bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carotid artery rupture
Authors: Shumrick Donald A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA carotid artery rupture should never occur. The figures presented strongly indicate that elective ligation of an impending rupture is the procedure of choice; however, this should seldom be necessary if nutritional deficiencies have been corrected; if pre‐operative radiation has been properly planned and timed, and if safe incisions are utilized with dermal graft protection, the carotid artery rupture should not occur, and an impending carotid rupture should become a rare event. The surgeon responsible for the patient must have the courage to resect electively an area of impending rupture and cover the region with a split thickness skin graft or with an adjacent skin flap.
A preliminary report on segmental tracheal prosthetic replacement in dogs
Authors: Wykoff Thomas W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractForty‐six dogs had a five ring segment of their trachea resected and replaced with different prostheses. The different prosthetic combinations are described, and a technique of sutureless anastomosis which eliminated intra‐luminar sutures is reported.The initial prosthetic combinations were developed to provide support for regeneration of the animal's own mucosa. In no cases was there any evidence of migration of mucosa into the prosthetic segment. The animals were sacrificed if they developed any signs of airway impairment or respiratory distress. All post mortem tracheas were examined and photographed.The best results were obtained when the prostheses had a smooth, nonporous artificial lining which was either thin walled stainless steel or shrinkable teflon tubing.Even though this experiment failed to produce a successful long‐term prosthetic tracheal replacement, encouraging results indicate that further experimentation would be worthwhile.
Septal dermoplasty for von willebrand's disease in children
Authors: Letson James A. , Birck Herbert G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe the application of a well known surgical procedure, septal dermoplasty, in children afflicted with the severe form of von Willebrand's disease. This operation allows a lasting control over the child's epistaxis problem and frees it for a meaningful active childhood.
Early vascular insufficiency and the vestibular system
Authors: Berkowitz Wallace P. , Stroud Malcolm H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe early diagnosis of dizziness of vascular origin in the face of few positive historical, physical and clinical findings can be made when mild internuclear ophthalmoplegia in lateral gaze is noted in association with central or peripheral VIIIth nerve involvement. Early symptoms and physical findings are described and certain relevant diagnostic studies recommended. Functional correlation with the central anatomical areas supplied by the vertebral‐basilar artery system are reviewed.
Reconstruction of the canine trachea with urinary bladder wall
Authors: Marshak Gabriel , Porter James H. , McAdams A. James 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn dogs, a cervical tracheal sleeve measuring 8‐10 cm. was replaced with autogenous urinary bladder wall.The critical point of stenting was solved by using a silastic tube around which the bladder wall was wrapped with the mucosal surface facing the neck tissues. Four months later, an osseous neotrachea is formed. This tube is rigid enough to sustain the intratracheal pressure changes and is lined with metaplastic epithelium.
Trigeminal neuralgia: A new surgical approach. (Percutaneous electrocoagulation of the trigeminal nerve.)
Authors: Tew John M. , Mayfield Frank H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPercutaneous electrocoagulation of the trigeminal nerve, a new approach to the surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia promises a satisfactory method for achieving longstanding relief avoiding many of the objectionable side effects associated with other forms of surgical therapy. Careful control of electrical currents permits destruction of the sensory portion of the trigeminal nerve sufficient to relieve pain yet spare touch and motor function in the face. The rational, technique and results associated with the procedure in a substantial series of cases are presented in this report.
Lactose content of tube feeding diets as a cause of diarrhea
Authors: Walike Barbara Caleen , Walike Joseph W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTube feedings are frequently used by otolaryngologists in treating head and neck malignancies and other diseases. Common side effects of these diets include: borborygmi, meteorism, cramping, distention and diarrhea. These may vary from mild gastrointestinal distress to incapacitating diarrhea. This study investigated the role of lactose as a possible cause of diarrhea associated with tube feeding diets. Lactose, the primary carbohydrate of milk, is the basic ingredient of most tube feeding diets.Two identical diets, differing only in the presence or absence of 7 percent lactose, were administered to 11 patients in a double blind fashion. Each diet was given to each patient for approximately 10 consecutive days. The patients were studied in clinical research units where meticulous intake and output and total nitrogen balance studies were possible.Nine of the 11 patients had a significant increase in the frequency of stools and a shift toward a more liquid stool consistency while on the lactose containing diet. Only two of these nine patients revealed a classical intolerance to lactose as indicated by a flat lactose tolerance test. The remaining seven patients had a relative lactose intolerance. This was clinically apparent only when they ingested a large quantity of lactose such as is contained in the usual tube feeding diet.Because lactose is not necessary for adequate nutrition, these data suggest that its elimination in tube feeding diets would result in more comfortable and efficient tube feeding.
