bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on mechanical behavior of engineered cementitious composites incorporating alkali‐resistant glass fiber and quarry dust
Authors: Ramya V. , Vijayaprabha C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAt present, engineered cementitious composites (ECC) are rapidly replacing ordinary concrete in the building production due to its superior durability and mechanical qualities. Enormous researches have been done on ECC incorporating various fibers, industrial wastes, supplementary cementitious materials and super plasticizers. As far as fiber is concerned, poly vinyl alcohol fiber was widely explored. In this study, attempt has been made to involve alkali resistant glass fiber as a replacement for poly vinyl alcohol fiber. In addition, the high rate related with ECC as a result of the utilization of micro‐sized silica sand has restricted its extensive pertinences. Thus, this study recommends utilization of quarry dust to replace fine silica sand in the ECC at amounts ranging from 0% to 100% in order to establish a green, sustainable and cost‐effective ECC. The flowability and mechanical demeanor of the ECC mixtures in terms of the tensile, compressive and flexural properties were evaluated. It is arrived that 2% of volume fraction would be the optimum dosage by which better mechanical properties can be achieved. As a result of the present research findings, it is found that the quarry dust could be a better substitute for silica sand up to 75% without any compromise in compressive and flexural strengths. To attain higher tensile qualities, however, it might not be appropriate to replace more than 50% of the silica sand with quarry dust. Cost analysis of the ECC mixtures show that using quarry dust as aggregate is both cost‐effective and sustainable.
Synergistic redox reactions toward co‐production of H2O2 and value‐added chemicals: Dual‐functional photocatalysis to achieving sustainability
Authors: Su Brenden Jing , Foo Joel Jie , Ling Grayson Zhi Sheng , Ong Wee‐Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntegrating H2O2 evolution with oxidative organic synthesis in a semiconductor‐driven photoredox reaction is highly attractive since H2O2 and high‐value chemicals can be concurrently produced using solar light as the only energy input. The dual‐functional photocatalytic approach, free from sacrificial agents, enables simultaneous production of H2O2 and high‐value organic chemicals. This strategy promises a green and sustainable organic synthesis with minimal greenhouse gas emissions. In this review, we first elucidate the fundamental principles of cooperative photoredox integration of H2O2 synthesis and selective organic oxidation with simultaneous utilization of photoexcited electrons and holes over semiconductor‐based photocatalysts. Afterwards, a thorough review on the recent advancements of cooperative photoredox synthesis of H2O2 and value‐added chemicals is presented. Notably, in‐depth discussions and insights into the techniques for unravelling the photoredox reaction mechanisms are elucidated. Finally, critical challenges and prospects in this thriving field are comprehensively discussed. It is envisioned that this review will serve as a pivotal guidance on the rational design of such dual‐functional photocatalytic system, thereby further stimulating the development of economical and environmentally benign H2O2 and high‐value chemicals production.
Genome‐wide identification and functional profile analysis of long non‐coding RNAs in Avicennia marina
Authors: Wang Lingling , Yuan Zixin , Wang Jingyi , Guan Yali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAvicennia marina, known for its remarkable adaptability to the challenging coastal environment, including high salinity, tide, and anaerobic soils, holds pivotal functions in safeguarding the coastal ecosystem. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as significant players in various natural processes of plants such as development. However, lncRNAs in A. marina remain largely unknown and uncharacterized. Here, we employed the transcriptome datasets from multiple tissues, such as root, leaf, and seed, to detect and characterize the lncRNAs of A. marina. Analyzing synthetically, we finally identified 6333 lncRNAs in the A. marina. These lncRNAs exhibited distinct features compared to messenger RNAs, including larger exons, lower guanine‐cytosine contents, lower expression levels, and higher tissue specificities. Moreover, we identified thousands of tissue‐specific lncRNAs across the examined tissues and further found that these tissue‐specific lncRNAs were significantly enriched in biological processes related to the major functions of their corresponding tissues. For instance, leaf‐specific lncRNAs showed prominent enrichment in photosynthesis, oxidation–reduction processes, and light harvesting. By providing a comprehensive dataset and functional annotations for A. marina lncRNAs, this study offers a valuable overview of lncRNAs in A. marina and lays the fundamental foundation for further functional exploring of them.
