bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chloride Concentration on the Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) of CRA Tubulars and Methods to Enhance SCC Resistance in High-Temperature Environments
Authors: Javora Paul H. , Ke Mingjie , Schultz Katrina 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Recent failures of corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) production tubing and sand control screens due to stress corrosion cracking have been reported. Investigation of these field failures revealed that calcium chloride completion brine or brine containing calcium chloride was a major component in most failures. Consequently, a growing perception is developing that calcium chloride or even calcium chloride/calcium bromide completion brine should not be considered for use in wells completed with high strength CRA tubulars in high-temperature, high-pressure environments. The impact that completion brine, temperature and acid gas have on the SCC of CRA materials in oilfield environments have been presented in several SPE and NACE publications. However, it becomes necessary to further understand the SCC behavior of high strength CRA materials in brines containing calcium chloride and/or calcium bromide, the most widely used, economical completion brines and packer fluids. The question remains: is there a chloride concentration below which high-strength CRA materials can be safely used in high-temperature well completions.
Results for CRA materials tested in calcium chloride, calcium chloride/calcium bromide, and calcium bromide brine for SCC resistance are presented, and the relationship between chloride concentration, type of CRA material, and temperature is discussed. Methods to enhance SCC resistance and minimize the sensitivity of CRA materials to its environment are presented. Practical guidelines for the use of completion brine with CRA metallurgy and chemical treatment is discussed. Results obtained from this study are provided to better design safe, economical completion brine and packer fluids for wells completed with high strength CRA tubulars.
A New Method of Plunger Lift Dynamic Analysis and Optimal Design for Gas Well Deliquification
Authors: Tang Yula , Liang Zheng 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This work presents a new dynamic model to describe the plunger motion by considering the changes of the tubing and casing pressures, liquid accumulation, liquid fallback, and the resistance force to the plunger. The characteristics of the tubing and casing pressures in plunger-lifted gas well are described quantitatively according to a field test data set. A better liquid accumulation mechanism is proposed. The effect of liquid falling back and liquid transfer from the tubing into the annulus during shutting-in period is specially considered for liquid accumulation and slug height modeling. The new method improves the prediction precision compared to the conventional methods that assume the constant tubing pressure for the entire process. The resistance coefficients of the plunge motion in four different phases are determined by combining the dynamic model with field test data. An example is given to illustrate the dynamic performance of plunger lift and the optimal design. The principle and approach to optimize plunger lift for dewatering gas well are proposed and discussed.
Multi-Row Steel PDC Drill Bit Technology Redefines Performance Standards in Hard, Interbedded, and Abrasive Applications
Authors: Beaton Tim , Krooshoop Mike , Herman J. J. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
One of the biggest ongoing challenges to the successful production of many hard, interbedded and abrasive applications is the ability to improve drilling efficiency. In many of these applications, the use of PDC drill bits has been sporadic as many formations have been labeled ‘not PDC drillable’. As a result, these intervals often include several trips to change out drill bits (both rollercone and PDC drill bits of different types) in an attempt to maximize drilling performance. While PDC drill bits have generally proven to drill with higher ROP than rollercone bits, in these difficult drilling environments, the ROP differential can be very small, and the durability differential can be very large.
A new line of steel bodied drill bits has recently been introduced that has shown dramatic improvements in drilling efficiency in highly difficult Western Canadian drilling applications. These new steel bodied drill bits incorporate a second row of PDC cutters to add durability to the bit while still remaining aggressive enough to drill at a high ROP. The use of steel as a body material makes it possible to have the best of both worlds – a bit with very high diamond volume for excellent durability (two rows of PDC cutters per blade) while also achieving a high void volume and large junk slot area for excellent cleaning. New techniques have also been developed to protect the steel body from the typical erosion and wear that has historically been seen in highly abrasive applications.
Recent runs with this new line of drill bits have been recorded in intervals and through formations previously only drilled with rollercone bits. The new technology developed for these bits allows higher ROP and longer runs in demanding applications. In one challenging well in British Colombia, a series of these new steel multi-row bits drilled nearly twice as fast and over 30% more footage per bit than a direct offset well – saving days off the drilling curve.
Pain and Regret
Authors: Haskett William J. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The assessment of Regret and Pain of Regret is an important decision focused step in the evaluation of significant go / no go decisions. Regret is the probability that the opportunity will fail to meet its objectives; that management will regret the decision made to enter, leave prematurely, or decline an opportunity. Pain of Regret is the magnitude of hurt or injury to the organization given the occurrence of Regret. Pain can be a loss of value, competitive advantage, resources, or even shareholder confidence. As with Risk and Uncertainty, or Dependency and Correlation, Regret and the Pain of Regret is a pairing of a probability gate and a ranged element. But more importantly, Regret and Pain strike to the very core of the decision process; they relate directly to the objectives of the opportunity whether they are economic, competitive, or strategic. As such, assessment of Pain and regret is more than a calculation.
