bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitofusin 2 displays fusion-independent roles in proteostasis surveillance
Authors: Joaquim Mariana , Altin Selver , Bulimaga Maria-Bianca , Simões Tânia , Nolte Hendrik , Bader Verian , Franchino Camilla Aurora , Plouzennec Solenn , Szczepanowska Karolina , Marchesan Elena , Hofmann Kay , Krüger Marcus , Ziviani Elena , Trifunovic Aleksandra , Chevrollier Arnaud , Winklhofer Konstanze F. , Motori Elisa , Odenthal Margarete , Escobar-Henriques Mafalda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles and their functional state dictates cellular proteostasis. However, little is known about the molecular gatekeepers involved, especially in absence of external stress. Here we identify a role of MFN2 in quality control independent of its function in organellar shape remodeling. MFN2 ablation alters the cellular proteome, marked for example by decreased levels of the import machinery and accumulation of the kinase PINK1. Moreover, MFN2 interacts with the proteasome and cytosolic chaperones, thereby preventing aggregation of newly translated proteins. Similarly to MFN2-KO cells, patient fibroblasts with MFN2-disease variants recapitulate excessive protein aggregation defects. Restoring MFN2 levels re-establishes proteostasis in MFN2-KO cells and rescues fusion defects of MFN1-KO cells. In contrast, MFN1 loss or mitochondrial shape alterations do not alter protein aggregation, consistent with a fusion-independent role of MFN2 in cellular homeostasis. In sum, our findings open new possibilities for therapeutic strategies by modulation of MFN2 levels.
Mechanisms of urate transport and uricosuric drugs inhibition in human URAT1
Authors: Guo Wenjun , Wei Miao , Li Yunfeng , Xu Jiaxuan , Zang Jiahe , Chen Yuezhou , Chen Lei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High urate levels in circulation lead to the accumulation of urate crystals in joints and ultimately inflammation and gout. The reabsorption process of urate in the kidney by the urate transporter URAT1 plays a pivotal role in controlling serum urate levels. Pharmacological inhibition of URAT1 by uricosuric drugs is a valid strategy for gout management. Despite the clinical significance of URAT1, its structural mechanism and dynamics remain incompletely understood. Here, we report the structures of human URAT1 (hURAT1) in complex with substrate urate or inhibitors benzbromarone and verinurad at resolution ranges from 3.0 to 3.3 Å. We observe urate in the central substrate-binding site of hURAT1 in the outward-facing conformation and urate is wrapped in the center of hURAT1 by five phenylalanines and coordinated by two positively charged residues on each side. Uricosuric compounds benzbromarone and verinurad occupy the urate-binding site of hURAT1 in the inward-facing conformation. Structural comparison between different conformations of hURAT1 reveals the rocker-switch-like mechanism for urate transport. Benzbromarone and verinurad exert their inhibitory effect by blocking not only the binding of urate but also the structural isomerization of hURAT1.
Origin and evolution of angular momentum of class II disks
Authors: Pelkonen V.-M. , Padoan P. , Juvela M. , Haugbølle T. , Nordlund Å. 
Published: February 2025

Context. While class II pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars have already accreted most of their mass, the continued inflow of fresh material via Bondi-Hoyle accretion acts as an additional mass reservoir for their circumstellar disks. This may explain the observed accretion rates of PMS stars, as well as observational inconsistencies in the mass and angular momentum balance of their disks.
Aims. Using a new simulation that reproduces the stellar initial mass function (IMF), we want to quantify the role of Bondi-Hoyle accretion in the formation of class II disks, as well as address the prospect of its observational detection with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
Methods. We studied the mass and angular momentum of the accreting gas using passively advected tracer particles in the simulation, and we carried out radiative transfer calculations of near-infrared scattering to generate synthetic JWST observations of Bondi-Hoyle trails of PMS stars.
