bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of postoperative critically ill patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: an observational retrospective case-control study
Authors: Gettings Elise M , Brush Kathryn A , Van Cott Elizabeth M , Hurford William E 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Introduction
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is described as a decrease in platelet count associated with heparin administration and is an immune-mediated adverse drug reaction that can cause both arterial and venous thromboses. It can be a life-threatening complication of heparin exposure. Little data concerning incidence, predisposing factors, or outcome in critically ill surgical patients are available.

Methods
All critically ill, postoperative patients admitted between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2001, to a surgical intensive care unit (SICU) who tested positive by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the HIT antibody (HPIA; Diagnostica Stago, Inc., Parsippany, NJ, USA) were identified. Patient risk factors and outcomes were abstracted retrospectively from the medical record and compared with those from control patients matched for age, gender, diagnosis, severity of illness, and date of SICU admission.

Results
Two hundred and ten patients out of 2,046 patients (10%) admitted to the SICU had HIT assays performed. Nineteen patients (0.9% of admissions; 9% of tested individuals) had positive tests. HIT-antibody-positive patients, compared with 19 matched controls, had an increased risk of death or major thrombotic complications (37% versus 10%; P < 0.05) and prolonged length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (20 days versus 10 days; P < 0.05). Exposure to heparin via intravascular flushes alone was sufficient to generate HIT antibodies in 12 of 19 (63%) patients. Five patients received platelet transfusions after the diagnosis of HIT was known; four of these patients died.

Conclusion
Heparin flushes were the most common cause of HIT in this study. HIT-antibody-positive patients had an increased risk of death or major complications and a prolonged length of ICU stay. Platelet transfusions often were administered despite a positive HIT test result and were associated with a high mortality rate. Treatment algorithms that minimize exposure to heparin and contraindicate platelet transfusions merit further study.
Allozyme and Microsatellite DNA Analyses of Lingcod from Puget Sound, Washington, and Adjoining Waters
Authors: LeClair Larry L. , Young Sewall F. , Shaklee James B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn all, 472 lingcod Ophiodon elongatus from six areas of Puget Sound, the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the outer coast of Washington were assayed for 44 allozyme and 9 microsatellite DNA loci to investigate possible population subdivision. Levels of genetic variation at many of the allozyme loci and all of the microsatellite DNA loci were reasonably high, and there was no evidence of significant Hardy–Weinberg or linkage disequilibrium. Pairwise genotypic tests of population differentiation showed no evidence of genetic structuring among the 23 variable allozyme loci, the 9 microsatellite loci, or all 32 variable loci combined. The results of this investigation are consistent with the existence of a single genetic stock of lingcod throughout the greater Puget Sound region, including the Strait of Juan de Fuca and San Juan Islands. Despite the fact that most of the collections we analyzed did not consist of spawning fish from the spawning grounds, we believe that the combined absence of significant outcomes in the population differentiation tests and the absence of significant heterozygote deficits at any of the 32 variable loci make it highly unlikely that there is significant genetic divergence among the greater Puget Sound populations analyzed in this study. Allozyme data obtained from inland populations in this study were compared with previously published allozyme data from the outer coast. No difference was detected when summed over all variable loci.
Influence of Stream Discharge on Reproductive Success of a Prairie Stream Fish Assemblage
Authors: Durham Bart W. , Wilde Gene R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe studied the relationship between stream discharge and reproductive success for five members of a prairie stream fish assemblage. Based on information obtained from the literature, we constructed seven models relating stream discharge to successful reproduction. To assess the utility of our models, we collected larval and juvenile Arkansas River shiners Notropis girardi, peppered chub Macrhybopsis tetranema, plains minnow Hybognathus placitus, flathead chub Platygobio gracilis, and red shiners Cyprinella lutrensis from the Canadian River, Texas, during 2000–2001. We removed otoliths and counted daily growth increments to determine ages. Models were parameterized by use of age and discharge data. Models were evaluated with the Akaike information criterion likelihood statistic to assess which model(s) best described reproductive success for each species. Of the seven models evaluated, the best overall model predicted that reproductive success was uniform across dates when discharge was present in the river; however, reproduction was predicted to be unsuccessful during periods when the river was confined to isolated pools. These results suggest that the presence of discharge in the river may be more important for successful reproduction of prairie stream cyprinids than the magnitude of discharge.
