bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rearing method for the sporophagous thrips Bactrothrips brevitubus (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae)
Authors: SHIBATA Tomohiro , KRANZ Brenda D. , TSUCHIDA Koji 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMycophagous and particularly sporophagous thrips are difficult to rear under laboratory conditions, and this has been a major constraint in studying the life histories of such thrips in any detail. We developed a rearing method for Bactrothrips brevitubus, a sporophagous Japanese thrips, that can be modified readily to rear other sporophagous species. This method can maintain all developmental stages of the thrips by controlling humidity, temperature and fungal spore density. The method enables rearing over multiple generations, thereby facilitating investigations of the relationship between environmental conditions (e.g. food quantity) and breeding system (e.g. reproductive mode and offspring sex ratio).
Effect of laboratory culture conditions on population growth ofProisotoma minuta(Tullberg) (Collembola: Isotomidae)
Authors: PARK Eun‐Kee 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe collembolanProisotoma minuta(Tullberg) was successfully maintained in a laboratory culture that could be used to produce large numbers ofP. minutaof standard size and physiological condition. The general life history ofP. minutawas studied using a substrate comprising a mixture of plaster of Paris and charcoal with baker's yeast as food. The mean time taken for eggs to hatch following oviposition was 10.6 ± 1.3 days at 17.5°C and 6 ± 0.5 days at 23°C. Conditions in the culture were very important for the production of large insect populations. Growth of the cultures was limited by the increasing population size and was probably affected by contamination of the habitat by the deposition of excretory materials.Proisotoma minutafrom a population that had ceased egg production started oviposition after individuals were transferred to a fresh plaster of Paris and charcoal habitat.
Population dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) and analysis of factors influencing populations in Baoshanba, Yunnan, China
Authors: CHEN Peng , YE Hui 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPopulation dynamics of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), were monitored year‐round using methyl eugenol‐baited traps in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 in Baoshanba, Yunnan Province, China. Environmental factors including air temperature, rainfall and host‐plant species were analyzed with respect to the population dynamics. This species occurred only during April–November, with one yearly peak in August. The population fluctuation patterns with respect to season were identical in all study years. Correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis indicated that air temperature, rainfall, sunlight hours and relative humidity were the major climatic factors that correlated with changes in the size of the fly population, and that monthly mean temperature, monthly sunlight hours and monthly relative humidity were most important. The seasonal increase in population size coincided with the fruiting period of the fly's host plants, but host fruit availability influenced the population size only when temperatures were sufficiently high. Cold temperatures may explain why there was no trap capture in the winter months. We believe that air temperature is the key factor explaining the seasonal occurrence of the fly population at Baoshanba.
Association and description of males, females and larvae of two New Caledonian Xanthochorema species (Trichoptera: Hydrobiosidae) based on mitochondrial 16S and COI sequences
Authors: JOHANSON Kjell Arne 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA method for associating larvae, females and males of Trichoptera is demonstrated for New Caledonian Hydrobiosidae species of the genus Xanthochorema, using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S mitochondrial gene sequences. Two species, X. caledon Kimmins, 1953 and X. celadonSchmid, 1989, previously with unknown larvae and undescribed females, were associated, and males, females and larvae of both species are described. Mitochondrial COI and 16S gene fragments are demonstrated to be useful for association of sexes and life stages of the two species, and distance measures show that the method is likely to also be useful for other species within the genus. The associations are well supported by high bootstrap and jackknife values.
Effect of Ethanol Exposure on Circulating Levels of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I and II, and Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Fetal Rats
Authors: Mauceri Helena J. , Unterman Terry , Dempsey Sandra , Lee Wei‐Hua , Conway Sonya 
Published: June 2007

Maternal ethanol (ETOH) exposure is associated with impaired fetal growth. Because insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are thought to be important in the regulation of fetal somatic growth, we examined the influence of maternal ETOH exposure on fetal growth and plasma levels of IGF‐I, IGF‐II, and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the rat model. Control (A) dams were fed a standard rat chow ad libitum. ETOH (E) consuming dams were fed a 36% ETOH diet, and pair‐fed (P) dams were fed isocaloric amounts of a control liquid diet. All animals were killed on day 20 of gestation. Plasma concentrations of IGF‐I and ‐II were determined by radioimmunoassay after formic acid‐acetone extraction and heat inactivation of IGFBPs. Levels of IGFBPs in fetal plasma were estimated by Western ligand blotting after protein separation by SDS‐PAGE and electrotransfer to nitrocellulose. Membranes were probed with [125l]IGF‐l, and IGFBPs were identified by autoradiography, quantified by scanning densitometry and results expressed relative to corresponding IGFBPs in control fetal plasma.Maternal weight gain from conception to 20 days of pregnancy was reduced for E compared to P and A dams (p < 0.05 E vs. P or A). The same pattern was reflected in fetal weight that tended to be lower in P compared with A pups, and was significantly reduced in E pups compared with both groups (p < 0.0001 E vs. P or A). Thus, fetal growth was more retarded in E animals despite equal caloric and protein intake by E and P dams.Radioimmunoassay of fetal plasma revealed that there was no difference in circulating levels of IGF‐II in A (65.5 ± 8.7 ng/ml) and P (65.9 ± 9.8 ng/ml) plasma. However, levels of IGF‐II were higher in E (87.1 ± 6.2 ng/ml) than in corresponding P animals. At the same time, there were no differences in IGF‐I levels between any of the treatment groups. Western ligand blotting demonstrated that levels of 32–34 kDa IGFBPs were elevated in plasma of P compared with A fetal plasma, consistent with an effect of reduced maternal nutrition. In contrast, levels of32–34 kDa IGFBPs were reduced in E plasma compared with P and A (p < 0.04 and p < 0.02, respectively).These data suggest that circulating levels of IGF‐II (but not IGF‐I) and specific IGFBPs are altered in growth‐retarded fetuses exposed to ETOH. Comparison to fetal plasma obtained from pair‐fed litters demonstrate that these effects on IGF and IGFBP levels are specific to ETOH, and not simply due to maternal nutrient intake. Taken together, these observations indicate that ETOH has unique effects on fetal IGF physiology compared with previously studied models of fetal growth retardation. Alterations in the expression and levels of IGFs and IGFBPs may contribute to ETOH‐induced fetal growth deficiency.
Periodontal disease increases the risk of severe pre‐eclampsia among pregnant women
Authors: Canakci Varol , Canakci Cenk Fatih , Yildirim Abdulkadir , Ingec Metin , Eltas Abubekir , Erturk Ayşe 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAim: To evaluate the possible link between the severity of periodontal disease and pre‐eclampsia and to correlate this link to clinical periodontal parameters and interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and prostaglandins (PGE2) levels in both gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum.Material and Methods: Fifty‐nine pregnant women (20 mild pre‐eclampsia, 18 severe pre‐eclampsia, and 21 healthy pregnant women) were included in the study. Dental and periodontal recordings as well as GCF and blood samples were obtained within 48 h preceding delivery.Results: The results of multivariate logistic regression showed a highly significant association between mild to severe pre‐eclampsia and severe periodontal disease (p<0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders (smoking, body weight, socioeconomic status, education level, and age), severe pre‐eclamptic women were 3.78 (1.77–12.74) times more likely to present severe periodontal disease than normotensive pregnant women. This odds ratio (OR) was 2.43 (1.13–8.19) for mild pre‐eclamptic women. IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and PGE2 levels in both serum and GCF were also significantly higher in the pre‐eclamptic groups than the normotensive women.Conclusions: These results indicate that the presence and severity of periodontal disease seems to increase the risk for not only the occurrence but also the severity of pre‐eclampsia in pregnant women.
Social and spatial patterns determine the population structure and colonization processes in mouflon
Authors: Darmon G. , Calenge C. , Loison A. , Maillard D. , Jullien J.-M. 
Published: June 2007

Although it is widely accepted that populations vary in space and time, defining the spatial scale of population structure relevant for understanding temporal variation or for management and conservation purposes remains a challenge. We studied jointly temporal patterns of social and spatial structures in an introduced population of mouflon ( Ovis gmelini musimon (Schreber, 1782)) to define the temporal stability of these structures and to uncover the history of the colonization process. We expected social organization to remain stable between years, mouflon to stay sedentary, and colonization to have occurred through a diffusion process. We used yearly censuses performed between 1994 and 2004, and collected information in managers’ archives and newspapers reporting the presence of mouflon in different areas since its introduction in 1954 in the Bauges mountains, France. Mouflons were divided into male and nursery groups, whose number (1.88 ± 0.31 for males and 7.54 ± 0.58 for nurseries) and composition (7.05 ± 1.25 individuals in male groups; 13.6 ± 1.41 females, 8.11 ± 0.72 lambs, and 6.51 ± 0.65 males in the nurseries) remained stable over years. The spatial distribution of nursery groups was clustered in five areas, highly correlated between years (p < 0.001), suggesting that the same groups were observed in given areas every year and confirming the sedentary lifestyle of the species. The presence–absence data of the species since its introduction suggested a colonization by diffusion. We discuss the social and spatial structures of the population and the type of colonization process that could have led to this kind of structure.
DEVELOPING MINING-GRID CENTRIC E-FINANCE PORTALS FOR RISK MANAGEMENT AND DECISION MAKING
Authors: HU JIA , ZHONG NING , SHI YONG 
Published: June 2007

E-finance industry is rapidly transforming and evolving toward more dynamic, flexible and intelligent solutions. This paper describes a model with dynamic multilevel workflows corresponding to a multilayer Grid architecture. The mining-grid is used for multiaspect analysis in building e-finance portals on the Wisdom Web. The application and research demonstrate that mining-grid centric design is effective for developing intelligent risk management and decision making financial systems. This paper concentrates on how to develop a mining-grid centric e-finance portal (MGCFP), not only for supplying effective online financial services for both retail and corporate customers, but also for intelligent credit risk management and decision making for financial enterprises and partners.
EMBEDDING POINT SETS INTO PLANE GRAPHS OF SMALL DILATION
Authors: EBBERS-BAUMANN ANNETTE , GRÜNE ANSGAR , KLEIN ROLF , KARPINSKI MAREK , KNAUER CHRISTIAN , LINGAS ANDRZEJ 
Published: June 2007

Let S be a set of points in the plane. What is the minimum possible dilation of all plane graphs that contain S? Even for a set S as simple as five points evenly placed on the circle, this question seems hard to answer; it is not even clear if there exists a lower bound > 1. In this paper we provide the first upper and lower bounds for the embedding problem. 1. Each finite point set can be embedded into the vertex set of a finite triangulation of dilation ≤ 1.1247. 2. Each embedding of a closed convex curve has dilation ≥ 1.00157. 3. Let P be the plane graph that results from intersecting n infinite families of equidistant, parallel lines in general position. Then the vertex set of P has dilation [Formula: see text].
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Flestolol, a New Short‐Acting, Beta‐Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Achari Ramanuj , Drissel Debra , Hulse James D. , Bell Valerie , Turlapaty Prasad , Laddu Atul , Matier William L. 
Published: June 2007

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of flestolol, a new short‐acting, beta‐adrenergic receptor antagonist, were examined in nine healthy subjects after a constant intravenous infusion of 5 μg/kg/min for 72 hours. Flestolol blood levels were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. In all subjects, flestolol blood concentration attained steady state 30 minutes after initiation of infusion. The mean ± standard deviation steady‐state concentration of flestolol was 31.1 ± 12.0 ng/mL. The elimination half‐life averaged 7.2 minutes. The mean ± standard deviation total body clearance was 181 ± 66 mL/min/kg. The apparent volume of distribution and the area under the curve averaged 1.89 L/kg and 2.23 μg‐hr/mL, respectively. Flestolol did not cause any significant change (P > .05) in the heart rate or systolic or diastolic blood pressure from the baseline. Flestolol significantly (P < .05) attenuated the isoproterenol‐induced increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure and decrease in diastolic blood pressure in comparison with baseline. The average maximum reduction in isoproterenol tachycardia was in the range of 63% to 79% during flestolol infusion. There was a rapid recovery from beta blockade after termination of flestolol infusion; the recovery averaged 96% 20 minutes after the infusion was stopped. We conclude that flestolol exhibits a very short half‐life and is cleared mainly by extrahepatic routes. It is an effective beta blocker and possesses a short duration of action.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study show that there is little intersubject variability in the disposition of flestolol. The drug is rapidly eliminated from blood, and it is cleared mainly by extrahepatic routes. Flestolol is an effective beta‐adrenergic blocking agent and exhibits both a rapid onset and short duration of action. None of the subjects experienced clinically significant adverse effects, and there were no clinically significant alterations in the blood chemistry, hematology, or creatinine clearance in any participant during the flestolol‐infusion period. Although infusion site induration was observed in three subjects, it did not necessitate discontinuation of infusion. Furthermore, in another investigation, subjects tolerated flestolol at the same dosage level for seven days.
Penile Responses To Visual Stimuli
Authors: Quinsey Vernon L. , Carrigan Wayne F. 
Published: June 2007

As a greater number of treatment units have investigated the use of the penile transducer to evaluate child molesters and rapists, greater interest has focused on the issues of the validity of these procedures. Of greatest concern is the extent to which clients might fake their erection responses so as to give false information regarding their arousal patterns or response to treatment. For this reason, two papers have been included that deal with specific issues regarding fakability. In attempting to understand this problem, the reader should not receive the impression that treatment centers rely exclusively on such psychophysiologic measurement techniques. These measures are but one means of evaluating the client's response to treatment and must be incorporated in the sum total of information used to evaluate the client's current status. Quinsey and Carrigan describe a study of nine nondeviates who were instructed to fake a deviant sexual preference during the measurement of their sexual arousal with the penile transducer. These data confirmed that normals can fake deviant arousal patterns either while simply looking at deviant slides or when looking at deviant slides while listening to audio descriptions of deviant sexual behavior with the individuals appearing in the slides. These results lend further support to the need for the cautious interpretation of penile measures in determining sexual preferences with aggressives.
Influence of therapeutic doses of amoxicillin on aerobic work capacity and some strength characteristics
Authors: Kuipers Harm , Verstappen Frans T.J. , Reneman Robert S. 
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not amoxicillin in therapeutic doses could have an influence on maximal aerobic work capacity and some strength character istics in trained subjects. Fifteen volunteers (men; age range, 21 to 38 years; mean, 28.8 years) were examined once weekly for 4 consecutive weeks, and on these occasions the following variables and parameters were measured: maximum workload attained on the bicycle ergometer, maximum heart rate, maximum serum lactate concentration, heart rate and serum lactate concentra tion after 10 min at 80% of the maximum workload attained, maximum isometric extension force of the legs, vertical jump height, and body weight. During the baseline period, the deter mined variables and parameters did not show any significant difference between Test 1 and Test 2. During the 3rd and 4th week of the test period, the subjects received at random either placebo (6-aminopenicillanic acid) or amoxicillin in therapeutic doses (375 mg, 3 times a day) every day for 5 days. After the third test in the 3rd week, there was a cross-over, ensuring that each volunteer was examined during placebo as well as during amoxicillin medication. The serum amoxicillin levels were de termined. After statistical analysis, no influence of amoxicillin or placebo on the parameters and physiologic variables was demonstrable.
Propeller injuries incurred in boating accidents
Authors: Mann Ronald J. 
Published: June 2007

Water skiing, boat racing, skin and scuba diving, as well as just pleasure cruising are increasing in popularity. As a result, the incidence of injuries secondary to motor propellers is becoming more frequent. In a 15-year period (1963 to 1978), the author has collected a total of 32 cases of propeller injuries. In some cases amputations were necessary and in other cases amputa tions occurred at the time of injury. Problems with bacterial flora (Pseudomonas sp.) occur in open sea water. Salt water enclosed near docks and fresh lake water may have many different organisms because of contamination with raw or treated sewage. Bacterial contamination was a problem in the majority of the cases. The initial handling of the wounds was important in the final outcome. Difficulties with prosthetic fitting and management have occurred. It is hoped that legislation requiring safety propellers and compulsory third-party presence in water ski boats will be forthcoming. A search of the orthopaedic literature both in English and foreign languages revealed sparse information referable to propeller injuries.
Schering Symposium On Sports Medicine
Authors: Shaffer Thomas E. 
Published: June 2007

Increased interest in physical fitness and widespread partici pation in sports by males and females makes sports medicine an important factor in most physicians' practices. Medical advice and treatment are more often sought by athletes and their families. Preadolescent athletes present special problems in sports because of their growth, development, and physical character istics. Rules and regulations designed for adults are not always appropriate for young athletes. Chronologic age is not a suita ble criterion for matching young contestants in competitive sports because adolescent growth and physical development vary. Boys and girls like competition and may safely and success fully participate when the special characteristics and potentials of growing children are taken into consideration in the planning of sports for youths.
Arthroscopy: Its role in diagnosis and treatment of athletic knee injuries
Authors: Curran William P. , Woodward E. Paul 
Published: June 2007

The authors performed 396 knee arthroscopies on athletic patients under general or spinal anesthesia. One hundred-fifty patients underwent arthroscopy after a careful history and physical examination. The clinical diagnosis was correct in 97 patients, correct but incomplete in 25 patients, and incorrect in 28 patients. Our total clinical accuracy rate was 71%. Arthros copy increased accuracy from 71 to 97%. The remaining 153 patients had knee arthrography before undergoing diagnostic arthroscopy. The arthrographic accu racy rate for the medial compartment was 63% and for the lateral compartment was 36%. Arthroscopic accuracy rate for these patients was 95% for the medial and 97% for the lateral compartments. Two hundred of the 250 arthroscopies were followed by immediate arthrotomy. There were no deep or superficial infec tions. Arthroscopy, when compared to our clinical impression and arthrography, was the most accurate diagnostic aid. Using it we made the correct diagnosis in 392 out of 396 patients.
Acromioclavicular lesions in children
Authors: Eidman Dan K. , Siff Sherwin J. , Tullos Hugh S. 
Published: June 2007

This study reports on the followup of 25 children who were thought to have complete acromioclaviular joint dislocations. The patients were from 5 to 16 years old at the time of injury. Followup ranged between one and nine years. All were treated surgically. Various methods of stabilization were used, includ ing transfixing the acromioclavicular joint with pins or a Bosworth screw and Mersilene (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ) taping of the clavicle to the coracoid. Good or excellent results, including return to full, asymptomatic activity and essentially normal clinical and roentgenographic appearance, were seen in over 90% of the cases. None of the children developed growth disturbances. Two of the 25 developed asymp tomatic acromioclavicular joint arthritis, and both were cross-pinned. Children below the age of 13 years rarely sustain a complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation, but usu ally sustain a fracture of the distal clavicle with an intact acromioclavicular joint. Five (20%) of 25 pa tients below age 13 were erroneously diagnosed as having an acromioclavicular joint lesion. These chil dren had only a fracture of the distal clavicle with rupture of the coracoclavicular ligament complex. Children of 13 years and older usually sustained com plete dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint similar to adults. In children below age 13, conservative treatment should produce good or excellent results. Patients above age 13 all had adult-type acromioclavicular joint dislocations and were, accordingly, treated as adults.