Results. Gas accreting on class II PMS stars approximately 1 Myr after their formation has enough mass and angular momentum to strongly affect the evolution of the preexisting disks. The accreted angular momentum is large enough to also explain the observed size of class II disks. The orientation of the angular momentum vector can differ significantly from that of the previously accreted gas, which may result in a significant disk warping or misalignment. We also predict that JWST observations of class II stars will be able to detect Bondi-Hoyle trails with a 80%-100% success rate with only a 2 min exposure time, depending on the filter, if stars with both an accretion rate Ṁ > 5 × 10−10 M⊙/yr and a luminosity of L > 0.5 L⊙ are selected.
Disentangling stellar atmospheric parameters in astronomical spectra using generative adversarial neural networks
Authors: Manteiga M. , Santoveña R. , Álvarez M. A. , Dafonte C. , Penedo M. G. , Navarro S. , Corral L. 
Published: February 2025

Context. The rapid expansion of large-scale spectroscopic surveys has highlighted the need to use automatic methods to extract information about the properties of stars with the greatest efficiency and accuracy, and also to optimise the use of computational resources.
Aims. We developed a method based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) to disentangle the physical (effective temperature and gravity) and chemical (metallicity and overabundance of α elements with respect to iron) atmospheric properties in astronomical spectra. Using a projection of the stellar spectra, commonly called latent space, in which the contribution due to one or several main stellar physicochemical properties is minimised while others are enhanced, it was possible to maximise the information related to certain properties. This could then be extracted using artificial neural networks (ANNs) as regressors, with a higher accuracy than a reference method based on the use of ANNs that had been trained with the original spectra.
Methods. Our model utilises auto-encoders, comprising two ANNs: an encoder and a decoder that transform input data into a low-dimensional representation known as latent space. It also uses discriminators, which are additional neural networks aimed at transforming the traditional auto-encoder training into an adversarial approach. This is done to reinforce the astrophysical parameters or disentangle them from the latent space. We describe our Generative Adversarial Networks for Disentangling and Learning Framework (GANDALF) tool in this article. It was developed to define, train, and test our GAN model with a web framework to show visually how the disentangling algorithm works. It is open to the community in Github.
Results. We demonstrate the performance of our approach for retrieving atmospheric stellar properties from spectra using Gaia Radial Velocity Spectrograph (RVS) data from DR3. We used a data-driven perspective and obtained very competitive values, all within the literature errors, and with the advantage of an important dimensionality reduction of the data to be processed.
Hinhören lohnt sich – Identifikation und Intervention bei emotionaler Misshandlung
und Vernachlässigung
Authors: Berthold Oliver , Dierolf Verena , Fegert Jörg M. , Winter Sibylle M. 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungEmotionale Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung sind häufig, werden aber in medizinischen Einrichtungen
unterdiagnostiziert. Die Folge können erhebliche Schäden auf neurophysiologischer Ebene und in der
Beziehungs- und Verhaltensentwicklung sein. Frühe Interventionen sind notwendig, um negative Verläufe und
wiederholte Traumatisierungen abzuwenden. Kinderärzt:innen können eine Schlüsselrolle in der Erkennung
und der Einleitung von Interventionen spielen. Hierbei ist die Erkennung gefährdeter Kinder und die
Einleitung angemessener Interventionen notwendig.
Cannabiskonsum und Cannabis-assoziierte psychische Störungen bei Kindern und
Jugendlichen
Authors: Jarczok Tomasz A. , Hasan Alkomiet , Unterlaß Gabriele 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungCannabis gehört zu den am häufigsten von Jugendlichen konsumierten Suchtmitteln. Vor dem Hintergrund der
kürzlich in Deutschland erfolgten Cannabislegalisierung ist auch zukünftig von einer hohen klinischen
Relevanz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen auszugehen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die Grundlagen und
klinischen Aspekte des Cannabiskonsums sowie der damit verbundenen psychischen Störungen bei Jugendlichen
vorgestellt. Der Übergang vom Jugend- zum Erwachsenenalter geht mit neurobiologischen Prozessen einher,
die junge Cannabis-Konsumenten besonders anfällig für die Entwicklung einer Abhängigkeit und anderer
psychischer Störungen machen. Diagnostik und Therapie von Cannabisabhängigkeit und -missbrauch werden
unter Berücksichtigung der Besonderheiten bei minderjährigen Personen erörtert und anhand von Kasuistiken
veranschaulicht.
