bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer Applications to Enhance Production Optimisation and Process Efficiency
Authors: Scott Claire E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Even where production is largely constrained by gas demand through fixed contracts, revenue from hyrdocarbon liquid recovery can be maximised through optimisation of well production and process efficiency.
Significant improvement in oil and condensate recovery has been achieved at Shell Todd Oil Services Ltd (STOS) using computer applications developed within the Operating Company, focussing on value enhancement as well as cost reduction. Installation of PI (Plant Information) has been fundamental in the development of these user-friendly PC based tools.
KAOS (Kapuni Apportioned Optimisation Spreadsheet) combines thermodynamic understanding of the process with well characteristic data to form a non-linear optimisation tool in MS Excel. It is used successfully by field operators to optimise production by prioritising wells and predicting optimal operating conditions. An extension of this tool quantifies condensate deferment and loss caused by sub-optimal operation, to highlight improvement opportunities. The KAOS model also forms the foundation for a Dynamic Production Forecasting tool, currently being developed for condensate shipping and maintenance scheduling.
Data from PI is used to advantage in another MS Excel based tool developed to monitor efficiency of an offshore gas compression system on a continuous basis. The model brings together all process information, including ambient conditions, so that operations and interactions can be conceived in a way that was not possible before PI. A more intimate knowledge of the process has enabled enhancement of oil recovery through rationalisation of maintenance, improvement in plant performance and assurance of integrity.
Efficient Technology Application to Optimize Wellbore Placement of Horizontal Wells by Utilizing Reservoir Navigation System: Case Study
Authors: Al-Mubarak H. K. , Al-Faraj O. A. , Salamy S. P. , Al-Ali H. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Currently, horizontal wells in Saudi Aramco have been designed to improve recovery efficiency, to increase reservoir drainage area and to delay gas and water coning. Data transmission has utilized INSITE™ (Integrated System for Information and Technology Engineering) system to transmit real time drilling and well log data during the drilling of multi-lateral horizontal wells. Simply, the system transmits real time engineering data (Inclination, Azimuth, Depths and Well log) from the field to the desktop computer at the office.
The real time data transmition system enabled office staff to accomplish the following objectives: ➢Geo-steer the wellbore trajectory to the target reservoir➢Avoid reservoir faults and compartments in unknown areas➢Maximize wellbore length with a multi-lateral completion➢Save rig time by enhancing decision-making capability
This paper presents a case study of INSITE™ in difficult environments. The results show that this well was drilled in challenging environments and completed successfully as a multi-lateral producer. The results are discussed and recommendations made to improve the system for future applications.
Effect of Tool Joints on Contact Force and Axial Force Transfer in Horizontal Wellbores
Authors: Duman O. B. , Miska S. , Kuru E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effect of tool joints on the buckling/post-buckling behavior of drill pipes constrained in straight horizontal wellbores. Buckling/post-buckling behavior of drill pipes has been traditionally investigated using continuous pipes. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the effect of tool joints is included in such a study.
The University of Tulsa Drilling Research Projects experimental buckling facility has been used to carry out the desired experiments.
Axial loads at the both ends of the pipe and contact forces at the tool joints were measured. Change in drillpipe configuration was also investigated visually as the axial load increased.
Some of the new findings of this study can be summarized as follows: Sequential occurrence of buckling/post buckling configuration of jointed pipe is similar to that of continuous pipes that have been reported previously by various investigators. In other words, in both cases, the pipes buckle first laterally, and then helically as the axial compressive load increases.The presence of tool joints does not affect the critical lateral (sinusoidal) buckling load significantly. However, it increases the critical load causing helical pipe configuration (helical buckling) by about 20 %.Efficiency of the axial load transfer is improved by about 40 % with the tool joints.
Results of this study will help to improve the design of operational parameters for drilling with jointed pipes as well as using coiled tubing. In particular, improved axial load transfer performance would allow drillers to use higher weight on bit and consequently faster and possibly less costly drilling.
Expandable Tubular Technology in PDO – An Expandable Sand Screen Case History
Authors: Al -Shandoodi Majid , van Noort Roger 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper outlines a short introduction of the status of the implementation of Expandable Tubular Technology in PDO in general and the job history of a short Expandable Sand Screen (ESS) installation in cased hole. It highlights the benefits of using ESS for such applications in terms of cost and production. This ESS installation also involved the first use of a modified section of a casing patch as a hanging mechanism.
