bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of functional CB1cannabinoid receptors in retinoic acid‐differentiated P19 embryonal carcinoma cells
Authors: Svensson Anna C. , Johansson Mattias , Persson Emma , Carchenilla Marta San Celestino , Jacobsson Stig O.P. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAlthough primary neuronal cell cultures, usually obtained from embryonic or early postnatal rodents, have been used in vitro to study the neural cannabinoid signalling system, development of cell lines with neural properties exhibiting native expression of cannabinoid receptors is desirable. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of CB1and CB2cannabinoid receptors in neurons that develop from retinoic acid (RA)‐primed mouse P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Both undifferentiated P19 cells and RA‐treated P19 neurons were positive, by using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), for CB1(but not CB2) mRNA. Neuronal differentiation increased the CB1mRNA expression, and Western blotting with a CB1receptor antibody showed a strong immunoreactive band at approximately 62 kDa in membranes from P19‐derived neurons. The cannabinoid receptor agonists CP 55,940 and HU‐210 produced concentration‐dependent inhibition of forskolin‐induced (3 μM) cyclic AMP production in the P19‐derived neurons (29% at 1 μM CP 55,940 and 34% at 1 μM HU‐210), which could be blocked by the CB1‐selective receptor antagonist AM251, but not by the CB2‐selective antagonist AM630. Furthermore, glutamate (100 μM) induced a sustained increase in [Ca2+]iin P19‐derived neurons that could be concentration‐dependently blocked by the cannabinoid receptor agonists WIN 55,212‐2. Thus, the protocol used provides an in vitro model system expressing CB1cannabinoid receptors at the level of mRNA, protein, and AM251‐sensitive agonist‐induced inhibition of intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation, which may be useful to investigate the developmental regulation, expression and function of neuronal cannabinoid receptors. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activated protein C attenuates acute ischaemia reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle
Authors: Dillon J. P. , Laing A. J. , Cahill R. A. , O'Brien G. C. , Street J. T. , Wang J. H. , Mc Guinness A. , Redmond H. P. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of Orthopaedic Research 23:1454–1459,2005.
Could a high resectability rate improve the long‐term survival of patients with proximal bile duct cancer?
Authors: Veroux Massimiliano , Madia Carmelo , Fiamingo Pietro , Caglià Pietro , Valastro Maurizio , Amodeo Corrado , Veroux Pierfrancesco , Gagliano Massimiliano , Basso Stefano , D'Amico Davide Francesco 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate if high resectability rate could improve the long‐term outcome of patients with proximal bile duct cancer.MethodsBetween 1985 and 2001, 50 patients (34 male and 16 female) with proximal bile duct cancer were treated. Thirty‐six patients (72%) were considered suitable for surgery, while 14 underwent nonsurgical palliative procedures. Twenty patients had bile duct resection only. Ten patients had Roux‐en‐Y cholangiojejunostomy with two or three divided segmental hepatic ducts; in 10 patients, the cholangiojejunostomy was performed with four or five divided segmental hepatic ducts. Three patients were treated by palliative transtumoral intubation with Kehr tube. Thirteen patients had bile duct resection plus hepatectomy. Despite the curative intention of the operation, only in 19 (52.7%) patients did the histopathological examination reveal tumor‐free margins.ResultsThere was no operative mortality. Postoperative morbidity was 25%. Overall 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival of the entire surgical group was 61%, 22.5%, and 9%, respectively. In the 19 patients treated with curative intent the survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 63.1%, 31.5%, and 15.8%, respectively, while in the group that had palliative treatment it was 45%, 15%, and 0%, respectively.ConclusionsOnly margins free from tumor can guarantee an improvement in long‐term outcome. Increasing resectability improves survival and could offer a chance of better long‐term survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93: 199–205. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcium phosphate cement in musculoskeletal tumor surgery