Treatment Issues in Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary: A Different Entity?
Authors: Pectasides Dimitrios , Pectasides Eirini , Psyrri Amanda , Economopoulos Theofanis 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the clinical features of OCCC.Discuss the current data regarding treatment strategies and outcome of patients with OCCC.Explain the rationale for using alternative treatment approaches (i.e., clinical trials) in patients with OCCC.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Background. Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a distinct histopathologic subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with an incidence of &lt;5% of all ovarian malignancies. Our goal was to review the clinical features and management of patients with OCCC.
Methods and Results. We performed a PubMed search using the phrase “clear cell ovarian cancer.” We reviewed 54 articles referring to OCCC. OCCC patients have a high incidence of stage I disease and frequently present with a large pelvic mass. Recurrences are more frequent with this entity than with other types of EOC. The clinical management of advanced EOC includes maximal cytoreduction and platinum plus paclitaxel–based chemotherapy. The survival rates of patients with advanced OCCC are lower than those of patients with advanced serous EOC (serous subtype). The poor response rate to platinum-based regimens may be related to the intrinsic chemoresistance of these tumors. Despite their aggressive clinical course, OCCCs are still treated similarly to the other EOCs at the present time, because the rarity of these tumors prevents the conduction of randomized studies.
Conclusion. Novel treatment approaches should be adopted in OCCC. Molecular-targeted therapies and effective new agents without cross-resistance to platinum compounds should be evaluated in a prospective clinical trial in OCCC.
Factors associated with shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum versus Cryptosporidium bovis among dairy cattle in New York State
Authors: Starkey Simon R. , Zeigler Peter E. , Wade Susan E. , Schaaf Stephanie L. , Mohammed Hussni O. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Objective—To isolate and speciate Cryptosporidium DNA from fecal samples obtained from dairy cattle in New York State and identify factors associated with whether cattle were shedding Cryptosporidium parvum versus Cryptosporidium bovis.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Sample Population—115 fecal samples positive for DNA coding for the Cryptosporidium 18S rRNA gene from dairy cattle in New York State.
Procedures—A PCR assay was used to amplify DNA from fecal samples; amplification products were submitted for bidirectional DNA sequencing. Logistic regression was used to test for associations between various host factors and Cryptosporidium spp.
Results—70 of the 115 (61%) fecal samples were found to have C parvum DNA, 42 (37%) were determined to have C bovis DNA, and 3 (3%) were found to have C parvum deer-type DNA. The presence of diarrhea at the time of fecal sample collection, oocyst count, and breed were associated with whether cattle were infected with C parvum or C bovis, with animals more likely to be infected with C parvum if they had diarrhea, had a high oocyst count, or were Holsteins.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that C parvum and C bovis can be isolated from dairy cattle in New York State and that various factors affect whether cattle infected with Cryptosporidium spp are infected with C parvum or C bovis. Findings also lend credence to the theory that C bovis may be more host adapted and thus less pathogenic to dairy cattle than C parvum.
