bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hermeneutics of the Young Marx
Authors: Balaban Oded 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the History of Philosophy, the atomistic physics of Epicurus and of Democritus have been considered as very similar. Contrary to the more conventional view, Marx considers this similarity as only apparent. He indicates that as an analysis becomes more fundamental and specific, a basic difference becomes clearer. At the end of his analysis Marx indicates that there is an inner contradiction in each of those theories. Marx also intended to explain the reasons for this contradiction but, regrettably, his explanation has not been found among his writings. This paper must be considered as an attempt to reconstruct Marx's own philosophical presuppositions in his efforts to interpret ancient atomistic philosophy and to throw light on the beginnings of his critical method.
The Cosmology of the Architecture of Cities
Authors: Schabert Tilo 
Published: March 2007

Let us imagine that we decided to visit cities at different places in the world. During our journey we would probably consult often one or more of these books known as “travel guides,” which, in our case, describe one or more cities for the benefit of the traveler who knows nothing about them or has only a slight idea of what they are like.Presumably we would be told not infrequently that in the cities being described something is “reflected” - that the city architecture of Paris reflects the immortality - obsessed self-glorification of French kings, emperors, or national presidents; that the baroque layout of Rome reflects the triumphant Catholicism of the counter- Reformation ; that the skyscrapers of Manhattan reflect the unbridled creativity of American civilization.
Conceptualizing Contextual Emotion The Grounds for “Supra-Rationality”
Authors: Hanson Barbara Gail 
Published: March 2007

[Anne:] “I can't, I'm in the depths of despair. Can you eat when you are in the depths of despair?”“I've never been in the depths of despair, so I can't say,” said Marilla.“Weren't you? Well did you ever try to imagine you were in the depths of despair?”” No, I didn't.”“Then I don't think you can understand what it's like. It's a very uncomfortable feeling indeed. When you try to eat a lump comes right up in your throat and you can't swallow anything, not even if it was a chocolate caramel.”—L.M. Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables.Emotion, as a “suprarational” property, transcends rationality in that it can be thought of as a group, contextual rather than as a solely individual trait, and thus is a higher order property, as the above quote suggests. This proposal arises from a metatheoretical analysis of models available to broach questions of emotion. I use metatheoretical in the sense of both the context of theory production and the theory of theory. From the first arose the idea that emotion, through the use of irrationality, has surfaced as a working equivalent to inexplicability or rational relativity, and can be modelled more adequately as suprarational, with a unique nature in its own right. The latter led me to propose that the concept of emotion as contextual, a higher order group level property, is possible and tentatively profitable.
A Story of the Utopian Vision of the World
Authors: Fischer Roland 
Published: March 2007

A map of the world that does not include Utopia is not worth glancing at, for it leaves out the country at which humanity is always landing.Oscar WildeThe further ahead one looks, the more the vision of the distant future resembles the golden age of the mythical past.John CohenBeing condemned (or chosen?) to be “the missing link” on its way to perfectibility (or redemption?) - half animal/half human - we always need in some way or another the transcendence of a Utopian Vision. It therefore comes as no surprise that most of the essays in this issue, reflecting a vision of the world today, are openly or covertly concerned with Utopian expectations. Hence, it might be worthwhile to trace the origins and reflect in flashbacks - following the pioneering technique of the French film-maker Alain Resnais - a story of the Utopian Vision.
Atomism at the End of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Grössing Gerhard 
Published: March 2007

All things by immortal power,Near or far,Hiddenly,To each other linked areThat thou canst not stir a flowerWithout troubling of a star.Francis Thompson (1859-1907)Picture a rainbow: under ideal conditions, you will not only see the primary and the (fainter) secondary rainbow, but you will also realize there is a zone between the two which is considerably darker than the surrounding sky, and you will see the series of very faint and narrow bands of colors, usually pink and green alternately, at the inner side of the primary bow. For centuries these narrow bands, called “supernumerary arcs,” have been a riddle to those who set out to explain the rainbow phenomenon scientifically.
The Imagination as Unifying Principle in the Works of Blake and Wordsworth
Authors: Lambo John A. 
Published: March 2007

The central concern of this paper is to prove that Blake and Wordsworth, in spite of some revealing differences between them, essentially share the same world view. Before showing how this works, we first of all should discuss, however briefly, the main difference between them.The main difference between Blake and Wordsworth is perhaps discernible in the way they respond to Nature or the physical frame of things. Here, their remarks on each other would be quite illuminating. Though there is no evidence that they knew each other personally, there is concrete proof that they read some of one another's works and even commented on them. Three sources immediately come to mind in this regard: first, there is Samuel Palmer's anecdote that Wordsworth borrowed a copy of Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience from a friend that “he read and read and took … home to read again”; second, we have Blake's 1826 annotations to the poems of Wordsworth contained in Keynes' Nonesuch Edition of Blake; third, there is Henry Crabb Robinson's Diary, Reminiscences, and Correspondence.
Poetic Translation Examples taken from Paul Valéry and Yunus Emre
Authors: Kayra Erol 
Published: March 2007

