bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of storage conditions on viability and vigour of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds
Authors: Selemani Siwajali , Madege Richard , Nzogela Yasinta 
Published: March 2024

The storage experiment examined the effects of storage temperatures, seed moisture contents (SMC), and storage durations (SD) on the viability and vigour of sunflower seeds. Certified sunflower seeds were evaluated for seed germination, seedling vigour, and fungal infection. A 3x3x6 factorial experiment in Completely Randomized Design was set out in four replicates. The three factors were temperature (5, 20, 35 ºC), SMC (6,8,10%), and SD (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90Days After Storage, DAS). Before storage (0 DAS), the initial germination percentage (GP=94%), Germination index (GI=322), Seedling vigour index (SVI=2118), and fungal infection incidence (FII=52%) were determined and used as control. The lowest GP of 67%, GI (269.2), SVI (1295), and FII (78.0%), was found in seeds stored at a temperature of 35 ºC and SMC of 10% at 90DAS. Upon the interaction effect at the end of 90DAS, the temperature of 5 ºC with SMC of 6% followed by the temperature of 20 ºC with SMC of 6% recorded the greatest GP of 87.5 and 87.0%, GI of 304.3 and 296.8 SVI of 1910 and 1877 and fewer fungi incidence (%) of 61.5 and 63 respectively. The germination percentage was above the minimum certification standards of 85%, as per the Tanzania Official Seed Certification Institute. Conclusively, our results discovered that the optimum storage conditions-Temperature of 5 and 20 ºC with SMC of 6 and 8% could be suitable for maintaining the viability and vigour of sunflower seeds throughout the storage duration (90 DAS).
Genetics and Gene Science (Classical)
Authors: De Baldo A.C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFundamentals of GeneticsDefining the GeneDeoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)Mutations of GenesRecombinantDNATechnologyGenes and DiseasesNew Advances in UnderstandingDNAReplicationThe Human Genome Project (HGP)
Origins Program
Authors:   NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Science