While management often centers in on the expected NPV, and analysts have embraced the concept of probabilistic assessment, it is the avoidance of Pain and Regret that often carries the day. Pain and Regret assessment offers management a way to express, with clarity, the objectives expected for an opportunity in a broader context, as well as way to understand the threat to the organization from failure.
While Pain and Regret assessment is typically carried out in the context of project entry, the decision to walk from a project may also carry disappointment, especially when a competitor takes over and is successful. Unconventional Resource Plays can be a decision confidence minefield. How much do you invest in your pilot phase? How sure are you of a viable project? How big a threat of loss will you take before you elect to walk from a project? How confident do you have to (want to) be in your go forward decision? How likely are you to be making the wrong decision?
While it will never be possible to completely eliminate errors of commission or omission, understanding the potential Pain and Regret of a decision provides benefits well beyond possible value metric improvement, or identification of mitigation opportunities. Understanding Pain and Regret provides a more complete understanding of decisions and leads directly to confidence through clarity.
Thru-Tubing Conveyed ESP Pump Replacement--Live Well Intervention
Authors: Dinkins Walter , Tetzlaff Steve , Patterson John C. , Hunt Hai , Nezaticky Peter , Rodgers James , Chambers Bret 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc. (CPAI) began installing Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) on the North Slope in 1996. ConocoPhillips soon found that a frequent mode of ESP failure was pump wear caused by abrasives (sand/silt) or pump plugging (sand/scale). The high cost and long lead times associated with North Slope rig workovers drove the need to find an economical way to pull and replace worn or plugged pumps.
Thru-Tubing Conveyed (TTC) electric submersible pump technology was developed by Centrilift and ConocoPhillips to address this issue. TTC technology allows electric submersible pumps to be changed out on live wells without the need to kill the well and work it over. When a TTC pump replacement is performed, the pump is pulled and replaced with slickline or coiled tubing while the tubing, seal section, motor, power cable, and down hole gauges remain in place. The pump can be replaced as many times as necessary until a failure occurs in the tubing, seal section, motor, or power cable.
Centrilift and ConocoPhillips initially started with Thru-Tubing Conveyed Electric Submersible Progressive Cavity Pumps (TTCESPCP), which are capable of handling high solids production at lower rates. As well productivity increased with the shifting focus from vertical to horizontal/multilateral wells, TTC technology was adapted to centrifugal pumps to handle increased flow rates. The Thru-Tubing Conveyed Electric Submersible (centrifugal) pumps (TTCESP) are capable of handling high fluid and gas rates and moderately high solids production.
CPAI and Centrilift have run TTCESPCPs for 10 years and TTCESPs for seven years. This paper discusses the positive and negative results CPAI and Centrilift have experienced with TTCESPCP (progressive cavity) and TTCESP (centrifugal) systems. Lessons learned, ESP run life statistics, and economic analyses are included.
Constructing Bipolar Dual‐Active Sites through High‐Entropy‐Induced Electric Dipole Transition for Decoupling Oxygen Redox
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zheng Zhiyang , Gao Runhua , Xiao Xiao , Jiao Miaolun , Wang Boran , Zhou Guangmin , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt remains a significant challenge to construct active sites to break the trade‐off between oxidation and reduction processes occurring in battery cathodes with conversion mechanism, especially for the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER) involved in the zinc‐air batteries (ZABs). Here, using a high‐entropy‐driven electric dipole transition strategy to activate and stabilize the tetrahedral sites is proposed, while enhancing the activity of octahedral sites through orbital hybridization in a FeCoNiMnCrO spinel oxide, thus constructing bipolar dual‐active sites with high‐low valence states, which can effectively decouple ORR/OER. The FeCoNiMnCrO high‐entropy spinel oxide with severe lattice distortion, exhibits a strong 1s→4s electric dipole transition and intense t2g(Co)/eg(Ni)‐2p(OL) orbital hybridization that regulates the electronic descriptors, eg and t2g, which leads to the formation of low‐valence Co tetrahedral sites (Coth) and high‐valence Ni octahedral sites (Nioh), resulting in a higher half‐wave potential of 0.87 V on Coth sites and a lower overpotential of 0.26 V at 10 mA cm−2 on Nioh sites as well as a superior performance of ZABs compared to low/mild entropy spinel oxides. Therefore, entropy engineering presents a distinctive approach for designing catalytic sites by inducing novel electromagnetic properties in materials across various electrocatalytic reactions, particularly for decoupling systems.
