bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, microscopic and ultrastructural alterations due to mustard gas poisoning
Authors: Dowlati A. , Dowlati Y. , Hermanns‐Lě T. , Piérard G.E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractYperite, as a chemical weapon, is responsible for severe cutaneous alterations. In this article we review the clinical aspects of mustard gas poisoning and present the electron microscopic changes found in the epidermis and superficial dermis. Sublethal and lethal alterations were present in keratinocytes and melanocytes. Other cytological aspects indicated attempts at cell division and increased metabolic activity. Some atypical features raise the possibility of mutagenesis.
Chronic giant ulceration of the vulva in an HIV seropositive woman
Authors: Carlin E.M. , Tomlinson D.R. , Byrne M.A. , Harris J.R.W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is a common cause of genital ulceration. Primary presentation is usually with multiple, small, discrete, tender ulcers. We report an unusual case of chronic, giant ulceration of the vulva in a woman immunosuppressed by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This was the first presentation of symptomatic disease. The diagnosis of HSV infection was made initially on histological examination of a punch biopsy from the ulcer and subsequently confirmed by viral isolation. The response to antiviral therapy with acyclovir was rapid. Other causes of genital ulceration are discussed and we highlight the diagnostic benefit of histological examination of a punch biopsy.
Diagnosis and treatment of urethritis in men
Authors: Thin R.N. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractUrethritis in men may be divided into gonococcal or non‐gonococcal. These cannot be distinguished by symptoms and signs. Gram stain and culture remain the best methods for diagnosing uncomplicated lower genital tract gonorrhoea. Uncomplicated gonorrhoea responds to a single dose of a suitable antimicrobial, the choice of dose and drug depending on antimicrobial sensitivity. In non‐gonococcal urethritis, Chlamydia trachomatis may be identified in up to 58% of cases by cell culture or antigen identification methods, such as immunofluorescence or enzyme assay, with cell culture being the gold standard. Chlamydia responds to a minimum 6‐day course of a tetracycline or erythromycin, though longer courses are frequently prescribed. Resolution of symptoms, signs and evidence of urethritis may be a problem. Management of urethritis includes sexual partner notification, examination, investigation and treatment. Rapid accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are vital to prevent complications, to control spread, and to minimize the role of gonococci and chlamydia in the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Orthopaedic metallic implants in extremity fractures and contact allergy
Authors: Hindsén Monica , Carlsson Åke S. , Möller Halvor 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBecause of reports of sensitization and/or elicitation of contact allergy to orthopaedic metallic implants we performed a prospective study in 60 patients operated for extremity fractures. The implants, consisting of plates, screws, wires, pins and staples, were all made of stainless steel. The patients were tested epicutaneously and intracutaneously with nickel, cobalt and chromium within 2 days of surgery and one year later. It was possible to retest and evaluate 48 patients (80%). Of these 48 patients three were tested positive to nickel at the primary testing; they were also positive at the secondary testing. The remaining 45 patients were all negative to the three metals at both test occasions. There were no dermatologic or orthopaedic complications due to the materials used. The present prospective study did not reveal any cases of contact allergy or dermatitis as a consequence of metallic bioimplants in the treatment of extremity fractures.
Acne fulminans (acute febrile ulcerative conglobate acne) treated with isotretinoin: a case report
Authors: Maher Thomas , Rogers Sarah 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA 16‐year‐old boy was treated for acne fulminans (AF) with isotretinoin when the acute inflammatory stage had been suppressed with oral corticosteroids. From our experience of this case and from our review of the literature, we recommend that isotretinoin should be withheld during the acute, inflammatory phase of AF in order to prevent exacerbation of the condition.
