bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Markers of bone metabolism during short-term administration of thyroxine in healthy volunteers
Authors: Frevert Ernst U , Biester Anja , Müller Manfred J , Schmidt-Gayk Heinrich , von zur Mühlen Alexander , Brabant Georg 
Published: December 2008

Frevert EU, Biester A, Müller MJ, Schmidt-Gayk H, von zur Mühlen A, Brabant G. Markers of bone metabolism during short-term administration of thyroxine in healthy volunteers. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:145–9. ISSN 0804–4643.
We investigated the influence of L-thyroxine (L-T4) treatment over 3 weeks on biochemical markers of bone turnover in 12 healthy young men (age 25.6 ± 1.4 years, BMI: 22.6 ± 2.5 kg/m2). Serum parameters indicating bone formation [bone Gla protein (BGP), carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP)] and bone resorption [cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and the urinary excretion of pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr)] were measured before and after three weeks of treatment with 300 μg L-T4/d. T3 and T4 significantly increased and TSH decreased to almost undetectable levels even when measured with a third generation TSH assay. Markers of bone formation showed variable responses with a small but significant increase in BGP but not in PICP or BAP. In contrast, all parameters of bone resorption increased significantly with a good correlation between D-Pyr excretion and the serum parameter ICTP (r = 0.78, p < 0.0001). These changes in bone-turnover markers were not necessarily paralleled by comparable increments of other markers of tissue thyrotoxicosis (SHBG, pulse rate, VO2), suggesting a variability in tissue sensitivity. These rapid responding parameters, especially in the easily obtainable serum parameter ICTP, might be valuable tools in the evaluation of several states of thyroxine excess.
G Brabant, Dept. Klinische Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, D-30 623 Hannover, Germany
Evidence of oestradiol-induced changes in gonadotrophin secretion in men with feminizing Leydig cell tumours
Authors: Kuhn Jean Marc , Duranteau Lise , Rieu Max A , Lahlou Najiba , Roger Marc , Luton Jean Pierre 
Published: December 2008

Kuhn JM, Duranteau L, Rieu MA, Lahlou N, Roger M, Luton JP. Evidence of oestradiol-induced changes in gonadotrophin secretion in men with feminizing Leydig cell tumours. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:160–6. ISSN 0804–4643
To study the sex steroid-gonadotrophin relationship, plasma oestradiol (E2), testosterone and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced (100 μg iv) gonadotrophin response were measured in 42 male partners of infertile couples with normal sperm count (group I) and in 21 men with Leydig cell tumour (LCT, group II) in which a basal evaluation was repeated after tumour removal. Plasma free α-subunit (FAS), immunoreactive α-inhibin and luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse analysis were assessed in 10 LCT before and in six of them after surgery. Testosterone was significantly (p < 0.01) lower whereas E2 was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in group II than in group I. Gonadotrophin data were similar in both groups. The mean FAS was higher in group II than in group I and α-inhibin was higher than the normal range in 6/10 LCT. In group II, E2 levels were significantly (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with testosterone, FSH, GnRH-induced gonadotrophin rise and LH pulse amplitude but not frequency. Significant (p < 0.001) changes were observed after surgery: E2 and α-inhibin fell; testosterone, LH and FSH rose; whereas FAS did not change significantly. The LH pulse amplitude but not frequency increased significantly (p < 0.05). In conclusion E2 oversecreted by LCT decreased LH and testosterone levels concomitantly. The GnRH-induced gonadotrophin level rose and the LH pulse amplitude decreased when the plasma E2 level rose, whereas the pulse frequency remained unaffected. A concomitant increase in α-inhibin and E2 is likely to be responsible for the drop in plasma FSH levels. These data support an action of excessive amounts of E2 at pituitary level, perhaps by decreasing the sensitivity of gonadotrophs to GnRH.
JM Kuhn, Service d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital de Bois Guillaume, 147 avenue du Maréchal Juin, 76230 Bois Guillaume, France
Aldosterone response to adrenocorticotrophin and furosemide in primary aldosteronism after prolonged spironolactone treatment
Authors: Yagi Atsuko , Ichikawa Shuichi , Sakamaki Tetsuo , Ono Zempei , Sato Kunio , Nakamura Tetsuya , Sakamoto Hironosuke , Murata Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2008