A cochlear prosthesis: Further clinical observations; preliminary results of physiological studies
Authors: Michelson Robin P. , Merzenich Michael M. , Pettit C. Robert , Schindler Robert A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA series of simple psychoacoustic studies were conducted on three deaf patients with indwelling scala tympani electrodes to determine better what they hear as a consequence of electrical stimulation. Physiological experiments on cats implanted with a similar electrode were conducted to determine how the sensation heard by these patients is generated and encoded in the auditory nervous system. Some preliminary results of these animal experiments are described. Additional improvements in the surgical implantation procedure are detailed.Results of these studies suggest the following: 1. long‐term intracochlear implantation is technically feasible without unusual complications; 2. mechanical stability of the implant prosthesis has been improved by fixing the implant to the temporal bone with methyl methacrylate cement; 3. with simple periodic electrical stimuli the implanted patients described tonal sensation for frequencies ranging from about 100 Hz to more than 10 kHz; 4. apparent pitch changes rapidly as a function of stimulus frequency at frequencies below about 500 Hz; 5. subjects are able to identify many common environmental sounds and a few words, but conventional speech discrimination is poor; 6. the sound sensation generated by electrical stimulation arises as a consequence of simultaneous excitation of a broad segment of the acoustic nerve; therefore, no “place” coding of the electrical stimuli occurs in the cochlea; 7. if no cochlear place coding occurs then tonal quality ascribed to sounds heard with electrical stimulation at low stimulus frequencies must be encoded by the temporal ordering of discharges in stimulated neurons.
Columellar advancement for nasal tip elevation
Authors: Goode Richard L. , Ross Joel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractV‐Y columellar advancement procedures can be successfully used to re‐elevate depressed nasal tips following trauma or septoplasty, even though a normal length columella exists. The columellar flap, with its lateral darts, produces the necessary long term nasal elevation. Two cases are described that illustrate the technique.
Frozen section diagnosis: Accuracy and errors; uses and abuses
Authors: Saltzstein Sidney L , Nahum Alan M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn a series of 2,665 frozen sections, false‐positive diagnoses of cancer occurred only four times (0.15 percent) and false‐negative diagnoses of cancer 43 times (1.61 percent). In 46 instances, the diagnosis had to wait for paraffin sections.Errors of three types: sampling, interpretive, and communicative — can occur, and sampling errors account for more than half of the errors. The types of lesions which lead to interpretive errors are the very well differentiated malignant tumors which are confused with benign proliferative conditions and the very poorly differentiated malignant tumors which are confused with inflammation. No significant errors of communication occurred in this series.The only indication for a frozen section is the need for an immediate decision requiring immediate action. These decisions may revolve about the nature of the disease, the extent of the disease, biopsy technique, identification of tissue, viability of tissue, or even administrative matters. If a decision will be made or a course of action selected, regardless of the frozen section results, one should not get a frozen section.
Plastic sheeting in tympanoplasty
Authors: Sheehy James L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe goal of tympanoplasty is hearing restoration. One prerequisite for obtaining this objective is a mucosal‐lined air‐filled middle ear space. Silastic and Supramid sheeting are used in selected cases to accomplish this result. In the absence of middle ear mucosa the operation must be performed in two stages.The otologist must have a thorough knowledge of the principles of middle ear surgery and the causes of failure. Careful execution of precise surgical techniques should result in satisfactory hearing in the majority of cases.
The relationship of the fossa of rosenmüller to secretory otitis media
Authors: Compere W. E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA review of the recent literature concerning Eustachian tube dysfunction and chronic secretory otitis media suggests that the function of and pathology in the fossa of Rosenmüller is being overlooked. Pathology in the fossa is a common cause of tubal dysfunction, and its correction is necessary to achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of secretory otitis media.
Middle ear pressures in eustachian tube malfunction: Manometric studies
Authors: Buckingham Richard A. , Ferrer Jose L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe made direct measurements of the difference in pressure between the middle ear and the ambient atmosphere in 300 ears affected with chronic adhesive otitis media (CAOM), serous otitis media (SOM), and similar disorders of the ear caused by eustachian tube malfunction.We utilized a narrow bore, open U‐tube manometer made of No. 205 polyethylene tubing which was connected to a 20 or 22 gauge spinal needle. The needle was passed through the intact tympanic membrane and the displacement of the column of 95 percent alcohol in the manometer was noted and recorded.Our results showed that in 101 ears with CAOM, the average negative pressure difference between the middle ear and the ambient atmosphere was 9 mm 95 percent alcohol, equivalent to 7 mm of H2O.In 136 ears with SOM, the average negative middle ear pressure was 8 mm 95 percent alcohol, equivalent to 6.5 mm H2O.In 80 of the 300 diseased ears we tested, the middle and ambient atmospheric pressures were equal.Direct readings of the middle ear pressure tell us the status of the middle ear ventilation at the moment of the measurement.
Tympanoplasty: Staging the operation
Authors: Sheehy James L. , Crabtree James A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe goals of tympanoplasty are two: elimination of disease and permanent restoration of hearing. A planned two‐stage tympanoplasty is recommended to accomplish these goals in cases with extensive middle ear mucous membrane disease, in cases with absence of all ossicular tissue and in cases in which there is uncertainty regarding the eradication of cholesteatoma.The most satisfactory technique for restoring hearing in cases without ossicular tissue is a cartilage strut to the stapes footplate. To avoid post‐operative sensori‐neural impairment the surgeon should not open the labyrinth while removing middle ear and mastoid disease. Serious consideration should be given to mastoid re‐exploration for residual disease in all cases in which a closed technique is used for mastoid cholesteatoma.The. otologist must have a thorough knowledge of principles of tympanoplasty and must execute the surgical techniques precisely. By so doing, he should be able to restore useful hearing to the majority of his patients.
Incus interposition and the “malleus‐stapes assembly” (a study of type II tympanoplasties at the henry ford hospital)
Authors: Muzaffar Kamil , Nichols Richard D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA retrospective evaluation of 129 Type II tympanoplasties is presented. The aim has been to assess the long term hearing results with reference to the type of reconstruction employed. The maximum follow‐up period is 11 years. Ninety‐four cases were reconstructed by interposing the incus. In 68 of these cases the stapes suprastructure was present, in 26 it was either absent or was bypassed. Thirty‐five cases were reconstructed by the “malleus‐stapes assembly.” Hearing levels for the 68 cases of incus interposition with the stapes intact were from 0‐30 db in 78 percent of patients at one year; 63 percent at two years and 40 percent at four or more years of follow‐up. Similar levels for 26 cases with suprastructure absent were one year, 50 percent; two years, 26 percent; and four years or more, 14 percent. With the “malleus‐stapes assembly” at one‐year, 83 percent had hearing levels between 0‐30 db; two years, 47 percent; over four years, 39 percent.
Glomus tumors in the middle ear. I. An analysis of 46 patients
Authors: Spector Gershon J. , Maisel Robert H. , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractForty‐six cases of glomus tumor involving the middle ear are presented. The average follow‐up period is 7.1 years. Surgical success rate is 73 percent and radiation is 20 percent. As a secondary modality of therapy for persistent or recurrent tumors, the surgical success rate was 71 percent and radiation was 40 percent. The therapeutic failures are described by anatomic location. There were two tumor related deaths. The treatment of choice for glomus tumors and for tumor recurrences or persistences, providing that they do not invade the intracranial cavity, is surgical. A wide excision (including a jugular bulb and vein resection when indicated) is advocated.
Vidian neurectomy: Its results and complications
Authors: Golding‐Wood Philip H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEighteen years of personal experience of Vidian neurectomy by the author's trans‐antral route in 242 patients is fully reviewed with longterm follow‐up.In otherwise intractable and severe cholinergic (non‐atopic) chronic vasomotor rhinitis, Vidian neurectomy has given complete relief in 94 percent of the patients sustained throughout five to 15‐year follow‐up. The operation has proved valuable in most cases with additional evidence of atopy, but the incidence of complete relief falls to 57 percent.Occasional indications in other conditions are discussed with the results obtained.The need for both meticulous case selection and impeccable technique is stressed. Given these, there now seems no significant risk of material complication. Incautious use of an unsuitable probe for diathermy in the pterygoid canal can give 2 percent risk of serious ophthalmoplegia. Such risk is eliminated by proper use of the author's shouldered probes.
Psychological problems in otolaryngology
Authors: Lucente Frank E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOtolaryngology and psychiatry both deal with disorders of communication. Situations which illustrate the overlap between these two disciplines are seen throughout the patient's life cycle. Some of the general areas which are discussed briefly include congenital problems, tonsillectomy and other childhood surgery, adolescent illnesses, cosmetic surgery, head and neck cancer and care of the dying patient. Handling these problems requires attention to both verbal and non‐verbal patterns of communication.
Dysfunctions of energy releasing and consuming processes of the cochlea
Authors: Thalmann R. , Kusakari J. , Miyoshi T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFeatures of energy production and utilization in the cochlea are discussed, with special attention given to the effects of various interferences upon these mechanisms, both with respect to electrophysiologic parameters and with respect to changes in steady state levels of selected metabolites. As a specific example the influence of ethacrynic acid upon the energy metabolism of the stria vascularis is considered. ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations were determined at control conditions and following intoxication with ethacrynic acid using the endolymphatic potential as monitor of functional damage. At the maximum depression of the endolymphatic potential phosphocreatine levels in the stria vascularis were normal and ATP levels slightly reduced; furthermore, if ethacrynic acid intoxicated ears were subjected to the additional stress of ischemia, the decline of both electrophysiologic indicators and high energy phosphates proceeded at a much slower rate. The findings were interpreted as showing that ethacrynic acid reduces the rate of energy consumption, with no significant effects on energy production.
Irrigation handle with temperature sensor and flow control
Authors: Proctor L. R. , Byrnes R. G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA new caloric test irrigation handle incorporating a temperature sensor and flow control valve was found to provide temperature measurements which accurately represented temperature of the irrigation fluid. Fluid temperature within the handle was never more than .06° different from that in the nozzle tip, whereas bath temperatures ranged unpredictably between 0.12° to 0.46° higher. There was a delay of about 10 seconds between a step‐wise change in water bath temperature and the appearance of this change in the irrigation nozzle; there was no measurable delay between registration of temperature change in the handle and in the nozzle. A change of 1.5° in irrigation fluid temperature was found to be erroneously registered in the water bath as 1.8° but correctly registered in the handle.
Nasopharyngeal electrodes in auditory evoked response research
Authors: Peters Jon F. , Reilly Edward L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAuditory evoked responses recorded from central scalp electrodes referred to both ear and nasopharyngeal electrodes, were compared to those recorded from the commonly employed vertex to ear derivation. Consistent responses were recorded from both the central to ear and central to nasopharyngeal combinations which were morphologically quite similar to those from the vertex to ear combination. Minimal responses of prolonged latency were seen in ear to nasopharyngeal derivations.
Air and bone conducted speech reception thresholds
Authors: Merrell Hal B. , Wolfe Donald L. , McLemore Donald C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe negative psycho‐educational effects and the need for early diagnosis and treatment of mild hearing loss in children is documented. Literature is cited which suggests that air and bone conducted speech stimuli may be superior to pure tone stimuli when used to measure the hearing acuity of children. The sparse literature dealing with the use of bone conducted speech stimuli is reviewed.Experimental data obtained from children is presented, which demonstrates that air and bone conducted speech stimuli yield thresholds equivalent to those obtained with pure tones and that thresholds can be obtained faster by using speech stimuli. Pediatric cases are presented which demonstrate that the use of air and bone conducted speech reception thresholds can differentiate conductive and sensori‐neural hearing loss and that reliable speech reception thresholds can frequently be obtained from pediatric patients when pure tone thresholds cannot.The use of air and bone conducted speech reception thresholds is advocated as both an alternative and a complement to traditional pure tone audiometry, particularly with pediatric cases.
Oncocytic and oncocytoid tumors of the salivary glands
Authors: Johns Michael E. , Batsakis John G. , Short Charles D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHistochemistry and electron microscopy have now enabled investigators to define precisely the oncocyte of salivary tissue. By these techniques, all oncocytes are characterized by a rich complement of mitochondria and most often by high oxidative enzyme activity.The routine light microscopic appearance of oncocyte, i.e., swollen and eosinophilic, is in large part due to its increased mitochondrial content but is non‐specific and may be simulated by other cytoplasmic components such as endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomal bodies, secretory granules and other cell organelles.The term, oncocytoid, should be used for cells not fulfilling minimal his‐tochemical requirements for the oncocyte.
Hemangiopericytoma of the parotid gland: A case report with autopsy
Authors: Neal Thomas F. , Starke William R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHemangiopericytoma is a vascular tumor first described by Murray and Stout in 1942 and featuring Zimmerman's pericytes. The tumor is relatively rare and occurs primarily in the skin and musculo‐skeletal system. It is now apparent that this tumor is potentially very malignant and at least half of them metastasize. A case report involving the parotid gland is presented, and pathological and clinical features are described.
The co‐existence of acoustic neuroma and otosclerosis
Authors: Clemis Jack D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDual or multiple pathologic entities simultaneously affecting the same anatomical region presents a blinding challenge to the clinician for an early and precise diagnosis. The co‐existence of acoustic neuroma and otosclerosis in seven patients is analyzed with detailed histories and clinical commentary. The diagnosis of otosclerosis preceeded that of neuroma in all cases. Any unilateral shift in hearing, whether sudden or progressive, is unusual and should provoke suspicion of active retrofenestral (labyrinthine) otosclerosis, perilymph fistula in post stapedectomy cases, labyrinthine ischemia, or neuroma. The literature on these subjects has, therefore, been reviewed and critically discussed in relation to each of the case reports.The association of nasopharyngeal irradiation with acoustic neuroma in Case 4 prompted a search of the literature and summaries of the three previously reported cases of cervical neurofibroma associated with regional irradiation are included.The eighth case is a fascinating corollary to the theme — a woman with von Recklinghausen's disease who has stapedial otosclerosis. Her life has been threatened with malignant degeneration in a peripheral neuroma. Malignant degeneration of neuromas in von Recklinghausen's disease has been reviewed but no report of malignant degeneration in an acoustic neuroma could be found.