bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migraine Is Associated With Menorrhagia and Endometriosis
Authors: Tietjen Gretchen E. , Conway Anita , Utley Christine , Gunning William T. , Herial Nabeel A. 
Published: January 2006

Objective.—To evaluate the frequency of menorrhagia and endometriosis in female migraineurs compared to age‐matched women without headache.Background.—Migraine predominantly affects women of childbearing age and is often associated with the menstrual period, yet there is a paucity of data regarding the relationship of migraine and menstrual disorders.Methods.—Women diagnosed with migraine, using International Headache Society criteria and an age‐ and sex‐matched control group, were administered a semistructured questionnaire regarding migraine and migraine‐related disability, menstrual history, other bleeding history, vascular event history, and vascular risk factors.Results.—Fifty female migraineurs between the ages of 22 and 50 years and 52 age‐matched women (mean age 37 years) were enrolled in the study. Similar proportions of women in each group reported using hormone contraceptives (30% vs. 33%, P= .77) and hormone replacement therapy (12% vs. 8%, P= .69). The proportions presently menstruating (64 % vs. 80%, P= .20) and status after hysterectomy were similar (24% vs. 14%, P= .84). Menorrhagia (defined as at least three consecutive heavy periods), both current and prior, was more commonly reported in migraineurs (63% vs. 37%, P= .009), with higher likelihood of staining clothes by menses (35% vs. 8%, P= .003), and significant impact of menses on activities of daily living (on a 10‐point Likert scale) with work/school participation (P= .02), family activities (P < .0001), sleep (P= .003), life enjoyment (P= .001), mood (P= .02), and overall quality of life (P= .003). Endometriosis, which may be associated with menorrhagia, was also more commonly diagnosed in the migraineurs (30% vs. 4%, P= .001). The migraineurs more frequently described bruising (40% vs. 10%, P < .001) and rectal bleeding (18% vs. 2%, P= .017) but not more serious bleeding problems. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use was more frequent in the migraine group (28% vs. 12%, P= .036), and significance for increased menorrhagia, endometriosis, menstrual interference, and bruising was maintained, even when controlling for the use of NSAIDs. With logistic regression, menorrhagia was significantly associated with migraine, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.8 (95% CI 1.2 to 6.5), and with endometriosis, adjusted OR = 10.5 (95% CI 2.2 to 51.4). There were no differences in vascular events and risk factors, except for trends of increased hypertension (25% vs. 10%, P= .05), transient ischemic attack/stroke (10% vs. 2%, P= .08), and Raynaud's disease (10% vs. 2%, P= .08) in the migraineurs.Conclusion.—Women with migraine have a higher frequency of menorrhagia, endometriosis, and associated psychosocial consequences. These findings suggest that there should be further study of factors influencing endometriosis and menstrual blood flow, such as eicosanoids and platelet function, in migraineurs.
Complete DNA Sequence Variation in the Apolipoprotein H (β2‐glycoprotein I) Gene and Identification of Informative SNPs
Authors: Chen Qi , Kamboh M. Ilyas 
Published: January 2006

SummaryApolipoprotein H (APOH), also known as β2‐glycoprotein I, is a major antigen for the production of antiphospholipid antibodies in autoimmune diseases. Previously we have examined DNA variation in the coding region of the APOH gene and determined the molecular basis of the common protein polymorphism. Here we report the results of DNA sequence variation in the entire APOH gene encompassing a 20.3 kb region in 46 Caucasian Americans and 48 African American chromosomes. A total of 150 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one tri‐allelic polymorphism were identified, including 8 in the coding region, 14 in the 5′‐region and 2 in the 3′‐ region; the remainder were observed in introns. The observed number of SNPs was higher in the African American sample than in the Caucasian sample (130 vs. 84). We examined the race‐specific linkage disequilibrium pattern among SNPs and identified maximally informative SNPs for future association studies. Altogether, we have identified 17 informative SNPs among Caucasians and 35 in blacks. The discovery of a full range of sequence variation and identification of race‐specific informative SNPs in the APOH gene may facilitate the rapid evaluation of this variation in relation to autoimmune diseases.
