bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarker clustering to address correlations in proteomic data
Authors: Carlson Scott M. , Najmi Amir , Cohen Harvey J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCorrelated variables have been shown to confound statistical analyses in microarray experiments. The same effect applies to an even greater degree in proteomics, especially with the use of MS for parallel measurements. Biological effects such as PTM, fragmentation, and multimer formation can produce strongly correlated variables. The problem is compounded in some types of MS by technical effects such as incomplete chromatographic separation, binding to multiple surfaces, or multiple ionizations. Existing methods for dimension reduction, notably principal components analysis and related techniques, are not always satisfactory because they produce data that often lack clear biological interpretation. We propose a preprocessing algorithm that clusters highly correlated features, using the Bayes information criterion to select an optimal number of clusters. Statistical analysis of clusters, instead of individual features, benefits from lower noise, and reduces the difficulties associated with strongly correlated data. This preprocessing increases the statistical power of analyses using false discovery rate on simulated data. Strong correlations are often present in real data, and we find that clustering improves biomarker discovery in clinical SELDI‐TOF‐MS datasets of plasma from patients with Kawasaki disease, and bone‐marrow cell extracts from patients with acute myeloid or acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Structure and reactivity in the hydrolyses of aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and chlorides
Authors: C. Regan Andrew , Watt C. Ian F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor hexanoic acid and its seven isomers, relative rates have been determined for acid catalysed esterification with methanol, and compared with those for saponification of the methyl esters. A good correlation between logarithms of relative rates for the two reactions is obtained, and it is suggested that the eight isomers provide a test set of compounds in which steric effects alone act on reactivity at the acyl carbon. A full set of steric parameters ($E_{\rm s}^\prime$ values) are presented. Rates of solvolyses of the acid chlorides of the isomers have been determined conductometrically in 3:1 wt:wt acetonitrile water. Logarithms of relative rates show a poor correlation with $E_{\rm s}^\prime$, and, taking into account the solvent dependence of the rates, the pattern excludes both rate‐limiting formation of a tetrahedral intermediate and rate‐limiting dissociation of chloride to form acylium ions. The remaining possibilities, a concerted process (AND) and rapid reversible formation of a hydrate followed by rate‐limiting dissociation of chloride (AN + D) are considered. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct NMR measurement of rotation rates: solvent effects on rotation barriers
Authors: Lomas John S. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract2,2,4,4‐Tetramethyl‐3‐{2‐[3,4‐dialkoxy‐5‐(3‐pyridyl)]thienyl}pentan‐3‐ols self‐associate both in the solid state and in solution. The IR spectra of the solids display a broad OH absorption at 3320 cm−1, corresponding to an intermolecularly hydrogen‐bonded syn rotamer, probably a dimer, as well as absorptions around 3500 cm−1 of the intramolecularly hydrogen‐bonded anti form. Well‐crystallized samples of these derivatives go into solution in the syn form but undergo rotation to the anti rotamer at a rate which can be measured directly by proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The diethoxy derivative was studied in a wide variety of solvents. The activation energy for syn→anti rotation is practically solvent‐independent, whereas that of the reverse reaction falls in hydrogen‐bonding solvents, by more than 2 kcal mol−1 on going from chloroform or benzene to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). By combining direct measurements at low temperature and Dynamic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (DNMR) results at high temperature, rotation rates were evaluated over a range of more than 100 K, and significantly large negative activation entropies determined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoindentation of biodegradable cellulose diacetate‐graft‐poly(L‐lactide) copolymers: Effect of molecular composition and thermal aging on mechanical properties
