bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rise of Data-Driven Weather Forecasting: A First Statistical Assessment of Machine Learning–Based Weather Forecasts in an Operational-Like Context
Authors: Ben Bouallègue Zied , Clare Mariana C. A. , Magnusson Linus , Gascón Estibaliz , Maier-Gerber Michael , Janoušek Martin , Rodwell Mark , Pinault Florian , Dramsch Jesper S. , Lang Simon T. K. , Raoult Baudouin , Rabier Florence , Chevallier Matthieu , Sandu Irina , Dueben Peter , Chantry Matthew , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Data-driven modeling based on machine learning (ML) is showing enormous potential for weather forecasting. Rapid progress has been made with impressive results for some applications. The uptake of ML methods could be a game changer for the incremental progress in traditional numerical weather prediction (NWP) known as the “quiet revolution” of weather forecasting. The computational cost of running a forecast with standard NWP systems greatly hinders the improvements that can be made by increasing model resolution and ensemble sizes. An emerging new generation of ML models, developed using high-quality reanalysis datasets like ERA5 for training, allows forecasts that require much lower computational costs and that are highly competitive in terms of accuracy. Here, we compare for the first time ML-generated forecasts with standard NWP-based forecasts in an operational-like context, initialized from the same initial conditions. Focusing on deterministic forecasts, we apply common forecast verification tools to assess to what extent a data-driven forecast produced with one of the recently developed ML models (PanguWeather) matches the quality and attributes of a forecast from one of the leading global NWP systems (the ECMWF IFS). The results are very promising, with comparable accuracy for both global metrics and extreme events, when verified against both the operational IFS analysis and synoptic observations. Overly smooth forecasts, increasing bias with forecast lead time, and poor performance in predicting tropical cyclone intensity are identified as current drawbacks of ML-based forecasts. A new NWP paradigm is emerging relying on inference from ML models and state-of-the-art analysis and reanalysis datasets for forecast initialization and model training.
The Role of Diabatic Heating in the Midlatitude Atmospheric Circulation Response to Climate Change
Authors: Ghosh Soumik , Lachmy Orli , Kaspi Yohai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Climate models generally predict a poleward shift of the midlatitude circulation in response to climate change induced by increased greenhouse gas concentration, but the intermodel spread of the eddy-driven jet shift is large and poorly understood. Recent studies point to the significance of midlatitude midtropospheric diabatic heating for the intermodel spread in the jet latitude. To examine the role of diabatic heating in the jet response to climate change, a series of simulations are performed using an idealized aquaplanet model. It is found that both increased CO2 concentration and increased saturation vapor pressure induce a similar warming response, leading to a poleward and upward shift of the midlatitude circulation. An exception to this poleward shift is found for a certain range of temperatures, where the eddy-driven jet shifts equatorward, while the latitude of the eddy heat flux remains essentially unchanged. This equatorward jet shift is explained by the connection between the zonal-mean momentum and heat budgets: increased diabatic heating in the midlatitude midtroposphere balances the cooling by the Ferrel cell ascending branch, enabling an equatorward shift of the Ferrel cell streamfunction and eddy-driven jet, while the latitude of the eddy heat flux remains unchanged. The equatorward jet shift and the strengthening of the midlatitude diabatic heating are found to be sensitive to the model resolution. The implications of these results for a potential reduction in the jet shift uncertainty through the improvement of convective parameterizations are discussed.

Significance Statement
The latitude of the eddy-driven jet displays considerable variation in climate models, and the factors influencing this variability are poorly understood. This work connects the strength of midlatitude diabatic heating to the structure of the midlatitude circulation and the eddy-driven jet latitude. The direction of the eddy-driven jet shift in response to climate change is found to depend on the diabatic heating response, which in turn depends on the parameterized convective heating. These results highlight the role of convective parameterizations in the representation of the midlatitude circulation in climate models. Additionally, the results imply that the eddy-driven jet shift cannot be explained solely based on the storm-track response to climate change, in contrast with previously suggested explanations.
Small-Scale Diffusion Dryer on an Optical Particle Counter for High-Humidity Aerosol Measurements with an Uncrewed Aircraft System
Authors: Savvakis Vasileios , Schön Martin , Bramati Matteo , Bange Jens , Platis Andreas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The negative effects of relative humidity to measurements of particulate matter (PM) due to hygroscopic growth are often not inherently handled by low-cost optical particle counters (OPCs). This study presents a new approach in constructing a miniaturized diffusion dryer, for use with an OPC mounted on an uncrewed aircraft system (UAS), namely, the DJI S900 (weight of 7.5 kg and flight endurance of 20 min) for short-term measurements under humid conditions. In this work, an OPC of type N3 (Alphasense) was employed alongside the dryer, with experiments both in the laboratory and outdoors. Evaluation of the dryer’s performance in a fog tank showed effective drying from almost saturated air to 41% relative humidity for 35 min, which is longer than the endurance of the UAS, and therefore sufficient. Changes in the flow rate through the OPC-N3 with the dryer showed a 17% reduction compared to an absent dryer, but the measured PM values remained unaffected. Airborne measurements were taken from four hovering flights near a governmental air pollution station (Mannheim-Nord, Germany) under humid conditions (88%–93%) where the system gave agreeable concentrations when the dryer was in place, but significantly overestimated all PM types without it. At a rural area near the Boundary Layer Field Site Falkenberg (Lindenberg, Germany), operated by the German Meteorological Service (DWD), vertical profiles inside a low-altitude cloud showed sharp increase in concentrations when the UAS entered the cloud layer, demonstrating its capability to accurately detect the layer base.
Reducing the Burdens of Paid Caregivers of Older Adults by Using Assistive Technology: A Scoping Review
Authors: Choi U Yeong , Patterson Patrick , Chinho Norma 
Published: February 2024

