bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoprotective effect of topical treatment with Lopezia racemosa extract against deleterious UVB irradiation effects in the skin of hairless mice
Authors: Erick Nolasco Ontiveros , Montserrat Espinosa González Adriana , Antonio Estrella Parra Edgar , Rocío Serrano Parrales , Eduardo López Urrutia , Verónica García Castillo , Miriam Rodríguez‐Sosa , Imelda Juárez‐Avelar , del Carmen Benítez Flores José , Cruz Rivera Cabrera José , Tzasna Hernández Delgado Claudia , María García Bores Ana , Guillermo Avila Acevedo José 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLopezia racemosa is known as a “mosquito flower or perlilla.” It is commonly found in corn crops. In traditional Mexican medicine, this plant is used to treat stomach cancer and urinary tract infections. Likewise, compounds and extracts isolated from plants have shown cytotoxic and anti‐inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the photochemoprotective effect of topical treatment with the methanolic extract of L. racemosa (MELR) as a photochemoprotective agent against the harmful effects of UV irradiation (UVR) on a bacterial model and hairless mice. The MELR components were separated and analyzed via HPLC‐UV‐ESI‐MS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ability of MERL to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals and by its FRAP capacity. The toxicity of MELR was evaluated in keratinocyte cultures. The photoprotective capacity of MELR was assessed through challenge experiments using models with bacteria and hairless CD1 et/et mice; cytokines related to the damage caused by UVR were also measured. In the methanolic extract of L. racemosa, five metabolites were detected and identified: two isomers of quercetin 6‐C glycoside, orientin, quercetin 3‐(6″‐acetylglycoside) and quercetin 3‐(6″‐galloylglycoside) 7‐(2,3‐dihydroxytetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐4‐yl acetate). MELR exhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging properties, in addition to Fe ion reducing activity. MELR showed a photoprotective effect against UVB radiation‐induced death in Escherichia coli bacteria. At the histological level, topical treatment of CD‐1 et/et mice with MERL reduced the damage caused by UVR. Quantification of interleukins in the blood of mice revealed that the expression of IL‐12 was greater in the control group treated with ultraviolet radiation than in the group protected with MELR. The methanolic extract of L. racemosa has photochemoprotective properties.
Validity of spatiotemporal and ground reaction force estimates during resisted sprinting with a motorized loading device
Authors: Sugisaki Norihide , Tsuchie Hiroyasu , Takai Yohei , Kobayashi Kai , Yoshimoto Takaya , Kanehisa Hiroaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe aimed to examine the validity of estimating spatiotemporal and ground reaction force (GRF) parameters during resisted sprinting using a robotic loading device (1080 Sprint). Twelve male athletes (age: 20.9 ± 2.2 years; height: 174.6 ± 4.2 cm; weight: 69.4 ± 6.1 kg; means ± SDs) performed maximal resisted sprinting with three different loads using the device. The step frequency and length and step‐averaged velocity, anteroposterior GRF (Fap), and the ratio of Fap to resultant GRF (RF) were estimated using the velocity and towing force data measured using the device. Simultaneously, the corresponding values were measured using a 50‐m force plate system. The proportional and fixed biases of the estimated values against those measured using the force plate system were determined using ordinary least product (OLP) regression analysis. Proportional and fixed biases were observed for most variables. However, the proportional bias was small or negligible except for the step frequency. Conversely, the fixed bias was small for step‐averaged velocity (0.11 m/s) and step length (0.04 m), whereas it was large for step frequency (0.54 step/s), Fap (16N), and RF (2.22%). For all variables except step frequency, the prediction intervals in the OLP regression dramatically decreased when the corresponding values were smoothed using a two‐step moving average. These results indicate that by using the velocity and force data recorded in the loading device, most of the spatiotemporal and GRF variables during resisted sprinting can be estimated with some correction of the fixed bias and data smoothing using the two‐step moving average.
