bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of acquired cisplatin resistance on the response of a xenografted human hypopharynx carcinoma to concurrent radiochemotherapy with cisplatin
Authors: Jäckel Martin , Tausch‐Treml Robert , Köpf‐Maier Petra 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe optimum integration of chemotherapy and irradiation is of potential clinical significance in the treatment of advanced head and neck carcinomas. In the present study, the interaction of cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) with fractionated radiotherapy was investigated in a human hypopharynx carcinoma and a cisplatin‐resistant subline of this tumor, both growing in athymic mice. Two radiochemotherapy schedules which tested single as well as combined‐modality treatments were applied. After therapy, the tumor sizes were measured three times per week in order to determine growth delay and treatment:control (T/C) ratios. The results revealed approximately additive effects of both agents in the parent hypopharynx carcinoma. In the resistant subline, such an interaction did not appear after treatment with any of the investigated schedules. However, a significant cross‐resistance between cisplatin and radiation was detectable. It can be concluded that multiple courses of a platinum‐based induction chemotherapy may be disadvantageous, since the treated tumors may develop drug resistance which obviously limits the effectiveness of a subsequent combined‐modality approach.
Cervical necrotizing fasciitis
Authors: Maisel Robert H. , Karlen Richard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNine cases of cervical necrotizing faciitis are presented. Five were odontogenic, three were pharyngeal in origin, and one developed from a soft‐tissue spider bite. The bacteriology represented a polyculture of gram‐positive, gram‐negative, as well as anaerobic bacteria, and initial medical treatment by third‐generation cephalosporin and metronidazole or clindamycin was successful and is recommended. Airway control is necessary early, as is a wide exploration of the fascial spaces of the neck, with frequent reexploration in either the operating room or at the bedside to evaluate the effects of treatment and to prevent further progression of the disease. Intensive medical support is crucial, and hyperbaric oxygen is advised for patients who are deteriorating under standard therapy.
Patency of the internal jugular vein following modified radical neck dissection
Authors: Cotter Cheryl S. , Stringer Scott P. , Landau Steven , Cassisi Nicholas J. , Mancuso Anthony A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough the internal jugular vein is commonly preserved in modified radical neck dissections, the English literature contains only a single study assessing postoperative vein patency including only 13 patients. The present study was instituted to better determine the patency of the internal jugular vein following modified radical neck dissection and to identify factors associated with venous occlusion. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 69 patients undergoing 79 vein sparing neck dissections. Sixty‐eight veins (86%) were patent postoperatively. A retrospective chart review revealed that compression by either a musculocutaneous flap or recurrent carcinoma in the neck was associated with venous occlusion. We conclude that the internal jugular vein is likely to remain patent after modified radical neck dissection with vein preservation.
Mucociliary activity and histopathology of sinus mucosa in experimental maxillary sinusitis: A comparison of systemic administration of antibiotic and antibiotic delivery by polylactic acid polymer
Authors: Min Yang‐Gi , Kim Young‐Ki , Choi Young‐Seok , Shin Jin‐Sung , Juhn Steven K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic delivered by polyactic acid (PLA) polymer in sinusitis, we induced maxillary sinusitis in 32 New Zealand white rabbits by occluding the sinus ostium and inoculating the sinus cavity with Streptococcus pneumoniae. The rabbits were divided into three groups consisting of group 1 (control group, 8 rabbits), which was treated only by reopening the ostium; group 2, which was treated by both reopening the ostium and injecting ampicillin intramuscularly (40 mg/kg/day in three divided doses, 12 rabbits); and group 3 (12 rabbits) in which a piece of PLA‐polymer ampicillin (0.326 mg) sheet (1.5 × 1.5 cm) was placed within the sinus after re‐establishing ostial patency.The light microscopic findings such as epithelial ulceration, loss of cilia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and edema were less pronounced in group 2 and minimal in group 3. The electron microscopic findings such as swelling of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum and protruded cytoplasm were severest in the control group, followed by groups 2 and 3. The mucociliary transport speed measured at the medial wall of the maxillary sinus was highest in group 3. The results of this study suggest that treatment with PLA‐polymer ampicillin may have a better efficacy in maxillary sinusitis than that with systemic administration of ampicillin.
