bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequences Intervening between the Core Packaging Determinants Are Dispensable for Maintaining the Packaging Potential and Propagation of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Transfer Vector RNAs
Authors: Mustafa Farah , Ghazawi Akela , Jayanth Preethi , Phillip Pretty Susan , Ali Jahabar , Rizvi Tahir A. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

The packaging determinants of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) consist of two discontinuous core regions, extending from R to ∼150 bp of the 5′ untranslated region and the first ∼100 bp of
gag
. However, the role of sequences intervening between the core regions in packaging has not been clear. A mutational analysis was conducted to determine whether the intervening sequences played a role in FIV RNA packaging, using an in vivo packaging assay complemented with semiquantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Our analyses reveal that the intervening sequences are dispensable not only for vector RNA packaging but also for propagation, confirming the discontinuous nature of the FIV packaging signal.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen Induces a Strong Bend on Binding to Terminal Repeat DNA
Authors: Wong Lai-Yee , Wilson Angus C. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT
During latency, the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome is maintained as a circular episome, replicating in synchrony with host chromosomes. Replication requires the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) and an origin of latent DNA replication located in the viral terminal repeats, consisting of two LANA binding sites (LBSs) and a GC-rich sequence. Here, we show that the recruitment of a LANA dimer to high-affinity site LBS-1 bends DNA by 57° and towards the major groove. The cooccupancy of LBS-1 and lower-affinity LBS-2 induces a symmetrical bend of 110°. By changing the origin architecture, LANA may help to assemble a specific nucleoprotein structure important for the initiation of DNA replication.
Expression of Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its Receptor, CX3CR1, Is Elevated in Coronary Artery Disease and Is Reduced During Statin Therapy
Authors: Damås Jan K. , Boullier Agnes , Wæhre Torgun , Smith Camilla , Sandberg Wiggo J. , Green Simone , Aukrust Pål , Quehenberger Oswald 
Published: October 2005

Objective—Recent data derived primarily from studies in animal models suggest that fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its cognate receptor, CX3CR1, play a role in atherogenesis. We, therefore, hypothesized that enhanced CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression may promote atherogenesis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods and Results—We examined the plasma levels of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in various CAD populations (30 patients with previous myocardial infarction, 40 patients with stable angina, 40 patients with unstable angina, and a total of 35 controls) and used various experimental approaches to characterize CX3CL1-mediated leukocyte responses. We found that the plasma levels of CX3CL1 are greatly increased in CAD, particularly in unstable disease. The parallel increase of CX3CR1 expression in PBMC was predominantly attributable to an expansion of the CX3CR1+CD3+CD8+T cell subset and was associated with enhanced chemotactic, adhesive, and inflammatory responses to CX3CL1. Statin therapy for 6 months reduced the expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1, reaching statistical significance for both parameters only during aggressive (atorvastatin, 80 mg qd) but not conventional (simvastatin, 20 mg qd) therapy. Consequently, the functional responses of the PBMC to CX3CL1 including migration, adhesion, and secretion of interleukin-8 were attenuated by the treatments.Conclusion—Our results suggest that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 dyad may contribute to atherogenesis and plaque destabilization in human CAD.
Field Performance of Unvented Cathedralized (UC) Attics in the USA
Authors: Rudd Armin 
Published: October 2005

This article reports on field experience of unvented cathedralized (UC) attics in several environments in the United States. Traditionally, in some regions of the country, because of high water tables or the risk of flash flooding and lower cost, slab on grade construction is a preferred mode of construction. Mechanical equipment for air conditioning and distribution ducts are usually located in the attic spaces to conserve space. Conventional construction involves providing insulation on the floor of the attic and venting the attic space to the outside. The loss in efficiency in operation of the equipment and through duct leakage is no longer sustainable. Insulating the attic roof itself and blocking of ventilation to the outside transfers the air and thermal energy controls from the boundary with the living space to the plane of the roof. The air distribution systems now fall within conditioned space, which increases their efficiency, durability, and maintainability. While design criteria vary for different climatic regions, UC attics can be insulated in various ways and by using different vapor diffusion resistance strategies of the roof assemblies depending on the climate. The field data presented in this article include measured temperature of asphalt shingles, and thermal and moisture conditions of attic spaces and roof sheathing, as well as air leakage rates. This is of interest for determining probable roofing durability. A more complete understanding of the hygrothermal performance of the assemblies was gained through these measurements.
