bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene-nutrient interactions among determinants of folate and one-carbon metabolism on the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: NCI-SEER Case-Control Study
Authors: Lim Unhee , Wang Sophia S. , Hartge Patricia , Cozen Wendy , Kelemen Linda E. , Chanock Stephen , Davis Scott , Blair Aaron , Schenk Maryjean , Rothman Nathaniel , Lan Qing 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe previously reported a lower risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) associated with high consumption of vitamin B6 and methionine, dietary determinants of one-carbon metabolism. Evidence has linked genetic variants involved in one-carbon metabolism to NHL. We investigated 30 polymorphisms in 18 genes for their main effect on NHL among 1141 incident cases and 949 population-based controls and examined gene-nutrient interactions in a subgroup of 386 cases and 319 controls who provided detailed food-frequency information. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for age, sex, and race. We observed a decreased risk of NHL overall with BHMT Ex8+453A>T and increased risk with CBS Ex13+41C>T, FPGS Ex15-263T>C, and SHMT1 Ex12+138C>T and Ex12+236C>T. Furthermore, significant gene-nutrient interactions limited the protective association comparing high versus low vitamin B6 to FPGS Ex15-263T>C CC (OR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.10-0.52), MTHFS IVS2-1411T>G TT/TG (OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.36-0.81), and MTR Ex26-20A>G AA (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.35-0.86) genotypes, and the protective association of methionine to FTHFD Ex10-40G>T GG (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.44-0.91), MTHFR Ex8-62A>C CC (OR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.04-0.39), and MTRR Ex5+136T>C TT (OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.47-0.97) genotypes. Warranting replication, our finding of gene-nutrient interactions in one-carbon metabolism supports their etiologic involvement in lymphomagenesis.
Statistical analysis of an RNA titration series evaluates microarray precision and sensitivity on a whole-array basis
Authors: Holloway Andrew J , Oshlack Alicia , Diyagama Dileepa S , Bowtell David DL , Smyth Gordon K 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Concerns are often raised about the accuracy of microarray technologies and the degree of cross-platform agreement, but there are yet no methods which can unambiguously evaluate precision and sensitivity for these technologies on a whole-array basis.

Results
A methodology is described for evaluating the precision and sensitivity of whole-genome gene expression technologies such as microarrays. The method consists of an easy-to-construct titration series of RNA samples and an associated statistical analysis using non-linear regression. The method evaluates the precision and responsiveness of each microarray platform on a whole-array basis, i.e., using all the probes, without the need to match probes across platforms. An experiment is conducted to assess and compare four widely used microarray platforms. All four platforms are shown to have satisfactory precision but the commercial platforms are superior for resolving differential expression for genes at lower expression levels. The effective precision of the two-color platforms is improved by allowing for probe-specific dye-effects in the statistical model. The methodology is used to compare three data extraction algorithms for the Affymetrix platforms, demonstrating poor performance for the commonly used proprietary algorithm relative to the other algorithms. For probes which can be matched across platforms, the cross-platform variability is decomposed into within-platform and between-platform components, showing that platform disagreement is almost entirely systematic rather than due to measurement variability.

Conclusion
The results demonstrate good precision and sensitivity for all the platforms, but highlight the need for improved probe annotation. They quantify the extent to which cross-platform measures can be expected to be less accurate than within-platform comparisons for predicting disease progression or outcome.
Allopurinol as Adjuvant Therapy in Poorly Responsive or Treatment Refractory Schizophrenia
Authors: Buie Larry W , Oertel Maryann D , Cala Suzanne O 
Published: November 2006

