bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated gating of flow cytometry data via robust model‐based clustering
Authors: Lo Kenneth , Brinkman Ryan Remy , Gottardo Raphael 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe capability of flow cytometry to offer rapid quantification of multidimensional characteristics for millions of cells has made this technology indispensable for health research, medical diagnosis, and treatment. However, the lack of statistical and bioinformatics tools to parallel recent high‐throughput technological advancements has hindered this technology from reaching its full potential. We propose a flexible statistical model‐based clustering approach for identifying cell populations in flow cytometry data based ont‐mixture models with a Box–Cox transformation. This approach generalizes the popular Gaussian mixture models to account for outliers and allow for nonelliptical clusters. We describe an Expectation‐Maximization (EM) algorithm to simultaneously handle parameter estimation and transformation selection. Using two publicly available datasets, we demonstrate that our proposed methodology provides enough flexibility and robustness to mimic manual gating results performed by an expert researcher. In addition, we present results from a simulation study, which show that this new clustering framework gives better results in terms of robustness to model misspecification and estimation of the number of clusters, compared to the popular mixture models. The proposed clustering methodology is well adapted to automated analysis of flow cytometry data. It tends to give more reproducible results, and helps reduce the significant subjectivity and human time cost encountered in manual gating analysis. © 2008 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Association of 5‐HTT gene polymorphism, platelet MAO activity, and drive for thinness in a population‐based sample of adolescent girls
Authors: Akkermann Kirsti , Paaver Marika , Nordquist Niklas , Oreland Lars , Harro Jaanus 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective:Several lines of evidence suggest that alterations in serotonergic activity contribute to the pathophysiology of abnormal eating behaviors. Since platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and the 5‐HT transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5‐HTTLPR) have been associated with eating disorders, the knowledge from a population‐based sample may provide useful information which changes in 5‐HT function observed in eating disorders represent trait vs. state effects.Method:The sample was based on both cohorts of the Estonian Children Personality, Behavior and Health Study (ECPBHS). The current study was conducted during the second follow‐up where altogether 82% from the original sample was recruited. EDI‐2 subscales—Drive for Thinness and Bulimia—were used to determine eating attitudes and behaviors. Platelet MAO activity was measured and the participants were genotyped for the 5‐HTTLPR.Results:Allelic variation of 5‐HTTLPR or platelet MAO activity were not independently associated with drive for thinness or binge eating, but girls homozygous for the 5‐HTTLPR long allele and with high platelet MAO activity, both considered indicators of a higher capacity 5‐HT system, exhibited higher scores of drive for thinness.Conclusion:The results suggest that drive for thinness is the highest in girls with the presence of two markers of higher serotonergic capacity. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Reactions of Pendant Boryl Groups in Cp–Metal Complexes: Heterocyclic Ring Annelation in a CpIr System
Authors: Herrmann Christoph , Kehr Gerald , Fröhlich Roland , Erker Gerhard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTreatment of (cod)IrCl dimer with Li(allyl)cyclopentadienide gave (C5H4–CH2–CH=CH2)Ir(cod) (11). At 100 °C, 11 isomerizes cleanly into its ring‐conjugated (trans‐CH3–CH=CH–C5H4)Ir(cod) isomer (13). Subsequent addition of HB(C6F5)2 results in the formation of a product (16) that contains an annelated five‐membered borata heterocycle at the Cp ring. This is probably formed by means of a reaction sequence involving regioselective hydroboration, followed by an electrophilic substitution reaction at the Cp ring by the strongly Lewis acidic –B(C6F5)2 group, in which the iridium metal base acts as the proton abstractor. Products 13 and 16 were characterized by X‐ray diffraction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Structural Control of (Arylimido)vanadium(V) Compounds through π Conjugation
Authors: Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Beppu Tomohiko , Ishino Kenta , Nishina Masafumi , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: February 2008