Innovative Metal Seal Roller Cone Bit Cuts Drilling Costs in Abu Dhabi Onshore Fields by 42%
Authors: Shouman Atef H. , Hegab Mahmoud Sultan , Abdelshafy Osama M. , Zaki Mohsen 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The positive economic impact of a metal bearing seal on roller cone bits used in conjunction with downhole motors and steerable systems in a Abu Dhabi Onshore fields has been dramatic. The metal seal has proven its ability to extend seal/bearing life of roller cone bits significantly (one million bit revolutions or 1000 krevs without seal failure are common) relative to elastomer sealed bits. This bearing, along with an improved cutting structure, has resulted in more on bottom drilling time.
The metal seal technology is especially useful when used on steerable motor assemblies. The bits have been successfully applied to kick-off from vertical and generally drill the 8-1/2" build section between 8°-14°/100 ft to the landing point at 90°, through interbedded formations ranging from soft shales to medium-hard limestones. Unconfined Compressive Strength varies from 5,000 psi to 15,000 psi. As the bits were applied throughout the region, the manufacturer used step changes to improve the cutting structure and hydraulics to further enhance bit performance and durability.
The authors will document significant cost reduction through improved bit performance in high-speed directional applications for the new metal bearing seal design compared to the best performing elastomer sealed bits. The study will include data from 386 bit runs totaling over 232,734 feet and 15,821 drilling hours documenting a decrease of 42% in cost per foot or a saving of US$3,836,400 over a three year period between April 1998 - March 2001.
Occupational Health Management - A Model for Success
Authors: Austin W. B. , Boelens P. R. M. , Dunkley N. R. T. , Al-Maskery K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In 1997, an external review of the Company's occupational health management program found significant shortcomings that were not in line with the Company vision "to be recognized as one of the world's best E&P operators". Steps were taken to improve the management of occupational health within the Company and throughout its contractor workforce. This paper will describe the key elements of a successful model that has been developed and utilized. These key elements include a Driving Force, a Dedicated Team, a Deliberate Approach, Delivered Results, and a Dynamic Future.
Joint Safety Venture for HSE Management on Offshore Oil / Gas Installations
Authors: Gourh Ramesh C. , Chakraborty A B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Joint Safety Venture (JSV) for the Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) management was formed by an operating company along with a contractor company for its common work sites to facilitate achieve the goal of loss prevention by controlling the accidental losses to people, product, process, property and environment. The other loss prevention steps undertaken were the development of safe and environment friendly practices, system development to solve problems related to common work areas, better compliance to HSE statutory regulations and sharing of HSE training and development program.
Both companies (A National oil company & an International oil field service provider company) that formed joint safety venture, had a working relationship in the oil field operations for the past 37 years and these companies were committed towards safety and environment protection, attached paramount importance to the HSE, for the long term sustainable business operations.
The scope of this paper covers in detail about the formation of joint safety venture (JSV) between the two leading companies, its genesis, issuance of charter statement, JSV organization, strategy adoption, setting objectives, preparation of plans, selection of activities, execution and monitoring methodology, performance parameters, planned visits to the work sites, management reviews, future development program and other steps for the continued involvement of all personnel.
The nature of the work undertaken by the JSV was targeted mainly towards the improvement in the HSE standards at work sites through the involvement of personnel, information sharing and experience. The functioning of JSV continued for nearly two years at the selected pilot sites that resulted in enhanced awareness, reduction in accidents, near misses, losses and better compliance to the rules and guidelines besides an overall satisfactory performance. The JSV is a new concept & trend towards information sharing, teamwork and mutual cooperation towards HSE management.
This paper deals primarily with the sharing of experience.
