bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of exogenous ACTH on serum corticosterone and cortisol concentrations in the Moluccan cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis)
Authors: Walsh M. T. , Beldegreen R. A. , Clubb S. L. , Chen C. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of exogenous adrenocorticortrophic hormone (acth) on the serum corticosterone and cortisol concentrations were determined in 28 mature Moluccan cockatoos (Cacatua moluccensis), a representative of the psittacine species. Birds were randomly assigned to 4 groups (2 acth-treated groups and 2 saline-treated controls). Group I (10 cockatoos [5 males and 5 females]) was given 15IU of acth after blood samples (base line) were taken at 10:00 am. Blood samples were taken again at 30 minutes and 2.5 hours after acth administration. Group II (10 cockatoos) was given similar treatment, but blood samples were taken at 1 and 4 hours after acth was administered. Groups III and IV (each of 4 birds) were given saline solution injections as controls. Blood samples were taken at 30 minutes and 2.5 hours after injection (group III) and at 1 and 4 hours after injection (group IV). All serum samples were analyzed for cortisol and corticosterone.
Serum corticosterone concentration increased significantly (P < 0.01) from base-line levels (26 ng/ml) to 108 ng/ml within 30 minutes after acth was administered. The high values were maintained for 3 hours and then decreased to 40 ng/ml at the end of 4 hours. Male birds seemed to respond to the acth treatment quickly and maintained increased concentration for a shorter period when compared with the responses seen in female birds. Serum cortisol values remained low throughout the experimental period. These results indicate that serum corticosterone was responsive to acth administration, but cortisol was not. In addition, there may be a difference in the responses between male and female members of the species.
A double-protease-resistant variant of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and its ability to induce lactogenic immunity
Authors: Chen Ker-Sang , Kahn Donald E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A virus resistant to 2 major intestinal proteases (trypsin and α-chymotrypsin) was derived from the attenuated Purdue strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Its enzymatic stability was confirmed, in vitro, by exposure to proteolytic enzymes and to porcine intestinal fluids.
Vaccination of 5 seronegative pregnant sows with the variant virus by a series of 2 oral and 1 im inoculations resulted in high titers of neutralizing antibody in serum and colostrum. The mean antibody titer in milk whey decreased 44-fold within 1 week after parturition. At 3 days of age, the 40 pigs delivered by these sows were challenge exposed orally with virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Pigs nursing the 5 vaccinated sows underwent a relatively mild clinical course of illness. The average mortality of these 40 pigs was 33%. Thirty-six pigs which had been raised by 4 nonvaccinated sows had a more severe illness, greater daily weight loss, and higher mortality (92%).
Pathophysiologic effects of experimentally induced Fascioloides magna infection in sheep
Authors: Stromberg B. E. , Conboy G. A. , Hayden D. W. , Schlotthauer J. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pathophysiologic responses of 13 sheep inoculated orally with 100 metacercariae of Fascioloides magna were monitored for 4 months after inoculation. There were no differences in weight gains between these and a number of noninoculated control sheep throughout the experiment. Complete blood cell counts showed an increase only in the absolute number of eosinophils. Serum preparations (2 times a week) from 7 inoculated and 7 noninoculated sheep did not identify any significant changes in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transferase activities. There were no changes in total bilirubin, BUN, creatinine, inorganic phosphorus, calcium, albumin, chloride, potassium, and sodium values. Four months after they were inoculated, all sheep were necropsied, and flukes were recovered. Gross lesions attributed to fluke migration were found in the liver and portal lymph nodes, diaphragm, lungs, kidneys, and spleen. Microscopically, liver lesions in inoculated sheep occurred in the portal areas, veins, and Glisson's capsule and were characterized by both active and chronic forms of inflammation. Abundant infiltrates of eosinophils and plasma cells often marked the portal areas. Endophlebitis, with or without thrombosis, was the predominate vascular lesion. The flukes recovered varied greatly in size (6.5 to 48.0-mm long) and demonstrated some sexual development, but none was sexually mature.
