bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbonic anhydrase‐related protein VIII promotes colon cancer cell growth
Authors: Nishikata Makoto , Nishimori Isao , Taniuchi Keisuke , Takeuchi Tamotsu , Minakuchi Tomoko , Kohsaki Takuhiro , Adachi Yoshihiro , Ohtsuki Yuji , Onishi Saburo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIncreased expression of carbonic anhydrase‐related protein (CA‐RP) VIII has previously been shown in colorectal carcinoma. Since CA‐RP has no catalytic carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, the present study attempted to elucidate its biological significance in colon cancer cells. From a colon cancer cell line (LoVo), we established clones that overexpressed CA‐RP VIII (LoVo‐CA8) and a control transfectant with a vector alone (LoVo‐pCIneo) and studied alterations in the biological behaviors of the tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. LoVo‐CA8 cells showed significantly increased mRNA and protein expressions of CA‐RP VIII as compared to LoVo‐pCIneo cells. Cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell invasion assays showed that LoVo‐CA8 cells had significantly higher cell proliferative and invasive abilities as compared to parental LoVo and LoVo‐pCIneo cells in vitro. In an in vivo xenograft assay, LoVo‐CA8 cells showed a higher tumor growth rate than parental LoVo cells. Further, small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐mediated knockdown of CA‐RP VIII revealed significant inhibition in cell proliferation and colony formation of a colon cancer cell line HCT116, which showed high endogenous expression of CA‐RP VIII. These findings indicated that CA‐RP VIII plays a role in the growth of colon cancer cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure‐activity relationship of flavonoids for inhibition of epidermal growth factor‐induced transformation of JB6 Cl 41 cells
Authors: Ichimatsu Daisuke , Nomura Masaaki , Nakamura Seiji , Moritani Shuzo , Yokogawa Koichi , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Nishioka Tatsuo , Miyamoto Ken‐ichi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe found that quercetin, myricetin, quercetagetin, fisetin, (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and theaflavins, among 24 flavonoids examined, markedly inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐induced cell transformation of mouse epidermal JB6 Cl 41 cells. The six flavonoids suppressed the EGF‐induced activation of activator protein 1 (AP‐1). In addition, myricetin, quercetagetin, EGCG, and theaflavins directly inhibited EGF‐induced phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) activation. The important structural features of flavonoids for cell transformation‐inhibitory activity are 3′‐ and 4′‐OH on the B‐ring, 3‐OH on the C‐ring, C2C3 double bond in the C‐ring, and the phenylchromone (C6C5C6) skeleton in the flavonols, and the galloyl group in EGCG and theaflavins. Our results provide new insight into possible mechanisms of the anti‐carcinogenic effects of flavonoids, and could help to provide a basis for the design of novel cancer chemopreventive agents. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inactivation of MAPK affects centrosome assembly, but not actin filament assembly, in mouse oocytes maturing in vitro
Authors: Lee Seung‐Eun , Kim Ji‐Hoi , Kim Nam‐Hyung 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays a crucial role in meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes. In order to understand the mechanism by which MAPK regulates meiotic maturation, we examined the effects of the MAPK pathway inhibitor U0126 on microtubule organization, γ‐tubulin and nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA) distribution, and actin filament assembly in mouse oocytes maturing in vitro. Western blotting with antibodies that detect active, phosphorylated MAPK revealed that MAPK was inactive in fully grown germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes. Phosphorylated MAPK was first detected 3 hr after the initiation of maturation cultures, was fully active at 6 hr, and remained active until metaphase II. Treatment of GV stage oocytes with 20 µM U0126 completely blocked MAPK phosphorylation, but did not affect GV breakdown (GVBD). However, the oocytes did not progress to the Metaphase I stage, which would normally occur after 9 hr in the maturation cultures. The inhibition of MAPK resulted in abnormal spindles and abnormal distributions of γ‐tubulin and NuMA, but did not affect actin filament assembly. In oocytes treated with U0126 after GVBD, polar body extrusion was normal, but the organization of the metaphase plate and chromosome segregation were abnormal. In conclusion, the meiotic abnormalities caused by U0126, a specific inhibitor of MAPK signaling, indicate that MAPK plays an important regulatory role in microtubule and centrosome assembly, but not actin filament assembly. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 904–911, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of eccentric exercise on position sense and joint reaction angle of the lower limbs
