bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Enforcement to Deter Illegal Angling Harvest of Northern Pike in Alberta
Authors: Walker Jordan R. , Foote Lee , Sullivan Michael G. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
We studied anglers' perceptions of an enhanced enforcement strategy and the effects of this strategy on the illegal harvest of northern pike Esox lucius at recreational fisheries in Alberta. The strategy was designed by Alberta enforcement officers and consisted of varying patrol frequency and strongly worded warning posters. Monitoring effects of this strategy at nine popular Alberta lakes during 2001 and 2002 showed that intensive patrol events did not change anglers' perceptions of enforcement. Anglers' perceptions of detection (i.e., certainty of punishment) increased with enforcement effort, but not with the use of warning posters. Anglers' perceptions of penalties (i.e., severity of punishment) increased with the use of signs, but not with increased patrol effort. We observed a tendency toward reduced illegal harvest at lakes where anglers perceived high deterrence (defined as the product of certainty and severity of punishment), although anglers consistently overestimated the actual risks of detection. Anglers perceived that the chance of detection increased as enforcement effort increased, with an asymptotic maximum perception when officers contacted more than 3% of anglers. These results suggest that officer efficiency in deterring anglers' illegal behavior at these lakes is optimized by applying no more than this level of enforcement effort.
Swimming Performance of Sacramento Splittail Injected with Subcutaneous Marking Agents
Authors: Sutphin Zachary A. , Myrick Christopher A. , Brandt Mandi M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Mark–recapture studies are often used at fish-screening facilities near water diversions, such as those in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, to quantify fish salvage efficiency. The accuracy of these salvage estimates and subsequent facility operational criteria are highly dependent on unbiased mark–recapture estimates. Marking techniques and agents that produce reduced swimming performance in marked fish could result in inaccurate estimates of fish salvage and facility efficiency. Two of the most commonly used marking agents and techniques for experimental purposes at these screening facilities are the subcutaneous injection of visual implant elastomers using a hypodermic needle and the subcutaneous injection of fluorescent latex microsphere solutions using a CO2-powered pneumatic marking gun. We tested the effects of these marking agents and techniques on the critical swimming velocity (Ucrit) of age-1 Sacramento splittail Pogonichthys macrolepidotus (mean ± SE total length = 9.9 ± 0.6 cm, wet weight = 9.1 ± 1.8 g), which were marked in the caudal peduncle or caudal fin. Absolute Ucrit (64.8 ± 5.2 cm/s) and relative Ucrit (7.0 ± 1.1 body lengths/s) were unaffected by marking technique or marking agent (2-way ANOVA). Our results suggest that the tested marking agents and techniques are suitable for use in mark–recapture studies because they are unlikely to affect the capture probability of fish through reductions in swimming performance.
Les verba dicendi dans la presse d'information
Authors: Monville-Burston Monique 
Published: November 2007

3. M. Monville-Burston, « Verba dicendi in the newspaper press »
Following the example set by A. Wierzbicka's English speech act verbs : A semantic dictionary (1988), the author explores on a more modest scale the area of French speech act verbs. Having identified, within a corpus of texts belonging to the newspaper press, the ten most frequent « verba dicendi », she sets out to provide a precise and rigorous definition for each, and she deals with the various constraints which rule their use by journalists.
A propos des restrictions de sélection de type aspectuel dans les complétives infinitives du français
Authors: Rochette Anne 
Published: November 2007

A. Rochette, « On the Selectional Restrictions of Aspect in French Infinitival Complements »
This paper examines the selectional restrictions imposed by certain matrix verbs on their infinitival complements. Aspectual verbs such as commencer may introduce activities and accomplishments as their complements but they do not generally admit states or achievements. It is argued that activities and accomplishments can be characterized in terms of the semantic category process which is selected by aspectual verbs. This selection of the category process is also responsible for restrictions observed in the interpretation of the nominal complements of these verbs.
Sur la syntaxe du temps
Authors: Guéron Jacqueline 
Published: November 2007

J. Guéron
We base tense interpretation on relations between the syntactic nodes Complementizer, Tense and Verb within a « Tense-Chain ». Our analysis exploits meca- nisms of Generative Grammar, in particular the theories of Quantification, Movement and Binding ; e.g., we construe Present as an Anaphor, Past as a Pronominal, and Future as a Name. We examine differences between English and French in the interpretation of the Present, the Present Perfect, the Progressive, and the « Imparfait » . We suggest that all these differences follow from a single parameter, presence vs absence of a morphological person feature in the verb.
Proverbes et formes proverbiales : valeur évidentielle et argumentative
Authors: Anscombre Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Claude Anscombre : « Proverbs and proverb-like sentences »
Proverbs and proverb-like sentences show characteristics that distinguish them from non-proverbial forms. The first part of the article is devoted to the study of such properties. In the second part, it is claimed that the function of proverbs is one of evidential marking. Proverbs appear to be one linguistic expression among others of common knowledge. Moreover, the genuine function of proverbs is argumentative : they serve as warrants for the continuation of the discourse.
L'énonciateur glosateur de ses mots : explicitation et interprétation
Authors: Authier-Revuz Jacqueline 
Published: November 2007

