bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF ENROBING ON THE QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF BUFFALO MEAT CUTLETS UNDER FROZEN STORAGE
Authors: AHAMED M. EYAS , ANJANEYULU A.S.R. , SATHU T. , THOMAS R. , KONDAIAH N. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT Quality and shelf life of enrobed buffalo meat cutlets packaged in low‐density polyethylene bags were evaluated during 90 days of frozen storage. Enrobed cutlets with edible coating had significantly (P < 0.01) lower shrinkage, moisture and fat contents than uncoated cutlets. The pH of the enrobed cutlets showed a nonsignificant (P > 0.05) increasing trend throughout the storage period, although not consistently, whereas thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values showed a significant (P > 0.05) decline from 60 days of storage in both the control and enrobed cutlets. The enrobed cutlets had slightly lower (P > 0.05) mesophilic bacterial counts than the control, whereas psychrotrophic bacteria and yeast and mold were detected occasionally in both products, but only in insignificant levels. Panelists rated significantly (P > 0.05) higher for various sensory attributes of enrobed cutlets throughout the storage period, but a decline in these attributes was observed at the end of the storage period. Uncoated cutlets were acceptable up to 60 days, and enrobed cutlets were highly acceptable up to 90 days. The study made clear that enrobing further improved the shelf life and acceptability of buffalo meat cutlets, and it had a shelf life of 90 days under frozen storage.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSEnrobing/coating of meat products with edible materials improves their cooking yield and provides better protection against oxidative and microbiological deterioration. It can also significantly enhance the sensory qualities of meat products and could be an effective method of value addition with better consumer acceptability. Enrobed cutlets can be successfully added to the list of value‐added convenience meat‐based products.
PORK COLOR MEASUREMENT AS AFFECTED BY BLOOM TIME AND MEASUREMENT LOCATION
Authors: ŠKRLEP MARTIN , ČANDEK‐POTOKAR MARJETA 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT Bloom time and measurement location effects on color changes of pig longissimus dorsi muscle were studied, using CIE L*, a*, b*. The measurements were performed on two locations in the central area of muscle cross‐section repeatedly every 2 min over a 30‐min period. Hue angle (H*) and chroma (C*) were calculated. Bloom time had no significant effect on L* value (P = 0.17), but it affected a*, b*, C* and H* (P < 0.001); a* and C* stabilized after 18 min and b* and H* after 26 min. The measurement location was significant for C* value (P = 0.04), and close to the significance in case of a* and b* (P = 0.06 and 0.09, respectively). L* and a* were more repeatable across bloom time than between measuring locations, whereas for b*, C* and H* we noted similar repeatability across bloom time and measuring location.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSResults of this study indicate that a bloom time of 20–30 min should be sufficient for pork before measuring color. If only the luminosity or reflectance measurement is of interest, the blooming of pork is not necessary. Better or similar repeatability of color parameters in the course of blooming as compared to two adjacent locations implies the importance of defined localization of repetitions in meat color assessment.
COOKING EFFECTS ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF CULTURED SEA BASS (DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX) FILLETS
Authors: YANAR YASEMEN , KÜÇÜKGÜLMEZ AYGÜL , ERSOY BEYZA , ÇELIK MEHMET 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTIn this research, the effects of different cooking processes (grilling, baking, frying and microwave cooking) on fatty acid composition of cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets were investigated. Fatty acid composition of sea bass fillets was not significantly changed by grilling, baking and microwave cooking. Fried in sunflower oil, the sea bass fillets absorbed C18:1n‐9 and C18:2n‐6 and lost saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The lowest n‐3/n‐6 ratio was found by frying method.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study investigates which cooking method is best to maintain PUFA composition and includes useful information for nutritional programs and instructional presentations to benefit people of all ages and classes, and with a variety of health conditions. These features make it important for the food industry, academic studies on food composition or nutrition, clinical, community, foodservice and research dieticians, who help promote good health through proper eating. It is also useful for similar academic studies and to prepare tables of compositions of food for clinical use.
