bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Final 1-Year Results of the TUTOR Randomized Trial Comparing Carpal Tunnel Release with Ultrasound Guidance to Mini-open Technique
Authors: Eberlin Kyle R. , Amis Benjamin P. , Berkbigler Thomas P. , Dy Christopher J. , Fischer Mark D. , Gluck James L. , Kaplan F. Thomas D. , McDonald Thomas J. , Miller Larry E. , Palmer Alexander , Perry Paul E. , Walker Marc E. , Watt James F. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Studies comparing carpal tunnel release with ultrasound guidance (CTR-US) to mini-open CTR (mOCTR) are limited. This randomized trial compared the efficacy and safety of these techniques.

Methods:
In this multicenter randomized trial, patients were randomized (2:1) to unilateral CTR-US or mOCTR. Outcomes included Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire Symptom Severity Scale (BCTQ-SSS) and Functional Status Scale (BCTQ-FSS), numeric pain scale (0–10), EuroQoL-5 Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L), scar outcomes, and complications over 1 year.

Results:
Patients received CTR-US (n = 94) via wrist incision (mean 6 mm) or mOCTR (n = 28) via palmar incision (mean 22 mm). Comparing CTR-US with mOCTR, the mean changes in BCTQ-SSS (−1.8 versus -1.8; P = 0.96), BCTQ-FSS (−1.0 versus −1.0; P = 0.75), numeric pain scale (−3.9 versus −3.8; P = 0.74), and EQ-5D-5L (0.13 versus 0.12; P = 0.79) over 1 year were comparable between groups. Freedom from scar sensitivity or pain favored CTR-US (95% versus 74%; P = 0.005). Complications occurred in 2.1% versus 3.6% of patients (P = 0.55), all within 3 weeks postprocedure. There was one revision surgery in the CTR-US group, and no revisions for persistent or recurrent symptoms in either group.

Conclusions:
CTR-US and mOCTR demonstrated similar improvement in carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms and quality of life with comparable low complication rates over 1 year of follow-up. CTR-US was performed with a smaller incision and associated with less scar discomfort.
Usage of Dermal Regeneration Templates (Pelnac) for Coverage of Exposed Hand Tendons in Acute Setting
Authors: Ali Rama Ahmed , Hemidan Ahmed Gamal , Kadry Hamed Mohamed , Saad Ahmed Samy 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The loss of soft tissue coverage of tendons is a challenging reconstructive problem after acute hand trauma. Subsequent tendon adhesions and the loss of range of movement in addition to the poor aesthetic outcome and donor site scarring should be avoided when deciding the plan of management. Pelnac is one of the commonly used skin substitutes in reconstructive surgery that can be used for coverage of exposed tendons, but the postoperative functional outcome needs to be addressed in detail.

Methods:
Twenty-six patients with acute isolated tendon injuries distal to the wrist joint were included. Two-stage reconstructive procedures were performed; the first one was the application of Pelnac. The second stage was carried out after the complete integration of Pelnac via the application of a split-thickness graft. The function outcome assesses the return of the normal range of motion to the affected hand and the QuickDASH score questionnaire. The aesthetic outcome was assessed using the Vancouver scar scale.

Results:
The Pelnac was integrated in 100% of cases, with complete grafts taken in 22 of 26 patients. The mean QuickDASH score was 20.5 ± 15.7, and mean Vancouver scar scale was 3.53 ± 3.2. The full range of motion returned in 22 of 26 patients.

Conclusions:
Using Pelnac to cover the exposed hand tendons in an acute setting is a convenient and efficient procedure with minimal morbidity. It can offer a good option for their coverage with preservation of hand function and acceptable aesthetic outcome.
Risk Evaluation in Occupational Safety and Health Research
Authors: Felknor Sarah A. , Streit Jessica M.K. , Morley Angela M. , Piacentino John D. 
Published: March 2024

Objective
Research involving working populations can pose unique ethical and risk evaluation challenges. The purpose of this benchmarking project was to assess how federal agencies and academic institutions approach the interpretation and application of key risk evaluation concepts in research involving workers in their places of employment.

