bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐melanocytic conjunctival epithelial lesions ‐ overview
Authors: ROSNER M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To give an overview on the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and treatment of non‐melanocytic conjunctival epithelial lesions. Methods: The current literature on non‐melanocytic conjunctival epithelial lesions was reviewed. Results: The non‐melanocytic conjunctival premalignant and malignant epithelial lesions include actinic keratosis, dysplasia, intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. The traditional management was by surgical excision with clear margins and cryotherapy was added to ensure the complete destruction of tumor cells. During the last decade new approaches were suggested using topical chemotherapy with mitomycin C, 5‐fluorouracil and interferon alpha‐2b as well as photodynamic therapy. Conclusions: New data is accumulating regarding the long and short‐term follow‐up after traditional and newer treatment modalities for non‐melanocytic conjunctival, epithelial lesions. Based on this data, the common practice of the management of these lesions is changing from almost only surgery towards increased use of the different topical chemotherapy treatments.
Clinicopathologic analysis in nasolacrimal canal obstruction
Authors: ALTAN‐YAYCIOGLU R , CANAN H , BAL N , SIZMAZ S , PELIT A , AKOVA YA 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the histopathological results of lacrimal sac biopsies in primary acquired nasolacrimal canal obstruction. Methods: 150 consecutive patients who were diagnosed as primary acquired nasolacrimal canal obstruction were included in this prospective non‐comparative study. Previous history of trauma and surgery to the periorbital area was accepted as exclusion criteria. Patients were evaluated for age, gender, history, and presenting symptoms. Lacrimal drainage system abnormalities were assessed. Lacrimal system irrigation, dacryocystography, and in selected cases dacryoscintigraphy was performed. All patients underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the posterior inferior flap and examined by the same pathologist. Results: The results of 27 male and 123 females with age ranging from 6 to 80 years (mean 47.7 ± 15.8 years) were analyzed. None of the patients had preexisting history of systemic disease. Ninteen patients had grossly abnormal or infectious appearing sac at the time of surgery. Of these, one patient had granulomatous inflammation of the lacrimal sac and was diagnosed with sarcoidosis during postoperative examination. One patient with normal appearing sac had basosquamous cell carcinoma and underwent dacryocystectomy. The remaining specimens showed chronic inflammation (n= 124), fibrosis (n= 19), normal mucosa (n= 4), or lymphoid hyperplasia (n= 1). Conclusions: Pathological examination of the lacrimal sac in primary nasolacrimal canal obstruction revealed chronic inflammatory changes in most of the patients. Although rare, granulomatous inflammation or tumour of the lacrimal sac might be observed in such cases. We recommend to biopsy all cases with nasolacrimal canal obstruction.
The EVI‐genoret phenotype / genotype patient data base: a pan‐European tool for retinal dystrophies and age related macular degeneration
Authors: ZRENNER E , WILKE R , TROEGER E , AYUSO C , VALLESPIN E , SILVA E , SCHOLL HP , BELLMANN C , RIPP R , POCH O , CUNHA‐VAZ J , SAHEL JA , CHAKRAVARTHY U , MOORE T 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Supported by EVI‐Genoret (EU LSHG‐CT‐512036)To build a patient registry that provides comprehensive, well standardized and high quality information on the phenotype and genotype of patients with hereditary and age related retinal diseases. To foster international collaboration by providing easy access to this resource of uniformly phenotyped patients for researchers worldwide. Methods: Within the EU funded project EVI‐Genoret standards for comprehensive phenotyping of patients with ARMD and hereditary retinal dystrophies (HRD) have been developed. These standards are implemented as electronic Case Report Form (CRF) in the patient registry. SOPs for clinical procedures assure high level of data quality. A 3 level system of datasets ensures comprehensive data acquisition and protection of sensible data. Data accessibility tags are used in order to establish and share data between collaborators. The database is SQL based and uses Java‐script as a platform independent user interface. Legal and ethical questions that arise in different countries are addressed by a professional project management. Results: The registry can be easily accessed by Internet after a registration process. The user interface enables simple access irrespective of the operating system, no special software must be installed. The electronic CRF guides through the examination. An intelligent system checks in real‐time for plausibility of entered data, supports consequent entries and automatically hides non‐relevant fields, thus facilitating time effective work.All entries are stored based on a 3 level system. Level1 as basic catalogue of entries is accessible to all users, only after one to one cooperation agreement mandatory level2 can be accessed.So far 4 European centres (Coimbra, London, Paris, Madrid, Tübingen) and one in the US contribute to the registry with more than 2000 entries for AMD and HRD in the first year since its implementation. Conclusions: We preset the first international patient registry for patients with HRD and ARMD based on widely accepted CRFs and clinical SOPs. This registry will serve as a valuable resource for clinical trials in both ARMD and HRD and for basic research in this field and is open for collaborators to join.
