bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slave Witnesses in Antiphon 5.48
Authors: Tulin Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Antiphon 5.48 suggests that slaves were competent to serve as witnesses in Athenian homicide cases, an interpretation which sits poorly with our general understanding of Athenian legal procedure. Attempts to emend or reinterpret the clause are unpersuasive; and recent attempts to support the traditional reading are equally unpersuasive. The traditional interpretation is, in fact, correct, but it is simply established by an exact parallel in Plato's Laws (937A).
Marianus of Eleutheropolis
Authors: Geiger Joseph 
Published: February 2025

The Suda tells us (M 194), all that is known about this person Marianus, a consul, praefect and patrician under Anastasius emigrated from Rome to Eleutheropolis in Palaestina Prima together with his father Marsus, an advocate at the court of the Praefect of the City of Rome. He paraphrased into iambics the hexameter poems of all the important Hellenistic poets. The Suda does not indicate at which stage of his life his emigration from Rome to Eleutheropolis occurred. It will be only right and proper to look at Marianus’ possible Roman, viz. Latin, background. As is well known, also in Latin poetry there was a movement away from the hexameter, and towards the iambic metre. A short discussion of two or three authors may be relevant to our present quest. The first among these is Avienus, who according to Servius turned Virgil and Livy into iambics. Another is Alfius Avitus. He seems to have found a follower, a poet whose only extant fragment of five iambic dimeters comes from a poem called Lupercalia (or similarly). His name is Marianus. Obviously in the present context this information cannot be left unexplored. Of course a sheer coincidence of the names. is not impossible; but even in that case it would have been wrong to ignore the Roman background of a poet from Rome.
Tiberius and the Lex Papia Poppaea
Authors: Geiger Joseph 
Published: February 2025

A clause of the lex Papia Poppaea extended from the six months laid down by the lex Iulia de maritandis ordinibus to eighteen the time within which divorcees were to remarry. The paper investigates the possible reasons for this change in the law. It attributes the change in large measure to the influence of Tiberius, who was, at the time, at the height of his power and influence as the designated successor of Augustus. Tiberius was moved by the experience of his forced divorce from Vipsania, who, the paper suggests, was forced to remarry soon after the divorce while pregnant with Tiberius’ son (who would die in infancy). The passage of the lex Papia Poppaea, which now eliminated the possibility that pregnant divorcees might be forced to remarry, seems to have taken into account Tiberius’ susceptibilities and could have been taken by him as a tacit gesture by Augustus in acknowledge­ment of the justice of his views. The dedication of an altar to the Princeps on his and Livia’s wedding anniversary marked Tiberius’ final reconciliation and the redressing of whatever wrong might have been done in his view.
Studies on Cato’s Ad filium
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexander 
Published: February 2025

The article seeks to give a detailed analysis of fragments of Cato the Elder which were edited by Heinrich Jordan under the title Libri ad Marcum filium. Particular attention is given to reference formulae which introduce quotations from Cato. I argue that the fragments of Libri, which are explicitly labeled “ad filium” in our sources, and which are devoted to issues of medicine, go back to a private letter addressed to Cato’s elder son M. Porcius Cato Licinianus. In all probability, this letter belongs to a hypothetical series of letters written in 168 BC when Licinianus did his military service in Macedonia (Epistulae, fr. 3; 4 Jordan). It included a notorious attack on Greek medicine and Greek culture (Libri ad filium, fr. 1). I argue that, Cato hinted at an anti-Italic passage from pseudo-Platonic Epistle 7, 353e when he expressed his anti-Hellenic sentiments. Pliny the Elder used quotations from Cato’s letter about medicine in his Dubius sermo, and beyond doubt Pliny was the source for Diomedes and Priscian (ad filium, fr. 3; 4). It can be assumed that Plutarch drew on the Dubius sermo when he quoted fr. 11 and 12 not related to medicine and attributed by Jordan to a hypothetical work De agri cultura (ad filium). Another fragment assigned to the same De agri cultura is likely to belong to Valerius Cato (ad filium, fr. 8).
Plutarch’s Life of Crassus and the Roman Lives
Authors: Chulp James T. 
Published: February 2025