Rational Design and Precise Synthesis of Single‐Atom Alloy Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes
Authors: Feng Haisong , Liu Wei , Wang Lei , Xu Enze , Pang Donghui , Ren Zhen , Wang Si , Zhao Shiquan , Deng Yuan , Liu Tianyong , Yang Yusen , Zhang Xin , Li Feng , Wei Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom alloys (SAAs) have gained increasing prominence in the field of selective hydrogenation reactions due to their uniform distribution of active sites and the unique host‐guest metal interactions. Herein, 15 SAAs are constructed to comprehensively elucidate the relationship between host‐guest metal interaction and catalytic performance in the selective hydrogenation of 4‐nitrostyrene (4‐NS) by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results demonstrate that the SAAs with strong host‐guest metal interactions exhibit a preference for N─O bond cleavage, and the reaction energy barrier of the hydrogenation process is primarily influenced by the host metal. Among them, Ir1Ni SAA stands out as the prime catalyst candidate, showcasing exceptional activity and selectivity. Furthermore, the Ir1Ni SAA is subsequently prepared through precise synthesis techniques and evaluated in the selective hydrogenation of 4‐NS to 4‐aminostyrene (4‐AS). As anticipated, the Ir1Ni SAA demonstrates extraordinary catalytic performance (yield > 96%). In situ FT‐IR experiments and DFT calculations further confirmed that the unique host‐guest metal interaction at the Ir‐Ni interface site of Ir1Ni SAA endows it with excellent 4‐NS selective hydrogenation ability. This work provides valuable insights into enhancing the performance of SAAs catalysts in selective hydrogenation reactions by modulating the host‐guest metal interactions.
Engineering of Zinc Finger Nucleases Through Structural Modeling Improves Genome Editing Efficiency in Cells
Authors: Katayama Shota , Watanabe Masahiro , Kato Yoshio , Nomura Wataru , Yamamoto Takashi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGenome Editing is widely used in biomedical research and medicine. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are smaller in size than transcription activator‐like effector (TALE) nucleases (TALENs) and CRISPR‐Cas9. Therefore, ZFN‐encoding DNAs can be easily packaged into a viral vector with limited cargo space, such as adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors, for in vivo and clinical applications. ZFNs have great potential for translational research and clinical use. However, constructing functional ZFNs and improving their genome editing efficiency is extremely difficult. Here, the efficient construction of functional ZFNs and the improvement of their genome editing efficiency using AlphaFold, Coot, and Rosetta are described. Plasmids encoding ZFNs consisting of six fingers using publicly available zinc‐finger resources are assembled. Two functional ZFNs from the ten ZFNs tested are successfully obtained. Furthermore, the engineering of ZFNs using AlphaFold, Coot, or Rosetta increases the efficiency of genome editing by 5%, demonstrating the effectiveness of engineering ZFNs based on structural modeling.
Advanced Cellulosic Materials Toward High‐Performance Metal Ion Batteries
Authors: Wei Jing , Ma Qianyi , Teng Youchao , Yang Tingzhou , Wong Ka Ho , Cui Yunqi , Zheng Bowu , Li Dagang , Luo Dan , Yu Aiping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNanocellulose and its derivatives represent the most abundant biopolymers on Earth, offering a wide range of advantages, including versatility in preparation, customizable functional group incorporation, and compatibility with various materials. They open up new horizons in the development of various types of metal‐ion batteries (MIBs). This work concisely categorizes nanocellulose design strategies, including rational isolation, surface chemical enhancement, and effective physical treatments. Subsequently, an overview of recent advancements in utilizing nanocellulose and its derivatives to enhance the performance of MIBs, from lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) to post lithium‐ion batteries (e.g., Na+, K+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+) are provided. The pivotal roles of nanocellulose in electrode design, interface engineering, electrolyte modification, and binder optimization are highlighted. Lastly, the challenges and prospects of utilizing nanocellulose and its derivatives in MIBs are delved into. This work aims to comprehensively cover recent developments in nanocellulose surface modification strategies and illuminate their current applications in emerging MIBs with impressive energy and power densities.
Early synapsids neurosensory diversity revealed by CT and synchrotron scanning
Authors: Benoit J. , Araujo R. , Lund E. S. , Bolton A. , Lafferty T. , Macungo Z. , Fernandez V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNon‐mammaliaform synapsids (NMS) represent the closest relatives of today's mammals among the early amniotes. Exploring their brain and nervous system is key to understanding how mammals evolved. Here, using CT and Synchrotron scanning, we document for the first time three extreme cases of neurosensory and behavioral adaptations that probe into the wide range of unexpected NMS paleoneurological diversity. First, we describe adaptations to low‐frequency hearing and low‐light conditions in the non‐mammalian cynodont Cistecynodon parvus, supporting adaptations to an obligatory fossorial lifestyle. Second, we describe the uniquely complex and three‐dimensional maxillary canal morphology of the biarmosuchian Pachydectes elsi, which suggests that it may have used its cranial bosses for display or low‐energy combat. Finally, we introduce a paleopathology found in the skull of Moschognathus whaitsi. Since the specimen was not fully grown, this condition suggests the possibility that this species might have engaged in playful fighting as juveniles—a behavior that is both social and structured. Additionally, this paper discusses other evidence that could indicate that tapinocephalid dinocephalians were social animals, living and interacting closely with one another. Altogether, these examples evidence the wide range of diversity of neurological structures and complex behavior in NMS.
