bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for facilitating change in alcohol and other drugs (AOD) professional practice: a systematic review of the effectiveness of reminders and feedback
Authors: BYWOOD PETRA T. , LUNNAY BELINDA , ROCHE ANN M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn all areas of health research, including the alcohol and other drugs (AOD) field, funds are committed to developing and evaluating research and resources, yet little is invested into helping potential resource users understand, adopt and implement innovations. This study evaluated the effectiveness of two professional practice change interventions (reminders and feedback) that are designed to bridge the ‘research—practice gap’ by increasing knowledge and changing behaviour of health‐care professionals and specialist AOD workers. We conducted a systematic review of general health, AOD and mental health literature (1966 to March 2005). Fourteen existing systematic reviews and 15 primary studies were assessed. Because few studies evaluated the effectiveness of reminders and feedback in the AOD context, evidence is drawn largely from the general health‐care literature. Use of reminders and feedback is supported for a range of health behaviours. AOD‐specific clinical behaviours that are most likely to be improved with the use of reminders or feedback include pharmacotherapy prescribing, AOD education, screening and counselling and monitoring/management of AOD treatment and/or related problems (e.g. depression). Reminders and feedback are effective strategies to facilitate professional practice change and have potential in the AOD field. However, further well‐designed empirical studies are needed to assess fully the effectiveness of these professional practice change strategies in AOD‐specific contexts.
Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin Inhibition During Acetylcholine‐Mediated Cutaneous Vasodilation in Humans
Authors: MEDOW MARVIN S. , GLOVER JUNE L. , STEWART JULIAN M. 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTAcetylcholine‐induced endothelium‐dependent vasodilation in conduit arteries primarily depends on nitric oxide (NO). However, the biochemical mediators in the microvasculature remain less well defined. We tested whether prostaglandins and NO are responsible for cutaneous acetylcholine‐mediated vasodilation and if they interact to modulate vasodilation. We measured skin blood flow (SBF) using laser Doppler flow (LDF) with intradermal microdialysis in the calves of 23 healthy volunteers. We examined the response of SBF to different doses of acetylcholine (0.01–100 mM), the nonisoform‐specific NO synthase inhibitor, nitro‐L‐arginine (NLA, 10 mM), the nonspecific cyclo‐oxygenase (COX) inhibitor, ketorolac (Keto, 10 mM), and combined NLA + Keto. NLA had no effect on baseline SBF, while Keto increased baseline SBF by approximately 150%. The increase was blunted with combined NLA + Keto. SBF increased by approximately 700% with the highest acetylcholine concentration and reduced by approximately 60% by NLA. Ketorolac alone also reduced the response to acetylcholine, although the reduction varied between 10 and 20% at differing acetylcholine doses. NLA plus ketorolac reduced the responses to different doses of acetylcholine by some 30%, which was intermediate to NOS or COX inhibition alone. These data suggest that cutaneous acetylcholine‐mediated endothelium‐dependent vasodilation is highly NO‐dependent and is also strongly related to the interactions of NO with prostaglandins.
Characterization of a novel microdeletion polymorphism on BTA5 in cattle
Authors: Liu G. E. , Li R. W. , Sonstegard T. S. , Matukumalli L. K. , Silva M. V. G. B. , Van Tassell C. P. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryWe present a detailed breakpoint mapping and population frequency analysis of a 214‐kb microdeletion that removes multiple olfactory receptor genes. Using progressive rounds of PCR assays, we mapped the upstream and downstream breakpoints of this microdeletion event to ∼1 and 12 kb genomic regions, respectively. We developed PCR‐based genotyping assays, characterized a dairy cattle panel of 96 samples and found that the frequency of the deletion allele was over 51%. Our results indicated that this microdeletion is an ancient event occurring in one of the earlier founders, and that it has been stably inherited across generations in the North American dairy cattle population.
High accuracy of genetic discrimination among chicken lines obtained through an individual assignment test
Authors: Tadano R. , Nishibori M. , Tsudzuki M. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryIn the current study, we carried out assignment tests applying the Bayesian and distance‐based methods, using 20 microsatellite genotypes in four chicken lines. The Bayesian method showed slightly higher performance of assignment than the distance‐based method. In the assignment using the Bayesian method, ≥90% accuracy of assignment was attained by using only two of the most heterozygous markers, whereas in the case of the least heterozygous markers, six were needed to reach the same level of accuracy. In the assignment of the most closely related line pair (FST = 0.1736), at least 12 markers selected by random ordering and at least 15 individuals per line were needed to stably obtain high accuracy of assignment (≥97%), whereas using only six random markers achieved 97–100% of accuracy between the two most distinct lines (FST = 0.3651) without reference to the sample size per line.
