bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the drum: the mechanical basis for frequency discrimination in a Mediterranean cicada
Authors: Sueur Jérôme , Windmill James F. C. , Robert Daniel 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARY
Cicadas are known to use sound to find a mate. While the mechanism employed by male cicadas to generate loud calling songs has been described in detail,little information exists to explain how their ears work. Using microscanning laser Doppler vibrometry, the tympanal vibrations in the cicada Cicadatra atra are measured in response to acoustic playbacks. The topographically accurate optical measurements reveal the vibrational behaviour of the anatomically complex tympanal membrane. Notably, the tympanal ridge, a distinct structural element of the tympanum that is a link to the receptor cells, undergoes mechanical vibrations reminiscent of a travelling wave. In effect, the frequency for which the maximum deflection amplitude is observed regularly decreases from the apex to the base of the ridge. It is also shown that whilst female ears are mechanically tuned to the male's song, the male's tympanum is only partially tuned to its own song. This study establishes the presence of a peripheral auditory mechanism that can potentially process auditory frequency analysis. In view of the importance of acoustic signalling in cicadas, this unconventional tympanal mechanism may be employed in the context of species recognition and sexual selection.
Implantation of human keloid into athymic mice
Authors: Estrem Scott A. , Domayer Marylyn , Bardach Janusz , Cram Alvin E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn the interest of developing an animal model for keloids, human keloid dermis was implanted in the subcutaneous tissues of athymic (nude) mice. Subsequent growth resulted in a lesion with histology similar to the original keloid. Fibroblasts were cultured from keloid dermis. When the fibroblasts alone were implanted in the subcutaneous tissues of nude mice, growth of a visible lesion was again produced. The fibroblasts had proliferated and deposited collagen in an abnormal fashion with the histology resembling the parent keloid. Further research could develop this into a reliable animal model to allow in vivo experimentation.
Book Reviews
Authors: Tarr Carrie , Chackal Jane 
Published: October 2006

France on Film: Reflections on popular French cinema, edited by Lucy Mazdon, Wallflower Press 2001, 180 pp., 13.99 .
Viola Shafik, Arab Cinema: History and Cultural Identity, Cairo, The American University in Cairo Press, 1998, 255 pp., 19.95.
Book Reviews
Authors: Cook Manuela , Fernandes Tiago , Magone Jos 
Published: October 2006

Eullia Maria Lahmeyer Lobo, Imigrao portuguesa no Brasil, So Paulo: Editora Hucitec, 2001, 367 pp., ISBN 85-271-0566-7
Nancy Bermeo and Philip Nord (eds.), Civil society before democracy: lessons from nineteenth-century Europe, New York and Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield,
2000
Lus Nuno Rodrigues, Salazar-Kennedy: a crise de uma aliana. As relaes luso-americanas entre 1961 e 1963, Lisbon: Notcias, 2002, 343 pp., ISBN 972-46-1352-6
A novel route to perovskite lead titanate from lead and titanium glycolates via the sol–gel process
Authors: Tangboriboon N. , Jamieson A. M. , Sirivat A. , Wongkasemjit S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPure perovskite lead titanate powder (PbTiO3) is successfully produced via the sol–gel process using lead and titanium glycolates as starting precursors and has been synthesized by the oxide one spot synthesis process. The obtained lead titanate is of the tetragonal form of the perovskite phase, with high purity and nearly zero moisture content. From high‐resolution mass spectra, the XRD technique, Raman‐FTIR and TGA‐DTA analysis, the lead–titanium glycolates undergo sol–gel transition through the formation of PbOTi bonds. From the SEM micrographs, the PbTiO3 particle shape transforms from an agglomerate sphere to a needle and fiber‐like shapes as the calcination temperature is varied above Tc. The corresponding molecular structural transformation, from the tetragonal form to the cubic form, occurs at 430 °C. The lead titanate powder calcined at 300 °C for 3 h has the highest dielectric constant and electrical conductivity values, namely 17470 and 1.83 × 10−3, respectively. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Pincer” N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Rhodium Functionalised with Pyridyl and Bipyridyl Donors
