bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acrylamide and 2,5‐hexanedione induce collapse of neurofilaments in SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to form perikaryal inclusion bodies
Authors: Hartley C.L. , Anderson V.E.R. , Anderson B.H. , Robertson J. 
Published: May 2008

C.L. Hartley, V.E.R. Anderson, B.H. Anderson & J. Robertson (1997) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology23, 364–372Acrylamide and 2,5‐hexanedione induce collapse of neurofilaments in SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to form perikaryal inclusion bodiesNeurofilament accumulations are characteristic of a number of neurological conditions including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, giant axonal neuropathies and several chemically‐induced neuropathies. Although the mechanism(s) leading to neurofilament accumulation are unknown, it is possible that similar processes occur both in disease and in chemically‐induced neuropathies. Understanding the mechanism(s) of chemically‐induced neurofilament accumulation, which is more amenable to experimental manipulation, may give insight into the neurological diseases they mimic. We have compared the effects of two chemically‐dissimilar neurotoxins, 2,5‐hexanedione and acrylamide, on neurofilaments in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH‐SY5Y. Both undifferentiated and differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells were exposed to 2,5‐hexanedione or acrylamide and changes in cytoskeletal organization examined by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Although distinct morphological differences have previously been characterized in the neuropathies induced by 2,5‐hexanedione and acrylamide in vivo, we have found that both compounds had similar direct effects on neurofilaments in SH‐SY5Y cells, inducing formation of perikaryal inclusion bodies. In addition, differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells were more sensitive to both 2,5‐hexanedione and acrylamide compared with undifferentiated cells. These similar effects of 2,5‐hexanedione and acrylamide lend further support that a common mechanism(s) may lead to neurofilament accumulation in these neuropathies. SH‐SY5Y cells provide a useful model to investigate further the biochemical basis of neurofilament accumulation.
Effect of changes in the CD44 gene on tumour cell invasion in gliomas
Authors: Bouterfa H. , Janka M. , Meese E. , Kerkau S. , Roosen K. , Tonn J. C. 
Published: May 2008

H. Bouterfa, M. Janka, E. Meese, S. Kerkau, K. Roosen & J. C. Tonn (1997) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology23, 373–379Effect of changes in the CD44 gene on tumour cell invasion in gliomasCell adhesion is a critical factor in the multistep process of tumour invasion. CD44 is one of the cell surface adhesion molecules responsible for interaction with hyaluronic acid, a component of the CNS extracellular matrix. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate whether alterations in the CD44 gene might account for different invasive behaviour. EcoRI restriction analysis by Southern blot hybridization revealed several additional hybridization signals in tissue specimens of two out of 16 patients with glioblastoma, indicating DNA rearrangements or point mutations, respectively, within the region of the CD44 gene. Expression patterns of CD44 isoforms in these two rearranged gliomas and in 28 other patients with malignant gliomas were analysed by RT‐PCR. All cases displayed only the splice variant CD44H, which acts as hyaluronic acid receptor in glioma tumour cells. Tumour cell invasion was studied with Boyden chamber assays using hyaluronic acid as ligand and functional CD44H blocking antibody. Invasion of cells derived from those gliomas carrying the rearranged CD44 gene locus was decreased by about 50% compared with gliomas without rearrangement, indicating that the altered hybridization patterns in the two glioma samples influenced CD44H mediated glioma cell invasion through hyaluronic acid in vitro. Our results on CD44 isoform expression suggest that, in contrast to other solid tumours, gliomas seem to express only the CD44 variant. Genetic alterations within the CD44 gene might alter the binding domain of the receptor and thus account for different invasive behaviour in glioblastomas.
The abnormal expression of utrophin in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy is age related
Authors: Taylor J. , Muntoni F. , Dubowitz V. , Sewry C. A. 
Published: May 2008

J. Taylor, F. Muntoni, V. Dubowitz and C. A. Sewry (1997) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology23, 399–405The abnormal expression of utrophin in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy is age relatedUtrophin is a 395 kDa protein with considerable homology to dystrophin. It is highly expressed in the sarcolemma of normal fetal muscle fibres but is confined to neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions, and blood vessels in adult muscle. Sarcolemmal expression occurs on regenerating fibres, irrespective of the disease, and is also seen on mature fibres in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD, BMD), and inflammatory myopathies. The reasons for the abnormal expression in DMD and BMD are unclear. We have studied this expression of utrophin immunocytochemically on mature fibres in 42 cases of DMD and BMD, aged 3 months–24 years of age. All cases had some mature fibres, with no detectable fetal myosin, that showed sarcolemmal expression of utrophin. The number of these fibres and the intensity of fluorescence was low in young cases before the age of 2 years and increased with age. The fluorescence was graded on a scale of 0 to ++++ and there were significantly more cases under 2 years of age (10/12) with a grading of utrophin of only +, compared with those over 2 years (4/30, P < 0.001). Some revertant fibres, but not all, expressed utrophin and dystrophin. Our data show that the abnormal expression of utrophin on mature muscle fibres in DMD and BMD is not a continuation of the expression that occurs in fetal or regenerating muscle, but is a secondary event caused by unknown factors. The immunocytochemical intensity of utrophin is variable between cases and there is no correlation with clinical severity. As all cases studied had some expression of utrophin on mature fibres, this may be a useful additional tool for distinguishing BMD from other dystrophies, especially in cases with minimal abnormalities in dystrophin expression and/or no detectable mutation in the gene.
Differential matrix metalloproteinase expression in cases of multiple sclerosis and stroke
Authors: Anthony D.C. , Ferguson B. , Matyzak M.K. , Miller K.M. , Esiri M.M. , Perry V.H. 
Published: May 2008

D.C. Anthony, B. Ferguson, M.K. Matyzak, K.M. Miller, M.M. Esiri and V.H. Perry (1997) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology23, 406–415Differential matrix metalloproteinase expression in cases of multiple sclerosis and strokeMultiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke pathology are characterized by blood–brain barrier breakdown, leucocyte emigration, and tissue destruction. Each process is thought to involve the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), but little is known of their expression. We undertook to investigate whether MMP expression is dependent on the nature of the CNS lesion and whether expression would coincide with the histopathology. MS or cerebral‐infarct tissue was examined for the presence of gelatinase‐A, gelatinase‐B, matrilysin and stromelysin‐1. Gelatinases A and B and matrilysin expression was found to be up‐regulated in microglia/macrophages within acute MS lesions. In active‐chronic MS lesions, matrilysin and gelatinase‐A expression was pronounced in the active borders. In chronic MS lesions, the expression of matrilysin was confined to macrophages within perivascular cuffs. The pattern of MMP expression in infarct lesions differed considerably. Gelatinase‐B was strongly expressed by neutrophils in tissue from patients up to 1 week after an infarct, whereas gelatinase‐A and matrilysin staining was much less marked. From 1 week to 5 years, neutrophils were absent and the large number of macrophages present were expressing matrilysin and gelatinase A. Only a low level of gelatinase‐A and matrilysin expression was observed in normal brain controls. Thus, MMPs are expressed in inflammatory lesions in the CNS, but their individual expression is dependent on the nature and chronicity of the lesion. However, the general pattern of expression, in perivascular cuffs and in active lesions, supports a role for these enzymes as mediators of blood–brain barrier breakdown and tissue destruction, both in MS and in cerebral ischaemia.
Role of myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein genes in multiple sclerosis: single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the human sequences
Authors: Price S. E. , Sharpe G. , Boots A. , Poutsma A. , Mason C. , James J. , Hinks L. , Thompson R. J. 
Published: May 2008

S. E. Price, G. Sharpe, A. Boots, A. Poutsma, C. Mason, J. James, L. Hinks and R. J. Thompson (1997) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology23, 457–467Role of myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein genes in multiple sclerosis: single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the human sequencesSusceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) is widely held to have a strong genetic component. While the identities of genes conferring susceptibility are currently unknown, possible candidates include those genes coding for proteins which function in central nervous system (CNS) myelin. Two such genes are the human myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) genes, whose products make up &80% of the total protein in CNS myelin. The association of a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) 5' to the human MBP gene with MS has been the subject of conflicting reports. Here we test the hypothesis that mutations in the human MBP and PLP genes might be associated with MS by examining the entire expressed sequence of both genes by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, using a panel of 71 MS patients and 71 controls. We have also re‐examined the VNTR region in patients and controls. Three base changes were found in the human PLP gene and nine base changes in the human MBP gene; these were essentially equally distributed between patients and controls. No preferential distribution of various alleles of the VNTR between patients and controls was found. Although intronic and regulatory regions have not been examined, it would appear unlikely that mutations in these genes coding for the two major CNS myelin proteins contribute significantly to genetic susceptibility to MS.
Proliferation and Dna fragmentation in meningioma subtypes
Authors: Maier H. , Maier H. , Wanschitz J. , Sedivy R. , Rössler K. , Öfner D. , Budka H. 
Published: May 2008

H. Maier, J. Wanschitz, R. Sedivy, K. Rössler, D. Öfner and H. Budka (1997) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology23, 496–506Proliferation and DNA fragmentation in meningioma subtypesAtypical meningioma has been introduced as tumour subtype of intermediate biological behaviour between classical and malignant meningiomas. To substantiate this three‐step scale of malignancy, we assessed the proliferative activity reflected by Ki‐67 (MIB1) labelling index (LI) in a series of 89 meningiomas, including 15 classical, 29 atypical, 35 anaplastic tumours, and 10 haemangiopericytomas and papillary meningiomas. The possible correlation of proliferation with the frequency of apoptosis and their relations to BCL‐2 immunoexpression was investigated in seven classical, 10 atypical and 10 malignant meningiomas. Apoptosis was demonstrated by evaluation of the frequency of apoptotic figures, by the enzymatic technique of in situ tailing (IST) which stains apoptotic DNA fragments, and by DNA preparation and gel electrophoresis demonstrating DNA laddering in frozen tissues of five meningiomas. MIB1 LI revealed a highly significant increase from classical through atypical to anaplastic meningiomas (P 0.0001); haemangiopericytomas and papillary meningiomas were well within the range of atypical meningiomas. IST indices rose with increasing malignancy and correlated with MIB1 LI (P 0.0001); they showed a weak inverse correlation with BCL‐2 immunoexpression (P= 0.05). BCL‐2 expression tended to decrease with malignancy grade and was unrelated to MIB1 LI or frequency of apoptosis. Our data show that (i) apoptosis is a feature of meningiomas, significantly correlated with the malignancy scale, (ii) DNA fragmentation shows significant correlation with proliferation and inversely with BCL‐2 expression; (iii) proliferation indices and frequencies of apoptosis/DNA fragmentation within meningioma subgroups corroborate the intermediate biological position of the atypical meningioma between classical and malignant meningiomas.
Case report
Authors: Dawson T. P. 
Published: May 2008

