bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two innovative equivalent statements of the third law of thermodynamics
Authors: Chen 陈 Xiaohang 晓航 , Zhou 周 Yinghui 颖慧 , Chen 陈 Jincan 金灿 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It is found from textbooks and literature that there are three different statements for the third law of thermodynamics, i.e., the Nernst theorem, the unattainability statement of absolute zero temperature, and the heat capacity statement. It is pointed out that such three statements correspond to three thermodynamic parameters, which are, respectively, the entropy, temperature, and heat capacity, and can be obtained by extrapolating the experimental results of different parameters at ultra-low temperatures to absolute zero. It is expounded that because there is no need for additional assumptions in the derivation of the Nernst equation, the Nernst theorem should be renamed as the Nernst statement. Moreover, it is proved that both the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are mutually deducible and equivalent, while the unattainability of absolute zero temperature is only a corollary of the Nernst statement or the heat capacity statement so that it is unsuitably referred to as one statement of the third law of thermodynamics. The conclusion is that the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are two equivalent statements of the third law of thermodynamics.
Electronic transport evolution across the successive structural transitions in Ni50–xFexTi50 shape memory alloys
Authors: He 何 Ping 萍 , Yang 杨 Jinying 金颖 , Ren 任 Qiusa 秋飒 , Wang 王 Binbin 彬彬 , Wu 吴 Guangheng 光恒 , Liu 刘 Enke 恩克 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
TiNi-based shape memory alloys have been extensively investigated due to their significant applications, but a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of electronic structure and electrical transport in a system with martensitic transformations (MT) is still lacking. In this work, we focused on the electronic transport behavior of three phases in Ni50−x
Fe
x
Ti50 across the MT. A phase diagram of Ni50−x
Fe
x
Ti50 was established based on x-ray diffraction, calorimetric, magnetic, and electrical measurements. To reveal the driving force of MT, phonon softening was revealed using first-principles calculations. Notably, the transverse and longitudinal transport behavior changed significantly across the phase transition, which can be attributed to the reconstruction of electronic structures. This work promotes the understanding of phase transitions and demonstrates the sensitivity of electron transport to phase transition.
Influences of divalent ion substitution on the magnetic and dielectric properties of W-type barium ferrite
Authors: He 何 Shiyue 诗悦 , Liu 刘 Ruoshui 若水 , Liu 刘 Xujie 煦婕 , Ye 叶 Xianping 先平 , Wang 王 Lichen 利晨 , Shen 沈 Baogen 保根 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Saturation magnetization, magneto-crystalline anisotropy field, and dielectric properties are closely related to microwave devices applied at different frequencies. For regulating the magnetic and dielectric properties of W-type barium ferrites, single-phase BaMe
2Fe16O27 (Me = Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Co) with different Me ions were synthesized by the high-temperature solid-state method. The saturation magnetization (M
s) range from 47.77 emu/g to 95.34 emu/g and the magnetic anisotropy field (H
a) range from 10700.60 Oe (1 Oe = 79.5775 A⋅m−1) to 13739.57 Oe, depending on the type of cation substitution in the hexagonal lattice. The dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss decrease with increasing frequency of the AC electric field in the low-frequency region, while they almost remain constant in the high-frequency region. The characteristics of easy regulation and preparation make it a potential candidate for use in microwave device applications.
Performance of JT-60SA Thomson Scattering data analysis system
Authors: Akimitsu M. , Ohtani Y. , Funaba H. , Tojo H. , D'Isa F.A. , Sasao H. , Nakano T. , Yoshida M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We have developed signal processing routines for the Thomson Scattering measurement, which is planned for use in the next campaign of the JT-60SA large-scale tokamak experiment.
This paper provides the data analysis system and its performance evaluated in terms of computation time and error.
The sequential routine of determining the scattered light intensity from a simulated signal, including noise data from a 1 Gs/s high-speed sampling digitizer, and determining the electron temperature and density was tested for the first time on an actual machine.
The data analysis system ensures that electron temperature and density can be calculated with reasonable relative errors and within a realistic time frame for operations on JT-60SA.
Effect of schooling on flow generated sounds from carangiform swimmers
Authors: Zhou Ji , Seo Jung-Hee , Mittal Rajat 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Computational models are used to examine the effect of schooling on flow generated noise from fish swimming using their caudal fins. We simulate the flow as well as the far-field hydrodynamic sound generated by the time-varying pressure loading on these carangiform swimmers. The effect of the number of swimmers in the school, the relative phase of fin flapping of the swimmers, and their spatial arrangement is examined. The simulations indicate that the phase of the fin flapping is a dominant factor in the total sound radiated into the far-field by a group of swimmers. For small schools, a suitable choice of relative phase between the swimmers can significantly reduce the overall intensity of the sound radiated to the far-field. The relative positioning of the swimmers is also shown to have an impact on the total radiated noise. For a larger school, even highly uncorrelated phases of fin movement between the swimmers in the school are very effective in significantly reducing the overall intensity of sound radiated into the far-field. The implications of these findings for fish ethology as well as the design and operation of bioinspired vehicles are discussed.
Fabrication of thin silicon flakes through dealloying from laser directed energy deposition Ca-Si alloys
Authors: Liu Ruoshan , Jin Na , Liu Ying 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, thin silicon flakes were fabricated through dealloying from laser directed energy deposition (LDED) Ca-Si alloys, and the solidification mechanism of the lamellar eutectic microstructure was studied. With 1200 W laser power and 450 mm/min scanning speed, the LDED Ca-Si alloys have a fine lamellar eutectic microstructure and are easily separated from copper substrates. After dealloying in the diluted HCl solution for 6 h, the thin silicon flakes ranging in thickness from 100 nm to 0.5 μm were obtained. The formation of the thin flakes was attributed to fine lamellar Si phases in precursor alloys. The rapid solidification of laser processing could refine the microstructure, especially Si phases, and improve the chemical homogeneity of the material. Combining laser processing and dealloying, a cost-effective and scalable strategy was devised to fabricate fine powder from a laser processing optimized microstructure.
