bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p53 and bcl‐2 expression do not correlate with prognosis in primary cutaneous large T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: van Haselen Christian W. , Vermeer Maarten H. , Toonstra Johan , van der Putte Sebastian C. J. , Mulder P G. H. , van Vloten Willem A. , Willemze Rein 
Published: April 2006

Overexpression of p53 protein in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) has been reported in primary cutaneous large T‐cell lymphomas (PCLTCL) and has been associated with tumor progression and transformation in mycosis fungoides. However, the prognostic significance of p53 expression has not been studied thus far. In the present study we investigated the expression of p53 as well as bcl‐2 protein in 27 PCLTCL, including 19 CD30‐positive and 8 CD30‐negative lymphomas, retrieved from the registry of the Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Working Group.The results were correlated with follow‐up data and proliferative activity, as assessed by the percentage of MIB‐1 positive tumor cells.Overexpression of p53 protein, defined as nuclear staining of more than 5% of the tumor cells, was found in 10 of 27 cases (37%), including 6 of 19 (32%) CD30+lymphomas and 4 of 8 (50%) CD30–PCLTCL. bcl‐2 protein was expressed in 6 of 19 (32%) CD30+lymphomas and in only 1 of 8 (12%) CD30–PCLTCL. However, no significant correlation between p53 or bcl‐2 expression and prognosis was found, neither in the whole group, nor within the CD30+ or CD30– group. In addition, no relationship between p53 expression and proliferative activity was found. The results confirm that p53 expression is more common in PCLTCL than in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. However, neither p53 nor bcl‐2 expression correlated with survival or proliferative activity.
Glomangiosarcoma of the lower limb: a case report with a literature review
Authors: López‐Ríos Fernando , Rodríguez‐Peralto José Luis , Castaño Esther , Ballestín Claudio 
Published: April 2006

Glomangiosarcoma (GS) is a very unusual but morphologically distinctive tumor of soft tissue. We report a case of GS which occurred in the subcutaneous tissue of a 56‐year‐old man. Microscopically, a typical glomus tumor surrounded a central area of sarcoma. Immunohistochemical stains were performed, and there was a strong positive reaction for vimentin, muscle‐specific actin and smoth muscle actin.We also review the clinicopathologic findings of the 9 GS that have previously been reported.
Distinctive clinicopathologic features associated with regressive primary CD30 positive cutaneous lymphomas: analysis of 6 cases
Authors: Bernier Michèle , Bagot Marline , Broyer Murielle , Farcet Jean‐Pierre , Gaulard Philippe , Wechsler Janine 
Published: April 2006

A distinct group of cutaneous lymphomas has been described on the basis of CD30 antigen expression by at least 75% of the tumoral cells. When confined to the skin, these CD30 positive cutaneous lymphomas seem to be associated with a better prognosis than CD30 negative counterparts and spontaneous regression may even occur.We observed a spontaneously regressive evolution in 6 out of 9 CD30 positive primary cutaneous large cell‐lymphomas diagnosed during a 5‐year period. Clinicopathological data of regressive cases were analysed. The mean age of patients was 56.5 years. They were 3 males and 3 females. Skin lesions were solitary nodule or plaque measuring from 1.5 cm to 11 cm in diameter. Histologically, the lesions were classified as pleomorphic, medium and large cell (5 cases) or large cell anaplastic lymphoma (1 case) according to the updated Kiel classification. Delay for spontaneous regression varied from 1 to 6 months. Three of the 6 patients had cutaneous relapses, followed by a spontaneous regression. All patients remained disease‐free with an overall median follow‐up of 30 months. Histologically, some distinctive signs such as epidermal pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, epidermotropism, edema, dermal vascular hyperplasia, seemed to be more frequently associated with spontaneously regressive evolution.
