bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective deflection control method in optical packet switching networks with shared buffers
Authors: Kawanabe Kazuki , Takahashi Tatsuro 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDeflection routing is considered as a method to avoid packet collisions in an optical packet switching system. Deflection routing is a method of avoiding collision by link substitution, in which the colliding packet is sent to an idle link. Thus, the load on the congested part of the network is distributed and the bandwidth can be utilized effectively. When excessively frequent deflections are performed, however, the load on the whole network is increased, which produces an adverse effect. Another problem is that sequence errors can occur in the same flow due to differences of transmission delay, since packets are sent to different routes. From these points of view, this paper proposes a deflection control method which can remedy the above problems, and applies the proposed method to an optical packet switching system. In the proposed control method, class separation is performed with respect to sequence error, and deflection is permitted to packets of nonpriority class. This improves performance by large‐scale grouping. In order to alleviate the increase in load on the whole network, a control algorithm which can deal with changes of the link utilization and the number of traversed hops is devised. The effectiveness of the approach is shown by computer simulation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(9): 67– 77, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20312
Content protection in adaptive content delivery
Authors: Fujimoto Hiroshi , Suzuki Takashi , Nakayama Takehiro , Takeshita Atushi , Ramzan Zulfikar , Gentry Craig , Jain Ravi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper considers environment‐adaptive content delivery in which an intermediary modifies the content between the content provider and the content user, and proposes a system in which the provider can securely control content modification by the intermediary in accordance with usage rules defined in the content. In order to have the intermediary follow the usage rules strictly, it is indispensable to provide a content protection technique in which tampering with content or usage rules by a third party is prevented while permitting content modification by intermediaries approved by the provider within the scope of the usage rules. The authors consider the hash‐tree signature method in which data deletion by the intermediary is permitted, and propose a signature system with a place holder extension permitting data addition. A highly efficient realization of the proposed signature system based on the hash‐sign‐switch (HSS) method is presented. The effectiveness of the approach is shown by a quantitative evaluation using the implemented system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(9): 54–66, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20341
Design of rotational dielectric dome with linear array feed for wide‐angle multibeam antenna applications
Authors: Kawahara Hiroyuki , Deguchi Hiroyuki , Tsuji Mikio , Shigesawa Hiroshi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for design of the shape and thickness of a dielectric dome by optimization, aiming at achieving multibeam emission with a uniform high gain for a wide range of angles. The dielectric dome has the features that it does not require a tremendous number of elements, as in the constrained lens, and that excellent multibeam characteristics can be realized over a wider range of angles than in the conventional dielectric lens. These features are demonstrated through an example of the design of a dielectric dome in which a decrease in gain is avoided over a wide range of angles up to 70°. The validity of the proposed method is verified by numerical analysis, and also by measurement and evaluation of the radiation pattern of the constructed dielectric dome antenna in the Ka band. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(5): 49– 57, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20254
All polarization‐maintaining type Yb mode‐locked fiber laser with photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Sumimura Kazuhiko , Yoshida Hidetsugu , Tanaka Kazuhiro , Okada Hajime , Fujita Hisanori , Nakatsuka Masahiro , Sawada Hisashi , Yoshida Minoru 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe have demonstrated a polarization‐maintaining (PM) Yb mode‐lock highly stable fiber laser with high beam quality. The characteristics of side‐hole type PM Yb‐doped fiber (YDF) were examined. The splicing connection between PM‐YDF and PANDA fiber was optimized. We optimized the laser oscillation output and improved the efficiency of the fiber length in the Fabry‐Perot cavity. We demonstrated an all PM single‐mode fiber ring cavity. Mode‐locking was produced by inserting a semiconductor saturable absorption mirror (SESAM). A PM photonic crystal fiber (PCF) was used for dispersion compensation in the cavity. Stable mode‐lock operation with 500‐ps pulses at 7.2 MHz was observed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(5): 27–32, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20326
