bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic relevance of qualitative proteinuria evaluated by use of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and comparison with renal histologic findings in dogs
Authors: Zini Eric , Bonfanti Ugo , Zatelli Andrea 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate results of SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) of urinary proteins for use in defining glomerular and tubulointerstitial derangements, investigate patterns of high-molecular-weight (HMW) proteins for differentiating among glomerular disorders, and assess low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteins as markers of severity of tubulointerstitial disease in dogs.Animals—49 dogs with increased serum creatinine concentrations or abnormal renal protein loss.Procedure—Urinary proteins were examined by use of SDS-AGE and differentiated on the basis of molecular weight. The HMW proteins (≥ 69 kd) were considered indicative of glomerular origin, whereas LMW proteins (< 69 kd) were of tubular origin. Renal specimens were examined by use of light microscopy. Glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions were differentiated by use of the classification for the World Health Organization and semiquantitative grading, respectively.Results—Sensitivity of SDS-AGE was 100% for detection of glomerular lesions and 92.6% for tubulointerstitial lesions; specificity was 40% and 62.5%, respectively. Although HMW urinary proteins were not significantly associated with the type of glomerular lesion, LMW urinary proteins were significantly associated with the grade of tubulointerstitial damage. Detection of 12- or 15-kd proteins or both was highly indicative of a severe tubulointerstitial lesion.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—SDS-AGE of urinary proteins in dogs represents a noninvasive test with high sensitivity for identifying glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, but low specificity limits its validity as a stand-alone test to differentiate between glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. The test is particularly useful for identifying dogs with advanced tubulointerstitial disease but cannot be used to characterize glomerular disorders. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:964–971)
Assessment of the effects of feed restriction and amino acid supplementation on glucose tolerance in llamas
Authors: Cebra, Christopher K. , Tornquist Susan J. , Jester Rebecca M , Stelletta Calogero 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess the effects of prolonged feed deprivation on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and lipid homeostasis in llamas.Animals—9 adult female llamas.Procedure—On each of 2 consecutive days, food was withheld from the llamas for 8 hours. Blood samples were collected before and 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after IV injection of dextrose (0.5 g/kg) for determination of plasma insulin and serum glucose, triglyceride, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations. Between experimental periods, the llamas received supplemental amino acids IV (185 mg/kg in solution). The llamas were then fed a limited diet (grass hay, 0.25% of body weight daily) for 23 days, after which the experimental procedures were repeated.Results—Feed restriction decreased glucose tolerance and had slight effects on insulin secretion in llamas. Basal lipid fractions were higher after feed restriction, but dextrose administration resulted in similar reductions in serum lipid concentrations with and without feed restriction. Insulin secretion was decreased on the second day of each study period, which lessened reduction of serum lipid concentrations but did not affect glucose tolerance.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Despite having a comparatively competent pancreatic response, feed-restricted llamas assimilated dextrose via an IV bolus more slowly than did llamas on full rations. However, repeated administration of dextrose reduced insulin secretion and could promote hyperglycemia and fat mobilization. These findings suggested that veterinarians should use alternative methods of supplying energy to camelids with long-term reduced feed intake or consider administering agents to improve the assimilation of glucose. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:996–1001)
Effects of exercise-induced stress and dexamethasone on plasma hormone and glucose concentrations and sedation in dogs treated with dexmedetomidine
Authors: Raekallio Marja R. , Kuusela Erja K. , Lehtinen Milla E. , Tykkylöinen Marja K. , Huttunen Pirkko , Westerholm Fia C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare the effects of pretreatment with dexamethasone, physical stress (exercise), or both on sedation and plasma hormone and glucose concentrations in dogs treated with dexmedetomidine (DEX).Animals—6 healthy purpose-bred Beagles.Procedure—Dogs received 4 treatments each in a randomized order prior to IV administration of DEX (5 µg/kg). Pretreatments were as follows: (1) IV administration of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and no exercise (control group); (2) IV administration of dexamethasone (0.05 mg/kg) and no exercise (DM group); (3) IV administration of saline solution and exercise (EX group; 15 minutes of trotting on a treadmill at a speed of 2 m/s); and 4) IV administration of dexamethasone and exercise (DM+EX group).Results—Following DEX administration, all dogs had similar times to recumbency and sedation index values, irrespective of pretreatment with dexamethasone or exercise. Plasma catecholamine concentrations decreased after DEX administration. Compared with control group dogs, plasma cortisol concentrations were higher in EX-group dogs prior to DEX administration and lower in DM- and DM+EX-group dogs following DEX administration. Administration of DEX decreased plasma cortisol concentration in EX-group dogs only. Plasma glucose concentration was not influenced by exercise or dexamethasone administration but was lower than baseline concentrations at 30 minutes after DEX administration and returned to baseline values by 90 minutes. Heart and respiratory rates and rectal temperature increased during exercise. After DEX administration, these values decreased below baseline values. The decrease in heart rate was of shorter duration in dogs that underwent pretreatment with dexamethasone, exercise, or both than in control group dogsConclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pretreatment with dexamethasone, moderate physical stress (exercise), or both did not influence sedation or cause adverse effects in healthy dogs treated with DEX. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:260–265)
Cloning and expression of type III collagen in normal and injured tendons of horses
Authors: Dahlgren Linda A. , Brower-Toland Brent D. , Nixon Alan J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To clone the 5' end of type III collagen
and describe its pattern of mRNA and protein expression
in normal and healing tendons in horses.

Animals—14 healthy adult horses.

Procedure—The tensile region of collagenase-injured
superficial digital flexor tendons was harvested at
intervals from 1 to 24 weeks after injury. Total RNA
was reverse-transcribed into cDNA for cloning and
sequencing of type III collagen. Equine-specific nucleic
acid probes were developed and used for northern
blot analysis and in situ hybridization. Type III collagen
protein and cyanogen bromide-cleaved collagen peptides
were assessedby gel electrophresis.

Results—Type III collagen mRNA expression and protein
content increased immediately after injury and
remained increased. Type III collagen was localized to
the endotenon in normal tendon and in injured tendon
at 1 week. At 8 and 24 weeks, expression became
more widely distributed throughout the tendon
parenchyma. Injured tendon contained 6 times more
type I than type III collagen mRNA. Quantities of type
III collagen protein were maximal in the first 4 weeks
after injury (approx 33%) and then began to decrease.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Type III collagen
expression is increased initially in endotenon and
subsequently in parenchyma of healing tendon; however,
type III remains the minor collagen throughout
the healing process. The role of type III collagen in
tendon healing is not fully elucidated. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:266–270)
Evaluation of architectural changes along the proximal to distal regions of the dorsal laminar interface in the equine hoof
Authors: Sarratt Suzanne M. , Hood David M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To describe architectural changes along
the dorsal laminar interface of the equine foot.

Sample Population—6 macroscopically normal
forefeet obtained from 6 equine cadavers.

Procedure—Histologic sections of 8 evenly spaced,
proximal to distal, samples of the dorsal laminar interface
were photographed, digitized, and examined for
differences in architecture. Laminar depth; secondary
laminar density; number and consistency of bifurcations
occurring within the secondary laminae, and
areas composed of primary dermal lamina, primary
epidermal lamina, and secondary laminar interface
were recorded. Data were examined to test for differences
in architecture associated with the proximal to
distal positioning of the sample.

Results—With exception of the areas of the primary
epidermal and primary dermal lamina, all measured
variables were significantly different between the
proximal and distal regions of the dorsal laminar interface.
Changes included increases in laminar depth
and the secondary laminar density. Bifurcation of secondary
laminae principally occurred proximally and
had an increased depth of bifurcation distally. The secondary
laminar dermal-epidermal interface had a
109% increase in area between the most proximal
and distal sections.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of
this study indicate that the interface normally contributes
a substantial volume of dermal components
to the internal surface of the wall. These data also
indicate that 2 distinct mechanisms (ie, bifurcation of
secondary laminae and an increase in the length of
secondary laminae) contribute to changes in the architecture
of the laminar interface, which allows for the
hypothesis that the normal laminar interface is capable
of responding to mechanical load. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:277–283)
Laboratory measures of hemostasis and fibrinolysis after intravenous administration of ϵ-aminocaproic acid in clinically normal horses and ponies
Authors: Heidmann Peter , Tornquist Susan J. , Qu Annie , Cebra Christopher K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether ϵ-aminocaproic acid (EACA) administered IV affects hemostasis and fibrinolysis in clinically normal horses and ponies.Animals—20 clinically normal adult horses and ponies.Procedures—Blood samples were collected 24 hours before (baseline) and 1 and 5 hours after IV administration of a low dose (30 mg/kg) or high dose (100 mg/kg) of EACA. Platelet count, fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), D-dimer concentration, α2-antiplasmin activity, and thrombin-antithrombin complex concentration were measured. Values at 1 and 5 hours were compared with baseline values.Results—1 hour after administration of a low dose of EACA, mean fibrinogen concentration was significantly lower than baseline concentration. Mean PTT was significantly shorter than the baseline value 5 hours after administration of a low dose of EACA. One hour after administration of 100 mg of EACA/kg, mean α2-antiplasmin activity was significantly higher than baseline activity. Mean fibrinogen concentration was significantly lower than baseline concentration 1 and 5 hours after administration of a high dose of EACA. Mean PTT was significantly shorter than the baseline value 5 hours after administration of a high dose of EACA.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IV administration of 30 and 100mg of EACA/kg to clinically normal horses significantly modified some laboratory measures of hemostasis, consistent with its known antifibrinolytic effects. Although enhanced clot maintenance and diminished bleeding were not directly assessed, the clinical use of EACA may benefit some patients. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:313–318)
Effects of dietary supplementation with sodium chloride on urinary relative supersaturation with calcium oxalate in healthy dogs
Authors: Lulich Jody P. , Osborne Carl A. , Sanderson Sherry L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation
with sodium chloride (NaCl) on urinary calcium
excretion, urine calcium concentration, and urinary
relative supersaturation (RSS) with calcium
oxalate (CaOx).

Animals—6 adult female healthy Beagles.

Procedure—By use of a crossover study design, a
canned diet designed to decrease CaOx urolith recurrence
with and without supplemental NaCl (ie, 1.2%
and 0.24% sodium on a dry-matter basis, respectively)
was fed to dogs for 6 weeks. Every 14 days, 24-
hour urine samples were collected. Concentrations of
lithogenic substances and urine pH were used to calculate
values of urinary RSS with CaOx.

