bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Absorption Spectra of V3+ and Cr3+ in ScCl3 and InCl3
Authors: Pistor W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe optical spectra of Cr3+ in single crystals of ScCl3 and InCl3 have been investigated between 7000 and about 31000 cm−1. The observed crystal field splittings are explained in first approximation by a crystal potential of cubic symmetry. Further details in splitting of the quartet levels of Cr3+ and of the triplet levels of V3+ can be interpreted in both cases by a crystal potential of 3m(C3V) symmetry. The employed host lattices are of special interest, because the rare‐earth ions can occupy the same sites as the transition‐metal ions.
Saddle‐Point Configuration of the F‐Centre in NaCl‐Type Alkali Halides
Authors: Brown R. J. , Vail J. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEven and odd parity relaxed state energies for the saddle‐point F‐centre are evaluated, using gaussian‐localized, low‐order Legendre polynomial trial wave functions. A point‐ion model, with BSG ion‐size correction, is used, and lattice distortion (excluding ion polarization) is treated self‐consistently. A similar calculation is made for the ordinary F‐centre levels. Acceptable results are obtained for absorption, but not for emission. Agreement is obtained, within the rather large experimental error, with the activation energy for F‐centre step diffusion in KCl after correction of the ion‐ion repulsion at the saddle point. The results permit a critical assessment of the model.
Lattice Dynamics of RbI at 80 °K
Authors: Raunio G. , Rolandson S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPhonon dispersion relations in RbI have been obtained by inelastic scattering of thermal neutrons. Measurements were performed in the crystallographic symmetry directions Δ, Σ, A, and Z at 80 °K and some selected zone boundary phonons were also measured at 300 °K. A simplified version of the generalized shell model, involving a variable number of parameters was fitted to the experimental dispersion curves. From an eleven parameter model the frequency spectrum, the Debye temperature and other physical quantities have been calculated.
The search for low energy conformational families of small peptides: Searching for active conformations of small peptides in the absence of a known receptor
Authors: Lexa Katrina W. , Alser Katherine A. , Salisburg Amanda M. , Ellens Damien J. , Hernandez Lorena , Bono Sam J. , Michael Heather C. , Derby Jennifer R. , Skiba Jaime G. , Feldgus Steven , Kirschner Karl N. , Shields George C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Tamoxifen is the preferred drug for estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer treatment, yet many of these cancers are intrinsically resistant to tamoxifen or acquire resistance during treatment. Therefore, scientists are searching for breast cancer drugs that have different molecular targets. Previous work revealed that 8‐mer and cyclic 9‐mer peptides inhibit breast cancer in mouse and rat model systems, interacting with an unknown receptor, while peptides smaller than eight amino acids did not inhibit breast cancer. We have shown that the use of replica exchange molecular dynamics predicts structure and dynamics of active peptides, leading to the discovery of smaller peptides with full biological activity. These simulations identified smaller peptide analogs with a conserved turn, a β‐turn formed in the larger peptides. These analogs inhibit estrogen‐dependent cell growth in a mouse uterine growth assay, a test showing reliable correlation with human breast cancer inhibition. We outline the computational methods that were tried and used with the experimental information that led to the successful completion of this research. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Chemical composition of dusts from cottonseed oil mills
Authors: Brown David F. , Piccolo Biagio , Tripp Verne W. , Parnell Calvin B. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract and SummaryThe proximate chemical composition of total dust samples from five Texas cottonseed oil mills was determined. Dust compositions were highly variable and were affected more by the processing step than by differences among mills. Composition of cleaning room dusts reflected differences in soil minerals. Typical inorganic values were: silicon (12%), aluminum (0.5%), and iron (0.7%). Delintering dust was highest in cellulosic materials (40%), whereas the 23% protein composition of the hulling dust showed the influence of kernel fragments. Baling, dust contained large amounts of cellulose (38%) and noncellulosic organic constituents (36%).
Fatty acids of canola Brassica campestris var candle seed and oils at various stages of refining
Authors: Sebedio J‐ L. , Ackman R. G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFatty acids of oil of a current variety of canolaBrassica campestris var Candle, at 3 stages of commercial production and refining, were compared with authentic seed oils, and with the oil ofB. napus var Tower. The proportion ofcis‐ 9, cis‐ 12, trans‐ 15 andtrans‐ 9, cis‐12, cis‐lS‐octadecatrienoates relative to the all‐cis isomer was lower than that previously observed in processed oils. The minor C14, C15, C17 fatty acids previously documented for Tower were also found in the same proportions in the Candle oil. The proportion of 22:1ω7 isomer (1.1% of a total 1.2% 22:1) was intermediate to that of a high erucic variety (0.9% out of 23% 22:1) and the very low 22:1 Tower (2.3% out of 0.1% 22:1). Thus the proportion of ω7 isomers is governed by total 22:1 present.
