bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional evaluation of kidney beans (phaseolus vulgaris): The toxic principle
Authors: Pusztai Arpad , Palmer Robert 
Published: November 2006

AbstractKidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectins were purified by affinity chromatography on a fetuin‐Sepharose‐4B column. The net protein utilisation (NPU) of rats fed on a 5% casein‐containing diet was strongly depressed by these pure lectin preparations. The extent of this nutritional toxicity was found to be related to the lectin content of the diet according to the following equation: NPU = NPU5% casein −280 x (where x is the lectin content in % w/w). Thus, because in addition lectin‐free kidney bean protein preparations were found to be non‐toxic for rats, it is now suggested that the toxic principle of kidney bean is identical with its constituent lectins.
A micro‐method for the estimation of oil content and composition in seed crops
Authors: Welch Robert W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method is described for the routine estimation of oil content and composition in seed crops by determination of the total and component long‐chain fatty acids. The oil was transmethylated without prior extraction using 2% H2SO4 in methanol at 80°C and the resultant fatty acid methyl esters separated and measured by gas‐liquid chromatography. The method was shown to be applicable to a wide range of samples including field beans, cereals and linseed, and for use with individual seeds or very small samples (e.g. half seeds). Results obtained with this method were highly reproducible, giving good recoveries of oil and individual fatty acids. The method gave values intermediate between those obtained by ether extraction and acid hydrolysis methods.
Effect of growth stage on the concentrations of various nitrogen fractions, including amino acids, in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) cv aragón
Authors: Treviño Jesús , Hernández Maria T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe concentrations of various nitrogen fractions were determined in lucerne cv Aragón. Variations in the total N, non protein N, nitrate and amino acids contents throughout the growing period of lucerne are described. The concentrations of different nitrogen fractions in the dry matter decreased as forage age advanced.
Tests of long‐term residues of phosphorus fertiliser
Authors: Sparrow Philip E. , Russell Richard D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFour experiments with maincrop potato were done in 1973 to compare the residual values of two amounts of four forms (Dicalcium phosphate, Superphosphate, Gafsa— Ground mineral phosphate, Basic slag) of phosphorous fertiliser given from 1951 to 1971. The residues were evaluated by test dressings of nil, 37.5 and 75 kg/ha P2O5 as superphosphate; to make the results as comparable as possible at each site the new P was thoroughly incorporated into the soil. Residues increased yields on all sites; effects were small except at Rosemaund Experimental husbandry farm (EHF) where residues alone increased yields by 8.6 t/ha. Apart from Ground mineral phosphate, which had little effect except at Rosemaund, yield differences resulting from forms of P fertiliser were small. Apart from at Rosemaund EHF the rate of response to the freshly applied phosphate was unrelated to the available soil P. In terms of fresh dressings residues were equivalent to about 8 % (80 kg P2O5ha) of accumulated total dressings.
Changes in the muscle of lemon sole (Pleuronectes microcephalus) after very long cold storage
Authors: Kim Hak‐Kyoon , Robertson Ian , Malcolm Love R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe solubility of Lemon Sole muscle in 5% sodium chloride after storage at — 14 to — 15°C was shown to fall to the same minimum level as that of cod, but the reaction was very much slower. After storage for 5 years the protein had still been fairly soluble, and appeared to have reached the asymptote, but in the present experiment the fish were stored for over 17 years and the reaction was now evidently complete. It is complete in cod at this temperature in about 15 weeks.
Influence of cassava diets on placental thiocyanate transfer, tissue rhodanese activity and performance of rats during gestation
Authors: Tewe Olumide O. , Maner Jerome H. , Gomez Gulliermo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTwo nineteen day rat gestation/metabolic studies were carried out with thirty female rats to investigate the influence of fresh and dried cassava containing 173 parts/106 and 92 parts/106 HCN respectively on placental thiocyanate transfer, metabolic changes in maternal and foetal tissues and their gestational performance. The cassava diets caused marked changes in the weight gain and thiocyanate concentration of the urine and serum of the gestating rats. Amniotic fluid thiocyanate was significantly increased by the fresh cassava diets (P<0.01), but foetal thiocyanate was not significantly different between treatments (P>0.05). Rhodanese activity and fresh weights of maternal and foetal tissues were also not significantly affected by the cassava diets (P>0.05).
