bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and antimicrobial-resistant patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among burn patients attending Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Abdi Fedasan Alemu , Motumma Abdi Negash , Kalayu Alem Abrha , Abegaz Woldearegay Erku 
Published: March 2024

Background
Burns are one of the most common forms of trauma globally. P. aeruginosa plays a prominent role as an etiological agent among burn patients. There is a paucity of information about the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa among burn patients in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was designed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial-resistant patterns of P. aeruginosa among burn patients attending Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College among burn patients from November 2020 to April 2021. Identification of P. aeruginosa was performed using Culture, Biochemical tests, and, Gram staining. Antimicrobial resistance testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Logistic regression was computed to determine associated factors.

Results
From 210 burn wound cultures, 27 (12.86%) were found positive for P. aeruginosa. All the isolates showed greater than 70% susceptibility to the tested antibiotics except Gentamycin, Ceftazidime, and, Ciprofloxacin. In addition, 33.33% of P. aeruginosa isolates were multidrug-resistant. Admission type, Hospital stay time and Total body surface area (TBSA) had a statistically significant association (all with P-value <0.05) with the acquisition of P. aeruginosa infection.

Conclusion
Overall, the prevalence of P. aeruginosa isolates among burn patients is almost 13%. Most P. aeruginosa isolates were sensitive to Imipenem, while they were most resistant to Gentamycin. One-third of P. aeruginosa were multidrug-resistant. This suggests the need to monitor the treatment of infection with the pathogen to limit the possibility of the emergence of multidrug-resistant isolates in burn centers.
Comparison of neoadjuvant treatment and surgery first for resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic carcinoma: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Huan Lu , Yu Fucai , Cao Ding , Zhou Hantao , Qin Maoling , Cao Yang 
Published: March 2024

Background
Current treatment recommendations for resectable or borderline pancreatic carcinoma support upfront surgery and adjuvant therapy. However, neoadjuvant therapy (NT) seems to increase prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma and come to everyone’s attention gradually. Randomized controlled trials offering comparison with the NT are lacking and optimal neoadjuvant treatment regimen still remains uncertain. This study aims to compare both treatment strategies for resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.

Methods
The PRISMA checklist was used as a guide to systematically review relevant peer-reviewed literature reporting primary data analysis. We searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Datebase and related reviews for randomized controlled trials comparing neoadjuvant therapy with surgery first for resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic carcinoma. We estimated relative hazard ratios (HRs) for median overall survival and ratios risks (RRs) for microscopically complete (R0) resection among different neoadjuvant regimens and major complications. We assessed the effects of neoadjuvant therapy on R0 resection rate and median overall survival with Bayesian analysis.

Results
Thirteen eligible articles were included. Eight studies performed comparison neoadjuvant therapy with surgery first, and R0 resection rate was recorded in seven studies. Compared with surgery first, neoadjuvant therapy did increase the R0 resection rate (RR = 1.53, I2 = 0%, P< 0.00001), there was a certain possibility that gemcitabine + cisplatin (Gem+Cis) + Radiotherapy was the most favorable in terms of the fact that there was no significant difference concerning the results from the individual studies. In direct comparison, four studies were included and estimated that Neoadjuvant therapy improved mOS compared with upfront surgery (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.58–0.92; P = 0.012; I2 = 15%), after Bayesian analysis it seemed that regimen with Cisplatin/ Epirubicin then Gemcitabine/ Capecitabine (PEXG) was most likely the best with a relatively small sample size. The rate of major surgical complications was available for six studies and ranged from 11% to 56% with neoadjuvant therapy and 11% to 45% with surgery first. There was no significant difference between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery first, also with a high heterogeneity (RR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.65–1.43; P = 0.85; I2 = 46%).

