bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stillbirth rate and associated factors at the Bamenda Regional hospital, North-West region, Cameroon, from 2018 to 2022: a case control study
Authors: Mforteh Achuo Ascensius Ambe , Pisoh Dobgima Walter , Boten Merlin , Andoh Nkomodio Enanga-Linda , Tameh Theodore Yangsi , Mbi-Kobenge Audrey-Fidelia Eyere , Ombaku Kingsley Sama , Takang William Ako , Mbu Robinson Enow 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Stillbirth is a common adverse pregnancy outcome worldwide, with an estimated 2.6 million stillbirths yearly. In Cameroon, the reported rate in 2015 was 19.6 per 1000 live births. Several risk factors have been described, but region-specific risk factors are not known in the northwest region of Cameroon. This study aims to determine the stillbirth rate and associated factors at the Bamenda Regional hospital, North-West region of Cameroon.

Materials and methods
A Hospital-based case‒control study conducted from December 2022 to June 2023 on medical files from 2018 to 2022 at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Cases were women with stillbirths that occurred at a gestational age of ≥ 28 weeks, while controls were women with livebirths matched in a 1:2 (1 case for 2 controls) ratio using maternal age. Sociodemographic, obstetric, medical, and neonatal factors were used as exposure variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine adjusted odds ratios of exposure variables with 95% confidence intervals and a p value of < 0.05.

Results
A total of 12,980 births including 116 stillbirths giving a stillbirth rate of 8.9 per 1000 live births. A hundred cases and 200 controls were included. Factors associated with stillbirths after multivariable analysis include nulliparity (aOR = 3.89; 95% CI: 1.19–12.71; p = 0.025), not attending antenatal care (aOR = 104; 95% CI: 3.17–3472; p = 0.009), history of stillbirth (aOR = 44; 95% CI: 7-270; p < 0.0001), placenta abruption (aOR = 14; 95% CI: 2.4–84; p = 0.003), hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (aOR = 18; 95% CI: 3.4–98; p = 0.001), malaria (aOR = 8; 95% CI: 1.51-42; p = 0.015), alcohol consumption (aOR = 9; 95% CI: 1.72-50; p = 0.01), birth weight less than 2500 g (aOR = 16; 95% CI: 3.0–89; p = 0.001), and congenital malformations (aOR = 12.6; 95% CI: 1.06–149.7;p = 0.045).

Conclusion
The stillbirth rate in BRH is 8.9 per 1000 live births. Associated factors for stillbirth include nulliparity, not attending antenatal care, history of stillbirth, placental abruption, hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, malaria, alcohol consumption, birth weight less than 2500 g, and congenital malformations. Close antenatal care follow-up of women with such associated factors is recommended.
Moderating and mediating effects of resilience between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences among college students
Authors: Hu Heqiong , Chen Chunping , Xu Bingna , Wang Dongfang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Extensive literature revealed that childhood trauma serves as a significant risk factor for developing psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) among the general population. Resilience has been regarded as a protective factor against PLEs. However, it remains unclear what role resilience plays in the relationship between childhood trauma and PLEs.

Methods
A total of 4302 college students completed the web-based survey in January 2021. Participants completed self-report measures of sample characteristics variables, childhood trauma, and PLEs. Moderation and mediation analyses were adopted to examine the associations linking childhood trauma, resilience, and PLEs.

Results
PLEs were positively associated with childhood trauma while negatively associated with resilience. Resilience played a partially mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and PLEs. Additionally, resilience moderated the association of childhood trauma with PLEs.

Conclusions
These findings indicated that resilience plays a crucial role in mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and PLEs, suggesting the potential clinical implication of enhancing resilience for the prevention and intervention of PLEs among college students.
Face-to-face bullying in and outside of schools and cyberbullying are associated with suicidality in Kenyan high school students: a public health issue
Authors: Ndetei David M. , Mutiso Victoria , Shanley Jenelle R. , Musyimi Christine , Nyamai Pascalyne , Munyua Timothy , Osborn Tom L. , Johnson Natalie E. , Gilbert Sonja , Abio Anne , Javed Afzal , Sourander Andre 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Childhood bullying has been classified as a major public health concern by WHO, with negative effects on the health education and social outcomes of both bullies and victims. There is no current Kenyan data on the prevalence of face-to-face bullying and cyberbullying co-occurring in the same cohort of youth and how they are associated with different aspects of suicidality and socio-demographic characteristics. This study aims to fill these gaps in the Kenyan situation so as to inform current policy and practice.

