bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Self‐Assembly of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocoronenetetracarboxylic Acid Diimide Analogues: Photocyclization of N‐Heterocycle‐Substituted Perylene Bisimides
Authors: Li Yongjun , Li Yuliang , Li Junbo , Li Cuihong , Liu Xiaofeng , Yuan Mingjian , Liu Huibiao , Wang Shu 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNovel dibenzocoronenetetracarboxylic acid diimide analogues and naphthoperylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide analogues containing imidazole, 1,2,4‐triazole, and pyrazole rings embedded as functional constituents within the parent hydrocarbon backbone have been synthesized. The π‐rich and π‐poor heterocycles have different influences on the physical properties of the parent benzocoronenetetracarboxylic acid diimide and naphthoperylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide systems. The π‐rich 3 was able to self‐assemble into one‐dimensional nanostructures through strong π–π stacking, whereas the π‐poor 8 lacked the one‐dimensional self‐assembly capability, thus offering the potential to control the self‐assembly capability of the π‐conjugated perylene core by decoration with N‐heterocycles.
Cytologic diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration: A review
Authors: Chang Fuju , Chandra Ashish , Culora Giuseppe , Mahadeva Ula , Meenan John , Herbert Amanda 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPrecise localization and diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) is important, because pancreatic PETs have different clinical and biological behavior and treatment modalities than do exocrine pancreatic tumors. In contrast to the much more common exocrine adenocarcinomas, cytologic studies of PET are relatively rare and many cytopathologists lack experience with the cytomorphologic features of these tumors.During the last 10 yr, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) has matured into an accurate, highly sensitive, and cost‐effective modality for the preoperative localization of pancreatic PETs. This has resulted in an increased number of PETs first sampled as cytology specimens. This manuscript focuses on the cytomorphologic features most suggestive of pancreatic PETs, differential diagnosis, and diagnostic pitfalls of PETs. The technical development of EUS‐guided FNA and the ancillary studies for pancreatic PETs are also reviewed.The data summarized in this review indicate that EUS‐FNA is a valuable method in the recognition of pancreatic PETs and in most cases cytopathologists could reach a correct diagnosis of these tumors, including their hormone producing capability on aspirated cytologic material. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:649–658. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dutch solutions for liquid‐based cytology: Analysis of unsatisfactory slides and HPV testing of equivocal cytology
Authors: Boon Mathilde E. , Rijkaart Dorien C. , Ouwerkerk‐Noordam Elisabeth , Korporaal Hans 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe liquid‐based techniques to obtain microscopy slides for cervical screening have replaced conventional smears almost completely in the USA, but not in all European countries. The decision making process to use liquid‐based cytology (LBC) for nationwide screening programs depends on the health system. In a pilot study of over 7,000 screenees, we analyzed the unsatisfactory LBC slides and tested the equivocal cytologies for HPV by using the LiPA test. For comparison over 48,000 conventional screening data were used. Compared to conventional smears, the LBC slides were highly cellular, the state of fixation was much better, and obscuring blood did not exist. The unsatisfactory rate showed an increase from 262/100,000 (conventional smears) to 357/100,000 (LBC slides) due to too thick, undiagnosable epithelial fragments on the LBC slides. HPV testing of the equivocal cytology leads to a better patient management and less unnecessary referrals. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:644–648. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
K‐Ras and microsatellite marker analysis of fine‐needle aspirates from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas
Authors: Schoedel Karen E. , Finkelstein Sydney D. , Ohori N. Paul 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPreoperative diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions is difficult despite the combination of cytomorphology, radiographic imaging characteristics, and fluid tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) represent a subset of preinvasive pancreatic cystic neoplasms and are associated with accumulated genetic mutations, especially K‐ras and tumor suppressor genes such as p53. Application of molecular techniques to cyst fluid obtained by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUSFNA) may contribute to preoperative assessment.Sixteen patients with pancreatic cystic lesions had cyst fluid obtained by preoperative pancreatic EUSFNA or intraoperative aspiration. All patients subsequently underwent surgical resection of the pancreas and IPMN was documented in all (6 adenomas, 6 borderline tumors, and 4 carcinomas). DNA was extracted from the cyst fluids and mutational analysis for K‐ras point mutations and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis using a preselected panel of genomic loci were performed. LOH was observed in 3 of 4 carcinomas as compared to 4 of 11 adenomas and borderline lesions (1 was QNS). LOH and K‐ras mutations were both acquired in 2 of 4 carcinomas and in 1 of 12 adenoma/borderline lesions.Although the study is small, molecular analysis for LOH and K‐ras mutations is useful in the preoperative evaluation of cystic pancreatic lesions. Increasing degree of neoplasia appears to correlate with increased genetic abnormality using a panel of selected genomic markers. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:605–608. © 2006 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown, part 1: Cytomorphological appearance
