bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theta and alpha oscillations in human hippocampus and medial parietal cortex support the formation of location‐based representations
Authors: Satish Akul , Keller Vanessa G. , Raza Sumaiyah , Fitzpatrick Shona , Horner Aidan J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOur ability to navigate in a new environment depends on learning new locations. Mental representations of locations are quickly accessible during navigation and allow us to know where we are regardless of our current viewpoint. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research using pattern classification has shown that these location‐based representations emerge in the retrosplenial cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, regions theorized to be critically involved in spatial navigation. However, little is currently known about the oscillatory dynamics that support the formation of location‐based representations. We used magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recordings to investigate region‐specific oscillatory activity in a task where participants could form location‐based representations. Participants viewed videos showing that two perceptually distinct scenes (180° apart) belonged to the same location. This “overlap” video allowed participants to bind the two distinct scenes together into a more coherent location‐based representation. Participants also viewed control “non‐overlap” videos where two distinct scenes from two different locations were shown, where no location‐based representation could be formed. In a post‐video behavioral task, participants successfully matched the two viewpoints shown in the overlap videos, but not the non‐overlap videos, indicating they successfully learned the locations in the overlap condition. Comparing oscillatory activity between the overlap and non‐overlap videos, we found greater theta and alpha/beta power during the overlap relative to non‐overlap videos, specifically at time‐points when we expected scene integration to occur. These oscillations localized to regions in the medial parietal cortex (precuneus and retrosplenial cortex) and the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus. Therefore, we find that theta and alpha/beta oscillations in the hippocampus and medial parietal cortex are likely involved in the formation of location‐based representations.
Retroperitoneal biloma—A rare differential diagnosis of perirenal fluid accumulation
Authors: Hanawa Kazushi , Fukasawa Masanari , Aoki Tadashi , Nozawa Munehiro , Takihana Yoshio , Mishina Yuji , Nakagomi Hiroshi 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionNontraumatic biliary rupture and retroperitoneal biloma infrequently occur. Here, we report a case of retroperitoneal biloma due to spontaneous left hepatic duct perforation, which was difficult to differentiate from a perirenal abscess.Case presentationA 94‐year‐old female patient was hospitalized with symptoms of fatigue and right back pain that lasted for 5 days. Computed tomography revealed fluid accumulation in the retroperitoneum, and urinary extravasation and right perinephric abscess were suspected. Antimicrobial treatment and drainage with ureteral stents and urethral catheters demonstrated no symptom improvement. Ultrasound‐guided puncture of the abscess revealed the presence of bile. Pigtail catheter drainage improved symptoms and inflammatory response. After diagnosis, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed bile leakage, and a bile duct stent was inserted.ConclusionBiloma can cause perirenal fluid accumulation, and they should be considered an origin of perirenal fluid accumulation when urinary tract lesions are excluded.
Microbiome changes under enteral deprivation are dynamic and dependent on intestinal location
Authors: Bar‐Yoseph Haggai , Metcalfe‐Roach Avril , Cirstea Mihai , Finlay B. Brett 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe microbiome has a pivotal role in intestinal health, and nutrition has a major role shaping its structure. Enteral deprivation, in which no oral/enteral nutrition is administered, is common in hospitalized/gastrointestinal patients. The dynamics that enteral deprivation exerts on the microbial community, specifically in the small intestine, are not well understood.MethodsEnteral deprivation was modeled with exclusive parenteral nutrition (EPN) mice. Mice were allocated to receive either EPN or saline and chow (control) and euthanized after 0, 2, 4, or 6 days. DNA was extracted from jejunum, ileum, and colon content. 16S sequencing was used to compare changes in microbial communities between groups. Functional pathways were predicted using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States.ResultsEPN‐treated mice showed community changes throughout the intestine. Beta diversity in colon showed clear separation between the groups (Bray‐Curtis, P < 0.001). Time‐dependent dynamics were seen in ileal but not jejunal samples. Alpha diversity was lower in the colon of EPN mice compared with control/baseline mice (Chao1, P < 0.01) but not in ileum/jejunum. Progressive loss of single‐taxon domination was seen, most notably in the small intestine. This was accompanied by increases/decreases in specific taxa. A clear separation was seen in the functional capacity of the community between fed and enterally deprived mice at the ileum and colon, which was observed early on.ConclusionsEnteral deprivation disturbs the microbial community in a spatial and dynamic manner. There should be further focus on studying the effect of these changes on the host.
Structural characterization of a novel polysaccharide from Tremella fuciformis and its interaction with gut microbiota
Authors: Song Haizhao , Lu Jing , Chu Qiang , Deng Rou , Shen Xinchun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBecause of their diverse biological activities, polysaccharides derived from Tremella fuciformis have received growing attention. This study aimed to investigate the structural characterization of a purified polysaccharide (designated as PTP‐3a) derived from T. fuciformis and explore its interaction with gut microbiota in vitro.RESULTSThe findings revealed that PTP‐3a had a molecular weight of 1.22 × 103 kDa and consisted of fucose, glucose, xylose, mannose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 0.271:0.016:0.275:0.400:0.038. The primary linkage types identified in PTP‐3a were 1,3‐linked‐manp, 1,4‐linked‐xylp and 1,2,3‐linked‐fucp, with corresponding ratios of 0.215:0.161:0.15. In addition, PTP‐3a demonstrated notable thermal stability and exhibited a triple‐helical structure. Moreover, following in vitro fermentation for 48 h, PTP‐3a was efficiently utilized, resulting in a reduction in carbohydrate levels, the production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and pH adjustment. Furthermore, during in vitro fecal microbial fermentation, PTP‐3a decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes while increasing the proportions of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, resulting in a significantly reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Additionally, PTP‐3a stimulated the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Parabacteroides merdae, Gordonibacter pamelaeae, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and Parabacteroides distasonis. Importantly, a strong correlation was observed between the production of SCFAs and specific microorganisms.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggested that PTP‐3a has potential as a prebiotic for modulating the gut microbiota. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Maltreatment, resilience, and sexual relationship power in a sample of justice‐involved women with opioid use disorder
Authors: Annett Jaxin , Tillson Martha , Dickson Megan , Levi Mary , Webster J. Matthew , Staton Michele 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJustice‐involved women frequently report maltreatment and intimate relationships characterized by violence and abuse throughout adulthood. The present study aimed to (a) investigate the association between victimization and sexual relationship power (SRP) among justice‐involved women with opioid use disorder (OUD) and (b) explore resilience as a potential moderating factor of the association between victimization and SRP. Under the ongoing Kentucky Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN) cooperative, justice‐involved women (N = 700) were randomly selected from eight jails in Kentucky, screened for OUD, consented to participate, and interviewed by research staff. SRP was examined using the Sexual Relationship Power Scale, a validated instrument with two distinct subscales measuring decision‐making dominance (DMD) and relationship control (RC); prior maltreatment was measured using the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs General Victimization Scale, and resilience was assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale. Linear regression was used to examine the association between maltreatment and SRP, with three models constructed to account for SRP, DMD, and RC, controlled for demographic characteristics. Finally, we examined whether the association between victimization and SRP varied as a function of resilience. Significant negative associations between maltreatment and the SRP were observed, ps < .001. Resilience moderated the association between maltreatment and DMD, p = .005; however, resilience did not moderate the associations between maltreatment and SRP, p = .141, or RC, p = .735. These findings highlight the importance of increasing resilience in justice‐involved women with OUD to reduce the impact of maltreatment on SRP. Prioritizing resilience may offer significant benefits for preventing and addressing maltreatment.
Constitutional varus knee due to tibial deformity is common and represents a good indication for high tibial osteotomy in Japanese population: Consideration of 1010 knees
Authors: Abe Kensaku , Goshima Kenichi , Morinaga Toshio , Nozaki Masahiro , Fukushima Hiroaki , Kato Jiro , Hanaki Shunta , Demura Satoru , Murakami Hideki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of varus knee deformities in the Japanese population, prevalence of various around knee osteotomy procedures and influence of femoral and tibial bowing.MethodsVarus knee deformity was defined as a weight‐bearing line ratio of <50%. A total of 1010 varus knees were selected from 1814 varus knees with weight‐bearing full‐length radiographs, obtained at two facilities, based on exclusion criteria. Various parameters were measured, and around knee osteotomy simulations based on the deformity centre were conducted using digital planning tools. Bowing of the femoral and tibial shafts was measured, with bowing defined as follows: ≤ −0.6° indicating lateral bowing and ≥ 0.6° indicating medial bowing. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate age‐related correlations and their impact on surgical techniques.ResultsThe study revealed that the proximal tibia was the centre of deformity in Japanese varus knees (42.8%), and high tibial osteotomy was frequently indicated (81.6%). Age demonstrated a mild correlation with femoral shaft bowing (r = −0.29), leading to an increase in the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle and to a decrease in the hip–knee–ankle angle and weight‐bearing line ratio (r = −0.29, 0.221, 0.219). The tibial shaft bowing was unaffected by age (r = −0.022).ConclusionA significant proportion of Japanese individuals with varus knees exhibit a deformity centre located in the proximal tibia, making them suitable candidates for high tibial osteotomy. No age‐related alterations were discerned in tibial morphology, indicating that the occurrence of constitutional varus knees is attributable to tibial deformities in the Japanese patient cohort.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Characterization of cerebral radiation necrosis following the treatment of sinonasal malignancies
Authors: Wu Eric L. , Patel Atur , McGunigal Mary C. , Johng Stephanie Y. , Mortazavi Armin , Jay Ann K. , Ahn Peter H. , Anaizi Amjad N. , DeKlotz Timothy R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesOur study aims to determine the incidence and potential risk factors for cerebral radiation necrosis (CRN) following treatment of sinonasal malignancies.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐two patients diagnosed with sinonasal malignancies over an 18‐year period were identified at two institutions. Forty‐six patients meeting inclusion criteria and treated with radiation therapy were included for analysis. Demographic and clinical‐pathologic characteristics were collected and reviewed. Post‐treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at least 1 year following treatment was reviewed to determine presence or absence of CRN.ResultsCRN was identified on MRI in 8 of 46 patients (17.4%) following radiation treatment. Patients with a history of reirradiation were more likely to develop CRN (50% vs. 10.5%, p < .05). The BEDs of radiation were also higher in CRN patients compared to non‐CRN patients, but this difference was not significant (p > .05). CRN patients had a higher proportion of tumors with skull base involvement than non‐CRN patients (100% vs. 57.9%, p = .037). Demographics, comorbidities, pathology, primary tumor subsite, chemotherapy use, and stage of disease demonstrated no significant increase in risk of CRN.ConclusionsReirradiation and tumor skull base involvement were significant risk factors associated with CRN. Higher average total prescribed and BEDs of radiation were seen in the CRN groups, but these differences were not statistically significant. Gender, comorbidities, tumor subsite, tumor location, and treatment type were not significantly different between groups.Level of evidenceLevel 3.
The cavernous sinus: An anatomic study with clinical implication
Authors: Pensak Myles L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe management of lesions involving the cavernous sinus remains a formidable challenge. To optimize care for patients with tumors extending into this skull base region a detailed understanding of the surrounding osteology as well as neural and vascular relationships is requisite. This thesis examines the gross anatomy of the region and highlights important surgical implications drawn from these as well as previously published studies.MethodsA review of the historical scientific, anatomic, clinical, and surgical literature extending to the present (1992) relating to the cavernous sinus has been performed and discussed. Additionally, the author has performed and described cadaveric dissections revealing novel details about the macroscopic (dural and neurovascular anatomic relationships) and microscopic structure of the cavernous sinus. A series of cases of cavernous sinus pathologies that were addressed in an interdisciplinary surgical approach at the author's institution is also reported.ResultsIncluded in this report is a comprehensive review of the embryology of the cavernous sinus and its associated neurovascular structures. Cadaveric dissections have also revealed novel details about dural/meningeal compartments of the cavernous sinus as well as well as associated arterial, venous, and neural relationships. Microscopic observations also reveal novel fundamental insights into the components and structure of the cavernous sinus. Clinical examples from 20 patients illustrate the critical importance for clinical application of cavernous sinus anatomic knowledge to the surgical treatment of pathologies in this region.ConclusionThe cavernous sinus is a tripartite venous osteomeningeal compartment intimately neighboring vital structures including the optic tracts, pituitary gland, cranial nerves III, IV, V, V, VI, and the internal carotid artery. Surgical management of cavernous sinus lesions has and continues to evolve with increasing anatomic and clinical study as well as advancements in diagnostic and surgical methodologies.Level of EvidenceNA.
A 22‐year single institution review of 119 cases of salivary duct carcinoma
Authors: Han Ethan J. , Mukdad Laith A. , Alhiyari Yazeed , Nakhla Morcos N. , Sajed Dipti P. , St. John Maie A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveSalivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and aggressive salivary gland malignancy. Herein, we present the largest single‐institution review of SDC to date.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of all histologically confirmed cases of SDC seen at our institution from January 1, 2002, to August 1, 2022. Patient demographics, treatment, histological characteristics, tumor staging, and outcomes were extracted from the electronic medical record. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression survival analyses were performed.ResultsThis study included 119 patients with a mean age of 66.2 years. Most primary tumors arose from the parotid gland (72.3%), and 23.5% were noted to be carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenoma. 57.1% of patients presented with regional lymph node metastasis, whereas 23.5% presented with distant disease. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated a 62.4% 5‐year overall survival (OS) and a 69.0% 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS). Univariate analyses indicated that presence of regional lymph node disease (p<.001), distant metastasis (p<.001), perineural invasion (p = .027), and lymphovascular invasion (p = .018) were predictive of decreased OS and DSS. Trastuzumab administration was not associated with survival in HER‐2‐positive patients receiving chemotherapy. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that presence of nodal disease (HR 30.337, 95% CI 2.782–330.851, p = .005) and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (HR 5.54, 95% CI 1.024–29.933, p = .047) were associated with decreased OS.ConclusionOur patients had more favorable survival rates compared to prior studies, which may be due to lower incidence of nodal disease. Factors associated with worse survival included nodal and distant metastases, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor size.Level of EvidenceLevel 3.
Prognostic factors of palatal adenoid cystic carcinoma: A single‐center analysis of 85 cases
Authors: Gu Baoxin , Chi Yanting , Wu Wenjie , Zhong Yiwei , Zhang Jianyun , Zhang Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the clinicopathological characteristics of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the palate and to identify the factors affecting prognosis.MethodsThe medical records of 85 patients with primary ACC of the palate treated with surgery, with or without adjuvant radiotherapy/chemotherapy, from 2009 to 2019 were reviewed. The relationship of different clinical parameters with locoregional recurrence (LR), distant metastasis (DM), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.ResultsMedian follow‐up time was 44.6 months. LR and DM rates were 24.7% and 25.9%, respectively, and the 5‐year OS and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were 85.9% and 55.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that positive margins were independently associated with the risk of LR (p < .001). Positive margins (p = .001) and high histological grade (p = .031) were significantly associated with shorter OS.ConclusionPositive surgical margins are a strong adverse prognostic factor affecting LR and OS in patients with ACC; apart from that, high histopathological grade is an independent predictor of poor OS.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 (Prognosis – Cohort study).
Geospatial evaluation of access to otolaryngology care in the United States
Authors: Pozin Michael , Nyaeme Mark , Peterman Nicholas , Jagasia Ashok 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis county‐level epidemiological study evaluated the travel distance to the nearest otolaryngologist for continental US communities and identified socioeconomic differences between low‐ and high‐access regions.MethodsGeospatial analysis of publicly available 2015–2022 NPI records was combined with US census data to identify geospatial gaps in otolaryngologist distribution. Moran's index geospatial clustering in distance to the nearest county with an otolaryngologist was used as the core metric for differential access determination. Univariate logistic analysis was conducted between low‐ and high‐access counties for 20 socioeconomic and demographic variables.ResultsNationally, the average person was 22 miles from an otolaryngologist. 444 counties were identified as geospatially “low access” with increased travel distance in the Midwest, Great Planes, and Nevada with a median of 47 miles. 1231 counties in the Eastern United States and Western Coast were identified as “high access” with a 3‐mile median travel distance. Areas of low access to otolaryngological care had smaller median populations (12,963 vs. 558,306), had smaller percent Black and Asian populations (2% vs. 11%, 1% vs. 5%, respectively), had a greater percent American Indian population (2% vs. 1%), were less densely populated (8 vs. 907 people per square mile), had fewer percent college graduates (20% vs. 34%), and fewer otolaryngologists per county (median: 0.01–20).ConclusionThese findings highlight disparity in otolaryngology care in the United States and the need for otolaryngology funding initiatives in the Midwest and Great Plains regions.Level of EvidenceLevel 3.
Design and Fabrication of Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial Porous Metallo‐Polymeric Microsphere for Water Disinfection
Authors: Gupta Anil R. , Rank Monika , Singh Aneesha , Sharma Saroj 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn expedient and efficient approach is used to synthesize a new class of metallo‐polymeric microspheres (MPMs) as antimicrobials to succumb the wide range of bacteria from water. Three types of MPMs, that is, poly[Silver (I)‐methacrylate‐co‐methylmethacrylate] (pAgMA), poly[Copper (II)‐methacrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate] (pCuMA), and poly[Nickel (II)‐methacrylate‐co‐methylmethacrylate] (pNiMA), are prepared via radical suspension polymerization technique in 3D shape with porous texture. The structural and morphological characterization of the prepared microspheres are examined by analytical techniques. The antimicrobial potentialities of prepared MPMs are investigated at the laboratory scale study, revealing that the MPMs exhibit strong antibacterial activity (≈99.9% killing) against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria [Enterobacter hormaechei (EH), Bacillus megatarium (BM), and Bacillus bataviensis (BB)]. The MacConkey agar medium test reveals that MPMs have substantial biocidal efficacy against broad‐spectrum Gram‐negative bacteria present in tap water. The MPMs exhibit significant antimicrobial efficacy via contact killing owe to the presence of integrated biocidal metal moiety, which represents that the MPMs are safe for water disinfection.
Generation and utilization of endostatin‐sensitive cell lines for assessing the biological activity of endostatin
Authors: Qin Xi , An Yifang , Li Xiang , Huang Fang , Zhou Yong , Pei Dening , Bi Hua , Shi Xinchang , Fan Wenhong , Ding Youxue , Li Shuang , Li Shanhu , Wang Junzhi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecombinant proteins are gaining increasing popularity for treating human diseases. The clinical effectiveness of recombinant proteins is directly related to their biological activity, which is an important indicator in drug development and quality control. However, certain recombinant proteins have unclear or complex signal pathways, making detecting their activity in vitro difficult. For instance, recombinant human endostatin (endostatin), a new antitumor drug developed in China, lacks a sensitive and stable assay for its biological activity since being market approval. To address this issue, we performed a genome‐wide screening of immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout library containing 20,000 targeted genes. We identified two potential endostatin‐resistant genes, NEPSPP and UTS2, and successfully constructed a highly sensitive cell line, HUVEC‐UTS2‐3#, by knocking down the UTS2 gene. Based on the optimized parameters of HUVEC‐UTS2‐3# cells, we established a new method for detecting the biological activity of endostatin. The method was validated, and it produced results consistent with primary HUVEC cells but with higher sensitivity and more stable data. The use of gene‐editing technology provides a novel solution for detecting the biological activity of recombinant proteins that other methods cannot detect.