bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute myocardial infarction and arterial embolectomy
Authors: Stavorovsky M , Morag B , Iellin A , Lichtenstein D 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Emboli of a main artery cause serious complications in patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction, in whom the surgical risk is high. In order to save the limb, embolectomy is indicated and should be considered.
Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention with the use of the Fogarty catheter simplify the embolectomy procedure and enable restoration of circulation to the ischaemic limb.
Thirty-two embolectomies were performed in twenty-eight patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction. Patients with cardiac compensation survived the surgery and recovered. However 50% of the patients in whom acute myocardial infarction was accompanied with congestive heart failure and arrhythmias died. The cause of death was the underlying disease. Considering the severity of the acute myocardial infarction this group of patients represents the expected mortality.
Furosemide and acute renal failure
Authors: Borirakchanyavat V , Vongsthongsri M , Sitprija V 
Published: December 2008

Summary
High dose of intravenous furosemide (2 g/24 hr) was given to six patients with acute renal failure due to leptospirosis. The results, based on urine flow, changes in serum creatinine and creatinine clearance, were compared with a control group of eight patients with the same disease and comparable degree of renal failure. Excellent diuresis was observed following furosemide therapy but renal function and the clinical course of the disease were unaltered. The duration of renal failure was the same in both groups.
Cerebral haemorrhage in haemophilia
Authors: Bennett M , Sills J A 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA young male haemophiliac child is here described in whom intracerebral haemorrhage required craniotomy and the subsequent insertion of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. These procedures can now be attempted in severe haemophilia A because of the ease in clotting factor replacement therapy.
Effect of insulin in the induction and regression of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in the rabbit
Authors: Marquié G 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA study was undertaken to determine the effects of long-term insulin therapy on the development and regression of lipid perturbations and experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in rabbits:(1) Insulin administration for 15 days significantly reduced plasma lipid levels and free fatty acids in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet; it also inhibited the effects of a single dose of cholesterol. Paradoxically, continued insulin treatment led to the reinforcement of lipaemia through the stimulation of mobilization. Insulin administration during the development of atherosclerosis significantly aggravated the fatty infiltration of the aortic tissue and the lesions of the vessels, and also increased the frequency of coronary lesions.(2) In rabbits fed a cholesterol enriched diet during two months and then a normal diet, insulin treatment accelerated the rate of reduction of hypercholesterolaemia, but aggravated the lipid infiltration of the artery walls, and also prevented regression of coronary atherosclerosis.
Essential fatty acids and the vulnerability of the artery during growth
Authors: Ball K P , Cranford M A , Hassam A G , Rivers J P W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Essential fatty acids not only control blood lipid levels, but are the precursors of prostaglandins responsible for regulation of platelet aggregation. Dietary deficiency of essential fatty acids may play an important role in the development of coronary heart disease, particularly during the early growth period.
Possible prevention and treatment of steroid-induced osteoporosis
Authors: Condon J R , Nassim J R , Dent C E , Hilb A , Stainthorpe E M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Patients with steroid-induced, juvenile and senile osteoporosis were studied using balance techniques.
The changes in calciun and phosphorus balance associated with glucocorticoid therapy were corrected with vitamin D and bendrofluazide given in combination. No hypercalcaemia occurred in osteoporotic patients who continued to receive glucocorticoids. Calcium and phosphorus balance was also improved in the osteoporotic subjects not receiving steroids, but these patients became hypercalcaemic during treatment.
It is suggested that vitamin D, bendrofluazide and steroids antagonize the actions of one another on the renal tubule, gut and bone and in this way prevent the increased calciuria which occurs with glucocorticoid therapy. Since the increased calciuria and negative calcium balance induced by glucocorticoids is considered to be the result of excessive bone resorption, an adequate dose of bendrofluazide and vitamin D in combination might prevent the development of, or even reverse, steroid-induced osteoporosis.
Skin closure with polyglycolic acid (Dexon)
Authors: MacKinnon A E , Brown S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Cosmetically satisfactory scars were achieved in 94.5% of skin crease orchidopexy wounds sutured with subcuticular polyglycolic acid. Of twenty-seven similar wounds closed with interrupted black silk sutures 18.5% developed hypertrophy at the medial end.
Treatment of congestive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Abelmann W H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Although the majority of patients with cardiomyopathy are in the category of primary or idiopathic cardiomyopathy, for which therapy is symptomatic and non-specific, there are a number of secondary forms of cardiomyopathy for which specific therapy is available, thus giving impetus to prompt and accurate diagnosis. Among inflammatory lesions, brucellosis, psittacosis and toxoplasmosis are examples. Treatable metabolic causes include thyrotoxicosis and thiamine deficiency, the latter as well as calorie-protein malnutrition are also preventable. There is presumptive evidence that the cardiomyopathy of haemochromatosis is benefited by repeated phlebotomies. Symptomatic relief of obstructive cardiomyopathy is achieved by beta-adrenergic blockade, although resection of obstructing myocardium still has a place.
