bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pig islet xenotransplantation: activation of porcine endogenous retrovirus in the immediate post‐transplantation period
Authors: Schmidt Peter , Forsman Anna , Andersson Göran , Blomberg Jonas , Korsgren Olle 
Published: October 2005

Abstract:  Background:  Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) are considered as the main infectious barrier in islet xenotransplantation. PERV has been shown to infect, but not to cause symptomatic disease in mice after islet transplantation. In vivo activation of PERV have so far not been examined. Expression of PERV was examined in adult and fetal porcine islets with or without the presence of known retroviral inducers or after transplantation to rats.Methods:  Isolated adult and fetal porcine islets were cultured under normal conditions or in the presence of dexamethasone or 5‐azacytidine and 5‐iodo‐2‐deoxyuridine. PERV mRNA content was analyzed by real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and culture supernatants were analyzed for the presence of retroviral RT. Also, fetal islets were transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunocompetent or nude athymic rats. Expression of PERV mRNA in the grafts was evaluated by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. Infiltration of immunocompetent cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Results:  Both fetal and adult islets in culture produced small or even undetectable amounts of PERV mRNA and retroviral RT. PERV expression was not enhanced by retroviral inducers. In contrast, activation of PERV expression was observed the first day after transplantation of fetal islet‐like cell clusters in both athymic and normal rats. PERV expression peaked after 1 to 3 days and was then rapidly returned to background levels. PERV expression neither correlated with the innate immune response seen in athymic rats nor with the specific process of rejection in normal rats.Conclusion:  Both fetal and adult islets produce low amounts of PERV mRNA in culture. After transplantation PERV expression is induced, seemingly independent of both the unspecific inflammatory response and the specific T‐cell‐mediated rejection process. It is speculated that PERV expression is correlated with the level of hypoxia in the islet xenograft.
Continuous sciatic block for leg and foot surgery in 160 children
Authors: VAS LAKSHMI 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground:  The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of continuous sciatic block for lower limb surgery in children.Methods:  A total of 160 pediatric patients aged 4 months to 12 years weighing 3.5–50 kg, were given continuous sciatic block plus single shot 3‐in‐1 block for leg and foot surgery. After general anesthesia, the sciatic nerve was located by using loss of resistance to saline by the mid‐thigh approach. An 18 gauge epidural needle was introduced at the junction of the proximal two‐third with the distal one‐third of a line extending from the apex of popliteal triangle to the midpoint of the line joining the greater trochanter and the ischial tuberosity. A 20 g catheter was threaded through the needle for 5–10 cm and 0.25% bupivacaine 0.75 ml·kg−1 was injected. A single shot 3‐in‐1 block was also given to facilitate the use of a tourniquet with 0.25% bupivacaine 0.25 ml. In 20 patients a nerve stimulator was used in addition to loss of resistance. The intraoperative sedation comprised propofol and ketamine infusions and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen by LMA.Results:  Eight‐two percent of patients showed no response to surgery; 14% patients showed some response to the medial incision over the ankle and needed additional bolus doses of ketamine and propofol. Block was considered to have failed in 4% who required an increase in propofol and ketamine infusions. A total of 154 patients had good postoperative pain relief for 72 h with continuous infusion of 0.05% bupivacaine. The other six were given oral codeine and diclofenac. There were no complications attributable to sciatic block in any patient.Conclusions:  Sciatic block with a single shot 3‐in‐1 block for tourniquet pain and light general anesthesia provides good intraoperative conditions for leg and foot surgery and adequate postoperative pain relief. Additional sedation to minimize the discomfort of a cast may be a consideration in the first 24 h.
Caudal block complication in a patient with trisomy 13
Authors: COHEN IRA TODD 
Published: October 2005

SummaryIn this report we describe a complication of a caudal block in a 4‐year‐old child with trisomy 13. The patient's history was remarkable for microcephaly, developmental delay, seizures, apnea, and prolonged emergence times. Induction of anesthesia and tracheal intubation were uneventful. A caudal block was aborted after positive aspiration of cerebrospinal fluid. A radiogram suggestive of spinal dysraphism, found on subsequent review, was confirmed by a magnetic resonance imaging scan consistent with tethered cord and dural ectasia. Congenital abnormalities associated with trisomy 13 and cutaneous signs suggestive of spinal abnormalities are reviewed. Avoidance of neuraxial regional anesthesia in these patients is recommended.
Clonidine added to bupivacaine in neonatal spinal anesthesia: a prospective comparison in 124 preterm and term infants
Authors: ROCHETTE ALAIN , TRONCIN RACHEL , RAUX OLIVIER , DADURE CHRISTOPHE , LUBRANO JEAN‐FRANÇOIS , BARBOTTE ERIC , CAPDEVILA XAVIER 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground:  Spinal anesthesia (SA) remains the ‘gold standard’ in neonatal anesthesia for inguinal herniorrhaphy but its short duration impedes its usefulness. We previously demonstrated that clonidine prolongs neonatal SA without immediate side effects.Methods:  We conducted a prospective observational study of 124 infants undergoing herniorrhaphy under SA with bupivacaine and clonidine. Two cohorts, term (n = 57) and former preterm (n = 67) infants, were evaluated and compared with regard to episodes of apnea, desaturation, and bradycardia within 24 h of SA.Results:  In both groups, postoperative desaturation episodes were unchanged after SA, compared with the 12 preoperative hours, despite significantly increased apnea (P < 0.003 and <0.011 respectively). Transient bradycardias occurred in former preterm infants (P < 0.014): they spontaneously resolved in all cases. Mean arterial pressure did not vary during the study. Upper sensory level of SA, sedation on entering the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and duration of stay in the PACU were similar in both groups.Conclusions:  The clinical significance of short apneas, recovering spontaneously without desaturation, remains debatable. It is concluded that addition of clonidine to neonatal SA results in acceptable side effects. Side effects must be compared with the potential advantages before future recommendations.
CSF pressure measurement during anesthesia: an unreliable technique
Authors: EIDLITZ‐MARKUS TAL , STIEBEL‐KALISH HADAS , RUBIN YEHOSHUA , SHUPER AVINOAM 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground:  The measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure is necessary for many clinical indications. Its accuracy may be compromized in frightened or uncooperative children who find it difficult to relax sufficiently. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible effects of general anesthesia on CSF pressure values.Methods:  Lumbar puncture was performed under general anesthesia in 15 patients aged 4.5–20 years for the evaluation of headaches associated with a swollen optic nerve. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure was measured with a manometer when the patient was fully anesthetized (opening pressure) and then continuously recorded until the patient regained consciousness. The opening pressure was compared with the lowest pressure measured at the termination of the procedure (end‐measurement pressure).Results:  Seventeen pressure measurements were performed in 15 patients. In all but two measurements, differences were noted between the opening and end pressure, ranging from 5 to 13 cmH2O. The opening pressure was abnormally high in 16 measurements, and the end pressure was abnormally high in seven. The difference between the two measurements was highly significant (P < 0.001).Conclusions:  Lumbar puncture performed under general anesthesia may yield two pressure measurements. Many factors, such as hypercarbia and the anesthetic agent used, may influence the results. Owing to the dynamic changes in CSF pressure, measurements made under anesthesia may be unreliable.
The Low Pressure Stent Observational Trial on the Procedural and Mid‐Term Outcome of a Trapezoid‐Shaped Coronary Stent (LOPSTER)
Authors: UNVERDORBEN MARTIN , DEGENHARDT RALF , WAGNER EBERHARD , KOEHLER HENNING , SCHOLZ MANFRED , UNVERDORBEN SUSANNE , BERTHOLD HEINER K. , VALLBRACHT CHRISTIAN 
Published: October 2005

