bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sprouted Oats (Avena sativa L.) in Baked Goods: From the Rheological Properties of Dough to the Physical Properties of Biscuits
Authors: Sergiacomo Alessio , Bresciani Andrea , Gallio Francesca , Varetto Paolo , Marti Alessandra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of sprouted oats (SO) on dough properties and biscuit features. Unsprouted oats (USO) and SO (for 48 h and 72 h) were studied in wheat dough at 10, 20, and 30%, and gluten aggregation, mixing, and extensional properties were evaluated. USO caused a weakening in gluten aggregation capacity, an increase in water uptake, development time and dough rigidity, and a decrease in extensibility. Dough enriched in SO showed mixing profiles similar to wheat, but using SO strongly affected dough extensional properties, indicating gluten weakening. Changes in rheological properties suggested the use of SO at 20% level in biscuit production. Using oats did not affect either biscuit size or volume, but decreased both the hardness and the toughness of the product, with 72 h-SO having the greatest impact, especially on hardness. Further study will address consumer acceptability and nutritional features of the developed baked product.
A prognostic model for overall survival in recurrent glioma patients treated with bevacizumab-containing therapy
Authors: Jin Shanmu , Chen Wenlin , Guo Xiaopeng , Xing Hao , Yang Huiyu , Liu Qianshu , Liu Delin , Zhang Kun , Wang Hai , Xia Yu , Guo Siying , Wang Yaning , Shi Yixin , Li Yilin , Wang Yuekun , Li Junlin , Wu Jiaming , Liang Tingyu , Qu Tian , Li Huanzhang , Yang Tianrui , Wang Yu , Ma Wenbin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPredictive markers and prognostic models are useful for the individualization of cancer treatment. In this study, we sought to identify clinical and molecular factors to predict overall survival in recurrent glioma patients receiving bevacizumab-containing regimens. A cohort of 102 patients was retrospectively collected from June 2011 to January 2022 at our institution. A nomogram was generated by Cox regression and feature selection algorithms based on 19 clinicopathological and 60 molecular variables. The model's performance was internally evaluated by bootstrapping in terms of discrimination and calibration. The median overall survival from the initiation of bevacizumab administration to death or last follow-up was 11.6 months (95% CI: 9.2–13.8 months) for all 102 patients, 10.2 months (95% CI: 6.4–13.3 months) for 66 patients with grade 4 tumors, and 13.8 months (lower limit of 95% CI: 11.5 months) for 36 patients with tumors of grade lower or not available. In the final model, a lower WHO 2021 grade (Grade lower or not available vs. Grade 4, HR: 0.398, 95% CI: 0.223–0.708, p = 0.00172), having received adjuvant radiochemotherapy (Yes vs. No, HR: 0.488, 95% CI: 0.268–0.888, p = 0.0189), and wildtype EGFR (Wildtype vs. Altered, HR: 0.193, 95% CI: 0.0506–0.733, p = 0.0157; Not available vs. Altered, HR: 0.386, 95% CI: 0.184–0.810, p = 0.0118) were significantly associated with longer overall survival in multivariate Cox regression. The overall concordance index was 0.652 (95% CI: 0.566–0.714), and the areas under the time-dependent curves for 6-, 12-, and 18-month overall survival were 0.677 (95% CI: 0.516–0.816), 0.654 (95% CI: 0.470–0.823), and 0.675 (95% CI: 0.491–0.860), respectively. A prognostic model for overall survival in recurrent glioma patients treated with bevacizumab-based therapy was established and internally validated. It could serve as a reference tool for clinicians to assess the extent the patients may benefit from bevacizumab and stratify their treatment response.
