bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization/American College of Rheumatology provisional criteria for the evaluation of response to therapy in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: Prospective validation of the definition of improvement
Authors: Ruperto Nicolino , Ravelli Angelo , Oliveira Sheila , Alessio Maria , Mihaylova Dimitrina , Pasic Srdjan , Cortis Elisabetta , Apaz Maria , Burgos‐vargas Ruben , Kanakoudi‐tsakalidou Florence , Norambuena Ximena , Corona Fabrizia , Gerloni Valeria , Hagelberg Stefan , Aggarwal Amita , Dolezalova Pavla , Saad Claudia Magalhaes , Bae Sang‐cheol , Vesely Richard , Avcin Tadej , Foster Helen , Duarte Carolina , HerliN Troels , Horneff Gerd , Lepore Loredana , Rossum Marion van , Trail Lucia , Pistorio Angela , Andersson‐Gäre Boel , Giannini Edward H. , Martini Alberto ,   PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL TRIALS ORGANIZATION (PRINTO),   PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY COLLABORATIVE STUDY GROUP (PRCSG)
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo use the Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO) core set of outcome measures to develop a validated definition of improvement for the evaluation of response to therapy in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThirty‐seven experienced pediatric rheumatologists from 27 countries, each of whom had specific experience in the assessment of juvenile SLE patients, achieved consensus on 128 patient profiles as being clinically improved or not improved. Using the physicians' consensus ratings as the gold standard measure, the chi‐square, sensitivity, specificity, false‐positive and false‐negative rates, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and kappa level of agreement for 597 candidate definitions of improvement were calculated. Only definitions with a kappa value greater than 0.7 were retained. The top definitions were selected based on the product of the content validity score multiplied by its kappa statistic.ResultsThe definition of improvement with the highest final score was at least 50% improvement from baseline in any 2 of the 5 core set measures, with no more than 1 of the remaining worsening by more than 30%.ConclusionPRINTO proposes a valid and reproducible definition of improvement that reflects well the consensus rating of experienced clinicians and that incorporates clinically meaningful change in core set measures in a composite end point for the evaluation of global response to therapy in patients with juvenile SLE. The definition is now proposed for use in juvenile SLE clinical trials and may help physicians to decide whether a child with SLE responded adequately to therapy.
Development of classification and response criteria for rheumatic diseases
Authors:   CLASSIFICATION AND RESPONSE CRITERIA SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RHEUMATOLOGY COMMITTEE ON QUALITY MEASURES
Published: June 2006

AbstractRelevance to the clinician. Clinicians already know that not all patients who are diagnosed with rheumatic diseases really have them. Moreover, determining which patients have improved and by how much is also difficult. Classification criteria allow clinical researchers to recruit patients with similar diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus) into studies. Response criteria help to determine whether treatments really work, i.e., whether they actually produce clinically important improvement. As the science of clinical research advances, we must update our standards for considering classification and response criteria. In this editorial, members of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Subcommittee on Classification and Response Criteria describe the purpose of criteria sets, their development and validation, and the role of the ACR in adopting them.
Effect of genipin‐crosslinked chitin‐chitosan scaffolds with hydroxyapatite modifications on the cultivation of bovine knee chondrocytes
Authors: Kuo Yung‐Chih , Lin Chih‐Yu 
Published: June 2006

AbstractChitin and chitosan were hybridized in various weight percentages by genipin crosslinkage under various prefreezing temperatures to form tissue‐engineering scaffolds via lyophilization. In addition, deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the surface of the porous scaffolds was performed by precipitation method to achieve modified chemical compositions for chondrocyte attachments and growths. The experimental results revealed that a lower prefreezing temperature or a higher weight percentage of chitin in the chitin‐chitosan scaffolds would yield a smaller pore diameter, a greater porosity, a larger specific surface area, a higher Young's modulus, and a lower extensibility. Moreover, a higher chitin percentage could also result in a higher content of amine groups after crosslink and a lower onset temperature for the phase transition after thermal treatment. A decrease in the prefreezing temperature from −4°C to −80°C, an increase in the chitin percentage from 20% to 50%, and an increase in the cycle number of alternate immersion for HA deposition from 1 to 5 generated positive effects on the cell number, the content of glycosaminoglycans, and the collagen level over 28‐day cultivation of bovine knee chondrocytes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐Pot Synthesis and Bioapplication of Amine‐Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles and Hollow Nanospheres
Authors: Wang Leyu , Bao Jie , Wang Lun , Zhang Fang , Li Yadong 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTo demonstrate their applications in biological and medical fields such as in immunoassays, magnetic separation of cells or proteins, drug or gene delivery, and magnetic resonance imaging, the template‐free syntheses of water‐soluble and surface functionalized magnetic nanomaterials have become essential and are challenging. Herein, we developed a facile one‐pot template‐free method for the preparation of amine‐functionalized magnetite nanoparticles and hollow nanospheres by using FeCl3⋅6 H2O as single iron source. These magnetic nanomaterials were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, and FTIR technologies. Their magnetic properties were also studied by using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer at room temperature. Then the amine‐functionalized magnetite nanoparticles were applied to immunoassays and magnetic resonance imaging in live mice.
