bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonic setting and regional significance of the ‘Port aux Basques Gneiss’, SW Newfoundland
Authors: SCHOFIELD D. I. , VAN STAAL C. R. , WINCHESTER J. A. 
Published: December 2007

The ‘Port aux Basques Gneiss’ of southwest Newfoundland comprises three paragneiss and schist assemblages: the Grand Bay and Port aux Basques complexes, and the Harbour le Cou Group. They are intruded by large volumes of basic sheets and coeval Middle Ordovician granitoids: the Margaree and Kelby Cove orthogneiss, which also cut a tectonic slice of earlier ultrabasic to basic rocks within the Grand Bay Complex: the Big Barachois assemblage. The Grand Bay and Port aux Basques complexes are juxtaposed by the Late Silurian Isle aux Morts Fault Zone against the Harbour le Cou Group to the east, which dominantly comprises sillimanite and garnet-bearing, pyritiferous metasediments with amphibolitic intrusions and meta-pillow basalts in its lower stratigraphic units.
Geochemical studies have shown that metabasites of the Grand Bay Complex, Port aux Basques Complex, Margaree and Kelby Cove orthogneiss comprise fractionated and crustally contaminated MORB-like and within plate tholeiites, suggestive of an ensialic Okinawa type back-arc basin. These have comparable characteristics to metabasites in the Harbour le Cou Group and suggest that these units comprise remnants of an extensive Mid-Ordovician marginal basin developed within a promontory on the peri-Gondwanan continental margin. In contrast, the Big Barachois assemblage in part comprises a distinct suite of pre-Mid-Ordovician Island Arc Tholeiites
Characterizing and producing from reservoirs in landslides: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Welbon A. I. F. , Brockbank P. J. , Brunsden D. , Olsen T. S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Landslides can consist of rotational slips, translational glide blocks, topples, talus slopes, debris flows, mudslides and compressional toes which can combine in different proportions to form complex landslides. The mass movement can be subaerial or submarine, occur over wide ranges of scale and can vary in rate from creep to catastrophic failure. Complexity of the landslide reflects the controlling factors including the strength of the deforming material and triggering mechanisms such as earthquakes, imposed load, increasing topographic relief and removal of toe material.
Processes of landslide deformation include slip on discrete surfaces, distributed shear within the landslide, vertical thinning and lateral spreading through shear, fluidization, porosity collapse and loss of material from the top or toe of the complex. These processes control the quality of the resultant reservoirs. This leads to a greater range of reservoir types than conventional faulted reservoirs, with a proportionate upside and downside potential and difficulty in quantifying uncertainty.

This paper uses examples from the literature, outcrops and subsurface datasets (including the Statfjord Field and the Halten Terrace in Norway) to outline the complexity of reservoirs in landslides and the challenges and opportunities in finding and producing them. We present workflows for seismic and subseismic characterization for exploration and reservoir scale based on geomorphological principles. Seismic mapping is achieved by classifying the form of the reflectors (both slip surfaces and the bounding envelope of the landslide) from an atlas of geometric and structural styles and is applied to both the Halten Terrace example and the Statfjord Field. We present a new workflow for reservoir characterization in which integration of structural, biostratigraphic, sedimentological and dynamic data gives key information on process, timing and heterogeneity of the reservoir. For the Statfjord field, important maps of the landslide block stratigraphy derived from a subcrop map and communication maps based on a
c
. 130 well dataset can be correlated to outcrop analogues and used to develop a predictive tool for landslide reservoir extent and quality, both in this field and others.
Gene Expression-Based Molecular Diagnostic System for Malignant Gliomas Is Superior to Histological Diagnosis
Authors: Shirahata Mitsuaki , Iwao-Koizumi Kyoko , Saito Sakae , Ueno Noriko , Oda Masashi , Hashimoto Nobuo , Takahashi Jun A. , Kato Kikuya 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Current morphology-based glioma classification methods do not adequately reflect the complex biology of gliomas, thus limiting their prognostic ability. In this study, we focused on anaplastic oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma, which typically follow distinct clinical courses. Our goal was to construct a clinically useful molecular diagnostic system based on gene expression profiling.
