bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale identification of the inorganic shell of core (Co)/shell‐assembled nanoparticles
Authors: Simon Ghilhem , Costanzo Salvatore , Lisiecki Isabelle , Colomban Philippe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCore (Co)/shell (Co‐oxide) nanoparticles assembly exhibits interesting magnetic properties that depend on the inorganic shell characteristic (composition and crystalline structure). Assemblies of pure and partially oxidized cobalt (core/shell) nanoparticles, ~9 nm in diameter, were prepared and analyzed by techniques probing the matter at macroscale to nanoscale: UV–visible‐near‐infrared (NIR) transmission, FTIR, Raman microspectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Attention is paid to compare nonoxidized and (partially) oxidized Co nanoparticles, coated with lauric acid as stabilizing agent (ligands). The approximately 1 nm disordered inorganic coating is perfectly detected by transmission electron microscopy, UV–visible–NIR, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum is sensitive to laser wavelength and power due to the local heating induced by the laser, which modifies the interaction between the organic chains and the nanoparticle inorganic shell. For comparison, nanoparticle films were analyzed under heating from room temperature to 300°C. The “fusion” (dynamic disorder) of lauric (dodecanoic) chains is observed concomitantly with the merging of very low wavenumber Lambs' modes into a Rayleigh wing, which is consistent with an increase in the topological nanoparticle disorder. Hydroxylation or water adsorption is observed for Co film. The UV–visible–NIR and Raman spectra of the Co‐oxide shell do not correspond to that of CoO (rock salt) nor to that of Co3O4 (spinel) but has some similarity to that of 2D delafossite (CoOOH) phase.
New clues for postbiotics to improve host health: a review from the perspective of function and mechanisms
Authors: Yan Ruonan , Zeng Xiaoqun , Shen Jiamin , Wu Zhen , Guo Yuxing , Du Qiwei , Tu Maolin , Pan Daodong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStrain activity and stability severely limit the beneficial effects of probiotics in modulating host health. Postbiotics have emerged as a promising alternative as they can provide similar or even enhanced efficacy to probiotics, even under inactivated conditions. This review introduces the ingredients, preparation, and identification techniques of postbiotics, focusing on the comparison of the advantages and limitations between probiotics and postbiotics based on their mechanisms and applications. Inactivation treatment is the most significant difference between postbiotics and probiotics. We highlight the use of emerging technologies to inactivate probiotics, optimize process conditions to maintain the activity of postbiotics, or scale up their production. Postbiotics have high stability which can overcome unfavorable factors, such as easy inactivation and difficult colonization of probiotics after entering the intestine, and are rapidly activated, allowing continuous and rapid optimization of the intestinal microecological environment. They provide unique mechanisms, and multiple targets act on the gut–organ axis, co‐providing new clues for the study of the biological functions of postbiotics. We summarize the mechanisms of action of inactivated lactic acid bacteria, highlighting that the NF‐κB and MAPK pathways can be used as immune targeting pathways for postbiotic modulation of host health. Generally, we believe that as the classification, composition, and efficacy mechanism of postbiotics become clearer they will be more widely used in food, medicine, and other fields, greatly enriching the dimensions of food innovation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimization of computational intelligence approach for the prediction of glutinous rice dehydration
Authors: Jimoh Kabiru Ayobami , Hashim Norhashila , Shamsudin Rosnah , Che Man Hasfalina , Jahari Mahirah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFive computational intelligence approaches, namely Gaussian process regression (GPR), artificial neural network (ANN), decision tree (DT), ensemble of trees (EoT) and support vector machine (SVM), were used to describe the evolution of moisture during the dehydration process of glutinous rice. The hyperparameters of the models were optimized with three strategies: Bayesian optimization, grid search and random search. To understand the parameters that facilitate intelligence model adaptation to the dehydration process, global sensitivity analysis (GSA) was used to compute the impact of the input variables on the model output.RESULTThe result shows that the optimum computational intelligence techniques include the 3‐9‐1 topology trained with Bayesian regulation function for ANN, Gaussian kernel function for SVM, Matérn covariance function combined with zero mean function for GPR, boosting method for EoT and 4 minimum leaf size for DT. GPR has the highest performance with R2 of 100% and 99.71% during calibration and testing of the model, respectively. GSA reveals that all the models significantly rely on the variation in time as the main factor that affects the model outputs.CONCLUSIONTherefore, the computational intelligence models, especially GPR, can be applied for an effective description of moisture evolution during small‐scale and industrial dehydration of glutinous rice. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
3D printing of high solid Al2O3 ceramics based on green and renewable photosensitive resin with low viscosity and low shrinkage
