bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Cesarean section rates using Robson’s ten-group classification system in comparison with the MCS population reference
Authors: Apuroopa T , Nimbargi Vandana Ravindra , Dabhadkar Suchita Vivek 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
The escalating global prevalence of Cesarean section (CS) deliveries raises concerns. To address this, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests employing Robson’s ten-group classification system (RTGCS) for assessing and comparing CS rates among obstetric units. The aim of our study was to assess our hospital’s CS rate per group and juxtapose it with WHO Multi-Country Survey (MCS) population reference data. Furthermore, we delve into prevalent obstetric Indications for CS and examine potential strategies for mitigating the high CS rate.

Materials and Methods:
This observational cross-sectional study occurred at an Indian tertiary care teaching hospital from October 2018 to May 2020. Women delivering during this period were classified based on RTGCS, and Cesarean rates were computed across various groups. These rates were then compared with the WHO’s MCS population reference guidelines. Additionally, we investigated obstetric Indications for CS within these groups.

Results:
Of 2994 deliveries during the study period, 42.55% were CS. Notably, group 5 (29.75%) and group 1 (21.74%) had the highest CS rates. The CS rate of nulliparous women was 40.9%. Primary CS groups frequently cited fetal distress as the reason, while group 5 showed repeat CS due to previous CS with obstetric complications, on-demand CS, and scar integrity concerns.

Conclusion:
Despite our hospital’s overall high CS rate, group-specific contributions align with existing research. High-risk pregnancies, previous CS cases, and preterm CS for neonatal care notably contribute. Efforts should target in reducing CS in low-risk groups.
Lyme disease
Authors: Gayatri Sugali , Nanabala Mounika 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Lyme disease (LD) is the most prevalent vector-borne illness in the United States and Europe, caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. LD infections are recorded in about 20,000 instances each year. The most significant risk is to people who live in coastal areas, such as the Great Lakes region, northwest California, and the Northeast. A higher risk applies to young people and people who spend much time outside in woody areas. Erythema migrans, the most common skin lesion, is caused by the deposition of spirochetes in human dermal tissue, which causes an inflammatory reaction. The prognosis is excellent if correctly and quickly addressed. Although the condition can appear clinically in many ways, the most common ones in untreated patients typically involve the heart, joints, or central nervous system. Diagnosis is typically made clinically. Doxycycline or amoxicillin are used as treatments. Cefuroxime or erythromycin are frequently used as alternatives. Ceftriaxone or penicillin G must be administered intravenously for late or severe illness. In some patients, single-dose doxycycline (200 mg orally) is frequently administered as prophylactic. Patients should be encouraged to take preventative measures to help lower risks.
Incidence of depression in pregnant and postpartum women in tertiary care hospital using Edinburg postpartum depression scale: A prospective observational clinical study
Authors: More Mayuri , Agarwal Aashna , Noorien Ruma , Shetty Chiranjeev , Gopal Sriram , Patil Prachi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Depression is a mood disorder characterized by physical symptoms like fatigue, pain, sleep disturbances, and/or a persistently low mood. Antenatal depression refers to a nonpsychotic depressive condition that starts during pregnancy. Postpartum depression, on the other hand, emerges within a month after childbirth and can persist for up to 1 year. The objective of this study is to determine the occurrence of depression among women during both the antenatal and postnatal periods by utilizing the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).

Materials and Methods:
From 1 August 2022 to 1 September 2023, 246 women responded to the EPDS questionnaire during and after childbirth. Valid consent was obtained from all participating subjects before the study’s commencement.

Results:
The study revealed that depressive disorders affected 23.2% of women during the antenatal period and 20.3% during the postnatal phase. A higher prevalence of depression was observed among multiparous women (53.7%) and those aged between 25 and 34 years (64.2%). Additionally, significant associations between depression and risk factors like cesarean delivery (54.1%) were identified.

