bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deutschland: Nord‐ und Ostsee
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFischerei, Seefahrt, Küstenschutz und Landwirtschaft prägen die kulturelle Identität der deutschen Küstenregionen und sind gleichzeitig eine Attraktion für den Fremdenverkehr. Integriertes Küstenzonenmanagement (IKZM) will dazu beitragen, den Küstenbereich als ökologisch intakten und wirtschaftlich prosperierenden Lebensraum zu erhalten, es soll Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten aufzeigen, Konfliktpotenziale erkennen und Lösungen anbieten. Es gibt zwar viele europäische bis regionale Richtlinien mit Küstenbezug, IKZM ist aber die einzige Ebene, auf der der Küstenraum als Gesamtheit betrachtet und die nebeneinander bestehenden Richtlinien integriert werden.
Neue Wege für den Artenschutz in Afrika
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBeim Thema Artenschutz in Afrika denken viele an die großen Nationalparks, in denen Giraffen stolzieren und zahlungskräftige Touristen im Geländewagen umherkutschiert werden. John Mason, der Direktor des Nature Conservation Research Centre (NCRC) im westafrikanischen Staat Ghana, vertritt die Ansicht, dass diese Parks der Natur wenig nützen und oft schaden. Nationalparks sind zum Scheitern verurteilt, sagt er, weil die staatlichen Behörden, die sie betreiben, die einheimische Bevölkerung gegen die Schutzvorhaben aufbringen. Als Gegenentwurf hat das NCRC neuartige Naturschutzprojekte entwickelt, bei denen das Zusammenleben von Mensch und Natur im Vordergrund steht.
Performance of the CJDATS Co‐Occurring Disorders Screening Instruments (CODSIs) among Minority Offenders
Authors: Duncan Alexandra , Sacks Stanley , Melnick Gerald , Cleland Charles M. , Pearson Frank S. , Coen Carrie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPrevious research has shown the performance of the CJDATS Co‐Occurring Disorders Screening Instruments (CODSI‐MD and SMD)—six‐ and three‐item instruments to screen for any mental disorder (CODSI‐MD) and for severe mental disorders (CODSI‐SMD), respectively—to be comparable or superior to other, longer instruments. This study tested the stability of the performance of the CODSI‐MD and SMD across three racial/ethnic groups of offenders entering prison substance abuse treatment programs (n = 353), consisting of 96 African American, 120 Latino, and 137 White admissions. The Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) was used to obtain DSM‐IV Axis I and II diagnoses; a lifetime SCID diagnosis of a mental disorder or a severe mental disorder was the criterion against which the CODSI‐MD and SMD were validated. Results showed no statistical differences in sensitivity or specificity for either the CODSI‐MD or SMD across the African American, Latino, and White prisoner groups. The value of the CODSI‐MD and SMD as brief screens for mental disorders among offenders with diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Violent and disruptive behavior among drug‐involved prisoners: Relationship with psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Friedmann Peter D. , Melnick Gerald , Jiang Lan , Hamilton Zachary 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and violent/disruptive behavior among 192 inmates who participated in prison‐based substance abuse treatment. Participants came from two sites able to provide narrative reports of disciplinary actions in the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies' Co‐Occurring Disorders Screening Instrument study. In multivariate logistic models, a lifetime history of thought insertion/control ideation (OR, 11.6; 95% CI, 1.8–75.2), antisocial personality disorder (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.2–8.9), and disciplinary action related to possession of controlled substances or contraband (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.9–12.3) were associated with increased risk for violent or disruptive behavior while in prison, whereas lifetime phobic symptoms (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.54) and high school graduation (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2–1.0) were associated with a decreased risk of violence and disruptive behavior in general. We conclude that, among inmates in substance abuse treatment, symptoms that increase risk for violence or disruptive behavior include thought control/insertion ideation and disciplinary infractions related to controlledsubstances, contraband, or failure to participate in assigned programs, as well a history of antisocial personality disorder. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic profiles of offenders in substance abuse treatment programs