Development and Clinical Evaluation of A PCR Assay Targeting the Metalloprotease Gene (mprA) of B. pseudomallei
Authors: Neubauer H. , Sprague L. D. , Joseph M. , Tomaso H. , Al Dahouk S. , Witte A. , Kinne J. , Hensel A. , Wernery R. , Wernery U. , Scholz H. C. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryA PCR assay targeting the metalloprotease gene (mprA) of Burkholderia pseudomallei was developed for the specific detection of this organism in pure cultures and clinical samples. All other closely related organisms including B. mallei the causative agent of glanders, and B. thailandensis tested negative. Burkholderia pseudomallei DNA was successfully amplified from paraffin‐embedded lung tissue of a camel with a generalized B. pseudomallei infection. The developed PCR assay can be used as a simple tool for the specific and sensitive detection of B. pseudomallei.
Differences in
Chlamydia trachomatis
Serovar E Growth Rate in Polarized Endometrial and Endocervical Epithelial Cells Grown in Three-Dimensional Culture
Authors: Guseva Natalia V. , Dessus-Babus Sophie , Moore Cheryl G. , Whittimore Judy D. , Wyrick Priscilla B. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT

In vitro studies of obligate intracellular chlamydia biology and pathogenesis are highly dependent on the use of experimental models and growth conditions that mimic the mucosal architecture and environment these pathogens encounter during natural infections. In this study, the growth of
Chlamydia trachomatis
genital serovar E was monitored in mouse fibroblast McCoy cells and compared to more relevant host human epithelial endometrium-derived HEC-1B and cervix-derived HeLa cells, seeded and polarized on collagen-coated microcarrier beads, using a three-dimensional culture system. Microscopy analysis of these cell lines prior to infection revealed morphological differences reminiscent of their in vivo architecture. Upon infection, early chlamydial inclusion distribution was uniform in McCoy cells but patchy in both epithelial cell lines. Although no difference in chlamydial attachment to or entry into the two genital epithelial cell lines was noted, active bacterial genome replication and transcription, as well as initial transformation of elementary bodies to reticulate bodies, were detected earlier in HEC-1B than in HeLa cells, suggesting a faster growth, which led to higher progeny counts and titers in HEC-1B cells upon completion of the developmental cycle. Chlamydial development in the less relevant McCoy cells was very similar to that in HeLa cells, although higher progeny counts were obtained. In conclusion, this three-dimensional bead culture system represents an improved model for harvesting large quantities of infectious chlamydia progeny from their more natural polarized epithelial host cells.
Transcriptional regulatory network refinement and quantification through kinetic modeling, gene expression microarray data and information theory
Authors: Sayyed-Ahmad Abdallah , Tuncay Kagan , Ortoleva Peter J 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

Background
Gene expression microarray and other multiplex data hold promise for addressing the challenges of cellular complexity, refined diagnoses and the discovery of well-targeted treatments. A new approach to the construction and quantification of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) is presented that integrates gene expression microarray data and cell modeling through information theory. Given a partial TRN and time series data, a probability density is constructed that is a functional of the time course of transcription factor (TF) thermodynamic activities at the site of gene control, and is a function of mRNA degradation and transcription rate coefficients, and equilibrium constants for TF/gene binding.

Results
Our approach yields more physicochemical information that compliments the results of network structure delineation methods, and thereby can serve as an element of a comprehensive TRN discovery/quantification system. The most probable TF time courses and values of the aforementioned parameters are obtained by maximizing the probability obtained through entropy maximization. Observed time delays between mRNA expression and activity are accounted for implicitly since the time course of the activity of a TF is coupled by probability functional maximization, and is not assumed to be proportional to expression level of the mRNA type that translates into the TF. This allows one to investigate post-translational and TF activation mechanisms of gene regulation. Accuracy and robustness of the method are evaluated. A kinetic formulation is used to facilitate the analysis of phenomena with a strongly dynamical character while a physically-motivated regularization of the TF time course is found to overcome difficulties due to omnipresent noise and data sparsity that plague other methods of gene expression data analysis. An application to Escherichia coli is presented.

