bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of cytologic examination: 269 cases (1999–2000)
Authors: Cohen Michele , Bohling Mark W. , Wright James C. , Welles Elizabeth A. , Spano Joseph S. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine sensitivity and specificity of
cytologic examination used in a clinical setting.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—216 dogs, 44 cats, 4 horses, 2 ferrets, 1
llama, 1 rat, and 1 mouse.

Procedure—Records were reviewed of cases in
which a cytologic diagnosis was followed by a surgical
biopsy or postmortem examination within 3 days
with subsequent histopathologic diagnosis.
Diagnoses were compared for agreement at various
levels, including complete agreement, partial agreement,
no agreement, or no comparison possible
because of insufficient or incorrect cytologic specimen.
Levels of agreement were compared for different
categories of lesions, including neoplastic, inflammatory,
dysplastic-hyperplastic-other, and normal tissue.
Additionally, levels of agreement for neoplastic
lesions were categorized with regard to cell type,
degree of malignancy, and location. Sensitivity and
specificity of cytologic examination were calculated.

Results—At the level of general agreement (complete
and partial agreement), the sensitivity of cytologic
examination ranged from 33.3 to 66.1%,
depending on the location of the lesion. Cytologic
examination was most accurate when used to diagnose
cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions and least
accurate for diagnosis of liver lesions. Cytologic
examination was most effective in diagnosis of neoplastic
disease and least effective in diagnosis of dysplastic
or hyperplastic conditions.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cytologic
examination is a valuable diagnostic tool, although our
results indicated lower accuracy than previously
reported. False-negative results (missing a diagnosis)
were far more common than false-positive results
(categorizing a healthy animal as diseased); therefore,
if the clinical index of suspicion is high, cytologic
examination should be repeated or another technique
should be selected to rule out the suspected condition.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;222:964–967)
Evaluation of bacteriologic culture of individual and pooled fecal samples for detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in dairy cattle herds
Authors: Wells Scott J. , Godden Sandra M. , Lindeman Cynthia J. , Collins James E. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objectives—To determine the sensitivity of bacteriologic
culture of pooled fecal samples in detecting
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, compared with bacteriologic
culture of individual fecal samples in dairy
cattle herds.

Study Design—Cross-sectional study.

Animals—24 dairy cattle herds.

Procedure—Individual and pooled fecal samples
were submitted for bacteriologic culture, and results
were compared between these groups.

