bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of deslorelin acetate on gonadotropin secretion and ovarian follicle development in cycling mares
Authors: Farquhar Valerie J. , McCue Patrick M. , Nett Terry M. , Squires Edward L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate gonadotropin secretion and ovarian function after administration of deslorelin acetate to induce ovulation in mares.Design—Randomized controlled trial.Animals—16 healthy mares with normal estrous cycles.Procedure—8 control mares were allowed to ovulate spontaneously, whereas 8 study mares received deslorelin to induce ovulation when an ovarian follicle > 35 mm in diameter was detected. Follicle development and serum concentrations of gonadotropins were monitored daily during 1 estrous cycle. Pituitary responsiveness to administration of gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) was evaluated 10 days after initial ovulation.Results—Interovulatory intervals of mares treated with deslorelin (mean ± SD, 25.6 ± 2.6 days) were longer than those of control mares (22.9 ± 1.8 days). Diameter of the largest follicle was significantly smaller during 2 days of the diestrous period after ovulation in deslorelin-treated mares than in control mares. Concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were lower in deslorelin-treated mares on days 5 through 14 than in control mares. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone were not different between groups during most of the cycle. Gonadotropin release in response to administration of GnRH was lower in mares treated with deslorelin acetate than in control mares.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of deslorelin was associated with reduction in circulating concentrations of FSH and gonadotropin response to administration of GnRH during the estrous cycle. Low concentration of FSH in treated mares may lead to delayed follicular development and an increased interovulatory interval. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:749–752)
Sensitivity and specificity of serum copper determination for detection of copper deficiency in feeder calves
Authors: Tessman Ronald K. , Lakritz Jeff , Tyler Jeff W. , Casteel Stan W. , Williams James E. , Dew Randy K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the relationship between serum and liver copper concentrations and evaluate serum copper determination for diagnosis of copper deficiency in juvenile beef calves.Design—Cross-sectional study.Animals—105 juvenile beef calves.Procedure—Copper concentrations were measured in paired liver and serum samples from 6- to 9-monthold beef calves. Regression models that predicted liver copper concentration as a function of serum copper concentration were developed. Sensitivity and specificity of serum copper concentration for detection of low liver copper concentration were determined, using a range of serum copper concentrations as test endpoints. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated.Results—The association between serum and liver copper concentrations was significant; however, regression models accounted for only a small portion of the variation in liver copper concentrations. For a serum copper concentration endpoint of 0.45 µg/g, sensitivity and specificity for detection of low liver copper concentration were 0.53 and 0.89, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values of serum copper concentration for detection of low liver copper concentration ranged from 0.37 to 0.85 and 0.63 to 0.94, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Regression models are inappropriate for predicting copper status as a function of serum copper concentration. Serum copper concentration is fairly specific for detection of low liver copper concentration but only marginally sensitive when serum copper concentration of 0.45 µg/g is used as a test endpoint. The value of serum copper concentration as a diagnostic indicator depends on prevalence of copper deficiency. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:756–760)
Repair of diaphyseal femoral fractures in cats using interlocking intramedullary nails: 12 cases (1996–2000)
Authors: Larin Alvaro , Eich Christopher S. , Parker Robert B. , Stubbs W. Preston 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the outcome of femoral fractures repaired with 4.0- and 4.7-mm interlocking intramedullary nails in cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—12 cats with diaphyseal femoral fractures.Procedure—Records of all cats in which the 4.0- and 4.7-mm interlocking nail system was used for repair of diaphyseal femoral fractures at the Animal Medical Center and Florida Veterinary Specialists between 1996 and 2000 were reviewed. Information included signalment, type of fracture, size of the implant, details of the surgery, intra- and postoperative complications, fracture healing, and clinical outcome.Results—Femoral fractures in 12 cats were repaired. Eleven of the fractures were comminuted, with 2 of these being open. Clinical outcome was excellent in 7 cats, good in 3, and fair in 1. One resulted in a nonunion. Complications included screw breakage (1 cat) and fracture distal to the nail (1). Fracture distal to the nail occurred from a second trauma.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Use of the interlocking nail has been limited in cats because of the small diameter of the medullary canal. Use of the 4.0-mm nail will allow for greater application of this implant in small patients. Results of this study indicate that the 4.0- and 4.7-mm interlocking nails can be used to repair simple or comminuted diaphyseal femoral fractures in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1098–1104)
Inflammatory mammary carcinoma in dogs: 33 cases (1995–1999)
Authors: Alenza Mª Dolores Pérez , Tabanera Enrique , Peña Laura 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine epidemiologic, clinical, and
pathologic characteristics of inflammatory mammary
carcinoma (IC) in dogs.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—33 dogs with IC and 153 dogs with malignant
mammary tumors other than IC.

