bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of 3‐in‐one high‐temperature superconducting cable
Authors: Masuda Takato , Kato Takeshi , Hirose Masayuki , Sato Kenichi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA three‐in‐one HTS cable has been developed. Its cable core is composed of a conductor and a shield wound with BSCCO and electrical insulation of the PPLP. The three cable cores are covered in thermal insulated stainless corrugated pipes. The BSCCO wires represent a dramatic innovation by virtue of a newly developed process named Controlled Over‐Pressure (CT‐OP). As a new cable technology, a 350‐m thermal insulation pipe was tested for 7 months to find that the life of the vacuum intensity is more than 10 years. The HTS cable with tension members was designed for installation into an underground duct. In addition, a fault current of 23 kA, 0.63 s, was applied to a sample cable with no damage to the BSCCO wires or the cable insulation. These technologies will be applied to the Albany project in the USA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(1): 15–24, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20577
A brainlike learning system with supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning
Authors: Sasakawa Takafumi , Hu Jinglu , Hirasawa Kotaro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAccording to Hebb'scell assembly theory, the brain has the capability of function localization. On the other hand, it is suggested that in the brain there are three different learning paradigms: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, which are related deeply to the three parts of brain: cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and basal ganglia, respectively. Inspired by the above knowledge of the brain in this paper we present a brainlike learning system consisting of three parts: supervised learning (SL) part, unsupervised learning (UL) part, and reinforcement learning (RL) part. The SL part is a main part learning input–output mapping; the UL part is a competitive network dividing input space into subspaces and realizes the capability of function localization by controlling firing strength of neurons in the SL part based on input patterns; the RL part is a reinforcement learning scheme, which optimizes system performance by adjusting the parameters in the UL part. Numerical simulations have been carried out and the simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed brainlike learning system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(1): 32–39, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20600
The presence of MOMA‐2+ macrophages in the outer B cell zone and protection of the splenic micro‐architecture from LPS‐induced destruction depend on secreted IgM
Authors: Fischer Michael B. , Rüger Beate , Vaculik Christine , Becherer Alexander , Wadsak Wolfgang , Yanagida Genya , Losert Udo M. , Chen Jianzhu , Carroll Michael C. , Eibl Martha M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe role secretory IgM has in protecting splenic tissue from LPS‐induced damage was assessed in mice incapable of secreting IgM but able to express surface IgM and IgD. Within seconds after LPS challenge, 99% of the 131I‐labeled LPS was found in the liver and the spleen of both sIgM‐deficient and wild‐type mice. In the spleen FITC‐labeled LPS was found on the surface of 2F8+ scavenger receptor macrophages localized in the outer marginal zone, while none of the labeled LPS could be detected on marginal zone ER‐TR9+ and MOMA‐1+ macrophages. An additional population of macrophages, MOMA‐2+, were capable of producing C3 locally in the T and B cell zone after LPS challenge. Local C3 production was regulated, as no C3 was found in splenic tissue of unchallenged mice. Interestingly, in the absence of circulating and locally produced secretory IgM, MOMA‐2+ macrophages of the T and B cell zone failed to establish an additional ring of C3‐producing macrophages in the outer B cell zone close to the marginal zone upon LPS challenge. The consequence was a massive destruction of the microarchitecture of the spleen where marginal zones disorganized, lymphoid follicles and T cell zones disrupted and follicular DC (FDC) networks disappeared.
Synergistic activation of interferon‐β gene transcription by the viral FLICE inhibitory protein of Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus and type I IFN activators
Authors: Cloutier Nathalie , Grandvaux Nathalie , Flamand Louis 
Published: September 2007

AbstractExpression of Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus v‐FLIP leads to the spindle‐shape morphology of endothelial cells and is essential for the survival of primary effusion lymphoma cells. Activation of the NF‐κB transcription factor by v‐FLIP is responsible for these effects. Considering that the interferon‐β (ifn‐β) gene is regulated partly through NF‐κB, we sought to determine whether v‐FLIP would activate the expression of the ifn‐β gene. Our results indicate that when v‐FLIP is expressed by itself it has no effect on ifn‐β gene activation but when it is combined with known IFN‐β inducers, a synergistic activation of the ifn‐β gene occurs. This effect is strictly dependent on NF‐κB and is mediated through the positive regulatory domain II of the IFN‐β promoter. Furthermore, we report that protection from Fas‐induced cell‐death by v‐FLIP is observed whether or not the type I IFN signaling pathway is activated. Our work therefore contributes to increase our knowledge on v‐FLIP, highlighting the complex immunomodulatory properties of this anti‐apoptotic viral protein.