Methods
Key informant interviews were conducted to ascertain current practices related to assessing soundness of research design, determining risk reasonableness and research relatedness of risks, and evaluating the risk of noninvasive clinical tests in occupational settings.

Results
There were noteworthy commonalities among the approaches described to review and address critical aspects of risk evaluation for occupational safety and health research involving human participants.

Conclusions
The insights gleaned may help guide institutional review boards and Human Research Protection Programs as they consider the ethical issues of human subjects research in occupational settings.
Non-invasive vascular measures as prognostic predictors for older patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Dirjayanto Valerie J. , Pompei Graziella , Rubino Francesca , Biscaglia Simone , Campo Gianluca , Mihailidou A.S. , den Ruijter Hester , Kunadian Vijay 
Published: March 2024

Background
Adverse cardiac events are common in older patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS), yet prognostic predictors are still lacking. This study investigated the long-term prognostic significance of non-invasive measures including endothelial function, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and vascular stiffness in older NSTEACS patients referred for invasive treatment.

Methods
NSTEACS patients aged 75 years and older recruited to a multicentre cohort study (NCT01933581) were assessed for baseline endothelial function using endoPAT logarithm of reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI), CIMT using B-mode ultrasound, and vascular stiffness using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Long-term outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of death, reinfarction, urgent revascularization, stroke/transient ischemic attack, and significant bleeding.

Results
Recruitment resulted in 214 patients assessed for LnRHI, 190 patients assessed for CIMT and 245 patients assessed for cfPWV. For LnRHI group (median follow-up 4.73 years [IQR: 1.41–5.00]), Cox regression analysis revealed a trend towards increased risk of MACE (HR: 1.24 [95% CI: 0.80–1.93]; P = 0.328) and mortality (HR: 1.49 [95% CI: 0.86–2.59]; P = 0.157), but no significance was reached. No difference for other components of MACE was found. For CIMT group (median follow up 4.74 years [IQR: 1.55–5.00]), no statistically significant difference in MACE was found (HR: 0.92 [95% CI: 0.53–1.59]; P = 0.754). Similarly, for cfPWV group (median follow-up 4.96 years [IQR: 1.55–5.00]), results did not support prognostic significance (for MACE, HR: 0.95 [95% CI: 0.65–1.39]; P = 0.794).

Conclusion
Endothelial function, CIMT and vascular stiffness were proven unsuitable as strong prognostic predictors in older patients with NSTEACS.

Clinical trial registration:
NCT01933581.
Ten-Year Stability of an Insomnia Sleeper Phenotype and Its Association With Chronic Conditions
Authors: Lee Soomi , Smith Claire E. , Wallace Meredith L. , Buxton Orfeu M. , Almeida David M. , Patel Sanjay R. , Andel Ross 
Published: March 2024

Objective
To identify distinct sleep health phenotypes in adults, examine transitions in sleep health phenotypes over time, and subsequently relate these to the risk of chronic conditions.

Methods
A national sample of adults from the Midlife in the United States study (N = 3683) provided longitudinal data with two time points (T1: 2004–2006, T2: 2013–2017). Participants self-reported on sleep health (regularity, satisfaction, alertness, efficiency, duration) and the number and type of chronic conditions. Covariates included age, sex, race, education, education, partnered status, number of children, work status, smoking, alcohol, and physical activity.

Results
Latent transition analysis identified four sleep health phenotypes across both time points: good sleepers, insomnia sleepers, weekend catch-up sleepers, and nappers. Between T1 and T2, the majority (77%) maintained their phenotype, with the nappers and insomnia sleepers being the most stable. In fully adjusted models with good sleepers at both time points as the reference, being an insomnia sleeper at either time point was related to having an increased number of total chronic conditions by 28%–81% at T2, adjusting for T1 conditions. Insomnia sleepers at both time points were at 72%–188% higher risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and frailty. Being a napper at any time point related to increased risks for diabetes, cancer, and frailty. Being a weekend catch-up sleeper was not associated with chronic conditions. Those with lower education and unemployed were more likely to be insomnia sleepers; older adults and retirees were more likely to be nappers.

