bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Azoxystrobin in the Control of Erysiphe Cichoracearum and Pseudoperonospora Cubensis on Cucumber
Authors: Anand Theerthagiri , Chandrasekaran Angannan , Kuttalam Sasthamoorthy , Senthilraja Govindasamy , Raguchander Thiruvengadam , Samiyappan Ramasamy 
Published: August 2008

Effectiveness of Azoxystrobin in the Control ofErysiphe CichoracearumandPseudoperonospora Cubensison CucumberThe bioefficacy of azoxystrobin (Amistar 25 SC) was tested against cucumber downy mildew and powdery mildew diseases. The two season trials of field studies revealed that the disease progression of cucumber downy mildew and powdery mildew was successfully arrested by azoxystrobin. Spraying of azoxystrobin at various doses (31.25, 62.50 and 125g a.s./ha) revealed that 125 g a.s./ha (500 ml/ha) was considered as the optimum dose for the control of these diseases of cucumber. The treatment also recorded the highest yield of 13.23 and 14.46 tonnes/ha in the first and second season, respectively. No phytotoxic effect of azoxystrobin was observed in the both field trials even at four times of the recommended dose 125 g a.s./ha. The persistence of azoxystrobin at 250 and 500 g a.s./ha was observed up to seven days after last spraying. However, the persistence of azoxystrobin at 31.25, 62.50 and 125 a.s./ha was observed up to three to five days after last spraying. The safe waiting period for the harvest of cucumber fruits was 1.53 days in the first field trial and 2.37 days in the second field trial, respectively at azoxystrobin 125 g a.s./ha. The residues of azoxystrobin were at below detectable level (BDL) in the harvested cucumber fruits.
Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Javanica) and Tomato As Affected By Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Karajeh Muwaffaq 
Published: August 2008

Interaction of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Javanica) and Tomato As Affected By Hydrogen PeroxideThe effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on root-knot nematode (RKN,Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato was investigated. Soil drenching with exogenous H2O2was done using seven H2O2concentrations (1, 10, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mM) at different application times (24 hours before the time of plant inoculation with the RKN (T1), at the time of inoculation (T2), and 24 hours after the inoculation time (T3). The nematode reproduction rate (eggs/g fresh root) was significantly reduced in all H2O2treatments compared with the untreated control. The lowest reduction in nematode reproduction occurred at 10 mM H2O2. The application times T1 and T2 were significantly higher in reducing the reproduction rate than T3 at 250, 750 and 1000 mM H2O2. The content of endogenous H2O2in the treated plants was significantly higher than in the non-treated plants. Some phytotoxicity was apparent at the higher concentrations of H2O2(≥ 500 mM) in the treated plants due to the accumulation of the endogenous H2O2. The treatments with 1 and 10 mM H2O2did not differ from the untreated control in plant chlorophyll content while the content was significantly reduced at the higher concentrations. Exogenous application of H2O2may have a direct effect on the nematode reproduction and an indirect effect on the treated tomato plants that can be elicited by H2O2to resist the nematode infection.
Effect of Fungicides on Colony Growth of Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Scrib.
Authors: Sartori Juliana , Maringoni Antonio 
Published: August 2008

Effect of Fungicides on Colony Growth ofColletotrichum Lindemuthianum(Sacc. & Magn.) Scrib.Colletotrichum lindemuthianum(Sacc. & Magn.) Scrib. is the causal agent of the anthracnose of common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.), a fungal disease of a great significance in brazilian bean cultures. The goals of this work were to evaluate thein vitrocolony growth and to determine the ED50interval of twentyC. lindemuthianumisolates from different regions of Brazil to five fungicides of different active ingredients and to some blendings (carbendazim, chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl, trifloxystrobin, propiconazole and trifloxystrobin + propiconazole), at concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/ml, in a potato-dextrose-agar culture medium. The results revealed seven isolates with low sensitivity to carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl (ED50interval greater than 1000 μg/ml) thus suggesting cross-resistance. Isolate sensitivity to chlorothalonil ranged from ED50interval less than 1 μg/ml to greater than 1000 μg/ml. Those isolates with high sensitivity to thiophanate-methyl, ED50interval less than 1 μg/ml, did also show it with respect to chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl. Sixteen isolates showed a high sensitivity to trifloxystrobin with a ED50interval less than 1 μg/ml. Nineteen isolates ofC. lindemuthianumshowed high sensitivity to propiconazole and to trifloxystrobin + propiconazole with ED50interval less than 1 μg/ml. Isolates with low sensitivity to carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl were sensitive to propiconazole and to trifloxystrobin + propiconazole. Variability was found in the sensitivity of the colony growth ofC. lindemuthianumisolates from different regions of Brazil to the fungicides evaluated.
