bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface characterization and cell response of a PLA/CaP glass biodegradable composite material
Authors: Navarro M. , Engel E. , Planell J. A. , Amaral I. , Barbosa M. , Ginebra M. P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBioabsorbable materials are of great interest for bone regeneration applications, since they are able to degrade gradually as new tissue is formed. In this work, a fully biodegradable composite material containing polylactic acid (PLA) and calcium phosphate (CaP) soluble glass particles has been characterized in terms of surface properties and cell response. Cell cultures were performed in direct contact with the materials and also with their extracts, and were evaluated using the MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin measurements. The CaP glass and PLA were used as reference materials. No significant differences were observed in cell proliferation with the extracts containing the degradation by‐products of the three materials studied. A relation between the materials wettability and the material‐cell interactions at the initial stages of contact was observed. The most hydrophilic material (CaP glass) presented the highest cell adhesion values as well as an earlier differentiation, followed by the PLA/glass material. The incorporation of glass particles into the PLA matrix increased surface roughness. SEM images showed that the heterogeneity of the composite material induced morphological changes in the cells cytoskeleton. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Low molecular weight molecules of oyster nacre induce mineralization of the MC3T3‐E1 cells
Authors: Rousseau Marthe , Boulzaguet Hélène , Biagianti Julie , Duplat Denis , Milet Christian , Lopez Evelyne , Bédouet Laurent 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe nacre layer from the pearl oyster shell is considered as a promising osteoinductive biomaterial. Nacre contains one or more signal molecules capable of stimulating bone formation. The identity and the mode of action of these molecules on the osteoblast differentiation were analyzed. Water‐soluble molecules from nacre were fractionated according to dialysis, solvent extraction, and reversed‐phase HPLC. The activity of a fraction composed of low molecular weight molecules in the mineralization of the MC3T3‐E1 extracellular matrix was investigated. Mineralization of the preosteoblast cells was monitored according to alizarin red staining, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and quantitative RT‐PCR. Molecules isolated from nacre, ranging from 50 to 235 Da, induced a red alizarin staining of the preosteoblasts extracellular matrix after 16 days of culture. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of hydroxyapatite (HA) in samples treated with these molecules. Scanning electron microscopy pictures showed at the surface of the treated cells the occurrence of clusters of spherical particles resembling to HA. The treatment of cells with nacre molecules accelerated expression of collagen I and increased the mRNA expression of Runx2 and osteopontin. This study indicated that the nacre molecules efficient in bone cell differentiation are certainly different from proteins, and could be useful for in vivo bone repair. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
T cell subset distributions following primary and secondary implantation at subcutaneous biomaterial implant sites
Authors: Rodriguez Analiz , Voskerician Gabriela , Meyerson Howard , MacEwan Sarah R. , Anderson James M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSynthetic biomaterials are considered to be nonimmunogenic. Therefore, the role that adaptive immunity may play in the host response to implanted synthetic biomaterials has not been extensively studied. Cardinal features of adaptive immunity include specificity and T cell responses, which are greater and more effective with upregulation of activation receptors upon rechallenge. We compared the primary and secondary in vivo host response to three synthetic biomaterials: Elasthane 80A, silicone rubber, and polyethylene terephthalate using a cage implant model in Sprague Dawley rats. The synthetic biomedical polymers were subcutaneously implanted in cages for 14 days. Following explantation of the cages and a 2 week healing period, rats were implanted with cages containing the biomedical polymers for an additional 2 weeks. The cellular exudates within the cages were analyzed 4, 7, and 14 days post primary and secondary implantation by flow cytometry for the following cell types: T cells (inclusive of CD8+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD25+ subsets), B cells, granulocytes, and macrophages. At day 14 following secondary implantation, there was an increase in T cells, granulocytes, and macrophages in the exudates when compared with primary implantation for all groups inclusive of the empty cage control. However, CD4+/CD8+ ratios, the percentage of CD4+CD25+ T cells, and the macrophage surface adhesion/fusion did not vary significantly upon secondary implantation. Despite a quantitative increase in T cells following secondary biomaterial exposure, T cell subset distribution did not change, indicating nonspecific recruitment rather than an adaptive immune response. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Would a rising yen mean global turmoil?
