bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Orienting Attitudes in the Perception of the Hering and Zollner Illusions
Authors: Silberman Rebecca L. , Bors Douglas A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBy analyzing descriptions of illusory and nonillusory figures, Richer (1978) called into question the common assumption that illusory and nonillusory perceptions were experientially the same and differed only in terms of their accuracy. The present study attempted to replicate Richer's work with a focus on identifying within the subjects' descriptions any orienting attitudes corresponding to these two forms of perception. Nineteen student volunteers were asked to describe two illusory figures (the Hering and the Zollner figures) and a nonillusory control of similar complexity. The descriptions revealed consistent differences between the two forms. However, the Hering and Zollner figures were not always described in illusory terms, and surprisingly, several subjects described the control as if it were illusory. Further, perceptual accuracy was not guaranteed by nonillusory experience. Subjects described the figures from within one of three different orienting attitudes-atomizing, representational, and geometrical-organizing. The latter attitude appeared necessary for the phenomena of illusory perception and experience. Though the present findings confirmed Richer's distinction between illusory and nonillusory experience, they also indicate the need for further differentiation- illusory perception versus illusory experience. Finally, the findings also supported Luria's (1976) and Segall, Campbell, and Herskovits's (1966) position on the importance of particular cultural and educational experiences and codes in relation to perceptual illusions.
Phenomenology of the Technical Delusion in Schizophrenics
Authors: Kraus Alfred 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTechnical delusions are highly significant for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. What can we learn from the content and the formal aspects of this kind of delusion about the primary schizophrenic experiences underlying the technical delusion and about its meaning and purpose for the patient? In a phenomenological investigation of six schizophrenics, comparing their experiences in technical delusion with the normal experience of technical phenomena, I describe the patient's relationship to himself, to his world, and to others and the modalities of his hallucinatory perceptions. Finally, I discuss the effect of the technical delusion on the patient's relationship to reality.
Being in Pain: a Nurse's Experience
Authors: Bradley-Springer Lucy 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper uses Schrag's framework to analyze an episode of pain and to discuss the phenomenological perspective of pain. The experience of pain is explicated through the metaphor of co-present, interwoven fields of consciousness, embodiment, attitudinal posture and custom, time, and space. Interventions based on the metaphor are discussed.
Ego Duplications, Body Doubles, and Dreams: a Contribution To a Phenomenology of Body Image and Memory
Authors: Holajter Stephan J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper an "unconscious" structure common to such altered psychological states as dreaming, schizophrenic disintegration, out-of body experiences, and creative acts is described. This description is accomplished by setting psychoanalytic, clinical, and empirical studies zuithin a phenomenological framework. Phenomenological self-reflection is first made a party to discussions which focus on memories and the experience of the lived body. The configurations of "unconsciousness" then take precedence in describing relationships between the "I" of waking (or awakening) consciousness and a transformative body image (or body ego). A unique experience of the self-as undergoing a process of ego "duplication" and body "doubling"-is highlighted.
General Psychological Principles i n kOhut's Self Psychology Reconsidered From a Phenomenological Perspective
Authors: Bertelsen Preben 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSelf psychology is the study of the psychodynamics that come into existence with self reflection-that is, the intentions that emerge with introspection. In this respect, self psychology is different from Freudian psychoanalysis and intimately related to the phenomenological-existential perspective. In this paper, I examine how a general psychological model of intentional reflection (the self) can be developed on the basis of Kohut's self psychology, a model that illustrates one of the central organizational principles of human psychology. I conclude with a discussion of the general psychological concepts of self, life-project, and activity in the light of self psychology.