Experimental Design: The expression of 3,456 genes in 32 patients, 12 and 20 of whom had prognostically distinct anaplastic oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma, respectively, was measured by PCR array. Next to unsupervised methods, we did supervised analysis using a weighted voting algorithm to construct a diagnostic system discriminating anaplastic oligodendroglioma from glioblastoma. The diagnostic accuracy of this system was evaluated by leave-one-out cross-validation. The clinical utility was tested on a microarray-based data set of 50 malignant gliomas from a previous study.
Results: Unsupervised analysis showed divergent global gene expression patterns between the two tumor classes. A supervised binary classification model showed 100% (95% confidence interval, 89.4-100%) diagnostic accuracy by leave-one-out cross-validation using 168 diagnostic genes. Applied to a gene expression data set from a previous study, our model correlated better with outcome than histologic diagnosis, and also displayed 96.6% (28 of 29) consistency with the molecular classification scheme used for these histologically controversial gliomas in the original article. Furthermore, we observed that histologically diagnosed glioblastoma samples that shared anaplastic oligodendroglioma molecular characteristics tended to be associated with longer survival.
Conclusions: Our molecular diagnostic system showed reproducible clinical utility and prognostic ability superior to traditional histopathologic diagnosis for malignant glioma.
Pharmacodynamic Markers of Perifosine Efficacy
Authors: Hennessy Bryan T. , Lu Yiling , Poradosu Enrique , Yu Qianghua , Yu Shuangxing , Hall Hassan , Carey Mark S. , Ravoori Murali , Gonzalez-Angulo Ana Maria , Birch Robert , Henderson I. Craig , Kundra Vikas , Mills Gordon B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Purpose: It is critical to develop methods to quantify the early pharmacodynamic effects of targeted therapeutics in vivo to make drug development more efficient and ensure biologically relevant dosing. Furthermore, an ability to identify patients likely to respond to targeted therapeutics would decrease the size, duration, and cost of clinical trials, resulting in more efficient translation to improved patient outcomes. Recent studies suggest that perifosine inhibits the phosphatidylinositol-3′-kinase (PI3K) pathway by preventing cell membrane recruitment of the AKT pleckstrin homology domain.
Experimental Design: A novel functional proteomics technology, reverse phase protein array, was used to establish and quantify pharmacodynamic markers of perifosine efficacy.
Results: Perifosine selectively prevents AKT recruitment to the membrane and blocks activation of downstream effectors. Perifosine inhibited breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer models. Growth inhibition was associated with apoptosis. Activation of AKT as a consequence of genomic aberrations predicted perifosine efficacy. In cell lines and xenografts, there was a highly statistically significant correlation between the degree of antitumor efficacy of different perifosine doses and quantified down-regulation of phosphorylation of AKT and of its downstream targets, particularly S6.
Conclusions: Because of a strong correlation between proportional modulation of PI3K pathway biomarkers and quantified perifosine efficacy, it is likely that early measurement of such pharmacodynamic biomarkers with reverse phase protein array will optimize selection of responding patients and guide perifosine dosing. Furthermore, PI3K pathway activation status may allow baseline selection of patients most likely to respond to perifosine alone or in combination with other therapies.
A Novel Set of DNA Methylation Markers in Urine Sediments for Sensitive/Specific Detection of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Yu Jian , Zhu Tongyu , Wang Zhirou , Zhang Hongyu , Qian Ziliang , Xu Huili , Gao Baomei , Wang Wei , Gu Lianping , Meng Jun , Wang Jina , Feng Xu , Li Yixue , Yao Xuebiao , Zhu Jingde 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to provide a better set of DNA methylation markers in urine sediments for sensitive and specific detection of bladder cancer.
Experimental Design: Fifty-nine tumor-associated genes were profiled in three bladder cancer cell lines, a small cohort of cancer biopsies and urine sediments by methylation-specific PCR. Twenty-one candidate genes were then profiled in urine sediments from 132 bladder cancer patients (8 cases for stage 0a; 68 cases for stage I; 50 cases for stage II; 4 cases for stages III; and 2 cases for stage IV), 23 age-matched patients with noncancerous urinary lesions, 6 neurologic diseases, and 7 healthy volunteers.
Results: Despite six incidences of four genes reported in 3 of 23 noncancerous urinary lesion patients analyzed, cancer-specific hypermethylation in urine sediments were reported for 15 genes (P &lt; 0.05). Methylation assessment of an 11-gene set (SALL3, CFTR, ABCC6, HPR1, RASSF1A, MT1A, RUNX3, ITGA4, BCL2, ALX4, MYOD1, DRM, CDH13, BMP3B, CCNA1, RPRM, MINT1, and BRCA1) confirmed the existing diagnosis of 121 among 132 bladder cancer cases (sensitivity, 91.7%) with 87% accuracy. Significantly, more than 75% of stage 0a and 88% of stage I disease were detected, indicating its value in the early diagnosis of bladder cancer. Interestingly, the cluster of reported methylation markers used in the U.S. bladder cancers is distinctly different from that identified in this study, suggesting a possible epigenetic disparity between the American and Chinese cases.
Conclusions: Methylation profiling of an 11-gene set in urine sediments provides a sensitive and specific detection of bladder cancer.
Clinical and Biological Significance of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Kamat Aparna A. , Merritt William M. , Coffey Donna , Lin Yvonne G. , Patel Pooja R. , Broaddus Russell , Nugent Elizabeth , Han Liz Y. , Landen Charles N. , Spannuth Whitney A. , Lu Chunhua , Coleman Robert L. , Gershenson David M. , Sood Anil K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is critical for angiogenesis and tumor progression; however, its role in endometrial cancer is not fully known. Therefore, we examined the clinical and therapeutic significance of VEGF in endometrial carcinoma using patient samples and an endometrioid orthotopic mouse model.
Experimental Design: Following Institutional Review Board approval, VEGF expression and microvessel density (MVD) counts were evaluated using immunohistochemistry in 111 invasive endometrioid endometrial cancers by two independent investigators. Results were correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics. For the animal model, Ishikawa or Hec-1A cancer cell lines were injected directly into the uterine horn. Therapy experiments with bevacizumab alone or in combination with docetaxel were done and samples were analyzed for markers of angiogenesis and proliferation.
Results: Of 111 endometrial cancers, high expression of VEGF was seen in 56% of tumors. There was a strong correlation between VEGF expression and MVD (P &lt; 0.001). On multivariate analysis, stage (P = 0.04), grade (P = 0.003), VEGF levels (P = 0.03), and MVD (P = 0.037) were independent predictors of shorter disease-specific survival. In the murine model, whereas docetaxel and bevacizumab alone resulted in 61% to 77% tumor growth inhibition over controls, combination therapy had the greatest efficacy (85-97% inhibition over controls; P &lt; 0.01) in both models. In treated tumors, combination therapy significantly reduced MVD counts (50-70% reduction over controls; P &lt; 0.01) and percent proliferation (39% reduction over controls; P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions: Increased levels of VEGF and angiogenic markers are associated with poor outcome in endometrioid endometrial cancer patients. Using a novel orthotopic model of endometrioid endometrial cancer, we showed that combination of antivascular therapy with docetaxel is highly efficacious and should be considered for future clinical trials.