Back-reacted saponite in Jurassic mudstones and limestones intruded by a Tertiary sill, Isle of Skye
Authors: Kemp S. J. , Rochelle C. A. , Merriman R. J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe Lòn Ostatoin stream section, Trotternish Peninsula, Isle of Skye, exposes a sequence of Middle Jurassic mudstones and limestones which have been locally metasomatized by a transgressive sill of Tertiary age. Limestones in the sequence, including some previously reported as bentonite, have been altered to an unusual assemblage of grossular garnet and saponite clay. The mudstones also contain large proportions of saponite together with pyroxene and zeolites. Saponite also occurs within the basalt intrusion. Grossular and pyroxene represent artifacts of relatively high-temperature assemblages that formed during an early phase of alteration. As the intrusion and adjacent altered country rocks cooled, lower-temperature fluids flowed through a late set of contraction (micro)fractures. Back-reacted saponite, analcime and clinoptilolite were formed, possibly as alteration products of the unstable higher-temperature minerals. The lower-temperature mineral assemblage eventually sealed the late fracture system.This paper highlights an important concept for the study of analogue sites used to investigate thermal effects on engineered liners or barrier host rocks for the landfill and radioactive-waste industries. This is that the original thermally altered mineral assemblage may be overprinted by later, lower-temperature back-reactions. A detailed understanding of both processes is necessary in order to construct a sensible model for the thermal and mineralogical evolution of the site.
Intercalated Cu(II) benzimidazole complexes in the interlayer space of montmorillonite
Authors: Luptáková V. , Plesch G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe results of EPR, UV-VIS and IR spectral studies show that benzimidazole forms various complexes with Cu(II) exchanged in the interlayer space of montmorillonite, depending on the acidity of the reaction medium during synthesis. In a nearly neutral solution a bis(benzimidazole)bis(aqua) Cu(II) cationic complex is formed. In a strongly basic solution, benzimidazole is bound to Cu(II) in the form of an anionic bifunctional ligand and a planar intercalated bis(benzimidazolate) Cu(II) complex is formed, where the benzimidazolate anion acts as a bridging ligand in the polymeric complex. The treatment in basic solution leads to partial illitization of the smectite. In a strongly acid solution, a nearly stoichiometric ionic exchange of benzimidazolium ion for Cu(II) ions takes place in the interlayer space of montmorillonite.
Sulphur reduction additive prepared from caustic-modified kaolin
Authors: Sun Shu-Hong , Zheng Shu-Qin , Wang Zhi-Feng , Zhang Yan-Hui , Ma Jian-Tai 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe performance of a fluidized cracking catalyst additive prepared from caustic-modified kaolin microspheres for gasoline S reduction was investigated using N2 adsorption, infrared acid-site characterization, X-ray diffraction and small-scale fluid bed reactor tests. The additive exhibited improved coke selectivity and yield distribution, and the S content of cracked gasoline was reduced significantly. The results indicated that a reactive mesoporous structure was formed in the modified kaolin.
Suzhou kaolin as a FCC catalyst
Authors: Zheng Shu-Qin , Sun Shu-Hong , Wang Zhi-Feng , Gao Xiong-Hou , Xu Xian-Lun 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe chemical and mineralogical compositions, the pore-diameter distribution, and the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy of kaolin from Suzhou, China, and the physicochemical and catalytic properties of a catalyst prepared from that kaolin, are presented in this paper. Crystallized microspheres (CMR) containing ~30% NaY zeolite can be prepared from the Suzhou kaolin. The catalyst produced performs better than a standard commercial catalyst in terms of activity, attrition resistance, resistance to passivation by Ni and V and better gasoline and coke selectivity.
