bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextualizing injury severity from occupational accident reports using an optimized deep learning prediction model
Authors: Khairuddin Mohamed Zul Fadhli , Sankaranarayanan Suresh , Hasikin Khairunnisa , Abd Razak Nasrul Anuar , Omar Rosidah 
Published: April 2024

Background
This study introduced a novel approach for predicting occupational injury severity by leveraging deep learning-based text classification techniques to analyze unstructured narratives. Unlike conventional methods that rely on structured data, our approach recognizes the richness of information within injury narrative descriptions with the aim of extracting valuable insights for improved occupational injury severity assessment.

Methods
Natural language processing (NLP) techniques were harnessed to preprocess the occupational injury narratives obtained from the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) from January 2015 to June 2023. The methodology involved meticulous preprocessing of textual narratives to standardize text and eliminate noise, followed by the innovative integration of Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and Global Vector (GloVe) word embeddings for effective text representation. The proposed predictive model adopts a novel Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) architecture and is further refined through model optimization, including random search hyperparameters and in-depth feature importance analysis. The optimized Bi-LSTM model has been compared and validated against other machine learning classifiers which are naïve Bayes, support vector machine, random forest, decision trees, and K-nearest neighbor.

Results
The proposed optimized Bi-LSTM models’ superior predictability, boasted an accuracy of 0.95 for hospitalization and 0.98 for amputation cases with faster model processing times. Interestingly, the feature importance analysis revealed predictive keywords related to the causal factors of occupational injuries thereby providing valuable insights to enhance model interpretability.

Conclusion
Our proposed optimized Bi-LSTM model offers safety and health practitioners an effective tool to empower workplace safety proactive measures, thereby contributing to business productivity and sustainability. This study lays the foundation for further exploration of predictive analytics in the occupational safety and health domain.
Therapeutic Values of Pyridine Molecules from Natural Sources: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Christi V.E. Ida , Chowdary J. Shashank , Kumar S. Saran , Jubilee R. , Victa N.I. Blessy , Nachiar G. Shanthini 
Published: April 2024

Reason for the Study: Many commercial pharmacologically interesting medicinal plant species and their formulations are used in more communities and often in more countries around the world, for their multiple uses of Active compounds from the natural sources. It should be need to extensively explored to get their properties and their benefits. The costs of drugs for resistance of common infective diseases are increased especially bacterial infections and sexually transmitted diseases. The therapeutic approach of herbal medicines is an option for concerted search for new chemical entities for new drugs development. So searching of valuable medicinal plants with their longest track record for their use and their location and distribution is must and essential.
Aim: This study aims to provide an overview and documentation about pyridine alkaloids and their phytopharmacological activity related some medicinal plants.
Methodology: By using the key words, the literatures were collected from Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. This review will create a platform to harmonizing the traditional medicine practice in the country, create a synergy between herbal medicines and modern medicine and more harmonized integrated traditional medicine practices in future. It gives an insight into the strategic plan and route map for the development of new formulations and research platform for the practice and development of herbal medicines. The pharmaceutical industry has come to consider traditional medicine as a source for identification of bio-active agents that can be used in the preparation of semi synthetic medicine in different novel formulations.
Conclusion: This article focused some medicinal plants which contain different types and derivatives of pyridine alkaloids with their therapeutic applications. Further research needs to be done to make Novel pharmaceutical preparations with patent drugs and appropriate therapeutic documentation.