Authors: Matsumine Akihiko , Kusuzaki Katsuyuki , Matsubara Takao , Okamura Atsushi , Okuyama Noritaka , Miyazaki Shinichi , Shintani Ken , Uchida Atsumasa 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCalcium phosphate cement (CPC) is an injectable biocompatible bone substitute that has been used for various applications in orthopedic surgery. However, no extensive clinical studies of the use of CPC to fill bone cavities after curettage of musculoskeletal tumors have been reported. The present study reviewed the results for 56 musculoskeletal tumors treated by curettage and CPC implantation.MethodsAssessment was based on clinical examination and radiographic findings. Variables for clinical assessment included pain, limb function, and complications. Median follow‐up was 18.5 months (range 6–47 months).ResultsOne patient experienced post‐operative fractures. Three patients displayed local recurrence. One patient developed post‐operative superficial wound infection, and two patients with large bony defect exhibited non‐infectious serous discharge. No serious adverse effects such as deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism were encountered. In all cases, CPC was radiographically well adapted to the surrounding host bone as of final follow‐up.ConclusionsCPC appears to offer a useful bone substitute for the treatment of musculoskeletal tumors. As the follow‐up period for this study was short, further long‐term follow‐up studies are needed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93: 212–220. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mainz II and double folded rectosigmoid pouches. Experience with 95 patients
Authors: Hammouda H. , Shalaby M. , Adelelateef A. , Elakkad M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectivesWe report a clinical case series for construction of Mainz II or double folded rectosigmoid pouch with suitable antireflux uretero‐intestinal anastomosis.Materials and MethodsNinety‐five patients with invasive bladder carcinoma were treated by radical cystectomy and supravesical urinary shunt in form of either Mainz II {56 (58.9%)} or double folded {39 (41.1%)} rectosigmoid pouch. Antireflux techniques for uretero‐intestinal anastomosis were subserosal extramural and submucosal tunnels for 122/190 (64.2%) dilated and 68/190 (45.8%) normal caliber ureters. All patients were kept on prophylactic alkalization. Evaluation included clinical, radiological, laboratory, and urodynamic evaluations. Mean follow‐up was 40 months.ResultsEarly postoperative complications were reported in seven (7.4%) cases that were treated conservatively. All patients were continent day and night. Reflux was reported in 2/122 (1.6%) renal units (RU) with dilated ureters and in 1/68 (1.5%) RU with normal caliber ureter, that was managed conservatively. Stenosis at uretero‐intestinal anastomosis was reported in 10 (5.3%) RU. Laboratory investigations were within normal. Pouchometry results were comparable in both Mainz II and double folded rectosigmoid pouches. Both were low‐pressure good capacity reservoirs.ConclusionsMainz II pouch is indicated in cases of normal caliber, unilateral dilated, and some cases of bilateral dilated ureters, while double folded rectosigmoid pouch is optional in case of bilateral dilated ureters. Both have comparable low‐pressure urodynamic features. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93: 228–232. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of PTEN in the progression of cervical neoplasia and its relation to tumor behavior and angiogenesis in invasive squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lee Ji Shin , Choi Yoo Duk , Lee Jae Hyuk , Nam Jong Hee , Choi Chan , Lee Min Cheol , Park Chang Soo , Kim Hyung Seok , Min Kyung Whan 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLoss of PTEN expression has been associated with tumor progression and adverse patient outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PTEN expression in the successive steps of progression in cervical neoplasia and to determine its correlation with tumor angiogenesis and clinicopathologic features in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.MethodsImmunohistochemical staining with anti‐PTEN antibody was performed in a total of 160 patients with 12 normal cervical epithelium, 63 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (33 CIN I, 30 CIN III), and 85 cervical squamous cell carcinomas. Microvessels were immunohistochemically labeled with an antibody for CD34. Computerized image analysis was used to evaluate microvessel density (MVD).ResultsReduced PTEN expression progressively increased along the continuum from normal epithelium to squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between PTEN expression and MVD. On univariate analysis, stage and reduced PTEN expression were significant prognostic factors for both disease‐free and overall survival. However, stage was the only independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis.ConclusionsOur results suggest that tumor progression in the cervical epithelium is accompanied by loss of PTEN protein expression. Reduced PTEN expression is not associated with tumor angiogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93: 233–240. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specific features of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients over 70 years of age
Authors: Biliotti G.C. , Martini F. , Vezzosi V. , Seghi P. , Tozzi F. , Castagnoli A. , Basili G. , Peri A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAmong the geriatric population, there is a lower incidence of thyroid carcinoma (TC), but it accounts for 30% of all thyroid disorders compared to 6–8% in younger subjects. Prognosis, moreover, is worse in the elderly, as demonstrated by the fact that 81% of deaths related to these tumors occur in patients over 55. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify the characteristics of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) peculiar to the elderly.MethodsOf 638 patients who underwent surgery for DTC over a period of 30 years, 46 were more than 70 years old. All the elderly patients had undergone radioioidine and TSH‐suppression therapy following surgical resection.Results and ConclusionsDespite these measures, the rate of recurrence was 26.5% at 5 years and 63.6% at 10 years. The 5‐ and 10‐year disease‐specific survival rates were 87.8% and 63.6%, respectively. On an average, survival was 55.1 months when death was disease‐related, and with regard to histological type, it was longer in papillary carcinoma than in the follicular variant, and longest of all in occult sclerosing carcinoma. Survival was greatest in patients with tumors less than 2 cm in diameter, characterized by the absence of extraglandular spread and by lymph node metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93: 194–198. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of stage‐specific outcome of breast cancer based on 5th and 6th AJCC staging system
Authors: Kim Seung Il , Park Byeong Woo , Lee Kyong Sik 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo investigate the appropriateness of the new staging system (AJCC 6th edition) for breast carcinoma.MethodsWe reviewed the clinicopathologic data of 1,768 breast cancer patients, and their disease stages were re‐categorized by the new system. The overall survival (OS) and distant relapse free survival (DRFS) rates were compared between those patients whose stages by the old system (AJCC 5th edition) remained the same (the remainders) and those patients whose stages moved up (the upstaged cases) as well as between the subgroups in the new system.ResultsThe 10‐year DRFS rates of the upstaged cases in each stage were poorer than those of the remainders, and statistical significance was demonstrated for stage IIB and stage IIIA. The 10‐year OS rates were also poorer in the upstaged cases, and statistical significance was demonstrated for stage IIIA. Subgroup analysis within the new system between the node‐negative versus node‐positive subgroups in stages IIA and IIB showed a significant OS difference. The DRFS difference was also shown between the subgroups in stage IIA.ConclusionsThe new staging system seems to more accurately reflect disease outcome, however, a re‐evaluation might be required to reflect the impact of nodal involvement upon the new staging system. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93: 221–227. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ordering Behavior of Layered Silicate Nanocomposites with a Cylindrical Triblock Copolymer
Authors: Lee Chung Ho , Kim Hee Bong , Lim Sung Taek , Kim Hyun Seok , Kwon Yong Ku , Choi Hyoung Jin 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: The ordering behavior of the nanocomposites of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) with a cylindrical triblock copolymer of polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS) has been investigated by temperature‐resolved small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and rheometry. X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that the polymer chains are successfully intercalated with the interlayer gallery of the silicates. The data obtained from the SAXS and rheological measurements show that the addition of OMMT leads to a change in the microphase separation behavior of SEBS in the nanocomposites. The molecular interaction between OMMT and the polystyrene (PS) chains of SEBS decreases the structural perfection of the self‐assembling, phase‐separated domain structure of the nanocomposites. Rheological data exhibit that the order‐order (TOOT) and order‐disorder transitions (TODT) of the SEBS/OMMT nanocomposites decrease with the addition of OMMT. The highest elongation at break is obtained at approximately 2% OMMT and its further addition to the mixture leads to decreases in tensile strength and elongation.The change in the storage modulus (G′) of a) SEBS, b) S98M2, c) S95M5, and d) S90M10, as a function of temperature in the range of 150 ≤ T (°C) ≤ 260.magnified imageThe change in the storage modulus (G′) of a) SEBS, b) S98M2, c) S95M5, and d) S90M10, as a function of temperature in the range of 150 ≤ T (°C) ≤ 260.
