bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tobacco use and comorbidity in bulimia nervosa
Authors: Sandager Nora , Peterson Carol B. , Allen Sharon , Henderson Katherine E. , Crow Scott , Thuras Paul 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOBJECTIVE:To compare comorbid psychopathology and substance use among women with bulimia nervosa (BN) based on smoking status.METHOD:Forty women diagnosed with BN (20 smokers, 20 nonsmokers) completed written self‐report measures of depressive symptoms, substance use, and alcohol abuse.RESULTS:Smokers reported more symptoms of depression and alcohol abuse and were more likely to use alcohol than nonsmokers, whereas caffeine consumption did not significantly differ between the two groups.CONCLUSION:Smokers with BN may represent a distinct subtype characterized by high rates of comorbid depression and alcohol abuse. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Evaluation of reduced rank semiparametric models to assess excess of risk in cluster analysis
Authors: Geraci Marco , Lawson Andrew B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe existence of multiple environmental hazards is obviously a threat to human health and, from a statistical point of view, the modeling and the detection of disease clusters potentially related to those hazards offer challenging tasks. In this paper, we consider low rank thin plate spline (TPS) models within a semiparametric approach to focused clustering for small area health data. Both the distance from a putative source and a general, unspecified clustering process are modeled in the same fashion and they are entered log‐additively in mixed Poisson‐Normal models. Some issues related to the identification of the random effects arising from this approach are investigated. Under different simulated scenarios, we evaluate the proposed models using conditional Akaike's weights and tests for variance components, providing a comprehensive model selection methodology easy to implement. We examine observations of lung cancer deaths taken in Ohio between 1987 and 1988. These data were analyzed on several occasions to investigate the risk associated with a putative source in Hamilton county. In our analysis, we found a strong south‐eastward spatial trend which is confounded with a significant radial distance effect decreasing between 0 and 150 km from the point source. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Booming development of biofuels for transport: Is fire safety of concern?
Authors: Marlair Guy , Rotureau Patricia , Breulet Hervé , Brohez Sylvain 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThree decades after the pioneering development of sugarcane ethanol in Brazil, the arrival of the new century has seen a worldwide boom in the automotive biofuel industry. Although fire safety of biofuels has not been perceived so far as a potential barrier to sustainability of their development, very limited scientific work can be found on the matter. This paper is a first contribution to the discussion of these issues within the fire safety community. It aims at identifying research needs from an initial overview based on existing safety data pertaining to currently available biofuels for transport. The paper comprises a first analysis of fire risk typology presented by such biofuel technologies, including first lessons from recent accidents. At first sight, when considering aspects of fire safety from a technical point of view, it seems a simple problem, but analysis shows that from the point of view of safety of biofuels, it is not correct to summarize the regulatory position by simply saying that fuel ethanol is a flammable product, whereas biodiesel is not. Clearly, a more in‐depth analysis of fire safety issues is needed that will also have to consider significant changes in biofuel technologies in the future. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling: Limbic‐paralimbic‐neocortical network modulation
Authors: Fang Jiliang , Jin Zhen , Wang Yin , Li Ke , Kong Jian , Nixon Erika E. , Zeng Yawei , Ren Yanshuang , Tong Haibin , Wang Yinghui , Wang Ping , Hui Kathleen Kin‐Sang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHuman and animal studies suggest that acupuncture produces many beneficial effects through the central nervous system. However, the neural substrates of acupuncture actions are not completely clear to date. fMRI studies at Hegu (LI4) and Zusanli (ST36) indicated that the limbic system may play an important role for acupuncture effects. To test if this finding applies to other major classical acupoints, fMRI was performed on 10 healthy adults during manual acupuncture at Taichong (LV3), Xingjian (LV2), Neiting (ST44), and a sham point on the dorsum of the left foot. Although certain differences could be observed between real and sham points, the hemodynamic response (BOLD signal changes) and psychophysical response (sensory experience) to acupuncture were generally