bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tornadoes with Cold Core 500-mb Lows
Authors: Davies Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Tornadoes that occur in close proximity to midlevel closed lows with a core of cold temperatures aloft are not uncommon, particularly in the central United States. Although several informal studies have shown that severe weather and tornadoes can occur with these midlevel lows, little in the way of formal work has been published documenting features and ingredients of such systems, especially those that produce what are sometimes called cold core tornadoes. Of particular concern is that these tornadoes can be associated with surface and low-level moisture that appears deceptively small or marginal regarding severe weather potential, yet on occasion tornadoes of F2 or greater intensity can develop. In other cases, vertical shear may appear relatively weak at locations close to the midlevel low, suggesting little potential for tornadoes. These “atypical” characteristics can result in poor anticipation by forecasters of tornado events associated with closed 500-mb lows. This note documents some synoptic and mesoscale features commonly associated with tornado events in close proximity to cold core 500-mb lows using four tornadic cases in Kansas as examples, including photographs to show the small nature of storms associated with such systems. Recognition of surface patterns with a particular organization of boundaries and surface heating positioned near midlevel lows, along with the presence of some amount of buoyancy, can help with the operational awareness of the potential for tornadoes in many 500-mb closed low settings.
Linear and Nonlinear Statistical Downscaling for Rainfall Forecasting over Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Ramírez María CleoféValverde , Ferreira Nelson Jesus , Velho Haroldo Fragade Campos 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this work linear and nonlinear downscaling are developed to establish empirical relationships between the synoptic-scale circulation and observed rainfall over southeastern Brazil. The methodology uses outputs from the regional Eta Model; prognostic equations for local forecasting were developed using an artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR). The final objective is the application of such prognostic equations to Eta Model output to generate rainfall forecasts. In the first experiment the predictors were obtained from the Eta Model and the predictand was rainfall data from meteorological stations in southeastern Brazil. In the second experiment the observed rainfall on the day prior to the forecast was included as a predictor. The threat score (TS) and bias, used to quantify the performance of the forecasts, showed that the ANN was superior to MLR in most seasons. When compared with Eta Model forecasts, it was observed that the ANN has a tendency to forecast moderate and high rainfall with greater accuracy during the austral summer. Also, when the observed rainfall of the previous day is included as a predictor, the TS showed the best performance in continuous rain and well-organized meteorological systems. On the other hand, in the austral winter period, characterized by slight rain, the ANN showed better forecasting ability than did the Eta Model. The obtained results also suggest that in the austral winter rainfall is more predictable because convection is less frequent, and when this occurs the forcing is dynamic instead of thermodynamic.
Exploiting Functional Fibers in Advanced Composite Materials
Authors: Etches Julie A. , Scholey Jonathan J. , Williams Gareth J. , Bond Ian P. , Mellor Phillip H. , Friswell Michael I. , Lieven Nick A.J. 
Published: December 2006

Magnetic fiber reinforced composite material is being developed which utilizes hollow glass fibers filled with active ferromagnetic material. The resulting material maintains structural integrity as is, providing a possible means of electrical power generation from a dynamically loaded structure. The hollow glass fibers are manufactured in-house using a bespoke fiber drawing facility. Hard magnetic powder materials are introduced into the hollow fiber cores to provide an active ferromagnetic function. The first part of this article discusses the ongoing work to manufacture, characterize, and optimize active magnetic fiber reinforced composite materials. Recent advances in smart material actuators have led to the development of piezoceramic `patches' that utilize the piezoelectric effect of individual fibers encased in a protective environment. Previously, these patches have been either positioned on the surface or embedded within the structure, disrupting the composite lay-up. The second part of the article outlines a study of the feasibility of embedding piezoelectric fibers directly into a composite lay-up, thereby allowing a composite laminate to deform due to internal actuation. Potential improvements to the work have been identified and future work has been proposed to further understand and maximize the performance of integrated piezoelectric fiber composites.
Nonmalignant T cells stimulate growth of T-cell lymphoma cells in the presence of bacterial toxins
Authors: Woetmann Anders , Lovato Paola , Eriksen Karsten W. , Krejsgaard Thorbjørn , Labuda Tord , Zhang Qian , Mathiesen Anne-Merethe , Geisler Carsten , Svejgaard Arne , Wasik Mariusz A. , Ødum Niels 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBacterial toxins including staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs). Here, we investigate SE-mediated interactions between nonmalignant T cells and malignant T-cell lines established from skin and blood of CTCL patients. The malignant CTCL cells express MHC class II molecules that are high-affinity receptors for SE. Although treatment with SE has no direct effect on the growth of the malignant CTCL cells, the SE-treated CTCL cells induce vigorous proliferation of the SE-responsive nonmalignant T cells. In turn, the nonmalignant T cells enhance proliferation of the malignant cells in an SE- and MHC class II–dependent manner. Furthermore, SE and, in addition, alloantigen presentation by malignant CTCL cells to irradiated nonmalignant CD4+ T-cell lines also enhance proliferation of the malignant cells. The growth-promoting effect depends on direct cell-cell contact and soluble factors such as interleukin-2. In conclusion, we demonstrate that SE triggers a bidirectional cross talk between nonmalignant T cells and malignant CTCL cells that promotes growth of the malignant cells. This represents a novel mechanism by which infections with SE-producing bacteria may contribute to pathogenesis of CTCL.
Reduction of GVHD and enhanced antitumor effects after adoptive infusion of alloreactive Ly49-mismatched NK cells from MHC-matched donors
Authors: Lundqvist Andreas , Philip McCoy J. , Samsel Leigh , Childs Richard 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe investigated if an infusion of alloreactive natural killer (NK) cells would reduce GVHD and mediate antitumor effects in mice undergoing MHC-matched allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Balb/c mice bearing RENCA tumors underwent an allogeneic SCT from MHC-matched B10.d2 donors and were given a single infusion of either Ly49 ligand-matched, ligand-mismatched, or no donor NK cells. Recipients of Ly49 ligand-mismatched NK cells had a reduced incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD; 39% vs 100%; P < .01), and prolonged survival (median 84 days vs 39 days; P < .01) compared with SCT recipients not receiving NK cells. Recipients of Ly49 ligand-matched NK cells had the same incidence of GVHD and similar survival compared with controls not receiving NK cells. Pulmonary tumor burden was significantly (P < .01) lower in recipients that received Ly49-mismatched or Ly49-matched NK cells compared with recipients not receiving NK cells. These data provide in vivo evidence that a single infusion of alloreactive donor NK cells reduces GVHD and mediates antitumor effects following MHC-matched allogeneic transplantation.
A novel PAX5-ELN fusion protein identified in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia acts as a dominant negative on wild-type PAX5
Authors: Bousquet Marina , Broccardo Cyril , Quelen Cathy , Meggetto Fabienne , Kuhlein Emilienne , Delsol Georges , Dastugue Nicole , Brousset Pierre 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
We report a novel t(7;9)(q11;p13) translocation in 2 patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). By fluorescent in situ hybridization and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we showed that the paired box domain of PAX5 was fused with the elastin (ELN) gene. After cloning the full-length cDNA of the chimeric gene, confocal microscopy of transfected NIH3T3 cells and Burkitt lymphoma cells (DG75) demonstrated that PAX5-ELN was localized in the nucleus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation clearly indicated that PAX5-ELN retained the capability to bind CD19 and BLK promoter sequences. To analyze the functions of the chimeric protein, HeLa cells were cotransfected with a luc-CD19 construct, pcDNA3-PAX5, and with increasing amounts of pcDNA3-PAX5-ELN. Thus, in vitro, PAX5-ELN was able to block CD19 transcription. Furthermore, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) experiments showed that PAX5-ELN was able to affect the transcription of endogenous PAX5 target genes. Since PAX5 is essential for B-cell differentiation, this translocation may account for the blockage of leukemic cells at the pre–B-cell stage. The mechanism involved in this process appears to be, at least in part, through a dominant-negative effect of PAX5-ELN on the wild-type PAX5 in a setting ofPAX5 haploinsufficiency.
Expression and release of soluble HLA-E is an immunoregulatory feature of endothelial cell activation
Authors: Coupel Stéphanie , Moreau Anne , Hamidou Mohamed , Horejsi Vaclav , Soulillou Jean-Paul , Charreau Béatrice 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA)–E belongs, with HLA-G and HLA-F, to the nonclassic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (Ib) molecules, broadly defined by a limited polymorphism and a restricted pattern of cellular expression. In contrast to HLA-G, the expression and function of HLA-E and HLA-F in physiologic and pathologic processes remain poorly established. In the present study, we show that HLA-E protein expression in normal human nonlymphoid organs is mainly restricted to endothelial cells (ECs). HLA-E is also basally expressed by B and T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells and by macrophages. We demonstrate that tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon γ (IFNγ) up-regulate the cell-surface expression of HLA-E on ECs in vitro and induce the release of soluble HLA-E (sHLA-E). HLA-E up-regulation protects IFNγ-activated ECs from NK-mediated cell lysis, while sHLA-E protects bystander cells. Finally, sHLA-E is not detected in normal sera, and increased serum levels correlate with disease activity in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated systemic vasculitis. Thus, HLA-E expression and release of sHLA-E are features of EC activation and emphasize immunoregulatory functions of the endothelium. The present identification of soluble HLA-E molecules may have important implications in understanding the pathogenesis of immune-mediated vascular diseases and for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients.
Rapamycin derivatives reduce mTORC2 signaling and inhibit AKT activation in AML
Authors: Zeng Zhihong , Sarbassov Dos D. , Samudio Ismael J. , Yee Karen W. L. , Munsell Mark F. , Ellen Jackson C. , Giles Francis J. , Sabatini David M. , Andreeff Michael , Konopleva Marina 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) containing mTOR and rictor is thought to be rapamycin insensitive and was recently shown to regulate the prosurvival kinase AKT by phosphorylation on Ser473. We investigated the molecular effects of mTOR inhibition by the rapamycin derivatives (RDs) temsirolimus (CCI-779) and everolimus (RAD001) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Unexpectedly, RDs not only inhibited the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) containing mTOR and raptor with decreased p70S6K, 4EPB1 phosphorylation, and GLUT1 mRNA, but also blocked AKT activation via inhibition of mTORC2 formation. This resulted in suppression of phosphorylation of the direct AKT substrate FKHR and decreased transcription of D-cyclins in AML cells. Similar observations were made in samples from patients with hematologic malignancies who received RDs in clinical studies. Our study provides the first evidence that rapamycin derivatives inhibit AKT signaling in primary AML cells both in vitro and in vivo, and supports the therapeutic potential of mTOR inhibition strategies in leukemias.
Overexpression of nucleolin in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induces stabilization of bcl2 mRNA
Authors: Otake Yoko , Soundararajan Sridharan , Sengupta Tapas K. , Kio Ebenezer A. , Smith James C. , Pineda-Roman Mauricio , Stuart Robert K. , Spicer Eleanor K. , Fernandes Daniel J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractB-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of clonal B cells that are resistant to apoptosis as a result of bcl2 oncogene overexpression. Studies were done to determine the mechanism for the up-regulation of bcl-2 protein observed in CD19+ CLL cells compared with CD19+ B cells from healthy volunteers. The 11-fold higher level of bcl-2 protein in CLL cells was positively correlated with a 26-fold elevation in the cytosolic level of nucleolin, a bcl2 mRNA–stabilizing protein. Measurements of the bcl2 heterogeneous nuclear/bcl2 mRNA (hnRNA)/mRNA ratios and the rates of bcl2 mRNA decay in cell extracts indicated that the 3-fold higher steady-state level of bcl2 mRNA in CLL cells was the result of increased bcl2 mRNA stability. Nucleolin was present throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm of CLL cells, whereas in normal B cells nucleolin was only detected in the nucleus. The addition of recombinant human nucleolin to extracts of normal B cells markedly slowed the rate of bcl2 mRNA decay. SiRNA knockdown of nucleolin in MCF-7 cells resulted in decreased levels of bcl2 mRNA and protein but no change in β-actin. These results indicate that bcl-2 overexpression in CLL cells is related to stabilization of bcl2 mRNA by nucleolin.
Members of the glutathione and ABC-transporter families are associated with clinical outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Andreadis Charalambos , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Wahl Peter , Hammond Rachel , Houldsworth Jane , Schuster Stephen J. , Rebbeck Timothy R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractStandard chemotherapy fails in 40% to 50% of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Some of these failures can be salvaged with high-dose regimens, suggesting a role for drug resistance in this disease. We examined the expression of genes in the glutathione (GSH) and ATP-dependent transporter (ABC) families in 2 independent tissue-based expression microarray datasets obtained prior to therapy from patients with DLBCL. Among genes in the GSH family, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) had the most significant adverse effect on disease-specific overall survival (dOS) in the primary dataset (n = 130) (HR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.26-2.22; P < .001). This effect remained statistically significant after controlling for biologic signature, LLMPP cell-of-origin signature, and IPI score, and was confirmed in the validation dataset (n = 39) (HR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.05-2.8; P = .033). Recursive partitioning identified a group of patients with low-level expression of GPX1 and multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1; ABCB1) without early treatment failures and with superior dOS (P < .001). Overall, our findings suggest an important association of oxidative-stress defense and drug elimination with treatment failure in DLBCL and identify GPX1 and ABCB1 as potentially powerful biomarkers of early failure and disease-specific survival.
Functional status decline as a measure of adverse events in home health care: an observational study
Authors: Scharpf Tanya Pollack , Colabianchi Natalie , Madigan Elizabeth A , Neuhauser Duncan , Peng Timothy , Feldman Penny H , Bridges John FP 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Background
Research that examines the quality of home health care is complex because no gold standard exists for measuring adverse outcomes, and because the patient and clinician populations are highly heterogeneous. The objectives in this study are to develop models to predict functional decline for three indices of functional status as measures of adverse events in home health care and determine which index is most appropriate for risk-adjusting for future quality research.

Methods
Data come from the Outcomes and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) from a large urban home health care agency and other agency data. Prognostic data yields 49,437 episodes, while follow-up data yields 47,684 episodes. We tested three indices defined as substantial decline in three or more (gt3_ADLs), two or more (gt2_ADLs), and one or more (gt1_ADLs) ADLs. Multivariate logistic regression determines the performance of the models for each index as measured by the c-statistic and Hosmer-Lemeshow chi square (χ2).

Results
Frequencies for gt3_ADLs, gt2_ADLs, and gt1_ADLs are 212 (0.43%), 783 (1.58%), and 4,271 (8.64%) respectively. Follow-up results are comparable with frequencies of 218 (0.46%), 763 (1.60%), and 3,949 (8.28%) for each index. Gt3_ADLs does not produce valid models. The model for gt2_ADLs consistently yields a higher c-statistic compared to gt1_ADLs (0.754 vs. 0.679, respectively). Both indices' models yield non-significant Hosmer-Lemeshow chi square indicating reasonable model fit. Findings for gt2_ADLs and gt1_ADLs are consistent over time as indicated by follow-up data results.

Conclusion
Gt2_ADLs yields the best models as indicated by a high c-statistic and a non-significant Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2, both of which exhibit exceptional consistency. We conclude that gt2_ADLs may be preferable in defining ADL adverse events in the context of home health care.
Value of serum glycated albumin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in the prediction of presence of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Pu Li Jin , Lu Lin , Xu Xue Wei , Zhang Rui Yan , Zhang Qi , Zhang Jian Sheng , Hu Jian , Yang Zheng Kun , Ding Feng Hua , Chen Qiu Jin , Lou Sheng , Shen Jie , Fang Dan Hong , Shen Wei Feng 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major vascular complication of diabetes mellitus and reveals high mortality. Up to 30% of diabetic patients with myocardial ischemia remain asymptomatic and are associated with worse prognosis compared to non-diabetic counterpart, which warrants routine screening for CAD in diabetic population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of serum glycated albumin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in predicting the presence of CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
Three hundred and twenty-four patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into two groups based on presence (CAD group, n = 241) or absence (control group, n = 83) of angiographically-documented CAD (lumen diameter narrowing ≥70%). Serum levels of glycated albumin and hs-CRP as well as serum concentrations of glucose, lipids, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid were measured in both groups. Predictors of CAD were determined using multivariate logistic regression model and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results
Serum glycated albumin and hs-CRP levels were significantly increased in diabetic patients with CAD. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that male gender, age, serum levels of glycated albumin, hs-CRP, creatinine and lipoprotein (a) were independent predictors for CAD. Areas under the curve of glycated albumin and hs-CRP and for regression model were 0.654 (95%CI 0.579–0.730, P < 0.001), 0.721 (95%CI 0.658–0.785, P < 0.001) and 0.824 (95% CI 0.768–0.879, P < 0.001), respectively. The optimal values of cut-off point were 18.7% (sensitivity 67.9%, specificity 60.0%) for glycated albumin and 5.2 mg/l (sensitivity 72.2%, specificity 60.0%) for hs-CRP to predict CAD. Logistic regression model was defined as: P/(1-P) = EXP(-1.5 + 1.265 gender + 0.812 age + 1.24 glycated albumin + 0.953 hs-CRP + 0.902 lipoprotein(a) + 1.918 creatinine). The optimal probability value for predicting CAD in type 2 diabetic patients was 0.648 (sensitivity 82.3%, specificity 68.6%).

Conclusion
Serum glycated albumin and hs-CRP levels were significantly elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD. The logistic regression model incorporating with glycated albumin, hs-CRP and other major risk factors of atherosclerosis may be useful for screening CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Medical science, culture, and truth
Authors: Gillett Grant 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThere is a fairly closed circle between culture, language, meaning, and truth such that the world of a given culture is a world understood in terms of the meanings produced in that culture. Medicine is, in fact, a subculture of a powerful type and has its own language and understanding of the range of illnesses that affect human beings. So how does medicine get at the truth of people and their ills in such a way as to escape its own limited constructions? There is a way out of the closed circle implicit in the idea of a praxis and the engagement with reality that is central to it and the further possibility introduced by Jacques Lacan that signification is never comprehensive in relation to the subject's encounter with the real. I will explore both of these so as to develop a conception of truth that is apt for the knowledge that arises in the clinic.
Classification methods for the development of genomic signatures from high-dimensional data
Authors: Moon Hojin , Ahn Hongshik , Kodell Ralph L , Lin Chien-Ju , Baek Songjoon , Chen James J 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPersonalized medicine is defined by the use of genomic signatures of patients to assign effective therapies. We present Classification by Ensembles from Random Partitions (CERP) for class prediction and apply CERP to genomic data on leukemia patients and to genomic data with several clinical variables on breast cancer patients. CERP performs consistently well compared to the other classification algorithms. The predictive accuracy can be improved by adding some relevant clinical/histopathological measurements to the genomic data.