Authors: Wright Joseph A. , Danopoulos Andreas A. , Motherwell William B. , Carroll Robert J. , Ellwood Simon , Saßmannshausen Jörg 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe “pincer”‐type carbene complexes Rh(C–N–C)Cl and Rh(C–N–N)Cl [C–N–C = 3,3′‐diaryl‐1,1′‐pyridine‐2,6‐diylbis(imidazol‐2‐ylidene), C–N–N = 1‐aryl‐3‐(2,2′‐bipyridin‐6‐yl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene] have been prepared and characterised by spectroscopic and diffraction methods. They bind CO to give cationic complexes but are inert to H2. Both oxidatively add CH2Cl2 to give octahedral RhIII complexes. Theoretical calculations provide insight into the bonding of the Rh(C–N–C)Cl and Rh(C–N–N)Cl complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The Relative Stabilities of 1,3‐Diphospha‐2‐silaallene and Some of Its Isomers
Authors: Pietschnig Rudolf , Orthaber Andreas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn ab initio investigation of the relative stability of 1,3‐diphospha‐2‐silaallenes (RP=Si=PR) with respect to potential isomers shows that the allene isomer is not the global minimum throughout a series of several substituents (R = H, SiH3, CH3, Ph, F) — the siladiphosphirene isomer is significantly more stable for all these substituents. The stability of the diphosphasilaallene relative to other isomers depends on the nature of the adjacent substituents. Thus, for simple carbon and silyl substituents alternative ring‐closed isomers are favored over the diphosphasilaallene, which, depending on the substituent, can show silylene or phosphasilene character. The results obtained at the DFT level are compared with those at other levels of theory for the parent system. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cadmium(II) and Zinc(II) Coordination Polymers with 1D Ladder and 2D Basket Weave Layer Structures Constructed from a New T‐Shaped Ligand
Authors: Yong Guoping , Qiao Shu , Xie Yu , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA novel imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐2‐one ligand, 3,3‐bis(carboxymethyl)imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐2‐one (H2L), was conveniently synthesized and acts as a three‐connecting T‐shaped building block. Hydrothermal treatment of the H2L ligand with Cd(ClO4)2·6H2O or Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O gives two new coordination polymers, [CdL(H2O)2]n (1) or [ZnL(H2O)]n (2). Compound 1 consists of a rare 1D ladder‐like chain and 2 is the first example of a polymer with a 2D basket weave network. Solid‐state photoluminescent analyses of 1 and 2 show that they display strong fluorescent emissions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Classical and Non‐Classical Ruthenium‐Based Anticancer Drugs: Towards Targeted Chemotherapy (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 20/2006)
Authors: Ang Wee Han , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe cover picture shows an organoruthenium antimetastasis compound, superimposed over a Sudoku puzzle, representing the challenge of discovering new anticancer drugs and elucidating their mechanisms of action. One needs to uncover pieces of information which are interrelated, and eventually, the complete ‘picture’ is revealed. In this review, we describe the extent to which the picture has been revealed for ruthenium‐based drugs, which are currently growing in interest as a result of recent successes in clinical trials. The emphasis is directed towards classifying the vast array of ruthenium compounds already evaluated in vitro and in vivo against primary and secondary cancers within the context of their probable target. It is hoped that on the basis of the picture presented here more of this intriguing puzzle will be revealed soon. Details are presented in the Microreview by W. H. Ang and P. J. Dyson on p. 4003 ff.
A Novel Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Potentiometric Determination of Mercury(II) Ion
Authors: Mashhadizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Talakesh Mehrzad , Peste Mahnaz , Momeni Ahmad , Hamidian Houshang , Mazlum Mohammad 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) based on a recently synthesized ligand of Ethyl‐2‐(benzoylamino)‐3‐(2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐propenoate (EBHMP) as a suitable carrier for Hg2+ ion was described. The electrode exhibit a super Nernstian slope of 48.5±1.0 mV per decade for Hg2+ ion over a wide concentration range from 3.0×10−7–3.1×10−2 M. The lower detection limits are 1.0×10−7 M Hg2+. The electrode has a fast response time (ca. 5 s), a satisfactory reproducibility and relatively long life time. The proposed sensor shows a fairly good selectivity toward Hg2+ ion in comparison to other common cations. The potentiometric responses are independent of the pH of the test solution in the pH range 1.0–4.0. The proposed electrode was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of mercuric ion with standard solution of EDTA. The direct determination of mercury in spiked wastewater and an amalgam sample gave results that compare favorably with those obtained by the cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometric method.
