bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial of hepatectomy using intermittent pedicle occlusion with ischaemic intervals of 15 versus 30 minutes
Authors: Esaki M , Sano T , Shimada K , Sakamoto Y , Takahashi Y , Wakai K , Kosuge T 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
The optimal ischaemic interval during hepatectomy with intermittent pedicle occlusion (IPO) remains to be established. The aim of the present randomized clinical trial was to compare the short-term outcome of hepatectomy using IPO with an ischaemic interval of 15 versus 30 min.

Methods
Between October 2002 and September 2004, 108 consecutive patients scheduled to undergo hepatectomy without bilioenterostomy were enrolled. During liver transection, IPO was performed with an ischaemic interval of either 15 min with 5 min of reperfusion (standard group, SG) or 30 min with 5 min of reperfusion (prolonged group, PG). After randomization and subsequent exclusion of certain patients, 44 patients in the SG and 48 in the PG were analysed.

Results
The mean(s.d.) bilirubin ratio (serum total bilirubin level on day 2 after operation divided by the preoperative level) was 1·6(0·8) in the SG and 1·7(0·8) in the PG (P = 0·874). The transection area per unit transection time was significantly greater in the latter group (median (range) 1·0 (0·4–2·1) versus 0·8 (0·0–1·5) cm2/min; P = 0·046).

Conclusion
There was no difference in the bilirubin ratio when IPO was carried out for 30 or 15 min. By extension of IPO to 30 min, a greater resection area per unit time was possible with preservation of remnant liver function.
Chemical Radiation Studies of 8‐Bromo‐2′‐deoxyinosine and 8‐Bromoinosine in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Russo Marialuisa , Jimenez Liliana B. , Mulazzani Quinto G. , D'Angelantonio Mila , Guerra Maurizio , Miranda Miguel A. , Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe reactions of hydrated electrons (eaq−) with 8‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyinosine (8) and 8‐bromoinosine (12) have been investigated by radiolytic methods coupled with product studies and have been addressed computationally by means of BB1K‐HMDFT calculations. Pulse radiolysis revealed that one‐electron reductive cleavage of the CBr bond gives the C8 radical 9 or 13 followed by a fast radical translocation to the sugar moiety. Selective generation of a C5′ radical occurs in the 2′‐deoxyribo derivative, whereas in the ribo analogue the reaction is partitioned between the C5′ and C2′ positions with similar rates. Both C5′ radicals undergo cyclizations, 10→11 and 14→15, with rate constants of 1.4×105 and of 1.3×104 s−1, respectively. The redox properties of radicals 10 and 11 have also been investigated. A synthetically useful photoreaction has also been developed as a one‐pot procedure that allows the conversion of 8 to 5′,8‐cyclo‐2′‐deoxyinosine in a high yield and a diastereoisomeric ratio (5′R)/(5′S) of 4:1. The present results are compared with data previously obtained for 8‐bromoadenine and 8‐bromoguanine nucleosides. Theory suggests that the behavior of 8‐bromopurine derivatives with respect to solvated electrons can be attributed to differences in the energy gap between the π*‐ and σ*‐radical anions.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Photoluminescence Properties of Two 2D Coordination Polymer Compounds with Drug Ligand Enoxacin
Authors: Yu Liang‐Cai , Chen Zhen‐Feng , Tan Ming‐Xiong , Liang Hong , Zhou Chun‐Shan , Zhang Yong 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTwo new 2D coordination polymers of [M(Enox)2]·C2H5OH (MZn, 1 and Co, 2; HEnox=1,4‐dihydro‐ 1‐ethyl‐6‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐7‐piperazine‐1,8‐naphtyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses showed that 1 and 2 are isostructural. The Zn(II) in 1 and Co(II) ions in 2 are six‐coordinated in an octahedral environment with an equatorial plane composed of four oxygen atoms:two of them from the 4‐oxo and the other two from 3‐carboxylate of two coordinated Enox ligands, forming a stable six‐membered chelating ring with the apical positions occupied by two N atoms of the piperazinyl rings. Thus, the molecules were self‐assembled into a 2D neutral square grid with cavity dimensions of 1.3399 nm×1.3399 nm for 1 and 1.3389 nm×1.3389 nm for 2, respectively. Compound 1 emits strong blue fluorescence on irradiation by UV light in the solid state at room temperature.