Population Dynamics of Sugar-Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera Schachtii) On Spring and Winter Oilseed Rape Crops
Authors: Dobosz Renata , Kornobis Stefan 
Published: August 2008

Population Dynamics of Sugar-Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera Schachtii) On Spring and Winter Oilseed Rape Crops
The influence of spring as well as winter oilseed rape on the change in population density of H. schachtii was investigated in microplot experiment in the years 2002-2005. The spring oilseed rape caused the increase of nematode population (Pf/Pi were 1.31-1.79), in contrast to winter oilseed rape where the population distinctly decreased (Pf/Pi were 0.49-0.59). No statistically important differences between winter oilseed rape crops and fallow were observed. Comparative observations of the life cycle were carried out in pot experiments outdoors. On spring oilseed rape only one generation was completed. The development of the second generation was interrupted because of crop harvesting. In winter oilseed rape J3 and J4 occurred in roots in the autumn where they probably did not over-winter, except of the years 2006-2007. In the spring there was a second emergence of larvae and adult females were observed in June and July. The development of the second generation was interrupted because of harvesting. In winter oilseed rape sown in the spring one generation was completed.
Mycoflora Associated with Decomposition of Rice Stubble Mixed with Soil
Authors: Pandey Vibha , Sinha Asha 
Published: August 2008

Mycoflora Associated with Decomposition of Rice Stubble Mixed with SoilFungi inhabiting rice stubble mixed with soil were isolated by dilution plate technique. Moisture content of decomposed rice stubble mixed with soil was 25.32% in the month of August and minimum (5.35%) in the month of April and pH varied between 6.8-7.2. The highest (47.68 x 104) fungal population in 1 g of rice stubble mixed with soil was recorded in the month of October and the lowest (16.88 x 104) in the month of May. A total of twenty-nine fungal species were recorded during the entire period of decomposition. Dueteromycetous fungi constituted 75.86 per cent of total fungal population followed by zygomycetous, oomycetous and ascomycetous fungi. Monthly variation in fungal population was correlated with substrate availability and climatic factors. Dominance ofRhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus flavusandTrichoderma harzianumwas recorded during the decomposition whilePestalotia mangiferae, Torula graminisandAlternaria solaniwere obtained as rare fungal species.
Highly Efficient and Reusable Polyaniline‐Supported Palladium Catalysts for Open‐Air Oxidative Heck Reactions under Base‐ and Ligand‐Free Conditions
Authors: Likhar Pravin R. , Roy Moumita , Roy Sarabindu , Subhas M. S. , Kantam M. Lakshmi , Sreedhar B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractOxidative Heck reactions of arylboronic acids and alkenes are carried out in the presence of polyaniline‐supported palladium catalysts using air as a co‐oxidant to afford the Heck products with excellent yields and selectivities under base‐ and ligand‐free conditions. The catalyst was recovered by simple filtration and used for several cycles with consistent activity.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Optically Active Alkanephos‐ phonates via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Phosphonates with Ferrocene‐Based Monophosphoramidite Ligands
Authors: Duan Zheng‐Chao , Hu Xiang‐Ping , Wang Dao‐Yong , Huang Jia‐Di , Yu Sai‐Bo , Deng Jun , Zheng Zhuo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA series of chiral β‐substituted alkanephosphonates was synthesized in high enantioselectivities via the first rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of the corresponding β‐substituted‐α,β‐unsaturated phosphonates using a ferrocene‐derived monophosphoramidite ligand, with which up to 99.5% ee have been achieved for the hydrogenation of (E)‐substrates and 98.0% ee for (Z)‐substrates.