Objective: To review the available literature evaluating the effectiveness of allopurinol for poorly responsive or treatment refractory schizophrenia. Data Sources: Searches of MEDLINE (1966–October 2006), the Cochrane Library, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–October 2006) were conducted using the terms allopurinol and schizophrenia. Limits were set to select studies conducted in humans. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All articles identified from the data sources were evaluated. All case reports or clinical trials located were included in the review. Data Synthesis: Dopamine has been implicated for many years in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and the typical antipsychotics, via blockade of dopaminergic neurotransmission, have provided relief for patients with positive symptoms. However, because dopamine blockade does not relieve all symptoms of schizophrenia, it is now evident that many neurotransmitters may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore, atypical antipsychotics, which target multiple neurotransmitters, have emerged as first-line therapies. An evolving body of evidence also supports a purinergic hypothesis for schizophrenia. Increased adenosinergic transmission is thought to reduce the affinity of dopamine agonists for dopamine receptors. Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, may increase circulating pools of adenosine and may ultimately have antipsychotic and anxiolytic effects. Growing evidence for use of allopurinol as adjunctive therapy has been reported in both case reports and small clinical trials. Conclusions: Clinical trials show that adjuvant allopurinol may provide benefit to patients who are poorly responsive to current treatments for schizophrenia. Allopurinol is well tolerated by most patients. However, larger, randomized clinical trials need to be performed to determine the magnitude of this benefit, whether allopurinol should be routinely used as adjuvant therapy to antipsychotics, and which patient population is most likely to benefit from allopurinol use. For patients with limited options, allopurinol in doses of 300 mg once or twice daily may improve psychotic symptoms, especially refractory positive symptoms.
The Etymology of Dragoon
Authors: Kurrelmeyer W. 
Published: November 2006

The etymologists of the various modern languages are practically agreed in tracing back the word for dragoon, usually through the medium of the French dragon, to Latin draco, draconem. The Deutsches Wörterbuch of the Grimms has the following definition of Dragoner:leichter reiter, der ein feuergewehr hat und auch zu fuß fechten muß: ursprünglich ein fußsoldat der sich des pferds bloß zum schnellen fortkommen bedient. franz. dragon, ital. dragone, dän. dragon, böhm. dragon dragaun. ohne zweifel findet eine beziehung auf drache statt, die aber nicht bekannt ist. die draconarii des Vegetius, auf deren standarte sich ein drache befand, sollen anlaß zu der benennung gegeben haben ... als die ersten dragoner betrachtet man die landsknechte und fußsoldaten, welche der prinz von Parma, als er 1582 die schlacht bei Gent liefern wollte, auf packpferden mit der reiterei voraus gehen ließ, um die nachhut des feindes anzugreifen. andere glauben graf Ernst von Mansfeld habe sie im dreißigjährigen krieg erfunden . . .
The “Machiavellianism” of Gabriel Harvey
Authors: Jameson T. H. 
Published: November 2006

The Gratulationes Valdinenses is one of the extant Latin works of Gabriel Harvey, published in 1578, and first referred to in the gloss to the September Eclogue of the Shepheardes Calendar in the following year:Mayster Gabriel Harvey: of whose speciall commendation, as well in poetrye as rhetorike and other choyce learning, we have lately had a sufficient tryall in diverse his workes, but specially in his Musarum Lachrymae, and his late Gratulationum Valdinensium, which boke, in the progresse at Audley in Essex, he dedicated in writing to her Majestie, afterward presenting the same in print unto her Highnesse at the worshipfull Maister Capells in Hertfordshire.
Special Considerations in Older Adults With Diabetes: Meeting the Challenge
Authors: Sinclair Alan J. 
Published: November 2006

In BriefClinicians who manage older people with diabetes require special skills if they wish to provide high-quality care. Their approach is influenced by a multitude of factors, such as the higher frequency of medical comorbidities,frailty, and socioeconomic issues. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is a potentially important tool in ensuring that patients with diabetes receive a multiprofessional assessment of their functional status and unmet needs. Effective goal setting provides an additional means of confirming that therapeutic approaches are on target.
Caring for Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Diabetes: Perspectives From Health Care Providers and Caregivers
Authors: Haas Linda B. 
Published: November 2006

