bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Eyespot (Cercosporella herpotrichoides) and Seed Treatments of Benomyl, Chlormequat and Organomercury on Rye
Authors: Rawlinson C. J. , Davies J. M. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA field trial of autumn‐sown rye cv. Lovaszpatonai subject to natural infection with Cercosporella herpotrichoides showed that eyespot, in the absence of lodging, was significantly correlated with reduced grain size and 1,000 grain weight but not with total yield in weight of grain. No seed treatment affected total yield although benomyl significantly increased fertile tiller number, increased the percentage of lesion‐free tillers in April, and by July, compared with the control, had reduced the number with eyespot lesions by 38 per cent. In laboratory experiments organomercury and a combined treatment of organomercury plus chlormequat protected seedlings from attack by seedborne fungi and in the field trial these treatments also increased the percentage of lesion‐free tillers in April but did not affect the numbers with eyespot in July.
Observations on the Development of the Brassica Cyst Eelworm
Authors: Lewis Serfiah 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn South Wales two generations of brassica cyst eelworm (Heterodera cruciferae Franklin) can be completed in a year and development of a third generation proceeds slowly over winter. No consistent increase in cyst populations occurred in two fields sampled annually for eight years and two sampled annually for five years.
A Method of Screening Strawberries for Resistance to Verticillium Wilt
Authors: Jordan V. W. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA technique is described for rapid testing of strawberry plants for resistance to verticillium wilt. Plants were inoculated by dipping roots in a conidial suspension (100,000/ml) of the pathogen and replanting them in a light sandy soil containing Verticillium‐infected plant debris. With soil temperature maintained at 20°C, air temperature above 18°C and 14 hr of supplemented light, conditions favoured infection and symptom production. Reproducible results were obtained with standard cultivars of known field performance.
Synonymy as a Source of Confusion in Distinguishing between certain Tineid Lepidoptera
Authors: Alford D. V. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAs a result of nomenclatorial changes both the cocksfoot moth (Glyphipterix simpliciella (Steph.)) and the diamond‐back moth (Plutella xylostella (L.)) are liable to be confused with other tineid species. To avoid this confusion, some details and illustrations are given of the species concerned.
Comparison of Some New Fungicides for the Control of Scab and Powdery Mildew of Apple
Authors: Burchill R. T. , Williamson Cynthia J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn 1969, apple scab was controlled equally well by spraying at 14 or 28 day intervals with benomyl (0.025 per cent a.i.). Triarimol (0.004 per cent a.i.) at 14‐day intervals was even more effective and also surpassed benomyl in controlling apple mildew.In 1970, when the dry summer prevented apple scab development, triarimol apphed at 10‐day intervals again provided the best control of apple mildew. Sprays of thiophanate (NF 35) (0.05 per cent a.i.) and thiophanate‐methyl (NF 44) (0.05 per cent a.i.) applied at 10‐day intervals were no better than the standard captan/dinocap programme, but triarimol and benomyl at 21‐day intervals were less effective.
Observations on the Biology and Control of Stem Eelworm (Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev) on Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla Ser.)
Authors: French N. , John M. E. , Williams J. J. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe life cycle of Ditylenchus dipsaci in hydrangea is similar to that in other plants: eggs hatched in about eight days and adults developed in 12 days at 19°C. The eelworms infesting hydrangea were shown to be of an oat‐onion race. Hot‐water treatment killed the plants before achieving complete control. Thionazin soil drenches at 0.02 per cent and 0.03 per cent gave good control of eelworm but 0.005 per cent and 0.01 per cent failed to give satisfactory control in some experiments. The higher rates caused some phytotoxicity particularly to rooted cuttings and forced plants. Thionazin 10 per cent granules at 2 oz per bushel (56.7 g per 36.4 1.) of compost caused very severe phytotoxicity.
Glasshouse Fumigation with Formaldehyde
Authors: White J. G. , Fletcher J. T. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFumigation for 1 hr in a 50 cu. ft (1.42 cu. m) chamber with a rate eqmvalent to 0.75 lb potassium permanganate/3 pt formaldehyde/ 6,000 cu. ft (0.34 kg/1.70 1./169.90 cu. m) killed spores of Botrytis cinerea, Fulvia fulva and Fusarium culmorum, though in a series of 1 hr fumigations based on this rate the mycelium of B. cinerea was not killed. Fumigations for 24 hr in a 50 cu. ft (1.42 cu. m) chamber and a commercial glasshouse with 0.75 lb potassium permanganate/3 pt formaldehyde/6,000 cu. ft (0.34 kg/1.70 1./169.90 cu. m) and 0.8 lb/ 1.25pt/6,000cu. ft (0.36 kg/0.71 1./169–90 cu. m) killed both spores and mycelium of B. cinerea.
