bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remission of asthma: a prospective longitudinal study from northern Europe (RHINE study)
Authors: Holm M. , Omenaas E. , Gíslason T. , Svanes C. , Jögi R. , Norrman E. , Janson C. , Torén K. 
Published: March 2007

The aim of the present study was to investigate the remission rate of adult asthma in a general population sample in relation to age, sex, asthma symptoms, allergic rhinitis and smoking.A follow-up of the random population samples from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in Northern Europe was conducted from 1999–2001 on 1,153 individuals (aged 26–53 yrs) with reported asthma. Remission was defined as no asthmatic symptoms in two consecutive years and no current use of asthma medication. Remission rates per 1,000 person-yrs were calculated and Cox regression models, adjusting for confounders, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).An average remission rate of 20.2 per 1,000 person-yrs was found. There was no significant difference according to sex; the remission rates were 21.7 and 17.8 per 1,000 person-yrs in females and males, respectively. An increased remission rate was observed among subjects who quit smoking during the observation period. Subjects not reporting any asthma symptom at baseline had an increased remission rate. In the Cox regression model, ex-smoking (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.01–2.71) was associated with increased remission rate, and reporting any asthma symptom at baseline was associated with decreased remission rate (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.40–0.90).In conclusion, the present prospective longitudinal study showed that quitting smoking and the presence of mild disease appeared to favour remission.
Role of IRAK4 and IRF3 in the control of intracellular infection withChlamydia pneumoniae
Authors: Trumstedt Christian , Eriksson Emma , Lundberg Anna M , Yang Tang-bin , Yan Zhong-qun , Wigzell Hans , Rottenberg Martin E 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTLR signal transduction involves a MyD88-mediated pathway, which leads to recruitment of the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) and Toll/IL-1R translation initiation region domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β-mediated pathway, resulting in the activation of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3. Both pathways can lead to expression of IFN-β. TLR-dependent and -independent signals converge in the TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) adaptor, which mediates the activation of NF-κΒ. Infection of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) with Chlamydia pneumoniae induces IFN-α/β- and NF-κΒ-dependent expression of IFN-γ, which in turn, will control bacterial growth. The role of IRAK4 and IRF3 in the regulation of IFN-α/β expression and NF-κΒ activation was studied in C. pneumoniae-infected BMM. We found that levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ mRNA were reduced in infected IRAK4−/− BMM compared with wild-type (WT) controls. BMM also showed an IRAK4-dependent growth control of C. pneumoniae. No increased IRF3 activation was detected in C. pneumoniae-infected BMM. Similar numbers of intracellular bacteria, IFN-α, and IFN-γ mRNA titers were observed in C. pneumoniae-infected IRF3−/− BMM. On the contrary, IFN-β−/− BMM showed lower IFN-α and IFN-γ mRNA levels and higher bacterial titers compared with WT controls. C. pneumoniae infection-induced activation of NF-κΒ and expression of proinflammatory cytokines were shown to be TRAF6-dependent but did not require IRAK4 or IRF3. Thus, our data indicate that IRAK4, but not IRF3, controls C. pneumoniae-induced IFN-α and IFN-γ secretion and bacterial growth. IRAK4 and IRF3 are redundant for infection-induced NF-κB activation, which is regulated by TRAF6.
Cytokine Profiling in Human Colostrum and Milk by Protein Array
Authors: Kverka Miloslav , Burianova Jaroslava , Lodinova-Zadnikova Raja , Kocourkova Ingrid , Cinova Jana , Tuckova Ludmila , Tlaskalova-Hogenova Helena 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Background: Human colostrum and milk contain components that influence development. Our aim was to use a protein array to determine the cytokine profile of human lacteal secretions and changes that occur during the early postpartum period.
Methods: We collected 17 samples of colostrum during the first 2 days postpartum and a 2nd group of 5 sets of 2 to 3 sequential colostrum or milk samples (at 20- to 30-h intervals). We analyzed the samples with array membranes consisting of 42 or 79 antibodies directed against cytokines.
Results: In most samples, we detected the previously described cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8)/CXCL8, epidermal growth factor (EGF), growth-related oncoprotein (GRO)/CXCL1–3, angiogenin, transforming growth factor β-2, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2). In addition, we found 32 cytokines that have not been described before in colostrum. Cytokine concentrations differed among mothers, and the spectrum of cytokines changed with time after delivery. A significant decrease occurred in IL-12 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1δ/CCL15 and a significant increase in MCP-1/CCL2. The production of angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor, GRO/CXCL1–3, EGF, and IL-8/CXCL8 remained high throughout. The concentrations of 2 selected cytokines measured with the array technique and ELISA showed moderate to strong correlation (r = 0.63 for EGF and r = 0.84 for IL-8/CXCL8).