Consensus statement on iron overload in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Bennett John M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn May 2005 at the 8th International Symposium on Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), a consensus meeting was held on iron overload in MDS (Seymour, Hematol Oncol Clin 2005; Suppl 1:18–25). The recommendations of the 2005 consensus meeting were discussed in the context of currently available evidence at the 9th International Symposium on Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Florence Italy, May 2007. The recommendations of the consensus working group are presented here. The recommendations are a continued refinement of the outcome of the 2005 consensus meeting and the ground‐breaking work of others in this area (Seymour, Hematol Oncol Clin 2005; Suppl 1:18–25; Gattermann, Int J Hematol 2008;88:24–29; Alessandrino et al., Haematologica 2002;87:1286–1306; NCCN practice guidelines: Myelodysplastic Syndromes, version 2.2008). Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variation in the serotonin 2A receptor and suicidal ideation in a sample of 270 Irish high‐density schizophrenia families
Authors: Fanous Ayman H. , Chen Xiangning , Wang Xu , Amdur Richard , O'Neill F. Anthony , Walsh Dermot , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGenetic variation in the serotonin 2A receptor (HTR2A) has been associated with both schizophrenia and suicidal behavior. Our sample comprised 270 Irish high‐density schizophrenia families (n = 1,408 subjects, including 755 with psychotic illness). Diagnoses were generated using a modified SCID. All patients who had at least one episode of psychosis were rated on the Operation Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT). Lifetime history of suicidal ideation was determined from medical records and psychiatric interviews and was scored in the OPCRIT. Twelve SNPs were selected for study. Ten of these were tagSNPs derived from HapMap data, along with His452Tyr and T102C. We tested for association with psychotic illness as a whole, as well as stratified by the presence of suicidal ideation, using FBAT and PDTPHASE. Single‐marker as well as haplotype‐based tests using a “sliding window” approach were performed. We observed several 2, 3, and 4 marker haplotypes near the 3′ end of the gene that were over‐transmitted to psychotic subjects (0.02 ≤ P ≤ 0.04). His452Tyr was included in these haplotypes but was not itself significant. We also observed modest over‐transmission of a 2‐marker haplotype that included T102C (0.04 ≤ P ≤ 0.08), which was also not itself significant in single‐marker analyses. There was no significant association in the subgroup of the sample with suicidal ideation. Because of multiple testing, these results do not provide support for HTR2A as a susceptibility gene for psychotic illness, or for suicidal ideation within psychotic illness. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Artificial neural network modeling of O2 separation from air in a hollow fiber membrane module
Authors: Madaeni S. S. , Zahedi G. , Aminnejad M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this study artificial neural network (ANN) modeling of a hollow fiber membrane module for separation of oxygen from air was conducted. Feed rates, transmembrane pressure, membrane surface area, and membrane permeability for the present constituents in the feed were network input data. Output data were rate of permeate from the membrane, the amount of N2 in the remaining flow, and the amount of O2 in the permeate flow. Experimental data were obtained from software developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI). A part of the data generated by this software was confirmed by experimental results available in literature. Two third of the data were employed for training ANNs. Based on different training algorithms, radial basis function (RBF) was found as the best network with minimum training error. Generalization capability of best RBF networks was checked by one third of unseen data. The network was able to properly predict new data that incorporate excellent performance of the network. The developed model can be used for optimization and online control. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of various parameters on the solid circulation rate in a liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed
Authors: Natarajan P. , Velraj R. , Seeniraj R. V. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) is operated at high liquid velocity, where particle entrainment is highly significant, and between the conventional liquid fluidized bed and the dilute‐phase liquid transport regimes. In the present work, systematic experiments were carried out in a 0.094 m i.d. and 2.4 m height laboratory‐scale LSCFB apparatus by using various solid particles and tap water as fluidizing medium to study the hydrodynamics. The effects of operating parameters, i.e. primary liquid flow rate in the riser (jf), auxiliary liquid flow rate (ja), total liquid flow rate (jl), particle density (ρs), particle diameter (dp) and solid feed pipe diameter (do) on the solid circulation rate were analyzed from the experimental data. Finally, a correlation was developed from the experimental data to estimate solid velocity (solid circulation rate), and was compared with the present experimental and available data in the literature. They agree well with a maximum root mean‐square (RMS) deviation of 12%. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shadow price of capital and the Furubotn–Pejovich effect: Some empirical evidence for Italian wine cooperatives