Conclusion
In conclusion neoadjuvant therapy might offer benefit over up-front surgery. Neoadjuvant therapy increased the R0 resection rate with gemcitabine + cisplatin + Radiotherapy that was the most favorable and improved mOS with Cisplatin/ Epirubicin then Gemcitabine/ Capecitabine (PEXG) that was most likely the best.
Diagnostic and antibiotic use practices among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients in the Indonesian National Referral Hospital
Authors: Sinto Robert , Lie Khie Chen , Setiati Siti , Suwarto Suhendro , Nelwan Erni J. , Karyanti Mulya Rahma , Karuniawati Anis , Djumaryo Dean Handimulya , Prayitno Ari , Sumariyono Sumariyono , Sharland Mike , Moore Catrin E. , Hamers Raph L. , Day Nicholas P. J. , Limmathurotsakul Direk 
Published: March 2024

Background
Little is known about diagnostic and antibiotic use practices in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) before and during COVID-19 pandemic. This information is crucial for monitoring and evaluation of diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardships in healthcare facilities.

Methods
We linked and analyzed routine databases of hospital admission, microbiology laboratory and drug dispensing of Indonesian National Referral Hospital from 2019 to 2020. Patients were classified as COVID-19 cases if their SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result were positive. Blood culture (BC) practices and time to discontinuation of parenteral antibiotics among inpatients who received a parenteral antibiotic for at least four consecutive days were used to assess diagnostic and antibiotic use practices, respectively. Fine and Grey subdistribution hazard model was used.

Results
Of 1,311 COVID-19 and 58,917 non-COVID-19 inpatients, 333 (25.4%) and 18,837 (32.0%) received a parenteral antibiotic for at least four consecutive days. Proportion of patients having BC taken within ±1 calendar day of parenteral antibiotics being started was higher in COVID-19 than in non-COVID-19 patients (21.0% [70/333] vs. 18.7% [3,529/18,837]; p<0.001). Cumulative incidence of having a BC taken within 28 days was higher in COVID-19 than in non-COVID-19 patients (44.7% [149/333] vs. 33.2% [6,254/18,837]; adjusted subdistribution-hazard ratio [aSHR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47–1.99, p<0.001). The median time to discontinuation of parenteral antibiotics was longer in COVID-19 than in non-COVID-19 patients (13 days vs. 8 days; aSHR 0.73, 95%Cl 0.65–0.83, p<0.001).

Conclusions
Routine electronic data could be used to inform diagnostic and antibiotic use practices in LMICs. In Indonesia, the proportion of timely blood culture is low in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, and duration of parenteral antibiotics is longer in COVID-19 patients. Improving diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship is critically needed.
Quality assurance via telephone interviews after cataract surgery: An explorative study
Authors: Ruiss Manuel , Pai Viktoria , Pilwachs Caroline , Bayer Natascha , Palkovits Stefan , Findl Oliver 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Cataract surgery is a relatively safe procedure with satisfactory postoperative results in most patients. However, in rare cases severe complications can occur shortly after the intervention. Therefore, patients are advised to undergo an ophthalmological examination postoperatively, which should be performed as soon as possible in case of emergencies. However, exactly when these follow-up visits should take place is still discussed. A time- and cost-saving alternative to this could be short-term postoperative telemedical approaches. The aim of this study was to analyze patient complaints as well as satisfaction with and the best timepoint to perform telephone calls after cataract surgery.

Methods
Patients scheduled for cataract surgery received a telephone call on the surgery day or the day after (study group) during which they were asked about complaints or additional examination visits. Patients without telephone calls served as control group. All patients had a follow-up visit one week after the intervention during which a questionnaire was filled out and the study group was asked about their satisfaction with the telephone calls.

Results
181 patients were recruited in this study. Ocular surface problems were the most common postoperative symptom. More than 80% of the patients were very satisfied with the telephone calls, with patients being contacted on the day of surgery being more calmed than those called on the next day. No difference in additional and planned follow-up visits was found between the study and the control group (P > .40). Postoperative patient complaints (Phi 0.372, P < .001) and additional prescribed therapy (Phi 0.480, P < .001) were moderately associated with additional visits.

Conclusion
Satisfaction with telephone reviews shortly after cataract surgery was very high and contacting patients on the evening of the day of the procedure could be a time- and cost-saving alternative to short-term in-house follow-up visits.
Quality improvement exercises in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) services: A scoping review
Authors: Ridsdale Katie , Khurana Kajal , Taslim Azizat Temidayo , Robinson Jessica K. , Solanke Faith , Tung Wei Shao , Sheldon Elena , Hind Daniel , Lobo Alan J. 
Published: March 2024

Objective
Quality Improvement initiatives aim to improve care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). These address a range of aspects of care including adherence to published guidelines. The objectives of this review were to document the scope and quality of published quality improvement initiatives in IBD, highlight successful interventions and the outcomes achieved.

Design/method
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data. We included peer reviewed articles or conference proceedings reporting initiatives intended to improve the quality of IBD care, with both baseline and prospectively collected follow-up data. Initiatives were categorised based on problems, interventions and outcomes. We used the Quality Improvement Minimum Quality Criteria Set instrument to appraise articles. We mapped the focus of the articles to the six domains of the IBD standards.

Results
100 studies were identified (35 full text; 65 conference abstracts). Many focused on vaccination, medication, screening, or meeting multiple quality measures. Common interventions included provider education, the development of new service protocols, or enhancements to the electronic medical records. Studies principally focused on areas covered by the IBD standards ‘ongoing care’ and ‘the IBD service’, with less focus on standards ‘pre-diagnosis’, ‘newly diagnosed’, ‘flare management’, ‘surgery’ or ‘inpatient care’.

Conclusion
Good quality evidence exists on approaches to improve the quality of a narrow range of IBD service functions, but there are many topic areas with little or no published quality improvement initiatives. We highlight successful quality improvement interventions and offer recommendations to improve reporting of future studies.
The dispensability of 14-3-3 proteins for the regulation of human cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5
Authors: Iamshanova Oksana , Hämmerli Anne-Flore , Ramaye Elise , Seljmani Arbresh , Ross-Kaschitza Daniela , Schärz Noëlia , Essers Maria , Guichard Sabrina , Rougier Jean-Sébastien , Abriel Hugues 
Published: March 2024

Background
14-3-3 proteins are ubiquitous proteins that play a role in cardiac physiology (e.g., metabolism, development, and cell cycle). Furthermore, 14-3-3 proteins were proposed to regulate the electrical function of the heart by interacting with several cardiac ion channels, including the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5. Given the many cardiac arrhythmias associated with Nav1.5 dysfunction, understanding its regulation by the protein partners is crucial.

Aims
In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of 14-3-3 proteins in the regulation of the human cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5.

Methods and results
Amongst the seven 14-3-3 isoforms, only 14-3-3η (encoded by YWHAH gene) weakly co-immunoprecipitated with Nav1.5 when heterologously co-expressed in tsA201 cells. Total and cell surface expression of Nav1.5 was however not modified by 14-3-3η overexpression or inhibition with difopein, and 14-3-3η did not affect physical interaction between Nav1.5 α-α subunits. The current-voltage relationship and the amplitude of Nav1.5-mediated sodium peak current density were also not changed.

Conclusions
Our findings illustrate that the direct implication of 14-3-3 proteins in regulating Nav1.5 is not evident in a transformed human kidney cell line tsA201.
The relationship between emotional disorders and heart rate variability: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Luo Xu , Wang Rui , Zhou YunXiang , Xie Wen 
Published: March 2024

Objective
Previous studies have shown that emotional disorders are negatively associated with heart rate variability (HRV), but the potential causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to emotional disorders and HRV remains unclear. We aimed to perform a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the potential association between emotional disorders and HRV.

Methods
The data used for this study were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association study datasets. Five models, including the inverse variance weighted model (IVW), the weighted median estimation model (WME), the weighted model-based method (WM), the simple model (SM) and the MR–Egger regression model (MER), were utilized for MR. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR-PRESSO) and Cochran’s Q test were used to confirm heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

Results
MR analysis revealed that genetic susceptibility to broad depression was negatively correlated with HRV (pvRSA/HF) (OR = 0.380, 95% CI 0.146–0.992; p = 0.048). However, genetic susceptibility to irritability was positively correlated with HRV (pvRSA/HF, SDNN) (OR = 2.017, 95% CI 1.152–3.534, p = 0.008) (OR = 1.154, 95% CI 1.000–1.331, p = 0.044). Genetic susceptibility to anxiety was positively correlated with HRV (RMSSD) (OR = 2.106, 95% CI 1.032–4.299; p = 0.041). No significant directional pleiotropy or heterogeneity was detected. The accuracy and robustness of these findings were confirmed through a sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions
Our MR study provides genetic support for the causal effects of broad depression, irritable mood, and anxiety on HRV.
Factors associated with early-onset androgenetic alopecia: A scoping review
Authors: Liu Li-Ping , Wariboko Mary Adumo , Hu Xiao , Wang Zi-Han , Wu Qian , Li Yu-Mei 
Published: March 2024

Background
Early-onset androgenetic alopecia (AGA) has been associated with various chronic conditions, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). Gaining a deep understanding of early-onset AGA may enable earlier intervention in individuals at high risks. This scoping review aims to explore the risk factors and etiology, associated conditions, and adverse effects on wellbeing in early-onset AGA.

Methods
Electronic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRIAL. Eligible studies included case-control, cohort, cross-sectional, and meta-analysis studies. Selected studies needed to clearly define early-onset AGA cases or include only cases starting before the age of 40 and compare them with appropriate controls. The exclusion criteria comprised editorials, commentaries, case series, and non-systematic reviews, among others. Data extraction involved collecting study characteristics, methodologies, main outcomes, and findings. Descriptive tables were used to summarize key information and relevant variables when necessary.

Results
Among the 65 eligible articles, 67.69% were case-control studies and 78.46% evaluated only male patients. “Early-onset” was defined as cases developing before the age of 30 years in 43.08% of the studies. The Hamilton–Norwood scale was the most frequently used method for evaluating the severity of alopecia in men (69.23%). Reported risk factors for early-onset AGA included a family history of AGA, cigarette smoking, unhealthy dietary habits, and a high body mass index. Early-onset AGA may also be associated with hormonal profiles, 5α-reductase enzyme activity, androgen receptor genes, and some susceptibility loci. Comorbidities investigated included MetS, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and Parkinson’s disease. Men with early-onset AGA may have reduced treatment efficacy with drug like rosuvastatin, metformin or lisinopril for dyslipidemia, prediabetes, or hypertension. Additionally, young men with AGA tended to suffer from psychological issues such as anxiety and low self-esteem compared to those without hair loss.

Conclusion
Early-onset AGA is a complex condition with various risk factors and etiology, associated comorbidities, and potential implications for treatment response and psychological health.
Effects of Kinesio taping on lower limb biomechanical characteristics during the cutting maneuver in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Sizhuo , Wang Ling , Liu Xiaoqian , Wang Guanglan , Chen Peng 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
To determine the effects of Kinesio taping (KT) on the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs during the 90° cutting maneuver in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) athletes.

Method
Eighteen ACLR athletes were recruited and subjected randomly to three taping conditions, KT, placebo taping (PT), and no taping (NT), followed by a 90° cutting test. A nine-camera infrared high-speed motion capture system (Vicon, T40, 200 Hz) was used to record the kinematic parameters of the lower limbs during the cutting maneuver, and a three-dimensional dynamometer (Kistler, 1000 Hz) was used to record the kinetic parameters of the lower limbs. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to compare the differences in the lower limb kinematic and kinetic characteristics of ACLR athletes subjected to these interventions.

