bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF 20α-HYDROXYY-4-PREGNEN-3-ONE ON LUTEINIZING HORMONE SECRETION IN THE FEMALE RABBIT
Authors: YoungLai E. V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Experiments were performed in the rabbit to determine whether 20α-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-OHP) can maintain luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion after injections of LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Female rabbits were castrated at least 2 weeks prior to investigation. On the day before LH-RH injection they were cannulated and a dose of oestradiol benzoate (OeB), 100 μg/kg, given intramuscularly. LH-RH, 500 ng/kg, was injected as a bolus via the cannula and 20-OHP, 100 μg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg, injected intramuscularly immediately after. Blood was withdrawn at intervals for up to 5½ h after LH-RH injection. LH secretion dropped to pre-stimulation levels within 3 h after LH-RH alone or in combination with 20-OHP. Administration of LH-RH to oestrogen primed intact females also gave a peak of LH which returned to pre-stimulation levels within 3 h. However, mating seemed to maintain LH levels for a greater period of time.
THE PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS IN KLINEFELTER's SYNDROME
Authors: Smals A. G. H. , Kloppenborg P. W. C. , Lequin R. L. , Beex L. , Ross A. , Benraad T. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Conventional thyroid function indices (serum T4, T3, TSH and thyroidal RAIU before and after TSH) appeared to be normal in most of 25 clinically euthyroid patients with chromatine positive Klinefelter's syndrome. Administration of TRH, however, revealed a decreased TSH reserve in the Klinefelter patients, both off or on testosterone treatment, in comparison to euthyroidal eugonadal male controls. Preliminary data suggest that this blunted TSH response to TRH is not a characteristic of Klinefelter's syndrome per se but might be caused by the concurrent hypergonadotrophism. Despite the blunted TSH response, the TRH mediated T3 response in the Klinefelter patients was about equal to that in the male controls.
ISOLATED THYROTROPHIN DEFICIENCY IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Chandra Manju , Lifshitz Fima , Fort Pavel , de Rosas Francisco J. , Kantrow Abraham 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hypothyroidism in patients with diabetes mellitus is usually primary though rarely secondary hypothyroidism has occurred. An 116/12 year old white female developed diabetes mellitus at 86/12 years of age. She received treatment up to 40 units NPH daily with adequate control and normal growth. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed after a 3 month history of lethargy, constipation, dryness of skin and decreasing insulin requirement to 10 units NPH per day. Physical examination was entirely normal, except for dry skin. Serum levels of free thyroxine, thyroxine, T3 resin uptake, were low as was 131I uptake. Primary hypothyroidism was ruled out by the absence of goitre, absent antithyroid antibodies, low basal TSH levels and increased 131I uptake after TSH administration. Serum TSH levels rose 4-fold in response to intravenous TRH administration. The patient was treated with 0.15 mg daily of L-thyroxine with very good response. This report describes a patient with juvenile diabetes mellitus and isolated TSH deficiency with hypothyroidism of probably hypothalamic origin, an association not previously described in children.
YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA INFECTION AND THYROID DISEASES
Authors: Bech Karine , Nerup Jørn , Larsen Jørgen Hannover 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The frequency of agglutinating antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. ent.) serotype 3 and 9 has been studied in sera from patients with various thyroid diseases. No antibodies to Y. ent. serotype 9 were found. Titres (≧ 10) of Y. ent. serotype 3 antibodies were found significantly more frequently in thyroid patients than in controls. In patients with Graves' disease the frequency was 59.5 per cent compared with 16.6 and 27.7 % in the two control groups (P < 0.0005). High titres (≧ 80) were significantly increased in patients with Graves' disease and diffuse nontoxic goitre when compared with the control groups. The prevalence of Y. ent. antibodies decreased with the duration of the disease. In patients with recurrent Graves' disease high titres of Y. ent. antibodies were found in 25 per cent compared with 11 per cent in patients with the first attack of Graves' disease (P < 0.05).
No correlation with age, sex, exophthalmos or the presence of antibodies to thyroid antigens was found. As the O antigen of Y. ent. serotype 3 is specific the detection of these antibodies suggest an infection with Y. ent. and possibly an association between this infection and thyroid disorders, in particular Graves' disease.
