bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermomechanical properties, collapse pressure, and expansion of shape memory polymer neurovascular stent prototypes
Authors: Baer Géraldine M. , Wilson Thomas S. , Small Ward , Hartman Jonathan , Benett William J. , Matthews Dennis L. , Maitland Duncan J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractShape memory polymer stent prototypes were fabricated from thermoplastic polyurethane. Commercial stents are generally made of stainless steel or other alloys. These alloys are too stiff and prevent most stent designs from being able to navigate small and tortuous vessels to reach intracranial lesions. A solid tubular model and a high flexibility laser etched model are presented. The stents were tested for collapse in a pressure chamber. At 37°C, the full collapse pressure was comparable to that of commercially available stents, and higher than the estimated maximum pressure exerted by intracranial arteries. However, there is a potential for onset of collapse, which needs further study. The stents were crimped and expanded, the laser‐etched stent showed full recovery with an expansion ratio of 2.7 and a 1% axial shortening. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Direct and tumor microenvironment mediated influences of 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐(methylthio)adenosine on tumor progression of malignant melanoma
Authors: Stevens Axel P. , Spangler Barbara , Wallner Susanne , Kreutz Marina , Dettmer Katja , Oefner Peter J. , Bosserhoff Anja K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRecent studies have shown that a loss of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) gene expression exerts a tumor‐promoting effect, including induction of invasiveness, enhanced cell proliferation, and resistance against cytokines. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. Since the loss of MTAP expression resulted in induced secretion of 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐(methylthio)adenosine (MTA), we hypothesized that MTA might modulate the observed effects. We first determined MTA levels produced by tumor cells in vitro and in situ by means of stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Subsequently, we revealed induction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and growth factor gene expression in melanoma cells accompanied by enhanced invasion and vasculogenic mimicry. In addition, MTA induced the secretion of basis fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and MMP3 from fibroblasts and the upregulation of activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) activity in melanoma cells and fibroblasts. In summary, we demonstrated a tumor‐supporting role of MTA. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 210–219, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IL‐1β induces urokinse‐plasminogen activator expression and cell migration through PKCα, JNK1/2, and NF‐κB in A549 cells
Authors: Cheng Ching‐Yi , Hsieh Hsi‐Lung , Sun Chi‐Chin , Lin Chih‐Chung , Luo Shue‐Fen , Yang Chuen‐Mao 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBreakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is accomplished by the concerted action of several proteases, including the urokinase plasminogen‐activator (uPA) system and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which is crucial for cancer invasion and metastasis. Several reports have shown that the levels of IL‐1β and MMPs in plasma of the patients with lung cancer are significantly elevated and link to the invasion of tumor cells. Therefore, we investigated whether IL‐1β‐induced expression of uPA participated in lung cancer progression. In this study, IL‐1β significantly induced uPA expression and activity via PKCα‐dependent JNK1/2 and NIK cascades, linking to IKKα/β activation, p65 translocation and transcription activity, using pharmacological inhibitors and transfection with dominant negative mutants and siRNAs. IL‐1β‐induced uPA protein and mRNA expression in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, which was inhibited by pretreatment with the inhibitors of JNK1/2 (SP600125), PKC (Ro31‐8220, Gö6976), or NF‐κB (helenalin), and transfection with dominant negative mutants of PKCα, NIK, and IKKβ, and siRNAs of JNK1/2 and p65. IL‐1β stimulated PKCα translocation to plasma membrane leading to phosphorylation of JNK1/2, which was attenuated by PKC inhibitors and transfection with shRNAs of JNK1/2, but not by helenalin. In addition, IL‐1β stimulated p65 phosphorylation and translocation into nucleus concomitant with IκBα phosphorylation and IκBα degradation, which was mediated via activation of PKCα‐dependent JNK1/2–NIK/IKKβ cascade. These results demonstrated that in A549 cells, activation of p50/p65 heterodimer through sequential activation of PKCα–JNK–NIK–IKKβ–NF‐κB was required for IL‐1β‐induced uPA expression associated with migration of tumor cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 183–193, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unstructured kinetic model for reuterin and 1,3‐propanediol production by Lactobacillus reuteri from glycerol/glucose cofermentation
