bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injectable macroporous naturally‐derived apatite bone cement as a potential trabecular bone substitute
Authors: Dewangan Vimal Kumar , Sampath Kumar T. S. , Doble Mukesh , Daniel Varghese Viju 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we have formulated a novel apatite bone cements derived from natural sources (i.e. eggshell and fishbone) with improved qualities that is, porosity, resorbability, biological activity, and so forth. The naturally‐derived apatite bone cement (i.e. FBDEAp) was prepared by mixing hydroxyapatite (synthesized from fishbone) and tricalcium phosphate (synthesized from eggshell) as a solid phase with a liquid phase (a dilute acidic blend of cement binding accelerator and biopolymers like gelatin and chitosan) with polysorbate (as liquid porogen) to get a desired bone cement paste. The prepared cement paste sets within the clinically acceptable setting time (≤20 min), easily injectable (>85%) through hands and exhibits physiological pH stability (7.3–7.4). The pure apatite phased bone cement was confirmed by x‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The FBDEAp bone cement possesses acceptable compressive strength (i.e. 5–7 MPa) within trabecular bone range and is resorbable up to 28% in simulated body fluid solution within 12 weeks of incubation at physiological conditions. The FBDEAp is macroporous in nature (average pore size ~50–400 μm) with interconnected pores verified by SEM and micro‐CT analyses. The FBDEAp showed significantly increased MG63 cell viability (>125% after 72 h), cell adhesion, proliferation, and key osteogenic genes expression levels (up to 5–13 folds) compared to the synthetically derived, synthetic and eggshell derived as well as synthetic and fishbone derived bone cements. Thus, we strongly believe that our prepared FBDEAp bone cement can be used as potential trabecular bone substitute in orthopedics.
An overview of prominent factors influencing the photocatalytic degradation of cationic crystal violet dye employing diverse nanostructured materials
Authors: Shabna Shaila , Singh Christopher John Clement , Dhas Sathiya Dhas Sahaya Jude , Jeyakumar Selvamani Chellappan , Biju Chellaswamy Saraswathy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCrystal violet (CV), a cationic dye, has been demonstrated to be a powerful carcinogen, a mitotic toxin and poisonous to mammalian cells such that the predominant presence of the dye invariably causes several effects of destruction to mankind and it necessitates a clarion call to do away with this nuisance before it can produce a snowball effect. The recent widespread reporting of the photocatalysis‐mediated degradation of CV as an emerging technique for removing this dangerous dye from aqueous mediums highlights its effectiveness. Numerous researchers have contributed substantially to describing how photocatalysis‐based nanomaterials could be used to degrade CV. The fundamentals and the factors that predominantly influence CV degradation are highlighted in this work. These factors include the nature of nanomaterials, catalyst concentration, dye dosage, pH of the solution in use, temperature and light intensity. Additionally, thorough kinetics and mechanistic descriptions are also included to give crucial insights into the light‐mediated reaction of CV. The present study's findings have the potential to alleviate practitioners and researchers of the burden of having to navigate through numerous studies under each category of parameters to get an exhaustive overview of all of the different variables that may affect the photocatalytic degradation of CV dye. In order to further enhance the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of CV, researchers can expand on this study by investigating novel strategies to lessen the impact of certain elements that adversely affect the photocatalytic reaction process. The potential prospects for extending the advancement of scientific study in this area are also explored. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Immobilization: the promising technique to protect and increase the efficiency of microorganisms to remove contaminants
