bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ‘transmissible entity’ in the control of cancer in mice
Authors: Strong Leonell C. , Matsunaga Henry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe paper is divided into three sections. Section 1 consists of an account of the historical development of a biological concept for cancer control in mice by the senior author. Section 2 presents new data on the effect of a liver‐derived inhibitor of spontaneous tumors of mammary gland origin in mice in inducing a ‘transmissible entity’ that has been passed down through nine generations. The entity affects the biological characteristics of spontaneous tumors in mice and increases in potency in controlling cancer in mice of succeeding generations. The possibility of whether a genetic or a nongenetic transmission is involved in the passage of a ‘transmissible entity’ from generation to generation cannot be determined by the existing data. Section 3 lists the conclusions that have been reached concerning the biological and biochemical characteristics of the tumor inhibitor.
Acquired Pelger‐Huet anomaly in erythroleukemia
Authors: Phillips Bruce A. , Yarbro John W. , Konior Geraldine S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Pelger‐Huet anomaly was found in association with erythroleukemia in a 62‐year‐old female who was known to have had normal granulocyte morphology 9 months previously. This is the third reported case of the coexistence of Pelger‐Huet anomaly with erythroleukemia and the first case in which normal morphology was known to have been present prior to the development of erythroleukemia. Although the pseudo‐Pelger‐Huet anomaly has been reported in association with numerous neoplastic and non‐neoplastic hematologic diseases, its pathogenesis and the clinical significance of its presence remain to be elucidated.
B16 melanoma in C57BL/6J mice: Kinetics and effects of heterologous serum
Authors: Hill George J. , Littlejohn Kathrine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractB16 melanoma was studied in syngeneic C57BL/6J mice as a therapeutic model of melanoma. The irregular behavior of tumor after trochar passage was eliminated by serial intraperitoneal passage, but abundant melanin production was maintained. Mean viability of dispersed suspensions was 56%. Median survival time after injection of 107 cells intraperitoneally was 11‐16 days (average 13.20). In vivo doubling time was estimated at 3.24 days. Tenfold increase time was approximately 10.75 days. Preliminary studies with rabbit antiserum demonstrated possible enhancement after incubation with tumor in vitro, and a possible therapeutic effect after administration in vivo.
Kinetic studies of hyperimmune 7s globulins in allogenic rats bearing walker 256 tumors
Authors: Jewell W. R. , Hunter L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractKinetic studies of I131‐labeled rat anti‐Walker 256 antibodies are described. The anti‐tumor antibody is a 7S globulin. The presence of tumor diminishes the level of circulating antibody. When the tumor is removed, the antibody level rises to a measurable amount. Ouchterlony in‐gel diffusion studies as well as I131‐globulin uptake data on subcellular tumor fractions indicate that the antigen is probably located on the cell membrane. Whether the antigen studied is a transplantation rather than tumor‐specific type was not determined. It is felt that the techniques described are useful for studying the human patient with autochthonous tumor as well as the cross‐immunotherapy patient.
Urinary pseudouridine excretion following hypophysectomy for prostatic carcinoma in man
Authors: Schoonees Rikus , Mittelman Arnold , Chheda Girish B. , Murphy Gerald P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUrinary pseudouridine excretion, which may be used as a good index of RNA turnover in the body, was measured in 25 patients who underwent hypophysectomy for advanced prostatic carcinoma. The excretion of pseudouridine was markedly elevated during the first 4 postoperative days in 9 patients who underwent open surgical hypophysectomy, but it remained essentially unchanged after stereotactic cryohypo‐physectomy in 16 patients. No correlation existed between the urinary pseudouridine excretion and the degree of ablation of pituitary function or the duration of the symptomatic remission of the disease. The body turnover of RNA was apparently not affected by gross ablation of pituitary function (plus cortisone replacement) but was moderately increased by the trauma associated with an open surgical hypophysectomy.
Observations on a possible association between the acid mucopolysaccharides and lysozyme
Authors: Economou James S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method for total lysozyme extraction from mammalian connective tissue is presented. There seems to be a correlation in the anatomic distribution of lysozyme and the mucopolysaccharides in mammalian connective tissue. These constituents are found in the highest concentration in preosseous cartilage, among whose zones are additional concentration gradients. Because there are differences in cellularity among the connective tissues, a comparative study of lysozyme and the mucopolysaccharides is presented considering cellularity as well as tissue mass.
Liver and spleen scintigraphy in staging Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Hardin Virgil M. , Johnston Gerald S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLiver–spleen scintigraphy is a useful adjunctive procedure in the diagnosis and staging of Hodgkin's disease. Scintigraphy is easily obtained for both the patient and the physician. It usually directs attention to a liver or spleen involved with the disease by revealing organomegaly with or without defects in concentration of radioactive colloid. The information may be diagnostic. Patients are presented who were studied with lymphangiography, diagnostic laparotomy with splenectomy, and liver–spleen scintigraphy among other tests for staging. The routine use of liver–spleen scintigraphy is recommended in the diagnosis and management of Hodgkin's disease.
