bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle and tendon injuries in dogs
Authors: VAUGHAN L. C. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe conditions described fall into three categories: (1) muscle contractures (mm. infraspinatus, gracilis and quadriceps); (2) avulsion and displacement of muscles and tendons; and (3) severance of tendons (Achilles, digital flexors).The clinical features and treatment are outlined for each condition mentioned, and aspects of aetiology are discussed.The approach essential to the satisfactory repair of severed tendons is presented and the techniques employed for primary and secondary suturing are described.An account is also given of the use being made of carbon fibre implants in the repair of tendon injuries.
Functional neoplasms of the canine pancreatic‐islet β‐cells: a clinico‐pathological study of three cases
Authors: HUXTABLE C. R. , FARROW B. R. H. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThree dogs with neurological signs were found to have functional pancreatic islet β‐cell carcinomas. The clinical picture was different in each case but all dogs were shown to have episodes of hypoglycaemia with concurrent inappropriate hyperinsulinism. The pathological and ultra‐structural features of the neoplasms, with the exception of one which contained large amounts of amyloid, were as described in previous accounts. The results of attempted cytotoxic therapy in one of the dogs are described.
Temporomandibular joint dysplasia in an Irish Setter
Authors: JOHNSON K. A. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTDysplasia of the temporomandibular joints was diagnosed in an Irish Setter. The condyloid process was mis‐shapen and the glenoid fossa flattened, which allowed subluxation of the temporomandibular joints with recurrent locking of the coronoid process on the zygomatic arch with the mouth open. Permanent relief from open mouth jaw locking was given by partial zygomatic arch ostectomy.
Serial percutaneous testicular biopsy in the Beagle dog
Authors: JAMES R. W. , HEYWOOD R. , FOWLER D. J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe effects of serial percutaneous testicular biopsy on testicular size, semen characteristics and plasma testosterone have been assessed. Testicular atrophy occurred in one dog after the first biopsy, but apparently there were no permanent deleterious effects on semen characteristics or testosterone concentrations. The histological changes 72 hours and 14 days after bilateral testicular biopsy were examined in one dog. Initial haemorrhage and necrosis with subsequent fibrosis and atrophy occurred at the biopsy site. The surrounding tissue remained normal in appearance. The technique may be worthwhile for establishing diagnostic criteria in cases of male canine infertility. Not enough tubules are obtained in circular cross‐section to allow detailed histomorphometric analysis of spermatogenesis under laboratory conditions.
The haemogram of dogs with intestinal parasites in Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: SAROR D. I. , Van VEEN T. W. SCHILLHORN , ADEYANJU J. B. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTSOne hundred and fifty‐four dogs brought to the Ahmadu Bello University Veterinary Clinic for routine examination, in which an eosinophil count of 8% or higher was observed on laboratory examination, were found to be infested with one or more types of intestinal parasites. These included hookworms, tapeworms, coccidia, ascarids and spirocerca, with hookworms accounting for 51% of parasites found. Although dogs of all ages were affected, a higher incidence was observed in those under 2 years. The clinical and public health significance of these findings are emphasized.
Collie eye anomaly in the Shetland Sheepdog in The Netherlands
Authors: BARNETT K. C. , STADES F. C. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe eyes of a group of Shelties and Collies were examined for Collie Eye Anomaly and Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and any other eye abnormality noted. The incidence of CEA in 120 Shetland Sheepdogs was over 48%. There were no cases of PRA. Other abnormalities noted were distichiasis, hyaloid artery remnants, corneal lipidosis, persistent pupillary membranes, cataract and various retinopathies.One group of an old type of Shetland Sheepdog, inbred for several generations, showed no signs of CEA. The significance of this finding is discussed.
The use of sagittal diameter measurement in the diagnosis of cervical spinal stenosis
Authors: WRIGHT JAYNE A. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTCervical vertebral sagittal diameter measurements were made on radiographs of a series of dogs of different breeds which were treated for conditions unrelated to the spine. These values were added to those previously recorded (Wright, 1977) and a normal range was established for four breeds. Similar figures were also recorded from dogs exhibiting clinical signs of cervical spinal stenosis and the majority fell outside this normal range. The usefulness of this measurement as an aid to the diagnosis of cervical spinal stenosis is discussed.