Authors: Shimizu Keiko , Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Ogura Seiko , Miyake Yasuyuki , Ohno Eiji , Sakurai Takaki , Moriya Takuya , Sakurai Masami 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEndometrial carcinoma is the most common invasive neoplasm of the female reproductive tract. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of these lesions and its precursor by endometrial cytology is now accepted in Japan and regarded as an effective primary method of evaluating endometrial pathology (atypical hyperplasia or carcinoma). Careful cytomorphologic evaluation of the abnormal endometrial lesions has made possible an accurate and reproducible microscopic assessment. The current study was conducted to determine the significance of endometrial cytology on disordered endometrium associated with anovulation when compared with endometrial hyperplasia. From January 1998 through April 2004, 144 cases on which histopathological diagnoses were obtained by endometrial curettage after taken direct endometrial sample by Endocyte. The materials comprise 49 cases of normal proliferative endometrium, and 63 cases of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia were prepared as control cases. The cytomorphology was examined involving so‐called endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown (EGBD). EGBD cases evidenced significant numbers of stromal cells condensed and formed compact nests with hyperchromatic nuclei and little or no cytoplasm. They were often associated with fragmented clusters of endometrial glands with condensed cluster of stromal cells.Both the fragmented cluster of endometrial glands and condensed cluster of stromal cells are a characteristic cytologic feature of EGBD endometrium on the cyto‐architectural diagnosis. The combination of these cellular patterns is highly specific to this abnormal pathological condition in EGBD endometrium. To improve the accuracy of the cytodiagnosis, it is important that the cytology of the EGBD endometrium should be diagnosed negative; as a result, we can achieve successful endometrial cytology with cyto‐architectural criteria for the endometrial pathology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:609–613. © 2006 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Commentary on ‘Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding’, with response from the review authors
Authors: Waters Elizabeth , Doyle Jodie 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Dyson L, McCormick F, Renfrew MJ. Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001688. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001688.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summary of ‘Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children’
Authors: Milne Andrea 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Smith S, Demicheli V, Di Pietrantonj C, Harnden AR, Jefferson T, Matheson NJ, Rivetti A. Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004879. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004879.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Expert Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding’
Authors: van Dalen Elvira , Offringa Martin , Kremer Leontien 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review, published in this issue, first published as: Dyson L, McCormick F, Renfrew MJ. Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001688. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001688.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Expert Commentary articles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and evaluation of the cache coherent multistage interconnection network with temporary directory
Authors: Midorikawa Takashi , Sumiyoshi Masato , Tanabe Yasuki , Amano Hideharu 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAlthough cache control mechanisms for use in multiprocessors that use a multistage interconnection network (MIN) as the interconnecting network have been proposed in which a directory or the cache itself is built into the switches in the MIN, the structure of the switches in these methods have been complex and there therefore remains room for improvement. Our research group has therefore proposed a MIN with directory cache switch (MINDIC) that implements cache control by only building small‐ capacity directory caches into the switches. This paper reports on the results of evaluating MINDIC using a clock level simulator. The results reveal that MINDIC is able to achieve a level of cache control efficiency that is equal to that of a full map directory management scheme by setting the number of entries in the MINDIC directory caches to approximately 2048 entries. The results also show that the amount of memory required for the directory can be greatly reduced by MINDIC. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(9): 11–23, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20301
Impaired regulatory T cell function in germ‐free mice
Authors: Östman Sofia , Rask Carola , Wold Agnes E. , Hultkrantz Susanne , Telemo Esbjörn 
Published: August 2006

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for the maintenance of tolerance to auto‐antigens and harmless exogenous antigens. Here, we studied the role of the commensal microbiota for the development and function of Treg. CD4+CD25+ T cells were obtained from peripheral lymph nodes (PLN) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of germ‐free (GF) and conventional (conv) NMRI mice and tested for phenotype and functional suppressive capacity. CD4+CD25+ T cells from GF mice showed a lower relative gene expression of fork head box p3 gene (Foxp3) and were not as potent suppressors in vitro as CD4+CD25+ T cells from conv animals. Intracellular staining for Foxp3 and CTLA‐4 revealed proportional and regional differences in putative Treg subsets between conv and GF mice. Fewer of the CD4+CD25+ T cells in GF MLN expressed Foxp3 and CTLA‐4, while the expression of these markers was similar amongst the CD4+CD25+ T cells in PLN of conv and GF mice. The largest difference between conv and GF Treg was observed in the liver draining celiac lymph node, where GF mice had fewer putative Treg as compared to conv mice. We propose that the presence of a microbial flora favors the development of a fully functional Treg population.