Self‐Reporting Microsensors Inspired by Noctiluca Scintillans for Small‐Defect Positioning and Electrical‐Stress Visualization in Polymers
Authors: Sima Wenxia , Yang Yuhang , Sun Potao , Shi Yuning , Yuan Tao , Yang Ming , Xiong Hongbo , Tang Xinyu , Niu Chaolu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSmall defects induce concentrated electrical stress in dielectric polymers, leading to premature failure of materials. Existing sensing methods fail to effectively visualize these defects owing to the invisible‐energy state of the electric field. Thus, it is necessary to establish a nondestructive method for the real‐time detection of small defects in dielectric polymers. In this study, a self‐reporting microsensor (SRM) inspired by Noctiluca scintillans is designed to endow materials with the ability of self‐detection for defects and electrical stress. The SRM leverages the energy of a nearby electric field to emit measurable fluorescence, enabling defect localization and diagnosis as well as electrical‐stress visualization. A controllable dielectric microsphere is constructed to achieve an adjustable electroluminescence threshold for the SRM, thereby increasing its detection accuracy while decreasing the electroluminescence threshold. The potential degradation in the polymer performance owing to SRM implantation is addressed by assembling long molecular chains on the SRM surface to spontaneously generate an interpenetrating network. Results of finite element analyses and experiments demonstrate that the SRM can effectively realize nondestructive visualization and positioning of small defects and concentrated electrical stress in polymers, positioning it as a promising sensing method for monitoring the electric field and charge distribution in materials.
Bio‐Inspired Ultrathin Perfect Absorber for High‐Performance Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Liao Qihua , Zhu Kaixuan , Hao Xuanzhang , Wu Chunxiao , Li Jing , Cheng Huhu , Yan Jianfeng , Jiang Lan , Qu Liangti 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUltrathin perfect absorber (UPA) enables efficient photothermal conversion (PC) in renewable chemical and energy systems. However, it is challenging so far to obtain efficient absorption with thickness significantly less than the wavelength, especially considering the common view that an ultrathin film can absorb at most 50% of incident light. Here, a highly light‐absorbing and mechanically stable UPA is reported by learning from the honeycomb mirror design of the crab compound eyes. With the hollow apertures enclosed by the self‐supporting ultrathin film of reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles, the absorber achieves spoof‐plasmon enhanced broadband absorption in solar spectrum and low radiative decay in infrared. Specifically, a strong absorption (87%) is realized by the apertures with cross‐section thickness of 1/20 of the wavelength, which is 7.3 times stronger than a planar counterpart with the identical material. Its high PC efficiency up to 64%, with hot‐electron temperature as high as 2344 K, is also experimentally demonstrated. Utilizing its low thermal mass nature, a high‐speed visible‐to‐infrared converter is constructed. The absorber can enable high‐performance PC processes for future interfacial catalysis and photon‐detection.
Nanoscale Methods for Longitudinal Extraction of Intracellular Contents
Authors: Quek Ying Jie , Tay Andy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLongitudinal analysis of intracellular contents including gene and protein expression is crucial for deciphering the fundamentally dynamic nature of cells. This offers invaluable insights into complex tissue composition and behavior, and drives progress in disease diagnosis, biomarker discovery, and drug development. Traditional longitudinal analysis workflows, involving the destruction of cells at various timepoints, limit insights to singular moments and fail to account for cellular heterogeneity. Current non‐destructive approaches, like temporal modeling with single‐cell ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA‐seq) and live‐cell fluorescence imaging, either rely on biological assumptions or possess the risk of cellular perturbation. Recent advances in nanoscale technologies for non‐destructive intracellular content extraction offer a promising solution to these challenges. These novel methods work at the nanoscale to non‐destructively access cellular membranes and can be broadly classified into three mechanisms: tip‐facilitated aspiration, membrane‐based, and probe‐based methods. This perspective focuses on these emerging nanotechnologies for repeated intracellular content extraction. Their potential in longitudinal analysis is discussed, the critical requirements for effective repeated sampling are addressed, and the suitability of each technique for various applications is explored. Furthermore, unresolved challenges in repeated sampling are highlighted to encourage further research in this growing field.
