bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building micro‐foundations for the routines, capabilities, and performance links
Authors: Abell Peter , Felin Teppo , Foss Nicolai 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMicro‐foundations have become an important emerging theme in strategic management. This paper addresses micro‐foundations in two related ways. First, we argue that the kind of macro (or ‘collectivist') explanation that is presently utilized in the capabilities view in strategic management—which implies a neglect of micro‐foundations—is incomplete. There are no mechanisms that work solely on the macro‐level, directly connecting routines and capabilities to firm‐level outcomes. While routines and capabilities are useful shorthand for complicated patterns of individual action and interaction, ultimately they are best understood at the micro‐level. Second, we provide a formal model that shows precisely why macro‐explanation is incomplete and which exemplifies how explicit micro‐foundations may be built for notions of routines and capabilities and how these impact firm performance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No carry over of unmetabolised deoxynivalenol in milk of dairy cows fed high concentrate proportions
Authors: Keese Christina , Meyer Ulrich , Valenta Hana , Schollenberger Margit , Starke Alexander , Weber Ina‐Alexandra , Rehage Jürgen , Breves Gerhard , Dänicke Sven 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTo examine the carry over of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its metabolite de‐epoxy DON (DOM‐1) in milk, lactating German Holstein cows (n= 13) were fed an isoenergetic total mixed ration in Period 1 with 50% concentrates and 5.3 mg DON/kg dry matter (DM) over 11 wk and were compared with control cows (n= 14). In Period 2 (18 wk), an elevated concentrate proportion was compared to a low concentrate ration by dividing the cows into four Groups (n= 8): Control‐30 (30% concentrates), Myco‐30 (30% concentrates, 4.4 mg DON/kg DM), Control‐60 (60% concentrates) and Myco‐60 (60% concentrates, 4.6 mg DON/kg DM). Taken both periods together, no unmetabolised DON was detected in milk samples using the HPLC‐UV method. DOM‐1 concentrations ranged between below the LOD and 3.2 μg/kg milk in mycotoxin fed cows, while control cows did not excrete any measurable amounts of DOM‐1. Regarding the concentrate effects, the carry over of DON as DOM‐1 in milk was negligible (between 0.0001 and 0.0011) but significantly higher in Group Myco‐30 than in Group Myco‐60. This effect may result from an altered bioavailability of DON from maize silage which made up a higher proportion of the daily ration.
Characterisation of uniformly 13C, 15N labelled bacteriochlorophyll a and bacteriopheophytin a in solution and in solid state: complete assignment of the 13C, 1H and 15N chemical shifts
Authors: Egorova‐Zachernyuk Tatiana , van Rossum Barth , Erkelens Cees , de Groot Huub 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this investigation we report a complete assignment of 13C, 1H and 15N solution and solid state chemical shifts of two bacterial photosynthetic pigments, bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a and bacteriopheophytin (BPheo) a. Uniform stable‐isotope labelling strategies were developed and applied to biosynthetic preparation of photosynthetic pigments, namely uniformly 13C, 15N labelled BChl a and BPheo a. Uniform stable‐isotope labelling with 13C, 15N allowed performing the assignment of the 13C, 15N and 1H resonances. The photosynthetic pigments were isolated from the biomass of photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas palustris 17001 grown in uniformly 13C (99%) and 15N (98%) enriched medium. Both pigments were characterised by NMR in solution (acetone‐d6) and by MAS NMR in solid state and their NMR resonances were recorded and assigned through standard liquid 2D 13C13C COSY, 1H13C HMQC, 1H15N HMBC and solid 2D 13C13C RFDR, 1H13C FSLG HETCOR and 1H15N HETCOR correlation techniques at 600 MHz and 750 MHz. The characterisation of pigments is of interest from biochemical to pharmaceutical industries, photosynthesis and food research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water‐proton relaxivities of DNA oligomers carrying TEMPO radicals
Authors: Sato Yuichiro , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Okazaki Manami , Aso Mariko , Karasawa Satoru , Ueki Shoji , Suemune Hiroshi , Koga Noboru 
Published: September 2008

