bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contraceptive use and associations with intimate partner violence among a population‐based sample of New Zealand women
Authors: FANSLOW JANET , WHITEHEAD Anna , SILVA Martha , ROBINSON Elizabeth 
Published: February 2008

Aim:  To outline the use of contraception among a representative sample of New Zealand women, and explore associations with intimate partner violence (IPV), and contraception and condom use.Methods:  Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with a random sample of 2790 women who had ever had sexual intercourse, aged 18–64 years old in two regions (urban and rural) in New Zealand. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression and Wald χ2 tests.Results:  Almost all women had used contraception at some point in their life, and almost one half of all women 18–49 years were currently using methods of contraception. Contraceptive use and methods varied significantly by location. Women who had ever experienced IPV were significantly more likely to report having ever used contraception, compared with women who had not experienced IPV (91% vs 85.2%). While having a partner who refused to use or tried to stop women from using a method of contraception was rare, it was significantly more common among women who had ever experienced IPV (5.4% vs 1.3%).Conclusions:  Most women have used contraception at some point. Women who have ever experienced IPV were: more likely to have used contraception than women who have not experienced IPV, and to have had partners who refused to use condoms or prevented women from using contraception. Partner refusal may be a key indicator of IPV. These findings emphasise the importance of family violence screening at routine health consultations.
Hospital‐based interventions at and following miscarriage: Literature to inform a research‐practice initiative
Authors: STRATTON Katrina , LLOYD Libby 
Published: February 2008

Background:  It is estimated that up to one in five pregnancies will result in miscarriage, the spontaneous loss of pregnancy up to 20 weeks gestation. Miscarriage is such a common form of reproductive loss that it is often under acknowledged by the community, including health professionals. Dissatisfaction with care following miscarriage is well noted despite evidence that the care provided in hospital can have a significant effect on the experience of and the emotional and physical recovery from a miscarriage.Aims:  The aim of this literature review was to determine any evidence‐based guidelines for hospital‐based medical and psychosocial services following a miscarriage.Methods:  A search was made of medical and psychosocial databases for key terms. Further searches were then carried out using references. Articles were critically analysed and implications for service delivery derived.Results:  Indications for service delivery at the time of miscarriage and follow up are clear from the reported experiences of women and the psychological sequelae of miscarriage. However, there is little evidence to support the efficacy of follow up postdischarge. There are implications for service delivery and research in six domains: staff care, assessment, information, phone follow up, risk assessment and care during subsequent pregnancies.Conclusions:  Further research is needed to establish the impact on women and staff of routine follow‐up care after a miscarriage.
Laparoscopic management of adnexal tumours in post‐hysterectomy women
Authors: LEE Jung Hun , KYUNG Min Sun , JUNG Un Suk , CHOI Joong Sub 
Published: February 2008

Background:  Laparoscopy is becoming common for the management of complex benign gynaecological diseases, in which considerable adhesions are expected, thus making the laparoscopic surgery more difficult to perform.Aims:   To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic surgery for adnexal tumours in post‐hysterectomy women.Methods:  In a retrospective study, we reviewed and analysed 40 post‐hysterectomy women who were treated surgically for benign ovarian tumours at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, from May 1999 to April 2007. Twenty women received laparotomic surgery and 20 were treated by laparoscopic surgery. Operating time, haemoglobin changes, complication rates, return of bowel activity, and duration of hospital stay were evaluated.Results:  Operating time, haemoglobin changes, and complication rates were similar for both groups. For the laparoscopy group, the return of bowel activity was significantly faster (33 vs 45 h; P = 0.0131) and hospital stay was significantly shorter (four vs eight days; P = 0.0005) than for the laparotomy group.Conclusions:  Laparoscopic surgery for adnexal tumours in post‐hysterectomy women might be an effective and safe alternative to laparotomic surgery. Surgical experience in this procedure and a thorough understanding of retroperitoneal anatomy from a laparoscopic view are mandatory to ensure low morbidity.