Conclusion:
Both the postpartum period and pregnancy pose increased risks for the onset of various psychiatric disorders. This research assisted in screening, classifying, and identifying high-risk individuals and providing guidance and support to those requiring additional assistance and counseling. Therefore, regular EPDS screening can potentially enhance maternal and child health outcomes.
Unveiling the complexity of anti-GBM pulmonary renal syndrome: A case report
Authors: Sridhar Tejashree , Shukla Sudhanshu , Hiremath Jayasheela S , Nyamagoud Sanathkumar B , Vishwanatha Swamy Agadi Hiremath 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Goodpasture Syndrome, alternatively referred to as Anti-GBM disease, is an uncommon autoimmune condition marked by the production of autoantibodies targeting the basement membranes of the glomeruli and alveoli. This immune response triggers a pronounced inflammatory reaction in the kidneys and lungs, potentially resulting in the development of anti-GBM pulmonary-renal syndrome (APRS). The syndrome is exceptionally infrequent, with an estimated yearly incidence ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 cases per million individuals, commonly impacting young adults and demonstrating a male predominance. This case report involving a 48-year-old man underscores the importance of considering Goodpasture Syndrome, particularly in young individuals displaying clinical signs suggestive of renal and pulmonary complications. Prompt diagnosis and timely intervention are essential for better outcomes in this rare and potentially life-threatening autoimmune condition. Heightened awareness among health care providers can facilitate quicker identification and treatment, ultimately improving the outlook for those affected.
A comprehensive review of clinical outcomes and safety profile of durvalumab in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hiremath Jayasheela S , Viswanath Swamy AHM , Mahajan Pooja , Sridhar Tejashree , Shukla Sudhanshu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), encompassing adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and large cell carcinomas, is a prevalent and varied lung cancer type. It holds a significant share of lung malignancies in India and the United States. The advancement of local NSCLC is significantly influenced by smoking, and the recommended therapeutic approach for these cases is chemoradiotherapy. However, the prognosis remains challenging, necessitating innovative treatments. Durvalumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, shows promise against unresectable stage 3 NSCLC. Blocking programmed death ligand-1 interactions amplify immune responses against tumors. Durvalumab has exhibited efficacy in trials and improved survival when combined with chemotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Adverse effects include cough, rash, hypothyroidism, and abdominal pain. Immunotherapies like durvalumab bring hope for better outcomes, but continuous research is crucial for refining treatments and enhancing patient survival.
Preparation of water-soluble nanocurcumin with enhanced superoxide scavenging activity
Authors: Mohanty Harshita , Yadav Raman P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Curcumin, a curcuminoid derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been extensively studied for various bioactivities. However, its limited water solubility and sensitivity to light restrict its therapeutic applications. In recent years, researchers have been exploring ways to enhance the properties of curcumin. In the current investigation, curcumin was transformed into its nanoform by utilizing d-glucose in an aqueous phase at room temperature, creating water-soluble nanocurcumin. Since this study focuses on altering the architecture of the curcumin sphere, it has been examined explicitly for antioxidant activity through well-defined in vitro assays.

Materials and Methods:
Nanocurcumin was synthesized through the conversion of curcumin using d-glucose. The zeta potential of nanocurcumin was measured to assess its water solubility. The orientation of curcumin in its nanoform was confirmed through ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and photoluminescence. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) was employed to provide evidence of its potential assembly. At the same time, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was conducted to discern alterations in peaks and stretches indicative of the transition to the nanoform. The prepared nanocurcumin was examined for superoxide and free radical scavenging activities, given curcumin’s well-known antioxidant properties.

