bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic approach of inguinal hernia associated with adult cryptorchidism: case series and literature review
Authors: Ungureanu Claudiu , Stanculea Floris , Ginghina Octav , Cristian Daniel A , Grigorean Valentin T , Popescu Razvan , Georgescu Dragos , Iordache Niculae 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cryptorchidism is defined as the extra-scrotal position of the testes. It is a common disorder in male children, but rarely in adult patients. The association of cryptorchidism with hernia is a common finding in childhood, but is not frequent in adults or the elderly. Herein, we report a series of three cases (28-, 24-, and 34-year-old men) of adult inguinal hernia combined with cryptorchidism successfully managed by laparoscopic surgery under the same operative view. Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair and orchiectomy were performed in all patients. No complications occurred in the postoperative period, and the patients were discharged on the first or second postoperative day. Pathological examination of the specimens revealed atrophic testes without malignancy. No hernia recurrence was observed during follow-up. The laparoscopic approach in the combined pathology of inguinal hernia and cryptorchidism is feasible in adult patients and has multiple advantages in terms of diagnosis and management.
Polarized QED cascades over pulsar polar caps
Authors: Song Huai-Hang , Tamburini Matteo 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The formation of e± plasmas within pulsar magnetospheres through quantum electrodynamics (QED) cascades in vacuum gaps is widely acknowledged. This paper aims to investigate the effect of photon polarization during the QED cascade occurring over the polar cap of a pulsar. We employ a Monte Carlo-based QED algorithm that accurately accounts for both spin and polarization effects during photon emission and pair production in both single-particle and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Our findings reveal distinctive properties in the photon polarization of curvature radiation (CR) and synchrotron radiation (SR). CR photons exhibit high linear polarization parallel to the plane of the curved magnetic field lines, whereas SR photons, on average, demonstrate weak polarization. As the QED cascade progresses, SR photons gradually dominate over CR photons, thus reducing the average degree of photon polarization. Additionally, our study highlights an intriguing observation: the polarization of CR photons enhances e± pair production by approximately 5 per cent, in contrast to the inhibition observed in laser–plasma interactions. Our self-consistent QED-PIC simulations in the corotating frame reproduce the essential results obtained from single-particle simulations.
Autonomous disentangling for spectroscopic surveys
Authors: Seeburger Rhys , Rix Hans-Walter , El-Badry Kareem , Xiang Maosheng , Fouesneau Morgan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
A suite of spectroscopic surveys is producing vast sets of stellar spectra with the goal of advancing stellar physics and Galactic evolution by determining their basic physical properties. A substantial fraction of these stars are in binary systems, but almost all large-survey modelling pipelines treat them as single stars. For sets of multi-epoch spectra, spectral disentangling is a powerful technique to recover or constrain the individual components’ spectra of a multiple system. So far, this approach has focused on small samples or individual objects, usually with high-resolution ($R \gtrsim 10.000$) spectra and many epochs ($\gtrsim 8$). Here, we present a disentangling implementation that accounts for several aspects of few-epoch spectra from large surveys: that vast sample sizes require automatic determination of starting guesses; that some of the most extensive spectroscopic surveys have a resolution of only $\approx 2000$; that few epochs preclude unique orbit fitting; that one needs effective regularization of the disentangled solution to ensure resulting spectra are smooth. We describe the implementation of this code and show with simulated spectra how well spectral recovery can work for hot and cool stars at $R \approx 2000$. Moreover, we verify the code on two established binary systems, the ‘Unicorn’ and ‘Giraffe’. This code can serve to explore new regimes in survey disentangling in search of massive stars with massive dark companions, for example, the $\gtrsim 200\,000$ hot stars of the SDSS-V survey.
Evaluation of prognostic biomarkers in meningiomas and their clinical implications in settings with limited resources
Authors: Singh Jyotsna , Mohan Trishala , Sahu Saumya , Sharma Mehar C , Suri Ashish , Sarkar Chitra , Suri Vaishali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Central Nervous System (CNS) tumor classification for meningiomas acknowledges the clinical relevance of genomic profiling studies and emphasizes the importance of incorporating molecular information alongside histopathological features, leading to more accurate diagnoses and improved patient care.

Methods
We analyzed 206 meningioma samples (108 histological grade 1, 89 grade 2, and 9 grade 3) to study pTERT mutations, CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion, loss of H3K27me3, and p16 expression. The association of these molecular markers with survival outcomes was also assessed.

Results
pTERT mutation was found in 4.85% of cases, predominantly occurring in histological grade 2 (11.24%), while none of the histological grade 1 or 3 meningiomas exhibited this mutation. CDKN2A/B gene deletion was absent in grade 1 and detected in 2.24% of grade2, and 33.3% of histological grade 3 cases. There was a significant increase in loss of H3K27me3 with higher tumor grades, while p16 loss was observed in over 50% of cases across all histological grades. The presence of pTERT mutation and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion resulted in the reclassification of 5.33% (11/206) of meningiomas as integrated grade 3. pTERT mutation and CDKN2A/B deletion, emerged as prognostically relevant markers, showing significant differences in progression-free survival (PFS) between integrated grade 3 and histological grade 2 meningiomas (P = .0002).

Conclusions
pTERT mutations are the most clinically relevant genetic alterations in meningiomas. Routine testing for pTERT mutations can identify high-risk cases of histologically grade 2 meningiomas, providing crucial prognostic information for treatment planning. CDKN2A/B alteration is rare and not cost-effective in assessing meningiomas. Immunohistochemical assessment of p16 and H3K27me3 expression lacks significant prognostic value. Assessment of pTERT mutations offers a cost-effective and valuable diagnostic tool for meningiomas.
Narrative influence on support of a public policy: The case of nuclear power in The Netherlands
Authors: de Lint Lotte , Roßmann Maximilian , Vostroknutov Alexander 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We propose a new methodology to systematically transform presurveyed argument preferences into fictional narratives, that can help people to imagine the consequences of future events, and measure how they impact willingness to pay for a public policy. We apply narrative theory to construct two short narratives that depict an imaginary future, bleak due to climate change or energy dependence, and show experimentally that exposure to these narratives increases contributions in a Public Goods game, framed as payments toward the construction of new nuclear plant in The Netherlands. Our results suggest that fictional narratives can be used (and misused) as a tool of economic policy that allows conveying relevant information to people about complex issues. We discuss the ethical use of narratives and the value of their transparent construction for democratic will-formation and policy implementation when abstract factual information can be difficult to process or comprehend.
Jacobi–Lie Models and Supergravity Equations
Authors: Hlavatý Ladislav , Petr Ivo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Poisson–Lie T-duality/plurality was recently generalized to Jacobi–Lie T-plurality formulated in terms of double field theory and based on Leibniz algebras given by the structure coefficients fabc, fcab, and Za, Za. We investigate three- and four-dimensional sigma models corresponding to six-dimensional Leibniz algebras with fbba ≠ 0, Za = 0. We show that these algebras are plural one to another and, moreover, to an algebra with fbba = 0, Za = 0. These pluralities are used for construction of Jacobi–Lie models.
It was conjectured that plural models should satisfy generalized supergravity equations. We have found examples of models satisfying “true” generalized supergravity equations where no trivialization to usual supergravity equations is possible. On the other hand, we show that there are also models corresponding to algebras with fbba ≠ 0, Za = 0 where the Killing vector appearing in generalized supergravity equations either vanishes or can be removed by suitable gauge transformation. Such models then satisfy usual supergravity equations, i.e. vanishing beta-function equations.