similar for all four points. Acupuncture produced extensive deactivation of the limbic‐paralimbic‐neocortical system. Clusters of deactivated regions were seen in the medial prefrontal cortex (frontal pole, pregenual cingulate), the temporal lobe (amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampus) and the posterior medial cortex (precuneus, posterior cingulate). The sensorimotor cortices (somatosensory cortices, supplementary motor cortex), thalamus and occasional paralimbic structures such as the insula and anterior middle cingulate cortex showed activation. Our results provide additional evidence in support of previous reports that acupuncture modulates the limbic‐paralimbic‐neocortical network. We hypothesize that acupuncture may mediate its antipain, antianxiety, and other therapeutic effects via this intrinsic neural circuit that plays a central role in the affective and cognitive dimensions of pain as well as in the regulation and integration of emotion, memory processing, autonomic, endocrine, immunological, and sensorimotor functions. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volumetric and shape analysis of the thalamus in first‐episode schizophrenia
Authors: Coscia Denise M. , Narr Katherine L. , Robinson Delbert G. , Hamilton Liberty S. , Sevy Serge , Burdick Katherine E. , Gunduz‐Bruce Handan , McCormack Joanne , Bilder Robert M. , Szeszko Philip R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThalamic abnormalities have been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, although the majority of studies used chronic samples treated extensively with antipsychotics. Moreover, the clinical and neuropsychological correlates of these abnormalities remain largely unknown. Using high‐resolution MR imaging and novel methods for shape analysis, we investigated thalamic subregions in 35 (25 M/10 F) first‐episode schizophrenia patients compared with 33 (23 M/10 F) healthy volunteers. The right and left thalami were traced bilaterally on coronal brain slices and volumes were compared between groups. In addition, regional abnormalities were identified by comparing distances, measured from homologous thalamic surface points to the central core of each individual's surface model, between groups in 3D space. Patients had significantly less total thalamic volume compared with healthy volunteers. Statistical mapping demonstrated most pronounced shape abnormalities in the pulvinar; however, estimated false discovery rates in these regions were sizable. Smaller thalamus volume was significantly correlated with worse overall neuropsychological functioning and specific deficits were observed in the language, motor, and executive domains. There were no significant associations between thalamus volume and positive or negative symptoms. Our findings suggest that thalamic abnormalities are evident at the onset of a first episode of schizophrenia prior to extensive pharmacologic intervention and that these abnormalities have neuropsychological correlates. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parsing neural mechanisms of social and physical risk identifications
Authors: Qin Jungang , Han Shihui 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPsychometric studies of risk perception have categorized personal risks into social and physical domains. To investigate whether and how the human brain differentiates social and physical risks, we scanned human adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging when they identified potential risks involved in social and physical behaviors. We found that the identification of risky behaviors in both domains induced increased activations in the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC, BA9/10)/ventral anterior cingulate (ACC) and posterior cingulate (PCC) relative to identification of safe behaviors. However, social risks induced stronger anterior MPFC activation whereas physical risks were associated with stronger ventral ACC activity. In addition, anterior MPFC activity was negatively correlated with the rating scores of the degree of social risk whereas PCC activity was positively correlated with the rating scores of the degree of physical risk. Relative to an autobiographical control task, the social risk identification task induced stronger sustained activity in the left supplementary motor area/dorsal ACC and increased transient activity in bilateral posterior insula. The physical risk identification task, however, resulted in stronger sustained activity in the right cuneus/precuneus and increased transient activation in bilateral amygdala. Our results indicate the existence of distinct neural mechanisms underlying social and physical risk identifications and provide neural bases for the psychometric categorization of risks into different domains. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of 5‐HT drugs in prefrontal cortex during memory formation and the ketamine amnesia‐model