Results:
The zeta potential measurement of nanocurcumin yielded a mean value of −53.4 mV. The nanoform orientation of curcumin was confirmed through UV–Vis spectroscopy, revealing a shift in the maximum absorption from 450 to 430 nm. Photoluminescence analysis, conducted with excitation at a wavelength of 478 nm, recorded a significant 5.01-fold increase in fluorescence intensity, from 193.6 to 971.8 a.u., accompanied by a slight shift in the emission maxima peak. HR-TEM was done, and various field images have been taken. Some images illustrated the probable assembly of curcumin into a spherical nanoform with a shell-like structure embedded inside the glucose sphere. Fourier-transform infrared analysis indicated alterations in some peaks and stretches due to the transition to the nanoform. Upon examination of the prepared nanocurcumin for superoxide and free radical scavenging activity, a noteworthy enhancement in superoxide scavenging activity was observed, increasing from 21.42 ± 5.01% in the native form to 69.94 ± 5.84% in the nanoform at a concentration of 10 µg/mL of curcumin. Conversely, a slight reduction in free radical scavenging activity was noted, decreasing from 55.57 ± 5.16% in native curcumin to 47.43 ± 6.83% in the nanoform at the same concentration.

Conclusion:
The water-soluble curcumin synthesized in this study can be regarded as an advanced molecule with the potential to address diseases mediated by oxidative stress effectively.
An unusual instance of propofol-triggered green urine in anesthesia management: A case report
Authors: Gonenavar Madhusoodan M , Shukla Sudhanshu , Sridhar Tejashree , Prasad Rashmi , Tabali Rudresh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Green urine is a rare and harmless side effect of propofol administration, occurring in less than 1% of cases. Urine discoloration following a single propofol bolus for induction of anesthesia is uncommon, benign, and entirely reversible upon cessation of propofol. Here, we present a case of green urine induced by a single dose (bolus) of propofol and discuss other potential endogenous and exogenous factors that could cause urine discoloration. Our case report aims to raise awareness among intensivists, physicians, and patients, helping to avoid unnecessary laboratory testing, initiating empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics, and anxiety associated with this unusual presentation.
A comprehensive review of the use of lemborexant in treating insomnia
Authors: Reddy Pesala Pavan Kumar , Hiremath Jayasheela S , Nyamagoud Sanatkumar Bharamu , Swamy Agadi Hiremath Viswanatha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Lemborexant (LEM), a dual orexin receptor antagonist, represents a significant advancement in treating insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder affecting a considerable portion of the population, especially older adults in India. LEM has several benefits over conventional sedatives in the treatment of insomnia, such as the selective mechanism of action, lower risk of tolerance and dependence, better sleep architecture, reduced possibility of cognitive impairment, various dosing options, the risk of rebound insomnia, and the risk of drug–drug interactions are also decreased. This thorough examination explores the pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, clinical effectiveness, and safety profile of LEM, providing valuable insights into its distinct mode of action compared with traditional medications targeting gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. By blocking orexin receptors (orexin 1 receptor and orexin 2 receptor), LEM regulates neuropeptides orexin A and orexin B, crucial for controlling wakefulness and arousal. Clinical trials demonstrate its predictable pharmacokinetics, dose-dependent effects, and minimal adverse reactions, confirming its efficacy in improving sleep initiation and maintenance. Long-term studies on LEM’s sustained therapeutic benefits show no signs of rebound insomnia or withdrawal. Its favorable safety profile, including minimal impact on next-day functioning, cognitive abilities, and postural stability, sets it apart from other treatments. The exploration of potential drug interactions underscores the importance of cautious prescribing, especially concerning cytochrome P450 3A inhibitors and inducers. As LEM becomes integrated into healthcare protocols, it promises to be a well-tolerated and effective solution, reshaping standard treatment approaches for insomnia and overcoming the limitations of older medications. In summary, LEM is a valuable addition to the pharmacotherapeutic toolbox, offering a novel strategy for managing sleep disturbances with sustained efficacy and favorable safety features.
Clinico-etiological profile of chronic liver disease in females: A cross-sectional observational study in Eastern Indian set-up
Authors: Chatterjee Rupak , Naskar Arindam , Mandal Madhuchhanda , Sarkar Kumkum , Mukherjee Shatavisa , Karmakar Partha Sarathi , Pramanik Netai 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
There are notable distinctions in the epidemiology, progression, symptoms, and treatment responses observed between males and females with chronic liver disease (CLD). Women tend to exhibit a higher prevalence of acute liver failure, autoimmune hepatitis, benign liver lesions, primary biliary cirrhosis, and toxin-induced liver injury compared with men. This study investigated the clinical and pathological characteristics of CLD in female patients admitted to a tertiary healthcare facility in eastern India.

