bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New physical effects at an air pseudochiral omega interface: Surface polaritons and proper leaky‐modes
Authors: Matos Sérgio A. , Paiva Carlos R. , Canto João R. , Barbosa Afonso M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSurface polaritons are guided electromagnetic waves propagating along a single interface, with the amplitude of the field decreasing along the direction that is normal to the interface. These modes can propagate along interfaces separating a conventional (double‐positive) isotropic medium either from a single‐negative or from a double‐negative medium. They were also found to propagate along isotropic–uniaxial and isotropic–biaxial interfaces. In this paper we show, for the first time, that surface polaritons can also occur at an interface between air and a pseudochiral omega medium. It is also shown, furthermore, that proper leaky‐modes can also exist in this special type of isotropic–bianisotropic interface—a completely new physical effect for a single interface between two lossless media. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48:2517–2520, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22009
Transparent‐ferromagnetic thermoplastic polymers for optical components
Authors: Carotenuto G. , Pepe G. , Davino D. , Martorana B. , Perlo P. , Acierno D. , Nicolais L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOptical plastics filled by nanosized magnetic particles may have important applications in the optical field (e.g. magneto–optics, etc.). Amorphous polystyrene filled by acicular magnetite particles of nanosized dimension (ca. 10 nm × 50 nm) has been obtained by thermal decomposition (at 200°C) of iron(II) mercaptide dissolved in the polymer. This nanocomposite material is quite transparent to visible light and shows ferromagnetic characteristics at room temperature. In particular, magnetic properties behaves anisotropically in the material and are related to the magnetite content. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2505–2508, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22012
Metamaterial transmission lines with extreme impedance values
Authors: Gil Marta , Gil Ignacio , Bonache Jordi , García‐García Joan , Martín Ferran 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this work, it is demonstrated that it is possible to synthesize the metamaterial transmission lines with extreme characteristic impedances. The structures consist on left‐handed microstrip lines based on the combination of complementary split rings resonators (CSRRs), which are etched in the ground plane, and series capacitive gaps. By means of an adequate design, it is possible to tailor the characteristic impedance of the lines over a wide margin. The realizable impedance values are not easily achievable through conventional transmission lines implemented in commercial microwave substrates. Several illustrative examples are provided and the limitations of the technique (relative to the maximum and minimum achievable impedances) are discussed. The compact dimensions of these artificial lines, related to the small electrical size of CSRRs, are also pointed out. These structures can be applied to the design of microwave components with severe requirements concerning characteristic impedance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2499–2506, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22013
Performance evaluations of microwave power amplifiers with single‐ and multi‐carrier quadrature amplitude modulations
Authors: Huang Chien‐Chang , Chen Kuan‐Yu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis article presents the performance evaluations of microwave power amplifiers (PAs) for different kinds of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes including π/4‐DQPSK and 16‐QAM for single‐carrier formats and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for multi‐carrier configuration, by using the time‐domain signal processing technique and the hybrid Volterra analysis. The influences due to various peak‐to‐average power ratios (PAPRs) of the modulation signals for the PA performances such as output powers, adjacent channel power ratios (ACPRs), and error vector magnitudes (EVMs) are shown with experimental verifications. A figure‐of‐merit of PAs based on linearity and efficiency is presented to establish a criterion for choosing the best working condition. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 2375–2378, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22020
A multi‐centre evaluation of absorbent products for men with light urinary incontinence
Authors: Fader Mandy , Macaulay Margaret , Pettersson Lena , Brooks Rodney , Cottenden Alan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAimsThis study compared the performance of the four main designs of absorbents for men with light incontinence: pouches (shields), leafs (guards), washable pant with integral pad (pantegral), and small disposable pad.Materials and MethodsWe did a multiple crossover trial. Men with light urinary incontinence were recruited. All pouches and leafs available in the UK were identified for inclusion. A single pantegral and small pad were selected based on previous evaluations for design comparison. Products were tested in random order for up to 1 week. Performance criteria (e.g., leakage and comfort) were rated using a validated product performance questionnaire. Wet product weights and amount of leakage were recorded in pad leakage diaries. “Overall opinion” for design performance was used as the primary outcome indicator.ResultsSeventy‐four men tested six leafs, six pouches, one pantegral, and one small pad. Leakage data was taken from 3,386 wet pads. The pouches generally performed poorly with few significant differences between products. The leafs were more variable with large and significant differences in ratings. Overall the leaf, pantegral, and small pad designs performed significantly better than the pouch (P ≤ 0.01) and the pantegral design performed significantly worse than the leaf (P = 0.01). One leaf product was outstanding and performed significantly better than all other designs (P ≤ 0.001).ConclusionThis is the first published trial of absorbent products specifically designed for men. Results show that one particular leaf product works best, the pantegral is most suitable only for very light incontinence and the pouches are least successful. Neurourol. Urodynam. 25:689–695, 2006. © British Crown Copyright 2006/DERA—Published with the Permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