Management of carotid artery rupture by monitored endovascular therapeutic occlusion (1988‐1994)
Authors: Citardi Martin J. , Chaloupka John C. , Son Yung H. , Ariyan Stephan , Sasaki Clarence T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe reported mortality (40%) and neurologic morbidity (25%) rates for carotid rupture remain unacceptably high. This study was conducted to assess the impact of endovascular detachable balloon occlusion and the changing characteristics of carotid rupture in head and neck surgery. Between January 1, 1988, and June 30, 1994, 18 carotid ruptures were identified in 15 patients. Etiologic factors included radical surgery, radiation therapy, wound complications, and recurrent or persistent carcinoma. In 15 of 18 instances of carotid rupture, patients survived without major neurologic sequelae. After the introduction of endovascular techniques in 1991, the 12 patients whose hemorrhage was definitively managed through permanent balloon occlusion survived without significant neurologic sequelae. Endovascular occlusion techniques in the monitored patient may significantly improve the outcome after carotid rupture.
Reduced Dosage of pos-1 Suppresses Mex Mutants and Reveals Complex Interactions Among CCCH Zinc-Finger Proteins During Caenorhabditis elegans Embryogenesis
Authors: Tenlen Jennifer R , Schisa Jennifer A , Diede Scott J , Page Barbara D 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Cell fate specification in the early C. elegans embryo requires the activity of a family of proteins with CCCH zinc-finger motifs. Two members of the family, MEX-5 and MEX-6, are enriched in the anterior of the early embryo where they inhibit the accumulation of posterior proteins. Embryos from mex-5 single-mutant mothers are inviable due to the misexpression of SKN-1, a transcription factor that can specify mesoderm and endoderm. The aberrant expression of SKN-1 causes a loss of hypodermal and neuronal tissue and an excess of pharyngeal muscle, a Mex phenotype (muscle excess). POS-1, a third protein with CCCH motifs, is concentrated in the posterior of the embryo where it restricts the expression of at least one protein to the anterior. We discovered that reducing the dosage of pos-1(+) can suppress the Mex phenotype of mex-5(−) embryos and that POS-1 binds the 3′-UTR of mex-6. We propose that the suppression of the Mex phenotype by reducing pos-1(+) is due to decreased repression of mex-6 translation. Our detailed analyses of these protein functions reveal complex interactions among the CCCH finger proteins and suggest that their complementary expression patterns might be refined by antagonistic interactions among them.
Functional Analysis of Genes Differentially Expressed in the Drosophila Wing Disc: Role of Transcripts Enriched in the Wing Region
Authors: Jacobsen Thomas L , Cain Donna , Paul Litty , Justiniano Steven , Alli Anwar , Mullins Jeremi S , Wang Chun Ping , Butchar Jon P , Simcox Amanda 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Differential gene expression is the major mechanism underlying the development of specific body regions. Here we assessed the role of genes differentially expressed in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, which gives rise to two distinct adult structures: the body wall and the wing. Reverse genetics was used to test the function of uncharacterized genes first identified in a microarray screen as having high levels of expression in the presumptive wing. Such genes could participate in elaborating the specific morphological characteristics of the wing. The activity of the genes was modulated using misexpression and RNAi-mediated silencing. Misexpression of eight of nine genes tested caused phenotypes. Of 12 genes tested, 10 showed effective silencing with RNAi transgenes, but only 3 of these had resulting phenotypes. The wing phenotypes resulting from RNAi suggest that CG8780 is involved in patterning the veins in the proximal region of the wing blade and that CG17278 and CG30069 are required for adhesion of wing surfaces. Venation and apposition of the wing surfaces are processes specific to wing development providing a correlation between the expression and function of these genes. The results show that a combination of expression profiling and tissue-specific gene silencing has the potential to identify new genes involved in wing development and hence to contribute to our understanding of this process. However, there are both technical and biological limitations to this approach, including the efficacy of RNAi and the role that gene redundancy may play in masking phenotypes.
