bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does ChatGPT Answer Otolaryngology Questions Accurately?
Authors: Maksimoski Matthew , Noble Anisha Rhea , Smith David F. 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveInvestigate the accuracy of ChatGPT in the manner of medical questions related to otolaryngology.MethodsA ChatGPT session was opened within which 93 questions were asked related to otolaryngology topics. Questions were drawn from all major domains within otolaryngology and based upon key action statements (KAS) from clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Twenty‐one “patient‐level” questions were also asked of the program. Answers were graded as either “correct,” “partially correct,” “incorrect,” or “non‐answer.”ResultsCorrect answers were given at a rate of 45.5% (71.4% correct in patient‐level, 37.3% CPG); partially correct answers at 31.8% (28.6% patient‐level, 32.8% CPG); incorrect at 21.6% (0% patient‐level, 28.4% CPG); and 1.1% non‐answers (% patient‐level, 1.5% CPG). There was no difference in the rate of correct answers between CPGs published before or after the period of data collection cited by ChatGPT. CPG‐based questions were less likely to be correct than patient‐level questions (p = 0.003).ConclusionPublicly available artificial intelligence software has become increasingly popular with consumers for everything from story‐telling to data collection. In this study, we examined the accuracy of ChatGPT responses to questions related to otolaryngology over 7 domains and 21 published CPGs. Physicians and patients should understand the limitations of this software as it applies to otolaryngology, and programmers in future iterations should consider giving greater weight to information published by well‐established journals and written by national content experts.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:4011–4015, 2024
The widespread keeping of wild pets in the Neotropics: An overlooked risk for human, livestock and wildlife health
Authors: Romero‐Vidal Pedro , Blanco Guillermo , Barbosa Jomar M. , Carrete Martina , Hiraldo Fernando , Pacífico Erica C. , Rojas Abraham , Bermúdez‐Cavero Alan O. , Díaz‐Luque José A. , León‐Pérez Rodrigo , Tella José L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Zoonoses constitute a major risk to human health. Comprehensive assessments on the potential emergence of novel disease outbreaks are essential to ensure the effectiveness of sanitary controls and to establish mitigating actions.

Through a continental‐scale survey of rural human settlements conducted over 13 years in 15 Neotropical countries, we document the vast extent of poaching to meet the local demand for pets, resulting in thousands of families living with ca. 275 species of wild animals without any sanitary controls. Parrots account for ca. 80% of wild pets, dying mostly from diseases at an average age of 1 year.

This culturally rooted tradition, which dates back to pre‐Columbian times, may lead to health risks by bringing wild animals prone to carrying parasites and pathogens into close contact with humans and their exotic pets and livestock.

Although animal pathogens and parasites have been transmitted to humans for centuries, the current trend of human population growth and connectivity can increase the risk of zoonotic outbreaks spreading at an unprecedented pace. Similarly, disease transmission from humans and poultry to wild animals is also expected to be facilitated via wild pets, leading to conservation problems.

Several studies have highlighted the risk posed by wildlife city markets for cross‐species disease transmission, ignoring the risk associated with widespread pet ownership of wild animals poached locally in rural areas. Given its geographic and social dimensions, a holistic approach is required to reduce this illegal activity as well as to strengthen health surveillance of seized individuals and people in close contact with poached pets, which would benefit both people and wildlife.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The behaviours of different carnivore and livestock species shape spatial patterns of human–carnivore conflict
Authors: Kuiper Timothy , Macdonald David , Sibanda Lovemore , Mathe Liomba‐Junior , Mahdlamoto Daphne , Loveridge Andrew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Understanding the ecological and human factors that shape the loss of livestock to wild carnivores can help target conservation efforts.

We used 5 years of livestock depredation records (2009–2013, n = 1147) alongside Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, to investigate how spatial patterns vary by carnivore and livestock species.

Dominant patterns across all species and seasons included an increased likelihood of depredation closer to protected areas (core carnivore habitat) and in more open areas closer to human settlements (where livestock are most abundant). Lions were less likely than spotted hyenas to attack livestock further from protected areas, while goat and donkey depredation was more concentrated around homesteads compared to cattle depredation. Leopards were more likely than other predators to attack livestock in areas of higher human density and nearer water sources, likely reflecting their preference for goats and sheep which generally remain near homesteads unless taken to watering holes.

Carnivores make trade‐offs between attacking livestock where it is most available (near human settlements) and where the risk of detection and retaliation by humans is lower (nearer protected areas, in more wooded habitats, and further from human activity).

These results have helped target local mitigation strategies. They may also inform human–wildlife conflict mitigation at other sites globally by highlighting the need to understand species‐specific differences in conflict patterns and tailor solutions accordingly.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Australian physiotherapists' knowledge and views on the relationship between climate change, health, and physiotherapy
Authors: Chi Linya , Boucaut Rose , Li L. S. Katrina , Fryer Caroline E. , Kumar Saravana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeClimate change is an important issue for the health of communities globally and the conduct of health care practice. Little is currently known about the knowledge and views of Australian physiotherapists in relation to the issue of climate change. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate Australian physiotherapists' views on, and practice in relation to, climate change and its effects on health.MethodsA quantitative cross‐sectional study using a modified version of a published survey was undertaken. Using a comprehensive distribution strategy, the survey (23 questions) was disseminated through professional associations, networks of the research team and social media. Data were summarized descriptively.ResultsOne hundred and thirty physiotherapists accessed the final survey. Ninety‐five surveys were eligible for analysis. 90.4% of participants were certain about the existence of climate change. 79.6% of participants thought that climate change was already impacting their patients' health, but only 19.4% of participants felt “very knowledgeable” about the health impacts of climate change. Main barriers to addressing climate change with patients were identified as lack of time and knowledge. 77.2% of participants indicated support for receiving education on climate change and health as continuing professional education. 70.9% of participants agreed that their professional association had a significant advocacy role in climate change and health.ConclusionAustralian physiotherapists are witnessing the impact of climate change and support strategies to mitigate it. These strategies can be implemented at an individual level (e.g., further physiotherapy training) and at a professional organizational level (e.g., guidance from professional associations).
Indonesia's sustainable development goals in relation to curbing and monitoring the illegal wildlife trade
Authors: Nijman Vincent , Abdullah Abdullah , Adinda Esther , Ardiansyah Ahmad , Campera Marco , Chavez Jessica , Dewi Tungga , Hedger Katherine , Imron Muhammad Ali , Shepherd Chris R. , Sukmadewi Desak Ketut Tristiana , Wirdateti Wirdateti , Nekaris K. A. I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIndonesia has committed to implement the sustainable development goals (SDG) by 2030 including the ending trafficking of protected species and addressing the illegal wildlife demand and supply. As such, there is a need for long‐term data on wild animal trade and its contribution to the wider economy. We initiated a long‐term monitoring programme of live civet trade in wildlife markets (120 surveys, 2010–2023). Civets are traded to be kept as exotic pets and to produce civet coffee and are a proxy for other high‐profile wildlife. We recorded 2289 civets of six species, including ones with strict regulations in place. Despite the trade being illegal, and contra to Indonesia's commitments as part of the SDG to curb this trade, it remained remarkably stable over time (numbers, species, prices). As such, Indonesia is not meeting its SDG targets that are related to curbing illegal wildlife trade and illicit financial flows.
The relative importance of ESG pillars: A two‐step machine learning and analytical framework
Authors: Mashayekhi Bita , Asiaei Kaveh , Rezaee Zabihollah , Jahangard Amin , Samavat Milad , Homayoun Saeid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aims to contribute to the ongoing and inconclusive debates regarding the relative significance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) sustainability key performance indicators and their correlation with overall sustainability performance. We present a unique two‐step analytical framework to leverage Thomson Reuters' ESG Score (ASSET4) database to determine the most impactful ESG pillars and their subcomponents at both the firm and industry levels. This framework integrates the Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC) with K‐means cluster analysis. Through the MEREC‐K‐means framework, we determine the two most noteworthy ESG pillars within various industries, subsequently clustering them to form peer groups for comprehensive comparative analysis. We find that while the social and economic pillars are the two fundamental pillars of ESG performance in all industries in general, this prioritization sometimes differs from industry to industry. This research makes theoretical and practical contributions by introducing a novel dimensionality reduction technique in ESG pillars, offering valuable insights for strategic resource allocation in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability initiatives. The implications of our findings extend broadly to investors, policymakers, and practitioners, empowering them to make more informed decisions.