Procedures—Medical records were reviewed, and
signalment, history, physical examination findings,
and results of thoracic radiography and necropsy
were obtained.

Results—33 of 436 (7.6%) dogs examined at a veterinary
teaching hospital because of dysplasia or tumors
of the mammary glands and 33 of 186 (17.7%) dogs
with at least 1 malignant tumor had IC. Thirty-two of
the 33 dogs were sexually intact. Dogs with IC were
significantly older than were dogs with other malignant
mammary tumors, and in dogs with IC, the
tumor was initially noticed a mean of 52 days after the
beginning of the last observed estrus, whereas in
dogs with other mammary tumors, the tumor was initially
noticed a mean of 137 days after the beginning
of the last observed estrus. Dogs with IC were more
likely to be anorectic and to have generalized weakness,
weight loss, and thoracic metastases. Dogs
with IC survived a mean of 25 days with palliative
treatment. Histologically, involvement of dermal lymphatic
vessels was identified in 14 of 19 (74%) dogs
with IC. Two clinical forms of IC (primary and secondary)
were identified. Dogs with primary IC had a
worse clinical condition.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that IC is an uncommon but distinct entity in
dogs. A histologic finding of dermal lymphatic involvement
should be considered a hallmark for the pathologic
diagnosis of IC in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2001;219:1110–1114)
Treatment of chronic pleural effusion with pleuroperitoneal shunts in dogs: 14 cases (1985–1999)
Authors: Smeak Daniel D. , Birchard Stephen J. , McLoughlin Mary A. , Lindsey Michelle M. , Holt David E. , Caywood Dennis D. , Downs Myron O. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To describe complications and outcome associated with chronic nonseptic pleural effusion treated with pleuroperitoneal shunts in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—14 dogs.Procedure—Medical records at 4 veterinary schools were examined to identify dogs with chronic nonseptic pleural effusion that were treated by use of a pleuroperitoneal shunt between 1985 and 1999. Signalment, history, physical examination and laboratory findings, cause and type of pleural effusion, medical and surgical treatments, complications, and outcome were reviewed.Results—10 of 14 dogs had idiopathic chylothorax, and 4 had an identified disease. All but 1 dog with idiopathic chylothorax and 1 dog with chylothorax from a heart base tumor had unsuccessful thoracic duct ligation prior to pump placement. No intraoperative complications developed during shunt placement. Short-term complications developed in 7 of 13 dogs, necessitating shunt removal in 2 dogs and euthanasia in 1. Eight of 11 dogs with long-term follow- up developed complications; the overall mean survival time and the interval in which dogs remained free of clinical signs of pleural effusion were 27 months (range, 1 to 108 months) and 20 months (range, 0.5 to 108 months), respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pleuroperitoneal shunts can effectively palliate clinical signs associated with intractable pleural effusion in dogs. Numerous short- and long-term complications related to the shunt should be expected. Most complications can be successfully managed, but even when shunts are functional some treatments fail because of severe abdominal distension or massive pleural fluid production that overwhelms the functional capacity of the shunt. (JAm Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1590–1597)
Efficacy of an amitraz-impregnated collar in preventing transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi by adult Ixodes scapularis to dogs
Authors: Elfassy Olivier J. , Goodman Forrest W. , Levy Steven A. , Carter Lori L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether an amitraz-impregnated collar could prevent transmission ofBorrelia burgdorferibyIxodes scapularisto dogs.Design—Laboratory trial.Animals—8 specific-pathogen-free Beagles.Procedure—On days –15 and –1, all dogs had negative ELISA results for serum antibodies againstB burgdorferi. On day 0, 4 dogs were each fitted with an amitraz-impregnated (9%) collar, and 4 dogs served as untreated controls. On day 7, all dogs were infested with 100I scapularis(approx 50 females and 50 males) with a knownB burgdorferiinfectivity rate of 39.4%. On days 21, 28, 35, 42, 56, 70, and 84, each dog was tested for serum antibodies againstB burgdorferivia ELISA and a western blot technique. Additional