bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
North‐west propagation of the Grenville orogen: Grenvillian structure and metamorphism near Key Harbour, Georgian Bay, Ontario, Canada*
Authors: JAMIESON R. A. , CULSHAW N. G. , CORRIGAN D. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
We report structural and metamorphic data from a c. 25‐km transect across the eastern Grenville Front Tectonic Zone (GFTZ) to the Britt domain at the northern end of Georgian Bay near Key Harbour, Ontario. Constrasting Grenvillian structural and fabric elements characterize the eastern GFTZ, northern Britt domain and a narrow Transition Zone between them.Moderately to steeply dipping foliations with strong down‐dip lineations in all three divisions appear to be associated with NW‐directed thrusting. In the Transition Zone and northern Britt domain, early S = L fabrics with steep lineations are overprinted by younger structures (S > L) with shallow, SE‐SSE‐plunging lineations in which sparse, dominantly (but not exclusively) normal‐sense kinematic indicators are recognized. Pressure and temperature estimates from Grenvillian metamorphic assemblages in metadi‐abase indicate that conditions of P ± 12 kbar and T c 800° C were achieved before or during the thrust‐related deformation, with P‐T‐t paths that indicate near‐isothermal decompression to P c. 4 kbar and T c. 700° C. Correlation of fabric elements with points on the P‐T‐t paths suggests that exhumation occurred during two stages, the first associated with thrusting (≥1035 Ma) and the second with extension and thrusting (pre‐1003 Ma).The GFTZ contains steeply to moderately dipping, thrust‐related fabrics and lacks shallow, extensional structures; the latest episode of thrusting in the GFTZ is inferred to have taken place at 990‐980 Ma. The data are interpreted in terms of a tectonic model involving two stages of propagation of the Grenville orogen towards its foreland (≥1035 Ma and ≥980 Ma), with an intervening period of extension, although the tectonic regime probably remained compressional on the scale of the orogen.
Trace element redistribution in high‐temperature deformed gabbros from East Ligurian ophiolites (Northern Apennines, Italy): constraints on the origin of syndeformation fluids
Authors: TRIBUZIO R. , RICCARDI M. P. , OTTOLINI L. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Mg‐gabbros from East Ligurian ophiolites (Northern Apennines, Italy) display a high‐temperature/low‐pressure recrystallization localized along ductile shear zones. In deformed gabbros, the igneous diopside is recrystallized into granoblastic aggregates of neoblastic diopside and minor red‐brown amphibole. The latter displays a pargasitic composition, with high amounts of AlIV Na(A) and Ti (± 1.8, 0.7 and 0.4 atoms per formula unit, respectively). Major element composition of neoblastic minerals highlight equilibration temperature conditions in the range 800–950° C. Red‐brown Ti‐pargasite also occurs as a minor interstitial constituent, presumably growing from a residual trapped liquid, in the differentiated lithologies (Fe‐Ti‐diorites) of the plutonic ophiolitic complex.By means of ion microprobe (SIMS technique), rare earth (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb) and selected trace elements (Sr, Y, Cr, V, Sc, Zr, Ti) have been analysed in igneous and neoblastic diopside, as well as in Ti‐pargasites. Ti‐pargasites have also been analysed for F and Cl, and compared with the halogen composition of the amphiboles, mainly hornblendes to actinolites, which are related to the subsequent low‐temperature brittle evolution.Neoblastic Ti‐pargasite from deformed Mg‐gabbros bears close compositional similarities with igneous Ti‐pargasite from undeformed Fe‐Ti‐diorites, whereas it is geochemically distinct from the amphiboles post‐dating the ductile event. In particular, Ti‐pargasites have relatively high contents of F, REE, Y, Zr and Sr, which are not consistent with crystallization in the presence of seawater‐derived hydrothermal fluids.High‐grade recrystallization probably developed in the presence of volatile‐rich igneous fluids, either trapped between the cumulus minerals or injected into the ductile shear zones from outside the local system. An alternative hypothesis comprises the absence of fluid phase and the development of ductile shear zones in Ti‐pargasite‐rich layers. The petrological features of deformed gabbros recovered from present‐day slow‐spreading ridges and fracture zones bear close similarities with the investigated ophiolitic metagabbros. In East Ligurian ophiolites, high‐grade ductile shear zones have been related to the initial stages of the uplift of the gabbro‐peridotite complex to the sea‐floor.