Detection of numerical chromosomal aberrations in malignant melanomas using fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Matsuta Mayumi , Imamura Yuko , Matsuta Morimasa , Sasaki Kohsuke , Kon Saiichi 
Published: April 2006

To evaluate the numerical chromosomal aberration i malignant melanoma, we have applied fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with repetitive DNA probes specific for chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 17 on 24 fresh malignant melanomas (primary: 14, metastatic: 8).We defined a tumor that had copies with more than 3 spots as chromosomal gain. Chromosomal copy number gain was found in 40.9% of the cases for chromosome 7, 27.2% for chromosome 6, 27.2% for chromosome 17, 22.7% for chromosome 9 and 10, and 4.5% for chromosome I. Monosomy was found in 54.5% of the cases for chromosome 10, 36.5% for chromosome 9, 27.2% for chromosome 6, 22.7% for chromosome17, and 18.1% for chromosome 1 and 7 The most frequent numerical alterations were seen in chromosomes 6, 7, 9 and 10.Gain of chromosome 6 and 7 and/or losses of chromosome 9 and 10 may play an important role in the tumorigenesis and development of malignant melanomas.
Expression of CD44 isoforms and β1,6‐branched oligosaccharides in human malignant melanoma is correlated with tumor progression but not with mettastatisc potential
Authors: Seelentag Walter K.F. , Böni Roland , Günthet Ursuls , Futo Eva , Burg Günther , Heitz Philippu U. , Roth Jürgen 
Published: April 2006

CD44, a family of closely related glycoproteins generated by alternative splicing, as well as the increased β1,6‐branching of Asn‐linked oligosaccharides (β1,6‐branches), have been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. We have investigated the expression of CD44 standard (CD44s), various CD44 splice variants (CD44v3,‐ v4,‐ v5,‐ v6 and‐ v9), and of β1,6‐branches in a total of 37 paraffin‐embedded human primary melanomas and metastases.Out of the 28 studied primary melanomas, 27 were positive for CD44s, 21 for CD44v5 (cytoplasmic staining) and 26 for β1,6 branches. Furthermore, superficial spreading melanomas showed a significant (p=0.004) stronger staining for CD44s than the thick (> 1.5 mm) nodular melanomas, whereas no significant difference was found with regard to staining for CD44v5 and β1,6‐branches. Eight of the 9 studied melanoma metastases were positive for CD44s, 6 for CD44v5 (cytoplasmic staining) and 7 for β1,6‐branches. No CD44v3, ‐v4, ‐v6 and ‐v9 could be detected in any of the tumors. On average, metastases as compared to primary tumors, exhibited a significant (p=0.002) weaker staining for CD44s. However, metastasizing melanomas could not be distinguished from non‐metastasizing ones based on CD44 immunostaining.
I‐J as an Inducible T Cell Receptor for Self
Authors: Tada Tomio , Uracz Wojciech , Abe Ryo , Asano Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2006

“Jedenfalls, wenn man davorsteht, dann sieht man sich selbstaber eben nicht wie in einem gewöhnlichen Spiegel, versteht sich. Man sieht nicht sein Äusseres, sondern man sieht sein wahres inneres Wesen. so wie es in Wirklichkeit beschaffen ist. Wer da durch will, der muß ‐ um es mal so auszudrücken ‐in sich selbst hineingehen.”Die undendliche Geschichte, bei Michael Ende, K. Thiehemanns Verlag, Stuttgart, 1979.
Distinctive Developmental Origins and Specificities of Murine CD5+ B Cells
Authors: Hardy Richard R. , Carmack Condie E. , LI YUE Sheng , Hayakawa Kyoko 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYCD5+ B cells constitute a small fraction of cells in the spleen of adult mice that exhibit numerous features serving to distinguish them from the bulk of IgD++CD5−“conventional” B cells. In this review we focus on two major questions relating to this population: 1) the relationship of CD5+ B cells to other B cells; and 2) the distinctive enrichment of particular autoreactive specificities in this subset. The nature of their origins is clarified by a thorough analysis of intermediate stages of early B‐cell development in both fetal and adult tissues. The reactivity to bromeliad‐treated mouse red blood cells serves as a prototype system for the investigation of biased specificities in CD5+ B cells. These lines of investigation lead us to propose that CD5+ B cells in the adult are the remnant of a distinct fetal B‐cell differentiation pathway wherein selection of cells from this fetal/neonatal population into the adult long‐lived pool results in the over‐expression of certain germline‐encoded autoreactivities.