Gravity's Role in Galaxy Formation

How Galaxies Produce Chemicals for Stars, Planets, and Living Organisms

Young Planetary Systems in Formation

Mature Planetary Systems

Worlds Where Life Can Thrive

Identifying Life‐Bearing Worlds

How Matter is Organized Into Living Systems

Limits to Life in Different Planetary Environments

Missions

Space‐Based Observatories

The Precursor Missions

The First Generation Missions

The Second Generation Mission

The Third Generation Missions

Ground‐Based Observatories
A Novel Mesoporous CaO‐Loaded In2O3 Material for CO2 Sensing
Authors: Prim A. , Pellicer E. , Rossinyol E. , Peiró F. , Cornet A. , Morante J. R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA mesoporous CaO‐loaded In2O3 material (with Ca/In2O3 ratios ranging from 2.5 to 8.5 at %) has been synthesized and used as resistive gas sensor for the detection of CO2. A nanostructured In2O3 matrix has been obtained by hard template route from the SBA‐15 silica template. Additive presence does not distort the lattice of In2O3, which crystallizes in the Ia3 cubic space group. It has been proved by XRD, HRTEM, Raman and XPS measurements that samples contain not only CaO but also CaCO3 in calcite phase as a consequence of CaO carbonation. Pure In2O3 based sensors are low sensitive to CO2, whereas those containing the additive show an important response in the 300–5000 ppm range of gas concentrations. As seen by DRIFTS, the electrical response arises from the interaction between CO32– and CO2, yielding bicarbonates products. The reaction is water‐assisted, so that hydration of the sensing material ensures sensor reliability whilst its dehydration would inhibit sensor response. The use of CaCO3 instead of CaO does not cause significant differences in electrical and DRIFTS data, which corroborates the important role played by carbonate species in the sensing mechanism.
Printable Single‐Crystal Silicon Micro/Nanoscale Ribbons, Platelets and Bars Generated from Bulk Wafers
Authors: Baca A. J. , Meitl M. A. , Ko H. C. , Mack S. , Kim H.‐S. , Dong J. , Ferreira P. M. , Rogers J. A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article demonstrates a method for fabricating high quality single‐crystal silicon ribbons, platelets and bars with dimensions between ∼ 100 nm and ∼ 5 cm from bulk (111) wafers by using phase shift and amplitude photolithographic methods in conjunction with anisotropic chemical etching procedures. This “top‐down” approach affords excellent control over the thicknesses, lengths, and widths of these structures and yields almost defect‐free, monodisperse elements with well defined doping levels, surface morphologies and crystalline orientations. Dry transfer printing these elements from the source wafers to target substrates by use of soft, elastomeric stamps enables high yield integration onto wafers, glass plates, plastic sheets, rubber slabs or other surfaces. As one application example, bottom gate thin‐film transistors that use aligned arrays of ribbons as the channel material exhibit good electrical properties, with mobilites as high as ∼ 200 cm2 V–1 s–1 and on/off ratios > 104.
Organic Solar Cells by Annealing Stacked Amorphous and Microcrystalline Layers
Authors: Osasa T. , Yamamoto S. , Matsumura M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOrganic solar cells were fabricated by stacking aromatic amine and C60 layers. The energy conversion efficiency of these solar cells was low because of poor photoabsorption by these layers and short diffusion length of excitons. However, the photocurrent density was increased by about 3 times by the application of heat treatment to the stacked organic layers at 140 °C, and the maximum energy conversion efficiency reached 1.1 % under AM 1.5, 100 mW cm–2 simulated solar light. The internal quantum efficiency of the photocurrent after the annealing reached about 45 %. When the aromatic amine layer was about 100 nm thick, the organic layers after the annealing showed a wrinkled structure under an optical microscope. The annealing temperature needed for the formation of this structure was in good agreement with the temperature needed for the increase in the photocurrent. The morphological change caused by the annealing was attributed to infiltration of the amorphous aromatic amine compound into grain boundaries of the microcrystalline C60 layer, resulting in expansion of the C60 layer and the wrinkled structure of the organic layers. From observation by electron microscopy, the mixed form of these two compounds near the interface was found to be suited to solar cells because the C60 and aromatic amine phases wedge each other in a direction normal to two electrodes. However, the annealing slightly lowered photovoltage of the solar cell. This effect was attributed to a partial contact of the C60 layer with a counter electrode through the aromatic amine layer.
Solution‐Processible Multi‐component Cyclometalated Iridium Phosphors for High‐Efficiency Orange‐Emitting OLEDs and Their Potential Use as White Light Sources
