bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The coordination of bimaxillary alveolar arch widths in subjects with normal occlusion or posterior crossbite: A CBCT retrospective study
Authors: Luo Liangyu , Liu Qing , Pan Yihua , Song Yidan , Li Jiaojiao , Cheng Lanxin , Zhao Zhihe , Liu Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo propose a method for evaluating the coordination of maxillomandibular alveolar arch in transverse dimension with cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to apply this method to subjects with normal occlusion at different dentition stages or transverse discrepancy.Materials and MethodsDigital data of 130 patients with normal occlusion at different dentition stages or transverse discrepancy were collected for three‐dimensional reconstruction. The patients with normal occlusion were divided into Group 1 (>16 years) and Group 2 (≤16 years) based on their age. Adult patients with posterior crossbite were divided into the Group 3. According to the proposed method, the average alveolar arch coordination angle (AACA) and other parameters were analysed in each group. Group 1 was considered as the control group and compared with Group 2 and Group 3.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in the maxillary posterior segment width among patients with normal occlusion. Group 3 demonstrated increased AACA and mandibular alveolar arch width compared with the normal occlusion group. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between maxillomandibular alveolar arch widths in the normal occlusion groups, with a strong correlation between AACA and the disparity in maxillomandibular widths.ConclusionAdults with normal occlusion exhibit significantly wider maxillary posterior alveolar arches than adolescents, with no marked difference in mandibular widths. The posterior crossbite group showed broader mandibular alveolar arches. There was a strong correlation between AACA and the difference in maxillomandibular widths. This study's method shows potential value for orthodontic transverse diagnosis.
Carbon pricing for international shipping, equity, and WTO law
Authors: Dominioni Goran 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe International Maritime Organization (IMO) is working on the adoption of a greenhouse gas (GHG) pricing instrument to decarbonise international shipping. This article analyses whether World Trade Organization (WTO) law can limit the implementation of an IMO GHG pricing instrument. In particular, it breaks new ground by analysing the compatibility of current proposals tabled at the IMO with the General Agreement on Trade in Services and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. In addition, it analyses whether WTO law limits the IMO's ability to adopt a GHG pricing instrument that addresses equity concerns via the implementation of exemptions for developing countries, Least Developed Countries, and Small Islands Developing States.
Long‐term effects of soil erosion on dryland crop yields in the Songnen Plain, Northeast China
Authors: Yu Ziyang , Zhang Xinlei , Liu Jiatong , Lei Guoping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe elucidation of the influence of soil erosion on crop yields is of paramount importance to ensure food security. Remote sensing data has facilitated the acquisition of long‐term spatially‐distributed information on soil erosion modulus and crop yields. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was employed to estimate the soil erosion modulus, while the Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford Approach (CASA) model has been utilized to calculate the net primary productivity (NPP). This study integrated models to assess the impact of soil erosion on dryland crop yields in the Songnen Plain from 2000 to 2020. The findings reveal that the annual average soil erosion modulus for dry cropland in black soil region (BSR) of the Songnen Plain is 4.2 (t ha−1 yr−1), which is 1.5 times greater than that of the other region (OR). The greater cropland erosion within the BSR limited the trend for increasing crop yields, whereas the impact of erosion on crop yield dynamics in the OR was not significant. The areas where dryland crop yields diminished in the Songnen Plain because of soil erosion were predominantly concentrated within the BSR. Advancements in agricultural technology have partially mitigated the adverse consequences of erosion on yields.
Leading digit bias in hemoglobin thresholds for red cell transfusion
Authors: Raza Sheharyar , Risk Malcolm , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLeading digit bias is a heuristic whereby humans overemphasize the left‐most digit when evaluating numbers (e.g., 9.99 vs. 10.00). The bias might affect the interpretation of hemoglobin results and influence red cell transfusion in hospitalized patients.Study Design and MethodsAdults who received a red cell transfusion while registered at the University Health Network (Toronto, Canada) between January 1, 2016 and January 1, 2022 (n = 6 years) were included. The primary analysis excluded apheresis, red cell disorders, radiology suites, and operating rooms. The primary comparison was a regression discontinuity analysis of transfusion occurrence above and below the hemoglobin threshold of 79 g/L (local units). Additional analyses tested other leading digit and control thresholds (71, 81, and 91 g/L). Secondary analyses explored temporal covariates and clinical subgroups.ResultsA total of 211,872 red cell transfusions were identified over the study period (median pre‐transfusion hemoglobin 76 g/L; interquartile range = 69–92 g/L), with 107,790 inpatient transfusions in the primary analysis. The 79 g/L threshold showed 815 fewer red cell units above the threshold (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1215 to −415). The 69 g/L threshold showed 2813 fewer transfused units (95% CI: −4407 to −1220), and 89 g/L showed 40 fewer units (95% CI: −408 to 328). The effect was accentuated during daytime, weekday, and May–June months, persisted in analyses including all transfusions, and was absent at control thresholds.ConclusionLeading digit bias might have a modest influence on the decision to transfuse red cells. The findings may inform practice guidelines and quasi‐experimental study design in transfusion research.
