bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot‐plant manufacture of peanut protein
Authors: Arthur Jett C. , Crovetto A. J. , Molaison L. J. , Guilbeau W. F. , Altschul A. M. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryPilot‐plant production of peanut protein from solvent‐extracted meal was investigated with respect to the effect of temperature of extract liquor during precipitation and the rate of addition of sulfur dioxide on the settling rate of the precipitated protein. As the rate of addition of sulfur dioxide was increased, and the temperature of the extract liquor was decreased the density and the settling rate of the protein curd increased. Spray washing of the extracted meal was more efficient than the previously reported dilution method of washing and resulted in a greater yield of protein.
The identification of the fatty acids of the fat from a North American black bear
Authors: Sell Harold M. , Taylor Betty M. , Miller Elroy J. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryA study has been made of the identification of the fatty acids of the fat from a North American black bear. The methyl esters of the fatty acids from the fat were prepared and fractionated through a Stedman Column. Myristie, palmitic, stearic, oleic, palmitoleic, and linoleic acids were identified by the melting points of the p‐bromophenacyl ester of the saturated acids and the hydroxy and bromine addition compounds of the unsaturated acids.
Semi‐micro analysis of soap. I. Semi‐micro determination of the usual constituents
Authors: Blank E. W. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryA procedure for the complete semi‐micro analysis of soap has been developed. Semi‐micro methods are valuable in research work and in legal cases where limited quantities of sample are available. In general, the analytical results obtained on a semi‐micro basis and on a macro basis are comparable. Very little special apparatus is required for the semi‐micro analysis of a soap, and most of the procedures employed present analogies with the usual methods of soap analysis.
Isomerization of drying and semi‐drying oils: The use of anthraquinone as a conjugation catalyst
Authors: Falkenburg L. B. , DeJong WM. , Handke D. P. , Radlove S. B. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryAnthraquinone and its derivatives have been found to be effective catalysts for the isomerization of drying and semi‐drying oils to conjugated forms. A possible mechanism to account for the catalytic activity of these materials has been proposed. Possible commerical application of the isomerization of oils with anthraquinone was briefly discussed.
Bromination of methyl esters of soybean fat acids and methyl linoleate with N‐bromosuccinimide
Authors: Teeter Howard M. 
Published: March 2007

Summary

The reaction of N‐bromosuccinimide with methyl esters of soybean fat acids and with methyl linoleate has been investigated, and the influence of changes in the conditions of reaction has been studied.

The reaction of brominated methyl esters of soybean fat acids with sodium methoxide produced both methoxylated products and a dimer‐like substance.

The reaction of brominated methyl esters of soybean fat acids with sodium cyanide and cuprous cyanide did not result in significant replacement of bromine with the cyano group.
Autoxidation of fats. II. Preparation and oxidation of methyl oleate‐maleic anhydride adduct
Authors: Bickford W. G. , Fisher G. S. , Kyame Lillian , Swift C. E. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe adduct of maleic anhydride and methyl oleate has been prepared and characterized. The physical and chemical properties of the adduct indicate that it is composed of one mole of each of the reactants and that the double bond of methyl oleate has not been saturated. Oxidative fission of the adduct showed that the adduct consisted of a mixture of four isomers which yielded octanoic, nonanoic, suberic, and azelaic acids on ozonolysis. Isolation of these four acids from the fission products indicates that the addition reaction probably proceeds by a mechanism analogous to that proposed by Farmer, Koch, and Sutton for autoxidation. In view of the similarity between the reactions of maleic anhydride and oxygen with unsaturated compounds, the foregoing observations appear to support the free radical chain mechanism for the autoxidation of fats.