Plasma-glucose concentrations in dogs and cats before and after surgery: Comparison of healthy animals and animals with sepsis
Authors: Hardie Elizabeth M. , Rawlings Clarence A. , George Jeanne W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Various surgical procedures were performed in healthy dogs and cats and in dogs and cats with sepsis. Plasma-glucose concentrations after surgery were usually increased over presurgical values. After surgery, cats had significantly higher plasma-glucose concentrations (P < 0.05) than did dogs. Postsurgical concentrations for healthy dogs were between 100 to 200 mg/dl, whereas the concentrations for dogs with sepsis ranged from 66 to 356 mg/dl. Of 8 dogs with sepsis that developed postsurgical plasma-glucose concentrations of > 150 mg/dl, 4 (50%) died, whereas of 7 dogs with sepsis that developed postsurgical concentrations of < 150 mg/dl, only 1 (14%) died; however, the difference between these 2 mortality percentages was not significant (P = 0.08).
Mechanical properties of three orthopedic wire configurations
Authors: Bloss Charles E. , Caldarise Salvatore G. , Torzilli Peter A. , Arnoczky Steven P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An 18-gauge stainless steel wire was applied to a transverse fracture model to determine the antirotational effectivenesses of cruciate, horizontal mattress, and simple interrupted interfragmentary wire configurations. The number of twists used to tighten the configuration and the distance from the fracture were compared in the cruciate and horizontal mattress patterns. In a 2nd experiment, the compressive forces generated at the fracture by cruciate and horizontal mattress configurations tightened with 1 and 2 twists were determined.
The cruciate configuration was better than the horizontal mattress and simple interrupted configurations in preventing rotation (P < 0.001). Increasing the distance from the fracture line to the wire holes decreased antirotational effectiveness. Tightening the cruciate and horizontal mattress configurations with 2 twists produced significantly greater compressions across the fracture line than did tightening with 1 twist (P < 0.0001).
Persistence of encysted Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of equids fed oocysts
Authors: Dubey J. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirteen 6-month- to 13-year-old equids were each inoculated orally with 10,000 infective Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. The equids remained clinically normal. Equids were euthanatized on postinoculation days 33, 45, 90, 104, 120, 140, 162, 183, 197, 204, 211, 294, and 476. Their tissues were bioassayed for viable oocysts by feeding muscles to Toxoplasma-free cats and by inoculation of pepsin digests of 13 organs into mice. Using mouse inoculation, T gondii was recovered from tissues of the 9 equids euthanatized on each of postinoculation days 33, 45, 120, 140, 183, 197, 211, 294, and 476. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the tongue and intestines of 4 equids, from the heart of 3 equids, from thigh muscles, brain, and heart of 2 equids, and from the eye, lungs, and spinal cord of 1 equid. Muscles from 9 of 13 equids were infectious to cats, as evidenced by feline shedding of oocysts. Results indicate that T gondii can persist in edible tissues of living equids up to 476 days and that non-cooked horsemeat should not be fed to cats or eaten by human beings.
Distribution of staphylococcal species on clinically healthy cats
Authors: Cox Hollis Utah , Hoskins Johnny D. , Newman Susan S. , Turnwald Grant H. , Foil Carol S. , Roy Alma F. , Kearney Michael T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Among 827 isolates derived from 113 clinically healthy cats, 12 species of staphylococci were identified. Staphylococci were isolated from each cat and from 54.9% of the anatomic sites evaluated. A mode of 6 (range = 2 to 11) of the 11 anatomic sites evaluated per cat yielded staphylococci. A mode of 8 (range = 2 to 12) isolates were found per cat. Staphylococcus simulans was the most isolated (43.9% of total) coagulase-negative species. Moreover, S simulans was the most isolated species from each of the 11 sites evaluated and, except for the mouth and haircoat, comprised > 50% of the isolates from each site. Staphylococcus intermedius was the most isolated (13.5% of the total) coagulase-positive species. Three other species (S epidermidis, S xylosus, and S aureus) comprised 32.2% of the isolates, and 7 species (S haemolyticus, S hominis, S hyicus, S capitis, S warneri, and S saprophyticus) comprised 10.4% of the isolates.
Six species (S intermedius [96 of 112 isolates], S haemolyticus [20 of 22], S sciuri [17 of 18], S warneri [10 of 13], S hyicus [10 of 10], and S capitis [7 of 8] were isolated primarily from household cats. Only 1 species, S xylosus (75 of 87), was isolated primarily from cattery cats. Haircoat specimens (n = 452) yielded 508 isolates (61.4% of the total) distributed among all 12 staphylococcal species and included > 50% of the isolates of all species other than S simulans and S sciuri.
