bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book Reviews : High Stakes Performance Assessment: Perspectives on Kentucky's Educational Reform, edited by Thomas R. Guskey. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 1994, 101 pp
Authors: Culver Steven M. 
Published: March 2007

Books applicable to the broadfield of program evaluation are reviewed. Books may be reviewed singly or in groups to illuminate similarities and differences. in intent, philosophy, and usefulness. Persons with suggestions of books to be reviewed or those who wish to submit a review should contact Perry Sailor ( Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-2810; phone: 801-797-0090 or e-mail: perrys@cpd2.usu.edu) for specific instructions. In general, a review of an individual book should not exceed four double-spaced typewritten pages; groups of books may require additional lengths. In the past, EP policy has been to commission a single review for each book. That will continue to be the practice for most books, but in the future two reviews will be commissioned for books judged by the Editor and/or Book Review Editor to be major works in evaluation. Such major evaluation books would include evaluation texts, edited books of evaluation readings, or other books dedicated solely to extending evaluation theory or practice. Conversely, books that focus on methods or techniques shared by evaluation and other disciplines or professions ( e.g., statistics; measurement; observation methods) will receive a single review.
Children's nursing students' choice of role models
Authors: Pfeil Michael 
Published: March 2007

■ Twenty common foundation programme students and 11 child branch students completed questionnaires investigating their views about role models ■ Learning from role models was connected with support, socialisation and learning about clinical and managerial skills ■ Students expected their teachers to be, first and foremost, experienced clinical nurses ■ Nurse teachers were heavily criticised for their absence from the clinical area ■ Staff nurses were viewed as the principal role models for aspects of professional socialisation and practical skills, and sisters/charge nurses for managerial skills ■ Students were seen as role models in terms of mutual support (primarily CFP) and in complementing each others' skills and knowledge (primarily branch)
Determination of Stress in Biaxially Strained, Free Standing Films
Authors: Geldermans Pieter , Feger Claudius 
Published: March 2007

A simple but versatile technique, the double ring technique, was developed to introduce biaxial strain in free standing films permitting the observation of films with pre-determined levels of biaxial stress under a variety of environmental conditions for both short and long durations. The method also permits the observation of films while the strain is being increased, which is of particular interest when defects are present. Furthermore, a method was developed to measure the stress in free standing films by observing the load versus displacement relationship under a centrally placed load. This allows measurements of stress relaxation and stress reduc tion or increase with solvent or water up-take, etc. The usefulness of the two methods is illustrated by measurements of long-term crack propagation, of stress relaxation by thermal annealing, and by stress measurements on films under a layer of water.
Obtaining Paired Comparisons Data from Multiple Rank Orders Using Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs
Authors: Straton Ralph G. 
Published: March 2007

Complete paired comparisons data was obtained by the method of multiple rank order (MRO) in the context of gathering rank order preferences of grade six students, their parents, and their teachers for instructional objectives. Partially balanced incomplete block designs with two associate classes were used in the M RO instruments instead of the usual balanced incomplete block designs. The use of partially balanced designs may yield several benefits to a researcher including a reduction in the number of blocks of stimuli to be ranked, a measure of the internal consistency of subject's choices, and a concentration of experimental effort upon comparisons of the most critical stimulus pairs. The benefits and the associated costs of using these designs are discussed in the light of the data obtained in the study. It is recommended that whenever rank orders or paired comparisons data is called for in a study that serious consideration be given to the use of the MRO method. Furthermore, it is suggested that the overall purposes of a study may best be served by the use of a partially balanced rather than a balanced incomplete block design in the MRO method.
Construct and Predictive Validity of the California Entry Level Test
Authors: Shepard Lorrie 
Published: March 2007

The Entry Level Test (ELT) (California State Department of Education, 1974) is administered to all first grade pupils in California as part of the state assessment program. ELT means are used with demographic variables to predict differences among schools and districts on subsequent reading achievement tests. Factor analyses based on a one-percent random sample of all first grade children (n = 3010) resulted in distinct factors for each of the subtests, Immediate Recall, Letter Recognition, Auditory Discrimination, Visual Discrimination, and Language Development. Two ethnic group factors were also identified that shared no substantial loadings with any of the test variables. Evidence of convergent validity for the ELT subtests was obtamed from multitrait-multimethod matrices with four other prereading and reading tests. Discriminant validity was weak for all subtests except Auditory Discrimination because of the extreme easiness of the ELT. Simple correlations between the ELT and the Reading Test Second and Third Grades (California State Department of Education, 1976a) at the school and district levels were on the order of 80. When combined with other background factors such as an index of pupil socio-economic status (SES) in multiple regression analyses 70% of the variance in means was explained The validity of the ELT was very high for its intended predictive purpose, especially when one considers that it is a very short and easy test
The Effect of Snow on Urban Density Patterns in the United States
Authors: Guterbock Thomas M. 
Published: March 2007