Somatische Belastungsstörung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – ein
Update
Authors: von Polier Georg G. , Hiemisch Andreas , Kopp Franziska 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungSomatische Belastungsstörungen sind bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zunehmend häufig und stellen eine
erhebliche Belastung für die Betroffenen und ihre Familien dar. Typische Symptome umfassen Schmerzen,
Übelkeit und Müdigkeit, die oft mit Ängsten und depressiven Symptomen einhergehen. Sie können zu
gravierenden funktionellen Einschränkungen führen, einschließlich Schulabsentismus und sozialem Rückzug.
Ein passiver Bewältigungsstil, der durch Schonung und Vermeidung von Anforderungen gekennzeichnet ist,
verstärkt die Beschwerden. Die Vermittlung der Diagnose und die Motivation für eine multidisziplinäre
Behandlung sind herausfordernd. Bei ausgeprägter oder chronifizierter Symptomatik und hohen
Schulfehlzeiten ist häufig eine stationäre Behandlung indiziert. Eine spezifische Therapie, welche
Elemente aus Edukation, Verhaltensaktivierung, Exposition und kognitive Verhaltenstherapie beinhaltet,
hat sich als hoch wirksam erwiesen und kann zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Symptomatik und der
Teilhabe am schulischen und sozialen Leben beitragen. Oftmals kann eine vollständige Heilung erzielt
werden.
Characterizing the Association Between Blood Urea Nitrogen Levels
within the Normal Range and Thyroid Function Among US Adults: NHANES 2007–2012
Findings
Authors: Liu Junru , Lu Xiaofeng , Zhu Xiaotao , Song Jialu , Zheng Xiaogang , Xu Chaoyang , Tong Huijing , Wang Mingzheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBlood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a key metric when evaluating the renal function of a
given patient. Individuals with chronic kidney disease also often present with
abnormal thyroid functionality. The specific association between BUN and thyroid
function, however, is not well understood. This study was thus developed to
explore how BUN levels within the normal range are related to thyroid activity
among adults in the USA. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES) dataset was leveraged for these analyses. Linear regression and
smoothed curve fitting approaches were employed to examine the association
between BUN levels and measures of thyroid function, with appropriate weighted
and subgroup analyses. The 2007–2012 NHANEs cycles included 6231 eligible adults
with BUN levels from 2.5–8.0 mmol/l. Under adjusted models, a higher BUN level
was associated with reductions in FT3 (β=–0.01; p=0.047), TT3 (β=–1.08;
p=0.003), and TT4 (β=–0.10; p=0.003) levels. In subgroup analyses, BUN levels
were respectively found to be negatively correlated with FT3 and TT4 levels in
subjects who were inactive and active. These findings are consistent with
reduced FT3, TT4, and TT4 levels being correlated with higher BUN levels within
the normal range among American adults. In non-physically active subjects, FT3
levels were more closely related to increasing BUN levels, whereas TT4 levels
were more closely related to BUN levels among physically active subjects.
However, additional research will be vital to clarify the mechanisms that
underlie these results.
Effect of Foveal Herniation on Surgical Outcomes of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Peeling: A Challenging Presentation
Authors: Bravetti Giacomo Edoardo , Mandrioli Matteo , Cappuccini Luca , Bravetti Giorgio Enrico 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this report is to describe the visual symptoms and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings associated with foveal herniation with epiretinal membrane and to evaluate the postoperative visual, anatomical, and surgical outcomes.
Background Foveal herniation occurs when neuroretinal tissue protrudes through and above the level of an epiretinal membrane. The pathogenesis of foveal herniation is still unknown, though it is likely attributable to the centripetal contraction of the epiretinal membrane (ERM). Moreover, thinning of the prefoveolar internal limiting membrane (ILM) may further exacerbate this process by reducing the structural support for the retina in that area. In the literature, foveal herniation with ERM is rare and usually described as unilateral. Most cases present a good visual outcome after surgical intervention.
Case Description We describe the case of a 37-year-old Caucasian male patient, without any previous ocular history, who presented with metamorphopsia and a sustained reduction visual acuity to his left eye that had persisted for several months. The baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded as 0.05 decimals. Anterior segment examination was unremarkable, while dilated fundoscopy revealed an ERM with a concentric ring of foveal tissue prolapse. SD-OCT showed the foveal tissue protruding through and above the ERM, demonstrating the severe foveal herniation. A diagnosis of idiopathic ERM with foveal herniation was established based on these findings. Subsequently, the patient was scheduled for surgical intervention to undergo pars-plana vitrectomy with ERM peeling. After the surgery, the patient experienced progressive restoration of the foveal anatomy and an improvement of vision to 0.6 decimals from baseline at 3 months.
Conclusion This case report shows a rare finding of foveal herniation with ERM. This atypical presentation is of important clinical relevance in drawing cliniciansʼ attention to the possibility of these findings, with the goal to prevent erroneous diagnosis and unnecessary treatments. We demonstrate the visual improvement and gradual resolution of foveal herniation with SD-OCT images after ERM removal, and the images show that it may take a few months for the foveal bulge to decrease in height. When the outer retinal layers are normal, visual recovery, though delayed, is appreciable.
Ambulation during Neuraxial Analgesia in Obese Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Suresh Sunitha , Seiler F. Arran , Arnolds David , Gonzalez Maritza , Cole Naida , Silver Richard , Scavone Barbara , Dude Annie 
Published: February 2025

Objective Prior studies have yielded mixed results regarding ambulation with neuraxial analgesia and labor outcomes, and studies did not include a significant obese population. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of ambulation with optimized neuraxial analgesia in laboring nulliparous obese patients.
Study Design This was a pilot study at the University of Chicago (approval no.: IRB 19-1600, CT NCT04504682). Inclusion criteria were delivery BMI of ≥35 kg/m2, nulliparity, and term gestation. Contraindications to ambulation or vaginal delivery conferred ineligibility. Combined spinal-epidural analgesia was initiated per our institution's policy. Following epidural catheter placement, serial blood pressure measurements and motor assessments including a straight leg test and a step stool test were completed per safety protocol. Patients who passed these assessments were enrolled. Patients were encouraged to ambulate for 20 minutes every hour while on fetal and uterine telemetry. Ambulation was discouraged after complete dilation. Demographics and delivery outcomes were collected. Our primary objective was to evaluate feasibility through acceptability, and safety via the number of falls, and percentage of patients with any ambulation. The study was closed early due to enrollment difficulties and in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results A total of 105 patients were identified for the trial: 20 were ineligible for the study, 20 could not be approached, and 40 declined study participation, leaving 25 patients who consented. Of those 25, 14 completed the study. Out of 14 participants, 11 were ambulated. The average BMI of these participants was 43 kg/m2. No patients fell during the trial.
Conclusion A pilot trial of ambulation during neuraxial analgesia among an obese nulliparous population demonstrated no safety concerns, but with concern regarding feasibility as there was low acceptance.
Key Points
Anatomy Insights and Key Pearls for Bronchial Artery Embolization
Authors: Mansur Arian , Ghadery Abdolkarim Haji , Cohen Emil I. , Schroeder Jamie Lee T. , Habibollahi Peiman , Ukeh Ifechi , Ozen Merve , Anderson Eric , Boas F. Edward , Nezami Nariman 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAlthough bronchial artery embolization (BAE) initially emerged as a critical minimally invasive image-guided procedure to manage massive hemoptysis regardless of underlying etiologies, there has been a growing interest in BAE to treat pulmonary malignancies within recent years. This article provides an in-depth exploration of bronchial artery anatomy, pathologies, imaging modalities in guiding effective BAE, and procedural pearls for successful intervention. The complexity of bronchial artery anatomy, including its variations and potential complications during embolization, necessitates thorough understanding and precise procedural techniques to optimize patient outcomes and minimize risks.
Unspezifische Effekte in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Luomajoki Hannu , Schwertfellner Christoph 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungNeben den spezifischen Wirkungen einer therapeutischen Intervention gibt es immer auch zahlreiche
unspezifische Wirkungen. Dazu gehören Kontextfaktoren, wie z. B. das Verhalten der Therapeut*innen, die
Erwartungen der Patient*innen, Kommunikation und Interaktion, aber auch Placebo- und Nocebo-Effekte.
Translocation of a rehabilitated juvenile platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
Authors: Thomas Jessica L. 
Published: February 2025

The success of rehabilitated juvenile animals after release is poorly studied. This study monitored the behaviour and habitat use of a juvenile male platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) found in poor body condition on a driveway and rehabilitated, before undergoing an inter-catchment translocation. Radio telemetry tracked his movements and resting locations for 18 days during which he used more vegetation for shelter than burrows. After 8 days in the creek near the release site, he travelled through drains into a swamp, potentially displaced by resident platypuses, where the signal was lost. The results demonstrate significant challenges in post-release survival, including burrow creation. This case highlights the importance of monitoring animals after release.
Human-animal bonds and mental health: Examining the roles of bond strength, interactions, and attachment security
Authors: Orlando Elizabeth M. , Chin Brian N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines how human-animal bonds and interactions impact human mental health. We hypothesized that stronger and more secure human-pet bonds and more frequent interactions would improve mental health, and that more frequent human-pet interactions would correlate with stronger and more secure human-pet bonds. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from 1028 US adults with pets who completed questionnaires assessing bond strength, pet interactions, and depression symptoms. Our results indicated that higher pet attachment anxiety was the only significant predictor of prevalent depression symptoms. Additionally, more frequent interactions with pets (e.g., affection, play) were linked to stronger and more secure bonds. Participants owning both cats and dogs reported more depression symptoms than those who owned cats or dogs only but pet type did not influence bond strength, security, or interaction frequency. These findings highlight attachment anxiety as a key characteristic of human-pet relationships that underlie their impact on mental health. Future research should explore whether fostering a more secure human-pet bond by increasing the frequency of pleasant human-pet interactions and whether human mental health can be improved by fostering a more secure bond with pets.
Diatomic molecule in the polar trap
Authors: Yaremko Yurij , Przybylska Maria , Maciejewski Andrzej J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We discuss the trapping of heteronuclear diatomic molecules prepared in their electronic and vibrational ground states. We tune and shape the trapping potential for bosonic polar molecules in superpositions of rotational states by dressing rotational excitations with a static sextupole electric field. The translational motion of a molecule is treated classically. We examine the Hamiltonian which governs the center of mass dynamics. The effective potential has a global minimum that provides the trapping ability of this trap. The first term of its Taylor series expansion, corresponding to the quadratic Stark shifts, results in the integrable potential. In terms of cylindrical coordinates the center of mass Hamiltonian splits into axial and radial parts. Corresponding trajectories are parameterized by elliptic functions. At low electric fields, the non-approximated Hamiltonian is treated as a small perturbation of the mentioned integrable system described by Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory. The applicability of this approximation is discussed and illustrated using the Poincaré cross-section method. We present results of numerical simulations illustrating the trapping and confinement of a polar molecule in the trap.