bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of oxidative and metabolic stress during cardiac surgery by means of breath biomarkers: an observational study
Authors: Pabst Florian , Miekisch Wolfram , Fuchs Patricia , Kischkel Sabine , Schubert Jochen K 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background
Volatile breath biomarkers provide a non-invasive window to observe physiological and pathological processes in the body. This study was intended to assess the impact of heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC) onto breath biomarker profiles. Special attention was attributed to oxidative or metabolic stress during surgery and extracorporeal circulation, which can cause organ damage and poor outcome.

Methods
24 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation were enrolled into this observational study. Alveolar breath samples (10 mL) were taken after induction of anesthesia, after sternotomy, 5 min after end of ECC, and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min after end of surgery. Alveolar gas samples were withdrawn from the circuit under visual control of expired CO2. Inspiratory samples were taken near the ventilator inlet. Volatile substances in breath were preconcentrated by means of solid phase micro extraction, separated by gas chromatography, detected and identified by mass spectrometry.

Results
Mean exhaled concentrations of acetone, pentane and isoprene determined in this study were in accordance with results from the literature. Exhaled substance concentrations showed considerable inter-individual variation, and inspired pentane concentrations sometimes had the same order of magnitude than expired values. This is the reason why, concentrations were normalized by the values measured 120 min after surgery. Exhaled acetone concentrations increased slightly after sternotomy and markedly after end of ECC. Exhaled acetone concentrations exhibited positive correlation to serum C-reactive protein concentrations and to serum troponine-T concentrations. Exhaled pentane concentrations increased markedly after sternotomy and dropped below initial values after ECC. Breath pentane concentrations showed correlations with serum creatinine (CK) levels. Patients with an elevated CK-MB (myocardial&brain)/CK ratio had also high concentrations of pentane in exhaled air. Exhaled isoprene concentrations raised significantly after sternotomy and decreased to initial levels at 30 min after end of ECC. Exhaled isoprene concentrations showed a correlation with cardiac output.

Conclusion
Oxidative and metabolic stress during cardiac surgery could be assessed continuously and non-invasively by means of breath analysis. Correlations between breath acetone profiles and clinical conditions underline the potential of breath biomarker monitoring for diagnostics and timely initiation of life saving therapy.
Exploration of the omics evidence landscape: adding qualitative labels to predicted protein-protein interactions
Authors: van Noort Vera , Snel Berend , Huynen Martijn A 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Background
In the post-genomic era various functional genomics, proteomics and computational techniques have been developed to elucidate the protein interaction network. While some of these techniques are specific for a certain type of interaction, most predict a mixture of interactions. Qualitative labels are essential for the molecular biologist to experimentally verify predicted interactions.

Results
Of the individual protein-protein interaction prediction methods, some can predict physical interactions without producing other types of interactions. None of the methods can specifically predict metabolic interactions. We have constructed an 'omics evidence landscape' that combines all sources of evidence for protein interactions from various types of omics data for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We explore this evidence landscape to identify areas with either only metabolic or only physical interactions, allowing us to specifically predict the nature of new interactions in these areas. We combine the datasets in ways that examine the whole evidence landscape and not only the highest scoring protein pairs in both datasets and find specific predictions.

Conclusion
The combination of evidence types in the form of the evidence landscape allows for qualitative labels to be inferred and placed on the predicted protein interaction network of S. cerevisiae. These qualitative labels will help in the biological interpretation of gene networks and will direct experimental verification of the predicted interactions.
Stator-clocking effects on the unsteady interaction of secondary flows in a 1.5-stage unshrouded turbine
Authors: Behr T , Kalfas A. I. , Abhari R. S. 
Published: September 2007