Literary translation, especially poetic translation, is one of the rare domains where aesthetic, literary, and technical fields meet. This characteristic makes it the sort of work where a number of theoretical and practical problems converge. It is necessary to approach the issue on three essential planes. The first is theoretical: translation is an operation defined by rules; the second, functional: translation is a practical procedure, which is to say an a posteriori task; the third, specific: poetic translation is itself a poetic activity.Let us begin with the last. From the point of view of literary creation, there is actually no specific difference between the original text and that of the translation. For poet and translator alike take part in a creative act, each laboring according to his means and tastes. For each of them linguistic competence and poetic competence are essential. Indeed, the act of translating is based on a “task of purification of words and ideas” which requires the application of mental effort on the one hand to the problems and the constraints of the poetic art as such, and on the other hand, to the descriptive and analytic nature of language, which is also music. Which is to say that one should not see translation as a simple operation of a lexical order. Nor should one forget that each language requires a specific lexical classification.
Considerations of Roman Painting
Authors: Grandazzi Alexandre 
Published: March 2007

“The first thing discovered in the excavation begun on the Tower of the Annunciation was a painting eleven hands wide and four and a half hands high. It depicts two large festoons of fruits and flowers, a man's head, which is very large and jovial, a ram, an owl, various birds and other things. It seemed to me to be one of the greatest paintings found to date. Having stopped in with me to see it this morning, the sculptor ordered it removed on Tuesday …“April 10: Detached from the wall and placed on a cart this morning, the great painting arrived at the royal palace in excellent condition.”
From Film Image to History
Authors: Tuñón Julia 
Published: March 2007

La diversité des témoignages historiques est presque infinie. Tout ce que l'homme dit ou écrit, tout ce qu'il fabrique, tout ce qu'il touche peut et doit renseigner sur lui.Marc BlochJudging from all the evidence we have, it appears that History must start again to look at aspects of the human existence in their time and must open up to the realm of imagination, of affectivity, and of mental attitudes; to put it differently, it must work from a new basis of sensibility and with different questions, with novel sources and themes that permit us to learn more about what happens in the public and private spheres, about the exceptional and the common, about the real and the symbolic, about social practices and about the dominant ideology, as well as the links that connect those divergent fields. Such an approach presupposes a particular attitude toward historical evidence.
History and the Public Use of History
Authors: Gallerano Nicola 
Published: March 2007

I intend to explore the relationship between the history of historians and the public use of history. This relationship, in my opinion, is both conflictual and convergent. As we shall see later on, this assertion is anything but obvious; among historians the idea of a neat opposition prevails, with no possibility of reconciliation, between professional practices of history (the profession of historians) and the extremely vast and confused domain of its “public use.”Before undertaking an analysis, I must explain what I mean by the public use of history. I have adopted, at least initially, a purely extrinsic definition of the term. By the “public use of history” I am referring to all that is developed outside the domain of scientific research in its strictest sense, outside the history of historians which is usually written by scholars and intended for a very limited segment of the population. Public use of history includes not only the various means of mass communication, each with its own particularities (journalism, radio, television, cinema, theater, photography, advertisement, etc.), but also the arts and literature; public places such as schools, history museums, monuments and urban spaces, etc., and finally institutions, formal or otherwise (such as cultural associations, parties, and religious, ethnic and cultural groups, etc.), which, with more or less clearly partisan objectives, endeavor to promote a more or less polemic reading of the past as compared to the generally accepted common sense of history or historiography, a polemical reading based on the memory of their respective groups. Indeed, politicians have a large role in the most visible and most talked about manifestations of the public use of history and they have a particular responsibility in its degeneration (I shall return to this point in my conclusion).
Not to Know What One Knows: Some Paradoxes of Self-Deception
Authors: Dupuy Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2007

The problem of lying to, or deceiving oneself is currently one of the most debated in analytical philosophy. Now, since analytical philosophers are aware that Sartre defined "bad faith" as lying to oneself, as self-deception, and since moreover they find relatively coherent arguments in Sartre's text, they do not hesitate to include these arguments in their debates, if only to contest them. "To be dead is to be a prey for the living," one reads in Being and Nothingness (p. 695). One imagines Sartre rolling over in his grave. For this philosophy of mind is truly the Other of Sartre's philosophy. Yet, at the price of a treacherous translation, this philosophy gets something from Sartre, and perhaps gives him something in return.In a slightly surreal, perhaps even monstrous way, I am going to make the two philosophies engage in a dialogue on the problem of lying to oneself.
Dead World, Living Hearts
Authors: Starobinski Jean 
Published: March 2007

