bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALTA: a simple nutritional prognostic score for patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Song Rui , Wang Xiaohao , Li Zhao , Wu Hongyu , Tan Jiahe , Tan Junyi , Li Hanlu , Zeng Teng , Ren Hong , Chen Zhiwei 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundMalnutrition, despite being a common complication, is often neglected in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). The objective of this study was to develop a simplified nutritional prognostic score to accurately predict mortality in HBV-ACLF patients.MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective study, clinical data from 530 HBV-ACLF patients were used to create a new prognostic score, which was then validated in two external cohorts (n = 229 and 248).ResultsFour independent factors were significantly associated with 28-day mortality in HBV-ACLF patients, forming a novel prognostic score (ALTA score = 0.187 × age—0.849 × lymphocyte count—2.033 × total cholesterol—0.148 × albumin—0.971). Notably, the AUROC of ALTA score for 28/90-day mortality (0.950/0.967) were significantly higher than those of three other ACLF prognostic scores (COSSH-ACLF II, 0.864/0.734; MELD, 0.525/0.488; MELD-Na, 0.546/0.517; all P &lt; 0.001), and three known nutritional scores (CONUT, 0.739/0.861; OPNI, 0.279/0.157; NRS-2002, 0.322/0.286; all P &lt; 0.001). The prediction error rates of ALTA score for 28-day mortality were significantly lower than COSSH-ACLF II (7.3%), MELD (14.4%), MELD-Na (12.7%), CONUT (9.0%), OPNI (30.6%), and NRS2002 (34.1%) scores. Further classifying ALTA score into two strata, the hazard ratios of mortality at 28/90 days were notably increased in the high-risk groups compared to the low-risk group (15.959 and 5.740). These results were then validated in two external cohorts.ConclusionALTA, as a simplified nutritional prognostic score for HBV-ACLF, demonstrates superiority over the COSSH-ACLF II and other scores in predicting short-term mortality among HBV-ACLF patients. Therefore, it may be used to guide clinical management, particularly in primary care settings.
Caring for hearts and minds: a quality improvement approach to individualized developmental care in the cardiac intensive care unit
Authors: Butler Samantha C. , Rofeberg Valerie , Smith-Parrish Melissa , LaRonde Meena , Vittner Dorothy J. , Goldberg Sarah , Bailey Valerie , Weeks Malika M. , McCowan Sarah , Severtson Katrina , Glowick Kerri , Rachwal Christine M. 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionInfants with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at high risk for developmental differences which can be explained by the cumulative effect of medical complications along with sequelae related to the hospital and environmental challenges. The intervention of individualized developmental care (IDC) minimizes the mismatch between the fragile newborn brain's expectations and the experiences of stress and pain inherent in the intensive care unit (ICU) environment.MethodsA multidisciplinary group of experts was assembled to implement quality improvement (QI) to increase the amount of IDC provided, using the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP), to newborn infants in the cardiac ICU. A Key Driver Diagram was created, PDSA cycles were implemented, baseline and ongoing measurements of IDC were collected, and interventions were provided.ResultsWe collected 357 NIDCAP audits of bedside IDC. Improvement over time was noted in the amount of IDC including use of appropriate lighting, sound management, and developmentally supportive infant bedding and clothing, as well as in promoting self-regulation, therapeutic positioning, and caregiving facilitation. The area of family participation and holding of infants in the CICU was the hardest to support change over time, especially with the most ill infants. Infants with increased medical complexity were less likely to receive IDC.DiscussionThis multidisciplinary, evidence-based QI intervention demonstrated that the implementation of IDC in the NIDCAP model improved over time using bedside auditing of IDC.