Roles of PriA Protein and Double-Strand DNA Break Repair Functions in UV-Induced Restriction Alleviation inEscherichia coli
Authors: Ivančić-Baće Ivana , Vlašić Ignacija , Čogelja-Čajo Gordana , Brčić-Kostić Krunoslav , Salaj-Šmic Erika 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt has been widely considered that DNA modification protects the chromosome of bacteria E. coli K-12 against their own restriction–modification systems. Chromosomal DNA is protected from degradation by methylation of target sequences. However, when unmethylated target sequences are generated in the host chromosome, the endonuclease activity of the EcoKI restriction-modification enzyme is inactivated by the ClpXP protease and DNA is protected. This process is known as restriction alleviation (RA) and it can be induced by UV irradiation (UV-induced RA). It has been proposed that chromosomal unmethylated target sequences, a signal for the cell to protect its own DNA, can be generated by homologous recombination during the repair of damaged DNA. In this study, we wanted to further investigate the genetic requirements for recombination proteins involved in the generation of unmethylated target sequences. For this purpose, we monitored the alleviation of EcoKI restriction by measuring the survival of unmodified λ in UV-irradiated cells. Our genetic analysis showed that UV-induced RA is dependent on the excision repair protein UvrA, the RecA-loading activity of the RecBCD enzyme, and the primosome assembly activity of the PriA helicase and is partially dependent on RecFOR proteins. On the basis of our results, we propose that unmethylated target sequences are generated at the D-loop by the strand exchange of two hemi-methylated duplex DNAs and subsequent initiation of DNA replication.
Selection of Stem Cells by Using Antibodies That Target Different CD34 Epitopes Yields Different Patterns of T-Cell Differentiation
Authors: Otto Mario , Chen Xiaohua , Martin William J. , Leung Wing , Knowles James , Holladay Marti , Houston Jim , Handgretinger Rupert , Barfield Raymond C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the patterns of T-cell differentiation from CD34+ human stem cells selected with different classes of antibody targeting the CD34 molecule. We compared signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circle (sjTREC) production in thymocytes selected with different classes of anti-CD34 antibody. Based on these results, we studied immune reconstitution in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice using human stem cells selected with the same antibodies that yielded variation in the thymocytes. Human CD34+ stem cells were immunomagnetically selected using the class II QBEnd antibody (prevalent in clinical graft engineering) and the class III 8G12 antibody (common in diagnostic tests). Engraftment and T-cell reconstitution were examined after transplantation. Thymocytes selected with the 8G12 class III antibody have a higher TREC production than those selected with the QBEnd class II antibody. Of mice transplanted with cells selected using the 8G12 antibody, 50% had sjTREC production, compared with 14% of mice transplanted with cells selected using the clinically common antibody QBEnd. 8G12 thymic progenitors are characterized by higher quality in thymic distribution and higher activity in T-cell differentiation. Using class III antibody targeting the CD34 molecule resulted in increased T-cell reconstitution in the NOD/SCID mouse. Use of a single antibody epitope targeting the CD34 molecule may lead to loss of cells that might provide richer T-cell reconstitution. Use of different or multiple epitopes, targeting of alternate stem cell markers, or use of cell-depletion strategies might prevent this loss.
Novel Therapeutic Developments Other Than EGFR and VEGF Inhibition in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wilson Richard H. 