Authors: Paschalis V. , Nikolaidis M. G. , Giakas G. , Jamurtas A. Z. , Pappas A. , Koutedakis Y. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractImpaired position sense and impaired joint reaction angle of the lower limbs after muscle‐damaging activities is a serious functional limitation that may lead to an increased risk of injury, particularly in older populations. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether position sense and joint reaction angle to release can be affected by eccentric exercise–induced muscle damage. Twelve women underwent an isokinetic exercise session of the lower limb. Isometric peak torque, delayed‐onset muscle soreness, serum creatine kinase, position sense, and knee joint reaction angle to release were examined before, immediately after, and 24, 48, and 72 h post‐exercise. Due to the effect of eccentric exercise, subjects persistently placed their lower limb at a more extended position, representing a shorter knee extensor muscle. Eccentric exercise increased the knee reaction angle of the lower limb after release from 0° and 15° but not from 30° and 45°. Position sense and joint reaction to release were similarly affected by eccentric exercise and independently of visual feedback. Position sense was impaired only immediately post‐exercise (probably due to muscle fatigue), whereas impairment of the reaction angle to release persisted up to 3 days post‐exercise (probably due to muscle damage). Attenuation of position sense and joint reaction angle of the lower limbs after damaging activities is a serious functional limitation that may lead to an increase risk of injury, particularly in older populations. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Time course of axonal regeneration in acute motor axonal neuropathy
Authors: Tamura Noriko , Kuwabara Satoshi , Misawa Sonoko , Kanai Kazuaki , Nakata Miho , Sawai Setsu , Mori Masahiro , Hattori Takamichi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPatients with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) generally recover well. We reviewed clinical and electrophysiologic recovery in 13 patients for up to 5 years. Twelve patients showed rapid recovery over 12 months, whereas in the remaining one the recovery was slow and incomplete at 5 years. In AMAN, axonal degeneration appears to develop predominantly in the motor nerve terminals, and only occasionally more proximally in the nerve roots. Nerve terminal degeneration–regeneration presumably provides a mechanism for good recovery. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Motor cortex abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with transcranial direct‐current stimulation
Authors: Quartarone Angelo , Lang Nicolas , Rizzo Vincenzo , Bagnato Sergio , Morgante Francesca , Sant'Angelo Antonino , Crupi Domenica , Battaglia Fortunato , Messina Corrado , Girlanda Paolo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify a neurophysiological marker of upper motoneuron involvement in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). For this purpose we evaluated the after‐effects of transcranial direct‐current stimulation (tDCS) on excitability of the motor cortex of eight ALS patients and eight healthy controls. Healthy controls showed a transient polarity‐specific change in corticospinal excitability of about ±45%, with anodal tDCS inducing facilitation and cathodal tDCS leading to inhibition, whereas no change could be induced in ALS patients after either type of tDCS. It is likely that the lack of tDCS after‐effects in ALS is the result of alterations of the motoneuronal membrane or, alternatively, may represent an electrophysiological correlate of disordered glutamate neurotransmission. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results. The present findings may lead to a new, reliable electrophysiological marker of upper motoneuronal involvement in ALS. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin are required for prostate regeneration
Authors: Wang Gui‐min , Kovalenko Bruce , Huang Yili , Moscatelli David 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe regulation of the prostate size by androgens may be partly the result of androgen effects on the prostatic vasculature. We examined the effect of changes in androgen levels on the expression of a variety of angiogenic factors in the mouse prostate and determined if vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A and the angiopoietins are involved in the vascular response to androgens.METHODSExpression of angiogenic factors in prostate was quantitated using real‐time PCR at different times after castration and after administration of testosterone to castrated mice. Angiopoietins were localized in prostate by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The roles of VEGF and the angiopoietins in regeneration of the prostate were examined in mice inoculated with cells expressing soluble VEGF receptor‐2 or soluble Tie‐2.RESULTSCastration resulted in a decrease in VEGF‐A, VEGF‐B, VEGF‐C, placenta growth factor, FGF‐2, and FGF‐8 expression after 1 day. In contrast, VEGF‐D mRNA levels increased. No changes in angiopoietin‐1 (Ang‐1), angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2), hepatocyte growth factor, VEGF receptor‐1, VEGF receptor‐2, or tie‐2 mRNA levels were observed. Administration of testosterone to castrated mice had the opposite effect on expression of these angiogenic factors. Ang‐2 was expressed predominately in prostate epithelial cells whereas Ang‐1 was expressed in epithelium and smooth muscle. Inoculation of mice with cells expressing soluble VEGF receptor‐2 or Tie‐2 blocked the increase in vascular density normally observed after administration of testosterone to castrated mice. The soluble receptors also blocked the increase in prostate weight and proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells.CONCLUSIONVEGF‐A and angiopoietins are required for the vascular response to androgens and for the ability of the prostate to regenerate in response to androgens. Prostate 67: 485–499, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate‐derived factor as a paracrine and autocrine factor for the proliferation of androgen receptor‐positive human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Chen Siu‐Ju , Karan Dev , Johansson Sonny L. , Lin Fen‐Fen , Zeckser Jeffrey , Singh Ajay P. , Batra Surinder K. , Lin Ming‐Fong 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe expression of prostate‐derived factor (PDF) is significantly elevated in human prostate tumors. We investigate the functional role and signaling of PDF in androgen receptor (AR)‐positive human prostate cancer cells.METHODSTransient or stable expression of PDF by cDNA transfection, antisense‐mediated gene silencing, media conditioned by PDF‐elevated cells, and antibody (Ab) neutralization were employed.RESULTSElevated endogenous and exogenous expression of PDF and treatment of PDF‐enriched media were associated with increased proliferation and clonogenic growth of the cells. On the contrary, knockdown of PDF or addition of PDF neutralizing Ab resulted in diminished proliferation and reduced anchorage‐independent growth. Further, ERK1/2 and p90RSK, but not Smad2/3, were activated in PDF‐elevated cells as well as in cells treated with PDF‐enriched media, while inhibition of ERK1/2 decreased the growth of those cells.CONCLUSIONPDF promotes AR‐positive prostate tumor progression through upregulating cell proliferation via ERK1/2 signal pathway. Prostate 67: 557–571, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Equivalence of information from single frequency v. bioimpedance spectroscopy in bodybuilders
Authors: Piccoli Antonio , Pastori Giordano , Codognotto Marta , Paoli Antonio 
Published: January 2007

In bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS), it is assumed that the current path is only extracellular at the lowest frequencies and that it is both extra- and intracellular at the highest frequencies. We tested validity of BIS assumptions in bodybuilders who have an increased intracellular volume due to hypertrophy of muscle fibres. The study was observational cross-sectional in a study group of thirty professional bodybuilders compared with thirty control subjects. Resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) vector components fitting the Cole's arc with BIS (SFB3 analyser) were compared with components at 50 kHz frequency. The average Cole's arc in bodybuilders was significantly smaller and shifted to the left in the R–Xc plane (both R and Xc values were smaller at any individual frequency). The ratio of Xc at 5 kHz and Xc at the characteristic frequency was 70 % in bodybuilders and 64 % in control subjects, indicating a huge intracellular flow of the electric current at low frequencies in both groups (expected ratio close to 0 if the current path was extracellular). As a consequence of a common path, the correlation coefficient between R values at 50 kHz and at other frequencies (from 0 to infinity) was 0·94 to 1·00. The correlation between total body water estimated with BIS or with R at 50 kHz was 0·98. Hence, there was equivalence between information provided by the vector components R and Xc at 50 kHz and that provided by 496 correlated vectors that were measured with BIS.
