bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The missing chapter: The interaction between behavioral and symbolic inheritance
Authors: Warlaumont Anne S. , Dale Rick 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA strength of Jablonka & Lamb's (J&L's) book lies in its accessible as well as thorough treatment of genetic and epigenetic inheritance. The authors also provide a stimulating framework integrating evolutionary research across disciplines. A weakness is its unsystematic treatment of the interaction between behavioral and symbolic inheritance, particularly in their discussion of language.
On the concept of animal innovation and the challenge of studying innovation in the wild
Authors: Ramsey Grant , Bastian Meredith L. , van Schaik Carel 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe commentaries have both drawn out the implications of, and challenged, our definition and operationalization of innovation. In this response, we reply to these concerns, discuss the differences between our operationalization and the preexisting operationalization if innovation, and make suggestions for the advancement of the challenging and exciting field of animal innovation.
Search for stable propagation of intense femtosecond laser pulses in gas
Authors: Giulietti A. , Galimberti M. , Gamucci A. , Giulietti D. , Gizzi L.A. , Koester P. , Labate L. , Tomassini P. , Ceccotti T. , D'Oliveira P. , Auguste T. , Monot P. , Martin P. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe report and discuss experimental results on the propagation of CPA pulses of moderately relativistic intensity in gas: they evidence the effects of the precursor pedestals of the main pulse. Details of great interest were observed for the first time with high quality femtosecond 90-degree interferometry. The interferometric data are also correlated with imaging and spectroscopy data of laser pulse transmitted through the gas. The most relevant physical features are confirmed by a numerical code which simulates the laser pulse propagation self-consistently with the ionization of the gas. We found that in this regime, the propagation of the intense femtosecond pulse is basically stable apart from very weak refractive effects. In order to allow propagation at fixed intensity along an optical path larger than the Rayleigh range, we performed a first successful attempt at producing hollow plasma channels able to guide the pulse.
Effects of viscosity in modeling laser fusion implosions
Authors: Manheimer W. , Colombant D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the necessity of including ion viscosity in modeling laser fusion implosions. Using the Naval Research Laboratory one-half Mega Joule laser fusion target as an example, it is shown that for virtually the entire implosion up to maximum compression, and the entire rebound after the implosion, ion viscosity is unimportant. However for about half a nanosecond before peak implosion, ion viscosity can have a significant, but by no means dominant effect on both the one-dimensional flow and on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
Multi-phase equation of state for aluminum
Authors: Lomonosov I.V. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractResults of theoretical calculations and experimental measurements of the equation of state (EOS) at extreme conditions are discussed and applied to aluminum. It is pointed out that the available high pressure and temperature information covers a broad range of the phase diagram, but only irregularly and, as a rule, is not thermodynamically complete; its generalization can be done only in the form of a thermodynamically complete EOS. A multi-phase EOS model is presented, accounting for solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states, as well as two-phase regions of melting and evaporation. The thermodynamic properties of aluminum and its phase diagram are calculated with the use of this model. Theoretical calculations of thermodynamic properties of the solid, liquid, and plasma phases, and of the critical point, are compared with results of static and dynamic experiments. The analysis deals with thermodynamic properties of solid aluminum at T = 0 and 298 K from different band-structure theories, static compression experiments in diamond anvil cells, and the information obtained in isentropic-compression and shock-wave experiments. Thermodynamic data in the liquid state, resulting from traditional thermophysical measurements, “exploding wire” experiments, and evaluations of the critical point are presented. Numerous shock-wave experiments for aluminum have been done to measure shock adiabats of crystal and porous samples, release isentropes, and sound speed in shocked metal. These data are analyzed in a self-consistent manner together with all other available data at high pressure.The model's results are shown for the principal shock adiabat, the high-pressure melting and evaporation regions and the critical point of aluminum. New experimental and theoretical data helped to improve the description of the high-pressure, high-temperature aluminum liquid. The present EOS describes with high accuracy and reliability the complete set of available information.