Authors: Tokic Damir , Tokic Stijepko 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSince 1995, Japan has had low interest rates and a depreciating value of the yen against the U.S. dollar. So global investors have borrowed funds in Japan to invest in other global markets. But any indication of change in fundamentals can cause severe global financial turmoil, warn the authors of this article. They explain what signs investors need to watch to avert disaster, and how investors should protect themselves. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of TIEG1 in biological processes and disease states
Authors: Subramaniam Malayannan , Hawse John R. , Johnsen Steven A. , Spelsberg Thomas C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA novel TGFβ Inducible Early Gene‐1 (TIEG1) was discovered in human osteoblast (OB) cells by our laboratory. Over the past decade, a handful of laboratories have revealed a multitude of organismic, cellular, and molecular functions of this gene. TIEG1 is now classified as a member of the 3 zinc finger family of Krüppel‐like transcription factors (KLF10). Other closely related factors [TIEG2 (KLF11) and TIEG3/TIEG2b] have been reported and are briefly compared. As described in this review, TIEG1 is shown to play a role in regulating estrogen and TGFβ actions, the latter through the Smad signaling pathway. In both cases, TIEG1 acts as an inducer or repressor of gene transcription to enhance the TGFβ/Smad pathway, as well at other signaling pathways, to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This review outlines TIEG1's molecular functions and roles in skeletal disease (osteopenia/osteoporosis), heart disease (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), and cancer (breast and prostate). J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 539–548, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repair of large full‐thickness articular cartilage defects by transplantation of autologous uncultured bone‐marrow‐derived mononuclear cells
Authors: Chang Fei , Ishii Tomoo , Yanai Takaji , Mishima Hajime , Akaogi Hiroshi , Ogawa Takeshi , Ochiai Naoyuki 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of autologous uncultured bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cell transplantation in large full‐thickness cartilage regeneration. After fixing with a hinged external fixator, the entire surface of the left tibial plateau was resected and large full‐thickness cartilage defects were formed in 48 rabbits. Animals were divided into four groups: autologous uncultured bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells with fibrin gel (BMC), autologous uncultured peripheral blood‐derived mononuclear cells with fibrin gel (PBC), fibrin gel alone (GEL), or nothing (CON) transplanted to the articular cavity 7 days after the operation. The rabbits were killed 8 or 12 weeks after the operation. The repair of defects was investigated histologically and scored using a histological and histochemical grading scale that was modified from the International Cartilage Repair Society Visual Histological Assessment Scale. To evaluate the regenerated cartilage, we also morphometrically measured the staining area positive for Safranin‐O or type II collagen and calculated the percentages of the positive staining areas with respect to the regenerated soft tissue area. Histological findings showed that the BMC group had superior cartilage repair compared with the other groups, and that the PBC and CON group showed better cartilage repair than did the GEL group. Histological scores and morphometrical measurements also showed the same results quantitively. The transplantation of autologous uncultured bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells contributes to articular cartilage repair. The easy and safe method used in this study is potentially viable for clinical application. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:18–26, 2008
Circulating cells with osteogenic potential are physiologically mobilized into the fracture healing site in the parabiotic mice model
