bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and cross‐validation of a circumference‐based predictive equation to estimate body fat in an active population
Authors: Taylor Kathryn M. , Castellani Michael P. , Bartlett P. Matthew , Oliver Tyler. E. , McClung Holly L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe U.S. Army uses sex‐specific circumference‐based prediction equations to estimate percent body fat (%BF) to evaluate adherence to body composition standards. The equations are periodically evaluated to ensure that they continue to accurately assess %BF in a diverse population. The objective of this study was to develop and validate alternative field expedient equations that may improve upon the current Army Regulation (AR) body fat (%BF) equations.MethodsBody size and composition were evaluated in a representatively sampled cohort of 1904 active‐duty Soldiers (1261 Males, 643 Females), using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (%BFDXA), and circumferences obtained with 3D imaging and manual measurements. Sex stratified linear prediction equations for %BF were constructed using internal cross validation with %BFDXA as the criterion measure. Prediction equations were evaluated for accuracy and precision using root mean squared error, bias, and intraclass correlations. Equations were externally validated in a convenient sample of 1073 Soldiers.ResultsThree new equations were developed using one to three circumference sites. The predictive values of waist, abdomen, hip circumference, weight and height were evaluated. Changing from a 3‐site model to a 1‐site model had minimal impact on measurements of model accuracy and performance. Male‐specific equations demonstrated larger gains in accuracy, whereas female‐specific equations resulted in minor improvements in accuracy compared to existing AR equations. Equations performed similarly in the second external validation cohort.ConclusionsThe equations developed improved upon the current AR equation while demonstrating robust and consistent results within an external population. The 1‐site waist circumference‐based equation utilized the abdominal measurement, which aligns with associated obesity related health outcomes. This could be used to identify individuals at risk for negative health outcomes for earlier intervention.
On‐demand microwave growth of porosity within a granular composite energetic material: Void formation via a dielectric loss phase change binder additive for propellant burning rate control
Authors: Lajoie Justin A. , Jones Brock , Lawrence Adam R. , Barkley Stuart J. , Sippel Travis R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study demonstrates, for the first time ever, the ability to grow, in an on‐command fashion, porosity within a granular composite energetic material to effect a change in energy output rate. Specifically, the study investigates the change in burning rates of ammonium perchlorate composite propellants as a result of porosity created in situ via microwave field‐driven volatilization of the low boiling point binder additive, ethylene glycol. Theoretical mass densities were measured before and after microwave irradiation finding that the maximum observed %TMD change for tested propellants is 6 %. Propellants were burned at 1.72 MPa to 6.89 MPa pressures, finding that for all propellants, microwave irradiation produced a change in ballistic characteristics. Most propellant formulations demonstrate acceptable burning rate parameters for use within rocket motors; some exhibited a large change in their pressure exponent as well as slope breaks attributed to the onset of convective burning, while microwave irradiation produced no change in burning rate or density in reference propellants without the additive. Microwave heating simulation results are presented to gain insight into the thermal environment of the propellant during microwave irradiation. These results provide valuable insight into propellant formulations that can have their burning rates (and thus the thrust profile for motor grains) altered after casting via microwave irradiation.
Research Progress on Transport Mechanisms of Materials with Intrinsically High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Song Xuhao , Zhao Yinchang , Dai Zhenhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFinding parent thermoelectric materials with a high figure of merit is a direction that people pursue. However, the interplay and constraints among the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity pose formidable challenges. In this review, the decoupling effect of anisotropic electronic energy band and multi‐valley band structures are initially introduced on the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. Subsequently, an overview of how materials with a host‐guest structure enable the coexistence of high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity through unique transport mechanisms is provided. Finally, deliberating on approaches to achieve intrinsic low lattice thermal conductivity, encompassing low dimensionality, low phonon group velocities, and substantial anharmonicity. Moreover, a detailed analysis is conducted to dissect the physical mechanisms through which strong higher‐order anharmonicity restricts lattice thermal transport. It is believed that this review serves as a guiding resource for the quest for and design of efficient thermoelectric materials.
