bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Release study of alfuzosin hydrochloride loaded to novel hydrogel P(HEMA‐co‐AA)
Authors: Mohapatra R. , Ray D. , Swain A. K. , Pal T. K. , Sahoo P. K. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHydrogels are of great interest in delivering drugs through their polymeric network. Hydrogels of macroporous copolymer 2‐hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with acrylic acid (AA) were prepared in the presence of N,N′‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide as crosslinker and benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The structure of the copolymer, hydrogel character, and biodegradability have already been discussed in our previous article (Mohapatra et al., Polym Polym Compos 2005, 13, 807) entitled P(HEMA‐co‐AA) as Novel Biodegradable Macroporous Hydrogel. The current study involves the in vitro and in vivo release of alfuzosin hydrochloride at pH 7.0 and 9.2, taking different concentrations of drug and hydrogel. The percentage of drug entrapment study was done and the stability study was also performed according to I.C.H. guidelines for a period of 6 months giving satisfactory results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Compatibility of liquid deproteinized natural rubber having epoxy group (LEDPNR)/poly (L‐lactide) blend
Authors: Nghia Phan Trung , Siripitakchai Niti , Klinklai Warunee , Saito Takayuki , Yamamoto Yoshimasa , Kawahara Seiichi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractReaction after mixing of liquid epoxidized natural rubber/poly(L‐lactide) blend was performed to enhance the compatibility of the blend. The liquid epoxidized natural rubber was prepared by epoxidation of deproteinized natural rubber with peracetic acid in latex stage followed by depolymerization with peroxide and propanal. The resulting liquid deproteinized natural rubber having epoxy group (LEDPNR) was mixed with poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) to investigate the compatibility of the blend through differential scanning calorimetry, optical light microscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. After heating the blend at 473 K for 20 min, glass transition temperature (Tg) of LEDPNR in LEDPNR/PLLA blend increased from 251 to 259 K, while Tg and melting temperature (Tm) of PLLA decreased from 337 to 332 K and 450 to 445 K, respectively, suggesting that the compatibility of LEDPNR/ PLLA blend was enhanced by a reaction between the epoxy group of LEDPNR and the ester group of PLLA. The reaction was proved by high‐resolution solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Graft copolymerization of p‐acryloyloxybenzoic acid and p‐methacryloyloxybenzoic acid onto isotactic polypropylene and their thermal properties: Part I
Authors: Çetin S. , Tinçer T. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe polymerization and grafting of the monomers p‐acryloyloxybenzoic acid and p‐methacryloyloxybenzoic acid were studied. Poly(acryloyloxybenzoic acid) was obtained by γ‐radiation‐induced solution polymerization and bulk melt polymerization initiated by dicumyl peroxide. Poly(methacryloyloxybenzoic acid) could be obtained only by bulk melt polymerization. The graft copolymerization of the monomers onto isotactic polypropylene was carried out in bulk. The maximum grafting was reached in shorter times at higher temperatures, and it also increased with the concentration of the monomers in the reaction medium. The thermal and crystallization behavior of the graft copolymers was studied with differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The graft copolymerization of p‐acryloyloxybenzoic acid did not have any influence on the formation of both α forms (monoclinic) of polypropylene, whereas p‐methacryloyloxybenzoic acid led to the α2 form. The β‐crystalline modification (hexagonal) formed in poly(acryloyloxybenzoic acid)‐g‐polypropylene products at 185°C and at higher grafting temperatures and also in the second run of differential scanning calorimetry studies after fast cooling. The β form was not observed in graft copolymers of poly(methacryloyloxybenzoic acid). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Polyaniline–rhodium composites: Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and catalytic properties
