bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Seminal Plasma Protein on Postthaw Viability and Fertility of Arctic Char Spermatozoa
Authors: Mansour Nabil , Richardson Gavin F , McNiven Mary A 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Seminal plasma protein of Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus was characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. Twelve protein bands with molecular weights of 7.2, 12.4, 15.3, 20.0, 20.4, 22.6, 39.4, 66.3, 74.0, 92.0, 94.5, and 130.1 kilodaltons (kDa) were detected. The effect of total seminal plasma protein and protein fractions of three categories (&lt;50, 50–100, and &gt;100 kDa) on postthaw sperm motility, viability, and fertility was tested. Incorporation of total seminal plasma protein, the fraction greater than 100 kDa, or the fraction less than 50 kDa into the semen extender (300 mmol of glucose/L of water, plus 10% methanol) had a deleterious effect on postthaw sperm motility, viability, and fertility in comparison with spermatozoa frozen in the semen extender only. However, adding the 50-100-kDa fraction of seminal plasma protein to the semen extender did not affect the postthaw sperm motility and fertility relative to spermatozoa frozen in the extender only. Further experiments are needed to test the effect of different concentrations of seminal plasma proteins alone or in a combination with other seminal plasma constituents on sperm physiology and viability during short-term storage and cryopreservation.
Evaluation of Barley Straw and a Commercial Probiotic for Controlling Prymnesium parvum in Fish Production Ponds
Authors: Barkoh Aaron , Paret John M , Lyon Dale D , Begley Drew C , Smith Dennis G , Schlechte J Warren 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Since 2001, the ichthyotoxic microalga Prymnesium parvum has caused major fish kills in 13 U.S. states, including Texas, raising concerns about its impacts on hatchery fish production, sport fisheries, and local economies. We investigated the efficacy of two natural products, barley Hordeum vulgare straw and the probiotic Liquid Live Micro-Organisms (LLMO) System in controlling P. parvum and its ichthyotoxicity. Their effects on factors essential for successful production of fingerling fish (i.e., water quality, nutrient levels, phytoplankton biomass and composition, zooplankton density and composition, and fingerling fish production) were also evaluated. Barley straw and LLMO were individually tested during summer and fall 2004 in hatchery ponds for 140 d (experiment 1). Four ponds were treated with barley straw applied once at the beginning of the study at 252 kg/ha, and four ponds received LLMO at a rate of 1 L/56,718 L of pond water at 2-week intervals throughout the study. Another four ponds were untreated and served as the control. Barley straw was further tested at 280 kg/ha in winter 2005 for 93 d (experiment 2). These barley straw treatment rates were similar to those used in other studies, and the LLMO rate was recommended by the supplier. In both experiments, P. parvum blooms did occur. Neither barley straw nor LLMO had a significant effect on P. parvum density, toxin levels, or ichthyotoxicity at the rates used in this study. Similarly, neither barley straw nor LLMO affected any of the other variables investigated. Our results do not support reports that barley straw and LLMO can control planktonic algae.
Comparison of Production Traits of NWAC103 Channel Catfish, NWAC103 Channel Catfish × Blue Catfish Hybrids, Kansas Select 21 Channel Catfish, and Blue Catfish Grown at Commercial Densities and Exposed to Natural Bacterial Epizootics
Authors: Dunham Rex A , Umali Gloria M , Beam Renee , Kristanto Anang H , Trask Michael 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The NWAC103 strain is an improved channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus that has been widely used in the catfish industry. However, it is not yet known whether the hybrid progeny (hereafter termed 103 hybrids) of male blue catfish I. furcatus and NWAC103 females will exhibit further improvement in growth. Therefore, we compared production attributes among four catfish genotypes that were communally reared in earthen ponds: NWAC103, Kansas Select 21 channel catfish, Rio Grande × D&B-strain blue catfish, and 103 hybrids. Compared with the other genotypes, the 103 hybrids had a higher (P &lt; 0.05) growth rate during the food fish stage, better survival when exposed to natural epizootics of enteric septicemia of catfish, and greater production and survival when exposed to critically low levels of dissolved oxygen. Mean weights at the food fish stage were 639.0 g for 103 hybrids, 569.7 g for NWAC103, 514.7 g for Kansas Select 21, and 394.3 g for blue catfish. Production rates were 8,632 kg/ha for 103 hybrids, 5,205 kg/ha for NWAC103, 6,250 kg/ha for Kansas Select 21, and 4,582 kg/ha for blue catfish. Fingerling survival rates were 100% for 103 hybrids, 25.7% for NWAC103, 43.5% for Kansas Select 21, and 72.9% for blue catfish; food fish survival rates were 88.7, 60.0, 82.7, and 76.3%, respectively. The heterosis for body weight was only 12.2%, but the combination of faster growth and greater survival resulted in 65.8% heterosis for production. Channel catfish that have been genetically improved through selection programs can be used to produce channel × blue catfish hybrids with higher performance than the parental species. The improvement via selection does not limit further enhancement via hybridization.
Parasite Survey of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica in Coastal Lagoons of the Southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Aguirre-Macedo Ma Leopoldina , Simá-Álvarez Raúl A. , Román-Magaṋn María Karla , Güemez-Ricalde Jorge I. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