Authors: Ho C.‐L. , Wong W.‐Y. , Zhou G.‐J. , Yao B. , Xie Z. , Wang L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and photophysical studies of several multifunctional phosphorescent iridium(III) cyclometalated complexes consisting of the hole‐transporting carbazole and fluorene‐based 2‐phenylpyridine moieties are reported. All of them are isolated as thermally and morphological stable amorphous solids. Extension of the π‐conjugation through incorporation of electron‐pushing carbazole units to the fluorene fragment leads to bathochromic shifts in the emission profile, increases the highest occupied molecular orbital levels and improves the charge balance in the resulting complexes because of the propensity of the carbazole unit to facilitate hole transport. These iridium‐based triplet emitters give a strong orange phosphorescence light at room temperature with relatively short lifetimes in the solution phase. The photo‐ and electroluminescence properties of these phosphorescent carbazolylfluorene‐functionalized metalated complexes have been studied in terms of the coordinating position of carbazole to the fluorene unit. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) using these complexes as the solution‐processed emissive layers have been fabricated which show very high efficiencies even without the need for the typical hole‐transporting layer. These orange‐emitting devices can produce a maximum current efficiency of ∼ 30 cd A–1 corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of ∼ 10 % ph/el (photons per electron) and a power efficiency of ∼ 14 lm W–1. The homoleptic iridium phosphors generally outperform the heteroleptic counterparts in device performance. The potential of exploiting these orange phosphor dyes in the realization of white OLEDs is also discussed.
Highly Stable Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Nanotubes for Electrically Switched Ion Exchange
Authors: Chen W. , Xia X. H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) nanotubes are fabricated by an electrokinetic method based on the distinct surface properties of porous anodic alumina. By this method, nanotubes can be formed rapidly with the morphologies faithfully replicating the nanopores in the template. The prepared nanotubes were carefully characterized using SEM and TEM. Results from IR, UV, EDX, and electrochemical measurements show that the NiHCF nanotubes exist only in the form of K2Ni[Fe(CN)6]. Because of this single composition and unique nanostructure, NiHCF nanotubes show excellently stable cesium‐selective ion‐exchange ability. The capacity for electrodes modified with NiHCF nanotubes after 500 potential cycles retains 95.3 % of its initial value. Even after 1500 and 3000 cycles, the NiHCF nanotubes still retain 92.2 % and 82.9 %, respectively, of their ion‐exchange capacity.
Polyelectrolyte‐Clay‐Protein Layer Films on Microfluidic PDMS Bioreactor Surfaces for Primary Murine Bone Marrow Culture
Authors: Mehta G. , Kiel M. J. , Lee J. W. , Kotov N. , Linderman J. J. , Takayama S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPoly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microbioreactors with computerized perfusion controls would be useful for engineering the bone marrow microenvironment. However, previous efforts to grow primary bone marrow cells on PDMS substrates have not been successful due to the weak attachment of cells to the PDMS surface even with adsorption of cell adhesive proteins such as collagen or fibronectin. In this work, modification of the surface of PDMS with biofunctional multilayer coatings is shown to promote marrow cell attachment and spreading. An automated microfluidic perfusion system is used to create multiple types of polyelectrolyte nanoscale coatings simultaneously in multiple channels based on layer‐by‐layer deposition of PDDA (poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride)), clay, type IV collagen and fibronectin. Adherent primary bone marrow cells attached and spread best on a surface with composition of (PDDA/clay)5 (Collagen/Fibronectin)2 with negatively charged fibronectin exposed on the top, remaining well spread and proliferating for at least two weeks. Compared to traditional more macroscopic layer‐by‐layer methods, this microfluidic nanocomposite process has advantages of greater flow control, automatic processing, multiplexed fabrication, and use of lesser amounts of polymers and protein solutions.
Addressable Protein Patterning via Switchable Superhydrophobic Microarrays
Authors: Shiu J.‐Y. , Chen P. L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report on a simple process to create a switchable superhydrophobic surface where the water contact angle can be switched from a superhydrophobic state (ca. 167°) to a completely wetted state (< 10°). In the superhydrophobic state, the switchable superhydrophobic surface was resistant to the adsorption of proteins. However, once converted to a wetted state, the same surface promoted protein adsorption. We have developed a novel multicomponent protein‐patterning technique based on this unique property of the switchable superhydrophobic surface. It is demonstrated that up to 100 × 100 protein spots can be created within one second. Each element on the switchable superhydrophobic microarray can be addressed individually and different types of biomolecules can be selectively deposited on the microarray without losing their activity. When integrated with microfluidic channels, the switchable superhydrophobic surface allows the parallel patterning of protein molecules to be carried out without cross contamination.
A Novel Fluorene‐Triphenylamine Hybrid That is a Highly Efficient Host Material for Blue‐, Green‐, and Red‐Light‐Emitting Electrophosphorescent Devices