Activation of keratinocyte muscarinic acetylcholine receptors reverses pemphigus acantholysis
Authors: Grando Sergei A. , Dahl Mark V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe studied neuroendocrine mediator regulation of adhesion and motility of human epidermal keratinocytes (EK) and found that cholinergic compounds control EK cell‐matrix and cell‐cell attachment. In this study, we tested the anti‐acantholytic activity of muscarinic agonists in pemphigus and non‐pemphigus acantholysis, and investigated the effects of pemphigus antibody (Pab) on the the keratinocyte muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR). Acantholysis produced by Pab from two patients with pemphigus vulgaris was compared with acantholysis induced by the serine protease trypsin. the calcium chelator EOT A or the muscarinic antagonist atropine. Trypsinized EK first lost contact with microplate surface and then retracted their intercellular filaments. EDTA‐treated cells first detached from each other and then from the dish. EK cultures treated with Pab or atropine rounded up and retracted their intercellular filaments simultaneously, although it took hours to obtain acantholysis with Pab treatment compared to several seconds with atropine treatment. Addition of acetylcholine or other muscarinic agonists (bethanechol. carbachol or methacholine) to acantholytic cultures reversed both pemphigus and non‐pemphigus acantholysis. Acantholysis induced by atropine reversed spontaneously. Short‐term preexposure of EK to Pab significantly increased, and long‐term preexposure significantly decreased, the [3H]atropine binding to keratinocyte mAChR. We conclude that muscarinic agonists reverse various types of acantholysis. including acantholysis induced by Pab, and that binding of Pab to EK may affect the ability of keratinocyte mAChR to bind its ligands.
Alcohol and skin disorders*
Authors: Rothenborg Hans W. , Andersen Helene Bryde 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground Little is known about skin changes associated with or caused by alcohol intake.Patients and methods In this open study, 65 patients affected with rosacea, rubeosis faciei, pruritus, eczema, non‐healing ulcers and psoriasis were examined for signs of high alcohol intake. Thirty‐two had elevated aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and/or gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels. These patients were interviewed about their drinking habits. As ASAT and/or GGT had been found elevated, it was suggested that they abstain from alcohol. Of the 32 patients with a confirmed regular alcohol intake eight dropped out. The remaining 24 accepted the suggestion and came back for monthly clinical and laboratory controls. Their laboratory values normalized in 2‐3 months parallel with healing or improvement of skin symptoms. The 32 patients with dermatoses associated with high alcohol intake were found in a series of 900 consecutive new patients, i.e., over 3%.Conclusions Dermatological patients with increase of ASAT and/or GGT of unknown origin should be suspected to have a high alcohol intake. These patients should be persuaded to try total abstinence for at least 2 months before initiating any dermatological treatment.
High doses and low doses of α2‐interferon plus Zidovudine in the management of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Hernåndez Dimas E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground α‐2‐lnterferon (α2‐IFN) is recommended as an effective agent for the treatment of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma (EKS).Objective Trial of efficacy of low dose α2,‐IFN plus Zidovudine (AZT) for the treatment of EKS.Study design Non‐randomised study.Subjects Ten homosexual or bi‐sexual male patients with cutaneous lesions of Kaposi's Sarcoma, divided into two equal groups.Intervention High doseα2‐IFN (10‐30 million units/three times per week) alone, or combination of low doseα2‐IFN (5 million units three times per week) with AZT (500 mg/day).Results High dose, IFN: 3 stable disease and 2 disease progression. Low dose, IFN plus AZT: 1 complete remission, 2 partial remissions and 2 stable disease.Outcome Preliminary results suggest the usefulness of low dose α2‐IFN plus AZT in the treatment of cutaneous lesions of EKS without visceral involvement.
Acyclovir‐resistant herpes simplex virus infection in HIV‐infected patients: a report of three cases and a review of management
Authors: Murphy M. , Monteiro E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCase reports Three cases of acyclovir‐resistant ano‐genital HSV infection.Management review Acyclovir‐resistant mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are increasingly seen in patients with advanced HIV disease. The primary mechanism of resistance is deficiency of virus specific thymidine kinase. Foscarnet, a pyrophosphate analogue, which directly inhibits HSV DNA polymerase is an effective therapeutic alternative to acyclovir, and is commonly used. Topical trifluridine recently has been useful as a non‐toxic alternative to foscarnet. Management of recusrrent episodes of acyclovir‐resistant HSV infection following successful inital or induction therapy with foscarnet requires development of a clear strategy for effective suppressive therapy.