STEM in the classroom: a scoping review of emerging research on the integration of STEM education within Australian schools
Authors: Deehan James , Danaia L. , Redshaw S. , Dealtry L. , Gersbach K. , Bi R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe paper presents a scoping review of research that has been conducted on integrated STEM programmes in Australian schools over a 10-year period (2012–2022). It aims to determine how integrated STEM is being practiced. A total of 17 papers were chosen for review. The review explored the major characteristics of research that has been conducted on integrated STEM programmes in Australian schools, the teaching strategies used to teach integrated STEM and the reported impacts of these programmes. In fifteen of the papers experts from outside the school such as scientists and engineers, usually academics, were involved. Cooperative learning, project/problem-based learning and authentic experiences were the most common teaching strategies in a field characterised by positive learner outcomes. It is evident that teaching strategies are significant in the integration of STEM. Future research should focus on addressing issues of ecological validity, sustainability and scalability to ensure as many students as possible reap the benefits of high-quality STEM education.
Evaluation of Thermomechanical Properties in a 2D Rotational Elastocaloric Prototype: A Numerical Study for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
Authors: Cirillo Luca , Greco Adriana , Masselli Claudia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSo far, much of the research on the caloric effect has focused on the magnetocaloric effect, which was the first investigated chronologically, in the field of room temperature for about 40 years. Subsequently and especially in the last decade, scientific research has focused on the development of solid-state technologies other than the magnetocaloric one, including the one of interest for this work: elastocaloric technology. This work is part of the “SUSSTAINEBLE” project of the Department of Industrial Engineering at the University Federico II of Naples, aimed at developing the first Italian prototype of an elastocaloric device for environmental conditioning. The prototype is currently in the experimental development phase and its design and construction are dynamically accompanied by a two-dimensional numerical model that fully reproduces its thermo-fluid dynamic operation. The rotary-type prototype consists of 600 Nickel Titanium wires subjected to loading and unloading phases controlled by a properly programmed optical encoder. The thermo-fluidic medium that regulates heat transfer is air. The aim is to characterize the operation of the elastocaloric device using numerical analysis software in order to optimize its geometric, operational, and environmental parameters, to maximize its energy performance in terms of temperature difference, useful thermal power, and coefficient of performance.
Salience or event-splitting? An experimental investigation of correlation sensitivity in risk-taking
Authors: Loewenfeld Moritz , Zheng Jiakun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSalience theory relies on the assumption that not only the marginal distribution of lotteries, but also the correlation of payoffs across states impacts choices. Recent experimental studies on salience theory seem to provide evidence in favor of such correlation effects. However, these studies fail to control for event-splitting effects (ESE). In this paper, we seek to disentangle the role of correlation and event-splitting in two settings: (1) the common consequence Allais paradox as studied by Bordalo et al. (Q J Econ 127:1243–1285, 2012), Frydman and Mormann (The role of salience in choice under risk: An experimental investigation. Working Paper, 2018), and Bruhin et al. (J Risk Uncertain 65:139–184, 2022); (2) choices between Mao pairs as studied by Dertwinkel-Kalt and Köster (J Eur Econ Assoc 18:2057–2107, 2020). In both settings, we find evidence suggesting that recent findings supporting correlation effects are largely driven by ESE. Once controlling for ESE, we find no consistent evidence for correlation effects. Our results thus shed doubt on the validity of salience theory in describing risky behavior.
The modularity of Siegel’s zeta functions
Authors: Sugiyama Kazunari 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSiegel defined zeta functions associated with indefinite quadratic forms, and proved their analytic properties such as analytic continuations and functional equations. Coefficients of these zeta functions are called measures of representations, and play an important role in the arithmetic theory of quadratic forms. In a 1938 paper, Siegel made a comment to the effect that the modularity of his zeta functions would be proved with the help of a suitable converse theorem. In the present paper, we accomplish Siegel’s original plan by using a Weil-type converse theorem for Maass forms, which has appeared recently. It is also shown that “half” of Siegel’s zeta functions correspond to holomorphic modular forms.