Authors: Tobajas Montserrat , Mohedano Angel F. , Casas José Antonio , Rodríguez Juan José 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lactobacillus reuteri is unable to grow on glycerol as sole carbon and energy source hence, glycerol is used as an alternative hydrogen acceptor during growth on available carbohydrates. Thus, glycerol is converted to reuterin and 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PDL), both products with interesting industrial applications. These compounds are commonly produced by using resting cells in two‐step fermentation processes.RESULTS: The glycerol/glucose cofermentation by L. reuteri yields reuterin and 1,3‐PDL at a glycerol concentration higher than 100 mmol L−1. An increase of glycerol concentration from 200 to 400 mmol L−1 showed no additional stimulatory effect on ethanol and acetate production but consistently reduced the lactate concentration. It was also found that reuterin concentration reached a maximum value and subsequently decreased due to its conversion to 1,3‐PDL. An unstructured kinetic model was proposed to describe simultaneously microbial growth, substrates consumption and products formation. A multi‐response nonlinear regression analysis based on Marquardt algorithm combined with a Runge‐Kutta integration method was used to obtain the values of the fitting parameters.CONCLUSIONS: The optimum concentration of glycerol for maximum reuterin and 1,3‐PDL production was 200 mmol L−1. The complete process was satisfactorily described by the kinetic model proposed. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The chorionic bump in an ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Northrup Benjamin E. , Harris Robert D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe chorionic bump, an irregular, convex bulge of the choriodecidual surface into the gestational sac (GS), is a recently described, uncommon abnormality of the 1st‐trimester GS and is associated with a guarded prognosis for early pregnancy. The case of this 42‐year‐old female demonstrates a previously unreported relationship: a transvaginal sonographic finding of a chorionic bump associated with a spontaneous tubal ectopic pregnancy. This might support the hypothesis that the chorionic bump represents a small hematoma that bulges into the GS. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Synthesis of [2H]‐ and [13C]‐labeled pyronaridine tetraphosphate—an antimalarial drug
Authors: Park Sang Hyun , Jeong Yeon Jun , Pradeep Kannampalli 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of strains of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to chloroquine and other antimalarial drugs, necessitates the need for developing novel antimalarial drugs with a potent pharmacological activity. Pyronaridine tetraphosphate (PNDP) is one such drug that is currently undergoing preclinical and clinical trials for use in a chemotherapy treatment of malaria. The present investigation was carried out with the objective of synthesizing carbon‐13 [13C]‐ and deuterium [2H]‐labeled PNDP for use in studying the ADME and pharmacokinetics of the drug. Here, we present a methodology to synthesize [13C]‐ and [2H]‐PNDP using a microwave irradiation technique as this method was found to be more advantageous than the classical method. The labeled compounds thus synthesized had a chemical purity of >99% as determined by HPLC and were also found to be relatively stable up to 3 months when stored under standard conditions. Further they also revealed satisfactory instrumental analysis data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of [14C]‐ and [13C6]‐labeled potent HIV non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Authors: Latli Bachir , Hrapchak Matt , Busacca Carl A. , Krishnamurthy Dhileepkumar , Senanayake Chris H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract5,11‐Dihydro‐11‐ethyl‐5‐methyl‐8‐{2‐{(1‐oxido‐4‐quinolinyl)oxy}ethyl}‐6H‐dipyrido[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐e][1,4]diazepin‐6‐one, (1), labeled with carbon‐14 in the quinoline–benzene ring, in one of the pyridine rings of the dipyridodiazepinone tricyclic moiety, and in the side chain, was prepared in three different syntheses with specific activities ranging from 44 to 47 mCi/mmol (1.63–1.75 GBq/mmol). In the first synthesis, 5,11‐dihydro‐11‐ethyl‐8‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐5‐methyl‐6H‐dipyrido[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐e][1,4]diazepin‐6‐one (2) was coupled to 4‐hydroxyquinoline, [benzene‐14C(U)]‐, using Mitsunobu's reaction conditions, followed by the oxidation of the quinoline nitrogen with 3‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid to give ([14C]‐(1a)) in 43% radiochemical yield. Second, 3‐amino‐2‐chloropyridine, [2,6‐14C]‐, was used to prepare 8‐bromo‐5,11‐dihydro‐11‐ethyl‐5‐methyl‐6H‐dipyrido[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐e][1,4]diazepin‐6‐one (8), and then Stille coupled to allyl(tributyl)tin followed by ozonolysis of the terminal double bond and in situ reduction of the resulting aldehyde to alcohol (10). Mitsunobu etherification and oxidation as seen before gave ([14C]‐(1b)) in eight steps and in 11% radiochemical yield. Finally, carbon‐14 potassium cyanide was used to prepare isopropyl cyanoacetate (12), which was used to transform bromide (8) to labeled aryl acetic acid (13) under palladium catalysis. Trihydroborane reduction of the acid gave alcohol (14) labeled in the side chain, which was used as described above to prepare ([14C]‐(1c)) in 4.3% radiochemical yield. The radiochemical purities of these compounds were determined by radio‐HPLC and radio‐TLC to be more than 98%. To prepare [13C6]‐(1), [13C6]‐4‐hydroxyquinoline was prepared from [13C6]‐aniline and then coupled to (2) and oxidized as seen before. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction and neural map of the serotonergic brain of Asplanchna brightwellii (Rotifera, Monogononta)
Authors: Hochberg Rick 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe basic organization of the rotifer brain has been known for nearly a century; yet, fine details on its structure and organization remain limited despite the importance of rotifers in studies of evolution and population biology. To gain insight into the structure of the rotifer brain, and provide a foundation for future neurophysiologic and neurophylogenetic research, the brain of Asplanchna brightwellii was studied with immunohistochemistry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and computer modeling. A three‐dimensional map of serotonergic connections reveals a complex network of approximately 28 mostly unipolar, cerebral perikarya and associated neurites. Cells and their projections display symmetry in quantity, size, connections, and pathways between cerebral hemispheres within and among individuals. Most immunopositive cells are distributed close to the brain midline. Three pairs of neurites form decussations at the brain midline and may innervate sensory receptors in the corona. A single neuronal pathway appears to connect both the lateral horns and dorsolateral apical receptors, suggesting that convergence of synaptic connections may be common in the afferent sensory systems of rotifers. Results show that the neural map of A. brightwellii is much more intricate than that of other monogonont rotifers; nevertheless, the consistency in neural circuits provides opportunities to identify homologous neurons, distinguish functional regions based on neurotransmitter phenotype, and explore new avenues of neurophylogeny in Rotifera. J. Morphol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructure and the importance of wear in the dentition of the halfbeak (Pisces: Hemiramphidae) pharyngeal mill
Authors: Buddery Alexander , Kemp Anne , Day Ryan D. , Tibbetts Ian R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo assess how tooth microstructure and composition might facilitate the pharyngeal mill mechanism of halfbeaks, apatite structure and iron content were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis for Hyporhamphus regularis ardelio, Arrhamphus sclerolepis krefftii, and Hemiramphus robustus. Iron was present in developing teeth and was concentrated along the shearing edge of spatulate incisiform teeth, which dominate the occlusive wear zone in all three species. A model based on tooth structure and wear rate is proposed to explain how halfbeaks maintain a fully functional occlusion zone throughout growth and consequent tooth addition and replacement. Replacement teeth erupt and wear rapidly so that a constant occlusion plane is always present. Iron within the tooth tissue reduces the wear rate of the cutting edge while simultaneously maintaining its sharpness and efficiency. J. Morphol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaging age‐related cognitive decline: A comparison of diffusion tensor and magnetization transfer MRI