Authors: Yao Xin , Hu Jun , Li Xiaojie , Wei Wei , Liu Ren , Liu Jingcheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA low‐viscosity bio‐based carbamate acrylate was synthesized by the reaction of pentamethylene diisocyanate derived from pentanediamine with a low molecular weight acrylate hydroxyl ester. The carbamate acrylate was used in the 3D printing of ceramics, and a correlation between the solid content and viscosity of the ceramic slurry was observed. The ceramic slurry exhibits good stability and low shrinkage. The results indicate that the viscosity of the ceramic slurry was 2.11 Pa s with a solid content of 80 wt%, which makes it suitable for digital light processing printing. In addition, a new type of photoinitiator called (2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)bis(p‐tolyl)phosphine oxide (TMO) has been applied, demonstrating excellent potential in ceramic slurry. According to its thermogravimetric curve, a debinding and sintering process was designed, and ultimately an Al2O3 device with a density of 94.49% was prepared.
Fractographic analysis of fiber‐reinforced polymer laminate composites for marine applications: A comprehensive review
Authors: Ojha Somanath , Bisaria Himanshu , Mohanty Smita , Kanny Krishnan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the past decade, polymer‐based glass fiber‐reinforced laminate composites have gained significant popularity in various mass transit applications, including marine, aircraft, and automotive industries. However, it is crucial to consider the degradation and potential failure of these materials, especially in mass transit networks. To address this concern, fractographic analysis has emerged as a valuable approach for investigating fracture surfaces, extracting vital information, and facilitating the development of new materials. Furthermore, it sheds light on the underlying physical mechanisms that contribute to composite failure. This paper primarily focuses on examining flaws, failure modes, and performing fractography analysis on fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) laminate composites subjected to various loading conditions such as tension, compression, flexure, impact, shear, and fracture. Fractography, as an indispensable method, plays a pivotal role in the comprehensive development of composite structures and has become a reliable tool for composite engineers. The outcomes of this study are expected to serve as a foundation for identifying areas that require further investigation in terms of fracture analysis and failure modes specific to FRP composite materials, particularly those used in marine applications.Highlights
Introduction to FRP laminate composites in marine structures.
Concise analysis of failure modes in FRP laminate composites.
SEM fractography review of FRP laminate composites under varied loading conditions.
Comprehensive study on tensile, flexural, impact, compression, shear, and fracture toughness failure modes.
Summarization of identified defects in FRP composites.
Prenatal diagnosis and in utero treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia: An up‐to‐date comprehensive review
Authors: Okpaise Oluwateniayo O. , Ahn Hyunyoung , Tonni Gabriele , Ruano Rodrigo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a term that encompasses a wide range of conditions that affect the adrenals. Diagnosis and treatment before birth are important as irreparable birth defects can be avoided, decreasing the need for surgical intervention later in life, especially regarding genitalia anomalies. Although early implementation of dexamethasone in the prenatal treatment of CAH has been controversial, there is recent evidence that this treatment can reduce long‐term complications.
Comparing the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) enrollment data death dates to the National Death Index (NDI)
Authors: Pennap Dinci , Swain Richard S. , Akhtar Sandia , Liao Jiemin , Wei Yuqin , Li Jiaqi , Wernecke Michael , MaCurdy Thomas E. , Kelman Jeffrey A. , Mosholder Andrew D. , Graham David J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeIn the United States, the National Death Index (NDI) is the most complete source of death information, while epidemiologic studies with mortality outcomes often rely on U.S. Medicare data for outcome ascertainment. The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement of death information between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare enrolment data and NDI.MethodsUsing Medicare and NDI data from 1999 through 2016, we identified Medicare beneficiaries who were reported dead in the CMS Medicare enrolment database (EDB) and Common Medicare Environment (CME), linked these beneficiaries to the NDI using CMS Health Insurance Claim number, and compared death dates between the two data sources. To assess agreement between our data sources, we calculated kappa scores; where a kappa of 1 indicates perfect agreement and a kappa of 0 indicates agreement equivalent to chance. We also examined CMS to NDI linkage and death date matching for stability over time.ResultsOf the 36 785 640, Medicare beneficiaries reported dead in CMS enrollment data from 1999 to 2016, 97.5% were linked to the NDI. A kappa score of 0.98 showed a near perfect agreement between NDI and CMS reported deaths. The percentage of linked cases exactly matching on death dates increased from 94.8% in 1999 to 99.4% in 2016.ConclusionsOur findings suggest strong concordance between death dates as recorded by CMS enrollment data and the NDI in the entire Medicare population.
Effect of statin treatment on the risk of cancer in patients with heart failure: A target trial emulation study