Background: Stent design influences the procedural and mid‐term results of coronary interventions. The trapezoid‐shaped struts of the low pressure stent (LP™‐Stent) might improve the outcome by reducing the vascular trauma at deployment.
Methods: A total of 133 patients (64.5 ± 8.6 years) with significant de novo coronary lesions (reference diameter ≥2.8 mm, length <15 mm, and stenosis ≥70% and <100%) were enrolled for single stent deployment and a 6‐month clinical and angiographic follow‐up.
Results: Stents were successfully deployed to 131/133 (98.5%) lesions. In one failed procedure (0.8%), the stenosis could be crossed with another device whereas in the second alternative stents also failed. Following edge dissection after LP™‐Stent implantation, in 9/133 (6.8%) patients additional stents were deployed. Follow‐up was performed as scheduled after 5.9 ± 0.9 months in 98/122 (80.3%) patients, prematurely for in‐stent restenosis in 8/122 (6.6%), and clinically only in 8/122 (6.6%). Deaths, one of cardiac origin (0.9%), occurred in 2/114 (1.8%), and myocardial infarctions in 1/114 (0.9%). The culprit stenoses were dilated from 78.4 ± 9.7% to 23.3 ± 11.0% recurring to 43.1 ± 24.3% at scheduled follow‐up. The late loss of 0.6 ± 0.8 mm and late loss index of 0.3 ± 0.5 translated into a binary restenosis rate of 24/98 (24.5%) requiring reintervention in 19/98 (19.4%).
Conclusions: In summary, the LP™‐Stent is associated with reduced intimal proliferation as reflected by the low late loss index when being compared with either noncoated or passively coated devices and higher in comparison to active coated stents. The considerable dissection rate seems to be related to higher deployment pressures and warrants design modification at the stent's distal edges.
Application, Feasibility, and Efficacy of a Combined Intravascular Ultrasound and Stent Delivery System: Results from a Prospective Multicenter Trial
Authors: RIEBER JOHANNES , GOCKEL KATHARINA , KOSCHYK DIETMAR , ERHARD ISABELLE , KOENIG ANDREAS , SCHIELE THOMAS M. , THEISEN KARL , SIEBERT UWE , KLAUSS VOLKER 
Published: October 2005

Background: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is the reference method for in vivo assessment of vessel dimensions and coronary plaque composition, which can influence device selection as well as stent sizing.
Objectives: The objective of this prospective multicenter‐study was to test the application, safety, and feasibility of a new combined IVUS and stent delivery system.
Methods: A total of 32 patients with planned direct stent implantation under IVUS guidance were included in the study. Procedural as well as angiographical and IVUS characteristics of the stent implantation with the combined IVUS and stent delivery system were assessed and compared to a historical control cohort where IVUS‐guided stenting was performed with a separate IVUS catheter.
Results: Direct stent placement was successfully performed in all patients and no malfunctions of the system were noted. A postinterventional IVUS assessment was possible in 27 (87%) of the 31 patients. The IVUS information led to a change in therapeutic strategy in 16 (50%) of the 32 patients. In the study group, both the procedural time and the amount of contrast dye were significantly lower than in the historical IVUS‐guided stenting control group. A clinical 12‐month follow‐up revealed a 89% event‐free survival and a target vessel revascularization rate of 7%.
Conclusion: The use of a combined IVUS and stent delivery device is safe, easy to handle, and can provide helpful additional information to guide a percutaneous coronary interventions procedure. Beyond angiography, these informations had significant impact on the interventional strategy in these patients, which resulted in a low rate of major adverse cardiac events. The concept of combining IVUS information and a stent delivery system may be increasingly attractive with evolving imaging modalities like virtual histology or a combination with drug‐eluting stents.
Incidence rates of oral cancer and oral pre‐cancercous lesions in a 6‐year follow‐up study of a Taiwanese aboriginal community
Authors: Yang Y.‐H. , Chen C.‐H. , Chang J. S. F. , Lin C.‐C. , Cheng T.‐C. , Shieh T.‐Y. 
Published: October 2005

Background:  In a previous article, we reported the prevalence rates of oral mucosal lesions in an aboriginal community from an epidemiological survey of oral pre‐cancerous lesions.Methods:  Since 1997, the authors have started regular follow‐up of the study population originally investigated. Thus, it has been possible to obtain incidence rates for the various oral pre‐cancerous lesions and conditions.Results:  There were 194 persons without any oral lesion in the 1997 screening. During the clinical follow‐up investigation and during the analysis of biopsies from pre‐cancerous lesions, we discovered six new lesions (including cancer and pre‐cancerous lesions) from five participants. All of the five persons were areca/betel quid chewers, and only one mixed areca/betel quid chewing with cigarette smoking habit. The age‐standardized incidence rates for quid lesion, oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were 267.0, 374.1 and 146.2 per 100 000 person‐years, respectively, for areca/betel quid chewers.Conclusions:  As compared with the rates from India and the general Taiwanese population, the study community encountered a serious problem of oral lesions.
Jaw bone necrosis without previous dental extractions associated with the use of bisphosphonates (pamidronate and zoledronate): a four‐case report
Authors: Merigo E. , Manfredi M. , Meleti M. , Corradi D. , Vescovi P. 
Published: October 2005