Oral celecoxib versus oral diclofenac for post‐perineal repair analgesia after spontaneous vaginal birth: A randomised trial
Authors: LIM Soo Soo , TAN Peng Chiong , SOCKALINGAM Jayanthi Karen , OMAR Siti Zawiah 
Published: February 2008

Objective:  To compare oral celecoxib with oral diclofenac as pain reliever after perineal repair following normal vaginal birth.Methods:  One hundred and sixty‐four and 165 women, respectively, were randomised to 200 mg celecoxib or to 100 mg diclofenac orally 12 hourly for 24 h after perineal repair. A ten‐point visual analog scale (VAS) for pain recorded at one, two, four, eight, 12 and 24 hours at rest and when mobilising was the primary outcome.Results:  Repeated measures analysis of variance showed a larger reduction of VAS pain score at rest with celecoxib compared to diclofenac (P = 0.044). Mean VAS pain score at rest was 2.2 versus 2.7, 2.1 versus 2.5, 1.8 versus 2.2, 1.6 versus 1.6, 1.3 versus 1.4 at one, two, four, eight, 12 and 24 hours, respectively, for celecoxib versus diclofenac. The difference in pain score when mobilising was not significant (P = 0.75). Univariate analyses with the Student's t‐test indicated significantly lower pain score at rest only at one, two and four hours with celecoxib.Randomisation to celecoxib was associated with less upper gastrointestinal symptoms reported: 38 of 163 (23.3%) versus 57 of 165 (34.5%) (relative risk 0.67 95% CI 0.48–0.96: P = 0.029) but additional analgesia for breakthrough pain was not significantly different eight of 161 (5.0%) versus 18 of 165 (10.9%) (relative risk 0.46 95% CI 0.20–1.01: P = 0.065).Conclusion:  Celecoxib was associated with a slightly lower VAS pain score at rest and less upper gastrointestinal symptoms were reported when compared to diclofenac.
Is incidental appendectomy necessary in women with ovarian endometrioma?
Authors: WIE He Jong , LEE Jung Hun , KYUNG Min Sun , JUNG Un Suk , CHOI Joong Sub 
Published: February 2008

Background:  Several studies reported that pathology of the appendix is frequently detected alongside endometriosis, especially with chronic pelvic pain. Furthermore, ovarian endometriosis is a marker of more extensive pelvic and intestinal disease.Aims:  To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of incidental appendectomy in laparoscopic surgical treatment for ovarian endometrioma.Methods:  One hundred and six women with ovarian endometrioma underwent laparoscopic surgery including laparoscopic appendectomy. Clinicopathological data were collected and analysed.Results:  The main symptoms consisted of lower abdominal pain in 51 (48.1%) women, dysmenorrhoea in 23 (21.7%), left lower quadrant pain in 6 (5.7%), right lower quadrant pain in nine (8.5%), chronic pelvic pain in five (4.7%), and others in 12 (11.3%). Only three (3.3%) of the 106 women had abnormal findings on gross inspection during laparoscopic surgery: two women with endometriotic spots on the surface of their appendixes, and one with peri‐appendiceal inflammation with severe adhesions. Of the 106 resected appendixes, 37 (34.9%) had histopathologically confirmed pathology including lymphoid hyperplasia in 12 (11.3%), endometriosis in 14 (13.2%), peri‐appendicitis and serositis in five (4.7%), carcinoid tumour in three (2.8%), and others in three (2.8%).Conclusions:  In all surgical treatments for ovarian endometrioma, surgeons need to preoperatively inform the patients of the fact that appendiceal pathology including endometriosis is found frequently regardless of concurrent symptoms or gross finding of the appendix. Furthermore, surgeons should take into account the possibility of appendiceal pathology during operation.
