bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the behavior of different polypropylene meshes (heavy and lightweight) in an experimental model of ventral hernia repair
Authors: Bellón J. M. , Rodríguez M. , García‐Honduvilla N. , Gómez‐Gil V. , Pascual G. , Buján J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNew generation prosthetic biomaterials for abdominal wall repair have been designed to be less dense, by having larger pores than that of the standard polypropylene meshes, to improve abdominal wall compliance. The aim of the present study was to analyze the functional and morphologic properties of these new meshes. For this purpose, 7 × 5 cm2 defects were created in the anterior abdominal wall of 36 male New Zealand White rabbits and repaired using different polypropylene meshes: a heavyweight mesh (HW), Surgipro, and two lightweight meshes (LW), Parietene and Optilene. Six animals each implanted with biomaterial were sacrificed on postoperative days 14 and 90. Histological and morphometric analysis, adhesion assessment, and biomechanical resistance tests were performed. Similar behavior was shown by the LW and HW meshes in terms of the adhesions and macrophage response induced. After 14 days, the tensile strength of Optilene was greater than the strengths recorded for the other two biomaterials, probably because of its high elasticity. By 90 days, however, the tensile strengths of the three biomaterials were comparable. In conclusion, despite an initial tensile strength advantage shown by the mesh with larger pores, at 90 days postimplant, tensile strengths were similar. Compared with HW, LW prostheses have the benefit that less foreign material was implanted, preserving the elasticity of the recipient host tissue. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
MRI detects increased coronary wall thickness in asymptomatic individuals: The multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Macedo Robson , Chen Shaoguang , Lai Shenghan , Shea Steven , Malayeri Ashkan A. , Szklo Moyses , Lima João A.C. , Bluemke David A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the use of coronary wall MRI as a measure of atherosclerotic disease burden in an asymptomatic population free of clinical cardiovascular disease. Coronary wall magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive method for evaluation of arterial wall remodeling associated with atherosclerosis.Materials and MethodsAsymptomatic participants of the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study were studied using black blood MRI. MRI‐assessed coronary wall thickness was compared with computed tomography calcium score, carotid intimal‐medial thickness, and risk factors for coronary artery disease.ResultsEighty‐eight arterial segments were evaluated in 38 MESA participants (mean age, 61.3 ± 8.7 years). The maximum coronary wall thickness was greater for participants with two or more cardiovascular risk factors than for those with one or no risk factors (2.59 ± 0.33 mm vs. 2.36 ± 0.30 mm, respectively, P = 0.05.) For participants with zero calcium score, the mean and maximum coronary wall thickness for subjects with two or more risk factors for coronary artery disease were greater than the wall thickness for subjects with one or no risk factors (mean thickness: 1.95 ± 0.17 mm vs. 1.7 ± 0.19 mm; maximum thickness: 2.67 ± 0.24 mm vs. 2.32 ± 0.27 mm, respectively, P < 0.05). Subjects with increased carotid intimal‐medial thickness also had increased coronary artery wall thickness (P < 0.05).ConclusionCoronary artery wall MRI detects increased coronary wall thickness in asymptomatic individuals with subclinical markers of atherosclerotic disease and in individuals with zero calcium score. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality of visitor attractions, satisfaction, benefits and behavioural intentions of visitors: verification of a model
Authors: Nowacki Marek M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study is an attempt to verify a model of relations between motivation, quality of product of attraction, benefits, satisfaction and behavioural intentions of visiting people. The data for the analysis were collected from 1770 visitors in four tourist attractions of the Wielkopolska and Kujawy regions. It was noted that the effect of performance of service provider on behavioural intentions takes the route through benefits gained by the visitors. Benefits have a stronger total effect on behavioural intentions than visitors' satisfaction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Milk – A new source for bioactive phospholipids for use in food formulations
Authors: Burling Hans , Graverholt Gitte 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe fat globules of milk are surrounded by a membrane, which contains a triple layer of phospholipids. Concentrated cream is thus a very good raw material for further processing in order to make a powder, enriched in phospholipids. A powder can in this way easily be produced with 20% phospholipids using only common dairy processes such as centrifugation and membrane filtration. Milk phospholipids differ in compositions from existing commercial sources such as soybean lecithins and egg lecithins particularly with respect to the content of two bioactive phospholipids namely sphingomyelin (about 24%) and phosphatidylserine (12%). Sphingomyelin is an active agent controlling the intestinal uptake of cholesterol and triacylglycerols in human nutrition. Intake of phosphatidyl serine has clinically documented effects in maintaining cognitive performance like memory and stress control. A milk phospholpids enriched product thus offers a 100% natural alternative to the well‐established, semi‐synthetic head‐group exchanged phosphatidyl serine from soy lecithin now existing on the market for functional foods formulations.
Toward accurate quantification of metabolites, lipids, and macromolecules in HRMAS spectra of human brain tumor biopsies using LCModel
Authors: Opstad Kirstie S. , Bell B. Anthony , Griffiths John R. , Howe Franklyn A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHigh‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) 1H MR spectroscopy of biopsy samples provides detailed biochemical profiles that can be related to the lower‐resolution spectra obtained in vivo. Nevertheless, there is still significant overlap of many resonance peaks and contributions from broad lipid and macromolecule resonances that impede accurate quantification. We determined a minimum set of in vitro metabolite and simulated lipid and macromolecule resonances needed for LCModel analysis and quantification of brain tumor biopsy HRMAS spectra. We also demonstrate the quality of the LCModel fit for the four main brain tumor types (astrocytoma grade II, glioblastoma, metastasis, and meningioma). Our data suggest that when fitting resonances of coupled spins systems in high‐resolution spectra, interactions between metabolites and the macromolecular environment of the biopsy may cause small peak shifts not found in the solution spectra. However, LCModel is shown to provide a user‐independent method of analyzing HRMAS brain tumor spectra. Magn Reson Med, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adjoint‐based quasi‐Newton methods for partially separable problems
Authors: Schlenkrich Sebastian , Walther Andrea 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper the concepts of partitioned quasi‐Newton methods are applied to adjoint Broyden updates. Consequently a corresponding partitioned adjoint Broyden update is presented and local convergence results are given. Numerical results compare the partitioned adjoint Broyden update methods to the corresponding unpartitioned quasi‐Newton method and to Newton's method for nonlinear equations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Approaches to learning on placement: the students' perspective
Authors: Kell Clare , Owen Gwyneth 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground and Purpose. With Continuing Professional Development activity, a requirement of Allied Health Professional registration in the UK and said to be most effectively supported by practitioners who adopt a deep approach to learning, a UK university has been exploring how its pre‐registration curriculum influences learner development. This paper investigates the possible influences of the clinical placement component of the curriculum that is structured as four 4‐week blocks during both Years 2 and 3 of the 3‐year BSc (Hons) programme. A range of placement models are used within this structure including the traditional 1:1 educator : student ratio and those that have a higher ratio of student(s) : educator(s). Methods. This phase of the larger project used a case study design framed about students from two academic year groups on one UK undergraduate, pre‐registration physiotherapy programme. Three questionnaires comprising a learning approaches inventory, a demographic questionnaire and a placement self‐assessment form were posted to Year 2 and 3 students during one clinical placement. The students were invited to complete the questionnaires halfway through their placement, but in advance of the first, formal placement education feedback meeting. The need for students' self‐assessment prevented follow‐up data collection. Results. Analysis of the data from the learning approaches inventory against the demographic variables and placement assessment scores suggest that students' learning strategies depend upon the number of students, educators and assessors involved in their placement. The paper explores the possible links between placement experience, learning strategy and academic outcome. The authors question assumptions about the perceived benefits of some placement education models. Conclusion. Increasing the ratio of student : educator or educator : student may have a detrimental effect on students' learning development when placements are of 4‐week duration. If such placement models are adopted, then students and placement educators must be adequately prepared and supported so that students' learning development towards the deep‐learning autonomous professionals of tomorrow can continue through placement education. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cervarix, a bivalent HPV vaccine to prevent cervical cancer
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Nicholas Nick 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCervarix, a bivalent vaccine against HPV‐16 and ‐18, is licensed for the prevention of cervical cancer and has been chosen for the HPV immunisation programme. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects, and Mr Nick Nicholas comments on its place in HPV protection. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Plasma modification of polyolefin surfaces
Authors: Lee Keun Taik , Goddard Julie M. , Hotchkiss Joseph H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn order to functionalize the surface of blown low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and cast polypropylene (CPP) films, and ultimately to maximize the attachment of active molecules onto them, the optimum treatment parameters of capacitively‐coupled radio‐frequency (13.56 MHz) oxygen plasma were investigated by using contact angle, toluidine blue dye assay, X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR). Contact angle values of LDPE and CPP samples decreased significantly after oxygen plasma treatment. They further decreased as the plasma power level increased. The treatment time had no substantial effect on contact angle value. The optimum treatment conditions for LDPE and CPP films for maximizing carboxyl functionality without causing observable surface changes were found to be 200 W/200 mTorr and 250 W/50 mTorr, respectively, when treated for 3 min. The maximum carboxyl group concentration obtained with LDPE and CPP films were 0.46 and 0.56 nmol/cm2, respectively. The percent of oxygen atoms on the surface of plasma‐treated LDPE and CPP films was determined by XPS analysis to be 22.6 and 28.7%, respectively. The ATR‐FTIR absorption bands at 1725–1700 cm−1 confirmed the presence of carboxylic acids on LDPE and CPP films. By exposing the plasma‐treated sample to air rather than water and treating films repeatedly with oxygen plasma, a higher carboxyl group concentration could be obtained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric study on the effect of N‐terminal β‐ and γ‐carbo amino acids on fragmentation of GABA‐hybrid peptides
Authors: Ramesh V. , Ramesh M. , Srinivas R. , Sharma G. V. M. , Jayaprakash P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe fragmentations of protonated and deprotonated ions of a new class of N‐blocked hybrid Boc‐carbopeptides containing repeats of γ‐Caa/γAbu‐ and β‐Caa/γAbu‐ (CaaC‐linked carbo γ4‐/β3‐ amino acids derived from D‐xylose, γAbu = γ‐aminobutyric acid) have been studied using electrospray ionization (ESI) ion‐trap tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). MS/MS of a pair of these protonated diastereomers produces distinct fragmentation of the Boc group. The formation of [M + H–56]+ corresponding to loss of isobutylene is more pronounced for Boc‐NH‐(R)‐γ‐Caa‐γAbu‐OH (2) whereas it is of low abundance for Boc‐NH‐(S)‐γ‐Caa‐γAbuOH (1). Similarly, MS2 of [MH]− of 2 produces an abundant [MHC(CH3)3OHCO2]− ion, which is absent for its diastereomeric isomer 1. From this, it can be suggested that MS/MS of N‐blocked Boc‐protected carbopeptides may be helpful in distinguishing the stereochemistry of the N‐terminus Caa. MS3 of [M + H–Boc + H]+ ions of peptides with a γ‐amino acid (γ‐Caa/γAbu) at the N‐terminus produces only abundant y ions. On the other hand, characteristic fragmentations involving the peptide backbone (b and y) and the side chain are seen when β‐Caa is at the N‐terminus of the peptides. MS3 of the [MHC(CH3)3OH]− ion of peptides containing γ‐Caa/γAbu at the N‐terminus gave y and [MHC(CH3)3OHCO2]− ions, whereas the presence of β‐Caa at the N‐terminus yielded predominantly [MHC(CH3)3OHHNCO]−. Thus, on the basis of our previous study and that presented here we propose that the fragmentation of these hybrid carbopeptides is highly influenced by the type of carbo amino acid present at the N‐terminus. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Furofuranic glycosylated lignans: a gas‐phase ion chemistry investigation by tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ricci Andreina , Fiorentino Antonio , Piccolella Simona , Golino Annunziata , Pepi Federico , D'Abrosca Brigida , Letizia Marianna , Monaco Pietro 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAlkali metal cation adducts, [M+Alk]+, and [M–H]− ions of four known glycosylated furofuran lignans, (+)‐pinoresinol 4‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, (+)‐phylliroside, (+)‐8‐hydroxypinoresinol 4‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, and (+)‐8‐hydroxypinoresinol 8‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, recently isolated from Carex distachya, were generated by electrospray ionization and allowed to undergo collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) in a quadrupole ion trap (QIT) and in a triple quadrupole (TQ) mass spectrometer. CAD mass spectra of [M+Na]+ and [M+Li]+ adducts revealed the presence of structurally diagnostic product ions. CAD mass spectra of deprotonated glycosylated furofuran lignans showed the typical neutral loss of 162 Da when the glucose residue was bound to a phenolic oxygen atom. When glycosylation occurred at an alcoholic oxygen, as for (+)‐8‐hydroxypinoresinol 8‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, a neutral loss of 180 Da represented the main fragmentation pathway. Selective hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange of all the acidic hydrogen atoms of furofuran glycosides, performed by introducing lignan glycosides in D2O/CH3OD solutions, were employed to obtain information on the nature of the product ions generated during TQ/CAD processes. Energy‐resolved TQ/CAD mass spectra of deprotonated lignan glycosides and their deprotonated aglycones were used in a qualitative way to infer information on the integrated energetic picture of CAD fragmentations and to investigate the mechanism of the predominant dissociation/isomerization processes. On the basis of the hypothesized fragmentation mechanisms, gas‐phase features of the furofuran ring were derived. The presence of an OH substituent in the C8 position decreased the electron density in the adjacent C8′ position, modifying the fragmentation pathway. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network invariants for real-time systems
Authors: Grinchtein Olga , Leucker Martin 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

We extend the approach of model checking parameterized networks of processes by means of
network invariants
to the setting of
real-time systems
. We introduce
timed transition structures
(which are similar in spirit to timed automata) and define a notion of
abstraction
that is
safe
with respect to linear temporal properties. We strengthen the notion of abstraction to allow a finite system, then called
network invariant
, to be an abstraction of networks of real-time systems. In general the problem of checking abstraction of real-time systems is undecidable. Hence, we provide sufficient criteria, which can be checked automatically, to conclude that one system is an abstraction of a concrete one. Our method is based on timed
superposition
and
discretization
of timed systems. We exemplify our approach by proving mutual exclusion of a simple protocol inspired by Fischer’s protocol, using the model checker TLV.
Long‐Term Changes in Parathyroid Function After Subtotal Thyroidectomy for Graves’ Disease
Authors: Yano Yukiko , Nagahama Mitsuji , Sugino Kiminori , Ito Kunihiko , Ito Koichi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundTransient hypocalcemia is one of the postoperative complications of thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease, and perioperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) assays are used to predict postoperative hypocalcemia. We evaluated long‐term changes in parathyroid function after surgery for Graves’ disease.MethodsSerum PTH values were measured in Graves’ patients with postoperative hypocalcemia, and those patients were followed postoperatively.ResultsSubtotal thyroidectomy was performed in 275 patients with Graves’ disease. Their serum calcium levels were measured on postoperative day (POD) 1, and patients with transient postoperative hypocalcemia were treated with calcium and vitamin D supplementation and followed up. The amount of calcium and vitamin D supplementation was adjusted to keep the patient’s serum calcium level within the normal range. Measurement of their serum intact PTH value on POD 1 revealed normal value in 18 patients, a below normal level in 22, and an above normal level in the other 2. During the follow‐up period, the serum iPTH values remained normal in 12 patients, recovered to the normal level in 21 patients, and rose above the normal range in 9 patients. The serum iPTH values of all patients eventually reached the normal range during the follow‐up period. A marked difference in preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase concentration was observed between the high‐iPTH patients and the normocalcemic patients.ConclusionsThe phenomenon of an elevated serum PTH level after surgery for Graves’ disease was observed in 21% of the patients with postoperative hypocalcemia despite the achievement of normal serum calcium levels by calcium and vitamin D supplementation.
Accuracy of Frozen Section Analysis Versus Specimen Radiography During Breast‐Conserving Surgery for Nonpalpable Lesions
Authors: Weber Walter P. , Engelberger Stephan , Viehl Carsten T. , Zanetti‐Dallenbach Rosanna , Kuster Salome , Dirnhofer Stephan , Wruk Daniela , Oertli Daniel , Marti Walter R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundWhereas specimen radiography (SR) is an established strategy for intraoperative resection margin analysis during breast‐conserving surgery for nonpalpable lesions, the use of frozen section analysis (FSA) is still a matter of debate.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of 115 consecutive operations in which the two objectives sought were the excision of nonpalpable malignant lesions and breast conservation. Breast surgery was performed in the Gynecology and the Surgery Departments at the Basel University Hospital Breast Center. Whereas one department preferably uses SR for intraoperative margin assessments of lesions involving ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or atypical ductal hyperplasia, the other uses FSA to increase the rate of complete removal of these lesions with a single procedure. The respective accuracy and therapeutic impact of these two techniques are compared here.ResultsIntraoperative resection margin assessments were performed with FSA in 80 and SR in 35 of a total of 115 operations performed on 111 patients with pTis, pT1, or pT2 nonpalpable breast cancer. FSA diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 83.8%, 80.0%, and 87.5%, respectively, compared to 60%, 60%, and 60%, respectively, for SR. FSA tended to have a stronger therapeutic impact than SR in terms of the number of patients in whom initially positive margins were rendered margin‐negative thanks to intraoperative analysis and immediate reexcision or mastectomy (27.5% vs. 14.3%; p = 0.124). More importantly, significantly fewer secondary reexcisions were performed in the FSA series than in the SR series (12.5% vs. 37.1%; p = 0.002). Finally, the intraoperative detection of invasive cancer with FSA led to a significantly lower number of secondary procedures for axillary lymph node staging (5% vs. 25.7%; p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe present results suggest that FSA may be more accurate than SR for analyzing intraoperative resection margins during breast‐conserving surgery for nonpalpable lesions.
Legacies of Garrod's brilliance. One hundred years—and counting
Authors: Rosenberg L. E. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryOne hundred years ago—in 1908—Archibald Garrod delivered his four Croonian Lectures. In these formerly forgotten, but now famous, dissertations, Garrod first used the expression, ‘inborn errors of metabolism’, to describe four rare disorders: albinism, alkaptonuria, cystinuria, and pentosuria. This prescient work proposed that such disorders resulted from enzymatic defects in the catabolic pathways for amino acids and sugars. Thus, Garrod can rightfully be called the first human geneticist. Much influenced by his colleague Bateson, who brought Mendel's work to his attention, Garrod then was the first to apply Gregor Mendel's law of gene segregation to humans, the first to propose recessive inheritance in humans, and the first to point out the importance of consanguinity. He even mentioned the role of ethnicity in inherited disorders. This would have been legacy enough, but Garrod did much more. He wrote about such other ‘modern’ topics as genetic predisposition to common disorders; the critical importance of physicians who were also scientists; and the proper role of the university in society. Although Garrod's work and ideas were not appreciated during his lifetime, they have echoed and reverberated ever since. He can rightly be deemed one of the most profound intellectuals of the 20th century, whose bequests to science and medicine continue to increase in value. All of us who study inborn errors of metabolism and who apply our knowledge in the hope of improving the diagnosis and treatment of affected patients are, in a genuine sense, Garrodians.
Metabolism as a complex genetic trait, a systems biology approach: Implications for inborn errors of metabolism and clinical diseases
Authors: Vockley Jerry 
Published: October 2008

SummaryMultifactorial and polygenic inheritance is commonly recognized for many genetic conditions including physical anomalies, complex congenital malformation syndromes, and even common disorders such as adult‐onset diabetes mellitus. It has only recently been suggested as a mechanism for inheritance in inborn errors of metabolism. This article reviews the phenomenon of multiple partial enzyme deficiencies leading to clinical relevant biochemical derangements (synergistic heterozygosity) and its implications for other more common disorders such as diabetes and obesity.