bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental changes in distribution of γ‐aminobutyric acid‐ and glycine‐immunoreactive boutons on rat trigeminal motoneurons. I. Jaw‐closing motoneurons
Authors: Paik Sang Kyoo , Bae Jin Young , Park Sang Euk , Moritani Masayuki , Yoshida Atsushi , Yeo Eun Jin , Choi Karp Shik , Ahn Dong Kuk , Moon Cheil , Shigenaga Yoshio , Bae Yong Chul 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have previously described the distribution pattern of inhibitory synapses on rat jaw‐closing (JC) α‐ and γ‐motoneurons. In the present study, we investigated developmental changes in inhibitory synapses on JC motoneurons. We performed a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of putative inhibitory synaptic boutons on JC motoneuron somata by using postembedding immunogold labeling for GABA and glycine. In total, 206, 350, and 497 boutons contacting JC motoneuron somata were analyzed at postnatal days 2 (P2), 11 (P11) and 31 (P31), respectively. The size of the somata increased significantly during postnatal development. The size distribution was bimodal at P31. Mean length of the boutons and percentage of synaptic covering also increased during postnatal development, whereas bouton density did not differ significantly among the three age groups. Synaptic boutons on the somata of JC α‐motoneurons could be classified into four types: boutons immunoreactive for 1) GABA only, 2) glycine only, 3) both GABA and glycine, and 4) neither GABA nor glycine. There was no developmental change in the proportion of putative inhibitory boutons to the total number of studied boutons. However, the glycine‐only boutons increased significantly (15.1% to 27.3%), and the GABA‐only boutons decreased significantly (17.7% to 2.6%) during the period from P11 to P31. Our ultrastructural data indicate that the inhibitory synaptic input to JC motoneurons is developmentally regulated and that there is a postnatal switch from GABA to glycine. The postnatal changes revealed in the present study could play an important role in the maturation of the oral motor system. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:779–789, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological properties of mouse retinal ganglion cells during postnatal development
Authors: Coombs Julie L. , Van Der List Deborah , Chalupa Leo M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractQuantitative methods were used to assess dendritic stratification and other structural features of developing mouse retinal ganglion cells from birth to after eye opening. Cells were labeled by transgenic expression of yellow fluorescent protein, DiOlistics or diffusion of DiI, and subsequently imaged in three dimensions on a confocal microscope followed by morphometric analysis of 13 different structural properties. At postnatal day 1 (P1), the dendrites of all cells ramified across the vertical extent of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). By P3/4, dendrites were largely confined to different strata of the IPL. The stratification of dendrites initially reflected a retraction of widely ramifying dendritic processes, but for the most part this was due to the subsequent vertical expansion of the IPL. By P8, distinct cell classes could be recognized, although these had not yet attained adult‐like properties. The structural features differentiating cell classes were found to follow three different developmental trends. The mean values of one set of morphological parameters were essentially unchanged throughout postnatal development; another set of measures showed a rapid rise with age to adult values; and a third set of measures first increased with age and later decreased, with the regressive events initiated around the time of eye opening. These findings suggest that the morphological development of retinal ganglion cells is regulated by diverse factors operating during different but overlapping time periods. Our results also suggest that dendritic stratification may be more highly specified in the developing mammalian retina than has been previously realized. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:803–814, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and crystal structure investigation of pyridine‐2‐(3′‐mercaptopropanoic acid)‐N ‐oxide
Authors: Ramasubramanian R. , Kumaresan S. , Thomas R. , Stephen A. David , Kumaradhas P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPyridine‐2‐(3′‐mercaptopropanoic acid)‐N ‐oxide (I), is a higher homologue of 1‐oxopyridinium‐2‐thioacetic acid (II) [1]. It crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21 with a = 9.2168(2) Å, b = 4.1423(2) Å, c = 11.3904(4) Å, β = 98.65(2)°, V = 429.93(3) Å3 and Z = 2. The least‐squares refinement gave residual index R = 0.024 for 1070 observed reflections. The introduction of an additional methylene group in (II) causes a flip in the carboxylic acid group of (I) that facilitates the molecules to align infinite antiparallel chains through strong C–H···O interactions. The molecules are interlinked by O–H···O hydrogen bonding across the chains and forming an infinite screw chain along y‐direction. The molecular packing is stabilized by O–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonding and π‐π electron interactions. This is an important facet of the crystal packing. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and crystal structure of a new inorganic – organic complex: (4‐ClC7H6NH3)9[Nd(P6O18)2]·9H2O