Structural Change, Elite Capitalism, and the Emergence of Labour Emancipation
Authors: Ashraf Quamrul H , Cinnirella Francesco , Galor Oded , Gershman Boris , Hornung Erik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study argues that the decline of coercive labour institutions over the course of industrialization was partly driven by complementarity between physical capital and effective labour in manufacturing. Given the difficulty of extracting labour effort in care-intensive industrial tasks through monitoring and punishment, capital-owning elites ultimately chose to emancipate workers to induce their supply of effective labour and, thus, boost the return to physical capital. This hypothesis is empirically examined in the context of serf emancipation in nineteenth-century Prussia. Exploiting variation in proto-industrialization across Prussian counties, the analysis finds that, consistent with the proposed hypothesis, the initial abundance of elite-owned physical capital is associated with a higher pace of serf emancipation and lower redemption payments to manorial lords.
Talent, Geography, and Offshore R&D
Authors: Fan Jingting 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
I model and quantify the impact of a new dimension of globalization: offshore R&D. In the model, firms employ researchers across the globe to develop new product blueprints and then engage in offshore production and exporting. Frictions impeding trade and the separation of production from R&D lead to a “market-access” motive for offshore R&D, while cross-country differences in the distributions of firm knowhow and worker ability generate a “talent-acquisition” motive. I discipline the model using empirical facts derived from a new firm-level dataset. Counterfactual experiments show that the two motives can account for a significant portion of the observed offshore R&D. Incorporating offshore R&D amplifies the gains from globalization by a factor of 1.3 and generates new implications for the impacts of traditional forms of global integration, namely trade and multinational production.
Burlap and buddies: the effects of social enrichment (preweaning mixing) and object enrichment (burlap) on piglet behavior and welfare in the postweaning environment
Authors: Scott Ashlyn , Le Heiget Arielle , Stefanson Reyna , Ahloy-Dallaire Jamie , King Meagan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The process of weaning piglets in commercial swine operations subjects them to numerous abrupt and stressful changes often resulting in negative welfare consequences. The objective was to study the postweaning effects of early-life (1 to 3 d of age) preweaning socialization in multi-litter groups as well as object enrichment (burlap sheet) in the pre- and postweaning environment by comparing six treatments that combined mixing of one vs. two vs. four litters mixed preweaning with and without burlap provision. An ANOVA linear model was run on all normal data, expressed per experimental unit (and behavior data were averaged over time), while non-normal data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Non-enriched groups of piglets were observed manipulating pen objects more often than the enriched groups (P = 0.005). Biting behaviors, including the chewing of ears and tails of pen-mates but excluding fighting, were observed the least in groups of pigs of four litters mixed preweaning, while piglets that were not mixed preweaning were observed biting the most (P = 0.03). Piglets who were not mixed preweaning also manipulated the burlap more frequently than the piglets from groups of 4 litters mixed preweaning (P = 0.02). Biting (P &lt; 0.001) and displacements (P = 0.03) and fighting (P = 0.002) throughout the pen were observed less in the enriched groups. There were fewer lesions per pig in the enriched groups vs. non-enriched groups initially (P = 0.07) and 1 wk after weaning (P = 0.10). Furthermore, pigs mixed in groups of four litters preweaning also tended to have lower lesion scores (P = 0.07) 1-wk postweaning compared to the other treatments. However, there were no differences between treatments in the proportion of piglets resting, eating/drinking, being active, or using the burlap, or for the observed frequency of displacements at the feeder, social behaviors, or belly nosing (P &gt; 0.10). Overall, social enrichment encourages socialization with unfamiliar conspecifics at a younger age while object enrichment allows pigs to redirect their attention toward objects such as burlap. Both may improve pig behavior and welfare after weaning.
Cancer‐associated point mutations within the extracellular domain of PTPRD affect protein stability and HSPG interaction
Authors: Matsui Yu , Imai Ayako , Izumi Hironori , Yasumura Misato , Makino Teruhiko , Shimizu Tadamichi , Sato Makoto , Mori Hisashi , Yoshida Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPTPRD, a well‐established tumor suppressor gene, encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase‐type D. This protein consists of three immunoglobulin‐like (Ig) domains, four to eight fibronectin type 3 (FN) domains, a single transmembrane segment, and two cytoplasmic tandem tyrosine phosphatase domains. PTPRD is known to harbor various cancer‐associated point mutations. While it is assumed that PTPRD regulates cellular functions as a tumor suppressor through the tyrosine phosphatase activity in the intracellular region, the function of its extracellular domain (ECD) in cancer is not well understood. In this study, we systematically examined the impact of 92 cancer‐associated point mutations within the ECD. We found that 69.6% (64 out of 92) of these mutations suppressed total protein expression and/or plasma membrane localization. Notably, almost all mutations (20 out of 21) within the region between the last FN domain and transmembrane segment affected protein expression and/or localization, highlighting the importance of this region for protein stability. We further found that some mutations within the Ig domains adjacent to the glycosaminoglycan‐binding pocket enhanced PTPRD's binding ability to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). This interaction is proposed to suppress phosphatase activity. Our findings therefore suggest that HSPG‐mediated attenuation of phosphatase activity may be involved in tumorigenic processes through PTPRD dysregulation.
The influence of employees’ work-related use of social media on their service innovation behavior: the SOR paradigm
Authors: Olfat Mohammad 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe primary objective of this investigation was to explore how employees’ utilization of social media for work-related purposes impacts their service innovation behavior, both directly and through the intermediary mechanisms of knowledge management and employees’ risk-taking.Design/methodology/approachIn developing its conceptual framework, this study has drawn upon the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory. To test its hypotheses, this study has surveyed 241 financial analysts from ten Iranian financial companies and has employed variance-based structural equation modeling (specifically, PLS-SEM) with the assistance of “WarpPLS 8.0 software.”FindingsThe findings revealed that employees’ work-related use of social media positively influences their service innovation behavior using knowledge management, encompassing knowledge sharing and acquisition capability as well as employee risk-taking. However, this influence is not directly significant.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this study marks the first instance in which the effect of work-related use of social media on employee service innovation behavior directly and through the mediating roles of knowledge management and risk-taking has been investigated through the lens of the SOR paradigm, especially in the financial sector.
The effect of malnutrition on students' academic performance: Roy’s model application
Authors: Kawafha Mariam , Al Maghaireh Duaa , Shawish Najah , Abu Kamel Andaleeb , Al Kofahi Abedelkader , Sheyab Heidar , Alsaqer Khitam 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
This study aims to enhance understanding of malnutrition's effect on academic achievement of primary school students.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a descriptive, cross-sectional design built on Roy's adaptation model (RAM). This study uses a random cluster sample, consisting of 453 primary school students. Contextual stimuli (mother's educational level, income and child’s breakfast eating) and focal stimuli (wasting, thinness, body mass index and stunting) were examined regarding adaptive responses to student’s academic achievement.

Findings
The investigation revealed that Model 1, which took into account factors of age, gender, the frequency of breakfast, income, the number of family members and the education of mothers, explained 12% (R2 = 0.12) of the variance in academic achievement. Stuntedness (β = −3.2 and p < 0.01), BMI (β = 0.94 and p < 0.001), family income per month (β = 5.60 and p < 0.001) and mother's education (β = 2.79 and p < 0.001) were the significant predictors in Model 2.

Practical implications
This study provides evidence that malnutrition is associated with ineffective academic achievement. Moreover, variables such as the mother's level of education, family income and the child’s breakfast consumption have a significant impact on academic achievements.

Originality/value
RAM is a useful framework for determining factors affecting people's reactions to difficult circumstances.
