bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality and the predisposition(s) to bipolar disorder: heuristic benefits of a two‐dimensional model
Authors: Murray Greg , Goldstone Eliot , Cunningham Everarda 
Published: August 2007

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to model normal personality correlates of the predisposition(s) to bipolar disorder (BD), and in so doing explore the proposition that the tendency to bipolar depression [trait depression (T‐Depression)] and the tendency to mania [trait mania (T‐Mania)] can usefully be viewed as separable but correlated dimensions of BD predisposition.Methods:  A well student sample (n = 176, modal age 18–25 years, 71% female) completed the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised and the General Behavior Inventory.Results:  A good‐fitting model (normed χ2 = 0.60, significance of χ2 = 0.73) was identified in which T‐Depression was determined solely by neuroticism, while T‐Mania was determined by extraversion and (negative) agreeableness. The pathway from T‐Depression to T‐Mania was also significant (standardized regression weight = 0.80), with a weaker significant reciprocal path (coefficient = 0.27). A model in which bipolar vulnerability was represented as a single dimension (T‐Bipolarity) also provided a good fit to the data, but provided less heuristic power.Conclusions:  Predisposition to BD can be usefully understood in terms of two reciprocally related dimensions of vulnerability (T‐Depression and T‐Mania), which can be separated on the basis of their personality correlates.
Stability of self‐esteem in bipolar disorder: comparisons among remitted bipolar patients, remitted unipolar patients and healthy controls1
Authors: Knowles Rebecca , Tai Sara , Jones Steven H , Highfield Julie , Morriss Richard , Bentall Richard P 
Published: August 2007

Objectives:  Changes in beliefs about the self are a central feature of bipolar disorder, with grandiose self‐belief common in mania and low self‐esteem evident in periods of depression. We investigated whether unstable self‐esteem is a characteristic of bipolar disorder in remission.Methods:  We compared 18 patients with DSM‐IV bipolar disorder in remission, 16 patients with unipolar disorder in remission, and 19 healthy controls. The primary measure was a diary kept for one week and completed twice each day, measuring self‐esteem and positive and negative affect. We also administered Winters and Neale's (J Abnorm Psychol 1985; 94: 282–290) implicit measure of attributional style.Results:  Whereas mean levels of self‐esteem and affect were not abnormal in the remitted bipolar patients, the bipolar patients showed strong fluctuations in these processes. In common with the unipolar patients, they also showed a pessimistic attributional style on the Pragmatic Inference Task (PIT).Conclusions:  Instability of self‐esteem and affect is present in bipolar patients, even when their symptoms are in remission, and has previously been found in people at genetic risk of the disorder. It may be a marker of vulnerability to the disorder.
Three times more days depressed than manic or hypomanic in both bipolar I and bipolar II disorder1
Authors: Kupka Ralph W , Altshuler Lori L , Nolen Willem A , Suppes Trisha , Luckenbaugh David A , Leverich Gabriele S , Frye Mark A , Keck Paul E , McElroy Susan L , Grunze Heinz , Post Robert M 
Published: August 2007

Objectives:  To assess the proportion of time spent in mania, depression and euthymia in a large cohort of bipolar subjects studied longitudinally, and to investigate depression/mania ratios in patients with bipolar I versus bipolar II disorder.Methods:  Clinician‐adjusted self‐ratings of mood were completed daily for one year for naturalistically treated outpatients with bipolar I (n = 405) or bipolar II (n = 102) disorder. Ratings were analyzed for mean time spent euthymic, depressed, manic, hypomanic, and cycling, and the percentages of time spent ill were compared between the two groups.Results:  Percentages of time spent ill for bipolar I versus II patients were: euthymia 47.7% versus 50.2%; depression 36.0% versus 37.0%; hypomania 11.5% versus 9.8%; mania 1.0% versus 0.2%; and cycling 3.7% versus 2.8%. The depression/mania ratio was 2.9 in the bipolar I and 3.8 in bipolar II sub‐groups.Conclusions:  Depression represents the predominant abnormal mood state for treated outpatients with bipolar I and II disorder. In contrast to other studies, we found that depression/mania ratios were of a similar magnitude, suggesting the same tendency towards mood instability in both sub‐groups.
Impaired working memory monitoring in euthymic bipolar patients
Authors: Thompson Jill M , Gray John M , Hughes John H , Watson Stuart , Young Allan H , Nicol Ferrier I 
Published: August 2007