Erythropoietin and renin release by isolated perfused canine liver—kidney preparation
Authors: Murphy G. P. , Mirand E. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA functional isolated bloodless perfused canine liver‐kidney preparation equilibrated with either 100% oxygen or 100% anoxic helium gas has been utilized to evaluate alterations in urine, bile, renal vein, and inferior vena cava specimens in renin, renin substrate, and erythropoietin (ESF) activity. Preparations were perfused with buffered saline or dilute plasma. Additional perfusions were completed with blood or with androgen pretreatment of the donor animals. Erythropoietin (ESF) is released from the kidney, and there is no significant hepatic extraction of ESF in this species. Significant levels can be found in the urine and reflect essential renal loss. The isolated kidney releases renin and acts on renin substrate in this preparation. Moreover, significant hepatic extraction of both renin and renin substrate occurs in these preparations as judged by the high bile concentrations.
Counteraction of leukopenia caused by mechlorethamine and azathioprine
Authors: Cook Elton S. , Nutini Leo G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPCO, a deproteinized yeast extract of low toxicity, increases tissue respiration, offsets the toxicity of mechlorethamine hydrochloride (HN2) for mice with maintenance of antineoplastic activity in the systems studied, and is a useful adjuvant to azathioprine in dog renal allografts. The two latter effects appear to be related to the ability of PCO to protect against the leukopenia caused by these drugs. PCO increases the leukocyte count and offsets the leukocyte depression caused by HN2 in mice and rabbits, and protects against bone marrow damage due to HN2 (investigated only in mice). In dogs, PCO lowers the proportion of lymphocytes without significant effect on the total leukocyte count.
Integrated radiation and operation in the treatment of carcinoma of the head and neck: Experience in 101 patients
Authors: Rush Benjamin F. , Mooney Charles , Jewell William R. , Greenlaw Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have reviewed the results of treatment in 101 patients with combined radiation‐operation therapy for lesions of the head and neck. We conclude that combined therapy‐does not significantly increase morbidity and mortality of treatment as long as certain features in the technique of radiation and operation are observed. Actuarial analysis of the 3‐year survivals was done. Preliminary conclusions are that there is an improvement in survival, especially in those patients with positive cervical nodes.
Polycythemia following renal transplantation unrelated to the allograft
Authors: Varkarakis M. J. , Sampson D. , Gerbasi J. R. , Bender M. A. , Mirand E. A. , Murphy G. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of polycythemia following renal transplantation is described. The polycythemia, which was associated with high erythropoietin levels, reverted to normal after bilateral nephrectomy of the patient's own glomerulonephritic kidneys. It is concluded that polycythemia following renal transplantation is not always due to the allograft.
Adenocarcinoma of the appendix vermiformis
Authors: Spann Joe L. , Lowbeer Leo , van Wormer Dale E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdenocarcinoma of the appendix is exceedingly rare. This paper adds reports of four appendiceal adenocarcinomas to the English language surgical literature. This small experience does not purport to establish the optimal surgical procedure for this disease. Rather, these cases epitomize the capricious behavior of this cancer, which is far more aggressive than generally thought. Recent survival studies have indicated improved prognosis if appendectomy is followed by right hemicolectomy. Case 1 reflects the highly lethal nature of some appendiceal cancers which progress despite early aggressive treatment. This appendiceal tumor was not ruptured, and seemingly an optimistic prognosis was warranted. The actual outcome was death in 3 1/2 years post‐operatively from hematogenous metastases to the lung, brain, and bone. Case 2 is is thought to be the first recorded instance of a correct preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma of the appendix. This carcinoma was treated by a primary right hemicolectomy, and the patient remains alive and well. Case 3 illustrates the benign course of this malignancy in some individuals. Though the treatment circumstances were so unfavorable as to simulate an experimental design to induce cancer spread, this patient has survived for 15 years without evidence of recurrent or metastatic cancer. Case 4 is a prototype of most reported adenocarcinomas of the appendix—a carcinoma in situ in an appendix removed at the time of pelvic surgery. This stage of appendiceal cancer is cured by a simple appendectomy. This fact is partially responsible for the controversy regarding the extent of bowel resection required to cure appendiceal cancer (Berman and Charles, 1967).