Predictors and dietary consequences of frequent intake of high-sugar, low-nutrient foods in 1-year-old children participating in the ABIS study
Authors: Brekke Hilde K. , van Odijk Jenny , Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: January 2007

Foods rich in sugar have been suggested to contribute to the increasing prevalence of obesity in children. The aim of this report is to investigate the dietary pattern in 1-year-old children who frequently receive foods rich in sugar but low in nutrients and to study associated demographic and parental factors. During 1977–9, 21 700 infants were invited to participate in this prospective, population-based, longitudinal cohort study. Screening questionnaires were completed for 16 070 infants after delivery. Follow-up questionnaires from 10 762 children at 1 year of age are included in the analysis. It was found that 24 % of the children received sweets/pastries more often than one or two times per week. They had a higher intake of French fries, potato crisps and cream as well as a lower intake of fruit and vegetables. A frequent intake of sugar-rich, low-nutrient foods was significantly associated with several maternal factors (high intake of sweets/pastries during pregnancy, young age, mother living alone) as well as presence of older siblings. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal overweight were of borderline significance. Parental education level was inversely associated with the frequency of intake of sweets/pastries in the child. Children who frequently receive sweets/pastries also have an otherwise unfavourable dietary pattern. Several parental and demographic factors were associated with this feeding pattern, especially high intake of sweets/pastries during pregnancy. Screening of pregnant women for risk predictors like consumption of sweets/pastries, young age and smoking could be possible ways of identifying children at future risk for low dietary quality.
Two high-amylose maize starches with different amounts of resistant starch vary in their effects on fermentation, tissue and digesta mass accretion, and bacterial populations in the large bowel of pigs
Authors: Bird Anthony R. , Vuaran Michelle , Brown Ian , Topping David L. 
Published: January 2007

Four groups of young pigs (n6) were fed a diet containing 50 % maize starch as either a highly digestible waxy starch (control; 0 % amylose) or one of three resistant starch (RS) diets, namely a high-amylose maize starch (HAMS; 85 % amylose), this starch subjected to hydrothermal treatment (HTHAMS; 85 % amylose), or a blend of HAMS and HTHAMS included in equal amounts, for 21 d. Food intake and live weight at the end of the study were similar among the four groups. Ileal starch digestibility was lower in pigs fed the three RS diets but was greater for HAMS (88 %) than for HTHAMS (70 %;P < 0·05). Faecal output and large bowel digesta mass, and concentrations and pools of individual and total SCFA were higher (by about two- to threefold; allP < 0·05) and digesta pH lower (by about 1 unit, allP < 0·001) in pigs fed either HAMS or HTHAMS compared to the controls. These differences in biomarkers were seen along the length of the large bowel. Colon length was 0·5–0·9 m longer (19–35 %) in pigs fed the high-RS diets relative to those fed the highly digestible starch diet (P < 0·05). Faecal and proximal colonic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria numbers were higher (by 1 and 3 log units;P < 0·05) in pigs fed the HAMS or HTHAMS diets. Although both high-amylose starches promoted fermentation throughout the large bowel, the data suggest that the effects of HTHAMS may be more pronounced in the distal region compared to those of HAMS.
Does zinc deficiency play a role in stunting among primary school children in NE Thailand?
Authors: Gibson Rosalind S. , Manger Mari Skar , Krittaphol Woravimol , Pongcharoen Tippawan , Gowachirapant Sueppong , Bailey Karl B. , Winichagoon Pattanee 
Published: January 2007

Stunting in school-age years may result in a decrease in adult size, and thus reduced work capacity and adverse reproductive outcomes. We have compared the mean intakes of energy, protein and selected growth-limiting nutrients in fifty-eight stunted children and 172 non-stunted controls drawn from 567 children aged 6–13 years attending ten rural schools in NE Thailand. Control children were selected randomly after stratifying children by age in each school. Dietary data were calculated from 24-h recalls using nutrient values from Thai food composition data and chemical analysis. Inter-relationships between stunting and sociodemographic, anthropometric and biochemical variables were also examined. Biochemical variables investigated were serum albumin, zinc, ferritin, transferrin receptor and retinol, and iodine in casual urine samples. Significantly more males than females were stunted (males,n38, 65·5 %v.females,n20, 34·5 %;P = 0·025). Stunted males had lower mean intakes of energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus and zinc, and a lower mean (95 % CI) serum zinc (9·19 (8·53, 9·84)v. 9·70 (8·53, 9·29) μmol/l) than non-stunted males; no other biochemical differences were noted. Stunted males also had a lower mean arm muscle area (P = 0·015), after adjusting for age, than non-stunted males. In conclusion, the lower dietary intakes of the stunted males compared to their non-stunted counterparts may be associated with anorexia and hypogeusia induced by zinc deficiency. Hence, zinc deficiency may be a factor limiting linear growth, especially among boys in NE Thailand, but more research is needed to establish whether other factors also play a role.
