bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress (E‐PASS) Score in Liver Surgery
Authors: Banz Vanessa M. , Studer Peter , Inderbitzin Daniel , Candinas Daniel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress (E‐PASS) has been used to produce a numerical estimate of expected mortality and morbidity after elective gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was to validate E‐PASS in a selected cohort of patients requiring liver resections (LR).MethodsIn this retrospective study, E‐PASS predictor equations for morbidity and mortality were applied to the prospective data from 243 patients requiring LR. The observed rates were compared with predicted rates using Fisher’s exact test. The discriminative capability of E‐PASS was evaluated using receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe observed and predicted overall mortality rates were both 3.3% and the morbidity rates were 31.3 and 26.9%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the comprehensive risk scores for deceased and surviving patients (p = 0.043). However, the scores for patients with or without complications were not significantly different (p = 0.120). Subsequent ROC curve analysis revealed a poor predictive accuracy for morbidity.ConclusionsThe E‐PASS score seems to effectively predict mortality in this specific group of patients but is a poor predictor of complications. A new modified logistic regression might be required for LR in order to better predict the postoperative outcome.
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Genetic Counseling on Risk Perception Accuracy
Authors: Smerecnik Chris M. R. , Mesters Ilse , Verweij Eline , de Vries Nanne K. , de Vries Hein 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis review presents an overview of the impact of genetic counseling on risk perception accuracy in papers published between January 2000 and February 2007. The results suggest that genetic counseling may have a positive impact on risk perception accuracy, though some studies observed no impact at all, or only for low‐risk participants. Several implications for future research can be deduced. First, future researchers should link risk perception changes to objective risk estimates, define risk perception accuracy as the correct counseled risk estimate, and report both the proportion of individuals who correctly estimate their risk and the average overestimation of the risk. Second, as the descriptions of the counseling sessions were generally poor, future research should include more detailed description of these sessions and link their content to risk perception outcomes to allow interpretation of the results. Finally, the effect of genetic counseling should be examined for a wider variety of hereditary conditions. Genetic counselors should provide the necessary context in which counselees can understand risk information, use both verbal and numerical risk estimates to communicate personal risk information, and use visual aids when communicating numerical risk information.
Do spider mite‐infested plants and spider mite trails attract predatory mites?
Authors: Yano Shuichi , Osakabe Masahiro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe questioned the well‐accepted concept that spider mite‐infested plants attract predatory mites from a distance. This idea is based on the preference demonstrated by predatory mites such as Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias‐Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for volatiles produced by spider mite‐infested plants in a closed environment (Y‐tube wind tunnel). However, in natural open environments, kidney bean leaves heavily infested with Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) did not attract P. persimilis from the same distances as were used in the Y‐tube tests. Therefore, the attraction of predatory mites for spider mite‐infested plant volatiles in the Y‐tube tests may reflect a preference in a closed environment and should be carefully interpreted as a basis for extrapolating predator–prey attraction mechanisms in the wild. On the other hand, we showed that adult female P. persimilis could follow trails laid down by adult female T. urticae in the laboratory and in natural open environments. Consequently, we propose that following spider mite trails represents another prey‐searching cue for predatory mites.
Modification of Conductive Polymer for Polymeric Anodes of Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Guang-Feng , Tao Xiao-Ming , Xin John H. , Fei Bin 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
A conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), was modified with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in solution state, together with sub-sequential thermal treatment of its spin-coated film. The electrical conductivity increased by more than three orders of magnitude improvement was achieved. The mechanism for the conductivity improvement was studied at nanoscale by particle size analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Smaller particle size was observed, resulting in larger contact area and better electrical conductive connections. Connection of conductive PEDOT increased on the surface of the PEDOT:PSS particles, which promoted high conductivity. Flexible anodes based on the modified PEDOT:PSS were fabricated. Flexible organic light-emitting diodes (FOLED) based the polymeric anodes have a comparable performance to those on indium–tin–oxide (ITO) anodes.
Classification of proximal tibial fractures in children
Authors: Mubarak Scott J. , Kim Jung Ryul , Edmonds Eric W. , Pring Maya E. , Bastrom Tracey P. 