A parasitological study of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica from 11 coastal lagoons in the southern Gulf of Mexico in dry and rainy seasons between late 1999 and early 2001 revealed the presence of 36 bacterial, 2 protozoan (Nematopsis prytherchi and Perkinsus marinus), and 4 helminth species (Urastoma cyprinae, Proctoeces maculatus, a Bucephalus sp., and a Tylocephalum sp.). The prevalence and mean abundances for the protozoa and helminths varied widely between locations but were generally below 50%. Nematopsis prytherchi and the Tylocephalum sp. were the most prevalent species (values were above 60% in most locations). Perkinsus marinus was present in oysters of eight of the coastal lagoons and had low prevalence (&lt;30%) in almost all samples. All identified protozoa and helminths are widely distributed in the Gulf of Mexico and are common oyster parasites. Only P. marinus and the Bucephalus sp. were associated with damage to host tissues. In addition to these parasites, Rickettsia-like bacteria were found in the digestive gland and gills and viral gametocytic hypertrophy inclusions in the gonads by histological examination.
Genetic Diversity of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus from Feather River and Lake Oroville, California, and Virulence of Selected Isolates for Chinook Salmon and Rainbow Trout
Authors: Bendorf Christin M. , Kelley Garry O. , Yun Susan C. , Kurath Gael , Andree Karl B. , Hedrick Ronald P. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a significant pathogen of young salmonid fishes worldwide but particularly within the historical range of the Pacific Northwest and California. In the Sacramento and San Joaquin River drainages of California, IHNV outbreaks in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha have been observed regularly at large production hatcheries, including Coleman National Fish Hatchery (established in 1941) and Feather River State Fish Hatchery (FRH; established in 1967), since facility operations began. Recent severe epidemics at the FRH in 1998 and 2000–2002 prompted investigations into the characteristics and potential sources of virus at this facility. Both phylogenetic analyses of a variable portion of the glycoprotein gene and serologic comparisons based on neutralization with three polyclonal rabbit sera were used to characterize 82 IHNV isolates from the Feather River watershed between 1969 and 2004. All isolates examined were in the L genogroup and belonged to one of three serologic groups typical of IHNV from California. The IHNV isolates from the Feather River area demonstrated a maximum nucleotide sequence divergence of 4.0%, and new isolates appeared to emerge from previous isolates rather than by the introduction of more diverse subgroups from exogenous sources. The earliest isolates examined from the watershed formed the subgroup LI, which disappeared coincidently with a temporal shift to new genetic and serologic types of the larger subgroup LII. Experimental challenges demonstrated no significant differences in the virulence for juvenile Chinook salmon and rainbow trout O. mykiss from selected isolates representing the principal types of IHNV found historically and from recent epidemics at FRH. While most isolates were equally virulent for both host species, one isolate was found to be more virulent for Chinook salmon than for rainbow trout.
Population and Production Estimates for Decapod Crustaceans in Wetlands of Galveston Bay, Texas
Authors: Minello Thomas J. , Matthews Geoffrey A. , Caldwell Philip A. , Rozas Lawrence P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe value of wetlands is reflected in the relative abundance and production of nekton, but these population variables have been difficult to estimate because of sampling problems, landscape complexity, tidal dynamics, and limited information on growth and mortality. We combined a landscape analysis of land‐water patterns in regularly flooded wetlands of lower Galveston Bay, Texas, with data on small‐scale (1‐50‐m) distribution patterns of nekton over the marsh surface to estimate population abundances of juvenile brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus, white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus, and blue crab Callinectes sapidus. Using information on size frequencies, size‐weight relationships, and growth rates, we estimated the wet biomass and production of these species from salt marshes and open‐water habitats. In 17,673 ha of marsh complex (vegetation with a 150‐m water buffer) in lower Galveston Bay, we estimated the standing crops (number/ha) at 19,382 for brown shrimp, 17,406 for white shrimp, and 16,726 for blue crabs, or 3.0, 2.2, and 4.2 times the standing crop estimates for shallow, open bay water. Annual production from the marsh complex was substantially higher than for open water and was estimated at 128 kg/ha for brown shrimp, 109 kg/ha for white shrimp, and 170 kg/ha for blue crabs.
Identification of Novel Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Chinook Salmon and Variation among Life History Types
Authors: Campbell Nathan R. , Narum Shawn R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are simple base substitutions or small indels in otherwise conserved regions of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA. Assays detecting these genetic markers have been a powerful tool for conserving and managing fish populations. In nonmodel species, however, available DNA sequence data are limited and inventive techniques must be employed in screening for SNPs. In this study, we used expressed sequence tags from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to design primers for amplification of genomic DNA fragments from Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha. The regions flanking the repeat sequence of published microsatellite loci in Chinook salmon were also chosen to examine nucleotide variation. Thirty‐two individuals representing the majority of the species' range from Russia to California were sequenced at 19 loci to identify SNPs. We discovered 58 polymorphisms during the screen and chose 13 for development into 5′ exonuclease assays (TaqMan assays). The genotypes from the TaqMan assays were compared with sequence data from individuals from the ascertainment panel to confirm proper allele designations. To evaluate the power of these markers to differentiate populations and life history types, we typed 91 individuals representing the major lineages of Chinook salmon with 11 validated assays. Significant allele frequency differences were observed among life history types of Chinook salmon at seven SNP loci, demonstrating the power of these markers to differentiate lineages.
Side effects of flux enhancing chemicals in membrane bioreactors (MBRs): study on their biological toxicity and their residual fouling propensity
Authors: Iversen V. , Mohaupt J. , Drews A. , Kraume M. , Lesjean B. 
Published: January 2008

Soluble and colloidal materials like soluble microbial products (SMP) or extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are considered to be major foulants in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Removing these fouling causing substances is thus thought to reduce the fouling of the membrane in general.
In addition to traditional strategies for fouling prevention which mostly try to remedy the effects of fouling by air scour, etc., the new and promising method of adding chemicals is being investigated here. Previous tests with 30 different substances have shown that several of these reduce SMP concentration in the supernatant and enhance filtration. Nevertheless, additive dosing might have unknown side effects in filtration systems. Results presented in this study indicate that these additives may themselves cause severe fouling on different membranes if they remain unbound in the liquid phase. Therefore, the thorough control of the dosing rate of these chemicals will be of paramount importance in full scale applications. Biological toxicity of additives was measured in terms of respiration. OUR tests did not show inhibiting effects for most additives. Chitosan even showed an enhanced OUR due to biodegradability. Oxygen transfer could be enhanced for 25% with the addition of a polymer.
The ecotoxicology of hormonally active micropollutants
Authors: Sumpter John P. 
Published: January 2008

There has been intense research and wide public interest in hormonally active micropollutants present in the aquatic environment for more than a decade. This group of micropollutants contains a large number of structurally diverse chemicals with quite different origins. Some are natural hormones, others pharmaceuticals, both veterinary and human, and yet others are chemicals which are hormonally active by accident, not design. Most of these hormonally active micropollutants enter the aquatic environment in effluent from (STWs). Hence, the highest concentrations of these chemicals will be in rivers heavily impacted by effluent, especially effluent from poorly performing STWs. In some cases river concentrations of a hormonally active micropollutant are well established, but in many cases they are not. It is important to know “real world” concentrations, so that laboratory ecotoxicological studies can be conducted at environmentally relevant concentrations.
Fish, as vertebrates, have endocrine systems very similar to those of mammals. This means that if a micropollutant is hormonally active in a mammal, it is very likely to also be active and cause similar or related effects, in fish. It is currently less clear whether or not these chemically are also hormonally active in invertebrates, whose endocrine systems often differ appreciably from those of vertebrates.
Evaluation of ozone-based treatment processes for wastewater containing microcontaminants using LC-QTRAP-MS and LC-TOF/MS
Authors: Gómez M.J. , Martínez Bueno M.J. , Agüera A. , Hernando M.D. , Fernández-Alba A.R. , Mezcua M. 
Published: January 2008