The therapeutic approach to the vast majority of cases of congestive cardiomyopathy is non-specific, comprising controlled activity, sodium restriction, digitalis and diuretics. Vasodilators and, occasionally, beta-adrenergic blockade may be beneficial. Pacemakers may be life-saving, whereas the place of anti-arrhythmics remains uncertain. Transplantation warrants further application. Valve replacement has little to offer.
Primary prevention, comprising balanced nutrition, vaccines and genetic counselling, merits wider application. In individuals at risk or already afflicted, programmes of secondary prevention should include good nutrition, abstinence from alcohol and protection from drugs and toxins.
Special investigations of COCM: endomyocardial biopsies (morphological analysis)
Authors: Olsen E G J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Endomyocardial tissue obtained from 237 patients clinically suspected of suffering from congestive cardiomyopathy, has been analysed histologically, histochemically and ultrastructurally. In 51% of patients, the suspected diagnosis was morphologically confirmed and in 24·5%, no pathological evidence of a dilated heart or other pathology was found. The results in these two groups were considered helpful.
It is concluded that, even though the morphology of congestive cardiomyopathy in non-specific and the number of other pathology found is small, the continuation of investigation by bioptome is justified. Parameters such as prognosis and length of history can also be assessed. Furthermore, morphological analysis is essential to interpret accurately biochemical and other types of investigations that are being carried out on biopsy material.
Dermatomyositis: observations on the use of immunosuppressive therapy and review of literature. Cairo—Glasgow study group
Authors: El-Ghobarey A , Balint G , de Ceulaer K , Dick W C , Buchanan W W , Hadidi T , Hassan T A 
Published: December 2008

SummarySeven young adults, six of whom were male, all suffering from dermatomyositis unassociated with malignancy are described. These patients were not adequately controlled with high doses of corticosteroids but all responded when immunosuppressive therapy was also given.
Sarcoidosis with renal involvement
Authors: MacSearraigh E T , Doyle C T , Twomey M , O'Sullivan D J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Nine of ninety patients with sarcoidosis were found to have significant renal impairment. Epithelioid granulomata were present in five of eight patients who had renal biopsies and glomerular lesions were present in six. There was close correlation between hypercalcaemia, hyperuricaemia, nephrocalcinosis and creatinine clearance. In one patient, renal sarcoidosis complicated membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis and one patient died in end-stage renal disease.
Three additional malignancies occurring within one year in a patient with chronic lymphatic leukaemia
Authors: Boots M A , Pegrum G D 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient with crhonic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) is presented who was first seen with a basal cell carcinoma and subsequently developed two further malignant conditions within a year, without receiving any treatment for his leukaemia. It is suggested that this leukaemia was a predisposing factor in the development of his carcinomas.
Induction of spermatogenesis in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
Authors: Spitz I M , Schumert Z , Steiner J , Rosen E , Segal S , Slonim A , Rabinowitz D 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA young male who presented with isolated bihormonal gonadotrophin deficiency is described, Basal levels of LH and FSH were low and there was no response to clomiphene citrate or LHRH. The remaining anterior pituitary function was intact. The administration of a combination of human menopausal gonadotrophin and human chorionic gonadotrophin caused testicular maturation with spermatogenesis and full androgenization. The patient was able to father a child.
Early outbreaks of ‘epidemic neuromyasthenia’
Authors: Parish J G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The literature of the outbreaks of ‘epidemic neuromyasthenia’ (ENM) from 1934 to 1955 has been selected to show that the disease affects other people besides young adult females in hospitals and nursing homes. There have been district epidemics, in which the male: female ratio was almost even and several male outbreaks affecting soldiers in barracks. Some outbreaks appear to have been triggered off by an epidemic of poliomyelitis, and the epidemiology of outbreaks in Iceland in 1948 and 1955 suggests that the normal cytopathological effects of poliomyelitis infection have been suppressed by the new disease. In the Durban epidemic (1955) a toxic metabolite was discovered in the urine of many patients and a markedly increased urinary excretion of creatine was noted in two New York State outbreaks. The results of the transmission of an agent from patients with ENM to monkeys suggest that the neurological disorder might be in the form of mild disseminated lesions scattered throughout the nervous system from the brain to peripheral nerves and associated with perivascular round cell infiltration without significant cellular damage. ENM infection was widespread in the North of England in 1955 and associated with lymphocyte abnormalities, which have persisted in some cases for several years. This suggests a continuous organic process.