Authors: Najim Aya A. , Radeef Ahmed Y. , al‐Doori Ibrahim , Jabbar Zaid H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiodegradation of pollutants is one of the most economical methods for their removal and usually is accompanied by no production of toxic by‐products. In general, this approach is favored over others because it offers reduced expenses and the potential for complete mineralization. In order to enhance the viability and longevity of the bioremediation agents within polluted areas, it becomes necessary to immobilize the cells. Cell immobilization refers to the procedure of confining intact cells to specific areas within a device or material, without compromising their essential biological functions. A wide variety of carriers and approaches have been used for the restriction of various cells. Immobilization techniques, such as microencapsulation, have opened up new possibilities in biotechnology by facilitating the development of artificial organs, cell therapies and drug delivery systems. Researchers have found promising outcomes in various applications through the immobilization of microorganisms. This approach enhances stability, reusability and catalytic efficiency, making immobilization a valuable strategy for biocatalysis, bioremediation and other biotechnological processes. Notably, the use of immobilized microorganisms has led to significant improvements in the removal of pollutants, with some studies achieving 100% efficiency. When comparing the degradation of pollutants between free and immobilized microorganisms over the same time period, the results demonstrated that immobilized microorganisms achieved a removal efficiency >21% more than that of free microbial consortia. The primary objective of this review is to give an overview of the key scientific aspects related to bioremediation of various pollutants using immobilized cells, with a particular focus on the techniques used to entrap the cells. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
PD‐L1 on large extracellular vesicles is a predictive biomarker for therapy response in tissue PD‐L1‐low and ‐negative patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Schöne Nadja , Kemper Marcel , Menck Kerstin , Evers Georg , Krekeler Carolin , Schulze Arik Bernard , Lenz Georg , Wardelmann Eva , Binder Claudia , Bleckmann Annalen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImmunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High expression of tissue PD‐L1 (tPD‐L1) is currently the only approved biomarker for predicting treatment response. However, even tPD‐L1 low (1‐49%) and absent (<1%) patients might benefit from immunotherapy but, to date, there is no reliable biomarker, that can predict response in this particular patient subgroup. This study aimed to test whether tumour‐associated extracellular vesicles (EVs) could fill this gap. Using NSCLC cell lines, we identified a panel of tumour‐related antigens that were enriched on large EVs (lEVs) compared to smaller EVs. The levels of lEVs carrying these antigens were significantly elevated in plasma of NSCLC patients (n = 108) and discriminated them from controls (n = 77). Among the tested antigens, we focused on programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), which is a well‐known direct target for immunotherapy. In plasma lEVs, PD‐L1 was mainly found on a population of CD45−/CD62P+ lEVs and thus seemed to be associated with platelet‐derived vesicles. Patients with high baseline levels of PD‐L1+ lEVs in blood showed a significantly better response to immunotherapy and prolonged survival. This was particularly true in the subgroup of NSCLC patients with low or absent tPD‐L1 expression, thus identifying PD‐L1‐positive lEVs in plasma as a novel predictive and prognostic marker for immunotherapy.
Tri‐component hydrocolloid as egg white replacement in meringues: gellan gum with soy protein isolate and maltodextrin
Authors: Choi Hyun Woo , You Youngsang , Ham Seung Hwan , Choe Yaeji , Park Sangeun , Hahn Jungwoo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the quest for sustainable food ingredients, the present study delves into the potential of a tri‐component hydrocolloid blend, comprising gellan gum (GG), soy protein isolate (SPI) and maltodextrin (MD), as a replacement for egg white in meringue production. The research aims to elucidate the intricate physical properties of meringue containing this tri‐component structure, focusing on foaming dynamics, rheological behavior and the textural properties of the resulting meringue cookies.RESULTSExperiments were conducted with various hydrocolloids (k‐carrageenan, GG, and locust bean gum) and GG was identified as optimal for improving foaming capacity and foaming stability. Rheological evaluations showed a positive correlation between increased GG concentration within the tri‐component matrix and an increase in both storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G"), indicating improved structural integrity. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the texture profiles of cookies prepared with this blend highlighted the ability of higher GG concentrations to satisfactorily replicate the tactile and visual qualities of traditional egg white‐based meringues. This result was particularly evident compared to formulations utilizing solely SPI or the combined SPI–MD configuration.CONCLUSIONConclusively, the results of the present study highlight the significant potential of the GG‐SPI‐MD tri‐component structure to closely mimic the critical properties of egg white, thus offering a promising plant‐based alternative for meringue production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synthesis, thermal stability, and degradation kinetics of a novel boron‐containing novolac based on triphenyl borate
