bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neotropical Monogenoidea. 51. Scutalatus magniancoratus gen. et sp. n. (Gyrodactylidae) from the South‐American electric eel, Electrophorus electricus (Gymnotidae, Gymnotiformes), and redescription of Mormyrogyrodactylus gemini from the African bulldog, Marcusenius macrolepidotus (Mormyridae, Osteoglossiformes)
Authors: Vianna R. T. , Boeger W. A. , Dove A. D. M. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Scutalatus gen. n. is proposed to accommodate S. magniancoratus sp. n. from the body surface of a captive South American electric eel, Electrophorus electricus (Gymnotidae, Gymnotiformes), originally collected from the Amazon region. The new genus is characterized by the presence of a superficial keel on the anchor and a wing‐shape shield on the superficial bar. Mormyrogyrodactylus gemini Luus‐Powell, Mashego & Khalil, 2003 from the African bulldog, Marcusenius macrolepidotus (Mormyridae, Osteoglossiformes) is redescribed based on available type specimens. Contrary to the original description, the superficial bar in this species consists of a single piece, and sclerites R1 and R2 are embedded within the shield. Both species appear to be phylogenetically close and are members of a larger clade of genera with species possessing accessory bars, accessory sclerites and/or hooks distributed in anterior and posterior clusters in the margin of the haptor.
Age‐dependent reproductive costs and the role of breeding skills in the Collared flycatcher
Authors: Sendecka Joanna , Cichoń Mariusz , Gustafsson Lars 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study addressed whether there are any age‐related differences in reproductive costs. Of especial interest was whether young individuals increased their reproductive effort, and thereby their reproductive cost, as much as older birds when brood size was enlarged. To address these questions, a brood‐size manipulation experiment with reciprocal cross‐fostering of nestlings of young and middle‐aged female Collared flycatchers, Ficedula albicollis, was performed on the Swedish island of Gotland. Nestlings’ body mass, tarsus length and survival were recorded to estimate the parental ability and parental effort of the experimental female birds. Female survival and clutch size were recorded in the following years to estimate reproductive costs. We found that middle‐aged female flycatchers coped better with enlarged broods than younger females or invested more in reproduction. In the following year, young female birds that had raised enlarged broods laid smaller clutches than the females from all the other experimental groups. This result shows that the young female birds pay higher reproductive costs than the middle‐aged females. Both young and middle‐aged female flycatchers seemed to increase their reproductive effort when brood size was increased. However, such an increase resulted in higher reproductive costs for the young females. The difference in reproductive costs between birds of different ages is most likely a result of insufficient breeding skills of the young individuals.
Cell organization of barb ridges in regenerating feathers of the quail: implications of the elongation of barb ridges for the evolution and diversification of feathers
Authors: Alibardi L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis ultrastructural study on the regenerating feathers of quail describes the cellular organization of the barb ridges responsible for the ramification of adult feathers. Bilateral symmetry of the barb ridges determines the organization of feather cells into feather branching. The length of the barb ridges, derived from the number of cells associated to form the barbule plates, determines the length of the barbule branching. Long chains of barb cells form long barbs that branch from the rachis with an increase of feather size. Supportive cells function as spacers between the barbule cells. New cells derive from stem cells localized in the collar region of the feather follicle, as indicated from the re‐organization of collar cells into barb ridges (a morphogenetic process inherited from that of embryonic feathers), production of an embryonic type of keratin (feather keratin), permanence of periderm granules (typical embryonic organelles) in barb vane ridge cells. Variations in the process of barb ridge morphogenesis allow the fusion of ridges into a rachis. The differentiation of hooklets contributes to the origin of planar feathers. Separation between rachis and merging barb ridges is by supportive cells, derived from the marginal plates of the barb ridges. Speculations on the evolution and diversification of feathers are presented.
