bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FeNi alloys electroplated into porous (n‐type) silicon
Authors: Ouir S. , Sam S. , Fortas G. , Gabouze N. , Beldjilali K. , Tighilt F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe report here a study on the electrodeposition of FeNi alloys into porous silicon (PS) made in n‐type Si substrate. The electrodeposited thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the morphology, composition and structure of the deposited FeNi alloys are strongly dependent on the deposition conditions. A tubular structure of the FeNi alloys can be obtained with a chemical composition of (80%) Ni (20%) Fe. Finally, SEM characterization shows that a good filling of pores with FeNi alloy is achieved. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanowire manipulation on surfaces through electrostatic self‐assembly and magnetic interactions
Authors: Bellino Martín G. , Calvo Ernesto J. , Gordillo Gabriel J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA method for fabricating aligned nanowire arrays on surfaces is shown. Gold and segmented Au/Ni/Au nanowires of high aspect ratio have been prepared by template electrosynthesis, and functionalized with charged short alkanethiols that can be ionized in aqueous solutions. Different distributions of funtionalized nanowires could be obtained on large surfaces from nanowire aqueous suspensions, avoiding aggregation due to electrical repulsion. Due to the high magnetic anisotropy of segmented Au/Ni/Au nanowires chaining of aligned nanowires could be obtained by applying a low magnetic field. While electrostatics favours side wire interactions due to the high aspect ratio, concurrent electrostatics and applied magnetic field yields end‐to‐end interaction and linear alignment without bifunctionalization. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antinociceptive peripheral effect ofAchillea millefoliumL. andArtemisia vulgarisL.: both plants known popularly by brand names of analgesic drugs
Authors: Pires Júlia Movilla , Mendes Fúlvio R. , Negri Giuseppina , Duarte‐Almeida Joaquim M. , Carlini Elisaldo A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe hydroalcohol extracts ofAchillea millefoliumL. (AM) andArtemisia vulgarisL. (AV), both belonging to the Asteraceae family, were evaluated by the hot plate, writhing, formalin and intestinal transit tests in an attempt to confirm their folk use as analgesic, antiinflammatory and antispasmodic agents. AM 500 and 1000 mg/kg significantly inhibited abdominal contortions by 65% and 23%, respectively, whereas AV 500 and 1000 mg/kg inhibited them by 48% and 59%, respectively. None of the extracts produced differences in the intestinal transit in mice, nor in the response time in the hot plate or in the immediate or late responses in the formalin test. In HPLC/DAD analyses ‘fingerprint’, monitored at 360 and 270 nm, both hydroalcohol extracts showed the same flavonoid glycoside as a principal constituent, which was identified as rutin. A high content of caffeic acid derivatives were also found in both extracts. The main differences were observed at 240 nm: AM had a higher content of rutin, while in AV the hydroxybenzoic acid derivative was the major component. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiobesity effect of ginsenoside Rg3 involves the AMPK and PPAR‐γ signal pathways
Authors: Hwang Jin‐Taek , Lee Myoung‐Su , Kim Hyun‐Jin , Sung Mi‐Jeong , Kim Hye Young , Kim Myung Sunny , Kwon Dae Young 
Published: October 2008

AbstractGinsenosides, the active component of ginseng, exerts antidiabetic and anticancer effects. This study investigated the molecular basis of ginsenoside Rg3, a red ginseng rich constituent, focusing on its ability to inhibit adipocyte differentiation in 3T3‐L1 cells. The data show that ginsenoside Rg3 was effective in the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. This inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on adipocyte differentiation was accompanied by PPAR‐γ inhibition in rosiglitazone‐treated cells. The study also tested whether AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation was involved in the inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rg3. AMPK plays a role in maintaining health in the context of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. AMPK was reported to control nutritional and hormonal signal modulating. Rg3 significantly and time‐dependently activated AMPK. Taken together, these results suggest that the antiobesity effect of red ginseng rich constituent, ginsenoside Rg3, involves the AMPK signaling pathway and PPAR‐γ inhibition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mori Koichiro , Inatomi Satoshi , Ouchi Kenzi , Azumi Yoshihito , Tuchida Takashi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled trial was performed on 50‐ to 80‐year‐old Japanese men and women diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment in order to examine the efficacy of oral administration of Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus), an edible mushroom, for improving cognitive impairment, using a cognitive function scale based on the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS‐R). After 2 weeks of preliminary examination, 30 subjects were randomized into two 15‐person groups, one of which was given Yamabushitake and the other given a placebo. The subjects of the Yamabushitake group took four 250 mg tablets containing 96% of Yamabushitake dry powder three times a day for 16 weeks. After termination of the intake, the subjects were observed for the next 4 weeks. At weeks 8, 12 and 16 of the trial, the Yamabushitake group showed significantly increased scores on the cognitive function scale compared with the placebo group. The Yamabushitake group's scores increased with the duration of intake, but at week 4 after the termination of the 16 weeks intake, the scores decreased significantly. Laboratory tests showed no adverse effect of Yamabushitake. The results obtained in this study suggest that Yamabushitake is effective in improving mild cognitive impairment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Mixtures Part 1: Prediction of Infinite‐Dilution Activity Coefficients Using Neural Network‐Based QSPR Models
Authors: Ajmani Subhash , Rogers Stephen C. , Barley Mark H. , Burgess Andrew N. , Livingstone David J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe major problem in building QSAR/QSPR models for mixtures lies in their characterization. It has been shown that it is possible to construct QSPR models for the density of binary liquid mixtures using simple mole fraction weighted physicochemical descriptors. Such parameters are unsatisfactory; however, from the point of view of interpretation of the resultant models. In this paper, an alternative mechanism‐based approach to the characterization of mixtures has been investigated. It has been shown that while it is not possible to build significant linear models using these descriptors, it has been possible to construct satisfactory artificial neural network models. The performance of these models and the importance of the individual descriptors are discussed.
