bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volcanic soil gas 4He/CO2 ratio: a useful geochemical tool for real-time eruption forecasting
Authors: Pérez Nemesio M. , Padrón Eleazar , Melián Gladys , Hernández Pedro A. , Padilla German , Barrancos José , Rodríguez Fátima , D’Auria Luca , Calvo David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAt many dormant volcanoes, magmatic gases are not channeled through preferential degassing routes as fumaroles and only percolate through the flanks of the volcano in a diffuse way. This type of volcanic gas emission provides valuable information, even though the soil matrix contains an important atmospheric component. This study aimed to demonstrate that chemical ratios such as He/CO2 in soil gases provide excellent information on the evolution of volcanic unrest episodes and help forecast the volcanic eruption onset. Before and during the occurrence of the October 2011–March 2012 submarine of El Hierro, Canary Islands, more than 8500 soil He analyses and diffuse CO2 emission measurements were performed. The results show that the soil He/CO2 emission ratio began increasing drastically one month before eruption onset, reaching the maximum value 10 days before. During the eruptive period, this ratio also showed a maximum value several days before the period with the highest magma emission rate. The He/CO2 ratio was also helpful in forecasting the eruption onset. We demonstrate that this tool can be applied in real-time during volcanic emergencies. Our results also encourage a reevaluation of the global He emission from the subaerial volcanism.
Bone mineral density in adults with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Romand X. , Gastaldi R. , Pérennou D. , Baillet A. , Dieterich K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of low femoral and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC). We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of adults with AMC who were enrolled in the French Reference Center for AMC and in the Pediatric and Adult Registry for Arthrogryposis (PARART, NCT05673265). Patients who had undergone dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and/or vitamin D testing were included in the analysis. Fifty-one patients (mean age, 32.9 ± 12.6 years) were included; 46 had undergone DXA. Thirty-two (32/51, 62.7%) patients had Amyoplasia, and 19 (19/51, 37.3%) had other types of AMC (18 distal arthrogryposis, 1 Larsen). Six patients (6/42, 14.3%) had a lumbar BMD Z score less than − 2. The mean lumbar spine Z score (− 0.03 ± 1.6) was not significantly lower than the expected BMD Z score in the general population. Nine (9/40, 22.5%) and 10 (10/40, 25.0%) patients had femoral neck and total hip BMD Z scores less than − 2, respectively. The mean femoral neck (− 1.1 ± 1.1) and total hip (− 1.2 ± 1.2) BMD Z scores in patients with AMC were significantly lower than expected in the general population (p < 0.001). Femoral neck BMD correlated with height (rs = 0.39, p = 0.01), age (rs = − 0.315, p = 0.48); total hip BMD correlated with height (rs = 0.331, p = 0.04) and calcium levels (rs = 0.41, p = 0.04). Twenty-five patients (25/51, 49.0%) reported 39 fractures. Thirty-one (31/36, 86.1%) patients had 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels less than 75 nmol/l, and 6 (6/36, 16.7%) had 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels less than 75 nmol/l. Adults with AMC had lower hip BMD than expected for their age, and they more frequently showed vitamin D insufficiency. Screening for low BMD by DXA and adding vitamin D supplementation when vitamin D status is insufficient should be considered in adults with AMC, especially if there is a history of falls or fractures.
A novel vector field analysis for quantitative structure changes after macular epiretinal membrane surgery
Authors: Bae Seok Hyun , Go Sojung , Kim Jooyoung , Park Kyu Hyung , Lee Soochahn , Park Sang Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to introduce novel vector field analysis for the quantitative measurement of retinal displacement after epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal. We developed a novel framework to measure retinal displacement from retinal fundus images as follows: (1) rigid registration of preoperative retinal fundus images in reference to postoperative retinal fundus images, (2) extraction of retinal vessel segmentation masks from these retinal fundus images, (3) non-rigid registration of preoperative vessel masks in reference to postoperative vessel masks, and (4) calculation of the transformation matrix required for non-rigid registration for each pixel. These pixel-wise vector field results were summarized according to predefined 24 sectors after standardization. We applied this framework to 20 patients who underwent ERM removal to obtain their retinal displacement vector fields between retinal fundus images taken preoperatively and at postoperative 1, 4, 10, and 22 months. The mean direction of displacement vectors was in the nasal direction. The mean standardized magnitudes of retinal displacement between preoperative and postoperative 1 month, postoperative 1 and 4, 4 and 10, and 10 and 22 months were 38.6, 14.9, 7.6, and 5.4, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed method provides a computerized, reproducible, and scalable way to analyze structural changes in the retina with a powerful visualization tool. Retinal structural changes were mostly concentrated in the early postoperative period and tended to move nasally.
