bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endometrial cancer and menopausal hormone therapy in the National Institutes of Health‐AARP Diet and Health Study cohort
Authors: Lacey James V. , Leitzmann Michael F. , Chang Shih‐Chen , Mouw Traci , Hollenbeck Albert R. , Schatzkin Arthur , Brinton Louise A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Menopausal hormone therapy formulations for women without hysterectomy have included estrogen plus progestin for years, but endometrial cancer risks associated with the use of sequential and continuous estrogen‐plus‐progestin regimens remain unclear.METHODS.The National Institutes of Health‐AARP Diet and Health Study included 73,211 women who were ages 50 years to 71 years at baseline and who completed 2 questionnaires (1995–1996 and 1996–1997). Linkage to state cancer registries and mortality indices identified 433 incident endometrial cancers through 2000. Using proportional hazards regression, the authors estimated relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) relative to never‐use of hormone therapy.RESULTS.In 51,312 women who never used hormones or only used estrogen‐plus‐progestin regimens at doses consistent with current practice, neither sequential estrogen plus progestin (daily estrogen plus progestin for 10–14 days per cycle: RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.39–1.40) nor continuous estrogen plus progestin (daily estrogen plus progestin for ≥20 days per cycle: RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.55–1.15) had any statistically significant association with endometrial cancer. Long durations (≥5 years) of sequential regimen use (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.38–1.66) and of continuous regimen use (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.53–1.36) were not associated with endometrial cancer.CONCLUSIONS.Confirmation that these estrogen‐plus‐progestin regimens neither increase nor decrease the risk of endometrial cancer could influence menopausal symptom management for women who are considering estrogen‐plus‐progestin therapy. Cancer 2007. Published 2007 by The American Cancer Society.
Association of endometrial cancer risk with a functional polymorphism (Asp327Asn) in the sex hormone‐binding globulin gene
Authors: Kataoka Nobuhiko , Cai Qiuyin , Xu Wang Hong , Xiang Yong‐Bing , Cai Hui , Zheng Wei , Shu Xiao Ou 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDSex steroid hormones play a central role in the development of endometrial cancer. Sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) modulates the bioavailability of circulating sex hormones and regulates their signaling systems in target cells. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that blood SHBG levels are associated inversely with the risk of endometrial cancer. A functional polymorphism, an amino acid substitution of asparagine (Asp) for aspartic acid (Asn) at residue 327 (Asp327Asn) (reference sequence 6259), in the SHBG gene recently was identified and has been associated with an increased half‐life and elevated blood levels of SHBG. The authors tested the hypothesis that this genetic variance is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer in the Shanghai Endometrial Cancer Study, a population‐based, case‐control study that was conducted in urban Shanghai, China between 1997 and 2003.METHODSThis study included 1037 women with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer ages 30 years and 69 years and 1031 age‐matched controls from the community who had completed an in‐person interview and donated a blood and/or buccal cell sample to the study. Genotyping for the Asp327Asn polymorphism was performed by using the TaqMan method. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) derived from logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the genetic variation and endometrial cancer risk.RESULTSThe allele frequencies of Asn were 15.0% in cases and 17.1% in controls (P = .06). The variant Asn327 allele was associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55–0.93) but not in premenopausal women (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.74–1.42). The inverse association was more pronounced among postmenopausal women who had a low body mass index (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31–0.76) or longer years of menstruation (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.89), although the results from tests for multiplicative interaction were not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONSThe current results suggested that the codon 327 Asn allele in the SHBG gene may be related to a reduced risk of endometrial cancer among postmenopausal women. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Feasibility of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for intrathoracic malignancies
Authors: Sano Yoshifumi , Kanazawa Susumu , Gobara Hideo , Mukai Takashi , Hiraki Takao , Hase Soichiro , Toyooka Shinichi , Aoe Motoi , Date Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become an accepted alternative for treating intrathoracic malignancies; however, the incidence and characteristics of peri‐ and postprocedural complications are not well described. The purpose of the study was to assess the safety and technical feasibility of percutaneous RFA in unresectable intrathoracic malignancies.METHODSPercutaneous RFA was performed in patients with intrathoracic malignancies between June 2001 and December 2004. In total, 366 tumors were treated in 137 patients in 211 sessions. All patients were nonsurgical candidates or had refused surgery. Three hundred and thirty‐six lesions were subjected to RFA for the treatment of metastases and 30 lesions for primary lung carcinoma.RESULTSAlthough no procedural mortality occurred, 2 patients died during the course of the study because of intractable pneumothorax and massive hemoptysis (0.9%). The overall major complication rate was 17.1% (pneumothoraces requiring tube drainage in 25, pleuritis in 6, pleural effusion requiring tube drainage in 4, lung abscess in 1, and intrapulmonary hemorrhage with hemothorax in 1). Minor complications included pneumothoraces not requiring tube drainage in 108 sessions, pleural effusion without drainage in 34, hemosputum in 9, nausea and/or vomiting in 3, subcutaneous emphysema in 3, cough in 2, skin burn in 2, atelectasis in 1, and subileus in 1. High fever and/or chest pain were seen in 33.8% and 39.3% of patients, respectively.CONCLUSIONSWith over 200 procedures, RFA appears to be a safe and minimally invasive option with negligible mortality and little morbidity in selected patients with unresectable intrathoracic malignancies. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T3a disease
Authors: Freedland Stephen J. , Partin Alan W. , Humphreys Elizabeth B. , Mangold Leslie A. , Walsh Patrick C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDMen with clinical stage T3a disease are at high risk and are often encouraged to undergo radiation therapy with concomitant hormonal therapy. The long‐term outcomes among men treated with radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T3a disease were examined.METHODSAmong 3397 men treated by radical prostatectomy by 1 surgeon between 1987 and 2003, 62 (1.8%) men were identified who had clinical stage T3a disease. Among the 56 men not treated with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies before prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) recurrence, the long‐term outcomes of PSA‐free survival, metastasis‐free survival, and prostate cancer specific survival were examined. Median and mean follow‐up after surgery were 10.3 and 13 years, respectively (range, 1–17).RESULTSNinety‐one percent of men in this group had pathological T3 disease. PSA‐free survival at 15 years after surgery was 49%. Metastasis‐free survival and cause‐specific survival at 15 years after surgery were 73% and 84%, respectively. Among men with a PSA recurrence, 46% received secondary therapy before metastasis. The only preoperative or pathological feature that predicted risk of prostate cancer death was lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio [HR]: 9.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–80.02, P = .044). Among the 28 men with a PSA recurrence, PSA doubling time (PSADT) data were available for 23, of which 11 (48%) has a PSADT ≥9 months. No patient with a PSADT ≥9 months died of prostate cancer. A PSADT <9 months was significantly associated with increased risk of prostate cancer death (log‐rank, P = .004).CONCLUSIONSIn a select cohort of men with clinical stage T3a disease, radical prostatectomy alone provides long‐term cancer control in about half of the men and results in a prostate cancer‐specific survival of 84%. Among men with a PSA recurrence, PSADT at the time of recurrence is a useful determinant of risk of prostate cancer death. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
When basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus is not enough—what next?
Authors: Raccah Denis , Bretzel Reinhard G , Owens David , Riddle Matthew 
Published: February 2007

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease characterized by co‐existing insulin deficiency (relative) and insulin insensitivity. Both fasting and post‐prandial blood glucose are elevated, exposing the patient to acute and chronic complications due to micro‐ and macro‐vascular angiopathy. Improving glycaemic control has been demonstrated to lower the risk of these complications. Owing to the progressive nature of the disease, an evolving treatment strategy is necessary to maintain glycaemic control. Insulin therapy is required when dietary and lifestyle modifications combined with oral hypoglycaemic agents fail to provide adequate glycaemic control. Adding an optimized dose of basal insulin to the existing oral therapy is a simple and widely used method for initiating insulin therapy. However, despite an effective control of fasting hyperglycaemia, further intervention to control post‐prandial hyperglycaemia may become necessary to achieve HbA1c targets.Strategies for the addition of prandial insulin include administering short‐acting (or rapid‐acting) insulin analogues before each meal or twice‐daily administration of pre‐mixed insulin. As a single large meal often contributes to the greatest part of daytime hyperglycaemia, an alternative strategy is emerging with the addition of a single injection of prandial insulin prior to the meal that induces the largest post‐prandial blood glucose excursion measured 2 h after the start of the meal. Over time, additional prandial boluses of insulin may be required to sustain daytime glycaemic control. This strategy offers a simple, stepwise approach to progress from basal insulin to a basal–bolus regimen. Studies are needed to validate this method and better define specific titration tactics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in cell migration and survival in the olfactory bulb of the pcd/pcd mouse
Authors: Valero J. , Weruaga E. , Murias A.R. , Recio J.S. , Curto G.G. , Gómez C. , Alonso J.R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPostnatally, the Purkinje cell degeneration mutant mice lose the main projecting neurons of the main olfactory bulb (OB): mitral cells (MC). In adult animals, progenitor cells from the rostral migratory stream (RMS) differentiate into bulbar interneurons that modulate MC activity. In the present work, we studied changes in proliferation, tangential migration, radial migration patterns, and the survival of these newly generated neurons in this neurodegeneration animal model. The animals were injected with bromodeoxyuridine 2 weeks or 2 months before killing in order to label neuroblast incorporation into the OB and to analyze the survival of these cells after differentiation, respectively. Both the organization and cellular composition of the RMS and the differentiation of the newly generated neurons in the OB were studied using specific markers of glial cells, neuroblasts, and mature neurons. No changes were observed in the cell proliferation rate nor in their tangential migration through the RMS, indicating that migrating neuroblasts are only weakly responsive to the alteration in their target region, the OB. However, the absence of MC does elicit differences in the final destination of the newly generated interneurons. Moreover, the loss of MC also produces changes in the survival of the newly generated interneurons, in accordance with the dramatic decrease in the number of synaptic targets available. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Age‐related changes in climbing behavior and neural circuit physiology in Drosophila
Authors: Martinez V.G. , Javadi C.S. , Ngo E. , Ngo L. , Lagow R.D. , Zhang B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIdentifying the cellular and molecular basis for functional decline remains key to understanding aging. To this end, we have characterized age‐dependent changes in climbing and the electrophysiology of the giant fiber circuitry in wild type (Wt) and mutant flies with altered lifespan (methuselah and fragile‐X). Our data demonstrate a gradual decline in climbing in Wt and methuselah flies aged 5–45 days. In contrast, fragile‐X flies climbed poorly even at 5 days and failed completely at 45 days. We then examined whether synaptic transmission to indirect flight muscles along the giant fiber circuit was altered with aging. At 5 days, the dorsal longitudinal muscle (DLM) in Wt flies followed high frequency stimulation well (at 130 Hz or above). At 35 and 45 days, these flies only followed 60–80 Hz. Methuselah flies did not follow stimuli as well as the Wt flies did at 5 and 25 days, but they were similar to Wt flies at older ages. Fragile‐X flies responded poorly even at 5 days (40 Hz) and worsened at 35 days (30 Hz). Unlike DLMs, the tergotrochanteral muscle followed high frequency stimuli relatively well in all genotypes, suggesting that the peripheral interneuron along the DLM pathway or the DLM muscular synapse is prone to age‐dependent functional decline. These studies reveal subcellular structures as potential targets of aging, indicating that the giant fiber pathway can be used as a model circuit for quantitative studies of aging in flies as well as fly models of age‐related human neurological disorders. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
DC electrical stimulation of the pretectal thalamus and its effects on the feeding behavior of the toad (Bufo bufo)
Authors: McConville James , Laming Peter R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe feeding motivation of the common European common toad (Bufo bufo) can be quantified by the feeding sequence of arousal‐orientation‐approach‐fixate‐snap. Previous work has found that the optic tectum is an important structure responsible for the mediation of feeding behaviors, and combined electrical and visual stimulation of the optic tectum was found to increase the animals feeding behaviors. However, the pretectal thalamus has an inhibitory influence upon the optic tectum and its lesion results in disinhibited feeding behaviors. This suggests that feeding behavior of anurans is also subject to influence from the pretectal thalamus. Previous studies involving the application of DC stimulation to brain tissue has generated slow potential shifts and these shifts have been implicated in the modulation of the neural mechanisms associated with behavior. The current study investigated the application of DC stimulation to the diencephalon surface dorsal to the lateral posterodorsal pretectal thalamic nucleus in Bufo bufo, in order to assess effects on feeding motivation. The application of DC stimulation increased the incidence of avoidance behaviors to a visual prey stimulus while reducing the prey catching behavior component of approach, suggesting that the DC current applied to the pretectum increased the inhibition upon the feeding elements of the optic tectum. This can be explained by the generation of slow potential shifts. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Neurotransmitter‐induced changes in the intracellular calcium concentration suggest a differential central modulation of CCAP neuron subsets in Drosophila
Authors: Vömel Matthias , Wegener Christian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe complete sequencing of the Drosophila melanogaster genome allowed major progress in the research on invertebrate neuropeptide signaling. However, it is still largely unknown how the insect CNS exerts synaptic control over the secretory activity of peptidergic neurons; afferent pathways and employed chemical transmitters remain largely unidentified. In the present study, we set out to identify neurotransmitters mediating synaptic input onto CCAP‐expressing neurons (NCCAP), which play an important role in the regulation of ecdysis‐related events. By in vitro and in situ calcium imaging with synthetic and genetically encoded calcium indicators, we provide evidence that differential neurotransmitter inputs control the activity of NCCAP subsets. In short‐term culture, almost all NCCAP showed increases of the free intracellular calcium concentration after application of acetylcholine (ACh) and nicotine, whereas only some NCCAP responded to glutamate and GABA. In the intact ventral ganglia of both larvae and adults, only few NCCAP showed intracellular calcium‐rises or calcium‐oscillations after application of cholinergic agonists indicating a prevailing central inhibition of most NCCAP during these developmental stages. In larvae, responding NCCAP were primarily located in the third thoracic neuromere. At least one NCCAP pair in this neuromere belonged to a morphologically distinct subset with neurohemal endings on the body wall muscles. Our results suggest that NCCAP express functional receptors for ACh, glutamate, and GABA, and indicate that these transmitters are involved in a context‐dependent regulation of functionally distinct NCCAP subsets. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Double‐sided permeable wave absorber
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Dota Chikamasa , Sato Risaburo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new double‐sided electromagnetic wave absorber allowing transmission is proposed. In the conventional permeable wave absorber, a resistive film is attached to a lossless dielectric layer. However, this is not nonreflective for an incident wave on the resistive film side. In the present paper, a basic structure is considered in which there is no reflection on both sides of the absorber. A simple structure made of two resistive films inserted between three dielectric layers is proposed. The nonreflection condition of the present wave absorber is derived by means of the equivalent circuit, and the reflection and transmission characteristics are derived for given permittivities of the dielectric layers. It is found that the bandwidth of the reflection coefficient does not significantly depend on the permittivity of the inner layer and that the permittivity of the outer layers is increased and that of the inner layer is decreased in order to make the transmission coefficient smaller. The wave absorber is fabricated and measured for confirmation of the validity of the theory. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(6): 1–8, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20369