Covalent Microcontact Printing of Proteins for Cell Patterning
Authors: Rozkiewicz Dorota I. , Kraan Yvonne , Werten Marc W. T. , de Wolf Frits A. , Subramaniam Vinod , Ravoo Bart Jan , Reinhoudt David N. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe describe a straightforward approach to the covalent immobilization of cytophilic proteins by microcontact printing, which can be used to pattern cells on substrates. Cytophilic proteins are printed in micropatterns on reactive self‐assembled monolayers by using imine chemistry. An aldehyde‐terminated monolayer on glass or on gold was obtained by the reaction between an amino‐terminated monolayer and terephthaldialdehyde. The aldehyde monolayer was employed as a substrate for the direct microcontact printing of bioengineered, collagen‐like proteins by using an oxidized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp. After immobilization of the proteins into adhesive “islands”, the remaining areas were blocked with amino‐poly(ethylene glycol), which forms a layer that is resistant to cell adhesion. Human malignant carcinoma (HeLa) cells were seeded and incubated onto the patterned substrate. It was found that these cells adhere to and spread selectively on the protein islands, and avoid the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) zones. These findings illustrate the importance of microcontact printing as a method for positioning proteins at surfaces and demonstrate the scope of controlled surface chemistry to direct cell adhesion.
Silica‐Coated Ln3+‐Doped LaF3 Nanoparticles as Robust Down‐ and Upconverting Biolabels
Authors: Sivakumar Sri , Diamente Peter R. , van Veggel Frank C. J. M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe preparation of nearly monodisperse (40 nm), silica‐coated LaF3:Ln3+ nanoparticles and their bioconjugation to FITC–avidin (FITC=fluorescein isothiocyanate) is described in this report. Doping of the LaF3 core with selected luminescent Ln3+ ions allows the particles to display a range of emission lines from the visible to the near‐infrared region (λ=450–1650 nm). First, the use of Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions resulted in green (λ=541 nm) and red (λ=591 and 612 nm) emissions, respectively, by energy downconversion processes. Second, the use of Nd3+ gave emission lines at λ=870, 1070 and 1350 nm and Er3+ gave an emission line at λ=1540 nm by energy downconversion processes. Additionally, the Er3+ ions gave green and red emissions and Tm3+ ions gave an emission at λ=800 nm by upconversion processes when codoped with Yb3+ (λex=980 nm). Bioconjugation of avidin, which has a bound fluorophore (FITC) as the reporter, was carried out by means of surface modification of the silica particles with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, followed by reaction with the biotin–N‐hydroxysuccinimide activated ester to form an amide bond, imparting biological activity to the particles. A 25‐fold or better increase in the FITC signal relative to the non‐biotinylated silica particles indicated that there is minimal nonspecific binding of FITC–avidin to the silica particles.
