bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesions to the medial preoptic nucleus affect immediate early gene immunolabeling in brain regions involved in song control and social behavior in male European starlings
Authors: Alger Sarah J. , Maasch Sarah N. , Riters Lauren V. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe medial preoptic nucleus (POM) is a brain region outside of the song control system of songbirds. It has been implicated in song production, sexual motivation, and the integration of both sensory and hormonal information with appropriate behavioral responses. The POM is well positioned neuroanatomically to interact with multiple regions involved in song, social behavior, and motivation. However, little is known about the brain regions with which the POM directly or indirectly communicates to influence song. To gain insight into the neuronal circuits normally activated in association with POM activity during male song, we compared activity within multiple brain regions using immunolabeling for protein products of immediate early genes (IEGs) zenk (aka egr‐1) and c‐fos (indirect markers of neuronal activity) in sham and POM‐lesioned male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). As compared to sham lesions, POM lesions disrupted song and interest in a nest box, and females responded less to POM‐lesioned males. POM lesions reduced numbers of IEG‐labeled cells and disrupted correlations between numbers of IEG‐labeled cells and song within several song control, limbic, hypothalamic and midbrain regions. These results are consistent with the possibility that the POM integrates activity among nuclei involved in song control, social behavior and motivational state that work in concert to promote sexually motivated communication.
The influence of learning on sleep slow oscillations and associated spindles and ripples in humans and rats
Authors: Mölle Matthias , Eschenko Oxana , Gais Steffen , Sara Susan J. , Born Jan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying off‐line consolidation of memory during sleep are elusive. Learning of hippocampus‐dependent tasks increases neocortical slow oscillation synchrony, and thalamocortical spindle and hippocampal ripple activity during subsequent non‐rapid eye movement sleep. Slow oscillations representing an oscillation between global neocortical states of increased (up‐state) and decreased (down‐state) neuronal firing temporally group thalamic spindle and hippocampal ripple activity, which both occur preferentially during slow oscillation up‐states. Here we examined whether slow oscillations also group learning‐induced increases in spindle and ripple activity, thereby providing time‐frames of facilitated hippocampus‐to‐neocortical information transfer underlying the conversion of temporary into long‐term memories. Learning (word‐pairs in humans, odor–reward associations in rats) increased slow oscillation up‐states and, in humans, shaped the timing of down‐states. Slow oscillations grouped spindle and rat ripple activity into up‐states under basal conditions. Prior learning produced in humans an increase in spindle activity focused on slow oscillation up‐states. In rats, learning induced a distinct increase in spindle and ripple activity that was not synchronized to up‐states. Event‐correlation histograms indicated an increase in spindle activity with the occurrence of ripples. This increase was prolonged after learning, suggesting a direct temporal tuning between ripples and spindles. The lack of a grouping effect of slow oscillations on learning‐induced spindles and ripples in rats, together with the less pronounced effects of learning on slow oscillations, presumably reflects a weaker dependence of odor learning on thalamo‐neocortical circuitry. Slow oscillations might provide an effective temporal frame for hippocampus‐to‐neocortical information transfer only when thalamo‐neocortical systems are already critically involved during learning.