It is well known that the metropolitan areas of the American heartland generally exhibit a more spatially concentrated population distribution than do the cities of the Sunbelt. Social scientists have generally attributed this difference to social and historical factors related to city age (i.e., to variation in the timing of cities' growth, and to related differences in their economic and social characteristics). This article seeks to establish the direct explanatory importance of climate itself in determining the population concentration of cities. The data are from Guterbock and Edmonston's Metropolitan Deconcentration Project, and pertain to a large sample of monocentric 1970 Urbanized Areas (UAs) of the United States. Population concentration is measured by the Density Distribution Index (DDI), a size-independent measure based on the parameters of an estimated negative exponential density pattern for each UA. It is shown that regional differences in urban concentration cannot be adequately explained away by the city age variable. Average annual snowfall is strongly correlated with DDI, and this loglinear relationship remains strong in multivariate regressions that control for city age, growth timing, geographic shape, population size, median family income, and racial composition. The intervening effect of automobile ownership is elucidated in a path model that shows both a direct and an indirect effect of snowfall on DDI. Theoretical links between climate and urban form are discussed, and some reasons are proposed for the conspicuous omission of climate from previous research on urban concentration.
Thermal and Thermoelastic Properties of Isotropic Composites
Authors: Budiansky Bernard 
Published: March 2007

The results of theoretical estimates are given for several thermal and thermoelastic constants of macroscopically isotropic composite materials. The composites considered consist of random mixtures of N isotropic constituents, at least ( N — 1) of which are presumed to be distributed in a particulate fashion, with the particles roughly spherical in shape. The results are based on "self-consistent" calcula tions, details of which are given in appendices. Equations (some of which are old, but are repeated for con venience) are given for the following quantities: elastic constants, thermal expansion coefficients, heat capacities (at constant volume and constant pressure), thermal conductivity, and, finally, Gruneisen and related constants.
Graphite Fiber Reinforced Sn-Pb Investment Castings
Authors: Miyase A. , Piekarski K. 
Published: March 2007

Investment casting technique was applied to produce tensile test spec imens of graphite fiber reinforced Sn-Pb alloy. To assure good wetting characteristics of the fibers by the liquid metal, they were electroplated with copper. Depending on the pouring conditions (controls of tempera tures and centrifuging force) several types of bonding between the fibers and the matrix were observed: a) No bond between copper-plated fibers and the matrix, b) Mechanical contact between the copper coating and the matrix, c) Formation of the intermetallic phases between copper and Sn-Pb alloy, and d) Dissolution of copper coating and direct contact between the fibers and the matrix. Tensile testing of specimens revealed direct dependence of the effi ciency of the reinforcement on the type of the interface formed between the fibers and the matrix. Optimum conditions existed when the electro plated copper had reacted with the Sn-Pb alloy, forming intermetallic phases.
Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure on In-Plane Shear Properties of Graphite/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Shin E.S. , Pae K.D. 
Published: March 2007

In order to determine effects of the fiber orientation on the pressure de pendent in-plane shear properties of continuous graphite fiber reinforced composites, mandrel-wrapped tubes are tested in torsion in the specially designed high pressure torsion test apparatus that is capable of containing pressure up to 7 Kbar. The shear properties that are determined include the in-plane shear modulus, shear yield strength and fracture strengths (maximum stress), and the strain to fracture as a function of hydrostatic pressure and fiber orientation. These results are then compared with those of the epoxy resin matrix without fibers and (0°) composite samples also tested under hydrostatic pressure. In all cases, the shear properties increase with increasing pressure but in different rates depending on the fiber orientation. The increase in the strengths and the toughness is manifested in the change in the modes of fracture. Visual and SEM examination are made to study fracture surface morphology and possible frac ture mechanisms.
The Effect of Thermal Processing on Residual Strain Development in Unidirectional Graphite Fibre Reinforced PEEK
Authors: Unger W.J. , Hansen J.S. 
Published: March 2007

The effect of annealing on residual strain development in amorphous graphite fibre reinforced PEEK (APC-2) is studied experimentally. A method is presented for embedding strain gauges in a unidirectional laminate at the time of manufacture and then quenching the laminate into the amorphous state. With this method, thermal and crys tallization strains are measured directly during quasi-isothermal heating of the laminate. Both longitudinal and transverse lamina strains resulting from contraction during crystallization are measured. Longitudinal crystallization strains are found to be negligible due to fibre stiffness. Transverse contraction due to crystallization is large and increases with anneal temperature. A coefficient of crystalline expansion (CCE) is defined which is analogous to the CTE. This coefficient describes the permanent crystallization strain as a function of anneal tem perature and is determined experimentally.
Meditation and the Dying Process
Authors: Boerstler Richard W. 
Published: March 2007