Continuous reactions with amphibole, garnet and plagioclase
Authors: ZINGG A. J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
End‐member, continuous and degenerate reactions are derived for the multisystem with the six components Na2O, CaO, (Mg/Fe)O, Al2O3, SiO2, H2O among the phases plagioclasess, garnetss, amphiboless, cpx, opx, olivine, spinel, quartz and an aqueous fluid. The chemography of this system is degenerate due to the co‐linearity 2Opx = Ol + Qtz. This co‐linearity has its implications both on reaction space and phase equilibria.From a total of 28 reaction systems, reaction space is derived for nine subsystems (phases in parentheses are absent): Case A1: (Cpx,Ol) (Cpx,Opx) and (Cpx,Qtz), Case A2: (Spl,Ol) (Spl,Opx) and (Spl,Qtz), Case B: (Ol,Opx) (Ol,Qtz) and (Opx,Qtz).In the absence of either cpx or spl (case A), three reactions form an invariant point, either [Cpx] or [Spl], where the co‐linear phases olivine, opx and quartz coexist on the transformation line 2Opx = Ol + Qtz. Changing mineral compositions force invariant points to move along the line with the different reaction curves changing their relative position according to Schreinemakers’rules. Zero contours, i.e. the location where (a) phase(s) disappear(s) in reaction space correspond to singular points in phase diagrams. Two types are distinguished; singular points of indispensable and of substitutable phases. In the first case the phase disappears from the entire bundle while in the second it disappears from a single reaction. In the specific case where the substitutable phases are also the co‐linear ones, two of the three co‐linear phases disappear simultaneously. Two of the three reaction curves coincide.In the system including Cpx and Spl (Case B) three reactions, (Ol,Opx) (Ol,Qtz) and (Opx,Qtz), oppose three invariant points, [Ol], [Opx] and [Qtz]. Invariant points no longer move along the line 2Opx = Ol + Qtz. The coincidence of the zero contours of all three co‐linear phases in reaction space‐the result of the chemographic degeneracy‐causes the respective singular points to coincide in the phase diagrams. This is the location where curves must be rearranged in a bundle to conform Schreinemakers’rules.The reaction Grs1Prp2= 2 Ol + An is fourth order degenerate and part of all nine subsystems (cases A and B). It can be used to relate the different phase diagrams to one another.
Local disequilibrium of plagioclase in high‐temperature shear zones of the Ivrea Zone, Italy
Authors: ALTENBERGER U. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMicrostructural and chemical analysis of plagioclase in 20 superficially similar amphibolite facies ductile shear zones in metagabbors and amphibolites of the Ivrea Zone in Italy reveals significant differences in An and Ba contents. Plagioclase, which was deformed atP‐Tconditions lower than those of the wall rocks, occurs in the following four different microstructural situations with different chemical compositions: (i) relatively undeformed porphyroclasts, (ii) dynamically recrystallized grains and subgrains rimming the porphyroclasts, (iii) infill of microcracks cross‐cutting the porphyroclasts and (iv) fine‐grained recrystallized grains in the matrix of the shear zones. The differences in the An and Ba contents are caused by partial chemical equilibration of plagioclase in the shear zones during and partly after deformation. Changes in An and Ba contents were caused by fluid‐assisted grain‐boundary migration recrystallization, as well as by solid‐state diffusion, while fluid activity was high. The relation between the composition and microstructures of the plagioclase in the shear zones indicates that in the different shear zones, fluids ceased to be active during different stages in the late shear zone deformation history.The interpretation of the variations in composition and microstructures reveals that only grains that developed by grain‐boundary migration recrystallization and that are not adjacent to porphyroclasts reflectP‐Tconditions during the dominant shear‐zone deformation.
Funding Home Care in a Climate of Cost Containment
Authors: Knollmueller Ruth N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe health care industry is preoccupied with increased costs because total expenditures for health services in the United States more than tripled between 1971 and 1981. Policy makers and health providers are looking at what contributes to these expenditures and ways to contain the escalating costs. One solution suggested has been the consideration of alternatives to institutional care, particularly home care. Historically, home care was provided by official or voluntary nursing agencies. Recently, proprietary, private, not‐for‐profit organizations have entered the home care arena. Home care reimbursement methods are a patchwork, causing confusion and cash flow problems. Public funds are administered by different levels of government, by several agencies within each level, and with various eligibility requirements. Private insurance coverage is uneven and limited.
A Model of Community‐Focused Nursing
Authors: Storfjell Judith Lloyd , Cruise Patrice Artress 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTheoretically, the focus of community health nursing is the community; however, the nature of the practice has not been well documented. The purpose of this study was to develop a community‐focused model by identifying appropriate behaviors and activities for staff‐level community health nurses. A list of suggested behaviors and activities was compiled by means of brainstorming sessions and sent to a sample of community health nursing administrators, educators, and staff nurses in Michigan. Responses were analyzed using nonmetric multidimensional scaling techniques to uncover and define the primary underlying dimensions of perceived community‐focused practice of community health nursing. Three specific regions were identified and labeled: (1) client‐oriented services; (2) aggregate needs identification; and (3) aggregate planning and intervention. These regions (concepts) have been illustrated graphically in a proposed model for community focused nursing entitled the S‐C model. In addition, discrepancies among the three respondent groups were identified.
The Effects of Education on Self‐Care Agency
Authors: Stockdale‐Woolley Rebecca 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examined the effects of group education classes on self‐care agency (SCA) of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and assessed the four independent variables of presence of a significant other, severity of disease, social status, and type of lung disease, and the persons' relationships to SCA and to the change in SCA after education. A sample of 25 individuals with COPD who attended group education classes offered by the American Lung Association of Connecticut served as subjects. Prior to and at the conclusion of the series of classes, they were given questionnaires eliciting perceptions of SCA and biographic data. From the questionnaires, two SCA scores were calculated. A paired t test demonstrated that these individuals had a significantly greater SCA at the conclusion of the classes than at the beginning. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of the biographic variables identified above and SCA revealed a significant negative correlation between chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema and SCA. There were no correlations between biographic variables and the change in SCA scores. It was concluded that teaching increases SCA; the need to direct rehabilitative efforts with greater emphasis toward individuals with chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema was suggested.
The Use of Partners in Undergraduate Public Health Nursing
Authors: Edwards Linda H. , Eyer Jane , Kahn Evelyn H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study assessed undergraduate student perceptions regarding homevisitingwithpartnersdutingthepublkh ealthnursing clinical experience. Approximately 130 public health nursing students completed a self‐administered questionnaire at the end of their clinical experience. Students identified positive aspects of visiting with partners as support, safety, and collaboration. On ranked items, they identified support as the most important benefit from visiting in pairs. Feedback, safety, and ventilation were next in importance, while expertise of the partner and economic considerations wererankedasleastimportant Visitingwith oneconsistent partner was first choice in making visits, fonOWed by visits with rotating partners, and finally, visits with staff nurses or alone. These findings suggest that making home visits with a parlner can be a beneficial experience, increasing the support perceived by undergraduate students and enhancing learning through feedback and collaboration.
Health Status and Resources of Recently Bereaved Older Persons
Authors: Yeaworth Rosalee C. , Valanis Barbara 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis prospective, comparative study investigated variables in 60 recently widowed older men and women at three to four months and nine to 10 months after bereavement and compared them with an age‐matched of nonbereaved. Major sections of the Duke University Older Americans' Resources and Services multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire were used to measure physical and mental health and social and economic resources. The Zung self‐rating depression. scale (ZSDS) was used to evaluate the amount of depression. Subjects' scores were compared at Times 1 and 2 with scores of the comparison group. The bereaved were most impaired on physical health and economic resources: 18 percent were classified as moderately to severely depressed by the ZSDS and at both Times 1 and 2 they had significantly poorer scores than nonbereaved on all variables except social resources. For both groups, social and economic resources correlated highly with physical and mental health. Only for nonbereaved did age show a relationship to physical health and depression. Further research should focus on specific components of social resources and on evaluating interventions to reestablish social networks and mobilize social resources.
Identifying Needs and Community Resources in Arthritis Care
Authors: Liebman Judith J. , Hull Alan I. , Blauner Michael , Barkey John , Vignos Paul J. , Moskowitz R.W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA project was undertaken to determine the need for community services of persons with arthritis. It was first necessary to ascertain patients' viewpoints about what is most needed. A structured interview was developed and submitted to 189 primarily urban patients. Five sources were drawn upon to determine items for the interview: (1) selected arthritis literature; (2) patient interviews; (3) health professionals' viewpoints; (4) functional assessments; and (5) inquiries made to Arthritis Foundation staff. Sixty‐six questions based on 25 content areas were then developed. Functional states and demographic and medical information were also solicited. A factor analysis indicated three groups of needs: (1) general information; (2) personal care and medical services; and (3) assistive devices and equipment. Needs were matched with a comprehensive list of countywide resources derived from a computer data bank; a service directory was prepared and printed based on the compatibility between needs and community resources, and distributed to health and social service professionals, selected patients, and community leaders. The process used to select items for the interview was time consuming, but added face validity to the content areas selected. The outcome was vital to determining community resources capable of responding to need for service.
The Need for Graduate Education in Community Health Nursing: A Survey
Authors: Hanchett Effie S. , Chambers Bianca M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHome health care agency administrators and staff members were surveyed to determine areas of interest for a proposed expansion of the graduate program in community health nursing at Boston University School of Nursing. Two interrelated questionnaires were designed, one for administrators, the other for staff, and were mailed to agency directors. Forty‐six percent of the administrators and 29 percent of staff members responded. Roughly half (49%) of the staff members were graduates of baccalaureate programs in nursing and interested in graduate education in nursing. Clinical specialization within home health care was the area of greatest interest for both administrators and staff members, followed by home health care administration. Many agencies provided released time for the part‐time evening study preferred by staff. It was concluded that there is a great deal of interest in graduate education in home health care, including both clinical specialization and administration. Agency directors stated they were willing to hire graduates of such programs, and the overwhelming majority of staff members who were eligible for and interested in graduate study identified an interest in the subject.
Health Needs of Homeless Persons
Authors: Bowdler Jo Ensign , Barrell Lorna Mill 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study assessed the multidimensional health needs of the homeless population of Richmond, Virginia, using the Neuman systems model as the conceptual framework. A combination of indicator, key informant, and survey approaches was implemented. Specific health problems existed in the economic, social, mental, and physical health variables. Many of the homeless persons reported being single, having family problems, and being unemployed. Of particular interest were findings of a high prevalence of mental disorders, substance abuse, and infectious/parasitic diseases among the homeless. Implications of study results led to suggested program components for the nurse‐run health clinic targeting the homeless of Richmond, as well as for continuing nursing evaluation to document the effectiveness of this clinic.
Religion's Role in the Health and Well‐being of Well Elders
Authors: Mull Carolyn S. , Cox Cheryl L. , Sullivan Judith A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe examined the relationship between religiosity and well elders' perceived health status and sociopsychologic well‐being. A random sample of 380 residents of specialized housing units for seniors participated in a face‐to‐face structured interview. Ninety‐four percent agreed that religion was important in their lives. For those with adequate health and functional status, church or synagogue attendance was vitally important. As more symptoms were reported, personal religious practices increased, including frequency of prayer and listening to religious programs, as well as the importance of religious beliefs. Religious practices and beliefs may serve as a coping mechanism to deal with life's problems and/or as a social network and source of social support. The public health nurse's assessment of this aspect and its importance to older clients allows for the development of appropriate interventions that may mediate positive health and well‐being.
Prevention of Battering During Pregnancy: Focus on Behavioral Change
Authors: Helton Anne , McFarlane Judith , Anderson Elizabeth 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTo establish the prevalence of battering during pregnancy, 290 black, white, and hispanic women attending public and private prenatal clinics were randomly selected and interviewed. In all, 36 percent had been battered or were at risk for battering. Injuries included slaps, kicks, punches, broken bones, choking, and sexual assault. None of the pregnant women reported being assessed for abuse by their health care provider. To prevent the battering of pregnant women, an educational program was initiated based on a model of behavior change. Behavioral change expected was increased knowledge and routine abuse assessment by health professionals. This program was applied to 841 health providers working with pregnant women. After completing the program, 75 percent of the participants were assessing pregnant women for physical abuse or in the process of developing an assessment protocol.
The Public Health Nurse as a Discharge Planner: Patients' Perceptions of the Discharge Process
Authors: Kromminga Shellie K. , Ostwald Sharon K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe trend toward earlier patient discharges from hospitals has provided new incentives for hospitals and public health nurses to work together to ensure that patients receive uninterrupted quality care after discharge. This study investigated perceptions of the discharge process using a structured telephone interview to survey a sample of 30 adult patients who had been hospitalized for at least 24 hours in a small, rural community, hospital in the upper Midwest. The county public health nursing agency contracted with the hospital to provide discharge planning services. Patients identified discharge needs in 15 different areas, with a mean of 5.8 needs per patient. Twenty‐seven percent of the patients received referrals for the services of a public health nurse, homemaker, or both before discharge. One week after discharge 37 percent of the patients continued to need assistance appropriate for referral back to the professionals or agencies with whom they had had initial contact. Elderly patients with chronic illnesses were more likely to have received referrals at the time of discharge than younger patients with acute illnesses. Family and friends were heavily involved in providing support services in the postdischarge period.
Addressing the Needs of Underserved Populations in Community Health Nursing Education
Authors: Drapo Peggy J. , Patrick Charlotte R. , Kemp Charles 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCommunity health nursing that focuses on populations rather than individuals as clients is a concept that is challenging to teach. Nursing students at two centers of Texas Woman's University have been working with two diverse groups of populations that are considered underserved. One group is made up of Cambodian refugees who have been located in urban settings in Dallas, Texas. The second group, in a rural setting, is composed of migrant children who have moved with their parents to the area for agricultural work. They are mostly Mexican families. This article reports the means to use clinical sites to expose students to community‐level nursing of populations at risk while maintaining uniformity with the curriculum for the College of Nursing.