bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AG‐4 complement‐fixing antibodies in cervical cancer and herpes‐infected patients using local herpes simplex virus type 2
Authors: Arsenakis M. , Georgiou G. M. , Welsh J. K. , Cauchi M. N. , May J. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of anti‐AG‐4 complement‐fixing antibodies in Australian cervical carcinoma (CaCx), herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2, and control patients, was investigated using local HSV strains. The local HSV strains (both HSV‐1Ml and HSV‐2Ml) were found, by neutralization experiments, to vary from the American prototype strains. All HSV‐2 strains tested were able to induce AG‐4 in 4‐h infected HEp‐2 cells. Anti‐AG‐4 complement‐fixing antibodies were detected in 40% of dysplasia patients, 60% of carcinoma‐in‐situ patients, 75% of CaCx patients, 65% of CaCx post‐operative patients, 88% of HSV‐2 patients with active lesions, 10% of HSV‐1 patients with active lesions, 10–20% of normal patients and 20% of patients with cancer, other than CaCx. The AG‐4 test is tumour‐specific in that it distinguishes CaCx from other cancer patients tested, but it cannot distinguish HSV‐2 patients from CaCx patients.
Activated T lymphocytes in infiltrates and draining lymph nodes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Galili Uri , Klein Eva , Klein George , Bal Inderjit Singh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocytes isolated from the tumors and draining lymph nodes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients exhibit the following characteristics of immune activation: (1) stable E rosette formation, (2) natural attachment to various human cells, (3) sensitivity in vitro to the lytic effect of glucocorticoids. Although the NPC T cells attach in vitroto various cells they kill only EBV‐genome‐carrying targets. These findings suggest the occurrence of a local cellular immune response in NPC, possibly directed to EBV‐determined antigens.
Malignant melanoma in Connecticut and Denmark
Authors: Houghton Alan , Flannery John , Viola Michael V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe rising incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin was reviewed using data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry (1935–1974) (Eisenberg et al., 1967) and the Danish Cancer Registry (1943–1972) (Clemmesen, 1965, 1974, 1977). A total of 7,530 cases were analyzed according to age, sex and anatomic site. The total age‐adjusted incidence rates were similar for these two countries, despite geographic and demographic differences. However, the most rapid changes in melanoma incidence were observed in females from Denmark and males from Connecticut. In addition, the largest increases occurred for lower‐extremity lesions in Danish middle‐aged women and trunk‐neck melanomas in Connecticut middle‐aged men. Melanoma of the face was resistant to changing incidence and occurred in an older age group than melanoma of other skin sites. In general, birth cohort analysis confirmed that changing incidence began for persons born around 1900, but the rising incidence for lower‐extremity melanomas in women and trunk‐neck melanomas in males began earlier. In comparing incidence for anatomic sites by correcting for surface area and melanocyte density, higher than expected rates were seen for melanoma of the face in both sexes and trunk‐neck melanomas in males. The data presented support the concept that a cumulative exposure to solar radiation may be important in the etiology of melanoma of the face, but short, intense sun exposure is probably related to melanoma in other sun‐exposed areas, and that melanoma in areas other than the face is responsible for the rising incidence of this disease.