“No, This Is Not My Boyfriend’s Computer”: Elevating the Voices of Youth in STEM Education Research Leveraging Photo-Elicitation
Authors: Edelen Daniel , Cook Kristin , Tripp L. Octavia , Jackson Christa , Bush Sarah B. , Mohr-Schroeder Margaret J. , Schroeder D. Craig , Roberts Thomas , Maiorca Cathrine , Ivy Jessica , Burton Megan , Perrin Andrea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe aim to elevate the stories and voices of youth in integrated STEM education, particularly those who have been historically marginalized and excluded from STEM spaces. Our research uses photo-elicitation to decenter the power of researchers and educators and elevate the experiences and expertise of youth in STEM. Findings are presented from three instrumental case studies, examining the perspectives of youth on what it means to do STEM, who belongs in STEM, and why STEM is important. The findings reveal that youth often perceive STEM as a siloed approach but also emphasize the need for greater integration of mathematics in STEM. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of STEM identity development, showing that belonging in STEM is not just about future careers but also about fostering a sense of belonging in the present. Additionally, the study uncovers that youth invoke empathy and social consciousness when explaining the importance of integrated STEM, emphasizing the need to address racial, gender, and professional biases in STEM educational spaces. This prompts a reconsideration of the motivations behind integrated STEM education, emphasizing the value of developing STEM literacy for the well-being of all youth, not just as future workforce preparation.
Cannabidiol may prevent the development of congestive hepatopathy secondary to right ventricular hypertrophy associated with pulmonary hypertension in rats
Authors: Krzyżewska Anna , Baranowska-Kuczko Marta , Galicka Anna , Kasacka Irena , Mińczuk Krzysztof , Kozłowska Hanna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can cause right ventricular (RV) failure and subsequent cardiohepatic syndrome referred to as congestive hepatopathy (CH). Passive blood stasis in the liver can affect inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis. Cannabidiol (CBD) has many beneficial properties including anti-inflammatory and reduces RV systolic pressure and RV hypertrophy in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH in rats. Thus, it suggests that CBD may have the potential to limit CH development secondary to RV failure. The present study aimed to determine whether chronic administration of CBD can inhibit the CH secondary to RV hypertrophy associated with MCT-induced PH.

Methods
The experiments involved rats with and without MCT-induced PH. CBD (10 mg/kg) or its vehicle was administered once daily for 3 weeks after MCT injection (60 mg/kg).

Results
Monocrotaline administration increased the liver/body weight ratio. In histology examinations, we observed necrosis and vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes as well as sinusoidal congestion. In biochemical studies, we observed increased levels of nuclear factor-κappa B (NF-κB), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNA-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). CBD administration to PH rats reduced the liver/body weight ratio, improved the architecture of the liver, and inhibited the formation of necrosis. Cannabidiol also decreased the level of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6.

Conclusions
The studies show that CBD can protect the liver from CH probably through attenuating PH, protective effects on the RV, and possibly direct anti-inflammatory effects on liver tissue through regulation of the NF-κB pathway.

Graphical abstract
Differences by Race and Ethnicity in Title IX’s Effect on Women’s Health
Authors: Beck Delaney , Hersch Joni , Viscusi W. Kip 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTitle IX greatly expanded adolescent females’ participation in athletic activities, which may have led to health benefits that extend into later life. Previous research has not explored whether health benefits arising from Title IX differ by race or ethnicity and has not examined women at older ages when health problems become more evident. This article examines the effect of Title IX on racial and ethnicity disparities in health outcomes by considering women aged 42–52 years. White women in these age groups exhibit declines in their self-assessed health status and increases in many health-related ailments, consistent with other evidence on temporal trends in health for women in this age range. Compared to white women, both Black and Hispanic women report the opposite pattern, as there is greater improvement in the post-Title IX period in overall health status. Black and Hispanic women also exhibit greater declines relative to white women in smoking rates post-Title IX, which should confer a broad range of risk reductions. The more favorable impact of Title IX on Black and Hispanic women indicates that investments in women’s sports may enhance both equity and efficiency.
