bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Adult “Dyslexic” Learns to Read and Write
Authors: Mudd Norma 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDyslexia is a controversial topic yet, however it is defined, there can be no denying the profound handicap of an inability to read and write, especially for adults struggling to get on in a world where literacy is central. Thus Norma Mudd's case study of Fiona as she develops her control of print is encouraging and, at times, inspiring. Norma draws some wider lessons from Fiona's experience which will be found useful by all teachers of literacy.
Recording Primary Language
Authors: Wyse Dominic 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ILEA Primary Language Record has had a significant effect upon approaches to the assessment of language in the primary school, having proved to be both professionally thorough and practically useful. In this article Dominic Wyse explores ways in which the PLR can be modified to make it even more useful for teachers, while maintaining its underlying philosophy. He shows quite clearly how the record can be used to improve the quality of teaching and learning and offers a welcome alternative to simplistic models of literacy assessment.
Talking Books and Reading
Authors: Medwell Jane 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDevelopments in technology, particularly in terms of multimedia capability, have begun to make possible innovative educational use of microcomputers. One particular kind of software which has recently begun to be produced is the electronic book. Such “books” can provide reading experience for children which support and lead into reading proficiency. In this article Jane Medwell describes a study in which she evaluated the effects of experiences with disc‐based electronic books on infant reading. Some interesting results emerged concerned with the ways in which children interacted with the “books” and the gender differences in the use and effects of such reading support.
Reading with Adam
Authors: Cooper Margaret 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMost teachers will accept that some of their most difficult problems in teaching reading are occasioned by those children who have already failed at the process. Negative views about reading and, often, negative self‐images can combine to cause intractable problems. In this article, Margaret Cooper describes her work with one such child and relates how she was able to get beyond his problems to allow him to experience success in reading. Her work, although done on a one‐to‐one basis and out of a school context, will still be found useful by teachers trying to find ways to teach children with reading problems.
Early Predictors of Later Attainment in Reading and Spelling
Authors: Lazo Monica G. , Pumfrey Peter D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA good deal of research has tried to establish the precursors of literacy in terms of the abilities in children which are most likely to lead to good progress in reading and writing. As Monica Lazo and Peter Pumfrey point out, several aspects of metalinguistic ability have been identified as important and in their research, reported here, they found that three aspects of this ability were particularly significant to children's literacy development. These aspects, phonological awareness, print awareness and semantic/syntactic awareness seem to play crucial roles in children's reading and spelling but not in isolation. It is the combination of these which seems to make the difference, a finding with important implications for teachers of early literacy.
Children's Learning from Science Texts: A Critique of ‘EXIT into Understanding’
Authors: Peacock Alan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article is a reply to an earlier article published in Reading Volume 29 (1) in which David Wray and Maureen Lewis outlined their EXIT model for describing the process of children learning from text. Here Alan Peacock, a science specialist with a particular interest in the use of texts in developing countries, questions the applicability of the EXIT model to children's reading of science texts in other contexts. He rightly makes the point that not enough research has been carried out into the use of texts in various curriculum areas and in various contexts and his article is a challenge to begin such extended research.
Political Rescaling and Municipal Cultural Public Policies: A Comparison of France and Québec
Authors: BREUX SANDRA , COLLIN JEAN‐PIERRE , NÉGRIER EMMANUEL 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDo territories change public policies? This would appear to be a rather unusual research orientation. It is even a reversal of the most commonly accepted approaches to the study of territorial public action, which tend to look at this issue from the opposite perspective, that is, in examining how public policies affect territories. The municipal reforms that have simultaneously occurred in Québec and France since the late 1990s afford an excellent opportunity to consider this inversion of the issues. To do so, we take as our theme culture and municipal cultural policies. We try to define and understand to what extent there exist in Québec and France retroactive links between municipal restructuring and municipal decisions about cultural facilities and activities and, more generally, municipal cultural intervention in the urban milieu. This comparative analysis of the cases of France and Québec focuses on discourse as well as achievements. First, we look at the changes arising from institutional reforms in the supply of cultural activities, budgets devoted to culture, and cultural policies. We then consider culture as a vector in the construction of a new municipal institution and a new municipal territory.
Impact of cosmetic care on quality of life in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy and radiotherapy: an initial randomized controlled study
Authors: Titeca G , Poot F , Cassart D , Defays B , Pirard D , Comas M , Vereecken P , Verschaevec V , Simon P , Heenen M 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground  Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and therefore represents a major problem in public health. Data from patients’ self‐report questionnaires provide valuable information about the side‐effects that patients may view as having a significantly detrimental impact on their quality of life (QOL) and yet are not always recognized as important by healthcare professionals. Cosmetology is a specific care for patients and there is actually no scientific evidence regarding effects on QOL for women with breast cancer.Objective  The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of cosmetic care on QOL in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Methods  We developed a prospective, multicentre, randomized, controlled study including 27 patients. All the patients had to fill in a French‐validated dermatologic specific quality‐of‐life questionnaire to compare the QOL of the two groups, the cosmetic group and the control group, at three different times of the adjuvant treatment.Results  The results show a statistically significant difference between the cosmetic group and the control group in two areas of QOL: mood state and self‐perception of the disease.Conclusion  This study emphasizes the interest of cosmetic care in breast cancer patients. However, further larger trials are needed to confirm this study.
Long‐term morphology of a healing bone–tendon interface: a histological observation in the sheep model
Authors: Newsham‐West R. , Nicholson H. , Walton M. , Milburn P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine and describe the sequence of events involved in long‐term biological reconstruction of a tendon–bone interface following surgical reattachment. Patellar tendon re‐attachment in the adult sheep was used to investigate and describe the biological components involved in healing and repair of a tendon enthesis. Light microscopy was used to describe the healing morphology at time intervals of 8, 12, 26, 52 and 104 weeks. By 8 weeks a collagen continuum was observed between the tendon and bone. Over time this fibrous bridge became anchored into the original tissues (tendon and bone), with the resultant enthesis resembling more a fibrous rather than the original fibrocartilagenous enthesis. The associated collagen fibrils between the two tissues gradually changed in morphology over time to reflect the fibres seen in the original tendon tissue. The fibrous tissue of the forming enthesis remained hypercellular when compared with the controls. The resultant long‐term morphology may be a reflection of functional adaptation rather than anatomical replication.
Identification and characterisation of novel tubulin‐binding motifs located within the C‐terminus of TRPV1
Authors: Goswami C. , Hucho Tim B. , Hucho F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPreviously, we reported that TRPV1, the vanilloid receptor, interacts with soluble αβ‐tubulin dimers as well as microtubules via its C‐terminal cytoplasmic domain. The interacting region of TRPV1, however, has not been defined. We found that the TRPV1 C‐terminus preferably interacts with β‐tubulin and less with α‐tubulin. Using a systematic deletion approach and biotinylated‐peptides we identified two tubulin‐binding sites present in TRPV1. These two sequence stretches are highly conserved in all known mammalian TRPV1 orthologues and partially conserved in some of the TRPV1 homologues. As these sequence stretches are not similar to any known tubulin‐binding sequences, we conclude that TRPV1 interacts with tubulin and microtubule through two novel tubulin‐binding motifs.
Impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activity triggers sequential activation of apoptosis‐inducing factor‐dependent and caspase‐dependent signaling pathways to induce apoptosis after spinal cord injury
Authors: Wu Kay L. H. , Hsu Chin , Chan Julie Y. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mitochondrion participates in caspase‐independent or caspase‐dependent apoptotic pathways through the release of apoptosis‐inducing factor or cytochrome c. Whether both mitochondrial apoptotic cascades are triggered in the injured spinal cord remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that neurons, astrocytes and microglia in spinal segments proximal to a complete spinal cord transection underwent two phases of apoptotic cell death. The early phase of high‐molecular weight (HMW) DNA fragmentation was associated with nuclear translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor, reduction in mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity and decrease in cellular ATP concentration. The delayed phase of low‐molecular weight (LMW) DNA fragmentation was accompanied by cytosolic release of cytochrome c, activation of caspases 9 and 3, and resumption of mitochondrial respiratory functions and ATP contents. Microinfusion of coenzyme Q10, an electron carrier in mitochondrial respiratory chain, into the epicenter of the transected spinal cord attenuated both phases of induced apoptosis, and reversed the elicited mitochondrial dysfunction, bioenergetic failure, and activation of apoptosis‐inducing factor, cytochrome c, or caspases 9 and 3. We conclude that mitochondrial dysfunction after spinal cord transection represents the initiating cellular events that trigger the sequential activation of apoptosis‐inducing factor‐dependent and caspase‐dependent signaling cascades, leading to apoptotic cell death in the injured spinal cord.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson, Araceae
Authors: SANTOSA E. , LIAN C. L. , PISOOKSANTIVATANA Y. , SUGIYAMA N. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract Amorphophallus paeoniifolius is an herbaceous perennial tuber crop distributed widely in many Asian countries. We isolated 19 polymorphic loci from A. paeoniifolius using a dual‐suppression‐PCR technique. These loci provide microsatellite markers with high polymorphism ranging from three to 24 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.521 to 0.854 and from 0.766 to 0.930, respectively. This high allelic diversity indicates that our markers are suitable for a population study in A. paeoniifolius.
Hypotheses for the origin and early evolution of triterpenoid cyclases
Authors: FISCHER W. W. , PEARSON A. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTHopanes and steranes are found almost universally in the sedimentary rock record where they often are used as proxies for aerobic organisms, metabolisms, and environments. In order to interpret ancient lipid signatures confidently we require a complementary understanding of how these modern biochemical pathways evolved since their conception. For example, generally it has been assumed that hopanoid biosynthesis was an evolutionary predecessor to steroid biosynthesis. Here we re‐evaluate this assumption. Using a combined phylogenetic and biochemical perspective, we address the evolution of polycyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis and suggest several constraints on using these molecules as aerobic biomarkers. Amino acid sequence data show that the enzymes responsible for polycyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis (i.e. squalene and 2,3‐oxidosqualene cyclases) are homologous. Numerous conserved domains correspond to active sites in the enzymes that are required to complete the complex cyclization reaction. From these sites we develop an evolutionary analysis of three independent characters to explain the evolution of the major classes of polycyclic triterpenoids. These characters are: (i) the number of unfavourable anti‐Markovnikov ring closures, (ii) all‐chair (CCC) or chair‐boat‐chair (CBC) substrate conformation, and (iii) the choice between squalene and 2,3‐oxidosqualene as the substrate. We use these characters to construct four competing phylogenies to describe the evolution of polycyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis. The analysis suggests that malabaricanoids would be the most ancient polycyclic triterpenoids. The two most parsimonious evolutionary trees are the ones in which hopanoid and steroid cyclases diverged from a common ancestor. The transition from a CCC‐ to CBC‐fold marks the major divergence in the evolution of these pathways, and it is diagnosable in the geological record. However, this transition does not require the simultaneous adoption of the aerobic substrate, 2,3‐oxidosqualene, because these characters are controlled by independent parts of the enzyme.
Increased polyploidy in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells during aging is marked by cellular senescence
Authors: Yang Dan , McCrann Donald J. , Nguyen Hao , Hilaire Cynthia St. , DePinho Ronald A. , Jones Matthew R. , Ravid Katya 
Published: February 2007

SummaryWe previously reported that the frequency of polyploid aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) serves as a biomarker of aging. Cellular senescence of somatic cells is another marker of aging that is characterized by the inability to undergo cell division. Here, we examined whether polyploidy is associated with the development of cellular senescence in vivo. Analysis of aortic tissue preparations from young and old Brown Norway rats showed that expression of senescence markers such as p16INK4a and senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity are detected primarily in the old tissues. VSMC from p16INK4a knockout and control mice display similar levels of polyploid cells. Intriguingly, senescence markers are expressed in most, but not all, polyploid VSMC. Moreover, the polyploid cells exhibit limited proliferative capacity in comparison to their diploid counterparts. This study is the first to demonstrate in vivo that polyploid VSMC adopt a senescent phenotype.
The karstlands of Antigua, their land use and conservation
Authors: DAY MICHAEL 
Published: February 2007

The northeastern 110 km2, or nearly 40%, of Antigua is underlain by impure limestones of the Oligocene‐aged Antigua Formation, on which has developed a subdued karst landscape consisting essentially of shallow enclosed depressions (dolines), intermittently active stream valleys and widely scattered residual hills. The dispersed dolines are broad, shallow and clustered, especially in the central and southeastern sections of the limestone belt, where they attain densities of 7/km2. The widely spaced residual hills attain heights of up to 40 m and localized densities of over 4/km2. Five main valley systems up to 6 km in length traverse the limestone in a broadly northeast direction, carrying both autogenic drainage from within the karst area and allogenic drainage from the non‐carbonate Central Plain. Karst and cave development has been constrained by the low purity of the limestones. Of the four types of carbonate islands identified within the Carbonate Island Karst Model, Antigua most closely resembles the Composite Island type. The karst has been much influenced by human activities, particularly agriculture and quarrying, and is now a focus of the burgeoning tourism industry. Virtually none of the karst is designated as protected areas, but several sites warrant protection, and several conservation strategies have been suggested.
ANALYST BEHAVIOR SURROUNDING TENDER OFFER ANNOUNCEMENTS
Authors: Bradley Daniel J. , Morgan Angela G. , Wolf Jack G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examine the usefulness and credibility of analyst recommendations by focusing on their behavior surrounding tender offer announcements. For our 1998–2001 sample, we find analysts did not identify takeover targets through their recommendations nor did they distinguish between wealth‐increasing and wealth‐decreasing tender offers. We find some evidence of conflicts of interest in analyst recommendations, but it is confined to the 1999–2000 dot‐com period. However, the long‐run performance following recommendations suggests that these conflicts have little ultimate cost to investors.
ABNORMAL PERFORMANCE IN SMALL PORTFOLIOS WITH EVENT‐INDUCED VOLATILITY: THE CASE OF STOCK SPLITS
Authors: Baixauli J. Samuel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this article I present a test for detecting abnormal returns when the event analyzed induces volatility and the portfolio is small. The results show that the test is well specified and leads to significant gains in power. I subsequently analyze the abnormal returns around the stock split ex date according to the split factor and find significant abnormal returns only when the factor is greater than 2. The varying motives behind the splits may explain this finding.
WHAT'S IN A NICKNAME? PRICE AND VOLUME EFFECTS OF A PURE TICKER SYMBOL CHANGE
Authors: Kadapakkam Palani‐Rajan , Misra Lalatendu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examine the effect of a voluntary change in ticker symbol without other contemporaneous corporate events such as a name change. We find significant declines in trading volume and prices on the effective date of the ticker change. We segment the sample by exchange listing, share turnover activity, and subperiod. We observe declines in trading volume in all subsamples and negative abnormal returns in recent years.
Clinicopathological findings and results of bone marrow aspiration in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours: 157 cases (1999–2002)*
Authors: Endicott M. M. , Charney S. C. , McKnight J. A. , Loar A. S. , Barger A. M. , Bergman P. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBone marrow aspiration for routine staging of canine cutaneous mast cell tumour is not consistently performed, and the overall incidence of bone marrow infiltration and predictive value of the complete blood count (CBC) is unknown. This study evaluated a series of 157 dogs presented for cutaneous mast cell tumours in which a CBC and bone marrow aspiration were performed. The incidence of bone marrow infiltration at initial staging was low at 2.8%, and 4.5% overall. Factors significantly associated with bone marrow infiltration included increased age, leucocytosis, anaemia, neutrophilia, monocytosis, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, being purebred and staging at the time of recurrent or progressive disease. Our study suggests that a bone marrow sample is not indicated for routine staging but maybe indicated for those dogs with mast cell tumours having either an abnormal haemogram (neutrophilia, monocytosis, eosinophilia, basophilia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia) or presenting for tumour regrowth, progression or new occurrence.
On the Vickers Indentation Fracture Toughness Test
Authors: Quinn George D. , Bradt Richard C. 
Published: February 2007

The Vickers indentation fracture toughness test, or VIF, is addressed by considering its origins and the numerous equations that have been applied along with the technique to estimate the fracture resistance, or the KIc of ceramics. Initiation and propagation of cracks during the VIF test are described and contrasted with the pre‐cracking and crack growth for internationally standardized fracture toughness tests. It is concluded that the VIF test technique is fundamentally different than standard fracture toughness tests. The VIF test has a complex three‐dimensional crack system with substantial deformation residual stresses and damage around the cracks. The VIF test relates to an ill‐defined crack arrest condition as opposed to the rapid crack propagation of the standardized fracture toughness tests. Previously published fracture toughness results employing the VIF technique are reviewed. These reveal serious discrepancies in reported VIF fracture toughness values. Finally, recent fracture resistance measurements by the VIF technique for the Standard Reference Material SRM 2100 are presented. These are compared with standardized test results for the same material. It is concluded that the VIF technique is not reliable as a fracture toughness test for ceramics or for other brittle materials. What the VIF actually measures in terms of fracture resistance cannot be readily defined. It is recommended that the VIF technique no longer be acceptable for the fracture toughness testing of ceramic materials.
Coronally advanced flap: a modified surgical approach for isolated recession‐type defects: Three‐year results
Authors: De Sanctis M. , Zucchelli G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground: Various modifications of the coronally displaced flap have been proposed in the literature with the attempt of treating gingival recession with uneven predictable results. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness with respect to root coverage of a modification of the coronally advanced flap procedure for the treatment of isolated recession‐type defects in the upper jaw.Methods: Forty isolated gingival recessions with at least 1 mm of keratinized tissue apical to the defects were treated with a modified approach to the coronally advanced flap. The main change in the surgical procedure consisted in the modification of flap thickness and dimension of surgical papillae during flap elevation. All recessions fall into Miller class I or II. The clinical re‐evaluation was performed 1 year and 3 years after the surgery.Results: At the 1‐year examination, the average root coverage was 3.72±1.0 mm (98.6% of the pre‐operative recession depth) and 3.64±1.1 mm (96.7%) at 3 years. The gain in probing attachment amounted to 3.65±1.10 mm at 1 year and to 3.70±1.09 mm at 3 years. The average increase of keratinized tissue between the baseline and the 3‐year follow‐up amounted to 1.78±0.90 mm. All changes of keratinized tissue (difference between baseline and 1 year, baseline and 3 years, and between 1 and 3 years) were statistically significant.Conclusion: The modified coronally advanced surgical technique is effective in the treatment of isolated gingival recession in the upper jaw.