Ultrastructure of the unusual spermatozoon of the Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula)
Authors: Birkhead T. R. , Giusti F. , Immler S. , Jamieson B. G. M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Eurasian bullfinch spermatozoon differs from typical passeridan spermatozoa in several major respects. The mature acrosome consists of a concavo‐convex vesicle differing from the typical passeridan acrosome, which is a helical structure, is usually longer than the nucleus and has a prominent helical keel. The nucleus differs from that of other oscines in not showing a twisted cylindrical form, in being shorter, and in tending to be an elongate ellipsoid in shape. The chromatin often appears in an uncondensed form reminiscent of a spermatid and consists of discrete fascicles. A small proportion of the mature sperm population however, is characterized by marked chromatin condensation. The midpiece comprises a small group of mitochondria clustered around the nuclear–axonemal junction in contrast to the single, long mitochondrion wound helically around the axoneme that is found in typical Passerida. The presence of a proximal centriole (in addition to the distal one) is a notable difference from all other oscine passerines. We suggest that the unusual morphology of the Eurasian bullfinch spermatozoon, resembling that of a spermatid, is the result of the progressive suppression of the final stages of spermiogenesis and is associated with the likelihood that sperm competition is infrequent in this species.
Actual distribution of bacteriocytes in the trophosome of a beard worm (Oligobrachia mashikoi, Siboglinidae, Annelida): clarification using whole‐mountin situhybridization
Authors: Deguchi M. , Kubota N. , Matsuno A. , Kanemori M. , Fukumori Y. , Sasayama Y. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBeard worms (Siboglinidae, Polychaeta) lack a mouth and a digestive tract and harbour chaemosynthetic bacteria in the bacteriocytes of the trophosome. Since beard worms depend on the organic compounds produced by the bacteria for nourishment, the bacteriocytes should be efficient in exchanging various substances with body fluids. For this reason, it is important to determine how the bacteriocytes are organized in the trophosome. As the first step of the present study, the appearance of bacteriocytes was examined in routinely stained paraffin sections. Second, visualization of the actual distribution of the bacteriocytes was attempted using whole‐mountin situhybridization with a probe of the 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence of the bacterium. After routine haematoxylin & eosin staining, the bacteriocytes appeared to be aligned in cell cords accompanied with nutrient‐deposit cells that extended from both sides of the trophosome toward the dorsal side and folded up in the coelomic spaces. In whole‐mount preparations, however, bacteriocytes with intense signals of 16S rRNA were seen three‐dimensionally as many irregular leaves arranged from both sides of the ventral vessel toward the dorsal vessel. We will discuss the physiological significance of this characteristic distribution of the bacteriocytes in the present species.
New ultrastructural data from the larva of Paragordius varius (Nematomorpha)
Authors: Jochmann R. , Schmidt‐Rhaesa A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLarvae of Paragordius varius (Leidy, 1851) were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, providing new observations concerning the cuticular structures of the preseptum, the postseptal gland and the pseudointestine. The cuticle is three‐layered but the basal layer is variable in structure. The hooks possess long, intracuticular roots and the stylets have apical teeth. Both postseptal gland and pseudointestine are secretory in function. The postseptal gland is composed of eight cells, which are all connected by a duct leading through the septum into the preseptum. Inside the postseptal gland, the duct wall has numerous pores. The pseudointestine is composed of four cells surrounding a cavity with an amorphous content. A flattened duct within a syncytium with five nuclei leads to a ventral pore close to the posterior end.
Are Polyphaga (Coleoptera) really a basal neopteran lineage – a reply to Kazantsev
Authors: Beutel Rolf G. , Bocak Ladislav , Bocakova Milada 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn a study on the mandible and mandibular articulation of larvae of the lycid genus Platerodrilus Kazantsev proposes a phylogenetic scheme with Polyphaga as a basal group of Neoptera and Lycidae as a basal group within Polyphaga. Here we point out different problems with his interpretation. The taxon sampling was not sufficient. The characters of endopterygote larvae cannot be compared to characters of adults in a phylogenetic context. The neotenic characters of female and adult male Lycidae are not sufficiently taken into account. A phylogenetic hypothesis should be based on multiple character systems and all available data must be considered. Kazantsev based his conclusions on a single isolated character complex. His hypothesis is in deep conflict with a phylogeny based on the molecular data, which clearly show that Lycidae are nested within Elateroidea. The molecular and morphological evidence also implies that females are aberrant neotenic forms and by no means ‘primitive’. Kazantsev's hypothesis is problematic because the presented data are insufficient and the character evaluation is not based on a numerical analysis.