Integrating Wealth and Power in China: The Communist Party's Embrace of the Private Sector
Authors: Dickson Bruce J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIs privatization in China leading to political change? This article presents original survey data from 1999 and 2005 to evaluate the Communist Party's strategy towards the private sector. The CCP is increasingly integrating itself with the private sector, both by co-opting entrepreneurs into the Party and encouraging current Party members to go into business. It has opened the political system to private entrepreneurs, but still screens which ones are allowed to play political roles. Because of their close personal and professional ties, and because of their shared interests in promoting economic growth, China's capitalists and communist officials share similar viewpoints on a range of political, economic and social issues. Rather than promote democratic governance, China's capitalists have a stake in preserving the political system that has allowed them to prosper, and they are among the Party's most important bases of support.
Rural Households, Dragon Heads and Associations: A Case Study of Sweet Potato Processing in Sichuan Province
Authors: Lingohr Susanne 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn recent years Chinese government policies and research programmes have advocated agricultural industrialization in order to raise demand for farm products, facilitate structural adjustment in agriculture, create rural employment and increase farm incomes. But although agro-industrial activities have become a key feature of China's rural development strategy, the agricultural industrialization policy has been little studied outside China. This article is a case study of the implementation of agricultural industrialization and its impact on rural livelihoods in Sichuan province. It identifies and analyses two major forms of agricultural industrialization: “dragon head enterprises” and “rural associations.” Although agro-industrial development is likely to be a critical determinant of China's future social and economic trajectory, the preliminary analysis given here shows a mixed picture. Positive effects include increases in both income and employment. But there is also a negative dimension, shown by the existence of numerous entry barriers, unequal bargaining power and an uneven distribution of benefits.
Was Japanese Colonialism Good for the Welfare of Taiwanese? Stature and the Standard of Living
Authors: Morgan Stephen L. , Liu Shiyung 
Published: December 2007

AbstractJapanese rule transformed Taiwan from 1895 to 1945, laying the foundations for the post-1950 “economic miracle,” but there is little consensus about the impact on the welfare of Taiwan's ethnic Chinese. A difficulty with past studies is the adequacy of economic indicators to measure the standard of living. Instead of conventional economic data, we use average adult height, an indicator of nutritional status. The rise in the average height of the Chinese indicates welfare improved under colonialism, but the static average height from 1930 highlights the negative effect of the shift in economic policy during the late colonial period.
The Role of Threatening Misinterpretations and Avoidance in Emotional Problems After Loss
Authors: Boelen Paul A. , van den Hout Marcel A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThere is uncertainty about the role of avoidance behaviours in recovery from loss. Some authors have noted that avoidance exacerbates grief, whereas others have claimed that avoidance, at some times during the grieving process, can foster recovery. In the current study, it was hypothesized that avoidance behaviours are particularly detrimental when mourners have threatening misinterpretations about the consequences of confronting the loss, but less detrimental when mourners do not have such misinterpretations. To test this hypothesis, 400 mourners completed questionnaires tapping threatening misinterpretations, avoidance, and complicated grief (CG) and depression. In support of the prediction, situational avoidance, ruminative avoidance, and efforts to maintain ties with the deceased were only linked with depression in those who strongly endorsed misinterpretations. In addition, misinterpretations magnified the associations of ruminative avoidance and efforts to continue ties, with CG. Findings suggest that avoidance interacts with threatening misinterpretations in affecting particular emotional problems after loss.
