bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tidal Conversion at a Submarine Ridge
Authors: Pétrélis François , Smith Stefan Llewellyn , Young W. R. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The radiative flux of internal wave energy (the “tidal conversion”) powered by the oscillating flow of a uniformly stratified fluid over a two-dimensional submarine ridge is computed using an integral-equation method. The problem is characterized by two nondimensional parameters, A and B. The first parameter, A, is the ridge half-width scaled by μh, where h is the uniform depth of the ocean far from the ridge and μ is the inverse slope of internal tidal rays (horizontal run over vertical rise). The second parameter, B, is the ridge height scaled by h. Two topographic profiles are considered: a triangular or tent-shaped ridge and a “polynomial” ridge with continuous topographic slope. For both profiles, complete coverage of the (A, B) parameter space is obtained by reducing the problem to an integral equation, which is then discretized and solved numerically. It is shown that in the supercritical regime (ray slopes steeper than topographic slopes) the radiated power increases monotonically with B and decreases monotonically with A. In the subcritical regime the radiated power has a complicated and nonmonotonic dependence on these parameters. As A → 0 recent results are recovered for the tidal conversion produced by a knife-edge barrier. It is shown analytically that the A → 0 limit is regular: if A ≪ 1 the reduction in tidal conversion below that at A = 0 is proportional to A2. Further, the knife-edge model is shown to be indicative of both conversion rates and the structure of the radiated wave field over a broad region of the supercritical parameter space. As A increases the topographic slopes become gentler, and at a certain value of A the ridge becomes “critical”; that is, there is a single point on the flanks at which the topographic slope is equal to the slope of an internal tidal beam. The conversion decreases continuously as A increases through this transition. Visualization of the disturbed buoyancy field shows prominent singular lines (tidal beams). In the case of a triangular ridge these beams originate at the crest of the triangle. In the case of a supercritical polynomial ridge, the beams originate at the shallowest point on the flank at which the topographic slope equals the ray slope.
Spatially Broad Observations of Internal Waves in the Upper Ocean at the Hawaiian Ridge
Authors: Martin Joseph P. , Rudnick Daniel L. , Pinkel Robert 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The density and current structure at the Hawaiian Ridge was observed using SeaSoar and Doppler sonar during a survey extending from Oahu to Brooks Banks. Across- and along-ridge changes in internal wave statistics in the upper ocean within 200 km of the ridge are investigated. Internal waves with trough-to-crest amplitude as large as 60 m and horizontal wavelength of about 50 km are observed repeatedly in across-ridge sections of potential density. Within 150 km of the ridge, kinetic and potential energy density exceed open-ocean values with maxima about 10 times Garrett–Munk levels. In the Kauai Channel (KC), the kinetic energy density is largest along an M2 internal tide ray. The ray originates at the northern edge of the ridge peak at a large across-ridge change in topographic slope and terminates at the ocean surface about 30–40 km south of the ridge peak. Kinetic and potential energy density are larger on the south side of the ridge at KC, the side with larger topographic slope. Energy density is also larger on the south side of the ridge at KC in numerical model results and on the side of steeper topographic slope in analytical model results. Along the ridge, the largest observed values of mean-square shear and mean-square slope of isopycnal depth are collocated with the largest energy density in numerical model results. Mean-square shear and mean-square slope increase with decreasing bottom depth and with increasing M2 barotropic tidal forcing.
Correction of the disease phenotype in canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency using ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy
Authors: Bauer Thomas R. , Hai Mehreen , Tuschong Laura M. , Burkholder Tanya H. , Gu Yu-chen , Sokolic Robert A. , Ferguson Cole , Dunbar Cynthia E. , Hickstein Dennis D. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCanine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CLAD) represents the canine counter-part of the human disease leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD). Defects in the leukocyte integrin CD18 adhesion molecule in both CLAD and LAD lead to recurrent, life-threatening bacterial infections. We evaluated ex vivo retroviral-mediated gene therapy in CLAD using 2 nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens—200 cGy total body irradiation (TBI) or 10 mg/kg busulfan—with or without posttransplantation immunosuppression. In 6 of 11 treated CLAD dogs, therapeutic levels of CD18+ leukocytes were achieved. Conditioning with either TBI or busulfan allowed long-term engraftment, and immunosuppression was not required for efficacy. The percentage of CD18+ leukocytes in the peripheral blood progressively increased over 6 to 8 months after infusion to levels ranging from 1.26% to 8.37% at 1-year follow-up in the 6 dogs. These levels resulted in reversal or moderation of the severe CLAD phenotype. Linear amplification–mediated polymerase chain reaction assays indicated polyclonality of insertion sites. These results describe ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell gene transfer in a disease-specific, large animal model using 2 clinically applicable conditioning regimens, and they provide support for the use of nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens in preclinical protocols of retroviral-mediated gene transfer for nonmalignant hematopoietic diseases such as LAD.
