bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE SHARING IN JUDGMENTAL FORECASTING: REGRESSION MODELS AND PERCEPTUAL MEASURE
Authors: Bliemel Friedhelm , Cattin Phillipe 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe committee or group approach is often used where considerable uncertainties have to be handled by skillful judgment. In this paper the authors investigate the subject of influence sharing in judgmental forecasting of commodity prices. They propose a conceptual framework for patterns of influence sharing in groups and for influence roles of individuals. A statistical analysis of the influence of group members on the group forecast leads to inferences about influence pattern and roles in a group.
A MODEL FOR OPTIMIZING FACILITY DESIGN
Authors: Lingaraj B. P. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA chance constrained programming model is developed to arrive at an optimal long‐range design for a manufacturing facility. The determination of process capacities, the amounts of the various types of equipment, and the time‐phasing of the acquisition constitutes facility design in the study. The expected cost is minimised, subject to probabilistic constraints which express the risk associated with demand forecasts. The model is solved by decomposing the deterministic equivalent. The structure of the model enables the solution to be obtained with one iteration. The algorithm is incorporated into a computer code which is applied to the design of a tire plant. The methodology has the potential of extendability to nonmanufacturing systems.
PRODUCTION‐DISTRIBUTION PLANNING IN A LARGE SCALE COMMODITY PROCESSING NETWORK
Authors: Markland Robert E. , Newett Robert J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a methodology for production‐distribution planning in a large scale commodity processing network. Based on earlier research efforts dealing with single‐commodity and multi‐commodity distribution system modeling and on production planning for a single‐plant commodity processing facility, a mathematical programming methodology is developed for a multiplant soybean processing network. Application of the model leads to the specification of a production plan for a multi‐period time horizon, while at the same time indicating the quantities of soybean meal and soybean oil to be supplied to various customers in various locales. Both sets of decisions are made under the general criterion of maximizing the net income produced by the soybean processing complex, subject to various production, inventory, capacity, supply and demand constraints. Test results from application of the model are presented and discussed.
REPORT FREQUENCY AND MANAGEMENT DECISIONS
Authors: Meddaugh E. James 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThere is no theory to prescribe how frequently accounting reports should be issued for management decisions; indeed, one research study could not find evidence that frequency of reports is a variable in the decision process. Accounting reports are discrete aggregations from continuous processes, and frequency affects information content of reports. If frequency affects information, it therefore must be a variable in the decision process. This research investigated the question of whether the report frequency had any effect on evaluations made from accounting reports issued on different intervals. Evidence is presented to support the conclusion that frequency is a factor in the decision process and that decision behavior is affected by the frequency of reports. This report merely demonstrates the existence of the report frequency variable; much more research is necessary to control the variable for optimal system design.
MANAGERIAL USE OF DYNAMIC STRUCTURAL MODELS*
Authors: Buffa Elwood S. , Dyer James S. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTDynamic structural models were introduced as early as 1958 as “Industrial Dynamics, but there has been little managerial use and little response in the academic world. Yet, the basic modeling methods provide an important mode for examining the broad interacting effects of large systems. More recent work appears to make structural and dynamic models understandable and accessible to individuals not trained in the decision sciences. The nature of the modeling methods is such that managers and policy makers in public systems can be involved directly in the model building process. The authors hope that this survey paper may help rekindle interest.
COMPUTER SUPPORTED INSTRUCTION IN STATISTICS: LONG RANGE IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Schneider Kenneth C. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper reports results of a study designed to measure the long‐term impact of computer supported instruction in an introductory business statistics course. Very modest behavioral outcomes were found. Computer supported instruction led to strictly short‐term positive attitudinal change toward computers and their value, strictly long‐term positive attitudinal change toward quantitative methods and their value, and sustained positive attitudinal change toward computers as a teaching aid.
MULTIPLE DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS AND SEVERAL SMALL SAMPLES‐TO SPLIT, COMBINE, OR TREAT SEPARATELY
Authors: Drevs Robert A. , Durand Richard M. , Mattheiss T. H. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a methodology for investigating whether different groups perceived as being similar can be treated as homogeneous and therefore can be effectively combined for Multiple Discriminant Analysis purposes. The consequences of combining heterogeneous groups are explored.
DETERMINING THE APPROPRIATE DISCOUNT RATES IN PURE CAPITAL RATIONING
Authors: Bradley Stephen P. , Frank Ronald S. , Frey Sherwood C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes an interpretation of the pure capital rationing problem as it is faced by many managers in decentralized firms in which budgets serve as the principal means of control. It is argued that the appropriate objective for situations such as these is the maximization of either undiscounted earnings over the planning horizon or total value of the investments at the horizon. When either objective function is used in conjunction with the frequently encountered linear programming models for the capital rationing problem, shadow prices result which give rise to discount rates that will reproduce the optimal solution using discounted cash flow as a criterion. These results are then used as a means for clarifying several confusing and misleading statements that have appeared in the literature.