Authors: Stochmal Edyta , Hasik Magdalena , Adamczyk Anna , Bernasik Andrzej , Turek Wincenty , Sniechota Agnieszka 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this work, polyaniline (PANI)–rhodium composites have been obtained for the first time. Their preparation procedure has involved reduction of Rh3+ ions in RhCl3 aqueous solutions with NaBH4 in the presence of PANI. Using UV–vis spectroscopy, it has been found that the reduction process is fast. X‐ray diffraction and Rh3d XPS studies have confirmed that metallic rhodium is incorporated into PANI matrix. SEM and TEM investigations allowed to establish that the sizes of Rh crystallites formed depend on the amount of metal in the composite as well as on the preparation conditions. It has been demonstrated that the composites containing Rh nanoparticles whose size is predominantly below 10 nm can be obtained. IR spectroscopy has proved that PANI chain is protonated in the Rh3+ reduction process. Catalytic properties of PANI–Rh composites have been investigated using isopropyl alcohol conversion as the test reaction. It has been found that the composites containing Rh nanoparticles show high redox activity. Catalytic activity of the composites in which larger, agglomerated metal particles have been present is about three times lower. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Evaluation of surface free energy for PMMA films
Authors: Ozcan Canturk , Hasirci Nesrin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSurface free energy (SFE) is a property resulted from the chemical structure and the orientation of the molecules at the surface boundary of the materials. For solids, it can be calculated from the contact angles of liquid drops with known surface tension, formed on the solid surface. There are various SFE evaluation methods based on different theoretical assumptions. In this study, SFE and the dispersive, polar, acidic and basic components of the SFE of a polymeric material, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), were calculated by using Zisman, Saito, Fowkes, Berthelot, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, and Acid–base approaches. The results obtained from various liquid couples or triplets were compared. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Comparison of two acetylcholinesterase gene cDNAs of the lesser mealworm,Alphitobius diaperinus, in insecticide susceptible and resistant strains
Authors: Kozaki Toshinori , Kimmelblatt Brian A. , Hamm Ronda L. , Scott Jeffrey G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTwo cDNAs encoding different acetylcholinesterase (AChE) genes (AdAce1andAdAce2) were sequenced and analyzed from the lesser mealworm,Alphitobius diaperinus. BothAdAce1andAdAce2were highly similar (95 and 93% amino acid identity, respectively) with theAcegenes ofTribolium castaneum. BothAdAce1andAdAce2have the conserved residues characteristic of AChE (catalytic triad, intra‐disulfide bonds, and so on). Partial cDNA sequences of theAlphitobius Acegenes were compared between two tetrachlorvinphos resistant (Kennebec and Waycross) and one susceptible strain of beetles. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, but only one non‐synonymous mutation was found (A271S inAdAce2). No SNPs were exclusively found in the resistant strains, the A271S mutation does not correspond to any mutations previously reported to alter sensitivity of AChE to organophosphates or carbamates, and the A271S was found only as a heterozygote in one individual from one of the resistantA. diaperinusstrains. This suggests that tetrachlorvinphos resistance in the Kennebec and Waycross strains ofA. diaperinusis not due to mutations in either AChE gene. The sequences ofAdAce1andAdAce2provide new information about the evolution of these important genes in insects. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification and characterization of two cysteine peptidases of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata during metamorphosis
Authors: Rabossi Alejandro , Stoka Veronika , Puizdar Vida , Turk Vito , Quesada‐Allué Luis A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn holometabolous insects, there is a complete body remodeling from larva to adult. We determined in Ceratitis capitata that the transition from pre‐pupa to pupa, 40 to 48 h after puparium formation (h APF), is a key moment of metamorphosis; when salivary glands, intestine, fat body, and muscles are in different stages of cell death. At 44–46 h APF, muscles from segments 1–3 (thoracic region) appeared fully disintegrated, whereas posterior muscles just started death processes. To understand some of the biochemical events eventually involved in histolytic processes during early metamorphosis, two cysteine peptidases coined “Metamorphosis Associated Cysteine Peptidase” (MACP‐I and MACP‐II) were purified to homogeneity from 40–46‐h APF insects. Both enzymes were inhibited by Ep‐475, a specific inhibitor of papain‐like cysteine‐peptidases. MACP‐I is a single chain protein with an apparent molecular mass of 80 kDa and includes several isoforms with pI values of pH 6.25–6.35, 6.7, and 7.2. The enzyme has an optimum pH of 5.0 and its pH stability ranges from pH 4.0 to 6.0. The molecular weight and N‐terminal sequence suggest that MACP‐I might be a novel enzyme. MACP‐II is an acidic single chain protein with a pI of pH 5.85 and an apparent molecular mass of 30 kDa. The enzyme is labile with a maximum stability in the pH range of 4.0 to 6.0 and an optimum pH among 5.0 to 6.0. MAPCP‐II characteristics suggest it is a cathepsin B‐like enzyme. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentially regulated expression of growth differentiation factor 5 and bone morphogenetic protein 7 in articular cartilage and synovium in murine chronic arthritis: Potential importance for cartilage breakdown and synovial hypertrophy