Comparative analysis of the circulatory system in Amphipoda (Malacostraca, Crustacea)
Authors: Wirkner Christian S. , Richter Stefan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe present data on the haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in four representatives of the major amphipod lineages Gammaridea, Hyperiidea and Caprellidea based on corrosion casting and three‐dimensional reconstructions of histological semi‐thin sections. In all these species the HVS comprises a dorsal pulsatile heart, which is continued in the body axis by the anterior and posterior aortae. The heart is equipped with three pairs of incurrent ostia. The number of cardiac arteries that lead off the heart varies among species: in the studied Gammaridea four pairs occur, in Hyperia galba only the three posterior pairs of cardiac arteries occur, while in Caprella mutica cardiac arteries are absent. In all the studied species the posterior aorta leads as a simple tube into the pleon attached to the dorsal diaphragm. The anterior aorta runs from its origin in the anterior part of the second thoracic segment into the cephalothorax. Both pairs of antennae have an arterial supply off the anterior aorta. An overview of previously studied species including our present findings shows the amphipod HVS to be relatively uniform and the gammarid form is discussed as being closest to the ground pattern of Amphipoda.
Surface ultrastructure of the plagiorchid trematode Glossidium pedatum Looss, 1899 from bagrid fish in Egypt
Authors: Ibraheem Mohammed Hasan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe present study concerned the morphology and surface ultrastructure of a plagiorchid, Glossidium pedatum, from bagrid fish of the river Nile in Egypt. Adult G. pedatum have an elongate body, tapered towards the anterior and posterior ends. Their oral sucker is small, sub‐terminal and rounded, measuring 0.200 mm in diameter. Sensory papillae around the oral sucker usually occur in small clusters of three to eight each. The ventral sucker is large, situated at the anterior end of the second third of the body, 0.299 mm in diameter, and is surrounded by three pairs of sensory papillae. Both suckers have rounded rims covered by tegumental spines. On the anterior part of the ventral surface of the body tegumental spines are small, pointed and closely spaced. A small triangular area of tegument anterior to the ventral sucker is devoid of spines. Tegumental spines on the mid‐region of the body slightly increase in size and number, especially towards the lateral aspects and posterior to the ventral sucker. Towards the posterior end of the body the spines progressively decrease in both size and number. The dorsal side exhibits similar surface features but the spines are less numerous and slightly smaller.
Spermiogenesis in three species of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Authors: Chawanji Abraham S. , Hodgson Alan N. , Villet Martin H. , Sanborn Allen F. , Phillips Polly K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSpermiogenesis in three species of cicadas representing one cicadettine (Monomatapa matoposa Boulard) and two cicadines (Diceroprocta biconica [Walker] and Kongota punctigera [Walker]) was investigated by light and electron microscopy. Although spermiogenesis was occurring in the testis of adult males of all species, earlier spermiogenic stages were observed in D. biconica only. While spermiogenesis was similar to that described for other insects, some differences were noted. For example granular material did not assemble around the centriole to form a centriolar adjunct but did accumulate in the cytoplasm of early spermatids adjacent to a region of the nuclear membrane where nuclear pores were aggregated. In late spermatids this material accumulated anterior to the mitochondrial derivatives in a developing postero‐lateral nuclear groove. While this material has been named the ‘centriolar adjunct’ by previous authors, its formation away from the centriole raises questions about its true identity. Second, during acrosome maturation an ante‐acrosomal region of cytoplasm develops. Although present in later spermatids, this region is lost in spermatozoa. Interspecific variations in chromatin condensation patterns and the number of microtubule layers encircling the spermatid nucleus during spermiogenesis were noted.
