bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical model for the prediction of dilute, three‐dimensional, turbulent fluid–particle flows, using a Lagrangian approach for particle tracking and a CVFEM for the carrier phase
Authors: Oliveira L. A. , Costa V. A. F. , Baliga B. R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA numerical model for dilute, three‐dimensional, turbulent, incompressible fluid–solid particle flows and its application to a demonstration problem are presented. An Eulerian description is used to model the flow of the fluid (carrier) phase, and the governing equations are solved using a control‐volume finite element method (CVFEM). The motion of the solid (particulate) phase is simulated using a Lagrangian approach. An efficient algorithm is proposed for locating the particles in the finite element mesh. In the demonstration problem, which involves a particle‐laden axisymmetric jet, a modified k–ε turbulence model is used to characterize the velocity and length scales of the turbulent flow of the fluid phase. The effect of turbulence on the particle trajectories is accounted for through a stochastic model. The effect of the particles on the fluid time–mean velocity and turbulence (two‐way coupling) is also addressed. Comparisons between predictions and available experimental data for the demonstration problem are presented. Satisfactory agreement is obtained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Somatosensory system in two types of motor reorganization in congenital hemiparesis: Topography and function
Authors: Wilke Marko , Staudt Martin , Juenger Hendrik , Grodd Wolfgang , Braun Christoph , Krägeloh‐Mann Ingeborg 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis study investigates the (re‐)organization of somatosensory functions following early brain lesions. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), passive hand movement was studied. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) were used as complementary methods. fMRI data was analyzed on the first level with regard to topographical variability; second‐level group effects as well as the overall integrity of the somatosensory circuitry were also assessed. Subjects with unilateral brain lesions occurring in the third trimester of pregnancy or perinatally with different types of motor reorganization were included: patients with regular, contralateral motor organization following middle cerebral artery strokes (CONTRAMCA, n = 6) and patients with reorganized, ipsilateral motor functions due to periventricular lesions (IPSIPL, n = 8). Motor impairment was similar, but sensory impairment was more pronounced in the CONTRAMCA group. Using fMRI and MEG, both groups showed a normal pattern with a contralateral somatosensory representation, despite the transhemispherically reorganized primary motor cortex in the IPSIPL group, as verified by TMS. Activation topography for the paretic hands was more variable than for the nonparetic hand in both groups. The cortico‐cerebellar circuitry was well‐preserved in almost all subjects. We conclude that in both models of motor reorganization, no interhemispheric reorganization of somatosensory functions occurred. Also, no relevant intrahemispheric reorganization was observed apart from a higher topographical variability of fMRI activations. This preserved pattern of somatosensory organization argues in favor of a differential lesion effect on motor and somatosensory functions and demonstrates a limited compensatory potential for the latter. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catastrophic medical payment and financial protection in rural China: evidence from the New Cooperative Medical Scheme in Shandong Province
Authors: Sun Xiaoyun , Jackson Sukhan , Carmichael Gordon , Sleigh Adrian C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective: To measure the impact of China's New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) on catastrophic medical payments of rural households in Linyi County, Shandong Province.Method: In 2005, from a stratified cluster sample of 3101 rural households, we identified 375 households that might be at risk of catastrophic payments by searching through NCMS claims and interviewing key informants. We interviewed these 375 households and confirmed that 231 had had catastrophic payments (≥ 40% of the households' capacity to pay; CTP) during 2004. A validity test of our screening method found another eight cases among immediate neighbours of these 375 households; by extrapolation, we obtained an adjusted total of 289 catastrophic households in the sample of 3101. We measured the impact of the NCMS on hardship alleviation by counterfactual analysis, comparing catastrophic payments before and after NCMS reimbursements.Result: The effect was twofold. Before NCMS intervention 8.98% of Linyi population had had catastrophic out‐of‐pocket payments compared with 8.25% after reimbursements. Catastrophic severity for households remaining in catastrophe after reimbursement dropped by 18.7% to an average of 6.34 times the household's CTP.Conclusion: Out‐of‐pocket medical payments remain a burden for rural households. Financial protection from the NCMS, with an average reimbursement of 17.8%, was modest and should be restructured to provide better benefits that are targeted to those in most need. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composite hemangioendothelioma of the oral cavity: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Fasolis Massimo , Iaquinta Caterina , Montesco Maria Cristina , Garzino‐Demo Paolo , Tosco Paolo , Tanteri Giulia , Bonandini Elena , Ninfo Vito , Berrone Sid 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundComposite hemangioendothelioma is a rare histopathologic feature, which is part of the hemangioendothelioma family. This is a heterogeneous group of vascular neoplasiae with a high tendency to local relapse but a rare predisposition to metastatic spread. Composite hemangioendothelioma mainly affects adults and is usually localized in the distal extremity of the limbs. To date, only 1 case has been detected in the oral cavity.MethodsA case of composite hemangioendothelioma in a 38‐year‐old man is reported. The lesion was localized in the left cheek vestibular mucosa. It was surgically excised with a 1‐cm safety margin. Reconstruction was performed with a platysma myocutaneous flap.ResultsAt present, the patient is free from recurrence. The aesthetic and functional outcomes are satisfactory.ConclusionThis case demonstrates how a composite hemangioendothelioma histological diagnosis can be difficult to achieve. Furthermore, therapy must be surgical and excision should be wide. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Right common carotid artery crossing the midline neck anterior to the trachea: A cadaver case report
Authors: Conoyer Ben M. , Varvares Mark A. , Cooper Margaret H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe course of the proximal common carotid artery is reasonably uniform. Its normal position is taken for granted when performing invasive procedures, but variations should be in back of the mind of the surgeon.MethodsThis is a case report from an anatomical dissection of the neck and mediastinum of a cadaver.ResultsThe right common carotid artery was the first branch of the aorta and ascended on the left side, anterolateral to the trachea. It crossed the midline anterior to the trachea between the sternal notch and the isthmus of the thyroid gland. Once on the right side, the artery resumed a normal course. A retro‐esophageal right subclavian artery was also found.ConclusionAnomalous variations in anatomy do occur, the possibilities of which the surgeon needs to be aware. This case illustrates a previously unreported anatomical anomaly that would clearly have had catastrophic consequences had this not been noted during surgery on the anterior neck. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Results of endoscopic resection followed by radiotherapy for primarily diagnosed adenocarcinomas of the paranasal sinuses
Authors: Bogaerts Sofie , Vander Poorten Vincent , Nuyts Sandra , Van den Bogaert Walter , Jorissen Mark 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundAdenocarcinoma is the most frequent histological subtype of paranasal sinus malignancy diagnosed in Belgium. Classical treatment consists of an external surgical approach (lateral rhinotomy with medial maxillectomy or craniofacial resection) followed by radiotherapy. The role, possibilities, and limitations of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are to date unknown.MethodsWe studied 44 patients with primary (not treated previously) adenocarcinoma treated with endoscopic sinus surgery and radiotherapy between 1992 and 2004.ResultsThe median follow‐up of the patients alive at the end of the study period was 36 months. For the 3‐year follow‐up, the overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and local control rate were 81%, 91%, and 73%, respectively. Corresponding rates for the 5‐year follow‐up were 53%, 83%, and 62%. Union Internationale Contre le Cancer T classification did not appear to influence these results.ConclusionsEndoscopic sinus surgery followed by radiotherapy for primary adenocarcinoma of the paranasal sinuses gives oncological results comparable to those of standard external approaches. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Lateral oromandibular defect: When is it appropriate to use a bridging reconstruction plate combined with a soft tissue revascularized flap?
Authors: Chepeha Douglas B. , Teknos Theodoros N. , Fung Kevin , Shargorodsky Josef , Sacco Assuntina G. , Nussenbaum Brian , Jones Lamont , Eisbruch Avraham , Bradford Carol R. , Prince Mark E. , Moyer Jeffrey S. , Lee Julia S. , Wolf Gregory T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundA quasi‐experimental retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate a new concept of free tissue volume restoration combined with bridging reconstruction plate (compartment approach) to reduce plate‐related complication rates.MethodsWe evaluated 40 patients with large lateral mandible defects and associated complex soft tissue defects reconstructed with a revascularized soft tissue flap and titanium hollow screw reconstruction plates. A case‐control comparison was performed based on reconstruction type: restoration of soft tissue defect (conventional approach—group 1) versus over‐reconstruction of soft tissue defect (compartment approach—group 2).ResultsPlate exposure rate was 6 of 16 (38%) in group 1 versus 2 of 24 (8%) in group 2, and the difference was statistically significant (p = .04). The mean time to exposure was 10 months. Plate fracture rate was 6 of 23 (26.1%) in dentulous patients versus 1 of 17 (5.9%) in edentulous patients. Gastrostomy tube dependence was 6 of 16 (38%) in group 1 versus 6 of 24 (25%) in group 2.ConclusionThe “compartment approach” reduces plate exposure rate and gastrostomy tube dependence. Revascularized osseocutaneous reconstruction is still required in dentulous patients. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Intraoperative radiation therapy as an “early boost” in locally advanced head and neck cancer: Preliminary results of a feasibility study
