bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental studies of ischemic enterocolitis
Authors: Mishima Yoshio , Horie Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2006

AbstractOcclusion of the minute vessels of the bowel produces hemorrhage, ulceration, and necrosis of the bowel wall. To clarify the pathophysiology of the ischemic lesions caused by minute vessel occlusion, a microbarium suspension was injected into the mesenteric vessels of mongrel dogs. The pathological process in the bowel wall was parallel to the degree and extent of occlusion. The changes observed in these experimental studies were similar to those encountered in patients with ischemic enterocolitis. From our clinical and experimental analyses, the bowel lesions caused by minute vessel occlusion were classified into 3 categories according to the layer of the bowel wall involved, namely (a) mucosal, (b) submucosal and muscular, and (c) all layers of the bowel wall. In the lesions confined to the mucosal layer, the pathological processes were transient and reversible, and special treatment was not necessary since spontaneous recovery could be expected in almost all cases without any functional disturbance. When the ischemic changes involved the submucosal layer beyond the base of the crypts, ulceration almost always developed and was followed by a high incidence of stenosis due to scar formation. In this type of lesion, surgical treatment is required if stenosis persists after healing of the intestinal ischemic lesions. When the ischemic processes extended through all layers of the bowel wall, characteristic endoscopic findings were observed even in the early stages. Because of the high mortality rate, immediate surgical intervention is mandatory.
A comparison of sites suitable for the seedling establishment of two co‐occurring species, Swintonia glauca and Stemonurus scorpioides, in a tropical peat swamp forest
Authors: Shimamura Tetsuya , Momose Kuniyasu , Kobayashi Shigeo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSpatial and temporal ground‐surface dynamics are major factors that affect regeneration and species coexistence in tropical peat swamp forests. We studied the seedling survivorship and morphological features of two tree species that play important roles in maintaining the ground‐surface dynamics of a peat swamp forest in Sumatra. Large Swintonia glauca trees form mounds, whereas large Stemonurus scorpioides trees occupy non‐mounds. We monitored the demography of naturally dispersed Swintonia and Stemonurus seedlings that germinated in 2000. Survivorship of Swintonia seedlings was high under conditions of late germination, high‐light environment, and elevated ground surface, and was negatively affected by distance to the nearest conspecific adult. Survivorship of Stemonurus was high under conditions of early germination and high conspecific seedling density, and was also negatively affected by distance to the nearest conspecific adult. The allometric features of Stemonurus seedlings indicated characteristics of stress tolerance, that is, low growth rate and thick, porous roots. Stemonurus, which has large wingless seeds, regenerated in non‐mounds around the parental trees, while winged Swintonia seeds dispersed farther from the parent and established in patchily distributed gaps and mounds. Thus, Swintonia seedlings can survive on non‐mound sites within gaps and possibly create mounds, while Stemonurus seedlings tend to maintain non‐mounds around the parental trees.
Temporal relationship between MMP production and angiogenic process in HUVECs
Authors: Kiran M.S. , Kumar V.B. Sameer , Viji R.I. , Sudhakaran P.R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAlterations in both cell—cell and cell—matrix interactions are associated with the activation of endothelial cells that initiate angiogenesis. Cell—matrix interactions are affected by changes in both cell surface receptors for matrix proteins and the composition of ECM. One of the molecular mechanisms involved in changes in these components is the action of neutral proteinases, particularly matrix metalloproteinases. To understand the involvement of MMPs in angiogenic processes, the in vitro model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture was used. Zymography and ELISA showed that, as cell—cell contact and network‐like structures were formed, there was down regulation of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 associated with high levels of their endogenous inhibitors TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2. On treatment with aspirin, which inhibited the cell—cell contact and network‐like structure formation, there was no down regulation of MMPs and cells continued to produce MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. These results indicate a temporal relationship between MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 production by endothelial cells and the onset of angiogenic event.