Semi‐synthesis of Several Stigmasterol Saponins
Authors: Li Chun‐Xia , Guo Tian‐Tian , Wang Peng , Guan Hua‐Shi , Li Ying‐Xia 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSeveral stigamasterol saponins were concisely synthesized. Namely, four monosaccharide (glucopyranose, galactopyranose, xylopyranose, 2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐α‐D‐glucopyranose), lactopyranose and chacotriose were coupled with 3‐OH of stigmasterol. All the compounds were identified by NMR, IR and high resolusion MS.
Adsorption, Diffusion and Thermal Desorption Features of Cyclopentane and Cyclohexane in Silicalite‐1
Authors: Duan Lin‐Hai , Song Li‐Juan , Zhang Xiao‐Tong , Tang Ke , Dai Zhen‐Hua , Sun Zhao‐Lin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAdsorption, diffusion and thermal desorption features of cyclopentane and cyclohexane in silicalite‐1 have been investigated using the intelligent gravimetric technique. Both the saturation adsorption loadings and diffusion coefficient of cyclopentane were greater than those of cyclohexane. The diffusivity of cyclopentane was about one order of magnitude greater than that of cyclohexane at the same temperature and initial loading. For cyclopentane, there was only one kind of desorption process at adsorption loadings lower than 4 muc (molecule per unit cell), but two desorption processes appeared at the adsorption loadings higher than 4 muc. While for cyclohexane, one desorption process was found in the whole range of loadings. Both thermal desorption peaks of cyclopentane and cyclohexane moved to higher temperature region with increasing loading.
NKp30 is a functional activation receptor on a subset of rat natural killer cells
Authors: Hsieh Christine L. , Nagasaki Kazuhito , Martinez Olivia M. , Krams Sheri M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNKp30 is a stimulatory receptor on human NK cells implicated in tumor immunity, and is capable of promoting or terminating dendritic cell maturation. To gain a better understanding of NKp30 biology, we have investigated the expression and function of rat NKp30 (rNKp30). We generated stable transfectants of rNKp30 in RNK16 cells, a rat NK lymphoma line, and used a novel panel of mAb against rNKp30 to study this receptor. Using agonistic rNKp30 mAb, we demonstrated that rNKp30 mediates robust IFN‐γ production and cytolytic responses from rNKp30‐transfected RNK16 cells. We determined by flow cytometry that rNKp30 is expressed by a subset of primary NK cells isolated from the blood and spleen, and to a lesser extent also on liver NK cells. Stimulation of rNKp30 on primary NK cells led to IFN‐γ production. Liver NK cells expressed low levels of NKp30 and had reduced rNKp30‐mediated IFN‐γ responses. During an alloimmune response in vivo, the proportion of the rNKp30+ NK cell subset in the peripheral blood significantly increased, suggesting that rNKp30 may play an important role during alloactivation. Thus, our data demonstrate that NKp30 is indeed expressed in rodents and is a functional stimulatory receptor in a subset of rat NK cells.