Abstract(Arylimido)triethanolaminatovanadium(V) compounds, [V(p‐RC6H4N)(TEA)] (R = NMe2, OMe, Me, H, Cl, Br, CN), were synthesised by ligand exchange reaction of the corresponding (arylimido)triisopropoxidovanadium(V) complexes, [V(OiPr)3(p‐RC6H4N)], which were prepared by the reaction of VO(OiPr)3 with various p‐substituted aryl isocyanates without solvent. Structural characterisation of the (arylimido)triethanolaminatovanadium(V) products was carried out bysingle‐crystal X‐ray diffraction in order to elucidate the substituent effect on the imido structures, in which the imido structures were found to be controlled through π conjugation by the para substituents of the aryl moieties. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and Crystal Structure Investigations of Trivalent Rare Earth (Y3+, Nd3+, Er3+) Thienyl‐Substituted Methoxides
Authors: Veith Michael , Belot Céline , Guyard Laurent , Huch Volker , Knorr Michael , Zimmer Michael 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe synthesis and structural characterization of rare earth alkoxides with thiophene‐based substituents are presented. Monomeric metal thienylmethoxides have been prepared by aminolysis reactions between M[N(SiMe3)2]3 (M = Y3+, Nd3+, Er3+) and the structurally characterized tertiary alcohols HO–C(C4H3S)3 (1) or HO–C(C8H5S2)3 (2). The metal alkoxide derivatives of these thiophene‐substituted alcohols have been isolated as air‐sensitive base adducts, their molecular structures being investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The coordination spheres around the metal centres are distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal for the yttrium thienylmethoxides Y[OC(C4H3S)3]3(thf)2 (3a), {Y[OC(C4H3S)3]3(thf)2}·toluene (3b), Y[OC(C4H3S)3]3(py)2 (4a), {Y[OC(C4H3S)3]3(py)2}·toluene (4b) and Y[OC(C8H5S2)3]3(thf)2 (5). An almost tetrahedral geometry has been detected for Er[OC(C8H5S2)3]3(thf) (9), whereas an approximately octahedral geometry was found for {Nd[OC(C4H3S)3]3(thf)3}·thf (6), {Nd[OC(C8H5S2)3]3(thf)3}·4thf (7) and Er[OC(C4H3S)3]3(thf)3 (8). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Biologically Active Guaianolides with a trans‐Annulated Lactone Moiety
Authors: Schall Andreas , Reiser Oliver 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe biosynthetic pathways of sesquiterpene lactones are described in conjunction with recent developments in the total syntheses of various biologically active guaianolides. Different strategies towards the 5,7,5‐membered ring system are highlighted. Oxidative diol cleavages, aldol reactions, and intramolecular cyclopropanations were used as key reactions to construct the racemic guaianolide core system. Radical cyclizations, as well as ring closing metathesis, were successfully applied in asymmetric approaches. Biomimetic reactions were also applied as versatile tools for the construction of these highly complex natural products.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Formacetal‐Linked Dinucleotides to Facilitate dsDNA Bending and Binding to the Homeodomain of Pax6
Authors: Pitulescu Marian , Grapp Marcel , Krätzner Ralph , Knepel Willhart , Diederichsen Ulf 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTwo formacetal‐linked dinucleotides TT and TA were synthesized as phosphoramidite building blocks for solid‐phase synthesis. Incorporated in a 29‐mer DNA, the oligomers P3TT and P3TA were studied with respect to the binding activity towards the Pax6 homeodomain. Substitution of the negatively charged phosphodiester by a neutral formacetal linker facilitates the bent conformation of double‐stranded DNA. The duplex stability was affected more significantly by the TT formacetal modification, whereas destabilization induced by TA was less pronounced. Based on CD spectroscopy, the TA formacetal‐modified oligomer P3TA has mainly B‐DNA topology, whereas the P3TT modified oligomer significantly deviated from B‐form DNA. The binding affinity of the P3 oligomer towards Pax6 HD was investigated by in vitro EMSA experiments providing even a small increase in binding affinity for the P3TT oligomer. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Self‐Assembly of Dinuclear Double‐ and Triple‐Stranded Helicates from Bis(bipyridine) Ligands Derived from Tröger's Base Analogues
Authors: Kiehne Ulf , Weilandt Torsten , Lützen Arne 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBased on the rigid and V‐shaped structure of Tröger's base, several dissymmetrical bis(bipyridine) ligands with both rigid and flexible spacer units have been synthesized, and their self‐assembly to double‐ and triple‐stranded helicates upon coordination to late transition metal ions has been investigated by NMR spectroscopic and ESI mass spectrometricmeans.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Analysis of overvoltages in windings of power transformers protected by use of metal oxide surge arresters
Authors: Furgał Jakub 
Published: February 2008