Authors: Shih P.‐I , Chien C.‐H. , Wu F.‐I. , Shu C.‐F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTFTPA (tris[4‐(9‐phenylfluoren‐9‐yl)phenyl]amine), a novel host material that contains a triphenylamine core and three 9‐phenyl‐9‐fluorenyl peripheries, was effectively synthesized through a Friedel‐Crafts‐type substitution reaction. Owing to the presence of its sterically bulky 9‐phenyl‐9‐fluorenyl groups, TFTPA exhibits a high glass transition temperature (186 °C) and is morphologically and electrochemically stable. In addition, as demonstrated from atomic force microscopy measurements, the aggregation of the triplet iridium dopant is significantly diminished in the TFTPA host, resulting in a highly efficient full‐color phosphorescence. The performance of TFTPA‐based devices is far superior to those of the corresponding mCP‐ or CBP‐based devices, particularly in blue‐ and red‐emitting electrophosphorescent device systems. The efficiency of the FIrpic‐based blue‐emitting device reached 12 % (26 cd A–1) and 18 lm W–1 at a practical brightness of 100 cd m–2; the Ir(piq)2acac‐based red‐emitting device exhibited an extremely low turn‐on voltage (2.6 V) and a threefold enhancement in device efficiency (9.0 lm W–1) relative to those of reference devices based on the CBP host material.
Arbitrarily Shaped Fiber Assemblies from Spun Carbon Nanotube Gel Fibers
Authors: Razal J. M. , Coleman J. N. , Muñoz E. , Lund B. , Gogotsi Y. , Ye H. , Collins S. , Dalton A. B. , Baughman R. H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractExperimental methods, apparatus, and practically useful theoretical analysis are provided for the coagulation‐based spinning of effectively unlimited lengths of carbon nanotube fibers having exceptional toughness and reasonably high strength. This spinning process fundamentally depends on the mechanical properties of intermediate gel state fibers, which we find are surprising elastic up to about 20 % strain and sufficiently strong for diverse processing methods. More specifically, we show that assemblies of these gel fibers can be used as intermediates for making nanotube sheets, large diameter fibers, and conformal coatings. When suitably processed, these composites (comprising many parallel solution‐spun nanotube fibers) have useful strength and extraordinary toughness.
Label‐Free and Self‐Signal Amplifying Molecular DNA Sensors Based on Bioconjugated Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Lee K. , Povlich L. K. , Kim J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHybrid bio/‐synthetic sensory conjugated polyelectrolytes were developed to achieve selective label‐free detection of target oligonucleotides with amplified fluorescence signal in solution. A completely water soluble and highly fluorescent conjugated poly(p‐phenyleneethynylene) (PPE) was rationally designed and synthesized as a signal amplifying unit and chemically modified with carboxylic functional groups at the ends of the polymer chains to bioconjugate with amine functionalized single‐stranded oligonucleotides as a receptor using carbodiimide chemistry. This approach allows the functional groups on the polymers to be effectively linked to DNA without any damage to the conjugated π‐system of the polymers. DNA detection results using the PPE‐DNA hybrid system confirmed large signal amplification by means of efficient Förster energy transfer from the energy harvesting PPE to the fluorescent dye attached to the complementary analyte DNA. To realize label‐free detection, we also connected a DNA molecular beacon to the newly developed conjugated polymer as a self‐signaling molecular switch. A DNA detection study by using the resulting PPE‐DNA beacon and single strand analyte DNAs showed not only signal‐amplification properties but also self‐signaling properties.
Characteristics of participants with self‐reported hemochromatosis or iron overload at HEIRS study initial screening
Authors: Barton James C. , Acton Ronald T. , Leiendecker‐Foster Catherine , Lovato Laura , Adams Paul C. , Eckfeldt John H. , McLaren Christine E. , Reiss Jacob A. , McLaren Gordon D. , Reboussin David M. , Gordeuk Victor R. , Speechley Mark R. , Press Richard D. , Dawkins Fitzroy W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThere are few descriptions of young adults with self‐reported hemochromatosis or iron overload (H/IO). We analyzed initial screening data in 7,343 HEmochromatosis and IRon Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study participants ages 25–29 years, including race/ethnicity and health information; transferrin saturation (TS) and ferritin (SF) measurements; andHFEC282Y and H63D genotypes. We used denaturing high‐pressure liquid chromatography and sequencing to detect mutations inHJV,TFR2,HAMP,SLC40A1, andFTL. Fifty‐one participants reported previous H/IO; 23 (45%) reported medical conditions associated with H/IO. Prevalences of reports of arthritis, diabetes, liver disease or liver cancer, heart failure, fertility problems or impotence, and blood relatives with H/IO were significantly greater in participants with previous H/IO reports than in those without. Only 7.8% of the 51 participants with previous H/IO reports had elevated TS; 13.7% had elevated SF. Only one participant had C282Y homozygosity. Three participants aged 25–29 years were heterozygous for potentially deleterious mutations inHFE2,TFR2, andHAMPpromoter, respectively. Prevalences of self‐reported conditions, screening iron phenotypes, and C282Y homozygosity were similar in 1,165 participants aged 30 years or greater who reported previous H/IO. We conclude that persons who report previous H/IO diagnoses in screening programs are unlikely to have H/IO phenotypes or genotypes. Previous H/IO reports in some participants could be explained by treatment that induced iron depletion before initial screening, misdiagnosis, or participant misunderstanding of their physician or the initial screening questionnaire. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Keipert syndrome (Nasodigitoacoustic syndrome) is X‐linked and maps to Xq22.2–Xq28
Authors: Amor David J. , Dahl Hans‐Henrik M. , Bahlo Melanie , Bankier Agnes 
Published: August 2007