Event‐triggered H∞ control for fractional‐order time‐delay systems
Authors: Cong Huong Dinh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of designing event‐triggered
state feedback controllers for uncertain fractional‐order systems subject to time‐varying delays. An event‐triggered
controller is proposed based on an event‐triggered mechanism and the refined fractional‐order Razumikhin theorem. This controller guarantees the uniformly asymptotic stability of the controlled system while maintaining a predefined
performance index. The uniformly asymptotic stability of the controlled system is understood that the zero solution of the uncertain fractional‐order time‐delay systems without external disturbance is uniformly asymptotically stable. The main difficulty of this problem lies in the memory and heritability characteristics of the fractional‐order calculus operator, particularly in the context of delayed fractional‐order systems, where preventing the occurrence of the Zeno phenomenon is paramount. The Zeno phenomenon exists when an infinite number of discrete transitions occur in a finite time interval. To overcome this difficulty, new event‐triggered
state feedback controllers without Zeno behaviors are designed based on inequality techniques and several essential properties of fractional‐order calculus. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are demonstrated by a numerical example.
Fixed‐time observer‐based heading control of a paraglider recovery system with input saturation
Authors: Guo Yiming , Yan Jianguo , Xing Xiaojun , Xiao Bing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates a challenging heading control problem for a flexible paraglider recovery system with input saturation. A fixed‐time observer‐based control approach is presented. In this approach, a fixed‐time disturbance observer is preliminarily designed to estimate the aerodynamic uncertainties and the complex coupling of the subsystems. A fixed‐time auxiliary system is then proposed to compensate for input saturation impact. With the application of the estimated and compensation values, a novel heading tracking controller is synthesized with compensated disturbance. The key feature of the scheme is that it is not only fixed time stable regardless of any initial state, but also it prevents control performance degradation due to input saturation and various disturbances. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Highly sensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of mometasone furoate in human plasma: Method validation and application to clinical pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Heudi Olivier , Jain Monish , Winter Serge 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe report the development and the validation of a sensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for mometasone furoate (MF) analysis in human plasma. Plasma samples were processed through liquid–liquid extraction and analyzed using LC‐MS/MS operating in positive mode using multiple reaction monitoring of transitions m/z 520.9 → 355.0 and m/z 525.8 → 355.0 for MF and the internal standard (IS), respectively. Separation was achieved at 1.0 mL/min on a C18 column using a gradient elution of mobile phase of 0.05% ammonia in water (phase A) and acetonitrile (phase B). The assay range was 0.250–100 pg/mL and proved to be accurate and precise MF. Normalized recoveries were consistent and reproducible with a coefficient of variation (CV%) value of 6.0. The CV (%) of the IS normalized matrix factor was not observed in normal, lipemic, and hemolyzed plasmas. Dilutions of 1:10 were accurately quantified. A cycle of three freeze and thaw and stabilities at room temperature and on the autosampler were demonstrated. In addition, MF in the presence of indacaterol and glycopyrronium was proven to be stable at −70°C for at least 157 days. The present method was successfully applied to quantify MF in patients receiving MF, indacaterol, and glycopyrronium as a fixed‐dose combination.
Method development and validation for the estimation of gedatolisib in mouse plasma by tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetics studies
Authors: A B Vinod , Das Arunava 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA simple and a sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of gedatolisib in mouse plasma. The extraction technique involved a simple precipitation method to extract gedatolisib and idelalisib (internal standard) from mouse plasma. A clean chromatographic separation of gedatolisib and the internal standard was achieved on an Atlantis dC18 column using an isocratic mobile phase (10 mm ammonium formate and acetonitrile; 30:70% v/v, both supplemented with 0.1% formic acid) delivered at a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min. The total run time was 2.0 min, and gedatolisib and idelalisib were eluted at 0.80 and 0.95 min, respectively. Gedatolisib was monitored at m/z 616.40 → 488.20 and idelalisib at 416.05 → 176.10. All the required parameters for the method validation were performed as per US Food and Drug Administration guidelines, and the results were within the acceptance criteria. The method was accurate and proved to be precise at a linearity range of 1.33–2667 ng/ml. The accuracy for gedatolisib in mouse plasma was in the ranges 0.99–1.06% (intra‐day) and 0.96–1.04% (inter‐day). Gedatolisib appeared to be stable in a series of stability conditions. Gedatolisib showed a good intravenous profile when administered through a solution formulation.