Analysis of wire-cut electric discharge machining behaviour of AA6061 / C / ZrO2 hybrid nano composites using Taguchi’s method
Authors: P Haja Syeddu Masooth , V Jayakumar , Bharathiraja G , Palani Kumaran 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the optimization of wire-cut electric discharge machining (WEDM) process for hybrid metal matrix nanocomposites. AA6061 alloy reinforced with graphene (C) and zirconia (ZrO2) was fabricated through the stir casting method with ultrasonic assistance for three different weight proportions: 92% AA6061 / 3% C / 5% ZrO2, 87% AA6061 / 3% C / 10% ZrO2, and 82% AA6061 / 3% C / 15% ZrO2. Microstructural examination confirmed the uniform distribution of reinforcements in the matrix alloy. The fabricated composite was machined by WEDM using an L27 orthogonal array designed by Taguchi’s method. Four electrical control factors of pulse on-time, pulse off-time, wire feedrate and peak current were considered, along with one reinforcement factor and three output responses: kerf width, surface finish and material removal rate to analyse the machining behaviour. Analysis of Variance was performed to determine the significant parameters. The results revealed that the most significant factor is pulse on-time among the five different factors. Optimized parameters were identified and examined through confirmation experiments resulting in improved machining characteristics.
Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and properties of the microtubes for GH4169 alloy
Authors: Kehang He , Yang Zixin , Guo Shengli , Zhu Baohong , Qiu Haochen , Wu Shuaishuai , Yan Xuehui , Jiang Wei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The effects of annealing temperature on the recrystallization and grain boundary distribution characteristic for the drawn microtube of GH4169 alloy were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis system and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results demonstrated that at an annealing temperature of 850 °C, only a small proportion of recrystallization for the microtube underwent. As the annealing temperature increased, the proportion of recrystallization also increased. Specifically, at 900 °C, the proportion reached 95.8%, indicating complete recrystallization. Fine recrystallization grains were obtained with an average grain size of 4.73 μm. As the annealing temperature is above 900 °C, the microtube also undergo complete recrystallization, and the grains grow up gradually. At 1000 °C, the average grain size grows to 7.42 μm. The results also revealed that with the annealing temperature increasing, the proportion of Σ 3 grain boundary of the microtube was rising. The proportion of Σ 3 grain boundary increased from 30.1% to 34.2% with the annealing temperature increased from 900 °C to 1000 °C. Moreover, as the annealing temperature increased from 850 °C to 1000 °C, the room temperature tensile strength of the tube decreased from 1323 MPa to 965 MPa, the yield strength decreased from 1054 MPa to 523 MPa, and the fracture elongation increased from 10.2% to 31.2%.
Facile fabrication of layer-structured graphene/copper composite with enhanced electrical and mechanical properties
Authors: Li Wenhui , Ma Junliang , Liu Baishan , Wang Wei , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Copper (Cu) and its related composites are widely used and hence extremely important in industrial applications. Much efforts have been made to improve the physical properties of Cu, but usually lead to degradation of electrical performance. Herein, this work develops a facile way to fabricate layer-structured graphene/copper composite using graphene powder sprayed on Cu foil as building blocks. Compared to pure Cu bulk, significant improvement of both the electrical conductivity of 105.12% IACS and also ∼17% enhanced tensile strength is achieved. This strategy provides a versatile way to produce high-performance Cu composite in large with low cost for practical applications.
Flexible resistive memory device with egg-albumen/HfO
x
hybrid bilayer: fabrication and modeling of its switching variations
Authors: Dwivedi Anurag , Saini Shalu , Lodhi Anil , Agarwal Harshit , Tiwari Shree Prakash 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Egg-albumen, a natural polymer, in bilayer combination with ultrathin HfO
x
is explored as an active switching layer component in flexible resistive random access memory devices. The fabricated devices have shown excellent switching characteristics with a current on/off ratio of greater than 104, stable retention of both low resistance and high resistance states, reliable multiple cycle switching, and very low switching power (with set power as 0.5 µW and reset power as 3.1 mW). To investigate the electro-mechanical stability, devices were bent with different bending radii and it was found that negligible degradation in device performance was observed until a 5 mm bending radius. Furthermore, a simple mathematical model is used to simulate the devices’ characteristics and the values of fitting parameters were extracted with a root mean square error of less than 4.5%. Moreover, a switching variation was introduced by utilizing variations of the physical parameters, and a near practical physics based mathematical device model was demonstrated which can enable the strengthening of simulation capabilities for exploration of unique flexible resistive memory devices and related circuits.
Bearings fault diagnosis under variable speed conditions by hypothesis-based FRFT technique
Authors: Cui Lingli , Fan Wei , Zhao Xinyuan , Liu Dongdong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The vibration signals of faulty bearings under non-stationary conditions are inherently multi-component and time-varying, which presents a challenge for effective fault diagnosis. Considering the vibration characteristics of rolling bearings under non-stationary conditions and taking advantage of the Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT), a novel diagnosis method based on the hypothesis-based FRFT has been proposed to separate the fault components. First, the fault characteristic frequencies (FCFs) are extracted from the time-frequency representation of the vibration signals, and the Vold-Kalman filtering is employed to eliminate the influence of noises and other interference components. Subsequently, the fractional feature model is constructed to obtain speed information by the hypothesis approach, whose central idea is that the rotational frequency (RF)-related frequencies under different fault types are estimated, based on the extracted FCFs and the fault characteristic orders. Finally, fault diagnosis is completed by the RF-related peaks in the final spectrum. The method eliminates the need for rotational speed measurement devices and angular resampling. Simulation and experiment estimation results show that the hypothesis-based FRFT method can accurately locate fault characteristic components of bearings under non-stationary conditions.
Bounds for syzygies of monomial curves
Authors: Caviglia Giulio , Moscariello Alessio , Sammartano Alessio 
Published: April 2024