A more heterogenous population of staphylococci was isolated from household cats than was isolated from cattery cats.
Gastric emptying of liquids in the dog: Serial test meal and modified emptying-time techniques
Authors: Leib Michael S. , Wingfield Wayne E. , Twedt David C. , Williams Anne R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A serial test meal technique was used in the dog to evaluate the gastric emptying of a liquid test meal. On separate days, a phenol red test meal was placed in the stomach and completely aspirated at different times. A composite representation of the gastric emptying pattern was obtained for each dog, and a set of normative data was generated. Three emptying determinants (emptying time, half-life, and starting index) were calculated. The basic pattern of canine gastric emptying was linear and declined exponentially or as a function of the square root of the gastric volume.
A modified emptying-time technique (mett) correlated well with the serial test meal and a set of normative values was determined. The mett was performed by aspirating test meal from the stomach 30 minutes after instillation. The mett was a simple and inexpensive technique that could be performed in 1 short testing period. With the mett, the half-life of gastric emptying was calculated, using the log of the percentage of retention of test meal; gastric emptying time was calculated, using the square root of the percentage of retention of test meal. Acetylpromazine was shown not to alter gastric emptying of a liquid test meal.
Antileukotoxin antibody produced in the bovine lung after aerosol exposure to viable Pasteurella haemolytica
Authors: Moore R. N. , Walker R. D. , Shaw G. A. , Hopkins F. M. , Shull B. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Experiments were performed to determine the in vivo immunogenicity of Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin. Calves were exposed twice to aerosol mists of viable P haemolytica, using a treatment regimen previously shown to induce a resistant state. Pulmonary lavage fluids and serum samples from these calves were assayed for leukotoxin-neutralizing antibodies. Before aerosol exposure, neutralizing antibody titers were routinely found in serum samples, but were not detectable in pulmonary lavage concentrates before exposure. After aerosol exposure, titers of toxin-neutralizing immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG antibodies were found in pulmonary lavage concentrates and were accompanied by increased serum toxin neutralization titers.
Association of blood cholesterol with occurrence of fat necrosis in cows and tall fescue summer toxicosis in steers
Authors: Stuedemann J. A. , Rumsey T. S. , Bond J. , Wilkinson S. R. , Bush L. P. , Williams D. J. , Caudle A. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Factors associated with fat necrosis in cows and tall-fescue summer toxicosis in steers were studied. In the cow study, fescue pastures were fertilized, using 3 rates of N: high N (703 to 483 kg and 0 kg of N/ha/year from broiler litter in 1972 to 1974 and 1975, respectively), moderate N, and low N (224 and 74 kg of N/ha/yr from NH4NO3, 1972 to 1975, respectively). Bermuda grass pastures were fertilized at 2 rates of N: moderate N and low N (280 and 20 kg of N/ha/year from NH4NO3, 1972 to 1975, respectively). Fat necrosis developed only in cows grazing tall fescue, with an occurrence of 60%, 8%, and 3% for high-N, moderate-N, and low-N pastures, respectively. Cows grazing the high-N fescue, and to some extent those grazing the moderate-N fescue, had clinical signs of summer fescue toxicosis. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were lowest in cattle grazing the high-N fescue, averaging 114 mg/dl, followed by 134 and 127 mg/dl in cattle grazing the moderate-N and low-N fescue, respectively.
Effects of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin, atropine, clonidine, and morphine on chloride efflux from isolated enterocytes
Authors: Ahrens Franklin A. , Panichkriangkrai Warn 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (st) on chloride efflux rate were investigated in 3 fractions of enterocytes isolated in a villus-to-crypt gradient from porcine jejunum. There was no difference in chloride efflux rates between mature and immature cells from controls. Heat-stable enterotoxin significantly increased chloride efflux in all fractions. Morphine inhibited st-augmented secretion in mature enterocytes. Atropine or Clonidine had no effect. Calcium efflux rates and glucose or glutamic acid metabolism were not altered by st. The results indicate that st may stimulate chloride secretion in both villus and crypt cells and that opiates inhibit intestinal secretion by a direct action on villus epithelial cells.
