bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Teaching-Career Level and Primary Performance Instrument on the Assessment of Music Performance
Authors: Hewitt Michael P. , Smith Bret P. 
Published: February 2009

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of teaching-career level and primary instrument on music teachers' assessment of music performance. The main and interaction effects of three career-level conditions (in-service teachers, upper-division undergraduate students, and lower-division undergraduate students) were examined, along with two primary instrument conditions (brass, not brass), on tone, intonation, melodic accuracy, rhythmic accuracy, tempo, interpretation, and technique/articulation. Participants ( N=150) listened to performances of six junior high trumpet players of various abilities and rated them using the Woodwind Brass Solo Evaluation Form (Saunders & Holahan, 1997). No statistically significant differences were found for the vast majority of interactions or main effects for either career level or instrument condition, suggesting that no relationship exists between teaching-career level and primary performance instrument on the evaluation of music performances. June 1, 2004 October 27, 2004.
Conductor and Ensemble Performance Expressivity and State Festival Ratings
Authors: Price Harry E. , Chang E. Christina 
Published: February 2009

This study is the second in a series examining the relationship between conducting and ensemble performance. The purpose was to further examine the associations among conductor, ensemble performance expressivity, and festival ratings. Participants were asked to rate the expressivity of video-only conducting and parallel audio-only excerpts from a state-level concert festival. There were significant differences among scores for conducting across festival ratings; however, there were no significant differences for ensemble performances. There was a significant interaction between festival ratings and video and audio excerpts. The relationship between expressivity of conducting and expressivity of ensemble performances found in some previous research was not found in this study; indeed, there was not even a relationship found in expressivity of ensemble performance to festival ratings. The lack of an apparent relationship of expressive conducting to expressive performance found here replicates, in part, the results of Price and Chang (2001). September 10, 2004 February 2, 2005.
Piano Lessons of Beginning Students Who Persist or Drop Out
Authors: Costa-Giomi Eugenia , Flowers Patricia J. , Sasaki Wakaha 
Published: February 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify behavioral differences between children who dropped out of piano lessons and those who continued for 3 years. Two videotaped first-year lessons of 14 pairs of piano students were systematically observed to record the duration or frequency of occurrence of selected student and teacher behaviors. Students in each pair took lessons with the same teacher and had comparable initial levels of pianistic ability and achievement. One child in the pair continued the piano lessons for 3 years, whereas the other child dropped out during the first or second year of lessons. In general, dropouts elicited verbal cues and tended to seek approval from the teachers more often than did the more persevering students. On the other hand, they received fewer actual approvals from the teachers, tended to accomplish the goals set by the teachers less often during the lessons, and obtained lower marks in the end-of-year piano exam than did their matched peers. The results of independent analyses performed for students who dropped out during the first and second year of lessons suggest that behavioral differences related to achievement may help identify late dropouts, but not early dropouts. March 18, 2005 October 4, 2005
A Survey of Music Education in the Primary Schools of South Africa's Cape Peninsula
Authors: Herbst Anri , de Wet Jacques , Rijsdijk Susan 
Published: February 2009

We investigated the state of music education in government primary schools in the Cape Peninsula (Western Cape Province, South Africa) as perceived by the general class teacher. Since the first democratic elections in South Africa (1994), the entire primary and secondary school education system has changed drastically in terms of content, and general class teachers (not music specialist teachers) are now responsible for music education within the Arts and Culture learning area. We aimed to identify and analyze problems that these teachers experience in implementing the music component of the revised curriculum. A structured questionnaire was sent to all primary schools in the Cape Peninsula; the response rate was 51.7%. Findings are discussed and interpreted against the historical background of education in South Africa and relevant music philosophical perspectives. January 27, 2005 September 12, 2005
The State of Music in the Elementary School
Authors: Abril Carlos R. , Gault Brent M. 
Published: February 2009