Results—When dogs consumed a diet supplemented
with NaCl, 24-hour urine volume and 24-hour urine
calcium excretion increased. Dietary supplementation
with NaCl was not associated with a change in urine
calcium concentration. However, urine oxalate acid
concentrations and values of urinary RSS with CaOx
were significantly lower after feeding the NaCl-supplemented
diet for 28 days.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dietary supplementation
with NaCl in a urolith-prevention diet
decreased the propensity for CaOx crystallization in
the urine of healthy adult Beagles. However, until
long-term studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of
dietary supplementation with NaCl in dogs with CaOx
urolithiasis are preformed, we suggest that dietary
supplementation with NaCl be used cautiously. (Am J
Vet Res 2005;66:319–324)
Evaluation of the influence of S-adenosylmethionine on systemic and hepatic effects of prednisolone in dogs
Authors: Center Sharon A. , Warner Karen L. , McCabe Jennifer , Foureman Polly , Hoffmann Walter E. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the influence of a 1,4- butanedisulfonate stable salt of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) administered orally on clinicopathologic and hepatic effects induced by long-term administration of prednisolone in dogs.Animals—12 healthy dogs.Procedure—Following a pilot study (4 dogs), 2 groups of 4 dogs received prednisolone (2.2 mg/kg) orally once daily (84-day trial). One group received SAMe (20 mg/kg/d divided in 2 doses) for 42 days and then a placebo for 42 days; the other group received treatments in the reverse order. Before and during the trial, numerous variables were monitored, including serum total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glucocorticoid- induced ALP (G-ALP) activities, serum haptoglobin concentration, and total and oxidized glutathione (TGSH and GSSG) and thiobarbiturate-reacting substances (TBARS) concentrations in erythrocytes and liver tissue (days 0, 42, and 84). Hepatic specimens also were examined microscopically.Results—The stable salt of SAMe was biologically available; plasma concentrations of SAMe or prednisolone were not affected by coadministration. Compared with baseline values, serum ALP and GALP activities and haptoglobin concentrations increased and erythrocyte GSSG and TBARS concentrations decreased with both treatments. Erythrocyte TGSH concentration decreased with the prednisolone- placebo treatment. Administration of SAMe appeared to conserve erythrocyte TGSH values and did not inhibit hepatocyte glycogen vacuolation but increased hepatic TGSH concentration and improved the hepatic tissue GSSG:TGSH ratio.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In dogs, administration of 20 mg of SAMe/kg/d may mitigate the apparent pro-oxidant influences of prednisolone but did not block development of classic clinicopathologic or histologic features of vacuolar hepatopathy. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:330–341)
Comparison of hematologic and biochemical values for blood samples obtained via jugular venipuncture and via vascular access ports in cats
Authors: Henry Carolyn J. , Russell Lynn E. , Tyler Jeff W. , Buss Michael S. , Seguin Bernard , Cambridge Anthony J. , Moore Martine E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether hematologic and serum biochemical values for blood samples obtained from cats via vascular access ports (VAP) are comparable to those for samples obtained by direct venipuncture.Design—Prospective study.Animals—14 healthy cats.Procedure—A VAP was surgically implanted in a jugular vein in each cat. Blood samples were obtained from the VAP and by direct venipuncture of the contralateral jugular vein 10 weeks after VAP placement. Results of hematologic and serum biochemical analyses were compared by use of a pairedt-test. ThePvalue to reject the null hypothesis was adjusted to account for multiple comparisons by using the Bonferroni procedure in which the nominalP-to-reject value is divided by the number of comparisons (0.05/24 = 0.002).Results—Paired samples (VAP and venipuncture) obtained 10 weeks after VAP placement were evaluated for each cat. Of the 24 measured analytes, only potassium, total protein, and albumin concentrations differed significantly (P< 0.001 for all 3) between VAP and venipuncture samples.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that samples obtained from VAP are suitable for routine hematologic monitoring of feline cancer patients. Sample hemolysis may account for a slight increase in potassium, total protein, and albumin concentrations obtained from VAP samples. However, the values of variables most critical for monitoring of patients receiving chemotherapy (ie, mature neutrophil and platelet counts) are comparable. If proper techniques are used, VAP may be used for administration of chemotherapy as well as for blood collection in cats undergoing cancer treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:482–485)
Effect of feed withdrawal prior to slaughter on prevalence of gastric ulcers in pigs
Authors: Eisemann Joan H. , Morrow W. E. Morgan , See M. Todd , Davies Peter R. , Zering Kelly 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether withdrawing feed
from pigs prior to slaughter had any effects on prevalence
or severity of gastric ulcers.

Design—Split-plot design.

Animals—873 pigs.

Procedures—At the finishing barn, pigs were assigned
to 30 pens. Feed withdrawal times (0, 12, or 24 hours)
were assigned to pens at random, and pigs in each pen
were marketed in 3 groups over a period of 4 weeks.
The first marketing group consisted of the 10 heaviest
pigs in each pen, the second consisted of the next 10
heaviest, and the third consisted of all remaining pigs.
Feed was withheld from all pigs in each pen prior to
removal of each marketing group. Thus, feed was withheld
once, twice, or 3 times for pigs in the first, second,
and third marketing groups, respectively.