Beyond stratigraphic noise: Unraveling the evolution of stratified assemblages in faunalturbated sites
Authors: Morin Eugène 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study explores the stratigraphic evolution of archaeological assemblages in faunalturbated sites. These sites are sometimes described as having limited archaeological value because of varying degrees of occupation mixing. It is argued here that the vertical distribution of assemblages is predictable in faunalturbated contexts. Understanding this vertical evolution may lead to a better assessment of the archaeological potential of a cultural sequence.In faunalturbated soils, the stratigraphic evolution of the assemblages is largely dictated by faunal activity. Tunneling by small animals tend to “sink” cultural remains through the deposits. Although objects sink at a relatively fast pace near the surface, the process slows down as the objects reach the bottom of the biomantle where the sediments are more compact. This process affects the shape of the artifact vertical distribution. The analysis of a multicomponent site from southern Québec is used to model how assemblages may evolve temporally in faunalturbated settings. At Station 3‐avant, the stratigraphic distribution of the cultural remains appears to evolve from an upward‐skewed distribution to a bottom‐skewed distribution through time. This evolution is interpreted to result from the fact that objects are often too large and/or heavy to be moved upward by the pedofauna. In situations in which this stage of stratigraphic evolution is not yet reached, enough information about temporal successions may be retained for the site to be useful for investigating diachronic change. This may prove invaluable in regions in which faunalturbated sequences are common. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Colorectal cancer and genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1: A case‐control study in the Grampian region of Scotland
Authors: Little Julian , Sharp Linda , Masson Lindsey F. , Brockton Nigel T. , Cotton Seonaidh C. , Haites Neva E. , Cassidy Jim 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCytochrome P‐450 CYP1A1 is involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are derived from meat intake and tobacco smoking. Expression of the CYP1A1 gene is induced by compounds present in cruciferous vegetables. The glutathione S‐transferases play a central role in the detoxification of carcinogens, including PAHs. We investigated the association between colorectal cancer and three variants (CYP1A1*2A, CYP1A1*2C, CYP1A1*4) of the CYP1A1 gene, and homozygosity for the null deletion of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, and the joint effects of these genotypes and smoking, meat intake and intake of green leafy vegetables in a population‐based study of 264 cases and 408 controls in Northeast Scotland. There was an inverse association with the CYP1A1*4 (m4) variant (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.13–0.70). The OR for the CYP1A1*2C (m2) variant was 1.3 (95% CI 0.59–2.91), which is similar to a combined estimate for previous studies (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.95–1.41). We observed no association with the CYP1A1*2A (m1) variant, or the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. Significant interactions between all 3 CYP1A1 variants and meat intake, and between the m1 and m2 variants and intake of green leafy vegetables, were observed. There was no evidence of interaction between CYP1A1 and smoking, and no evidence of interaction between the GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphisms and smoking, meat intake, green leafy vegetable intake, CYP1A1 variants or each other. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The mechanism of exogenous B7.1‐enhanced IL‐12‐mediated complete regression of tumors by a single electroporation delivery
Authors: Liu Jianguo , Xia Xueqing , Torrero Marina , Barrett Robin , Shillitoe Edward J , Li Shulin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractElectroporation‐based mono‐gene therapy has received great interest in recent years but coadministration of different therapeutic genes for treatment of tumors has not been well explored. We hypothesize that electroporation is capable of delivering multiple genes that induce an additive or synergistic antitumor effect. To test this hypothesis, we used mice that were bearing SCCVII or TRAMP tumors. Established tumors with a diameter of 4–5 mm were injected with control plasmid DNA or plasmid DNA encoding B7.1, IL‐12 or both via electroporation. Tumor regression, CTL activity and the level of B7.1, IL‐12 and Stat1 expression were determined in both wild‐type mice and in mice with a knock‐out of the Stat1 gene. Remarkably, a single coadministration of the plasmids that encoded IL‐12 and B7.1 eradicated tumors in 80% of mice. The therapeutic effect was associated with high levels of endogenous B7.1 expression, activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes, and activation of Stat1. Both exogenous B7.1 and IL‐12 were required for inducing a high level of Stat1 activation in tumors, which occurred through a mechanism that was independent of the host Stat1. Both stimulators were also required for inducing the strong cytotoxic lymphocyte activity and for increasing the level and extending the duration of endogenous B7.1 expression. We therefore propose a 2‐signal stimulation model to explain the synergistic effect of the coadministration of IL‐12 and B7.1 on the regression of the tumors. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of blood coagulation components as intermediators of high osteoconductivity of electrically polarized hydroxyapatite
Authors: Nakamura Miho , Sekijima Yasutaka , Nakamura Satoshi , Kobayashi Takayuki , Niwa Kazuki , Yamashita Kimihiro 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe immediate interactions of an implanted hydroxyapatite (HA) surface and blood coagulation components were detected in vivo, and the mechanism of the enhanced osteoconductivity caused by electrical polarization was discussed. Fibrin was presented as being a key protein in the early stages of osteoconduction. Scanning electron microscope observation and immunohistochemical detection indicated that fibrin adsorption is accelerated on negatively charged surfaces (N‐surfaces) and on positively charged surfaces (P‐surfaces) of implanted polarized HA. The acceleration of fibrin adsorption is caused by the ionic and pH changes near the N‐ and P‐surfaces by the attraction of calcium ions. The adsorbed fibrin formed a network scaffold for subsequent cell components, such as platelets and osseous cells. Near the N‐surface, the higher concentration of calcium ions than that on the conventional nonpolarized surface (O‐surface) and P‐surface contributed to the adhesion of the platelets to the fibrin through integrin αIIbβ3 and platelet activation. The activated platelets release a variety of growth factors that stimulate the osseous cells. These continuous reactions from the action of the fibrin adsorption as a trigger induced the early osteoconduction near the N‐surface. The coagulation components played an important role at an early stage of the osteoconductive mechanism. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
The mathematical model of insulin desorption from the bioactive, fibrous artificial store
Authors: Medovic Adela , Skundric Petar , Kostic Mirjana , Pajic‐Lijakovic Ivana 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to study insulin desorption from fibrous insulin artificial storein vitroas well asin vivo, with the intention to define a mathematical model that would describe this process. Release profile of cylindrical fibrous matrixes for various insulin concentrations, desorption temperatures, time periods, and pH were presented. Change of insulin concentration in the fibers and the effect of insulin release were discussed. This model was also used to predict the optimal conditions of the release process. Possibility of predicting the effect of the fibrous store design parameters (fibre radius, amount of bonded insulin, fiber type) on the resulting insulin release rate was the major advantage of this mathematical model. Also, taking all the relevant conditions regarding these experiments into consideration, by the application of mathematical model, the diffusion coefficient during insulin release was determined. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Evaluating contrast kinetics by acquiring 2D images during 3D contrast‐enhanced MR angiography
Authors: Al‐Kwifi Osama , Farb Richard , Stainsby Jeffrey , Wright Graham A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurposeTo monitor contrast kinetics by acquiring multiple 2D images during 3D contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE MRA).Materials and MethodsA 2D real‐time autotriggering tool was integrated into a 3D sequence, enabling it to run multiple times during 3D acquisition. Several dummy scans were applied after each transition to maintain the steady state condition of both sequences. The number of the acquired 2D images and their distribution can be adjusted. Each 2D image was saved along with its associated timing. Contrast signal variations over time were plotted, reflecting selective signal measurement over an artery and vein from the saved 2D images.ResultsDifferent contrast kinetics timings were calculated from the resulting plot. Contrast arrival time to the internal cerebral artery was 13.2 ± 1.2 seconds and the peak arterial to peak venous (at the confluence of sinuses) enhancement was 6.7 ± 0.6 seconds. The observed timing could be used for 3D sequence optimization; the saved 2D images are useful in detecting and characterizing vascular abnormalities.ConclusionIntegrating 2D and 3D sequences into one sequence to monitor contrast kinetics through the neurovasculature is feasible without the need for extra injections or reduced spatial resolution. The technique can also be used in different parts of the body to extract useful clinical information. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BACE1 interacts with lipid raft proteins
Authors: Hattori Chinatsu , Asai Masashi , Onishi Hayato , Sasagawa Noboru , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Saido Takaomi C. , Maruyama Kei , Mizutani Shigehiko , Ishiura Shoichi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of amyloid plaques in the brain. Amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) is the major constituent of the plaques and is generated by proteolytic cleavages of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β‐ and γ‐secretases. Growing evidence shows that lipid rafts are critically involved in regulating the Aβ generation. In support of this, APP, Aβ, and presenilins have been found in lipid rafts. Although cholesterol plays a crucial role in maintaining lipid rafts, functions of other components in the generation of Aβ are unknown. Caveolins (CAVs) and flotillins (FLOTs) are principal proteins related to lipid rafts and have been suggested to be involved in APP processing. Here, we report that FLOT‐1 binds to BACE1 (beta‐site APP cleaving enzyme 1) and that overexpression of CAV‐1 or FLOT‐1 results in recruiting BACE1 into lipid rafts and influence on β‐secretase activity in cultured cells. Our results show that both CAV‐1 and FLOT‐1 may modulate β‐secretase activity by interacting with BACE1. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Climatic and oceanic associations with daily rainfall extremes over Southern Africa