Authors: Amri O. , Abid S. , Rzaigui M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSingle crystals of (4‐ClC7H6NH3)9[Nd(P6O18)2]·9H2O were synthesized in aqueous solution. This compound crystallizes in a triclinic P1 unit‐cell, with a = 14.898(6), b = 18.049(7), c = 20.695(6)Å, α = 102.04(3), β = 100.49(3), γ = 98.82(3)°, V = 5245(4) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to R = 0.043 (Rw = 0.061) for 20420 observed reflections. The atomic arrangement of the title compound can be described as infinite layers built by complex of Neodyme [Nd(P6O18)2] and nine water molecules. The organic cations are located in the space delimited by the successive inorganic layers. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bridgman growth of langasite‐type piezoelectric crystals
Authors: Wu Anhua 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThree langasite family crystals of Sr3Ga2Ge4O14 (SGG), Ca3NbGa3Si2O14 (CNGS), and Sr3NbGa3Si2O14 (SNGS) were successfully grown by the modified Bridgman method. Among them, SGG crystals up to 2 inches were obtained with the multi‐crucible industrial Bridgman furnace; SNGS crystal grown in any orientation direction other than along a‐axis was realized. Commercially availability SGG boules and the advantage in SNGS crystal indicated that the modified Bridgman technique is a prospective method to realize the mass‐production of the langasite‐type crystals. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of (N(C2H5)4)4[VMo12V2O44]
Authors: Cevik S. , Alkan Z. , Poyraz M. , Sarı M. , Büyükgüngör O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe hydrothermal reaction of a mixture of Na2MoO4·2H2O, V2O5, pyromellitic acid (1,2,4,5‐C6H2(COOH)4), (C2H5)4NCl and 0,1 M H2SO4 for 88 h at 180°C gives blue needle‐like crystals of [VIV2O2(H2O)2 (C6H2(COO)4)] in 20% yield (based on V) and dark blue prismatic crystals of the title compound, mixed‐valance (N(C2H5)4)4[VMo12V2O44], 1, in 12% yield (based on Mo). 1 was investigated by means of elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Single Crystal X‐ray Diffraction Methods. Crystal data for the compound: monoclinic space group P21/c (No:14), a=13.7815(12) b=13.0271(9) c= 21.189(2) Å, β= 113.909(7)°, Z=2. Although [XM14O42]‐n (X=P, Si, Ge, V and M=Mo and/or V) cores have been previously determined, this is the first time that [VMo12V2O44]‐4 core is synthesized and characterized. The structural difference between 1 and these HPOMs is the coordinational geometry of the central metal atoms. The central vanadium in 1 has an octahedral coordination geometry, whereas in literature, the central V, P, Si and Ge atoms in [V15O42]‐9 / [SiM8V6O42]‐4 / [PM8V6O42]‐5 / [GeM8V6O42]‐4 have tetrahedral coordinational geometry. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solution growth of new ferroelectric glycine phosphite unidirectional single crystals at room temperature
Authors: Ezhil Vizhi R. , Kalainathan S. , Baghavan Narayana G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGlycine phosphite [NH3CH2COOH3PO3], abbreviated as GPI is the second hydrogen bonded ferroelectric crystal combination of phosphorous acid and amino acid following βnine phosphite crystals abbreviated as BPI. Sankaranarayanan and Ramasamy‐Technique was adopted to prepare the ferroelectric glycine phosphite unidirectional single crystal. The growth orientation was imposed by the pre‐grown 〈010〉 seed. As water was the solvent, transparent, colourless crystal with cylindrical shaped ingot of sized 20mm‐diameter was grown. Powder X‐ray diffraction, HRXRD, FTIR, dielectric and mechanical studies were carried out. The results are discussed in detail. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Incorporation of surface tension to interface energy balance in crystal growth
Authors: Yildiz M. , Dost S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEffect of surface tension across a growth interface is known as the Gibbs‐Thomson effect, and the associated energy balance is widely referred to as the Stefan condition in the literature, which is derived from thermodynamics. In this article, the interface energy balance that accounts for the effect of surface tension is derived by writing the jump condition for the energy balance on a surface of discontinuity which represents in crystal growth the evolving growth interface (solidification front) between the liquid and solid phases. To the best of our knowledge, the derivation of energy balance by writing jump conditions on a surface of discontinuity (interface) is new. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Correlation between the residual resistivity ratio and the power‐law of the normal‐state resistivity in MgB2