Published: March 2009

Purpose To develop a classification system for all proximal tibial fractures in children that accounts for force of injury and fracture patterns. Methods At our institution, 135 pediatric proximal tibia fractures were treated from 1997 to 2005. Fractures were classified into four groups according to the direction of force of injury: valgus, varus, extension, and flexion–avulsion. Each group was subdivided into metaphyseal and physeal type by fracture location and Salter–Harris classification. Also included were tibial tuberosity and tibial spine fractures. Results Of the 135 fractures, 30 (22.2%) were classified as flexion group, 60 (44.4%) extension group, 28 (20.8%) valgus group, and 17 (12.6%) varus group. The most common type was extension-epiphyseal-intra-articular-tibial spine in 52 fractures (38.5%). This study shows that proximal tibial fractures are age-dependent in relation to: mechanism, location, and Salter–Harris type. In prepubescent children (ages 4–9 years), varus and valgus forces were the predominate mechanism of fracture creation. During the years nearing adolescence (around ages 10–12 years), a fracture mechanism involving extension forces predominated. With pubescence (after age 13 years), the flexion–avulsion pattern is most commonly seen. Furthermore, metaphyseal fractures predominated in the youngest population (ages 3–6 years), with tibial spine fractures occurring at age 10, Salter–Harris type I and II fractures at age 12, and Salter–Harris type III and IV physeal injuries occurring around age 14 years. Conclusion We propose a new classification scheme that reflects both the direction of force and fracture pattern that appears to be age-dependent. A better understanding of injury patterns based on the age of the child, in conjunction with appropriate pre-operative imaging studies, such as computer-aided tomography, will facilitate the operative treatment of these often complex fractures.
Contrast Mechanisms and Image Formation in Helium Ion Microscopy
Authors: Bell David C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe helium ion microscope is a unique imaging instrument. Based on an atomic level imaging system using the principle of field ion microscopy, the helium ion source has been shown to be incredibly stable and reliable, itself a remarkable engineering feat. Here we show that the image contrast is fundamentally different to other microscopes such as the scanning electron microscope (SEM), although showing many operational similarities due to the physical ion interaction mechanisms with the sample. Secondary electron images show enhanced surface contrast due the small surface interaction volume as well as elemental contrast differences, such as for nanowires imaged on a substrate. We present images of nanowires and nanoparticles for comparison with SEM imaging. Applications of Rutherford backscattered ion imaging as a unique and novel imaging mechanism are described. The advantages of the contrast mechanisms offered by this instrument for imaging nanomaterials are clearly apparent due to the high resolution and surface sensitivity afforded in the images. Future developments of the helium ion microscope should yield yet further improvements in imaging and provide a platform for continued advances in microscope science and nanoscale research.
Electron Channeling: A Problem for X-Ray Microanalysis in Materials Science
Authors: Meisenkothen Frederick , Wheeler Robert , Uchic Michael D. , Kerns Robert D. , Scheltens Frank J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractElectron channeling effects can create measurable signal intensity variations in all product signals that result from the scattering of the electron beam within a crystalline specimen. Of particular interest to the X-ray microanalyst are any variations that occur within the characteristic X-ray signal that are not directly related to a specimen composition variation. Many studies have documented the effect of crystallographic orientation on the local X-ray yield; however, the vast majority of these studies were carried out on thin foil specimens examined in transmission. Only a few studies have addressed these effects in bulk specimen materials, and these analyses were generally carried out at common scanning electron microscope microanalysis overvoltages (>1.5). At these overvoltage levels, the anomalous transmission effect is weak. As a result, the effect of electron channeling on the characteristic X-ray signal intensity has traditionally been overlooked in the field of quantitative electron probe microanalysis. The present work will demonstrate that electron channeling can produce X-ray variations of up to 26%, between intensity maxima and minima, in low overvoltage X-ray microanalyses of bulk specimens. Intensity variations of this magnitude will significantly impact the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative X-ray microanalyses at low overvoltage on engineering structural materials.
