bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of ventriculoperitoneal shunt dependency in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Chan Michael , Alaraj Ali , Calderon Mateo , Herrera Sebastian Ramon , Gao Weihua , Ruland Sean , Roitberg Ben Zion 
Published: October 2008

Object
Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage treated using external ventricular drainage due to obstructive hydrocephalus commonly remain shunt-dependent. Based on identified risk factors for external ventricular drain (EVD) challenge failure, the authors sought to determine the likelihood that a patient will require a permanent shunt.

Methods
The authors reviewed 89 consecutive cases of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with obstructive hydrocephalus for parameters associated with EVD challenge failure and permanent shunt requirement. Significant parameters were combined in a discriminant function analysis to create a failure risk index (FRI). Linear regression analysis was performed correlating the FRI with the actual rate of shunt dependency.

Results
Patients requiring a permanent shunt had: a larger third ventricular diameter (7.0 vs 5.4 mm; p = 0.02) and a higher Hunt and Hess grade (3 vs 2; p = 0.02) at the time of admission; and a larger third ventricular diameter (6.6 vs 5.2 mm; p = 0.04), a larger bicaudate diameter (31.9 vs 30.2 mm; p = 0.03), and higher CSF protein levels (76.5 vs 40.3 mg/dl; p < 0.0001) at the onset of EVD challenge. These patients were also more likely to be female (p = 0.01) and have a posterior circulation location of their aneurysm (p = 0.01). The FRI score was calculated based on a weighted combination of the above parameters. Linear regression analysis between FRI values and the percentage of patients who required a permanent shunt had a correlation coefficient of 91%; the risk of a permanent shunt requirement increased linearly with a rising FRI score.

Conclusions
An FRI score created by discriminant function analysis can predict whether or not a permanent shunt is required, even if separate factors are not in agreement with each other or show a weak correlation when considered separately. An increased FRI score was strongly and linearly correlated with the risk of EVD challenge failure. A prospective study is necessary to validate the FRI.
Attenuation of cerebral vasospasm and secondary injury by 17β-estradiol following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Lin Chih-Lung , Dumont Aaron S. , Su Yu-Feng , Tsai Yee-Jean , Huang Jih-Hui , Chang Kao-Ping , Howng Shen-Long , Kwan Aij-Lie , Kassell Neal F. , Kao Cheng-Hsing 
Published: October 2008

Object
Cerebral vasospasm remains a major complication in patients who have suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous studies have shown that 17β-estradiol (E2) attenuates experimental SAH–induced cerebral vasospasm. Moreover, E2 has been shown to reduce neuronal apoptosis and secondary injury following cerebral ischemia. Adenosine A1 receptor (AR-A1) expression is increased following ischemia and may represent an endogenous neuroprotective effect. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of E2 in preventing cerebral vasospasm and reducing secondary injury, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation and AR-A1 expression, following SAH.

Methods
A double-hemorrhage model of SAH in rats was used, and the degree of vasospasm was determined by averaging the cross-sectional areas of the basilar artery 7 days after the first SAH. A cell death assay was used to detect apoptosis. Changes in the protein expression of AR-A1 in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and dentate gyrus were compared with levels in normal controls and E2-treated groups (subcutaneous E2, 0.3 mg/ml).

Results
The administration of E2 prevented vasospasm (p < 0.05). Seven days after the first SAH, DNA fragmentation and protein levels of AR-A1 were significantly increased in the dentate gyrus. The E2 treatment decreased DNA fragmentation and prevented the increase in AR-A1 expression in the dentate gyrus. There were no significant changes in DNA fragmentation and the expression of AR-A1 after SAH in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the animals in the control and E2-treated groups.