Blockade of substance P (neurokinin 1) receptors enhances extracellular serotonin when combined with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor: an in vivo microdialysis study in mice
Authors: Guiard Bruno P. , Przybylski Cédric , Guilloux Jean‐Philippe , Seif Isabelle , Froger Nicolas , De Felipe Carmen , Hunt Stephen P. , Lanfumey Laurence , Gardier Alain M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSubstance P antagonists of the neurokinin‐1 receptor type (NK1) are gaining growing interest as new antidepressant therapies. It has been postulated that these drugs exert this putative therapeutic effect without direct interactions with serotonin (5‐HT) neurones. Our recent microdialysis experiment performed in NK1 receptor knockout mice suggested evidence of changes in 5‐HT neuronal function (Froger et al. 2001). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of coadministration of the selective 5‐HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine with a NK1 receptor antagonist (GR205171 or L733060), given either intraperitoneally (i.p.) or locally into the dorsal raphe nucleus, on extracellular levels of 5‐HT ([5‐HT]ext) in the frontal cortex and the dorsal raphe nucleus using in vivo microdialysis in awake, freely moving mice. The systemic or intraraphe administration of a NK1 receptor antagonist did not change basal cortical [5‐HT]ext in mice. A single systemic dose of paroxetine (4 mg/kg; i.p.) resulted in a statistically significant increase in [5‐HT]ext with a larger extent in the dorsal raphe nucleus (+ 138% over basal AUC values), than in the frontal cortex (+ 52% over basal AUC values). Co‐administration of paroxetine (4 mg/kg; i.p.) with the NK1 receptor antagonists, GR205171 (30 mg/kg; i.p.) or L733060 (40 mg/kg; i.p.), potentiated the effects of paroxetine on cortical [5‐HT]ext in wild‐type mice, whereas GR205171 (30 mg/kg; i.p.) had no effect on paroxetine‐induced increase in cortical [5‐HT]ext in NK1 receptor knock‐out mice. When GR205171 (300 µmol/L) was perfused by ‘reverse microdialysis’ into the dorsal raphe nucleus, it potentiated the effects of paroxetine on cortical [5‐HT]ext, and inhibited paroxetine‐induced increase in [5‐HT]ext in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Finally, in mice whose 5‐HT transporters were first blocked by a local perfusion of 1 µmol/L of citalopram into the frontal cortex, a single dose of paroxetine (4 mg/kg i.p.) decreased cortical 5‐HT release, and GR205171 (30 mg/kg i.p.) reversed this effect. The present findings suggest that NK1 receptor antagonists, when combined with a SSRI, augment 5‐HT release by modulating substance P/5–HT interactions in the dorsal raphe nucleus.
Genetic analyses in patients with familial isolated hyperparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism–jaw tumour syndrome
Authors: Mizusawa Noriko , Uchino Shinya , Iwata Takeo , Tsuyuguchi Masaru , Suzuki Yasuyo , Mizukoshi Tsunenori , Yamashita Yoshio , Sakurai Akihiro , Suzuki Shinichi , Beniko Mutsuo , Tahara Hideki , Fujisawa Masato , Kamata Nobuyuki , Fujisawa Kenji , Yashiro Tohru , Nagao Daisuke , Golam Hossain Md. , Sano Toshiaki , Noguchi Shiro , Yoshimoto Katsuhiko 
Published: May 2006

SummaryBackground  A subset of familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) is a variant of hyperparathyroidism–jaw tumour syndrome (HPT‐JT).Aim/patients and methods  We investigated the involvement of the HRPT2, MEN1 and CASR genes in 11 provisional FIHP families and two HPT‐JT families.Results  Germline mutations of HRPT2 were found in two of the 11 FIHP families and one of the two HPT‐JT families. One FIHP family with parathyroid carcinoma and atypical adenomas and another FIHP family with cystic parathyroid adenoma had novel frameshift mutations of 518–521del and 62–66del, respectively. In a patient with HPT‐JT, a de novo germline mutation of 39delC was detected. Novel somatic HRPT2 mutations of 70–73del and 95–102del were found in two of five parathyroid tumours in a family with a 518–521del mutation. Biallelic inactivation of HRPT2 by a combination of germline and somatic mutation was confirmed in the parathyroid tumours. The finding that two families diagnosed with FIHP carried HRPT2 mutations suggests that they have occult HPT‐JT. In the remaining 10 families, one family had a missense MEN1 mutation. No mutations of CASR were detected.Conclusion  Our results confirm the need to test for HRPT2 in FIHP families, especially those with parathyroid carcinomas, atypical adenomas or adenomas with cystic change.