Authors: Huang Shijun , Zhai Suyu , Lai Wenzhong , Chen Kai , Xiao Wangchuan , Chen Jiwei , Bu Jida 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA novel boron‐containing novolac (triphenyl borate‐formaldehyde resin, TPBF) was synthesized. The structure, thermoplasticity, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution of TPBF have been characterized with FT‐IR, melt viscosity, 13C NMR and GPC. The thermal stability of TPBF was investigated by TGA, indicating the thermal stability of TPBF was much better than that of normal novolac (phenol‐formaldehyde resin, PF). TPBFs with different molar ratios of formaldehyde to benzene ring in triphenyl borate (TPB) were also synthesized and compared for molecular size, polydispersity and thermal stability. Further, the thermal degradation kinetics of TPBFs and PF were studied by TGA using Madhusdanan‐Krishnan‐Ninan method and the activation energies were calculated at different degradation stages. It was found that the thermal degradations of TPBFs and PF are a multistage reaction and the degradation reactions in every stage follow the first order reaction mechanism. Finally, the activation energies of thermal degradations of novolac increase with the introduction of boron, the progress of degradation reaction as well as the increase of molar ratios.
Cationic surfactant modified iron nanoparticles for removal of orange II in batch mode: Kinetics, isotherms, mechanistic, and thermodynamic approach
Authors: Al‐Thubaiti Khloud Saeed , Khan Zaheer 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe interaction of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with orange II has been studied spectrophotometrically. CTA‐Orange II complex was isolated from an aqueous solution with chloroform. The results indicate that the CTAB interacts in 1:1 stoichiometry with orange II. CTAB capped FeNPs were used as an adsorbent to the removal of CTA‐Orange II complex. Energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscope (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), surface scanning microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to determine the morphology of FeNPs. The effect of contact time, pH, and concentration of orange II were examined on the removal of dye and surfactant. The removal of orange II followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of CTAB‐FeNPs for orange II was 1288.9 mg/g at 30°C. CTA‐Orange II complex was adsorbed onto the adsorbent through several types of interaction (e.g., electrostatic attractions, van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonding and n‐π stacking interactions). The sorption of orange G was also studied at different CTAB concentrations. The results implied that the maximum sorption amount was almost half of the orange II adsorption. The findings reveal the feasibility of CTAB capped FeNPs to be used as an excellent and low‐cost adsorbent for the removal of various water pollutants, more specifically anionic dyes.
Dynamic Thermosetting Resins with Synergistic Enhanced Strength and Toughness through Combination with Rigid and Soft Microdomains
Authors: Guo Yinzhou , Shu Tiantian , Wang Yihan , Cui Chenhui , Zhou Qinghao , Zhang Qiang , Cheng Yilong , Ge Zhishen , Chen Gang , Zhang Yanfeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPreparation of materials that possess highly strong and tough properties simultaneously is a great challenge. Thermosetting resins as a type of widely used polymeric materials without synergistic strength and toughness limit their applications in some special fields. In this report, an effective strategy to prepare thermosetting resins with synergistic strength and toughness, is presented. In this method, the soft and rigid microspheres with dynamic hemiaminal bonds are fabricated first, followed by hot‐pressing to crosslink at the interfaces. Specifically, the rigid or soft microspheres are prepared via precipitation polymerization. After hot‐pressing, the resulting rigid‐soft blending materials exhibit superior strength and toughness, simultaneously. As compared with the precursor rigid or soft materials, the toughness of the rigid‐soft blending films (RSBFs) is improved to 240% and 2100%, respectively, while the strength is comparable to the rigid precursor. As compared with the traditional crushing, blending, and hot‐pressing of rigid or soft materials to get the nonuniform materials, the strength and toughness of the RSBFs are improved to 168% and 255%, respectively. This approach holds significant promise for the fabrication of polymer thermosets with a unique combination of strength and toughness.
