bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Nanoscale Carbon Fibers with Superior Mechanical Strength
Authors: Liu Jie , Yue Zhongren , Fong Hao 
Published: February 2009

AbstractContinuous nanoscale carbon fibers can be developed by stabilization and carbonization of highly aligned and extensively stretched electrospun polyacrylonitrile copolymer nanofiber precursor under optimal tension. These carbon fibers, with diameters of tens of nanometers, are expected to possess a superior mechanical strength that is unlikely to be achieved through conventional approaches. This is because i) the innovative precursor, with a fiber diameter approximately 100 times smaller than that of conventional counterparts, possesses an extremely high degree of macromolecular orientation and a significantly reduced amount of structural imperfections, and ii) the ultrasmall fiber diameter also effectively prevents the formation of structural inhomogeneity, particularly sheath/core structures during stabilization and carbonization.
Schrägseilbrücke für Straßenbahn‐, Geh‐ und Radverkehr
Authors: Busler Hubert , Mayr Günter 
Published: February 2009

AbstractZur Anbindung des neuen Stadtquartiers “Parkstadt Schwabing” im Norden Münchens erfolgt die Erschließung mit einer neuen Straßenbahnlinie, der Linie 23. Für die Querung des Mittleren Rings an der Schenkendorfstraße wird ein neues Brückenbauwerk erforderlich. Die außergewöhnliche Brückenkonstruktion in unmittelbarem Zusammenhang mit der Glaseinhausung des Petueltunnels gehört in München zu den spektakulärsten Kreuzungssituationen im innerstädtischen Bereich. Gleichzeitig wird mit diesem Bauwerk ein Tor zur Stadt geschaffen und mit dem geneigten Tragmast und den Tragseilen eine Assoziation zum 2 km weiter westlich gelegenen, wichtigsten architektonischen Wahrzeichen Münchens, dem Olympiadach, hergestellt (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Zur Entwicklung der Steifigkeitsmatrizen für dünnwandige Stäbe
Authors: Cywiński Zbigniew 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag gibt Einblick in die frühe Entwicklung der Elemente‐Steifigkeitsmatrizen für dünnwandige Stäbe; ihre ausgereiftesten Formen werden im Folgenden vorgestellt. Diese Formen, die allgemeinste und die später für zwei besondere Fälle reduzierten, beziehen sich auf die klassische Theorie der dünnwandigen Stäbe von Wlassow [1] sowie auch auf die Bornscheuer sche Systematik der betreffenden Querschnittskenngrößen [2]. Entsprechende Modifikationen der zuständigen Matrizen werden vollzogen und ihre Abhängigkeit von der Orientierung des Bezugssystems dargelegt (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genius loci des Stahlbaus: Mainz, Gustavsburg und der Deutsche Stahlbautag 2008
Authors: Kurrer Karl‐Eugen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGenius loci bedeutet: der an einem Ort herrschende Geist. Für den Stahlbau sind Mainz und Gustavsburg ein solcher Ort. Da sind die fünf stählernen Rheinbrücken, die durch ihre strukturale Komposition dem Betrachter vom ingeniösen Geist in der Sprache der Konstrukteure aus der Entwicklungsgeschichte jener Bauwerke erzählen. Da ist das ehemalige MAN‐Werk Gustavsburg mit seinen Facharbeitern, Ingenieuren, Wissenschaftlern und Konstrukteuren, welche mit ihren Werken und Taten die “Gustavsburger Schule des Stahlbaues” (Kurt Klöppel) zu einem historischen Subjekt formten, einer Innovationsmanufaktur des Stahlbaus, in der Industrie, Technologie, Wissenschaft und Konstruktionskultur zu einer einzigartigen Einheit zusammenfanden. Schließlich fand am 9./10.Oktober 2008 in der Rheingoldhalle zu Mainz der 34.Deutsche Stahlbautag statt, der diesen Ort zum Schnittpunkt geistiger Auseinandersetzung um Gegenwart und Zukunft des Bauens mit Stahl aus der Perspektive der Industrie, der Wissenschaft, der Beratenden Ingenieure und der Architekten erhob (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Blood–Brain Barrier Promotes Differentiation of Human Fetal Neural Precursor Cells
Authors: Chintawar Satyan , Cayrol Romain , Antel Jack , Pandolfo Massimo , Prat Alexandre 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
In the stem cell niche, neural stem cells (NSCs) are in close contact with the specialized blood–brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells (ECs) that modulate their proliferation and differentiation behavior. NSCs are also an attractive source for cell transplantation and neural tissue repair after central nervous system injury. After systemic grafting, they are confronted with the BBB before they can enter the brain parenchyma. We investigated the interactions of human fetal neural precursor cells (hfNPCs) with human brain ECs in an in vitro model using primary cultures. We demonstrated that hfNPCs efficiently differentiate to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes and move to the subendothelial space of human BBB endothelium, but not to pulmonary artery ECs. Effective differentiation was found to be dependent on the chemokine CCL2/MCP-1, but not on CXCL8/IL-8. Our findings suggest that neural precursor cells specifically interact with the BBB endothelium and differentiate in the subendothelial niche into astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes, under the influence of the chemokine CCL2/MCP-1.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Age-Dependent Depletion of Human Skin-Derived Progenitor Cells
Authors: Gago Nuria , Pérez-López Virginia , Sanz-Jaka Juan Pablo , Cormenzana Pedro , Eizaguirre Iñaki , Bernad Antonio , Izeta Ander 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
A major unanswered question in autologous cell therapy is the appropriate timing for cell isolation. Many of the putative target diseases arise with old age and previous evidence, mainly from animal models, suggests that the stem/progenitor cell pool decreases steadily with age. Studies with human cells have been generally hampered to date by poor sample availability. In recent years, several laboratories have reported on the existence, both in rodents and humans, of skin-derived precursor (SKP) cells with the capacity to generate neural and mesodermal progenies. This easily obtainable multipotent cell population has raised expectations for their potential use in cell therapy of neurodegeneration. However, we still lack a clear understanding of the spatiotemporal abundance and phenotype of human SKPs. Here we show an analysis of human SKP abundance and in vitro differentiation potential, by using SKPs isolated from four distinct anatomic sites (abdomen, breast, foreskin, and scalp) from 102 healthy subjects aged 8 months to 85 years. Human SKP abundance and differentiation potential decrease sharply with age, being extremely difficult to isolate, expand, and differentiate when obtained from the elderly. Our data suggest preserving human SKP cell banks early in life would be desirable for use in clinical protocols in the aging population.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff over correlated Rayleigh fading channels: a non‐asymptotic analysis
Authors: Rezki Zouheir , Haccoun David , Gagnon François , Ajib Wessam 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we present a finite‐signal‐to‐noise ratio (finite‐SNR) framework to establish tight bounds on the diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. We focus on a more realistic propagation environment where MIMO channel fading coefficients are correlated and where SNR values are finite. The impact of spatial correlation on the fundamental diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff is investigated. We present tight lower bounds on the outage probability of both spatially uncorrelated and correlated MIMO channels. Using these lower bounds, accurate finite‐SNR estimates of the diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff are derived. These estimates allow to gain insight on the impact of spatial correlation on the diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff at finite‐SNR. As expected, the diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff is severely degraded as the spatial correlation increases. For example, a MIMO system operating at a spectral efficiency ofRbps/Hz and at an SNR of 5 dB in a moderately correlated channel, achieves a better diversity gain than a system operating at the same spectral efficiency and at an SNR of 10 dB in a highly correlated channel, when the multiplexing gainris greater than 0.8. Another interesting point is that provided that the spatial correlation channel matrix is of full rank, the maximum diversity gain is not affected by the spatial correlation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postauricular and Axillary Approach Endoscopic Neck Surgery: A New Technique