Conclusion: Despite the lack of precise quantification, the protein array might be suitable for cytokine screening. It allows simultaneous detection of a broad spectrum of cytokines (including those not described before) in lacteal secretions.
Comparison of 11 Human Insulin Assays: Implications for Clinical Investigation and Research
Authors: Manley Susan E , Stratton Irene M , Clark Penelope M , Luzio Stephen D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Background: The American Diabetes Association task force on standardization of insulin assays in 1996 showed wide variation in assay bias. Newer assays are specific for insulin, with several now available on automated immunoassay analyzers.
Methods: In 2004, we compared 11 commercially available insulin assays by analyzing 150 serum samples (99 fasting/51 postprandial) from study participants with various degrees of glucose intolerance (exclusions being type 1 diabetes, insulin treatment, or presence of insulin antibodies). All assays were calibrated against International Reference Preparation 66/304. One assay was not specific for insulin and another was an RIA; 10 assays used enzyme/chemiluminescent labels. Bland–Altman difference plots were modified to use the mean insulin from all assays on the x-axis as a common comparator.
Results: As in the 1996 study, insulin values from the different assays varied by a factor of 2, with the nonspecific assay ranking in the middle of the distribution. Spearman rank correlation coefficients, for ranking samples vs the mean, were 0.983–0.997. Both offsets and concentration-dependent differences were seen in the modified difference plots. Imprecision (mean CV) for automated assays (3%) was not significantly different from manual assays (5%). Similar values were obtained when one automated assay was run in laboratories in both the UK and the US. Results of 1 assay showed lower insulin concentrations in heparinized plasma than in serum.
Conclusions: Assay performance must be considered before comparing insulin results. The 2-fold variation in insulin results may be related to specificity, manufacturers’ calibration procedures or conversion factors.
Die Vertreibung der Kultur aus der Sprache. 13 Reflexionen zu einem reflexionsresistenten Thema / Banishing culture from language
Authors: Ehlich Konrad 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The relationship between language studies and cultural studies to one another is of a highly problematic character – if there is any such interrelationship at all. At first sight, such a situation may appear strange but a closer look reveals that there are deeply rooted reasons for this reciprocal indifference, reasons that are quite complex in nature. The paper has the intention to clarify some of them, in the hope that it may contribute to a more complex and, thus, a more adequate theoretical framework from which insight into language and insight into culture might ensue.
Language, culture and cognition: The view from space /Sprache, Kultur und Kognition: Die Betrachtung vom Raum
Authors: Brown Penelope 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper addresses the vexed questions of how language relates to culture, and what kind of notion of culture is important for linguistic explanation. I first sketch five perspectives - five different construals - of culture apparent in linguistics and in cognitive science more generally. These are: (i) culture as ethno-linguistic group, (ii) culture as a mental module, (iii) culture as knowledge, (iv) culture as context, and (v) culture as a process emergent in interaction. I then present my own work on spatial language and cognition in a Mayan languge and culture, to explain why I believe a concept of culture is important for linguistics. I argue for a core role for cultural explanation in two domains: in analysing the semantics of words embedded in cultural practices which color their meanings (in this case, spatial frames of reference), and in characterizing thematic and functional links across different domains in the social and semiotic life of a particular group of people.
Völkerkunde und Linguistik – Ein Plädoyer für interdisziplinäre Kooperation / Ethnology and linguistis – a plea for interdisciplinary cooperation
Authors: Senft Gunter 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Starting with Hockett's famous statement on the relationship between linguistics and anthropology – “Linguistics without anthropology is sterile; anthropology without linguistics is blind” – this paper first discusses the historic perspective of the topic. This discussion starts with Herder, Humboldt and Schleiermacher and ends with the present debate on the interrelationship of anthropology and linguistics. Then some excellent examples of interdisciplinary projects within anthropological linguistics (or linguistic anthropology) are presented. And finally it is illustrated why Hockett is still right.
Sprachgeschichte und Kulturgeschichte: Frühneuzeitliche Graphien als Indikatoren konfessioneller Positionierung / Language history and cultural history: Early Modern writings as indicators of denominational positioning
Authors: Macha Jürgen 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The article is divided into two parts. In an overview, selected theories are reviewed that have discussed the connection between language history and cultural history in a general perspective. This review of the ‘major lines’ is followed by the presentation of another research approach in the second part of this article. I think it would be useful to investigate the interaction of language and culture in small steps – applied to the age of ‘Konfessionalisierung’. The thesis is: Confessional orientation leads to typical language choices. As can be learned from several recent approaches, an interesting interaction between the use of certain spellings and confessionally imprinted culture can be noticed in Early Modern Times.
