bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REVISING THE PAST / REVISITING THE PRESENT: HOW CHANGE HAPPENS IN HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: SPIEGEL GABRIELLE M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the various forces that may help to explain the ongoing historio‐graphical phenomenon of revision. It takes as its point of departure Michel de Certeau's understanding of the writing of history as a process consisting of an unstable and constantly changing triangulated relationship among a place (a recruitment, a milieu, a profession), analytical procedures (a discipline), and the construction of a text (or discourse). For de Certeau, revision is the formal prerequisite for writing history because the very distance between past and present requires continuous innovation simply to produce the objects of historical knowledge, which have no existence apart from the historian's identification of them. The specific nature of revision at a given moment is determined by the specificities of the process as a whole, that is, by the characteristics of place, procedure, and text and their contemporary relational configuration.Taking the rise of “linguistic‐turn” historiography as exemplary of the process of historical revision in its broadest possible meaning, the article seeks to discover the possible “causes” for that turn. It begins with an analysis of the psychological roots of poststructuralism as a response to the holocaust and its aftermath, and then proceeds to explore the possible economic and social transformations in the postwar world that might account for its reception, both in Europe but also, more counterintuitively, in the United States, where postmodernism proved to have an especially strong appeal. Added to this mix are the new patterns of social recruitment into the historical profession in the “sixties.” the essay suggests that, to the extent that revision is understood as the result of the combined effect of psychological, social, and professional determinations, it is unlikely that there will ever be genuine consensus about the sources of revision in history, since all historians bring to their work differing congeries of psychological preoccupations, social positions, and professional commitments.
Effect of narghile and cigarette smoking on newborn birthweight
Authors: Tamim H , Yunis KA , Chemaitelly H , Alameh M , Nassar AH ,   National Collaborative Perinatal Neonatal Network Beirut, Lebanon
Published: December 2007

Objective  To assess the effect of narghile smoking on the weight of newborns.Design  Historical retrospective cohort.Setting  Six major hospitals in Greater Beirut, Lebanon.Population  Consecutive singleton newborns delivered from August 2000 to August 2003.Methods  Obstetric and nursery charts were reviewed to obtain information about maternal and neonatal variables. Information concerning initiation of smoking, dose of smoking, smoking habits during pregnancy, and socio‐demographic characteristics was collected through interviews with mothers.Main outcome measures  Low birthweight and newborn birthweight.Results  Exclusive narghile smokers constituted 4.4% (378/8592) of women. Multiparas were significantly more likely to smoke cigarettes and narghile. Mothers smoking narghile more than once per day were at 2.4 increased odds of having low birthweight infants compared with nonsmoking mothers (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2–5.0) after adjusting for confounding variables. No difference was noted between women smoking narghile in the first trimester and those initiating smoking in subsequent trimesters regarding low birthweight.Conclusions  Narghile smoking more than once per day increases the odds of low birthweight by a 2.4‐fold compared with nonsmokers, although to a lesser extent than cigarette smoking.
Manual versus electric vacuum aspiration for first‐trimester abortion: a systematic review
Authors: Wen J , Cai QY , Deng F , Li YP 
Published: December 2007

Background  As an alternative to electric vacuum aspirations (EVA), there is an increasing interest in using manual vacuum aspiration (MVA).Objective  To compare the safety, efficacy and acceptability of MVA with those of EVA for first‐trimester abortion.Search strategy  We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Chinese Biomedical Database in all language, together with reference lists of retrieved papers.Selection criteria  Randomised controlled trials comparing MVA with EVA for first‐trimester abortion were included. The outcomes are complete abortion rate, uterine perforation rate, blood loss, pain perception and acceptability.Data collection and analysis  Two reviewers independently extracted the data. Results from the trials were combined to calculate relative risks (RRs) or risk differences for dichotomous outcomes and weighted mean differences (WMDs) for continuous outcomes, together with 95% CIs.Main results  Ten trials were included, involving 1660 women. Generally, the methodological quality was poor. There were no statistically significant differences, comparing MVA with EVA, in complete abortion rate (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99–1.02) and participants’ satisfaction (RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.87–1.20). In participants with less than 50 days of gestational age, less blood loss (WMD −1.84; 95% CI −2.45 to −1.23) and less severe pain perception (RR 0.04; 95% CI 0.01–0.12) were reported during the MVA procedure, whereas the operation time was shorter (WMD 0.32; 95% CI 0.02–0.63) in the EVA procedure.Author’s conclusions  There is some evidence that MVA is as effective and acceptable as EVA and might be safer than EVA.
A Comparative Study of Quality Outcomes in Freestanding Ambulatory Surgery Centers and Hospital‐Based Outpatient Departments: 1997–2004
Authors: Chukmaitov Askar S. , Menachemi Nir , Brown L. Steven , Saunders Charles , Brooks Robert G. 
Published: December 2007

Research Objective. To compare quality outcomes from surgical procedures performed at freestanding ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) and hospital‐based outpatient departments (HOPDs).Data Sources. Patient‐level ambulatory surgery (1997–2004), hospital discharge (1997–2004), and vital statistics data (1997–2004) for the state of Florida were assembled and analyzed.Study Design. We used a pooled, cross‐sectional design. Logistic regressions with time fixed‐effects were estimated separately for the 12 most common ambulatory surgical procedures. Our quality outcomes were risk‐adjusted 7‐day and 30‐day mortality and 7‐day and 30‐day unexpected hospitalizations. Risk‐adjustment for patient demographic characteristics and severity of illness were calculated using the DCG/HCC methodology adjusting for primary diagnosis only and separately for all available diagnoses.Principal Findings. Although neither ASCs nor HOPDs performed better overall, we found some difference by procedure that varied based on the risk‐adjustment approach used.Conclusions. There appear to be important variations in quality outcomes for certain procedures, which may be related to differences in organizational structure, processes, and strategies between ASCs and HOPDs. The study also confirms the importance of risk‐adjustment for comorbidities when using administrative data, particularly for procedures that are sensitive to differences in severity.
Accommodative esotropia following surgical treatment of infantile esotropia: frequency and risk factors
Authors: Uretmen Onder , Civan Baturhan B. , Kose Suheyla , Yuce Berna , Egrilmez Sait 
Published: December 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  We aimed to examine the frequency of and risk factors for the development of accommodative esotropia following surgical treatment for infantile esotropia.Methods:  A total of 29 children were recruited. Potential risk factors for the development of accommodative esotropia included: sex; angle of deviation at initial and final visits; cycloplegic refractive error at initial and final visits; increase in hyperopia; amblyopia; amblyopia treatment; age at surgical treatment; pre‐ and postoperative latent nystagmus; dissociated vertical deviation or inferior oblique muscle overaction; additional surgical procedures; unstable alignment, and binocular sensory status.Results:  Overall, 14 (48.2%) of 29 children developed accommodative esotropia during the 36‐ to 132‐month postoperative follow‐up period. Twelve (85.7%) of the 14 patients developed refractive accommodative esotropia and two developed non‐refractive accommodative esotropia. The onset of accommodative esotropia occurred at a mean of 8.8 months (range 6–24 months) after the initial surgical alignment. This corresponded to a mean age of onset for accommodative esotropia of 43.2 months. We determined that, among children with infantile esotropia, those who had hyperopia of ≥ 3.0 D and increasing hyperopia after surgery and those who did not develop dissociated vertical deviation during the follow‐up period were more likely to develop accommodative esotropia.Conclusions:  Children who have the established risk factors should be followed closely for the development of accommodative esotropia. The treatment of these children with appropriate glasses may prevent the development of adverse effects of accommodative esotropia on sensory and motor functions.
Multivariate study of factors influencing primary dental implant stability
Authors: Mesa Francisco , Muñoz Ricardo , Noguerol Blas , Luna Juan de Dios , Galindo Pablo , O'Valle Francisco 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectives: The purpose was to determine by multivariate analysis in a large series of dental implants the variables associated with primary endosseous dental implant stability (DIS).Material and methods: A 10‐year retrospective study was conducted of 1084 Brånemark® implants placed in 316 patients. Clinical variables (age, gender, smoking habit, and periodontal status), implant diameter, implant length, and Periotest® values (PTVs) were analyzed in bivariate and multivariate studies in order to determine their influence on DIS, using a cut‐off PTV value of −2.Results: The site of implant insertion showed the strongest association with primary DIS failure among the study variables. Implants in the anterior mandible had a 6.43‐fold lower risk of primary DIS risk vs. those at other sites [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.28–12.61], and implants in the maxillary had a 2.70‐fold higher risk of primary DIS failure vs. those in the mandible (95% CI 1.82–4). Among other variables, females had a 1.54‐fold higher risk of primary DIS failure vs. males (95% CI 1.88–2.22) and implants <15 mm in length had a 1.49‐fold higher risk of failure vs. longer implants (95% CI 1.09–2.04).Conclusion: According to these findings, primary DIS failure is more likely in females, at sites other than the anterior mandible, and with dental implants shorter than 15 mm, at least when non‐threaded titanium implants are used. These data may be of value in the identification of patients at a high risk of primary DIS failure with immediate implant loading.
Benefits of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women
Authors: Canderelli Richard , Leccesse Lisa A. , Miller Nancy L. , Unruh Davidson Janice 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPurpose: To provide an overview of current research regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and to assist healthcare providers to better educate patients about potential benefits of this therapy.Data sources: A systematic review of healthcare literature was conducted with 602 articles selected from CINAHL, Medscape, Pubmed, and Medline databases. Keywords directing the search included hormone replacement therapy, benefits of hormone replacement therapy and trends, hormone replacement therapy and osteoporosis, hormone replacement, and menopause symptoms.Conclusions: According to the literature, HRT can assist women with postmenopausal symptoms. In addition, research shows that HRT can help some postmenopausal women with selected comorbid conditions such as osteoporosis, type II diabetes, certain cardiovascular pathologies, and colorectal cancer. The decision as to who should use any form of HRT needs to be based on the individual woman’s needs, quality of life, and potential risks versus benefits.Implications for practice: HRT has been a benefit to many women in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms. Recent studies have shown that HRT, whether it is combined estrogen and progestin therapy, or estrogen‐only therapy, can help postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and some selected comorbid conditions. Recent research indicates that some women are dying from comorbid conditions rather than breast cancer. Although the research regarding HRT in some areas may be limited, further research adds to existing knowledge and offers new ideas and possibilities in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms and selected comorbid conditions. Certainly HRT can improve quality of life and possibly longevity for selected women. Ongoing research is needed to further validate such benefits, as well as to further explore the risks and benefits of long‐term HRT. Increased knowledge about HRT will help healthcare providers better educate patients about the potential benefits of HRT, while providing documentation about who should take selected types of HRT or whether alternative treatment is preferred.
Gardnerella vaginalisBacteremia in a Previously Healthy Man: Case Report and Characterization of the Isolate
Authors: Lagacé-Wiens Philippe R. S. , Ng Betty , Reimer Aleisha , Burdz Tamara , Wiebe Deborah , Bernard Kathryn 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTGardnerella vaginalisin women causes vaginitis or infections in other sites, such as the urinary tract, but is an infrequent cause of bacteremia. Bacteremia in men is very rare and is typically associated with immunocompromised states. Here we describeG. vaginalisbacteremia in a previously healthy man with renal calculi and urosepsis.
Melon Chlorotic Leaf Curl Virus
: Characterization and Differential Reassortment with Closest Relatives Reveal Adaptive Virulence in the
Squash Leaf Curl Virus
Clade and Host Shifting by the Host-Restricted
Bean Calico Mosaic Virus
Authors: Idris A. M. , Mills-Lujan K. , Martin K. , Brown J. K. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

The genome components of the
Melon chlorotic leaf curl virus
(MCLCuV) were cloned from symptomatic cantaloupe leaves collected in Guatemala during 2002. The MCLCuV DNA-A and DNA-B components shared their closest nucleotide identities among begomoviruses, at ∼90 and 81%, respectively, with a papaya isolate of MCLCuV from Costa Rica. The closest relatives at the species level were other members of the
Squash leaf curl virus
(SLCV) clade, which is endemic in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Biolistic inoculation of cantaloupe seedlings with the MCLCuV DNA-A and -B components resulted in the development of characteristic disease symptoms, providing definitive evidence of causality. MCLCuV experimentally infected species within the
Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae
, and
Solanaceae
. The potential for interspecific reassortment was examined for MCLCuV and its closest relatives, including the bean-restricted
Bean calico mosaic virus
(BCaMV), and three other cucurbit-infecting species,
Cucurbit leaf crumple virus
(CuLCrV), SLCV, and SMLCV. The cucurbit viruses have distinct but overlapping host ranges. All possible reassortants were established using heterologous combinations of the DNA-A or DNA-B components. Surprisingly, only certain reassortants arising from MCLCuV and BCaMV, or MCLCuV and CuLCrV, were viable in bean, even though it is a host of all of the “wild-type” (parent) viruses. The bean-restricted BCaMV was differentially assisted in systemically infecting the cucurbit test species by the components of the four cucurbit-adapted begomoviruses. In certain heterologous combinations, the BCaMV DNA-A or -B component was able to infect one or more cucurbit species. Generally, the reassortants were less virulent in the test hosts than the respective wild-type (parent) viruses, strongly implicating adaptive modulation of virulence. This is the first illustration of reassortment resulting in the host range expansion of a host-restricted begomovirus.
Three-Dimensional Structure Determines the Pattern of CD4+T-Cell Epitope Dominance in Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin
Authors: Landry Samuel J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTThe structural context of a CD4+T-cell epitope is known to influence immunodominance at the level of antigen processing, but general rules have not emerged. Dominant epitopes of influenza virus hemagglutinin are found to be localized to the C-terminal flanks of conformationally stable segments identified by low crystallographic B-factors or high COREX residue stabilities. The bias toward C-terminal flanks is distinctive for antigens from the influenza virus. Dominant epitopes in antigens/allergens from other sources also localize to the flanks of stable segments but are found on either N- or C-terminal flanks. Thus, dominance arises from preferential endoproteolytic nicking between stable segments followed by loading of fragment terminal regions into antigen-presenting proteins. This mechanism probably arose in order to direct CD4+responses onto sequences that are conserved for structure and function. Structure-guided presentation could enhance protection against genetically drifting influenza virus variants but most likely reduces protection against new viral subtypes.
Maternal depression, child behavior, and injury
Authors: Phelan K , Khoury J , Atherton H , Kahn R S 
Published: December 2007

Background:Few data exist on the effect of maternal depression on child injury outcomes and mediators of this relationship.Objective:To examine the relationship between mothers’ depressive symptoms and medically attended injuries in their children and the potential mediating role of child behavior.Design/Methods:A cohort of mother–child dyads from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth followed from 1992 to1994. The primary exposure variable was maternal depressive symptoms as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in 1992. Child behavior was assessed by the Behavior Problems Index externalizing subscale. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms, child behavior, and injury reported in the prior year in 1994.Results:94 medically attended injuries were reported in the 1106 children (8.5%); two-thirds were sustained in the home environment. Maternal depressive symptoms significantly increased the risk of child injury; injury risk increased 4% for every 1-point increase in depressive symptoms (adjusted OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08, p = 0.02). Increasing maternal depressive symptoms also increased the risk of externalizing behavior problems (adjusted OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09), but externalizing behavior problems did not significantly mediate the relationship between maternal symptoms and child injury.Conclusions:Increasing depressive symptoms in mothers was associated with an increased risk of child injury. Child behavior did not significantly mediate the association between maternal depressive symptoms and child injury in this cohort. Greater recognition, referral, and treatment of depressive symptoms in mothers may have effects on child behavior and injury risk.
Detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC inEscherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniaeandProteus mirabilis: Table 1
Authors: Tan T Y , Ng S Y , Teo L , Koh Y , Teok C H 
Published: December 2007

Aims:This study investigated the prevalence of plasmid-mediated AmpC production in selected clinical isolates ofEscherichia coli,Klebsiellaspecies andProteus mirabilis, and compared the results of boronic acid disc screening with conventional susceptibility testing for the detection of AmpC-positive isolates.Methods:E coli,Klebsiellaspecies andP mirabiliswith reduced susceptibility to amoxycillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime and cephalexin, but without phenotypic evidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases were screened for AmpC activity using enzyme-extraction methods. The presence of plasmid-mediatedampCwas determined by multiplex PCR. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined using both disc and dilution-based methods. A disc-based screening method for detection of AmpC-producing strains was evaluated using boronic acid as an inhibitor of AmpC, and cefoxitin as the antibiotic substrate.Results:Plasmid-mediatedampCwas present in 26% of study isolates, with CMY-like enzymes detected predominantly inE coliand DHA-like enzymes predominantly inKlebsiella pneumoniae. Current susceptibility methods failed to detect a significant proportion of plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing isolates, with 33% of such strains interpreted as susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins using current Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoints. The boronic acid disc method showed sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 98% respectively in detecting AmpC-positive isolates.Conclusion:The prevalence of plasmid-mediatedampCwas high in the study population, and may be missed by conventional susceptibility testing methods. Inhibitor-based screening methods would improve detection of this emerging resistance phenotype.
Kirmenjak-
Pietra d'Istria
: a preliminary investigation of its use in Venetian architectural heritage
Authors: Šimunić Buršić M. , Aljinović D. , Cancelliere S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Kirmenjak — white limestone from the quarries near the village of Kirmenjak in Istria (Croatia), in the past known as
Pietra d'Istria
— has been regularly used in the construction of the basal zone of Venetian buildings since the 14th century. Its characteristics — durability, extremely low water absorption and high compressive strength — made it an ideal material for the lowest parts of Venetian buildings in the zone between foundation (wooden piles) and brick walls. In this zone, exposed to tidal flooding and low-tide drying, materials deteriorate very quickly, but Kirmenjak has proved to be durable even in this aggressive saline environment. Moreover, this dense micritic or pelmicritic stylolitized limestone from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) was used as an efficient barrier to rising damp. Preliminary
in situ
investigation of how Kirmenjak blocks were laid shows that the prevalent stylolite orientation is horizontal in the basal parts of buildings, while in other structural elements this orientation varies. This inspired the hypothesis that the Venetian constructors took advantage of horizontally laid stylolite discontinuities (partially filled with clay) as a multilayer humidity barrier.
An holistic approach to the assessment of stone decay: Bonamargy Friary, Northern Ireland
Authors: McCabe S. , Smith B. J. , Warke P. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Decay mapping and condition assessment have proved to be useful tools in understanding stone decay and identification of remedial action. In this paper an holistic strategy is taken to the study of façade decay at the medieval Bonamargy Friary, on the north Antrim coast, Northern Ireland. After lithology and decay forms are mapped, interrelationships between decay form, stone type and environment are identified and quantified. This is accomplished through analysis of the spatial association of decay forms, and is used to inform our understanding of decay processes and environmental and lithological controls on those processes. This approach is combined with the application of the UAS (‘Unit’, ‘Area’, ‘Spread’) staging system developed by Warke
et al.
that is based upon a ‘whole-building’ approach to the assessment of stone condition, the spread to decay and a staged approach to conservation intervention. The case study demonstrates how the combination of these approaches improves our understanding of the factors that control stone decay whilst providing a clearer understanding of the cumulative impact of combined decay mechanisms.