Materials and Methods:
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted involving adult female patients meeting the criteria for CLD. Comprehensive medical histories were obtained, physical examinations were conducted, and various investigations were performed, including complete blood count, liver function tests, urea, creatinine, and electrolyte levels. Additionally, all cases underwent whole abdomen ultrasound, with selected cases undergoing further viral profiling and upper gastrointestinal workups. The collected data underwent statistical analysis.

Results:
Among the 80 cases of CLD examined in our study, 62.5% fell within the age range of 41–60 years. Metabolic dysfunction associated with steatohepatitis (MASH) and hepatitis C were identified as the primary causes of CLD, collectively accounting for 50% of all cases. Specifically, 25% of cases were attributed solely to hepatitis C, whereas another 25% were attributed solely to MASH. Additionally, two cases presented with a combination of MASH and hepatitis C. Pallor and jaundice were the most frequently observed clinical findings. Notably, autoimmune hepatitis tended to occur in younger females, whereas MASH was more prevalent in those aged over 51 years.

Conclusion:
There are distinctions based on gender concerning the causes, advancement, natural course, complications, and outlook of CLD cases. Therefore, it is essential to consider gender-specific traits when diagnosing and treating CLD in females.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the bachelor of pharmacy practice study program: insights from the students’ point of view
Authors: Deshpande Prasanna R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Bachelor of Pharmacy Practice (B. Pharm. Pr.) was introduced by the Pharmacy Council of India several years ago as a specialized 2-year course designed for employed pharmacists in community or hospital settings. Despite its recent introduction, only a few institutions offer this program, leading to limited student enrollment. This study aimed to evaluate the program’s effectiveness from the student’s perspective. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to assess improvements in knowledge, practical skills, income, confidence, and other relevant aspects. Out of the 28 students approached, 22 responded to the survey. The average ratings (on a scale of 1 to 10) for increased knowledge, enhanced practice, improved income, and boosted confidence were 9.68, 8.81, 7.95, and 9.68, respectively. These results indicate an overall enhancement across all evaluated parameters. However, policies need to be established to encourage greater enrollment in this program.
Meta-analysis on the utility of morphometry in the cytological differential diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms
Authors: Saldanha Prema 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Thyroid nodules, particularly solitary ones, pose a frequent diagnostic challenge. While fine needle aspiration cytology is the primary diagnostic tool for assessing thyroid nodules before surgery, it still exhibits a relatively high rate of false adverse malignancy reports. The Bethesda system categorizes thyroid cytopathology into six categories with specific criteria, yet diagnostic uncertainty often arises, particularly within categories III and IV. Morphometry presents a complementary approach to cytological diagnosis, furnishing valuable diagnostic insights. Nuclear morphometry involves measuring various nuclear parameters through image analysis, offering objective data that may aid lesion classification. Despite its potential, the evaluation of nuclear morphometry in thyroid cytology remains underdeveloped. This study aims to analyze existing literature on the application of nuclear morphometry in differentiating thyroid lesions.

Materials and Methods:
The literature was searched using the Boolean query “Morphometry and Thyroid Cytology” across Google, PubMed, and Google Scholar.

Results:
The literature search identified 18 studies that employed morphometry alongside cytomorphology. Among these, three studies were excluded due to being case reports. Image analysis focused on nuclear size parameters such as area, perimeter, maximum and minimum Feret diameters, coefficient of variation of nuclear area, nuclear shape parameters, including shape factor and largest to smallest diameter ratio, and a few nuclear texture parameters. Thirteen studies reported a statistically significant difference in findings between benign and malignant lesions. However, one study indicated that nuclear morphometry might not be a dependable diagnostic tool for assessing thyroid nodules.