In Brief
Most elderly people with diabetes are community dwelling and cared for by local health care providers and frequently by caregivers within the elders' homes. Care for these elders is often suboptimal compared with that of elderly people without diabetes. Issues include polypharmacy, decreased cognition, deficiencies in activities of daily living, functional impairment, decreased health literacy, depression, financial problems, and increased risk of falling. Strategies to address these issues should be part of health care providers' practice. Providers can also assist the caregivers of elderly patients by including them in the medical plan, identifying support systems, providing respite, and acknowledging their value. Many community and governmental resources are available and may be helpful for elderly patients with diabetes.
Astrobiology
Authors:   NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Searching for Habitable Planets

Education and Public Outreach

Astrobiology Roadmap: Goals and Objectives

How Does Life Begin and Develop?

Does Life Exist Elsewhere in the Universe?

What is Life's Future on Earth and Beyond?

How Does Life Begin and Develop?

Implementation

Implementation

Implementation

Implementation

Implementation

Implementation

Does Life Exist Elsewhere in the Universe?

Implementation

Implementation

Implementation

Implementation

Implementation

Implementation

Implementation

What is Life's Future on Earth and Beyond?

Implementation

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Implementation

Principles

NASA
's Astrobiology Institute (
NAI
)
Atmosphere (Earth)
Authors: Kraght Peter E. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

The Challenge of Atmospheric Research

Atmosphere‐Altitude (Pressure‐Temperature) Relationships

Heat Balance in the Atmosphere

Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere

Adiabatic Processes in the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Stability, Instability, and Equilibrium