Ancient traditions have employed powerful meditative practices at the time of death. This article explores one of these practices originating in Tibetan medicine, which relied upon specially trained practitioners in the science of consciousness. The goal is to maintain "clear mind and peaceful heart," which is accomplished by sharing a meditational breathing technique that brings about a deep state of relaxation. Studies in autonomic nervous system response and in the physiology of pain indicate that stress reduction is becoming a necessary modality in modern health care. I describe a breathing and meditative procedure called comeditation to deal with anxieties and stress associated with life-threatening illness. This method involves no religious belief system and brings some of the psychological and physiological effects of the meditative state to patients who have never meditated. The meditative practices described in this article were transmitted through the Clear Light Society, Boston, Massachusetts (Patricia Shelton Harvey, executive director). I offer these techniques to deal with the pain and anxiety that may flood one's consciousness during a life-threatening illness. The methods can be used by anyone, sick or healthy, who wants to center their spinning mind and achieve serenity. Let your life lightly dance on the edges of time like dew on the tip of a leaf. -Rabindranath Tagore THE WAY THINGS ARE The Way has neither Beginning nor End. But in the course of this eternal and circular flow, individual beings die and are born. The perfection of these ever-flowing beings cannot be relied upon (and is not an absolute perfection). Empty now, full at the next moment, nothing remains in one state even for a moment. The years cannot be kept back; time cannot be stopped. Now decaying, then alive; now replete, then empty; ending is immediately followed by a beginning. Such is the interminable flow of all things. The life of existence in this world of things is like a horse galloping and rushing along. With every movement they change; at every moment they shift. What could you at all do (against this universal change of things)? Whatever you may do, everything will go on naturally transforming itself. -Adapted from Chuang Tzu, Inner Chapters XVII
Holocaust Perpetrators and Their Children
Authors: (Bruno) Bar-On Dan 
Published: March 2007

This study attempts to trace evidence of a suppressed moral conflict in perpetrators of the extermination process during the Third Reich and in perpetrators' children. The questions raised are (a) was there a suppressed conflict of morality in the perpetrators concerning their roles in the Holocaust and did such a conflict surface toward the end of their lives, and (b) did the silence around the parents'perpetrating roles affect the development of an independent "moral" self in the children? Twenty-five Protestant and Catholic priests and 29 physicians, nurses, psychiatrists, and psychotherapists were asked about contacts with perpetrators in their relatively secure confessional settings. Only one priest reported a direct encounter with a perpetrator, who confessed his atrocious activities before his death. A physician and a psychiatrist reported hearing similar stories. Evidence shows that some perpetrators allowed a single memory of their experiences in the extermination process to penetrate what they had suppressed. By that memory, they maintained an illusion of their moral selves and were able to prevent full acknowledgment of what they had done or witnessed from threatening their psychological integrity. Also, 30 children of identified perpetrators and 18 children of likely perpetrators (S.S. members who were on duty when and where the extermination process took place) were interviewed in various locations in Germany between September 1985 and October 1987. Most psychological reactions of perpetrator-parents reported by their children can be defined as a "reduction to normality." The difficulty in finding more evidence of the paradoxical conflict of morality in Holocaust perpetrators is attributed, among other reasons, to the "double-wall" phenomenon: perpetrators did not want to disclose their inner conflicts, and others-their children, the potential confessors, and maybe most of us-did not want to know about it. "Why should a wretched man, guilty, we will say, of murder, prefer to keep the dead corpse buried in its own heart...! "Yet some men bury their secrets thus," observed the calm physician. "True; there are such men," answered Mr. Dimmesdale. "But, not to suggest more obvious reasons, it may be that they are kept silent by... their nature. Or,-can we not suppose it?-guilty as they may be... they shrink from displaying themselves... because... no evil of the past [can] be redeemed by better service. So, their own unutterable torment, they go about... looking pure as new-fallen snow while their hearts are all speckled and spotted with iniquity of which they cannot rid themselves." "These men deceive themselves," said Roger Chillingworth.... "They fear to take up the shame that rightfully belongs to them...." (Hawthorne [1874], pp. 159-160) It is true that we often translate our egoistic motivations into more "acceptable" utilitarian ones. It may be that the process of developing moral maturity is simultaneous with overcoming such self-deception. (Boyce & Jensen [1978], p. 218)
Humanistic Psychology and Intellectual Identity
Authors: Nicholson Ian 
Published: March 2007