T. P. Dawson (1997) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 23, 516–520Pancytopaenia from a disseminated anaplastic oligodendrogliomaThe rarity of extraneural metastases from a central nervous system (CNS) tumour may mean that the manifestations of a metastatic lesion are confused with a second pathology. This report concerns a patient who developed a fatal and clinically unexplained, pancytopaenia 3 months after removal of an anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Post‐mortem revealed widespread bone marrow dissemination of the CNS primary and a solitary liver metastasis. A brief review of the literature and some possible reasons for the rarity of extracranial metastases are discussed.
Boosting Anti‐idiotype Immune Response with Recombinant AAV Enhances Tumour Protection Induced by Gene Gun Vaccination
Authors: Cesco‐Gaspere M. , Zentilin L. , Giacca M. , Burrone O.R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThanks to the safety of administration, efficiency of in vivo transduction and persistence of transgene expression, vectors based on the adeno‐associated virus (AAV) are extensively utilized in both preclinical and clinical experimentation. Here we thoroughly explore the potential of AAV‐mediated antigen delivery for tumour vaccination. A recombinant AAV vector (rAAV) encoding a lymphoma idiotype (Id) in a single‐chain variable fragment format was found to induce an efficient anti‐Id immune response upon injection in immunocompetent animals. The intensity of the immune response and the protective effect of rAAV administration in vivo were systematically compared with those elicited by simple injection of naked DNA or biolistic immunization. The results indicate that Id delivery via rAAV enhances the intensity of immune response compared with injection of naked DNA, while anti‐idiotypic antibodies titres are not considerably increased compared with biolistic vaccination. On the contrary, a prime‐boost vaccination strategy combining biolistic and AAV DNA delivery results in a major increase in anti‐Id antibody response compared with the repetitive biolistic immunization. This increased anti‐Id humoral response strictly correlated with a significant improvement on tumour protection in vivo.
Innovation in mechanical weed control in crop rows
Authors: VAN DER WEIDE R Y , BLEEKER P O , ACHTEN V T J M , LOTZ L A P , FOGELBERG F , MELANDER B 
Published: May 2008

SummaryWeed control within crop rows is one of the main problems in organic farming. For centuries, different weed removal tools have been used to reduce weeds in the crop rows. Stimulated by the demand from organic farmers, research in several European countries over the last decade has focused on mechanisation using harrowing, torsion finger weeding and weeding with compressed air (Pneumat). Intelligent weeders are now being developed which offer more advanced ways to control weeds, including larger ones and to leave the crop plants unharmed. One of the first commercially available intelligent weeders, the Sarl Radis from France, has a simple crop detection system based on light interception, which guides a hoe in and out of the crop row, around the crop plants. The inclusion of innovative technologies, including advanced sensing and robotics, in combination with new cropping systems, might lead to a breakthrough in physical weed control in row crops leading to significant reductions, or even elimination, of the need for hand weeding.
Weeds as hosts for new crop pests: the case of Protortonia navesi (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) on cassava in Brazil
Authors: OLIVEIRA C M , FONTES J R A 
Published: May 2008