Origin of mixed-layered (R1) muscovite-chlorite in an anchizonal slate from Puncoviscana Formation (Salta Province, Argentina)
Authors: Do Campo M. , Nieto F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMica-chlorite mixed-layering was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as a major or subordinate constituent in several slates of the Puncoviscana Formation from Sierra de Mojotoro (Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina). In order to determine the crystallochemical characteristics of these mixed-layered sequences and interpret their petrological meaning, anchizonal slate P90 was chosen for TEM observations. In this slate, dioctahedral mica and chlorite form interleaved phyllosilicate grains (IPG) or stacks, up to 110 um long, preferentially oriented with (001) planes at a high angle to the slaty cleavage but also oblique to S0.In agreement with XRD results, the main phyllosilicates identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were dioctahedral mica and random mixed-layer muscovite-chlorite, with chlorite in subordinate amounts and scarce smectite. In the lattice-fringe images of mixed-layer packets, a sequence of irregular stacking that produced apparent 24 Å (10 + 14) layers was observed, but it was frequently possible to distinguish the 10 Å layers from adjacent 14 Å layers. In nearly all packets, 14 Å layers prevail, exhibiting 14 Å:10 Å ratios between 1:1 and 3:1. Some elongated lenticular fissures which are probably a consequence of layer collapse caused by the TEM vacuum were identified in these packets. The straight, continuous appearance of lattice fringes plus the scarce evidence of collapsed layers identified suggest that these packets correspond principally to mixed-layer muscovite-chlorite, which is confirmed by analytical electron microscopy analyses. However, smectite-like layers are probably the third component of some of these mixed-layer sequences, which may account for their high Si and low (Fe + Mg) contents, their low interlayer charge in relation to theoretical interlayer muscovite-chlorite, and for the presence of Ca in the interlayer site.Textural relationships between chlorite and muscovite packets in IPG along with the observed transformations from 14 Å to 10 Å along the layer, is compatible with a prograde metamorphic replacement of chlorite in stacks by dioctahedral mica layers, probably in the presence of an aqueous fluid.
Geology and properties of the Kawasaki and Dobuyama bentonite deposits of Zao region in northeastern Japan
Authors: Takagi T. , Koh S. M. , Song M. S. , Itoh M. , Mogi K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe Kawasaki and Dobuyama bentonite deposits in northeastern Japan show contrasting properties even though they are only 5 km apart in a sequence of Neogene sedimentary and pyroclastic rocks. The Kawasaki deposit consists of stratiform bentonite layers up to >50 m thick, and its wall rocks are unaltered shallow marine sedimentary rocks. In contrast, the Dobuyama deposit consists of a funnel-shaped ore body 200 m across, and its wall rocks are hydrothermally altered terrestrial rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks. The Kawasaki and Dobuyama bentonites mainly consist of Na-Ca smectite and Ca smectite, respectively, with subordinate opal-CT, quartz and zeolite. The geological occurrences of the deposits and wall-rock properties suggest that the Kawasaki and Dobuyama deposits were probably formed by diagenesis and low-temperature hydrothermal alteration, respectively. The difference in exchangeable cation ratios of the smectite between the two deposits is attributable to the difference in their sedimentary environments and/or burial depth.
Discovery and origin of a Palaeogene smectite-bearing clay deposit in the SE Gobi (Mongolia)
Authors: Dill H. G. , Kaufhold S. , Khishigsuren S. , Bulgamaa J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe smectite-bearing red bed series of the Palaeogene Ergeliin zoo Formation in Mongolia is part of an alluvial-fluvial fan prograding over prodelta/mudflat deposits. The series was investigated in the field (mapping and portable infrared (IR) spectrometry in the short wavelength (SW) range) and samples were analysed in the laboratory using thin sections, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, cation exchange capacity and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry in the mid-IR range. Two reference sections are treated in more detail as to the environment of deposition and concentration of smectite. The deposits at Ulaan uul are representative of a distal fan section with prevalent mudflats, whereas Ulaan buur offers insight into a braided river drainage system. Metabasic rocks in the hinterland delivered mica and chlorite from which smectite originated during diagenesis under semi-arid climatic and surface-near conditions. Towards the basin edge, smectite is replaced by kaolinite. The prime area in which we were interested in the smectite is the most distal part of the alluvial-fluvial fan, which was the subject of a field-based IR survey. This exploration method is a valuable tool to obtain a quick overview of the mineral composition and reduce the number of samples in the field for follow-up analyses. Its weak and strong points are discussed.
Na-magadiite prepared in a water/alcohol medium: synthesis, characterization and use as a host material to prepare alkyltrimethylammonium- and Si-pillared derivates
Authors: Sassi M. , Miehé-Brendlé J. , Patarin J. , Bengueddach A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSyntheses of Na-magadiite were performed under hydrothermal conditions in a water/alcohol medium. It is only possible to obtain a pure and well crystallized magadiite sample using a water/ethanol medium at a water/ethanol molar ratio of ∼0.12. As shown by thermal analysis and1H liquid nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ethanol is not incorporated into the magadiite. Intercalation of dodecyl- and hexadecyltrimethylammonium cations in the interlayer space of Na-magadiite at different theoretical ion-exchange rates shows that the experimental ion-exchange rates are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. However, scanning electron micrographs of the sample having a theoretical ion exchange rate of 25–75% shows that the exchanges are not homogeneous (both thin and thick platelets are present). Attempts to obtain a Si-pillared compound starting from C16TMA-magadiite as the host material leads to a microporous compound having a BET surface area of 778 m2g-1.
Generation of biologically active linear and cyclic peptides has revealed a unique fine specificity of rituximab and its possible cross-reactivity with acid sphingomyelinase-like phosphodiesterase 3b precursor
Authors: Perosa Federico , Favoino Elvira , Caragnano Maria Antonietta , Dammacco Franco 
Published: October 2005

AbstractHeterogeneity of the effector functions displayed by rituximab and other anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) apparently recognizing the same CD20 epitope suggests that additional mechanisms, probably related to mAb fine specificity, are responsible for B-cell depletion. To improve our understanding of rituximab's function, its fine specificity was investigated by means of phage display peptide library (PDPL)-expressing 7-mer cyclic (c7c) or 7-/12-mer linear peptides. Rituximab-specific c7c PDPL-derived clone insert sequences expressed the motif A(S)NPS overlapping the human CD20 170ANPS173. P172 was the most critical for rituximab binding, since its replacement with S172 (of mouse CD20) abolished the reactivity. The WPXWLE motif expressed by the linear PDPL-derived clone insert sequences could only be aligned to the reverse-oriented 161WPXWLE156 of acid sphingomyelinase-like phosphodiesterase 3b precursor (ASMLPD), though linear peptides bearing WPXWLE competed with cyclic ones for rituximab-paratope binding. Anti-CD20 mAb 1F5 only displayed a reactivity profile similar to that of rituximab, which also reacted with ASMLPD-derived peptides. Peptides induced antibodies with specificity and effector functions similar to those of rituximab. Our results show a unique fine specificity of rituximab, define the molecular basis for the lack of rituximab reactivity with mouse CD20 (mCD20), and the potential of targeting CD20 in an active immunotherapy setting. A possible rituximab interaction with ASMLPD is suggested.
Interaction between integrin α9β1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) inhibits neutrophil apoptosis
Authors: Ross Ewan A. , Douglas Mike R. , Wong See Heng , Ross Emma J. , Curnow S. John , Nash Gerard B. , Rainger Ed , Scheel-Toellner Dagmar , Lord Janet M. , Salmon Mike , Buckley Christopher D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAccording to the prevailing paradigm, neutrophils are short-lived cells that undergo spontaneous apoptosis within 24 hours of their release from the bone marrow. However, neutrophil survival can be significantly prolonged within inflamed tissue by cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and hypoxia. During screening experiments aimed at identifying the effect of the adhesive microenvironment on neutrophil survival, we found that VCAM-1 (CD106) was able to delay both spontaneous and Fas-induced apoptosis. VCAM-1-mediated survival was as efficient as that induced by the cytokine IFN-β and provided an additive, increased delay in apoptosis when given in combination with IFN-β. VCAM-1 delivered its antiapoptotic effect through binding the integrin α9β1. The α9β1 signaling pathway shares significant features with the IFN-β survival signaling pathway, requiring PI3 kinase, NF-κB activation, as well as de novo protein synthesis, but the kinetics of NF-κB activation by VCAM-1 were slower and more sustained compared with IFN-β. This study demonstrates a novel functional role for α9β1 in neutrophil biology and suggests that adhesive signaling pathways provide an important extrinsic checkpoint for the resolution of inflammatory responses in tissues.