Effects of stator clocking on the unsteady interaction of stator and rotor secondary flows and performance are investigated in a 1.5-stage, high-pressure turbine. Due to the low aspect ratio design of the blade rows, vortical structures dominate the inlet flow field of the second stator row. Therefore the interaction of first stator and rotor secondary flows in relation to the stator-clocking position must be considered in order to achieve an optimized multi-stage performance. Four different stator-clocking positions are studied in this experimental investigation. The data comprise unsteady and steady probe measurements, which are acquired downstream of the rotor and the second stator blade row of a 1.5-stage, unshrouded turbine. A two-sensor fast response aerodynamic probe technique is used in the measurement campaign. It is found that multi-row interaction effects of vortical secondary flow features dominate the loss creation in turbine stages having low aspect ratio geometries. The periodic interaction of shed passage vortices of the first stator with secondary flow structures of the rotor creates regions characterized by reduced total pressure and increased turbulence, and entropy at fixed locations relative to the subsequent stator. Circumferential position of these interaction regions defines the spanwise distribution of total pressure loss in the downstream stator. Stator-clocking controls the spanwise distribution of loss in high-pressure turbines. However, the potential of reducing the loss is limited due to the three-dimensional nature of the flow, and hence, the non-uniform effect of a clocking position on the spanwise performance of a downstream stator.
Protein Adsorption is Dependent on Substrate Polymer Polymorphs
Authors: Matsuno Hisao , Nagasaka Yuya , Kurita Kimio , Serizawa Takeshi 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Adhesion force, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) measurements revealed that native proteins weakly adsorbed onto poly(lactide) (PLA) stereocomplexes with 31 helical (β-form) crystals when compared with poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) homogeneous crystals with 103 helical (α-form) crystals. These observations suggest that substrate polymer polymorphs can be significant factors that determine protein-adsorptive properties.
Dispersion of Layered Hexaniobate in Organic Solvents through Silylation and Liquid Crystalline Behavior of the Colloidal Suspension
Authors: Nakato Teruyuki , Hashimoto Sachika 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Layered niobate K4Nb6O17 became compatible to organic solvents through grafting octadecyltrimethoxysilane onto the niobate layers. The silylated niobate was stably dispersed in chloroform and finitely swelled in toluene whereas the niobate intercalated with dodecylammonium ions was settled out in both the solvents. Colloids of the silylated niobate dispersed in chloroform exhibited lyotropic liquid crystallinity at high niobate concentrations.
A Comparison of Point Abundance and Continuous Sampling by Electrofishing for Age-0 Fish in a Channelized Lowland River
Authors: Janáĉ Michal , Jurajda Pavel 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Because of its efficiency as a sampling method, electrofishing of age-0 fish is often used to assess natural reproduction in rivers. However, little is known about the relative tradeoffs of accuracy and efficiency of different electrofishing methods. For monitoring purposes, it is important to find a method that accurately estimates age-0 fish assemblages and that is relatively quick and inexpensive. Though some studies have compared the suitability of different methods for addressing particular research or management questions, to our knowledge this is the first study comparing two different electrofishing sampling strategies: point abundance and continuous. We compared time effectiveness and accuracy of estimating age-0 fish assemblages obtained by point abundance and continuous electrofishing on the lowland Morava River (Danube River basin, Czech Republic). Forty sites were surveyed by each strategy along two types of shoreline: submerged vegetation and boulder bank. Both strategies yielded similar qualitative data (species richness, relative proportion of species, and size structure) along each shoreline type. Point abundance sampling required a shorter amount of survey time than did continuous sampling. We conclude that point abundance sampling is the more suitable method for routine sampling of age-0 fish assemblages in lowland rivers.
Relative Susceptibility and Effects on Performance of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout Challenged with Myxobolus cerebralis
Authors: DuBey Robert J. , Caldwell Colleen A. , Gould William R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the susceptibility of Rio Grande cutthroat trout (RGCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis to infection by Myxobolus cerebralis in a laboratory experiment. In the same experiment, rainbow trout (RBT) O. mykiss were similarly exposed to M. cerebralis as a reference of known sensitivity to the parasite. Treatments consisting of six parasite concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 triactinomyxons [TAMS] per fish) were randomized within a complete block design using RGCT and RBT fry beginning at 60 d posthatch (600 degree‐days at 10°C). The laboratory experiment was terminated at 130 d postexposure (1,900 degree‐days at 10°C). Diagnostic metrics included clinical signs (behavioral and black tail), survival, myxospore counts, histology, and a swimming performance challenge. Clinical signs of whirling disease were observed within both species at 500 and 1,000 TAMs/fish by 66 d postexposure to the disease. Rio Grande cutthroat trout exhibited significantly lower survival (50% cumulative mortality at 1,000 TAMs/fish) and a significant concentration response compared with RBT (8% cumulative mortality at 1,000 TAMs/fish). Histological scoring of cranial sections using a 0‐5 scale of increasing pathogenic effect revealed greater disease severity in RGCT (3.20) than in RBT (2.43) at 100 TAMs/fish but no difference at 1,000 TAMs/fish (4.15 and 4.12, respectively). Swimming performance revealed detectably lower critical swimming speed in both RGCT and RBT in relation to increased parasite concentrations, the RGCT exhibiting detectably lower critical swimming speeds than the RBT at increased parasite concentration. If M. cerebralis were to spread to areas supporting RGCT, population‐level effects may occur.
Stromal Cell–Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 Attenuates Diabetes in Mice and Promotes Pancreatic β-Cell Survival by Activation of the Prosurvival Kinase Akt
Authors: Yano Tatsuya , Liu Zhengyu , Donovan Jennifer , Thomas Melissa K. , Habener Joel F. 
Published: September 2007

OBJECTIVE—Diabetes is caused by a deficiency of pancreatic β-cells that produce insulin. Approaches to enhance β-cell mass by increasing proliferation and survival are desirable. We determined whether stromal cell–derived factor (SDF)-1/CXCL12 and its receptor, CX chemokine receptor (CXCR)4, are important for the survival of β-cells.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Mouse pancreata and clonal β-cells were examined for expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4, activation of AKT and downstream signaling pathways by SDF-1, and protection against apoptosis and diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ).RESULTS—CXCR4 is expressed in β-cells, and SDF-1 is expressed in microvascular endothelial cells within the islets and in surrounding interstitial stromal tissue. Transgenic mice overexpressing SDF-1 within their β-cells (RIP-SDF-1 mice) are resistant to STZ-induced β-cell apoptosis and diabetes. In MIN6 β-cells, a CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100) induces apoptosis, increases reactive oxygen species, decreases expression levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and reduces phosphorylation of the proapoptotic protein Bad. Active phosphorylated prosurvival kinase Akt is increased both in the β-cells of RIP-SDF-1 mice and in INS-1 cells treated with SDF-1 and sensitive to AMD3100. Inhibition of AKT expression by small interfering RNA attenuates the ameliorative effects of SDF-1 on caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by thapsigargin or glucose deprivation in INS-1 β-cells. Specific inhibition of Akt activation by a soluble inhibitor (SH-5) reverses the anti-apoptotic effects of SDF-1 in INS-1 cells and mouse islets.CONCLUSIONS—SDF-1 promotes pancreatic β-cell survival via activation of Akt, suggesting that SDF-1 agonists may prove beneficial for treatment of diabetes.
Design, development and evaluation of novel nanoemulsion formulations for transdermal potential of celecoxib
Authors: Baboota Sanjula , Shakeel Faiyaz , Ahuja Alka , Ali Javed , Shafiq Sheikh 
Published: September 2007

Design, development and evaluation of novel nanoemulsion formulations for transdermal potential of celecoxibThe aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of nanoemulsion formulations for transdermal delivery of celecoxib (CXB). Thein vitroskin permeation profile of optimized formulations was compared with CXB gel and nanoemulsion gel. Significant increase in the steady state flux (Jss), permeability coefficient (Kp) and enhancement ratio (Er) was observed in nanoemulsion formulations T1 and T2 (p< 0.05). The highest value of these permeability parameters was obtained in formulation T2, which consisted of 2% (m/m) of CXB, 10% (m/m) of oil phase (Sefsol 218 and Triacetin), 50% (m/m) of surfactant mixture (Tween-80 and Transcutol-P) and 40% (m/m) water. The anti-inflammatory effects of formulation T2 showed a significant increase (p< 0.05) in inhibition after 24 h compared to CXB gel and nanoemulsion gel on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. These results suggested that nanoemulsions are potential vehicles for improved transdermal delivery of CXB.
Biometrics of the mussel Anodonta cygnea (L.) inhabiting in 2005 the Binowo and Bobolin Lakes near Szczecin
Authors: Chojnacki Juliusz , Lewandowska Agnieszka , Rosińska Beata 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Research on the swan mussel population was conducted in 2005 on a sample of 497 individuals inhabiting Binowo and Bobolin Lakes, Szczecin, Poland. Length, width, height and age of individuals was examined. Binowo Lake was inhabited by individuals aged 1+ to 7+ years, while individuals aged 1+ to 6+ inhabit Bobolin Lake. Measurable features of swan mussels inhabiting Binowo Lake were as follows: individuals were 3.80 to 10.20 cm long, 1.70 to 5.70 cm wide, 0.70 to 3.70 cm thick, and in Bobolin Lake, 4.00 to 15.20 cm long, 2.20 to 7.70 cm wide, 0.80 to 5.70 cm thick. The age structure of both populations included individuals of diverse ages, with 3 and 4-year old individuals dominating in both lakes. A modest fraction of the youngest individuals (1, 2-year old) as well as the oldest (6, 7-year old) was observed in the examined lakes. All correlations between shell length, width, height and mussel age showed large positive correlations and results obtained from both lakes were similar.
Chitinolytic activity of bacteria and fungi isolated from shrimp exoskeletons
Authors: Swiontek-Brzezinska Maria , Lalke-Porczyk Elzbieta , Donderski Wojciech 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Microbiological analysis of shrimp exoskeletons demonstrated considerable differences in abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi. The number of heterotrophic bacteria was greater by two orders of magnitude than that of fungi. The survey, however, did not reveal significant differences in abundances of bacteria and fungi in samples collected during different months of the survey. The percent contribution of chitinolytic fungi in shrimp exoskeletons was greater than that of bacteria that hydrolyze chitin. The activity of chitinase bacteria was always higher than fungi. Chitinases produced by bacteria demonstrated the highest level of activity at 40°C and pH = 8. In contrast, fungal chitinases showed the highest activity at 50°C and pH = 5.
Mercury fractionation in sediments of the Lower Vistula River (Poland)
Authors: Boszke Leonard , Kowalski Artur 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The Vistula is the second largest river in the Baltic Sea catchment area and provides one of the main inputs to the Baltic. The river and its tributaries flow through some of the major industrialized and urbanised regions of Poland, making it one of the most highly human-impacted rivers in Europe. Although the river status is monitored routinely, little is known about mercury forms in the sediments. This study examines mercury fractionation in the sediments of the lower part of the Vistula River. The results show that the cities along this stretch of river have a relatively low impact on both the mercury forms found in the sediment and its bioavailability in the floodplain soils. The mean concentration of total mercury in the sediments was 65 ± 14 ng g-1 dry mass (range 54-92), calculated as the sum of mercury concentrations in the individual fractions. The most abundantly represented of these fractions were mercury bound to sulphides (68 ± 11%, range 55-82%) and humic matter (19 ± 10%, range 10-35%), with lower fractions of water-soluble mercury (6.9 ± 2.9%, range 5.1-13%) and organomercury compounds (6.4 ± 5.3%, range 0.6-13%). The least abundant fraction observed was acid-soluble mercury (0.3 ± 0.2%, range 0.1-0.6%). Similar concentrations and fractionation were observed in floodplain soils from Kiezmark, collected 1, 10 and 50 meters from the riverbed.
Persistent organic pollutant content in cod (Gadus morhua L.) from the Barents Sea region
Authors: Sapota Grażyna , Wiśniewska-Wojtasik Barbara 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in cod from the Barents Sea. Samples were collected in two regions, the warm waters of the West Spitsbergen Current, where surface temperatures are typically 3.5-6.5°C, and the cold waters of the East Spitsbergen Current, where the surface temperature is generally -1.5-1.5°C.
The concentrations of selected POPs were analysed in muscle and liver tissues of cod. The observed POPs content were lower than in comparable samples from urban regions. Significant differences were seen between the POPs contents in samples of cod from the two regions. These differences can be attributed to the distinct characteristics of the two water bodies, the West and East Spitsbergen Currents.
Sodium Intake and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Predominantly Low-Income Black and White US Residents
Authors: Yoon Hyung-Suk , Cai Qiuyin , Yang Jae Jeong , Lipworth Loren , Cai Hui , Yu Danxia , Steinwandel Mark D. , Gupta Deepak K. , Blot William J. , Zheng Wei , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: March 2024

IMPORTANCEEpidemiologic evidence regarding the outcomes of dietary sodium intake on mortality remains limited for low-income individuals, particularly Black people.OBJECTIVETo investigate the associations of excessive dietary sodium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among predominantly low-income Black and White Americans.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis cohort study included participants aged 40 to 79 years from the Southern Community Cohort Study who were recruited at Community Health Centers in 12 southeastern states from 2002 to 2009. Analyses were conducted between March 2022 and June 2023.EXPOSURESDietary sodium intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESMultivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for mortality outcomes (all-cause, cardiovascular disease [CVD], coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, heart failure, cancer, and other) associated with sodium intake. Nonlinear associations and population-attributable risk (PAR) of the mortality burden associated with excess sodium were further assessed.RESULTSAmong the 64 329 participants, 46 185 (71.8%) were Black, 18 144 (28.2%) were White, and 39 155 (60.9%) were female. The mean (SD) age at study enrollment was 51.3 (8.6) years for Black participants and 53.3 (9.3) years for White counterparts. Mean (SD) dietary sodium intake was 4512 (2632) mg/d in Black individuals and 4041 (2227) mg/d in White individuals; 37 482 Black individuals (81.2%) and 14 431 White individuals (79.5%) exceeded the current dietary recommendations of 2300 mg/d. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 13.8 (11.3-15.8) years, 17 811 deaths were documented, including 5701 from CVD. After adjustment for potential confounders, in Black individuals, HRs per 1000-mg increase in daily sodium intake were 1.07 (95% CI, 1.03-1.10) and 1.08 (95% CI, 1.02-1.14) for deaths from total CVD and CHD, respectively; while in White individuals, the corresponding HRs were 1.08 (95% CI, 1.02-1.14) and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.03-1.23). No significant associations were found for cancer mortality. PAR estimates suggest that sodium intake above the recommended threshold may account for 10% of total CVD, 13% of CHD, and 30% of heart failure deaths in this low-income southern population.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this cohort study of 64 329 low-income Americans, nearly 80% of study participants consumed sodium exceeding the current recommended daily amount, which was associated with 10% to 30% of CVD mortality. Public health programs targeted to reduce sodium intake among this underserved population may be beneficial.
Carbonyl‐Based Narrowband Emitters Peripherally Decorated by Sulfone‐Containing Spiro Structures
Authors: Jiang Simin , Liu Denghui , Chen Zijian , Yang Zhihai , He Yanmei , Yang Guo‐Xi , Li Deli , Su Shi‐Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSulfone group plays a pivotal role in narrowing emission spectra, while, precise modification with sulfone group for carbonyl‐based narrowband emitters that maintain high color purity remains challenging. Herein, a comprehensive exploration of the function of the sulfone group is performed with various sulfur valences and positions fused into traditional carbonyl‐based narrowband emission unit QAO, namely SpiroS‐QAO, SpiroSO2‐QAO, SpiroO‐QAO, and SpiroOSO2‐QAO. A rigid molecular skeleton with a spiro structure as an intramolecular lock enables the four emitters to exhibit narrowband emissions. After full oxidization of sulfur, the emission band of SpiroSO2‐QAO is further narrowed, with full width at half maximum of 32 nm, compared to that of 43 nm for sulfane‐decorated SpiroS‐QAO, which is attributed to the suppressed C─S bond‐length variation by the introduction of sulfone group. Nearly identical spectra of SpiroO‐QAO and SpiroOSO2‐QAO suggest that the sulfone group should be directly linked to the emission core to maximize its function. Maximum external quantum efficiencies of 30.8%, 30.3%, and 29.2% are achieved for SpiroO‐QAO, SpiroOSO2‐QAO, and SpiroS‐QAO‐based sensitized organic light‐emitting diodes with highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence assistant host. These results offer a comprehensive understanding of the sulfone group embedded into the narrowband emission core with respect to the narrowing emission band.