bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental determination of laws of color harmony. Part 2: Harmony content of different monochrome color pairs
Authors: Nemcsics Antal 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn 1956, we came to the decision at the Budapest Technical University to start large scale experiments on color harmony. The experiments and the processing of the experimental results have been completed in 2006, after 50 years of research work. The focal point of the experiments published in the current article has been the practical experience that the span of intervals between saturations and brightnesses of the compositions influence the harmony content of the composition, namely they determine in what extent we perceive the color composition as a harmonic one. Within the framework of experiments compositions have been shown to the participants, first those consisting of color pairs featuring the same hues and saturations but different brightnesses then those consisting of the same hues and brightnesses but different saturations. The method of experiments consisted of comparisons in pairs. There were 780 compositions prepared for the tests. The number of elementary observations during the tests comprised 544 000. It has been established that the variation of harmony content as a function of brightness‐ and saturation‐intervals could be described by a harmony function. It has been established that the variation of harmony content depending on brightness‐intervals is not, but that of depending on saturation intervals is being influenced by the hues of colors of the color pair in the composition. It has been established that in case of compositions with the maximum harmony content the interval of brightnesses of the colors making the color pair in each case gives d30V (d9Y), the interval of saturations gives d30T or is near to it. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 262–270, 2008.
The total colorant sensitivity of a color matching recipe: An approach to colorant weighting and tinctorial strength errors
Authors: Peyvandi Shahram , Amirshahi Seyed Hossein , Sluban Boris 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe repeatability of the recipe color can be affected by several different types of inevitable inaccuracies in the coloration process. Two of the major causes of poor target‐color reproducibility are the (random) weighing and (proportional) strength errors. This article describes alternative definitions of colorant strength sensitivity and total colorant sensitivity of a dyeing recipe. The influences of the maximal colorant weighing and strength errors are taken into account in order to bring the magnitudes of the two treated types of sensitivity into a mutually realistic balance between each other. The quantifications of precision and accuracy of a color matching recipe are also developed and combined into a single‐number measure of recipe quality. The listed quantities are expected to be useful in selecting the most reliable one(s) among the different formulations for the same standard color. The methods are presented for calculating numerical estimates of the newly introduced quantities. The precision and accuracy of the coloration process are investigated in laboratory experiments involving repeated dyeings. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 300–306, 2008.
Grassmann's laws and individual color‐matching functions for non‐spectral primaries evaluated by maximum saturation technique in foveal vision
Authors: Oleari Claudio , Pavesi Maura 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOver time, much work has been carried out to ascertain the validity of Grassmann's laws, Abney's law, CIE standard color‐matching functions and, up to now, no definitive answer has been given. Some of the phenomena subject of this debate are considered. An apparatus for color matching in 1.8° visual field has been realized with two sets of primary lights with broad spectral bands. This kind of primaries is the great difference with respect to other laboratories because it allows an indirect check of the Grassmann additivity law on the basis of the spectra and individual color‐matching functions by evaluating: (1) the tristimulus values of the primary lights; (2) the transformation matrices between the two reference frames defined by the two primary sets; and (3) the tristimulus values associated to all the pairs of matching lights in the bipartite field produced in the evaluation of the two sets of color‐matching function. The discrepancies of the data resulting in the check (1) and (2) are all compatible with the range defined by the uncertainty propagation of the individual color‐matching functions. In the check (3) fifteen tristimulus values over 18 have a discrepancy lower than one standard uncertainty. Grassmann's proportionality law is checked directly by reducing the matching lights with a neutral filter and holds true. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 271–281, 2008.
Book review: Colouring the Past—On colour in archaeological research
Authors: Fridell Anter Karin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe book, Colouring the Past. The Significance of Colour in Archaeological Research, is an anthology discussing various aspects of colour from an archaeological viewpoint. This article presents some of its main topics and discusses a few issues more in length. One starting point for this is the criticism on Berlin and Kay's theory of basic color terms and the Munsell Book of Colors that is launched in some of the articles in the book. The article concludes in summing up some areas where archaeologists and color researchers from other fields could have a mutual interest of further exchange. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 327–334, 2008.
