bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of age and body size on gastrointestinal transit time of radiopaque markers in healthy dogs
Authors: Weber Mickaël P. , Stambouli Fouzia , Martin Lucile J. , Dumon Henri J. , Biourge Vincent C. , Nguyen Patrick G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare gastric emptying time, smallintestinal transit time (SITT), and orocecal transit time (OCTT) of radiopaque markers in dogs varying in age and body size and to determine whether fecal variables (ie, consistency and moisture content) are related to gastrointestinal tract transit times in dogs.Animals—24 eight-week-old female puppies, including 6 Miniature Poodles, 6 Standard Schnauzers, 6 Giant Schnauzers, and 6 Great Danes.Procedure—Gastrointestinal tract transit time experiments were performed at 12, 22, 36, and 60 weeks of age. Dogs were fed 30 small radiopaque markers mixed with a meal. Abdominal radiographs were taken. The time at which 50% of the markers had left the stomach (T50) and the time at which the first marker reached the colon were calculated. Fecal moisture content and scoring on the basis of fecal consistency were recorded during the same periods.Results—Puppies had a shorter mean T50 than adults, and mean OCTT decreased significantly only during growth of large-breed dogs. However mean fecal moisture content significantly increased with age, except in Giant Schnauzers. No effect of body size on T50 was found regardless of age, and no difference was observed between OCTT of small- and large-breed adult dogs. The effect of age on the mean SITT was not significant for any breed. However, a strong positive correlation was recorded between body size and fecal moisture content (r2= 0.77) or fecal scores (r2= 0.69) in adult dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Age affects T50 in small- and large-breed dogs and OCTT in largebreed dogs. However, body size does not affect T50 or OCTT. A relationship does not exist between gastrointestinal tract transit time and fecal variables in healthy dogs. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:677–682)
Effects of continuous intra-articular infusion of gentamicin on synovial membrane and articular cartilage in the tarsocrural joint of horses
Authors: Lescun Timothy B. , Adams Stephen B. , Wu Ching Ching , Bill Robert P. , Sickle David C. Van 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of a continuous intra-articular infusion of gentamicin on the synovial membrane and articular cartilage in the tarsocrural joint of horses.Animals—6 healthy adult horses.Procedure—A balloon infusion system attached to a catheter placed in the plantarolateral pouch of both tarsocrural joints in each horse was used for continuous gentamicin solution (GM) or balanced electrolyte solution (BES) delivery for 5 days. Cartilage and synovial membrane specimens were collected on day 5 from 3 horses and on day 14 from the remaining 3 horses. Both infused joints from each horse were assessed, using gross evaluation and histologic scoring systems.Results—Significant differences in the histologic scores of synovial membrane specimens between the GM- and BES-treated joints at either 5 or 14 days were not observed. Safranin-O-fast green staining scores were similar between cartilage specimens from GM- and BES-treated joints. Although the synovial membrane histologic scores and safranin-O-fast green staining scores improved from day 5 to 14, the changes in scores were not significant. Loss of synovial intimal cells from villi was found more commonly in sections of synovial membrane from GM-treated joints, compared with BES-treated joints.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Continuous infusion of GM into the tarsocrural joint of horses does not have significant effects on histologic scores of articular cartilage or synovial membrane, compared with those infused with BES. Continuous infusion of GM into the tarsocrural joint of horses for 5 days is an acceptable method for the treatment of septic arthritis. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:683–687)
Histologic characteristics and local cellular immunity of the gland of the third eyelid after topical ophthalmic administration of 2% cyclosporine for treatment of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Authors: Izci Celal , Celik Ilhami , Alkan Fahrettin , Ogurtan Zeki , Ceylan Cengiz , Sur Emrah , Ozkan Yasemin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the efficacy of topical administration of a 2% solution of cyclosporine (CsA) for treatment of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and to correlate results with histopathologic characteristics and local cellular immunity of the gland of the third eyelid.Animals—24 dogs with bilateral KCS.Procedure—Lacrimal secretion was measured, using Schirmer tear test (STT) strips. Leukocyte and T-lymphocyte subsets were determined in blood samples. Histopathologic changes as well as CD4+, CD8+, and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase-positive (ANAE+) lymphocytes were evaluated.Results—Clinical signs resolved at the end of 1 month in conjunction with significantly increased STT values, compared with baseline values. Fifteen and 30 days after discontinuation of CsA treatment, a decrease was observed in STT values in both eyes; however, only values for the right eye were significantly different. There was a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes and ANAE+ lymphocytes 15 and 30 days after discontinuation of CsA treatment, compared with baseline values. Differences were not observed in number of CD4+ lymphocytes among treatment groups. However, there was a significant decrease in number of CD8+ lymphocytes with reversal of the CD4+:CD8+ in both eyes after CsA treatment for 30 days, compared with the control group. Increased secretory activity and decreased lymphocyte infiltration were characteristic histopathologic findings.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Topical administration of a 2% solution of CsA was effective for the treatment of dogs with KCS. Strict follow-up monitoring is required after the cessation of treatment because of the possibility of recurrence of KCS. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:688–694)
Mediation of acetylcholine and substance P induced contractions by myosin light chain phosphorylation in feline colonic smooth muscle
Authors: Washabau Robert J. , Holt David E. , Brockman Daniel J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To determine the role of myosin light chain phosphorylation in feline colonic smooth muscle contraction.Sample Population—Colonic tissue was obtained from eight 12- to 24-month-old cats.Procedure—Colonic longitudinal smooth muscle strips were attached to isometric force transducers for measurements of isometric stress. Myosin light chain phosphorylation was determined by isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Stress and phosphorylation were determined following stimulation with ACh or SP, in the absence or presence of a calmodulin antagonist (W-7; 0.1 to 1.0 mM), myosin light chain kinase inhibitor (ML-9; 1 to 10 µM), or extracellular calcium - free solutions.Results—Unstimulated longitudinal colonic smooth muscle contained low amounts (6.9 ± 3.2%) of phosphorylated myosin light chain. Phosphorylation of the myosin light chains was dose and time dependent with maximal values of 58.5% at 30 seconds of stimulation with 100 µMAch and 60.2% at 45 seconds of stimulation with 100 nMSP. Active isometric stress development closely paralleled phosphorylation of the myosin light chains in ACh- or SP-stimulated muscle. W-7 and ML-9 dose dependently inhibited myosin light chain phosphorylation and isometric stress development associated with ACh or SP stimulation. Removal of extracellular calcium inhibited myosin light chain phosphorylation and isometric stress development in ACh-stimulated smooth muscle.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Feline longitudinal colonic smooth muscle contraction is calcium-, calmodulin-, and myosin light chain kinasedependent. Myosin light chain phosphorylation is necessary for the initiation of contraction in feline longitudinal colonic smooth muscle. These findings may prove useful in determining the biochemical and molecular defects that accompany feline colonic motility disorders. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:695–702)
Effects of carprofen on renal function and results of serum biochemical and hematologic analyses in anesthetized dogs that had low blood pressure during anesthesia
Authors: Boström Ingrid M. , Nyman Görel C. , Lord Peter F. , Häggström Jens , Jones Bernt E. V. , Bohlin Henrik P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate effects of IV administered carprofen on indices of renal function and results of serum biochemical and hematologic analyses in dogs anesthetized with acepromazine-thiopentone-isoflurane that had low blood pressure during anesthesia.Animals—6 healthy Beagles.Procedure—A randomized crossover study was conducted, using the following treatments: saline (0.9% NaCl solution)-saline, saline-carprofen, and carprofensaline. Saline (0.08 ml/kg) and carprofen (4 mg/kg) were administered IV. The first treatment was administered 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia and immediately before administration of acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg, IM). Anesthesia was induced with thiopentone (25 mg/ml, IV) and maintained with inspired isoflurane (2% in oxygen). The second treatment was administered 30 minutes after onset of inhalation anesthesia. Blood gases, circulation, and ventilation were monitored. Renal function was assessed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR), using scintigraphy, serum biochemical analyses, and urinalysis. Hematologic analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was conducted, using ANOVA or Friedman ANOVA.Results—Values did not differ significantly among the 3 treatments. For all treatments, sedation and anesthesia caused changes in results of serum biochemical and hematologic analyses, a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure to 65 mm Hg, an increase of 115 pmol/L in angiotensin II concentration, and an increase of 100 seconds in time required to reach maximum activity counts during scintigraphy.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Carprofen administered IV before or during anesthesia did not cause detectable significant adverse effects on renal function or results of serum biochemical and hematologic analyses in healthy Beagles with low blood pressure during anesthesia. (Am J Vet Res2002;63: 712–721)