A previously undescribed autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy
Authors: HOLDER GE , BURGESS R , MILLAR ID , LEROY BP , URQHART JE , FEARON IM , DE BAERE E , BROWN PD , ROBSON AG , WRIGHT GA , KESTELYN P , WEBSTER AR , MANSON FDC , BLACK GC 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To report a previously undescribed autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy Methods: Seven patients from five families in two countries were ascertained with progressive visual loss and punctate retinal flecks. All patients received full ophthalmic examination, ERGs, PERG, EOG and fundus autofluorescence imaging, and gave DNA for mutational screening. They had previously received a variety of diagnoses, including “Goldmann‐Favre syndrome”, “fundus flavimaculatus” and “unrecognised dystrophy”. Results: All patients had reduced visual acuity, were hyperopic and had irregularity of the RPE reflex with widespread subretinal deposits. A maculopathy was associated with intra‐retinal or subretinal fluid in four cases. Autofluorescence imaging was particularly useful in demonstrating these signs. Angle‐closure glaucoma was present in two cases. All patients had abnormality of both rod and cone full‐field ERG responses, with delay in the cone flicker ERG. All had abnormal EOG light‐rise. Progression in ERG abnormality was documented in three families. The results of genetic analysis will be discussed. Conclusions: A novel retinal disorder is described. The distinctive clinical and electrophysiological features enable directed mutational screening.
Accuracy of scanning laser polarimetry, scanning laser tomography in a glaucoma screening trial
Authors: HOLLO G , TOTH M , KOTHY P 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To compare the usefulness of scanning laser polarimetry (GDx‐VCC), scanning laser tomography (HRT) and their combined evaluation in glaucoma screening. Methods: In a non‐population‐based pre‐publicized trial, self‐recruited Caucasian participants were screened for glaucoma with GDx‐VCC, HRT, and by independent clinical examination. Cases with possible glaucoma as found with any of the screening methods underwent a detailed clinical investigation to verify or exclude glaucoma. Results: Of the 136 attendees 118 participants (218 eyes) successfully underwent the GDx‐VCC and HRT II measurements. Twenty‐three eyes of 13 participants had glaucoma. Seventeen glaucomatous eyes had early damage. Evaluated separately, the GDx‐VCC screening test (borderline=normal) performed best with 7.5 positive likelihood ratio (PLR). PRL for all HRT parameters was <3.7. Combining different threshold criteria, for GDx‐VCC PLR increased to 14.0‐17.7, but no useful increase was seen for HRT (PRL<4.7 for all combinations). Combination of the best HRT and GDx‐VCC criteria resulted in PRL increase compared to the HRT combinations, but PRL decrease compared to the GDx‐VCC combinations (PRL<12.7 for all combinations). Conclusions: In this population with relatively high risk for mild glaucomatous damage, a combination of different GDx‐VCC criteria but not HRT criteria or combinations containing HRT criteria were useful for glaucoma screening.
The localisation of erythropoietin and erythropoietin‐receptor in the retinas of Goto‐Kakizaki rats using immunohistochemical methods
Authors: DEAK G , SZABO A , SERES A , NEMETH J , SZEL A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: A number of data indicates that erythropoietin (EPO) exhibits neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties in the brain and in the retina. EPO has been recently described to be elevated in the vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or diabetic macular edema. The aim of our study was to describe the cellular localisation of EPO and its receptor (EPO‐R) in the mammalian retina and to evaluate whether it is altered under diabetic conditions. Methods: Retinas of eight 10 weeks old type‐2 diabetic Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) and eight age‐matched non‐diabetic control (Wistar) rats were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in the study. Sections were cut from each specimen and stained with EPO and EPO‐R specific antibodies. The labelling was visualized by the ABC method or by fluorescent antibodies. Results: Although the retinas of both groups showed similar and diffuse distribution of immunolabels, the intensity of staining was variable among the specimens. The EPO specific staining resulted a strong label in the ganglion cell layer and a less intense staining in the inner nuclear and pigment epithelium layers. The receptor specific antibody labelled the same layers and structures, but the staining intensity was more robust. There was no significant difference regarding the staining pattern of either EPO or EPO‐R between the diabetic and non‐diabetic retinas. Conclusions: Erythropoietin and erythropoietin‐receptor are present in the retinas of GK rats although there is no significant difference in this early age as compared to non‐diabetic rat retinas. Further evaluation is necessary to assess the role of erythropoietin in diabetic retinopathy.
Intracorneal bevacizumab for treating corneal neovascularization in an experimental rabbit model
Authors: PERIS‐MARTINEZ C , ALCOCER‐YUSTE P , SANCHO‐TELLO M , AVINO‐MARTINEZ J , MARTINEZ‐BELDA R , MENEZO JL , ROMERO FJ , BOSCH‐MORELL F 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intracorneal and subconjunctival bevacizumab in treating corneal neovascularization in an experimental rabbit model. Methods: Eighteen eyes of 9 animals (New Zealand‐female rabbits) participated in this study. For assessment of corneal neovascularization we use an alkali solution (NaOH 1 M). All rabbit eyes developed features of limbal stem cell deficiency like corneal neovascularization, pesistent epithelial defects, etc...The right eye of the animal received 2 injections of bevacizumab (one under conjunctiva and another intracorneal) and left eye will receive two injections of a placebo solution (made of physiological serum) as a control group. Results: One month of follow‐up. All control corneas were revascularized to the center. Partial regression of newvessels was observed in 7 out of nine rabbit eyes treated with bevacizumab. Conclusions: On the basis of the results, we suggest that bevacizumab can be effective in reducing corneal neovascularization in this experimental model.
Support for the idea that light is a risk factor in optic neuropathies, like glaucoma
Authors: OSBORNE NN 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in the globe contain many mitochondria and it has been hypothesised that light can interact with these organelles to affect RGC survival in glaucoma. Studies on different cell‐types were conducted to support such a proposition. Methods: Near confluent cultures of RGC‐5 cells, primary rat retinal cultures, fibroblasts with normal (BJhTERT) or mitochondria depleted of mtDNA (rho0) were transferred to incubators containing light (400‐760nm; 800‐2000 lux; generally 2 days). Some of the cultures were covered with white paper to exclude the light. The cultures were then analysed for cell viability, generation of free radicals (ROS) and for death by apoptosis. Results: Oxidative status and mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity in retinal cultures (‐40±5%), RGC‐5 cells (‐20±4%) and BJhTERT cells (‐13±3%) was reduced significantly by light. Light reduced the number of GABA‐positive neurones (‐42±6%) in retinal cultures. Light caused a 3‐5 fold increase in TUNEL‐positive cells in primary retinal, RGC‐5 and BJhTERT cultures, than in the dark. ROS staining was also clearly elevated by light. The light‐induced toxic effect on the different cell types was significantly blunted by antioxidants like vitamin E and lipoic acid. Moreover, light‐induced apoptosis was caspase independent but PARP dependent. In contrast, rho0 cells that lacked functional mitochondria were unaffected by light. Conclusions: The present study shows that light can directly affect mitochondrial function to induce apoptosis. This supports the view that light can interact with the many RGC axon mitochondria to affect the viability of GCs and that this may be of significance in the progression of glaucoma.
