bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INCREASED PRODUCTION OF ARACHIDONATE METABOLITES BY PERITONEAL CELLS OF MICE INFECTED WITH PLASMODIUM VINCKEI VINCKEI
Authors: Clark IA , Hunt NH 
Published: August 2007

SummaryPeritoneal cells from mice infected with Plasmodium vinckei vinckei generate about four times more prostaglandin F and 6‐keto prostaglandin F1α, five times the prostaglandin E and ten times the thromboxane B2 than do peritoneal cells from normal mice. These results were not due to differences in the ratios of cell subpopulations from each group. As well as providing additional evidence that macrophage activation occtirs in malaria, the increased production of these prostanoids could help explain some of the manifestations of this disease.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF MAST CELLS IN THE ALVEOLAR WALL OF NORMAL AND ASTHMATIC LUNG
Authors: Warton A , Papadimitriou JM , Goldie RG , Paterson JW 
Published: August 2007

SummarySpecimens of normal and asthmatic lungs were studied at the electron microscopic level and the frequency and ultrastructural features of mast cells and their granules within the alveolar wall were assessed with morphometric techniques. The numerical density of mast cells per square millimetre of alveolar wall was 299 (SD = 258) in normal and 366 (SD = 260) in asthmatic lung. The mean area of the mast cell nucleated profile was 25·7 μm2 (SD = 6·3) in normal lung and 29·8 (SD = 6·2) in asthmatic. The average number of secretory granules per single mast cell nucleated profile was 55 (SD = 13) in normal lung and 60 (SD = 12) in asthmatic lung. The diameter of the individual secretory granule was 338·9 nm (SD = 42·6) in normal and 345·6 (SD = 47·7) in asthmatic lung. The volume density of secretory granules in normal and asthmatic lung was 6·31 μm3 and 5·81 μm3respectively. The mean diameter of the individual subunit (“scroll”) inside the secretory granule was 88·8 nm for both normal and asthmatic lung. In normal lung 64·2% of granules were of‘scroll’ and ‘combined’ type, and 35·8% of granules were “particulate” or ‘empty’. In specimens from asthmatic patients 40·3% of granules had ‘scroll’ or ‘combined’ structures and 59·7% were ‘particulate’ or ‘empty’.Our data suggest that there is no difference between the number of mast cells in normal and asthmatic lung. However, in pulmonary mast cells from asthmatic lung, degranulation is more common than in normal lung.
GROWTH FACTOR‐INDUCED PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES OF HUMAN AND DMH‐INDUCED RAT COLORECTAL TUMOUR CELL LINES
Authors: Maley MAL , Agrez MV , House AK 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe proliferative response of three human and three 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH)‐induced rat colon tumour cell lines to mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) and human urogastrone was examined in two in vitro assays (3H‐thymidine uptake in liquid microculture and clonogenicity in semi‐solid medium). In the 3H‐thymidine uptake assay, one of three rat and one of three human colon tumour cell lines, i.e., r237 and LIM1215, were stimulated by mEGF. In the clonogenic assay, mEGF stimulated the one clonogenic rat tumour cell line r113, which did not respond in the 3H‐thymidine uptake assay, and the human tumour cell line LIM1215. Urogastrone stimulated LIM1215 in both assay systems. The significance of these in vitro patterns of response to growth stimulatory factors is discussed.
STIMULATION OF NEUTROPHIL RESPIRATORY BURST AND IODINATION REACTION BY OPSONIZED MICROFILARIAE OF DIROFILARIA IMMITIS
Authors: Rzepczyk Christine M , Bishop CJ , Cheung K , Atwell R , Ferrante A 
Published: August 2007

SummaryIt has been shown that the interaction of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (Mf) opsonized with sera from infected but amicrofilaraemic dogs (occult dogs) stimulated the respiratory burst and degranulation of neutrophils as measured by chemiluminescence and iodination. Sera from normal and microfilaraemic dogs gave either low level or non‐significant reactions. Since the sera required were also those required for neutrophil–mediated cytotoxicity to D. immitis Mf in vitro, the results suggested that the products of oxygen reduction as well as the myeloperoxidase system could be involved in the killing of Mf by neutrophils. However, whether these pathways have a major role to play in neutrophil–mediated cytotoxicity to Mf is uncertain, as various chemical and enzymatic inhibitors of the products of the respiratory burst were unable to prevent or reduce cytotoxicity. Azide, which is a known inhibitor of the iodination reaction, also failed to reduce cytotoxicity.
NATURAL DUCK HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Freiman JS , Cossart YE 
Published: August 2007