ELISA were also performed for serum antibodies against antigenically similar organisms.Results—By day 70, all control dogs had developed serum ELISA responses ranging from 328 to 510 kinetics-ELISA units (equivalent to end-point titers of approx 43,500 to 60,000), whereas treated dogs remained seronegative throughout the study. Western blot assays performed on all serum samples confirmed that antibodies detected in control dogs reflected responses to specific antigens ofB burgdorferi, whereas treated dogs had no such antibodies. Additional serologic analyses confirmed that antibody responses observed in control dogs were not attributable to antigenically similar organisms.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Amitrazimpregnated collars prevented transmission ofB burgdorferiin 4 of 4 treated dogs and may be a useful management tool for prevention of borreliosis in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:185–189)
Clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and ultrasonographic characteristics of intestinal lymphangiectasia in dogs: 17 cases (1996–1998)
Authors: Kull Patricia A. , Hess Rebecka S. , Craig Linden E. , Saunders H. Mark , Washabau Robert J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To characterize the clinical, clinicopathologic, and imaging findings in dogs with intestinal lymphangiectasia and to compare the histologic grade of lymphangiectasia with clinicopathologic and imaging abnormalities.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—17 dogs with a histologic diagnosis of intestinal lymphangiectasia.Procedure—Medical records of dogs with a histologic diagnosis of intestinal lymphangiectasia were reviewed for signalment, history, clinical signs, results of exploratory laparotomy, and clinicopathologic, radiographic, ultrasonographic, and histologic findings.Results—Mean age of dogs was 8.3 years; the most common clinical signs were diarrhea, anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, and weight loss. Abnormal physical examination findings included dehydration, ascites, and signs of pain on palpation of the abdomen. The most notable clinicopathologic findings were low serum ionized calcium concentration and hypoalbuminemia. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed in 12 dogs and revealed intestinal abnormalities in 8 dogs and peritoneal effusion in 7 dogs. Exploratory laparotomy revealed abnormalities in 9 of 16 dogs including thickened small intestine, dilated lacteals, lymphadenopathy, and adhesions. On histologic examination of the small intestine, concurrent inflammation was observed in 15 of 17 dogs, crypt ectasia in 5 of 17, and lipogranulomas in 2 of 17.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intestinal lymphangiectasia in dogs appears to be a heterogeneous disorder characterized by various degrees of panhypoproteinemia, hypocholesterolemia, lymphocytopenia, and imaging abnormalities. In most dogs, the severity of hypoalbuminemia appears to offer the best correlation with severity of histologic lesions of lymphangiectasia. Imaging abnormalities are common in dogs with intestinal lymphangiectasia but are not specific enough to differentiate this disorder from other gastrointestinal disorders, nor are they predictive of histologic severity. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:197–202)
Serum immunoglobulin G concentrations in calves fed fresh and frozen colostrum
Authors: Holloway Nicole M. , Tyler Jeff W. , Lakritz Jeff , Carlson Steven L. , Holle Julie 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether serum IgG concentrations in neonatal calves are adversely affected by short-term frozen storage of colostrum.Design—Prospective study.Sample Population—Experiment 1 consisted of 10 pairs of Holstein calves (n = 20) fed matched aliquots of either fresh (n = 10) or frozen and thawed (10) colostrum. In experiment 2, 26 Holstein calves were fed either fresh (n = 13) or frozen and thawed (n = 13) colostrum.Procedure—Experiment 1 consisted of calves resulting from observed parturitions; calves were randomly assigned to treatment groups (fresh or frozen and thawed colostrum) in pairs. Calves were fed 4 L aliquots of colostrum via oroesophageal intubation at 3 hours of age. Serum IgG concentrations at 2 days of age were compared between the 2 groups by use of a pairedt-test. Experiment 2 consisted of calves resulting from observed parturitions; calves were randomly assigned to treatment groups (fresh or frozen and thawed colostrum). Calves were fed 4 L aliquots of colostrum via oroesophageal intubation at 3 hours of age. Regression analysis was used to determine whether calf serum IgG concentration was a function of colostral IgG concentration and colostrum storage group.Results—Significant differences were not observed between the 2 groups in experiment 1. No significant relationship was observed between colostrum storage group and serum IgG concentration in experiment 2. The model that best predicted serum IgG concentrations accounted for 20% of the variability in serum IgG concentration.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Frozen colostrum is an adequate source of IgG for calves. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:357–359)
Risk factors and behaviors associated with separation anxiety in dogs
Authors: Flannigan Gerrard , Dodman Nicholas H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives—To determine potential risk factors and behaviors associated with separation anxiety and develop a practical index to help in the diagnosis of separation anxiety in dogs.Design—Case-control study.Animals—200 dogs with separation anxiety and 200 control dogs with other behavior problems.Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history of behavior problems, home environment, management, potentially associated behaviors, and concurrent problems.Results—Dogs from a home with a single adult human were approximately 2.5 times as likely to have separation anxiety as dogs from multiple owner homes, and sexually intact dogs were a third as likely to have separation anxiety as neutered dogs. Several factors associated with hyperattachment to the owner were significantly associated with separation anxiety. Spoiling activities, sex of the dog, and the presence of other pets in the home were not associated with separation anxiety.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results do not support the theory that early separation from the dam leads to future development of separation anxiety. Hyperattachment to the owner was significantly associated with separation anxiety; extreme following of the owner, departure cue anxiety, and excessive greeting may help clinicians distinguish between canine separation anxiety and other separation-related problems. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219: 460–466)
Plasma ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations in horses after endurance rides
Authors: Aguilera-Tejero Escolástico , Estepa José C. , López Ignacio , Bas Sonia , Garfia Bartolomé , Rodríguez Mariano 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate changes in plasma ionized calcium (Ca2+) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in horses competing in endurance rides.Design—Longitudinal clinical study.Animals—28 horses.Procedure—Venous blood samples were obtained from horses before and after racing 80 km. Plasma pH and concentrations of Ca2+, PTH, inorganic phosphorus, albumin, lactate, and magnesium were measured.Results—Overall, a significant decrease in mean (± SD) plasma Ca2+concentration (from 6.44 ± 0.42 to 5.64 ± 0.42 mg/dl) and a significant increase in plasma PTH concentration (from 49.9 ± 30.1 to 148.1 ± 183.0 pg/ml) were found after exercise. Exercise also resulted in significant increases in plasma inorganic phosphorus, albumin, and lactate concentrations. No changes in plasma magnesium concentration or pH were detected after exercise. Plasma PTH concentration was not increased after exercise in 8 horses; in these horses, plasma PTH concentration decreased from 58.2 ± 26.3 to 27.4 ± 22.4 pg/ml, although plasma Ca2+concentration was also decreased.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Plasma Ca2+concentration was decreased after racing for 80 km, compared with values obtained before racing. In most horses, an increase in plasma PTH concentration that was commensurate with the decrease in plasma Ca2+was detected; however, some horses had decreased plasma PTH concentrations. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:488–490)
Vertebral scale system to measure heart size in growing puppies
Authors: Sleeper Margaret M. , Buchanan James W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine relative heart size in clinically normal puppies and assess whether relative heart size changes with growth.Design—Prospective radiographic study.Animals—11 puppies without evidence of disease.Procedure—Standardized measurements of the long and short axes of the heart, midthoracic vertebrae, and other structures were made at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months of age. Measurements were recorded in millimeters and number of thoracic vertebral lengths spanned by each dimension, measured caudally from T4 on lateral radiographic views. The long and short axis measurements of the heart, expressed in vertebral lengths, were added to yield vertebral heart size.Results—Mean ± SD vertebral heart sizes on lateral radiographic views at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months of age were 10.0 ± 0.5, 9.8 ± 0.4, 9.9 ± 0.6, and 10.3 ± 0.6 vertebrae, respectively. Significant differences were not detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Vertebral heart size measurements in puppies are within the reference range for adult dogs (9.7 ± 0.5 vertebrae) and do not change significantly with growth to 3 years of age. Standards for determining cardiac enlargement are similar in puppies and adult dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:57–59)
Solving return-to-sensibility problems after electrical stunning in commercial pork slaughter plants
Authors: Grandin Temple 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine causes and solutions for return-to-sensibility problems after electrical stunning in pigs.Design—Case studies.Sample Population—6 federally inspected pork slaughter plants.Procedure—100 to 200 pigs were scored in each plant for stunner positioning, squealing when stunner was applied, and signs of insensibility. All pigs were held in a V-shaped restrainer conveyor and stunned with a manually applied head-to-body electrical stunner.Results—Percentage of pigs that had blinking after stunning ranged from 0.5 to 7. None of the pigs had a righting reflex or kicked in response to stimuli. All signs of possible return to sensibility disappeared before bleeding pigs reached the scalding tub. Spontaneous eye blinking was eliminated by improving bleeding practices to increase blood flow, ergonomically redesigning the stunner operator's work station to make correct placement of the stunner easier, redesigning the head electrode to facilitate correct placement, reducing line speed from 1,200 to 1,080 head/h, correcting problems with poor initial contact of the stunner, and increasing amperage of a stunner that was set too low for sows. In 1 plant, a fatigued operator was the cause of stunner placement mistakes that resulted in signs of returning to sensibility.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Problems with electrical stunning can be easily corrected, but effective stunning requires monitoring of correct electrode placement, amperage, and bleeding procedures. Observation of spontaneous natural eye blinking without touching the eye is recommended for use under field conditions, because it is less prone to misinterpretation than are other methods. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:608–611)
Risk factors associated with development of postoperative ileus in horses
Authors: Roussel Allen J. , Cohen Noah D. , Hooper R. Neil , Rakestraw Peter C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine risk factors associated with development of postoperative ileus in horses undergoing surgery for colic.Design—Case-control studyAnimals—69 horses that developed ileus after surgery for colic and 307 horses that did not develop postoperative ileus.Procedure—Signalment, history, clinicopathologic data, treatment, lesions, and outcome were obtained from medical records.Results—Variables associated with increased risk of postoperative ileus included age > 10 years, Arabian breed, PCV ≥ 45%, high serum concentrations of protein and albumin, anesthesia > 2.5 hours' duration, surgery > 2 hours' duration, resection and anastomosis, and lesions in the small intestine. Enterotomy reduced the risk of postoperative ileus. After multivariate logistic regression, the final model included the variables Arabian breed, PCV ≥ 45%, lesion type, duration of surgery (> 2 hours vs ≤ 2 hours), and pelvic flexure enterotomy.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that by evaluating certain factors, horses at increased risk of postoperative ileus may be recognized before the condition develops. Preventative treatment and early intervention may be instituted in these horses. Shortening surgery time and performing an enterotomy may decrease the probability of horses developing postoperative ileus. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:72–78)