bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of antibodies against Coccidioides immitis in healthy horses
Authors: Higgins Jill C. , Leith Gayle S. , Voss Ed D. , Pappagianis Demosthenes 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the seroprevalence of antibodies againstCoccidioides immitisin healthy horses residing in an area in which the organism is endemic.Design—Prospective study.Animals—197 healthy horses (in which coccidioidomycosis had not been previously diagnosed) that resided in an area of Arizona in which coccidioidomycosis is endemic.Procedure—Of the horses evaluated at the Arizona Equine Medical and Surgical Center during a 6-month period, 197 with no clinical signs of coccidioidomycosis were randomly selected for inclusion in the study; sera were evaluated for IgM and IgG antibodies againstC immitisvia an immunodiffusion assay (IgGpositive samples were assessed quantitatively). Within 6 months, recheck titer evaluations were attempted for all seropositive horses.Results—Serum antibodies againstC immitiswere detected in 8 of 197 horses (seroprevalence, 4.06%). Results of serologic assays were positive for IgG antibodies and negative for IgM antibodies in 7 horses and positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies in 1 horse; reciprocal serum IgG antibody titers were low (none > 8). Follow-up serologic data were obtained from 5 horses; compared with initial findings, horses had become seronegative or titers were unchanged or decreased. Duration of residence in the area was significantly shorter for seropositive horses than for seronegative horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Serum antibodies againstC immitismay rarely be detected in healthy horses residing in an area in which the disease is endemic; any horse with a detectable serum antibody titer should be reevaluated after an interval of at least 3 weeks. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1888–1892)
Evaluation of ameroid ring constrictors for treatment for single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs: 168 cases (1995–2001)
Authors: Mehl Margo L. , Kyles Andrew E. , Hardie Elizabeth M. , Kass Philip H. , Adin Christopher A. , Flynn Alison K. , De Cock Hilde E. , Gregory Clare R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To evaluate use of an ameroid ring constrictor (ARC) for treatment for single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (PSSs) and identify factors associated with postoperative death, continued portosystemic shunting, and long-term outcome in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—168 dogs with a single extrahepatic PSS.Procedure—Medical records of dogs that had a single extrahepatic PSS and were treated with an ARC were reviewed. Signalment, history, clinical signs, results of preoperative blood analyses and portal pressure measurements, PSS location, ARC size, postoperative complications, and postoperative scintigraphy results were recorded. Owners were interviewed 6 months to 6 years after surgery.Results—Postoperative complications developed in 10% of dogs. Postoperative mortality rate was 7.1%. Predictive factors for postoperative death included high preoperative WBC count and postoperative complications. Twenty-one percent of dogs in which portal scintigraphy was performed 6 to 10 weeks after surgery had continued shunting. Predictive factors for persistent shunting included low preoperative plasma albumin concentration, high portal pressure after complete occlusion, and high portal pressure difference (postocclusion minus baseline). Clinical outcome in 108 dogs was classified as excellent (80%), good (14%), or poor (6%). Predictive factors for excellent long-term clinical outcome included high preoperative plasma albumin concentration, low preoperative leukocytosis, low portal pressure after complete occlusion, absence of postoperative seizures, and absence of continued shunting.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of an ARC for treatment for a single extrahepatic PSS resulted in low morbidity and mortality rates. Certain preoperative factors were associated with increased risk of postoperative death, continued portosystemic shunting, and long-term outcome. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226: 2020–2030)
Evaluation of the efficacy of disinfectant footbaths as used in veterinary hospitals
Authors: Morley Paul S. , Morris S. Nanea , Hyatt Doreene R. , Van Metre David C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate efficacy of 2 disinfectants as used in footbaths in veterinary hospitals for reducing bacterial contamination of footwear.Design—Prospective study.Sample Population—Bacteria collected from the soles of rubber boots after experimental contamination and exposure to disinfectant solutions or control conditions.Procedures—Investigators contaminated boots by walking through soiled straw animal bedding. Swab samples were collected from the sole of 1 boot (right or left) without treatment. The other boot was briefly immersed in a disinfectant solution (either a quaternary ammonium compound [QAC] or a peroxygen compound) or water, and samples were collected after 7 minutes. Differences associated with the experimental treatments were analyzed statistically. Veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) in the United States and Canada were contacted to obtain information about the use of footbaths.Results—Mean bacterial concentrations from peroxygen-treated boots were 67% to 78% lower, compared with samples taken from untreated boots. In contrast, there were no statistically detectable differences in mean bacterial concentrations in samples taken from QAC- or water-treated boots, compared with control boots. Disinfectant footbaths were reportedly used in 30 of 31 VTHs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Disinfectant solution containing peroxygen applied in a footbath reduced bacterial concentrations on rubber boots under conditions representative of those found in VTHs. Footbaths are commonly used as a method to control infectious diseases in veterinary hospitals. Disinfectant footbaths should not be expected to sterilize footwear, but they may help in reducing the risk for nosocomial infection when used with effective disinfectants. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:2053–2058)