Conclusion
Multiplex time series data can be used for the construction of the network of cellular processes and the calibration of the associated physicochemical parameters. We have demonstrated these concepts in the context of gene regulation understood through the analysis of gene expression microarray time series data. Casting the approach in a probabilistic framework has allowed us to address the uncertainties in gene expression microarray data. Our approach was found to be robust to error in the gene expression microarray data and mistakes in a proposed TRN.
Fataluku medicinal ethnobotany and the East Timorese military resistance
Authors: Collins Sean WM , Martins Xisto , Mitchell Andrew , Teshome Awegechew , Arnason John T 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundAn ethnobotanical study of medicinal and poisonous plants used by the East Timor resistance was undertaken in the Lautem District of East Timor to study medicinal plant use in the region. Interviews were conducted with a single key consultant from the resistance army who belonged to the Fataluku culture. This study is of importance as a historical document and because no previous medicinal ethnobotanical studies on this region exist.MethodsA rapid ethnobotanical survey of medicinal and poisonous plants was conducted through the proposed Conis Santana National Park in the Lautem district of East Timor. Medicinal and poisonous plants were identified by a Consultant and data was collected by the authors using classical descriptive ethnobotanical techniques (i.e. no quantitative measures) through an unstructured open ended interview.ResultsDuring the survey 40 medicinal and poisonous plants were identified by the Consultant and collected by the authors. Defining characteristics of the Consultant's knowledge include a high frequency use of trees, heavily forested habitats, leaves, decoctions and drinks for a range of conditions relevant to a resistance army.ConclusionDespite limitations of the study, important contributions of this study include preservation of a part of the cultural history of the resistance movement and traditional botanical knowledge of the Fataluku. Furthermore, initial findings may indicate that traditional botanical knowledge is unique amongst different East Timorese cultures in terms of plant selection.
Relationship between a Clear‐cut Alternative Noncardiac Diagnosis and 30‐day Outcome in Emergency Department Patients with Chest Pain
Authors: Hollander Judd E. , Robey Jennifer L. , Chase Maureen R. , Brown Aaron M. , Zogby Kara E. , Shofer Frances S. 
Published: January 2007

Background: Accurate identification of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) in the emergency department (ED) remains problematic. Studies have not been able to identify a cohort of patients that are safe for immediate ED discharge; however, prior studies have not examined the utility of a clear‐cut alternative noncardiac diagnosis. Objectives: To compare the 30‐day event rate in ED chest pain patients who were diagnosed with a clear‐cut alternative noncardiac diagnosis with the 30‐day event rate in the cohort of patients in whom a definitive diagnosis could not be made in the ED. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of consecutive ED patients with potential ACS. Data included demographics, medical and cardiac history, laboratory and electrocardiogram results, and whether or not the treating physician ascribed the condition to a clear‐cut alternative noncardiac diagnosis. The main outcome was death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or revascularization within 30 days, as determined by phone follow‐up or medical record review. Results: The investigators enrolled 1,995 patients in the ED who had potential ACSs. Overall, 77 had a final hospital diagnosis of AMI (4%). Within 30 days, 73 patients received revascularization (4%), and 26 died (1%). There were 599 (30%) patients given a clear‐cut alternative noncardiac diagnosis. Comparing the patients with a clear‐cut alternative noncardiac diagnosis with those without an obvious noncardiac diagnosis, the presence of a clear‐cut alternative noncardiac diagnosis was associated with a reduced risk of an in‐hospital triple‐composite endpoint (death, MI, and revascularization), with a risk ratio of 0.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19 to 0.55) and 30‐day triple‐composite endpoint with a risk ratio of 0.45 (95% CI = 0.29 to 0.69); however, patients with a clear‐cut alternative noncardiac diagnosis still had a 4% event rate at 30 days (95% CI = 2.4% to 5.6%). Conclusions: In the ED chest pain patient, the presence of a clear‐cut alternative noncardiac diagnosis reduces the likelihood of a composite outcome of death and cardiovascular events within 30 days. However, it does not reduce the event rate to an acceptable level to allow ED discharge of these patients.
