bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renewable Methacrylate Resins for 3D Printing Containing Dynamic Hydroxyester Linkages for Reprocessability
Authors: Janssen Kylian , Schnelting Geraldine H.M. , Waterink Mirte , Guit Jarno , Hul Jerzy , Ye Chongnan , Loos Katja , Voet Vincent S.D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo facilitate the ongoing transition toward a circular economy, renewable 3D print materials that are both sustainable and competitive must be accessible. However, the growing demand for bio‐based thermosetting resins, which are used as ink for vat photopolymerization, gives rise to environmental concerns in terms of plastic waste management. Therefore, photocurable materials that are renewable and recyclable at the same time are needed. In this work, a mechanically robust and reprocessable 3D printed photopolymer is developed from renewable feedstock. Reaction of malic acid with glycidyl methacrylate introduces both methacrylate moieties that can undergo photopolymerization in the 3D printer, and β‐hydroxyester linkages that can act as dynamic crosslinks via bond exchange reactions. By combining modified malic acid with reactive diluents, a photoinitiator, and phosphate catalyst, three distinct resins are formulated, resulting in bio‐based contents ranging from 43% to 49%. The formulations demonstrate good layer fusion and accurate print quality, while the 3D printed specimens are robust and thermally stable. Notably, the printed object with shortest relaxation time displayed Arrhenius flow behavior with an activation energy of 36.0 kJ mol−1, and its mechanical performance is maintained after being recycled three times. This contributes to the end‐of‐life perspective of photocurable resins in additive manufacturing.
Technical refinements of the scapular tip‐free flap for mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Ferri Andrea , Perlangeli Giuseppe , Zito Francesca , Ferrari Silvano , Bianchi Bernardo , Arcuri Francesco , Poli Tito 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe use of scapular tip chimeric free flaps (STFFs) for reconstructing mandibular defects has recently become popular, but its utility relative to other bone‐containing free flaps remains debatable. The aim of the report is to describe how technical modification of STFF impacted in its use for mandibular reconstruction also commenting results obtained in a unicentric series of patients.Patients and MethodsPatients undergoing mandibular reconstruction using an STFF from January 1, 2014 to June 1, 2022 were retrospectively enrolled in this report. We collected data on chimeric flap type, bone management, vascular pedicles, and the final outcomes. In total, 31 patients (13 men and 18 women) with a mean age of 68 years were enrolled. According to the classification system of Urken, 15 patients had body defects, while 7 had ramus defects, another 7 had symphysis defects, and 2 had both ramus and bodily defects. STFF was always harvested working in two equips simultaneously, in supine position. Dissection included preparation of chimeric components of the flap as latissimus dorsi, serratus and scapular tip. After pedicle dissection scapular bone was cut basing on reconstructive needing with a rectangular (stick) shape including the border of the scapula. In cases of longer bone harvesting, circumflex pedicle was also included to perfuse the upper portion of the scapular border. In five cases, the STFF was harvested with only the scapular angle component, and was thus a composite osteomuscular flap; for the remaining 26 cases, a chimeric STFF was used. Circumflex pedicle was included for eight patients. Six of the seven patients with symphyseal defects underwent a single osteotomy.ResultsThe average length of the harvested was 69.92 mm (maximum length = 104 mm). The average height of transplanted bone was 26.78 mm (maximum height = 44.2 mm). Mouth‐opening was normal in 25 patients, limited in 6 patients, and severely impaired in no patients. The cosmetic results were rated as excellent by 20 patients, good by 8 patients, and poor by 3 patients.ConclusionThe STFF is an excellent option for mandibular reconstruction when other flaps are not available and for patients in poor general condition. Technical innovations here presented made possible to harvest long bone segments with accurate shape thanks to osteotomies if needed and with adequate soft tissues components of the chimeric flap, ensuring satisfactory functional and cosmetic results.
A clinical audit of the Emergency Department: Doctors' opinions on the diagnosis and management of cervical spine radiculopathy
Authors: McDonnell Patricia , Jagadamma Kavi C. , Rangra Prateek 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveA clinical audit was carried out on the opinions of doctors working in the Emergency Department (ED) of a large urban hospital regarding the diagnosis and management of cervical spine radiculopathy (CSR). Using international guidelines and current research, it aimed to determine if patients attending this ED were diagnosed and managed in line with best practice, and to identify any discrepancies or areas for improvement in relation to this.MethodDoctors working in this ED were sent an online questionnaire and descriptive analysis was performed on the results to ascertain how they diagnose and manage patients who present with symptoms of CSR. It covered; presentation and definitions of CSR, identification of red flags, clinical tests used, diagnostic test criteria, appropriate management, education and advice given, and the criteria for further management. Additionally, it looked at their opinion on the services' needs.ResultsMost agreed that CSR will improve within 4 weeks with non‐operative management; however, there was a lack of consensus regarding the most affected nerve root, differential diagnosis and appropriate diagnostic tests. Opinions aligned regarding the identification of red flags and early management, especially with widespread neurological deficits. However, the management of ongoing pain or new neurological signs, differed between clinicians. Most participants strongly agreed that access to MRIs affected referrals within an ED episode.ConclusionOverall, the opinions matched recommended guidelines; however, some gaps in knowledge and differing management approaches were identified, indicating the need for ongoing education and standardisation of management.
The Larmor frequency shift of a white matter magnetic microstructure model with multiple sources
Authors: Sandgaard Anders Dyhr , Shemesh Noam , Østergaard Leif , Kiselev Valerij G. , Jespersen Sune Nørhøj 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMagnetic susceptibility imaging may provide valuable information about chemical composition and microstructural organization of tissue. However, its estimation from the MRI signal phase is particularly difficult as it is sensitive to magnetic tissue properties ranging from the molecular to the macroscopic scale. The MRI Larmor frequency shift measured in white matter (WM) tissue depends on the myelinated axons and other magnetizable sources such as iron‐filled ferritin. We have previously derived the Larmor frequency shift arising from a dense medium of cylinders with scalar susceptibility and arbitrary orientation dispersion. Here, we extend our model to include microscopic WM susceptibility anisotropy as well as spherical inclusions with scalar susceptibility to represent subcellular structures, biologically stored iron, and so forth. We validate our analytical results with computer simulations and investigate the feasibility of estimating susceptibility using simple iterative linear least squares without regularization or preconditioning. This is done in a digital brain phantom synthesized from diffusion MRI measurements of an ex vivo mouse brain at ultra‐high field.
Rare finding of a porcelain gallbladder in an early 20th‐century asylum cemetery: Radiologic, clinical, and bioarchaeological perspectives
Authors: Mack Jennifer E. , Howard Candace M. , Didlake Ralph H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPorcelain, or calcified, gallbladder is a finding rarely identified in archaeologically excavated remains. This study reports on an ovoid calcification found in the torso of adult skeleton from an early 20th‐century mental asylum cemetery in Mississippi. The calcified object was imaged using conventional x‐ray and computerized tomographic (CT) scanning (standard and micro), which produced images consistent with those of a clinically diagnosed porcelain gallbladder containing a single large gallstone. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of this medical condition, which may not be familiar to most anthropologists, and of the efficacy of CT scanning for the identification of calcified gallbladders, which may increase the number of cases reported in archaeological literature and provide more information about the prevalence of this condition, and gallbladder disease in general, in past populations.
Rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome: A historical review of treatments and outcomes for associated pediatric malignancies
Authors: Andres Sarah , Huang Karen , Shatara Margaret , Abdelbaki Mohamed S. , Ranalli Mark , Finlay Jonathan , Gupta Ajay 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome (RTPS) is a rare disorder associated with malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RTK), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), and/or other extracranial, extrarenal rhabdoid tumors (EERT), and these pediatric malignancies are difficult to treat. Presently, most of the information regarding clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes of rhabdoid tumors comes from large data registries and case series. Our current understanding of treatments for patients with rhabdoid tumors may inform how we approach patients with RTPS. In this manuscript, we review the genetic and clinical features of RTPS and, using known registry data and clinical reports, review associated tumor types ATRT, RTK, and EERT, closing with potential new approaches to treatment. We propose collaborative international efforts to study the use of SMARC (SWI/SNF‐related, matrix‐associated, actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin)‐targeting agents, high‐dose consolidative therapy, and age‐based irradiation of disease sites in RTPS.
