bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trichobezoar presenting with the 'comma sign' in Rapunzel Syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Dindyal S , Bhuva NJ , Dindyal S , Ramdass MJ , Narayansingh V 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Rapunzel Syndrome is an uncommon presentation of trichobezoar, involving strands of swallowed hair extending as a tail through the small intestine, beyond the stomach. This was first described in 1968 and until 2003 only thirteen cases have been reported.

Case Presentation
A 55-year old man of East Indian descent presented to the surgical team via the emergency department in Trinidad, West Indies, with an acute abdomen and small bowel obstruction. He had a recent psychiatric history and patchy alopecia as well as a family history of schizophrenia. A supine abdominal radiograph revealed a small bowel obstruction as well as an unusual air shadow in the left hypochondrium in the region of the duodeno-jejunal flexure associated with the stomach bubble, which resembled a 'comma'. At laparotomy, the stomach and third part of the duodenum were distended and contained a large mass of dark, foul-smelling hair that occupied the stomach, crossed the pylorus and extended into the small bowel. A retroperitoneal perforation of the third part of duodenum was found and repaired. The large trichobezoar was removed via a gastro-enterotomy and the patient made a slow, but complete recovery.

Conclusion
We wish to report another case of Rapunzel Syndrome and describe an unusual radiologic sign associated with a retroperitoneal perforation of the third part of duodenum – the comma sign. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of a spontaneous retroperitoneal perforation of the third part of duodenum associated with Rapunzel Syndrome.
LPS activation is required for migratory activity and antigen presentation by tolerogenic dendritic cells
Authors: Anderson Amy E , Swan David J , Sayers Bethan L , Harry Rachel A , Patterson Angela M , von Delwig Alexei , Robinson John H , Isaacs John D , Hilkens Catharien M U 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAutoimmune pathologies are caused by a breakdown in self-tolerance. Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC) are a promising immunotherapeutic tool for restoring self-tolerance in an antigen-specific manner. Studies about tolDC have focused largely on generating stable maturation-resistant DC, but few have fully addressed questions about the antigen-presenting and migratory capacities of these cells, prerequisites for successful immunotherapy. Here, we investigated whether human tolDC, generated with dexamethasone and the active form of vitamin D3, maintained their tolerogenic function upon activation with LPS (LPS-tolDC), while acquiring the ability to present exogenous autoantigen and to migrate in response to the CCR7 ligand CCL19. LPS activation led to important changes in the tolDC phenotype and function. LPS-tolDC, but not tolDC, expressed the chemokine receptor CCR7 and migrated in response to CCL19. Furthermore, LPS-tolDC were superior to tolDC in their ability to present type II collagen, a candidate autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis. tolDC and LPS-tolDC had low stimulatory capacity for allogeneic, naïve T cells and skewed T cell polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, although LPS-tolDC induced significantly higher levels of IL-10 production by T cells. Our finding that LPS activation is essential for inducing migratory and antigen-presenting activity in tolDC is important for optimizing their therapeutic potential.
CCL11 blocks IL-4 and GM-CSF signaling in hematopoietic cells and hinders dendritic cell differentiation via suppressor of cytokine signaling expression
Authors: Stevenson Nigel J , Addley Mark R , Ryan Elizabeth J , Boyd Caroline R , Carroll Helen P , Paunovic Verica , Bursill Christina A , Miller Helen C , Channon Keith M , McClurg Angela E , Armstrong Marilyn A , Coulter Wilson A , Greaves David R , Johnston James A 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe chemokine eotaxin/CCL11 is an important mediator of leukocyte migration, but its effect on inflammatory cytokine signaling has not been explored. In this study, we find that CCL11 induces suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3 expression in murine macrophages, human monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs). We also discover that CCL11 inhibits GM-CSF-mediated STAT5 activation and IL-4-induced STAT6 activation in a range of hematopoietic cells. This blockade of cytokine signaling by CCL11 results in reduced differentiation and endocytic ability of DCs, implicating CCL11-induced SOCS as mediators of chemotactic inflammatory control. These findings demonstrate cross-talk between chemokine and cytokine responses, suggesting that myeloid cells tracking to the inflammatory site do not differentiate in the presence of this chemokine, revealing another role for SOCS in inflammatory regulation.
