bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of post-operative delirium using an overnight infusion of dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a pragmatic, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Huet Olivier , Gargadennec Thomas , Oilleau Jean-Ferréol , Rozec Bertrand , Nesseler Nicolas , Bouglé Adrien , Kerforne Thomas , Lasocki Sigismond , Eljezi Vedat , Dessertaine Géraldine , Amour Julien , Chapalain Xavier ,   the EXACTUM and the Atlanrea Study Group, Le Gac Grégoire , Djavidi Nima , Rineau Emmanuel , Eddi Dauphou , Novak Emmanuel , Consigny Maëlys , Ashenoune Karim , Roquilly Antoine , Seguin Philippe , Dayot-Fitzellier Claire , Remerand Francis , Laffon Marc 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
After cardiac surgery, post-operative delirium (PoD) is acknowledged to have a significant negative impact on patient outcome. To date, there is no valuable and specific treatment for PoD. Critically ill patients often suffer from poor sleep condition. There is an association between delirium and sleep quality after cardiac surgery. This study aimed to establish whether promoting sleep using an overnight infusion of dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence of delirium after cardiac surgery.

Methods
Randomized, pragmatic, multicentre, double-blind, placebo controlled trial from January 2019 to July 2021. All adult patients aged 65 years or older requiring elective cardiac surgery were randomly assigned 1:1 either to the dexmedetomidine group or the placebo group on the day of surgery. Dexmedetomidine or matched placebo infusion was started the night after surgery from 8 pm to 8 am and administered every night while the patient remained in ICU, or for a maximum of 7 days. Primary outcome was the occurrence of postoperative delirium (PoD) within the 7 days after surgery.

Results
A total of 348 patients provided informed consent, of whom 333 were randomized: 331 patients underwent surgery and were analysed (165 assigned to dexmedetomidine and 166 assigned to placebo). The incidence of PoD was not significantly different between the two groups (12.6% vs. 12.4%, p = 0.97). Patients treated with dexmedetomidine had significantly more hypotensive events (7.3% vs 0.6%; p < 0.01). At 3 months, functional outcomes (Short-form 36, Cognitive failure questionnaire, PCL-5) were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion
In patients recovering from an elective cardiac surgery, an overnight infusion of dexmedetomidine did not decrease postoperative delirium.
Trial registration This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (number: NCT03477344; date: 26th March 2018).
Analyses of fin ray types to detect strontium markers in juvenile blunt-snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala
Authors: Zhu Yahua , Jiang Tao , Chen Xiubao , Liu Hongbo , Phelps Quinton , Yang Jian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Restocking by introducing hatchery-reared fish into wild habitats aids in the restoration of fishery aquatic ecosystems and reefs to increase the abundance of fish resources, restore the ecological balance of water bodies, and enhance ecosystem functioning. Accurately, rapidly, and effectively evaluating the success of restocking using chemical markers (e.g., strontium [Sr]) remains challenging for fisheries management. Consequently, for non-lethal fish sampling, hard tissues, such as fin rays, have received increasing attention as a target for marking method. However, data on the differences in marking different types of fin rays remain limited. Therefore, we exposed juvenile blunt snout bream individuals (Megalobrama amblycephala) to 0 (control group) or 800 mg/L of SrCl2·6H2O (marked group) for 5 days and transferred them into normal aerated water for post-immersion culture. We sampled their pectoral, dorsal, ventral, anal, and caudal fin rays. The Sr marks among the fin types were sampled at 0 and 20 days post-immersion and evaluated using an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) for the five-day Sr/Ca ratios, along with line transect and Sr mapping analyses.

Results
Sr marking signatures were observed in all fin types in the marked group, with a success rate of up to 100%. Although marking efficiency varied among the different fin ray types, the highest Sr/Ca ratios were most often detected in the dorsal fin. Cross-sectional Sr concentration maps of all fin rays sampled showed high-Sr domains in the marked group; in contrast, the entire cross-sections of the control group displayed low Sr contents, indicating successful marking efficiency.