Comparative analysis of sesame lignans (sesamin and sesamolin) in affecting hepatic fatty acid metabolism in rats
Authors: Lim Jin Seon , Adachi Yoshikazu , Takahashi Yoko , Ide Takashi 
Published: January 2007

Effects of sesamin and sesamolin (sesame lignans) on hepatic fatty acid metabolism were compared in rats. Rats were fed either a lignan-free diet, a diet containing 0·6 or 2 g/kg lignan (sesamin or sesamolin), or a diet containing both sesamin (1·4 g/kg) and sesamolin (0·6 g/kg), for 10 d. Sesamin and sesamolin dose-dependently increased the activity and mRNA abundance of various enzymes involved in hepatic fatty acid oxidation. The increase was much greater with sesamolin than with sesamin. These lignans increased parameters of hepatic fatty acid oxidation in an additive manner when added simultaneously to an experimental diet. In contrast, they decreased the activity and mRNA abundance of hepatic lipogenic enzymes despite dose-dependent effects not being necessarily obvious. Sesamin and sesamolin were equally effective in lowering parameters of lipogenesis. Sesamolin accumulated in serum at 33- and 46-fold the level of sesamin at dietary concentrations of 0·6 and 2 g/kg, respectively. The amount of sesamolin accumulated in liver was 10- and 7-fold that of sesamin at the respective dietary levels. Sesamolin rather than sesamin can account for the potent physiological effect of sesame seeds in increasing hepatic fatty acid oxidation observed previously. Differences in bio-availability may contribute to the divergent effects of sesamin and sesamolin on hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Sesamin compared to sesamolin was more effective in reducing serum and liver lipid levels despite sesamolin more strongly increasing hepatic fatty acid oxidation.
Dietarytrans10,cis12-conjugated linoleic acid reduces the expression of fatty acid oxidation and drug detoxification enzymes in mouse liver
Authors: Rasooly Reuven , Kelley Darshan S. , Greg Jeff , Mackey Bruce E. 
Published: January 2007

Mice fed diets containingtrans10,cis12 (t10, c12)-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) develop fatty livers and the role of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes in this development is not well defined. We examined the effects of dietarycis9,trans11-CLA (c9, t11-CLA) and t10, c12-CLA on the expression of hepatic genes for fatty acid metabolism. Female mice, 8 weeks old, (six animals per group) were fed either a control diet or diets supplemented with 0·5 % c9, t11- or t10, c12-CLA for 8 weeks. DNA microarray analysis showed that t10, c12-CLA increased the expression of 278 hepatic genes and decreased those of 121 genes (>2-fold); c9, t11-CLA increased expression of twenty-two genes and decreased those of nine. Real-time PCR confirmed that t10, c12-CLA reduced by the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes including flavin monooxygenase (FMO)-3 95 %, cytochrome P450 (cyt P450) 69 %, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a 77 %, acetyl CoA oxidase (ACOX) 50 % and PPARα 65 %; it increased the expression of fatty acid synthase by 3·5-fold (P < 0·05 for all genes, except ACOXP = 0·08). It also reduced the enzymatic activity of hepatic microsomal FMO by 40 % and the FMO3 specific protein by 67 %. c9, t11-CLA reduced FMO3 and cyt P450 expression by 61 % (P = 0·001) and 38 % (P = 0·06) and increased steoryl CoA desaturase transcription by 5·9-fold (P = 0·07). Both decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased fatty acid synthesis seem to contribute to the CLA-induced fatty liver. Since FMO and cyt P450 are also involved in drug detoxification, suppression of the transcription of these genes by CLA may have other health consequences besides development of fatty liver.