A sequential analytical method for the howard mould count test of tomato products
Authors: Basker Dov , Dolev Danny , Gillist Joseph 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Howard Mould Count of tomato products, as generally performed, was considered, and an approach was sought which would give greater reliability while reducing the number of fields which need to be examined. A sequential analytical method was developed and applied. The equations of the sequential acceptance/rejection lines were converted to graphical form for direct laboratory use, at various maximum Mould Count limits. The procedure is explained and illustrated. For screening purposes, reliable results will often be obtained even when the number of fields examined is below the minimum (50) required by the official procedure; for regulatory purposes, a test may require more than 50 fields to be examined in order to give a reliable result, but less than an arbitrary set number (say, 100) from every sample.
Prediction of the digestibility of the dry matter of tropical forages from their solubility in fungal cellulase solutions
Authors: Adegbola Anthony A. , Paladines Osvaldo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCorrelations between in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and amount of DM dissolved in acid pepsin and cellulase enzymes for 24 tropical forage samples gave a value of 0.91 but a high sample standard deviation of 6.50 and a coefficient of variation of 25 %. This suggests that the cellulase technique requires further study if it were to be used as a predictor of rumen liquor in vitro digestibility values for tropical grasses and legumes. An improved correlation of r = 0.98 with sample standard deviation of 2.29 was obtained when percent DM dissolved in acid‐pepsin and cellulase enzymes was compared with the in vivo dry matter digestibility values of 11 tropical forage grasses and legumes. This result suggests that the pepsin‐cellulase technique may be used to predict in vivo DM digestibility values in tropical grasses and legumes.
Isolation of two γ‐gliadins from cappelle‐desprez
Authors: Ewart John A. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe strongest band in the electrophoretic pattern of Cappelle‐Desprez gliadin owes its intensity to the coincidence of two proteins. These have been isolated and characterised. They have a fairly similar amino acid composition, typical of the gliadin class, and appear to be single polypeptide chains, free of SH groups and carbohydrate. Their molecular weights are 38 000 and 44 000. The higher mobility at pH 8.9 of the lighter molecule is attributed to its smaller size though the possibility also exists of its having fewer COO‐ groups. The equal mobility at acid pH arises because the extra resistance encountered by the larger molecule is balanced by a higher positive charge due to histidine. The proteins appear to correspond to the γ2 and γ3 Ponca gliadins isolated at Peoria, and this supports the idea that gliadins of equal mobility from different varieties have very similar structures. A rapid way of calculating recovered protein is mentioned.
A cappelle‐desprez β‐gliadin
Authors: Ewart John A. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA β‐gliadin from Cappelle‐Desprez wheat has been purified sufficiently to be analysed. Its amino acid composition is typical of the gliadin class. The molecule appears to be a single polypeptide chain with no carbohydrate or SH groups and a molecular weight of 38 000.
Toxicity of water extracted rapeseed meal in the rat
Authors: Ballester Digna , King Judith , Vera Patricia , Brunser Oscar , Yáñez Enrique , Monckeberg Fernando 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe toxic effect of different concentrations of “detoxified” rapeseed meal (DRSM) obtained by 2 h lixiviation was studied. This preparation contained 0.02 % oxazolidinethiones (VTO) and no detectable isothiocyanates (ITC). It was fed for 4 weeks to weanling rats in amounts that provided from 0 to 100% of total dietary protein. The control diet provided 20% protein from casein. Another control group was fed crude rapeseed meal (RSM) to the same protein level. Growth rates and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were similar in rats fed DRSM and casein diets. The substitution of casein by increasing levels of DRSM did not modify PER. The weight of the liver, thyroid, heart, spleen, adrenals and kidneys was normal. In animals fed DRSM no histological changes were detected in the liver. The thyroid exhibited changes similar to, but of lesser severity than in animals fed crude RSM. It is suggested that other toxic compound(s) may be present in rapeseed meal that are not extractable by lixiviation. The need of further investigations of the effect of this “detoxified” product including functional studies before its extensive inclusion in animal or human diets is emphasised.
