bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF ESTRIOL-16,17-DIHEMISUCCINATE ON VASCULAR PERMEABILITY AS EVALUATED IN THE RAT PAW OEDEMA TEST
Authors: Bonta I. L. , de Vos C. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
On the basis of previous findings it was suggested that estriol-16,17-dihemisuccinate might counteract the development of induced local oedemas. To test this assumption, a study was performed using the rat paw oedema test. Depending on the material used, three types of oedema could be produced:
Rapid and transient type, when serotonin, histamine, compound 48/80, chicken egg white and polyvinylpyrrolidone were the inducers. Slow and long lasting type, with kaolin as inducer. Rapid and long lasting type when cobra venom served as inducer.
Cyproheptadine inhibited the rapid and transient type of oedema, except when polyvinylpyrrolidone was used. Furthermore cyproheptadine counteracted the rapid phase of the oedema produced by cobro venom, but did not influence the slow and long lasting oedema induced by kaolin or the delayed phase of the cobra venom oedema.
Phenylbutazone counteracted the slow and long lasting swelling induced by kaolin and the delayed phase of swelling induced by the snake venom, but exerted no effect on any rapid and transient oedema, or on the early phase of oedema produced by snake venom.
Estriol-16,17-dihemisuccinate did not selectively inhibit any one kind of oedema more than another, but counteracted at approximately equal potency all the types of oedema studied.
METABOLISM OF PREGNENOLONE-3-SULPHATE IN THE PERFUSED DOG LIVER
Authors: Voigt K. D. , Tamm J. , Volkwein U. , Schedewie H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pregnenolone-sulphate (400 mg) was perfused through isolated dog livers. The following steroids were isolated in the perfusate: pregnenolone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androst-5-ene-diol and the two steroid conjugates, i. e. pregnenolone-sulphate and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate. Two »free« steroids and one steroid conjugate could not be characterized. A tentative scheme for the metabolic pathways of pregnenolone-sulphate is presented.
THE EFFECT OF METFORMIN ON WEIGHT LOSS IN OBESITY
Authors: Pedersen Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In seven hospitalised obese patients (one diabetic, two with questionable diabetes, and four non-diabetic subjects) the average weight loss on a 1250 calorie diet was 20 per cent greater with than without metformin. The weight loss depended on the dosage of metformin.
Based on the present results and investigations the outline of a new investigation is presented.
FAMILIAL MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM
Authors: Boczkowski Krzysztof , Teter Jerzy 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A family is presented in which all males of the second generation died at birth, and in which two out of four individuals of the third generation exhibited ambiguous external genitalia. All members of the third generation, one brother and one sister in one sibship, and two brothers in another sibship, were studied from both a clinical and a cytogenetical point of view.
In the two boys with ambiguous external genitalia the legal sex was designated female at birth but was later changed to male. Histological examination of their gonads revealed testicular dysgenesis. The girl was clinically normal, and the third male had a small penis and cryptorchid testes. All the boys had an apparently normal 46/XY karyotype without any evidence of mosaicism.
It could not be decided from studies on the Xg blood group and some other sex-linked characters whether the condition described was inherited as an X-linked recessive or an autosomal dominant, sex-limited trait.
ON LIPOPHILE STEROID CONJUGATES
Authors: Oertel G. W. , Groot K. , Wenzel D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following the intravenous injection of biosynthetic 7α-3H-DHEA sulphatide, 3.69 % of administered radioactivity could be isolated from the plasma of male guinea pigs in the form of free DHEA, DHEA sulphatide, DHEA sulphate or DHEA glucuronoside. In contrast to these findings the recovery of labelled DHEA after administration of equivalent doses of 7α-3H-DHEA sulphate or free 4-14C-DHEA was approximately 0.58 % or 0.38 % respectively. The additional analysis of liver, kidney, spleen, adrenals, gonads, and some muscular tissue led to a total recovery of approximately 20 % after the administration of 7α-3H-DHEA sulphatide, of 1 % after injection of 7α-3H-DHEA sulphate, and 10 % after free 4-14CDHEA. The specific concentration of labelled DHEA (dpm/g tissue) was found to be exceptionally high in the sulphoconjugated fractions from adrenal tissue. The results seem to support the hypothesis, that biosynthetic DHEA sulphatide may serve as a labile, lipophile depot or transport form for the physiologically active DHEA sulphate.
