bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymerization in magnetic field: XVIII. Influence of surfactant nature on the synthesis and thermal properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly[(methyl methacrylate)‐co‐(epoxypropyl methacrylate)]
Authors: Nita Loredana Elena , Chiriac Aurica P , Cimmino Sossio , Silvestre Clara , Duraccio Donatella , Vasile Cornelia 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The possibility to use β‐cyclodextrin as biodegradable tensioactive and an electromagnetic field in order to improve the kinetic parameters of radical emulsion polymerization is of interest. Thus, the influence of different surfactants—sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and β‐cyclodextrin (CD)—on the pathway of emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and emulsion copolymerization of MMA with 2,3‐epoxypropyl methacrylate (GMA) performed with or without the presence of a continuous electromagnetic field (MF) was studied.RESULTS: The presence of the MF leads to a considerable increase of the conversion during the first part of the reaction if the classic surfactant (SLS) is used. The reactions performed without MF and with CD exhibit a decrease of the conversion and of the polymerization rate as compared with the variants using SLS. The swelling rate and the maximum degree of swelling vary with the surfactant nature and with the reaction conditions and MF presence. Data from thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry evidence the dependences between the polymer characteristics and the preparation conditions.CONCLUSION: This research underlines the coupling possibilities of the influence of a MF—growth of the reaction rate and conversion explained through radical pairs mechanism—with a combination of the ‘cage’ effect and ‘conformational control’ afforded by CD. The presence of MF and CD during the syntheses leads to an increase of Tg and an increase of PMMA and P(MMA‐co‐GMA) thermal stability. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Photopolymerization kinetics, photorheology and photoplasticity of thiol–ene–allylic sulfide networks
Authors: Cook Wayne D , Chausson Sophie , Chen Fei , Le Pluart Loic , Bowman Christopher N , Scott Timothy F 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Thiol–ene networks are of interest due to their facile photopolymerization and their open network structure. In this work, an allylic disulphide divinyl ether monomer is reacted with tetrathiol and divinyl ether monomers, which allows the network structure to permanently change in shape if stressed while under irradiation. We also study the photo‐differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) kinetics and photorheology during cure and the dynamic mechanical properties after cure.RESULTS: The heat of polymerization is similar for the thiol–ene systems and suggests ca 80% conversion of the vinyl ether groups. An increase in the initiator concentration increases the photocure rate as expected. The activation energy for photopolymerization is 7.6 kJ mol−1. DSC and rheometry studies show that the polymerization kinetics is slowed by the addition of the allylic disulfide divinyl possibly due to the formation of less reactive radicals. However, as shown by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, the network structure is not changed very much by addition of this monomer. If radicals are generated by irradiation of a photoinitiator in the network while a stress is being applied, the polymer will permanently deform depending on the fraction of 2‐methylenepropane‐1,3‐di(thioethyl vinyl ether) in the network, due to a bond interchange reaction.CONCLUSION: The rate of thiol–ene reaction is slowed by the addition of the allylic disulfide divinyl ether. Photoplasticity is observed in the networks containing the allylic disulfide groups. Further work is required to optimize the extent of photoplasticity in these systems. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Biodegradable plastic composites from corn gluten meal
