bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hybrid SPECT/CT as an Additional Lymphatic Mapping Tool in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: van der Ploeg Iris M. C. , Valdés Olmos Renato A. , Kroon Bin B. R. , Nieweg Omgo E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundConventional lymphoscintigraphy does not always define the exact anatomic location of a sentinel node. The lymphatic drainage pattern may be unusual or may not be shown at all. The recently introduced hybrid SPECT/CT imaging could help overcome these difficulties. SPECT is a tomographic version of conventional lymphoscintigraphy and the images have better contrast and resolution. When fused with the anatomical details provided by CT into one image, a meaningful surgical “roadmap” can be created. So far, there is little literature on the use of hybrid SPECT/CT in lymphatic mapping in patients with breast cancer. The purpose of this review was to report on these publications, including our own experience, focusing on patient selection, SPECT/CT settings, anatomic localization, and the detection of additional sentinel nodes.MethodsThe majority of investigators did not formulate indications for additional SPECT/CT after conventional imaging but scanned all patients eligible for sentinel node biopsy. The SPECT/CT settings used in the studies of this review were mostly similar, but the methods used for conventional imaging were more variable.ResultsAll studies demonstrated an improved anatomical localization by performing additional SPECT/CT; sentinel nodes outside the axilla or nodes close to the injection site were especially easier to identify. Sentinel nodes were visualized in 89–100% by combined conventional imaging and SPECT/CT, with sentinel nodes depicted only by SPECT/CT in up to 14%.ConclusionIt is concluded that SPECT/CT shows the exact anatomical location of sentinel nodes, detects sentinel nodes not depicted by conventional imaging, and therefore facilitates surgical exploration. The hybrid SPECT/CT has the potential to make image fusion a routine clinical tool that improves lymphatic mapping in patients with breast cancer.
A treatment protocol for abdomino-pelvic injuries
Authors: Nicodemo Alberto , Decaroli Daniela , Pallavicini Jacopo , Sivieri Roberto , Aprato Alessandro , Massè Alessandro 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Abdomino-pelvic injuries often present a challenge for the emergency department. Although literature reports several protocols on the treatment of abdomino-pelvic injuries aiming at defining the most advisable treatment line, optimal treatment is still controversial. This paper describes a protocol that has been used to treat abdomino-pelvic injuries in our hospital since 2002.

Materials and methods
In literature different protocol of abdomino-pelvic injuries are described and comparing them most of the difference are the timing of CT scan, the angiography and the laparotomy when treating a lesion of pelvic ring. If patient is haemodynamically instable and presents a lesion of pelvic ring our protocol suggest the simplest and fastest stabilization (pelvic external fixator) in emergency room and delay exam such as CT scan as second level exam. In the presence of an abdominal injury, with a positive focused assessment with sonography for trauma test, the first step should be a pelvic ring stabilization, as laparotomy decreases the abdominal pressure and reduces the tamponade effect on the retroperitoneum. According to presented protocol the angiography is not be a first choice treatment. This protocol was applied to 58 cases of abdomino-pevic injury with unstable pelvic lesions from October 2002 to December 2005. Mean injury severity score was 27.2 (CI 24.1–30.3).

Results
Five patients (8%) died, three due to haemorrhagic shock and two due to pulmonary embolization. Four patients (6.9%) had a partial or complete cauda equina syndrome, four patients (6.9%) complained of mild incontinence, whilst 1 (1.7%) complained of urinary retention with multiple cystitis. Two patients (3.4%) with retention and multiple cystitis, had a malunion and a painful non-union of the fracture. Seven patients (12.3%) had neurological impairment: 5 (8.6%) sciatic nerve palsy, 1 (1.7%) lumbosacral root lesions in a C2-type fracture and there was one case (1.7%) of inconstant lumbago with sciatic pain. Twelve patients reported different levels of sexual dysfunction (20.7%).

Conclusions
Although validation with a larger cohort is required, our preliminary clinical data are similar to, or better than, those reported in the most recent publications on this question, suggesting that this protocol could well reduce both the mortality rate and the long term complications of abdominopelvic injuries.
Internal device decreases antibiotic's efficacy on experimental osteomyelitis
Authors: Hamel Antoine , Caillon Jocelyne , Jacqueline Cédric , Rogez Jean-Michel , Potel Gilles 
Published: May 2008

