bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of the Synthetic Inorganic Ion Exchanger. III. The Separation of the Fission Product by Means of a Stannic Phosphate Cation Exchanger
Authors: Inoue Yasushi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mutual separation of various nuclides contained in fission product has been carried out with a stannic phosphate cation exchanger. Various concentrations of nitric acid and ammonium chloride solutions have been used as eluants, and the separation has been performed on hydrogen- and ammonium-form exchangers.
The separations of 89Sr–137Cs, 89Sr–144Ce, 137Cs–144Ce and 90Sr–90Y were easy and complete except for that of 137Cs–144Ce on a hydrogen form exchanger. 95Zr and 95Nb were almost completely adsorbed on the exchanger over a wide range of acidity and salt concentration; therefore, they were not eluted at all. As the behavior of 106Ru is complex and its separation from other nuclides is impossible, it is necessary to separate the ruthenium from the fission product in advance by a method other than that of ion exchange.
With reference to the above results, the total analysis of the fission product on an ammonium form exchanger has been carried out. It is almost complete except for the contamination of rare earth in the cesium fraction.
Cadmium Sulfodichlorohydroxydimethylfuchsondicarboxylate Chelate—A Spectrophotometric Study
Authors: Sangal Satendra P , Dey Arun K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Sulfodichlorohydroxydimethylfuchsondicar-boxylate forms a 1:2 violet colored chelate (λmax 540 mμ) with cadmium(II). The chelate is stable between pH 9.5 and 11.5. The values of stability constant as determined by two different methods are 9.1 and 9.0, at 25°C.
Behavior of Chromotropic Acid as a Colloidal Electrolyte in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Sangal Satendra P 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The nature of chromotropic acid as a colloidal electrolyte has been established from electrical conductance studies. The curve obtained by plotting the square root of concentration and molar conductance of the reagent solution is not linear and resembles that of a colloidal electrolyte. The temperature coefficient per degree centigrade per hundred units of conductance at 35°C is between 1.5 and 1.7. The temperature of zero conductance, determined by extrapolation, is −20.0°C.
The Preparation of Dimer Aldehydes and Dimer Alcohols in an Oxo Reactor. I. Modifiers Effective in Producing Dimer Aldehydes and the Hydrogenation of the Aldehydes with Synthesis Gas
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Matsuda Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Among the modifiers which have been tested, magnesium compounds are the most effective in producing a great amount of dimer aldehydes in the course of the propylene hydroformylation. The addition does not result in any reduction of the hydroformylation rate at 150°C. A certain amount of C-4 aldehydes had already been dimerized in the presence of dicobalt octacarbonyl alone, but the amount of dimerized aldehydes is greatly increased by the further addition of magnesium compounds, the total amount exceeding the sum of the amounts obtainable in the presence of either one of them. Moreover, the addition of an organic base further increases the yield of dimer aldehydes to some extent.
When starting with the raw material also containing iron pentacarbonyl, the hydrogenation of the aldehydes with the synthesis gas can be accomplished by the simple elevation of the temperature to 200°C. In the hydrogenation stage, iron pentacarbonyl does not behave as the catalyst for itself, but it contributes to the hydrogenation by suppressing, at that high temperature, the decomposition of the dicobalt octacarbonyl that is the real catalyst.
Kinetics of the Catalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation of Thiodiglycol in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Ogata Yoshiro , Sawaki Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The catalytic activities of some inorganic compounds for the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of thiodiglycol (TDG) have been examined in aqueous media at 25°C and at pH 4.7. It has been found that the order of catalytic activities was: Na2MoO4, Na2WO4&gt;&gt;H2SeO3&gt;NH4VO3, Na2TeO4, UO2(OAc)2, Cu(OAc)2. The rates of oxidation using all these catalysts, except sodium molybdate, may be expressed as v=k2[H2O2] [TDG].