Relative contribution of G-protein-coupled pathways to protease-activated receptor-mediated Akt phosphorylation in platelets
Authors: Kim Soochong , Jin Jianguo , Kunapuli Satya P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractProtease-activated receptors (PARs) activate Gq and G12/13 pathways, as well as Akt (protein kinase B [PKB/Akt]) in platelets. However, the relative contribution of different G-protein pathways to Akt phosphorylation has not been elucidated. We investigated the contribution of Gq and G12/13 to Gi/Gz-mediated Akt phosphorylation downstream of PAR activation. Selective G12/13 activation failed to cause Akt phosphorylation in human and Gαq-deficient mouse platelets. However, supplementing Gi/Gz signaling to G12/13 caused significant increase in Akt phosphorylation, confirming that G12/13 potentiates Akt phosphorylation. Inhibition of PAR-mediated Akt phosphorylation in the presence of the Gq-selective inhibitor YM-254890 was restored to the normal extent achieved by PAR agonists if supplemented with Gi signaling, indicating that Gq does not have any direct effect on Akt phosphorylation. Selective G12/13 activation resulted in Src kinase activation, and Akt phosphorylation induced by costimulation of G12/13 and Gi/Gz was inhibited by a Src kinase inhibitor but not by a Rho kinase inhibitor. These data demonstrate that G12/13, but not Gq, is essential for thrombin-induced Akt phosphorylation in platelets, whereas Gq indirectly contributes to Akt phosphorylation through Gi stimulation by secreted ADP. G12/13 activation might mediate its potentiating effect through Src activation, and Src kinases play an important role in thrombin-mediated Akt phosphorylation.
Physiologic self antigens rapidly capacitate autoimmune disease-specific polyclonal CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Setiady Yulius Y. , Ohno Katsuhiro , Samy Eileen T. , Bagavant Harini , Qiao Hui , Sharp Colin , She Jin Xiong , Tung Kenneth S. K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractStudies on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) with transgenic T-cell receptors indicate that Tregs may receive continuous antigen (Ag) stimulation in the periphery. However, the consequence of this Ag encounter and its relevance to physiologic polyclonal Treg function are not established. In autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) of the day-3 thymectomized (d3tx) mice, male Tregs suppressed EAP 3 times better than Tregs from female mice or male mice without prostates. Importantly, the superior EAP-suppressing function was acquired after a 6-day exposure to prostate Ag in the periphery, unaffected by sex hormones. Thus, a brief exposure of physiologic prostate Ag capacitates peripheral polyclonal Tregs to suppress EAP. In striking contrast, autoimmune ovarian disease (AOD) was suppressed equally by male and female Tregs. We now provide evidence that the ovarian Ag develops at birth, 14 days earlier than prostate Ag, and that male Tregs respond to neonatal ovarian Ag in the Treg recipients to gain AOD-suppressing capacity. When d3tx female recipients were deprived of ovarian Ag in the neonatal period, AOD was suppressed by female but not by male Tregs, whereas dacryoadenitis was suppressed by both. We conclude that the physiologic autoAg quickly and continuously enhances disease-specific polyclonal Treg function to maintain self-tolerance.
Familial clustering of Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata: an unknown genetic syndrome?
Authors: Halama Niels , Grauling-Halama Silke A , Daboul Isam 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Background
Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is defined as the occurrence of multiple tumorous intraabdominal lesions, which are myomatous nodules. LPD is a rare disease with only about 100 cases reported. The usual course of LPD is benign with the majority of the patients being premenopausal females. Only two cases involving men have been reported, no syndrome or familial occurrence of LPD has been described.

Case presentation
We describe a Caucasian-American family in which six members (three men) are diagnosed with Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) and three deceased family members most likely had LPD (based on the autopsy reports). Furthermore we describe the association of LPD with Raynaud's syndrome and Prurigo nodularis.

Conclusion
Familial clustering of Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) has not been reported so far. The etiology of LPD is unknown and no mode of inheritance is known. We discuss possible modes of inheritance in the presented case, taking into account the possibility of a genetic syndrome. Given the similarity to other genetic syndromes with leiomyomatosis and skin alterations, we describe possible similar genetic pathomechanisms.