Authors: Maietta Ornella Wanda , Sena Vania 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe test the underinvestment hypothesis (the so‐called Furubotn–Pejovich effect) from the specialized literature on co‐ops by comparing the shadow price of capital and the dual capacity utilization index for a panel of Italian cooperative and conventional firms, 1996–2003. The results do not show any difference between co‐ops and conventional firms in this respect. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain function and gaze fixation during facial‐emotion processing in fragile X and autism
Authors: Dalton Kim M. , Holsen Laura , Abbeduto Leonard , Davidson Richard J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most commonly known genetic disorder associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Overlapping features in these populations include gaze aversion, communication deficits, and social withdrawal. Although the association between FXS and ASD has been well documented at the behavioral level, the underlying neural mechanisms associated with the social/emotional deficits in these groups remain unclear. We collected functional brain images and eye‐gaze fixations from 9 individuals with FXS and 14 individuals with idiopathic ASD, as well as 15 typically developing (TD) individuals, while they performed a facial‐emotion discrimination task. The FXS group showed a similar yet less aberrant pattern of gaze fixations compared with the ASD group. The FXS group also showed fusiform gyrus (FG) hypoactivation compared with the TD control group. Activation in FG was strongly and positively associated with average eye fixation and negatively associated with ASD characteristics in the FXS group. The FXS group displayed significantly greater activation than both the TD control and ASD groups in the left hippocampus (HIPP), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), right insula (INS), and left postcentral gyrus (PCG). These group differences in brain activation are important as they suggest unique underlying face‐processing neural circuitry in FXS versus idiopathic ASD, largely supporting the hypothesis that ASD characteristics in FXS and idiopathic ASD reflect partially divergent impairments at the neural level, at least in FXS individuals without a co‐morbid diagnosis of ASD.
Clusters of sirenomelia in South America
Authors: Orioli Iêda M. , Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo , López‐Camelo Jorge S. , Saldarriaga Wilmar , Isaza Carolina , Aiello Horacio , Zarante Ignacio , Castilla Eduardo E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDOne hospital in the city of Cali, Colombia, of the ECLAMC (Latin‐American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) network, reported the unusual occurrence of four cases of sirenomelia within a 55‐day period.METHODSAn ECLAMC routine for cluster evaluation (RUMOR) was followed that included: calculations of observed/expected ratios, site visits, comparison with comprehensively collected local, South American, and worldwide data, cluster analysis, and search for risk factors.RESULTSAll four Cali sirenomelia cases were born to mothers living in a 2 km2 area, in neighboring communes, within the municipality of Cali. Considering the total births of the city of Cali as the denominator, and based on ECLAMC baseline birth prevalence rates (per 100,000) for sirenomelia (2.25, 95% CI: 2.66, 3.80), the cluster for this congenital abnormality was unlikely to have occurred by chance (observed/expected ratio = 5.77; 95% CI: 1.57–14.78; p = .002). No consistent common factor was identified, but vicinity to an open landfill as the cause could not be rejected. Another ECLAMC hospital in San Justo, Buenos Aires, Argentina, reported three further cases but these did not seem to constitute a nonrandom cluster.CONCLUSIONSThe methodology used to evaluate the two possible clusters of sirenomelia determined that the Cali sirenomelia cluster was unlikely to have occurred by chance whereas the sirenomelia cluster from San Justo seemed to be random. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Constructing and Analyzing the Fitness Landscape of an Experimental Evolutionary Process
Authors: Reetz Manfred T. , Sanchis Joaquin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM) is a promising approach to more efficient directed evolution, especially for enhancing the enantioselectivity and/or thermostability of enzymes. This was demonstrated previously for an epoxide hydrolase (EH), after five sets of mutations led to a stepwise increase in enantioselectivity. This study utilizes these results to illuminate the nature of ISM, and identify the reasons for its operational efficacy. By applying a deconvolution strategy to the five sets of mutations and measuring the enantioselectivity factors (E) of the EH variants, ΔΔG≠ values become accessible. With these values, the construction of the complete fitness‐pathway landscape is possible. The free energy profiles of the 5!=120 evolutionary pathways leading from the wild‐type to the best mutant show that 55 trajectories are energetically favored, one of which is the originally observed route. This particular pathway was analyzed in terms of epistatic effects operating between the sets of mutations at all evolutionary stages. The degree of synergism increases as the stepwise evolutionary process proceeds. When encountering a local minimum in a disfavored pathway, that is, in the case of a dead end, choosing another set of mutations at a previous stage puts the evolutionary process back on an energetically favored trajectory. The type of analysis presented here might be useful when evaluating other mutagenesis methods and strategies in directed evolution.