Yagi A, Ichikawa S, Sakamaki T, Ono, Z, Sato K, Nakamura T, Sakamoto H, Murata K. Aldosterone response to adrenocorticotrophin and furosemide in primary aldosteronism after prolonged spironolactone treatment. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:215–20. ISSN 0804–4643
We evaluated the effects of prolonged spironolactone treatment on aldosterone secretion in patients with primary aldosteronism. The patients were hospitalized and underwent a furosemide test with or without dexamethasone, as well as an adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) test. In untreated patients, neither plasma renin activity (PRA) nor plasma aldosterone showed a response in the furosemide test. In patients receiving spironolactone, furosemide increased significantly both the PRA and the plasma aldosterone concentration (from 2.6±0.8 to 7.0±2.0 μg·1−1 · h−1 (p < 0.05) and from 345.6 ± 55.8 to 492.7 ± 76.8 ng/l (p < 0.05), mean ± sem, respectively). Dexamethasone administration had no effect on the results of the furosemide test (p > 0.1). However, dexamethasone tended to decrease the basal plasma aldosterone concentration in the untreated patients, but not in the patients receiving spironolactone. In the ACTH test, the plasma aldosterone concentration increased significantly in the untreated patients (from 549.0± 69.8 to 1169.3 ± 165.5 ng/l, p <0.01), 0.01), but there was no significant aldosterone response in the spironolactone-treated patients (from 885.5 ± 204.9 to 1260.3 ± 289.2 ng/l, p> 0.1). We conclude that aldosterone secretion is mainly dependent on ACTH in the untreated patients with primary aldosteronism and is more strongly regulated by the renin–angiotensin system during spironolactone treatment.
Atsuko Yagi, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371, Japan
Pheochromocytoma expressing adrenocorticotropin and corticotropin-releasing hormone; regulation by glucocorticoids and nerve growth factor
Authors: Liu Jianqi , Heikkilä Päivi , Voutilainen Raimo , Karonen Sirkka-Liisa , Kahri Arvi I 
Published: December 2008

Liu J, Heikkilä P, Voutilainen R, Karonen S-L, Kahri AI, Pheochromocytoma expressing adrenocorticotropin and corticotropin-releasing hormone; regulation by glucocorticoids and nerve growth factor. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:221–8. ISSN 0804–4643
A pheochromocytoma from a 59-year-old woman was found to be immunoreactive to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), chromogranin, neurofilament-200, neuron-specific enolase and S-100 protein. Northern blot analysis showed that both proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) genes were expressed in the pheochromocytoma but not in the surrounding adrenal cortex. In primary culture, the POMC and CRH mRNAs were increased by dexamethasone (500 μg/l for 3 days) up to 10- and 15-fold of the control, respectively. The secretion of ACTH also was stimulated eightfold with the same treatment. The stimulatory effect of dexamethasone on POMC gene expression was inhibited 70% by nerve growth factor (NGF, 200 μg/l), 30% by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA, 160 nmol/l) (a protein kinase-C activator) and 30% by (Bu)2cAMP (1 mmol/ 1). On the other hand, NGF alone increased the CRH mRNA accumulation up to 10-fold, and further enhanced the stimulatory effect of dexamethasone on the CRH mRNA twofold, and TPA inhibited (30%) the dexamethasone-induced CRH mRNA accumulation. Furthermore, the conditioned medium of the pheochromocytoma cells increased secretion of corticosterone fourfold in the primary culture of rat fetal adrenal cells. Our results indicate abnormal expression and regulation of POMC and CRH genes in this pheochromocytoma.
Arvi I Kahri, Department of Pathology, PO Box 21 (Haartmaninkatu 3), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
Effect of tumor necrosis factor-α on the expression of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 in mouse osteoblasts
Authors: Scharla Stephan H , Strong Donna D , Mohan Subburaman , Chevalley Thierry , Linkhart Thomas A 
Published: December 2008