Results—Feed withdrawal time was not significantly
associated with ulcer score at the time of slaughter.
Ulcer scores and prevalence of chronic damage were
higher in the third marketing group, regardless of
feed withdrawal time. Prevalence of severe damage,
prevalence of chronic damage, and prevalence of
esophageal constriction increased as carcass weight
decreased. No pigs died of gastric ulceration.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that withdrawal of feed from pigs prior to slaughter
does not increase damage to the stomach and that
repeated feed withdrawal does not result in fatal gastric
ulceration. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:503–506)
Clinical, clinicopathologic, and radiographic findings in dogs with coccidioidomycosis: 24 cases (1995–2000)
Authors: Johnson Lynelle R. , Herrgesell Eric J. , Davidson Autumn P. , Pappagianis Demosthenes 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical, clinicopathologic, and radiographic abnormalities in dogs with coccidioidomycosis.Design—Retrospective case series.Animals—24 dogs.Procedure—Clinical information and results of clinicopathologic testing were obtained from medical records. Thoracic radiographs were reviewed to characterize abnormalities.Results—Dogs ranged from 1 to 10 years old at the time of diagnosis, with 12 dogs being between 1 and 3 years old. Historical complaints included cough, lameness, signs of head or neck pain, and difficulty breathing. Mild anemia, neutrophilia, and monocytosis were common. All dogs had hypoalbuminemia, and 8 of 15 had hyperglobulinemia. Thoracic radiographs of 19 dogs were reviewed. Pulmonary infiltrates were seen in 13 dogs, with an interstitial pattern of infiltration being most common. Hilar lymphadenopathy was seen radiographically in 10 dogs. Serum from 20 dogs was tested for antibodies againstCoccidioides immitis. One dog was positive for IgM antibodies, 5 were positive for IgM and IgG antibodies, and 14 were positive for IgG antibodies. Quantitative IgG titers measured in 14 dogs ranged from 1:2 to 1:128 (median and mode, 1:32). In 6 dogs, histologic examination of biopsy samples revealed fungal spherules ranging from 8 to 70 μm in diameter.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that in dogs, coccidioidomycosis may be associated with a wide spectrum of nonspecific respiratory and musculoskeletal abnormalities. The chronic nature of the disease makes diagnosis difficult, even in regions in which the organism is endemic. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:461–466)
Stress fractures of the tibia and humerus in Thoroughbred racehorses: 99 cases (1992–2000)
Authors: O'Sullivan Christopher B. , Lumsden Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical characteristics of and outcome in Thoroughbred racehorses with tibial or humeral stress fractures.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—99 Thoroughbreds with tibial or humeral stress fractures.Procedure—Information obtained from the medical records included history, signalment, and clinical, radiographic, and scintigraphic findings. Outcome was determined by interviewing trainers, performing follow- up examinations, and analyzing race records.Results—Seventy-four tibial stress fractures were identified in 61 Thoroughbreds, and 48 humeral stress fractures were identified in 39 Thoroughbreds (1 horse was included in both groups). Tibial stress fractures occurred most commonly in 2-year-old or unraced horses. Fractures were located in 1 of 3 sites in the tibia (most commonly, the caudolateral cortex of the mid-diaphysis) and 1 of 4 sites in the humerus (most commonly, the caudodistal cortex). Forty-four of 58 (76%) tibial stress fractures and 18 of 32 (56%) humeral stress fractures were identified radiographically. Humeral stress fractures involving the caudodistal cortex were not detected radiographically. Treatment consisted of rest and exercise restriction, and 49 of 61 (80%) horses with tibial stress fractures and 30 of 39 (77%) horses with humeral stress fractures returned to racing. Humeral stress fractures recurred in 6 horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that in Thoroughbred racehorses, tibial stress fractures occurred most commonly in unraced 2 year olds, whereas humeral fractures occurred most commonly in older horses that had raced previously. The prognosis for racing following treatment was good. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:491–498)