Authors: Samarasinghe Sarath , Easteal Allan J , Edmonds Neil R 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Utilisation of naturally occurring polymers as substitutes for non‐biodegradable synthetic polymers derived from non‐renewable resources is a key component of sustainable polymer technology. The aim of this study was to make thermoformable, biodegradable plastics from protein‐rich corn gluten meal (CGM) in combination with a synthetic biodegradable polyester.RESULTS: CGM plasticised with 1,2‐propylene glycol was blended at 150 °C with Skygreen SG100 aliphatic polyester and wood fibre, and injection moulded to give composites with tensile strength and water resistance superior to those of the protein component of CGM. Experimental design software was used to generate composite formulations with the limits (component, proportion as wt%) plasticised CGM (A), 10–80; Skygreen SG100 (B), 10–85; wood fibre (C), 0–10. Composites with A:B:C $= 10:80:10$ and A:B:C $= 15:85:0$ showed a glass transition at − 20 °C associated with the SG100 component; composites with more than 15 wt% CGM showed an additional glass transition for the plasticised CGM component. SG100 imparted water resistance and tensile strength, while CGM and wood fibre increased tensile modulus.CONCLUSION: The low‐cost industrial by‐product CGM, derived from an abundant renewable resource, can be incorporated into SG100 to give readily biodegradable, thermoformable materials. Composites with up to 30 wt% CGM have moderately high tensile strength, elongation at break and water resistance. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative proteomic analysis of myotube caveolae after milli‐calpain deregulation
Authors: Goudenege Sébastien , Dargelos Elise , Claverol Stéphane , Bonneu Marc , Cottin Patrick , Poussard Sylvie 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCaveolae are specialised RAFTs (detergent‐resistant membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids). Caveolin, the main caveolae protein, is essential to the organisation of proteins and lipids, and interacts with numerous mediating proteins through a ‘Caveolin Scalfolding Domain’. Consequently, caveolae play a major role in signal transduction and appear to be veritable signalling platforms. In muscle cells, caveolae are essential for fusion and differentiation, and are also implicated in a type of muscular dystrophy (LGMD1C). In a preceding work, we demonstrated the presence of active milli‐calpain (m‐calpain) in myotube caveolae. Calpains are calcium‐dependent proteases involved in several cellular processes, including myoblast fusion and migration, PKC‐mediated intracellular signalling and remodelling of the cytoskeleton. For the first time, we have proved the cholesterol‐dependent localisation of m‐calpain in the caveolae of C2C12 myotubes. Calpain‐dependent caveolae involvement in myoblast fusion was also strongly suggested. Furthermore, eight differentially expressed caveolae associated proteins were identified by 2‐DE and LC‐MS/MS analyses using an m‐calpain antisense strategy. This proteomic study also demonstrates the action of m‐calpain on vimentin, desmin and vinculin in myotube caveolae and suggests m‐calpain's role in several mitochondrial pathways.
A comparative proteomic approach to understand the adaptations of an H+‐ATPase‐defective mutant of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC14067 to energy deficiencies
Authors: Li Liyuan , Wada Masaru , Yokota Atsushi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractF172‐8, an H+‐ATPase‐defective mutant of the glutamic acid‐producing bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 14067, exhibits enhanced rates of glucose consumption and respiration compared to the parental strain when cultured in a biotin‐rich medium with glucose as the carbon source. We conducted a comparative proteomic analysis to clarify the mechanism by which the enhanced glucose metabolism in this mutant is established using a proteome reference map for strain ATCC 14067. A comparison of the proteomes of the two strains revealed the up‐regulated expression of the several important enzymes such as pyruvate kinase (Pyk), malate:quinone oxidoreductase (Mqo), and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) in the mutant. Because Pyk activates glycolysis in response to cellular energy shortages in this bacterium, its increased expression may contribute to the enhanced glucose metabolism of the mutant. A unique reoxidation system has been suggested for NADH in C. glutamicum consisting of coupled reactions between Mqo and Mdh, together with the respiratory chain; therefore, the enhanced expression of both enzymes might contribute to the reoxidation of NADH during increased respiration. The proteomic analysis allowed the identification of unique physiological changes associated with the H+‐ATPase defect in F172‐8 and contributed to the understanding of the adaptations of C. glutamicum to energy deficiencies.