The Reveries sur la nature primitive de l'homme are one of the important books of the dawn of the nineteenth century. In this text, Senancour limns an image of the world in accordance with the scientific thought of his time. It is a disenchanted image, dominated by mechanical necessity, and in it the distinction between good and evil no longer holds. God is absent; the world is not his creation. And Senancour expresses no regret:Everything in nature is indifferent, for everything is necessary: all is beautiful, for all is determined. The individual is nothing, as a being apart: his cause and his end lie beyond him. Only the whole exists absolutely, invincibly, with no other cause, with no other end beyond itself, with no laws but those of its nature, with no other product than its permanence…. The beautiful, the true, the just, evil, and disorder exist only for the weakness of mortals…. The same earth contains happy orchards and ruinous volcanoes. The villain triumphs, the hero dies; the orchard withers, the volcano is snuffed out; one and the same destruction devours both the animate and the inanimate, shrouded in the same oblivion; and in a world reborn, there remains not a trace of what was abhorred or deified in a bygone world.
From Postmodernism to Mutation: How the Twentieth Century Draws to a Close
Authors: Berardinelli Alfonso , Vale Juliet 
Published: March 2007

Dear readers, perhaps you have not realized it, but your lives so far have been spent in a period called ‘postmodern’.The word is well-known to you. It has been around for many years. It almost always occurs unexpectedly, half way through an article, in the middle of a conversation, in the course of an argument on radio or television. Something, when all is said and done, is postmodern, someone is what he or she is because he or she is postmodern; a strange and inexplicable phenomenon can be explained as postmodern. This changeable, suggestive, authoritative term, which seems to allude to something precise and technical and which, at the same time, suggests the epoch-making, says all that is good and all that is bad of something. Postmodern is an accusation. Postmodern is praise. What is postmodern is degenerate, has got worse, is hardly serious, of low quality, a poor imitation, irresponsible, frivolous. Nevertheless, what is postmodern is also still more topical, even more modern, forward-looking, amusing and light, cultured without being boring, sophisticated without being elitist, complex without being obscure.
Material Culture, Cultural Material
Authors: Mintz Sidney 
Published: March 2007

‘I am not yet so lost in lexicography as to forget that words are the daughters of earth, and that things are the sons of heaven. Language is only the instrument of science, and words are but the signs of ideas.’Samuel Johnson, A Dictionary of the English Language.When asked to write for a special issue of Diogenes to be entitled ‘Anthropology: The Reluctant science?’ I was reminded of a remark made to me over dinner by my friend of more than fifty years, the late Eric Wolf. It was the last time I saw him: the meeting of the American Anthropological Association in Philadelphia, in November 1998.
Hope Against Hope
Authors: Panoff Michel 
Published: March 2007

Poor ethnology, never where it should be! One could almost believe that in the intellectual comedy it is always condemned to play the role of the incorrigible blundering fool.Take a different view. Thirty years ago it was used for any job going, the indispensable commodity of the cultured milieux of the period. The opinion-shapers perfidiously reduced it to structuralism, which was then running out of steam and scarcely intimidated them any longer. Encouraged by this decline, they affected to believe that ‘structures’ had an empirical existence in society, indeed absolutely anywhere their limitations had made themselves felt for far too long, and that ethnology finally won its freedom at the same time as the various changes in custom and social practice which took place as a result of the huge emancipation movement of May 1968. At once ethnology, the sacred instrument of access — or a smattering of it — was to be found in the media, in the professional training of nurses, the therapies of Bonneuil, the fashion for water-bath deliveries, the electoral campaigns of informed politicians, the ‘spin-offs’ of the Second Vatican Council, and so on. Today, on the other hand, it is to be found nowhere at all, not even among ethnologists, who appear with any intellectual label whatever, but above all not as practitioners of a science. They are the new romantics, the new adventurers, the incredible travellers, all having to do no more than produce a strictly personal experience, or at least states of mind. In short, ethnology passed itself off the first time as a kind of panacea, and the next it was declared no use for anything whatsoever, being at best a pretext for narcissistic effusions and at worst a snare for the naive. The more they would have us believe it can do everything, the more nothing can be done for it.
Literature Review: Participation of the Poor in the War On Poverty
Authors: Chertow Doris 
Published: March 2007

This paper integrates ideas from representative literature on the anti-poverty war launched by the U. S. Office of Economic Opportunity in 1964. It focuses on the mandates of community action and "maximum feasible participation" as contributing to possible adult education of the poor for improved social and civic competence. The conceptual controversy concerning the nature of poverty is touched upon, as is the evolution of community action theory. Arguments about the efficacy of resident participation, including examples, are analyzed. Models of anti-poverty strategy and social change are surveyed. The reviewer concludes that the literature demonstrates posi tive aspects of participation as civic education, even if subject to what James Riedel calls "a limited area subject to conditions and terms set by the larger public."
Amplitude Model for the Effects of Mutations and Temperature on Period and Phase Resetting of the Neurospora Circadian Oscillator
Authors: Lakin-Thomas Patricia L. , Brody Stuart , Coté Gary G. 
Published: March 2007

This paper analyzes published and unpublished data on phase resetting of the circadian oscillator in the fungus Neurospora crassa and demonstrates a correlation between period and resetting behavior in several mutants with altered periods: As the period increases, the apparent sensitivity to resetting by light and by cycloheximide decreases. Sensitivity to resetting by temperature pulses may also decrease. We suggest that these mutations affect the amplitude of the oscillator and that a change in amplitude is responsible for the observed changes in both period and resetting by several stimuli. As a secondary hypothesis, we propose that temperature compensation of period in Neurospora can be explained by changes in amplitude: As temperature increases, the compensation mechanism may increase the amplitude of the oscillator to maintain a constant period. A number of testable predictions arising from these two hypotheses are discussed. To demonstrate these hypotheses, a mathematical model of a time-delay oscillator is presented in which both period and amplitude can be increased by a change in a single parameter. The model exhibits the predicted resetting behavior: With a standard perturbation, a smaller amplitude produces type 0 resetting and a larger amplitude produces type 1 resetting. Correlations between period, amplitude, and resetting can also be demonstrated in other types of oscillators. Examples of correlated changes in period and resetting behavior in Drosophila and hamsters raise the possibility that amplitude changes are a general phenomenon in circadian oscillators.
Analysis of Forming Parts from Advanced Thermoplastic Composite Sheet Materials
Authors: Okine Richard K. 
Published: March 2007

Thermoforming of advanced thermoplastic composite sheets offers several advantages over traditional processing of these materials, such as tape laying However, some important processing issues have to be resolved before this can become a viable economical process. These include fiber placement control, low cycle times for molding and wrinkle-free complex shape forming. Some of the work that has been reported in the literature so far is reviewed. The major processing considerations that have to be dealt with in going from the design to the thermoforming of a part are discussed. In particular, emphasis is placed on the different processing techniques such as matched-metal forming, hydroforming and diaphragm forming (superplastic aluminum and polymeric) and on material forms such as woven fabrics, angle-plied unidirectional tapes and the newly developed ordered staple formable sheet based on aligned discontinuous fibers. The forming of several shapes using these techniques is presented to illustrate the potential of advanced composite thermoforming and possible limitations. Some rules of thumb are also offered to reduce the trial-and-error approach currently faced by persons new to the field.
Constraining Leviathan
Authors: Falaschetti Dino , Miller Gary 
Published: March 2007

Individuals attempting to supply themselves with public goods face well-known free-rider problems. Since at least Hobbes, social scientists have claimed that an `external agent' is necessary to check these problems and thus sustain efficient outcomes in political economies. Contributors to the relevant literature frequently characterize these agents as supplying efficiency-enhancing services (e.g. enforcement) in return for a share of associated efficiency gains. Any incentive scheme that eliminates moral hazard in the other players, however, must create moral hazard in the external agent. That is, the external agent has an incentive to increase its own share, to the detriment of overall efficiency. As a result, unless an external agent can credibly commit against opportunistic behavior, prospective subjects to its authority have a reduced incentive to `enter the game'. In the present article, we evaluate how political economies might authorize external agents to punish free-riding but otherwise check their ability to opportunistically undermine efficiency. We gain insight into this dilemma by synthesizing theories of the state and firm to illustrate the pivotal role that credible commitments against opportunism play in sustaining efficient collective orders. Our synthesis suggests that a collection of external agents, rather than a unitary agent, has a greater capacity to produce credible commitments against opportunism. In other words, the same forces that work against the efficient provision of public goods (i.e. the incentive to free-ride) can check the incentive for a diffuse `external agent' to play opportunistic actions. Because such constraints are necessary for efficient collective orders, a team of external agents has a comparative advantage (on this dimension) in pushing political economies toward efficient equilibria. We suggest that diffusion of ownership amongst multiple shareholders (in the case of firms) or a broad democratic citizenry (in the case of the state) should therefore play a significant role in enhancing efficiency.