Conclusion
Findings indicate a heightened risk of chronic conditions involved in suboptimal sleep health phenotypes, mainly insomnia sleepers.
Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome in First-Episode and Drug-Naïve Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Zhang Jian-Jun , Wang Jingxia , Wang Xiao-Qian , Zhang Xiang-Yang 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric symptom worldwide, and the coexistence of MDD with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is common in clinical practice. However, gender differences in comorbid MetS in first-episode and drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients have not been reported. Here, we explored potential gender differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of comorbid MetS in FEDN MDD patients.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of 1718 FEDN MDD patients was conducted. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive subscale were used to evaluate depression, anxiety, and psychotic symptoms, respectively.

Results
The prevalence of MetS was 1.645-fold higher in female MDD patients (38.50%) than in male patients (26.53%). Patients with MetS had higher HAMD score, Hamilton Anxiety Scale score, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive subscale score than patients without MetS (p values < .001). Furthermore, suicide attempts (male: odds ratio [OR] = 1.706, p = .034; female: OR = 1.639, p = .004) and HAMD score (male: OR = 1.251, p < .001; female: OR = 1.148, p < .001) were independently associated with MetS in male and female patients, whereas age of onset was independently associated with MetS only in female patients (OR = 1.744, p = .047).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest significant gender differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of comorbid MetS in FEDN MDD patients. Clinical variables (suicide attempts and HAMD scores) may be independently associated with MetS in MDD patients.
Dynamic Associations Among Sleep, Emotion Dysregulation, and Desire to Live in a Perinatal Sample
Authors: Kaliush Parisa R. , Butner Jonathan E. , Williams Paula G. , Conradt Elisabeth , Crowell Sheila E. 
Published: March 2024

Objective
The present study prospectively examined dynamic associations among sleep, emotion dysregulation, and desire to live during the perinatal transition, as it was theorized that these factors may contribute to the emergence of postpartum suicide risk.

Method
Ninety-four women (M
age = 29.2 years; 23.4% Latina) wore wrist actigraphs and completed twice daily surveys for 7 days during the third trimester of pregnancy, 6 weeks postpartum, and 4 months postpartum. Multilevel, change-as-outcome models were built to examine changes in attractor dynamics among sleep, emotion dysregulation, and desire to live, as well as if sleep-emotion dysregulation dynamics differed based on participants’ desires to live.

Results
From pregnancy to 6 weeks postpartum, emotion dysregulation (B = −0.09, p = .032) and desire to live (B = −0.16, p < .001) exhibited more stable temporal patterns around higher emotion dysregulation and lower desire to live. Compared to women who reported consistently high desires to live, those who experienced fluctuations in their desires to live exhibited lower, more stable sleep efficiency during pregnancy (B = −0.90, p < .001). At 4 months postpartum, those with fluctuating desires to live exhibited a coupling dynamic whereby low sleep efficiency predicted increases in emotion dysregulation (B = −0.16, p = .020).

Conclusions
This study was the first to examine nonlinear dynamics among risk factors for postpartum suicide, which may be evident as early as pregnancy and 6 weeks postpartum. Sleep health, in particular, warrants further exploration as a key susceptibility factor in the emergence of postpartum suicide risk.

Preregistration
Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/qxb75/?view_only=799ffe5c048842dfb89d3ddfebaa420d).
Sleep Disturbance as a Mediator of Lung Cancer Stigma on Psychological Distress and Physical Symptom Burden
Authors: Williamson Timothy J. , Garon Edward B. , Irwin Michael R. , Choi Alyssa K. , Goldman Jonathan W. , Stanton Annette L. 
Published: March 2024

Objective
This study tested sleep disturbance as a mediator through which stigma and discrimination predict psychological distress and physical symptom burden in adults with lung cancer.

Methods
Lung cancer patients on active oncological treatment (N = 108; 74.1% stage IV) completed questionnaires on lung cancer stigma, sleep, distress, and physical symptoms at study entry and at 6- and 12-week follow-up. Mediation analyses were conducted to investigate whether stigma and discrimination predicted distress and physical symptoms at study entry and across 12 weeks through disrupted sleep.

Results
Higher discrimination (b = 5.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.10–8.94) and constrained disclosure (b = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.05–0.85) were associated significantly with higher sleep disruption at study entry. Sleep disruption, in turn, was associated with higher distress (b = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.09–0.29) and physical symptoms (b = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.17–0.40) at study entry. Sleep disruption significantly mediated relationships between higher discrimination and the outcomes of distress (indirect effect = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.13–1.96) and physical symptoms (indirect effect = 1.58, 95% CI = 0.37–2.79) at study entry. Sleep disruption also mediated relationships between constrained disclosure and the outcomes of distress (indirect effect = 0.85, 95% CI = < 0.01–0.17) and physical symptoms (indirect effect = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.01–0.25).

Conclusions
Lung cancer patients evidenced pronounced sleep disruption, which mediated relationships between indicators of lung cancer stigma and distress and physical symptoms at study entry. Research is needed to test additional mechanisms through which lung cancer stigma predicts these outcomes longitudinally.
Impact of respiratory viral infections on nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization dynamics in children
Authors: Howard Leigh M. , Grijalva Carlos G. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
Prevention of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children is a global health priority, as these remain a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality throughout the world. As new products and strategies to prevent respiratory infections caused by important pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and pneumococcus are advancing, increasing evidence suggests that these and other respiratory viruses and pneumococci may exhibit interactions that are associated with altered colonization and disease dynamics. We aim to review recent data evaluating interactions between respiratory viruses and pneumococci in the upper respiratory tract and their potential impact on pneumococcal colonization patterns and disease outcomes.

Recent findings
While interactions between influenza infection and subsequent increased susceptibility and transmissibility of colonizing pneumococci have been widely reported in the literature, emerging evidence suggests that human rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and other viruses may also exhibit interactions with pneumococci and alter pneumococcal colonization patterns. Additionally, colonizing pneumococci may play a role in modifying outcomes associated with respiratory viral infections. Recent evidence suggests that vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, and prevention of colonization with pneumococcal serotypes included in these vaccines, may be associated with reducing the risk of subsequent viral infection and the severity of the associated illnesses.

Summary
Understanding the direction and dynamics of viral-pneumococcal interactions may elucidate the potential effects of existing and emerging viral and bacterial vaccines and other preventive strategies on the health impact of these important respiratory pathogens.
Seizure Detection, Prediction, and Forecasting
Authors: Fu Aradia , Lado Fred A. 
Published: March 2024

Summary:
Among the many fears associated with seizures, patients with epilepsy are greatly frustrated and distressed over seizure's apparent unpredictable occurrence. However, increasing evidence have emerged over the years to support that seizure occurrence is not a random phenomenon as previously presumed; it has a cyclic rhythm that oscillates over multiple timescales. The pattern in rises and falls of seizure rate that varies over 24 hours, weeks, months, and years has become a target for the development of innovative devices that intend to detect, predict, and forecast seizures. This article will review the different tools and devices available or that have been previously studied for seizure detection, prediction, and forecasting, as well as the associated challenges and limitations with the utilization of these devices. Although there is strong evidence for rhythmicity in seizure occurrence, very little is known about the mechanism behind this oscillation. This article concludes with early insights into the regulations that may potentially drive this cyclical variability and future directions.
Control of cell state transitions by post-transcriptional regulation
Authors: Mulas Carla 
Published: March 2024

Cell state transitions are prevalent in biology, playing a fundamental role in development, homeostasis and repair. Dysregulation of cell state transitions can lead to or occur in a wide range of diseases. In this letter, I explore and highlight the role of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in determining the dynamics of cell state transitions. I propose that regulation of protein levels after transcription provides an under-appreciated regulatory route to obtain fast and sharp transitions between distinct cell states.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Causes and consequences of stochastic processes in development and disease’.
Tumor-microvessel on-a-chip reveals sequential intravasation cascade of cancer cell clusters
Authors: Ikeda Yukinori , Suehiro Jun-ichi , Oshima Hiroko , Kok Sau Yee , Takahashi Kazuki , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Watabe Tetsuro , Oshima Masanobu , Matsunaga Yukiko T. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTCirculating tumor cell (CTC) clusters are often detected in blood samples of patients with high-grade tumor and are associated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which CTC clusters are released from primary tumors beyond blood vessel barriers remain unclear. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture system is developed to visualize tumor intravasation by positioning tumor organoids with distinct genetic backgrounds to surround microvessels. We visualized tumor intravasation in a cluster unit, including collective migration in the collagen gel, vessel co-option, and the release of CTC clusters as one of cluster invasion manners yet reported previously. In addition, our results show that both transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression in tumor cells and subsequent induction of activin expression in endothelium are essential for tumor cell intravasation accompanied with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in microvessels. Our 3D in vitro system can be used to develop therapeutic strategies for tumor metastasis by targeting CTC clusters.
Systems genetics approach uncovers associations between host amylase locus, gut microbiome and metabolic traits in hyperlipidemic mice
Authors: Zhang Qijun , Hutchison Evan R. , Pan Calvin , Warren Matthew F. , Keller Mark P. , Attie Alan D. , Lusis Aldons J. , Rey Federico E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe molecular basis for how host genetic variation impacts gut microbial community and bacterial metabolic niches remain largely unknown. We leveraged 90 inbred hyperlipidemic mouse strains from the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP), previously studied for a variety of cardio-metabolic traits. Metagenomic analysis of cecal DNA followed by genome-wide association analysis identified genomic loci that were associated with microbial enterotypes in the gut. Among these we detected a genetic locus surrounding multiple amylase genes that was associated with abundances of Firmicutes (Lachnospiraceaefamily) and Bacteroidetes (Muribaculaceaefamily) taxa encoding distinct starch and sugar metabolism functions. We also found that lower amylase gene number in the mouse genome was associated with higher gutMuribaculaceaelevels. Previous work suggests that modulation of host amylase activity impacts the availability of carbohydrates to the host and potentially to gut bacteria. The genetic variants described above were associated with distinct gut microbial communities (enterotypes) with different predicted metabolic capacities for carbohydrate degradation. Mendelian randomization analysis revealed host phenotypes, including liver fibrosis and plasma HDL-cholesterol levels, that were associated with gut microbiome enterotypes. This work reveals novel relationships between host genetic variation, gut microbial enterotypes and host physiology/disease phenotypes in mice.
Sequential Transcriptional Programs of Tissue Residency Drive Human Uterine NK Cell Development
Authors: Greene Morgan , Asiimwe Rebecca , Wright Emma , Bell Markayla , Epstein Daniel , Yates Stefani D. , Knott Brittney , Fry Samantha , Clevenger Stephanie , Locke Jayme , Little Shawn C. , Richter Holly , Freud Aharon G. , Porrett Paige M. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryUterine natural killer cells are critical for pregnancy success, but the origin and development of these cells in humans remain unclear. Here we use various single cell approaches to identify the transcriptional programs governing uterine NK cell development in humans. These analyses suggest a developmental continuum which begins with seeding of the endometrium with blood immature CD56brightprecursors, evolves through CD56brightendometrial founder NK cells, and ends with tissue resident decidual NK cells during pregnancy which possess non-cytotoxic functions. Our work identifies a role for sequential programs of tissue residency in the differentiation of these cells, as differentiating endometrial tissue resident NK (trNK) cells acquire early and late transcriptional programs of residency which coincide with acquisition of unique non-cytotoxic effector programs. Notably, we identified early residency programs in human endometrial trNKs by expression ofNR4A2, AP-1 transcription factors, and other immediate early response genes that were shared with CD8 tissue resident memory T cells in mice, suggesting conservation of transcriptional programs of early tissue residency programs across species and cell types. Late residency programs were guided by TGFβ, which promoted expression of various integrins and trNK subset diversification within the non-pregnant endometrium. Altogether, these data identify the molecular foundations for endometrial trNK heterogeneity and suggest that the uterine NK diversity observed during pregnancy is established before embryo implantation and intimately tied to residency programming.