Perspective on skin cancer
Authors: Williams Ashbel C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCutaneous diseases, including cancer, have attracted medical attention since ancient times, skin cancer being the first cancer for which a cause was demonstrated (by Percivall Pott in 1775). A number of definite physical and chemical causes of skin cancer are now known. The necessity of biopsy for diagnosis is pointed out, and the several present modalities of therapy (surgery, electrosurgery, radiation, cryosurgery, and chemo‐surgery) are enumerated. The high degree of success of these agents will be enhanced by the further development of topical chemotherapy and immune therapy, both of which have already added a new dimension to the treatment in certain cases. Mention is made of the hospital cancer programs and the importance of the dermatologist's taking part in his hospital's cancer program. A closer liaison between the dermatologist and the surgeon, the radiologist, and the pathologist is urged to bring about more effective therapy. The desirability of an oncologist as a part of every medical school faculty and in every sizable community in order to achieve maximum improvement of medical care for the cancer patient is stressed. Further advances are on the way, and the outlook for the future of cancer control is optimistic.
Effect of biopsy on the prognosis of melanoma
Authors: Epstein Ervin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRuthless surgery in black cutaneous lesions leads to increased morbidity and mutilation. Only 2 percent of such black tumors are melanomatous. Clinical diagnosis is difficult and often erroneous. Investigations by others indicate that partial removal of nevi does not result in malignant transformation. Longevity in patients with true melanoma is not decreased by incomplete biopsy procedures followed by definitive, hopefully curative surgery even 1 week later. Seemingly, the prognosis is improved by prophylactic lymph node dissection, but since the herein reported study was conducted on localized melanomas only, it is possible that the apparent improved outlook resulted from the elimination of patients with microscopic metastases from this series. Therefore, the ideal amount of tissue to be removed in attacking an undiagnosed black neoplasm is the amount necessary to establish a histopathologic diagnosis.
Chemosurgery for the microscopically controlled excision of skin cancer
Authors: Mohs Frederic E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemosurgery is a method by which cutaneous cancers can be excised under complete microscopic control by the systematic use of frozen sections. The technique consists of three main steps: (1) application of a zinc chloride fixative paste, (2) excision of a layer of fixed tissue, and (3) systematic microscopic scanning of frozen sections cut through the undersurface of the specimens. The procedure is repeated in the cancerous areas until a completely cancer‐free plane is reached. Advantages of the method are unprecedented reliability, conservatism, low operative mortality, excellent healing, and the fact that it extends operability to many patients with cancers too extensive for hope of cure by other methods. Special training is essential for optimal results. Though the method is used by over 50 physicians, more should be trained so that chemosurgery is available in every large population center.
Radiation therapy of skin carcinoma
Authors: Murphy Walter T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRadiation therapy of basal or squamous cell carcinomas of the skin can be successful in most patients. This is true even in problem patients such as those with (1) lesions over 10 cm in greatest diameter, (2) lesions invading muscle, cartilage, or bone, (3) lesions in extremities, (4) lesions recurrent under surgical skin reconstruction, and (5) lesions in chronic radiodermatitis. The irradiation sources should be skillfully applied in customized fashion by clinicians trained in the radiotherapeutic aspects of skin cancer.
Topical therapy with 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Jansen G. Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractActinic keratoses are unsightly and may be precancerous. Solitary or localized lesions respond adequately to many forms of treatment. However, widespread multiple actinic keratoses can best be treated with topical 5‐fluorouracil. The exact mode of action is not known, but we can presume it is related to the clearly established effect of this drug upon RNA and DNA synthesis. This treatment is almost ideal, since it usually destroys the keratoses selectively, without significant alteration in normal skin. A 1 or 2 percent solution is made by diluting the 10 ml ampule with propylene glycol. This liquid is applied two times daily to the involved areas for a 2–4 week period. Lesions on the face and neck respond more quickly than those of the hands and arms. A brisk, painful, inflammatory reaction at the site of the keratoses is anticipated and used as an indicator of the end point of treatment. Once treatment is discontinued, the erythema usually subsides in 2 weeks and the skin becomes smooth and free of keratoses. Not all keratoses respond, and untoward reactions such as phototoxicity, irritation of the mucous membranes, contact sensitivity, and alteration of pigmentation can occur. Although resolution of the keratoses persists for years, should they return reapplication is usually effective again.
Review of a 3‐year experience with topical chemotherapy and immunotherapy of superficial cutaneous neoplasms
Authors: Cavins John A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 3‐year experience with topical chemo‐ and immunotherapy of superficial cutaneous neoplasms is reviewed. Agents used were 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), Trenimon (TEIB), and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The antitumor effect of FU is a result of direct cytostatic action, whereas that of TEIB and DNCB is mediated by delayed hypersensitivity. All drugs were prepared in a hydrophilic ointment base. The treatment of patients with diagnoses of solar keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (in situ), utilizing the above agents either singly or in combination, is described. Complete response was noted in over 98 percent of the lesions treated. The interrelationship of this modality with surgical excision and radiotherapy is emphasized.
