bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fistula Analysis After Radial Forearm Free Flap Reconstruction of Hypopharyngeal Defects
Authors: Andrades Patricio , Pehler Stephen F. , Baranano Christopher F. , Magnuson Jeffery S. , Carroll William R. , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: To evaluate risk factors and management options for fistula formation after hypopharyngeal reconstruction using the radial forearm free flap reconstruction.Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Methods: Patients undergoing radial forearm free flap for hypopharyngeal reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 104 patients underwent this procedure between 2001 and 2007. Fistulas were classified as mild or severe depending on the response to conservative management. Demographics, operative details, pathology, and postoperative course were recorded as the prognostic variables. Univariate analysis and a logistic regression model were used to identify associated factors.Results: Pharyngocutaneous fistula developed in 30 (28.8%) patients. Recurrence, cancer stage, cancer location, type of ablative surgery, and the addition of other oncologic procedures were identified as significant predictors of fistula formation. Fistula significantly increases hospital stay and recipient site complications such as flap survival, infection, and bleeding. Functional results such as diet, deformity, and socialization were also negatively affected by fistula development. One third of the cases responded to conservative management, and 20 cases required a surgical procedure to definitively close the fistulous track.Conclusions: Fistula formation remains a significant cause of morbidity associated with hypopharyngealreconstruction. Postoperative course and successful preventive strategies are discussed.
Maintenance Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Can Inhibit the Return of Tinnitus
Authors: Mennemeier Mark , Chelette Kenneth C. , Myhill Jeffery , Taylor‐Cooke Patricia , Bartel Twyla , Triggs William , Kimbrell Timothy , Dornhoffer John 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: A single patient was tested to examine the safety and feasibility of using maintenance sessions of low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (1 Hz rTMS) to reduce tinnitus loudness and prevent its return over time.Study Design: Interrupted time series with multiple replications.Methods: Tinnitus loudness was assessed using a visual analogue rating (VAR) with 0 = no tinnitus, and 100 = loudest tinnitus experienced; 1,800 TMS pulses delivered at 1 Hz and 110% of motor threshold were administered over the posterior, superior lateral temporal gyrus of the subject's right hemisphere until subjective tinnitus fell to a VAR of 25. TMS was reapplied as tinnitus returned to a VAR of 25 or higher. Cerebral metabolism was measured using positron emission tomography before and after treatment.Results: In this patient, tinnitus could be reduced to a VAR of 6 or lower each time it reoccurred using one to three maintenance sessions of rTMS. Tinnitus loudness remained at or below a VAR of 25 and was reported to be unobtrusive in daily life when last assessed 4 months after the third and final round of maintenance treatment. Asymmetric increased cerebral metabolism in the right hemisphere reduced following treatment and as tinnitus improved. Maintenance treatment was well tolerated with no side effects.Conclusions: Although a case study cannot establish treatment efficacy, this study demonstrates for the first time that it is feasible to use maintenance rTMS to manage chronic tinnitus. Maintenance rTMS might impede cortical expansion of the tinnitus frequency into adjacent cortical areas, but group studies are necessary to confirm this speculation.
Pneumolabyrinth Without Temporal Bone Fracture: Different Outcomes for Hearing Recovery
Authors: Woo Hyun‐Jae , Song Si‐Youn , Kim Yong‐Dae , Bai Chang Hoon 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPneumolabyrinth is a rare clinical manifestation seen in the practice of otology. It occurs usually after head trauma with temporal bone fracture. However, pneumolabyrinth without temporal bone fracture is a very rare occurrence. When it occurs, it is usually diagnosed by high‐resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone. Therapy for pneumolabyrinth is conservative treatment or an exploratory tympanotomy. Recently, we saw two cases of pneumolabyrinth after trauma without temporal bone fracture. The patients were treated with conservative management for the pneumolabyrinth. However, the degree of recovery from hearing loss was different for each patient.
