bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Polyneuropathy in Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes Is Associated With Abdominal Obesity and Macroangiopathy
Authors: Ziegler Dan , Rathmann Wolfgang , Dickhaus Thorsten , Meisinger Christa , Mielck Andreas ,   for the KORA Study Group
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE—It is controversial whether there is a glycemic threshold above which polyneuropathy develops and which are the most important factors associated with polyneuropathy in the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of polyneuropathy in subjects with diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or normal glucose tolerance (NGT).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Subjects with diabetes (n = 195) and control subjects matched for age and sex (n = 198) from the population-based MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants on Cardiovascular Diseases)/KORA (Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg) Augsburg Surveys 1989/1990 (S2) and 1994/1995 (S3) aged 25–74 years were contacted again and assessed in 1997/1998 by the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument using a score cut point &gt;2. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in the control subjects.
RESULTS—Among the control subjects, 46 (23.2%) had IGT, 71 (35.9%) had IFG, and 81 had NGT. The prevalence of polyneuropathy was 28.0% in the diabetic subjects, 13.0% in those with IGT, 11.3% in those with IFG, and 7.4% in those with NGT (P ≤ 0.05 for diabetes vs. NGT, IFG, and IGT). In the entire population studied (n = 393), age, waist circumference, and diabetes were independent factors significantly associated with polyneuropathy, whereas in the diabetic group polyneuropathy was associated with age, waist circumference, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (all P &lt; 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS—The prevalence of polyneuropathy is slightly increased in individuals with IGT and IFG compared with those with NGT. The association with waist circumference and PAD suggests that the latter and abdominal obesity may constitute important targets for strategies to prevent diabetic polyneuropathy.
Elevated Depression Symptoms, Antidepressant Medicine Use, and Risk of Developing Diabetes During the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Rubin Richard R. , Ma Yong , Marrero David G. , Peyrot Mark , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth L. , Kahn Steven E. , Haffner Steven M. , Price David W. , Knowler William C. ,   for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE—To assess the association between elevated depression symptoms or antidepressant medicine use on entry to the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and during the study and the risk of developing diabetes during the study.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—DPP participants (n = 3,187) in three treatment arms (intensive lifestyle [ILS], metformin [MET], and placebo [PLB]) completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and reported their use of antidepressant medication at randomization and throughout the study (average duration in study 3.2 years).
RESULTS—When other factors associated with the risk of developing diabetes were controlled, elevated BDI scores at baseline or during the study were not associated with diabetes risk in any arm. Baseline antidepressant use was associated with diabetes risk in the PLB (hazard ratio 2.25 [95% CI 1.38–3.66]) and ILS (3.48 [1.93–6.28]) arms. Continuous antidepressant use during the study (compared with no use) was also associated with diabetes risk in the same arms (PLB 2.60 [1.37–4.94]; ILS 3.39 [1.61–7.13]), as was intermittent antidepressant use during the study in the ILS arm (2.07 [1.18–3.62]). Among MET arm participants, antidepressant use was not associated with developing diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS—A strong and statistically significant association between antidepressant use and diabetes risk in the PLB and ILS arms was not accounted for by measured confounders or mediators. If future research finds that antidepressant use independently predicts diabetes risk, efforts to minimize the negative effects of antidepressant agents on glycemic control should be pursued.
Metabolic and Immunological Features of the Failing Islet-Transplanted Patient
Authors: Fiorina Paolo , Vergani Andrea , Petrelli Alessandra , D'Addio Francesca , Monti Lucilla , Abdi Reza , Bosi Emanuele , Maffi Paola , Secchi Antonio 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE—This retrospective study was designed to identify metabolic and immune predictors of early islet allograft failure.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We measured several metabolic and immunological markers at the time of pretransplant and several time points posttransplantation in 17 patients with long-term functioning graft (long fx) and 20 patients with short-term functioning graft (short fx).
RESULTS—The short fx group showed higher insulin resistance, altered proinsulin processing, lower soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2r) (marker of T-cell activation), and higher soluble FasL (marker of apoptosis) during the entire follow-up, particularly at time of failure.
CONCLUSIONS—Patients who experienced an early failure of islet allograft showed specific metabolic and immunological signs long before islet failure.
Factors Affecting Use of Insulin Pens by Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rubin Richard R. , Peyrot Mark 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE—To assess factors that might affect patient use of insulin pens.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Patients (n = 600: 300 using vial and syringe and 300 using pen) were recruited from national panels to participate in computer-assisted telephone interviews. Measures included: demographic characteristics; diabetes treatment and self-care factors; perceptions of pen convenience, clinical efficacy, facilitation of self-care, and cost; and degree of physicians' recommending pen use.
RESULTS—Physician recommendation of pen use powerfully discriminated pen users from nonusers (odds ratio 135.6). Other factors that discriminated pen users included physicians' presenting pens as an option (14.1) and patient perceptions that pens facilitate diabetes self-care (20.2) and are not costly (4.8).
CONCLUSIONS—The physician's role in presenting the pen as an option and recommending pen use was a critical factor in patient pen use. Enhanced physician education regarding the potential benefits of pen use and encouraging physicians to discuss pen use with patients could improve diabetes outcomes.
Effects of alcohol intoxication and aggressivity on aggressive verbalizations during anger arousal
Authors: Eckhardt Christopher I. , Crane Cory 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe examined the moderating effect of dispositional aggressivity on the relationship between alcohol intoxication and aggressive verbalizations. Using a laboratory anger‐induction task that simulated an interpersonal conflict as a method to assess aggressive verbalizations (the articulated thoughts in simulated situations paradigm), 70 participants (33 women, 37 men) consumed either an alcoholic or a placebo beverage, and then imagined a series of audiorecorded interpersonal scenarios. Two blind‐to‐condition raters assessed the frequency of participants' aggressive verbalizations (insults, aggressive threats, belligerent provocations) articulated during anger arousal. Aggressivity was assessed using a standard measure of dispositional aggression. Results supported the aggressivity moderation hypothesis: intoxicated participants high in aggressivity responded with significantly more aggressive verbalizations relative to low‐aggressivity participants regardless of beverage condition, and three times more aggressive verbalizations relative to the high‐aggressivity/placebo group. There were no gender effects. These data support the hypothesis that alcohol potentiates aggression primarily among individuals at dispositional risk for engaging in such a behavior. Aggr. Behav. 34:428–436, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Triantennary Dendritic Galactoside‐Capped Nanohybrid with a ZnS/CdSe Nanoparticle Core as a Hydrophilic, Fluorescent, Multivalent Probe for Metastatic Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Chien‐Tien , Munot Yogesh S. , Salunke Santosh B. , Wang Yi‐Ching , Lin Ruo‐Kai , Lin Chun‐Cheng , Chen Chia‐Chun , Liu Y‐Hasin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new tri‐antennary, galactoside‐capped gallamide dendritic anchor with thiolate focal group is synthesized via click chemistry. The highly hydrophilic dendron was efficiently anchored onto the surface of CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanoparticles in a covalent fashion, as evidenced by 1H NMR spectrum of the resultant nanohybrid with intact core fluorescent property. The water‐soluble nano‐hybrid was found smoothly and selectively uptaken by lung cancer cells enriched with membrane‐bound asialoprotein receptors in 2–3 h, as evidenced by confocal microscopic analysis. Furthermore, cancer cells that are undergoing active mitosis also tend to uptake the nanohybrids efficiently and remain sustainable in serum‐containing medium for several days, which shed light on its application as a photodynamic drug carrier for apoptosis study.
New Nanostructured TiO2 for Direct Electrochemistry and Glucose Sensor Applications
Authors: Bao Shu‐Juan , Li Chang Ming , Zang Jian‐Feng , Cui Xiao‐Qiang , Qiao Yan , Guo Jun 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new, slack, and uniformly porous TiO2 material is synthesized by a simple, carbon nanotube (CNT) template‐assisted hydrothermal method and is further explored for protein immobilization and biosensing. Results demonstrate that the material has a large specific surface area and a unique nanostructure with a uniform pore‐size distribution. Glucose oxidase (GOD) immobilized on the material exhibits facile, direct electrochemistry and good electrocatalytic performance without any electron mediator. The fabricated glucose oxidase sensor shows good stability and high sensitivity, which indicates that the slack porous TiO2 is an attractive material for use in the fabrication of biosensors, particularly enzymatic sensors, because of its direct electrochemistry, high specific surface area, and unique nanostructure for efficient immobilization of biomolecules.
Reflux of jugular and retrobulbar venous flow in transient monocular blindness
Authors: Hsu Hung‐Yi , Chao A‐Ching , Chen Yen‐Yu , Yang Fu‐Yi , Chung Chih‐Ping , Sheng Wen‐Yung , Yen May‐Yung , Hu Han‐Hwa 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectiveTransient monocular blindness (TMB) attacks may occur during straining activities that impede cerebral venous return. Disturbance of cerebral and orbital venous circulation may be involved in TMB.MethodsDuplex ultrasonography and Doppler‐flow measurement of jugular and retrobulbar veins were performed in 134 consecutive patients with TMB and 134 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. All recruited patients received thorough examinations to screen for possible underlying causes.ResultsOf the 134 patients with TMB, 48 patients had ipsilateral carotid arterial lesion and 7 patients had TMB attack(s) caused by cardiac embolism. Of the remaining 79 patients with undetermined cause, 46 had 3 or more TMB attacks (undetermined‐frequent group) and 33 had fewer than 3 attacks. In comparison with the control subjects, the TMB patients had greater frequencies of jugular venous reflux (57 vs 30%; p < 0.0001; odds ratio [OR]: 3.079, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.861–5.096) and flow reversal in the superior ophthalmic vein (RSOV; 37 vs 9%; p < 0.0001; OR: 6.052, CI: 3.040–12.048). The undetermined‐frequent group had the greatest frequencies of jugular venous reflux (74%, 34 patients; OR: 6.66, CI: 3.13–14.17) and RSOV (59%, 27 patients; OR: 6.51, CI: 3.12–13.58). Of the 50 patients with RSOV, 47 (94%) had RSOV on the side of the TMB attacks.InterpretationThe increased incidences of jugular and orbital venous reflux in TMB patients suggest that disturbance of cerebral and orbital venous circulation is involved in the pathogenesis of TMB, especially among patients with frequent attacks of undetermined cause. Ann Neurol 2008
Achieving the nitrite pathway using aeration phase length control and step‐feed in an SBR removing nutrients from abattoir wastewater
Authors: Lemaire Romain , Marcelino Marcos , Yuan Zhiguo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAeration phase length control and step‐feed of wastewater are used to achieve nitrogen removal from wastewater via nitrite in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). Aeration is switched off as soon as ammonia oxidation is completed, which is followed by the addition of a fraction of the wastewater that the SBR receives over a cycle to facilitate denitrification. The end‐point of ammonia oxidation is detected from the on‐line measured pH and oxygen uptake rate (OUR). The method was implemented in an SBR achieving biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from anaerobically pre‐treated abattoir wastewater. The degree of nitrite accumulation during the aeration period was monitored along with the variation in the nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) population using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. It is demonstrated that the nitrite pathway could be repeatedly and reliably achieved, which significantly reduced the carbon requirement for nutrient removal. Model‐based studies show that the establishment of the nitrite pathway was primarily the result of a gradual reduction of the amount of nitrite that is available to provide energy for the growth of NOB, eventually leading to the elimination of NOB from the system. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 1228–1236. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Jung's social psychological meanings
Authors: Richards Graham 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe latter decades of the 20th century saw C.G. Jung doubly marginalized, both by Psychology's academic establishment, for whom he was beyond the scientific pale, and by critical psychologists for whom he was, to simplify, beyond the ideological one. In this paper, I will suggest that there are two respects in which Social Psychology should reconsider his position. Firstly his own, albeit largely covert, Social Psychology, has affinities with critical Social Psychology; secondly, in the subject matter sense, Jung's own social psychological significance in the mid‐20th century and beyond itself requires attention in its own right. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes of nonagenarians who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention with drug‐eluting stents
Authors: Lee Michael S. , Zimmer Raymond , Pessegueiro Antonio , Jurewitz Daniel , Tobis Jonathan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground: Age is an important predictor of mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The safety and efficacy of PCI with drug‐eluting stents (DES) in nonagenarians have not been extensively studied. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 889 consecutive patients identified 28 (3.1%) nonagenarians who underwent PCI with DES from May 2003 to December 2005 at our institution. Results: The mean age was 92 ± 2 years, 39% were male, and 4% were diabetic. Sirolimus‐eluting stents were used in 79%. A mean of 1.5 ± 0.9 stents/patient were implanted with a total stent length of 31 ± 20 mm. Twenty‐nine percent presented with unstable angina and 39% with myocardial infarction. The angiographic success rate obtained was 100%. The 30‐day mortality rate was 21%. The 6 patients who died within 30 days included 3 patients who had cardiogenic shock and one patient with critical aortic stenosis who died due to complications during percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty. The cumulative survival rate for all nonagenarians at 1 year and 3 years was (68 ± 9)% and (61 ± 9)%. When the four patients who were in extremis on presentation were excluded, there were no in‐hospital deaths, the 30‐day mortality was 8%, and the 1 year and 3 year survival rate was (79 ± 8)% and (71 ± 9)% for the nonagenarians. No patient had definite stent thrombosis. Conclusions: The majority of the nonagenarians who underwent PCI with DES presented with acute coronary syndrome. Percutaneous coronary intervention with DES was safe in nonagenarians as there were no in‐hospital deaths and acceptable 3‐year survival rates when patients who were in extremis on presentation were excluded. The high‐risk profile of these patients and the expected attrition of nonagenarians may contribute to their mortality rates. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complications associated with transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects
Authors: Zhou Tao , Shen Xiang‐Qian , Zhou Sheng‐Hua , Fang Zhen‐Fei , Hu Xin‐Qun , Zhao Yan‐Shu , Qi Shu‐Shan , Li Jiang , Lv Xiao‐Lin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives: To identify the complications associated with transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (PmVSD) using the Amplazter PmVSD occluder (AGA Medical, USA). Methods: Between October 2002 and November 2006, transcatheter closure PmVSD was attempted in 210 patients and performed in 206 patients. Those patients were followed‐up for 6–24 months (mean, 10.6 ± 3.9 months) to identify the complications. Results: Device implantation was successfully accomplished in 206 of the 210 patients (98%). Serious complications such as high degree atrioventricular block (AV block), infective endocarditis, and device embolization occurred in eight cases (3.8%). Other complications including mild aortic or tricuspid regurgitation, femoral pseudoaneurysm, and femoral arteriovenous fistula occurred in four cases. Conclusions: Transcathter closure of PmVSD can be performed safely and successfully. But further studies should continue to evaluate the potential complications associated with this procedure. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of the Stereotaxis Niobe® magnetic navigation system for percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from 350 consecutive patients
Authors: Kiemeneij Ferdinand , Patterson Mark S. , Amoroso Giovanni , Laarman GertJan , Slagboom Ton 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIntroduction: The Stereotaxis Niobe® magnetic navigation system (MNS; Stereotaxis, St. Louis, MO) facilitates precise vector based navigation of magnetically‐enabled guidewires for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by using two permanent magnets located on opposite sides of the patient table to produce a controllable magnetic field. The objective of this study is to describe the results of a large patient series using this system, to compare the results with a historical control group, and to detail the MNS learning curve. Methods: We prospectively collected data on 439 lesions in 350 consecutive PCI patients using the MNS predominantly using the radial approach. All data were entered into a customized database to capture the key parameters and then compared with a previously collected stent registry from the same center. Results: In 410/439 lesions (93%) the wire crossed the lesion successfully using the MNS. Twenty‐five of the 35 failures were chronic total occlusions. No wire perforations or dissections occurred in this population. Lesion crossing time was 81 ± 168 sec (mean ± SD), and fluoroscopy time was 64 ± 123 sec. A clear learning curve was evident after the first 80 patients. Contrast use was reduced when compared with a historical control group. Procedural and fluoroscopy times were similar. Conclusions: Use of the MNS may enable the successful performance of more complex procedures in the cardiac catheterization laboratory with an improvement in time efficiency. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy for malignant pericardial effusion
Authors: Swanson Neil , Mirza Intisar , Wijesinghe Namal , Devlin Gerard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives: Pericardial effusion associated with malignancy is a life‐threatening complication of late‐stage disease. While simple drainage is effective in relieving the symptoms, reaccumulation of effusion may cause further symptomatic episodes, often during a period when overall patient management is focused on improving the quality of remaining life. Over a 16‐year period, we have adopted a strategy of managing such patients with balloon pericardiotomy as the initial preferred treatment. The results are described and compared to alternative management strategies. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who presented with symptomatic, malignant pericardial effusion, their management, procedural complication rates, and the need for further therapy for the same condition was made. Survival, reaccumulation rates, and readmissions after the index procedure were recorded and compared. Results: Forty‐three patients were treated for malignant pericardial effusion. Balloon pericardiotomy was the primary treatment in 27/43 patients, simple drainage in 14/43, and surgery in 2/43. Reaccumulation rates between balloon pericardiotomy and simple aspiration (7.4% vs. 14.3%, respectively, P = 0.48) and complication rates (7.4% vs. 7.1%, respectively, P = 0.98) were not statistically different. Survival following intervention was driven by the underlying pathology and was poor, with overall median survival of 56 days. Conclusions: Balloon pericardiotomy, as initial management of symptomatic malignant pericardial effusions, allows a definitive procedure to be performed at presentation. This can be achieved with low complication rates, similar to treatment by simple drainage. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Starting a carotid artery stenting program is safe
Authors: Roffi Marco , Greutmann Matthias , Eberli Franz R. , Rainoni Lisa , Lüscher Thomas F. , Amann‐Vesti Beatrice , Schwarz Urs 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground: Little is known on the performance of newly initiated carotid artery stenting (CAS) programs. The safety of the procedure is being questioned following the publication of the EVA‐3S trial, a study criticized for the limited interventional experience required to enroll patients. Methods: Within a newly started academic CAS program, patient data and outcomes were collected prospectively. The outcomes of the first 100 consecutive patients treated are reported. A CAS‐fellowship‐trained interventionalist was involved in all procedures. All patients underwent clinical assessment by a neurologist before and after the procedure, and serial ECG and cardiac enzymes were routinely obtained. Primary outcome measures included 30‐day major adverse events (MAE), defined as death, stroke, or myocardial infarction, while on follow‐up deaths and ipsilateral strokes were added. Results: Between July 2003 and November 2006, 92 patients had a single internal carotid artery treated, while 7 underwent staged bilateral CAS. In one patient, the procedure was aborted prior to lesion treatment. The 30‐day MAE rate per procedure was 1.9% (one major and one minor stroke). By a mean follow‐up of 16 months (range 2–42 months), one patient had died of refractory heart failure, while one patient had a minor ipsilateral stroke and three had minor contralateral strokes, corresponding to total MAE per patient of 4%. The rate of any stroke or death was 7%. The rate of restenosis ≥50% per lesion by ultrasound was 3.8%. Conclusion: This single center experience suggests that it is safe to start a CAS program following dedicated fellowship. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.