Effect of Inorganic and Organic Salts on the Thermogelling Behavior of Poly(organophosphazenes)
Authors: Cho Yong Woo , An Sung Won , Song Soo‐Chang 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: The effect of various inorganic (NaCl, KCl, NaBr, LiCl and NaI) and organic (Et4NBr, n‐Pr4NBr and n‐Bu4NBr) salts on the thermogelling behavior of poly(organophosphazenes) with α‐amino‐ω‐methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol) (AMPEG) and amino acid ester side groups was studied. The salting‐out or salting‐in effects of inorganic salts were in good agreement with the so‐called “Hofmeister series”. In the presence of inorganic salts other than NaI, the association temperature (Tass) and the temperature at the maximum viscosity (Tmax) shifted to lower temperatures. This indicates that the inorganic salts facilitated the thermosensitive gelation of the poly(organophosphazenes). The viscosity (Vmax) at Tmax was greatly augmented by the addition of inorganic salts, implying an increase in the number of hydrophobic association points. In contrast, NaI and organic salts dramatically suppressed the thermosensitive gelation of poly(organophosphazenes). The addition of these salts increased both Tass and Tmax, and decreased Vmax. In the inorganic salt systems, both the radius and the charge density of the anion seem to be the main decisive factors with regard to salting‐out and salting‐in effects. In the organic salt systems, the suppression of thermosensitive gelation may be attributed to the ionization of the hydrophobic side groups of the poly(organophosphazenes) upon binding of the large cations of the organic salts through hydrophobic interactions.
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Effect of Molecular Weight on Photoinduced Birefringence in a Chiral Liquid Crystalline Azodye Polymer
Authors: Kozlovsky Mikhail , Lazarev Vladimir V. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: The evolution of the photoinduced birefringence in thin films of narrow polymer fractions is studied and compared with the behavior of the non‐fractionated polymer. The Δnind value decreases by increasing the degree of polymerization ($\overline {DP}$) within the oligomeric range but becomes independent of molecular weight starting from a $\overline {DP}$ of ≈70. Thermal pretreatment of the films results in higher photoinduced birefringence. The films show good stability of the photorecording.Birefringence induced after 10 min, Δnind(600) and its growth rate at the same moment versus molecular weight.magnified imageBirefringence induced after 10 min, Δnind(600) and its growth rate at the same moment versus molecular weight.
Preparation of Size Controllable Polypyrrole Sub‐Microcapsules Using SEBS Copolymer as the Building Block
Authors: Chen Shuangjun , Chen Wei , Si Zhihuai , Zhou Dongshan , Xue Gi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: SEBS is used as building blocks to fabricate size controllable polypyrrole (PPy) capsules. Polypyrrole shells grow on the surfaces of the size controllable oxidant sub‐microparticles dispersed in the solution cast film of a SEBS copolymer by vapor phase polymerization. After washing in ethanol, PPy sub‐microcapsules dispersed in a SEBS matrix are obtained. This technique shows advantages of lower cost and less pollution, as compared with the gold‐template method reported in the literature.A TEM image of polypyrrole sub‐microcapsules dispersed in a SEBS matrix.magnified imageA TEM image of polypyrrole sub‐microcapsules dispersed in a SEBS matrix.
Dewetting and Phase Behaviors for Ultrathin Films of Polymer Blend
Authors: Liao Yonggui , Su Zhaohui , Sun Zhaoyan , Shi Tongfei , An Lijia 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: Dynamics of dewetting and phase separation in ultrathin films (thickness is ca. one radius of gyration, ≈1 Rg) of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(styrene‐ran‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) blends on Si substrate has been studied by in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the miscible region, a “spinodal‐like” dewetting driven by a composition fluctuation recently predicted by Wensink and Jérôme (Langmuir 2002, 18, 413) occurs. In the two‐phase region, the dewetting of the whole film is followed by phase separation in the droplets, coupling with the wetting of the substrate by the PMMA extracted by the strong attractive interaction between them.