Authors: Ju Chengsheng , Lau Wallis C. Y. , Chambers Pinkie , Man Kenneth K. C. , Forster Martin D. , Mackenzie Isla S. , Manisty Charlotte , Wei Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeA recent observational study suggested statins could reduce cancer diagnosis in patients with heart failure (HF). The findings need to be validated using robust epidemiological methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of statin treatment on the risk of cancer in patients with HF.MethodsWe conducted two target trial emulations using primary care data from IQVIA Medical Research Database‐UK (2000 to 2019) with a clone‐censor‐weight design. The first emulated trial addressed the treatment initiation effect: initiating within 1 year versus not initiating a statin after the HF diagnosis. The second emulated trial addressed the cumulative exposure effect: continuing a statin for ≤3 years, 3–6 years, and >6 years after initiation. The study outcomes were any incident cancer and site‐specific cancer diagnoses. Weighted pooled logistic regression models were used to estimate 10‐year risk ratios (RR). 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using non‐parametric bootstrapping.ResultsThe first emulated trial showed that, compared to no statin, statins did not reduce the cancer risk in patients with HF (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.94–1.15). The second emulated trial showed that, compared to treatment ≤3 years, statins with longer durations did not reduce the cancer risk (3–6 years: RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.70–1.33. >6 years: RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.79–1.26). No significant risk difference was observed on any site‐specific cancer diagnoses.ConclusionsThe results from the target trial emulations suggest that statin treatment is not associated with cancer risk in patients with HF.
Non‐destructive, whole‐plant phenotyping reveals dynamic changes in water use efficiency, photosynthesis, and rhizosphere acidification of sorghum accessions under osmotic stress
Authors: Ginzburg Daniel N. , Cox Jack A. , Rhee Seung Y. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNoninvasive phenotyping can quantify dynamic plant growth processes at higher temporal resolution than destructive phenotyping and can reveal phenomena that would be missed by end‐point analysis alone. Additionally, whole‐plant phenotyping can identify growth conditions that are optimal for both above‐ and below‐ground tissues. However, noninvasive, whole‐plant phenotyping approaches available today are generally expensive, complex, and non‐modular. We developed a low‐cost and versatile approach to noninvasively measure whole‐plant physiology over time by growing plants in isolated hydroponic chambers. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach by measuring whole‐plant biomass accumulation, water use, and water use efficiency every two days on unstressed and osmotically stressed sorghum accessions. We identified relationships between root zone acidification and photosynthesis on whole‐plant water use efficiency over time. Our system can be implemented using cheap, basic components, requires no specific technical expertise, and should be suitable for any non‐aquatic vascular plant species.
BRCA2‐positive lung adenocarcinoma treated with olaparib: A case report
Authors: Motohashi Takumi , Isobe Kazutoshi , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Usui Yusuke , Shimizu Hiroshige , Sekiya Muneyuki , Miyoshi Shion , Nakamura Yasuhiko , Urabe Naohisa , Sakamoto Susumu , Homma Sakae , Sadamoto Sota , Tochigi Naobumi , Kishi Kazuma 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA 66‐year‐old woman was found to have abnormal shadows on a chest radiograph at a previous hospital 4 years ago, which led to a diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma, cT2aN1M1b stage IVA. First‐line treatment included carboplatin and paclitaxel plus thoracic radiotherapy and stereotactic radiation therapy for brain metastases. The patient later underwent second‐line pemetrexed treatment, followed by third‐line nivolumab, fourth‐line docetaxel and bevacizumab, fifth‐line tegafur‐gimeracil‐oteracil, and sixth‐line gemcitabine. Two years ago, after observing an increase in the primary lesion and carcinoembryonic antigen levels (104.0 ng/mL), a computed tomography‐guided biopsy was performed from the primary site of lung cancer. A cancer genomic profiling test (FoundationOne® CDx cancer genome profile) revealed a breast cancer susceptibility (BRCA) 2 gene mutation. Therefore, she started taking olaparib. The treatment led to stable disease for approximately 2 years.
Green Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoparticles and its Catalytic Activity of Multicomponent Reactions and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Kopperundevi J. , Gopalakrishnan M. , Ramalingam G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis present research work focuses on synthesizing Ag−Cu bimetallic nanoparticles utilizing an aqueous extract leaf of Excoecaria agallocha, employing a green synthesis route. The incorporation of silver (Ag) with copper (Cu) induces synergistic effects that enhance reaction kinetics and reduce the multicomponent reaction time. The catalysts synthesized through this environmentally friendly approach were thoroughly characterized using various analytical techniques, including HR‐TEM, XRD, SEM‐EDX, UV‐Vis Spectrophotometry, and FT‐IR. The UV‐visible spectrum displayed a peak at 257 nm, while the FT‐IR spectrum exhibited peaks at 574 cm−1, indicative of bimetallic peak reductions attributed to the influence of plant metabolites. HR‐TEM and XRD revealed the crystalline with (111), (200), (111), (200), and (220) plane values and shapes of BMNPs. Furthermore, the Ag−Cu bimetallic nanoparticles demonstrated outstanding catalytic performance with high product yield, along with notable reusability and recyclability and excellent antimicrobial activity when compared with commercial antibacterial chloramphenicol.
Synthesis of (3‐Thienyl)‐Substituted 2,2’‐Bipyridines and Their Application as Activators of Platinum Electrode Catalytic Activity Towards Cholesterol Electrooxidation