ON LIPOPHILE STEROID CONJUGATES
Authors: Oertel G. W. , Groot K. , Wenzel D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following the injection of biosynthetic 7α-3H-DHEA sulphatide, 0.230% of the administered radioactivity could be isolated from the plasma of female guinea pigs in the form of free and conjugated oestrone, oestradiol, and oestriol. In contrast to this the concentration of the above mentioned compounds in the plasma after the administration of 7α-3H-DHEA sulphate or 4-14C-DHEA amounted to only 0.029 % or 0.008 % respectively. In extracts of liver, kidney, spleen, adrenals, ovaries, and muscular tissue, a relatively high specific concentration (dpm/g tissue) of labeled phenolic steroids was detected in the adrenal and particularly in ovarian tissue. These findings indicate a rapid formation of oestrogens, probably from DHEA sulphatide.
A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF MELATONIN ON THE GONADS, THE OESTROUS CYCLE AND THE PINEAL ORGAN OF THE RAT
Authors: Ebels I. , Prop N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Daily injections of melatonin during 21 to 29 days in immature and adult albino rats exposed to normal light conditions (daily dose 30 μg or 150 μg melatonin) or to continuous light (daily dose 150 μg melatonin) did not affect gonadal weight or the oestrous cycle. After the same treatment the pineal parenchymal cells seemed morphologically normal and the size of their nuclei was not changed. Under normal day/night conditions, a daily dose of 30 μg or 150 μg melatonin did not alter the lipid content of the pineal parenchymal cells. Under continuous light, a daily dose of 150 μg melatonin was able to reverse to a slight extent the light-induced lipid depletion.
INHIBITION OF SOFT-TISSUE CALCIFICATION BY PARATHYROID EXTRACT AND CALCIUM
Authors: Gabbiani G. , Tuchweber B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Calcium acetate and parathyroid extract do, while vitamin D does not, inhibit the soft-tissue calcification normally induced by calcergy. The inhibition of calcification by the protective substances is associated with, and probably dependent upon, a decreased blood phosphate level.
A STUDY OF THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION OF IODINE-DEFICIENCY GOITER
Authors: Studer Hugo , Greer Monte A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An extensive study of the temporal sequence of changes in thyroid function after initiation of a low iodine regimen has been made in rats. Variables measured include: thyroid weight, 131I uptake, monoiodotyrosine/diiodotyrosine (MIT/DIT) and triiodothyronine/thyroxine (T3/T4) ratios, iodide clearance, and 127I content. Also measured were protein-bound iodine (PBI), inorganic iodide and thyrotrophin (TSH) levels in the serum. Significant thyroid hypertrophy was produced during the first week and before there was a fall in serum PBI. Temporally related to the appearance of goiter were a rise in 131I uptake, MIT/DIT ratio and iodide clearance and a fall in thyroidal 127I concentration. In contrast, a fall in total thyroidal 127I appeared later and was closely correlated with a decline in serum PBI concentration and a rise in the thyroidal T3/T4 ratio.
Manipulations such as hypophysectomy, injections of iodide, thyroxine or TSH, and refeeding a high iodine diet gave results consistent with the view that changes produced by iodine deficiency involve both autonomous and TSH-dependent thyroidal mechanisms. Although elevated serum TSH levels could not be demonstrated until after the first week of the iodine-deficient regimen, the total evidence of these studies permits the conclusion that increased TSH secretion is the most important factor in producing the thyroidal response to iodine deficiency. It is shown that homeostatic mechanisms allow maintenance of a normal level of circulating thyroid hormone in an iodine-deficient state until the body iodine pool becomes too severely depleted to supply adequate iodide substrate to the thyroid. The changes observed closely resemble those found in human iodine-deficient goiters. Although the large goiters produced after several weeks of an iodine-deficient regimen were hyperplastic, they could readily be converted to typical colloid goiters by feeding a high iodine diet for a few days.
FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS ON THE PRECISION OF THE OVARIAN ASCORBIC ACID DEPLETION TEST
Authors: Koed Hans Jacob , Hamburger Christian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The precision of the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion test is determined in an experiment comprising 120 rats of the Holtzman strain, 90 of which were treated with various doses of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Comparison is made with previous investigations carried out in the same laboratory with rats originating from the Wistar strain. The superiority of the Holtzman rats as test animals is clearly demonstrated.
DER EINFLUSS VON FSH, HCG UND GESTAGENEN AUF DIE KOMPENSATORISCHE SUPEROVULATION DER RATTE
Authors: Weifenbach Harald 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Semispayed mature rats normally ovulating about 12 ova were treated with FSH, alone or in combination with HCG. Both treatments did not alter the number of ova in the Fallopian tube on the next day of oestrus. Under the same regimen intact animals show a doubling of the number of ova. This increase is not effected by stimulation of additional follicles but by prevention of atresia of already stimulated follicles. In contrast, immature rats show true superovulation (up to 80 ova per animal) as response to both treatments.
This difference is due to the inability of mature rats to stimulate more than one set of follicles either by endogenous or exogenous gonadotrophin.
The stimulation and ovulation of a constant number of follicles in the unilaterally spayed rat can be inhibited by a single injection of progestogens in the morning of the first day of the cycle.
BIOSYNTHESE VON STEROIDGLUCURONIDEN BEI VERSCHIEDENEN STOFFWECHSELZUSTÄNDEN
Authors: Schriefers Von Herbert , Keck Brigitte , Otto Margot 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described with which the synthesis of steroid glucuronides in the rat liver can be measured directly.
Though, as shown in perfusion experiments with testosterone as substrate, the capacity of the liver to synthesize glucuronides is very high (9.5 μg androsterone-glucuronide equivalents/min · g corresponding to a daily production of about 100 mg), its efficiency depends on an undisturbed carbohydrate metabolism: fasting reduces the glucuronide synthesis to one fifth of the control values and alloxan-diabetes causes a decrease of thirty per cent. Intraperitoneal injection of glucose into fasting animals increases the glucuronide synthesis within two hours up to values near the normal.
The decline in the rate of glucuronide production cannot be accounted for by the concomitant decrease in testosterone reduction rate. In fasting animals the lowering of the glucuronide synthesis is more pronounced than the ring A reduction rate. On the basis of these facts it is suggested that in the reaction sequence, which proceeds via the formation of dihydro- and tetrahydrocompounds to steroid glucuronides, the transfer of glucuronic acid is the rate limiting step.
Obviously the fall in glucuronide synthesis is due to a decrease of liver glucose-6-phosphate and glycogen content, both of which may lead to a diminished supply of UDP-glucuronic acid.
Among the aglucones liberated following enzymatic hydrolysis of the chromatographically separated glucuronide fraction, testosterone amounts to only 5 ± 2.04% of the yield expected according to the glucuronic acid estimation. Most of the aglucone fraction consists of products from testosterone hydrogenation. A report dealing with their quantitative distribution and clarifying their chemical nature is in preparation.
DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF A NON-STEROID COMPOUND WITH ENDOCRINE ACTIONS, 14C-BIS(P-HYDROXYPHENYL)CYCLOHEXYLIDENEMETHANE (COMPOUND F6060) AND ITS DIACETATE (COMPOUND F6066)
Authors: Hanngren Å. , Einer-Jensen N. , Ullberg S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
While testing a series of unsymmetrical diphenylalkenes, it was observed that bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexylidenemethane (compound F6060) and its diacetate (compound F6066) had an oestrogenic activity of about 1/1000 that of oestradiol benzoate. Further pharmacological investigations showed antioestrogenic (chicken oviduct test) and antigestagenic (Clauberg test) properties. The compounds had a low toxicity both in acute and chronic tests.
In order to further elucidate the physiology of the compounds they were labelled with 14C and their distribution in the body was investigated by whole body autoradiography in male and female (pregnant and nonpregnant) mice.
