bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LAG MOUND FEATURES ON A DOLOSTONE PAVEMENT
Authors: PACKER R. W. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe lag mounds seem to be well associated with other karst phenomena, to be found only in shallow soil and therefore to be transitory features formed during the beginning of the development of karst. They serve to point out areas where the process is continuing and may be diagnostic in distinguishing on the surface between active and fossil karst.RÉSUMÉEluviation et dissolution par l'eau dans le matériel déconsolidé, déposé par des glaciers ou dss lacs, lequel est superposé sur calcaire ou dolomite, dans la Presqu'île Bruce de l'Ontario, ont formé des tranchées au dessus des fissures ou ont laissé des buttes sur les dalles de roche. Les « buttes laissées » ont environs trois pieds de hauteur et sont aussi, en général, de forme rectangulaire correspondent au dessin des fissures. On suggère que ces formes, qui n'ont pas été rapportées jusqu'à maintenant, révèlent un premier étage de karstification, comme le montrent les diagrammes. Peut‐être seraient‐elles utiles pour indiquer le temps nécessaire pour produire le karst.Quoique les conditions critiques pour la formation de deux ou trois pieds de matériel superposé, le climat convenable, la roche solube et aussi un niveau d'eau abaissé, semblent nécessaires, les buttes furent excavées dans la Presqu'île Bruce et des formes de morphologie semblables ont été remarquées dans cinq autres localités. Cela suggère que l'on pourrait les trouver dans d'autres endroits.
ORDER DISTANCE IN AN INHOMOGENEOUS RANDOM POINT PATTERN
Authors: DACEY MICHAEL F. 
Published: March 2008

RÉSUMÉL'auteur a d'abord procédé au mesurage de la distance entre des points voisins formant une courbe composée Poissongamma à deux dimensions. En d'autres termes, c'est un mode fortuit de repartition de points sur un plan euclydien qu'il a étudié.Si la densité moyenne des points par unité de surface correspond àΛ, on salt alors que la quantité exprimée par 2irΛr/, où rj représente la distance entre un point d'origine arbitraire et le plus proche point jème, est répartie selon la formule x2 avec 2j degrès de marge de jeu. Dans cette dérivation, la valeur de Λ n'est pas constante, mais varie fortuitement selon la loi de probabilité gamma. On considère que ce processus engendre un arrangement fortuit de points dit « nonhomogène », par contrasts avec l'arrangement fortuit « homogène » qui caractérise l'application de la variante x2.L'auteur calcule ensuite la distance entre un point d'origine arbitraire et le plus proche point jème dans cet arrangement fortuit non‐homogène et compare les caractéristiques des distances (order distances) pour les deux modes de répartition.
AN ALTERNATIVE TO UNPLANNED URBAN GROWTH: THE CASE OF STOCKHOLM
Authors: DIEM AUBREY 
Published: March 2008

RÉSUMÉPour la direction vers une solution du problème du développement urbain imprévu nous pouvons tourner notre attention à l'exemple que nous fourni la ville de Stockholm. Au cours de l'année 1904 cette ville a commencéà s'acquérir du terrain destinéà l'expansion future. Depuis, le plan‐rnaître, développé pour y inclure l'année 1990, détermine et dirige la croissance de la plupart des functions civiques. Il n'est pas un accident que Stockholm soit une des plus belles et des plus habitables des grandes villes du monde, en dépit du fait qu'elle a éprouvé plusieurs des symptômes de la decadence urbaine déjàénumérés.La difference principale entre l'aggrandissement de Stockholm et l'aggrandissement de la ville de l'Amérique du Nord est celle‐ci: pendant que la ville de l'Amérique du Nord réagit contre les problèmes que lui impose l'expansion rapide des régions urbaines, Stockholm, ayant prévu ces mêmes problèmes est en marche de les résoudre. Le résultat pour Stockholm n'est pas, bien entendu, la perfection, mais il est certain néanmoins, que compares à ceux de la ville de l'Amérique du Nord, les problèmes de Stockholm sont moins sérieux.
ETUDES PERIGLACIAIRES MONDIALES EN 1964
Authors: Hamelin Louis‐Edmond 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSince the establishment of the Commission on Periglacial Geomorphology in 1949 and of the Biuletyn Peryglacjalny (Lodz, Poland) five years later, periglacial research has made considerable progress in many countries. Unfortunately, nobody has the data needed to prepare a complete statement of all that has occurred in the fields of teaching, individual research, joint undertakings, and the general organization of periglaciology. However, the present note summarizes various preceding reports which were similarly intended to spread the knowledge of activities in periglaciology.In 1964, the International Commission of Periglacial Morphology held several meetings in Hungary, Austria, and Great Britain. Both thematic and regional periglacial morphology were discussed. In Hungary‐Austria, the topics studied dealt with loess accumulation, gelivation valleys, thermokarst, injection‐ice deposits, frost wedges (ice or sand), cryoturbation solifluction sheets, and lobes. In Great Britain, two symposiums brought the participants in the field to study tors, heads, steps, vegetation patterns, earth hummocks, and Quaternary chronology. During the meetings in London, more than fifty papers were presented, and many kinds of periglacial phenomena from several countries were discussed.Poland has published number 14 of the Biuletyn Peryglacjalny that contains nine national periglacial reports; one comes from Canada (Frank A. Cook's text). Two other papers deal with general periglacial terminology.The next meeting of the commission will be in the United States during 1965.
THE JOINT ANARCHY OF “CONFIDENTIALITY” AND DEFINITIONAL CHANGE
Authors: Gilmour James M. 
Published: March 2008