A Phenomenological Investigation of the Role of Guilt in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Savoie Dallas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe current work takes a phenomenological approach to investigating the role of guilt in a sample of persons diagnosed with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The role of guilt in OCD has been frequently noted in the literature, although infrequently studied as a factor in its own right. Typically, those studying OCD have found positive correlations between questionnaire measures of guilt and self-reported symptoms of OCD. Those working with sufferers have also found that OC clients in therapy report feelings of guilt with respect to their symptoms. The present work investigates, in a qualitative way, the meaning of guilt for those with OCD. The presumed role of guilt is examined descriptively, with an eye to developing a more complete understanding of the relationship between feelings of guilt and OC symptoms in a sample of sufferers. Nine participants (N=9) were recruited, and were interviewed using an unstructured approach. In terms of analysis, emphasis was placed on understanding the experience of guilt and OC symptoms as both were lived by sufferers, with a focus on the personal significance of guilt for study participants. Fifteen descriptive guilt/OCD themes were derived from interviews across the nine participants. Themes revealed a variety of connections that sufferers made between feelings of guilt and symptoms of OCD. A common description of the experience was also derived. The results suggest that the role of guilt in OCD is highly interpersonal in nature, and that feelings of guilt may precede, motivate, as well as be a consequence of, OC symptoms. The role of guilt for any given sufferer may also be highly idiosyncratic.
The Structure, Basic Contents and Dynamics of the Unconscious in Analytical (Jungian) Psychology and Husserlian Phenomenology: Part I1
Authors: Hopkins Burt C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper offers both a phenomenologically psychological and phenomenologically transcendental account of the constitution of the unconscious. Its phenomenologically psychological portion is published here as Part I, while its phenomenologically transcendental portion will be published in the next volume of this journal as Part II. Part I first clarifies the issues involved in Husserl's differentiation of the respective contents and methodologies of psychological and transcendental phenomenology. On the basis of this clarification I show that, in marked contrast to the prevailing approach to the unconscious in the phenomenological literature, an approach that focuses on the emotive and aesthetic factors (rooted in Freud's theory of repression) in the descriptive account of the constitution of an unconscious, there are cognitive factors (rooted in Jung's theory of apperception) that have yet to be descriptively accounted for by phenomenological psychology. Part I concludes with a phenomenologically psychological account of the role these cognitive factors play in the constitution of an unconscious. Part II will show how Jung's claims regarding a dimension of unconscious contents that lacks genealogical links to consciousness proper, that is, the "collective unconscious, " can be phenomenologically accounted for if (1) Jung's methodological differentiation of empirical and interpretative (hermeneutically phenomenological) approaches to the unconscious is attended to and (2) such attention is guided by the phenomenologically transcendental critique of the emotive and aesthetic limitations of both the Freudian and heretofore Husserlian accounts of the descriptive genesis of something like an unconscious.
Eating as Natural Event and as Intersubjective Phenomenon: Towards a Phenomenology of Eating
Authors: Jager Bernd 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe consumption of food and drink becomes a fully human activity only when it takes place within a realm of hospitality. When thus situated a meal gathers together not only families, friends and neighbors, but it is also brings together divine and mortal being and unites in common courtesy the living and the dead. Natural scientific insights into human food consumption make their greatest contribution to our understanding when we situate these within the larger context of intersubjective relations. Anorexia, bulimia, alcoholism and other forms of compulsive and unhappy consumption of natural substances all can be understood as doomed attempts to eat and drink outside the humanizing sphere of reciprocity and hospitality.
Fantasy Space, Private Myths, Visions
Authors: Lingis Alphonso 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSlavoj Žižek proposed an ethic of respect for the fantasy space of another. Under "fantasy" Jacques Lacan borrowed from Claude Lévi-Strauss the notion of a "private myth." But this fantasy is, Žižek says, illusionary, fragile, and helpless. Fantasy is the way everyone, each in a particular way, conceals the impasse of his desire. Psychoanalytic practice can be criticized as a radical destitution of the fundamental fantasy of the patient. The author argues that what Žižek analyzes as fantasy is a misfire of vision, and could only be recognized in a subject where visions are possible. But visions-the visions of visionaries and seers, and the visions of youth-have to be envisioned dynamically in their activity of formulating, shaping, and intensifying one's insights and one's feelings. Žižek assumes that the forces mobilized by drive, which takes hold of an organ and compulsively makes it repeat the same failed gesture, aim at the excessive and monstrous paroxysm of pleasure in pain, which is jouissance. The author argues that that jouissance can never appear as something possible in the organism, not because it would be a death drive for a finite and temporal organism, but because it is a by-product and not a goal.