Let

Γ
⊆

N

\Gamma \subseteq \mathbb {N}

be a numerical semigroup. In this paper, we prove an upper bound for the Betti numbers of the semigroup ring of

Γ
\Gamma

which depends only on the width of

Γ
\Gamma

, that is, the difference between the largest and the smallest generator of

Γ
\Gamma

. In this way, we make progress towards a conjecture of Herzog and Stamate [J. Algebra 418 (2014), pp. 8–28]. Moreover, for 4-generated numerical semigroups, the first significant open case, we prove the Herzog-Stamate bound for all but finitely many values of the width.
Positive allosteric modulators of the GABAB receptor: a new class of ligands with therapeutic potential for alcohol use disorder
Authors: Colombo Giancarlo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the GABAB receptor constitute a new class of GABAB-receptor ligands. GABAB PAMs reproduce several pharmacological effects of the orthosteric GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, although displaying a better safety profile.

Aims
This paper reviews the reducing or, frequently, even suppressing effects of all GABAB PAMs tested to date on multiple alcohol-related behaviours in laboratory rodents exposed to validated experimental models of human alcohol use disorder.

Results
Acute or repeated treatment with CGP7930, GS39783, BHF177, rac-BHFF, ADX71441, CMPPE, COR659, ASP8062, KK-92A, and ORM-27669 reduced excessive alcohol drinking, relapse- and binge-like drinking, operant alcohol self-administration, reinstatement of alcohol seeking, and alcohol-induced conditioned place preference in rats and mice.

Conclusions
These effects closely mirrored those of baclofen; notably, they were associated to remarkably lower levels of tolerance and toxicity. The recent transition of ASP8062 to clinical testing will soon prove whether these highly consistent preclinical data translate to AUD patients.
The Drug Burden Index Is Associated With Measures of Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Authors: DiNatale Janie C , McDonough Ian M , Ellis Amy C , Douglas Joy W , Yaffe Kristine , Crowe-White Kristi M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Anticholinergic and sedative medications affect cognition among older adults. The Drug Burden Index (DBI) is a validated measure of exposure to these medications, with higher DBI scores indicating higher drug burden. This ancillary analysis investigated the association between DBI and cognition assessed by the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST).