Cytokine production following experimental implantation of xenogenic dermal collagen and polypropylene grafts in mice
Authors: Zheng Fang , Xu Luo , Verbiest Lieve , Verbeken Eric , De Ridder Dirk , Deprest Jan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAimWe earlier showed that xenogenic Pelvicol (Bard, Olen, Belgium) implants induce a lesser inflammatory response than Prolene (Johnson and Johnson, Dilbeek, Belgium). The purpose of this study was to determine cytokine profiles in the host immune responses to Pelvicol in a mouse model. The hypothesis was that Pelvicol would induce a “T‐helper2” (Th2) rather than T‐helper1 (Th1) type of inflammatory response.MethodsMice were implanted subcutaneously with Pelvicol or Prolene and the graft sites were harvested at 3 to 28 days. Histopathology was done and cytokine levels were determined by immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR. Flow cytometry was used to identify which cell population contributed to the observed cytokine production profiles.ResultsPelvicol induced a decreased inflammation and displayed an increase in IL‐10 and TGF‐β, but reduce of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ, indicating a Th2 type dominated response as examined by immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR. Flow cytometry showed that the monocytes/maceophages were the main cell population responsible for production of these cytokines. Monocytes/maceophages from Pelvicol explants showed upregulated expression of IL‐10 while Prolene explants expressed TNF‐α.ConclusionPelvicol induced a Th2 type cytokine‐dominated immune response after subcutaneous implantation in mice. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:280–289, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In patients undergoing neuromodulation for intractable urge incontinence a reduction in 24‐hr pad weight after the initial test stimulation best predicts long‐term patient satisfaction
Authors: Foster Raymond T. , Anoia Elizabeth J. , Webster George D. , Amundsen Cindy L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAimsTo evaluate long‐term patient satisfaction of sacral neuromodulation and to correlate satisfaction with incontinence parameters.MethodsPatients at least 1‐year remote from sacral neuromodulation were mailed a questionnaire to evaluate satisfaction and assess incontinence symptoms.ResultsFifty‐two patients were consecutively enrolled in the study. Forty‐nine questionnaires (94.2%) were returned. The average interval between implantation and questionnaire completion was 27.2 (range 12–52) months. 83.7% of respondents were satisfied and 79.6% of patients would “do it all over again.” Compared to dissatisfied subjects during test stimulation, the satisfied patients had a significant decrease in 24‐hr pad weight (84.5% vs. 60.6%, P = 0.002) but did not differ in daily pad usage (4.5 fewer pads per day vs. 3.4, P = 0.190). At long‐term follow‐up, satisfied patients noted significantly greater improvement in their Incontinence Impact Questionnaire score versus dissatisfied patients (mean improvement 53 vs. 10 points, P = 0.0003). Using multiple logistic regression, change in 24‐hr pad weight, but not change in average daily pad usage, was correlated with long‐term satisfaction.ConclusionsEighty‐four percent of patients were satisfied with sacral neuromodulation at a mean of 27 months. An 84.5% reduction in 24‐hr pad weight correlated with long‐term patient satisfaction. In addition to lack of efficacy, device pain was a contributing factor to dissatisfaction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:213–217, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of albumin in three French university hospitals: is prescription monitoring still useful in 2004?
Authors: Pradel Vincent , Tardieu Sophie , Micallef Joëlle , Signoret Anne , Villano Philippe , Gauthier Laurence , Vanelle Patrice , Blin Olivier ,   For the Albumin Study Group
Published: September 2006

AbstractPurposeUse of albumin (indications and quantities involved) has not been assessed in France since major changes occurred after the publication of Cochrane group meta‐analysis. The objectives of this study were to measure the repartition of albumin indications in three French university hospitals in 2004 and to assess the feasibility and usefulness to implement a prescription‐monitoring program.MethodsExhaustive record of albumin prescription during 2 months in three French university hospitals of Marseille. Inclusion of all patients with a first prescription of albumin between 15 March 2004 and 15 May 2004. Indication, formulation and quantity prescribed were recorded for each prescription.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐seven patients received a total of 426 prescriptions for a total quantity of 21 094 g of albumin during the study. The first indications were hypoalbuminemia (33% of total quantity), plasmapheresis (30.2%) and ascites or hepatorenal syndrome (13.7%). Fifty per cent of total quantity was used by 14 patients (7.5% of included patients).ConclusionsMost of albumin consumption in our study is concentrated on recognized indications or indications without alternative to albumin. The different levels of analysis (number of patient treated, number of prescription and quantities used) must be taken into account when analyzing medications such as albumin. Only a marginal proportion of consumption is expected to be saved with close monitoring of indications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel doubly polymerizable functional norbornene: Its synthesis, reactivity, and macromolecular architectures from a dual cure via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization and radical photopolymerization
Authors: Liaw Der‐Jang , Huang Ching‐Cheng , Hong Shou‐Mau 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA novel doubly polymerizable functional norbornene, 5‐(methacryloyloxyethylamino carboxylmethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene (NBMOACM), was prepared. The ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of NBMOACM was carried out to prepare polymers with crosslinkable side chains with the Grubbs catalyst. No gel formation occurred during the ROMP of NBMOACM. The 1H NMR spectrum of poly(NBMOACM) showed broad signals between 5.10 and 5.40 ppm, corresponding to the vinyl protons of the cis and trans double bonds of the ring‐opened polymer. Increasing the ratio of the monomer concentration to the catalyst concentration resulted in the formation of higher molecular weight polymers. Poly(NBMOACM) was incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) [poly(MMA)] to produce AB crosslinked materials. These crosslinked materials [1 wt % poly(NBMOACM), 10% weight loss temperature = 300 °C in air] had higher thermal stability than pure poly(MMA) (10% weight loss temperature = 276 °C in air). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6287–6298, 2006
A novel synthesis of polymer brush on multiwall carbon nanotubes bearing terminal monomeric unit
Authors: Ha Jin Uk , Kim Myunghun , Lee Jeongwoo , Choe Soonja , Cheong In Woo , Shim Sang Eun 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA novel approach to fabricate polymer brushes on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is proposed. Carboxyl groups on the surface of chemically oxidized CNTs were reacted with hexamethylene diisocyanate, followed by a reaction with methacrylamide to give terminal vinyl groups‐functionalized CNTs, so called “CNT‐mer.” The synthetic procedure was investigated step‐by‐step and the synthesized CNT‐mer was used to grow polystyrene (PS) from CNTs by a simple in situ polymerization in the presence of a thermal initiator. By employing 1H NMR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and light scattering, the experimental results were verified. Using this approach, 45% PS with respect to CNTs are grafted on the surface of CNTs with about 4.0 nm thickness. This novel technique would provide a facile route to prepare tailor‐made polymer brushes on the surface of CNTs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44:6394–6401, 2006
Relaxational behavior of poly(4‐tetrahydropyranyl) methacrylate
Authors: Sanchis Maria J. , Domínguez‐Espinosa Gustavo , Díaz‐Calleja Ricardo , Alegría Luz , Gargallo Ligia , Radić Deodato 
Published: September 2006

AbstractComplex permittivity of poly(4‐tetrahydropyranyl methacrylate) (P4THPMA) was measured by dielectric spectroscopy. The spectra obtained show several relaxation processes labeled as δ, γ, β, and α in increasing order of temperature. These processes have been characterized and assigned to specific molecular motions. Comparison of the dielectric activity obtained for P4THPMA with those reported for poly(1,3‐dioxan‐5‐yl‐methacrylate) (PDMA) and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PCHMA) was performed. In fact, these three polymers have similar chemical structures with aliphatic rings in the ester residue. However, significant differences between the dielectric behavior of these polymers have been observed. In addition, complementary molecular mechanic (MM) calculations have been carried out. The energy barriers obtained by these calculations lead to energy barriers which are in relatively good agreement with those derived from the dielectric measurement by means Arrhenius plots. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3135–3147, 2006
Predisposition of the dark state of rhodopsin to functional changes in structure
Authors: Isin Basak , Rader A. J. , Dhiman Harpreet Kaur , Klein‐Seetharaman Judith , Bahar Ivet 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAs the only member of the family of G‐protein‐coupled receptors for which atomic coordinates are available, rhodopsin is widely studied for insight into the molecular mechanism of G‐protein‐coupled receptor activation. The currently available structures refer to the inactive, dark state, of rhodopsin, rather than the light‐activated metarhodopsin II (Meta II) state. A model for the Meta II state is proposed here by analyzing elastic network normal modes in conjunction with experimental data. Key mechanical features and interactions broken/formed in the proposed model are found to be consistent with the experimental data. The model is further tested by using a set of Meta II fluorescence decay rates measured to empirically characterize the deactivation of rhodopsin mutants. The model is found to correctly predict 93% of the experimentally observed effects in 119 rhodopsin mutants for which the decay rates and misfolding data have been measured, including a systematic analysis of Cys→Ser replacements reported here. Based on the detailed comparison between model and experiments, a cooperative activation mechanism is deduced that couples retinal isomerization to concerted changes in conformation, facilitated by the intrinsic dynamics of rhodopsin. A global hinge site is identified near the retinal‐binding pocket that ensures the efficient propagation of signals from the central transmembrane region to both cytoplasmic and extracellular ends. The predicted activation mechanism opens the transmembrane helices at the critical G‐protein binding cytoplasmic domain. This model provides a detailed, mechanistic description of the activation process, extending experimental observations and yielding new insights for further tests. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diameter controlled growth of iron‐filled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Müller C. , Leonhardt A. , Hampel S. , Büchner B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe report the chemical vapor deposition of Fe‐filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from metallorganic precursors (ferrocene, cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer) on oxidized silicon substrates precoated with single‐layered or multi‐layered catalyst films (Fe, Au/Fe or Au/Al/Fe). The performed experiments result in thin multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (<40 nm) with a narrow diameter distribution and containing up to several micrometer long single crystalline iron nanorods. Electron scanning microscopy shows that the CNTs grow vertically aligned to the substrate surface. Furthermore transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates nearly impurity free CNTs. These investigations are also complemented by X‐ray analysis. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ion–electron emission from CNx nanotube cathode
Authors: Okotrub A. V. , Gusel'nikov A. V. , Kudashov A. G. , Bugakov I. V. , Bulusheva L. G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe first experiments on registration of ion current accompanying the field electron emission from carbon nanotubes have been carried out. Emitted cathode has been made from multiwall CNx nanotubes synthesized by thermolysis of a ferrocene and acetonitrile mixture. Since the ion current peaked at the electron emission threshold, its origin was attributed to autoionization of the residual gas molecules adsorbed on the nanotube caps. Complex voltage dependence of the ion current could be related to the change in the autoionization potential of the adsorbed molecules with variation of nanotube diameter. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Functionalization of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Hirsch Andreas 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOur research is devoted to the design of new materials composed of various molecular building blocks such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, porphyrines, dendrimers, calixarenes and acetylene compounds. These functional units are linked by covalent bonds or via supramolecular organization. The aim is to generate structures, which, for example, represent models for redox proteins, enable a directed photo‐induced electron or energy transfer, can form micellar containers for the encapsulation of guest molecules, are useful for applications in the field of molecular electronics and serve as new redox active drugs. The basis for the successful realization of such complex architectures is a) the development of new synthesis concepts, for example, for chiral and amphiphilic building blocks as well as for derivatives of carbon rich molecules, b) the systematic investigation of the self‐assembly of achiral and chiral supramolecular organization motifs and c) the calculation of molecular properties with quantum mechanical methods. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of SWCNTs for C82 peapods by arc‐discharge process using nonmagnetic catalysts
Authors: Haluška Miro , Hulman Martin , Hornbostel Björn , Čech Jiři , Skákalová Viera , Roth Siegmar 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn the present work the way to grow SWCNTs, large enough to accommodate C82 fullerenes, using nonmagnetic metal catalysts is demonstrated. The growth was carried out in a water‐cooled dc arc‐discharge Krätschmer generator with horizontally aligned electrodes. Different methods such as Raman and optical spectroscopy, TGA and TEM were used for characterization of the materials produced under various growth conditions. The concentration of sulphur promoter strongly influences the yield of SWNTs and affects their diameter distribution. The highest relative concentration of SWCNTs with diameters larger than 1.5 nm was found for an addition of 0.9–1.3 at% of sulphur to PtRh catalysts. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Acceleration of lipid degradation by sericoside of Terminalia sericea roots in Fully differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells
Authors: Mochizuki Miyako , Hasegawa Noboru 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSericoside is a traditional herbal saponin from Terminalia sericea (Family Combretaceae). The influence of sericoside on lipolysis was studied in fully differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells, and glycerol release into the cytosol and residual triglyceride were measured. The addition of sericoside stimulated glycerol release into the cytosol from deposited triglyceride in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. These data suggested that sericoside has a strong lipolytic activity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnitude and significance of the higher‐order reduced density matrix cumulants
Authors: Herbert John M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractUsing full configuration interaction wave functions for Be and LiH, in both minimal and extended basis sets, we examine the absolute magnitude and energetic significance of various contributions to the three‐electron reduced density matrix (3‐RDM) and its connected (size‐consistent) component, the 3‐RDM cumulant (3‐RDMC). Minimal basis sets are shown to suppress the magnitude of the 3‐RDMC in an artificial manner, whereas in extended basis sets, 3‐RDMC matrix elements are often comparable in magnitude to the corresponding 3‐RDM elements, even in cases where this result is not required by spin angular momentum coupling. Formal considerations suggest that these observations should generalize to higher‐order p‐RDMs and p‐RDMCs (p > 3). This result is discussed within the context of electronic structure methods based on the contracted Schrödinger equation (CSE), as solution of the CSE relies on 3‐ and 4‐RDM “reconstruction functionals” that neglect the 3‐RDMC, the 4‐RDMC, or both. Although the 3‐RDMC is responsible for at most 0.2% of the total electronic energy in Be and LiH, it accounts for up to 70% of the correlation energy, raising questions regarding whether (and how) the CSE can offer a useful computational methodology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007