Tumors of the skin. XII. Topical 5‐fluorouracil for epidermal neoplasms
Authors: Klein Edmund , Stoll Howard L. , Milgrom Halina , Helm Frederick , Walker Mary J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOur studies have been carried out in over 500 patients with an aggregate of more than 15,000 lesions for observation periods in excess of 5 years. Topical chemotherapy with 5‐FU was shown to result in selective eradication of premalignant and superficial malignant lesions of the skin. Since the action of 5‐FU is selective, it produces minimal or no effects on normal tissues adjacent to tumors. Healing therefore occurs with slight or no apparent scarring. Topical chemotherapy is indicated for solar keratoses and other precancerous lesions as well as for multiple superficial primary skin cancers when standard therapeutic measures are not suitable because large areas of the skin are involved by persistently developing tumors. Topical cancer chemotherapy induces the resolution of premalignant skin lesions and prevents their further development to the malignant stage. Early primary skin cancers and premalignant lesions react to topical antitumor agents before they are otherwise clinically detectable. These tumors can therefore be eradicated before they present significant clinical problems. Early detection and eradication of skin cancers and premalignant skin lesions furthermore result in the reduction of the subsequent incidence of clinically significant tumors. Local chemotherapy therefore appears to have prophylactic value. Local administration of 5‐FU results in high concentrations of the antitumor agent at the tumor site, although the total amount administered and the rate of absorption are relatively low. General toxicity such as bone marrow depression and other systemic side‐effects are therefore not encountered with local cancer chemotherapy. Superficially located neoplasms are suitable model systems for the study of tumor biology. Local chemotherapy indicates that differential and selective chemical effects can be produced in neoplastic cells and their normal counterparts. Studies on local chemotherapy demonstrate that the selective eradication of malignant disease in many by chemical means is feasible.
Topical chemotherapy of advanced cutaneous malignancy with 5‐fluorouracil creme
Authors: Litwin Martin S. , Ryan Robert F. , Reed Richard J. , Krementz Edward T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractKlein et al. have demonstrated that basal cell carcinoma responds favorably to topical applications of 5‐fluorouracil in an aquaphor creme base. In the present study 53 patients with advanced cutaneous basal cell and epidermoid carcinoma were treated with 5, 10, or 20 percent 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in an aquaphor creme base to determine whether this mode of therapy might be superior to surgical excision or irradiation therapy. Patients included in the study fulfilled at least one of the following criteria on which the diagnosis of advanced cutaneous malignancy was made: (1) Primary epidermoid or basal cell carcinoma of the skin—(a) 2.0 cm in diameter or larger, or (b) involving deeper structures such as cartilage on the ear or bone on the top of the head, or (c) occurring in an area that would require a major surgical procedure to cure, or (d) requiring extensive irradiation therapy to cure. (2) Recurrent lesion at a site where a previous malignant lesion had been adequately treated. (3) Repeated solitary lesions occurring at different anatomic sites. (4) Multiple lesions, at least one of which was malignant, occurring simultaneously over a wide cutaneous area. The appropriate concentration of 5‐FU creme was applied once daily for a minimum of 6 weeks and an average period of 9 weeks. One patient with a Marjolin's ulcer was treated in the hospital, and the remainder were treated on an outpatient basis. Pathologic diagnosis were as follows: basal cell, 35; epidermoid, 9; carcinoma in situ, 4; basal cell and epidermoid in the same patient, 3; and basosquamous, 2. In 50 patients progressive inflammation, gradual regression, disappearance, and healing were noted. Only malignant and premalignant tissue and its stroma appeared to be affected, while normal skin was affected only slightly or not at all. Healing occurred primarily with minimal or no scar formation. No local or invasive sepsis occurred. In three patients an apparently adequate inflammatory response was achieved, but the primary disease process was not eradicated; two of these patients had epidermoid carcinoma and one had basal cell carcinoma. Except for one patient who has been followed for 2 months since completing chemotherapy, the post‐treatment follow‐up period has ranged from 4 months to 2 years. The average follow‐up period is 9 mouths. These preliminary results seem to indicate that daily topical application of an appropriate concentration of 5‐fluorouracil in an aquaphor creme base for at least 6 weeks to advanced cutaneous basal cell or epiderrnoid Carcinoma is the treatment of choice when the diseaseis diffuse, there are no obvious metastases, and the procedure necessary to totally remove the involved area would be unusually mutilating.
A comparison of chemical peeling, dermabrasion, and 5‐fluorouracil in cancer prophylaxis
Authors: Spira M. , Freeman R. G. , Arfai P. , Gerow F. J. , Hardy S. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of a clinical comparison among chemical peeling, dermabrasion, and topical application of 5‐fluorouracil show that the last treatment is the most efficacious, both as a treatment for actinic keratoses and as a prophylaxis against new lesions. The application of 5‐fluorouracil is also the easiest method to use and the most economical.