Canine mammary cancer
Authors: MISDORP W. , HART A. A. M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTFrom a follow‐up study of dogs surgically treated for mammary cancer the associations of fourteen tumour and host characteristics with prognosis were analyzed. Size, mode of growth, type of tumour and histological grade of malignancy were found to be associated with prognosis. Localization, type of surgical treatment, growth in lymph vessels, involvement of regional lymph nodes and delay were found not to be associated with prognosis.The results of the present study are compared with those in the literature, particularly with Bostock's study.
The clinical and radiological features associated with spinal tumours in thirty dogs
Authors: WRIGHT JAYNE A. , BELL D. A. , CLAYTON‐JONES D. G. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical, neurological and radiographic features of thirty dogs with spinal tumours are described. Twenty were investigated at post mortem, and of these, eleven had primary nerve tissue tumours, four primary vertebral tumours, and in the remaining five the spinal involvement was secondary from neoplasms elsewhere in the body.
Imperforate and micro‐lachrymal puncta in the dog
Authors: BARNETT K. C. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTImperforate and micro‐lachrymal puncta are reported in detail in the dog. The main breeds affected are the Golden Retriever and Cocker Spaniel. Diagnosis and surgical treatment are discussed. The condition is considered to be more common than is realized.
Occurrence of mammary neoplasms in bitches in relation to breed, age, tumour type, and geographical region from which reported
Authors: PRIESTER W. A. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTOf 2075 mammary neoplasms in bitches reported by 14 veterinary schools in the United States and Canada, 1187 were histologically malignant, 557 were benign, and 331 were in the ‘malignancy not determined’ category. There were 12 breeds at significantly high risk for one or more of the major mammary tumour types; 7 of the 12 were hunting breeds. Mixed breeds were at low risk for all tumour types and categories, and collies were at low risk for benign neoplasms. Neutered bitches were only one‐third as likely to have neoplasms as were entire bitches. There was no clear difference in distribution of the various tumour types in relation to age at first diagnosis. Among the four geographical regions studied separately, there were more similarities than differences in the rates of mammary neoplasms, especially when adenocarcinomas and malignant mixed mammary tumours were combined for analyses. There was, however, a marked excess of benign neoplasms in the south and west of North America.
Corneal pannus (chronic superficial keratitis) in the German Shepherd Dog
Authors: BEDFORD P. G. C. , LONGSTAFFE J. A. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical features, histopathology and treatment of corneal pannus (chronic superficial keratitis) in a series of eighty‐four German Shepherd Dogs are reported. The aetiology of the condition and its therapeutic management are discussed in the light of these findings.
The potential role of Syrian hamsters and other small animals as reservoirs of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Authors: SKINNER H. H. , KNIGHT E. H. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe history of human infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is briefly reviewed, with special reference to those of recent years associated with pet Syrian hamsters. Many human infections have been too trivial to have come to the attention of a physician but others have required long periods of convalescence. There is also evidence that foetal damage has arisen from infection during pregnancy.The virus is perpetuated by vertical transmission in those colonies of wild house mice which are tolerantly infected. These mice excrete the virus throughout life at a high titre in urine and saliva. Experimental evidence is presented which demonstrates the transfer of infection from such mice to Syrian hamsters when natural conditions are simulated. Hamsters infected before weaning may appear healthy while excreting the virus at a high titre for several months, during which they are a serious health hazard to their owners. This secondary reservoir of the virus brings the source of infection one step nearer to the veterinarian in practice, and to his clients, and he will be in a key position to inform or assist his medical colleagues if this hazard is suspected.
Whole blood glucose determination in dogs using dextrostix and the eyetone reflectance colorimeter
Authors: CHURCH D. B. , WATSON A. D. J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTBlood samples were collected from crossbred dogs rendered transiently hypoglucosaemic or hyperglucosaemic by intravenous injection of tolbutamide or dextrose. Whole blood glucose levels determined with ‘Dextrostix’ and an ‘Eyetone’ reflectance colorimeter were compared with plasma glucose levels measured by the hexokinase and ortho‐toluidine methods.The Dextrostix‐Eyetone method gave results which correlated well with those obtained by the other two techniques, and the degree of precision attained was judged satisfactory for clinical purposes. The Dextrostix‐Eyetone system also has several practical advantages for veterinary clinicians.