Conclusions
The E2 was effective in attenuating SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm, decreasing apoptosis in the dentate gyrus, and reducing the expression of AR-A1 in the dentate gyrus after SAH. Interestingly, E2 appears to effectively prevent cerebral vasospasm subsequent to SAH as well as attenuate secondary injury by reducing both apoptosis and a compensatory increase in AR-A1 expression in the dentate gyrus.
Persisting embryonal infundibular recess
Authors: Šteňo Andrej , Popp A. John , Wolfsberger Stefan , Belan Vít'azoslav , Šteňo Juraj 
Published: October 2008

Persisting embryonal infundibular recess (PEIR) is a rare anomaly of the third ventricular floor that has an unclear pathogenesis. In all 7 previously described cases, PEIR was present in adult patients and was invariably associated with hydrocephalus and, in 4 reported cases, with an empty sella. These associated findings led to speculations about the role of increased intraventricular pressure in the development of PEIR.
In the present case, PEIR was found in a 24-year-old man without the presence of hydrocephalus or empty sella. Disorders of pituitary function had been present since childhood. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic expansion in an enlarged sella turcica. A communication between the third ventricle and the sellar cyst was suspected but not apparent. During transcranial surgery, the connection was confirmed. Later, higher-quality MR imaging investigations clearly showed a communication between the third ventricle and the sellar cyst through a channel in the tubular pituitary stalk. This observation and knowledge about the embryology of this region suggests that PEIR may be a developmental anomaly caused by failure of obliteration of the distal part of primary embryonal diencephalic evagination. Thus, PEIR is an extension of the third ventricular cavity into the sella.
Although PEIR is a rare anomaly, it is important to identify when planning a procedure on cystic lesions of the sella. Because attempts at removal using the transsphenoidal approach would lead to a communication between the third ventricle and the nasal cavity, a watertight reconstruction of the sellar floor is necessary.
Radiation exposure in the environment of patients after application of radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Boldt F. , Kobe C. , Eschner W. , Schicha H. , Sudbrock F. 
Published: October 2008