Monitoring individual compliance in glaucoma patients used to topical therapy
Authors: BRON AM , HERMANN M , CREUZOT‐GARCHER C , DIESTELHORST M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Individual compliance with Brimonidine eye drops was studied in glaucoma patients and ocular hypertensives. Methods: Conventional Brimonidine vials were equipped with a microprocessor‐controlled monitoring device capable to record date and time of each eye drop application including ambient temperature. After written informed consent, glaucoma and ocular hypertensive patients used to eye drop therapy were randomly assigned to Brimonidine therapy b.i.d or t.i.d daily for 4 weeks. Results: Twenty six males and fourteen females aged 69 ± 11 years [42‐89] were enrolled in this study. According to the monitoring devices all patients were non‐compliant with regard to total dose and coverage. Electronic records revealed a mean of 1.5 (range: 1.1‐2.0) applications per day for patients assigned to Brimonidine 2x daily with a mean treatment interval of 16.8 hours (range: 12.1‐22.2 h). Patients on Brimonidine 3x daily showed a mean rate of 1.9 (range: 1.8‐2.7) applications per day and a mean treatment interval of 11.9 h (range: 9.1‐13.9 h). One patient discontinued therapy after day 7 (12 applications) and one after day 1 (1 application only). No difference was observed between IOP at baseline and after one month (p=0.16). Conclusions: The monitoring devices permit to detect individual non‐compliance with regard to missed doses, non‐treatment intervals. Our data confirm the need for larger studies on individual compliance with topical ocular therapy in glaucoma.
Spontaneous choroidal haematomas: differential diagnosis with uveal melanoma: a retrospective review of 95 cases
Authors: DESJARDINS L , LUMBROSO‐LEROUIC L , LEVY‐ GABRIEL C , GERBER S , BERGES O , IBA ZIZEN MT 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Introduction : Patients with peripheral choroidal melanoma are often misdiagnosed as uveal melanoma Methods: We have reviewed the clinical , MRI and ultrasonographic characteristics of patients sent to Curie institute for suspected uveal melanoma between 1998 and 2006 and of whom final diagnosis was choroidal hematoma Results: 95 patients were seen with this diagnosis ( for 2357 patients treated for uveal melanoma during the same period); the age varies between 54 and 92 years with a median age of 77 years; there was a history of macular degeneration in 27 cases and posterior pole drusen in 3 cases.11 patients were taking anticoagulant or antiaggregant medications .There was sudden loss of vision in 35 cases and a vitreous haemorrhage in 18 cases. The lesion was located in the posterior pole in 28 cases and in the periphery in 67 cases. The thickness measured by B scan ultrasonography varied between 1 mm and 7, 8 mm with a mean thickness of 2, 86 mm.MRI was necessary in 27 cases and color doppler ultrasonography in 10 cases. These exams usually show peripheral enhancement with gadolinium (compared to full thickness gadolinium enhancement in melanomas) and no vessels with doppler (compared to visible vascularisation in melanomas)A follow up was performed in 42 patients showing progressive fibrin scarring Conclusions: These peripheral hematomas can be due to peripheral exsudative chorioretinopathy or to ruptured retinal macroanevrysm; they are more frequent in elderly patients with vascular diseases . The diagnosis of choroidal hematoma is generally made by fundus examination but MRI and color doppler imaging can be usefull
Intravitreal bevacizumab in the treatment of refractory uveitic macular edema‐A one year follow up observational study
Authors: GALLAGHER MJ , CERVANTES‐CASTANEDA RA , YILMAZ T , FOSTER CS 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the long term outcome of intravitreal bevacizumab in the treatment of refractory uveitic macular edema (UME). Methods: Retrospective, non comparative, interventional case series.SETTING: Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institute.PATIENT POPULATION: All uveitic patients with macular edema who were refractory to conventional therapy and who were treated with intravitreal bevaclizumab were identified and assessed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Best corrected distance visual acuities (VA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) central macular thickness measurements. Correlative statistical analysis includes the use of the student's t‐paired test, Kaplan‐Meier, and linear regression analysis. Results: 29 eyes of 27 patients with diverse uveitic etiologies were analyzed and followed up for a period of one year. Thirteen patients received a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Six patients required a second intravitreal bevacizumab injection, while ten patients received combination therapy of intravitreal bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide. Baseline mean LogMAR VA was –0.59. At one year the mean LogMAR VA was ‐0.42± 0.36 (P=0.0045). Baseline mean OCT central macular thickness was 383.66 microns. At one year the mean thickness value was 294.32±110.87. (p=0.0007). Conclusions: Intravitreal bevacizumab is a useful and therapeutically beneficial agent in the treatment of refractory UME. Some patients will require adjunctive intravitreal bevacizumab injections or the use of combination therapy with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.