Simplified seismic design approach for steel portal frame piers with hysteretic dampers
Authors: Chen Zhiyi , Ge Hanbin , Kasai Akira , Usami Tsutomu 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA simplified seismic design procedure for steel portal frame piers installed with hysteretic dampers is proposed, which falls into the scope of performance‐based design philosophy. The fundamental goal of this approach is to design a suite of hysteretic damping devices for existing and new bridge piers, which will assure a pre‐defined target performance against future severe earthquakes. The proposed procedure is applicable to multi‐degree‐of‐freedom systems, utilizing an equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom methodology with nonlinear response spectra (referred to as strength‐demanded spectra) and a set of formulae of close‐form expressions for the distribution of strength and stiffness produced in the structure by the designed hysteretic damping devices. As an illustrative example, the proposed procedure is applied to a design of a simple steel bridge pier of portal frame type with buckling‐restrained braces (one of several types of hysteretic dampers). For the steel portal frame piers, an attempt is made to utilize not only the displacement‐based index but also the strain‐based index as pre‐determined target performance at the beginning of design. To validate this procedure, dynamic inelastic time‐history analyses are performed using the general‐purpose finite element program ABAQUS. The results confirm that the proposed simplified design procedure attains the expected performance level as specified by both displacement‐based and strain‐based indices with sufficient accuracy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser‐assisted electron emission from CVD nano‐graphite films
Authors: Lyashenko D. A. , Obraztsova E. D. , Obraztsov A. N. , Svirko Yu. P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe demonstrate that irradiation with nano‐second light pulses results in significant enhancement of the electron emission from nano‐graphite films. The observed emission current density is as high as 10 A/cm2 at applied field of 2 V/µm. The duration of the emission pulse depends on the applied DC voltage and laser intensity. However, in our experimental conditions, the temporal profile of the electron pulse nearly reproduces that of the incident laser pulse. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exciton Aharonov–Bohm effect and emission kinetics in nanorings
Authors: Grochol M. , Grosse F. , Zimmermann R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Aharonov–Bohm effect of excitons and their relaxation kinetics are investigated within the model of semiconductor nanorings of zero width. The kinetic equations where calculated deformation potential matrix elements for an acoustic phonon scattering are used as an input are solved for the steady state. Photoluminescence quenching is observed for stronger magnetic fields when electron and hole are spatially separated. The non‐radiative decay plays a decisive role. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature‐dependent self‐trapped exciton relaxation in alkali halides: molecular dynamics study
Authors: Song K. S. , Williams R. T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNew molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the relaxation of self‐trapped excitons (STE) in NaCl have been performed with a cluster size of 1055 atoms at temperatures in the range 15 K to 300 K. For the first time, significantly different relaxation end products are obtained at a given temperature depending on the choice of the intitial atomic positions and velocities. From 15 K to 65 K, either the STE or a Frenkel defect pair can be found at the end of a few picoseconds. Between 65 K and 150 K only Frenkel defects are found after the same interval. At 250 K and above, STEs and Frenkel defects are again both found as end products after a few picoseconds, presumably as a result of large amplitude atomic motions which hinder the coherent process to be discussed. Within a limited statistical basis, it has been possible to estimate a defect formation rate, which peaks around 100 K. The result is interpreted as an indication of stochastic resonance. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Degeneracy of confined D‐dimensional harmonic oscillator
Authors: Montgomery H. E. , Aquino N. A. , Sen K. D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUsing the mathematical properties of the confluent hypergeometric functions, the conditions for the incidental, simultaneous, and interdimensional degeneracy of the confined D‐dimensional (D > 1) harmonic oscillator energy levels are derived, assuming that the isotropic confinement is defined by an infinite potential well and a finite radius Rc. Very accurate energy eigenvalues are obtained numerically by finding the roots of the confluent hypergeometric functions that confirm the degeneracy conditions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Genetic susceptibility to rheumatic heart disease and streptococcal pharyngitis: association with HLA‐DR alleles
Authors: Haydardedeoğlu F. E. , Tutkak H. , Köse K. , Düzgün N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAcute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a systemic inflammatory disease that develops as a consequence of an exaggerated immune response to group A β‐haemolytic streptococci, which causes pharyngitis. Major manifestations of ARF include carditis, arthritis and chorea. Several investigators have attempted to establish a relation between ARF and human leucocyte antigens (HLA). Heterogeneity in various studies has been found, although associations with certain antigens were reported. The aim of this study was to analyse whether HLA‐DR alleles play a role in the resistance or susceptibility to streptococci‐related disorders including rheumatic heart disease (RHD) as a sequela of ARF and recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis in Turkish patients. The study included 102 patients with RHD, 71 persons with recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis and 130 healthy controls. HLA‐DR alleles were typed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–sequence‐specific primers. Positive association with HLA‐DRB1*07 allele was found for RHD when compared with healthy controls [29.4% vs 13.1%; P < 0.01, P‐corrected: P < 0.01, odds ratio (OR) 2.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43–5.26] and also for recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis (26.8% vs 13.1%; P < 0.05, P‐corrected: P < 0.05, OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.17–3.56). The frequency of HLA‐DRB1*11 allele was decreased in patients with RHD (23.5% vs 42.3%; P < 0.01, P‐corrected: P < 0.01, OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.24–0.75). Data suggest that HLA‐DRB1*07 allele may be a genetic factor in increasing the susceptibility to develop RHD and recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis. HLA‐DRB1*11 allele seems to be a protective factor against RHD.
