bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular and Oral Disease Interactions: What is the Evidence?
Authors: Ford Pauline J , Yamazaki Kazuhisa , Seymour Gregory J 
Published: April 2007

This paper reviews the evidence for the interaction of oral disease (more specifically, periodontal infections) with cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death worldwide, with atherosclerosis as the underlying aetiology in the vast majority of cases. The importance of the role of infection and inflammation in atherosclerosis is now widely accepted, and there has been increasing awareness that immune responses are central to atherogenesis. Chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases are among the most common chronic infections, and a number of studies have shown an association between periodontal disease and an increased risk of stroke and coronary heart disease. Although it is recognised that large-scale intervention studies are required, pathogenic mechanism studies are nevertheless required so as to establish the biological rationale. In this context, a number of hypotheses have been put forward; these include common susceptibility, inflammation via increased circulating cytokines and inflammatory mediators, direct infection of the blood vessels, and the possibility of cross-reactivity or molecular mimicry between bacterial and self-antigens. In this latter hypothesis, the progression of atherosclerosis can be explained in terms of the immune response to bacterial heat shock proteins (HSPs). Because the immune system may not be able to differentiate between self-HSP and bacterial HSP, an immune response generated by the host directed at pathogenic HSP may result in an autoimmune response to similar sequences in the host. Furthermore, endothelial cells express HSPs in atherosclerosis, and cross-reactive T cells exist in the arteries and peripheral blood of patients with atherosclerosis. Each of these hypotheses is reviewed in light of current research. It is concluded that although atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is almost certainly a multifactorial disease, there is now strong evidence that infection and inflammation are important risk factors. As the oral cavity is one potential source of infection, it is wise to try to ensure that any oral disease is minimised. This may be of significant benefit to cardiovascular health and enables members of the oral health team to contribute to their patients’ general health.
Predicting Pediatric Distress During Radiation Therapy Procedures: The Role of Medical, Psychosocial, and Demographic Factors
Authors: Klosky James L. , Tyc Vida L. , Tong Xin , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Kronenberg Mindy , de Armendi Alberto J. , Merchant Thomas E. 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to identify demographic, medical, and psychosocial variables that predict radiation therapy–related distress among pediatric patients with cancer.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Seventy-nine children between the ages of 2 and 7 years were consecutively enrolled in the study. Radiation therapy–related distress was measured by rates of anesthesia, observed behavioral distress, and heart rate.
RESULTS. Younger age and higher observed behavioral distress predicted the use of anesthesia, higher baseline heart rate predicted lower initial observed behavioral distress, and prone treatment position was associated with increases in both observed behavioral distress and heart rate relative to baseline.
CONCLUSIONS. Modifiable treatment and psychological variables directly relate to pediatric radiation therapy–related distress. Implementation of developmentally appropriate and cost-effective interventions to reduce procedural radiation therapy distress is warranted.
The current management of vaginal birth after previous caesarean delivery
Authors: Ball Elizabeth , Hinshaw Kim 
Published: April 2007

Key content

Judicious promotion of vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) is a reasonable strategy to counter the rising caesarean section rate.
VBAC can achieve cost savings along with greater patient satisfaction.
Appropriate augmentation of labour with oxytocin is not associated with an increase in scar rupture rate.
Induction of labour with prostaglandin should be approached with caution as it is associated with an increased risk of scar rupture.
With careful selection and monitoring, VBAC can be considered in twin pregnancy.

Learning objectives

To be aware of the specific level of risk of common complications associated with VBAC (including scar rupture) to facilitate appropriate counselling of women.
To become familiar with evidence‐based tools that can help predict the outcome of planned VBAC.
To know the signs and symptoms indicating impending or acute scar rupture in order to be able to manage women undergoing VBAC safely in the intrapartum period.

Ethical issues

Should society be concerned about the trend towards normalising caesarean birth?
To what degree should women be able to choose repeat caesarean section in the absence of a medical indication?
Research confirms that the majority of women can safely achieve a vaginal delivery after one caesarean section. Should units with low rates of successful VBAC be expected to review and justify their outcomes?

