bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do the early social environment and persistent peripartum depressive symptoms shape toddlers' expressive language?
Authors: Tu Hsing‐Fen , Forssman Linda , Fransson Emma , Skalkidou Alkistis 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundExtensive research suggests that peripartum depression is a risk factor for children's early language development. Yet, previous research on this association shows mixed results, often lacking information on the persistence of depression and the social context. This population‐based cohort study addresses this gap by investigating the longitudinal influence of peripartum depressive symptoms on toddlers' expressive language. Specifically, we systematically examined the influences of timing, severity, and persistence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the first 6 months postpartum on child expressive language development, while accounting for important social and environmental factors.MethodsThis study is part of a prospective, population‐based investigation conducted within the follow‐up Uppsala Birth Cohort study in Uppsala, Sweden. The final analysis included 2176 mother‐infant dyads (1122 boys, mean age = 18.3 months, SD = 0.7). Perinatal depressive symptoms were assessed at gestational weeks 17 and 32 and at postpartum six weeks and six months, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (cut‐off >12). At 6 months postpartum, mothers were also invited to fill out the Postnatal Bonding Difficulty Questionnaire. At 18 months postpartum, mothers completed the Language Development Survey, which assessed expressive vocabulary and word combinations. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to examine the associations between peripartum depressive symptoms and child language development. Adjusted models incorporated background and social context variables to account for potential confounding factors.ResultsDepressive symptoms during prenatal and postnatal periods were not significantly associated with language outcomes. Our final model identified negative associations with second‐born status, family history of late talkers, countryside residence, and maternal age at childbirth. Positive correlations were found for sex (girl) and pregnancy length. The final model explained 8.4% of the variance (F(22, 1566) = 6.525, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we found that persistent depressive symptoms were not significantly related to language outcomes (Kruskal‐Wallis test: H = 2.227, df = 2, p = 0.21).ConclusionsOur findings found no negative link between peripartum depressive symptoms and expressive language in toddlers, even after considering timing, severity, and persistence. While no immediate direct negative influence of peripartum depressive symptoms was observed, the long‐term cumulative effects later in life remain unclear.
Distribution analysis of structural properties of native porcine humerus–rotator cuff–scapular complex using universal testing machine
Authors: Takahashi Tsuneari , Sasanuma Hideyuki , Takeshita Katsushi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an original mechanical testing setup including the humerus, myotendinous junction and scapula designed to assess the structural properties of rotator cuff attachments in large animals and determine optimal conditions.MethodsEight domestic pigs (age, 4–6 months; weight, 30–52 kg) without genetic modifications were euthanized under intubated general anaesthesia control. The scapula–supraspinatus tendon complex with the humerus was excised as a single unit. A device was developed on a universal testing machine to pull in the direction of the tendon's path. After preconditioning at 5 N for 30 s, the composite was stretched to failure at 50 mm/min, and the failure mode was observed. The normality of each structural property was evaluated using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Student's t test or the Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to compare whether the structural properties vary in failure modes.ResultsNine shoulders (56%) ruptured at the humeral attachment; in the remaining seven, the tendon was pulled out from the scapula, leading to rupture. The maximum load and elongation at failure showed normality, whereas the yield load and linear stiffness did not show normality. The mean (standard deviation) maximum load and elongation at failure were 346.4 (99.2) N and 43.1 (12.2) mm, respectively. The median (first and third quartiles) yield load and linear stiffness were 81.2 (63.0, 121.6) N and 15.8 (14.8, 17.5) N/mm, respectively.ConclusionThis mechanical testing system is useful for evaluating the structural properties of porcine rotator cuff attachments and should be additionally evaluated by cyclic testing.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Changes in riverine dissolved organic matter caused by gypsum‐induced flocculation
Authors: Elovaara Samu , Zhao Lingbin , Asmala Eero , Kaartokallio Hermanni , Thomas David N. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) is increasingly used to bind P to soil on agricultural fields, which mitigates eutrophication caused by runoff of excess PO43− fertilizers into adjacent aquatic environments. Gypsum also binds dissolved organic matter (DOM) to soil particles. Gypsum that gets into fresh water after field applications may result in enhanced particle formation by DOM flocculation and alter C transfer in rivers draining agricultural catchments. We tested the potential effects of gypsum additions on DOM cycling by adding concentrated gypsum solution into river water before subjecting it to controlled mixing to increase particle collisions and flocculation. Gypsum addition increased the amount of suspended particulate matter in river water three to four times higher than in controls without gypsum. The flocs contained a relatively high amount of minerogenic particles. Gypsum‐induced flocculation removed colored dissolved organic matter which, together with removal of minerogenic particles, may result in increased water clarity. Gypsum addition and the associated changes in the DOM pool did not affect microbial growth or DOM processing, suggesting that flocculation did not target the labile fraction of the DOM pool. While acknowledging that the responses detected in our study might depend on the region, we propose that the changes in riverine DOM cycling caused by gypsum application results in either no changes or slightly positive changes to the water quality of the rivers and should not be considered an obstacle for eutrophication prevention using gypsum applications.