Published: October 2006

Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the current status of new cytotoxics that may provide new treatment paradigms for patients with colorectal cancer.Explain these new agents’ mechanisms of action.Discuss the current clinical development of these agents and how they might be integrated into the current armamentarium.Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Photodynamic Therapy in Oncology
Authors: Triesscheijn Martijn , Baas Paul , Schellens Jan H. M. , Stewart Fiona A. 
Published: October 2006

Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the safety and side effects of PDT.Identify appropriate indications for PDT.Explain the choice of PDT over other treatment modalities.Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Influence of Passive Humidification on Nasal Conditioning
Authors: Keck Tilman , Dürr Jochen , Leiacker Richard , Rozsasi Ajnacska , Rettinger Gerhard , Rother Timo 
Published: October 2006

Background Passive humidifiers (PH) have been beneficial to upper and lower airway humidity, especially in patients who are in a long-time ventilated intensive care unit. The goal of this pilot study was to provide nasal conditioning data and measure the benefit of a nasal PH to spontaneously breathing, conscious subjects. Methods Eleven healthy volunteers had to wear a PH for 1 hour, which was introduced into both nasal vestibules. The PH had a heat and moisture restoring body of polyurethane foam with an open-pore structure. Before and after application of the nasal PH, nasal conditioning was measured and nasal symptoms were assessed by the participants. Results Ten minutes after removal of the PH a significant increase was observed for the scores for nasal patency and nasal humidity. Conclusion We hypothesize that the nasal PH could provide a valuable contribution to the supportive therapy of diseases that accompany nasal mucosal dryness.
Agent Intellects: Pattern as a Form of Thought
Authors: Keller Ed , Leitao Carla 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntegrating qualities and aspects particular to their previously independent practices, the work of Ed Keller and Carla Leitao of collaborative design and research practice a|Um Studio spans scales and sites of application. The practice embodies a collective intelligence in a number of ways. At the scale of design practice the collaboration bridges the design cultures of Europe and the US. At the scale of urban practice, its large‐scale planning proposals investigate forms of collective use and activity within the city. In addition, its interactive installations and gaming interfaces explore the potential of film and responsive technology to enable informational exchange and production. Copyright © 2006 Ed Keller & Carla Leitao. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
CONTINUUM: A Self‐Engineering Creature‐Culture
Authors: Ednie‐Brown Pia , Andrasek Alisa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn interdisciplinary design research collaborative led by Alisa Andrasek, CONTINUUM emerged from a series of design research seminars at Columbia University's graduate school of architecture. Working collaboratively with Robert Aish, Andresek's workshops explored the potential of the new Bentley Systems' GenerativeComponents design software, which at the time was in beta testing. CONTINUUM was formed to extend the possibilities of such collaborations and has expanded its network, occupying an interesting and unique territory of intersecting interests between academia, corporate practice and the companies that create design tools. Traditionally understood as antagonistic, commercial and progressive interests and intentions find common ground in their shared need for research into advanced design software that will enable the retooling of architectural practice. Here, Pia Ednie‐Brown, with illustrations by Alisa Andrasek, examines the unique ways in which CONTINUUM enfolds diverse professional and academic practices. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Language, Life, Code
Authors: R Galloway Alexander , Thacker Eugene 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSoftware increasingly determines what can be designed, constructed and even how design occurs. Here, Alexander R Galloway and Eugene Thacker present a series of investigations with the collaborative Radical Software Group (RSG). Their practice examines the nature of software code as a form of language. Addressing theoretical issues regarding meaning and representation, they argue for thinking more abstractly and generatively about language, and propose a new, or liberated, computer language in which the representational determinations implicit to any software are geared towards innovation in communication and design. By rewriting the software that allows for the transmission and translation of knowledge across previously discrete fields of production, programming allows for new and productive cross‐pollination. Indeed, programming becomes a new site of design that enfolds disciplines not traditionally seen as part of the creative processes of innovation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical Practice: Protocol for a Fused Technology
