bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Intensive Glycemic Control and Diabetes Complications on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Sarma Aruna V. , Rutledge Brandy N. , Cleary Patricia A. , Kusek John W. , Nyberg Leroy M. , McVary Kevin T. , Wessells Hunter ,   for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
Although diabetes is known to result in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men, it remains unclear if glycemic control can mitigate urinary symptoms. We studied how diabetic characteristics are related to LUTS in the men who completed the urological assessment component (UroEDIC) of the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) follow-up study of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) participants.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Study participants were men who completed the UroEDIC questionnaire at the year 10 DCCT/EDIC follow-up examination, which included data on genitourinary tract function and the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUASI). Analyses were conducted to assess how treatment arm and diabetes characteristics were associated with LUTS using logistic regression.

RESULTS
Of the 591 men who completed the AUASI questions, nearly 20% (n = 115) had AUASI scores in the moderate to severe category for LUTS (AUASI score ≥8). No associations were observed between LUTS and treatment arm, or A1C levels at the DCCT baseline or end-of-study or at the year 10 EDIC (UroEDIC) examination. Of the diabetes complications studied, only erectile dysfunction at the UroEDIC examination was associated with LUTS.

CONCLUSIONS
These data from the UroEDIC cohort do not support the assumption that intensive glycemic control results in decreased lower urinary tract symptom severity in men with type 1 diabetes. This result may be due to a true lack of effect, or it may be due to other factors, for example, the relatively young age of the cohort.
Effect of Progression From Impaired Glucose Tolerance to Diabetes on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Its Amelioration by Lifestyle and Metformin Intervention
Authors: Goldberg Ronald B. , Temprosa Marinella , Haffner Steven , Orchard Trevor J. , Ratner Robert E. , Fowler Sarah E. , Mather Kieren , Marcovina Santica , Saudek Chris , Matulik Margaret J. , Price David 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
Although subjects with diabetes have increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the evolution of this increased risk as pre-diabetic individuals progress to diabetes is not understood. This study examines the longitudinal relationship between selected CVD risk factors (blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and LDL peak particle density [PPD]) and glycemia in the three treatment groups of the Diabetes Prevention Program.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 3,234 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were followed for a mean of 3.2 years after randomization to intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS), metformin, or placebo. Using repeated-measures models, adjusted mean levels of risk factors were estimated for an annual change in glycemic status. Tests were also conducted to assess the risk factor trends with improvement or worsening of glycemic status.

RESULTS
CVD risk factor values and changes from baseline became more unfavorable as glucose tolerance status deteriorated but improved with reversion to normal glucose tolerance (NGT), especially in the ILS intervention group (trend test P &lt; 0.001 for all risk factors except for LDL PPD [P = 0.02] in ILS and HDL cholesterol [P = 0.02] in placebo). Although there were few significant differences in the transition from IGT to diabetes, there were strong relationships between risk factors and continuous measures of glycemia.

CONCLUSIONS
Progression from IGT to diabetes is associated with mild deterioration, whereas reversion to NGT is associated with improvement in risk factors. Early intervention with ILS, but less so with metformin, in participants at high risk for diabetes improves the cardiovascular risk and glucose tolerance profile simultaneously.
Prevalence of Abnormal Lipid Profiles and the Relationship With the Development of Microalbuminuria in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Loredana Marcovecchio M. , Neil Dalton R. , Toby Prevost A. , Acerini Carlo L. , Barrett Timothy G. , Cooper Jason D. , Edge Julie , Neil Andrew , Shield Julian , Widmer Barry , Todd John A. , Dunger David B. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
To explore the prevalence of lipid abnormalities and their relationship with albumin excretion and microalbuminuria in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study population comprised 895 young subjects with type 1 diabetes (490 males); median age at the baseline assessment was 14.5 years (range 10–21.1), and median diabetes duration was 4.8 years (0.2–17). A total of 2,194 nonfasting blood samples were collected longitudinally for determination of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TG, and non-HDL cholesterol. Additional annually collected data on anthropometric parameters, A1C, and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were available.

