bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surprise, surprise: Two distinct components in the visually evoked distractor effect
Authors: Graupner Sven‐Thomas , Velichkovsky Boris M. , Pannasch Sebastian , Marx Johannes 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distractor effect is an inhibition of saccades shortly after a sudden visual event. It has been explained both as an oculomotor reflex and as a manifestation of the orienting response. To clarify which explanation is more appropriate, we investigated a possible habituation of this effect. Visual and auditory distractors were presented at gaze‐contingent intervals during the perception of meaningful pictures. Both reflexlike and modifiable components were present in the visual distractor effect, with latencies of about 110 and 180 ms, respectively. The influence of visual and auditory distractors on saccades preceded the earliest changes in cortical ERPs. Only for long‐term habituation in the visual modality was a correlation with ERPs (N1) found.
Motivational complexity of green consumerism
Authors: Moisander Johanna 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper elaborates on the motivational complexity of green consumerism using a simple model of motivation as an analytical tool. The objective is to provide insights into the challenges that environmentally concerned ‘green consumers’ may face in the markets, as well as to illustrate the limitations of framing and targeting environmental policy measures in terms of individual motivation and morally responsible decision making. On the whole, the paper argues that as a private lifestyle project of a single individual, ‘green consumerism’ is much too heavy a responsibility to bear. Therefore, the author joins the growing number of scholars who argue that in environmental policy the focus on individual consumers is limited and thus needs to be problematized.
The Arctic Alzheimer mutation favors intracellular amyloid‐β production by making amyloid precursor protein less available to α‐secretase
Authors: Sahlin Charlotte , Lord Anna , Magnusson Kristina , Englund Hillevi , Almeida Claudia G. , Greengard Paul , Nyberg Fred , Gouras Gunnar K. , Lannfelt Lars , Nilsson Lars N.G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMutations within the amyloid‐β (Aβ) domain of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) typically generate hemorrhagic strokes and vascular amyloid angiopathy. In contrast, the Arctic mutation (APP E693G) results in Alzheimer’s disease. Little is known about the pathologic mechanisms that result from the Arctic mutation, although increased formation of Aβ protofibrils in vitro and intraneuronal Aβ aggregates in vivo suggest that early steps in the amyloidogenic pathway are facilitated. Here we show that the Arctic mutation favors proamyloidogenic APP processing by increased β‐secretase cleavage, as demonstrated by altered levels of N‐ and C‐terminal APP fragments. Although the Arctic mutation is located close to the α‐secretase site, APP harboring the Arctic mutation is not an inferior substrate to a disintegrin and metalloprotease‐10, a major α‐secretase. Instead, the localization of Arctic APP is altered, with reduced levels at the cell surface making Arctic APP less available for α‐secretase cleavage. As a result, the extent and subcellular location of Aβ formation is changed, as revealed by increased Aβ levels, especially at intracellular locations. Our findings suggest that the unique clinical symptomatology and neuropathology associated with the Arctic mutation, but not with other intra‐Aβ mutations, could relate to altered APP processing with increased steady‐state levels of Arctic Aβ, particularly at intracellular locations.
POLDISP: a software package for indirect estimation of contemporary pollen dispersal
Authors: ROBLEDO‐ARNUNCIO JUAN J. , AUSTERLITZ FRÉDÉRIC , SMOUSE PETER E. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract poldisp 1.0 is a free software package to estimate the distribution of pollen dispersal distances from mother–offspring diploid genotypic data. It requires the spatial coordinates and genotypes of a sample of seed plants and their respective maternal progenies, providing estimates of the average, variance and kurtosis of the pollen dispersal curve. poldisp also estimates the effective reproductive density of pollen donors and the correlation of paternity within and among maternal sibships. poldisp is useful for characterizing the spatial scale of pollen dispersal, for assessing the variation in male fertility and for investigating biological factors affecting correlated paternity in plants.
Microsatellite DNA primers for the endangered vermilion darter, Etheostoma chermocki, and cross‐species amplification in other darters (Percidae: Etheostoma)
Authors: KHUDAMRONGSAWAT J. , HEATH L. S. , HEATH H. E. , HARRIS P. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe endangered vermilion darter (Etheostoma chermocki) is endemic to the Black Warrior River system in the Mobile Basin in Alabama. Restoration and conservation of this species require an understanding of its population genetic structure, which can be characterized using microsatellite DNA. Nine microsatellite loci were developed; eight loci were polymorphic. Although observed heterozygosity was lower than expected heterozygosity in most polymorphic loci, only one locus showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These nine markers were tested in an additional 24 species of Etheostoma and appear to have sufficient allelic variation to be useful in studies of population genetic structure.