Approximate analytical solutions for nonlinear photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Kirihara Takahito , Fujisawa Takeshi , Saitoh Kunimasa , Koshiba Masanori 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes an analytical approximation theory for evaluation of the transmission characteristics of a nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. A photonic crystal fiber with a complex cross‐sectional structure is replaced equivalently with a conventional step‐index fiber so that an analytical approximation theory developed for the conventional nonlinear optical fiber can be applied directly to the nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. In order to derive an effective index of refraction of the clad region of the photonic crystal fiber with holes, an empirical formula for the normalized frequency of the photonic crystal fiber proposed recently is introduced. Hence, the fundamental quantities describing the transmission characteristics of the nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, specifically the effective index of refraction and the effective core cross section, can easily be derived without numerical calculations. By using the proposed method, the optical power dependence of the transmission characteristics of the nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is analyzed. Validity of the proposed method is verified by comparison of the results with those by calculations based on the full‐vectorial finite element method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(5): 19– 26, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20327
Synthesis and Secondary Structure of Alternate α,β‐Hybrid Peptides Containing Oxazolidin‐2‐one Moieties
Authors: Angelici Gaetano , Luppi Gianlugi , Kaptein Bernard , Broxterman Quirinus B. , Hofmann Hans‐Jörg , Tomasini Claudia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and conformational analysis of a novel class of foldamers containing (S)‐β3‐homophenylglycine [(S)‐β3‐hPhg] and D‐4‐carboxy‐oxazolidin‐2‐one (D‐Oxd) residues in alternate order is reported. The experimental conformational analysis performed in solution by IR, 1H NMR, and CD spectroscopy unambiguously proved that these oligomers fold into ordered structures with increasing sequence length. Theoretical calculations employing ab initio MO theory suggest a helix with 11‐membered hydrogen‐bonded rings as the preferred secondary structure type. The few formal helix alternatives can be excluded in particular by steric effects of the oxazolidin‐2‐one rings. The novel structures enrich the field of peptidic foldamers and might be useful in the mimicry of native peptides. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
CEC and EKC of natural compounds
Authors: Scherz Heimo , Huck Christian W. , Bonn Günther K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this review, an overview of CEC and EKC methods with their developments are summarized for different natural compounds. It is divided into three main parts. The first part elaborates the separation of lipophilic compounds without any charged groups. The second part constitutes CEC and EKC of lipophilic compounds containing ionizable functional groups whereas the third part contains hydrophilic compounds. Packed, monolithic, coated, or raw fused‐silica (FS) capillaries are among the choice for stationary phases. Applications of these phases on the above‐mentioned three classes of compounds, coupled with different detection methods, e.g. MS or LIF, are explored and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Tris interference in IEF and 2‐DE
Authors: Smejkal Gary B. , Robinson Myra H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWhen dried IPGs are hydrated with protein solutions, the concentration of protein and other ionic constituents is constant throughout the strip. Tris, initially present at a very low concentration, focuses during IEF and accumulates in the gradient at a pH corresponding to its pKa at the operative temperature of electrophoresis. Tris focuses more rapidly than many basic proteins, and concentrates into a localized zone of increased conductivity which coincides with a precipitous voltage drop in that vicinity. Basic proteins, already near their pI, are frequently observed to align at the periphery of this zone. Acidic proteins imbibed at the basic end of the gradient must traverse this region before this ionic boundary is formed, or otherwise may fail to migrate to their proper positions in the pH gradient.
Determination of neurotransmitters in PC 12 cells by microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection
Authors: Shi Baoxian , Huang Weihua , Cheng Jieke 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA sensitive fluorescence detection system with an Hg‐lamp as the excitation source and a photon counter as the detector for microchip CE (MCE) has been developed. O‐Phthaldialdehyde (OPA, λex = 340 nm) was employed to label the catecholamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and amino acid neurotransmitters including alanine (Ala), taurine (Tau), glycine (Gly), glutamic acid (Glu), and aspartic acid (Asp). The separation of seven derivatized neurotransmitters was successfully performed in MCE and the detection limits (S/N = 3) for DA, NE, Ala, Tau, Gly, Glu, and Asp were 0.85, 0.49, 0.23, 0.15, 0.13, 0.18, and 0.29 fmol, respectively. The system was then successfully applied for separation and determination of neurotransmitters in rat pheochromocytoma (PC 12) cells, and the average amounts of analyte per cell from a cell population were 2.5 fmol for DA, 3.3 fmol for Ala, 8.2 fmol for Tau, 4.0 fmol for Gly, and 1.9 fmol for Glu, respectively. By single‐cell injection mode, electrophoresis separation and quantitative measurement of Glu in individual PC 12 cells was obtained. The average value of Glu per cell from single PC 12 cells analysis was found to be 3.5 ± 3.1 fmol.
Access to Paullone Analogues by Intramolecular Heck Reaction
Authors: Joucla Lionel , Popowycz Florence , Lozach Olivier , Meijer Laurent , Joseph Benoît 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe syntheses of paullone (1a) and three paullone derivatives, including a sulfur analogue (2a), a tricyclic derivative (2b), and a ring‐enlarged variant (2c), are described, Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular Heck reaction being the key step. The kinase‐inhibitory properties of the novel paullone analogues were investigated.