Jacqueline Authier-Revuz : « L'énonciateur glosateur de ses mots : exploitation et interprétation »
This paper deals with the forms by which a speaker accompanies his use of a word reflexively by explicating the meaning of his word : 1) with the variety of the forms that correspond either to an operation of reduction to one meaning (to the meaning p ; not to the meaning q), or to an explicit opening to a plurality of meanings (to the two meanings p and q, to all the meanings) ; 2) with the way these glosses of explication of a meaning themselves require interpretative work.
L'interprétation en lexicométrie. Une approche quantitative des données lexicales
Authors: Fiala Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Pierre Fiala : « L'interprétation en lexicométrie : une approche quantitative des données lexicales »
Lexicometry is a set of methods of analysis applied to textual corpora. Interpretation rests on computerized procedures of lexical statistics together with methodological principles such as the reduction of external variables, the choice of the graphic unit, the norm of interpretation which is specific to the corpus. The interpretative stage treats meaning at the global level of the textual corpus, as a differential object reconstructed from quantitative lexical contrasts. It proceeds through matching and reorganizing statistical evidence.
Facteurs textuels et facteurs sémantiques dans la problématique de l'ordre des mots : le cas des constructions détachées
Authors: Combettes Bernard 
Published: November 2007

Bernard Combettes : « Textual and semantic factors in word order. The case of detached constructions »
This paper deals with the characteristics of the « construtions détachées » (CD) (adjectival phrases or participial phrases functioning as adjuncts), and examines the two interacting and functionally motivated principles which determine the placement of the constituent in clause-first position : a textual constraint (the CD as a marker of topic continuity), a semantic constraint (the CD as the reduction of a circumstancial clause) ; from a diachronic point of view, the progressive decay of these two principles is considered in the light of the development of a new conception of the sentence.
Quelle fonction donner au travail oral dans l'élaboration d'un écrit argumentatif ?
Authors: Delcambre Isabelle 
Published: November 2007

Isabelle Delcambre, Quelle fonction donner au travail oral dans l'élaboration d'un écrit argumentatif ?
The organisation of debates in class so as to bring students to build argumentative concepts and help them in their approach of texts (reading and writing) shows the Limits of a didactic scheme which relies on oral language practice for the elaboration of written texts.
An alternative consists in using oral language as a means of solving the problems of argumentative writing, starting then from such situations to bring the students to an awareness of metalanguage by considering oral language as an object of knowledge in itself.
La polysémie systématique dans la description lexicale
Authors: Nunberg Geoffrey , Zaenen Annie 
Published: November 2007

G. Nunberg et A. Zaenen : La polysémie systématique dans la description lexicale
The phenomenon of systematic polysemy offers a fruitful domain for examining the theoretical differences between lexicological and lexicographic approaches to description. We consider here the process that provides for systematic conversion of count to mass nouns in English (a chicken /chicken, an oak / oak etc.). From the point of view of lexicology, we argue, standard syntactic and pragmatic tests suggest the phenomenon should be described by means of a single unindividuated transfer function that does not distinguish between interpretations (rabbit = « meat » vs. « fur »). From the point of view of lexicography, however, these more precise interpretations are made part of explicit description via the inclusion of semantic « licences », a mechanism distinct from lexical rules.
La polysémie contre le fixisme
Authors: Récanati François 
Published: November 2007

F. Récanati : La polysémie contre le fixisme
Semantic « fixism » is the view according to which non-indexical words and phrases possess Fregean senses conventionally, that is, in a fixed and context-independent manner. I show thai fixism cannol accounl for systematic polysemy in a satisfactory way. To account for systematic polysemy, we must acknowledge that the sense of an expres sion (its condition of satisfaction) is generated rather than merely selected. In the third part of the paper I discuss two models of sense generation. According to « segregalio nism », the sense of a word is generated through the interaction of its context- independent meaning with the context-independent meanings of the other words in the sentence. According to « contextualism », the sense of an expression is generated through the interaction of that expression's meaning with the context, both linguistic and extralinguistic. Semantic « fixism » is the view according to which non-indexical words and phrases possess Fregean senses conventionally, that is, in a fixed and context-independent manner. I show that fixism cannot account for systematic polysemy in a satisfactory way. To account for systematic polysemy, we must acknowledge that the sense of an expression (its condition of satisfaction) is generated rather than merely selected. In the third part of the paper I discuss two models of sense generation. According to « segregationism », the sense of a word is generated through the interaction of its context- independent meaning with the context-independent meanings of the other words in the sentence. According to « contextualism », the sense of an expression is generated through the interaction of that expression's meaning with the context, both linguistic and extralinguistic.
Les causatives en français, un cas de compétition syntaxique
Authors: Abeille Anne , Godard Danièle , Miller Philip H. 
Published: November 2007