Authors: Obaidat I. M. , Albiss B. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMgB2 polycrystalline superconducting specimens were irradiated with several doses of γ‐rays up to 100 MR. An increase in the normal state resistivity and a broadening of the resistive transition to the superconducting state were observed with increasing γ‐irradiation dose. Although very small changes to the superconducting transition temperature were obtained after γ‐irradiation, different temperature dependence of normal‐state resistivity and different residual resistivity ratios, RRR were obtained for different doses. We have found a correlation between RRR and the power law dependence of resistivity, n as the irradiation dose increases. This correlation may be an indication that the electron‐phonon interaction is important in these samples. These results are attributed to the disorder caused by γ‐rays. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical and experimental study on the conoscopic interference in uniaxial crystal (Ca0.28Ba0.72)x(Sr0.60Ba0.40)1‐xNb2O6
Authors: Gao Ch. Y. , Xia H. R. , Xu J. Q. , Si Sh. Ch. , Zhang H. J. , Wang J. Y. , Song H. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractConoscopic interference of polarized light for the white‐light and LPS‐7,5Volts direct current semiconductor laser (Green light) with wavelength at 532 nm in (Ca0.28Ba0.72)x(Sr0.60Ba0.40)1‐xNb2O6crystals were observed with the beams transmitting along optical‐axes and deflection optical‐axes from 0 to 140°. Endo‐exo variation from looseness to tightness of conoscopic interference patterns were analyzed in theory. A hyperbolic black cross of interference patterns were observed as well as its formation process was proposed in this paper. Also, the inferences of the birefringence with different Ca2+‐doped were obtained in this investigation. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Precise determination of residual stresses in FeSi3 electrical sheets in the vicinity of laser scratches with high lateral resolution
Authors: Böhling M. , Bauch J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStates of residual stress in laser scribed FeSi3 electrical sheets in the vicinity of the laser scratch have been investigated. The influence of the laser treatment on the distortion of the crystal lattice was not only determined qualitatively but also quantitatively. Residual stresses of third kind were determined. Residual stress maps of the vicinity of the laser scratch were recorded showing clearly the influence of the laser treatment on the stress state as well as on the formation of the domain structure in FeSi3. The dislocation densities and stress states could be determined on spots of micrometer size. This was made possible by coupling the KOSSEL and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques in one device at high lateral resolution. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exponential stability of impulsive Cohen–Grossberg networks with distributed delays
Authors: Huang Zhenkun , Wang Xinghua , Xia Yonghui 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate impulsive Cohen–Grossberg networks with distributed delays. By Lyapunov–Kravsovskii functional and homeomorphism theory, some new sufficient conditions are established for the existence and global exponential stability of a unique equilibrium without strict conditions imposed on self‐regulation functions. The obtained sufficient conditions are easy to verify, meanwhile we remove the usual assumption that the activation functions are bounded and our results improve the previously known results. It is believed that these results are significant and useful for the design and applications of Cohen–Grossberg networks. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CPU0123, a novel endothelin receptor antagonist, relieves hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats by suppressing excessive ET‐ROS pathway