Authors: Kumagai Ken , Vasanji Amit , Drazba Judith A. , Butler Robert S. , Muschler George F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBased on the accumulating evidence of osteogenic cells present in the systemic circulation, we hypothesized that circulating osteogenic connective tissue progenitors (CTPs) home to fracture site and contribute to skeletal repair. Parabiotic animals were formed by surgically conjoining transgenic mice constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in no erythroid tissue and syngeneic wild‐type mice. After 3 weeks parabionts, equilibrium in blood chimerism between partners was established. A transverse fibular fracture was made in the contralateral hind limb of the conjoined wild‐type partner. The contribution of circulating cells to the fracture callus was assessed based on analysis of GFP+ cells and co‐localization of alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining nonfracture and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after fracture. Histomorphometric analysis at the fracture site showed significant increase of GFP+ cells after 2 (5.4%) and 3 (5.6%) weeks compared to nonfractured controls (1.7%). Of the GFP+ cells, percentage of the cells expressing AP activity at 1 (37.4%) and 2 (85.3%) weeks postfracture time was statistically higher than that in nonfractured controls (10.8%). The rate of mobilization of circulating osteogenic CTPs to fracture callus was also examined using 1 week parabionts at week 0–1 and week 1–2 postfracture. There was significant increase of GFP+/AP+ cells from week 0–1 (0.1%) and week 1–2 (1.8%). These data indicate that circulating osteogenic CTPs are mobilized to fracture site and contribute to osteogenesis in the early stage of fracture healing. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:165–175, 2008
Expression profiling reveals alternative macrophage activation and impaired osteogenesis in periprosthetic osteolysis
Authors: Koulouvaris Panagiotis , Ly Khanh , Ivashkiv Lionel B. , Bostrom Mathias P. , Nestor Bryan J. , Sculco Thomas P. , Purdue P. Edward 
Published: August 2007

AbstractInteractions between periprosthetic cells and prosthetic wear debris have been recognized as an important event in the development of osteolysis and aseptic loosening. Although the ability of wear debris to activate pro‐inflammatory macrophage signaling has been documented, the full repertoire of macrophage responses to wear particles has not been established. Here, we examined the involvement of alternative macrophage activation and defective osteogenic signaling in osteolysis. Using real‐time RT‐PCR analysis of periprosthetic soft tissue from osteolysis patients, we detected elevated levels of expression of alternative macrophage activation markers (CHIT1, CCL18), chemokines (IL8, MIP1 α) and markers of osteoclast precursor cell differentiation and multinucleation (Cathepsin K, TRAP, DC‐STAMP) relative to osteoarthritis controls. The presence of cathepsin K positive multinuclear cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Reduced expression levels of the osteogenic signaling components BMP4 and FGF18 were detected. Expression levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and RANKL were unchanged, while the anti‐osteoclastogenic cytokine OPG was reduced in osteolysis patients, resulting in elevated RANKL:OPG ratios. In vitro studies confirmed the role of particulate debris in alternative macrophage activation and inhibition of osteogenic signaling. Taken together, these results suggest involvement in osteolysis of alternative macrophage activation, accompanied by elevated levels of various chemokines. Increased recruitment and maturation of osteoclast precursors is also observed, as is reduced osteogenesis. These findings provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of osteolysis, and identify new potential candidate markers for disease progression and therapeutic targeting. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:106–116, 2008
The evolution of the management of regional lymph nodes in melanoma
Authors: Landry Christine S. , McMasters Kelly M. , Scoggins Charles R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe last two decades have seen sweeping changes in the surgical approach to melanoma. Traditionally, patients without evidence of nodal metastases were considered for elective lymph node dissection. This approach placed many patients at risk of morbidity while many derived no benefit. As investigators gained a deeper understanding of melanoma and lymphatic biology, newer methods of managing regional lymph nodes were sought. The advent of sentinel node biopsy has radically changed the approach to melanoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:316–321. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conviviality and everyday life: the appeal of new areas of London for visitors