Results—Ninety-four and 88% of pooled fecal samples
that contained feces from at least 1 animal with
high (mean, ≥ 50 colonies/tube) and moderate (mean,
10 to 49 colonies/tube) concentrations of M paratuberculosis,
respectively, were identified by use of
bacteriologic culture of pooled fecal samples.
Prevalences of paratuberculosis determined by bacteriologic
culture of pooled and individual fecal samples
were highly correlated.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bacteriologic
culture of pooled fecal samples provided a valid and
cost-effective method for the detection of M paratuberculosis
infection in dairy cattle herds and can be
used to estimate prevalence of infection within a
herd. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;223:1022–1025)
Taurine deficiency in Newfoundlands fed commercially available complete and balanced diets
Authors: Backus Robert C. , Cohen Gabrielle , Pion Paul D. , Good Kathryn L. , Rogers Quinton R. , Fascetti Andrea J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine taurine status in a large group of Newfoundlands related by environment, diet, or breeding to a dog with dilated cardiomyopathy and taurine deficiency.Design—Prospective study.Animals—19 privately owned Newfoundlands between 5 months and 11.5 years old that had been fed commercial dry diets meeting established nutrient recommendations.Procedure—Diet histories were obtained, and blood, plasma, and urine taurine concentrations and plasma methionine and cysteine concentrations were measured. In 8 dogs, taurine concentrations were measured before and after supplementation with methionine for 30 days. Ophthalmic examinations were performed in 16 dogs; echocardiography was performed in 6 dogs that were taurine deficient.Results—Plasma taurine concentrations ranged from 3 to 228 nmol/mL. Twelve dogs had concentrations < 40 nmol/mL and were considered taurine deficient. For dogs with plasma concentrations < 40 nmol/mL, there was a significant linear correlation between plasma and blood taurine concentrations. For dogs with plasma concentrations > 40 nmol/mL, blood taurine concentrations did not vary substantially. Taurine-deficient dogs had been fed lamb meal and rice diets. Retinal degeneration, dilated cardiomyopathy, and cystinuria were not found in any dog examined for these conditions. The taurine deficiency was reversed by a change in diet or methionine supplementation.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate a high prevalence of taurine deficiency among an environmentally and genetically related cohort of Newfoundlands fed apparently complete and balanced diets. Blood taurine concentrations indicative of taurine deficiency in Newfoundlands may be substantially less than concentrations indicative of a deficiency in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:1130–1136)
Development and validation of a questionnaire for measuring behavior and temperament traits in pet dogs
Authors: Hsu Yuying , Serpell James A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To develop and validate a questionnaire to assess behavior and temperament traits of pet dogs.Design—Cross-sectional survey of dog owners.Animals—1,851 dogs belonging to clients of a veterinary teaching hospital or members of national breed clubs and 203 dogs examined by canine behavior practitioners because of behavior problems.Procedure—Owners were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of 152 items eliciting information on how dogs responded to specific events and situations in their usual environment. Data from completed questionnaires were subjected to factor analysis, and the resulting factors were tested for reliability and validity.Results—Factor analysis yielded 11 factors from 68 of the original questionnaire items that together accounted for 57% of the common variance in questionnaire item scores. Reliability was acceptable for all but 1 of these factors. Behavior problems in 200 of the 203 dogs with behavior problems could be assigned to 7 diagnostic categories that matched 7 of the factors identified during factor analysis of questionnaire responses. Dogs assigned to particular diagnostic categories had significantly higher scores for corresponding questionnaire factors than did those assigned to unrelated diagnostic categories, indicating that the factors were valid .Validity of the remaining 4 factors could not be examined because of a lack of information on dogs with behavior problems related to these factors.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings suggest that the resulting 68-item questionnaire is a reliable and valid method of assessing behavior and temperament traits in dogs. The questionnaire may be useful in screening dogs for behavior problems and in evaluating the clinical effects of various treatments for behavior problems. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223: 1293–1300)
Evaluation of dietary patterns in dogs with cardiac disease