The kinetics of this reaction has been studied in detail, especially with the sodium molybdate (SM) catalyst, by means of iodometry. The oxidation in the range [H2O2]&gt;2[SM] follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics : v=k1c[SM] [TDG]. The rate at pH below 2 is several times faster than that at pH 3∼6, the energies of the activation at pH’s below 2 and at 3∼6 being 9.21 and 11.2 kcal. mol−1 respectively. The oxidation in the range of [H2O2]&lt;2[SM] follows the second-order kinetics : v=k2′[Active oxygen] [TDG]. The values of k2′ were identical with the second-order rate constants obtained in the oxidation of thiodiglycol by yellow sodium peroxymolybdate. It is probable that dihydroperoxymolybdate, HMoO6−, produced rapidly from Na2MoO4 and hydrogen peroxide, oxidizes thiodiglycol The increase in the rate with a decreasing pH may be due to the transformation of HMoO6− to more active H2MoO6, since the Na2MO4-hydrogen peroxide system gave two different ultraviolet absorption maxima corresponding to HMoO6− and H2MoO6 at pH 4.7 and 0.8 respectively.
Polymerization and Polymers of Itaconic Acid Derivatives. V. The Copolymerization Reactivity of Itaconic Acid in an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Nagai Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The copolymerization of itaconic acid with acrylonitrile has been carried out in aqueous solutions of three different pH values. From the composition data obtained, the monomer reactivity ratios and the Q-e values have been calculated. The results indicate that itaconic acid, when ionized to the second-step dissociated form, is able to copolymerize with other monomers, while it is almost completely unable to homopolymerize.
The Chemical Compositions of Crystals and Glasses of the NaPO3–Na2SiO3 and NaPO3–SiO2 Systems
Authors: Ohashi Shigeru , Oshima Fumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Crystals and glasses of the NaPO3–Na2SiO3 and NaPO3-SiO2 systems with various P/Si ratios have been prepared from sodium metaphosphate, silicon dioxide, and sodium carbonate. The samples with P/Si ratios in the range from 0.05 to 4.00 have been obtained as crystalline substances containing amorphous substances, while those with P/Si ratios in the range from 6.00 to 200 have been obtained as glassy substances. By the X-ray diffractometry and the paper chromatography, it has been revealed that the crystals of neither system contains any P–O–Si linkages. By the paper chromatography and the pH-titration method, it has been disclosed that the glassy substances of either system with P/Si ratios higher than 6 are hydrolyzed to give mixtures of polyphosphates when dissolved in water. The lower the P/Si ratio, the more shorter chain polyphosphates are formed. The variation in the average chain length of the polyphosphates with the P/Si ratio indicates that these glassy substances are condensed phosphate-silicates containing P–O–Si linkages. Three structural types of P–O–Si linkages have been proposed for the condensed phosphate-silicates.
Formaldehyde Resins. LXVII. On the Reaction Order of Sodium Hydroxide and on the Salt-effect of Sodium Bromide in the Base-catalyzed Reaction of Benzamide with Formaldehyde
Authors: Imoto Minoru , Ninagawa Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A kinetic study of the reaction of benzamide with formaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide has been made. The following results have been obtained: (1) A linear relationship is obtained between the concentration of sodium hydroxide and the critical bending concentration of formaldehyde where the reaction-order changes from one to zero. (2) The pH value is constant throughout the reaction. (3) The rate of the reaction decreases upon the addition of sodium bromide. However, the decrease reaches a miuimum at a definite concentration of sodium bromide. After this point, the salt has no effect on the rate. (4) The activation energy has been computed as 8.25 kcal./mol. The findings (1) and (3) have been explained by the solvated cage theory.
The Colorimetric Determination of Traces of Selenium with Dithizone
Authors: Mabuchi Hisao , Nakahara Hiromichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A colorimetric method of determining traces of selenium with dithizone has been studied. Selenium is extracted from a 6 N hydrochloric acid solution with a carbon tetrachloride solution of dithizone almost quantitatively, and the dithizone complex of selenium in carbon tetrachloride has a maximum absorption at the wavelength of 420mμ. One p.p.m. of selenium can be determined spectrophotometrically, by measuring the extinction at 420 mμ in the mono-color method and at 410 mμ in the mixed-color method.
The errors of these two methods are estimated to be within 3%. Copper(II) and mercury (II) were found to be interfering metals. However, they are easily removed by a preliminary extraction. Finally, attention should be paid to the fact that the color of the dithizone complex of seleium is apt to fade away rapidly when it is left in contact with a 6n hydrochloric acid solution for some time.