Conclusions
Fin ray Sr marking is a successful method for juvenile M. amblycephala, with the advantages of non-lethality and negligible sampling injuries, facilitating the rapid and effective evaluation of Sr marking in restocking M. amblycephala.
Social studies teacher competencies in 2050: an e-Delphi study
Authors: Kizilgol Tugce Zehra , Kasapoglu Koray 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the input of 16 experts from a variety of social studies disciplines—including anthropology, art, communication, curriculum and instruction, economics, geography, history, law, measurement and assessment, philosophy, politics, psychology, social studies education, sociology, technology, and Turkish language and literature—as well as two social studies teachers, the goal of this research is to determine the competencies that a social studies teacher should possess in 2050. This mixed-method research was designed using the exploratory sequential design and modified Delphi technique. The study group was determined using the maximum variation sampling technique. The whole Delphi process was carried out online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analyses showed that the participants agreed on 1 competency under the “Knowledge” theme, 24 competencies under the “Skill” theme, and 6 competencies under the “Attitude” theme regarding the competencies that a social studies teacher should possess in 2050.
What methods are used to examine representation of mental ill-health on social media? A systematic review
Authors: Tudehope Lucy , Harris Neil , Vorage Lieke , Sofija Ernesta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere has been an increasing number of papers which explore the representation of mental health on social media using various social media platforms and methodologies. It is timely to review methodologies employed in this growing body of research in order to understand their strengths and weaknesses. This systematic literature review provides a comprehensive overview and evaluation of the methods used to investigate the representation of mental ill-health on social media, shedding light on the current state of this field. Seven databases were searched with keywords related to social media, mental health, and aspects of representation (e.g., trivialisation or stigma). Of the 36 studies which met inclusion criteria, the most frequently selected social media platforms for data collection were Twitter (n = 22, 61.1%), Sina Weibo (n = 5, 13.9%) and YouTube (n = 4, 11.1%). The vast majority of studies analysed social media data using manual content analysis (n = 24, 66.7%), with limited studies employing more contemporary data analysis techniques, such as machine learning (n = 5, 13.9%). Few studies analysed visual data (n = 7, 19.4%). To enable a more complete understanding of mental ill-health representation on social media, further research is needed focussing on popular and influential image and video-based platforms, moving beyond text-based data like Twitter. Future research in this field should also employ a combination of both manual and computer-assisted approaches for analysis.
Rationally introducing non-canonical amino acids to enhance catalytic activity of LmrR for Henry reaction
Authors: Wang Lan , Zhang Mengting , Teng Haidong , Wang Zhe , Wang Shulin , Li Pengcheng , Wu Jianping , Yang Lirong , Xu Gang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe use of enzymes to catalyze Henry reaction has advantages of mild reaction conditions and low contamination, but low enzyme activity of promiscuous catalysis limits its application. Here, rational design was first performed to identify the key amino acid residues in Henry reaction catalyzed by Lactococcal multidrug resistance Regulator (LmrR). Further, non-canonical amino acids were introduced into LmrR, successfully obtaining variants that enhanced the catalytic activity of LmrR. The best variant, V15CNF, showed a 184% increase in enzyme activity compared to the wild type, and was 1.92 times more effective than the optimal natural amino acid variant, V15F. Additionally, this variant had a broad substrate spectrum, capable of catalyzing reactions between various aromatic aldehydes and nitromethane, with product yielded ranging from 55 to 99%. This study improved enzymatic catalytic activity by enhancing affinity between the enzyme and substrates, while breaking limited types of natural amino acid residues by introducing non-canonical amino acids into the enzyme, providing strategies for molecular modifications.
Graphical Abstract
Flexible bronchoscopy insufflated and high-flow nasal oxygen pilot trial (BUFFALO protocol pilot trial)
Authors: Humphreys Susan , Schibler Andreas , Williams Tara , Spall Susan , Pham Trang , Atkins Tiffany , Goyal Vikas , Sommerfield David , Sommerfield Aine , Keys Adam , Hauser Neil , von Ungern-Sternberg Britta S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Hypoxaemia occurs in approximately 30% of children during anaesthesia for flexible bronchoscopy. High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) can prolong safe apnoea time and be used in children with abnormal airways. During flexible bronchoscopy, there is limited evidence if HFNO confers advantages over current standard practice in avoiding hypoxaemia. The aim is to investigate feasibility of HFNO use during anaesthesia for flexible bronchoscopy to reduce frequency of rescue oxygenation and hypoxaemia.