Enhanced accuracy through machine learning-based simultaneous evaluation: a case study of RBS analysis of multinary materials
Authors: Magchiels Goele , Claessens Niels , Meersschaut Johan , Vantomme André 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe address the high accuracy and precision demands for analyzing large in situ or in operando spectral data sets. A dual-input artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm enables the compositional and depth-sensitive analysis of multinary materials by simultaneously evaluating spectra collected under multiple experimental conditions. To validate the developed algorithm, a case study was conducted analyzing complex Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) spectra collected in two scattering geometries. The dual-input ANN analysis excelled in providing a systematic analysis and precise results, showcasing its robustness in handling complex data and minimizing user bias. A comprehensive comparison with human supervision analysis and conventional single-input ANN analysis revealed a reduced susceptibility of the dual-input ANN analysis to inaccurately known setup parameters, a common challenge in material characterization. The developed multi-input approach can be extended to a wide range of analytical techniques, in which the combined analysis of measurements performed under different experimental conditions is beneficial for disentangling details of the material properties.
Monte Carlo simulation of the effect of melanin concentration on light-tissue interactions in transmittance and reflectance finger photoplethysmography
Authors: Al-Halawani Raghda , Qassem Meha , Kyriacou Panicos A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotoplethysmography (PPG) uses light to detect volumetric changes in blood, and is integrated into many healthcare devices to monitor various physiological measurements. However, an unresolved limitation of PPG is the effect of skin pigmentation on the signal and its impact on PPG based applications such as pulse oximetry. Hence, an in-silico model of the human finger was developed using the Monte Carlo (MC) technique to simulate light interactions with different melanin concentrations in a human finger, as it is the primary determinant of skin pigmentation. The AC/DC ratio in reflectance PPG mode was evaluated at source-detector separations of 1 mm and 3 mm as the convergence rate (Q), a parameter that quantifies the accuracy of the simulation, exceeded a threshold of 0.001. At a source-detector separation of 3 mm, the AC/DC ratio of light skin was 0.472 times more than moderate skin and 6.39 than dark skin at 660 nm, and 0.114 and 0.141 respectively at 940 nm. These findings are significant for the development of PPG-based sensors given the ongoing concerns regarding the impact of skin pigmentation on healthcare devices.
The role of cerebellum in learned vocal communication in adult songbirds
Authors: Radic Rebecca , Lukacova Kristina , Baciak Ladislav , Hodova Vladimira , Kubikova Lubica 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInjury, tumors, ischemia, and lesions in the cerebellum show the involvement of this region in human speech. The association of the cerebellum with learned birdsong has only been identified recently. Cerebellar dysfunction in young songbirds causes learning disabilities, but its role in adult songbirds has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) in adult birdsong. We created bilateral excitotoxic lesions in the DCN of adult male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) and recorded their songs for up to 4 months. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immunohistochemistry, we validated the lesion efficacy. We found that the song duration significantly increased from 14 weeks post-op; the increase in duration was caused by a greater number of introductory notes as well as a greater number of syllables sung after the introductory notes. On the other hand, the motif duration decreased from 8 weeks after DCN lesions were induced, which was due to faster singing of syllables, not changes in inter-syllable interval length. DCN lesions also caused a decrease in the fundamental frequency of syllables. In summary, we showed that DCN lesions influence the temporal and acoustic features of birdsong. These results suggest that the cerebellum influences singing in adult songbirds.
