bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geophysics guides particles physics
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

When geophysicists from the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL), Hanscom Air Force Base, Mass., presented evidence of a sixth fundamental force at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco last month, an uncommon thing happened. Particle physicists responded, in t h e press and elsewhere, to a potential scientific breakthrough made by a group of earth scientists.The event is uncommon because theoretical physicists have been leading the game of leapfrog between the theoreticians, who use mathematics to present new hypotheses and provide rigor for observations, and the experimentalists, who use measurements to test old theories or demonstrate the need for new ones. In recent years, particle physicists have published dozens of theories to explain the behavior of matter and energy on a subatomic scale, according to Purdue physicist Ephraim Fischbach. Some theories, with names like “supersymmetry” or “supergravity,” predict the existence of fundamental forces in addition to the four now known to exist: electromagnetism, gravity, and the strong and weak nuclear forces
Pre‐drilling data review and synthesis for the Long Valley Caldera, California
Authors: Goldstein N. E. 
Published: October 2006

A 2‐day symposium was held at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) on March 17–18, 1987, to review a large body of scientific investigations for the Long Valley Caldera and to discuss concepts and models for the present‐day magmatic‐hydrothermal system. Speakers at the symposium also addressed the problem of where to locate future scientific drill holes in the caldera.Deep scientific drilling projects such as those being contemplated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Geothermal Technologies Division (GTD), under the Magma Energy Program, and by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES) along with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Science Foundation (NSF), under the Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP), will be major and expensive national undertakings that will require strong support from geoscientists and engineers and from industry and government‐supported laboratories. DOE/OBES is sponsoring a program of relatively shallow core holes (less than 1 km) in the caldera, and DOE/GTD is considering the start of a deep (6‐km) hole for geophysical observations and sampling of the near‐magmatic environment as early as fiscal year (FY) 1988.
Mg may protect waste under glass
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

Recent studies indicate that magnesium in seawater may help nuclear waste stored in silicate glass stay put. The preliminary results of work combining observations of the dissolution rate of ancient glass particles on land and in the oceans with laboratory experiments show that magnesium in seawater greatly retards the corrosion of silicate glasses similar in composition to those currently used to contain nuclear waste in Europe and proposed for use by the United States.In Europe, radioactive waste is mixed and melted with silicate components to form a liquid that is then poured into stainless steel containers and quenched to a glass. The containers are buried and surrounded with clay backfill. This method is being considered for the United States, where most high‐level nuclear waste is stored in liquid form. Glass is thought to be a more reliable form of storage for the long periods of time, more than 20,000 years, that radionuclides must be isolated from the environment. Until recently, there was no direct evidence on how resistant to chemical and physical attack the glasses would really be on such a time scale.
ODP paleomagnetic data available
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) has paleomagnetic data from legs 1 to 111, representing drilling from 1968 through 1986, available to the public now. More than 200,000 individual measurements are currently available in a computerized format.Data from legs 1 to 96 include shipboard measurements from the Glomar Challenger and measurements made at onshore laboratories. To date, data from legs 101 to 111 consist only o f shipboard measurements, although participants are required to provide appropriately formatted measurements made at onshore laboratories.
New lightning theory strikes
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The mapped patterns o f lightning appear to reveal bipolar structures 100 km or more long, many times larger than individual storms, three atmospheric scientists report in a new study. A fuller understanding of the structures could lead to improved forecasting of dangerous electrical storms.The paper, by Richard Orville, Ronald Henderson, and Lance Bosart of the State University of New York at Albany (SUNYA), will be published in the February issue of Geophysical Research Letters. The scientists based their conclusions on records from networks of magnetic lightning detectors that together cover nearly 75% of the United States. The ability to look at lightning on a regional scale by combining observations from local networks made the wide‐ranging study possible.
Predicting Iceland's earthquakes
Authors: Bovarsson Reynir , Einarsson Pall 
Published: October 2006

A research project involving seismologists from the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) started recently. The long‐term project goal is to reduce earthquake losses and strengthen the physical basis for earthquake prediction.The project originated in the Council of Europe. In a resolution passed in 1980, the council stressed the importance of concentrating earthquake prediction research in five test areas in Europe, one of which was the South Iceland Seismic Zone (see Figure 1). The resolution led to discussion among Nordic seismologists on cooperative work in the Icelandic test area. They agreed that an appropriate first step would be to establish a digital data acquisition system around which geophysical monitoring and other experiments could be designed. A proposal for a 5 – 6‐year project, which was submitted to the Nordic Council and the Council of Nordic Ministers, was approved in 1987. The participants are planning a data acquisition system and geophysical experiments that can give information about changes in physical properties of the crust before large earthquakes.
Theodore J. Simons 1939–1987
Authors: Murthy Raj 
Published: October 2006