Three‐Dimensional Fluid‐Attenuated Inversion Recovery Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Prognosis in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Yoshida Tadao , Sugiura Makoto , Naganawa Shinji , Teranishi Masaaki , Nakata Seiichi , Nakashima Tsutomu 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Three‐dimensional fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (3D‐FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently been developed to detect high concentrations of protein or hemorrhage. We have previously reported that 50% of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) show high signals in the affected inner ear on 3D‐FLAIR MRI. However, the relationship between 3D‐FLAIR findings and hearing prognosis is unclear. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between the results of 3D‐FLAIR MRI at 3 Tesla and prognosis in sudden SNHL.Study Design and Methods: We used 3D‐FLAIR at 3 Tesla with and without gadolinium enhancement to evaluate the pathologic conditions in the inner ears of 48 patients with sudden SNHL.Results: Thirty‐one of 48 patients with sudden SNHL showed high signals in the affected inner ear on precontrast 3D‐FLAIR. Hearing improvement in patients with high signals in the affected inner ear on precontrast 3D‐FLAIR (25 ± 19 dB) was significantly worse than that in patients with no signal (45 ± 27 dB; P < .05). Our analysis suggests that high signals in the affected inner ear on precontrast 3D‐FLAIR MRI is a new prognostic factor for sudden SNHL.Conclusions: 3D‐FLAIR findings show that high signals in the cochlea on precontrast 3D‐FLAIR are related to a poor hearing prognosis. These signals may reflect minor hemorrhage or an increased concentration of protein in the inner ear, which has passed through blood vessels with increased permeability or has originated in disrupted cells in the inner ear.
Optical Coherence Tomography of the Cochlea in the Porcine Model
Authors: Sepehr Ali , Djalilian Hamid R. , Chang Janice E. , Chen Zhongping , Wong Brian J. F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: To demonstrate the feasibility of optical coherence tomography in microstructural imaging of the porcine cochlea.Study Design: Ex vivo, porcine model.Methods: Optical coherence tomographic images of the porcine cochlea were obtained by thinning the bone from the basal turn of the cochlea leaving the endosteum intact. The images were compared with the corresponding histological sections.Results: In the areas of thinned bone, images were obtained of the stria vascularis, Reissner's membrane, basilar membrane, tectorial membrane, scala media, scala tympani, and scala vestibuli. The bone was too thick for adequate light penetration in the areas where it was not thinned. Good histological correlation was obtained.Conclusions: Cochlear and vestibular microanatomic structures of the pig cochlea were clearly identified with histological confirmation, suggesting the potential application of this noninvasive imaging modality for in vivo imaging of the human cochlea.
Letters of Recommendation to an Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery Residency Program: Their Function and the Role of Gender
Authors: Messner Anna H. , Shimahara Erika 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: To ascertain common features and gender differences in letters of recommendation (LORs) for applicants to an otolaryngology/head and neck surgery (OHNS) residency program.Study Design: Retrospective review.Methods: Seven hundred sixty‐three LORs submitted to one OHNS residency program in 2006 were reviewed.Results: All 763 letters “recommended” the applicant for OHNS residency. Ninety‐one percent of letters were written by men, 68.4% by male otolaryngologists (OTOs), 4.2% by female OTOs, and 33% by OHNS department chairs or division chiefs (100% men). A comparison of female and male letter writers revealed five categories with significant differences: female letter writers were more likely to call an applicant a “team player” (P = .000), “compassionate,” (P = .001) and use strings of adjectives (P = .024). In contrast, they were less likely when compared with male letter writers, to mention an applicant's personal life (P = .003), or write “letters of minimal assurance” (P = .035). Evaluation of the letters by applicant gender revealed two findings: letter writers were more likely to use a gender term in letters for male applicants (P = .004), and male letter writers were more likely to make reference to a female candidate's physical appearance (P = .040).Conclusions: LORs for OHNS residency universally advocate for the applicant. The letters are writtenpredominately by the highest‐ranking male OTOs in academic medicine. In the LORs, male and female applicants are described similarly. Male and female letter writers, however, often describe applicants in different ways regardless of applicant gender.