Genetic and biochemical properties of an alkaline phosphatase PhoX family protein found in many bacteria
Authors: Zaheer Rahat , Morton Richard , Proudfoot Mike , Yakunin Alexander , Finan Turlough M. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryWe report on the biochemical, phylogenetic and genetic regulation of PhoX, the major alkaline phosphatase protein from the soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. The protein is shown to be a member of a recently identified family of PhoX alkaline phosphatase proteins that is distinct from the well‐characterized PhoA family. The mature S. meliloti PhoX protein is located in the periplasm and lacks a 76‐amino‐acid N‐terminal Tat signal peptide. Its phosphatase activity was stimulated by Ca+2 and was optimal at pH 9–11. Except for phytic acid and phosphatidic acid, the enzyme was active against a wide range of phosphorylated substrates (77 nucleotides, phosphorylated carbohydrates and amino acids) and thus exhibited low substrate specificity for C–O–P bonds. No C–P bond substrate was dephosphorylated while the protein was active with two of six phosphoramidate substrates (N–P bond) tested. Sinorhizobium meliloti phoX was induced when cells were starved for phosphorous and the induction was dependent on the PhoB‐regulatory protein. We demonstrate by in vitro analysis that PhoB protein binds to two tandem 22 nt PhoB binding sites located 64–21 nt upstream from the phoX transcription start site. Analysis of 95 PhoX orthologues from diverse bacteria revealed two distinct phylogenetic groups of PhoX proteins. The two groups differed in having a conserved glycine (PhoX‐I) or asparagine (PhoX‐II) next to their putative catalytic Ca+2 binding site. Analysis of the phoX promoter regions from many of these bacteria also revealed the presence of PhoB binding sites. Alkaline phosphatase proteins of either the PhoX or PhoA family (but rarely both) are found in many bacteria, thus it appears that these are functionally equivalent.
Salvage permanent perineal radioactive‐seed implantation for treating recurrence of localized prostate adenocarcinoma after external beam radiotherapy
Authors: Aaronson David S. , Yamasaki Ichiro , Gottschalk Alexander , Speight Joycelyn , Hsu I‐Chow , Pickett Barby , Roach Mack , Shinohara Katsuto 
Published: February 2009

OBJECTIVETo assess our experience with salvage permanent perineal radioactive‐seed implantation (SPPI) as a possible therapeutic option for recurrent prostate adenocarcinoma, as salvage therapies for recurrences after definitive external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate are associated with significant morbidity and biochemical failure.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively analysed on patients who had SPPI for localized recurrent prostate adenocarcinoma from 1996 to 2007 after primary treatment with EBRT. Excluded were patients who had other primary treatment or had no follow‐up. Primary outcomes were time to biochemical relapse‐free survival, using the Phoenix definition of a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) nadir +2 ng/mL, and cancer‐specific survival. Secondary outcomes were the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the International Index of Erectile Function‐5 score (IIEF‐5), and complications based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 3).RESULTSIn all, 37 patients had SPPI during this period; after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 remained for analysis. At the time of salvage therapy, the median time to the diagnosis of local recurrence was 49 months, the median PSA level was 3.36 ng/mL, the median PSA doubling time was 20 months, and all patients were clinically re‐staged at ≤T2 with negative transrectal ultrasonography and/or magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The original Gleason score was ≤6 in nine patients, 7 in eight and ≥8 in three (not recorded in two). The median follow‐up after SPPI was 30 months; the cancer‐free survival was 96% (one death) and biochemical relapse‐free survival was 88% (three patients). The PSA level was higher than the levels before SPPI at 3 months in all three failures, but lower in all 21 patients considered relapse‐free. Complications included one urethral stricture, one grade 3 rectal haemorrhage and five grade 2 gross haematuria that resolved with conservative management. Insufficient data were available to assess the IPSS or IIEF‐5 scores.CONCLUSIONWith a short‐term follow‐up SPPI appears to provide excellent prostate cancer control with an acceptable rate of complications for patients with local recurrence of prostate cancer after EBRT. An extended follow‐up is necessary to determine the long‐term durability and safety of SPPI.
Negative Emotional Reactions to Project Failure and the Self‐Compassion to Learn from the Experience
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Cardon Melissa S. 
Published: February 2009

abstractProject failure is likely to generate a negative emotional response for those involved in the project. But do all people feel the same way? And are some better able to regulate their emotions to learn from the failure experience? In this paper we develop an emotion framework of project failure that relies on self‐determination to explain variance in the intensity of the negative emotions triggered by project failure and self‐compassion to explain variance in learning from project failure. We discuss the implications of our model for research on entrepreneurial and innovative organizations, employees' psychological ownership, and personal engagement at work.