Authors: Liy‐Salmeron Gustavo , Meneses Alfredo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis article describes a series of experiments investigating the effects of systemic or intraprefrontal administration of serotonergic agents on ketamine induced memory deficits in rats. First, rats were trained on an operant autoshaping task. Immediately after training, rats were injected with different doses of drug or saline. Following drug administration, rats were tested after 1.5 h for short‐term memory (STM) and 24 h for long‐term memory (LTM) of conditioned response. An increase or decrease in number of conditioned responses was an index of retention. The major results of this work show that ketamine impaired STM and this effect was reversed, by either systemic or intraprefrontal cortex administration of the agonist 5‐HT1A/78‐OH‐DPAT, the 5‐HT receptor antagonists MDL100907 (5‐HT2A), SB‐399885 (5‐HT6), and SB‐269970 (5‐HT7). The ketamine STM‐impairment effect was not altered by the 5‐HT1Aantagonist WAY 100635 or the 5‐HT1Bantagonist SB‐224289. Notably, prefrontal cortex inhibition of translation or transcription interrupted STM without affecting LTM suggesting different signaling mechanisms. The interacting effect of NMDA and serotonin agents in memory function is an interesting and important area of study;both receptors are considered to be important targets for the development of antipsychotic medication. Particularly, 5‐HT1A/7, 5‐HT2A5‐HT6, and 5‐HT7receptors present in prefrontal cortex, represent important targets for development of drugs for the treatment of SMT‐deficits. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studying the feasibility of using microirrigation systems for vegetable production in a canal command area
Authors: Kumar Satyendra , Imtiyaz M. , Kumar A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractField investigations were carried out for 3 years with the aim of studying the feasibility of using microsprinkler and drip irrigation systems for vegetable production in a canal command area. These systems were compared with the existing flood irrigation method for onion production with four irrigation levels, viz. 0.60, 0.80, 1.00 and 1.20 of irrigation water to cumulative pan evaporation ratio (IW/CPE). Microsprinkler and drip irrigation systems were also compared with fertigation rate of 100 (50:25:25 NPK), 150 (75:37.5:37.5 NPK) and 200 (100: 50: 50 NPK) kg ha−1. Microirrigation systems resulted in higher onion yield and greater profitability than surface irrigation at each irrigation schedule. However, microsprinklers indicated better economics than a drip irrigation system. Microsprinkler, drip and surface irrigation system with 1.20 IW/CPE of irrigation produced maximum crop yields of 34.34, 33.10 and 22.57 t ha−1, respectively. Increased crop yield with microsprinkler and drip irrigation is the factor behind higher profitability than existing surface irrigation. Reduction in nutrient application by 25% in fertigation from the dose of flood irrigation did not reduce yield and net returns significantly. But net return was significantly higher in microsprinkler (Rs 67 334 ha−1) than drip (Rs 59 930 ha−1) fertigation. The overall results of the present study favoured microsprinkler over existing irrigation methods for onion production in a canal command area with higher profit under limited available surface water. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel low‐friction surface for biomedical applications: Modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with polyethylene glycol(PEG)‐DOPA‐lysine
Authors: Chawla Kanika , Lee Seunghwan , Lee Bruce P. , Dalsin Jeffrey L. , Messersmith Phillip B. , Spencer Nicholas D. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAqueous biocompatible tribosystems are desirable for a variety of tissue‐contacting medical devices. L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and lysine (K) peptide mimics of mussel adhesive proteins strongly interact with surfaces and may be useful for surface attachment of lubricating polymers in tribosystems. Here, we describe a significant improvement in lubrication properties of poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces when modified with PEG‐DOPA‐K. Surfaces were characterized by optical and atomic force microscopy, contact angle, PM‐IRRAS, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Such surfaces, tested over the course of 200 rotations (∼8 m in length), maintained an extremely low friction coefficient (μ) (0.03 ± 0.00) compared to bare PDMS (0.98 ± 0.02). These results indicate the potential applications of PEG‐DOPA‐K for the modification of device surfaces. Extremely low μ values were maintained over relatively long length scales and a range of sliding speeds without the need for substrate pre‐activation and in the absence of excess polymer in aqueous solution. These results were only obtained when DOPA was bound to lysine (modification with PEG‐DOPA did not have an effect on μ) suggesting the critical role of lysine in obtaining a lowered friction coefficient. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