Investigation of Material Fatigue Behavior Through Cyclic Ball Indentation Testing
Authors: Prakash Raghu V. , Bhokardole Prashant , Shin Chow Shing 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
An experimental investigation of cyclic indentation testing to characterize the fatigue response of three different metallic materials: two aluminum alloys (2014-T651 and 7175-T7351) and a duplex stainless steel (2205), was carried out. The force-displacement response during cyclic loading was logged continuously throughout the entire duration of the test and the data were analyzed to identify parameters such as change in total depth of penetration, change in loading and unloading slopes, change in unloading intercept as a function of number of cycles, and change in displacement range as a function of number of cycles. From the results, one could identify the transient response of the material during cyclic loading, and identify some specific points relating to fatigue failure life, such as knee-point response in depth of penetration as a function of number of cycles of loading. It was observed that data on unloading slope plotted as a function of number of cycles also provide an indication of specimen failure in compression-compression fatigue. The responses were found to be similar for all the three materials tested at different maximum compressive force levels. Failure life data in the low cycle fatigue (LCF) region was evaluated for Al-Cu-Mg alloy 7175-T7351 and the data compared with the failure indicators (knee point) during cyclic indentation testing. A reasonable correlation was established between failure life, as indicated by LCF testing and knee point indicated by cyclic indentation. Experiments were also carried out on virgin material of 7175-T7351 alloy and plastically deformed material of the same alloy. Both static and cyclic indentation tests show a difference in material behavior before and after residual plastic deformation. Further work is required to correlate failure life data as obtained from cyclic indentation with specimens having controlled damage levels, before this technique can be used for residual life estimation purposes.
A Feasibility Study of the Use of Bismuth Bath to Replace Lead Bath as the Quenching Media for Steel Heat-Treating
Authors: Ru Jilai , Wang Zhirui 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The metallurgical feasibility of replacing lead (Pb) bath with bismuth (Bi) bath as quenching media for steel has been investigated. It is found that there is a good consistency in microstructures and hardness, i.e., mechanical properties for specimens quenched in Bi and Pb bath. On the possible side effect of Bi molten on the quality of steels, both the theoretical and experimental results indicate that there is no apparent corrosion or reaction between Bi and steel during quenching operation in Bi bath. Therefore, it can be firmly concluded that replacing Pb bath with Bi bath as quenching media for steel is proven to be practicable.
Stringent Mating-Type-Regulated Auxotrophy Increases the Accuracy of Systematic Genetic Interaction Screens with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mutant Arrays
Authors: Singh Indira , Pass Rebecca , Togay Sine Ozmen , Rodgers John W , Hartman John L 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
A genomic collection of haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion strains provides a unique resource for systematic analysis of gene interactions. Double-mutant haploid strains can be constructed by the synthetic genetic array (SGA) method, wherein a query mutation is introduced by mating to mutant arrays, selection of diploid double mutants, induction of meiosis, and selection of recombinant haploid double-mutant progeny. The mechanism of haploid selection is mating-type-regulated auxotrophy (MRA), by which prototrophy is restricted to a particular haploid genotype generated only as a result of meiosis. MRA escape leads to false-negative genetic interaction results because postmeiotic haploids that are supposed to be under negative selection instead proliferate and mate, forming diploids that are heterozygous at interacting loci, masking phenotypes that would be observed in a pure haploid double-mutant culture. This work identified factors that reduce MRA escape, including insertion of terminator and repressor sequences upstream of the MRA cassette, deletion of silent mating-type loci, and utilization of α-type instead of a-type MRA. Modifications engineered to reduce haploid MRA escape reduced false negative results in SGA-type analysis, resulting in &gt;95% sensitivity for detecting gene–gene interactions.
Ultraconserved Elements: Analyses of Dosage Sensitivity, Motifs and Boundaries
Authors: Chiang Charleston W K , Derti Adnan , Schwartz Daniel , Chou Michael F , Hirschhorn Joel N , Wu C-ting 
Published: October 2008

AbstractUltraconserved elements (UCEs) are sequences that are identical between reference genomes of distantly related species. As they are under negative selection and enriched near or in specific classes of genes, one explanation for their ultraconservation may be their involvement in important functions. Indeed, many UCEs can drive tissue-specific gene expression. We have demonstrated that nonexonic UCEs are depleted among segmental duplications (SDs) and copy number variants (CNVs) and proposed that their ultraconservation may reflect a mechanism of copy counting via comparison. Here, we report that nonexonic UCEs are also depleted among 10 of 11 recent genomewide data sets of human CNVs, including 3 obtained with strategies permitting greater precision in determining the extents of CNVs. We further present observations suggesting that nonexonic UCEs per se may contribute to this depletion and that their apparent dosage sensitivity was in effect when they became fixed in the last common ancestor of mammals, birds, and reptiles, consistent with dosage sensitivity contributing to ultraconservation. Finally, in searching for the mechanism(s) underlying the function of nonexonic UCEs, we have found that they are enriched in TAATTA, which is also the recognition sequence for the homeodomain DNA-binding module, and bounded by a change in A + T frequency.
LINE-Like Retrotransposition inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Dong Chun , Poulter Russell T , Han Jeffrey S 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOver one-third of human genome sequence is a product of non-LTR retrotransposition. The retrotransposon that currently drives this process in humans is the highly abundant LINE-1 (L1) element. Despite the ubiquitous nature of L1's in mammals, we still lack a complete mechanistic understanding of the L1 replication cycle and how it is regulated. To generate a genetically amenable model for non-LTR retrotransposition, we have reengineered the Zorro3 retrotransposon, an L1 homolog from Candida albicans, for use in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that S. cerevisiae, which has no endogenous L1 homologs or remnants, can still support Zorro3 retrotransposition. Analysis of Zorro3 mutants and insertion structures suggest that this is authentic L1-like retrotransposition with remarkable resemblance to mammalian L1-mediated events. This suggests that S. cerevisiae has unexpectedly retained the basal host machinery required for L1 retrotransposition. This model will also serve as a powerful system to study the cell biology of L1 elements and for the genetic identification and characterization of cellular factors involved in L1 retrotransposition.
Use of Electroshock for Euthanizing and Immobilizing Adult Spring Chinook Salmon in a Hatchery
Authors: Zydlewski Gayle Barbin , Gale William , Holmes John , Johnson Jeffrey , Brigham Troy , Thorson William 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
This study evaluated the use of electroshock as an alternative to traditional techniques for immobilizing and euthanizing hatchery fish. We used a commercially available electroanesthesia unit at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Carson National Fish Hatchery (Carson, Washington) to euthanize adult spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and to sort and collect gametes of fish at maturation. During euthanization by electroshock, the response of each fish was observed, muscular and vertebral hemorrhaging was quantified, and electrical settings were optimized accordingly. During gamete collection, fish were either electroshocked or exposed to tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222); hemorrhaging, egg viability, egg size and quantity, and resultant fry quality were examined for each treatment group. Electroshocked fish had a higher likelihood of injury during gamete collection than did fish exposed to MS-222. On average, each electroshocked fish had less than two hemorrhages on both fillets examined. The size of each hemorrhage was less than 0.10% of the fillet surface. Fecundity and egg and fry quality were not affected by either immobilization method. Electroshock was a viable and efficient means of euthanizing adult spring Chinook salmon or sorting the fish and collecting their gametes. However, equipment settings must be optimized based on site-specific (e.g., water conductivity) and species-specific (e.g., fish size and seasonal state of maturation) factors.