Benign synthesis of terpene-based 1,4-p-menthane diamine
Authors: Wenzel Jonas O. , Santos Correa Luis , Schmidt Sarah , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTerpenes represent a promising renewable feedstock for the substitution of fossil resources in the synthesis of renewable platform chemicals, like diamines. This work describes the synthesis and full characterization of 1,4-p-menthane diamine (1,4-PMD) obtained from α-terpinene (1). A two-step procedure using dibenzyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD) and H2 as rather benign reagents was employed under comparatively mild conditions. Both C–N bonds were formed simultaneously during a visible-light mediated Diels–Alder reaction, which was investigated in batch or flow, avoiding regioselectivity issues during the amination steps that are otherwise typical for terpene chemistry. Heterogeneously catalyzed quadruple hydrogenation of the cycloadduct (2a) yielded 1,4‑PMD (3). While the intermediate cycloadduct was shown to be distillable, the target diamine can be sublimed, offering sustainable purification methods.
The laboratory parameters-derived CoLab score as an indicator of the host response in ICU COVID-19 patients decreases over time: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Schoenmakers Tom , Leers Mathie P. G. , Gorissen Stefan H. M. , van Loo Inge H. M. , van Rosmalen Frank , Aydeniz Eda , Schellens Joep , Driessen Marielle , Deneer Ruben , de Venne Wilhelmine P. H. G. Verboeket-van , Wolffs Petra F. G. , van Mook Walther N. K. A. , van Bussel Bas C. T. ,   the CoLaIC-consortium, Ament Stephanie , Arbous M. Sesmu , Bekers Otto , van Berckel Miranda , Boer Arjan-Kars , van Dam Dirk W. , Deneer Ruben , van Doorn William P. T. M. , Dormans Tom P. , Evers Silvia M. M. A. , Frenzel Tim , de Geus-Bosma Madeleen , Gillis Judith , van der Horst Iwan C. C. , Koek W. Nadia H. , Linssen Kitty , Meex Steven J. R. , Mostard Guy J. M. , Mostard Remy L. M. , Otterspoor Luuk C. , van Riel Natal A. W. , Stals Frans , van Westreenen Harro , Wolthuis Albert , van Mastrigt Ghislaine , Peeters Andrea 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe CoLab score was developed and externally validated to rule out COVID-19 among suspected patients presenting at the emergency department. We hypothesized a within-patient decrease in the CoLab score over time in an intensive care unit (ICU) cohort. Such a decrease would create the opportunity to potentially rule out the need for isolation when the infection is overcome. Using linear mixed-effects models, data from the Maastricht Intensive Care COVID (MaastrICCht) cohort were used to investigate the association between time and the CoLab score. Models were adjusted for sex, APACHE II score, ICU mortality, and daily SOFA score. The CoLab score decreased by 0.30 points per day (95% CI − 0.33 to − 0.27), independent of sex, APACHE II, and Mortality. With increasing SOFA score over time, the CoLab score decreased more strongly (− 0.01 (95% CI − 0.01 to − 0.01) additional decrease per one-point increase in SOFA score.) The CoLab score decreased in ICU patients on mechanical ventilation for COVID-19, with a one-point reduction per three days, independent of sex, APACHE II, and ICU mortality, and somewhat stronger with increasing multi-organ failure over time. This suggests that the CoLab score would decrease below a threshold where COVID-19 can be excluded.
3D printed orthopedic prostheses for domestic and wild birds—case reports
Authors: Carvalho Lucas Rannier R. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRegardless of the species, birds are exposed to injuries that lead to amputation of part of the body structure and often euthanasia. Based on the need for new technologies that improve the quality of life of birds with locomotor problems, the present case reports aimed to describe the development of custom-made three-dimensional (3D) prostheses for domestic and wild birds that suffered amputation or malformation of the hind limb. Using the measurements of the bird, a digital model was created for 3D printing using fused deposition modeling technology (FDM) by the Brazilian company 3D Medicine. In this study we report the use of 3D prosthesis for the rehabilitation of three birds with locomotor disorders in Brazil, the animals adapted to the custom-made prosthesis with an improvement in quality of life, better distribution of body weight, locomotion, and landing. This study describes the development of 3D prostheses for birds in Brazil, the first report of this technology for these species, and the pioneering development of socket prostheses for small birds. 3D prostheses offer a high-efficiency solution to improve the quality of life of animals with amputations and malformations of the hind limbs. In addition, 3D technology provides valuable tools for veterinary medicine, developing custom-made models for the most different anatomical demands of animal patients.
Association between changes in habitual stepping activity and cognition in older adults
Authors: O’Brien Myles W. , Bray Nick W. , Quirion Isadora , Ahmadi Shirko , Faivre Pierre , Gallant Francois , Gagnon Caroline , Sénéchal Martin , Dupuy Olivier , Bélanger Mathieu , Mekari Said 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdvancing age is associated with declines in cognitive function. Although physical activity is thought to protect against this decline, it is unclear how a short-term uptake in daily steps or a decline in day-to-day step variability may contribute to cognition among older adults. We tested associations between changes in step counts, day-to-day step variability and executive cognitive functions among older adults taking part in a physical activity intervention. Thirty-seven older adults (33 females; 71.4 ± 6.3 years) completed a 10-week personalized physical activity intervention. Participants wore a Fitbit to measure daily step counts throughout the study. They also completed a computerized Stroop task before and after the intervention. Average step counts and step count variability via average-real-variability (ARV) were determined. Compared to pre-intervention, step counts increased (p < 0.001) and step variability decreased post-intervention (p = 0.04). Models describing the changes in step counts and ARV over the 10-weeks were cubic (both, p < 0.04). Reaction times during the simple (p = 0.002) and switching (p = 0.04) conditions were faster post-intervention. Change in step variability was positively associated with the change in reaction time for the switching condition (β = 0.029, p = 0.002). On average, a reduction in day-to-day step variability was associated with improvements in cognitive flexibility.
Evaluating the accuracy of cerebrovascular computational fluid dynamics modeling through time-resolved experimental validation
Authors: Luisi Claudio A. , Witter Tom L. , Nikoubashman Omid , Wiesmann Martin , Steinseifer Ulrich , Neidlin Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccurate modeling of cerebral hemodynamics is crucial for better understanding the hemodynamics of stroke, for which computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is a viable tool to obtain information. However, a comprehensive study on the accuracy of cerebrovascular CFD models including both transient arterial pressures and flows does not exist. This study systematically assessed the accuracy of different outlet boundary conditions (BCs) comparing CFD modeling and an in-vitro experiment. The experimental setup consisted of an anatomical cerebrovascular phantom and high-resolution flow and pressure data acquisition. The CFD model of the same cerebrovascular geometry comprised five sets of stationary and transient BCs including established techniques and a novel BC, the phase modulation approach. The experiment produced physiological hemodynamics consistent with reported clinical results for total cerebral blood flow, inlet pressure, flow distribution, and flow pulsatility indices (PI). The in-silico model instead yielded time-dependent deviations between 19–66% for flows and 6–26% for pressures. For cerebrovascular CFD modeling, it is recommended to avoid stationary outlet pressure BCs, which caused the highest deviations. The Windkessel and the phase modulation BCs provided realistic flow PI values and cerebrovascular pressures, respectively. However, this study shows that the accuracy of current cerebrovascular CFD models is limited.
Effect of different shapes of steel fibers and palygorskite-nanofibers on performance of ultra-high-performance concrete
Authors: Huang Yingying , Kong Dewen , Li Yi , Zhou Shenghui , Shu Jing , wu Bing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHerein, a practical ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) was created by adding two different shapes of steel fibers and curing them at ambient temperature using palygorskite-nanofiber (PN) as the modifier. The compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption capacity, and porosity were analyzed to determine the effects of the steel fibers and PNs on the UHPC mechanical and physical properties. The steel fibers and PNs were found to improve these properties. The UHPC mechanical properties were outstanding at 1.5% fiber dosage, while physical properties were excellent at 1.0% fiber dosage. The mechanical and physical characteristics of UHPC were preferably at a PN dosage of 0.2% and the fiber dosage of 1.0%. The compressive and flexural strengths of straight-steel-fiber UHPC were 145.57 and 19.67 MPa, respectively, i.e., 42.0 and 109.4% higher than those of the reference specimens (i.e., those without fibers or PNs); the water absorption capacity and porosity decreased by 50.1 and 60.7%, respectively. The compressive and flexural strengths of hooked-end-steel-fiber UHPC were 18.3 and 96.0% higher than those of the reference specimens, respectively, and the water absorption capacity and porosity decreased by 43.2 and 29.8%, respectively. These results could provide vital information for the promotion and practical application of UHPC.
Rational and controllable syntheses of variants of modified N-confused N-fused porphodimethenes and a porphotrimethene with adaptive properties
Authors: Jana Manik , Sahoo Sumit , Kottekad Sanjay , Usharani Dandamudi , Rath Harapriya 
Published: April 2024

Striking compromise between flexibility and rigidity via built-in fused tetra pentacyclic moiety (5.5.5.5): Highly stable meso-aryl substituted core modified N-confused N-fused calix[4]phyrin analogues as selective fluoride ion receptors via deprotonation and/or anion recognition mechanism.
Print-Rich Speech Sound Therapy Sessions: The Theory Behind It and Plans for Implementation
Authors: Moody Mary Allison , Timm-Fulkerson Catherine C. , Westmoreland Jennifer , Dennis Lindsay R. , Farquharson Kelly 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Print knowledge is a powerful predictor of later reading abilities, which are crucial to children's academic success. Children with speech sound disorders (SSDs) are at risk for literacy difficulties. Speech sound therapy is an opportune time to address not only speech sound production but also the connections between speech sounds and their associated letters and letter patterns. This tutorial aims to provide a rich source of evidence to support the use of print and print-referencing in speech sound therapy sessions. We include feasible suggestions for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to facilitate print-rich experiences for children with SSDs. Incorporating orthography into therapy sessions, through activities such as shared book reading, allows SLPs to address speech sound errors while supporting children's literacy development.

Conclusions:
This tutorial provides an overview of the risk of literacy deficits in children with SSDs and describes the theoretical underpinnings of why incorporating print is a powerful learning tool. We expand on the research behind print referencing in preschool classrooms. Finally, we provide detailed examples, including book lists and therapy ideas for a variety of ages, to help SLPs add print referencing to their therapy toolkit.
Disaster scenario optimised link state routing protocol and message prioritisation
Authors: Aliyu Umar , Takruri Haifa , Hope Martin , Gidado Abubakar Halilu , Adamu Hamid Abubakar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNatural and artificial (human‐made) disasters have been steadily increasing all over the world, signifying the importance of providing reliable and energy friendly communication network to survivors in the aftermath of a disaster. On the other hand, low‐battery devices running optimised link state routing (OLSR) protocol often experience quick power failure which restricts their ability to communicate for a necessary period during rescue operations. To extend the lifespans and prioritise message delivery on low‐battery devices, the authors examine disaster scenario optimised link state routing (DS‐OLSR) protocol ALERT message and propose an innovative solution to prioritise messages based on the device battery energy level, leading to more energy conservation, packet delivery as well as better emotional state of survivors. An ALERT message is a novel message type added to mobile ad‐hoc network's (MANET) popular OLSR protocol for energy efficiency. The proposed DS‐OLSR Protocol and Message Prioritisation (DS‐OLSRMP) as an extension of DS‐OLSR modifies the multipoint relay mechanism and uses a prioritisation technique which classify nodes into four priority groups: Critical, High, Medium, and Low priorities. These priority groups help in prioritising both message delivery and message status notifications for devices with low battery energy. The DS‐OLSRMP was implemented in a Network Simulator, version 3.29 and compared with DS‐OLSR, OLSRv1 and OLSRv2. The simulation results show that DS‐OLSRMP performs better than DS‐OLSR, OLSRv1 and OLSRv2 in terms of energy conservation and packets delivery in the simulation of both sparse and dense network scenarios.
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (W. Gams, Crous, M.J. Wingf. & Mugnai) Crous & W. Gams
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (W. Gams, Crous, M.J. Wingf. & Mugnai) Crous & W. Gams Eurotiomycetes: Chaetotyriales: Herpotrichiellaceae Main host: grapevine (
Vitis vinifera
).