Survival of interneurons and parallel fiber synapses in a cerebellar cortex deprived of Purkinje cells: Studies in the double mutant mouse Grid2Lc/+;Bax−/−
Authors: Zanjani S. Hadi , Selimi Fekrije , Vogel Michael W. , Haeberlé Anne‐Marie , Boeuf Julien , Mariani Jean , Bailly Yannick J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe Lurcher mutation in the Grid2 gene causes the cell autonomous death of virtually all cerebellar Purkinje cells and the target‐related death of 90% of the granule cells and 60–75% of the olivary neurons. Inactivation of Bax, a pro‐apoptotic gene of the Bcl‐2 family, in heterozygous Lurcher mutants (Grid2Lc/+) rescues ∼60% of the granule cells, but does not rescue Purkinje or olivary neurons. Given the larger size of the cerebellar molecular layer in Grid2Lc/+;Bax−/− double mutants compared to Grid2Lc/+ mutants, we analyzed the survival of the stellate and basket interneurons as well as the synaptic connectivity of parallel fibers originating from the surviving granule cells in the absence of their Purkinje cell targets in the Grid2Lc/+;Bax−/− cerebellum. Quantification showed a significantly higher density of interneurons (∼60%) in the molecular layer of the Grid2Lc/+;Bax−/− mice compared to Grid2Lc/+, suggesting that interneurons are subject to a BAX‐dependent target‐related death in the Lurcher mutants. Furthermore, electron microscopy showed the normal ultrastructural aspect of a number of parallel fibers in the molecular layer of the Grid2Lc/+; Bax−/− double mutant mice and preserved their numerous synaptic contacts on interneurons, suggesting that interneurons could play a trophic role for axon terminals of surviving granule cells. Finally, parallel fibers varicosities in the double mutant established “pseudo‐synapses” on glia as well as displayed autophagic profiles, suggesting that the connections established by the parallel fibers in the absence of their Purkinje cell targets were subject to a high turnover involving autophagy. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:622–635, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gustatory terminal field organization and developmental plasticity in the nucleus of the solitary tract revealed through triple‐fluorescence labeling
Authors: May Olivia L. , Hill David L. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractEarly dietary sodium restriction has profound influences on the organization of the gustatory brainstem. However, the anatomical relationships among multiple gustatory nerve inputs have not been examined. Through the use of triple‐fluorescence labeling and confocal laser microscopy, terminal fields of the greater superficial petrosal (GSP), chorda tympani (CT), and glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves were visualized concurrently in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of developmentally sodium‐restricted and control rats. Dietary sodium restriction during pre‐ and postnatal development resulted in a twofold increase in the volume of both the CT and the IX nerve terminal fields but did not affect the volume of the GSP terminal field. In controls, these nerve terminal fields overlapped considerably. The dietary manipulation significantly increased the overlapping zones among terminal fields, resulting in an extension of CT and IX fields past their normal boundaries. The differences in terminal field volumes were exaggerated when expressed relative to the respective NTS volumes. Furthermore, increased terminal field volumes could not be attributed to an increase in the number of afferents because ganglion cell counts did not differ between groups. Taken together, selective increases in terminal field volume and ensuing overlap among terminal fields suggest an increased convergence of these gustatory nerve terminals onto neurons in the NTS. The genesis of such convergence is likely related to disruption of cellular and molecular mechanisms during the development of individual terminal fields, the consequences of which have implications for corresponding functional and behavioral alterations. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:658–669, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of rabies virus antigen or antibody using flow cytometry