This study is an examination of school principals' perceptions of the elementary school music curriculum. A survey, mailed to 350 elementary school principals (61% response rate), was designed to answer the following questions: What are principals' perceptions of music learning outcomes and broad educational goals that result from school music instruction at their respective schools? How do they believe these should exist in ideal conditions? Is there a difference between principals' ratings for current and ideal conditions? To what degree do certain variables affect the music program? Results revealed that principals were generally satisfied with their music programs' ability to meet music education standards and broad educational goals. However, significant differences between the current and ideal conditions imply that they believe improvement is possible. Principals reported that the No Child Left Behind Act, budgets, standardized tests, and scheduling had the most negative effects on their music programs. September 15, 2005 November 30, 2005
The Effect of Various Instructional Conditions on Expressive Music Performance
Authors: Woody Robert H. 
Published: February 2009

This study is a comparison of the effectiveness of three approaches used to elicit expressivity in music students' performances: (a) aural modeling, (b) verbal instruction addressing concrete musical properties, and (c) verbal instruction using imagery and metaphor. Thirty-six college pianists worked with three melodies, one in each instructional condition. With each, subjects first gave a baseline performance, then received instruction for performing more expressively, and then gave a final performance. Subjects also verbally reported their thoughts during the process. Results confirmed that musicians can accommodate all three types of instruction used in the study and that each has strengths and weaknesses related to the characteristics of the music being performed and the musicians themselves. Additionally, analysis of the verbal reports suggested that musicians may use a cognitive translation process whereby they convert metaphor/imagery information into more explicit plans for changing the expressive musical properties of their performance (e.g., loudness, tempo, articulation). August 22, 2005 January 30, 2006
Singing Practices in 10 Families with Young Children
Authors: Custodero Lori A. 
Published: February 2009

This article addresses types and functions of singing practices in 10 families with 3-year-old children living in New York City, with illustrative cases of three families. Initial interviews were held with the parents in the families' homes. Between the initial visit and a follow-up visit 2-3 weeks later, parents observed their children and kept journals describing their engagement in music activity. Transcripts of interviews from each visit, field notes, and parent journals were reviewed for evidence of singing practices. Analyses revealed families used singing to “make special” routine activities and to create and maintain traditions. Parent and researcher observations of children's musical play were characterized by singing. Possible trends were suggested around learned song and spontaneous song. Implications for teaching and learning are considered in terms of what educators might learn from observations of both children's spontaneous play and from musical parenting. June 14, 2005 March 7, 2006
Behavior Newsletter
Authors: Lovitt Thomas C. , Mann Lester 
Published: February 2009

We are pleased, with this issue, to introduce our Behavior Newsletter, by Tom Lovitt which we anticipate appearing in the Journal semiannually, and perhaps expanding to a quarterly basis if Tom's journalistic appetites are whetted. The Behavior Newsletter will attempt to keep our readers up to date — at least partially — with work in behavioral modification and contingency management which appears particularly relevant to the needs and interests of special education. We are sure that Professor Lovitt will welcome newsworthy items from our readers to consider for inclusion in his newsletter. We are also sure that all of us will benefit from the quick and ready access to new information that his writings will provide.
Alpha Biofeedback and LD Children
Authors: Gracenin Carolyn T. , Cook Jimmie E. 
Published: February 2009

Our hypothesis that alpha biofeedback training would make a significant difference in a clinic subject's reading gain scores was rejected. Table 4 shows these gain scores. As in Nail's initial study, most of our subjects gained in amplitude and duration of alpha waves with the biofeedback training. There was also a slight improvement in hyperkinetic and maladaptive behavior, and there was a significant increase in comprehension. Oral reading and comprehension scores were separated and no significant differences in gain were found. Perhaps one semester and ten sessions were not enough to demonstrate a significant difference in reading improvement by learning-disabled children using alpha biofeedback training. The results did show, however, that the control group made better oral gains while the experimental group made better comprehension gains—and that was our original target.
Assessing Critical Thinking in Mathematics
Authors: Enright Brian E. , Beattie Susan A. 
Published: February 2009

Traditionally, students have demonstrated substantial difficulties in the area of problem solving. Their strategies appear to be limited as they look for key words or rely on gimmicks to assist in the solution of word problems. The process is mindless, inefficient, and ineffective. This area of weakness is especially prevalent in the mildly handicapped population. The importance of problem-solving skills for these students is critical, as they engage not only in mathematical decisions but as they make functional decisions in their daily lives. A sequential hierarchy is presented that establishes a process for students to follow when confronted with problem-solving issues. The step-by-step process enhances student understanding and control. Problem solving becomes planned and deliberate. Implementing the SOLVE strategies enables the teacher to assess and teach the skills and improves students' success rates.
p85β phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulates CD28 coreceptor function
Authors: Alcázar Isabela , Cortés Isabel , Zaballos Angel , Hernandez Carmen , Fruman David A. , Barber Domingo F. , Carrera Ana C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCD28 is a receptor expressed on T cells that regulates their differentiation after antigen stimulation to long-term-survival memory T cells. CD28 enhances T-cell receptor signals and reduces expression of CBL ubiquitin ligases, which negatively control T-cell activation. In the absence of CD28 ligation during the primary stimulation, CBL levels remain high and T cells fail to mount an efficient secondary response. CD28 associates with p85α, one of the regulatory subunits of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), but the relevance of this interaction is debated. We examined here the contribution of the other ubiquitous PI3K regulatory subunit, p85β, in CD28 function. We describe that p85β bound to CD28 and to CBL with greater affinity than p85α. Moreover, deletion of p85β impaired CD28-induced intracellular events, including c-CBL and CBL-b down-regulation as well as PI3K pathway activation. This resulted in defective differentiation of activated T cells, which failed to exhibit an efficient secondary immune response. Considering that p85β-deficient T cells fail in recall responses and that p85β binds to and regulates CD28 signals, the presented observations suggest the involvement of p85β in CD28-mediated activation and differentiation of antigen-stimulated T cells.
Adverse events among 2408 unrelated donors of peripheral blood stem cells: results of a prospective trial from the National Marrow Donor Program
Authors: Pulsipher Michael A. , Chitphakdithai Pintip , Miller John P. , Logan Brent R. , King Roberta J. , Rizzo J. Douglas , Leitman Susan F. , Anderlini Paolo , Haagenson Michael D. , Kurian Seira , Klein John P. , Horowitz Mary M. , Confer Dennis L. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Limited data are available describing donor adverse events (AEs) associated with filgrastim mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collections in unrelated volunteers. We report results in 2408 unrelated PBSC donors prospectively evaluated by the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) between 1999 and 2004. Female donors had higher rates of AEs, requiring central line placement more often (17% vs 4%, P < .001), experiencing more apheresis-related AEs (20% vs 7%, P < .001), more bone pain (odds ratio [OR] = 1.49), and higher rates of grades II-IV and III-IV CALGB AEs (OR = 2.22 and 2.32). Obese donors experienced more bone pain (obese vs normal, OR = 1.73) and heavy donors had higher rates of CALGB toxicities (> 95 kg vs < 70 kg, OR = 1.49). Six percent of donors experienced grade III-IV CALGB toxicities and 0.6% experienced toxicities that were considered serious and unexpected. Complete recovery is universal, however, and no late AEs attributable to donation have been identified. In conclusion, PBSC collection in unrelated donors is generally safe, but nearly all donors will experience bone pain, 1 in 4 will have significant headache, nausea, or citrate toxicity, and a small percentage will experience serious short-term adverse events. In addition, women and larger donors are at higher risk for donation-related AEs.
The evolutionary differentiation of two histone H2A.Z variants in chordates (H2A.Z-1 and H2A.Z-2) is mediated by a stepwise mutation process that affects three amino acid residues
Authors: Eirín-López José M , González-Romero Rodrigo , Dryhurst Deanna , Ishibashi Toyotaka , Ausió Juan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe histone H2A family encompasses the greatest number of core histone variants of which the replacement variant H2A.Z is currently one of the most heavily studied. No clear mechanism for the functional variability that H2A.Z imparts to chromatin has yet been proposed. While most of the past studies have referred to H2A.Z generically as a single protein, in vertebrates it is a mixture of two protein forms H2A.Z-1 (previously H2A.Z) and H2A.Z-2 (previously H2A.F/Z or H2A.V) that differ by three amino acids.ResultsWe have performed an extensive study on the long-term evolution of H2A.Z across metazoans with special emphasis on the possible selective mechanisms responsible for the differentiation between H2A.Z-1 and H2A.Z-2. Our results reveal a common origin of both forms early in chordate evolution. The evolutionary process responsible for the differentiation involves refined stepwise mutation change within the codons of the three differential residues. This eventually led to differences in the intensity of the selective constraints acting upon the different H2A.Z forms in vertebrates.ConclusionThe results presented in this work definitively reveal that the existence of H2A.Z-1 and H2A.Z-2 is not a whim of random genetic drift. Our analyses demonstrate that H2A.Z-2 is not only subject to a strong purifying selection but it is significantly more evolutionarily constrained than H2A.Z-1. Whether or not the evolutionary drift between H2A.Z-1 and H2A.Z-2 has resulted in a functional diversification of these proteins awaits further research. Nevertheless, the present work suggests that in the process of their differently constrained evolutionary pathways, these two forms may have acquired new or complementary functions.
Revisiting the missing protein-coding gene catalog of the domestic dog
Authors: Derrien Thomas , Thézé Julien , Vaysse Amaury , André Catherine , Ostrander Elaine A , Galibert Francis , Hitte Christophe 
Published: February 2009

Abstract

Background
Among mammals for which there is a high sequence coverage, the whole genome assembly of the dog is unique in that it predicts a low number of protein-coding genes, ~19,000, compared to the over 20,000 reported for other mammalian species. Of particular interest are the more than 400 of genes annotated in primates and rodent genomes, but missing in dog.

Results
Using over 14,000 orthologous genes between human, chimpanzee, mouse rat and dog, we built multiple pairwise synteny maps to infer short orthologous intervals that were targeted for characterizing the canine missing genes. Based on gene prediction and a functionality test using the ratio of replacement to silent nucleotide substitution rates (d
N/d
S), we provide compelling structural and functional evidence for the identification of 232 new protein-coding genes in the canine genome and 69 gene losses, characterized as undetected gene or pseudogenes. Gene loss phyletic pattern analysis using ten species from chicken to human allowed us to characterize 28 canine-specific gene losses that have functional orthologs continuously from chicken or marsupials through human, and 10 genes that arose specifically in the evolutionary lineage leading to rodent and primates.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the central role of comparative genomics for refining gene catalogs and exploring the evolutionary history of gene repertoires, particularly as applied for the characterization of species-specific gene gains and losses.
Common Variation in the DIO2 Gene Predicts Baseline Psychological Well-Being and Response to Combination Thyroxine Plus Triiodothyronine Therapy in Hypothyroid Patients
Authors: Panicker Vijay , Saravanan Ponnusamy , Vaidya Bijay , Evans Jonathan , Hattersley Andrew T. , Frayling Timothy M. , Dayan Colin M. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Introduction: Animal studies suggest that up to 80% of intracellular T3 in the brain is derived from circulating T4 by local deiodination. We hypothesized that in patients on T4 common variants in the deiodinase genes might influence baseline psychological well-being and any improvement on combined T4/T3 without necessarily affecting serum thyroid hormone levels.
Methods: We analyzed common variants in the three deiodinase genes vs. baseline psychological morbidity and response to T4/T3 in 552 subjects on T4 from the Weston Area T4 T3 Study (WATTS). Primary outcome was improvement in psychological well-being assessed by the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12).
Results: The rarer CC genotype of the rs225014 polymorphism in the deiodinase 2 gene (DIO2) was present in 16% of the study population and was associated with worse baseline GHQ scores in patients on T4 (CC vs. TT genotype: 14.1 vs. 12.8, P = 0.03). In addition, this genotype showed greater improvement on T4/T3 therapy compared with T4 only by 2.3 GHQ points at 3 months and 1.4 at 12 months (P = 0.03 for repeated measures ANOVA). This polymorphism had no impact on circulating thyroid hormone levels.
Conclusions: Our results require replication but suggest that commonly inherited variation in the DIO2 gene is associated both with impaired baseline psychological well-being on T4 and enhanced response to combination T4/T3 therapy, but did not affect serum thyroid hormone levels.
Presentation of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop
Authors: Silverberg Shonni J. , Lewiecki E. Michael , Mosekilde Leif , Peacock Munro , Rubin Mishaela R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground: At the Third International Workshop on Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in May 2008, recent data on the disease were reviewed. We present the results of a literature review on issues arising from the clinical presentation and natural history of PHPT.Methods: Questions were developed by the International Task Force on PHPT. A comprehensive literature search for relevant studies was reviewed, and the questions of the International Task Force were addressed by the Consensus Panel.Conclusions: 1) Data on the extent and nature of cardiovascular involvement in those with mild disease are too limited to provide a complete picture. 2) Patients with mild PHPT have neuropsychological complaints. Although some symptoms may improve with surgery, available data remain inconsistent on their precise nature and reversibility. 3) Surgery leads to long-term gains in spine, hip, and radius bone mineral density (BMD). Because some patients have early disease progression and others lose BMD after 8–10 yr, regular monitoring (serum calcium and three-site BMD) is essential in those followed without surgery. Patients may present with normocalcemic PHPT (normal serum calcium with elevated PTH concentrations; no secondary cause for hyperparathyroidism). Data on the incidence and natural history of this phenotype are limited. 4) In the absence of kidney stones, data do not support the use of marked hypercalciuria (&gt;10 mmol/d or 400 mg/d) as an indication for surgery for patients. 5) Patients with bone density T-score −2.5 or less at the lumbar spine, hip, or distal one third radius should have surgery.
Medical Management of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop
Authors: Khan Aliya , Grey Andrew , Shoback Dolores 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder that is frequently asymptomatic. The 2002 International Workshop on Asymptomatic PHPT addressed medical management of asymptomatic PHPT and summarized the data on nonsurgical approaches to this disease. At the Third International Workshop on Asymptomatic PHPT held in May 2008, this subject was reviewed again in light of data that have since become available. We present the results of a literature review of advances in the medical management of PHPT.
Methods: A series of questions was developed by the International Task Force on PHPT. A comprehensive literature search for relevant studies evaluating the management of PHPT with bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy, raloxifene, and calcimimetics was conducted. Existing guidelines and recent unpublished data were also reviewed. All selected relevant articles were reviewed, and the questions developed by the International Task Force were addressed by the Consensus Panel.
Results: Bisphosphonates and hormone replacement therapy are effective in decreasing bone turnover in patients with PHPT and improving bone mineral density (BMD). Fracture data are not available with either treatment. Raloxifene also lowers bone turnover in patients with PHPT. None of these agents, however, significantly lowers serum calcium or PTH levels. The calcimimetic cinacalcet reduces both serum calcium and PTH levels and raises serum phosphorus. Cinacalcet does not, however, reduce bone turnover or improve BMD.
Conclusions: Bisphosphonates and hormone replacement therapy provide skeletal protection in patients with PHPT. Limited data are available regarding skeletal protection in patients with PHPT treated with raloxifene. Calcimimetics favorably alter serum calcium and PTH in PHPT but do not significantly affect either bone turnover or BMD. Medical management of asymptomatic PHPT is a promising option for those who are not candidates for parathyroidectomy.