Using system differences to orchestrate change: a systems‐guides intervention model
Authors: O'Connor Patricia A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSuccessful community‐based interventions require that change agents give attention to the complexities of interwoven systems, described in the literature as complicated or complex, purposeful or purposive. The author further notes the separate standards, norms, principles and/or goals (here‐named systems‐guides) of systems. This paper describes the author's experience as a consultant to a multi‐system collaboration where observed tensions among participants resulted in the author's implementation of a three‐step systems‐guides model, which can increase change agents' effectiveness with systems. The steps comprise: detection (of systems, systems‐guides, and discrepancies between them; here through observation); documentation (of discrepancies; here through small group discussions); dissemination (to systems participants; here to the collaboration). Two small but fundamental systems changes emerged from systems participants, not from the change agent/author who facilitated systems members' recognition of discrepancies. A major limitation in the implementation of this systems‐guides model centers on the critical necessity of the close relationship change agents must have with the involved systems.
Influence of iodine on nutritional, metabolic and immunological response of goats fed Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal diet
Authors: PATTANAIK A. K. , KHAN S. A. , GOSWAMI T. K. 
Published: March 2007

SUMMARYFifteen indigenous nondescript kids (8·2 kg; 8 months initial age), randomly allotted into three equal groups, were used to study the effects of supplementation of extra iodine on their performance when fed a leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) leaf meal containing diet. Group I (CON) was fed a control concentrate supplement consisting of a conventional protein source whereas the other two groups (LL and LLI) were fed a concentrate containing leucaena leaf meal so as to supply 0·5 of the net crude protein (CP) requirements. Additionally, animals in group LLI were given supplemental iodine (as potassium iodide solution) at 0·25 mg/head/day. Wheat straw was provided ad libitum as the sole source of roughage during the 120 days of the experimental period. A metabolism trial, conducted at the end of the feeding trial, revealed no variation in the dry matter intake (DMI) among the groups. A significant (P<0·01) decline was evident in digestibility of CP in both the leucaena-fed groups (0·463 and 0·482 versus 0·586) whilst that of the other organic components remained unaffected. Animals on the LL diet exhibited lower (P<0·01) nitrogen retention and average daily gain (ADG) in live weight (LW). Blood collected periodically was analysed for the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) as well as other biochemical parameters. At the end of the experimental feeding, the cell-mediated immune (CMI) response of the goats was assessed by intra-dermal inoculation of phytohaemagglutinin-P and measuring the change in skin thickness at various post-inoculation hours. The results revealed that the serum concentration of glucose was significantly (P<0·05) higher in the LLI group of animals fed leucaena with iodine. The concentration of cholesterol in serum of LL animals increased significantly (P<0·05) compared to the CON and LLI groups. No variation due to dietary interventions was evident in other indices of metabolic profile. While the concentration of circulating T3 remained unaffected due to dietary intervention, that of T4 reduced significantly (P<0·05) in the LL group. Moreover, the T4 concentration in the LLI group remained similar to that of control indicative of positive impact of iodine supplementation. The immune response revealed that the skin thickness of animals in the LL group was lower (P<0·05) as compared to the control, indicating a compromise of CMI response due to feeding of leucaena leaf meal. Supplementation of iodine appeared to be partially effective in potentiating the response. In conclusion, iodine supplementation could be adopted as a strategic management strategy to ameliorate the negative impacts of feeding leucaena leaf meal in growing kids.
Arias‐Stella reaction in an adenomyomatous polyp of the uterus
Authors: SATO HIROKAZU , NANJO HIROSHI , TANAKA HIDENORI , TANAKA TOSHINOBU 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe a rare case of an Arias‐Stella reaction in an adenomyomatous polyp of the endometrium found in the first trimester of pregnancy. A 33‐year‐old Japanese woman, gravida 1, para 1, presented for an initial prenatal examination at 6‐week gestation; ultrasound revealed a myoma‐like solid mass in the cervical canal. An abnormal Papanicolaou's smear (highly suspicious of adenocarcinoma) prompted the resection of this pedunculated polyp. Histologically, the musculature located in the center of the polyp was covered by the endometrium; numerous glands within both the endometrium and the musculature exhibited an Arias‐Stella reaction. This explains the result of Papanicolaou's smear, because subsequent smears — both intrapartum and postpartum — were negative. To our knowledge, this is the first reported incident of an Arias‐Stella reaction in an adenomyomatous polyp. This could be one of the diagnostic pitfalls in Papanicolaou's smears taken during pregnancy.
