bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Administration of charcoal, Yucca schidigera, and zinc acetate to reduce malodorous flatulence in dogs
Authors: Giffard Catriona J. , Collins Stella B. , Stoodley Neil C. , Butterwick Richard F. , Batt Roger M. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether feeding activated
charcoal, Yucca schidigera, and zinc acetate would
ameliorate the frequency and odor characteristics of
flatulence in dogs.

Design—In vitro screening of active agents followed
by a randomized controlled trial.

Animals—8 adult dogs.

Procedure—A fecal fermentation system was used
to assess the effects of activated charcoal, Yucca
schidigera, and zinc acetate alone and in combination
on total gas production and production of hydrogen
sulfide, the primary determinant of flatus malodor in
dogs. All 3 agents were subsequently incorporated
into edible treats that were fed 30 minutes after the
dogs ate their daily rations, and the number, frequency,
and odor characteristics of flatulence were measured
for 5 hours, using a device that sampled rectal
gases and monitored hydrogen sulfide concentrations.

Results—Total gas production and number and frequency of flatulence episodes were unaffected by any
of the agents. Production of hydrogen sulfide in vitro
was significantly reduced by charcoal, Yucca schidigera,
and zinc acetate by 71, 38, and 58%, respectively,
and was reduced by 86% by the combination of
the 3 agents. Consumption of the 3 agents was associated
with a significant decrease (86%) in the percentage
of flatulence episodes with bad or unbearable
odor and a proportional increase in the percentage
of episodes of no or only slightly noticeable odor.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that activated charcoal, Yucca schidigera, and
zinc acetate reduce malodor of flatus in dogs by altering
the production or availability of hydrogen sulfide in
the large intestine. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;218:
892–896)
Intragastric pH in critically ill neonatal foals and the effect of ranitidine
Authors: Sanchez L. Chris , Lester Guy D. , Merritt A. M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To characterize intragastric pH profiles in critically ill foals and determine whether administration of ranitidine altered pH profiles.Design—Prospective observational study.Animals—23 hospitalized neonatal foals ≤ 4 days of age.Procedure—Intragastric pH was measured continuously for up to 24 hours by use of an indwelling electrode and continuous data recording system. In 21 foals, ranitidine was administered IV.Results—10 foals had predominantly or exclusively alkaline profiles, 10 had profiles typical of those reported for healthy foals, with periods of acidity (hourly mean pH < 5.0 at least once), and 3 had atypical profiles with periods of acidity. All 10 foals that had intragastric pH profiles typical of healthy foals survived, whereas only 2 foals with alkaline profiles survived, and none of the foals with atypical profiles survived. The effects of ranitidine administration could not be assessed in 13 foals because of a high baseline intragastric pH. In 7 of the remaining 9, ranitidine administration resulted in an alkalinizing response, but this response was often of blunted duration. Ranitidine administration did not appear to alter the intragastric pH profile in the remaining 2 foals.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that hospitalized critically ill foals often have intragastric pH profiles different from those reported for healthy foals and may respond differently to ranitidine administration than do healthy foals. Many critically ill foals have continuously alkaline intragastric pH profiles, questioning the need for prophylactic administration of ranitidine in all critically ill foals. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:907–911)
Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells and hematologic and plasma biochemical reference ranges in green iguanas
Authors: Harr Kendal E. , Alleman A. Rick , Dennis Patricia M. , Maxwell Lara K. , Lock Brad A. , Bennett R. Avery , Jacobson Elliott R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine blood cell morphologic characteristics and hematologic and plasma biochemical reference ranges for iguanas housed in a warm indoor and outdoor environment with regular exposure to direct sunlight.Design—Original study.Animals—51 clinically normal iguanas (18 males, 25 females, and 8 juveniles) housed in 3 Florida locations.Procedure—Blood was collected from the coccygeal or ventral abdominal vein. Any samples that had obvious hemolysis or clot formation were not used. Leukocyte counts were determined manually; other hematologic values were obtained by use of a commercially available cell counter. Plasma biochemical values were determined by use of a spectrophotometric chemistry analyzer. Blood smears were stained with Wright-Giemsa and cytochemical stains for morphologic and cytochemical evaluation.Results—Hematologic ranges were generally higher in this study than previously reported. Thrombocytes were variable in appearance between individuals and sometimes difficult to distinguish from lymphocytes on a Wright-Giemsa preparation. Concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, total protein, globulins, and cholesterol were significantly higher, and the albumin:globulin ratio was significantly lower, in healthy gravid females than in male or nongravid female iguanas. Nongravid females had significantly higher calcium and cholesterol concentrations, compared with males. The calcium:phosphorus ratio was > 1 in all iguanas. Gravid females had a calcium phosphorus product ranging between 210 and 800. Intracytoplasmic inclusions were identified within the erythrocytes of some iguanas.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hematologic ranges for iguanas in this study are higher than those reported for iguanas. Sex and age of the iguana should be considered when evaluating biochemical values. Healthy ovulating and gravid females may have significantly increased electrolyte and protein concentrations, but maintain a calcium:phosphorus ratio > 1. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:915–921)
Transmission of visceral leishmaniasis through blood transfusions from infected English Foxhounds to anemic dogs
Authors: Owens Sean D. , Oakley Donna A. , Marryott Kym , Hatchett Wendy , Walton Raquel , Nolan Tom J. , Newton Alisa , Steurer Frank , Schantz Peter , Giger Urs 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To conduct serologic surveillance forLeishmaniaspp in English Foxhounds from a kennel, as well as recipients of blood from these dogs, and determine whetherL infantumorganisms could be transmitted via blood transfusion.Design—Serologic prevalence survey.Animals—120 English Foxhounds and 51 dogs of various breeds receiving blood from these donors.Procedure—Foxhound blood donors, foxhound nondonors, and nonfoxhound blood recipient dogs were evaluated serologically forLeishmaniaspp by indirect fluorescent antibody testing. Dogs that received packed RBC (PRBC) transfusions from foxhound donors from mid-1996 through mid-2000 were identified. Furthermore, dogs were serologically evaluated if they had received fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions in 1999 and 2000 from seropositive foxhound blood donors.Results—Thirty percent of the English Foxhounds were seropositive forLeishmaniaspp (titer ≥ 1:16), although the degree of seropositivity varied considerably during the period. Furthermore, 57 foxhounds had been used as donors from 1996 to 2000, and 342 units of PRBC had been transfused to at least 227 patients. All 25 dogs screened that received PRBC from seronegative foxhound donors tested negative, whereas 3 of 7 dogs that received PRBC from seropositive donors tested positive. All 9 dogs that received FFP from seropositive foxhound donors remained seronegative.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—To our knowledge, this report documents the first transmission ofLeishmaniaspp by blood transfusion. The use of foxhounds as blood donors may not be advisable in North America. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1081–1088)
Effect of severity of myocardial failure on heart rate variability in Doberman Pinschers with and without echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Calvert Clay A. , Wall Michelle 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether heart rate variability (HRV) is reduced in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy.Design—Case series.Animals—62 overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers.Procedure—Heart rate variability was analyzed in time and frequency domains from data obtained during 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic Holter recordings in 41 overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with normal echocardiograms and 21 overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with abnormal echocardiograms.Results—Heart rate variability usually was greater during night versus day, and 2 dogs with the most severe myocardial failure had reduced HRV.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Reduced HRV was detected only in Doberman Pinschers with the most severe myocardial failure. Thus, HRV in less severely affected dogs is not reduced, or the normal sinus arrhythmia of dogs renders HRV relatively insensitive. Analysis of HRV did not provide additional information relative to the severity of left ventricular dysfunction or risk of sudden death from that which could be derived from echocardiography, analysis of Holter recordings, and signal-averaged electrocardiography. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1076–1080)
Effects of platelet clumping on platelet concentrations measured by use of impedance or buffy coat analysis in dogs
Authors: Koplitz Shianne L. , Scott Michael A. , Cohn Leah A. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether platelet clumps
are homogeneously distributed in blood samples, and
whether platelet concentrations (PC) obtained by use
of impedance and buffy coat analysis can be considered
minimum values when platelet clumps are present.