Plutarch's Crassus appears to be a very weak Life, especially when considered alongside the other Lives of the Late Republic. This paper examines the relationship between Crassus and the other five Lives with which C. B. R. Pelling argues it was very probably composed -- Caesar, Pompey, Cato Minor, Brutus, and Antony. Crassus appears to have been an afterthought by Plutarch, but it does contribute in a significant way to the scope of the later Roman Lives.
Camels, Soldiers, and Pilgrims in Sixth Century Nessana
Authors: Whately Conor 
Published: February 2025

In this article, Conor Whately takes a closer look at two papyri from Nessana, P. Ness. 3.35 and 37, which detail aspects of the presence of camels in the village. These papyri have been used to argue for the presence of camel-riders among the resident soldiers. Previous scholarship had identified two species of camel at Nessana, the dromedary and the Bactrian on the basis of the Greek words used in P. Ness. 3.35, δρομεδάριος, and κάμηλος. Whately argues that the first term means camel-rider, dromedarius, while the second means camel. The presence of documents like this papyrus (P. Ness. 3.35) reveals the close workings of soldiers and civilians at the frontier site, with one of the principal duties being to provide pilgrims to the Holy Land with sufficient security.
Recovering Josephus: Mason’s History of the Jewish War and the Siege of Masada
Authors: Davies Gwyn , Magness Jodi 
Published: February 2025

In a recent book, Steve Mason presents an overview of the First Jewish Revolt against Rome. Mason argues that Josephus’ testimony is unreliable and incomplete, and therefore cannot form a basis for reconstructing events which unfolded in Judea and Rome two thousand years ago. Instead, according to Mason, any one of a number of scenarios not presented by Josephus could equally likely have occurred. One episode that Mason discusses at length is Josephus’ account of the siege and fall of Masada. In this paper, we test Mason’s post-modern literary approach to Josephus through one case study: the siege of Masada, focusing in particular on the assault ramp. We believe that an empirical analysis of the archaeological remains supports Josephus’ testimony and allows considerable confidence in its essential accuracy over alternative scenarios as proposed by Mason.
Hesiod’s Ate Again
Authors: Roisman Hanna M. 
Published: February 2025

The paper answers W.J. Verdenius' objections to my claim that atē in the meaning of ‘ruin’ is not only post-Homeric but post-Hesiodic as well. I base my claim on a close analysis of all the aorist participles in Works and Days showing that there is no instance of a coincidental/modal aorist participle which would correspond to the case of WD 215-216 on which Verdenius bases his claim.
Enchantment and Other Effects of Poetry in the Homeric Odyssey
Authors: Finkelberg M. 
Published: February 2025

Although the effect of poetry most frequently mentioned in Homer is pleasure, it was not the only effect Homer intended for poetry to produce. Such a programmatic passage as the poet’s request for knowledge in the invocation of the Muses preceding the Catalogue of Ships (Il. 2.484-93) cannot be accounted for in terms of pleasure. It should be kept in mind in this respect that the effects of poetry described in the epics are invariably the effects of performance, which involved not only recitation but also music and dancing. Yet the total of the oral poem did not reside in performance. Although the Homeric singer was professionally committed to satisfying the communi­ty’s need for entertainment, his song was also the song of the Muses, deriving from the goddesses’ knowledge of everything that happens on earth. That is to say, while the song of the Muses is employed as a means of entertainment, it is far from being its only function. The Muses’ song is also the vehicle through which people have access to things not given to them in their immediate experience. As the Sirens’ episode shows, it is this aspect of the song that produces enchantment in the listeners.
ANALISIS NETWORK PERFORMANCE MENGGUNAKAN PARAMETER QoS (QUALITY OF SERVICE) PADA JARINGAN INTERNET (STUDI KASUS : HONDA AGUNG MOTOR PACET)
Authors: Rifa'i Mochamad Fikri , Indra Nugraha  , Asep Agus Suryana  
Published: February 2025