Authors: Bobacz Klaus , Sunk Ilse‐Gerlinde , Hayer Silvia , Amoyo Love , Tohidast‐Akrad Makiyeh , Kollias George , Smolen Josef S. , Schett Georg 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether the endogenous expression of growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF‐5) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP‐7) is altered in the cartilage and synovium of human tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–transgenic (hTNFtg) mice with chronic arthritis, and to investigate the response of hTNFtg chondrocytes as well as fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) to these morphogens in vitro.MethodsAnalyses were performed in hTNFtg mice with chronic destructive arthritis and in wild‐type (WT) mice as controls. Expression of GDF‐5 and BMP‐7 in the articular cartilage and synovium was examined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Human TNFtg cartilage explants, chondrocytes, and FLS monolayer cultures were assessed for basal matrix biosynthesis as well as growth factor responsiveness, using 35S‐sulfate incorporation assays. In addition, the DNA content/cell proliferation rate was measured.ResultsThe expression of GDF‐5 and BMP‐7 was decreased in articular cartilage from hTNFtg mice, whereas expression of both morphogens was increased in arthritic synovium from hTNFtg mice, as compared with the levels in WT controls. Isotope incorporation revealed a marked reduction of matrix synthesis in hTNFtg cartilage as well as a decrease in responsiveness to GDF‐5 and BMP‐7. The DNA content did not change in arthritic cartilage as compared with WT cartilage. In hTNFtg FLS, growth factor stimulation increased the rate of cell proliferation and the production of extracellular matrix.ConclusionIn this murine model of TNFα‐mediated arthritis, the expression of GDF‐5 and BMP‐7 is regulated differentially in articular cartilage and synovium. In articular cartilage, the down‐regulation of GDF‐5 and BMP‐7, which function to maintain matrix integrity, could potentially compromise tissue repair, whereas in synovium, the increased expression of GDF‐5 and BMP‐7 might contribute to synovial hypertrophy.
Intravenous immunoglobulins for relapses of systemic vasculitides associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies: Results of a multicenter, prospective, open‐label study of twenty‐two patients
Authors: Martinez Valérie , Cohen Pascal , Pagnoux Christian , Vinzio Stéphane , Mahr Alfred , Mouthon Luc , Sailler Laurent , Delaunay Claire , Sadoun Alain , Guillevin Loïc ,   French Vasculitis Study Group
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate at 9 months and 24 months the safety and efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) administered for 6 months to treat relapses of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) occurring either under treatment or during the year following discontinuation of corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants.MethodsPatients received IVIGs (0.5 gm/kg/day for 4 days) as additional therapy administered monthly for 6 months and were assessed every 3–6 months. Corticosteroids could be maintained or reintroduced at the time of relapse; immunosuppressants could be continued but could not be reintroduced. At months 9 (end point) and 24 (followup), the following information was collected: complete or partial remission, relapse as assessed with the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) 2005, and tolerance and safety of IVIG therapy.ResultsTwenty‐two Caucasian patients (7 men and 15 women) were studied: 19 had WG, and 3 had MPA. Their median age was 53 years (range 19–75 years), and their median duration of systemic vasculitis was 27 months (range 7–109 months). Their median BVAS 2005 score was 11 (range 3–25). At study entry, 21 patients were ANCA positive, and 21 patients were taking steroids and/or immunosuppressants. All patients experiencing relapse were treated with the same drug(s) plus IVIGs. All patients initially responded to IVIG therapy. By month 9, 13 patients had complete remission, 1 had partial remission, 7 had relapse, and 1 had treatment failure. In 8 of the 14 patients who had remission, the response persisted at month 24. Seven patients experienced minor side effects.ConclusionIVIGs induced complete remissions of relapsed ANCA‐associated vasculitides in 13 of 22 patients at month 9. Because of the good safety and tolerance profiles of IVIGs, these agents can be included in a therapeutic strategy with other drugs used to treat relapses of WG or MPA.
