bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis and Ion-exchange Properties of TiH2(PO4)2·1/2H2O
Authors: Kobayashi Etsuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to develop an ion-exchanger for industrial use, a new compound, titanium dihydrogen bis (phosphate) hemihydrate, was prepared by means of a reflux between titanium phosphate and concentrated phosphoric acid; then the conditions of synthesis and the ion-exchange properties of the products were investigated. The amorphous titanium phosphate used as the starting material was formed by the reaction of titanium tetrachloride with phosphoric acid in diluted hydrochloric acid. The phase equilibrium of the TiO2–P2O5–H2O system has been studied at the refluxing temperatures of the mother liquors. The solid phase in equilibrium with the mother liquor containing 13–64% P2O5 had the components of TiO2 (29–32%), P2O5 (53–54%), and H2O (15–16%); its composition was TiH2(PO4)2·H2O, which had already been known, but the solid phase in equilibrium with the mother liquor containing more than 64% P2O5 had as components TiO2 (31–32%), P2O5 (57–58%), and H2O (10–11%); therefore, its composition corresponded to TiH2(PO4)2·1/2H2O. The X-ray diffraction pattern of this compound was entirely different from that of monohydrate, and some large d-values were recognized. From the DTA and TGA, the processes of the dehydration of monohydrate and hemihydrate were also different from each other; however, both compounds were converted to titanium pyrophosphate (TiP2O7) at 800 °C. TiH2(PO4)2·H2O can adsorb sodium ions, but the ions of a large radius, such as potassium and cecium, are not adsorbed. In contrast to this, TiH2(PO4)2·1/2H2O had an excellent ion-exchange property; its ion-exchange capacities were 4.0 meq/g to K+ and 2.0 meq/g to Cs+ at pH 4. These capacities were about eight times those of monohydrate. The solubilities of the phosphate used as an ion-exchanger were remarkably low. Therefore, the titanium dihydrogen bis (phosphate) hemihydrate thus obtained may be utilized as a useful inorganic ionexchanger for potassium and cesium ions.
The Thermal Changes in Gels of the SiO2–Al2O3–Sc2O3–H2O System
Authors: Kasai Mitsuhiro , Hamada Shuichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The DTA patterns of synthesized coprecipitated gels, the SiO2–Al2O3–Sc2O3–H2O system, resembled that of allophane as well as those of coprecipitated gels, the SiO2–Al2O3–M2O3–H2O system (M: Fe, Ga, or In). The exothermic reaction around 980 °C in the DTA was confirmed to arise from the formation of mullite. The scandium-rich coprecipitated gels showed a new small exothermic peak at about 1000 °C, based on the formation of thortveitite in the DTA. The apparent activation energy for the mullite formation on the coprecipitated gels decreased with an increase in the scandium content. A large portion of the scandium in the coprecipitated gels was deposited as the thortveitite by heating, while that in the mixed gels was deposited as the scandium oxide. The behavior of such trivalent cations as gallium, iron(III), indium, and scandium in the silicoalumina gels was discussed.
The Polarography of trans-Cobalt(III) Complexes of Tetradentate Schiff Bases and α-Methylbenzylamine in N,N-Dimethylformamide and Methanol Solutions
Authors: Kodama Mutsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polarographic behavior of mixed-ligand cobalt(III) complexes of tetradentate Schiff bases and α-methylbenzylamine (pheNH2) of the general formula of [CoZ(pheNH2)2]+ in methanol and N,N-dimethylformamide solutions was studied. At the dropping mercury electrode, these metal complexes give well-defined, two-step waves corresponding to the reduction of cobalt (III) to cobalt(II) and that of cobalt(II) to cobalt(I). A careful and systematic study of their polarographic behavior revealed that the reaction mechanism in the presence of uncomplexed pheNH2 can be formulated as:
& [CoZ(pheNH_2)_2]^++e^-\ightleftarrows[CoZ(pheNH_2)_2]^0
& [CoZ(pheNH_2)_2]^0+e^-\ightleftarrows[CoZ(pheNH_2)_2]^-
while, in the absence of pheNH2, the reaction mechanism for the second step of the N,N′-ethylenebis(acetylacetoneiminato) and N,N′-ethylenebis(benzoyIacetoiminate) systems is given by:
[CoZ(pheNH_2)_2]^0+e^-\ightleftarrows[CoZ(pheNH_2)]^-+pheNH_2
This can be ascribed to the labile nature of the axial ligand, pheNH2, in these two complexes. The introduction of halogen atoms on the methyl or methylene carbon of N,N′-ethylenebis(acetylacetoneiminato) and that of the benzene ring on the framework of the equatorial ligand remarkably shifted the half-wave potential towards more positive potentials. This fact suggests the electron withdrawal from the cobalt atom by these groups. Furthermore, by examining the nature of the half-wave potentials the redox orbitals of N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato) and o-phenylenebis(salicylideneaminato) systems were concluded to be essentially different from those of other Schiff-base systems.
