bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of the Safety of Bulk Cargo by Determining the Unfilled Volume of the Gondola Car with Stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Malyshev M. I. 
Published: April 2024

The process of developing integrated transport systems involves not only a radical change in the scale of the tasks being solved, but also the use of effective methods and tools.The object of the study is the process of controlling safety of cargo transported in a gondola car. The subject of the study is the relief of the upper surface of the cargo and the unfilled space of the gondola car. The relevance of the study is due to the growing volumes of transportation and significant losses of bulk cargo during transportation, the development of information technology and the possibility of creating an affordable tool for monitoring the safety of transported goods.The objective of the study is to describe an intelligent tool for monitoring the safety of goods transported by rail in gondola cars, and the process of its application in real time. The proposed control method requires for the transfer of operator functions to a digital assistant and the minimisation of the equipment necessary for monitoring. It is proposed to control the safety of bulk cargo by processing the image of a gondola car with cargo obtained from photo-video cameras with a convolutional neural network, and to calculate the volume of space unfilled with cargo using photogrammetry methods.
The Role and Place of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code in the International Legal Mechanism for Ensuring Security in Maritime Transport
Authors: Kupriyanovich M. S. 
Published: April 2024

One of the measures taken by the International Maritime Organization to prevent terrorist acts at sea was adoption of amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, aimed at ensuring that ships and their cargo do not become targets of terrorist activities.Complementing the amendments is the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code, which is reviewed in this article. The Code describes a specific mechanism for ensuring security in ports and related facilities, and establishes cooperation between government agencies, the shipping and port industries in identifying security threats and preventing incidents affecting ships in ports or port facilities themselves. The document contains effective elements for preventing and deterring incidents against maritime security. In this capacity, the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code has undoubtedly influenced further development of international law in the field of security, safety and efficiency of international maritime transportation.
Chemical Composition of the Indian Ocean Pleistocene Sediments
Authors: Levitan M. A. , Antonova T. A. , Domaratskaya L. G. , Koltsova A. V. , Syromyatnikov K. V. 
Published: April 2024

Geochemical review of Pleistocene sediments from the Indian Ocean has been performed based on reports of deep-sea drilling cruises and other literature references. We created the data base including more than 2000 chemical analyses of sediment samples. As result we compiled a number of tables concerning the mean ariphmetic composition of lithogenic and biogenic sediments. All data have been normalized on PAAS (PostArchean Australean shales). We revealed the dominant role of terrigenous clastics in formation of chemical composition of noncarbonate sediments and noncarbonated matter of planktic carbonates as well. Main geochemical associations have been established together with three main factors determinating sediment composition: terrigenous, carbonate and hydrogenous. We managed to calculate meanwheighted chemical composition, accumulation rates of elements in the studied sediments and their mass accumulation rates. All these parameters of the chemical composition can be used later for comparative analysis with analog para-meters from other ocean sediments within frames of Pleistocene straton in the World Ocean.
Landscape of <i>KRAS</i>, <i>BRAF</i>,<i> PIK3CA</i> Genes Mutations and Clinical Features of EBV-Associated and MSI Gastric Cancer
Authors: Danishevich A. M. , Pospehova N. I. , Stroganova A. M. , Golovina D. A. , Nikulin M. P. , Kalinin A. E. , Nikolaev S. E. , Stilidi I. S. , Lyubchenko L. N. 
Published: April 2024

Personalization of gastric cancer treatment is an urgent problem due to clinical heterogeneity and aggressive course of the disease. In 2014, Cancer Genome Atlas researchers divided gastric cancers into four subtypes based on molecular characteristics: Epstein–Barr virus positive (EBV+), microsatellite instability (MSI), chromosomal instability, genomically stable. To date, there is no single method for detecting chromosomal instability and genomically stable subtypes, while MSI analysis and EBV assessment are used in routine practice and are of the greatest clinical importance. We analyzed 159 gastric cancer samples for the presence of MSI, EBV DNA, and somatic mutations in codons 12–13 (exon 2), 61 (exon 3), and 146 (exon 4) of the KRAS gene, codons 597–601 (exon 15) of the BRAF gene and codons 542–546 (exon 9), 1047–1049 (exon 20) of the PIK3CA gene. As a result, the EBV+ gastric cancer was detected in 8.2% of samples, MSI – in 13.2%. MSI and EBV+ were found to be mutually exclusive. The mean age of patients with EBV+ and MSI cancers was 54.8 and 62.1 years, respectively. In 92.3% of EBV+ cancer was detected in men, of which 76.2% were older than 50 years. diffuse and intestinal adenocarcinomas in EBV+ cancer accounted for 6 (46.2%) and 5 (38.5%) cases, respectively. MSI occurred in almost equal proportions in men and women (n = 10; 47.6%, n = 11; 52.4%), with a predominance of intestinal histological type (71.4%) and lesion of the lesser curvature (28.6%). One case of EBV+ cancer was diagnosed with the E545K variant in the PIK3CA gene. A combination of variants in the KRAS and PIK3CA genes was found in all MSI cases. The EBV+ subtype was associated with a better prognosis. Overall five-year survival rates for MSI and EBV+ cancers were 100.0 and 54.7%, respectively.
Involvement of the <i>Gagr</i> Gene, a Domesticated <i>gag</i> Gene of Retrovirus, in the Stress Response Pathway in Different <i>Drosophila</i> Species
Authors: Gigin A. N. , Nefedova L. N. 
Published: April 2024

The Gagr gene is a domesticated gag retroelement gene in Drosophila melanogaster, whose function is associated with a stress response. The protein products of the Gagr gene and its homologues in different Drosophila species have a highly conserved structure; however, they demonstrate a certain variability in the promoter region of the gene, apparently associated with the gradual acquisition of a new function and involvement in new signaling pathways. In this work we studied the effect of oxidative stress caused by ammonium persulfate on the survival of various species of the genus Drosophila (D. melanogaster, D. mauritiana, D. simulans, D. yakuba, D. teissieri, D. pseudoobscura), analyzed the correlation between the structure of promoter regions and stress-induced changes in the expression of the Gagr gene and its homologues in different Drosophila species and comparison of stress-induced changes in the expression of oxidative stress markers: Jak-STAT signaling pathway activator gene upd3, Jak-STAT pathway effector vir-1, and signaling pathway target IMD Rel. It was found that in D. simulans and D. mauritiana sensitivity to ammonium persulfate is significantly increased, which correlates with a reduced level of transcription of vir-1 gene orthologues. The latter is due to a decrease in the number of binding sites for the transcription factor STAT92E, a component of the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, in the vir-1 promoter region. Consistent changes in the expression of the Gagr, upd3, vir-1 genes are observed in all species of the melanogaster subgroup, except D. pseudoobscura, which indicates an increase in the role of Gagr in the regulation of stress response pathways during the phylogenesis of the genus Drosophila.
Identification of Functionally Significant Polymorphic Variants in miRNA Genes in Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Zarubin A. A. , Mannanova K. V. , Koroleva I. A. , Sleptсov A. A. , Kuznetsov M. S. , Kozlov B. N. , Nazarenko M. S. 
Published: April 2024

miRNAs are vital molecules of gene expression. They are involved in the pathogenesis of various common diseases, including atherosclerosis, its risk factors and complications. A detailed characterization of the spectrum of functionally significant polymorphisms of miRNA genes of patients with advanced carotid atherosclerosis is an actual research task. We analyzed miRNA expression and exome sequencing data of carotid atherosclerotic plaques of the same male patients (n = 8, 66–71 years of age, 67‒90% degree of carotid artery stenosis). For further study and analysis of the association between rs2910164 polymorphism of the MIR146A gene and advanced carotid atherosclerosis, we recruited 112 patients and 72 relatively healthy Slavic residents of Western Siberia. 321 and 97 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were detected in the nucleotide sequences of pre- and mature miRNAs in carotid atherosclerotic plaques. These variants were located in 206 and 76 miRNA genes, respectively. Integration the data of exome sequencing and miRNA expression revealed 24 SNVs of 18 miRNA genes which were processed to mature form in carotid atherosclerotic plaques. SNVs with the greatest potential functional significance for miRNA expression predicted in silico were rs2910164:CG (MIR146A), rs2682818:AC (MIR618), rs3746444:AG (MIR499A), rs776722712:CT (MIR186), rs199822597:GA (MIR363). The expression of miR-618 was lower in carotid atherosclerotic plaques of patients with the AC rs2682818 genotype of the MIR618 gene compared with the CC genotype (log2FC = 4.8; p = 0.012). We also found the association of rs2910164:C (MIR146A) with the risk of advanced carotid atherosclerosis (OR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.43–3.85; p = 0.001). Integrative analysis of polymorphism in miRNA genes and miRNA expression is informative for identifying functionally significant polymorphisms in miRNA genes. The rs2682818:AC (MIR618) is a candidate for regulating miRNA expression in carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The rs2910164:C (MIR146A) is associated with the risk of advanced carotid atherosclerosis.
Overexpression of <i>MKRN2</i> Inhibits the Growth of Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Jiang F. Z. , Xia Q. J. , Wu L. , Zhang Y. M. 
Published: April 2024

Ovarian cancer has a high mortality with low five-year survival rates. The role of the E3 ligase Makorin ring finger protein 2 (MKRN2) in ovarian cancer is unknown. This study investigated the impact of MKRN2 on the growth of ovarian cancer. MKRN2 expression in ovarian cancer tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Overexpression of MKRN2 was induced in two ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and CAOV3) by lentivirus transfection, and expression levels were verified by western blotting. Proliferation and growth were determined by CCK-8 and colony formation assays, while migration was examined using transwell assays and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Xenograft tumors of transfected SKOV3 cells were established in mice, and immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays measured MKRN2 levels and apoptosis in tumor cells. Reduced levels of MKRN2 in cancerous tissue relative to non-cancerous ovarian tissues. Lentiviral-based MKRN2 overexpression in SKOV3 and CAOV3 cells reduced tumor-associated behavior while inducing apoptosis in vitro. In xenograft tumors, MKRN2 overexpression inhibited ovarian cancer growth and increased apoptosis in vivo. These findings imply the MKRN2 involvement in ovarian carcinogenesis and suggest its potential for treating the disease.
Random Integration Analysis of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 6 Packaged in Sf9 Insect Cells
Authors: Zhang M. H. , Liu X. M. , Zhang C. 
Published: April 2024

Recently, there have been growing concerns over the integration of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) used in gene therapy. Wild-type adeno-associated virus (AAV) site specifically integrates into AAVS1 site of human genome, while rAAV randomly integrates into host chromosomes at low frequencies. This research aims to study the random integration events of rAAV6-EGFP packaged in Sf9 insect cells. Baculo-Sf9 manufacturing platform has the advantages of high-density suspension culture of Sf9 insect cells and large-scale production of rAAV vectors. In this study, we used different doses of Baculo-Sf9 produced rAAV6-EGFP to transduce HEK293T cells and A549-implanted tumors in vitro and in vivo. Using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, we studied their EGFP gene expression efficiencies and EGFP fluorescence intensities. Using inverse nested PCR and DNA sequencing, random integration sites of rAAV6-EGFP genome into human chromosomes were identified. In vitro results showed that gene expression efficiencies became stable after 20 days and random integration frequencies were 0.2‒4.2%. Both in vitro and in vivo results indicated that random integration of Baculo-Sf9 rAAV6 was dose-dependent. Sequencing results showed two random integration sites, which were on human chromosomes 8 and 12. The findings suggest that we should use as low dose of rAAV vector as possible for safe gene therapy.
Evaluation of Suspended Matter Content in the Coastal Zone of the Northeastern Part of the Black Sea by Relative Transparency
Authors: Konovalov B. V. 
Published: April 2024

Based on the materials of 20 expeditions of the IO RAS conducted in various areas of the coastal zone of the Russian sector of the Black Sea in the period from 1999 to 2021, empirical equations the relationship between the relative transparency (depth of visibility of the white disk Zd) and the mass concentrations of the total suspended matter-SM and its mineral – SMM and organic – POM fractions (Csm, Csmm and Csom, respectively) were obtained. The values of Zd were recorded in the range from 0.1 to 21 m, the concentrations of SMM – from 0.11 to 104 mg/L, POM – from 0.09 to 2.0 mg/l and chlorophyll a (Ca) – from 0.03 to 4.4 mcg/l. The relative abundance of the POM in the suspension ranged from 1.1 to 48.7%. The estimation of the error in the calculations according to these equations is carried out. The coefficients of determination r2 = 0.85 (for lgCsm and lgCsmm ) and 0.72 ( for lg Csom). The influence of the concentration of POM – on the accuracy of the calculation of Csmm and the concentration of chlorophyll a on the accuracy of the calculation of Csom was revealed. It is concluded that it is possible to use empirical formulas related to the entire array to calculate the concentrations of these fractions of suspension in the entire studied water area. It is proposed to consider the method of estimating the content of suspension fractions based on the obtained empirical equations as a regional variant of the method of passive sounding of the upper layer of the sea using a white disk.
Solubility of BaSO<sub>4</sub> in Standard and Desalinated Seawater
Authors: Savenko A. V. , Savenko V. S. , Pokrovsky O. S. 
Published: April 2024

The solubility of BaSO4 in seawater with a salinity of 0.35–35‰ was experimentally determined. With an increase in salinity from 0.35 to 10‰, the equilibrium concentration of dissolved barium decreases from 42 to 28 μg/L, remains at the level of ~28 μg/L in the salinity range from 10 to 25‰, and increases to 30.7 μg/L at the salinity of 35‰. When the concentration of dissolved barium in the river runoff is higher than 40–45 μg/L, BaSO4 can precipitate in the mixing zone of river and sea waters, most likely with the participation of living organisms. When the concentration of dissolved barium in the river runoff is below 40–45 μg/L, its additional source in the mixing zone of river and sea waters can be the dissolution of suspended BaSO4, but presence of the latter in the composition of removed terrigenous material is unlikely and is not detected by direct observations.
New Species of the Superfamily Palaeotextularioidea Galloway (Foraminifera) from the Upper Visean–Serpukhovian (Lower Carboniferous) of the East European Platform
Authors: Sakhnenko K. V. 
Published: April 2024

Foraminifera of the superfamily Palaeotextularioidea Galloway, 1933 from the Upper Visean–Serpukhovian of the Moscow syneclise and Volga-Ural anteclise, that play a significant role on biostratigraphy and interregional correlation of the Lower Carboniferous of Eurasia, have been studied. Seven new species are described: Consobrinellopsis angustocuneata sp. nov., C. mstikhinensis sp. nov., Koskinotextularia densissima sp. nov., K. tumidaeformis sp. nov., Palaeotextularia cylindrica sp. nov., Cribrostomum planocameratum sp. nov., C. alekseevi sp. nov.
New Radiolarian Species of the Genus <i>Patellula</i> Kozlova from the Turonian–Maastrichtian Sections of Cyprus and Crimea
Authors: Bragina L. G. 
Published: April 2024

Numerous representatives of the Genus Patellula Kozlova, 1972 were studied from the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Perapedhi, Kannaviou and Lefkara formations (Cyprus). Two new species were described: Patellula mangaleniensis sp. nov. and P. solaris sp. nov. The species P. mangaleniensis was found in the Crimea within Afens perapediensis Zone (upper part of upper Santonian). The earliest representatives of Patellula euessceei Empson-Morin, 1981 were for the first time found in the Upper Cretaceous of the Crimea, within Actinomma (?) belbekense Zone (upper part of middle Turonian–upper Turonian), while the latest representatives of P. euessceei were for the first time detected in the Maastrichtian of Cyprus. The stratigraphic ranges of Patellila euessceei and Genus Patellula are expanded.
Rhizolites and Signs of Pedogenesis from Upper Permian of Central Russia
Authors: Mizintsev D. S. , Karasev E. V. , Sennikov A. G. 
Published: April 2024

The remains of fossil roots (rhizolithes) of two morphotypes (M1 and M2) from Upper Permian deposits near the town of Vyazniki in the east of the Vladimir region are described. In the section, M1 rhizolites are vertically oriented and are represented by several types of preservation: rhizocretions, imprints of the roots surface and root petrifactions. The study of transverse and longitudinal sections of ferruginized root fragments showed that among the rhizolites there are three types of structure of the central conducting beam (stele). On two rhizolites, it was noticed that the places of branch of the lateral roots are located by four rhizostiches, which indicates a tetrarch type of stele for these roots. The discovery of the remains of root systems in an upright position and without any traces of transportation indicate the first stages of primary soil formation. M2 rhizolites are a network of finely intertwined roots. New findings of in situ rhizoliths are significantly complement our understanding the Late Permian paleoenvironments and paleoecosystems in the center of the Russian Platform.
Soil Biophilic Elements (С, N, Р) and Microbial Respiration Activity in Forest Parks of Moscow and Rural Forests
Authors: Ananyeva N. D. , Khatit R. Yu. , Ivashchenko K. V. , Sushko S. V. , Gorbacheva A. Yu. , Dolgikh A. V. , Kadulin M. S. , Sotnikova Yu. L. , Vasenev V. I. , Komarova A. E. , Yudina A. V. , Dovletyarova E. A. 
Published: April 2024

In six forest parks of Moscow and four rural forests (5 plots each, n = 50), soil physical, chemical and microbial properties of the upper 10 cm layer were assessed in combination to vegetation properties. The content of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in soil and microbial biomass was determined. It was revealed that soil density, pH value, content of N–\({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - },\) Ca and heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn) increase in forest parks compared to rural forests. In the soil of the forest parks, a decrease in the content of microbial biomass C (Cmic), its basal respiration (BR), and microbial C- and N-availability (Cmic/C, Nmic/N, BR/C) was noted. The changes of soil microbial properties are mainly driven by the abundance of leaf litter and the content of available soil C (13–35% of the explained variance). The microbial response to the soil enrichment by low molecular weight organic substrates (carbohydrates, carboxylic and phenolic acids, amino acids, amino sugars) in forest parks and rural forests did not differ significantly. In the soils of forest parks, no changes in microbial mineralization and immobilization of P (Pmic, Pmic/P) were found as well. The impact of urbanization on the forest ecosystems has led mainly to a decrease in the intensity of processes associated with soil C and N cycles. Apparently, such changes are caused by the recreational activity and the management practice of green spaces in the city, which leads, in particular, to a decrease in the amount of forest litter in parks compared to rural forests.
Soil-Agrochemical Aspects of Remediation of Nickel-Contaminated Soil Using Growth-Promoting Rhizosphere Bacteria
Authors: Shabayev V. P. , Ostroumov V. E. 
Published: April 2024

In pot experiments, the effect of introducing rhizospheric bacteria promoting plant growth on the yield and chemical composition of spring wheat when grown in humus horizon of the Luvic Retic Greyzemic Phaeozems (Loamic) soil artificially contaminated with a water-soluble nickel compound was studied. Application of P. fluorescens 20, P. fluorescens 21, and P. putida 23 bacteria increased plant resistance to elevated nickel concentration and increased yields, significantly reducing or completely eliminating heavy metal phytotoxicity. The resistance of plants to impact of nickel stress when using bacteria is due to: a) stimulation of root growth and an increase in the accumulation of nickel in the root system, b) improvement in the mineral nutrition of plants – an increase in uptake of biophilic elements from contaminated soil due to an increase in yield, in general, without significant changes in the content of the most elements in plants, including grain. Application of bacteria increased uptake of nickel from the soil by above-ground organs of plants, thereby enhancing phytoextraction – purification from heavy metal and, consequently, soil remediation. The distribution of nickel in soil in fractions isolated by the method of consecutive selective extractions has been established. In the first half of the growing season, application of bacteria increased the content of nickel in the soil, mainly in the exchangeable and specifically sorbed fractions and, to a lesser extent, in fractions associated with organic matter and ferruginous minerals, and decreased content of the metal in the residual fraction. Increase of nickel accumulation in plants in application of bacteria corresponded to increased heavy metal content in soil, mainly in the composition of compounds associated with exchangeable and specifically bound fractions. At full maturity of plants, no significant changes were found in fractional composition of Ni in the soil. Application of bacteria can be recommended in the development of strategies for remediation of nickel-contaminated soils based on environmentally friendly technologies.