Optical inhibition of axial myopia progression
Authors: PHILLIPS JR , ANSTICE NS 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The Dual‐focus Inhibition of Myopia Evaluation in New Zealand (DIMENZ) clinical trial tests the efficacy of myopic retinal defocus in slowing myopia progression. Methods: Dual‐focus (DF) soft contact lenses have a central correction zone and peripheral zones that cause 2.00D of simultaneous myopic retinal defocus during distance and near viewing. Children (12‐14 yrs, n=40, mean refractive error: ‐ 2.70D) were fitted with a DF lens in one eye and a single vision distance (SVD) lens in the fellow eye. After 10 mo. wear, lens assignment was swapped between eyes and the lenses worn for a further 10 mo. Accommodation was measured using an open‐field autorefractor. Myopia progression was monitored using cycloplegic autorefraction and partial coherence interferometry every 5 mo. Results: Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity of eyes wearing DF & SVD lenses were not different (p=0.209 & 0.157). When the DF lens was worn with either a single vision near (effective add = +2.50D) or a SVD lens in the fellow eye, children accommodated normally to a target at 40 cms. Preliminary results for 10 children after 10 mo. showed that the mean (± 1 SE) increase in myopia and axial length in eyes wearing the DF lens (‐0.45 ± 0.40D & 0.08 ± 0.079mm) were significantly less (p<0.0001 & 0.00002) than in eyes wearing the SVD lens (‐0.79 ± 0.41D & 0.21 ± 0.11 mm). Thus, DF lenses had a 12 mo. adjusted treatment effect of 0.40D & 0.15 mm. Conclusions: DF lenses provide normal acuity and contrast sensitivity. They do not alter accommodative response, so provide myopic retinal defocus at distance and near. Myopia progression is slowed significantly in eyes wearing DF lenses, suggesting that myopic defocus acts as an anti‐myopiagenic stimulus.
Cup reversal protects from glaucoma progression
Authors: HARJU M , SAARI J , KURVINEN L , VESTI E 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Reversal of optic disc cupping after reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) is well documented. The effect of cup reversal on the risk of progression of glaucoma was investigated. Methods: All 80 consecutive patients referred to the Helsinki University Eye Hospital between May 1995 and May 1997 because of exfoliation glaucoma were included. They were treated medically, with laser trabeculoplasty, or surgically. Fifty‐six patients (mean age ±SD at study entry, 70 ± 7 years) were followed for 5.9 ± 0.8 years. Scanning laser opthtalmoscopy (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, HRT) of the optic nerve head was performed before treatment and at follow up visits. A decrease of more than 5% in the HRT parameter cup volume (CV) after change in treatment was considered to be a sign of cup reversal. The effect of cup reversal on progression of glaucoma was modelled in multiple logistic regression. Results: Of 56 patients, 24 showed progression of glaucoma in visual fields or optic discs. The other 32 remained stable. IOP reduced from 21 ± 5 mmHg to 16 ± 4 mmHg (P < 0.001). Presence of cup reversal was related to decreased risk of progression of glaucoma (Odds ratio [OR], 0.226; 95% CI, 0.055‐0.917, P = 0.037). The risk of progression increased with higher MD at study entry (OR, 1.158 for each dB; 95% CI, 1.034‐1.296; P = 0.011), and higher final IOP (OR, 1.216 for each mmHg; 95% CI, 1.000‐1.479; P = 0.050). The change in IOP from study entry to final IOP was not associted with progressio progression (OR, 0.964 for each mmHg; 95% CI, 0.850‐1.092, P = 0.561). Conclusions: Optic disc cupping can be reversed and sustained for years after IOP reduction. Cup reversal seemed to be an independent protective factor against progression of glaucoma.