Comparison of cytosol estrogen and progestin receptor status in malignant and benign tumors and tumor‐like lesions of human ovary
Authors: Jánne O. , Kauppila A. , Syrjálá P. , Vihko R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSome human ovarian malignancies respond favorably to hormone therapy. In order to obtain more information about the endocrine properties of these malignancies, we measured estrogen (ER) and progestin (PR) receptors in 21 malignant ovarian tumors, and compared the findings with those in 29 benign tumors and 28 tumor‐like ovarian lesions. There were marked differences in steroid receptor distributions between the three groups. Only 38% of the malignant tumors simultaneously contained measurable amounts of both receptors, whereas the corresponding figure was 76% for the benign tumors. Malignant tumors were more often (29%) receptor‐negative than the benign ones (7%). The major difference in the tumor‐like lesions was the high frequency (43%) of samples containing PR only, as compared with the two other groups. The respective concentrations (fmol/mg cytosol protein, mean ± SEM) of ER and PR were 114 ± 42 and 148 ± 76 (malignant tumors), 71 ± 34 and 132 ± 32 (benign tumors) and 19 ± 16 and 251 ± 88 (tumor‐like lesions). Of the malignant tumors, endometrioid carcinoma was characterized by a relatively high mean PR content (330 ± 262), whereas in undifferentiated carcinoma a high ER content (149 ± 97) was associated with a low PR concentration (26 ± 15). Steroid receptor content was very similar in benign epithelial tumors with different histological properties. The two main groups of tumor‐like lesions, endometriosis and luteal cysts, typically contained little or no ER and a relatively high amount of PR. Hormone dependency of malignant and benign ovarian tumors and tumor‐like lesions does not seem similar. These data support the notion that receptor determinations from malignant ovarian tumors could aid in selection of patients for endocrine therapy in a manner similar to that already established for certain other hormone‐dependent cancers.
Cancer and other causes of death among U.S. veterinarians, 1966–1977
Authors: Blair Aaron , Hayes Howard M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCauses of death among 1,551 white male veterinarians identified from obituary listings in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association were compared to an expected distribution based on the general US population. The proportion of deaths was significantly high for particular neoplasms, especially leukemia and Hodgkin's disease, and cancers of the brain and skin. Although socioeconomic and methodologic factors may be involved, the excesses were primarily among veterinarians in clinical practice, raising the possibility that specific occupational exposures may be carcinogenic. Mortality was also relatively high for motor vehicle accidents, suicides and asthma, but low for lung cancer and other diseases of the respiratory system.
Clonal extinction of myelomonocytic leukemic cells by serum from mice injected with endotoxin
Authors: Metcalf D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCulture of WEHI‐3B myelomonocytic leukemic cells in semi‐solid agar medium containing post‐endotoxin serum led to the development of maturing granulocytes and macrophages in most leukemic colonies. Colony size was consistently increased but the colony content of colony‐forming cells (stem‐cell self‐replication) was markedly reduced. Serial recloning of WEHI‐3B colony cells in the continuous presence of post‐endotoxin serum led to clonal extinction of the leukemic cells in five of seven experiments. These effects of post‐endotoxin serum on WEHI‐3B cells were not seen in clonal cultures of 10 other tumor lines. Serum with the capacity to induce differentiation in WEHI‐3B cells could be induced by the injection of as little as 0.1 μg endotoxin and by purified bacterial cell‐wall preparations. Serum activity reached peak levels 3 – 6 h after endotoxin injection and returned to preinjection levels within 48 h.
Evaluation of the immunocompetence of macrophages and the generation of T‐cell‐mediated cytotoxic response against allogeneic tumor cells in tumor bearers
Authors: Ting Chou‐Chik , Rodrigues Dennis 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present study has examined the competence of peritoneal cells (PC) of tumor bearers to reverse the immunosuppressive effect of tumor cells, and the ability of the tumor bearers to generate a T‐cell‐mediated cytotoxic response against allogeneic spleen cells or allogeneic tumor cells. It was found that PC from tumor bearers possess a greater ability to reverse the tumor cell immunosuppression in normal mice. In contrast to normal hosts, the cytotoxic responses of the tumor bearers against allogeneic tumor cells cannot be restored by PC from normal mice or from tumor bearers. The ineffective cytotoxic response in tumor bearers was not due to deficient T responders or T helpers. Rather, it was due to the presence of suppressor cells which were adherent, radioresistant and resistant to anti‐Thy‐1.2 antibody lysis, and thus were likely to be macrophages. The suppressor macrophages were present only in the spleen and were absent from the peritoneal cavity of the tumor bearers. Their suppressive effect can only be exerted in the presence of tumor cells. These results demonstrate the dichotomy of macrophage function, peritoneal macrophages from the tumor bearers showing increased activity of augmentation of T‐cell‐response whereas the splenic macrophages cause suppression of the T‐cell‐response.
Changes in tumor‐specific antigen expression during passage in vitro and in vivo of newly derived methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcomas of BALB/c mice
Authors: Law Lloyd W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe characteristics of tumor antigens of the transplantation type, TATA, were studied in a series of methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcomas in pedigreed BALB/cAN mice. Each of the six sarcomas exhibited unique TATA when assayed for tumor rejection in syngeneic hosts. In three instances, however, in sarcomas CI‐1, CII‐5 and CII‐7, TATA activity was lost during early in vivo passages. This activity was reestablished in vivo from the in vitro‐passaged lines in CI‐1 and CII‐7 and these sarcomas along with CI‐3, CI‐4 and CII‐10 maintained a stable TATA phenotype throughout the 50 transplant passages; TATA was lost permanently, however, in CII‐5. These results indicate a dimorphic nature of early‐passage neoplasms. No crossreacting antigens were detected among these sarcomas, including also Meth A, a sarcoma well characterized as to its membrane antigens; nor was any evidence obtained for the existence of alien (inappropriate) H‐2 antigens employing tumor rejection assays in F1 hybrids of BALB/c with strains bearing several haplotypes and also with studies of H‐2 serology. In three sarcomas, some evidence was obtained for the existence of alloantigens of the non‐H‐2 type since it was found that (BALB/cXDBA/2)F1 hybrids could not be immunized by the respective sarcomas. These findings suggest the existence on these sarcomas of a tumor antigen that is expressed normally in DBA/2 mice, although no definitive evidence has been otained. Assays for MuLV, for the viral structural proteins gp70 and p30 and for reverse transcriptase showed that three sarcomas were positive and three others, as well as Meth A, were negative. MuLV and its antigens had no influence on tumor rejection activity nor could the cross‐reactivity observed in the radioisotopic footpad assay (IFP) be related to MuLV.
Age‐ and tumor‐correlated changes in functional antibody responses to MTV in neonatally infected mice
Authors: Blair Phyllis B. , Lane Mary‐Ann 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBALB/cfC3H female mice (neonatally infected with MTV) possess several different specific antibody activities measured functionally by reactivity with MTV‐associated antigens expressed on the surface of isologous MTV‐induced mammary tumor target cells. All females when young develop serum antibody which can block specific T‐cell cytotoxic activity of BALB/cfC3H spleen cells; this activity remains detectable throughout life. In addition, recruiting antibody is found in the postweaning stage. This recruiting activity is apparently directed against the same antigenicity as the blocking activity; it can be detected only rarely in whole serum but is revealed in the 19S fraction when the competing blocking antibodies are sequestered into the 7S fraction. In mid‐adult life, 19S recruiting activity is found in only a few of the females; the incidence increases as the females age, and it occurs earlier in those females which subsequently develop mammary tumors. A third antibody activity of serum is blocking factor directed against different MTV‐associated tumor‐cell‐surface antigenicity; this blocks the antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity characteristic of spleen cells from BALB/c females horizontally exposed to MTV‐associated antigenicity. This blocking activity of serum is not found in young females, and in the older females it is more frequent in those which develop mammary tumors.
Significance of particle size of benzo(a)pyrene for the induction of respiratory tract tumours in hamsters
Authors: Feron V. J. , van den Heuvel P. D. , Koéter H. B. W. M. , Beems R. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo study the role of particle size of benzo (a) pyrene (BP) in the induction of respiratory tract tumours, goups of hamsters were given 52 weekly intratracheal instillations of fine (77% < 5.2 μm; 3% < 1.3 μan) or coarse (77 y 42 μm; 0% < 10 μm) BP particles suspended in gelatin‐0.9% NaCl solution. Both the fine and coarse particles were given at two different dose levels, viz., 0.5 and 1.0 mg BP/instillation. Another group of hamsters received 52 weekly intratracheal instillations each consisting of 1.0 mg BP particles of a wide size range (90% y 50 μm; 3% < 5.0 μm) suspended in 0.9% NaCl solution without gelatin. The retention of BP in the respiratory tract was studied in separate groups of hamsters receiving a single instillation of BP particles of the different size ranges. Coarse BP particles cleared less rapidly from the lungs and induced a much stronger tumour response in the respiratory tract than did fine BP particles. These findings demonstrated the crucial significance of particle size for the effectiveness of BP as a respiratory tract carcinogen. No appreciable differences in site of tumour formation were observed between treatment with fine and coarse BP particles, which led to the conclusion that the size of the particles did not play an important role in determining the location of the induced respiratory tract tumours. The elimination rate of the BP particles with a wide size range appeared to be in between those of the fine and the coarse particles. The tumour response found after administration of the BP particles of wide size range was very similar to that obtained with the high dose of coarse BP particles.
Epidemiology of pre‐invasive and invasive malignant melanoma in Western Australia
Authors: Holman C. D. J. , Mulroney C. D. , Armstrong B. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe annual incidence rates of melanoma in Western Australia in 1975 and 1976 were estimated, by reference to hospital and pathology records. They were 4.4/ 100,000 in males and 6.2/100,000 in females for pre‐invasive lesions and 18.6/100,000 and 18.8/100,000 for invasive lesions. Rates specific to particular body sites showed two distinct patterns of change with age ‐ a progressive rise beginning about age 40 years (shown by Hutchinson's melanotic freckle and invasive melanoma of the head and neck) and an early rise beginning about age 20 years with a peak in middle‐life and subsequent stabilization or decline (shown by superficial spreading melanoma, non‐invasive and invasive melanoma of the lower limbs and, less typically, trunk and upper limbs). Incidence rates were highest in native‐born Australians and higher in immigrants of British origin than in other immigrants. The rates in British immigrants were more than double those in the British Isles. The incidence was highest in residents of high social class areas, and in in‐door rather than outdoor workers. Rates were also highest in the capital city, Perth, and the south‐west corner of the State, rather than in the north where exposure of the population to ultra‐violet light might be expected to be highest. In most of these respects the patterns for pre‐invasive and invasive lesions were similar. Aspects of these data are inconsistent with the solar hypothesis of melanoma aetiology. It is suggested, however, that some of these inconsistencies may be explained if intermittent, intense exposure to the sun were more relevant to the aetiology of melanoma than continuous exposure.
Somatic cell hybrids producing antibodies specific to human fibronectin
Authors: Zardi Luciano , Carnemolla Barbara , Siri Annalisa , Santi Leonardo , Accolla Roberto S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have produced somatic cell hybrids between mouse plasmocytoma cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (P3 × 63 Ag8) and spleen cells derived from mice immunized with purified human plasma fibronectin. We report herein the properties of monoclonal anti‐fibronectin antibodies released by eight different clones.
Augmentation of cell‐mediated cytotoxicity to a rat lymphoma. III. In vitro stimulation of natural killer cells by a soluble factor
Authors: Shellam G. R. , Winterbourn V. , Dawkins H. J. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe in vitro cytotoxicity of rat natural killer cells was augmented by the incubation of normal spleen cells with a soluble factor derived from the 24‐h culture of spleen cells and various tumour cells. Cytotoxicity was augmented approximately 4‐, 3‐ or 2‐fold depending on whether the spleen cells were incubated with the factor for 18 or 3 h or during the course of the cytotoxicity assay respectively. The factor was produced in cultures containing syngeneic, allogeneic or xenogeneic tumours and no correlation was observed between the ability of tumour cells to induce the production of the factor and their susceptibility to lysis in the 4‐h cytotoxicity assay. The factor was produced in cultures of spleen cells of several rat strains, and it stimulated the cytotoxicity of syngeneic and allogeneic spleen cells. The cells responsive to stimulation closely resembled NK cells of normal rats. Culture supernatants containing the stimulatory factor possessed anti‐viral activity, and evidence suggested that NK cells were stimulated by a factor resembling a type‐1 interferon. The relevance of these findings to the stimulation of NK cells by tumours in vivo is discussed.