Emergence of antitumor cytolytic T cells is associated with maintenance of hematologic remission in children with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Montagna Daniela , Maccario Rita , Locatelli Franco , Montini Enrica , Pagani Sara , Bonetti Federico , Daudt Liane , Turin Ilaria , Lisini Daniela , Garavaglia Claudio , Dellabona Paolo , Casorati Giulia 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAlthough the graft-versus-leukemia effect of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is of paramount importance in the maintenance of disease remission, the role played by the autologous T-cell response in antitumor immune surveillance is less defined. We evaluated the emergence of antileukemia cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors (CTLp's) and the correlation of this phenomenon with maintenance of hematologic remission in 16 children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), treated with either chemotherapy alone (5 patients) or with autologous BMT (A-BMT, 11 patients). Antileukemia CTLp's were detectable in 8 patients in remission after induction chemotherapy; none of them subsequently had a relapse. Of the 8 patients who did not show detectable CTLp frequency while in remission after induction chemotherapy, 7 subsequently experienced leukemia relapse. In patients undergoing A-BMT, molecular fingerprinting of the TCR-Vβ repertoire, performed on antileukemia lines, demonstrated that selected antileukemia T-cell clonotypes, detectable in bone marrow before transplantation, survived ex vivo pharmacologic purging and were found in the recipient after A-BMT. These data provide evidence for an active role of autologous T cells in the maintenance of hematologic remission and also suggest that quantification of antileukemia CTLp frequency may be a useful tool to identify patients at high risk for relapse, thus potentially benefiting from an allogeneic antitumor effect.
Apoptosis and the activity of ceramide, Bax and Bcl-2 in the lungs of neonatal rats exposed to limited and prolonged hyperoxia
Authors: Husari Ahmad W , Dbaibo Ghassan S , Bitar Hala , Khayat Aline , Panjarian Shoghag , Nasser Michel , Bitar Fadi F , El-Sabban Marwan , Zaatari Ghazi , Mroueh Salman M 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study is to examine the effect of limited and prolonged hyperoxia on neonatal rat lung. This is done by examining the morphologic changes of apoptosis, the expression of ceramide, an important mediator of apoptosis, the expression of inflammatory mediators represented by IL-1β and the expression of 2 proto-oncogenes that appear to modulate apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2).

Methods
Newborn rats were placed in chambers containing room air or oxygen above 90% for 7 days. The rats were sacrificed at 3, 7 or 14 days and their lungs removed. Sections were fixed, subjected to TUNEL, Hoechst, and E-Cadherin Staining. Sections were also incubated with anti-Bcl-2 and anti-Bax antisera. Bcl-2 and Bax were quantitated by immunohistochemistry. Lipids were extracted, and ceramide measured through a modified diacylglycerol kinase assay. RT-PCR was utilized to assess IL-1β expression.

Results
TUNEL staining showed significant apoptosis in the hyperoxia-exposed lungs at 3 days only. Co-staining of the apoptotic cells with Hoechst, and E-Cadherin indicated that apoptotic cells were mainly epithelial cells. The expression of Bax and ceramide was significantly higher in the hyperoxia-exposed lungs at 3 and 14 days of age, but not at 7 days. Bcl-2 was significantly elevated in the hyperoxia-exposed lungs at 3 and 14 days. IL-1β expression was significantly increased at 14 days.

Conclusion
Exposure of neonatal rat lung to hyperoxia results in early apoptosis documented by TUNEL assay. The early rise in Bax and ceramide appears to overcome the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-2. Further exposure did not result in late apoptotic changes. This suggests that apoptotic response to hyperoxia is time sensitive. Prolonged hyperoxia results in acute lung injury and the shifting balance of ceramide, Bax and Bcl-2 may be related to the evolution of the inflammatory process.
Multiresistant-MRSA tricuspid valve infective endocarditis with ancient osteomyelitis locus
Authors: Chesi Giuseppe , Colli Andrea , Mestres Carlos A , Gambarati Gianpaolo , Boni Fabrizio , Gherli Tiziano 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with low susceptibility to glycopeptides is uncommon.

Case presentation
The case of a 50-year-old non-drug addict patient presenting with tricuspid valve infective endocarditis (IE) by MRSA resistant to vancomycin and linezolid is presented. There was response only to quinupristin/dalfopristin. He had a motorcycling accident four years before undergoing right above-the-knee amputation and orthopaedic fixation of the left limb. There were multiple episodes of left MRSA-osteomyelitis controlled after surgery and vancomycin therapy. MRSA isolated from the blood at the time of IE presented with the same profile than the isolated four years earlier. Sequential treatment with teicoplanin-cotrimoxazole and Linezolid associated to vancomycin – rifampicin – cotrimoxazole had no improvement. Infection was controlled after 28 days of therapy with quinupristin/dalfopristin.

Conclusion
The literature presents only a few cases of MRSA IE not susceptible to glycopeptides in not drug addicted patients. This case shows the comparison of a highly-resistant MRSA after previous S. aureus osteomyelitis treated with glycopeptides. This is the first description of successful treatment of resistant-MRSA IE of the tricuspid valve complicated by multiple pulmonary septic infarction with quinupristin/dalfopristin
Considerations for increasing the competences and capacities of the public health workforce: assessing the training needs of public health workers in Texas
Authors: Borders Stephen , Blakely Craig , Quiram Barbara , McLeroy Kenneth 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Over the last two decades, concern has been expressed about the readiness of the public health workforce to adequately address the scientific, technological, social, political and economic challenges facing the field. A 1988 report from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) served as a catalyst for the re-examination of the public health workforce. The IOM's call to increase the relevance of public health education and training prompted a renewed effort to identify competences needed by public health personnel and the organizations that employ them.

Methods
A recent evaluation sought to address the role of the 10 essential public health services in job services among the Texas public health workforce. Additionally, the evaluation examined the Texas public health workforce's need for training in the 10 essential public health services.

Results and conclusion
Overall, the level of perceived training needs varied dramatically by job category and health department type. When comparing aggregate training needs, public health workers with greater day-to-day contact (nurses, health educators) indicated a greater need for training than their peers who did not, such as those working in administrative positions. When prioritizing and designing future training modules regarding the 10 essential public health services, trainers should consider the effects of job function, location and contact with the public.
The Role of Mutant UDP-N-Acetyl-α-d-Galactosamine-Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 in Regulating Serum Intact Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Matrix Extracellular Phosphoglycoprotein in Heritable Tumoral Calcinosis
Authors: Garringer Holly J. , Fisher Corinne , Larsson Tobias E. , Davis Siobhan I. , Koller Daniel L. , Cullen Michael J. , Draman Mohamad S. , Conlon Niamh , Jain Alka , Fedarko Neal S. , Dasgupta Bhaskar , White Kenneth E. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Context: Familial tumoral calcinosis (TC) results from disruptions in phosphate metabolism and is characterized by high serum phosphate with normal or elevated 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin vitamin D concentrations and ectopic and vascular calcifications. Recessive loss-of-function mutations in UDP-N-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine-polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) result in TC.
Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between GALNT3 and FGF23 in familial TC.
Design, Setting, and Patients: We assessed the major biochemical defects and potential genes involved in patients with TC.
Intervention: Combination therapy consisted of the phosphate binder Sevelamer and the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide.
Results: We report a patient homozygous for a GALNT3 exon 1 deletion, which is predicted to truncate the encoded protein. This patient had high serum FGF23 concentrations when assessed with a C-terminal FGF23 ELISA but low-normal FGF23 levels when tested with an ELISA for intact FGF23 concentrations. Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein has been identified as a possible regulator of phosphate homeostasis. Serum matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein levels, however, were normal in the family with GALNT3-TC and a kindred with TC carrying the FGF23 S71G mutation. The tumoral masses of the patient with GALNT3-TC completely resolved after combination therapy.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that GALNT3 inactivation in patients with TC leads to inadequate production of biologically active FGF23 as the most likely cause of the hyperphosphatemic phenotype. Furthermore, combination therapy may be effective for reducing the tumoral burden associated with familial TC.
Molecular Dynamics Study on Transport Properties of Fluids
Authors: Tokiwano Kazuo , Arakawa Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A molecular dynamics “experiment” has been performed for a system of 216 molecules interacting through a modified Lennard-Jones-type potential. The velocity autocorrelation functions and associated self-diffusion coefficients were computed for varying degrees of the steepness of the repulsive part in the pair potential. The dependence of these quantities upon the hardness of the core, and then the applicability of a perturbation approach to the transport theory, was elucidated. The computed self-diffusion coefficients were compared with the prediction of the Rice-Allnatt theory.
Organopalladium(II) Complexes Derived from Chloro[4-[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethylamino]-3-penten-2-onato-O,N,P]palladium(II)
Authors: Hiraki Katsuma , Masumoto Toyohiko , Fuchita Yoshio , Zegi Yasushi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new tertiary phosphine containing α,β-unsaturated β-amino ketone, 4-[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethylamino]-3-penten-2-one (Hdpeap), reacts with sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) in the absence or presence of sodium ethoxide to give [PdCl2(Hdpeap)2] or [PdCl(dpeap)] [dpeap ≡ 4-[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethylamino]-3-penten-2-onatoO,N,P], respectively. The latter complex reacts with terminal acetylenes in the presence of catalytic amounts of copper(I) iodide to produce alkynyl complexes, [Pd(C≡CR)(dpeap)]. Carbanions derived from active methylene compounds, and sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate also react with [PdCl(dpeap)] to afford [Pd(CHYY′)(dpeap)] and [Pd(S2CNMe2)2], respectively.
Photoadducts of 2-Pyridones with Chloroethylenes and Their Derivatives
Authors: Somekawa Kenichi , Imai Ryusuke , Furukido Ryuichi , Kumamoto Sanetada 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Sensitized photoirradiations of 2-pyridones with tetrachloroethylene or trichloroethylene gave chlorinated 3-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-4-en-2-ones (1) and 2-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-4-en-3-ones (2 and 3), 7,7,8-trichloro-2-methyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-3-one (4), and other products. The reaction with 1,1-dichloroethylene, though, gave only 7,7-dichloro-3-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-4-en-2-one. 1, 2, 3, and 4 were reduced by zinc to give 7,8-dichloromethyl-3-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octa-4,7-dien-2-one, 2-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octa-4,7-dien-3-ones (7) and 6-chloro-2-methyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octa-5,7-dien-3-one respectively. Then, 7 thermally gave valence isomers, 7-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octa-2,4-dien-8-ones, which were β-lactams.
Adsorption of N-Dodecyl-β-alanine at the Air-Solution Interface with the Spread Monolayer of Lecithin or Dilaurin. I. Adsorption Isotherms
Authors: Tsutsui Takao , Tajima Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The applicability of the Gibbs adsorption isotherm was examined for the adsorption of N-dodecyl-β-alanine (NDA) at the air-solution interface with the spread monolayer of lecithin (DML) or dilaurin (DIL). In order to derive adsorption isotherms, the spread monolayer was treated energetically as a part of the adsorbed monolayer. The isotherms were derived for the following cases: (a) a nonideal mixing of the spread and adsorbed molecules and (b) a nonideal adsorption associated with a conformational change due to the complex formation between monolayer molecules. The isotherm derived for case (a) coincided with the observed isotherm of NDA adsorbed into the DIL monolayer, but deviated from the observed isotherm of NDA adsorbed into the DML monolayer. The DML–NDA isotherm was regarded as to be explained by the isotherm derived for case (b). Further, the applicability of the Pethica’s isotherm to the adsorption of NDA in both systems was examined.