The Potential Roles of Endogenous Retroviruses in Autoimmunity
Authors: Nakagawa Kaku , Harrison Leonard C. 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYEndogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are estimated to comprise up to 1% of human DNA. While the genome of many ERVs is interrupted by termination codons, deletions or frame shift mutations, some ERVs are transcriptionally active and recent studies reveal protein expression or particle formation by human ERVs.ERVs have been implicated as aetiological agents of autoimmune disease, because of their structural and sequence similarities to exogenous retroviruses associated with immune dysregulation and their tissue‐specific or differentiation‐dependent expression. In fact, retrovirus‐like particles distinct from those of known exogenous retroviruses and immune responses to ERV proteins have been observed in autoimmune disease. Quantitatively or structurally aberrant expression of normally cryptic ERVs, induced by environmental or endogenous factors, could initiate autoimmunity through direct or indirect mechanisms.ERVs may lead to immune dysregulation as insertional mutagens or cis‐regulatory elements of cellular genes involved in immune function. ERVs may also encode elements like tax in human T‐lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV‐I) or tat in human immunodeficiency virus‐I (HIV‐I) that are capable of transactivating cellular genes. More directly, human ERV gene products themselves may be immunologically active, by analogy with the superantigen activity in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of mouse mammary tumour viruses (MMTV) and the non‐specific immunosnppressive activity in mammalian type C retrovirus env protein. Alternatively, increased expression of an ERV protein, or expression of a novel ERV pro‐tissue the result could be autoimmune disease. The adjective, paraneoplastic, would only seem appropriate if autoimmunity and tumour were temporally associated. Thus, ERVs could be viewed as being at the interface between tumour immunity and autoimmunity, the pivotal balance depending on the prevailing overlap between 'self and‘non‐self. Although pure speculation, this hypothesis is consistent with the emerging body of molecular evidence that ERVs play a key role in regulating immune functions in health and disease.
Cords, channels, corridors and conduits: critical architectural elements facilitating cell interactions in the lymph node cortex
Authors: Gretz J. Elizabeth , Anderson Arthur O. , Shaw Stephen 
Published: April 2006

Summary: The lymph node cortex is a critical site for encounter between recirculating T cells and their specific antigens. Due to its extreme plasticity, little is understood of the underlying functional unit of the lymph node cortex, the paracortical cord. The idealized paracortical cord (approximately 100 nm by 1000 μm) stretches from a medullary cord to the base of a B‐cell follicle. In cross‐section, a cord can be visualized as a set of nested cylinders consisting of spaces bounded by cells. The spaces are: i) the lumen of the high endothelial venule (HEV), ii) perivenular channels ‐ narrow potential spaces (0.1 μm) tightly encircling the HEV, iii) corridors – broad spaces (10–15 μm) constituting the majority of the parenchyma, and iv) the cortical sinus. In addition to these spaces for cell traffic, the conduit (fifth space) is a special delivery system for the transit of soluble factors to the HEV and emigrating lymphocytes. The cellular barriers between these spaces are high endothelium, tibroblastic reticular cells, or sinus‐lining cells. This review describes the spaces of the paracortical cord and their cellular boundaries, outlines the movement of cells and fluids through these spaces, and discusses how this anatomy affects the efficiency of surveillance by T cells.
Primate pulp response to an ultraviolet light cured restorative material
Authors: Stanley H. R. , Myers C. L. , Heyde J. B. , Chambfrlain J. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract. The present toxicity study investigated the pulpal response of an experimental u.v. light cured composite product as a Class V restorative material. Seventy‐eight Class V cavities were prepared on the buccofacial surfaces of cynomolgus monkeys using a high‐speed, air‐water spray cutting technique. The experimental product was compared to a self‐curing composite resin and a zinc oxide and eugenol formula. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 14 and 60 days.All categories exhibited about the same minimal degree of pulpal response at the three‐day post‐operative interval. However, focal hemorrhage occurred in 80% of the u.v. light cured resin category. After 60 post‐operative days, the u.v. cured resin specimens presented persistent or increasing responses as compared to the specimens treated with either a self‐curing composite resin or zinc oxide and eugenol.Should this u.v. light cured resin be used as a restorative material such as employed in this study, a calcium hydroxide liner is suggested in order to minimize the pulpal responses observed 60 days post‐operatively.
Metabolic pathways and control mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis and turnover of collagen in normal and pathological connective tissues
Authors: Nimni Marcel E. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.The biosynthesis of collagen molecules and their subsequent assembly into fibers involves a complex series of post‐ribosomal modifications which occur intracellularly and extracellularly. Some of these subtle alterations lead to the formation of intramolecular and intermolecular cross‐links, whereas others seem to dictate the 3‐dimensional organization of the collagen fibers. For their normal function, tissues require an optimum amount of collagen and proteoglycans. Such a balance coupled with specificity built into collagen seems to assure adequate function. Changes in the rates of synthesis, turnover or transcription of genetic information which affect the type of collagen deposited at a particular site may lead lo a stale of disease.It is hoped that our current understanding of such mechanisms, coupled with our ability to inhibit or accelerate some of these processes, will allow us lo effectively control the metabolism of connective tissues.
Pulpal response to a new composite dental restorative material
Authors: Retief D. H. , Cleaton‐Jones P. E. , Austin J. C. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract. A new composite restorative material, Enamelite, has recently been introduced for the conservative treatment of cervical erosion and hypoplastic enamel surfaces. The pulpal response elided by the restorative material was investigated in teeth of the vervet monkey and compared to a modified zinc oxide‐eugenol cement.Buccal or labial Class V cavities were prepared in 128 teeth in six vervet monkeys. The teeth in contralateral segments were restored with the restorative and control materials, respectively. The experimental animals were killed at 4, 14 and 42 days.The restorative and control materials exhibited about the same minimal degree of cellular displacement and inflammatory response at each of the three postoperative time intervals.The percentage of specimens with reparative dentin increased progressively with time. At all three intervals the restorative material elicited a greater response than the control zinc oxide‐eugenol cement.The results suggest that the clinical application of the restorative material on cervical eroded or hypoplastic enamel surfaces without a protective lining is a safe procedure.
Ultrastructural aspects of chronic oral candidosis
Authors: Mohamed Abdel‐M. H. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.Human biopsy specimens from white patches on the mucosae of tongue and lips which had previously given positive cultures for Candida albicans were examined. The specimens were processed for electron microscopy by conventional techniques.The fine structure of the superficial layer of the epithelium revealed Candida albicans in extra‐ and intracellular sites. Penetration into the deeper layers was not observed. The fungus had a thick cell wall surrounded by an outer floccular layer. The cytoplasm of the superficial epithelial cells showed degenerative changes and fragmentation of tonofilaments in the immediate vicinity of the fungus. Microabscesses, formed by pools of neutrophils, were common in the upper spinous layer. In places, fungi and bacteria appear to have been phagocytosed by neutrophils and macrophages. The cells of the lower spinous and basal layers showed detachment of desmosomes, marked increase in intracellular glycogen, prominent lysosome‐like dense bodies and abundant mitochondria of differing shapes. At the epithelial‐connective tissue junction, fine filaments and collagen fibrils were intermingled throughout the basal lamina, forming multiple, highly electron‐dense layers. A noticeable change in the connective tissue was the accumulation of numerous mast cells containing differently shaped granules filled with scrolls and dense strands of granular material. The terminal blood vessel exhibited leakage and numerous, concentric duplications of the basal lamina.
An ultrastructural study of the effects of x‐irradiation on the oral epithelium of the rat: Qualitative aspects
Authors: Liu H. M. , Meyer J. , Waterhouse J. P. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.Adult male rats of Simonsen strain were given a dose of 5000 r at 50 peak KV of x‐irradiation directed at the lower lip, which was everted through a hole in a lead rubber cylinder shielding the head and body of the animal. Light and electron microscopic observations were made on specimens of lip oral mucosa from animals killed at 2, 6, 26 and 50 h and at 12 days after irradiation. The experimental model met the aim of permitting the study of the sequential effects of a high dose of irradiation without causing ulceration of the mucosa.Widespread degenerative changes were noted in the basal cells as early as 2 h after x‐irradiation, increasing in degree up to 50 h. They included inflation of the outer nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with loss of ribosomes, swelling of mitochondria and disarrangement of cristae evident at 2 h, followed at 6 h by swelling of nucleus and cytoplasm and 26 h by frank membrane breaks. Irreversible degrees of damage were noted in a small though growing minority of cells. Immediate mobilization of the Golgi‐lysosomal system was evident as an increase in size of the zone, maximal at 2 h, and subsequent autophagic activity. Signs of recovery, beginning at 26 h, were noted in nuclear envelope, RER, intercellular space, and in mitotic activity by 50 h. Virtually complete recovery was seen at 12 days.It is held that the successful confinement of irradiation to a small tissue volume, the effective activity of the lysosomal system and the short epithelial turnover time were important factors in limiting the damage and in permitting recovery.
Experimentally induced cleft palates and prophylactic studies in Swiss mice
Authors: Metah Date , Reznik Gerd , Schilegel Dieter 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.In order to examine its prophylaetic eflect, Aetihaemyl® (Solcoseryl®) was administered to pregnant Swiss mice at various intervals before and after i. p. treatment with 30 mg/kg b. w. Endovan®: the optimal time for administration of the latter was found to be the 11.5.th day of pregnancy. A significant reduction (P≤0.01) of the rate of experimentally induced cleft malformations, as well as other types of abnormalities of the head area, was demonstrated in comparison to the control groups. These results were even more pronounced when the mother animals were treated in the following manner: 1/10 LD50 (19.7 ml kg b. w.) of Actihaemy® 1 day. 10 and 5 min before Endoxan, followed by similar closes 5, 10 min and 2 days afterwards. Three prophylactic groups, from a total of 20, demonstrated a significant (P≤0.01) reduction in the cleft palate rate. Three additional groups showed reductions of more than 60(illegible) of enophthalmuses and over 25 (illegible) of encephaloceles.
Tongue muscle regeneration
Authors: Yarom R. , Helino I. , Dorman A. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.Rat's tongues were injured by cold and the reactive processes were observed by light and electron microscopy. Injured animals and untreated controls were injected with aurothiomalate and the cells in tongue muscles which contained gold were observed after increasing injection‐sacrifice time intervals.In the very rapid regeneration, gold‐containing macrophage‐like cells fused with each other and with well preserved parts of myofibers. The selectivity of gold localization suggested, at least morphologically, a macrophage to myoblast development. The possible factors affecting the rate of muscle regeneration have been discussed with special reference to the nature of the injurious stimulus and the type of cellular response.
The carbonate and fluoride in surfaces of remineralized enamel
Authors: Feagin F. , Thiradilok S. , Aponte‐Merced L. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.Analyses were made of samples of surface enamel collected before and after acid demineralization and after subsequent remineralization in solutions containing calcium and phosphate and various levels of bicarbonate and fluoride ions. Demineralization caused a preferential loss of carbonates. Remineralization was increased by both fluoride and bicarbonate ions. With no bicarbonate in the calcifying solution, 0.25 to 4.0 mM NaF increased mineral formation and thereby caused a relative reduction of its carbonate content. With 0.5 mM NaF (10 ppm F−) and 5, J5, and 25 mM HCO−3, in remineralizing solutions more carbonate was deposited than in the absence of NaF. Five and 15 mM HCO−3 increased, but 25 mM HCO−3 decreased, deposit of fluoride in enamel.
The relation of lipids to the mineral components in salivary calculi
Authors: Anneroth G. , Eneroth C‐M. , Isacsson G. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.Using lipid histochemical and microradiographic methods, the distribution of lipids and the inorganic component in different areas of salivary calculi was investigated. Two main groups of lipids were found, i.e. hydrophilic phospholipids and hydrophobic lipids. The hydrophilic phospholipids were shown to be composed mainly of phosphosphingosides and of the hydrophobic lipids cholesterol was demonstrated.Phosphosphingosides were localized in more or less lamellar zones as also in large homogeneous areas. In some cases the calculi were surrounded by a structureless non‐mineralized zone exhibiting a strongly positive reaction for phosphosphingosides. Cholesterol was found in isolated band‐formed areas. Phosphosphingosides and cholesterol were especially prevalent in areas showing a low or slight degree of mineralization.In areas showing a high degree of mineralization the corresponding lipids gave a weak or absent histochemical reaction. After EDTA‐decalcification, however, an increase in the concentration of lipid was noticed in high mineralized areas, indicating a masking process.The influence of various factors on the presence and distribution of different lipids was discussed.
Atrophic lesions of the tongue among diabetic outpatients: their incidence and regression
Authors: Farman Allan G. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.A review of 121 diabetic outpatients over periods of 3 months to 1 year revealed that, while some cases of glossal central papillary atrophy persist, others regress. The incidence of new cases maintained the prevalence at a relatively constant level.