Effect of pretreatment with selenium-vitamin E on monensin toxicosis in cattle
Authors: Van Vleet John F. , Amstutz Harold E. , Rebar Alan H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten female beef calves weighing approximately 180 kg each were allotted to 2 groups of 5 each before they were given (orally) monensin (50 mg/kg of body weight). In group A, the calves were given (im) a commercial selenium-vitamin E (Se-E) preparation (0.25 mg of Se and 17 IU of α-tocopherol/kg of body weight) at 72 and 24 hours before monensin was given. The calves in group B were injected at the 2 times with isotonic saline solution. Clinical signs of monensin toxicosis, including lethargy and recumbency, appeared on day 2 in the calves given the Se-E pretreatment, compared with the onset on day 1 in the saline solution-pretreated calves. All calves in the 2 groups died, but mean survival time was longer in group A (4.4 vs 2.2 days). Lesions of monensin toxicosis were myocardial necrosis, skeletal myonecrosis, pulmonary congestion, and rumenitis. The frequency and severity of the lesions were similar for both groups of calves. The results of the present study indicate that Se-E pretreatment modifies the development of monensin toxicosis in cattle.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of lysozyme extracts of virulent Mycobacterium bovis in guinea pigs and calves
Authors: Hall Michael R. , Thoen Charles O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Extracts of Mycobacterium bovis ATCC 19210 were prepared from cells following treatment with acetone 3 times, ethyl alcohol-ether 3 times (1:1, v/v), and chloroform 3 times. Cells were dried and suspended in 0.05M Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) containing lysozyme (1 mg/50 mg of dried cells). One aliquot of the lysozyme extract was filter-sterilized and 1 aliquot of the lysozyme extract was autoclaved. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses elicited in sensitized guinea pigs, using the filter-sterilized lysozyme extract, were significantly greater than responses elicited using the autoclaved lysozyme extract (P < 0.01). The filter-sterilized lysozyme extract and a purified protein derivative (ppd) of M bovis, at equal protein concentrations, elicited comparable delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in sensitized guinea pigs.
Significant differences were not detected between the mean enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) values on sera collected from calves before exposure to M bovis, using each of the lysozyme extracts or the M bovis ppd (P > 0.05). Significant differences were detected when elisa values obtained using each of the antigens on postexposure serum were compared with elisa values on serum collected from calves before exposure to M bovis (P < 0.01). Differences were not detected in mean elisa values on sera from cattle collected 12 months after exposure to M bovis, using each of the lysozyme extracts or M bovis ppd (P > 0.05); howeve\r, 8 of 8 calves were identified as positive on elisa, using the filter-sterilized lysozyme extract, 7 of 8 calves were positive, using M bovis ppd, and 7 of 8 calves were positive, using the autoclaved lysozyme extract.
Urinary γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in dogs with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Greco Deborah S. , Turnwald Grant H. , Adams Ragan , Gossett Kent A. , Kearney Michael , Casey Harold 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum creatinine concentrations, 24-hour endogenous creatinine clearance, and 24-hour urinary γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (uggt) activity were measured daily in 6 dogs given nephrotoxic dosages of gentamicin (10 mg/kg of body weight) every 8 hours for 10 days. Mean uggt activity was significantly increased by day 5 (P < 0.05) and preceded significant increases in serum creatinine values (> 2.0 mg/dl) observed on day 9. Endogenous creatinine clearance remained within normal limits (2.98 ± 0.96 ml/min/kg) until day 8. Urinalyses performed 8 days after initiation of gentamicin treatment indicated renal tubular damage (granular casts) in 1 of the 6 dogs, and glucosuria in 3 of the 6 dogs. Measurement of uggt activity was a more sensitive and reliable method of assessing acute renal tubular damage induced by gentamicin than were serum creatinine concentrations or 24-hour endogenous creatinine clearance.