A Rhyton From Takhti Sangin
Authors: Pichikyan I.R. , Litvinsky B.A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRecent investigations of the Oxus temple at Takhti Sangin have produced several dozen Achaemenid objects similar in type and style to the Achaemenid part of the Oxus treasure. One such is the lower part of an ivory rhyton, decorated with a carved protome of a lion, of either Greek or Achaemenid origin. After describing the object and discussing lion iconography in the Assyro-Achaemenid tradition and the origins and typology of the rhyton, the authors suggest that the rhyton considered here may have had a ritual role in Zoroastrian cult in making libations.
A Silver Rhyton With the Protome of Pegasus From the 4Th Ulyap Barrow
Authors: Ksenofontova I.V. , Zajtseva N.G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA silver vessel found in 1972 near Ulyap (Adygea) is re-examined and notes are provided on the possible use of the vessel, on the time and place of its manufacture and its further history. It is concluded that it was made in the second half of the 5th c. by a master working probably in Athens. An analysis of the process of manufacture concludes it was made in two stages, repaired after damage to the wings in a careless manner.
Rebirth of the Oxus Treasure: Second Part of the Oxus Treasure From the Miho Museum Collection
Authors: Pichikyan I.R. , Southampton Kathy Judelson 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn account is offered of the discovery of the Oxus treasure in 1877 and the recovery in 1993 of part of it, now conserved in the Mihon Museum in Japan. Descriptions and analyses are given of 17 sculptures and 48 ritual vessels in the Mihon Museum collection. Comparison of these items with those of the British Museum Treasure point to their provenance as votive objects held in the treasury of a Zoroastrian temple of the Achaemenid period and confirm the identity of finds from the treasure with finds from the now excavated shrine of the Oxus.
Urkunden L'Indépendance Du Khalifat
Authors: Alp Zia Gueuk 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn einem Artikel "Zur Religion hin!" (Dine doğru), der in KüČük MeğmŪa Nr. 5 vom 3. Juli 1922 erschien 1), hatte Ziya Gökalp die Religion als den höchsten Wert des sozialen Lebens bezeichnet, was auch aus dem Worte "heilig" hervorgehe, und zum Schluss gesagt: "Die ganze islamische Welt ist eine grosse Universität. Diese Universität hat in jedem Lande, ja in jeder Stadt eine Fakultât, d.h. der in jeder Stadt ansässige Müfti ist der Dekan
The Myth of the Clerical Migration To Safawid Iran
Authors: Newman Andrew J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWestern-language scholars have long suggested that following Ismāīl's profession of faith at the capture of Tabriz many Arab Twelver scholars emigrated to Safawid territory to participate in the effort to spread the faith throughout Safawid territory. Alī al-Karaki is cited in many secondary sources as one of the many Arab scholars supposed to have journeyed to Safawid territory in the fifty years after Tabriz and the few criticisms of al-Karakī by his contemporaries noted in these sources are often described as purely personal in origin.93 Doubtless al-Karakī was not without support among contemporary Twelver clerics and he may not have been the only Arab Twelver cleric to have emigrated to Safawid territory to assist the Safawids in their propagation of the faith during the first fifty years after Tabriz.94 Indeed, among al-Karakī's students were a number
The Camel-Section of the Panegyrical Ode1
Authors: Jacobi Renate 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe present analysis is limited in scope and material, and has to be complemented and confirmed by further studies. With these restrictions in mind, the development of the panegyrical ode can be sketched as follows: In the Pre-Islamic period the ode is composed, as a rule, with three sections of independent weight (nasīb, wasf al-jamal, madī), linked together by the techniques of the narrative. The camel-section is in no way specified from the panegyrical point of view. As in other types of the qasīda, it constitutes an expression of tribal life and society. I have referred