Jaw bone necrosis is a clinical condition associated with defects in vascularization of the maxilla or the mandibular bone, usually present following head and neck radiotherapy and/or oral surgical interventions. Bisphosphonates are synthetic analogues of pyrophosphate used in the treatment of patients with hypercalcemia as a result of malignancy, bone metastasis and for the treatment of other disorders such as metabolic bone diseases, Paget's disease and osteoporosis. Over last 10 years, cases of jaw bone necrosis have been associated with the use of bisphosphonate therapy. In particular, Ruggiero et al. (J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 62: 527–534) in 2004 described a large group of patients (63) with jaw bone necrosis probably related to the use of these drugs. It should be noted that all the patients in the group described either underwent head and neck radiotherapy or had a dental extraction while taking bisphosphonates. In the present study, we reported four cases of jawbone necrosis in patients taking pamidronate (Aredia) and zoledronate (Zometa) without having undergone any kind of radiotherapy or dental surgery. All the patients were females between the ages of 56 and 71 years; three were treated with bisphosphonates for bone metastasis and one for multiple myeloma. All the patients received surgical treatment with bone curettage, with partial and/or temporary improvement of the lesions. Although a treatment for bisphosphonate‐induced bone lesions has not yet been established, we suggest careful evaluation of the patients’ oral health before prescribing bisphosphonate treatment.
Intra‐oral findings and general health conditions among institutionalized and non‐institutionalized elderly in Greece
Authors: Triantos Dimitris 
Published: October 2005

Background:  The aim of the study was to record the findings from intra‐oral examination and the general health conditions encountered in a group of Greek individuals 65 years of age or older.Patients and methods:  The study subjects were derived from the elderly attending 12 randomly selected community centres located in Athens and neighbouring municipalities, consisting the non‐institutionalized study group and from the elderly living in three ecclesiastical nursing homes, consisting the institutionalized study group. The research data comprised information from the subjects’ interviews, self‐defined health status, medical records and intra‐oral examination on the following variables: sex, age, general health condition, dentate or not, use of dentures and oral conditions. Fisher's exact two‐sided test was used for statistical analysis.Results:  Overall, 316 patients were examined; 120 male (38%), 196 female (62%), mean age 78 years (range: 65–99). Of those, 150 were non‐institutionalized (59 male, 91 female) and 166 institutionalized (61 male and 105 female). The vast majority (90%) of the patients had at least one general health problem, for which they were taking daily medication. Twenty‐three different medical conditions were recorded. The most frequent medical problems were hypertension (56%), cardiovascular problems (41%), depression/anxiety (39%), arthritis (18.5%) and visual problems (16%). The vast majority of the study patients (79%) were edentulous, while 33% were not wearing or using their dentures. Almost half of them (47%) had at least one oral condition. Twenty‐seven different oral conditions were recorded. The most frequent oral findings were denture‐induced stomatitis (17.2%), dry mouth (14.6%), atrophy of tongue papillae (10.5%), fissured tongue (9.8%) and haemangioma (6.8%). No cases of malignant lesions were observed.Conclusions:  The present study confirms that in this particular age group, general health problems are frequent, variable, coexistent, necessitating the daily administration of multiple medications, while oral examination by a specialist is an essential part of the multidisciplinary medical care in this group of individuals.
Odontogenic tumors: a study of 340 cases in a Brazilian population
Authors: Fernandes Anacélia Mendes , Duarte Eliza Carla Barroso , Pimenta Flávio Juliano Garcia Santos , Souza Leandro Napier , Santos Vagner Rodrigues , Mesquita Ricardo Alves , de Aguiar Maria Cássia Ferreira 
Published: October 2005