Charge Mobility in Pyrene Crystals
Authors: Ohki Kenji , Inokuchi Hiroo , Maruyama Yusei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
To estimate the charge mobility in a direction perpendicular to the ab plane in the sixteen atoms of the aromatic hydrocarbon crystal, pyrene, the overlap integrals between two molecules have been calculated. On the basis of these results, the hole mobility (μh) has been found to be twice that of the electron mobility (μe). However, judging from the transient photocurrent of the pyrene crystal, μe (∼3 cm2/V. sec.) was considerably larger than μh (1.2cm2/V. sec). This discrepancy may be eliminated by the introduction of a more accurate theoretical treatment.
The Absorption Spectra of Oil-soluble Dyes Solubilized by a Polysoap and a Monosoap
Authors: Tokiwa Fumikatsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absorption spectra of several oil-soluble dyes, 1-benzeneazo-2-naphthol and three 1-nitrobenzeneazo-2-naphthols, have been measured in aqueous solutions of polysoap and monosoap and in hydrocarbons. The spectra of the above dyes in monosoap solutions are similar to those in hydrocarbons, while the spectra of dyes with a nitro group in polysoap solutions, especially the spectrum of p-nitro-BAN, are different. The differences in the solubilization behavior of the dyes in polysoap and in monosoap solutions and the ways in which the dyes are solubilized have been discussed. It has also been proposed that the loci of the solubilization in the polysoap molecule are not only the dense hydrocarbon region in the interior but also the polar region near the polymer backbone. In this case, the nitro group of the dye molecule seems to play an important role in the solubilization.
Amperometric Determinations of Metals with Chloramine T
Authors: Deshmukh G S , Eshwar M C 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An indirect procedure for the determination of V5+, Ce4+ and Cr6+ is given. Three re-ductants, viz., ascorbic acid, arsenous oxide and hydrazine have been employed for reduction of each oxidant. Iodine monochloride has been used as catalyst in the reduction of V5+ and Ce4+ by arsenous oxide. Reduction of Ce4+ with hydrazine presented certain difficulties and is not pursued at the present stage. The excess reductant in each case is determined amperometrically with chloramine T at the rotating platinum wire micro-electrode, and an impressed potential of +0.3 volt vs. S.C.E. The titrations are performed at a pH of 4.3∼4.9, using citrate-citric acid buffer. For titration of excess arsenous oxide and N2H4·H2SO4, 0.25 ml. of iodine monochloride (0.005 m) has been employed as catalyst. The procedure, which is rapid and accurate, has been employed for determination of amounts up to 1.05 mg. vanadium, 5 mg. cerium and 0.86 mg. chromium.
The Electronic Spectra and Electronic Structures of Amino-substituted Benzenes
Authors: Mataga Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic spectra and electronic structures of amino substituted benzenes have been studied by the semiempirical MO method, with the explicit inclusion of the electron repulsion.
According to the calculated results, we can interpret the difference between the spectra of various poly-substituted aminobenzenes; also, the calculated excitation energies and oscillator strengths are in satisfactory agreement with the observed values.
The relation between the present calculation and the simple Hückel MO calculation has been analyzed. Moreover, several interesting relations between the Hückel MO quantities of substituted benzenes and naphthalenes have been demonstrated and discussed.
The calculated π-moment of aniline in the ground state is in satisfactory agreement with the experimental value. Furthermore, the π-moment of aniline in the lowest excited singlet state has been calculated and compared with the experimental value obtained from the measurement of the solvent shifts of the absorption and fluorescence spectra.
The Photoreduction of Acridine in Deaerated and Aerated Alcohol Solutions. II.
Authors: Niizuma Shigeya , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photoreduction of acridine in methanol and isopropanol has been studied and the following results obtained :
1) The quantum yield for the photoreduction in the dagassed solution is, for methanol, 0.13 and, for isopropanol, 0.09. The photoreduction can take place even in an air-saturated solution with quantum yields of 0.032 for methanol) and of 0.032 (for isopropanol).
2) In case of a degassed solution, the product is acridan for both isopropanol and methanol, while in an aerated solution the product is acridan in the case of methanol and mainly diacridan in the case of isopropanol.
3) When the concentration of oxygen is of the order of that of acridine, the reaction proceeds at first at a rate equal to that of an air-saturated solution and then, from the point at which the oxygen is exhausted, the rate increases up to the value of a degassed solution.