to this form as "tribal ode". In the first half of the 7th century A.D., i.e. during the two generations of poets known as al-mukhadramŪn, a decisive change in function of the camel-section seems to have taken place, as evidenced by the poetry of al-A'shā MaimŪn and al-Hutai'a. Parallel to the tribal ode a new form is gradually emerging, in which the description of the poet's camel is substituted by an account of his desert-journey to the mamdŪ. In the early raīl elements of the former wasf al-jamal are retained. This is the first stage in the transformation of the "tribal ode" into the "courtly ode" of later periods. At the same time the bipartite ode, consisting of nasīb and madī only, begins to replace the tripartite form. At the Umayyad period the tribal ode is about to disappear, although still used by conservative poets. In its place we frequently observe the new ode with an elaborate raīl, emphasizing the poet's exertions in reaching his patron. The Umayyad raīl is entirely determined by the panegyrical function. All motifs of the tribal wasf al-jamal which do not contribute to the poet's object of influencing the mamdŪ, are eliminated. Sometimes the travel-theme is inserted into the madī or blended with the
Contractual Kin: Servants and Their Mistresses in Sixteenth-Century Nantes
Authors: Brunelle Gayle K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFemale servants and their mistresses in Nantes often disputed the terms of service and wages of the mostly oral contracts between them. These quarrels sometimes ended up in the court of the municipal aldermen, whose records reveal the opposing conceptualization of female service the opponents advocated. Mistresses viewed their servants as dependents, not quite kin, but wholly under their authority at least for the period specified in the contract. Servants perceived themselves as wage laborers with the right to renegotiate, or renege on, contracts when a more advantageous offer presented itself. Municipal officials, caught between their desire to enforce contracts and the need to avoid exploitation of domestic labor in order to ensure a plentiful migration of servants into Nantes, sided with servants surprisingly often. Servant women in Nantes, therefore, enjoyed a higher level of agency than did women serving in Italian cities where high numbers of slaves and indentured refugees distorted the market for, and attitudes toward, female domestics.
Calvin and Farel: the Dynamics of Legitimation in Early Calvinism
Authors: Oberman Heiko A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn 1541 Calvin did not return to Geneva to reform a city but to reform a nation: Geneva was to be the staging area, France the target. By no means the lonely decision-maker of later scholarship, from the very beginning Calvin together with Fare] and Viret formed the "Holy Triumvirate" (Bucer), cooperating closely and forging the powerful alliance between Geneva, Neuchitel, and Lausanne. In August-September 1558 their common front collapsed when Calvin sacrificed the bonds of friendship with his former comrades-in-arms, outmaneuvering the radical wing in an effort to respond to the unexpected opportunities for a legitimation of the Reformation in his native country.
Crossing the Borders: Ireland and the Irish Between England and America
Authors: Hadfield Andrew 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHistorians of early modern Ireland have often been rather too monolithic in their readings of representations of Ireland and the Irish. Many commentators now insist that Ireland has to be viewed in terms of British or European developments. Using examples from a selection of writers-Luke Gernon, Sir Henry Sidney, Sir William Herbert, John Derricke, Barnaby Rich, Sir John Davies-this article argues that Ireland was invariably represented through the use of overlapping, often competing, discourses of savagery and domestic political concerns. In themselves, such discourses can be further sub-divided into various empirical and theoretical modes of writing. Moreover, identical representations were often produced or read in different ways so that the significance of context and register has to be taken into account when examining the evidence available.
St. Nino and the Christianization of Pagan Georgia
Authors: Horn Cornelia B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe ancient land of Georgia (Iberia), in the Caucasus, has a long history of settlement and invasion, including incursions by Hittites, Scythians, Persians, and Greeks, to name a few. Pre-Christian beliefs included a varied assortment of beliefs and practices borrowed from Zoroastrian, classical pagan, and other traditions. The accounts of the conversion of Georgia preserved in sources of the 5th, 8th, and 12th centuries reveal how pre-Christian practices were taken up and reinterpreted by the Christian narrators. While there is some evidence of earlier missionary efforts, according to Rufinus' account in the Ecclesiastical History (402-403) Georgia's official conversion to Christianity took place in the first half of the fourth century. This conversion is unique in a number of ways, not the least being that credit for it must be given to a woman, St. Nino, the apostle to the Georgians. Later Georgian sources (12th century) indicate a substantial measure of discomfort with the conversion of Georgia by a woman.
Interactive Slave Operations: Muslim-Christian Jewish Contracts in Thirteenth-Century Barcelona
Authors: Burns Robert I. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMedieval Mediterranean Spain saw routine interaction between all three ethnoreligious populations, most of it random and undocumented. Slave purchases constituted one such tri-ethnic situation, as exemplified in the four charters transcribed and contextualized here, from the cathedral archives of Barcelona in 1252, 1275, 1286, and 1290. Each operation moved a slave from one public and private cultural ambience to another; each involved women; each was a local, short-term transaction; and each illustrates the generalities available in our slave data base. Family, social class, economic framework, and legal context can be clarified for each transaction in turn. As corsairs scoured the seas, especially for women slaves to service the century's new patrician life-style, a Muslim slave community populated perhaps 21 percent of Barcelona households, part of a mass population interchange between Islam and Christendom, facilitated by Jewish entrepreneurs whose Hebrew signatures are on each of these early and therefore rare slave parchments.
Rorty on the literalization of metaphor
Authors: Edwards Tony 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn his recent writings, Richard Rorty has sketched a theory of cultural change. He finds that metaphor is at the leading edge of culture, and that the gains of metaphor are consolidated in literalization. Yet his understanding of meaning and metaphor requires him to draw a sharp "line" between metaphorical and literal uses - a line that has some unfortunate implications for the study of religion. As it turns out, however, Rorty's line is difficult to discern in actual cases of literalization. By examining his account of one of his own acts of literalization, I argue that the problem lies not merely in the application of Rorty's theory but in the theory itself.
Do Women Really Need a "God/Ess" To Save Them? an Inquiry Into Notions of the Divine Feminine
Authors: Hewitt Marsha Aileen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe rise of women-focused spirituality presents several difficulties for feminisms concerned with the liberation of women. In this paper I look at several issues. In the first I focus upon theoretical problems that arise when replacing a female deity with a male deity, while in the second I focus upon both theoretical and methodological concerns in the enterprise of locating a female based religious system. In order to do the latter, I explore a number of the epistomolgical implications found in the work of Luce Irigaray.
Religion as an Independent Variable: Revisiting the Weberian Hypothesis'
Authors: Krymkowski Daniel H. , Martin Luther H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStudies in the sociology of religion generally assume "religion" to be causal with little or no attention paid to the theoretical justification or basis for such a claim. We argue in this paper that most such studies fail to satisfy the conditions for causal inference. Further, Weber, whom sociologists of religion often cite when theoretical claims are made, at worse never proposes religion as an independent variable and, at best is very ambiguous on the issue. We suggest that recent directions in cognitive psychology might form the basis for further research concerning the social significance of religion.
Mircea Eliade, Postmodernism, and the Problematic Nature of Representational Thinking
Authors: Olson Carl 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis essay reviews the "ten affinities" Bryan S. Rennie proposes, in his book, Reconstructing Eliade (1996), to establish Mircea Eliade as a precursor of postmodernism. These affinities can be grouped together as historical, ontological, and epistemological. The paper goes on to refute these affinities between Eliade and postmodernism by drawing on the work of undisputedly recognized postmodern thinkers.