Disarrangement of Collagen Fibers in Reinke's Edema
Authors: Sakae Flavio Akira , Imamura Rui , Sennes Luiz U. , Mauad Thais , Saldiva Paulo H. , Tsuji Domingos H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: To describe the arrangement of collagen fibers in the superficial layer of the lamina propria of the vocal folds with Reinke' edema.Study Design: Cross sectional analysis of the lamina propria of the vocal folds with Reinke's edema (RE).Method: The picrosirius polarization method was used to study the arrangement of collagen fiber. Findings of collagen disarrangement were categorized semiquantitatively and correlated with RE severity, age, cigarette smoking and duration of dysphonia.Results: Analysis of 20 specimens of vocal folds with RE showed that the intertwined network of collagen fibers resembling a wicker‐basket normally observed in vocal folds was disarranged in RE. The collagen fibers were loosely arranged, fragmented and intermixed with varying amounts of myxoid stroma. Moderate and large areas of disarrangement (90% of cases) predominated. Collagen fiber arrangement in the region underneath the epithelium was better preserved when compared with fibers in the deeper region of the superficial layer of the lamina propria. There was a statistical difference in collagen disarrangement between grade II and grade III severity (P = .007) that appeared to be due to the large areas of disarrangement observed in 73% of patients with grade III severity and in 44% of grade II severity. Age was the only variable correlated with collagen fiber disarrangement (r = 0.47, P = .037).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the flexible framework which maintains the uniformity of the lamina propria was lost in RE caused by the disarrangement of the collagen fibers.
A Test for Measuring Gustatory Function
Authors: Smutzer Gregory , Lam Si , Hastings Lloyd , Desai Hetvi , Abarintos Ray A. , Sobel Marc , Sayed Nabil 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of edible taste strips for measuring human gustatory function.Study Design: The physical properties of edible taste strips were examined to determine their potential for delivering threshold and suprathreshold amounts of taste stimuli to the oral cavity. Taste strips were then assayed by fluorescence to analyze the uniformity and distribution of bitter tastant in the strips. Finally, taste recognition thresholds for sweet taste were examined to determine whether or not taste strips could detect recognition thresholds that were equal to or better than those obtained from aqueous tests.Methods: Edible strips were prepared from pullulan‐hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solutions that were dried to a thin film. The maximal amount of a tastant that could be incorporated in a 2.54 cm2 taste strip was identified by including representative taste stimuli for each class of tastant (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami) during strip formation. Distribution of the bitter tastant quinine hydrochloride in taste strips was assayed by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The efficacy of taste strips for evaluating human gustatory function was examined by using a single series ascending method of limits protocol. Sucrose taste recognition threshold data from edible strips was then compared with results that were obtained from a standard “sip and spit” recognition threshold test.Results: Edible films that formed from a pullulan‐hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polymer mixture can be used to prepare clear, thin strips that have essentially no background taste and leave no physical presence after release of tastant. Edible taste strips could uniformly incorporate up to 5% of their composition as tastant. Taste recognition thresholds for sweet taste were over one order of magnitude lower with edible taste strips when compared with an aqueous taste test.Conclusion: Edible taste strips are a highly sensitive method for examining taste recognition thresholds in humans. This new means of presenting taste stimuli should have widespread applications for examining human taste function in the laboratory, in the clinic, or at remote locations.
Long‐Term Results of Radiotherapy for T1a and T1bN0M0 Glottic Carcinoma
Authors: Nomiya Takuma , Nemoto Kenji , Wada Hitoshi , Takai Yoshihiro , Yamada Shogo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study is to determine the prognostic factors for local control and significance of total radiation dose in T1 glottic cancer.Study Design: Retrospective study.Methods: Data from 163 patients with T1 N0 M0 Stage I glottic squamous cell carcinoma (T1a: 115, T1b: 48) who were treated with radiotherapy alone during 1976 to 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. Age, source, total dose, field size, overall treatment time, and average fraction size were set as variables in multivariate analysis.Results: The 5‐year local control rates (LCR) were 92.3% and 85.0% for patients with T1a and T1b glottic carcinoma, respectively. Only total radiation dose (P = .048) was a significant prognostic factor for local control in multivariate analysis of T1b glottic carcinoma. Local control in the higher total dose group was better than that in the lower total dose group (5 year LCRs were 100% and 76% for the group of >66 Gy and the group of ≤66 Gy, respectively. P = .024, logrank test). None of the treatment parameters were shown to be significant prognostic factors in multivariate analysis of T1a glottic carcinoma.Conclusions: Radiotherapy with a total dose of 67 to 70 Gy seemed to be required for local control in T1b glottic carcinoma. No significant benefit of total radiation dose >64 Gy was shown in the analysis of T1a glottic carcinoma.