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Fabrication of Self‐Assembled PEDOT/PSS‐ZnO Nanocables with Diverse Inner Core Sizes Facilitated by Vacuum Conditions
Authors: Qi Yingqun , Chen Ping , Wang Tiejun , Hu Xiujie , Zhou Shuyun 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: In this paper, PEDOT/PSS‐ZnO coaxial nanocables with diverse inner core sizes are prepared by a new and facile method that involves two‐steps: the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles through a sol‐gel process, followed by dewetting‐controlled self‐assembly of the nanoparticles and charged polymers to generate a cable‐like nanostructure with the aid of a vacuum. The nanocables have an outer diameter of ca. 100 nm with a polycrystalline ZnO inner core of 7–25 nm in diameter. The length and morphology of the nanocables are determined by external vacuum conditions as well as the ZnO concentration in the composite. A photoluminescence study shows an enhanced green light emission arising from ZnO with a size‐dependence feature.TEM image of a PEDOT/PSS‐ZnO nanocable at high magnification.magnified imageTEM image of a PEDOT/PSS‐ZnO nanocable at high magnification.
Nanoscaled Polyaniline Fibers Prepared by Ferric Chloride as an Oxidant
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Wan Meixiang , Wei Yen 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: Nanoscaled polyaniline (PANI) fibers with 17–30 nm in diameter were successfully prepared by oxidation polymerization using ferric hydrochloride (FeCl3 · 6H2O) as an oxidant in the presence of p‐toluenesulfonic acid (p‐TSA), β‐naphthalenesulfonic acid (β‐NSA), and camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) as the dopants. The resulting nanofibers show smaller diameter, higher crystallinity and conductivity (10−1 S · cm−1) compared with the nanofibers oxidized by ammonium persulfate (APS), which may be due to the lower oxidation/reduction potential of FeCl3.SEM images of the PANI nanofibers prepared by oxidation polymerization using ferric hydrochloride as an oxidant.magnified imageSEM images of the PANI nanofibers prepared by oxidation polymerization using ferric hydrochloride as an oxidant.
Preparation of Hybrid Microgels Functionalized by Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Pich Andrij , Karak Arpita , Lu Yan , Ghosh Arnup K. , Adler Hans‐Juergen P. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: Hybrid microgels functionalized with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been prepared and their physico‐chemical properties examined. Composite particles have been obtained by formation of AgNP in presence of poly[vinylcaprolactam‐co‐(acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate)] (VCL/AAEM) microgel particles. It has been demonstrated that hybrid particles with different AgNP amounts can be prepared. Hybrid particles are sensitive to temperature and swelling, and collapse processes are reversible. Incorporation of AgNP leads to shrinkage of microgel template due to the partial immobilization of polymer chains on the microgel surface. As a consequence, gradual loss of temperature sensitivity is observed. Hybrid microgels form highly transparent well‐organized films on solid substrates, providing homogeneous distribution of AgNP in bulk material. Presence of AgNP increases considerably the thermal stability of composite films.Schematic representation (left) and TEM image (right) of hybrid microgels containing silver nanoparticles (AgNP).magnified imageSchematic representation (left) and TEM image (right) of hybrid microgels containing silver nanoparticles (AgNP).
Mixed Aluminum‐Magnesium‐Rare Earth Allyl Catalysts for Controlled Isoprene Polymerization: Modulation of Stereocontrol
Authors: Ajellal Noureddine , Furlan Luciano , Thomas Christophe M. , Casagrande Osvaldo L. , Carpentier Jean‐François 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: The performances of readily available Ln(allyl)2Cl(MgCl2)2 · (THF)4 precursors (Ln = Nd, 1; Y, 2; La, 3), in combination with alkyl aluminum activators [MAO, AlMe3, AlEt3, Al(iBu)3], have been studied in isoprene polymerization. The catalyst combination 1/MAO (1:30) shows a high activity (average TOFs up to ca. 5 × 104 mol (Ip) · mol (Nd)−1 · h−1 at 20 °C) and produces polyisoprene in a controlled fashion with up to 98.5% cis content, number‐average molecular weights in reasonable agreement with calculated values, and relatively narrow polydispersities index ($\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 1.20–1.70). The yttrium precursor 2 affords systems with much lower activity and degree of control, but enables the formation of either 1,4‐cis‐enriched (75%) or 1,4‐trans‐enriched (91%) polyisoprenes, simply replacing the MAO activator by AlEt3 or Al(iBu)3, respectively.Formation of 1,4‐cis‐ or 1,4‐trans‐enriched polyisoprenes upon activation with MAO.magnified imageFormation of 1,4‐cis‐ or 1,4‐trans‐enriched polyisoprenes upon activation with MAO.