Efficacy of a collar impregnated with amitraz and pyriproxyfen for prevention of experimental tick infestations by Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes ricinus, and Ixodes scapularis in dogs
Authors: Estrada-Peña Agustin , Rème Christophe 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare the efficacy of collars impregnated with 9% amitraz or 9% amitraz and 0.5% pyriproxyfen (PPF) for control of newly established tick infestations byRhipicephalus sanguineus,Ixodes ricinus, andIxodes scapularisin dogs and determine whether egg production by surviving female ticks was decreased.Design—Prospective study.Animals—72 dogs.Procedure—Dogs were fitted with 1 of 3 test collars impregnated with amitraz, amitraz and PPF, or only excipients (untreated controls). In 3 trials corresponding to each of the 3 tick species, dogs were infested with 150 unfed adult ticks on days 8, 10, 13, and 18. The number of feeding female ticks was recorded on days 10, 13, 18, and 28. Surviving females were weighed and permitted to oviposit under controlled conditions.Results—Collars impregnated with amitraz and PPF decreased tick loads as efficiently as collars containing amitraz alone. Inclusion of PPF into the collar did not significantly decrease the efficacy of amitraz. The few female ticks that survived after feeding on dogs treated with collars containing PPF were unable to oviposit.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Collars impregnated with amitraz were efficient in preventing tick infestations in dogs but did not inhibit oviposition in the few surviving female ticks. Incorporation of PPF into the amitraz-impregnated collar resulted in impairment of the reproductive ability of ticks. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:221–224)
Influence of lifetime food restriction on causes, time, and predictors of death in dogs
Authors: Lawler Dennis F. , Evans Richard H. , Larson Brian T. , Spitznagel Edward L. , Ellersieck Mark R. , Kealy Richard D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe effects of lifetime food restriction on causes of death and the association between body-mass characteristics and time of death in dogs.Design—Paired-feeding study.Animals—48 dogs from 7 litters.Procedures—Dogs were paired, and 1 dog in each pair was fed 25% less food than its pair mate from 8 weeks of age until death. Numerous morphometric and physiologic measures were obtained at various intervals throughout life. Associations of feeding group to time and causes of death were evaluated, along with important associated factors such as body composition components and insulin-glucose responses.Results—Median life span was significantly longer for the group that was fed 25% less food, whereas causes of death were generally similar between the 2 feeding groups. High body-fat mass and declining lean mass significantly predicted death 1 year prior to death, and lean body composition was associated with metabolic responses that appeared to be integrally involved in health and longevity.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results were similar to results of diet restriction studies in rodents and primates, reflecting delayed death from species- and strain-specific intrinsic causes. Clinicians should be aware that unplanned body mass changes during mid- and later life of dogs may indicate the need for thorough clinical evaluation. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:225–231)
Effect of surgical technique on limb function after surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs
Authors: Conzemius Michael G. , Evans Richard B. , Besancon M. Faulkner , Gordon Wanda J. , Horstman Christopher L. , Hoefle William D. , Nieves Mary Ann , Wagner Stanley D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the outcome and effect of surgical technique on limb function after surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (RCCL) and injury to the medial meniscus in Labrador Retrievers.Study Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—131 Labrador Retrievers with unilateral RCCL and injury to the medial meniscus and 17 clinically normal Labrador Retrievers.Procedure—Affected dogs had partial or complete medial meniscectomy and lateral suture stabilization (LSS), intracapsular stabilization (ICS), or tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). Limb function was measured before surgery and 2 and 6 months after surgery. Treated dogs were evaluated to determine the probability that they could be differentiated from clinically normal dogs and tested to determine the likelihood that they achieved improvement.Results—No difference was found between LSS or TPLO groups, but dogs treated with ICS had significantly lower ground reaction forces at 2 and 6 months. Compared with clinically normal dogs only, 14.9% of LSS-, 15% of ICS-, and 10.9% of TPLO-treated dogs had normal limb function. Improvement was seen in only 15% of dogs treated via ICS, 34% treated via TPLO, and 40% treated via LSS.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Surgical technique can influence limb function after surgery. Labrador Retrievers treated via LSS, ICS, or TPLO for repair for of RCCL and medial meniscal injury managed with partial or complete meniscectomy infrequently achieve normal function. Results of LSS and TPLO are similar and superior to ICS. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:232–236)
Immunologic responses to West Nile virus in vaccinated and clinically affected horses