4) The ratio of the quantities of oxygen and of acridine consumed before the break is, for methanol, about 3 and, for isopropanol, 5.3.
5) By the sensitizing action of acridine, acridan is oxidized to acridine in the presence of aldehyde (or acetone) and a small quantity of oxygen.
6) On the basis of the scheme proposed in the preceding paper and from the reaction product, some tentative discussion of the scheme has been undertaken. It seems plausible that, in the case of ethanol and methanol, AH· + RH· → AH2 + R occurs, while in the case of isopropanol, AH· + AH· → AH2 + A and RH· + RH· → take place (for a degassed solution).
The Preparation of Strictly Halide Complexes of Copper(II) and Their EPR Spectra
Authors: Mori Masayasu , Fujiwara Shizuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Some copper complexes which have only chloride ions in the coordination spheres have been prepared and their EPR spectra examined at the microwave frequency of the X-band. Most of these compounds gave single EPR lines with half-widths ranging from 110 to 220 oe; this seems to indicate the existence of superexchange interaction. Only the yellow plates of dimelammonium hexachlorocuprate-(II) showed the fine structure of an anisotropic g-tensor, from which fact the g-components were evaluated as g||=2.32 and g⊥=2.08 for this compound. The dark green color of diethylenetriammonium chlorocuprate(I, II) is probably due to the interaction of Cu+ and Cu2+ in the crystal lattices. Brown chlorocuprates with a chlorine to copper ratio of 3 : 1 are probably coordination polymers ; the EPR lines of these compounds are so broad as to cover thousands of oersteds.
Photoconductive Polymer: Its Preparation and Photoconductive Behavior
Authors: Morimoto Kazuhisa , Hayashi Yoshiki , Inami Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A photoconductive polymer, poly[1, 3-diphenyl-5-(4-vinylphenyl)-2-pyrazoline], has been synthesized from polystyrene via polyvinyl-acetophenone and polyvinylbenzalacetophenone. Under carefully controlled preparative conditions, a high degree of substitution has been obtained without its being insoluble. The photoconductive behavior of the polymer has been measured using a sandwich-type cell. The current obeyed Ohm’s law, and the value of Ip/Id was 34 or 147 depending on whether the illuminated electrode was positive or negative respectively.
The Electrical Conduction of the p-Phenylenediamine Iodine Complex
Authors: Nishizaki Shun-ichiro , Kusakawa Hideaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the case of a complex of p-phenylenediamine with iodine, a nonstoichiometrical composition has been established; the minimum values for both the magnitude and the temperature dependence of resistivity exist on the complex the coordination number of which is around 0.8. On the other hand, the maximum value of the apparent density appears in the vicinity of 1.0.
In comparison with the complex of p-phenylenediamine-iodine and that of p-phenylenediamine-chloranil, even though the redox potential of chloranil is larger than that of iodine, the resistivity and the activation energy of the p-phenylenediamine-iodine system are smaller than those of the chloranil complex.
A Spectrophotometric Study of the Metal Chelates of Resacetophenone Oxime. III. Nickel Chelate
Authors: Bhatki K S , Rane A T , Kabadi M B 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
RAPOX (resacetophenone oxime) in certain water-immiscible organic solvents is found to extract nickel from an aqueous medium as a nickel RAPOXimate complex. Cyclohexanone was found to be the best solvent for this purpose. The brilliant green-coloured solution of the complex in cyclohexanone gave a maximum absorption at 600 mμ on a Beckman spectrophotometer DU. The coloured solution obeyed Beer’s law in the lowest range—six parts per million. The extraction of this complex was quantitative in the pH range from 8 to 11.
The composition of the complex as determined by Job’s method and the slope ratio method in a two-phase system was 1 : 2 (nickel to RAPOX). The back extraction study for the metal from the complex in the organic solvent was carried out and quantitative results obtained using an aqueous solution with a pH value below four.
The Menschutkin Reaction in Liquid Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Tokura Niichiro , Kondo Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The Menschutkin reaction (reaction of methyl, ethyl or isopropyl iodide with pyridine, dimethylaniline or dimethyl-o-toluidine) has been carried out in liquid sulfur dioxide. The reaction rate has been compared with those in other commonly used solvents.
2) The reaction rate in liquid sulfur dioxide is the slowest, whereas the previously performed reactions such as the Beckmann rearrangement and the cationic polymerization in this solvent were the fastest among the solvents ordinarily used.