Authors: Okhokhonin. Andrei V. , Stepanova Marina I. , Tsmokaluk Anton N. , Mazur Alena V. , Valieva Maria I. , Starnovskaya Ekaterina S. , Gorbunov Evgeny B. , Gaviko Vasiliy S. , Krinochkin Alexey P. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Kozitsina Alisa N. , Rusinov Vladimir L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSeveral new derivatives of 2,2′‐bipyridines with a spacer group separated from the 2,2‐bipyridine fragment, namely, an ethynyl fragment, were obtained using the Sonagashira cross‐coupling reaction. The resulting derivatives were physically adsorbed on platinum electrode and were then used as activators of the catalytic activity of a platinum electrode in the reaction of cholesterol electrooxidation in an acetonitrile medium. Sensitivity, limit of detection and detectable concentration range were calculated, and the best results was established as 6.2±0.6 μA/mM, 0.08 mM and 0–0.3 mM, respectively. These results show that the prepared compounds adsorbed on platinum electrode are perspective systems for developing of new enzymeless cholesterol sensor based on them.
Exploring the causal link between circulating cytokines and sarcopenia traits: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Di Wang , Luyao Yang , Chengwei Yang , Valtonen Anu M. , Juha‐Pekka Kulmala , Ying Gao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious observational studies have linked circulating cytokines to sarcopenia, but their causal relationship remains unclear. This study employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) to investigate the causal links between circulating cytokines and sarcopenia‐related traits using genetic data.MethodsA two‐sample bidirectional MR analysis was conducted using data from individuals of European ancestry, utilizing genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) statistics. The study selected instrumental single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with circulating cytokines and applied multiple MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), Weighted Median, MR‐Egger, Weighted Mode, Simple Mode, and MR‐PRESSO. The traits analyzed were appendicular lean mass (ALM) and grip strength. Heterogeneity, robustness, and consistency of results were assessed using Cochran's Q statistic, MR‐Egger regression, and “leave‐one‐out” sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe IVM‐MR analysis showed a casual association between genetically predicted circulating levels of interleukin‐16 and both ALM and grip strength (ALM: OR = 0.990, 95% CI: 0.980–1.000, p = .049; grip strength: OR = 0.971, 95% CI: 0.948–0.995, p = .020). Additionally, interferon‐gamma‐induced protein 10 (IP‐10), interleukin‐1‐beta (IL‐1β), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were correlated with ALM and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin‐12 (IL‐12), and interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) with grip strength. Comparable results were confirmed via the MR‐Egger, Weighted Median, Weighted Mode, and Simple Mode methods. Sensitivity analysis showed no horizontal pleiotropy to bias the causal estimates.ConclusionThe results suggest a significant causal effect of inflammatory cytokines on sarcopenia, offering new avenues for therapeutic target development. However, the study's focus on a European ancestry cohort limits its generalizability to other populations. Future research should aim to include diverse ethnic groups to validate and broaden these findings, thereby enhancing our understanding of sarcopenia's mechanisms in a global context.
Role of ultrasound in detection of lymph‐node metastasis in gynecological cancer: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Borges A. C. , Veloso H. , Galindo P. , Danés A. , Chacon E. , Mínguez J. A. , Alcázar J. L. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic performance of transvaginal sonography (TVS) for the preoperative evaluation of lymph‐node metastasis in gynecological cancer.MethodsThis was a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies published between January 1990 and May 2023 evaluating the role of ultrasound in detecting pelvic lymph‐node metastasis (index test) in gynecological cancer, using histopathological analysis as the reference standard. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 tool. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio were estimated.ResultsThe literature search identified 2638 citations. Eight studies reporting on a total of 967 women were included. The mean prevalence of pelvic lymph‐node metastasis was 24.2% (range, 14.0–65.6%). The risk of bias was low for most domains assessed. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio of TVS were 41% (95% CI, 26–58%), 98% (95% CI, 93–99%) and 32 (95% CI, 14–72), respectively. High heterogeneity was found between studies for both sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionTVS showed a high pooled specificity for the detection of pelvic lymph‐node metastasis in gynecological cancer, but pooled sensitivity was low. © 2024 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The stationary Gierer–Meinhardt system in the upper half-space: existence, nonexistence and asymptotics
Authors: Ghergu Marius 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study the existence, nonexistence and asymptotics of positive solutions to the Gierer–Meinhardt system $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \displaystyle -\Delta u+\lambda u=\frac{u^p}{v^q}+\rho (x)\,, u>0 &{} \text{ in } {\mathbb {R}}^N_+:={\mathbb {R}}^{N-1}\times (0, \infty ), \\ \displaystyle -\Delta v+\lambda v=\frac{u^m}{v^s} \,, v>0 &{} \text{ in } {\mathbb {R}}^N_+, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

