bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Different Fibre Types of M. extensor carpi radialis longus of the Rat
Authors: Rodrigues Antonio DE Castro , Silva Maeli Dal Pai , Pai Vitalino Dall 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAs revealed by the NADH‐diaphorase and myosine ATPase, the M. extensor carpi radialis longus of the rat possesses at least 3 main kinds of fibres, with different distribution on the superficial and deep portions of the muscle. The superficial portion revealed that 67.68 % are FG (fast‐twitch‐glycolytic) fibres, 14.72 % are FOG (fast‐twitch‐oxidative) fibres and 17.60 % are SO (slow‐twitch‐glycolytic) fibres. Already the deep portion revealed that 71.29 % are SO (slow‐twitch‐glycolytic) fibres, 17.46 % are FOG (fast‐twitch‐oxidative‐glycolytic) fibres and 11.25 % are FG (fast‐rwitch‐glycolytic) fibres. The miosine ATPase reaction was used to demonstrate contracting characteristics. These findings suggest that the movements of fast contraction of the M. extensor carpi radialis longus are predominant.
Zur pränatalen Entwicklung der Glandula mandibularis und Glandula parotis der Katze
Authors: Knospe C. , Böhme G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe prenatal development of the cat's mandibular and parotid gland was examined by means of serial section of 36 cat embryos at 14–62 days of development. Both glands were excised from the epithelium of the primitive oral cavity and branched up to day 36 of the branching phase into a specific connective tissue. This tissue contained besides fine collagenous fibres, a high amount of proteoglycans. In the subsequent separation phase, ducts and acini differentiated themselves in primitive lobules which were separated by connective tissue. In the prenatal differentiation phase, from about day 50 up to birth, intercalated ducts and striated ducts were formed. In the acini, mucous and serous cells contained different amounts of complex carbohydrates. This secretory component changed shortly before birth.
Licht‐ und elektronenmikroskopische Studien zur Struktur des normalen Blasenepithels beim weiblichen Schwein
Authors: Liebhold M. , Wendt M. , Kaup F.‐J. , Drommer W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA light‐ and electron‐microscope investigation was performed to examine the normal structure of the porcine urinary bladder. Tissue biopsies were studied obtained from 10 healthy female pigs (four weanling pigs, six sows).The bladder wall showed a typical stratification consisting of a tunica (t.) mucosae, t. submucosae, t. muscularis and t. serosa. The mucosa consisted of an epithelium transitionale, a lamina propria, and a lamina muscularis mucosae. The urothelium was composed of a basal layer, one or more intermediate layer(s), and a superficial layer. The urothelial cells of all layers were connected by desmosomes, while tight junctions linked adjacent superficial cells. Surface cells were lined by a layer of mucus, which is believed to provide an important barrier against bacterial infection. The surface of the superficial cells was also characterized by numerous irregularly arranged microplicae. By contrast, intermediate cells, which are assumed to be immature cell forms, showed microvilli‐like structures. When desquamation of superficial cells takes place, differentiation of underlying intermediate cells is accompanied by merging of microvilli to form microplicae. The morphology of the bladder surface structures may play an important role in the ability of bacteria to adhere to the urothelium.
A Quantitative Study of Ganglion Cells in the German Shepherd Dog Retina
Authors: Gonzalez‐Soriano J. , Rodriguez‐Veiga E. , Martinez‐Sainz P. , Mayayo‐Vicente S. , Marin‐Garcia P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAs in the number of mammals, the most prominent feature of the ganglion‐cell layer in the retina of the German shepherd dog is the sharp increase in the density of ganglion cells in the central area. There is an area of maximum density and also a ‘cat‐like’ visual streak, located dorsal to the optic disc. The isodensity lines of ganglion‐cell distribution is roughly concentric. Their values vary from 5300‐13 000 cells/mm2 in the central area, with the cells densely packed, to 1000 cells/mm2 or less in the periphery, where the cells are sparsely distributed. There were some individual differences amongst the animals studied, although all of them were pure‐bred dogs. This suggests that the configuration of the retina in the canine species is not only dependent on the breed itself but also on some other parameters such as phylogenetic heritage, environment, aptitude, lifestyle, or even training.