The Separation of Eggs of Erioischia brassicae and E. floralis in Swede Crops
Authors: SHAW M. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYEggs collected from around the base of cultivated cruciferous crops in north‐east Scotland were hatched on suitable media contained in petri dishes, or on plants grown in pots in an outdoor insectary. Breeding in petri dishes was more successful.It was found that Erioischia brassicae(Bouche), the cabbage root fly, and E. floralis(Fall.), the turnip root fly, occur together in swede crops, but only E. brassicae in crops of cabbage and cauliflower. Despite the eggs of both species overlapping in size and the chorion patterns being indistingtiishable, plotting mean egg sizes over short consecutive periods showed that the main egg‐laying period of E. floralis was during August and September.The measurements of eggs collected before and after 1 August, when plotted on arithmetical probability paper, indicated an appreciable difference in the average size of eggs laid in the two periods, but only at those sites where both species were found.
A Survey of Leaf Diseases of Spring Barley in South‐west England
Authors: Melville S. C. , Lanham Carol A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe incidence of leaf diseases was assessed in approximately 150 crops of spring barley in Cornwall, Devon and Dorset in 1967–69 inclusive. Estimates of the percentage area of the laminae of the two top leaves affected by each disease were inade at growth stage 11.1 (Feekes scale). Mildew, leaf blotch and brown rust were the main diseases, mildew being the most severe in two of the years. Disease incidence varied with location and cultivar. Leaf blotch was usually more severe in earlier than in later sowings but the effect of sowing date on mildew severity was not consistent. None of the diseases was significantly more severe in crops which immediately followed barley than in those which did not, but the level of mildew was significantly lower after barley than after other crops. Thousand‐grain weight determinations, made on samples from a proportion of the crops surveyed, correlated well with the amount of total disease on the top leaf. The estimated loss in grain yield from all diseases ranged from about 19 to 22 per cent over the three years. Leaf blotch was more severe and mildew less severe in the three south‐western counties than in England and Wales as a whole.
An Effect of Cultural Practice on Populations of Clepsis spectrana (Treits.) (Lep., Tortricidae) on Black Currant
Authors: Dicker G. H. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAn area of black currants in Kent, which had been cut for mechanical harvesting in July 1970, was observed in the following spring to be uniformly infested with larvae of Clepsis spectrana, whilst adjacent bushes which had been hand picked were practically free from larvae. This difference was attributed to adults preferring the post‐harvest growth, which occurred only on mechanically harvested bushes, as a site for oviposition.
Comparison of the Distributions of the Pink and the Green Biotypes of the Potato Aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thos.), on Potato Plants
Authors: Wightman J. A. , Gibson R. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYField trials were condueted in 1967 and 1969 in south‐west England to compare the distributions on potato plants of green and pink biotypes of Macrosiphum euphorbiae. In both trials, the green biotype was most abundant on the lower, older leaves, whereas the pink biotype was of similar abundanee on all leaves irrespective of their position on the plant. Furthermore, the numerical predominence of the green biotype was greater on older plants.
Field Trials for the Control of Slugs on Winter Wheat
Authors: Gould H. J. , Webley D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn a series of field trials during 1968–1970, 4 per cent methiocarb or 3 per cent metaldehyde baits, applied to plots before drilling winter wheat, effectively reduced the numbers of slugs found by various methods of trapping after treatment. In the dry conditions prevailing at most of the sites, there were few consistent differences between methiocarb and metaldehyde. Little grain damage occurred on the control plots at any of the sites as weather conditions after drilling did not favour slug activity. Small increases in plant stand were obtained on the treated plots but differences between treatments were not significant.
Chemical Control of the Strawherry Mite on Mown and Unmown Strawherry Plants
Authors: Alford D. V. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYBoth in experimental plots and on a field scale in East Anglia better control of Tarsonemus fragariae Zimm. was achieved by application of endosulfan when strawberry plants (cv. Cambridge Favourite) had previously been mown off after harvest. Therefore, where this pest is a problem removal of foliage before spraying should prove beneficial.