Authors: Davidson Ann H. , Traub-Dargatz Josie L. , Rodeheaver Racquel M. , Ostlund Eileen N. , Pedersen Douglas D. , Moorhead Ron G. , Stricklin Joe B. , Dewell Renee D. , Roach Susan D. , Long Rachel E. , Albers Sara J. , Callan Robert J. , Salman M. D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare neutralizing antibody response between horses vaccinated against West Nile virus (WNV) and horses that survived naturally occurring infection.Design—Cross-sectional observational study.Animals—187 horses vaccinated with a killed WNV vaccine and 37 horses with confirmed clinical WNV infection.Procedure—Serum was collected from vaccinated horses prior to and 4 to 6 weeks after completion of an initial vaccination series (2 doses) and 5 to 7 months later. Serum was collected from affected horses 4 to 6 weeks after laboratory diagnosis of infection and 5 to 7 months after the first sample was obtained. The IgM capture ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and microtiter virus neutralization test were used.Results—All affected horses had PRNT titers ≥ 1:100 at 4 to 6 weeks after onset of disease, and 90% (18/20) maintained this titer for 5 to 7 months. After the second vaccination, 67% of vaccinated horses had PRNT titers ≥ 1:100 and 14% had titers < 1:10. Five to 7 months later, 33% (28/84) of vaccinated horses had PRNT titers ≥ 1:100, whereas 29% (24/84) had titers < 1:10. Vaccinated and clinically affected horses' end point titers had decreased by 5 to 7 months after vaccination.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A portion of horses vaccinated against WNV may respond poorly. Vaccination every 6 months may be indicated in certain horses and in areas of high vector activity. Other preventative methods such as mosquito control are warranted to prevent WNV infection in horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:240–245)
Economic costs associated with two testing strategies for screening feeder calves for persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Larson Robert L. , Miller Robert B. , Kleiboeker Steve B. , Miller Margaret A. , White Brad J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop partial budgets of the economic costs of 2 test strategies for screening cattle for persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV).Design—Partial budget analysis.Animals—938 calves arriving at 2 stocker operations.Procedure—Calves were tested to determine prevalence of persistent BVDV infection. Test strategies that were evaluated included a single-test strategy consisting of immunohistochemical staining of skin biopsy specimens from all animals and a 2-test strategy consisting of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assaying of pooled blood samples followed by immunohistochemical staining of skin biopsy specimens from animals in pools for which assay results were positive. Breakeven costs (ie, cost of persistent BVDV infection per animal necessary to justify whole-herd diagnostic testing) associated with each test strategy were calculated as a function of disease prevalence and test cost.Results—Apparent prevalence of persistent BVDV infection was 0.32%. Sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay for pooled samples were 100% and 89.7%, respectively. Regardless of the prevalence of persistent BVDV infection, the break-even cost for the 2-test strategy was lower than the break-even cost for the single-test strategy. However, the economic advantage was greatest when prevalence was low.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that using a 2-test strategy to screen cattle for persistent BVDV infection, whereby the first test involves PCR assaying of pooled samples and the second involves immunohistochemical testing only of those animals represented in pooled samples with positive assay results, will reduce the cost of screening incoming feedlot cattle, compared with immunohistochemical testing of all animals. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:249–254)
Evaluation of a point-of-care blood analyzer and determination of reference ranges for blood parameters in rockfish
Authors: Harrenstien Lisa A. , Tornquist Susan J. , Miller-Morgan Timothy J. , Fodness Brian G. , Clifford Kevin E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare values of blood parameters in rockfish obtained by use of a point-of-care portable blood analyzer with values determined by a veterinary diagnostic laboratory, calculate reference ranges for various blood parameters in black rockfish, and compare values of blood parameters in clinically normal fish with those of fish with clinical abnormalities.Design—Prospective study.Animals—41 captive adult black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) and 4 captive adult blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus).Procedure—Rockfish were anesthetized with tricaine methanesulfonate for collection of blood samples. Heparinized blood samples were immediately analyzed with a point-of-care analyzer. Blood sodium, potassium, chloride, urea nitrogen, and glucose concentrations; Hct; pH; partial pressure of carbon dioxide; total carbon dioxide concentration; bicarbonate concentration; base excess; and hemoglobin concentration were determined. A microhematocrit technique was used to determine PCV, and a refractometer was used to estimate total plasma protein concentration. Paired heparinized blood samples were transported to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory for analyses.Results—Data obtained with the point-of-care analyzer were reproducible; however, values for most blood parameters were significantly different from those obtained by the veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Fish with poor body condition had several blood parameter values that were lower than corresponding values in clinically normal fish.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Point-of-care blood analyses may prove useful in rockfish. Point-of-care data for a large number of clinically normal fish must be obtained for reference ranges to be calculated, and further assessments of clinically abnormal fish are necessary to determine the relevance of the data. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:255–265)