Experimental and numerical investigation on the elastic properties of luffa–cenosphere‐reinforced epoxy hybrid composite
Authors: Gurjar Ashish Kumar , Kulkarni Satyabodh M. , Joladarashi Sharnappa , Doddamani Saleemsab 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEstimating the elastic characteristics of natural fiber‐reinforced polymer composites such as luffa fiber reinforced with epoxy is challenging. The structure of luffa cylindrica is complex, like a three‐dimensional natural fibrous mat, netting‐like structure. The multiscale modeling of such structures is the challenge to be addressed. The prime objective of this work is to determine the specific elastic properties of luffa–cenosphere‐reinforced epoxy (LCE) composite, considering the effect of filler volume fractions. Furthermore, multiscale modeling techniques, such as representative volume elements (RVEs) of finite element techniques with chopped, unidirectional, plain, and twill weaving fiber arrangements, were employed. The longitudinal modulus, transverse modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio were predicted through these modeling approaches. However, experimental and analytical methodologies, including the rule of mixture and Halpin–Tsai, were considered to validate the finite element analysis results. The elastic characteristics of LCE composite were therefore shown to be enhanced by increasing filler volume fraction. However, the cenosphere's 20% volume fraction has the highest elastic properties as determined by analytical, experimental, and computational models. Analytical and finite element simulation results were compared with the experimental results, and based on the findings, the most suitable (unidirectional, chopped, plain, and twill weaving) RVE was identified for finite element modeling of LCE composite for the evaluation of elastic properties. Results from practical approaches and the RVE twill weaving model showed good agreement, with less than 1% error, compared to the other analytical and finite element methods.Highlights
NFCs are gaining ground in polymer composites.
Overcoming challenges in modeling of luffa fiber inside epoxy matrix.
The study uses multiscale modeling with diverse fiber arrangements.
Experimental and analytical methods used to confirm FEA results.
Increased cenosphere volume fraction boosts LCE composite properties.
Integration of benzoic acid‐loaded nanocellulose fibers on biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) matrix and its application into food preservation
Authors: Thodikayil Aiswarya Thattaru , Kumar Ashutosh , Thakur Vikramsingh , V Gangalakshmi , Dhingra Shaifali , Saha Sampa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn active food‐packaging film based on biodegradable poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was fabricated by spraying benzoic acid (BZ)‐loaded nanocellulose dispersions on corona‐treated PHBV films. Corona treatment augmented surface hydrophilicity (contact angle: 46°) and roughness (~60 nm) of the film. While roughness (10 nm from 60 nm) and oxygen permeability (42 cc/m2 day from 205 cc/m2 day) significantly reduced with unaffected water vapor transmission rate, tensile strength (9.85 MPa) and elongation (1.96%) enhanced upon nanocellulose coating on the corona‐treated film. The BZ (23 wt% loading) containing coated film displayed excellent antibacterial activity up to 6 days, demonstrating immense potential in food‐packaging applications.Highlights
Effect of corona treatment on hydrophobic poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) film was evaluated.
Surface hydrophilicity and roughness were introduced on PHBV film after corona exposure.
Antimicrobial‐loaded Nanofibrillated cellulose coating enhanced antibacterial activity of film preserving its mechanical and barrier properties.
BZ‐NFC‐PHBV film increased the shelf life of watermelon juice.
Enumerating Calabi‐Yau Manifolds: Placing Bounds on the Number of Diffeomorphism Classes in the Kreuzer‐Skarke List
Authors: Chandra Aditi , Constantin Andrei , Fraser‐Taliente Cristofero S. , Harvey Thomas R. , Lukas Andre 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe diffeomorphism class of simply connected smooth Calabi‐Yau threefolds with torsion‐free cohomology is determined via certain basic topological invariants: the Hodge numbers, the triple intersection form, and the second Chern class. In the present paper, we shed some light on this classification by placing bounds on the number of diffeomorphism classes present in the set of smooth Calabi‐Yau threefolds constructed from the Kreuzer‐Skarke (KS) list of reflexive polytopes up to Picard number six. The main difficulty arises from the comparison of triple intersection numbers and divisor integrals of the second Chern class up to basis transformations. By using certain basis‐independent invariants, some of which appear here for the first time, we are able to place lower bounds on the number of classes. Upper bounds are obtained by explicitly identifying basis transformations, using constraints related to the index of line bundles. Extrapolating our results, we conjecture that the favorable entries of the KS list of reflexive polytopes lead to some diffeomorphically distinct Calabi‐Yau threefolds.
The effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on C‐reactive protein levels: GRADE‐assessed systematic review and dose–response updated meta‐analysis of data from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jazinaki Mostafa Shahraki , Rashidmayvan Mohammad , Pahlavani Naseh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPomegranate juice (PJ) has a possible anti‐inflammatory effect because of its polyphenol content and antioxidants. However, the anti‐inflammatory effect of PJ in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has not been consistent. A previous meta‐analysis conducted in 2016 reported a nonsignificant lowering effect of PJ on C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to update the pooled effect size of PJ supplementation on CRP levels in RCT studies. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched until July 2023. Eligible studies were found by screening, their relevant data was extracted, and a risk of bias assessment was performed. The pooled effect size was calculated using a random effect model as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval. This systematic review included 11 studies with 13 effect sizes and 696 participants. Meta‐analysis showed that PJ supplementation led to a significant decrease in CRP levels compared to control groups (WMD: −2.55 mg/L; 95%CI: −3.44 to −1.66; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated the significant reduction effect of PJ on CRP levels in studies conducted on the both sexes or only females as well as Iranian population, individuals with 40 years≤, type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, or trials that intervened with PJ dosage of <250 ml/day. Meta‐regression and dose–response analysis reported a nonsignificant linear and nonlinear relationship between intervention characteristics (duration and dose of PJ) and CRP changes. The current meta‐analysis revealed that PJ supplemantation has a beneficial effect in improving CRP levels. It is recommended to understand this effect better, and find the optimal dose and duration of PJ supplementation to reduce CRP levels in the blood, and repeat meta‐analysis after related RCTs are available. For the final proof of these effects, more detailed human studies are needed.
Influence of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation on tropical convection and its teleconnection to the midlatitudes in boreal winter
Authors: Andrews Martin B. , Knight Jeff R. , Scaife Adam A. , Wicker Wolfgang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecently, a connection between the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) was found in observations. The boreal winter seasonal mean amplitude of the daily MJO is anticorrelated with the QBO winds measured at 50 hPa. We investigate whether this relationship is captured in reforecasts of past winters in a seasonal prediction system, and find the ensemble mean response does not show this association, with essentially zero correlation. By repeated subsampling of the ensemble reforecast data, we also show that the observed correlation is very unlikely to arise merely as the result of sampling in the relatively short observational record. Instead, we conclude that the reforecasts genuinely cannot capture the observed QBO–MJO seasonal relationship. We also consider the boreal winter seasonal mean response of tropical convection to the QBO and its influence on the subtropics. We find that the reforecasts are able to capture the stationary pattern found in the observed outgoing long‐wave radiation (OLR) over the tropical west Pacific in response to the QBO. We also find that the associated upper tropospheric divergence in observations interacts with the west Pacific subtropical jet to produce atmospheric Rossby wave patterns that propagate across the midlatitude Pacific Ocean. These extratropical waves have the potential to interfere with the climatological waves in midlatitudes, modifying the strength of the midlatitude annular mode through interactions with the extratropical stratosphere. However, the observed influence on wavenumber 1 is not captured by the reforecasts, suggesting a weak extratropical influence and a partial explanation for the weaker‐than‐observed QBO teleconnection to the Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation.
Downstream migration of landlocked Atlantic salmon smolt in a regulated river—Effects of multiple passage at dams with programmed spill
Authors: Norrgård Johnny R. , Nyqvist Daniel , Greenberg Larry , Bergman Eva 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn many rivers, downstream‐migrating salmonid smolts must pass multiple dams often with high losses as a result. Fish experience mortality both in dam and reservoir passage, and spilling water might allow fish to avoid turbine passage and hence increase migration survival. In River Klarälven, Sweden landlocked Atlantic salmon smolts migrate along a 180 km long reach passing eight dams. A previous telemetry study estimated an accumulated migration success of 16% under conditions with no or very little spill. Here we repeat this study, under a planned spill regime at a subset of hydropower dams. Overall passage success through the eight dams was 32%, which is greater than the 16% reported from the same river section in a year without spill. Most of this increase, however, was attributable to the situation at one dam, where spill constituted a large proportion of total discharge. In addition, we found that loss rates km−1 were similar over dammed reaches and the lentic habitats, but greater than in the free‐flowing reference reaches. Results for migration speed paralleled this result with the highest speeds observed in the free‐flowing reaches.
A Three‐in‐One Integrated Cs3Bi2Br9@Co3O4 Heterostructure with Photoinduced Self‐Heating Effect for Synergistically Enhancing the Photothermal CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhang Zhijie , Qian Junyi , Wang Xuesheng , Chu Yaoqing , Xu Jiayue 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhotothermal catalysis, which applies solar energy to produce photogenerated e−/h+ pairs as well as provide heat input, is recognized as a promising technology for high conversion efficiency of CO2 to value‐added solar fuels. In this work, a “shooting three birds with one stone” approach is demonstrated to significantly enhance the photothermal CO2 reduction over the Cs3Bi2Br9@Co3O4 (CBB@Co3O4) heterostructure. Initially, Co3O4 with photoinduced self‐heating effect serves as a photothermal material to elevate the temperature of the photocatalyst, which kinetically accelerates the catalytic reaction. Meanwhile, a p–n heterojunction is constructed between the p‐type Co3O4 and n‐type Cs3Bi2Br9 semiconductors, which has an intrinsic built‐in electric field (BEF) to facilitate the separation of photogenerated e−/h+ pairs. Furthermore, the mesoporous Co3O4 matrix can afford abundant active sites for promoting adsorption/activation of CO2 molecules. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, the as‐developed CBB@Co3O4 heterostructure achieves an impressive CO2‐to‐CO conversion rate of 168.56 µmol g−1 h−1 with no extra heat input. This work provides an insightful guidance for the construction of effective photothermal catalysts for CO2 reduction with high solar‐to‐fuel conversion efficiency.
iQuantum: A toolkit for modeling and simulation of quantum computing environments
Authors: Nguyen Hoa T. , Usman Muhammad , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: March 2024

SummaryQuantum computing resources are predominantly accessible through cloud services, with a potential future shift to edge networks. This paradigm and the increasing global interest in quantum computing have amplified the need for efficient, adaptable resource management strategies and service models for quantum systems. However, many limitations in the quantum resources' quantity, quality, availability, and cost pose significant challenges for conducting research in practical environments. To address these challenges, we proposed iQuantum, a holistic and lightweight discrete‐event simulation toolkit uniquely tailored to model hybrid quantum computing environments. We also present a detailed system model for prototyping and problem formulation in quantum resource management. Through rigorous empirical validation and evaluations using large‐scale quantum workload datasets, we demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of our toolkit in various use cases. iQuantum provides a versatile environment for designing and evaluating quantum resource management policies such as quantum task scheduling, backend selection, hybrid task offloading, and orchestration in the quantum cloud‐edge continuum. Our work endeavors to create substantial contributions to quantum computing modeling and simulation, empowering the creation of future resource management strategies and quantum computing's broader applications.