bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental Age in Children with a Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Huyskens Rinske W. F. , Katsaros Christos , Van't Hof Martin A. , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne M. 
Published: November 2005

Objective: To assess dental age in children with a complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and to compare this with a noncleft control group. Design: Two-group, mixed-longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Cleft group from an academic center for cleft lip and palate treatment. Noncleft control group from the same population. Patients: Participants included 70 Caucasian children with a full complement of teeth and a complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (45 boys and 25 girls) from the Cleft Palate Craniofacial Center at the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The control group (90 boys and 91 girls) was taken from the Nijmegen Growth Study. Main outcome measure: Dental age was assessed on orthopantomograms. In the unilateral cleft lip and palate group, linear interpolation in individual age curves was applied to obtain the dental age at 5, 9.5, and 14 years of age. For these ages, a comparison was made with the noncleft control group. Results: Boys and girls with a unilateral cleft lip and palate showed a significant delay in dental age, as compared with their noncleft peers at all three ages. This delay was more pronounced in boys than in girls. The gender effect was significant at chronological ages 5 and 14 years. Conclusions: Children with a complete unilateral cleft lip and palate have a delay in dental age, compared with noncleft children.
From Imperialism to Collaboration: How Do We Get There?
Authors: Stanton Domna C. 
Published: November 2005

I want to begin with some anecdotal facts:Item: a first-year seminar on multiethnicity in New York is taught at Barnard College only by the English faculty.Item: a senior seminar on epic and romance in the Middle Ages, announced in the fall 2002 offerings of the University of Michigan's English department, will include works by Chrétien de Troyes and Marie de France, but the only texts to be read in the original language are in Middle English.Item: a comparative literature course on modernism, magical realism, and postmodernism at the University of Michigan for fall 2002 will read texts by Proust, Kafka, Mann, Borges, García Márquez, Tekin, Calvino, and Pamuk in English only
Pourquoi? Explaining Ourselves to the Literature Major
Authors: Siskin H. Jay 
Published: November 2005

Sir Toby. Pourquoi, my dear knight?Sir Andrew. What is “Pourquoi”? Do or do not? I would I had bestowed that time in the tongues that I have in fencing, dancing, and bear-baiting. O, had I but followed the arts!–William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night (1.3)I was asked to address thequestions “why major in literature?” and “What do we tell our students?” I make this assignment explicit because my initial reflections left me bewildered. Is not the study of literature part of the humanistic mission of the liberal arts? Or has the major changed in some way that would prompt these questions? To be certain that I had not missed any reconceptualizations of the discipline, I decided to investigate the rationales for the study of literature over the past century.
World Borders, Political Borders
Authors: Balibar Etienne 
Published: November 2005

The work of the distinguished French political theorist and philosopher Etienne Balibar has emerged as profoundly significant in shaping post-1968 debates around class, race, national sovereignty, citizenship, and international human rights. The following essay is particularly relevant to this issue of PMLA insofar as the essay signals the importance of the border as a limit case for globalization and reflects on what the philosophical bases of citizenship would be in a postnational order of Europe.Borders, Balibar suggests, are products of the state's attributing to itself a right to property, which becomes, in turn, a limit case of institutions (their means of self-stabilization) that allows them to control subjects rather than be subject to their control. The police power of border control is the state's most undemocratic condition, its discretionary exemption from democracy. To democratize the border, he maintains, one must democratize this nondemocratic aspect of democratic sovereignty, a task that would be juridically difficult but that would be an act of political realism none the less, since borders inevitably shift whether nations want them to or not, redefined by socially trans bordered, culturally transnational, and economically global spaces.
The Commitment to Form; or, Still Crazy after All These Years
Authors: Mitchell W. J. T. 
Published: November 2005

Having counted the adjectives, and weighed the lines, and measured the rhythms, a Formalist either stops silent with the expression of a man who does not know what to do with himself, or throws out an unexpected generalization which contains five per cent of Formalism and ninety-five per cent of the most uncritical intuition.—Trotsky, Literature and Revolution (ch. 5)Bring out number weight & measure in a year of dearth.—Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (35)Everyone knows that the concept of form has outlived its usefulness in discussions of literature, the arts, and media. The word does not appear in the recent handbooks of critical terms in art history and literary studies issued by the University of Chicago Press (Nelson and Shiff; Lentricchia and McLaughlin), and it appears in Raymond Williams's classic glossary, Keywords, only in its derivative (and mainly pejorative) form as an “-ism,” as in the phrase “mere formalism.” Formalists, as we know, are harmless drudges who spend their days counting syllables, measuring line lengths, and weighing emphases (Trotsky), or they are decadent aesthetes who waste their time celebrating beauty and other ineffable, indefinable qualities of works of art. If form has any afterlife in the study of literature, its role has been completely overtaken by the concept of structure, which rightly emphasizes the artificial, constructed character of cultural forms and defuses the idealist and organicist overtones that surround the concept of form.