SummaryNatural Duck Hepatitis B Virus (DHBV) infection has been studied in Australian ducks. Sera from 430 Pekin Aylesbury cross‐bred ducks taken from three separate flocks were examined for duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) DNA using a DNA dot hybridisation assay. In one flock there was significant infection with DHBV (98/140), but none was detectable in the other two flocks. Episomal DHBV DNA in liver tissue was demonstrated by gel blot hybridisation only in birds with DHBV DNA in serum. Polymerase‐labelled DHBV DNA migrated as expected for linear double‐stranded DNA 3·1 kilobase (kb) in length. Virus particles with characteristic DHBV morphology were observed in DHBV DNA‐positive serum on electron microscopy. No overt morbidity has been noted in naturally infected ducks, but moderately severe hepatitis was found in 3/40 ducks examined histologically. These 3 ducks had DHBV DNA in serum and liver tissue. Mild hepatitis was observed in 27 ducks, but, in these, there was no correlation between the hepatitis and the presence of DHBV in serum or in liver tissue. This is the first report of DHBV in Australia. An animal model may now be established to study aspects of Hepadna virus infection which are pertinent to Hepatitis B virus (HBV) disease in man.
COMPARISON OF PROTEINS SPECIFIED BY MURRAY VALLEY ENCEPHALITIS, WEST NILE, JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES
Authors: Wright Peter J , Warr Heather M 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe relationships among proteins specified by Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE), West Nile (WN), Japanese encephalitis (JE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses were examined by peptide mapping. [3H]methionine‐labelled tryptic peptides of viral proteins were separated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the separation profiles for a given protein specified by the different viruses were compared. Analyses of the non‐structural protein NV5 (P98 or NS5) suggested that WN and SLE were the most closely related pair of viruses, and that JE was the virus most distant from the other three. Analyses of the structural proteins C and E failed to show the close relationship between WN and SLE indicated by the NV5 results, but did suggest that NV5 was the most conserved and E the least conserved of the three proteins.
LONG TERM EFFECTS OF VASECTOMY ON EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN RHESUS MONKEYS
Authors: Bansal Neelam , Majumdar S , Ganguly NK , Chakravarti* RN 
Published: August 2007

SummaryFive groups of male rhesus monkeys, Gp. I–sham‐vasectomized stock diet‐fed (SVS), Gp. II–vasectomized stock diet‐fed (VS), Gp. III–sham‐vasectomized atherogenic diet‐fed (SVA), Gp. IV–vasectomized atherogenic diet‐fed (VA) and Gp. V–atherogenic diet‐fed vasectomized monkeys (AV) were observed for a period of 1½ years. Vasectomy per se had no effect on the level of serum or tissue lipids either alone or in combination with atherogenic diet feeding. Following vasectomy the involvement of aorta by fatty lesions was significantly increased and this occurred in animals of all four experimental groups when compared with the control animals. The maximum increase was noted in group IV. Again, there was a significant increase in the frequency of aortic plaques in groups II, III and IV while it was increased in coronary arteries of all the experimental animals (Gps. II, III, IV and V). Group IV monkeys showed higher frequency of plaques as compared to group V animals. Although the plaque height was increased in all the vessels of the experimental animals, significant differences were observed only in the coronary arteries of group II monkeys and in intra‐cranial cerebral vessels of group III animals. This study shows that vasectomy per se tends to increase atherosclerosis in rhesus monkeys.
PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE FROM PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI AND ERYTHROCYTES OF THE RHESUS MONKEY
Authors: Saxena Nalini , Pandey VC , Dutta GP , Ghatak S 
Published: August 2007

SummaryLactate dehydrogenase, E.C.1.1.1.27 (LDH) from the simian malarial parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi, and from normal rhesus monkey erythrocytes has been purified using Blue Sepharose affinity chromatography, and the properties of the purified enzyme from these two sources have been compared.The enzyme from the host and parasite were different in their kinetic properties, viz., substrate and pH optima, thermostability and isoenzymic behaviour. Partially purified LDH of the erythrocytes resolved into three isomeric bands on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas the parasite LDH moved as a single enzyme band of different mobility from the host LDH. The molecular mass of the parasite enzyme was estimated as 117,500 daltons.
GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF MURRAY VALLEY ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN AUSTRALIA AND PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Authors: Lobigs M , Marshall ID , Weir RC , Dalgarno L 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe genetic relatedness of ten Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVE) isolates from Australia has been examined by comparing Haelll and Taql restriction digest profiles of cDNA to virion RNA. The isolates were from the Murray Valley region of south‐eastern Australia and from the Ord River region of Western Australia and spanned a period of 23 years (1951‐1974). The isolates generated closely similar restriction digest profiles. The extent of similarity suggested that the level of nucleotide sequence divergence between any pair of Australian MVE isolates is probably around 1%. The genetic homogeneity of the MVE isolates contrasts with results obtained for Ross River virus, an alphavirus, using an identical methodological approach; we propose that this difference results from the important role of birds in the life cycle of MVE.Four MVE isolates from three fatal human cases showed small genetic differences on from the other. These isolates did not have a common restriction digest profile which distinguished them from strains obtained from other sources (e.g., from mosquitoes or a heron) The data do not support the view that clinical cases of MVE infection in humans are to a particular strain of virus although this has not been rigorously excluded.The two available MVE isolates from Papua New Guinea (PNG) were from the Sepik and Port Moresby regions. They generated Haelll and Taql restriction digest profiles which were different both from each other and from those of the Australian type. Genetic divergence between the two PNG isolates was estimated to be ≈ 6%; divergence between either of PNG isolates and the Australian type was >6%. Our data suggest that the evolution of MVE i n Australia and PNG has proceeded independently and that circulating Australian MVE strains are not systematically re‐seeded from regions of endemicity in PNG.Studies on the relatedness of MVE and two close antigenic relatives, Japanese encephalitis virus (JE) and Alfuy virus (ALF), showed that the genetic relatedness between any isolate and JE or ALF is less than that between the most divergent of the MVE isolates, including those from Papua New Guinea.Some epidemiologieal implications of the results are discussed.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN MURINE MALARIA: ROLE OF ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES
Authors: Mahajan RC , Ganguly NK , Thadani M , Prasad RN 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe role of macrophages in immunosuppression which develops during Plasmodium berghei infection in mice has been studied. The transfer of activated macrophages (or their extracts) from the infected mice with low parasitaemia (< 10%) to uninfected mice enhanced their humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as indicated by the number of splenic IgM and IgG plaque–forming cells (PFC). In contrast, when macrophages obtained during higher parasitaemia (16%) were used, significant inhibition was observed. These findings indicate that during Plasmodium berghei infection in mice macrophages may play a dual role.
A ROLE OF PULMONARY RAPIDLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS IN CONTROL OF BREATHING
Authors: Davies A , Roumy M 
Published: August 2007