Methods
BUFFALO is a bi-centre, unmasked, randomised controlled, parallel group, protocol for a pilot trial comparing HFNO techniques to standard practice during anaesthesia. Children (n = 81) aged > 37 weeks to 16 years presenting for elective bronchoscopy who fulfil inclusion but not exclusion criteria will be randomised prior to the procedure to HFNO or standard care oxygenation post induction of anaesthesia. Maintenance of anaesthesia with HFNO requires total venous anaesthesia (TIVA) and with standard, either inhalational or TIVA at discretion of anaesthetist in charge of the patient. Outcomes will include the feasibility of recruitment and adherence to trial procedures, acceptability of the intervention of the protocol and completion rates of data collection methods.

Discussion
Findings of this trial will determine feasibility to plan for a larger multicentre randomised clinical trial and support the feasibility of the proposed study procedures.

Trial registration
BUFFALO trial was registered with Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (TRN12621001635853) on 29 November 2021 and commenced recruitment in May 2022. https://www.anzctr.org.au/. The primary manuscript will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Mediating effect of firm efficiency on the controlling shareholdings–firm performance nexus: evidence from public listed firms in Malaysia
Authors: Ting Irene Wei Kiong , Asif Jawad , Kweh Qian Long , Phuong Tran Thi Kim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines how controlling shareholders influence firm performance through the mediating role of firm efficiency in transforming inputs into outputs. To achieve this objective, it conducts a mediation analysis with 5,000 bootstraps on a dataset of 2,849 firm-year observations of publicly listed firms in Malaysia from 2009 to 2019. The findings reveal a positive relationship between controlling shareholdings and firm performance, with both total and indirect effects having this positive relationship. Moreover, while controlling shareholdings improve firm performance, firm efficiency partially mediates this relationship. Thus, improved firm efficiency plays a critical role in understanding the relationship between governance by controlling shareholders and enhanced firm performance. In summary, this study contributes to the existing literature by expanding our understanding of the complex relationship between controlling shareholdings, firm efficiency, and firm performance. In addition, the findings shed light on the importance of indirect channels in shaping organizational outcomes. As such, this study provides a valuable direction for future research in this area.
Association between Impella device support and elevated rates of gout flares: a retrospective propensity-matched study
Authors: Sinclair De Frías Jorge , Isha Shahin , Olivero Lorenzo , Raavi Lekhya , Narra Sai Abhishek , Paghdar Smit , Jonna Sadhana , Satashia Parthkumar , Hannon Rachel , Blasavage Jessica , White Layton , Olanipekun Titilope , Bansal Pankaj , Kiley Sean , Leoni Juan Carlos , Nativí Jose , Lyle Melissa , Thomas Mathew , Sareyyupoglu Basar , Pham Si , Smith Michael , Moreno Franco Pablo , Patel Parag , Sanghavi Devang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Impella is an advanced ventricular assist device frequently used as a bridge to heart transplantation. The association of Impella with increased rates of gout flares has not been studied. Our primary aim is to determine the rates of gout flares in patients on Impella support.

Methodology
A retrospective study was conducted between January 2017 and September 2022 involving all patients who underwent heart transplantation. The cohort was divided into two groups based on Impella support for statistical analysis. In patients receiving Impella support, outcome measures were compared based on the development of gout flares. 1:1 nearest neighbor propensity match, as well as inverse propensity of treatment weighted analyses, were performed to explore the causal relationship between impella use and gout flare in our study population.

