bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological oxidation of metallic copper by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Lilova K. , Karamanev D. , Flemming R.L. , Karamaneva T. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis is a report on the kinetic aspects and the analytical study of the bioproducts of the oxidation of zero‐valence copper by immobilized Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Two different mechanisms of oxidation were considered: direct and indirect. A custom‐built bioreactor was used to grow A. ferrooxidans in an iron‐free media, which was required for the study of the direct mechanism. X‐ray microdiffraction analysis of the copper after biooxidation in the sulfate‐free medium revealed the presence of the copper sulfate, piypite, K2Cu2O(SO4)2, which indicates biooxidation of Cu metal has occurred. It was shown that the direct oxidation exists, but it is relatively slow, as compared to the indirect mechanism. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 308–316. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of a three bacteria mixed culture in a chemostat: Evaluation and application of a quantitative terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) analysis for absolute and species specific cell enumeration
Authors: Schmidt Julia K. , König Brigitte , Reichl Udo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractGrowth dynamics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, and Staphylococcus aureus in a batch and chemostat, were investigated as a laboratory model system for persistent infections in cystic fibrosis. Most species‐specific enumeration methods for mixed cultures are laborious or only qualitative, and therefore impede generation of quantitative data required for validation of mathematical models. Here, a quantitative T‐RFLP method was evaluated and applied for specific and absolute cell number enumerations. The method was tested to be unbiased by quantitative sample composition and allowed reproducible enumerations of mixed cultures. For assay validation, samples of defined concentration containing one, two or three species were quantified. Logarithmically transformed absolute cell numbers of single‐species dilutions were linear within a lower working range of 104–106 cfu/mL (species‐dependent) and an upper working range of 1010 cfu/mL. Quantifications of single species (106–1010 cfu/mL) spiked with one or two other species agreed well with single species controls. Differences between slopes of first order linear regression of spiked and pure dilution series were insignificant. Coefficient of variation of defined mixed replicates was maximum 4.39%, of a three‐species chemostat it was maximum 1.76%. T‐RFLP monitoring of pure cultures in parallel shake flasks and of a three‐species mixed chemostat gave very consistent results. Coexistence of at least two species after a time period equivalent to more than 33 volume exchanges was found. This result was not predicted from pure cultures clearly indicating the need for quantitative mixed culture experiments to better understand microbial growth dynamics and for mathematical model validation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96:738–756. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Separation of genomic DNA, RNA, and open circular plasmid DNA from supercoiled plasmid DNA by combining denaturation, selective renaturation and aqueous two‐phase extraction
Authors: Frerix Andreas , Geilenkirchen Petra , Müller Markus , Kula Maria‐Regina , Hubbuch Jürgen 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn the current study we developed a process for the capture of pDNA exploiting the ability of aqueous two‐phase systems to differentiate between different forms of DNA. In these systems scpDNA exhibits a near quantitative partitioning in the salt‐rich bottom phase. The successive recovery from the salt rich bottom phase is accomplished by a novel membrane step. The polish operation to meet final purity demands is again based on a system exploiting a combination of the denaturation of the nucleic acids present, specific renaturation of scpDNA, and an ATP system able to differentiate between the renatured scpDNA and the denatured contaminants such as ocpDNA and genomic host DNA. This polish step thus allows a rapid and efficient separation of scpDNA from contaminating nucleic acids which up to date otherwise only can be accomplished with much more cumbersome chromatographic methods. In a benchmark comparison, it could be shown that the newly developed process exhibits a comparable yield to an industrial standard process while at the same time showing superior performance in terms of purity and process time. Additionally it could be shown that the developed polish procedure can be applied as a standalone module to support already existing processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96: 57–66. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The IE2 promoter/enhancer region from mouse CMV provides high levels of therapeutic protein expression in mammalian cells
Authors: Chatellard Philippe , Pankiewicz Renata , Meier Evelyne , Durrer Laurence , Sauvage Christophe , Imhof Markus O. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractProtein expression in mammalian cells is key for the production and manufacturing of bio‐therapeutics with human‐like properties and activities. As a molecular basis for reaching high protein expression levels, efficient promoter/enhancer systems are a prerequisite. Here we identify a novel enhancer from the mouse cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early 2 (IE2) region as a strong expression‐promoting element. We further demonstrate its activity in bi‐directional promoter architecture and apply it to generate production clones for IL‐18BP, a protein with therapeutic indications in autoimmune diseases. These data show that the IE region from mouse CMV, and the IE2 enhancer/promoter in particular, have a broad potential for application in novel gene expression systems for research, development, and manufacturing of protein drugs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96: 106–117. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accounting for the social dimension of sustainability: experiences from the biotechnology industry