Conclusion:
Computerized nuclear morphometry offers an objective and reproducible means to assess and validate cytological characteristics.
Diurnal variation of corneal epithelium and stroma measured by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Moreira Rodrigo Caporrino , Reis Benson Alves da Silva , Joly Taher Bark , Moreira Hamilton 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether there is a significant diurnal variation in the thickness of corneal epithelium and stroma, in healthy volunteers, using corneal optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Introduction:
During sleep, closing the eyelids impairs the diffusion of oxygen through the corneal epithelium, resulting in the production of lactic acid, which can interfere with corneal thickness in the 1st min of wakefulness. OCT is an objective and noninvasive accurate method for evaluating corneal epithelium and storm thickness.

Methods:
A prospective and analytical study investigated the thickness and regularity of the cornea and its epithelium in the eyes (n = 30) of individuals without comorbidities. The volunteers underwent corneal OCT examination in two different periods: between 30 and 60 min after waking up and in the late afternoon of the same day. The study was carried out at Médicos de Olhos S.A, Curitiba, Brazil, between August and October 2023. For statistical analysis, the T-Student test was used, considering P < 0.0001 as statistically significant.

Results:
Epithelium variability index, in OD (P = 0.965) and in OS (P = 0.516), did not present a statistically significant difference. The difference in thickness between epithelium minimum and maximum, OD (P = 0.880) and OS (P = 1.0), also did not show a statistically significant difference.

Discussion:
It was possible to verify that the epithelial and stromal thickness of the cornea did not show significant diurnal variations. Furthermore, the regularity of epithelial thickness remained constant, as indicated by the epithelial variability index value.
Diagnosis and histopathological evaluation of soft drusen in patients that underwent evisceration and enucleation
Authors: Dias Anelise Savaris , Burnier Julia Valdemarin , Bergeron Sabrina , Youhnovska Emma , Marcotte Emily , Belfort Rubens N. , Burnier Miguel Noel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
Drusen are yellow deposits between the basal lamina of the retinal pigment epithelium and the inner collagenous layer of Bruch’s membrane. Soft drusen, generally characterized by a medium to large size and poorly demarcated boundaries, increases the risk for advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The prevalence of soft drusen in histopathological sections of the macular region, obtained from enucleated and eviscerated eyes, will be correlated in this study.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective cross-sectional study performed at the MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory (McGill University, Montreal, Canada). A total of 158 eyes were evaluated between 2011 and 2019. Of these, 50% were enucleated and 50% eviscerated eyes. Cases were divided by age in decades into both groups, eviscerated and enucleated eyes. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 50 years or older, identification by histological criteria of macular area, histopathologically preserved macular area, presence of sufficient residual tissue for additional sections, and concrete patient data. The histopathological review was performed in digitized H and E slides (ZEISS Axio Scan.Z1) to assess the presence of soft drusen.

Results:
The results in both groups, enucleated and eviscerated eyes, were similar, as well as the histopathological criteria used in the analysis of soft drusen.

Conclusion:
Prevalence of AMD in the referred population was comparable to that described in both studied groups.
Ocular sporotrichosis in a pregnant woman
Authors: Gomes Sarah Cristina Garcia , Patrus Bianca Prado , Lopes Jéssica Thais , de Sousa Luciene Barbosa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The objective was to report a rare case of ocular sporotrichosis in Fundação Banco de Olhos de Goiás. A 29-year-old pregnant woman presented with Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome. She referred to contact with a sick cat. The patient was submitted to a conjunctival culture and skin nodule biopsy, which revealed sporotrichosis. This report discussed this rare case of sporotrichosis presentation in the city of Goiania, Goiás state, Brazil.