Chemical Control of Red Spider Mite on Glasshouse Roses
Authors: French N. , Ludlam F. A. B. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYOn a commercial nursery in east Kent where red spider mite (Tetrany‐ chus urticae(Koch)) showed resistance to demeton‐S‐methyl, dicofol and quinomethionate, alternative control chemicals were investigated during 1968 and 1969.Chlorphenamidine, dinobuton, formetanate, methomyl, “Pentac” and chlorphenamidine plus formetanate all gave good control of the mite. Tetradifon gave good control in 1968 but not in 1969. Aldicarb proved ineffective in the one experiment in 1968, but good and persistent control was obtained in two of the three experiments in 1969. Binapacryl, fenazaflor, GS19851 and “Torak” did not significantly decrease mite numbers.On a nursery in west Sussex, dinobuton, endosulfan, formetanate and quinomethionate applied in February 1971 to unpruned rose bushes, heavily infested with red spider mite, all gave good control of mites and eggs.
Host Plants of Tulip Stem Eelworm (Ditylenchus dipsaci)
Authors: HESLING J. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYCultivars of 15 species of crop plants were tested to find out if they were hosts of Ditylenchus dipsaci(Kühn) Filipjev from tulip. Some eelworms were recovered from all plants after eight weeks. Eelworms increased greatly in beans (Vicia and Phaseolus), peas (Pisum), onion (Allium cepa), turnip (Brassica campestris) and cucurbits, often without inducing plant symptoms.
Injury to Field Beans (Viciafaba L.) by Tylenchorhynchus dubius
Authors: Whitehead A. G. , Fraser Janet E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPots of sterilized soil were inoculated with a few Tylenchorhynchus dubius(Biitschli) and barley was grown twice in the pots. Although the barley was apparently not harmed, T. dubius multiplied greatly. Beans (Vicia faba L. cv. Tarvin) were then grown in the pots and were severely damaged by the nematodes. The method used could be adapted to suit other nematodes and crop plants.
Verticillium Wilt of Pelargoniums
Authors: Fletcher J. T. , Griffin M. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYVerticillium wilt of Pelargonium x domesticum caused by Verticillium albo‐atrum and Verticillium dahliae is recorded in the U.K. Naturally‐infected plants showed severe symptoms during the summer but there was some recovery in the autumn and winter. In experiments, symptom severity increased at high temperatures but was not markedly in fluenced by day‐length treatments. Isolates of V. dahliae from chrysanthemum and pelargonium readily infected either host. Benomyl drenches at 1·5 g/4·5 1. at the rate of 200 ml/plant suppressed symptom expression and resulted in a high proportion of healthy cuttings from infected stock plants.
Observations on the Control of Tetmnychus urticae on Roses by Phytoseiulus persimilis
Authors: Simmonds S. P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYObservations at a holding in south‐west England in 1970 and 1971 have shown that the mite predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias‐Henriot can effectively control red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), on roses under glass where the grower is willing to dispense with sulphur fumigation.
Some Properties of a Mechanically Transmissible Virus Widespread in Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) in Scotland
Authors: Jones A. T. , Murant A. F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA virus, code‐named 52V, was obtained from 16 cultivars and seedlings of red raspberry by inoculation of sap to Chenopodium quinoa during spring or autumn. Some raspberry plants were infected with 52V after six months in the field, and more than 50 per cent of the plants of some cultivars were infected after four years. The virus was also obtained from Rubus occidentalis plants previously infected with virus from red raspberry by means of aphids (Amphorophora rubi and Aulacorthum solani). These aphids transmitted 52V from red raspberry to C. quinoa.52V was transmitted by inoculation of sap to six herbaceous species but induced symptoms only in Chenopodiaceae. In C. quinoa sap, 52V lost infectivity after dilution to 10−2, heating for 10 min at 52·5°C, storage at 18°C for 24 hr or treatment with n‐butanol to 8·5 per cent (v/v). Preparations made by clarifying extracts with chloroform or ether followed by differential centrifugation contained a few isometric particles c. 30 nm in diameter which may be those of the virus.