Authors: Sprecher Aaron , Ahrens Chandler , Neuman Eran 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSoftware created for architecture often presumes a certain repertoire of design intents; software appropriated from other fields does not make such presumptions but introduces translation difficulties into material logics. Aaron Sprecher, Chandler Ahrens and Eran Neuman describe how their collaborative design group, Open Source Architecture (O‐S‐A), has worked with structural engineers and software developers to create a computational protocol based on a stochastic evolutionary topological optimisation algorithm. This procedure allows architectural designers to work with complex geometries previously limited to the expertise of engineering. In addition to taking the form of a distributed network spanning New York, Los Angeles and Tel Aviv, O‐S‐A opens the possibility for various disciplines (computer science, structural engineering, architectural design) to work with a fluidity and commonality not previously possible. Like the work of RSG (also featured in this issue), here design begins with the construction of a software environment in which a project can occur, and which merges previously distinct areas of expertise. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design Research on Responsive Display Prototypes: Integrating Sensing, Information and Computation Technologies
Authors: Small David , Rothenberg John 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSmall Design Firm, working with Ben Rubin of EAR Studio and artist Ann Hamilton, augments physical architectures with responsive and intelligent electronic interfaces. Recounting their recent collaborations on a series of projects, Small Design Firm's David Small and John Rothenberg discuss how such collaboration builds on generational continuities of technological innovation, and the ways in which their work has developed by recombining their individual interests and areas of expertise into a shared knowledge base through the process of developing specific designs. Physical space and projects thus become a site for the production of collective intelligence both as a design process and in the use of the end product. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does Collaboration Work?
Authors: Kennon Kevin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBringing together a number of design celebrities, among them Greg Lynn, UN Studio, Foreign Office Architects (FOA) and Kevin Kennon Architect, United Architects (UA) was established to create a collaborative proposal for the 2003 competition for a new World Trade Center. Invoking the name as well as the intentions of what started as a similar collaborative formation by established actors and film‐makers in the 1940s (United Artists) to challenge mainstream corporate power, UA attempted to offer more visionary alternatives to the expectations of typical mainstream architectural solutions. Kevin Kennon here presents an insider's perspective on the UA collaboration and employs his unique history, including his former partnership at Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF) to raise important questions about collective design in terms of authorship, identity and practice. Central to his observations are the differences between the efficiency models of corporate teams and truly collaborative endeavours. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strength in Numbers
Authors: Salomon David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDavid Salomon examines the history of the original World Trade Center (WTC) competition of 1962 and the more recent 2003 competition, finding interesting parallels in terms of how commercial and bureaucratic, as well as progressive, forces of innovation intersect over larger debates about control, power and questions of collaborative identity and practice within the city as a political machine, and which figure 9/11 in implicitly provocative ways. The 1962 competition featured another progressive architectural collaboration: Walter Gropius's The Architect's Collaborative (TAC). Not unlike the 2003 competition in which United Architects (UA) and other collaborative practices lost to the more stable, individual celebrity identity, TAC lost to Minoru Yamasaki. Salomon also argues that the organisational and structural qualities of UA's WTC proposal sought to embed collective operations of multiplicity rather than mere duplication of the previous WTC Twin Towers within the form of the design itself. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computatonal Intelligence: The Grid as a Post‐Human Network
Authors: Morel Philippe 
Published: October 2006

AbstractResearch and design collaborative EZCT Architecture & Design Research has adopted grid computing to produce a series of furniture systems and other small‐scale prototypes using genetic algorithms in combination with automated fabrication technologies. Here, cofounder Philippe Morel relates this design practice to the broader technical and social implications of various grid‐computing projects, such as the online organisation Folding@Home, which utilises grid computing and distributed communities for the production and exchange of postindustrial knowledge. He argues that these ‘knowledge farms’ which create an ‘ambient factory’, are perhaps the ultimate form of social‐economic production, transforming not only the evolution of design but of the communities that produce and eventually consume its products. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.