Authors: Vengatesan Dayalan , Raj Gopal Dhinakar , Raja Angamuthu , Ramadass Pachaikani , Gunaseelan Lakshmanaswamy 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground:Rabies is invariably a fatal encephalomyelitis that is considered to be a serious public health problem. Rabies diagnosis must be rapid and conclusive. Detection and quantification of antirabies antibodies is used for assessment of the effectiveness of rabies vaccines. Hence, computer‐automated detection of fluorescence using flow cytometry was attempted to reduce the work time required to undertake the conventional rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT).Methods:Pasteur virus (PV)‐infected mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells were stained with rabies virus antinucleocapsid antibody, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate, and the percentage of infected cells at 24, 48, and 72 h postinfection (PI) was determined using flow cytometry. Serum samples containing known antibody titres estimated by RFFIT in terms of IU/ml were used to neutralize 50 FFD50 dose of PV. The percentage of MNA cells infected by the un‐neutralized virus was estimated by flow cytometry. Using the value of the percentage of cells infected in the presence of known negative serum as 100%, the infection inhibition caused by antibodies at each dilution of positive reference serum was calculated and a regression equation generated for the prediction of rabies virus antibody titres in test sera samples as equivalent units per ml (EU/ml).Results:There was a significant increase in the percentage of infected cells between 24 and 48 h PI from 26.45 to 75.28%. The percentage of cells having high side scatter was also highest at 72 h PI (11.11%). Antibody titres predicted by flow cytometry and those estimated by RFFIT as IU/ml showed a correlation coefficient of 0.74.Conclusions:Thus, flow cytometry could be used to detect rabies virus antigen in infected cells and to predict serum antibody titres from a single dilution of serum tested with the potential advantages of automation, rapidity, and lack of subjectivity. It has the potential to replace the time‐tested RFFIT in rabies serology in the years to come. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
2D and 3D Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers from a Flexible Tripodal Ligand of 1,3,5‐Tris(carboxymethoxy)benzene and Bidentate Pyridyl‐Containing Ligands with Three‐, Eight‐ and Ten‐Connected Topologies
Authors: Wang Suna , Xing Hang , Li Yizhi , Bai Junfeng , Pan Yi , Scheer Manfred , You Xiaozeng 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFour novel cadmium(II) coordination polymers, [Cd3(TCMB)2(4,4′‐bipy)(H2O)16]n (1), [Cd3(TCMB)2(bpe)(H2O)13]n (2), [Cd3(TCMB)2(bpe)2(H2O)4]n (3), and [Cd3(TCMB)2(dpp)2(H2O)3]n (4), [TCMB = 1,3,5‐tris(carboxymethoxy)benzene, 4,4‐bipy = (4,4‐bipyridine), bpe = 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane, dpp = 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane] have been hydrothermally synthesized by the self‐assembly of the flexible tripodal acid TCMB and Cd(OAc)2·2H2O with pyridyl‐containing ligands possessing different flexibilities. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the four polymers exhibit novel frameworks due to diverse coordination modes and different conformations of the flexible TCMB as well as pyridyl‐containing ligands. Complex 1 shows a unique twofold parallel interpenetrating 2D honeycomb network structure with an unusual 63 topology, in which two different large hexagonal rings are arranged alternately, with extraordinarydimensions of ca. 22.172(6) × 12.947(2) Å (A) and 17.233(2) × 12.947(2) Å (B) based on the distances of the atoms at the opposite positions of the rings. Complex 2 is almost isostructural to complex 1, except that the bidentate bpe ligands bridge the cadmium centers in an anti conformation, rendering the network more flexible. Complex 3 features a 3D network with one of the scarce eight‐connected (46, 614, 88)(43)2 topologies based on the rare CdI2‐type layer constructed from secondary building units (SBUs) of rare [Cd3(CO2)4]2– isosceles triangle cadmium clusters. Complex 4 possesses distorted CdI2‐type layers constructed from unprecedented ten‐connected Cd3 clusters which are linked by more flexible dpp ligands in a trans‐gauche (TG) conformation in (4,4) networks, leading to another 3D framework of the unusual (418, 624, 83)(43)2 topology. Such an arrangement represents the highest connected topology presently known for the frameworks. Among them, complex 1 displays photoluminescent properties at 460 nm due to the ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A New Access to Chiral Phospholanes