Hypoxia‐induced ischemic tolerance in neonatal rat brain involves enhanced ERK1/2 signaling
Authors: Jones Nicole M. , Bergeron Marcelle 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHypoxic preconditioning (HP) 24 h before hypoxic‐ischemic (HI) injury confers significant neuroprotection in neonatal rat brain. Recent studies have shown that the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) intracellular signaling pathways play a role in the induction of tolerance to ischemic injury in heart and brain. To study the role of MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK, p38MAPK) and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathways in hypoxia‐induced ischemic tolerance, we examined the brains of newborn rats at different time points after exposure to sublethal hypoxia (8% O2for 3 h). Immunoblot analysis showed that HP had no effect on the levels of phosphorylated Akt, GSK3β, JNK and p38MAPK. In contrast, significantly increased levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 were observed 0.5 h after HP. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that hypoxia‐induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was found mainly in microvessels throughout the brain and in astrocytes in white matter tracts. Inhibition of hypoxia‐induced ERK1/2 pathway with intracerebral administration of U0126 significantly attenuated the neuroprotection afforded by HP against HI injury. These findings suggest that activation of ERK1/2 signaling may contribute to hypoxia‐induced tolerance in neonatal rat brain in part by preserving vascular and white matter integrity after HI.
Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with chronic infection
Authors: Caldas Ribeiro Nadia Regina , Soares Campos Gubio , Dias Angelo Ana Luiza , Lorens Braga Eduardo , Santana Nelma , Mesquita Soares Gomes Michele , Rebello Pinho Joao Renato , Andrade De Carvalho Wilson , Costa Lyra Luiz Guilherme , Castro Lyra Andre 
Published: May 2006

Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be classified into at least eight genotypes, A–H. We evaluated the distribution HBV genotypes among patients with chronic infection.Methods: We consecutively evaluated adult patients with chronic HBV infection from Salvador, Brazil. Patients were classified according to HBV infection chronic phases based on HBV‐DNA levels and presence of serum HBV markers. HBV‐DNA was qualitatively and quantitatively detected in serum by polymerised chain reaction (PCR). Isolates were genotyped by comparison of amino acid mutations and phylogenetic analysis.Results: One‐hundred and fourteen patients were evaluated. HBV‐DNA was positive in 96 samples. HBV genotype was done in 76. Mean age was 36±11.3. In 61 of 76 cases subjects were classified as inactive HBsAg carriers. Their mean HBV serum level was 1760 copies/ml and 53 of 61 were infected with HBV genotype A, seven with HBV genotype F and one with genotype B. Twelve of the 76 patients had detectable hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg) in serum. Ten were infected with HBV genotype A and two with genotype F; most had increased alanine aminotransferase and high HBV‐DNA levels. Three patients were in the immunotolerant phase, two were infected with HBV genotype A and one with genotype F. HBV subtyping showed subtypes adw2 and adw4.Conclusions: HBV genotype A adw2 and genotype F adw4 were the most prevalent isolates found. We could not find differences in genotype distribution according to HBV clinical phases and DNA levels. We did not detect HBV genotype D in contrast to a previous study in our center with acute hepatitis B. All inactive HBsAg carriers had low HBV‐DNA levels.
Normal Performance on a Simulated Gambling Task in Treatment‐Naïve Alcohol‐Dependent Individuals
Authors: Fein George , McGillivray Shannon , Finn Peter 
Published: May 2006

Background: Research suggests that substance abusers make more disadvantageous decisions on the simulated gambling task (SGT); such decisions are associated with deviance proneness and antisocial symptoms. This study examines decision making on the SGT in young adults with alcohol dependence who are treatment‐naïve (TxN).Methods: A total of 116 subjects (58 controls, 58 TxNs) were tested on the SGT, where participants choose cards from 4 different decks that vary in terms of the magnitude of the immediate gain (large/small) and the magnitude of long‐term loss (larger/smaller). Participants were also assessed on measures of externalizing symptoms, personality traits reflecting social deviance, neuropsychological function, and the density of the family history of alcoholism.Results: Treatment‐naïves did not differ from controls on measures of SGT decision making. Simulated gambling task performance was not associated with externalizing symptoms, social deviance proneness, or a familial density of alcoholism. Although TxNs had higher levels of externalizing symptoms, social deviance, and familial density of alcoholism compared with controls, these variables were only modestly elevated compared with previous samples of long‐term abstinent alcohol‐dependent individuals who showed decision‐making deficits on the SGT.Conclusions: The results suggest that our sample of young adult TxN adults with alcohol dependence do not have global deficits in decision making as measured by the SGT, and that their poor decisions regarding their alcohol consumption are more specific to drinking.
