bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A posteriori error estimation and anisotropy detection with the dual‐weighted residual method
Authors: Richter Thomas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this work we develop a new framework for a posteriori error estimation and detection of anisotropies based on the dual‐weighted residual (DWR) method by Becker and Rannacher. The common approach for anisotropic mesh adaptation is to analyze the Hessian of the solution. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors indicate dominant directions and optimal stretching of elements. However, this approach is firmly linked to energy norm error estimation. Here, we extend the DWR method to anisotropic finite elements allowing for the direct estimation of directional errors with regard to given output functionals. The resulting meshes reflect anisotropic properties of both the solution and the functional. For the optimal measurement of the directional errors, the coarse meshes need some alignment with the dominant anisotropies. Numerical examples will demonstrate the efficiency of this method on various three‐dimensional problems including a well‐known Navier–Stokes benchmark. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tocilizumab — IL‐6 inhibition for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Emery Paul , Siddall Rhonda 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAffecting approximately 400 000 people in England and Wales,1 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) creates a considerable economic burden. NICE estimates that five years after diagnosis, 40% of RA patients will be incapable of work.1 Some treatment options for RA look to control inflammation in order to rein in the disease. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) invokes inflammation via TNF‐α, although the reason for this is unknown. Some researchers are beginning to turn their attention to IL‐6 in their search for novel RA treatments, and believe that drugs inhibiting this inflammatory cytokine could halt disease progression. In this article, we consider tocilizumab, an IL‐6 inhibitor. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prolonged‐release oxycodone/naloxone for chronic pain
Authors: O'Connell Nicola , Simpson Karen H 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChronic pain is common, and opioid therapy is often required for pain management. Unfortunately, opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) is a frequent and debilitating side‐effect of opioid use. A new prolonged‐release (PR) preparation of oxycodone/naloxone has been developed for moderate‐to‐severe pain that reduces OIBD in patients. In this article, we consider the mode of action and efficacy of this combination opioid therapy for chronic pain. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dronedarone: a new option in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Camm A. John , Savelieva Irina 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMany antiarrhythmic agents exploiting new mechanisms of action (as well as modified analogues of traditional antiarrhythmic drugs, with different combinations of ion channel‐ and receptor‐blocking effects and less complicated metabolic profiles) are currently being investigated. Dronedarone is an amiodarone derivative that is devoid of iodine atoms and is believed to have a better safety profile than amiodarone. It is the only antiarrhythmic drug for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) that has been shown to improve survival in high‐risk patients. This review provides a contemporary insight into the clinical development of dronedarone, its efficacy and safety in preventing recurrent AF, and its potential additional advantage of improving outcome in patients with AF. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
T‐cell CD38 expression in B‐chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Abousamra Nashwa Khayrat , EL‐Din Manal Salah , Azmy Emad 
Published: February 2009

AbstractB‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with some patients having an indolent course never needs treatment, while others having rapidly progressive one requires intensive treatment. In recent decades, numerous prognostic markers, such as immunoglobulin variable region heavy‐chain (IgVH) mutational status, ZAP‐70 and the expression of CD38 on leukaemic cells were introduced to screen for patients likely to have progressive course of B‐CLL bearing the potential to facilitate risk‐adapted treatment strategies. In B‐CLL, T cell function is shown to be dysregulated. CD38 has been demonstrated to be an important transmembrane signalling molecule of T cell with a direct effect on its function. The present study was conducted to analyse CD38 expression on T cells by flow cytometry to evaluate its impact on the clinical course of 88 unselected B‐CLL patients and correlate it with other risk factors. CD38 expression level on T cells was shown to predict the clinical course of B‐CLL in male patients but not in female patients. Male patients showed CD38 expression on T cells in a stage‐dependent manner, in contrast to female patients who showed higher expression irrespective to clinical staging. CD38 expression on T cells negatively interacted with treatment‐free survival in male patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that CD38 expression level on T cells is an independent prognostic factor in B‐CLL male patients. Simultaneous evaluation of CD38 expression on both B‐CLL cells and T cells allowed predicting male patient groups with the most favourable prognosis as well as those with the worst. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene expression profiling during rat mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
Authors: Souda Masakazu , Umekita Yoshihisa , Abeyama Kazuhiro , Yoshida Hiroki 
Published: February 2009

Abstract7,12‐Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)‐induced rat mammary carcinoma is a well‐recognized model; however, the genetic alterations during its carcinogenesis have yet to be determined. We used laser capture microdissection to specifically isolate cells from terminal end buds (TEBs), the origin of carcinoma, at 2 weeks after sesame oil treatment (control) or DMBA treatment (DMBA‐TEBs), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive mammary carcinoma (MC). Using an oligonucleotide microarray representing 20,600 rat probe sequences, we analyzed gene expression profiles and validated mRNA and protein levels of genes of interest byreal‐time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. The number of differentially expressed genes dramatically increased from DMBA‐TEBs (63) to DCIS (798) and MC (981). Only the expression of PEP‐19, an anti‐apoptotic gene, showed significant increases in DMBA‐TEBs (4‐fold), DCIS (10‐fold) and MC (16‐fold). MMP‐13 expression was increased markedly in DCIS (19‐fold) and MC (61‐fold) while OPN expression was increased 6‐fold in DCIS and 8‐fold in MC. MMP‐7 expression was increased 4‐fold in MC. Nidogen‐1; a participant in the assembly of basement membranes, TSP‐2; an inhibitor of angiogenesis and COUP‐TFI; a transcription repressor showed significant decreases in DCIS (4‐, 9‐ and 17‐fold, respectively) and MC (10‐, 37‐ and 100‐fold). Network analyses with IPA software revealed that the most significant network included Akt groups in DCIS and ERK groups in MC. The present findings provide us with a better understanding of the molecular alteration that occur during mammary carcinogenesis and suggest the importance of PEP‐19 overexpression in the very early stage of mammary carcinogenesis. © 2009 UICC
Assessing the prudence of economic forecasts in the EU
Authors: Christodoulakis G. A. , Mamatzakis E. C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe estimate the EU Commission loss preferences for major economic forecasts of 12 Member States. Based on a recently proposed method by Elliott, Komunjer and Timmermann (2005) the paper provides evidence of asymmetries in the underlying forecast loss preference of the Commission that tend to vary across Member States. In some cases, our results show that EU forecasts tend to display a rather optimistic picture for main economic variables, e.g. government balance, thus allowing a certain degree of leeway in the fiscal adjustment path towards the medium‐term objective of ‘close to balance’ or ‘in surplus’ of the recently revised Stability and Growth Pact. Over the period of our sample, 1970–2004, this apparent asymmetry in the underlying loss preferences tends to deter prudent advice over economic policy. Lastly, we provide an analysis on the trade‐off between loss and distribution asymmetries, for which simulation results show that the testing method is robust in the presence of skewness. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RedMD—Reduced molecular dynamics package
Authors: Górecki Adam , Szypowski Marcin , Długosz Maciej , Trylska Joanna 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe developed a software package (RedMD) to perform molecular dynamics simulations and normal mode analysis of reduced models of proteins, nucleic acids, and their complexes. With RedMD one can perform molecular dynamics simulations in a microcanonical ensemble, with Berendsen and Langevin thermostats, and with Brownian dynamics. We provide force field and topology generators which are based on the one‐bead per residue/nucleotide elastic network model and its extensions. The user can change the force field parameters with the command line options that are passed to generators. Also, the generators can be modified, for example, to add new potential energy functions. Normal mode analysis tool is available for elastic or anisotropic network models. The program is written in C and C++ languages and the structure/topology of a molecule is based on an XML format. OpenMP technology for shared‐memory architectures was used for code parallelization. The code is distributed under GNU public licence and available at http://bionano.icm.edu.pl/software/. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
H3K9 acetylation and radial chromatin positioning
Authors: Strašák Luděk , Bártová Eva , Harničarová Andrea , Galiová Gabriela , Krejčí Jana , Kozubek Stanislav 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHistone variants and their epigenetic modifications determine genome function, particularly transcription. However, whether regulation of gene expression can be influenced by nuclear organization or vice versa is not completely clear. Here, we analyzed the effect of epigenetic changes induced by a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) on the nuclear radial rearrangement of select genomic regions and chromosomes. The HDACi, sodium butyrate (NaBt), induced differentiation of human adenocarcinoma HT29 cells as well as a genome‐wide increase in H3K9 acetylation. Three‐dimensional analysis of nuclear radial distributions revealed that this increase in H3K9 acetylation was often associated with a repositioning of select loci and chromosomes toward the nuclear center. On the other hand, many centromeres resided sites more toward the nuclear periphery, similar to sites occupied by chromosome X. In more than two‐thirds of events analyzed, central nuclear positioning correlated with a high level of H3K9 acetylation, while more peripheral positioning within interphase nuclei correlated with a lower level of acetylation. This was observed for the gene‐rich chromosomes 17 and 19, TP53, and CCND1 genes as well as for gene‐poor chromosome 18, APC gene, regions of low transcriptional activity (anti‐RIDGEs), and the relatively transcriptionally less active chromosome X. These results are consistent with a role for epigenetic histone modifications in governing the nuclear radial positioning of genomic regions during differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 91–101, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the molecular mechanisms of targeted anti‐caries DNA plasmid enhancing antibody responses by gene arrays
Authors: Xu Qing‐An , Yu Fei , Fan Mingwen , Xing Quan , Liu Gaoxia , Liu Chang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) represents an attractive ligand for use in the targeting of antigens to dendritic cells (DCs). Studies have shown that CTLA4 targeted DNA vaccines induced accelerated and increased antibody responses compared to nontargeted vaccines. However, little is known about the molecular events on DCs after transfection with targeted DNA vaccines.MethodsHere we constructed a green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐labeled targeted anti‐caries plasmid pMGJGLU/GFP and a GFP‐labeled nontargeted anti‐caries plasmid pCDGLU/GFP, compared the antibody responses they induced in mice, and investigated the gene expression profiles of DCs transfected with pMGJGLU/GFP and pCDGLU/GFP by gene array analysis.ResultsThe data obtained showed that pMGJGLU/GFP induced accelerated and increased serum antibody responses in mice compared to pCDGLU/GFP. Overall, the expression levels of 28 genes were up‐regulated in pMGJGLU/GFP transfected DCs compared to pCDGLU/GFP transfected DCs by gene array analysis. Real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis on pMGJGLU/GFP transfected DCs and pCDGLU/GFP transfected DCs confirmed the up‐regulation of the mRNA expression levels of seven selected genes. Notably, we identified the specific up‐regulation of mRNA expression levels of cytokines Ccl17, Ccl19, and antigen presentation receptor Cd209a of pMGJGLU/GFP transfected DCs, suggesting a more rapid migration of DCs to lymph nodes and a T helper 2 biased immune response.ConclusionsIn the present study, we confirmed our previous reports that CTLA4 targeted DNA vaccines could induce increased antibody responses compared to nontargeted vaccines. Ccl17, Ccl19 and Cd209a may play an important role in the enhanced immune responses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of high specific activity tritium labeled 6α,9,‐difluoro‐11β,21‐dihydroxy‐16α,17‐[(1‐methylethylidene)bis(oxy)]pregna‐1,4‐diene‐3,20‐one, fluocinolone acetonide
Authors: Zhong D. , Lewin Anita H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFluocinolone acetonide was tritiated by selective reduction of the 1,2‐double bond of the O‐protected analog under tritium, followed by re‐establishment of the 1,2‐double bond and deprotection. Protection of both hydroxyl functionalities was required. The product was obtained with specific activity 36.8 Ci/mmol. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Turning maneuvers in sharks: Predicting body curvature from axial morphology
Authors: Porter Marianne E. , Roque Cassandra M. , Long John H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGiven the diversity of vertebral morphologies among fishes, it is tempting to propose causal links between axial morphology and body curvature. We propose that shape and size of the vertebrae, intervertebral joints, and the body will more accurately predict differences in body curvature during swimming rather than a single meristic such as total vertebral number alone. We examined the correlation between morphological features and maximum body curvature seen during routine turns in five species of shark: Triakis semifasciata, Heterodontus francisci, Chiloscyllium plagiosum, Chiloscyllium punctatum, and Hemiscyllium ocellatum. We quantified overall body curvature using three different metrics. From a separate group of size‐matched individuals, we measured 16 morphological features from precaudal vertebrae and the body. As predicted, a larger pool of morphological features yielded a more robust prediction of maximal body curvature than vertebral number alone. Stepwise linear regression showed that up to 11 features were significant predictors of the three measures of body curvature, yielding highly significant multiple regressions with r2 values of 0.523, 0.537, and 0.584. The second moment of area of the centrum was always the best predictor, followed by either centrum length or transverse height. Ranking as the fifth most important variable in three different models, the body's total length, fineness ratio, and width were the most important non‐vertebral morphologies. Without considering the effects of muscle activity, these correlations suggest a dominant role for the vertebral column in providing the passive mechanical properties of the body that control, in part, body curvature during swimming. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards the provision of site specific flood warnings using wireless sensor networks
Authors: Smith Paul J. , Hughes Danny , Beven Keith J. , Cross Philip , Tych Wlodek , Coulson Geoff , Blair Gordon 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAn important aspect of flood risk management is the issuing of timely flood alerts. The spatial, as well as temporal, scale of these warnings is important. In many situations efficient risk management may be aided by the provision of local flood predictions at a high spatial resolution. Examples of such situations include issuing warnings for small groups of outlying houses or key infrastructure locations such as power sub‐stations. In this paper a methodology for providing automated, detailed and location specific warnings which are computed ‘on‐site’ is presented. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Development in modeling cyclic loading of sands based on kinematic hardening
Authors: Maleki Mohammad , Cambou Bernard , Dubujet Philppe 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this paper, there is presented an elastoplastic constitutive model to predict sandy soils behavior under monotonic and cyclic loadings. This model is based on an existing model (Cambou‐Jafari‐Sidoroff) that takes into account deviatoric and isotropic mechanisms of plasticity. The flow rule used in the deviatoric mechanism is non‐associated and a mixed hardening law controls the evolution of the yield surface. In this research the critical state surface and history surface, which separates the virgin and cyclic states in stress space, are defined. Kinematic hardening modulus and stress–dilatancy law for monotonic and cyclic loadings are effectively modified. With taking hardening modulus as a function of deviatoric and volumetric plastic strain and with defining the history surface and stress reversal, the model has the ability to predict the sandy soils' behavior. All of the model parameters have clear physical meanings and can be determined from usual laboratory tests. In order to validate the model, the results of homogeneous tests on Hostun and Toyoura sands are used. The results of validation show a good capability of the proposed model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Dynamic Stability for Milling Processes with Varying Workpiece Dynamics
Authors: Henninger Christoph , Eberhard Peter 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDynamic stability of a milling process along of a flexible cantilever beam is investigated. The moving process point and the material removal leads to a significant change of the dynamical behavior and, therefore, to a shift of the stability boundary in the space of technological parameters. Modal reduction is applied to the beam model in order to enable an efficient stability analysis. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A nonlinear model for rotor‐shaft joints of high speed rotor systems with internal damping
Authors: Fischer Jonas , Strackeljan Jens 
Published: February 2009

AbstractViscous internal damping in joints of high speed rotor systems causes instabilities above a certain frequency of revolution. In the majority of cases a nonlinearity adjusts the stability margin towards higher frequencies.In this paper an analytical solution of a nonlinear four degrees of freedom rotor model with internal damping is proposed, which enables to clearly analyse the influence of shaft stiffness, connection stiffness, rotor mass and shaft mass. The steady state solution of the unbalance case and the stability boundaries are deduced analytically. The stabilizing effect of the nonlinearity is shown. The analytical solutions are in good agreement with numerical results obtained by FERAN, a rotor dynamic simulation tool. A model, representing the rotor–shaft connection with an o–ring has been analyzed by a hydro pulse rig. Beneath the linear way, two further approaches to describe the measured hysteresis, a cubic and a bilinear force law are shown in the paper. The different analytical and numerical results for the whole rotor system with these three approaches are compared. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation eines Reibvorgangs an Modellen ohne dissipative Elemente
Authors: Ostermeyer G.‐P. , Meyer‐Heye B. , Müller M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWie in [1] gezeigt, kann die Reibzahl μ grundsätzlich als Reibleistung bezogen auf eine charakteristische Blindleistung N·v interpretiert werden. Auf der Größenskala von Asperiten sind die durch Reibung hervorgerufenen Leistungsströme zweckmäßigerweise durch ein Modell zu beschreiben, welches keine a priori dissipativen Elemente enthält. Der in [1] vorgestellte Ansatz ist in der Lage, einen idealen Coulombschen Reiber wiederzugeben. Die lokale Reibzahl eines Asperiten ist dabei sowohl von der Geometrie in der Kontaktzone als auch von der Elastizität des Untergrundes abhängig. Dieses Modell wurde erweitert, um auch multiple Kontakte und die Kontakthistorie berücksichtigen zu können. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamic properties of an individual wheelset drive of a railway vehicle
Authors: Skála Ondřej , Zeman Vladimír 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSpatial vibrations of an individual wheelset drive supported by rubber silent blocks in a two–axle bogie's frame of a railway vehicle are studied. The method, used for a creation of a mathematical model, is based on a decomposition of the wheelset drive into subsystems — a drive assembled from an engine and a gear transmission, a flexible composite hollow shaft and a flexible wheelset. Subsystems are modeled in local configuration spaces and they are mutually connected by deformable couplings. An adhesive characteristic in a wheel–rail contact is described using the Kalker's theory. The nonlinear mathematical model respects spatial vibrations of the drive's components and the flexible wheelset, a deformable rail ballast and it is used for investigating transient dynamic responses on different types of excitations. Experimentally investigated spatial bogie's frame displacements or displacements derived from a total model of the bogie caused by spatial irregularities of the rail track are main sources of excitations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Avoidance of friction induced vibrations on seals
Authors: Wangenheim Matthias , Kröger Matthias 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn many fields of technical and non–technical applications occur friction induced vibrations. If undesired, which applies to most of these oscillations, different methods exist for their avoidance or at least reduction. A recently investigated method, the systematic treatment of contacting surfaces by different techniques is shown in this work with the example of a pneumatic seal. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vibration using for the longitudinal elasticity modulus determination
Authors: Arghir Mariana , Solea Geamilia , Borza Dan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractLongitudinal elasticity modulus, E, is a material specific feature, which,. in general, is establish on the pieces by longitudinal stress. This procedure is possible to apply to the compact material but not to the sintered power parts (or porous material test pieces). For sintered parts, the establishing of Young's modulus, in this paper, it is proposed by transmition of mechanical vibrations along to the test pieces. The test pieces of compact or porous material were strained at longitudinal vibrations. It was establish the linkage between vibration and density, respective between the density and the value of the longitudinal elasticity modulus. Using the test pieces of compact material we realized the methodology to obtain the longitudinal elasticity modulus regarding the compact material, and in this way can be establish the possibility to measure with a good result the longitudinal elasticity modulus for the pieces of sintered powders or of porous material. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)