Hydrogen sulfide production does not affect antibiotic resistance in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Caruso Lorenzo , Mellini Marta , Catalano Gonzaga Ortensia , Astegno Alessandra , Forte Elena , Di Matteo Adele , Giuffrè Alessandro , Visca Paolo , Imperi Francesco , Leoni Livia , Rampioni Giordano 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) has been proposed to protect bacteria from antibiotics, pointing to H
2
S-producing enzymes as possible targets for the development of antibiotic adjuvants. Here, MIC assays performed with
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
mutants producing altered H
2
S levels demonstrate that H
2
S does not affect antibiotic resistance in this bacterium. Moreover, correlation analyses in a large collection of
P. aeruginosa
cystic fibrosis isolates argue against the protective role of H
2
S from antibiotic activity during chronic lung infection.
Dietary potential of the symbiotic fungus
Penicillium herquei
for the larvae of a nonsocial fungus-cultivating weevil
Euops chinensis
Authors: Guo Wenfeng , Song Yu , Chen Hu , Li Xiaoqiong 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Many insect taxa cultivate fungi for food. Compared to well-known fungus cultivation in social insects, our knowledge on fungus cultivation in nonsocial insects is still limited. Here, we studied the nutritional potentials of the fungal cultivar,
Penicillium herquei
, for the larvae of its nonsocial insect farmer,
Euops chinensis
, a specialist on Japanese knotweed
Reynoutria japonica
. Overall, fungal hyphae and leaf rolls contained significantly higher carbon (C), stable isotopes of C (δ
13
C), and nitrogen (δ
15
N) but significantly lower C/N ratios compared to unrolled leaves, whereas insect bodies contained significantly higher N contents but lower C and C/N ratios compared to other types of samples. The MixSIAR model indicated that fungal hyphae contributed a larger proportion (0.626–0.797) to the diet of
E. chinensis
larvae than leaf materials. The levels of ergosterol, six essential amino acids, seven nonessential amino acids, and three B vitamins tested in fungal hyphae and/or leaf rolls were significantly higher than in unrolled leaves and/or larvae. The
P. herquei
genome contains the complete set of genes required for the biosynthesis of ergosterol, the essential amino acids valine and threonine, nine nonessential amino acids, and vitamins B2 and B3, whereas some genes associated with five essential and one nonessential amino acid were lost in the
P. herquei
genome. These suggest that
P. herquei
is capable of providing the
E. chinensis
larvae food with ergosterol, amino acids, and B vitamins.
P. herquei
appears to be able to synthesize or concentrate these nutrients considering that they were specifically concentrated in fungal hyphae.

IMPORTANCE

The cultivation of fungi for food has occurred across divergent insect lineages such as social ants, termites, and ambrosia beetles, as well as some seldom-reported solitary insects. Although the fungal cultivars of these insects have been studied for decades, the dietary potential of fungal cultivars for their hosts (especially for those nonsocial insects) is largely unknown. Our research on the mutualistic system
Euops chinensis
-
Penicillium herquei
represents an example of the diverse nutritional potentials of the fungal cultivar
P. herquei
in the diet of the larvae of its solitary host,
E. chinensis
. These results demonstrate that
P. herquei
has the potential to synthesize or concentrate ergosterol, amino acids, and B vitamins and benefits the larvae of
E. chinensis
. Our findings would shed light on poorly understood fungal cultivation mutualisms in nonsocial insects and underscore the nutritional importance of fungal cultivars in fungal cultivation mutualisms.
Plasmid-free cheater cells commonly evolve during laboratory growth
Authors: Bedore Amber M. , Waters Christopher M. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

It has been nearly a century since the isolation and use of penicillin, heralding the discovery of a wide range of different antibiotics. In addition to clinical applications, such antibiotics have been essential laboratory tools, allowing for selection and maintenance of laboratory plasmids that encode cognate resistance genes. However, antibiotic resistance mechanisms can additionally function as public goods. For example, extracellular beta-lactamases produced by resistant cells that subsequently degrade penicillin and related antibiotics allow neighboring plasmid-free susceptible bacteria to survive antibiotic treatment. How such cooperative mechanisms impact selection of plasmids during experiments in laboratory conditions is poorly understood. Here, we show in multiple bacterial species that the use of plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases leads to significant curing of plasmids in surface-grown bacteria. Furthermore, such curing was also evident for aminoglycoside phosphotransferase and tetracycline antiporter resistance mechanisms. Alternatively, antibiotic selection in liquid growth led to more robust plasmid maintenance, although plasmid loss was still observed. The net outcome of such plasmid loss is the generation of a heterogenous population of plasmid-containing and plasmid-free cells, leading to experimental confounds that are not widely appreciated.

IMPORTANCE
Plasmids are routinely used in microbiology as readouts of cell biology or tools to manipulate cell function. Central to these studies is the assumption that all cells in an experiment contain the plasmid. Plasmid maintenance in a host cell typically depends on a plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance marker, which provides a selective advantage when the plasmid-containing cell is grown in the presence of antibiotic. Here, we find that growth of plasmid-containing bacteria on a surface and to a lesser extent in liquid culture in the presence of three distinct antibiotic families leads to the evolution of a significant number of plasmid-free cells, which rely on the resistance mechanisms of the plasmid-containing cells. This process generates a heterogenous population of plasmid-free and plasmid-containing bacteria, an outcome which could confound further experimentation.
Conditional splicing system for tight control of viral overlapping genes
Authors: Yang Qing , Wang Jinlin , Chen Zhiwei 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Viral genomes frequently harbor overlapping genes, complicating the development of virus-vectored vaccines and gene therapies. This study introduces a novel conditional splicing system to precisely control the expression of such overlapping genes through recombinase-mediated conditional splicing. We refined site-specific recombinase (SSR) conditional splicing systems and explored their mechanisms. The systems demonstrated exceptional inducibility (116,700-fold increase) with negligible background expression, facilitating the conditional expression of overlapping genes in adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Notably, this approach enabled the establishment of stable AAV producer cell lines, encapsulating all necessary packaging genes. Our findings underscore the potential of the SSR-conditional splicing system to significantly advance vector engineering, enhancing the efficacy and scalability of viral-vector-based therapies and vaccines.

IMPORTANCE
Regulating overlapping genes is vital for gene therapy and vaccine development using viral vectors. The regulation of overlapping genes presents challenges, including cytotoxicity and impacts on vector capacity and genome stability, which restrict stable packaging cell line development and broad application. To address these challenges, we present a “loxp-splice-loxp”-based conditional splicing system, offering a novel solution for conditional expression of overlapping genes and stable cell line establishment. This system may also regulate other cytotoxic genes, representing a significant advancement in cell engineering and gene therapy as well as biomass production.
Supplemental Material: Major ion pore-water chemistry evolution in Lake Michigan benthic sediments: Evidence for direct input from Michigan Basin saline groundwater
Authors: Kolak Jonathan J. , Long David T. 