Long‐term changes in ground water chemistry at a phytoremediation demonstration site
Authors: Eberts Sandra M. , Jones Sonya A. , Braun Christopher L. , Harvey Gregory J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA field‐scale demonstration project was conducted to evaluate the capability of eastern cottonwood trees (Populus deltoides) to attenuate trichloroethene (TCE) contamination of ground water. By the middle of the sixth growing season, trees planted where depth to water was <3 m delivered enough dissolved organic carbon to the underlying aquifer to lower dissolved oxygen concentrations, to create iron‐reducing conditions along the plume centerline and sulfate‐reducing or methanogenic conditions in localized areas, and to initiate in situ reductive dechlorination of TCE. Apparent biodegradation rate constants for TCE along the centerline of the plume beneath the phytoremediation system increased from 0.0002/d to 0.02/d during the first six growing seasons. The corresponding increase in natural attenuation capacity of the aquifer along the plume centerline, from 0.0004/m to 0.024/m, is associated with a potential decrease in plume‐stabilization distance from 9680 to 160 m. Demonstration results provide insight into the amount of vegetation and time that may be needed to achieve cleanup objectives at the field scale.
Web-based climate information resources for malaria control in Africa
Authors: Grover-Kopec Emily K , Blumenthal M Benno , Ceccato Pietro , Dinku Tufa , Omumbo Judy A , Connor Stephen J 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Malaria remains a major public health threat to more than 600 million Africans and its control is recognized as critical to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. The greatest burden of malaria in Africa occurs in the endemic regions where the disease pathogen is continuously present in the community. These regions are characterized by an environment that is conducive to interactions between the Anopheles mosquito, malaria parasites and human hosts, as well as housing of generally poor quality, which offers little protection from mosquito-human contact. Epidemic malaria tends to occur along the geographical margins of endemic regions, when the equilibrium between the human, parasite and mosquito vector populations is occasionally disturbed and a sharp but temporary increase in disease incidence results. When malaria control measures are inadequate, as is the case in much of sub-Saharan Africa, the disease distribution is closely linked with seasonal patterns of the climate and local environment. In the absence of good epidemiological data on malaria distribution in Africa, climate information has long been used to develop malaria risk maps that illustrate the boundaries of 'climatic suitability for endemic transmission.' The best known of these are produced by the Pan-African-based MARA Collaboration. This paper describes the development of additional malaria suitability maps which have been produced in an online, interactive format to enable temporal information (i.e., seasonality of climate conditions) to be queried and displayed along with spatial information. These maps and the seasonal information that they contain should be useful to the malaria control and health service communities for their planning and operational activities.
Spatial Pattern Formation, Size Selection, and Directional Flow of Polymer Latex Particles by Laser Trapping Technique
Authors: Misawa Hiroaki , Koshioka Masanori , Sasaki Keiji , Kitamura Noboru , Masuhara Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Polystyrene latex particles with the diameter of ≈1 μm in water were laser trapped in spatial images of a laser beam. For a mixture of latex particles with different diameters, delicate tuning of the images resulted in size selection of the particles. Directional flow of the particles in water was also achieved by laser irradiation.
Advanced TiAl6Nb7 Bone Screw Implant Fabricated by Metal Injection Moulding
Authors: Aust E. , Limberg W. , Gerling R. , Oger B. , Ebel T. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe innovative technology of metal injection moulding could be successfully applied to the titanium alloy TiAl6Nb7. For this reactive material the complex processing steps such as feedstock fabrication, injection moulding, debinding and sintering were optimised in the frame of the development of a bone screw implant.
Catalytic Polymer Membranes for high Temperature Hydrogenation of viscous Liquids
Authors: Fritsch D. , Bengtson G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPolymeric membranes with high oil fluxes were developed and catalytically activated by a new route of direct calcination of polymeric membranes charged by Pd or Pt catalyst precursors. High concentrations of citric acid mixed with the precursors afforded a decrease of the calcination temperature to 175°C. Membrane reactor tests in the flow through contactor mode displayed high reactivities for sunflower oil hydrogenation. Pt showed a similar activity to Pd catalysts as measured by iodine value and generated about 13% less trans‐isomers but 5% more stearic acid at an iodine value of 90. By means of alumina supported catalysts tests of methyl oleate (cis‐C18:1) and methyl elaidate (trans‐C18:1) hydrogenation exhibited a different pathway of reaction by either isomerization followed by reduction (Pd) or primarily direct reduction to methyl stearate (Pt).
Maximum likelihood estimators of population parameters from doubly left‐censored samples
Authors: Aboueissa Abou El‐Makarim A. , Stoline Michael R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractLeft‐censored data often arise in environmental contexts with one or more detection limits, DLs. Estimators of the parameters are derived for left‐censored data having two detection limits: DL1and DL2assuming an underlying normal distribution. Two different approaches for calculating the maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) are given and examined. These methods also apply to lognormally distributed environmental data with two distinct detection limits. The performance of the new estimators is compared utilizing many simulated data sets. Examples are given illustrating the use of these methods utilizing a computer program given in the Appendix. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forcing under Anti‐Foundation Axiom: An expression of the stalks
Authors: Kentaro Sato 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe introduce a new simple way of defining the forcing method that works well in the usual setting under FA, the Foundation Axiom, and moreover works even under Aczel's AFA, the Anti‐Foundation Axiom. This new way allows us to have an intuition about what happens in defining the forcing relation. The main tool is H. Friedman's method of defining the extensional membership relation ∈ by means of the intensional membership relation ε .Analogously to the usual forcing and the usual generic extension for FA‐models, we can justify the existence of generic filters and can obtain the Forcing Theorem and the Minimal Model Theorem with some modifications. These results are on the line of works to investigate whether model theory for AFA‐set theory can be developed in a similar way to that for FA‐set theory.Aczel pointed out that the quotient of transition systems by the largest bisimulation and transition relations have the essentially same theory as the set theory with AFA. Therefore, we could hope that, by using our new method, some open problems about transition systems turn out to be consistent or independent. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Residuated logics based on strict triangular norms with an involutive negation
Authors: Cintula Petr , Klement Erich Peter , Mesiar Radko , Navara Mirko 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn general, there is only one fuzzy logic in which the standard interpretation of the strong conjunction is a strict triangular norm, namely, the product logic. We study several equations which are satisfied by some strict t‐norms and their dual t‐conorms. Adding an involutive negation, these equations allow us to generate countably many logics based on strict t‐norms which are different from the product logic. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Categorical abstract algebraic logic: The largest theory system included in a theory family
Authors: Voutsadakis George 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this note, it is shown that, given a π ‐institution ℐ = 〈Sign, SEN, C 〉, with N a category of natural transformations on SEN, every theory family T of ℐ includes a unique largest theory system $ \overleftarrow T $ of ℐ. $ \overleftarrow T $ satisfies the important property that its N ‐Leibniz congruence system always includes that of T . As a consequence, it is shown, on the one hand, that the relation ΩN ($ \overleftarrow T $) = ΩN (T ) characterizes N ‐protoalgebraicity inside the class of N ‐prealgebraic π ‐institutions and, on the other, that all N ‐Leibniz theory families associated with theory families of a protoalgebraic π ‐institution ℐ are in fact N ‐Leibniz theory systems. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A probabilistic approach to quantum mechanics based on ‘tomograms’
Authors: Caponigro M. , Mancini S. , Man'ko V.I. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIt is usually believed that a picture of Quantum Mechanics in terms of true probabilities cannot be given due to the uncertainty relations. Here we discuss a tomographic approach to quantum states that leads to a probability representation of quantum states. This can be regarded as a classical‐like formulation of quantum mechanics which avoids the counterintuitive concepts of wave function and density operator. The relevant concepts of quantum mechanics are then reconsidered and the epistemological implications of such approach discussed.