Susceptibility to opportunistic infections in HIV‐infected patients with increased CD4 T‐cell counts on antiretroviral therapy may be predicted by markers of dysfunctional effector memory CD4 T cells and B cells
Authors: French MA , Keane NM , McKinnon EJ , Phung S , Price P 
Published: April 2007

ObjectivesHIV‐infected patients responding to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) after experiencing severe immunodeficiency may exhibit persistent immune defects and occasionally experience opportunistic infections (OIs) despite increased CD4 T‐cell counts. The investigation of immune defects in such patients was examined in this study.MethodsCD4 effector memory T‐cell (Tem‐cell) function [assessed by blood cytomegalovirus (CMV) interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent spot‐forming cell assay (ELISPOT) counts] and B‐cell dysregulation [assessed by serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgE levels] were examined in 27 patients with increased CD4 T‐cell counts after receiving ART for over 2 years. Two of these patients and one other had developed OIs on ART and are described in detail.ResultsSerum levels of IgA and IgE were higher than reference intervals (P<0.001) and CMV IFN‐γ ELISPOT counts were lower than those in non‐HIV‐infected controls (P<0.001) in the HIV‐infected patients. Low CMV IFN‐γ ELISPOT counts were associated with high IgA levels (r=−0.5, P=0.01, Spearman's correlation test) and segregated with high IgE levels (P=0.06, Fisher's test). CMV IFN‐γ ELISPOT counts and serum IgA and IgE levels did not change significantly over a median time of 35 (range 8–60) months after the first measurement, whereas CD4 T‐cell counts increased. All three patients who experienced OIs had repeatedly low CMV IFN‐γ ELISPOT counts and increased serum levels of IgA and/or IgE.ConclusionLow CD4 Tem‐cell function and B‐cell dysregulation are immune defects that may persist independently of changes in the CD4 T‐cell count in HIV‐1‐infected patients responding to ART and are associated with an increased risk of developing an OI.
Differential engagement of anterior cingulate cortex subdivisions for cognitive and emotional function
Authors: Mohanty Aprajita , Engels Anna S. , Herrington John D. , Heller Wendy , Ringo Ho Moon‐Ho , Banich Marie T. , Webb Andrew G. , Warren Stacie L. , Miller Gregory A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFunctional differentiation of dorsal (dACC) and rostral (rACC) anterior cingulate cortex for cognitive and emotional function has received considerable indirect support. Using fMRI, parallel tasks, and within‐subject analysis, the present study directly tested the proposed specialization of ACC subdivisions. A Task × Region interaction confirmed more dACC activation during color‐word distractors and more rACC activation during emotion‐word distractors. Activity in ACC subdivisions differentially predicted behavioral performance. Connectivity with prefrontal and limbic regions also supported distinct dACC and rACC roles. Findings provide direct evidence for differential engagement of ACC subdivisions in cognitive and emotional processing and for differential functional connectivity in the implementation of cognitive control and emotion regulation. Results point to an anatomical and functional continuum rather than segregated operations.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the field vole, Microtus agrestis, and their cross‐utility in the common vole, Microtus arvalis
Authors: JAAROLA M. , RATKIEWICZ M. , ASHFORD R. T. , BRUNHOFF C. , BORKOWSKA A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe developed nine polymorphic microsatellite loci for the field vole, Microtus agrestis. The number of alleles ranged from five to 15 and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.40 to 1.00. We also tested the microsatellite loci for amplification and polymorphism in the congeneric species Microtus arvalis. Five of the nine loci were successfully analysed in this species. The microsatellite markers will be employed in studies of reproductive success and fine‐scale spatial genetic structure.
Bayesian clustering algorithms ascertaining spatial population structure: a new computer program and a comparison study
Authors: CHEN CHIBIAO , DURAND ERIC , FORBES FLORENCE , FRANÇOIS OLIVIER 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOn the basis of simulated data, this study compares the relative performances of the Bayesian clustering computer programsstructure,geneland,geneclustand a new program namedtess. While these four programs can detect population genetic structure from multilocus genotypes, only the last three ones include simultaneous analysis from geographical data. The programs are compared with respect to their abilities to infer the number of populations, to estimate membership probabilities, and to detect genetic discontinuities and clinal variation. The results suggest that combining analyses usingtessandstructureoffers a convenient way to address inference of spatial population structure.
