bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well Damage Hazards Associated With Conventional Completion Fluids
Authors: Patton J. T. , Phelan P. F. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
With new wells often costing in excess of $1,000,000, productivity must be maximized to ensure commercial success. To achieve high productivity, so essential to the profitable development of new reserves, the use of non-damaging fluids for drilling-in, completion and/or well-killing operations is mandatory. Formulation of a non-damaging fluid compatible with hostile reservoir environment is complicated by hot, high-pressure formations that require fluids having densities greater than that of water.
Clear, solids-free fluids, thought to be the solution, are widely used. These fluids often contain more than 20% dissolved salts, consequently, their chemistry is complex and proper use requires much understanding and experience. There is mounting evidence from field applications that clear completion fluids do not provide adequate protection against formation damage due to salts precipitating in the reservoir. Equally troublesome is the tendency of the clear fluids to deposit fine particulates, mill scale and etc., on the face of the formation thus causing hard-to-remove damage, especially in the case of gravel-pack completions.
Another popular class of high-density fluids is formulated using acid-soluble particulates as weighting agents. In the most advanced fluids of this class, the particles are suspended in water or brine by non-damaging polymers. Use of these fluids avoid all of the residual problems associated with clear, high-density fluids. When extreme situations warrant, particulate-weighting can be complemented with dissolved salts to maximize protection against damage. Any temporary productivity loss due to the particulates in these fluids is restricted to the surface of the wellbore and can be removed by simply washing the formation face with hydrochloric acid.
Using a Microcomputer to Perform Design Calculations for a Sucker Rod Pumping System
Authors: Purcupile J. C. , Nicol T. H. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Sucker rod computations in accordance with Ref. 1 are both tedious and time consuming. Each time a pumping parameter is changed, such as rod designation, pumping speed, the calculation must be repeated.
Three programs to handle these calculations have been written for the Hewlett Packard HP 87 XM microcomputer.
The first program is a dynamic analysis program for either an API Class I or Class III pump.
The second program performs the detailed calculations in accordance with Ref. 1 and prints a form that is essentially the same as the form No. 11L-1 of Ref. 1.
The third program performs the "RP 11L calculation" for a number of rod designations printing out: Total rod weightPump displacementPeak polish rod loadMinimum polish rod loadPeak torquePolish rod horsepowerMaximum stressRatio of daily production to polish rod horsepower
for each API rod number in the range of API rod numbers being considered.
A Perspective on Tailored Pulse Loading: A New Approach to Oil and Gas Well Stimulation
Authors: Stoller H. M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Tailored pulse loading is a descriptor for intermediate strain rate rock fracturing processes. These processes are capable of generating multiple fractures in the reservoir rock when the proper energy-time profile is applied to the wellbore. Such multiple fracture networks have a high probability of intersecting natural fractures; hence initial applications have focused on low permeability, naturally fractured formations.
Tailored Pulse Fracturing, a tailored pulse loading process, has undergone developmental testing in the San Andres formation in the Permian Basin. These tests have provided insights into the fracture characteristics and the production effects of multiple fracture networks. Concurrently, mathematical models have been developed to predict the performance of Tailored Pulse Fracturing.
Discussed in the context of explosive and hydraulic fracturing, predicted fracture lengths and widths are presented as a function of applied energy and formation properties. Productivity indices are proposed based on multiple fractures affecting changes either in effective reservoir permeability or effective wellbore radius. Enhanced production results indicate either natural fracture intersection or a synergistic blend of production mechanisms.
Field tests in the San Andres are discussed and production data are analyzed. The data is interpreted as indicating long fractures (&gt;100 feet) can be created and that long term conductivity is maintained.
High Capacity Materials Handling Systems For Commercial Extraction Of Oil From Solid Hydrocarbons
Authors: Whikehart Richard E. 
Published: December 2007

Introduction:
The materials handling industry has a keen interest in recent developments in possible oil extraction from tar sands, oil shales and coals. The existence of vast reserves of these raw materials have stimulated the imagination of forward thinking people and organizations for many years. Much has been published about specific plans and projects and much more is to come. Known oil shale deposits in the Green River formation in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah alone have a potential recoverable oil content exceeding one trillion barrels. Tar sands in Alberta, Canada, in McMuray formation alone have indicated reserves of the same order of magnitude. Bituminous coal reserves in the United States are nearly one trillion tons. World reserves of these materials are doubtless many times greater. A vast new segment of a vital industry may be in the making. To the materials handling industry, a trillion barrels of potentially recoverable product is translated into a potentially large number of unique, high capacity handling systems. For instance, at 50,000 barrels per day per plant, it would take some five hundred plants to recover just one of the trillions of barrels in one hundred years.
Operational Experience With a Long-range, Multi-channel Acoustic Telemetry System.
Authors: High G , Carman R J 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the design, installation, and long-term operation of a modular subsea acoustic data acquisition system in the Duncan/Argyll field. North Sea. This equipment is presently providing on-demand pressure data from eight satellite locations at ranges in excess of seven kilometres. The discussion covers the use of in-field noise measurements for optimizing system performance in a high noise environment.
Two main sections cover firstly platform installation and seabed installation of the subsea transceiver. Secondly at the remote wellhead locations, the acoustic transponders are described. Cost factors, as compared with hardwired or diver-monitored data acquisition systems are discussed.
Modular design permits convenient addition of other data channels and/or extra remote subsea units. The surface equipment installed at the platform is software controlled so that display and data logging can be configured according to operator needs. Vairiations of the same basic system are discussed, as currently in use for subsea pipeline valve actuation, and submersible flowline tow-out instrumentation.
Results of several years of operational experience in various offshore applications give confidence that, when properly considered in system design, an acoustic telemetry system can function reliably at useful ranges in the offshore environment.
Statistically Valid Log Analysis Method Improves Reservoir Description
Authors: Moss B , Harrison R 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Oil companies spend vast sums on the collection of log data. Because of the analysis methods generally available, not all of these data are used, with much being discarded. All data, even from "bad holes", potentially can provide useful information. Every company currently has a great deal of data either being analysed, or about to be analysed. Much of these data will never be used, which is both extremely wasteful and potentially dangerous since this inability to extract information can often lead to incorrect conclusions.
The Thistle Field – Analysis of its Past Performance and Optimisation of its Future Development
Authors: Bayat M G , Tehrani D H 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The Thistle Field geology and its reservoir performance over the past six years have been reviewed. The latest reservoir simulation study of the field, covering the performance history-matching, and the conclusions of various prediction cases are reported.
The special features of PORES, Britoil in-house 3D 3-phase fully implicit numerical simulator and its modelling aids as applied to the Thistle Field are presented.
AC Drives for Drilling
Authors: Olsen S O , Knudsen S 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Until now direct-current motors fed by thyristor rectifiers have dominated as variable-speed drive systems for oil-drilling applications.
During drilling of a test well at Rogaland Research Center in Stavanger, Norway, a new drilling system "The Power Swivel" was tested and the conventional DC motor/SCR system was replaced by an asynchronous motor fed by a GTO frequency converter.
Whilst an enclosure of protection class Ex(P) is required for DC motors operating in hazardous area, asynchronous motors can also be built to protection class Ex(d), (e), or (n) for this type of application.
The Use of Casing Patches to Improve Workover Success Rates
Authors: Neely J D 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Until 1983, traditional cement squeeze techniques were used to shut off excess water production from wells in the Forties Field. The success rate was low, some 50% of workovers failing within 5 days of the well being returned to production.
Casing patches over 120 feet long are now being run to cover the squeezed off perforations and workover effectiveness has increased dramatically. Radioactive tracers are employed to ensure accurate depth control as the patches are run and set on drillpipe.
It is envisaged that continuous patches could be run when extremely long perforated intervals are encountered and alternative uses, e.g., to repair mechanically damaged casing, can be foreseen.
Process Systems the Role of Quality Assurance in Safety
Authors: Crawley F K , Brown W A F , Scott D S 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARY
This paper outlines some techniques whereby the safety of an installation may be improved by attention to "quality" in a similar manner to Quality Assurance.
The techniques mentioned are to be treated as illustrative and indicate the manner in which they change as a project progresses.
The paper indicates areas where it is believed there is potential for new techniques utilising the strength of modern computers.
Ultra-Violet Disinfection of Injection Seawater for Secondary Oil Recovery
Authors: Brunner H , Klein H P 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Today diminishing oil reserves force us to seek ways of increasing the yield of existing resources.
Some years ago oil was mainly recovered by means of the natural pressure of the oil bearing formation. When natural pressure decreased, the source was regarded as exhausted, although considerably more than half of the total oil quantity remained in the fine pores of the oil bearing rock strata. Meanwhile techniques have been developed to exploit a greater part of these neglected reserves.
The principle of all these techniques is that the pressure in the oil reservoir is maintained in order to force the remaining oil towards the well-bore. One of the methods to achieve this is the injection of water under high pressure into the oil-bearing stratum. Depending on the location of the recovery point fresh water or sea-water is used.
North Sea Produced Water Systems
Authors: Bond C R 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
North Sea platform produced water systems were designed up to 10 years ago utilising plant largely developed for other industries. Generally the systems were designed without adequate knowledge of the produced water itself or the flow-rates. Many fields are now experiencing injection water break-through and consequently far greater flow rates than envisaged. By reference to Britoil's Thistle and Beatrice platforms, this paper describes some of the short-comings of systems, the resultant modifications and extensions, and performance data before and after modifications.
By applying basic process principles proven by both scale model work of fluid flow patterns and also offshore trials, the existing equipment was drastically modified. Together with many ‘minor’ changes, system performance has been raised by 25% to the required levels. The minor changes were often of a relatively detailed nature and emerged from experience of corrosion, scale deposits, process transients, and start-up and shut-down phenomena.
The paper addresses the fundamentals of produced water treatment technology and presents operating data from:- Laboratory model testing and offshore pilot trials of cartridge coalescers.Modified tilted plate assemblies.Induced and dissolved gas processes.System interactions and practical operating problems.
This work will be relevant to some extent to all produced water systems as:- –Improvements in the reliability and understanding of the clean-up processes are necessary to obtain the plant performance to satisfy reservoir requirements.–Testing totally new plant and modified equipment is essential to enable improved equipment designs to be brought forward.
The Dissolution of Scales in Oilfield Systems
Authors: Clemmit A F , Ballance D C , Hunton A G 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The phenomenon of scale formation has been experienced by generations of different races whenever water has been used. It was formed in Roman aqueducts and canals and is also found in the present day in the most modern oil production operations. The most commonly found scales in this industry are the carbonate and sulphate salts of calcium, barium and strontium which can be encountered from the reservoir rock itself all the way through the complete process train to the oil exporting system. It can therefore be appreciated that considerable decreases in efficiency of equipment and reservoir production can result from this.
The need to maintain high rates of oil production makes this a serious problem and remedial action is desirable. This can be in the form of problem and remedial action is desirable. This can be in the form of inhibition to prevent scale formation, or, where scale is already present, removal is required.
This paper outlines the mechanisms of scaling and the principles of scale dissolution using sequestrants. Details of treatment techniques, especially in downhole situations, are also presented.
Ultrasonic Corrosion Condition Monitoring – A Systematised Approach
Authors: Yates A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The technique of taking ultrasonic thickness readings as a basis for assessing corrosion and erosion damage on structures and pipework systems is an established means of obtaining condition data.
To ensure that surveys carried out in this way are relevant and useful, several conditions must be met: Individual readings must be accurate and the measuring system must be capable of ignoring paints and coatings at the test point.Test points must be appropriately positioned.Sufficient points must be taken to give a representative sample.Reporting must be in a format which is readable, flexible and capable of highlighting anomalies.
Following extensive experience in onshore and offshore corrosion condition surveys, systems have been evolved which have improved the efficiency of this approach in all the above areas.
An Electrical Machine Monitoring System for the Offshore Industry
Authors: Penman J. , Dey M. , Smith J. R. , Bryan W. E. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Condition monitoring and its associated instrumentation may be considered to involve designers, machinery manufacturers, commissioning engineers and most importantly offshore operational staff. It is in this ultimate stage where condition monitoring systems aid the operator by continually assessing the health of the equipment and plant during its planned life. However, when considering the usefulness of such a system, it is in the early phases of system design that a great deal of attention must be given to the type of plant to be installed, and the expected variation of parameters during healthy operation together with the tolerance on these parameters that must be allowed prior to a probable fault condition being reported or acted upon. The electrical machine monitoring system described in the paper intrinsically takes account of this latter consideration and is developed on the basis of sensing the leakage magnetic field of the machine. An analysis of this field directly leads to the discrimination of a variety of fault types. A description of the system is given and results are presented in which a low cost microprocessor based system is used to identify faults in both synchronous and induction machines.
Review of and Experience with Emergency Shutdown Systems
Authors: Huse J. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The Emergency Shutdown (ESD) System is defined as a system which immediately terminates all production activity and other systems not essential for platform emergency operation. The ESD-systems should be independent from and in addition to other systems and generally based on a "fail-safe" principle.
Experience with ESD-systems is fairly good. However, further improvements could be done on sensors and valves and on man-machine interactions.