Differential graphical games of multiagent systems with nonzero leader's control input and external disturbances
Authors: Huang Guan , Zhang Zhuo , Yan Weisheng , Guo Xinxin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the problem of differential graphical games for multiagent systems (MASs) with external disturbances. In particular, the system considered in this article allows the leader to have an unknown bounded control input, and the communication topology between agents is allowed to be a weakly restricted structure with only containing a directed spanning tree. We propose a novel dynamic sliding mode control strategy to dispose the presence of leader's nonzero control input and external disturbances. Furthermore, a nominal controller based on the worst‐case control strategies of neighbors is designed to provide a distributed solution for differential graphics games of MASs. Finally, our algorithms are applied to solve multiple unmanned surface vessels games. Simulation studies are provided to test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Easily Prepared Wood–Derived Hierarchically Porous Carbon for High–Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Yali , Liu Yifeng , Wu Xiaoliang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHierarchical porous carbon exhibits enormous application potential in the field of energy storage. In this paper, we develop a facile method to prepare hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) derived from wood powder and using KMnO4 as the activator. The optimized HPC‐600 samples possess the large specific surface area with hierarchical porous structure and massive oxygen–containing functional groups. The HPC‐600 electrode shows a specific capacitance of 362.7 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and a capacitance retention of 101.5 % after 10, 000 cycles. In addition, the assembled HPC‐600//HPC‐600 symmetric supercapacitor delivers an energy density of 18.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 600 W kg−1. This paper provides a new and convenient method for the preparation of hierarchical porous carbon for high performance supercapacitor.
TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Inside Ultrafine Ti Tubes with an Aspect Ratio of 2500 for Sensing Needles: The Bubble Effect in a Confined Space
Authors: Zhao Kaiqi , Xie Wei , Tang Rong , Chen Tengyu , Li Li , Liang Jinlin , Sun Lidong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCapillary metal tubes have attracted considerable interest for flexible electronics, portable devices, trace sampling, and detection. Tailoring the microstructure and wettability inside the capillary tubes is of paramount importance, yet it presents great difficulty because of the spatial confinement. Here, the coupling effect is revealed between the fluidic and electric field induced by bubble motion in a confined space during anodic oxidation. By controlling the bubble regeneration and flow rate, uniform and superhydrophilic TiO2 nanotube arrays are developed throughout the inner surface of an ultrafine Ti tube with a diameter of 0.4 mm and length of 1000 mm, equivalent to an aspect ratio of 2500 that is the largest value being ever reported. The inner surface of a capillary tube is further coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene layer and explored as a sensing needle for liquid detection in terms of concentration and species. This study provides an innovative approach to tailor the microstructure and wettability in a confined space for functional capillary tubes.
Electrocatalytic Glycerol Upgrading into Glyceric Acid on Ni3Sn Intermetallic Compound
Authors: Lyu Naixin , Chen Yangshen , Guan Anxiang , Wei Ruilin , Yang Chao , Huang Yuhang , Lv Ximeng , Hu Cejun , Kuang Min , Zheng Gengfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrochemical glycerol oxidation features an attractive approach of converting bulk chemicals into high‐value products such as glyceric acid. Nonetheless, to date, the major product selectivity has mostly been limited as low‐value C1 products such as formate, CO, and CO2, due to the fast cleavage of carbon‐carbon (C−C) bonds during electro‐oxidation. Herein, the study develops an atomically ordered Ni3Sn intermetallic compound catalyst, in which Sn atoms with low carbon‐binding and high oxygen‐binding capability allow to tune the adsorption of glycerol oxidation intermediates from multi‐valent carbon binding to mono‐valent carbon binding, as well as enhance *OH binding and subsequent nucleophilic attack. The Ni3Sn electrocatalyst exhibits one of the highest glycerol‐to‐glyceric acid performances, including a high glycerol conversion rate (1199 µmol h–1) and glyceric acid selectivity (62 ± 3%), a long electrochemical stability of > 150 h, and the capability of direct conversion of crude glycerol (85% purity) into glyceric acid. The work features the rational design of highly ordered catalytic sites for tailoring intermediate binding and reaction pathways, thereby facilitating the efficient production of high‐value chemical products.
