bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An elusive paleodemography? A comparison of two methods for estimating the adult age distribution of deaths at late Classic Copan, Honduras
Authors: Storey Rebecca 
Published: October 2006

AbstractComparison of different adult age estimation methods on the same skeletal sample with unknown ages could forward paleodemographic inference, while researchers sort out various controversies. The original aging method for the auricular surface (Lovejoy et al., 1985a) assigned an age estimation based on several separate characteristics. Researchers have found this original method hard to apply. It is usually forgotten that before assigning an age, there was a seriation, an ordering of all available individuals from youngest to oldest. Thus, age estimation reflected the place of an individual within its sample. A recent article (Buckberry and Chamberlain, 2002) proposed a revised method that scores theses various characteristics into age stages, which can then be used with a Bayesian method to estimate an adult age distribution for the sample. Both methods were applied to the adult auricular surfaces of a Pre‐Columbian Maya skeletal population from Copan, Honduras and resulted in age distributions with significant numbers of older adults. However, contrary to the usual paleodemographic distribution, one Bayesian estimation based on uniform prior probabilities yielded a population with 57% of the ages at death over 65, while another based on a high mortality life table still had 12% of the individuals aged over 75 years. The seriation method yielded an age distribution more similar to that known from preindustrial historical situations, without excessive longevity of adults. Paleodemography must still wrestle with its elusive goal of accurate adult age estimation from skeletons, a necessary base for demographic study of past populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inferring Plio‐Pleistocene southern African biochronology from facial affinities in Parapapio and other fossil papionins
Authors: Williams F.L. , Ackermann R.R. , Leigh S.R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBuried in the same South African cave deposits as Australopithecus, fossil papionins have been referred to Parapapio (Pp. whitei, Pp. broomi, Pp. jonesi, Pp. antiquus), Papio (P. izodi, P. angusticeps, P. h. robinsoni), Theropithecus (e.g., T. darti), Gorgopithecus, or Dinopithecus on the basis of postcanine tooth size and descriptive morphology of the muzzle. The morphological patterns of variation that these papionins demonstrate can help to place the Australopithecus fossils into a biochronological context and provide valuable information for reconstructing regional Plio‐Pleistocene turnover. To document these patterns of variation across fossil‐bearing sites, we explore morphometric affinities within Parapapio, and between Parapapio and other Plio‐Pleistocene taxa (Dinopithecus ingens, Papio angusticeps, Papio izodi, and Theropithecus darti) by analyzing a sample of interlandmark distances derived from 3‐D coordinate data of the most complete fossil papionin specimens available. Bivariate and multivariate analyses show that Pp. whitei exhibits as much variation between sites and between individuals as Pp. broomi and Pp. whitei combined. Diversity in Parapapio at Makapansgat and Sterkfontein may suggest substantial time depth to the caves. Theropithecus darti, Dinopithecus ingens, Papio angusticeps, Pp. whitei from Bolt's Farm (BF 43), and Pp. jonesi from Sterkfontein (STS 565) differ considerably from one another. Other Parapapio specimens across sites form a separate cluster with P. izodi from Taung, suggesting a Pliocene age for this site. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Receiver–Amplifier, Self‐Immolative Dendritic Device
Authors: Amir Roey J. , Danieli Eyal , Shabat Doron 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSelf‐immolative dendrimers disassemble through a domino‐like chain fragmentation initiated by a single cleavage at the dendrimer core. We have designed and synthesized dendritic molecules that resemble dendritic architectures present in nature. The unique design allows a cleavage signal received by any one of the multiple triggers on one side of the dendrimer to be transferred convergently to a focal point. The signal is divergently amplified through to the other side of the dendrimer, reporter units are released, and fluorescence is emitted. During signal propagation, the dendritic molecule disassembles in a self‐immolative manner into small fragments. These compounds are the longest dendritic system ever reported to disassemble through sequential self‐immolative reactions. The synthesized dendritic molecules have an architecture and signal‐conducting activity related to that of neurons.
Synthesis, Structure and Luminescence Property of Two Lanthanum Phosphite Hydrates: La2(H2O)x(HPO3)3 (x = 1, 2).
Authors: Xiong Ding‐Bang , Li Man‐Rong , Liu Wei , Chen Hao‐Hong , Yang Xin‐Xin , Zhao Jing‐Tai 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Properties of Polyaniline‐Supported Metal Complexes.
Authors: Choudary Boyapati M. , Roy Moumita , Roy Sarabindu , Kantam M. Lakshmi , Sreedhar Bojja , Kumar Karasala Vijay 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient Synthesis of a New Class of Chiral Hydroxymethyldihydrooxazole Ligands and Their Application in Asymmetric Addition to Diethylzinc to Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Li Zhi‐ting , Li Xin‐sheng , Li Liang‐chao , Xu Dong‐cheng 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Isomerization of Alkynes to 1,3‐Dienes under Rhodium or Palladium Catalysis.
Authors: Yasui Hiroto , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tin‐Free Radical Alkylation of Ketones via N‐Silyloxy Enamines.
Authors: Song Hyun‐Ji , Lim Che Jo , Lee Sunggi , Kim Sunggak 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organobase‐Mediated Cannizzaro Reaction.
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Sharada Duddu S. , Veerendhar Ainelly 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Carboxylic Phosphoric Anhydrides as a New Coupling Partner in Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions: A New Ketone Synthesis.
Authors: Lim Kyoung‐Chan , Hong Young‐Taek , Kim Sunggak 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design of Broensted Acid Assisted Chiral Broensted Acid Catalyst Bearing a Bis(triflyl)methyl Group for a Mannich‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Hasegawa Aiko , Naganawa Yuki , Fushimi Makoto , Ishihara Kazuaki , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Highly Regioselective Cyanothiolation of Alkynes via Oxidative Addition of Thiocyanates to Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) Palladium(0) Catalyst.
Authors: Kamiya Ikuyo , Kawakami Jun‐ichi , Yano Shigenobu , Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of anti‐1,3‐Diaryl‐3‐chloro‐2‐(o‐nitrophenylsulfonylamino)‐3‐propan‐1‐ones Through Catalytic Aminohalogenation Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Liu Junying , Wang Yining , Li Guigen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Double Coupling Reactions of 3,4‐Bis(stannyl)furanone: Facile Preparation of Diaryl‐ and Dibenzylfuranones.
Authors: Carter Neil B. , Mabon Ross , Walmsley Rachel , Richecoeur Alexandre M. E. , Sweeney J. B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gold Catalysis: Phenol Synthesis in the Presence of Functional Groups.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Weyrauch Jan P. , Kurpejovic Elzen , Frost Tanja M. , Miehlich Burkhard , Frey Wolfgang , Bats Jan W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereoselective Michael Addition of (S)‐Mendelic Acid Enolate to 2‐Arylidene‐1,3‐diketones: Enantioselective Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Densely Substituted Pyrazoles.
Authors: Blay Gonzalo , Fernandez Isabel , Molina Eva , Munoz M. Carmen , Pedro Jose R. , Vila Carlos 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Discovery of Thiochroman Derivatives Bearing a Carboxy‐Containing Side Chain as Orally Active Pure Antiestrogens.
Authors: Kanbe Yoshitake , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4‐Difluoro‐Substituted Phenyl‐5‐oxohexahydroquinoline Derivatives and Their Effects on Calcium Channels.
Authors: Simsek Rahime , Guenduez Miyase Goezde , Sirmaguel Basar , Safak Cihat , Erol Kevser , Linden Anthony 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dehydrogenation of 4‐Phenyl‐Substituted Spinaceamine and Spinacine.
Authors: Smolyar N. N. , Abramyants M. G. , Yutilov Yu. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of N‐3[4‐(4‐Chlorophenyl) thiazole‐2‐yl]‐2‐(aminomethyl)quinazoline‐4(3H)‐one and Their Derivatives for Antitubercular Activity.
Authors: Pattan Shashikant R. , Reddy V. V. Krishna , Manvi F. V. , Desai B. G. , Bhat A. R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Certain New Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines as Potential Antitumor and Radioprotective Agents.
Authors: Ghorab Mostafa M. , Ragab Fatma A. , Noaman Eman , Heiba Helmy I. , Galal Marwa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design and Synthesis of Hydrophobic and Chiral Anions from Amino Acids as Precursor for Functional Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Fukumoto Kenta , Ohno Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Mechanistic Puzzle of Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Skeletal Rearrangements of Enynes
Authors: Nieto‐Oberhuber Cristina , Lopez Salome , Jimenez‐Nunez Eloisa , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylations
Authors: You Shu‐Li , Dai Li‐Xin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Generic Compound Isolation Using Solid‐Phase Trapping as Part of the Chromatographic Purification Process. Part 1. Proof of Generic Trapping Concept.
Authors: Boughtflower Bob , Lane Steve , Mutton Ian , Stasica Przemyslaw 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A gene trap knockout of the abundant sperm tail protein, outer dense fiber 2, results in preimplantation lethality
Authors: Salmon Nicholas A. , Reijo Pera Renee A. , Xu Eugene Yujun 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOuter dense fiber 2 (Odf2) is highly expressed in the testis where it encodes a major component of the outer dense fibers of the sperm flagellum. Furthermore, ODF2 protein has recently been identified as a widespread centrosomal protein. While the expression of Odf2 highlighted a potential role for this gene in male germ cell development and centrosome function, the in vivo function of Odf2 was not known. We have generated Odf2 knockout mice using an Odf2 gene trapped embryonic stem cell (ESC) line. Insertion of a gene trap vector into exon 9 resulted in a gene that encodes a severely truncated protein lacking a large portion of its predicted coil forming domains as well as both leucine zipper motifs that are required for protein–protein interactions with ODF1, another major component of the outer dense fibers. Although wild‐type and heterozygous mice were recovered, no mice homozygous for the Odf2 gene trap insertion were recovered in an extended breeding program. Furthermore, no homozygous embryos were found at the blastocyst stage of embryonic development, implying a critical pre‐implantation role for Odf2. We show that Odf2 is expressed widely in adults and is also expressed in the blastocyst stage of preimplantation development. These findings are in contrast with early studies reporting Odf2 expression as testis specific and suggest that embryonic Odf2 expression plays a critical role during preimplantation development in mice. genesis 44:515–522, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The anterior visceral endoderm—turning heads
Authors: Srinivas Shankar 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Anterior Visceral Endoderm is an extraembryonic tissue that plays a pivotal role during embryogenesis, being responsible for the proper orientation of the anterior‐posterior axis of the embryo and for appropriate pattering of adjacent embryonic tissue. In this review I discuss the formation and migration of the AVE, and attempt to place some recent findings in the context of a working model. genesis 44:565–572, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNFα on the intracellular localization of retinoid receptors in Schwann cells
Authors: Mey Jörg , Schrage Kirsten , Wessels Inga , Vollpracht‐Crijns Ilona 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt was investigated whether retinoic acid (RA) and the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNFα influence the intracellular distribution of retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR) in Schwann cells. This question arose because nuclear translocation of RARα, RXRα, and RXRβ was observed after nerve injury, and because mutual interactions exist between the signal transduction pathways of RA and proinflammatory cytokines. Schwann cell primary cultures from the rat sciatic nerve were incubated with IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNFα, with all‐transRA and with a combination of IL‐1β and RA. After incubation periods ranging from 5 min to 5 h, the intracellular distributions of RARα, RARβ, RXRα, and RXRβ were analyzed. All three cytokines caused a shift of RARα from the cytosolic compartments into the cell nuclei. This was also observed with RA, and combining RA with IL‐1β produced an additive effect. IL‐1β and IL‐6 also affected the distribution of RARβ, although immunoreactivity of this receptor always remained stronger in the cytosol. No effect of the cytokines on RXRα or RXRβ was observed, whereas RA treatment caused a stronger nuclear signal of both receptors. Effects on the subcellular localization of retinoid receptors may provide a link in a feedback loop between RA/RAR and cytokines. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
S100B expression defines a state in which GFAP‐expressing cells lose their neural stem cell potential and acquire a more mature developmental stage