Anne Abeillé, Danielle Godard, Philip Miller : Les causatives en français, un cas de compétition syntaxique
Causative structures in French belong to two different types in syntactic variation. They differ by their semantic inferences, with respect to the realization of the causee, the possibility of negating the infinitival V complement, and of being the complement of a "facile" adjective. The structures are formalized in HPSG. The variation hypothesis explains the variability of acceptabilities which characterize VP complementation.
Tous ensemble, chacun séparément
Authors: Flaux Nelly , Van de Velde Danièle 
Published: November 2007

Nelly Flaux et Danièle Van de Velde: Tous ensemble, chacun séparément
This article concerns the words chaque and chacun, taken together. We argue that they function as what we term "referential modifiers", and that they must thus be compared with the plural tous, and not, as it is usually the case, with the singular tout. This comparison leads to the conclusion that both chaque/chacun and tous are distributive, but in very different ways. We also distinguish between chaque N and chacun des N, demonstrating why, whereas the first functions well as the subject of universal propositions, the second does not. Then we distinguish between chaque N and les N... chacun, for, when chacun is detached from the noun to which it is bound, it has not necessarily the same interpretation as chaque N: only the detached chacun can function as a "multiplicator". Finally, we describe chaque N in relation to les N and tous les N: les N represents an indistinct globality; tous les N a globality with distinct but connected elements; chaque N a globality of radically separate elements.
N'importe qui, n'importe quoi, n'importe quel N
Authors: Paillard Denis 
Published: November 2007

Denis Paillard: N'importe qui, n'importe quoi, n'importe quel N
We aim to show that the different uses and values of n'importe qui, n'importe quoi, n'importe quel N are founded on a double variation: an internal variation based on the variable ponderation of the components of the word (on the one hand signalling a class: cf. qui, quoi, quel N, but on the other hand rejecting the singularity of the term concerned: cf. n'importe); and an external variation that takes into account the lexical properties of the co-text, the modal status of the predicate, and intersubjective relationships.
Place des revues dans la constitution d'une discipline : la linguistique française (1947-1997)
Authors: Chevalier Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Claude Chevalier, Part and functions of journals in french linguistics development (1947-1997)
Having first defined the part played, and the function assumed by journals in scientific life, the author proposes an overwiew concerning the main developments in the after-war II french linguistics. Through examination of french journals creations and english and american ones reception, several sample surveys lead to conclusion that french linguistics presents a specific development, compared to what occurs in the international movement devoted to linguistic sciences. Jean-Claude CHEVALIER, Part and functions of journals in french linguistics development (1947-1997)
Having first defined the part played, and the function assumed by journals in scientific life, the author proposes an overwiew concerning the main developments in the after-war II french linguistics. Through examination of french journals creations and english and american ones reception, several sample surveys lead to conclusion that french linguistics presents a specific development, compared to what occurs in the international movement devoted to linguistic sciences.
Sémantique et syntaxe dans l'acquisition des classes de mots : l'exemple des noms et des verbes en français
Authors: Bassano Dominique 
Published: November 2007

D. Bassano, Semantic and syntax in word classes acquisition: Nouns and verbs in French
This paper investigates semantic and syntactic aspects in the acquisition of word classes in early French during the 2nd and 3rd years of life. Using analyses of children's naturalistic productions, it provides an overview of the emergence of the lexicon, and focuses on the development of two central word classes, nouns and verbs. Developmental processes in the construction of both the notional-semantic and the grammatical classes are analysed for both nouns and verbs, and the relationships among all of these processes are examined in the light of an integrative conception of language acquisition.
Evolution du fonctionnement syntaxique et variantes énonciatives. Observation d'interactions langagières entre adulte et enfant au cours d'activités de narration
Authors: Karnoouh-Vertalier Martine 
Published: November 2007

M. Karnoouh-Vertalier, The evolution of syntax in language acquisition and discourse variants. Observation of adult-child interactions in joint narrations
This paper presents a qualitative approach to language learning through immediate and long-term interaction as an individual process in which the child incorporates into his own language elements and syntactic organisation from the adult's utterances (including the adult's reading of written texts such as children's books). Narration (studied in a longitudinal corpus of adult-child dialogues) is approached as a type of discourse in which certain characteristics of oral utterances can favour a child's later access to written language and autonomy through discourse variants answering to various degrees of syntactic complexity, decontextualization and completeness.
« Celui-ci » anaphorique : un mentionnel
Authors: Corblin Francis 
Published: November 2007