Authors: Freeman Lisa M. , Rush John E. , Cahalane Alane K. , Kaplan Paul M. , Markwell Peter J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the dietary patterns and intake of nutrients of concern in dogs with cardiac disease.Design—Prospective study.Animals—82 dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or chronic valvular disease.Procedure—Owners of dogs were contacted and given a standardized telephone questionnaire regarding diet and a 24-hour food recall to determine daily intake of calories, protein, fat, sodium, potassium, and magnesium.Results—Among the 82 dogs, 71% had no congestive heart failure (CHF), and 29% had CHF or a history of CHF. Sixty-one percent of dogs had concurrent diseases. Anorexia was or had been evident in 34% of dogs and was significantly more common in the CHF group and in dogs with DCM. Most dogs (92%) received some treats and table food, with a median percentage of daily calories from treats of 19% (range, 0% to 100%). Most owners (57%) that administered pills used human or pet foods for pill administration. Most dogs ate more than the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) minimum values for fat and protein. Daily sodium intake varied from 14 to 384 mg/100 kcal, compared with the AAFCO minimum of 17 mg/100 kcal. A median of 25% of total daily sodium came from treats and table food (range, 0% to 100%). Dogs with CHF ate significantly more sodium, compared with dogs with no CHF.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dietary intake for dogs with cardiac disease is highly variable and often not optimal. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223: 1301–1305)
Diagnosis and treatment of arthrosis of cervical articular facet joints in Scottish Deerhounds: 9 cases (1998–2002)
Authors: Kinzel Sylvia , Hein Sven , Buecker Arno , Krombach Gabriele A. , Kuepper Werner 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine diagnostic features and efficacy of treatment of arthrosis of the cervical articular facet joints between C2 and C3 in Scottish Deerhounds.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—9 client-owned dogs.Procedure—Medical records of affected dogs were reviewed. Diagnosis was confirmed by results of clinical examination (signs of severe pain from unilateral or bilateral flexion of the cervical vertebral column), radiography, myelography, and computed tomography. Treatment consisted of fluoroscopy-guided intra-articular injection of corticosteroids and lidocaine.Results—Unilateral or bilateral arthrosis of the cervical facet joints between C2 and C3 was detected in all dogs. In 7 dogs, signs of pain were elicited by flexion of the side of the neck in which affected joints were detected radiographically. Two dogs had signs of pain during right lateral flexion, although bilateral lesions were detected. Five dogs had unilateral lesions, and 4 dogs had bilateral lesions; sclerosis and hypertrophy of the articular process were common. Two dogs had bridging of the articular space. Use of computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis. Myelography did not reveal abnormalities of the spinal cord or canal. After treatment, 8 dogs had rapid marked improvement of clinical signs, and 7 dogs remained free of clinical signs for > 4 months.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Arthrosis of the cervical facet joints in Scottish Deerhounds is a severely painful condition for which conventional radiography is a useful screening test. Intra-articular administration of corticosteroids and anesthetic is efficacious, long-lasting, and minimally invasive. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:1311–1315)
Evaluation of flunixin meglumine as an adjunct treatment for diarrhea in dairy calves
Authors: Barnett Staci C. , Sischo William M. , Moore Dale A. , Reynolds James P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To assess the use of flunixin meglumine as an adjunct treatment for diarrhea in calves.Design—Clinical trial.Animals—115 calves with diarrhea that were 1 to 21 days old at enrollment.Procedure—Calves that developed diarrhea were randomly assigned to receive no flunixin meglumine (controls), a single dose of flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg [1.0 mg/lb]), or 2 doses of flunixin meglumine administered 24 hours apart. Serum IgG concentration and PCV were measured prior to enrollment in the trial. Calves were evaluated daily to determine rectal temperature, fecal consistency, demeanor, and skin elasticity score . The primary analytic outcome was days of sickness (morbiddays).Results—Calves with fecal blood and treated with a single dose of flunixin meglumine had fewer morbiddays and antimicrobial treatments, compared with controls. Although not significant, calves given 2 doses of flunixin meglumine in 24 hours had fewer morbid-days than untreated control calves. Regardless of severity of diarrhea, calves without fecal blood did not benefit from the use of flunixin. For calves with fecal blood, failure of passive transfer (low serum IgG concentration) was an independent risk factor for increased morbid-days.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment with a single dose of flunixin meglumine resulted in fewer antimicrobial treatments and morbid-days in calves with fecal blood. As observed in other studies, calves with failure of passive transfer were at high risk for poor outcomes. This emphasizes the importance of developing and implementing effective colostrum delivery programs on dairy farms. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:1329–1333)
Surgical management of cricopharyngeal dysphagia in dogs: 14 cases (1989–2001)
Authors: Warnock Jennifer J. , Marks Stanley L. , Pollard Rachel , Kyles Andrew E. , Davidson Autumn 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine outcome of and complications
associated with cricopharyngeal myotomy or
myectomy for treatment of cricopharyngeal dysphagia
(CPD) in dogs

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—14 dogs.

Procedure—Medical records of dogs with CPD that
underwent cricopharyngeal myotomy or myectomy
were examined. Follow-up information was obtained
through telephone interviews with owners and referring
veterinarians and clinical examinations when feasible.

Results—16 surgical procedures were performed
on the 14 dogs. Dysphagia was completely
resolved immediately after surgery in 1 dog, and
clinical signs did not recur (follow-up time of 8
years); a second dog also had immediate complete
resolution of dysphagia, but follow-up time was
only 10 days. Three dogs had transient complete
resolution with a mean time to recurrence of dysphagia
of 12.3 weeks (range, 2 to 36 weeks). Three
dogs had permanent partial resolution. Six dogs
had no improvement after surgery. Eight of the 14
dogs were euthanatized because of problems related
to CPD, including persistent dysphagia (n = 8)
and aspiration pneumonia (5).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The failure
rate for dogs undergoing surgical treatment of CPD
may be high, particularly if concurrent aspiration
pneumonia or malnutrition is not addressed prior to
surgery. For those dogs with concurrent diseases,
more aggressive medical management, such as
enteral tube feeding, may be warranted rather than
surgery. In dogs with CPD complicated by other
anatomic or functional conditions, such as myasthenia
gravis, laryngeal paralysis, and esophageal stricture,
surgery may also not be indicated. (J Am Vet Med
Assoc 2003;223:1462–1468)
Injection of corticosteroids, hyaluronate, and amikacin into the navicular bursa in horses with signs of navicular area pain unresponsive to other treatments: 25 cases (1999–2002)
Authors: Dabareiner Robin M. , Carter G. Kent , Honnas Clifford M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine history, clinical and radiographic abnormalities, and outcome in horses with signs of navicular area pain unresponsive to corrective shoeing and systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration that were treated with an injection of corticosteroids, sodium hyaluronate, and amikacin into the navicular bursa.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—25 horses.Procedure—Data collected from the medical records included signalment, history, horse use, severity and duration of lameness, shoeing regimen, results of diagnostic anesthesia, radiographic abnormalities, and outcome.Results—17 horses had bilateral forelimb lameness, 7 had unilateral forelimb lameness, and 1 had unilateral hind limb lameness. Mean duration of lameness was 9.2 months. All horses had been treated with corrective shoeing and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for at least 6 months; 18 had previously been treated by injection of corticosteroids and sodium hyaluronate into the distal interphalangeal joint. Fourteen horses had mismatched front feet, and 21 horses had signs of pain in response to application of pressure over the central aspect of the frog. Palmar digital nerve anesthesia resulted in substantial improvement in or resolution of the lameness in all horses. Twenty horses (80%) were sound and returned to intended activities 2 weeks after navicular bursa treatment; mean duration of soundness was 4.6 months. Two horses that received numerous navicular bursa injections had a rupture of the deep digital flexor tendon at the level of the pastern region.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that navicular bursa treatment may provide temporary improvement in horses with signs of chronic navicular area pain that fail to respond to other treatments. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:1469–1474)
Risk factors and prevalence of injuries in horses during various types of steeplechase races
Authors: Stephen Jennifer O. , White II Nathaniel A. , McCormick William H. , Cowles R. Reynolds , Corley Kevin T. T. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To identify the types of injuries sustained by horses that competed in steeplechase races and determine the prevalence of and risk factors for those injuries.Design—Prospective study.Animals—2,680 horses that competed in various types of steeplechase races from 1996 through 2000.Procedure—Data regarding races; environment; equipment problems; the number of horses that entered, started, and finished races; the number of riders that fell; and the number of horses that were slowed or stopped by the rider, ran off the course, fell, and sustained injuries or physical abnormalities during races were collected on a standard form by the official veterinarian who attended each meet. Data from all meets were not recorded; however, in recorded meets, data from every race were reported.Results—Data for 197 hurdle, 65 timber, 76 flat, and 8 mixed races were recorded. Nine (3.4/1,000 horses that started in races) horses died or were euthanatized, and 7 of those were associated with catastrophic musculoskeletal injury. Seven fractures were recorded. Four fractures involved forelimbs, 1 involved a hind limb, and 2 involved the cervical portion of the vertebral column. All horses with fractures were euthanatized. Deep or hard course conditions were associated with an increased risk of breakdown injuries.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Successful development and implementation of strategies to prevent injuries and death in horses in steeplechase races depend on a clear understanding of the types and prevalence of injuries involved and risk factors associated with those injuries. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:1788–1790)
Thyroid function in mature horses ingesting endophyte-infected fescue seed
Authors: Breuhaus Babetta A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether ingestion of fescue seed infected with the endophyteNeotyphodium coenophialumwould alter thyroid function in adult horses.Design—Original study.Animals—4 adult mares that were not pregnant and 6 adult geldings.Procedure—Thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation tests were performed while horses received a standard diet and after infected seed (2.3 kg/d [5 lb/d]) had been fed for 1 and 2 months. Serum prolactin concentrations were measured to verify endophyte absorption.Results—Serum prolactin concentrations indicated that at least 8 of 10 horses absorbed the endophyte. Baseline concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone, total and free triiodothyronine, and total and free thyroxine and the change in hormone concentrations in response to administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (1 mg, IV) were not altered by ingestion of endophyte-infected fescue seed.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that ingestion of fescue seed infected with the endophytic fungusN coenophialumfor 2 months has little effect on thyroid function in adult horses that are not pregnant. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:340–345)
Evaluation of the role of lower urinary tract disease in cats with urine-marking behavior
Authors: Tynes Valarie V. , Hart Benjamin L. , Pryor Patricia A. , Bain Melissa J. , Messam Locksley L. McV. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether findings of urinalyses
could be used to reliably distinguish gonadectomized
cats with urine-marking behavior from those
with no problem urination.

Design—Case control study.

Animals—58 gonadectomized cats (47 males and 11
females) with urine-marking behavior (ie, marking of
vertical surfaces) and 39 (26 males and 13 females)
without problem urination or urinary tract-associated
conditions.

Procedure—Urine was collected by cystocentesis
from all cats. Findings of urinalyses of cats with urinemarking
behavior were analyzed statistically for sexrelated
differences and differences between cats that
marked vertical surfaces only and those that marked
both vertical and horizontal surfaces; findings of urinalyses
of control cats were compared between
sexes. Subsequently, results of urinalyses of cats
with urine-marking behavior were compared with
those of control cats.

Results—With regard to variables measured via urinalysis,
there were no differences between male and
female cats within either group. Among cats with
urine-marking behavior, there were no differences
between those that only marked vertically and those
that marked vertically and horizontally. Analyses of
data from all cats with urine-marking behavior and
control cats revealed no differences that could be
associated with urine marking.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These data
suggest that urine-marking behavior by gonadectomized
cats is an aspect of normal behavior. Clinicians
are advised to focus on behavioral history of house-soiling
cats to differentiate between urine-marking behavior
and inappropriate urination; for the latter, urinalysis
is appropriate to rule out lower urinary tract disorders.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;223:457–461)
Pneumoperitoneum in dogs and cats: 39 cases (1983–2002)
Authors: Saunders W. Brian , Tobias Karen M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To identify the most common causes of pneumoperitoneum in dogs and cats and determine history, clinical features, and outcome of affected animals.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—31 dogs and 8 cats.Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for signalment; history; abnormal physical, clinicopathologic, and radiographic findings; results of cytologic analysis and bacterial culture of abdominal fluid; gross and histologic findings at surgery or necropsy; and outcome.Results—Pneumoperitoneum was classified as spontaneous in 25 animals and traumatic in 14. Causes of traumatic pneumoperitoneum included vehicular impact, gunshot wounds, abdominal dog bite wounds, and iatrogenic pneumothorax. Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum was caused by gastrointestinal tract perforation in 23 animals; underlying causes included neoplasia, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration, and corticosteroid administration. Two animals developed spontaneous pneumoperitoneum after bladder rupture. Animals with spontaneous pneumoperitoneum were significantly older and had clinical signs of longer duration than those with traumatic pneumoperitoneum. Sixteen animals survived, including 15 of 23 animals that underwent surgery. Animals that survived had significantly higher serum albumin concentrations than did animals that died or were euthanatized.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although pneumoperitoneum is most often attributable to perforation of a hollow viscus, other causes do exist. Early exploration is recommended for diagnosis and treatment of the underlying condition. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:462–468)