Abstract5‐Uridine derivative carrying a TEMPO radical (UST) was prepared and its single strand (ssUST) and a double strand (dsUST) with its complementary strand were obtained. Similarly, single strands carrying two and five radicals (ssUST2 and ssUST5, respectively) and the corresponding double strands (dsUST2 and dsUST5) were prepared. Their electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra showed typical anisotropic broadening in the high field line. The rotational correlation times, τR, estimated by analyzing the EPR spectra are 1.1 × 10−10, 5.9 × 10−10, and 14 × 10−10 s for UST, ssUSTm, and dsUSTm, respectively. The water‐proton relaxivities, r1 and r2, at 25 MHz, 0.59 T, and 25 °C, also increased in the same order and the r1 values were 0.26, 0.41, and 0.56 mM−1 s−1 for UST, ssUSTm, and dsUSTm, respectively. The r1 values of 1.00 and 2.06 mM−1 s−1 for dsUST2 and dsUST5, respectively, were obtained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogenization‐based analysis of anisotropic damage in brittle materials with unilateral effect and interactions between microcracks
Authors: Zhu Q. Z. , Kondo D. , Shao J. F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper is devoted to micromechanical modeling of induced anisotropic damage in brittle geomaterials. The formulation of the model is based on a proper homogenization procedure by taking into account unilateral effects and interactions between microcracks. The homogenization procedure is developed in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion solution and Ponte‐Castaneda and Willis (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1995; 43:1919–1951) estimate. The homogenization technique is combined with the thermodynamics framework at microscopic level for the determination of damage evolution law. A rigorous crack opening–closure transition condition is established and an energy‐release‐rate‐based damage criterion is proposed. Computational aspects on the implementation of micromechanical model are also discussed. The proposed model is evaluated by comparing numerical predictions with experimental data for various laboratory tests on concrete. Parametric studies on unilateral effects and influences of microcracks interactions are finally performed and analyzed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteobiography of a high‐status burial from the lower Río Verde Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Mayes A. T. , Barber S. B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper presents the osteobiography of an individual from an early complex society who was clearly of “special” social status but was not classified a ruling elite. Our case derives from a unique burial found at the small site of Yugüe, located in the lower Río Verde valley on the Pacific coast of Oaxaca, Mexico. Burial 14‐Individual 16 (B14‐I16) dates to the late Terminal Formative Period (CE 100–250), an era of regional political centralization and concomitant social inequality. B14‐I16 was interred with several valuable grave offerings. A plaster‐backed pyrite mirror was found below his mandible, and his left hand held an elaborately incised flute made from a deer femur. The flute is the only object of its kind known for all of Terminal Formative Mesoamerica. Drawing on the physicality of inequality, we employ osteobiography to assess the social hierarchy. Although B14‐I16 was clearly an individual of unusual status in the context of Yugüe, he was not immune from the biological assaults that affected people of less distinguished social position at this time. Like his contemporaries of all social statuses, he suffered ill health in the years during which he was weaned. However, a longer weaning period and access to additional resources may have positioned him to endure later illness better than others in this population. Passing the critical transition period at age 6 ½, a time when many children died in this burial site, his adolescent health was better than that of others in this population. Although B14‐I16 did have adult responsibilities, he didn't engage in the kinds of physical labour that marked the skeletons of others. The placement of Burial B14‐I16 in the middle tiers of the lower Río Verde valley's ancient social hierarchy provides insight into issues of inequality and status on an individual scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytotoxicity of GF‐120® NF Naturalyte® fruit fly bait carrier on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) foliage