Please cite this article as: Ball E, Hinshaw K. The current management of vaginal birth after previous caesarean delivery. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2007;9:77–82.
Uterine leiomyosarcomas: a review of the diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls
Authors: Harry Vanessa N , Narayansingh Gordon V , Parkin David E 
Published: April 2007

Key content

Uterine leiomyosarcomas are the most common uterine sarcoma and they are notoriously aggressive in nature.
Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and they are usually detected as an incidental finding at surgery.
Tumour stage is the most important prognostic factor.
Misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis can occur following the use of conservative techniques for managing uterine fibroids.
The primary treatment is surgical, while the role of adjuvant therapy is still to be clearly defined.

Learning objectives

To appreciate the diagnostic challenges faced with uterine leiomyosarcomas, especially in view of the similarities with uterine fibroids.
To learn about the current views on surgical treatment and adjuvant therapy.
To have an understanding of the novel therapies currently under investigation.

Ethical issues

Can we offer women conservative non‐surgical treatment for fibroids if we cannot confidently exclude leiomyosarcomas?

Please cite this article as: Harry VN, Narayansingh GV, Parkin DE. Uterine leiomyosarcomas: a review of the diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2007;9:88–94.
Platinum Nanoparticle Clusters Immobilized on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Electrodeposition and Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity for Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Zhao Y. , Fan L. , Zhong H. , Li Y. , Yang S. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract3D flowerlike Pt nanoparticle clusters are electrodeposited onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by using a three‐step protocol, which is all‐electrochemical and involves a key, second step of a potential pulse sequence. This 3D fractal morphology is in marked contrast to the 2D uniform nanoparticle dispersion of MWCNTs, which is achieved when the second step adopts cyclic voltammetry instead of a potential‐step method. The former is found to exhibit significantly higher electrocatalytic activity and better stability than the latter for oxidation of methanol. These attractive features are attributable to the unique 3D flowerlike structure of Pt nanoparticle clusters on MWCNTs with much higher electrochemically active surface areas. Our work points to a new path for the preparation of 3D Pt/MWCNT nanocomposites, which are promising as electrocatalysts in direct methanol fuel cells.
High fever–related maternal diseases as possible causes of multiple congenital abnormalities: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Czeizel Andrew E. , Puhó Erzsébet H. , Ács Nándor , Bánhidy Ferenc 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:Multiple congenital abnormalities (MCAs) represent the most severe category of structural birth defects; therefore, we decided to evaluate the possible etiological factors for MCAs.METHODS:The population‐based large data set of the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (1980–1996) was evaluated.RESULTS:We compared the data of 1,349 cases with MCAs, 2,405 matched population controls without any defect, and 21,494 malformed controls with isolated congenital abnormalities. An association was found between a higher risk for MCAs and high fever–related influenza, common cold with secondary complications, tonsillitis, and recurrent orofacial herpes (adjusted ORs with 95% CIs: 2.3, 1.8–2.9). However, the risk for MCAs was reduced by antifever drug therapy (adjusted OR with 95% CI: 1.6, 0.9–2.9).CONCLUSIONS:An association was found between high fever–related maternal diseases and a higher risk for MCAs; however, a certain portion of these MCAs is preventable by antifever therapy. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A virtualized laboratory for earthquake engineering education
Authors: Kuester Falko , Hutchinson Tara C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPhysical laboratory‐based experiments have been established as a fundamental learning tool in many areas of science and engineering education. They have particularly enriched engineering education by supporting different learning styles. However, the type of physical experiments is generally governed by the available infrastructure and resources, frequently limiting the exposure to valuable educational material to a relatively small audience. With the creation of “Virtualized Laboratories” this problem can be addressed in the form of realistic, multi‐dimensional digital records, capturing the essential characteristics of a physical experiment. To this end, in this paper we present a virtualized laboratory for earthquake engineering education that utilizes virtual reality technology to capture and disseminate the results of shake table experiments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 15–29, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20091
A comparative study of student performance in traditional mode and online mode of learning
Authors: Shen Qiping , Chung Jacky K. H. , Challis Di , Cheung Ronnie C. T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThere has been interest for many decades in comparing the effectiveness of technology‐delivered instruction with traditional face‐to‐face teaching and measurable student outcomes have been an important indicator. Having pointed to salient aspects of the current academic environment and to some of the key literature in this area, this article analyses the performance of two groups of students studying in the traditional mode and the online mode in a masters program delivered by a Department of Computing at a university in Hong Kong. Over 2,000 students have participated in the study between 2000 and 2004. This article includes a comparison of the results between different delivery modes of study each year as well as between different classes over the 4‐year period. Although traditional mode students have achieved a slightly better performance in examinations in comparison with online mode students, the article concludes that there are no significant differences in overall performance between the students. With the impact of technologies on higher education and the demands of a complex and rapidly changing society in the 21st century, this Hong Kong study contributes to the literature that finds mode of study is not a key determinant of success. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 30–40, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20092
Computer‐based management environment for an assembly language programming laboratory
Authors: Rodríguez Santiago , Pedraza José L. , Dopico Antonio G. , Rosales Francisco , Méndez Rafael 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article describes the environment used in the Computer Architecture Department of the Technical University of Madrid (UPM) for managing small laboratory work projects and a specific application for an Assembly Language Programming Laboratory. The approach is based on a chain of tools that a small team of teachers can use to efficiently manage a course with a large number of students (400 per year). Students use this tool chain to complete their assignments using an MC88110 CPU simulator also developed by the Department. Students use a Delivery Agent tool to send files containing their implementations. These files are stored in one of the Department servers. Every student laboratory assignment is tested by an Automatic Project Evaluator that executes a set of previously designed and configured tests. These tools are used by teachers to manage mass courses thereby avoiding restrictions on students working on the same assignment. This procedure may encourage students to copy others' laboratory work and we have therefore developed a complementary tool to help teachers find “replicated” laboratory assignment implementations. This tool is a plagiarism detection assistant that completes the tool‐chain functionality. Jointly, these tools have demonstrated over the last decade that important benefits can be gained from the exploitation of a global laboratory work management system. Some of the benefits may be transferable to an area of growing importance that we have not directly explored, i.e. distance learning environments for technical subjects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 41–54, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20094
AUTOMATH: MATLAB‐based educational software for vehicle's performance and longitudinal dynamics
Authors: Boada María Jesús López , Babé Antonio Gauchía , Boada Beatriz López , López Vicente Díaz 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this article, we present an educational software called AUTOMATH, developed to allow the engineering students to learn easily and rapidly about the vehicle's performance and longitudinal dynamics. This software uses the graphical user interface (GUI) capabilities of MATLAB which has shown to be a good choice if the teacher wishes to collaborate with students on a GUI because engineering students are typically familiar. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 55–63, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20095
Residue curve map for homogeneous reactive quaternary mixtures
Authors: Binous Housam 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe show how one can compute residue curve maps (RCMs) for the methyl acetate and isopropyl acetate chemistries at atmospheric pressure. These computations involve solving a complex system of differential algebraic equations (DAEs). This can be readily achieved using the built‐in functions of Mathematica and MATLAB. The governing equations, which depend on transformed compositions, are provided. Equations to compute vapor–liquid equilibrium when there is dimerization in the gas phase are given because of the presence of acetic acid in both quaternary mixtures. The occurrence of a chemical reaction leads to the disappearance of an azeotrope in the methyl acetate chemistry. On the other hand, a reactive azeotrope appears in the isopropyl acetate chemistry. Transformed compositions of these azeotropes are provided. The MATLAB programs and Mathematica notebooks are available from the author upon request or via http://library.wolfram.com/infocenter/search/?search_results=1;search_person_id=1536 or http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadAuthor.do?objectType=author&objectId=1093893. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 73–77, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20084
Geology and Mining System (GMS) for computer‐aided mine valuation
Authors: Erarslan Kaan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this study, the software Geology and Mining System (GMS) has been developed for the education of geology and mining engineering students in mine valuation courses. The GMS has been applied in education for 2 years and it has been observed that the system serves to cognitive education purposes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 78–87, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20105
Interactive multimedia teaching of digital signal processors
Authors: Toral S. L. , Barrero F. , Martínez‐Torres M. R. , Gallardo S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article shows a novel approach to Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) teaching based on an interactive multimedia educational tool, designed with Shockwave™ and Macromedia Director™. The use and utility of the tool has been analyzed, and the benefits of this novel teaching methodology have been pointed out. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 88–98, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20110
