bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creativity in events and practices: a lens for understanding children's multimodal texts
Authors: Pahl Kate 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article argues that it is possible to look at children's texts in relation to the lens of literacy events and practices from the New Literacy Studies, and apply this perspective to an understanding of creativity. Teachers can then use the possibilities within a text to ask children different kinds of questions. Drawing on a 2‐year ethnographic study of a partnership between a group of artists and teachers in an Infants School in England, and their impact on children's text‐making, the paper seeks to understand the ways in which such a text can be identified as creative. A detailed analysis of one child's text is offered as evidence of this argument. This account is set within a project to map children's play in a Foundation classroom.
Harnessing the power of film in the primary classroom
Authors: Watts Rowena 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper explores one way that teachers can develop creativity within potentially limiting confines and pressures of curriculum guidelines. The researcher considers the inclusion of film as a creative, engaging and effective strategy for teaching reading using data from a small‐scale research project. Hypotheses are based on analysis of activities that use moving image as an alternative text to printed books. During the project's teaching sequence, children are familiarised with film as a moving image, ideas are captured, the teacher demonstrates the use of techniques in meaning making, before the children finally show their understanding through their work. In this instance, the children were involved in making their own films, acting as directors, film crew, sound technicians, illustrators and narrators. As the partial purpose of the study was to explore the practical logistics of developing a creative teaching style within a structured curriculum, tight timings were an essential aspect of the validity of the work. All the teaching was completed within the normal hourly lesson for literacy, and the basic structure of lessons was maintained – an introduction with whole‐class work, followed by individual/paired or group work and concluded with a plenary. The researcher values the creative use of film as a powerful experience in itself and the study aimed to substantiate these beliefs by exploring both the accessibility and the results of harnessing the power of film within literacy teaching.
Pricing to Firm: an Analysis of Firm‐ and Product‐level Import Prices*
Authors: Halpern László , Koren Miklós 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe use Hungarian Customs data on product‐level imports of manufacturing firms to document that the import price of a particular product varies substantially across buying firms. We relate the level of import prices to firm characteristics such as size, foreign ownership, and market power. We develop a theory of “pricing to firm” (PTF), where markups depend on the technology and competitive environment of the buyer. The predictions of the model are confirmed by the data: import prices are higher for firms with greater market power, and for more essential intermediate inputs (with a high share in material costs). We take account of the endogeneity of the buyer’s market power with respect to higher import prices and unobserved cost heterogeneity within product categories. The magnitude of PTF is big: the standard deviation of price predicted by PTF is 21.5%.
Preliminary evaluation of vitiligo using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Ardigo M , Malizewsky I , Dell’Anna ML , Berardesca E , Picardo M 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground  Vitiligo is the most common pigmentary disorder with a global incidence from 0.1% to 2% in different geographical areas. Histopathology and histochemistry have shown the reduction of melanocytes in achromic patches, but microscopic changes of lesional and non‐lesional skin are still not completely understood. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), based on the different light reflectance index of cutaneous structures, allowed in vivo, en face microscopic evaluation of superficial skin layers with a resolution similar to skin histology.Aim  The purpose of this study was to evaluate RCM features of lesional and non‐lesional skin of vitiligo patients. Moreover, re‐pigmented areas were taken into consideration in order to evaluate melanocyte response to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation.Subjects and Methods  Sixteen patients of different phototypes affected by active non‐segmental vitiligo and 10 controls were enrolled in the study. In vivo skin imaging was done using a commercially available RCM (Lucid, Vivascope 1500®). Re‐pigmented areas from 6 to 16 patients (after UVB narrow‐band therapy) were also examined.Results  Vitiligo lesions showed the disappearance of the bright rings normally seen at the dermo‐epidermal junction. Moreover, non‐lesional skin of vitiligo patients showed unexpected changes as the presence of half‐rings or scalloped border‐like features of the bright papillary rings. In re‐pigmented areas after UVB narrow band therapy, the presence of activated, dendritic melanocytes was seen.Conclusions  Considering our results, and following further studies, RCM clinical applications could be used in the therapeutic monitoring and evaluation of the evolution of vitiligo.
Treating adolescents with social anxiety disorder in school: an attention control trial
Authors: Masia Warner Carrie , Fisher Paige H. , Shrout Patrick E. , Rathor Snigdha , Klein Rachel G. 
Published: June 2007