Methods
The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study was a prospective study of community-dwelling adults aged 70–79 years at enrollment. Using data from years 1, 5, and 10, DBI was calculated using medication data per participant. Linear mixed modeling was used to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of DBI on 3MS and DSST. Adjusted models included biological sex, race, education level, APOE status, and death. Sensitivity analyses included testing the strength of the associations for each year and testing attrition due to death as a possible confounding factor via Cox-Proportional Hazard models.

Results
After adjustment, DBI was inversely associated with 3MS and DSST scores. These associations became stronger in each subsequent year. Neither DBI at year 1 nor within-person change in DBI were predictive of longitudinal declines in either cognitive measure. Sensitivity analyses indicated that DBI, 3MS, and DSST were associated with a greater risk of attrition due to death.

Conclusions
Results suggest that in years when older adults had a higher DBI scores, they had significantly lower global cognition and slower processing speed. These findings further substantiate the DBI as a useful pharmacological tool for assessing the effect of medication exposure.
Morphological Species Delimitation in The Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys): Can Machine Learning Methods Aid in Cryptic Species Identification?
Authors: Burroughs R W , Parham J F , Stuart B L , Smits P D , Angielczyk K D 
Published: April 2024

Synopsis
As the discovery of cryptic species has increased in frequency, there has been an interest in whether geometric morphometric data can detect fine-scale patterns of variation that can be used to morphologically diagnose such species. We used a combination of geometric morphometric data and an ensemble of five supervised machine learning methods (MLMs) to investigate whether plastron shape can differentiate two putative cryptic turtle species, Actinemys marmorata and Actinemys pallida. Actinemys has been the focus of considerable research due to its biogeographic distribution and conservation status. Despite this work, reliable morphological diagnoses for its two species are still lacking. We validated our approach on two datasets, one consisting of eight morphologically disparate emydid species, the other consisting of two subspecies of Trachemys (T. scripta scripta, T. scripta elegans). The validation tests returned near-perfect classification rates, demonstrating that plastron shape is an effective means for distinguishing taxonomic groups of emydids via MLMs. In contrast, the same methods did not return high classification rates for a set of alternative phylogeographic and morphological binning schemes in Actinemys. All classification hypotheses performed poorly relative to the validation datasets and no single hypothesis was unequivocally supported for Actinemys. Two hypotheses had machine learning performance that was marginally better than our remaining hypotheses. In both cases, those hypotheses favored a two-species split between A. marmorata and A. pallida specimens, lending tentative morphological support to the hypothesis of two Actinemys species. However, the machine learning results also underscore that Actinemys as a whole has lower levels of plastral variation than other turtles within Emydidae, but the reason for this morphological conservatism is unclear.
Genomic integrity of Phyciodes butterfly species in a region of contact (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Wingert Brittany D , Campbell Erin O , Acorn John H , Sperling Felix A H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Crescent butterflies of the Phyciodes tharos group have a long-standing reputation for taxonomic difficulty. We assessed species boundaries in the P. tharos group using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, focusing on sampling in western Canada, where 4 species (P. tharos, P. cocyta, P. batesii, and P. pulchella) have classically been recognized. Phylogenetic and cluster-based analyses confirm that there are indeed 4 species based on the maintenance of genomic integrity in the presence of occasional hybridization and low levels of gene flow. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) does not consistently distinguish species, with haplotypes extensively shared between species. Limited sampling of P. batesii indicates complex boundaries and interactions with other Phyciodes, especially with P. pulchella and P. cocyta. This study demonstrates the power of a genome-wide perspective to elucidate the integrity of boundaries between recently diverged species that remain capable of occasional hybridization.
Cold temperatures drive the latitudinal range limits and inhibit overwintering survival of the redbanded stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Paul Thomas G , Catchot Angus L , Towles Tyler B , Ward Samuel F 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
For non-native insects that are economically damaging, understanding the drivers of range expansions and contractions is important for forecasting pest pressure. The invasion of the redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), reached Louisiana, United States, in 2000, after which the northern range limits of this species have fluctuated annually. Low winter temperatures have been implicated as a major driver of this pattern, but the importance of cold temperatures—or other abiotic factors—for the persistence of this pest over large geographic scales are incompletely understood. We coupled occurrence data of P. guildinii with climatic data to investigate trends in P. guildinii presence in relation to winter temperatures and develop species distribution models, forecasting habitat suitability based on current and future climatic scenarios. Our results show that (i) some P. guildinii persisted in locations where ambient temperatures reached −12°C, (ii) overwintering temperatures drive P. guildinii range dynamics, and (iii) with intermediate projections of climatic warming, northward expansion by P. guildinii in North America is likely to be minimal. While the northern extent of P. guildinii’s range may now be largely realized in North America, our results suggest that increased frequency of mild winters could reduce interannual fluctuations of P. guildinii and enable it to become a more consistent economic concern for soybean growers throughout the Midsouth region of the United States.