bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial analysis of measles cases and vaccination coverage in the Somali region, eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Muse Abdilahi Ibrahim , Kayat Mahdi Yonis , Aden Mohamed Harir , Shuramu Jemal Beksisa , Mohammed Shikur , Ibrahim Musse Ahmed , Berhe Binyam Mohammedbirhan , Kalinle Ahmed Abdi , Abdilahi Sahardiid Ali 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundMeasles is a major public health concern that causes morbidity and mortality among children. In 2019, measles incidence reached its highest level in 23 years, with low measles containing vaccine dose one coverage playing a vital role. It can be prevented by two doses of the measles vaccine, either alone or in combination with measles-rubella (MR), which is a low-cost strategy for lowering morbidity and mortality among children.ObjectivesTo conduct spatial analysis of measles cases and vaccination coverage in the Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia.MethodsThis retrospective study was done by using public health emergency directorate measles data from 2022 to 2023 and four years (July 2019–July 2023) of vaccination data from district health information system version 2.36. After the data completeness and consistency were ensured, it was cleaned and recoded. STATA version 17 and QGIS version 3.38 software were used for the data analysis.ResultsFrom 2022 to 2023, the disease affected more than 5,930 people. The majority of the participants, 5,260 (88.7%), were under the age of 59 months, with 3,184 (53.7%) being male. Furthermore, the majority of residents were from Nogob 2,238 (37.7%), Erer 1,027 (17.3%), and Jarar 954 (16.1%). According to clinical symptoms, 5,930 (100%) of the cases had fever, cough, and rash, and more than two-thirds, 4,901 (82.6%), had complications. A measles vaccination coverage of 59.4% and a measles incidence of 0.087 per 100 people were found in the region.ConclusionsThis study found a very low measles vaccination coverage. Furthermore, Nogob, Erer, and Jarar zones showed the highest measles incidence rate, respectively. It is recommended to strengthen routine immunization services according to the national vaccination agenda, categorize, and reach unvaccinated children through catch-up vaccination campaigns. A concerted effort should be made to improve MCV2 coverage in hard-to-reach areas of the region. Special focus should be given to vaccine cold chain management in the zone and its districts with high vaccination coverage but also a high measles incidence rate. An investigation should be done into the associated factors of the higher incidence despite its vaccination coverage.
Predicting pregnancy loss and its determinants among reproductive-aged women using supervised machine learning algorithms in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Yehuala Tirualem Zeleke , Mengesha Sara Beyene , Baykemagn Nebebe Demis 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundPregnancy loss is a significant public health issue globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where maternal health outcomes continue to be a major concern. Despite notable progress in improving maternal health, pregnancy-related complications, including s due to miscarriages, stillbirths, and induced abortions, continue to impact women's health, social wellbeing, and economic stability in the region. This study aims to identify the key predictors of pregnancy loss and develop effective predictive models for pregnancy loss among reproductive-aged women in SSA.MethodsWe derived the data for this cross-sectional study from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey of Sub-Saharan African countries. Python software was used to process the data, and machine learning techniques such as Random Forest, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and Gaussian were applied. The performance of the predictive models was evaluated using several standard metrics, including the ROC curve, accuracy score, precision, recall, and F-measure.ResultThe final experimental results indicated that the Random Forest model performed the best in predicting pregnancy loss, achieving an accuracy of 98%, precision of 98%, F-measure of 83%, ROC curve of 94%, and recall of 77%. The Gaussian model had the lowest classification accuracy, with an accuracy of 92.64% compared to the others. Based on SHPY values, unmarried women may be more likely to experience pregnancy loss, particularly in contexts where premarital pregnancies are stigmatized. The use of antenatal care and family planning services can significantly impact the risk of pregnancy loss. Women from lower-income backgrounds may face challenges in accessing prenatal care or safe reproductive health services, leading to higher risks of loss. Additionally, higher levels of education are often correlated with increased awareness of family planning methods and better access to healthcare, which can reduce the likelihood of unintended pregnancy loss.ConclusionThe Random Forest machine learning model demonstrates greater predictive power in estimating pregnancy loss risk factors. Machine learning can help facilitate early prediction and intervention for women at high risk of pregnancy loss. Based on these findings, we recommend policy measures aimed at reducing pregnancy loss Sub-Saharan African countries.