Computed Tomography Imaging of Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Barkdull Gregory C. , Kohl Chad A. , Patel Minal , Davidson Terence M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: This study used computed tomography (CT) to identify anatomic features of the awake upper respiratory tract (URT) that correlate with severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Study Design: An IRB approved radiographic study of 80 patients with OSA and 56 patients from the general population.Methods: Awake, noncontrast CT was performed from the skull base to the thoracic inlet in patients with OSA. Cross‐sectional measurements of the retropalatal and retrolingual airways were made along with the size of the cervicomandibular ring and the percentage neck fat. The mandibular plane to hyoid distance, neck length, and laryngeal descent were also recorded. The posterior tongue fat content was estimated using the Hounsfield unit for radiodensity. The radiographic data were then compared with clinical information, including apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), body mass index, and neck circumference using linear regression.Results: AHI increases with smaller retrolingual cross‐sectional airway (P = .0026) and increasing mandibular plane to hyoid distance (P = .0003) but not retropalatal airway or laryngeal descent. The posterior tongue is hypodense with higher fat content than other muscles of the head and neck.Conclusions: This study describes anatomic findings of the retrolingual airway in patients that correlate with OSA and can be measured on an upper airway CT. Patients with severe OSA (AHI ≥40) tend to have retrolingual airways less than 4% of the cross‐sectional area of the cervicomandibular ring. The retrolingual airspace is the major site of obstruction in severe OSA and should be carefully evaluated before surgical treatment is considered.
TheN1-(2′-deoxyribofuranoside) of 3-iodo-5-nitroindole: a universal nucleoside forming nitro–iodo interactions
Authors: Budow Simone , Leonard Peter , Eickmeier Henning , Reuter Hans , Seela Frank 
Published: February 2009

The title compound [systematic name: 1-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3-iodo-5-nitro-1H-indole], C13H13IN2O5, exhibits anantiglycosylic bond conformation with a χ torsion angle of −114.9 (3)°. The furanose moiety shows a twisted C2′-endosugar pucker (S-type), withP= 141.3° and τm = 40.3°. The orientation of the exocyclic C4′—C5′ bond is +ap(gauche,trans), with a γ torsion angle of 177.4 (2)°. The extended crystal structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonding and I...O contacts, as well as by stacking interactions. The O atoms of the nitro group act as acceptors, forming bifurcated hydrogen bonds within theacplane. Additionally, the iodo substituent forms an interplanar contact with an O atom of the nitro group, and another contact with the O atom of the 5′-hydroxy group of the sugar moiety within theacplane is observed. These contacts can be considered as the structure-determining factors for the molecular packing in the crystal structure.
X-ray powder diffraction and electron diffraction studies of the thortveitite-related L phase, (Zn,Mn)2V2O7
Authors: Knowles Kevin M. , Vickers Mary E. , Sil Anjan , Han Yung-Hoe , Jaffrenou Périne 
Published: February 2009

The phase designated γ-Zn3(VO4)2 reported as a minor second phase in zinc oxide-based varistor materials doped with vanadium oxide and manganese oxide is shown to be the L phase, (Zn1 − x
Mn
x
)2V2O7 (0.188 < x < 0.538), in the pseudo-binary Mn2V2O7–Zn2V2O7 system. Analysis of X-ray powder diffraction patterns and electron diffraction patterns of this phase shows that the previously published a, c and β values for this thortveitite-related phase are incorrect. Instead, Rietveld refinement of the X-ray powder pattern of the L phase shows that it has a monoclinic C lattice with Z = 6, with a = 10.3791 (1), b = 8.5557 (1), c = 9.3539 (1) Å and β = 98.467 (1)°. Although prior convergent-beam electron diffraction work of `γ-Zn3(VO4)2' confirmed the C Bravais lattice, the space group was found to be Cm rather than C2/m, the difference perhaps arising from the inability of the X-rays to detect small displacements of oxygen. Attempts to refine the structure in Cm did not produce improved R factors. The relationship between the crystal structure of the L phase and the high-temperature C2/m β′-Zn2V2O7 thortveitite-type solid solution is discussed.
Variable CD52 expression in mature T cell and NK cell malignancies: implications for alemtuzumab therapy
Authors: Jiang Liuyan , Yuan Constance M. , Hubacheck Julia , Janik John E. , Wilson Wyndham , Morris John C. , Jasper Gregory A. , Stetler‐Stevenson Maryalice 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe anti‐CD52 antibody alemtuzumab has been explored as a novel targeted therapy in T cell malignancies. To assess the suitability of alemtuzumab therapy, we carried out a comprehensive study of CD52 expression using flow cytometry (FC) in 78 untreated patients diagnosed with mature T/natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms, including 34 adult T cell leukaemia/lymphomas (ATLL), two anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL), three angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphomas (AITL), 16 cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL), four extra‐nodal T/NK cell lymphomas (ENT/NKCL), four hepatosplenic T cell lymphomas (HSTCL), 13 peripheral T cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS) and two T‐prolymphocytic leukaemia (T‐PLL). The level of CD52 expression was quantified using QuantiBRITE standard beads. The level of CD52 expression varied widely within each diagnostic category. All AITL, HSTCL and T‐PLL cases were CD52‐positive and the frequency of CD52 expression was high in PTCL‐NOS (92·3%), ATLL (94·1%) and CTCL (87·5%), implying a rational role for alemtuzumab in the treatment of these diseases; however, CD52 expression was low in ALCL (50%) and ENT/NKCL (25%). FC testing for cell surface expression of CD52 is indicated in patients with T/NK cell malignancies being considered for alemtuzumab therapy. Further studies are necessary to determine if the level of CD52 expression correlates with response to therapy.
Chondrocyte proliferation in a new culture system
Authors: Gomez‐Camarillo M. A.  , Almonte‐Becerril M.  , Vasquez Tort M.  , Tapia‐Ramirez J.  , Kouri Flores J. B.  
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective:  This study has aimed to study different culture systems that might stimulate an increase in cell proliferation of normal and osteoarthritis chondrocytes from articular cartilage in rat model.Material and Methods:  Three culture systems using chondrocytes embedded in alginate beads were tested: chondrocytes cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) as control, a co‐culture system consisting of a monolayer of de‐differentiated chondrocytes as a source of mitotic factors, and an enriched medium containing culture medium obtained from a monolayer of chondrocytes and DMEM. Normal and osteoarthritis chondrocytes were stained with 5‐carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester and were cultured in each of the three systems. After 5 days of culture cell, proliferation was detected by flow cytometry. Chondrocyte phenotype was confirmed by collagen type II and MMP‐3 expression. To determine possible molecules released into the medium by the cultured chondrocyte monolayer and which would probably be involved in cell proliferation, a study of mRNA and expression of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), fibroblastic growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet derived growth factor‐A (PDGF‐A) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) proteins was conducted.Results and Conclusions:  Chondrocytes in the co‐culture system or in enriched medium showed an increase in proliferation; only when osteoarthritis chondrocytes were cultured in enriched medium would they display a statistically significant increase in their proliferation rate and in their viability. When chondrocytes from the monolayer were analysed, differential mRNA expression of TGF‐β1 and IGF‐1 was found during all passages, which suggests that these two growth factors might be involved in chondrocyte proliferation.