Authors: Maitland Robert 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLiterature on tourism development in converted cities or new districts of polycentric cities emphasises planned processes to create attractions, often resulting in standardised tourism zones. The demands and experience of tourists themselves have been neglected. Qualitative research with overseas visitors to new tourism areas suggests that character and sense of place that visitors enjoy derives from a combination of unlike elements, ‘lashed up’ to create a distinctive place, in which everyday life plays an important role. Rather than familiar stories of conflict between ‘hosts’ and ‘guests’, the emphasis in some areas is on conviviality among different groups of city users. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear functionals on nonlinear spaces and applications to problems from viscoplasticity theory
Authors: Pompe Waldemar 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA classical result in the theory of monotone operators states that ifCis a reflexive Banach space, and an operatorA:C→C*is monotone, semicontinuous and coercive, thenAis surjective. In this paper, we define the ‘dual space’C*of a convex, usually not linear, subsetCof some Banach spaceX(in general, we will haveC*⊃X*) and prove an analogous result. Then, we give an application to problems from viscoplasticity theory, where the natural space to look for solutions is not linear. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrolyzed fumonisins HFB1 and HFB2 are acylated in vitro and in vivo by ceramide synthase to form cytotoxic N‐acyl‐metabolites
Authors: Seiferlein Michaela , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Voss Kenneth A. , Sullards M. Cameron , Allegood Jeremy C. , Wang Elaine , Merrill Alfred H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFumonisins B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2) are the most abundant members of the fumonisins ‐ mycotoxins that are produced by Fusarium verticillioides and are natural inhibitors of ceramide synthase. Their hydrolyzed forms, HFB1 and HFB2 (also called AP1 and AP2) are found in some foods, and they are not only inhibitors of ceramide synthase but also undergo acylation by this enzyme. This study characterized the conversion of HFB1 and HFB2 by ceramide synthase to their respective N‐acylated metabolites using rat liver microsomes and palmitoyl‐CoA or nervonoyl‐CoA as cosubstrates, and examined animals that had been dosed with hydrolyzed fumonisins to ascertain if acylation occurs in vivo. Using an HPLC‐MS/MS method that allowed the sensitive and selective detection of the acylation products, both HFB1 and HFB2 were found to be metabolized in vitro to nervonoyl‐ or palmitoyl‐HFB1 and ‐HFB2 (i. e. C24:1‐HFB1/2 and C16‐HFB1/2, respectively). The apparent vmax was considerably higher for formation of C24:1HFB1 (157 pmol/min/mg protein) than for formation of C16HFB1 (8.7 pmol/min/mg protein). The acylation products also inhibited ceramide synthase and significantly reduced the number of viable cells in an in vitro [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)] assay using a human colonic cell line (HT29). Furthermore, HPLC‐MS/MS analysis of tissues from rats given intraperitoneal doses of HFB1 confirmed that formation of N‐acyl‐HFB1 occurs in vivo to produce metabolites with fatty acids of various chain lengths. The contribution of acylated HFB1 and HFB2 metabolites to fumonisin toxicity in vivo warrants further investigation.
An NMR, IR and theoretical investigation of 1H Chemical Shifts and hydrogen bonding in phenols
Authors: Abraham Raymond J. , Mobli Mehdi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe change in 1H NMR chemical shifts upon hydrogen bonding was investigated using both experimental and theoretical methods. The 1H NMR spectra of a number of phenols were recorded in CDCl3 and DMSO solvents. For phenol, 2‐ and 4‐cyanophenol and 2‐nitrophenol the OH chemical shifts were measured as a function of concentration in CDCl3. The plots were all linear with concentration, the gradients varying from 0.940 (phenol) to 7.85 (4‐cyanophenol) ppm/M because of competing inter‐ and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Ab initio calculations of a model acetone/phenol system showed that the OH shielding was linear with the H…OC distance (R) for R < 2.1 Å with a shielding coefficient of − 7.8 ppm/Å and proportional to cos2φ where φ is the H…OCC dihedral angle. Other geometrical parameters had little effect. It was also found that the nuclear shielding profile is unrelated to the hydrogen bonding energy profile. The dependence of the OH chemical shift on the π density on the oxygen atom was determined as ca 40 ppm/π electron. This factor