Background:  Anxiety disorders are often undetected and untreated in adolescents. This study evaluates the relative efficacy of a school‐based, cognitive‐behavioral intervention compared to an educational‐supportive treatment for adolescents with social anxiety disorder.Methods:  Thirty‐six students (30 females), ages 14 to 16, were randomized to a 12‐week specific intervention, Skills for Social and Academic Success (SASS), or a credible attention control matched for structure and contact, conducted in school.Results:  Independent evaluations and adolescent self‐reports indicated significant reduction in social anxiety for SASS compared to the control group. Parent reports of their children's social anxiety did not discriminate between treatments. In the specific intervention, 59%, compared to 0% in the control, no longer met criteria for social anxiety disorder following treatment. Superiority of the SASS intervention was maintained 6 months after treatment cessation.Conclusions:  The study provides evidence that intervention for social anxiety disorder that emphasizes exposure and social skills is efficacious. Results indicate that clinical improvement is sustained for at least 6 months, and that, overall, adolescents with social anxiety disorder do not respond to non‐specific treatment. This investigation has public health implications by demonstrating that effective interventions can be transported to nonclinical settings.
A Children of Twins Study of parental divorce and offspring psychopathology
Authors: D'Onofrio Brian M. , Turkheimer Eric , Emery Robert E. , Maes Hermine H. , Silberg Judy , Eaves Lindon J. 
Published: June 2007

Background:  Although parental divorce is associated with increased substance use and internalizing problems, experiencing the separation of one's parents may not cause these outcomes. The relations may be due to genetic or environmental selection factors, characteristics that lead to both marital separation and offspring functioning.Method:  We used the Children of Twins (CoT) Design to explore whether unmeasured genetic or environmental factors related to the twin parent, and measured characteristics of both parents, account for the association between parental divorce and offspring substance use and internalizing problems.Results:  The association between parental divorce and offspring substance use problems remained robust when controlling for genetic and environmental risk from the twin parent associated with parental divorce, and measured characteristics of both parents. The results do not prove, but are consistent with, a causal connection. In contrast, the analyses suggest that shared genetic liability in parents and their offspring accounts for the increased risk of internalizing problems in adult offspring from divorced families.Conclusions:  The study illustrates that unmeasured genetic and environmental selection factors must be considered when studying parental divorce. In explaining associations between parental divorce and young‐adult adjustment, our evidence suggests that selection versus causal mechanisms may operate differently for substance abuse (a causal relation) and internalizing problems (an artifact of selection). The CoT design only controls for the genetic and environmental characteristics of one parent; thus, additional genetically informed analyses are needed.
Developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms from early childhood to late adolescence: gender differences and adult outcome
Authors: Dekker Marielle C. , Ferdinand Robert F. , Van Lang Natasja D.J. , Bongers Ilja L. , Van Der Ende Jan , Verhulst Frank C. 
Published: June 2007

Background:  Limited information is available on gender differences and young‐adult poor outcome in children and adolescents following distinct developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms.Methods:  Parent information on depressive symptoms of 4‐ to 18‐year‐olds from an ongoing Dutch community‐based longitudinal multiple‐cohort study (N = 2,076) was used to estimate trajectories from semi‐parametric mixture models. The identified trajectories were used to predict depressive problems, general mental health problems, referral to mental health care, and educational attainment in young adulthood.Results:  In both genders six distinct developmental trajectories were identified. Gender differences existed not only in level, but also in shape and timing of onset of depressive problems. Only in girls was a chronic trajectory of early childhood‐onset depression identified. In both boys and girls a group with increasing levels of depressive symptoms was identified that reached a high level around adolescence, although boys showed an earlier onset. Two decreasing trajectories were found in boys, one reaching normative levels of depressive symptoms around late childhood and one around mid‐adolescence, while none was found for girls. Individuals who followed elevated trajectories during their whole childhood or starting at adolescence had significantly more depressive and other mental health problems in young adulthood compared to those who followed normative trajectories. Boys in these elevated trajectories showed lower educational attainment, while girls were more likely to have been referred to mental health care.Conclusions:  This study shows the value of estimating growth‐mixture models separately for boys and girls. Girls with early childhood or adolescence‐onset depressive problems and boys with depressive problems during childhood or starting in adolescence are especially at risk for poor outcome as young adults and should be considered candidates for intervention.
Rotenone selectively kills serotonergic neurons through a microtubule‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Ren Yong , Feng Jian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAs a major co‐morbidity of Parkinson’s disease (PD), depression is associated with the loss of serotonergic neurons. Our recent study has shown that midbrain dopaminergic neurons are particularly vulnerable to microtubule‐depolymerizing agents including rotenone, an environmental toxin linked to PD. Here we show that rotenone also selectively killed serotonergic neurons in midbrain neuronal cultures. Its selective toxicity was significantly decreased by the microtubule‐stabilizing drug taxol and mimicked by microtubule‐depolymerizing agents such as colchicine and nocodazole. Microtubule depolymerization induced by rotenone or colchicine caused vesicle accumulation in the soma and killed serotonergic neurons through a mechanism dependent on serotonin metabolism in the cytosol. Blocking serotonin synthesis or degradation, as well as application of antioxidants, significantly reduced the selective toxicity of rotenone or colchicine. Inhibition of vesicular sequestration of serotonin exerted a selective toxicity on serotonergic neurons that was mitigated by blocking serotonin metabolism. Over‐expression of parkin, a protein‐ubiquitin E3 ligase that strongly binds to microtubules, greatly attenuated the selective toxicity of rotenone or colchicine. The protective effects of parkin were abrogated by its PD‐linked mutations. Together, our results suggest that rotenone and parkin affect the survival of serotonergic neurons by impacting on microtubules in opposing manners.
Microsatellite loci for euglossine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: SOUZA R. O. , CERVINI M. , DEL LAMA M. A. , PAXTON R. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Neotropical Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are important pollinators of many flowering plants, particularly orchids. Lack of highly polymorphic genetic markers for euglossine species has limited the study of their social organization and inbreeding. We therefore developed microsatellite markers for two species, Eulaema nigrita (11 loci) and Euglossa cordata (nine loci), most of which were highly polymorphic in the source species and in a range of related euglossine bees.
CEO EQUITY PORTFOLIO INCENTIVES AND LAYOFF DECISIONS
Authors: Brookman Jeffrey T. , Chang Saeyoung , Rennie Craig G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCEOs with higher equity‐based compensation are widely believed to be more likely to act in shareholders' interests. Unlike less common acquisitions, voluntary liquidations, or seasoned equity offerings, layoffs are comparatively common elements of firms' operating strategies. We find that CEOs with at least one year of tenure who possess greater incentives from portfolios of restricted stock and stock option grants are more likely to announce layoffs, and that these layoffs create shareholder value. We conclude that accumulated portfolios of restricted stock and stock option grants encourage CEOs to adopt operating strategies that improve operating profits and stock performance.
MACROECONOMIC NEWS AND STOCK MARKET CALENDAR AND WEATHER ANOMALIES
Authors: Gerlach Jeffrey R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn analysis of six stock market calendar and weather anomalies from 1980 to 2003 shows that (1) returns on trading days in which macroeconomic announcements were made generate the anomalies and (2) five of the six anomalies are not present at all on the trading days in which such announcements were not made (more than 60% of the sample). The results suggest that the market response to macroeconomic news, not psychological or institutional factors, is the main source of calendar and weather anomalies.
STOCK MARKET REACTION TO ANTICIPATED VERSUS SURPRISE RATING CHANGES
Authors: Purda Lynnette D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractI examine whether bond rating changes can be anticipated by investors and test whether the stock price reaction to the eventual change varies as a result. All else equal, the market reaction to changes that could have been easily predicted should be significantly smaller than the reaction to changes that are largely a surprise. Although rating upgrades prove difficult to predict, approximately 20% of downgrades can be correctly predicted using a relatively small number of publicly available variables. There is no significant difference between the stock price reaction to anticipated versus unanticipated rating changes.
The Democratic Deficit of the European Union: Towards Closer Cooperation between the European Parliament and the National Parliaments
Authors: Neunreither Karlheinz 
Published: June 2007

During Recent Years, The Notion of The Democratic deficit has become, together with subsidiarity, or transparency, one of the most popdar subjects for conferences on European Union. While almost everyone seems to agree that a democratic deficit exists, it is far from certain that there is a general understanding of what is meant by it.The most radical meaning would be that the European Union (EU) as such is undemocratic and that its decision-making does not correspond to democratic norms. Quite often when national governments have to explain unpopular decisions of the EU, responsibility for these uncomfortable situations is attributed to a faceless monster, the ‘Brussels bureaucracy’. The assumption is that a very strong central authority exists which embodies the power of decision-making and that democratic accountability of this central authority either does not exist or at least is not sufficiently guaranteed. In other words, the EU institutional system does not comply with democratic norms. This is by far the most extreme definition of a democratic deficit.
Letter from Romania
Authors: Mungiu Alina , Pippidi Andrei 
Published: June 2007

More Than Four Years Have Passed Since The Uprising against Nicolae Ceausescu in December 1989. If the revolt of the Romanians, after years in which Ceausescu encountered practically no opposition to his personal harsh dictatorship, surprised the entire world, the subsequent evolution of Romanian society seemed to return to the sad pattern of old: a country with little democratic tradition and maybe the most damaged by communism of all Eastern European countries would be expected to meet great difficulties and take more time to become a freemarket, liberal-based democracy. What is left of this prognosis more than four years after Ceausescu's fall?Communism is dead, but the communist spirit continues to hover over Eastern Europe. In most of the states there is a peculiar resilience of the class structures imposed by the previous regime. This is not a new situation, which could explain in part the relative popularity of that system even in the countries where it was imported from abroad by Soviet military occupation. To speak nowadays about the popularity of communism, however relative, may sound like an affront to the numerous people who either perished in gaols and camps or barely survived after almost fifty years of political homogenization and isolation.
The Social Market and Liberal Order: Theory and Policy Implications
Authors: Sally Razeen 
Published: June 2007

During the Early 1990s the Term Social Market economy has been used rather loosely; this is not surprising since the theory is derived from a specifically German tradition of political economy with little or no resonance outside the Germanspeaking area. The leading thinkers in the genre are hardly known in English-speaking circles and most of their works remain untranslated.The fundamental purpose of this article is to present this rich and diverse strand of thought to a non-German audience barely aware of its existence, to point out possibilities for developing the international aspects of such a theory, and to highlight policy issues concerning the post-cold war European and international orders which can be addressed from social market perspectives.
Ministers, Civil Servants and the Constitution
Authors: Bogdanor Vernon 
Published: June 2007

Sammy Finer Contributed To so Many Areas of political science – comparative government, international relations, sociological theory, electoral studies – that it is often forgotten that his first love was public administration, the subject of his first two books, his Primer of public Administration, published in 1950 and his biography of Sir Edwin Chadwick published in 1952. In addition, Sammy published a seminal article on ‘The Individual Responsibiity of Ministers’ in the journal Public Administration in 1956.In that article, written in the aftermath of the Crichel Down controversy, Sammy refuted what he called the ‘folklore’ that surrounded the principle of individual responsibility, showing that there was no convention of resignation for administrative fault, and that, in any case, resignation was an ineffective remedy for departmental mismanagement.
A Case for Critical Terrorism Studies?
Authors: Gunning Jeroen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThat ‘terrorism research’ is mired by epistemological, methodological and political-normative problems is well established. What is usually overlooked is that, beyond the difficulties inherent in ‘terrorism research’, these problems are exacerbated by two further factors: the predominance of what Cox called a ‘problem-solving’ approach, and the dispersed nature of much of the more rigorous, ‘critical’ and conceptually innovative research on ‘terrorism’ in cognate fields that, for ideological, theoretical or practical reasons, are reluctant to engage with ‘terrorism studies’. A ‘critical turn’ is needed to reverse both these trends, but it must be inclusive and seek to be policy relevant.
Constructing Enemies: ‘Islamic Terrorism’ in Political and Academic Discourse
Authors: Jackson Richard 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe term ‘Islamic terrorism’ has become a ubiquitous feature of Western political and academic counter-terrorism discourse in recent years. Examining over 300 political and academic texts and employing a discourse analytic approach, this article attempts to describe and dissect the central terms, assumptions, labels, narratives and genealogical roots of the language and knowledge of ‘Islamic terrorism’ and to reflect on its practical and normative consequences. It concludes that for the most part, political and academic discourses of ‘Islamic terrorism’ are unhelpful, not least because they are highly politicized, intellectually contestable, damaging to community relations and practically counter-productive.
Constructing the ‘Ummah’ in European Security: Between Exit, Voice and Loyalty
Authors: Volpi Frédéric 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe security discourses and practices that grew exponentially in Europe after 9/11 facilitated the elaboration of a counter-discourse on identity and security among many Muslim communities. In this context, the state's attempts to ‘discipline’ the Muslim communities produced an instrumental alliance between officials and those Islamic leaders deemed moderate enough to represent the ‘Muslim community’. Undermining this alliance of convenience are not primarily the global terror networks that triggered the securitization overdrive but rather those ‘amateur jihadists’ whose individualized approaches to religiosity increasingly undermine the political efforts to organize and institutionalize Islamic authority inside the framework of the nation-state.
Hexane extracts from Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. protect stored maize against the weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: KOONA Paul , MALAA Dorothy , KOONA Olga E. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPowdered dried leaves of Tephrosia vogelii (Hook) (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) were extracted using hexane, acetone, and ethanol. The extracts were tested for their ability to protect stored maize from damage by Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, the major maize weevil in Africa. The acetone and ethanol extracts were ineffective, but the hexane extract had a relatively high efficacy, producing within 7 days a slow reduction in adult survival, reduced numbers of eggs laid and reduced numbers of F1 progeny, resulting in seed damage averaging 8.8% compared with 98.6% in the untreated control after one generation. This hexane extract provided control of S. zeamais at a higher level compared with neem (the botanical control) but at a lower level compared with pirimiphos‐methyl (the synthetic control). These findings are discussed in the context of T. vogelii containing rotenoids.