The salivary glands and saliva of Anopheles gambiae as an essential step in the Plasmodium life cycle: A global proteomic study
Authors: Choumet Valérie , Carmi‐Leroy Annick , Laurent Christine , Lenormand Pascal , Rousselle Jean‐Claude , Namane Abdelkader , Roth Charles , Brey Paul T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractProteins synthesized in the salivary glands of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito are thought to be important in the life cycle of the malaria parasite Plasmodium. To describe A. gambiae salivary gland and saliva contents, we combined several techniques: 1‐DE, 2‐DE and LC MS/MS. This study has identified five saliva proteins and 122 more proteins from the salivary glands, including the first proteomic description for 89 of these salivary gland proteins. Since the invasion and sporozoite maturation take place during the process of salivary glands ageing, the effect of salivary gland age on salivary component composition was examined. LC MS/MS profiling of young versus old salivary gland proteomes suggests that there is an over‐representation of proteins involved in signaling and proteins related to the immune response in the proteins from older mosquitoes. The iTRAQ labeling was used for a comparative proteomic analysis of salivary gland samples from infected or Plasmodium berghei‐free mosquitoes. The expression levels of five secreted proteins were altered when the parasite was present. These observations will serve as a basis for future work concerning the possible role of these proteins in the interaction between A. gambiae, Plasmodium and the mammalian host.
Ultrafast coelectrophoretic fluorescent staining of proteins with carbocyanines
Authors: Luche Sylvie , Lelong Cécile , Diemer Hélène , Van Dorsselaer Alain , Rabilloud Thierry 
Published: September 2007

AbstractProtein detection on SDS gels or on 2‐D gels must combine several features, such as sensitivity, homogeneity from one protein to another, speed, low cost, and user‐friendliness. For some applications, it is also interesting to have a nonfixing stain, so that proteins can be mobilized from the gel for further use (electroelution, blotting). We show here that coelectrophoretic staining by fluorophores of the oxacarbocyanine family, and especially diheptyloxacarbocyanine, offers several positive features. The sensitivity is intermediate between the one of colloidal CBB and the one of fluroescent ruthenium complexes. Detection is achieved within 1 h after the end of the electrophoretic process and does not use any fixing or toxic agent. The fluorescent SDS–carbocyanine–protein complexes can be detected either with a laser scanner with an excitation wavelength of 488 nm or with a UV table operating at 302 nm. Excellent sequence coverage in subsequent MS analysis of proteolytic peptides is also achieved with this detection method.
Choices in cancer treatment: a qualitative study of the older women's (>70 years) perspective
Authors: Husain Lopa Sadia , Collins Karen , Reed Malcolm , Wyld Lynda 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurpose: Primary endocrine therapy (PET) is the treatment of primary, operable breast cancer with drugs, such as tamoxifen, rather than surgery. It is in widespread use in the UK with 40% of women over 70 years old being treated in this way. PET is associated with inferior rates of local control compared with the standard surgical therapies, but there is no difference in overall survival. There has been no published research regarding the attitudes of older women concerning these two alternative approaches to treatment; what may influence their treatment choice or their experience of either treatment modality. This study aimed to address these questions.Method: In‐depth qualitative interviews were undertaken to explore the views of a group of 21 purposively selected older women (>70 years old), who had been treated by PET or surgery for breast cancer. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Framework Analysis.Results: Both surgery and PET were well tolerated and had high satisfaction ratings from most women. This was the case even for those who had complications following surgery or needed a change of management in the PET group. Older women expressed no age‐specific fears for operative procedures. The women were passive information seekers and relied heavily on ‘expert’ advice in making their treatment choices. Neither social support or age were factors in their decision‐making. Their main concern was to ensure that their quality of life and independence remained unaffected.Conclusion: Older women have no strong preference for either treatment option but are concerned that the treatment is effective and causes minimal disruption to their quality of life and independence. This study suggests that medical consultations may need to be adapted to reflect the passive acceptance of ‘expert’ advice in the majority of women in this age group. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The domain structure of the EORTC QLQ‐STO22 supported by Japanese validation data