A comparison of parameters of 3-minute and 5-minute oscillations in sunspots from synchronous microwave and optical observations
Authors: Abramov-Maximov V. E. , Gelfreikh G. B. , Kobanov N. I. , Shibasaki K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe observations of 3 and 5 minute oscillations in sunspots present information on propagation of MHD waves in the magnetic tubes of sunspots. We present a comparison of wavelet spectra of radio flux oscillations at λ = 1.76 cm and oscillations of longitudinal component of the velocity at the chromosphere in sunspot umbra and penumbra in AR 10661 (2004, Aug 18). The radio maps of the Sun obtained with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph were used. The spatial resolution of the radio data was about 10-15 arcsec, and 10 sec cadence was used. On the radio maps sunspot-associated sources were identified and time profiles of their maximum brightness temperatures for each radio source were calculated. Radio data consists of information of oscillations of plasma parameters (in the regions with magnetic field B = 2000 G) at the level of the chromosphere-corona transition region. The optical observations were carried out at Sayan observatory. These data included information on longitude component of the magnetic field at the photosphere (line Fe I 6569 Å) and longitudinal component of the velocity at the chromosphere (line Hα was used). Comparing the wavelet diagrams covering the same periods of observations at radio and optics showed that some wave trains of time profiles are very similar in both kinds of observations (similar oscillation frequencies and their drifts, variations of amplitudes), however, some significant differences were also registered. The best similarity in optical and radio oscillations was found when the active region (AR) was near the center of the solar disk. The phase shifts between the two kinds of observations reflecting the propagation of MHD waves were also analyzed.
Understanding structures at the base of the solar corona – polar plumes
Authors: Gabriel A. H. , Bely-Dubau F. , Tison E. , Abbo L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecent work on coronal polar plumes (Gabriel et al. 2003, 2005) has aimed at determining the outflow velocity in plume and interplume regions, using the Doppler dimming technique on oxygen VI observations by SUMER and UVCS on SOHO. By comparing observations of SOHO/EIT with plume modelling, we show that the major part of plumes is the result of chance alignments along the line-of-sight of small enhancements in intensity. This confirms the so-called curtain model. These plumes can be attributed to reconnection activity along the boundaries of supergranule cells. A second population of plumes has a lower abundance and arises from surface bright points having a particular magnetic configuration. New observations using the Hinode/EIS spectrometer are in progress, with the aim of providing further insight for this model.
Microwave observations with the RATAN-600 radio telescope: detection of the thermal emission sources
Authors: Grigoryeva Irina Yu. , Kashapova Larisa K. , Livshits Moisey A. , Borovik Valery N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report on two off-limb radio sources of microwave emission which were detected in one-dimensional RATAN-600 solar scans of the post-eruptive loops: on December 2, 2003 (off west limb) and January 25, 2007 (east limb). The microwave spectra showed that the thermal emission was predominant at the early stage of the arcade formation with a small contribution of non-thermal emission. There were no high-energy particles in these events. The microwave spectra of the radio sources associated with the tops of postflare loops show the predominant thermal emission during one hour after the eruption. In case of a small contribution from accelerated particles to the microwave emission, there is a large amount of hot plasma in the region of the loop tops after the eruption.
Oscillatory phenomena in a solar network region
Authors: Tsiropoula Georgia , Tziotziou Kostas , Schwartz Pavol , Heinzel Petr 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe examine oscillatory phenomena in a solar network region from multi-wavelength, observations obtained by the ground-based Dutch Open Telescope (DOT), and by instruments on the spacecraft Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO). The observations were obtained during a coordinated observing campaign on October 14, 2005. The temporal variations of the intensities and velocities in two distinct regions of the quiet Sun were investigated: one containing several dark mottles and the other several bright points defining the network boundaries (NB). The aim is to find similarities and/or differences in the oscillatory phenomena observed in these two regions and in different spectral lines formed from the chromosphere to the transition region, as well as propagation characteristics of waves.
Numerical simulation of wave propagation in magnetic network
Authors: Vigeesh G. , Hasan S. S. , Steiner O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe present 2-D numerical simulations of wave propagation in the magnetic network. The network is modelled as consisting of individual magnetic flux sheets located in intergranular lanes. They have a typical horizontal size of about 150 km at the base of the photosphere and expand upward and become uniform. We consider flux sheets of different field strengths. Waves are excited by means of transverse motions at the lower boundary, to simulate the effect of granular buffeting. We look at the magneto-acoustic waves generated within the flux sheet and the acoustic waves generated in the ambient medium due to the excitation. We calculate the wave energy fluxes separating them into contributions from the acoustic and the Poynting part and study the effect of the different field strengths.
Magnetic flux ropes: Fundamental structures for eruptive phenomena
Authors: Amari Tahar , Aly Jean-Jacques 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe consider some general aspects of twisted magnetic flux ropes (TFR), which are thought to play a fundamental role in the structure and dynamics of large scale eruptive events. We first discuss the possibility to show the presence of a TFR in a pre-eruptive configuration by using a model along with observational informations provided by a vector magnetograph. Then we present, in the framework of a generic model in which the coronal field is driven into an evolution by changes imposed at the photospheric level, several mechanisms which may lead to the formation and the disruption of a TFR, including the development of a MHD instability, and we discuss the issues of the energy and helicity contents of an erupting configuration. Finally we report some results of a recent and more ambitious approach to the physics of TFRs in which one tries to describe in a consistent way their rising through the convection zone, their emergence through the photosphere, and their subsequent evolution in the corona.