Why is Superlubricity of Diamond‐Like Carbon Rare at Nanoscale?
Authors: Jang Seokhoon , Colliton Ana G. , Flaih Hind S. , Irgens Eskil M. K. , Kramarczuk Lucas J. , Rauber Griffin D. , Vickers Jordan , Ogrinc Andrew L. , Zhang Zhenxi , Gong Zhenbin , Chen Zhe , Borovsky Brian P. , Kim Seong. H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHydrogenated diamond‐like carbon (HDLC) is a promising solid lubricant for its superlubricity which can benefit various industrial applications. While HDLC exhibits notable friction reduction in macroscale tests in inert or reducing environmental conditions, ultralow friction is rarely observed at the nanoscale. This study investigates this rather peculiar dependence of HDLC superlubricity on the contact scale. To attain superlubricity, HDLC requires i) removal of ≈2 nm‐thick air‐oxidized surface layer and ii) shear‐induced transformation of amorphous carbon to highly graphitic and hydrogenated structure. The nanoscale wear depth exceeds the typical thickness of the air‐oxidized layer, ruling out the possibility of incomplete removal of the air‐oxidized layer. Raman analysis of transfer films indicates that shear‐induced graphitization readily occurs at shear stresses lower than or comparable to those in the nanoscale test. Thus, the same is expected to occur at the nanoscale test. However, the graphitic transfer films are not detected in ex‐situ analyses after nanoscale friction tests, indicating that the graphitic transfer films are pushed out of the nanoscale contact area due to the instability of transfer films within a small contact area. Combining all these observations, this study concludes the retention of highly graphitic transfer films is crucial to achieving HDLC superlubricity.
Unraveling the Electrocatalytic Activity in HMF Oxidation to FDCA by Fine‐Tuning the Degree of NiOOH Phase Over Ni Nanoparticles Supported on Graphene Oxide
Authors: Klinyod Sorasak , Yodsin Nuttapon , Nguyen Mai Thanh , Pasom Zikkawas , Assavapanumat Sunpet , Ketkaew Marisa , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Yonezawa Tetsu , Namuangruk Supawadee , Wattanakit Chularat 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of an efficient electrocatalyst for HMF oxidation to FDCA has been in the early stages. Herein, the NiNPs/GO‐Ni‐foam is fabricated as an electrocatalyst for FDCA production. However, the electrocatalytic performance of the untreated NiNPs/GO‐Ni‐foam is observed with moderate Faradaic efficiency (FE) (73.0%) and FDCA yield (80.2%). By electrochemically treating the NiNPs/GO‐Ni‐foam in an alkaline solution with positive potential at different treatment durations, the degree of NiOOH on metal surfaces is changed. The distinctive electrocatalytic activity obtained when using the different NiOOH degrees allows to understand the crucial impact of NiOOH species in HMF electrooxidation. Enhancing the portion of the NiOOH phase on the electrocatalyst surface improves electrocatalytic activity in terms of FE and FDCA yield up to 94.8±4.8% and 86.9±4.1%, respectively. Interestingly, as long as the NiOOH portion on the electrocatalyst surface is preserved or regenerated, the electrocatalyst performance can be intact even after several catalytic cycles. The theoretical study via density functional theory (DFT) also agrees with the experimental observations and confirms that the NiOOH phase facilitates the electrochemical transformation of HMF to FDCA through the HMFCA pathway, and the potential limiting step of the overall reaction is the oxidation of FFCA to FDCA.