Phage-antibiotic combinations in various treatment modalities to manage MRSA infections
Authors: Loganathan Archana , Bozdogan Bulent , Manohar Prasanth , Nachimuthu Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a significant challenge in the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Phage-antibiotic combination therapy is now being utilized as a preferred therapeutic option for infections that are multi-drug resistant in nature.Methods: In this study, we examined the combined impact of the staph phage vB_Sau_S90 and four antibiotics on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We conducted experiments on three different treatment sequences: a) administering phages before antibiotics, b) administering phages and antibiotics simultaneously, and c) administering antibiotics before phages.Results: When the media was supplemented with sub-inhibitory concentrations of 0.25 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL, the size of the plaque increased from 0.5 ± 0.1 mm (in the control group with only the phage) to 4 ± 0.2 mm, 1.6 ± 0.1 mm, and 1.6 ± 0.4 mm when fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin, and oxacillin were added, respectively. The checkerboard analysis revealed a synergistic effect between the phages and antibiotics investigated, as indicated by a FIC value of less than 0.5. The combination treatment of phages and antibiotics demonstrated universal efficacy across all treatments. Nevertheless, the optimal effectiveness was demonstrated when the antibiotics were delivered subsequent to the phages. Utilizing the Galleria mellonella model, in vivo experiments showed that the combination of phage-oxacillin effectively eliminated biofilm-infected larvae, resulting in a survival rate of up to 80% in the treated groups.Discussion: Our findings highlight the advantages of using a combination of phage and antibiotic over using phages alone in the treatment of MRSA infections.
Using societal conditional regard to cope with drug use in the ultraorthodox community and the unintended consequences
Authors: Itzhaki-Braun Yael , Gavriel-Fried Belle 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionA developing theoretical framework for the investigation of tight cultures’ reaction toward members who violate communal norms is societal conditional regard (SCR).MethodsUsing a qualitative interpretive approach, in the current study we investigated the way the Ultraorthodox Jewish community uses SCR to cope with substance use disorders (SUDs), which considered to be a norms violation in closed religious communities. We did so by drawing on in-depth interviews with 14 young men from the Ultraorthodox community in Israel who were diagnosed as having an SUD and were in recovery.Results(a) The community’s socialization process, educating its members to lead a life that is the only right one; (b) The community’s use of God as the one whose love and regard are conditional; (c) The SCR emotional and behavioral practices used by the community toward individuals who violate norms, and (d) How, paradoxically, the use of SCR may eventuate in the initiation of drug use, and within the community itself.DiscussionFindings are discussed in the context of self-determination theory and SCR, and shed light on how tight cultures cope with the threat of deviation of communal norms. Implications for intervention and policy are outlined.
Effects of self-efficacy on frontal midline theta power and golf putting performance
Authors: Yu Chien-Lin , Kao Cheng-Wei , Wu Jia-Hao , Hung Eric , Chang Wei-Chun , Yang Ren-Ting , Wang Kuo-Pin , Hung Tsung-Min 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionSelf-efficacy (SE), defined as an individual's belief in their ability to complete a task, is linked to top-down attentional control, influencing motor performance in sports. Although the behavioral effects of SE are well-documented, there is a lack of research on the mechanisms through which SE affects sports performance. Our research aims to elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie the impact of self-efficacy on sports performance. Specifically, we intend to explore the effects of low and high SE on frontal midline theta (Fmθ) activity, associated with sustained top-down attention, and on motor performance.MethodsWe recruited thirty-four professional golfers to perform 60 putts, during which their electroencephalographic activity was monitored. SE levels were assessed using a visual analog scale from 0 to 10 before each putt, with scores categorized into higher or lower SE based on each golfer's individual average score.ResultsPaired t-tests indicated that trials with higher SE scores had a higher putting success rate than those with lower SE scores (53.3% vs. 46.7%). Furthermore, trials associated with higher SE scores exhibited lower Fmθ activity compared to those with lower SE scores (4.49 vs. 5.18).DiscussionOur results suggest that higher SE is associated with reduced top-down attentional control, leading to improved putting performance. These findings support Bandura's theory of SE, which suggests that the effects of efficacy beliefs are mediated by cognitive, motivational, emotional, and decision-making processes. This study sheds light on the intermediate processes of SE by examining its impact on the anticipation of outcomes, sports performance, and attentional control prior to putting.
