bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality in Terrorist Attacks: A Unique Modal of Temporal Death Distribution
Authors: Shapira S. C. , Adatto‐Levi R. , Avitzour M. , Rivkind A. I. , Gertsenshtein I. , Mintz Y. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundTerror‐related multiple casualty incidents (MCI) in Israel since September 2000 have resulted in a new pattern of injury as a result of the mechanisms of trauma. The objective of this study was to asses the temporal death distribution among the civilian casualties in the Jerusalem vicinity during a 3‐year period.MethodsAll terrorist attacks in the Jerusalem district from September 2000 to September 2003 were included in this study. The data of all deaths were processed including the time of the attack, the evacuation time to the hospitals, and the time of death.ResultsDuring the study period 28 terror‐related MCI occurred. A total of 2328 victims were injured and 273 died, for an overall fatality rate of 11.7%. A unique temporal death distribution was identified; 82.8% of the deaths occurred immediately, at the scene of the attack (scene death); of the remaining 17.2% of patients who died in the hospital, half died within 4 hours of arrival (immediate death), one quarter within 5–24 hours (early death), and one quarter later than that (late death). The temporal death distribution was significantly different when classifying the mechanism of trauma to suicide bombings versus shooting. The scene mortality was higher in the suicide bombings than in shooting attacks (86.7% versus 77%, P = 0.039 ). In contrast, the mortality within 1–24 hours was higher in the shooting attacks (17% versus 6.3%, P = 0.05).ConclusionsTerror‐related MCI occurring in civilian settings have a unique temporal death distribution. A very high scene mortality is seen compared to the classical description of Donald Trunkey1 in 1983. The late deaths, which composed 30% of the mortality in civilian settings, comprise only 4.4% of the total mortality in MCIs. A rough estimate of the in‐hospital mortality could be achieved after the first 4 hours, allowing the assessment and distribution of hospital resources. Futile care should be identified early and availability of ICU beds can be calculated according to the immediate mortality.
Is the Quality of Life Better in Patients with Colostomy than Patients with Fecal Incontience?
Authors: Colquhoun Patrick , Kaiser Roberto , Efron Jonathan , Weiss Eric G. , Nogueras Juan J. , Vernava Anthony M. , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundA colostomy offers definitive treatment for individuals with fecal incontinence (FI). Patients and physicians remain apprehensive regarding this option because the quality of life (QOL) with a colostomy is presumably worse than living with FI. The aim of this study, therefore, was to compare the QOL of colostomy patients to patients with FI.MethodsA cross‐sectional postal survey of patients with FI or an end colostomy was undertaken. QOL measures used included the Short Form 36 General Quality of Life Assessment (SF‐36) and the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life score (FIQOL).ResultsThe colostomy group included 39 patients and the FI group included 71 patients. The average FI score for FI group was 12 ± 4.9 (0 = complete continence, 20 = severe incontinence). In the colostomy group the average colostomy function score was 12.9 ± 3.8 (7 = good function, 35 = poor function). Analysis of the SF‐36 revealed higher social function score in the colostomy group compared to the FI group. Analysis of the FIQOL revealed higher scores in the coping, embarrassment, lifestyle scales, and depression scales in the colostomy group compared to the FI group.ConclusionA colostomy is a viable option for patients who suffer from FI and offers a definitive cure with improved QOL.
Re‐evaluation of the relationship between rodent populations and acorn masting: a review from the aspect of nutrients and defensive chemicals in acorns
Authors: Shimada Takuya , Saitoh Takashi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe responses of rodent populations to acorn masting were examined by reviewing 17 studies from the aspect of acorn nutrients and defensive chemicals. Oak species were grouped into three types based on their acorn nutritional characteristics by cluster analysis: Type 1 acorns (two North American red oaks, subgenus Erythrobalanus) were high in tannins and high in fat and proteins (and consequently rich in metabolizable energy); Type 2 acorns (two Japanese evergreen oaks, Cyclobalanopsis; three Japanese deciduous oaks, Lepidobalanus; one North American white oak, Lepidobalanus) were high in tannins but low in fat and proteins; and Type 3 acorns (one Cyclobalanopsis species; seven Lepidobalanus species) were low in tannins and had intermediate levels of fat and proteins. These three acorn groups were nutritionally, and thereby ecologically, not equivalent. Rodents, in general, responded differently to acorn masting depending on their feeding habits and the nutritional characteristics of acorns. Granivorous rodents showed positive responses to masting of Type 1 and 3 acorns, whereas rodents with feeding habits intermediate between granivory and herbivory showed positive responses to masting of Type 3 acorns. In addition, for herbivorous rodents, the responses to masting of any types of acorns have not been reported. The present findings emphasize that the relationship between rodents and acorn masting should not easily be generalized, because there are large variations in characteristics of both acorns and rodents. The viewpoint presented in this review could offer more convincing interpretations to the contradictory observations, found in the studies reviewed, on the response of rodent populations to acorn masting.
Variation in the abundance of sandeels Ammodytes marinus off southeast Scotland: an evaluation of area-closure fisheries management and stock abundance assessment methods
Authors: Greenstreet Simon P.R. , Armstrong Eric , Mosegaard Henrik , Jensen Henrik , Gibb Iain M. , Fraser Helen M. , Scott Beth E. , Holland Gayle J. , Sharples Jonathan 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
In 2000, a sandeel fishery off SE Scotland, which commenced in the early 1990s, was closed in response to concerns that the fishery was having a deleterious effect on seabird breeding performance at colonies in the vicinity of the fishing grounds. Fishery-derived catch per unit effort (cpue) data are used together with three different fishery-independent survey techniques (acoustic, demersal trawl, and nocturnal grab survey) to assess variation in sandeel Ammodytes marinus population biomass in the area over the period 1997–2003, a period that included the last three years that the fishery was operating and the first four years of the sandeel fishing moratorium. Temporal trends in estimates of sandeel biomass derived from these different assessment methods were inconsistent and, on the basis of these alone, it was not possible to determine whether sandeel population biomass in the area had increased following the closure of the fishery. The different survey methods assess different components of the sandeel population; acoustic survey and fishery cpue quantified sandeels active in the water column, whilst demersal trawl survey quantified sandeels buried in the sediments. These data were collected at a time of year when sandeels were moving between the seabed sediments and the overlying water column. A grab survey also quantified sandeels buried in the sediment, but these data were collected at a time of year when the entire population should have been buried in the sediment. Differences between the different time-series were reconciled by taking account of the cumulative total primary production in each year prior to the surveys. On the basis of this, a model was developed that utilized acoustic and demersal trawl survey data to estimate the total sandeel population biomass. This model was validated using the nocturnal grab-survey data. The modelled data indicated that the biomass of sandeels 1+ years old increased sharply in the first year of the closure and remained higher in all four of the closure years than in any of the preceding three years, when the fishery was operating. The biomass of 0-group sandeels in three of the four closure years exceeded the biomass present in the three years of commercial fishing. Whereas the response of 1+ sandeels may have been a direct consequence of the closure, this is not likely to have been the case in respect of 0-group sandeels. The closure appears to have coincided with a period of enhanced recruit production.
A Program Proposal for New Technology Assessment
Authors: Whittenburg Catherine 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACTNew perioperative technology is developing constantly. To ensure the integration of quality, effectiveness, efficacy, and efficiency in patient care, an overall structure to new technology assessment should be implemented. This program for technology assessment, evaluation, and implementation was created to be a cohesive process using both human and monetary resources and to incorporate a cooperative plan used by all services within the mission of the hospital and under the guidance of administrative services. AORN J 61 (Feb 1995) 391–399.
About some traps set by ‘crude’ repertorization methods
Authors: Fichefet J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHomœopathic treatment is individualized. Computerized repertories have been using a number of different methods of selecting medicines. The dangers of simplistic methods are discussed. The theory of voting can be applied to homœopathic repertorization, with different methods producing conflicting results. The logical structure of different procedures and their relationship to the competence of the prescriber is discussed.
Systematic investigation of the decision process in homœopathy
Authors: Liagre R. , Van Haselen R.A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPlans for two pilot studies concerning the homœopathic treatment of chronic and acute otitis media are presented. The intention of these studies is not only to look at the efficacy of the homœopathic treatment as a whole but also to investigate the efficacy of the individualized decision strategies. Based on the homœopathic literature a selection of decision strategies has been made. The reader is asked to criticize and supplement the chosen decision strategies.
Homœopathic treatment of cholera in Peru:
Authors: Gaucher C. , Jeulin D. , Peycru P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe medical charity Homéopaths sans Frontières sent a mission to a shanty town in Peru during the current cholera epidemic. Homœopathic treatment was combined with fluid and electrolyte therapy. Results appeared favourable. A small-scale uncontrolled study is reported. Further studies are being undertaken.
Lac caninum: Anxiety, yearning and inability
Authors: Gnaiger Jutta 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Lac caninum—the best-known milk remedy—points to milk allergy but much more to the early conflict in the mother-child relationship. Any further relationship is ambivalent and unfulfilled. Likewise, the patient remains insecure towards himself, experiencing many fears. These eight case histories are intended to help understand this forgotten medicine which has now become really opportune.
Allergic asthma
Authors: Gnaiger Jutta 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSuccessful treatment with a homœopathic drug may be considered scientific proof. Every cure verifies the hypothesis established in selecting the indicated drug for a particular patient according to the law of similars, for the drug does not act unless it matches the complete range of symptoms presented by the patient in question, covering aetiology, mental symptoms, constitution, the type of disorder involved and local symptoms.Two patients, each with a long history of allergic asthma, are presented. Sepia proved effective, with both patients practically symptom-free for two years. The drug picture of Sepia is discussed with regard to both aetiology and constitution, as are other current views concerning the causes of allergic diseases of the respiratory tract. Noteworthy aspects are suppressed infectious conditions, sycosis (lithaemic and rheumatic diathesis combined) and lack of reactivity.
Homœopathic treatment of patients with adenomas of the prostate
Authors: Simeonova N.K. , Vozianov A.F. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract37 patients with prostatic adenomas were treated with homœopathy for 6–9 months in an open study. Most showed subjective improvement in urinary and sexual function and improved objective measures of urinary function. Testosterone levels rose, but there was no reduction in size of the prostate on ultrasound. Possible modes of action are discussed.
Homœopathic treatment of filariasis
Authors: Mishra N. , Rai Y. , Rakshit G. , Pattnaik N.M. , Subramanyam V.R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA single-blind study was conducted to assess the effect of homœopathic treatment on cases of bancroftian filariasis. Based on the predominant symptom, the filariasis cases were grouped as adenitis, genitalia involvement, lymphoedema and mastitis. Effect of treatment with homœopathic drugs were assessed by comparing with groups treated with placebo. Filiariasis cases treated with homœopathic medicines showed a better improved/not improved ratio (2.0) compared with cases treated with placebo (0.46). The results indicate that the improvements derived from homœopathic medicines are statistically highly significant (p<0.001).
Climbing activity in frogs and the effect of highly diluted succussed thyroxine
Authors: Pongratz W. , Kastberger G. , Wiegant F.A.C. , Haidvogel M. , Endler P.C. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryThe experiments investigate the influence of extremely dilute thyroxine (T4) in special ‘homœopathic’ preparation (dilution T4.30x) on the spontaneous tendency of juvenile frogs to leave the water and climb on land. Climbing activity was suppressed by dilution T4.30x, with statistical significance both in comparison to the effect of the ‘potentized’ preparation of the solvent (dilution H2O.30x) as well as in comparison to the control observations before the start of the treatment. Finally, in the search for optimal treatment duration, it was shown that exposure to the dilutions for even a few minutes sufficed to cause significant effects.
Enuresis and its homoeopathic treatment
Authors: Cortina Jorge 
Published: September 2006

Abstract20 children suffering from enuresis were treated in an open trial with Ilex paraguensis (maté tea). The treatment lasted 2 months. The results were complete disappearance of the enuresis and improvement in the psychological symptoms in 50%. 10% of patients improved at the start of the treatment but relapsed. 40% did not respond to treatment.
Homoeopathic prescribing in the late 19th century
Authors: Leary Bernard 
Published: September 2006

SummaryThe discovery of the records of the London Homoeopathic Hospital dating from 1889 to 1923 has given the opportunity to study prescribing methods in the pre- and post-Kentian periods. In particular, it has given a detailed insight into late 19th century ideas which has not been available before. A pilot study has demonstrated the common remedies employed and their potencies. Further research is needed to determine, if possible, the reasons for selection of remedies and the relative efficacy of the 2 contrasting systems of prescription.
The perennial challenge of anomalies at the frontiers of science
Authors: Rubik Beverly 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe history of science is full of rejections of novel discoveries that challenged the dominant paradigm. The reasons for rejection on the part of the scientific community are discussed. Nonetheless, scientific anomalies are crucial to promoting continuous scientific innovation and breakthroughs. The most challenging anomalies are recognized only after a reasoned explanation has been offered and accepted. Many of these anomalies come from the ‘frontier sciences’, areas of scientific inquiry that are not yet mainstream. The extraordinary obstacles that frontier scientists face are elaborated. In the light of this, strategies are offered toward progress, particularly for research in homoeopathy and low dose bio-effects.Several frontier areas of research in biology and medicine relate to the subtler features of life that seem to defy explanation by conventional molecular mechanism. Frontier scientists working in the areas of consciousness studies, epigenetic inheritance, certain topics in bio-electromagnetics, and homoeopathy and other low dose bio-effects offer science the gift of new questions that go beyond the dominant paradigm of mechanical reductionism. Often regarded as isolated anomalies by the mainstream, the results of their investigations taken collectively show need for a larger paradigm to accommodate them. Biology appears to entering a crisis. Whereas conventional science maintains that biological information is stored and transferred via biomolecular structures such as DNA, the novel frontier findings suggest that other informational signals not attributable to discrete chemical structures may elicit biological effects. These signals may be interacting with a more subtle bioregulatory system that is a property of the whole organism, such as its endogenous electromagnetic field.
General practice management of gastrointestinal problems assisted by Vegatest techniques
Authors: Fox Anthony D. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract90 patients first seen by me in 1989 in whom the primary problem was in the gastrointestinal system were sent a questionnaire to assess a) their immediate progress in 1989 and b) how they have progressed since then. All were assessed for possible food intolerance and the relevant biological medicine using the Vegatest system. Of the 70 patients who replied, 30 (42%) did well initially, 59 (84%) are much improved compared to before treatment. Many had symptoms affecting other organs. A wide range of non-tolerated foods were encountered.
The nails and diagnosis in homœopathy
Authors: Bouko Levy Michel M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe nails are continuously growing structures which reflect many aspects of the body's functions. The anatomy and physiology of the nails is described. Abnormal appearances of the nails are described in terms of: General appearance, form, colour, structural abnormalities and nail biting. The implications of various appearances of the nails of different digits for prescribing are described.
What is allopathy?
Authors: Stewart T.F. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryThis paper has indicated that modern scientific medicine is quite different from “allopathy” which was originally defined as suppression of disease symptoms by an agent producing the opposite symptoms.The term Homœopathy does not express cure and it is suggested that a new term such as Symptom Stimulation Cure or the initials S.S.C. might be more acceptable.Hahnemann's four original examples of allopathic treatment, i.e., laxatives, blood letting, alkalis and opiates are discussed in the light of modern medicine which confirms his criticisms of this method, which is not the best in acute illness and is harmful in chronic disease.Drug addiction and the abuse of mood altering drugs are given as examples of the dangers of allopathic practice today.Modern scientific medicine has accepted most of what Hahnemann taught, but still refuses to consider the minimal dose.
Emotional stress in the aetiology of cancer
Authors: Hamilton James 
Published: September 2006

Summary1 This paper is based on a study of sixteen patients suffering from various forms of cancer. These patients were found in general practice.2 In these patients the malignant disease was found in breasts, stomach, colon, rectum, uterus, larynx and lungs.3 It was found that these sixteen patients had histories of both somatic and psychological illnesses for varying periods before the presence of cancer was detected. None had a clean bill of health before the onset of cancer.4 A study and assessment of the personalities of the patients were made. These referred to the periods before and during the development of cancer.5 The presence of psychological symptoms resulting from emotional stress previous to the development of cancer was noted in all cases.6 It was noted that in many patients, the symptoms of cancer developed gradually and were aggravated during periods of severe emotional distress.7 The psychological stress produced symptoms predominantly related to fear, anxiety, apprehension, grief and depression, anger and resentment.8 The hypothesis that, from a study of these sixteen patients, cancer may have the characteristics of a psychosomatic disease, was explored.9 It would appear from the evidence of these cases that a more detailed scientific study of cancer cases would be profitable, to asses with greater precision the hypothesis that unpleasant emotional stress plays a part in the aetiology of at least some forms of cancer.
The signature of the planet Mercury in plants
Authors: Fyfe Agnes 
Published: September 2006

Summary• Plant sap tests made at the times of constellations of the planet Mercury show cup forms which are comparable with those that can be produced by adding mercury salts in solution to the gold reagent.• The cup form appears to be specific to the planet Mercury and the metal of the same name.• This connection is demonstrable only as it works in plant saps.• The cup forms appear prior to constellations, disappear during their course and reappear afterwards. These events seem to enhance the forces of the planet.• In cases of doubt, the “true” moment of a constellation can be determined from the plant test.• Constellations are never repeated under the same circumstances in the heavens. Because of this, variations appear each time in the pictures, and the duration of planetary influence on the plant also varies.• Some conditions are favourable, other unfavourable for the observation of the Mercury influence.• Many years' observation of how the world of the stars is reflected in mistletoe sap makes it possible to forecast the probable quality of the sap from plants picked at a future date, so that the most favourable days may be chosen for gathering mistletoe for therapeutic use.Favourable as a rule are: constellations that take place when they can run their course undisturbed by others, and also the times when the planet is at elevation.Unfavourable as a rule: closely following sequences of constellations especially where the Moon is involved and likely to be strong in effect.
The effect of copper sulphate on the growth of the alga Chlorella
Authors: Moss Victor A. , Roberts J. Alan , Keith H. , Simpson L. 
Published: September 2006

Summary• The actions of dilutions and potencies of copper sulphate on the growth of Chlorella were studied in order to determine whether a potency of copper sulphate was beneficial to a culture of Chlorella which had been poisoned by copper sulphate.• The growth rate of Chlorella in Chu 10 culture medium was greatly reduced by a concentration of copper sulphate of 10−5 Molar (M). Algae grown in Moyse culture medium, which contain 3·2×10−7 M copper sulphate, were less sensitive to copper sulphate. Chlorella whose growth had been inhibited by copper sulphate was, when resuspended in fresh culture medium, more sensitive to further added copper sulphate than normal algae.• Potencies of copper sulphate prepared in the laboratory, in the concentration range 4c (4×10−8 M) to 15c had no effect on the growth of either normal or poisoned algae.• Several batches of a 15c potency prepared by A. Nelson & Co., Ltd. increased the rate of growth of both unpoisoned and poisoned algae. These results are attributed to the fact that the batches of potency contained a general growth stimulant, rather than to a stimulatory homœopathic action of the potency itself which would have affected the poisoned algae only.