bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Dimensionality Reduction Techniques in Bitcoin Ransomware Detection: Comparative Analysis of Incremental PCA and UMAP
Authors: Amissah Daniel Kwame , Yaokumah Winfred , Ansong Edward Danso , Appati Justice Kwame 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the classification performance of various machine learning algorithms on the Bitcoin Heist ransomware dataset, focusing on the effects of dimensionality reduction techniques. The primary objective was to evaluate the classifiers' effectiveness in distinguishing between malicious and benign transactions under three experimental scenarios: without dimensionality reduction, utilizing Incremental Principal Component Analysis (IPCA), and applying Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). The methodology involved rigorous experimentation with four classifiers: K‐Nearest Neighbors (KNN), XGBoost, Decision Tree, and Multi‐Layer Perceptron (MLP). The results demonstrated that dimensionality reduction techniques, particularly UMAP, improved the performance of KNN and Decision Tree classifiers while adversely affecting the performance of XGBoost and MLP. Notably, KNN consistently outperformed the other classifiers across different scenarios, indicating its robustness in handling reduced feature spaces. This study concludes that the effectiveness of dimensionality reduction is contingent upon the specific characteristics of the classifiers employed.
White Analytical Chemistry‐Driven Approach to the Sample Preparation and LC–MS/MS Determination of Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs and Their Metabolites in Real Contaminated Matrices
Authors: Bulkatov Denis P. , Melekhin Artem O. , Parfenov Michael Yu. , Tischenko Victor V. , Apyari Vladimir V. , Tolmacheva Veronika V. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTraces of medicinal formulations and their metabolites often remain in animal products. The presence of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in food is a factor in chronic human health effects. Therefore, improved methods for their determination are needed for food safety. Usually, a complex sample preparation based on enzymatic, alkaline, or acidic hydrolysis is applied to recover residual NSAIDs from their hydroxyl‐, carboxyl‐, glucuronide‐, and other derivatives to the original forms. This work reports on a systematic study and comparison of the sample preparation of real samples for the determination of NSAIDs and their metabolites. The objects of analysis were meat and by‐products obtained from chickens that were treated with preparations containing metamizole, diclofenac, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, meloxicam, phenylbutazone, and mefenamic acid with their feed. The effects of acidity of the extraction solution, glucuronidase enzyme, and different sorbents for purification by solid‐phase extraction were studied. The hydroxyl‐ and carboxyl‐metabolites were detected by HPLC–MS/MS. It was shown that the long hydrolysis step during the sample preparation can be replaced with extraction into acetonitrile, making the full analytical procedure “whiter.”
Assessment of potential candidate genes for partial resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using real‐time quantitative PCR
Authors: Mugabe Deus , Najafabadi Mohsen Yoosefzadeh , Grainger Christopher , Rajcan Istvan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary (S. sclerotiorum), is one of the most important diseases that causes significant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed yield and quality losses in Canada and globally. Initiation of plant defense mechanisms is crucial for establishing partial resistance to the pathogenic fungus. To understand plant response to S. sclerotiorum, we conducted a temporal (1, 3, and 5 days post‐inoculation [DPI]) assessment of gene expression changes in the stem of soybean genotypes with contrasting phenotypic response. We focused on four genes that have been previously reported as associated with SSR partial resistance and are known to be involved in defense‐related functions such as cell wall modification, signaling, response to wounding, and response to fungus. The results showed a higher and earlier expression of the genes in partially resistant cultivars compared to the susceptible. Expression of some genes increased up to 11‐ (Glyma.02G059700) to 16‐fold (Glyma.09G232100) by 3 DPI in the partially resistant cultivar, OAC Drayton, while the genes were generally downregulated in the susceptible cultivar, OAC Shire, at the same DPI. This study improves our understanding of expression patterns of genes involved in plant defense against fungal pathogens in soybean. More importantly, the knowledge of genes that are essential in defense against S. sclerotiorum can be used to fine‐map the quantitative trait loci for SSR resistance and facilitate accelerated breeding of SSR‐resistant cultivars through gene‐based marker‐assisted selection.
Antiviral effectiveness and safety of azvudine in hospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2 patients with pre‐existing chronic respiratory diseases: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Junyi , Yang Mengzhao , Yao Daoke , Zhou Yongjian , Hu Xiaobo , Qian Guowu , Yuan Yiqiang , Li Silin , Luo Hong , Zhang Shixi , Li Guangming , Zhang Donghua , Li Guotao , Zhang Yanyang , Hu Xinjun , Yu Zujiang , Cui Guangying , Ren Zhigang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAlthough azvudine has become a priority in the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2, its effectiveness and safety among COVID‐19 patients who already have chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) have not been sufficiently validated. A retrospective, multicenter cohort study involving 10 hospitals in Henan Province was performed to assess inpatients with COVID‐19 and CRDs (Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT06349655). Azvudine recipients and the control group were matched at a 1:1 ratio using propensity scores. The clinical outcomes (all‐cause death and composite disease progression) were analyzed using Kaplan‒Meier and Cox regression analyses, with additional subgroup and sensitivity analyses performed. Eighteen clinical features were included to construct a nomogram for predicting the survival of inpatients with COVID‐19 and CRDs. Out of 37,606 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, 1462 azvudine recipients and 1462 matched controls were included in the analysis. The results of Kaplan‒Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that in contrast to the controls, azvudine use was associated with a decreased risk of all‐cause death in patients with COVID‐19 and pre‐existing CRDs (log‐rank: p = .012; HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.553‒0.956); but was not significantly different in terms of composite disease progression (log‐rank: p = .82; HR: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.948‒1.383). An analysis of subgroups and three sensitivity appraisals validate the above outcomes. The number and type of adverse events associated with azvudine treatment were acceptable. The concordance index (0.8499, 0.8497) and area under the curve (86.1%, 80.4%) of the nomogram showed satisfactory discriminative ability in the training and test sets. Azvudine could be effective in reducing all‐cause death among inpatients with COVID‐19 and CRDs and had few serious adverse events.
Probiotic Viability and Bioactive Properties of Buffalo Yoghurt Produced Using High Cholesterol‐Assimilating Probiotic Strains
Authors: Akbal Sinan , Uğur Geçer Esra , Ertürkmen Pelin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to produce yoghurt with reduced cholesterol levels, enhanced antioxidant activity and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity while maintaining acceptable health properties, using buffalo milk and probiotic microorganisms.MethodBuffalo yoghurts were produced using three different probiotic strains, including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium lactis. ACE‐inhibitor activities (%), antioxidant activities as DPPH (%), and cholesterol activities in HPLC of these yoghurts were determined during the 28‐day storage period. In addition, probiotic microorganisms, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and yeast mould were counted during storage.ResultsThe viability of probiotic microorganisms in buffalo yoghurts remained above 5 log CFU/g at the end of the storage period. Antioxidant activity ranged from 9.30% to 27.20%. Buffalo yoghurt is produced with Lpb. plantarum, which exhibited the highest viability (9.12 log CFU/g) and antioxidant activity values of 61.48%. Gastrointestinal digestion affected the antioxidant and ACE‐inhibitor properties of the yoghurt samples. The highest ACE‐inhibitory effect after gastric digestion on the 28th day was observed in yoghurt‐produced Lpb. plantarum and B. lactis, with 24.30% and 25.14% values, respectively. Also, the ACE‐inhibitory activity of the outer (OUT) phase for all yoghurt samples was higher than that of undigested samples. According to cholesterol peaks obtained in HPLC, the highest cholesterol assimilation was detected in yoghurt produced using Lpb. plantarum.ConclusionThe data obtained from the study may contribute to research on the potential of probiotic microorganisms with cholesterol‐assimilation ability and probiotic food products produced using them to reduce cholesterol risk.
Measurement of serum 1,5-AG provides insights for diabetes management and the anti-viral immune response
Authors: Wei Marcus Tong Zhen , Gallo Linda A. , Hulme Katina D. , Alzaid Fawaz , Julla Jean-Baptiste , Dorey Emily S. , Morineau Gilles , Chew Keng Yih , Grant Emma J. , Gras Stephanie , Barett Helen L. , Riveline Jean-Pierre , Carney Meagan , Short Kirsty R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Achieving an in-range glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is essential for managing diabetes mellitus (DM). However, this parameter provides an estimate of long-term blood glucose control rather than daily glycaemic variations. Glycaemic variability can be more predictive than HbA1c in terms of identifying those at risk for diabetes complications, including risk of severe respiratory virus infections and is usually measured via a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). For individuals for whom a CGM is not available, serum 1,5 anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) level has shown potential as an alternative method for monitoring glycaemic variability. Despite this, at present 1,5-AG is not routinely used in the clinical assessment of DM. Here, we aim to determine whether assessing 1,5-AG, in addition to HbA1c, is of any potential clinical utility to the management of DM for patients.

Methods
Using machine learning and data derived from 78 patients with type I DM (for whom CGM data is available) we show that the combination of 1,5-AG and HbA1c improves the prediction of a patient’s glycemia risk index (GRI) compared to HbA1c alone.

Results
The GRI is an essential tool in the management of DM as it reflects both clinical priorities and patient centred outcomes. The inclusion of 1,5-AG in this prediction was particularly important for individuals who had very high or very low GRI. Furthermore, in the context of glycaemic variability and susceptibility to severe respiratory virus infections, we show that reduced 1,5-AG in the plasma is associated with reduced ex vivo CD4 + T cell cytokine responses to influenza virus in individuals with a matched HbA1c.

Conclusions
Taken together, these data argue for an increased monitoring of 1,5-AG in the clinic for individuals without a CGM to provide additional insights for diabetes management.
Geometric Langlands Duality for Periods
Authors: Feng Tony , Wang Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study conjectures of Ben-Zvi–Sakellaridis–Venkatesh that categorify the relationship between automorphic periods and L-functions in the context of the Geometric Langlands equivalence. We provide evidence for these conjectures in some low-rank examples, by using derived Fourier analysis and the theory of chiral algebras to categorify the Rankin-Selberg unfolding method.
Air-based cold spray: An advanced additive manufacturing technique for functional and structural applications
Authors: Tregenza Owen , Hutasoit Novana , Palanisamy Suresh , Hulston Chris 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cold spray (CS) is a solid-state deposition process that accelerates particles in a gas to create parts or coatings. Deformation is central to the mechanical and metallurgical bonds that facilitate particle cohesion and deposit formation. Most research works focus on high-pressure inert gas CS (HPCS), neglecting the potential of air-based CS which is often overlooked because of its poorer deposit qualities. Despite this, air-based CS presents advantages in terms of cost and energy savings and has recently gained attention as a promising new CS additive manufacturing method. This review contrasts HPCS and air-based CS, identifying key differences and bonding modes. Then, state-of-the-art air-based CS research is captured and reviewed revealing a diverse range of application areas including functional coatings, medical, machine tool manufacture, and metal-to-ceramic interfacing. Additionally, research efforts to improve air-based CS quality and bonding, which mainly centre around feed-stock morphology optimisation, print pathing, and post-treatment techniques, are captured. Literature is grouped into three main research categories: metal feed-stocks, metal matrix composites and powder mixes, and novel applications. Accompanying tabulated summaries are presented, detailing CS system parameters, such as gas pressures and temperatures, feed-stock and substrate materials, and application area. Future research directions in air-based CS are also discussed in the context of technology promotion, key strengths and applications, and methods for enhancing CS systems and deposit qualities.
The efficacy and safety of low-dose triple combination for hypertension treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Elgendy Mohamed S. , Taha Hosam I. , Amin Ahmed Mazen , Khlidj Yehya , Ezz Mohamed R. , Elgamasy Mohamed A. , Almezaine Ahmed , Faheem Mohamed A. , Rajab Islam , Abuelazm Mohamed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recently, Low-dose triple single-pill combinations (LDTC) have become a promising option for managing hypertension. This review evaluates LDTC’s effectiveness and safety versus standard care, monotherapy, and placebo for blood pressure (BP) control. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, WOS, Scopus, and Cochrane from inception to September 2024. The analysis presented risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MD) for continuous outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). PROSPERO ID: CRD42024595331. We identified five eligible trials with a total of 1,709 patients. LDTC had a higher rate of achieving BP < 140/90 at 4 to 6 weeks (wk) (RR: 1.56; CI: 1.41, 1.72; p < 0.01) and at 8 to 12 wk (RR: 1.43; CI: 1.31, 1.57; P < 0.01). Additionally, LDTC significantly reduced the automated office systolic BP at 4 to 6 wk (MD: -8.80; CI: -10.16, -7.44; p < 0.01), 8 to 12 wk (MD: -8.30; CI: -11.18, -5.42; P < 0.01), and at 24 wk (MD: -6.94; CI: -10.56, -3.32; P < 0.01). However, LDTC indicated an increased rate of hypokalemia (RR: 2.25; CI: 1.50, 3.38; P < 0.01), with no difference between both groups in total adverse events (AEs) (P = 0.44), serious AEs (P = 0.79), treatment discontinuation due to AEs (P = 0.91), and the AEs of special interest (P = 0.54). LDTC therapy is effective and safe for hypertension management but poses potassium depletion. Further large-scale studies are essential to confirm its clinical benefits.

Graphical Abstract
Evaluating post-treatment residual intracranial arteriovenous shunting: a comparison of arterial spin labeling MRI and digital subtraction angiography
Authors: Noorbakhsh Abraham , Wong Mitchell T. , Bolar Divya S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy of arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI in detecting residual arteriovenous (AV) shunting in treated arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and fistulas (AVFs).

Methods
A retrospective institutional review identified 29 patients with DSA-confirmed AV shunt lesions treated via embolization (n = 17), stereotactic radiosurgery (n = 2), surgical resection (n = 8), or combined embolization and surgical resection (n = 4), with corresponding baseline and post-treatment ASL and DSA studies. Two neuroradiologists independently assessed ASL images for residual AV shunting, with inter-rater agreement calculated. Disagreements were jointly reviewed to reach consensus. Sensitivity and specificity for using ASL to detect residual AV shunting were then determined using DSA as the gold standard reference.

Results
Seventeen patients with Spetzler-Martin grades II-V AVMs were included: 76.5% with supratentorial nidus, and 52.9% with prior hemorrhage. Twelve AVF patients were included, including eight dural, one vein of Galen, two perimedullary, and one cavernous-carotid fistula. Inter-rater agreement for presence of residual AV shunting was strong (93.5%, κ = 0.87). Two disagreements involved AVM patients after surgical resection. Sensitivity and specificity of ASL for detecting residual was 94% and 93%, respectively. Within the AVM group, both metrics reached 100%, while for AVFs, they both decreased to 83%, with one false positive and one false negative.

Conclusion
ASL MRI is highly sensitive and specific for detection of residual AV shunting across a wide spectrum of AV shunt pathologies and treatment modalities. ASL can play an important role as a non-invasive adjunct to DSA, potentially reducing the frequency of DSA during the continuum of post-treatment care.
Expansion of induced pluripotent stem cells under consideration of bioengineering aspects: part 2
Authors: Teale Misha Alexander , Schneider Samuel Lukas , Seidel Stefan , Krasenbrink Jürgen , Poggel Martin , Eibl Dieter , Sousa Marcos F. Q. , Eibl Regine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The manufacturing of allogeneic cell therapeutics based on human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) holds considerable potential to revolutionize the accessibility and affordability of modern healthcare. However, achieving the cell yields necessary to ensure robust production hinges on identifying suitable and scalable single-use (SU) bioreactor systems. While specific stirred SU bioreactor types have demonstrated proficiency in supporting hiPSC expansion at L-scale, others, notably instrumented SU multiplate and fixed-bed bioreactors, remain relatively unexplored. By characterizing these bioreactors using both computational fluid dynamics and experimental bioengineering methods, operating ranges were identified for the Xpansion® 10 and Ascent™ 1 m2 bioreactors in which satisfactory hiPSC expansion under serum-free conditions was achieved. These operating ranges were shown not only to effectively limit cell exposure to wall shear stress but also facilitated sufficient oxygen transfer and mixing. Through their application, almost 5 × 109 viable cells could be produced within 5 days, achieving expansion factors of up to 35 without discernable impact on cell viability, identity, or differentiation potential.

Key Points•Bioengineering characterizations allowed the identification of operating ranges that supported satisfactory hiPSC expansion•Both the Xpansion
®
10 multiplate and Ascent™ 1 m
2
fixed-bed reactor accommodated the production of almost 5 × 10
9
viable cells within 5 days•Exposing the hiPSCs to a median wall shear stress of up to 8.2 × 10
−5
N cm
−2 did not impair quality
Modelling the response of an ice disc to radial water flow in the context of sea ice thickening
Authors: Pantling Jacob , Worster M. Grae , Fitzgerald Shaun D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Arctic sea ice is melting rapidly, and the Arctic is likely to experience its first ice-free summer in the next few decades unless action is taken locally. One proposed method of reducing or perhaps reversing the melting of Arctic sea ice is pumping seawater onto the surface of the sea ice where it should freeze faster and thicken the ice. This may in turn enable it to last longer or even survive the summer melting period, reflecting more sunlight and becoming stronger multi-year ice with increased resistance to future melting. Despite appearing to be a relatively simple physical problem, the technique has not been researched in depth. Here, the response of ice to water being pumped over its surface is investigated theoretically and experimentally for radial axisymmetric water flow. The dominant heat transfer mechanisms during the period shortly after placement of water onto ice are conduction through the ice away from the water–ice interface and heat transfer from the water to the interface. During this initial period of evolution, advection and radiation to the atmosphere are much smaller in magnitude and hence not included. The heat transfer from the water flow to the interface is modelled for three flows: a well-mixed uniform film flow; a uniform flow with a developing thermal boundary layer; and a laminar, viscous flow with a developing thermal boundary layer. Predictions from these models are compared with data from laboratory experiments using various initial water temperatures. The predictions of the model with a fully developed, laminar viscous flow and a developing thermal boundary layer for the evolution of the ice profile were found to be closest to the data obtained from laboratory experiments with water supplied at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5

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∘

C.
Warming alters non-trophic interactions in soft bottom habitats
Authors: Laukaityte Simona , Bishop Melanie J. , Govers Laura L. , Eriksson Britas D. H. Klemens 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Though there is mounting evidence that climate warming is altering trophic interactions between organisms, its effects on non-trophic interactions remain relatively undocumented. In seagrass systems, the bioturbating activity of infauna influences annual seagrass patch development by influencing seed burial depth and germination success as well as sediment properties. If bioturbation is altered by warming, consequences on seagrass may result. Here, we assessed how heatwaves alter seagrass seed burial depth and germination rates when no bioturbators (control), single bioturbators and mixtures of bioturbators of contrasting feeding activities are present. The three bioturbators manipulated were surface (top 1-2 cm of sediment) biodiffusor, the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon), the shallow (top 3–8 cm) diffusor, the common cockle, (Cerastoderma edule) and the upward (5–15 cm) conveyor, the polychaete, Cappitellidae spp. We applied two temperature treatments: (1) a present-day scenario set at the average summer temperature of seagrass habitat (17ºC); and (2) a heatwave scenario modelled on the maximum recorded temperature (26.6ºC). Under present-day conditions, seed burial was greater in the presence of bioturbators than the control where no infauna was added (42–74% vs. 33 ± 7%, respectively). Cockles had the greatest impact on seed burial amongst all the bioturbators. Under the heatwave scenario, seed burial in the mixed bioturbator treatment increased to match that of the cockle treatment. Cockles and polychaetes elevated the germination rates of buried seeds under present-day temperature, but not under the heatwave scenario. Overall, these results indicate that heatwaves have the potential both to amplify and disrupt non-trophic interactions, with implications for seagrass seed germination.