Authors: Raponi Eric , Agenes Fabien , Delphin Christian , Assard Nicole , Baudier Jacques , Legraverend Catherine , Deloulme Jean‐Christophe 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDuring the postnatal development, astrocytic cells in the neocortex progressively lose their neural stem cell (NSC) potential, whereas this peculiar attribute is preserved in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ). To understand this fundamental difference, many reports suggest that adult subventricular GFAP‐expressing cells might be maintained in immature developmental stage. Here, we show that S100B, a marker of glial cells, is absent from GFAP‐expressing cells of the SVZ and that its onset of expression characterizes a terminal maturation stage of cortical astrocytic cells. Nevertheless, when cultured in vitro, SVZ astrocytic cells developed as S100B expressing cells, as do cortical astrocytic cells, suggesting that SVZ microenvironment represses S100B expression. Using transgenic s100b‐EGFP cells, we then demonstrated that S100B expression coincides with the loss of neurosphere forming abilities of GFAP expressing cells. By doing grafting experiments with cells derived from β‐actin‐GFP mice, we next found that S100B expression in astrocytic cells is repressed in the SVZ, but not in the striatal parenchyma. Furthermore, we showed that treatment with epidermal growth factor represses S100B expression in GFAP‐expressing cells in vitro as well as in vivo. Altogether, our results indicate that the S100B expression defines a late developmental stage after which GFAP‐expressing cells lose their NSC potential and suggest that S100B expression is repressed by adult SVZ microenvironment. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transformation of adult retina from the regenerative to the axonogenesis state activates specific genes in various subsets of neurons and glial cells
Authors: Liedtke Thomas , Naskar Rita , Eisenacher Martin , Thanos Solon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the gene expression profile of the regenerating retina in vitro. To achieve this goal, three experimental groups were studied: (1) an injury control group (OC‐LI group) that underwent open crush (OC) of the optic nerve and lens injury (LI) in vivo; (2) an experimental group (OC‐LI‐R group) that comprised animals treated like those in the OC‐LI group except that retinal axons were allowed to regenerate (R) in vitro; and (3) an experimental group (OC‐LI‐NR group) that comprised animals treated as those in the OC‐LI group, except that the retinas were cultured in vitro with the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer facing upwards to prevent axonal regeneration (NR). Gene expression in each treatment group was compared to that of untreated controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine whether expression of differentially regulated genes also occurred at the protein level and to localize these proteins to the respective retinal cells. Genes that were regulated belonged to different functional categories such as antioxidants, antiapoptotic molecules, transcription factors, secreted signaling molecules, inflammation‐related genes, and others. Comparison of changes in gene expression among the various treatment groups revealed a relatively small cohort of genes that was expressed in different subsets of cells only in the OC‐LI‐R group; these genes can be considered to be regeneration‐specific. Our findings demonstrate that axonal regeneration of RGC involves an orchestrated response of all retinal neurons and glia, and could provide a platform for the development of therapeutic strategies for the regeneration of injured ganglion cells. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors influencing the release of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved forms of nitrogen from a small upland headwater during autumn runoff events
Authors: Cooper Richard , Thoss Vera , Watson Helen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe identify and assess the relative importance of the principal factors influencing the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved forms of nitrogen (N) from a small upland headwater dominated by podzolic soils during a sequence of autumn runoff events. We achieve this by subjecting high‐resolution hydrometeorological and hydrochemical data to an R‐mode principal component factor analysis and a stepwise multivariate regression analysis. We find that the release of DOC and N is influenced by four principal factors, namely event magnitude, soil water flow through the Bs horizon, the length of time since the soil profile was last flushed, and rewetting of the H horizon. The release of DOC and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is most strongly influenced by the combination of event magnitude and soil water flow through the Bs horizon, and to a lesser extent by the length of time since the soil profile was last flushed. Rewetting of the H horizon also influences the release of DOC, but this is not the case for DON. The release of nitrate (NO3‐N) is most strongly influenced by the combination of the length of time since the soil profile was last flushed and rewetting of the H horizon, and to a lesser extent by event magnitude. Soil water flow through the Bs horizon does not influence the release of NO3‐N. We argue that the mechanisms by which the above factors influence the release of DOC and N are probably strongly associated with moisture‐dependent biological activity, which governs the turnover of organic matter in the soil and limits the availability of NO3‐N in the soil for leaching. We conclude that the release of DOC and N from upland headwaters dominated by podzolic soils is largely controlled by the variable interaction of hydrometeorological factors and moisture‐dependent biological processes, and that a shift in climate towards drier summers and wetter winters may result in the release of DOC and N becoming increasingly variable and more episodic in the future. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.