bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Circulation at the Tip of the Antarctic Peninsula from Drifters
Authors: Thompson Andrew F. , Heywood Karen J. , Thorpe Sally E. , Renner Angelika H. H. , Trasviña Armando 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
An array of 40 surface drifters, drogued at 15-m depth, was deployed in February 2007 to the east of the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula as part of the Antarctic Drifter Experiment: Links to Isobaths and Ecosystems (ADELIE) project. Data obtained from these drifters and from a select number of local historical drifters provide the most detailed observations to date of the surface circulation in the northwestern Weddell Sea. The Antarctic Slope Front (ASF), characterized by a ∼20 cm s−1 current following the 1000-m isobath, is the dominant feature east of the peninsula. The slope front bifurcates when it encounters the South Scotia Ridge with the drifters following one of three paths. Drifters (i) are carried westward into Bransfield Strait; (ii) follow the 1000-m isobath to the east along the southern edge of the South Scotia Ridge; or (iii) become entrained in a large-standing eddy over the South Scotia Ridge. Drifters are strongly steered by contours of f /h (Coriolis frequency/depth) as shown by calculations of the first two moments of displacement in both geographic coordinates and coordinates locally aligned with contours of f /h. An eddy-mean decomposition of the drifter velocities indicates that shear in the mean flow makes the dominant contribution to dispersion in the along-f /h direction, but eddy processes are more important in dispersing particles across contours of f /h. The results of the ADELIE study suggest that the circulation near the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula may influence ecosystem dynamics in the Southern Ocean through Antarctic krill transport and the export of nutrients.
Trade Unions - Resource or Regulation?
Authors: Colbjornsen Tom , Korsnes Olav 
Published: June 2008

In the first part of the article an attempt is made to locate the trade unions' position in their various relations to the buyers of labor in a capitalist economy. The position is considered a contradictory one, and the concept of the trade unions' double position is used to designate this position. The concept of the trade unions' double function refers to the consequences of their activity in this position. Given this designation of the trade unions' position, we point to the strategic importance of the degree of unionization and the level of local union activity with respect to the development of an industrial democracy. We distinguish between two models of democracy: the representative and the participatory. Two extensive Norwegian research projects are used to illustrate the differences and similarities between these different models of democracy. The problem of local union activity is considered to be crucial in this connection. In the last part of the article we draw special attention to the problem of unionization. This problem is regarded as closely related to the trade unions' organizational forms, and it is discussed with reference to pro posed changes in the organizational structure of the Norwegian LO. In a synthesis of the various themes of the article we point to the relationship that exists between local union activity and degree of unioni zation, and how this relationship, in turn, is connected with the trade unions' double function and different strategies to increase the employees' influence. The aim of the article is to offer a fruitful preliminary approach to the study of these rather complex interrelationships.
‘Middle Way’ Sweden at a Cross-Road: Problems, Actors, and Outcomes
Authors: Ahrne Göran , Himmelstrand Ulf , Lundberg Leif 
Published: June 2008

Theoretically the purpose of the paper is defined in terms of class analysis and class struggle: What is the strength of the Swedish working-class in terms of numerical size, unionization, level of social consciousness, and labour party responsiveness? What is the strength of the capitalist class in terms of its systemic metapower, its control of the capital market as reflected in ownership and investment patterns, its subjection to recent labour legislation, and its internal organizational and ideological unity? Does the class opposition indicated above represent a political cross-road, and what is the likelihood of a more socialist development of Sweden from that point of departure? In spite of a decreasing percentage of industrial workers, the working-class is not diminishing in size, due to ‘proletarization’ of white-collar employees who also are becoming increasingly unionized. A new type of consciousness of the threats inherent in the capitalist order is found to unite various strata of this extended working-class, and to characterize a significant minority in some strata of the middle-class as well. We find circumstantial evidence supporting the assumption of increasing labour party responsiveness to demands for structural and not only incremental changes of capitalism. The strength of the capitalist class in Sweden is unimpaired in many respects, but increasingly appears as a hollow strength, due to contradictions between private and social costs, investment needs and investment patterns, and dependency on monetary rewards. Next general election (1979) is predicted to seat a labour party government taking off on a new road toward ‘economic democracy’.
Changes in Life-Style in Men Under Sixty Years of Age Before and After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Cleophas Ton J. M. , J. de Jong Sandra , G. Niemeyer Menco , Tavenier Piet , Zwinderman Koos , Kuypers Cl. 
Published: June 2008

