bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i> Release Kinetics Study of Ambroxol Hydrochloride Pellets Developed by Extrusion Spheronization Technique Followed by Acrylic Polymer Coating
Authors: Ahmed Ishtiaq , Roni Monzurul Amin , Kibria Golam , Islam Muhammad Rashedul , Jalil Reza-ul 
Published: October 2008

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Ammonio Methacrylate Copolymer Dispersion Type A (Eudragit RL 30 D) and Ammonio Methacrylate Copolymer Dispersion Type B (Eudragit RS 30 D) combination in different weight ratios on the release kinetics of Ambroxol Hydrochloride from coated pellets. Microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, maize starch, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and the drug was incorporated in the nuclei prepared by Extrusion-Spheronization technique which was coated with Eudragit RL 30D and Eudragit RS 30D in 1:1,1:1.5,1:2,1:2.5 and 1:3 ratios. The in vitro dissolution studies were carried out in 0.1N HCl for 1 hour followed by phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) for 11 h with USP dissolution apparatus Type-II. Drug release decreased with increasing amount of Eudragit RS 30 D in all cases. The drug release followed first order and Higuchi release kinetics. The Korsmeyer plot revealed n=0.50-0.61 or non-Fickian transport mechanism for drug release. From one way ANOVA it was found that the ratio of binary polymer mixer had significant (p < 0.05) effect on drug release. Key words: Aqueous coating, Eudragit, release kinetics, pellet, extrusion-spheronization Â DOI = 10.3329/dujps.v7i1.1222 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 7(1): 75-81, 2008 (June)
Comparison of Urinary Iodine, Urinary Arsenic, Radioiodine Uptake, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Free Thyroxin (FT4) Levels, Between Experimental Group with Simple Diffuse Goiter and Control Group
Authors: Hossain Md Sharif , Begum Fatema 
Published: October 2008

In Bangladesh some researchers have done several studies to find the correlation of simple diffuse goiter with arsenic level but no one conducted any study to find the differences of urinary iodine, urinary arsenic, radioiodine uptake, the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxin (FT4) levels between goitrous and non goitrous. That is why, in this research an attempt has been made to compare the urinary iodine, urinary arsenic, radioiodine uptake, TSH and FT4 levels between experimental group with simple diffuse goiter and healthy control group. In this study another purpose has also been made to find the associations between different pairs of variables for both experimental and control group. In this study we have tried to find the impacts of arsenic level on simple diffuse goiter. This is a case-control analytical study. The study is carried out in the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound, in collaboration with the thyroid out patient department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. A total of eighty five (85) subjects are included in the study. Among the 85 subjects, a sample of forty five is considered for experimental group with simple diffuse goiter and another sample of forty is considered for healthy control group without any thyroid disease. From the experimental results it has been found that, the arsenic levels, FT4 and radioiodine uptake levels at 2 hours between the experimental and control groups are significantly different but the urinary iodine levels, TSH levels and radioiodine uptake levels at 24 hours between the experimental and control groups are not statistically different. From the experimental results it has also been found that there is significant differentiation between experimental and controls groups in respect of association between different pairs of variables. In this study, another significant finding is that iodine deficiency is not only the factor of causing simple diffuse goiter, but arsenic level is also one of the most important factor of causing simple diffuse goiter. Key words: Iodine deficiency, Simple diffuse goiter, Urinary arsenic, Statistical analysis, Association, Experimental and Control groups Â DOI = 10.3329/dujps.v7i1.1224 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 7(1): 89-98, 2008 (June)
Trait anger and anger expression style in children's risky decisions
Authors: Gambetti Elisa , Giusberti Fiorella 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this study, 104 children completed a task, measuring risk decision‐making, and the State‐Trait Anger Expression Inventory for Children and Adolescents . Subjects were also asked to evaluate the degree of danger, benefit, fun and fear perceived for each risky choice. Analyses indicated that (a) risk decision‐making was predicted by both trait anger and outward expression of anger; (b) appraisal of danger fully mediated the relationship between trait anger and risk; (c) perceptions of benefit, scare and fun partially mediated the relationship between trait anger and risk; and (d) appraisal of danger partially mediated the relationship between outward expression of anger and risk decision‐making. The results provide evidence for a relationship between dispositional anger and risk decision‐making during childhood, suggesting a possible explanation of the mechanisms below. In particular, risk decision‐making can be viewed as the output of cognitive and emotive processes, linked to dispositional anger that leads children to be amused, optimistic and fearless in potentially risky situations. These findings substantiate the importance of incorporating cognitive and emotive factors in theories that seek to explain the relationship between personality traits and risk decision‐making across a broad age range. Aggr. Behav. 35:14–23, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Remarkable Thermal Stability of Amorphous In‐Zn‐O Transparent Conductors
Authors: Taylor Matthew P. , Readey Dennis W. , van Hest Maikel F. A. M. , Teplin Charles W. , Alleman Jeff L. , Dabney Matthew S. , Gedvilas Lynn M. , Keyes Brian M. , To Bobby , Perkins John D. , Ginley David S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTransparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are increasingly critical components in photovoltaic cells, low‐e windows, flat panel displays, electrochromic devices, and flexible electronics. The conventional TCOs, such as Sn‐doped In2O3, are crystalline single phase materials. Here, we report on In‐Zn‐O (IZO), a compositionally tunable amorphous TCO with some significantly improved properties. Compositionally graded thin film samples were deposited by co‐sputtering from separate In2O3 and ZnO targets onto glass substrates at 100 °C. For the metals composition range of 55–84 cation% indium, the as‐deposited IZO thin films are amorphous, smooth (RRMS < 0.4 nm), conductive (σ ∼ 3000 Ω−1 · cm−1), and transparent in the visible (TVis > 90%). Furthermore, the amorphous IZO thin films demonstrate remarkable functional and structural stability with respect to heating up to 600 °C in either air or argon. Hence, though not completely understood at present, these amorphous materials constitute a new class of fundamentally interesting and technologically important high performance transparent conductors.
Fabrication of Reversibly Crosslinkable, 3‐Dimensionally Conformal Polymeric Microstructures
Authors: Connal Luke A. , Vestberg Robert , Hawker Craig J. , Qiao Greg G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMultifaceted porous materials were prepared through careful design of star polymer functionality and properties. Functionalized core crosslinked star (CCS) polymers with a low glass transition temperature (Tg) based on poly(methyl acrylate) were prepared having a multitude of hydroxyl groups at the chain ends. Modification of these chain ends with 9‐anthracene carbonyl chloride introduces the ability to reversibly photocrosslink these systems after the star polymers were self‐assembled by the breath figure technique to create porous, micro‐structured films. The properties of the low Tg CCS polymer allow for the formation of porous films on non‐planar substrates without cracking and photo‐crosslinking allows the creation of stabilized honeycomb films while also permitting a secondary level of patterning on the film, using photo‐lithographic techniques. These multifaceted porous polymer films represent a new generation of well‐defined, 3D microstructures.
Intermolecular Interactions of Perylene diimides in Photovoltaic Blends of Fluorene Copolymers: Disorder Effects on Photophysical Properties, Film Morphology and Device Efficiency
Authors: Keivanidis Panagiotis E. , Howard Ian A. , Friend Richard H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn the present work, we correlate the photophysical and photovoltaic properties with the respective film morphologies of three different blends made of the fluorene copolymers poly(9,9′‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), poly[9,9′‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐N‐(4‐butylphenyl)diphenylamine] (TFB), and poly[9,9′‐dioctyfluorene‐co‐bis‐N,N′‐(4‐butylphenyl)‐bis‐N,N‐phenyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine] (PFB) when blended with a perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) derivative. Additional photophysical studies in reference PDI blends of the electronically inert poly(styrene) matrix address the enhanced PDI intermolecular solid‐state interactions. We resolve the process of resonance energy transfer from excited polymer hosts to PDI and the process of photoinduced hole transfer from PDI to the polymer hosts. We deduce the efficiency of charge‐transfer PDI photoluminescence (PL) quenching and we discuss the power‐law PL kinetics seen in the as‐spun systems. Next we determine the dependence of the device external quantum efficiency (EQE) of these blends, in a range of annealing temperatures and PDI loadings. Differential scanning calorimetry enables precise selection of annealing temperatures. Optical microscopy shows that annealing enhances the order characteristics in the PDI aggregates in the F8BT:PDI system. In the case of the TFB:PDI and PFB:PDI blends, AFM studies suggest the formation of PDI‐rich domains on the film/air interface. The degree of order in the π–π stacking of the PDI monomers is inferred by the UV–Vis and PL spectra of the blends. The extent of order characteristics in PDI aggregates is correlated with the thermal properties of the hosts that control PDI molecular mobility upon annealing. The efficient dispersion of disrupted PDI crystallites is proposed to form appropriate percolation networks that favor balanced extraction of photogenerated carriers.
Superoleophilic and Superhydrophobic Inverse Opals for Oil Sensors
Authors: Li Huiling , Wang Jingxia , Yang Lianming , Song Yanlin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn inverse opal with both superoleophilic (oil contact angle (CA), 5.1° ± 1.2°) and superhydrophobic (water CA, 153.8° ± 1.2°) properties is fabricated using a phenolic resin (PR) as precursor and poly(styrene‐methyl methacrylate‐acrylic acid) (poly(St‐MMA‐AA)) colloidal crystals as templates. The stopband of the inverse opal can shift reversibly upon sorption of oils, whereby the peak position is a linear function of the refractive index of the adsorbed oil, e.g., a variation in refractive index of 0.02 will result in a stopband shift of 26 nm. Therefore, the inverse opals show a high sensitivity and selectivity for different petroleum oils. Moreover, as‐prepared PR inverse opals show excellent oil‐sensing stability in cyclic sorption experiments, which suggests a promising and economical alternative to traditional oil‐sensing materials, and will provide a new approach to in situ petroleum monitoring and detection.
Spatially Graded Nanostructured Chiral Films as Tunable Circular Polarizers
Authors: Krause Kathleen M. , Brett Michael J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a simple single‐step method for creating spatially graded helical nanostructured thin films. The films mimic some of the interesting polarization and coloration properties found in nature and enhance the application prospects for helically structured thin films. Our helical nanostructures, fabricated using a variant of the glancing angle deposition technique (GLAD), are spatially graded with thicknesses that vary by several microns across substrate lengths of several tens of centimeters. These thickness gradations are predicted by simulation and verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The resultant films act as Bragg multilayers and can be employed as optical filters which not only preferentially transmit one handedness of circularly polarized light, but also allow for spatially determined frequency tunability. Through spectroscopic measurements, we demonstrate that when appropriate deposition conditions are chosen these nanostructures exhibit strong polarization selectivity, concurrent with excellent frequency tunability. The preferentially transmitted peak wavelength can be changed from approximately 620 to 690 nm by translating the film over a spatial distance of 30 mm. These graded nanostructures can be incorporated into photonic and sensing devices. The graded helical nanostructures may also be useful for providing a graded scaffolding to support liquid crystals.
Benzimidazolium‐Pyrazole‐Palladium(II) Complexes: New and Efficient Catalysts for Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira Reactions
Authors: Li Fuwei , Hor T. S. Andy 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThree unsymmetrical benzimidazolium‐pyrazole N‐N ligands 2‐(1‐propylbenzimidazolylmethyl)‐3,5‐di‐R‐pyrazole (R=H, Me, t‐Bu) have been conveniently prepared and structurally analyzed. The solid lattice packing of the R=Me compound at 223 K reveals one‐dimensional “zig‐zag” water chains stabilized by organic molecular channels through N⋅⋅⋅HO and OH⋅⋅⋅O bonding. These hybrid ligands add to palladium(II) to give high yields of air‐stable complexes that are fully characterized by NMR, ESI, and X‐ray single‐crystal crystallography. They are active Suzuki catalysts at room temperature towards cross‐coupling of unactivated aryl bromides and 5‐ or 6‐membered heteroaryl bromides with arylboronic acids with turnover frequencies (TOF) reaching as high as 60,000 h−1. Their catalytic efficiency is significantly better than that of the CN carbene‐imidazole analogue. These catalysts are also active in Heck and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions of aryl bromides giving the desired products in good yields. These results suggested that these Pd(II) complexes with N‐based hybrid ligands are versatile and efficient catalysts for different types of cross‐coupling reactions under aerobic conditions.
An Efficient and Practical Sequential One‐Pot Synthesis of Suprofen, Ketoprofen and Other 2‐Arylpropionic Acids
Authors: Neumann Helfried , Brennführer Anne , Beller Matthias 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel sequential double carbonylation to synthesize anti‐inflammatory drugs such as Ketoprofen and Suprofen has been developed. Starting from easily available aryl halides and arylboronic acids a one‐pot carbonylative Suzuki and hydroxycarbonylation reaction sequence proceeds in good selectivity and high yield in the presence of the palladium/cataCXium® A catalyst system. Applying optimized conditions different 2‐arylpropionic acids were synthesized in good yields.
Simple, Highly Enantioselective Access to Quaternary 1,3,4,4‐Tetrasubstituted β‐Lactams from Amino Acids: A Solid‐Phase Approach
Authors: Pérez‐Faginas Paula , Aranda M. Teresa , Coady Laoise , García‐López M. Teresa , González‐Muñiz Rosario 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn operationally simple four‐step procedure for the solid‐phase synthesis of chiral (3S,4S)‐1,3,4,4‐tetrasubstituted β‐lactams is described. The key step for the four‐membered ring formation consisted in the enantioselective phosphazene base‐assisted cyclization of resin‐bound N‐(alkyl)‐N‐[(S)‐2‐chloropropionyl]amino acid derivatives. A low‐epimerization process during the incorporation of the 2S‐chloropropionyl moiety into the N‐alkylamino acid resins was crucial for the final stereochemical outcome, since the 3,4‐stereochemistry was exclusively dictated by the configuration of this moiety. To evaluate the scope of this procedure a small library of quaternary, highly functionalized β‐lactams has been generated.
Characterization of Helicobacter pylori α1,2‐Fucosyltransferase for Enzymatic Synthesis of Tumor‐Associated Antigens
Authors: Stein Daniel B. , Lin Yu‐Nong , Lin Chun‐Hung 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe α1,2‐fucosyltransferase (α1,2‐FucT) from Helicobacter pylori catalyzes the fucosylation of acceptor oligosaccharides at the C2‐OH of terminal Galβ units. The enzyme from strain NCTC11639 was evaluated for its ability to synthesize cancer‐associated antigens. The α1,2‐FucT was determined to be active over a pH range between 4.0 and 8.0 with the optimum occurring at pH 5.0. Although a divalent metal ion cofactor was not required for catalysis, enhancement of the enzyme activity was detected upon supplement with Mn2+. Detailed substrate specificity analysis revealed that α1,2‐FucT can catalyze the fucosylation of a wide variety of oligosaccharide substrates. The α1,2‐FucT preferentially fucosylated type 1 structure (Galβ1‐3GlcNAc)‐containing glycans over type 2 structure (Galβ1‐4GlcNAc)‐containing glycans. The Lewisa trisaccharide [Galβ1‐3(Fucα1‐4)GlcNAc] was found to be the best acceptor. The only exception was that the Lewisx pentasaccharide LNFP III [Galβ1‐4(Fucα1‐3)GlcNAcβ1‐3Galβ1‐4Glc] was favored over the Lewisa analogue LNFP II [Galβ1‐3(Fucα1‐4)GlcNAcβ1‐3Galβ1‐4Glc]. Furthermore, the enzyme exhibited high levels of fucosylation with the type 3/4 disaccharide (Galβ1‐3GalNAc). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the donor substrate, guanosine‐5′‐diphospho‐β‐L‐fucose (GDP‐fucose), could be observed in the absence of oligosaccharide substrate. This hydrolysis was completely shifted to an efficient fucosyl transfer in the presence of a substrate sugar. Finally, the H. pylori α1,2‐FucT was successfully used in combination with its α1,3‐FucT counterpart to synthesize the Lewisy tetrasaccharide [Fucα1‐2Galβ1‐4(Fucα1‐3)GlcNAc] from LacNAc (Galβ1‐4GlcNAc) in a milligram scale one‐pot reaction.
Toward an enhanced understanding and implementation of photopolymerization reactions
Authors: Bowman Christopher N. , Kloxin Christopher J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPhotopolymerization reactions proceed rapidly at ambient conditions and are able to exhibit both temporal and spatial control, nevertheless their full potential has been limited by a lack of understanding of the polymerization kinetics and polymer network evolution as well as a lack of custom, functional monomers, and polymerization mechanisms. For the last 15 years, our group has sought to address these limitations by reaction engineering at both the fundamental and applied levels with a focus on increasing the understanding, potential, and implementation of photopolymerization reactions. In particular, we have modeled and experimentally validated the complex spatially dependent polymerization kinetics and network heterogeneity, and we have implemented these systems for applications improvement or development in lithography, microdevice fabrication, biomaterials, biodetection, dental materials, and surface coatings. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Life expectancy in Gaucher disease type 1
Authors: Weinreb Neal J. , Deegan Patrick , Kacena Katherine A. , Mistry Pramod , Pastores Gregory M. , Velentgas Priscilla , vom Dahl Stephan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe estimated life expectancy at birth for Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) patients by comparing survival data from GD1 patients enrolled in ICGG Gaucher Registry to the U.S. population using standard life table methods. 2,876 GD1 patients had 102 reported deaths in 13,509 person‐years of follow‐up. Estimated life expectancy at birth was 68 y, compared with 77 y in reference population; splenectomized patients, 64 y; nonsplenectomized, 72 y. Causes of death for 63/102 patients were malignancy (17/63), cardiovascular (11/63), and cerebrovascular (8/63). Estimated life expectancy at birth for GD1 patients was ∼9 y less than reference population. Malignancies did not contribute to shortened life expectancy. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[2.2]Paracyclophanes in Polymer Chemistry and Materials Science
Authors: Hopf Henning 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAfter a long period as model compounds in basic research [2.2]paracyclophanes are quickly gaining in practical importance. They can be incorporated into numerous polymeric systems in which they either lose (the so‐called Parylenes) or retain their layered structure, and they can be used for the construction of unsaturated molecular scaffolds characterized not only by conventional (lateral) π‐electron overlap but also by cofacial π‐electron interactions. Surfaces generated from and with [2.2]paracyclophanes possess interesting biological, photophysical, and optoelectronic properties.
Toughened epoxy resin matrix for a membrane shell by wet filament winding
Authors: Zhou Wenying , Qi Shuhua , Ai Tao , Zhao Hongzhen , Zhang Mingtao , Li Wenquan , Lau Eva 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA toughened epoxy resin matrix was obtained with a reactive toughening agent and methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride as a curing agent. The mechanical properties of the modified epoxy resin and its glass‐fiber‐reinforced composites were investigated systematically. The modified epoxy resin matrix possessed many good properties, including a high flexural strength (138 MPa), high elongation at break (5.2%), low viscosity, long pot life at room temperature, and good water resistance. In addition, the glass‐fiber‐reinforced composites showed a high strength conversion ratio of the glass fiber (86.7%) and good fatigue resistance. The results demonstrated that the modified epoxy resin matrix is very suitable for applications in reverse osmosis membrane shell products fabricated with wet filament winding for water treatment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase is a key regulatory enzyme for juvenile hormone synthesis in the Eri silkworm, Samia cynthica ricini
Authors: Sheng Zhentao , Ma Li , Cao Mei‐Xun , Jiang Rong‐Jing , Li Sheng 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDuring the period of adult emergence in the Eri silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini, the corpora allata (CA) are apparently reactivated in females, but not males. This creates a significant sexual dimorphism in juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis by CA. To determine the underlying molecular mechanisms in this process, we cloned cDNAs of two enzymes involved in the JH synthesis pathway: 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR) and juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase (JHAMT). Both Samcri‐HMGR and ‐JHAMT mRNAs were detected in CA almost exclusively. However, their expression patterns were different from each other. During the period of adult emergence, Samcri‐HMGR was expressed in CA at a constantly high level suggesting it plays little role for the regulation of JH synthesis. In contrast, the patterns of both Samcri‐JHAMT mRNA level and enzyme activity were closely correlated with the patterns of JH synthesis, CA reactivation, and sexual dimorphism of JH synthesis. In addition, JHAMT mRNA levels were paralleled JH synthesis in the fifth‐instar larvae of S. cynthia ricini and the pharate adults of the silkworm Bombyx mori. We infer from these results that JHAMT is a key regulatory enzyme for JH synthesis in the Eri silkworm. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 69:143‐154, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.