bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of prognostic factors regarding the outcome after a transurethral resection for symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement
Authors: Seki Narihito , Takei Mineo , Yamaguchi Akito , Naito Seiji 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAimsTo identify preoperative predictive variables regarding treatment outcomes following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) of patients with symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement (BPE).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in 384 patients of 1,397 men who had undergone TURP for symptomatic BPE. All the patients had completed the evaluation of International Prostate Symptom Score (I‐PSS), and quality of life (QOL) index, and had undergone full urodynamics before the surgery. Outcomes were assessed at 12 months after surgery. The association between baseline variables and the improvement in outcome variables was statistically analyzed.ResultsPreoperative urodynamic abnormalities included bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in 315 (82.0%), detrusor underactivity in 91 (23.7%), and detrusor overactivity (DO) in 160 (41.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of DO and a higher degree of BOO were both associated with postoperative improvement both in I‐PSS and the QOL. The initial level of storage symptoms correlated with an improvement in the QOL.ConclusionsThe association between those variables obtained by preoperatively performed urodynamic analysis and the degree of improvement in lower urinary tract symptom and QOL following TURP was statistically elucidated in a large number of patients with symptomatic BPE. A higher degree of baseline BOO positively predicts the postoperative improvement in I‐PSS and QOL, while the baseline DO negatively predict it. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PACAP 38 is involved in the non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic inhibitory neurotransmission in the pig urinary bladder neck
Authors: Hernández Medardo , Barahona María Victoria , Recio Paz , Bustamante Salvador , Benedito Sara , Rivera Luis , García‐Sacristán Albino , Prieto Dolores , Orensanz Luis M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAimsTo investigate the role played by pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 38 (PACAP 38) in the non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmission of the pig urinary bladder neck.MethodsUrothelium‐denuded bladder neck strips were dissected and mounted in organ baths containing a physiological saline solution (PSS) at 37°C and gassed with 5% CO2and 95% O2, for isometric force recording. The relaxations to transmural nerve stimulation (EFS) or PACAP 38 were performed on strips precontracted with 1 µM phenylephrine (PhE). EFS experiments were carried out in the absence and the presence of guanethidine (10 µM), atropine (0.1 µM), and NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine (L‐NOARG, 100 µM), to block noradrenergic neurotransmission, muscarinic receptors, and nitric oxide (NO) synthase, respectively.ResultsEFS (2–16 Hz, 1 ms duration, 20 sec trains, 75 mA current output) evoked frequency‐dependent relaxations which were reduced by the VIP/PACAP receptor antagonist PACAP (6–38) (3 µM), and by the neurotoxin of the capsaicin‐sensitive primary afferents capsaicin (10 µM), and abolished by the neuronal voltage‐activated Na+channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 µM). The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist [Lys1, Pro2,5, Arg3,4, Tyr6]‐VIP (3 µM) failed to modify the EFS‐induced relaxations. PACAP 38 (1 nM–1 µM) induced concentration‐dependent relaxations which were reduced by PACAP (6–38), TTX and by the neuronal voltage‐gated Ca2+channel inhibitor ω‐conotoxin GVIA (ω‐CgTX, 1 µM).ConclusionsThe results suggest that PACAP 38, mainly released from capsaicin‐sensitive primary afferents, is involved in the NANC inhibitory neurotransmission of the pig urinary bladder neck, producing relaxation through neuronal and muscle VIP/PACAP receptor activation. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression analysis of dendritic/Langerhans cells and Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Rust R , Kluiver J , Visser L , Harms G , Blokzijl T , Kamps W , Poppema S , van den Berg A 
Published: May 2006