3) The reason for such a discrepancy has been discussed. Importance of the Bare (or unsolvated) ion or species in an ionic reaction is presented.
The Surface Activities of Bivalent Metal Alkyl Sulfates. I. On the Micelles of Some Metal Alkyl Sulfates
Authors: Satake Iwao , Iwamatsu Ichiro , Hosokawa Shizuko , Matuura Ryohei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dodecyl sulfates of bivalent nickel, cobalt, copper and magnesium were synthesized, and studies were carried out on the CMC values of these detergents, the effects of the added electrolytes on these CMC values, on micellar molecular weights, and on micellar charges. The CMC values of the detergents were independent of the kind of metal, and the CMC value of 1.2×10−3 mol./l. was obtained. The micellar aggregation numbers of bivalent metal dodecyl sulfates were of the order of 100, which is about twice that of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The dissociation degrees of the micelles were also evaluated from the conductivity data. The α values obtained were 0.66 for cobalt, 0.60 for copper and 0.42 for magnesium. The dissociation degree of the copper dodecyl sulfate micelle was also estimated to be 0.52 from the depression of the CMC value by the added electrolyte; this figure is approximately the same as the value of 0.60 obtained from the conductivity data. These results suggest that the fundamental factor responsible for determining the surface activities of bivalent metal dodecyl sulfates is the valency of the gegenion and that the kind of metal has little or no detectable effect on them.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation with Modified Raney Nickel. I. Studies on Modified Hydrogenation Catalyst. II
Authors: Izumi Yoshiharu , Imaida Masami , Fukawa Hideaki , Akabori Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Raney nickel catalyst treated with optically active glutamic acid has the property of catalyzing the hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds asymmetrically with high reproducibility and efficiency.
2. Excellent results were obtained in the hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate to optically active methyl 2-hydroxybutyrate in the presence of Raney nickel catalyst treated with l- or d-glutamic acid.
3. The capacity for asymmetric hydrogenation was strongly dependent upon the pH of the modifying solution. The highest capacity was obtained when modifying solutions were adjusted to pH 4.8∼5.5.
4. With elevation of the temperature of the modifying process, the asymmetric capacity of the catalyst decreased markedly, nearly disappearing at 60°C, and yielding products with reverse optical rotation above 80°C.
5. The asymmetric capacity was independent of the concentration of the modifying solution within the range of 6 to 0.0625%.
6. Hydrogenation in the presence of catalyst modified with d-glutamic acid yielded a product with reverse optical rotation to that obtained when l-glutamic acid was used.
7. Asymmetric yield of the reducing product of methyl acetoacetate by the catalyst treated with Glu was varied with the relative amount of the substrate and the catalyst.
The Polarographic Reduction and Electronic Structures of Organic Halides
Authors: Fukui Kenichi , Morokuma Keiji , Kato Hiroshi , Yonezawa Teijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polarographic reduction potential of haloalkanes is connected with the energy of their lowest unoccupied σ level. Moreover, the reduction products are well explained in terms of the anti-bonding nature of the carbon halogen bond of the level. The polarographic reduction potential of conjugated halides is also correlated to their lowest unoccupied σ, not π, level. It has also been suggested that, in conjugated halides, the lowest unoccupied σ level might be lower than the lowest unoccupied π level and that the π→σ* transition might be observed.
Most of the calculations have been carried out on the KDC-I digital computer of Kyoto University.
The Interpretation of Absorption Spectra of Condensed Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Using a Simple Resonance Theory. I. The Resonance Structure of the Excited State in Correlation with Platt’s Theory
Authors: Handa Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The chemical resonance structures of the excited states are assumed to correspond to the type of polarization in each state. This theory can explain the absorption energies as the difference in the empirical resonance energies between the ground and excited states by an application of Carter’s empirical equations. Imaginary charges are introduced to estimate the number of resonance structures, thus eliminating the influence of cross-linking atoms; the meaning of the resonance hybride corresponding to each levels is easily interpreted in correlation with Platt’s theory. As a result,, the individual excited state can be represented as a chemical resonance hybride consisting of a group of simple polarized structures; this theory may be said to be adequate from the view-point of absorption energies and of absorption intensities in relation to the direction of electric dipoles.