A LABORATORY STUDY OF INDIVIDUAL SEARCH PATTERNS IN A DECISION‐MAKING SITUATION
Authors: Cecil Earl A. , Lundgren Earl F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of time and probability constraints on the search process in a decision‐making situation. The setting was a behavioral laboratory in which subjects were asked to choose one art print from a selection of 260 prints. The prints were in sets of five for convenience in showing. In the nonconstraint condition, subjects were able to set their own pace in viewing prints and could obtain any print in the whole set that was desired. Under the constraint condition, the time and probability constraints were both operative. Under the time constraint, viewing additional sets required increasing amounts of time. Under the probability constraint, there was a constantly reducing probability—down to a minimum of ten percent—of obtaining an earlier print as more prints were viewed. In comparison to unconstrained subjects, constrained subjects viewed fewer prints and did more rechecking in total while the search was in process.
MULTI‐MACHINE, MULTI‐PRODUCT PRODUCTION SCHEDULING AND INVENTORY CONTROL
Authors: Dhavale Dileep G. , Aggarwal Sumer C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with a multi‐machine, multi‐product lot size determination and scheduling problem. The model developed here considers not only the usual inventory‐related operational cost, but also the costs that depend on under‐ or over‐utilization of available men and machines. It penalizes overtime or idle time at any facility. The solution minimizes the inventory and resource‐related costs and not just inventory costs. A heuristic is developed to determine the solution from the model and to modify it, as necessary, to obtain a conflict‐free, repetitive, and cyclic production schedule for an infinite horizon. Although this model is developed for a manufacturing situation, the words machine, job, and machine shop are used in a symbolic sense, and hence the model can be used in practice in a variety of circumstances.
COMPARATIVE PRODUCT TESTS IN THE CONSUMER DECISION PROCESS: CORRELATES OF USE AND IMPACT ON SATISFACTION *
Authors: Engledow Jack L. , Anderson Ronald D. , Becker Helmut 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInformation inputs are an important determinant of the quality of outcomes in the consumer decision process. This paper reports on an exploratory study that examines the perceived use of Consumer Reports product tests in a specific durable‐product purchase in a nationwide sample of Consumer Reports subscribers. Perceived use of Consumer Reports is found to be related to performance‐oriented shopping, but other situation‐related variables are less likely to be associated with use than the shopper's general confidence in the test reports as an information source. Perceived use of the test reports in this study is associated with higher satisfaction with the products purchased.
ANALYSIS OF A PH.D. PROGRAM VIA GERT MODELING AND SIMULATION
Authors: Taylor Bernard W. , Moore Laurence J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a model developed for the planning and control of a Ph.D. program in business administration at a major southeastern university. The technique employed was network simulation (GERT‐type) which was selected for its capability to incorporate the stochastic nature of the system into the model. Included in the model are all the sequential steps of the Ph.D. program, such as course work, written preliminary exams, oral exams, dissertation and oral defense, as well as the various probabilistic outcomes and feedback loops of the process. The simulation output yields statistical estimates on program duration and probabilities of various outcomes. The model and simulation results can be used by both university administrators and Ph.D. candidates for planning purposes. The model is flexible in that it can be altered to reflect the unique features of Ph.D. programs of most schools.
RESOURCE PLANNING FOR MULTIPLE PROJECTS *
Authors: Lee Sang M. , Park O. E. , Economides S. C. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper is concerned with the estimation of the resource requirements to service multiple projects that use many types of resources. It reports on a systematic procedure to determine the low cost levels of these resources, focusing on the two following characteristics: (1) the comparative cost of standard time to overtime in the utilization of these resources for the economical completion of the projects, and (2) the impact of highly expensive equipment in the determination of the economic levels of the manpower resources that combine with the equipment to form a crew. A numerical example is also presented to illustrate the method.Resource planning is of particular interest in the area of multiproject scheduling, since most of the commonly utilized heuristic solution approaches focus on the allocation of a limited set of available resources. In the corporate strategic planning functions, resource planning is particularly important for capital investment, training and development, and procurement scheduling.
