bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Asphyxia upon the Lactate, Pyruvate and Bicarbonate Concentrations of Brain Tissue and Cisternal CSF, and upon the Tissue Concentrations of Phosphocreatine and Adenine Nucleotides in Anesthetized Rats
Authors: Kaasik A. E. , Nilsson L. , Siesjö B. K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractKaasik, A. E., L. Nilsson and B. K. Siesjö. The effect of asphyxia upon the lactate, pyruvate and bicarbonate concentrations of brain tissue and cisternal CSF, and upon the tissue concentrations of phosphocreatine and adenine nucleotides in anesthetized rats. Acta physiol. scand. 1970. 78. 433–447.The effect of asphyxia upon the lactate, pyruvate and bicarbonate concentrations of brain tissue and cisternal CSF, and upon the tissue concentrations of phosphocreatine, ATP, ADP and AMP was studied in anesthetized and curarized rats, both at various times during (1, 2, 3 and 4 min) respiratory arrest, and after (1, 2, 5, 10 and 60 min) an arrest of 3 min. After 3 min of asphyxia the intracellular lactate concentration had increased to about 22 mMol/kg of i.c. water, while the calculated pHi' had decreased about 0.6 units to 6.50. At the same time almost all phosphocreatine had disappeared, and AMP had increased about tenfold, while there were clearcut, although less drastic, changes in AIP and 4DP. When the asphyxia was prolonged to 4 min the pH reduction apparently inhibited further glucolysis, and asphyxiawasa further fall in pHi'. Upon resumption of ventilation, the ATP, ADP and AMP concentrations, and the calculated cytoplasmatic NADH/NAD+ ratio, normalized within 2 min, and the phosphocreatine concentration as well as the sum of the adenine nucleotides within 5 min, while almost all excess lactate and pyruvate had disappeared within 10 min. There was a gradual and slow normalization of the calculated intracellular pHi' and the tissue was still acid 10 min after restarting the respirator. The three min period of asphyxia was associated with a rapid and marked lactacidosis in arterial blood which was normalized at 60, but not at 10 min. In the CSF, the lactacidosis developed gradually during several min, and the lactate concentration had not normalized until in the 60 min group.
Potentiation of Adrenergic Cardiovascular Effects of Two Quaternary Nicotine Analogues by Reserpine
Authors: Euler U. S. von , Persson N.‐Å. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEuler, U. S. V. and N.‐Å. Persson.Potentiation of adrenergic cardiovascular effects of two quaternary nicotine analogues by reserpine. Acta physiol. scand. 1970.78. 459–464.The quaternary nicotine analoguesiso‐monomethylnicotinium bromide (IMN) and l‐methyl‐3‐(pyrrolidinomethyl)‐pyridinium bromide (MPP) exert only weak effects on the blood pressure and heart rate of the spinalized, vagotomized and adrenalectomized cat in doses of 0.5–1 mg/kg i.v. After a dose of 0.25 mg/kg of reserpine i.v. the effect is strongly potentiated but almost abolished by desipramine. Whereas the pressor effect of nicotine is annulled by hexa‐methonium, the action of the two quaternary compounds is markedly potentiated. The effects of IMN and MPP are also enhanced by previous infusion of prenylamine 0.25 mg/min/kg. It is concluded that reserpine allows IMN and MPP to get access to noradrenaline stores through the axonal membrane and cause a release of neurotransmitter.
Interactions between Inhibitors of the Axonal Amine Pump and Bretylium in the Degeneration Release of Sympathetic Transmitter
Authors: Lundberg Dag 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLundberg, D.Interactions between inhibitors of the axonal amine pump and bretylium in the degeneration release of sympathetic transmitter. Acta physiol. scand. 1970.78. 503–521.The time course of the degeneration contraction of periorbital smooth muscles has been studied in conscious rats given different inhibitors of the axonal mine pump either alone or in combination with bretylium. Desmethylimipramine (DMI) or cocaine at 20 mg/kg did not influence the time of onset of the degeneration contraction while Lu 3–010 (10 mglkg) caused a somewhat premature start. Lu 3–010, DMI or protriptyline at 10 mg/kg but not trimipramine or cocaine at 20 mglkg antagonized bretylium. They reduced and prevented (DMI) the bretylium‐induced delay. DMI reduced the delay by a non‐competitive mechanism. The antagonism to bretylium does not seem to be explainable by simple interference with the axonal amine pump. Indirect evidence suggests that the duration of the delay induced by bretylium is related to the rate of disappearance of bretylium from critical sites in the nerve endings. –DMI and Lu 3–010 seem to have somewhat different actions on the degenerating adrenergic nerve terminals.
Rate Changes in Spontaneous Neuronal Impulse Sequences
Authors: Heino Timo A. , Hyvärinen Juhani , Sovijärvi Ansi R. A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHeino, T. A., J. Hyvarinenand A. R. A. Sovijärvi,Rate changes in spontaneous neuronal impulse sequences. Acta physiol. scand. 1970.78. 529–538.Sudden rate changes in spontaneous activity were seen in 16 cells of 373 examined under light urethane anesthesia in various diencephalic, striatal, and limbic areas of rabbits. The stochastic properties of the rate varying impulse sequences were examined with statistical techniques. In this material, the dispersion of impulse interval lenghts was a uniform function of the mean discharge rate. For a range of spontaneous activity from 1.5 to 73 imp/sec, this relation was adequately expressed by the equation s=1.42 m1.42, wheremis the mean interval in seconds and s is the standard deviation of the interval lengths in seconds. This relation held for means and standard deviations from different cells as well as for different values from the same cell. In one half of the cells, a time series analysis revealed no change in the stochastic properties of the impulse sequence at the time of the rate change. In other cells, a periodic, rhythmic activity was disclosed during slower discharge rates, but it was not present in the faster activity; or vice versa. In yet other cells, the changes in mean discharge rate were paralleled by similar changes in the frequency of the rhythm. Except for the rhythmic periodicity, all the stochastic properties examined were related to the mean frequency of firing.
The Release of Histamine, Heparin and Granule Protein from Rat Mast Cells Treated with Compound 48/80 in vitro
Authors: Fillion Gilles M. B. , Sloragh Stuart A. , Uvnäs Börje 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFillion, G. M. B., S. A. Slorachand B. Uvnäs.The release of histamine, heparin and granule protein from rat mast cells treated with compound 48/80 i n vitro. Acta physiol. scand. 1970.78. 547–560.The quantitative relationship between the release of histamine, heparin and granule protein from rat mast cells exposed to compound 48/80in vitrohas been investigated in order to clarify the mechanism of action of this releaser. A correlation was found between the three release curves. The ratio of heparin to granule protein was similar in extruded granules and granules remaining in the cell after compound 48/80 treatment. From these results we conclude that the principal mechanism of histamine release induced by this agent involves an initial extrusion of histamine‐containing granules, followed by an exchange of histamine in the granules for cations in the extracellular medium.
Facts and Artifacts in Gradient Gentrifugation Analysis of Catecholamine Granules
Authors: Lagercrantz H. , Pertoft H. , Stjärne L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLagercrantz, H., H. Pertoftand L. Stjärne.Facts and artifacts in gradient centri‐fugation analysis of catecholamine granules. Acta physiol. scand. 1970.78. 561–566.Estimates of the “true” density of catecholamine (CA) storage granules from sympathetic nerves and adrenal medulla have previously been largely based on sucrose density gradient centrifugation. In view of the danger of osmotically induced artifacts in this type of combined density and osmolarity gradient the present experiments were carried out to determine the sedimentation characteristics of different classes of CA granules in silica gradients of homogenous and adjustable tonicity. In isotonic gradients chromaffin granules were found to be of about the same density as the majority of nerve granules and mitochondria. When the gradients were deliberately made hypertonic this did not affect the sedimentation characteristics of nerve granules, but caused the chromaffin granules to equilibrate at a considerably higher density level and to separate very distinctly from the mitochondria, indicating a higher degree of osmotically induced shrinking of chromaffin granules, or alternatively a higher permeability to sucrose in these particles.
Cyclic Variation in the Secretion of Seminal Fructose in Rabbits
Authors: Degerman G. , Kihlström J. E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDegerman, G. and J. E. Kihlström. Cyclic variation in the secretion of seminal fructose in rabbits. Acta physiol. scand. 1970. 78. 567–570.A cyclic variation of the level of seminal fructose in rabbits has been demonstrated by the use of power‐spectrum‐analysis. As the production of this substance is regulated by the testicular hormones, also the activity of these hormones is supposed to vary cyclically.
The Stimulating Effect of Angiotensin and Vasopressin on Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in vitro
Authors: Levin Klas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLevin, K.The stimulating effect of angiotensin and vasopressin on adenosine triphosphatase actiuity in vitro. Acta physiol. scand. 1970.79. 37–49.The effect of angiotensin on the levels of ATPase activity in homogenates of rat kidney cortex and other tissues has been studied. With the addition of 1.7 μg of angiotensin per ml of incubation medium containing in addition 4 mM ATP, Mg++, Na+, K+, EDTA and imidazole buffer pH 7.2, a stimulation of 8.6 ± 0.5 % of the ATPase activtiy was observed. The presence of Mg++and Na+was found to be necessary for the demonstration of angiotensin stimulation. The optimal pH for the effect of angiotensin was found to be 7.2 and this was confined to very narrow limits. The degree of stimulation was greatest in fresh homogenates and this rapidly decreased on storage. Centrifugation of the homogenates indicated that the ATPase activtiy which could be stimulated by angiotensin was particle bound. A similar effect to the one produced by angiontensin was obtained with vasopressin though not with oxytocin or a number of other vasoactive substances known to effect the renal handling of sodium ions. Stimdation by angiotensin could be demonstrated in kidney cortex from mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, rat and from man, and in homogenates from a number of other tissues. It was concluded that the stimulation of ATPase by angiotensin was brought about through the same mechanisms as the stimulation produced by ouabain, and that both these phenomena are closely related to Na+‐K+ATPase. The possible physiological significance of these findings is discussed.
Osmotic Factors Determining the Release of Catecholamines from Isolated Chromaffin Cell Granules
Authors: Lishajko F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLishajko, F.Osmotic factors determining the releme of catecholamines from isolated chromaffin cell granules. Acta physiol. scand. 1970.79. 64–75.On incubation of bovine adrenal medullary granules in isotonic sucrose, KCl, NaCl or K‐phosphate, noradrenaline (NA) is initially released at a rapid rate followed by a slow exponential release. Adrenaline (A) release in the same media does not show the rapid initial phase. In hypotonic media both NA and A show a rapid initial release while in hyper‐tonic solutions both NA and A are released at a constant slow rate (t/2 = 115–185 min at 37°). Partial replacement of sucrose or dextrose media by NaCI, KCl or K‐phosphate decreases the release rate of Na and A. Addition of 6 mM Mg2+or Ca2+prevents the initial rapid fall of NA and of A in hypotonic solution. ATP‐Mg2+inhibits the release rate of catecholamines in chloride free media more than ATP or Mg2+alone. The granules were shown to shrink in the presence of divalent ions, as well as on addition of ATP or ATP‐Mg2+. During partial lysis or “osmotic shock” the granules lose slightly more A than NA. The results suggest that the NA containing granules from chromaffin cells initially possess a higher osmotic pressure than that of the A granules, possibly depending on the rate of splitting of an amine‐ATP‐complex. The release may depend partly on the ensuing osmotic equilibration process.
Salivary Glands of the Rat in a Hot Environment
Authors: Elmér Mats , Ohlin Per 
Published: December 2008

AbstractElmér, M. and P. Ohlin. Salivary glands of the rat in a hot environment. Acta physiol. scand. 1970. 79. 129–132.A marked hypertrophy of the normally innervated submaxillary gland was observed in rats subjected to heat (34°C) for 3 weeks. The increase in weight of parasympathetically de‐xiervated glands was much less while that of sympathetically denervated glands was still pronounced. The size of both synipathetically and parasympathetically denervated glands was not affected in a hot environment. It seems likely that the hypertrophy of the submaxillary gland is to a large extent secondary to an increased secretory activity elicited by the para‐sympathetic secretory fibres. A corresponding increase in weight of the sublingual gland was not seen.
The Influence of an Increased Intracranial Pressure on the Lactate, Pyruvate, Bicarbonate, Phosphocreatine, ATP, ADP and AMP Concentrations of the Cerebral Cortex of Dogs
Authors: Zwetnow Nicolaus N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn order to study effects of increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure upon brain tissue concentrations of bicarbonate, lactate, pyruvate, ATP, ADP, AMP and phosphocreatine, the metabolites were measured in cortical tissue of 37 dogs frozen in situ during and after a 15 min decrease of the cerebral perfusion pressure to 30–35 mm Hg, induced by connecting the cisterna magna to a reservoir with artificial CSF. The intracranial hypertension was found to give a variable but marked increase in tissue lactate and pyruvate, and in the lactate/pyruvate ratio, as well as a corresponding decrease in the bicarbonate concentration. Marked decreases in the ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations were also seen. Resting values for these metabolites were not approached until 30–90 min after restitution of normal perfusion pressure. Since the changes in ATP and phosphocreatine corresponded in time to the changes in the lactate, pyruvate and bicarbonate concentrations it is concluded that the decrease in the cerebral perfusion pressure gave rise to a longlasting disturbance of the oxidative metabolism, possible due to reversible structural tissue damage. Cerebral blood flow measured in 10 of the dogs showed varying decreases of cerebral blood flow during the intracranial hypertension period. Usually, hyperemia of 30–90 min duration followed when the CSF pressure was released. The hyperemia and the metabolic changes were of approximately the same duration.
The Rising Phase of the Active State in Single Skeletal Muscle Fibres of the Frog
Authors: Edman K. A. P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn approach of analyzing the initial phase of the active state in single skeletal muscle fibres of the frog has been designed. The fibre was stimulated to generate a series of four incompletely fused isometric twitches with the object of producing distinct peaks and throughs in the myo‐gram. The peaks and troughs of the records both represent the tension output when the contractile unit was stationary. The tension recorded at these instances therefore provided an adequate measure of the intensity of the active state at respective times after the stimulus. By releasing the fibre at different moments during the third cycle it was possible to define 1. the decay phase of the active state in the third cycle and 2. a substantial portion of the rising phase of the active state in the fourth cycle. It was found that the active state underwent a very rapid increase starting at 12 msec after the stimulus (at 1–2° C). Only 3–4 msec were required for the active state to rise from 25 to 65 per cent of its peak value. The rate of rise of the active state was independent of the sarcomere length (between 2.8 μ and 2.0 μ) and of the degree of activity existing in the fibre when the fourth stimulus was applied. The implications of the results with respect to the kinetics of the calcium‐activator mechanism in the excitation‐contraction coupling are discussed.
Studies on Kinin Formation in Functional Vasodilatation of the Submandibular Salivary Gland in Cats
Authors: Gautvik Kaare 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe submandibular salivary gland in cats has been perfused undcr conditions of constant volume inflow with red blood cells suspended in normal cat plasma. Such a method is favourable for studying the time course of changes in glandular vascular resistance. A 30 sec supra‐maximal stimulation of the chordo‐lingual nerve caused the vascular resistance to fall markedly within 1–6 sec. When the nerve stimulation was finished, a further decrease in perfusion pressure was usually observcd, whereafter a slow increase in vascular resistance took place.The rapidity with which the vascular response occurred indicates an initial direct action of true vasodilator nerve fibres.The second phase of the vasodilatation, outlasting the chorda stimulation itself, is claimed to be mediated by kinin formation in the activated gland:a) When the gland was perfused with normal cat plasma, so that resting perfusion pressure was low (under 55 mm Hg), then the vasodilator response to chorda stimulation changed, developing gradually and outlasting the nerve stimulation.b) Reduction of kininogen 2 in the plasma perfusate resulted then in a reduced vasodilator response to chorda stimulation.c) With no kininogen 2 in the cell‐free perfusate, stimulation of the chordo‐lingual nerve caused only a very small vasodilatation or no vasodilatation at all.d) Addition of partly purified kininogen 2 to such perfusate did then restore the chorda‐induced vasodilatation.
The Interaction of Two Different Vasodilator Mechanisms in the Chorda‐Tympani Activated Submandibular Salivary Gland
Authors: Gautvik Kaare 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe vasodilatation caused by stimulation of the chordo‐lingual nerve has been studied in the cat submandibular salivary gland perfused under conditions of constant volume inflow, at a rate equal to the flow existing in the resting organ.When a perfusate of red cells suspended in normal plasma was used at perfusion pressures of 55–120 mm Hg, a typical two‐phasic and long‐lasting vasodilatation was observed as a response to nerve stimulation. This vasodilator pattern was maintained when repeated nerve stimulations were carried out during a single perfusion period. Wlien the gland was perfused continuously with red cells suspended in a kininogen‐free solution then one of two different response patterns could be seen, When a low perfusion pressure prevailed (below 55 mm Hg), then the chorda‐mediated vasodilatation was reduced or abolished on repeated nerve stimulation. At conditions with a higher perfusion pressure (60–120 mm Hg) there developed on chorda stimulation a one‐phasic, short‐lasting vasodilatation, which was not reduced on repeated stimulations.In another series of experiments the kinin‐destroying activity of a perfusate of red cells in normal plasma was increased by addition of carboxypeptidase‐B. Chorda stimulation then caused a short‐lasting vasodilatation of the type seen when a red cell perfusate containing no kininogen was used.It is concluded from these findings that functional vasodilatation in the submandibular salivary gland is probably initiated by the effect of vasodilator nerve fibres and supported and maintained by the action of kinins formed in the activated gland.
Effect of Age on the Collagen Content of the Normal Rat Myocardium
Authors: von Knorring Johan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe development of the collagenous tissue in the myocardium was studied in rats aged one day to 18 months. During the first three weeks a rapid exponential increase of both the heart weight and the total amount of myocardial hydroxyproline occurred, although the concentration of total and insoluble hydroxyproline as estimated per mg of dry tissue showed no significant change. Thereafter the growth rates of the heart weight and total and insoluble hydroxyproline fell with increasing age. The growth rate of total hydroxyproline fell more slowly, however, and a slight increase in the content of total and insoluble hydroxyproline per dry tissue was noted with increasing age. The proportion of neutral salt‐soluble collagen hydroxyproline in the myocardium dropped from an initial value of 30 per cent of the total hydroxyproline in newborn rats to 10 per cent at the age of three weeks. After this the proportion of soluble hydroxyproline remained almost unchanged. At the same time the proportion of free hydroxyproline dropped from 25 per cent of the total hydroxyproline in newborn rats to 1.3 per cent at the age of 6 months. The results seem to suggest that during the postnatal period insoluble mature collagen develops rapidly, and therefore with increasing age constitutes a slowly rising proportion of the myocardial collagenous framework. This seems to be a response to the functional demand on the growing heart for increased tensile strength.
The Effect of Amiloride on Sodium Transport in the Normal and Moulting Frog Skin
Authors: Nielsen Robert , Tomilson R. W. S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt is shown that amiloride is a potent inhibitor for the active sodium transport across tht‐isolated frog skin. The percentage inhibition produced by various amiloride concentrations was not dependent on the initial short‐circuit current but rather on the phase of the moulting cycle at which the skin was tested.
Metabolic Actions in Intestinal Smooth Muscle Associated with Relaxation Mediated by Adrenergic α‐ and β‐Receptors
Authors: Andersson Rolf , Mohme‐Lundholm Ella 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn colonic muscle from the rabbit a relaxing effect was induced by stimulation both of adrenergic α‐receptors with phenylephrine and of β‐receptors with isoprenaline. The α‐receptor induced relaxation was not accompanied initially by any metabolic effects. After a latency period of 3 min did a decrease in the phosphorylase α activity, a decrease in the concentrations of hexose phosphates and lactate and an increase in the concentration of high‐energy phosphate compounds (ATP and CrP) become evident. There was a decrease of the cyclic AMP content. These effects were inhibited by dibenamine. The relaxation induced via adrenergic β‐receptors was preceded by an increase in the cyclic AMP content and the phosphorylase α activity, an increase in the concentration of hexose phosphates and lactate and an initial decrease of the ATP and CrP concentrations, which after 10 min was succeeded by an increase. The magnitudes of the relaxing and metabolic responses following stimulation of preceptors were correlated with regard to time and dose. These responses were blocked by an adrenergic β‐receptor blocking agent (sotalol) and were also eliminated in carbohydrate‐poor muscle. The relaxing and metabolic effects of isoprenaline could be reproduced completely by cyclic AMP, only incompletely by 5'AMP and not at all by other tested cyclic nucleotides.