The PediSedate® device, a novel approach to pediatric sedation that provides distraction and inhaled nitrous oxide: clinical evaluation in a large case series
Authors: DENMAN WILLIAM T. , TUASON PACIFICO M. , AHMED MOHAMMED I. , BRENNEN LORALIE M. , SOLEDAD CEPEDA M. , CARR DANIEL B. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryBackground:  Pediatric sedation is of paramount importance but can be challenging. Fear and anticipatory anxiety before invasive procedures often lead to uncooperativeness. A novel device (PediSedate®) provides sedation through a combination of inhaled nitrous oxide and distraction (video game). We evaluated the acceptability and safety of the PediSedate® device in children.Methods:  We enrolled children between 3 and 9 years old who were scheduled to undergo surgical procedures that required general inhalational anesthesia. After the device was applied, he/she played a video game while listening to the audio portion of the game through the earphones. Nitrous oxide in oxygen was administered via the nasal piece of the headset starting at 50% and increasing to 70%, in 10% increments every 8 min. Treatment failures, vital signs, arterial oxygen saturation, depth of sedation, airway patency, side effects, acceptance of the device and parental satisfaction were all evaluated.Results:  Of 100 children included, treatment failure occurred in 18% mainly because of poor tolerance of the device. At least 96% of the children who completed the study exhibited an excellent degree of sedation, 22% had side effects, and none experienced serious airway obstruction. Nausea and vomiting were the most common side effects and no patients had hemodynamic instability.Conclusions:  The PediSedate® device combines nonpharmacologic with pharmacologic methods of sedation. Most of the children we evaluated were able to tolerate the PediSedate® device and achieved an adequate degree of sedation.
ACETYL‐ AND BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF SELECTED BRAIN AREAS IN DEVELOPING RATS AFTER NEONATAL X‐IRRADIATION*
Authors: Maletta Gabe J. , Timiras Paola S. 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYAcetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in sensori‐motor cortex, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and brain stem were compared in normally developing Long‐Evans rats and after neonatal whole‐body exposure to 450 r X‐radiation. Enzyme activities were measured on three postnatal days: day 10, when brain is still immature; day 24, when it has reached functional and morphological maturity; and day 64, after sexual maturation. In controls, acetylcholinesterase and butyrycholinesterase activities increased with age in all areas, especially between 10 and 24 days; e.g., in sensori‐motor cortex acetylcholinesterase activity increased 60 per cent from 10 to 24 days and 12 per cent from 24 to 64 days. At all ages acetylcholinesterase activity was highest in the brain stern, followed in decreasing order by the hypothalamus, cerebellum, and sensori‐motor cortex. Butyrylcholinesterase activity was higher in subcortical than in cortical areas. In neonatally irradiated rats, acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly decreased in the ontogenetically newer structures at 10, but not at 64, days; in the hypothalamus, it remained normal at 10 days but was significantly decreased at 24 and 64 days. Butyrylcholinesterase activity was significantly decreased in some areas 1 week after radiation but returned to normal at 24 days. Total esterase activity in whole blood was signtficantly decreased at 10 days in irradiated rats but returned to control levels by the end of the experiment. The greatest post‐radiation decline in acetylcholinesterase activity (60 per cent below controls) did not result in spontaneous gross behaviour alterations, but may be related to disturbances in functional brain maturation evidenced by specific tests. If the role of acetycholine as a central neurotransmitter is accepted, these data suggest that radiation alters acetycholine/acetylcholinesterase ratios and thereby cholinergie synaptic transmission.