The enzymic breakdown of lipids to volatile and non‐volatile carbonyl fragments in disrupted tomato fruits
Authors: Galliard Terence , Matthew Jennifer A. , Wright Anthony J. , Fishwick Michael J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPhysical disruption of tomato fruits results in the degradation of endogenous lipids by hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. Acyl hydrolase, phospholipase D, lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide cleavage enzymes are active in this tissue. A sequential enzymic pathway is proposed by which tissue lipids are hydrolysed to free (mainly polyunsaturated C18) fatty acids which are subsequently oxidised to their hydroperoxides by lipoxygenase action. The C18 hydroperoxides are cleaved (by an enzyme which is specific for 13‐hydroperoxide isomers) to volatile C6 aldehydes (hexanal or cis‐3 hexenal) and non‐volatile C12 w‐oxoacids. The non‐volatile fragment from linoleic acid was identified as 12‐oxo‐dodec‐cis 9‐enoic acid.
Histidine metabolism in fish. Urocanic acid in mackerel (Scomber scombrus)
Authors: Mackie Ian M. , Fernandez‐Salguéro José 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUrocanic acid, isolated from perchloric extracts of the flesh of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) using an anion exchange resin Dowex‐1 acetate, was identified by thin‐layer chromatography, u.v. absorption and mass spectra. During storage of sterile and non‐sterile tissue the concentration of urocanic acid increased at similar rates, indicating that L‐histidine ammonia‐lyase is not associated with bacterial spoilage.
Effect of storage and insect infestation on the chemical composition and nutritive value of grain sorghums
Authors: Pant Kailash C. , Susheela Tanjore P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChanges in the nutritional quality of four varieties (148, 3541, CSH‐1 and LYJ) of jowar (Sorghum vulgare) grains when stored for prolonged periods under household (Indian) conditions were studied. Storage in a gunny bag or a metal bin for six to ten months at ambient temperature and humidity caused the grains to be infested by the common household pest Tribolium castaneum. The variety LYJ was least infested despite storage for ten months suggesting its resistance to insect attack. A commercial mercury preservative failed to protect the susceptible varieties from insect attack. The protein quality of grains, generally, remained unaffected by moderate insect infestation or storage per se. But high insect infestation (30%) caused a significant decrease in protein quality. Rats fed on diets based exclusively on jowar and small amounts of Bengal gram showed decreased growth of those rats fed grains from the most infested containers, but otherwise appeared normal. Blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume and liver vitamin A concentrations were similar in animals fed different diets. Liver histology was found to be normal in all animals. Insect‐infested grains showed significant losses in total fat, mineral matter, thiamin and riboflavin.
Tryptic hydrolysis of glycinin and its subunits
Authors: Lynch Cheryl J. , Rha Cho Kyun , Catsimpoolas Nicholas 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGlycinin, the major storage protein of soybeans, was modified by alkali (pH 12.0) and acid (pH 2.0) induced denaturation, and by unfolding in 6 M urea followed by cleavage of the disulphide (SS) bonds and blockage of the sulphydryl (SH) groups with iodoacetoamide to produce carboxyamidemethyl (CAM)‐glycinin. The CAM‐acidic and CAM‐basic subunits of the protein were also isolated. All the above samples were used to investigate their rate (pH‐stat method) and extent (gel filtration analysis) of hydrolysis by trypsin at pH 8.0, 25°C. Native and acid‐denatured glycinin and the CAM‐basic subunits were hydrolysed slowly over a period of several hours whereas the CAM‐acidic subunits, alkali‐denatured glycinin, and CAM‐glycinin were attacked at a very fast rate by the enzyme. The molecular weight distribution of the peptide fragments varied in all samples. Characteristic peaks of molecular weight above 30 000, around 7000 and below 5000 daltons were observed. In modifications where unfolding of the protein and SS reduction was implicated the peptide fragments were shifted toward the lowest peak(s) i.e. below 5000 daltons.
Moisture characteristics of macadamia nuts in relation to storage
Authors: Hansen Graham P. , Gough Mark C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe moisture content/relative humidity characteristics of nuts from two species of Macadamia have been examined. For Macadamia tetraphylla the whole nut moisture content corresponding to a relative humidity (r.h.) of 70%, accepted as the maximum for safe storage, was 11.8%. The moisture content can be determined with an electrical moisture meter by calibrating against standard laboratory procedures. The sorption isotherm of M, integrifolia appeared somewhat different.