Authors: Cui Bing , Yu Feng , Dai De‐Zai , Zhang Tian‐Tai , Tang Xiao‐Yun , Dai Yin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPulmonary artery hypertension (PAH, PH) is a chronic and progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality and is resistant to vasodilative drugs in the clinic due to remodeling of pulmonary arterioles involved in PAH. The endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist bosentan is an effective oral medication in relieving PAH due to its antiproliferative effects. The dual ETA/ETB antagonist receptor antagonist, CPU0213, was compared with nifedipine in treating hypoxic PAH in SD rats that were exposed to 28 days of hypoxia (O2 10±0.5%). In untreated animals, elevated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), central vein pressure (CVP), and remodeling of pulmonary arterioles were predominant. In the pulmonary tissue of PAH rats, the ET‐ROS pathway was over‐activated in association with a reduced NO level, increased iNOS activity and hydroxyproline contents. Following oral treatment with CPU0213, (50 mg/mg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), the hemodynamic indices and pulmonary arteriole remodeling were significantly improved in a dose‐dependent manner. Elevated ET‐1 levels, iNOS activity, and maladjustment of pulmonary redox system were reversed, accompanied by a reduction of hydroxyproline in pulmonary tissue. An antiproliferative effect of CPU0213 was superior to that of nifedipine. The efficacy of 50 mg/kg CPU0213 was reduced. It is concluded that the low‐selective ETA/ETB receptor antagonist, CPU0213, is effective in relieving hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension by suppressing an over‐activated ET‐ROS pathway in pulmonary tissue. Drug Dev Res 68:42–50, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lactosamine differentially affects olfactory sensory neuron projections to the olfactory bulb
Authors: Schwarting Gerald A. , Henion Timothy R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDuring embryonic development, olfactory sensory neurons extend axons that form synapses with the dendrites of projection neurons in glomeruli of the olfactory bulb (OB). The glycosyltransferase β3GnT1 regulates the expression of 1B2‐reactive lactosamine glycans that are mosaically distributed among glomeruli. In newborn β3GnT1−/− mice, lactosamine expression is lost, and many glomeruli fail to form. To determine the role of lactosamine in OB targeting, we analyzed the trajectories of specific OR axon populations and their reactivity with 1B2 in β3GnT1−/− mice. mI7 axons and P2 axons, both of which are weakly 1B2+ in wild‐type mice, fail to grow to their normal positions in the glomerular layer during early postnatal development and never recover in adult mutant mice. In contrast, many M72 axons, which are always lactosamine negative in wild‐type mice, survive but are misguided to the extreme anterior OB in neonatal mutant mice and persist as heterotypic glomeruli, even in adult null mice. These results show that the loss of lactosamine differentially affects each OR population. Those that lose their normal expression of lactosamine fail to form stable connections with mitral and tufted cells in the OB, disappear during early postnatal development, and do not recover in adults. Neurons that are normally lactosamine negative, survive early postnatal degeneration in β3GnT1−/− mice but extend axons that converge on inappropriate targets in the mutant OB. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Phonological or orthographic training for children with phonological or orthographic decoding deficits
Authors: Gustafson Stefan , Ferreira Janna , Rönnberg Jerker 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn a longitudinal intervention study, Swedish reading disabled children in grades 2–3 received either a phonological (n = 41) or an orthographic (n = 39) training program. Both programs were computerized and interventions took place in ordinary school settings with trained special instruction teachers. Two comparison groups, ordinary special instruction and normal readers, were also included in the study. Results showed strong average training effects on text reading and general word decoding for both phonological and orthographic training, but not significantly higher improvements than for the comparison groups. The main research finding was a double dissociation: children with pronounced phonological problems improved their general word decoding skill more from phonological than from orthographic training, whereas the opposite was observed for children with pronounced orthographic problems. Thus, in this population of children, training should focus on children's relative weakness rather than their relative strength in word decoding. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unimpaired implicit learning in children with developmental dyslexia
Authors: Roodenrys Steven , Dunn Naomi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChildren with dyslexia have consistently been found to have a variety of deficits in motor, cognitive, and sensory processes; however, the few studies that have been reported of the implicit learning ability of these children have produced conflicting results. The present study aimed to investigate the implicit learning abilities of children with developmental dyslexia using a simple cued reaction time task which has not been studied with this group previously. Twenty‐three children with developmental dyslexia and 37 normally developing children, between the ages of 8 and 10 years, participated in the task. The results were consistent with the hypothesis in demonstrating that, despite an overall slowing in response times, dyslexic children show the same degree of implicit learning as normal readers, thus, providing evidence for an unimpaired implicit learning mechanism in dyslexic individuals. These results hold implications for the underlying mechanisms of learning, as dyslexic individuals who are impaired on explicit learning tasks, such as reading, spelling and writing, are unimpaired on implicit learning tasks. They suggest the existence of two separate systems of learning, each possessing distinct mechanisms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binge antecedents in bulimic syndromes: An examination of dissociation and negative affect
Authors: Engelberg Marla J. , Steiger Howard , Gauvin Lise , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective:We conducted a naturalistic study to examine negative affect and dissociative experiences as antecedents to binge episodes.Method:Using handheld computers, 33 women with bulimic syndromes provided ongoing self‐reports on eating behaviors, affects, and dissociative experiences over 7‐ to 29‐day intervals.Results:Multilevel modeling analyses indicated that negative affect and dissociation were elevated prior to binge episodes. In addition, antecedent effects of dissociation on bingeing were independent of those attributable to negative affect.Conclusion:Our results are consistent with models of binge eating that assign a causal role to negative mood and altered self‐awareness. As such, our findings imply that binge eating is a multiply determined behavior linked to diverse cognitive and affective processes. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mutual Influences of Ligands as Revealed by the 2H NMR Chemical Shifts and the Angular Overlap Model Parameters: cis‐[CrX2(N)4] and fac‐[CrX3(N)3]‐Type Complexes with Aromatic Amines
Authors: Terasaki Yukiko , Fujihara Takashi , Kaizaki Sumio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA mutual influence of ligands through a π donor–acceptor interaction is found by examining how the X co‐ligands of the aromatic amine complexes cis‐[CrX2([D4]bpy)2]n+ (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) and fac‐[CrX3([D12]tpa)]n+ [tpa = tris(2‐pyridyl)amine] affect the 2H NMR chemical shifts in connection with the Angular Overlap Model (AOM) parameterization in an analogous manner to our previous study on the solvatochromism and solvent‐dependent 2H NMR spectra of cis‐[CrF2([D4]bpy)2]+ and fac‐[CrF3([D12]tpa)]. The ranking of the AOM parameter for monodentate and/or didentate ligands can be obtained from this co‐ligand effect only from the 2H NMR shifts. The postulated relative order in the two‐dimensional spectrochemical series is Cl– > Br– > O or N donors (mal2– > acac– or H2O > dmf > NCS–) for the aromatic amine complexes, which contrasts with the order O or N donors > Cl– > Br– for the aliphatic amine complexes(see the preceding paper in this issue). This fact suggests that the Cr–Cl and Cr–Br σ bonds are stronger in the soft acidic aromatic amine complexes than those in the hard acidic aliphatic amine complexes. This means they have a higher affinity for soft basic Cl– and Br– ligands and can be explained in terms of the hard/soft acid/base (HSAB) concept. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Reactivity of InCp* Towards Transition Metal Carbonyl Clusters: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the Rh6(CO)16–x(InCp*)x Mixed‐Metal Cluster Compounds, x = 1–2
Authors: Grachova Elena V. , Linti Gerald 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWith [Rh6(CO)15(InCp*)], the first example of a transition metal carbonyl cluster with a coordinated InCp* (Cp* = C5Me5) fragment in the ligand environment is reported. This cluster with direct Rh–In bonds forms in the reaction of the hexanuclear carbonyl rhodium cluster Rh6(CO)15(NCMe) with InCp* under mild conditions. This is characterized by means of IR and NMR spectroscopy and crystal structure analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Selective Synthesis Under Microwave Irradiation of Carbohydrate Derivatives Containing Unsaturated Systems
Authors: Andrade Marta M. , Barros Maria Teresa , Rodrigues Paula 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe selective synthesis of sugars containing vinyl ester‐ and vinyl ether‐type side chains was developed by means of esterification and Wittig olefination procedures. The studies were focused on the anomeric position ofD‐xylose and on the primary carbon positions ofD‐glucose and sucrose. Microwave heating was used in both cases, and the results obtained show the usefulness of microwave irradiation for the development of cleaner technologies in carbohydrate chemistry.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)