bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential survival of allosperm by location within the female storage organ of the snail Cornu aspersum
Authors: Chase Ronald , Darbyson Emily 
Published: November 2008

The sperm storage organ of terrestrial gastropod molluscs is implicated in sexual selection because it has a complex structure and it functions in a context of intense sperm competition. Received sperm are stored in spermathecal tubules. In our sample using the brown garden snail ( Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774)) (n = 58), the mean number of tubules per animal was 16, with lengths ranging from ≤40 to 2480 μm. A hereditary influence on tubule number was indicated by clutch-dependent variations. From histological sections, we counted the spermatozoa that were present in the tubules of ex-virgin snails 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after mating (n = 40). Sperm were distributed, on average, across 75% of the tubules in individual snails, thus contradicting one proposed mechanism for cryptic female choice. The total number of sperm declined 66% over 8 weeks, with the largest losses incurred by sperm in the lumens of the tubules and sperm gathered in clusters. By contrast, in the same period, the numbers of sperm that were in contact with the walls of the tubules remained relatively stable. These data imply that sperm survive best when attached to the epithelial wall, either because they derive nutrition from the epithelium or because they use the epithelium as an anchor.
The Musical Experience through the Lens of Embodiment
Authors: Corness Greg 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT
The author addresses the impression that digital media is diminishing the engagement of the body in our musical experience. Combining theories from the disciplines of philosophy and psychology, he constructs a framework for examining the experience of listening to music. A link between research in mirror neurons and the act of perception, as described by Merleau-Ponty, is used to demonstrate the role of embodiment in the listening experience. While acknowledging that hearing and viewing a musical performance do not provide the same musical experience, he aims to demonstrate how our embodied existence ensures the body's engagement in any musical experience.
Phorbol ester–induced PKCϵ down-modulation sensitizes AML cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and cell differentiation
Authors: Gobbi Giuliana , Mirandola Prisco , Carubbi Cecilia , Micheloni Cristina , Malinverno Chiara , Lunghi Paolo , Bonati Antonio , Vitale Marco 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDespite the relevant therapeutic progresses made in these last 2 decades, the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains poor. Phorbol esters are used at very low concentrations as differentiating agents in the therapy of myeloid leukemias. Tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), in turn, is a death ligand that spares normal cells and is therefore currently under clinical trials for cancer therapy. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that TRAIL is also involved in nonapoptotic functions, like cell differentiation. PKCϵ is differentially modulated along normal hematopoiesis, and its levels modulate the response of hematopoietic precursors to TRAIL. Here, we investigated the effects of the combination of phorbol esters (phorbol ester 4-β-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate [PDBu]) and TRAIL in the survival/differentiation of AML cells. We demonstrate here that PDBu sensitizes primary AML cells to both the apoptogenic and the differentiative effects of TRAIL via PKCϵ down-modulation, without affecting TRAIL receptor surface expression. We believe that the use of TRAIL in combination with phorbol esters (or possibly more specific PKCϵ down-modulators) might represent a significative improvement of our therapeutic arsenal against AML.
Group I introns and associated homing endonuclease genes reveals a clinal structure for Porphyra spiralis var. amplifolia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) along the Eastern coast of South America
Authors: Milstein Daniela , Oliveira Mariana C , Martins Felipe M , Matioli Sergio R 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
Group I introns are found in the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) of some species of the genus Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). Size polymorphisms in group I introns has been interpreted as the result of the degeneration of homing endonuclease genes (HEG) inserted in peripheral loops of intron paired elements. In this study, intron size polymorphisms were characterized for different Porphyra spiralis var. amplifolia (PSA) populations on the Southern Brazilian coast, and were used to infer genetic relationships and genetic structure of these PSA populations, in addition to cox2-3 and rbcL-S regions. Introns of different sizes were tested qualitatively for in vitro self-splicing.

Results
Five intron size polymorphisms within 17 haplotypes were obtained from 80 individuals representing eight localities along the distribution of PSA in the Eastern coast of South America. In order to infer genetic structure and genetic relationships of PSA, these polymorphisms and haplotypes were used as markers for pairwise Fst analyses, Mantel's test and median joining network. The five cox2-3 haplotypes and the unique rbcL-S haplotype were used as markers for summary statistics, neutrality tests Tajima's D and Fu's Fs and for median joining network analyses. An event of demographic expansion from a population with low effective number, followed by a pattern of isolation by distance was obtained for PSA populations with the three analyses. In vitro experiments have shown that introns of different lengths were able to self-splice from pre-RNA transcripts.