Bibliometric analysis of targeted immunotherapy for osteosarcoma-current knowledge, hotspots and future perspectives
Authors: Hu Yunxiang , Yang Rui , Ni Shuai , Song Zefeng 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis on examining the current condition, areas of interest, and rising trends of immunotherapy for osteosarcoma (ITFOS), as well as its importance in associated research domains.MethodsAn extensive collection of academic papers on the use of ITFOS was obtained from the Web of Science between January 1, 2000 and October 20, 2023. Then, using a variety of tools like HisCite, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the bibliometrix package, a bibliometric study was carried out. This study included the collection of information on country, institution, author, journal, and keywords.ResultsA comprehensive analysis was undertaken on a total of 616 publications obtained from 247 journals, encompassing the contributions of 3725 authors affiliated with 831 institutes spanning across 43 countries/regions. Notably, China exhibited the highest quantity of published 277 (44.99%) articles on ITFOS. The most productive institution was Zhejiang University, with 26 (4.22%) publications. The author with the highest publication output was Tsukahara, Tomohide from Japan with 15 (2.44%) publications. The article with the most citation was “DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.58.0225”. Frontiers in Immunology demonstrated the highest level of productivity, having published a total of 31 (5.03%) articles. The most frequently used were “osteosarcoma,” “immunotherapy,” and “cancer,”. Meanwhile, “sequencing”, “prognostic signature” and “immune microenvironment“ have been identified as the research frontiers for the forthcoming years.ConclusionThis paper provides a thorough evaluation of current research trends and advancements in ITFOS. It includes relevant research findings and emphasizes collaborative efforts among authors, institutions, and countries.
Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with hepatic fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Wu Yunfei , Zheng Guojun , Zhang Fan , Li Wenjian 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels and hepatic fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and assess its predictive efficacy.MethodsThe study included 1,477 participants from the United States and 1,531 from China diagnosed with MASLD. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were assessed by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) to evaluate the presence and degree of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. The relationship between hsCRP levels and hepatic fibrosis in MASLD patients was examined using multivariable-adjusted and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the potential heterogeneity among different characteristic subgroups.ResultsThe results demonstrated a significant correlation between elevated hsCRP levels and an increased risk of significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis in the US cohort of MASLD patients (OR 2.22, 1.69, and 2.85, respectively; all P &lt;0.05). The results of the Chinese cohort were consistent with those of the US cohort, and there was a significant and positive correlation between hsCRP levels and the risk of hepatic fibrosis in patients with MASLD (OR 2.53, 3.85, and 3.78, respectively, all P &lt;0.001). The RCS analysis revealed a significant non-linear relationship between hsCRP levels and the degree of hepatic fibrosis, with disparate inflection point values observed across different cohorts (approximately 9 mg/L in the US cohort and 4 mg/L in the Chinese cohort). The impact of hsCRP levels on the risk of hepatic fibrosis varied across different subgroups with distinct characteristics.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated a significant correlation between hsCRP levels and the degree of hepatic fibrosis in patients with MASLD, with notable dose-response relationships and subgroup differences.
Diagnostic efficacy and necessity of 18F-FDG PET/CT in fever of unknown origin: insights from a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yu Xiaoman , Wang Shuang , Du Na , Zhao Hongguang , Chen Haiying 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundDespite advancements in medical examination equipment and techniques, fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains challenging in internal medicine.PurposeThis study evaluates the diagnostic efficacy and necessity of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in patients with FUO.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the results of 18F-FDG PET/CT in a cohort of 284 patients with FUO admitted to the Department of Infection at the First Hospital of Jilin University between January 2018 and March 2024. All patients received a final clinical diagnosis after various treatments, which helped determine the diagnostic relevance of identified lesions using 18F-FDG PET/CT. Additionally, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive value of relevant laboratory indices on the true-positive results of 18F-FDG PET/CT. The diagnostic performance for different etiologies of FUO was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsOf the 284 enrolled patients, infectious diseases were diagnosed in 53 (18.7%), non-infectious inflammatory diseases in 76 (26.8%), malignant tumors in 66 (23.2%), and 89 (31.3%) remained undiagnosed. The final diagnoses of 136 patients (47.9%) correlated with their 18F-FDG PET/CT results, yielding a sensitivity of 79.5%, specificity of 61.1%, positive predictive value of 75.6%, and negative predictive value of 66.3%. Furthermore, a correlation was found between localized pain, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and true-positive 18F-FDG PET/CT results.ConclusionThe high diagnostic efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in FUO suggests its potential as a routine imaging modality, which could enhance patient management and reduce the need for costly and unnecessary invasive procedures. The identification of clinical factors that are predictive of true-positive diagnosis could facilitate more effective allocation of PET/CT imaging.