Scharla SH, Strong DD, Mohan S, Chevalley T, Linkhart TA. Effect of tumor necrosis factor-α on the expression of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 in mouse osteoblasts. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:293–301. ISSN 0804–4643
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a cytokine produced by immune cells, which has multiple effects on bone cells and is therefore thought to mediate changes in bone metabolism occurring during inflammation. In the present study we have investigated the effect of TNF-α on the secretion of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein 4 (IGFBP-4) by clonal mouse osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells) using subconfluent in vitro cultures and serum-free conditions. The IGF-I was determined by radioimmunoassay under conditions eliminating the interference of IGFBPs. Treatment of MC3T3-E1 cultures with TNF-α for 24 h resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in IGF-I secretion (maximally to 34 ± 9.7% of control with 60 pmol/l TNF-α; mean ± sd). The TNF-α treatment also resulted in decreased messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of IGF-I at 4 and 24 h, as detected by Northern analysis. Because basal secretion of IGFBPs is very low in MC3T3-E1 cells, effects of TNF-α on IGFBP secretion were studied in cultures in which IGFBP-4 expression was increased by calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) treatment. The presence of TNF-α (600 pmol/l) inhibited this calcitriol-induced stimulation of IGFBP-4 mRNA levels from 4 h onwards, with complete inhibition of the calcitriol effect occurring at 24 h. We also observed a dose-dependent inhibition of calcitriol-stimulated IGFBP-4 secretion into the culture medium (as detected by Western ligand blot), with the maximal inhibition occurring with 600 pmol/l TFN-α to 25 ± 7% of control levels. These TNF-α effects were not prevented by indomethacin treatment, suggesting that they are not dependent on prostaglandins. The DNA synthesis was reduced to 62 ± 8% of the control value by 600 pmol/l TNF-α. We conclude that secretion of IGFs and IGFBPs by osteoblasts can be modulated by TNF-α, which in turn may be responsible for some of the known effects of TNF-α on osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation.
Stephan H Scharla, Klinik am Kurpark, Schussenrieder Strasse 5, D-88326 Anlendorf, Germany
Stage-specific expression of c-myc messenger ribonucleic acid in porcine granulosa cells early in follicular growth
Authors: Sato Asomi , Bo Masaki , Maruo Takeshi , Yoshida Shigeki , Mochizuki Matsuto 
Published: December 2008

Sato A, Bo M, Maruo T, Yoshida S, Mochizuki M. Stage-specific expression of c-myc messenger ribonucleic acid in porcine granulosa cells early in follicular growth. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:319–22. ISSN 0804–4643
In the present study, the expression of c-myc mRNA in porcine granulosa cells harvested from varying follicle stages was analyzed using northern blot hybridization with a c-myc probe, and compared during follicular growth. Northern blot analysis revealed that porcine granulosa cell RNA obtained from small (1–2 mm) follicles contained an abundance of c-myc transcript of 2.4kb, the size of which was identical to the c-myc transcript obtained with human early placental RNA used as the control. In contrast to small-follicle granulosa cell RNA, total RNA preparations from either medium (3–5 mm)-follicle granulosa cells or large (6–11 mm)-follicle granulosa cells exhibited no detectable transcripts with the c-myc probe. These results suggest that expression of c-myc mRNA in porcine granulosa cells is limited only at the early stage of follicular growth. The stage-specific expression of c-myc mRNA in granulosa cells early in follicular growth may play a physiological role in the autonomous growth of immature granulosa cells in early folliculogenesis, seemingly independent of pituitary gonadotropic stimulation.
Takeshi Maruo, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650, Japan
High efficacy of gonadotropin or pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal men
Authors: Kliesch Sabine , Behre Hermann M , Nieschlag Eberhard 
Published: December 2008

