bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of behavioral function in public schools and a clarification of terms
Authors: Kates‐McElrath Kelly , Agnew Maria , Axelrod Saul , Bloh Christopher L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe discipline‐related component of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires that schools conduct a Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) when a student's behavior disrupts the educational environment and/or results in suspension from school. Applied behavior analysts often make a distinction between the terms functional assessment/functional behavioral assessment, and functional analysis yet there exists no consensus on how that distinction should be made. A relevant review of the literature was conducted to identify research articles using functional analysis or functional assessment methodology in public school settings in an effort to identify the specific procedures employed by each. Results of the review support the existence of a discrepancy between proposed and actual school‐based assessment models, as well as other claims regarding functional assessment research. We address the problem of distinguishing between the terms assessment and analysis as they relate to procedures employed to determine behavioral function of students exhibiting aberrant behavior. A clarification of terms is proposed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The long term successful treatment of the aggressive/destructive behaviors of a preadolescent with autism
Authors: Foxx Richard M. , Meindl James 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA program was developed for reducing the aggressive/destructive behavior of a 13‐year‐old boy with autism. All previous interventions had been ineffective. The program included a high density of positive reinforcement, tokens, choice making, response cost, overcorrection, and physical restraint. Treatment occurred in a self‐contained classroom at a school for children with special needs. All of the boy's aggressive/destructive behaviors were reduced to at or near zero levels and these effects have been maintained for over a year. He has made excellent progress in a number of academic areas. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the determination of venlafaxine in human plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Wei Zhang , Bing‐ren Xiang , Cai‐yun Wang 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric (LC–MS) method for the determination of venlafaxine in human plasma has been developed. Samples were prepared using liquid–liquid extraction and analyzed on a C18 column interfaced with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Positive electrospray ionization was employed as the ionization source. The mobile phase was methanol–water containing 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate, pH 7.9 adjusted with aqueous ammonia (80:20, v/v) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The analyte and internal standard clozapine were both detected by use of selected ion monitoring mode. The method was linear in the concentration range of 1.0–200.0 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1.0 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviation across three validation runs over the entire concentration range was less than 10.1%. The accuracy determined at three concentrations (5.0, 50.0 and 150.0 ng/mL for venlafaxine) was within ±10.0% in terms of relative error (RE). The method was successfully applied for the evaluation of pharmacokinetic profiles of venlafaxine capsule in 20 healthy volunteers. The results show AUC, Tmax, Cmax and T1/2 between the testing formulation and reference formulation have no significant difference (p > 0.05). Relative bioavailability was 103.4 ± 14.1%. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPLC method for the determination and pharmacokinetic studies of four triterpenoids in rat plasma after oral administration of Ganoderma lucidum extract