Sildenafil reduces alcohol‐induced gastric damage: just say ‘NO’
Authors: Duffin R , Shaw C A , Rossi A G 
Published: December 2007

Although sildenafil (Viagra) and other phosphodiesterase V (PDE V) inhibitors are increasingly recognized for their use in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction and perhaps more recently pulmonary artery hypertension, less is known of their potential beneficial effects in other situations. Medeiros et al., in the current issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology, report that sildenafil dramatically reduces alcohol‐induced gastric damage in rats. The authors provide convincing evidence that such protection not only occurs via the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway, but also involves regulation of ATP‐sensitive potassium channels. Therefore, in addition to exerting anti‐impotence efficacy, PDE V inhibitors may provide significant beneficial effects from mucosal injury induced by alcohol. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 153, 623–624; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707642; published online 17 December 2007
Fast Algorithms for Matching CCD Images to a Stellar Catalogue
Authors: Tabur V. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTwo new algorithms are described for matching two dimensional coordinate lists of point sources that are significantly faster than previous methods. By matching rarely occurring triangles (or more complex shapes) in the two lists, and by ordering searches by decreasing probability of success, it is demonstrated that very few candidates need be considered to find a successful match. Moreover, by immediately testing the suitability of a potential match using an efficient mechanism, the need to process the entire candidate set is avoided, yielding considerable performance improvements. Triangles are described by a cosine metric that reduces the density of triangle space, permitting efficient searches. An alternative shape characterization method that reduces computational overhead in the construction phase is discussed. The algorithms are tested on a set of 10 063 wide-field survey images, with fields-of-view up to 4.8° × 3.6°, successfully matching 100% of the images in a mean elapsed time of 6 ms (2.4 GHz Athlon CPU). The elapsed time of the searching phase is shown to vary by less than 1ms for list sizes between 10 and 200 points, demonstrating that fast, robust searches may be completed in nearly constant time, independent of list size.
Serum Pepsinogen Levels,Helicobacter pyloriCagA Status, and Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Gastric Premalignant Lesions in Costa Rica
Authors: Con Sergio A. , Con-Wong Reinaldo , Con-Chin Gil R. , Con-Chin Vicky G. , Takeuchi Hiroaki , Valerín Ana L. , Echandi Guillermo , Mena Fernando , Brenes Fernando , Yasuda Nobufumi , Araki Keijiro , Sugiura Tetsuro 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe detection of gastric premalignant lesions, atrophic gastritis, corpus atrophic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia, using several potential markers was examined in Costa Rica. Depending on the lesion investigated, from a total of 223 dyspeptic patients, 58 (26.0%), 31 (13.9%), or 23 (10.3%) were histologically diagnosed with atrophic gastritis, corpus atrophic gastritis, or intestinal metaplasia, respectively. Sera were used for the measurement of pepsinogen (PG) and Helicobacter pylori CagA antibody (CagA-ab) levels by ELISA, and human genomic DNAs were used for the genotyping of interleukin (IL)-1β (−511 and +3954), IL-10 (−1082 and −592), and IL-1RN intron 2 by PCR and RFLP. Multivariate analysis was done adjusting for sex, age, and H. pylori seropositivity. Low PG levels (L-PG; PG I ≤70 μg/L + PG I/II ≤3), very low PG levels (VL-PG; PG I ≤30 μg/L + PG I/II ≤2), and CagA-ab were individually associated with all premalignant lesions whereas IL-1β +3954T-carrier and IL-1RN homozygous 2 allele were associated with intestinal metaplasia. VL-PG, for corpus atrophic gastritis detection, was the single marker with the highest combination of test characteristics, sensitivity (77.4%), specificity (80.7%), positive predictive value (39.3%), negative predictive value (95.7%), and seropositivity rate (27.4%), expected to improve after periodic measurements. Combined examinations of VL-PG and CagA-ab improved the specificity (92.7%) and positive predictive value (62.2%), with similar sensitivity (74.2%) and negative predictive value (95.7%). In conclusion, corpus atrophic gastritis detection with periodic measurements of serum PG, alone or in combination with CagA-ab status, to identify high gastric cancer risk, seems to be the method best suited for mass screening in Costa Rica. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2631–6)
Predictors of Enrollment into a Familial Cancer Registry by Individuals at High Risk for BRCA1/2
Authors: Graves Kristi D. , Moss Lisa M. , Jasper Camille L. , DeMarco Tiffani A. , Peshkin Beth N. , Isaacs Claudine , Schwartz Marc D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Background: Registries of individuals at risk for hereditary cancer syndromes are an invaluable resource for cancer research, yet little is known about the predictors of enrollment in hereditary cancer registries. We sought to identify the factors that characterize individuals who enroll versus those who decline participation in a Familial Cancer Registry (FCR). We also sought to identify the factors associated with provision of a blood sample to the FCR.