Purpose We have evaluated the effect of internal and external osteosynthesis devices on the efficacy of vancomycin treatment in a rabbit model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced post-traumatic osteomyelitis. Methods Double tibial osteotomies in female New Zealand rabbits were performed, inoculated with a MRSA strain, then fixed with an intramedullary rod. A debridement was performed 4 days later for each rabbit, and a bacterial count in pus was determined (B1). In the first group (G1), the osteosynthesis material was removed and replaced by a new sterile nail. In the second group (G2), the intramedullary rod was removed and then replaced by an external fixator. Immediately after surgery, G1 and G2 rabbits were treated with vancomycin (60 mg/kg twice a day). The animals were sacrificed at the end of a 5-day period, and a bacterial count in pus was performed again (B2). Results The difference of log10 colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) (B2−B1) was −1.2 ± 0.5 and −2.9 ± 1.1, respectively, for G1 and G2. Conclusion The efficacy of vancomycin treatment increased after removal of the internal osteosynthesis device.
The mammalian CHORD‐containing protein melusin is a stress response protein interacting with Hsp90 and Sgt1
Authors: Sbroggiò Mauro , Ferretti Roberta , Percivalle Elena , Gutkowska Malgorzata , Zylicz Alicja , Michowski Wojciech , Kuznicki Jacek , Accornero Federica , Pacchioni Beniamina , Lanfranchi Gerolamo , Hamm Jorg , Turco Emilia , Silengo Lorenzo , Tarone Guido , Brancaccio Mara 
Published: May 2008

MINT‐6538515:melusin (Q9R000)physically interacts (MI:0218) with Hsp90 (P07901) by anti bait co-immunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
MINT‐6538566, MINT‐6538556:Hsp90 (P07901) physically interacts (MI:0218) with melusin (Q9R000) by cross-linking studies (MI:0030)
MINT‐6538524:melusin (Q9R000) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Sgt1 (Q9CS74) by anti tag co-immunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐6538595:Hsp90 (P07901) physically interacts (MI:0218) with melusin (Q9R000) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (MI:0411)
MINT‐6538543:melusin (Q9R000) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Sgt1 (Q9CS74) by anti bait co-immunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
MINT‐6538580: melusin (Q9R000) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Hsp90 (P07901) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
The utilization of large savanna trees by elephant in southern Kruger National Park
Authors: Shannon Graeme , Druce Dave J. , Page Bruce R. , Eckhardt Holger C. , Grant Rina , Slotow Rob 
Published: May 2008

Abstract:Elephant are believed to be one of the main ecological drivers in the conversion of savanna woodlands to grassland. We assessed the impacts of elephant on large trees (≥5 m in height) in the southern section of the Kruger National Park. Tree dimensions and utilization by elephant were recorded for 3082 individual trees across 22 transects (average length of 3 km and 10 m wide). Sixty per cent of the trees exhibited elephant utilization and 4% were dead as a direct result of elephant foraging behaviour. Each height class of tree was utilized in proportion to abundance. However, the size of the tree and the species influenced the intensity of utilization and foraging approach. Sclerocarya birrea was actively selected for and experienced the highest proportional utilization (75% of all trees). Interestingly, the proportion of large trees that were utilized and pushed over increased with distance from permanent water, a result which has implications for the provision of water in the KNP. We conclude that mortality is likely to be driven by a combination of factors including fire, drought and disease, rather than the actions of elephant alone. Further investigation is also required regarding the role of senescence and episodic mortality.
Effects of habitat disturbance on ant community composition and seed dispersal by ants in a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica
Authors: Zelikova Tamara J. , Breed Michael D. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract:Habitat alteration can have far-reaching consequences for natural communities and can alter existing species interactions in profound ways. Working in a tropical dry forest ecosystem in the Guanacaste Province of Costa Rica, we measured seed removals and seed dispersal distances forAcacia collinsiiand papaya seeds to determine if habitat disturbance affects ant community composition and the associated interactions between ants and seeds. Two hundred and forty experimental seed depots were observed in four sites that differed in land-use history and disturbance severity: secondary forest, forest edge,Acacia collinsiiedge, and open-pasture. Both seed removals and average dispersal distances achieved by ants differed among habitats. Habitat disturbance did not negatively affect seed removals by ants in our study; seed removals were highest in the most disturbed habitat, the open pasture (38.3% of seeds removed within 2 h). Ant community composition and the relative abundance of key seed dispersers also differed among habitats. In all sites combined, ten species of ant were observed dispersing seeds, with two species,Pheidole fallaxandEctatomma ruidum, in combination being responsible for 92% of all observed seed removals. The abundance ofP. fallaxandE. ruidumdiffered among habitats, withE. ruidumbeing the most abundant ant species collected in the open-pasture habitat andP. fallaxbeing the most abundant in the edge habitats.Pheidole fallaxants dispersed seeds significantly further (mean ± SD = 2.11 ± 1.35 m, maximum = 5.2 m) than didE. ruidum(mean ± SD = 0.7 ± 0.81 m, maximum = 3.85 m), a difference we attribute to recruitment behaviour and not body size. Habitat disturbance thus alters the ant community and the relative abundance of key seed-dispersing ant species, with cascading effects on seed removals and seed dispersal distances.
The role of the olive baboon (Papio anubis, Cercopithecidae) as seed disperser in a savanna-forest mosaic of West Africa
Authors: Kunz Britta Kerstin , Linsenmair Karl Eduard 
Published: May 2008