Radiology of deciduous teeth resorption and definitive teeth eruption in the dog
Authors: HOOFT J. , MATTHEEUWS D. , VAN BREE P. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe formation of the crown of definitive teeth, the development of the definitive roots with the accompanying resorption of the deciduous roots, and the eruption of the definitive teeth, were individually analysed in 18 Dachshunds.Weekly radiographs were made from all dogs between the sixth and twentieth weeks of life, using techniques applied in the human dental clinic. From this data a table has been drawn representing the radiological evolution of the entire dentition in young Dachshunds.
Ileal polyps in Siamese cats
Authors: ORR C. M. , GRUFFYDD‐JONES T. J. , KELLY D. F. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTIntestinal obstruction occurred in a 2‐year‐old Siamese cat with a mucosal polyp in the lower ileum. A daughter of this cat also developed an intestinal obstruction at 21/2 years of age; a similar lesion was found on her ileum. The cause of these polyps is not known, but the familial occurrence in young animals suggests an hereditary influence.
Preliminary investigations of the effects of injury on the body fluids of cats and dogs
Authors: HALL L. W. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTWater, sodium, potassium and nitrogen balances were determined in two dogs and two young kittens suffering from fractures and in two bitches subjected to ovarohysterectomy. Water retention was demonstrated after the initial trauma and after operation but no evidence of sodium retention was obtained. All except one of the fracture cases maintained positive nitrogen balance and, except in this one dog, the potassium and nitrogen balances ran in parallel. It is suggested that the practice of giving intravenous fluids during operation as a routine may be biologically unsound and requires careful control. No special care appeared to be needed in the administration of limited amounts of sodium to surgical cases.
The incidence of thoracic trauma in dogs with skeletal injury
Authors: SELCER B. A. , BUTTRICK MARTHA , BARSTAD ROBERT , RIEDESEL DEAN 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTOne hundred dogs with skeletal injury were evaluated for co‐existing thoracic abnormalities. Parameters used to assess thoracic trauma were physical examination, thoracic radiographs, electrocardiograms and arterial blood gas PaO2. Thoracic abnormalities were found in 57 per cent of the dogs. Within this group, 77 per cent had abnormal thoracic radiographs, 44 per cent had abnormal low PaO2, and 30 per cent had cardiac arrhythmias. No clinical signs suggestive of thoracic injury were found on physical examination in 79 per cent of the dogs with thoracic lesions.
Tracheal rupture in a dog
Authors: KELLAGHER R. E. B. , WHITE R. A. S. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTA two‐year‐old male Retriever‐crossbred dog was presented with progressive subcutaneous emphysema and pronounced dyspnoea following a cervical impact injury sustained ten days previously. Radiography revealed an almost complete transection of the cervical trachea and an associated pneumomediastinum and unilateral pneumothorax. The damaged tracheal segment was resected and anastomosis performed following drainage of the pneumothorax. The dog made an uneventful recovery with no evidence of stenosis detectable at the site of the repair six months post‐operatively.
Congenital biliary atresia in a cat: a case report
Authors: HAMPSON E. C. G. M. , FILIPPICH L. J. , KELLY W. R. , EVANS K. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTA case of congenital biliary atresia in a six‐month‐old cat is presented. The cat had recurrent bouts of depression, anorexia, vomiting and pyrexia, since it was acquired as a three‐month‐old kitten. Physical examination showed the cat to be jaundiced. Abdominal palpation revealed several smooth, round masses, confluent with the liver in the right cranial quadrant. A tentative diagnosis of congenital biliary atresia was made based on history, clinical and laboratory examination and radiography. This was confirmed at necropsy.