A rapid and selective accumulation of both compounds was observed in the corpora lutea. A selective and progressively increasing accumulation was also seen in the visceral yolk sac epithelium. A slight accumulation was also found in the hypophysis, the adrenal cortex, the endometrium, the interstitial tissue of the testis and ovary, the epididymis and the mucosa of the seminal vesicles. No accumulation was found in the prostate. There was a very low concentration in the foetus during the whole course of observation. In addition to the radioactivity in the liver, bile and intestinal lumen, the only organs showing any retention 24 hours after administration were the corpora lutea and yolk sac epithelium.
The distribution pattern is in agreement with the physiological findings of an antigestagenic effect. The concentration in the yolk sac epithelium suggests further studies on the localization of the different steps in gestagen biosynthesis.
CORPUS LUTEUM ACTIVITY AFTER HYSTERECTOMY IN WOMEN
Authors: Andreoli Cesare 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of total abdominal hysterectomy on the corpus luteum activity in women has been investigated.
Urinary pregnane-3α,20α-diol determinations and vaginal smears indicated that hysterectomy performed on day 17–18 of the cycle caused a prolongation of the life span of a normally functioning corpus luteum, whereas hysterectomy performed during the last few days of the menstrual cycle did not affect the activity of the corpus luteum.
THE METABOLISM OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE IN VARIOUS ORGANS OF THE RAT
Authors: ElAttar Tawfik , Dirscherl Wilhelm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ten minutes after the intraperitoneal injection of dehydroepiandrosterone-7α-3H into a 45 day old male rat, testosterone was detected only in the testes as the primary metabolite. Aetiocholan-3α-ol-17-one was found in the liver, seminal vesicles and kidneys and unidentified polar compounds were found in all the organs investigated. No androst-4-ene-3,17-dione was detected in any of the organs as a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone and no testosterone in the testes following the injection of 4-14C-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione. The possible mechanism of the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone to testosterone is discussed.
»ENDEMIC COAST GOITRE« IN HOKKAIDO, JAPAN
Authors: Suzuki Hoji , Higuchi Tadashi , Sawa Kunio , Ohtaki Sachiya , Horiuchi Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A survey of goitre was made in the goitrous regions on the coast of Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan. Prevalence of goitre was confirmed in Hidaka coast and Rishiri Island. All goitrous patients were clinically euthyroid. The usual diet of the inhabitants of these districts consisted of a large quantity of iodine-rich seaweeds. Urinary excretion of iodine in five patients exceeded 20 mg per day.
Studies of 131I and 127I metabolism were performed both during ingestion and after restriction of seaweed. When the patients were taking their usual diet, the mean thyroidal 131I uptake in 57 patients was 9.6% at 3 hours and 11.7% at 24 hours. In five of seven patients plasma inorganic iodine and thyroidal iodine space were markedly increased. Significant discharge of thyroidal 131I followed administration of thiocyanate. After withdrawal of seaweed from their usual diet, the plasma inorganic iodine was below 2 μg/100 ml but the thyroidal stable iodine uptake was higher than normal, depending on increase in thyroidal 131I clearance rate. No discharge was shown by thiocyanate block.
Plasma PBI and thyronine-iodine level and serum T3 resin uptake were within the normal range. Radiochromatography of the thyroid tissue of the goitrous patients showed an increase in MIT/DIT ratio and a decrease in T3 + T4 proportion. No evidence for peripheral defect in DIT-131I deiodination was obtained. In a few patients restriction of seaweed induced a marked decrease in the size of goitre. The major cause of the endemic coast goitre seems to be excessive and longstanding intake of iodine from seaweed, and the similarities of iodine metabolism between the endemic coast goitre and iodide goitre arc discussed.
THE EFFECT OF INSULIN BINDING ANTIBODIES ON INSULIN-131I METABOLISM
Authors: Croughs R. J. M. , Maingay D. , Touber J. L. , de Ruyter H. A. , van Aalst R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Insulin-131I metabolism was studied in 10 patients receiving insulin therapy and in 12 untreated subjects (7 normal controls, 4 diabetics treated exclusively with oral hypoglycaemic agents and 1 untreated diabetic).
In the subjects not receiving insulin therapy, insulin-131I was rapidly accumulated in the liver and kidneys, and degradation was followed by rapid urinary excretion; in cases in which insulin therapy had induced antibody formation, degradation was inhibited.
In tracer studies using different animal insulins and human insulin, species-specific differences in combining with antibodies could be demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo.
ALDOSTERONE STIMULATION IN VITRO
Authors: Müller Jürg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An extract of human urine, which was previously shown to stimulate aldosterone production by rat adrenal sections, was further purified. Evidence was obtained that its aldosterone-stimulating effect was due to the presence of ammonium ions. Addition of ammonium chloride and of urine extract to the incubation medium caused identical increases in aldosterone production in vitro. In addition to ammonium ions, rubidium and caesium ions also stimulated aldosterone production up to 250% that of control values without a significant effect on corticosterone production. Similar dose-response curves were obtained when increasing concentrations of potassium, ammonium, rubidium and caesium ions were tested. Aldosterone production was maximal at concentrations of 7 mval/1 and was significantly lower at higher concentrations. When ammonium chloride and ACTH were simultaneously added to the incubation medium, the production of aldosterone and of corticosterone was lower than with ACTH alone. On the other hand, the stimulating activity on aldosterone and corticosterone production by »TPN« (NADP) and glucose-6-phosphate was enhanced by the simultaneous addition of ammonium chloride.
MODIFICATION OF MALE RAT REPRODUCTIVE TRACT DEVELOPMENT BY A SINGLE INJECTION OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH
Authors: Swanson H. E. , van der Werff ten Bosch J. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Administration of 500 μg testosterone propionate (TP) to male rats within a few days of birth was followed by a reduced rate of growth of the testes and, after initial stimulation, of the seminal vesicles and ventral prostate. While the testes and accessory organs remained permanently smaller in TP-treated rats than in controls, their growth rates showed pubertal accelerations which coincided with those in the controls. On the basis of these criteria, as well as the criterion of spermatogenesis, the time of puberty was not altered by early TP-administration. The weights of the accessory organs considered in relation to the weights of the testes were identical in TP-treated and control rats; testis tubule diameters in TP-treated rats were normal for the age.
It is concluded that early TP-administration caused a reduction in the volume of testicular tissue, which involved both tubules and Leydig cells. There were no indications that TP had caused any qualitative changes in the testes: the timing and the pattern of pubertal development (spermatogenesis and androgenic activity) appeared to be normal.
EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE AND OF AN ANABOLIC STEROID ON EXCRETION OF HYDROXYPROLINE IN THE URINE OF RATS
Authors: Kowalewski K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A bovine growth hormone and an anabolic steroid, methandrostenolone, were tested for their ability to stimulate collagen metabolism in rats. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, considered as an index of collagen metabolism, was determined prior to, during and after the treatment of animals with these hormones. Food intake and body weights were recorded daily in treated rats and in untreated controls.
A significant increase in body weight was observed in the treated rats as compared with the controls. Both hormones significantly stimulated the excretion of urinary hydroxyproline in rats. It is assumed that both hormones affect the excretion of hydroxyproline through its action on metabolically active soluble collagen, and through its stimulation of the turnover of mature collagen.
HORMONE THERAPY IN METASTATIC BREAST CANCER: CLINICAL RESPONSE AND URINARY GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Stewart J. G. , Skinner L. G. , O'Connor P. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The total urinary gonadotrophin output of a group of post menopausal women with metastatic breast carcinoma undergoing hormone therapy, which in every case initially consisted of treatment with diethylstilboestrol, DES (ca. 20 mg/d), has been studied for periods varying from seven months to 3½ years.
No correlation between gonadotrophin output and clinical response was found, except that in all cases showing objective regression urinary gonadotrophin remained low throughout the remission period. A low level of gonadotrophin output was not, however, necessarily indicative of a good clinical remission. Following withdrawal of DES, and independent of the period of therapy, recovery to pre-treatment levels was the rule rather than the exception.
A small group of patients maintained on a lower dose of DES (3–5 mg/d) showed the same degree of suppression of urinary output as those receiving 20 mg/d, and several of these exhibited objective remissions.
The study has emphasised the importance of site specificity in the response to hormone therapy, and underlines the difficulties of relating the clinical response of the patient as a whole to changes in hormonal environment.