Spectral color management using interim connection spaces based on spectral decomposition
Authors: Tsutsumi Shohei , Rosen Mitchell R. , Berns Roy S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA feasible approach to spectral color management was previously defined to include lookups performed within an interim connection space (ICS). ICS is relatively low in dimensions and is situated between a high‐dimensional spectral profile connection space and output units. The definition of ICS axes and the minimum number of ICS dimensions are explored here by considering the LabPQR, an ICS described in earlier research. LabPQR has three colorimetric dimensions (CIE L*a*b*) and additional dimensions to describe a metameric black (PQR). Several versions of LabPQR are explored. One type defines PQR axes based on metameric blacks generated from Cohen and Kappauf's spectral decomposition. The second type is constructed in an unconstrained way where metameric blacks are statistically derived based on the spectral characteristics of the target output device. For a six‐dimensional LabPQR, one that uses three colorimetric and three metameric black dimensions, it was found that Cohen and Kappauf‐based LabPQR was inferior for estimating the spectra when compared with the unconstrained method. However, when the limited spectral gamut of an output device was introduced through printer simulation and necessary spectral gamut mapping, the disadvantage of the six‐dimensional Cohen and Kappauf‐based LabPQR dissipated. On the other hand, reducing LabPQR to only five‐dimensions (two metameric black dimensions) reintroduced the advantage of the unconstrained approach even after simulated printing including spectral gamut mapping. Importantly, it was found that the five‐dimensional unconstrained approach achieved equivalent levels of performance to a full 31‐dimensional approach within simulated printer spectral gamut limitations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 282–299, 2008.
Lentivector immunization induces tumor antigen‐specific B and T cell responses in vivo
Authors: Garcia Casado Javier , Janda Jozef , Wei Joe , Chapatte Laurence , Colombetti Sara , Alves Pedro , Ritter Gerd , Ayyoub Maha , Valmori Danila , Chen Weisan , Lévy Frédéric 
Published: June 2008

AbstractExpression of the cancer/germ‐line antigen NY‐ESO‐1 by tumors elicits spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses in some cancer patients. Development of vaccines capable of stimulating such comprehensive immune responses is desirable. We have produced recombinant lentivectors directing the intracellular synthesis of NY‐ESO‐1 (rLV/ESO) and have analyzed the in vivo immune response elicited by this vector. Single injection of rLV/ESO into HLA‐A2‐transgenic mice elicited long‐lasting B and T cell responses against NY‐ESO‐1. CD8+ T cells against the HLA‐A2‐restricted peptide NY‐ESO‐1157–165 were readily detectable ex vivo and showed restricted TCR Vβ usage. Moreover, rLV/ESO elicited a far greater anti‐NY‐ESO‐1157–165 CD8+ T cell response than peptide‐ or protein‐based vaccines. Anti‐NY‐ESO‐1 antibodies were rapidly induced after immunization and their detection preceded that of the antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells. The rLV/ESO also induced CD4+ T cells. These cells played an essential role as their depletion completely abrogated B cell and CD8+ T cell responses against NY‐ESO‐1. The induced CD4+ T cells were primarily directed against a single NY‐ESO‐1 epitope spanning amino acids 81–100. Altogether, our study shows that rLV/ESO induces potent and comprehensive immune responses in vivo.