Effects of Temperature on the Growth of Golden Shiners in Aquaria
Authors: Melandri Marcella , Stone Nathan , Lochmann Rebecca 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Control of fish size is critical to baitfish production and marketing, and temperature is a major factor affecting fish growth. Temperature-dependent growth models were developed for juvenile golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas. Two 10-week trials with two juvenile sizes (0.5 and 1.0 g) were conducted in a flow-through aquarium system to determine the growth response to temperature. Four temperature treatments (15, 20, 25, and 30°C) were randomly assigned to twenty 110-L glass aquaria; 20 fish were stocked into each aquarium. Each aquarium received a constant inflow of water at a rate of approximately 200 mL/min, equivalent to a total water exchange every 9 h. Fish were hand fed twice daily to apparent satiation with a commercial minnow feed (32% crude protein) that had been crumbled and sieved (particle size &lt; 0.85 mm). Fish in each aquarium were batch weighed and counted every 2 weeks to document growth and survival. Average survival across treatments ranged from 93% to 96% for 0.5-g fish and from 91% to 97% for 1.0-g fish, and survival was not significantly different among treatments (P &gt; 0.05). Quadratic equations were derived to predict maximum rates of total weight growth (ΔW, g/d) and total length growth (ΔL, mm/d) from temperature. Under study conditions, ΔW was obtained at 26.0°C for 0.5-g fish and at 24.1°C for 1.0-g fish; ΔL was obtained at 26.0°C for 0.5-g fish and at 23.9°C for 1.0-g fish. Documenting the relationship of temperature to growth could lead to improvements in baitfish farming techniques. A combination of pond and tank culture would make it possible to extend the growing season or to stockpile quantities of different sizes of fish to meet market requirements.
Seasonal Variation in Sensitivity of Larval Sea Lampreys to the Lampricide 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol
Authors: Scholefield Ronald J. , Slaght Karen S. , Stephens Brian E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe evaluated the sensitivity of larval sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus to the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) in a series of toxicity tests in spring and summer. Although noted previously, the seasonal variation in sensitivity to TFM had never been tested as a means of reducing TFM usage in stream treatments. A preliminary study consisted of three spring and four summer static toxicity tests conducted at 12°C. A more comprehensive study consisted of 12 spring and summer paired flow-through toxicity tests conducted both at seasonal water temperatures and at 12°C. The sensitivity of larval sea lampreys to TFM was greater in spring than in summer. The preliminary static toxicity tests indicated that the concentration of TFM needed to kill larval sea lampreys in spring (May and June) was about one-half that required in summer (August); the concentrations lethal to 50% and 99.9% of the test animals (the LC50 and LC99.9 values) were less in spring than in summer. Analysis of variance of the flow-through toxicity data indicated that season significantly affected both the LC50 and LC99.9 values. For all 12 paired flow-through toxicity tests, the spring LC50 and LC99.9 values were less than the corresponding summer values. For 9 of the 12 paired flow-through toxicity tests, the dose–response toxicity lines were parallel and allowed statistical comparison of the LC50 values. The spring LC50 values were significantly lower than the summer values in eight of the nine tests. Verification of a seasonal variation in the sensitivity of larval sea lampreys to TFM will allow inclusion of this factor in the selection model currently used by both the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans–Canada to schedule lampricide stream treatments.
Coaching Reading Buddies for Success
Authors: Theurer Joan Leikam , Schmidt Kathy Burson 
Published: October 2008