Reliability of computer systems to be closely monitored; e.g. for internal faults.
High Reliability Riser Tensioners for the Hutton TLP
Authors: Myers R. J. , Adam L. J. , Harvey D. W. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper details the approach taken to maximise the reliability of the Hutton Tension Leg Platform (TLP) production riser tensioners. The design, development, testing and operational performance of the tensioners are described. In addition the paper outlines the reliability analyses and quality assurance procedures which are used. Operational experience of the production riser tensioners installed to date on the Hutton TLP is summarised. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations made for future work of this type.
Design Considerations for a Deepwater Pile-Founded Buoyant Platform
Authors: Basu A. K. , Raznahan M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The paper presents a new compliant platform concept for deepwater drilling and production. Like an articulated column it derives its stiffness from the large buoyancy provided near the sea surface, but it does not use any mechanical articulation. Instead, the rotational compliancy is achieved here by an ingenious design of the pile foundation system, similar to the one adopted in the Lena Guyed Tower. The principles underlying the design of the various components of this structure are discussed, using as an illustration a structure with a total deck load of 30,000 Tonnes for a 350m water depth northern North Sea field.
A Case Study of a Typical Automatic Tank Battery
Authors: Peebles Charles T. 
Published: December 2007

Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to present a discussion of a typical automatic tank battery. In this case, the installation is Mene Grande's Guara Discharge Station N7. This battery was converted to automatic operation late in 1957 and has since been operated on a test basis to determine the practical value of such equipment for service in Meneg's Eastern operations.
The battery is equipped with an electro-pneumatic well-test system and a positive displacement meter type automatic custody transfer system. A detailed explanation of these systems is included in the paper.

Summary
When it became apparent that automatic operation of discharge stations might possibly result in savings due to reduced capital expenditure and lower operating costs, it was decided that one typical discharge station be automated. Both the equipment and the procedures involved were to be evaluated to determine their practicability for service in future Meneg operations. Guara Discharge Station N7 was selected as the test station. The selection of this particular battery as the test site was influenced by its proximity to San Tome, availability of electric power and to the fact that a variety of crude types are produced to the station by natural flow, gas lift, and by pumping. Table N1 illustrates the characteristics of the various individual wells produced to the station.
The conversion to automatic operation was completed in November 1957. An electro-pneumatic well test system and an automatically controlled positive displacement metering system comprise the automatic features of the station.
Improved Techniques in Laying Underwater Pipelines
Authors: Bauman J.E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents a brief review of Creole's Pipe Laying experience in Lake Maracaibo prior to 1958 along with a review of the formulation of basic design data, operational procedure and evaluation of two new pipe layer barges which were delivered in 1958.
The New Barges incorporate a number of improvements in equipment design and handling procedures. Some of the more important improvements covered in the paper are listed below:Increase in hull width and depth to improve stability and provide more storage space for pipe.Provision for two welding stations so that two welds can be made simultaneously.Installation of a stiff leg to move pipe from "dumb" barges to the pipe layer barge storage rack.Installation of mechanical handling facilities consisting of air actuated rams, transfer arms, and air powered motors.Provision for two 150 KW diesel electrics sets which furnish power for electric motors used to drive equipment.Addition of neoprene covering on storage and feeder rack areas and pipe handling facilities to reduce the amount of damage caused by storing and handling coated and wrapped pipe.Installation of facilities to improve efficiency of operating personnel.
A brief review is made of the performance of the new pipe layer barges with special emphasis given to increased laying rate, reduction in personnel requirements, and reduction of pipe coating damage resulting from design improvements.
Advances in Drilling Technology (1981-1986) and Where Drilling Technology Is Heading
Authors: Millheim K. K. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Major advances in drilling technology development and utilization have occurred over the past five years. This paper presents an overview of the new drilling technology and how it is being applied in field operations. The major technology development topics that will be discussed are: (1) development of computer tools such as new drilling algorithms; (2) real time drilling and communications; (3) advanced designs in bit technology and mud motors; (4) advances in mud and solids control technology; (5) advances in measurement while drilling (MWD) and other drilling technology.
The future of drilling that is presented in this paper is even more exciting. Centralized control of drilling operations will rapidly expand. Closed mud systems and treatment plants along with new super muds will evolve. New smaller automated drilling rigs will be developed. Directional drilling will be used more and more in the development of both land and offshore fields with much longer horizontal departures. New high speed bits and mud motors will compete with rotary drilling. All this new technology will open up new vistas for exploration drilling, deep drilling, and offshore development.