Low Back Pain: An on the Job Occupational Health Issue
Authors: Razavi Jalees K. , Cheng Jim 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is the commonest cause of disability in persons under 46 years of age.1
LBP remains one of the most difficult challenges that face health care providers, as there are 9 important factors that compound the ability to manage, minimize the cost and predict its outcome: Low back pain is a symptom and not a disease yet it remains the commonest used term to describe the diagnosis.2Low back pain can be caused due to injury or disease process.2There are many diseases in systems other than musculo-skeletal systems that cause LBP.2Most types of back pain closely mimic each other.2Part of the problem is due to the fact that the region of the low back is extremely complex, both anatomically and functionally.3Another difficulty is the inability to objectively define a measurement for pain. 3A large part of the problem is the cultural need to medicalize LBP, linking the symptoms to radiological abnormalities requested by physicians. 2Physicians' insufficient understanding of the topic and its management leading to patient advocacy.2,3Poor medical results of occupationally related LBP in institutions unprepared to deal with this problem.2,3
Many psychological factors are thought to be causative in development, exacerbation and/or maintenance of chronic LBP.4
Deepwater Development Environmental Issues and Challenges
Authors: Armstrong L. J. , Jean P. , Puz G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
As the development of oil and gas moves into deeper waters, new environmental issues and challenges present themselves to oil companies. The environmental issues arise for several different reasons including: Technologies used in shallow waters are no longer adequate for water depths over 1000 meters. As a result, the environmental consequences of some of the newer deepwater technologies are not well understood. This requires the standard impact assessments for drilling, subsea production systems and FPSOs (Floating Production, Storage, and Offloading) vessels to be revisited.The environmental setting in deep water is very different than in shallow water. The deep ocean is poorly understood in terms of physical properties and their importance. Also, hydrocarbon seeps and thermal vents provide habitat for newly discovered or poorly understood benthic organisms. Pelagic organisms, similar to those found in shallow waters, may have adaptive modifications for deeper waters. Therefore, impacts to the environment need to be considered relative to these organisms.Water depth and distance from the coast present challenges for discharge management and emergency response. The routine discharges associated with oil operations can be different in the deepwater environment in terms of quantities and mixing. Unintended releases, such as oil spills, can provide new challenges for emergency response.
This paper provides a summary of the environmental issues and challenges identified during several deepwater projects, as well as issues identified and published by others world-wide. Ongoing research and proposed future research efforts are identified, where available.
Engineering and Operational Issues Associated with Commingled Drill Cuttings and Produced Water Re-injection Schemes
Authors: Hagan Joseph T. , Murray Laurence R. , Meling T. , Guo Quanxin , McLennan John D. , Abou-Sayed Ahmed S. , Kristiansen T. G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Current BP Group Environmental Expectations of zero discharge of oilfield waste to the environment by 2005 and reduction in land-fill disposal options are driving the Company towards innovative disposal schemes that offer attractive and significant environmental and operational cost benefits. One of the current BP initiatives is to merge the synergies of both produced water and drilling cuttings into a single commingled re-injection scheme in the same well. Merging the two technologies for waste disposal in the same formation in the same well becomes a very attractive option, if the well can be engineered and completed to meet the specific objectives of disposing of large volumes of produced water and periodic disposal of drill cuttings from in-fill wells. The main advantages of such a disposal scheme are: Better assurance of fracture containment for disposal of oil-contaminated cuttings.Reduced cost of both operations because of fewer wells and reduced chemicals cost than would be required for separate drill cuttings and produced water disposal schemes.Potential recovery of disposal cost with secondary recovery, if suitable targets are available.
BP has successfully implemented commingled re-injection of produced water and drill cuttings in the Wytch Farm and Valhall fields. These commingled re-injection schemes were implemented to address urgent operational need to manage drill cuttings disposal when only water injector wells or producers were available. This paper addresses key engineering issues and risks, which are being evaluated as part of an ongoing BP project to develop engineering guidelines for commingled produced water (PWRI) and drill cuttings (DCRI) re-injection. The paper outlines synergies and differences in current DCRI and PWRI processes and the dominant parameters that are likely to control successful commingled re-injection process.
Health Integration into Upstream Operations and Business Systems
Authors: Zampello F. C. , Lindemann K. C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Most companies today have adopted a systems approach to managing activities related to safety, health, and the environment. Corporate guidance is usually general in nature and business segments must elaborate on the requirements and focus efforts on particular risks or activities (or both). This paper describes how one company has developed a standard health management system to cover upstream operations; developed common procedures to meet system requirements, address anticipated risks, and establish consistent programs; and worked with the various business divisions to integrate system requirements and common procedures into established business operations.
The health management system is one of several standard upstream management systems. The primary objective of the health system is to prevent safety, health, and environment (SHE) incidents associated with health issues. The scope of the upstream health system addresses traditional work site occupational health "OH" risks (e.g., chemical and physical agents), public health risks and medical care delivery issues. Public health and medical care issues are key concerns for pre-production and new operations in remote locations or developing countries. The standard system contains three processes: (1) Managing Site Health Risks, (2) Managing Employee Health, and (3) Managing Primary and Emergency Medical Care.