Summary
Aim: After application of radiopharmaceuticals the patient becomes a radioactive source which leads to radiation exposure in the proximity. The photon dose rates after administration of different radiopharmaceuticals used in diagnostic nuclear medicine were measured at several distances and different time intervals. These data are of importance for estimating the exposure of technologists and members of the public. Patients, method: In this study dose rates were measured for 67 patients after application of the following radiopharmaceuticals: 99mTc-HDP as well as 99mTcpertechnetate, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 111In-Octreotid and Zevalin® and 123I-mIBG in addition to 123I-NaI. The dose rates were measured immediately following application at six different distances to the patient. After two hours the measurements were repeated and – whenever possible – after 24 hours and seven days. Results: Immediately following application the highest dose rates were below 1 mSv / h: with a maximum at 780 μSv/h for 18F (370 MBq), 250 μSv/h for 99mTc (700 MBq), 150 μSv/h for 111In (185 MBq) and 132 μSv/ h for 123I (370 MBq). At a distance of 0.5 m the values decrease significantly by an order of magnitude. Two hours after application the values are diminished to 1/3 (99mTc, 18F), to nearly ½ (123I) but remain in the same order of magnitude for the longer-lived 111In radiopharmaceuticals. Conclusion: For greater distances the doses remain below the limits outlined in the national legislation.
Manipulation and Control of Micro‐Organic Matter in Architecture
Authors: Pike Steve 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSteve Pike looks to a future in which architects will work alongside microbiologists and mycologists, in much the same way as they now engage with a team of engineering consultants. He explains how, with the merging of the design studio and laboratory, the manipulation and control of micro‐organisms themselves have to take precedence in any successful design and production process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthetic Neoplasms
Authors: Cruz Marcos 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMarcos Cruz explores the cultural precedents for the evolution of synthetic neoplasms ‐ artificial matter and bio‐synthetic flesh composites. He draws on a rich artistic and filmic lineage, ranging from the hybrid forms of 16th‐century Breugel to Patricia Piccinini's more recent mutant creations, and most vividly and perhaps alarmingly the flesh formations of the game‐pods in David Cronenberg's 1999 film eXistenZ. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density Fields in Viscous Bodies
Authors: Klein Tobias 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTaking raw data of a human MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan as a starting point, Tobias Klein reimagines the body in a new viscous stage where the body's inner and outer layers are irrelevant and it becomes a fluctuating variable in concentrated mass and matter. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyborgian Interfaces
Authors: Cruz Marcos 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA synthesis of organic and synthetic parts, the cyborg in film and fiction provides an important means in the digital age by which to question and explore the difference between human and artificial intelligence. As cyberspace becomes ever more pervasive, and invasive, and interfaces become softer, William J Mitchell's vision of plugging the individual's nervous system into electronic organs hastens. Here, Marcos Cruz breathes life into the cyborg in his Cyborgian Interfaces and In‐Wall projects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comfo‐Veg Club
Authors: Cook Peter 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDrawn expressly for this issue of AD, Peter Cook's Comfo‐Veg Club builds on the biological theme and aesthetic of some of his earlier works. A garden and definitely ‘green’, the space is amorphous and ambiguous in every other way. Vegetative, it is soft, draping and melting, ever shifting in its spatial and material qualities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimal Surface Geometry and the Green Paradigm
Authors: Kolatan Sulan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSulan Kolatan introduces two projects by Kol/Mac ‐ INVERSAbrane and MUTEN Galataport ‐ that create a new biological or green paradigm through minimal surface geometry, reinterpreting and reinventing the notion of urban ecology, as defined topologically. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algaetecture and Nonsterile
Authors: Pike Steve 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSteve Pike outlines a series of controlled experiments he embarked upon with microbiologist Conrad Mullineaux, which culminated in a final installation highlighting the potential of a microbiological‐responsive architecture at a human scale. With these experiments, Pike challenges the way in which we commonly understand ‘air’ as a sterile and empty space, exploring the aesthetic implications of it as a mass of densely colonised matter that reflects users' activities via their bacteriological traces. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wonderwall
Authors: Venhoeven Ton 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA lush, verdant mass of vegetation, the Sportplaza Mercator in Amsterdam by Venhoeven Architekten is an integral part of the environment, changing with the seasons. Ton Venhoeven describes how landscape architects Copijn Utrecht's development of the Wonderwall system enabled him to realise his design for this growing structure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
World Expo 2008 Zaragoza
Authors: Garcia Mark 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis summer, Expo 2008 at Zaragoza, in Aragon in Spain, splashed on to the planet with the theme of ‘Water and Sustainable Development’. Though the subject of the exposition was driven by the recent controversies surrounding Spain and Aragon's management of water, Mark Garcia outlines how the Expo investigated these issues in a way that was relevant to the rest of the world, delivering in just three months an impressive contribution to national and international debates about the problems and future of water. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pelli Clarke Pelli
Authors: Merkel Jayne 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCesar Pelli is best known for dramatic skyscrapers, like the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, and big urban complexes with vast glazed interior spaces, like Canary Wharf and the World Financial Center in Battery Park City. But his renamed firm, Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects, is now doing major hospitals and research centres, museums and concert halls, apartment houses, numerous college buildings ‐ even airports. Jayne Merkel explains how he learnt to do memorable work of considerable complexity as she describes what Pelli Clarke Pelli is doing around the world. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Saatchi Gallery/ Duke of York Headquarters
Authors: Littlefield David 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe Duke of York Headquarters in Chelsea, London, has undergone a major rehabilitation. For many years its fine Georgian facade had belied a run‐down and messed‐about interior, inhabited by the offices of the Ministry of Defence. David Littlefield describes how, under the stewardship of the Cadogan Estate and Paul Davis + Partners, this historic structure is now reasserting its dignity, while also accommodating a series of bespoke gallery spaces. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond White Walls
Authors: Domeisen Oliver 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWith the strictures of Modernism behind us, the possibilities of ornament are being rediscovered, but often in a vacuum without method or understanding. Oliver Domeisen describes how in diploma units at the Architectural Association in London ornament is being pursued with a purpose as contemporary digital design and construction techniques are fused with an awareness of grammar and definition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Horizons of User‐Centred Design
Authors: Croci Valentina 
Published: October 2008