Campaign Finance Vouchers Do Not Expand the Diversity of Donors: Evidence from Seattle
Authors: YORGASON CHENOA 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDonating to a campaign is inherently costly, and as a result the composition of campaign donors differs from the composition of the electorate. What happens when the financial barriers to campaign finance participation are removed? This paper analyzes Seattle’s recent campaign finance reform, where all registered voters receive four $25 vouchers to donate to candidates abiding by stricter campaign finance restrictions. Utilizing individual- and census block group-level data combined with administrative donation records, I find that those most mobilized by the availability of vouchers belong to groups already overrepresented within the donor pool. This finding is significant across race, income, past political participation, age, and partisanship. In some cases, the availability of vouchers appears to pull the donor pool further from parity with the larger electorate.
An urban image in an urbanized landscape: measuring the visual impact of Tibur's amphitheater
Authors: Notarian Matthew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThough infrequently used and largely superfluous, amphitheaters were often the most physically imposing and ideologically charged structures in a Roman city. The preponderance of extramural amphitheaters in Italy and their appearance in visual culture confirm they were potent markers of urban life and civic status. This paper contextualizes Tibur's imperial amphitheater within the Roman suburbium's persistent urban sprawl and villas, especially Hadrian's Villa, using a novel GIS visibility analysis. Its apparent size from various points in the surrounding landscape is quantified within empirical and qualitative scales developed for modern visual impact assessments. The results demonstrate the amphitheater's suburban location did more than integrate Tibur's extramural growth into the older urban center. It emphasized the city's urban appearance, even from long distances, and monumentalized alternate routes to the city used by the villa-owning elite, countering the ambiguous status of a liminal city that was both Rome's annex and an autonomous municipium.
Turbulence as a Key Driver of Ice Aggregation and Riming in Arctic Low‐Level Mixed‐Phase Clouds, Revealed by Long‐Term Cloud Radar Observations
Authors: Chellini Giovanni , Kneifel Stefan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTurbulence in clouds is known to enhance particle collision rates, as widely demonstrated for warm rain formation. A similar impact on ice growth processes is expected but a solid observational basis is missing. A statistical analysis of a 15‐month data set of cloud radar observations allows for the first time to quantify the impact of turbulence on ice aggregation and riming in Arctic low‐level mixed‐phase clouds. Increasing eddy dissipation rate (EDR), from below 10−4 to above 10−3 m2 s−3, yields larger ice aggregates, and higher particle concentration, likely caused by increasing fragmentation. In conditions more favorable to riming, higher EDR is associated with dramatically higher particle fall velocities (by up to 125%), under similar liquid water paths, indicative of markedly higher degrees of riming. Our findings thus reveal the key role of turbulence for cold precipitation formation, and highlight the need for an improved understanding of turbulence‐hydrometeor interactions in cold clouds.
An Unstructured Mesh Generation Tool for Efficient High‐Resolution Representation of Spatial Heterogeneity in Land Surface Models
Authors: Fan Hanwen , Xu Qingchen , Bai Fan , Wei Zhongwang , Zhang Yonggen , Lu Xingjie , Wei Nan , Zhang Shupeng , Yuan Hua , Liu Shaofeng , Li XianXiang , Li Xueyan , Dai Yongjiu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study develops an unstructured mesh generation tool for land surface modeling using a multi‐scale hexagon discrete mesh. The tool can automatically determine the required mesh resolution for different regions based on multi‐objective criteria such as elevation, slope, land cover, and land use. The refined unstructured meshes demonstrate significant enhancement in the representation of spatial heterogeneity. The tool is coupled with the Common Land Model (CoLM) to enable land surface simulations using unstructured meshes. Evaluations focused on runoff, river discharge, and inundation indicate improved model performance compared to traditional structured mesh‐based CoLM simulations under the same computational cost constraints. This tool provides new capabilities for more efficiently capturing localized land surface processes and extreme events.