UPTAKE OF MACROMOLECULES BY THE THYROID
Authors: Zalin A. M. , Hoffenberg R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The uptake by thyroid tissue of radioactively labelled macromolecules was studied in vitro to elucidate the mechanism of endocytosis of thyroglobulin by the follicular cell. Minced sheep thyroid was incubated with [125I]polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP*), [3H]inulin, [125I]thyroglobulin or [125I]fibrinogen.
Tissue radioactivity comprised a "weakly bound" component, removed by prolonged washing and a residual "firmly bound" component. TSH, 5 mU/ml, increased the magnitude of both these components. The TSH effect on PVP* uptake demonstrated hormone and tissue specificity and was reproduced by dbcAMP. The quantity of PVP* firmly bound rose with time of incubation with a rapid initial uptake followed by a slower "linear" increase. Vinblastine markedly reduced the "linear" rate of uptake of firmly bound radioactivity. The release of non-protein bound 125I into the medium during incubation with [125I]fibrinogen was stimulated by TSH. The rapid initial uptake of firmly bound radioactivity probably represents firm adsorption, the subsequent linear rate endocytosis.
PROPERTIES OF HUMAN GONADOTROPHINS ELUTED FROM HUMAN CORPUS LUTEUM AND MOUSE LUTEOMA LH-HCG RECEPTORS
Authors: Cole F. E. , Arquembourg P. C. , Rice B. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies were performed to try to determine if gonadotrophins are altered during their interaction with tissue receptors. Immunologic, electrophoretic and binding properties of lactoperoxidase labelled [125I]HLH and [125I]HCG were examined before and after elution from mouse luteoma and human corpora lutea receptor preparations. The anti-HCG used in these studies at a 1:10 000 dilution precipitated 92% of a freshly iodinated [125I]HCG preparation. Receptor eluted [125I]HCG, derived from the same batch of labelled ligand, was virtually quantitatively precipitated by the same dilution of anti-HCG. [125I]HCG eluted from the human corpus luteum was electrophoretically more homogenous when compared to its heterogenous parent labelled preparation and migrated to a position similar to that of native HCG.
In Ouchterlony double diffusion experiments against anti-HCG antiserum, corpus luteum eluted [125I]HCG and [125I]HLH showed immunologic identity with each other as well as with native HCG and HLH. Receptor eluted [125I]HCG from the mouse luteoma, following in vivo administration via tail vein injection or after incubation in vitro with labelled hormones, was immunologically indistinguishable from native HCG.
The electrophoretic mobility of HCG was retarded when HCG was added to extracts of mouse luteoma, liver and kidney. Eluates of mouse luteoma, applied to Bio-Gel columns previously equilibrated with [125I]HCG showed the ability to concentrate [125I]HCG in the high molecular weight column fractions. Similar results were obtained with columns equilibrated with [125I]TSH and [125I]HGH. [125I]HCG eluted from the mouse luteoma was able to bind to fresh luteoma homogenate but, in contrast to an earlier report with [125I]HCG eluted from rat testis, no enhancement of binding of the eluted [125I]HCG was observed with fresh tissue. These results could be explained by the extraction of non-dialyzable intracellular component during the [125I]HCG elution procedure from the luteoma homogenate which combines with HCG to lower its binding and alter its electrophoretic mobility. This component could be extracted from other mouse tissues and combines with other labelled peptide hormones. Data in the present report support in part the hypothesis that gonadotrophins eluted from mouse luteoma and human corpus luteum are not altered by their interaction with tissue receptors.