Authors: Morita Satoshi , Kaptein Adrian A. , Oba Koji , Sakamoto Junichi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper evaluates the scale structure of the EORTC QLQ‐STO22 gastric cancer module using Japanese validation data. We additionally tested two single items regarding dumping syndrome. Of 246 patients who participated in phase II clinical trials of chemotherapy to treat advanced gastric cancer, we analyzed 206 who completed the pretreatment questionnaire. The factor analysis supported the scale structure hypothesized for the initial development phase conducted by the EORTC Quality of Life Group, not the alternations made in the final psychometric testing phase. The elicited scales exhibited high internal consistency and high clinical validity. Our data suggest that there is no need to examine the dumping syndrome items. This study revealed a slightly different scale structure of the QLQ‐STO22 from that obtained in the European study. Extensive discussions with the EORTC Group are needed from both cross‐cultural and clinical perspectives in order to establish a consensus on the various language versions of the QLQ‐STO22. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Case report: clozapine given in the context of chemotherapy for lung cancer
Authors: Goulet Karine , Grignon Sylvain 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground: Despite the frequent use of the antipsychotic medication, clozapine, in chronic treatments of psychiatric patients, there is limited clinical evidence available to guide clinicians in the problematic situation of a chemotherapy‐induced blood dyscrasia.Objective: To perform a literature review and add a case report to the available clinical evidence.Method: We gathered evidence through literature searches on Medline and with the assistance of a medical information specialist from Novartis who searched their internal database. We also report the case of a patient maintained on clozapine treatment despite full‐dose chemotherapy (cisplatin and etoposide) for an extensive lung cancer.Result: The searches returned seven clinically relevant references. These references do not establish a synergistic effect of clozapine and chemotherapy on blood counts. However, it has been shown that clozapine exposure activates common apoptotic pathways shared with anticancer drugs.Conclusion: Although the meagre clinical evidence precludes drawing any general conclusion as to the safety of maintaining clozapine administration during chemotherapy, it does not point to an obvious worsening of the haematological outcomes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extreme Decrease of Ozone Product Using High Pure Oxygen
Authors: Taguchi Masaki , Yamashiro Keisuke , Takano Tetsumi , Itoh Haruo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe ozone‐zero phenomenon named by the authors of this paper is investigated by emission spectroscopy and temporal variations of ozone concentrations. The measurements of ozone concentrations are performed by ozone monitors placed at the outlets of two ozone generators. The two generators are operated independently; however a gas flow system is connected in series through the gas flow direction. Ozone‐zero means that the ozone concentration at the outlet of the generator during the ozone‐zero phenomenon, is almost zero when using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in pure oxygen as the feed gas. It is considered that the main causes of the phenomenon are certain reactions in the gas phase or on the surface of the electrode in the generator. To distinguish between reactions, step responses of the ozone concentration at the outlets of both ozone generators are observed using the combined operation of the two generators. A clear difference in the response time of the ozone concentration is observed between the two generators. Thus, we succeeded in distinguishing the main cause of the ozone‐zero phenomenon by analyzing both reactions in the generator. From the results of our investigation, we concluded that the ozone‐zero phenomenon caused by ozone decomposition on the electrode surface is accompanied by some changes in the surface of the ozone generator. The recovery from the phenomenon is accomplished by covering the changed surface with NO2, which is considered to compose in the generator with the addition of a small amount of air or N2 to pure oxygen as the feed gas.
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Proteomic analysis of protein expression in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis
Authors: ten Have Sara , Fraser Ian , Markham Robert , Lam Alan , Matsumoto Izuru 
Published: September 2007

AbstractEndometriosis affects 10–15% of the female population during their reproductive years. Although the pathogenesis of this disease is undefined, the presence of endometrium‐like tissue plaques outside of the uterus could implicate the eutopic endometrium in the origin of the disease. Utilising a proteomic approach the protein expression profile of the eutopic endometrium of women without endometriosis (n = 12) was compared to that in eutopic endometrium of women with a confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis (n = 6) (both in the secretory phase of the cycle). Eight hundred and twenty protein spots were matched on 2‐D gels, with a total of 119 proteins regulated differentially between endometriotic and control tissue (matched and unmatched spots). Of the 50 highest fold change proteins 21 proteins were found only in the endometriosis affected sample group. Protein sub‐categorisation depending on each protein function revealed major up‐ and down‐regulation in several areas including apoptosis, immune reaction, glycolytic pathway, cell structure and transcription factors. The differences seen in this pilot study show the potential of proteomic applications in endometriosis research for determining diagnostics and pathogenesis characterisation, as well as the future development of targeted drug treatments.