Abstract:Primates are among the major groups of frugivores in the tropics, but little is known about their role in natural regeneration of African savanna ecosystems. In the savanna-forest mosaic of north-eastern Ivory Coast the olive baboon (Papio anubis Lesson) harvests fruit from at least 79 plant species. Over a 24-mo study period, 396 faecal samples from 10 groups of baboons were analysed in terms of quantitative and qualitative aspects of seed handling and dispersal (excluding grasses and sedges). Seventy-three per cent of seeds in faecal samples were undamaged. Intact seeds were from 65 species. On average, defecations contained intact seeds from 2.0 species (range = 0–10). Seed size varied between 1 and 27 mm, and 77% of the species had medium-sized to large seeds. No linear correlation between mean seed size and seed damage was found. Eighteen out of 19 species tested were viable after ingestion, but effects of gut passage upon germination varied widely. The baboon population in the study area (145 km2) dispersed an estimated 1483 intact seeds d−1km−2(129 seeds > 2 mm in size). The results suggest that the olive baboon is an important seed disperser in the savanna-forest ecosystem of West Africa.
Interactions between galling insects and leaf-feeding insects: the role of plant phenolic compounds and their possible interference with herbivores
Authors: Pascual-Alvarado Enrique , Cuevas-Reyes Pablo , Quesada Mauricio , Oyama Ken 
Published: May 2008

Abstract:The objective of this study was to determine the effects of gall induction on leaf phenolic compounds and their indirect effects on the subsequent attack of folivorous insects inAchatocarpus gracilis,Cordia alliodora,Guapira macrocarpa,Guettarda ellipticaandRuprechtia fuscathat occur in both hillside and riparian sites at Chamela-Cuixmala tropical dry forest in western Mexico. There are differences in soil water content between riparian and hillside sites where trees in the first are mainly evergreen and deciduous in the second. A few tree species occur in both sites and their intraspecific phenological response is also different between sites. In this case, trees of a given species that occur in riparian sites will be evergreen whereas trees on hillsides of the same species will be deciduous. Four plant species had significantly greater total phenol concentrations in galled than ungalled leaves in both deciduous hillside and riparian sites. In three plant species associated with galls, host total phenol concentrations were significantly greater in short than in tall plants. The frequency and amount of folivore damage were greater in leaves without galls than leaves with galls in these four plant species. These results indicate that galling insect species may directly affect leaf phenolic concentrations and indirectly may affect the incidence and consumption of folivorous insects in tropical plant species. This may have important consequences on the preference of leaves by folivorous insects that might be excluded by galling insect species in this dry tropical system.
Inverse Correlation Between Level of Professional Education and Rate of Handwashing Compliance in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Duggan Joan M. , Hensley Sandra , Khuder Sadik , Papadimos Thomas J. , Jacobs Lloyd 
Published: May 2008