A Mode Sensitivity Enhancement Method for Beam Bridge Using High-Density Strain Feedback
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Xu Qianen , Gao Qingfei , Liu Yang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Closed-loop damage diagnosis method has attracted some attention in recent years; however, for lack of sufficient measuring points, it is difficult to achieve robust control of large structures cause the output dimension is not enough to meet the demand of system controllability and observability. On this basis, a mode sensitivity enhancement method for beam bridge using high-density strain feedback is proposed, in which high density dynamic strain measurements of the girder structure can be collected by distributed fiber sensor. Utilizing strain–displacement transformation relationship of the girder structure, the dynamic displacements can be obtained and used as output with high dimension to achieve the feedback control for eigenvalue sensitivity enhancement. To verify the proposed method, a series of numerical case studies of a beam bridge structure are performed, and it is demonstrated that the eigenvalue sensitivity can be enhanced effectively.
Brazil Nut Injections for Happier Cows
Authors: Thay Martha 
Published: April 2024

Selenium (Se) is a vital nutrient for both humans and animals. However, the soil in Aotearoa is notably deficient in this essential element. While humans can often compensate for the deficiency through diverse food sources, livestock in Aotearoa faces a substantial threat to health and productivity due to Se deficiency. This deficiency can result in adverse effects such as compromised immune function, diminished fertility, and heightened susceptibility to various diseases. Despite existing supplements and injections aimed at addressing this issue, many (e.g., BaSeO4) have proven either harmful to consumers or insufficiently effective. This project seeks to explore and characterize a new Se supplementary injection that has demonstrated promising outcomes, including enhanced immune responses, improved reproductive performance, and increased growth rates.

Supervised by: Craig Bunt, Greg Walker
Scholarship Project Funded by: Agilis Vet Ltd
A Pilot Food Waste Audit in Aged Care Using Method InSight Technology
Authors: Hatraby Zahrah 
Published: April 2024

This study aims to pilot the use of Method Insight technology, in the form of bins and smart scales, to carry out a non-manual food waste audit in an aged care facility in Ōtepoti, Dunedin. There is very little literature on food waste in the aged care sector, and existing research uses manual food waste audits. In comparison to the present study, manual food waste audits are known to be time consuming and require in-depth knowledge of measurement protocols. This study provides information on the quantities and sources of food waste, reasons for disposal, and staff perceptions of the technology used and the process followed for the food waste audit. The research hopes to inform on the implications and design of future research on food waste in the aged care facility in Aotearoa.
Supervised by: Margaret Thorsen and Sheila Skeaff, Food Waste Innovation
Armed conflicts and experience of intimate partner violence among women in Afghanistan: analysis of the 2015 Afghanistan DHS data
Authors: Khatir Abdul Ghani , Ge Tingshuai , Ariyo Tolulope , Jiang Quanbao 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveArmed conflicts and intimate partner violence (IPV) impose a burden on individual and societal well-being. Given the history of armed conflict in Afghanistan and the high prevalence of IPV, this study aims to examine the influence of armed conflicts on IPV among Afghan women.MethodsMultilevel logistic regression models were applied to the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (N=10 414 women aged 15–49). Armed conflict severity was measured using the conflict index issued by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, IPV was measured by three types of violence, including emotional, physical and sexual violence. All analyses were conducted by using STATA V.15.1.ResultsOver 52% of women experienced at least one type of IPV, with 33.01%, 49.07%, and 8.99% experiencing emotional, physical, and sexual violence, respectively. The regression results show that armed conflicts were significantly and positively associated with the experience of all types of IPV. In addition, the association between armed conflicts and the experience of emotional IPV was positively moderated by women’s attitudes towards IPV.ConclusionOur findings suggest that women living in high-conflict regions were more prone to experience IPV, particularly women with positive attitudes towards IPV. Promoting progressive gender roles, women’s empowerment, awareness of IPV and inclusion of women in conflict resolution will help deal with the issue of IPV.
Predictions for neutrinos and new physics from forward heavy hadron production at the LHC
Authors: Buonocore Luca , Kling Felix , Rottoli Luca , Sominka Jonas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractScenarios with new physics particles feebly interacting with the Standard Model sector provide compelling candidates for dark matter searches. Geared with a set of new experiments for the detection of neutrinos and long-lived particles the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has joined the hunt for these elusive states. On the theoretical side, this emerging physics program requires reliable estimates of the associated particle fluxes, in particular those arising from heavy hadron decays. In this work, we provide state-of-the-art QCD predictions for heavy hadron production including radiative corrections at next-to-leading order and using parton distribution functions including small-x resummation at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We match our predictions to parton showers to provide a realistic description of hadronisation effects. We demonstrate the utility of our predictions by presenting the energy spectrum of neutrinos from charm hadron decays. Furthermore, we employ our predictions to estimate, for the first time, FASER’s sensitivity to electrophilic ALPs, which are predominantly generated in beauty hadron decays.
Effect of Empagliflozin on Heart Failure Outcomes After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the EMPACT-MI Trial
Authors: Hernandez Adrian F. , Udell Jacob A. , Jones W. Schuyler , Anker Stefan D. , Petrie Mark C. , Harrington Josephine , Mattheus Michaela , Seide Svenja , Zwiener Isabella , Amir Offer , Bahit M. Cecilia , Bauersachs Johann , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Chen Yundai , Chopra Vijay K. , A. Figtree Gemma , Ge Junbo , G. Goodman Shaun , Gotcheva Nina , Goto Shinya , Gasior Tomasz , Jamal Waheed , Januzzi James L. , Jeong Myung Ho , Lopatin Yuri , Lopes Renato D. , Merkely Béla , Parikh Puja B. , Parkhomenko Alexander , Ponikowski Piotr , Rossello Xavier , Schou Morten , Simic Dragan , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Szachniewicz Joanna , van der Meer Peter , Vinereanu Dragos , Zieroth Shelley , Brueckmann Martina , Sumin Mikhail , Bhatt Deepak L. , Butler Javed 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Empagliflozin reduces the risk of heart failure (HF) events in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, chronic kidney disease, or prevalent HF irrespective of ejection fraction. Whereas the EMPACT-MI trial (Effect of Empagliflozin on Hospitalization for Heart Failure and Mortality in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction) showed that empagliflozin does not reduce the risk of the composite of hospitalization for HF and all-cause death, the effect of empagliflozin on first and recurrent HF events after myocardial infarction is unknown.

METHODS:
EMPACT-MI was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, event-driven trial that randomized 6522 patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction at risk for HF on the basis of newly developed left ventricular ejection fraction of <45% or signs or symptoms of congestion to receive empagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo within 14 days of admission. In prespecified secondary analyses, treatment groups were analyzed for HF outcomes.

RESULTS:

Over a median follow-up of 17.9 months, the risk for first HF hospitalization and total HF hospitalizations was significantly lower in the empagliflozin compared with the placebo group (118 [3.6%] versus 153 [4.7%] patients with events; hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.60, 0.98];
P
=0.031, for first HF hospitalization; 148 versus 207 events; rate ratio, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.51, 0.89];
P
=0.006, for total HF hospitalizations). Subgroup analysis showed consistency of empagliflozin benefit across clinically relevant patient subgroups for first and total HF hospitalizations. The need for new use of diuretics, renin-angiotensin modulators, or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists after discharge was less in patients randomized to empagliflozin versus placebo (all
P
<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Empagliflozin reduced the risk of HF in patients with left ventricular dysfunction or congestion after acute myocardial infarction.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04509674.
“We Need a Lighthouse Philosopher”: Filipa César and Louis Henderson's Sunstone (2018) and the Portuguese Genealogy of Lens-Based Media
Authors: Collier Delinda 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article discusses Filipa César's and Louis Henderson's digital film Sunstone (2018), situating it within a history of lenses and lighthouses in Portuguese conquest. It argues that Portugal has been overlooked as playing a key role in shaping the use and conceptual function of lenses in maritime conquest. In particular, the beaming of light from lenses has been overshadowed by the function of light collection in histories written about lens-based media.
Introduction to “Cultural Offensive of the Working Classes”
Authors: Savage Polly 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In April 1977, after almost two years in power, the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frelimo) announced their plans for the culture of the new nation. Pitched in military terms, and announced in the document translated for the first time here, the “Cultural Offensive of the Working Classes” drew on Marxist theory to define a revolutionary new culture, and to deploy this culture as a weapon in the ongoing struggle to build a postcolonial, postcapitalist society.
Cultural Offensive of the Working Classes
Authors: Tempo  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In April 1977, after almost two years in power, the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frelimo) announced their plans for the culture of the new nation. Pitched in military terms, and announced in the document translated for the first time here, the “Cultural Offensive of the Working Classes” drew on Marxist theory to define a revolutionary new culture, and to deploy this culture as a weapon in the ongoing struggle to build a postcolonial, postcapitalist society.
Regional Imaginations of Peace: The Work of the Rio Committee and the Antecedents of the Pact of Bogota (1942–1947)
Authors: Fernandes Carvalho Fabia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This contribution re-describes the work of the Rio Committee in international law concerning dispute settlement in the Americas between 1942 and 1947. The work of the Rio Committee constitutes a crucial doctrinal and institutional experience that underpins the fundamental transformations experienced in Pan-Americanism considering the meeting of the Ninth International Conference of American States in Bogota, Colombia, in 1948, which led to the creation of the Organization of the American States. As an antecedent to the adoption of the Pact of Bogota in 1948, the doctrinal work of the Rio Committee and its draft treaties allow for a substantive interrogation of the complex relationship between regionalism and universalism in international law. More specifically, this article assesses the ways in which mechanisms of peaceful settlement of disputes in the Americas were accommodated under the universal legal framework of the United Nations, opening space for regional cooperation to continue evolving in the continent.
Relative age and sex effect in equestrian sports across the Olympic disciplines and FEI endurance at all age group competition
Authors: Wilkinson K. , Davies E. , Brackenbury G. , Ferguson A. , Bornemann D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Relative age effect (RAE) has been established in many sports, but there is no evidence known in equestrian sports. Equestrian sports do not have a consistent or traditional model of youth development. The aim of the study was to establish whether RAE is evident in equestrian sport and to identify whether rider sex has an effect on ranking. Data were collected from FEI results pages for Endurance, Dressage, Eventing and Showjumping. Birth date and quartile was compared at U18, U21, U25 and Senior in each sport. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis were used to identify any RAE and whether there was a ranking difference between quartiles. A Mann-Whitney U test identified any ranking difference between sexes. No RAE was found in any sport or age category, however there were differences identified in sex for both ranking and participation. Males were shown to rank higher in jumping sports (senior) whereas females were ranked higher in Dressage and Endurance (all age categories). Further studies are required to evaluate the psychosocial factors and development structures in equestrian sport development can affect success. Results question whether a sex difference exists that requires further research into the sex-integration of all equestrian sport.
Chen Han-seng, the Institute of Pacific Relations, and Changing Ideas About the Chinese Rural Economy
Authors: Xiong Ying 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The famous sociologist, economist, and historian Chen Han-seng was the founder of the Agrarian China Research Association, publishing influential studies on industrial production and class relations, and their effect on peasant living standards. Through the Institute of Pacific Relations (ipr), Chen engaged in a theoretical dialogue with liberal intellectuals and responded to American, British, and Soviet theories about Chinese society and rural China. Unlike American ipr scholars, such as John Lossing Buck, whose agenda was to investigate the consumer power of Chinese peasants, Chen’s study of living standards emphasized their production capability and the role usury played in it. And unlike the ipr British economists, such as R. H. Tawney, who were generally optimistic about Chinese rural industry, Chen’s research proved Chinese industrialization to be unsustainable and to lower peasant living standards. In reaction to these American and British scholars, Chen tactically changed his concept of “living standards” and developed his own theory of Chinese rural economics.
Ibn Masʿūd’s Reading in Comparison with the Seven Canonical Readings
Authors: Shahpasand Elaheh , Malekabad Hadi Zeini 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
ʿAbdullāh ibn Masʿūd was among the most influential companions of the prophet, and because of his great status in the knowledge of the Qurʾān, it is quite probable that he influenced some canonical readings. Since in that period emphasis became in conformity with that later named as ʿUṯmān’s Muṣḥaf, the reading of Ibn Masʿūd took two forms known as pre-ʿUṯmān and post-ʿUṯmān readings. The pre-ʿUṯmān readings may or may not match the textual skeleton (rasm), while the post-ʿUṯmān readings conform it. This is despite the fact that some of canonical readings are famous for their presentation Ibn Masoud’s reading in accordance with the rasm. This article examines this idea by a comparison between the reading of Ibn Masʿūd and the seven canonical readings in terms of 108 items together with a detailed examination of their 112 shared features. It reveals that the readings of Ḥamza and al-Kisāʾī were the most similar ones to the reading of Ibn Masʿūd with 97 and 79 items in common, respectively. A detailed examination of these items shows that Ḥamza has made his best effort to incorporate into his reading as most shared features with Ibn Masʿūd’s reading as possible, while orthographic limitations let him. This is why his reading has sometimes prioritized meaning over syntactic correctness. Al-Kisāʾī has disputed Ḥamza’s reading in 18 cases, because he believed that Ḥamza’s reading failed to accurately represent Ibn Masʿūd’s in them.