Creating opportunities for students in large cohorts to reflect in and on practice: Lessons learnt from a formative evaluation of students' experiences of a technology‐enhanced blended learning design
Authors: Cooner Tarsem Singh 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper examines BA Social Work students' experiences of developing their reflective skills to work with diverse communities using a technology‐enhanced blended learning design. In response to growing student numbers, new teaching and learning resources were developed to provide opportunities for students to engage in reflection‐in‐action at critical learning stages with the support of tutors and peers. It is suggested that access to online lectures, communications tools, a workbook (to record learning development) and online video case studies can encourage students to reflect‐on‐action, allowing them opportunities to reframe and reinterpret existing knowledge, values and beliefs to assess the impact these may have on their professional practice when working with diverse communities. To cater for an increase in student numbers, a rationale for the learning design is outlined, and the paper then explores the lessons learnt from the students' technology‐enhanced learning experiences.
Impact of Sibship Size, Birth Order and Sex Composition on School Enrolment in Urban Turkey*
Authors: Dayioğlu Meltem , Kirdar Murat G. , Tansel Aysit 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates, in a unified framework, the effects of sibship size, birth order and sibling sex composition on children's school enrolment in urban Turkey. We utilize an instrumental variable estimation method to address parents’ joint fertility and schooling decisions using twin births as instruments. We find no causal impact of sibship size on school enrolment. However, there is evidence for a parabolic impact of birth order where middle‐born children fare worse. Sex composition of siblings matters only for female children. Our finding that birth order and sibling sex composition matter more for poorer households suggests that scarce financial resources play an important role in bringing about the sibling composition effects.
Determining Citizen Satisfaction with Local Public Education in Indonesia: The Significance of Actual Service Quality and Governance Conditions
Authors: LEWIS BLANE D. , PATTINASARANY DAAN 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTIndonesians appear content with local public education, despite independent concerns about quality in the international context. Over 85 percent of respondents from the recent Governance and Decentralization Survey claim to be at least somewhat satisfied with primary school education. This study argues that the generally high levels of reported satisfaction are probably exaggerated because of courtesy bias, low expectations, and optimistic predispositions. Survey responses are best thought of as indicative of relative, and not absolute, levels of satisfaction. The empirical examination shows that objective measures of service quality and governance conditions are both significant determinants of the probability that households are satisfied with local public education. The significance of governance holds regardless of whether pertinent variables are assumed to be exogenous or whether they are specified as endogenously determined, although the endogenous specification performs much better, in general. The evidence suggests a cautious approach toward the use and interpretation of score card initiatives, which attempt to employ citizen satisfaction as a close proxy for actual quality of services, in nonrandom samples, and without controlling for other factors. In addition, the results provide a novel rationale for improving the local governance environment.
Education and Household Location in Chicago
Authors: SANDER WILLIAM , TESTA WILLIAM A. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the choice of residential location in the city of Chicago versus its suburban areas. Data from the 5 percent Public Use Microdata Sample from the 1990 and 2000 Census of Population and Housing are used. Particular attention is given to the effects of educational attainment. Place of work continues to dominate the residential location decision. However, conditioning on place of work, demographics, and income, educational attainment is found to be statistically significant in residential choice of the city versus the suburbs in 2000 for non‐Hispanic whites, especially those with graduate degrees. In contrast, more educated African‐Americans and Hispanics tend to locate in suburban areas.
‘Luctor et Emergo’
Authors: Rigano L. 
Published: February 2009

IFSCC Magazine, 11 (2008) (1) 5–9‘Luctor et emergo’ means to struggle, fight or wrestle in order to come up, win or just emerge and survive. It was adopted as a national motto by the Zeeland region in Holland to underline their daily battle with high tides. Indeed, this Latin motto effectively illustrates the struggle to make things work, that is to overcome all difficulties and hurdles and make everything flow smoothly at the end. Therefore, it applies appropriately to our subheading: ‘all battles and bridges between the language of marketing and product formulation’. What are the main causes of misunderstanding or hindrances between marketing and the formulator? Could common objectives overcome such gaps? How can we establish bridges with a view to enhancing creative cooperation? Finally, would it be possible to find solutions which can provide a mutual cross‐fertilization? The following humorous example will make the problem clear. The scene is a kitchen where we see an old and ugly couple. The husband asks his wife, who is holding a tin can: »Would you like some tuna fish?« She answers: »No, I would like to be naked in bed with Kevin Costner in Jamaica«. This is obviously a dialogue of the deaf, where both speak only apparently the same language. In fact, they fail to convey what they really mean. This signifies that they are not on the same wavelength, they do not refer to the same code of speech to communicate and it seems impossible for them to understand each other. How can we make ourselves understood when communication is sometimes so difficult and work out appropriate solutions when we put R&D and Marketing at two poles of a communication scheme?
Therapy makeup improves quality of life of patients with skin diseases – covering foundations created by integration of medical and beauty care for severe skin color problems
Authors: Sagehashi Y. , Ito A. , Ohtake T. , Nakamura M. , Yagi K. , Ogawa K. , Katsuyama T. , Yoshida M. , Oshiro K. , Aoki W. 
Published: February 2009

IFSCC Magazine, 11 (2008) (1) 11–18In collaboration with medical institutions, we have been providing makeup guidance to people with facial skin color problems under the name »therapy makeup«. The aim of therapy makeup is to reduce the anxiety and tension associated with the appearance of people with skin color problems and to provide psychological support, thereby helping them live more normal lives. Ota's nevus (blue birthmarks) and port‐wine stain (red birthmarks) the leading causes of abnormal skin coloration. We have already developed covering foundations for Ota's nevus and port‐wine stain using a light‐filtering technology. Another common cause of abnormal skin coloration is vitiligo (white patches). Vitiligo cannot be adequately covered by conventional cosmetic foundations. Therefore, we developed a new covering foundation for vitiligo based on optical characteristics. Moreover, the effects of makeup on the psychology of patients with vitiligo were objectively evaluated using psychometrically established quality of life indices. It was demonstrated that makeup helped to alleviate the psychological anxiety and tension of patients, resulting in improvement of social relationships and self‐esteem.The integration of medical care and beauty care enables therapy makeup to improve quality of life of patients with skin color disorders.
Small proteoglycans in the skin: new targets in the fight against skin aging
Authors: Pauly G. , Contet‐Audonneau J.‐L. , Moussou P. , Danoux L. , Bardey V. , Freis O. , Sabadotto M. , Wegrowski Y. , Maquart F.‐X. , Rathjens A. 
Published: February 2009

IFSCC Magazine, 11 (2008) (1) 21–29Proteoglycans take an important part in tissue homeostasis. In the skin, Proteoglycans are present in the extracellular matrix of dermis, particularly with lumican which plays an important role in dermal homeostasis. In the epidermis, several small proteoglycans such as the syndecans are synthesized and play an important role in keratinocyte activation. There is much data on the alteration during skin aging of the synthesis and structure of glycosaminoglycans and some proteoglycans but little information on small proteoglycans, in particular lumican and syndecan‐1.We recently observed a decrease in the synthesis of these two small proteoglycans with aging. We confirm in this work the decrease in lumican in dermis and syndecan‐1 in epidermis with aging. These proteoglycans represent original important targets for cosmetology in the fight against skin aging. In different in vitro models, two synthetic acetyl tetrapeptides, AcTP1 and AcTP2, stimulate the synthesis of lumican and syndecan‐1, respectively. The beneficial action of AcTP1 on skin thickness and firmness and of AcTP2 on epidermal cohesion has been confirmed in vivo.
J. Cosmet. Sci., 59, 105–115 (March/April 2008)  Influence of cellulose polymers on the semipermanent dyestuff process for yak hair: An analytical investigation
Authors: Ballarin B. , Galli S. , Morigi M. 