Background: Paid caregivers are needed to support older adults, but caregiver burden contributes to high turnover rates. Assistive technologies help perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and can reduce caregiver burden, but little is known about how they impact paid caregivers. Objective: This scoping review provides an overview of evidence on using assistive technology to reduce burdens on paid caregivers working with older adults. Design: The review was conducted from May to August 2022. The eligibility criteria included: (1) publication within 5 years in peer-reviewed journals, (2) investigation of assistive technology, (3) main participants include paid caregivers supporting older adults, and (4) describing impacts on caregiver burden. Searches were conducted in 6 databases, generating 702 articles. The charted data included (1) country of study, (2) participant care roles, (3) study design, (4) main outcomes, and (5) types of assistive technology. Numerical description and qualitative content analysis of themes were used. Results: Fifteen articles reporting on studies in 9 countries were retained for analysis. Studies used a variety of quantitative (8/15), qualitative (5/15), and mixed (2/15) methods. Technologies studied included grab bars and handrails, bidet seats, bed transfer devices, sensor and monitoring systems, social communication systems, and companion robots. Articles identified benefits for reducing stress and workload, while paid caregivers described both positive and negative impacts. Conclusions: Literature describing the impact of assistive technology on paid caregivers who work with older adults is limited and uses varied methodologies. Additional research is needed to enable rigorous evaluation of specific technologies and impacts on worker turnover.
The effect of air-free administration of intravenous drugs on microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: den Ouden Amber , Stehouwer Marco C , Geurts Bernd , Hofman Erik , Bruins Peter 
Published: February 2024

Objective During cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), gaseous microemboli (GME) that originate from the extracorporeal circuit are released into the arterial blood stream of the patient. Gaseous microemboli may contribute to adverse outcome after cardiac surgery with CPB. Possibly, air may be collected in the right atrium during induction of anesthesia and released during CPB start. The aim of this study was to assess if the GME load entering the venous line of the CPB circuit could be reduced by training of anesthesia personal in avoiding air introduction during administration of intravenous medication. Methods In 94 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with CPB, GME number and volume were measured intraoperatively with a bubble counter (BCC300). The quantity and the relationship between GME number and volume in the venous and arterial line were determined in 2 periods before and after education of the anesthesiologists and nurses. Results In the venous line no significant differences were observed between numbers and volumes of GME between groups. Comparing patients with low versus high GME load, showed significantly more patients from the intervention group in the low GME-load group, namely 29 versus 18. Administration of medication by anesthesia was confirmed as a clear cause of GME/air-introduction into the venous circulation. Scavenging properties of the CPB circuit including the oxygenator showed a 99.9% reduction of GME. Conclusions A wide spread of GME generation during perfusion was present with no difference in generation of GME between groups. Lower GME load observed in patients (intervention group) and examples of air introduction during drug administration suggest that air introduced by anesthesia contributes to the GME load during CPB. Scavenging properties of the CPB circuit contribute very much to patient safety regarding reduction of venous air. Awareness and education create the possibilities for further reduction of GME during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Preparation of nano-CuO@BaSO4 under room temperatures and its application in PA6 composites
Authors: Xu Boren , Yi Chunwang 
Published: February 2024

In this work, by simply using barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2·8H2O) to react with cupric(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) in methanol under room temperatures, cupric oxide and barium sulfate co-precipitates (CuO@BaSO4) were one-step prepared, and the methanol can be recycled after separating the co-precipitates. The CuO@BaSO4 co-precipitates were then blended with polyamide 6 (PA6) to prepare PA6-CuO@BaSO4 composites and composites fiber via melt extrusion and melt spinning methods to improve the mechanic and antibacterial properties synchronously. The as-prepared CuO@BaSO4 co-precipitates have a regular size of 30–50 nm and are highly compatible with the PA6 matrix. Further investigations disclosed that the CuO@BaSO4 co-precipitates had a good dispersion in the PA6 matrix and synchronously improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability. What’s more, the PA6-CuO@BaSO4 composites showed excellent antibacterial performance and high spinnability. The bactericidal rate reached 100% when adding tiny content (0.24 wt%) of Cu2+ into PA6 fibers.
Organizational trust breaches among nurses and aides: A qualitative study
Authors: Brewer Katherine C. , Dierkes Andrew M. , Norful Allison A. 
Published: February 2024

Background Healthcare worker retention and burnout are confounding issues. Trust among workers and their employer, that is, organization, is an important yet underexplored concept in research. Research aim The aim of this qualitative study is to explore organizational actions and systems that promote or denigrate trust among registered nurses and patient care aides (aides). Research design The study uses the Model of Psychological Contract as a theoretical framework. Focus groups were conducted to explore the concept of organizational trust and the consequences of broken trust. Participants Registered nurses (RNs) (n=6) and aides (n=6) participated in the study. Six focus groups (three RN and three aide) were conducted, with two participants per group. Focus groups were conducted online. Ethical considerations The study's methods were reviewed by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. Findings Among RNs and aides, a sense of trust and feeling valued were important to their sense of relationship with their employers. Trust was breached when resources were scarce, employees did not feel validated and listened to, and problems were not addressed. RNs and aides described feeling devalued when compensation practices were unjust or inequitable, they had limited autonomy, and the employer created an organizational climate where business needs superceded human caring. Consequences of trust breach included burnout, dejection, and feelings of non-belonging. Discussion Tangible organizational resources (compensation and staffing) and intangible resources (value, respect, autonomy) are important to RNs and aides alike. Inability to provide these resources diminishes trust and even causes a sense of betrayal. Conclusion Future research can explore the concepts of organizational justice and interventions to restore lost trust and improve healthcare worker well-being. This is one of only a few identified studies to explore organizational factors and well-being among aides and more research among this healthcare worker population is warranted.
Development of the ethical decision-making competence scale
Authors: Pai Hsiang-Chu , Hwu Lien-Jen 
Published: February 2024

Background Developing confident capacity for ethical decision-making is vital in nursing education. However, no tool examines nursing students’ competence in ethical decision-making. Aim This study aimed to develop an Ethical Decision-Making Competence Scale (EDM-CS) to assess ethical care decision-making competencies in nursing students. Participants and research context Original items were obtained by employing a focus group and the Delphi method. A cross-sectional design was used to confirm the items remained on the scale. Additionally, the scale’s reliability and validity were assessed. The EDM-CS was completed by 498 nursing students. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to examine the factor structure based on data from group 1 ( n = 250). A second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the model’s fitness based on data from group 2 ( n = 248). This study was conducted between August 2022 and July 2023. Ethical considerations The Institutional Review Board of Chung Shan Medical University Hospital approved this study’s design and procedure. Results From the original 34 items, nine were deleted in the EFA. Thus, the EDM-CS had 25 items and a four-factor structure (ethical judgement, ethical sensitivity, ethical motivation, and ethical action), which explained 60.97% of the total variance. A second-order CFA identified a second-order factor termed ‘ethical decision-making competence’ with 18 items (root mean square residual = 0.052). The EDM-CS scores correlated significantly and positively with the scores on the Scale of Protective Factor-24 (r = 0.47, p < .001), which indicated good convergent validity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the final EDM-CS was 0.90 and ranged from 0.73 to 0.80 for the four subscales. Discussion and conclusion The EDM-CS was validated to fit the data adequately. It can be used to evaluate clinical nursing students’ ethical decision-making abilities and to develop education strategies to improve their ethical care competence.
Platelet-Rich Plasma vs Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis at 3-6 Months: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Daher Mohammad , Covarrubias Oscar , Herber Agustin , Oh Irvin , Gianakos Arianna L. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common foot disorder with variability in treatment strategy. Two effective management techniques include platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT). The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the effectiveness of PRP vs ESWT in the management of PF. Methods: A systematic search was performed of PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials comparing PRP to ESWT. Studies met inclusion criteria if mean and SDs for visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores and plantar fascia thickness (PFT) were reported. Mean differences were used to compare VAS pain score and PFT between PRP and ESWT. Results: Six randomized controlled trials, comparing a total of 214 subjects in the PRP group and 218 subjects in the ESWT group, were analyzed. A significantly greater statistical improvement was seen in the PRP group in VAS pain (mean difference = −0.67 [95% CI −1.16, −0.18], P = .007) and plantar fascia thickness (PFT) (mean difference = −0.56 [95% CI −0.77, −0.35], P < .001). Conclusion: PRP had a statistically higher pain reduction than ESWT, but the difference does not reach clinical significance in this meta-analysis.
Endovascular Treatment of a Forty-Year-Old Post-Traumatic Knee Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Theodoridis Panagiotis , El Kanty Aouatif E. , Kourampi Islam , Iatrou Nikolaos , Dimopoulos Christos , Bisdas Theodosios 
Published: February 2024

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) of the lower extremity are uncommon. The main causes are traumatic or iatrogenic, with 15% of traumatic AVFs occurring in the popliteal vessels. Herein, we present a 60-year–old female with a traumatic AVF caused after a car accident 40 years ago. The patient presented with right leg venous claudication and symptoms of congestive heart failure. Duplex ultrasound of lower limb vessels revealed an AVF at the distal part of the tibiofibular trunk. The patient was successfully managed with an endovascular approach using a coil-assisted covered endovascular repair technique of the tibiofibular bifurcation (CERTIFIB) with excellent results and distal vessels patency. At 3 months follow-up, patient presented with an impressive regression of 3 cm of the lower extremity oedema and improvement of both claudication and heart failure.
Interspecialty Variation in Perioperative Health Care Resource Usage for Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Malik Azeem Tariq , Lin James S. , Jain Sonu , Awan Hisham , Khan Safdar N. , Goyal Kanu S. 
Published: February 2024

Background: We investigated whether any interspecialty variation exists, regarding perioperative health care resource usage, in carpal tunnel releases (CTRs). Methods: The 2010 to 2021 PearlDiver Mariner Database, an all-payer claims database, was queried to identify patients undergoing primary CTRs. Physician specialty IDs were used to identify the specialty of the surgeon—orthopedic versus plastic versus general surgery versus neurosurgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify whether there was any interspecialty variation between the use of health care resources. Results: A total of 908 671 patients undergoing CTRs were included, of which 556 339 (61.2%) were by orthopedic surgeons, 297 047 (32.7%) by plastic surgeons, 44 118 (4.9%) by neurosurgeons, and 11 257 (1.2%) by general surgeons. In comparison with orthopedic surgeons, patients treated by plastic surgeons were less likely to have received opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, oral steroids, and preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis but were more likely to have received steroid injections and electrodiagnostic studies (EDSs) preoperatively. Patients treated by neurosurgeons were more likely to have received preoperative opioids, gabapentin, oral steroids, preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, EDSs, and formal preoperative physical/occupational therapy and less likely to have received steroid injections. Patients treated by general surgeons were less likely to receive oral steroids, steroid injections, EDSs, preoperative formal physical therapy, and preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, but were more likely to be prescribed gabapentin. Conclusions: There exists significant variation in perioperative health care resource usage for CTRs between specialties. Understanding reasons behind such variation would be paramount in minimizing differences in how care is practiced for elective hand procedures.
Implementing health worker training on sepsis in South Eastern Nigeria using innovative digital strategies: an interventional study
Authors: Otu Akaninyene , Onwusaka Obiageli , Otokpa Daniel E. , Edadi Ukam , Udoh Ubong , Yougha Peter , Oduche Chinelo , Okuzu Okey , Jacob Shevin T. , Rylance Jamie , Effa Emmanuel 
Published: February 2024

Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. Training of health workers using digital platforms may improve knowledge and lead to better patient outcomes. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of a digital health educational module on sepsis in improving the knowledge of medical doctors in Cross River State Nigeria on the diagnosis and management of patients presenting with sepsis. Design: Quasi-experimental analytical study. Methods: We developed and deployed a sepsis module through an innovative application (Sepsis tutorial app) to doctors in Calabar, Nigeria. We assessed quantitative pre- and post-intervention knowledge scores for those completing the tutorial on sepsis between both assessments. A user satisfaction survey evaluated the content of the tutorial and the usability of the app. Results: One hundred and two doctors completed the course. There were more males than females (58.8% versus 41.2%). Over half (52%) were junior doctors, a minority were general practitioners and house officers (3% and 5%, respectively), and 72.6% had practiced for periods ranging from 1 to 15 years post-qualification. Gender and age appeared to have no significant association with pre- and post-test scores. The oldest age group (61–70) had the lowest mean pre- and post-test scores, while general practitioners had higher mean pre- and post-test scores than other cadres. The majority (95%) of participants recorded higher post-test than pre-test scores with a significant overall increase in mean scores (25.5 ± 14.7%, p < 0.0001). Participants were satisfied with the content and multimodal delivery of the material and found the app usable. Conclusion: Digital training using context-responsive platforms is feasible and may be used to close the critical knowledge gap required to respond effectively to medical emergencies such as sepsis in low- to middle-income settings.