is similar to that for NH but four times the value for sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. The introduction of these effects into the CHARGE programme allowed the calculation of the 1H chemical shifts of the compounds studied. The CHARGE calculations were compared with those from the ACD database and from GIAO calculations. The CHARGE calculations were more accurate than other calculations both when all the shifts were considered and also when the OH shifts were excluded. The calculations from the ACD and GIAO approaches were reasonable when the OH shifts were excluded but not as good when all the shifts were considered. The poor treatment of the OH shifts in the GIAO calculations is very likely due to the lack of explicit solvent effects in these calculations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete 1H NMR spectral fingerprint of huperzine A
Authors: Niemitz Matthias , Laatikainen Reino , Chen Shao‐Nong , Kleps Robert , Kozikowski Alan P. , Pauli Guido F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractComplete analysis of the 1H NMR spectrum of huperzine A, 1‐amino‐13‐ethylidene‐11‐methyl‐6‐aza‐tricyclo[7.3.1.02, 7]trideca‐2(7),3,10‐trien‐5‐one, a Lycopodium alkaloid and anti‐Alzheimer drug lead containing an ABCD(E)(MN)(OP)X3Y3–type system of 15 nonexchangeable proton spins, is reported for the first time, and earlier assignments are corrected. The complete 1H parameter set of 11 chemical shifts clarifies the diastereotopism of both methylene groups, and provides a total of 38 observed H,H‐couplings including 31 long‐range (4–6J) connectivities. The NMR data is consistent with the comparatively rigid alicyclic backbone predicted by molecular mechanics calculations, and forms the basis for 1H NMR fingerprint analysis for the purpose of dereplication, purity analysis, and elucidation of structural analogs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3‐Oxo‐12α‐hydroxyfriedelane from Maytenus gonoclada: structure elucidation by 1H and 13C chemical shift assignments and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Oliveira Mauro Lúcio G. , Duarte Lucienir Pains , Silva Grácia Divina F. , Filho Sidney Augusto Vieira , Knupp Vagner Fernandes , Alves Fernando Gomes P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe compounds 3‐oxofriedelane (1), 3β‐hydroxyfriedelane (2), 3,11‐dioxofriedelane (3), 3,16‐dioxofrie delane (4) and 3‐oxo‐12α‐hydroxyfriedelane (5) were isolated from the hexane extract of Maytenus gonoclada Mart. (Celastraceae) leaves. Structural formula and the stereochemistry of the new pentacyclic triterpene 3‐oxo‐12α‐hydroxyfriedelane (5) were established through 1H and 13C NMR and DEPT 135 spectral data including 2D experiments (HMBC, HMQC, COSY, and NOESY) and mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nodular‐type muscle sarcoidosis developing after a dog bite
Authors: Koide Y. , Ishihara H. , Kanda F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report a 46‐year‐old woman who experienced swelling of the right thigh around the wound caused by a dog bite. Physical findings, laboratory findings, imaging studies, and muscle biopsy showed that this was nodular‐type muscle sarcoidosis. This is an unusual case of sarcoidosis, and the possibility is discussed that a dog bite may serve as a trauma to trigger sarcoidosis in genetically predisposed individuals. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Multiscale aggregating discontinuities: A method for circumventing loss of material stability
Authors: Belytschko Ted , Loehnert Stefan , Song Jeong‐Hoon 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNew methods for the analysis of failure by multiscale methods that invoke unit cells to obtain the subscale response are described. These methods, called multiscale aggregating discontinuities, are based on the concept of ‘perforated’ unit cells, which exclude subdomains that are unstable, i.e. exhibit loss of material stability. Using this concept, it is possible to compute an equivalent discontinuity at the coarser scale, including both the direction of the discontinuity and the magnitude of the jump. These variables are then passed to the coarse‐scale model along with the stress in the unit cell. The discontinuity is injected at the coarser scale by the extended finite element method. Analysis of the procedure shows that the method is consistent in power and yields a bulk stress–strain response that is stable. Applications of this procedure to crack growth in heterogeneous materials are given. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.