The diagnosis of bladder disease in dogs by cystoscopy
Authors: BREARLEY M. J. , COOPER J. E. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTCystoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of urological problems in man. Until recently its use in dogs was limited to rigid endoscopy in the bitch. With modern flexible fibre‐optic instruments the majority of male dogs can also be examined without the need for surgical intervention. This paper describes the techniques used and the cystoscopic findings in a series of 38 clinical cases. In 24 of these, abnormal findings were present permitting a diagnosis to be made or confirmed. The potential for this technique as a diagnostic procedure is discussed.
The clinical diagnosis and management of rectal and pararectal tumours in the dog
Authors: WHITE R. A. S. , GORMAN N. T. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTForty‐two dogs bearing tumours of the rectum or the pararectal tissues were examined over a 3 year period. The presenting clinical signs, diagnostic techniques and management are described. The prognosis was found to be guarded irrespective of the histological type. The mean survival times for malignant epithelial tumours of the rectal wall was 6–9 months, for rectal lymphomas 6‐5 months and for pararectal tumours 10‐6 months. The major limiting factor was found to be local recurrence after surgery for rectal epithelial tumours, resistance to chemotherapy and local recurrence for rectal lymphomas and metastatic disease for pararectal tumours.
Endocarditis in two dogs caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Authors: ERIKSEN K. , FOSSUM K. , GAMLEM H. , GRØNDALEN J. , KUCSERA G. , ULSTEIN T. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from the blood and aortic semilunar valves of two dogs. The clinical, laboratory and patho‐anatomical findings were similar to those found in endocarditis caused by other bacteria. The pathogenicity of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is discussed.
Cardiac measurements on thoracic radiographs of cats
Authors: BROEK A. H. M. VAN DEN , DARKE P. G. G. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTMeasurements of the heart and thorax were made on lateral and ventrodorsal thoracic radiographs of normal cats. The degree of correlation between selected cardiac and thoracic measurements was determined. Absolute measurements and ratios of measurements in normal cats and in cats with certain cardiac diseases were compared and their diagnostic value was evaluated. It was concluded that on the lateral thoracic radiograph the ratio of the cranio‐caudal width of the heart to the distance between the cranial border of the fifth rib and the caudal border of the seventh rib was a highly reliable indicator of cardiac enlargement. On the ventro‐dorsal radiograph the ratio of the maxium width of heart to the width of the thorax at the same level was the best indicator of increases in cardiac size.
Diagnosis and treatment of occult dirofilariasis in an imported dog
Authors: MATIĆ S. E. , HERRTAGE M. E. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTHeartworm disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis is described in a 4‐year‐old Labrador Retriever bitch imported to Britain from Florida, USA. This is the first recorded case of the occult form of the disease occurring in the UK. The clinical signs included chronic coughing, decreased exercise tolerance and haemoptysis. Although there was a marked eosinophilia, basophilia and hyperglobulinaemia, plain radiography and angiocardiography were required to confirm the diagnosis. The successful treatment is described and progress monitored over a two‐and‐a‐half‐year period. With the increased global movement of dogs, exotic diseases require more consideration in differential diagnosis. The importance of maintaining preventative treatment during the quarantine period is emphasized.
Atracurium infusion in the dog
Authors: JONES R. S. , BREARLEY J. C. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe non‐depolarizing muscle relaxant atracurium was administered to 25 dogs undergoing a variety of surgical procedures under general anaesthesia. An initial dose of 0–5 mg/kg was administered and when the block began to wear off an infusion was begun. A dose of 0–5 mg/kg/hr was administered by a simple infusion technique. Reversal of the neuromuscular block was carried out with either neostigmine or edrophonium preceded by atropine.
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (phospholipoproteinosis) in a dog
Authors: JEFFERIES A. R. , DUNN J. K. , DENNIS R. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper presents clinical, radiographic and pathological appearances in a case of pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis in a one‐year‐old Cocker Spaniel. This condition, well recognized in man appears not to have been reported previously as a spontaneous disease in the dog.The main features were insidious decreased exercise tolerance and increasing respiratory embarrassment. Radiographic lung changes were associated with filling of pulmonary alveoli with PAS‐positive lipoproteina‐ceous material. Inflammatory changes were minimal. The alveolar material consisted of excessive amounts of a substance that resembled surfactant.