PP Bond Cleavage of Tetraphenyltetraphosphane‐1,4‐diide Facilitated by Nickel(0)
Authors: Gómez‐Ruiz Santiago , Zahn Stefan , Kirchner Barbara , Böhlmann Winfried , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractOne equivalent of [Na2(thf)5(P4Ph4)] (1) reacts with one equivalent of [Ni(cod)2] (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) to give the unexpected ionic compound [Na(Et2O)3][Na3(Et2O)2Ni3(μ‐P2Ph2)2(P2Ph2)3] (2), whereas the reaction of [Ni(cod)2] with the less reactive [K2(pmdeta)2(P4Ph4)] (3) leads to the formation of [K(pmdeta)]2[Ni(P4Ph4)(P2Ph2)] (4) (PMDETA=NMe(CH2CH2NMe2)2), in which KNi interactions are observed. The calculations for 4 confirm the structural parameters obtained by X‐ray diffraction studies. A shared electron number (SEN) analysis was applied to investigate the K⋅⋅⋅Ni interactions. These studies indicate a SEN value of a typical three‐center, two‐electron bond for K1‐Ni‐K2 indicating a covalent contribution in the interaction between nickel and potassium.
Efficient dominant eigensystem computation using nodal equations
Authors: Expósito Antonio Gómez , Bachiller Soler Alfonso , Macías José Antonio Rosendo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, alternative methods are developed for computing the smallest, the largest and a given subset of the largest eigenvalues associated with linear time‐invariant circuits. The proposed methods resort to the solution of DC or AC adjoint circuits, for which conventional nodal analysis can be adopted. Experimental results obtained with test cases comprising over 500 state variables show substantial computational savings with respect to standard algorithms, based on the system matrix A arising in the state‐space formulation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust acinar cell transgene expression of CreErT via BAC recombineering
Authors: Ji Baoan , Song Jian , Tsou Lilian , Bi Yan , Gaiser Sebastian , Mortensen Richard , Logsdon Craig 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPancreatic acinar cells are critical in gastrointestinal physiology and pancreatitis and may be involved in pancreatic cancer. Previously, a short rat pancreatic elastase promoter has been widely utilized to control acinar cell transgene expression. However, this partial sequence does not confer robust and stable expression. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a transgene employing bacterial‐artificial‐chromosome (BAC) technology to express a tamoxifen‐regulated Cre recombinase from a full‐length mouse elastase gene (BAC‐Ela‐CreErT) would be more robust and stable. When founders were crossed with Rosa26 reporter mice nearly 100% of acini expressed β‐galactosidase after tamoxifen treatment. The expression was specific for pancreatic acinar cells and these characteristics have remained stable for 2 years. However, because of high levels of expression in differentiated acinar cells, this construct is tamoxifen independent in ∼50% of adult acinar cells. This model of pancreatic acinar specific Cre expression is a powerful tool for future transgenic and knockout studies. genesis 46:390–395, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.