On thermobarometry
Authors: POWELL R. , HOLLAND T. J. B. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThermobarometry, the estimation of the pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions of metamorphism, can be undertaken by using pseudosection calculations as well as by conventional methods. Conventional thermobarometry uses only the equilibrium thermodynamics of balanced reactions between end‐members of minerals, combined with the observed compositions of minerals. In contrast, pseudosections involve a forward calculation of mineral equilibria for a given rock composition. When related to observed rock data such as mineral assemblages, mineral proportions and mineral compositions, pseudosections have the power to provide valuable additional thermobarometric information. This is because the rock composition provides added constraints on P–T, unavailable in conventional thermobarometry, such as when minerals in the mineral assemblage are no longer stable, or when additional minerals join the mineral assemblage. Considering both conventional and pseudosection thermobarometry, a minimum requirement is that they use the same thermodynamic data and activity–composition models for the minerals involved. A new thermocalc facility is introduced that allows pseudosection datafile coding to be used for conventional thermobarometry. Guidelines are given and pitfalls discussed relating to pseudosection modelling and conventional thermobarometry. We argue that, commonly, pseudosection modelling provides the most powerful thermobarometric tools.
Thermobarometric modelling of zircon and monazite growth in melt‐bearing systems: examples using model metapelitic and metapsammitic granulites
Authors: KELSEY D. E. , CLARK C. , HAND M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractU–Pb age data collected from zircon and monazite are used to draw fundamental inferences about tectonic processes in the Earth. Despite the emphasis placed on zircon and monazite ages, the understanding of how to relate the timing of growth of zircon and monazite to an evolving rock system remains in its infancy. In addition, few studies have presented large datasets of geochronological data from zircon and monazite occurring in the same metamorphic rock sample. Such information is crucial for understanding the growth of zircon relative to monazite in a systematic and predictive manner, as per this study. The data that exist support the generally held conception that zircon ages tend to be older than monazite ages within the same rock. Here experimental data for zircon and monazite saturation in melt‐bearing rocks are integrated with phase diagram calculations. The calculations constrain the dissolution and growth behaviour of zircon and monazite with respect to evolving pressure, temperature and silicate mineral assemblages in high‐grade, melt‐bearing, metasedimentary rocks. Several key results emerge from this modelling: first, that in aluminous metapelitic rocks (i.e. garnet + cordierite + sillimanite assemblages), zircon ages are older than monazite ages in the same rock; second, that the growth rate of accessory minerals is nonlinear and much higher at and near saturation than at lower temperatures; and third, that the difference in zircon and monazite ages from the same rock may be ascribed to differences in the temperature(s) at which zircon and monazite grow rather than differences in closure temperature systematics. Using our methodology the cooling rate of granulites from the Reynolds Range, central Australia, have been constrained at ∼4 °C Myr−1. This study serves as a first‐pass template on which further research in applying the technique to a field study can be based.
Age and duration of ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism in the Anápolis–Itauçu Complex, Southern Brasília Belt, central Brazil – constraints from U–Pb geochronology, mineral rare earth element chemistry and trace‐element thermometry
Authors: BALDWIN J. A. , BROWN M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIntegrated petrographic and chemical analysis of zircon, garnet and rutile from ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) granulites in the Anápolis–Itauçu Complex, Brazil, is used to constrain the significance of zircon ID‐TIMS U–Pb geochronological data. Chondrite‐normalized rare earth element (REE) profiles of zircon cores have positive‐sloping heavy‐REE patterns, commonly inferred to be magmatic, whereas unambiguous metamorphic grains and overgrowths have flat to slightly negatively sloping heavy‐REE patterns. However, in one sample, a core of zircon interpreted as having formed prior to garnet crystallization and a metamorphic zircon formed within microstructures involving garnet breakdown both display elevated heavy‐REE (and Y) with positive‐sloping patterns. DREE(zrc/grt) partition coefficients suggest an approximation to equilibrium between zircon and garnet cores, although progressive enrichment in heavy REE towards garnet rims occurs in two of the samples investigated. Titanium‐in‐zircon thermometry indicates zircon growth during both the prograde and post‐peak evolution, but not at peak temperatures of the UHT metamorphism. By contrast, zirconium‐in‐rutile thermometry of inclusions armoured by garnet records crystallization temperatures, based on the upper end of the interquartile range of the data, of ∼890 to 870 °C and maximum temperature around 980 °C, indicating prograde and retrograde growth close to and after peak conditions. Rutile located in retrograde microstructures records crystallization temperatures of 850 to 820 °C. Rutile intergrown with ilmenite and included within orthopyroxene, which is associated with exsolved zircon, records temperatures ∼760 °C, consistent with Ti‐in‐zircon crystallization temperatures. ID‐TIMS U–Pb geochronological data from two of the four samples investigated define upper intercept ages of 641.3 ± 8.4 Ma (MSWD 0.91) and 638.8 ± 2.5 Ma (MSWD 1.03) that correlate with periods of zircon growth along the prograde segment of the P–T path. Individual zircon U–Pb dates retrieved from all samples range from 649 to 634 Ma, indicating a maximum duration of c. 15 Myr for the UHT event. This period is interpreted as recording modest thickening of hot backarc lithosphere located behind the Arenópolis Arc at the edge of the São Francisco Craton consequent upon terminal collision of the Parána Block with the arc during the amalgamation of West Gondwana.