The Surgical Care Practitioner: A Feasible Alternative. Results of A Prospective 4-Year Audit at St Mary's Hospital Trust, London
Authors: Martin Shirley , Purkayastha Sanjay , Massey Rachel , Paraskeva Paraskevas , Tekkis Paris , Kneebone Roger , Darzi Ara 
Published: January 2007

INTRODUCTION Surgical care practitioners (SCPs) are an expanding group of professionals, drawn from nursing and the allied health professions. Amongst other functions, SCPs can provide a range of surgical procedures including a ‘minor surgical’ service. The aim of this study was to audit the volume and outcomes related to the SCP service at St Mary's since its inception. PATIENTS AND METHODS All prospectively collected data regarding SCP-managed patients between 2001 and 2005 were retrospectively audited. Volume, case mix, waiting times, complications and patient satisfaction were recorded and evaluated. RESULTS In this 4-year period, the SCP performed 381 minor operative cases (year 1 to year 4: 32, 74, 114 and 161 cases, respectively). These included excision of lipomas, sebaceous cysts and suspicious naevi under local anaesthesia and 7 similar cases under general anaesthetic. There were 11 minor postoperative complications which included 7 wound infections which were all resolved with a short course of oral antibiotics, 2 seromas of which one needed aspiration under local anaesthetic and one minor wound dehiscence which was re-sutured the same day. Overall, 71% were seen within 1 month of referral, 16% within 1–2 months, 3% within 3 months and 10% within 6 months. In addition, 59% were seen and treated within 20 min of their appointed time, 15% within 30–60 min and 24% within 1–2 h. The 3-month patient perspective audit carried out between May and July 2004 included 59 completed patient questionnaires following surgery; 100% were totally satisfied with the care that they received; 98% were happy to see the SCP and 98% documented that they would recommend the SCP to others. CONCLUSIONS The 4-year period of using an SCP at St Mary's shows that it is feasible and safe for minor operative procedures, that it contributes positively to waiting times and is acceptable to patients.
Alendronate Treatment in Women With Normal to Severely Impaired Renal Function: An Analysis of the Fracture Intervention Trial
Authors: Jamal Sophie A , Bauer Douglas C , Ensrud Kristine E , Cauley Jane A , Hochberg Marc , Ishani Areef , Cummings Steven R 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
To determine if alendronate had differential effects on BMD and fracture by renal function, we performed a secondary data analysis of women participating in the FIT. Alendronate increased BMD and decreased fractures to a similar degree among women with and without reduced renal function. There was no increase in adverse events among women with impaired renal function treated with alendronate. Alendronate is safe and effective among this group of women with reduced renal function.
Introduction: Alendronate is cleared by the kidney and may have sustained effects on bone in subjects with impaired renal function. We hypothesized that, with decreasing renal function, alendronate treatment would result in greater increases in BMD and greater decreases in fractures and that the frequency of adverse events would be increased.
Materials and Methods: We studied women participating in the Fracture Intervention Trial (FIT), a randomized controlled trial of alendronate or placebo (n = 6458). We estimated baseline creatinine clearance (eGFR) using the Cockcroft Gault Formula.