PITUITARY AND GONADAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH THE LAURENCE-MOON-BIEDL SYNDROME
Authors: Pérez-Palacios G. , Uribe M. , Scaglia H. , Lisker R. , Pasapera A. , Maillard M. , Medina M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pituitary and gonadal functions were evaluated in two pre-pubertal male siblings and in one unrelated adult male with the complete form of the Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome. The adult patient (19 years old) presented lack of secondary sex characteristics, azoospermia, and sub-normal external genitalia development. Testicular biopsy showed an arrest of spermatogenesis and diminished number of Leydig cells. Low plasma testosterone levels and normal responsiveness to HCG administration were found. A significant rise of pituitary gonadotrophin after LH-RH stimulation and a lack of response to clomiphene citrate was demonstrated. The pre-pubertal siblings (9 and 11 years old) had genital hypoplasia and undetectable plasma levels of testosterone, though there was a significant rise after HCG stimulation. Plasma gonadotrophin levels were within the assay sensitivity limits and a normal pituitary responsiveness following LH-RH stimulus was noted. Slightly low excretion of urinary 17-OH-corticosteroids which increased significantly after ACTH and metyrapone was demonstrated in both patients. Elevated levels of serum lipoproteins and triglycerides were found in all cases. These results are interpreted as demonstrating the suprahypophyseal origin of the dysfunction thus producing hypogonadism observed in the adult patient, and suggesting that a similar dysfunction might account for the genital hypoplasia in the pre-pubertal boys with this inherited disorder.
PLASMA SEX HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN BINDING CAPACITY IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY AND PROSTATIC CARCINOMA: COMPARISON WITH AN AGE DEPENDENT RISE IN NORMAL HUMAN MALES
Authors: Dennis M. , Horst H.-J. , Krieg M. , Voigt K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method for the routine determination of plasma sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacity is introduced. In normal males an age dependent increase in SHBG binding capacity from 2.85 × 10−8 m in the age range 22–44 years to 4.66 × 10−8 m in the age range 45–64 years was found. A higher mean value of 6.41 × 10−8 m was obtained in normal females, 20–40 years old, and still higher values were found in females taking oral contraceptives. Although in male groups with benign prostatic hypertrophy or prostatic carcinoma the mean ages were somewhat higher than in the older normal group, a further age dependent increase in SHBG binding capacity in these diseases could not be demonstrated. In fact the mean values found were slightly although not significantly lower at 4.07 and 3.89 × 10−8 m, respectively. As expected, oestrogen treatment of males with prostatic carcinoma produced higher values.
FAMILIAL IDIOPATHIC HYPOGONADOTROPHIC HYPOGONADISM
Authors: Bétend B. , Lebacq E. , David L. , Claustrat B. , François R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A new case of familial idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism is presented: 3 males and 2 females among 9 siblings are affected. Very low to non-detectable levels of plasma LH and FSH levels were found in each patient. LH-RH stimulation test gave in one male a slight increase in plasma LH levels while no change was observed in the others. Prolonged treatment with gonadotrophins or testosterone gave poor results in the males while evidence of ovulation was obtained in the two females during a unique induced artificial cycle with combined HMG and HCG treatment; rapid feminization was also obtained in the females with oestrogen therapy. The striking difference in the results of the substitution treatments between males and females suggest that some degree of acquired insensitivity of the testes to gonadotrophins and of peripheral tissues to male sex hormones are present in male hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. This may be the consequence of a lack of hormonal stimulation or impregnation during infancy and childhood.
PROGESTERONE TREATMENT INCREASES PITUITARY OESTRADIOL RETENTION IN THE OVARIECTOMIZED NORMAL FEMALE RAT BUT NOT IN THE MALE NOR IN THE ANDROGEN- OR OESTROGEN-STERILIZED FEMALE RAT
Authors: Lisk Robert D. , Reuter Lawrence A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pituitary retention of [3H]oestradiol in ovariectomized rats was measured following in vivo progesterone pre-treatment and found to be significantly increased after 48, 72, 96 and 120 h of pre-treatment. Increased [3H]oestradiol retention was also observed for at least up to 72 h after removal of the progesterone pre-treatment source. This retention was measured as dpm per mg dry tissue weight. [3H]Oestradiol retention was also measured in the nuclear fraction of tissues incubated with [3H]oestradiol in vitro. Following 72 h of in vivo progesterone pre-treatment, the nuclear fraction from the pituitary was found to retain significantly more [3H]oestradiol than corresponding fractions from non-treated animals. In contrast to ovariectomized females, no increase in [3H]oestradiol retention was found in the pituitary of orchidectomized males pre-treated with progesterone for 72 h.
[3H]Oestradiol retention by pituitaries of ovariectomized rats injected on the day of birth with 200 μg oestradiol benzoate (OeB) or 500 μg testosterone propionate (TP) was significantly decreased in comparison to control animals. When the rats were pre-treated in vivo with oestradiol for 6 or 72 h and [3H]oestradiol retention was measured 6 or 24 h after this pre-treatment, the OeB and TP treated animals retained significantly less [3H]oestradiol under most treatment conditions. Progesterone pretreatment for 24 or 72 h in vivo followed by measurement of [3H]oestradiol retention immediately or 6 or 24 h later resulted in a significant increase in [3H]oestradiol retention for the control animals. In contrast, the neonatally OeB or TP treated animals differed significantly by not showing increased retention.
When [3H]oestradiol retention of the pituitary was measured in vitro following homogenization at 0°C and incubation at 37°C for 1 h, the nuclear fraction from both OeB and TP treated animals was found to retain less hormone per unit DNA; however, this decrease was significant only for the TP animals. Thus, males and androgen- or oestrogensterilized females have an altered and reduced augmentation of pituitary oestradiol retention in response to both oestrogen and progesterone pretreatments.
A MICROGEL ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF THE COLLOID IN SINGLE RAT THYROID FOLLICLES DURING THYROXINE SUPPRESSION
Authors: Smeds Staffan , Anderberg Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A sequential study of the effect of thyroxine (T4) on the protein composition of the colloid in the rat thyroid gland has been carried out in 24 rats. Daily ip injections of 20 μg thyroxine were given and the colloid was analyzed after 1, 2, 3 and 4 days and 1, 2 and 3 weeks. The protein constituents were separated by microgel electrophoresis and measured by microdensitometry. The incorporation of [3H]leucine into the thyroglobulin fraction and into the albumin-like protein in the homogenate of the gland was analyzed after T4 suppression for 2 days. The 2 h thyroidal iodine uptake was analyzed during the first week of T4 administration. During the second and the third day of T4 administration, the amount of 27S and larger complexes of thyroglobulin was reduced by 30–40 per cent and the amount of the albumin-like protein was significantly increased and present in almost all samples. Preliminary data indicated that during the same period the relative amount of [3H]leucine activity was increased in the albumin-like protein fraction compared to the thyroglobulin fraction in the thyroid. It is concluded that the exocytotic vesicles contain the albumin-like protein. The results further indicate that the administration of T4 temporarily changes the relative rates of formation of thyroglobulin and of the albumin-like protein in the follicle.
PITUITARY-GONADAL FUNCTION IN MALE PATIENTS WITH MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY - SERUM LUTEINIZING HORMONE, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND TESTOSTERONE LEVELS AND HISTOLOGICAL DAMAGE OF THE TESTIS
Authors: Takeda Ryoyu , Ueda Misao 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Variations in serum levels of LH and FSH after administration of synthetic LH-RH, and basal levels of serum testosterone were studied in 9 male patients with myotonic dystrophy. The degree of testicular damage, as determined histologically on biopsy specimens, was also studied. Results were as follows: 1) it was observed that both the basal and stimulated (maximal) levels of serum LH and FSH were significantly higher than levels found in 9 sex- and age-matched normal controls. 2) The basal level of serum testosterone was consistently lower in the patient group. One patient, however, showed a low normal level, which represented a statistically significant reciprocal relation to both LH and FSH levels as expressed on a logarithmic scale. 3) There was a significant trend which indicated that the higher the serum LH, FSH levels, or the lower the basal levels of serum testosterone, the more extensive was the damage to the seminiferous tubules. From these findings it was concluded that hypogonadism in patients with myotonic dystrophy, is characterized by the development of lesions in the seminiferous tubules.
LOCALIZATION OF PROLACTIN BINDING IN PROSTATE AND TESTIS: THE ROLE OF SERUM PROLACTIN CONCENTRATION ON THE TESTICULAR LH RECEPTOR
Authors: Aragona Cesare , Bohnet Heinz G. , Friesen Henry G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Specific binding sites for prolactin (PRL) and gonadotrophins on ventral and dorsolateral prostate as well as on Leydig cells and tubules of testes of rats at different ages were examined. The binding sites for PRL were found in greatest number in ventral prostate and in Leydig cells. LH binding sites were also more numerous than FSH binding sites in the latter. FSH sites were greater than LH sites in tubular preparations obtained from the testis. Specific binding (SB) of PRL in the Leydig cells reached a maximum at 45 days (4%) and in the case of LH a maximum of 12% was obtained at 70 days. In both preparations SB of FSH exhibited a plateau between 20 and 40 days (11%) followed by a gradual decline to 6% at 100 days. Following 20 days of treatment with Bromocriptin beginning at 20 days serum PRL was suppressed and SB of LH to the Leydig cells was significantly decreased, whereas SB of PRL and FSH was unaffected.
These studies suggest that despite decreases in serum PRL, the number of PRL and FSH receptors remain unaltered. On the contrary, LH receptors in the rat testis are modulated by changes in serum PRL.
BINDING OF CHOLECALCIFEROL METABOLITES TO RAT DUODENAL MUCOSA CYTOSOL
Authors: Ulmann A. , Brami M. , Pezant E. , Garabedian M. , Funck-Brentano J. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vitro binding of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-(OH)D3) and 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3) was studied in the duodenal mucosa cytosol of rachitic rats: both 25-(OH)D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 bind to a macromolecule (sedimentation coefficient 5.5 to 6 S in low or high ionic strength) with a high affinity (KD at 4°C = 1.2×10−9 m and 2×10−9 m, respectively). In addition, it is concluded from competition and chase experiments that 25-(OH)D3 binding sites differ from that for 1,25-(OH)2D3.
GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND INSULIN SECRETION IN HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Andersen O. Ortved , Friis Th. , Ottesen B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To evaluate the glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in hyperthyroidism patients were examined in the toxic state and after they had been made euthyroid.

Fasting values:
In 42 untreated patients the glucose- and insulin concentrations in serum were significantly elevated. In 24 treated patients the glucose concentrations became normal, while the insulin concentrations remained elevated.

Oral-glucose-tolerance test:
In 20 untreated patients the glucose- and insulin responses were significantly increased. In 8 treated patients the glucose response became normal, while the insulin response remained unchanged.

Intravenous-glucose-tolerance test:
In 28 untreated patients the K-values were significantly decreased and the insulin response increased. In 23 treated patients the K-values rose significantly, but the insulin response remained unchanged.

Intravenous-tolbutamide test:
In 41 untreated patients the glucose concentration decreased significantly compared with the controls, and the insulin responses were significantly increased. In 23 treated patients the glucose concentrations decreased even more, while the insulin response remained unchanged.
The results indicate enhanced sensitivity or an increase in the mass of β-cells in hyperthyroidism. The glucose tolerance tests point to an increased peripheral insulin resistance. The normalized glucose tolerance and still enhanced insulin secretion during treatment support the assumption, that hyperthyroidism causes an increase in the β-cell mass.
ENDOCRINE MORBIDITY IN ADULTS TREATED WITH CEREBRAL IRRADIATION FOR BRAIN TUMOURS DURING CHILDHOOD
Authors: Shalet S. M. , Beardwell C. G. , MacFarlane I. A. , Jones P. H. Morris , Pearson D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hypothalamic-pituitary function was assessed in 20 adult subjects who were treated with cerebral irradiation for brain tumours during childhood between 8 and 32 years earlier. Nine patients showed impaired growth hormone (GH) responses to hypoglycaemia, of whom, 7 are below the third centile for standing height. All GH deficient subjects received more than 2950 rads to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis with a maximum dose of approximately 5000 rads being used in one case.
Three subjects have an elevated basal serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level and 2 of these show an exaggerated TSH response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) but no patient was clinically or biochemically hypothyroid. The rest of hypothalamic-pituitary function was essentially normal.
This study shows that multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies do not develop with time when the radiation dose is below a critical level. Thus it appears that there is a gradation of radiation damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis which is dependent primarily on the dose received rather than the time interval after radiotherapy.