Uterine drainage in the bitch for treatment of pyometra refractory to prostaglandin F2α
Authors: LAGERSTEDT A‐S. , OBEL N. , STAVENBORN M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTUterine drainage was performed in three bitches with pyometra which had been treated unsuccessfully with PGF2α. All of the bitches became clinically normal and one of them was mated and gave birth to live puppies. The mode of action of uterine drainage is discussed. Possible advantages of a combination of drainage and prostaglandin treatment are also considered.
Molecular subtyping of feline immunodeficiency virus from cats in Melbourne
Authors: Iwata D , Holloway SA 
Published: September 2008

Objective  To determine the subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) present in the domestic cat population in Melbourne.Methods  Blood samples were collected from 42 cats that had serum antibodies against FIV. DNA was extracted and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify variable regions of the envelope (env) and group specific antigen (gag) genes of FIV. PCR products were directly sequenced or sequenced after cloning when direct sequencing yielded ambiguous results. Phylogenetic analysis was performed and comparisons made with representative sequences of different subtypes.Results  The variable region of the env gene was successfully amplified by PCR from 41 of the 42 cats. All 41 were found to cluster with subtype A env sequences. The variable region of the gag gene was successfully amplified by PCR from all 42 cats. Forty‐one were found to cluster with subtype A gag genes and one was found to cluster with subtype B sequences, suggesting that it may be derived from a recombinant env A/gag B virus.Conclusions  Subtype A is the predominant FIV type in Melbourne, although a subytpe A/B recombinant was identified in the population of FIV positive cats. These results of env gene analysis were similar to those in a previous Australian study, suggesting that subtype A predominates in Australia. The results of the gag gene analysis show the importance of analysing multiple areas of the FIV genome when assigning FIV subtypes. Comparison with other major urban centres may provide useful information about the phylogenic diversity of FIV in Australia.
Cardiac troponin I is elevated in dogs and cats with azotaemia renal failure and in dogs with non‐cardiac systemic disease
Authors: Porciello F , Rishniw M , Herndon WE , Birettoni F , Antognoni MT , Simpson KW 
Published: September 2008

Objective To determine if dogs and cats with renal failure, or other severe non‐cardiac disease, and no antemortem evidence of cardiac disease on basic clinical evaluation, have elevated levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI).Design Cross‐sectional study using 56 dogs and 14 cats with primary non‐cardiac disease (39 dogs with azotaemic renal failure, 14 cats with azotaemic renal failure, 17 dogs with non‐cardiac systemic disease); 7/25 dogs and 6/14 cats had murmurs detected on physical examination. Serum or heparinised plasma was collected and analysed for cTnI.Results Cardiac troponin I concentrations were elevated above reference intervals in 70% of dogs and 70% of cats with azotaemic renal failure and in 70% of dogs with a variety of systemic non‐cardiac diseases. Cardiac troponin I concentrations did not correlate with the degree of azotaemia, presence of murmurs, hypertension or type of non‐cardiac illness.Conclusions Cardiac troponin I concentration is often elevated in dogs and cats with azotaemic renal failure and in dogs with other systemic non‐cardiac illness, suggesting that these conditions often result in clinically inapparent myocardial injury or possibly altered elimination of cTnI.
The classification and diagnosis of erythrocytosis
Authors: McMULLIN M. F. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryAn absolute erythrocytosis is present when the red cell mass is raised and the haematocrit is elevated above prescribed limits. Causes of an absolute erythrocytosis can be primary where there is an intrinsic problem in the bone marrow and secondary where there an event outside the bone marrow driving erythropoiesis. This can further be divided into congenital and acquired causes. There remain an unexplained group idiopathic erythrocytosis. Investigation commencing with thorough history taking and examination and then investigation depending on initial features is required. Clear simple criteria for polycythaemia vera are now defined. Those who do not fulfil these criteria require further investigation depending on the clinical scenario and initial results. The erythropoietin level provides some guidance as to the direction in which to proceed and the order and extent of investigation necessary in an individual patient. It should thus be possible to make an accurate diagnosis in the majority of patients.