Results: Five hundred eighty-one (9.9%) participants had a severely reduced eGFR (&lt;45 ml/minute). Alendronate increased BMD regardless of eGFR, but women with reduced eGFR had a 5.6% (95% CI: 4.8–6.5) increase in total hip BMD compared with 4.8% (95% CI: 4.6–5.0) among women with normal to moderate renal dysfunction (interaction: p = 0.04). Compared with placebo, alendronate increased spine BMD by 6.6 ± 5.8%, but there was no significant interaction for the increase in spine BMD (interaction: p = 0.75). Treatment with alendronate reduced the risk of clinical fractures to a similar degree in those with (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.51–1.21) and without reduced renal function (OR: 0.80; 95% CI; 0.70–0.93; p for interaction = 0.89). Treatment with alendronate reduced the risk of spine fractures to a similar degree in those with (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.31–1.7) and without reduced renal function (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.32–0.76; p for interaction = 0.44). There were no differences in adverse events by renal function.
Conclusions: Alendronate is safe and effective at increasing BMD and decreasing fractures among this group of women with reduced renal function.
XRD and DSC study of the formation and the melting of a new zeolite like borosilicate CsBSi5O12 and (Cs,Rb)BSi5O12 solid solutions
Authors: Bubnova Rimma S. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Filatov Stanislav K. , Ugolkov Valeriy L. , Paufler Peter 
Published: January 2007

Polycrystalline CsBSi5O12 was prepared from a stoichiometric mixture by solid-state reaction above 1000 °C. The solid solutions Cs1–xRbxBSi5O12 were obtained at 1000 °C during a long heat treatment of polycrystalline Cs1–xRbxBSi2O6 boropollucites (x
Rb = 0, 0.05, 0.2, 0.4). A new borosilicate compound and its solid solutions were studied using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), annealing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetry (TG). For Cs,Rb-boropollucites the new phase formation is accompanied by significant mass losses detected by DSC and TG. The following mechanism of phase transformations is assumed: (Cs,Rb)BSi2O6 → (Cs,Rb)BSi5O12 + (Cs,Rb)BO2↑. The zeolite phase forms as a result of the boropollucite decomposition over 1000 °C. Zeolite decomposes also on further heating and the SiO2 reflections are observed in the XRD pattern only. Thus above 1000 °C both boropollucite and zeolite phases are unstable presumably due to the ability of the alkali cations to leave the structure.
Using XRD the unit cell parameters of CsBSi5O12 have been determined in the orthorhombic crystal system: a = 16.242(4) Å, b = 13.360(4) Å, c = 4.874(1) Å. The compound is isostructural with the zeolite compound CsAlSi5O12. In the crystal structure of Cs1–xRbxBSi5O12 solid solutions the changes of cell parameters are insignificant under the substitution of Cs by Rb atoms that indicates a very limited substitution range.
Design of jet-grouting cut-offs
Authors: Croce P. , Modoni G. 
Published: January 2007

This paper deals with the design of jet-grouting cut-offs for dams. Available information from several cases is first reviewed, pointing out the differences between projects concerning dams under construction and operational ones. Various dam types and treatment schemes are considered; functions and requirements of jet-grouting cut-offs are defined; and possible solutions are proposed. Particular attention is devoted to the occurrence of discontinuities along the cut-offs, which may derive from two main factors: deviation of the treatment axes and variation of the jet-column's diameter. A probabilistic design method is developed in order to minimise the risk of such defects. Finally, the drawbacks and advantages of deterministic and probabilistic approaches are discussed. Cet article étudie la conception géotechnique d'écrans étanches traités par injection par jet pour les barrages. Il passe tout en abord en revue les informations disponibles relatives à plusieurs cas, soulignant les différences entre les projets concernant des barrages en cours de construction et ceux déjà opérationnels. Plusieurs types de barrages et approches de traitement sont considérés. L'article définit les fonctions et critères requis pour les écrans étanches traités par injection par jet et propose plusieurs solutions éventuelles. L'apparition de discontinuités le long des écrans y est considérée avec une attention particuliàre. Elle peut découler de deux facteurs principaux: déviation des axes de traitement et variation du diamètre des colonnes de jet. Une méthode de conception probabiliste est ici développée pour minimiser le risque de telles défectuosités. La conclusion présente les avantages et inconvénients rencontrés avec les approches déterministes et probabilistes.