bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Categorical Torelli theorems for Gushel–Mukai threefolds
Authors: Jacovskis Augustinas , Lin Xun , Liu Zhiyu , Zhang Shizhuo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe show that a general ordinary Gushel–Mukai (GM) threefold can be reconstructed from its Kuznetsov component together with an extra piece of data coming from tautological subbundle of the Grassmannian . We also prove that determines the birational isomorphism class of , while determines the isomorphism class of a special GM threefold if it is general. As an application, we prove a conjecture of Kuznetsov–Perry in dimension 3 under a mild assumption. Finally, we use to restate a conjecture of Debarre–Iliev–Manivel regarding fibers of the period map for ordinary GM threefolds.
Multidisciplinary Design Methodology for Micro-Gas-Turbines—Part I: Reduced Order Component Design and Modeling
Authors: Badum Lukas , Schirrecker Felix , Cukurel Beni 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ultramicrogas turbines (UMGTs) for electric power generation up to 1 kW are a viable replacement technology for lithium batteries in drones due to their high energy density. Previous research has shown that small-scale effects disqualify conceptual design practices applied to larger gas turbines owing to highly coupled, nonlinear component interactions. To fill this gap, we propose an interdisciplinary conceptual design and analysis framework based on reduced order models. To this end, the current work is divided into two parts covering component design and system integration, analysis, and optimization. In Part I, automated conceptual design of all engine subcomponents is elaborated facilitating interdependent reduced order models for compressor, turbine, combustor and high-speed generator while also considering additive manufacturing constraints. In a second step, the reduced order performance models are compared to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Reynolds-averaged-Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations of various turbomachinery geometries as well as experimental data of combustor and high-speed generator prototypes, showing good agreement and thus validating the component modules. In conclusion, the first part of this work elaborates an automated and efficient method to conceptual design of all components required for a functional UMGT. Since the strategy is applicable independent of component arrangement and engine layout, the proposed methods offer a universal framework for small gas turbine generators.
Transient Thermal Spreading From a Circular Heat Source in Polygonal Flux Tubes
Authors: Goudarzi Sahar , Lam Lisa S. , S. Muzychka Yuri , Naterer Greg F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study develops a numerical simulation to assess transient constriction resistance in various semi-infinite flux channel geometries, including circle on circle, triangle, square, pentagon, and hexagon, which are derived from various heat source arrangements in a large domain. Using both isothermal and isoflux circular heat sources in polygonal flux channels, and employing a finite volume method, the study evaluates transient constriction resistance. The research confirms that for different geometries, similar nondimensionalized constriction resistance results are obtained, particularly when using the square root of the source area as the characteristic length and the square root of the constriction area ratio. The study reveals that flux tube shape has a minimal impact on thermal spreading resistance, with the circle-on-triangle configuration displaying the largest deviation from a simple circle-on-circle model. These insights advance our understanding of thermal spreading resistance in polygonal flux channels and their applications in thermal engineering, especially in contact heat transfer problems.
Thermal Spreading/Constriction From an Isothermal Source Into a Multilayer Orthotropic Semi-Infinite Flux Tube
Authors: Jain Ankur 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Thermal spreading and constriction have been widely studied due to relevance in heat transfer across interfaces with imperfect contact and problems such as microelectronics thermal management. Much of the past work in this field addresses an isoflux source, with relatively lesser work on the isothermal source problem, which is of much relevance to heat transfer across rough interfaces. This work presents an analytical solution for thermal spreading/constriction resistance that governs heat flow from an isothermal source into a multilayer orthotropic semi-infinite flux tube. The mixed boundary condition due to the isothermal source is accounted for by writing a convective boundary condition with an appropriately chosen spatially-varying Biot number. A series solution for the temperature field is derived, along with a set of linear algebraic equations for the series coefficients. An expression for the nondimensional thermal spreading resistance is derived for Cartesian and cylindrical problems. It is shown that, depending on the values of various nondimensional parameters, heat transfer in either the thin film or the flux tube may dominate and govern the overall thermal spreading resistance. Results for a single-layered isotropic flux tube are derived as a special case of the general result, for which, good agreement with past work is demonstrated. An easy-to-use polynomial fit for this special case is presented. This work contributes a novel technique for solving mixed boundary problems involving an isothermal source, and may also help solve practical problems related to interfacial heat transfre and thermal management.
Turbine Cavity Mainstream Ingestion Assessing Method Based on Penetration Depth Analysis