Authors: Marucci Laura , Pichi Barbara , Iaccarino Giuseppe , Ruscito Paolo , Spriano Giuseppe , Arcangeli Giorgio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe acute toxicity of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) delivered as an “early boost” after tumor resection in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer was evaluated.MethodsTwenty‐five patients were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent surgery with radical intent, and 17 had microvascular flap reconstruction. The IORT was delivered in the operating room. Twenty patients received adjuvant external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).ResultsFive patients experienced various degrees of complications in the postoperative period, all of which were treated conservatively. One patient had a partial flap necrosis after EBRT that was treated with flap removal. Six deaths were recorded during the mean follow‐up period of 8 months; none of the deaths were related to radiation treatment.ConclusionThis feasibility study shows that the use of IORT as an early boost is feasible with no increase in acute toxicity directly attributable to radiation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Pilot study: Volatile organic compounds as a diagnostic marker for head and neck tumors
Authors: Schmutzhard Joachim , Rieder Josef , Deibl Martina , Schwentner Ilona M. , Schmid Stefan , Lirk Philip , Abraham Irene , Gunkel Andreas R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundIn the last decade, the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) has undergone a rapid development. In this pilot study, patients with HNSCC were tested with a proton transfer reaction‐mass spectrometry in order to establish a minimal invasive screening method.MethodsOverall in a period of 2 years, 22 carcinoma patients were recruited for the study. All patients had a newly diagnosed histologically secured squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. These results were statistically compared with 3 control groups: healthy controls, high‐risk, and posttherapy patients.ResultsTwo hundred nine different masses were measured; 188 of these were evaluated. The statistical workup of the 4 study groups produced 42 different masses, which showed a statistically significant difference from the carcinoma group compared with the control groups.ConclusionA screening method for HNSCC using VOC seems to be possible, but further investigation is necessary. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Horizontal supraglottic partial laryngectomy for selected squamous carcinoma of the vallecula
Authors: Laccourreye Laurent , Garcia Dominique , Ménard Madeleine , Brasnu Daniel , Laccourreye Ollivier , Holsinger F. Christopher 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to determine the incidence of local control in patients with selected squamous carcinoma of the vallecula treated with horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy; to analyze the consequences of local recurrence in terms of nodal recurrence, distant metastasis, survival, causes of death, overall local control, and laryngeal preservation; and to identify any clinical factors predictive of these outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective nonrandomized case series in a university teaching hospital. An inception cohort of 95 previously untreated patients were followed until death or for a minimum of 5 years. According to the 2002 Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) staging classification system, the tumor was classified as T1, T2, and T3 in 13, 60, and 22 patients, respectively, while disease in 67 patients was considered to be in stages III to IV. All patients underwent a horizontal partial supraglottic partial laryngectomy. Ninety‐four patients had an associated neck dissection. An induction chemotherapy regimen was used in 91 patients; postoperative radiation therapy was given for 49 patients. The main outcome measures were local recurrence, nodal recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival.ResultsThe 1‐, 3‐, and the 5‐year actuarial survival estimates were 86.3%, 64.2%, and 47.4%, respectively. Overall, the main causes of death were as follows: metachronous second primary tumor (47.2% of patients), intercurrent disease (16.7%), distant metastasis (15.3%), local recurrence (6.3%), and nodal recurrence, (4.2%). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year actuarial local recurrence rates were 4.5%, 11%, and 11%, respectively. Nine patients developed a local recurrence; 3 were successfully salvaged. Using multivariate analysis, no single variable was found to increase the risk for local recurrence. The overall laryngeal preservation rate and local control rate were 89.5% (85/95) and 93.4% (89/95), respectively. Local recurrence was associated with a significant increase in nodal recurrence (p <.04) and distant metastasis (p = .03).ConclusionsBased on this experience, horizontal partial supraglottic laryngectomy appears to be a valid approach for functional organ‐preservation in patients with selected T1–T3 SCC of the vallecula. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Outcomes following reirradiation of patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Goldstein David P. , Karnell Lucy Hynds , Yao Min , Chamberlin G. Parker , Nguyen Thanh X. , Funk Gerry F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundThis study reports the outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer who received reirradiation with palliative or curative intent.MethodsA retrospective review of 41 patients treated with curative (n = 28) or palliative (n = 13) reirradiation was conducted. Survival was calculated from the start of the reirradiation. Radiation‐related toxicities were classified according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. Disease‐related problems included adverse events during or after reirradiation that were not directly related to reirradiation.ResultsThe observed 1‐year survival for all patients was 39.0% (23.0% palliative, 46.3% curative). Median survival for all patients was 10.2 months. Seventy‐five percent of curative and 53.8% of palliative patients had grade 3 or 4 radiation‐related toxicities and/or major disease‐related problems.ConclusionA second course of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer should be offered with a clear understanding that survival is poor and many of these patients will suffer severe radiation‐related or disease‐related insults to their quality of life during and after treatment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma: diagnosis and treatment cues
Authors: Suzuki Ritsuro , Takeuchi Kengo , Ohshima Koichi , Nakamura Shigeo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractExtranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) is mostly endemic to East Asia. It predominantly occurs in the nasal or paranasal areas and less frequently in the skin. Most of the tumours show NK‐cell, but rarely T‐cell, phenotypes. The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) genome can be usually detected in lymphoma cells. Geographic localization of ENKL matches the endemic distribution of EBV, suggesting that EBV plays an important role in lymphomagenesis. Originally, NK‐cell and T‐cell types were believed to present the same clinicopathologic characteristics, but recent data suggest more aggressive characteristics for the NK‐cell phenotype. Although ENKL is sensitive to radiotherapy, it shows a poorer response to chemotherapeutic agents than other lymphomas due to expression of p‐glycoprotein. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches must be considered. Several new clinical trials are now being conducted in East Asia. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical behavior of hydroxyapatite biomaterials: An experimentally validated micromechanical model for elasticity and strength
Authors: Fritsch Andreas , Dormieux Luc , Hellmich Christian , Sanahuja Julien 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA) biomaterials production has been a major field in biomaterials science and biomechanical engineering. As concerns prediction of their stiffness and strength, we propose to go beyond statistical correlations with porosity or empirical structure–property relationships, as to resolve the material‐immanent microstructures governing the overall mechanical behavior. The macroscopic mechanical properties are estimated from the microstructures of the materials and their composition, in a homogenization process based on continuum micromechanics. Thereby, biomaterials are envisioned as porous polycrystals consisting of HA needles and spherical pores. Validation of respective micromechanical models relies on two independent experimental sets: biomaterial‐specific macroscopic (homogenized) stiffness and uniaxial (tensile and compressive) strength predicted from biomaterial‐specific porosities, on the basis of biomaterial‐independent (“universal”) elastic and strength properties of HA, are compared with corresponding biomaterial‐specific experimentally determined (acoustic and mechanical) stiffness and strength values. The good agreement between model predictions and the corresponding experiments underlines the potential of micromechanical modeling in improving biomaterial design, through optimization of key parameters such as porosities or geometries of microstructures, in order to reach the desired values for biomaterial stiffness or strength. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Effect of adding sodium hexametaphosphate liquefier on basic properties of calcium phosphate cements
Authors: Hesaraki S. , Zamanian A. , Moztarzadeh F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSodium hexametaphosphate (Na‐HMP) is a common liquefying agent widely used in the ceramics industry for modifying the rheological behavior of ceramic slurries. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Na‐HMP on several properties of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs). Various types of CPCs were prepared by mixing the same powder, namely, a mixture of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrate, with various liquids, namely, distilled water, Na2HPO4 solutions, and Na‐HMP solutions. The setting time, mechanical strength, rheological properties, and injectability of the cement pastes were examined in this work. Also, X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were employed for phase analysis and morphological evaluations, respectively. The results showed that, compared to CPCs made with water and Na2HPO4 solutions, the CPC pastes made with Na‐HMP solutions had improved stability and injectability but prolonged setting times. The XRD and SEM studies showed that Na‐HMP inhibited the growth of apatite crystals during soaking of the cements in Ringer's solution. Thus, the CPC made with Na‐HMP solution had lower compressive strength than those made with water or Na2HPO4 solutions. Although Na‐HMP could improve the injectability and stability of the CPC paste, it impaired other basic properties of the cement. Thus, it is not an appropriate liquefier additive. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2009
Side effects of a non‐peroxide‐based home bleaching agent on dental enamel
Authors: Wang Xiaojie , Mihailova Boriana , Klocke Arndt , Fittschen Ursula E. A. , Heidrich Stefanie , Hill Mathias , Stosch Rainer , Güttler Bernd , Broekaert José A. C. , Bismayer Ulrich 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChanges in the chemistry and structure of enamel due to a non‐peroxide‐based home bleaching product (Rapid White) were studied in vitro using attenuated total reflectance‐infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, and total reflection X‐ray fluorescence. The results revealed that the citric‐acid‐containing gel‐like component of the bleaching system substantially impacts on the dental hard tissue. Enamel is affected on several levels: (i) the organic component is removed from superficial and deeper enamel layers and remnants of the bleaching gel are embedded in the emptied voids; (ii) cracks and chemical inhomogeneities with respect to Ca and P occur on the surface; and (iii) within a submicron layer of enamel, the CaO bond strength in apatite decreases, thus enhancing calcium leakage from the bleached enamel hard tissue. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009