Authors: Dubrovina Natalia V. , Jiao Haijun , Tararov Vitali I. , Spannenberg Anke , Kadyrov Renat , Monsees Axel , Christiansen Andrea , Börner Armin 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe hydrogenation of 5‐oxo‐5H‐5λ5‐dibenzophosphol‐5‐ol gives, almost quantitatively, only one geometric isomer of 5‐oxododecahydro‐5λ5‐dibenzophosphol‐5‐ol (2). An X‐ray structure analysis confirmed the formation of a meso isomer with a 4aβ,5aβ,9aβ,9bβ configuration (2a). Another possible way to get 2a is the hydrogenation of (4aβ,5aβ)‐5‐oxo‐2,3,4,4a,5,5a,6,7,8,9‐decahydro‐1H‐5λ5‐dibenzophosphol‐5‐ol (11), which is easily available starting from cyclohexanone. Highly selective epimerization has been achieved using LDA as base at elevated temperature. Resolution of 2e was achieved by salt formation with (R)‐(+)‐ and (S)‐(–)‐N‐benzyl‐α‐methylbenzylamine to give (+)‐ and (–)‐(4aα,5aβ,9aβ,9bβ)‐5‐oxododecahydro‐5λ5‐dibenzophosphol‐5‐ol. The geometry of 2e was confirmed by X‐ray structure analysis. Reduction of (+)‐ or (–)‐2e gave diastereomeric phospholanes (4aα,5R/S,5aβ,9aβ,9bβ)‐dodecahydrodibenzophosphole (1a), which were oxidized to the corresponding secondary phosphane oxides (SPOs) (4aα,5R/S,5aβ,9aβ,9bβ)‐dodecahydrodibenzophosphole 5‐oxide (1b). These phosphanes and phosphane oxides were used as ligands and preligands, respectively, in the Rh‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of benchmark substrates, where up to 79 % ee have been achieved. B3LYP density functional calculations reveal that among the three possible epimers at the 4aC‐ and 5aC‐positions thechiral isomer (4aα,5aβ,9aβ,9bβ)‐5‐oxododecahydro‐5λ5‐dibenzophosphol‐5‐ol (2e) is 3.52 kcal mol–1 more stable than the related meso isomer 2a in Gibbs free energy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Transannular Cyclization of Epoxycaryophyllenes Catalyzed by TiIII: An Efficient Synthesis of Tricyclo[6.3.0.02,5]undecanes
Authors: Barrero Alejandro F. , Herrador M. Mar , Quílez del Moral José F. , Arteaga Pilar , Sánchez Elena M. , Arteaga Jesús F. , Piedra Maria 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe transannular cyclization of epoxycaryophyllenes 2–7 catalyzed by TiIII has been investigated. This cyclization led to alcohols 8–15, all of them possessing a tricyclo[6.3.0.02,5]undecane skeleton. All of these compounds present pleasant aromatic properties. The cyclization takes place with high yields (> 80 %) and via the αα or ββ conformation of the intermediate radical I. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Nucleophilic Ring‐Opening of Azetidinium Ions: Insights into Regioselectivity
Authors: Couty François , David Olivier , Durrat François , Evano Gwilherm , Lakhdar Sami , Marrot Jérome , Vargas‐Sanchez Monica 
Published: June 2006

AbstractEnantiopure azetidinium salts presenting various and representative substitution patterns at C‐2, C‐3 and C‐4 have been prepared by alkylation of the corresponding azetidine with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate. These compounds were treated with an array of nitrogen (azide anion or benzylamine) and oxygen (acetate anion or alkoxides) nucleophiles which provided interesting insights into the regioselectivity of the ring‐opening process. Nucleophilic opening occurred in most cases regioselectively at C‐4 with azetidinium ions possessing no substituent at this position. On the other hand, highly regioselective opening at C‐2 occurred with trisubstituted azetidinium ions bearing a methyl group at C‐4. Experimental selectivities together with DFT calculations have allowed a better understanding of the parameters governing the regioselectivities. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
MALDI‐TOF/TOF de novo sequence analysis of 2‐D PAGE‐separated proteins from Halorhodospira halophila, a bacterium with unsequenced genome
Authors: Samyn Bart , Sergeant Kjell , Memmi Samy , Debyser Griet , Devreese Bart , Van Beeumen Jozef 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBecause protein identifications rely on matches with sequence databases, high‐throughput proteomics is currently largely restricted to those species for which comprehensive sequence databases are available. The identification of proteins derived from organisms with unsequenced genomes mainly depends on homology searching. Here, we report the use of a simplified, gel‐based, chemical derivatization strategy for de novo sequence analysis using a MALDI‐TOF/TOF mass spectrometer. This approach allows the determination of de novo peptide sequences of up to 20 amino acid residues in length. The protocol was applied on a proteomic study of 2‐D PAGE‐separated proteins from Halorhodospira halophila, an extremophilic eubacterium with yet unsequenced genome. Using three different homology‐based search algorithms, we were able to identify more than 30 proteins from this organism using subpicomole quantities of protein.