Linkage of bilateral convergent strabismus with exophthalmus (BCSE) to BTA5 and BTA18 in German Brown cattle
Authors: Mömke S. , Fink S. , Wöhlke A. , Drögemüller C. , Distl O. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryBilateral convergent strabismus with exophthalmus (BCSE) is a widespread inherited eye defect in several cattle populations. Its progressive condition often leads to blindness in affected cattle and decreases their usability. Furthermore, the German animal welfare laws prevent breeding with animals whose progeny are expected to be affected by genetic defects. Identifying genes involved in the heredity of BCSE should lead to insights into the molecular pathogenesis of this eye disease and permit the establishment of a genetic test for this disease. A whole‐genome scan for 10 families containing a total of 159 genotyped individuals identified two BCSE loci. One BCSE locus mapped to the centromeric region on bovine chromosome (BTA) 5 and the other BCSE locus mapped to the telomeric region of BTA18. Thus, it is possible that two genes are involved in the development of BCSE. Alternatively, one of these loci could be the cause for the development of BCSE and the other locus could affect the progression and severity of the defect.
Integrated genomic and expression profiling in mantle cell lymphoma: identification of gene‐dosage regulated candidate genes
Authors: Schraders Margit , Jares Pedro , Bea Silvia , Schoenmakers Eric F. P. M. , Van Krieken Johan H. J. M. , Campo Elias , Groenen Patricia J. T. A. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation and several other cytogenetic aberrations, including heterozygous loss of chromosomal arms 1p, 6q, 11q and 13q and/or gains of 3q and 8q. The common intervals of chromosomal imbalance have been narrowed down using array‐comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). However, the chromosomal intervals still contain many genes potentially involved in MCL pathogeny. Combined analysis of tiling‐resolution array‐CGH with gene expression profiling on 11 MCL tumours enabled the identification of genomic alterations and their corresponding gene expression profiles. Only subsets of genes located within given cytogenetic anomaly‐intervals showed a concomitant change in mRNA expression level. The genes that showed consistent correlation between DNA copy number and RNA expression levels are likely to be important in MCL pathology. Besides several ‘anonymous genes’, we also identified various fully annotated genes, whose gene products are involved in cyclic adenosine monophosphate‐regulated pathways (PRKACB), DNA damage repair, maintenance of chromosome stability and prevention of rereplication (ATM, ERCC5, FBXO5), energy metabolism (such as genes that are involved in the synthesis of proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome) and signal transduction (ARHGAP29). Deregulation of these gene products may interfere with the signalling pathways that are involved in MCL tumour development and maintenance.
The addition of rituximab to anthracycline‐based chemotherapy significantly improves outcome in ‘Western’ patients with intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Ferreri Andrés J. M. , Dognini Giuseppina P. , Bairey Osnat , Szomor Arpad , Montalbán Carlos , Horvath Barbara , Demeter Judit , Uziel Lilj , Soffietti Riccardo , Seymour John F. , Ambrosetti Achille , Willemze Rein , Martelli Maurizio , Rossi Giuseppe , Candoni Anna , De Renzo Amalia , Doglioni Claudio , Zucca Emanuele , Cavalli Franco , Ponzoni Maurilio ,   on behalf of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (I.E.L.S.G.)
Published: August 2008

SummarySome case reports and a Japanese series suggest benefit from the use of rituximab in patients with intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma (IVL). Rituximab efficacy was evaluated in Western patients with IVL, comparing outcome of 10 patients treated with rituximab + chemotherapy (R‐CT) and of 20 patients treated with chemotherapy alone (CT). There were no significant differences in patients’ characteristics between the two subgroups. The addition of rituximab was associated with improved complete remission rate (90% vs. 50%; P = 0·04), event‐free survival (3‐year: 89% vs. 35%; P = 0·003) and overall survival (3‐year: 89% vs. 38%; P = 0·01). In conclusion, rituximab may substantially change the dismal prognosis of IVL.
Aplastic anaemia in association with coeliac disease: a series of three cases
Authors: Grey‐Davies E. , Hows J. M. , Marsh J. C. W. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryWe report a series of three patients in whom the diagnoses of aplastic anaemia (AA) and coeliac disease were made concurrently. Haematological manifestations of coeliac disease are well described but this is the first report to suggest an association with aplastic anaemia. ‘Silent/atypical coeliac disease’, in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, is increasingly recognised and patients may present with generalised symptoms, such as malaise and fatigue, which are easily attributable to AA. Immunosuppressive therapy for AA could modulate the course of celiac disease. We recommend clinicians should be vigilant for signs of coeliac disease in patients with AA.
Effect of the dose per body weight of conditioning chemotherapy on severity of mucositis and risk of relapse after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in relapsed diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Costa Luciano J. , Micallef Ivana N. , Inwards David J. , Johnston Patrick B. , Porrata Luis F. , Litzow Mark R. , Ansell Stephen M. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryHigh‐dose chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is considered standard therapy in patients with chemosensitive relapsed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). BCNU (carmustine), etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan (BEAM) is a widely used standard DLBCL conditioning regimen. The practice of basing chemotherapy doses on body surface area (BSA) is empirical and the best biometric parameter to dose chemotherapy is unknown. Weight‐based dosing has been suggested to better predict toxicity of the conditioning regimen. We correlated the dose/weight ratio with toxicity and overall outcome in a uniform cohort of 80 consecutive patients receiving HSC transplant for relapsed DLBCL at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN following BSA‐dosed BEAM conditioning chemotherapy. Melphalan dose was used as surrogate for the entire regimen. Median age at the time of transplant was 62 (26–77) years; 65% were males. The median melphalan dose was 3·2 mg/kg (range 2·2–4·5). Patients who received >3·6 mg/kg of melphalan were more likely to have grade 3 or 4 mucositis (44·4% vs. 9·8%, P = 0·001) and prolonged hospitalization (median 13 vs. 7 d; P = 0·04). Dose/weight ratio did not correlate with cumulative incidence of relapse (P = 0·3) or survival (P = 0·8). Transplant physicians should consider limiting the dose of BEAM to the equivalent of 3·6 mg/kg of melphalan.
Double cord blood transplantation in patients with high risk bone marrow failure syndromes
Authors: Ruggeri A. , Peffault de Latour R. , Rocha V. , Larghero J. , Robin M. , Rodrigues C. A. , Traineau R. , Ribaud P. , Ferry C. , Devergie A. , Gluckman E. , Socié G. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryPatients with bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) who reject a first allogeneic transplant or fail immunosuppressive therapy (IST) have an especially grim prognosis. We report 14 patients (eight adults, six children) transplanted with double cord blood transplantation (dUCBT) for BMFS. Neutrophil recovery was observed in eight patients, with full donor chimerism of one unit, and acute GVHD in 10. With a median follow‐up of 23 months, the estimated 2 years overall survival was 80 ± 17% and 33 ± 16% for patients with acquired and inherited BMFS, respectively. Transplantation of two partially HLA‐matched UCB thus enables salvage treatment of high‐risk patients with BMFS.
On the need for manipulating density in competition experiments
Authors: Damgaard C. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryIt has recently been recommended that one can experimentally test the hypothesis of coexistence in competition experiments by varying the proportions of different species, with a fixed combined density. This recommendation is based on the use of the per‐capita growth rate of rare species as a criterion for species coexistence. Here, I will discuss why this is not a good idea; it is argued that because mortality and reproduction in plants is known to be affected by density in nonlinear ways it is essential to include density as an experimental factor in competition experiments when making predictions about coexistence.
On testing the role of niche differences in stabilizing coexistence
Authors: Levine Jonathan M. , Adler Peter B. , HilleRisLambers Janneke 
Published: August 2008

SummaryReplacement series designs have been criticized because they may inaccurately predict the outcome of competition, particularly when species’ vital rates respond to competitor density in strongly nonlinear ways. Here we explain that despite this concern, experiments manipulating frequency can still effectively quantify the strength of niche differences in stabilizing coexistence, the goal of an experiment we proposed in an earlier paper. Niche differences cause species to have greater per capita growth rates when rare than when common, and we demonstrate that this result is robust to variation in total density. We also emphasize that our proposed experimental design does not call for fixing density across species’ frequency gradients, thus differing from a traditional replacement series design. We show that our approach and the more labor‐intensive response surface design share the same theoretical foundation and both are apppropriate for quantifying the role of niche differences in stabilizing the dynamics of coexisting species.
Treatment of inflammatory internal root resorption with mineral trioxide aggregate: a case report
Authors: Jacobovitz M. , De Lima R. K. P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim  To report the treatment and follow‐up of a maxillary central incisor with internal resorption managed by root canal treatment, white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) repair and a fibre‐glass post for reinforcement.Summary  This study presents a case of extensive internal root resorption affecting tooth 11 (FDI) in a 28‐year‐old male patient, with a history of trauma in that region. The substantial loss of tooth structure, including cementum, and a perforation with lateral periodontal communication were complicating factors. Despite a guarded prognosis but encouraged by a healthy periodontal condition, treatment based on reconstructing the tooth with white MTA and a fibre‐glass core was carried out. Follow‐up radiographs over 20 months demonstrated the maintenance of a functional tooth. The tooth did, however, discolour after MTA treatment.Key learning points • Because of its insidious pathology, internal root resorption can extend to significant dimensions before being recognized.• MTA plus the fitting of a fibre‐glass post provided adequate, functional rehabilitation of a compromised tooth for 20 months.• Despite the favourable biological and mechanical properties of white MTA, considerable tooth discolouration may occur.
Complex endodontic treatment of an immature type III dens invaginatus. A case report
Authors: Fregnani E. R. , Spinola L. F. B. , Sônego J. R. O. , Bueno C. E. S. , De Martin A. S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim  To report the endodontic treatment of an immature maxillary central incisor with dens invaginatus.Summary  Dens invaginatus is a rare malformation of teeth, probably resulting from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development. The present case describes the complex endodontic treatment of a type III dens invaginatus in an immature maxillary central incisor with a necrotic pulp and abscess formation. The initial treatment goal was to achieve apexification of the pseudocanal root and conservative root canal treatment in the main canal. Following 1‐year of treatment with calcium hydroxide dressings, radiography revealed a healing response, but no sign of a hard tissue barrier at the apex. Periapical surgery with the placement of a zinc oxide cement (IRM) root‐end filling was considered successful at the 4‐year follow‐up.Key learning points • The complexity of the canal system and open apex in dens invaginatus present a challenge to endodontic treatment.• Correct diagnosis and treatment planning are fundamental to treatment of dens invaginatus.• Periapical surgery is indicated in cases of unsuccessful apexification in immature teeth with dens invaginatus and nonvital pulp.
Foreign body in the apical portion of a root canal in a tooth with an immature apex: a case report
Authors: Prabhakar A. R. , Namineni S. , Subhadra H. N. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim  To describe the successful retrieval of a foreign object located in the apical portion of an immature root canal by simple orthograde techniques, avoiding the need for surgery or intentional reimplantation.Summary  A radio‐opaque foreign object lodged in the apical portion of an immature root canal was discovered on radiographic examination of a patient with a complicated crown fracture. Attempts to retrieve it resulted in displacement into the periapical area. Eventually, the object was retrieved by a simple technique, followed by successful apexification, root canal filling and jacket crown placement.Key learning points • Foreign bodies in root canals should be carefully evaluated to determine their nature, position, size and the degree of difficulty that may be encountered during retrieval.• Patience, care and appropriate techniques may be helpful in retrieving foreign bodies and avoiding periapical surgery.• Complicated crown fractures should be managed promptly, and prolonged open drainage avoided in children if the risks of foreign body impaction are to be minimized.
Modification of mineral trioxide aggregate. Physical and mechanical properties
Authors: Camilleri J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim  To evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of two cements with a similar chemical composition to mineral trioxide aggregate and to attempt to improve their properties by producing a composite material.Methodology  Two cement types were used: a mixture of calcium sulpho‐aluminate cement and Portland cement (CSA) and calcium fluoro‐aluminate cement (CFA) in conjunction with an admixture to improve the handling characteristics. Cements were mixed with an inert filler to produce cement composite. The setting time of the cements was evaluated using an indentation technique. The flexural and uni‐axial compressive strengths and solubility of the cements and cement composites were evaluated. The properties of the materials were compared with proprietary brand glass–ionomer cement.Results  The setting time of the CSA and CFA cements was less than 6 min. The use of an admixture to improve the handling properties tended to retard setting. CSA was stronger then CFA in both compression and flexure (P < 0.001). Addition of granite increased the flexural strength of both cements but reduced the compressive strength (P < 0.01). CFA absorbed more water then CSA. Addition of granite reduced the water uptake of both cements.Conclusions  Both CSA and CFA cements had adequate setting times and compressive strength values when compared with proprietary brand glass–ionomer cement. CSA was superior to CFA and had more promise as a prospective dental material.
Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor in human dental pulp cells of noncarious and carious teeth
Authors: El Karim I. A. , Lamey P.‐J. , Linden G. J. , Lundy F. T. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim  To determine the distribution of the NPY Y1 receptor in carious and noncarious human dental pulp tissue using immunohistochemistry. A subsidiary aim was to confirm the presence of the NPY Y1 protein product in membrane fractions of dental pulp tissue from carious and noncarious teeth using western blotting.Methodology  Twenty two dental pulp samples were collected from carious and noncarious extracted teeth. Ten samples were processed for immunohistochemistry using a specific antibody to the NPY Y1 receptor. Twelve samples were used to obtain membrane extracts which were electrophoresed, blotted onto nitrocellulose and probed with NPY Y1 receptor antibody. Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance was employed to test for overall statistical differences between NPY Y1 levels in noncarious, moderately carious and grossly carious teeth.Results  Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor immunoreactivity was detected on the walls of blood vessels in pulp tissue from noncarious teeth. In carious teeth NPY Y1 immunoreactvity was observed on nerve fibres, blood vessels and inflammatory cells. Western blotting indicated the presence and confirmed the variability of NPY Y1 receptor protein expression in solubilised membrane preparations of human dental pulp tissue from carious and noncarious teeth.Conclusions  Neuropeptide Y Y1 is expressed in human dental pulp tissue with evidence of increased expression in carious compared with noncarious teeth, suggesting a role for NPY Y1 in modulation of caries induced pulpal inflammation.