Authors: Grella Christine E. , Greenwell Lisa , Prendergast Michael , Sacks Stanley , Melnick Gerald 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study examined the association of Axis I and Axis II disorders among offenders who were in prison‐based substance abuse treatment in a national multi‐site study. Participants (N = 280) received a psychosocial assessment and a structured diagnostic interview in two separate sessions. Logistic regression models examined the association between lifetime mood and anxiety disorders with two personality disorders, and the relationship of Axis I and Axis II disorders (alone and in combination) to pre‐treatment psychosocial functioning. Over two‐thirds of the sample met criteria for at least one mental disorder. Borderline personality disorder was strongly associated with having a lifetime mood disorder (odds ratio = 7.5) or lifetime anxiety disorder (odds ratio = 8.7). Individuals with only an Axis II disorder, or who had both Axis I and Axis II disorders, had more severe problems in psychosocial functioning than those without any disorder. Clinical treatment approaches need to address this heterogeneity in diagnostic profiles, symptom severity, and psychosocial functioning. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Community‐Based co‐occurring disorder (COD) intermediate and advanced treatment for offenders
Authors: Melnick Gerald , Coen Carrie , Taxman Faye S. , Sacks Stanley , Zinsser Katherine M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAgainst a backdrop of increasing concern about the adequacy of treatment for co‐occurring substance use and mental disorders (typically known as “co‐occurring disorders,” or COD) in the criminal justice system, this article attempts to provide empirical evidence for a typology of levels of COD treatment for offenders in both prison and community settings. The paper investigates two levels of treatment programs for COD; “intermediate” programs, in which treatment programming has been designed primarily for offenders with a single disorder, and “advanced” programs, in which programming has been designed to provide integrated substance abuse treatment and mental health services. Findings from a national survey of program directors indicated that both intermediate and advanced COD treatment programs were similar in their general approach to substance abuse treatment, but differed considerably in their treatment of mental disorders, where the advanced programs employed significantly more evidence‐ and consensus‐based practices. Results provide support for the distinction between intermediate‐ and advanced‐level services for offenders with COD and support a typology that defines advanced programs as integrating a range of evidence‐ and consensus‐based practices so as to modify treatment sufficiently to address both diseases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment outcomes for female offenders: Relationship to number of Axis I diagnoses
Authors: Sacks Joann Y. , McKendrick Karen , Hamilton Zachary , Cleland Charles M. , Pearson Frank S. , Banks Steven 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis article describes a study that examined the relationship between multiple Axis I mental health diagnoses and treatment outcomes for female offenders in prison substance abuse treatment programs. Preliminary findings of the effectiveness of therapeutic community (TC) treatment, modified for female offenders, relative to a control cognitive behavioral treatment condition, are presented. The hypothesis—that participants who fit into multiple diagnostic categories have more dysfunctional symptoms and behaviors at baseline—was confirmed; however, a hypothesized relationship between the number of Axis I diagnoses and 6 month treatment outcomes across five domains (mental health, trauma exposure, substance use, HIV needle risk behaviors, and HIV sexual risk) was not supported. Across all Axis I mental health groups, TC treatment was significantly more effective than the control condition overall, as well as on measures of mental health symptoms and HIV sexual risk. These findings suggest that this TC treatment program, as modified, is an effective model for women with varied diagnoses and diagnostic complexities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of studies of co‐occurring disorder(s) in criminal justice and a research agenda
Authors: Sacks Stanley , Melnick Gerald , Grella Christine E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe studies reported in this special issue were designed to take advantage of the unique opportunity that the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJDATS) cooperative provides to the systematic study of several key issues in programming for co‐occurring disorder(s) (COD) in the criminal justice system. These papers present findings from CJDATS studies pertaining to co‐occurring disorder(s), identify clinical initiatives to strengthen efforts to treat the population with co‐occurring disorder(s), and point to a direction for the elaboration of a future research agenda. Four key areas of investigation are presented: Screening and Diagnosis; the Relationship of Co‐Occurring Disorder(s) to Violence; Gender Differences; and the Delivery of Services for Co‐Occurring Disorder(s). The first section of this article summarizes the studies included in this special issue within the context of the research literature already available. The second section suggests a future research agenda for the study of offender populations with co‐occurring disorder(s), and concludes with a broad statement of clinical advancements to date. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A social agent pedestrian model
Authors: Park Andrew , Calvert Tom 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a social agent pedestrian model based on experiments with human subjects. Research studies of criminology and environmental psychology show that certain features of the urban environment generate fear in people, causing them to take alternate routes. The Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) strategy has been implemented to reduce fear of crime and crime itself. Our initial prototype of a pedestrian model was developed based on these findings of criminology research. In the course of validating our model, we constructed a virtual environment (VE) that resembles a well‐known fear‐generating area where several decision points were set up. 60 human subjects were invited to navigate the VE and their choices of routes and comments during the post interviews were analyzed using statistical techniques and content analysis. Through our experimental results, we gained new insights into pedestrians' behavior and suggest a new enhanced and articulated agent model of a pedestrian. Our research not only provides a realistic pedestrian model, but also a new methodology for criminology research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypercapnia protects erythrocytes against free radical damage induced by hypoxia in exposed rats
Authors: Skoumalová Alice , Herget Jan , Wilhelm Jiří 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSeveral studies report that hypoxic exposure induces free radical oxidative damage in various tissues. The mechanism of this damage includes membrane lipid peroxidation which can be easily detected by measuring fluorescent end‐products of the process, i.e. lipofuscin‐like pigments. Four day exposure of rats to hypoxia (10% O2) increased the level of lipofuscin‐like pigments in erythrocytes up to 9 fold. This increase was completely prevented when the animals were exposed to hypercapnia (4.3% CO2) in addition to hypoxia. We studied the possible mechanism of the hypercapnic protection on isolated erythrocyte membranesin vitro. Lipid peroxidation was initiated by incubation of the membranes with iron ions and ascorbate. Production of malonaldehyde, the precursor of lipofuscin‐like pigments, was strongly inhibited in bicarbonate buffer. Similarly the production of lipofuscin‐like products was damped. These experiments suggest that the protective effect of hypercapnia might consist in direct interaction of CO2with free radical processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Site‐Selective Blocking of PCR by a Caged Nucleotide Leading to Direct Creation of Desired Sticky Ends in The Products
Authors: Tanaka Keita , Katada Hitoshi , Shigi Narumi , Kuzuya Akinori , Komiyama Makoto 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn order to terminate the polymerase reaction at a desired position, a caged thymine derivative—4‐O‐[2‐(2‐nitrophenyl)propyl]thymine—was incorporated into PCR primers. In the PCR cycles, the elongation of the nascent strand (5′→3′ direction) by polymerase was site‐selectively terminated at the 3′‐side of TNPP. Accordingly, predetermined protruding ends were obtained after the removal of the protecting group by short UVA irradiation. Recombinant vectors coding the GFP gene were successfully prepared by direct ligation of these light‐assisted cohesive‐ending PCR (LACE‐PCR) products with scission fragments obtained by use either of restriction enzymes or of artificial restriction DNA cutters and were used for transformation of E. coli.
Probing Metal Binding in the 8–17 DNAzyme by TbIII Luminescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Hee‐Kyung , Li Jing , Nagraj Nandini , Lu Yi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMetal‐dependent cleavage activities of the 8–17 DNAzyme were found to be inhibited by TbIII ions, and the apparent inhibition constant in the presence of 100 μM of ZnII was measured to be 3.3±0.3 μM. The apparent inhibition constants increased linearly with increasing ZnII concentration, and the inhibition effect could be fully rescued with addition of active metal ions, indicating that TbIII is a competitive inhibitor and that the effect is completely reversible. The sensitized TbIII luminescence at 543 nm was dramatically enhanced when TbIII was added to the DNAzyme–substrate complex. With an inactive DNAzyme in which the GT wobble pair was replaced with a GC Watson–Crick base pair, the luminescence enhancement was slightly decreased. In addition, when the DNAzyme strand was replaced with a complete complementary strand to the substrate, no significant luminescence enhancement was observed. These observations suggest that TbIII may bind to an unpaired region of the DNAzyme, with the GT wobble pair playing a role. Luminescence lifetime measurements in D2O and H2O suggested that TbIII bound to DNAzyme is coordinated by 6.7±0.2 water molecules and two or three functional groups from the DNAzyme. Divalent metal ions competed for the TbIII binding site(s) in the order CoII>ZnII>MnII>PbII>CaII≈MgII. This order closely follows the order of DNAzyme activity, with the exception of PbII. These results indicate that PbII, the most active metal ion, competes for TbIII binding differently from other metal ions such as ZnII, suggesting that PbII may bind to a different site from that for the other metal ions including ZnII and TbIII.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Diarylvinylidenecyclopropanes and 1,1,3‐Triarylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols or Their Methyl Ethers
Authors: Shi Min , Yao Liang‐Feng 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe reactions of vinylidenecyclopropanes 1 with 1,1,3‐triarylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols or their methyl ethers 2 in the presence of a Lewis acid selectively produce 4‐dihydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[b]naphthalene derivatives 3 or 1,2,3,8‐tetrahydrocyclopenta[a]indene derivatives 4 depending on the substituents on the cyclopropane. Good to high yields are obtained under mild conditions. A plausible cascade Meyer–Schuster rearrangement and Friedel–Crafts reaction mechanism has been proposed. Moreover, novel functionalized methylenecyclobutene derivatives 5 could also be obtained in moderate to good yields under similar conditions when strongly electron‐donating methoxy groups were introduced into the benzene rings of 2.
1,4‐Dicyanobenzene as a Scaffold for the Preparation of Bimetallic Actinide Complexes Exhibiting Metal–Metal Communication
Authors: Schelter Eric J. , Veauthier Jacqueline M. , Graves Christopher R. , John Kevin D. , Scott Brian L. , Thompson Joe D. , Pool‐Davis‐Tournear Jaime A. , Morris David E. , Kiplinger Jaqueline L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractReaction of two equivalents of [(C5Me4Et)2U(CH3)(Cl)] (6) or [(C5Me5)2Th(CH3)(Br)] (7) with 1,4‐dicyanobenzene leads to the formation of the novel 1,4‐phenylenediketimide‐bridged bimetallic organoactinide complexes [{(C5Me4Et)2(Cl)U}2(μ‐{NC(CH3)‐C6H4‐(CH3)CN})] (8) and [{(C5Me5)2(Br)Th}2(μ‐{NC(CH3)‐C6H4‐ (CH3)CN})] (9), respectively. These complexes were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. Metal–metal interactions in these isovalent bimetallic systems were assessed by means of cyclic voltammetry, UV‐visible/NIR absorption spectroscopy, and variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility. Although evidence for magnetic coupling between metal centers in the bimetallic UIV/UIV (5f2–5f2) complex is ambiguous, the complex displays appreciable electronic communication between the metal centers through the π system of the dianionic diketimide bridging ligand, as judged by voltammetry. The transition intensities of the f–f bands for the bimetallic UIV/UIV system decrease substantially compared to the related monometallic ketimide chloride complex, [(C5Me5)2U(Cl){‐NC(CH3)‐(3,4,5‐F3‐C6H2)}] (11). Also reported herein are new synthetic routes to the actinide starting materials [(C5Me4Et)2U(CH3)(Cl)] (6) and [(C5Me5)2Th(CH3)(Br)] (7) in addition to the syntheses and structures of the monometallic uranium complexes [(C5Me4Et)2UCl2] (3), [(C5Me4Et)2U(CH3)2] (4), [(C5Me4Et)2U{‐NC(CH3)‐C6H4‐CN}2] (10), and 11.
Designed Folding of Pseudopeptides: The Transformation of a Configurationally Driven Preorganization into a Stereoselective Multicomponent Macrocyclization Reaction
Authors: Alfonso Ignacio , Bolte Michael , Bru Miriam , Burguete M. Isabel , Luis Santiago V. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of large‐ring pseudopeptidic macrocycles through a multicomponent [2+2] reductive amination reaction is described. The reaction was entirely governed by the structural information contained in the corresponding open‐chain pseudopeptidic bis(amidoamine) precursors, which have a rigid (R,R)‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine moiety. A remarkable match/mismatch relationship between the configurations of the chiral centers of the cyclic diamine and those of the peptidic frame was observed. The macrocyclic tetraimine intermediates have been studied in detail by NMR spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and molecular modeling, and the results support the appropriate preorganization induced by the match combination of the chiral centers. We have also synthesized the corresponding open‐chain bis(imine) model compounds. The structural studies (NMR spectroscopy, CD, modeling) of these systems showed an intrinsically lower reactivity of the mismatch combination, even when the product of the reaction was acyclic. In addition, a synergistic effect between the two chiral substructures for the correct folding of the molecules was observed. Finally, X‐ray analysis of the HCl salt of one of the macrocycles showed an interesting pattern; the macrocyclic rings stack in columnar aggregates leaving large interstitial channels filled with water‐solvated chloride anions.
Chiral Boron‐Bridged Bisoxazoline (Borabox) Ligands: Structures and Reactivities of Pd and Cu Complexes
Authors: Köhler Valentin , Mazet Clément , Toussaint Aurélie , Kulicke Klaus , Häussinger Daniel , Neuburger Markus , Schaffner Silvia , Kaiser Stefan , Pfaltz Andreas 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAnionic boron‐bridged bisoxazolines (borabox ligands) have been synthesized and characterized in their protonated forms. The ligands are tuneable over a wide range, allowing either alkyl or aryl substituents at the oxazoline rings and the central bridging boron atom. The structural parameters of this new ligand type have been investigated by X‐ray analyses of palladium and copper complexes. Electronic properties have been studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy and by DFT calculations on palladium allyl complexes and compared to those of analogous bisoxazoline (box) complexes. Borabox complexes are more electron‐rich at the metal center than their neutral box congeners, and as a consequence of the longer bonds between the bridging atom and the oxazoline rings, their bite angles are larger. Palladium(II) complexes bearing an unsubstituted allyl ligand and homoleptic copper(II) complexes each possess an almost flat chelate ring. NMR analysis of a (1,3‐diphenylallyl)(borabox)palladium complex showed a 92:8 mixture of (syn,syn) and (anti,syn) allyl isomers, in contrast with a previously reported box analogue that existed exclusively in the (syn,syn) form. Comparison of the corresponding crystal structures revealed that the distance between the bisoxazoline and the allyl ligand in the borabox complex is shorter. In the copper‐catalyzed allylic oxidation of cyclohexene and cyclopentene with tert‐butyl perbenzoate, borabox ligands gave results similar—and in some cases superior—to those obtained with analogous box ligands.
Myoglobin Modification by Enzyme‐Generated Dopamine Reactive Species
Authors: Nicolis Stefania , Zucchelli Matteo , Monzani Enrico , Casella Luigi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe generation of reactive quinone species (DAQ) from oxidation of dopamine (DA) is involved in neurodegenerative pathologies like Parkinson's disease (A. Borta, G. U. Höglinger,J. Neurochem.2007,100, 587–595). The oxidation of DA to DAQ can occur either in a single two‐electron process or in two consecutive one‐electron steps, through semiquinone radicals, giving rise to different patterns of reactions. The former type of reaction can be promoted by tyrosinase, the latter by peroxidases in the presence of H2O2, which can be formed under oxidative stress conditions. Both enzymes were employed for the characterization of the thiol–catechol adducts formed by reaction of DA and cysteine or glutathione, and for the identification of specific amino acid residues modified by DAQs in two representative target proteins, human and horse heart myoglobin. Our results indicate that the cysteinyl–DA adducts are formed from the same quinone intermediate independently of the mechanism of DA oxidation, and that the hallmark of a radical mechanism is the formation of the cystine dimer. The reactivity of quinone species also controls the DA‐promoted derivatization of histidine residues in proteins. However, for the modification of the cysteine residue in human myoglobin, a radical intramolecular mechanism has been proposed, in which the protein acts both as the catalyst and target of the reaction. Most importantly, the modification of myoglobins through DAQ linkages, and in particular by DA oligomers, has dramatic effects on their stability, as it induces protein unfolding and incorporation into insoluble melanic precipitates.