Control of urine marking by use of long-term treatment with fluoxetine or clomipramine in cats
Authors: Hart Benjamin L. , Cliff Kelly D. , Tynes Valarie V. , Bergman Laurie 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether clomipramine differs from fluoxetine in reducing feline urine marking; whether reduction of marking continues in cats treated > 8 weeks; whether recurrence of marking, after abrupt drug withdrawal, is less in cats treated > 8 weeks; and whether cats that are successfully treated but resume marking after drug withdrawal can be successfully treated again with the same drug regimen.Design—Positive-controlled, double-masked clinical trial.Animals—22 neutered cats (2 females, 20 males) ≥ 1 year old with objectionable urine marking.Procedure—Cats that marked vertically ≥ 3 times/wk were treated with fluoxetine (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb], q 24 h, PO) or clomipramine (0.5 mg/kg [0.23 mg/lb], q 24 h, PO) for 16 weeks, and efficacy was compared. Recurrence of marking was determined after abrupt withdrawal of fluoxetine at 16 or 32 weeks. Reduction in marking in cats treated with fluoxetine for 8 weeks after returning to marking following drug withdrawal was compared with the initial 8 weeks of successful treatment.Results—Efficacy of fluoxetine and clomipramine was similar. Treatment > 8 weeks revealed increasing efficacy in reduction of marking. Return of marking after termination of fluoxetine administration occurred in most cats. Cats successfully treated initially with fluoxetine responded similarly to repeated treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Clomipramine and fluoxetine were equivalent in treating urine marking. Longer treatment increased efficacy. Most cats return to marking after abrupt drug withdrawal. A second course of treatment can be expected to be as effective as the first. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226: 378–382)
Prevalence and radiologic and histologic appearance of vesicourachal diverticula in dogs without clinical signs of urinary tract disease
Authors: Groesslinger Karin , Tham Tanja , Egerbacher Monika , Lorinson Dragan 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine prevalence and radiologic
and histologic appearance of vesicourachal diverticula
in dogs without clinical signs of urinary tract disease.

Design—Original study.

Animals—50 dogs between 4 months and 17 years
old representing 22 breeds that had been euthanatized
for unrelated reasons; none of the dogs had a
history or clinical signs of urinary tract disease.

Procedure—Retrograde positive-contrast radiography
was performed, and radiographs were examined for
macroscopic diverticula. Necropsy specimens from
the urinary bladder vertex were examined by means
of light microscopy for diverticula and signs of inflammation.

Results—17 of the 50 (34%) dogs had vesicourachal
diverticula, and 1 additional dog had a urachal cyst.
Fifteen of the 17 diverticula were macroscopic; surface
area of the diverticulum could be measured radiographically
in 13 of these dogs and ranged from 1 to
90 mm2. The remaining 2 diverticula were microscopic.
Sixteen diverticula were intramural and 1 was
extramural. Light microscopic signs of bladder wall
inflammation could be detected in 5 dogs, 4 of which
had macroscopic diverticula.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that a high percentage of dogs without clinical
signs of urinary tract disease may have vesicourethral
diverticula. Further studies are needed to determine
the clinical relevance of vesicourethral diverticula in
dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;226:383–386)
Estimates of prevalence of hip dysplasia in Golden Retrievers and Rottweilers and the influence of bias on published prevalence figures
Authors: Paster Erin R. , LaFond Elizabeth , Biery Darryl N. , Iriye Alisa , Gregor Thomas P. , Shofer Frances S. , Smith Gail K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To estimate prevalence of canine hip dysplasia (CHD) in Golden Retrievers and Rottweilers and identify sources of bias in published reports.Design—Prospective study.Animals—200 clinically normal Golden Retrievers and 140 clinically normal Rottweilers between 24 and 60 months of age referred for hip evaluation (group 1) and 93 clinically normal dogs evaluated for Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) hip certification (group 2).Procedure—Hip-extended pelvic radiographs from group 1 dogs were screened for CHD. Radiographs were evaluated twice; the first interpretation used an OFA-type subjective 7-point scoring system, and the second included the caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte as an additional sign of degenerative joint disease. The OFA submission rate of group 2 dogs was determined from the number of official reports returned from the OFA.Results—Prevalence of CHD in Golden Retrievers ranged from 53% to 73% and in Rottweilers ranged from 41% to 69%. Among dogs referred for OFA evaluation, radiographs from 49 (53%) were submitted to OFA. Of submitted radiographs, 45 (92%) were normal; of radiographs not submitted, 22 (50%) were normal. Radiographs with normal-appearing hips were 8.2 times as likely to be submitted to the OFA. Compared with Golden Retrievers, Rottweiler radiographs were significantly more likely to be submitted for OFA certification.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prevalence of CHD in these 2 breeds may be much higher than previously reported in the United States. Results suggest substantial bias in the OFA database, which causes lower estimates of prevalence of CHD. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:387–392)