This process includes hazard identification, risk assessment, control measures and communications and training as shown below.
Zero Tolerance Program to Enhance Safety Awareness During Well Services Jobs
Authors: Farooqui Mohammad A. , Saudi Mohamed M. , Al-Ghurairi Fadhel A. , Blanke Allen T. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Saudi Aramco has implemented a very successful and effective program to emphasize the awareness of safety during the increasingly complex rigless well services jobs in its maturing oil fields and during development activities in its new gas fields. The need for developing a structured approach to safe execution of field jobs was heightened due to increasing utilization of horizontal well completions that pose a higher risk and require greater logistical support during rigless jobs and the initiation of an aggressive deep gas development program
The objective of the Zero Tolerance Program is to complete all field jobs without incident, injury or loss of resources while maximizing benefits and gaining knowledge to sustain the process of continuous employee development.
The program comprises four basic elements: Human Resources Development.Planning.Safe and Effective Job Execution.Post-job Evaluation "Continued Excellence".
Although engineers generally follow various guidelines and procedures covered under these categories, the Zero Tolerance Program provides the advantage of putting these critical factors in a formal, structured document to ensure effective and consistent implementation.
The paper covers details of these elements and also discusses tracking and accountability procedures to ensure that the program is effectively implemented. An aggressive implementation campaign of this structured program among the field personnel has greatly enhanced the awareness of safety related issues during rigless well services operations in the field.
Improving HSE Performance by Management of Human Factors
Authors: Pipitsangchand Susama , Somta Pichet 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Management of human factors is recognized as an essential role in the control of risk. Human factors cover a wide range of issues, which include the perceptual mental and physical capabilities of people and the interactions of individuals with their job and working environments, the influence of equipment and systems design on human performance, and the organizational characteristics that influence safety related behavior at work (1). At PTTEP statistics over a number of years were analyzed; the result showed that "human factors" was the root cause behind most accidents.
In order to improve human behavior, several schemes were introduced all aimed at increasing HSE awareness and consciousnesses of all personnel. These approaches included: HSE training improvement;Monthly HSE publication (HSE bulletin);Safety alert;HSE information board;HSE promotion campaigns such as monthly quiz, unsafe act / condition reporting campaign;HSE exhibition week;Contractor HSE forum; etc.
It is also a real challenge to assess the achievement of the above schemes. One of the assessment tools is the HSE awareness survey. A HSE awareness questionnaire was created. It is not only to evaluate the level of health, safety and environmental awareness of company personnel but also to provide a guideline for improving HSE promotion and communication of the company, as a result.
The HSE awareness survey results for the past 3 years showed that the level of HSE awareness progressively increased when comparing the results of 1998 with 2000. There was about 15% improvement. Whereas, the trend in the number of recordable incidents per million man-hours is steadily decreased. The 2000 results were nearly half of 1998.
Integrating Environmental Impact Evaluation into a Quality, Health, Safety and Environmental Management System
Authors: Sweeney Denis , Hughes John , Cockshell Dave 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents a management tool, known as Environmentally Compliant Operations – Seismic Environmental Impact System (EcoSeis*), that monitors and assesses the environmental performance of land seismic activities and the subsequent integration of this management tool into a Quality, Health, Safety and Environmental Management System (qHSE-MS).
EcoSeis uses a process called "Goal Attainment Scaling," (GAS) which was developed in the 1960s and 1970s as a tool for monitoring and evaluation in the field of human services. This tool was adapted by the petroleum industry through collaboration between government—Primary Industries and Resources, South Australia (PIRSA)—industry and environmental interest groups.
EcoSeis provides a credible means for establishing environmental objectives that are relevant and appropriate to the activities being undertakena practical means for evaluating the level of attainment of those objectivesan independent means for assessing the performance of company management systems, from process and outcome perspectives.
The integration of EcoSeis into a QHSE-MS enables a mechanism whereby, should land seismic field activity fail to meet the desired criteria, appropriate prevention and mitigation measures are put in place.
This paper presents the results of such a process while conducting land seismic surveys in the arid dunefield and floodplain land systems in the South Australian sector of the Cooper basin situated in the northeastern corner of that state (Fig. 1). Results have shown that the integration of EcoSeis into a QHSE-MS provides the necessary loop closure to ensure the ongoing development of processes and techniques to reduce environmental impact.