bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic journals and changes in scholarly article seeking and reading patterns
Authors: Tenopir Carol , King Donald W. , Edwards Sheri , Wu Lei 
Published: January 2009

PurposeBy tracking the information‐seeking and reading patterns of science, technology, medical and social science faculty members from 1977 to the present, this paper seeks to examine how faculty members locate, obtain, read, and use scholarly articles and how this has changed with the widespread availability of electronic journals and journal alternatives.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered using questionnaire surveys of university faculty and other researchers periodically since 1977. Many questions used the critical incident of the last article reading to allow analysis of the characteristics of readings in addition to characteristics of readers.FindingsThe paper finds that the average number of readings per year per science faculty member continues to increase, while the average time spent per reading is decreasing. Electronic articles now account for the majority of readings, though most readings are still printed on paper for final reading. Scientists report reading a higher proportion of older articles from a wider range of journal titles and more articles from library e‐collections. Articles are read for many purposes and readings are valuable to those purposes.Originality/valueThe paper draws on data collected in a consistent way over 30 years. It provides a unique look at how electronic journals and other developments have influenced changes in reading behavior over three decades. The use of critical incidence provides evidence of the value of reading in addition to reading patterns.
Scholarly e‐books: the views of 16,000 academics
Authors: Jamali Hamid R. , Nicholas David , Rowlands Ian 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThis study, a part of JISC‐funded UK National E‐Books Observatory, aims to find out about the perspective of students and academics, the main e‐book users, on e‐books.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides an analysis of two open‐ended questions about e‐books, contained in a UK national survey conducted between 18 January and 1 March 2008. The survey obtained a response from more than 20,000 academic staff and students; 16,000 free‐text responses were obtained to these two questions.FindingsThe study discloses that convenience associated with online access along with searchability was the biggest advantage of e‐books. The study shows a potential market for e‐textbooks; however, e‐books have yet to become more student‐friendly by improving features such as printing and screenreading.Originality/valueThis is the biggest survey of its kind ever conducted and it improves one's knowledge of what the academic community thinks of e‐books.
Level of maturity of the competitive intelligence function
Authors: Heppes David , du Toit Adeline 
Published: January 2009

PurposeWhile competitive intelligence (CI) is a relatively new business discipline, it is evolving in complexity and importance, to maintain pace with rapid business development. It is the aim of this paper to establish the level of maturity of the CI function within a South African retail bank based on key characteristics for different levels of maturity.Design/methodology/approachThe research for the paper is based on an extensive review of literature and application of the grounded theory research approach. Grounded theory is more interested in theory building than theory testing, which makes it eminently suitable for areas of research to which little attention had been paid and in which little exploration had taken place. For the empirical evidence, a survey was conducted among a pre‐selected group of respondents of a South African retail bank by means of a questionnaire and personal interviews.FindingsThe results of the survey indicated that the CI function was at a mid‐level of maturity, after the underlying elements of the CI functions had been surveyed. While there is significant opportunity for the function to develop to a world‐class level, such growth is limited by respondents' requirements. The CI function is used in support of various levels of decision makers for various levels of decision making. There appears to be a lack of, and great requirement for, the provision of analytical products. Respondents indicated that the CI function should move towards being a key component of company strategy.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was built around the various elements of the CI function, namely the key information needs of CI users, CI deliverables and capabilities, analytical products, relationship with management, sources of information, level of staffing of the CI function as well as the period of time the CI function has been operational. Some of the key findings were that the CI function should assist senior management in developing and reviewing a set of Key Intelligence Needs (KINs); that the CI function should be appropriately resourced; that the CI function should develop and deliver information on trends and implications in respect of the KINs through application of resources and analytical skills; that the CI function should develop and deliver early warning signals.Originality/valueNo research has been done on the level of maturity of the CI function in South African companies. The paper provides recommendations on ways for the CI function at the retail bank to evolve from a mid‐level of maturity to a world‐class level.
The role and future of the monograph in arts and humanities research
Authors: Williams Peter , Stevenson Iain , Nicholas David , Watkinson Anthony , Rowlands Ian 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a project undertaken at University College London (UCL) examining the role and value of the academic monograph – considering continuing decline in sales and usage – and its possible survival in the digital age.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was adopted, in which 17 arts and humanities academics were interviewed in‐depth on their experiences and views.FindingsThe monograph continues to be of great value in the arts and humanities field, and is seen as essential for career progression. Much concern was expressed about the decline in quality of this and other forms of writing, with pressures of the university Research Assessment Exercise foremost in contributing to this decline. Reservations were expressed about moving towards digital versions of the monograph, although print‐on‐demand was considered to be a viable option to enable the continuing publication of specialist works.Originality/valueThis is the first in‐depth study of the role, value and future of the monograph from the viewpoint of the scholar, and so gives a unique insight into the scholarly communication behaviour of arts and humanities researchers.
Visualization of scientific co‐authorship in Spanish universities
Authors: Olmeda‐Gómez Carlos , Perianes‐Rodriguez Antonio , Antonia Ovalle‐Perandones Ma , Guerrero‐Bote Vicente P. , de Moya Anegón Felix 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to visualize the inter‐university and international collaboration networks generated by Spanish universities based on the co‐authorship of scientific articles.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of formulation based on a bibliometric analysis of Spanish university production from 2000 to 2004 as contained in Web of Science databases, applying social network visualization techniques. The co‐authorship data used were extracted with the total counting method from a database containing 100,710 papers.FindingsSpanish inter‐university collaboration patterns appear to be influenced by both geographic proximity and administrative and political affiliation. Inter‐regional co‐authorship encompasses regional sub‐networks whose spatial scope conforms rather closely with Spanish geopolitical divisions. Papers involving international collaboration are written primarily with European Union and North and Latin American researchers. Greater visibility is attained with international co‐authorship than with any other type of collaboration studied.Research limitations/implicationsImpact was measured in terms of journals rather than each individual paper. The co‐authorship data were taken from the Web of Knowledge and were not compared with data from other databases.Practical implicationsThe data obtained in the paper may provide guidance for public policy makers seeking to enhance and intensify the internationalization of scientific production in Spanish universities.Originality/valueThe Spanish university system is in the midst of profound structural change. This is the first paper to describe Spanish university collaboration networks using social network visualization techniques, covering an area not previously addressed.
A longitudinal analysis of alternative document models
Authors: Payne Nigel , Thelwall Mike 
Published: January 2009

PurposeAlternative document models (ADMs) were created with the purpose of reducing the extent to which anomalies occur in counts of web links at the page level, and have been used extensively within webometrics as an alternative to using the web page as the basic unit of analysis. This paper seels tp carry out a longitudinal study of ADMs in an attempt to ascertain which model gives the most consistent results when applied to the UK, Australia and New Zealand academic web spaces over the last six years.Design/methodology/approachInformation science software (SocSciBot Tools, socscibot.wlv.ac.uk) was used to process hyperlink structure text files for UK, Australian and New Zealand universities and produced standard Page, Directory, Domain and Site ADMs using both inlinks and outlinks. Spearman bivariate correlation analysis was then undertaken to determine the level of correlation between these eight ADMs and a measure of site size for each university.FindingsThe findings show that the Domain ADM gives the most consistent results. However, the Directory ADM also gives more reliable results than are evident when using the standard Page model. Aggregating at the site (or university) level appears to provide less reliable results than using the page as the standard unit of measure, and this finding holds true over all three academic webs and for each time period examined over the last six years.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of Spearman's correlation coefficient is considered to be unreliable when used with very small sample sizes and, with only eight universities, the New Zealand academic web space may not be sufficiently large to give truly accurate statistical results.Originality/valueWhile previous specific studies have shown that more accurate results can be obtained through the use of the Domain or Directory ADM, the paper has shown that these results are consistent over time and across different countries' academic web spaces.
Trajectory optimization for hypersonic boost‐glide missile considering aeroheating
Authors: Li Yu , Cui Naigang , Rong Siyuan 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to optimize the downrange for hypersonic boost‐glide (HBG) missile under near‐real condition, and to validate the suitability of proposed wall cooling materials.Design/methodology/approachThe trajectory optimization problem is characterized by a boost phase followed by a glide phase. A multi‐phase trajectory optimization tool is adopted to optimize the downrange. The associated optimal control problem has been solved by selecting a direct shooting method. The dynamics has been transcribed to a set of nonlinear constraints and the arising nonlinear programming problem has been solved through a sequential quadratic programming solver. An aerothermodynamics analysis method is introduced to calculate the aerodynamic heating at nose, leading edge, and ventral centerline regions.FindingsHBG missile is suitable for long‐range attack, and the optimal trajectory solved is a novel boost‐glide‐skip trajectory, i.e. boost firstly, glide secondly, and skip at last. The proposed wall materials are valid.Originality/valueThis paper provides further study on the methods of trajectory design and aerothermodynamics analysis for HBG missile.