Internal gravity wave resonance of thermal convection fields in rectangular cavities with heat‐flux vibration (effects of aspect ratio on the fields)
Authors: Matsumura Shota , Ishida Hideshi , Momose Kazunari , Kawahara Genta 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper the thermal convection field and its resonance phenomena in a rectangular cavity with heat‐flux vibration are numerically examined and the results are compared with those of a square cavity. As in the case of α=1, the critical angular velocity at which the relative amplitude of the midplane Nusselt number αm has a local maximum agrees very well with the resonance angular velocity of the internal gravity wave ωr, estimated by the theoretical equation proposed by Thorpe, even when the aspect ratio is α=5 and the Prandtl number is Pr=0.71 for a range of the Rayleigh number Ra. However, αm has two local maxima for a larger Ra, which is peculiar to the case of larger α. The time variation of sub‐components of the fluctuating component of the midplane Nusselt number shows that the phase at the maximum value of αm agrees well with that of the sub‐component of velocity for the first resonance angular velocity ωr. For the other angular velocity ωr2, the phase of αm agrees with that of the sub‐component of temperature. Moreover, we found that the boundary angular velocity ω0 between the first two of the five ω regions, which classify the thermal convection fields against ω, can be expressed by a function of α, Ra, and Pr and that αm is independent of α and Ra for a relatively wide range of ω/ω0. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(3): 158– 171, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20149
Long‐term population‐based marriage rates among adult survivors of childhood cancer in Britain
Authors: Frobisher Clare , Lancashire Emma R. , Winter David L. , Jenkinson Helen C. , Hawkins Michael M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to assess the number of adult survivors of childhood cancer who ever married and the factors influencing marriage, compare observed marriages to those expected from the general population, and assess age at marriage and influencing factors. The data is based on the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (BCCSS), which is a population‐based cohort of 18,119 individuals who were diagnosed with childhood cancer between 1940 and 91 and survived at least 5 years. Fourteen thousand five hundred thirty‐nine were alive, aged at least 16 years and eligible to receive a postal questionnaire, which ascertained marriage status. Thirty‐four percent of 9,954 survivors had married. Survivors with the following characteristics: males, CNS neoplasm, received radiotherapy, diagnosed with mental retardation, registered blind, low social functioning score (calculated from SF‐36 health status measure), and achieved the highest level of educational attainment, were less likely to have married than the complementary survivor groups. The deficits in the proportion ever married compared to the general population were mostly between 9 and 18% among males and 7–10% among females. The largest ever married deficits were among male CNS neoplasm survivors aged 30 years or over (29–38%). Age at first marriage among survivors was related to: sex, childhood cancer type, age at diagnosis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, mental retardation, and level of educational attainment. Regular follow‐up for these survivors should address not just physical late‐effects of the childhood cancer and treatment, but also psychosocial needs throughout the lifespan of the survivors to help them achieve life events as they occur in the general population. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The interrelated dynamics of unemployment and low‐wage employment
Authors: Stewart Mark B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the extent of state dependence in unemployment and the role played in this by intervening low‐wage employment. A range of dynamic random and fixed‐effects estimators are compared. Low‐wage employment is found to have almost as large an adverse effect as unemployment on future prospects and the difference in their effects is found to be insignificant. Evidence is presented that low‐wage jobs act as the main conduit for repeat unemployment and considerably increases its probability. Obtaining a higher‐wage job reduces the increased risk of repeat unemployment to insignificance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mineralization of radiation‐crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone hydrogels
Authors: Zainuddin  , Hill David J.T. , Whittaker Andrew K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA study of the calcification of the polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVA/PVP) hydrogels during their exposure to a calcium chloride solution or a simulated body fluid has been carried out. On the basis of the experiments, using a two‐compartment permeation cell, the diffusion of calcium ions and their subsequent deposition in the hydrogels were elucidated. Steady‐batch experiments were also performed to further elaborate the deposition pattern and the types of calcium deposits. It was demonstrated that Fick's second law of diffusion can describe the diffusion of calcium ions through PVA/PVP hydrogels at 310 K. The diffusion coefficient was determined to be (4.4 ± 0.1) × 10−10 m2/s and the partition coefficient for the hydrogels was 0.06. Formation of calcium deposits was noticed taking place both on the surface and inside the hydrogels. The deposits formed on the surface have flake morphology, while the deposits inside the hydrogels are more like globular aggregates. Both types of deposits have been characterized as being comprised calcium and hydroxyl ion deficient apatites with chloride ions the most likely substituting species at the hydroxyl sites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Substance P augments PGE2 and IL‐6 production in titanium particles‐stimulated fibroblasts from hip periprosthetic membrane
Authors: Qian Yebin , Zeng Bing‐Fang , Zhang Xian‐long , Jiang Yao 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAseptic loosening remains the primary cause of failure in total joint arthroplasty. Implant‐derived particles are thought to be a main cause of osteolysis that leads to failure of total joint arthroplasty. The nervous system has been implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of joint diseases. Substance P (SP) immunoreactive nerve fibers have been detected in the pseudomembrane and pseudocapsular tissues of aseptic loose hip prostheses, suggesting that SP might be involved in the process of aseptic loosening. Fibroblasts are abundant in periprosthetic membrane. Neuropeptides are able to modulate cytokine production by fibroblasts. In this study, we isolated fibroblasts from periprosthetic membrane at the time of revision hip arthroplasty performed because of aseptic loosening. Fibroblasts were stimulated with titanium (Ti) particles or SP. Prostaglandin (PG) E2 and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) assays were performed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit. PGE2 and IL‐6 secretion by fibroblasts have been significantly increased in the presence of Ti particles or SP. Moreover SP caused significant increase in PGE2 and IL‐6 production by Ti particles‐stimulated fibroblasts. Thus, SP and Ti particles acted synergistically to increase PGE2 and IL‐6 secretion in fibroblasts from periprosthetic membrane. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Theoretical study of the interaction between sodium ion and a cyclopeptidic tubular structure
Authors: Ferrante Francesco , Manna Gianfranco La 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDFT calculations have been carried out to describe the pathway of a sodium ion along the stacking direction of a tubular structure set up by five cyclopeptidic units, which can be considered a suitable model of a hollow tubular structure of indefinite length. A lattice of points inside the tubular structure is defined and the DFT interaction energy values with a sodium ion are obtained. The data allow predicting a zigzag path of the ion inside the hosting structure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
Common system setup for the entire catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450cam in quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical studies
Authors: Zheng Jingjing , Altun Ahmet , Thiel Walter 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe describe a system setup that is applicable to all species in the catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450cam. The chosen procedure starts from the X‐ray coordinates of the ferrous dioxygen complex and follows a protocol that includes the careful assignment of protonation states, comparison between different conceivable hydration schemes, and system preparation through a series of classical minimizations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The resulting setup was validated by quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations on the resting state, the pentacoordinated ferric and ferrous complexes, Compound I, the transition state and hydroxo intermediate of the CH hydroxylation reaction, and the product complex. The present QM/MM results are generally consistent with those obtained previously with individual setups. Concerning hydration, we find that saturating the protein interior with water is detrimental and leads to higher structural flexibility and catalytically inefficient active‐site geometries. The MD simulations favor a low water density around Asp251 that facilitates side chain rotation of protonated Asp251 during the conversion of Compound 0 to Compound I. The QM/MM results for the two preferred hydration schemes (labeled SE‐1 and SE‐4) are similar, indicating that slight differences in the solvation close to the active site are not critical as long as camphor and the crystallographic water molecules preserve their positions in the experimental X‐ray structures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
Coarse‐graining: A procedure to generate equilibrated and relaxed models of amorphous polymers
Authors: Curcó David , Alemán Carlos 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe present a coarse‐graining procedure to construct models of amorphous polymers. The method, which was applied to polyethylene, is based on a generation–relaxation strategy previously developed to provide independent atomistic microstructures. The coarse‐graining was performed by assigning positions to mesoscopic particles denoted blobs, which represent groups of atoms, through distance, angle and dihedral distribution functions. The interaction energy between pairs of blobs was evaluated through a soft potential, whose parameters were derived from atomistic models. Three levels of coarse‐graining that differ in the number of atoms included in the blob have been considered. The structural and energy‐related properties calculated using the coarse‐grained models developed in this study are in good agreement with those obtained using atomistic simulations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
New parallel algorithm for MP2 energy gradient calculations
Authors: Ishimura Kazuya , Pulay Peter , Nagase Shigeru 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new parallel algorithm has been developed for calculating the analytic energy derivatives of full accuracy second order Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). Its main projected application is the optimization of geometries of large molecules, in which noncovalent interactions play a significant role. The algorithm is based on the two‐step MP2 energy calculation algorithm developed recently and implemented into the quantum chemistry program, GAMESS. Timings are presented for test calculations on taxol (C47H51NO14) with the 6‐31G and 6‐31G(d) basis sets (660 and 1032 basis functions, 328 correlated electrons) and luciferin (C11H8N2O3S2) with aug‐cc‐pVDZ and aug‐cc‐pVTZ (530 and 1198 basis functions, 92 correlated electrons). The taxol 6‐31G(d) calculations are also performed with up to 80 CPU cores. The results demonstrate the high parallel efficiency of the program. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007