Passive protection of segmented swine colonic loops against swine dysentery
Authors: Joens L. A. , DeYoung D. W. , Glock R. D. , Mapother M. E. , Cramer J. D. , Wilcox H. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Swine-ligated loops were used to demonstrate passive protection against swine dysentery. Loops inoculated with immune sera containing complement and with homologous Treponema hyodysenteriae were normal at necropsy. Loops inoculated with heat-inactivated immune sera and heterologous T hyodysenteriae were not protected. Loops inoculated with heat-inactivated immune sera and homologous T hyodysenteriae were partially protected. Positive control loops inoculated with isolate B204 (88%) or B234 (44%) T hyodysenteriae and normal sera developed lesions typical of swine dysentery, whereas negative control loops inoculated with nonexposed sera only were normal.
Modified indirect fluorescent antibody test for the serodiagnosis of Anaplasma marginale infections in cattle
Authors: Montenegro-James Sonia , James Mark A. , Ristic Miodrag 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A modified indirect fluorescence antibody technique was used for the serodiagnosis of Anaplasma marginale infections in cattle. Nonspecific antibodies adherent to infected erythrocytes were removed, using acidic glycine buffer. Evans blue was used as a counterstain.
Microangiography and correlated histology: A research technique for examining renal microcirculation
Authors: Ludders J. W. , Wilson J. W. , Ribble G. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A technique for radiographic delineation of the micro-vasculature of the canine kidney is described.
The renal vasculature was perfused (at a physiologic pressure) with a finely divided barium sulfate. Microangiograms of sagittal renal slices were produced, using a special radiography machine that allows low kilovolt peak, low milliamperage, and exposure times up to 5 minutes. A special high resolution film (800 lines/mm) was used. With this technique, it was possible to delineate interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerular capillaries, and peritubular vessels. The kidney slices prepared for microangiography were undamaged and available for histochemical processing. Thus, the microvascularity was correlated with the histologic appearance of the renal tissues.
Epidemiologie aspects of bovine anaplasmosis in semiarid range conditions of south central Idaho
Authors: Maas J. , Lincoln S. D. , Coan M. E. , Kuttler K. L. , Zaugg J. L. , Stiller D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The prevalance of Anaplasma marginale-infected cows, as determined by use of the modified rapid card agglutination (mrca) test, was measured during a 4-year period (1980-1983). The prevalence of A marginale-infected cows, defined as positive reactors on the mrca test, remained constant (31%-37%). The apparent incidence of A marginale transmission to susceptible cows was approximately 7% from 1980 to 1981, 8% from 1981 to 1982, and no transmission from 1982 to 1983. The occasional mrca-positive cow became negative on the mrca test, and 1 cow was determined to be free of A marginale infection by subinoculation of 100 ml of the cow's blood into a susceptible, splenectomized calf. Dermacentor andersoni, a known vector of A marginale, was often found on the cattle and in their environment. However, A marginale was not transmitted to susceptible, splenectomized calves, using collected ticks. Of 56 calves born to mrca-positive cows, 82% were mrca-positive within the first 3 months of life. These calves converted to mrca-negative status and were determined to be free of A marginale infection by subinoculation of their blood into susceptible, splenectomized calves, indicating the passive transfer of colostral antibodies.
Eosinophilie myositis and muscular sarcocystosis in the carcasses of slaughtered cattle and lambs
Authors: Jensen Rue , Alexander A. F. , Dahlgren R. R. , Jolley W. R. , Marquardt W. C. , Flack D. E. , Bennett B. W. , Cox M. F. , Harris C. W. , Hoffmann G. A. , Troutman R. S. , Hoff R. L. , Jones R. L. , Collins J. K. , Hamar D. W. , Cravans R. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fifty-three bovine and 7 ovine carcasses condemned for having eosinophilic myositis were evaluated. Four (7.3%) of the bovine carcasses had a few, large local lesions in skeletal muscles (category A), and 49 (92.7%) of the bovine carcasses and 7 (100%) of the ovine carcasses had multiple, small, disseminated lesions in tongue, esophagus, heart, diaphragm, or skeletal muscles (category B). Tissue from carcasses of category B were evaluated for bacteria, viruses, selenium, and pathologic changes. Pathogenic bacteria and viruses were not isolated and selenium concentrations were normal. In category B, all carcasses had granulomas; of the 49 bovine carcasses and 7 ovine carcasses, 38 (77.6%) and 7 (100%), respectively, had one or more granulomas with opened dead sarcocysts. The data indicated that opened sarcocysts killed the host myocyte and adjacent myocytes and stroma, thereby initiating granuloma formation.