Reading buddies have been used by teachers for many years. The practice and benefits of having older students reading with younger students on a regular basis has been well documented. This article provides suggestions for teachers as they begin a reading buddy program and includes ideas for meaningful follow‐up activities that will help keep students on task, reinforce the purpose of their time together, and improve the comprehension of both reading buddies.لقد استخدم المدرّسون زملاء القراءة لسنوات كثيرة وقد تم توثيق فوائد القراءة التي يوجد فيها طلاّب أكبر سناً يقرؤون مع طلاّب أصغر سناً بشكل منتظم. وتوفّر هذه المقالة اقتراحات للمدرّسين الذين ينشؤون برنامج زميل القراءة وتشتمل على أفكار لأنشطة متابعة معنوية تجعل الطلاّب منتبهين مركزين على الواجب وتعزّز غرض قضاء وقتهم معاً وتحسّن استيعاب كلا زميلي القراءة.阅读同伴这种教学实践已被教师采用多年。这种教学实践让年纪较大和年纪教小的学生经常一起阅读。在文献上亦有充分证据证明阅读同伴这种教学实践对学生的效益。本文为刚开始采用阅读同伴教学计划的教师提供建议并说明：如何进行有意义的后续活动以帮助学生专心阅读，如何增强与同伴一起阅读的目的，及如何改进阅读同伴两者的阅读理解能力。Les enseignants font appel depuis longtemps à des camarades de lecture. On dispose de nombreuses informations sur la pratique et les avantages qu'il y a à ce que des élèves plus âgés lisent de façon régulière avec de jeunes lecteurs. Cet article fournit des suggestions aux enseignants qui démarrent un programme de lecture avec des camarades. Il donne des idées pour assurer un suivi significatif des activités qui aideront à maintenir l'élève au travail, renforcera la raison d'être du temps passé ensemble, et améliorera la compréhension des deux copains qui lisent ensemble.Для развития навыков чтения преподаватели уже многие годы практикуют объединение детей в разновозрастные пары. Существует много свидетельств в пользу подобного метода обучения. Учителя, только начинающие работу по такой программе, найдут в этой статье много полезных советов: по какому принципу подбирать пары; какие задания помогут ученикам сознательно выполнять общую задачу; как сделать, чтобы от проведенного ими вместе времени была польза; что будет способствовать более глубокому пониманию прочитанного обоими детьми.Los maestros han usado amigos lectores por muchos años. La práctica y los beneficios de tener estudiantes mayores leyendo regularmente con estudiantes menores han sido muy bien documentados. Este artículo ofrece sugerencias para maestros que van a empezar programas de amigos lectores, e incluye ideas para actividades de poslectura que hacen sentido y que ayudarán a mantener a los estudiantes enfocados en la tarea, reforzarán el propósito del tiempo que están juntos, y mejorarán la comprensión de ambos amigos lectores.
Prediction Hydrate Formation Temperature And Comparison Between Different Types Of Hydrate Inhibitors In The South Pars Gas Complex-Phases 4&5
Authors: Karimkhani Behrooz , Khorrami Zahra 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Formation of gas hydrates is one of the most commonly encountered operating difficulties in the transmission of natural gas.
There are two 32" sealines originating from the wellhead platforms (SPD5 and SPD6) which are located at Assaluyeh in Persian Gulf, Iran, and route multi-phase flow (gas/ condensate and glycolated water) to reception facilities in onshore. The purpose of this paper is calculating the hydrate formation temperature and the required MEG injection flow rate to keep the sea line in safe margin and inhibit hydrate formation. According to results, average formation temperature at sealine inlet and outlet is 19.6ºC and 17ºC respectively while corresponding pressures are 116 and 77.3 barg. As associated and condensed water are present, MEG should be injected to prevent hydrate formation.
Impact of different parameters such as depression temperature, lean MEG concentration and amount of water on injection rate has been checked.

Introduction to South Pars Gas Complex
South Pars Gas Complex (S.P.G.C) was established as a subsidiary of the National Iranian Gas Company on 19th Oct 1998 in order to explore & develop multiple phases of South Pars Gas Field. Each phase consists of offshore production platforms, under sea pipe lines and onshore gas refinery installations. Phases 4 & 5 gas plant was designed in a base of 2000 MMSCFD of reservoir fluid. This reservoir fluid mixed with MEG in order to avoid risk of hydrate formation in the presence of free water [2].

Hydrate formation Prediction
Hydrate is a physical combination of water and other small molecules to produce a solid which has an "ice-like" appearance but possesses a different structure than ice. Their formation in gas and/or NGL systems can plug pipelines, equipment, and instruments, restricting or interrupting flow. There are three recognized crystalline structures for such hydrates. In all three, water molecules build the lattice and hydrocarbons, nitrogen, CO2 and H2S occupy the cavities. Smaller molecules (CH4,
C2H6, CO2, and H2S) stabilize a body-centered cubic called structure I. Larger molecules (C3H8, i-C4H10, n-C4H10) form a diamond-lattice called structure II. Normal paraffin molecules larger than n-C4H10 do not form structure I or II hydrates as they are too large to stabilize the lattice. However, some isoparaffins and cycloalkanes larger than pentane are known to form structure H hydrates [4].