RÉSUMÉLes données statistiques sur l'industrie manufacturière publiées par le Bureau fédérale de la statistique deviennent de moins en moins satisfaisantes pour les géographes économistes. Deux éléments en particulier sont responsables de ce fait: 1) les provisions de secret de la législation statistique; 2) les changements de définitions, de concepts et d'organisation des données statistiques.Le premier a pour conséquence de rendre les données très incomplètes. On est arrivéà une situation telle que il est maintenant impossible de déterminer la distribution des grands groupes d'industries ou des industries individuelles, même pour les superficies aussi étendues que les comtés, les districts et les divisions. L'industrie manufacturière est en grande partie une activité urbaine et on a surtout grand besoin de données statistiques basées sur les centres urbains. Mais, c'est justement à ce propos que les provisions de secret sont les plus influentes, avec le résultat que beaucoup de grands centres d'industrie manufacturière sont omis d'importants rapports du Bureau.Les changements dans la classification des industries, et les altérations de définitions et de concepts, rendent l'analyse historique très difficile. Depuis 1918, on a utilisé trois classifications différentes de 1'industrie manufacturière, et récemment la définition de l'établissement industriel a été modifiée à cause de plusieurs altérations importantes dans les procédures d'assemblage et compilation. En conséquence il sera très difficile de comparer les données d'avant 1961 et les données postérieures à cette date.La situation exige l'attention des géographes et d'autres spécialistes. D'ailleurs, il serait souhaitable d'établir une liaison entre les universités et le Bureau fédérale de la statistique dans l'espoir qu'à l'avenir les changements auront lieu seulement après consultations mutuelles.
Late Glacial Origin of the Sandbanks, Webb Bay, Labrador
Authors: Johnson J. Peter 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe Sandbanks of Webb Bay, Labrador owe their origin to ice marginal conditions during the last stages of deglaciation of this section of the Labrador coast. Several phases in their evolution are recognized. Phase 1 was characterized by disintegration of the remnants of Webb Bay and Ado's Brook valley ice masses into separate local bodies with ice marginal runoff in an eastern direction. During Phase 2 the first and highest ice‐dammed lake formed. Eastward ice marginal flow continued into Phase 3, when a large system of kame terraces (altitude 360 feet) formed beside the receding Webb Bay Ice. They led to new and lower ice marginal lakes in the eastern part of the Sandbanks. Phase 4 was dominated by the construction of a more extensive system of kame terraces almost 100 feet lower than those formed in Phase 3. Locally, minor moraines helped to direct runoff and control development of these newer kame terraces. In Phase 5, meltwater from the ice and runoff from the deglaciated highlands filled a large marginal lake (altitude 230 feet), which may have contributed to subglacial drainage down Port Manvers Run. Phase 6, the last of the glacial conditions associated with formation of the Sandbanks, was introduced by withdrawal of ice far enough so that the eustatically rising sea level was able to reach part of the Sandbanks. A terrace at 135 feet above sea level is believed to be the local upper marine limit. Stagnant ice still covered the floor of Hummock Valley at the western end of the Sandbanks at this time. Subsequently isostatic adjustment has lifted the last glacio‐fluvial and some of the glacio‐marine features above sea level.
Planning in the Zürich Region
Authors: Diem Aubrey 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThis examination of the planning structure within the Canton of Zürich has indicated that many of the problems, such as adequate public transportation, the provision of land for industry, and the preservation of land for recreational use overlap existing political boundaries. The solutions, to be effective, must be carried out in a co‐ordinated and integrated fashion among the city, the regional, and the cantonal planning groups. Much is being done at all levels to ensure that the future growth of Zürich and its surrounding region will take place in an orderly, aesthetically satisfying fashion. Certainly many serious problems remain to be solved. Nevertheless, the development of Zürich from a Roman settlement to one of the world's most important industrial, financial, commercial, and cultural centres has been accomplished with a minimum of destruction to the city's beautiful site. The preservation of the natural environment is a blessing for the city's inhabitants, having economic
Observations Of Water Hardness From Southwest Devon Island, Northwest Territories
Authors: McCANN S. B. , COGLEY J. G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOver the thaw period of 1970, the hardness in “Jason's Creek” increased systematically. Waters from other sources in the area, sampled in 1969 and 1970, show increases in hardness with distance of travel downslope, from large flows to smallflows, and from flowing water to standing water. The highest total hardness values are from vegetated pools of standing water (as also reported by Smith (1969) in Somerset Island). The hardness of water which has had no contact with regolith or bedrock can be sharply differentiated from that of water which has been in such contact. This observation, together with the increase in hardness with distance of travel, may be consequent upon a slow attainment of chemical equilibrium in these arctic waters. It may also be possible to draw a distinction between the solutional work done by snowmeit water and that done by rainwater. The latter has a lower initial pH and, for comparable volumes of discharge, generates higher values of hardness.These preliminary conclusions are to be tested in future stages of this project, which in 1971 and 1972 will be concerned with the hydrology of a larger stream, the river Mecham, near Resolute on Cornwallis Island. Monitoring of the solute content of waters throughout the Mecham basin is an important part of the proposed research.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIO‐ECONOMIC CELLULAR NETWORKS
Authors: BOOTS B.N. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe paper has presented an approach to cellular network pattern analysis which is novel in several respects. First, the approach emphasizes the consideration of the complete geometric structure of the pattern rather than the examination of summary statistics for individual variables or correlations between pairs or other combinations of variables. By comparing empirical structures with model‐generated ones it is suggested that the approach offers a way of evaluating the relative impact of the three major forces thought to be responsible for the geometric structure of a network, i.e., the generating process, the phenomena expressed in the network, and the function of the network. It was demonstrated how different processes can lead to diverse geometric structures. Examination of two empirical networks composed of bus service centre hinterlands suggested that the generating process was the dominant determinant of physical structure in this particular instance. However, more research on other cellular networks consisting of different phenomena, and on different generative processes, must be undertaken before any firm conclusions can be reached. The approach taken here would seem to offer one way of undertaking such research.
EMPIRICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ADVANCES IN CANONICAL THEORY*
Authors: Briggs Ronald , IV William A. Leonard 
Published: March 2008

Canonical correlation has seen growing acceptance in geographical research as a tool for analysing the interrelationships between two sets of variables.1 It provides a natural extension to the multivariate case of simple correlation analysis introduced into the discipline in the fifties for measuring the degree of areal association between two individual variables.2 It has also proved valuable for forging a link between traditional geographic variables measuring the attributes of places and those indicating interactions among them.3 Recently, major developments in canonical theory have occurred which provide two major benefits for geographical research.4 First, asymmetrical regression relationships in addition to symmetrical correlation relationships between two variable sets can be determined. Researchers can use canonical regression to examine the degree to which one variable set is capable of predicting the other, in addition to canonical correlation which examines the symmetrical interrelationships between the two.5 Secondly, much improved methods are available for measuring the number, strength, and nature of the interrelationships between the two variable sets, and for assessing the adequacy of the canonical model in general.8The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of these developments and, more particularly, to explore their implications for the validity of empirical results obtained in earlier applications of canonical analysis. This is not intended as a criticism of these studies but rather as an attempt to further our understanding of spatial structure and process through re‐examination of existing data in the light of refined techniques.
THE JOY OF GEOGRAPHY*
Authors: Nelson J.G. 
Published: March 2008

I may be the first past president of the cag to come to the podium with two addresses ready for delivery. One is rather lengthy and formal, representative of some of my work during the last decade or so. The second is shorter and lighter in tone, rather personal, but hopefully it will be taken in the spirit in which it is offered.I have, of course, been thinking about this address for months. A number of people have suggested that I should discuss topics of common interest, including resources management, historical geography, national parks and public land, conservation, cultural ecology, and the Canadian Arctic. In urging me to address these topics colleagues provided various reasons, ranging from neglect of the subject in Canadian geography to its relevance to public policy. I am grateful for this advice, which has not, however, prevented me from procrastinating in finally deciding upon a topic.
The Heckscher‐Ohlin Hypothesis and Structural Divergence in Quebec and Ontario, 1961–1969
Authors: Norcliffe G.B. , Stevens J.H. 
Published: March 2008

The industrial structures of Quebec and Ontario differ, with labour‐intensive industries prevalent in Quebec, capital‐intensive in Ontario. Existing explanations of this structural divergence are complemented by a trade theory interpretation based on the Heckscher‐Ohlin hypothesis. Analysis based on the twenty major industrial categories of the sic yields insignificant results, but when resource and market‐oriented industries are excluded, significant results are obtained. Trade between Quebec and Ontario also conforms with the theory. The results suggest that it is to Quebec's advantage to continue trading freely with the rest of Canada.Les structures industrielles au Quebec et en Ontario sont differentes: les industries de main d'truvre predominent au Quebec et celles capital eleve predominent en Ontario. Aux explications actuelles de cette divergence structurelle s'ajoute celle d'une theorie des echanges basee sur I'hypothese HeckscherOhlin. Une analyse basee sur les vingt premieres categories du recensement industriel rev& des resultats peu probants. On obtient cependant des resultats significatifs lorsque I'on exclue de cette analyse les industries dont la localisation est liee aux marches ou a la prksence de tessources naturelles. Le commerce entre le Quebec et I'Ontario est aussi en accord avec cette theorie. Ces resultats suggerent qu'il est avantageux pour le Quebec de poursuivre une politique de libre echange avec la reste du Canada.
Motivation and Scale: a Method of Identifying Land Speculators in Upper Canada
Authors: Widdis Randy William 
Published: March 2008

Land speculation played a major role in the settlement of Ontario. Its impact has been discussed in great detail but there always remained the problem of identifying individual speculators. Previous studies have identified land speculators solely on the basis of the amount of land held. This paper presents an alternative method of identifying speculators by calling attention to the motivations behind speculation and manifestations of these motivations as inferred in landholding behaviour. In addition, a typology of speculators is presented. Elizabethtown Township provides the setting for an application of the proposed method and a brief analysis of the speculative patterns that emerge.Les achats speculatifs des terrains, ayant joué un rôle majeur dans la colonisation de l'Ontario, ont souvent été examinés en détail: le probléme de l'identité des speculateurs est pourtant resté sans solution. Dans des études déjà parues, ceux‐ci ont été discernés en ne tenant compte que de la superficie des terrains qu'ils detenaient. Cet essai presente une autre méthode pour identifier les spéculateurs en examinant les mobiles de la spéculation tels qu'ils sont révéles par la conduite de Tacheteur: nous avons aussi formulé une typologie des spéculateurs. Nous avons appliqué la méthode proposée à la ville d'Elizabethtown pour analyser brièvement les mouvements spéculatifs qui s'y présentent.
THE IMPACT OF INVESTMENT INCENTIVES ON MANUFACTURING CHANGE: THE GEORGIAN BAY REGION OF ONTARIO
Authors: CANNON JAMES 
Published: March 2008

Relations between Canadian industrial location policy and manufacturing change in the Georgian Bay region of Ontario are examined. To span the pre‐ and post‐policy periods, a census of manufacturing establishments was constructed from 1961 to 1975. Its analysis reveals that incentives had a substantial immediate direct effect on the volume and structure of regional manufacturing, both in absolute terms and in relation to trends in the provincial economy. As a catalyst for self‐sustaining regional development and improved regional economic well‐being, however, the programme's results are more equivocal.Ce travail examine les rapports entre la politique canadienne de la location des industries et les changements dans les manufactures dans la région de la Baie de Georgie. Afin de couvrir les périodes qui précèdent et suivent l' introduction de cette politique, nous avons fait un recensernent des etablissements industriels de 1961 à 1975. L' analyse de cette information démontre que les stimulants eurent de façon immédiate et directe des effets importants sur le niveau et la structure de l' industrie dans cette région; cela en termes absolus ainsi que par rapport aux tendances de l' économie provinciale. Cependant les effets à plus long terme du programme sont plus équivoques en ce qui concerne son efficacité comme catalyseur d' un développement régional qui se perpétue et d' une amélioration du bien‐être économique de la région.
THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ON THE MANITOBA ESCARPMENT
Authors: CARLYLE W.J. 
Published: March 2008

The Manitoba Escarpment is an area of severe environmental problems caused by a combination of adverse physical characteristics and inappropriate land use. Government programmes to solve these problems have emphasized, in succession, water control, land acquisition and use, and a combination of the two. Evaluation of these activities is difficult because of a lack of basic data on precipitation, runoff, and rates of erosion. Work is currently being done to provide the required information and to use it as a basis for land and water management programmes in conservation districts.L'escarpement du Manitoba est une région de grands problèmes du milieu, du fait des traits physiques et contraires combinés avec le mésusage de la terre. A fin dé resoudre ces problèmes, des programmes gouvernementaux ont souligné d'abord la réglementation de l'eau, ensuite l'obtention et l'usage de la terre, et enfin une combinaison des deux. Aucune évaluation de ces projets est difficile à cause d'une manque de données véritables du milieu, y compris dés détails de précipitation, de l'écoulement de l'eau, et du dégre d'érosion. On essaie actuellement de fournir les détails nécessaires pour s'en servir comme base des programmes de l'entretien de l'eau et de la terre dans les régions de conservation.
METROPOLITAN DOMINANCE AND FOREIGN OWNERSHIP IN THE CANADIAN URBAN SYSTEM
Authors: SEMPLE R. KEITH , SMITH W. RANDY 
Published: March 2008

This paper examines the concept of metropolitan dominance as measured by the concentration of corporate activity in large urban centres in the Canadian urban system. Specifically, it explores the extent of corporate concentration in various sectors of the economy; isolates those urban centres in which that concentration occurs; and identifies the extent and location of international penetration of the Canadian economy.Dans cette étude, nous examinons le concept de l'importance des métropoles en fonction de la concentration des diverses entreprises dans le systeme urbain du Canada. Plus spécifiquement, nous examinons le degré de cette concentration dans divers secteurs économiques; nous isolons les centres urbain ou a lieu cette concentration; nous identifions l'étendue et les points de pénetration internationale dans l'économie du Canada.