Chemical Control of Red Spider Mite on Pot Chrysanthemums
Authors: Ludlam F. A. B. , French N. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTreatment of chrysanthemum cuttings, by dipping before planting or by spraying three weeks after planting, with diluted dicofol, Du Pont 1642, fenazaflor, formetanate,‘Pentac’ or quinomethionate reduced infestations of red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae (Koch)) nine weeks after planting. Dicofol, Du Pont 1642, formetanate, quinomethionate or tetradifon applied just before flowering gave good control of mites, and dicofol, formetanate, quinomethionate and tetradifon gave almost complete kill of eggs. Fenazaflor, particularly as a dip, caused phytotoxicity.
Shaggy Stipe, a New Disease of Cultivated Mushroom caused Mortierella bainieri
Authors: Fletcher J. T. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSymptoms are described of a new disease of mushrooms caused by Mortierella bainieri. Peeling of the stipe to give a shaggy appearance is one of the most characteristic symptoms. Similar symptoms were reproduced in an infection experiment. M. bainieri is less sensitive to benomyl than some of the other more common fungal pathogens of this crop.
Irrigation as a Practical Means to Control Potato Common Scab (Streptomyces scabies): Final Experiment and Conclusions
Authors: Lapwood D. H. , Wellings L. W. , Hawkins J. H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn 1971, irrigation at Gleadthorpe E.H.F. had little or no effect on yields but, when applied early in the season, greatly decreased common scab on the susceptible cultivars King Edward, Majestic and Désirée. Record, and especially Pentland Crown, had little scab with or without irrigation.Most‐scab infection occurred during dry weather in late June and early July. Irrigation for 6 wk from 4 June, at 0.6 in. (15 mm) soil moisture deficit (S.M.D.) controlled scab most effectively, but 6 wk was only marginally better than 4 wk. With other regimes, the severity of scab increased as the S.M.D. allowed before irrigation was increased. King Edward tubers from unirrigated plots were blemished more in 1971 than in the two previous dry seasons, partly because rain caused tubers to swell more than previously and enlarged scab lesions so much that healthy tissue between scabs was ruptured.More tubers per plant were formed from King Edward when seed tubers were treated with benomyl and oxycarboxin before planting than when untreated, but irrigation even from 75 per cent emergence had no effect on tuber numbers.
Insecticidal Control of the Cabbage Leaf Miner, Phytomyza rufipes Meig., attacking Calabrese
Authors: Coaker T. H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDamage caused by larvae of Phytomyza rufipes to the ‘spears’ of calabrese can reduce the quality of crops grown for processing. During 1969–71 inclusive, over 80 per cent of the plants in crops grown for a once‐off harvest were attacked by the miner. Eggs are laid on all the main‐stem leaves, but preference for the second to fourth leaves as oviposition sites caused peak attacks to occur at this stage of growth in the crops.Weekly sprays of 0·1 per cent active ingredient of azinphos‐methyl, dimethoate or trichlorphon applied over the full six‐week period of attack reduced the damage by about 90 per cent, compared with a 70 per cent reduction when trichlorphon was applied over the period of peak attack.
NEPO Viruses in Raspberries in the West Midlands
Authors: Dale W. T. , Brown E. B. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYArabis mosaic virus (AMV) was found in several West Midland raspberry crops of cv. Mailing Promise and in one of Mailing Exploit, associated with stunted patches and yellow mosaic patterns on the leaves. AMV was not found in Mailing Jewel, even when adjacent to affected Mailing Promise and showing similar deterioration, but strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRV) was isolated from affected plants of the former cultivar at two sites. Xiphinema diversicaudatum, the nematode vector of both viruses, occurred in soil samples from affected fields and when cucumber plants were grown in soil from one of the proven SLRV sites they became infected. Similarly, the virus was demonstrated in soil from where cv. Mailing Jewel had failed and been grubbed the previous autumn.
A Stemphylium Leaf Blight of Tomato
Authors: Dickens J. S. W. , Evans S. G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA severe leaf blight of tomato caused by Stemphylium botryosum Wallr. is reported, and the pathogenicity of the fungus was confirmed. This is believed to be the first record of this fungus attacking tomato foliage in England. Benomyl sprays and drenches had been applied to the affected crops. In experiments, various benomyl drenches and sprays did not control the disease and there was no evidence that it was encouraged by such treatments. No seedborne infection was detected.
Observations on the Effects of Insecticides on Glasshouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westw.))
Authors: French N. , Ludlam F. A. B. , Wardlow L. R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn trials on a commercial cucumber nursery in Kent in 1971, malathion high‐volume sprays gave good control of whitefly adults and young ‘scales’. Malathion applied at ultra‐low volume (‘Turbair’) or as an aerosol was less effective. Malathion dust controlled only adults. Nicotine and petroleum oil were ineffective.In laboratory and glasshouse experiments in 1972, 16 chemicals as sprays, dips, drenches, smokes or fumigants were tested against each stage of a malathion‐susceptible and a malathion‐resistant whitefly population cultured on French beans. Adults and larval instars of the susceptible population were well controlled by sprays (adults) and dips (larvae) of organophosphorus insecticides, DDT, bioresmethrin and pyrethrum; but only thionazin, DDT, bioresmethrin and pyre‐thrum gave adequate control of the resistant population. Thionazin drenches were moderately effective against susceptible larvae but gave poor control of resistant larvae. Dichlorvos and naled fumigants and DDT/gamma‐BHC smoke controlled susceptible larvae but only DDT/gamma‐BHC smoke was effective against resistant larvae. Excepting dips of cartap and DDT, treatments had little effect upon eggs. Larvae became more difficult to kill as age increased; only bioresmethrin (0·02 and 0·04 per cent active ingredient) gave good control of pupae.
Infection of Lolium multifiorum with Rhynchosporium Species
Authors: Wilkins P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Rhynchosporium orthosporum was isolated from Lolium multifiorum from breeders’ plots at Aberystwyth twice as often as R. secalis. R. orthosporum from Dactylis glomerata, L. multiflorum or L. perenne would infect only the host genus from which it was isolated. R. secalis from L. multiflorum would produce symptoms not only on L. perenne, but on Hordeum sativum as well. Significantly, this was of race U.K.1, the most common race on H. sativum. Of 20 genotypes of L. multifiorum cv. RvP, 17 ranked similarly for level of resistance to both pathogen species. However, the remaining three genotypes were resistant to one, but markedly susceptible to the other. Progeny of selected resistant genotypes were far more resistant than the original cultivar. This suggests that there are reasonable prospects for resistance breeding.
An External Ringspot of Potatoes
Authors: Richardson D. E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA disease resembling corky ringspot of potato caused by tobacco rattle virus in parts of the United States was reported in Yorkshire. Here also the ringspot symptoms were closely associated with TRV, although varietal reactions did not always correspond. Likewise, varietal reactions did not always correspond with those caused by potato mop top virus. A condition similar to the canker type of internal rust spot was present in some tubers bearing ringspots.
Observations on the Use of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias‐Henriot to Control Tetranychus mticae (Koch) on Tomatoes
Authors: Dixon G. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDuring 1971 in the North Riding of Yorkshire six different methods of introducing the predator Phytoseiulus persimilis to control red spider mite on glasshouse tomatoes were compared with two acaricidal treatments. Introducing red spider mite on to every tenth plant three days before placing the predator on the same plants was the most effective method of preventing red spider mite damage. The methods of assessing predator and red spider mite populations as well as red spider mite damage on tomatoes are described.
Effects of the Apple Mildew Spray Programme on the Control of Fruit Tree Red Spider Mite
Authors: Butt D. J. , Cranham J. E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYBetaomyl, diethyl phthalimidophosphonothionate (‘Dowco 199’) and triarimol were less effective than binapacryl or dinocap in suppressing fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in post‐blossom trials in Kent of fungicides active against apple powdery mildew, Podosphaera leucotricha. Residual effects observed in 1970 indicated that the extension of 10‐day programmes in 1969 from 30 June to 31 July improved mite control, except with triarimol. The omission of any consecutive pair of dinocap applications between late May and late June, 1970, increased the number of mites present at the end of the season more than did later interruptions of the programme. This period in early summer, which covered the hatching of winter eggs, is known to be crucial in the control of mildew. Mite damage was most severe following the omission of dinocap in late May and early June.
Septoria nodorum as a Seed‐Borne Pathogen of Barley
Authors: Holmes S. J. I. , Colhoun J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Septoria nodorum occurs as a seed‐borne pathogen of barley. When seed of cv. Zephyr inoculated with S. nodorum was sown in the glasshouse, symptoms were not observed on coleoptiles, but the pathogen was present internally in some of them and caused a reduction in the mean height of seedlings in dry soil.