Published: February 2009

SynopsisThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of some cellulose polymers mixed in a semipermanent dyestuff on the dye uptake of yak hair fiber and color fading after repeated washing cycles. Two different classes of commercial polymers were tested: non‐ionic and cationic. Formulations based on a mixture of HC and basic dyes, with different molecular sizes, were employed as representative dyestuffs. UV‐Vis spectroscopy and colorimetric measurements were used to analyze the extracted dyes from the yak hair cuticle and cortex. The results obtained indicate that the presence of cationic polymers in the dye bath improves both the quality of the dyeing process and the anti‐fading effect during the first washing cycles.
J. Cosmet. Sci., 59, 151–156 (March/April 2008) Comparison of hair shaft damage after UVA and UVB irradiation
Authors: Jeon S.‐Y. , Pi L. Q. , Lee W.‐S. 
Published: February 2009

SynopsisSunlight, especially ultraviolet (UV) light‐induced hair damage is difficult to avoid during daily life. Concerns about the effects of ultraviolet light on hair are emerging recently. These photochemical changes mainly come from damage to hair proteins and melanins. In this study, we performed experiments to find the patterns of morphological and biochemical changes in UV‐light‐induced damage to hair by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and hair protein analysis. In our results, morphological damage is significant in UVB‐irradiated hairs, while biochemical changes are greater in UVA‐irradiated hairs. J. Cosmet. Sci.,
59, 157–158 (March/April 2008)Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists JapanVol. 41, No. 4, 2007* J. Cosmet. Sci.,
59, 159–161 (March/April 2008)International Journal of Cosmetic ScienceVol. 29, No 6, 2007* J. Cosmet. Sci.,
59, 163–164 (March/April 2008)IFSCC MagazineVol. 10, No. 4, 2007* J. Cosmet. Sci.,
59, 165–166 (March/April 2008)Journal of the Polish Society of Cosmetic Science“Wiadomos´ci PTK”Vol. 10, No. 4, 2007* J. Cosmet. Sci.,
59, 167–194 (March/April 2008)Papers Presented at the 2007 Annual Scientific Meeting and Technology Showcase(Friday's Program)December 6–7, 2007New York HiltonNew York, NY
Classification and design of teledermatology practice: What dermatoses? Which technology to apply?
Authors: Kanthraj GR 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDermatologists are mostly confined to urban regions and rural population is deprived of specialist care. Teledermatology Practice (TDP) is a solution to overcome this global problem. Tools for TDP includes video conference, store and forward, hybrid, mobile, satellite communication, integration model, nurse‐led teledermatology, teledermatology focusing on difficult‐to‐manage cases, teledermoscopy, and teledermatopathology with combined applications. This article reviews the feasibility studies focusing teledermatology tools and analyses the possible options in designing TDP. Categorizing dermatoses for TDP depends on the purpose and types of technology. The dermatoses presenting from a remote geographic regions requires any of the following approaches (i) only TDP, (b) initial TDP followed by face‐to‐face, (iii) initial face‐to‐face followed by TDP and (iv) only face‐to‐face examination. The technology should suit the dermatoses, meet the purpose, be cost‐effective and provide better management with follow‐up care. We recommend store and forward as a basic TDP model as most dermatoses are diagnosed and follow‐up care is delivered. Leprosy, pigmented skin lesions, leg ulcers, HIV and endemic dermatoses require screening and triage services using mobile teledermatology. Counselling and education require videoconference. Rural dermatology's camps require satellite communication mounted on a vehicle. Objective assessment (vitiligo and leg ulcer) after treatment requires integration model at a tertiary centre. Difficult‐to‐manage cases require second opinion using hybrid/store and forward TDP. Lower rural centre are provided with mobile/ store and forward teledermatology services. Selected or major community centre should be equipped with hybrid teledermatology and linked to a tertiary centre. This process helps healthcare administration to plan a TDP to cover all dermatoses, utilizing the available health care professional (HCP) and technology with minimum budget investment.Conflicts of interestNone declared.