Results
Our analysis included 213 patients, among which 42 (19.71%) patients were supported by Impella. Impella and non-Impella groups had similar age, race, and BMI, but more males were in the Impella group. Gout and chronic kidney disease were more prevalent in Impella-supported patients, while coronary artery disease was less common. The prevalence of gout flare was significantly higher in Impella patients (30.9% vs. 5.3%). 42 Impella-supported patients were matched with 42 patients from the non-impella group upon performing a 1:1 propensity matching. Impella-supported patients were noted to have a significantly higher risk of gout flare (30.9% vs. 7.1%, SMD = 0.636), despite no significant difference in pre-existing gout history and use of anti-gout medications. Impella use was associated with a significantly increased risk of gout flare in unadjusted (OR 8.07), propensity-matched (OR 5.83), and the inverse propensity of treatment-weighted analysis (OR 4.21).

Conclusion
Our study is the first to identify the potential association between Impella support and increased rates of gout flares in hospitalized patients. Future studies are required to confirm this association and further elucidate the biological pathways. It is imperative to consider introducing appropriate measures to prevent and promptly manage gout flares in Impella-supported patients.
State-of-the-art non-destructive approaches for maturity index determination in fruits and vegetables: principles, applications, and future directions
Authors: Anjali  , Jena Ankita , Bamola Ayushi , Mishra Sadhna , Jain Ishika , Pathak Nandini , Sharma Nishita , Joshi Nitiksha , Pandey Renu , Kaparwal Shakshi , Yadav Vinay , Gupta Arun Kumar , Jha Avinash Kumar , Bhatt Saurav , Kumar Vijay , Naik Bindu , Rustagi Sarvesh , Preet Manpreet Singh , Akhtar Saamir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in signal processing and computational power have revolutionized computer vision applications in diverse industries such as agriculture, food processing, biomedical, and the military. These developments are propelling efforts to automate processes and enhance efficiency. Notably, computational techniques are replacing labor-intensive manual methods for assessing the maturity indices of fruits and vegetables during critical growth stages.This review paper focuses on recent advancements in computer vision techniques specifically applied to determine the maturity indices of fruits and vegetables within the food processing sector. It highlights successful applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR), thermal imaging, and image scanning. By examining these techniques, their underlying principles, and practical feasibility, it offers valuable insights into their effectiveness and potential widespread adoption. Additionally, integrating biosensors and AI techniques further improves accuracy and efficiency in maturity index determination.In summary, this review underscores the significant role of computational techniques in advancing maturity index assessment and provides insights into their principles and effective utilization. Looking ahead, the future of computer vision techniques holds immense potential. Collaborative efforts among experts from various fields will be crucial to address challenges, ensure standardization, and safeguard data privacy. Embracing these advancements can lead to sustainable practices, optimized resource management, and progress across industries.
Graphical Abstract
cxsAssociation study between single nucleotide polymorphism in thrombospondins THBS1 gene and THBS2 gene and coronary artery disease in Indian population
Authors: Eba Ale , Raza Syed Tasleem , Wani Irshad A. , Siddiqi Zeba , Abbas Mohammad , Srivastava Sanchita , Mahdi Farzana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex medical condition characterized by atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in coronary arteries, leading to narrowed blood vessels and impaired blood flow. Endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and various risk factors contribute to CAD development. Matricellular proteins, including thrombospondins (THBS), play crucial roles in vascular processes and cardiac function.

Methods
A case–control study was conducted among 296 participants from Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, India, to investigate genetic variations in THBS1 (N700S) and THBS2 (3′ UTR T → G) in relation to CAD. Genomic DNA was isolated, and PCR–RFLP was employed for genotyping. Clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.

Results
The study revealed that age, serum cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, and LDL were significantly associated with CAD in the Indian population. However, no statistically significant associations were found between triglyceride and serum creatinine levels, as well as the studied THBS1 and THBS2 genetic polymorphisms, and CAD. The analysis of genotypic and allelic frequencies did not indicate significant associations with CAD risk.