Efferocytosis and inflammation: a bibliometric and systematic analysis
Authors: Cao Xin , Li Fen , Xie Xi , Ling Guanghui , Tang Xiaoyu , He Wenfang , Tian Jing , Ge Yan 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo visualize and analyze the trends and hotspots of efferocytosis and inflammation via bibliometric methods.MethodsRelevant articles and reviews from 2006 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. The data were processed with CiteSpace, and some graphs were generated with Microsoft Excel (version 2016), VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, Bibliometrix and R Studio.ResultsA total of 1,003 papers were included, revealing a significant upward trend in efferocytosis and inflammation research. The United States (456, 45.46%), China (164, 16.35%) and the United Kingdom (99, 9.87%) were the three countries with the highest numbers of publications. Harvard University (84, 6.74%) contributes the most out of the top 5 institutions. Among the researchers in this field, Serhan CN was the author with the highest number of articles in the field (35, 3.49%), and deCathelineau AM first named “efferocytosis” in 2003. Keyword analysis identified “activation,” “tam receptors,” “docosahexaenoic acid” “systemic lupus erythematosus,” “myocardial infarction” and “alveolar macrophages” as core topics, indicating a concentrated trend in the mechanism of physiological state and inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune, cardiovascular, and pulmonary diseases. The latest surge words “inflammation resolution” and “cancer” in the keyword heatmap indicate future research directions.ConclusionResearch on the association between efferocytosis and inflammation has been a promising field. Key areas of focus include the crucial role of efferocytosis on tissue homeostasis and the pathogenesis of nontumorous inflammatory diseases. Future research will likely continue to explore these frontiers, with an emphasis on understanding efferocytosis in the context of chronic diseases and cancer, as well as developing novel therapeutic strategies.
A vacuum lyophilization and bacterial tablet-based method for culture medium evaluation and potential use in probiotic products
Authors: Cui Wen , Zhao Liang , Shi Yuwen , Feng Wei , Chen Xiao , Liu Hui 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe fundamental step in microbiological detection is the preparation of culture medium. The reliability and accuracy of microbiological assay heavily relies on this step. Currently in China, the most recognized standard method for such medium evaluation is ISO 11133-2014. However, this method requires highly complicated biosafety management, detailed standard strains record-keeping and substantial working time.Methods and resultsBacterial tablet is considered to be a novel strategy for bacteria culture medium evaluation. The filter membrane as a carrier ensures uniform cell dispersion, forming a singular colony that can facilitate counting. We examined the viability and storage durability of vacuum freeze-dried bacterial tablets using a filter membrane as a carrier and utilized the results to evaluate culture medium. We found that the recipe GBSS (Glycerinum, Brain Heart Infusion, Sucrose, Sodium Glutamate) showed the highest survival rate for Escherichia coli in vacuum freeze-drying. As a qualified medium, the productivity of target bacterium should be greater than 0.7. A comparison of freeze-dried bacterial tablet method with ISO 11133-2014 quantitative method showed the sensitivity and specificity of this novel method were 94.1% and 88.9% respectively. The results suggested that vacuum freeze-dried bacterial tablet method had high conformity when compared to ISO 11133-2014 quantitative method (χ2 = 0.25, p &gt; 0.05; Kappa = 0.75).DiscussionHence, vacuum freeze-drying method is an integral part of preservation of bacterial strains and the preparation of related biological products. In conclusion, we have developed a novel and effective disposable product for estimating efficiency of the culture medium.
Cassava–soybean intercropping alleviates continuous cassava cropping obstacles by improving its rhizosphere microecology
Authors: Chen Huixian , Ruan Lixia , Cao Sheng , He Wen , Yang Haixia , Liang Zhenhua , Li Hengrui , Wei Wanling , Huang Zhenling , Lan Xiu 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionContinuous cropping is the main cause of cassava yield reduction. To find an effective method to alleviate the obstacle of cassava continuous cropping and explore the effect of cassava–soybean intercropping, this study analysed the differences in cassava agronomic traits, yield, soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and metabolites between cassava single cropping (M) and cassava–soybean intercropping (MD) and its effects on continuous cassava cropping soil.MethodsThe correlations between yield, agronomic traits, soil physicochemical properties, microbial diversity, and metabolites were explored, and the effect of the cassava–soybean intercropping model on cassava soil was revealed.ResultsThe results showed that compared with group M, soil pH, porosity, organic matter, available nitrogen, and fresh potato yield in the MD group significantly increased by 8.59, 13.66, 20.68, 23.29, and 50.61%, respectively, and soil bulk density significantly decreased by 9.68%. Soil bacterial community diversity in the MD group did not change significantly but had significant effects on soil fungal community diversity. The relative abundances of Trichoderma and Micropsalliota in the MD group were significantly upregulated. The contents of phenol glucuronide, 2,3-butanediol, L-phenylalanine, deoxyguanosine, other carbohydrates, alcohols, purine nucleotides, and amino acids in the soil of the MD group were significantly upregulated. Organic acids, such as fumaric acid, succinic acid, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, decreased significantly. Correlation analysis showed that Trichoderma was significantly negatively correlated with fumaric acid, succinic acid, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, and soil bulk density. However, there was significant positive correlation with phenol glucuronide, alpha-CEHC deoxyguanosine and other carbohydrates, nucleotide substances, organic matter, and pH. Phenol glucuronide, 2,3-butanediol, L-phenylalanine, deoxyguanosine and other carbohydrates, alcohols, purine nucleotides, and amino acids were significantly positively correlated with organic matter, available nitrogen, soil porosity, and pH.DiscussionTherefore, cassava–soybean intercropping can effectively alleviate the obstacles of continuous cassava cropping by affecting the accumulation of metabolites and microbial community structure in continuous cropping soil, thereby improving the adverse factors of severe soil acidification, soil compaction, and nutrient decline.