CONTROL OF GLYCOGEN LEVELS IN BRAIN1
Authors: Nelson S. R. , Schulz D. W. , Passonneau Janet V. , Lowry O. H. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract— Prolonged (6 hr) anaesthesia with phenobarbital in mice or rats results in a doubling or tripling of brain glycogen. Increases were also observed if high levels of plasma glucose were maintained for 6 hr. In alloxan diabetes brain glycogen was not elevated in spite of the high plasma glucose concentrations. However, administration of insulin to such diabetic animals, together with enough glucose to maintain high plasma levels, resulted in at least a doubling of brain glycogen in 6 hr. Phenobarbital can still increase brain glycogen in diabetic animals.In all of the conditions associated with increased glycogen deposition, increases were found in the ratio of brain glucose to plasma glucose. Cerebral glucose‐6‐P levels were also increased whereas there were no substantial changes in levels of UDP‐glucose or glucose‐1,6‐diphosphate.
STIMULATORY EFFECT OF γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID UPON AMINO ACID INCORPORATION INTO PROTEIN BY A RIBOSOMAL SYSTEM FROM IMMATURE RAT BRAIN1
Authors: Tewari S. , Baxter C. F. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—

GABAstimulated the incorporation of L‐[U‐14C]leucine, primarily into the particulate protein of a ribosomal system from immature rat brain, but not from immature rat liver.
The GABA effect required the presence of Na+ and occurred at GABA concentrations which are thought to be physiological (1–5 mM).
Of all other amino acids tested at tissue extract concentrations in the system, only glycine had a similar effect. No analogues of GABA tested had a significant stimulatory effect upon leucine incorporation into protein, with the exception of homocarnosine which was mildly stimulatory.
The effect of GABA upon the incorporation of L‐[U‐14C]leucine was examined in the presence of added amino acid substrates, both individually and as mixtures. Also, the incorporation of L‐[U‐14C]leucine was compared with incorporation of L‐[U‐14C]Iysine and L‐[U‐14C]phenylalanine. The results are discussed in terms of GABA interaction with activating, transfer and transport mechanisms of other amino acids, inhibition of proteinase activity, and the possibility that GABA is stimulating the synthesis or turnover of specific proteins in the brain ribosomal system.
The results illustrate the fact that studies of ‘protein synthesis’ in immature rat brain ribosomes, as measured by amino acid incorporation, will yield answers which depend heavily upon substrate conditions and upon the labelled amino acid used as the marker for protein synthesis or turnover.
THE ACTION IN VIVO OF A STRUCTURAL ANALOGUE OF GABA: HYDRAZINOPROPIONIC ACID1
Authors: Van Gelder N. M. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract— The action of hydrazinopropionic acid in vivo on the metabolism of amino acids in the CNS of mice was studied over a period of 24 hr. At 82 μmoles/kg, a transient fourfold rise in the levels of tyrosine occurred followed by a more moderate and prolonged increase in the levels of GABA. When the dose of hydrazinopropionate was raised to 123 μmoles/kg, the changes in the levels of tyrosine were identical with those at the lower dose, while levels of GABA rose further before reaching a steady state. Levels of glutamate decreased concomitantly. In addition, the concentrations of alanine, β‐aminoisobutyric acid and an unknown compound tended to rise. A doubling of the dose to 246 μmoles/kg enhanced the effects obtained with the lower doses but did not produce any new changes in the patterns of amino acids of the CNS.The elevation in the concentrations of alanine paralleled changes in the levels of tyrosine. The changes in the concentrations of the unknown compound, tentatively identified as α‐aminoadipate, and of β‐aminoisobutyric acid resembled those of GABA. The results are interpreted to indicate an inhibition by hydrazinopropionic acid of tyrosine aminotransferase and aminobutyrate aminotransferase.