Circulation in the Atmosphere

Forces in the Atmosphere

Pressure‐Gradient Forces

Terms Associated with Circulation of the Atmosphere

Circulation Theorem

Friction between Wind and the Earth

Atmospheric Convergence and Divergence

Waves in the Atmosphere

Periodic Changes in the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Tide
The risk of breast cancer in relation to health habits and occupational exposures
Authors: Shaham Judith , Gurvich Rachel , Goral Aviva , Czerniak Abraham 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe age‐adjusted incidence rate of breast cancer has increased for Israeli women. Our aim was to explore the hypothesis that occupational exposures are important risk factors, taking into consideration main known risk factors.MethodsThe study population included 326 breast cancer cases from one hospital in the center of the country and 413 women without known diagnosis of cancer. Every participant was interviewed using a structured questionnaire.ResultsWe found that working in textile and clothing and in various industries, OR (95% confidence interval), 1.8 (1.1–3.0), 4.3 (2.0–9.3) respectively, and exposure to ionizing radiation OR 5.3 (2.4–14.1) as well as age and having a family history of breast cancer significantly increased the risk of developing breast cancer. Administrative work, adherence to high fiber diet and low salt diet significantly lowered the risk of breast cancer.ConclusionsOur study supported the assumption that occupational exposure may contribute to the etiology of breast cancer. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:1021–1030, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Airway disease in highway and tunnel construction workers exposed to silica
Authors: Oliver L. Christine , Miracle‐McMahill Heidi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundConstruction workers employed in a unique type of tunnel construction known as tunnel jacking were exposed over an 18‐month period to respirable crystalline silica at concentrations that exceeded the OSHA permissible exposure limit. The present study examines workplace exposures and occurrence of airway disease in these workers.MethodsMedical and occupational histories and chest radiographs were obtained on 343 active construction workers who had worked on the site during the period in question. Chest radiographs were interpreted according to the ILO‐1980 system of classification. Standardized questions were used to develop an algorithm to define symptoms consistent with asthma (SCA) and to determine these respiratory outcomes: chronic bronchitis, shortness of breath (SOB), and physician‐diagnosed asthma (current vs. not current). Relationships with each of three work activities were examined: slurry wall breakthrough (SWB), chipping caisson overpour, and tunneling/mining.ResultsParticipants included laborers, carpenters, tunnel workers, ironworkers, operating engineers, and electricians. No cases of silicosis were found on chest X‐ray. Overall prevalence of chronic bronchitis, SCA, SOB, and physician‐diagnosed asthma was 10.7%, 25%, 29%, and 6.6%, respectively. Odds ratios (OR) for carpenters compared to laborers were significantly elevated for chronic bronchitis, SCA, and SOB. SWB was associated with chronic bronchitis and SCA (OR 4.93, 95% CI = 1.01, 24.17; OR 3.32, 95% CI = 1.25, 8.84, respectively). The interaction between SWB, SCA, and trade was significant for carpenters (OR 6.87, 95% CI = 1.66, 28.39). Inverse trends were observed for months on the site and chronic bronchitis, SCA, and SOB (P = 0.0374, 0.0006, and 0.0307, respectively).ConclusionsTunnel construction workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica and cement dust are at increased risk for airway disease. Extent of risk varies by trade and work activity. Our data indicate the importance of bystander exposures and suggest that tunnel jacking may be associated with greater risk compared to more traditional methods of tunnel construction. A healthy worker effect is suggested. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:983–996, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and molecular structure of 2,6‐dimesitylphenyldichlorophosphane
Authors: Overländer Claus , Tirrée Jürgen J. , Nieger Martin , Niecke Edgar , Moser Carmen , Spirk Stefan , Pietschnig Rudolf 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOwing to steric congestion, the phosphane unit within the title compound is dislocated from the central position which is associated with a difference in the PCC angles of 20.3(2)° and a compression of the Cl bond distance of the chlorine atom involved in this repulsive interaction. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric plasma‐aided biocidal finishes for nonwoven polypropylene fabrics. II. Functionality of synthesized fabrics
Authors: Wafa D. M. , Breidt F. , Gawish S. M. , Matthews S. R. , Donohue K. V. , Roe R. M. , Bourham M. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAtmospheric plasma‐aided graft copolymerization of textile materials provides single or multiple functionality polypropylene (PP) modified fabrics. Biocidal PP's are modified ones to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, molds, and fungi, and insect and tick repelling action. Novel PP biocidal fabrics synthesized by graft copolymerization using plasma‐aided technique (see part I of this study) using antibacterial and insect repellent agents have been tested and evaluated and proved to be antimicrobial, tick repellent, and antistatic. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1911–1917, 2007
Gene expression in male tick salivary glands is affected by feeding in the presence of females