Conclusion
The findings indicated that degenerated HEGs are reminiscent of the presence of a full-length and functional HEG, once fixed for PSA populations. The cline of HEG degeneration determined the pattern of isolation by distance. Analyses with the other markers indicated an event of demographic expansion from a population with low effective number. The different degrees of degeneration of the HEG do not refrain intron self-splicing. To our knowledge, this was the first study to address intraspecific evolutionary history of a nuclear group I intron; to use nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA for population level analyses of Porphyra; and intron size polymorphism as a marker for population genetics.
The transcriptomic signature of fasting murine liver
Authors: Sokolović Milka , Sokolović Aleksandar , Wehkamp Diederik , van Themaat Emiel Ver Loren , de Waart Dirk R , Gilhuijs-Pederson Lisa A , Nikolsky Yuri , van Kampen Antoine HC , Hakvoort Theodorus BM , Lamers Wouter H 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
The contribution of individual organs to the whole-body adaptive response to fasting has not been established. Hence, gene-expression profiling, pathway, network and gene-set enrichment analysis and immunohistochemistry were carried out on mouse liver after 0, 12, 24 and 72 hours of fasting.

Results
Liver wet weight had declined ~44, ~5, ~11 and ~10% per day after 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of fasting, respectively. Liver structure and metabolic zonation were preserved. Supervised hierarchical clustering showed separation between the fed, 12–24 h-fasted and 72 h-fasted conditions. Expression profiling and pathway analysis revealed that genes involved in amino-acid, lipid, carbohydrate and energy metabolism responded most significantly to fasting, that the response peaked at 24 hours, and had largely abated by 72 hours. The strong induction of the urea cycle, in combination with increased expression of enzymes of the tricarboxylic-acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, indicated a strong stimulation of amino-acid oxidation peaking at 24 hours. At this time point, fatty-acid oxidation and ketone-body formation were also induced. The induction of genes involved in the unfolded-protein response underscored the cell stress due to enhanced energy metabolism. The continuous high expression of enzymes of the urea cycle, malate-aspartate shuttle, and the gluconeogenic enzyme Pepck and the re-appearance of glycogen in the pericentral hepatocytes indicate that amino-acid oxidation yields to glucose and glycogen synthesis during prolonged fasting.

Conclusion
The changes in liver gene expression during fasting indicate that, in the mouse, energy production predominates during early fasting and that glucose production and glycogen synthesis become predominant during prolonged fasting.
Fatal congenital Chagas' disease in a non-endemic area: a case report
Authors: Flores-Chávez María , Faez Yamile , Olalla José M , Cruz Israel , Gárate Teresa , Rodríguez Mercedes , Blanc Pilar , Cañavate Carmen 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The early diagnosis of congenital Chagas' disease is very important if infected newborns, whether symptomatic or not, are to receive adequate treatment. This paper describes the complications arising in the diagnosis of a newborn with fatal congenital Chagas' disease in Spain, a non-endemic area where visceral leishmaniasis is present.
Arthritogenic T cell epitope in glucose-6-phosphate isomerase-induced arthritis
Authors: Iwanami Keiichi , Matsumoto Isao , Tanaka Yoko , Inoue Asuka , Goto Daisuke , Ito Satoshi , Tsutsumi Akito , Sumida Takayuki 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Arthritis induced by immunisation with glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) in DBA/1 mice was proven to be T helper (Th) 17 dependent. We undertook this study to identify GPI-specific T cell epitopes in DBA/1 mice (H-2q) and investigate the mechanisms of arthritis generation.

Methods
For epitope mapping, the binding motif of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (I-Aq) from DBA/1 mice was identified from the amino acid sequence of T cell epitopes and candidate peptides of T cell epitopes in GPI-induced arthritis were synthesised. Human GPI-primed CD4+ T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were co-cultured with each synthetic peptide and the cytokine production was measured by ELISA to identify the major epitopes. Synthetic peptides were immunised in DBA/1 mice to investigate whether arthritis could be induced by peptides. After immunisation with the major epitope, anti-interleukin (IL) 17 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was injected to monitor arthritis score. To investigate the mechanisms of arthritis induced by a major epitope, cross-reactivity to mouse GPI peptide was analysed by flow cytometry and anti-GPI antibodies were measured by ELISA. Deposition of anti-GPI antibodies on the cartilage surface was detected by immunohistology.

Results
We selected 32 types of peptides as core sequences from the human GPI 558 amino acid sequence, which binds the binding motif, and synthesised 25 kinds of 20-mer peptides for screening, each containing the core sequence at its centre. By epitope mapping, human GPI325–339 was found to induce interferon (IFN) γ and IL-17 production most prominently. Immunisation with human GPI325–339 could induce polyarthritis similar to arthritis induced by human GPI protein, and administration of anti-IL-17 mAb significantly ameliorated arthritis (p < 0.01). Th17 cells primed with human GPI325–339 cross-reacted with mouse GPI325–339, and led B cells to produce anti-mouse GPI antibodies, which were deposited on cartilage surface.

Conclusions
Human GPI325–339 was identified as a major epitope in GPI-induced arthritis, and proved to have the potential to induce polyarthritis. Understanding the pathological mechanism of arthritis induced by an immune reaction to a single short peptide could help elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of autoimmune arthritis.
Strain-Specific Differences in the Mechanisms of Progesterone Regulation of Murine Mammary Gland Development
Authors: Aupperlee Mark D. , Drolet Alexis A. , Durairaj Srinivasan , Wang Weizhong , Schwartz Richard C. , Haslam Sandra Z. 
Published: November 2008

Progesterone (P) is required for normal mammary gland development, and is implicated in the etiology of mammary cancer in rodents and humans. We analyzed mammary gland developmental responses to P and estrogen (E) in two strains of mice (BALB/c and C57BL/6) that exhibit differences in ductal development at sexual maturity and alveologenesis during pregnancy. C57BL/6 mice exhibited reduced proliferative and morphological responses to P. Analysis of known mediators of sidebranching and alveologenesis revealed that reduced P-induced expression of P receptor isoform B and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), as well as altered expression and regulation of cyclin D1, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β, and the downstream effectors of RANKL, nuclear Id2 and p21, contribute significantly to the reduced P responsiveness of the C57BL/6 mammary gland. In contrast, E responsiveness was greater in C57BL/6 than in BALB/c glands. E may play a compensatory role in C57BL/6 alveologenesis through its effect on the induction and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a, a known regulator of RANKL. These observations suggest that in human populations with heterogeneous genetic backgrounds, individuals may respond differentially to the same hormone. Thus, genetic diversity may have a role in determining the effects of P in normal mammary development and tumorigenesis.Reduced progesterone-induced expression of progesterone receptor and RANKL, altered expression and regulation of C/EBPβ, and of the downstream effectors of RANKL, nuclear Id2 and p21, contribute significantly to the reduced progesterone-responsiveness of the C57BL/6 mammary gland compared to the BALB/c gland.
Gliotypic Neural Stem Cells Transiently Adopt Tumorigenic Properties During Normal Differentiation
Authors: Walton Noah M. , Snyder Gregory E. , Park Donghyun , Kobeissy Firas , Scheffler Bjorn , Steindler Dennis A. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests that astrocytic gliomas of the central nervous system may be derived from gliotypic neural stem cells. To date, the study of these tumors, particularly the identification of originating cellular population(s), has been frustrated by technical difficulties in accessing the native niche of stem cells. To identify any hallmark signs of cancer in neural stem cells or their progeny, we cultured subventricular zone-derived tissue in a unique in vitro model that temporally and phenotypically recapitulates adult neurogenesis. Contrary to some reports, we found undifferentiated neural stem cells possess few characteristics, suggesting prototumorigenic potential. However, when induced to differentiate, neural stem cells give rise to intermediate progenitors that transiently exhibit multiple glioma characteristics, including aneuploidy, loss of growth-contact inhibition, alterations in cell cycle, and growth factor insensitivity. Further examination of progenitor populations revealed a subset of cells defined by the aberrant expression of (the pathological glioma marker) class III β-tubulin that exhibit intrinsic parental properties of gliomas, including multilineage differentiation and continued proliferation in the absence of a complex cellular regulatory environment. As tumorigenic characteristics in progenitor cells normally disappear with the generation of mature progeny, this suggests that developmentally intermediate progenitor cells, rather than neural stem cells, may be the origin of so-called “stem cell-derived” tumors.
Effect of Surface Treatments and Aging in Water on Bond Strength to Zirconia
Authors: Lindgren J. , Smeds J. , Sjögren G. 
Published: November 2008

Clinical Relevance
Air abrasion and pretreatment with a metal primer seem to be an appropriate method for improving the bond strength of RelyX Unicem resin composite cement to hot isostatic pressed yttrium-oxide partially stabilized zirconia.
Representation, inference, and transcendent encoding in neurocognitive networks of the human brain
Authors: Mesulam Marsel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe anatomical basis of conscious experience has traditionally been linked to sensory‐fugal (inward) pathways that convey sensory information to progressively “higher” association cortices. Current thinking is emphasizing the importance of sensory‐petal pathways that run in the opposite (outward) direction. According to emerging views, many aspects of cognition may represent an iterative neural dialogue between sensory‐fugal connections, which reflect the physical nature of ambient events, and sensory‐petal connections, which infer the nature of the stimulus based on empirical accounts of past experience. These reciprocal pathways, embedded within the internally generated oscillations of the brain, are further modulated by top‐down projections from high‐order association cortices, most prominently located in prefrontal cortex. This set of top‐down projections has the capacity to transcend experience‐based representations and to insert internally generated priorities into the interpretation of ongoing events. The characteristically human capacity for resisting stimulus‐bound responses and favoring novel interpretations may be linked to the influence of these top‐down projections. The reciprocal sensory‐processing pathways and their top‐down modulations collectively define the conscious interpretation of experience. Ann Neurol 2008;64:367–378
Arterial complications associated with cardiac catheterization in pediatric patients with a previous history of kawasaki disease
Authors: Gurofsky Rebecca C. , Sabharwal Tarun , Manlhiot Cedric , Redington Andrew N. , Benson Lee N. , Chahal Nita , McCrindle Brian W. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectives: To determine whether patients with Kawasaki Disease (KD) undergoing percutaneous catheter angiography were at increased risk of arterial complications at the point of arterial access compared to patients with structural heart abnormalities, but normal vessels. Background: Systemic arterial damage can occur as a result of KD. Methods: Medical histories of all patients with KD undergoing percutaneous catheter angiography at The Hospital for Sick Children between January 1990 and August 2008 were reviewed. Results: A total of 44 patients with KD underwent 82 catheter procedures. Of these, 3 were associated with important arterial complications (2 males; age: 4 months, 3 and 17 years). All patients who experienced complications had multiple large and/or giant coronary artery aneurysms and two were within 3 months of the acute phase of KD. All patients developed pseudoaneurysms of the femoral artery which had been utilized for catheter access. All pseudoaneurysms were treated with ultrasound‐guided thrombin injection and compression, and resolved with no long‐term complications. One patient also developed a substantial arteriovenous fistula of the femoral circulation which had to be surgically repaired with no permanent sequela. Odds for arterial complications in patients with KD were 10.4 times greater (95%CI: 3.2–33.8) than that noted for the general pediatric cardiac catheterization population (3.6% vs. 0.4%, P < 0.0001) which indicates higher risk associated with arterial access in patients with KD. Conclusions: Greater care in obtaining arterial access for angiography is warranted, especially in the first month directly following the acute phase, possibly related to systemic arterial damage associated with KD. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of Highly Luminescent InP Nanocrystals by a Solvothermal Route.
Authors: Li Chunliang , Ando Masanori , Murase Norio 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Commensurate Polymorph of Ln4AlCu2B9O23 (Ln: Lu, Ho) and Refinement of Cu2Al6B4O17.
Authors: Plachinda P. A. , Belokoneva E. L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ag9I3(SeO4)2 (IO3)2 — Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Ionic Conductivity.
Authors: Pitzschke Dragan , Curda Jan , Cakmak Gueliz , Jansen Martin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Green Tetrahydropyranylation and Deprotection of Alcohols and Phenols by Using Activated Carbon Supported Sulfuric Acid.
Authors: Yang Jin Hui , Zhang Xuan , Liu Wan Yi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc(0)/Dimethylformamide‐Mediated Synthesis of Symmetrical Carboxylic Anhydrides from Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Serieys Audrey , Botuha Candice , Chemla Fabrice , Ferreira Franck , Perez‐Luna Alejandro 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfur Ylides. Part 15. Intramolecular Cyclization of New Keto‐Stabilized Sulfur Bis‐ylide.
Authors: Galin F. Z. , Sakhautdinov I. M. , Khalikov I. G. , Lakeev S. N. , Maidanova I. O. , Fatykhov A. A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of Alkyl and Aryl Indium Reagents with CO under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Zhao Yingsheng , Jin Liqun , Li Peng , Lei Aiwen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction in Post‐Prandial Hyperglycemic Excursion Through α‐Glucosidase Inhibition by β‐Acetamido Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Tiwari Ashok K. , Kumbhare Ravindra M. , Agawane Sachin B. , Ali Amtul Z. , Kumar K. Vijay 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7a‐Substituted Hajos—Wiechert Ketone Analogues.
Authors: Kennedy Jason W. J. , Vietrich Sophia , Weinmann Hilmar , Brittain Dominic E. A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.