bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to Electrode Rewarming After Cryoablation Predicts Lesion Size
Authors: PARVEZ BABAR , GOLDBERG SCOTT M. , PATHAK VISHESH , SCHUBERT CHRISTINE M. , WOOD MARK A. 
Published: June 2007

Introduction: There are no methods in clinical use to assess tissue cooling during catheter cryoablation. Cryoablation electrode temperature may be a poor predictor of lesion size. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the time necessary for the cryoablation electrode to cool to target temperature or to rewarm after cryoablation can predict lesion size. Methods and Results: Cryoablation was performed on live porcine left ventricle in a saline bath (37°C) using 8‐mm‐tip catheter. Cryoablation was given for 300 seconds under all permutations of the following conditions: electrode orientation vertical or horizontal, contact pressure 6 or 20 g, superfusate flow over electrode–tissue interface at 0.2 or 0.4 m/s (N = 10 each condition set, total 80 experiments). The time intervals necessary to cool the electrode to the target temperature of −75°C and to rewarm to + 30°C after termination of cryoablation were recorded. Lesion volume was predicted best by the time necessary to rewarm the elctrode to +30°C (r2= 0.65, P < 0.0001), followed by electrode temperature (r2= 0.28, P < 0.0001) and time to cool the electrode to −75°C (r2= 0.24, P < 0.0001). Time to +30°C and time to −75°C were associated with superfusate flow rate, contact pressure, and electrode orientation (r2= 0.80 and 0.61, respectively, both P < 0.0001). Superfusate flow rate, contact pressure, and orientation were also highly predictive of lesion volume (r2= 0.93, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Time to cryoablation electrode rewarming is a better predictor of cryoablation lesion size than is electrode temperature. Time to cryoablation electrode rewarming reflects important determinants of cryoablation lesion formation—convective warming, contact pressure, and electrode orientation—that are not ascertainable during clinical ablation procedures.
Postprandial Augmentation of Bradycardia‐Dependent ST Elevation in Patients with Brugada Syndrome
Authors: MIZUMAKI KOICHI , FUJIKI AKIRA , NISHIDA KUNIHIRO , IWAMOTO JOTARO , SAKAMOTO TAMOTSU , SAKABE MASAO , TSUNEDA TAKAYUKI , SUGAO MASATAKA , INOUE HIROSHI 
Published: June 2007

Introduction
: In patients with Brugada syndrome, the circadian variation of ST elevation could be modulated by the autonomic nervous activity and RR interval. Recently, glucose‐induced insulin secretion was also reported to contribute to fluctuation of ST elevation. Therefore, we assessed the effects of taking meals on the ST‐RR relationship in the daily life of patients with Brugada syndrome. Methods and Results: Twenty‐eight patients with Brugada syndrome, who had the type I ST elevation, were categorized into 12 symptomatic and 16 asymptomatic patients. Unipolar lead (V2) Holter ECG was recorded and ST‐RR relationships for a 2‐hour period were compared before and after each meal. From ST‐RR linear regression lines, ST‐RR slope (mm/sec) and ST(mm) at RR intervals of both 0.6 seconds and 1.2 seconds (ST(0.6) and ST(1.2)) were determined. The ST‐RR slope increased significantly after lunch (2.6 ± 0.4 vs 4.4 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) and dinner (2.1 ± 1.0 vs 5.2 ± 1.9, P < 0.01) in symptomatic patients, but not in asymptomatic patients. In both groups, ST(0.6) was not different before or after each meal. However, ST(1.2) increased after each meal in symptomatic patients. After dinner, ST(1.2) was significantly higher in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients (5.0 ± 2.7 vs 3.6 ± 0.8, P < 0.05). Postprandial increase in both ST‐RR slope and ST(1.2) was greatest at dinner in symptomatic patients; however, this tendency was not seen in asymptomatic patients. Conclusions: In symptomatic patients with Brugada syndrome, bradycardia‐dependent augmentation of ST elevation was enhanced for the postprandial period, especially after dinner. This could be related to occurrence of ventricular fibrillation in the late evening.
Changes in the QT Intervals, QT Dispersion, and Amplitude of T Waves after Hemodialysis
Authors: Drighil Abdenasser , Madias John E. , Benjelloun Meryem , Kamoum Hanane , Bennis Ahmed , Azzouzi Leila , Yazidi Asma , Ramdani Benyouness 
Published: June 2007

Background: Increased QT dispersion (QTd) has been associated with an increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in the general population and in various clinical states. Methods: We investigated the impact of hemodialysis (HD) on QT, QTd, and T‐wave amplitude in subjects with end‐stage renal failure. Data on 49 patients on chronic HD were studied. The QT, QTd, and the sum of amplitude of T waves (ΣT) in millimetre in the 12 ECG leads, along with a host of other ECG parameters, body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, electrolytes, and hemoglobin/hematocrit were measured before and immediately after HD. Results: QT decreased (380.9 ± 38.4–363.5 ± 36.8 ms, P = 0.001), the QTc did not change (406.2 ± 30.8–405.4 ± 32.2 ms, P = 0.8), the QTd increased (31.3 ± 14.6–43.9 ± 18.6 ms, P = 0.003), and the ΣT decreased (32.3 ± 15.7–25.9 ± 12.6 mm, P = 0.0001) after HD. There was no correlation between the change in QTd and the changes in serum cations, heart rate, the subjects' weight, T‐wave duration, and ΣT. However, the change in QTc correlated inversely with the change in serum Ca++ (r =−0.339, P = 0.021). Conclusion: QTd increased, the ΣT decreased, and the QTc and T‐wave duration remained stable, after HD. The QTd increase, although may be real, could also reflect measurement errors stemming from the decrease in the amplitude of T waves (as shown recently), imparted by HD; this requires clarification, to use QTd in patient on HD.
The Multifocal Electroretinogram (mfERG) in porcine eyes‐ establishment, sensitivity and functional implications of induced retinal lesions
Authors: Voss Kyhn Maria C. 
Published: June 2007

Electrophysiological methods have been practiced in ophthalmology for many years. In 1992 Sutter and Tran introduced the mulitfocal technique, which enables recording of electrical currents deriving from very localized parts of the retina (Sutter & Tran, 1992). Multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) has been used in animal studies, mostly in rodents and nonhuman primates, but also in pigs (Lalonde et al., 2006). The latter without the use of retinal photo monitoring during mfERG recording, rendering an exact correlation to specific retinal changes impossible.By modifying the experimental set‐up, as well as the settings of the mfERG software, reproducible recordings on anesthetised pigs were obtained, during continuous photo monitoring of the fundus area (Kyhn et al., 2007). The mfERG response obtained from the porcine retina, was characterized by the same three amplitude deflections also described in studies on human retinas: N1, P1 and N2 (Hood et al., 2000). mfERG responses that derived within the visual streak of the porcine retina were characterized by significantly faster implicit times and higher amplitudes of all three peaks, when compared to responses deriving within the inferior, less cone‐rich part of the retina. The spatial resolution of the developed mfERG protocol enables detection of retinal areas of reduced functionality of a size equal to or larger than 1.2 mm. In the acute‐ as well as in the late‐phase significant reduction of all the peak amplitudes was observed after retinal laser photocoagulation. The implicit times were less influenced by the treatment. This corresponded to the marked central tissue destruction found histologically.The following surgical steps gain surgical access to the sub‐retinal space: vitrectomy, retinal detachment bleb formation, retinal diathermia and retinotomy. The extension and sizes of these interventions, necessary to perform subsequent surgery in the sub‐retinal space, all caused a statistically non‐significant tendency towards reduced amplitudes within the first post‐operative week. Only retinal diathermia significantly prolonged the implicit time of one peak (N1) after one week of observation. The functional consequences of the surgical procedures were all found to cause reversible changes in the mfERG within a six weeks observation period. Thus these findings indicate that in experimental sub‐retinal surgery on pigs, any mfERG change found six weeks postoperatively could be attributed to other factors than the surgical access to the sub‐retinal space. This renders the described animal model and mfERG‐protocol applicable in future experiments regarding pathology, treatment, surgery and stem cell transplantation in retina as well as in the sub‐retinal space of the porcine eye.
Schizophrenia trials in China: a survey
Authors: Chakrabarti A. , Adams C. E. , Rathbone J. , Wright J. , Xia J. , Wong W. , Von Reibnitz P. , Koenig C. , Baier S. , Pfeiffer C. , Blatter J. , Mantz M. , Kloeckner K. 
Published: June 2007

Objective:  China's biomedical research activity is increasing and this literature is becoming more accessible online. Our aim was to survey all randomized control schizophrenia trials (RCTs) in one Chinese bibliographic database.Method:  Chinese Academic Journals was electronically searched for RCTs and all relevant citations were also sought on PubMed to ascertain global accessibility.Results:  The search identified 3275 records, of which 982 were RCTs relevant to schizophrenia. A total of 71% (699) could be found by using English phrases. All the main body of text of the 982 papers was in Mandarin. On average, these trials involved about 100 people, with interventions and outcome measures familiar to schizophrenia trialists worldwide. Four of the 982 records (<1%) were identified on PubMed.Conclusion:  Those undertaking systematic reviews should search the Chinese literature for relevant material. Failing to do this will leave the results of systematic reviews prone to random error or bias, or both.
Surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis using a bone substitute with or without a resorbable membrane: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Roos‐Jansåker Ann‐Marie , Renvert Helena , Lindahl Christel , Renvert Stefan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this prospective cohort study was to compare two regenerative surgical treatment modalities for peri‐implantitis.Material and Methods: Thirty‐six patients having a minimum of one osseointegrated implant, with a progressive loss of bone amounting to 3 threads (1.8 mm) following the first year of healing, combined with bleeding and/or pus on probing, were involved in this study. The patients were assigned to two different treatment strategies. After surgical exposure of the defect, granulomatous tissue was removed and the infected implant surface was treated using 3% hydrogen peroxide. The bone defects were filled with a bone substitute (Algipore®). In 17 patients (Group 1), a resorbable membrane (Osseoquest®) was placed over the grafted defect before suturing. In 19 patients (Group 2), the graft was used alone.Results: One‐year follow‐up demonstrated clinical and radiographic improvements. Probing depths were reduced by 2.9 mm in Group 1 and by 3.4 mm in Group 2. Defect fill amounted to 1.5 and 1.4 mm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups.Conclusion: It is possible to treat peri‐implant defects with a bone substitute, with or without a resorbable membrane.
Post‐transplant EBV‐negative anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma with dual rearrangement: a propos of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Magro Cynthia M. , Weinerman David J. , Porcu Pierre Luigi , Morrison Carl D. 
Published: June 2007

Background:  Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a recognized complication of the immunosuppressive regimens associated with solid organ transplantation. The vast majority of these lesions represent monomorphic B‐cell lymphoproliferative disease. Rarely, however, T‐cell malignancies may emerge, the commonest being anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (ALCL).Materials and methods:  We describe two patients who developed a post‐transplant ALCL several years after transplantation. Comprehensive phenotypic and molecular studies were conducted. The technique of capillary gel electrophoresis was employed.Results:  One patient died of unrelated causes, while the other patient did achieve clinical remission. The neoplastic cell populace was composed of CD4‐positive cytotoxic T cells exhibiting CD30 positivity. There were very few B cells. Striking and prominent clonally restricted infiltrates were identified whereby there was both a heavy chain and T‐cell beta gene rearrangement. There was no evidence of lytic Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection.Conclusion:  T‐cell‐associated PTLD does not appear to be directly attributable to EBV infection. Iatrogenic immune dysregulation may result in excessive T‐cell proliferation to various antigenic stimuli, hence resembling other drug‐associated cell lymphoproliferative conditions such as angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. The dual rearrangement may have some implications regarding the cell of origin.
Developmental biology and genetics of dental malformations
Authors: Hu JC‐C , Simmer JP 
Published: June 2007

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Hu JC‐C, Simmer JPThe synthesis of tooth development biology with human studies focusing on inherited conditions that specifically interfere with tooth development is improving our understanding of normal and pathological tooth formation. The type of inherited dental malformations observed in a given kindred relate to when, during odontogenesis, the defective gene is critically expressed. Information about the protein encoded by the defective gene and the resulting dental phenotype helps us understand the major processes underway at different stages during tooth development. Genes affecting early tooth development (PAX9, MSX1, and AXIN2) are associated with familial tooth agenesis or oligodontia. Genes expressed by odontoblasts (COL1A1, COL1A2, and DSPP), and ameloblasts (AMELX, ENAM, MMP20, and KLK4) during the crown formation stage, are associated with dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, and amelogenesis imperfecta. Late genes expressed during root formation (ALPL and DLX3) are associated with cementum agenesis (hypophosphatasia) and taurodontism. Understanding the relationships between normal tooth development and the dental pathologies associated with inherited diseases improves our ability to diagnose and treat patients suffering the manifestations of inherited dental disorders.
Treacher Collins syndrome
Authors: Dixon J , Trainor P , Dixon MJ 
Published: June 2007

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Dixon J, Trainor P, Dixon MJTreacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is an autosomal dominant disorder of craniofacial development which results from loss‐of‐function mutations in the gene TCOF1. TCOF1 encodes the nucleolar phosphoprotein, Treacle, which plays a key role in pre‐ribosomal processing and ribosomal biogenesis. In mice, haploinsufficiency of Tcof1 results in a depletion of neural crest cell precursors through high levels of cell death in the neuroepithelium, which results in a reduced number of neural crest cells migrating into the developing craniofacial complex. These combined advances have already impacted on clinical practice and provide invaluable resources for the continued dissection of the developmental basis of TCS.
Esthetic Treatment Planning: The Grid Analysis System
Authors: NAYLOR CRAIG KIRKHAM 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIt is sometimes difficult to identify esthetic problems let alone pre‐visualize an esthetic end‐result. The Esthetic Grid Analysis is a system for analyzing the basic problems that detract from the concept of an attractive smile. A photograph is taken of the anterior teeth with the lips retracted. The upper and lower frame of the photograph is aligned parallel with the interpupillary line, assuming that the interpupillary line is parallel with the horizon. Where this is not the case, the vertical margins of the photograph are aligned parallel with the facial midline. Through orienting the photograph to the facial guidelines and incorporating the idealized positions of the incisal plane, highest Upline, midline axis, and proportionate contact areas, a grid is formed. The grid built from these components provides a method of demonstrating deviations from an esthetic arrangement of anterior teeth.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIntegrating facial guidelines with the dental composition using a grid highlights deviations from the ideal. It thereby assists in the treatment planning process by communicating esthetic problems to the patient, laboratory personnel, and other specialists.
Public Preferences for Anterior Tooth Variations: A Web‐Based Study
Authors: ROSENSTIEL STEPHEN F. , RASHID ROBERT G. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine the public's preferences for five esthetic variations, with the goal of linking preferences to demographic data such as age, gender, country of residence, and race. Materials and Methods: Using photo‐editing software, five pairs of images with anterior tooth variations were put on a Web page with forms to collect demographic data and ranking of the image pairs. Opinions were solicited by sending out a large number of e‐mails with a short study description and an invitation to access the Web page. The responses were tabulated and analyzed with logistic regression (alpha = 0.05). Results: Valid responses were received from 2185 computer users in 45 countries. Because of the small number of respondents from most countries, only the responses from the United States and Canada (n = 1934) were analyzed. Variables collected were birth date, gender, race or ethnic background, and last dental visit. Analysis indicated that different variables were significant for different questions. Last dental visit and the interaction of gender and race were not significant in any of the models. Strongest preferences concerned diastema and midline shift and the weakest concerned whiteness and proportion. The largest minority view was the straight embrasures. Statistically significant differences were attributable to age, gender, and race. Females had stronger preferences in all conditions. Respondents younger than 40 years of age had stronger preferences for whiteness and against diastema, and whites strongly rejected the diastema.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis study provides guidelines about the public's preferences concerning some commonly encountered conditions in esthetic dentistry.
Effect of Resin‐Coating Technique on Dentin Tensile Bond Strengths over 3 Years
Authors: KITASAKO YUICHI , BURROW MICHAEL F. , NIKAIDO TORU , TAGAMI JUNJI 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT Purpose: The resin‐coating technique has been developed to protect prepared dentin and underlying pulp tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resin‐coated dentin bond durability over a period of 3 years of a resin cement and to compare it with two representative resin cements. Materials and Methods: Ten bovine dentin specimens were tested for tensile bond strengths with each of the following three materials: CLAPEARL DC with a resin‐coating technique (CDRC), Panavia 21 (PA21), and Super Bond C&B (SBCB) at 1 day, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years. Mean bond strengths were compared statistically by two‐way analysis of variance and Fisher's PLSD test (p <.05). The mode of failure was classified by scanning electron microscope observation and analyzed using the Mann‐Whitney U‐test. Results: The 3‐year bond strengths of all resin cements were significantly lower than those at the other experimental periods except for 1 year (p <.05). There was no significant difference in mean bond strength between CDRC and SBCB (p > 05). Regarding the fracture modes, in the case of CDRC, an increase in adhesive failure at the resin‐dentin interface was observed as the time period lengthened. Statistical differences were observed between SBCB and the other materials at 1 year (p <.05) and between PA21 and the other materials at 3 years (p <.05).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe mean tensile bond strengths of the three resin cements to dentin decreased at different rates during the study; the rate at which the bond decreases is likely to affect the long‐term durability of restorations.
Spline™ Implant Prospective Multicenter Study: Interim Report on Prosthetic Screw Stability in Partially Edentulous Patients
Authors: VOGEL ROBERT E. , DAVLIAKOS JOHN P. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTLoosening of implant abutment and prosthesis screws during functional loading is an industrywide phenomenon that is especially well documented with the external hexagon implant connection. Although numerous efforts to reduce or eliminate screw loosening have been attempted, the problem still persists, especially with implant restorations in the partially edentulous patient. In 1992, the spline was developed as an alternative to the external hexagon implant‐abutment connection. A prospective multicenter study was begun in 1996 to evaluate the abutment and prosthesis screw joint stability of Spline® dental implants (Centerpulse Dental Division, Carlsbad, California) over 5 years of post‐loading clinical follow‐up. From October 1996 to December 2000, 73 partially edentulous patients were consecutively treated with 113 Spline implants placed in two private dental practices. Three patients with 1 implant each withdrew from the study for various reasons; of the remaining 110 implants in 70 patients who continued in the study, 82% (n = 90) were placed between 1997 and 1998. No cases of abutment or prosthesis screw loosening occurred with up to 54 months (mean = 38.95 mo; range, 3–54 mo; mode, 20 mo) of post‐loading clinical follow‐up. These interim findings of the ongoing study suggest that Spline dental implants may provide a stable prosthetic connection in partially edentulous cases during short‐term clinical follow‐up.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIf left untreated, implant‐related screw loosening can potentially lead to bone loss, component breakage, and even implant failure. The results of this study suggest that the Spline implant may provide predictable screw joint stability in partially edentulous cases.
Esthetic Rehabilitation of Anterior Teeth Affected by Enamel Hypoplasia: A Case Report
Authors: SOARES CARLOS JOSÉ , FONSECA RODRIGO BORGES , MARTINS LUIS ROBERTO MARCONDES , GIANNINI MARCELO 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAlterations during tooth structure formation, mainly on anterior teeth, are known to severely compromise esthetics. This article presents a case report in which the etiology and clinical characteristics of anterior teeth affected by enamel hypoplasia are analyzed. The restoration treatment sequence is also discussed, demonstrating that the use of a hybrid and a microfilled composite associated with tooth hybridization (interdiffusing zone) can be used to conservatively rehabilitate a smile.