Maternal mid‐arm circumference and other anthropometric measures of adiposity in relation to infant birth size among Zimbabwean women
Authors: OGBONNA CHINYERE , WOELK GODFREY B. , NING YI , MUDZAMIRI SARAH , MAHOMED KASSAM , WILLIAMS MICHELLE A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground.To examine relationships between maternal anthropometric measures in Zimbabwean women and indices of infant birth size.Methods.We conducted a cross‐sectional study of pregnant women admitted for labor and delivery at the Harare Maternity Hospital from July 1998 to March 1999. The study population was comprised of 498 participants who delivered singleton infants. Anthropometric measures (height, weight, and mid‐arm circumference) were taken during participants’ postpartum hospital stay. Logistic regression and least‐squares regression procedures were used to assess the association of maternal measures with infant size.Results.Women in the highest weight quartile (>67 kg) were 58% less likely to have a low‐birth‐weight infant when compared to women in the lowest quartile (<57 kg) (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.19–0.90). Women in the highest body mass index quartile were 75% less likely to have a low‐birth‐weight infant compared to women in the lowest quartile (>27 versus <23 kg/m2: OR = 0.25, 95%CI 0.10–0.60). Similar trends were seen for risk of low birth weight in relation to mid‐arm circumference. Maternal mid‐arm circumference was most strongly related with the four infant size indices measured. Each unit increase in maternal mid‐arm circumference resulted in a 36.1‐g increase in infant birth weight (p<0.001). In general, women who were heavier at the time of delivery were less likely to have a low‐birth‐weight infant than women who were lighter.Conclusions.In areas where food security is a public health concern, as it is in most parts of the developing world, pregnant women may not be meeting their own nutritional needs and those of their fetus.
Pregnancy outcome and recurrence after conservative laparoscopic surgery for borderline ovarian tumors
Authors: TINELLI F.G. , TINELLI RAFFAELE , LA GROTTA F. , TINELLI A. , CICINELLI E. , SCHÖNAUER M.M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of conservative laparoscopic management of borderline ovarian tumors, and to assess pregnancy outcome and recurrence after fertility‐sparing surgery. Methods. From 1995 to 2005, 43 patients of reproductive age presented with adnexal mass, which was subsequently diagnosed as a borderline tumor of the ovary. These patients were treated by conservative laparoscopic surgery, with intraoperative staging of the disease. Patients were evaluated every 3 months for the first 2 years, and then every 6 months thereafter, to determine the best modality for following patients after conservative surgery. Results. Three (7%) patients developed a recurrence after conservative treatment. Among the 43 patients who had conservative surgery, 21 (49%) became pregnant during the follow‐up period; 12 (57%) conceived spontaneously, and the remaining 9 (43%) patients underwent caesarean section. Conclusions. In our opinion, conservative laparoscopic treatment of borderline ovarian tumors is an appropriate and reasonable therapeutic option for young women with low‐stage disease who wish to preserve their childbearing potential, because the fertility results are encouraging. Recurrence can be noted after this type of treatment, but the cases of recurrent disease can be detected with close follow‐up and treated accordingly. Careful selection of candidates for this kind of treatment is, of course, necessary, and close follow‐up is required.
Perceptions and attitudes of pregnant women towards caesarean section in urban Nigeria
Authors: AZIKEN MICHAEL , OMO‐AGHOJA LAWRENCE , OKONOFUA FRIDAY 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives. To determine the perceptions and attitudes towards caesarean section [CS] among women attending maternity care at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Methods. Some 413 consecutive women, attending antenatal care in the hospital, were interviewed with a structured questionnaire that solicited information on their socio‐demographic characteristics, their previous pregnancy and delivery history, and their knowledge and attitudes towards CS. Additional focus group discussions and in‐depth interviews were held with women who recently underwent CS in the hospital, to gain further insights into attitudes and perception about CS in the women. Results. The women had good knowledge of CS; however, only 6.1% were willing to accept CS as a method of delivery, while 81% would accept CS if needed to save their lives and that of their babies. Up to 12.1% of women would not accept CS under any circumstances. Logistic regression showed that women's low level of education, and past successful vaginal and instrumental deliveries, were most likely to be associated with women's non‐acceptance of indicated caesarean section. Further analysis showed that this was mainly due to inaccurate cultural perceptions of labour and caesarean section in the cohort of women. Conclusion. There is a need for programs to increase women's and community understanding and perceptions of CS as a method of delivery in Nigeria.