Indeterminiertheit, Valenzvariation und Verbbedeutung vom Gesichtspunkt der funktionellen Syntax / Indeterminateness, valency variation and verb meaning from a functional syntax perspective
Authors: Willems Klaas 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper deals with the problem of how inherent verb meanings are to be assessed in a synchronic theory of verb valency, given that verbs usually occur in different syntactic patterns and display considerable semantic variation. Moreover, in a recent paper, Fischer (2003) claims that valency is essentially “indeterminate”, because the way verbs build up constructions is subject to various interpretations by different speakers. In the present paper, the variability problem is approached from the point of view of “functional syntax”, a non-generative and non-cognitive theory of grammar developed by Eugenio Coseriu. The paper focuses on the question whether indeterminacy not only holds for valency, but for verb meanings as well. The empirical account is based on a case study of a set of sentences in which the German verb graben occurs in various instantiations, including transparent complex verbal phrases with idiomatic prepositions and metaphorical uses. To adopt the functional approach advanced by Coseriu implies a commitment to account for variability at the level of valency by assuming an invariant general meaning to the verb that licenses all productive occurrences.
„Auf alles gefasst sein: Ausnahmen in der Grammatik“. Bericht über eine Arbeitsgruppe auf der 27. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sprachwissenschaft (DGfS) in Köln, 23.–25.2.2005 / “Ready for anything: Exceptions in grammar”. Report on a working group at the 27th conference of the German Linguistic Society in Cologne, 23–25 February 2005
Authors: Vogel Ralf 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eine Arbeitsgruppe zu dem für LinguistInnen allgegenwärtigen Problem der „Ausnahmen in der Grammatik“ organisierten Horst Simon und Heike Wiese (Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) für die Jahrestagung 2005 der DGfS. Der überaus gelungene Workshop brachte GrammatiktheoretikerInnen aus unterschiedlichen linguistischen Teilgebieten und grammatischen Schulen zusammen, und vermittelte so einen recht perspektivenreichen Blick auf das Problem grammatischer Ausnahmen.
Spawning Distribution of Sockeye Salmon in a Glacially Influenced Watershed: The Importance of Glacial Habitats
Authors: Young Daniel B. , Woody Carol Ann 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe spawning distribution of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka was compared between clear and glacially turbid habitats in Lake Clark, Alaska, with the use of radiotelemetry. Tracking of 241 adult sockeye salmon to 27 spawning locations revealed both essential habitats and the relationship between spawn timing and seasonal turbidity cycles. Sixty‐six percent of radio‐tagged sockeye salmon spawned in turbid waters (≥5 nephelometric turbidity units) where visual observation was difficult. Spawning in turbid habitats coincided with seasonal temperature declines and associated declines in turbidity and suspended sediment concentration. Because spawn timing is heritable and influenced by temperature, the observed behavior suggests an adaptive response to glacier‐fed habitats, as it would reduce embryonic exposure to the adverse effects of fine sediments.
Genetic Relationships among Populations of the Senegalese Sole Solea senegalensis in the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula Detected by Mitochondrial DNA–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
Authors: Díaz‐Ferguson Edgardo , Cross Ismael , Del Barrios Maria Mar , Rebordinos Laureana 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe assessed the population structure of the Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis in the southern Atlantic off the coast of the Iberian peninsula using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of three mitochondrial gene regions: 16S rRNA (620 base pairs [bp]), 12S rRNA (440 bp), and cytochrome b (380 bp). Fourteen composite haplotypes were detected among 109 adult fish from five natural populations. Haplotypic diversity values ranged between 0% and 18%, with the highest values in the Lisbon and Valdelagrana populations. A single composite haplotype predominated in most collections; two other haplotypes also occurred at low frequencies in three of the analyzed populations. The remaining 11 haplotyes were found only in single populations. A genetic differentiation index revealed significant differentiation between two groups (Lisbon and the other populations). However, from a conservative management perspective and based on the topology of the neighbor‐joining consensus tree and bootstrap values (54–88), the possibility of three groups (Lisbon, Portimao, and the other populations) should be considered.
The Hybrid SoleInopsetta ischyra(Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae): Hybrid or Biological Species?
Authors: Garrett Daniel L. , Pietsch Theodore W. , Utter Fred M. , Hauser Lorenz 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSince it was first described as a biological species by Jordan and Gilbert in 1880,Inopsetta ischyrahas been a disputed taxonomic unit, generally regarded in recent decades as an intergeneric hybrid between English soleParophrys vetulusand starry flounderPlatichthys stellatus, both of which are common in coastal waters of the eastern North Pacific. Here, we investigate this suspected hybridization with molecular genetic and morphological data. Genotyping at four diagnostic allozyme loci clearly demonstrates thatI. ischyrais an intergeneric hybrid between English sole and starry flounder; one individual was homozygous at one locus and may have been a backcross with starry flounder. Diagnostic restriction fragment length polymorphisms of a 464‐base‐pair region of the cytochromebgene revealed symmetric, two‐way directionality of hybridization in which 50% of maternities are assigned to each of the parental species. Principal components analysis of meristic characters demonstrated thatI. ischyrais an intermediate between the parental species. Based on the low frequency of hybrids and the rarity of backcrosses, these natural hybridization events do not appear to be ecologically or evolutionarily significant.
Habitat‐Specific Growth in Juvenile Pinfish
Authors: Shervette Virginia R. , Gelwick Frances 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUnderstanding how certain fish species utilize estuarine habitats is critical for future conservation and management efforts. Habitats with various types of structure, including seagrass, marsh, oyster reef, and nonvegetated bottom, provide transient juvenile fishes with food and refuge from predation. Relative growth rates and survival of species like the pinfish Lagodon rhomboides should depend on the distribution and relative abundance of such habitats within and among bay systems. In many bays, marsh makes up a larger proportion of habitat area than the more often‐studied seagrass, but habitat‐specific comparisons of fish growth have rarely included marsh. Using field enclosures, we compared relative growth of juvenile pinfish in marsh, oyster, and nonvegetated bottom habitats in Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Mississippi. Mean growth rates of pinfish juveniles in two summer experiments were 0.39, 0.20, and 0.04 mm/d in marsh, oyster, and nonvegetated bottom habitats, respectively. Growth in marsh habitat was significantly higher than growth in oyster and nonvegetated bottom habitats and was consistent across the two summers of our experiments. From available literature, juvenile pinfish densities are consistently higher in vegetated habitats (marsh and seagrass) than in nonvegetated habitats. Our results indicate that marsh habitat may also provide better foraging options for juvenile pinfish. When combined with evidence from other studies, our results suggest that marsh habitat provides a critical nursery function for juvenile pinfish, especially in estuaries such as Grand Bay, where seagrass habitat is limited.
A Comparison of Composite Habitat Suitability Indices and Generalized Additive Models of Invertebrate Abundance and Fish Presence–Habitat Availability
Authors: Jowett Ian G. , Davey Andrew J. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGeneralized additive models (GAMs) offer an alternative approach to developing habitat suitability functions; these models may resolve some of the criticisms that have been made of conventional habitat suitability criteria and the associated composite suitability index (CSI). The potential advantages of GAMs include the ability to (1) account for correlation among habitat variables, (2) include interactions among variables, (3) make quantitative predictions of abundance or probability of occurrence at given flows, and (4) identify sharp thresholds in habitat selection. We developed CSIs and GAMs for two data sets—abundance of benthic invertebrates (mayflies Deleatidium spp. and caddisflies Aoteapsyche spp.) and habitat selection of large brown trout Salmo trutta and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss—and applied them in an instream habitat analysis. The GAMs performed only slightly better than CSIs. The GAMs for two of the four taxa examined (Deleatidium and brown trout) had strong negative velocity–depth interaction terms, although their inclusion improved the model fit only marginally. The main effect of negative velocity–depth interaction terms was to constrain model predictions in deep, fast‐flowing water, and these GAMs gave more realistic results when applied to conditions beyond those from which they were developed (i.e., larger rivers or higher flows). The GAMs hold a number of potential advantages over conventional CSIs and offer an opportunity to develop more defensible habitat suitability models; ultimately, however, the performance of any model will be limited by the quality of the calibration data.
Jackup Mobilization in Hazardous Soils
Authors: Kostelnik Andre , Guerra Mike , Alford Jake , Vazquez Jose , Zhong Jack 
Published: March 2007

Summary
This paper presents two case histories of jackup rig mobilizations to locations identified as high risk for uncontrolled leg penetration or punchthrough. The punchthrough risk is defined through an overview of the soil analysis work completed for each location. The effectiveness of remedial operations, known as "swiss cheese" drilling, in mitigating the punchthrough risk for the subsequent jackup mobilizations is reviewed. It is concluded that "swiss cheese" drilling can be effective in reducing punchthrough risk. Advance planning is important, and recommendations are provided to assist in effective punchthrough mitigation.
Expandable Tubular Completions for Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Marketz F. , Welling R. W. F. , van Noort R. H. J. , Baaijens M. N. 
Published: March 2007

Summary
A major Middle East operator has applied expandable tubular solutions for water shutoff and zonal isolation in fractured carbonate reservoirs. In this paper, we review the operator's experience with the implementation of this emerging well technology. Expandable tubular solutions have proven successful in terms of installation reliability, isolation of fractures, and zonal isolation without cement to segment horizontal wells.
Case histories highlight the benefits, risks, and performance of expandable tubular completions. Post-installation production performance proves the viability of mechanical inflow profile control for better management of unwanted production of water in fractured carbonate reservoirs.