Development of an evaluation indicator for highway climate change adaptation projects based on analytical hierarchy process in South Korea
Authors: Song Moon‐Soo , Yum Sang‐Guk , Yun Hong‐Sic , Park Sang‐Hoon , Bae Sang‐Won , Lee Jae‐Joon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOwing to climate change, abnormal climate phenomena occur frequently, damaging aging highway facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to develop adaptation projects for highway systems. Adaptation projects focus on mitigating the impact of climate change on highway facilities and enabling safe use. The present study aims to develop quantified evaluation indicators that are necessary for planning and selecting appropriate climate change adaptation projects. By analysing previous studies, the most important factors to be considered in the evaluation process of climate change adaptation projects were defined, and 20 preliminary evaluation indicators were divided into three layers. A feasibility study for each class was performed on the preliminary evaluation indicators by an expert panel; 16 evaluation indicators were selected through a feasibility study, and the weight of each indicator was calculated using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. The priority of the evaluation indicators was service improvement through adaptation projects (weight 8.76), cost reduction and job creation (weight 8.46), and climate change impact reduction and vulnerability reduction (weight 8.31). These quantified evaluation indicators can help organizations that manage highways respond to climate change and establish adaptation projects.
Gut Microbiota Metabolite TMA May Mediate the Effects of TMAO on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Li Xiao‐Yue , Yu Zhu‐Lin , Zhao Ying‐Cai , Wang Dan‐Dan , Xue Chang‐Hu , Zhang Tian‐Tian , Wang Yu‐Ming 
Published: March 2024

ScopeGut microbiota can convert a variety of alkaloids and TMAO into TMA, which is then transported by the blood to the liver, and converted into TMAO. In recent years, TMAO has attracted wide attention as a metabolic risk factor in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other diseases. However, it is still unclear about the role of gut microbial metabolite TMA in the adverse health impacts of TMAO.Methods and resultsMale C57BL/6J is treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral TMAO for 8 weeks, the area under the OGTT curve of oral group is significantly increased by about 15% compared to the control and injection groups. Serum triglyceride levels in the oral group are significantly higher by 28.2% and 24.6% than those in the control and injection groups, respectively. Meanwhile, cholesterol content in serum is significantly elevated by 27.6% and 30.7%. Similarly, proinflammatory factors gene expressions are significantly increased with oral but not i.p. TMAO intervention. Furthermore, transformation in HepG2 cells shows that TMAO could not be converted into TMA by hepatocytes.ConclusionThe adverse effects of TMAO on glucose and lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice may act through gut microbiota metabolite TMA.
Millimeter wave‐based patient setup verification and motion tracking during radiotherapy
Authors: Bressler Max , Zhu Jingxuan , Olick‐Gibson Joshua , Haefner Jonathan , Zhou Shuang , Chen Qinghao , Mazur Thomas , Hao Yao , Carter Paul , Zhang Tiezhi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPosition verification and motion monitoring are critical for safe and precise radiotherapy (RT). Existing approaches to these tasks based on visible light or x‐ray are suboptimal either because they cannot penetrate obstructions to the patient's skin or introduce additional radiation exposure. The low‐cost mmWave radar is an ideal solution for these tasks as it can monitor patient position and motion continuously throughout the treatment delivery.PurposeTo develop and validate frequency‐modulated continuous wave (FMCW) mmWave radars for position verification and motion tracking during RT delivery.MethodsA 77 GHz FMCW mmWave module was used in this study. Chirp Z Transform‐based (CZT) algorithm was developed to process the intermediate frequency (IF) signals. Absolute distances to flat Solid Water slabs and human shape phantoms were measured. The accuracy of absolute distance and relative displacement were evaluated.ResultsWithout obstruction, mmWave based on the CZT algorithm was able to detect absolute distance within 1 mm for a Solid Water slab that simulated the reflectivity of the human body. Through obstructive materials, the mmWave device was able to detect absolute distance within 5 mm in the worst case and within 3.5 mm in most cases. The CZT algorithm significantly improved the accuracy of absolute distance measurement compared with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and was able to achieve submillimeter displacement accuracy with and without obstructions. The surface‐to‐skin distance (SSD) measurement accuracy was within 8 mm in the anterior of the phantom.ConclusionsWith the CZT signal processing algorithm, the mmWave radar is able to measure the absolute distance to a flat surface within 1 mm. But the absolute distance measurement to a human shape phantom is as large as 8 mm at some angles. Further improvement is necessary to improve the accuracy of SSD measurement to uneven surfaces by the mmWave radar.