Authors: Schiavone Francesca , Charlton Rebecca Ann , Barrick Thomas Richard , Morris Robin Guy , Markus Hugh Stephen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeTo determine which MR technique was the most sensitive to age‐related white matter damage. We compared both diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetization transfer (MT) maps to determine which technique correlated most strongly with cognitive function in a middle‐aged and elderly community population.Materials and MethodsIn all, 64 healthy subjects (aged 50–90) underwent MRI and neuropsychology. Histograms were generated for white matter mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and MT ratio (MTR). White matter hyperintensity volume (WMH) and brain volume were also determined. Composite neuropsychological scores were derived for 4 cognitive domains (executive function, working memory, episodic memory, and information processing speed).ResultsAll MRI parameters correlated with age (FA r = 0.726, P < 0.001; MD r = −0.619 P < 0.001, MTR r = −0.566, P < 0.001, WMH r = 0.511, P < 0.001). All MRI parameters correlated with cognition, but DTI, and particularly FA, correlated most strongly. Adding DTI parameters explained more variance in cognition than WMH alone; the increase was greatest with FA, which alone explained 45%, 33%, and 25% of the variance in cognition for information processing speed, episodic memory, and executive function, respectively.ConclusionDTI appears the most sensitive imaging parameter to determine age‐related white matter damage. The stronger relationship with FA suggests that axonal damage is important in age‐related cognitive decline. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:23–30. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging enhanced by superparamagnetic iron oxide particles: Usefulness for distinguishing between focused ultrasound‐induced blood–brain barrier disruption and brain hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Hao‐Li , Hsu Po‐Hong , Chu Po‐Chun , Wai Yau‐Yau , Chen Jin‐Chung , Shen Chia‐Rui , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Wang Jiun‐Jie 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the usefulness of a fully flow‐compensated heavy T2*‐weighted imaging enhanced by superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles for distinguishing between focused ultrasound‐induced disruption of blood–brain barrier (BBB) and brain hemorrhage.Materials and MethodsFocused ultrasound (frequency: 1.5 MHz) was used to induce disruption of the BBB in 39 rats. Two T2*‐weighted images were obtained before and after SPIO administration. Preenhanced T2*‐weighted images were used to detect hemorrhage. Detection of BBB disruption was performed on SPIO‐enhanced images. Thirty‐four rats were sacrificed after magnetic resonance (MR) scanning for histological confirmation of brain lesions. Theremaining five animals were followed up for 35 days. Prussian blue staining was performed on histological sections to detect SPIO particles in the brain.ResultsAfter SPIO injection the areas of BBB disruption in rat brain were significantly enlarged. The area of mismatch between the T2*‐weighted images indicated a safe region where BBB opening occurred without hemorrhagic complications. In the longitudinal study, removal of SPIO occurred at a faster rate in hemorrhagic areas, albeit being closer to that occurring in the liver. The presence of SPIO was confirmed by Prussian blue staining in brain parenchyma and capillary endothelial cells in areas of BBB disruption.ConclusionT2*‐weighted images—either with and without SPIO enhancement—may differentiate focused ultrasound‐induced BBB disruption from brain hemorrhage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:31–38. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strain‐encoded (SENC) magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate regional heterogeneity of myocardial strain in healthy volunteers: Comparison with conventional tagging
Authors: Neizel Mirja , Lossnitzer Dirk , Korosoglou Grigorios , Schäufele Tim , Lewien Antje , Steen Henning , Katus Hugo A. , Osman Nael F. , Giannitsis Evangelos 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the ability of strain‐encoded (SENC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for regional systolic and diastolic strain analysis of the myocardium in healthy volunteers.Materials and MethodsCircumferential and longitudinal peak systolic strain values of 75 healthy volunteers (35 women and 40 men, mean age 44 ± 12 years) were measured using SENC at 1.5T. MR tagging was used as the reference standard for measuring regional function. Diastolic function was assessed in the 10 youngest (24 ± 8 years) and 10 oldest (62 ± 5 years) subjects.ResultsPeak strain values assessed with SENC were comparable to those obtained by MR tagging, showing narrow limits of agreement (limits of agreement −5.6% to 8.1%). Regional heterogeneity was observed between different segments of the left ventricle (LV) by both techniques (P < 0.001). Longitudinal strain obtained by SENC was also heterogenous (P < 0.001). Interestingly, no age‐ or gender‐specific differences in peak systolic strain were observed, whereas the peak rate of relaxation of circumferential strain rate was decreased in the older group.ConclusionSENC is a reliable tool for accurate and objective quantification of regional myocardial systolic as well as diastolic function. In agreement with tagged MRI, SENC detected slightly heterogeneous myocardial strain within LV segments. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:99–105. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of calcification with MRI using susceptibility‐weighted imaging: A case study