NKG2D-Mediated Antitumor Activity by Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Antigen-Specific T-Cell Clones Isolated from Melanoma Patients
Authors: Maccalli Cristina , Nonaka Daisuke , Piris Adriano , Pende Daniela , Rivoltini Licia , Castelli Chiara , Parmiani Giorgio 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPurpose: The role of NKG2D receptor in antitumor immunosurveillance has not been completely clarified. We addressed this issue by investigating the involvement of this receptor in tumor-specific immunologic response in melanoma patients.Experimental Design: We determined the presence of NKG2D+ T cells among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of 10 (one primary and 9 metastatic) melanoma samples and the expression of NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL) by these tumor cells. Moreover, the expression of NKG2D was assessed in a panel of antigen-specific T lymphocytes isolated from melanoma patients and the engagement of NKG2D in antitumor activity mediated by these T cells was determined.Results: TILs located either in the periphery or within the tumor mass of melanoma samples expressed NKG2D and the expression of this receptor by T cells was retained after in vitro culture. However, NKG2DLs were weakly expressed, or not expressed, by most metastatic lesions with only the primary tumor being positive for all these molecules. In contrast, these ligands were expressed, although heterogeneously, by all in vitro established melanoma lines. Moreover, the engagement of NKG2D occurred in antitumor activity by both freshly isolated and in vitro cultured TILs. However, this receptor was involved to a different extent in the antitumor activity of antigen-specific T-cell clones.Conclusions: These findings indicate that NKG2D+ T cells have a role in the immunologic response against tumor. Thus, new immunotherapeutic treatments for melanoma patients should be designed aimed at augmenting the NKG2D+ T lymphocyte–mediated immune response.
Towards a Viable and Just Global Nursing Ethics
Authors: Crigger Nancy J. 
Published: December 2007

Globalization, an outgrowth of technology, while informing us about people throughout the world, also raises our awareness of the extreme economic and social disparities that exist among nations. As part of a global discipline, nurses are vitally interested in reducing and eliminating disparities so that better health is achieved for all people. Recent literature in nursing encourages our discipline to engage more actively with social justice issues. Justice in health care is a major commitment of nursing; thus questions in the larger sphere of globalization, justice and ethics, are our discipline's questions also. Global justice, or fairness, is not an issue for some groups or institutions, but a deeper human rights issue that is a responsibility for everyone. What can we do to help reduce or eliminate the social and economic disparities that are so evident? What kind of ethical milieu is needed to address the threat that globalization imposes on justice and fairness? This article enriches the conceptualization of globalization by investigating recent work by Schweiker and Twiss. In addition, I discuss five qualities or characteristics that will facilitate the development of a viable and just global ethic. A global ethic guides all people in their response to human rights and poverty. Technology and business, two major forces in globalization that are generally considered beneficial, are critiqued as barriers to social justice and the common good. To turn human nature into humanity and righteousness is like turning the willow into cups and bowls. The book of Mencius
Standardised PCR-based molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis
Authors: Allix-Béguec C. , Supply P. , Wanlin M. , Bifani P. , Fauville-Dufaux M. 
Published: December 2007

A population-based molecular epidemiology investigation has been undertaken to evaluate tuberculosis transmission and control in the Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium).All tuberculosis cases reported from January 2003 to December 2004 were investigated. In total, 536Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates (89% of culture-positive samples) were genotyped by the newly standardised 24 loci-based mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem-repeat typing, spoligotyping and IS6110fingerprinting.Of all the patients, 30% were grouped based on strain clusters, suggesting a transmission index of 20%. An unsuspected outbreak entailing ≥23 patients was evidenced by molecular typing analysis and confirmed by contact tracing. Foreign-born status accounted for 79% of the studied patients, including 37.9% illegal immigrants and asylum seekers. Among foreign-born patients, asylum seekers and illegal immigrants were significantly less abundant in strain clusters than settled residents.Tuberculosis in the Brussels-Capital Region is a bi-faceted problem, comprising both persisting recent transmission and “imported diseases”. Molecular epidemiology based on real-time genotyping techniques has proven invaluable in better understanding tuberculosis transmission. However, it will most efficiently contribute to tuberculosis control when implemented in an integrated public health system.
Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition attenuates pulmonary inflammation in neonatal lung injury
Authors: de Visser Y. P. , Walther F. J. , Laghmani E. H. , van Wijngaarden S. , Nieuwland K. , Wagenaar G. T. M. 
Published: December 2007

Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors may offer novel therapeutic strategies in respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, selective PDE4 inhibitors may also provide a therapeutic option for very pre-term infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The anti-inflammatory effect of two PDE4 inhibitors was investigated in a pre-term rat model of hyperoxia-induced lung injury.Pre-term rat pups were exposed to room air, hyperoxia, or hyperoxia and one of two PDE4 inhibitors: rolipram and piclamilast. The anti-inflammatory effects of prolonged PDE4 inhibitor therapy were investigated by studying survival, histopathology, fibrin deposition, alveolar vascular leakage and differential mRNA expression (real-time RT-PCR) of key genes involved in inflammation, alveolar enlargement, coagulation and fibrinolysis.PDE4 inhibitor therapy prolonged median survival by up to 7 days and reduced alveolar fibrin deposition, lung inflammation and vascular leakage by decreasing the influx of monocytes and macrophages and protein efflux in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Analysis of mRNA expression of key genes involved in experimental BPD revealed a significant PDE4 inhibitor-induced improvement of genes involved in inflammation, fibrin deposition and alveolarisation.In conclusion, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition prolongs survival by inhibiting inflammation and reducing alveolar fibrin deposition in pre-term rat pups with neonatal hyperoxic lung injury, whereby piclamilast outperformed rolipram.
Effectiveness of pharmacist intervention for asthma control improvement
Authors: Mehuys E. , Van Bortel L. , De Bolle L. , Van Tongelen I. , Annemans L. , Remon J. P. , Brusselle G. 
Published: December 2007

Education on optimal medication use is an essential strategy to improve asthma control. The current authors investigated whether pharmacist interventions, focused on appropriate use of asthma medication and tailor-made to the patient's current asthma control, would improve asthma control in adult patients.A 6-month randomised, controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted in 66 community pharmacies in Belgium. Patients were randomly assigned to receive usual pharmacist care (n = 94) or a pre-defined pharmacist intervention (n = 107). This intervention mainly focused on improving inhalation technique and medication adherence. Primary outcome was the level of asthma control, as assessed by the Asthma Control Test® (ACT).Mean ACT scores did not change from baseline for both study groups. However, a pre-defined subgroup analysis of patients having insufficiently controlled asthma at baseline showed that the intervention had significantly increased the ACT score after 6 months compared with usual care. The intervention also reduced, for the complete study group, reliever medication use and the frequency of night-time awakenings due to asthma. Inhalation technique and adherence to controller medication were significantly better in the intervention group.In conclusion, pragmatic community pharmacy-based programmes can significantly improve therapeutic outcomes in adult asthma patients.
Sildenafil treatment in COPD does not affect stroke volume or exercise capacity
Authors: Rietema H. , Holverda S. , Bogaard H. J. , Marcus J. T. , Smit H. J. , Westerhof N. , Postmus P. E. , Boonstra A. , Vonk-Noordegraaf A. 
Published: December 2007

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, stroke volume response to exercise is impaired. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether 3 months of sildenafil treatment improves stroke volume and, if so, whether this improvement is related to the pulmonary artery pressure and translated into an improved exercise capacity.A total of 15 stable COPD patients (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage II–IV) underwent right heart catheterisation at rest and during exercise. Stroke volume was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at rest and during submaximal exercise in the supine position and compared with eight age-matched controls. Additionally, a cardiopulmonary exercise test and a 6-min walking distance test were performed. Exercise tests and MRI were repeated after 12 weeks of oral therapy with 50 mg sildenafil three times daily.Stroke volume in COPD patients was significantly lower than in healthy controls (62±12versus81±22 mL at rest and 70±15versus101±28 mL during exercise). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was diagnosed in nine patients and was absent in six. Treatment with sildenafil had no effect on stroke volume or exercise capacity. Although the stroke volume was lower in COPD patients with associated PH in comparison with non-PH patients, there was no difference in treatment response between both groups.In the present group of 15 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, a reduced stroke volume was found at rest and during exercise. Neither stroke volume nor exercise capacity were improved by 3 months of sildenafil therapy.