bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of clinical patterns and underlying epileptogenic zones of hypermotor seizures
Authors: Rheims Sylvain , Ryvlin Philippe , Scherer Clarisse , Minotti Lorella , Hoffmann Dominique , Guenot Marc , Mauguière François , Benabid Alim‐Louis , Kahane Philippe 
Published: May 2008

SummaryBackground: Hypermotor seizures (HMS) are characterized by complex movements involving the proximal segment of the limbs and trunk. Although they are primarily reported in mesial frontal or orbitofrontal epilepsies, they have also been described in patients with temporal or insular epilepsies, questioning the localizing value of HMS in patients contemplating epilepsy surgery. Furthermore, HMS can include different forms of HM behaviors. Whether these clinical variations may be systematized and may reflect different locations of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) has not been evaluated yet.Methods: We have retrospectively analyzed ictal signs and intracerebral EEG data in 11 patients presenting with HMS who became seizure free following epilepsy surgery with a minimum follow‐up of 24 months. Clinical phenomena were reviewed blinded to seizure onset zone.Results: Two types of HMS could be distinguished in this population: HMS1, observed in six patients, mainly consisted of marked agitation that either included body rocking, kicking, or boxing, associated with a facial expression of fear. HMS2, observed in the five other patients, mainly consisted of mild agitation that included either horizontal movements or rotation of trunk and pelvis while lying on the bed, usually associated with tonic/dystonic posturing. SEEG findings showed that the EZ associated with HMS1 was mainly centered on the ventromesial frontal cortex. Conversely, HMS2 was primarily associated with an EZ localized within the mesial premotor cortex.Conclusions: Although these findings remain to be confirmed by larger studies, they may help optimize the placement of intracerebral electrodes in patients contemplating epilepsy surgery.
Seizure type, antiepileptic drugs, and reproductive endocrine dysfunction in Indian women with epilepsy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sahota Preeti , Prabhakar Sudesh , Kharbanda Parampreet S. , Bhansali Anil , Jain Vanita , Das Chandi Prasad , Modi Manish 
Published: May 2008

SummaryBackground:  There is paucity of data regarding occurrence of reproductive endocrine disorders in Asian women with epilepsy (WWE) on antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy.Purpose:  To determine the occurrence of reproductive endocrine disorders in Indian WWE, by seizure type and the AED use.Methods:  Consecutive 427 reproductive age WWE receiving various AEDs were screened for the occurrence of menstrual abnormalities, weight change, and hirsutism. Of these, 53 WWE with menstrual disturbances and/or hirsutism were further evaluated for ovarian morphology and reproductive hormonal profile.Results:  Menstrual abnormalities and/or hirsutism were observed in 83 of 427 (19.4%) WWE irrespective of epileptic seizure type; of these, 50 (60.2%) received valproate, 21 (25.3%) received carbamazepine, 11 (13.3%) received phenytoin, and one (1.2%) received phenobarbitone as the primary AED. Almost half of valproate‐treated women had significant weight gain and obesity. Among 53 of 83 women evaluated further, 23.5% and 63.6% of valproate‐treated women, 25% and 58.3% of carbamazepine‐treated women, and none and 20% of phenytoin‐treated women had polycystic ovaries (PCO) and hyperandrogenemia (HA), respectively. Valproate‐treated women had significantly higher frequency of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (11.8% vs. 2.5%, p < 0.0001) and mean serum testrosterone levels (1.78 vs. 1.36 ng/ml, p = 0.03), compared with women treated with other AEDs.Limitations:  Limitations include small number of women in antiepileptic subgroups and a high drop out rate in women who underwent ultrasound and endocrinological investigations.Conclusion:  Menstrual abnormalities, weight gain, obesity, and PCOS are frequent and significantly higher in WWE receiving valproate, independent of seizure type.
Resolution of obstructive sleep apnea with epilepsy surgery? Expanding the relationship between sleep and epilepsy
Authors: Foldvary‐Schaefer Nancy , Stephenson Lisa , Bingaman William 
Published: May 2008