The Crystal Structure of β-K4SiW12O40·9H2O Containing an Isomer of the Keggin Ion
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuko Y , Kobayashi Akiko , Sasaki Yukiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
β-K4SiW12O40·9H2O is orthorhombic, with the space group Pnma and a=20.62(1), b=15.57(1), c=12.95(1) Å, Dm=4.88 g cm−3 and Dx=5.04 g cm−3 for Z=4. The crystal contains a discrete β-SiW12O404− polyanion, a geometrical isomer of the α-SiW12O404− with the well known Keggin structure. The idealized Keggin ion has a Td symmetry, but the β-isomer has only a Cs symmetry. Mutual transformation between the α- and β-structures is possible through a 60° rotation of one of the four W3O13 units, which make a cage around a SiO4 tetrahedron in both structures. The other possible geometrical isomers of the Keggin structure are discussed.
Metal Complexes of Amino Acids. VIII. Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonances of Cobalt(III) Complexes Containing l-Aspartic and l-glutamic Acids
Authors: Yasui Takaji , Ama Tomoharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The 13C NMR spectra of cobalt(III) complexes containing l-aspartic acid or l-glutamic acid as unidentate, bidentate, or bridged ligand were measured, and the relationship between the coordination types and the changes in chemical shift of carboxyl carbons in these amino acid complexes was discussed. Two structural isomers were newly separated for the trans (O)-[Co en2(l-aspH2 or l-gluH2)2]X3 complex by a column chromatographic method. The structures of the earlier eluted isomers for the trans(O)-[Co en2(l-aspH2)2]X3 and -[Go en2(l-gluH2)2]X3 complexes were assigned to trans(O0) Oγ) and trans(O0, Oδ) (O0, Oγ and Oδ indicate the coordinated oxygen atoms of C0OO, CγOO, and CδOO), respectively, and the structures of the later eluted isomers for the both complexes to trans(O0, O0), on the basis of the shift patterns of carboxyl carbons.
Adducts of Bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)metal(II) with Uni-and Bidentate Nitrogenous Bases
Authors: Izumi Fujio , Kurosawa Ryoko , Kawamoto Hiroshi , Akaiwa Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Base adducts of the types: M(hfa)2(py)2, M(hfa)2phen, and M(hfa)2bpy [M=Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II); Hhfa=hexafluoroacetylacetone; py=pyridine; phen=1,10-phenanthroline; bpy=2,2′-bipyridine] were prepared, and their infrared spectra were examined in detail. These adducts have a cis-octahedral configuration except for Ni(hfa)2(py)2. The metal-oxygen stretching frequencies of the adducts in the 405–370 cm−1 region decrease along the series: nickel(II)&gt;cobalt(II)&gt;copper(II)&gt;zinc(II). Adduct formation leads to the marked weakening of Cu–O bonds in the copper(II) adducts, which is ascribable to the equatorial ligation of the neutral bases. The mass spectral studies of M(hfa)2phen and M(hfa)2bpy revealed that the addition of a neutral ligand affects the fragmentation of the complex remarkably. The exceptional behavior of Cu(hfa)2phen under electron impact is explained in terms of the tendency of copper(II) ion to undergo valency change.
The Crystal Structure of Trichlorotin–pentacarbonylmanganese, Cl3Sn–Mn(CO)5
Authors: Onaka Satoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of trichlorotin–pentacarbonylmanganese, Cl3Sn–Mn(CO)5, has been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. The crystal is monoclinic; a=14.10(1), b=13.38(5), c=13.27(2) Å, and β=97.39(21)° with the P21/c space group and with Z=8. The structure, established by the heavy-atom method, has been refined by a least-squares method based on 2581 reflections collected by diffractometry to give an R value of 10%. The asymmetric unit contains two quite similar molecules. The geometry around the tin atom is distorted tetra-hedrally, while the manganese atom exhibits a distorted octahedral coordination. The four equatorial carbonyl groups are displaced from the equatorial plane toward the tin atom. There is an approximate mirror plane through the Sn–Mn–CO(axial) axis. The Sn–Mn bond distance, 2.590(5) Å, is shorter by about 0.08 Å than that of the triphenyl and trimethyl analogues. The mean Mn–C distance of 1.87 Å is longer than that of the trimethyl analogue. These changes in bond distances may be interpreted in terms of the π-interaction between the two metal atoms, which is more pronounced in the chloro-derivative than in the methyl derivative.
An X-Ray Diffraction Study of the Structures of the Hexachloro-and Hexabromoplatinate(IV) Ions in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Maeda Masunobu , Akaishi Takeshi , Ohtaki Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structures of the PtCl62− and PtBr62− complexes in aqueous solution were determined by means of X-ray diffraction measurements of concentrated solutions of hexachloro- and hexabromoplatinic acids. Analysis of X-ray scattering data showed that the PtCl62− and PtBr62− complexes have a regular octahedral symmetry. The interatomic distances within the complexes are: Pt–Cl, 2.33 Å; cis-Cl–Cl, 3.30 Å; trans-Cl–Cl, 4.66 Å; Pt–Br, 2.47 Å; cis-Br–Br, 3.50 Å; trans-Bv–Br, 4.94 Å. These distances are in good agreement with those reported in crystals of hexahalogenoplatinate(IV) compounds.
Photolysis of Methyl Benzenesulfonate in Methanol
Authors: Izawa Yasuji , Kuromiya Naoki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The irradiation of methyl benzenesulfonate (1) in methanol undergoes a photolysis (Φdisapp=0.07±0.005) leading to benzene (5–34%), biphenyl (9–15%), and anisole (trace), in place of a photo-addition of methanol to give bicyclohexene derivatives. The rate of desulfonation of 1 is only slightly affected by triethylamine. Stern-Volmer quenching by piperylene occurs and the results suggest a significant singlet participation in this photolysis.
The Photosensitized Oxygenation of Furanoeremophilanes. I. The Isomeric Hydroperoxides from Petasalbin and Their Transformations to Lactones
Authors: Naya Keizo , Kanazawa Reizo , Sawada Michikazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photosensitized oxygenation of petasalbin I gave almost quantitatively a crystalline mixture of two isomeric hydroperoxides, V-a and V-b, both of which were then transformed to the corresponding lactones, VI-a and VI-b, respectively, in good yields. The stereochemistry of these hydroperoxides and lactones has been established by spectral and chemical methods. Furthermore, two natural lactones, III and IV, were prepared by the reduction of the hydroperoxides.
Favorable Conformations of 2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-hexopyranose Derivatives
Authors: Taga Tooru , Osaki Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The conformational free energies of 2-amino-2-deoxy (hydrochloride) and 2-acetamido-d-deoxy derivatives of d-glucose, d-galactose, and d-mannose were calculated by using the empirical potential functions. The most stable conformations of these amino sugars were obtained for α- and β-anomers in the Cl and 1C chair forms through the procedure of searching for the energy minimum. The results of the energy calculations indicate that the increased anomeric effect in the protonated and N-acetylated amino derivatives in an aqueous solution is mainly due to the electrostatic interaction between the positive-charged amino group on C(2) and the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon atom, C(1).
Cycloaddition Reactions of N-Sulfinylsulfonamides with Ketenimines
Authors: Minami Toru , Takimoto Futoshi , Agawa Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
N-Sulfinylsulfonamides, 1a, b, reacted with ketenimines, 2, in ether to give the unstable [2+2] cycloadducts, 3-ylidene-1,2,4-thiadiazetidin-1-oxides, 3, which were then readily hydrolyzed to the N,N′’-disubstituted amidine derivative, 4, in good yields. The reaction of N-sulfinylmethanesulfonamide (1b) with diphenylketen-N-p-tolylimine (2d) at 130 °C gave the exchange product, N-sulfinyl-p-toluidine (5) in a 70% yield via the intermediate cycloadduct. In contrast to 2d, the reaction of N-sulfinyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (1a) and phenylethylketen-N-phenylimine (2f), under the same conditions, led to the formation of a mixture of N-phenyl-N′-p-toluenesulfonyl-2-phenyl-trans- (6a) and cis-2-butenoamidine (6b) in an 81% yield.
Dielectric Dispersion and Relaxation Mechanism in Some Trifluoro Compounds at Microwave Frequencies
Authors: Purohit H D , Sharma H S , Vyas A D 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The permittivity and dielectric loss of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and trifluoroacetic acid have been measured in benzene solutions at three microwave frequencies, 24.01, 9.83, and 6.01 GHz and also at 1 MHz and optical frequency at 35 °C. The permittivity and dielectric loss at different frequencies have been plotted against concentration (wt. fraction). The slopes of these straight lines have been used for the complex plane plots (a′ vs. a″). The complex plane plots for 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and trifluoroacetic acid are of the Cole-Cole type. The relaxation time (τ0) and distribution parameter (α) have been calculated. The values of dipole moments (μ) of these compounds have also been calculated and reported, The relaxation mechanism in these two compounds has been explained.
Chemistry of Nitrosoimines. XII. Reactions of 3-Substituted 2-Nitrosoimino-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazoles with Alkyl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Akiba Kin-ya , Hisaoka Motoyuki , Kawamura Takayuki , Inamoto Naoki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
3-Substituted 2-nitrosoimino-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazole (1) reacts with primary or secondary alkyl Grignard reagents to afford bis[o-(N-substituted amino)phenyl] disulfide, 3-substituted 2-N′-alkyl- and 2-N′,N′-dialkylhydrazono-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazoles as major products. In the reactions with secondary alkyl Grignard reagents, 3-substituted 2-N′-alkylidenehydrazono-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazole was also produced. The general feature of the reaction of 1 with Grignard reagents has been summarized and is discussed.
Syntheses of Tetracyclo[7.3.0.03,7.04,10]dodecane-2,8-dione (“[8]Diisotwistane-2,8-dione”) and8,9-Benzotricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decane (“Benzoisotwistane”)
Authors: Nakazaki Masao , Naemura Koichiro , Yoshihara Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tetracyclo[7.3.0.03,7.04,10]dodecane-2,8-dione (“[8]diisotwistane-2,8-dione”) was synthesized from trans-anti-2,5-dioxo-7,8-diethoxycarbonylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane which was prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of hydroquinone with diethyl fumarate. 8,9-Benzotricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decane (“benzoisotwistane”) was also synthesized from 2-oxo-5-endo-ethoxycarbonyl-7,8-benzotricyclo[2.2.2]octane which was obtained by the Diels-Alder reaction of β-naphthol with ethyl acrylate.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of d(+)-Sorbose by Chloramine-T
Authors: Sanehi R , Gupta K C , Mehrotra R M , Mushran S P 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetics of oxidation of d(+)-sorbose by chloramine-T has been investigated in high alkaline media. The reaction shows a brief induction period after which a first order dependence in both chloramine-T and substrate is followed. The order in hydroxide ion is observed as fractional being 1.3 under the experimental conditions. The values of energy of activation, frequency factor and entropy of activation have been computed as 28.2 kcal mol−1, 2.90×1019 1 mol−1 s−1 and +29.8 e.u. respectively. A plausible mechanism consistent to the experimental result is proposed.
Racemization of Amino Acid Residues Fused in Thiazoline, Oxazoline, and Imidazoline Rings
Authors: Yonetani Ken , Hirotsu Yoshihiro , Shiba Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For the purpose of study on racemization of exo methine carbon atom of thiazoline, oxazoline or imidazoline ring, the following four compounds were synthesized from amino acid imino ether: 2-(1-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethyl)-2-thiazoline (I), methyl 2-(1-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethyl)-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylate (II), methyl 2-(1-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethyl)-2-oxazoline-4-carboxylate (III), and 2-(1-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethyl)-2-imidazoline (IV). A racemization rate of the alanine residue was measured from an optical rotation of 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivative obtained from the acid hydrolyzate and from hydrogen-deuterium exchange reaction at α-carbon atom. All these compounds were found to be racemized very easily particularly in the presence of proton source. From the experimental results, a plausible mechanism for racemization peculiar to such heterocyclic compounds through protonation-deprotonation process was presented.
Photochemical Reactions of Azido-1,3,5-triazines with Hydrocarbons and Ketones
Authors: Kayama Ryuichi , Shizuka Haruo , Sekiguchi Shizen , Matsui Kohji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-Azido-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (1) produced 2-cyclohexylamino-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine as the sole major product upon irradiation at 254 nm in cyclohexane by the intermolecular insertion of the triazinyl nitrene into cyclohexane, while in the reaction with cyclohexene a derivative of the aziridine type was produced by the addition of triazinyl nitrene to the double bond of cyclohexene. In the photochemical reaction of 1 with ketones, 3,3-dialkyl derivatives of 5,7-dimethoxy-3H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4.3-a]-s-triazine were obtained. The reaction is assumed to proceed via the electrophilic attack of the singlet nitrene on the carbonyl oxygen of the ketones followed by cyclization to give the final products. However, in the thermal reaction of 1 with ketones only 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine was obtained.
The Substituent Effect. X. Solvolysis of 3- and 4-Substituted 1-(1-Naphthylethyl) Chlorides
Authors: Tsuno Yuho , Sawada Masami , Fujii Takahiro , Yukawa Yasuhide 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rates of the solvolysis of eleven 3- and 4-substituted 1-(1-naphthylethyl) chlorides were determined in 80% (v/v) aqueous acetone solution at 45 °C. The effect of substituents in 3- and 4-positions of the naphthalene can be correlated with the LArSR relationship (logk⁄k0)3α,4α=−5.12(σ0+1.04Δ\barσR+)−0.12 (correlation coefficient, 0.999; standard deviation, ±0.12). The ρ value in the naphthalene is slightly larger and the r value is slightly smaller than values in the corresponding benzene system under the same condition (ρ=−4.95, r=1.15). The difference is reasonably interpreted in terms of the steric effect for the peri-hydrogen relative to the reaction center at the α-position of the naphthalene. The effect of substituents can be correlated with the LSFE relationship for conjugatively electron releasing groups with high precision (R&gt;0.999) in the series, 3α and 4α; (logk⁄k0=ρiσi+ρπ+σπ+). In this solvolysis, the 3α/4α inductive ratio, ρi,3α/ρi,4α was 1.37, only slightly larger than the meta/para inductive ratio of 1.17 for the corresponding reaction in the benzene series. The applicability of these equations to 3- and 4-substituted α-naphthyl system is also shown for some other reactivities.
The Chlorine Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance in an Organic Free Radical, p-Cl-EDPA
Authors: Yoshioka Toshio , Yamauchi Jun , Ohya-Nishiguchi Hiroaki , Deguchi Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The 35Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance in a stable organic free radical, 1,3-bisdiphenylene-2-p-chlorophenyl-allyl, has been measured from 4.2 to 1.6 K. On lowering the temperature, the resonance line became weaker and broader, and it disappeared near the Néel temperature. This behavior has been interpreted in terms of the presence of a hyperfine interaction.
The Substituent Effect. XI. Solvolysis of 5-, 6-, and 7-Substituted 1-(1-Naphthylethyl) Chlorides
Authors: Tsuno Yuho , Sawada Masami , Fujii Takahiro , Tairaka Yoshihiko , Yukawa Yasuhide 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Fourteen 5-, 6-, and 7-substituted 1-(1-naphthylethyl) chlorides were prepared and the solvolysis rates were determined in 80% (v/v) aqueous acetone at 45 °C. The effects of −R substituents at respective positions were treated on the basis of the equation, logk⁄k0=ρiσi+ρx+σx+=ρ(Cijσi+qrij+σπ+). The position dependency of the inductive effect was given by Cij(=ρi⁄ρi,4α); C3α=1.37, C4α=1.00, C5α=0.75, C6α=0.57, and C7α=0.72. The Cij values appear to be correlated with Dewar’s simplified field function 1/rij. The position dependency of Pi-electronic effect given by the ratio ρπ+⁄ρi,4α=qr·ij+ was consistent with the prediction from the MO indices, such as Forsyth’s Δqij(ArCH2+ parameters. The same treatment was applied also to three other naphthalene reactivities, detritiation, pKa of α-naphthoic acids and pKa of naphthylammonium ions. The linear ρi–ρi relation holds among these reactions, suggesting a reaction-independent scheme of the inductive transmission. The qr·ij+ values vary at conjugate positions with reaction but not at non-conjugate positions irrespective of reactions. The results are discussed in comparison with those of relevant treatments.
The Effects of the Properties of Trunk Polymers on the Flocculating Action of Graft Copolymers
Authors: Miyata Namiko , Sakata Isao , Senju Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Acryl amide (AM) was graft copolymerized onto hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEG), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), amylose (AL), and amylopectin (AP), whose molecular extensions in an aqueous solution are different. The graft copolymers were then purified by means of fractional precipitation. The effects of the properties of the trunk polymers of the graft copolymers on their jlocculating action for kaolin suspensions were examined. It was found that: 1) when the molecular weights (\barMn) of the copolymers were equal, their flocculating action was much influenced by the kind of trunk polymer (HEC, AL, PVA, and AP) and decreased in that order; 2) the differences in their flocculating action are due to the differences in their molecular extensions in an aqueous solution; and 3) the flocculating action of the copolymers increased with an increase in the \barMw of the branched poly AM (PAM), but was, however, scarcely affected by a small number of grafted PAM per trunk polymer molecule.
ESR Studies of the Triplet-state Dimers of Michler’s Ketone Metal Ketyls in Glassy Solutions
Authors: Fujita Hideo , Kako Saburo , Ohya-Nishiguchi Hiroaki , Deguchi Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ESR spectra (the ΔMs=±1 and ΔMs=±2 transitions) of the triplet-states of Michler’s ketone metal ketyl dimers are observed in glassy solutions at 77 K. For these metal ketyl dimers, the correlation of the mean separation between spins to the radius of the counter cation was experimentally examined.
Structural Changes of Iron Oxides by Ball-Milling in Different Media
Authors: Uehara Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and α-Fe2O3 subjected to steel ball-milling in water changed into a spinel-type solid solution, while in polar organic media no remarkable changes occurred. In non-polar media, the γ-Fe2O3 and a part of the Fe3O4 were transformed into α-Fe2O3, although α-Fe2O3remained unchanged. The diffraction lines of the resulting α-Fe2O3 broadened markedly.
Weak Fluorescence from [2.2]Metacyclophane
Authors: Shizuka Haruo , Ogiwara Toshio , Morita Toshifumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Weak fluorescences from [2.2]metacyclophane (MCP) were observed: the normal and intramolecular excimer fluorescences were at 305 and 361 nm respectively. It has been shown that a rapid radiationless deactivation due to the interaction between the two benzene rings in MGP occurs preferentially and the excimer formation responsible for the photocyclization takes place to a small extent.