Authors: Lee Seung‐Hwan , Teramoto Yoshikuni , Wang Siqun , Pharr George M. , Rials Timothy G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNanoindentation of cellulose diacetate‐graft‐poly(lactide)s (CDA‐g‐PLLAs) synthesized by ring opening graft copolymerization of L‐lactide in bulk onto the residual hydroxyl positions on CDA were conducted to investigate the effect of the molecular composition and thermal aging on mechanical properties and creep behavior. Continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) technique was used to obtained hardness and elastic modulus. These material properties were expressed as a mean value from 100 to 300 nm depths and an unloading value at final indentation depth. The hardness and elastic modulus in all CDA‐g‐PLLAs were higher than those in pure CDA, indicating that the introduction of PLLA increases the hardness and elastic modulus. With an increase of crystallinity by thermal aging, the hardness and elastic modulus were increased in both CDA‐g‐PLLA and PLLA. The creep test performed by CSM showed that the creep strain of CDA was decreased by the grafting of PLLA. Thermal aging decreased the creep strain of CDA‐g‐PLLA and PLLA. With an increase of holding time, hardness was decreased, whereas elastic modulus was kept almost constant. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1114–1121, 2007
Local lamellar structures in banded spherulites analyzed by three‐dimensional electron tomography
Authors: Ikehara Takayuki , Jinnai Hiroshi , Kaneko Takeshi , Nishioka Hideo , Nishi Toshio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe lamellar morphology in banded spherulites of poly(ε‐caprolactone) blended with an amorphous polymer, poly(vinyl butyral), was investigated by three‐dimensional transmission electron tomography. It showed a local lamellar twist on a smaller scale than the band spacing by 2 orders of magnitude. It also indicated wavy lamellae and frequent variation in the direction of the lamellar plane. All these results indicated an S‐profiled lamellar structure; that is, the cross section perpendicular to the lamellar growth direction was S‐shaped. S‐profiled lamellae show these structures when they are sliced at a certain angle to the lamellar surface direction. Lamellar branching was also observed, but no screw dislocations that led to the formation of extinction rings were observed in this work. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1122–1125, 2007
Nonisothermal cold crystallization behavior and kinetics of polylactide/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Wu Defeng , Wu Liang , Wu Lanfeng , Xu Bin , Zhang Yisheng , Zhang Ming 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe nonisothermal cold crystallization behavior of intercalated polylactide (PLA)/clay nanocomposites (PLACNs) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscope, X‐ray diffractometer, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results show that both the cold crystallization temperature (Tcc) and melting point (Tm) of PLA matrix decreases monotonously with increasing of clay loadings, accompanied by the decreasing degree of crystallinity (Xc%) at the low heating rates (≤5 °C/min). However, the Xc% of PLACNs presents a remarkable increase at the high heating rate of 10 °C/min in contrast to that of neat PLA. The crystallization kinetics was then analyzed by the Avrami, Jezioney, Ozawa, Mo, Kissinger and Lauritzen–Hoffman kinetic models. It can be concluded that at the low heating rate, the cold crystallization of both the neat PLA and nanocomposites proceeds by regime III kinetics. The nucleation effect of clay promote the crystallization to some extent, while the impeding effect of clay results in the decrease of crystallization rate with increasing of clay loadings. At the high heating rate of 10 °C/min, crystallization proceeds mainly by regime II kinetics. Thus, the formation of much more incomplete crystals in the PLACNs with high clay loadings due to the dominant multiple nucleations mechanism in regime II, may have primary contribution to the lower crystallization kinetics, also as a result to the higher degree of crystallinity and lower melting point in contrast to that of neat PLA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1100–1113, 2007
Study of Quantitative Structure–Retention Relationship (QSRR) of Gas Chromatography for Polychlorinated Dibenzothiophenes on Non‐polar Columns
Authors: Chen Shu‐Da , Liu Hong‐Xia , Wang Zun‐Yao 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOptimized calculation of 135 Polychlorinated Dibenzothiophenes (PCDTs) was carried out at B3LYP/6‐31G* level with Gaussian 98 program. The structural and thermodynamic parameters identified with the Theoretical Linear Solvation Energy Relationship (TLSER) model were employed as theoretical descriptors in the Quantitative Structure–Retention Relationship (QSRR) models derived to predict Retention Indices (RI) of PCDTs. Two QSRR models developed for RI of PCDTs contain only one variable: the mean molecular polarizability (α) and entropy (S⊖), respectively. The best fitted equation for the correlation between RI and α of 25 PCDTs with experimental data was RI=−126.52(±2.86)+0.97(±0.01)α with R2 as 0.9942, SD as 2.22, suggesting high accuracy of the RI predicting model. The correlation between RI and S⊖ is strong, and the equation was RI=−184.17 (±3.09)+0.48(±0.01)S⊖ with R2 as 0.9961, SD as 1.81. Furthermore, using position of Cl substitution (NPCS) method, QSRR model of PCDTs was obtained: RI=6.23(±0.75)+13.36(±0.19)N with R2 as 0.9953, SD as 1.99. Method validation also showed that the three models of this study exhibit optimum stability. Finally, RI values of 110 PCDT congeners without experimental value were also predicted with the three models, respectively.