Authors: Williams C. J. R. , Kniveton D. R. , Layberry R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChanges in climate variability and, in particular, changes in extreme climate events are likely to be of far more significance for environmentally vulnerable regions than changes in the mean state. It is generally accepted that sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) play an important role in modulating rainfall variability. Consequently, SSTs can be prescribed in global and regional climate modelling in order to study the physical mechanisms behind rainfall and its extremes. Using a satellite‐based daily rainfall historical data set, this paper describes the main patterns of rainfall variability over southern Africa, identifies the dates when extreme rainfall occurs within these patterns, and shows the effect of resolution in trying to identify the location and intensity of SST anomalies associated with these extremes in the Atlantic and southwest Indian Ocean. Derived from a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the results also suggest that, for the spatial pattern accounting for the highest amount of variability, extremes extracted at a higher spatial resolution do give a clearer indication regarding the location and intensity of anomalous SST regions. As the amount of variability explained by each spatial pattern defined by the PCA decreases, it would appear that extremes extracted at a lower resolution give a clearer indication of anomalous SST regions. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
Acidified sodium chlorite as an alternative to chlorine to control microbial growth on shredded carrots while maintaining quality
Authors: Ruiz Cruz Saúl , Luo Yaguang , Gonzalez Rolando J , Tao Yang , González Gustavo A 
Published: July 2006

AbstractShredded carrots are particularly susceptible to microbial growth and quality deterioration as a result of a large cut surface area to mass ratio. Acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) in the concentration range 500–1200 µL L−1 has been shown to have stronger efficacy against pathogens and spoilage bacteria than chlorine and does not form carcinogenic products. However, ASC in this concentration range aggravates tissue damage. The objective of this study was to optimize ASC treatment parameters to balance antimicrobial activity with quality retention of shredded carrots. Shredded carrots were immersed for either 1 min in 100, 250 or 500 µL L−1 ASC solutions or 2 min in 200 µL L−1 chlorine or water (control). Treated samples were spin‐dried and packaged in polypropylene bags and stored at 5 °C for up to 21 days. Carrots were evaluated at 7‐day intervals for visual appearance, package atmosphere composition (O2 and CO2), product firmness, tissue electrolyte leakage and pH. The microbial growth, including total aerobic bacterial counts, total coliforms/Escherichia coli, yeast and mold counts and lactic acid bacterial counts on the products was also determined. Treatments with all concentrations of ASC reduced the aerobic bacterial counts, coliform/E. coli counts, yeast mold and counts and lactic acid bacterial populations by 1.2–2.0 log cfu g−1 when compared with the water‐washed and unwashed samples. During storage, unwashed samples had a sharp increase in lactic acid bacterial populations accompanied by a sharp decline in pH readings and rapid loss in firmness and tissue integrity; samples washed with 100 µL L−1 ASC maintained the best overall visual quality, accompanied by the retention of tissue integrity and firmness. Therefore, 100 µL L−1 was determined as the optimum concentration of ASC for maintaining overall quality and firmness, inhibiting microbial growth and prolonging the shelf‐life of shredded carrots. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Cattle treading effects on plant growth and soil stability in the mountain grassland of Japan
Authors: Pande T. N. , Yamamoto H. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractExperiments were conducted in two types of Japanese mountain pastures to quantify the effects of cattle treading on plant growth, and on soil loss with runoff water. Duplicate plots (10 m × 10 m) were trodden with zero, three, or six cows of approximately 300 kg body weight for 15 minutes on moderately‐sloping and steep pastures on 8 July and 27 September, 2003. A similar treatment was repeated on the steep pasture only on 14 June and 30 September 2004. Measurements included herbage growth, tiller density, soil loss in runoff water, hydraulic conductivity, soil hardness and soil surface roughness.Trampling damage to pasture resulted in a significant decrease in herbage growth, greater soil loss with runoff water, decreased hydraulic conductivity, and increased soil hardness and soil surface runoff. The reduction in the herbage growth rate was mainly due to decreased tiller density. Increased soil loss with runoff water mainly resulted from soil disturbance caused by the animals' hooves. There was a strong negative relationship between tiller density and soil surface roughness. The effect of treading on plants and soils increased with treading intensity. Moderately‐sloping pasture was less seriously affected than steep pastures for soil loss, indicating that steep terrains are more susceptible to treading impacts. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.