SummaryWe analysed the breathing patter n of anaesthetised rabbits during unloaded breathing when breathing was accelerated by inspired CO2 and when they breathed against positive or negative pressures before and during block of pulmonary stretch receptors by SO2, and after bilateral vagotomy. Before block moderate steps of inflation or deflation (0·5 kPa) produced relatively larger changes in duration of expiration than in duration of inspiration, indicating the relative sensitivities of the two phases. With stretch receptors, blocked inflation or deflation shortened expiration, demonstrating the influence of rapidly adapting receptors on that phase of breathing. If pulmonary stretch receptors were the major determinants of the duration of inspiration, we would have expected inspiratory duration in the stretch receptor blocked and vagotomised states to be almost identical. They were not, inspiratory duration being less in the blocked than in the vagotomised state. Possibly vagal afferent activity other than that of stretch receptors shortens inspiratory duration. However, we have found that rapidly adapting receptor activity (and any unmyelinated fibre activity provoked by rapid inflation or deflation of the lungs) never directly shortened inspiration. We therefore propose a mechanism whereby rapidly adapting receptors may indirectly affect duration of inspiration.
Principal stratification with predictors of compliance for randomized trials with 2 active treatments
Authors: Roy Jason , Hogan Joseph W. , Marcus Bess H. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
In behavioral medicine trials, such as smoking cessation trials, 2 or more active treatments are often compared. Noncompliance by some subjects with their assigned treatment poses a challenge to the data analyst. The principal stratification framework permits inference about causal effects among subpopulations characterized by potential compliance. However, in the absence of prior information, there are 2 significant limitations: (1) the causal effects cannot be point identified for some strata and (2) individuals in the subpopulations (strata) cannot be identified. We propose to use additional information—compliance-predictive covariates—to help identify the causal effects and to help describe characteristics of the subpopulations. The probability of membership in each principal stratum is modeled as a function of these covariates. The model is constructed using marginal compliance models (which are identified) and a sensitivity parameter that captures the association between the 2 marginal distributions. We illustrate our methods in both a simulation study and an analysis of data from a smoking cessation trial.
R156C mutation of keratin 10 causes mild form of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis
Authors: HARUNA Kunitaka , SUGA Yasushi , MIZUNO Yuki , HASEGAWA Toshio , KOUROU Kazuhiro , MATSUBA Shouichi , MURAMATSU Shigenori , IKEDA Shigaku 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTA 37‐year‐old Japanese male presented to us with persistent asteatotic skin with mild erythema on the trunk and extremities. Skin biopsy from the left knee showed marked epidermal acanthosis and hyperkeratosis, and milder granular degeneration. Ultrastructural analysis revealed clumping of the keratin filaments within suprabasal keratinocytes of the epidermis. Following direct sequencing, we found a single nucleotide substitution in one allele at the residue position 466 of the 1A rod domain segment (CGC to TGC, arginine to cysteine; R156C) in keratin 10. Clinical manifestations and molecular analysis indicated that R156C mutation in keratin 10 gene (KRT10) causes a mild form of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EHK) in the presented case.
Low‐grade myxofibrosarcoma invaded into the underlying skeletal muscle
Authors: MOTODA Natsuki , AKIYAMA Masashi , AOYAGI Satoru , SAWAMURA Daisuke , SHIMIZU Hiroshi 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTMyxofibrosarcoma is a rare, soft‐tissue sarcoma which is classified into three main subtypes according to cellularity and cell atypia: low, intermediate and high grade. A 44‐year‐old Japanese female presented with a low‐grade myxofibrosarcoma on the left forearm. The lesion was completely resected. Histopathologically, the tumor was remarkably hypocellular and exhibited only mild atypia. However, it rapidly invaded into the underlying brachioradial muscle. The present case clearly indicated that a low‐grade myxofibrosarcoma can invade into the deeper tissues including muscle even though its histological grade is very low.
Adverse skin reactions due to pegylated interferon alpha 2b plus ribavirin combination therapy in a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus
Authors: HASHIMOTO Yuki , KANTO Hiromi , ITOH Masatoshi 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTPegylated interferon (IFN)‐α‐2b with ribavirin has recently replaced “standard” IFN‐α for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. The most common side‐effect of pegylated IFN‐α‐2b plus ribavirin combination therapy is localized inflammatory skin lesions at the site of injection. A 66‐year‐old female treated with once‐weekly pegylated IFN‐α‐2b plus ribavirin for active chronic hepatitis C developed inflammatory skin lesions 2 months after starting antiviral treatment. The type of skin reactions observed were vesicle erythematous eruptions at the injection sites, and pruritic papular erythematous eruptions located on the face, neck, distal limbs, dorsa of the hands, trunk and buttocks away from the injection sites. Histological examination was performed on the pruritic papular erythematous eruption located on the left forearm, away from the injection sites. It showed epidermal spongiosis, a spongiotic microvesicle, and perivascular infiltration of the upper dermis with lymphocytes. The treatment was interrupted subsequently and the patient was rechallenged with pegylated IFN‐α‐2b plus ribavirin combination therapy, oral prednisolone with olopatadine hydrochloride and topical 0.1% diflucortolone valerate, which led to a significant improvement of skin lesions. Erythema with infiltration can occur at the injection sites of pegylated IFN‐α‐2b. However, the occurrence of vesicle erythematous eruptions away from the injection sites and autosensitization dermatitis apart from injection sites have not yet been frequently reported.
Case of acne conglobata successfully treated by CO2 laser combined with topical tretinoin therapy
Authors: HASEGAWA Toshio , MATSUKURA Tomoyuki , SUGA Yasushi , MURAMATSU Shigenori , MIZUNO Yuki , TSUCHIHASHI Hitoshi , HARUNA Kunitaka , OGAWA Hideoki , IKEDA Shigaku 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTAcne conglobata is an uncommon disorder characterized by the presence of nodulocystic lesions. Conservative therapy with oral and topical antibiotics is of limited efficacy in many cases, and surgical excision is often needed for removal of the cystic lesions. Treatment is particularly difficult in cases with lesions located in aesthetically sensitive areas, such as the face. We successfully treated a case of acne conglobata by CO2 laser ablation to remove the top of the sinuses and their tracts. In addition, topical tretinoin therapy was also initiated simultaneously to prevent the appearance of new acne lesions. Based on the results, we propose that the use of CO2 laser for opening the cysts, combined with topical tretinoin therapy to prevent the appearance of new lesions, is a powerful treatment option for acne conglobata.
Alternative pharmacokinetics of S‐1 components, 5‐fluorouracil, dihydrofluorouracil and α‐fluoro‐β‐alanine after oral administration of S‐1 following total gastrectomy
Authors: Kim Woo Young , Nakata Bunzo , Hirakawa Kosei 
Published: August 2007

We studied whether total gastrectomy for gastric cancer would affect the pharmacokinetics of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and its degradation products, such as dihydrouracil (FUH2) and α‐fluoro‐β‐alanine (FBAL), after oral administration of the fluorouracil derivative S‐1, composed of tegafur, 5‐chloro‐2,4‐dihydroxypyridine (CDHP; a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibitor) and potassium oxonate. Blood and urine samples were obtained, both preoperatively and at least 2 weeks postoperatively, from six patients with advanced gastric cancers who were undergoing total gastrectomy. Plasma levels of tegafur, 5‐FU, CDHP, potassium oxonate, FUH2and FBAL were measured prior to and at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 h after oral administration of 40 mg/m2S‐1. The total amounts of 5‐FU, FUH2and FBAL excreted into urine during the 24‐h period after S‐1 administration were also measured. Total gastrectomy significantly increased the maximum concentration and the area under the curve until 10 h after administration (AUC1–10h) of plasma 5‐FU. The plasma AUC1–10hof CDHP was significantly higher than the preoperative value. In terms of clinical efficacy, the higher AUC1–10hof 5‐FU after total gastrectomy may be beneficial to S‐1 administered as adjuvant chemotherapy, and might be caused by the higher postoperative AUC1–10hof CDHP relative to preoperative values. However, the dose of S‐1 for patients who have undergone total gastrectomy might be diminished to avoid severe adverse events and to continue the treatment for a long period. (Cancer Sci2007; 98: 1604–1608)
Decreased c‐kit function inhibits enhanced skin carcinogenesis in c‐Ha‐ras protooncogene transgenic mice
Authors: Muto Satoru , Katsuki Motoya , Horie Shigeo 
Published: August 2007

We previously showed that rasH2 transgenic mice carrying the human c‐Ha‐ras protooncogene are highly susceptible to chemical skin carcinogenesis. In the dermis of rasH2 mice, mast cells are recruited constitutively, and the number of mast cells increases more than in wild‐type mice in response to treatment with 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate. To determine whether enhanced skin tumor development in rasH2 mice is dependent on the recruitment of mast cells, we generated rasH2 KITW/Wv mice by crossing rasH2 mice and W or Wv KIT mutants, and examined the chemical skin carcinogenesis. In rasH2 KITW/Wv mice, mast cells were not found in the dermis either before or after treatment with 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate. Papilloma multiplicity was up to 4.6‐fold higher in rasH2 KIT+/+ mice compared with their rasH2 KITW/Wv siblings. At 12 weeks after the experiment began, the volumes of tumors were significantly smaller in rasH2 KITW/Wv relative to rasH2 KIT+/+ mice (rasH2 KITW/Wv: 29.2 ± 19.9 mm3 versus rasH2 KIT+/+: 179.6 ± 726.6 mm3; P = 0.0153). There was no difference in the latency or multiplicity of papillomas between mice without the rasH2 transgene, KITW/Wv mice and their wild‐type littermates. Western blot analysis showed that expression of H‐RAS protein in the skin was equivalent in rasH2 KITW/Wv and rasH2 KIT+/+ mice. In conclusion, the inhibition of c‐kit decreased H‐ras‐induced skin carcinogenesis. The suppression of c‐kit may be a unique and effective target as a preclinical model of cancer treatment where the activation of H‐ras has a significant role. Targeting mast cells could also be a potential strategy for treating malignancies. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1549–1556)