Tungsten Oxide and Tungsten Oxide‐Titania Thin Films Prepared by Aerosol‐Assisted Deposition – Use of Preformed Solid Nanoparticles
Authors: Qureshi Uzma , Blackman Christopher , Hyett Geoffrey , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAerosol‐assisted deposition (AAD) was used to deposit films of WO3 from a suspension of solid nanoparticulate WO3 in toluene. Titania films were deposited by the aerosol‐assisted chemical vapour deposition of [Ti(OiPr)4] in the presence of WO3 nanoparticles. The WO3 and TiO2 films exhibited photoactivity and photoinduced superhydrophilicity, further the titania films showed very unusual highly crenulated microstructures. These microstructures could not be obtained by sol‐gel, atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition or evaporation routes. Furthermore, the microstructures could not be obtained from [Ti(OiPr)4] in the absence of nanoparticulate WO3. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis of Enantioenriched 2‐ and 2,6‐Substituted Piperidin‐3‐ols from α‐Dibenzylamino Aldehydes
Authors: Andrés José M. , Pedrosa Rafael , Pérez‐Encabo Alfonso 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHomochiral α‐dibenzylamino aldehydes react with 4‐butenylmagnesium bromide in diethyl ether at 0 °C to yield anti‐β‐amino alcohols in excellent yield and dr. These anti diastereoisomers were transformed into enantioenriched 2‐ and 2,6‐substituted 3‐piperidinols in good yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Frontal analysis in microchip CE: A simple and accurate method for determination of protein–DNA dissociation constant
Authors: Gong Maojun , Wehmeyer Kenneth R. , Limbach Patrick A. , Heineman William R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEquilibrium constants, such as the dissociation constant (Kd), are a key measurement of noncovalent interactions that are of importance for the proper functioning of molecules in living systems. Frontal analysis (FA) is a simple and accurate CE method for the determination of Kd. Microchip CE coupled with LIF detection was used to determine Kd of protein–DNA interactions using the FA method. A model system of IgE and the IgE‐binding aptamer was selected to demonstrate the capability of FA in microchip CE. Because the fluorescence emission was dependent on the dye migration velocity, the velocity of the free aptamer was adjusted to be the same as that of the aptamer–IgE complex by setting up individual separation voltage configurations for the free and bound aptamers. The ratio of the free and bound aptamers in the equilibrium mixture was directly measured from the heights of their plateaus detected at 1.0 cm from the intersection of the microchip, and no internal standard was needed. The Kd of the IgE–aptamer pair was determined as 6 ± 2 nM which is consistent with the reported results (8 nM).
Interception of some direct‐acting mutagens by ergothioneine
Authors: Hartman Zlata , Hartman Philip E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractErgothioneine, a novel imidazole sulfhydryl/thione compound formed in milli‐molar amounts by fungi, is a potentially important defense against electrophiles and free radicals. Protection may well occur both in organisms that synthesize ergothioneine and in animals including man that ingest and store ergothioneine in red blood cells, the liver, seminal fluid, and central nervous system. Ergothioneine blocks the mutagenicity for Salmonella strain TA1950 (hisG46 uvrB) of the nitrosation products of spermidine to an extent that is approximately proportional to the ergothioneine concentration. Ergothioneine also alleviates mutagenicity of cumene and t‐butyl hydroperoxides but does not react with N‐methyl‐N' nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine as does the cysteinyl sulfhydryl compound, glutathione.
Enhancement of concurrent yield of spermatogonial, meiotic I, and meiotic II metaphase chromosomes from Chinese hamster testes
Authors: Lavappa K. S. , Sheu C. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA procedure to enhance the concurrent yield of large numbers of spermatogonial, meiotic I, and meiotic II metaphases from Chinese hamster testes has been developed. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg of colchicine/kg and killed 3 hr after the treatment. Both testes from each animal were excised; one testis was minced, and germ cells were isolated by using 0.1% trypsin solution; the other testis was minced, and germ cells were isolated by using a conventional procedure. Chromosomal preparations were made with a standard air‐drying technique. Examination of slides revealed that with the trypsin‐isolation procedure the concurrent yields of spermatogonial, meiotic I, and meiotic II metaphases were significantly higher (P < .05) than the yields obtained with the conventional procedure. Furthermore, 40 mg of colchicine/kg produced maximum numbers of all three types of germ cell metaphases. At this maximum concentration, metaphases were stable with no evidence of structural aberrations, and the frequency of hyperploidy was not significantly different (P > .05) from hypoploidy.