RESULTS
Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol were higher in females than in males (all P &lt; 0.001). A significant proportion of subjects presented sustained lipid abnormalities during follow-up: total cholesterol &gt;5.2 mmol/l (18.6%), non-HDL cholesterol &gt;3.4 mmol/l (25.9%), TG &gt;1.7 mmol/l (20.1%), and LDL cholesterol &gt;3.4 mmol/l (9.6%). Age and duration were significantly related to all lipid parameters (P &lt; 0.001); A1C was independently related to all parameters (P &lt; 0.001) except HDL cholesterol, whereas BMI SD scores were related to all parameters (P &lt; 0.05) except total cholesterol. Total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol were independently related to longitudinal changes in ACR (B coefficient ± SE): 0.03 ± 0.01/1 mmol/l, P = 0.009, and 0.32 ± 0.014/1 mmol/l, P = 0.02, respectively. Overall mean total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol were higher in microalbuminuria positive (n = 115) than in normoalbuminuric subjects (n = 780): total cholesterol 4.7 ± 1.2 vs. 4.5 ± 0.8 mmol/l (P = 0.04) and non-HDL cholesterol 3.2 ± 1.2 vs. 2.9 ± 0.8 mmol/l (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
In this longitudinal study of adolescents with type 1 diabetes, sustained lipid abnormalities were related to age, duration, BMI, and A1C. Furthermore, ACR was related to both total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, indicating a potential role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Cost-Efficacy of Surgically Induced Weight Loss for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Keating Catherine L. , Dixon John B. , Moodie Marjory L. , Peeters Anna , Playfair Julie , O'Brien Paul E. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
To determine the within-trial cost-efficacy of surgical therapy relative to conventional therapy for achieving remission of recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes in class I and II obese patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Efficacy results were derived from a 2-year randomized controlled trial. A health sector perspective was adopted, and within-trial intervention costs included gastric banding surgery, mitigation of complications, outpatient medical consultations, medical investigations, pathology, weight loss therapies, and medication. Resource use was measured based on data drawn from a trial database and patient medical records and valued based on private hospital costs and government schedules in 2006 Australian dollars (AUD). An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken.

RESULTS
Mean 2-year intervention costs per patient were 13,400 AUD for surgical therapy and 3,400 AUD for conventional therapy, with laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) surgery accounting for 85% of the difference. Outpatient medical consultation costs were three times higher for surgical patients, whereas medication costs were 1.5 times higher for conventional patients. The cost differences were primarily in the first 6 months of the trial. Relative to conventional therapy, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for surgical therapy was 16,600 AUD per case of diabetes remitted (currency exchange: 1 AUD = 0.74 USD).

CONCLUSIONS
Surgical therapy appears to be a cost-effective option for managing type 2 diabetes in class I and II obese patients.
Quantitative analysis of the variation in angles of the carpal arch after open and endoscopic carpal tunnel release
Authors: Flores Leandro Pretto , Cavalcante Thiago F. P. , Neto Oswaldo R. M. , Alcântara Fabiano S. 
Published: January 2009

Object
Previous studies have demonstrated that the volume of the carpal canal increases after open and endoscopic surgery in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. There is some controversy regarding the contribution of the postoperative widening of the carpal arch to the increment in carpal canal volume. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the degree of variation in the angles formed by the borders of the carpal arch following the surgical division of the transverse carpal ligament; and 2) determine if there are differences in the variation of these angles after the classical open surgery versus endoscopic carpal tunnel release.

Methods
The authors prospectively studied 20 patients undergoing carpal tunnel syndrome surgery: 10 patients were treated via the standard open technique, and 10 underwent endoscopic carpal tunnel release. The angles of the carpal arch were measured on CT scans of the affected hand obtained before and immediately after the surgical procedures. Measurements were performed at the level of the pisiform-scaphoid hiatus and at the level of the hook of the hamate-trapezium hiatus.

Results
There was widening of the postoperative angles of the carpal arch after open and endoscopic division of the flexor retinaculum; however, the difference between pre- and postoperative angulations reached statistical significance only in those patients treated by means of the open procedure. The mean (± SD) values for the postoperative increase in the angles at the level of the pisiform-scaphoid hiatus were 5.1 ± 0.4° after open surgery and 2.5 ± 0.3° after the endoscopically assisted procedure (p < 0.05). At the level of the hook of the hamate-trapezium hiatus, the mean values for the widening of the angles were 6.2 ± 0.6° for the open surgery group and 1.2 ± 0.4° for those patients treated by means of the endoscopic technique (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The widening of the postoperative angles of the carpal arch is a phenomenon observed at the proximal and distal levels of the carpal canal, and it can be noted after both open and endoscopically assisted carpal tunnel release. The endoscopic procedure yielded less increase in these angles than the open surgery.
Bacterio-pathological Studies on Salmonellosis, Colibacillosis and Pasteurellosis in Natural and Experimental Infections in Chickens
Authors: Rahman MA , Samad MA , Rahman MB , Kabir SML 
Published: January 2009

Bacterio-pathological investigation on 1751 dead chickens during one year period from January to December 2002 at the BRAC Poultry Disease Diagnostic Centre, Gazipur showed that 39.81% (n=697) cases with seven types of different bacteriological diseases of which salmonellosis (n=385), colibacillosis (n=147) and fowl cholera (n=114) were found significantly higher rate of prevalence then staphylococcosis (n=6),Â gangrenous dermatitis (n=17), necrotic enteritis (n=24) and infectious coryza (n=4). Accordingly, avian salmonellosis, colibacillosis and pasteurellosis were selected for detailed investigation. Age wise prevalence of avian salmonellosis showed highest infection rate in adult layers (53.25%) in comparison to brooding (14.55%), growing (16.10%) and pullet (16.10%) chickens. The avian colibacillosis was found widely prevalent in all age groups of chickens (9.52 to 36.73%) with specially high prevalence rate in adult layer birds (36.73%). Fowl cholera was recorded in chickens more than two weeks of age with significantly (p < 0.01) highest occurrence in adult chickens. Seasonal influence showed significantly (p < 0.01) highest proportionate prevalence of salmonellosis during summer (48.05%) in comparison to rainy (28.31%) and winter (23.66%) seasons. Colibacillosis was recorded more or less uniformly in all the three seasons of the year with significantly (p < 0.01) higher rate during summer (40.82%) season. Similarly, the prevalence of fowl cholera was also found significantly (p < 0.01) highest during summer (49.12%) in comparison to rainy (26.32%) and winter (24.56%) seasons. The isolated causative agents of avian salmonellosis (Salmonella pullorum), avian colibacillosis (Escherichia coli) and avian pasteurellosis (Pasteurella multocida) were characterized by bacteriological methods which were also subjected to pathogenicity study in 52-day old broiler chickens. Pathogenicity study showed that the incubation period of these three bacterial diseases were recorded as 96 hours and clinical signs appeared on 4th day of inoculation and observed that S. pullorum, E. coli and P.Â multocida resulted 100% morbidity in chickens. Key words: Characterization; pathogenicity; salmonellosis; colibacillosis; pasteurellosis; chickens doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1926 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2(1) : 01-08
Effects of Vitamin-mineral Premix Supplementation on Body Weight and Certain Haemato-biochemical Values in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Islam MS , Bhuiyan MER , Begum MIA , Miah MA , Myenuddin M 
Published: January 2009

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of vitamin-mineral premix supplementation on body weight gain and certain haemato-biochemical parameters in 20 broiler chickens of Shaver Star Bro strain, aged 20 days old during the period from 21st January to 10th February 2002. The chickens of three groups fed with a commercial ration supplemented with vitamin-mineral premix (ProvitaÂ®, Arifs Bangladesh Ltd.) @ 1%, 2%, and 4% of total feed for a period of 21 days. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher body weight gain was recorded on 7th, 14th and 21st days of experiment in all the supplemented groups in comparison to control. Among the treated groups, highest body weight gain was recorded in 4% vitamin-mineral supplemented group (2007 Â± 4.88 g) and lowest in 1% supplemented group (1823 Â± 6.24 g) at 21st day of experiment. Haematological study revealed insignificant increase in TEC, Hb, ESR and PCV in all the vitamin-mineral premix supplemented groups. The lymphocytes were increased at a dose dependent manner and were significantly (p < 0.05) higher (68.60 Â± 0.49) in 4% vitamin-mineral supplemented group but the heterophils were significantly (p < 0.05) lower (25.20 Â± 0.38) in that group at 21st days of experiment. Total serum protein, albumin and globulin values were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in 2% (11.48 Â± 0.34 mg / dl, 6.64 Â± 0.30 mg / dl and 4.84 Â± 0.13 mg / dl respectively) and 4% (15.20 Â± 0.17 mg / dl, 8.98 Â± 0.08 mg / dl and 6.22 Â± 0.10 mg / dl respectively) vitamin-mineral supplemented groups. It is therefore, suggested that supplementation of vitamin-mineral premix with commercial poultry ration is essential for proper growth and body resistance of poultry.Â Â Â Key words: Effects; vitamin-mineral premix; body weight; haemato-biochemical values; broiler chickensdoi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1934 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 45-48
Concurrent Infection of Gastro-intestinal Parasites and Bacteria Associated With Diarrhoea in Calves
Authors: Samad MA , Hossain KMM , Islam MA , Saha S 
Published: January 2009

Bacterio-parasitological examination of faecal samples of randomly selected 100 diarrhoeic calves aged between 10 to 180 days, were carried out to determine the parasites and bacteria associated with diarrhea in calves. These calves (either sexes and both local & cross-bred) were brought for treatment at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Veterinary Clinic, Mymensingh during the two years period from June 1999 to May 2001. Of the 100 faecal samples examined, of which 67% calves affected with different parasites and 98% with different bacteria. Of the 67 and 98 calves affected with parasites and bacteria, of which 65.67% and 61.22% had single, 29.85% and 37.76% had dual and only 3.33% and 1.02% had triple concurrent infection, respectively. Analysis of the results of bacterio-parasitic enteropathogens of 100 calves revealed that highest percentage (66%) calves were infected with concurrent parasitic and bacterial infection, followed by 18% with single bacteria, 14% with concurrent bacteria, and only 1% with concurrent parasitic infection but the faecal sample of one diarrhoeic calf showed negative for both bacteria and parasitic infections. Highest rate of gastro-intestinal nematodes (GIN) infection (48%) was recorded in calves, followed by Eimeria spp. (27%), Toxocara vitulorum (14%) and lowest (1%) with each of the Strongyloides, Paramphistomum and Moniezia sp. The clinical T. vitulorum infection was first recorded at the age of 15 days, GIN at 30 days, Strongyloides at 45 days, Paramphistomum at 150 days and Eimeria infection at 25 days. Similarly, the rate of Bacillus infection (87%) was found highest, followed by E. coliÂ (37%), Staphylococcus (9 %) and lowest of Salmonella (5%) infection. Although the Bacillus and E. coli recorded first time at the 10 days and Staphylococcus at 30 days age of calves but Salmonella was recorded at the age of 60 days. A characteristic age specific prevalence of both parasite and bacterial enteropathogens was observed. It may be concluded from this study that concurrent infections with parasites or bacteria or both are mainly associated with diarrhea in calves. Key words: Concurrent infection; GI parasites; bacteria; diarrhea; calves doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1935 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 49-54Â
Sensitivity of Fish Pathogenic Bacteria to Various Medicinal Herbs
Authors: Muniruzzaman M , Chowdhury MBR 
Published: January 2009

The sensitivity of certain local medicinal herbs was evaluated against pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Edwardsiella tarda bacteria of fish during the period from April 2001 to March 2002. A suspension of freshly cultured experimental bacteria (2 x 107 CFU / ml) was prepared and 0.1 ml of this suspension was spread over the tryptic soya agar (TSA) plates. Then crude extract (0.1ml / plate) of each herb was inoculated in the middle of the cultured plate to detect the response. The herbal extract was categorized as high, medium and low inhibitory responded by observing the clear zone of inhibition. Fine extract of the high inhibitory responded herbs was applied under in vitro conditions against the bacteria tested. Twenty-one (80.76%), twenty-four (92.30%) and twelve (46.15%) species of the herbs tested showed antibacterial effect against A. hydrophila, P. fluorescens and E. tarda, respectively. Among them, high inhibitory responded herbs were 38.09% for inhibition of A. hydrophila and P.Â fluorescens and 38.33% for E. tarda. However, the extract collected from bulb of Allium sativum for inhibition of A. hydrophila and P.Â fluorescens and the decoction obtained from leaves of Calotropis gigantea for E. tarda were detected to be the most promising herbs considering effectiveness withÂ minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) among all of the herbs tested. Key words: Sensitivity; pathogenic bacteria; herbal extract; minimal inhibitory concentration doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1941 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 75-82
Portal Entry and Progression of Betanoda Virus Causing Viral Nervous Necrosis in Sevenband Grouper <i>Epinephelus septemfaciatus</i>
Authors: Banu GR , Mori K , Arimoto M , Chowdhury MBR , Nakai T 
Published: January 2009

A study was conducted toÂ identify the entry site for the betanodavirus, the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in 375 fish (150 spawn, 150 fry and 75 fingerling) during the period from March to August 2003. Highly susceptible fish, sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus to sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (SGNNV) was used as experimental fish. Fish were placed into the seawater containing 104 TCID50 mL-1 of the viral isolate for 1 h. Samples for virus isolation were randomly collected at an interval of 3 h, 12 h, 24 h and daily, and continued until 5 to14Â days depending on the mortality. The inoculated virus could first recover from the mouth including nostril at 3 h of exposure and then from fin at 12 h, and within 1 d it was detected from all the organs examined at titers ranging from 104 to 107 TCID50 g-1. The highest titer was found at day 5 in the target organs of central nervous system (CNS), i.e., the brain, bone including spinal cord, and eye. The results suggest that nasal route the initial route for the portal entry of betanodavirus into fish. Key words: Betanodavirus; viral nervous necrosis; virus titration; portal entry, nasal route; sevenband grouper doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1942 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 83-87
Warrant, Causation, and the Atomism of Evidence Law
Authors: Haack Susan 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThe epistemological analysis offered in this paper reveals that a combination of pieces of evidence, none of them sufficient by itself to warrant a causal conclusion to the legally required degree of proof, may do so jointly. The legal analysis offered here, interlocking with this, reveals thatDaubert’s requirement that courts screen each item of scientific expert testimony for reliability can actually impede the process of arriving at the conclusion most warranted by the evidence proffered.
The Weights of Evidence
Authors: Nance Dale A. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTInterest in the Keynesian concept of evidential weight has led to divergent views concerning the burden of proof in adjudication. It is argued that Keynes's concept is properly engaged only in the context of one special kind of decision, the decision whether or not the evidence is ripe for a decision on the underlying merits, whether the latter decision is based on probability, relative plausibility, coherence or otherwise. As a general matter, this question of ripeness is appropriately assigned to the judiciary for resolution as part of the burden of production, rather than to the jury or other factfinder as part of the burden of persuasion.
Explanationism All the Way Down
Authors: Allen Ronald J. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThe probabilistic account of juridical proof meets insurmountable problems. A better explanation of juridical proof is that it is a form of inference to the best explanation that involves the comparative plausibility of the parties’ stories. In addition, discrete evidentiary matters such as relevance and probative value are also best understood as involving inference to the best explanation rather than being probabilistic.
Explaining the Tension between the Supreme Court's Embrace of Validity as the Touchstone of Admissibility of Expert Testimony and Lower Courts' (Seeming) Rejection of Same
Authors: Saks Michael J. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTBy lopsided majorities, the U.S. Supreme Court, in a series of cases, persistently commanded the lower courts to condition the admission of proffered expert testimony on the demonstrated validity of the proponents’ claims of expertise. In at least one broad area–the so-called forensic sciences–the courts below have largely evaded the Supreme Court's holdings. This paper aims to try to explain this massive defiance by the lower courts in terms of social epistemology.