Published: March 2024

<p>Detailed information on locations (Table S1) and sediment descriptions (Table S2) of the 1999 sediment gravity cores, overviews of major cation pore-water chemistry analysis procedures and quality assurance/quality control protocols (Tables S3 and S4), and additional information on sources and modifications to the generalized regional bedrock geology compilation (Table S5); figures depicting calcium versus sodium variations in pore-water samples (Fig. S1) and depicting sediment descriptions and corresponding changes in pore-water sodium concentrations (Fig. S2); and data tables of pore-water composition analyses (chloride, bromide, and major cations) for the Lake Michigan (Data S1 and S2) and Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) (Data S3) samples presented in the paper. </p>
Exploring AI-chatbots’ capability to suggest surgical planning in ophthalmology: ChatGPT versus Google Gemini analysis of retinal detachment cases
Authors: Carlà Matteo Mario , Gambini Gloria , Baldascino Antonio , Giannuzzi Federico , Boselli Francesco , Crincoli Emanuele , D’Onofrio Nicola Claudio , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundWe aimed to define the capability of three different publicly available large language models, Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT-3.5), ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini in analysing retinal detachment cases and suggesting the best possible surgical planning.MethodsAnalysis of 54 retinal detachments records entered into ChatGPT and Gemini’s interfaces. After asking ‘Specify what kind of surgical planning you would suggest and the eventual intraocular tamponade.’ and collecting the given answers, we assessed the level of agreement with the common opinion of three expert vitreoretinal surgeons. Moreover, ChatGPT and Gemini answers were graded 1–5 (from poor to excellent quality), according to the Global Quality Score (GQS).ResultsAfter excluding 4 controversial cases, 50 cases were included. Overall, ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini surgical choices agreed with those of vitreoretinal surgeons in 40/50 (80%), 42/50 (84%) and 35/50 (70%) of cases. Google Gemini was not able to respond in five cases. Contingency analysis showed significant differences between ChatGPT-4 and Gemini (p=0.03). ChatGPT’s GQS were 3.9±0.8 and 4.2±0.7 for versions 3.5 and 4, while Gemini scored 3.5±1.1. There was no statistical difference between the two ChatGPTs (p=0.22), while both outperformed Gemini scores (p=0.03 and p=0.002, respectively). The main source of error was endotamponade choice (14% for ChatGPT-3.5 and 4, and 12% for Google Gemini). Only ChatGPT-4 was able to suggest a combined phacovitrectomy approach.ConclusionIn conclusion, Google Gemini and ChatGPT evaluated vitreoretinal patients’ records in a coherent manner, showing a good level of agreement with expert surgeons. According to the GQS, ChatGPT’s recommendations were much more accurate and precise.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of text messaging interventions to support tobacco cessation
Authors: Puljević Cheneal , Meciar Isabel , Holland Alice , Stjepanović Daniel , Snoswell Centaine L , Thomas Emma E , Morphett Kylie , Kang Heewon , Chan Gary , Grobler Etienne , Gartner Coral E 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of text message-based interventions for smoking cessation, including the effects of dose (number of text messages) and concomitant use of behavioural or pharmacological interventions.Data sourcesWe searched seven databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science), Google Scholar and the reference lists of relevant publications for RCTs. Eligible studies included participants aged ≥15 years who smoked tobacco at enrolment.Study selectionOne reviewer screened titles and abstracts and two reviewers independently screened full texts of articles.Data extractionOne of three reviewers independently extracted data on study and intervention characteristics and smoking abstinence rates using Qualtrics software.Data synthesis30 of the 40 included studies reported higher rates of smoking cessation among those receiving text messaging interventions compared with comparators, but only 10 were statistically significant. A meta-analysis of seven RCTs found that participants receiving text messages were significantly more likely to quit smoking compared with participants in no/minimal intervention or ‘usual care’ conditions (risk ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.52 to 2.29, p <0.001). Three trials found no benefit from a higher dose of text messages on smoking cessation. Two trials that tested the added benefit of text messaging to pharmacotherapy reported outcomes in favour of adding text messaging.ConclusionsFindings suggest that text messaging-based interventions are effective at promoting smoking cessation. Further research is required to establish if any additional benefit is gained from an increased number of text messages or concurrent pharmacotherapy or behavioural counselling.
Adaptive multi-interventional trial platform to improve patient care for fibrotic interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Kawano-Dourado Leticia , Kulkarni Tejaswini , Ryerson Christopher J , Rivera-Ortega Pilar , Baldi Bruno Guedes , Chaudhuri Nazia , Funke-Chambour Manuela , Hoffmann-Vold Anna-Maria , Johannson Kerri A , Khor Yet Hong , Montesi Sydney B , Piccari Lucilla , Prosch Helmut , Molina-Molina María , Sellares Torres Jacobo , Bauer-Ventura Iazsmin , Rajan Sujeet , Jacob Joseph , Richards Duncan , Spencer Lisa G , Wendelberger Barbara , Jensen Tom , Quintana Melanie , Kreuter Michael , Gordon Anthony C , Martinez Fernando J , Kaminski Naftali , Cornelius Victoria , Lewis Roger , Adams Wendy , Jenkins Gisli 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundFibrotic interstitial lung diseases (fILDs) are a heterogeneous group of lung diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite a large increase in the number of clinical trials in the last 10 years, current regulatory-approved management approaches are limited to two therapies that prevent the progression of fibrosis. The drug development pipeline is long and there is an urgent need to accelerate this process. This manuscript introduces the concept and design of an innovative research approach to drug development in fILD: a global Randomised Embedded Multifactorial Adaptive Platform in fILD (REMAP-ILD).MethodsDescription of the REMAP-ILD concept and design: the specific terminology, design characteristics (multifactorial, adaptive features, statistical approach), target population, interventions, outcomes, mission and values, and organisational structure.ResultsThe target population will be adult patients with fILD, and the primary outcome will be a disease progression model incorporating forced vital capacity and mortality over 12 months. Responsive adaptive randomisation, prespecified thresholds for success and futility will be used to assess the effectiveness and safety of interventions. REMAP-ILD embraces the core values of diversity, equity, and inclusion for patients and researchers, and prioritises an open-science approach to data sharing and dissemination of results.ConclusionBy using an innovative and efficient adaptive multi-interventional trial platform design, we aim to accelerate and improve care for patients with fILD. Through worldwide collaboration, novel analytical methodology and pragmatic trial delivery, REMAP-ILD aims to overcome major limitations associated with conventional randomised controlled trial approaches to rapidly improve the care of people living with fILD.
Fishing antioxidant 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro assessments
Authors: Rostom Batoul , Goya-Jorge Elizabeth , Muro Liliana Vicet , Boubrik Imrane , Wiorek Sarah , Karaky Racha , Kassab Issam , Rodríguez María Elisa Jorge , Sylla-Iyarreta Veitía Maité 
Published: March 2024

Coumarins represent a diverse class of natural compounds whose importance in pharmaceutical and agri-food sectors has motivated multiple novel synthetic derivatives with broad applicability. The phenolic moiety in 4-hydroxycoumarins underscores their potential to modulate the equilibrium between free radicals and antioxidant species within biological systems. The aim of this work was to assess the antioxidant activity of 18 4-hydroxycoumarin coumarin derivatives, six of which are commercially available and the other 12 were synthesized and chemically characterized and described herein. The 4-hydroxycoumarins were prepared by a two steps synthetic strategy with satisfactory yields. Their antioxidant potential was evaluated through three in vitro methods, two free radical-scavenging assays (DPPH• and ABTS•+) and a metal chelating activity assay. Six synthetic coumarins (4a, 4g, 4h, 4i, 4k, 4l) had a scavenging capacity of DPPH• higher than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (IC50 = 0.58 mmol/L) and compound 4a (4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2 H-chromen-2-one) with an IC50 = 0.05 mmol/L outperformed both BHT and ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.06 mmol/L). Nine hydroxycoumarins had a scavenging capacity against ABTS•+ greater (C3, 4a, 4c) or comparable (C1, C2, C4, C6, 4g, 4l) to Trolox (IC50 = 34.34 µmol/L). Meanwhile, the set had a modest ferrous chelation capacity, but most of them (C2, C5, C6, 4a, 4b, 4h, 4i, 4j, 4k, 4l) reached up to more than 20% chelating ability percentage. Collectively, this research work provides valuable structural insights that may determine the scavenging and metal chelating activity of 4-hydroxycoumarins. Notably, substitutions at the C6 position appeared to enhance scavenging potential, while the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups showed promise in augmenting chelation efficiency.