IL‐23 and the Th17 pathway promote inflammation and impair antifungal immune resistance
Authors: Zelante Teresa , De Luca Antonella , Bonifazi Pierluigi , Montagnoli Claudia , Bozza Silvia , Moretti Silvia , Belladonna Maria L. , Vacca Carmine , Conte Carmela , Mosci Paolo , Bistoni Francesco , Puccetti Paolo , Kastelein Robert A. , Kopf Manfred , Romani Luigina 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAlthough inflammation is an essential component of the protective response to fungi, its dysregulation may significantly worsen fungal diseases. We found here that the IL‐23/IL‐17 developmental pathway acted as a negative regulator of the Th1‐mediated immune resistance to fungi and played an inflammatory role previously attributed to uncontrolled Th1 cell responses. Both inflammation and infection were exacerbated by a heightened Th17 response against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, two major human fungal pathogens. IL‐23 acted as a molecular connection between uncontrolled fungal growth and inflammation, being produced by dendritic cells in response to a high fungal burden and counter‐regulating IL‐12p70 production. Both IL‐23 and IL‐17 subverted the inflammatory program of neutrophils, which resulted in severe tissue inflammatory pathology associated with infection. Our data are the first demonstrating that the IL‐23/IL‐17 pathway promotes inflammation and susceptibility in an infectious disease model. As IL‐23‐driven inflammation promotes infection and impairs antifungal resistance, modulation of the inflammatory response represents a potential strategy to stimulate protective immune responses to fungi.See accompanying commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200737804
IL‐23 and IL‐17 have a multi‐faceted largely negative role in fungal infection
Authors: Cooper Andrea M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe role of IL‐23 and IL‐17 in the response to fungal infection has been the focus of recent reports. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology there is an article that reports an important role for IL‐23 and IL‐17 in limiting fungal control, promoting neutrophillic inflammation and regulating the killing activity of neutrophils. In the fungal model it appears that IL‐23 and IL‐17 are counter‐productive for protection. See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji200737409
Preparation of 3,3‐Di‐tert‐butylthiirane trans‐1,2‐Dioxide and Its Reaction with a Platinum(0) Complex To Give a (Disulfenato)platinum(II) Complex: Regioselectivity of the Oxidation of a Related (Sulfenato–thiolato)platinum(II) Complex
Authors: Ishii Akihiko , Ohishi Masayuki , Nakata Norio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA three‐membered vic‐disulfoxide, 3,3‐di‐tert‐butyldithiirane trans‐1,2‐dioxide (8), was synthesized by oxidation of the corresponding dithiirane 1‐oxide 15 in high yield. Treatment of 8 and 15 with a platinum(0) complex, [(Ph3P)2Pt(η2‐C2H4)], yielded the (disulfenato)PtII complex 18 and the (sulfenato–thiolato)PtII complex 14, respectively, in high yields. Oxidation of the sulfenato–thiolato complex 14 with an acetone solution of dimethyldioxirane (DMD) took place at the sulfenato sulfur atom to yield the (sulfinato–thiolato)PtII complex 19, while the oxidation with CF3CO3H occurred at the thiolato‐sulfur atom leading to the disulfenato complex 18. Oxidation of 14 with MCPBA formed both 18 and 19. The position of oxidation on 14 with DMD was dependent on the acidity of a coexisting acid. Thus, oxidation of 14 with DMD/CF3CO2H provided 18 and that with DMD/PhCO2H gave 19. Oxidation of 14 with an excess amount of DMD yielded the (disulfonato)PtII complex 20.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Sequential Injection Lab‐on‐Valve Procedure for the Determination of Amantadine Using Potentiometric Methods
Authors: Amorim C. G. , Araújo A. N. , Montenegro M. C. B. S. M. , Silva V. L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAmantadine potentiometric detectors were developed, evaluated and incorporated in a SIA‐LOV manifold in order to accomplish the control of pharmaceutical formulations and urine. The electrodes incorporate α‐cyclodextrin as ionophore, dibutyl phthalate or 2‐fluorophenyl 2‐nitrophenyl ether as plasticizers and potassium tetrakis[3,5‐bis‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (KTFPB) as cationic additive. The slope increased from 61.2 to 63.8 mV decade−1 and the practical limit of detection from 2.6×10−6 mol L−1 to 2.5×10−5 mol L−1 when the plasticizer was changed from 2‐fluorophenyl 2‐nitrophenyl ether to dibutyl phthalate. When incorporated in the flow‐manifold the membranes composed by dibutyl phthalate or with 2‐fluorophenyl 2‐nitrophenyl ether presented slopes and a practical limit of detection of 69.8 mV decade−1 and 1.5×10−4 mol L−1 or 73.7 mV decade−1 and 5.4×10−5 mol L−1, respectively. The electrode presented stable responses for over a year, and were highly selective concerning the representative species of the two sample matrices assayed as interferents. Comparison of obtained results with those provided by reference methods and recovery assays, revealed adequate accuracy for control assays.
Response of the Iron Chalcogenide Glass Membrane Ion‐Selective Electrode in a Seawater Ligand Mimetic Calibration Buffer
Authors: De Marco Roland , Martizano Jay 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAs a continuation of recent mechanistic studies into the influence of seawater ligands on the surface chemistry of the iron chalcogenide glass membrane ion‐selective electrode (ISE), the present study has investigated the response of the iron(III) ISE in a seawater ligand mimetic system to examine its suitability as a calibration medium for the electroanalysis of raw or natural seawater. Significantly, dip method calibrations of the ISE in a mixture of salicylate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylene diamine and minor amounts of dissolved iron(III) and copper(II) yielded the expected Nernstian response of 30 mV/decade according to the known ion‐exchange/electron transfer response mechanism of this ISE. Furthermore, ideal Nernstian response of the electrode is also obtained in a continuous flow analysis (CFA) mode, noting that this provides scope for using a hydrodynamic flow regime to minimize the electrode release of iron and the concomitant detection limit of the ISE. Ultimately, repetitive CFA analyses of free iron(III) in raw or natural seawater yielded a free iron(III) level commensurate with the expected inorganic and organic speciation of iron(III) in seawater.
Aeolian fetch distance and secondary airflow effects: the influence of micro‐scale variables on meso‐scale foredune development
Authors: Lynch Kevin , Jackson Derek W. T. , Cooper J. Andrew G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractUnsuccessful attempts to use process‐scale models to predict long‐term aeolian sediment transport patterns have long been a feature of aeolian research. It has been proposed that one approach to overcome these problems is to identify micro‐scale variables that are important at longer timescales. This paper assesses the contribution of two system variables (secondary airflow patterns and fetch distance) to medium‐term (months to years) dune development. The micro‐scale importance of these variables had been established during previous work at the site (Magilligan Strand, Northern Ireland). Three methods were employed. First, sand drift potentials were calculated using 2 years of regional wind data and a sediment transport model. Second, wind data and large trench traps (2 m length × 1 m width × 1·5 m depth) were used to assess the actual sediment transport patterns over a 2‐month period. Third, a remote‐sensing technique for the identification of fetch distance, a saltation impact sensor (Safire) and wind data were utilized to gauge, qualitatively, sediment transport patterns over a 1‐month period. Secondary airflow effects were found to play a major role in the sediment flux patterns at these timescales, with measured and predicted rates matching closely during the trench trap study. The results suggest that fetch distance is an unimportant variable at this site. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 2‐year follow‐up of 233 very mild (CDR 0.5) Alzheimer's disease patients (REAL.FR cohort)
Authors: Nourhashémi Fati , Ousset Pierre Jean , Gillette‐Guyonnet Sophie , Cantet Christelle , Andrieu Sandrine , Vellas Bruno 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectivesMaking an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is becoming increasingly important. The Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR), a semi‐structured interview with patient and caregiver, is a global rating scale designed for use in staging dementia. The primary objective of our study was to examine the evolution of AD in individuals with very mild AD (CDR 0.5) across a 2‐year follow up.MethodsA cohort of AD patients (n = 682) living in the community were followed during 2 years in 16 centres of the French AD network. Each subject underwent extensive medical examination including the MMSE and CDR every 6 months.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐three AD patients were rated CDR 0.5 at baseline (mean MMSE score: 23.15 ± 2.57). They were younger and reported an average duration of symptoms of approximately 0.8 years less than patients with CDR ≥ 1.During the 2‐year follow‐up, none of the AD CDR 0.5 subjects improved; 65% of them showed an increase in the CDR score. The rate of cognitive decline was similar between the AD CDR 0.5 and CDR ≥ 1 groups. The ADL decline was more significant in patients with CDR ≥ 1 at inclusion.ConclusionsIt is certainly possible to identify AD at a very early stage focusing on intra individual change in cognitive and functional impairment. Criteria with a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting AD at an early stage will help to further develop effective pharmacological and behavioural interventions for delaying the onset and progression of the disease. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endodermal sinus tumor of the paranasal sinuses
Authors: Mishra Anupam , El‐Naggar Adel K. , DeMonte Franco , Hanna Ehab Y. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground.We report a rare case of endodermal sinus tumor (EST) of the paranasal sinus in a 59‐year‐old man with a 6‐week history of nasal obstruction.Methods and Results.High‐resolution MRI showed a right nasoethmoid mass with obstructive changes in the sphenoid, frontal, and right maxillary sinuses and orbital and intracranial extension. Histologic analysis showed 2 distinct histologic features: poorly differentiated carcinoma and EST. Immunohistochemical studies showed strong keratin staining in both components and restricted positivity of α‐fetoprotein in the endodermal sinus‐like component. The patient underwent 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of ifosfamide, paclitaxel, and cisplatin, which resulted in significant regression of the tumor, but after the fourth cycle, the mass showed a slight increase in size. The tumor was excised with clear margins through an anterior craniofacial approach to the skull base. Histologic examination of the resected specimen showed extensive fibrosis with residual areas of viable tumor composed mainly of the poorly differentiated component with only residual microscopic foci of EST. Adjuvant postoperative intensity‐modulated radiation therapy was administered. At 1‐year follow‐up, the patient was tumor free, with normal α‐fetoprotein levels.Conclusion.Because of the rarity of this entity, no standardized treatment protocol has been defined. The involvement of the anterior skull base in our case necessitated a radical craniofacial resection, despite a partial response to chemotherapy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Recent changes in the treatment of patients with advanced laryngeal cancer
Authors: Genden Eric M. , Ferlito Alfio , Rinaldo Alessandra , Silver Carl E. , Fagan Johannes J. , Suárez Carlos , Langendijk Johannes A. , Lefebvre Jean Louis , Bradley Patrick J. , Leemans C. René , Chen Amy Y. , Jose Jemy , Wolf Gregory T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSince the original data from the Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group demonstrated that nonsurgical therapy could achieve survival rates comparable to total laryngectomy in selected cases, there has been a progressive increase in employment of nonsurgical therapy for the management of advanced laryngeal cancer. Both neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by conventionally fractionated or hyperfractioned radiotherapy for chemotherapy responders, or simultaneously administered chemoradiation has resulted in a significant number of patients who achieved cure while preserving their larynges. Nevertheless, combined chemotherapy and external beam radiation is associated with a variety of acute and chronic sequelae that can have a debilitating impact on function and quality of life. Although no therapeutic option is without risk, the decision regarding the modality of therapy for a patient with advanced laryngeal cancer should prompt a careful review of the current surgical techniques available for treatment. Data on quality of life and aging, as well as advances in minimally invasive surgical techniques, are available today that were not available at the time of the Veterans study. Selection of optimal therapy is often complex and raises the question whether the pendulum may have swung too far in the direction of nonsurgical therapy for advanced laryngeal cancer. This article reviews the current options available for a patient with advanced laryngeal cancer and discusses the impact of therapy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Preparation and surface characterization of HMDI‐activated 316L stainless steel for coronary artery stents
Authors: Chuang T.‐W. , Chen M.‐H. , Lin F.‐H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPoor compatibility between blood and metallic coronary artery stents is one reason for arterial restenosis. Immobilization of anticoagulant agents on the stent's surface is feasible for improving compatibility. We examined possible surface‐coupling agents for anticoagulant agent immobilization. Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) and 3‐aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane (APTS) were examined as surface‐coupling agents to activate 316L stainless steel (e.g., stent material). The activated surface was characterized using Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscope (AFM), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) assay. In FTIR analysis, HMDI and APTS were both covalently linked to 316L stainless steel. In AFM analysis, it was found that the HMDI‐activated surface was smoother than the APTS‐activated one. In SPR test, the shift of SPR angle for the APTS‐activated surface was much higher than that for the HMDI‐activated surface after being challenged with acidic solution. TNBS assay was used to determine the amount of immobilized primary amine groups. The HMDI‐activated surface was found to consist of about 1.32 μmol/cm2 amine group, whereas the APTS‐activated surface consisted of only 0.89 μmol/cm2 amine group. We conclude that the HMDI‐activated surface has more desirable surface characteristics than the APTS‐activated surface has, such as chemical stability and the amount of active amine groups. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Separation of hematopoietic stem cells from human peripheral blood through modified polyurethane foaming membranes
Authors: Higuchi Akon , Sekiya Mayu , Gomei Yumiko , Sakurai Masaru , Chen Wen‐Yih , Egashira Satsuki , Matsuoka Yuki 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCell separation from peripheral blood was investigated using polyurethane (PU) foam membranes having 5.2 μm pore size and coated with Pluronic F127 or hyaluronic acid. The permeation ratio of hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+ cells) and lymphocytes through the membranes was lower than for red blood cells and platelets. Adhered cells were detached from membrane surfaces using human serum albumin (HSA) solution after permeation of blood through the membranes, allowing isolation of CD34+ cells in the permeate (recovery) solution. High‐yield isolation of CD34+ cells was achieved using Pluronic‐coated membranes. This was because the Pluronic coating dissolved into the recovery solution at 4°C, releasing adhered cells from the surfaces of the membranes during permeation of HSA solution through these membranes. Dextran and/or bovine serum albumin solutions were also evaluated for use as recovery solutions after blood permeation. A high recovery ratio of CD34+ cells was achieved at 4°C in a process using 20% dextran solution through PU membranes having carboxylic acid groups. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Collagen‐based matrices with axially oriented pores
Authors: Madaghiele Marta , Sannino Alessandro , Yannas Ioannis V. , Spector Myron 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work was the implementation of a simple technique for the production of cylindrical collagen‐based scaffolds with axially oriented pore channels. Matrices with this particular porous structure have the potential to improve the regeneration of peripheral nerves and spinal cord by physically supporting and guiding the growth of neural structures across the site of injury. The regenerative potential may be further enhanced when the collagen scaffold is used as a delivery vehicle for exogenous cells and growth factors. The scaffold manufacturing technique described here is based on unidirectional freezing of a collagen suspension and subsequent freeze‐drying, which produces nearly axially oriented pores. The mean pore size is dependent on both the concentration of collagen in suspension and the temperature of freezing. Environmental scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to assess qualitatively and quantitatively the pore size and the pore orientation. In particular the definition of an orientation index (OI) was employed as a means to quantify the orientation of the pore channels inside the scaffolds. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008