bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A bootstrap‐based strategy for spectral interval selection in PLS regression
Authors: Brás Lígia P. , Lopes Marta , Ferreira Ana P. , Menezes José C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBootstrap‐based methods have been applied for spectral variable selection in near (NIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy applications. In this paper, an extension of those methods for the selection of spectral intervals instead of single spectral variables is proposed. This approach, interval partial least square (PLS)‐Bootstrap (iPLS‐Bootstrap), was compared against the PLS‐Bootstrap method and the use of the whole spectral region for model development. These methods were tested on a NIR spectral dataset obtained from at‐line monitoring of an industrial fermentation process, by correlating the spectra with the concentration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The performance of the models was evaluated based on the predictive ability for both cross‐validation and external validation. For the dataset used, iPLS‐Bootstrap enabled to improve the model predictive ability, with a greater impact on external validation. The decrease observed in RMSEP relative to the full‐spectrum and PLS‐Bootstrap model was, respectively, 14 and 6%. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corticotropin‐releasing factor binding protein within the ventral tegmental area is expressed in a subset of dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Wang Hui‐Ling , Morales Marisela 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCorticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) and related peptides play a role in mediating neuronal effects of stress. These peptides mediate stress responses by their interactions with the CRF receptors and the CRF‐binding protein (CRF‐BP). Because the CRF‐BP is implicated in neurotransmission within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), we investigated whether the CRF‐BP is expressed in VTA neurons. By in situ hybridization, we detected cellular expression of CRF‐BP mRNA in the VTA; no such expression was seen in neighboring substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) or substantia nigra pars reticulata. By double in situ hybridization, we determined that VTA neurons with CRF‐BP mRNA coexpressed transcripts encoding either tyrosine hydroxylase [TH; a marker for dopamine (DA) neurons] or glutamic acid decarboxylase [GAD; synthesizing enzyme of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)]. Neurons with CRF‐BP mRNA represented 25% of the total population of TH‐expressing neurons and 28% of the total population of GAD‐expressing neurons, indicating that discrete subpopulations of dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons are present in the VTA. Within the total population of neurons containing CRF‐BP mRNA, 70% coexpressed TH mRNA and only 27% coexpressed GAD mRNA. As far as we are aware, we provide the first anatomical evidence that a molecule, CRF‐BP, is encoded by DAergic neurons of the VTA but not by those of the SNC. We propose, based on the observation that the majority of VTA neurons expressing CRF‐BP mRNA are DAergic, that in the VTA interactions of CRF‐BP with CRF, or with CRF‐related peptides, are likely to be mediated predominantly by DAergic neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:302–318, 2008. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Dioxouranium(V) Complexes with Solvent Molecules: Effect of Reduction
Authors: Groenewold Gary S. , Van Stipdonk Michael J. , de Jong Wibe A. , Oomens Jos , Gresham Garold L. , McIlwain Michael E. , Gao Da , Siboulet Bertrand , Visscher Lucas , Kullman Michael , Polfer Nick 
Published: May 2008

AbstractUO2+–solvent complexes having the general formula [UO2(ROH)]+ (R=H, CH3, C2H5, and n‐C3H7) are formed using electrospray ionization and stored in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer, where they are isolated by mass‐to‐charge ratio, and then photofragmented using a free‐electron laser scanning through the 10  μm region of the infrared spectrum. Asymmetric O=U=O stretching frequencies (ν3) are measured over a very small range [from ∼953 cm−1 for H2O to ∼944 cm−1 for n‐propanol (n‐PrOH)] for all four complexes, indicating that the nature of the alkyl group does not greatly affect the metal centre. The ν3 values generally decrease with increasing nucleophilicity of the solvent, except for the methanol (MeOH)‐containing complex, which has a measured ν3 value equal to that of the n‐PrOH‐containing complex. The ν3 frequency values for these U(V) complexes are about 20 cm−1 lower than those measured for isoelectronic U(VI) ion‐pair species containing analogous alkoxides. ν3 values for the U(V) complexes are comparable to those for the anionic [UO2(NO3)3]− complex, and 40–70 cm−1 lower than previously reported values for ligated uranyl(VI) dication complexes. The lower frequency is attributed to weakening of the OUO bonds by repulsion related to reduction of the U metal centre, which increases electron density in the antibonding π* orbitals of the uranyl moiety. Computational modelling of the ν3 frequencies using the B3LYP and PBE functionals is in good agreement with the IRMPD measurements, in that the calculated values fall in a very small range and are within a few cm−1 of measurements. The values generated using the LDA functional are slightly higher and substantially overestimate the trends. Subtleties in the trend in ν3 frequencies for the H2O–MeOH–EtOH–n‐PrOH series are not reproduced by the calculations, specifically for the MeOH complex, which has a lower than expected value.
Oncotic colpocytology stained with Harris–Shorr in the observation of vaginal microorganisms
Authors: Storti‐Filho Agenor , Estivalet Svidizinski Terezinha Inez , da Silva Souza Robson José , de Mello Ione Cristina Jorge , da Costa Souza Paola , Lopes Consolaro Marcia Edilaine 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of oncotic colpocytology stained with Harris–Shorr in the identification of the cervicovaginal microflora and infectious agents. Results of microbiologic evaluation carried out in colpocytology exams, bacterioscopy (Gram), and direct exams of 2,017 women aged from 13 to 80 years were compared. Of these, 83.1% agreed between cytology and Gram, 3.6% partially agreed, and 12.8% disagreed. The predominant microflora was of lactobacilli (63.3%), followed by mixed flora (32.1%). The results of sensitivity to lactobacilli were 96.1% and to mixed flora 88.0%; the specificity values were 91.2 and 92.0%, respectively. Colpocytology detected all the instances of trichomoniasis observed at direct exam (0.6%). The most frequent infectious agents were of candidiasis (14.8%, sensitivity 80.3%) and bacterial vaginosis (11.9%, sensitivity 68.1%). Thus, Harris–Shorr stained cytology was shown to be an excellent diagnostic method for T. vaginalis, lactobacilli, mixed flora, and candidiasis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:358–362. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Virtual microscopy: An educator's tool for the enhancement of cytotechnology students' locator skills
Authors: Stewart Jimmie , Bevans‐Wilkins Kristen , Bhattacharya Abhik , Ye Changhong , Miyazaki Kayo , Kurtycz Daniel F. I. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractVirtual microscopy (VM) is being utilized as an educational tool in many areas of pathology. The aim of this study is to analyze the locator and diagnostic skills of cytotechnology students by using the Aperio T3 ScanScope®, and examine VM's viability as an educational tool in cytotechnology.Ten validated cytology slides were digitized and reviewed by three senior cytotechnologist instructors. Each technologist made annotations indicating diagnostic areas on the virtual slide. A subset of the slides was used for locator skill evaluation. Cytotechnology students examined a pristine copy of the virtual slide and made annotations for comparison to those made by experienced instructors. Annotations of the subset were then scored based on the degree of correlation between students and cytotechnologists. A cytopathologist performed a final review of the students' marks; points were then added or subtracted based on this interpretation.Students were graded based on their correlation to senior cytotechnologists. A statistical analysis using modified interrater calculations ranked the students as to locator ability, producing illuminating results.This study shows that VM has promise as a cytotechnology educational tool by allowing the instructor to evaluate students' locator and diagnostic abilities. We have attempted to implement a simple scoring system for evaluation of locator skills where students are compared versus expert cytotechnologists. We anticipate further technological improvements as the products mature. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:363–368. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic terminology and morphologic criteria for cytologic diagnosis of thyroid lesions: A synopsis of the National Cancer Institute Thyroid Fine‐Needle Aspiration State of the Science Conference
Authors: Baloch Zubair W. , LiVolsi Virginia A. , Asa Syl L. , Rosai Juan , Merino Maria J. , Randolph Gregory , Vielh Philippe , DeMay Richard M. , Sidawy Mary K. , Frable William J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored the NCI Thyroid Fine‐needle Aspiration (FNA) State of the Science Conference on October 22–23, 2007 in Bethesda, MD. The two‐day meeting was accompanied by a permanent informational website and several on‐line discussion periods between May 1 and December 15, 2007 (http://thyroidfna.cancer.gov). This document summarizes matters regarding diagnostic terminology/classification scheme for thyroid FNA interpretation and cytomorphologic criteria for the diagnosis of various benign and malignant thyroid lesions. (http://thyroidfna.cancer.gov/pages/info/agenda/). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:425–437. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal changes in suspended sediment transport in a gullied loess basin: the lower Chabagou Creek on the Loess Plateau in China
Authors: Fang H. Y. , Cai Q. G. , Chen H. , Li Q. Y. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSuspended sediment dynamics are still imperfectly understood, especially in the loess hilly region on the Loess Plateau, with strong temporal variability, where few studies heretofore have been conducted. Using a dataset up to eight years long in the Lower Chabagou Creek, the variability in suspended sediment load at different temporal scales (within‐flood variability, monthly–seasonal and annual) is analyzed in this paper. The results show that, on the within‐flood scale, most of the sediment peaks lag behind peak discharges, implying that slope zones are the main sediment source area; independent of the occurring sequences of the peaks of sediment and discharge, all the events could present an anti‐clockwise hysteresis loop resulting from the abundant material and the influence of hyperconcentrated flows on suspended sediment concentration. At monthly and seasonal scales, there is a ‘store–release’ process, i.e. sediment is prepared in winter, spring and late autumn, and exported in summer and early autumn. At the annual scale, the high variability in concentration and sediment yield are highly correlated with water yield, resulting from the number and magnitude of floods recorded yearly, and almost all the suspended load is transported during these events. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Video‐based gravel transport measurements with a flume mounted light table
Authors: Zimmermann André E. , Church Michael , Hassan Marwan A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe study of bedload transport processes is constrained by an inability to monitor the mass, volume and grain size distribution of sediment in transport at high temporal frequencies. Building upon a previously published design, we have integrated a high‐resolution (1392 × 1024 pixels) video camera with a light table to continuously capture images of 2–181 mm material exiting a flume. The images are continuously recorded at a rate of 15 to 20 frames per second and are post‐processed using LabView(™) software, yielding continuous grain‐size‐specific transport information on a per second basis. The video capture rate is sufficient to record multiple images of each grain leaving the flume so that particle velocities can be measured automatically. No manual image processing is required.After calibration the method is accurate and precise for sediment in the 2 mm through to 45 mm grain size classes compared with other means of measuring bedload. Based on a set of validation samples, no statistically significant difference existed between the D10, D16, D25, D50, D75, D84, D90 and D95 determined by sieving captured samples and the Di values determined with the system. On average the system overpredicted transport by 4 per cent (n = 206, SD = 42%). This error can be corrected easily by simply weighing the mass of sediment that leaves the flume. The technology is relatively inexpensive and provides high‐resolution data on coarse sediment transport out of a flume. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controls on sediment evacuation from glacially modified and unmodified catchments in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California
Authors: Dühnforth Miriam , Densmore Alexander L. , Ivy‐Ochs Susan , Allen Philip A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe degree of glacial modification in small catchments along the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, controls the timing and pattern of sediment flux to the adjacent fans. There is a close relationship between the depth of fan‐head incision and the pattern and degree of Late Pleistocene catchment erosion by valley glaciers; catchments with significant glacial activity are associated with deeply incised fan heads, whereas fans emerging from glacially unmodified catchments are unincised. We suggest that the depth of fan‐head incision is controlled by the potential for sediment storage during relatively dry ice‐free periods, which in turn is related to the downstream length of the glacially modified valley and creation of accommodation through valley floor slope lowering and glacial valley overdeepening and widening. Significant storage in glacially modified basins during ice‐free periods leads to sediment supply‐limited conditions at the fan head and causes deep incision. In contrast, a lack of sediment trapping allows quasi‐continuous sediment supply to the fan and prevents incision of the fan head. Sediment evacuation rates should thus show large variations in glacially modified basins, with major peaks during glacial and lows during interglacial or ice‐free periods, respectively. In contrast, sediment removal from glacially unmodified catchments in this type of setting should be free of this effect, and will be dominated instead by short‐term variations, modulated for example by changes in vegetation cover or storm frequency. This distinction may help improve our understanding of long‐term sediment yields as a measure of erosional efficiency. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of suspended sediment sources using 137Cs and 210Pbex in unmanaged Japanese cypress plantation watersheds in southern Japan
Authors: Mizugaki Shigeru , Onda Yuichi , Fukuyama Taijiro , Koga Satoko , Asai Hiroki , Hiramatsu Shinya 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTo analyse suspended sediment sources in unmanaged Japanese cypress plantation watersheds, field measurements and fingerprinting of the suspended sediment was conducted in the Shimanto River basin in southern Japan. For sediment fingerprinting, 137Cs and 210Pbex were detected by means of gamma‐ray spectrometry in the surface soil of the forest floor, stream bank and truck trail and mobilized sediment by interrill erosion. The 137Cs and 210Pbex activities associated with the forest floor materials were considerably higher than those of the stream bank and truck trail. The 137Cs and 210Pbex activities associated with the suspended sediment were found to vary with the sampling period. Evidently, the suspended sediment can comprise materials generated from the forest floor by interrill erosion and those from the truck trail and/or stream bank. The multivariate sediment‐mixing model using 137Cs and 210Pbex showed that the contribution of the forest floor varied periodically, ranging from 23–56% in the Hinoki 156 subwatershed and from 18–85% in the Hinoki 155 subwatershed. The difference in the average contribution of the forest floor between Hinoki 156 (46%) and Hinoki 155 (69%) may relate to the presence of truck trail networks in the watershed. The truck trail network can play roles of sediment source and pathway for sediment from forest floor to stream channel due to the concentrated overland flow on the truck trail during heavy rainfall events. These results indicate that the forest floor should be recognized as a major source of suspended sediment in unmanaged Japanese cypress plantation watersheds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Various components of the insulin‐like growth factor system in tumor tissue, cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of pediatric medulloblastoma and ependymoma patients
Authors: de Bont Judith M. , van Doorn Jaap , Reddingius Roel E. , Graat Gerard H.M. , Passier Monique M.C.J. , den Boer Monique L. , Pieters Rob 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system plays an important role in neuronal development and may contribute to the development of brain tumors. In this study, we studied mRNA expression levels of IGFs, insulin‐like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and insulin‐like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) in 27 pediatric medulloblastomas, 13 pediatric ependymomas and 5 control cerebella. Compared to normal cerebellum, mRNA levels of IGFBP‐2 and IGFBP‐3 were significantly increased in medulloblastomas and ependymomas. IGFBP‐2 expression was indicative of poor prognosis in medulloblastomas, whereas IGFBP‐3 mRNA levels were especially high in anaplastic ependymomas. IGFBP‐5 and IGF‐II mRNA levels were significantly increased in ependymomas compared to control cerebellum. Protein expression levels of IGFs and IGFBPs were analyzed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 16 medulloblastoma, 4 ependymoma and 23 control patients by radioimmuno assay to determine whether they could be used as markers for residual disease after surgery. No aberrant CSF protein expression levels were found for ependymoma patients. In medulloblastoma patients, the IGFBP‐3 protein levels were significantly higher than in ependymoma patients and controls. Moreover, enhanced levels of proteolytic fragments of IGFBP‐3 were found in the CSF of medulloblastoma patients, being in concordance with a significantly increased IGFBP‐3 proteolytic activity in the CSF of these patients. In conclusion, our data suggest that the IGF system is of importance in pediatric medulloblastomas and ependymomas. Larger studies should be conducted to validate the predictive values of the levels of intact IGFBP‐3 and proteolytic fragments in CSF in the follow‐up of medulloblastomas. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attachment disorders in family and social context
Authors: Zeanah Charles H. , Smyke Anna T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSerious disturbances of attachment in young children have been increasingly studied in the past decade as they arise in atypical rearing environments. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on recent findings and to consider their implications. Research on children raised in institutions, children adopted out of institutions, and young children who have experienced neglect in families is considered. Reactive attachment disorder may be identified reliably in a minority of children being raised in severely neglectful environments. The emotionally withdrawn/inhibited pattern and the indiscriminately social/disinhibited pattern arise in similar conditions of risk, but respond differently to intervention and appear to have different correlates. Much has been learned about the emotionally withdrawn/inhibited pattern of reactive attachment disorder and the indiscriminately social/disinhibited pattern. Much less is known about so‐called secure base distortions or relational disorders of attachment.
The clinical relevance of infancy: A progress report
Authors: Stern Daniel 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn the past few decades, findings from infant observations have played a key role in the following selected areas: (a) The emphasis now is on interpersonal and intersubjective processes rather than on intrapsychic processes. This is a paradigm shift towards a two‐person psychology. (b) The elaboration of the attachment domain has reoriented our views of development and treatment. (c) The success of extended home‐visiting programs as a preventive measure for parents and infants at risk has brought an agonizing reappraisal of what makes prevention (and therapy) work. (d) By default, the baby's world is nonverbal. This has led to a productive reexploration of unconsciousness, especially the domain of implicit knowledge. For the future, the following are some of the areas of great promise: (a) Attachment, love and “holding” must be disentangled. (b) We must study how and when the mirror neuron system gets micro‐ and macroregulated. One is not always open to empathic reception. (c) The articulation between the nonverbal (implicit) with the verbal (explicit) needs far more study. (d) The nonspecific factors of psychotherapy seem to be the most important in bringing about change and prevention. We need a greater systematic study of the nonspecific. (e) The triad and quartet, and so on need further exploration. (f) There are many more, but the beauty of research is that you can't know where it will go next.
Does the portal of entry determine our view? Interfaces between dyadic and three‐way assessment of a clinical family transitioning to parenthood
Authors: Philipp Diane A. , Hervé Marie‐Joelle , Keren Miri 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this interface was to explore the influences of dyadic and three‐way observation on clinical assessment of young families. Three independent clinicians observed a clinically referred family using semistructured play paradigms, each with only a limited view of the family. One had only the data on dyadic interactions, the second only had data on the family triad, and the third observed both the dyads and the triad. Interactions were scored using standardized measures as well as the clinical impressions of the three practitioners. The various ports of entry yielded similar impressions in some instances, but each port also provided a richness of information not available from the other portal. Clinical implications are discussed, including not only the benefits of each port for assessment but also the implications for therapy in this case example.