Independent Sets of Random Trees and Sparse Random Graphs
Authors: Heilman Steven 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAn independent set of size in a finite undirected graph is a set of vertices of the graph, no two of which are connected by an edge. Let be the number of independent sets of size in the graph and let . In 1987, Alavi, Malde, Schwenk, and Erdős asked if the independent set sequence of a tree is unimodal (the sequence goes up and then down). This problem is still open. In 2006, Levit and Mandrescu showed that the last third of the independent set sequence of a tree is decreasing. We show that the first 46.8% of the independent set sequence of a random tree is increasing with (exponentially) high probability as the number of vertices goes to infinity. So, the question of Alavi, Malde, Schwenk, and Erdős is “four‐fifths true,” with high probability. We also show unimodality of the independent set sequence of Erdős–Rényi random graphs, when the expected degree of a single vertex is large (with [exponentially] high probability as the number of vertices in the graph goes to infinity, except for a small region near the mode). A weaker result is shown for random regular graphs. The structure of independent sets of size as varies is of interest in probability, statistical physics, combinatorics, and computer science.
Stroke mimicを呈した低カリウム血症性ミオパチーの1例(Hypokalemic myopathy which mimicked a stroke: A case report)
Authors: 成人 石川 , 慶多 髙橋 , 広幸 竹内 
Published: February 2025

要旨　急性期脳梗塞は画像診断と治療の進歩により迅速な診断と治療が可能となっているが，脳卒中症状を呈する症例の中には，脳血管障害以外の疾患が原因となっている場合がある。今回，stroke mimicを呈した低カリウム血症性ミオパチーの症例を経験したので報告する。症例は75歳の男性，左上下肢を有意とした筋力低下により体動困難となったため救急搬送された。搬送時，脳卒中が疑われたがmagnetic resonance imaging（MRI）では脳梗塞像は認めず，著明な低カリウム血症（血中カリウム濃度1.6mEq/L）とcreatine kinase（CK）の上昇（CK 328U/L）を認め，低カリウム血症性のミオパチーによる筋力低下が疑われた。入院後，右上下肢の筋力低下も増悪し，嚥下障害を来して誤嚥・窒息により気管挿管，人工呼吸器管理を要した。その後，カリウム補正とともに速やかに筋力低下は改善した。ホルモン検査を含めた各種検査に異常はなく，低カリウム血症性ミオパチーと診断した。通常，低カリウム血症性ミオパチーは左右対称性に発症するが，稀に本症例のような非対称の症状を来す場合や，時間差をおいて症状が出現することがある。Stroke mimicを呈する場合は低カリウム血症を含めた電解質異常も鑑別が必要であり，治療開始後も臨床症状の経時的変化に注意することが重要である。
寒冷曝露によりアナフィラキシーショックを呈した1例(A case of anaphylactic shock caused by cold exposure)
Authors: 駿 石川 , 賢彦 海田 , 佑也 田中 , 剛二 落合 , 芳裕 山口 
Published: February 2025

要旨　寒冷曝露によるアナフィラキシーの報告は稀有であり，今回冷気への曝露および冷水の飲水を契機にアナフィラキシーショックを呈した症例を経験したので報告する。症例は20歳代の女性，小児期に寒冷蕁麻疹と診断されたが内服はしていなかった。午前11時頃外気温は23℃であったが布団から出てすぐに喉の違和感，呼吸苦，全身の掻痒感を自覚した。その後冷蔵庫に入っていた冷水を飲んだ直後に眼瞼浮腫，耳閉塞感を自覚し自ら救急要請し当院に搬送された。来院時皮膚・粘膜症状，呼吸器症状に加えて収縮期血圧が60mmHgであり，アナフィラキシーショックと診断しアドレナリンおよび抗ヒスタミン薬，ステロイドを投与し2相性反応のリスクを考慮し，経過観察目的に集中治療室へ入室とした。その後は症状の再燃なく眼瞼浮腫，口唇浮腫に関しても徐々に改善を認めたため翌日に退院とした。退院後は当院皮膚科外来に通院しアドレナリン自己注射薬の所持および抗ヒスタミン薬を内服し，経過観察されている。本症例は，アナフィラキシーを呈する他の誘因がなく，温かい布団からの離床と冷水を飲んだ直後より発症しているため寒冷曝露によりアナフィラキシーショックに至ったと考えられた。入院後も眼瞼，口唇浮腫が残存していたのは，点滴を加温せずに使用したことが影響していた可能性があった。原因が判然としないアナフィラキシーの誘因として寒冷暴露の可能性を念頭においておく必要がある。