Summary Recent studies suggest a higher than expected prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with refractory epilepsy. In some cases, treatment of OSA improves seizure control. We report a case in which clinically significant OSA disappeared after left frontal lobe resection that produced a near seizure free state. This occurred in the absence of the usual factors, such as weight or medication change or variation in polysomnography (PSG) recording methodology, that often confound the comparison of sequential PSGs over time. Our patient underwent PSG with 18‐channel EEG recording pre‐ and postoperatively using standardized scoring techniques. Baseline testing revealed an apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) of 24 with severe oxygen desaturations reaching a nadir of 62%. Postoperative testing found both the AHI and oxygen saturation normalized as well as a marked reduction in spike rate. We hypothesize that the pathophysiology of OSA in patients with epilepsy may be impacted by frequent, extensive interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and/or seizures altering upper airway control during sleep.
Nutritional supplements, foods, and epilepsy: Is there a relationship?
Authors: Asadi‐Pooya Ali A. , Mintzer Scott , Sperling Michael R. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryAnecdotal reports suggest that certain foods and dietary contents might influence the occurrence of seizures. However, the existing data are scanty and sometimes controversial. Some studies have found that the supplementation with individual nutrients reduced seizure frequency or improved other aspects of health in patients with epilepsy, while other studies have failed to confirm those findings. Nutrient supplementation may be necessary to prevent or reverse the effects of certain deficiencies that frequently result from the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). However, the potential benefits of nutrient supplementation in patients with epilepsy must be weighed against reports that large doses of certain nutrients can interfere with the action of some AEDs. This paper reviews dietary and nutritional considerations in patients with epilepsy and also the relationship between foods, dietary elements, and seizures.
History of simple febrile seizures is associated with hippocampal abnormalities in adults
Authors: Auer Tibor , Barsi Peter , Bone Beata , Angyalosi Anna , Aradi Mihaly , Szalay Csaba , Horvath Reka A. , Kovacs Norbert , Kotek Gyula , Fogarasi Andras , Komoly Samuel , Janszky Imre , Schwarcz Attila , Janszky József 
Published: May 2008

Summary
Background: It is unclear whether the hippocampal abnormality in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a consequence or the cause of afebrile or febrile seizures (FSs). We investigated whether hippocampal abnormalities are present in healthy adults
>
15 years after a simple FS.
Methods: Eight healthy subjects (5 men) with a history of simple FS (FS+ group) and eight sex‐ and aged‐matched control subjects (FS– group) were investigated by three MR methods: blinded visual inspection of the MRI pictures; automatic voxel‐based volumetry; and T2 relaxation time measurements.
Results: The mean total volume of the two hippocampi was 5.36 ± 1.33 cm
3
in the FS+ group and 6.63 ± 1.46 cm
3
in the FS– group (p = 0.069). The T2 values in the anterior part of the left hippocampus (p = 0.036) and in the middle part of the right hippocampus (p = 0.025) were elevated in the FS+ subjects. The mean volume of the right hippocampus was 3.05 ± 0.8 cm
3
in the FS+ men and 4.05 ± 0.48 cm
3
in the FS– men (p = 0.043). The mean total volume of the two hippocampi was 5.38 ± 1.4 cm
3
in the FS+ men and 7.48 ± 1.14 cm
3
in the FS– men (p = 0.043). There were three FS+ men in whom hippocampal abnormalities including hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and dysgenesis were observed on visual inspection.
Conclusions: A history of simple FS in childhood can be associated with hippocampal abnormalities in adults. These abnormalities are probably more pronounced in men. Simple FS may not be as a benign event as previously thought. Our findings suggest that hippocampal abnormalities associated with FS are not necessarily epileptogenic.
THE OOGONIA OF MACROALGA UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA ARE ALKALINE‐PHOSPHATASE POSITIVE AND CONTAIN GERMINAL BODY‐LIKE STRUCTURES1
Authors: Alexandrova Ya N. , Reunov A. A. 
Published: May 2008

It was observed that in the female gametophyte of Undaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Suringar (Phaeophyta, Laminariales) gametangial initials and maturing oogonia demonstrated different levels of alkaline‐phosphatase activity (APA). The oogonia exhibited a higher level of APA than in its initials. Electron‐dense granular ovoid structures ∼0.5–0.6 μm were present in the cytoplasm of oogonia. These inclusions were not membrane bound and do not appear to be associated with any particular organelles. The number of the inclusions was 1 to 2 in a single section of the cell. In essential details, the specific APA and subcellular germinal body‐like structure of the developing female gamete in U. pinnatifida were very similar to those in metazoan oocytes.
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE LARGE SUBUNIT RUBISCO GENE SUPPORTS THE EXCLUSION OF AVRAINVILLEA AND CLADOCEPHALUS FROM THE UDOTEACEAE (BRYOPSIDALES, CHLOROPHYTA)1
Authors: Curtis Nicholas E. , Dawes Clinton J. , Pierce Sidney K. 
Published: May 2008

The placement of Avrainvillea and Cladocephalus in the family Udoteaceae (order Bryopsidales) has been questioned on the basis of nuclear, plastid, and other ultrastructural characteristics unique to these genera. Bayesian analysis of the chloroplast‐encoded LSU RUBISCO (rbcL) gene showed that the Udoteaceae is paraphyletic. Cladocephalus luteofuscus (P. Crouan et H. Crouan) Børgesen, Avrainvillea nigricans f. floridana D. Littler et Littler, and A. mazei G. Murray et Boodle form a clade with the freshwater alga Dichotomosiphon tuberosus (A. Braun ex Kütz.) A. Ernst that is basal to a clade that includes other members of the Udoteaceae, the Halimedaceae, and the Caulerpaceae. The noncalcified species Boodleopsis pusilla (Collins) W. R. Taylor, A. B. Joly et Bernat. groups with species of the calcified Udoteacean genera Penicillus, Rhipocephalus, Udotea, and Halimeda.
mRNA EDITING AND SPLICED‐LEADER RNA TRANS‐SPLICING GROUPS OXYRRHIS, NOCTILUCA, HETEROCAPSA, AND AMPHIDINIUM AS BASAL LINEAGES OF DINOFLAGELLATES1
Authors: Zhang Huan , Lin Senjie 
Published: May 2008

Identification of novel dinoflagellate taxa through molecular analysis is hindered by lack of well‐defined basal lineages. To address this issue, we attempted to reassess the phylogenetic status of Oxyrrhis marina Dujard. as well as other potentially basal taxa. The analysis was based on two newly established premises: (1) editing density of mitochondrial cob and cox1 mRNA increases from basal to later diverging lineages; (2) nuclear‐encoded mRNA in dinoflagellates is trans‐spliced to receive a 22 bp spliced leader (SL) at the 5′‐end. We analyzed these two genetic traits in O. marina, Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Kof. et Swezy, Heterocapsa triquetra (Ehrenb.) F. Stein, H. rotundata (Lohmann) Ge. Hansen, Amphidinium carterae Hulburt, and A. operculatum Clap. et J. Lachm. Surprisingly, no editing was detected in cob and cox1 mRNAs in these lineages, except for a small number of editing events in Amphidinium. However, nuclear‐encoded mRNAs in these species contained the SL sequence at the 5′‐end, indicative of SL RNA trans‐splicing. These findings, together with the recent cob‐cox1‐18S rRNA three‐gene phylogeny, suggest the following: (1) O. marina is a basal dinoflagellate; (2) Heterocapsa, Amphidinium, and Noctiluca likely are also early diverging lineages of dinoflagellates, and the position of Heterocapsa is inconsistent with literature and needs further investigation; and (3) the presence of the 22 bp SL and mitochondrial (mt) mRNA editing can be considered a landmark of dinoflagellate splits.
APPLICATION OF PHYLOGENETIC PRINCIPLES TO TESTING EVOLUTIONARY SCENARIOS: A COMMENT ON KACZMARSKA ET AL. “MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE ORDER THALASSIOSIRALES (BACILLARIOPHYTA) AND EVOLUTION OF THE FULTOPORTULA”1
Authors: Theriot Edward C. 
Published: May 2008

While rigorous techniques have usually been used to generate phylogenetic trees from molecular data, morphological analysis has sometimes been more informal. A recent example was a study of the evolution of the fultoportula in the diatom order Thalassiosirales (Kaczmarska et al. 2006). Phylogeny was inferred using modern phylogenetic principles applied to nuclear SSU rDNA sequences, but inferences about morphological character evolution were made using noncanonical reasoning and evolutionary scenario building. The preferred hypothesis posited that marginal fultoportulae evolved from the marginal ridge of Lithodesmiales. A related hypothesis suggested that fultoportulae in the valve center were not homologous with those near the valve margin. Shared symplesiomorphies, shared homoplasies, gaps in the fossil record, and subtle morphological differences between central‐ and marginal‐area fultoportulae were offered as the primary evidence for these scenarios. The literature has demonstrated such arguments to be either irrelevant or logically weaker than inferences made under the tests of similarity, conjunction, and congruence. Five prior hypotheses about the origin and evolution of the fultoportula were examined in this study using these tests. The hypothesis that the areola evolved into the multistrutted process, which evolved into the fultoportula, was best supported.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY, ULTRASTRUCTURE, AND TAXONOMIC REVISION OF CHLOROGONIUM (CHLOROPHYTA): EMENDATION OF CHLOROGONIUM AND DESCRIPTION OF GUNGNIR GEN. NOV. AND RUSALKA GEN. NOV.1
Authors: Nakada Takashi , Nozaki Hisayoshi , Pröschold Thomas 
Published: May 2008

We examined the molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of Chlorogonium and related species to establish the natural taxonomy at the generic level. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA and RUBISCO LSU (rbcL) gene sequences revealed two separate clades of Chlorogonium from which Chlorogonium (Cg.) fusiforme Matv. was robustly separated. One clade comprised Cg. neglectum Pascher and Cg. kasakii Nozaki, whereas the other clade included the type species Cg. euchlorum (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb., Cg. elongatum (P. A. Dang.) Francé, and Cg. capillatum Nozaki, M. Watanabe et Aizawa. On the basis of unique ultrastructural characteristics, we described Gungnir Nakada gen. nov. comprising three species: G. neglectum (Pascher) Nakada comb. nov., G. mantoniae (H. Ettl) Nakada comb. nov., and G. kasakii (Nozaki) Nakada comb. nov. We also emended Chlorogonium as a monophyletic genus composed of Cg. euchlorum, Cg. elongatum, and Cg. capillatum. Because Cg. fusiforme was distinguished from the redefined Chlorogonium and Gungnir by the structure of its starch plate, which is associated with pyrenoids, we reclassified this species as Rusalka fusiformis (Matv.) Nakada gen. et comb. nov.
IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION IN OCEANIC PSEUDO‐NITZSCHIA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) FROM IRON‐LIMITED WATERS IN THE NORTHEAST SUBARCTIC PACIFIC1
Authors: Marchetti Adrian , Lundholm Nina , Kotaki Yuichi , Hubbard Katherine , Harrison Paul J. , Virginia Armbrust E. 
Published: May 2008

We identified and investigated the potential toxicity of oceanic Pseudo‐nitzschia species from Ocean Station Papa (OSP), located in a high‐nitrate, low‐chlorophyll (HNLC) region of the northeast (NE) subarctic Pacific Ocean. Despite their relatively low abundances in the indigenous phytoplankton assemblage, Pseudo‐nitzschia species richness is high. The morphometric characteristics of five oceanic Pseudo‐nitzschia isolates from at least four species are described using SEM and TEM. The species identified are Pseudo‐nitzschia dolorosa Lundholm et Moestrup, P. granii Hasle, P. heimii Manguin, and P. cf. turgidula (Hust.) Hasle. Additional support for the taxonomic classifications based on frustule morphology is provided through the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) rDNA. Pseudo‐nitzschia species identification was also assessed by the construction of ITS1 clone libraries and using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) for environmental samples collected during the Subarctic Ecosystem Response to Iron Enrichment Study (SERIES), conducted in close proximity to OSP in July of 2002. Based on ITS1 sequences, the presence of P. granii, P. heimii, P. cf. turgidula, and at least five other putative, unidentified Pseudo‐nitzschia ITS1 variants was confirmed within iron‐enriched phytoplankton assemblages at OSP. None of the oceanic isolates produced detectable levels of particulate domoic acid (DA) when in prolonged stationary phase due to silicic acid starvation. The lack of detectable concentrations of DA suggests that either these strains produce very little or no toxin, or that the physiological conditions required to promote particulate DA production were not met and thus differ from their coastal, toxigenic congeners.
DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES OF COALESCENCE IN SPORELING POPULATIONS OF MAZZAELLA LAMINARIOIDES (GIGARTINALES, RHODOPHYTA)1
Authors: Santelices B. , Alvarado J. L. 
Published: May 2008

Coalescing macroalgae are ecologically important members of intertidal and shallow subtidal communities. However, we still lack quantitative information on the demographic consequences of coalescence. Using demographic models developed for modular invertebrates, we studied the demography of settlement and early recruitment in the coalescing macroalga Mazzaella laminarioides (Bory) Fredericq. Permanently marked microscopic fields on laboratory‐incubated and field‐incubated plates were monitored regularly (at 15, 30, 45, and 60 d) using image analysis techniques to evaluate the relative importance of settler abundance, mortality, coalescence (fusion), and fission on the changes in size and numbers of recruits. On the plates, spores settled individually or in groups. Over time, spores in close proximity may coalesce, resulting in a mixture of unisporic and multisporic crusts. When new spores arrive, they may or may not coalesce with previously settled crusts. Coalescence and mortality reduce the number of sporelings, but coalescence increases the size of the sporelings, thereby reducing further probability of sporeling mortality. Crust fissions are negligible in frequency, while the frequency of coalescence increases from ∼25% after only 3 d, to ∼75% after 60 d. Thus, as a result of variable settlement, mortality, and coalescence, any area colonized by M. laminarioides would contain a mixture of crusts of different sizes, ages, and genetic constitution. The interactions between the above three processes create a more complex survivorship curve than the ones known for unitary organisms.
HDL2 of Heavy Alcohol Drinkers Enhances Cholesterol Efflux From Raw Macrophages via Phospholipid‐Rich HDL2b Particles
Authors: Mäkelä Sanna M. , Jauhiainen Matti , Ala‐Korpela Mika , Metso Jari , Lehto Tiina M. , Savolainen Markku J. , Hannuksela Minna L. 
Published: May 2008

Background:  Alcohol consumption is associated with increased serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and a decreased risk for the development of atherosclerosis. However, the effects of heavy alcohol intake on reverse cholesterol transport, one of the key anti‐atherogenic processes related to HDL, are poorly known.Methods:  The ability of total HDL as well as HDL2 and HDL3 subclasses to promote cholesterol efflux from 3H‐cholesterol‐labeled RAW 264.7 macrophages was studied among 6 heavy alcohol drinkers and 6 controls. Distribution of HDL subclasses was analyzed by 4 to 30% native gradient gels. Serum phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activities were analyzed among several other biochemical measures.Results:  Cholesterol efflux to HDL2 of heavy drinkers was 22% (p = 0.025) higher relative to controls. The increase in HDL2 phospholipids, with a concomitant 2‐fold (p = 0.055) increase in large HDL2b particles, was associated with enhanced cholesterol efflux to HDL2. Interestingly, the cholesterol efflux to HDL3 did not differ between the 2 study groups. These findings may be partially explained by a decreased CETP activity (−26%, p = 0.037) and an increased PLTP activity (39%, p = 0.045) in heavy drinkers.Conclusions:  The increased cholesterol efflux potential of HDL2 is most likely an anti‐atherogenic feature linked to heavy alcohol consumption. The cholesterol efflux and HDL phospholipids also associated strongly within the whole study group (rs = 0.910, p ≤ 0.01) suggesting a common pathway of enhanced cholesterol efflux via enlarged phospholipid‐rich HDL particles.
Reliability of the Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility in Frail Older Adults
Authors: Rockwood Kenneth , Rockwood Michael R. H. , Andrew Melissa K. , Mitnitski Arnold 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVES:To study the test–retest and interrater reliability of the Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility (HABAM) in frail older adults.DESIGN:Convenience sample of 167 frail older adults seen as part of routine care by an academic geriatrician at a tertiary care teaching hospital.SETTING:Inpatient medical and geriatric wards, geriatric ambulatory care clinic, emergency department, home visits.PARTICIPANTS:The interrater reliability sample consisted of 98 inpatients and 69 outpatients. The test–retest reliability sample tracked 63 of the inpatients over the first 2 days of their hospital stay.MEASUREMENTS:Mobility and balance were assessed using the HABAM. Frailty was assessed using a frailty index based on a standardized Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. Reliability was assessed using Pearson correlations and the intraclass correlation coefficients.RESULTS:The interrater reliability of the HABAM was 0.92 and ranged from 0.88 to 0.96 across settings for the various components (balance, transfers, mobility). Test–retest reliability was 0.91 (range 0.85–0.92).CONCLUSION:The HABAM appears to be a reliable means of assessing mobility and balance in frail older adults.
Ultrasonography in Pain Medicine: A Critical Review
Authors: Gofeld Michael 
Published: May 2008

▪ Abstract:  Recently, ultrasonography has been increasingly used in the field of regional anesthesia to assure reliable blockade of peripheral nerves and to visualize neuroaxial structures. As its popularity is steadily increasing, it may become a standard of care for both intraoperative analgesia and postoperative pain control. The application of ultrasound in chronic pain management, however, remains underutilized. Multiple reasons can be suggested to explain this situation. Nonetheless, numerous articles have been published and some interventionalists have gained experience and started to spread their knowledge through hands‐on workshops and medical meetings.It, therefore, seems timely to describe the techniques of ultrasound‐guided injections for chronic pain, to review accumulated experience in this field, to reappraise the scientific and clinical value of this method, and to outline potential future developments. ▪