Objective.To evaluate educational level as a contributing factor in handwashing compliance.Design.Observation of hand washing opportunities was performed for approximately 12 weeks before an announced Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) visit and for approximately 10 weeks after the visit. Trained observers recorded the date, time, and location of the observation; the type of healthcare worker or hospital employee observed; and the type of hand hygiene opportunity observed.Setting.University of Toledo Medical Center, a 319-bed teaching hospital.Results.A total of 2,373 observations were performed. The rate of hand washing compliance among nurses was 91.3% overall. Medical attending physicians had the lowest observed rate of compliance (72.4%; P < .001). Nurses showed statistically significant improvement in their rate of hand hygiene compliance after the JCAHO visit (P = .001), but no improvement was seen for attending physicians (P = .117). The compliance rate in the surgical intensive care unit was more than 90%, greater than that in other hospital units (P = .001). Statistically, the compliance rate was better during the first part of the week (Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday) than during the latter part of the week (Thursday and Friday) (P = .002), and the compliance rate was better during the 3 PM-1 1 PM shift, compared with the 7 AM-3 PM shift (P < .001). When evaluated by logistic regression analysis, non-physician healthcare worker status and observation after the JCAHO accreditation visit were associated with an increased rate of hand hygiene compliance.Conclusion.An inverse correlation existed between the level of professional educational and the rate of compliance. Future research initiatives may need to address the different motivating factors for hand hygiene among nurses and physicians to increase compliance.
OCTOPUS: improving topology prediction by two-track ANN-based preference scores and an extended topological grammar
Authors: Viklund Håkan , Elofsson Arne 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Motivation: As α-helical transmembrane proteins constitute roughly 25% of a typical genome and are vital parts of many essential biological processes, structural knowledge of these proteins is necessary for increasing our understanding of such processes. Because structural knowledge of transmembrane proteins is difficult to attain experimentally, improved methods for prediction of structural features of these proteins are important.
Results: OCTOPUS, a new method for predicting transmembrane protein topology is presented and benchmarked using a dataset of 124 sequences with known structures. Using a novel combination of hidden Markov models and artificial neural networks, OCTOPUS predicts the correct topology for 94% of the sequences. In particular, OCTOPUS is the first topology predictor to fully integrate modeling of reentrant/membrane-dipping regions and transmembrane hairpins in the topological grammar.
Availability: OCTOPUS is available as a web server at http://octopus.cbr.su.se.
Contact: arne@bioinfo.se
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
DupTree: a program for large-scale phylogenetic analyses using gene tree parsimony
Authors: Wehe André , Bansal Mukul S. , Burleigh J. Gordon , Eulenstein Oliver 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSummary: DupTree is a new software program for inferring rooted species trees from collections of gene trees using the gene tree parsimony approach. The program implements a novel algorithm that significantly improves upon the run time of standard search heuristics for gene tree parsimony, and enables the first truly genome-scale phylogenetic analyses. In addition, DupTree allows users to examine alternate rootings and to weight the reconciliation costs for gene trees. DupTree is an open source project written in C++.Availability: DupTree for Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux along with a sample dataset and an on-line manual are available at http://genome.cs.iastate.edu/CBL/DupTreeContact: oeulenst@cs.iastate.edu
Size-broadening anisotropy in whole powder pattern fitting. Application to zinc oxide and interpretation of the apparent crystallites in terms of physical models
Authors: Popa N. C. , Balzar D. 
Published: May 2008

A new anisotropic size-broadening model based on a spherical-harmonics representation allowing determination of both volume- and area-averaged apparent crystallites and convenient for implementation into Rietveld programs is described. The model effectiveness is demonstrated on a ZnO powder pattern exhibiting strongly anisotropic size broadening and pronounced super-Lorentzian peak shapes. Moreover, it is shown how the apparent crystallites can be interpreted in terms of physical models by using ellipsoidal and cylindrical crystallites with lognormal size distributions. This interpretation is critically assessed and it is argued that both simplified physical models anda prioricomplementary information (obtained by transmission electron microscopy, for instance) are often needed to avoid unstable and non-unique solutions.
The Heterangiums of the British Coal Measures
Authors: Scott D H 
Published: May 2008

SUMMARY
The characters of the various species described have been given above (pp. 65, 73, 89, 91). The more general results may be summed up as follows:— The three British Coal-Measure species, Heterangium shorense, H. tiliœoides, and H. Lomaxii, agree in their more important characters and only differ in details. The fourth species, H. minimum, is of a different type.The three species first named may conveniently be grouped in a provisional subgenus, Polyangium, characterized by the leaf-trace, starting from the stele as two distinct bundles, which further divide on their outward course, the number of bundles in the petiole ranging from four to eight.In addition to the polydesniic structure, these three species further agree in the sharp delimitation of the primary peripheral xylem-strands, with the consequent differentiation of large interfascicular principal rays, and in the approach to exarchy iu the peripheral strands and leaf-trace bundles, the primary centrifugal xylem being comparatively little developed.It is probable that, besides H. shorense, H. tiliœoides, and H. Lomaxii, the four species described by Renault, from the Upper Coal Measures of Autun (H. punctatum*, H. Renaultii*, H. Duchartrei*, and H. bibractense) are referable to the subgenus Polyangium.The Lower Carboniferous species H. Grievii may be taken us the type of another subgenus, Eu-heterangium, characterized by the leaf-trace consisting of a single bundle only, where it leaves the stele, this bundle either remaining undivided on its outward course or dividing into two strands only. One Duleagate species, H. minimum, falls under this subgenus, as do also four of the Ostrau species described by Dr. Kubart, namely H. alatum, H. polystichum, H. Sehusteri, and H. Stunt. The peripheral xylem-strands are, on the whole, less distinct in Eu-heterangium than in Polyangium, but the degree of their differentiation varies in the different species. The xylemstrands may either be “ceutrally mesarch” or show a tendency towards exarchy. A third subgenus may be required for the Lyginopteroid species, such as H. Andrei, discovered by Dr. Kubart.The polydesinic species of Heterangium (Polyangium) show an interesting analogy with Medulioseæ and with the protostelic Calamopityeæ. There is, however, no sufficient evidence of any direct phylogenetic relation to either group. With Rhetinangium there is no special affinity, for, while this genus appears to have much in common with Heterangium, its leaf-trace is complex and not multiple, thus presenting only a remote analogy with that of the polydesmic Heterangiums. Megaloxylon is altogether more remote.