iPSC-derived exosomes as amphotericin B carriers: a promising approach to combat cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Zhao Jingyu , Fang Wei , Gao Yangjie , Chen Jiquan , Wang Guizhen , Gu Julin 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundCryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a significant global health issue, particularly affecting individuals with HIV. Amphotericin B (AmB) serves as the cornerstone treatment for CM; however, its clinical application is restricted due to limited penetration of the blood–brain barrier and associated nephrotoxicity.ObjectiveThis study investigates the use of exosomes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-Exos) as carriers for AmB in treating CM, aiming to enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety and reduce AmB toxicity.MethodsExosomes were extracted from iPSC culture supernatants using ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation. Their morphology and size were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle flow cytometry (nFCM). Purity was confirmed by Western blotting for markers CD9, CD63, and TSG101. AmB was loaded into iPSC-Exos using a co-incubation method. The cytotoxicity of the iPSC-Exo/AmB complex was evaluated on HEK 293 T and RAW264.7 cells using the CCK-8 assay, while apoptosis was assessed using live/dead cell staining and flow cytometry. The hemolytic effects were tested using rabbit red blood cells. In a C57BL/6 J mouse model of cryptococcal infection, treatment groups (AmB, iPSC-Exo/AmB, and iPSC-Exo) were administered corresponding drugs, with blood and brain samples collected for analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of iPSC-Exo/AmB and conventional AmB against Cryptococcus was determined.ResultsThe iPSC-Exo/AmB complex exhibited reduced cytotoxicity in vitro and decreased AmB-induced renal and hepatic toxicity in vivo. Its MIC against Cryptococcus was over eight times lower than conventional AmB, significantly reducing fungal burden in the mouse brain and lowering serum inflammatory factors.ConclusionThe iPSC-Exo/AmB complex is a promising therapeutic strategy that enhances AmB efficacy while reducing toxicity, offering new hope for treating CM and other refractory fungal infections of the central nervous system.
Comparative studies on physicochemical properties, volatile flavor substances and microbial community of Mianning ham at different altitudes
Authors: Zeng Qianhui , Ji Lili , Wang Wei , Zhang Jiamin , Bai Ting , Gan Ling , Chen Lin 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThis study explores the impact of varying altitudes on the quality characteristics of Mianning ham.MethodsBy utilizing Solid-Phase Microextraction—Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technology and high-throughput sequencing techniques, the physicochemical properties, volatile flavor compounds, and shifts in microbial communities of Mianning ham at different altitudes were investigated.ResultsHam’s water content, aw, pH, malondialdehyde content,and nitrite content at high altitudes were higher, while the salt content of ham at low altitudes was higher. 112 volatile compounds were identified in ham fermented for 0, 1, and 2 years at low altitude and high altitude, and the volatile compounds in ham at high altitude were more abundant than those in ham at low altitude. The main flavor compounds were 1-octene-3-ol, Nonyl aldehyde, Octanal, and 15 other volatile compounds. At the phylum level, the dominant bacteria were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and the fungus was Basidiomycota. Staphylococcus was the dominant bacterium at the genus level, and Aspergillus was the dominant fungus.The correlation analysis of microorganisms and volatile flavor substances showed that Cobetia promoted the formation of Benzaldehyde in ham at low altitudes. In contrast, Kocuria promoted the formation of 1-Octanol, Heptanol,1-Butanol, 2-Heptanone, 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone, Octanal, and Hexanal in ham at high altitudes.DiscussionThere were obvious differences in the quality of Mianning ham between the two altitudes.