Investigation of Homicides Interred in Concrete—The Los Angeles Experience*
Authors: Toms Carla , Rogers Christopher B. , Sathyavagiswaran Lakshmanan 
Published: February 2008

Abstract:Decedents interred in concrete present unique problems and investigation of these deaths necessitates a team of forensic specialists. The Los Angeles County Department of Coroner has had five such deaths in the past 18 years. The buried cases needed layer‐by‐layer excavation to establish the time and cause of death. Metal detectors are often used in this process. X‐rays of the interred remains were completed to help with locating the decedent’s position in the concrete. The breaking of concrete in some of the cases required the use of a sledgehammer and later a chisel in a manner that would not damage the remains. Postmortem dismemberment was frequent in our cases. The decedents were all female or prepubescent children, and the perpetrators were closely related to the decedents. While concrete can interfere with determination of postmortem interval, it can also preserve the remains and assist with identification.
Caddisflies Assist with Homicide Case: Determining a Postmortem Submersion Interval Using Aquatic Insects*
Authors: Wallace John R. , Merritt Richard W. , Kimbirauskas Ryan , Benbow M. Eric , McIntosh Mollie 
Published: February 2008

Abstract:Although few indicators of time since death for corpses found in aquatic ecosystems are comparable in precision to the insect indicators used in terrestrial cases, there are observations that can be useful in suggesting or ruling out an approximate PMSI (postmortem submersion interval). For example, the time intervals required for certain growth phases of aquatic insects, such as caddisflies, that may attach themselves to the submerged remains can be used to estimate a minimum PMSI. Approximately 8 of the 13 orders of insects containing species with aquatic or semi‐aquatic stages are likely to be associated with carrion or corpses in aquatic habitats. We present a case study in which portions of a body from an adult male were discovered in a south central Michigan stream. The body was dismembered and portions were recovered from two bags floating and submerged in the stream. Insect specimens collected from mesh and plastic bags consisted of one fly larva belonging to the family Muscidae, and caddisfly larvae belonging to two families: the Limnephilidae. (case‐makers) and the Hydropsychidae, (net spinners). We used unique case‐building behaviors of the limnephilid caddisflies found on the remains to elucidate a PMSI range consistent with the disappearance of the victim. It is important for forensic investigators to understand that although some precision is lost in estimating a PMSI with aquatic insects, these organisms should not be ignored in gathering evidence from aquatic crime scenes, and in fact, they can provide valuable details in estimating a PMSI.