‘Epidemic neuromyasthenia’ 1955–1978
Authors: Ramsay A M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A record of fifty-three patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department of the Royal Free Hospital between April 1955 and September 1957 suffering from ‘epidemic neuromyasthenia’ establishes the fact that the condition was endemic in the general population before, during and after the outbreak among the staff of the hospital. A further outbreak occurred in North Finchley between 1964 and 1967 and sporadic new cases are still being encountered. The majority of these patients show evidence of involvement of the central and sympathetic nervous systems and the reticulo-endothelial system. Abnormal muscular fatigability is the dominant clinical feature and it is suggested that mitochondrial damage may provide an explanation for this phenomenon. Enzyme tests carried out in seven cases show pathologically high levels of lactic dehydrogenase, and glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase. A follow-up study suggests that there is one group of patients that recovers completely or nearly completely, a second that recovers but is subject to relapses and a third that shows little or no recovery, these patients remaining incapacitated.
Electro-encephalographic investigations in myalgic encephalomyelitis
Authors: Pampiglione G , Harris R , Kennedy J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The main EEG features are described of thirty-six young adults who were examined at the Royal Free Hospital between 1960 and 1964 and twelve children seen at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, between 1957 and 1977. It is important in the future, if a plan is considered for the study of a fresh epidemic, to include systematic EEG studies covering a period of 2 to 3 years. The EEG alterations found in this limited survey, though modest, would suggest that cerebral function was disturbed with somewhat variable distribution by an insidious illness which has not yet been identified.
Post-infectious encephalomyelitis: some aetiological mechanisms
Authors: Behan P O 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The possibility that acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis (‘epidemic neuromyasthenia’) may share a common pathogenesis is examined and many factors common to the two diseases are described. It is suggested that further study of ADEM may help our understanding of epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis.
The neurological manifestations of malabsorption
Authors: Cooke W T 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe clinical and pathological findings in patients with neurological disorders in association with disordered function of the small intestine, in particular coeliac disease, are outlined. The possible significance of the abnormalities of pyridoxine, tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism are considered in relation to biopterin derivatives and their relevance to neurological dysfunction.
Scurvy and vitamin C deficiency in Crohn's disease
Authors: Linaker B D 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of scurvy presenting in a patient with Crohn's disease is reported. A normal response to replacement therapy is seen. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency was found in 7 out of 10 patients with clinically quiescent Crohn's disease, 4 of whom had an adequate oral intake of vitamin C. There was no significant difference in oral intake between patients with Crohn's disease and matched controls but there was a significant difference (P&lt;0·001) in leucocyte ascorbic acid levels. It is recommended that patients with Crohn's disease be screened for vitamin C deficiency and receive prophylactic vitamin C supplements daily.
Interferon induction by adenoviruses
Authors: Béládi I , Pusztai R , Bakay M , Mucsi I , Taródi B 
Published: December 2008

SummaryAll human, simian, bovine and avian adenovirus types tested so far and the canine hepatitis virus induce interferon production in chick cells. This finding indicated this property to be characteristic for viruses belonging to the adenovirus group. Trypsin treatment, which had no effect upon the infectivity, diminished or eliminated the interferon-inducing abilities of crude adenoviruses, and thus the need for a trypsin-sensitive protein in interferon induction was suggested. T antigen and interferon were formed simultaneously in chick embryo fibroblast cells infected with human adenovirus type 12, and therefore the adenovirus-specific T antigen was resistant to the action of endogenous interferon synthetized by the same cells. In chicks inoculated with human types, the appearance of interferon was biphasic: an ‘early’ and a ‘late’ interferon could be demonstrated with maximum titre 4 and 10 hr, respectively, after virus infection. In chicks infected with adenoviruses, first interferon production and then a decreased primary immune response to sheep red blood cells was observed. It was assumed that in adenovirus-infected chicks the interferon produced by viral stimulus resulted in a transient immunosuppression.
Pancreatitis in childhood
Authors: Sibert J R 
Published: December 2008

SummaryFollow-up of 25 cases of pancreatitis in childhood ascertained from the Hospital Activity Analysis in Newcastle and Wales showed that the majority of the children thrived after their illness. Only one child died. Only 2 children developed diabetes mellitus and 3 had significant malabsorption.There were 13 idiopathic cases (9 acute, 4 chronic relapsing), 3 of which were obese girls of pubertal age. It is speculated that obesity, puberty and female sex together may predispose to acute pancreatitis.
Interatrial abscess
Authors: Holt S , Martinez A A G , Coulshed N 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A large abscess of the interatrial septum developed during the course of acute bacterial endocarditis affecting the aortic valve. Septic involvement of the cardiac conducting system produced atrioventricular dissociation, and subsequent abscess rupture resulted in an aorto-right atrial communication. The clinical presentation of this rare complication of acute bacterial endocarditis is correlated with the post-mortem findings.
Colonic tuberculosis
Authors: Venables G S , Rana P S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of tuberculosis of the colon is described. Attention is drawn to the similarity between this and other inflammatory diseases of the bowel. Colonic tuberculosis is now a rarity even where mycobacterial infection is endemic, and may mimic other inflammatory diseases of the bowel with important consequences for treatment and prognosis. Such a case is now described.
Nutrition and lactation
Authors: Whitehead R G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Recommended dietary allowances for women during pregnancy are discussed in the light of actual intakes both in the developing and industrialized countries. The difference between total energy intakes in the industrialized countries (around 2900 kcal) and in the developing countries (around 1600 kcal) is emphasized. Data are provided from The Gambia which demonstrate the effect of seasonal changes in maternal dietary intake on the quantity of breast milk produced and on its quality. The relationship between breast-milk supply and infant growth is also demonstrated.
Respiratory disease in pregnancy
Authors: de Swiet M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Respiratory disorders seem to be better tolerated during pregnancy than disorders of the cardiovascular system. Pregnancy seems to have a variable effect on bronchial asthma although respiratory function in general shows little change. Similarly patients with bronchiectasis do not tend to show functional deterioration. Fetal growth, however, may be adversely affected in these conditions if arterial hypoxaemia is present. The problems of drug treatment of respiratory disorders in pregnancy, particularly asthma and tuberculosis, are discussed.
Trigeminal neuropathy as the presenting symptom of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Burke M J , Carty J E 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Three cases of systemic sclerosis in which trigeminal neuropathy was the presenting symptom are described. All 3 patients had progressive diseases and 2 died from its complications.
In each case extensive neurological investigation was undertaken before the disease was recognized and it is suggested that earlier recognition of the systemic sclerosis might obviate the need for this. Trigeminal neuropathy in systemic sclerosis was associated with a poor prognosis in 2 of the patients.
Birmingham Medical Research Expeditionary Society 1977 Expedition: Psychological aspects of acute mountain sickness
Authors: Olive J E , Waterhouse N 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In order to assess the importance of personality and expectations in the development of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), 3 standard personality questionnaires and a Mountain Sickness Anticipation Questionnaire were completed by all of the 17 BMRES expedition members before their departure for the Himalayas. AMS could not be predicted with these tests and its occurrence, when assessed either by clinical interview or by peer review, bore no significant relationship to personality. For comparison daily self-assessment of the signs and symptoms of AMS were also conducted throughout the expedition, using graduated and graphic rating scales. The results were found to be unreliable and dependent upon personality factors. These findings have implications for those assessing others at high altitude.
Birmingham Medical Research Expeditionary Society 1977 Expedition: effect of a Himalayan trek on whole body composition, nitrogen and potassium
Authors: Harvey T C , James H M , Chettle D R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The body composition of the 17 members of the BMRES was studied using body weight and fat fold calipers, with measurements of whole body potassium and nitrogen. The full assessment was made just before departure from Birmingham and immediately on return. Daily observations of body weight and fat folds were made during the trek to high altitude.
During the ascent all subjects lost body fat but there was little change in lean body mass. After return it was found that there had been further loss of body fat and some loss of lean tissue also. One subject who took methandienone retained potassium but had no increase in body nitrogen. There was no correlation between changes in body composition and acute mountain sickness.
Birmingham Medical Research Expeditionary Society 1977 Expedition: serum and urine proteins during a high altitude trek
Authors: Bradwell A R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Serum and urine proteins were measured daily in 17 subjects undertaking a typical high altitude Himalayan trek. Marked changes occurred in a variety of serum proteins as a result of plasma volume alterations and 'stress'. There was only a sporadic increase in proteinuria. None of the changes was related to the development of acute mountain sickness.
Birmingham Medical Research Expeditionary Society 1977 Expedition: changes in renal function observed during a trek to high altitude
Authors: Delamare J P , Jones G T 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Changes in renal function were observed in 17 subjects during the course of a trek to high altitude. Comparison was made between these changes and the clinical assessment of acute mountain sickness (AMS).
Periods of natriuresis occurred during ascent and descent, that during ascent being related to a fall in plasma aldosterone. Alterations in serum and urinary potassium suggested that potassium retention occurred during the ascent to altitude.
No significant correlation occurred between changes in renal function and the severity of AMS before the illness being clinically apparent. When this was so, the severity of AMS correlated with a decreasing urine output, increasing positive fluid balance and a decreasing excretion of sodium and potassium; these changes were produced in part by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate.