bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pilot DSPD Programme
Authors: O'Loughlin Ailbhe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines what happened when a policy that was devised to strike a ‘balance’ between the rights of ‘dangerous people with severe personality disorder’ and those of the public encountered the realities of the prison and secure hospital systems. It investigates whether the pilot Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) Programme lived up to the high expectations of its originators, and the allied question of whether it could have been expected to do so in view of a long history of unsuccessful attempts to tackle seemingly intractable problems. It demonstrates that the sticky labels of dangerousness and personality disorder can impede movement though systems designed to enable prisoners or patients to engage with rehabilitation as a precondition of release. Requiring them to demonstrate change and regarding their efforts to make progress with suspicion creates a double bind from which it is very difficult to escape. The evidence from the DSPD Programme further shows that participation in treatment could cause harm to individuals. Participation could also generate a risk of disproportionate punishment by increasing the length of a prisoner’s detention and imposing greater hard treatment by requiring them to participate in psychological interventions in a coercive environment.
No mitochondrial DNA variation in COI gene among widely distributed populations of a parthenogenetic praying mantid: a biogeographic puzzle
Authors: Hurd Lawrence E , Cooper Gregory J , Cabe Paul R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The endemic North American praying mantid, Brunneria borealis Scudder (1896), is obligatorily parthenogenic and wingless. The species is both geographically widespread, distributed over an essentially continuous pericoastal range of more than 2,400 km from eastern Texas to central North Carolina, and abundant in early-stage successional old fields. We used mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) analysis to examine the genetic similarities among specimens of this insect and collected from 7 states along this range of distribution. We found no variations in the mitochondrial COI gene, which suggests that this wide geographic distribution of the species is surprisingly recent. We hypothesize that its obligatory parthenogenic status may be an accident of colonization of North America by a single facultative parthenogenic female, and the subsequent distribution was most likely achieved by inadvertent human transport.
GINSA: an accumulator for paired locality and next-generation small ribosomal subunit sequence data
Authors: Odle Eric , Kahng Samuel , Riewluang Siratee , Kurihara Kyoko , Wakeman Kevin C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Motivated by the challenges of decentralized genetic data spread across multiple international organizations, GINSA leverages the Global Biodiversity Information Facility infrastructure to automatically retrieve and link small ribosomal subunit sequences with locality information.

Results
Testing on taxa from major organism groups demonstrates broad applicability across taxonomic levels and dataset sizes.

Availability and implementation
GINSA is a freely accessible Python program under the MIT License and can be installed from PyPI via pip.
Pig conceptuses utilize extracellular vesicles for interferon-gamma-mediated paracrine communication with the endometrium
Authors: Cain Joe W , Seo Heewon , Bumgardner Katie , Lefevre Carli , Burghardt Robert C , Bazer Fuller W , Johnson Gregory A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFNG) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by the porcine conceptus (embryo and extra-embryonic membranes) during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. IFNG modifies the endometrial inflammatory immune response and is required for the implantation and survival of the conceptus. It is not known how IFNG from the conceptus trophectoderm is transported across the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE). In the present study, immunofluorescence analyses detected immunoreactive IFNG protein in both the trophectoderm and endometrial LE on Day 15 of pregnancy, while our previous research localized IFNG mRNA only to conceptus trophectoderm. Using minced endometrial explants to disrupt the barrier posed by the intact endometrial LE, treatment with recombinant IFNG induced the expression of genes that were not induced when IFNG was infused into the uterine lumen in vivo by McLendon et al. (Biology of Reproduction. 2020;103(5):1018–1029). We hypothesized that during pregnancy extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as intercellular signaling vehicles to transport conceptus-derived IFNG across the intact endometrial LE and into the stromal compartment of the uterus. Western blotting detected the presence of IFNG in EVs isolated from the uterine fluid of pregnant gilts, but not nonpregnant gilts. Real-time PCR demonstrated increased expression of IFNG-stimulated genes in EV-treated endometrial explants and EV-mediated IFNG transport was confirmed in whole uterine sections cultured with EVs from Day 15 of pregnancy. These results suggest that EVs are involved in IFNG transport across the endometrial LE to enable paracrine communication between the conceptus and cells within the endometrial stroma.
Palliative surgery: state of the science and future directions
Authors: Lilley Elizabeth J , Farber Orly N , Cooper Zara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Palliative surgical procedures are operations that aim to alleviate symptoms in a patient with serious, life-limiting illness. They are common, particularly within the field of surgical oncology. However, few high-quality studies have attempted to measure the durability of improvements in symptoms and quality of life after palliative surgery. Furthermore, many of the studies that do exist are outdated and employ highly inconsistent definitions of palliative surgery. Consequently, the paucity of robust and reliable evidence on the benefits, risks, and trade-offs of palliative surgery hampers clinical decision-making for patients and their surgeons. The evidence for palliative surgery suggests that, with effective communication about goals of care and careful patient selection, palliative surgery can provide symptomatic relief and reduce healthcare burdens for certain seriously ill patients.
The impact of postoperative agitated delirium on dementia in surgical patients
Authors: Sun Mingyang , Chen Wan-Ming , Wu Szu-Yuan , Zhang Jiaqiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the association between postoperative agitated delirium and the risk of dementia in patients who were cognitively intact before undergoing major inpatient surgery. The study included inpatients aged 20 years or older who underwent major surgery requiring general, epidural, or spinal anaesthesia and hospitalization for over one day in Taiwan between 2008 and 2018. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of postoperative agitated delirium. Propensity score matching was conducted to balance various covariates known to influence dementia risk. The final analysis included 10 932 patients (5466 in each group). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the risk of dementia, and incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were calculated. After Propensity score matching, the study cohort comprised 5467 patients without postoperative agitated delirium and 5467 patients with postoperative agitated delirium. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio for dementia were 1.26 (95% confidence intervals, 1.08–1.46; P = 0.003) in the postoperative agitated delirium group compared to the no postoperative agitated delirium group. The incidence rates of dementia was significantly higher in patients with postoperative agitated delirium (97.65 versus 70.85 per 10 000 person-years), with an incidence rate ratio of 1.21 (95% CI: 1.04–1.40). Our study demonstrates a substantial rise in dementia incidence linked to postoperative agitated delirium. These findings stress the need for effective prevention and management strategies. Addressing this issue emerges as a vital clinical approach to reduce subsequent dementia risk, with broad implications for enhancing overall perioperative patient outcomes.
Four-week inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system in spontaneously hypertensive rats results in persistently lower blood pressure with reduced kidney renin and changes in expression of relevant gene networks
Authors: Byars Sean G , Prestes Priscilla R , Suphapimol Varaporn , Takeuchi Fumihiko , De Vries Nathan , Maier Michelle C , Melo Mariana , Balding David , Samani Nilesh , Allen Andrew M , Kato Norihiro , Wilkinson-Berka Jennifer L , Charchar Fadi , Harrap Stephen B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Prevention of human hypertension is an important challenge and has been achieved in experimental models. Brief treatment with renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors permanently reduces the genetic hypertension of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The kidney is involved in this fascinating phenomenon, but relevant changes in gene expression are unknown.

Methods and results
In SHR, we studied the effect of treatment between 10 and 14 weeks of age with the angiotensin receptor blocker, losartan, or the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril [with controls for non-specific effects of lowering blood pressure (BP)], on differential RNA expression, DNA methylation, and renin immunolabelling in the kidney at 20 weeks of age. RNA sequencing revealed a six-fold increase in renin gene (Ren) expression during losartan treatment (P &lt; 0.0001). Six weeks after losartan, arterial pressure remained lower (P = 0.006), yet kidney Ren showed reduced expression by 23% after losartan (P = 0.03) and by 43% after perindopril (P = 1.4 × 10−6) associated with increased DNA methylation (P = 0.04). Immunolabelling confirmed reduced cortical renin after earlier RAS blockade (P = 0.002). RNA sequencing identified differential expression of mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs with evidence of networking and co-regulation. These included 13 candidate genes (Grhl1, Ammecr1l, Hs6st1, Nfil3, Fam221a, Lmo4, Adamts1, Cish, Hif3a, Bcl6, Rad54l2, Adap1, Dok4), the miRNA miR-145-3p, and the lncRNA AC115371. Gene ontogeny analyses revealed that these networks were enriched with genes relevant to BP, RAS, and the kidneys.

Conclusion
Early RAS inhibition in SHR resets genetic pathways and networks resulting in a legacy of reduced Ren expression and BP persisting for a minimum of 6 weeks.
First-in-human left atrial appendage closure using the WATCHMAN FLX Pro device: a case report
Authors: Nielsen-Kudsk Jens Erik , Kramer Anders , Andersen Asger , Kim Won Yong , Korsholm Kasper 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Device-related thrombosis (DRT) is a known complication to left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). The surface of a LAAC device should ideally have antithrombotic properties. The novel WATCHMAN FLX Pro (WFP) incorporates a fluoropolymer-coated fabric membrane designed to increase thromboresistance and facilitate endothelialization. Such features could potentially allow for a minimal post-procedural antithrombotic regimen. Radiopaque platinum markers at the device shoulders and a large 40 mm device are other novel features of the WFP.

Case summary
A 75-year-old man with atrial fibrillation was referred for LAAC due to prior subdural haemorrhage during direct-acting anticoagulation treatment. He underwent the first-in-human WFP implantation as part of the WATCHMAN FLX Pro CT study (NCT05567172). Computed tomography (CT) was used for pre-planning, and the procedure was performed under local analgesia guided by intracardiac echocardiography from the left atrium (LA) without any complications. Post-procedural antithrombotic treatment consisted of acetylsalicylic acid 75 mg/day only, and 45-day CT, transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated optimal device position with complete LAAC. Hypoattenuated thickening (6 mm) appeared on the device as a smooth surface in continuity with the left atrial wall on CT and TEE. A specific magnetic resonance T1-weighted scan, used for visualization of fresh thrombus, suggested this to represent tissue ingrowth rather than thrombus.

Discussion
The advanced follow-up imaging protocol suggested a good WFP implantation result with signs of tissue ingrowth at 45 days. The added radiopaque markers facilitated optimal deployment, evaluation of device stability during tug test, and assessment of device protrusion into the LA.
Implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol for lung volume reduction surgery: an observational cohort study
Authors: Vandervelde Christelle M , Everaerts Stephanie , Weder Walter , Orolé Siebe , Hermans Pieter-Jan , De Leyn Paul , Nafteux Philippe , Decaluwé Herbert , Van Veer Hans , Depypere Lieven , Coppens Steve , Neyrinck Arne P , Bouneb Sofian , De Coster Johan , Coolen Johan , Dooms Christophe , Van Raemdonck Dirk E , Janssens Wim , Ceulemans Laurens J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is an established therapeutic option for advanced emphysema. To improve patients’ safety and reduce complications, an enhanced recovery protocol (ERP) was implemented. This study aims to describe and evaluate the short-term outcome of this ERP.

METHODS
This retrospective single-centre study included all consecutive LVRS patients (1 January 2017 until 15 September 2020). An ERP for LVRS was implemented and stepwise optimised from 1 August 2019, it consisted of changes in pre-, peri- and postoperative care pathways. Patients were compared before and after implementation of ERP. Primary outcome was incidence of postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo), and secondary outcomes included chest tube duration, incidence of prolonged air leak (PAL), length of stay (LOS) and 90-day mortality. Lung function and exercise capacity were evaluated at 3 and 6 months post-LVRS.

RESULTS
Seventy-six LVRS patients were included (pre-ERP: n=41, ERP: n=35). The ERP cohort presented with lower incidence of postoperative complications (42% vs 83%, P=0.0002), shorter chest tube duration (4 vs 12 days, P&lt;0.0001) with a lower incidence of PAL (21% vs 61%, P=0.0005) and shorter LOS (6 vs 14 days, P&lt;0.0001). No in-hospital mortality occurred in the ERP cohort versus 4 pre-ERP. Postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s was higher in the ERP cohort compared to pre-ERP at 3 months (1.35 vs 1.02 l) and at 6 months (1.31 vs 1.01 l).

CONCLUSIONS
Implementation of ERP as part of a comprehensive reconceptualisation towards LVRS, demonstrated fewer postoperative complications, including PAL, resulting in reduced LOS. Improved short-term functional outcomes were observed at 3 and 6 months.
Advancing Aging Research Through a Health Disparities Perspective
Authors: Teruel Camargo Juliana , Smith Jessica T , Rodriquez Erik J , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The proportion of older adults in the United States is growing, and the older adult population is also becoming increasingly diverse. However, there are limited data on the aging process and older adults in underserved populations. Equitable participation in research studies on aging, the research workforce, and the healthcare workforce is critical to improving health outcomes for the entire U.S. population. Health disparities frameworks offer researchers and healthcare professionals the tools to develop and evaluate aging research that addresses all levels of analysis and domains of influence. Although there have been efforts to diversify the healthcare and research workforce, significant disparities in representation remain. In this perspective, we discuss existing aging health disparities, health disparities frameworks to use as tools to better conduct aging research, methods to enhance the proportion of underrepresented populations in aging research, and the current gaps in as well as efforts to enhance the diversity of the healthcare and research workforces.
“Relationships, Very Quickly, Turn to Nothing”: Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Adaptation to Changing Social Lives Among Persons Living With Dementia and Care Partners
Authors: Kotwal Ashwin A , Allison Theresa A , Halim Madina , Garrett Sarah B , Perissinotto Carla M , Ritchie Christine S , Smith Alexander K , Harrison Krista L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Persons with dementia and their care partners have known risks for loneliness and social isolation throughout the disease trajectory, yet little is described about social lives in a population heterogeneous for disease stage, syndrome type, and setting.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of qualitative interviews from multiple studies to triangulate responses from a cohort of persons with dementia (n = 24), and active (n = 33) or bereaved (n = 15) care partners diverse in setting, dementia type and stage, and life experience. Interviews explored challenges related to social lives and were analyzed thematically.

Results
Persons with dementia were on average 80 years old (range: 67–94), 38% female, and 78% diagnosed with Alzheimer’s dementia; care partners were on average 67 years old (range: 40–87) and 69% female. We identified 3 primary themes. First, dyads lost external social networks due to complex factors, including discomfort of surrounding social networks, caregiving responsibilities, and progressive cognitive deficits. Second, care partners described disruptions of meaningful dyadic relationships due to progressive cognitive and functional deficits, leading to loneliness and anticipatory grief. Third, adaptive strategies centered on care partners facilitating shared social activities and programs addressing caregiver burden. An overarching theme of disease–course accumulation of barriers to social interactions and constant adaptations was present in all themes.

Discussion and Implications
Isolation and loneliness are a shared experience and source of distress for persons with dementia and care partners. Results can inform interventions tailored to individual needs and disease stages of dyads that enhance social connectedness.
Psychological Disorders Linked to Osteoporosis Diagnoses in a Population-Based Cohort Study of Middle and Older Age United States Adults
Authors: Godde K , Courtney Margaret Gough , Roberts Josephine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Although it is well established that psychological disorders and osteoporosis risk are linked, how the relationship manifests is not. This study examines depressive symptoms and a history of psychological problems as potential risk factors for osteoporosis diagnosis, adjudicating between 4 theoretical models rarely tested together. We analyze these models across multiple domains (i.e., demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related), while accounting for bone mineral density (BMD) scans, which have been shown to improve health equity across sex and racial/ethnic identities.

Research Design and Methods
Data from the 2012–2016, nationally representative, population-based, cohort Health and Retirement Study (N = 18,224–18,359) were used to estimate 4 logistic regression models with the outcome of osteoporosis diagnosis. Approximately 50% of the sample identified as female and 50% as male, while about 81% identified as White/European American, 11% as Black/African American, and 8% as another race/ethnicity. The key independent variables were depressive symptoms—measured using two common scales—and a history of psychological problems.

Results
A history of psychological problems and one depressive symptoms measure were associated with the odds of osteoporosis diagnosis in the presence of other known risk factors for osteoporosis.

Discussion and Implications
Support for the theoretical models was limited. Evidence suggests possible directionality; a history of psychological distress may be a risk factor for osteoporosis, though we cannot rule out the other direction. Public health professionals and healthcare providers should consider a history of psychological problems as a risk factor for osteoporosis when deciding whether to recommend a BMD scan.
Retrieval and precise phase-velocity estimation of Rayleigh waves by the spatial autocorrelation method between distributed acoustic sensing and seismometer data
Authors: Fukushima Shun , Shinohara Masanao , Nishida Kiwamu , Takeo Akiko , Yamada Tomoaki , Yomogida Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY
In distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), optical fibre is used as sensors, which enables us to observe strain over tens of kilometres at intervals of several metres. S-wave velocity (Vs) structures of shallow sediments of high resolution have been obtained from surface wave dispersion curves by applying seismic interferometry to DAS data both onshore and offshore. However, it is known that there is a disadvantage to DAS seismic interferometry. In addition to Rayleigh waves, Love waves are also included. Consequently, the accuracy of the estimated phase velocities for Rayleigh waves is reduced due to the contamination of Love waves. To address this shortcoming, we suggest a spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method between DAS and the vertical component of seismometer data. The SPAC method is equivalent to seismic interferometry and is useful for obtaining phase-velocity dispersion curves of surface waves from the cross-correlation functions (CCFs) between the records of two receivers. The CCFs obtained from a combination of DAS and vertical seismometer data should contain only Rayleigh waves because Love waves have no vertical component. CCFs between DAS and vertical seismometer data are therefore expected to give more accurate phase velocities of Rayleigh waves than CCFs with DAS data only. In this study, we first formulated analytical expressions of cross-spectra for DAS and three-component seismometer data because seismic observation is generally carried out using a three-component seismometer. A new SPAC method is presented in the form of analytical expressions. We showed that our formulation only includes Rayleigh and not Love waves in the cross-spectra with DAS and the vertical-component seismometer data. We applied our SPAC method to actual DAS and vertical seismometer data recorded on the seafloor. Then, we compared our new SPAC method for DAS and vertical seismometer data with a conventional SPAC method for only DAS data. The results reveal that our new SPAC method can estimate the phase velocities of Rayleigh waves more accurately than the conventional method. In addition, the analytical formulations of the cross-spectrum between DAS and three-component seismometer data, which we obtained in this study, are expected to be useful for the estimation of accurate 3-D structures in the future, although this is not available at the moment due to the lack of an applicable data set.