Isolation and characterization of 10 microsatellite loci in the magnetic termite, Amitermes meridionalis (Isoptera: Termitidae)
Authors: SCHMIDT A. M. , TRINDL A. , KORB J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe elongated mounds of the ‘magnetic termite’, Amitermes meridionalis are a prominent feature of the Northern Territory in Australia. They are restricted to habitat patches of seasonally flooded plains which are largely isolated from each other. To investigate the population structure of A. meridionalis, we developed 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci. We tested the variability of the markers on at least 20 individuals from two populations. We found three to 12 alleles per locus with a level of heterozygosity at each locus ranging from 0.05 to 0.74.
Novel microsatellite loci for the study of the black‐capped vireo (Vireo atricapillus)
Authors: BARR KELLY R. , DHARMARAJAN GUHA , RHODES OLIN E. , LANCE RICHARD L. , LEBERG PAUL L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe identified 14 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci in the black‐capped vireo (Vireo atricapillus). We also attempted to amplify and genotype these loci in other Vireo species, including the white‐eyed vireo (Vireo griseus), red‐eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus), and blue‐headed vireo (Vireo solitarius). In 33 genotyped black‐capped vireos from two locations, total alleles ranged from six to 20, with observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.58 to 0.91 and expected heterozygosity from 0.65 to 0.93. Two loci had detectable levels of null alleles. Many of the loci were able to be amplified in the related Vireo species.
Microsatellite markers for Sclerotinia subarctica nom. prov., a new vegetable pathogen of the High North
Authors: WINTON L. M. , KROHN A. L. , LEINER R. H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEight polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from the ascomycete fungus Sclerotinia subarctica nom. prov. In Alaska, this pathogen causes white mold vegetable diseases sympatrically with the cosmopolitan and closely related Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Eighteen alleles were observed across the 41 isolates tested and ranged from two to three alleles per locus. Together, the alleles from the eight polymorphic loci yielded only four haploid multilocus genotypes and exhibited significant linkage disequilibrium, reflecting extreme selfing and clonal vegetative reproduction.
Microsatellite DNA markers for the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum and their applicability to related species
Authors: SANDROCK CHRISTOPH , FRAUENFELDER NATHALIE , VON BURG SIMONE , VORBURGER CHRISTOPH 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum is suspected to form distinct, host‐associated lineages and exhibits poorly understood variation in reproductive mode including thelytokous and arrhenotokous populations. As a tool to study these issues, we developed 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers. The observed number of alleles ranged from two to 35, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.01 to 0.64. Cross‐species amplification tests demonstrated their utility for several congeners, but revealed very limited applicability to more distantly related species.
DNA barcoding confirms polyphagy in a generalist moth,Homona mermerodes(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: HULCR JIRI , MILLER SCOTT E. , SETLIFF GREGORY P. , DARROW KAROLYN , MUELLER NATHANIEL D. , HEBERT PAUL D. N. , WEIBLEN GEORGE D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRecent DNA barcoding of generalist insect herbivores has revealed complexes of cryptic species within named species. We evaluated the species concept for a common generalist moth occurring in New Guinea and Australia, Homona mermerodes, in light of host plant records and mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase I haplotype diversity. Genetic divergence amongH. mermerodesmoths feeding on different host tree species was much lower than among severalHomonaspecies. Genetic divergence between haplotypes from New Guinea and Australia was also less than interspecific divergence. Whereas molecular species identification methods may reveal cryptic species in some generalist herbivores, these same methods may confirm polyphagy when identical haplotypes are reared from multiple host plant families. A lectotype for the species is designated, and a summarized bibliography and illustrations including male genitalia are provided for the first time.