A case-control study was conducted to examine the presence of psychosocial factors before, during, and after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Dutch men under sixty years of age. The study included 42 AMI patients and 48 individuals in an age-adjusted sampled control group. The psychological factors included high level of psychological stress, of social isolation, type A1 and A2 behavior, and mental depression. They were assessed by means of the Health Insurance Questionnaire of Greater New York. Univariate analysis indicated that the presence of psychological factors was common at the onset of the myocardial infarction (MI). It clearly diminished, however, after the MI had taken place. In a stepwise logistic regression analysis after adjustment for the independent variables hypertension, cholesterol, and smoking, the following three characteristics were independently related to the risk of MI: no talking (item of social isolation, P = 0.008), need to excel (item of type A1 behavior, P = 0.04), and blue feeling (item of mental depression, P= 0.09). The authors conclude that in men under 60 with AMI, the presence of psychosocial characteristics is common and that this gruop is going to change its
Felodipine and Vasomotion Physiology
Authors: Kokkas Basile , Papadopoulos Constantinos , Kotoula Maria , Kouyoumtzis Andreas , Kouvelas Demetrios , Karatzas Demetrios , Paradelis Athanassios 
Published: June 2008

This study concerns the investigation of felodipine's influence on some parameters of vasomotion physiology.Felodipine is a new generation 1,4 dihydropyridine (1,4 DHP) Ca2+-entrance blocker with marked vascular selectivity. It was found that felodipine 1-10 μM presents a Ca2+entrance-blocking activity when the bovine aortic smooth muscle is normal or stimulated by K+65.4 mM or the α-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine 1 μM. The same action is observed after nifedipine, a first-generation 1,4 DHP derivative with less angioselectivity in clinical practice. It was also found that felodipine 1-10 μM antagonizes the contraction of the bovine aortic ring that is induced by phenylephrine 10 μM or KCl 65.4 mM. On the contrary, felodipine 1-10 μM increases the contraction of the rat aortic ring that is induced by the same substances. It is known that some 1,4 DHP derivatives that are Ca2+activators can also behave as Ca2+blockers and that their final action is dependent upon membrane potential. Now it is also proved that the kind of animal species may also influence the action of the 1,4 DHP derivatives. It was finally found that felodipine increases the catecholamine stores of the sympathetic nerve terminal at the mouse heart (H) and liver (L). Obtained values were as following: control 15.00 ± 7.7 (H) and 17.72 ± 3.5 (L). Felodipine 54.50 ± 4.9 (H) and 41.54±10.4 (L). Since catecholamine stores depend on secretion (Ca2+-dependent) and reabsorption (mostly Na+-dependent) rates, the increase after felodipine may be attributed to a decreased secretion due to a Ca2+entry inhibition. As felodipine is known to block L-channels, the active and remarkable functional role of the existing sympathetic presynaptic L-channels is confirmed.
Diagnostic Styles of Attending Pediatricians, Residents, and Nurses in Evaluating Febrile Children
Authors: McCarthy Paul L. , Cicchetti Domenic V. , Stashwick Carole A. , Spiesel Sydney Z. , Dolan Thomas F. 
Published: June 2008

In order to compare the diagnostic styles of attending pediatricians (A), residents (R), and nurses (N) in judging the degree of illness of a febrile child prior to physical examination, we studied the frequency with which they used 139 different history variables and 186 observation variables in evaluating 162 consecutive children ≤24 months of age with temperature ≥38.3 C. Because individual history and observation variables were not used with sufficient frequency, comparison of diagnostic styles based on the individual variables was not possible. The individual history and observation variables were then combined into 25 history and 30 observation categories respectively. One observation category, "Eyes," was used with sufficient frequency to allow com parison of A, R, and N diagnostic styles. In the Eyes category, there were 11 variables describing visual response to stimuli ( e.g., looking at the observer) and 10 variables describing appearance of the eyes ( e.g., glassy, shiny). Attendings used variables describing visual response to stimuli significantly more frequently than R or N, which may indicate a greater facility in evaluating age-appropriate behavior and/or may be a technique to increase the sensitivity of clinical judg ments. These data demonstrate the variety of diagnostic styles of A, R, and N. There is a need to define valid and reliable observation data to identify serious illnesses in febrile children.
Blood Pressure in Full-term Healthy Neonates
Authors: Tan K.L. 
Published: June 2008

The blood pressure (BP) of 46 healthy full-term infants was studied in the first 6 consecutive days of life using the Dinamap. The BP gradually increased with age to peak at 4 or 5 days of age before subsiding a little at 6 days. There was a significant increase in BP values from the second to the third day of life in both the systolic and diastolic pressures during the waking state but not during sleep. The waking and sleeping BP, almost identical in the first day, diverged with increasing age, although no significant difference could be demonstrated between the respective values during the 6 days of study in systolic, diastolic, or mean arterial pressure. BP values obtained in the left and right upper limbs and right lower limb were similar for the respective days, with minor variations in pattern. The waking and sleeping heart rate, identical on the first day, also diverged with increase in age but again no significant difference was observed on the first 6 days. There was no correlation between the BP and heart rate on any of the 6 days. However, a positive correlation between the daily mean systolic pressure and heart rate only in the waking state was observed over the course of the 6-day study period.
Hemangiomatosis of the Colon and Peritoneum
Authors: Ibarguen S. Eduardo , Sharp Harvey L. , Snyder Charles L. , Ferreli Kathy L. , Leonard Arnold S. 
Published: June 2008