AbstractKeipert syndrome is a rare condition comprising sensorineural deafness associated with facial and digital abnormalities. To date, Keipert syndrome has been reported in six male patients including two sib pairs; however the genetic basis of Keipert syndrome is yet to be elucidated. We report on the diagnosis of Keipert syndrome in the nephew of the brothers in the first report of Keipert syndrome, with a pedigree consistent with X‐linked recessive inheritance. Linkage analysis using microsatellite markers along the X‐chromosome suggests that the gene for Keipert syndrome is located in the region Xq22.2–Xq28. We postulate the Keipert syndrome is caused by a novel gene at Xq22.2–Xq28. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Social, emotional, and behavioral functioning of children with NF1
Authors: Noll Robert B. , Reiter‐Purtill Jennifer , Moore Bartlett D. , Schorry Elizabeth K. , Lovell Anne M. , Vannatta Kathryn , Gerhardt Cynthia A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChildren with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) can have varying degrees of cognitive impairment, and are at risk for social, emotional, and behavioral dysfunction. We undertook an evaluation of social, emotional, and behavioral functioning of youth with NF1 and peers from multiple perspectives. We hypothesized that children with NF1 would have more psychosocial difficulties, which would be positively associated with neurological involvement. We compared 58 children with NF1, ages 7–15, with comparison classroom peers, classmates who were same race/gender and closest date of birth. Peer relationships, emotional well‐being, and behavior were evaluated from multiple perspectives in multiple settings. Results showed that teachers perceived children with NF1 as more prosocial (i.e., polite, helpful to others). Teachers and peers viewed children with NF1 as displaying less leadership behavior and as more socially sensitive‐isolated (i.e., often left out, trouble making friends). Children with NF1 had fewer friendships and were less well liked by peers. Mothers and fathers reported more problems with social functioning among children with NF1. Few group differences in emotional well‐being and behavior were identified according to child and father report. However, mothers perceived children with NF1 to have more emotional problems relative to comparison peers, predominantly among older children. Neurological involvement was significantly related to psychosocial problems. We conclude that children with NF1 are frequently socially isolated and rejected by peers; and that greater neurological involvement is associated with more emotional problems. Central nervous system involvement appears to play a key role in identifying children at risk for problems with friendships, social acceptance, and emotional functioning (i.e., depression). © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors for isolated biliary atresia, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2002
Authors: The Natalie S. , Honein Margaret A. , Caton Alissa R. , Moore Cynthia A. , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Druschel Charlotte M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBiliary atresia is a rare birth defect that affects 1 in 12,000 to 1 in 19,500 live births. We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multistate case‐control study, to identify potential risk factors for isolated biliary atresia (no additional unrelated major birth defects diagnosed). Infants were identified from eight states from 1997 to 2002, with clinical information abstracted from medical records. Potential risk factors assessed include: demographic factors, seasonality, preterm birth, maternal smoking, maternal alcohol use, maternal illicit drug use, maternal health, maternal medication use, maternal vitamin use, and maternal nutrition. Infants of non‐Hispanic black mothers were more likely to have biliary atresia than infants of non‐Hispanic white mothers (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–4.93) and infants conceived during the spring season were more likely to have biliary atresia than infants conceived in winter (aOR = 2.33, 95%CI 1.05–5.16). Low intakes of vitamin E, copper, phosphorus, and beta tocopherol were associated with the occurrence of isolated biliary atresia (borderline significance). Low iron intake had a borderline inverse association with biliary atresia. While this analysis provides support for previous reports of a possible association between seasonal variation and the occurrence of biliary atresia, more data are needed to evaluate whether the seasonal variation is related to infectious agents. The role of nutrients in the development of biliary atresia remains unclear. Further studies of genetic, infectious, and nutrient exposures and the association of biliary atresia are warranted. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.