bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and Docetaxel Compared With Gemcitabine Alone in Patients With Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Results of Sarcoma Alliance for Research Through Collaboration Study 002
Authors: Maki Robert G. , Wathen J. Kyle , Patel Shreyaskumar R. , Priebat Dennis A. , Okuno Scott H. , Samuels Brian , Fanucchi Michael , Harmon David C. , Schuetze Scott M. , Reinke Denise , Thall Peter F. , Benjamin Robert S. , Baker Laurence H. , Hensley Martee L. 
Published: June 2007

Purpose Gemcitabine as a single agent and the combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel have activity in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. To determine if the addition of docetaxel to gemcitabine improved clinical outcome of patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcomas, we compared a fixed dose rate infusion of gemcitabine versus a lower dose of gemcitabine with docetaxel. Patients and Methods In this open-label phase II clinical trial, the primary end point was tumor response, defined as complete or partial response or stable disease lasting at least 24 weeks. A Bayesian adaptive randomization procedure was used to produce an imbalance in the randomization in favor of the superior treatment, accounting for treatment-subgroup interactions. Results One hundred nineteen of 122 randomly assigned patients had assessable outcomes. The adaptive randomization assigned 73 patients (60%) to gemcitabine-docetaxel and 49 patients (40%) to gemcitabine alone, indicating gemcitabine-docetaxel was superior. The objective Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors response rates were 16% (gemcitabine-docetaxel) and 8% (gemcitabine). Given the data, the posterior probabilities that gemcitabine-docetaxel was superior for progression-free and overall survival were 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 6.2 months for gemcitabine-docetaxel and 3.0 months for gemcitabine alone; median overall survival was 17.9 months for gemcitabine-docetaxel and 11.5 months for gemcitabine. The posterior probability that patients receiving gemcitabine-docetaxel had a shorter time to discontinuation for toxicity compared with gemcitabine alone was .999. Conclusion Gemcitabine-docetaxel yielded superior progression-free and overall survival to gemcitabine alone, but with increased toxicity. Adaptive randomization is an effective method to reduce the number of patients receiving inferior therapy.
Intermittent hypoxia in eggs ofAmbystoma maculatum: embryonic development and egg capsule conductance
Authors: Valls J. Hunter , Mills Nathan E. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThe spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum breeds in shallow freshwater pools and imbeds its eggs within a common outer jelly matrix that can limit oxygen availability. The eggs are impregnated with the unicellular alga Oophilia amblystomatis, which produces oxygen during the day but consumes oxygen at night. This daily cycle of algal oxygen production drives a diurnal fluctuation of oxygen partial pressure(PO2) within the eggs, the magnitude of which depends on the distance of an egg from the exterior of the jelly matrix and on the ambient PO2 of the pond. We subjected A. maculatum eggs to fluctuating oxygen levels with a variable minimum PO2 and an invariable maximum, to simulate natural conditions, and measured differences in developmental rate,day and stage at hatching, and egg capsule conductance(GO2). Lower minimum PO2 slowed development and resulted in delayed,yet developmentally premature hatching. GO2increased in all treatments throughout development, but PO2 had no detectable effect on the increase. Intermittent hypoxia caused comparable but less pronounced developmental delays than chronic hypoxia and failed to elicit the measurable change in GO2 seen in ambystomatid salamander eggs exposed to chronic hypoxia.
Cardiac remodelling in rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykissWalbaum in response to phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia
Authors: Simonot Danielle L. , Farrell Anthony P. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYWe examined the nature, extent and timing of cardiac ventricular remodelling in response to chronic, chemically induced anaemia in warm- and cold-acclimated rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Chronic anaemia was induced by bi-weekly injections of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHZ) and resulted in transient but large decreases in haematocrit (Hct) and haemoglobin concentration. After 2 weeks of anaemia, relative ventricular mass(rMV) in warm-acclimated rainbow trout had already increased significantly and, by the eighth week of anaemia,rMV was 58% greater than in the sham-injected control fish. Temperature modulated the anaemia-induced ventricular remodelling and erythropoietic responses, as indicated by cold-acclimation reducing the extent of the cardiac remodelling and slowing erythropoietic recovery. For example,in cold-acclimated fish, PHZ reduced Hct to 8.8±1.9% (ranging from 4–16%) and increased rMV by 15% over a 4-week period, whereas the same treatment in warm-acclimated fish reduced Hct to only 17.4±2.1% (ranging from 6–29%) and yet increased rMV by 28%. Cold-acclimated fish also recovered more slowly from anaemia. In addition, warm-acclimated fish maintained compact myocardium between 32% and 37% during anaemia, while cold-acclimated fish responded with an increase in compact myocardium (from 29% to 37%). Routine cardiac output (Q̇) was continuously monitored following a single PHZ injection to examine the initial cardiac response to anaemia. Contrary to expectations, acute anaemia did not produce an immediate, proportionate increase in routine Q̇. In fact, Q̇ did not increase significantly until Hct had decreased to 10%, suggesting that rainbow trout may initially rely on venous oxygen stores to compensate for a reduced arterial oxygen-carrying capacity. Thus, we conclude that myocardial oxygenation, acclimation temperature and cardiac work load could all influence anaemia-induced cardiac remodelling in rainbow trout.