Differences in synovial tissue infiltrates between anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide–positive rheumatoid arthritis and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide–negative rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: van Oosterhout M. , Bajema I. , Levarht E. W. N. , Toes R. E. M. , Huizinga T. W. J. , van Laar J. M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo compare synovial tissue infiltrates from patients with anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP)–positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with those from patients with anti‐CCP–negative RA.MethodsSynovial tissue samples were obtained arthroscopically from the inflamed knee joints of 57 patients with RA (34 of whom were anti‐CCP positive) and examined for several histologic features along with immunohistologic expression of cell markers. Joint damage was assessed using the Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) scale (range 0–4) on standard anteroposterior radiographs. In 31 patients (18 of whom were anti‐CCP positive), synovial tissue was available from an earlier time point, allowing analysis of temporal changes.ResultsSynovial tissue from anti‐CCP–positive patients was characterized by a higher mean number of infiltrating lymphocytes (61.6 versus 31.4/high‐power field [hpf] [400×]; P = 0.01), less extensive fibrosis (mean score of 1.2 versus 2.0; P = 0.04), and a thinner synovial lining layer (mean score of 2.1 versus 3.3; P = 0.002) compared with synovial tissue from anti‐CCP–negative patients. Anti‐CCP–positive patients expressed more CD3, CD8, CD45RO, and CXCL12. More anti‐CCP–positive patients had a K/L score >1 compared with anti‐CCP–negative patients. The difference in the mean lymphocyte counts was already present a mean of 3.8 years before the index biopsy (76.7 lymphocytes/hpf and 26.7 lymphocytes/hpf in anti‐CCP–positive patients and anti‐CCP–negative patients, respectively; P = 0.008) and was independent of disease duration and K/L score.ConclusionSynovitis in patients with anti‐CCP–positive RA differs from that in patients with anti‐CCP– negative RA, notably with respect to infiltrating lymphocytes, and is associated with a higher rate of local joint destruction.
Engineered cartilage generated by nasal chondrocytes is responsive to physical forces resembling joint loading
Authors: Candrian C. , Vonwil D. , Barbero A. , Bonacina E. , Miot S. , Farhadi J. , Wirz D. , Dickinson S. , Hollander A. , Jakob M. , Li Z. , Alini M. , Heberer M. , Martin I. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether engineered cartilage generated by nasal chondrocytes (ECN) is responsive to different regimens of loading associated with joint kinematics and previously shown to be stimulatory of engineered cartilage generated by articular chondrocytes (ECA).MethodsHuman nasal and articular chondrocytes, harvested from 5 individuals, were expanded and cultured for 2 weeks into porous polymeric scaffolds. The resulting ECN and ECA were then maintained under static conditions or exposed to the following loading regimens: regimen 1, single application of cyclic deformation for 30 minutes; regimen 2, intermittent application of cyclic deformation for a total of 10 days, followed by static culture for 2 weeks; regimen 3, application of surface motion for a total of 10 days.ResultsPrior to loading, ECN constructs contained significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen compared with ECA constructs. ECN responded to regimen 1 by increasing collagen and proteoglycan synthesis, to regimen 2 by increasing the accumulation of GAG and type II collagen as well as the dynamic modulus, and to regimen 3 by increasing the expression of superficial zone protein, at the messenger RNA level and the protein level, as well as the release of hyaluronan. ECA constructs were overall less responsive to all loading regimens, likely due to the lower extracellular matrix content.ConclusionHuman ECN is responsive to physical forces resembling joint loading and can up‐regulate molecules typically involved in joint lubrication. These findings should prompt future in vivo studies exploring the possibility of using nasal chondrocytes as a cell source for articular cartilage repair.
Regional differences in chondrocyte metabolism in osteoarthritis: A detailed analysis by laser capture microdissection
Authors: Fukui Naoshi , Ikeda Yasuko , Ohnuki Toshiyuki , Tanaka Nobuho , Hikita Atsuhiko , Mitomi Hiroyuki , Mori Toshihito , Juji Takuo , Katsuragawa Yozo , Yamamoto Seizo , Sawabe Motoji , Yamane Shoji , Suzuki Ryuji , Sandell Linda J. , Ochi Takahiro 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the change in metabolic activity of chondrocytes in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage, considering regional difference and degree of cartilage degeneration.MethodsOA cartilage was obtained from knee joints with end‐stage OA, at both macroscopically intact areas and areas with various degrees of cartilage degeneration. Control cartilage was obtained from age‐matched donors. Using laser capture microdissection, cartilage samples were separated into superficial, middle, and deep zones, and gene expression was compared quantitatively in the respective zones between OA and control cartilage.ResultsIn OA cartilage, gene expression changed markedly with the site. The expression of cartilage matrix genes was highly enhanced in macroscopically intact areas, but the enhancement was less obvious in the degenerated areas, especially in the upper regions. In contrast, in those regions, the expression of type III collagen and fibronectin was most enhanced, suggesting that chondrocytes underwent a phenotypic change there. Within OA cartilage, the expression of cartilage matrix genes was significantly correlated with SOX9 expression, but not with SOX5 or SOX6 expression. In OA cartilage, the strongest correlation was observed between the expression of type III collagen and fibronectin, suggesting the presence of a certain link(s) between their expression.ConclusionThe results of this study revealed a comprehensive view of the metabolic change of the chondrocytes in OA cartilage. The change of gene expression profile was most obvious in the upper region of the degenerated cartilage. The altered gene expression at that region may be responsible for the loss of cartilage matrix associated with OA.
Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States: Part I
Authors: Helmick Charles G. , Felson David T. , Lawrence Reva C. , Gabriel Sherine , Hirsch Rosemarie , Kwoh C. Kent , Liang Matthew H. , Kremers Hilal Maradit , Mayes Maureen D. , Merkel Peter A. , Pillemer Stanley R. , Reveille John D. , Stone John H. ,   National Arthritis Data Workgroup
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a single source for the best available estimates of the US prevalence of and number of individuals affected by arthritis overall, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, the spondylarthritides, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and Sjögren's syndrome. A companion article (part II) addresses additional conditions.MethodsThe National Arthritis Data Workgroup reviewed published analyses from available national surveys, such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). For analysis of overall arthritis, we used the NHIS. Because data based on national population samples are unavailable for most specific rheumatic conditions, we derived estimates from published studies of smaller, defined populations. For specific conditions, the best available prevalence estimates were applied to the corresponding 2005 US population estimates from the Census Bureau, to estimate the number affected with each condition.ResultsMore than 21% of US adults (46.4 million persons) were found to have self‐reported doctor‐diagnosed arthritis. We estimated that rheumatoid arthritis affects 1.3 million adults (down from the estimate of 2.1 million for 1995), juvenile arthritis affects 294,000 children, spondylarthritides affect from 0.6 million to 2.4 million adults, systemic lupus erythematosus affects from 161,000 to 322,000 adults, systemic sclerosis affects 49,000 adults, and primary Sjögren's syndrome affects from 0.4 million to 3.1 million adults.ConclusionArthritis and other rheumatic conditions continue to be a large and growing public health problem. Estimates for many specific rheumatic conditions rely on a few, small studies of uncertain generalizability to the US population. This report provides the best available prevalence estimates for the US, but for most specific conditions, more studies generalizable to the US or addressing understudied populations are needed.