Kualitas jaringan internet yang stabil dan handal menjadi faktor penting dalam menunjang produktivitas dan efisiensi operasional perusahaan, khususnya di era digital seperti sekarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja jaringan internet di Honda Agung Motor Pacet dengan menggunakan parameter Quality of Service (QoS). Parameter QoS yang diukur meliputi mengetahui kemampuan kinerja jaringan yang ada. Pengujian menggunakan Wireshark untuk memperoleh nilai parameter throughput, jitter, delay dan packet loss. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengujian pada berbagai titik jaringan dan dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kinerja jaringan internet di Honda Agung Motor Pacet cukup baik. Namun, terdapat beberapa titik yang mengalami kendala pada parameter tertentu, seperti latency yang tinggi pada jam-jam sibuk. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan kinerja jaringan untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan dan mendukung aktivitas bisnis Perusahaan. Dengan nilai Throughput = 135/kbits/s, Loss Packet = 0,3% yaitu data yang hilang mendekati nol, Delay 3,818s dengan nilai Bagus dan Jitter = 9,962 ms dengan indeks 3 Bagus. Ketersediaan internet yang stabil dan baik pada Honda Agung Motor Pacet dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan layanan konsumen dan kinerja pegawai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis kualitas jaringan internet pada Kantor Honda Agung Motor Pacet.
University Students’ Motivation for Intercultural Competence: A Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan)
Authors: Ali Muhammad Waqar , Zeenath Khan  
Published: February 2025

An emergent interest in cultivating intercultural competence in wake of enduring internationalization of the world has generated a pressing demand for investigation of variable exerting impact on fostering intercultural competence. However, limited research on this phenomenon in the context of Pakistan creates space for further investigation about academic context in Pakistan. Resultantly, the current paper intended to investigate the interplay between motivation and gender, and their respective influence on fostering intercultural competence. The researcher employed quantitative research design. A 10-statement questionnaire was employed to collect data on 5-point Likert scale from 52 undergraduates (female = 51%; male = 49%) from a university in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The results revealed that the treatment boosted their enthusiasm for future intercultural education. The female partakers manifested higher motivation level than their male counterparts on certain question. However, the difference was not found to be significant. The conclusions suggest some implications for educators, policy makers, curriculum designers, and material developers.
Gaming Cancer
Authors: Yoshimi Jeff 
Published: February 2025

Can experimenting with game design increase our chances of finding a cure for cancer?
Cancer is crafty, forcing us to be just as clever in our efforts to outfox it—and we've made excellent progress, but is it time for a new play in the playbook? In Gaming Cancer, Jeff Yoshimi proposes a new approach to fighting an increasingly exhausting war. By putting the work of cancer research into the hands of nonspecialists, Yoshimi believes, we can accelerate the process of outgaming the disease once and for all.
Gamers have already used “serious games” to discover new galaxies, digitize ancient texts, decode viruses, and solve theoretical problems in neuroscience. Cancer is a multilayered threat, and our best bet at overcoming it is via more minds working in concert. Gaming Cancer is an instruction manual for engineering games that motivate users to strain and sweat to find cancer cures. It integrates game design with research in cancer biology, data visualization techniques, and developments in cognitive science and AI while remaining sensitive to the limitations of citizen science and ethical concerns. Yoshimi sees in cutting-edge game technology the potential to educate and empower people to outwit cancer, an indirect route to richer science literacy that draws on the boundless resources of the mind.
This book offers anyone invested in beating this seemingly intractable disease a concrete playbook that combines real science with creative vision in an effort to defeat the boss monster, cancer.
Underreporting of Overweight and Obesity in Primary Care: A Cross-sectional Study of Children Aged 6–11 Years old
Authors: Alanis Yadira Guadalupe Viveros , Lopez-Hernandez Daniel , Oviedo-Chavez Aldo , Brito-Aranda Leticia , Sandoval-Morales Alejandra , Castillo-Cruz Tania , Beltran-Lagunes Luis , Mancilla-Del-Alto Berenice , Gamboa-Martinez Dora Orquidea , Salinas-Palacios Perla Veronica , Liceaga-Perez Liliana Grisel , Jimenez-Hernandez Rocio Liliana , Olivares-Lopez Xochitl Liliana , Noguez-Alvarez Victor Hugo , Aviles Edgar Cruz , Flores-Morales Guadalupe Jacqueline , Torres-García Edgar Esteban , Anguiano-Velazquez Tabata Gabriela , Nuñez-Calvillo Miguel Angel , Juarez-Montoya Carmen Lizzete , Ambrosio-Ramirez Israel 
Published: February 2025

