bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The assessment of children with autism based on computer vision
Authors: Ran Ruisheng , Liang Wei , Deng Shan , Fan Xin , Shi Kai , Wang Ting , Dong Shuhong , Hu Qianwei , Liu Chenyi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a computer vision-based method for assessing and predicting autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).Traditional diagnostic methods for ASD have disadvantages such as high cost, strong subjectivity, and long time, but thismethod is convenient, low cost, and avoids some defects of traditional diagnostic methods. The research team designed asocial interaction scenario and collected an autistic child Face dataset (ACFD), then used computer vision methods to extractinformation about the children’s faces. On this basis, multiple features of children were obtained from four aspects: facialappearance time, eye concentration analysis, response time to name calls, and emotional expression ability, which were usedto assess and compare children with autism and typical development (TD). Finally, multiple features were linked together andmachine learning methods were used to classify children. The experimental results show that multiple features can reflect thetypical symptoms of children, and the classification accuracy of the prediction model is up to 92.16%, which proves that theautomatic recognition method can provide auxiliary diagnosis and data support for doctors. This method provides a new ideaand direction for early diagnosis and intervention of ASD, which is of great significance for improving the quality of life andtreatment effect of children with ASD.
Potentially functional genetic polymorphisms of USP45 and PRFP19 in the NER pathway genes predict HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma survival
Authors: Wei Junjie , Qiu Moqin , Cao Ji , Zhou Zihan , Zhan Shicheng , Jiang Binbin , Qin Liming , Lin Qiuling , Jiang Yanji , Liang Xiumei , Chen Peiqin , Wei Yuying , Wen Qiuping , Wei Xiaoxia , Guo Qian , Li Jianxu , Yu Hongping , Liu Yingchun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is an important DNA damage repair pathway involved in prognosis of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genetic variants in NER pathway genes and overall survival (OS) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses was performed to investigate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in candidate genes and OS of 866 patients with operable hepatitis B virus (HBV) related HCC. The relationship between SNPs and corresponding genes was estimated by GTEx database and 1000 Genomes project. Online biological information databases were used for functional annotation of SNPs. Gene expression was calculated using data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to evaluate the relationship between gene expression and OS in HBV-HCC patients. cBioPortal database was applied to observe the mutation rate of genes in HCC tumor tissues. We identified two independent functional SNPs were significantly associated with OS of HBV-HCC patients [USP45 rs4840048 T > C: Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.48–0.86, P = 0.003) and PRPF19 rs7116665 C > A: HR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.13–1.53, P < 0.001). Besides, rs4840048 T allele was significantly correlated with higher USP45 mRNA expression levels (P = 0.010), while rs7116665 A allele was significantly correlated with decreased PRPF19 mRNA expression levels (P = 0.003). In the TCGA database, high expression of USP45 and PRPF19 was associated with poorer survival in HCC patients (P = 0.026 and P < 0.001, respectively). Our finding indicated that the two SNPs in NER pathway genes may be novel biomarkers of the survival in HBV-HCC patients.
Bio-Inspired Auto-Adaptive Framework for Optimized Movement of Passive Knee Prosthesis
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Tiwana Mohsin Islam , Qureshi Waqar Shahid , Hussain Syed Tayyab , Khan Umar Shahbaz , Naseer Noman 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This research addresses the challenges faced by amputees who struggle with performing daily activities due to missing limbs. The objective is to create a bio-inspired framework that intelligently adapts to compensate for lost mobility for amputees wearing passive knee prostheses. The framework incorporates a comprehensive study of human movement plans, utilizing a mathematical model of a damping control mechanism of the prosthesis, sensors (IMUs, goniometer, EMG, and tactile), and empirical analysis of the functional role of the human brain (HBN) Vs machine brain (MBN) in daily life activities. In real-world testing, the framework successfully controlled the knee flexion angle for amputees within the normal range of motion (64° ± 6). Our deep learning architecture achieved a high classification accuracy of 94.44% for gait phase events, with an 81% testing accuracy for amputees. Empirical analysis revealed a functional distribution of 70% HBN involvement and 30% for the MBN (prosthetic control unit) contribution to biomechanical activities. The proposed framework demonstrated optimized movement, reducing hip hikes and fatigue, maintaining normal knee flexion, and achieving a 95% balance and fall prevention rate. This research presents a promising solution for enhancing the functionality of passive knee prostheses, significantly improving the quality of life for amputees.