Authors: Wu Zhen , Mittal Sandeep , Kish Karl , Yu Yingjian , Hu J. , Haacke E. Mark 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSusceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a new MRI technique that can identify calcification by using phase images. We present a single case with a partially calcified oligodendroglioma, multiple calcified cysticercosis lesions, and multiple physiologic calcifications in the same patient. SWI phase images and computed tomography (CT) images are compared. SWI phase images showed the same calcified lesions as shown on CT and sometimes some new calcifications. Our conclusion is that SWI filtered phase images can identify calcifications as well as CT in this case. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:177–182. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advances of 3T MR imaging in visualizing trabecular bone structure of the calcaneus are partially SNR‐independent: Analysis using simulated noise in relation to micro‐CT, 1.5T MRI, and biomechanical strength
Authors: Bauer Jan S. , Monetti Roberto , Krug Roland , Matsuura Maiko , Mueller Dirk , Eckstein Felix , Rummeny Ernst J. , Lochmueller Eva‐Maria , Raeth Christoph W. , Link Thomas M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeTo investigate differences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of trabecular bone at 1.5T and 3.0T and to specifically study noise effects on the visualization and quantification of trabecular architecture using conventional histomorphometric and nonlinear measures of bone structure.Materials and MethodsSagittal MR images of 43 calcaneus specimens (donor age: 81 ± 10 years) were acquired at 1.5T and 3.0T using gradient echo sequences. Noise was added to obtain six sets of images with decreasing signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). Micro‐CT images were obtained from biopsies taken from 37 calcaneus samples and bone strength was determined. Morphometric and nonlinear structure parameters were calculated in all datasets.ResultsOriginally, SNR was 1.5 times higher at 3.0T. In the simulated image sets, SNR was similar at both fields. Trabecular dimensions measured by μCT were adequately estimated by MRI, with residual errors (er), ranging from 16% to 2.7% at 3.0T. Comparing er at similar SNR, 3.0T consistently displayed lower errors than 1.5T (eg, bone fraction at SNR ≈4: er[3.0T] = 15%; er[1.5T] = 21%, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe advances of 3.0T compared to 1.5T in visualizing trabecular bone structure are partially SNR‐independent. The better performance at 3.0T may be explained by pronounced susceptibility, enhancing the visualization of thin trabecular structures. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:132–140. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HIV‐1 seroconversion promotes rapid changes in cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and HPV‐16 antibodies in female sex workers
Authors: Marais Dianne J. , Carrara Henri , Ramjee Gita , Kay Patti , Williamson Anna‐Lise 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) infection impacts on the ability to mount an effective immune response to HPV is unknown, but is relevant in planning HPV vaccine strategies for HIV‐1 infected individuals. This longitudinal study investigated changes shortly after HIV‐1 seroconversion on cervical HPV types and HPV‐16 antibody responses in serum and at the cervix of female sex workers. Typing of HPV DNA from cervical cells was done prior to HIV‐1 seroconversion and within 1 year and greater than 2 years after HIV‐1 seroconversion. Antibody determinations on serum and cervico‐vaginal rinse samples were by HPV‐16 virus‐like particle‐based, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Of 104 women tested, 40 (38.4%) became HIV‐1 seropositive (HIV‐positive) during the course of the study. Shortly after HIV‐1 seroconversion a significant increase in multiple (>1) HPV infection (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.3–11.9) was observed compared with HIV‐1 seronegative (HIV‐negative) women and certain changes in HPV type infection. HIV‐1 seroconversion resulted in a reduced prevalence of serum HPV‐16 IgA and cervico‐vaginal IgA and IgG but an increased prevalence of serum HPV‐16 IgG. All HIV‐positive women had been exposed to HPV‐16 as all displayed serum HPV‐16 IgG. Serum HPV‐16 responses were maintained at a high magnitude in the presence of HPV‐16 infection irrespective of HIV infection, but decreased in the absence of HPV‐16 infection. In conclusion, HIV‐1 seroconversion in sex workers rapidly increased cervical HPV infection and caused a reduced ability to produce cervical HPV‐16 antibodies but a continued ability to generate serum IgG antibodies. J. Med. Virol. 81:203–210, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.