Authors: von Geibler Justus , Liedtke Christa , Wallbaum Holger , Schaller Stephan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAccounting for the social dimension of sustainability proves to be a challenge for corporate practitioners, due to its intangible, qualitative nature and lack of consensus on relevant criteria. We suggest a semi‐quantitative approach based on stakeholder involvement to identify relevant aspects for a sector specific assessment of the social dimension. Our case study on biotechnology illustrates that the dialogue with internal and external stakeholders enabled the creation of a key performance indicator (KPI) set to account for social sustainability in the early design stages of biotechnological processes and product development. Indicators for eight aspects are identified for the social assessment: health and safety, quality of working conditions, impact on employment, education and training, knowledge management, innovation potential, customer acceptance and societal product benefit, and social dialogue. We describe the integration of the KPI set in a software application, tailor made for practitioners of the sector, and highlight first user experiences. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
CYP1A2 polymorphism (C > A at position −163) in Ovambos, Koreans and Mongolians
Authors: Fujihara Junko , Shiwaku Kuninori , Xue Yuing , Kataoka Kaori , Hieda Yoko , Takeshita Haruo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) plays an important role in metabolizing drugs and xenobiotics, and is a possible participant in the development of several human diseases. Recent studies have shown that genetic polymorphism of −163 C > A single nucleotide mutation of CYP1A2 increases the risk of myocardial infarction and modulates CYP1A2 activity. In this study, we investigated the frequency of the −163 C > A mutation in Ovambos (n = 177), Koreans (n = 250) and Mongolians (n = 153) and compared our results with other studies. Detection of this single nucleotide polymorphism was by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR‐RFLP). The frequencies of mutation (CYP1A2*−163A) in the Ovambos, Koreans and Mongolians were 0.46, 0.32 and 0.21, respectively. Ovambos showed a relatively higher frequency of mutation, similar to that of Tanzanians, while the Mongolians showed the lowest frequency of all study groups, including those from previous studies. This study is the first to investigate the distribution of the CYP1A2 (−163 C > A single nucleotide polymorphism) mutant allele in Ovambo, Korean and Mongolian populations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early 18F‐labeled fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography scanning in the lymphomas
Authors: Coleman Morton , Kostakoglu Lale 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe identification of refractory or nonresponding tumors at an early period during therapy may lead to abbreviation of the current therapy regimen or timely institution of an alternative therapy protocol. Nevertheless, evaluation of treatment response is consequential clinically if the tumor potentially is curable and if effective treatment alternatives exist, so that change in treatment ultimately may increase the probability of response and survival. Hodgkin disease (HD) and diffuse large cell lymphoma (LCL) fit in this model well. However, a subset of patients is either refractory to first‐line treatment or develops recurrent disease after an initial remission. Improvements in the treatment of these diseases rely not only on new therapy modalities and accurate assessment of disease extent but also on the assessment of disease extent and on timely and accurate therapy response to enable a more effective management plan. Although the International Prognostic Score for HD and International Prognostic Index for LCL have proved valuable for the stratification of patients in clinical trials, there is variability in outcome within the individual risk groups. Recently, positron emission tomography using 18F‐labeled fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG‐PET) imaging has been suggested as a sensitive and relatively more specific means to reflect tumor biologic changes after therapy. With increasingly compelling evidence, early FDG‐PET provides a reliable means to assess tumor response accurately that may lead to better management with an effective therapeutic approach. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Electronic Phase Separation in Correlated Oxides: The Phenomenon, Its Present Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Shenoy Vijay B. , Sarma D. D. , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMany transition metal oxide materials of high chemical purity are not necessarily monophasic. Thus, single crystals of chemically pure rare earth manganites and cobaltates of the general formula Ln1−xAxMO3 (Ln=rare earth metal, A=alkaline earth metal, M=Mn, Co) exhibit the phenomenon of electronic phase separation wherein “phases” of different electronic and magnetic properties coexist. Such phase separation, the length scale of which can vary anywhere between a few nanometers to microns, gives distinct signatures in X‐ray and neutron diffraction patterns, electrical and magnetic properties, as well as in NMR and other spectroscopies. While the probe one employs to investigate electronic phase separation depends on the length scale, it is noteworthy that direct imaging of the inhomogeneities has been accomplished. Some understanding of this phenomenon has been possible on the basis of some of the theoretical models, but we are far from unraveling the varied aspects of this new phenomenon. Herein, we present the highlights of experimental techniques and theoretical approaches, and comment on the future outlook for this fascinating phenomenon.
The effects of knowledge and attitudes upon Greeks' pro‐environmental purchasing behaviour
Authors: Tilikidou Irene 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis article presents an examination of pro‐environmental purchasing behaviour (PPB) and how it is influenced by demographics, environmental knowledge (a factor rather neglected so far) and attitudes (environmental unconcern). PPB was found to be adopted at a rather low level; less than 20% of Greeks may be characterized as relatively frequent pro‐environmental purchasers. The higher scores were obtained with reference to energy and water conservation, reduction of overall consumption and avoidance of products containing genetically modified organisms. The consumers also declared they very often choose the eco‐friendly alternative of a product when there is no significant price difference. The results indicated that professionals, 35–55 years old, holding a graduate and/or a postgraduate degree and with an annual income of 25–30 thousand Euros are those who are more engaged in PPB in Greece. PPB was found to be correlated positively and moderately with environmental knowledge and negatively and moderately with environmental unconcern. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Expression and potential role of dentin phosphophoryn (DPP) in mouse embryonic tissues involved in epithelial–mesenchymal interactions and branching morphogenesis
Authors: Alvares Keith , Kanwar Yashpal S. , Veis Arthur 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is synthesized in both mesenchyme and epithelium at varying stages of tooth development. At the tooth cap stage, corresponding to embryonic day (E) 13.5 of mouse embryonic life, the phosphophoryn (DPP) portion of DSPP was immunohistochemically localized to the enamel organ with intense staining of oral ectoderm but no expression in dental follicle mesenchyme. Surprisingly, DPP was also expressed in ureteric bud branches of embryonic metanephric kidney and alveolar epithelial buds of developing lung. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis verified the presence of DSPP mRNA with identical sequences in the tooth, lung, and kidney. The DSPP−/− mouse with ablated DPP expression in the teeth, also exhibited aberrant organogenesis in kidney and lung. In the kidney, malformed metanephric S‐shaped bodies and increased mesenchymal apoptosis were observed. Inclusion of anti‐DPP antibodies in organ culture of metanephroi, harvested from E13.5 wild‐type mice, likewise resulted in altered ureteric bud morphogenesis, suggesting a role for DPP in epithelial–mesenchymal interactions in meristic tissues during embryonic development. Developmental Dynamics 235:2980–2990, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Racial attitudes in response to thoughts of white privilege
Authors: Branscombe Nyla R. , Schmitt Michael T. , Schiffhauer Kristin 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThinking about the benefits gained from a privileged group membership can threaten social identity and evoke justification of the existing status difference between the ingroup and a disadvantaged group. For White Americans, racial privilege may be justified by concurring with modern racist attitudes. In Experiment 1, White Americans randomly assigned to think about White privilege expressed greater modern racism compared to those assigned to think about White disadvantage or a race‐irrelevant topic. In Experiment 2, we found that increased racism in response to thoughts of White privilege was limited to those who highly identified with their racial category. In contrast, when White racial identification was sufficiently low, thoughts of White privilege reliably reduced modern racism. We discuss the implications of these findings for the meaning of modern racism and prejudice reduction. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological treatments for persistent pain: An introduction
Authors: Kerns Robert D. , Thorn Beverly E. , Dixon Kim E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPsychological treatments for persistent pain have been demonstrated to be effective alternatives or adjuncts to more traditional methods for promoting optimal pain management. The primary goal of this issue is to provide the clinician with updated information on the state of the art of a variety of psychological treatments for persistent pain. Specifically emphasized are important issues that add to the complexity of effective pain management and practical recommendations for clinicians to use in enhancing the outcomes of these various treatment approaches. This introductory article provides a brief review of the empirical literature supporting the utility of psychological treatments for persistent pain, describes the content of this issue, and highlights several of the common themes highlighted by our panel of expert contributors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1327–1331, 2006.
Sensitive inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assay for the determination of platinum originating from cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin in human plasma ultrafiltrate
Authors: Brouwers E. E. M. , Tibben M. M. , Rosing H. , Hillebrand M. J. X. , Joerger M. , Schellens J. H. M. , Beijnen J. H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe present a highly sensitive, rapid method for the determination of platinum originating from the anticancer agents cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin in human plasma ultrafiltrate. The method is based on the quantification of platinum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and allows quantification of 7.50 ng l−1 platinum in only 150 µl of matrix. Sample pretreatment involves dilution of samples with 1% HNO3. Validation fulfilled the most recent FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. Validated ranges of quantification were 7.50 ng l−1 to 1.00 × 105 ng l−1 in plasma ultrafiltrate for all three platinum compounds. The assay is now successfully used to support pharmacokinetic studies in cancer patients treated with cisplatin, carboplatin, or oxaliplatin. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Financial engineering of the integration of global supply chain networks and social networks with risk management
Authors: Cruz Jose M. , Nagurney Anna , Wakolbinger Tina 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on the financial engineering of integrated global supply chain networks and social networks. Through a multilevel, dynamic supernetwork framework consisting of the global supply chain network with electronic commerce and the social network, we capture the multicriteria decision‐making behavior of the various decision‐makers (manufacturers, retailers, and consumers), which includes the maximization of profit, the maximization of relationship values, and the minimization of risk. Relationship levels in our framework are assumed to influence transaction costs as well as risk and to have value for the decision‐makers. We explore the dynamic co‐evolution of the global product transactions, the associated product prices, and the relationship levels on the supernetwork until an equilibrium pattern is achieved. The pricing mechanism guarantees that optimality for each decision‐maker is achieved in the financially engineered multitiered, multilevel supernetwork. We provide some qualitative properties of the dynamic trajectories, under suitable assumptions, and propose a discrete‐time algorithm, which yields explicit closed form expressions at each iteration for the tracking of the evolution of the global product transactions, relationship levels, and prices until an equilibrium is attained. We illustrate the model and computational procedure with several numerical examples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
The global modal parameterization for non‐linear model‐order reduction in flexible multibody dynamics
Authors: Brüls Olivier , Duysinx Pierre , Golinval Jean‐Claude 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn flexible multibody dynamics, advanced modelling methods lead to high‐order non‐linear differential‐algebraic equations (DAEs). The development of model reduction techniques is motivated by control design problems, for which compact ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in closed‐form are desirable. In a linear framework, reduction techniques classically rely on a projection of the dynamics onto a linear subspace. In flexible multibody dynamics, we propose to project the dynamics onto a submanifold of the configuration space, which allows to eliminate the non‐linear holonomic constraints and to preserve the Lagrangian structure. The construction of this submanifold follows from the definition of a global modal parameterization (GMP): the motion of the assembled mechanism is described in terms of rigid and flexible modes, which are configuration‐dependent. The numerical reduction procedure is presented, and an approximation strategy is also implemented in order to build a closed‐form expression of the reduced model in the configuration space. Numerical and experimental results illustrate the relevance of this approach. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
β‐Lactam‐Antibiotika als Neuroprotektoren
Authors: Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMit dem Terminus β‐Lactame verbindet man ausschließlich Antibiotika, die Bakterien abtöten und somit Infektionen bekämpfen. Kürzlich wurde über eine ganz andere Eigenschaft der β‐Lactame berichtet, nämlich über ihre Fähigkeit, mit dem Glutamat‐Stoffwechsel zu interferieren und zur Therapie der amyotrophen Lateralsklerose, kurz ALS genannt, und anderer neurologischen Funktionsstörungen wie Schlaganfällen, Epilepsie oder Hirntumoren eingesetzt werden zu können.
Combining RTI and psychoeducational assessment: What we must assume to do otherwise
Authors: Wodrich David L. , Spencer Marsha L.S. , Daley Kelly B. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA; 2004) permitted lack of students' response to intervention (RTI) to be considered as a basis for documenting specific learning disabilities (SLD). The previous method of detecting SLD, which relied on IQ and achievement testing, consequently is no longer mandatory. Accordingly, proposals for the abandonment of IQ, and perhaps all standardized psychoeducational assessment, have arisen. In this article, it is proposed that the joint use of RTI and psychoeducational testing is indispensable when school‐based evaluations concern SLD eligibility. The singular use of either RTI or psychoeducational testing requires adoption of several implicit and apparently untenable assumptions. Those assumptions are made explicit in this article, and each is examined. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 797–806, 2006.