Decoloration of vegetable oils and oleoresins with recovery of unaltered pigments
Authors: Mínguez‐Mosquera M. Isabel , Jarén‐Galán Manuel , Hornero‐Méndez Dámaso , Garrido‐Fernández Juan , Gallardo‐Guerrero M. Lourdes , Gandul‐Rojas Beatriz 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present study confirms that N,N‐dimethylformamide for the extraction of chloroplast pigments from vegetable tissues shows no differences from the usual acetone or methanol. Therefore, it can be applied to fats, as it allows separation of lipids and pigments by means of phase distribution between light petroleum ether and N,N‐dimethylformamide. The ether phase retains the decolored fatty matter, and the pigments dissolved in N,N‐dimethylformamide can be recovered totally unaltered.This method has been applied to oleoresins and oils from different products and origins. Satisfactory results have been obtained in terms of the degree of decoloration and the percentage of oil recovered. At the same time, the unaltered pigment concentrate obtained from the hypophase could be used as a color enhancer in the chemico‐pharmaceutical industry.
Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of peanut hulls from various cultivars
Authors: Yen Gow‐Chin , Duh Pin‐Der 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of peanut hulls (MEPH) from various cultivars (Spanish, Valencia, Runner, and Virginia) were investigated. The luteolin content in MEPH for Spanish, Valencia, Runner, and Virginia was 3.16, 2.47, 0.95, and 0.75 mg/g of hulls, and the total phenolic content was 10.2, 10.1, 6.6, and 4.2 mg/g of hulls, respectively. MEPH from various cultivars showed similar and strong antioxidant activity as a result of a high content of total phenolic compounds. Based on these results, the hulls of Spanish cultivar were selected as the best antioxidant material among the four cultivars because of the cultivar’s highest content in both luteolin and total phenolic compounds.
Pancreatic lipase hydrolysis of triglycerides by a semimicro technique
Authors: Luddy F. E. , Barford R. A. , Herb S. F. , Magidman P. , Riemenschneider R. W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractProcedures are described for rapid lipase hydrolysis of triglycerides, isolation of the hydrolytic products by TLC and their conversion to methyl esters and fatty acid analysis by GLC. The techniques are applicable to a few mg of triglycerides or fats. Examples of data obtained with purified triglycerides indicate that the specific action of pancreatic lipase for the 1,3 ester groups is nearly absolute and the technique may be used as a criterion of purity of di‐ and tri‐acid triglycerides. Ca. 83% of the palmitic but only 10~12% of stearic and C18 unsaturated acids of commercial lard occur in 2‐position.
Effect of amino acids on the autoxidation of safflower oil in emulsions
Authors: Riisom T. , Sims R. J. , Fioriti J. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOxygen absorption rates were measured on liquid emulsions containing safflower oil and various amino acids. The antioxidant effects of the several amino acids were quite variable depending on the type of emulsifier used, the pH of the system and the presence of added sugar. Preliminary tests with Maillard reaction products obtained by heating dextrose with lysine showed little stabilizing effect. In freeze‐dried emulsions, methionine, threonine, lysine and histidine all exhibited antioxidant activity. With sodium caseinate as the matrix, methionine was much better than any of the other amino acids. The inclusion of sugar enhanced the rate of oxidation. Porosity measurements on the freeze‐dried powders revealed that oxygen diffusion was not rate‐determining. When xanthan gum was used to replace caseinate in these dried emulsions, oxidation rates increased.
Use of aqueous HCI/MeOH as esterification reagent for analysis of fatty acids derived from soybean lipids
Authors: Jham G. N. , Teles F. F. F. , Campos L. G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA quick, reliable and very inexpensive method is described for the analysis of fatty acids derived from soybean lipids. The method involves extraction of soybean lipids with petroleum ether, followed by hydrolysis of lipids with KOH/MeOH (0.5 M) for 5 min at 100 C followed by esterification with aq. HC1 (36%)/MeOH (4:1, v/v) for 15 min at 100 C. No problems were encountered with the esterifica‐tion procedure in the presence of water and the procedure gave results comparable to die more conventional BF3/MeOH reagent. The aq. HCI/MeOH reagent is several hundred times cheaper than BF3/MeOH, and does not compromise the efficiency of the reagent.
Effect of DHA supplementation on DHA status and sperm motility in asthenozoospermic males
Authors: Conquer Julie A. , Martin James B. , Tummon Ian , Watson Lynn , Tekpetey Francis 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effects of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on DHA levels in serum, seminal plasma, and sperm of asthenozoospermic men as well as on sperm motility were examined in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled manner. Asthenozoospermic men (n=28; ≤50% motility) were supplemented with 0, 400, or 800 mg DHA/d for 3 mon. Sperm motility and the fatty acid composition of serum, seminal plasma, and sperm phospholipid were determined before and after supplementation. In serum, DHA supplementation resulted in decreases in 22∶4n−6 (−30% in the 800‐mg DHA group only) and total n−6 (−6 and −12% in the 400‐ and 800‐mg DHA groups, respectively) fatty acids. Increases were noted in DHA (71 and 131% in the 400‐ and 800‐mg DHA groups, respectively), total n−3 fatty acids (42 and 67% in the 400‐ and 800‐mg DHA groups, respectively), and the n−3/n−6 ratio (50 and 93% in the 400‐ and 800‐mg DHA groups, respectively). In seminal plasma, DHA supplementation resulted in a decrease in 22∶4n−6 (−31% in the 800‐mg DHA group only) and an increase in the ratio of n−3 to n−6 (35 and 33% in the 400‐ and 800‐mg DHA groups, respectively). There were insignificant increases in DHA and total n−3 fatty acids. In sperm, decreases were noted in 22∶4n−6 (−37 and −31% in the 400‐and 800‐mg DHA groups, respectively). There were no other changes. There was no effect of DHA supplementation on sperm motility. The results show that dietary DHA supplementation results in increased serum‐ and possibly seminal plasma—phospholipid DHA levels, without affecting the incorporation of DHA into the spermatozoa phospholipid in asthenozoospermic men. This inability of DHA to be incorporated into sperm phospholipid is most likely responsible for the observed lack of effect of DHA supplementation on sperm motility.
Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by organosulfur compounds derived from garlic
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Yeh Yu‐Yan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe study was undertaken to test the inhibitory potential on cholesterogenesis of organosulfur compounds derived from garlic. The primary rat hepatocytes maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium were treated with [2‐14C]‐acetate as substrate for cholesterol synthesis in the presence or absence of test compounds at 0.05 to 4.0 mmol/L. Eleven watersoluble and six lipid‐soluble compounds of garlic were tested. Among water‐soluble compounds,S‐allyl cysteine (SAC),S‐ethyl cysteine (SEC), andS‐propyl cysteine (SPC) inhibited [2‐14C]acetate incorporation into cholesterol in a concentration‐dependnet manner, achieving 42 to 55% maximal inhibition. γ‐Glutamyl‐S‐allyl cysteine, γ‐glutamyl‐S‐methyl cysteine, and γ‐glutamyl‐S‐propyl cysteine were less potent, exerting only 16 to 29% maximal inhibitions. Alliin,S‐allyl‐N‐acetyl cysteine,S‐allylsulfonyl alanine, andS‐methyl cysteine had no effect on cholesterol synthesis. Of the lipid‐soluble compounds, diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl trisulfide (DATS), and dipropyl disulfide (DPDS) depressed cholesterol synthesis by 10 to 25% at low concentrations (0.5 mmol/L), and abolished the synthesis at high concentrations (1.0 mmol/L). Diallyl sulfide, dipropyl sulfide, and methyl allyl sulfide slightly inhibited [2‐14C]acetate incorporation into cholesterol only at high concentrations. The complete depression of cholesterol synthesis by DADS, DATS, and DPDS was associated with cytotoxicity as indicated by marked increase in cellular LDH release. There was no apparent increase in LDH secretion by water‐soluble compounds exceptS‐allyl mercaptocysteine, which also abolished cholesterol synthesis. Judging from maximal inhibition and IC50 (concentration required for 50% of maximal inhibition), SAC, SEC, and SPC are equally potent in inhibiting cholesterol synthesis.
Synthesis of dodecanedioic acid fromvernonia galamensis oil
Authors: Ayorinde Folahan O. , Powers Fiona T. , Streete Ludwig D. , Shepard Robert L. , Tabi Dorothy N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDodecanedioic acid, currently available from elaborate synthesis utilizing petrochemical feedstock, was synthesized fromVernonia galamensis oil via an efficient, relatively simple three‐reaction sequence that involved the room temperature oxidation of 12,13‐epoxystearic acid. The first and second steps of the reaction scheme were saponification and hydrogenation, both of which were almost quantitative. The third reaction, involving chromic acid oxidation of the resulting epoxy acid, afforded greater than 50% of the theoretical yield of dodecanedioic acid (>95% purity, m.p. 123–125°C; lit. m.p. 128–130°C).
Storage policies and use of the Danish Newborn Screening Biobank
Authors: Nørgaard‐Pedersen B. , Hougaard D. M. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryAfter routine newborn screening, residual dried blood spot samples (DBSS) are stored at −20°C in the Danish Newborn Screening Biobank (NBS‐Biobank), which contains DBSS from virtually all newborns in Denmark since 1982—about 1.8 million samples. The purpose of the storage is: (1) diagnosis and treatment of congenital disorders including documentation, repeat testing, quality assurance, statistics and improvement of screening methods; (2) diagnostic use later in infancy after informed consent; (3) legal use after court order; (4) the possibility of research projects after approval by the Scientific Ethical Committee System in Denmark, The Danish Data Protection Agency and the NBS‐Biobank Steering Committee. The operation and use of the NBS‐Biobank has until recently been regulated by an executive order of 1993 from the Danish Ministry of Health. The Ethical Council, the Central Scientific Ethical Committee and the National Board of Health were also involved in the regulations. These regulations have now been replaced by detailed general operational guidelines for biobanks in Denmark according to Acts on Processing of Personal Data, Patient's Rights, Health 546/2005 and the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee System. No specific Act on biobanks per se has been made in Denmark, but the new regulations and guidelines make the operations of the Danish NBS‐Biobank even more clear‐cut and safe. The Danish NBS‐Biobank has been used in several research projects for aetiological studies of a number of disorders, recently employing new sensitive multiplex technologies and genetic analyses utilizing whole‐genome amplified DNA.
Neonatal screening of cystic fibrosis: diagnostic problems with CFTR mild mutations
Authors: Roussey M. , Le Bihannic A. , Scotet V. , Audrezet M. P. , Blayau M. , Dagorne M. , David V. , Deneuville E. , Giniès J. L. , Laurans M. , Moisan‐Petit V. , Rault G. , Vigneron P. , Férec C. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryNewborn screening (NBS) of cystic fibrosis (CF) was implemented throughout the whole of France in 2002, but it had been established earlier in three western French regions. It can reveal atypical CF with one or two known CFTR mild mutations, with an uncertain evolution. The sweat test can be normal or borderline. In Brittany, from 1989 to 2004, 196 CF cases were diagnosed (1/2885 births). The incidence of atypical CF diagnosed by NBS is 9.7% (19 from 196). The outcome of 17 (2 lost of view) has been studied, with 9 other atypical CF cases diagnosed by NBS in two other regions. The follow‐up period extends from 0.25 to 19.8 years (NBS implemented in Normandy in 1980) with mean age 4.6 years. The most frequent mild mutation is R117H ISV8−7T (50%). At the time of the last visit, nutritional status is normal. All these CF patients are pancreatic sufficient. Only one patient exhibits respiratory infections, whereas 7 others have them intermittently. Two of them had intermittent Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization at 2.8 and 6.5 years. Mean Shwachman score is 96.7, mean Brasfield score is 22.8. Eight children have had lung function tests (mean follow‐up of 10 years): mean FVC was 99% of predicted, mean FEV1 101%, but one of them has FEV1 of 48%. Predicting the phenotype of these atypical CF patients remains difficult, thus complicating any genetic counselling. A regular clinical evaluation is necessary, if possible by a CF unit, because CF symptoms may appear later.
Urinary phosphorus rather than urinary calcium possibly increases renal stone formation in a sample of Asian Indian, male stone-formers
Authors: Berkemeyer Shoma , Bhargava Anupam , Bhargava Usha 
Published: July 2007

The contribution of dietary Ca and P in renal stone formation is debated. Thus, the main objective was to investigate if there were any differences in the dietary, serum and urine values of Ca and P in stone formers (SF) compared with healthy controls (HC). The secondary aim was to analyse if dietary, serum and urine Ca and P correlated. The study enrolled ten patients with renal stones admitted for stone removal and ten healthy controls. Their dietary macronutrients, Ca and P intakes were calculated from 2-d dietary records. On the second day of dietary record 24-h urine was collected and on the third day morning a 5 ml blood sample was collected. Biochemical analyses were conducted for serum and urine Ca, P and uric acid with qualitative renal stone analysis. All the dietary intakes and urine P were significantly higher (P < 0·05) in SF than in HC. Correlation results showed that in SF dietary Ca correlated to serum and urine Ca. No such correlations were seen for P. Additionally, in SF urine Ca correlated to dietary proteins and fats but not to carbohydrates. None of the biochemical values lay outside the normal range of values. The study suggests urine P rather than urine Ca to be probably at work in the formation of renal stones. Limitation of protein intake with normal Ca intakes could provide a suitable measure to avoid renal stone formation.
The Anglican Church of Rwanda: domestic agendas and international linkages
Authors: Cantrell Phillip A. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe article analyses the relationship between the Anglican Church of Rwanda and evangelical Episcopalians in the United States. In 2000, the archbishop of Rwanda, Emmanuel Kolini, in a move that gained great support for Rwanda's post-genocide recovery, ordained several bishops to preside over congregations of orthodox, evangelical Americans who had severed their relationship with the Episcopalian Church of the United States over issues such as the blessing of same-sex marriages and the ordination of openly gay clergy. The result was the creation of the Anglican Mission in the Americas, a missionary province in the United States that acknowledges Kolini as its archbishop. Such actions have made Rwanda the currentcause célèbrenot only of AMIA but the wider evangelical community. While the relationship offers great support for Rwanda's recovery, the Anglican Church has presented to American evangelicals a misleading narrative of Rwanda's past and present political situation.
Innovative chemotherapeutical treatment options for alveolar and cystic echinococcosis
Authors: HEMPHILL A. , SPICHER M. , STADELMANN B. , MUELLER J. , NAGULESWARAN A. , GOTTSTEIN B. , WALKER M. 
Published: July 2007

SUMMARYEchinococcus granulosusandEchinococcus multilocularisare cestode parasites, of which the metacestode (larval) stages cause the diseases cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), respectively. Albendazole and mebendazole are presently used for chemotherapeutical treatment. However, these benzimidazoles do not appear to be parasiticidalin vivoagainst AE. In addition, failures in drug treatments as well as the occurrence of side-effects have been reported. New drugs are needed to cure AE and CE, which are considered to be neglected diseases. Strategies currently being implemented to identify novel chemotherapeutical treatment options include (i) conventional primaryin vitrotesting of broad-spectrum anti-infective drugs, either in parallel with, or followed by, animal experimentation; (ii) studies of drugs which interfere with the proliferation of cancer cells and ofEchinococcusmetacestodes; (iii) exploitation of the similarities between the parasite and mammalian signalling machineries, with a special focus on targeting specific signalling receptors; (iv)in silicoapproaches, employing the currentEchinococcusgenomic database information to search for suitable targets for compounds with known modes of action. In the present article, we review the efforts toward obtaining better anti-parasitic compounds which have been undertaken to improve chemotherapeutical treatment of echinococcosis, and summarize the achievements in the field of host-parasite interactions which may also lead to new immuno-therapeutical options.
Classification of singular solutions of porous media equations with absorption
Authors: Chen Xinfu , Qi Yuanwei , Wang Mingxin 
Published: July 2007

We consider, for m ∈ (0, 1) and q > 1, the porous media equation with absorption

We are interested in those solutions, which we call singular solutions, that are non-negative, non-trivial, continuous in Rn × [0, ∞)\{(0, 0)}, and satisfy u(x, 0) = 0 for all x ≠ 0. We prove the following results. When q ≥ m + 2/n, there does not exist any such singular solution. When q < m + 2/n, there exists, for every c > 0, a unique singular solution u = u(c), called the fundamental solution with initial mass c, which satisfies ∫Rnu(·, t) → c as t ↘ 0. Also, there exists a unique singular solution u = u∞, called the very singular solution, which satisfies ∫Rnu∞(·, t) → ∞ as t ↘ 0.In addition, any singular solution is either u∞ or u(c) for some finite positive c, u(c1) < u(c2) when c1 < c2, and u(c) ↗ u∞ as c ↗ ∞.Furthermore, u∞ is self-similar in the sense that u∞(x, t) = t−αw(|x| t−αβ) for α = 1/(q − 1), β = ½(q − m), and some smooth function w defined on [0, ∞), so that

is a finite positive constant independent of t > 0.