Methodology
This cross-sectional study involved 2,652 students from ten secondary schools in Kenya, selected from three regions representing different levels of public funded schools and socioeconomic spaces. The outcome variable was derived from the questionnaire which asked students questions related to self-harm, suicide thoughts, plans, and attempts. Predictor variables were based on response on experience of bullying in school, out of school, at home, and cyberbullying. Other variables such as gender, age, family background, and class were also collected from the self-reported questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with descriptive summary statistics and chi-square tests used to examine variables, and logistic regression analysis used to determine the associations between suicidality and experience of bullying.

Results
The mean age was 16.13 years. More than half of the participants were male, with the largest proportion living in rural areas. Face-to-face bullying was more prevalent than cyberbullying, with 82% of participants experiencing bullying and 68% experiencing it almost daily in the past six months. Both face-to-face bullying and cyberbullying were associated with suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts. Predictors of suicidal attempts included being bullied outside of school and being a victim of group bullying, while being bullied every day and being bullied by adult men were predictors of suicidal attempts in cyberbullying.

Conclusion
There is a high prevalence of face-to-face bullying both in and outside schools. There is also a high prevalence of cyberbullying. Both face-to-face and cyberbullying are associated with suicidality in Kenyan high school students.
The protective effect of CALD identity in the presence of low income on missing teeth of Australian adults over time
Authors: Jamieson Lisa , Mejia Gloria , Haag Dandara G , Soares Gustavo H , Luzzi Liana , Ju Xiangqun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
‘Culturally And Linguistically Diverse (CALD)’ populations have diverse languages, ethnic backgrounds, societal structures and religions. CALD populations have not experienced the same oral health benefits as non-CALD groups in Australia. However, the socio-demographic profile of Australian CALD populations is changing. This study examined how household income modifies the oral health of CALD and non-CALD adults in Australia.

Methods
Data were from two National Surveys of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH) conducted in 2004-06 (NSAOH 2004-06) and 2017-18 (NSAOH 2017-18). The outcome was self-reported number of missing teeth. CALD status was identified based on English not the primary language spoken at home and country of birth not being Australia. Social disadvantage was defined by total annual household income. Effect-measure modification was used to verify differences on effect sizes per strata of CALD status and household income. The presence of modification was indicated by Relative Excess Risk due to Interactions (RERIs).

Results
A total of 14,123 participants took part in NSAOH 2004-06. The proportion identifying as CALD was 11.7% and 56.7% were in the low-income group, and the mean number of missing teeth was 6.9. A total of 15,731 participants took part in NSAOH 2017-18. The proportion identifying as CALD was 18.5% and 38.0% were in the low-income group, and the mean number of missing teeth was 6.2. In multivariable modelling, the mean ratio (MR) for CALD participants with low household income in 2004-06 was 2% lower than the MR among non-CALD participants with high household income, with the RERI being − 0.23. Non-CALD participants from lower income households had a higher risk of having a higher number of missing teeth than low income CALD individuals (MR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.57–1.74 vs. MR = 1.43 95%CI 1.34–1.52, respectively). In 2017-18, the MR for CALD participants with low household income was 3% lower than the MR among non-CALD participants with high household income, with the RERI being − 0.11. Low income CALD participants had a lower risk of missing teeth compared to their non-CALD counterparts (MR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.34–1.52 vs. MR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.50–1.64).

Conclusions
The negative RERI values indicate that the effect-measure modification operates in a negative direction, that is, there is a protective element to being CALD among low income groups with respect to mean number of missing teeth.
Why is there a gap in self-rated health among people with hypertension in Zambia? A decomposition of determinants and rural‒urban differences
Authors: Mweemba Chris , Mutale Wilbroad , Masiye Felix , Hangoma Peter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Hypertension affects over one billion people globally and is one of the leading causes of premature death. Low- and middle-income countries, especially the sub-Saharan Africa region, bear a disproportionately higher share of hypertension globally. Recent evidence shows a steady shift in the burden of hypertension from more affluent and urban populations towards poorer and rural communities. Our study examined inequalities in self-rated health (SRH) among people with hypertension and whether there is a rural‒urban gap in the health of these patients. We then quantified factors driving the health gap. We also examined how much HIV accounts for differences in self-rated health among hypertension patients due to the relationship between HIV, hypertension and health in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
We utilized the Zambia Household Health Expenditure and Utilization Survey for data on SRH and other demographic and socioeconomic controls. District HIV prevalence information was from the Zambia Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA) survey. We applied the Linear Probability Model to assess the association between self-rated health and independent variables as a preliminary step. We then used the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to identify self-rated health inequality between urban and rural patients and determine determinants of the health gap between the two groups.

Results
Advanced age, lower education and low district HIV prevalence were significantly associated with poor health rating among hypertension patients. The decomposition analysis indicated that 45.5% of urban patients and 36.9% of rural patients reported good self-rated health, representing a statistically significant health gap of 8.6%. Most of the identified health gap can be attributed to endowment effects, with education (73.6%), district HIV prevalence (30.8%) and household expenditure (4.8%) being the most important determinants that explain the health gap.

Conclusions
Urban hypertension patients have better SRH than rural patients in Zambia. Education, district HIV prevalence and household expenditure were the most important determinants of the health gap between rural and urban hypertension patients. Policies aimed at promoting educational interventions, improving access to financial resources and strengthening hypertension health services, especially in rural areas, can significantly improve the health of rural patients, and potentially reduce health inequalities between the two regions.
Common misconceptions and myths about ovarian cancer causation: a national cross-sectional study from palestine
Authors: Elshami Mohamedraed , Jaber Inas , Alser Mohammed , Al-Slaibi Ibrahim , Jabr Hadeel , Ubaiat Sara , Tuffaha Aya , Khader Salma , Khraishi Reem , Arafeh Zeina Abu , Al-Madhoun Sondos , Alqattaa Aya , Yaseen Areej , El Hadi Asmaa Abd , Barhoush Ola , Hijazy Maysun , Eleyan Tamara , Alser Amany , Hziema Amal Abu , Shatat Amany , Almakhtoob Falasteen , Mohamad Balqees , Farhat Walaa , Abuamra Yasmeen , Mousa Hanaa , Adawi Reem , Musallam Alaa , Albarqi Shurouq I. , Abu-El-Noor Nasser , Bottcher Bettina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Women’s inability to recognize ovarian cancer (OC) causation myths to be incorrect may lead to behavioral changes that could distract them from actual risk factors and impact their treatment decision making. This study examined Palestinian women’s recognition of OC mythical causes, and explored factors associated with good recognition.

Methods
A national cross-sectional study was conducted. Adult Palestinian women were recruited from hospitals, primary healthcare facilities, and public areas in 11 governorates. The Cancer Awareness Measure-Mythical Causes Scale was modified and utilized for data collection. Awareness level was determined based on the number of myths around OC causation recognized to be incorrect: poor (0–4), fair (5–9), and good (10–13).

Results
A total of 5618 participants agreed and completed the questionnaire out of 6095 approached (response rate = 92.1%), and 5411 questionnaires were included in the final analysis. The most recognized food-related myth was ‘drinking from plastic bottles’ (n = 1370, 25.3%) followed by ‘eating burnt food’ (n = 1298, 24.0%). The least recognized food-related myth was ‘eating food containing additives’ (n = 611, 11.3%). The most recognized food-unrelated myth was ‘having a physical trauma’ (n = 2899, 53.6%), whereas the least recognized was ‘using mobile phones’ (n = 1347, 24.9%). Only 273 participants (5.1%) had good awareness of OC causation myths as incorrect. Earning higher monthly incomes as well as visiting governmental healthcare facilities were associated with a decrease in the likelihood of exhibiting good awareness.

Conclusion
The overall recognition of OC causation myths was low. Addressing mythical beliefs should be included in OC prevention strategies and public health interventions to improve women’s understanding of OC risk factors versus mythical causes.
Witnessing inter-parental violence in childhood and help-seeking behaviours in violence against women in Peru
Authors: Bazo-Alvarez Juan Carlos , Copez-Lonzoy Anthony , Ipanaqué-Zapata Miguel , Bazalar-Palacios Janina , Rivera Elizabeth López , Flores-Ramos Elaine C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Violence against women (VAW) severely impacts their physical and mental health. In some cultures, women can normalize certain types of violence if they were linked to home models in childhood and, eventually, do not seek for help in adulthood. We aimed to determine, in Peruvian women, (1) the association between witnessing violence in their family of origin and VAW experienced in adulthood, (2) the extent to which women who have experienced VAW seek some help, and (3) identify VAW prevalence by Peruvian region.

Methods
Cross-sectional study of secondary data obtained from the 2019 National Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). The outcome was VAW (psychological, physical and sexual violence), whereas the exposure was witnessing violence in the home of origin. Help-seeking behavior was a secondary outcome, for which VAW was the exposure. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated to assess both associations, unadjusted and adjusted for covariates (aPR).

Results
Data from 14,256 women aged 15 to 49 years were analysed. 51.5% reported having experienced VAW and 43.8% witnessed violence in the home of origin during childhood. Witnessing inter-parental violence in childhood was associated with psychological violence aPR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.17–1.33), physical aPR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.38–1.67), and sexual aPR = 1.99 (95% CI: 1.57–2.52). Women who have experienced both types of violence (physical and sexual) were more likely to help-seeking (aPR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.14–1.50) than women suffering only one type of violence.

Conclusion
Women who reported having witnessed home violence in their childhood are more likely to experience Violence Against Women (VAW) by their current partner. Physical and sexual violence with a current partner was more associated with witnessing inter-parental violence in childhood, and when physical and sexual violence jointly occurred women were more help-seeking. The southern region of Peru is identified as an area of high vulnerability for women. It is crucial to promote educative and community-based programs aimed at the prevention and early recognition of VAW.
Effect of peer health education intervention on HIV/AIDS knowledge amongst in-school adolescents in secondary schools in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezelote Chinelo Judith , Osuoji Nkechi Joy , Mbachu Adaku Joy , Odinaka Chikadibia Kizito , Okwuosa Ogochukwu Mildred , Oli Chinaemelum Juliet , Ignatius Chimburuoma Georgina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Peer education is an approach to health promotion in which community members are supported to promote health-enhancing change among their peers. The study assessed the effect of peer health education on HIV/AIDS knowledge amongst in-school adolescents in secondary schools in Imo State.

Methods
This was an intervention study carried out among 296 and 287 in-school adolescents aged 15 to 19 years attending Akwakuma Girls Secondary School and Federal Government Girls College Owerri Imo State respectively. The study was in three stages: before intervention, intervention, and after intervention. The impact of peer education was evaluated twelve weeks after intervention. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The study utilized a quasi-experimental study design. The chi-square test and McNemar’s test were used to test the hypothesis with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.

Results
The result from the study revealed that the majority (73%) of the respondents at Akwakuma Girls Secondary School (test group) had poor knowledge of HIV/AIDS mode of transmission and prevention at baseline. The overall good knowledge of respondents in the test group improved from 27 to 81% after the intervention. 36% of the respondents in the control group had good knowledge at baseline, the knowledge of 64% of them with poor knowledge at baseline were compared post-test to those in the test group who also had poor knowledge at baseline. The knowledge of only 27.7% of those in the control group increased post-test while the remaining 72.3% still had poor knowledge. The result of the inter-school comparison using Chi-square revealed that the p-value was statistically significant. Intra-school comparison using McNemar’s test revealed a statistical significance for all questions in the test group, while none was positively significant in the control group.

Conclusions
Peer health education improved the knowledge of the students at Akwakuma Girls Secondary School which was very low at the baseline. The knowledge of the students in the control group with poor knowledge at baseline didn’t increase post-study. Peer health education should be strengthened and expanded as one of the tools for behavior change among adolescents. There should be more focus on adolescents for HIV-targeted prevention.
Own price elasticities of the demand for sugar-sweetened beverages in Bangladesh
Authors: Huque Rumana , Azad Abul Kalam , Ahmed Nasiruddin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundConsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is a major global public health problem. Increasing the price of SSBs through taxation is an effective tool to reduce SSB consumption. Price-elasticity estimates are useful in measuring the effect of taxation on consumption. We estimated the own price elasticities of demand for SSBs in Bangladesh, which will inform how SSB taxes could affect behaviour.MethodsWe used Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2016 data, which is a nationally representative dataset at the household level across the country and is conducted using stratified random sampling method. Deaton’s method was used to estimate the price elasticities for SSBs in Bangladesh.ResultsWe found that the own price elasticity for SSBs varied between − 0.53% to -1.17% by types of SSBs in Bangladesh. The price elasticity for soft drinks was − 1.17, indicating that if the price of soft drinks increases by 10% via taxes, the quantity consumed of these beverages would reduce by 11.7%.ConclusionThis is the first study that estimates the own price elasticities of demand for SSBs in Bangladesh. Our results suggest to raise SSB prices through increased taxation in order to reduce SSB consumption and ensure public health gains in Bangladesh.