Properties and possible function of a hyperpolarisation-activated chloride current in Drosophila
Authors: Rose Uwe , Derst Christian , Wanischeck Mario , Marinc Christiane , Walther Christian 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY
A chloride current, ICl,H, slowly activating on hyperpolarisation was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster larval muscles using the two-electrode voltage clamp. Sizeable currents were observed after the intracellular chloride concentration([Cl–]i) had been elevated by diffusion of Cl– from the electrodes. The time course of ICl,H was rather variable and required two exponentials to be accurately described. The reversal potential, –40 to –20 mV in Cl–-loaded fires, shifted on lowering external[Cl–] in the positive direction. Steady-state activation of ICl,H was characterised by V0.5 of≈–120 mV and a slope factor, k, of ≈10 mV at a[Cl–]i ≈35 mmol l–1. Raising[Cl–]i to ≈50 mmol l–1 caused a negative shift of V0.5 equivalent to the change of ECl and led to a nearly threefold increase in maximal steady-state conductance. ICl,H was resistant to 10 mmol l–1 Zn2+ and 1 mmol l–1Cd2+ but was greatly reduced by 1 mmol l–19-anthracenecarboxylic acid (9-AC). ICl,H was affected by changes of extracellular pH and increased on lowering extracellular osmolality. 9-AC also decreased muscle fibre resting conductance by approximately 20% and increased muscle contractions. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis confirmed the expression of all three ClC genes in muscle, and immunohistochemistry indicated location of Drosophila melanogaster chloride channel-2(DmClC-2) at the Z-lines. We conclude that DmClC-2 accounts for the channels underlying ICl,H, and in part for the resting chloride conductance. DmClC-2 may serve general homeostatic mechanisms such as pH- and osmo-regulation or may support muscle function on high motor activity or during a particular neurohormonal state of the animal.
Development and Clinical Utility of a 21-Gene Recurrence Score Prognostic Assay in Patients with Early Breast Cancer Treated with Tamoxifen
Authors: Paik Soonmyung 
Published: June 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: List the strengths and limitations of the recurrence score and discuss how the TAILORx trial is trying to further the utility of the recurrence score.Describe the need for robust prognostic factors for estrogen receptor–positive and node-negative breast cancer treated with tamoxifen.Discuss the basic statistical requirements in prognostic marker development.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Improved Insight into Resistance Mechanisms to Imatinib in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Basis for Novel Approaches and Individualization of Treatment
Authors: Sleijfer Stefan , Wiemer Erik , Seynaeve Caroline , Verweij Jaap 
Published: June 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the most important resistance mechanisms to imatinib that are responsible for early and late progression.Discuss the most important systemic treatment options for managing progressive disease under imatinib treatment.Explain how insight into mechanisms conferring sensitivity to imatinib may be used to individualize treatment of patients presenting with GIST.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Prediction of the Responsiveness to Treatment with Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Factors: A Prospective Clinical Study in Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: Steinmetz Tilman , Hellmich Martin , Neise Michael , Aldaud Ali , Lerchenmüller Christian , Tsamaloukas Antonis , Fandel Francoise , Weiligmann Christoph , Totzke Uwe , Schmitz Stephan 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Objective.
Treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating factors (ESFs) can ameliorate anemia associated with cancer and chemotherapy. However, half of anemic cancer patients do not respond even to high doses. To determine factors that are predictive of a treatment response, a multicenter, prospective study was performed.

Patients and Methods.
Investigated factors were baseline erythropoietin, reticulocytes and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) after 2 weeks, and reticulocytes and hemoglobin after 4 weeks. Anemic patients with solid tumors received 150 μg/week of darbepoetin concomitantly with chemotherapy. The dose was doubled if hemoglobin did not increase by &gt;1 g/dl after 4 weeks. Patients were considered responders if hemoglobin increased by ≥2 g/dl or reached a level ≥12 g/dl within 8–12 weeks.

Results.
In total, 196 patients were enrolled; 61% of the intention-to-treat (ITT) and 68% of the per-protocol population were responders. In the ITT population, the hemoglobin increase after 4 weeks indicated an 11-fold higher chance of response (odds ratio, 11.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.1–23.6; sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 60%). In a multiple logistic regression model including all factors, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.71–0.84). The combination of sTfR after 2 weeks and hemoglobin after 4 weeks was as predictive as the combination of all five tested factors.

Conclusion.
So far, an early hemoglobin increase remains the single most predictive factor for response to ESF treatment. In contrast to anemic patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies, serum erythropoietin had little predictive value in patients with solid tumors.
Intimate Partner Violence and Cigarette Smoking: Association Between Smoking Risk and Psychological Abuse With and Without Co-Occurrence of Physical and Sexual Abuse
Authors: Jun Hee-Jin , Rich-Edwards Janet W. , Boynton-Jarrett Renée , Wright Rosalind J. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives. We examined the association between psychological abuse in a current relationship and current cigarette smoking among women, with and without the co-occurrence of physical or sexual abuse. Methods. Women’s experience of psychological abuse, experience of physical or sexual abuse, and smoking status were ascertained through a survey of female nurses. A score of 20 or more on the Women’s Experience With Battering scale defined psychological abuse. We used logistic regression to predict current smoking, adjusting for demographic and social covariates. Analyses included women in a current relationship (n=54200). Results. Adjusted analyses demonstrated that women experiencing only psychological abuse alone were 33% (95% confidence interval [CI]=13%, 57%) more likely to smoke than nonabused women. Compared with nonabused women, psychologically abused women’s risk of smoking was greater if they reported a single co-occurrence of physical or sexual abuse (odds ratio [OR]=1.5; 95% CI=1.3, 1.8) or multiple co-occurrences (OR=1.9; 95% CI=1.7, 2.3). Conclusions. Psychological abuse in a current relationship was associated with an increased risk of smoking in this cohort of largely White, well-educated, and employed women. The co-occurrence of physical or sexual abuse enhanced that risk. Further research is needed to see if these associations hold for other groups.
Educational Disparities in Rates of Smoking Among Diabetic Adults: The Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes Study
Authors: Karter Andrew J. , Stevens Mark R. , Gregg Edward W. , Brown Arleen F. , Tseng Chien-Wen , Marrero David G. , Duru O. Kenrik , Gary Tiffany L. , Piette John D. , Waitzfelder Beth , Herman William H. , Beckles Gloria L. , Safford Monika M. , Ettner Susan L. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives. We assessed educational disparities in smoking rates among adults with diabetes in managed care settings. Methods. We used a cross-sectional, survey-based (2002–2003) observational study among 6538 diabetic patients older than 25 years across multiple managed care health plans and states. For smoking at each level of self-reported educational attainment, predicted probabilities were estimated by means of hierarchical logistic regression models with random intercepts for health plan, adjusted for potential confounders. Results. Overall, 15% the participants reported current smoking. An educational gradient in smoking was observed that varied significantly (P<.003) across age groups, with the educational gradient being strong in those aged 25 to 44 years, modest in those aged 45 to 64 years, and nonexistent in those aged 65 years or older. Of particular note, the prevalence of smoking observed in adults aged 25–44 years with less than a high school education was 50% (95% confidence interval: 36% to 63%). Conclusions. Approximately half of poorly educated young adults with diabetes smoke, magnifying the health risk associated with early-onset diabetes. Targeted public health interventions for smoking prevention and cessation among young, poorly educated people with diabetes are needed.
The Effect of Support for Action Against the Tobacco Industry on Smoking Among Young Adults
Authors: Ling Pamela M. , Neilands Torsten B. , Glantz Stanton A. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives. We investigated associations between tobacco industry denormalization attitudes and the smoking behavior of young adults (aged 18 to 29 years). Methods. We analyzed data from 9455 young adults in the 2002 California Tobacco Survey. Results. The data showed that 27.4% of young adults were “ever smokers” (smoked ≥ 100 cigarettes in their lifetime), of whom 66.9% were current smokers (18.3% of young adults). Denormalization attitudes formed 2 major factors: support for anti–tobacco industry action and mistrust of tobacco companies. In multivariate logistic regression, support for action against the tobacco industry was negatively associated with current smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.13, 0.19) and susceptibility to smoking, after we controlled for demographics, exposure to smokers, and advertising receptivity. Mistrust of tobacco companies was associated with smoking behavior, with anti-industry support acting as a mediating variable. Among current smokers, support for anti–tobacco industry action was strongly associated with intentions to quit (OR=4.64; 95% CI=3.15, 6.84) after we controlled for demographics, exposure to smokers, and advertising receptivity. Conclusions. Support for anti–tobacco industry action protects against smoking and is associated with intentions to quit among young adults. Encouraging involvement in tobacco control and against the tobacco industry may decrease smoking among young adults.
Knowledge Synthesis of Smoking Cessation Among Employed and Unemployed Young Adults
Authors: Bader Pearl , Travis Heather E. , Skinner Harvey A. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives. We synthesized evidence regarding effective strategies for smoking cessation among employed or unemployed young adults aged 18 to 24 years. Methods. For this knowledge synthesis, we used (1) a systematic review of the scientific literature, (2) a Delphi panel of experts, and (3) 6 focus groups of employed and unemployed young adult smokers. Results. Of 51 related studies, only 4 included employed and unemployed young adults in their samples (as opposed to students), and none focused solely on them. Using the Delphi process, 27 experts reached consensus on priorities for research, practice, and policy, emphasizing population engagement, recruitment, and innovative interventions. Key themes from focus groups were that interventions should be relevant to young adults, individual choice should be respected, and the positive aspects of quitting should be stressed. Despite having negative views on traditional smoking cessation methods, participants expressed optimism about being able to quit and proposed creative recommendations. Conclusions. Our findings set an agenda for targeting research, improving practice, and informing policy for smoking cessation among young adults. We also demonstrate the value of using 3 complementary approaches: literature review, expert opinion, and target population perspectives.
Use of Tobacco Cessation Treatments Among Young Adult Smokers: 2005 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Curry Susan J. , Sporer Amy K. , Pugach Oksana , Campbell Richard T. , Emery Sherry 
Published: June 2007

Objectives. We compared use of smoking cessation treatments and factors associated with treatment use among young adult smokers and other adult smokers.Methods. We used data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey core and cancer control supplement. The sample consisted of 6511 current smokers, of whom 759 were aged 18–24 years. Our analyses were weighted to account for differential sampling probabilities and nonresponse rates. We compared continuous measures using the t test; logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios and confidence intervals. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify correlates of treatment use.Results. Behavioral treatment use was infrequent among all smokers (4%–5%). Young adult smokers were less likely than other smokers to use pharmacotherapy (18% vs 32%). Correlates of pharmacotherapy use for young adult smokers were receiving advice from a health care provider, heavier smoking, and higher educational attainment. Compared with other smokers, young adult smokers were less likely to have received advice to quit from a health care provider (49% vs 60%).Conclusions. Evidence-based tobacco cessation treatments are underused by young adult smokers.
Synthesis of (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐yl acetate by lipase immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers
Authors: Nakane Koji , Hotta Toshiki , Ogihara Takashi , Ogata Nobuo , Yamaguchi Shinji 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐nanofibers‐immobilized lipase were formed by electrospinning. The specific surface area of the nanofiber (5.96 m2/g) was about 250 times larger than that of PVA‐film‐immobilized lipase (0.024 m2/g). The PVA‐nanofibers‐immobilized lipase were used as the catalyst for the esterification of (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol (leaf alcohol) with acetic acid in hexane. The activity of the nanofiber is equivalent to that of commercially available immobilized lipase (Novozym‐435). The ester conversions of the nanofibers, Novozym‐435, the film and lipase powder reached 99.5% at 5 h, 100% at 5 h, 11.5% at 6 h, and 81.1% at 5.75 h, respectively. The nanofibers‐immobilized lipase showed higher activity for the esterification than the film‐immobilized lipase and lipase powder, probably because it has high specific surface area and high dispersion state of lipase molecules in PVA matrix. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
The duality concept in subject analysis
Authors: Morris Jack C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAny comprehensive survey of the principles, structure and methodology of subject analysis would require a treatise of great length to do even partial justice to the subject. Such is here neither contemplated nor intended. Scope has been restricted to problems concerning library cataloging through subject headings. Observations herein concern American practices in devising subject headings for alphabetic card catalogs, irrespective of whether the finished products are assembled as portions of dictionary catalogs or are filed to form the subject sections of “divided” catalogs. The form of card used is assumed to be the “unit” type wherein each card includes identical and reasonably full descriptive and informative data for the communication covered. The term general catalog is taken to mean one designed for many users, to be inclusive of one or selected disciplines intensively or covering portions of all fields of knowledge rather than to connote any particular degree of specificity or level of analysis for individual communications. A searching criticism is directed to current tendencies in subject heading construction which are presently denoted as “direct and specific” in the hope that the full import and significance of the duality concept will emerge. It is suggested that the duality concept is applicable to all forms of subject analysis for all kinds of communications. It is recommended that research and experimental investigations be directed to effecting a marriage of the best features of subject‐headed unit cards with those of marginal punched cards. The “Uniterm” specie of coordinate indexing is reviewed critically because of its purported challenge to the major modes of subject analysis.
Reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic, size exclusion chromatographic and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic studies of glycinin: evidence for molecular species and their association–dissociation
Authors: Bhushan Ravi , Arya Upasana 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIsolation and purification of glycinin and its molecular species from an Indian soybean variety (JS‐335) was achieved using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). Glycinin was found to have two molecular species (glycinin I and II), and only glycinin I underwent reversible dissociation–association system intoαandβspecies. Glycinin I and II were not found to constitute a dissociation–association system. Glycinin II also did not dissociate under varying conditions of time, pH and ionic strength of buffer. Various species so dissociated were isolated, purified and characterized. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.