Ultrahigh‐frequency ultrasound of fascicles in the common fibular, superficial fibular, and sural nerves
Authors: Meiling James B. , Andrapalliyal Nirmal , McGhee Marisa Barclay , Penry Vanessa Baute , Cartwright Michael S. , Gandhi Mehta Rachana K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsWhile ultrasound assessment of cross‐sectional area and echogenicity has gained popularity as a biomarker for various neuropathies, there is a scarcity of data regarding fascicle count and density in neuropathies or even healthy controls. The aim of this study was to determine whether fascicles within select lower limb nerves (common fibular, superficial fibular, and sural nerves) can be counted in healthy individuals using ultrahigh‐frequency ultrasound (UHFUS).MethodsTwenty healthy volunteers underwent sonographic examination of the common fibular, superficial fibular, and sural nerves on each lower limb using UHFUS with a 48 MHz linear transducer. Fascicle counts and density in each examined nerve were determined by a single rater.ResultsThe mean fascicle number for each of the measured nerves included the following: common fibular nerve 9.85 (SD 2.29), superficial fibular nerve 5.35 (SD 1.59), and sural nerve 6.73 (SD 1.91). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between cross‐sectional area and fascicle count for all three nerves. In addition, there was a significant association seen in the common fibular nerve between fascicle density and height, weight, and body mass index. Age and sex did not predict fascicle count or density (all p > .13).DiscussionUHFUS enabled the identification and counting of fascicles and fascicle density in the common fibular, superficial fibular, and sural nerves. Knowledge about normal values and normal peripheral nerve architecture is needed in order to further understand and identify pathological changes that may occur within each nerve in different disease states.
The effect of a distance education training program on nurse Interns' readiness for distance education and their perceptions of lifelong learning
Authors: El Demerdash Doaa , Abuelela Lucy Ahmed , Mekkawy Mimi Mohamed , Alabdullah Amany Anwar Saeed , Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed Farghaly 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study is to assess the effect of a distance education training program on nurse interns' readiness for distance education and their perceptions of lifelong learning.DesignA quasi‐experimental research approach with one‐group, pre/post‐test was used.MethodsThe study used a quasi‐experimental research approach and was carried out at Damanhour University's Faculty of Nursing. A study was carried out on 345 interns' students. All nursing interns enrolled in the 2020–2021 internship training year. The researchers employed a program that contained a distance education readiness assessment as well as a questionnaire about the perceived advantages of lifelong learning.ResultsThe majority (99.7%) of nurse interns were highly ready for distance education, whereas only 0.3 percent were moderately ready following the training program implementation immediately. In comparison to pre‐training, the majority (91.9%) of them were somewhat ready for distance education, while just 7.2 percent were highly prepared. Furthermore, the majority (97.1%) of them had high total skills of distance education after implementation of the training program by 3 months, and 95.4 percent had high total skills of learning immediately after the training program, whereas 26.1% of nurse interns had high total skills before the training program, at p value 0.01.