This article describes the development of an enhanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the analysis of a selected group of 57 organic contaminants in wastewater. This group comprises 39 pharmaceuticals belonging to different therapeutical classes and 10 of their most frequent metabolites. Six pesticides and two disinfectants were also included. The LC-MS method was developed using a hybrid quadrupole/linear ion trap (Q TRAP) analyzer operating in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode (in both positive and negative electrospray ionization) in combination with a time-of flight (TOF) mass analyser. The application of both techniques provided very good results in terms of accurate quantification and unequivocal identification. Quantification was based on the use of a linearly accelerating (LINAC) high-pressure collision cell, which enable the analysis of a high number of compounds with enough acquisition data points for an optimal peak definition in SRM. Unequivocal identification was provided by the acquisition of at least two SRM transitions and by obtaining accurate mass measurements of the identified compounds with errors lower than 2 ppm. As an alternative for compounds where a second transition cannot be detected by Q-Trap-MS, the application of survey scans in enhanced product ion (EPI) was evaluated.
The analytical performance of the method was evaluated in effluent wastewater samples. Linearity of response over three orders of magnitude was demonstrated (R2&gt;0.99 for most compounds). Matrix effects resulting in suppression of the response were frequently observed, between 2–50% for most of compounds, except 4-DAA and 4-AA, which exhibit higher values (68%). Signal enhancement was also detected in 16 compounds. Method limits of detection (LOD) were between 0.1–50 ng L−1. Finally, the methodology was successfully applied to the evaluation of the efficiency of two ozone-based treatments applied to the effluent from the secondary clarifier of a municipal wastewater treatment facility. Preliminary results are presented demonstrating that ozonation of wastewaters degrade pharmaceuticals with a high efficiency. Removals higher than 90% were reached for most of target analytes.
A review of the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Dakwar Elias , Reddy Jaypal , Vale Fernando L. , Uribe Juan S. 
Published: January 2008

✓ Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory rheumatic disease involving primarily the sacroiliac joints and the axial skeleton. The main clinical features are back pain and progressive stiffness of the spine. Oligoarthritis of the hips and shoulders, enthesopathy, and anterior uveitis are common, and involvement of the heart and lungs is rare. The current understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder is limited. Despite the strong association between human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) and susceptibility to AS reported over the past 30 years, the exact pathogenic role of HLA-B27 in AS and other spondyloarthropathies has yet to be determined. The authors present a review of the literature pertaining to the pathogenesis of AS over the past several decades.
Ankylosing spondylitis is a polygenic disorder, with HLA-B27 playing a critical causative role in its pathogenesis. Animal studies of the immunobiology of HLA-B27 have provided significant insight into the pathogenic role of HLA-B27. The search for the antigenic peptide to support the “arthritogenic peptide” hypothesis has been disappointing. Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in the critical role of the misfolding and unfolded protein response of the heavy chain HLA-B27 in the modulation of the inflammatory response. Although there have been significant new findings in the understanding of the pathogenesis of AS, the exact mechanisms have yet to be identified. There is considerable optimism that additional susceptibility genes, predisposing factors, and regulators of the inflammatory process will be identified that will provide avenues for future treatment.
Nonsurgical management of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Sangala Jaypal Reddy , Dakwar Elias , Uribe Juan , Vale Fernando 
Published: January 2008

Object
The aim of this study was to review the current evidence-based nonsurgical management strategies of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) for spine surgeons. Whereas surgical management is indicated in a highly selected group, nonsurgical management is itself a useful measure for nearly all patients with AS.

Methods
The authors conducted a literature review of PubMed using relevant search words. All the articles published in English in the last 15 years were reviewed and the level of evidence provided by them was noted.

Results
Nonpharmacological treatments in the form of physical therapy and patient education have Level Ib evidence in maintaining function in AS. There is Level Ib evidence supporting the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and coxibs for treatment in patients with symptoms. There is not enough evidence to support the use of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatoid arthritis drugs. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α inhibitors (infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab) are associated with Level Ib evidence in improving spinal pain, function, inflammatory biomarkers, and spinal inflammation detected by magnetic resonance imaging in patients in whom symptom duration has exceeded 3 months.

Conclusions
Physical therapy and patient education are useful for all patients diagnosed with AS. If symptomatic, patients are started with either a course of nonselective NSAIDs or a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. The role of NSAIDs as a disease-modifying therapy in the treatment of AS is increasingly being understood. The central role of TNF in the pathogenesis of AS is now known, and the advent of biological treatment in the form of anti–TNFα factors has revolutionized the medical management of AS and is used in patients with axial disease whose symptoms persist despite an adequate dose of NSAIDs.
Effectiveness of preoperative planning in the restoration of balance and view in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Pigge Roy R. , Scheerder Famke J. , Smit Theo H. , Mullender Margriet G. , Van Royen Barend J. 
Published: January 2008

Object
The object of this study was to assess the effectiveness of preoperative planning in the restoration of balance and view angle in patients treated with lumbar osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods
The authors prospectively analyzed 8 patients with a thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity due to AS that was treated using a closing wedge osteotomy (CWO) of the lumbar spine to correct sagittal imbalance and horizontal view. Preoperative planning to predict postoperative balance, defined by the sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and the sacral endplate angle (SEA), and the view angle, defined by the chin-brow to vertical angle (CBVA), was performed using the ASKyphoplan computational program.

Results
All patients were treated with a CWO at level L-4 and improved in balance and view angle. The mean correction angle was 35° (range 24–47°). The postoperative SEA improved from 21 to 36° for a mean correction of 15°. In addition, the SVA and CBVA improved significantly. Note, however, that the postoperative results did not exactly reflect the predicted values of the analyzed parameters.

Conclusions
Preoperative planning for the restoration of balance and view angle in AS improves understanding of the biomechanical and clinical effects of a correction osteotomy of the lumbar spine. The adaptation of basic clinical and biomechanical principles to restore balance is advised in such a way that the individual SEA is corrected by 15° (maximum 40°) in relation to the horizon and C-7 is balanced exactly above the posterosuperior corner of the sacrum.