A networking-economic model to enhance the cultural value in small towns
Authors: Tajani Francesco , Sica Francesco , De Paola Pierfrancesco , Morano Pierluigi 
Published: April 2024

Purpose The paper aims to provide a decision-support model to ensure a proper use of the limited resources, financial and not, for the enhancement of the cultural heritage and comprehensive development of small towns from sustainable perspective.Design/methodology/approach The assessment model is set up using a multi-criteria method that combines elements of linear planning with a performance indicators system that may represent the complexity of the territory’s cultural identity as a result of existing cultural-historical assets.Findings The model reliability is tested in a case study in a Municipality in southern Italy. The case study’s findings highlight the advantages for the public/private operators, who can consciously choose which preservation and restoration projects to fund while taking into account the effects those decisions will have on the economic, social and environmental context of reference.Research limitations/implications Due to the suggested operational approach and the selection of variables for accounting economic, social and environmental impacts by the renewal project, the research findings may not be generalizable. Therefore, it is recommended that researchers look into the suggested theories in more detail.Practical implications The study offers implications for designing a user-friendly tool to help decision-making processes from a private–public viewpoint in a reasonable allocation of financial resources among investments for cultural property asset enhancement.Originality/value The suggested operational approach provides a reliable information apparatus to depict the decision-making process under small-town development in accordance with sustainability dimensions.
The war in Ukraine, the Global South and the evolving global order
Authors: Brosig Malte , Verma Raj 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis special section explores how nine key countries from the Global South have responded to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. As the Western attempt to build a global anti‐Russia coalition has largely failed, the focus on countries from the Global South becomes more important but remains under‐researched in the discipline. This introductory article offers the conceptual framework for the following empirical contributions. Based on the rational and constructivist school of thinking, we develop four guiding assumptions. Accordingly, we assume that foreign policy positioning to the war relates to the varied consequences of the conflict, can be related to strategic opportunism, displays pragmatic indifference or is value‐driven. Contributions to this special section offer a detailed empirical analysis according to these four conceptual categories.
Broad evidence of xylazine in the UK illicit drug market beyond heroin supplies: Triangulating from toxicology, drug‐testing and law enforcement
Authors: Copeland Caroline S. , Rice Kathleen , Rock Kirsten L. , Hudson Simon , Streete Peter , Lawson Alexander J. , Couchman Lewis , Holland Adam , Morley Stephen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsXylazine is a non‐opioid sedative which has spread rapidly throughout the US illicit drug supply. This study aimed to describe the spread of xylazine throughout the UK illicit drug supply.MethodsXylazine detections in human biological samples were collated from toxicology laboratories operating in the United Kingdom with the date, location, case type, xylazine concentration and co‐detected drugs (with quantifications where performed) detailed, where permitted, by the corresponding coroner. Drug‐testing cases positive for xylazine were collated from the Welsh Emerging Drugs and Identification of Novel Substances (WEDINOS) drug‐testing postal service with the date, location, purchase intent and co‐detected drugs detailed. Drug seizures made by UK law enforcement were communicated by the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities with the date and location detailed.ResultsBy the end of August 2023, xylazine was detected in 35 cases from throughout toxicology, drug‐testing and drug seizure sources covering England, Scotland and Wales. There were no cases reported from Northern Ireland. Xylazine was detected in biological samples from 16 people. In most cases where full toxicology results were provided, xylazine was detected with heroin and/or a strong opioid (n = nine of 11), but this polydrug use pattern was not evident in all cases (n = two of 11), suggesting a wider circulation of xylazine in the UK illicit drug market beyond heroin supplies. Evidence from WEDINOS supports this claim, as all 14 drug samples (100%) submitted from across the UK contained xylazine; however, in none of these cases was heroin the purchase intent but rather counterfeit prescription medication tablets (n = 11 of 14), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vapes (n = two of 14) or white powder (n = one of 14). Additional evidence for the spread of illicit xylazine comes from five drug seizures made by law enforcement.ConclusionsXylazine has penetrated the UK illicit drug market and is not limited to heroin supplies.