Compassionate, safe and rigorous child protection practice with biological parents of adopted children
Authors: Turnell Andrew , Elliott Sharon , Hogg Viv 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThere is a worldwide trend towards re‐energizing the use of adoption as a tool of child protection, primarily designed to ensure that children do not languish in care. This paper poses the question: does this trend obscure the rights of relinquishing parents? By inquiring into a specific case, and reflecting on the themes surrounding this practice, the authors suggest that rigorous practice, which attends to the permanency needs of the child, is possible while simultaneously being responsive to the human rights of the biological parents. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signs, symptoms and risk factors: health visitors' perspectives of child neglect
Authors: Lewin David , Herron Helen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFollowing a brief review of child neglect in England, this small scale, descriptive study ranked in descending order of importance, based on their expertise in the field of child protection, the perceptions of experienced health visitors with respect to 45 signs, symptoms and risk factors of child neglect derived from the literature. The research employed a prospective, survey design using anonymised, self‐completion, postal questionnaires and involved 124 health visitors working in East Anglia of whom 92 finally took part. The response rate was 74%. The study was conducted in 2002, over a period of one year, with respondents from care settings in Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, UK. On the basis of 4001 observations, findings demonstrated promising within‐cohort professional agreement regarding ways in which significant features of child neglect were similarly regarded by health visitors and reflected broadly the established wisdom in the literature. The top ten ranked child neglect characteristics included violence to the child, the child being excluded by the family, the child being left unattended or left to care for other children, violence within the home, a domestic atmosphere of high criticism and low warmth, evidence of human and animal excrement, an unsafe environment, the availability of little or no food, a history of child abuse and poor parenting and unmet medical needs. By contrast, poverty, poor hygiene, housing and state of clothing, financial pressures and unemployment were scored as least important. While the importance of establishing a professional consensus on neglect is considered crucial to improving the evidence base of all protecting neglected children, further investigation is needed on the extent to which perception data might be used in education and practice and its impact on the identification and management of child neglect. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Child neglect and the law: catapults, thresholds and Delay
Authors: Dickens Jonathan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the dilemmas and challenges that arise when child neglect cases reach such a level of severity that court proceedings become necessary. It identifies the complexities of determining the appropriate social work and legal responses to child neglect, and of squaring these with wider organisational priorities and social policy imperatives. The paper draws on data from a series of interviews with local authority social work and legal staff. It highlights the ‘threshold criteria’ for the court's intervention, barriers to crossing them in neglect cases and the frequent need for a decisive event (a ‘catapult’) to do so. It shows the conflicts and tensions of reconciling social work and legal approaches, but also the overlaps and inter‐dependency between them. Despite the difficulties, the way forward lies in the interaction of different professional perspectives and skills, in ways that are both critical and supportive. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Juvenile prostitution and community rehabilitation: an exploratory analysis of beliefs and values
Authors: Robinson Rebecca , Páramo Pablo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA community, juvenile prostitution rehabilitation programme in Bogotá, Colombia, South America is described; and beliefs and values of the residents were explored. Multiple sorting procedures and multi‐dimensional scaling analysis elicited qualitative, structured, self‐report data, and investigated cognitive constructs. Participants discriminated between belief‐statements along two global dimensions: street‐life and prostitution; and rehabilitation. These were comprised of qualitatively different elements. Clinical implications for interventions with this group and the rehabilitation programme are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human rights and applied psychology
Authors: Kinderman Peter 
Published: April 2007

AbstractApplied and community psychology necessarily involves the consideration of human rights issues. The problems experienced by many of the clients of applied psychologists result from human rights abuses, the provisions of the Human Rights Act (1998) relate to the everyday practice of applied and community psychologists, and psychologists have a distinctive perspective on human rights. For psychologists, human rights reflect formalized systems for ensuring that people's basic needs are satisfied. Declarations of human rights and legal provisions therefore represent, for psychologists, codifications of how we collectively understand our relationships and social obligations. It is therefore argued that psychologists should positively advocate for the application of psychological science to these issues. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.