Run‐time error detection of space‐robot based on adaptive redundancy
Authors: Gao Xing , Liao Ming‐Hong , Wu Xiang‐Hu , Li Chao‐Yong 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a novel algorithm to handle space environment induced errors in the space‐robot software.Design/methodology/approachThe radiations in outer space may induce transient errors in micro‐processors, this phenomena will make software behavior unpredictable, and the existing software fault tolerance methods have been restricted in non‐multi‐threaded operation systems, non‐component‐based frameworks, non‐cacheable micro‐processors, non‐distributed environments, etc. A software model for space‐robot software, based on adaptive redundancy, is developed and a corresponding run‐time error detection algorithm is presented in this paper. Software was monitored and run‐time transient error would be detected and processed.FindingsExperiments indicate that this method introduces about 30‐35 percent time overhead and about 200‐230 percent memory overhead. It also increases the fault detection rate to 84‐92.5 percent. Moreover, the model and algorithm is effective in a realistic space robot environment.Originality/valueA redundancy model is developed and an error detection algorithm is introduced in this paper. Experiments demonstrate it can provide space‐robot software with good protection against the radiation induced transient errors.
Bayesian model‐based fault diagnosis for the rotor
Authors: Jiye Shao , Minqiang Xu , Rixin Wang 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to deal with the fault of the rotor system of aeroengine that has too much uncertainty and design a structural diagnosis framework for the rotor.Design/methodology/approachBayesian network (BN) is especially suited for capturing and reasoning with uncertainty. This paper adopts the techniques of BN to implement the probability computation of fault occurrence using system information. The rotor system is analyzed in detail and the familiar faults and their corresponding fault symptoms are extracted, then the rotor's BN model based on above information is established. Meanwhile, a framework of the fault diagnosis system based on the network model is developed. Using this model, the conditional probabilities of the faults happened are computed when the observation of the rotor is presented.FindingsThe diagnosis methods developed are used to diagnose the actual four kinds of faults of the rotor. The BN model can identify the faults occurred by those probabilities computed.Originality/valueThe diagnosis system using BN described in this paper is satisfying and can handle the faults of the rotor.
Examination of indirect responses of helicopters using a refined inflow model
Authors: Shahmiri Farid , Saghafi Fariborz 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the cross‐coupled responses of a coupled rotor‐fuselage flight dynamic simulation model, including a finite‐state inflow aerodynamics and a coupled flap‐lag and torsion flexible blade structure.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is laid out based on model development for an articulated main rotor, using the theories of aeroelastisity, finite element and finite‐state inflow formulation. The finite‐state inflow formulation is based on a 3D unsteady Euler‐based concepts presented in the time domain. The most advantages of the model are the capability of modeling dynamic wake effects, tip losses and skewed wake aerodynamics. This is, in fact, a special type of the inflow model relating inflow states, to circulatory blade loadings through a set of first‐order differential equations. A non‐iterative solution of the differential equations has practically altered the model into a simple and direct formulation appending properly to the rest of the helicopter mathematical model. A non‐linear distribution of the induced velocity over the rotor disc is finally obtained by the use of both Legendre polynomials and higher‐harmonic functions. Ultimately, validations of the theoretical results show that the on‐axis response, direct reaction to the pilot input, has a good accuracy both quantitatively and qualitatively against flight test data, and the off‐axis response, cross‐coupled or indirect reaction to the pilot input are improved by this approach of modeling.FindingsImprovements in dynamic prediction of both trim control settings and dynamic cross‐coupled responses of helicopter to pilot inputs are observed.Research limitations/implicationsFurther work is required for investigation of the augmented finite state inflow model, including the wake rotation correction factors to describe helicopter maneuvering flight characteristics.Practical implicationsThe results of this work support the future researches on design and development of advanced flight control system, incorporating a high bandwidth with low‐phase delay to control inputs and also high levels of dynamic stability within minimal controls cross coupling.Originality/valueThis paper provides detailed characteristics on the mathematical integration problems associated with the advanced helicopter flight dynamics research.
UAVs and simulation: an experience on MAVs
Authors: Capello Elisa , Guglieri Giorgio , Quagliotti Fulvia B. 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the research activity of Politecnico di Torino concerning the MicroHawk platform (micro‐aerial vehicles – MAVs) and to present the design and the development of a basic flight simulator for educational/training purpose.Design/methodology/approachA simulator is an easy‐to‐use system for the analysis of maneuver response, the dynamic study and the evaluation of the aircraft flying and handling qualities for different aircraft categories. The software implementation, including the definition of mathematical model, the visual scenario and the real‐time data analysis graphic interface, are delineated in this paper. In addition to this experimental phase, an important effort is done to incorporate simulation into the autopilot tuning process.FindingsAn intense flight activity is carried out to test the flight control system performances of the MicroHawk platform and to establish general procedures to ensure the correct operation of all subsystems. The automatic flight of MAVs has been studied with success for territorial surveillance and map project.Research limitations/implicationsIn order to simplify the use of these platforms by the end‐user, a software interface will be designed to calculate automatically the flight plan, ensuring the desired trajectory design and collision avoidance.Originality/valueThe autopilot simulation integrated with vehicle's dynamics can be used to reduce the platform set‐up time and the risk of losing the prototype. The simulator training permits to study flight complex plane, in order to obtain better platform performances in real conditions. Starting from a simple scenario, it is possible to set up and upgrade the mission at any time during the simulation.
Numerical simulation of flow over an airfoil with a cross flow fan as a lift generating member in a new aircraft model
Authors: Askari S. , Shojaeefard M.H. 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how flow over the airfoil comprising a cross flow fan has been solved by developing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. This research was going to find aerodynamic coefficients and static pressure distribution over the airfoil surfaces. The eccentric vortex motion observed earlier by other researchers in cross flow fan has been studied by numerical method. Also, the airfoil trailing vortex size variation by free stream and fan rotational speed has been surveyed.Design/methodology/approachFlow over the airfoil has been investigated by CFD. At the airfoil solid walls no slip condition (zero velocity) was applied. Re‐normalization group k‐ε model was used for turbulence modeling. The pressure‐velocity coupling was calculated by the SIMPLEC algorithm. Second‐order upwind discretization was considered for the convection terms. Finite volume method with rectangular computational cells was used for whole the solution domain.FindingsCFD predicted lift force was in good agreement with experimental data with the error of 8.26 percent, while the error of thrust prediction was 14.17 percent. Both errors are generally acceptable for an engineering application. Some key flow features observed previously by experiments has also been reproduced by simulation, notably motion of the eccentric and trailing vortices. At low‐fan rotational speed, the eccentric vortex formed below the shaft of the fan but at high‐rotational speed, eccentric vortex came up and moved toward the airfoil leading edge. It was shown that increasing free stream velocity or decreasing fan rotational speed leads to a larger trailing vortex and vice versa. It was showed that the airfoil lift and thrust are highly depended on the fan rotational speed. These forces will increase by enhancing the fan rotational speed.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of complicated geometry of the airfoil, 2D analysis of the flow over the airfoil has been carried out. This simplification leads to higher discrepancies between experimental data and numerical solution.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a detailed study of the Fanwing airfoil. This airfoil is very new and researches in this area are very limited. So, this paper can be helpful for other researches involved in this topic as well as aerospace industries.Originality/valueThis paper is valuable for researchers in the new and up‐to‐date concept of the airfoil comprising a cross flow fan (Fanwing airfoil). This work is original.
A mechanistic study of corrosion inhibiting admixtures
Authors: Anh Nguyen Tuan , Shi Xianming 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThis research aims to unravel the role of salt contamination and corrosion inhibiting admixtures in the processes of cement hydration and rebar corrosion.Design/methodology/approachMortar samples were prepared with NaCl and one of three corrosion inhibitors, sodium nitrite, disodium β‐glycerophosphate, or N,N′‐dimethylethanolamine, admixed. After 28 days curing, all steel‐mortar samples were ponded with 3 percent NaCl solution and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted periodically during the first 48 days. After 60 days of ponding by 3 percent NaCl solution, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses were conducted on the fracture surface of the steel‐mortar sample.FindingsThe FESEM results revealed that admixing chlorides and inhibitors in fresh mortar changed the morphology and cement hydration product of hardener mortar at the steel‐mortar interface. The EIS data indicated that all inhibitors increased the polarization resistance of steel, implying reduced corrosion rate of the steel over 48‐day exposures to salt ponding. 0.05 M N,N′‐dimethylethanolamine was the most effective corrosion inhibitor, followed by 0.5 M sodium nitrite; whereas 0.05 M disodium β‐glycerophosphate was a slower and less capable corrosion inhibitor. The admixing of inhibitors in fresh mortar consistently increased the capacitance and decreased the electrical resistance of hardened mortar. The effect of sodium nitrite inhibitor on the resistance of steel mortar interfacial film compensated that of corrosive NaCl by participating to the formation of a protective ferric oxide film.Originality/valueThe results reported shed light on the complex role of admixed salt and corrosion inhibitors in cement hydration and their implications on the durability of steel‐reinforced concrete.