Reticular erythematous mucinosis
Authors: Lotti T. , Benci M. , Lorusso B. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractReticular erythematous mucinosis is a rare syndrome which can be misdiagnosed as seborrhoeic dermatitis. This long‐lasting skin disease, which is characterized by the histological presence of deposits of mucin in the dermis, usually responds to treatment with per os hydroxychloroquine, 400 mg/day, for 3 months.
Treatment of anogenital warts
Authors: Handley J. , Dinsmore W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis article critically reviews both established and experimental treatment modalities for anogenital (AG) warts. Efficacy, cost, safety, advantages and disadvantages of each therapy are directly compared and treatment algorithms are suggested. Treatment of AG warts in pregnant women and prepubertal children is discussed. As AG warts are a sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention of infection and the need to screen and treat patients and their sexual partners for other concurrent infections is stressed. The majority of patients with AG warts also have subclinical or latent HPV infection/associated disease of the AG tract. In this regard alt such women should be screened for the presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).
Pilomatricoma. A clinical, histopathologic and histochemical study of 22 patients
Authors: Galadari Ibrahim , Helmy Mohamed M. , Abdul Gamal M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe have studied the clinical, histopathologic and histochemical features of pilornatricoma in a series of 22 cases. In early lesions, basophilic cells constituted the main tumor cell population and underwent four ways of maturation. Calcification was observed in 16 cases and ossification in two lesions. Melanin pigment was found in seven specimens and hemosiderin in six. Glycogen granules were present in most tumor parenchyma and less frequently in the stroma. Mitotic figures were frequent but cellular atypia was not observed.
Food‐induced contact urticaria syndrome (CUS) in young children with atopic dermatitis: practical consequences
Authors: Oranje Arnold P. , de Waard‐van der Spek Flora B. , van Oostende Lianne , Aarsen Roland S.R. , van Toorenenbergen Albert W. , Dieges Paul H. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractEight children, aged less than 5 years, with atopic dermatitis (AD) and food‐induced contact urticaria are described. These cases illustrate the clinical importance of food‐induced contact urticaria. The symptoms can be easily provoked and imitated in children under 4 years of age using the ‘Skin Application Food Test’ (SAFT). This test includes the application of foods on the skin, in the form they are consumed. The clinician should pay attention to clinical symptoms of immediate‐contact reactions, easy to recognize. The common skin symptoms are swollen face, in particular the lips, and itching or pain in the mouth and (contact) urticaria. Another dominating symptom is evident refusal of foods. Non‐immunological irritation reactions are also common in these children. Confusion with irritation reactions is first avoided of all by strict selective interpretation of the history told by the mother; and second, both the SAFT and the CAP RAST are positive only in immune‐mediated processes.
The dermatological spectrum of Turner syndrome
Authors: Borroni G. , Larizza D. , Vignati G. , Zaccone C. , Zanetta R. , Vignoli G.P. , Brazzelli V. , Bobba C. , Rabbiosi G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTurner syndrome, characterized by monosomy of X chromosome, has a peculiar phenotype, including short stature, sexual infantilism, cardiovascular, renal, skeletal and skin abnormalities (in particular melanocytic naevi and skin appendage abnormalities). Fifty‐four patients affected by Turner syndrome were investigated. The skin and adnexal changes of Turner syndrome patients were analysed and their frequency was correlated with two karyotype groups (45, X and mosaicism group). A wide spectrum of skin findings was observed in Turner syndrome; in particular melanocytic naevi and pterygium colli were the most frequent findings. Pterygium colli was more frequent in patients with X monosomy than in those with other karyotypes (P < 0.05). The frequency of congenital/congenital‐naevus‐like naevi (CN/CNLN) and acquired melanocytic naevi (AN) (81.6%) was higher in Turner syndrome subjects, independently of their karyotype, than in the general Caucasian population. However, there was an unexpectedly high frequency of ichthyotic changes, café‐au‐lait spots and halo naevi. Hypertrichosis, nail changes and keloid formation were also seen. No significant correlation was found between these dermatological findings and the two karyotype groups considered.Although there are no reports on the occurrence of melanoma in Turner syndrome, given the high prevalence of both small congenital and acquired naevi, these patients should also be considered for melanoma prevention.
Congenital linear psoriasis: case report and differences with ILVEN
Authors: Loòpez‐Avila A. , Diíaz E. Rodriíguez , Vicente I. Hernaández , Armesto S. , Armijo M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe report the case of a 5‐year‐old child who from birth had five erythemato‐desquamative papulous lesions with a verrucose surface and linear distribution in the proximal region of the lower left leg not following the lines of Blashko. The morphological aspect and the evolution of the lesions, data from physical exploration of the skin and adnexa, the characteristics of the histopathology and its association with HLA Cw6 led us to diagnose congenital linear psoriasis. Differential diagnosis was established basically with ILVEN since distinction between the two entities is now traditional. We took into consideration the fact that linear psoriasis is a particular entity and can occur congenially, as in the case reported; although this is an exceptional occurrence.
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and β–δ thalassaemia
Authors: Rodriguez–Cano L. , Luelmo‐Aguilar J. , Mieras‐Barceló C. , Salvador‐Rodriguez F. , Castells‐Rodellas A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA case of β–δ thalassaemia and pseudoxanthoma elasticum without angioid streaks is reported. To the best of our knowledge, this association has not been reported previously. The possible pathogenic mechanisms of pseudoxanthoma elasticum in relation to chronic hemolytic diseases are discussed.
Spiney hyperkeratosis with hair shaft alterations, keratitis and deafness
Authors: Bosch R.J. , Alcaraz M.V. , Herrera E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTwo males and a female in a family of seven children from consanguineous parents showed a generalized ichthyosiform dermatosis characterised by spiney hyperkeratosis. Bilateral neurosensory deafness affected only the older child, aged 10 who, in addition, was totally blind. His 1–year–old brother developed photophobia and severe corneal ulcers, and his 5–year–old sister suffered from dry eyes due to scarcity of tears. The three patients showed hair defects, with different degrees of alopecia and alterations of the hair–shaft, including eliptical cross–section tike woolly–hair. We stress the clear recessive inheritance of this association, its wide clinical variability and the less known hair shaft alterations.
Stress, attachment and skin diseases: a case‐control study
Authors: Russiello Fulvia , Arciero Giampiero , Decaminada Franco , Corona Rosamaria , Ferrigno Luigina , Fucci Monica , Pasquini Massimo , Pasquini Paolo 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives In this case‐control study we tested the hypothesis of an association between some psychosomatic skin diseases, attachment style and stress.Patients and methods A total of 177 cases and 194 controls seen between November 1992 and November 1993 at the Istituto Dermopatico dell'lmmacolata (IDD) in Rome, were enrolled into the study. Cases were outpatients with first diagnosis of hyperidrosis, chronic urticaria, generalized pruritus or alopecia areata. Controls were outpatients seen in the same period of time with first diagnosis of pigmenled nevi, keratosis or mycosis. The presence and weight of life stress events were assessed by u standard precoded questionnaire based on the Schedule of Recent Experiences (SRE) and on the Life Experiences Survey (LES). The attachment style was assessed by a modified version of the Shaver and Hazan questionnaire about feelings in a love relationship. We calculated 3 scores for each individual and classified study subjects in 2 groups: 1) "free" (= secure attachment); 2) "not free" (not secure attachment: anxious‐ambivalent or avoidant). Questionnaires were self‐administered in the presence of a trained psychologist. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated using a multiple logistic function.Results No association was found between the different stress scores and the skin diseases considered. The crude odds ratio for life stress events in the previous year was 1.4 (95% CI 0.8–2.7). After multiple adjustment for age, sex, marital status and education, the estimated OR was 1.6 (95% CI 0.8–3.0). One significant association emerged between the adult attachment style defined as “not free” and psychosomatic skin diseases: the adjusted OR was 4.0 (95% CI 1.4–12).
Kaposi's sarcoma and rheumatoid arthritis: a possible immunogenic and drug interaction
Authors: Satta Rosanna , Cottoni Francesca , Contu Licinio , Mulargia Marina , Montesu M. Antonia 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground In the literature, Kaposi's sarcoma‐rheumatoid arthritis association is reported and it has been suggested that genetic predisposition may play an important role. Numerous studies indicate that immunological deficiency may also have an important role in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma, along with a series of others factors.Patients and methods We present two cases of Sardinian women with rheumathoid arthritis and Kaposi's sarcoma where the relationship between the drugs used for the treatment of the former (particularly gold salts) and Kaposi's sarcoma is highlighted. In addition, their genetic background is delineated.Conclusion Our findings suggest that genetic background associated with drugs plays a role in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Melasma. Classification and treatment
Authors: Katsambas A. , Antoniou Ch. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMelasma is a cosmetic problem that sometimes causes great emotional suffering. The two most important causative factors are sunlight and genetic predisposition. Moreover, natural and synthetic estrogens, the use of certain drugs and the use of cosmetics with certain components have been implicated as etiologic factors. For the treatment of melasma, the elimination of the factors that are associated with the abnormality of pigmentation, is essential (discontinuation of birth control pills, avoidance of sun exposure). From the many medications that have been used in the treatment of melasma, Hydroquinone alone at a concentration of 2‐5%, or in combination with tretinoin or tretinoin and corticosteroids, is now the most widely used preparations. New phenolic compounds and Azelaic acid are also used. Medium depth chemical peeling alone or in combination with other bleaching agents has also been tried with success in some cases. Finally, the use of lasers is discussed.
Ambulatory treatment of metastatic melanoma associating subcutaneous dacarbazine, interferon α and interleukin‐2
Authors: Dréno B. , Cupissol D. , Joly P. , Sassolas B. , Bonneterre T. , Tourani J.M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground Recent studies have shown that interleukin–2 (IL2) is less toxic when administered subcutaneously than intravenously. Moreover interferon α and Dacarbazine could increase the efficiency of IL2.Patients and methods Nineteen ambulatory patients with metastatic melanoma (1 stage 111 and 18 stage IV) were treated with an association of dacarbazine 400 mg/m2, interferon α2a (Roferon) 9 × l06 IU 3 times per week administered subcutaneously and recombinant interleukin‐2 (IL–2) (Eurocetus) 3 × 106 IU five days per week for two weeks per month subcutaneously. The treatment consisted of 2 induction cures separated by a one‐month interval followed by evaluation studies.Results At the end of the induction phase. 2 complete and 3 partial responses (response rate 26.2%) were observed. These responses were obtained in patients with sinus (1 case), skin (3 cases), lymph node (2 cases), bone (1 case) and liver (I case) targets. The mean response period was 10 months for the 2 complete responses. No patients had grade 4 toxicity, and treatment was stopped for only one patient. Painful subcutaneous nodules frequently (23%) formed at the injection site.Conclusion The association of subcutaneously administered dacarbazine, interferon α and IL2 would thus seem of interest for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Moreover, toxicity is tolerable and compatible with ambulatory treatment ensuring the patient a decent quality of life.
Recreational sunbeds and climacteric xerosis
Authors: Piérard Gérald E. , Nikkels‐Tassoudji Nazli , Piérard‐Franchimont Claudine 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground The influence of menopause on photoaging is largely unknown despite the fact that climacteric xerosis after sun exposure is a common complaint in clinical practice.Objective The purpose of the study was to determine whether frequent use of recreational sunbeds affects the skin during the perimenopause.Methods Biometrological evaluations were performed in 172 women who frequently used sunheds and in 79 age‐matched women without this habit. Measurements included capacitance, transepidermal water loss and squamometry performed on the forearms.Results Compared to controls, women who used sunbeds had an overall lower capacitance without specific age‐related influence. Higher transepidermal water loss and squamometry values were found in the sunbed users, particularly in the perimenopausal group.Conclusion The UVA‐related changes in the epidermis appear to be more severe during the perimenopause than in other age groups. Altered intercorneocyte cohesion and impaired skin barrier function prove to be important features of climacteric xerosis.