Identification of Novel CDK2 Inhibitors by QSAR and Virtual Screening Procedures
Authors: Babu Padavala Ajay , Smiles Dondapati Jesse , Narasu Mangamoori Laxmi , Srinivas Kolli 
Published: October 2008

AbstractQuantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies were carried out on a set of 46 imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines, imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazines and 2,4‐bis anilino pyrimidines, and nitroso‐6‐aminopyrimidine and 2,6‐diaminopyrimidine inhibitors of CDK2 (Cyclin‐dependent Kinase2) using a multiple regression procedure. The activity contributions of these compounds were determined from regression equation and the validation procedures such as external set cross‐validation r2, (R2cv,ext) and the regression of observed activities against predicted activities and vice versa for validation set were described to analyze the predictive ability of the QSAR model. An accurate and reliable QSAR model involving five descriptors was chosen based on the FIT Kubinyi function which defines the statistical quality of the model. The proposed model due to its high predictive ability was utilized to screen similar repertoire of compounds reported in the literature, and the biological activities are estimated. The screening study clearly demonstrated that the strategy presented shall be used as an alternative to the time‐consuming experiments as the model tolerated a variety of structural modifications signifying its potential for drug design studies.
Surface modification of polyester by oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐plasma treatment
Authors: Vesel Alenka , Junkar Ita , Cvelbar Uros , Kovac Janez , Mozetic Miran 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we present a study on the surface modification of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) polymer by plasma treatment. The samples were treated by nitrogen and oxygen plasma for different time periods between 3 and 90 s. The plasma was created by a radio frequency (RF) generator. The gas pressure was fixed at 75 Pa and the discharge power was set to 200 W. The samples were treated in the glow region, where the electrons temperature was about 4 eV, the positive ions density was about 2 × 1015 m−3, and the neutral atom density was about 4 × 1021 m−3 for oxygen and 1 × 1021 m−3 for nitrogen. The changes in surface morphology were observed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface wettability was determined by water contact angle measurements while the chemical composition of the surface was analyzed using XPS. The stability of functional groups on the polymer surface treated with plasma was monitored by XPS and wettability measurements in different time intervals. The oxygen‐plasma‐treated samples showed much more pronounced changes in the surface topography compared to those treated by nitrogen plasma. The contact angle of a water drop decreased from 75° for the untreated sample to 20° for oxygen and 25° for nitrogen‐plasma‐treated samples for 3 s. It kept decreasing with treatment time for both plasmas and reached about 10° for nitrogen plasma after 1 min of plasma treatment. For oxygen plasma, however, the contact angle kept decreasing even after a minute of plasma treatment and eventually fell below a few degrees. We found that the water contact angle increased linearly with the O/C ratio or N/C ratio in the case of oxygen or nitrogen plasma, respectively. Ageing effects of the plasma‐treated surface were more pronounced in the first 3 days; however, the surface hydrophilicity was rather stable later. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Newly developed high spatial resolution X‐ray microscope equipped with carbon nanotube field emission cathode
Authors: Yabushita Ryosuke , Hata Koichi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn X‐ray microscope equipped with a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) cathode was developed. This system has ordinary scanning electron microscopy functions available for the precise adjustment of focusing conditions including astigmatism and an alignment of an electron beam. Owing to the adoption of a transmission type, X‐ray images with high magnification can be easily obtained. The diameter of an electron probe, which is one of the factors limiting a spatial resolution of X‐ray microscopes, was estimated to be ca 50 nm from a resolution of obtained SEM images. X‐ray images were taken as a demonstration of the X‐ray microscope and clear images with a resolution higher than 700 nm were successfully obtained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructured black cobalt coatings for solar absorbers
Authors: Abdel Hamid Z. , Abdel Aal A. , Schmuki P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNanocrystalline black cobalt electrically deposited onto a steel substrate from aqueous solution was investigated. The influence of electrolyte composition and operating parameters on the appearance and optical properties of the coat was studied. The deposition conditions that ensure the highest solar absorptance were optimized. The chemical composition of fabricated thin films before and after annealing at 400 °C was determined by energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDS) and XPS technique. The crystal structure analysis showed that the bulk composition of the films was mainly cobalt oxide. The surface analysis reveals that the topmost surface layers of the films are made of different cobalt compounds confirming the multivalence state of Co on the surface with an oxidation state of ≥ + 2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation indicated that the surface morphology was changed from dendritic structure to lamellar at higher current density. The black cobalt film showed soft magnetic characteristicsand excellent optical properties to transform solar energy into thermal energy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Bio‐Inspired Route to Metal‐Nanoparticle‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Debecker Damien P. , Faure Chrystel , Meyre Marie‐Edith , Derré Alain , Gaigneaux Eric M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOnion‐type multilamellar vesicles are made of concentric bilayers of organic surfactant and are mainly known for their potential applications in biotechnology. They can be used as microreactors for the spontaneous and controlled production of metal nanoparticles. This process does not require any thermal treatment and, hence, it is also attractive for material sciences such as heterogeneous catalysis. In this paper, silver‐nanoparticle‐based catalysts are prepared by transferring onion‐grown silver nanoparticles onto inorganic supports. The resulting materials are active in the total oxidation of benzene, attesting that this novel bio‐inspired concept is promising in inorganic catalysis.
Nanostructured Surfaces and Assemblies as SERS Media
Authors: Ko Hyunhyub , Singamaneni Srikanth , Tsukruk Vladimir V. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMetallic nanostructures attract much interest as an efficient media for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Significant progress has been made on the synthesis of metal nanoparticles with various shapes, composition, and controlled plasmonic properties, all critical for an efficient SERS response. For practical applications, efficient strategies of assembling metal nanoparticles into organized nanostructures are paramount for the fabrication of reproducible, stable, and highly active SERS substrates. Recent progress in the synthesis of novel plasmonic nanoparticles, fabrication of highly ordered one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional SERS substrates, and some applications of corresponding SERS effects are discussed.magnified image
Rod‐Shaped Nanocrystals Elicit Neuronal Activity In Vivo
Authors: Malvindi Maria Ada , Carbone Luigi , Quarta Alessandra , Tino Angela , Manna Liberato , Pellegrino Teresa , Tortiglione Claudia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe development of novel nanomaterials has raised great interest in efforts to evaluate their effect on biological systems, ranging from single cells to whole animals. In particular, there exists an open question regarding whether nanoparticles per se can elicit biological responses, which could interfere with the phenomena they are intended to measure. Here it is reported that challenging the small cnidaria Hydra vulgaris in vivo with rod‐shaped semiconductor nanoparticles, also known as quantum rods (QRs), results in an unexpected tentacle‐writhing behavior, which is Ca2+ dependent and relies on the presence of tentacle neurons. Due to the absence of surface functionalization of the QRs with specific ligands, and considering that spherical nanoparticles with same composition as the QRs fail to induce any in vivo behavior on the same experimental model, it is suggested that unique shape‐tunable electrical properties of the QRs may account for the neuronal stimulation. This model system may represent a widely applicable tool for screening neuronal response to nanoparticles in vivo.
Mesocrystals: A New Class of Solid Materials
Authors: Zhou Lei , O'Brien Paul 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPossible types of, and formation mechanisms for, mesocrystals are summarized. Mesocrystals are a new class of solid materials, which can be regarded as assemblies of crystallographically oriented nanocrystals. Mesocrystals have high crystallinity as well as high porosity, making them promising substitutes for single‐crystalline and/or porous polycrystalline materials in many applications such as catalysis, sensing, and solar‐energy conversion.