Authors: Lee Kyu Eun , Kim Hoon Yub , Park Won Seo , Choe Jun‐Ho , Kwon Mi Ra , Oh Seung Keun , Youn Yeo‐Kyu 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundWhile the bilateral axillo‐breast approach (BABA) to endoscopic neck surgery resolves various benign and malignant thyroid and parathyroid diseases with minimal adverse effects and excellent cosmetic outcomes, it involves circumareolar incisions. Many patients, especially young female patients, are reluctant to have their breast involved. Consequently, we developed the postauricular and axillary approach (PAA) that uses postauricular incisions.MethodsFrom June 2006 to December 2007, we treated 10 patients with PAA endoscopic neck surgery. After subcutaneous infiltration with diluted epinephrine solution, the subplatysmal and subcutaneous spaces were dissected. Two axillary ports and two postauricular ports were used and low‐pressure CO2 insufflation generated operative space. After dividing the midline between the strap muscles, the isthmus was divided and the thyroid lobe was dissected with ultrasonic shears and excised after careful identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands. Malignant lesions were treated with contralateral thyroid lobectomy. For parathyroid adenomas, we performed parathyroidectomy after dividing the strap muscles in the midline.ResultsTwo thyroid lobectomies, one parathyroidectomy, one subtotal thyroidectomy, and six total thyroidectomies were performed by PAA endoscopic neck surgery. The mean operation time was 210.0 ± 43.7 min. There were no cases of conversion to open surgery, permanent vocal cord palsy, or facial nerve palsy. None of the thyroidectomy patients exhibited hypocalcemia. The cosmetic outcomes were excellent and all patients were satisfied.ConclusionsPAA endoscopic neck surgery is a feasible method for thyroid and parathyroid surgery that permits good operative visualization and has minimal adverse effects and excellent cosmetic outcomes.
Ordered Mesostructured CdS Nanowire Arrays with Rectifying Properties
Authors: Yuan Na , Cheng Gang , An Yanqing , Du Zuliang , Wu Sixin 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Highly ordered mesoporous CdS nanowire arrays were synthesized by using mesoporous silica as hard template and cadmium xanthate (CdR2) as a single precursor. Upon etching silica, mesoporous CdS nanowire arrays were produced with a yield as high as 93 wt%. The nanowire arrays were characterized by XRD, N2adsorption, TEM, and SEM. The results show that the CdS products replicated from the mesoporous silica SBA-15 hard template possess highly ordered hexagonal mesostructure and fiber-like morphology, analogous to the mother template. The current–voltage characteristics of CdS nanoarrays are strongly nonlinear and asymmetrical, showing rectifying diode-like behavior.
Modelling the prevalence and cost of back pain with neuropathic components in the general population
Authors: Schmidt Carsten O. , Schweikert Bernd , Wenig Christina M. , Schmidt Uwe , Gockel Ulrich , Freynhagen Rainer , Tölle Thomas R. , Baron Ralf , Kohlmann Thomas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground: Although there is increasing knowledge of the prevalence of neuropathic pain, little has been done to isolate the cost of neuropathic pain, especially with reference to the frequent complaint of back pain.Aims: To estimate the prevalence of neuropathic components in back pain and associated costs.Methods: We used available epidemiological data to model the prevalence of neuropathic back pain in the general adult population, combining three studies: painDETECT 1, painDETECT 2, and the German back pain research network (GBPRN) study, representing a total of 21,047 subjects. The painDETECT screening questionnaire was used in the former two surveys to assess neuropathic pain components. Costing data were obtained from 1718 participants in the GBPRN survey.Results: According to our model, approximately 4% of the general adult population experienced back pain with a neuropathic component. Owing to the greater severity of neuropathic pain, its costs were found to be disproportionately high: among patients with persistent back pain, typical costs associated with a person suffering neuropathic back pain were higher than those of an average back pain patient, and as much as 67% higher than those of a patient with nociceptive back pain only. Approximately, 16% of the total costs associated with back pain were attributable to pain with a neuropathic component.Conclusions: Back pain with neuropathic components is likely to affect a relevant proportion of the general adult population and cause a disproportionately high share of back pain‐related costs.
Perceived negative attitude of others as an early sign of psychosis
Authors: Salokangas Raimo K.R. , Heinimaa Markus , Svirskis Tanja , Laine Tiina , Huttunen Jukka , Ristkari Terja , Ilonen Tuula , Korkeila Jyrki , Vaskelainen Leena , Rekola Jaakko , Hietala Jarmo , Klosterkötter Joachim , Ruhrmann Stephan , Graf von Reventlow Heinrich , Linszen Don , Dingemans Peter , Birchwood Max , Patterson Paul ,   The EPOS Group
Published: February 2009

AbstractAimRisk of psychosis is defined by the presence of positive psychotic-like symptoms, by subtle self-perceived cognitive and perceptual deficiencies, or by decreased functioning with familial risk of psychosis. We studied the associations of psychiatric outpatients' self-reported functioning and interpersonal relationships with vulnerability to and risk of psychosis.MethodsA total of 790 young patients attending psychiatric outpatient care completed the PROD screen [Heinimaa M, Salokangas RKR, Ristkari T, Plathin M, Huttunen J, Ilonen T, et al. PROD-screen – a screen for prodromal symptoms of psychosis. Int J Meth Psychiatr Res 2003;12:92–04.], including questions on functioning, interpersonal relationships and subtle specific (psychotic-like) and non-specific symptoms. Vulnerability to psychosis was assessed employing the patient's written descriptions of specific symptoms. Of the patients vulnerable to psychosis, those at current risk of psychosis were assessed using the Bonn Scale for Assessment of Basic Symptoms [Schultze-Lutter F, Klosterkötter J. Bonn scale for assessment of basic symptoms – prediction list, BSABS-P. Cologne: University of Cologne; 2002] and the Structured Interview for Positive symptoms [Miller TJ, McGlashan TH, Rosen JL, Somjee L, Markovich PJ, Stein K, et al. Prospective diagnosis of the initial prodrome for schizophrenia based on the structured interview for prodromal syndromes: preliminary evidence of interrater reliability and predictive validity. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:863–65.].ResultsIn all, 219 patients vulnerable to and 55 patients at current risk of psychosis were identified. Vulnerability to psychosis was associated with all items of functioning and interpersonal relationships. Current risk of psychosis, however, was associated only with the subjectively reported negative attitude of others. Negative attitude of others was also associated with feelings of reference at both vulnerability and risk levels.ConclusionThe subjective experience of negative attitude of others towards oneself may be an early indicator of psychotic development.
Return of the Bhadralok: Ecology and Agrarian Relations in Eastern Bengal, c. 1905–1947
Authors: IQBAL IFTEKHAR 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSince the late 1970s, historical studies of colonial Bengal have been dominated by the recurrent theme of the ‘return of the peasant’, generally set against the previously predominant notion that British-created landlords were omnipotent agents of agrarian relations. Although the new historiography restores agency to the peasant, it seeks to attribute the agrarian decline in the late colonial Eastern Bengal, roughly Bangladesh, to the ‘rich peasant’. It is argued that the rich peasant wielded hegemonic authority on their poor fellow co-religionists by forging a ‘communal bond’, while exploiting them from within. Such development is often considered linked to the separatist idea that offered a ‘peasant utopia’ in the form of Pakistan against perceived Hindu domination. This article, while not altogether denying the role of the rich peasant, argues that the bhadralok, or the non-cultivating middle-class gentry, were far more powerful as a catalyst in agrarian relations in Eastern Bengal than is conceded in contemporary historical debates. In so arguing, this article re-examines the post-structuralist turn that appeared to replace the classical Marxist paradigm of class by that of culture and consciousness.
ΕΠΟΤΙΣΘΗΜΕΝ (I Corinthians 12. 13)
Authors: Cuming G. J. 
Published: February 2009