Objectives:  Converging evidence suggests that patients with remitted bipolar disorder (BD) have a persistent cognitive deficit in the executive control of working memory (WM). However, the component operations that contribute to this deficit remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to further profile the nature and specificity of WM impairment in euthymic BD.Methods:  Fifty DSM‐IV‐confirmed patients with euthymic BD and demographically matched controls completed a modified version of the Self‐Ordered Pointing Task (SOPT) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Pattern Recognition Test along with traditional executive and WM tasks [Stroop, initial letter Verbal Fluency (FAS), Trail‐Making, Digits Forwards and Backwards]. Prospective clinical ratings over one month prior to testing confirmed that patients were euthymic at test. Absence of basal hypercortisolaemia was confirmed by serial saliva sampling.Results:  Error analysis revealed that whilst patients made more errors on the SOPT overall, they were no more likely to perseverate than controls. Patients’ erroneous responses did not proliferate across trials, suggesting that proactive interference did not contribute to their poor performance, but serial position effects were evident where patients’ errors clustered towards the end of a trial. No differences were found on the recognition memory test, in WM capacity, or on two of the three traditional executive procedures (FAS and Trail‐Making). However, patients’ Digits Backwards was impaired.Conclusions:  These data suggest that patients with BD have a deficit in their ability to monitor the contents of WM. This deficit is not an epiphenomenon of mood, but may be due to enduring brain dysfunction, integral to bipolar illness.
Monitoring adult Eretmocerus mundus, Encarsia lutea and Bemisia tabaci with yellow sticky traps in cotton Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Karut K. , Kazak C. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:  The efficiency of yellow sticky traps for estimating adult population dynamics of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hom., Aleyrodidae) and its parasitoids Eretmocerus mundus Mercet, Encarsia lutea (Masi) (Hym., Aphelinidae) was examined in cotton in choice and no‐choice studies in Çukurova, Turkey in 2004 and 2005. In the no‐choice study, traps were suspended individually on the third, fifth or eighth main stem node branches from the tops of cotton plants. For the choice study, three traps were suspended on the same individual node branches on different plants. Trap captures were counted weekly. Mean (±SE) numbers of B. tabaci captured on traps were higher in no‐choice (max.: 697.8 ± 55.6) compared with choice (max.: 533.3 ± 47.4) studies each year. Population fluctuation patterns of E. mundus and E. lutea adults were similar to those of adult B. tabaci on traps with low weekly mean numbers occurring initially and increasing to peak levels in mid‐August, then decreasing in later weeks of the studies. The relationship between weekly mean numbers of B. tabaci and E. lutea was greater than the relationship between B. tabaci and E. mundus. Mean numbers of E. mundus and E. lutea on traps were higher at the third main stem nodes than traps suspended on the fifth or eighth node. Mean numbers of E. lutea pupae were usually higher than E. mundus from the first sampling date throughout the end of the growing season on leaves. The relationship between parasitoid pupae and adults captured in traps is discussed.
Making sense of the stories that people with Alzheimer's tell: a journey with my mother
Authors: Crisp Jane 
Published: August 2007

Making sense of the stories that people with Alzheimer's tell: a journey with my motherConfabulation or pseudo‐reminiscence of the sort produced by people with Alzheimer's is reconsidered by applying existing theories about the structure of narrative and work on reminiscence, and the construction of a life story to the stories told by the author's mother. This approach provides the basis for going beyond a negative estimate of confabulatory stories based on their apparent confusion of past and present, truth and fantasy., to a more positive estimate of diem as complying with the norms of narrative, and as being functional for their teller as a means both of interaction and of reconstructing an identity. It also allows for identification of certain predominant themes, which may help one to grasp die general sense of such stories.
Is there anyone in there? Psychiatric nursing meets biological psychiatry
Authors: Dawson Paul J. 
Published: August 2007

Is there anyone in there? Psychiatric nursing meets biological psychiatryMental health nursing operates without a clear idea of the nature of both mind and mental. Increasingly, this lack of a defensible theoretical position has led to an increasing dependence on the concept of mind now current in biological psychiatry. But die materialist monism of biological psychiatry is itself open to doubt, particularly concerning its dependence on a priori assumptions about die nature of die relationship between mind and brain. The reductionism and objectivism inherent in dlis approach necessarily ignores diat aspect of mind most germane to nursing, die first‐person nature of die mental. An alternative is briefly sketched which stresses the mediation of behaviour by die brain, radier dian viewing behaviour as causally related to brain processes. Adoption of this approach conserves nursing's focus on die subjective experience as being paramount. Nursing education should, dierefore, be wary of incorporating the biological approach widiout a critical analysis of its suppositions and of die conception of human nature which it supports
Exploring the gender‐technology relation in nursing
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete 
Published: August 2007

Exploring the gender‐technology relation in nursingFeminist and nursing scholars have emphasized the critical role Western technology has played in the history and development of women and nursing. Yet, despite their common ground in tying both the emancipation and the subordination of women and nurses to technology, there has been virtually no association between nursing and gender‐technology studies. Gender‐technology studies offer nursing scholars new analytic directions and methodological tools to explore the nursing‐technology relation. Nursing, in turn, offers gender‐technology studies a rich empirical site to further its theoretical development.
The Val158Met polymorphism of the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase gene is not associated with the risk of sporadic or latent prostate cancer in Japanese men
Authors: Suzuki Motofumi , Kurosaki Takayuki , Arai Tomio , Sawabe Motoji , Hosoi Takayuki , Kitamura Tadaichi 
Published: August 2007

Aim: Since catechol estrogens possess carcinogenetic potential, their detoxification may lead to reduced risk of carcinogenesis. Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes theO‐methylation of catechol estrogens. The enzymatic activity of COMT has been shown to be governed by a functional single‐nucleotide polymorphism represented by a G‐to‐A transition at codon 158, that results in a valine to methionine substitution; this variant form is associated with an up to 4‐fold decrease in enzymatic activity. We attempted to investigate whether the Val158Met polymorphism ofCOMTwas associated with the risk of prostate cancer.Methods: We analysed genomic DNA samples from 324 sporadic prostate cancer patients; 342 controls who had died from causes unrelated to cancer; and 95 Japanese men who were diagnosed as latent prostate cancer by autopsy. The genotyping method we used was a TaqMan assay.Results: Age adjusted odds ratios for sporadic prostate cancer susceptibility were 1.047 (95% CI: 0.630–1.741) for the G/A genotype and 0.858 (95% CI: 0.407–1.804) for the A/A genotype, as compared with those for the G/G genotype. There was no significant association between this polymorphism and latent prostate cancer susceptibility either.Conclusions: Our results suggested that the Val158Met polymorphism ofCOMTwas not associated with the risk of sporadic or latent prostate cancer in Japanese men.
Initial evaluation of prostate cancer with real‐time elastography based on step‐section pathologic analysis after radical prostatectomy: A preliminary study
Authors: Sumura Masahiro , Shigeno Kazushi , Hyuga Taiju , Yoneda Tatsuaki , Shiina Hiroaki , Igawa Mikio 
Published: August 2007

Objective:  To determine whether real‐time elastography can be used to detect prostate cancer as a relatively non‐invasive modality based on the tissue strain value.Patients and Methods:  Seventeen patients underwent real‐time elastography in conjunction with digital rectal examination (DRE), conventional gray‐scale transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to radical prostatectomy. The elastogram was compared to findings of conventional modalities and pathological findings of prostatectomy specimens. To obtain the elastogram, compression of the prostate was performed along with a visual indicator on a video screen.Results:  Twenty of 27 pathologically confirmed tumors were detected with real‐time elastography. The cancer detection rate with real‐time elastography was superior to the rates of other modalities and nearly equal to both on the anterior side (75.0%) and the posterior side (73.7%) of the prostate. A higher tumor detection rate for real‐time elastography was observed for tumors with a higher Gleason score and larger tumor volume.Conclusion:  In our preliminary study, real‐time elastography in conjunction with gray‐scale TRUS is a non‐invasive modality to detect prostate cancer.
The prognostic value of E‐cadherin, α‐, β‐ and γ‐catenin in bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy
Authors: Kashibuchi Keishi , Tomita Kyoichi , Schalken Jack A , Kume Haruki , Takeuchi Takumi , Kitamura Tadaichi 
Published: August 2007

Objectives:  To determine the value of the loss of expression of E‐cadherin and cadherin associated molecules as useful markers for both prognosis and chemosensitivity in bladder cancer patients who have undergone radical cystectomy.Patients and Methods:  In 55 paraffin embedded specimens of radical cystectomy at our hospital from 1982 to 2000, the expression of E‐cadherin, α‐, β‐ and γ‐catenin was examined by immunohistochemical staining. To evaluate the prognostic significance of these molecules, Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were constructed and a statistical analysis was calculated by a log‐rank test. A multivariate test (tumor stage, tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, configuration, the expression of E‐cadherin, α‐, β‐ and γ‐catenin) was performed to detect prognostic markers.Results:  Normal expression was found in 33 cases (60.0%) for E‐cadherin, 29 (52.7%) for α‐catenin, 31 cases (56.4%) for β‐catenin, and 31 cases (56.4%) for γ‐catenin. The expression patterns for E‐cadherin, α‐, β‐ and γ‐catenin were significantly correlated with each other (P < 0.01). Survival analysis showed a significant difference between normal and aberrant expression in each staining. A multivariate analysis revealed that the expression of α‐ catenin was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.0191). In 23 patients that received adjuvant chemotherapy, there was a significant difference in survival between the normal and aberrant expression of α‐catenin, but not other molecules.Conclusion:  Alpha‐catenin may not only be a good prognostic marker, but also one of key molecules that determine the chemosensitivities in patients with invasive bladder cancer.
The protective effect of darbepoetin alfa on experimental testicular torsion and detorsion injury
Authors: Akcora Bulent , Altug Muhammed Enes , Kontas Tunay , Atik Esin 
Published: August 2007

Aim:  Testicular torsion is a serious urological emergency, usually involving newborns, children, and adolescents which can lead to subfertility and infertility. Prevention of testicular damage caused by torsion is still a clinical and experimental problem. So far many chemicals and drugs have been investigated for decreasing ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in experimental animals. The possible protective effect of darbepoetin alfa, a novel erythropoietic protein, on testicular tissue after I/R injury was examined in this study.Methods:  Thirty rats were divided into three groups: sham operation, torsion/detorsion, and torsion/detorsion plus darbepoetin alfa groups. After torsion (2 hours) and detorsion (4 hours), bilateral orchiectomy was performed. Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and glutathione levels were determined in testicular tissue.Results:  Administration of darbepoetin alfa caused a decrease of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and an increase in glutathione levels compared with the torsion/detorsion group. In addition, histological injury scores were significantly decreased in the treatment group more than the torsion/detorsion group.Conclusion:  The results suggest that darbepoetin alfa may be a potential protective agent for preventing testicular injury caused by testis torsion.
Diuretic pattern in adults with nocturnal polyuria: The possible contribution of blood pressure to the worsening of nocturnal polyuria
Authors: Natsume Osamu 
Published: August 2007

Aim:  The present study was undertaken to investigate diuresis rate determinants of nocturnal polyuria (NP) in adults.Subjects and Methods:  A total of 33 patients aged 50–87 years (mean: 68.6), with nocturnal urine volumes exceeding 10 mL per kg body weight based on records of a frequency‐volume chart, were enrolled to evaluate the relationships between diuresis rates and related variables. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify diuresis rate determinants, including brain natriuretic peptide. Furthermore, a hypertonic saline infusion test was conducted to examine the arginine vasopressin (AVP) response to plasma osmotic change.Results:  Nocturnal voids correlated negatively with the daytime diuresis rate (P = 0.019). Despite a similar total urine volume per kg body weight (TUV/kgBw), systolic and mean blood pressure (MBP) significantly correlated with the nocturnal diuresis rate positively and the daytime diuresis rate negatively. The MBP, which was selected as a representative variable for blood pressure, was found to be an independent determinant for the nocturnal. The MBP and TUV/kgBw were independent determinants for the daytime diuresis rate on multiple regression analyses. Neither age, AVP, nor brain natriuretic peptide were determinants for them. When divided into two groups using their median nocturnal diuresis rates (0.023 mL/kg/min), there was no difference in the prevalence of stroke and the taking of hypnotics between the groups. Overall, a hypervolemic condition or increased sympathetic nerve activity in NP was suggested using the hypertonic saline infusion test.Conclusions:  These results indicate that blood pressure might play an important role as a determinant of increasing nocturnal diuresis in NP.
Newly generated granule cells show rapid neuroplastic changes in the adult rat dentate gyrus during the first five days following pilocarpine‐induced seizures
Authors: Shapiro Lee A. , Figueroa‐Aragon Sergio , Ribak Charles E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLong‐term neuroplastic changes to dentate granule cells have been reported after seizures and were shown to contribute to recurrent excitatory circuitry. These changes include increased numbers of newborn granule cells, sprouted mossy fibers, granule cell layer dispersion, increased hilar ectopic granule cells and formation of hilar basal dendrites on granule cells. The goal of the current study was to determine the acute progression of neuroplastic changes involving newly generated granule cells after pilocarpine‐induced seizures. Doublecortin (DCX) immunocytochemical preparations were used to examine the newly generated granule cells 1–5 days after seizures were induced. The results showed that there are rapid neuroplastic changes to the DCX‐labeled cells. At 1 day after seizures were induced, there were significant increases in the percentage of DCX‐labeled cells with hilar basal dendrites and in the progenitor cell population. At 2 days after seizures were induced, an increase in the thickness of the layer of DCX‐labeled cells occurred. At 3 days after seizures were induced, the number of DCX‐labeled cells was significantly increased. At 4 days after seizures were induced, developing synapses were observed on DCX‐labeled hilar basal dendrites. Thus, newly generated granule cells in the adult dentate gyrus display neuroplastic changes by 1 day after pilocarpine‐induced seizures and further changes occur to this population of cells in the subsequent 4 days. The presence of synapses, albeit developing ones, on hilar basal dendrites during this period indicates that newly generated granule cells become rapidly incorporated into dentate gyrus circuitry following seizures.
Ryanodine receptor Ca2+‐release channels are an output pathway for the circadian clock in the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei
Authors: Aguilar‐Roblero Raúl , Mercado Clara , Alamilla Javier , Laville Antonio , Díaz‐Muñoz Mauricio 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRyanodine‐sensitive intracellular Ca2+channels (RyRs) are present in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) neurons, but the functions served by these channels are not known. Here we addressed whether mobilization of intracellular Ca2+stores through the RyRs may be a link between the molecular clock and the firing rate in SCN neurons. Activation of the RyRs by administration of either 1 mmcaffeine or 100 nmryanodine increased the firing frequency, whereas inhibition of RyRs by 10 µmdantrolene or 80 µmryanodine decreased firing rate. Similar results were obtained in experiments conducted at either midday or midnight. Furthermore, these effects were not mediated by synaptic transmission as blockade of GABA A, AMPA and NMDA receptors did not prevent the excitatory or inhibitory effects induced by either dose of ryanodine on SCN firing. We conclude that gating of RyRs is a key element of the intricate output pathway from the circadian clock within SCN neurons in rats.