Primary hyperparathyroidism is common in postmenopausal women with forearm fracture and low bone mineral density
Authors: BERGSTRÖM INGRID , LANDGREN BRITT‐MARIE , FREYSCHUSS BO 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective. The most common etiologies of osteoporosis in women are estrogen deficiency and, later on in life, the functional changes caused by aging. There are, however, numerous causes of secondary bone loss. Little is known about the prevalence of concomitant disease in women with distal forearm fracture, which is the most common of the classical osteoporotic fractures. Method. Postmenopausal healthy women between 45 and 65 years of age with a forearm fracture were invited to join a prospective randomized study evaluating the effect of physical training on bone mineral density. The main inclusion criteria were previous forearm fracture and BMD T‐score in the interval −1 to −3.0. Of the 167 postmenopausal women with a forearm fracture, 23% had a normal BMD, 59% had osteopenia, and 18% had osteoporosis. Results. Of the 119 patients meeting the BMD criteria for inclusion, one patient was found to have sprue, two were diagnosed with thyreotoxicos, and eight had primary hyperparathyroidism. The prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism in this population was 6.7%, and thus three times higher than that previously observed in healthy Swedish postmenopausal women. Conclusion. The data suggest an increased prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism in women with forearm fracture and low bone mass, and imply the importance of basic laboratory screening in this population.
Severe life events and impaired fetal growth: a nation‐wide study with complete follow‐up
Authors: HANSEN PRECHT DORTHE , KRAGH ANDERSEN PER , OLSEN JØRN 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground. To estimate the association between severe maternal life events and infants small for gestational age at different gestational ages at birth. Methods. From 1980 to 1992 all women exposed to severe life events such as death or first hospitalization for cancer or acute myocardial infarction in partners or children during pregnancy or up to 485 days before were identified through national registers. We included all 3,402 exposed pregnancies and 19,551 unexposed pregnancies randomly selected to the control cohort and performed adjusted stratified Cox proportional hazards regression analyses with time‐dependent covariates. Results. These life events were not associated with SGA in general, but exposed infants born before 32 weeks of gestation had twice the risk for being born with a birth weight ≤10% for the gestational age, (adjusted hazard rate ratio 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.26; 3.17)). Infants, whose mother had lost a child had the highest risk (adjusted hazard rate ratio 2.73, 95% CI (1.67; 4.48)). Infants whose mother had been exposed to severe life events during the year before pregnancy but not during the pregnancy had increased risks of being born as small for gestational age preterms. Conclusion. Severe life events are not in general associated with being SGA, but may be associated with SGA in preterms born before 32 weeks of gestation. Our study indicates that stress‐induced SGA may have its origin in the earliest weeks of gestation and only affects the more preterm infants.
