bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β-Catenin Signaling Promotes Proliferation of Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mouse Subventricular Zone
Authors: Adachi Kazuhide , Mirzadeh Zaman , Sakaguchi Masanori , Yamashita Toru , Nikolcheva Tania , Gotoh Yukiko , Peltz Gary , Gong Leyi , Kawase Takeshi , Alvarez-Buylla Arturo , Okano Hideyuki , Sawamoto Kazunobu 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest germinal zone in the mature rodent brain, and it continuously produces young neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb. Neural stem cells in this region generate migratory neuroblasts via highly proliferative transit-amplifying cells. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway partially regulates the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the embryonic brain. Here, we studied the role of β-catenin signaling in the adult mouse SVZ. β-Catenin-dependent expression of a destabilized form of green fluorescent protein was detected in progenitor cells in the adult SVZ of Axin2-d2EGFP reporter mice. Retrovirus-mediated expression of a stabilized β-catenin promoted the proliferation of Mash1+ cells and inhibited their differentiation into neuroblasts. Conversely, the expression of Dkk1, an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, reduced the proliferation of Mash1+ cells. In addition, an inhibitor of GSK3β promoted the proliferation of Mash1+ cells and increased the number of new neurons in the olfactory bulb 14 days later. These results suggest that β-catenin signaling plays a role in the proliferation of progenitor cells in the SVZ of the adult mouse brain.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
The dispersal potential of endangered plants versus non‐native garden escapees
Authors: Staude Ingmar R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Amidst climate change, enhancing plant dispersal pathways is crucial for adapting ecosystems and preserving biodiversity. In our human‐dominated landscapes, urban and rural green spaces, especially gardens, are promising conduits for plant dispersal. Non‐native plants are known to benefit from these spaces, yet the potential benefits for at‐risk native plants remain unclear.

Here, I synthesized data on dispersal traits, comparing endangered native plants with non‐endangered and non‐native species in Germany. To make my analysis pertinent to understanding the potential role of gardens in aiding the dispersal of at‐risk native plants, I further contrasted the dispersal ecology of garden‐friendly endangered plants with non‐native plants known to escape gardens. I analysed several traits including seed weight, terminal velocity, dispersal distance, germination rate, dispersal mode, seed structures and seedbank type.

Overall, dispersal traits between native and non‐native plants showed minor, but in some cases statistically significant differences. Endangered plants were more often wind‐dispersed and more frequently had seed appendages conducive to a wider range of dispersal vectors. Conversely, non‐native plants leaned more towards non‐assisted local dispersal, heavier seeds and more persistent seed banks. Other traits were largely consistent across groups.

This research shows that endangered native plants possess a dispersal ecology similar to non‐native species, which frequently spread from green spaces like gardens. Thus, integrating endangered flora into our green spaces could help to promote an essential aspect of species survival: dispersal.
Sided Stimulation of Endothelial Cells Modulates Neutrophil Trafficking in an In Vitro Sepsis Model
Authors: Ahmad Danial , Linares Isabelle , Pietropaoli Anthony , Waugh Richard E. , McGrath James L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile the role of dysregulated polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transmigration in septic mediated tissue damage is well documented, strategies to mitigate aberrant transmigration across endothelium have yet to yield viable therapeutics. Recently, microphysiological systems (MPS) have emerged as novel in vitro mimetics that facilitate the development of human models of disease. With this advancement, aspects of endothelial physiology that are difficult to assess with other models can be directly probed. In this study, the role of endothelial cell (EC) apicobasal polarity on leukocyte trafficking response is evaluated with the µSiM‐MVM (microphysiological system enabled by a silicon membrane – microvascular mimetic). Here, ECs are stimulated either apically or basally with a cytokine cocktail to model a septic‐like challenge before introducing healthy donor PMNs into the device. Basally oriented stimulation generated a stronger PMN transmigratory response versus apical stimulation. Importantly, healthy PMNs are unable to migrate towards a bacterial peptide chemoattractant when ECs are apically stimulated, which mimics the attenuated PMN chemotaxis seen in sepsis. Escalating the apical inflammatory stimulus by a factor of five is necessary to elicit high PMN transmigration levels across endothelium. These results demonstrate that EC apicobasal polarity modulates PMN transmigratory behavior and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying sepsis.
A Sustainable Route to Ruthenium Phosphide (RuP)/Ru Heterostructures with Electron‐Shuttling of Interfacial Ru for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Daohao , Cai Rongsheng , Zheng Dongyong , Ren Jun , Dong Chung‐Li , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Haigh Sarah J. , Liu Xien , Gong Feilong , Liu Yiming , Liu Jian , Yang Dongjiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRuthenium (Ru) is a promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), despite suffering from low activity in non‐acidic conditions due to the high kinetic energy barrier of H2O dissociation. Herein, the synthesis of carbon nanosheet‐supported RuP/Ru heterostructures (RuP/Ru@CNS) from a natural polysaccharide is reported and demonstrates its behavior as an effective HER electrocatalyst in non‐acidic conditions. The RuP/Ru@CNS exhibits low overpotential (106 mV at 200 mA·cm−2) in alkaline electrolyte, exceeding most reported Ru‐based electrocatalysts. The electron shuttling between Ru atoms at the RuP/Ru interface results in a lowered energy barrier for H2O dissociation by electron‐deficient Ru atoms in the pure Ru phase, as well as optimized H* adsorption of electron‐gaining Ru atoms in the neighboring RuP. A low H* spillover energy barrier between Ru atoms at the RuP/Ru interface further boosts HER kinetics. This study demonstrates a sustainable method for the fabrication of efficient Ru‐based electrocatalysts and provides a more detailed understanding of interface effects in HER catalysis.
Influence of food physical properties and environmental context on manipulative behaviors highlighted by new methodological approaches in zoo‐housed bonobos (Pan paniscus)
Authors: Gérard Caroline , Bardo Ameline , Guéry Jean Pascal , Pouydebat Emmanuelle , Narat Victor , Simmen Bruno 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResearch on manipulative abilities in nonhuman primates, in the context of hominid evolution, has mostly focused on manual/pedal postures considered as static behaviors. While these behavioral repertoires highlighted the range of manipulative abilities in many species, manipulation is a dynamic process that mostly involves successive types of grips before reaching its goal. The present study aims to investigate the use of manual/pedal postures in zoo‐housed bonobos in diverse dynamic food processing by using an innovative approach: the optimal matching analysis that compares sequences (i.e., succession of grasping postures) with each other. To characterize the manipulative techniques spontaneously employed by bonobos, we performed this sequential analysis of manual/pedal postures during 766 complete feeding sequences of 17 individuals. We analyzed the effectiveness with a score defined by a partial proxy of food intake (i.e., the number of mouthfuls) linked to a handling score measuring both the diversity and changes of manual postures during each sequence. We identified four techniques, used differently depending on the physical substrate on which the individual performed food manipulation and the food physical properties. Our results showed that manipulative techniques were more complex (i.e., higher handling score) for large foods and on substrates with lower stability. But the effectiveness score was not significantly lower for these items since manipulative complexity seemed to be compensated by a greater number of mouthfuls. It appeared that the techniques employed involved a trade‐off between manipulative complexity and the amount of food ingested. This study allowed us to test and validate innovative analysis methods that are applicable to diverse ethological studies involving sequential events. Our results bring new data for a better understanding of the evolution of manual abilities in primates in association with different ecological contexts and both terrestrial and arboreal substrates and suggest that social and individual influences need to be explored further.
Statistical analysis of the substitution of inorganic fibers and fillers with vegetable fibers and fillers in polystyrene composites
Authors: Ponsoni Lara Vasconcellos , de Almeida Marina Kauling , Madeira Kristian , Militão Gustavo Pacheco , Zimmermann Matheus Vinícius Gregory 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThermoplastic composites exhibit improved mechanical performance compared to pure matrices, and the fiber is usually the most influential component of the composite. Recently, studies related to the use of vegetable fibers have grown significantly, but few works report the direct comparative between inorganic and vegetable fibers and fillers as reinforcements. In this work, composites were produced with polystyrene (PS) matrix, reinforced with inorganic fibers (glass), vegetal fibers (kapok), particulate inorganic (CaCO3), and vegetal (wood) fillers. The composites were mixed by a twin‐screw co‐rotating extruder and after processed in an injection‐molding machine. Statistical analyses of density, tensile and flexural strength abrasion resistance were made, along with analyzes of thermal deflection temperature, dynamic mechanical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were performed on the composites. The main results indicate that all reinforcing agents (vegetal and inorganic fibers and fillers) show a regular trend of increasing the mechanical properties proven by statistical comparison, presenting p < 0.01 that proves a significant increase. By dynamic mechanical analysis, vegetable reinforcements showed a higher coefficient of effectiveness when compared to composites produced with inorganic reinforcements.
Space invaders: Reassessing the histology of hyperostosis frontalis interna
Authors: Hogg Russell T. , Smith Timothy D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a human skeletal lesion characterized by nodules of hyperplastic bone and thickening of the frontal bone's inner surface. Despite its prevalence in the general population and its long history of observation—it is one of the most frequently observed pathologies in gross anatomy laboratories—HFI's etiology and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. This is largely due to the lack of a thorough survey of its histology across the various stages of its development. Our study has three major aims: (1) assess HFI histology from incipient to advanced lesions; (2) elucidate lamellar and trabecular structure in HFI; and (3) clarify impacts/roles of the dura mater in HFI. Sections of nondecalcified bone provide evidence for two different categories of lesions: (1) stratum lesions, characterized by lamellar‐based overall thickening of the internal table, and (2) eruptive lesions, characterized by nodular formations of initially lamellar bone that appear to form the bulk of bone mass in advanced stages. Sections of nondecalcified bone also suggest that for both lesion types, HFI growths begin as deposits of lamellar bone, which are later remodeled into woven bone deposits; our data do not support the hypothesis that lesions begin as a “diploization” of cortical bone as suggested by prior studies. Trichrome‐stained sections provide evidence that growing lesions erode through and engulf the dura mater, effectively destroying this tissue layer as they grow laterally and inwardly. Our results indicate possible avenues of research to better understand the root causes of this disorder.
Post‐COVID‐19 approach to teaching an undergraduate laboratory class focused on experimental design and data interpretation
Authors: King Jessie , Kelly Barnaby , Rhein Nayla , Rosengren Rhonda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo best prepare students for the real‐world research environment, key skills, including experimental design, data analysis, communication of results, and critical thinking, should be key components of undergraduate science courses. Furthermore, the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on in‐person teaching has resulted in a need to develop courses that enable flexible learning. This paper details the laboratory component of a senior‐level toxicology class that was developed to emphasize all these skills and allow for flexible learning. The aim of the laboratory class was for students to determine how curcumin protected against acetaminophen‐induced hepatoxicity. To stimulate critical thinking, students were required to choose a maximum of four experiments from the six on offer. Before conducting an experiment, students stated a hypothesis and selected the appropriate treatment groups. Once an experiment was completed, students were given access to a complete dataset, on which they performed statistical analysis and drew conclusions. Students who were unable to attend the laboratory session in person were able to complete the required pre‐lab work and access the dataset. Following each experiment, students could write a lab summary, and receive thorough feedback. The final assessment was a written manuscript of their findings as well as a chance to respond to reviewer comments. This teaching approach prioritized the critical thinking, analysis, and experimental design aspects of scientific research. Overall, this structure was well received by students and it could easily be adapted for use on other life science courses.
Two Undescribed Germacrane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from Salvia cavaleriei var. simplicifolia Stib. and Their Anti‐Alzheimer's Disease Activity
Authors: Wu Qian , Liu Li , Lu Yu‐Bin , Guo Le‐Le , Yang Mi‐Na , Li Hui‐Jie , Liu Chun‐Min , Ye Li‐Jia , Zhang Zhan‐Xin , Shao Yong‐Liang , Fei Dong‐Qing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo undescribed germacrane‐type sesquiterpenoids, salcasins A (1) and B (2), together with three known compounds (3–5) were isolated and identified from the whole plant of Salvia cavaleriei var. simplicifolia Stib. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, such as HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR data. The relative configurations of 1 and 2 were established by analyzing their NOESY spectra as well as by 13C NMR calculations with DP4+ probability analyses. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by comparing experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Furthermore, the in vivo anti‐Alzheimer's disease activities of 1–5 were evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans AD pathological model. Among all isolated compounds, salcasin A (1) significantly delayed AD‐like symptoms of worm paralysis, which may be a potential anti‐AD candidate agent.
Taxodin A, a Cytotoxic C30 Terpenoid from Taxodium mucronatum with a Unique Skeleton
Authors: Li Yao , Zhou Zhi‐Ping , Chen Li‐Ting , Zhao Qin‐Shi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTaxodin A (1), a unique C30 terpenoid featuring an unprecedented skeleton composed of an abietane‐type diterpene and a menthane‐type monoterpene, was obtained from the leaves and branches of Taxodium mucronatum. The structure and absolute configuration of compound 1 was unequivocally established by the combination of extensive spectroscopic analyses and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction analysis. Compound 1 exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against A549, SMMC‐7721, MDA‐MB‐231, and SW480 cell lines with IC50 values of 15.35±0.73, 8.49±0.35, 17.53±0.79, 18.93±0.60 μM, respectively.
Diagnosis and treatment of mixed salivary gland tumor previously diagnosed as cutaneous chondroid syringoma proximal to the oral commissure: A case report
Authors: Lee Haeseong , Senehi Navid , Sedghizadeh Parish 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageSubcutaneous tumors of the head and neck resembling cutaneous mixed tumors may be misdiagnosed pleomorphic adenomas of salivary gland origin. Physicians should consider salivary mixed tumors in the differential diagnosis for suspected cutaneous tumors.
A woman with eptifibatide (integrilin)‐induced thrombocytopenia following treatment of a clot in her coronary artery: A case report and literature review
Authors: Safi Morteza , Nazari Roozbeh , Senobari Nahid , Taheri Homa , Ebrahimi Pouya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEptifibatide, a GPIIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor, has shown its efficacy and safety in patients with high clot burden in their coronary vessels. It is widely used in patients with this condition. However, this medication use is accompanied by complications in some cases. Thrombocytopenia which is a relatively common condition in patients admitted to the hospital, especially in the acute setting, can be caused by medications. This condition can occur as an antibody or non‐antibody‐mediated process, caused by medications, such as heparin, clopidogrel, and eptifibatide. In this case, we present a woman with acute coronary syndrome and a complex lesion with a clot in her coronary vessel who was treated with eptifibatide. It led to asymptomatic thrombocytopenia. Once detected in laboratory data, the infusion was held, and the platelet count recovered in less than 5 days without additional treatment for this adverse effect. Eptifibatide is a medication used to treat acute coronary syndrome patients with a large thrombus in their coronary vessels. The mechanism of inducing thrombocytopenia by eptifibatide has not been proven yet, but it might be related to IgG antibodies. The severity of the disease can vary significantly, and the treatment is based on this factor. However, the main pillar of the treatment is the cessation of eptifibatide as soon as possible. This case draws the attention of physicians to one of the infrequent adverse effects of a commonly used medication in cardiology patients. Thrombocytopenia and its manifestations should be investigated and considered in patients who receive eptifibatide.
Engineering Tauriopine Dehydrogenase for Efficient Catalytic Synthesis of (R)‐Alpha‐Ethyl‐2‐Oxo‐1‐Pyrrolidineacetic Acid
Authors: Zhen Xin , Feng XiSong , Song Wei , Wei Wanqing , Wu Jing , Wen Jian , Hu Guipeng , Li Xiaomin , Gao Cong , Chen Xiulai , Liu Liming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe synthetic pathway for Etiracetam depends on alpha‐ethyl‐2‐oxo‐1‐pyrrolidineacetic acid (AEOPA) as a crucial intermediate. This paper presents an enzymatic synthesis approach for producing (R)‐AEOPA. Through database mining, we discovered a tauriopine dehydrogenase capable of catalyzing the reaction between γ‐aminobutyric acid and 2‐oxobutyric acid, resulting in the synthesis of (R)‐4‐(carboxypropylamino) butyric acid with a specific activity of 6.74 U/mg. By enhancing substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of CgTaDH through protein engineering, we achieved a 5.9‐fold increase in enzyme activity compared to the wild type. Further optimization led to a space‐time yield (STY) of 3.95 g/L/h for (R)‐4‐(carboxypropyl amino) butyric acid and a high yield of 73.0 % for the final product, (R)‐AEOPA. This study demonstrates a novel synthesis method for (R)‐AEOPA and highlights the potential of biocatalysis in improving the production of Etiracetam through successful enzymatic processes.
Biomimetic Nanocomposites for Glioma Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Chi Siyu , Wang Caixia , Liu Zhihong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlioma, the most common primary brain tumor, is highly invasive and grows rapidly. As such, the survival of glioma patients is relatively short, highlighting the vital importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of glioma. However, the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the non‐targeting delivery systems of contrast agents and drugs greatly hinder the effective glioma imaging and therapy. Fortunately, in recent years, investigators have constructed various biomimetic delivery platforms utilizing the exceptional advantages of biomimetic nanocomposites, such as immune evasion, homologous targeting ability, and BBB penetrating ability, to achieve efficient and precise delivery of substances to glioma sites for improved diagnosis and treatment. In this concept, we present the application of these biomimetic nanocomposites in fluorescence imaging (FI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and multi‐modal imaging, as well as in chemotherapy, phototherapy, and combined therapy for glioma. Lastly, we provide our perspective on this research field.
Photocontrolled Binding of Styrylnaphthyridine Ligands to Abasic Site‐Containing DNA by Reversible [2+2] Cycloaddition and Cycloreversion
Authors: Schlosser Julika , Ihmels Heiko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFive novel styrylnaphthyridine derivatives were synthesized and shown to operate as photoswitchable, selective ligands for abasic site‐containing DNA (AP‐DNA), which is an important therapeutic and diagnostic target. These compounds associate with AP‐DNA with binding constants of 0.5–8.4×104 M−1 as shown by photometric and fluorimetric titrations. Specifically, these ligands bind preferentially to AP‐DNA relative to regularly paired duplex DNA. As a special feature, the association of these ligands with DNA can be controlled by means of a reversible [2+2] photocycloaddition. Upon irradiation at 420 nm the photodimer is formed, which does not bind to AP‐DNA. In turn, the naphthyridine is regained with excitation at 315 nm. Most notably, this photoinduced deactivation and release of the DNA ligand can be performed in situ in the presence of AP‐DNA, thus providing a tool for on‐demand delivery of a DNA binder. Overall, these results provide a promising starting point for the development of functional AP‐DNA ligands whose bioactivity can be modulated by light with local and temporal control.
Parametric Analysis of Donor Activation for Glycosylation Reactions
Authors: Lin Mei‐Huei , Kuo Yan‐Ting , Danglad‐Flores José , Sletten Eric T. , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe chemical synthesis of complex oligosaccharides relies on efficient and highly reproducible glycosylation reactions. The outcome of a glycosylation is contingent upon several environmental factors, such as temperature, acidity, the presence of residual moisture, as well as the steric, electronic, and conformational aspects of the reactants. Each glycosylation proceeds rapidly and with a high yield within a rather narrow temperature range. For better control over glycosylations and to ensure fast and reliable reactions, a systematic analysis of 18 glycosyl donors revealed the effect of reagent concentration, water content, protecting groups, and structure of the glycosyl donors on the activation temperature. With these insights, we parametrize the first step of the glycosylation reaction to be executed reliably and efficiently.