-
Δ
u
+
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=

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+
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(
x
)

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>
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=

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1

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)

,

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v
+
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=

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m

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s

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v
>
0

in

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+
N

,

where $$N\ge 3$$

N
≥
3

, $$\lambda >0$$

λ
>
0

and $$\rho \in C({\overline{{\mathbb {R}^N_+}}})$$

ρ
∈
C
(

R

+
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)

, $$\rho >0$$

ρ
>
0

. The solutions (u, v) are assumed to satisfy the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition $$\displaystyle \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_N}=\frac{\partial v}{\partial x_N}=0$$

∂
u

∂

x
N

=

∂
v

∂

x
N

=
0

on $$\partial {\mathbb {R}}^N_+$$

∂

R

+
N

and $$u(x)\rightarrow 0$$

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(
x
)
→
0

, $$v(x)\rightarrow 0$$

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(
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)
→
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as $$x\in {\mathbb {R}}^N_+$$

x
∈

R

+
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, $$|x|\rightarrow \infty $$

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x
|
→
∞

. Under various conditions on the exponents $$m,p,q,s>0$$

m
,
p
,
q
,
s
>
0

and the data $$\rho (x)$$

ρ
(
x
)

we obtain qualitative properties of the solutions (u, v). In particular, we derive the existence of a solution (u, v) with u(x) having the minimal asymptotic behaviour $$u(x)\simeq \Phi _\lambda (x)$$

u

(
x
)

≃

Φ
λ

(
x
)

as $$|x|\rightarrow \infty $$

|
x
|
→
∞

, where $$\Phi _\lambda $$

Φ
λ

denotes the fundamental solution of $$-\Delta +\lambda I$$

-
Δ
+
λ
I

in $${\mathbb {R}^N_+}$$

R

+
N

. The approach combines integral representations of solutions and various integral estimates with fixed point arguments.