A fast‐moving β‐gliadin from cappelle‐desprez
Authors: Ewart J. A. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA Cappelle‐Desprez gliadin, in the fast β‐region, has been isolated. The amino acid analysis is typical of gliadins in general. The protein has a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 42 000 and appears to be free from carbohydrate and SH groups. The fact that its electrophoretic mobility is higher than that of a β‐gliadin of lower mol. wt. is attributed to the presence of 2 His and 1 Arg extra.
Copper uptake and accumulation by perennial ryegrass grown in soil and solution culture
Authors: Jarvis Stephen C 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe plant processes of copper uptake by roots of perennial ryegrass and transport to shoots were examined after plants had been grown in either solution culture, or in soil, with wide ranges of copper additions. Although contents of both shoots and roots of plants grown in solution culture and in soil increased with increasing addition of copper, the increase in roots was very much greater than that in shoots in which the range of concentrations was small. A large proportion of uptake was retained by roots even when they had been damaged by toxicity. Copper accumulated in roots of plants grown in solution culture was not available for transport to shoots after further supply had been withdrawn, and large proportions of the retained copper were associated with cell walls. It was concluded that roots of perennial ryegrass restrict the movement of copper along the pathway soil‐plant‐animal.
Volatile fatty acids in stored animal slurry
Authors: Cooper Paul , Cornforth Ian S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVolatile fatty acids (VFAs) were measured in slurry stored in farm and laboratory conditions. All slurries from farm sources contained VFAs; acetic acid was predominant, followed by propionic, n‐butyric, iso‐butyric, iso‐valeric and n‐valeric. On average, pig slurry contained more total VFAs than did cow slurry. VFAs persisted in anaerobic conditions but decomposed rapidly when air was passed through slurry in laboratory experiments; decomposition was slower when air was passed over the slurry surface. Very little VFA formed when anaerobic conditions were re‐imposed on aerated slurry unless glucose or protein hydrolysate was added. The pH of slurry was increased by passing air or nitrogen through it and decreased by adding glucose.
The component acids of the lipids in four commercial fish meals
Authors: Gunstone Frank D. , Chakra Wijesundera R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipids from four commercial fish meals (white fish, South African, Herring, and Bermuda) were extracted with methanol‐chloroform and their component acids examined by gas‐liquid chromatography (g.l.c). In addition to saturated, monoene, and polyene acids, three phytol‐based acids (1‐3) are present as minor components. There is, however, no evidence for the presence of furan‐containing fatty acids (4).
Juice quality indices and consumer acceptability of late harvested valencias
Authors: Bacon Peter E. , Coote Brien G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractValencias on five rootstocks were harvested at approximately monthly intervals between December and May for four years. Palatability was assessed by a taste panel (mean of 19 tasters per panel) and related by regression analysis to easily measured indices such as % soluble solids, titratable acidity and juice content. Only soluble solids and juice content were useful in predicting the mean rating of the taste panel (r2 = 0.42 and 0.35 respectively). Percentiles of tasters' scores for juice with similar values of the indices were more accurately predicted by the indices than by simply using the mean panel ratings (r2 up to 0.81). Regression lines giving mean panel score for different per cent taster response for juice and soluble solids content are presented.
Effect of aqueous ammonia and other alkalis on the in‐vitro digestibility of barley straw
Authors: Hartley Roy D. , Jones Edwin C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe in‐vitro digestibility of the organic matter of unground barley straw was increased by approximately 14 units by treatment with aqueous ammonia for 1 week at 20°C. Longer treatment times of 4 and 13 weeks had little or no additional effect on digestibility. Treatment with sodium hydroxide or tetramethylammonium hydroxide increased digestibility by up to 22 units. The content of cell walls of the straw after treatment with any of the alkalis was lower than that of untreated straw and the degradability of the walls from alkali‐treated straw was more than 85% greater than that of the walls from untreated straw. Alkali treatment of straw caused loss of p‐coumaric, ferulic and diferulic acids from the cell walls, the loss being greater with the stronger alkalis. The loss of ferulic was greater than that of p‐coumaric acid.