Hedgehog pathway negatively regulated depleted uranium‐induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Xie Xueying , Fu Guoquan , Liu Yuxin , Fan Caixia , Tan Shanshan , Huang Huarong , Yan Junyan , Jin Lifang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDepleted uranium (DU) retains the radiological toxicities, which accumulates preferentially in the kidneys. Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays a critical role in tissue injury. However, the role of Hh in DU‐induced nephrotoxicity was still unclear. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Gli2, which was an important transcription effector of Hh signaling, on DU induced nephrotoxicity. To clarify it, CK19 positive tubular epithelial cells specific Gli2 conditional knockout (KO) mice model was exposed to DU, and then histopathological damage and Hh signaling pathway activation was analyzed. Moreover, HEK‐293 T cells were exposed to DU with Gant61 or Gli2 overexpression, and cytotoxicity of DU as analyzed. Results showed that DU caused nephrotoxicity accompanied by activation of Hh signaling pathway. Meanwhile, genetic KO of Gli2 reduced DU‐induced nephrotoxicity by normalizing biochemical indicators and reducing Hh pathway activation. Pharmacologic inhibition of Gli1/2 by Gant61 reduced DU induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis, ROS formation and Hh pathway activation. However, overexpression of Gli2 aggravated DU‐induced cytotoxicity by increasing the levels of apoptosis and ROS formation. Taken together, these results revealed that Hh signaling negatively regulated DU‐inducted nephrotoxicity, and that inhibition of Gli2 might serve as a promising nephroprotective target for DU‐induced kidney injury.
Intestinal strictures in Crohn's disease: An update from 2023
Authors: Liu Zishan , Huang Zhuoyan , Wang Yu , Xiong Shanshan , Lin Sinan , He Jinshen , Tan Jinyu , Liu Caiguang , Wu Xiaomin , Nie Jing , Huang Weidong , Zhang Yao , Zhou Longyuan , Mao Ren 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to intestinal stricture in nearly 35% of cases within 10 years of initial diagnosis. The unknown pathogenesis, lack of universally accepted criteria, and absence of an effective management approach remain unconquered challenges in structuring CD. The pathogenesis of stricturing CD involves intricate interactions between factors such as immune cell dysbiosis, fibroblast activation, and microecology imbalance. New techniques such as single‐cell sequencing provide a fresh perspective. Non‐invasive diagnostic tools such as serum biomarkers and novel cross‐sectional imaging techniques offer a precise understanding of intestinal fibrostenosis. Here, we provide a timely and comprehensive review of the worthy advancements in intestinal strictures in 2023, aiming to dispense cutting‐edge information regarding fibrosis and to build a cornerstone for researchers and clinicians to make greater progress in the field of intestinal strictures.
Incidence and prognosis of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron strain infection in China: A national multicenter survey of 35,566 individuals
Authors: Liu Meng‐Fan , Ma Rui‐Xia , Cao Xian‐Bao , Zhang Hua , Zhou Shui‐Hong , Jiang Wei‐Hong , Jiang Yan , Sun Jing‐Wu , Yang Qin‐Tai , Li Xue‐Zhong , Sun Ya‐Nan , Shi Li , Wang Min , Song Xi‐Cheng , Chen Fu‐Quan , Zhang Xiao‐Shu , Wei Hong‐Quan , Yu Shao‐Qing , Zhu Dong‐Dong , Ba Luo , Cao Zhi‐Wei , Xiao Xu‐Ping , Wei Xin , Lin Zhi‐Hong , Chen Feng‐Hong , Shan Chun‐Guang , Wang Guang‐Ke , Ye Jing , Qu Shen‐Hong , Zhao Chang‐Qing , Wang Zhen‐Lin , Li Hua‐Bin , Liu Feng , Cui Xiao‐Bo , Ye Sheng‐Nan , Liu Zheng , Xu Yu , Cai Xiao , Huang Wei , Zhang Ru‐Xin , Zhao Yu‐Lin , Yu Guo‐Dong , Shi Guang‐Gang , Lu Mei‐Ping , Shen Yang , Zhao Yu‐Tong , Pei Jia‐Hong , Xie Shao‐Bing , Yu Long‐Gang , Liu Ye‐Hai , Gu Shao‐Wei , Yang Yu‐Cheng , Cheng Lei , liu Jian‐Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the epidemiology of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to COVID‐19 in China.MethodsThis study was conducted by 45 tertiary Grade‐A hospitals in China. Online and offline questionnaire data were obtained from patients infected with COVID‐19 between December 28, 2022, and February 21, 2023. The collected information included basic demographics, medical history, smoking and drinking history, vaccination history, changes in olfactory and gustatory functions before and after infection, and other postinfection symptoms, as well as the duration and improvement status of olfactory and gustatory disorders.ResultsComplete questionnaires were obtained from 35,566 subjects. The overall incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunction was 67.75%. Being female or being a cigarette smoker increased the likelihood of developing olfactory and taste dysfunction. Having received four doses of the vaccine or having good oral health or being a alcohol drinker decreased the risk of such dysfunction. Before infection, the average olfactory and taste VAS scores were 8.41 and 8.51, respectively; after infection, they decreased to 3.69 and 4.29 and recovered to 5.83 and 6.55 by the time of the survey. The median duration of dysosmia and dysgeusia was 15 and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% of patients having symptoms lasting for more than 28 days. The overall self‐reported improvement rate was 59.16%. Recovery was higher in males, never smokers, those who received two or three vaccine doses, and those that had never experienced dental health issues, or chronic accompanying symptoms.ConclusionsThe incidence of dysosmia and dysgeusia following infection with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is high in China. Incidence and prognosis are influenced by several factors, including sex, SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination, history of head‐facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking and drinking history, and the persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Through Media and Digital Literacy Education Towards Civic Participation of Disadvantaged Youth
Authors: Römer Lucie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMedia literacy has been increasingly becoming a prerequisite of full citizen participation. The latter has been shifting, especially among youth, away from the traditional media forms and more and more towards non-conventional ones. For example see the FridaysForFuture movement. The possibility for and abilities to get involved in the public debate are, though, not distributed equally. One of the tools to narrow down the ‘participation gap’ may be in media literacy education (MLE). This chapter presents a participatory action research exploring the possibilities of the MLE for the development of citizen participation of disadvantaged youth. It draws especially on the three-month intervention at the vocational school in the Czech Republic. 17 students aged 17–19 participated in the study in 2019.The volume of both empirical and theoretical research in this field has been growing. However, in the context of central Europe, it is a relatively under researched area. The study was empirically testing a set of characteristics of teaching methods recommended previous studies and concluded, among others, by a recommendation of the holistic approach, long-term projects, blending of the in-the-school- and out-of-the-school-life, and breaching of the school routine. The intervention developed the media competence of the students, while their citizen participation activities’ enhancement remained ambiguous.
Evaluating ‘Meaningful Connectivity’: Digital Literacy and Women in West Bengal, India
Authors: Banerjee Rituparna , Trappel Josef , Van Audenhove Leo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIndia is witnessing a surge in both public-private collaborations and independent initiatives to use technology for ‘national good’. Do such initiatives provide advantages to citizens at grassroots levels in smaller cities or villages? How do we effectively gauge their benefits from the perspectives of their recipients, and evaluate digital literacy initiatives in a situated context? The chapter foregrounds voices of the beneficiaries of Internet-Saathi—a countrywide programme in India supported by Google and the Tata Trusts. It aims to understand how technological access impacts everyday lives of women in a specific, predominantly rural, district, Purulia, in the state of West Bengal. Drawing from in-depth semi-structured interviews with 17 designated ‘Internet Saathis’ between 2016 and 2019, this chapter employs a combination of the Capability Approach (CA) and Choice Framework (CF). This approach privileges processes that nurture substantive freedoms and conscious actions towards women-subjects’ own and others’ empowerment, and their eventual attainment of ‘mattering’. As a concept drawn from social psychology, mattering yields deeper insights into how these women participants perform as both recipients and agents of digital literacy in their immediate and wider environment. This helps to critically evaluate whether diffusion of devices and technologies bring about improved lived experiences, and insights on other barriers that persist.