Kliesch S, Behre HM, Nieschlag E. High efficacy of gonadotropin or pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal men. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:347–54. ISSN 0804–4643
In order to determine the efficacy of gonadotropin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) therapy in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal men, we performed a retrospective clinical analysis in the outpatient clinic of a University Center for Reproductive Medicine. Twenty-six men with either hypothalamic (idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, N = 6; Kallmann syndrome, N = 8) or pituitary disorders (N = 12) were treated with gonadotropins or GnRH for induction of spermatogenesis in 33 treatment cycles and, additionally, for induction of pregnancy in the female partner in 18 out of 33 cases (12 of 26 patients). Patients were treated with a combination of 1000–2500 IE of human chorionic gonadotropin twice per week and 75–150 IE human menopausal gonadotropin three times per week intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Alternatively, GnRH was administered at doses of 5–20 μg every 120 min subcutaneously to men with hypothalamic disorders. Treatment lasted until sperm appeared in the ejaculate or pregnancy was induced. During therapy, testosterone levels increased into the normal range. Total testicular volumes increased significantly during therapy despite low initial testicular volumes and histories of maldescended testes. Sperm appeared in the ejaculate in 30 of 33 treated patients. Pregnancies occurred in 15 out of 18 cases even with sperm counts far below the normal range. We could not detect differences in the efficacy of gonadotropin or GnRH treatment in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Thus, we conclude that both gonadotropin and pulsatile GnRH therapy are most effective in the induction of spermatogenesis and pregnancies in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal men, despite maldescended testes, low initial testicular volumes or sperm concentrations below the normal limit.
E Nieschlag, Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University, Steinfurter Strasse 107, D-48149 Münster, Germany
Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules in a patient with a thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma: possible cause–effect relationship
Authors: Abs Roger , Stevenaert Achilles , Beckers Albert 
Published: December 2008

Abs R, Stevenaert A, Beckers A. Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules in a patient with a thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma: possible cause–effect relationship. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:355–8. ISSN 0804–4643
A 51-year-old female patient with long-standing hyperthyroidism due to a thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma is reported, who became thyrotoxic again shortly after successful pituitary surgery. Functional testing and scintigraphy suggested the diagnosis of autonomous functioning thyroid nodules, which was confirmed by pathological examination of the resected thyroid tissue. This is the first report revealing the transition from a pituitary-dependent to a thyroid-dependent hyperthyroidism. Autonomous functioning thyroid nodules are, however, considered an intrinsic thyroid defect. In similarity with other disorders, in which trophic hormones may induce an autonomous secretion by the target gland, this report opens the possibility that a humoral factor may play a role in the development of autonomous functioning thyroid nodules.
A Beckers, CHU-B35, Department of Endocrinology, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
Simultaneous assay for three types of thyrotropin receptor antibody activities using FRTL-5 cells in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases
Authors: Zhu Yi , Portmann Luc , Dénéréaz Nicole , Lemarchand-Béraud Thérèse 
Published: December 2008

Zhu Y, Portmann L, Dénéréaz N. Lemarchand-Béraud T. Simultaneous assay for three types of thyrotropin receptor antibody activites using FRTL-5 cells in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:359–68. ISSN 0804–4643
The relationships between the different circulating thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSH-R-abs) in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) are complex. In order to investigate them, we have developed an assay for the simultaneous measurement of three types of TSH-R-abs: TSH-binding inhibiting immunoglobulin (TBII); thyroid-stimulating antibody (TS-ab) and TSH-stimulation blocking antibody (TSB-ab). A large number of patients with Graves' disease (GD)—untreated and treated—Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), primary myxedema (PM) and non-immune goiter (NIG) were investigated. In untreated Graves' patients the frequency of positive TS-ab and TBII sera was found to be 90 and 69%, respectively, the presence of TS-ab and/or TBII being detected in 98%. After long-term antithyroid treatment administered to GD patients, the frequency of positivity of both TBII and TSab was decreased, whether hyperthyroidism was cured or not. The TSB-ab was detected in the serum of 8% of patients with GD, and the frequency of TSB-ab did not increase following treatment and alteration in thyroid function. No significant correlation was found between TSB-ab and thyroid function in Graves' patients. Besides, we found that all the GD patients presenting positive TSB-ab were also TBII positive. A follow-up study of the three TSH-R-abs was performed in 35 patients with GD during a mean of 14.3 ± 8.5 months (4–34 months) of antithyroid drug treatment. Ten out of 24 patients (42%) with positive TBII and 16 out of 32 (50%) with positive TS-ab turned from positive to negative during the time of follow-up. Regarding relapse in hyperthyroid GD, we found that TS-ab was positive in 80% and TBII was positive in 40% of the patients with Graves' relapse, indicating that the presence of TS-ab is a better index for relapse prediction in Graves' hyperthyroidism than TBII. The TSB-ab was found with higher frequency in HT and PM than in GD, i.e. 21%, 18% and 8%, respectively. The TSB-ab positivity was correlated significantly with TBII in our patients with AITD when TSB-ab was positive. This new simultaneous assay of the three TSH-R-abs should be very helpful for further investigation of the autoimmune aspects of AITD and it should help us to progress in a better understanding of the pathogeny of the different AITDs.
Thérèse Lemarchand-Béraud, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital (CHUV), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
Molecular characterization of a cloned human oxytocin receptor
Authors: Kimura Tadashi , Makino Yoko , Saji Fumitaka , Takemura Masahiko , Inoue Tomoko , Kikuchi Tomoyuki , Kubota Yasue , Azuma Chihiro , Nobunaga Toshikatsu , Tokugawa Yoshihiro , Tanizawa Osamu 
Published: December 2008