Prognostic markers of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: the role of p16INK4a and high‐risk human papillomavirus
Authors: ELEUTÉRIO JOSÉ , GIRALDO PAULO CÉSAR , GONÇALVES ANA KATHERINE , CAVALCANTE DIANE ISABELLE MAGNO , DE ALMEIDA FERREIRA FRANCISCO VALDECI , MESQUITA SUZANA MOREIRA , MORAIS SIRLEI SIANI 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground. p16INK4a seems to be an indicator of the grade of Human Papillomavirus‐induced lesions and a possible predictor of the lesion evolution. There are few studies about the role of HPV test and p16INK4a in diagnosis of high‐grade cervical lesions in South‐American women. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of p16INK4a and high‐risk HPV‐DNA expression in cases diagnosed as squamous intra‐epithelial lesion and evaluate their role in the approach of high‐grade squamous intra‐epithelial lesion. Methods. p16INK4a and high‐risk Human papillomavirus were investigated in 96 samples of the cervix (13 cases of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 26 cases of low grade intraepithelial lesions and 57 normal tissues). The p16INK4a was identified by immunohistochemistry using the p16INK4a kit (E6H4 clone, DakoCytomation, Carpinteria, CA) and Human papillomavirus DNA was classified by hybrid capture (Digene®). Associations were evaluated by the KAPPA index. Results. The p16INK4a was detected in 92.3% of the high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, in 15.4% of the low‐grade and in none of the normal tissues. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for high‐grade lesion were 92.3%, 100%, 100%, and 98.3%, respectively when considering p16INK4a expression, and 100%, 70.2%, 43.3% and 100%, respectively when considering high‐risk HPV. Conclusions. p16INK4a test was better associated with high‐grade intraepithelial lesion (κ = 0.95) than was the presence of high‐risk HPV (κ = 0.47). Both tests could be complementary to high‐grade squamous intra‐epithelial lesion screening and help to define the diagnosis of the inconclusive low‐grade/high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cases.
Early random capillary glucose level screening and multidisciplinary antenatal teamwork to improve outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: BERG MARIE , ADLERBERTH ANNIKA , SULTAN BO , WENNERGREN MARGARETA , WALLIN GUNNAR 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground. This study describes maternal and neonatal characteristics and delivery outcome in women with gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM], compared to a control group. Methods. A retrospective observational study of 719 women with GDM was undertaken in a Swedish urban district. All other parturients at the same hospital served as the control group. GDM was diagnosed using random capillary glucose levels at fixed intervals, beginning early in pregnancy. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at glucose levels ≥7.0 mmol/l (127.8 mg/dl). Data was analysed according to glucose levels at diagnosis, ie, mild or severe GDM. Results. GDM was diagnosed in 2.28% of the women who were older and had higher Body Mass Index [BMI]. A high proportion was of non‐Nordic origin (44.5%); they had severe GDM more often (49.1%) than the Nordic group (33.1%). The GDM‐mild group had less complications and abnormalities, compared to the GDM‐severe group, although both groups differed from the control group in this respect. Delivery was spontaneous in 70.2% of GDM‐mild, 65.7% of GDM‐severe and 81.0% of the control group. LGA (+2 SD) was found in 4.8, 10.5 and 3.2%, respectively. Conclusion. Early non‐fasting random universal screening and multidisciplinary antenatal teamwork intervention seems to be favourable, with low rates of excessive fetal growth, instrumental vaginal delivery and caesarean section.
Attitudes among sperm donors in 1992 and 2002: a Danish questionnaire survey
Authors: ERNST ERIK , JAKOB INGERSLEV HANS , SCHOU OLE , STOLTENBERG MEREDIN 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground. Sweden prohibited anonymous sperm donation in 1985 and Norway in 2005. In recent years the question of continued use of sperm from anonymous sperm donors for insemination in couples and the question of insemination of single and lesbian women have been vividly debated in Denmark. This survey examines the sperm donors’ attitude towards these questions and describes any changes in attitude between 1992 and 2002. The objective is to investigate the likely consequences of abolishing anonymous sperm donation in Denmark. Methods. A questionnaire survey carried out among donors at a private Danish sperm bank, Cryos‐International Sperm Bank Ltd. Over a period of 9 weeks in 2002 an anonymous questionnaire was handed out to all donors who were in contact with the sperm bank. The results were compared to a questionnaire survey carried out in 1992 at the same sperm bank. Results. In 2002, 25% (19% approved; 35% non‐approved) of the donors stated that they would continue as donors if anonymity was abolished, whereas in 1992 the number was 32%. But when donors were asked whether they would accept that the children could contact them, only 22% agreed in 1992 and 13% (15% approved; 10% non‐approved) in 2002. Altruistic as well as financial motives were the main factors for becoming a donor in both 1992 and 2002. Approximately 50% would accept sperm donation to lesbians in both surveys. In 2002 approximately one third was positive towards donation to single women. Conclusion. Maintaining anonymity is still important for the vast majority of the donors.