Authors: Anyomi Felix M. , Bior Abdelaziz D. , Essenberg Richard C. , Sauer John R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this study, we have compared gene expression in the salivary glands of maleDermacentor andersoniticks fed in the presence or absence of females to that in unfed males. We have established that the patterns of expression are different using arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction following reverse transcription of RNA (RAP‐PCR) and differential display. Our results indicate a significant difference in salivary gland gene expression between fed and unfed males and also between males fed in the presence of females versus males fed in the absence of females. This difference in expression was partially confirmed by hybridization of probes made from mRNA from the three groups of ticks against the cloned gene fragments. Gene fragments for septin, utrophin, eukaryotic chain release factor 3, and elongation factor 2 were identified in this study, though the majority of fragments were not similar to anything in the databases. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 63:159–168, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age and diet influence the composition of venom from the endoparasitic wasp Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Uçkan Fevzi , Ergin Ekrem , Rivers David B. , Gençer Nahit 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVenom from the endoparasitic wasp Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was found to contain a complex mixture of biogenic amines, noradrenalin, phospholipase B, and several proteins and peptides. The amount of noradrenalin and serotonin was found to be highest in venom from newly emerged wasps and decreased with age. Histamine was detected in minute amounts in comparison to the other venom components, and declined with increasing age of the parasitoids. Total peptides and proteins detected by reversed‐phase HPLC increased with host age. Old‐aged (30–33 days after emergence) wasps contained 2‐fold more phospholipase B than young (<10 days [d] old) or medium‐aged (10–22‐d‐old) females. Increases in phospholipase B alone, however, did not account for all changes in total venom protein because by 40 days after emergence, the levels of this enzyme began to decline while the amount of total protein was higher than in younger wasps. For all venom components detected, the amount present in the venom sharply decreased following host exposure. This was presumed to be the result of venom depletion associated with envenomation. Consistent with this view were the modest increases in venom components in wasps displaying a decreased rate of parasitization. When adult females were offered honey alone or in combination with feeding on hosts, no significant changes in venom composition were observed, with the exception of noradrenalin, which was found to be 5 times higher in concentration in wasps fed honey only. These results suggest that wasp age and incidence of parasitism are more important features influencing the composition of venom than the diet of adult females. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 63:177–187, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mosquito ribosomal protein S3 lacks a critical glutamine residue associated with DNA repair activity in homologous Drosophila proteins
Authors: Li Lei , Fallon A.M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn Drosophila melanogaster, ribosomal protein RpS3 has extra‐ribosomal activities including apurinic/apyrimidinic lyase activity and N‐glycosylase activity that participate in DNA repair. It has been suggested that these activities couple DNA repair to the translational machinery. To establish a basis for participation of RpS3 in DNA repair in mosquitoes, we cloned RpS3 cDNAs from Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquito cell lines. The sequence data were used to reconstruct the homologous gene from the Anopheles gambiae database. Mosquito RpS3 is a single copy gene, which in Aedes albopictus, lacks introns in the amino acid coding region. Although RpS3 proteins are well‐conserved among eukaryotes, a critical glutamine residue, Q59, essential to robust DNA repair activity in the Drosophila protein, is replaced by an asparagine (N) in all three mosquito RpS3 proteins. In this respect, the mosquito protein resembles human RpS3, which has relatively modest DNA repair activity. None of the insect RpS3 proteins available in the database, other than those from Drosophila, contain glutamine at position 59. However, in the Lepidoptera, N59 is consistently replaced by serine (S), and the putative interactive site at position 134 is replaced by arginine (R). These data suggest that in the case of RpS3, the Drosophila protein may be uniquely unusual in having robust DNA repair activities that are unlikely to be common to RpS3 from other insects. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 63:188–196, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Information policies and open source software in developing countries
Authors: Câmara Gilberto , Fonseca Frederico 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMany authors propose that open source software (OSS) is a good strategy to bring information and communication technologies to developing countries. Nevertheless, the use of OSS needs to be more than just adopting Linux as the standard for operating systems. Adoption of OSS is not only a choice of software, but also a means of acquiring knowledge. Developing countries have to use OSS as a way to gain knowledge about the technology itself and as a way of creating technology products that fit their specific needs. In this article, the authors introduce a model of OSS based on its essential characteristics to understand how developing countries may use OSS to achieve their development goals. The authors argue that there are two defining properties of any open source software. The first property is the potential for shared conceptualization and the second is the potential for modularity. By assessing how each OSS project satisfies these two conditions, a taxonomy is built for open source projects. This taxonomy will help the development of more sensible policies to promote the use of open source in developing countries.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of 1,6‐Enynes Involving Addition, Cyclization, and β‐Oxygen Elimination
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Shimada Masahiko , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe reaction of arylboronic acids with 1,6‐enynes that contain an allylic ether moiety is catalyzed by a rhodium(I) complex to produce cyclopentanes with a tetrasubstituted exo olefin and a pendant vinyl group. The reaction is initiated by the regioselective addition of an arylrhodium(I) species to the carbon–carbon triple bond of the 1,6‐enyne. The resulting alkenylrhodium(I) compound subsequently undergoes intramolecular carborhodation of the allylic double bond in a 5‐exo‐trig mode. β Elimination of the methoxy group affords the cyclization product and the catalytically active methoxorhodium(I) species. The use of alkyl Grignard reagents instead of arylboronic acids as organometallic nucleophiles was also examined.