Formation of anisotropic distributions of mildly relativistic electrons in flaring loops
Authors: Melnikov Victor F. , Gorbikov Sergey P. , Pyatakov Nikolai P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper we show that different locations of acceleration/injection sites in flaring loops may produce very different types of pitch-angle distributions of accelerated electrons and, as a consequence, different spatial, spectral and polarization properties of the loop microwave emission. It is shown that these properties can be detected using spatially resolved microwave observations of specific flaring loops and be used to choose the most suitable electron acceleration model.
Cosmic ray spectra in planetary atmospheres
Authors: Buchvarova M. , Velinov P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOur model generalizes the differential D(E) and integral D(>E) spectra of cosmic rays (CR) during the 11-year solar cycle. The empirical model takes into account galactic (GCR) and anomalous cosmic rays (ACR) heliospheric modulation by four coefficients. The calculated integral spectra in the outer planets are on the basis of mean gradients: for GCR – 3%/AU and 7%/AU for anomalous protons. The obtained integral proton spectra are compared with experimental data, the CRÈME96 model for the Earth and theoretical results of 2D stochastic model. The proposed analytical model gives practical possibility for investigation of experimental data from measurements of galactic cosmic rays and their anomalous component.
SEPs and CMEs during cycle 23
Authors: Mäkelä Pertti , Gopalswamy Nat , Yashiro Seiji , Akiyama Sachiko , Xie Hong , Valtonen Eino 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe present a study of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in association with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and type II radio bursts. The particle and CME observations cover the years 1996–2007. We find that heavy-ion events in association with type II bursts and proton events are produced in more western and most energetic CMEs. In addition, the source distribution of type II associated proton events with heavy ions reminds the source distribution expected for events with flare particles. Therefore, the estimation of relative contributions by flares and shocks in SEP events and separation of suggested different particle acceleration models is complicated.
Changing Religiosity, Changing Politics? The Influence of “Belonging” and “Believing” on Political Attitudes in Switzerland
Authors: Nicolet Sarah , Tresch Anke 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStarting from theories of secularization and of religious individualization, we propose a two-dimensional typology of religiosity and test its impact on political attitudes. Unlike classic conceptions of religiosity used in political studies, our typology simultaneously accounts for an individual's sense of belonging to the church (institutional dimension) and his/her personal religious beliefs (spiritual dimension). Our analysis, based on data from the World Values Survey in Switzerland (1989–2007), shows two main results. First, next to evidence of religious decline, we also find evidence of religious change with an increase in the number of people who “believe without belonging.” Second, non-religious individuals and individuals who believe without belonging are significantly more permissive on issues of cultural liberalism than followers of institutionalized forms of religiosity.
The luck of the referee draw: the effect of exchanging reviews
Authors: BORNMANN Lutz , DANIEL Hans‐Dieter 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn journal peer review, editorial decisions on submitted manuscripts are informed by referees' expert recommendations; however, the choice of referees may affect these decisions. Using data from Angewandte Chemie International Edition (AC‐IE), this study tested what would have happened if referee reports had been received in a different order. In AC‐IE's peer‐review process, a manuscript is generally published only if two referees rate the results of the study as important and also recommend publication in the journal (what we have called the ‘clear‐cut’ rule). For 23% of those manuscripts for which a third referee report arrived after the editorial decision was made (37 of 162), this rule would have led to a different decision if the third report had replaced either of the others.
Seroepidemiological study of norovirus infection in Aichi Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Shinichi , Fujiwara Noriko , Takeda Naokazu , Minagawa Hiroko 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe serological prevalence of IgG antibody to seven NoV strains (GI.1, GI.4, GII.3, GII.4, GII.10, GII.12 and GII.15) among inhabitants aged 1–62 years of Aichi Prefecture, Japan was studied. Age‐related seroprevalence was measured by ELISA using baculovirus‐expressed recombinant VLP antigens. Seropositive rates for all seven VLP antigens gradually increased with age. Among the tested antigens, the highest seropositive rate was for the GII.4 strain. This result is consistent with the recent epidemic of NoV infection due to GII.4 strain in Japan.