IL‐21 and IL‐21R are not required for development of Th17 cells and autoimmunity in vivo
Authors: Sonderegger Ivo , Kisielow Jan , Meier Reto , King Cecile , Kopf Manfred 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTh17 cells have been recognized as the central effectors in organ‐related autoimmune diseases. IL‐6 is a key factor that reciprocally regulates Th17 and Foxp3+ Treg differentiation by inhibition of TGF‐β induced Foxp3 and induction of RORγt, a Th17 lineage‐specific transcription factor. Recently IL‐21 has been suggested to induce RORγt and Th17 development in the absence of IL‐6. However, the relevance of IL‐21 for Th17‐dependent inflammatory responses in vivo remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that differentiation of IL‐17‐producing CD4 T cells, their recruitment to inflamed organs, and the development of autoimmune disease was not affected in il21R–/– and il21–/– mice in models of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐induced autoimmune encephalitis and autoimmune myocarditis. IL‐6 induced Th17 differentiation independent of and much more potently than IL‐21 in vitro. These data suggest that IL‐6 is sufficient to drive Th17 development and associated autoimmunity in vivo in the absence of IL‐21 or IL‐21R.See accompanying Commentary http:dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838529Supporting information for this article is available at http://www.wiley‐vch.de/contents/jc_2040/2008/38511_s.pdf
Palladacyclic Complexes Containing C,N‐Type Ligands as Catalysts in Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Chen Ming‐Tsz , Huang Chi‐An , Chen Chi‐Tien 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFour ligand precursors, namely PhN=C(CMe2)(NPh)C=N(E) [E = –(CH2)2OMe (1); –(CH2)C(O)OMe (2); –(CH2)2CH3 (3);–C6H5 (4)], are described. Treatment of 1, 2, 3 or 4 with 1–1.1 molar equivalents of Pd(OAc)2 in THF or CH3CN affords the orthometallated palladium(II) complexes [{[PhN=C(CMe2)(N‐η1‐Ph)C=N(E)]Pd(OAc)}2] [E = –(CH2)2OMe (5); –(CH2)C(O)OMe (6); –(CH2)2CH3 (7); –C6H5 (8)], respectively. The reaction of 5 or 6 with an excess of NaCl(aq.) in acetoneaffords the orthometallated palladium(II) complexes [{PhN=C(CMe2)(N‐η1‐Ph)C=N(E)}PdCl] [E = –(CH2)2OMe (9); –(CH2)C(O)OMe (10)], whereas the reaction of 7 with an excess of NaCl(aq.) in acetone affords the dinuclear palladium(II) complex [{[PhN=C(CMe2)(N‐η1‐Ph)C=N(CH2)2CH3]PdCl}2] (11). The crystal and molecular structures of compounds 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 are reported The application of those novel palladacyclic complexes to the Suzuki and Heck reactions with aryl halide substrates is examined.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Spherical Down‐ and Up‐Conversion NaYF4‐Based Nanophosphors with Tunable Size in Ethylene Glycol without Surfactants or Capping Additives
Authors: Nuñez Nuria O. , Míguez Hernán , Quintanilla Marta , Cantelar Eugenio , Cussó Fernando , Ocaña Manuel 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA very simple route for the synthesis of spherical down‐conversion (DC) and up‐conversion (UC) NaYF4‐based nanophosphors is described which consists of a precipitation reaction at rather low temperature (max. 120 °C) from solutions containing sodium fluoride and appropriate Ln precursors in a common solvent (ethylene glycol/water mixtures), without the use of any other additive (complexing agent or surfactant). The role played by the nature of the yttrium precursor and the solvent on the morphological characteristics of the nanoparticles is discussed. The size of the nanospheres, which crystallized in the cubic α‐NaYF4 phase, could be tuned within the 45–155 nm range by adjusting the reaction parameters (temperature and ethylene glycol/water ratio). The applicability of this method is illustrated for the synthesis of EuIII‐doped (DC), TbIII‐doped (DC) and YbIII/ErIII codoped (UC) NaYF4 nanophosphors, whose luminescent properties were also analysed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Oil yield and compressibility modeling during microscale expression: Criteria for linseed breeding
Authors: Savoire Raphaëlle , Lanoisellé Jean‐Louis , Ducatel Hélène , Vorobiev Eugène 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSeven linseed varieties were harvested at seven times before complete maturity. Microscale oilseed expressions were subsequently carried out on it. A pressure of 10 MPa was applied for 1 h under uniaxial stress. The results were characterized in terms of oil, water and mucilage content, harvest date and oil yield. The piston displacement versus time (creep curves) was described by a four‐Kelvin‐Voigt elements viscoelastic model. Parameters were derived from the model, such as the mechanical properties of seeds (compressibility moduli), showing that the viscoelastic model fits well the experimental data (R² ≈ 0.999). The modeling parameters were combined with some biochemical data in order to predict the kinetics of oil extraction.
A Chiral “Frozen” Hydrogen Bonding in C4‐Symmetric Inherently Chiral Resorcin[4]arenes: NMR, X‐ray, Circular Dichroism, and Theoretical Study (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 18/2008)
Authors: Kuberski Bogumił , Pecul Magdalena , Szumna Agnieszka 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows the X‐ray structure of CC4‐symmetric, chiral resorcinarene substituted with L‐leucine at the upper rim. The molecule is held in the inherently chiral conformation (resembling a chiral CC4‐symmetric propeller) by means of twelve intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The seams of hydrogen bonds can be directed in one particular direction because of diastereomeric preferences. The determination of the direction of the hydrogen‐bonding seam and the correlation with CD spectra is discussed in the article by A. Szumna et al. on p. 3069 ff.
Study of interaction between drug enantiomers and human serum albumin by flow injection‐capillary electrophoresis frontal analysis
Authors: Liu Xiumei , Chen Xingguo , Yue Yuanyuan , Zhang Jingshu , Song Yuqin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFlow injection (FI)‐CE coupled with frontal analysis (FA) was applied to the study of stereoselectivity binding of amlodipine (AL) to HSA. Under protein‐drug binding equilibrium, the unbound concentrations of drug enantiomers were measured by plateau height. The stereoselectivity of AL binding to HSA was proved by the different free fractions of two enantiomers. In physiological phosphate solution (pH 7.4, ionic strength 0.17) when 200 μM (±)AL was equilibrated with 300 μM HSA, the concentration of unbound R‐AL was about 1.5 times higher than that of its antipode. The binding constants of two enantiomers, KR‐AL and KS‐AL, were 9910–11200 and 90200–104000 M−1, respectively. The results obtained by the method were compared with those determined by conventional equilibrium dialysis (ED)‐CE and fluorescence spectra. Hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD (HP‐β‐CD) (10 mM) was used as a chiral selector in pH 3.7 phosphate buffer. L‐Tryptophan (L‐try) and ketoprofen (Ket) were used as displacement reagents to investigate the binding sites of AL to HSA. A binding synergism effect between hydrochlorothiazide (QL) and AL was observed and the results suggested that QL can destroy binding equilibrium of R‐AL and S‐AL toward HSA and they can occupy the same binding site of HSA (site I). The reproducibility was confirmed by RSD (RSD<1.5%) of the plateau height determined by FI‐CE frontal analysis (FI‐CE‐FA). The FI‐CE‐FA was a good method to study protein–drug interaction.
Determination of ascorbic acid in individual rat hepatocyte cells based on capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection
Authors: Sun Xuemei , Niu Yan , Bi Sai , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA novel method to detect ascorbic acid (AA) in individual rat hepatocyte cells was developed by combining CE with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) based on tris(2,2′‐bipyridine) ruthenium(II) ($\displaystyle {Ru\left( {bpy} \right)_3^{2 + } } $). A single cell, followed by 0.1% SDS as cell lysis solution, was injected into the inlet of the separation capillary by electromigration. After optimizing the analytical conditions, the RSDs of migration time and peak height were 0.38% and 2.6% for 1.0×10−5 M AA (n = 10), respectively. The linear range of AA was from 1.0×10−8 to 5.0×10−5 M with a correlation coefficient of 0.9979 and the LOD (S/N = 3) was estimated to be 1.0×10−8 M. This method has been successfully applied to determine AA in single rat hepatocytes and the amount of AA in seven rat hepatocytes ranged from 16 to 62 fmol. The above results demonstrated that CE coupled with ECL is convenient, sensitive, and will become an attractive alternative method for single‐cell analysis.
Pattern recognition in capillary electrophoresis data using dynamic programming in the wavelet domain
Authors: Ceballos Gerardo A. , Paredes Jose L. , Hernández Luis F. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA novel approach for CE data analysis based on pattern recognition techniques in the wavelet domain is presented. Low‐resolution, denoised electropherograms are obtained by applying several preprocessing algorithms including denoising, baseline correction, and detection of the region of interest in the wavelet domain. The resultant signals are mapped into character sequences using first derivative information and multilevel peak height quantization. Next, a local alignment algorithm is applied on the coded sequences for peak pattern recognition. We also propose 2‐D and 3‐D representations of the found patterns for fast visual evaluation of the variability of chemical substances concentration in the analyzed samples. The proposed approach is tested on the analysis of intracerebral microdialysate data obtained by CE and LIF detection, achieving a correct detection rate of about 85% with a processing time of less than 0.3 s per 25 000‐point electropherogram. Using a local alignment algorithm on low‐resolution denoised electropherograms might have a great impact on high‐throughput CE since the proposed methodology will substitute automatic fast pattern recognition analysis for slow, human based time‐consuming visual pattern recognition methods.
Modeling the migration behavior of rabbit liver apothioneins in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Benavente Fernando , Andón Balbina , Giménez Estela , Barbosa José , Sanz‐Nebot Victoria 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMetallothioneins (MTs) are a group of low‐molecular‐mass proteins (6–7 kDa) characterized by their great affinity for heavy metal ions. At acidic pH, the bound metal ions are released from the amino acidic structure and MTs lead to apothioneins. In this study, a general equation is used to model the electrophoretic mobility of rabbit liver apothioneins as a function of the pH of the separation electrolyte. The ability of these relationships to explain the migration behavior of these relatively complex polyprotic proteins in the pH range between 2 and 6 has been investigated. Their relevant ionization constant values in the studied pH range were estimated and employed for molecular charge calculations. The classical semiempirical relationships between electrophoretic mobility and charge‐to‐mass ratio (me vs. q/Mα) were tested for prediction of their electrophoretic separations. The accuracy of the separations predicted at acidic pH was confirmed by CE‐ESI‐MS.
Micro‐high‐performance liquid chromatography platform for the depletion of high‐abundance proteins and subsequent on‐line concentration/capturing of medium and low‐abundance proteins from serum. Application to profiling of protein expression in healthy and osteoarthritis sera by 2‐D gel electrophoresis
Authors: Jmeian Yazen , El Rassi Ziad 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this investigation, an integrated microcolumn‐based fluidic platform for the simultaneous depletion of high‐abundance proteins and the subsequent on‐line concentration/capturing of medium‐ and low‐abundance proteins from human serum has been introduced. The platform consists of on‐line coupling of tandem affinity micorcolumns to an RP microcolumn to achieve first the depletion of high‐abundance proteins by the tandem affinity microcolumns followed by the concentration and capturing of medium‐ and low‐abundance proteins by the RP microcolumn. The tandem affinity microcolumns are based on macroporous monoliths characterized by their relatively high permeability in pressure‐driven flow while the RP microcolumn is packed with polymeric particles with an average particle diameter of 20 µm giving rise to a very little back pressure, thus allowing fast flow velocity across the coupled columns format and consequently short processing time of serum samples prior to analysis by 2‐DE. The microcolumn‐based fluidic platform was applied to serum samples from osteoarthritis (OA) donors before and after soy protein (SP) supplementation, and from healthy donors, and the resulting depleted serum samples from high‐abundance proteins were profiled for protein expression by 2‐DE. In general, the protein expression was lower in serum of the same OA patient after soy treatment than before soy treatment. Several proteins were down‐regulated after soy treatment with transthyretin being the most affected by the SP supplementation. In addition, with respect to serum from healthy donors, the sera from OA patients showed difference in proteins expression.
Plasmodium falciparum growth is arrested by monoterpenes from eucalyptus oil
Authors: Su Vanessa , King Drew , Woodrow Ian , McFadden Geoffrey , Gleadow Roslyn 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCerebral malaria is a major health problem in the developing world. Widespread resistance to existing drugs by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum has coincided with an increase in mortality, particularly in children. One potential source of new drugs comes from plant natural products. We found that commercially available, pharmaceutical grade eucalyptus oil and its principal component 1,8‐cineole inhibited the growth and development of chloroquine‐sensitive and chloroquine‐resistant P. falciparum. This was true both when the oil was added directly to the parasite cultures and when cultures were exposed to the vapours. The development of the parasite was arrested at the early trophozoite stage, irrespective of when the oil was introduced. We used a new approach where the concentration of monoterpenes actually taken up by the cultures was measured directly using HS–GC. We found that the critical concentration required to inhibit and kill the parasite did not adversely affect the host erythrocytes, placing it in the range suitable for drug development. Given the ready availability and existing quality control of eucalyptus oils, this may represent an economically viable adjunct to current antimalarial therapies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.