Francis Corblin : Anaphoric celui-ci as a mentional NP.
In its anaphoric uses, celui-ci is not an anaphoric nominal, as many authors have observed. Nevertheless, the claim that celui-ci is a NP without a noun (and not a true pronoun) allows to see it as a member of a natural class including NPs like le premier, le dernier, ce dernier. . . We propose to label these NPs 'mentional NPs'. Basically, we define mentional NPs as NPs associated with the discourse referent of a previous mention identified by its relative position. This paper considers then the role of celui-ci in reference chains of some literary texts, showing that celui-ci behaves as a 'counter-topic' : it is used for an accessible discourse referent, preserving the status of another discourse referent as the main topic of the discourse.
Les démonstratifs et le statut énonciatif des textes de fiction : l'exemple des ouvertures de roman
Authors: Philippe Gilles 
Published: November 2007

Gilles Philippe : Demonstratives and the enunciative status of fictional narratives : the example of novel openings
Demonstratives in the first sentences of novels are often considered as non-sequential sequence-signals. But, since opening demonstratives aim at creating an impression of enunciative continuity more than an illusion of referential continuity, one has to describe them first as markers of empathy in a fictitious frame. Then, though their grammatical statuses can be very diverse, opening demonstratives can all be studied in the "deictic-shift" model. We examine here the relevance and limits of such a model, and focus on two extreme cases : what if the deictic center cannot be identified ? what if the different empathy markers seem contradictory ? Opening sentences give us indeed the best opportunity to study the function of demonstratives as empathy markers, to describe the inferential work they require and to understand their being thought as highly "literary".
Le système des possessifs en français standard moderne
Authors: Zribi-Hertz Anne 
Published: November 2007

Anne Zribi-Hertz: The possessive system of Standard Modern French
This paper offers a thorough description of the three series of possessive expressions produced in Standard Modern French: possessive determiners (e.g. mon), possessive adjectives (e.g. mien) and dative possessives (e.g. à moi). It attempts to show how the three types are interrelated, and in what respects the possessive system of Modern French differs from those of Old French and Latin. The leading assumption is that Modern French possessives are spell-outs of a functional head, labelled 'I°', which articulates finite predications.
Les proverbes : des dénominations d'un type « très très spécial »
Authors: Kleiber G. 
Published: November 2007

George Kleiber, The Proverbs : a very special type of names
The goal of this article is to show that, contrary to Michaux's proposals (1995 and 1996), the proverbs could not constitute personal judgements.
The difficulty represented by the data called for invalidate the classical idea which considers the proverbs collective judgements can be surmonted by taking into account two factors :
(i) the name status of proverbs
and
(ii) the « deproverbialisation » procedure through which the proverb is loosing its name aspect and keeps its phrase aspect only. George Kleiber, The Proverbs : a very special type of names
The goal of this article is to show that, contrary to Michaux's proposals (1995 and 1996), the proverbs could not constitute personal judgements.
The difficulty represented by the data called for invalidate the classical idea which considers the proverbs collective judgements can be surmonted by taking into account two factors :
(i) the name status of proverbs
and
(ii) the « deproverbialisation » procedure through which the proverb is loosing its name aspect and keeps its phrase aspect only.
Les divergences énonciatives dans les récits de fiction
Authors: Philippe Gilles 
Published: November 2007

Gilles Philippe : Enunciative inconsistencies in fictional narratives
Because of the specificity of their functioning, fictional narratives often contain sentences with enunciative inconsistencies, that is with marks of, as it seems, more than one enunciative node. When considered in isolation, such sentences may often be regarded as barely acceptable; but in context, the reader will usually overlook the inconsistency. It doesn't mean that s/he makes do with marks of two enunciative nodes in one utterance: as a matter of fact, either the reader cancels the enunciative inconsistency by ignoring one of the marks, or the weakest enunciative mark is given a new non-enunciative status in the sentence. All this proves to be very important in the current debate on the enunciative functioning of fictional narratives.
Apposition, coordination, reformulation dans les suites de deux GN juxtaposés
Authors: Noailly Michèle 
Published: November 2007

Michèle Noailly - Apposition, coordination, reformulation dans les suites de deux GN juxtaposés
When two NGs are adjacent, their logical relationship may be of three types, which are not always easy to distinguish: either they form an asyndetic coordination, in which case it is possible to furnish a connector; or it is a reformulation, and the second NG acts as if it was a substitute for the first, as a better approximation of the referent; or finally it is a case of apposition. It is the analysis of these cases of apposition which are the subject of this article. They are examined according to the nature of the determiner of each of the two groups , first when these determiners differ, then in the more subtle case where the two NGs have the same determiner.