SummaryWeeds may serve as reservoirs for new and invasive insect pests. The cassava root scale (Protortonia navesi) is a recent pest in the Brazilian ‘Cerrado’ that causes qualitative and quantitative damage by sucking plant sap. Recently, field surveys revealed that many common weeds in this region act as host for P. navesi in cassava fields. In a discrete survey, 15 weed species were identified that were hosting P. navesi. Among these, 13 species occurred during the cropping season and five were observed 4 months after cassava harvest. Eight months after harvest, only cassava volunteer plants were found to be hosting P. navesi. This survey provided a real example of the problem created when weeds host new crop pests. The management of weeds (including crop volunteers) needs to be considered as part of generalised pest management and pest invasion prevention schemes. Effective weed management can be a means of limiting the survival of new pests and the re‐infestation of susceptible crop species in subsequent years. Simple studies like this point to a practical need to create greater collaborations between pest management researchers working within discrete pest categories.
Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of basal cell carcinoma following curettage and electrodessication
Authors: Filho Lauro Lourival Lopes , De Oliveira de Avelar Alchorne Alice , Pereira Gerson Cotta , Lopes Lauro Rodolpho Soares , De Carvalho Teresinha Castelo Branco 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent non‐melanoma skin cancer. Curettage and electrosurgery is probably the method most commonly used by dermatologists for the treatment of small and low risk BCCs. However, one is unable to determine the persistence of any residual tumor. This study was carried out in order to demonstrate the presence of such tumoral cells after curettage and electrofulguration.Methods  20 primary BCC outpatients were studied at the Dermatology Service of Getúlio Vargas Hospital in the city of Teresina – State of Piauí– Brazil, with lesions of up to 1 cm in diameter on the face, and up to 1.5 cm elsewhere, and with no clinical signs of sclerosing and micronodular forms. Patients were anesthetized with 2% lidocaine with vasoconstrion and the lesions were curetted. Electrofulguration was conducted throughout the curetted area and 1 millimeter beyond. After two curettage and electrofulguration cycles, an incision around the resultant ulcer was made 2 mm beyond the visible bloody borders and in the base to the middle of subcutaneous fat. Two straight incisions were also carried out intersecting the lesion center, dividing it into quadrants. Each quadrant was incised and then fixed with 10% formalin. The quadrants and the fragments resulting from the curettage were in paraffin and histopathologically tested through hematoxylin/eosin stains and immunohistochemistry with Ber‐EP4 marker.Results  There was evidence of persistent BCC in 5 of the 20 sites treated (25%): four (20%) in one quadrant and one (5%) in all four quadrants. 70–100% of tumor cells expressed Ber‐EP4 in all 20 BCCs.Conclusions  The persistence of tumoral residues after 2 curettage and electrofulguration cycles for basal cell carcinoma was found in 5 sites treated (25%). Despite the small cohort, such findings are very similar to those of other studies that applied curettage and electrocoagulation and indicated the probability of 25% of tumoral persistence.
Chronic arsenic toxicity from Ayurvedic medicines
Authors: Khandpur Sujay , Malhotra Amit K. , Bhatia Vidhyut , Gupta Subandhu , Sharma Vinod K. , Mishra Rakesh , Arora Narendra K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground  Ayurvedic medicines are known to contain arsenic and concentrations up to toxic levels have been reported in certain formulations. However, clinical disease due to arsenic containing ayurvedic medicines has rarely been reported. We seek to highlight the existence of toxic levels of arsenic in certain ayurvedic preparations that can produce serious systemic manifestations.Methods  An 11‐year‐old girl developed manifestations of arsenical keratosis (punctuate palmoplantar keratoderma and leucomelanoderma) and non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension, 6 months and 18 months respectively after intake of ayurvedic medications, prescribed for epilepsy. The eight ayurvedic preparations consumed by the patient and her serum levels were analyzed for arsenic content.Results  Arsenic content of ayurvedic medicines ranged from 5 mg/L to 248 mg/L. The serum arsenic level was 202.20 µg/L (normal < 60 µg/L). Skin manifestations improved after the discontinuation of ayurvedic medications.Conclusions  Ayurvedic medications should be consumed under strict guidance and supervision of qualified practitioners to prevent such catastrophies.
Ulcerative lichen planus of the sole: excellent response to topical tacrolimus
Authors: Al‐Khenaizan Sultan , Al Mubarak Luluah 
Published: May 2008

AbstractUlcerative lichen planus of the sole is a rare variant of lichen planus, characterized by chronic painful disabling ulceration of the soles. Despite many treatment modalities used to treat ulcerative lichen planus, it is still considered a resistant disease. We report a Saudi female patient with ulcerative lichen planus of the soles resistant to many systemic and topical agents. We used topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment with excellent response and complete healing in a few weeks as well as good maintenance during a follow‐up period of more than 2 years.
Isolation and identification of stem cells from adult cashmere goat skin
Authors: Liu Yingchun , Zhou Huanmin , Gao Feng 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground  Continuously renewing epithelia are maintained by stem cells that slowly proliferate and remain in the tissues for life. It has been known for decades that mouse epithelial stem cells can be selected by adherence to specific integrins.Methods  The adherence of cashmere goat epidermal cells to collagen type IV for 10 min was used to obtain enriched epidermal stem cells. The characteristics of the rapidly adherent epidermal cells were determined.Results  The rapidly adherent epidermal cells exhibited the stem cell characteristics of immaturity, were quiescent, showed a high colony formation efficiency, and expressed candidate surface markers for epidermal stem cells (keratin 15, keratin 19, p63, CD34, and β1‐integrin).Conclusions  The rapidly adherent epidermal cells represented the epidermal stem cell population.