Low molecular weight carbohydrates from leguminous seeds; a new disaccharide: Galactopinitol
Authors: Schweizer Thomas F. , Horman Ian , Würsch Pierre 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTwelve mature leguminous seed crops were extracted with 70% ethanol, and their low molecular weight carbohydrates estimated by gas chromatography. Pinitol (3‐O‐methyl‐D‐chiro‐inositol) and three isomers of a new disaccharide, α‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐pinitol, for which the name galactopinitol is proposed, were isolated from soya beans (Glycine max). Pinitol and galactopinitol were also identified in chick peas (Cicer arietinum L.), lentils (Lens esculenta) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Their amounts ranged from 0.2 to 0.9% and 0.03 to 0.8% of dry weight respectively. The possible role of galactopinitol in biosynthesis of the sugars of the raffinose family and in flatulence is discussed.
The use of solvents to decolorise leaf protein concentrate
Authors: Bray Walter J. , Humphries Catherine , Ineritei Maxwell S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study concerns the effectiveness of various solvents and solvent mixtures in removing pigments from the moist curd leaf protein concentrate prepared from lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), and at the same time produce a hot air‐dried product which was neither black nor had a hard texture. Sixteen solvent systems representing polar, non‐polar and mixed (1:1 v/v), as well as the usual lipid solvents 2:1 v/v chloroform:methanol and 3:1 v/v ethanol : diethyl ether were evaluated. Acetone, ethanol, propan‐2‐ol and butan‐1‐ol were found to be most effective. In further tests to optimise the conditions of use, propan‐2‐ol and butan‐1‐ol emerged as the most promising solvents for large‐scale extraction. This was concluded from their ability to remove the pigment from leaf protein concentrates (LPC) in extractions at room temperature and using recycled solvent.
The use of support energy in the meat processing industry
Authors: Keith Jacques J. , Blaxter Kenneth L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA study of the consumption of support energy in the meat industry in Scotland involved both large meat factories and “high street” butchers. The energy cost of transport of live animals from farms to abattoirs was 0.5 × 109J/ton deboned meat for both pigs and cattle. Factory slaughtering, butchery and processing costs were 60 × 109J/ton deboned meat for pigs and 41 × 109 J/ton for cattle. When on‐farm costs are included the support energy subsidy/ton meat was similar for both species at 110 × 109J/ton deboned meat. The energy subsidy incurred in meat factories/ton deboned meat varied with the extent of processing, from 27 × 109J/ton for jointed pork to 86 × 109J for beef pies containing 34% meat. The imparting of convenience to food was achieved by expending additional labour and support energy in the ratio 4 × 109J/man hour. Separate calculations showed that maintenance of hygiene and disposal of effluent accounted for over half the total energy cost of factory operations.
An automated colorimetric method for mimosine in Leucaena leaves
Authors: Megarrity Robert G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSimplified extraction and colorimetric techniques have been developed for the determination of the toxic amino acid mimosine in Leucaena leucocephala. Fresh leaf material is extracted with dilute hydrochloric acid containing activated carbon and the concentration of mimosine in the clarified extract determined with an Auto‐Analyser. Satisfactory recoveries of added mimosine were obtained, and the results were in agreement with a manual method which was based on electrophoretic separation.
Chemical properties of manganese in lucerne
Authors: Grady Terrence M. , Heisler Charles R. , Blincoe Clifton 
Published: November 2006

AbstractManganese in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) exists as a cationic complex of low molecular weight. It migrates as a single band on paper electrophoresis, cation exchange chromatography and gel exclusion chromatography. It exhibits no strong association with protein. The complex tends to be unstable in alkaline solution.
A proposed industrial method for the removal of mercury from fish
Authors: Schab Rivka , Sachs Kenneth , Yannai Shmuel 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn economically‐feasible technique for the substantial reduction of the total mercury content of slices of tuna fish is described. Extraction at room temperature of the fish slices with 0.5 % cysteine hydrochloride solution is followed by rinsing and washing with sodium bicarbonate solution. The optimal conditions and recycling of the extraction solution are described. The organoleptic properties, protein quality and shelf life of the canned treated fish were satisfactory.