A Cationic Order‐Disorder Phase Transition in KPb2Cl5
Authors: Velázquez Matias , Ferrier Alban , Pérez Olivier , Péchev Stanislas , Gravereau Pierre , Chaminade Jean‐Pierre , Moncorgé Richard 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe phase transition occurring at Tt = 528 K in the natural mineral and synthetic laser host compound KPb2Cl5 has been characterized by means of both single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) as a function of temperature and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The K+ and Pb2+(2) cations order on passing from the high‐temperature orthorhombic phase (space group Pmcn; a = 8.951, b = 8.015, c = 12.683 Å, Z = 4 at 623 K) to the low‐temperature monoclinic one (space group P21/c; a = 8.849, b = 7.918, c = 12.472 Å, β = 90.11°, Z = 4, at room temperature), leading to a group‐subgroup first‐order phase transition displaying moderately fast kinetics and low entropy production upon thermal cycling around Tt. The positional entropy calculated from our crystal structure models corresponds to the transition entropy measured by DSC within the experimental error, and amounts to about 0.34 R. The driving force for the phase transition, A ≤ 22 J mol–1, remains negligible with respect to both the thermal energy at Tt (RTt ≈ 4.4 kJ mol–1) and the transition latent heat (ΔH ≈ 790 J mol–1), thereby suggesting that this phase transition is a close‐to‐equilibrium process. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
An Asymmetric, Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of O‐Acetylcyanohydrins
Authors: Belokon Yuri N. , Blacker A. John , Clutterbuck Lisa A. , Hogg David , North Michael , Reeve Christopher 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA one‐pot chemo‐enzymatic synthesis of highly enantiomerically enriched O‐acetylcyanohydrins has been developed. The bimetallic (salen)titanium complex 1 is used to convert aldehydes into nonracemic (R)‐O‐acetylcyanohydrins with 61 to 93 % enantiomeric excess. A lipase enzyme is then used to hydrolyse the unwanted (S) enantiomer of the product, leaving (R)‐O‐acetylcyanohydrins with 80 to >99 % enantiomeric excess and in 75 to 96 % overall yield. Of ten lipase enzymes investigated, Candida antarctica lipase‐B (CAL‐B) has been shown to be the most suitable and the conditions for its use have been optimised. Although no single solvent has been found in which both catalyst 1 and CAL‐B gave high reaction rates and enantioselectivities, two procedures to allow their sequential use without purification of the O‐acetylcyanohydrin produced by catalyst 1 have been developed. In the first of these, the reaction with catalyst 1 is carried out in dichloromethane which is then removed and replaced with methyl tert‐butyl ether prior to addition of the enzyme. In the second procedure, the first reaction is carried out in concentrated dichloromethane solution, and this is then just diluted with methyl tert‐butyl ether prior to addition of the lipase. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Chromium(VI) by Thionin: Electrochemical Properties and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Salimi Abdollah , Amini Nader , Danyali Habibollah , Hallaj Rahman 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe electrochemical properties of aqueous thionin (an electroactive water soluble dye) of pH 1–12 were investigated by cyclic voltammetry at a boron doped diamond(BDD) electrode. A well defined reversible redox couple was observed in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions. The standard potential and kinetic parameters for thionin were obtained by fitting experimental cyclic voltammograms to those generated by the DigiSim program. The electrogenerated reduced form of thionin has been used as an efficient organic catalyst for the reduction of Cr(VI) at a BDD electrode immersed in aqueous media. The cyclic voltammetry measurements indicate that an electrocatalytic process occurs, where electrochemically generated thionin reduced species (Leucothionin) is oxidized by Cr(VI) back to the parent thionin species via a EC' reaction mechanism. The determination of catalytic rate constant (Kcat) was accomplished again by fitting experimental cyclic voltammograms with simulated ones.
UV‐Visible and Electrochemical Monitoring of Carbon Monoxide Release by Donor Complexes to Myoglobin Solutions and to Electrodes Modified with Films Containing Hemin
Authors: Obirai Joseph C. , Hamadi Sarah , Ithurbide Aurélie , Wartelle Corinne , Nyokong Tebello , Zagal José , Top Siden , Bedioui Fethi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis study reports on the evaluation of the CO donating behavior of tricarbonyl dichloro ruthenium(II) dimer ([Ru(CO)3Cl2]2) and 1,3‐dimethoxyphenyl tricarbonyl chromium (C6H3(MeO)2Cr(CO)3) complex by UV‐visible technique and electrochemical technique. The CO release was monitored by following the modifications of the UV‐visible features of MbFe(II) in phosphate buffer solution and the redox features of reduced Hemin, HmFe(II), confined at the surface of a vitreous carbon electrode. In the latter case, the interaction between the hemin‐modified electrode and the released CO was seen through the observation of an increase of the reduction current related to the FeIII/FeII redox process of the immobilized porphyrin. While the ruthenium‐based complex, ([Ru(CO)3Cl2]2), depended on the presence of Fe(II) species to release CO, it was found that the chromium‐based complex released spontaneously CO. This was facilitated by illuminating and/or simple stirring of the solution containing the complex.
