bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic effects of ether lipids and derivatives in human nonneoplastic bone marrow cells and leukemic cells in vitro
Authors: Schick Hans D. , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Fromm Michael , Fink Ulrich , Jehn Ulrich , Ulm Kurt , Reichert Anneliese , Eibl Hansjörg , Unger Clemens , Rastetter Johann 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe effects of 2‐lysophosphatidylcholine (2‐LPC), the alkyl lysophospholipid derivatives (ALP) 1‐O‐octadecyl‐2‐O‐methyl‐rac‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (ET‐18‐OCH3) and 1‐O‐hexadecyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospho‐trimethyl‐ammonio‐hexanol, the 2‐acetamide analog of platelet‐activating factor (PAF) 1‐O‐octadecyl‐2‐acetamide‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine, the thioether lysophospholipid derivative (TLP) BM 41.440 and the ether‐linked lipoidal amine CP‐46,665 on tritiated thymidine uptake and trypan blue dye exclusion were tested in vitro in various freshly explanted cell samples from human nonneoplastic bone marrow and human leukemias. In both assay systems, a dose range of 1–20 μg/ml of the compounds was tested after 24, 48 and 72 hr of coincubation with the cells.The trypan blue dye exclusion revealed statistically significant preferential cytotoxicity in leukemic cells for three compounds with the order of quantitative selectiveness: ET‐18‐OCH3>BM41.440>2‐acetamide analog of PAF. CP‐46,665 was the most toxic compound, but did not reveal significant differences between nonneoplastic bone marrow and leukemic cells when added in concentrations greater than 1 μg/ml. The trimethyl‐ammoniohexanol compound showed only minor activity in the majority of tests, when added at concentrations <20 μg/ml. 2‐LPC was rather ineffective.The tritiated thymidine uptake showed only preferential antiproliferative effects towards leukemic cells of ET‐18‐OCH3 and, sometimes, within the dose time frame tested of BM 41.440. All compounds tested except 2‐LPC and the trimethyl‐ammonio‐hexanol compound were active also in this assay (inhibition of uptake>50% of the controls). Based on these results, ET‐18‐OCH3 and BM 41.440 are recommended for experimental bone marrow purging.
Antineoplastic activity of the thioether lysophospholipid derivative BM 41.440 in vitro
Authors: Fromm Michael , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Schick Hans D. , Fink Ulrich , Pahlke Wulf , Bicker Uwe , Reichert Anneliese , Rastetter Johann 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThioether lysophospholipid derivatives (TLP) inhibited the in vitro uptake of [3H]thymidine into blasts of eight leukemias and cells of 12 different solid tumors of human origin. This effect correlated with trypan blue dye exclusion, which was used to assess cell damage.Cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of TLP were dependent on dosage and incubation time. Destruction of leukemic blasts was completed with >5 μg/ml after an incubation of >48 hr, but 10 to 20 μg/ml were necessary in solid tumors. Ester‐linked 2‐lysophosphatidylcholine was ineffective in the same dose range, which points to the requirement of the alkyl moiety insn‐1 and a stablesn‐2 substitution of the molecule for the antineoplastic effect.To assess putative antileukemic selectivity, the cytotoxicity (trypan blue dye exclusion) of TLP was compared in human cell samples of 19 non‐neoplastic bone marrows and 9 leukemias. Results revealed a significantly higher activity of the TLP BM 41.440 in leukemic blasts.
Synthesis of thioether phosphocholine analogues
Authors: Bosies Elmar , Herrmann Dieter B. J. , Bicker Uwe , Gall Rudi , Pahlke Wulf 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of thioether phospholipids, which represent a new class of antitumor agents, is reported here. In particular, the route of synthesis of 3‐hexadecylmercapto‐2‐methoxymethylpropyl‐2′‐trimethylammonio‐ethyl phosphate (BM 41.440, Ilmofosine), one of the most potent cytostatic/cytotoxic derivatives, is described in detail. Starting with diethylbis‐hydroxymethylmalonate, ethyl 2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐5‐carboxylate is formed via diethyl 2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐5,5‐dicarboxylate and 5‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐5‐carboxylic acid. Reduction of ethyl 2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐5‐carboxylate with LiAlH4 affords 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxane. Alkylation with dimethyl sulfate gives 5‐methoxymethyl‐2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxane. The ring structure then is opened byN‐bromosuccinimide, resulting in the formation of 3‐bromo‐2‐methoxymethylpropyl benzoate. Reaction of 3‐bromo‐2‐methoxymethylpropyl benzoate with the sodium salt of hexadecanethiol leads to 3‐hexadecylmercapto‐2‐methoxy‐methylpropanol, which is reacted with a cyclic chlorophosphate to give the corresponding phosphorylated 3‐hexadecylmercapto‐2‐methoxymethylpropanol. Treatment with trimethylamine yields BM 41.440. This compound already has been tested in clinical phase I/II trials in West Germany.
Pharmacokinetics of the thioether phospholipid analogue BM 41.440 in rats
Authors: Herrmann Dieter B. J. , Besenfelder Eberhard , Bicker Uwe , Pahlke Wulf , Böhm Erwin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBM 41.440 (1‐hexadecylmercapto‐2‐methoxymethyl‐rac‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine) is a cytotoxic thioether phospholipid analogue that recently has entered phase I trials in cancer patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of this compound in female rats after administration of a single oral dose (15 mg/kg body weight [bw]). Furthermore, BM 41.440 serum concentrations were determined under a daily oral treatment of up to 13 weeks. Blood samples were obtained via permanent catheters from the femoral arteries before and after drug administration for a total of 120 hr. Urine was collected in 24 hr‐intervals for 120 hr; the volume was measured, and aliquots were stored at −20 C until analytical determination of the thioether derivative. BM 41.440 was assayed in serum and urine by means of a specific, newly developed reverse‐phase high pressure liquid chromatography technique. Mean maximum serum concentrations (1.7 μg/ml, n=4 animals) were attained after seven hr. A terminal half‐life of ca. 27 hr was calculated from the rate constant for the terminal elimination phase (λz ∼ 0.026/hr). The mean serum BM 41.440 concentration‐time‐area‐under‐the‐curve was 52.9 mg × hr/l. The ratio of total body clearance to absorption fraction was 4.7 ml/min × kg bw. Only a small amount of the drug was found in the urine. The quantity excreted in the urine during a 24 hr‐interval never exceeded 1.5% of the administered dose. Under a daily oral schedule (15 mg/kg bw × day) up to 13 weeks, mean BM 41.440 serum concentrations of 3.3±0.5 μg/ml and 5.2±1.2 μg/ml (mean ±S.D., n=10 animals) were found after five and 13 weeks, respectively. Taken together, the data indicate that BM 41.440 was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration and that accumulation of BM 41.440 can occur in rats.
Predictors of adolescent health care utilization
Authors: Vingilis Evelyn , Wade Terrance , Seeley Jane 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTThis study, using Andersen's health care utilization model, examined how predisposing characteristics, enabling resources, need, personal health practices, and psychological factors influence health care utilization using a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of Canadian adolescents. Second, this study examined whether this process varies across physicians, non‐physicians, and dentists. The results indicate that need and psychological factors were strong determinants of utilization. Predisposing factors were associated with utilization, although there were few enabling resources. Differences were found for utilization of different services. Females, adolescents who were older, from single parent families, with lower self‐rated health, lower health status, higher disability, higher distress and involved in health compromizing practices were more likely to visit physicians and non‐physicians. Higher dentist utilization was related to higher income, single parent status, being younger, having lower health status, and higher disability. Predisposing and enabling factors were not mediators of utilization. The findings suggest that health care providers could be an important source of counselling on psychological, lifestyle issues, and physical concerns.
Keeping the maintenance of daily life in spite of Chronic Heart Failure. A qualitative study
Authors: Falk Solvig , Wahn Anna-Karin , Lidell Evy 
Published: December 2006

Background Patients with CHF (Chronic Heart Failure) is an increasing group in the society. They often experience increasing powerlessness and depression in daily life as well as difficulties adhering to other physical symptoms. Many patients have difficulties to deal with daily demands. Aims To describe how persons, living with CHF, perceived the maintenance of their daily life. Methods This study was following a phenomenographic method in order to describe variations of perceptions. Data was collected through taped interviews, taken from 17 patients. The sample was selected from patients attending a specialist Chronic Heart Failure day care unit. Results Five main categories were identified from 345 statements describing variations in how patients with CHF kept maintenance in their daily life. The categories include: dealing with the realities of life, dealing with thoughts about life's infinity, taking responsibility, dealing with the surrounding world and keeping up with values of life. Conclusion The illness symptoms clearly affected daily routines but participants showed remarkable resolve and showed that values in life could be maintained albeit with a few adjustments. No patient expressed a desire to give up. Understanding patients’ perceptions the specialist nurse can transfer these knowledge to other patients in similar situations.
Comparing two 38-kHz scientific echosounders
Authors: Jech J. Michael , Foote Kenneth G. , Chu Dezhang , Hufnagle Lawrence C. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The EK500 has been the state-of-the-art scientific echosounder for surveying marine fish stocks for over a decade; the EK60 is its successor. Ensuring comparability in performance is vital during the transition from the EK500 to the EK60. To quantify the respective performances, each echosounder was calibrated in tandem by the standard-target method using the same 38-kHz, 12° beam width, split-beam transducer, with alternating pinging by means of an external triggering-and-switching system. The principal measurements comprised split-beam-determined angle and target strength, on-axis sensitivity, and directionality in the plane normal to the acoustic axis, as measured with a 60-mm-diameter copper sphere. Ambient noise, including volumetric reverberation, was also measured. Principal comparisons included those of the time-series and histograms of split-beam-determined target strength; respective alongship and athwartship angles as determined by the split-beam system; and as expected, difference in the split-beam-determined and experimental target-strength values in the plane normal to the acoustic axis. The mean absolute difference in off-axis angle values was also compared. While the performance of the two echosounders is generally similar, systematic differences exist. For the particular calibration measurements, the time variability in measurements of on-axis target strength was of the order of 1 dB for the EK500 and 2 dB for the EK60. The target-strength distribution for measurements made with the EK500 was normal, with standard deviation 0.2–0.3 dB, whereas for the EK60, the target-strength distribution was distinctly skewed and the standard deviation varied over 0.3–0.5 dB. Differences were found between the split-beam and physical-angle measurements. They were noticeably larger in the case of the EK60. Differences in performance between the two echosounders suggest refinements to the new system that will help realize its full potential in scientific work.
Rothschild–Stiglitz's definition of increasing risk and the relationship between volatility and risk premium
Authors: Kanniainen Juho 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between volatility and risk premium under the capital asset pricing model and Rothschild and Stiglitz's [Rothschild, M. and J.E. Stiglitz. (1970) Increasing risk I: a definition. Journal of Economic Theory, 2, 225–243.] definition of increasing risk. Especially examined are the conditions of the widely used assumption of constant correlation, which results in a linear relationship. Though both the above model and definition are widely known and accepted, their compatibility has remained unclear in the literature. According to this paper, they are in harmony with the linear relationship, if the correlation between a stock and the market portfolio is less than 0.7. Otherwise a conflict may arise.
Human Gongylonema infection in Iran
Authors: Molavi G.H. , Massoud J. , Gutierrez Y. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe first human infection with Gongylonema in Iran is reported in a 35-year-old Iranian woman with complaints of one year duration and treated as a psychotic patient. Two worms, a male, and a female, were retrieved, described, and identified as G. pulchrum based on their morphological characteristics.
The life cycle of Haplorchis pumilio (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the Indian region
Authors: Umadevi K. , Madhavi R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe life cycle of the heterophyid fluke, Haplorchis pumilio is elucidated for the first time from the Indian region. Various stages in the life cycle were established based on observations made on natural infections found in snails and fish in a freshwater stream at Visakhapatnam, India and experimental infections carried out in the laboratory. The thiarid snail, Thiara tuberculata served as the first intermediate host and a wide range of freshwater fish as second intermediate hosts. Natural infections with adult flukes were found in the piscivorous birds Ardeola grayii and Bubulcus ibis. Adults were raised experimentally in day-old chicks. Distinguishing features of the cercaria of H. pumilio are: a large body size (200–224×92–96 μm), body–tail ratio of 1:2.1 and densely distributed pigment granules in the parenchyma imparting a brownish tinge to the body. Natural infections with metacercariae were found in the freshwater fish Channa punctatus, C. orientalis, Puntius sophore, Gambusia affinis and fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio and Liza macrolepis. Additionally, experimental infections were established in Therapon jarbua, Esomus danricus and Oreochromis mossambica. Metacercariae were embedded in the caudal muscles of fish and heavy infections induced mortality. Metacercariae were infective at about 15 days of age.
Morphological observations and the effects of artificial digestive fluids on the survival of Diploscapter coronata from a Japanese patient
Authors: Morimoto N. , Korenaga M. , Yagyu K. , Kagei N. , Fujieda M. , Bain O. , Wakiguchi H. , Hashiguchi Y. , Sugiura T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractUnusual non-human parasitic nematodes and eggs were detected in the faeces of an 8-year-old Japanese female suffering from Henoch-Schönlein purpura. The worms were adult female rhabditiform nematodes measuring 325.6–441.2 μm in length and 18.3–26.5 μm in width. One pair of the labia oris was notched with many spiny projections, while the other pair was strongly curved outwards. The worms were identified using light and scanning electron microscopy as the free-living nematode Diploscapter coronata (Cobb) based on their characteristic morphology. The patient's faeces containing worms and eggs were cultured using a filter-paper culture technique and after 7 days of culture, male as well as female worms were recovered. Worm survival time and hatchability of the eggs were examined in vitro after treatment with an artificial gastric or intestinal fluid. Although adult worms survived for less than one minute, eggs hatched after treatment with artificial gastric fluid. This suggests that eggs accidentally ingested or produced by adult D. coronata could develop in the human gastro-intestinal tract. Some morphological features of male D. coronata are also described.
Where in Europe should we look for sources of the cutaneous trematode Collyriclum faba infections in migrating birds?
Authors: Sitko J. , Sitko J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractCutaneous cysts with trematodes of Collyriclum faba have been found in birds during their spring and post-breeding migrations in the Czech Republic. During spring migrations, C. faba was found in one dunnock Prunella modularis, two European robins Erithacus rubecula, three common nightingales Luscinia megarhynchos, one song thrush Turdus philomelos and one great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus. During post-breeding migration, the same parasite was found in one garden warbler Sylvia borin, one whitehroat S. communis, three goldcrests Regulus regulus and one Eurasian treecreeper Certhia familiaris. The newly identified hosts of C. faba are dunnock, common nightingale, song thrush, great reed warbler and Eurasian treecreeper. Geographical areas of the birds' infection were identified from an analysis of reports on ringed birds of the same species, the time necessary for the development of cutaneous cysts with C. faba and the time of their survival, and hitherto known geographical areas of endemic occurrence of C. faba. It is presumed that birds trapped during spring migrations were infected in some montane and submontane regions in south-western Europe (the Alps, the Apennines). Birds infected during autumn migration or post-breeding vagrancy could have been infected in the Central European Carpathians, the region of C. faba endemic occurrence. For migrating birds, the impact of C. faba infections has not been hitherto assessed.
Morphological variability within Oesophagostomum bifurcum among different primate species from Ghana
Authors: de Gruijter J.M. , Blotkamp J. , Gasser R.B. , Amponsah S. , Polderman A.M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAdult Oesophagostomum bifurcum (Nematoda: Strongylida) from human and non-human primates from Ghana were compared in order to investigate the extent of morphological variability within the species. Using analysis of variance and principal component analysis, significant differences in morphological characters (such as parasite length, width, length of the oesophagus and length of spicules) were demonstrated between O. bifurcum worms from humans, the Mona, Patas or Green monkey and/or Olive baboons. These findings suggest that O. bifurcum from different species of primate host represent distinct population variants, also supported by recent epidemiological and genetic studies of O. bifurcum from such hosts.
Diagnostic value of IgG isotype responses against Brugia malayi antifilarial antibodies in the clinical spectrum of brugian filariasis
Authors: Wongkamchai S. , Rochjanawatsiriroj C. , Monkong N. , Nochot H. , Loymek S. , Jiraamornnimit C. , Hunnangkul S. , Choochote W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTo study the diagnostic significance of antifilarial IgG subclasses in the clinical spectrum of brugian filariasis, IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 antifilarial antibodies were determined in an exposed population comprising 74 asymptomatic amicrofilaraemics, 30 microfilaraemics, 20 lymphangitis and 16 elephantiasis patients resident in Narathiwart province, an area endemic for Brugia malayi lymphatic filariasis in southern Thailand. The dominant isotype of antifilarial antibody was IgG4. A significantly higher percentage of individuals were positive for IgG1 in the microfilaraemic and lymphangitis groups compared with the elephantiasis and endemic normal patients, while a significantly higher positive rate of IgG3 was found in those with lymphangitis. The possible role of these isotypes for diagnostic purposes and the pattern of antibody response in various clinically manifesting groups are discussed.
Eosinophil cationic protein, specific IgE and IgG4 in human toxocariasis
Authors: Magnaval J.-F. , Faufingue J.-H. , Morassin B. , Fabre R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAmong 67 French patients presenting a toxocaral infection, various demographic, environmental, clinical and laboratory parameters (blood eosinophil count, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), serum total IgE, specific IgE against common inhalant allergens, specific IgE and IgG4 against Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens) were investigated. Correlation studies and logistic regression analyses were conducted, testing elevated levels of ECP, specific anti-Toxocara IgE or IgG4 as outcome variables An elevated ECP level was significantly associated with both cough and rhinitis, a high level of specific anti-Toxocara IgE with itchy rashes and possible atopic status, and an increase of specific anti-Toxocara IgG4 with rural residence.
The effect of the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum on the mucosal architecture of the small intestine in hamsters
Authors: Alkazmi L.M.M. , Dehlawi M.S. , Behnke J.M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHookworms are known to cause marked changes to the intestinal mucosa, especially in relation to erosion of the villi. However, since the development of enteropathy has not been examined thoroughly through quantitative experiments on infected animals, the results of experiments conducted in hamsters infected with Ancylostoma ceylanicum are reported. Changes to intestinal architecture were first apparent between 12 and 14 days after infection, and then increased in intensity for 3–4 weeks, persisting for as long as worms were present (>63 days). Following infection, the height of villi declined from a mean of 1002 μm in naïve controls to less than 200 μm and as low as 18 μm in one case. The depth of the crypts of Lieberkuhn increased from a baseline value of 166 μm in naïve controls to in excess of 600 μm within 6 weeks of infection. Mitotic figures had a baseline value of 5.5 per villus-crypt unit, and this rose to in excess of 25 in some experiments. Changes were dependent on the intensity of the parasite burden on day 20, but by 30 days after infection changes in all three values were maximal and density-dependent relationships were no longer clearly apparent. Villus height and crypt depth returned to near normal values within a week of the removal of worms, although group means for both remained different from naïve controls for at least 3 weeks after treatment. Cellular division, as reflected in numbers of mitotic figures, stayed elevated for over 5 weeks after removal of worms. The results suggest that enteropathy in hookworm infections stems from a combination of intestinal immune responses and from the grazing activities of the adult worms on the mucosal surface, but is not sufficient per se for expulsion of this parasite.
Modeling Shear Damage to Suspended CHO Cells during Cross‐Flow Filtration
Authors: Vickroy Bruce , Lorenz Karen , Kelly William 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA mathematical model is presented for predicting the shear‐induced decrease in live cells occurring over time during tangential flow filtration. The model uses a cell death rate constant ( K) and considers the effects of flow rate, solution viability, and filtration system volumes and dimensions. Single pass and recycle capillary experiments with solutions of high (93%), medium (87%), and low (70%) viability were run, where the maximum laminar shear stress ranged from 10– 300 Pa, to validate the model and determine cell death rate constants. The K values for the suspended CHO cells used in this research ranged from 0.06 to 12.5 s−1. These K values increased with shear stress, as expected, and also as the solution viability decreased.