A 3-month-old infant presented with ascites, anemia, minimal rectal bleeding, and thrombocytopenia. He was found to have several hundred small cavernous hemangiomas of the colon and peritoneal surfaces. Treatment consisted of laser surgery, subtotal colectomy, and steroids. A brief review of the literature on intestinal hemangiomatosis is included as well as the complications of the disease and current therapy.
Iron-fortified Formulas
Authors: Taylor James A. , Bergman Abraham B. 
Published: June 2008

Primary care pediatricians in Washington State were surveyed regarding their attitudes about iron-fortified formula. Of the 210 responding physicians who stated an opinion 70 (33%) feel that there are definite indications for non-fortified formula, and 33 (16%) routinely recommend formula without added iron. Despite evidence that adding iron to formula has helped reduce the prevalence of anemia in children and does not cause gastrointestinal symptoms, iron-fortified formula is not universally recommended by pediatricians.
Continuous positive airway pressure machines and the work of coordinating technologies at home
Authors: Moreira Tiago 
Published: June 2008

Objectives: Research on the use of health technology at home has consistently reported that it is underpinned by users' evaluations of the technology in relation to their illness trajectory, their social network, and the place where it is used. Recent studies have also revealed that the efficacy of health technologies depends upon users' work that is largely invisible to professionals, managers and designers. This paper draws on the most widely used therapy for the management of sleep apnoea, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), to show how users maintain workable relationships between it and other technological elements of the domestic environment. Methods: Qualitative analysis was performed of an archive of messages sent to a web-based support group for sleep disorders between 1994 and 2007. Results: Users describe two related techniques: first, drawing on their embodied knowledge of using domestic technologies to imagine potential, alternative environments for CPAP; and second, using their body as an instrument to assess the `fit' of each of the attempted arrangements. The interaction between these two techniques entails frequent shifts in users' understandings of their illness and those involved in its management. Conclusion: Strategies of implementation of health technologies at home should acknowledge and incorporate the embodied knowledge processes of users.
Integration of devices into long-term condition management: a synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Gately Claire , Rogers Anne , Kirk Susan , McNally Rosalind 
Published: June 2008

Background: Understanding peoples' responses to and ability to incorporate technology for managing long-term conditions into their everyday lives is relevant for informing the development and implementation of new technologies as part of future long-term condition management in domestic environments. Future research and theory building can be facilitated by the synthesis of existing qualitative studies. Methods: A systematic search for qualitative studies of health technologies at home was undertaken on OVID CINAHL, OVID Medline and CSA databases for the period 1996—2006. Studies ( n = 12) that met the inclusion criteria were synthesized and their analyses subjected to qualitative meta-synthesis. Findings: Analyses clustered into five themes: (1) managing multiple uncertainties; (2) the reconstruction of identity; (3) the struggle to remain autonomous while allowing dependence; (4) coming to terms with living a technology-assisted life; and (5) the usability of devices. These translated into a line of argument synthesis in which technology takes on the status of a personified `other' around which a set of personal and relational attributions are subsequently constructed. These allow the extension of existing illness work to incorporate new technologies. Conclusions: Ambivalence about the value of technologies that are designed to assist with the management of a long-term condition reflects experiences of the disruptive effects of health technologies on personal identities and strategies of managing illness. At the same time, they are highly valued because they provided new opportunities to complete aspects of illness work that were previously impossible.
The Use of a Combination of Cerclage and Unicortical Interosseous Loop Dental Wires For Long Oblique/Spiral Metacarpal Shaft Fractures
Authors: AL-QATTAN M. M. 
Published: June 2008