Altersbezogener Geschlechtsdimorphismus des Nucleus praeopticus medialis hypothalami beim Schwein
Authors: Smollich A. , Grossmann J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe medial preoptic nucleus of the porcine hypothalamus is characterized by an age‐dependent sexual dimorphism in the postnatal period of the development. It manifests itself as sexual differences in the density and volume of the perikarya. A transient concentration of perikarya in the centre of the medial preoptic nucleus, especially distinctive in male piglets, is somewhat similar to the ‘sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area’ of Gorski, as characterized in rats.
Capillary Supply During Development of Individual Regenerating Muscle Fibers
Authors: Luque E. , Peña J. , Martin P. , Jimena I. , Vaamonde R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study describes the capillary supply of individual regenerating muscle fiber during three stages of its development. Regeneration was induced by the injection of mepivacaine in the anterior tibial muscle of rats. Muscle fiber capillarization during regeneration was analysed in semithin sections, employing the following parameters: the number of capillaries around a fiber and the number of capillaries per fiber cross‐sectional area. The results revealed that during development of regenerating fibers, the fiber cross‐sectional area increased, the number of capillaries around each fiber increased and the number of capillaries per fiber cross‐sectional area decreased. These data indicated a greater capillary supply of the individual regenerating muscle fiber during its early stage of maturation.
Book Reviews
Authors: Pavaux  
Published: June 2007

Saban R.: To the Sources of Articulate Language (Aux Sources du Langage Articulé).Drews, U.: Taschenatlas der Embryologie.Cotran, R. S., V. Kumar, und S. L. Robbins: Grundlagen der Allgemeinen Pathologie (aus dem Amerikanischen übersetzt von M. W. Hess).Eckert, R. und D. Randall: Tierphysiologie, 2. neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage von R. Apfelbach unter Mitarbeit von E. Weiler. Stuttgart, New York: G. Thieme Verlag, 816 S., 691 Abb., 49 Tabellen kartoniert, DM 89—. ISBN 3 13 664002 0Krautwald, M. E., B. Tellhelm, G. Hummel, V. Kostka, und E. F. Kaleta: Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy and Diagnosis of Cage Birds/Atlas zur Röntegenanatomie und Röntgendiagnostik der Ziervögel (Ins Englische übertragen von W. G. Siller and A. G. Burnie).Preuß, F.: Die Aufbaukräfte der Schöpfung oder das Allgesetz der Friedensliebe
Peculiarities of the Connection between Mesangial and Glomerular Endothelial Cells in the Domestic‐swine Kidney
Authors: Vodenicharov A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIt is established that cytoplasm fragments of the endothelial cells, located between the mesangial angles, abruptly extend their size, and borders between them are difficult to discern. They possess single microvillia on their lumenal surface, some of which are highly corrugated, branched and fenestrated. In those parts, the mesangial‐cell excrescences are tightly enveloped by the endothelium, some of them contacting directly with the capillary lumen.On the border between the mesangium and the juxtamesangial part of the endothelium, two types of vesicles, directed towards the capillary lumen, are observed. The first type of vesicle is bigger and has a deeply narrowing section, which is directed towards the mesangium. The second type of vesicle is enveloped by a two‐layer membrane, which, in almost all cases, is connected to the endothelium.Peculiarities in the localization of the podocyte excrescences are also detected, which gives reason to presume that the epithelial cells play an important part in the biomechanics of the renal glomerulus.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Galanin in Bovine Reproductive Organs
Authors: ŁAkomy M. , Kaleczyc J. , Majewski M. , Sienkiewicz W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe vagina, uterus and oviduct were shown to receive galanin immunoreactive (GAL‐IR) nerve fibres, the number of which varied between particular organs. In the ovary, GAL‐IR nerves were absent. A small number of these nerves were located in the layers of the oviduct. A moderate number of GAL‐IR nerves were situated in the body and uterine horns, whereas the uterine cervix and vagina wall contained a large number of GAL‐IR nerve fibres, evenly distributed throughout particular membranes of the organs. GAL‐IR nerves were found to contain, simultaneously, either vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) or Leu5‐enkephalin (ENK). Many of the GAL‐IR nerves contained tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). A group of GAL‐IR nerves that did not possess immunoreactivity to VIP, SP, ENK or TH was also observed.