Gold Nanoparticles Doped Three‐Dimensional Sol‐gel Matrix for Amperometric Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Immunosensor
Authors: Chen Jin , Yan Feng , Tan Fang , Ju Huangxian 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA novel electrochemical immunosensor for human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) was proposed by immobilization of hCG in gold nanoparticles doped three‐dimensional (3D) sol‐gel matrix and an interfacial competitive immunoreaction. The 3D organized composite structure was prepared by assemble of gold nanoparticles into a hydrolyzed (3‐mercaptopropyl)‐trimethoxysilane sol‐gel matrix, which showed good biocompatibility. After the interfacial competitive immunoreaction the formed HRP‐labeled immunoconjugate showed good enzymatic activity for the oxidation of o‐phenylenediamine by H2O2. With a competitive format, a method comprising of o‐phenylenediamine‐H2O2‐immobilized HRP labeled hCG immunoconjugate system for immunoassay of hCG from 5.0 to 30.0 mIU mL−1 was developed. The immunosensor showed good precision, high sensitivity, acceptable stability and reproducibility and could be used for detection of hCG in human serum with the consistent results in comparison with those obtained by a commercial analyzer.
Effects of Electroplating Variables on the Voltammetric Properties of Bismuth Deposits Plated Potentiostatically
Authors: Królicka Agnieszka , Bobrowski Andrzej , Kowal Andrzej 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAn attempt is made to describe the electrochemical properties of bismuth films, plated in‐situ on glassy carbon in acetic buffer, over a broad range of deposition potentials. It is shown that accumulation during anodic stripping voltammetric determination of lead and zinc at the bismuth film electrode depends to a large extent on the electrolyte composition and the plating parameters. The influence of the plating potential on Pb deposition is moderate, but it could not be disregarded during Zn quantification. The sources of electrode poisoning effects are discussed in detail. Voltammetric studies are complemented by AFM microscopic observations.
Amperometric Detection of Sulfide: An Electrocatalytic Reaction with Ferrocene Carboxylate
Authors: Lawrence Nathan S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe electrocatalytic oxidation of sulfide and sulfhydryl thiol species by ferrocene carboxylate at both glassy carbon and boron doped diamond electrodes is examined. The enhancement in the oxidative current recorded in the presence of sulfide, allowed linear ranges up to 1 mM for sulfide detection to be achieved. In the absence of the mediator, no defined oxidation wave was observed for the direct oxidation of sulfide. Furthermore, the use of hydrodynamic voltammetry produced a limit of detection of 2 μM. The procedure was applied to the recovery of a sulfide spike in river water, with a recovery of 104% obtained.
A PVC/TTF‐TCNQ Composite Electrode for Use as a Detector in Flow Injection Analysis
Authors: Cano Manuel , Palenzuela Beatriz , Rodríguez‐Amaro Rafael 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA new polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/tetrathiafulvalene‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF‐TCNQ) composite electrode was prepared and tested for electroanalytical performance. Different PVC/TTF‐TCNQ–graphite proportions were used in order to obtain the best possible detector for accommodation in a wall‐jet electrochemical cell of use in flow injection analysis. A PVC/TTF‐TCNQ w/w ratio of 1/10 provided the best results in terms of sensitivity, coefficients of variation and mechanical resistance. The voltammetric and flow‐injection amperometric detection responses of the electrode to ascorbic acid (AA) were measured and compared with those of a PVC–graphite electrode. The resulting electrode provided good electrode kinetics with a low background current and a relatively reproducible signal. In addition, the electrode can be readily prepared and its surface readily renewed.
Rapid Pretreatment of a Solid Silver Electrode for Routine Analytical Practice
Authors: Baś Bogusław , Jakubowska Małgorzata , Kowalski Zygmunt 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA very fast electrochemical method for renovation of solid electrodes and storage of the electrodes in a ready for use state, as well as necessary original hardware, is presented in this work. The device has the shape of a cylindrical container with a volume of about 3–5 mL filled with an electrolyte solution in which auxiliary and reference electrodes are placed. It may be fastened in a typical electrochemical cell. The method relies on suitable electrode polarization in the device. During the renovation process, the electrode is inside the device and immediately after the activation, it is moved into the tested solution where the measurement is realized.