Kimura T, Makino Y, Saji F, Takemura M, Inoue T, Kikuchi T, Kubota Y, Azuma C, Nobunaga T, Tokugawa Y, Tanizawa O. Molecular characterization of a cloned human oxytocin receptor. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:385–90. ISSN 0804–4643
We describe here the binding and functional properties of a cloned human oxytocin receptor (OTR). We established a transient OTR expression system on COS-1 cells, which do not express vasopressin receptors. With the transfected cells and [3H]oxytocin, the dissociation constant (Kd) of OTR to oxytocin was 6.0 ±1.1 nmol/l; the binding properties of several oxytocin-related peptides were also examined. The functional properties of OTR were determined by an electrophysiological method, using a Xenopus laevis oocyte injected with in vitro transcribed OTR mRNA. These two methods showed that [Phe2,Orn8]vasotocin, a vasopressin agonist, was an OTR antagonist. A combination of these methods using cloned OTR cDNA is a novel and effective method for the investigation of oxytocin-related ligands.
Tadashi Kimura, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565, Japan
Progestin treatment in the dog I. Effects on growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I and glucose homeostasis
Authors: Selman PJ , Mol JA , Rutteman GR , Rijnberk A 
Published: December 2008

Selman PJ, Mol JA, Rutteman GR, Rijnberk A. Progestin treatment in the dog. I. Effects on growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I and glucose homeostasis. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:413–21. ISSN 0804–4643
The effects of two synthetic progestins, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and proligestone (PROL), on the release of growth hormone (GH) and glucose metabolism were studied in two groups of eight ovariohysterectomized dogs. Eight injections of long-acting progestins were administered at 3-week intervals. Recovery was studied in four dogs of each treatment group in the 6 months following cessation of progestin administration. Treatment with both MPA and PROL resulted in similar increases in plasma levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The GH responses to both clonidine and growth hormone-releasing hormone became impaired. In neither treatment group did the elevated plasma GH levels decrease after administration of the synthetic somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995. The size and shape of the pituitary gland were not changed by progestin treatment. After cessation of progestin administration, basal plasma levels of GH and IGF-I did not return to pretreatment values. The GH response to growth hormone-releasing hormone remained impaired for at least 6 months after the last progestin administration. In both treatment groups, glucose homeostasis was sustained initially by increased insulin production. Prolonged treatment with MPA and PROL resulted in glucose intolerance. No amelioration was observed during the recovery period in either group. A small number of dogs developed diabetes mellitus. In more than 50% of the dogs in both treatment groups small mammary tumours developed. The recently discovered local production of GH probably played a role in mammary tumorigenesis. It is concluded that treatment with MPA and PROL results in similar increases in plasma levels of GH and IGF-I and leads to a similar degree of insulin resistance. The elevated GH levels can be neither stimulated nor inhibited, which is a feature compatible with autonomous secretion. These results are consistent with the recent finding of a progestin-induced ectopic production of GH in the mammary gland of the dog.
JA Mol, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, PO Box 80. 154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands