bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamics in Polypeptides by Solid State 2H NMR
Authors: Hiraoki Toshifumi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
α,α‐Cyclopentaneglycine Dipeptides Capped with Biaryls as Tachykinin NK2 Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Porcelloni Marina , D'Andrea Piero , Rossi Cristina , Sisto Alessandro , Ettorre Alessandro , Madami Andrea , Altamura Maria , Giuliani Sandro , Meini Stefania , Fattori Daniela 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe NK2 receptor belongs to the family of tachykinin neurotransmitters. It has been reported to be involved in several pathological conditions, and selective antagonists are potentially useful drugs for the treatment of asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, cystitis, and depression. Starting from in‐house capped dipeptide libraries, we were able to identify a number of molecules with sub‐nanomolar binding affinity for the hNK2 receptor. All were characterized by a rigid core structure with a strong constraint induced by an α,α‐cyclopentaneglycine fragment. Herein we report the further elaboration of three initial basic structures. The planar benzothiophene group was substituted with a series of biphenyl and heterobiphenyl moieties that are well tolerated in terms of receptor affinity. The new compounds also maintained good antagonist potency in an in vitro functional assay, and a number of them showed significant in vivo activity after intravenous administration in our guinea pig model.
The perception of static colored noise: Detection and masking described by CIE94
Authors: Lucassen Marcel P. , Bijl Piet , Roelofsen Jolanda 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe present psychophysical data on the perception of static colored noise. In our experiments, we use the CIE94 color difference formula to quantify the noise strength and for describing our threshold data. In Experiment 1 we measure the visual detection thresholds for fixed pattern noise on a uniform background color. The noise was present in one of three perceptual color dimensions lightness (L*), chroma (C*), or hue (h). Results show that the average detection threshold for noise in L* is independent of hue angle and significantly lower than that for noise in C* or h. Thresholds for noise in C* and h depend on hue angle in an opponent fashion. The measured detection thresholds, expressed in terms of the components ΔL*/kLSL, ΔC*/kCSC, and ΔH*/kHSH that build up the CIE94 color difference formula are used to tune CIE94 to our experimental conditions by adjusting the parametric scaling factors kL, kC, and kH. In Experiment 2, we measure thresholds for recognizing the orientation (left, right, up, down) of a test symbol that was incremental in L*, C*, or h, masked by supra‐threshold background noise levels in L*, C*, or h. On the basis of the CIE94 color difference formula we hypothesized (a) a constant ratio between recognition threshold and noise level when the test symbol and background noise are in the same perceptual dimension, and (b) a constant recognition threshold when in different dimensions. The first hypothesis was confirmed for each color dimension, the second however, was only confirmed for background noise in L*. The L*, C*, h recognition thresholds increase with increasing background noise in C* or h. On the basis of some 16,200 visual observations we conclude that the three perceptual dimensions L*, C*, and h require different scaling factors (hue dependent for C* and h) in the CIE94 color difference formula, to predict detection threshold data for color noise. In addition these dimensions are not independent for symbol recognition in color noise. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 178–191, 2008
Danger—early maladaptive schemas at work!: the role of early maladaptive schemas in career choice and the development of occupational stress in health workers
Authors: Bamber Martin , McMahon Rachel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe schema‐focused model of occupational stress and work dysfunctions (Bamber & Price, 2006; Bamber, 2006) hypothesizes that individuals with EMS (unconsciously) gravitate toward occupations with similar dynamics and structures to the toxic early environments and relationships that created them. They subsequently re‐enact these EMS and their associated maladaptive coping styles in the workplace. For most individuals, this results in ‘schema healing’, but for some individuals with more rigid and severe EMS, schema healing is not achieved and the structures and relationships of the workplace, together with the utilization of maladaptive coping styles, serve to perpetuate their EMS. The model hypothesizes that it is these individuals who are most vulnerable to developing occupational stress syndromesTo date, this model has been subjected to very little empirical investigation, so the main aim of this study was to address this gap in the literature by testing out some of its main assumptions and to provide empirical data, which would either support or reject the model using a population of health workers. Specifically, it was hypothesized that ‘occupation‐specific’ EMS would be found in health workers from a range of different healthcare professions. It was also hypothesized that the presence of higher levels of EMS would be predictive of raised levels of occupational stress, psychiatric caseness and increased sickness absence in those individuals.A cross‐sectional study design was employed and a total of 249 staff working within a NHS Trust, belonging to one of five occupational groups (medical doctors, nurses, clinical psychologists, IT staff and managers), participated in the study. All participants completed the Young Schema Questionnaire‐Short Form (Young, 1998); the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Human Services Form (Maslach & Jackson, 1981), and the General Health Questionnaire‐28‐item version (Goldberg, 1978). A demographic questionnaire and sickness absence data was also collected. The results of a between groups analysis of variance and further post hoc statistical analyses identified a number of occupation specific EMS. Also, the results of a series of multiple linear regression analyses indicated the presence of some EMS to be predictive of higher levels of burnout, psychiatric caseness and sickness absence in health workers. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide empirical support for the schema‐focused model of occupational stress and work dysfunctions (Bamber & Price, 2006; Bamber, 2006), and it appears that the existence of underlying EMS may constitute a predisposing vulnerability factor to developing occupational stress. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monocyte‐dependent oncostatin M and TNF‐α synergize to stimulate unopposed matrix metalloproteinase‐1/3 secretion from human lung fibroblasts in tuberculosis
Authors: O'Kane Cecilia M. , Elkington Paul T. , Friedland Jon S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLeukocyte‐derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are implicated in the tissue destruction characteristic of tuberculosis (TB). The contribution of lung stromal cells to MMP activity in TB is unknown. Oncostatin M (OSM) is an important stimulus to extrapulmonary stromal MMP induction, but its role in regulation of pulmonary MMP secretion or pathophysiology of TB is unknown. We investigated OSM secretion from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)‐infected human monocytes/macrophages and the networking effects of such OSM on lung fibroblast MMP secretion. Mtb increased monocyte OSM secretion dose dependently in vitro. In vivo tuberculous granulomas immunostained positively for OSM. Further, conditioned media from Mtb‐infected monocytes (CoMTb) induced monocyte OSM secretion (670 ± 55 versus 166 ± 14 pg/mL in controls), implicating an autocrine loop. Mtb‐induced OSM secretion was prostaglandin (PG) sensitive, and required activation of surface G‐protein coupled receptors. OSM induction was ERK MAP kinase dependent, p38‐requiring but JNK‐independent. OSM synergized with TNF‐α, a key cytokine in TB granuloma formation, to stimulate pulmonary fibroblast MMP‐1/‐3 secretion, while suppressing secretion of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases‐1/‐2. In summary, Mtb infection of monocytes results in PG‐dependent OSM secretion, which synergizes with TNF‐α to drive functionally unopposed fibroblast MMP‐1/‐3 secretion, demonstrating a previously unrecognized role for OSM in TB.
Mast cell‐mediated immune responses through IgE antibody and Toll‐like receptor 4 by malarial peroxiredoxin
Authors: Furuta Takahisa , Imajo‐Ohmi Shinobu , Fukuda Hiroyuki , Kano Shigeyuki , Miyake Kensuke , Watanabe Naohiro 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this study, 2‐Cys Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) peroxiredoxin (Prx) was identified as an antigenic protein recognized by an anti‐PbA IgE antibody using two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and proteomic analysis. Innate immune responses to PbAPrx were examined using cells from mice deficient in Toll‐like receptors (TLR) or related molecules, and it was demonstrated that responses were severely impaired in TLR4–/–, MyD88–/– and MD‐2–/– mice, but not in Toll/IL‐1 receptor domain‐containing adaptor inducing IFN‐γ (TRIF)–/–, TLR2–/– or radioprotective 105 (RP105)–/– mice. An association between PbAPrx and TLR4 was observed following immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, suggesting that PbAPrx was associated with TLR4/MD‐2. Interactions between Prx and TLR4/MD‐2 were also examined by flow cytometry using TLR4/MD‐2‐ or TLR2‐expressing cells. NFκB/GFP activity was observed in TLR4/MD‐2‐ but not in TLR2‐expressing cells following stimulation with Prx. However, this effect was not observed after treatment with proteinase K, suggesting that PbAPrx is a protein ligand for TLR4 and that the PbAPrx activity observed in this study is not due to contamination with LPS. These findings indicate that malarial Prx induces IgE‐mediated protection through FcϵRI on mast cells and innate immunity through TLR4 with MyD88 and MD‐2, suggesting a novel function for malarial Prx in innate and acquired immune responses in malaria.
Coupling of Allenes with μ‐Alkylidyne Ligands in Diiron Complexes: Synthesis of Novel Bridging Thio‐ and Aminobutadienylidene Complexes
Authors: Busetto Luigi , Marchetti Fabio , Salmi Mauro , Zacchini Stefano , Zanotti Valerio 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe diiron aminocarbyne complexes [Fe2{μ‐CN(Me)(R)}(μ‐CO)(CO)2(Cp)2][SO3CF3] (R = Xyl, 1a; R = 4‐C6H4OMe, 1b; R = Me, 1c; Xyl = 2,6‐Me2C6H3) react with allenes of the type CH2=C=CR′R″, in the presence of Me3NO/Et3N, to give the novel butadienylidene complexes [Fe2{μ‐η1:η3‐CαN(R)(Me)Cβ(H)CγCδ(R′)(R″)}(μ‐CO)(CO)(Cp)2] (R = Xyl, R′ = R″ = Me, 3a; R = Xyl, R′ = Me, R″ = H, 3b; R = Xyl, R′ = CO2Et, R″ = H, 3c; R = 4‐C6H4OMe, R′ = CO2Et, R″ = H, 3d; R = R′ = R″ = Me, 3e; R = Me, R′ = CO2Et, R″ = H, 3f) in high yields. Analogously, the diiron thiocarbyne complex [Fe2(μ‐CSMe)(μ‐CO)(CO)2(Cp)2][SO3CF3] (2) reacts with CH2=C=CR′R″, in the presence of Me3NO/Et3N, to afford the compounds[Fe2{μ‐η1:η3‐CαS(Me)Cβ(H)CγCδ(R′)(R″)}(μ‐CO)(CO)(Cp)2](R′ = R″ = Me, 4a; R′ = CO2Et, R″ = H, 4b; R′ = SiMe3, R″ = Me, 4c). Complexes 3–4 exist in solution as mixtures of cis and trans isomers. Compounds 3a and 3e, upon treatment with HSO3CF3, are transformed into the corresponding vinyliminium complexes [Fe2{μ‐η1:η3‐Cγ(CδHMe2)CβHCαN(R)(Me)}(μ‐CO)(CO)(Cp)2][SO3CF3] (R = Xyl, 5a; R = Me, 5b), in nearly quantitative yields. Conversely, compounds 4a,b undergo methylation (by CH3SO3CF3) at the sulfur to give the cationic complexes [Fe2{μ‐η1:η3‐Cα(SMe2)Cβ(H)CγCδ(R′)(R″)}(μ‐CO)(CO)(Cp)2][SO3CF3] (R′ = R″ = Me, 7a; R′ = CO2Et, R″ = H, 7b). Protonation of 3a is not reversible: treating 5a with sodium hydride results in the formation of the 1‐metalla‐2‐amino‐cyclopenta‐1,3‐dien‐5‐one species [Fe(Cp)(CO){CN(Me)(Xyl)CHC(CHMe2)C(O)}] (6). The molecular structures of cis‐3a, cis‐4b, 5a[CF3SO3]·CH2Cl2 and 7a[CF3SO3]·0.5CH2Cl2 have been determined by X‐ray diffraction studies. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Three‐Component Indium‐Mediated Domino Allylation of 1H‐Indole‐3‐carbaldehyde with Electron‐Rich (Hetero)arenes: Highly Efficient Access to Variously Functionalized Indolylbutenes
Authors: Colombo Francesca , Cravotto Giancarlo , Palmisano Giovanni , Penoni Andrea , Sisti Massimo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe have developed a three‐component, one‐pot domino reaction that combines the allylindation of 1H‐indole‐3‐carbaldehyde with the dehydrative alkylation of stabilized Cnucleophiles (e.g., electron‐rich heteroarenes, electron‐rich aromatics, and stabilized enols) or N nucleophiles (e.g., azoles). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Evaluating the performance of a portable water–mist fire extinguishing system with additives
Authors: Chang Wen‐Yao , Fu Ping‐Kun , Chen Chiun‐Hsun , Shu Yi‐Liang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study investigates how high‐pressure water–mist system discharge methodologies influence the fire extinction performance for pan pool fires and the corresponding mechanisms of restraining fire. The fire source is a pool‐fire burner. Fine water spray is injected using a portable device. The additive in the water–mist is neither toxic nor corrosive. All the tests are regarded as fuel controlled. The fire test parameters are fuel type, nozzle discharge angle, and additive solution volume. The fuels used are heptane, gasoline, and diesel. Nozzle discharge angles are 30, 45, and 60° with respect to the ground. Additive solution volumes are 0% (pure water), 3, 6, and 10%. Test results indicate that the nozzle discharge angle and additive solution volume in a water–mist fire extinction system play a significant role. Fire extinguishing efficiency is influenced by mist effects and the additive. Furthermore, the water–mist system can reduce radiation and can provide good protection for operators using portable fire extinguishing equipment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The chemical composition of essential oils and lipophilic extracts of Silphium integrifolium Michx. and S. trifoliatum L. leaves
Authors: Kowalski Radosław 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe research presented in this paper revealed that secretory ducts in leaf stalks and main nerves of leaf blades of S. integrifolium and S. trifoliatum were of schizogenic origin and were present in varied number around vascular bundles. GC–FID and GC–MS analyses of essential oils and lipophilic extracts made from leaves collected from tested Silphium species in 1999–2001 and 2007 indicated that sesquiterpene compounds were the main constituents: germacrene D, β‐caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and silphiperfol‐6‐en‐5‐one. Only the oil and extracts from S. integrifolium contained significant amounts of allo‐aromadendr‐9‐ene (8.5 ± 4.2% in oil achieved in 1999–2001, as well as 3.7 ± 0.1% and 5.7 ± 0.3 µg/ml, respectively in essential oil and extract (1:10) from 2007). Besides volatile compounds, sterols such as γ‐sitosterol and stigmasterol as well as triterpene alcohols (β‐amyrine and α‐amyrine), higher alkanes, free fatty acids and their derivatives along with vitamin E were present in tested lipophilic extracts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition of the essential oil of Petagnaea gussonei (Sprengel) Rauschert, a relict species from Sicily (Southern Italy)
Authors: De Castro Olga , Senatore Felice , Rigano Daniela , Formisano Carmen , Cennamo Paola , Gianguzzi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe essential oil from leaves, stems and roots of Petagnaea gussonei (Sprengel) Rauschert ( = Petagnia saniculifolia Guss.), endemic to the Nebrodi Mountains (Sicily, Italy), has been analysed by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) system on two fused‐silica capillary columns of different polarities. A total of 94 components were identified. Quantitative and qualitative differences were found among the analysed parts. The principal compounds from the leaves oil were found to be (w/w%) germacrene D (19.9%), γ‐muurolene (7.96%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.85%), while in the oil from stems hexadecanoic acid (23.40%), germacrene D (18.50%) and (Z,Z)‐9,12‐octadecadienoic acid (13.20%) were the main constituents. The oil from the roots presented instead hexadecanoic acid (21.50%), 4‐vinylguaiacol (6.81%) and germacrene D (5.22%) as the major constituents. A comparison with essential oils from taxonomically‐related species of P. gussonei is reported. This is the first report on the chemical composition of this species. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aroma extract dilution analysis of a beef flavouring prepared from flavour precursors and enzymatically hydrolysed beef
Authors: Song Huanlu , Xia Lingjun 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVolatile components of a beef flavouring prepared from a thermal reaction model system of enzymatically hydrolysed beef/amino acids/sugars were extracted by simultaneous distillation/extraction (SDE) and dynamic headspace sampling (DHS) methods, then subjected to aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and dynamic headspace dilution analysis (DHDA) methods; 32 and 48 odour‐active peaks were revealed from the SDE and DHS isolates, respectively. With the highest flavour dilution (FD) factors, 2‐methyl‐3‐furanthiol, 3‐methylthiopropanal and 2‐furanmethanethiol were identified as the key aroma compounds of the beef flavouring by both sample preparative methods, SDE and DHS. Moreover, methyl propyl disulphide, ethyl‐2‐methylbutyrate, allyl methyl disulphide, thiazole, 1‐butanol, 1‐nonen‐3‐one, 2‐ethenyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazine, (E, E)‐2,4‐heptadienal and 2‐undecenal were also identified as important aroma components of the beef flavouring. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rye bread reduces plasma cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolaemic pigs when compared to wheat at similar dietary fibre level
Authors: Lærke Helle Nygaard , Pedersen Camilla , Mortensen Marianne Asp , Theil Peter Kappel , Larsen Torben , Knudsen Knud Erik Bach 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Rye is a whole‐grain cereal with the potential of contributing to a healthy diet, but research on rye in relation to chronic diseases is scarce compared to wheat and oats. In this study, a total of 17 hypercholesterolaemic pigs were fed high‐fat high‐cholesterol rye (n = 9) or wheat‐based buns (n = 8) with similar dietary fibre (DF) content for 9–10 weeks to study the effect on cardiovascular risk factors.RESULTS: Ingestion of rye bread resulted in a 40% lower plasma total and LDL cholesterol compared to the wheat group, whereas HDL cholesterol, insulin and glucose concentrations were not affected by dietary treatments. Intestinal viscosity was 7.2 times higher, and organic matter and fat digestibility significantly reduced in the pigs fed rye buns. The hepatic expression of the cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) was lower in rye‐fed pigs, whereas four other key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were not affected. Plasma cholesterol correlated inversely with intestinal viscosity and organic matter digestibility.CONCLUSION: The ability of DF from rye to interfere with digestion and absorption is more important for whole‐body cholesterol homeostasis than regulation in the liver at gene level. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Designing supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of rice bran oil that contain oryzanols using response surface methodology
Authors: Wang Chih‐Hung , Chen Chao‐Rui , Wu Jia‐Jiuan , Wang Ling‐Ya , Chang Chieh‐Ming J. , Ho Wai‐Jane 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study examines the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extraction of oryzanols contained rice bran oil from powdered rice bran. The extraction efficiencies and concentration factors of oryzanols, free fatty acids and triglycerides in the SC‐CO2 extracts were determined. With top‐flow type SC‐CO2 extraction the total oil yield was 18.1% and the extraction efficiencies of oryzanols and triglycerides were 88.5 and 91.3% respectively, when 2750 g CO2 was consumed during the extraction of 35 g rice bran powder. The concentration factors of oryzanols and triglycerides in SC‐CO2‐extracted oil were higher than in the Soxhlet n‐hexane extracted oil. SC‐CO2 extractions indicated that pressure can be used more effectively than temperature to enhance the extraction efficiency and concentration factor of oryzanols. A two‐factor central composite scheme of response surface methodology was employed to determine the optimal pressure (300 bar) and temperature (313 K) for increasing the concentration of oryzanols in the SC‐CO2 extracted oil.
Quantification of doxazosin in human plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ji Hye Young , Park Eun Jeong , Lee Kang Choon , Lee Hye Suk 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHydrophilic interaction LC with MS/MS (HILIC‐MS/MS) was described as a rapid, sensitive, and selective method for the quantification of doxazosin in human plasma. Doxazosin and cisapride (internal standard) were extracted from human plasma with ethyl acetate at alkaline pH and analyzed on an Atlantis HILIC Silica column with the mobile phase of ACN/ammonium formate (100 mM, pH 4.5) (93:7 v/v). The analytes were detected using an ESI MS/MS in the selective‐reaction‐monitoring mode. The standard curve was linear (r = 0.9994) over the concentration range of 0.2–50 ng/mL. The LOQ for doxazosin was 0.2 ng/mL using 100 μL plasma sample. The CV and relative error for intra‐ and interassay at four QC levels were 3.7–8.7% and 0.0–9.8%, respectively. The matrix effect for doxazosin and cisapride were practically absent. The recoveries of doxazosin and cisapride were 67.4 and 61.7%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of doxazosin in humans.
Development of Electroactive and Elastic Nanofibers that contain Polyaniline and Poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) for the Control of Cell Adhesion
Authors: Jeong Sung In , Jun In Dong , Choi Moon Jae , Nho Young Chang , Lee Young Moo , Shin Heungsoo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this work, electrically conductive polyaniline (PAni) doped with camphorsulfonic acid (CPSA) is blended with poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL), and then electrospun to prepare uniform nanofibers. The CPSA‐PAni/PLCL nanofibers show a smooth fiber structure without coarse lumps or beads and consistent fiber diameters (which range from 100 to 700 nm) even with an increase in the amount of CPSA‐PAni (from 0 to 30 wt.‐%). However, the elongation at break decreases from 391.54 ± 9.20% to 207.85 ± 6.74% when 30% of CPSA‐PAni is incorporated. Analysis of the surface of the nanofibers demonstrates the presence of homogeneously blended CPSA‐PAni. Most importantly, a four‐point probe analysis reveals that electrical properties are maintained in the nanofibers where the conductivity is significantly increased from 0.0015 to 0.0138 S · cm−1 when the nanofibers are prepared with 30% CPSA‐PAni. The cell adhesion tests using human dermal fibroblasts, NIH‐3T3 fibroblasts, and C2C12 myoblasts demonstrate significantly higher adhesion on the CPSA‐PAni/PLCL nanofibers than pure PLCL nanofibers. In addition, the growth of NIH‐3T3 fibroblasts is enhanced under the stimulation of various direct current flows. The CPSA‐PAni/PLCL nanofibers with electrically conductive properties may potentially be used as a platform substrate to study the effect of electrical signals on cell activities and to direct desirable cell function for tissue engineering applications.magnified image