On the Vegetative and Sensitive Innervation of the Retractor Clitoridis Muscle in Some Domestic Animals
Authors: Panu R. , Minelli L. Bo , Sanna L. , Zedda M. , Acone F. , Gazza F. , Palmieri G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe retractor clitoridis muscle originates from the coccygeal vertebrae in the cow, ewe, goat and mare, and from the anal musculature in the sow. It terminates at the base of the clitoris. In all the species considered, a vegetative innervation was found. This was represented by isolated or grouped ganglion cells. Nervous sensitive supply was also present. This was represented by Pacinian, Pacinian‐like and Golgi‐Mazzoni's corpuscles, and by Krauses's end bulbs.A notable difference was found in the amount and type of these receptors. They were numerous in the sow, ewe and goat, and rare in the cow and mare. Additionally, in the sow, ewe and goat, all the above mentioned receptors were found, while, in the cow and mare, only Pacinian and Pacinian‐like corpuscles occurred. The morphology of these receptors was described and hypotheses were made concerning their probable functional role.
The Leukocytes of the Roughtail Gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum: a Bright‐field and Phase‐contrast Study
Authors: Cannon M. S. , Freed D. A. , Freed P. S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe morphology of the peripheral blood leukocytes of the roughtail gecko, Cyrtopodion scrabum, is carefully described in Wright‐Giemsa and toluidine‐blue‐stained blood films, and in the living condition by phase‐contrast microscopy, using supravitally stained preparations. Mature eosinophils, basophils and small lymphocytes commonly occur in the blood, while monocytes are rarely seen. In addition, macrophages are occasionally encountered, but neutrophils cannot be observed. Developmental stages in eosinophil and basophil differentiation can be seen. This study serves as a basis for the cytochemical localization of substances within these blood cells.
Die Entwicklung der Magendrüsen der Katze 1 (Felis silvestris catus)
Authors: Knospe C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe development of the gastric glands of the cat (Felis silvestris catus)There are five stages in the development of the cat's gastric glands: 1. During the stage of the indifferent epithelium from day 19 to day 24, the anlage of the stomach develops with all layers; 2. The stage of gland formation from day 24 to day 41 is the beginning of the gland buds. They develop in connection with endocrine cells on day 34 into primitive oxyntic and primative mucous cells. The latter form the basis for all other cells, including the surface mucous cells; 3. During the stage of gland evagination from day 42 to 55, the anlagen are separated into primitive pits and tubules, while the cells continue to differentiate and the first intermediate cells are seen; 4. The stage of gland branching from day 56 to birth is characterized by the formation of additional glands at the bottom of the pits which change the ordinary anlagen into branched glands. During this stage, the cardiac glands are formed; 5. In the stage of gland maturation from birth to the 9th week, the peptic cells are formed and the glands start functioning. The oxyntic cells show carbonic‐anhydrase activity and signs of acid secretion, and, between the weeks 4 and 8, the peptic cells contain pepsinogen, producing a negative reaction to PAS and a positive reaction to HID. Mucous cells and mucous neck cells produce PAS‐ and AB‐positive mucin.
The Lymph Drainage of the Mammary Glands in the Bitch: a Lymphographic Study. Part II: the 3rd Mammary Gland
Authors: Patsikas M. N. , Dessiris A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe objective of this investigation was to study the lymph drainage of the 3rd mammary gland in the bitch using indirect lymphography. The main conclusions drawn after the study of 62 normal lactating mongrel bitches were as follows: lymph usually drains from the third gland to the axillary and superficial inguinal nodes simultaneously, but in some cases it drains only cranially to the axillary nodes. It may, rarely, drain only caudally to the superficial inguinal nodes. A lymphatic connection between the mammary glands could not be demonstrated. It was demonstrated that there is a connection between the superficial inguinal lymph nodes on either side. It is suggested that lymphatic connection between the axillary and sternal nodes and the axillary nodes of both sides should be possible in some cases. Lymphatics of the mammary glands that cross the midline were not demonstrated. No relationship between the number of lymph nodes and the body size of the dog could be demonstrated.