Aims: To explore the underreporting of nutritional status among children aged 6–11 years old in primary care, assessed using BMI categories (from World Health Organization). Additionally, the study will evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity by age and sex and examine whether identified cases are being referred to specialised services, such as paediatrics or nutrition.
Study Design: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted through a retrospective review of medical records.
Place and Duration of Study: Ambulatory Care Medical Unit. The study was carried out from February 1st to December 31st, 2024, with Mexican paediatric patients attending outpatient consultations in the Family Medicine Specialty and General Medicine departments at the "División del Norte" Family Medicine Clinic, ISSSTE, in Mexico City, Mexico. The data was collected from January, 2022 to December, 2022.
Methodology: Data on health and sociodemographic variables was collected through a retrospective design, using medical records.
Results: We included 363 medical records of paediatric patients, mainly boys (50.7%, 95% CI: 45.5–55.9). The age average, weight, height and BMI was similar between girls and boys (p value >0.05). The largest proportion of children were underweight (n=204, 56.2%; CI95% 51.5-61.2), followed by normal weight (n=130, 35.9%; CI95% 30.3-41.3). Smaller proportions were classified as overweight (n=25, 6.9%; CI95% 4.7-9.6) and with obesity (N=4, 1.1%; CI95% 0.3-2.5). A total of 10 patients (2.8%) were diagnosed during consultations, leaving a significant majority undiagnosed (n=353, 97.2% CI95% 95.3-98.6). Boys were four times more likely than girls to be referred to paediatric services (25% vs. 5.9%). In contrast, girls showed a slightly higher likelihood of being referred to nutrition services compared to boys (23.5% vs. 16.7%).
Conclusion: Malnutrition is the most prevalent nutritional disorder. Overweight and obesity are significantly underreported. This study emphasises the importance of improving the identification, diagnosis, and referral of children with nutritional disorders in primary care settings.
Antioxidative Potential of Telfairia occidentalis Aqueous Leaves Extract in Mitigating Cyclophosphamide-Induced Neurotoxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Khadijat Abdulsalam Motunrayo , Opeyemi Adejinmi Suliat , Eunice Oresanya Motunrayo , Ehimare Ehiremen Samuel , Bello Taiwo Hassan , Olubunmi Taiwo-Ola Dorcas , Adeola Adelakin Lola , A Suleiman Isa , Bamidele Fakunle Ponle 
Published: February 2025

Aim: This study sought to investigate the antioxidative potentials of Telfairia occidentalis aqueous leaves extract (TOAE) on cyclophosphamide (CP) induced neurotoxicity in rats.
Study Design: This study sought to investigate the antioxidative potentials of Telfairia occidentalis aqueous leaf extract (TOAE) on cyclophosphamide induced neurotoxicity in rats.
Place and duration of the study: This study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria between October, 2023 and September, 2024
Methods: 25 Adult wistar rats were assigned into five different groups I-V of (n=5) which were respectively exposed for 14 days as follow to Normal saline, TOAE only (400 mg/kg b.w), 400 mg/kg b.w TOAE with single dose of 100 mg/kg CP on 14th day, single dose 100 mg/kg CP only on day 1 and single dose of 100 mg/kg CP only on day 1 followed by 400 mg/kg b.w of TOAE for 14 days. CP was administered intraperitoneally and TOAE was administered orally. All the animals were sacrificed at the end of designated exposure and processed for biochemical evaluations using standard protocols.
Results: CP mediated inflammation in cerebellum of rats with a significant increase in MDA, CAT, IL-1β and TNF-α significant decrease in SOD and Gpx levels compared with a control group. Lipid peroxidation was also induced following exposure of rats to CP. There is a marked decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities in CP group. However, treatment with TOAE markedly inhibited the inflammation by reversing the elevated levels of inflammatory markers. Furthermore, TOAE suppressed the lipid peroxidation chain reaction by reducing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase CAT. TOAE attenuates CP-induced oxidative stress by increase the level of GPx and superoxide dismutase enhancing the activities of the cytoprotective enzymes (catalase and glutathione-S- transferase). Serum levels of Interleukin-2/1-beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), were measured on the 15th day after exposure. The effect of TOAE was deduced on anti-inflammatory and antioxidants properties. Taken together, TOAE inhibited inflammation, suppressed lipid peroxidation, attenuated oxidative stress, and enhanced the antioxidant enzymes activities.
Conclusion: These therapeutic effects of TOAE might be due to its phytochemicals. The findings of this study indicate that aqueous leaf extract of T. occidentalis has could be a drug candidate for the treatment of the immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide on neurotoxicity.
Patient Care Technician Staffing and Outcomes Among US Patients Receiving In-Center Hemodialysis
Authors: Plantinga Laura C. , Bender Alexis A. , Urbanski Megan , Douglas-Ajayi Clarica , Morgan Jennifer Craft , Woo Karen , Jaar Bernard G. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceDialysis patient care technicians (PCTs) play a critical role in US in-center hemodialysis (HD) care, but little is known about the association of PCT staffing with patient outcomes at US HD facilities.ObjectiveTo estimate the associations of in-center HD patient outcomes with facility-level PCT staffing.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective cohort study, with data analysis performed from March 2023 to January 2024. Data on US patients with end-stage kidney disease and their treatment facilities were obtained from the US Renal Data System. Participants included patients (aged 18-100 years) initiating in-center HD between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, who continued receiving in-center HD for 90 days or more and had data on PCT staffing at their initial treating HD facility.ExposureFacility-level patient-to-PCT ratios (number of HD patients divided by the number of PCTs reported by the treating facility in the prior year), categorized into quartiles (highest quartile denotes the highest PCT burden).Main Outcomes and MeasuresPatient-level outcomes included 1-year patient mortality, hospitalization, and transplantation. Associations of outcomes with quartile of patient-to-PCT ratio were estimated using incidence rate ratios (IRRs) from mixed-effects Poisson regression, with adjustment for patient demographics and clinical and facility factors.ResultsA total of 236 126 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.1 [14.4] years; 135 952 [57.6%] male; 65 945 [27.9%] Black; 37 777 [16.0%] Hispanic; 153 637 [65.1%] White; 16 544 [7.0%] other race; 146 107 [61.9%] with diabetes) were included. After full adjustment, the highest vs lowest quartile of facility-level patient-to-PCT ratio was associated with a 7% higher rate of patient mortality (IRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12), a 5% higher rate of hospitalization (IRR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08), an 8% lower rate of waitlisting (IRR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98), and a 20% lower rate of transplant (IRR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.91). The highest vs lowest quartile of patient-to-PCT ratio was also associated with an 8% higher rate of sepsis-related hospitalization (IRR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.14) and a 15% higher rate of vascular access–related hospitalization (IRR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03-1.28).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that initiation of treatment in facilities with the highest patient-to-PCT ratios may be associated with worse early mortality, hospitalization, and transplantation outcomes. These results support further investigation of the impact of US PCT staffing on patient safety and quality of US in-center HD care.
Quantitative brain 18F‐FDG PET/CT analysis in seronegative autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Roman Samantha N. , Sadaghiani Moe S. , Diaz‐Arias Luisa A. , Le Marechal Marion , Venkatesan Arun , Solnes Lilja B. , Probasco John C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveBrain 18F‐FDG PET/CT is a useful diagnostic in evaluating patients with suspected autoimmune encephalitis (AE). Specific patterns of brain dysmetabolism have been reported in anti‐NMDAR and anti‐LGI1 AE, and the degree of dysmetabolism may correlate with clinical functional status.18FDG‐PET/CT abnormalities have not yet been described in seronegative AE.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of brain18FDG‐PET/CT data in people with seronegative AE treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Utilizing NeuroQ™ software, the Z‐scores of 47 brain regions were calculated relative to healthy controls, then visually and statistically compared for probable and possible AE per clinical consensus diagnostic criteria to previous data from anti‐NMDAR and anti‐LGI1 cohorts.ResultsEight probable seronegative AE and nine possible seronegative AE were identified. The group only differed in frequency of abnormal brain MRI, which was seen in all of the probable seronegative AE patients. Both seronegative groups had similar overall patterns of brain dysmetabolism. A common pattern of frontal lobe hypometabolism and medial temporal lobe hypermetabolism was observed in patients with probable and possible seronegative AE, as well as anti‐NMDAR and anti‐LGI1 AE as part of their respective characteristic patterns of dysmetabolism. Four patients had multiple brain18FDG‐PET/CT scans, with changes in number and severity of abnormal brain regions mirroring clinical status.ConclusionsA18FDG‐PET/CT pattern of frontal lobe hypometabolism and medial temporal lobe hypermetabolism could represent a common potential biomarker of AE, which along with additional clinical data may facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment.