bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ecology of the academy
Authors: Abeles Tom P. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe increasing ability to move knowledge across political and geological borders changes the nature and function of a university in much the same way that unique biological niches are changed by the movement, intentional and accidental, of plants, animals and micro‐organisms via improved transportation systems. Knowledge transfer, while often seen as positive, also, as in the bio/physical universe, has negative consequences, including cultural changes, merging or closing institutions with a concomitant loss in intellectual diversity. As with traditional ecologies, little can be done to restore or prevent further cultural integration. How this will affect individual institutions is not clear, nor are the potential response options visible. The purpose of this editorial is to examine this situation.Design/methodology/approachThis editorial points out the changes which are occurring in universities as a consequence of increased mobility of ideas across political and geographically determined borders and across the walls of the Ivory Tower. It raises concerns for the university and seeks to understand what responses might be appropriate.FindingsThis editorial finds that the university, today, is radically altered and most faculty need to step outside of the Ivory Tower and see that it has, indeed, changed.Originality/valueThe editorial speaks to administrators and policy analysts who must make decisions on the potential survival and direction of universities in an increasingly global society.
A right‐of‐way strategy
Authors: Weiner Edie , Brown Arnold 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo show how managing the right‐of‐way asset, a lesson the railroads didn't learn when they gave or bartered it away in the nineteenth century, will be a key to business success in the future.Design/methodology/approachBusinesses large and small, dot.com and brick and mortar, spend years establishing a network of customers, suppliers, creditors, investors, employees, and stakeholders that is, in effect, a right‐of‐way. Unfortunately, few have understood how to capitalize on their right‐of‐way, thus leveraging one of the most currently underutilized assets in the economy.FindingsLearn to imagine the effect of disruptive innovation on an established right‐of‐way and how to discern what capabilities will be needed to take advantage of such potential opportunities. Having invested in building a business or a professional practice or an organization or a network, you have developed associated strategic assets that you need to leverage adequately to provide additional returns.Research limitations/implicationsThis conceptual paper provides historical research only.Practical implicationsFocusing on right‐of‐way enables companies to see and benefit from the potential customer instead of just the “best” customers. This amounts to a key recognition – that managing access to the customers equals managing the right‐of‐way, one of the most valuable assets a business can have in a time of growing competition.Originality/valueTo understand its true value and possibilities you must first escape the mental trap of limiting your asset management to just the business you think you're in. Then a strategy based on creative leveraging is not only possible, it is desirable.
Jigsaw puzzles: fitting together the moral pieces
Authors: Hogan Stephen P. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeFitting ethical responsibilities into day‐to‐day business practice represents a challenge for marketers who have to operate at the customer interface. When young children are the target market the puzzle becomes more complex. Based on a case study of the toy industry, this paper examines the moral issues of “care” and “vulnerability” and evaluates toy company practice.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds upon Ross' proposedprima facieduties of benevolence, fidelity, and nonmaleficence (1938), which it argued are particularly relevant when vulnerable consumers are involved. The supporting fieldwork is based on qualitative interviews with senior managers in 12 leading UK‐based toy companies and compares the findings with other documentary evidence.FindingsEvidence of some ethical responsible practice was discovered although this appeared to be primarily driven by external forces rather than company philanthropy. Although the companies argued that targeting children directly is supported by their human rights, this practice will always attract criticism on moral grounds because of children's widely accepted vulnerability. The study identifies a paradox that it is parents who fund most toy purchases but are often overlooked in the marketing process who are vulnerable as well as their children.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the limited literature on ethical issues in marketing to children and provides empirical evidence from an important children's market. The paper seeks to provide a balanced account of where the toy companies are adopting a responsible approach and where they still need to improve their moral credentials.
Emotions and team projects and processes
Authors: Peslak Alan R. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo explore the relationships between emotions and overall team processes and task performance.Design/methodology/approachThe work begins with a literature review of the major studies performed on emotions and their affects on teams. This study then specifically surveys a group of information technology student teams at various stages of a term‐long project to determine their level of feelings in 15 separate emotions at each stage. Also measured are effects of emotions on attitudes towards team processes. Regression analysis was used to measure the significance of several hypotheses.FindingsOverall findings specifically measured the five hypotheses. It was found that team emotions at the start of the project are more positive than negative. Negative emotions grow more than positive over the life of the project. Emotions show increased intensity over the life of the project. Initial emotions did not significantly affect overall team processes. Final emotions somewhat affected overall team processes.Research limitations/applicationsThe small sample size does limit generalizations but the work can serve as a framework for more extensive and industry situated studies.Practical implicationsThe work suggests issues related to the impact and evolution of emotions on team projects. Practitioners can begin to focus on efforts that can improve emotions and potentially overall team success.Originality/valueThere is little work done on the evolution of emotions and their effects on team processes. The paper begins the dialogue on an important aspect of team dynamics.
Psychological diversity and team interaction processes
Authors: Olukayode Afolabi A. , Osayawe Ehigie Benjamin 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo examine how psychological diversity among work team members affects team interaction processes. Psychological diversity is described in terms of personality attributes (emotional stability, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and agreeableness), need for achievement (nAch), and emotional intelligence. Team interaction processes include workload sharing, team communication, member flexibility, social cohesion, team viability.Design/methodology/approachA survey research was conducted that involved 1,421 oil‐drilling workers in 54 work teams. The participants were drawn from five major oil drilling companies in Nigeria. Standardized measures were used to collect data on each of the variables examined.FindingsIt was found that each of the measures of team interaction processes is predicted by different psychological diversity measures. However, emotional stability, extraversion, agreeableness and emotional intelligence are significant in predicting overall team interaction processes.Research limitations/implicationsThe psychological diversity measures examined are not exhaustive. It is also not clear the extent to which the findings can be generalized to other work settings that are different from oil‐drilling companies.Practical implicationsHuman resources management in organizations that work in teams needs to include in their selection programs, psychological measures for identifying applicants who possess requisite psychological features for team work.Originality/valueStudy of the efficacy of psychological variables in enhancing work teams in oil drilling firms in Nigeria.
Fuzzy set‐valued and grey filtering statistical inferences on a system operating data
Authors: Guo Renkuan , Love Ernie 
Published: January 2007

PurposeIntends to address a fundamental problem in maintenance engineering: how should the shutdown of a production system be scheduled? In this regard, intends to investigate a way to predict the next system failure time based on the system historical performances.Design/methodology/approachGM(1,1) model from the grey system theory and the fuzzy set statistics methodologies are used.FindingsIt was found out that the system next unexpected failure time can be predicted by grey system theory model as well as fuzzy set statistics methodology. Particularly, the grey modelling is more direct and less complicated in mathematical treatments.Research implicationsMany maintenance models have developed but most of them are seeking optimality from the viewpoint of probabilistic theory. A new filtering theory based on grey system theory is introduced so that any actual system functioning (failure) time can be effectively partitioned into system characteristic functioning times and repair improvement (damage) times.Practical implicationsIn today's highly competitive business world, the effectively address the production system's next failure time can guarantee the quality of the product and safely secure the delivery of product in schedule under contract. The grey filters have effectively addressed the next system failure time which is a function of chronological time of the production system, the system behaviour of near future is clearly shown so that management could utilize this state information for production and maintenance planning.Originality/valueProvides a viewpoint on system failure‐repair predictions.
Circular hole recognition for STL‐based toolpath generation
Authors: Qu Xiuzhi , Stucker Brent 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper presents a unique method to recognize circular holes from 3D models in the STL format. The topological information generated by this method enables identification of holes and tool path generation for holes which should be drilled rather than milled.Design/methodology/approachA method based on a set of developed algorithms is used to identify closed loops from a STL model, identify which closed loops correspond to cylindrical holes, find hole orientations, locations and diameters, and calculate the depth for the recognized holes. The developed procedure and algorithms have been implemented in Visual C++ to illustrate the efficacy of the method.FindingsThe implementation results showed that the developed algorithms can successfully recognize circular holes of differing sizes on both simple and complex surfaces, and in any orientation. Tool paths can thus be generated from STL models to more efficiently and accurately machine circular holes.Research limitations/implicationsThe developed method requires that at least one simple closed loop exist for each potential hole.Originality/valueA new and unique hole recognition method for use with STL models was developed. This method is useful for accurately and efficiently machining parts with circular holes from STL models as well as finish machining near‐net shape parts with circular holes created using rapid prototyping.
Cultures, organizations and philanthropy
Authors: Genest Christina M. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to examine the influence of corporate culture on the practice of corporate philanthropy in a global environment.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses content analysis of corporate texts and media; interviews with global philanthropy practitioners.FindingsThe paper finds that: corporate philanthropy is a reflector of corporate values; global corporate philanthropists have a history of commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities; global companies practice international philanthropy; program delivery differs as a reflection of corporate history, values, mission, and business drivers; global corporations utilize CSR to gain and maintain their “license to operate”; and corporate cultural learning is pursued as an explicit activity; cross‐cultural learning is generally perceived as an implicit outcome. CSR shares values, opportunity for integrated cultural learning.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is not generalizable. Its findings could be explored by surveying a larger purposive sample.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of this research are the sharing of corporate values and the inclusion of cultural learning through the integration of CSR activities, including philanthropy.Originality/valueThe study found corporate opportunities for cultural learning valuable to the development of the global corporation as global corporate citizen, a prerequisite to the effective practice of philanthropy and for doing business globally.
Seeing eye to eye
Authors: Fagenson‐Eland Ellen A. , Gayle Baugh S. , Lankau Melenie J. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo examine the influence of demographic differences on congruence of mentors' and protégés' perceptions of developmental support and frequency of communication.Design/methodology/approachData on demographics (organizational tenure, age, gender, and educational level), mentoring functions, and frequency of communication were collected from both the mentor and protégé in 27 mentoring dyads from two medium‐sized high technology companies. Correlation and pattern analysis were used to analyze the data.FindingsResults indicated significant congruence between mentor and protégé perceptions of developmental mentoring and frequency of communication. Differences between the mentor and protégé on organizational tenure and age reduced congruence of perceptions, whereas differences with respect to gender and education did not.Research limitations/implicationsThe small sample size limits the statistical power of the analysis and the inclusion of high technology companies limits generalizability.Practical implicationsWhile mentors and protégés generally view aspects of their relationship in a congruent manner, large discrepancies in age or tenure in the organization may lead to disagreement about the nature of the relationship. This information should be considered in developing formal mentoring programs.Originality/valueThis research is one of only a few studies that use the mentoring dyad as the unit of analysis. Unlike others, this study focuses on how the participants view the mentoring relationship itself.
Global mentoring as a means of career development and knowledge creation
Authors: Crocitto Madeline M. , Sullivan Sherry E. , Carraher Shawn M. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis article aims to examine the process of mentoring and career development within the global arena. Although much has been written on the adjustment of expatriates, relatively little research has examined the exchange of information and knowledge among workers in different countries via the mentoring process.Design/methodology/approachA model is offered of how an expatriate progresses through learning cycles aided by multiple mentors. Multiple mentoring contributes to the individual's career development and facilitates the development of organizational tacit and embedded knowledge.FindingsUsing Hall and Chandler's conceptualization of multiple learning cycles over the life span, it is proposed that the expatriate cycles through a learning cycle over the course of an extended assignment. These learning cycles are shorter than the traditional career stages, often lasting two to four years – similar to the length of an expatriate assignment. It is suggested that the stages of an expatriate assignment – predeparture, on‐site and repatriation – represent a learning cycle. A successful expatriate experience is more likely to occur if multiple mentors in various locations are available – as needed – to offer information and career support to the expatriate.Originality/valueWith increasing globalization and rapid technological advances, mentoring relationships that cross national and other types of boundaries have increased, yet theory has not kept pace. A framework is provided for the further examination of expatriate careers and how mentoring can increase career outcomes and knowledge transfer.
Departmental and citizen complaints as predictors of police coercion
Authors: McCluskey John D. , Terrill William 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine a variety of measures of complaints and their relationship to police officers' use of coercion in encounters with suspects.Design/methodology/approachData from the Project on Policing Neighborhoods, involving the systematic social observation of police, were combined with complaint data from the St Petersburg Police Department to examine the influence of complaints on use of coercion in everyday encounters. Hierarchical models, which included theoretically relevant control variables, were used to test multiple measures of departmental and citizen complaints as predictors of officers' use of coercion.FindingsThe analyses indicate that, net of other important predictors, officer complaint rate for force and verbal discourtesy is associated with higher levels of coercion in encounters with suspects. The analyses also indicate that officers' verbal discourtesy complaint rate is associated with higher levels of coercion, but complaint rates for physical force are not related to higher levels of coercion.Research limitations/implicationsThe current results do not necessarily generalize to all police departments, since the department, at that time, was a leader in community policing.Practical implicationsThe influence of complaints for force and discourtesy on coercion suggests that police departments could benefit from greater attention toward officers who generate complaints for discourtesy from the public.Originality/valueThis paper examines the utility of official complaint data as a determinant of officers' coercive behavior in encounters with suspects. The research would be of interest to police executives concerned with creating “early warning systems” as well as police scholars concerned with the determinants of officer coercion.
Political culture, hegemony, and inequality before the law: law enforcement in Pakistan
Authors: Mohammad Fida , Conway Paul 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe paper seeks to document attitudes and patterns of behavior in Pakistan's criminal justice system over the past 30 years.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual discussion and approach are taken following extensive interviews, conducted in 1992‐1993, with members of the police, judges, civil service bureaucrats, torture victims, psychiatrists, political detainees, criminal lawyers and others.FindingsThe patterns of behavior are longstanding and deeply rooted despite periodical changes in political leadership. Cynicism about law enforcement is widespread throughout the country and much crime goes unreported as a result. There is a lack of faith and support for police officials and legal safeguards for criminal suspects are often ignored.Originality/valueThe conditions in Pakistan's criminal justice system are explained theoretically with reference to the concept of hegemony in Pakistan's prevailing political culture.
The importance of a new philosophy to the post modern policing environment
Authors: Clark Mark 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo provide a concept for a different policing organizational model, founded upon democratic policing principles and a victim‐centered philosophy, which may be more useful for a postmodernist society.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents an alternative model of policing; based upon a literature review of authoritative material concerning the postmodernist environment, the historical background of policing, police organizational research, and the philosophy of victim‐centered policing.FindingsThe paper presents a literature review, which identifies that the bureaucratic model of policing may no longer be functional for policing post‐modern society and inconsistent with modern governance principles. A more democratic heteronomous model of policing, where management determines the broad philosophical principles and co‐ordination of tasks while the policing practitioner makes localized decisions, may improve organizational effectiveness. A philosophy of victim‐centered policing may assist in achieving a policing legitimacy and the development of a new administrative approach. An existing model of this new approach may be found in the community beat officer, which is currently operating in many jurisdictions.Practical implicationsThe implementation of the principles espoused in this paper may improve the policing legitimacy in heavily fragmented societies, reduce deviant behavior by police officers while increasing job satisfaction, support restorative justice issues for victims, and assist the maintenance of public order.Originality/valueThe paper may be of value of policy‐makers, police administrators, police union officials, anti‐corruption units, and criminal justice academics/practitioners.
Effects of community policing upon fear of crime
Authors: Roh Sunghoon , Oliver Willard M. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo identify intervening factors between perceptions of community policing and reduction of crime fear among citizen, which can provide a better understanding of the causal linkage between these two variables.Design/methodology/approachThe present study employs the research data from the 1998 study “Criminal Victimization and Perception of Community Safety in 12 United States Cities,” which was conducted as a supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). This study used only the personal data, which included information on respondents' demographic characteristics, personal crime and victimization experiences, perceptions of neighborhood crime, and experience and satisfaction with local police.FindingsThe finding reveals that while vulnerability variables (indirect victimization model) do not affect the relationship between community policing and fear of crime, the perception of incivilities (perceived disorder model) and the dissatisfaction with life‐quality (community concern model) in the neighborhood intervene between community policing and fear of crime.Originality/valueDespite the abundant research in the area of community policing, less attention has been paid to the causal process between community policing activities and its presumed effect, reduction of crime fear in communities. This study helps us to understand how fear of crime is reduced by the implementation of community policing.