Die transversale Kieferbewegung (Translationsbewegung) des Hundes, zugleich ein Hinweis auf die Kiefergelenksdysplasie beim Dachshund
Authors: Vollmerhaus B. , Roos H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe Transverse Movement of the Temporo‐mandibular Joint (Translation Movement) of the Dog, also with Reference to Dysplasia of this Joint in the Dachshund Contrary to the accepted opinion, transverse movement is possible in the temporo‐mandibular joint of the dog. This movement is arched and is important for mastication. Analysis of transverse movement of the temporo‐mandibular joint was done in 20 dog breeds. Accidentally dysplasia of the temporo‐mandibular joint was found in the dachshund, a phenomenon which has not been described before.
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies for Immunohistochemical Study of Bovine Spleen on Frozen Sections
Authors: Delverdier M. , Abella‐Bourges N. , Schelcher F. , Raymond I. , Espinasse J. , Cabanie P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMany monoclonal antibodies reactive with bovine leukocyte differentiation antigens are now available. Immunohistochemical staining on frozen sections using these monoclonal antibodies permits study of the functional morphology of bovine spleen. This study confirms accepted notions (B and T dependent‐zones) and supplies complementary data about the repartition of CD4 and CD8 cells. γδ cells. MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) II expression, and macrophages.
Zu den Formveränderungen und zum Wachstum der motorischen Endplatten der Mm. fibularis longus, semitendinosus et longissimus bei Schweinen
Authors: Neubauer G. , Gille U. , Michel G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAge‐related changes in motor endplates were studied in the fibularis longus, semitendinosus and longissimus muscles in pigs. They develop from small, compact AChE‐active figures in fetuses to typical myoneuronal synapses with a branched subsynaptical structure of AChE‐active units. High correlations were found between size of endplates and both myofibre diameter and body mass. Growth analyses with respect to age, as well as allometrical approaches, showed that endplate growth slightly precedes that of myofibres, with both having similar growth patterns. The morphological changes, however, imply that the increment of synaptical area could lag behind that of myofibres.
Hatching Gland Cells of Trout Embryos as the Target of Positional Information
Authors: Blánquez M. J. , Rojo C. , González E. , Illanes J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryHGCs were found in the head epidermis, yolk sac and pharynx epithelium of trout embryos. These cells usually appear in clusters, closely related positionally to neighbouring cells. The differentiation and specialization of HGCs seem to be mainly dependent on cell‐cell interactions, which provides, in part, the positional information necessary for the cells to differentiate and localize in the appropriate place. The final secretory process is the result of a sequence of events by which the maturation of enzymatic granules occurs. The electron‐density of the granules varies according to the proximity of the secretory stage. Exocytosis of the secretory granules were observed. After secretion, each HGC undergoes cellular death by apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Anatomy of the Ductus Venosus in Neonatal Dogs (Canis familiaris)
Authors: Tisdall P. L. C. , Hunt G. B. , Borg R. P. , Malik R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAnatomical features of the ductus venosus in 84 neonatal dogs are described. The ductus venosus was a straight conduit 1–3 mm wide and 4–12 mm long in pups with a crown‐rump length of 80–200 mm. It arose from the left main portal vein branch opposite the umbilical vein, passed between the left lateral liver lobe and the papillary process of the caudate lobe, and terminated in the dorsal aspect of the proximal part of the left hepatic vein. The left hepatic vein was dilated at this point. There was no variation in the location of the ductus venosus in the animals studied.
A Quantitative Study of Ganglion Cells in the Goat Retina
Authors: Gonzalez‐Soriano J. , Mayayo‐Vicente S. , Martinez‐Sainz P. , Contreras‐Rodriguez J. , Rodriguez‐Veiga E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAs in a number of mammals, the most prominent feature of the ganglion‐cell layer in the retina of the murciano‐granadina goat is an increase in the density of ganglion cells in the central area, as well as a concentration along a ridge extending horizontally across the retina, below the optic disc, and in the upper temporal retina. Thus, there is an area of maximum density and two streaks that are known as the ‘horizontal’ and ‘vertical’ streak. The isodensity lines of ganglion‐cell distribution is roughly concentric, with their values varying from 304 cells/mm2 in the periphery to 3592 cells/mm2 in the central area, with the cells densely packed. There were some individual differences amongst the animal studied, although all of them were purebred animals.
An Unusual Congenital Anomaly: Ectopic Sigmoid Kidney Combined with Hermaphroditism in a Newly Born Calf
Authors: Charan K. , Pawaiya R. V. S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA rare case of hermaphroditism accompanied with ectopic sigmoid kidney in cross‐bred calf is reported. Findings revealed fused kidneys located near urinary bladder, and presence of uterus, vagina, penis and testicles. Both urinary and genital defects seemed to occur in combination and to be interrelated.