A review of strategies and levels of community engagement in strengths-based and needs-based health communication interventions
Authors: Stover Jesse , Avadhanula Laxmisupriya , Sood Suruchi 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundCommunity engagement is key in health communication interventions that seek to incorporate community voices in their planning and implementation. Understanding what approaches and strategies are currently being used can help tailor programs in different social and cultural contexts. This review explores needs-based and strengths-based approaches and consensus and conflict strategies in community-based global health communications programs. Our objective is to examine the current state of the field, outline lessons learned, and identify gaps in existing programming to help guide future interventions.MethodsPubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles published between 2010 and 2023. Studies were included if they described a community-based health communication intervention and an ongoing or completed implementation. Interventions were coded then categorized according to their level of community engagement and as single, hybrid, or complex, depending upon the number of approaches and strategies used.ResultsThe search yielded 678 results and 42 were included in the final review and analysis. A vast majority 34 (81.0%) interventions utilized a needs-based approach and 24 (57.1%) utilized a strengths-based approach. Consensus as a strategy was utilized in 38 (90.5%) of the manuscripts and 9 (21.4%) implemented a conflict strategy. Interventions that combined approaches and strategies were more likely to leverage a higher level of community engagement.ConclusionThese results showcase the complicated nature of global health communication program planning and implementation. There is a lack of interventions that use conflict as a strategy to empower communities to act on their own behalf, even when at odds with existing power structures. Complex interventions that include all approaches and strategies demonstrate the potential for global health communication interventions to be at the cutting edge of public health practice.
The influence of early diet quality on the mental health of college students: the mediation effects of height and qi-deficiency
Authors: Wang Xinzhu , He Xinyu , Fu Kaixian , Zhang Yuxia 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundIn China, the prevalence of mental health issues among college students is a significant concern in society. This study aims to investigate the impact of early dietary quality on the psychological well-being of college students and elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which these effects occur, specifically focusing on height and qi-deficiency as mediators according to Chinese traditional medicine (CTM).MethodsA total of 655 college students were surveyed in October 2023 using paper-pencil-based questionnaires at four second-tier universities in Sichuan Province. The assessment included mental health, height, and qi-deficiency. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analyses were employed to examine the mediation model and test the hypotheses.ResultsThe college students exhibited acceptable levels of early diet quality (M = 3.72) and mental health (M = 3.63), while also presenting mild qi-deficiency symptoms (M = 2.25). Their average height was measured at 164.61 cm. Early diet quality demonstrated significant associations with mental health (r = 0.38, p &lt; 0.01), height (r = 0.32, p &lt; 0.01), and qi-deficiency (r = −0.32, p &lt; 0.01). Mental health displayed correlations with height (r = 0.32, p &lt; 0.01) and qi-deficiency (r = −0.49, p &lt; 0.01). The results of linear regression analyses revealed significant associations between early diet quality and mental health (β = 0.31, p &lt; 0.01), height (β = 0.21, p &lt; 0.01), as well as qi-deficiency (β = −0.26, p &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, when early diet quality was included in the regression model, both height (β = 0.21, p &lt; 0.01) and qi-deficiency (β = −0.35, p &lt; 0.01) emerged as significant mediators in the relationship with mental health.ConclusionThe mediation model and hypotheses were strongly supported, demonstrating that early diet quality exerted an influence on the mental health of college students through two distinct pathways: height and qi-deficiency. Moreover, the mediating effect of qi-deficiency was found to be more pronounced than that of height in the relationship between early diet quality and mental health among college students.