Screening of serum samples from Wegener's granulomatosis patients using antibody microarrays
Authors: Olle Eric W. , Deogracias Michael P. , Messamore James E. , McClintock Shannon D. , Barron Adam G. , Anderson Timothy D. , Johnson Kent J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWegener's Granulomatosis (WG) is an idiopathic granulomatosis autoimmune vasculitis that primarily affects small vessels and is associated with glomerulonephritis and pulmonary granulomatous vasculitis. Anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic auto‐antibodies (cANCA) against proteinase‐3 are used to identify WG, but ANCA titers are not present in some patients with the localized disease. The objective of this study was to develop an antibody array to help identify protein expression patterns in serum from patients with WG as compared to normals. The arrays were tested for limits of detection, background, and cross reactivity using standard proteins. The arrays were hybridized with either normal patient serum (n = 30) or with serum samples from a population of WG patients (n = 26) that were age and sex matched. Data analysis and curve fitting of the standard dilution series calculated r2 values and determined a sensitivity of <50 pg/mL for the majority of proteins. A total of 24 proteins were assessed. Several statistically significant increases (p<0.05) were seen in the expression of: angiotensin converting enzyme‐I, IFN‐γ, IL‐8, s‐ICAM‐1 and s‐VCAM in WG patients as compared to controls. Utilizing the antibody microarray technology has led to the identification of potential biomarkers of vascular injury in the serum of WG patients.
Differential valine metabolism in adipose tissue of low and high fat‐oxidizing obese subjects
Authors: Claessens Mandy , Saris Wim H. M. , Bouwman Freek G. , Evelo Chris T. A. , Hul Gabby B. J. , Blaak Ellen E. , Mariman Edwin C. M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDifferences in fat metabolism are of importance in relation to energy balance. Low fat‐oxidizers (LFO) are thought to be more prone for developing obesity. We studied whether LFO have different fasting adipose tissue (AT) protein profiles than high fat‐oxidizers (HFO). Six LFO and six HFO subjects were selected from an obese group (n = 99, body mass index>30 kg/m2) taking part in a multi‐center study (Nutrient‐Gene interaction in human obesity) based on the postprandial fat oxidation capacity after a high fat load. AT protein profiles were studied by 2‐DE. Differential proteins were clustered with MAPPfinder according to their function. Protein profiles of purified blood cells and adipocytes served to confine the comparison to adipocyte‐specific proteins in AT profiles of LFO and HFO subjects. LFO had increased mitochondrial ROS scavengers possibly related to long‐chain unsaturated fatty acid‐induced increases in mitochondrial ROS‐production. Carbohydrate oxidation seemed to be reduced since expression of several proteins from the glycolysis pathway was lower in LFO. Up‐regulation of the valine catabolism at the level of methylmalonate‐semialdehyde dehydrogenase appeared to be (part of) the compensatory mechanism. In conclusion, the fasting AT protein profile of LFO and HFO differ at the level of ROS scavenging, the glycolysis pathway and valine metabolism.
The pancreatic cancer proteome – recent advances and future promise
Authors: Aspinall‐O'Dea Mark , Costello Eithne 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOf the common cancers, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal. The cancer's aggressive biology, leading to rapid dissemination, combined with a lack of clearly recognisable symptoms means that for many patients, the disease is at an advanced stage when diagnosed. The prognosis is consequently very poor, with as few as 3–5% of patients surviving 5 years. Recently, proteomic technologies have been employed in an effort to identify protein biomarkers, therapeutic targets and disease response markers for pancreatic cancer. Research has primarily relied upon pancreatic tissue samples, and body fluids such as pancreatic juice and blood serum. In this article, we will highlight the current proteomic techniques, qualitative and quantitative, employed in the field of pancreatic cancer research. We will review both the progress made and the challenges ahead, in elaborating the biology of pancreatic cancer and identifying novel biomarkers.