Authors: Xie Lei , Du Qiang , Liu Guang , Lian Zengyan , Xie Yaguang , Luo Yifu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The turbine cavity faces challenges from external mainstream ingestion, mitigated by sealing flow from the compressor side. Despite these efforts, achieving complete sealing remains difficult. This study focuses on introducing the ingress penetration depth δp as a novel perspective for evaluating the consequences of external ingestion in turbine cavities. Penetration depth describes how deeply the mainstream ingestion can affect the turbine cavity. The study commences with an examination of the flow within the turbine cavity, specifically highlighting the radial stratification resulting from external ingestion. The examination is grounded in detached eddy simulation (DES) results, which are subsequently validated through experimental data. The radial stratification characteristics observed lay the foundation for introducing the concept of penetration depth. Subsequently, the study proposes a criterion for assessing penetration depth, utilizing the radial distribution pattern of the swirl ratio. To incorporate the penetration depth into the evaluation of sealing effectiveness, a one-dimensional correlation of sealing effectiveness based on turbulent diffusion assumption is established and validated using experimental data from both the current study and existing literature. Based on the correlation method and the penetration depth, the study proposes a series-connected model. The series-connected model is segmented by the penetration depth δp: in regions where r&gt;δp, the one-dimensional correlation is applicable, while in regions where r&lt;δp, the lumped parameter models from existing literature remain valid. The series-connected model can be applied in future turbine cavity investigations and secondary air system reduced-order modeling.
Biological characteristics of mechanosensitive channels MscS and MscL in
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Wan Jiajia , Dai Lu , Xiao Huasong , Zhang Wendie , Zhang Rui , Xie Tingting , Jia Yizhen , Gao Xuejun , Huang Jing , Liu Feng 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
is an important respiratory pathogen that can cause porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP), resulting in significant economic losses in swine industry. Microorganisms are subjected to drastic changes in environmental osmolarity. In order to alleviate the drastic rise or fall of osmolarity, cells activate mechanosensitive channels MscL and MscS through tension changes. MscL not only regulates osmotic pressure but also has been reported to secrete protein and uptake aminoglycoside antibiotic. However, MscL and MscS, as the most common mechanosensitive channels, have not been characterized in
A. pleuropneumoniae
. In this study, the osmotic shock assay showed that MscL increased sodium adaptation by regulating cell length. The results of MIC showed that deletion of
mscL
decreased the sensitivity of
A. pleuropneumoniae
to multiple antibiotics, while deletion of
mscS
rendered
A. pleuropneumoniae
hypersensitive to penicillin. Biofilm assay demonstrated that MscL contributed the biofilm formation but MscS did not. The results of animal assay showed that MscL and MscS did not affect virulence
in vivo
. In conclusion, MscL is essential for sodium hyperosmotic tolerance, biofilm formation, and resistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, penicillin, and oxacillin. On the other hand, MscS is only involved in oxacillin resistance.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial resistance to the external environment is a critical function that ensures the normal growth of bacteria. MscL and MscS play crucial roles in responding to changes in both external and internal environments. However, the function of MscL and MscS in
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
has not yet been reported. Our study shows that MscL plays a significant role in osmotic adaptation, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation of
A. pleuropneumoniae
, while MscS only plays a role in antibiotic resistance. Our findings provide new insights into the functional characteristics of MscL and MscS in
A. pleuropneumoniae
. MscL and MscS play a role in antibiotic resistance and contribute to the development of antibiotics for
A. pleuropneumoniae
.
Genome sequence of
Alteromonas macleodii
strain OCN004 isolated from the extracellular mucus of an apparently healthy rice coral (
Montipora capitata
)
Authors: Weatherup Elizabeth F. , Videau Patrick , Ushijima Blake 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Alteromonas macleodii
strain OCN004, a marine gammaproteobacterium in the
Alteromonadaceae
family, has primarily been studied as a non-pathogenic negative control bacterium during laboratory infection trials to test the virulence of bacterial coral pathogens. The draft genome sequence of
A. macleodii
strain OCN004 is presented here.
Reconciling plate motion and faulting at a rift-rift-rift triple junction
Authors: Maestrelli Daniele , Sani Federico , Keir Derek , Pagli Carolina , Rosa Alessandro La , Muluneh Ameha Atnafu , Brune Sascha , Corti Giacomo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Rift-Rift-Rift triple junctions are regions where three plates interact, generating complex networks of variably oriented faults. While the geometry of the fault networks is easily constrained from their surface expression, what remains unclear is how the kinematics of faults and their interactions vary spatially, and how these relate to the unusual crustal motions that result from three plates diverging from each other. The Afar depression lies at the triple junction between the African, Arabian, and Somalian plates (in the Horn of Africa), where the unique combination of observational data from structural mapping, seismicity, and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) allows us to understand the link between fault kinematics and plate motions. We complement these observations with an analog model to gain insights into how the patterns and directions of faults relate to overall plate motions. A key finding in both the model and nature is that some adjacent normal faults form at high angles and generate T-shaped structures. These purely normal faults are synchronously active, which means that the extension direction varies ~90° locally. These kinematic contrasts in our model and in nature occur despite the relatively smooth pattern of overall surface motions. The results indicate that normal faults interacting at high angles to form the T-shaped structures can evolve synchronously within a stress field that varies gently in magnitude but dramatically in orientation over a few kilometers.
Effects of pre-exercise intake of plant- and animal-based foods on arterial function and aerobic exercise capacity in healthy young men: a randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Ishiwata Maho , Hata Urara , Hashimoto Yuto , Okamoto Takanobu 
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of plant- versus animal-based food intake before exercise on arterial function and subsequent aerobic exercise capacity. Eleven healthy adult males (mean age, 22.6 ± 1.8 years) participated in this study. A plant- or animal-based randomized meal type crossover comparison was conducted on separate days with a uniform protein, fat, and carbohydrate balance. Both carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), femoral–ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV), and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were measured as indexes of aortic and peripheral arterial stiffness and vascular endothelial function, respectively, before and at 120 min after the meal. After these measurements, maximal oxygen uptake was assessed using a graded power test on an electronically braked cycle ergometer. The results revealed that cfPWV was significantly lower, whereas FMD was significantly higher, at 120 min after compared with before the plant-based meal ( p = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). By contrast, cfPWV and FMD did not change at 120 min after compared with before the animal-based meal. In addition, faPWV did not change at 120 min after compared with before the meal for either meal type. Maximal oxygen uptake was higher in the plant- than in the animal-based meal type ( p = 0.02). These results suggest that pre-exercise plant-based food intake may improve central arterial stiffness and vascular endothelial function, which may have favorable implications for aerobic exercise capacity.
Bogdo–Baskunchak Nature Reserve as a geoheritage site
Authors: Vtorov Ivan P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The Bogdo–Baskunchak Nature Reserve is a geoheritage site in the Caspian Depression, near the Lower Volga River. The Salt Lake Baskunchak and the Mount Big Bogdo with the gypsum field are the main objects of interest. Local legends about this place and the history of salt mining and trading, as well as geological exploration, make this geoheritage site special. This natural landscape is intact, as seen by the first scientific expeditions of the eighteenth century organized by the Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts in St Petersburg. Reports and papers about this area are associated with Pallas, Humboldt, Murchison, Eichwald, Auerbach, Pravoslavlev, Efremov and other scientists and expeditions. Extensive research and important discoveries were made in this area, mostly in mineralogy, stratigraphy, palaeontology, sedimentology, salt tectonics, and mining. This area reflects its long history of exploration and could be a good example of organizing the protection of geological landmarks and monuments in arid regions. In 1916, a Russian law was passed giving the government rights to organize reserves (
zapovednik
) for scientific and cultural purposes in the most remarkable natural areas. Only in recent decades have geological monuments in Russia become specially protected sites.
Structural Basis for Multivalent MUC16 Recognition and Robust Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Activity of Humanized Antibody AR9.6
Authors: Aguilar Eric N. , Sagar Satish , Murray Brandy R. , Rajesh Christabelle , Lei Eric K. , Michaud Sarah A. , Goodlett David R. , Caffrey Thomas C. , Grandgenett Paul M. , Swanson Benjamin , Brooks Teresa M. , Black Adrian R. , van Faassen Henk , Hussack Greg , Henry Kevin A. , Hollingsworth Michael A. , Brooks Cory L. , Radhakrishnan Prakash 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Mucin-16 (MUC16) is a target for antibody-mediated immunotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) among other malignancies. The MUC16-specific monoclonal antibody AR9.6 has shown promise for PDAC immunotherapy and imaging. Here, we report the structural and biological characterization of the humanized AR9.6 antibody (huAR9.6). The structure of huAR9.6 was determined in complex with a MUC16 SEA (Sea urchin sperm, Enterokinase, Agrin) domain. Binding of huAR9.6 to recombinant, shed, and cell-surface MUC16 was characterized, and anti-PDAC activity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. HuAR9.6 bound a discontinuous, SEA domain epitope with an overall affinity of 88 nmol/L. Binding affinity depended on the specific SEA domain(s) present, and glycosylation modestly enhanced affinity driven by favorable entropy and enthalpy and via distinct transition state thermodynamic pathways. Treatment with huAR9.6 reduced the in vitro growth, migration, invasion, and clonogenicity of MUC16-positive PDAC cells and patient-derived organoids (PDO). HuAR9.6 blocked MUC16-mediated ErbB and AKT activation in PDAC cells, PDOs, and patient-derived xenografts and induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. More importantly, huAR9.6 treatment caused substantial PDAC regression in subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models. The mechanism of action of huAR9.6 may depend on dense avid binding to homologous SEA domains on MUC16. The results of this study validate the translational therapeutic potential of huAR9.6 against MUC16-positive PDACs.
Differential Pacing Maneuver From the Vein of Marshall
Authors: Kawaguchi Naohiko , Tanaka Yasuaki , Okubo Kenji , Tachibana Shinichi , Nakashima Emiko , Takagi Katsumasa , Hikita Hiroyuki , Sasano Tetsuo , Takahashi Atsushi 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Bidirectional mitral isthmus (MI) block is conventionally verified by differential pacing from the coronary sinus (CS) and its sequence change. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of differential pacing from the vein of Marshall (VOM) to detect epicardial MI connections.

METHODS:
Radiofrequency and VOM ethanol MI ablation were performed with a VOM electrode catheter inserted to the septal side of the ablation line. MI block was verified using conventional CS pacing. To perform differential VOM pacing analysis, initial pacing was delivered from a distal VOM bipole closer to the block line, and then from a proximal VOM bipole. The intervals from pacing stimulus during different VOM pacing sites to the electrogram recorded through the CS catheter on the opposite side of the line were compared. When the interval during distal VOM pacing was longer than that during proximal VOM pacing, it indicated a VOM connection block; however, if the former interval was shorter, the connection through the VOM was considered persistent.

RESULTS:

Overall, 50 patients were evaluated. According to CS pacing, MI ablation was incomplete in 9 patients, in whom the analysis indicated persistent VOM connection. Among 41 patients with complete MI block, confirmed by CS finding, in 30 (73%) patients, the interval during distal VOM pacing was longer than that during proximal VOM pacing by 11±5 ms. However, in 11 patients (27%) the former interval was revealed to be shorter than the latter by 16±8 ms, indicating residual VOM connection. Conduction time across the line was significantly shorter in 11 patients than in the other 30 (166±21 versus 197±36 ms;
P
<0.01). Ten successful reevaluated analyses after VOM ethanol and further radiofrequency ablation of the connection indicated VOM block achievement.

CONCLUSIONS:
Differential VOM pacing maneuver reflects the VOM conduction status. This maneuver can uncover residual epicardial connections that are missing with CS pacing.
Targeting NPM1 Epigenetically Promotes Postinfarction Cardiac Repair by Reprogramming Reparative Macrophage Metabolism
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Zhang Yunkai , Duan Xuewen , Wang Bo , Zhan Zhenzhen 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Reparative macrophages play a crucial role in limiting excessive fibrosis and promoting cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI), highlighting the significance of enhancing their reparative phenotype for wound healing. Metabolic adaptation orchestrates the phenotypic transition of macrophages; however, the precise mechanisms governing metabolic reprogramming of cardiac reparative macrophages remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of NPM1 (nucleophosmin 1) in the metabolic and phenotypic shift of cardiac macrophages in the context of MI and explored the therapeutic effect of targeting NPM1 for ischemic tissue repair.

METHODS:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from healthy individuals and patients with MI to explore NPM1 expression and its correlation with prognostic indicators. Through RNA sequencing, metabolite profiling, histology, and phenotype analyses, we investigated the role of NPM1 in postinfarct cardiac repair using macrophage-specific NPM1 knockout mice. Epigenetic experiments were conducted to study the mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming and phenotype transition of NPM1-deficient cardiac macrophages. The therapeutic efficacy of antisense oligonucleotide and inhibitor targeting NPM1 was then assessed in wild-type mice with MI.

RESULTS:

NPM1 expression was upregulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with MI that closely correlated with adverse prognostic indicators of MI. Macrophage-specific NPM1 deletion reduced infarct size, promoted angiogenesis, and suppressed tissue fibrosis, in turn improving cardiac function and protecting against adverse cardiac remodeling after MI. Furthermore, NPM1 deficiency boosted the reparative function of cardiac macrophages by shifting macrophage metabolism from the inflammatory glycolytic system to oxygen-driven mitochondrial energy production. The oligomeric NPM1 recruited histone demethylase KDM5b to the promoter of
Tsc1
(
TSC complex subunit 1
), the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) complex inhibitor, reduced histone H3K4me3 modification, and inhibited TSC1 expression, which then facilitated mTOR-related inflammatory glycolysis and antagonized the reparative function of cardiac macrophages. The in vivo administration of antisense oligonucleotide targeting NPM1 or oligomerization inhibitor NSC348884 substantially ameliorated tissue injury and enhanced cardiac recovery in mice after MI.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings uncover the key role of epigenetic factor NPM1 in impeding postinfarction cardiac repair by remodeling metabolism pattern and impairing the reparative function of cardiac macrophages. NPM1 may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and a valuable therapeutic target for heart failure after MI.