Progression of left ventricular enlargement in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Incidence and prognostic value–K. Hina ef al.: Ventricular enlargement in HCM
Authors: Hina Kazuyoshi , Iwasaki Kohichiro , Nogami Kunio , Kita Toshimasa , Taniguchi Gyou , Kusachi Shozo , Moritani Hiroki , Tsuji Takao 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA total of 51 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were followed for at least 3 years (mean follow‐up period 6.5 years) by serial M‐mode and two‐dimensional echocardiography. An increase of the left ventricular diastolic dimension (LVDd) to ≥ 55 mm with a decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to < 55% was observed in eight (15.7%) patients (progressive disease group). In five of these eight patients, the LVDd was ≥ 60 mm and the LVEF was < 40%. Ventricular enlargement was closely related to mortality and death due to congestive heart failure occurred in three of these patients. No deaths occurred among the 37 patients without significant progression of ventricular enlargement (nonprogressive group). The annual changes of LVEF and LVDd in the progressive disease group were larger than in the nonprogressive group (LVEF – 0.18 ± 1.45 vs. – 2.46 ± 1.47 %/year; LVDd 0.22 ± 0.81 vs. 1.43 ± 0.77 mm/year). An increment in LVDs occurred earlier than the enlargement of the LVDd. Therefore, close attention to the LVDs seems to be important to detect early left ventricular morphological changes in HCM. In summary, this study indicates that HCM patients include a subgroup with symptoms resembling dilated cardiomyopathy, in whom the left ventricle enlarges with hypofunction and in whom there is high mortality due to congestive heart failure.
Roles of NF-κB Activation and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Inhibition in the Effect of Rifampin on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Transcription in Human Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Yuhas Yael , Berent Eva , Cohen Regev , Ashkenazi Shai 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Rifampin (rifampicin), an important antibiotic agent and a major drug used for the treatment of tuberculosis, exerts immunomodulatory effects. Previous studies have found that rifampin increases inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production. The present study investigated the potential mechanism(s) underlying these actions. The incubation of human lung epithelial A549 cells with a cytokine mix (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and gamma interferon) induced the expression of iNOS mRNA. The addition of rifampin increased the iNOS level by 1.9 ± 0.3-fold at a dose of 10 μg/ml (
P
< 0.01) and by 4.0 ± 0.3-fold at a dose of 50 μg/ml (
P
< 0.001). Rifampin treatment also affected the transcription factors that regulate iNOS mRNA: there was an increased and prolonged degradation of the inhibitory subunit of NF-κB, a corresponding increase in the level of cytokine-induced DNA binding of NF-κB (2.1 ± 0.2-fold), and a decrease in the level of expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Specifically, the level of PPARγ expression dropped by 15% in response to cytokine stimulation and by an additional 40% when rifampin was added (
P
< 0.001). Rifampin had no effect on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases or the signal transducer and transcription activator (STAT-1). In conclusion, rifampin augments NO production by upregulating iNOS mRNA. It also increases the level of NF-κB activation and decreases the level of PPARγ expression. The increases in the levels of NF-κB activation and NO production probably contribute to the therapeutic effects of rifampin. However, given the role of NF-κB in upregulating many inflammatory genes and the roles of PPARγ in downregulating inflammatory genes and in lipid and glucose metabolism, these findings have implications for potential adverse effects of rifampin in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and glucose or lipid disorders.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Caspofungin in Older Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Neely Michael , Jafri Hasan S. , Seibel Nita , Knapp Katherine , Adamson Peter C. , Bradshaw Susan K. , Strohmaier Kim M. , Sun Peng , Bi Sheng , Dockendorf Marissa Fallon , Stone Julie A. , Kartsonis Nicholas A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Although information about the efficacy and safety experience with caspofungin at 50 mg/m
2
daily is available for children and adolescents, the dosing regimen in infants and toddlers 3 to 24 months of age has yet to be established. We studied the pharmacokinetics and safety of caspofungin at 50 mg/m
2
once daily in nine patients 10 to 22 months (median, 13 months) of age with fever and neutropenia who received caspofungin once daily for 2 to 21 (mean, 9.3) days. Plasma caspofungin concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography assay on days 1 and 4. On day 4, the area under the curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC
0-24
) was 130.3 μg-h/ml, the peak concentration (
C
1
) was 17.2 μg/ml, and the trough concentration (
C
24
) was 1.6 μg/ml. The day 4 geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence interval (CI) for these parameters in infants/toddlers relative to adults were 1.26 (1.06, 1.50), 1.83 (1.57, 2.14), and 0.81 (0.64, 1.04), respectively. Relative to children (2 to 11 years of age), the day 4 GMRs (and 90% CI) were 1.13 (0.89, 1.44), 1.10 (0.85, 1.42), and 1.12 (0.72, 1.76), respectively. The harmonic mean elimination phase
t
1/2
in infants/toddlers (8.8 h) was reduced ∼33% relative to adults (13.0 h) but was similar to that in children (8.2 h). Clinical adverse events occurred in seven patients (78%); none were considered drug related. Laboratory adverse events occurred in five patients (56%) and were considered drug related in three (33%). There were no infusion-related events or discontinuations due to toxicity. Caspofungin at 50 mg/m
2
daily was well tolerated in infants and toddlers; the AUC and caspofungin
C
24
were generally comparable to those in adults receiving caspofungin at 50 mg daily.
Fermentation of Barley by Using
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
: Examination of Barley as a Feedstock for Bioethanol Production and Value-Added Products
Authors: Gibreel Amera , Sandercock James R. , Lan Jingui , Goonewardene Laksiri A. , Zijlstra Ruurd T. , Curtis Jonathan M. , Bressler David C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to examine the ethanol yield potential of three barley varieties (Xena, Bold, and Fibar) in comparison to two benchmarks, corn and wheat. Very high gravity (VHG; 30% solids) fermentations using both conventional and Stargen 001 enzymes for starch hydrolysis were carried out as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The grains and their corresponding dried distiller's grain with solubles (DDGS) were also analyzed for nutritional and value-added characteristics. A VHG traditional fermentation approach utilizing jet-cooking fermentation revealed that both dehulled Bold and Xena barley produced ethanol concentrations higher than that produced by wheat (12.3, 12.2, and 11.9%, respectively) but lower than that produced by corn (13.8%). VHG-modified Stargen-based fermentation of dehulled Bold barley demonstrated comparable performance (14.3% ethanol) relative to that of corn (14.5%) and wheat (13.3%). Several important components were found to survive fermentation and were concentrated in DDGS. The highest yield of phenolics was detected in the DDGS (modified Stargen 001, 20% solids) of Xena (14.6 mg of gallic acid/g) and Bold (15.0 mg of gallic acid/g) when the hull was not removed before fermentation. The highest concentration of sterols in DDGS from barley was found in Xena (3.9 mg/g) when the hull was included. The DDGS recovered from corn had the highest concentration of fatty acids (72.6 and 77.5 mg/g). The DDGS recovered from VHG jet-cooking fermentations of Fibar, dehulled Bold, and corn demonstrated similar levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols. Corn DDGS was highest in crude fat but was lowest in crude protein and in vitro energy digestibility. Wheat DDGS was highest in crude protein content, similar to previous studies. The barley DDGS was the highest in in vitro energy digestibility.
Poly-
N
-Acetylglucosamine Matrix Polysaccharide Impedes Fluid Convection and Transport of the Cationic Surfactant Cetylpyridinium Chloride through Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Ganeshnarayan Krishnaraj , Shah Suhagi M. , Libera Matthew R. , Santostefano Anthony , Kaplan Jeffrey B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Biofilms are composed of bacterial cells encased in a self-synthesized, extracellular polymeric matrix. Poly-β(1,6)-
N
-acetyl-
d
-glucosamine (PNAG) is a major biofilm matrix component in phylogenetically diverse bacteria. In this study we investigated the physical and chemical properties of the PNAG matrix in biofilms produced in vitro by the gram-negative porcine respiratory pathogen
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
and the gram-positive device-associated pathogen
Staphylococcus epidermidis
. The effect of PNAG on bulk fluid flow was determined by measuring the rate of fluid convection through biofilms cultured in centrifugal filter devices. The rate of fluid convection was significantly higher in biofilms cultured in the presence of the PNAG-degrading enzyme dispersin B than in biofilms cultured without the enzyme, indicating that PNAG decreases bulk fluid flow. PNAG also blocked transport of the quaternary ammonium compound cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) through the biofilms. Binding of CPC to biofilms further impeded fluid convection and blocked transport of the azo dye Allura red. Bioactive CPC was efficiently eluted from biofilms by treatment with 1 M sodium chloride. Taken together, these findings suggest that CPC reacts directly with the PNAG matrix and alters its physical and chemical properties. Our results indicate that PNAG plays an important role in controlling the physiological state of biofilms and may contribute to additional biofilm-associated processes such as biocide resistance.
Phleomycin Increases Transformation Efficiency and Promotes Single Integrations in
Schizophyllum commune
Authors: van Peer Arend F. , de Bekker Charissa , Vinck Arman , Wösten Han A. B. , Lugones Luis G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Phleomycin is mutagenic by introducing double-strand breaks in DNA. The
ble
gene of
Streptoalloteychus hindustanus
, which confers resistance to this substance, is widely used as a selection marker for transformation.
Schizophyllum commune
grows on 25 μg of phleomycin ml
−1
after introduction of a resistance cassette based on the
ble
gene. However, we here report that growth of resistant colonies on this concentration of phleomycin resulted in aberrant colony morphologies. Apparently, phleomycin was mutagenic despite acquired resistance. Therefore, a new selection system was developed based on resistance to the antibiotic nourseothricin. However, the transformation efficiency was tenfold lower than that obtained with phleomycin as a selection agent. This low transformation efficiency could be rescued by addition of a nonselective concentration of phleomycin during protoplast regeneration. This was accompanied by a higher incidence of single-copy integrations and with an increase of expression of key genes involved in double-strand break repair. Taken together, we conclude that the effect of a nonselective concentration of phleomycin strongly resembles the effect of restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI) but, unlike REMI, it does not depend on the presence of a target restriction site.
Functional Analysis of Protein Kinase CK2 of the Human Malaria Parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Holland Zoë , Prudent Renaud , Reiser Jean-Baptiste , Cochet Claude , Doerig Christian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Protein kinase CK2 (casein kinase 2) is a eukaryotic serine/threonine protein kinase with multiple substrates and roles in diverse cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, and translation. The mammalian holoenzyme consists of two catalytic alpha or alpha′ subunits and two regulatory beta subunits. We report the identification and characterization of a
Plasmodium falciparum
CK2α orthologue, PfCK2α, and two PfCK2β orthologues, PfCK2β1 and PfCK2β2. Recombinant PfCK2α possesses protein kinase activity, exhibits similar substrate and cosubstrate preferences to those of CK2α subunits from other organisms, and interacts with both of the PfCK2β subunits in vitro. Gene disruption experiments show that the presence of PfCK2α is crucial to asexual blood stage parasites and thereby validate the enzyme as a possible drug target. PfCK2α is amenable to inhibitor screening, and we report differential susceptibility between the human and
P. falciparum
CK2α enzymes to a small molecule inhibitor. Taken together, our data identify PfCK2α as a potential target for antimalarial chemotherapeutic intervention.
Trypanosoma brucei
UDP-Glucose:Glycoprotein Glucosyltransferase Has Unusual Substrate Specificity and Protects the Parasite from Stress
Authors: Izquierdo Luis , Atrih Abdel , Rodrigues Joao A. , Jones Deuan C. , Ferguson Michael A. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we describe the range of N-linked glycan structures produced by wild-type and glucosidase II null mutant bloodstream form
Trypanosoma brucei
parasites and the creation and characterization of a bloodstream form
Trypanosoma brucei
UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase null mutant. These analyses highlight peculiarities of the
Trypanosoma brucei
UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase, including an unusually wide substrate specificity, ranging from Man
5
GlcNAc
2
to Man
9
GlcNAc
2
glycans, and an unusually high efficiency in vivo, quantitatively glucosylating the Asn263 N-glycan of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) 221 and 75% of all non-VSG N glycosylation sites. We also show that although
Trypanosoma brucei
UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase is not essential for parasite growth at 37°C, it is essential for parasite growth and survival at 40°C. The null mutant was also shown to be hypersensitive to the effects of the N glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin. Further analysis of bloodstream form
Trypanosoma brucei
under normal conditions and stress conditions suggests that it does not have a classical unfolded protein response triggered by sensing unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Rather, judging by its uniform Grp78/BiP levels, it appears to have an unregulated and constitutively active endoplasmic reticulum protein folding system. We suggest that the latter may be particularly appropriate for this organism, which has an extremely high flux of glycoproteins through its secretory pathway.
Porphyromonas gingivalisRgpA-Kgp Proteinase-Adhesin Complexes Penetrate Gingival Tissue and Induce Proinflammatory Cytokines or Apoptosis in a Concentration-Dependent Manner
Authors: O'Brien-Simpson Neil M. , Pathirana Rishi D. , Walker Glenn D. , Reynolds Eric C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThe RgpA-Kgp proteinase-adhesin complexes ofPorphyromonas gingivaliswere observed, using immunostaining, in human gingival tissue associated with periodontitis but not in healthy tissue. The staining pattern suggested a concentration gradient from the subgingival plaque into the subjacent gingival connective tissue. Intense immunostaining was observed in areas displaying gross disturbance of tissue architecture.P. gingivaliscells and the RgpA-Kgp complexes at low concentrations were shown to stimulate secretory intercellular adhesion molecule 1, interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, and macrophage chemoattractant protein secretion from cultured human epithelial (KB) and fibroblast (MRC-5) cells. However, at high concentrations a reduction in the level of these mediators was observed. In contrast, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α and IL-1α were stimulated only at highP. gingivaliscell concentrations.P. gingivaliscells and the RgpA-Kgp complexes were shown to induce apoptosis in KB and MRC-5 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that the RgpA-Kgp complexes penetrate the gingival connective tissue; at low concentrations distal from the plaque the complexes stimulate the secretion of proinflammatory mediators, while at high concentrations proximal to the plaque they induce apoptosis and attenuate the secretion of proinflammatory mediators.
The CiaR Response Regulator in Group BStreptococcusPromotes Intracellular Survival and Resistance to Innate Immune Defenses
Authors: Quach Darin , van Sorge Nina M. , Kristian Sascha A. , Bryan Joshua D. , Shelver Daniel W. , Doran Kelly S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTGroup BStreptococcus(GBS) is major cause of invasive disease in newborn infants and the leading cause of neonatal meningitis. To gain access to the central nervous system (CNS), GBS must not only subvert host defenses in the bloodstream but also invade and survive within brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC), the principal cell layer composing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). While several GBS determinants that contribute to the invasion of BMEC have been identified, little is known about the GBS factors that are required for intracellular survival and ultimate disease progression. In this study we sought to identify these factors by screening a random GBS mutant library in an in vitro survival assay. One mutant was identified which contained a disruption in a two-component regulatory system homologous to CiaR/CiaH, which is present in other streptococcal pathogens. Deletion of the putative response regulator,ciaR, in GBS resulted in a significant decrease in intracellular survival within neutrophils, murine macrophages, and human BMEC, which was linked to increased susceptibility to killing by antimicrobial peptides, lysozyme, and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, competition experiments with mice showed that wild-type GBS had a significant survival advantage over the GBS ΔciaRmutant in the bloodstream and brain. Microarray analysis comparing gene expression between wild-type and ΔciaRmutant GBS bacteria revealed several CiaR-regulated genes that may contribute to stress tolerance and the subversion of host defenses by GBS. Our results identify the GBS CiaR response regulator as a crucial factor in GBS intracellular survival and invasive disease pathogenesis.