Authors: DeLury Naomi C , Thistlewood Howard , Routledge Richard 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Six sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars were tested with GF‐120® with spinosad (0.2 g L−1 spinosad bait) or without it (blank bait) to understand leaf phytotoxicity observed in the field.RESULTS: Spinosad bait and blank bait did not differ significantly with respect to damage observed. Leaf damage was found almost exclusively at the abaxial (lower) surfaces with the doses (0, 17, 20, 25 or 40%) and cultivars tested. The effects of the blank bait on abaxial surfaces increased from 24 to 168 h, and with dose, in terms of the proportion of droplets (0.00, 0.42, 0.52, 0.75 or 0.94) and area (0.0, 18.7, 23.5, 40.5 or 91.6 mm) burned. In addition, chlorophyll was reduced with increasing dose on abaxial surfaces (SPAD = 44.6, 36.1, 34.1, 31.0, 21.5), but not on adaxial (upper) surfaces (SPAD = 44.6, 44.2, 44.0, 44.8, 44.4). The chlorophyll level in undamaged leaves (adaxial surfaces) differed by cultivar. Cherry leaves were less damaged by a 20% bait application in June (0.26) than in July (0.46) and August (0.50). Incidental insect leaf feeding at bait locations occurred at a low rate and was highest on abaxial bait surfaces.CONCLUSIONS: Applying GF‐120 to the adaxial leaf surface, or at doses of ⩽20%, will minimize leaf phytotoxicity. © 2008 Crown in the Right of Canada and Society of Chemical Industry. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Electrical characterization of SiO2(Si) films as a medium for charge storage
Authors: Evtukh A. , Bratus' O. , Gorbanyuk T. , Ievtukh V. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAt present, the nonvolatile memory devices based on different kinds of nanocrystals are intensively developed. The important problem for further progress is connected with the optimization of gate multilayer structure. The aim of this work is the investigation of the electrical properties of thin nanocomposite SiO2(Si) films as a medium for the charge storage. The silicon enriched SiOx films were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE CVD) method. The film composition was controlled changing the ratio of the flows of reactive gases SiH4 and N2O in a vacuum chamber. Subsequent thermal annealing led to the phase separation in SiOx films with a formation of nanocomposite SiO2(Si) structure of Si nanocrystals in dielectric matrix. Capacity‐voltage and current‐voltage measurements of MIS structures with gate nanocomposite SiO2(Si) films allowed to optimize the technological conditions of the formation of MIS structures with good charge storage properties. The value and the sign of stored charge were determined from the shift of C‐V characteristics. Analysis of the C‐V characteristics of MIS structures with nanocomposite SiO2(Si) films used equivalent circuit with the capacity of nanocrystals connected in parallel to the capacity of dielectric. The decrease of capacity in the accumulation region caused by nanocrystals was observed. The mechanism of current transport through the SiO2(Si) films was analyzed. It is determined to occur by tunneling through the SiO2 layers between the Si nanocrystals. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of the early stages of Cr/4H‐SiC(11‐20) interface formation and its behavior at high temperatures
Authors: Dontas I. , Karakalos S. , Ladas S. , Kennou S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe early stages of the Cr/4H‐SiC(11‐20) interface formation at room temperature and the influence of annealing up to 1170 K in ultra‐high‐vacuum were investigated using XPS and Work Function (WF) measurements. The ultrathin polycrystalline Cr film growth onto the SiC surface was via 3D‐cluster formation after the first 1‐2 monolayers. The height of the Schottky barrier (SBH) at the Cr/4H‐SiC (11‐20) interface was found by XPS to be 1.2±0.1 eV at room temperature. Annealing up to 920 K did not cause any significant changes in the film, except for some enrichment in oxygen, whereas the SBH exhibited a gradual increase by 0.3±0.1 eV. Farther annealing up to 1170 K led to drastic Cr coalescence and/or partial removal from the surface region, leaving on the exposed SiC substrate surface excess oxygen in the form of SiOx species and traces of interfacial silicide formation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studying compatibilities between quantum cellular automata and Kane's semiconductor based quantum computer
Authors: Ntalaperas D. , Konofaos N. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe aim of our work is to demonstrate a way of combining two different methods of achieving Quantum Computation: a) Kane's semiconductor based quantum computer and b) Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA). In our work, we demonstrate the physics, we propose the model and the circuit and we estimate the error in computation. The amount of error due to decoherence is estimated as a function of the input size and a lower bound for that size is given for which the proposed circuit can calculate in an error free mode, provided that in our simulated system the decoherence times for a single qubit (tϕ) predicted by Kane are applied. The numerical values are tϕ= 103sec, and for the error fidelity e = 10‐5, which are within the limits of the values proposed by the Kane computer. Hence, in our case, compatibility between QCAs and Kane implementation is shown to be feasible. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
TEM characterization of VLS‐grown ZnTe nanowires
Authors: Kirmse H. , Neumann W. , Kret S. , Dłużewski P. , Janik E. , Karczewski G. , Wojtowicz T. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractZnTe nanowires were grown via a vapour‐liquid‐solid pro‐ cess. Nano‐sized droplets of a gold‐based eutectic act as catalysts. The comprehensive transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that the nanowires are single crystals with numerous stacking faults and twins. The dimension of the wires is several micrometers in length and a few tens of nanometers in diameter. At the sidewall of the nanowires additional nanocrystals of ZnO embedded in an amorphous layer are identified. The formation process of the nanowires can be understood as a two‐step process. The first step is the one‐dimensional growth along the wire axis by consuming all the material deposited near the droplet. In a second step, facets are formed due to lateral growth of the nanowire. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of Red Ginseng extract on ultraviolet B‐irradiated skin change in C57BL mice
Authors: Kim Young Gon , Sumiyoshi Maho , Kawahira Kazuhiro , Sakanaka Masahiro , Kimura Yoshiyuki 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRed Ginseng (the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is used clinically in China, Korea and Japan for various diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension and stress etc. Although Red Ginseng roots have traditionally been thought to have antiageing effects, the basis for this hearsay is unclear. This study examined the effects of Red Ginseng extract on ultraviolet B (UVB)‐irradiated skin ageing in mice. Oral administration of Red Ginseng extract (20 or 60 mg/kg, twice daily) prevented UVB‐irradiated skin damage (increases of skin thickness and pigmentation, and reduction of skin elasticity). Furthermore, Red Ginseng extract inhibited the increases of epidermis and corium thickness induced by UVB irradiation. Red Ginseng extract inhibited the increase of skin TGF‐β1 content induced by UVB irradiation. These findings suggest that the protective action of Red Ginseng extract against UVB‐irradiated skin ageing may be due partly to an inhibition of the increase of skin TGF‐β1 induced by UVB irradiation. In conclusion, the oral administration of Red Ginseng extract may be useful as a health supplement for protection against photoageing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracts of Liriopsis tuber protect AMPA induced brain damage and improve memory with the activation of insulin receptor and ERK I/II
Authors: Kim Sung‐Jin , Lee Keun 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe brain insulin receptor and ERK I/II are known to play an important role in memory formation and neuroprotection. A series of experiments was designed to explore if Liriopsis tuber (LT) extracts could exhibit neuroprotection and memory enhancing actions. LT was extracted with 70% methanol and subsequently fractionated into chloroform (fraction C), chloroform/methanol‐(3:1) (fraction CM), methanol‐soluble (fraction M) and methanol‐insoluble, water‐soluble fractions (fraction A). The LT fractions (T, C, M, A) significantly inhibited the cortical depolarization induced by AMPA in cortical slices of rats. In addition, these fractions were also effective in promoting memory in the passive avoidance test in mice. To gain insight into the mechanism of memory enhancing effects by Liriopsis tuber extracts, the activities of hippocampal insulin receptors and ERK I/II were tested in rats. Extract of LT (T) dramatically stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, while fraction C of LT also significantly stimulated the same. In addition, ERK I/II were stimulated and cholinesterase activities were inhibited by fractions T, C, M and A in the rat hippocampus. These results suggest that Liriopsis tuber extracts may exert neuroprotection and memory enhancing effects via activation of the insulin receptor and ERK I/II as well as inhibiting cholinesterase. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary investigation of the radiosensitizing activity of guduchi (Tinospora Cordifolia) in tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Rao Shaival Kamalaksha , Rao Priya Shaival , Rao B. Nageshwara 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe radiosensitizing activity of dichloromethane extract of guduchi [Tinospora cordifolia (WILLD.) MIERS ex HOOK. F. & THOMS. Family: Menispermaceae (TCE)] in the mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) was investigated. The EAC mice received 0, 25, 30, 40, 50 or 100 mg/kg b.wt. TCE 1 h before exposure to 6 Gy hemi‐body γ‐radiation and then once daily for another eight consecutive days after irradiation. The EAC mice receiving TCE for the above regimen showed a dose‐dependent elevation in tumor‐free survival; the highest radiosensitizing activity was observed at 30 mg/kg b. wt. TCE. Treatment of animals with 30 mg/kg b. wt. TCE, 1 h before exposure to 6 Gy of hemi‐body gamma irradiation and subsequently once daily for another six consecutive days post‐irradiation increased the life span of EAC mice. This is evident by more number of long‐term survivors (LTS) as well as survivors beyond 120 days when compared to the group of animals that received TCE after irradiation for six consecutive days. Treatment modality was also altered to assess the radiosensitizing effect of TCE before and after irradiation. Evaluation of glutathione (GSH), glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation (LPx) in mice treated with TCE 1 h before irradiation and subsequently once daily for another six days showed a significant decline in GSH up to 14 h and GST up to 24 h accompanied by a significant elevation in LPx at 12 h post‐irradiation. The radiosensitization of TCE may be due to depletion of glutathione and glutathione‐S‐transferase, accompanied by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage of tumor cells. Since Tinospora cordifolia is being used in India for treatment of various ailments, it may offer an alternative treatment strategy for cancer in combination with gamma radiation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of North American Ginseng on 137Cs‐induced Micronuclei in Human Lymphocytes: A Comparison with WR‐1065
Authors: Lee Tung‐Kwang , Wang Weidong , O'Brien Kevin F. , Johnke Roberta M. , Wang Tao , Allison Ron R. , Diaz Angelica L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTo explore the radioprotective effect of a standardized North American ginseng extract (NAGE) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), a micronuclei (MN) assay was conducted in PBL obtained from 12 volunteers. NAGE (50–1000 µg/mL) and WR‐1065 (1 mm and 3 mm) were applied to PBL cultures at 0 h and 90 min post‐irradiation. It was found that (1) the baseline MN yield of PBL ranged from 14.4 ± 1.5 to 15.9 ± 1.5 per 1000 binucleated cells (p > 0.05); after irradiation (1 Gy and 2 Gy), the MN yield increased sharply; (2) MN yields declined with increasing concentrations of NAGE and WR‐1065. Even at 90 min post‐irradiation of 1 Gy, the maximum level of MN reduction rate caused by NAGE and WR‐1065 was 53.8% and 59.2%, respectively; after 2 Gy irradiation, it was 37.3% and 42%, respectively; (3) the MN distribution in PBL followed a non‐Poisson distribution in all cases; and (4) both NAGE and WR‐1065 showed no significant effect on the proliferation index of lymphocytes. The results indicate that NAGE is a relatively non‐toxic natural product, which can be administered as a dietary supplement and has the potential to be a radiation countermeasure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant activity ofSanionia uncinata, a polar moss species from King George Island, Antarctica
Authors: Bhattarai Hari Datta , Paudel Babita , Lee Hyoung Seok , Lee Yoo Kyung , Yim Joung Han 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAntioxidant agents counter reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can be used in cosmetic and medicinal applications. The goal of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of an Antarctic moss species from King George Island (Antarctica), tentatively designated as KSJ‐M5. On the basis of morphological characteristics, KSJ‐M5 was identified asSanionia uncinata(Hedw.) Loeske (Amblystegiaceae). The identification was confirmed by comparing the partial sequence of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region with that in GenBank. The antioxidant activity of an ethanol extract of KSJ‐M5 was evaluated by analyzing its reducing power, superoxide scavenging activity, ABTS [2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid)] cation scavenging activity, and DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) free‐radical scavenging activity. The reducing power of 1 mg of KSJ‐M5 extract was equivalent to 31.9 ± 0.9 µg (Mean ± SD,n= 3) of the commercial standard, BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). IC50values of the KSJ‐M5 extract for DPPH free‐radical scavenging activity, superoxide scavenging activity, and ABTS cation scavenging activity were found as 356 ± 26.8 µg/mL, 466.2 ± 43.4 µg/mL, and 181.3 ± 12.2 µg/mL, respectively. The total phenolic content in 1 mg of KSJM5 extract was equivalent to 12.7 ± 2.7 µg of pyrocatechol. These results clearly showed that KSJ‐M5 could be an important source of natural antioxidant agents for improved medicinal and cosmetic applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.