Reactions of Perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene with Carboxylic Acids, Alcohols, and Some Cyclic Amides. A New Fluorinating Reagent
Authors: Yanagida Shozo , Noji Yukihiro , Okahara Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene (PMP) reacts with carboxylic acids, alcohols, and 2-pyridone, giving Michaeltype addition products, 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-acyloxypentane, 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-alkoxypentane, 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3 (2-pyridyloxy)pentane, respectively, in good yields. In the presence of bases, carboxylic acids give acid fluorides, 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-pentanone, and 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-3-acyloxy-2-pentene (4), the yields changing with base, solvent, phase-transfer catalyst, and their combination. In the presence of triethylamine, fluorination occurs exclusively, producing acid fluorides in good yields. Alcohols and 2-pyridone are converted into alkyl fluorides and 2-fluoropyridine, respectively, with use of triethylamine as a base with an aprotic solvent. The reactions of PMP with 4-pyridone and 6-chloro-2-ethyl-5-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidone were also examined. The fluorination reactions were rationalized by preferential replacement of the vinylic fluorine of PMP and a good leaving function of the perfluoro enol group of the intermediates such as 4.
Sulfonation of 4H-Cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene and Its Carbonyl Derivative
Authors: Yoshida Masaaki , Kobayashi Makoto , Minabe Masahiro , Suzuki Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The sulfonation of 4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene gave 1-sulfonic acid accompanied by formation of 2-, 3-, and 8-analogues. The reaction of 8,9-dihydro derivative with sulfuric acid in acetic anhydride yielded exclusively the 2-acid. Also, 4H-cyclopenta[def] phenanthren-4-one afforded the 8-acid as the main product, and 1- and 2-isomers as minor products. The formation of the keto 2-sulfonic acid would be controlled thermodynamically and that of the 8-isomer is controlled kinetically.
Photolysis of Organic Azides. VI. 1,4-Diacetoxy-2,3-diazidonaphthalene. Formation of Isoquinoline Structure from α,α′-Dicyano-o-xylylene
Authors: Yabe Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Transient absorbing in the 400–450 nm range was observed in the photolysis of 1,4-diacetoxy-2,3-diazidonaphthalene in rigid matrices at 77 K. The transient was assigned as α,α′-diacetoxv-α,α′-dicyano-o-xylylene by comparison with the low-temperature photolysis of the other precursors, 1,2-diacetoxy-1,2-dicyano-1,2-dihydrobenzocyclobutenes. The three o-xylylene stereoisomers showed differences in the longest-wavelength absorption maxima. Continued irradiation of the o-xylylenes converted them to 2-acetoxy-2-methyl[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]isoquinoline-5-carbonitrile as the result of the reaction of a cyano group with the o-xylylene system and the migration of an acetoxyl group. The rate of formation of the isoquinoline in rigid matrices depends on the viscosity of glassy solvents and the configuration of the intermediate o-xylylenes. The room-temperature photolysis of the diazide gave 2,3-diacetamido-1,4-naphthoquinone as the main product and compounds via the o-xylylene as minor products. A mechanism involving two competitive reactions is discussed.
The Mechanism of the Reactions of Alkoxy- and Aryloxytrimethylsilanes with Sulfinyl Chlorides. A Doubt about 4-Center Mechanism for the Bimolecular IVb–VIb Bond Cleavages
Authors: Kozuka Seizi , Higashino Tetsuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Kinetic studies have been conducted for the reactions of ethoxytrimethylsilane with benzenesulfinyl chloride and aryloxytrimethylsilane with methanesulfinyl chloride. Both the reactions were found to obey second order rate equation. A clear negative ρ value was observed for the reaction of aryloxytrimethylsilane. The solvent effects suggested that both the two reactions were quite similar in their mechanisms. Nucleophilic addition of silyloxygen atom to sulfinyl group has been suggested for these two reactions.
Catalysis of Metal(II) Acetate–2,2′-Bipyridine Complexes in the Aldol Condensations
Authors: Irie Kazuo , Watanabe Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate of the condensation of benzaldehyde with excess acetophenone catalyzed by Co(II) acetate-2,2′-bipyridine complex was obtained by GLC analysis. The rate increased in proportion as the amount of the complex catalyst. 2,2′-Bipyridine ligand in the Co(II) complex enhanced the catalytic activity remarkably, though the ligand itself had no activity. When the molar ratio of Co(II): bpy was 1 : 1 or 1 : 2, the highest activity was observed. The activation energy of the complex (1 : 1) catalyzed reaction was calculated as 13.7 kcal/mol. The catalysis of the complex behaved like a base catalyst. Briefly, the relation of the complex catalyzed aldol condensations with the enzymatic reaction of Class II aldolase is also described.