bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renouveau urbain et marginalisation. Le cas du centre-ville de Ouagadougou, Burkina-Faso
Authors: Biehler Alexandra 
Published: October 2008

Alexandra Biehler - Urban renewal and marginalization : The case of residents in downtown Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
In Ouagadougou, State planning for the downtown represents the new urban order. Invited to move out of old inner-city neighbourhoods to a site and service on the outskirts, the inhabitants experience life on the physical fringe, confirming, for some, their status at the fringes of society. But these urban shifts are leading relocated residents to take a new look at the capital and adopt new ways of living in the city and their neighbourhood. The desire to take action so that the neighbourhood will be acknowledged and valorized as part of the urban space may be evidence that a process of citizen-making is underway.
Affinité horizontale et stratégies de survie parmi les « enfants de la rue ». La bande Solitarios à La Paz (Bolivie)
Authors: De Suremain Charles-Édouard 
Published: October 2008

Charles-Edouard de Suremain - Horizontal affinity and survival strategies among "street kids" : The Solitarios Gang in La Paz, Bolivia.
Using ethnographic material collected in La Paz, Bolivia, this article looks at the connections that bind "street kids" together and at the anthropological basis of the gang. The organization of one of these gangs, as well as the strategies used by the "brothers" to survive and to obtain drugs and/or alcohol, are analyzed in terms of horizontal affinity, an original kind of elective relationship. Lastly, how programs intended for children are perceived by them opens up avenues for research on psychological and social rehabilitation as a first step in any meaningful action in this field.
Sào Paulo, des espaces les plus pauvres aux espaces les plus riches, acceptation du dualisme ou utopie de la « mixité »
Authors: Rivière d'Arc Hélène 
Published: October 2008

Hélène Rivière D'Arc - Sáo Paulo, from the poorest spaces to the richest : living with dualism or the Utopia of "diversity".
What stands out in discussions of the city of São Paulo is its hypermodernity associated with very high levels of wealth and income at one extreme and the presence of an important fringe group of poor and often underemployed people at the other. In accounting for the urban space, this socio-economic study led to the singling out of the concept of segregation as particularly significant. This article attempts to identify the geographic and social location of this urban split, looked at from the point of view of participation and social programs, and given that there is a significant middle class (clase media) which is part of this hypermodernity but which some observers see as impoverished.
La psychiatrie coloniale française en Algérie et au Sénégal
Authors: Collignon René 
Published: October 2008

René Collignon - French colonial psychiatry in Algeria and Senegal.
This article gives an outline of the historisation of French colonial psychiatry in Africa starting from two contrasting situations: Algeria, a settlement colony conferred with the status of French administrative départements, and Senegal, in West Africa, where no European colonial population had become established. The starting point of a psychiatric assistance project in the colonies goes back to the report by Reboul and Régis at the French psychiatrists'conference in Tunis in 1912, which defined a policy to follow. The problems of implementation are examined, as are the accomplishments up to the time of independence and the emergence of a corpus of "ethnopsychiatric" knowledge on the people who were colonized.
Brésil : santé mentale et sphère magico-religieuse
Authors: Aubrée Marion 
Published: October 2008

Marion Aubrée - Brazil: mental health and the realm of magic and religion.
The situation in Brazil is described concerning the relation between what are commonly called "nervous diseases" and the quest for relief by turning to religiously-based therapies. These "spiritual therapies" can currently be grouped into three major symbolic tendencies. The article examines the socio-cultural substratum which leads people to turn to one or other of these tendencies and the cathartic process which can bring great relief from the state of suffering the "patients" experience. For most Brazilians, the representations of psychiatry render it a universe much more mysterious and dangerous than the religious sphere they use so fully.
Ethnopsychiatrie : la culture au service de la santé
Authors: Cavalcante Antonio Mourão 
Published: October 2008

Antonio Mourâo Cavalcante - Ethnopsychiatry: culture comes to the aid of health.
The Author takes a case history as a basis for developing a discussion where he emphasizes the psychiatric and cultural aspects of a situation. This is a typical ethnopsychiatric approach, which goes back to the work of Georges Devereux and Tobie Nathan. The psychiatric elements the case presents suggest a depression. The cultural aspects, closely linked to the realities of life in the Nordeste region of Brazil, reflect the world of rural traditional, steeped in religious beliefs and struggles for power. The scenario is typical of ancient Brazil which, through the aging patient, shows the decline, even the progressive disappearance, of that world, now suffused with modernity and social pluralism.
Des chemins pour un humanisme moderne dans les pratiques de santé mentale
Authors: Doray Bernard 
Published: October 2008

Bernard Doray - Paths towards a modern humanism in mental health practices.
In this article, the Author puts forward a transversal approach to certain themes that come out of the set of contributions made to this strong feature on mental health for the Review Tiers Monde, without pretending to draw a particular conclusion from them. Starting from a particular interest in the concepts of dignity and resymbolization, he suggests some further lines of study. Included in these would be research in which the two components of the term "psycho-social" would be considered when looking at the virtualities produced by the creative dialectic that reality imparts upon them.
A Phase II intra‐patient dose‐escalation trial of weight‐based darbepoetin alfa with or without granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Gotlib Jason , Lavori Philip , Quesada Sylvia , Stein Richard S. , Shahnia Shahin , Greenberg Peter L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis Phase II study evaluated darbepoetin alfa (DA) in 24 patients with predominantly low or intermediate‐1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Intra‐patient dose escalation of DA was undertaken in three 6‐week dose cohorts until a major erythroid response was achieved: 4.5 mcg/kg/week, 9 mcg/kg/week, and 9 mcg/kg/week plus granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) 2.5 mcg/kg twice weekly. Patients with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) commenced DA at 9 mcg/kg/week. The weight‐based dosing regimen translated into a median starting DA dose of 390 mcg/week. Erythroid responses were observed in 16/24 patients (67%; 12 major and 4 minor), with a median response duration of 11 months in major responders. Addition of G‐CSF generated a major erythroid response in 7/15 patients (47%) who suboptimally responded to DA alone. DA was well tolerated, except for worsening of baseline mild hypertension and renal insufficiency in one patient with diabetes. IPSS score <0.5 and RBC transfusions <2 units/month increased the probability of an erythroid response. A minority of subjects (12%) developed low‐level non‐neutralizing anti‐DA antibodies. Our data indicate that weekly weight‐based dosing of DA, with the addition of G‐CSF in selected individuals, can be an effective erythropoietic option in a high proportion of lower‐risk MDS patients. Am. J. Hematol, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High nontransferrin bound iron levels and heart disease in thalassemia major
Authors: Piga Antonio , Longo Filomena , Duca Lorena , Roggero Simona , Vinciguerra Tiziana , Calabrese Roberto , Hershko Chaim , Cappellini Maria Domenica 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAlthough the presence of nontransferrin bound plasma iron (NTBI) in transfusional iron overload is well documented, knowledge about its clinical significance is limited. We assessed NTBI levels in a large and homogeneous series of thalassemia patients on regular transfusion and chelation and explored the hypothesis that NTBI levels may be associated with relevant clinical outcomes: in particular, heart disease. Among 174 patients with thalassemia major and intermedia, we showed the presence NTBI in 145 of 174 or 83.3% of cases. NTBI levels correlated with transferrin saturation, age, and ALT, and not with serum ferritin or liver iron concentrations. At a multiple regression analysis, transferrin saturation and heart disease but not age was independent predictors of NTBI. Patients with heart disease had NTBI levels significantly higher than those without. All patients with heart disease had transferrin saturation above 70%, and all were NTBI positive. Conversely, none of the patients without NTBI and/or with transferrin saturation less than 70% had preclinical or clinical heart disease. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of a link between the presence of NTBI in thalassemic patients with transfusional iron overload and heart disease. Further investigation from these preliminary findings may clarify whether NTBI assessment may have a role in evaluating the risks and optimizing treatment for transfusion‐dependent patients. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectroscopic detection and identification of infected cells with herpes viruses
Authors: Erukhimovitch Vitaly , Karpasasa Mark , Huleihel Mahmoud 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy were previously applied for the identification of various biological samples. In the present study, normal cells in culture and cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) or varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) were analyzed by MALDI‐TOF and FTIR microscopy. Specific spectral biomarkers for rapid and reliable monitoring and identification of infected cells and probably for the discrimination between these viruses were searched. The results show consistent spectral peaks in all examined normal uninfected human fibroblast cells both in MALDI‐T0F and FTIR microscopy. In HSV‐2‐ or VZV‐infected cells, two unique peaks for each appeared at m/z 5397 and 5813 or at m/z 3501 and 4951, respectively, in MALDI‐TOF spectra. In addition, several peaks that appeared in control uninfected cells at the region m/z 13,000–20,000 disappeared completely in all examined infected samples. When these infected cells were examined by FTIR microscopy, a band at 859 cm−1 in control uninfected cells was significantly shifted to 854 cm−1 in both HSV2‐ and VZV‐infected cells. In addition, phosphate levels were considerably increased in all infected cells compared to normal uninfected cells. These parameters could be used as a basis for developing a spectral method for the detection and identification of cells infected with herpes viruses. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 61–67, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Virtual laboratory for experimental structural dynamics
Authors: Sim S. H. , Spencer B. F. , Lee G. C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis article presents a Java‐powered virtual laboratory (VL) which has been developed to provide a means for on‐line interactive structural dynamics experiments for undergraduate and graduate education. This VL intends to provide a conceptual and practical understanding of a wide range of topics related to the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data from dynamic testing, including sensor type and placement, aliasing, windowing, nonlinearities, etc. A multi‐story shear building is employed as a test bed and the responses of the structure are obtained through the linear/nonlinear dynamic analysis. The VL is available on‐line at http://sstl.cee.uiuc.edu/java/esd/virtuallab.html. This article presents the unique features and usage of this VL. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 80–88, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20162
Content‐rich interactive online laboratory systems
Authors: Aziz El‐Sayed S. , Esche Sven K. , Chassapis Constantin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOnline learning environments are rapidly becoming viable options for offering students a bridge from theoretical concepts to practical engineering applications. They represent collections of integrated tools that provide a delivery mechanism for rich learning content, advanced assessment capabilities as well as affordable access to a wide range of educational resources. Such online learning environments have been used at Stevens Institute of Technology (SIT) for a number of years to provide undergraduate engineering students with a comprehensive laboratory experience based on content‐rich and flexible remote and virtual laboratory experiments. These Web‐based educational tools were developed using various open source programming languages and free software applications. As discussed in this article, these open source components form a powerful combination for the cost‐efficient development, implementation and sharing of Web‐based virtual experimentation systems. This article describes the delivery methods for online experiments and the corresponding software modules implemented, which were integrated into a comprehensive student laboratory experience currently being used at SIT in a sophomore‐level core undergraduate course on solid mechanics taken by all undergraduate engineering majors as well as in a junior‐level course on mechanisms and machine dynamics for mechanical engineering majors. Furthermore, some results of the learning outcomes assessment for online experiments conducted over several years at SIT are summarized. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 61–79, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20210
Rational management of endocrine resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Hurvitz Sara A. , Pietras Richard J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEndocrine therapy for breast cancer was introduced more than 100 years ago. In the last 30 years, it has been demonstrated that tamoxifen significantly improves outcomes for patients with hormone‐responsive breast tumors. Aromatase inhibitors, which suppress the production of estrogen, are recognized today as an effective alternative for estrogen‐receptor‐positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. However, despite an initial response to treatment, many tumors eventually recur or progress. When selecting subsequent endocrine therapy, it is helpful to understand the mechanisms of hormone resistance, consider the goals of treatment, and evaluate the clinical potential of each available drug. The objective of this article was to review the underlying mechanisms of action and resistance for each type of hormone therapy, evaluate the most recent data regarding the use of endocrine agents after disease progression or recurrence, and explore potential combinations of hormone therapies with novel molecules that target key growth factor signaling pathways. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Evaluating an hepatic enzyme induction mechanism through coarse‐ and fine‐grained measurements of an in silico liver
Authors: Ropella Glen E. P. , Park Sunwoo , Hunt C. Anthony 
Published: October 2008

AbstractResults from simulation experiments falsified the hypothesis that a uniform distribution of simulated drug passing through an in silico liver (ISL) will produce a uniform extent of enzyme induction (EI). Wet‐lab EI experiments, as formulated, are infeasible. The simulated EI is intended to have a hepatic counterpart. The ISL is synthetic, physiologically based, fine‐grained, and multi‐agent. It has been validated against in situ drug disposition data. We discuss methodological considerations regarding the phenomenal manifold, multi‐level observation, and manipulation of synthetic models and their referents. Interestingly, a lower probability of metabolism caused higher EI and, counter‐intuitively, more extraction. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2009
An aboral‐dorsalization hypothesis for chordate origin
Authors: Satoh Nori 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChordates originated from a common ancestor(s) shared with two other deuterostome groups, echinoderms and hemichordates, by creating a novel type of tadpole‐like larva, which was characterized by a dorsal hollow neural tube and notochord. Recent molecular phylogeny supports the notion that echinoderms and hemichordates form a clade named the Ambulacraria and that, among the chordates, cephalochordates are more basal than urochordates and vertebrates. An aboral‐dorsalization hypothesis is proposed to explain how the tadpole‐type larva evolved. Embryological comparison of cephalochordates with nonchordate deuterostomes suggests that, because of limited space on the oral side of the ancestral embryo, morphogenesis to form the neural tube and notochord occurred on the aboral side of the embryo. Namely, the dorsalization of the aboral side of the ancestral embryo may have been a key developmental event that led to the formation of the basic chordate body plan. genesis 46:614–622, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The history of a developmental stage: Metamorphosis in chordates
Authors: Paris Mathilde , Laudet Vincent 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMetamorphosis displays a striking diversity in chordates, a deuterostome phylum that comprises vertebrates, urochordates (tunicates), and cephalochordates (amphioxus). In anuran amphibians, the tadpole loses its tail, develops limbs, and undergoes profound changes at the behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and ecological levels. In ascidian tunicates, the tail is lost and the head tissues are drastically remodeled into the adult animal, whereas in amphioxus, the highly asymmetric larva transforms into a relatively symmetric adult. This wide diversity has led to the proposal that metamorphosis evolved several times independently in the different chordate lineages during evolution. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in metamorphosis are largely unknown outside amphibians and teleost fishes, in which metamorphosis is regulated by the thyroid hormones (TH) T3 and T4 binding to their receptors (thyroid hormone receptors). In this review, we compare metamorphosis in chordates and then propose a unifying definition of the larva‐to‐adult transition, based on the conservation of the role of THs and some of their derivatives as the main regulators of metamorphosis. According to this definition, all chordates (if not, all deuterostomes) have a homologous metamorphosis stage during their postembryonic development. The intensity and the nature of the morphological remodeling varies extensively among taxa, from drastic remodeling like in some ascidians or amphibians to more subtle events, as in mammals. genesis 46:657–672, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel current‐source multilevel inverter driven by single gate drive power supply
Authors: Iwaya Kazuki , Noguchi Toshihiko 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel current‐source multilevel inverter, which is based on a current‐source half‐bridge topology. Multilevel inverters are effective for reducing harmonic distortion in the output voltage and the output current. However, the multilevel inverters require many gate drive power supplies to drive switching devices. The gate drive circuits using a bootstrap circuit and a pulse transformer can reduce the number of the gate drive power supplies, but the pulse width of the output PWM waveform is limited. Furthermore, high‐speed power switching devices are indispensable to create a high‐frequency power converter, but various problems, such as high‐frequency noise, arise due to the high dv/dt rate, especially in high‐side switching devices. The proposed current‐source multilevel inverter is composed of a common emitter topology for all switching devices. Therefore, it is possible to operate it with a single power supply for the gate drive circuit, which allows stabilizing the potential level of all the drive circuits. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed circuit is verified through experimental results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(2): 88–95, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20475
Distribution voltage rise at dense photovoltaic generation area and its suppression by SVC
Authors: Iioka Daisuke , Sakakibara Kuniaki , Yokomizu Yasunobu , Matsumura Toshiro , Izuhara Norihisa 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn SVC is proposed as a reactive power compensation device to suppress the rise in the customer voltage due to photovoltaic power generation systems. The SVC produces a reactive power by controlling a thyristor. The effect of the SVC on the rise in the customer voltage has been investigated. Calculation results show that installing an SVC on the low‐voltage side is more effective for suppressing the rise in the customer voltage compared to an SVC located on the high‐voltage side. As far as the calculation conditions are concerned, it is found that the rated capacity of the SVC needed to maintain the customer voltage within 101±6V is over ±11.1kVA. The slope reactance required to suppress the customer voltage lower than 107 V is found to be under 1.28%. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(2): 47–53, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20478
A passive EMI filter with access to the ungrounded motor neutral line—Its effect on attenuating bearing current
Authors: Tamura Shunsuke , Akagi Hirofumi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the effect of a passive EMI filter on preventing bearing current from flowing inside an inverter‐driven motor. Motor‐bearing damage is often caused by bearing currents resulting from the breakdown of grease films in the motor bearing. The high‐frequency common‐mode voltage generated by the PWM inverter induces a shaft voltage between the rotor and the frame. When the shaft voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage of the grease films, a destructive instantaneous discharge current with a peak value of about 1 A flows through the motor bearing. The passive EMI filter, which is unique in access to the motor neutral line, can reduce the shaft voltage as a result of eliminating the high‐frequency common‐mode voltage from the motor terminals. Hence, no breakdown occurs in the grease film, so that no bearing current flows. The viability and effectiveness of the passive EMI filter is verified by experimental results obtained from a 400‐V, 3.7‐kW laboratory system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(2): 78– 87, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20489