An assessment of the perceptual elements of urban streets based on the context of urban tourism - The case of Sheffield
Authors: Huang Siqi 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundAfter COVID-19, more and more travelers are more inclined to walk in cities, and the sensory elements of streets can have a significant impact on urban tourism. Local residents and travelers have different perceptions of the street and preferences for its use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyse the streets from the perspective of locals and travelers.MethodIn this study, a questionnaire was designed to obtain local residents' and travelers' evaluations of the sensory elements of the street and a quadrant analysis of the street's sensory elements was carried out using the IPA-Kano model.ResultsThe results of the study show that travelers are particularly concerned about maps and signage guidance, while local residents are more concerned about the green environment of the surroundings and how well it is maintained.ConclusionThere is a difference in the indicators chosen by the two groups in the results of the comparison between locals and travelers, and this study is hoped to provide some data support for future urban managers and designers to learn from and refer to for street improvements and renewal.
RE-AIM for rural health innovations: perceptions of (mis) alignment between the RE-AIM framework and evaluation reporting in the Department of Veterans Affairs Enterprise-Wide Initiatives program
Authors: Chasco Emily E. , Van Tiem Jennifer , Johnson Nicole , Balkenende Erin , Steffen Melissa , Jones DeShauna , Friberg Julia E. , Steffensmeier Kenda , Moeckli Jane , Arora Kanika , Rabin Borsika Adrienn , Reisinger Heather Schacht 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Office of Rural Health (ORH) supports national VA program offices' efforts to expand health care to rural Veterans through its Enterprise-Wide Initiatives (EWIs) program. In 2017, ORH selected Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM), an implementation science framework, to structure the EWI evaluation and reporting process. As part of its mandate to improve EWI program evaluation, the Center for the Evaluation of Enterprise-Wide Initiatives conducted a qualitative evaluation to better understand EWI team' perceptions of, and barriers and facilitators to, the EWI evaluation process.MethodsWe conducted 43 semi-structured interviews with 48 team members (e.g., evaluators, program office leads, and field-based leads) representing 21 EWIs from April-December 2020. Questions focused on participants' experiences using strategies targeting each RE-AIM dimension. Interviews were inductively analyzed in MAXQDA. We also systematically reviewed 51 FY19-FY20 EWI annual reports to identify trends in misapplications of RE-AIM.ResultsParticipants had differing levels of experience with RE-AIM. While participants understood ORH's rationale for selecting a common framework to structure evaluations, the perceived misalignment between RE-AIM and EWIs' work emerged as an important theme. Concerns centered around 3 sub-themes: (1) (Mis)Alignment with RE-AIM Dimensions, (2) (Mis)Alignment between RE-AIM and the EWI, and (3) (Mis)Alignment with RE-AIM vs. other Theories, Models, or Frameworks. Participants described challenges differentiating between and operationalizing dimensions in unique contexts. Participants also had misconceptions about RE-AIM and its relevance to their work, e.g., that it was meant for established programs and did not capture aspects of initiative planning, adaptations, or sustainability. Less commonly, participants shared alternative models or frameworks to RE-AIM. Despite criticisms, many participants found RE-AIM useful, cited training as important to understanding its application, and identified additional training as a future need.DiscussionThe selection of a shared implementation science framework can be beneficial, but also challenging when applied to diverse initiatives or contexts. Our findings suggest that establishing a common understanding, operationalizing framework dimensions for specific programs, and assessing training needs may better equip partners to integrate a shared framework into their evaluations.
Exploring experiences of HIV care to optimize patient-centred care in Conakry, Guinea: a qualitative study
Authors: Kolié Delphin , Guillard Etienne , Sow Abdoulaye , Manet Hawa , Camara Bienvenu Salim , Bigirimana Théophile , Harouna Mamane , Delamou Alexandre 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionStudies on the organisation of care and the power dynamic between providers and patients with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa are rare. This study aims to describe the patient-provider relationship and explore the challenges to optimal and patient-centred care for HIV patients.MethodsThis was a qualitative exploratory descriptive study using in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions. In total, 17 individual interviews and 5 focus group discussions were conducted. This was conducted in four urban health facilities in Conakry, the capital of Guinea. Three group of participants were included in this study namely patients with HIV; health providers including facilities and services managers; and psychosocial counsellors. Psychosocial counsellors provide emotional and psychosocial support to HIV patients. Their role in the organization care in Guinea is new and they contribute to strengthening adherence of patients with HIV to ARV treatment.ResultsPatients with HIV, health providers, and psychosocial counsellors have a positive perception of the patient-provider relationship. This relationship was characterized essentially by maintaining confidentiality of HIV status disclosure, caring attitudes towards patients (being available, adjusting locations for accessing ART, based on patients’ preferences), and participating in HIV patient’s social life. However, scolding and miscommunication about the interpretation of viral load tests were reported. The shortage of human resources, low salaries of health staff, poor infrastructure, and the financial burden borne by patients with HIV impede the implementation of optimal patient-centred care.ConclusionIntegrating psychosocial counsellors in HIV care organization, improving access to ARV, infrastructure, increasing human resources, and removing the financial burden for HIV patients are needed to optimal patient-centred care in Guinea.
he Question of Possible Participation of the British Military Mission in Siberia in Carrying Out of the Coup on November 18th, 1918 and to the Rise of A.V. Kolchak to Power
Authors: Гагкуев Р.Г. 
Published: April 2024

Анализируется вопрос возможного участия Британской военной миссии в Сибири во главе с генералом А. Ноксом в подготовке и проведении переворота 18 ноября 1918 г. в результате которого была установлена власть верховного правителя России А. В. Колчака. Рассмотрены введенные к настоящему времени источники по теме, а также отечественная и зарубежная историография, касающаяся этого вопроса. Особое внимание уделено свидетельствам офицеров Французской военной миссии в Сибири, ее начальника генерала М. Жанена в формировании версии о британском заговоре и роли генерала Нокса и его офицеров в перевороте.
The question of possible participation of the British military mission in Siberia headed by General A. Knox in the preparation and carrying out of the coup on November 18, 1918 as a result of which the power of the supreme ruler of Russia A.V. Kolchak was established is analysed. The sources introduced to date on the subject, as well as domestic and foreign historiography concerning this issue are considered. Particular attention is paid to the testimonies of officers of the French military mission in Siberia, its chief, General M. Janin in the formation of the version of the British conspiracy and the role of General Knox and his officers in the coup d'état.
Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an Metode Tilawati di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ma’arif Pagerwojo
Authors: Supriyanto Eko Budi , Nisak Nur Maslikhatun 
Published: April 2024

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi dan mendeskripsikan implementasi Pembelajaran Al-Qur'an dengan Metode Tilawati di MI Ma'arif Pagerwojo. Metode Tilawati diterapkan dengan fokus pada pengulangan dan intonasi dalam membaca Al-Qur'an dengan harapan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman, penghafalan, dan keterampilan membaca peserta didik. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MI Ma'arif Pagerwojo telah melaksanakan metode Tilawati dengan sungguh-sungguh. Guru-guru terlibat secara aktif dalam memberikan pengajaran, mengaplikasikan pengulangan, dan memberikan bimbingan terhadap intonasi pembacaan. Peserta didik menunjukkan respon positif dan antusiasme yang tinggi terhadap metode ini, meningkatkan motivasi mereka untuk membaca dan menghafal Al-Qur'an. Meskipun demikian, terdapat beberapa tantangan seperti manajemen waktu dan bimbingan yang intensif untuk peserta didik tertentu. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting terhadap pemahaman mengenai efektivitas metode Tilawati dalam konteks pembelajaran Al-Qur'an di MI Ma'arif Pagerwojo. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan panduan bagi pengembangan kurikulum dan metode pembelajaran Al-Qur'an yang lebih efektif di lembaga pendidikan Islam serupa.</p>