A literature review of metacarpal fracture fixation techniques revealed that the use of a combination of interosseous and cerclage dental loop wires has not been previously described. In this report, we review the results of 24 patients with long oblique/spiral metacarpal shaft fractures of the fingers treated by this combined technique of internal fixation, followed by immediate postoperative finger mobilisation in a wrist splint. The study included 20 men and four women with a mean age of 32 (range 20–48) years. After a mean follow-up of 10 weeks, 23 patients had regained full range of motion of the fingers. Complications included one case of CRPS Type 1 resulting in mild stiffness and all four women complained of the hyperpigmentation of the dorsal hand scars. The advantages of dental wire fixation were discussed and compared to those of lag screws.
STAT3 is required for IL-21–induced secretion of IgE from human naive B cells
Authors: Avery Danielle T. , Ma Cindy S. , Bryant Vanessa L. , Santner-Nanan Brigitte , Nanan Ralph , Wong Melanie , Fulcher David A. , Cook Matthew C. , Tangye Stuart G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) is tightly regulated. This is evidenced by the fact that it comprises less than 0.0001% of serum Ig, and aberrant production causes atopic conditions, including allergy, rhinitis, and anaphylaxis. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a well-characterized inducer of IgE by human and murine B cells, whereas interferon-γ can antagonize this effect. IL-21 has also been recognized for its ability to suppress IL-4–induced IgE production by murine B cells. Here, we identified IL-21 as an inducer of IgE production by CD40L-stimulated human naive B cells. Furthermore, there was a striking synergy between IL-4 and IL-21 on inducing IgE secretion by CD40L-stimulated human B cells, such that the levels detected under these conditions exceeded those induced by IL-4 or IL-21 alone by more than 10-fold. IL-21 induced activation of STAT3 and analysis of B cells from patients with loss-of-function STAT3 mutations revealed that the ability of IL-21 to induce IgE secretion, and augment that driven by IL-4, was STAT3-dependent. These findings highlight a fundamental difference between the regulation of IgE production by human and murine B cells and have implications for the dysregulated production of IgE in conditions characterized by extremely high levels of serum IgE.
Retention of Plasmodium falciparum ring-infected erythrocytes in the slow, open microcirculation of the human spleen
Authors: Safeukui Innocent , Correas Jean-Michel , Brousse Valentine , Hirt Déborah , Deplaine Guillaume , Mulé Sébastien , Lesurtel Mickael , Goasguen Nicolas , Sauvanet Alain , Couvelard Anne , Kerneis Sophie , Khun Huot , Vigan-Womas Inès , Ottone Catherine , Molina Thierry Jo , Tréluyer Jean-Marc , Mercereau-Puijalon Odile , Milon Geneviève , David Peter H. , Buffet Pierre A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe current paradigm in Plasmodium falciparum malaria pathogenesis states that young, ring-infected erythrocytes (rings) circulate in peripheral blood and that mature stages are sequestered in the vasculature, avoiding clearance by the spleen. Through ex vivo perfusion of human spleens, we examined the interaction of this unique blood-filtering organ with P falciparum–infected erythrocytes. As predicted, mature stages were retained. However, more than 50% of rings were also retained and accumulated upstream from endothelial sinus wall slits of the open, slow red pulp microcirculation. Ten percent of rings were retained at each spleen passage, a rate matching the proportion of blood flowing through the slow circulatory compartment established in parallel using spleen contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in healthy volunteers. Rings displayed a mildly but significantly reduced elongation index, consistent with a retention process, due to their altered mechanical properties. This raises the new paradigm of a heterogeneous ring population, the less deformable subset being retained in the spleen, thereby reducing the parasite biomass that will sequester in vital organs, influencing the risk of severe complications, such as cerebral malaria or severe anemia. Cryptic ring retention uncovers a new role for the spleen in the control of parasite density, opening novel intervention opportunities.
Whole-body resting and exercise-induced lipolysis in sarcopaenic patients with COPD
Authors: Franssen F. M. E. , Sauerwein H. P. , Rutten E. P. A. , Wouters E. F. M. , Schols A. M. W. J. 
Published: June 2008

Impaired β-adrenoceptor-mediated lipolysis has been reported in sarcopaenic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. This could play a role in the shift in body composition towards decreased fat-free mass (FFM) and relative maintenance of fat mass (FM). Lipolysis could be affected by chronic treatment with β2-agonists or disease-related factors. Therefore, whole-body resting and exercise-induced lipolysis were investigated in sarcopaenic COPD patients with moderate disease severity.Seven sarcopaenic COPD patients (mean±semforced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 53±5% of the predicted value; body mass index (BMI) 27.5±0.9 kg·m−2) and seven controls matched for age, sex and BMI were studied. In addition, six underweight COPD patients (FEV151±5% pred; BMI 20.6±0.7 kg·m−2) matched for disease severity were recruited. Lipolysis and plasma levels of catecholamines were assessed during infusion of [2H5]glycerol at rest and during submaximal cycling exercise.The proportional FM was comparable between sarcopaenic patients and controls, whereas the FFM index was significantly reduced in patients. At rest, the rate of appearance (Ra) of glycerol (4.1±0.6 and 3.3±0.2 μmol·kg FFM−1·min−1, respectively) did not differ significantly. In underweight patients, glycerolRa(4.3±0.5 μmol·kg FFM−1·min−1) was also comparable. End-of-exercise lipolytic rates did not differ significantly between groups. GlycerolRawas not related to FM. Resting adrenalin levels were significantly increased in underweight COPD patients and were related to resting lipolysis.Sarcopaenia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with moderate disease severity is not characterised by an abnormal lipolytic rate. Altered regulation of muscle protein turnover seems to be the trigger in the body compositional shift observed in these patients.