AbstractElectrical devices are protected against overvoltages by the usage of metal oxide surge arresters. The issue of the paper is an analysis of overvoltage risks of internal insulation systems of transformers protected by such arresters. The analysis is based on the results of computer simulations of overvoltages made by using of a mathematical model of a system: the transformer–surge arresters. The model of the system includes the chosen mathematical model of surge arresters and the numerical model with lumped parameters of the transformer windings. Parameters of the models are frequency dependent. Calculations were made for lightning and switching overvoltages. The results of simulations were compared to the results of calculations for the transformer protected by use of lightning arresters. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case‐based reasoning approach to power transformer fault diagnosis using dissolved gas analysis data
Authors: Qian Z. , Gao W. S , Wang F. , Yan Z. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA synthetic diagnosis approach based on case‐based reasoning is presented to diagnose incipient fault of power transformer. First, the base case bank is established according to the characteristics of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of transformer oil. Based on different artificial intelligence techniques, three kinds of case searching method are adopted to retrieve the set of base cases, which the symptom of every retrieved case is similar to that of suspected transformer to some extent. And then a synthetic estimation method is presented to achieve the optimal base case for all retrieved base cases. Since similar symptoms may be induced by the same kind of faults, the diagnosis conclusion of suspected transformer could be drawn by the similar degree comparison between the optimal case and the suspected transformer. The application results show that the method has higher reliability and is more practical for the transformer incipient fault diagnosis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A legislative overview of No Child Left Behind
Authors: Mills Jack I. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNo Child Left Behind (NCLB), the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, was passed in 2002. This legislation broadly states federal policy regarding education and is situated within the historical context of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs. Like any federal legislation, NCLB consists of the legislation itself but also the procedures established by the U.S. Department of Education and interpretations of the legislation at the local education‐authority level. The author describes two of the four pillars of the legislation most relevant for evaluators: accountability requirements and application of rigorous scientific research. With the impending reauthorization of NCLB, possible changes to the legislation are discussed. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using evaluation data to strike a balance between stakeholders and accountability systems
Authors: Schmitt Lisa N. T. , Whitsett Maria Defino 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA district evaluator in a large Texas district examines new challenges arising since implementation of No Child Left Behind, relating to (1) navigating competing requirements in state and federal accountability systems; (2) evaluating effectiveness of sanctions districts are required to address; (3) using scientifically based research (SBR) to select effective programs and interventions; and (4) initiating SBR given high student mobility, inefficient data‐management systems, and competing priorities of local schools. This chapter details these challenges for district‐level evaluators and highlights how they can implement processes that strike a balance between supporting decision making and conducting rigorous evaluation. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of scientific research and evaluation on publishing educational curriculum
Authors: Baughman Marcy 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPrior to the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, scientific research to support development of curriculum materials or to demonstrate curricular efficacy was not required. NCLB transformed the development and publishing process for K–12 educational materials by prompting publishers to increase funding for experimentally based research on educational products used in schools. To maintain a viable place in the market, textbook publishers have faced challenges such as difficulty in conducting experimental research in schools, coordination with states' proposed curriculum adoption cycles, and use of limited resources to meet the needs of many more stakeholders in the new accountability framework. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Challenges and opportunities revealed by the impact of No Child Left Behind on evaluation as a discipline