Theodore Johannes Simons was born in the Netherlands in 1939. He graduated from the Technological University of Delft, where he majored in theoretical fluid dynamics. He was subsequently associated with the North Sea Storm Surge Research of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute and served as a meteorological officer in the Royal Netherlands Air Force.In 1966, Simons came to the United States as a research student at the Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University (Fort Collins), where he studied atmospheric instability and numerical modeling of atmospheric development. He received his Ph.D. in 1970 for his study of the nonlinear dynamics of cyclone waves.
Future scientific drilling
Authors: Meyers Philip A. , Austin James A. 
Published: October 2006

The JOI‐USSAC Workshop on Future Scientific Drilling was held April 6–8, 1987, at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. Participants consisted of 56 scientists from nine countries. The general sponsors of the workshop were JOI (the Joint Oceanographic Institutions) and the U.S. Science Advisory Committee (USSAC) of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). Non‐U.S. participants were sponsored by their respective countries.The goals of the workshop were to develop thematic suites of drilling objectives in the South Atlantic from global, regional, and topical perspectives and to broaden the base of expertise on which ODP efforts are founded by including scientific input from non‐ODP members. The workshop began with a plenary session at which general overviews of various aspects of current South Atlantic research were presented. For most of the workshop, participants separated into one of four working groups for specialized discussion. The topics of these specialized groups were

evolution of oceanic lithosphere/tectonics,
biostratigraphy,
physical stratigrapgy/development of the sedimentary record, and
geochemistry.
Once major themes had been developed, each group went on to consider where these objectives could be optimally addressed by drilling and what drilling strategies were necessary for each target area of interest. The workshop ended on the third day with a general session in which the considerations of the four working groups were summarized.
1987 James B. Macelwane Medals
Authors: Axford W. I. , Terasawa Toshio , Thompson George A. , Zoback Mary Lou 
Published: October 2006

It is a very great pleasure for me to be able to introduce to you as one of this year's Macelwane Medal winners Toshio Terasawa from the Geophysical Institute of Kyoto University, Japan.Terasawa is one of the rare scientists to receive a Macelwane Medal when not working in the United States. It is a tribute both to him and to the American Geophysical Union that this has transpired, since it emphasizes the fact that science, especially geophysics, is international in every sense and that the recognition of excellence should transcend national boundaries.
A regional look at acid rain
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

New, detailed atmospheric computer models are beginning to reveal regional information about acid deposition in eastern North America and elsewhere, allowing scientists to look for the first time at the origin, transport, and deposition of acid rain and its dry equivalents on both a global and local scale. Interpretations of the simulations are expected to play a central role in future national policies on the human causes of the destructive fall‐out.One new model developed by Hiram Levy II and Walter Moxim at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in Princeton, N J., yields results indicating that over the course of a year, nitrogen‐based compounds, which make up one half of the acid material that falls from the sky, are deposited for the most part near the industrialized population centers where they originate, particularly in the northeast United States (see figure). Another model, even more detailed and complex, is being developed for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to predict over shorter periods of time the transport and deposition of a variety of chemicals that cause acid precipitation.
NASA proposes ambitious 1989 program
Authors: Alexander Joseph K. 
Published: October 2006

Two recent developments highlight what may be the beginning of a strong renewal of support for the U.S. civil space program. The first of these is the new National Space Policy directive, approved by President Reagan on January 5, 1988.The new policy reaffirms U.S. leadership in space as a fundamental national objective. Obtaining scientific, technological, and economic benefits through space‐related activities remains a major goal of the space program, and the new policy has added the new goal of expanding human presence and activity beyond Earth orbit into the solar system. Six major objectives have been set for the civilian space program:

to expand knowledge of Earth, its environment, the Solar System, and the universe;
to create new opportunities for use of the space environment through the conduct of appropriate research and experimentation in advanced technology and systems;
to develop space technology for civil applications and, wherever appropriate, make such technology available to the commercial sector;
to preserve U.S. preeminence in critical aspects of space science, applications, technology, and manned space flight;
to establish a permanent human presence in space; and
to engage in international cooperative efforts that further U.S. space goals.
Statement of the Space Science Working Group
Authors: Solomon Sean C. 
Published: October 2006

The Space Science Working Group (SSWG) is a consortium of universities and institutions represented by scientists and governmental relations officers. Its members are concerned about the health of the U.S. space program, particularly university‐based research in the space sciences. The SSWG is administered through the Association of American Universities.For each of the last 6 years, the SSWG has attempted to bring to the attention of the U.S. Congress and the Administration issues of concern to the university space science community regarding the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) budget and the U.S. space program. Most recently, these issues have included the severe erosion of the space science research base at universities, the lack of space flight opportunities, and the inability to initiate new science programs. The SSWG supports a return by this nation to position of leadership in the space sciences, and we believe that the continued involvement of universities is essential to the U.S. space research enterprise.
Magnetosphere‐ionosphere interactions: Key to universe
Authors: Peratt Anthony L. 
Published: October 2006

Ionized matter—plasma—is the over‐whelmingly dominant constituent of the universe as a whole, and matter in the plasma state is characterized by a complexity that vastly exceeds that exhibited in the solid, liquid, and gaseous states. Correspondingly, the physical and especially the electrodynamic properties of the plasma are still far from well understood.;While it is now universally acknowledged that our universe is a plasma universe, the physical understanding of this universe has remained in doubt. This is primarily because interpreting the physical processes from high‐energy, optical, infrared, and radio telescope observations critically depend on our understanding of matter in the plasma state.
Essential of Crystallography
Authors: Evans Howard T. 
Published: October 2006

This volume is a new edition of an earlier publication (1974) entitled Crystalline Solids. The new volume has been greatly expanded and is the first of a projected two volumes. In this volume, the authors provide a thoroughgoing treatment of the theory and procedures of crystallographic calculations, while the topics of crystal chemistry and crystal physics will be covered in the proposed sequel.The first half of this work deals with the theory of applied crystallography in five chapters: crystal lattices, stereographic projections, crystal symmetry, space groups, and crystallographic calculations. The second half covers the experimental methods of diffraction and structure analysis. More details of computational methods are outlined in extensive appendices.
Arizona society organizes hydrology
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

In January 1986 the Arizona Hydrological Society (AHS) was incorporated as a nonprofit society under the laws of the State of Arizona. The society now has three chapters, in Flagstaff, Phoenix, and Tucson, with a total of more than 200 members. The purposes of the society may be summarized as follows:

Advancement of the science of hydrology and water resources research, planning, and development;
Establishment of an open forum for information exchange among professionals concerned with hydrology and water resources;
Dissemination of ideas and information about the field of hydrology and other water resources professions to the public; and
Support of the establishment of standards for the practice of hydrology as a profession.
Fy 1989 budget proposal: More support for basic geoscience research
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

President Ronald Reagan's Fiscal Year (FY) 1989 budget—the final spending plan of his 8‐year tenure—contains few real surprises, answers a few questions, and does not seem to have offended many in Congress. Hefty increases in money for the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are proposed, while many federal programs at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are trimmed.After complete silence last year, the White House renewed support for the Space Station with a big request in the new budget, along with an ambitious space program (see Tables 1 and 2). Even though Congress showed lukewarm support for this program and some other parts of the Reagan science agenda, most congressional leaders and observers are predicting that the new spending plan should make it through the legislature without a big fight, partly because of the distractions of an election year.
Determining nonmethane hydrocarbon
Authors: Carsey Thomas P. 
Published: October 2006

In May 1987, an intercomparison exercise for the determination of nonmethane hydrocarbon gases in the marine atmosphere was conducted. A preliminary account of the results was presented at the 1987 AGU Fall Meeting (see the abstract “Non‐Methane Hydrocarbons in the Remote Marine Atmsophere: Results of an Intercomparison Exercise,” in Eos, November 3, 1987, p. 1220).It has subsequently become evident that miscalculations occurred (in the conversion of units) that resulted in incorrect mixing ratios for some data sets as presented. A corrected report is in progress and will be published as soon as possible.
COCORP finds thick Proterozoic (?) strata under midcontinent
Authors:   COCORP Reseach Group
Published: October 2006

Thick, laterally extensive stratified rocks lie hidden within the Precambrian basement of the central United States. The layers dwarf the overlying Phanerozoic sedimentary section and may exceed in volume the entire Phanerozoic cover of the continental interior.The extent of the layered rocks became evident last summer as the Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) completed a major deep seismic reflection traverse across Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and part of Missouri. The survey was conducted partly because industrial seismic data and studies by the Illinois Geological Survey showed basement layering in southern Illinois, partly because earlier COCORP surveys also showed such layering in Oklahoma and Texas, and partly because COCORP's broad program calls for comprehensive exploration of the entire continental basement of the United States.
Sydney Chapman Centennial Celebration
Authors: Akasofu Syun‐Ichi 
Published: October 2006

The Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF), paused in its work on the afternoon of January 28, 1988, to honor the memory of Sydney Chapman on the 100th anniversary of his birth. Chapman served as advisory scientific director for the institute from 1953 to 1970 and was instrumental in establishing the research agenda of the institute. His work and fame, however, were international: Essentially, he was the founder of the field of solar‐terrestrial physics. He received AGU's highest honor, the Bowie Medal, in 1962.Syun‐Ichi Akasofu, director of the Geophysical Institute and first a student, then a collaborator of Chapman, opened the proceedings with a brief review of the life Work of this great pioneer. Chapman was author or coauthor of seven significant books. He also coined many terms now standard in the field (including “aeronomy” and “electrojet”) and led many distinguished organizations, including the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) and the Special Committee for the International Geophysical Year (IGY).
Superconductivity above 125 K is predicted
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The identification of the latest record‐setting high‐temperature superconductor has led to a prediction of even higher critical temperature in a related compound, but also to some indication that the current drive for room temperature superconductivity may stop short.For the past year, scientists have been turning out new superconducting compounds at an astounding rate, reaching levels of critical temperature (Tc, the highest temperature of electrical flow without resistance) considered impossible just a few years ago. The field is changing so quickly, commented one researcher, that now the preferred medium of scientific communication is not scholarly journals, but the Fax machine.
New activities for IAHS
Authors: Colenbrander H. J. 
Published: October 2006

In view of the emerging large‐scale environmental problems whose solutions will require a deep understanding of the global water cycle, the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) is planning a number of new activities. For instance, a substantial contribution from hydrologists is necessary for the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), which is planned for the mid‐1990s. This project is under the Joint Science Committee (JSC) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and the World Climate Research Program. A special IAHS‐World Meteorological Organization (WMO) working group for GEWEX has been formed to

turn the attention of hydrologists to the much‐neglected large‐scale hydrologic problems;
foster international collaboration of hydrology with its closest geophysical sister disciplines, i.e., atmospheric and ocean sciences; and
emphasize the potential of the newly developed observation technologies, which so far have been applied in hydrological science only on a very limited scale.
IAHS Workshops and Symposia
Authors: Johnson A. Ivan 
Published: October 2006

The Workshop on Remote Data Transmission was sponsored on August 20, 1987, by the International Committee on Remote Sensing and Data Transmission (ICRSDT). Coconvenors of the workshop were Ivan Johnson (A. Ivan Johnson, Inc., Arvada, Colo.), president of ICRSDT, and Richard Paulson (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Reston, Va.), chairman, ICRSDT Division on Remote Data Transmission.The purpose of the workshop was to present information on remote data transmission techniques — the transmission of hydrologic and climatological data by satellite or reflection from meteor trails — and to relate experiences with such techniques to the needs of potential users, especially those in developing countries. An attempt was made, through a series of papers and an open discussion period evaluating the pros and cons of the various systems, to relate the state of the technology to the needs of the users. The workshop attendees represented 18 countries.
Proterozoic Lithospheric Evolution
Authors: Kröner Alfred 
Published: October 2006

Recent years have seen significant new results on the evolution of Proterozoic terranes, and many of these resulted from new techniques, new concepts, and increasing multi‐disciplinary research. In 1981, Working Group (WG) 3 of the International Lithosphere Program (ILP) was established. Its principal tasks were

clarification of the origin and evolution of the Proterozoic rocks and of the magmatic, metamorphic, deformational processes involved in their evolution;
elucidation of the basic patterns of the structure and composition of the Proterozoic lithosphere and their implicatin for the geochemical differentiation of mantle and crust and the growth of continents; and
characterization of Proterozoic tectonic regimes and evaluation of the role of plate tectonics in Proterozoic orogenesis and lithospheric evolution.