Embryo‐derived teratocarcinoma II. Teratocarcinogenesis depends on the type of embryonic graft
Authors: Solter Davor , Dominis Mara , Damjanov Ivan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEarly post‐implantation mouse embryos or their embryonic and extraembryonic portions were transplanted under the kidney capsule of adult isogenic recipients in order to test the tumor‐producing potential of various grafts and to establish the optimal conditions for teratocarcinoma production. The highest yield of malignant tumors was obtained from 7‐day embryos transplanted in toto. Severing the extraembryonic portion of 7‐day egg cylinders prior to transplantation of the embryonic part reduced the number of teratocarcinomas to values comparable with those obtained from transplanted 6‐day embryos. The extraembryonic portion of 7‐day embryos produced no tumors. These data suggest that extraembryonic portions of the 7‐day egg cylinder do not have tumorigenic potential alone, but may increase the yield of teratocarcinomas from the embryonic portion of the egg cylinder.
Enrichment of suppressor cell activity by hydrocortisone: Suppression of in vitro activation of splenocytes from mice bearing lewis lung carcinoma
Authors: Clerici Enrico , Schechter Bilha , Feldman Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSuppressor cells in spleens of mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) suppressed the anti‐tumor immune response in vivo but not in vitro. The hydrocortisone (HC)‐resistant fraction of spleen cells from tumor‐bearing mice (TBM) was, on the other hand, suppressive in vitro, due to enrichment for HC‐resistant suppressor cells. This cellular fraction suppressed the tumor‐induced differentiation of memory cells as well as the tumor‐independent in vitro activation of TBM spleen cells. The in vitro lymphoproliferative response of TBM spleen cells to mitogens was also subjected to suppression: these cells showed a lower response to a mitogen such as Concanavalin A (Con A) and were capable of suppressing the response of normal spleen cells to this mitogen. HC treatment of TBM 2 days prior to spleen harvest enriched the splenic population for suppressor cells that suppressed Con A‐induced activation.
Selection for virulence and organ‐specific metastasis of herpesvirus‐transformed lymphoma cells
Authors: Shearman P. J. , Longenecker B. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Marek's Disease virus‐transformed, non‐producer, lymphoma cell line, MDCC‐RP1, was selected by sequential transplantation to produce a highly malignant variant, MDCC‐AL1. This is evidenced by an 18‐fold decrease in LD50‐. The new cell line has an increased ability to form metastatic lesions in a distribution which mimics the natural disease. Further selections for organ‐specific metastasis were undertaken with the isolation of two cell lines, MDCC‐AL2, selected for liver metastasis, and MDCC‐AL3, selected for ovary metastasis. In vivo studies show that the selection was unsuccessful in the case of the ovary but successful in the case of the liver. Two assays were developed, utilizing the chick embryo and intravenous injection of lymphoma variants. One measures liver‐specific metastasis by the enumeration of tumour foci on the embryonic liver. The second, chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) focus formation, correlates with the virulence of the injected lymphoma cells. The liver‐selected tumour variant cells form more liver foci than any other tumour variant cells. The genetic background of the embryo does not affect formation of liver foci. Resistance to CAM focus formation correlates with major histocompatibility complex associated resistance to MD.
Effect of lentinan on tumor growth in murine allogeneic and syngeneic hosts
Authors: Zákány József , Chihara Goro , Fachet József 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of lentinan on retardation and regression of transplanted tumors was analysed in allogeneic and syngeneic tumor‐host systems. The effect of lentinan treatment was most variable in random‐bred Swiss albino mice bearing sarcoma 180. With inbred host strains, it was most effective in A/Ph and less, or not at all, in others (A.BY, A.CA, A.SW, DBA/2, BALB/c, C3H/Di, AKR, B10, B10.A, B10. BR, B10.D2). Inorder to eliminate the allogeneic differences, a syngeneic transplantable 3‐methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcoma (A/Ph.MC.SI) has been developed in the A/Ph strain, previously found to be the most responsive to lentinan. The growth of this sarcoma was dramatically inhibited and regression was detected in all lentinan‐treated syngeneic recipients. Both the lentinan‐treated and untreated regressor animals exhibited a high degree of resistance to a secondary challenge. However, the growth of a spontaneous, transplantable syngeneic adenocarcinoma in A/Ph mice was not influenced by lentinan treatment. The results presented substantiate further the conclusion that the effect of lentinan is mediated through host mechanisms, and show that these mechanisms are able to act against a syngeneic tumor.