Comparative Literature?
Authors: Saussy Haun 
Published: November 2005

What is comparative literature? Not a theory or a methodology, certainly (which raises the question of why this article should appear in a series so entitled), though theories and methodologies aplenty occur as part of its typical business. Is there, or can there be, an object of knowledge identifiable as “comparative literature”?When I began hearing about comparative literature in the middle 1970s, there was a fairly straightforward means of distinguishing comparative literature on the university campuses where it was done. The English department pursued knowledge of language and literature in one language; the foreign language departments pursued similar studies in two languages (typically English, assumed to be most students' native language, plus the foreign tongue); and comparative literature committees, programs, or departments carried out literary analysis in at least three languages at once.
When Prostate Brachytherapy Fails: A Case Report and Discussion
Authors: Kadoch Cigall , D'Amico Anthony V. , Matthews Richard H. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
For appropriately selected brachytherapy patients, prostate-specific antigen failure is uncommon. Our patient experienced biochemical failure after 125I brachytherapy treatment for low-risk prostate adenocarcinoma. We suggest neoadjuvant/adjuvant hormonal therapy combined with pelvic external-beam radiation therapy as a reasonable salvage treatment. At the 2-year follow-up, he is apparently doing well. With limited data available, salvage management for this situation is presently investigational.
Air-vegetation partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls near a point source
Authors: Poon Clement , Gregory-Eaves Irene , Connell Lee Anne , Guillore Gaelle , Mayer Paul M. , Ridal Jeff , Blais Jules M. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
We investigated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) emissions to the environment from a waste treatment and transfer facility over the course of three years. We show that the facility, which undertakes PCB waste consolidation and maintains a lowyield incinerator for products such as light ballasts, acted as a point source for the spatial distribution of PCBs in vegetation. Concurrent air and vegetation sampling was performed to study the relationship between air-vegetation partitioning and the octanolair partition coefficient (KOA). We show evidence of equilibrium partitioning for lower-chlorinated congeners (log KOA between 7 and 8.5), kinetically limited deposition on plants for intermediate congeners (log KOA between 8.5 and 11), and particle-bound deposition for congeners with high log KOA values (&gt;11), consistent with the McLachlan partitioning model. From spring to autumn, heavier congeners become much more concentrated in samples farther away from the facility, possibly because of higher temperatures, which enhance dispersal of these congeners. Multivariate principal components analysis showed that PCB composition in vegetation near the emission source most closely resembled the Aroclor mixtures processed by the treatment facility.
Degradation of chloropicrin in the presence of zero-valent iron
Authors: Pearson Carrie R. , Hozalski Raymond M. , Arnold William A. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Hlonitromethanes (HNM) are a class of halogenated disinfection byproducts formed upon the addition of chlorine to water containing organic matter. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the reaction pathways and kinetics of three HNMs (chloropicrin or trichloronitromethane [TCNM], dichloronitromethane [DCNM], and chloronitromethane [CNM]) with zero-valent iron (Fe0). All three compounds reacted rapidly in the presence of Fe0 (1.8–4.4 g/L) with methylamine (MA) as the final product. The geometric surface area—normalized rate constants decreased with decreasing halogenation: TCNM (301 L/[h-m2]) &gt; DCNM (153 L/(h-m2)) &gt; CNM (45.9 L/[h-m2]). Nitromethane, an intermediate species, rapidly reacted to form MA (302 L/[h-m2]). These reactions all experienced some degree of mass transfer limitation (9–73%). The average carbon and chlorine mass balances for TCNM were &gt;85%, indicating that the major reaction products were recovered. The degradation of TCNM and DCNM proceeded via the parallel reaction pathways of hydrogenolysis and α-elimination. For TCNM, 60.7 ± 8.7% of reaction proceeded via hydrogenolysis and 39.3 ± 6.4% via α-elimination. Knowledge of HNM reaction pathways and kinetics in the presence of Fe0 may be useful for predicting the fate of these compounds in drinking water distribution systems containing cast or ductile iron pipe and for developing treatment systems for HNM removal from water.