Conclusions
This study suggests that specific genetic variations in THBS1 and THBS2 may not be strongly linked to the development or risk of CAD in the studied Indian population. The associations observed between age, lipid profiles, and CAD highlight the multifactorial nature of CAD susceptibility. Further research with larger sample sizes and diverse populations is warranted to validate these findings and explore additional genetic factors contributing to CAD in specific populations.
Penile Cancer Mortality in Brazil: Are We Making Progress?
Authors: Mourão Thiago Camelo , Beraldi Artur Agostinho , Fernandes Gisele Aparecida , Pinto Neto Plínio Ramos , Batista Rafael Valente , Nobre Jayme Quirino Caon , Curado Maria Paula , Zequi Stênio de Cássio 
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE This study aims to analyze the trends in mortality rates from penile cancer (PeC) and the treatment modalities adopted in Brazil over recent years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Death records for PeC cases (International Classification of Diseases, version 10 C60) and treatment modalities were extracted from the DATASUS database. A joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to examine the data. RESULTS A total of 7,848 deaths due to PeC were recorded in Brazil between 1996 and 2020. Increasing mortality trends were observed, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 0.91 (0.6-1.2; P < .001). The North and Northeast regions had the highest age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and AAPCs. From 2008 to 2020, the ASMR in the Northeast region remained stable, whereas the North region surpassed it. The Southeast region exhibited a significant downward trend, with an AAPC of –0.91 (–1.3 to -0.5; P < .001). Penile biopsies declined and were more frequent in the southeastern region. A total of 8,498 penile amputations were performed, with 39.4% and 29.1% conducted in the Southeast and Northeast regions, respectively. CONCLUSION Brazil has experienced increasing mortality trends in PeC over the past 2 decades. Low schooling, married, and young men from the North or Northeast regions represent the majority of deaths. Urgent efforts are needed to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of PeC to prevent and reduce mortality rates in the country.
Trends in Anticoagulant Utilization and Clinical Outcomes for Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: A Multicenter Cohort Study in Thailand's Upper-Middle–Income Country Setting
Authors: Kengkla Kirati , Nathisuwan Surakit , Sripakdee Warunsuda , Saelue Pirun , Sengnoo Kwanruethai , Sookprasert Aumkhae , Subongkot Suphat 
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE To evaluate anticoagulant trends and clinical outcomes in the management of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) within Thailand, an upper-middle–income country (UMIC). METHODS This multicenter retrospective cohort study included adult patients with cancer diagnosed with venous thromboembolism (VTE) hospitalized in Thailand from 2017 to 2021. Anticoagulants were classified as low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), and warfarin. Prescription trends were assessed, and patients were followed for 1 year, or until 2022 to evaluate outcomes. The primary effectiveness outcome was recurrent VTE, whereas the primary safety outcome was major bleeding. Secondary outcomes included net clinical benefit and all-cause mortality. Treatment effects were examined using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Among 1,611 patients (61.3% female; mean age, 58.8 years; standard deviation, 13.1 years), 86% received LMWH, 10% warfarin, and 4% DOACs. In the study cohort, LMWH prescriptions remained consistent, warfarin use declined, and DOAC prescriptions notably increased. In IPTW analysis, DOACs showed comparable rates of VTE recurrence (weighted hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.22 to 2.70]; P = .679) and major bleeding (weighted HR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.15 to 2.55]; P = .506) with LMWH. Warfarin had a higher risk of major bleeding (weighted HR, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.12 to 6.72]; P = .028) but a similar rate of VTE recurrence (weighted HR, 1.46 [95% CI, 0.75 to 2.84]; P = .271) compared with LMWH. Secondary outcomes were consistent across groups. CONCLUSION LMWH remains the primary treatment for CAT, in line with current guidelines. The study highlights the challenges faced in these settings with the continuous use of warfarin. The comparable efficacy and safety of DOACs with LMWH suggest a potential shift in CAT management within UMICs.