Using Intentional Pairing and Peer Tutoring during Structured Literacy Activities in Inclusion Classrooms
Authors: Alexander K. Lea 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMore and more students with learning disabilities and other diverse learners are placed for instruction in general education classrooms, which often leaves teachers grappling to design successful peer interactions and literacy activities to meet the needs of all learners in their classrooms. As the shift is made to align literacy instruction to the Science of Reading (SoR), it is vital for teachers to provide relevant and engaging learning opportunities for all students. In this article, several strategies are offered for intentionally pairing diverse learners and their typically developing peers to provide successful structured peer tutoring experiences during literacy activities in inclusion classrooms.
CSI Launches Autism Mentorship STEM Program
Authors: Elfman Lois 
Published: April 2024

As the academic year got underway, Dr. Kristen Gillespie‐Lynch launched Making Mentors: Enhancing Access to STEM Careers for Autistic Youth through Mentorship Programs and Makerspaces. Gillespie‐Lynch, Associate Professor of Psychology and Director of Project REACH at the College of Staten Island (CSI), is partnering with the Education Development Center (EDC) and New York University's (NYU) Maker Program on this project, which is funded by a $1.3 million grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Ultrasonographic findings of a rare case of splenic rupture and torsion in a dog
Authors: Hummel Iris , Hubers Mike , Bosma Femke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 7‐year‐old dog presented with acute lethargy, anorexia and vomiting. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a hypoechoic mass lesion in the left abdomen, characterised by a hilum‐like structure and intraparenchymal gas. A mild amount of hyperechoic peritoneal effusion was present. An apparently normal spleen was visualised, which was not associated with the described mass lesion. Surgery revealed a presumed previously ruptured and separated spleen. The caudal portion of the spleen was acutely torsed and there was a mild amount of peritoneal fluid present. Histopathology confirmed splenic torsion of the previously ruptured and separated caudal splenic segment. Bacterial culture of the peritoneal effusion after enrichment indicated Staphylococcus aureus. The patient recovered successfully and maintained excellent clinical conditions at 14‐month follow‐up. Splenic torsion of a ruptured splenic segment should be considered as a differential diagnosis for an emphysematous mass containing a hilum‐like structure in the abdomen in dogs.
Authoritarianism and majoritarian religious nationalism in contemporary India
Authors: Islam Maidul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis first article in the 2024 World Affairs special issue examines the Narendra Modi regime in India. Often acerbic political rhetoric is attached to official policies of the regime, creating fear and hopelessness within sections of the population. In this study, five sets of political activities of the government are evaluated. First, cultural authoritarianism became apparent with complicity toward “cow vigilantism,” slapping sedition charges against those showing political dissent, banning the history books of selected progressives, and stereotyping sections of the left and liberals as antinationals. Second, the demonetization policy was implemented without adequately following the economic protocols of the state. Third, the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Bill indicates the thwarting of democratic and federalist ideas. Fourth, the Citizenship Amendment Act and the National Register of Citizens exercise in Assam demonstrate the communal‐fascist worldview of the regime in profiling population groups. Finally, the sloppy handling of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the new Information Technology rules show the government's callous approach toward science and privacy. By analyzing such political activities, the article points out that majoritarian religious nationalism, coupled with authoritarianism, has been the ideological expression of the Modi regime, coexisting with both state surveillance and electoral democracy.
Keeper effect: Animals are more active in the presence of their caretakers
Authors: Pacheco Eridia , Krebs Bethany L. , Watters Jason V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZookeepers are the primary caretakers of animals, providing daily care through frequent and close interactions. From the animal's perspective, most of these daily interactions are likely to have positive outcomes. With consistent and reliable interactions, a human–animal relationship is expected to develop. Our aim of this study was to investigate if the presence of the primary keeper in the public viewing area of zoo exhibits impacts the behavior of animals. We observed the behavior of 15 individuals of six species in the presence and absence of their primary keeper. Overall, we observed animals being more active in their keeper's presence than when the keeper was not present. When we considered if the keeper was nearby around times of offered opportunities to animals (e.g., feeding, enrichment, and training), our results showed that animals were equally as active when the keeper was present before an opportunity and when no opportunity was offered. These equal activity levels imply that the keeper is a cue for a forthcoming event to the animals, which reflects anticipatory behavior. Overall, we demonstrate that keeper presence is an environmental context in which animals behave differently than in keeper absence.
Einleitung
Authors: Bogumil Jörg , Gehne David H. , Süß Louisa Anna 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der kommunalen Selbstverwaltung nehmen Bürgermeister als Gallionsfiguren eine besondere Rolle ein (vgl. Gehne 2012, S. 10; Bogumil und Holtkamp 2023, S. 118). Ihre institutionelle Position als „Führungskraft zwischen Bürgerschaft, Rat und Verwaltung“ (Gehne 2012) verbindet verschiedene Arenen der kommunalen Ebene. Zusätzlich verfügen Bürgermeister über eine große räumliche und soziale Nähe zu Bürgern und genießen in der Regel ein höheres Vertrauen in der Bevölkerung als weitere Akteure des politischen Systems (vgl. Gehne et al. 2019, S. 7). Während sich die politikwissenschaftliche Forschung immer wieder mit hauptamtlichen Bürgermeistern beschäftigt (vgl. Egner 2007; Gehne 2012; Heinelt et al. 2018a, b), bleiben ihre ehrenamtlichen Kollegen, die besonders im ländlichen Raum zu finden sind, außen vor. Der ehrenamtliche Bürgermeister ist ein unbekanntes Wesen.
Institutioneller Rahmen
Authors: Bogumil Jörg , Gehne David H. , Süß Louisa Anna 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDer institutionelle Rahmen für ehrenamtliche Bürgermeister in den einzelnen Bundesländern zeigt in vielen Bereichen deutliche Varianzen auf. Dies betrifft die in den Kommunalverfassungen festgeschriebenen Aufgaben und Kompetenzen, das Wahlverfahren, die allgemeine Organisation der unteren kommunalen Ebene und die Eingliederung in zwischen der Gemeinde und dem Kreis angeordnete Verwaltungsgemeinschaften. Trotz dieser strukturellen Unterschiede zeigen sich in der Praxis Gemeinsamkeiten für die Ausübung des Amtes eines eBm, die in Kap. 5 beschrieben werden.
Zusammenfassung und Handlungsvorschläge
Authors: Bogumil Jörg , Gehne David H. , Süß Louisa Anna 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung6451 aller Gemeinden in Deutschland haben einen eBm, damit sind in der Fläche gesehen die deutliche Mehrheit der Bürgermeister (60 %) in Deutschland ehrenamtlich tätig. Es gibt allerdings klar sichtbare regionale Schwerpunkte der eBm in Deutschland im Norden und Nordosten (Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Teile von Niedersachsen) und im Südwesten vor allem in Rheinland-Pfalz und im Südosten in Bayern. Dagegen gibt es in Baden-Württemberg nur sehr wenige Gemeinden mit eBm und in drei Bundesländern (NRW, Hessen und im Saarland) gar keine.
The global B − L symmetry in the flavor-unified SU(N) theories
Authors: Chen Ning , Mao Ying-nan , Teng Zhaolong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the origin of the global B − L symmetry in a class of flavor-unified theories with gauge groups of SU(N ≥ 6). In particular, we focus on the SU(8) theory which can minimally embed three-generational SM fermions non-trivially. A reformulation of the third law for the flavor sector proposed by Georgi is useful to manifest the underlying global symmetries. The ’t Hooft anomaly matching and the generalized neutrality conditions for Higgs fields play the key roles in defining the B − L symmetry. Based on the global B − L symmetry, we count the Higgs fields that can develop the VEVs and the massless sterile neutrinos in the SU(8) theory. We also prove that a global B − L symmetry can always be defined in any SU(N ≥ 6) theory when it is spontaneously broken to the SM gauge symmetry.
Bs → μ+μ− in a two-Higgs-doublet model with flavour-changing up-type Yukawa couplings
Authors: Lang Martin S. , Nierste Ulrich 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present a Two-Higgs-Doublet Model in which the structure of the quark Yukawa matrices is governed by three spurions breaking the flavour symmetries of the quark Yukawa sector. The model naturally suppresses flavour-changing neutral current (FCNC) amplitudes in the down-type sector, but permits sizable FCNC couplings in the up sector. We calculate the branching ratio of Bs → μ+μ− to leading and next-to-leading order of QCD for the case with FCNC couplings of the heavy neutral Higgs bosons to up-type quarks and verify that all counterterms follow the pattern dictated by the spurion expansion of the Yukawa matrices. We find correlations between Bs → μ+μ−, b → sγ, and the Higgs masses. The $${B}_{s}-{\overline{B} }_{s}$$ mixing amplitude is naturally suppressed in the model but can probe a portion of the parameter space with very heavy Higgs bosons.
Predictive Dirac neutrino spectrum with strong CP solution in SU(5)L × SU(5)R unification
Authors: Babu K.S. , Mohapatra Rabindra N. , Thapa Anil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We develop a grand unified theory of matter and forces based on the gauge symmetry SU(5)L × SU(5)R with parity interchanging the two factor groups. Our main motivation for such a construction is to realize a minimal GUT embedding of left-right symmetric models that provide a parity solution to the strong CP problem without the axion. We show how the gauge couplings unify with an intermediate gauge symmetry SU(3)cL × SU(2)2L × U(1)L × SU(5)R, and establish its consistency with proton decay constraints. The model correctly reproduces the observed fermion masses and mixings and leads to naturally light Dirac neutrinos with their Yukawa couplings suppressed by a factor MI/MG, the ratio of the intermediate scale to the GUT scale. We call this mechanism type II-Dirac seesaw. Furthermore, the model predicts δCP = ±(130.4±1.2)° and $${m}_{{\nu }_{1}}$$ = (4.8 – 8.4) meV for the Dirac CP phase and the lightest neutrino mass. We demonstrate how the model solves the strong CP problem via parity symmetry.
Demystifying the Emergence Proposal
Authors: Blumenhagen Ralph , Cribiori Niccolò , Gligovic Aleksandar , Paraskevopoulou Antonia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We revisit the Emergence Proposal in the vector multiplet moduli space of type IIA N = 2 supersymmetric string vacua in four dimensions, for which the string tree-level prepotential and the string one-loop correction are exactly known via mirror symmetry. We argue that there exists an exact notion of emergence, according to which these four-dimensional couplings can be computed exactly in any asymptotic limit in field space. In such limits, a perturbative quantum gravity theory emerges, whose fundamental degrees of freedom include all complete infinite towers of states with typical mass scale not larger than the species scale. For a decompactification limit, this picture is closely related to and in fact motivated by the computation of Gopakumar-Vafa invariants. In addition, in the same limit our results suggest that the emergent theory will also contain asymptotically tensionless wrapped NS5-branes.
Epigenomic insights into common human disease pathology
Authors: Bell Christopher G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe epigenome—the chemical modifications and chromatin-related packaging of the genome—enables the same genetic template to be activated or repressed in different cellular settings. This multi-layered mechanism facilitates cell-type specific function by setting the local sequence and 3D interactive activity level. Gene transcription is further modulated through the interplay with transcription factors and co-regulators. The human body requires this epigenomic apparatus to be precisely installed throughout development and then adequately maintained during the lifespan. The causal role of the epigenome in human pathology, beyond imprinting disorders and specific tumour suppressor genes, was further brought into the spotlight by large-scale sequencing projects identifying that mutations in epigenomic machinery genes could be critical drivers in both cancer and developmental disorders. Abrogation of this cellular mechanism is providing new molecular insights into pathogenesis. However, deciphering the full breadth and implications of these epigenomic changes remains challenging. Knowledge is accruing regarding disease mechanisms and clinical biomarkers, through pathogenically relevant and surrogate tissue analyses, respectively. Advances include consortia generated cell-type specific reference epigenomes, high-throughput DNA methylome association studies, as well as insights into ageing-related diseases from biological ‘clocks’ constructed by machine learning algorithms. Also, 3rd-generation sequencing is beginning to disentangle the complexity of genetic and DNA modification haplotypes. Cell-free DNA methylation as a cancer biomarker has clear clinical utility and further potential to assess organ damage across many disorders. Finally, molecular understanding of disease aetiology brings with it the opportunity for exact therapeutic alteration of the epigenome through CRISPR-activation or inhibition.
Tumor-associated macrophage-derived exosomal miR21-5p promotes tumor angiogenesis by regulating YAP1/HIF-1α axis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yan Quan , Liu Jing , Liu Yiding , Wen Zhihao , Jin Dong , Wang Fu , Gao Lu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently received increasing attention as essential mediators of communication between tumor cells and their microenvironments. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a proangiogenic role in various tumors, especially head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and angiogenesis is closely related to tumor growth and metastasis. This research focused on exploring the mechanisms by which EVs derived from TAMs modulate tumor angiogenesis in HNSCC. Our results indicated that TAMs infiltration correlated positively with microvascular density in HNSCC. Then we collected and identified EVs from TAMs. In the microfluidic chip, TAMs derived EVs significantly enhanced the angiogenic potential of pHUVECs and successfully induced the formation of perfusable blood vessels. qPCR and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that EVs from TAMs transferred miR-21-5p to endothelial cells (ECs). And targeting miR-21-5p of TAMs could effectively inhibit TAM-EVs induced angiogenesis. Western blot and tube formation assays showed that miR-21-5p from TAM-EVs downregulated LATS1 and VHL levels but upregulated YAP1 and HIF-1α levels, and the inhibitors of YAP1 and HIF-1α could both reduce the miR-21-5p enhanced angiogenesis in HUVECs. The in vivo experiments further proved that miR-21-5p carried by TAM-EVs promoted the process of tumor angiogenesis via YAP1/HIF-1α axis in HNSCC. Conclusively, TAM-derived EVs transferred miR-21-5p to ECs to target the mRNA of LATS1 and VHL, which inhibited YAP1 phosphorylation and subsequently enhanced YAP1-mediated HIF-1α transcription and reduced VHL-mediated HIF-1α ubiquitination, contributing to angiogenesis in HNSCC. These findings present a novel regulatory mechanism of tumor angiogenesis, and miR-21-5p/YAP1/HIF-1α might be a potential therapeutic target for HNSCC.
Stokes matrices and exceptional isomorphisms
Authors: Fan Yu-Wei , Whang Junho Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe prove that the integral Stokes matrices of size 4 with given Coxeter invariant of nonzero discriminant decompose into finitely many braid group orbits. We also establish exceptional isomorphisms between moduli spaces of points on algebraic unit 3-spheres and certain moduli of local systems on positive genus surfaces.
Characterization of Ordered Semigroups Generating Well Quasi-Orders of Words
Authors: Klíma Ondřej , Kolegar Jonatan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe notion of a quasi-order generated by a homomorphism from the semigroup of all words onto a finite ordered semigroup was introduced by Bucher et al. (Theor. Comput. Sci. 40, 131–148 1985). It naturally occurred in their studies of derivation relations associated with a given set of context-free rules, and they asked a crucial question, whether the resulting relation is a well quasi-order. We answer this question in the case of the quasi-order generated by a semigroup homomorphism. We show that the answer does not depend on the homomorphism, but it is a property of its image. Moreover, we give an algebraic characterization of those finite semigroups for which we get well quasi-orders. This characterization completes the structural characterization given by Kunc (Theor. Comput. Sci. 348, 277–293 2005) in the case of semigroups ordered by equality. Compared with Kunc’s characterization, the new one has no structural meaning, and we explain why that is so. In addition, we prove that the new condition is testable in polynomial time.