bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of negative capacitance in silicon heterojunction solar cells: role of front contact in carrier depopulation
Authors: Nayak Mrutyunjay , Pandey Ashutosh , Mandal Sourav , Komarala Vamsi Krishna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The origin of the low-frequency inductive loop in the Nyquist plot of the Ag/indium tin oxide (ITO)/p-a-Si:H/intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (i-a-Si:H)/c-Si/i-a-Si:H/n-a-Si:H/ITO/Al heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells and their effect on the device performance are investigated by adopting impedance spectroscopy under dark and light. The negative capacitance/low-frequency inductive loop originates from the depopulation of injected charge carriers due to a transport barrier at the p-a-Si:H/ITO interface. The p-a-Si:H hole-selective SHJ device with a low-frequency inductive loop also has shown an S-shape and associated performance degradation in the light current density–voltage characteristics due to the opposing field type transport barrier present at the p-a-Si:H/ITO interface, which was overcome after vacuum annealing at ∼200 °C. However, the NiO
x
-based hole-selective contact Ag/ITO/NiO
x
/i-a-Si:H/c-Si/i-a-Si:H/n-a-Si:H/ITO/Al SHJ cells have not shown any low-frequency inductive loop or corresponding S-shape and associated performance degradation due to the optimised contact (minimum resistance) between the NiOx and ITO layers.
Effect of divalent ion of strontium substitution on the structural, optical, magnetic and blood compatibility studies in cobalt ferrite
Authors: Ergin İ , Özçelik S , İçin K , Yalcin B , Arda L , Özçelik B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of Sr2+ substitution on the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of magnetic cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4). Through sol–gel auto-combustion synthesis, Sr2+ was substituted into Co-spinel ferrites (Co1-xSrxFe2O4, where x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0). SEM analysis revealed spherical grains with an average size of 54.4 nm. XRD analysis indicated systematic changes in crystallographic parameters and the formation of secondary phases with Sr-substitution. While the crystal size for CoFe2O4 was calculated as 262 nm, this value was determined as 18 nm for Co0.25Sr0.75Fe2O4. FT-IR results suggested increased force constants of octahedral and tetrahedral bonds with higher Sr content, with main vibration bands at 423.6 and 606 cm−1. M-H curves exhibited S-shaped behavior, indicating drastic magnetic property changes with Sr2+ substitution. Coercivity field (Hc), saturation magnetization (M

S
), and remanent magnetization (M

r
) values ranged from 1447.8–545.4 Oe, 58.8-14 emu g−1, and 36.8-7.6 emu g−1, respectively. Blood compatibility experiments highlighted Co0.75Sr0.25Fe2O4 nanoparticles with significantly low hemolysis rates compared to other concentrations.
Photonic hook propagation from eccentric microcylinder
Authors: Das Gour Mohan , Saha Sanjit , Vadivel Govindan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Photonic hook (PH) is an intricately curved photonic nanojet (PNJ) or a highly intense electromagnetic beam featuring a subwavelength waist, whose principal hallmark lies in its capacity to bend light at the nanoscale. According to existing literature, the origin of PH can be attributed to symmetry breaking, whereas symmetrical microstructures predominantly contribute to PNJ formation. This study presents the novel revelation of PH emergence from an isolated eccentric core–shell dielectric microcylinder, achieved through the illumination of a paraxial Gaussian beam (PGB). The eccentrically structured core–shell microscale geometry introduces an additional degree of freedom, influencing PH formation and directly shaping its characteristic parameters. Much like PNJ, the propagation of PH depends on different parameters such as core and shell refractive indices of the micro-structures, microstructure geometry, incident light type, and direction of propagation. A fascinating outcome from our numerical simulations is the switchable occurrence of PNJ and PH from an eccentric core–shell microcylinder by a simple adjustment of eccentricity, either parallel or perpendicular to the PGB’s propagation direction. This computational investigation emphasizes the impact of eccentricity and the incident wave’s beam waist, maintaining a consistent refractive index contrast between the core and shell. The outcomes are interpreted in terms of key parameters governing PH generation characteristics, encompassing FWHM, maximum electric field enhancement, and focal plane. Notably, we have observed the coexistence of whispering gallery modes (WGM) and PH within this system and these modes exhibit high sensitivity to the excitation wavelength. The potential applications of PH are believed to be far-reaching, including areas like optical trapping, sensing, and functioning as a versatile focusing element. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of PH and illuminates its potential as a robust tool across diverse optical applications.
Blind coherent modulation imaging using momentum acceleration and sample priors
Authors: Gao Yiwen , Zhang Junhao , Yang Dongyu , Lyu Wenjin , Ruan Tianhao , Shi Yishi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Coherent modulation imaging (CMI) stands out as a novel lensless imaging technique with notable advantages such as rapid convergence and single-shot capability. Nevertheless, conventional CMI implementations necessitate an additional step to acquire prior information about the modulator function, introducing complexity and reliance on other imaging techniques. Previous attempts to mitigate the requirement for precise modulator information using diverse objects have encountered slow convergence speeds. Here, we present an improved CMI algorithm, termed as blind CMI, which achieves blind recovery without prior knowledge of the modulator. This is achieved by leveraging sample priors and incorporating momentum acceleration. We validate our method through numerical simulations and optical experiments, demonstrating that the proposed blind CMI outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in terms of both convergence speed and reconstruction quality.
Compressible Euler limit from Boltzmann equation with complete diffusive boundary condition in half-space
Authors: Jiang Ning , Luo Yi-Long , Tang Shaojun 
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we prove the compressible Euler limit from the Boltzmann equation with hard sphere collisional kernel and complete diffusive boundary condition in half-space by employing the Hilbert expansion which includes interior and Knudsen layers. This rigorously justifies the corresponding formal analysis in Sone’s book [Molecular gas dynamics, Birkhäuser Boston, Inc., Boston, MA, 2007] in the context of short time smooth solutions, and also generalizes the classic Caflisch’s result [Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 33 (1980), pp. 651–666] to initial-boundary problem case.
Motivational Internalism and Disinterestedness
Authors: Doran Ryan P 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
According to the most important objection to the existence of moral beauty, true judgements of moral beauty are not possible as moral judgements require being motivated to act in line with the moral judgement made, and judgements of beauty require not being motivated to act in any way. Here, I clarify the argument underlying the objection and demonstrate that it does not show that moral beauty does not exist. I present two responses: namely, that the beauty of moral beauty does not lie in the moral goodness per se (the ‘adjacent properties’ response), and that only a dispositional motivation to act is required for the moral judgements that are typically made as part of judgements of moral beauty, whereas aesthetic judgements only rule out state motivations to act (the ‘equivocation of motivation required’ response). In addressing the objection, I show how moral beauty is consistent with disinterestedness, and so should be accepted more widely; also clarifying where the beauty in moral beauty resides, and how the moral–aesthetic distinction should be drawn.
Consistently increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity during the exposure to acute stressors
Authors: Meier Jacqueline Katharina , Schwabe Lars 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Stress has a major impact on our mental health. Nonetheless, it is still not fully understood how the human brain responds to ongoing stressful events. Here, we aimed to determine the cortical dynamics during the exposure to ecologically valid, standardized stressors. To this end, we conducted 3 experiments in which healthy participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (experiments 1 and 2) and the Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test (experiment 3) or a respective control manipulation, while we measured their cortical activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Increases in salivary cortisol and subjective stress levels confirmed the successful stress induction in all experiments. Results of experiment 1 showed significantly increased cortical activity, in particular in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, during the exposure to the Trier Social Stress Test. Experiment 2 replicated this finding and showed further that this stress-related increase in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity was transient and limited to the period of the Trier Social Stress Test. Experiment 3 demonstrated the increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity during the Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test, suggesting that this increase is generalizable and not specific to the Trier Social Stress Test. Together, these data show consistently that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity is not reduced, as commonly assumed, but increased under stress, which may promote coping with the ongoing stressor.
Arteriovenous fistula for haemodialysis as a predictor of de novo heart failure in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Stoumpos Sokratis , Van Rhijn Peter , Mangion Kenneth , Thomson Peter C , Mark Patrick B 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The haemodynamic effects of a functioning haemodialysis arteriovenous fistula (AVF) can cause or exacerbate heart failure (HF). We investigated whether the presence of an AVF at the time of kidney transplant (KT) is associated with de novo HF.

Methods
This was an observational cohort study including adult patients who received a KT in the West of Scotland between 2010 and 2020. We evaluated the risk and associations of pretransplant factors with de novo HF, alone and as a composite cardiovascular (CV) outcome (including non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, de novo HF and CV death). Multivariable proportional hazards regression and sensitivity analyses were used to identify independent correlates of the outcomes.

Results
Among 1330 included patients, the incident rate of de novo HF after transplantation was 58/1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 50–67] in AVF patients (n = 716) compared with 33/1000 person-years (95% CI 27–41) in non-AVF patients (n = 614). De novo HF was associated with the presence of an AVF [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.14 (95% CI 1.40–3.26)], duration of dialysis [aHR 1.03/year increase (95% CI 1.01–1.04)], age at transplant [aHR 1.03/year increase (95% CI 1.02–1.05)], female sex [aHR 1.93 (95% CI 1.40–2.65)] and pretransplant diabetes [aHR 2.43 (95% CI 1.48–4.01)]. The presence of an AVF was also associated with the composite CV outcome [aHR 1.91 (95% CI 1.31–2.78)].

Conclusions
The presence of an AVF may be an underrecognized modifiable predictor of de novo HF posttransplantation.
Welfare Analysis of Regulations on Media Platform Advertising
Authors: Zhang Jiekai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper estimates the welfare effects of TV advertising regulation. I develop a structural model of demand and supply in which both the broadcast content and the amount of advertising are endogenously determined. My results suggest that more varied content, and, in particular, more educational content, can be offered in a laissez-faire equilibrium. Children and teenagers would watch more educational content as more of this type of programming becomes available. Total consumer welfare is higher in a laissez-faire equilibrium than that under the current advertising restrictions.
Radiomic signatures associated with tumor immune heterogeneity predict survival in locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lin Da-Feng , Li Hai-Lin , Liu Ting , Lv Xiao-Fei , Xie Chuan-Miao , Ou Xiao-Min , Guan Jian , Zhang Ye , Yan Wen-Bin , He Mei-Lin , Mao Meng-Yuan , Zhao Xun , Zhong Lian-Zhen , Chen Wen-Hui , Chen Qiu-Yan , Mai Hai-Qiang , Peng Rou-Jun , Tian Jie , Tang Lin-Quan , Dong Di 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The prognostic value of traditional clinical indicators for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma is limited because of their inability to reflect intratumor heterogeneity. We aimed to develop a radiomic signature to reveal tumor immune heterogeneity and predict survival in locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods
This multicenter, retrospective study included 921 patients with locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A machine learning signature and nomogram based on pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging features were developed for predicting overall survival in a training cohort and validated in 2 independent cohorts. A clinical nomogram and an integrated nomogram were constructed for comparison. Nomogram performance was evaluated by concordance index and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Accordingly, patients were classified into risk groups. The biological characteristics and immune infiltration of the signature were explored by RNA-sequencing analysis.

Results
The machine learning signature and nomogram demonstrated comparable prognostic ability to a clinical nomogram, achieving concordance indexes of 0.729, 0.718, and 0.731 in the training, internal, and external validation cohorts, respectively. Integration of the signature and clinical variables statistically improved the predictive performance. The proposed signature effectively distinguished patients between risk groups with statistically distinct overall survival rates. Subgroup analysis indicated the recommendation of local salvage treatments for low-risk patients. Exploratory RNA-sequencing analysis revealed differences in interferon response and lymphocyte infiltration between risk groups.

Conclusions
A magnetic resonance imaging–based radiomic signature predicted overall survival more accurately. The proposed signature associated with tumor immune heterogeneity may serve as a valuable tool to facilitate prognostic stratification and guide individualized management for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Introduction to Competition Law
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda , Dunne Niamh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to, and basis for, the material discussed in the subsequent chapters. It introduces some relevant concepts of microeconomics including demand curves, consumer and producer surplus, elasticity of demand, and economies of scale and scope. It discusses the model of perfect competition and the concepts of allocative, productive and dynamic efficiency; the problems in competition terms of monopoly and oligopoly; and the concept of welfare, particularly consumer welfare and total welfare. It considers various schools of competition analysis and theories and concepts relevant to competition law. It discusses the possible objectives of competition law, and particularly considers what objectives are pursued by EU competition law. The chapter also looks at US antitrust law; competition law and the digital economy; competition law and regulation; and at some basic issues in the application of EU competition law.
Market Power, Market Definition, and Barriers to Entry
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda , Dunne Niamh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Market power is a central concept in EU competition law. This chapter considers what is meant by market power and how it is assessed in EU law using market definition and barriers to entry analysis. It discusses how markets are defined in EU law by looking at demand substitution, supply substitution, and potential competition. It explains that markets may have both a product and a geographic dimension. The chapter examines the Commission Notice on the definition of the relevant market, the decisional practice of the Commission, and the case law of the EU Courts on market definition, and it discusses what tests may be employed in the definition of markets, particularly the SSNIP test. The chapter then considers how the power of a firm on a market is affected by barriers to entry. It discusses the definition of a barrier to entry and considers barriers to entry such as sunk costs, structural barriers, and strategic barriers,
Article 102 TFEU: Conduct Which Can Be an Abuse
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda , Dunne Niamh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the difficult concept of what constitutes an ‘abuse’ of a dominant position for the purposes of Article 102 and whether conduct should be condemned on account of the form it takes or only for its effects. It considers the case law of the EU Courts, the decisional practice of the Commission, and the Commission’s Guidance Paper on enforcement priorities, and the problem of distinguishing competition on the merits from illegimate conduct. The chapter looks at the different classifications of abuse, particularly exclusionary and exploitative abuses; the distinction between form- and effects-based approaches to types of abuse; the leveraging of market power between distinct markets as a theory of harm; the objective justification defence; and general issues in respect of abuses concerning prices, including the ‘as efficient competitor’ test. The chapter then examines the application of Article 102 to various forms of conduct, including: price discrimination; predatory pricing; selective low pricing; margin squeeze; exclusive dealing;; tying and bundling; refusal to supply; self-preferencing; malicious pursuit of legal proceedings; ‘regulatory gaming’; discrimination abuses; unfairly high and low pricing; hindering inter-Member State trade; and more novel claimed abuses within the digital economy.
Licensing Agreements and Other Agreements Involving Intellectual Property Rights
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda , Dunne Niamh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines some of the different types of intellectual property rights (IPRs) before outlining the relationship between intellectual property and both EU competition law and the EU free movement rules. It focuses, however, on IP licensing agreements and their treatment under Article 101. The chapter traces the development of EU competition policy to IP licensing agreements and examine the current Technology Transfer Block Exemption and the Guidelines in detail. It also examines patent settlement agreements (including pay for delay agreements), patnet pools, trade mark licences, trade mark delimitation agreements, and copyright (other than software) licences not covered by the TTBER and Guidelines.
Public Enforcement by the Commission and the National Competition Authorities of the Antitrust Provisions
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda , Dunne Niamh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the public enforcement regime for the application of Articles 101 and 102 under Regulation 1/2003. It explains the system that applied previously under Regulation 17, and the reasons for, and salient features of, the ‘modernisation’ introduced by Regulation 1/2003. The chapter then examines: the complaints procedure; the powers of the Commission, including the investigation and inter partes stages of its procedure; the decisions which the Commission may take, including decisions imposing fines and commitments decisions; judicial review by the EU Courts; the European Competition Network (ECN) and enforcement by national competition authorities, including the changes to be introduced by the ECN+ Directive; and the possibility of sanctions against individuals.. The chapter also considers the application of fundamental rights provisions in EU competition proceedings.
Private Enforcement
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda , Dunne Niamh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the private civil enforcement of EU antitrust rules through claims made by private litigants in the national courts and tribunals of the individual Member States. The discussions cover the principle of direct effect and national procedural autonomy, mechanisms for cooperation between the Commission and national courts, the obligations of national courts when dealing with cases that raise the issue of whether a contract in violation of Article 101 or Article 102 is enforceable and whether, and if so when, damages and injunctions should be available to remedy such violations. It also considers wy historically there was relatively little antitrust litigation in the EU; the relationship between public and private enforcement; the Commission's policy towards private enforcement, the package of measures the Commission has taken to encourage private litigation, especially the 2014 Damages Directive and its likely impact.
Unravelling the collision scenario of the dissociative galaxy cluster Abell 56 through hydrodynamic simulations
Authors: Albuquerque Richards P , Machado Rubens E G , Monteiro-Oliveira Rogério 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
In galaxy cluster collisions, the gas can be separated from dark matter haloes. Abell 56 displays signatures of a dissociative bullet-like merger with a possible high-inclination angle between the plane of orbit and the sky. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive description of the features observed in the collision scenario of Abell 56. Additionally, we aim to apply a potential weak lensing mass bias correction attributed to the merger to evaluate its impact on our findings. To investigate this, we perform tailored hydrodynamical N-body simulations, varying the impact parameter. We initially identified an early scenario at 0.12 Gyr after the central passage that reproduces some observational features. However, the mean temperature of 9.7 keV exceeded the observed value. Our best model corresponds to the late scenario at 0.52 Gyr after the pericentre, reproducing observed features of Abell 56, with an inclination of 58°. These features include the offset of 103 kpc between the main gas density peak and the south dark matter density peak, gas morphology, a line-of-sight relative velocity of 184 km s−1, and a mean temperature of 6.7 keV. This late model provides a plausible scenario to describe the dynamics of Abell 56. The weak lensing mass bias did not significantly impact the overall dynamics of this cluster merger.