Authors: Eddy Rebecca M. , Berry Tiffany 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe field of evaluation faces a number of serious challenges in light of No Child Left Behind legislation, among them feasibility, resources, and blurring lines among research, evaluation, and assessment. At the same time, these challenges open the door for opportunities in evaluation. Now more than ever, the expertise of evaluators is needed and the demand for well‐prepared evaluators has increased. The external demands of this legislation on evaluation practice suggest multiple opportunities for research on evaluation that will extend knowledge within the discipline of evaluation. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonlinear Position Control of a Scissor‐like Kinematics with Elastic Bodies
Authors: Ast Alexandra , Eberhard Peter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractParallel kinematics such as the described machine tools with scissor‐like kinematics present as nonlinear mechanical and strongly coupled systems with flexible bodies new challenges in the design and control of machine tools. Linear and independently controlled drives become infeasible due to the parallel setup, machine vibrations become important because lightweight designs are used. Advanced nonlinear and multi‐variable control methods show the potential to significantly increase the system performance. Furthermore, flexible multibody system models are a powerful tool for the controller design and evaluation in simulations. In this paper, a rigid as well as a flexible multibody system model of a test machine with scissorlike kinematics is developed. Experimental results with the machine prove that the developed nonlinear flatness‐based position controller is able to reduce the trajectory error significantly and that is is possible to achieve an adequate system performance with a nonlinear algorithm in a standard control setup for machine tools. Simulation results with the flexible multibody system further accentuate the need for additional measures such as active vibration damping if flexibilities and process forces are present in the system. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Copy number alterations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their association with minimal residual disease
Authors: Steinemann Doris , Cario Gunnar , Stanulla Martin , Karawajew Leonid , Tauscher Marcel , Weigmann Anja , Göhring Gudrun , Ludwig Wolf‐Dieter , Harbott Jochen , Radlwimmer Bernhard , Bartram Claus , Lichter Peter , Schrappe Martin , Schlegelberger Brigitte 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn vivo response to initial therapy, as assessed by determination of minimal residual disease (MRD) after 5 and 12 weeks of treatment, has evolved as a strong prognostic factor in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated according to the BFM regime. Individual treatment response may be influenced by copy number alterations (CNA) leading to altered gene expression. We aimed to evaluate CNA using high‐resolution array‐comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) in different treatment‐response groups. Leukemic genomic profiles of 25 standard risk (MRD‐SR) and 25 high risk (MRD‐HR) patients were compared. CNAs were found in 46/50 patients (92%). The most significant difference was a gain of 1q23‐qter because of an unbalanced t(1;19), found in 10/25 MRD‐SR patients, but in none of the MRD‐HR patients (P < 0.001). The most frequent CNAs in the MRD‐HR group were deletions of genomic regions harboring the immunoglobulin genes (Ig), e.g., 2p11.2 in 60% of MRD‐HR compared to 28% of MRD‐SR (P = 0.045). Combining all Ig loci, significantly more MRD‐HR than MRD‐SR patients displayed deletions (17:8 patients, P = 0.02). Frequency of other CNAs, such as loss of 9p21 or gains of 21q, did not differ strongly between the two patient groups. This is the first study evaluating the clinical significance of CNA as detected by array‐CGH in childhood ALL and the first to suggest that such analyses may provide clinically important data. This article contains supplementary material available via the Internet at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frontotemporal dementia––a clinically complex diagnosis
Authors: Rosness Tor Atle , Haugen Per Kristian , Passant Ulla , Engedal Knut 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the time taken to establish a clinical diagnosis of Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) relative to a diagnosis of early onset Alzheimer's dementia (AD).MethodsThe data came from 89 patients under the age of 65 years, 52 of whom met the Manchester‐Lund criteria for Frontotemporal dementia; 20 of these came from Lund University Hospital in Sweden. The other 32 patients with FTD along with 37 subjects who fulfilled the ICD‐10 criteria for early onset Alzheimer's disease were recruited from four memory clinics and two neurology departments in Norway.ResultsFor FTD patients in Norway it took 59.2 months (SD 36.1) from the onset of illness until a clinical FTD diagnosis was made. The corresponding time period for FTD patients in Sweden is 49.5 months (SD 24.5) and for AD patients in Norway 39.1 months (SD 19.9). The time from the first visit to a medical doctor until a diagnosis was made for the FTD patients in Norway was 34.5 months (SD 22.6), for the Swedish FTD patients 23.1 months (SD 22.4) and for the AD patients 25.9 months (SD 13.1). In all, 71% of FTD patients and 30% of AD patients initially received a non‐dementia diagnosis.ConclusionMore knowledge about early presenting cognitive and behavioural signs of FTD is needed in both primary and secondary health care to reduce the time period needed to establish a clinical diagnosis of FTD. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stopping antipsychotic drug therapy in demented nursing home patients: a randomized, placebo‐controlled study––The Bergen District Nursing Home Study (BEDNURS)
Authors: Ruths Sabine , Straand Jørund , Nygaard Harald A. , Aarsland Dag 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundDespite modest efficacy, unpredictable individual utility, and a high rate of adverse effects, behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common determinants for antipsychotic drug therapy in nursing home patients.AimsTo explore the impact on BPSD of stopping long‐term antipsychotic treatment in nursing home patients with dementia.MethodsFifty‐five patients (43 women; mean age 84.1) taking haloperidol, risperidone, or olanzapine for BPSD were randomly assigned to cessation (intervention group, n = 27) or continued treatment with antipsychotic drugs (reference group, n = 28) for 4 consecutive weeks. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) Questionnaire was used to examine changes in behavioural and psychological symptoms.ResultsBy study completion, 23 of the 27 intervention group patients were still off antipsychotics. Symptom scores (NPI) remained stable or even improved in 42 patients (intervention group, 18 out of 27; reference group, 24 out of 28; p = 0.18). As compared to patients with stable or improved symptom scores, patients with behavioural deterioration after antipsychotic cessation used higher daily drug doses at baseline (p = 0.42).ConclusionA large share of elderly nursing home patients on long‐term treatment with antipsychotics for BPSD, do well without this treatment. Standardized symptom evaluations and drug cessation attempts should therefore be undertaken at regular intervals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive factors for failure to identify sentinel nodes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hornstra Marije T. , Alkureishi Lee W. T. , Ross Gary L. , Shoaib Taimur , Soutar David S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to ascertain which factors determine success of sentinel node biopsy (SNB).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 121 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma undergoing SNB to stage the neck. All patients underwent the triple‐diagnostic procedure of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative blue dye, and a gamma probe. Factors contributing to failure of SNB were identified.ResultsSNB was unsuccessful in 12 of 121 patients (10%). Seven of the 12 patients had cT1/cT2 tumors, and 6 of these were located in the floor of mouth. SN identification was more likely to be successful in patients with cN0 necks, but this did not reach statistical significance (92% vs 84%, p = .268). Factors associated with failure included T classification (p = .01), tumor site (p = .05), and negative preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (p = .0174).ConclusionSuccessful sentinel lymph node harvest is related to primary tumor site, T classification, and the presence of nodes on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Primary laryngeal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma—Report of a rare case
Authors: Monobe Hiroko , Nakashima Masato , Tominaga Kunihiko 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundNatural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma involving the larynx is a rare entity, and its clinical picture has not been described.Methods and ResultsA 73‐year‐old man had a granulomatous tumor involving the larynx. Multiple biopsies over 1 year were needed to reach an accurate diagnosis of NK/T‐cell lymphoma. This patient died of the disease despite the use of chemotherapy.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of primary laryngeal NK/T‐cell that illustrates its clinical picture. In the early stage of the disease, this type of tumor can present as granulous tumor‐like lesion without a definite destructive lesion. This tumor type should be kept in mind in tumors that are difficult to diagnose, especially in Asian populations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008