with endothelial activation.