Averting H+‐Mediated Charge Storage Chemistry Stabilizes the High Output Voltage of LiMn2O4‐Based Aqueous Battery
Authors: Bhadra Abhirup , Swathilakshmi S. , Mittal Uttam , Sharma Neeraj , Sai Gautam Gopalakrishnan , Kundu Dipan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractH+ co‐intercalation chemistry of the cathode is perceived to have damaging consequences on the low‐rate and long‐term cycling of aqueous zinc batteries, which is a critical hindrance to their promise for stationary storage applications. Herein, the thermodynamically competitive H+ storage chemistry of an attractive high‐voltage cathode LiMn2O4 is revealed by employing operando and ex‐situ analytical techniques together with density functional theory‐based calculations. The H+ electrochemistry leads to the previously unforeseen voltage decay with cycling, impacting the available energy density, particularly at lower currents. Based on an in‐depth investigation of the effect of the Li+ to Zn2+ ratio in the electrolyte on the charge storage mechanism, a purely aqueous and low‐salt concentration electrolyte with a tuned Li+/Zn2+ ratio is introduced to subdue the H+‐mediated charge storage kinetically, resulting in a stable voltage output and improved cycling stability at both low and high cathode loadings. Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that repeated H+ intercalation triggers an irreversible phase transformation leading to voltage decay, which is averted by shutting down H+ storage. These findings unveiling the origin and impact of the deleterious H+‐storage, coupled with the practical strategy for its inhibition, will inspire further work toward this under‐explored realm of aqueous battery chemistry.
Study on Microstructure and Properties of Cold Metal Transfer and Pulse Hybrid Welded Super Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , He Jiahuan , Lu Xuecheng , Bai Yujie , Xu Lianyong , Wu Dongquan , Qu Sicheng , Han Yongdian 
Published: April 2024

The investigation focuses on the microstructure, impact toughness, and pitting corrosion resistance of cold metal transfer and pulse hybrid welded joints of unified numbering system (UNS) S32750 duplex stainless steel. The results show that the filler pass exhibits the highest austenite ratio (47.9%), whereas the heat‐affected zone (HAZ) shows the lowest (32.3%). Notably, secondary austenite (γ2) is present in both the backing pass and HAZ, but conspicuously absent in the filler pass, indicating that reheating from subsequent weld pass is a prerequisite for the precipitation of γ2. Additionally, chromium nitride (Cr2N) also precipitates in the HAZ and backing pass. Comparative analysis with the weld metal (WM) and base metal (BM) indicates that the HAZ displays lower impact toughness, primarily attributing to imbalanced phase ratio, coarse ferrite grains and the brittle Cr2N. Owing to the lower austenite content and Cr2N precipitation in the backing pass, its toughness (122.6 J cm−2) is found to be inferior to that of the filler pass (130.1 J cm−2). Furthermore, the HAZ with a lower critical pitting temperature compared to the WM (79.1 °C) and BM (87 °C), and exhibits the worst pitting corrosion resistance due to the abundant precipitation of secondary phases and excessive ferrite with low pitting resistance equivalent number.
Facile synthesis of licarin A from isoeugenol using Cu ion‐exchanged zeolite Y under mild conditions
Authors: Nguyen Thu Thi Minh , Nguyen Oanh Kim , Nguyen Tu Cam , Vu Tung Duy , Van Dang Long , Le Son Thanh , Van Do Dang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research focused on investigating the selective synthesis of licarin A by oxidation of isoeugenol by employing copper (II) ion‐exchanged Y‐zeolite (xCuY, x = 0.02, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.10) as the catalyst. The xCuY catalyst was synthesized through the capillary impregnation method, enabling the exchange of Cu(II) ions within the porous structure of zeolite Y. The structure of xCuY was thoroughly characterized using various analytical methods, namely, SEM, EDX, XRD, FT‐IR, NH3‐TPD and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. A high yield of licarin A was obtained through isoeugenol selective oxidation using xCuY under modest and environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Additionally, the xCuY catalyst exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining its catalytic activity even after being reused at least five times.
Macahuilettiin A, a new isoprenylated flavanone from the leaves of Macaranga hullettii King ex Hook and their antiplasmodial activity
Authors: Saputri Ratih Dewi , Tukiran Tukiran , Wati First Ambar , Purnamasari Amalia Putri , Wardhana Madya Wisnu , Tjahjandarie Tjitjik Srie , Tanjung Mulyadi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA new isoprenylated flavanone, macahuilettiin A (1), along with lonchocarpol A (2) and nymphaeol C (3), were isolated from Macaranga hullettii King ex Hook leaves. Their structures were combined by UV, high‐resolution ESI‐TOFMS, 1D‐, and 2D‐NMR spectra analysis. Flavanones 1–3 were assayed for antiplasmodial activity toward Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, which was carried out using the Trager and Jansen method, showing that the IC50 values for flavanones 1–3 were 0.15, 1.64, and 0.61 µm, respectively, which is classified as high activity.
Yeast Crf1p is an activator with different roles in regulation of target genes
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Mashkoor Muneera , Balamurugan Priya , Grove Anne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnder stress conditions, ribosome biogenesis is downregulated. This process requires that expression of ribosomal RNA, ribosomal protein, and ribosome biogenesis genes be controlled in a coordinated fashion. The mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) participates in sensing unfavorable conditions to effect the requisite change in gene expression. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, downregulation of ribosomal protein genes involves dissociation of the activator Ifh1p in a process that depends on Utp22p, a protein that also functions in pre‐rRNA processing. Ifh1p has a paralog, Crf1p, which was implicated in communicating mTORC1 inhibition and hence was perceived as a repressor. We focus here on two ribosomal biogenesis genes, encoding Utp22p and the high mobility group protein Hmo1p, both of which are required for communication of mTORC1 inhibition to target genes. Crf1p functions as an activator on these genes as evidenced by reduced mRNA abundance and RNA polymerase II occupancy in a crf1Δ strain. Inhibition of mTORC1 has distinct effects on expression of HMO1 and UTP22; for example, on UTP22, but not on HMO1, the presence of Crf1p promotes the stable depletion of Ifh1p. Our data suggest that Crf1p functions as a weak activator, and that it may be required to prevent re‐binding of Ifh1p to some gene promoters after mTORC1 inhibition in situations when Ifh1p is available. We propose that the inclusion of genes encoding proteins required for mTORC1‐mediated downregulation of ribosomal protein genes in the same regulatory circuit as the ribosomal protein genes serves to optimize transcriptional responses during mTORC1 inhibition.
Corruption and Illegality in Asian Investment Arbitration: The Philippines
Authors: Mondez Thomas Elliot A. , Cruz Jocelyn P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCorruption is deeply rooted in Philippine culture. Much legislation was passed to strengthen the country’s legal frameworks to prosecute corruption cases. However, the abundant local anti-corruption laws have yet to produce the desired results. For most of the latter half of the twentieth century, the Philippines relied on protectionist policies conducive to corruption to shelter its domestic economy from the burgeoning highly competitive international markets. The succeeding adoption of trade liberalization policies enabled the country to attract foreign investments to bolster its economy. Unfortunately, it also exposed investors to the pitfalls of local corruption. The country’s first major investment dispute involving its main international airport was not a pleasant experience. The Philippines is no longer in a bubble. As an active member of the international community, it must adjust its law enforcement efforts, legal systems, treaty practice and business culture to match global anti-corruption standards.
Anti-Corruption Laws and Investment Treaty Arbitration: An Asian Perspective
Authors: Reyes Anselmo , Haechler Till 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere are multiple international agreements that require states to criminalise corruption. This chapter deals with the effects of such international anti-corruption agreements in the field of investment treaty arbitration. Focus will be placed on Asia. This Asian perspective is pertinent given the continued prevalence of corruption in many Asian jurisdictions, despite their growing economic importance. International agreements on corruption and their implementation in domestic law can have an unintended consequence in the field of investment treaty arbitration. This is because anti-corruption laws can provide states with an effective defence against an arbitral tribunal’s jurisdiction. This chapter concludes with a proposal on how this consequence can be tempered by applying to international investment law the more nuanced approach to illegality established in recent common law jurisprudence. The article will be divided into four sections. Section 4.2will survey multilateral and bilateral international agreements on corruption. Section 4.3 will discuss how international agreements on corruption have been implemented in the domestic laws of various Asian jurisdictions. It will consider differences in anti-corruption laws of Asian states and comment on whether such differences give rise to uncertainty as to the scope of corruption crimes. Section 4.4 will look into how host states can use anti-corruption laws as a means of evading the scrutiny by arbitral tribunals of confiscatory conduct. Section 4.5 will argue that the ‘all or nothing’ approach to investments tainted with corruption should be replaced with a balancing approach to illegality.
Corruption and Investment Treaty Arbitration in India
Authors: Ranjan Prabhash 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere has been a stupendous expansion of investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) cases involving foreign investors challenging sovereign state action as breaches of the investment treaty. This expansion has resulted in a wide range of non-investment concerns being brought before ISDS tribunals. One such non-investment concern is corruption. ISDS tribunals are increasingly required to deal with the allegation that the foreign investor was involved in corrupt activities in the host state while making or working on the investment. Against this global backdrop, this chapter looks at this issue in the Indian context. The chapter studies India’s new investment treaty practice, which has developed in the last few years as a response to a large number of ISDS claims brought against India. India’s new investment treaty practice has provisions aimed at dealing with foreign investors’ corrupt practices, which is a step forward considering that India’s old investment treaties didn’t deal with corruption. However, there’s a need to strengthen these provisions in a manner that would allow the host state to bring counter-claims against foreign investors. The chapter also discusses the case of Devas v. India, where India (mis)handled the issue of the alleged involvement of the investor in corruption.
Handbook of derivative AdS amplitudes
Authors: Bzowski Adam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the 2022 study, together with Paul McFadden and Kostas Skenderis, I analyzed tree-level 3- and 4-point Witten diagrams (amplitudes) of scalar operators in anti-de Sitter space in momentum space. This paper constitutes its extension to Witten diagrams with bulk interactions involving spacetime derivatives. In d = 3 boundary dimensions the Witten diagrams involving conformally coupled and massless scalars can be evaluated in closed form. Such cases are of interest in holographic cosmology and correspond to dual operators of conformal dimensions ∆ = 2 and 3 respectively. I present explicit formulae for all such amplitudes and provide a Mathematica package serving as the repository of all the results. I discuss renormalization issues and show that, contrary to the expectation, even finite correlators may acquire non-trivial renormalization effects.
Supersymmetry and the celestial Jacobi identity
Authors: Ball Adam , Spradlin Marcus , Srikant Akshay Yelleshpur , Volovich Anastasia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper we study the simplifying effects of supersymmetry on celestial OPEs at both tree and loop level. We find at tree level that theories with unbroken supersymmetry around a stable vacuum have celestial soft current algebras satisfying the Jacobi identity, and we show at one loop that celestial OPEs in these theories have no double poles.