Elastic Fibre System of the Female Canine Urethra. Histochemical Identification of Elastic, Elaunin and Oxytalan Fibres
Authors: Augsburger H. R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe elastic system fibres of the female urethra were investigated in seven dogs of different breeds. The fibres were stained and differentiated with orcein, Verhoeff's iron hematoxylin, and pararosanilin‐based aldehyde fuchsin, with and without previous oxidation. Orcein and aldehyde fuchsin revealed some subepithelial longitudinally orientated delicate fibres (elaunin fibres) and numerous coarse longitudinal fibres (elastic fibres) in the deeper subepithelial connective tissue containing the vascular plexus, as well as a network of fibres of different calibers in the periurethral connective tissue. Elastic system fibres were also found in association with the sinusoids of the vascular plexus and the urethral smooth musculature. Verhoeff's iron hematoxylin only reacted distinctly with coarse (elastic) fibres. When applied following oxidation, aldehyde fuchsin disclosed an extensive meshwork of additional delicate fibres (oxytalan fibres) in the subepithelial connective tissue adjacent to the basement membrane. Oxytalan fibres were also discernible in the sinusoidal adventitia of the vascular plexus, as well as between smooth and striated muscle fibres. Due to the predominantly longitudinal orientation of the elastic system fibres and the low urethral resistance to manual expression of urine from the bladder post mortally, when the elasticity of the urethra is still intact and the activity of other continence factors can be excluded, the elastic tissue is not judged to be a major contributory factor to urinary continence.
Morphology of the Tongue of a Male Formosan Serow (Capricornis crispus swinhoei)
Authors: Atoji Y. , Yamamoto Y. , Suzuki Y. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe morphology of the tongue of an adult Formosan serow was examined to compare it with that of the Japanese serow by macroscopical and scanning electron microscopical observations. The tongue was 13.5 cm in length and 82 g in weight. The apex showed a U‐shaped outline. There were 340 fungiform papillae and 23 vallate papillae on both sides. Filiform, fungiform, conical and vallate papillae were found. Annular pads surrounding the vallate papillae were poorly developed. No lenticular or foliate papillae were seen on the dorsal surface. These findings indicate that the tongue of the Formosan serow is smaller and less complex morphologically than that of the Japanese serow.
Ossification and Growth Rates of the Limb Long Bones during the Prehatching Period in the Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Pourlis A. F. , Magras I. N. , Petridis D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe timing of ossification and the growth of six long bones of the prehatching period in the quail was studied. Ninety‐nine quail eggs were incubated and in total nine fetuses were selected daily from the sixth to the sixteenth day of incubation. The fetuses were stained with alizarine and alcian blue double colouration. The fetuses were studied under the stereoscopic microscope and linear measurements were obtained from the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia and fibula. The first appearance of the primary ossification centres in the diaphysis of the studied bones was found to occur between the sixth and the seventh day of incubation. Different growth patterns between the bones of the leg and of the wing were observed. Humerus and tibia showed the greatest growth rate while the radius and fibula showed the lowest.
Histology and Ultrastructure of the Gut of the Tilapia (Tilapia spp.), a Hybrid Teleost
Authors: Gargiulo A. M. , Ceccarelli P. , Dall'Aglio C. , Pedini V. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe morphology of the intestine has been studied in a species of warm water fish, Tilapia spp., a hybrid teleost of notable economic importance. Light and electron microscope results show that the intestine is a relatively undifferentiated muscular tube lined with a simple columnar epithelium interspersed with goblet cells. The proximal region has a greater surface area, manifested by elongated mucosal ridges. The enterocytes are covered apically with uniform microvilli and exhibit the typical ultrastructural features of pinocytosis, namely extensive invaginations of the luminal plasma membrane and massive accumulation of vesicles in the apical cytoplasm. The distal intestine mucosa is thinner and less elaborately folded and consists of columnar cells with shorter and sparser microvilli. Their supranuclear cytoplasm contains abundant clear vacuoles. Numerous endocrine cells can also be seen. Regional cellular ultrastructural features are correlated with digestive functions.