This article examines the relationship between Gordon Allport and humanistic psychology. Allport was an important figure in the early history of humanistic psychology. His work in personality psychology contributed to the movement's theoretical base and his organizational efforts helped give humanistic psychology an institutional structure. Despite these contributions, however, it would be a mistake to categorize him primarily as a humanistic psychologist. The term does not capture the philosophical and religious nuances of his thought, nor is it consistent with Allport's academic strategy. He is more accurately characterized as an "eclectic" or "open" theorist. Rubricizing [is] a cheap form of cognizing, i.e., really a form of notcognizing, a quick, easy cataloguing whose function is to make unnecessary the effort required by more careful, idiographic perceiving or thinking. (Maslow, 1968, p. 126)
The Healing Word: Its Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Szasz Thomas 
Published: March 2007

After presenting a brief review of the history of helping people solely by language (listening and speaking), the author reemphasizes the intrinsically verbal, noncoercive nature of the cure of souls (and of psychoanalysis as a model of psychotherapy); the intrinsically non-verbal, voluntary nature of the cure of bodies (medical treatment); and the intrinsically physical-and-verbal, coercive nature of the cure of minds (psychiatric treatment). Commingling and confusing these distinct enterprises and the accompanying emphasis on diagnosis and treatment have destroyed the cultural and legal conditions required for the practice of purely verbal, noncoercive helping (psychotherapy). Psychoanalysis is, in toto, a language art, a language praxis. There can be neither mute patients nor deaf analysts. Psychoanalysis is as immediate to word and syntax as mining is to the earth. (Steiner, 1989, p. 107)
'In the Long Run ...': Australian Colonial Labour Policy in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea
Authors: Hess Michael 
Published: March 2007

The basic dilemma in Australian colonial labour policy in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea can best be stated as a question: How could the Administration create the workforce it needed and yet control it? At first the creation of an indigenous workforce was the primary object of labour policy. After 1945 the emphasis gradually shifted to one of control. Finally in the early 1960s as part of this effort to control the growing indigenous working class the Administration legislated a modern industrial relations system. These developments are discussed chronologically with emphasis on the basic con tinuity of colonial policy. It is argued that this policy was not simply paternalistic, as various commentators have suggested, but that it aimed quite consciously to lay the foundations of capitalism in Melanesia. Labour policy had a particular role to play in this task in creating the workforce needed to fructify foreign capital and in con trolling it in the interests of that capital.
Delinquency as a Function of Intrafamily Relationships
Authors: Venezia Peter S. 
Published: March 2007

Observation of delinquent boys in a treatment setting sug gested that they were characterized by premature autonomy, attitudinal distance from the family, and lack of factual knowledge about family members. The more outstanding were these manifestations of emancipation from the family and parental authority, the greater appeared to be the boy's commitment to delinquent values and the less his response to treatment. These observations indicated that a measure of family knowledge might be an efficient indicator of commitment to delinquency and of potential for treatment. A Family Information Test (FIT) containing thirty-two factual questions about family members was empirically developed and administered to 312 experimental subjects and one hundred controls. It revealed the following: 1. Delinquent boys possessed significantly less family informa tion than the nondelinquent controls. 2. Sixteen nondelinquent brothers of experimental subjects possessed significantly more family information than the latter and significantly less than sixteen matched nondelinquent non- siblings. 3. Of all the variables studied, FIT scores, Delinquency Classifications, and Treatment Prognoses demonstrated the highest correlations with Treatment Outcome. 4. The equivalence of the above correlations indicated that FIT scores were acceptable substitutes for the expert ratings of delinquent boys by treatment personnel. 5. The FIT reliability of .75 was established by the split-half method. 6. The FIT's validity was tentatively established on the basis of (a) independent evidence of objective factors associated with delinquency and (b) significant results from Criterion Measure predictions independently made from one half of the experimen tal group to the other.
Assaultive Youth: An Exploratory Study of the Assaultive Experience and Assaultive Potential of California Youth Authority Wards
Authors: Wenk Ernst A. , Emrich Robert L. 
Published: March 2007

All 1964-1965 California Youth Authority admissions to the Reception Guidance Center, Deuel Vocational Institution, form the study population for this research. A variety of data was utilized to explore relationships within the sample to simple recidivism on parole and to violent recidivism on parole in par ticular. Using a selection of relevant variables, three independent statistical approaches were carried out. They resulted in a linear predictive index and an effort to develop a prediction equation through a linear regression analysis. The methods employed and the results obtained are discussed. The authors suggest that efforts to better classify and define violence should be coupled with efforts to develop assessment techniques that are specifically designed to shed light on violence- proneness inpersons. Such research efforts should be continued in addition to or in conjunction with much needed research efforts aimed at modifying violence producingsituations. Such a two- pronged research strategy would acknowledge the interactional characteristic of violence and allow for the hypothesis that both persons and their characteristics, and situations and their charac teristics, contribute to the occurrence or non-occurrence of violence.