bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Activity and Content of Individual Forms of Proteasomes in Samples of the Cerebral Cortex during Pathology Development in 5xFAD Mice
Authors: Morozov А. V. , Burov A. V. , Funikov S. Yu. , Teterina E. V. , Astakhova T. M. , Erokhov P. A. , Ustyugov A. A. , Karpov V. L. 
Published: April 2024

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) provides hydrolysis of most intracellular proteins in proteasomes. There are various forms of proteasomes differing, among other things, in the set of proteolytic subunits and the presence of activators. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by disturbances in the functional state of the UPS. At the same time, an increase in the expression of certain forms of proteasomes, in particular, proteasomes containing immune subunits (non-constitutive proteasomes), was shown. Here, we studied dynamic changes in the expression of catalytic proteasome subunit genes and protein content in the cerebral cortex of animals using a mouse model of AD (5xFAD transgenic mice). In samples from 5xFAD mice, at the age of 380 days, compared with samples from mice of 60 days of age, 4 and 6 times more gene transcripts of the immune subunits PSMB9 and PSMB8 were detected, as well as a significant increase in the number of immune β-subunits (2.8 times – β1i, 2.2 times – β2i) was observed. The results obtained indicate activation of the synthesis of immune subunits and assembly of non-constitutive proteasomes at the terminal stage of pathology development. At the same time, the results of electrophoresis in native conditions indicate the activation of both 20S and 26S proteasomes containing immune subunits in samples from 5xFAD mice, 380 days of age. The obtained data, in combination with available literature, indicate that the activation of non-constitutive proteasomes is a universal phenomenon characteristic of various animal models of AD, that may reflect both the development of neuroinflammation and adaptive processes in tissues.
Electrocoryssopini—a New Tribe of the Subfamily Conoderinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Baltic Amber
Authors: Legalov A. A. 
Published: April 2024

A new tribe Electrocoryssopini trib. nov., with a new genus Electrocoryssopus gen. nov. and a new species E. andrushchenkoi sp. nov., is described from Eocene Baltic amber. The new tribe is similar to the Recent tribes Coryssopodini and Sphadasmini, but differs in the prosternum not having a rostral channel, slightly convex coarsely faceted eyes, femora without teeth, and tibiae lacking uncus.
On the Dimorph Pair <i>Lobosphinctes</i>/<i>Planisphinctes</i> (Ammonoidea: Perisphinctidae) from the Topmost Bajocian–Lowermost Bathonian of the Kuban River Basin (Northern Caucasus, Russia)
Authors: Mitta V. V. , Sherstyukov M. P. 
Published: April 2024

Upper Bajocian–Lower Bathonian perisphinctids are studied based on new collections from the upper part of the Upper Djangura Subformation in the interfluve of the Kuban and Urup rivers (Karachay-Cherkessia). Lobosphinctes costulatosus (Buckman) and Planisphinctes tenuissimus (Siemiradzki) are redescribed, and P. pirkli Mitta, sp. nov. is described; shells of Lobosphinctes loczyi (Papp) are identified. These taxa, found ex situ, are confined to the Densicosta and Bomfordi Subzones of the Upper Bajocian Parkinsoni Zone. Lobosphinctes dzhissaensis Mitta, sp. nov. is described from the Lower Bathonian (Zigzag Zone, Beds with Oraniceras scythicum).
A New Antelope <i>Tavridia gromovi</i> gen. et sp. nov. (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) from the Lower Pleistocene of the Taurida Cave in the Crimea
Authors: Vislobokova I. A. 
Published: April 2024

A description of a new form of the small antelopes from the Lower Pleistocene of the Taurida cave in the Crimea is given. The new genus and species Tavridia gromovi was identified from a fragment of the skull roof with a horn core and the lower jaw. This small antelope differed from all known forms in the structural features of the horn cores and the dental system. According to the sum of characters, it is assigned to the tribe Antilopini (Eurasia and Africa, Middle Miocene to Recent). The discovery of T. gromovi in the Crimea testifies to the significant diversity of this group of antelopes in the middle of the Early Pleistocene.
Cyanobacteria and Algae in Biological Soil Crusts of Frost Boils in the Mountain Tundra of the Urals
Authors: Patova E. N. , Novakovskaya I. V. , Sivkov M. D. 
Published: April 2024

Diversity of cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae was recovered from biological soil crusts formed on bare spots in tundras of the Ural mountains. The research was carried out in two typical tundra types, dominated by shrub-moss-lichen and dwarf birch-lichen-moss communities. In total, 46 species belonging to five divisions were identified: Cyanobacteria (19), Ochrophyta (1), Bacillariophyta (2), Chlorophyta (22), Charophyta (2). Core species of the biological crusts come from Cyanobacteria (Stigonema minutum, Gloeocapsopsis magma, Schizothrix fuscescens, Dasygloea cf. lamyi, Fischerella muscicola, Nostoc commune, Scytonema hofmannii) and Chlorophyta (Sporotetras polydermatica, Coccomyxa simplex, Elliptochloris bilobata, E. subsphaerica, Lobochlamys culleus, Pleurastrum terricola). The low diversity of algae and cyanobacteria results from harsh environmental conditions of their habitat: extreme fluctuation of upper ground temperatures, acidic soils with low base content, and reduced levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and other crucial biogenic elements. The total number of cyanobacterial and algal cells per g of soil was estimated at 0.03 to 34.19 million. Based on the acetylene reduction method, the average nitrogen fixation rates in biological crusts ranged from 0.009 to 0.015 mg С2Н4 m–2h–1. The activity varied between soil crust types from 1.48 to 2.25 mg С2Н4 m–2h–1. In future, regular observations are planned on the studied sites to reconstruct and predict succession processes in cryogenic landscapes under mountain tundra conditions.
Assessment of Soil Resistance to Contamination by Platinum Nanoparticles by Biodiagnostic Methods
Authors: Timoshenko A. N. , Kolesnikov S. I. , Kabakova V. S. , Evstegneeva N. A. , Minnikova T. V. , Kazeev K. Sh. , Minkina T. M. 
Published: April 2024

Soil contamination with platinum nanoparticles is reproduced at a rapid rate, primarily because of the operation of vehicles with platinum exhaust gas converters. Already present on the territory with a concentration of platinum in the soil of more than 2 mg/kg, which is the maximum background content of 750 times. At the same time, the environmental risks of the adverse impact of platinum nanoparticles on the soil are practically not studied. The purpose of this work is to assess the consequences of different buffering capacities of soils to contamination with platinum nanoparticles in terms of biological parameters. Laboratory studies of soil resistance to pollution with platinum nanoparticles (PtNP) in the South of Russia were carried out, and their genetic properties were compared: Ordinary Chernozem (Haplic Chernozem (Loamic)), Brown Forest Soil (Eutric Cambisol), and Gray Sands (Eutric Arenosol). PtНЧ concentration studies 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg. Soil stability is assessed by the most sensitive and informative biological indicators of the state. It was found that the low content of PtNP (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) in most cases does not lead to following the analysis of the biological state of the soil, and higher concentrations (10 and 100 mg/kg) lead to biological indicators. Soil enzymatic activity under PtНЧ contamination was inhibited to a lesser extent than phytotoxic and microbiological indicators. Common chernozem caused greater penetration to PtNP contamination than brown forest soil and gray sands. The results obtained were used to predict environmental risks in case of pollution of paid soils and to develop maximum allowable concentrations of platinum in soils of different buffering capacity.
The Dynamics of Small Satellites with the Three-Axial Gravitational Damper
Authors: Aslanov V. S. , Doroshin A. V. 
Published: April 2024

The questions of the dynamics of the angular motion of nanosatellites with gravitational dampers are considered. The damper is a solid body rotating in a spherical cavity with a viscous liquid filling and creating internal friction with the dissipation of the kinetic energy of the angular motion. Unlike classical models of similar viscous dampers using the M.A. Lavrentiev with spherical dynamic symmetry of the body-damper, in this work the body-damper has a central triaxial ellipsoid of inertia, which increases the efficiency of interaction with an external gravitational field. This makes it possible to use almost any autonomous nanosatellite assembly as such an internal body-damper, placing it in a sealed spherical shell inside a spherical cavity with a viscous liquid in the center of mass of the main body-satellite body. The presence of a three-axis inertia tensor of the damper body changes and complicates the mathematical model of the angular motion in comparison with the classical one, which can be considered as a certain generalization and development of research in this direction.
On the Orbital Stability of Pendulum Periodic Motions of a Heavy Rigid Body with a Fixed Point, the Main Moments of Inertia of which are in the Ratio 1 : 4 : 1
Authors: Bardin B. S. , Maksimov B. A. 
Published: April 2024

The motion of a heavy rigid body with a fixed point in a uniform gravitational field is considered. It is assumed that the main moments of inertia of the body for the fixed point satisfy the condition of D.N. Goryachev–S.A. Chaplygin, i.e., they are in the ratio 1 : 4 : 1. In contrast to the integrable case of D.N. Goryachev–S.A. Chaplygin, no additional restrictions are imposed on the position of the center of mass of the body.
The problem of orbital stability of pendulum periodic motions of the body is investigated. In the neighborhood of periodic motions, local variables are introduced and equations of perturbed motion are obtained. On the basis of a linear analysis of stability, the orbital instability of pendulum rotations for all values of the parameters has been concluded. It has been established that, depending on the values of the parameters, pendulum oscillations can be both orbitally unstable and orbitally stable in a linear approximation. For pendulum oscillations that are stable in the linear approximation, based on the methods of KAM theory, a nonlinear analysis is performed and rigorous conclusions about the orbital stability are obtained.
Individual Morphometric Characters and Productivity of <i>Plantago maxima</i> (Plantaginaceae) in the South Siberia (Republic of Khakassia)
Authors: Pimenov A. V. , Efremov S. P. , Sedel’nikova Т. S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract—Phytocoenotic and morphological features, as well as the productivity of the giant plantain (Plantago maxima Juss. ex Jacq.) in typical floodplain landscapes of southern Siberia were studied. The coenopopulations of P. maxima growing in natural and reclaimed areas of the Bely Iyus River valley in the Shirinsky and Ordzhonikidzevsky districts of the Republic of Khakassia were assessed. Under contrasting environmental conditions, in associations with significant share of P. maxima its productivity was 8.2 ± ± 0.58 kg × 102∕ha of air-dry, and 7.7 ± 0.54 kg × 102∕ha of oven dry aboveground phytomass. P. maxima share of the total phytomass varies from 5 to 15% in mesophytic associations with high species diversity on well-drained soils, and from 40 to 80% in xerophytic associations confined to mounds with sandy, sandy-gravelly or pebbly sandy soils. In P. maxima, the size and variability of vegetative organs increase in plants growing in more moist environments, while in drier habitats, the generative structures increase in the size and variability.
Developmental Characteristics of <i>Sorbus</i> (Rosaceae) Species under Introduction in the Republic of Karelia
Authors: Platonova E. A. , Magerramova E. M. , Timohina T. A. , Sergienko L. A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract—For twelve years, 14 species of the genus Sorbus L. are growing of in the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (South Karelia). They are characterized by a variety of ornamental features – the leaf shape and dissection, flowers, autumn coloring of leaves and fruits. The studied species have different geographical origin: Sorbus americana Marshall and S. decora (Sarg.) C.K. Schneid. are native to North America, S. aria (L.) Grantz, S. mougeotii Soy.-Will. et Godr., S. sudetica (Tausch) Dluff, Nees et Schauer, S. intermedia (Ehrh.) Pers., S. bristoliensis Wilmott, S. × thuringiaca (Ilse ex Nyman) Schonach. – to Europe, S. eburnea McAll., S. koehneana C.K. Schneid., S. amurensis Koehne., S. cashmiriana Hedl., S. sambucifolia (Cham. et Schltdl.) M. Roem – to East Asia, and S. caucasica Zinserl. – to Central Asia. The studied plants have been grown from seeds received in 2010–2015 from the botanical gardens of Russia and abroad. 14 species flowered and fruited for the first time in 2021–2022. Annual shoots of all studied species fully mature by the end of the season. Botanical gardens located at different latitudes provide with data on the cultivated Sorbus species, so it is possible to compare the duration of ontogenetic stages and the dates of the main phenological phases, and to draw preliminary conclusions on the influence of climatic factors on the ontogenetic and seasonal development of plants. The dates of the beginning of the spring vegetation from the middle taiga to Ufa and Stavropol vary by three weeks, and the end of shoot growth – by two months. Along latitudinal gradient from Stavropol to Apatity, the first flowering date varies from the middle of May to the end of July. In the northern regions, the growing season of most of the studied species is shorter than in the southern. A species-specific sequence of seasonal development was revealed: early onset of phenophases in S. sambucifolia, and the latest in S. caucasica, S. bristoliensis, S. eburnea, S. × thuringiaca. According to the first results of a comprehensive assessment of adaptation and viability, all studied Sorbus species are promising as urban greening plants and suitable for further cultivation in southern Karelia.
CALCULATION OF THE ELECTRODE REACTION RATE ON A GRAPHITE CATHODE OF ALUMINUM-ION BATTERY WITH 1-ETHYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE
Authors: Druzhinin K. V. , Kukin A. S. , Balakin K. Yu. 
Published: April 2024

A method for determining the rate of sorption of chloraluminate complexes on graphite material as the main cathode reaction in aluminum-ion batteries with an ionic liquid as an electrolyte is proposed in terms of classic chemical kinetics approach. The method is applied to the description of the rate of a one-electron cathode reaction that is in the case the sorption/desorption of complexes on the electrode surface with no migration in the interlayer space of graphite taken into account. The experimental part is based on the selection and providing of measurement conditions and the ratio of the components of the cell to ensure that the rate of the cathode process sets the rate of current generation of the cell. The rate of supply/removal of electrons, as participants in the reaction, thus can be directly related to the reaction rate on graphite. The point of reaching the limiting current on the polarization curve in that case corresponds the limiting rate of the chemical sorption reaction. The approach takes into account the effect of other limiting processes, such as the rate of removal/supply of electrons, the rate of removal/supply of ions to/from the electrolyte volume, and the rate of anodic dissolution/deposition of aluminum. The calculated value of the reaction rate for graphite material grade EC-02 and low-temperature ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole chloride in a mixture with aluminum chloride (1 : 1.3) was calculated to be 46 µmol/cm2 · s.
Production of Soluble Human Gamma Interferon in the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Expression System with a Decrease in Cultivation Temperature
Authors: Volosnikova E. A. , Esina T. I. , Shcherbakov D. N. , Volkova N. V. , Gogina Ya. S. , Tereshchenko T. A. , Danilenko E. D. 
Published: April 2024

A recombinant strain producing human gamma interferon (IFN-γ) E. coli BL 21/pET-IFN-γ was constructed, providing a high level of its expression. A method has been developed for obtaining a soluble form of recombinant IFN-γ, consisting of the processes of producing a biomass of a producer strain containing a target protein in an amount of 32–37% of the total content of cellular proteins, protein isolation and purification. The purification process included the stages of disintegration, clarification of the cell lysate, chromatographic purification and dialysis. The developed method makes it possible to obtain from 1 g of wet biomass up to 5 mg of the drug with a purity of at least 95% and high specific (antiviral) activity.
Radiation Biology of Structurally Different <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Genes. Message 9. General Regularities and Locus-Specific Features of Radiomutability of Sex-Linked and Autosomal Genes
Authors: Alexandrov I. D. , Alexandrova M. V. , Afanasyeva K. P. , Rusakovich A. N. , Harchenko N. E. 
Published: April 2024

The results of large-scale radiation, genetic, cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies on the nature and frequency of heritable mutations of two sex-linked and three autosomal genes of Drosophila melanogaster after exposure to 60Co γ-rays and 0.85 MeV neutrons are presented. Regularities were established for studied genes and radiations in the induction of five different types of recessively inherited mutations, which can be combined into two main classes - the class of chromosomal mutations in one way or another affecting the gene under study (changes leading to sterility of F1 mutants, multilocus deletions, inversion or translocation breakpoint chromosome in the region of gene localization) and a class of “point” gene mutations with a complex spectrum of DNA changes detected by PCR and sequencing. In this report, the results of classical genetic and cytogenetic analysis of these classes of mutations are considered in detail and the frequency of their induction by γ-rays or neutrons is estimated per locus per dose unit (1 Gy). An important and unexpected result of the assessment was the fact that the frequency of “point” mutations turned out to be invariant (on average 1.15 E-06/locus/Gy) for the studied genes and radiations, in contrast to chromosomal mutations, where a pronounced locus-specificity is observed for individual types of mutations. At the same time, neutrons are two or more times more effective than γ-rays in inducing this class of mutations. It is significant that the ave-rage frequency of “point” mutations induction correlates with the average cDNA length of these genes (1.62 kb), but not with their average size (6.07 kb), indicating that the target for " point mutations is, obviously, not the entire DNA of the gene, but only the informational part of its exons. The dependence of the frequency of chromosomal mutations of one type or another on the position of the gene on the chromosome and in the three-dimensional space of the genome is discussed.
Foreshadowing the Future of Genetic Engineering and Radiobiology: 100 Years From the Beginning of N.V. Timofeeff-Ressovsky’s Scientific Work
Authors: Klabukov I. D. , Yakimova A. O. , Baranovskii D. S. , Yatsenko E. M. , Petrov V. A. , Zhavoronkov L. P. , Ivanov S. A. , Shegai P. V. , Kaprin A. D. 
Published: April 2024

The year 2021 was marked with a significant date – 100 years ago, brilliant radiobiologist and geneticist N.V. Timofeeff-Ressovsky started his scientific work. Among the new directions developed by him from 1921 to 1981 were physical biology, basic principles of genetic engineering, amplifier principle, and population radiobiology. It is noteworthy that many of his ideas were developed in the former Department of Radiation Genetics and General Radiobiology of the Institute of Medical Radiology in Obninsk, which is now called the Experimental Sector of the A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centrе. Our work reveals the interconnections of Timofeeff-Ressovsky’s works with the activities of his contemporaries and productive ideas of today.
Cataractogenic Effects оf Low-Dose Radiation with Low LET: More not Than There. Report 1. Statement оf тhe Problem аnd Experiments оn Animals
Authors: Koterov A. N. , Ushenkova L. N. 
Published: April 2024

Radiation disturbances in the lens are considered as the third most important effects of radiation, after mortality from cancer and diseases of the circulatory system (ICRP-118). In terms of the problem of the effects of low doses radiation with low LET (up to 100 mGy), interest in the dose relationship for the induction of disturbances in the lens after irradiation increases in a linear progression, as evidenced, among other things, by the chrono-dynamics of the increase in the number of relevant reviews by years shown here (since 2007; r = 0.650; p = 0.006). However, there is still no clarification of the question of the evidence of the effect of low doses on the lens. This study, consisting of two reports, attempts to fill this gap. Since epidemiological associations to confirm causality should, if possible, meet the criterion of “Biological plausibility”, this Report 1 reviewed the work considered in thematic publications on the cataractogenic effects of the lowest doses of radiation with low LET in experiments in vitro and in animals. The extreme radiosensitivity of the lens cells, exceeding even the parameters of lymphocytes in terms of induction of DNA double-strand breaks, is confirmed in a number of works (an increase in the level of breaks is shown even for a dose of 20 mGy). However, when the dose regularities are transferred to the irradiation of mice and rats in vivo, the conclusions about the effects of low doses are not confirmed. A sample of works over more than 70 years did not reveal such effects. The three exceptions (not included in PubMed paper cited in a single source, a workshop presentation, and an arbitrary textbook mention without citation) do not serve as valid scientific sources. The singularity of these data does not fall under the criterion “Consistency of association”. The smallest threshold doses of radiation for the induction of cataractogenic effects in mice are, according to studies as early as the 1950s, ~114 mGy and ~140 mGy for X-rays. The value of 150 mGy is also called (Shafirkin A.V., Grigoriev Yu.G., 2009). However, one should adhere to the results of more recent studies, according to which, when exposed to radiation in mice, a tendency to opacity in the lens can be observed for a dose of 0.2 Gy, with a statistically significant fixation of the effect for a dose of only 0.4 Gy. Most sources in experiments on rodents report threshold doses in units of gray, with a minimum of 0.5 Gy. Thus, the effects of low doses on the lens opacity were not found in the experiment.