AbstractValentina Croci outlines how the new focus on the user in new technologies and human‐computer interaction is moving towards ‘cognitive engineering’. This puts less emphasis on the actual hardware and more on who uses it and how technology can give new meaning to our daily lives, as well as relevant computer interfaces. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved nonlinear fault detection technique and statistical analysis
Authors: Zhang Yingwei , Qin S. Joe 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this article, first, some drawbacks of original Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) and Kernel Independent Component Analysis (KICA) are analyzed. Then the KPCA and KICA for multivariate statistical process monitoring (MSPM) are improved. The drawbacks of original KPCA and KICA are as follows: The data mapped into feature space become redundant; linear data introduce errors while the kernel trick is used; computation time increases with the number of samples. To solve the above problems, the original KPCA and KICA for MSPM are improved: similarity factors of the observed data in the input and feature space are defined; similar characteristics are measured; similar data are removed according to the similarity measurements; and k‐means clustering in feature space is used to isolate different classes. Specifically, the similarity concept of data in one group is first proposed. Applications of the proposed approach indicate that improved KPCA and KICA effectively capture the nonlinearities. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Mechanically stirred single‐stage column for continuous gelation of colloidal systems
Authors: Zaccone Alessio , Wu Hua , Portaluri Andrea , Lattuada Marco , Morbidelli Massimo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA continuous and fast gelation unit, referred to as a single‐stage mechanically agitated gelation column has been proposed to perform gelation of colloidal systems. A fluorinated polymer latex, MFA®, has been used. The column is initially filled with a coagulant solution at a concentration that fully destabilizes the colloid. Under agitation, the colloid is fed continuously to the discharging region of the agitator blades where it forms flocs of gel by mixing with the coagulant. If the density of the colloidal particles is larger than that of water, the flocs settle downward to the bottom of the column and flow out of the unit for further treatment or direct applications. Timescale analysis of the phenomena involved in the column has been carried out to understand the complex interplay between gelation and mixing. Various gelation regimes have been identified, which can interpret the observed gelation behavior in the column. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
A preliminary study of dopamine D4 receptor genotype and structural brain alterations in adults with ADHD
Authors: Monuteaux Michael C. , Seidman Larry J. , Faraone Stephen V. , Makris Nikos , Spencer Thomas , Valera Eve , Brown Ariel , Bush George , Doyle Alysa E. , Hughes Samantha , Helliesen Meghan , Mick Eric , Biederman Joseph 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn emerging literature has demonstrated an association between the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene and volumetric brain abnormalities in children with ADHD. However, these results have not been extended to adults and have not addressed the impact of comorbidity. Our objective was to examine the DRD4 7R gene and volumetric brain abnormalities in adults with ADHD while accounting for comorbidity with bipolar disorder (BPD). Subjects were male and female adult outpatient referrals stratified into two diagnostic groups: 24 with ADHD, 19 with ADHD and BPD, as well as 20 male and female adult community controls without ADHD or BPD. We measured volumes (cm3) of a priori selected brain regions (superior frontal, middle frontal, anterior cingulate, and cerebellum cortices) by structural magnetic resonance imaging. Among adults with ADHD, subjects with the 7‐repeat allele of the DRD4 gene had a significantly smaller mean volume in the superior frontal cortex and cerebellum cortex compared to subjects without this allele. In contrast, no such effects were detected in the adults with ADHD + BPD or controls. Our findings suggest that volumetric abnormalities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum may represent an intermediate neuroanatomical phenotype between DRD4 genotype and the clinical expression of ADHD in adults, but only in ADHD subjects without comorbid BPD. These result support the heterogeneity of ADHD and provides insights as to its underlying pathophysiology. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Jomon skeletons from the Funadomari site, Hokkaido, and its implication for the origins of Native American