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a neoplastic disorder that results in clonal proliferation of cells with a Langerhans cell (LC) phenotype. The pathogenesis of LCH is still poorly understood. In the present study, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was applied to LCs generated from umbilical cord blood CD34+ progenitor cells to identify LC‐specific genes and the expression of these genes in LCH was investigated. Besides the expression of several genes known to be highly expressed in LCs and LCH such as CD1a, LYZ, and CD207, high expression of genes not previously reported to be expressed in LCs, such as GSN, MMP12, CCL17, and CCL22, was also identified. Further analysis of these genes by quantitative RT‐PCR revealed high expression of FSCN1 and GSN in all 12 LCH cases analysed; of CD207, MMP12, CCL22, and CD1a in the majority of these cases; and CCL17 in three of the 12 cases. Immunohistochemistry confirmed protein expression in the majority of cases. The expression of MMP12 was most abundant in multi‐system LCH, which is the LCH type with the worst prognosis. This suggests that expression of MMP12 may play a role in the progression of LCH. These data reveal new insight into the pathology of LCH and provide new starting points for further investigation of this clonal proliferative disorder. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical proteomics: Study of a cryogel
Authors: Robert Daniel , Barelli Stefano , Crettaz David , Bart Pierre‐Alexandre , Schifferli Jürg A. , Betticher Daniel , Tissot Jean‐Daniel 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCryoproteins are proteins precipitating at low temperature. Usually, the precipitate contains immunoglobulins (Igs), and are therefore called cryoglobulins. Very rarely, Igs do not precipitate, but, upon cooling, form a gel. Here, we report a case of cryogel observed in a patient presenting with Waldenström's disease. Using proteomic tools, a monoclonal IgM was identified as being the cause of the gel formation. Furthermore, addition of H2O before incubation at 4°C demonstrated that the monoclonal IgM was precipitable as a type I cryoglobulin (hypocryoglobulin).
New preparative procedure for photoluminescent metallopolymers having a biphenyl‐2,2′‐diyl iridium(III) unit bound to a phosphine copolymer ligand
Authors: Koga Yuji , Ueno Keita , Matsubara Kouki 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe first prepared polymer‐bound photoluminescent iridium complexes bearing a cyclometalated 2,2′‐biphenylene ligand via an easy procedure in which the metallopolymer was synthesized by the reaction of a metal precursor with a polymer ligand. The iridium compound, [Ir(cod)(biph)Cl]2 (where cod and biph are 1,5‐cyclooctadiene and biphenyl‐2,2′‐diyl, respectively), was used as the iridium material, and a copolymer built by the radical copolymerization of 4‐styryldiphenylphosphine and methyl methacrylate was employed as the polymer ligand. The obtained metallopolymers were highly crosslinked by iridium atoms forming PIrP bonds. The content of the iridium was experimentally clarified to be in the range of 0.06–0.6 mmol/g of the polymer. Photoluminescence of the iridium polymer in the solid state was observed at 597 nm when the polymer was irradiated at 350 nm. As the Ir content in the copolymer increased to 0.2 mmol/g, the intensity of the luminescence also increased, but more iridium content decreased the intensity. Furthermore, the intensity of the photoluminescence in these photoluminescent polymers depended on the molecular weight of the copolymer ligands. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4204–4213, 2006
High‐efficiency, electrophosphorescent polymers with porphyrin–platinum complexes in the conjugated backbone: Synthesis and device performance
Authors: Zhuang Wenliu , Zhang Yong , Hou Qiong , Wang Lei , Cao Yong 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA series of soluble, conjugated, electrophosphorescent copolymers with (meso‐tetraphenylporphyrinato‐κ4N)platinum(II) (PtTPP) complexes incorporated into the polymer main chain were synthesized through the copolymerization of narrow‐band‐gap monomeric porphyrin–platinum(II) complexes and wide‐band‐gap dialkyl‐substituted fluorene monomers by a modified Suzuki coupling reaction. The study of the photoluminescence decay indicated that poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)‐co‐2,12‐((meso‐tetraphenylporphyrinato‐κ4N)platinum(II))] (PFO–PtTPP) was a triplet emitter. The electroluminescence emission from the fluorene segment was completely quenched for copolymers with PtTPP contents as low as 0.5 mol %. The PFO–PtTPP copolymers emitted deep red light. The device based on the porphyrin–platinum(II) copolymer PFO–5PtTPP (with 5 mol % PtTPP in the copolymer) showed the highest external quantum efficiency of 1.95% with an emission peak at 684 nm in an indium tin oxide/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/polyvinylcarbazole (PVK)/70:30 (w/w) PFO–5PtTPP: 2‐(biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole/Ba/Al device configuration. In comparison with the PFO–PtTPP copolymers synthesized via a postpolymerization metalation route, copolymerization from Pt metal complexes proved to be a more efficient synthetic route for high‐efficiency electrophosphorescent polymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4174–4186, 2006
Preparation and characterization of magnetic polymeric composite particles by miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Lu Shulai , Forcada Jacqueline 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA water‐based magnetite ferrofluid, with an average size of about 10 nm, was prepared in a first step by the chemical coprecipitation of ferrous and ferric salts. Oil‐based styrene (St) magnetite ferrofluid was obtained by the acidification of the water‐based magnetite ferrofluid and the dispersion of the acidified magnetite in St. Magnetic polymeric composite particles (MPCPs) were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization in the presence of the oil‐based St magnetite ferrofluid with hexadecane as a hydrophobe, 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, and sodium dodecyl sulfate as an emulsifier. Methacrylic acid was used as a comonomer, and hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as aid stabilizers subsequently. With the aim of improving the encapsulation degree of magnetite, avoiding pure polymer particles and exposed magnetite particles, and obtaining the narrowest particle size distributions, the encapsulation conditions of magnetite were investigated in detail. The results show that miniemulsion polymerization is an effective method for encapsulating magnetite into a hydrophobic polymer successfully. Exposed magnetite particles and pure polymer particles can be avoided completely by the selection of the appropriate preparation conditions. All the resulting MPCPs exhibited superparamagnetism and possessed some magnetic response. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4187–4203, 2006
Core–shell‐type multiarm star polyethylenimine‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone): Synthesis and guest encapsulation potential
Authors: Liu Huaji , Shen Zhong , Stiriba Salah‐Eddine , Chen Yu , Zhang Wenqin , Wei Liuhe 
Published: May 2006

AbstractNovel multiarm star copolymers with poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) as the arms and hyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI) as the core have been successfully prepared by the tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone (CL) with HPEI used directly as a macroinitiator. Not only primary but also secondary amine groups of HPEI participate in initiating the ring‐opening polymerization of CL with almost 100% initiation efficiency. The average degree of polymerization of the PCL arms can be controlled by the feed ratio of the monomers to the initiating sites. Because of the polarity difference of the PCL arms and HPEI core, the obtained multiarm star polymers display an inverted micellar structure with potential extraction and encapsulation of water‐soluble guests. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4165–4173, 2006
Pesticide exposure assessment in rice paddies in Europe: a comparative study of existing mathematical models
Authors: Karpouzas Dimitrios G. , Cervelli Stefano , Watanabe Hirozumi , Capri Ettore , Ferrero Aldo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA comparative test was undertaken in order to identify the potential of existing mathematical models, including the rice water quality (RICEWQ) 1.6.4v model, the pesticide concentration in paddy field (PCPF‐1) model and the surface water and groundwater (SWAGW) model, for calculating pesticide dissipation and exposure in rice paddies in Europe. Previous versions of RICEWQ and PCPF‐1 models had been validated under European and Japanese conditions respectively, unlike the SWAGW model which was only recently developed as a tier‐2 modelling tool. Two datasets, derived from field dissipation studies undertaken in northern Italy with the herbicides cinosulfuron and pretilachlor, were used for the modelling exercise. All models were parameterized according to field experimentations, as far as possible, considering their individual deficiencies. Models were not calibrated against field data in order to remove bias in the comparison of the results. RICEWQ 1.6.4v provided the highest agreement between measured and predicted pesticide concentrations in both paddy water and paddy soil, with modelling efficiency (EF) values ranging from 0.78 to 0.93. PCPF‐1 simulated well the dissipation of herbicides in paddy water, but significantly underestimated the concentrations of pretilachlor, a chemical with high affinity for soil sorption, in paddy soil. SWAGW simulated relatively well the dissipation of both herbicides in paddy water, and especially pretilachlor, but failed to predict closely the pesticide dissipation in paddy soil. Both RICEWQ and SWAGW provided low groundwater (GW) predicted environmental concentrations (PECs), suggesting a low risk of GW contamination for the two herbicides. Overall, this modelling exercise suggested that RICEWQ 1.6.4v is currently the most reliable model for higher‐tier exposure assessment in rice paddies in Europe. PCPF‐1 and SWAGW showed promising results, but further adjustments are required before these models can be considered as strong candidates for inclusion in the higher‐tier pesticide regulatory scheme. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Detection of resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors in weeds with emphasis on DNA‐based techniques: a review
Authors: Corbett Cheryl‐Ann L , Tardif François J 
Published: May 2006

AbstractResistance to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS) has been increasing at a faster rate than in any other herbicide group. The great majority of these cases are due to various single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the ALS gene endowing target site resistance. Many diagnostic techniques have been devised in order to confirm resistance and help producers to adopt the best management strategies. Recent advances in DNA technologies coupled with the knowledge of sequence information have allowed the development of accurate and rapid diagnostic tests. While whole plant‐based diagnostic techniques such as seedling bioassays or enzyme‐based in vitro bioassays provide accurate results, they tend to be labour‐ and/or space‐intensive and will only respond to the particular herbicides tested, making resolution of cross‐resistance patterns more difficult. Successful DNA‐based diagnosis of ALS inhibitor resistance has been achieved with three main techniques, (1) restriction fragment length polymorphism, (2) polymerase chain reaction amplification of specific alleles and (3) denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography. All DNA‐based techniques are relatively rapid and provide clear identification of the mutations causing resistance. Resistance based on non‐target mechanisms is not identified by these DNA‐based methods; however, given the prevalence of target site‐based ALS inhibitor resistance, this is a minor inconvenience. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Rodenticide grain bait ingredient acceptance by Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) and pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae)
Authors: Salmon Terrell P , Dochtermann Ned A 
Published: May 2006

AbstractVertebrate pest control in California is often accomplished through the use of rodenticide grain baits. These grain baits are composed of steam‐rolled oats (SRO), a toxicant, an indicator dye and an oil combination. A series of tests were performed to determine the effects of various dye and oil formulations on acceptance of grain bait by Norway rats [Rattus norvegicus (Berk)], California ground squirrels [Spermophilus beecheyi (Richardson)] and pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae Eyd & Gerv). Seven different dyes, four oil formulations and clean (untreated) oats were tested for acceptance. The addition of the selected oils and dyes to grain resulted in no significant differences in consumption. This indicates that there is a wide variety of dyes that could be used in the formulation of rodenticides. These alternatives could aid in proper pesticide use, the deterrence of bait consumption by birds and possibly in ingredient adhesion to the finished bait. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Anomalous charge transport in RB12 (R = Ho, Er, Tm, Lu)
Authors: Sluchanko N. , Bogomolov L. , Glushkov V. , Demishev S. , Ignatov M. , Khayrullin Eu. , Samarin N. , Sluchanko D. , Levchenko A. , Shitsevalova N. , Flachbart K. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHigh precision measurements of Hall RH(T) and Seebeck S(T) coefficients have been carried out for the first time on single crystals of rare earth dodecaborides RB12 (R = Ho, Er, Tm, Lu) at temperatures 1.8–300 K. Low temperature anomalies detected on the temperature dependencies of RH(T) and S(T) are associated with antiferromagnetic phase transitions in HoB12, ErB12 and TmB12 compounds. The observed discrepancy between the change of charge carriers' mobility and de‐Gennes factor (g – 1)2 J(J + 1) (J – angular momentum of the 4f shell) in the set of HoB12–TmB12 allows us to conclude about the appreciable influence of spin fluctuations on the charge transport in these compounds with B12 atomic clusters. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The protein fraction of Phyllanthus niruri plays a protective role against acetaminophen induced hepatic disorder via its antioxidant properties
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rajesh , Sil Parames C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective action of the protein fraction of Phyllanthus niruri against acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. The partially purified protein fraction of P. niruri was injected intraperitoneally in mice either prior to (preventive) or after the induction of toxicity (curative). Levels of different liver marker enzymes in serum and different antioxidant enzymes, as well as lipid peroxidation in total liver homogenates were measured in normal, control (toxicity induced) and P. niruri protein fraction‐treated mice. P. niruri significantly reduced the elevated glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the sera of toxicity induced mice, compared with the control group. Lipid peroxidation levels were also reduced in mice treated with P. niruri protein fraction compared with the APAP treated control group. Among the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione–S‐transferase (GST) levels were restored to almost normal levels compared with the control group. P. niruri treatment also enhanced reduced hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels caused by APAP administration. The results demonstrated that the protein fraction of P. niruri protected liver tissues against oxidative stress in mice, probably acting by increasing antioxidative defense. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic design of the integrated multivariate EPC and multivariate SPC charts
Authors: Yang Ling , Sheu Shey‐Huei 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe goal of engineering process control (EPC) is to minimize variability by adjusting some manipulative process variables. The goal of statistical process control (SPC) is to reduce variability by monitoring and eliminating assignable causes of variation. As suggested by Box and Kramer and others, it is possible to reduce both special cause and common cause variations by integrating EPC and SPC. In the integrated multivariate EPC (MEPC) and multivariate SPC (MSPC) charts, we propose some statistical and economic criteria, such as the average Euclidean distance from the target vector and the average quality cost (AQC) to evaluate the performance of the MEPC/MSPC charts. The traditional average run length (ARL), average Euclidean distance and AQC of three MSPC charts are investigated and compared. The results of the simulations show that the MEPC/MGWMA chart is more effective and more economical than both the MEPC/MEWMA chart and the MEPC/Hotelling multivariate chart in detecting small shifts of the mean vector. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using economically designed Shewhart and adaptive ―X charts for monitoring the quality of tiles
Authors: Nikolaidis Yiannis , Rigas George , Tagaras George 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper presents the economic design of ―X control charts for monitoring a critical stage of the main production process at a tile manufacturer in Greece. Two types of ―X charts were developed: a Shewhart‐type chart with fixed parameters and adaptive charts with variable sampling intervals and/or sample size. Our prime motivation was to improve the statistical control scheme employed for monitoring an important quality characteristic of the process with the objective of minimizing the relevant costs. At the same time we tested and confirmed the applicability of the theoretical models supporting the economic design of control charts with fixed and variable parameters in a practical situation. We also evaluated the economic benefits of moving from the broadly used static charts to the application of the more flexible and effective adaptive control charts. The main result of our study is that, by redesigning the currently employed Shewhart chart using economic criteria, the quality‐related cost is expected to decrease by approximately 50% without increasing the implementation complexity. Monitoring the process by means of an adaptive ―X chart with variable sampling intervals will increase the expected cost savings by about 10% compared with the economically designed Shewhart chart at the expense of some implementation difficulty. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A change point method for linear profile data
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud A. , Parker Peter A. , Woodall William H. , Hawkins Douglas M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe propose a change point approach based on the segmented regression technique for testing the constancy of the regression parameters in a linear profile data set. Each sample collected over time in the historical data set consists of several bivariate observations for which a simple linear regression model is appropriate. The change point approach is based on the likelihood ratio test for a change in one or more regression parameters. We compare the performance of this method to that of the most effective Phase I linear profile control chart approaches using a simulation study. The advantages of the change point method over the existing methods are greatly improved detection of sustained step changes in the process parameters and improved diagnostic tools to determine the sources of profile variation and the location(s) of the change point(s). Also, we give an approximation for appropriate thresholds for the test statistic. The use of the change point method is demonstrated using a data set from a calibration application at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.