Turkish grade 10 students' and science teachers' conceptions of nature of science: A national study
Authors: Dogan Nihal , Abd‐El‐Khalick Fouad 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study aimed to assess grade 10 Turkish students' and science teachers' conceptions of nature of science (NOS) and whether these conceptions were related to selected variables. These variables included participants' gender, geographical region, and the socioeconomic status (SES) of their city and region; teacher disciplinary background, years of teaching experience, graduate degree, and type of teacher training program; and student household SES and parents' educational level. A stratified sampling approach was used to generate a representative national sample comprising 2,087 students and 378 science teachers. After establishing their validity in the Turkish context, participants were administered a questionnaire comprising 14 modified “Views on Science‐Technology‐Society” (VOSTS) items to assess their views of certain aspects of NOS. A total of 2,020 students (97%) and 362 teachers (96%) completed the questionnaire. Participant responses were categorized as “naïve,” “have merit,” or “informed,” and the frequency distributions for these responses were compared for various groupings of participants. The majority of participants held naïve views of a majority of the target NOS aspects. Teacher views were mostly similar to those of their students. Teacher and student views of some NOS aspects were related to some of the target variables. These included teacher graduate degree and geographical region, and student household SES, parent education, and SES of their city and geographical region. The relationship between student NOS views and enhanced economic and educational capitals of their households, as well as the SES status of their cities and geographical regions point to significant cultural (specifically Western) and intellectual underpinnings of understandings about NOS. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 1083–1112, 2008
Pup development and maternal behavior in captive Key Largo woodrats (Neotoma floridana smalli)
Authors: Alligood Christina A. , Wheaton Catharine J. , Forde Holly M. , Smith Kathleen N. , Daneault Andre J. , Carlson Robert C. , Savage Anne 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study describes the first systematic observations of maternal behavior and pup development of captive Key Largo woodrats (Neotoma floridana smalli) during the first 30 days of life. Data were collected on six litters of pups born to four dams between December 2006 and July 2007. Gestations for the six litters averaged 38 days and all dams exhibited adequate maternal care postpartum. Key Largo woodrat maternal and pup behavior was generally consistent with behavior observed in other woodrat species. We observed greater pup independence from the dam and a marked change in social interactions between days 13–22. No sex differences in pup development or maternal care were observed. Activity budgets were consistent across dams and across days within the observation period. Although dams spent much of their time inactive with pups attached to their teats, the average percent of intervals with at least one pup observed attached decreased steadily during the 30‐day observation period. Attachment of pups to the dams' teats did not interfere with dams' ability to forage. Feeding with pups attached and feeding following active detachment of pups were both common. Dams were observed to actively detach pups by performing a circular turning motion. This information has application for the future management of this endangered species in captivity and in the wild. Zoo Biol 27:394–405, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beyond fit and attitude: The effect of emotional attachment on consumer responses to brand extensions
Authors: Fedorikhin Alexander , Park C. Whan , Thomson Matthew 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn two studies employing fictitious and real brands, this paper shows that brand attachment goes beyond attitude and fit in determining consumers' behavioral reactions to brand extensions such as purchase intentions, willingness to pay, word‐of‐mouth, and forgiveness. The effect is pronounced at high and moderate, but not low levels of fit. The paper also shows that attachment has an impact on the extent to which the extension is categorized as a member of the parent brand family, which partially mediates attachment's effects.
The Last Day of a Fortified Classic Maya Center: Archaeological Investigations at Aguateca, Guatemala
Authors: Inomata Takeshi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractArchaeological investigations at Aguateca, Guatemala, by the Petexbatun Regional Archaeological Project have provided clues to the intriguing sequence of the downfall of this Maya center. The earliest substantial occupation at Aguateca dates to the Late Preclassic period. After very little presence during the Early Classic period, Aguateca rapidly grew into a densely occupied center, probably at the beginning of the eighth century a.d. Migration from other areas may have contributed to this rapid population growth. In the late eighth century, extensive defensive walls were constructed, most likely as a response to intensified warfare. Despite this defensive effort, Aguateca was finally attacked and brought down by enemies probably at the beginning of the ninth century. The center appears to have been almost completely abandoned soon after this event. This reconstructed sequence confirms other evidence of the Petexbatun Project that intensified warfare played an important role in the Classic Maya collapse.
The role of marine protected areas in environmental management
Authors: Jennings Simon 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Jennings, S. 2009. The role of marine protected areas in environmental management. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 16–21. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one of several tools used to meet management objectives for the marine environment. These objectives reflect political and societal views, and increasingly reconcile fishery and conservation concerns, a consequence of common high-level drivers, such as the World Summit on Sustainable Development. The contribution of MPAs to meeting objectives should be assessed in conjunction with other tools, taking account of the management systems of which they are part. Many of the same factors determine the success of MPAs and other management tools, such as quality of governance and the social and economic situation of people using marine goods and services. Diverse legislation governs MPA designation. Designation could be simplified by prearranged and prenegotiated agreements among all relevant authorities. Agreements could specify how to make trade-offs among objectives, interpret scientific advice, ensure effective engagement among authorities and stakeholders, deal with appeals, and support progressive improvement. The jurisdiction and competence of fishery management authorities mean that they are well placed to contribute to the design, designation, and enforcement of MPAs. Their strengths include well-established procedures for accessing scientific advice, the capacity to work across multiple jurisdictions, experience with MPA management, and access to vessels and personnel for enforcement.