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Liu Rongxia , Sun Jianghao , Guan Shuhong , Yang Min , Bi Kaishun , Guo Dean 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFour major triterpenoids (ganoderic acids C2, B, K and H) in rat plasma after oral administration of G. lucidum extract were analyzed quantitatively by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma samples taken from rats were acidified with hydrochloric acid and extracted with dichloromethane–ethyl acetate (90:10). The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax SB‐C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at 35°C, with a linear gradient of acetonitrile and 0.03% aqueous phosphoric acid (v/v), at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The four triterpenoids and internal standard (hydrocortisone) were detected at a wavelength 252 nm. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 > 0.99) within test ranges. The relative deviation of this method was less than 10% for intra‐ and inter‐day assays, and the accuracy ranged from 89 to 108%. The extract recovery for the four triterpenoids and internal standard ranged from 95 to 67%, and the QC samples were found to be stable according to the results of the stability study. This is the first report on determination of the major triterpenoids in rat plasma after oral administration of G. lucidum extract and the results provided a firm basis for clarifying the pharmacological effect of G. lucidum and evaluating the clinical applications of this medicinal fungus. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diurnal rhythm of the chromatin protein Hmgb1 in rat photoreceptors is under circadian regulation
Authors: Hoppe George , Rayborn Mary E. , Sears Jonathan E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHmgb1 belongs to a family of structure‐specific DNA binding proteins with DNA chaperone‐like properties that mediate chromatin remodeling in a wide range of nuclear processes including regulation of transcription, DNA repair, genome stability, and stress response. A diurnal oscillation of Hmgb1 at the protein level occurs in rat retinal photoreceptor cells and to a lesser extent in bipolar neurons. Expression of Hmgb1 was least at night at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 18 and maximal in the middle of the lights‐on period (ZT6). Since rhythmic expression of Hmgb1 protein in photoreceptors continued in complete darkness, it is likely under control of a circadian clock. Within photoreceptor nuclei, Hmgb1 colocalized with acetylated histone H3, a marker of euchromatin. Outside the nucleus a distinct smaller‐sized isoform of Hmgb1 was present in photoreceptor inner segments and bound to a membrane fraction with characteristics of endoplasmic reticulum membranes. The rhythmic expression of Hmgb1 protein may underlie the circadian change in chromatin remodeling in addition to histone acetylation. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:219–230, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Luminescent Eu(III) and Gd(III) Trisbipyridine Cryptates: Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Substituent Effects
Authors: Guillaumont Dominique , Bazin Hervé , Benech Jean‐Marc , Boyer Marion , Mathis Gérard 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSynthesis, absorption spectra and luminescence properties of a series of lanthanide trisbipyridine cryptates Ln⊂RBpy⋅RBpy⋅RBpy, where Ln=Eu, Gd and R=H, COOH, COOCH3, CONH(CH2)2NH2 are described. Comparison of the unsubstituted parent compound with the substituted compounds shows that bipyridine substitution doesn′t alter significantly the photophysical properties of the lanthanide cryptate. The absorption maximum is slightly red‐shifted when three bipyridines are substituted, whereas substituting one bipyridines has a negligible effect on the absorption spectra. The experimental triplet state energy is between 21 600 and 22 100 cm−1 for the series of compounds and the luminescence lifetimes at 77 K are between 0.5 and 0.8 ms in H2O and equal to 1.7 ms in D2O. The experimental characterizations are completed by DFT and TD‐DFT calculations to assess the ability of these approaches to predict absorption maxima, triplet state energies and structural parameters of lanthanide cryptates and to characterize the electronic structure of the excited states. The calculations on the unsubstituted parent and substituted compounds show that absorption maxima and lowest 3ππ* triplet state energies can be accurately determined from density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent (TD) DFT calculations.
Endothelial cells in peripheral blood of healthy subjects and patients with metastatic carcinomas
Authors: Rowand Jason L. , Martin Grace , Doyle Gerald V. , Miller M. Craig , Pierce Michael S. , Connelly Mark C. , Rao Chandra , Terstappen Leon W. M. M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground:A lack of standardized assays and consensus of cell definition has lead to a wide variation in the reported range of circulating endothelial cells (CECs).Methods:An automated rare cell analysis system was used to enumerate nucleated, CD146+/CD105+/CD45− CECs in 4 mL of blood.Results:Recoveries of spiked HUVECs were linear over a range of 0–1,241 cells (R2 ≥ 0.99) with recoveries of ≥70% at each spike level. Correlation coefficient values for interoperator variability and duplicate sample variation were (R2 = 0.99 and 0.90), respectively. Correlation of CEC counts between tubes 1–2 and 2–3 drawn from the same subject in sequence differed (R2 = 0.48 and 0.63, respectively). The normal CEC reference range established in 249 healthy donors was 1–20 CECs/mL blood. CEC counts were significantly higher in the 206 metastatic carcinoma patients (P < 0.0001).Conclusion:CECs can be accurately and reproducibly enumerated in blood and are elevated in metastatic carcinomas compared with healthy donors. Phlebotomy procedures can affect endothelial cell counts. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Versican proteolysis mediates myocardial regression during outflow tract development
Authors: Kern Christine B. , Norris Russell A. , Thompson Robert P. , Argraves W. Scott , Fairey Sarah E. , Reyes Leticia , Hoffman Stanley , Markwald Roger R. , Mjaatvedt Corey H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn important phase of cardiac outflow tract (OFT) formation is the remodeling of the distal region of the common outlet in which the myocardial sleeve is replaced by with smooth muscle. Here we demonstrate that expression of the proteoglycan versican is reduced before the loss of myocardium from the distal cardiac outlet concomitant with an increase in production of the N‐terminal cleavage fragment of versican. To test whether versican proteolysis plays a role in OFT remodeling, we determined the effects of adenoviral‐mediated expression of a versican isoform devoid of known matrix metalloproteinase cleavage sites (V3) and an N‐terminal fragment of versican (G1). V3 expression promoted an increase in thickness of the proximal OFT myocardial layer independent of proliferation. In contrast, the G1 domain caused thinning and interruptions of the OFT myocardium. These in vivo findings were consistent with findings using cultured primary cardiomyocytes showing that the V3 promoted myocardial cell–cell association while the G1 domain caused a loss of myocardial cell–cell association. Taken together, we conclude that intact versican and G1‐containing versican cleavage products have opposing effects on myocardial cells and that versican proteolysis may facilitate the loss of distal myocardium during OFT remodeling. Developmental Dynamics 236:671–683, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A tuberculosis vaccine based on phosphoantigens and fusion proteins induces distinct γδ and αβ T cell responses in primates
Authors: Cendron Delphine , Ingoure Sophie , Martino Angelo , Casetti Rita , Horand Françoise , Romagné François , Sicard Hélène , Fournié Jean‐Jacques , Poccia Fabrizio 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPhosphoantigens are mycobacterial non‐peptide antigens that might enhance the immunogenicity of current subunit candidate vaccines for tuberculosis. However, their testing requires monkeys, the only animal models suitable for γδ T cell responses to mycobacteria. Thus here, the immunogenicity of 6‐kDa early secretory antigenic target‐mycolyl transferase complex antigen 85B (ESAT‐6‐Ag85B) (H‐1 hybrid) fusion protein associated or not to a synthetic phosphoantigen was compared by a prime‐boost regimen of two groups of eight cynomolgus. Although phosphoantigen activated immediately a strong release of systemic Th1 cytokines (IL‐2, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α), it further anergized blood γδ T lymphocytes selectively. By contrast, the hybrid H‐1 induced only memory αβ T cell responses, regardless of phosphoantigen. These latter essentially comprised cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for Ag85B (on average + 430 cells/million PBMC) and few IFN‐γ‐secreting cells (+ 40 cells/million PBMC, equally specific for ESAT‐6 and for Ag85B). Hence, in macaques, a prime‐boost with the H‐1/phosphoantigen subunit combination induces two waves of immune responses, successively by γδ T and αβ T lymphocytes.
Aqueous‐Mediated N‐Alkylation of Amines
Authors: Singh Chingakham B. , Kavala Veerababurao , Samal Akshaya K. , Patel Bhisma K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDirect N‐alkylation of primary amines to secondary/tertiary amines and of secondary amines to tertiary amines has been achieved in excellent yields by employing alkyl, benzylic and allylic halides in the presence of NaHCO3 in an aqueous medium at an elevated temperature. Amines of differentstereoelectronic nature react with ease with different halides. The selective formation of secondary amines and the formation of three different substituted tertiary amines are some of the interesting features of this methodology. Reaction in an aqueous medium, operationally convenient conditions, excellent yields and innocuous byproducts, and the absence of transition‐metal catalysts, expensive bases, solid supports and the formation of undesired quaternary ammonium salts makes this method a green chemical process. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Novel Synthesis of Carbamate‐Linked Oligosaccharides by a Modified Curtius Rearrangement
Authors: Sawada Daisuke , Sasayama Shinya , Takahashi Hideyo , Ikegami Shiro 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe describe a novel stereospecific synthesis of various carbamate‐linked disaccharides using sugar carboxylic acids and sugar alcohols by a modified Curtius rearrangement. Furthermore, we applied this method to the synthesis of carbamate‐linked oligosaccharides including a dendritic molecule. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Composition of the essential oil of Teucrium ramosissimum Desf. (Lamiaceae) from Tunisia
Authors: Hachicha Souleima F. , Skanji Thouraya , Barrek Sami , Ghrabi Zeineb G. , Zarrouk Hédi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe essential oil from aerial parts of Teucrium ramosissimum Desf. (Lamiaceae), endemic to North Africa, was isolated by steam distillation and analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Seventy‐four components were identified; the essential oil was mainly composed of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes at nearly the same amounts (41.9% and 42.3%, respectively). δ‐Cadinene (19.97%), α‐cadinol (9.93%) and germacradien‐4‐α‐1‐ol (8.68%) were the major compounds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of base excision repair gene polymorphisms on pancreatic cancer survival
Authors: Li Donghui , Li Yanan , Jiao Li , Chang David Z. , Beinart Garth , Wolff Robert A. , Evans Douglas B. , Hassan Manal M. , Abbruzzese James L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTo explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of DNA repair genes and overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer, we conducted a study in 378 cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma who were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between February 1999 and October 2004 and were followed up to April 2006. Genotypes were determined using genomic DNA and the MassCode method. Overall survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier plot, log‐rank test and Cox regression. We observed a strong effect of the POLB A165G and T2133C genotypes on overall survival. The median survival time (MST) was 35.7 months for patients carrying at least 1 of the 2 homozygous variant POLB GG or CC genotypes, compared with 14.8 months for those carrying the AA/AG or TT/TC genotypes (p = 0.02, log rank test). The homozygous variants of hOGG1 G2657A, APEX1 D148E and XRCC1 R194W polymorphisms all showed a weak but significant effect on overall survival as demonstrated by either log rank test or multivariate COX regression after adjusting for other potential confounders. In combined genotype analysis, a predominant effect of the POLB homozygous variants on survival was observed. When POLB was not included in the model, a slightly better survival was observed among those carrying none of the adverse genotypes than those carrying at least one of the adverse genotypes. These observations suggest that polymorphisms of base excision repair genes significantly affect the clinical outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer. These observations need to be confirmed in a larger study of homogenous patient population. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antitumor activity of ALK1 in pancreatic carcinoma cells
Authors: Ungefroren Hendrik , Schniewind Bodo , Groth Stephanie , Chen Wen‐Bin , Müerköster Susanne Sebens , Kalthoff Holger , Fändrich Fred 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this study, the authors investigated the expression of activin receptor‐like kinase 1 (ALK1) in pancreatic carcinoma and evaluated its potential role as a tumor suppressor in vitro and in vivo. Endogenous ALK1 expression was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in both pancreatic tumor tissue and peritumoral normal tissue from 6 patients and by RT‐PCR in 8/12 established pancreatic cancer cell lines. Ectopic expression of a constitutively active (ca) ALK1 mutant in TGF‐β sensitive PANC‐1 and COLO‐357 cells augmented transcriptional activation of a Smad2/3 responsive reporter, and slowed down basal growth in vitro. Both effects were further enhanced by TGF‐β/ALK5 stimulation, suggesting largely independent nuclear Smad signaling by both type I receptors. Upon orthotopic transplantation of PANC‐1‐caALK1 into immunodeficient mice, tumor size was strongly reduced and was associated with a lower microvessel density in the PANC‐1‐caALK1‐derived tumors. In vitro, this mutant efficiently blocked TGF‐β‐induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transdifferentiation and suppressed TGF‐β/ALK5‐mediated activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. Mechanistically, caALK1 silenced MyD118, an immediate TGF‐β target gene whose protein product, GADD45β, couples Smad signaling to p38 activation. These results show that ALK1 activation in pancreatic tumor cells is antioncogenic by inducing ALK5‐independent growth inhibition and by blocking TGF‐β/ALK5‐mediated epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transdifferentiation and, possibly, invasion and metastatic progression. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation of depurinating N3Adenine and N7Guanine adducts by MCF‐10F cells cultured in the presence of 4‐hydroxyestradiol
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Rogan Eleanor , Fernandez Sandra V. , Sheriff Fathima , Russo Jose , Cavalieri Ercole 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMetabolic conversion of endogenous estrogens, estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), to the catechol estrogens 4‐hydroxyE1(E2) [4‐OHE1(E2)] has been implicated in the initiation of cancer in rodents and humans. Evidence collected in our laboratories has shown that 4‐OHE1(E2) are enzymatically oxidized to E1(E2)‐3,4‐quinones [E1(E2)‐3,4‐Q], which have the potential to damage DNA by forming predominantly depurinating adducts, 4‐OHE1(E2)‐1‐N3Ade and 4‐OHE1(E2)‐1‐N7Gua, leading to the accumulation of mutations and probably cell transformation. The human breast epithelial cell line MCF‐10F has been transformed by treatment with E2or 4‐OHE2. We have used MCF‐10F cells to study the presence of adducts and conjugates after treatment with 4‐OHE2. To mimic the intermittent exposure of breast cells to endogenous estrogens, MCF‐10F cells were treated with 1 μM 4‐OHE2for a 24‐h period at 72, 120, 192 and 240 h postplating. Culture media were collected at each point, extracted by solid‐phase extraction and analyzed by HPLC connected with a multichannel electrochemical detector and/or ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Media from successive treatments with 4‐OHE2showed the formation of methoxy and cysteine conjugates, and the depurinating adducts 4‐OHE1(E2)‐1‐N3Ade. The amount of 4‐OHE1(E2)‐1‐N3Ade adducts was higher after the third treatment; smaller amounts of the 4‐OHE1(E2)‐1‐N7Gua adducts were detected after the second and third treatments. These results demonstrate that MCF‐10F cells oxidize 4‐OHE2to E1(E2)‐3,4‐Q, which react with DNA to form the depurinating N3Ade and N7Gua adducts. This DNA damage can play an important role in the 4‐OHE2‐induced mutations and transformation of MCF‐10F cells to malignant cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple histone deacetylases repress tumor suppressor gene ARHI in breast cancer
Authors: Feng Weiwei , Lu Zhen , Luo Robert Z. , Zhang Xiaohong , Seto Edward , Liao Warren S.‐L. , Yu Yinhua 
Published: January 2007

AbstractARHI is a maternally imprinted tumor suppressor gene that is expressed in normal breast and ovarian epithelial cells but not in most breast and ovarian cancers. Our earlier studies showed that histone deacetylases (HDACs) in complexes with transcription factors E2F1 and E2F4 play an important role in downregulating ARHI expression in breast cancer cells. To determine which HDAC or HDACs are responsible for repressing ARHI, we cotransfected vectors expressing HDACs 1–11 with an ARHI/luciferase reporter into SKBr3 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Expression of multiple HDACs consistently reduced ARHI promoter activity in a dose‐dependent manner. We also found that the expression level of HDACs 1–3 was higher in breast cancer cell lines than in normal breast epithelial cells. In agreement with their repressive function, depletion of HDACs 1, 3 and 11 not only significantly increased the ARHI promoter activity of the transfected reporter but also activated the transcription of the endogenous ARHI gene. Furthermore, depletion or inhibition of HDACs by small interfering RNA of HDAC11 or by trichostatin A, respectively, increased E2F acetylation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that HDACs 1 and 3 are bound to the ARHI promoter. Taken together, our results suggest that the activity of multiple HDACs contributes to the repression of the ARHI tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer cells. Since HDAC inhibitors are now being used to treat breast cancer, the reactivation of ARHI in these cancer cells may serve as a new biomarker with which to monitor the treatment effects. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.