Experimental and modeling investigation of metal release from metal-spiked sediments
Authors: Carbonaro Richard F. , Mahony John D. , Walter Alison D. , Halper Eve B. , Toro Dominic M. Di 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
In sediments that contain iron monosulfide, cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc, and silver(I) form insoluble metal sulfides that lower the metal ion activity in the sediment—pore water system, thereby reducing toxicity. However, metal sulfides are susceptible to oxidation by molecular oxygen resulting in metal solubilization. To better understand the sources and sinks of metal sulfides in sediments, iron monsulfide—rich freshwater sediments were spiked with cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc, or silver(I) and placed into cylindrical cores with an overlying layer of oxygen-saturated water. Measurements of the dissolved metal concentration in the overlying water were made as a function of time and the vertical profiles of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) were measured after 150 d. A one-dimensional reactive and transport model has been employed to help elucidate processes controlling the fate of metals in sediments. The model incorporates metal-sulfide formation, metal-sulfide oxidation, and metal partitioning onto sediment organic carbon and iron oxyhydroxide to simulate the vertical transport of metals throughout the sediment core.
Polychlorinated biphenyls and toxaphene in preferred prey fish of coastal southeastern U.S. bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Pulster Erin L. , Smalling Kelly L. , Maruya Keith A. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Legacy organochlorine (OC) contaminants continue to pose a potential risk to ecological and human health in coastal aquatic ecosystems of the southeastern United States. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and toxaphene (TOX) were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection and negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry in 77 composites of four inshore fish species commonly preyed upon by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from estuaries near Savannah, Georgia (SAV), Brunswick, Georgia (BRN), and Jacksonville, Florida (JAX), USA. Whereas seasonal and species-specific differences were minimal, differences among mean total PCB concentrations (∑PCBs) by estuary (42.0 ± 48.3, 1.59 ± 1.24, and 0.281 ± 0.075 μg/g lipid for BRN, JAX, and SAV, respectively) were highly significant. This estuary-specific trend also held true for mean total toxaphene concentrations (∑TOX): 49 ± 100 (BRN), 1.2 ± 0.52 (JAX), and 0.40 ± 0.19 μg/g lipid (SAV). Congener profiles of PCBs also were found to be significantly different among estuaries, with BRN and (to a lesser extent) JAX samples enriched with highly chlorinated homologs associated with Aroclor 1268, a legacy OC linked to a historical point source in Brunswick. The observed spatial heterogeneity in OC concentrations and PCB congener profiles suggests that contaminated fish from Brunswick pose the greatest risk to ecological and human health via biomagnification and seafood consumption; highly chlorinated PCBs (and possibly toxaphene) are transported in a southerly, alongshore direction; and the uniqueness of Aroclor 1268 underscores its utility as a signature proxy in future regional ecotoxicological studies.
PP/EVA blends: Mechanical properties and morphology. Effect of compatibilizers on the impact behavior
Authors: Maciel Alfredo , Salas Verónica , Manero Octavio 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe mechanical properties of blends of isotactic polypropylene (PP) and poly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl acetate)] (EVA) are studied under tension at several temperatures (from −30°C to room temperature). The morphology and thermal properties are given attention at every stage of the stretching process. To improve the impact resistance of the blends, poly[propylene‐graft‐(maleic anhydride)] (PPMA) and hydroxylated EVA (EVAOH) are used as compatibilizers. The domain size of the dispersed phase decreases with compatibilizer content, improving the impact resistance of the blends. This is accompanied with changes in the morphology of such systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 24: 241–252, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20050
Nanosecond pulsed electric field generators for the study of subcellular effects
Authors: Kolb Juergen F. , Kono Susumu , Schoenbach Karl H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractModeling and experimental studies have shown that pulsed electric fields of nanosecond duration and megavolt per meter amplitude affect subcellular structures but do not lead to the formation of large pores in the outer membrane. This “intracellular electromanipulation” requires the use of pulse generators which provide extremely high power but low energy pulses. In this study, we describe the concept of the required pulsed power sources, their design, operation, and the necessary diagnostics. Two types of pulse generators based on the Blumlein line principle have been developed and are described here. One system is designed to treat a large number of cells in cuvettes holding volumes from 0.1 to 0.8 ml. Pulses of up to 40 kV amplitude, with a duration of 10 ns and a rise time close to 1 ns can be applied to the cuvette. For an electrode gap of 1 mm this voltage corresponds to an average electric field of 40 MV/m. The second system allows for real time observation of individual cells under a microscope. It generates pulses of 10–300 ns duration with a rise time of 3.5 ns and voltage amplitudes up to 1 kV. Connected to a microreactor with an electrode gap of 100 µm, electric fields up to 10 MV/m are applied. Bioelectromagnetics 27:172–187, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does acute exposure to mobile phones affect human attention?
Authors: Russo Riccardo , Fox Elaine , Cinel Caterina , Boldini Angela , Defeyter Margaret A. , Mirshekar‐Syahkal Dariush , Mehta Amit 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that acute exposure to low level radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields generated by mobile phones affects human cognition. However, the relatively small samples used, in addition to methodological problems, make the outcomes of these studies difficult to interpret. In our study we tested a large sample of volunteers (168) using a series of cognitive tasks apparently sensitive to RF exposure (a simple reaction task, a vigilance task, and a subtraction task). Participants performed those tasks twice, in two different sessions. In one session they were exposed to RFs, with half of subjects exposed to GSM signals and the other half exposed to CW signals, while in the other session they were exposed to sham signals. No significant effects of RF exposure on performance for either GSM or CW were found, independent of whether the phone was positioned on the left or on the right side. Bioelectromagnetics 27:215–220, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent developments in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of peptides
Authors: Kašička Václav 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe article gives a comprehensive review on the recent developments in the applications of high‐performance capillary electromigration methods, zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography, to analysis, preparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides. The article presents new approaches to the theoretical description and experimental verification of electromigration behavior of peptides, covers the methodological aspects of capillary electroseparations of peptides, such as rational selection of separation conditions, sample preparation, suppression of peptide adsorption, new developments in individual separation modes, and new designs of detection systems. Several types of applications of capillary electromigration methods to peptide analysis are presented: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, purity control, determination in biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid and sequence analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some examples of micropreparative peptide separations are given and capabilities of capillary electromigration techniques to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
JIL‐1 kinase, a member of the male‐specific lethal (MSL) complex, is necessary for proper dosage compensation of eye pigmentation inDrosophila
Authors: Lerach Stephanie , Zhang Weiguo , Deng Huai , Bao Xiaomin , Girton Jack , Johansen Jørgen , Johansen Kristen M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe upregulation of the JIL‐1 kinase on the male X chromosome and its association with the male‐specific lethal (MSL) complex suggest that JIL‐1 may play a role in regulating dosage compensation. To directly test this hypothesis we measured eye pigment levels of mutants in the X‐linkedwhitegene in an allelic series ofJIL‐1hypomorphic mutants. We show that dosage compensation ofwaalleles that normally do exhibit dosage compensation was severely impaired in theJIL‐1mutant backgrounds. As a control we also examined a hypomorphicwhiteallelewethat fails to dosage compensate in males due to apogoelement insertion. In this case the relative pigment level measured in males as compared to females remained approximately the same even in the most severeJIL‐1hypomorphic background. These results indicate that proper dosage compensation of eye pigment levels in males controlled by X‐linkedwhitealleles requires normal JIL‐1 function. genesis 43:213–215, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction of Polyanions with Basic Proteins, 2
Authors: Shalova Irina N. , Asryants Regina A. , Sholukh Mikhail V. , Saso Luciano , Kurganov Boris I. , Muronetz Vladimir I. , Izumrudov Vladimir A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSummary: The ability of synthetic polyanions to suppress thermoaggregation of the oligomeric enzymes (glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase) has been established. The ability of the polyanions to reduce the thermoaggregation increased in the order poly(methacrylic acid) < poly(acrylic acid) < sodium poly(styrene sulphonate), which agreed well with the increase, in the same order, of the charge density of the chains. The lengthening of the chains, as well as the rise in their relative content, resulted in an increase of the ability to reduce thermoaggregation, mentioned above. Complete prevention of the enzyme aggregation was achieved when highly charged polyanions of a relatively high degree of polymerization were used in a concentration sufficient to solubilize the protein. Complexing with the polyanions prevented thermoaggregation of the enzymes, but not their thermodenaturation. The adverse effect of the complexing polyanions on the catalytic activity was reduced by the addition of a synthetic polycation, which resulted in a significant reactivation (up to 40%) of the enzyme. The possibility of preventing the thermoaggregation of enzyme molecules and then partly restoring the enzyme activity, appears to be of particular interest when studying the aggregation mechanism of proteins that are prone to form the amyloid structures responsible for the development of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Huntington disease. This finding can also be considered as an important step in the creation of artificial chaperones.
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Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization of Substituted Vinylcyclopropanes
Authors: Al‐Doaiss Aniss Abdo , Günther Wolfgang , Klemm Elisabeth , Stadermann Dietmar 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSummary: The photoinitiated cationic polymerization of 1‐cyclopropyl‐l‐phenyl‐ethylene, 1‐cyclopropyl‐l‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)ethylene and 1‐cyclopropyl‐l‐(p‐fluorophenyl)ethylene at ambient temperatures in bulk and in solution was investigated using (η5‐2,4‐cyclopentadiene‐l‐yl)[l,2,3,4,5,6‐η] (l‐(methylethyl) benzene)iron(I) hexafluorophosphate (Irgacure 261, I‐1) and ditolyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (I‐2). In contrast to our results in the polymerization of 2‐cyclopropyl‐4‐methylene‐l,3‐dioxolanes, partial ring‐opening of the cyclopropane ring could be detected. A volume shrinkage of about 11% was found.
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