ADVERTISING AND VALUE MAXIMIZATION: AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH *
Authors: Yawitz Jess B. , Connelly Francis J. , Marshall William J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe model developed in this paper is interdisciplinary in that we incorporate the advertising decision into the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) for valuation of risky income streams. The advertising decision involves the purchase of media services whose effects on sales (profit) are hypothesized to vary with general economic activity. As in any asset expansion, the firm purchases an income distribution with a given expected value and covariance with the economy. By consulting the CAPM, we are able to obtain a value for the income distribution associated with the advertising expenditure. By failing to account for both risk and return, those previous studies which have examined the effect of advertising on profit or valuation are, at best, incomplete. We are able to demonstrate the inappropriateness of ranking alternative advertising strategies solely on the basis of expected income.
SOME CONCEPTUAL COMMENTS ON TRUST‐RELEVANT DECISION MAKING: A REACTION TO THE BONOMA AND JOHNSTON PAPER
Authors: Young Jerald W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThree conceptual and methodological issues of the preceding paper by Bonoma and Johnston are identified and discussed. A theoretical integration of interpersonal trust and locus of control is made, and some necessary conditions for an interpersonal trust‐relevant decision‐making situation are pointed out. Implications for the design of future research into trust‐relevant decision making are drawn.
ON PERSONNEL BUDGETING FOR CONTINUOUS OPERATIONS (WITH EMPHASIS ON HOSPITALS)
Authors: Lowerre James M. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper develops an approach for determining staff size when Nj personnel are needed on weekday j, j= 1, 2,…,7. The method explicitly incorporates the fact that staff size will vary with both regular rest policy and fringe‐benefit days. The typical hospital case where N employees are needed weekdays and n on weekends is developed in detail.
APPLICABILITY OF AN OCCUPATIONAL GOAL‐EXPECTANCY MODEL IN PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTING ORGANIZATIONS*
Authors: Dillard Jesse F. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA cognitive goal choice model incorporating goal and expectancy constructs is presented to describe and better understand the occupation‐position choice decision process. The sample consists of 136 public accountants employed by two large CPA firms. The model is tested using within‐subject analysis and a split‐sample validation procedure. The findings suggest that the model is useful in explaining and predicting professional accountants' goal choice behavior.
ON CONSUMER‐ VERSUS FIRM‐LEVEL ANALYSIS OF ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MODEL BUILDING*
Authors: Winer Russell S. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIssues relating to the construction of marketing models are discussed. These include determining the level of aggregation of model construction, specifying the structure of the model, and the aggregation level of data to be employed in estimating model parameters. These issues are addressed through specifying and estimating both consumer‐level and firm‐level models and comparing the results. An important conclusion is that inferences about consumer behavior should not be drawn from firm‐level models since aggregation bias may exist.
A DISCRETE‐IN‐TIME PROBABILISTIC INVENTORY MODEL FOR DETERIORATING ITEMS
Authors: Dave Upendra , Jaiswal M. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA probabilistic scheduling‐period inventory model continuous in units and discrete in time is developed for deteriorating items where deterioration is assumed to be a constant fraction of the on‐hand inventory. The model is developed under the conditions of instantaneous delivery and no shortages. An example followed by sensitivity analysis is given to illustrate the derived results.
PORTFOLIO MODELING IN MULTIPLE‐CRITERIA SITUATIONS UNDER UNCERTAINTY: REJOINDER
Authors: Muhlemann Alan Paul , Lockett Alan Geoffrey 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHarrington and Fischer [2] discuss some of the limitations of a model presented by Muhlemann, Lockett, and Gear [8] for the portfolio selection problem in multiple‐criteria situations under uncertainty. They go on to propose integer goal programming and simulation as an alternative solution procedure. The purpose of this note is to critically examine their proposal and to contrast the two approaches. It is shown that the problem is being viewed from different decision‐making standpoints.
Education and Development BIFURCATIONS IN DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Majthay Antal 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe concept of bifurcation in a dynamical system is illustrated through several examples. The elementary catastrophes are equilibrium sets of specific kinds of dynamical systems. The framework of bifurcating dynamical systems is put forward as an alternative to catastrophe theory models. Dynamical systems models require explicit accounting of all their underlying hypotheses. They offer unambiguous answers in return. The fuzzy transition from hypotheses to results so characteristic of the catastrophe theory literature is absent. The method is illustrated using a stock‐market model.
AN APPLIED PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE ECONOMIC LOT SIZES OF MULTIPLE PRODUCTS
Authors: Senju Shizuo , Fujita Seiichi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMarginal analysis is applied to solve the economic production lot‐size problem. Rather than duplicating past research efforts, this paper emphasizes how marginal analysis can be used to reduce the complexity of large problems and to provide a range of near‐optimal solutions. Problem complexity is reduced through a simple grouping procedure while the range of near‐optimal solutions is organized via a simple figure. Finally, the method of selecting from among the solutions under varying conditions is discussed.
USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING FOR PLANNING LIFE INSURANCE PURCHASES*
Authors: Schleef Harold J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper a linear programming model is developed to address problems that arise in estate planning and personal life insurance management. The objective is to maximize net present value resulting from the optimal combination of life insurance and self‐insurance, subject to a budget constraint in each period of a finite horizon. In addition, a death‐benefit requirement must be satisfied in each period. The model is sufficiently flexible to include both term and whole life (cash value) insurance, self‐insurance (alternative investment), policy loans, and buy back (cancellation) amounts in each period. By modifying the budgets and requirements, the model provides useful information related to interest‐adjusted cost and marginal rate of return which can then be used to compare different policies. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the technique.
REPORTING OF MANAGEMENT FORECASTS: AN EIGENVECTOR MODEL FOR ELICITATION AND REVIEW OF FORECASTS
Authors: Jensen Robert E. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIncreasingly, business firms will be disclosing management forecasts in financial reports to investors. Single estimates based on a consensus view (e.g., Delphi estimates) may be used. It seems logical, however, to consider methods that seek formally to derive internally consistent subjective views regarding the sensitivity of assumptions and interacting events on forecasts.The major purpose of this paper is to extend micro‐level cross‐impact analysis to a macro‐level eigenvalue analysis approach that elicits views of the effects of assumptions and interaction events on entire scenarios. Both methods are illustrated and contrasted. They are complementary rather than alternative methods. In particular, each method offers some potential in the development of operational guidelines for elicitation and reporting of management forecasts. In addition, the eigenvalue analysis offers several key advantages that make it potentially useful in preparing entire scenario forecasts.
OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF RECOVERABLE ITEMS*
Authors: Schaefer Margaret K. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAllocation of at most n recoverable items among m demand locations is considered. Items are assumed to be demanded singly and independently and are eventually returned to the demand location. If a stockout occurs, the demand is lost and a penalty corresponding to lost profit is assessed. The allocation that minimizes the sum of expected stockout costs plus holding costs is readily obtained. An example involving allocation of rental cars among outlets is solved in detail.
AN INVESTIGATION OF MOTIVATIONAL BIAS IN SUBJECTIVE PREDICTIVE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS*
Authors: Benson P. George , Nichols Mary Lippitt 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn this paper the problem of conscious motivational bias in the assessment of subjective predictive probability distributions is explored. The primary purpose of this research is to discover how subjects express their bias. Results of an experiment are reported in which subjective distributions were assessed by subjects, first in the absence of a biasing incentive and then in the presence of an incentive to bias upward coupled with an incentive to be “credible.” In the biased task, subjects reported manipulating up to five characteristics of their distribution, such as location, shape, and dispersion. Furthermore, subjects reported using combinations of the characteristics strategically. Dominant strategies included shifting the mode upward and redistributing probability to the left, shifting the mode upward a small amount and redistributing probability to the right, and shifting the mode upward and tightening the distribution. The location of the mode was mentioned first by nearly all subjects, suggesting that they first locate their biased distribution and then manipulate other characteristics to express their bias, need for credibility, and other concerns.
DECISION FLEXIBILITY AND PERCEIVED INFORMATION VALUE*
Authors: Hilton Ronald W. , Swieringa Robert J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the results of an experiment that examined the effects of information evaluators' perceptions of decision flexibility as a determinant of information value. This study suggests that subjects fall into relatively distinct groups that are differentiated by the group members' perceptions of the directionality as well as the magnitude of the effect of decision flexibility on information value. Moreover, subjects' misperceptions of information value reflect individualistic models of information evaluation.
BARGAINING WITH SHARED INFORMATION*
Authors: Chatterjee Kalyan , Ulvila Jacob W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper formulates and analyzes models of two‐party bargaining behavior where each side possesses private information about its preferences that is unavailable to the other. We examine the strategic behavior that bargainers might exhibit when disclosing information either to an arbitrator or to each other. Our results show that when bargaining is over one issue, it is relatively uncomplicated analytically to calculate the optimal strategy, but, despite this, even sophisticated bargainers tend to make wrong assumptions about the behavior of others and to use strategies that are far from optimal. When the bargaining encompasses several factors, computation of optimal strategies becomes very cumbersome and the use of an optimal strategy does not gain a bargainer much over what he could have achieved with truthful revelation. Thus, in theory, truthful revelation is not the best course of action to adopt for a bargainer interested in maximizing individual gain, but in practice the alternatives may involve mistaken assumptions about the behavior of others and may therefore turn out to be inferior to truthful revelation.