山岳・海難救助事案における救助ヘリコプターの傷病者搬送プロトコル化による医療機関直接搬送の効果：単施設後ろ向き観察研究(Effectiveness of direct transport to hospitals by rescue helicopters in mountain and marine casualty rescue cases with protocols for patient transport: A single–center, retrospective observational study)
Authors: 主基 出内 , 敬一朗 山川 , 世奈 三島 , 勝一朗 山口 , 夏生 上村 , 忠幸 本多 , 慶 西山 
Published: February 2025

要旨【目的】傷病者を救助ヘリコプターで搬送する際のプロトコルを確立することによる，山岳・海難救助事案における医療機関への直接搬送の有効性を単施設後ろ向き観察研究で検証した。【対象】2012年10月31日から2023年12月31日までに新潟県消防防災航空隊・新潟県警察航空隊によりヘリコプターで救助され，新潟県東部ドクターヘリ運航管理室に情報提供された56例を対象とした。プロトコル運用前9例，運用後25例が解析対象となった。【結果】プロトコル運用前にドクターヘリが現場直近のランデブーポイントで接触した患者では，救助完了から病院到着までは37 [IQR; 20 – 51] 分を要したが，プロトコル実施後に救助ヘリコプターで基地病院へ直接搬送した患者では10 [9 – 15] 分（p < 0.01）であった。救助完了から医師接触までの時間は，プロトコル実施前は11 [7 – 15] 分であったが，プロトコル実施後は10 [9 – 15.5] 分（p = 0.51）であった。【結語】救助ヘリコプターで医療機関へ直接搬送するプロトコルの導入は，医師接触時間を遅延させることなく病院到着時間を大幅に短縮し，ドクターヘリが対応困難な山岳・海難救助事案において有効であった。
Preparing students to work with Spanish‐speaking populations
Authors: Vázquez Maylee , Reyes Ana Guadalupe , Garcia Mia , Parker Morgan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the following qualitative study, researchers explored the impact of a culturally and linguistically responsive counseling course in Spanish and its impact on participants (N = 3) at a Historically Black College and University counseling program. The course aimed to prepare students to work with Spanish‐speaking populations. The researchers identified three themes that reflected counselors’ training experiences during the course.
CEO Servant Leadership and Organizational Profitability: A Social Exchange Perspective
Authors: Kim Kyoung Yong , Liden Robert C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTServant leaders emphasize serving others before themselves. Emerging evidence indicates that servant leadership results in a variety of positive outcomes, including favorable job attitudes and enhanced job performance. Extending this line of research, we examine how and when CEO servant leadership benefits the organizational bottom line (e.g., organizational profitability). Drawing upon multisource data from 102 organizations, our ordinary least squares regression analyses reveal that CEO servant leadership is associated with workforce obligation, subsequently leading to enhanced organizational profitability, particularly when workforce exchange ideology is high. The findings suggest that workforce obligation serves as an important mediating mechanism, while workforce exchange ideology acts as a critical boundary condition for the performance effect of CEO servant leadership. This research provides new insights as to how and why servant leadership relates to organizational financial performance.
Every‐other‐day iron supplementation in male veterans with iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Mellen Chadwick K. , Nguyen Emily Q. , Rindone Joseph P. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is prevalent in the male veteran population and requires iron replacement. Current data on alternate‐day dosing for oral iron supplementation in IDA has focused on younger women.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of every‐other‐day (EOD) iron supplementation compared to daily dosing in men with IDA.MethodThis was a retrospective chart review which included American male veterans, aged 18 years or older, who had been diagnosed with IDA. To be included, patients required a haemoglobin (Hb) value >7 g/dL (70 g/L) but <13 g/dL (130 g/L) prior to initiation of oral ferrous sulfate and completed at least 60 days of oral ferrous sulfate therapy between January 2017–July 2021. The primary objective was to evaluate the change in Hb lab values after at least 60 days of oral ferrous sulfate 325 mg regardless of dosage regimen (twice daily [BID], daily [QD], or EOD). The secondary objectives were to evaluate changes in haematocrit, ferritin, iron saturation, and iron levels. In addition, we evaluated the rate of gastrointestinal adverse events for the previously listed dosing of ferrous sulfate. This project was exempt due to the local policy requirements that constitute research by the Southern Arizona VA Health Care System Institutional Review Board (11 February 2022, Vice Chair). The justification for this exemption was as follows: the study only included data and analysis involving the use of identifiable health information for the purposes of research. The data collection and use of the data was covered under Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and for which a waiver of HIPPA authorisation was approved.ResultsEighteen patients were randomly selected for each dosing group. An increase in Hb (± standard deviation) of 16 g/L ± 13 in the EOD dosing, 17 g/L ± 17 in the QD group, and 21 g/L ± 22 in the BID group. There was no statistical difference in change in Hb when the EOD group was compared to the QD or BID groups. There were also no statistical differences noted in the change of haematocrit, ferritin, iron level, or iron saturation between groups. The discontinuation rate in the EOD group was lower than those of the QD or BID groups (5.6%, 11.2%, and 11.7% respectively), though they were not statistically different.ConclusionsEOD dosing was comparable in efficacy to daily dosing in older men with IDA.
Regional Variability in Compressive Strength of the Cartilaginous Nasal Septum: Implications for Fracture Patterns
Authors: Feng Max , Punjabi Nihal , Inman Jared C. 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionSeptal trauma is caused by compressive forces. Defining regional variability in compressive strength (CS) may reveal areas of weakness in the septum that are more prone to fracture. The objective of this study is to determine the CS at multiple locations within the cartilaginous septum and assess if variations in strength correlate with known patterns of septal fracture.MethodsNineteen nasal septal quadrangular cartilages were dissected from fresh human anatomic specimens. Septa were divided into 11 sections using known anatomical and relative points. Each septum was cut into multiple 5 mm × 5 mm boxes, and the CS was measured using a force gauge.ResultsThe CS of the anterior septal point (ASP) was 0.072 MPa, keystone area 0.132 MPa, anterior nasal spine (ANS) 0.182 MPa, and posterior septal point (PSP) 0.204 MPa. The highest mean CS was located at the PSP (0.204 MPa). The lowest value was located at the ASP (0.072 MPa). The greatest regional difference in CS was found at the transition between the caudal L‐strut and the ASP (0.09 MPa; 63%), the transition between the posterior caudal septum and the PSP (0.07 MPa, 42%), and the transition between mid‐septal body and the ANS (0.06 MPa, 39%).ConclusionThere is high regional variability in CS at multiple locations within the cartilaginous septum. Septal fractures often occur between areas where there is a high regional difference in CS. This data may help inform choice of optimal donor and recipient site when considering grafting of the nasal septum.Level of evidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 2025
Expanding the Paediatric Urology Peer Review Pipeline: A Novel Panel and Facilitated Peer Mentorship Program
Authors: Ernst Michael , Jaeger Christopher , Nelson Caleb P. , Tanaka Stacy , Regala Jennifer , Ching Christina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe modern peer review process relies on review by independent experts; however, it is threatened by time constraints and increasing review demands placed on a limited number of involved individuals. To expand the pool of reviewers in paediatric urology, a joint effort was undertaken by the Journal of Urology and Journal of Paediatric Urology via a mentorship program occurring at the 2022 Paediatric Urology Fall Congress. The objective was to increase participants' knowledge and comfort with the review process. Our experience could serve as a pilot for other academic groups looking to expand their peer review pool. Overall, 39 individuals attended the program. An increase in comfort with performing a journal review was noted by 14/23 respondents (61%), with an average increase of 1.2 points on a 10‐point Likert scale. The average rating of satisfaction with the journal review program on a 10‐point scale was 9.7, with 77% (23/30) rating the program 10/10. When asked for specific elements of the program that participants particularly liked, the most common responses were networking with senior mentors in a small group setting and the panel discussion led by editors describing specifics of what they are looking for in a review. Previous programs with goals similar to ours have required more long‐term commitment from both mentors and mentees in developing their skills as peer reviewers. Our program benefited from a short‐term commitment at a large national conference. Long term results will need to be collected moving forward. However, initial feedback was positive and participants describe increased comfort and knowledge in the review process. Our program evaluation was limited by lack of validated surveys and a lack of longitudinal data on future completion of reviews. This pilot program inspired enthusiasm and increased interest in the peer review process among young paediatric urologists. This program could serve as a model for improving recruitment of peer reviewers and could impact reviewer quality.
Digital Holography Interferometry for Refractive Index Characterization and Temperature Mapping of Aqueous Solutions at Supercooled Temperatures
Authors: Alvarez Crysthal , Baskar Balaji , Berrospe‐Rodriguez Carla , Kavian Soheil , Sellers Ronald , Powell‐Palm Matthew J. , Aguilar Guillermo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCryopreservation of biological matter nigh‐universally requires cooling organic aqueous solutions through the metastable supercooled temperature regime. However, for many solutions of interest, very little thermophysical data exists at these temperatures, hampering the meaningful design of cryopreservation protocols or interrogation of cryopreservation processes. Digital holography interferometry (DHI) has recently emerged as a promising technique for measuring and characterizing the physical properties of liquids. Herein, DHI is proposed as a thermal imaging and characterization tool capable of measuring optical properties, such as temperature‐dependent refractive index, and providing high‐resolution two‐dimensional (2D) visualization of temperature distribution in the supercooling regime. This approach overcomes the limitations of traditional techniques such as thermocouples and thermal cameras. This work describes a DHI platform instrumented with a custom thermoelectric supercooling apparatus, demonstrates 2D temperature mapping in the supercooled regime, and measures the refractive index of water, 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 49% DMSO solutions at sub‐273 K temperatures. Overall, DHI is demonstrated as a noninvasive optical tool with high resolution for studying supercooled liquids, potentially enhancing cryopreservation protocols and providing new thermo‐optical information on cryoprotective agents at sub‐273 K temperatures.
Enhancing the Performance of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Through Chemical Modifications
Authors: Zhang Zhengheng , Wang An , Chen Tianyi , Wang Tengjiao , Li Peng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCurrent research on enhancing the performance of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) primarily focuses on improving the properties of dielectric elastomers (DEs), including increasing the dielectric constant, reducing the elastic modulus, and minimizing dielectric losses. The commonly used composite filler method struggles to address the trade‐off between high dielectric constant and low elastic modulus in DEs. In contrast, modifying the chemical structure by introducing polar groups into the DE polymer backbone can effectively increase the dielectric constant of DEs. Meanwhile, optimizing the degree of crosslinking and molecular weight can effectively reduce the elastic modulus of DEs. Currently, there remains a lack of systematic summarization regarding the chemical modification methods of DEs. This paper summarizes the actuation principles of DEs and introduces simple electromechanical modeling methods. It focuses on methods to enhance the dielectric constant of DEs through hydrosilylation, thiol‐ene click reactions, and azide‐alkyne click reactions, as well as methods to reduce the elastic modulus of DEs by improving the degree of crosslinking and molecular weight. Additionally, this study explores the current applications of DEAs in the fields of artificial muscles and soft robotics.
Mass Spectrometry‐Based Proteomics Technologies to Define Endogenous Protein‐Protein Interactions and Their Applications to Cancer and Viral Infectious Diseases
Authors: Yu Clinton , Adavikolanu Rithika , Kaake Robyn M. , Huang Lan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAn intricate network of protein assemblies and protein‐protein interactions (PPIs) underlies nearly every biological process in living systems. The organization of these cellular networks is highly dynamic and intimately tied to the genomic and proteomic landscapes of a cell. Disruptions in normal PPIs can impair cellular functions and contribute to the development of human diseases. In recent years, targeting PPIs has emerged as an attractive strategy for drug discovery. Consequently, the identification and characterization of endogenous PPIs—those occurring naturally under physiological conditions—has become crucial for unraveling the molecular mechanisms driving human pathology and for laying the groundwork for novel diagnostics and therapeutics. Owing to numerous technological advancements, mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics has transformed the study of PPIs at the systems‐level. This review focuses on proteomics approaches that enable the characterization of physiologically relevant endogenous interactions, spanning complex‐centric to structure‐centric analyses. Additionally, their applications to define native PPIs in the contexts of cancer and viral infectious diseases is highlighted.