E1A physically interacts with RUNX3 and inhibits its transactivation activity
Authors: Cha Eun‐Jeong , Oh Byung‐Chul , Wee Hee‐Jun , Chi Xin‐Zi , Goh Yun‐Mi , Lee Kyeong‐Sook , Ito Yoshiaki , Bae Suk‐Chul 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe adenoviral gene, termed early region 1A (E1A), is crucial for transformation and has been used very effectively as a tool to determine the molecular mechanisms that underlie the basis of cellular transformation. pRb, p107, p130, p300/CBP, p400, TRRAP, and CtBP were identified to be E1A‐binding proteins and their roles in cellular transformation have been established. Although the major function of E1A is considered to be the regulation of gene expression that is critical for differentiation and cell cycle exit, one of the most significant questions relating to E1A transformation is how E1A mediates this regulation. RUNX3 is a transcription factor that was first described as a gastric cancer tumor suppressor but is now known to be involved in many different cancers. Exogenous expression of RUNX3 strongly inhibits the growth of cells. Here, we show that the adenovirus oncoprotein E1A interacts with RUNX3 in vitro and in vivo. RUNX3 interacts with the N‐terminus (amino acids 2‐29) of E1A, which is known to interact with p300/CBP, p400, and TRRAP. E1A interacts directly with the Runt domain of RUNX3 but does not interfere with CBFβ‐RUNX3 interactions. In addition, E1A inhibits the transactivation activity of RUNX3 on the p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter. Consistent with these observations, the growth inhibition induced by RUNX3 is reduced by E1A. These results demonstrate that E1A specifically binds to RUNX3 and inactivates its transactivation activity. We propose that one of the mechanisms for the oncogenic activity of E1A is the inhibition of RUNX3, similar to that of RB and p300/CBP. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 236–244, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential effect of materials for surface hemostasis on red blood cell morphology
Authors: Smith Carr J. , Vournakis John N. , Demcheva Marina , Fischer Thomas H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe design of devices for surface (topical) hemostasis has been based on maximizing activation of platelets and accelerating coagulation pathways. The studies reported herein examine another aspect of blood contact with topical hemostasis materials, i.e., surface binding of red blood cells (RBCs) and related alterations in RBC morphology. Whole blood was allowed to contact poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine (pGlcNAc) containing materials: pGlcNAc nanofibers with parallel polymer alignment (β‐pGlcNAc), chitin, and chitosan. The effect on RBC morphology and function via contact with the artificial surfaces on the cell's morphology was examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). β‐pGlcNAc was found to densely bind RBCs and induce a stomatocytic‐like morphology. Chitin and chitosan also bound RBCs, but with approximately 10‐fold lower levels and with less distinct general morphologies. β‐pGlcNAc is thus unique in the nature of its interaction with RBCs. These studies indicate that the differential ability of various materials to bind and alter the morphology of RBCs at the artificial surface interface with blood is an important consideration in the design of devices for surface hemostasis. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid detection of microorganisms with nanoparticles and electron microscopy
Authors: Naja Ghinwa , Hrapovic Sabahudin , Male Keith , Bouvrette Pierre , Luong John H. T. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRapid detection of microorganisms is highly desirable. A procedure has been developed based on interactions between gold nanoparticles and proteins of microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Rhodococcus rhodochrous, and Candida sp.) followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanoparticle‐cell interaction was confirmed by ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy (UVRS) in the SEM focus. Cell suspensions in a buffer were interacted with gold nanoparticles (<10 nm in diameter) prepared from tetrachloroauric acid and sodium borohydride. Possible interference of elevated salt concentrations was eliminated by dialysis in deionized water. Small (10 μL) aliquots of cell‐nanoparticle suspensions were dried on a silicon wafer and photographed under an SEM. Characteristic bacterial or yeast cell images in the micrographs indicated the actual presence of microorganisms in the suspension examined. This was further confirmed by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nurse staffing ratios: Trends and policy implications for hospitalists and the safety net
Authors: Conway Patrick H. , Tamara Konetzka R. , Zhu Jingsan , Volpp Kevin G. , Sochalski Julie 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Mandated minimum nurse‐to‐patient staffing ratio legislation was passed in California in 1999 and implemented January 1, 2004. Nurse staffing legislation is being considered in at least 25 other states.OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate nurse staffing trends in California from 1993 to 2004, (2) to identify types of hospitals below minimum staffing ratios and staffing changes in 2004, the first year post‐implementation; and (3) to discuss possible implications of nurse staffing on hospitalists and their hospital‐based initiatives.DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS:We analyzed data from the medical‐surgical units of all short‐term acute‐care general hospitals in California from 1993 to 2004. The annual hospital staffing ratio is composed of the combined hours of registered nurses and licensed vocational nurses and total number of patient days on medical‐surgical units.RESULTS:Nurse staffing ratios were relatively unchanged from 1993 to 1999 and then increased significantly from 1999 to 2004, with the largest increase in 2004, the year the nurse staffing ratio was implemented. Types of hospitals more likely to be below minimum ratios had a high Medicaid/uninsured patient population and were government owned, nonteaching, urban, and in more competitive markets. Most hospitals below ratios were considered part of the health care “safety net.”CONCLUSIONS:Nurse staffing legislation may increase nurse staffing. However, mandated nurse staffing ratios without mechanisms to help achieve ratios may force hospitals, especially safety‐net hospitals, to make tradeoffs in other services or investments with unintended negative consequences for patients. Nurse staffing likely influences the outcomes of hospitalist‐led quality initiatives, but these effects need to be explored further. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:193–199. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
New and old challenges of sports drug testing
Authors: Botrè Francesco 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis brief note gives a general overview on the activity of the antidoping laboratories accredited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA), outlining the evolution, over the last four decades, of the analytical methods and techniques in the detection of prohibited substances and methods. Special emphasis is given to the future trends of the fight against doping in sports, as seen from the perspective of a laboratory scientist, in the wider context of fair play, health protection, and perception of the activity of the antidoping laboratories by the general public. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular structure and vibrational spectra of 3 (or 4 or 6)‐methyl‐5‐nitro‐2‐pyridinethiones: FT‐IR, FT‐Raman and DFT quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Wandas M. , Lorenc J. , Kucharska E. , Ma̧czka M. , Hanuza J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIR and Raman spectra (RS) of polycrystalline 3‐(or 4 or 6)‐methyl‐5‐nitro‐2‐pyridinethione have been measured and analyzed by means of density functional theory (DFT) quantum chemical calculations. The B3LYP/6‐311G(2d,2p) approach has been applied for both the thiol and thione tautomers due to the possibility of the formation of these two thiole forms. Molecular structures of these compounds have been optimized starting from different molecular geometries of the thiol group and thione group. Two conformations of the 2‐mercaptopyridine, trans and cis, have been taken into account. It was shown that the studied compounds appear in the solid state in the thione form. The effect of the hydrogen‐bond formation in the studied compounds has been considered. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical, Morphological and Rheological Study of Melt‐Mixed Polystyrene/Copper Nanowire Nanocomposites
Authors: Lin Bin , Gelves Genaro A. , Haber Joel A. , Pötschke Petra , Sundararaj Uttandaraman 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPolystyrene and copper nanowires were melt‐mixedat 200 °C and 50 rpm in 5 mL and 15 mL DSM co‐rotating conical micro‐compounders (DSM5 and DSM 15), respectively. The electrical, morphological and rheological properties of the resulting nanocomposites were studied. The electrical percolation of nanocomposites is between 1.0 and 2.0 vol.‐% for the composites prepared in DSM5 and above 2.0 vol.‐% for the composites prepared in DSM15. SEM micrographs show smaller copper nanowire agglomerates inside polystyrene from DSM15 than those from DSM5. However, TEM micrographs reveal that both single copper nanowires and nanowire bundles coexist in the polymer matrix for the samples prepared in both micro‐compounders. No obvious microstructure transition is detected by the dynamic rheological data at 200 °C.magnified image