When Paul writes about the imparting of the holy Spirit, he normally uses quite ordinary verbs: God gives (δÍωμι, Rom. 5. 5), we receive (λαβάνω, Rom. 8. 15). But in I Cor. 12. 13 he uses an unusual, rather surprising word:That one holy Spirit was poured out for all of us to drink (NEB).
Is John's Gospel Anti-Sacramental? – a New Solution in the Light of the Evangelist's Milieu
Authors: Matsunaga Kikuo 
Published: February 2009

ProblemIn the Fourth Gospel there are many symbols and the related texts which can be interpreted sacramentally. On the other hand, it seems to omit accounts of the Baptism of Jesus and the Institution of the Holy Communion, both important to the origin of the sacraments. In addition there are strong tendencies towards theSpiritualisierungof the symbols and the related texts. Therefore, it has been a big issue for Johannine scholarship whether the Evangelist is anti-sacramental or not.
Zeus und der lebendige Gott: Anmerkungen zu Apostelgeschichte 14.11–17
Authors: Breytenbach Cilliers 
Published: February 2009

In diesem Beitrag möchte ich einige Beobachtungen zu Apg 14.11–17 ausführen, die sich in drei Thesen zusammenfassen lassen:Erstens soil anhand der Terminologie dieser Perikope aufgezeigt werden wie der Autor dieses Textabschnittes und somit derjenige der lukanischen Apostelgeschichte auf Vorstellungen zurückgreift, die aus den Überlieferungstraditionen des griechisch-sprechenden Judentums stammen. Diese Einsicht ist nicht neu, liefert aber die Voraussetzung für den zweiten, weitergehenden Diskussionspunkt: Der Text Apg 14.11–13,17 läβt einige religiöse Vorstellungen anklingen, die im südlichen Kleinasien während des ersten nachchristlichen Jahrhunderts verbreitet waren. Daraus läβt sich drittens die These entwickeln, daβ der Autor der Apostelgeschichte solche lokalen religiösen Vorstellungen im Lichte der Tradition des griechisch-sprechenden Judentums einbezieht.
The Alexandrian Epistle of Jude
Authors: Gunther John J. 
Published: February 2009

The hypothesis of Jude's Alexandrian origin, which was set forth by Ernst Th. Mayerhoff in 1835 and has been supported by D. Schenkel, W. J. Mangold, H. Holtzmann, O. Pfleiderer and James Moffatt, deserves to be revived.Its associations with Syria and Palestine are superficial. Although theApostolic Constitutions(Apost. Canon 85) canonizes all of the Catholic Epistles, it was not until the early sixth century that Philoxenus brought Jude into the Syriac canon. Eusebius (hist.eccl.ii,23.25; iii,25.3) placed it among the disputed writings. J. N. D. Kelly deems it unlikely that the readers ‘were converts from Palestinian Judaism, for the Gnostic libertinism attacked cannot have had much attraction for people brought up to reverence the Law’. There is no evidence that libertine Gnostics ever were a problem anywhere in Syria either. There is no point of contact between Jude and either the Judas Thomas apocrypha or Ignatius or the Docetic and Judaizing errors he opposed at home or on the road. Hans Windisch remarked that the suppression of the blood relationship of Judas with Jesus bespeaks the non-Palestinian origin of the letter. The readers of the epistle did respect both Judas and James, who represented Palestinian dynastic Christianity. But such esteem did not prevail at Antioch (Acts 15.1; Gal. 2. 12) or where Matthew (12. 46–50) and Mark (3. 31–35), with their bias against the Lord's brothers, were written. The Synoptic Gospels did not influence Jude. The remoteness of Rome and the West from Judaean Christianity argues against any association with our epistle. Neither 1 Clement nor the Shepherd of Hermas reveals an awareness of the problems with which Jude deals. The epistle has nothing in common with Revelation or Asian millenarianism; Papias did not even include Judas in his list of disciples. Justin's ignorance of Jude tends to forbid its connection with Ephesus or Rome.
The Twelve and the Phylarchs
Authors: Horbury W. 
Published: February 2009

Constitutional questions are posed in much recent study of Christian origins. What was the significance of the ministry of Jesus for the contemporary Jewish polity, and the subsequent growth of the Christian ecclesia? The differing emphases of the answers can be roughly labelled ecclesiastical, for example in B. F. Meyer, or national, for example in G. B. Caird and E. P. Sanders. Despite such differences, the twelve must needs be central in the subject-matter (as in B. F. Meyer, 134; Sanders, 326). Can one go further towards determining the constitutional significance of a body of twelve for a Jew of the first century A.D.?One possible model for the twelve, the group of tribal princes, seems to be relatively neglected. In what follows attention will be drawn to it, and an attempt will be made to characterize its interpretation in ancient Judaism. Finally, against this background, brief comment will be offered on the place of the twelve in early church order and in the ministry of Jesus.
The Importance of Joseph and Aseneth for the Study of the New Testament: A General Survey and a Fresh Look at the Lord's Supper
Authors: Burchard Ahristoph 
Published: February 2009

In 1859 Friedrich Düsterdieck, then Director of Studies at thePrediger-seminarin the Monastery of Loccum near Hannover, published a commentary on the Revelation of John. It was his contribution to the series inaugurated in 1829 by another Hanoverian cleric, Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer. Commenting upon the description in Rev 14. 4 of the 144,000 elect, οῡτοί είσιν οί μετὰ γυναικην ούκ έμολύνθησαν παρθένοι γάρ είσιν, Düsterdieck wrote:‘παρθένοι) Das Prädicat wird nicht selten auch Männern gegeben. Vgl.Fabricius, Cod. apocr. vet. Test. II, p. 92.98 (wo Joseph ein άνὴρ παρθένος heisst),Kypke, Observ. sacr. ad h.1. (παρθένον υα, ausNonnusad Joh. 19,26),Suidas, s.v. ‘Άβελ.’