Ten microsatellite loci from Zamia integrifolia (Zamiaceae)
Authors: MEEROW ALAN W. , NAKAMURA KYOKO 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTen microsatellite loci isolated from Zamia integrifolia are described. All 10 are polymorphic, with three to 10 alleles across 36 members of a single population from South Florida. Heterozygosities ranged from 0.139 to 0.889. Two loci depart significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and exhibit heterozygote deficiency. One locus pair exhibits significant linkage disequilibrium. The primers have also successfully amplified loci from Zamia portoricensis and Zamia ambliphyllidia. These loci will be utilized for population studies in the Caribbean Zamia pumila complex.
Microsatellite markers isolated from barn swallows (Hirundo rustica)
Authors: TSYUSKO OLGA V. , PETERS MAUREEN B. , HAGEN CRIS , TUBERVILLE TRACEY D. , MOUSSEAU TIMOTHY A. , MØLLER ANDERS P. , GLENN TRAVIS C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifteen polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci were isolated from barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) and optimized for future studies of radiation‐induced mutations in populations from Ukraine. The loci were screened for variability among 25 individuals from two populations. The primers amplified loci with relatively high numbers of alleles ranging from five to 32 alleles per locus and polymorphic information content from 0.481 to 0.951. Observed heterozygosity varied from 0.458 to 0.960. None of the loci showed deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in either population.
Rapid morphological divergence of introduced Red‐whiskered BulbulsPycnonotus jocosusin contrasting environments
Authors: AMIOT CHRISTOPHE , LORVELEC OLIVIER , MANDON‐DALGER ISABELLE , SARDELLA ANTONIA , LEQUILLIEC PATRICIA , CLERGEAU PHILIPPE 
Published: February 2007

New environmental conditions may impact on behaviour and morphology, and consequently affect population dynamics. Rapid response to new conditions is likely to be a key factor in species introduction success. The Red‐whiskered BulbulPycnonotus jocosusis an Asian species which, following accidental introduction only 30 years ago, has colonized the two climatically and ecologically contrasting sides of the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. We assessed the degree of morphological divergence of mature birds in 11 non‐seasonal and three seasonal characters, in windward and leeward sites. Our study showed (1) that sexual dimorphism existed, (2) that when sexual dimorphism is controlled, nine non‐seasonal characters differed significantly between windward and leeward sites, (3) that these non‐seasonal characters define groups of geographically proximal sites, especially in males, and (4) that classification according to the most indicative character, the bill, also clearly separated birds from windward and leeward sites. These results indicate very rapid morphological divergence, particularly in bill size, in an introduced bird species in fewer than ten generations. We suggest that differences in diet could partly explain this variability.
Use of credit and arrears on debt among low‐income families in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bridges Sarah , Disney Richard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHousehold accumulation of debt and arrears on debt, especially among low‐income families, is an extremely topical issue in the UK media and in policy circles. This paper utilises data from the UK's Survey of Low Income Families in order to examine use of credit, and default and arrears, among low‐income families with children. It shows how credit use and accumulation of arrears differ between single parents and couples with children, and also between homeowners and renters. It also briefly examines the persistence of arrears on specific forms of credit using the panel element of the data‐set, now named the Families and Children Survey.
Compliance costs for personal income tax in a transition country: the case of Slovenia
Authors: Clun Maja 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe evaluation of taxpayers' compliance costs has grown in significance within tax system research over the last 15 years. In 2001, two surveys of VAT and personal income taxpayers were conducted in Slovenia to evaluate compliance costs for the 2000 fiscal year. This paper presents the results of research into compliance costs for personal income tax in Slovenia. The results show that compliance costs for personal income tax are relatively low, primarily because most taxpayers consider filing their tax declaration to be a simple procedure, which means that consultancy costs are low.
Model for end‐stage liver disease score to serum sodium ratio index as a prognostic predictor and its correlation with portal pressure in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Huo Teh‐Ia , Wang Ying‐Wen , Yang Ying‐Ying , Lin Han‐Chieh , Lee Pui‐Ching , Hou Ming‐Chih , Lee Fa‐Yauh , Lee Shou‐Dong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground: The models for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) and serum sodium (SNa) are important prognostic markers in cirrhosis. A novel index, MELD to SNa ratio (MESO), was developed to amplify the opposing effect of MELD and SNa on outcome prediction.Methods: A total of 213 cirrhotic patients undergoing hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement were retrospectively analyzed.Results: The MESO index correlated with HVPG (r=0.258, P<0.001) and Child–Pugh score (ρ=0.749, P<0.001). Using mortality as the end point, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.860 for SNa, 0.795 for the MESO index and 0.789 for MELD (P values all >0.3) at 3 months. Among patients with Child–Pugh class A or B, the MESO index had a significantly higher AUC compared with MELD (0.80 vs. 0.766, P<0.001). A MESO index <1.6 identified 97% of patients who survived at 3 months and the predicted survival rate was 96.5%. In survival analysis, MESO index >1.6 independently predicted a higher mortality rate (relative risk: 3.32, P<0001) using the Cox model.Conclusions: The MESO index, which takes into account the predictive power of both MELD and SNa, is a useful prognostic predictor for both short‐ and long‐term survival in cirrhotic patients.
Formation of spinel‐cordierite‐feldspar‐glass coronas after garnet in metapelitic xenoliths: reaction modelling and geodynamic implications
Authors: ÁLVAREZ‐VALERO A. M. , CESARE B. , KRIEGSMAN L. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpinel + cordierite + K‐feldspar + plagioclase + glass form coronas around garnet in metapelitic xenoliths at El Hoyazo and Mazarrón, two localities of the Neogene Volcanic Province (NVP) of SE Spain. The presence of fresh glass (quenched melt) in all phases shows that corona development occurred under partial melting conditions. Algebraic analysis of mass balance in the NCKFMASH system suggests the reaction Grt + Sil + Bt + Pl = Spl + Crd + Kfs + melt as the most plausible model for the development of coronas in the El Hoyazo sample, and indicates that biotite was required as reactant for the formation of cordierite. The P–T conditions for the formation of coronas are estimated at ∼820 ± 50 °C, 4.5 ± 0.6 kbar at El Hoyazo, and ∼820 ± 50 °C, 4.0 ± 0.4 kbar at Mazarrón. The El Hoyazo xenoliths record a complex P–T history, characterized by early melt production during heating and additional melting during decompression. A local cooling event characterized by minor retrograde reaction and melt crystallization preceded ascent and eruption. This study shows that detailed xenolith analysis may be used to track magma evolution in a chamber.
Kyanite deformation in whiteschist of the ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic Kokchetav Massif, Kazakhstan
Authors: BEANE R. J. , FIELD C. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMicrostructures in minerals from ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic (UHPM) terranes are keys to understanding the rheological properties and the exhumation mechanisms of rocks from subduction zones. Kyanite‐bearing whiteschist, associated with eclogite lenses, is part of UHPM unit II located south‐west of Lake Zheltau in the Kulet region of the Kokchetav Massif. The equilibrium assemblage is kyanite + garnet + talc + phengite + coesite/quartz. Previously reported peak pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions are ∼3.5 GPa at 750 °C. A strong foliation is defined by the talc and phengite, with a corresponding weak shape preferred alignment of kyanite. Crystallographic orientation maps and analysis of kyanite blades were performed using electron backscatter diffraction methods. The data are consistent with a (100)[001] slip system for the formation of undulose extinction and kink bands in kyanite. Rotations measured across individual kink bands are 10–50° about <010>, and rotations along kyanite with undulose extinction are up to 50° about <010> with variations between adjacent points typically <2°. The undulose extinction is interpreted to have developed through crystal plastic deformation by dislocation creep. Kink bands mark the development of high‐angle grain boundaries by dislocation climb. The deformation of kyanite occurred in the fault‐bounded terrane during the exhumation of the Kokchetav Massif.
Influence of Mycotrophy on Native and Introduced Grass Regeneration in a Semiarid Grassland following Burning
Authors: O’Dea M. E. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract Prescribed burning is used in the southwestern United States to restore grasslands by reducing the abundance of encroaching woody species. Yet, the use of this tool appears to have the unintended effect of favoring the regeneration of some introduced grasses. Although both native and introduced perennial grasses evolved under the influence of fire, it is their response to mycotrophy in the immediate postburn environment that appears to give some grasses such as Lovegrass the advantage. In an exploratory study, two greenhouse experiments were completed in conjunction with a larger field study. A bioassay of soil from the study site found that soil exposed to burning had a significantly (p≤ 0.0001) lower mycorrhizal infection percentage than soil not exposed to burning, results which could not be explained by postburn erosion losses of inoculum alone. Results of the second greenhouse study revealed that differential response to mycotrophy clearly separated the Lovegrass (Eragrostis spp.) from the other genera studied. Lovegrass not infected by mycorrhizal fungi produced greater shoot biomass and inflorescence before the other noninfected studied grasses. Yet, infected Lovegrass did not develop inflorescence before harvest as the other genera infected by the mycorrhizal fungi did. Study results suggest that the lack of dependence by Lovegrass on mycorrhizal infection for reestablishing itself in the postburn environment gives it an advantage over those that do.
Treatments for Patients With Dual Diagnosis: A Review
Authors: Tiet Quyen Q. , Mausbach Brent 
Published: February 2007

Background: Comorbid substance use and mental illness is prevalent and often results in serious consequences. However, little is known about the efficacy of treatments for patients with dual diagnosis.Methods: This paper reviews both the psychosocial and medication treatments for those diagnosed with a substance‐related disorder and one of the following disorders: (a) depression, (b) anxiety disorder, (c) schizophrenia, (d) bipolar disorder, (e) severe mental illness, and (f) nonspecific mental illness. We made no restriction of study design to include all published studies, due to the dearth of studies on treatments of patients with dual diagnosis.Results: Fifty‐nine studies were identified (36 randomized‐controlled trials; RCT). Limited number of studies, especially RCTs, have been conducted within each comorbid category. This review did not find treatments that had been replicated and consistently showed clear advantages over comparison condition for both substance‐related and other psychiatric outcomes.Conclusions: Although no treatment was identified as efficacious for both psychiatric disorders and substance‐related disorder, this review finds: (1) existing efficacious treatments for reducing psychiatric symptoms also tend to work in dual‐diagnosis patients, (2) existing efficacious treatments for reducing substance use also decrease substance use in dually diagnosed patients, and (3) the efficacy of integrated treatment is still unclear. This review provides a critique of the current state of the literature, identifies the directions for future research on treatment of dual‐diagnosis individuals, and calls for urgent attention by researchers and funding agencies to conduct more and more methodologically rigorous research in this area.
Opioid Receptor Gene (OPRM1, OPRK1, and OPRD1) Variants and Response to Naltrexone Treatment for Alcohol Dependence: Results From the VA Cooperative Study
Authors: Gelernter Joel , Gueorguieva Ralitza , Kranzler Henry R. , Zhang Huiping , Cramer Joyce , Rosenheck Robert , Krystal John H. ,   the VA Cooperative Study #425 Study Group
Published: February 2007

Background: Pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence (AD) is at an early stage of development; currently available medications have limited efficacy. It would be clinically valuable to identify, before initiation of a course of treatment, those patients who, based on genetic markers, are most likely to respond to a specific pharmacotherapy. A previous report suggested that a functional variant at the genetic locus encoding the μ opioid receptor (Asn40Asp) is such a marker, in short‐term (3‐month) treatment with the opioid‐blocking drug naltrexone (NTX).Methods: We studied polymorphic variants at each of the 3 opioid receptor genes—OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1, which encode the μ, δ, and κ opioid receptors, respectively—including the OPRM1 Asn40Asp variant—as predictors of response to NTX or placebo in 215 alcohol‐dependent male subjects who participated in Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study 425, “Naltrexone in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence.”Results: At the 3‐month time point, treatment condition, age, and the pretreatment number of drinks per drinking day were all significant (p<0.05) predictors of the rate of relapse and time to relapse. Although NTX had no significant effect on relapse to heavy drinking in the overall sample in CSP 425, it significantly reduced relapse in the subgroup that provided DNA for analysis (i.e., the present study sample). There were no significant interactions between any individual single nucleotide polymorphisms studied and NTX treatment response.Conclusions: These results do not support association of the OPRM1 Asn40Asp polymorphism with NTX treatment response for AD.
Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Moderates the Life Stress Pathway to Alcohol Problems in Children of Alcoholics
Authors: Marshal Michael P. , Molina Brooke S. G. , Pelham William E. , Cheong JeeWon 
Published: February 2007

Background: Parent alcoholism is a well‐established risk factor for the development of pathological alcohol involvement in youth, and life stress is considered to be one of the central mechanisms of the parent alcoholism effect; however, little is known about the moderators of the life stress pathway. Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has also been shown to predict pathological alcohol involvement, however, little is known about whether or not ADHD interacts with parent alcoholism to increase offspring risk. The goals of this study were to examine stressful life events as mediators of the relationship between parent alcoholism and adolescent pathological alcohol involvement, and to examine whether or not this mediated pathway was stronger for adolescents with ADHD than for adolescents without ADHD.Method: Participants were 142 adolescents with a childhood ADHD diagnosis (probands) and 100 demographically matched control adolescents without childhood ADHD. Probands, controls, and at least 1 parent were interviewed about drinking behavior; probands and controls were interviewed about negative life events.Results: A moderated mediation paradigm was used to test the hypotheses using ordinary least squares regression. Results showed that the relationships between parent alcoholism and 2 of the stress variables (“family” stress and “peer” stress) were significant for probands only, and that stress in the probands mediated the parent alcoholism effect on offspring alcohol involvement.Conclusions: These results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that offspring characteristics might moderate the life stress pathway to alcoholism, and indicate that ADHD may serve to facilitate the transmission of pathological alcohol use from parent to child.