Convection‐Permitting ICON‐LAM Simulations for Renewable Energy Potential Estimates Over Southern Africa
Authors: Chen Shuying , Poll Stefan , Hendricks Franssen Harrie‐Jan , Heinrichs Heidi , Vereecken Harry , Goergen Klaus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRenewable energy is recognized in Africa as a means for climate change mitigation, but also to provide access to electricity in sub‐Saharan Africa, where three‐quarters of the global population without electricity resides. Reliable and highly resolved renewable energy potential (REP) information is indispensable to support power plants expansion. Existing atmospheric data sets over Africa that are used for REP estimates are often characterized by data gaps, or coarse resolution. With the aim to overcome these challenges, the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) Numerical Weather Prediction (ICON‐NWP) model in its Limited Area Mode (ICON‐LAM) is implemented and run over southern Africa in a hindcast dynamical downscaling setup at a convection‐permitting 3.3 km horizontal resolution. The simulation time span covers contrasting solar and wind weather years from 2017 to 2019. To assess the suitability of the novel simulations for REP estimates, the simulated hourly 10 m wind speed (sfcWind) and hourly surface solar irradiance (rsds) are extensively evaluated against a large compilation of in situ observations, satellite, and composite data products. ICON‐LAM reproduces the spatial patterns, temporal evolution, the variability, and absolute values of sfcWind sufficiently well, albeit with a slight overestimation and a mean bias (mean error (ME)) of 1.12 m s−1 over land. Likewise the simulated rsds with an ME of 50 W m−2 well resembles the observations. This new ICON simulation data product will be the basis for ensuing REP estimates that will be compared with existing lower resolution data sets.
TGF-β signaling in health, disease and therapeutics
Authors: Deng Ziqin , Fan Tao , Xiao Chu , Tian He , Zheng Yujia , Li Chunxiang , He Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTransforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular responses and is particularly critical to embryonic development, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and immune homeostasis in health. The dysfunction of TGF-β can play key roles in many diseases, and numerous targeted therapies have been developed to rectify its pathogenic activity. In the past decades, a large number of studies on TGF-β signaling have been carried out, covering a broad spectrum of topics in health, disease, and therapeutics. Thus, a comprehensive overview of TGF-β signaling is required for a general picture of the studies in this field. In this review, we retrace the research history of TGF-β and introduce the molecular mechanisms regarding its biosynthesis, activation, and signal transduction. We also provide deep insights into the functions of TGF-β signaling in physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes. TGF-β-targeting therapies which have brought fresh hope to the treatment of relevant diseases are highlighted. Through the summary of previous knowledge and recent updates, this review aims to provide a systematic understanding of TGF-β signaling and to attract more attention and interest to this research area.
Interactions between neurotrophins, mood, and physical activity under the conditions of sleep deprivation
Authors: Sochal Marcin , Ditmer Marta , Binienda Agata , Tarasiuk Aleksandra , Białasiewicz Piotr , Turkiewicz Szymon , Karuga Filip Franciszek , Jakub Fichna , Gabryelska Agata 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSleep deprivation (DS) is the forced elimination of sleep. While brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been extensively studied in the context of in mood changes following DS, the role of other neurotrophins remains elusive. This study explores the impact of DS on BDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT4) at mRNA and protein level, considering their potential links to mood disturbances. The study involved 81 participants subjected to polysomnography (PSG) and DS. Blood samples, mood assessments, and actigraphy data were collected twice, after PSG and DS. NT mRNA expression and serum protein concentrations of BDNF, GDNF, NT3, and NT4 were measured. Participants were divided into Responders and Non-Responders based on mood improvement after DS. DS reduced BDNF mRNA expression in all participants, with no change in serum BDNF protein. GDNF protein decreased in Non-Responders, while Responders exhibited reduced GDNF mRNA. NT3 protein increased in both groups, while NT3 mRNA decreased in Respondents. NT4 protein rose universally post-DS, but NT4 mRNA remained unchanged. Physical activity (PA) negatively correlated with mRNA expression of BDNF, GDNF, and NT3 post-DS. The study’s short DS duration and exclusion of immature NT forms limit comprehensive insights. GDNF, together with NT3, might play an important role in mood response to DS. PA during DS seems to impair the mRNA expression of NTs in leukocytes. Future studies on the subject of sleep deprivation might consider investigating the relationship between BDNF and NT4 in the context of their apparent redundancy.