Methods: Participants (n = 549) had a 10% or greater prior probability of having a BRCA1/2 mutation or were members of a family with a known BRCA1/2 mutation.
Results: Of 549 participants, 81.1% (n = 445) enrolled in the FCR and 18.9% (n = 104) declined. Independent significant predictors of FCR participation included: lower anxiety (odds ratio0.5 SD, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.95) and being unaffected with breast or ovarian cancer (odds ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-0.67). Of the 445 FCR participants, 80.4% provided a blood sample whereas 19.6% declined, with blood sample provision predicted by being employed full time (odds ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-2.16).
Conclusion: These findings have implications for the generalizability of results from research using hereditary cancer registry samples. Individuals who are affected with breast/ovarian cancer and have more anxiety are less likely to enroll in a hereditary cancer registry. Clinically, these results indicate that cancer registry enrollment strategies could benefit from the use of tailored approaches to increase the enrollment of individuals that are less likely to participate. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2763–7)
Inherited Predisposition of Lung Cancer: A Hierarchical Modeling Approach to DNA Repair and Cell Cycle Control Pathways
Authors: Hung Rayjean J. , Baragatti Meili , Thomas Duncan , McKay James , Szeszenia-Dabrowska Neonila , Zaridze David , Lissowska Jolanta , Rudnai Peter , Fabianova Eleonora , Mates Dana , Foretova Lenka , Janout Vladimir , Bencko Vladimir , Chabrier Amelie , Moullan Norman , Canzian Federico , Hall Janet , Boffetta Paolo , Brennan Paul 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The DNA repair systems maintain the integrity of the human genome and cell cycle checkpoints are a critical component of the cellular response to DNA damage. We hypothesized that genetic variants in DNA repair and cell cycle control pathways will influence the predisposition to lung cancer, and studied 27 variants in 17 DNA repair enzymes and 10 variants in eight cell cycle control genes in 1,604 lung cancer patients and 2,053 controls. To improve the estimation of risks for specific variants, we applied a Bayesian approach in which we allowed the prior knowledge regarding the evolutionary biology and physicochemical properties of the variant to be incorporated into the hierarchical model. Based on the estimation from the hierarchical modeling, subjects who carried OGG1 326C/326C homozygotes, MGMT 143V or 178R, and CHEK2 157I had an odds ratio of lung cancer equal to 1.45 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.05-2.00], 1.18 (95% CI, 1.01-1.40), and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.14-2.17). The association of CHEK2 157I seems to be overestimated in the conventional analysis. Nevertheless, this association seems to be robust in the hierarchical modeling. None of the pathways seem to have a prominent effect. In general, our study supports the notion that sequence variation may explain at least some of the variation of inherited susceptibility. In particular, further investigation of OGG1, MGMT, and CHEK2 focusing on the genetic regions where the present markers are located or the haplotype blocks tightly linked with these markers might be warranted. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2736–44)
Adduction of Human p53 Gene by Fecal Water: An In vitro Biomarker of Mutagenesis in the Human Large Bowel
Authors: Greetham Hazel L. , Bingham Sheila A. , Burns Philip A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A polymerase arrest assay was designed to determine sites of adduction in the human p53 gene induced by incubation with fecal water. Significant formation of adducts was observed on p53 DNA after a 2-h incubation in fecal water from 10 of 17 samples studied. Large sample-to-sample variation was observed. The major sites of polymerase termination occurred at nucleotides 3′ to guanine residues. Adduct sites coincided with colorectal cancer p53 mutation “hotspots,” highlighting the potential carcinogenicity of fecal material. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2681–5)
Cytokine Genes and Pain Severity in Lung Cancer: Exploring the Influence of TNF-α-308 G/A IL6-174G/C and IL8-251T/A
Authors: Reyes-Gibby Cielito C. , Spitz Margaret , Wu Xifeng , Merriman Kelly , Etzel Carol , Bruera Eduardo , Kurzrock Razelle , Shete Sanjay 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Introduction: Cytokines, aberrantly produced by cancer cells, have recently been implicated in the severity of cancer-related pain. We explored if polymorphisms in candidate cytokine genes could explain variability in self-reported pain in lung cancer patients of all stages.
Methods: Pain, clinical, and demographic variables were assessed at presentation and before any cancer treatment in 446 Whites, 125 African-Americans, and 35 Hispanics with newly diagnosed non–small cell lung cancer. We genotyped functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α -308 G/A), interleukin-6 (IL-6) -174G/C, and IL-8 -251T/A and determined their associations with pain severity.
Results: More African-Americans (35.5%) reported severe pain (score ≥7 on a 0-10 scale) relative to Hispanics (20%) and Whites (17%; P &lt; 0.001). We did not observe any significant association between genotypes in TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 and severe pain for either African-Americans or Hispanics, possibly due to small sample sizes. However, we observed that IL-8 (TT, 13%; TA + AA, 87%; P = 0.04) was significantly associated with severe pain among White patients. Logistic regression analyses showed that after controlling for epidemiologic (age and sex), clinical (stage of disease, comorbidities), and symptom (depressed mood and fatigue) variables known to influence pain severity, variant alleles in IL-8 -251T/A [odds ratio (OR), 2.35; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.10-5.03; P = 0.03] persisted as a significant factor for severe pain for White patients.
Conclusions: In this preliminary analysis, we found evidence of the influence of cytokine genes on pain in White patients with lung cancer. Additional larger studies are needed to validate our findings. The long-term application is to tailored pain therapies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2745–51)
Activated Checkpoint Kinase 2 Expression and Risk for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yoon Angela J. , Shen Jing , Santella Regina M. , Zegarelli David J. , Chen Rongzhen , Weinstein I.B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Background: Phosphoactivation of a DNA damage response molecule checkpoint kinase 2 (pChk2) may be a marker of oral epithelial cells that have entered the precancerous and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) stages. We explored whether there was selective expression of pChk2 in precancerous lesions but not in nonneoplastic tissue of the oral mucosa.
Experimental Design: In a retrospective cohort design, 96 biopsied clinical leukoplakias and erythroplakias with known subsequent progression to SCC were identified from 48 subjects and assigned as the cases group. Expression status of pChk2 was compared with that of the 97 leukoplakias and erythroplakias that did not progress to SCC (control groups) by immunohistochemical analysis. Included in both groups were lesions with histologically confirmed dysplasia and those that lacked histologic evidence of atypia.
Results: Subjects with pChk2-positive but histology-negative (for atypia) lesions had an 8.6 times higher risk of developing SCC compared with those with pChk2-negative and histology-negative lesions. Overall, the presence of detectable pChk2 staining was able to identify lesions at risk of developing SCC within 3 years with a sensitivity of 85.2%, specificity of 74.2%, and predictive accuracy of 78.2% (odds ratio, 19.9; 95% confidence interval, 7.3-55.5).
Conclusion: This is the first study to include histologically nonatypical cases in the analysis of a putative biomarker for oral precancerous lesions. Our data show that pChk2 merits further investigation as a promising biomarker that can discriminate those lesions at risk for developing SCC, regardless of histologic evidence for atypia. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2768–72)