Influence of 15N enrichment on the net isotopic fractionation factor during the reduction of nitrate to nitrous oxide in soil
Authors: Mathieu Olivier , Lévêque Jean , Hénault Catherine , Ambus Per , Milloux Marie‐Jeanne , Andreux Francis 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas, is mainly emitted from soils during the denitrification process. Nitrogen stable‐isotope investigations can help to characterise the N2O source and N2O production mechanisms. The stable‐isotope approach is increasingly used with 15N natural abundance or relatively low 15N enrichment levels and requires a good knowledge of the isotopic fractionation effect inherent to this biological mechanism. This paper reports the measurement of the net and instantaneous isotopic fractionation factor (α) during the denitrification of NO to N2O over a range of 15N substrate enrichments (0.37 to 1.00 atom% 15N). At natural abundance level, the isotopic fractionation effect reported falls well within the range of data previously observed. For 15N‐enriched substrate, the value of α was not constant and decreased from 1.024 to 1.013, as a direct function of the isotopic enrichment of the labelled nitrate added. However, for enrichment greater than 0.6 atom% 15N, the value of α seems to be independent of substrate isotopic enrichment. These results suggest that for isotopic experiments applied to N2O emissions, the use of low 15N‐enriched tracers around 1.00 atom% 15N is valid. At this enrichment level, the isotopic effect appears negligible in comparison with the enrichment of the substrate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser‐induced photofragmentation of neutral and acidic glycans inside an ion‐trap mass spectrometer
Authors: Devakumar Arugadoss , Mechref Yehia , Kang Pilsoo , Novotny Milos V. , Reilly James P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPermethylated acidic and neutral N‐glycans representing different types of glycan structures, such as linear and branched sialylated structures, high‐mannose type and fucosylated complex type, were photodissociated with 157 nm vacuum ultraviolet light in a linear ion trap. Cross‐ring fragments corresponding to high‐energy fragmentation pathways were observed in abundance for all studied structures. Some product ions appear diagnostic for a linkage of sialic acid residues and the glycan antenna to which these residues are attached. A conclusive assignment of the fucosylation site of the studied glycan structure has been facilitated through measurement of cross‐ring fragmentation resulting from photodissociation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stahl im Hochbau – ein nachhaltiger Werkstoff?
Authors: Maydl Peter , Passer Alexander , Cresnik Guido 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeit dem Brundtland Report [12] im Jahr 1985 “Unsere gemeinsame Zukunft” und dem Erdgipfel von Rio 1992 ist der Begriff “Nachhaltige Entwicklung” in unserer Gesellschaft allgegenwärtig. Nachhaltigkeit bedeutet demnach, die Bedürfnisse der heutigen Generationen zu decken, ohne die Möglichkeiten künftiger Generationen zu gefährden. Unter dem Begriff “Nachhaltiges Bauen” (engl. sustainable construction) versteht man, Bauwerke ganzheitlich zu betrachten, also unter ökologischen, ökonomischen und soziokulturellen Gesichtspunkten. Dies bedeutet einen Paradigmenwechsel für das Bauwesen.Vom Österreichischen Stahlbauverband wurde 2003 eine Vorstudie mit dem Ziel in Auftrag gegeben, Stärken und Schwächen des Stahlbaus unter den neuen Rahmenbedingungen zu erheben und daraus Chancen und künftige Handlungsfelder für den Stahlhochbau abzuleiten. Es wurde untersucht, wo die Stahlskelettbauweise in bezug auf die ökologische Nachhaltigkeit im Vergleich zu Konkurrenzbauweisen liegt. Die ökologische Bewertung wurde mit dem Instrument der Ökobilanz gemäß ÖNORM EN ISO 14040 [25] durchgeführt. Ergebnis daraus ist eine Darstellung der Stahlskelettbauweise im Vergleich zur Holzskelett‐ und Stahlbetonbauweise. Aspekte der Rezyklierbarkeit oder Demontierbarkeit, also der Kreislauffähigkeit, sind mit den derzeitigen Ökobilanzen nicht abzubilden. Zudem zeigte sich, daß Vergleiche auf Produkt‐ oder Gebäudeebene zu verzerrten Ergebnissen führen können, da die zur Verfügung stehenden ökologischen Basisdaten unterschiedlicher Datenbanken große Schwankungsbreiten aufweisen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnten die ökologischen Kennwerte von Elektrostahl erheblich verbessert werden.
Alcohol sclerotherapy for successful treatment of focal adenomyosis: a case report
Authors: Furman B. , Appelman Z. , Hagay Z. , Caspi B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAdenomyosis is characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue within the myometrium. Treatment options range from use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and hormonal suppression for symptomatic relief, to endometrial ablation or even hysterectomy. We report a case of successful ultrasound‐guided aspiration of focal adenomyosis with intracavitary alcohol instillation in a patient with a recurrent intramural uterine lesion. This is the first report of the treatment of sclerotherapy by alcohol instillation, which may be considered as a reasonable alternative modality in treating rare cases of symptomatic adenomyosis. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonohysterographic endometrial sampling and hysteroscopic endometrial biopsy: a comparative study
Authors: Leone F. P. G. , Carsana L. , Lanzani C. , Vago G. , Ferrazzi E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the quantity and quality of endometrial tissue sampled at saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) with that obtained by directed endometrial biopsy by operative hysteroscopy in patients with diffusely thickened and/or inhomogeneous endometrium at SCSH. A secondary aim was a comparison of the extent of procedure‐related pain.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐eight patients with diffusely thickened (> 4 mm) and/or inhomogeneous endometrium at SCSH were prospectively recruited. Endometrial sampling was performed at the end of SCSH using the same 4.7‐mm intrauterine catheter that had been used for saline instillation. These samples were compared to directed endometrial biopsies obtained with the guidance of an office 5‐mm hysteroscope. After hysteroscopy, an extended guided curettage was performed under general anesthesia, providing specimens that were considered the gold standard for histological diagnosis. Endometrial specimen area (mm2), histologic concordance and procedure related pain (10‐cm VAS) were compared for the two techniques.ResultsThe median age of 88 pre‐ and of 40 post‐menopausal patients was 41 (interquartile range, 34–48) years and 57 (interquartile range, 52–67) years, respectively. The median area of endometrial specimen obtained by SCSH was 25.1 (interquartile range, 12.4–52.3) mm2 and was not significantly different from that obtained by hysteroscopy (16.9 (interquartile range, 10.0–52.7) mm2). The K values of the two different techniques for typical hyperplasia (n = 61) and for premalignant and malignant lesions (n = 26) were 0.91 and 0.94, respectively. Procedure‐related pain was not significantly different between pre‐ and postmenopausal patients for both sampling techniques.ConclusionsSCSH with sampling proved to be as good as and as tolerable as hysteroscopic biopsy in cases with diffusely thickened and/or inhomogeneous endometrium. Both these imaging and biopsy techniques should be considered a reliable outpatient procedure in the management of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of confocal 3D micro‐XRF spectrometer with dual CrMo excitation
Authors: Tsuji Kouichi , Nakano Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new 3D micro‐XRF instrument based on a confocal setup using two independent polycapillary x‐ray lenses and two x‐ray sources (Cr and Mo targets) was developed. A full polycapillary x‐ray lens was attached to each x‐ray tube. Another half polycapillary lens was attached to a silicon drift x‐ray detector (SDD). The focal spots of the three lenses were adjusted to a common position. The depth resolutions that were evaluated by use of a 10‐µm thick Au foil were approximately 90 µm for the x‐ray energy of Au Lα. The effects of the dual Cr–Mo x‐ray beam excitation were investigated. It was confirmed that the XRF intensity of light elements was increased by applying the Cr‐target x‐ray tube in a confocal configuration. In the proposed confocal configuration, 3D elemental mapping of the major elements of an amaranth seed was performed nondestructively at ambient air pressure. Each element of the seed showed different mapping images in the different depth layers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the stability of quasi‐static paths for finite dimensional elastic‐plastic systems with hardening
Authors: Martins J.A.C , Monteiro Marques M.D.P , Petrov A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper we prove the stability of quasi‐static paths of finite dimensional mechanical systems that have an elastic‐plastic behavior with linear hardening. The concept of stability of quasi‐static paths used here is essentially a continuity property relatively to the size of the initial perturbations (as in Lyapunov stability) and to the smallness of the rate of application of the external forces (which plays here the role of the small parameter in singular perturbation problems). The discussion of stability is preceded by the presentation of mathematical formulations (plus existence and uniqueness results) for those dynamic and quasi‐static problems, in a form that is convenient for the subsequent discussion of stability.
Ecological function losses caused by monotonous land use induce crop raiding by wildlife on the island of Yakushima, southern Japan
Authors: Agetsuma Naoki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMass production is a logical outcome of price competition in a capitalist economy. It has resulted in the need for large‐scale logging and planting of commercial crops. However, such monotonous land use, or monoculture, has damaged various ecological functions of forests and eroded the beneficial public service provided by forests. In Japan, the most widespread monotonous land use is associated with coniferous plantations, the expansion of which was encouraged by Forest Agency policies from 1958 that were aimed at increasing wood production. By 1986, half of all forested lands had been transformed into single‐species conifer plantations. These policies may damage the ecological functions of forests: to provide stable habitats for forest wildlife. In particular, food supplies for wildlife have fluctuated greatly after several decades of logging. Some species have therefore changed their ecology and begun to explore novel environments proactively in order to adapt to such extreme fluctuations. Such species have started to use farmlands that neighbor the plantations. In this sense, crop raiding by wildlife can be regarded as a negative result of monotonous land use due to the loss of ecological functions. Therefore, habitat management to rehabilitate ecological functions and to reorganize the landscape will be required in order to resolve the problem of crop raiding by wildlife. This study examines crop raiding by Japanese deer (Cervus nippon) and monkeys (Macaca fuscata) on the island of Yakushima, which typifies crop‐raiding situations in Japan.
Interaction of TACC proteins with the FHL family: implications for ERK signaling
Authors: Lauffart Brenda , Sondarva Gautam V. , Gangisetty Omkaram , Cincotta Melissa , Still Ivan H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Transforming acidic coiled coil (TACC) proteins play a conserved role in normal development and tumorigenesis through interactions with multiple complexes involved in transcription, translation, and centrosomal dynamics. However, despite significant work on the function of TACC3 in the control of centrosomal mechanics, relatively little functional data is known about the family’s founding member, TACC1. From a continued analysis of clones isolated by an unbiased yeast two‐hybrid assay, we now show direct physical interactions between the TACC1 and the FHL (Four and a Half LIM‐only) family of proteins. The authenticity of these interactions was validated both in vitro and in cellular systems. The FHLs exhibit diverse biological roles such as the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and are promiscuous coregulators for several transcription factors. The interaction of the endogenous TACC‐FHL proteins is primarily localized to the nucleus. However, similar to FHL2, overexpression of TACC1A in HEK293 is able to sequester serum activated ERK to the cytoplasm. This has the effect of reducing the serum induced transcriptional response of the c‐fos and c‐jun genes. The observation that TACCs can interact with the FHLs and alter their serum induced activities raises the possibility that the TACCs participate in crosstalk between cell signaling pathways important for cancer development and tumor progression. The transforming acidic coiled coil genes are known to be important prognostic indicators for breast, ovarian and lung cancer. In this manuscript, we identify a novel interaction between the TACCs and the FHL protein family. This interaction has an affect on ERK and may in part explain the variable associations and changes in subcellular locations of each family with specific subtypes of malignancy.