Results
During the landing phase, the knee valgus angle reduced significantly with KT than with NT (95% confidence interval = −1.399 to −0.154; P = 0.025), whereas no significant difference was observed between PT and NT (95% confidence interval = −1.251 to 0.217; P = 0.236). No significant differences were observed in the other kinematic variables among the three taping conditions (P > 0.05). During the landing phase, no significant differences in the kinetic variables were observed among the three taping conditions (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Although KT does not improve the kinetic variables of athletes after ACLR during the 90° cutting maneuver, it reduces the knee valgus angle, which could reduce the risk of secondary ACL injury.
Association between human papillomaviruses, metabolic syndrome, and all-cause death; analysis of the U.S. NHANES 2003–2004 to 2015–2016
Authors: Mirzadeh Parmis , Oye-Somefun Akinkunle , Ardern Chris I. , Buick Catriona J. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, attributed to 4.5% of all cancers worldwide. Co-infection with the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a common cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, has been shown to increase the persistence of HPV. The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between HPV and MetS on mortality risk.

Methods
Data for the current study was drawn from seven consecutive cycles (2003–2004 to 2015–2016) of the U.S. NHANES. The final analytic sample consisted of 5,101 individuals aged 18-65y with HPV and MetS information with follow-up to Dec. 31st, 2019. Baseline HPV status was assessed by either vaginal swab, penile swab or oral rinse and used to classify participants as: no HPV (n = 1,619), low (n = 1,138), probable (n = 672), and high-risk (n = 1,672; 22% type 16, and 10% type 18) HPV using IARC criteria. MetS was assessed by the Harmonized criteria.

Results
The average follow-up was 9.4 y with 240 all-cause deaths (no HPV: n = 46 deaths; low-risk: n = 60 deaths; probable: n = 37 deaths, and; high-risk: n = 97 deaths). HPV status alone revealed no associations with mortality in fully adjusted models. Cross-classification into discrete MetS/HPV strata yielded an increased risk of mortality in females with high-risk HPV/MetS relative to the no MetS/no HPV group.

Conclusions
In this study, low, probable, and high-risk HPV and MetS were differentially related to mortality risk in men and women. Further work is necessary to separate the temporal, age, vaccination, and sex effects of HPV diagnosis in these relationships using prospective studies with detailed histories of HPV infection and persistence.
The prevalence of and factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in South Africa
Authors: Pool Megan , Sorsdahl Katherine , Myers Bronwyn , van der Westhuizen Claire 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Healthcare workers globally have experienced increased social and occupational stressors in their working environments and communities because of COVID-19 which has increased the risk of mental health concerns. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety amongst healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Western Cape, South Africa. In addition, role-related stressors and coping strategies were explored.

Material and methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of doctors and nurses working in public healthcare facilities across the Western Cape, South Africa. Participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), the Professional Quality of Life (PROQL-R-IV), and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE-R) scales. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
The sample comprised 416 health workers (303 nurses, 113 doctors). Almost 40% of the sample (n = 161) had CES-D scores suggestive of probable depression, and 45.9% (n = 186) had GAD-7 scores suggestive of anxiety. In the logistic regression model, the odds of probable depression were higher for female participants compared to men (OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.00–5.10) and for participants who used behavioural disengagement as a coping strategy (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.14–1.97). More time spent working with COVID patients was associated with increased odds of having high levels of anxiety [OR = 1.13, 95% CI (1.02–1.25). Substance use (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.08–1.81), venting (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.01–1.70), and self-blame (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.08–1.87) were some of the coping strategies used by healthcare workers. High levels of secondary traumatic stress and burnout were found to increase the odds of both depression and anxiety.

Conclusion
Findings of this study suggest that there is a high prevalence of mental health issues among healthcare workers, and a critical need to focus on workplace mental health interventions to support these frontline workers.