Background:  The aim of this study was to determinate the relative frequency of odontogenic tumors (OTs) in a Brazilian population and to compare this data with previous reports.Methods:  We reviewed the achieves of 19 123 specimens from oral pathology laboratory of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, from 1954 to 2004. Using the criteria of histologic typification published by the World Health Organization in 1992, we classified the OTs.Results:  A total of 340 OTs were found. The frequency of OTs comprises 1.78% of all pathologic specimens in our laboratory. The most frequent tumor was ameloblastoma (45.2%), followed by odontomas (24.91%), and myxomas (9.1%).Conclusions:  Odontogenic tumors are uncommon lesions in this Brazilian population and malignant OTs are very rare. The relative frequency of various types of OTs, age, and gender distribution are similar to those reported in African, Asian but not to Chilean and North American series.
The relationship of the histologic grade at the deep invasive front and the expression of Ki‐67 antigen and p53 protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kurokawa Hideo , Zhang Min , Matsumoto Shinobu , Yamashita Yoshihiro , Tanaka Toshiko , Tomoyose Taiki , Takano Hirofumi , Funaki Katsuyuki , Fukuyama Hiroshi , Takahashi Tetsu , Sakoda Sumio 
Published: October 2005

Background:  Although many histopathologic characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (O‐SCC) have been identified as prognostic factors, accurate, and unequivocal factors have not been clearly identified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a potential association between the histologic grade of malignancy at the deep invasive front and the expression of Ki‐67 antigen and p53 protein in O‐SCC.Methods:  The expression of Ki‐67 antigen and p53 at the invasive tumor front area of O‐SCC was examined by immunohistochemistry of archived tissue from 62 cases. The mean age of patients was 60.7 years (range: 37–89) and the male–female ratio was 1.6:1 (38 men, 24 women). There were 20, 17, 14, and 11 cases classified as stage I to stage IV, respectively. The correlation between the intensity of immunostaining for Ki‐67 antigen and p53 and the histologic grade of malignancy at the deep invasive front (invasive front grade, IFG) was analyzed. The expression of Ki‐67 antigen and p53 in normal oral epithelia (10 cases) was also investigated.Results:  The mean Ki‐67 labeling index (LI) in the O‐SCC samples was 32.8 ± 12.0% (n = 62). The mean total score of IFG (IFG score) was 9.1 ± 2.7 points (n = 62). There was a significant linear correlation between the IFG score and the Ki‐67 antigen (γ = 0.651, R2 = 0.596, P < 0.0001). Of 50 tumors examined, 27 (54.0%) exhibited p53‐positive nuclear immunostaining. The staining patterns for Ki‐67 antigen and p53 were similar. Both Ki‐67‐LI and p53‐positive status were significantly correlated with the IFG scores.Conclusion:  The findings of this study demonstrate that overexpression of Ki‐67 antigen and p53 at the deep tumor invasive front of O‐SCC is associated with histologic grade of malignancy.
The Sensitivity of Event Logs, Self-Administered Questionnaires and Photoplethysmography to Detect Treatment-Induced Changes in Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD) Diagnosis
Authors: Rellini Alessandra , Meston Cindy 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The literature provides little evidence on what type of endpoints should be used to assess treatment-induced improvement in female sexual function.

Aim
The main goal of this study was to provide empiric evidence on the sensitivity of different types of measures for detecting treatment-induced changes in female sexual dysfunction diagnosis.

Methods
The measures investigated in this study included event logs, self-administered questionnaires (Female Sexual Functioning Index; FSFI), vaginal photoplethysmography, and continuous subjective sexual arousal measured during exposure to erotic videos. Participants were 24 women with female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) who received sex therapy, placebo, or gingko biloba in a four-arm double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. FSAD was diagnosed utilizing a semistructured interview administered at pre- and post-treatment. Those women who did not meet FSAD criteria at post-treatment (N = 10) were labeled as “improved,” while women who still met FSAD criteria (N = 14) were categorized as “not improved” even if they showed signs of improvements.

Main Outcome Measure
Change scores from pre- to post-treatment on the FSFI, event logs, vaginal photoplethysmography, and continuous subjective levels of sexual arousal were used to predict whether women improved at post-treatment. Results were checked with exact logistic regression to control for the small sample size.

Results
The FSFI was the only measure to significantly predict whether women improved at post-treatment. The findings from this study lend support for the use of validated questionnaires as endpoint criteria in detecting treatment-induced changes in women's sexual dysfunction.