bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight Loss Before Total Hip Arthroplasty Was Not Associated with Decreased Postoperative Risks
Authors: Seward Michael W. , Grimm Jessica A. , Hannon Charles P. , Bedard Nicholas A. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Many surgeons use body mass index (BMI) cutoffs when offering total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, little is known about who loses weight before THA, and if weight loss improves outcomes. This study determined how many patients lost weight before primary THA, identified predictors of preoperative weight loss, and evaluated whether preoperative weight loss was associated with improved outcomes.

Methods:
Among 53,038 primary THAs that were performed between 2002 and 2019, we identified 2,463 patients who had a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 (measured 1 to 24 months before surgery) and had their weight measured at the time of surgery. The mean age was 66 years; 47% were women. The mean BMI was 35 kg/m2. Nonparametric models evaluated potential associations with weight loss. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the impact of preoperative weight change on hospital length of stay, discharge disposition, operative time, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), complications, revision, and reoperation. The mean follow-up was 5 years.

Results:
Overall, 17% of the patients gained >5 pounds (2.27 kg), 38% maintained their weight, 16% lost 5 to <10 pounds (4.54 kg), 17% lost 10 to <20 pounds (9.07 kg), and 12% lost ≥20 pounds before THA. Only 28% of patients with a preoperative BMI of ≥40 kg/m2 achieved a BMI of <40 kg/m2 by the time of surgery; those who did required a mean of 1.3 years to lose the weight. In multivariable analyses, there were no significant improvements in operative time, length of stay, and discharge disposition, or survivorship free of PJI, complication, revision, or reoperation for any weight-loss category when compared with those who maintained their weight.

Conclusions:
Only 12% of patients lost ≥20 pounds, and only 28% of patients with a BMI of ≥40 kg/m2 achieved a BMI of <40 kg/m2 before primary THA. There was no decrease in complications, revisions, or reoperations for any preoperative weight-loss category when compared with those who maintained their weight. While weight loss benefits overall health, the results of this study call into question whether preoperative weight loss alone is enough to reduce postoperative complications for most patients.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Nonclassical growth of immiscible high-entropy materials
Authors: Li Zhaosheng , Zhang Yuanming , Li Yang , Xu Xiaoming , Chen Yong , Li Zhonghua , Yan Xuexi , Zou Zhigang , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The thermodynamic instability of phase separation in multi-metal crystal growth has been a long-standing challenge. Therefore, overcoming miscibility obstacle due to high lattice symmetry without extremely high temperatures has been elusive. Here, we developed a general nonclassical growth route to address metal miscibility under mild conditions, which was ascribed to in-plane atomic attachment due to the supersaturated confinement effect of the thermosensitive superstructure (TSS) substrate, a metastable intermediate. The structure exhibits an oscillatory growth pattern and evolves from short-range order to medium-range order, allowing significant reduction in the binding energy of surface heteroatoms. This prevents individual atoms from collapsing into a disordered state under the heat generated upon binding. We confirmed adsorbate-substrate interactions via an inverted volcano trend scaling relationship from 28 metals based on thousands of scale active learning calculations. As a proof of principle, we synthesized both high-entropy single atoms with anti-sintering temperatures exceeding 1200 K and highly-conductive high-entropy metallenes sheathing extremely immiscible elements. These revelations forge a new frontier for high-entropy materials, holding profound implications for interdisciplinary scientific progresses.
Bioengineered ferritin-based LYTAC platform for tumor-targeted therapy
Authors: Fan Kelong , Zhang Shuai , Jin Yiliang , Hou Yaxin , Tang Guoheng , Wang Zhuoran , Chen Xuehui , Yan Xiyun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Lysosome-targeted chimeras (LYTACs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents because of their ability to degrade pathogenesis-related proteins. However, the current LYTAC systems often require considerable effort for individual construction and are devoid of a convenient and efficient modular platform. Here, we developed a modular human heavy chain ferritin (HFn)-based LYTAC platform by harnessing its unique protein cage structure and its capacity for endocytosis into lysosomes via tumor-specific overexpression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1). This LYTAC platform consists of two components: a bioengineered HFn-based scaffold with optimized binding affinity for TfR1 and an affibody against a protein of interest (POI), which can be conveniently and stably conjugated through the SpyTag-SpyCatcher system. A series of HFn-LYTACs were constructed with the capacity to efficiently degrade different POIs, including epidermal growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and programmed death-ligand 1. Further investigations indicated that the HFn-LYTAC platform mediated the degradation of POI through two distinct mechanisms: a TfR1-dependent endocytic pathway and multivalent interactions between HFn-LYTAC and POI. In vivo experiments demonstrated that HFn-LYTACs effectively inhibited tumor progression while maintaining favorable biosafety profiles. Therefore, the modular HFn-LYTAC platform represents a versatile, efficient, and promising strategy for tumor-targeted therapy.
Drought and Agricultural Prices in Mexico
Authors: Hernández-del-Valle Adrián , Kimura Herbert , Bustamante Mario Duran , Alataş Sedat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
This study investigates the relationship between meteorological conditions and agricultural economics in Mexico from 1988 to 2024, with a focus on the impact of drought conditions measured by the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) on agricultural prices, as indicated by the Agricultural Consumer Price Index (Agro CPI).
Methods:
Using SPI values over one-month and 24-month periods, we conducted a cluster analysis to examine how precipitation variability affects agricultural prices. The Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) was employed for this analysis due to its efficiency with large datasets and minimal parameter requirements.
Results:
The analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between prolonged drought periods and Agro CPI, especially in drought-prone clusters. The study found that the effects of drought on agricultural prices are cumulative, with the full impact appearing over successive growing seasons. The 24-month SPI was determined to be a better predictor of the long-term effects of drought on Agro CPI than the one-month SPI.
Conclusion:
These findings underscore the importance of considering long-term drought impacts in agricultural planning and market forecasting, highlighting critical insights for policymakers and stakeholders involved in agriculture and food security.
Capturing Failure Mechanisms in Vanadium Oxide Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Li Zhi , Xie Xuesong , Yang Yang , Li Yifan , Rohit Sinha , Tan Xuehai , Jiang Keren , Xie Minggang , Chen Ning 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) attract increasing attention as alternative energy storage technologies due to their merits of safety and low cost. However, the continuous dissolution of active materials in vanadium oxide-based ZIBs has posed an unavoidable challenge. Here, we systematically analyzed the dissolution mechanism using both ex-situ and in-situ methods. Experimental and theoretical analyses revealed an excessive reduction in vanadium valence following H+ insertion at potentials above 1.0 V (vs. Zn2+/Zn), primarily contributing to vanadium dissolution rather than Zn2+ insertion. Protons preferentially form monodentate coordination with oxygen, increasing local electron density around V atoms and facilitating more electron transitions from 1s to higher-energy 3d states. This leads to a pronounced reduction in V-valence and V-O bond breakage. Specifically, interlayer-inserted H+ exhibits the highest dissolution energy due to its significant binding energy compared to Zn2+ and surface-inserted H+. As a proof of concept, without additives or cathode modifications, electrochemical improvements in Zn/NH4V4O10 and Zn/V2O5 batteries were achieved by reducing the cut-off voltage or increasing current density at high voltage to directly inhibit H+ insertion or promote the favorable surface-dominant H+ insertion. We contend that understanding the chemistry and electrochemistry-related failure mechanisms are crucial for designing Adv. Mater. and their applications.
Integrated multi-omics analyses reveal causal insights into the molecular landscape of urologic cancers
Authors: Xiang Chongjun , Yang Xiaoyu , Wu Shuang , Han Zhe , He Hongjie , Li Yue , Cui Xin , Mi Jia , Tian Geng , Xu Fuyi , Zhu Yanping , Lin Chunhua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Urologic cancers continue to present an ongoing challenge to human health, underscoring the necessity for a systematic exploration of their underlying mechanisms. Hence, we employed a multi-omics Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to infer potential pathogenic genes and unravel the associated mechanisms.
Methods
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics on urologic cancers, along with expression quantitative trait loci (QTLs), DNA methylation QTLs, and protein QTLs were employed for summary data-based MR (SMR), colocalization, and transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) analysis to identify putative causal genes. Additionally, metabolites GWAS summary statistics from both blood and urine were analyzed by two-sample MR method to uncover potential relationships with the risk of urologic cancers.
Results
A total of 15 genes from blood were identified related to prostate cancer (PCa) risk using SMR, colocalization, and TWAS analysis, with C10orf32, MARVELD1, UHRF1BP1, and POLI were being replicated in tissue SMR analysis. Additionally, 15 genes were prioritized as potential causal genes with their methylation regulatory, encompassing both well-established genes (NSUN4, FAAH, and SIK2) as well as novel candidates, such as HAAO, and UHRF1BP1. Furthermore, four metabolites, including phenyllactate, N-lactoyl phenylalanine, indolelactate, and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, were positively associated with PCa risk. For bladder cancer, its risk was associated with the expression variation of GSTM1, BTNL8, and BTNL9 and PSCA methylation.
Conclusion
This integrative approach not only enhances our understanding of the complex molecular landscape underlying urologic cancers but also opens up new avenues for future precision medicine and personalized treatment strategies.
Interspecies interaction alters the trajectory of antibiotic resistance evolution
by amplifying negative fitness epistasis
Authors: Warsi Omar , Muzafar Suraya , Nair Ramith , Andersson Dan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Interspecies interactions can influence the physiology of competing species, shaping
their long-term evolutionary trajectories. While the role of interspecific competition in
community dynamics is well-documented, its impact on evolutionary outcomes and
their underlying mechanisms is less explored. Here, we investigate how interspecies
competition affects antibiotic resistance evolution in the gut pathogen Salmonella
enterica within synthetic microbial communities. Specifically, we examine how the
presence of an interspecific competitor, Escherichia coli—a key member of the
human gut microbiota—modulates resistance evolution at low streptomycin
concentrations. Our findings reveal that interspecies competition results in the
selection of S. enterica mutants with higher resistance levels and fitness costs. By
analyzing resistant mutants (ten each isolated from conditions with and without
interspecies competition), we demonstrate that interspecific competition increases
the likelihood of accumulating resistance mutations that follow a trajectory of
negative fitness epistasis, requiring larger changes in resistance for smaller gains in
fitness. We show that this effect is driven by the activation of starvation response
pathways in S. enterica, leading to enhanced expression of the cryptic
aminoglycoside transferase gene (aadA). Our study links antibiotic resistance
evolution to competition-induced physiological changes, emphasizing the interplay
between interspecies interaction and genetic adaptation to environmental conditions.
Thermal treatments modulate the multiscale structure of chestnut starch: A focus on the relationship with the gut microbiota composition
Authors: Yang Fang , Cai Jiale , Zhou Yuchen , Wei Dong , Xie Chenyang Y. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of thermal treatments, often required in the processing of chestnut native starch (CNS), on their multi-scale structure, digestive characteristics and intestinal microbial metabolism of chestnut starch. CNS was treated by dry heat (DH), heat moisture (HM), and high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) to obtain thermal treated chestnut native starch (TT-CNS). The results showed that three treatments exhibited different effects on the crystal structure of starch, and HM and HTHP treatment promoted the formation of looser and more poriferous structure of chestnut starch, while DH treatment could enhance the amylose double-helix structure, resulting in a more compact starch structure. Hence, only CNS-DH showed slight resistance during the initial stages of digestion compared to CNS, while other groups demonstrated better digestibility. Besides, gut microbiota analyses demonstrated that the increases in the relative abundance of several beneficial bacteria were observed in CNS and TT-CNS groups, including Parabacteroides and Limosilactobacillus, and the decreases in the relative abundance of few harmful bacteria were also existed, such as Clostridium sensu stricto and Peptostreptococcaceae. All these results indicated that thermal treatment might enhance the health benefits of chestnut starch and DH exhibited a certain anti-digestive effect, which was conducive to the stability of blood sugar. Here, the research results provided a theoretical guidance for the development of functional foods containing chestnut starch.
Diffractive Magic Cube Network with Super-high Capacity Enabled by Mechanical Reconfiguration
Authors: Feng Peijie , Liu Fubei , Liu Yuanfeng , Chong Mingzhe , Zhang Zongkun , Zhao Qian , Sun Jingbo , Zhou Ji , Tan Yunhua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Multiplexing and dynamic reconfigurable metasurfaces have been extensively studied to enhance optical system capacity in response to the challenges posed by the exponential growth of optical information. Among them, the mechanically reconfigurable strategy offers a cost-effective and low-complexity approach for capacity enhancement. However, the channel numbers achieved in current studies are insufficient for practical applications because of inadequate mechanical transformations and suboptimal optimization methods. In this article, a diffractive magic cube network (DMCN) is proposed to advance the multiplexing capacity of mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces. We utilized the deep diffractive neural network (D2NN) model to jointly optimize the subset of channels generated by the combination of three mechanical operations, permutation, translation, and rotation. The 144-channel holograms, 108-channel single-focus/multi-focus, and 60-channel orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam/comb generation were numerically achieved and experimentally validated using a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a reflective mirror. Our strategy not only provides a novel paradigm to improve metasurface capacity to super-high level with low crosstalk, but also paves the way for new advancements in optical storage, computing, communication, and photolithography.
Exploring Opportunities for Using Citizen Science to Expand the Usability of Crop Diagnosis Tools in Uganda" to Discover Food
Authors: Camen Lisette , Kizit Rita , Martínez Estefanía Talavera , Owomugisha Godliver 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This study examines stakeholder participation in Uganda's cassava disease management systems, focusing on opportunities to enhance engagement through citizen science principles. Using the Agro Diagnosis Tool as a case study, we investigate current limitations in stakeholder participation and explore potential pathways for improvement. The research employed a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with farmers, technology developers, and agricultural experts to understand current participation patterns and perspectives on collaborative disease monitoring.
Findings reveal significant gaps in stakeholder engagement, despite strong interest from farmers in participating more actively in disease management efforts. While the Agro Diagnosis Tool has improved disease detection capabilities, its implementation follows traditional top-down approaches that limit meaningful stakeholder participation. The study identifies specific opportunities for integrating citizen science principles, particularly in disease mapping and knowledge sharing.
Based on these findings, we provide practical recommendations for enhancing stakeholder participation through a collaborative disease monitoring system that combines the Agro Diagnosis Tool's technological capabilities with citizen science approaches. The research suggests that such integration could improve disease surveillance while empowering farmers to be active participants in agricultural research and development. These findings contribute to broader discussions about stakeholder engagement in agricultural technology deployment and offer practical insights for implementing participatory approaches in disease management systems.
Structural Causes of Pattern Formation and Loss Through Model-Independent Bifurcation Analysis
Authors: O'Brien Liam D. , Dawes Adriana T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

During development, precise cellular patterning is essential for the formation of functional tissues and organs. These patterns arise from conserved signaling networks that regulate communication both within and between cells. Here, we develop and present a model-independent ordinary differential equation (ODE) framework for analyzing pattern formation in a homogeneous cell array. In con trast to traditional approaches that focus on specific equations, our method relies solely on general assumptions about global intercellular communication (between cells) and qualitative properties of local intracellular biochemical signal ing (within cells). Prior work has shown that global intercellular communication networks alone determine the possible emergent patterns in a generic system. We build on these results by demonstrating that additional constraints on the local intracellular signaling network lead to a single stable pattern which depends on the qualitative features of the network. Our framework enables the prediction of cell fate patterns with minimal modeling assumptions, and provides a powerful tool for inferring unknown interactions within signaling networks by analyzing tissue-level patterns.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 34A34, 24C14, 34C23, 92C15, 92C40, 92C42
Aristotle’s views on chance and their contemporary relevance
Authors: Dudley J. 
Published: February 2025

In this article I first set out Aristotle's explanation of chance as a term that refers to an event that occurs unusually and that appears significant in the context of the human search to achieve a goal. On this basis Aristotle argues against Democritus that the order in the universe could not be due to chance. Aristotle argues that all natural beings strive for their full potential and greatest possible development, and this is their way of striving for the goodness of God. And they strive for survival and to remain in their best condition for as long as possible, and this is their way of striving for the eternity of God. Chance abnormalities occur accidentally in this process. This view of Aristotle enables us to give a much more satisfactory explanation of the evolution of species than that put forward by Darwin and Neodarwinians. In the field of ethics Aristotle argues that a certain measure of good fortune is required for happiness and even for the performance of virtuous acts. Finally, Aristotle rejects determinism and supports his belief in free choice by means of the reality of accidental occurrences and indeterminism in the field of physics
Термин «случай» Аристотель употребляет в отношении тех событий, которые возникают необычным образом и которые людям кажутся важными в контексте тех целей, к которым они стремятся. Поэтому Аристотель, вопреки Демокриту, утверждает, что мир не может существовать благодаря случаю. Аристотель считает, что все существа в природе стремятся по мере сил к реализации заложенных в них возможностей, так выражая свое стремление к божественному благу. Они борются за выживание и стремятся как можно дольше сохранить себя, так выражая свое желание достичь божественной вечности. Случайные нерегулярности на их пути возникают в качестве акциденций. В некоторых отношениях Аристотель предлагает более удовлетворительное объяснение эволюции видов, нежели то, которое ассоциируется с Дарвином и неодарвинистами. В области этики Аристотель считает, что определенная доля удачи необходима для достижения счастья и даже для осуществления добрых дел. Наконец, Аристотель отвергает детерминизм, обосновывая свою веру в свободный выбор признанием реальности случайных событий и недетерминированности физического мира.
Philoponus on the soul-harmony theory
Authors: Sanchez C.L. 
Published: February 2025

The Neoplatonic commentaries on Aristotle’s works have always been considered somehow suspicious. That is partly related to the doctrinal commitments of the commentators, partly with the hermeneutical strategies to which they seem to recur. Both of these reasons have also give place to the accusation of distortion and misunderstanding of Aristotle’s philosophy. In the following paper I want to perform an exercise of disclosing the hermeneutical procedure that one of this commentators applies to one of the passages of the first book of the De Anima. The commentator is Philoponus, the passage is the refutation of the soul-harmony theory. My aim is to show that, despite the doctrinal commitments that the commentator may have, his methodology follows Aristotelian guidelines. I hope that this could open perspectives on the value that the commentators must have as philosophers, rather than merely interpreters or paraphrasers
Неоплатонические комментарии к трудам Аристотеля всегда вызывали определенные подозрения. Это отчасти связано с доктринальными предпочтениями их авторов, отчасти - с используемыми ими герменевтическими стратегиями. И в том и в другом случае это дает повод для обвинения их в неправильном толковании философии Аристотеля. В данной статье я предпринимаю попытку изучить герменевтические процедуры, которые неплатонический комментатор применяет в своем анализе одного места из первой книги трактата Аристотеля «О душе». Изучаемый текст касается опровержения теории о душе-гармонии. Мне удалось продемонстрировать, что, несмотря на доктринальные предпочтения, методология Филопона следует аристотелевским исходным установкам. Кроме того, мне представляется, что данная работа призвана показать ценность комментаторов в качестве философов, а не только в качестве интерпретаторов и авторов парафразов.