Cyclophotocoagulation with the transscleral contact red 670‐nm diode laser in the treatment of glaucoma
Authors: Raivio Virpi E. , Puska Päivi M. , Immonen Ilkka J. R. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  To retrospectively evaluate the results of cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) with the transscleral contact red 670‐nm diode laser in treating glaucoma.Methods:  Cyclophotocoagulation was performed in 60 eyes of 60 patients with a mean age of 74 ± 11 years (range 49–90 years). The treatment was delivered via a fibre‐optic probe. The power per application was 430 mW. Exposure time was 10 seconds.Results:  The mean overall follow‐up time after the initial CPC was 26 ± 20 months (range 3–75 months). Preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 27 ± 11 mmHg (n = 60). After one or more CPC treatments, mean IOP decreased to 20 ± 7 mmHg (n = 51) at 1 month, 19 ± 5 mmHg (n = 45) at 3 months, 18 ± 5 mmHg (n = 29) at 6 months, 19 ± 7 mmHg (n = 22) at 1 year, 18 ± 7 mmHg (n = 16) at 2 years, 14 ± 4 mmHg (n = 8) at 3 years, and 18 ± 6 mmHg (n = 60) at the last follow‐up. An IOP of 8–21 mmHg or a > 30% decrease in IOP was obtained in 33 of 41 eyes (80%) with baseline IOP > 21 mmHg at the last follow‐up. Hypotonia (IOP < 8 mmHg) did not develop in any of the eyes studied.Conclusions:  Cyclophotocoagulation with the red 670‐nm diode laser is an effective and well tolerated means of treating glaucoma.
A randomized‐controlled trial of food choices made by edentulous adults
Authors: Ellis J. S. , Thomason J. M. , Jepson N. J. , Nohl F. , Smith D. G. , Allen P. F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to conduct a randomized‐controlled trial to compare food choices of edentulous adults provided with implant‐supported mandibular overdentures and conventional dentures.Methods: Edentulous patients were randomly allocated to an implant group (IG) or a denture group (DG). IG subjects (n=49) were provided with conventional maxillary dentures and implant‐retained mandibular overdentures. Subjects in this group refusing implants were retained using the ‘intention‐to‐treat principle’ and provided with conventional dentures. DG subjects (n=48) were provided with conventional dentures.Subjects indicated whether they consumed any of seven test foods and the level of chewing difficulty experienced. Data were collected pre‐treatment and 3 months post treatment.Results: IG subjects reported increased consumption of carrots, apples and nuts post‐treatment (P<0.05) and decreased post‐treatment difficulty in chewing apples and nuts. DG subjects reported decreased post‐treatment difficulty in chewing carrots, bacon and nuts (P<0.05). Between group differences for chewing difficulty were detected for nuts that DG subjects found easier to chew than IG subjects (P=0.002).Conclusion: Food selection and perceived chewing difficulty improved in both groups, with no significant differences between groups.Successful rehabilitation may not result in different food selection, which may require concurrent tailored dietary interventions, but may increase available food choices.
Dental implants placed in grafted maxillary sinuses: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcome according to the initial clinical situation and a proposal of defect classification
Authors: Chiapasco Matteo , Zaniboni Marco , Rimondini Lia 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective of the study: To present a classification of maxillary defects necessitating sinus floor elevation procedures (SFEPs) with two objectives: (a) to propose a standardization of surgical procedures according to initial type of atrophy and (b) to allow the evaluation of the success/survival rates of implants placed in the grafted areas according to the initial situation.Materials and methods: Nine‐hundred and fifty‐two consecutive SFEP were performed on 692 patients. Initial defects were classified according to a new classification, which considered not only residual bone height below the sinus but also the width of the alveolar crest and horizontal/vertical intermaxillary relationship. Results were evaluated according to the different classes. The sinuses were grafted with autogenous bone taken from intra‐oral or extra‐oral sites: 579 SFEP were associated with vertical and/or horizontal onlay grafts to correct concomitant alveolar ridge deficits. A total of 2037 implants were inserted into the grafted sinuses either immediately or 4–6 months later. Three to 6 months afterwards, implants were loaded. The mean follow‐up was 59 months (range: 12–144 months).Results: The success rate of the reconstructive procedures varied between 93.2% and 100%, according to class of atrophy; the overall survival and success rates of implants were 95.8% and 92.5%, respectively, whereas the survival and success rates according to class of atrophy varied between 90% and 97.6%, and between 85.4% and 95.5%, respectively. Lower success rates were found in classes presenting with more severe atrophy.Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrated that sinus floor elevation, alone or in association with reconstructive procedures with autogenous bone grafts, is a reliable procedure to allow implant placement in atrophic edentulous maxillae, irrespective of the initial clinical situation. However, it must be underlined that the success rates of reconstructive procedures and implants differ according to class of atrophy, showing lower success rates in classes presenting with more severe atrophy.