bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Effects of High-Dose Phenylephrine in the Management of Prolonged Ischaemic Priapism
Authors: Muneer Asif , Minhas Suks , Freeman Alex , Kumar Pardeep , Ralph David J. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Acute priapism can be managed by corporal blood aspirations and the instillation of α adrenergic agonists such as phenylephrine if patients present early. Following prolonged ischaemic priapism, this regimen is often unsuccessful, and the use of phenylephrine is limited due to systemic cardiovascular side effects.

Aim
To investigate the effects of high-dose phenylephrine on human corpus cavernosal smooth muscle obtained from patients presenting with refractory ischaemic priapism.

Methods
Strips of corpus cavernosum were obtained from six patients presenting with prolonged ischaemic priapism (duration 60–240 hours), where detumescence was refractory to conventional doses of phenylephrine. The smooth muscle contractile response to high doses of phenylephrine were then compared with that of normal control corpus cavernosum obtained from four patients undergoing a penectomy for penile cancer. The tissue was then analyzed using TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) to assess its viability.

Main Outcome Measures
The in vitro response to high-dose phenylephrine of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle obtained from patients with refractory priapism compared with normal human corpus cavernosum.

Results
Corporal blood gas analysis confirmed hypoxia (pO2 1.5–2.3 kPa), acidosis (pH 6.9–7.1), and glucopenia (0–0.3 mmol/L) in all six patients confirming the ischaemic nature of the priapism. Application of high doses of phenylephrine produced a marked muscle contraction in the control tissue, but there was no contractile response at all in any of the priapism patients. Analysis with TUNEL indicated widespread smooth muscle cell apoptosis in all the priapism tissue.

Conclusions
This study has shown that patients with ischaemic priapism that fails to respond to conventional doses of an α-agonist are unlikely to benefit from continual or high-dose phenylephrine administration, as there is usually widespread apoptosis of the cavernosal smooth muscle preventing further contraction.
Seeding rate for the sorghum‐sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor Moench × Sorghum sudanense [Piper] Stapf.) in the mixed seeding cultivation with corn (Zea mays L.) under a partial tillage condition in Kyushu region, Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Ryoji , Sato Kenzi , Hattori Ikuo , Tateno Koji 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn the Kyushu region of Japan, mixed seeding cultivation of corn and sorghum is promising as a labor‐saving cropping system that makes effective use of forage crop fields in the summer season. In this study, we tested a few levels of seeding rates of a sorghum‐sudangrass hybrid (SSH) in a mixed seeding with corn planted at the standard rate (6.67 plants m−2) under a partial tillage condition in fields where Italian ryegrass had been sown after manure application and its second crop had been harvested. Our results indicate that the appropriate seeding rate of SSH with corn under partial tillage to maximize both the corn yield in the first crop and the annual yield is 1 g m−2, irrespective of the manure application levels. At this rate, the annual yield from the mixed‐seeded plots of corn and SSH was 20% higher than that from plots on which corn was seeded alone.
BIOCHEMISTRY CHARACTERIZATION OF α‐ AND β‐AMYLASES FROM ZEA MAYS MALT AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS APPROACH OF THE DEGRADATION OF MANIOC STARCH
Authors: CURVELO‐SANTANA JOSÉ CARLOS , FERREIRA GRAZIELA BATISTA , BIAZUS JOANA PAULA MENEZES , DE SOUZA ROBERTO RODRIGUES , TAMBOURGI ELIAS BASILE 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT This work examined the degradation of manioc starch by amylases from maize malt and the biochemistry characterization of enzymes. Enzyme characterization showed that the maize malt amylases have optimal pH between 4.5 and 6.5, with optimal temperature between 50 and 90C; Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity of starch hydrolysis (Vmax) values for starch hydrolysis by maize malt were 7.69 × 10−2 g/L and 7.69 × 102 g/L/min, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the eluted sample from ion‐exchange expanded bed chromatography showed that molecular weights of α‐ and β‐amylases from maize malt were of 67.4 and 47.5 kDa, respectively. The hydrolysis times had been found between 20 and 30 h, and the higher hydrolysis yield values were about 31%; it was higher than 27% (cited by literature) and was obtained at 65C and at 9 and 11% (w/v) of any starch concentration studied.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results of this work have practical uses in the hydrolysis process of starch by food industries (beers, beverages, bakeries, syrups and others). This work shows optimal conditions of using the amylases from maize malt in starch hydrolysis. Recently, a search for new energetic sources has been unleashed after the pronounced governing of various countries on a possible energetic crisis. At present, Brazil is in search of methods that will increase the ethanol offer by production of combustible alcohol. Thus, this study shows the optimal conditions to produce fermentable syrup from manioc starch and as a potential substitute to sugarcane in alcohol production.
Identification of 21 polymorphic microsatellites in the African parasitoid wasp, Psyttalia lounsburyi (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: BON M. C. , JONES W. , HURARD C. , LOISEAU A. , RIS N. , PICKETT C. , ESTOUP A. , FAUVERGUE X. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe have developed 21 dinucleotide repeat microsatellite loci from African populations of Psyttalia lounsburyi (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid wasp of the olive fruit fly, as part of a study assessing the role of introgression/hybridization in the success of a biological control introduction. We proposed suitable conditions for polymerase chain reaction multiplexing. All 21 loci were polymorphic with two to 21 alleles per locus within the Kenyan and South African populations tested. Most of them were successfully amplified in two other Psyttalia species.
Development and characterization of 10 microsatellite markers for the semi‐evergreen tree species, Ligustrum ovalifolium (Oleaceae)
Authors: KODAMA KOSEI , YAMADA TAKAYUKI , MAKI MASAYUKI 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Ligustrum ovalifolium is a semi‐evergreen tree distributed in the western part of Japan and southern Korea. This species contains an insular endemic variety, L. ovalifolium var. pacificum; this variety occurs only on the Izu Islands located south of the Japanese mainland Honshu. We isolated 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the species, and characterized them for 21 individuals from a population of L. ovalifolium. The primers developed in this study yielded an average 12.2 alleles per locus and an average expected heterozygosity of 0.78. These markers will be powerful tools for studying the genetic differentiation within the species.
Ten microsatellite loci from Solms‐laubachia eurycarpa (Brassicaceae)
Authors: YUE JIPEI , FELDHEIM KEVIN A , SUN HANG , REE RICHARD 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Solms‐laubachia eurycarpa is a medicinal herb endemic to the Hengduan Mountains region of south‐central China. We screened a partial genomic library enriched for microsatellites and characterized 10 polymorphic loci for S. eurycarpa. The number of alleles per locus ranged from five to 15, with an average of 9.6. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.2 to 0.725 and from 0.585 to 0.871, respectively. Amplification in closely related taxa was successful for most loci. The results indicate significant potential for the utility of these markers in studying the population genetics of S. eurycarpa and related species.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for Hymenaea courbaril and transferability to Hymenaea stigonocarpa, two tropical timber species
Authors: CIAMPI A. Y. , AZEVEDO V. C. R. , GAIOTTO F. A. , RAMOS A. C. S. , LOVATO M. B. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Hymenaea courbaril is a tropical timber species, intensely exploited and found in the Amazon, Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Cerrado biome. Nine highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed from a genomic library enriched for AG/TC repeats. In a total of 41 individuals, from two natural populations, seven to 13 alleles per locus were detected and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.75 to 0.90. Seven loci were effectively transferred to Hymenaea stigonocarpa. High levels of polymorphism make the present primers useful for population genetic studies and are a powerful tool to investigate mating system, gene flow and spatial genetic structure.
A Judicial‐Mental Health Partnership to Heal Young Children in Juvenile Court
Authors: Lederman Judge Cindy S. , Osofsky Joy D. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTIn this article, we describe the background and issues to be addressed related to dependent children in juvenile court. In an important effort to systematically examine developmental functioning and treatment needs in maltreated and violence‐exposed young children, the Prevention and Evaluation of Early Neglect and Trauma (PREVENT) initiative of the Dependency Court Intervention Program for Family Violence, a national demonstration project in the Miami‐Dade Juvenile Court, developed a program to evaluate all infants, toddlers, and preschoolers who are adjudicated dependent by the court. The goal of the intervention is to raise awareness of the needs of infants and toddlers in juvenile court and to work toward healing the child. The PREVENT program involved the evolution of a judicial‐mental health partnership designed to assist the court in making more informed decisions about the best interest of the child by adding scientific knowledge about development, prevention, intervention, evaluation, and treatment. The outcome of the partnership and multidisciplinary approach is illustrated through presenting a case vignette of a mother and baby showing the challenges and strengths of intervention. Finally, we consider overall outcomes of the intervention and directions for the future.
Why Medical Child Support is Important—and Complex
Authors: Paikin Susan F. , White Judge A. Ellen 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTCourts resolving child support cases involving separated, divorced, and non‐marital children are charged with defining responsibility for health care coverage for the children under that order. This article explores historical and current medical child support requirements under Title IV‐D of the Social Security Act—the national child support enforcement (“IV‐D”) program. It analyzes legal requirements and policy recommendations, and provides a practical tool judges may use to determine whether health care coverage available to either or both parents is appropriate—that is, comprehensive, accessible, and affordable.
Targeting Underage Drinking and Driving in Juvenile and Domestic Relations Courts: The Reinforcing Alcohol Prevention (RAP) Program
Authors: Will Kelli England , Sabo Cynthia Shier 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTAlcohol use is a concern among our nation's least experienced drivers, and underage drinking contributes to the overall burden of traffic injury and mortality. The goal of the Reinforcing Alcohol Prevention (RAP) Program was to develop a court‐based program targeting underage drinking and driving among teens. An advisory board created the program which included changes to the drivers' licensing ceremonies and traffic dockets conducted in Juvenile and Domestic Relations Courts. Additions included 5‐minute videos of individuals in alcohol‐related crashes and a crash‐photo display. Exit evaluations garnering impressions/opinions of the program indicated 84% of teenagers felt every teen should view the presentation and 96% would be less likely to drive after drinking. The RAP Program has been well‐received by judges and participants and could be easily implemented by other jurisdictions.
Contact Value Formulae for the Density Profiles of the Electric Double Layer
Authors: Henderson Douglas J. , Bhuiyan Lutful B. 
Published: May 2008

An exact sum rule, due to Henderson, Blum, and Lebowitz, for the contact value of the density profile of ions in a primitive model electrolyte next to a planar, nonpolarizable charged hard wall, has been known for some years. This result has a pleasing physical interpretation and is local. It has been useful in assessing the accuracy of theoretical approximations. However, a sum rule for the contact value of the charge profile for the same system has, until recently, not been known. A few years ago, Boda and Henderson proposed what they thought might be a useful, but approximate, local expression for the contact value of the charge profile at a weakly charged electrode. Very recent computer simulations indicate that this expression may well be exact at low electrode charge. Recently, Holovko, Badiali, and di Caprio have obtained a more general, but nonlocal, sum rule for the contact value of the charge profile that is valid for all electrode charge. In this paper, we develop an alternative, nonlocal, but nonrigorous expression for this quantity. Both the expression of Holovko et al. and our new expression are examined by means of computer simulations. The Holovko et al. expression is exact and, within numerical uncertainties, seems supported by our simulations. Although admittedly nonrigorous, our simpler expression is in seemingly reasonable agreement with simulation and thus appears to be useful. The relation between the two expressions has not been established.
Evaluating the interaction between genotype and water stress in the hybrid poplar – Septoria musiva pathosystemThis note is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Poplar Research in Canada.
Authors: LeBoldus Jared M. , Blenis Peter V. , Thomas Barb R. 
Published: May 2008

Septoria musiva , the causal agent of Septoria canker, has caused widespread damage to plantations of hybrid poplar across North America. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the size of interactions between the genotype factors of (i) clone, (ii) isolate, and (iii) the clone–isolate interaction and the environmental factor of water stress. Four clones of hybrid poplar were inoculated with four isolates of S. musiva and subsequently exposed to two levels of water stress (stressed and unstressed). Tree height, root collar diameter (RCD), and disease severity were measured 56 d after inoculation. Water stress reduced height and RCD growth by approximately 30% but did not affect disease severity (P = 0.258). Of the explained variability, 97.5% was attributable to genotype effects (89% from clone, 0% from isolate, and 8.5% from clone–isolate interaction). The remaining 2.5% of the variation was accounted for by the genotype – water stress interaction. These results suggest that clonal effects will be more important determinants of disease severity under greenhouse conditions than genotype – water stress interactions.
Sap velocity as an indicator of diurnal and long-term hydraulic resistance changes in mature ‘Walker’ hybrid poplar treesThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Poplar Research in Canada.
Authors: Kort J. , Blake T.J. 
Published: May 2008

Hydraulic resistance directly limits sap flow in trees so that understanding water-use patterns in poplar trees requires knowledge about diurnal and long-term changes in resistances in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. Granier thermal dissipation probes were used for continuous measurements of sap velocity (V) changes over time and whole-tree water-use patterns in the main stems of ‘Walker’ hybrid poplar trees. When atmospheric demand was low, V depended only on solar radiation (Rg) and vapour pressure difference (VPD). However, on warm, sunny days, midday V decreased, despite a constant leaf water potential (Ψl) of –1.5 MPa. Because bulk soil water potential (Ψs) did not change significantly, the constant Ψl implied that the water potential difference (ΔΨ) remained diurnally constant. Although stomatal control would explain changes in V when VPD was low, an increase in hydraulic resistance was required to explain the decrease in V when VPD was high. Xylem cavitation was ruled out as a cause because the apparent increase in resistance reversed in late afternoon, while VPD was still high. Mid-August irrigation immediately increased daily V, which was attributed to a change in ΔΨ because of less negative Ψs. A gradual increase in sap flow over two weeks following irrigation implied a decrease in plant hydraulic resistance, most likely attributable to new root growth. It was concluded that hydraulic resistance changes, both diurnal and in the longer term, occurred primarily at the rhizosphere or root level.
Floods, fire, and ice: disturbance ecology of riparian cottonwoodsThe review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Poplar Research in Canada.
Authors: Rood Stewart B. , Goater Lori A. , Mahoney John M. , Pearce Cheryl M. , Smith Derald G. 
Published: May 2008

Cottonwoods are poplar trees that are well adapted to dynamic riparian, or streamside, zones throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Here we assess the influences of three prominent physical disturbances, floods, fire, and ice, on cottonwood population ecology. We emphasize cottonwoods along rivers from the “Crown of the Continent”, the central Rocky Mountain zone around the Canada – United States border, where five Populus species overlap and four hybridize. Moderate to major floods scour banks and deposit bars, creating barren and moist colonization sites that are essential for cottonwood seedling recruitment. Floods also scarify shallow roots, thus promoting clonal suckering, especially for the section Tacamahaca species: narrowleaf cottonwood ( Populus angustifolia James), balsam poplar ( Populus balsamifera L.), and black cottonwood ( Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray). Fire would naturally be less frequent in some riparian zones because of the moist conditions and firebreaks provided by the streams, but with human use, floodplain forest fires have probably increased. Following fire, regrowth through clonal root and shoot suckers can be prolific for the Tacamahaca species, but is limited for the section Aigeiros , prairie cottonwood ( Populus deltoides Bartr.). River ice, and especially ice drives that accompany winter or spring break-up, provide powerful riparian disturbances that have often been neglected. Ice drives generate barren sites for seedling colonization, shear shoots, and scarify roots promoting shoot and root suckering, and sever branches, enabling dispersive clonal branch propagation. Following studies along many regional rivers, we conclude that: (i) riparian cottonwoods are tolerant of, and dependent upon, occasional physical disturbance for population rejuvenation; (ii) differing disturbance responses contribute to niche differentiation across the Populus species; (iii) different disturbances enable varied spatial and temporal patterns of cottonwood establishment, including fringe, general, and patch recruitment; and (iv) natural disturbance regimes probably favor native cottonwoods and disfavor some invasive, woody plants. River damming and flow regulation often attempt to attenuate flood and ice disturbance, a management objective that may hinder the perpetuation of native floodplain forests. We recommend that river resource managers seek to allow flood and ice disturbance, and additionally, fire may provide a managed disturbance that could rejuvenate overmature cottonwood groves along some regulated rivers.
Influence of glacitectonic fractures on wall failure in open excavations: Heath Steele Mines, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Park Adrian F , Broster Bruce E 
Published: May 2008

Recognition and detailed mapping of glacigenic fractures and reactivated joints, along with such glacigenic features as striae and till fabrics, prove critical in predicting ground control hazards such as pit wall failure. Following a period of heavy rain in the autumn of 1991, a failure occured on part of the wall of an open-pit mining operation on the Heath Steel Mines property. The failure surfaces bounding the complex landslips of the pit wall were all either original glacigenic fractures or other joints reactivated during Late Wisconsinan glacier overriding. Apart from differential movement, such features include joints filled with coarse sand or clay. Comparaison of the geometry of glacigenic fractures in failed areas with the same features in areas just as densely fractured, but which did not fail, reveal a combination of circumstances where failure was predictable. In this case failure of an unstable rock mass resulted from unfavourable kinematic relationships involving the following: the low strength of clay- and sand-filled joints, the presence of highly permeable and weathered joint conduits, the unfavourable geometry between wall and joint orientation, and an occurrence of increased fluid pressure along the joints from high rainfall that triggered movement. Key words: glacitectonics, geotechnical, wall failure, excavations, rock-quality data, instability.
Analysis of case histories from construction of the Central Expressway in Singapore
Authors: Wong I H , Poh T Y , Chuah H L 
Published: May 2008

The construction of the cut-and-cover tunnels and depressed roadways of the Central Expressway (CTE) Phase II, Singapore, involved deep excavations. An extensive instrumentation program was carried out to monitor the behaviour of the excavations. The performance of three instrumented excavations from the construction of the CTE Phase II have been documented and analyzed using the finite element method (EXCAV) or finite difference method (FLAC). The results of the analyses show that the computed wall movements agree well with field measurements of wall movement and the computed wall bending moments generally agree quite well with those obtained from back-calculation. Key words: deep excavation, stiff clay, numerical analysis, displacements.
Liquid limits and fall cones
Authors: Leroueil Serge , Le Bihan Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2008

The Bureau de normalisation du Québec and the Canadian Standards Association developed standards for the determination of the liquid limit using the fall cone method and the percussion method. This technical note compares the liquid limit values obtained with these two methods and also compares them with those obtained using methods and standards developed in other countries. Key words: clays, liquid limits, fall cone, standards.
Anchor rod forces and maximum bending moments in sheet pile walls using the factored strength approach
Authors: Schriver A B , Valsangkar A J 
Published: May 2008

Recently, the limit states approach using factored strength has been recommended in geotechnical design. Some recent research has indicated that the application of limit states design using recommended load and strength factors leads to conservative designs compared with the conventional methods. In this study the influence of sheet pile wall geometry, type of water pressure distribution, and different methods of analysis on the maximum bending moment and achor rod force are presented. Recommendations are made to make the factored strength design compatible with conventional design. Key words: factored strength, working stress design, ultimate limit state design, anchored sheet pile wall, bending moment, anchor rod force.