Case‐Control Association Tests Correcting for Population Stratification
Authors: Köhler K. , Bickeböller H. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryIn case‐control association studies unobserved population stratification may act as a confounder, leading to an increased number of false positive results. Methods accounting for population structure by using additional genetic markers broadly follow one of two concepts: Genomic Control (GC) and Structured Association (SA). While extending existing methods of Structured Association we show that it is necessary to incorporate phenotypic information when inferring population structure, otherwise a systematic bias is introduced. Moreover, for moderate population stratification a Wald test statistic should be preferred as a Structured Association test statistic in comparison to a likelihood ratio test. The introduced extensions are compared to existing methods of Structured Association, as well as to Genomic Control, in a simulation study which is based on realistic situations of large case‐control studies with moderate population stratification. A disadvantage of Genomic Control turns out to be the large variation in estimating the variance inflation factor, as well as the power loss if population structure increases. We come to the overall conclusion that Structured Association, if applied correctly, is superior to Genomic Control, at least in the case of simple population structure as simulated here.
Power and Sample Size for Testing Associations of Haplotypes with Complex Traits
Authors: Schaid Daniel J. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryEvaluation of the association of haplotypes with either quantitative traits or disease status is common practice, and under some situations provides greater power than the evaluation of individual marker loci. The focus on haplotype analyses will increase as more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are discovered, either because of interest in candidate gene regions, or because of interest in genome‐wide association studies. However, there is little guidance on the determination of the sample size needed to achieve the desired power for a study, particularly when linkage phase of the haplotypes is unknown, and when a subset of tag‐SNP markers is measured. There is a growing wealth of information on the distribution of haplotypes in different populations, and it is not unusual for investigators to measure genetic markers in pilot studies in order to gain knowledge of the distribution of haplotypes in the target population. Starting with this basic information on the distribution of haplotypes, we derive analytic methods to determine sample size or power to test the association of haplotypes with either a quantitative trait or disease status (e.g., a case‐control study design), assuming that all subjects are unrelated. Our derivations cover both phase‐known and phase‐unknown haplotypes, allowing evaluation of the loss of efficiency due to unknown phase. We also extend our methods to when a subset of tag‐SNPs is chosen, allowing investigators to explore the impact of tag‐SNPs on power. Simulations illustrate that the theoretical power predictions are quite accurate over a broad range of conditions. Our theoretical formulae should provide useful guidance when planning haplotype association studies.
The gene overexpressed in polycythemia rubra vera, PRV‐1, and the gene encoding a neutrophil alloantigen, NB1, are alleles of a single gene, CD177, in chromosome band 19q13.31
Authors: Caruccio Lorraine , Bettinotti Maria , Director‐Myska Alison E. , Arthur Diane C. , Stroncek David 
Published: January 2006

BACKGROUND:  PRV‐1 mRNA is overexpressed by neutrophils from polycythemia vera patients and is homologous to NB1 a gene overexpressed in reactive neutrophilia.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  These investigations were designed to confirm searches of genome databases suggesting that PRV‐1 and NB1 are alleles of the same gene, CD177, and confirm a pseudogene adjacent to CD177. Methods included polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning, sequencing, and fluorescent hybridization studies.RESULTS:  The coding region of PRV‐1 was PCR‐amplified from human fetal RNA, cloned, and used to screen the RPCI‐11 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library. Five BACs were reactive with the PRV‐1 probe. PCR analysis of the BACs with primers encompassing PRV‐1 exons, containing four known single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, followed by sequencing rendered amplicons identical to PRV‐1 in all five BACs. Analysis of all five by restriction digestion yielded fragments possible only if both the gene and the pseudogene are present. End sequencing of the BACs localized them to the same chromosome region. G‐banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization at the 400‐ and 850‐band levels of resolution mapped one BAC to chromosome band 19q13.2 and sublocalized the BAC to band 19q13.31, respectively.CONCLUSION:  PRV‐1 and NB1 are alleles of the same gene now referred to as CD177. Changes in CD177 expression may be a marker of increased or decreased myelopoiesis and are therefore an effect of, rather than a cause of, myeloproliferative disorders.
Correlates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA negativity among HCV‐seropositive blood donors
Authors: Busch Michael P. , Glynn Simone A. , Stramer Susan L. , Orland Jennie , Murphy Edward L. , Wright David J. , Kleinman Steven ,   NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS) Group
Published: January 2006

BACKGROUND:  Approximately 20 percent of persons infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) clear viremia. Factors associated with resolution of viremia are not well defined. Implementation of routine nucleic acid testing (NAT) of blood donors has yielded a large data set for analysis of demographic correlates of resolved viremia.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  HCV antibody and NAT data, liver enzyme (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) results, and donor demographic characteristics were compiled for 2,579,290 allogeneic donations given at five large blood centers after NAT implementation in 1999 through December 2001. Donation HCV RNA status was compared between first‐time donors categorized by ALT levels, sex, age, race and/or ethnicity, country of birth, level of education, blood center location, and blood group, with chi‐square tests and multivariable logistic regression methods.RESULTS:  Of 35 confirmed‐seropositive repeat donors, 19 (54.3%) tested negative for the presence of HCV RNA; there was no association between RNA status and preseroconversion intervals (p = 0.74). Of 2105 RIBA‐positive, first‐time donors, 402 (19.1%) tested negative for the presence of HCV RNA by NAT (presumptive resolved infections). There were significant differences in the frequency of RNA negativity among first‐time donors categorized by ALT levels and by race and/or ethnicity. ALT levels were more likely to be elevated in RNA‐positive, first‐time donors (p < 0.0001). Viremia was less likely to resolve in Asian (8.2%) and black non‐Hispanic (14.4%) donors than in white non‐Hispanic (20.7%), Hispanic (22.1%), and other race and/or ethnicity (22.1%) donors (p = 0.02). No significant associations were found for age, sex, country of origin, level of education, blood type, and donor center location.CONCLUSION:  These results confirm that the frequency of HCV RNA negativity among seropositive persons differs by race and/or ethnicity. Follow‐up studies of donors with resolved viremia are warranted to further elucidate viral, immunologic, and genetic factors underlying spontaneous viral clearance.
Mechanisms of dyslipidemia of chronic renal failure
Authors: VAZIRI Nosratola D. , MORADI Hamid 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChronic renal failure is associated with profound dysregulation of lipid metabolism and marked abnormalities of plasma lipid profile. This review is intended to provide an overview of the molecular basis of lipid disorders in chronic renal failure and explore their potential impact on cardiovascular disease and energy metabolism.
Visual blurring and metabolic acidosis after ingestion of bootlegged alcohol
Authors: RATHI Manish , SAKHUJA Vinay , JHA Vivekanand 
Published: January 2006

AbstractExtracorporeal treatments have an important role in the management of several types of poisonings and drug overdosage. Methanol poisoning is a major problem in large parts of the developing world, especially among the economically depressed, and is responsible for innumerable deaths annually. Poisoning occurs when methanol, a contaminant of bootlegged alcohol, is consumed unknowingly. Toxicity is related to formaldehyde and formic acid formed as a result of methanol metabolism, and presents as metabolic acidosis, visual impairment, neurological manifestations, and shock. Initial symptoms are nonspecific and masked by the inebriating effect of ethanol. Appropriate management requires immediate administration of ethanol, which competitively inhibits methanol metabolism and prevents the generation of toxic formic acid and hemodialysis to achieve expeditious clearance of methanol and formic acid. Fomepizole, a safer metabolic inhibitor, has largely replaced ethanol in the western world. Delay in seeking medical attention contributes to mortality and morbidity. We report on a patient who presented to us 8 hr after consumption of countrymade alcohol with symptoms of methanol poisoning. Prompt administration of ethanol and institution of hemodialysis resulted in complete reversal of all manifestations.
Looking at calcimimetics impact on hypercalcemia of immobilization: Hypotheses and a case study
Authors: ROUEFF Stéphane , GEORGES Martine SAINT , CHUONG Van Thoai , ABBASSI Abdelhamid , GUÉDON Catherine , de VERNEJOUL Marie C. , TORRES Pablo UREñA 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH‐II) in dialysis patients and hypercalcemia in patients with parathyroid carcinoma. Calcimimetics are a new class of drugs approved in the European Community and the United States by the Food and Drug Administration that were designed to suppress parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels with a simultaneous reduction in serum calcium and phosphorus levels, and calcium phosphorus product (Ca × P). Hypocalcemia is a frequent finding during the correction phase of the HPTH‐II with calcimimetics. By contrast, the appearance of a hypercalcemia has yet to be described. In this paper, we report a case of severe hypercalcemia of immobilization in a 40‐year‐old hemodialyzed woman treated by cinacalcet HCl for a severe HPTH‐II (PTH>1,000 pg/mL). A kidney transplantation recipient 1983 to 1995, she was diagnosed with Charcot‐Marie Tooth disease in 1991. She had multiple orthopedic interventions for kidney‐related osteoarticular problems probably favored by the kidney graft and the immunosuppressive treatment. While she was receiving the maximum dose of 180 mg/day of cinacalcet HCl and PTH at 443 pg/mL, she needed to be hospitalized for a right hip prothesis. Two weeks after the intervention she developed a symptomatic hypercalcemia of 3.57 mmol/L which was resistant to several measures including lowering the calcium concentration in the dialysate, withdrawing all vitamin D and calcium supplementation and the administration of calcitonin. Her serum calcium level was finally stabilized in the 2.37–2.95 mmol/L by administration of a single intravenous dose of pamidronate. This observation illustrates that the pharmacological activation of the parathyroid CaR and other putative CaR on bone cells by calcimimetics did not protect against the occurrence of hypercalcemia of immobilization favored by a severe HPTH‐II in a hemodialysis patient.
Screening for depression in chronic hemodialysis patients: Comparison of the Beck Depression Inventory, primary nurse, and nephrology team
Authors: WILSON Barbara , SPITTAL Joan , HEIDENHEIM Paul , HERMAN Margaret , LEONARD Margaret , JOHNSTON Ann , LINDSAY Robert , MOIST Louise 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDepression in patients with end‐state renal disease (ESRD) is both underdiagnosed and treated, which may contribute to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Efforts aimed at screening, diagnosing, and treating depression could potentially modify outcomes in this population. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of depression, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), the primary nurse, and nephrology team, among a cohort of patients receiving chronic hemodialysis (HD). A secondary objective was to identify patient variables associated with depression. Patients were screened for depression at the same time point, using the BDI‐II, the primary nurse and the nephrology team. Depression was defined as a BDI‐II score ≥14. Agreement between the BDI‐II score, nurse, and nephrology team assessment of depression was compared using a kappa score and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. One hundred and twenty‐four of an eligible 154 patients completed the study. Depression as measured by a BDI‐II≥14, the nurse and the team was diagnosed in 38.7%, 41.9%, and 24.2% of patients, respectively. With the BDI‐II as the gold standard, the nurses' diagnosis of depression had an agreement of 74.6% vs. only 24.2% agreement with the nephrology team. A previous history of malignancy was the only variable associated with the diagnosis of depression. Depression is common among patients on HD, supporting the need for a routine depression‐screening program. The primary dialysis nurse is in a key position to identify patients with depression and should be considered as an integral part of the nephrology team.
Protecting the endothelium: A new focus for management of chronic kidney disease
Authors: DIAZ‐BUXO Jose A. , WOODS H. Feidhlim 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIt is being increasingly recognized that cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its complications are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis patients. If outcomes for these patients are to be improved, therapeutic strategies at all stages of CKD will have to target the etiologies and mechanisms that lead to CVD. In this review, we focus on the central role of endothelial dysfunction as the critical precursor of CVD. We argue that a better understanding of endothelial dysfunction by nephrologists and dialysis physicians is necessary if there is to be success in limiting the CVD epidemic that kills and maims our patients. The extensive studies to explain the high prevalence of vascular disease in patients with CKD have shown the close relationship among endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. The pathogenesis starts with endothelial cell injury from any of many possible causes, and strategies to reduce the burden of CVD in uremic and dialysis patients must be directed at restoring normal endothelial function or, at the least, preventing aggravation of endothelial damage. At the center of the exploration of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis are oxidative stress and inflammation. Of these, which is the chicken and which is the egg is unknown, but in the setting of uremia, endothelial injury because of free radical, oxidative stress is likely to precede inflammation. The issues raised here are highly complex and most renal practitioners may not have been adequately exposed to the background research underlying current thinking of the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Clearly, progress in management of CVD in patients with CKD will require collaboration with experts in the research and treatment of vascular disease. Nephrologists seeking optimum outcomes for patients with CKD will need to become “endotheliologists” or, at the least, subscribe to a mission “to protect the endothelium.”
Primary high‐dose intradermal hepatitis B vaccination in hemodialysis: Cost‐effectiveness evaluation at 2 years
Authors: MAT Olivier , MESTREZ Fabienne , BEAUWENS Renaud , MUNIZ‐MARTINEZ Marie‐Carmen , DHAENE Michel 
Published: January 2006

AbstractReinforced hepatitis B (HB) vaccination schedules have been tested in nonresponsive hemodialysis (HD) patients. Primary high‐dose intradermal (ID) vaccination in HD has been proposed in one study with higher seroconversion rate, but no cost analysis was made. The aim of this prospective study was to confirm this previous report and focus on a cost‐effectiveness evaluation of the thorough vaccination with a maintenance program. Thirty‐five chronic incident HD patients received primary ID HB vaccination with a reinforced schedule (20 μg Engerix‐B® every 2 weeks). Revaccination with a monthly single ID dose of 20 μg was performed whenever anti‐HBs titer fell under 20 IU/L and continued until a titer of 20 U/L was reached. Outcome measures were cumulative seroconversion rates, mean levels of anti‐HBs, maintenance booster doses, rate of seroprotection at the end of the 2‐year follow‐up and subsequent costs. The present study was associated with an earlier peak of anti‐HBs titer (3.9±1.7 months) and a higher cumulative seroconversion rate (96.9%) after 1 year. Moreover, a low‐booster shot (17.4 μg) of ID Engerix‐B®/year/patient confers a 100% seroprotection for all responders for a second‐year period. The mean cost of our schedule is 127.7€/patient for a 2‐year period, revaccination included. This current study demonstrates that primary reinforced ID HB vaccination with a maintenance program for a 2‐year period warrants the best cost‐effectiveness ratio with rapid and sustained seroprotection in almost all HD patients.
Comparison of side hole versus non side hole high flow hemodialysis catheters
Authors: TAL Michael G. , PEIXOTO Aldo J. , CROWLEY Susan T. , DENBOW Neil , ELISEO Donna , POLLAK Jeffrey 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCurrent literature suggests that side holes may be detrimental to dialysis catheter performance. Today, these catheters are primarily available with side holes. The purpose of this study was to compare flow rates, infection rate, and survival of side hole vs. non side hole hemodialysis catheters. Over a 16‐month period patients were arbitrarily assigned to either a 14.5 F MAHURKAR® MAXID™ cuffed dual lumen tunneled catheter with side holes or a 14.5 F MAHURKAR MAXID cuffed dual lumen tunneled catheter without side holes (“non side hole catheters”). We performed a retrospective analysis of catheter flow rates, patency, catheter survival, and catheter‐related infections. Information was gathered for the life of the catheter or up to 28 weeks. A total of 54 patients were enrolled in the study. Thirty‐seven of 54 (68%) patients received a catheter with side holes for a total of 3,930 catheter days and 17/54 (32%) received a similar catheter without side holes for a total of 2,188 catheter days. Catheter infection necessitating removal of the catheter occurred in 10/37 catheters with side holes and 1/17 without side holes. Infection rates per 1,000 catheter days were 2.545 with side holes and 0.254 without side holes (p<0.001). Slightly improved catheter survival (p<0.05) was recorded with the non side hole catheters. No insertion complication (e.g., air embolization, bleeding, or kinking) occurred with either catheter. One catheter without side holes had to be repositioned 5 days after insertion because of poor flows. No significant difference was recorded in mean blood flow rates between the catheters. Results indicate reduced catheter infection rate in hemodialysis patients with the use of non side hole dual lumen tunneled cuffed catheters.