Authors: Adachi Noboru , Shinoda Ken‐ichi , Umetsu Kazuo , Matsumura Hirofumi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAncient DNA recovered from 16 Jomon skeletons excavated from Funadomari site, Hokkaido, Japan was analyzed to elucidate the genealogy of the early settlers of the Japanese archipelago. Both the control and coding regions of their mitochondrial DNA were analyzed in detail, and we could securely assign 14 mtDNAs to relevant haplogroups. Haplogroups D1a, M7a, and N9b were observed in these individuals, and N9b was by far the most predominant. The fact that haplogroups N9b and M7a were observed in Hokkaido Jomons bore out the hypothesis that these haplogroups are the (pre‐) Jomon contribution to the modern Japanese mtDNA pool. Moreover, the fact that Hokkaido Jomons shared haplogroup D1 with Native Americans validates the hypothesized genetic affinity of the Jomon people to Native Americans, providing direct evidence for the genetic relationships between these populations. However, probably due to the small sample size or close consanguinity among the members of the site, the frequencies of the haplogroups in Funadomari skeletons were quite different from any modern populations, including Hokkaido Ainu, who have been regarded as the direct descendant of the Hokkaido Jomon people. It appears that the genetic study of ancient populations in northern part of Japan brings important information to the understanding of human migration in northeast Asia and America. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitigating fur seal interactions: relocation from Tasmanian aquaculture farms
Authors: Robinson S. , Terauds A. , Gales R. , Greenwood M. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
At Tasmanian salmon aquaculture farms, fur seals were trapped and relocated to reduce interactions with stock, operations and equipment. From 1990 to 2005, 4517 relocations of 1124 seals were undertaken, peaking at 1203 relocations in 2003.
Of the relocations, 56% were recaptured seals. Most seals had less than 10 captures (46%), with 3% trapped more than 20 times.
Relocations were mostly seasonal, occurring in the austral winter and spring with a peak in August.
Seal recapture intervals were highly variable, ranging from days to years. Within the same year, recapture intervals per seal ranged from 4 to 258 days, mean 36 days.
Australian fur seals were trapped more frequently than New Zealand fur seals. The first trapped New Zealand fur seal was identified in 2000.
Relocation provides short‐term relief from seal interactions but does not mitigate the interaction problem in the longer term.
The core of the seal interaction problem is the current inability to exclude seals from pens and fish stock. Salmon farms are providing a predictable, accessible food source for seals.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Source of Carbon Dioxide for Gastric Acid Production
Authors: Steer Howard 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe source of carbon dioxide for the chemical reaction leading to the production of gastric acid is unknown. The decarboxylation of an amino acid releases carbon dioxide. Pepsinogens provide a rich source of the amino acid arginine. Both the source of carbon dioxide, arginine, and the consequence of arginine decarboxylation, agmatine, have been studied. The site of carbon dioxide production has been related to the survival of the parietal cell. An immunohistochemical study has been carried out on glycol methacrylate embedded gastric biopsies from the normal stomach of 38 adult patients. The sections have been stained using polyclonal antibody to pepsinogen II, polyclonal antibody to agmatine, and polyclonal antibody to Helicobacter pylori. Pepsinogen II and agmatine are found in the parietal cell canaliculi. This is consistent with the production of carbon dioxide from arginine in the parietal cell canaliculi. Evidence is presented for the decarboxylation of arginine derived from the activation segment of pepsinogen as the source of carbon dioxide for the production of gastric acid. The production of carbon dioxide by the decarboxylation of arginine in the parietal cell canaliculus enables the extracellular hydration of carbon dioxide at the known site of carbonic anhydrase activity. The extracellular production of acid in the canaliculus together with the presence of agmatine helps to explain why the parietal cells are not destroyed during the formation of gastric acid. Agmatine is found in the mucus secreting cells of the stomach and its role in acid protection of the stomach is discussed. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.