Emotion Dysregulation in Adolescents Is Normalized by ADHD Pharmacological Treatment
Authors: Kondi Krisztina , Takács Mária , Kovács-Posta Evelyn , Szajli Claudia , Sebők-Welker Tünde , Réthelyi János M. , Bunford Nóra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with emotion dysregulation (ED) and in ADHD, beyond ADHD and comorbidity severity, ED confers increased risk for negative outcomes. First- and second-line ADHD pharmacotherapy is effective at ameliorating core symptoms and improving cognitive functioning and accumulating evidence indicates primairly in children and adults, active ADHD pharmacotherapy has beneficial effects on emotional symptoms. Gaps in knowledge remain about whether in adolescents, ADHD pharmacotherapy has beneficial effects on ED or about the extent to which effects are apparent for discontinued/ past ADHD pharmacotherapy.
Methods.
Examined, in N = 297 adolescents (Mage=15.77 years, SD = 1.06; 39.06% girls; n = 86 classified as with ADHD), whether accounting for depression and oppositional symptoms, concurrent and 18-month prospective measures of parent- and self-reported ED (1) differ across adolescents without ADHD, medication-naïve adolescents with ADHD, and ever-medicated (currently or previously) adolescents with ADHD.
Results.
For parent-reported ED, ever medicated adolescents with ADHD exhibited a decline in ED over time whereas adolescents without ADHD and never medicated adolescents with ADHD exhibited no changes in ED over time. For self-reported ED, ever-medicated adolescents with ADHD exhibited lower ED than never medicated adolescents with ADHD who exhibited greater ED than adolescents without ADHD. Currently and previously (but not currently) medicated adolescents did not differ in ED. Across parent- and self-reported findings, observed pattern of results held when analyses focused on adolescents who did not change medication status between baseline and follow-up.
Conclusions.
ADHD pharmacotherapy may have a boosting effect on longitudinal changes in parent-reported ED and a normalizing effect on concurrent measures of self-reported ED in adolescents.
Adverse renal outcomes associated with hematuria and its associated factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li YingXiang , FANG Yi , Li Yang , XUE Ning , BAO Si-yu , Xun Zixuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Longitudinal evidence of the prognostic value of hematuria and associated factors predicting the risk of renal outcome vary.
Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association of hematuria and adverse kidney events and summarized the associated factors.
Methods
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane was conducted from January 1, 2010, to December 20, 2022. Longitudinal studies focusing on the prognostic value of hematuria on renal outcome were included in the analysis (PROSPERO registration CRD42023387845).
Results
The search generated 34 studies, of which 20 studies involving 1,047,171 participants were included in the systematic review. Baseline hematuria showed a 64% increased risk of adverse kidney outcome (risk ratio (RR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43 − 2.19). Hematuria remission showed a 63% decreased risk of adverse kidney outcomes (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.24 − 0.55).
Conclusions
Hematuria increases the risk of adverse kidney events. Hematuria remission has a favorable effect on renal outcome.
Social isolation recruits amygdala-cortical circuitry to escalate alcohol drinking
Authors: Tye Kay , Patel Reesha , Patarino Makenzie , Kim Kelly , Pamintuan Rachelle , Taschbach Felix , Li Hao , Lee Christopher , Hoek Aniek , Castro Rogelio , Cazares Christian , Miranda Raymundo , Jia Caroline , Delahanty Jeremy , Batra Kanha , Keyes Laurel , Libster Avraham , Wichmann Romy , Pereira Talmo , Benna Marcus 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

How do social factors impact the brain and contribute to increased alcohol drinking? We found that social rank predicts alcohol drinking, where subordinates drink more than dominants. Furthermore, social isolation escalates alcohol drinking, particularly impacting subordinates who display a greater increase in alcohol drinking compared to dominants. Using cellular resolution calcium imaging, we show that the basolateral amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex (BLA-mPFC) circuit predicts alcohol drinking in a rank-dependent manner, unlike non-specific BLA activity. The BLA-mPFC circuit becomes hyperexcitable during social isolation, detecting social isolation states. Mimicking the observed increases in BLA-mPFC activity using optogenetics was sufficient to increase alcohol drinking, suggesting the BLA-mPFC circuit may be a neural substrate for the negative impact of social isolation. To test the hypothesis that the BLA-mPFC circuit conveys a signal induced by social isolation to motivate alcohol consumption, we first determined if this circuit detects social information. Leveraging optogenetics in combination with calcium imaging and computer vision pose tracking, we found that BLA-mPFC circuitry governs social behavior and neural representation of social contact. We further show that BLA-mPFC stimulation mimics social isolation-induced mPFC encoding of sucrose and alcohol, and inhibition of the BLA-mPFC circuit decreases alcohol drinking following social isolation. Collectively, these data suggest the amygdala-cortical circuit mirrors a neural encoding state similar to social isolation and underlies social isolation-associated alcohol drinking.
Perceptions of Disrespect in the Hospital Workforce During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis and Implications for the Future
Authors: Edelstein Lauren , Zhuang Chu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic brought disruption and uncertainties to hospital settings. The objective of the study is to expand our understanding of how the intensity and stressors of the pandemic impacted perceptions of disrespect among the United States (US) hospital workforce. This investigation focuses on three core dimensions. First, the study seeks to shed light on how perceptions of disrespect during the pandemic varied by job category, including physicians, nurses, clinical specialists, supervisors, and non-clinical support staff. Second, this analysis looks at the effect of having direct patient interaction on the likelihood that hospital workers perceived disrespect. And, lastly, this research compares worker perceptions of disrespect during the early versus later pandemic timeframes.
Methods
This study uses logistic regression and bivariate comparative analysis of publicly available data from the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s (AHRQ) 2021 and 2022 Hospital Surveys on Patient Safety Culture 2.0, spanning survey years of 2020–2022.
Results
Perceptions of workplace disrespect during the COVID-19 pandemic varied across job categories. Nurses and support staff are found to perceive the most disrespect, and physicians are much less likely than nurses to perceive disrespect (-.53 OR, p < 0.01). For both nursing and support workers, direct patient interaction did not play a role in the likelihood of perceiving disrespect. By contrast, for physicians, clinical specialists, and supervisors, directly interacting with patients is found to significantly impact the likelihood of perceiving disrespect. Physicians are also the job category with the greatest percentage shift (20–25%) in increased perceptions of disrespect from early to later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions
Removing blind spots to experiences of disrespect within the workforce is essential to reducing it. Equipping workers with multiple pathways to safely report perceived disrespect without fear of retribution is the first step that can enable healthcare institutions to address it. Heightened accountability at all levels of an organization, conflict management and communication training, and team and individual interventions such as one-on-one coaching and peer support programs may all be useful strategies for improving cultures of respect.
Comparative analysis of the effect of 6-Benzylaminopurin versus meta-Topolin on in vitro regeneration, Chlorophyll and protein contents in winter cherry Withania somnifera
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Singh Shweta , Banerjee Madhuparna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The use of meta-Topolin (mT) in tissue culture has been conducted on several plant species and showed very effective results. The present study was carried out using MS media supplemented with different concentrations of BAP + AdSO4 and meta-Topolin alone to standardize a viable protocol for micropropagation and to compare the effect of different phytohormones for fast and efficient multiplication, total chlorophyll content and protein estimation of W. somnifera through tissue culture by using shoot tip and nodes as explants. For rooting, IBA was used to get a healthy and advantageous root system. Comparatively, in all contexts, 2.5 mg/l mT showed better result with bud breaking percentage of 88.9 ± 0.42%, rate of shoot multiplication of 22.4 ± 4.16 shootlets per explant, Total chlorophyll content of 0.887 ± 0.004 mg/g and protein content 25.67 ± 0.25%. IBA (2.0 mg/l) resulted in a healthy advantageous root system to the shootlets. Upon transfer, overall 80% of plants survived during hardening which was initially treated with mT. Treatment with MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP + 50 mg/l AdSO4 resulted in bud breaking percentage 61.1 ± 0.09%, rate of shoot multiplication 15.8 ± 7.81 shootlets per explant, total chlorophyll contents 0.7194 ± 0.0055 mg/g and protein contents 23.33 ± 0.25%. Upon hardening, 78% of plantlets survived during hardening which was initially treated with BAP + AdSO4. Therefore, mT may be used as an alternative source of cytokinin for obtaining a higher rate of plant regeneration in W. somnifera.
Cerebral Doppler identifies very small fetuses that are less likely to experience intrapartum acidosis
Authors: Morales-Roselló José , Martínez-Varea Alicia , Khalil Asma 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate whether, in late pregnancy, the cerebral Doppler can identify very small fetuses that are less likely to experience intrapartum acidosis (IA).
Methods
This was a retrospective study of 282 singleton pregnancies that underwent an ultrasound scan at 32+ 0- 40+ 6 weeks and were delivered after induction, or spontaneous onset of labor. Very small fetuses were defined as fetuses with estimated weight less than the 3rd centile. IA was diagnosed in case of abnormal intrapartum fetal heart rate or intrapartum fetal scalp pH < 7.20, requiring urgent cesarean section, neonatal pH below 7.10 and Apgar score at 5 minutes < 7. The ability of the cerebral Doppler, middle cerebral artery pulsatility index, and cerebroplacental ratio, expressed in multiples of the median (MCA PI MoM and CPR MoM), to rule out the risk of IA was evaluated alone and combined with other sonographic and clinical parameters by means of logistic regression and ROC curve analyses.
Results
The only significant parameters determining IA were parity, MCA PI, and CPR MoM. [AUC 0.62 (95% CI 0.54–0.71, P = 0.012), 0.62 (95% CI 0.53–0.71, P = 0.008), 0.60 (95% CI 0.51–0.69, P = 0.020), respectively], while the best prediction was obtained combining parity with MCA PI or CPR [AUC 0.68 (95% CI 0.60–0.76), 0.67 (95% CI 0.60–0.75), P < 0.0001 for both]. Moreover, 90% of IA cases had MCA PI and CPR values below 1.1 MoM, while 100% had MCA and CPR values below 1.5 and 1.3 MoM. Finally, the negative predictive value was 82% for any combination of parameters that included either the MCA MoM or CPR MoM.
Conclusion
The cerebral Doppler can select very small fetuses that are less likely to experience IA. These fetuses might be to some extent constitutionally small and might be candidates for a more conservative management.
Study on aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent based on the compound system of nonionic fluorocarbon and cationic hydrocarbon surfactants
Authors: Zhang Ding , Peng Mengyuan , Sha Min , Wang Xiaopeng , Jiang Biao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Halon fire extinguishing agent has the advantages of high fire extinguishing efficiency and no pollution to fire-fighting target, but it is gradually being phased out as ozone depleting substance. Therefore, as a substitute for Halon, the research of aqueous film forming foam extinguishing agent (AFFF) is in the ascendant. In this paper, three kinds of environmentally friendly aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent formula (F-1, F-2, F-3) were designed with the perfluorinated branched short-chain fluorocarbon nonionic surfactant (PBNS), N-octyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(OTAB) and dodecyl betaine(BS-12) compounded system as the foaming agent, and multiple foam performance experiments showed that F-1 had superior foam performance. The initial foam height h0 was 48 mm, 25% drainage time was 240 s, the fire extinguishing time was 60 s, and the burn-back time was 610 s. This kind of fire extinguishing agent had potential fire-fighting application and could be used as the potential substitute for Halon fire extinguishing agent.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Markers of Aggressive Subtypes of Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Chart Review Study
Authors: Radi Suhaib Adel , Al-Maghrabi Mazin , Binmahfooz Saleh , Franco Miguel , Payne Richard , Tamilia Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Importance: The prevalence of thyroid cancer has increased significantly. Aggressive subtypes of papillary thyroid cancer (AG-PTC) and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) are malignancies that lie between well-differentiated and undifferentiated cancers. The management of well-differentiated cancers has been established in the literature; however, that of AG-PTC and PDTC needs to be clarified. Objective: To describe the clinicopathological characteristics and genomic landscape of AG-PTC and PDTC and to assess their prognostic value. We primarily aimed to determine the association between persistent or recurrent thyroid cancer and clinicopathological prognostic markers Design: A retrospective chart review of patients with thyroid cancer over the last 10 years Setting: Single center Participants: Patients with AG-PTC or high-grade follicular cell-derived malignancies (HGFM) were included in the analysis. HGFM comprised of patients with PDTC & differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma. The clinical presentation, pathological characteristics, molecular markers, specific treatments, and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Exposure(s): Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): Results: Of the 3,244 thyroid cancer charts reviewed, 136 met the criteria for AG-PTC and HGFM. The mean age at diagnosis was 49 years, with a predominance of women. The median follow-up duration was 3 years. The rate of persistent or recurrent disease was 40.3% in the AG-PTC group and 29.3% in the HGFM group, 4.5% died in the AG-PTC group, and 1.8% died in the HGFM group. The presence of vascular, lymphovascular invasion and extrathyroidal extension were associated with a higher incidence of persistent or recurrent disease (Hazard ratio: 2.5, 3.8, and 4.2, respectively; p < 0.05). When the Ki-67 index was divided into five groups, the recurrence rate was higher in the ≥ 20% Ki-67 group compared to lower Ki67 (P-value of 0.017). Although there was a numerical increase in the rate of persistent/recurrent disease among BRAF-mutated patients, it didn’t reach statistical significance. No difference was observed in recurrence based on percentage of aggressive/poorly differentiated tumor involvement. Conclusions and Relevance: Possible prognostic markers for predicting recurrent and persistent thyroid cancers and guiding therapy for AG-PTC and HGFM include vascular/lymphovascular invasion, extrathyroidal extension, and the proliferative index Ki-67.
A Novel Hierarchical Network-Based Approach to Unveil the Complexity of Functional Microbial Genome
Authors: Lu Yuntao , Li Qi , Li Tao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Biological networks serve a crucial role in elucidating intricate biological processes. While interspecies environmental interactions have been extensively studied, the exploration of gene interactions within species, particularly among individual microorganisms, is less developed. The proliferation of microbiome datasets necessitates a more nuanced analysis of microbial genome structures and functions. In this context, we introduce a novel construct, "Solid Motif Structures (SMS)", via a detailed biological network analysis of genomes within the same genus, effectively linking microbial genome structure with its function. Leveraging 162 high-quality genomes of Microcystis, a key freshwater cyanobacterium within microbial ecosystems, we established a comprehensive genome structure network. Employing advanced deep learning techniques, we uncovered 27 critical functional subnetworks and their associated SMS. Incorporating metagenomic data from seven geographically distinct lakes, we conducted a rigorous investigation into Microcystis' functional stability under varying environmental conditions, unveiling unique functional interaction models for each lake. Our work compiles these insights into an extensive resource repository, providing novel perspectives on the functional dynamics within Microcystis. This research advances biological network analysis, offering an innovative framework for understanding interactions between microbial genome structures and functions within the same genus.