Cellular immunolocalization of gastric and pancreatic lipase in various tissues obtained from dogs
Authors: Steiner Jörg M. , Berridge Brian R. , Wojcieszyn John , Williams David A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine cellular immunolocalization of canine gastric lipase (cGL) and canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) in various tissues obtained from clinically healthy dogs.Sample Population—Samples of 38 tissues collected from 2 climically healthy dogs.Procedures—The cGL and cPL were purified from gastric and pancreatic tissue, respectively, obtained from dogs. Antisera against both proteins were developed, using rabbits, and polyclonal antibodies were purified by use of affinity chromatography. Various tissues were collected from 2 healthy dogs. Primary antibodies were used to evaluate histologic specificity. Replicate sections from the collected tissues were immunolabeled for cGL and cPL and examined by use of light microscopy.Results—Mucous neck cells and mucous pit cells of gastric glands had positive labeling for cGL, whereas other tissues did not immunoreact with cGL. Pancreatic acinar cells had positive labeling for cPL, whereas other tissues did not immunoreact with cPL.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—We concluded that cGL and cPL are exclusively expressed in gastric glands and pancreatic acinar cells, respectively. Also, evidence for cross-immunoreactivity with other lipases or related proteins expressed by other tissues was not found for either protein. Analysis of these data suggests that gastric lipase is a specific marker for gastric glands and that pancreatic lipase is a specific marker for pancreatic acinar cells. These markers may have clinical use in the diagnosis of gastric and exocrine pancreatic disorders, respectively. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:722–727).
Evaluation of in vitro chemosensitivity of vaccine-associated feline sarcoma cell lines to vincristine and paclitaxel
Authors: Banerji Nilanjana , Li Xia , Klausner Jeffrey S. , Kapur Vivek , Kanjilal Sagarika 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the in vitro sensitivity of 4 vaccine-associated feline sarcoma (VAFS) cell lines to the chemotherapeutic agents vincristine and paclitaxel.Sample Population—Cell lines derived from 4 VAFS specimens.Procedure—Cell lines were cultured in vitro and individually exposed to various concentrations of vincristine and paclitaxel. Survival was estimated after 24 and 72 hours of exposure to each drug, and the drug concentrations that resulted in 50 and 90% reduction in number of viable cells (IC50and IC90, respectively) were calculated.Results—Both vincristine and paclitaxel had significant dose-dependent effects on the viability of the VAFS cell lines. After 72 hours of drug exposure, the IC50and IC90of vincristine for the 4 cell lines were between 0.005 to 0.039 µg/ml and 0.045 to 1.027 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50and IC90values for paclitaxel were between 0.037 to 0.092 µg/ml and 2.450 to 15.413 µg/ml, respectively.Conclusions—Results of pharmacokinetic studies on vincristine and paclitaxel in other species suggest that concentrations greater than the IC50values may be possible for both drugs in feline patients as well. The drug concentrations at which viable cell numbers were reduced by 90% may also be attained in vivo for some cases, but detailed information is needed regarding the distribution, concentration, duration of availability, and toxicity of various drugs in cats. Carefully chosen combinations of antineoplastic agents need to be screened to identify treatment protocols that may be further evaluated clinically for the treatment of VAFS. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:728–732)
Use of computed tomographic densitometry to quantify contrast enhancement of compressive soft tissues in the canine lumbosacral vertebral canal
Authors: Jones Jeryl C. , Shires Peter K. , Inzana Karen D. , Mosby Adina D. , Sponenberg D. Philip , Lanz Otto I. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objectives—To evaluate computed tomography (CT)
densitometry as a technique for quantifying contrast
enhancement of compressive soft tissues in the
canine lumbosacral vertebral canal and to determine
whether the degree of contrast enhancement can be
used to help predict tissue type or histopathologic characteristics.

Animals—29 large breed dogs with lumbosacral
stenosis.

Procedure—Contrast-enhanced CT of L5-S3 was performed
by use of a previously described protocol. At
each disk level, CT densities of a water-filled syringe,
epaxial muscles, and 4 vertebral canal locations were
measured. Mean tissue enhancement was calculated
by vertebral canal location, using water-filled syringe
enhancement as a correction factor. Corrected CT
enhancement was compared with tissue type,
degree of tissue inflammation, and degree of tissue
activity.

Results—Intravenous contrast administration of contrast
medium significantly increased CT densities of
water-filled syringes and epaxial muscles. Corrected CT
enhancement of vertebral canal soft tissues at stenotic
sites was greater than at nonstenotic sites. There was
no association between enhancement and tissue type
for any vertebral canal location. There was no correlation
between enhancement and degree of tissue inflammation.
There was a correlation between enhancement
and tissue activity in the dorsal vertebral canal only.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A water-filled
syringe is a useful calibration tool for CT density measurements.
The degree of tissue contrast enhancement,
measured by CT densitometry, can be helpful for
predicting the location of compressive soft tissues in
dogs with lumbosacral stenosis. However, it is of limited
value for predicting compressive soft-tissue types or
histopathologic characteristics. (Am J Vet Res
2002;63:733–737)
Ultrasonographic and histologic evaluation of medial and middle patellar ligaments in exercised horses following injection with ethanolamine oleate and 2% iodine in almond oil
Authors: Hoogmoed Linda M. Van , Agnew Dalen W. , Whitcomb MaryBeth , Hyde Dallas W. , MacDonald Melinda H. , Snyder Jack R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To describe the ultrasonographic and
quantitative histologic effect of injecting 2% iodine in
almond oil (IAO) and ethanolamine oleate (EO) in the
medial and middle patellar ligaments of horses and to
determine whether a difference in response exists
between IAO and EO treatment.

Animals—10 healthy horses.

Procedure—In 5 horses, the medial and middle patellar
ligaments of 1 limb were injected with EO, whereas
IAO was injected in the medial and middle patellar
ligaments of another 5 horses. Ultrasonographic evaluation
was performed on the experimental and control
limb before injection of IAO and EO and prior to
euthanasia to determine cross-sectional area and
evaluate fiber pattern. The patellar ligaments were
harvested 2 weeks after injection and examined histologically
to evaluate the inflammatory response,
fibroplasia, and chondroid metaplasia.

Results—Injection of the patellar ligaments with IAO
resulted in a greater increase in cross-sectional area
on ultrasonography than EO. Both agents caused a
decrease in echogenicity of the ligament.
Histologically, significantly greater infiltration of
inflammatory cells and fibroplasia developed after
injection with IAO, compared with EO. Both agents
resulted in significantly greater fibroplasia relative to
control specimens.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Injection of
the medial and middle patellar ligaments with IAO
induces more severe inflammation and fibroplasia
than EO. Maturation of the inflammatory and fibrous
response may contribute to resolution or attenuation
of upward fixation of the patella by subsequent stiffening
of the ligaments. (Am J Vet Res
2002;63:738–743)
Effect of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, or taurocholate on bioelectric properties of gastric squamous mucosa in horses
Authors: Widenhouse Tamara Vetro , Lester Guy D. , Merritt Alfred M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of pH with or without pepsin or taurocholic acid on the bioelectric properties of gastric squamous mucosa in horses.Sample Population—Gastric tissues obtained from 16 adult horses that did not have evidence of gastric disease.Procedure—Bioelectric properties of squamous mucosa were determined, using modified Ussing chambers. Tissues then were exposed to mucosal pepsin (1 mg/ml) or taurocholic acid (2.5 mM) under neutral (pH 7.4) or acidic (pH 1.7) conditions.Results—Exposure of mucosal sheets to an acidic pH resulted in an immediate and sustained decrease in transmembrane potential difference and calculated tissue resistance. Pepsin or taurocholic acid did not significantly affect bioelectric variables when added to a mucosal bath solution of pH 7.4. A synergistic effect between pepsin or taurocholic acid and mucosal acidification was not detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mucosal acidification with or without pepsin or taurocholic acid resulted in reduced tissue resistance. These data support the contention that squamous erosions or ulcers in horses are mediated, in part, by prolonged exposure of gastric squamous mucosa to luminal acid. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:744–749).
Chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and oxidative metabolism in bovine macrophages exposed to a novel interdigital phlegmon (foot rot) lesion isolate, Porphyromonas levii
Authors: Walter Michaela R.V. , Morck Douglas W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To examine the host response towardPorphyromonas levii,by evaluating chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst of bovine macrophages in vitro.Sample Population—Cultured bovine macrophages obtained from monocytes harvested from blood samples of 15 Holstein steers.Porphyromonas leviiwas isolated from the foot rot lesion of an acutely affected feedlot steer.Procedure—Monocytes were cultured for macrophage differentiation over 7 days.Porphyromonas leviiwas cultured in strict anaerobic conditions for experimentation. Chemotaxis was evaluated by quantifying macrophage migration towardP leviiinBoyden chambers. Phagocytosis was assessed by quantification of macrophages engulfingP leviifollowing incubation with or without anti-P leviiserum or purified IgG. Oxidative burst was measured by use of the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay.Results—Chemotaxis towardP leviiwas not significantly different from control values at any of the tested bacterial concentrations. Phagocytosis ofP leviiwas approximately 10% at a 10:1 bacterium to macrophage ratio and did not change significantly over time. When higher proportions ofP leviiwere tested for phagocytosis, the 1,000:1 bacterium to macrophage ratio had a significant increase, compared with the 10:1 test group. Opsonization ofP leviiwith high-titer anti-P leviiserum or anti-P leviiIgG produced a significant increase in macrophage phagocytosis. Oxidative production significantly increased compared with control in the 1,000:1 test group only.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Porphyromonas leviimay evade host detection by decreased chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst by macrophages. Acquired immunity may be beneficial for clearance ofP leviifoot rot lesions in cattle. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:757–762)
Evaluation of cell-surface IgE receptors on the canine mastocytoma cell line C2 maintained in continuous culture
Authors: Brazís Pilar , Torres Rosa , Queralt Mireia , Mora Fernando de , Ferrer Lluis , Puigdemont Anna 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To assess expression and function of cellsurface
IgE receptors on the canine mastocytoma cell
line C2 maintained in continuous culture.

Sample Population—C2 cells maintained in medium
lacking IgE for up to 10 passages before being stored
at –80 C.

Procedure—Cells were thawed, cultured in medium
without IgE for 1 to 3 passages, sensitized for 7 days
with IgE-rich serum from dogs naturally sensitized to
Ascaris suum, and stimulated with antigen Asc S1
from A suum, goat polyclonal anti-canine IgE, or calcium
ionophore and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).
Percentage of intracellular β-hexosaminidase released
and concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)
synthesized after stimulation were determined.
Expression of cell-surface IgE receptors was
assessed by use of a flow cytometry.

Results—Immunologic stimulation (antigen or anti-IgE) failed to induce release or synthesis of
detectable amounts of β-hexosaminidase or TNF-α. In
contrast, nonimmunologic stimulation (calcium
ionophore and PMA) led to release of β-hexosaminidase
(mean ± SEM maximum release, 23.95
± 1.96%) and synthesis of TNF-α (maximum concentration,
34.34 ± 2.34 pg/106 cells). As revealed by use
of flow cytometry, C2 cells expressed surface IgE
receptors that bound canine IgE in vitro.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Continuous culture of the canine mastocytoma
cell line C2 in medium without exogenous
IgE or cytokines and other growth factors resulted in
cell-surface expression of nonfunctional IgE receptors.
However, C2 cells maintained in continuous culture
may still be a useful tool for the evaluation of
mast cell responses to nonimmunologic stimulation
and IgE receptor differentiation and maturity. (Am J
Vet Res 2002;63:763–766)