Design—Prospective study.

Sample Population—50 blood samples obtained
from 30 dogs.

Procedure—10 blood samples containing platelet
clumps were used and 10 smears were made from
each sample; amount of platelet clumping was graded
for all 100 smears. Blood from each of 20 healthy
dogs was divided between 2 EDTA tubes before and
after platelet clumping was induced by adenosine
diphosphate (ADP). The PC for each ADP-treated and
untreated sample were measured, using impedance
and quantitative buffy coat analyzers.

Results—Platelet clumps were evident in all 100
blood smears, but the amount of clumping varied considerably
within some samples. Using the impedance
analyzer, the PC of ADP-treated samples were significantly
lower and never higher than the PC of untreated
samples. Using the buffy coat analyzer, some ADPtreated
samples had increased PC; however, significant
differences were not detected between treated
and untreated samples.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Platelet
clumping was not homogeneous within blood samples.
When platelet clumps were identified by direct
examination of blood smears, the PC detected by use
of the impedance analyzer could be considered minimum
values. In contrast, the PC detected by use of
the buffy coat analyzer were sometimes increased.
Useful information can be obtained by measuring PC
in blood with platelet clumps; values obtained by use
of impedance can be considered minimums, and values
obtained by use of buffy coat analysis may be
either minimum values or reasonable estimates of
PC. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;219:1552–1556)
Dermatologic disorders in dogs with diabetes mellitus: 45 cases (1986–2000)
Authors: Peikes Heather , Morris Daniel O. , Hess Rebecka S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To characterize skin lesions and causative infections in diabetic dogs and evaluate other potential causes of dermatologic disorders, including concurrent endocrinopathies, allergic skin disease, and long-term corticosteroid administration.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—45 dogs with diabetes mellitus (DM) that were examined by dermatologists.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for signalment; allergic conditions prior to development of DM; prior corticosteroid administration; and results of dermatologic examinations, ear and skin cytologic examinations, skin scrapings for parasites, bacteriologic and fungal culturing of ear and skin specimens, histologic examinations, and endocrine testing.Results—Bacterial skin infection was the most common dermatologic disorder (n = 38 [84%]), followed by otitis (26 [58%]) andMalassezia-induced dermatitis (19 [42%]). Twenty-two (49%) dogs had pruritic skin disease consistent with allergic dermatitis, which preceded diagnosis of DM. Prior corticosteroid administration was reported in 21 (47%) dogs. Concurrent hyperadrenocorticism was diagnosed in 13 (29%) dogs, and concurrent hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 5 (11%) dogs. Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism was diagnosed in 1 additional dog. Only 10 (22%) dogs did not have a documented concurrent endocrinopathy or allergic disease that could have caused the dermatitis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bacterial and yeast-induced dermatitis and otitis develop in dogs with DM. Many diabetic dogs with dermatologic problems have a preexisting allergic condition, history of prior corticosteroid administration, or concurrent endocrinopathy that may be a more likely cause of dermatologic problems than DM alone. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001:219: 203–208)
Causes of death or reasons for euthanasia in military working dogs: 927 cases (1993–1996)
Authors: Moore George E. , Burkman Kay D. , Carter Margaret N. , Peterson Michael R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine causes of death or reasons for euthanasia in a population of military working dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—927 military working dogs.Procedure—Records of all military working dogs that died during the period from 1993 to 1996 were evaluated for cause of death or reason for euthanasia by review of necropsy and histopathology reports, death certificates, and daily clinical treatment sheets. A single primary cause of death or euthanasia was determined.Results—Although sexually intact male dogs were more numerous in the study population, castrated male dogs typically lived longer than spayed females or sexually intact males. Leading causes of death or euthanasia (76.3% of all dogs) were appendicular degenerative joint disease, neoplasia, spinal cord disease, nonspecific geriatric decline, and gastric dilatation-volvulus. Compared with German Shepherd Dogs, Belgian Shepherd Dogs were at increased risk for death attributable to neoplasia, behavior, and respiratory tract disease. German Shepherd Dogs had nearly twice the risk for death associated with spinal cord diseases, compared with Belgian Shepherd Dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For most military working dogs, death or euthanasia results from a few diseases commonly associated with advanced age. Some breed differences in risk for these diseases may exist, which clinicians should consider in the procurement and long-term management of these dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:209–214)
Owner survey of headshaking in horses
Authors: Madigan John E. , Bell Stephanie A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine signalment, history, clinical signs, duration, seasonality, and response to various treatments reported by owners for headshaking in horses.Design—Owner survey.Animals—109 horses with headshaking.Procedure—Owners of affected horses completed a survey questionnaire.Results—78 affected horses were geldings, 29 were mares, and 2 were stallions. Mean age of onset was 9 years. Headshaking in 64 horses had a seasonal component, and for most horses, headshaking began in spring and ceased in late summer or fall. The most common clinical signs were shaking the head in a vertical plane, acting like an insect was flying up the nostril, snorting excessively, rubbing the muzzle on objects, having an anxious expression while headshaking, worsening of clinical signs with exposure to sunlight, and improvement of clinical signs at night. Treatment with antihistamines, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, antimicrobials, fly control, chiropractic, and acupuncture had limited success. Sixty-one horses had been treated with cyproheptadine; 43 had moderate to substantial improvement.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Headshaking may have many causes. A large subset of horses have similar clinical signs including shaking the head in a vertical plane, acting as if an insect were flying up the nostrils, and rubbing the muzzle on objects. Seasonality and worsening of clinical signs with exposure to light are also common features of this syndrome. Geldings and Thoroughbreds appear to be overrepresented. Cyproheptadine treatment was beneficial in more than two thirds of treated horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:334–337)
Frequency of nonspecific clinical signs in dogs with separation anxiety, thunderstorm phobia, and noise phobia, alone or in combination
Authors: Overall Karen L. , Dunham Arthur E. , Frank Diane 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the frequency of nonspecific clinical signs in dogs with separation anxiety, thunderstorm phobia, noise phobia, or any combination of these conditions and determine whether these conditions are associated in dogs.Design—Case series.Animals—141 dogs.Procedure—Diagnoses were established using specific criteria. Owners of dogs completed a questionnaire on how frequently their dogs exhibited destructive behavior, urination, defecation, vocalization, and salivation when the owners were absent and the types and frequency of reactions to thunderstorms, fireworks, and other noises.Results—Associations of the 3 conditions and of various nonspecific clinical signs within and between diagnoses were nonrandom. The probability that a dog would have separation anxiety given that it had noise phobia was high (0.88) and approximately the same as the probability it would have separation anxiety given that it had thunderstorm phobia (0.86). However, the probability that a dog would have noise phobia given that it had separation anxiety (0.63) was higher than the probability that it would have thunderstorm phobia given that it had separation anxiety (0.52). The probability that a dog would have noise phobia given that it had thunderstorm phobia (0.90) was not equivalent to the converse (0.76).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that dogs with any of these conditions should be screened for the others. Interactions among these conditions are important in the assessment and treatment of dogs with > 1 of these conditions. Responses to noise were different from those to thunderstorms, possibly because of the unpredictability and uncertainty of thunderstorms. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:467–473)
Seroepidemiology of Bartonella vinsonii subsp berkhoffii exposure among healthy dogs
Authors: Honadel Thomas E. , Chomel Bruno B. , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Chang Chao-chin , Farver Thomas B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine seroprevalence of antibodies toBartonella vinsoniisubspberkhoffiiandrisk factors for seropositivity among working dogs owned by the US government.Design—Cross-sectional study.Animals—1,872 dogs.Procedure—An ELISA was used to detect antibodies toB vinsoniisubspberkhoffii.Results—Antibodies toB vinsoniisubspberkhoffiiwere detected in 162 dogs (8.7%; 95% confidence interval, 7.4 to 10.0%). Dogs living in the southeast, plains states, southwest, and south-central were significantly more likely to be seropositive than were dogs living in other regions of the United States. German Shepherd-type dogs were significantly less likely to be seropositive than were dogs of other breeds, and dogs entering training programs or that had been rejected from a training program were significantly more likely to be seropositive than were dogs used for narcotics detection and dogs trained to patrol or detect explosives. Dogs used by the border patrol or Federal Aviation Administration were more likely to be seropositive than were dogs used by the Department of Defense or customs service. Odds that dogs would be seropositive were significantly higher for dogs stationed in the southern United States, the northeastern United States, or a foreign country, compared with dogs stationed in all other regions of the United States.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Overall, 8.7% of this diverse group of healthy dogs was found to be seropositive for antibodies toB vinsoniisubspberkhoffii, and seropositivity rates were associated with location, suggesting either that there are multiple vectors for the organism or that the major vector for the organism depends on geographic and environmental factors. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:480–484)
Evaluation of antibiotics for treatment of cattle infected with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo
Authors: Alt David P. , Zuerner Richard L. , Bolin Carole A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate antibiotics for treatment of cattle with leptospirosis caused byLeptospira borgpeterseniiserovar hardjo.Design—Randomized controlled trial.Animals—42 healthy mixed-breed cattle.Procedure—Cattle were inoculated via conjunctival instillation withL borgpeterseniiserovar hardjo. After infection and urinary shedding ofL borgpeterseniiwere confirmed, cattle were treated with various antibiotics. To determine effectiveness of antibiotic treatment, urinary shedding ofL borgpeterseniiwas monitored for 4 to 6 weeks after administration of antibiotics, using darkfield microscopic examination, microbial culture, immunofluorescence testing, and a polymerase chain reaction assay.Results—All inoculated cattle developed leptospirosis and shed leptospires in their urine. The following antibiotic treatments resulted in elimination of urinary shedding of leptospires: a single injection of oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg [9 mg/lb] of body weight, IM), tilmicosin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], SC), or a combination product that contained dihydrostreptomycin-penicillin G (25 mg/kg [11.4 mg/lb], IM) or multiple injections of ceftiofur sodium (2.2 or 5 mg/kg [1 or 2.3 mg/lb], IM, once daily for 5 days, or 20 mg/kg, IM, once daily for 3 days).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Successful resolution of leptospirosis in cattle by administration of dihydrostreptomycin-penicillin G confirms results obtained by other investigators. Three other antibiotics (oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and ceftiofur) also were effective for resolving leptospirosis and may be useful substitutes for dihydrostreptomycin, an antibiotic that is no longer available for use in food-producing animals in the United States. Cost, safety, and withdrawal times of these various treatment options need to be considered. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:636–639)
Estimate of the national incidence of and operation-level risk factors for colic among horses in the United States, spring 1998 to spring 1999
Authors: Traub-Dargatz Josie L. , Kopral Christine A. , Seitzinger Ann Hillberg , Garber Lindsey P. , Forde Kim , White Nathaniel A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To estimate the national incidence of, operation-level risk factors for, and annual economic impact of colic among horses in the United States during 1998 and 1999.Design—Epidemiologic survey.Animals—21,820 horses on 1,026 horse operations in 28 states.Procedures—Horses were monitored for colic for 1 year, and results were recorded in a log that was collected quarterly. Operation-level data were collected via 4 on-site personal interviews. Associations between colic and independent variables adjusted for size of operation were determined.Results—Annual national incidence of colic in the US horse population was estimated to be 4.2 colic events/100 horses per year. Case fatality rate was 11%, and 1.4% of colic events resulted in surgery. Annual cost of colic in the Unites States was estimated to be $115,300,000.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The national impact of equine colic is substantial because of the high case fatality rate. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001; 219:67–71)