Line Edge Roughness Effects on the Thermoelectric Properties of Armchair Black Phosphorene Nanoribbons
Authors: Pishevar Ebrahim , Karamitaheri Hossein 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the thermoelectric properties of armchair black phosphorene nanoribbons while considering the presence of line edge roughness. Employing the tight‐binding method in conjunction with non‐equilibrium Green's function techniques and Landauer formulas, the impact of various parameters on thermoelectric performance is explored. These findings reveal that the electrical conductivity and, consequently, the power factor exhibits an increasing trend with expanding ribbon length and width. This behavior can be attributed to heightened collision rates, particularly in narrow ribbons, induced by line edge roughness as length increases. Remarkably, the Seebeck coefficient at the Fermi energy corresponding to the maximum power factor remains nearly constant across different widths, lengths, temperatures, and transport regimes. Furthermore, the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) demonstrates a positive correlation with both ribbon length and width. In narrow widths and lengths ≈1000 nm, the power factor and figure of merit exhibit an upward trend with ribbon width. However, with further increases in ribbon width, the influence of line edge roughness on thermal conductivity diminishes. Consequently, the figure of merit decreases due to the rise in thermal conductivity. Notably, the thermoelectric figure of merit is higher for short and narrow ribbons and long and wider ribbons.
Matrix Metalloproteinase‐Responsive Hydrogel with On‐Demand Release of Phosphatidylserine Promotes Bone Regeneration Through Immunomodulation
Authors: Zhang Mingjin , Yu Tingting , Li Jing , Yan Huichun , Lyu Liang , Yu Yi , Yang Gengchen , Zhang Ting , Zhou Yanheng , Wang Xing , Liu Dawei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInflammation‐responsive hydrogels loaded with therapeutic factors are effective biomaterials for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐responsive injectable hydrogel is constructed by integrating an MMP‐cleavable peptide (pp) into a covalent tetra‐armed poly‐(ethylene glycol) (PEG) network for precise drug release upon inflammation stimulation. To establish a pro‐regenerative environment, phosphatidylserine (PS) is encapsulated into a scaffold to form the PEG‐pp‐PS network, which could be triggered by MMP to release a large amount of PS during the early stage of inflammation and retain drug release persistently until the later stage of bone repair. The hydrogel is found to be mechanically and biologically adaptable to the complex bone defect area. In vivo and in vitro studies further demonstrated the ability of PEG‐pp‐PS to transform macrophages into the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype and promote osteogenic differentiation, thus, resulting in new bone regeneration. Therefore, this study provides a facile, safe, and promising cell‐free strategy on simultaneous immunoregulation and osteoinduction in bone engineering.
Framework Nucleic Acids‐Based VEGF Signaling Activating System for Angiogenesis: A Dual Stimulation Strategy
Authors: Ge Yichen , Wang Qingxuan , Yao Yangxue , Xin Qin , Sun Jiafei , Chen Wen , Lin Yunfeng , Cai Xiaoxiao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAngiogenesis is crucial for tissue engineering, wound healing, and regenerative medicine. Nanomaterials constructed based on specific goals can be employed to activate endogenous growth factor‐related signaling. In this study, based on the conventional single‐stranded DNA self‐assembly into tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), the Apt02 nucleic acid aptamer and dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG) small molecule are integrated into a complex via a template‐based click chemistry reaction and toehold‐mediated strand displacement reaction. Thus, being able to simulate the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) function and stabilize HIF (hypoxia‐inducible factor), a functional whole is constructed and applied to angiogenesis. Cellular studies demonstrate that the tFNAs‐Apt02 complex (TAC) has a conspicuous affinity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Further incubation with DMOG yields the tFNAs‐Apt02‐DMOG complex (TACD), which promotes VEGF secretion, in vitro blood vessel formation, sprouting, and migration of HUVECs. Additionally, TACD enhances angiogenesis by upregulating the VEGF/VEGFR and HIF signaling pathways. Moreover, in a diabetic mouse skin defect repair process, TACD increases blood vessel formation and collagen deposition, therefore accelerating wound healing. The novel strategy simulating VEGF and stabilizing HIF promotes blood‐vessel formation in vivo and in vitro and has the potential for broad applications in the vascularization field.
Recent Progress in Nucleic Acid Pulmonary Delivery toward Overcoming Physiological Barriers and Improving Transfection Efficiency
Authors: Wang Qiyue , Bu Chaozhi , Dai Qihao , Chen Jinhua , Zhang Ruitao , Zheng Xiaomin , Ren Hao , Xin Xiaofei , Li Xueming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPulmonary delivery of therapeutic agents has been considered the desirable administration route for local lung disease treatment. As the latest generation of therapeutic agents, nucleic acid has been gradually developed as gene therapy for local diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and lung fibrosis. The features of nucleic acid, specific physiological structure, and pathophysiological barriers of the respiratory tract have strongly affected the delivery efficiency and pulmonary bioavailability of nucleic acid, directly related to the treatment outcomes. The development of pharmaceutics and material science provides the potential for highly effective pulmonary medicine delivery. In this review, the key factors and barriers are first introduced that affect the pulmonary delivery and bioavailability of nucleic acids. The advanced inhaled materials for nucleic acid delivery are further summarized. The recent progress of platform designs for improving the pulmonary delivery efficiency of nucleic acids and their therapeutic outcomes have been systematically analyzed, with the application and the perspectives of advanced vectors for pulmonary gene delivery.
Metabolism/Immunity Dual‐Regulation Thermogels Potentiating Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma Through Lactate‐Excretion Inhibition and PD‐1/PD‐L1 Blockade
Authors: Li Tianliang , Xu Dan , Ruan Zhao , Zhou Jie , Sun Wenbo , Rao Bo , Xu Haibo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntrinsic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM) and insufficient tumor infiltration of T cells severely impede the progress of glioblastoma (GBM) immunotherapy. In this study, it is identify that inhibiting the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) can facilitate the prevention of lactate excretion from tumor glycolysis, which significantly alleviates the lactate‐driven ITM by reducing immunosuppressive tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Simultaneously, the findings show that the generated inflammatory cytokine IFN‐γ during immune activation aggravates the immune escape by upregulating immune checkpoint programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in tumor cells and TAMs. Therefore, an injectable thermogel loaded with a GLUT1 inhibitor BAY‐876 and a PD‐1/PD‐L1 blocker BMS‐1 (Gel@B‐B) for dual‐regulation of metabolism and immunity of GBM is developed. Consequently, in situ injection of Gel@B‐B significantly delays tumor growth and prolongs the survival of the orthotopic GBM mouse model. By actively exposing tumor antigens to antigen‐presenting cells, the GBM vaccine combined with Gel@B‐B is found to significantly increase the fraction of effector T cells (Th1/CTLs) in the tumor microenvironment, thereby remarkably mitigating tumor recurrence long‐term. This study may provide a promising strategy for GBM immunotherapy.
Progress in Performance of AlGaN‐Based Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lang Jing , Xu Fujun , Wang Jiaming , Zhang Lisheng , Fang Xuzhou , Zhang Ziyao , Guo Xueqi , Ji Chen , Ji Chengzhi , Tan Fuyun , Wu Yong , Yang Xuelin , Kang Xiangning , Qin Zhixin , Tang Ning , Wang Xinqiang , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlGaN‐based ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes (UV‐LEDs) have the advantages of mercury (Hg) pollution free, small size, high efficiency, and so on, and are widely used in military, medical, and industrial fields, which are considered to be the most promising alternative to the traditional Hg lamps. Great efforts are made over the past few decades to improve the device performance, thereby meeting the commercial production and application requirements of UV‐LEDs, which is always accompanied by a series of interesting physical topics. In this review, the recent research progress in performance of AlGaN‐based UV‐LEDs is summarized from the perspectives of electrical injection, electro‐optical conversion, and light extraction, which are responsible for the operation of devices. The detailed discussions include the major challenges, the corresponding technological breakthroughs, and also the outlook of material growth, energy band modulation, as well as device fabrication involved in UV‐LEDs, which are expected to be helpful for the thorough comprehension of device physics and further development of AlGaN‐based UV‐LEDs.