bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo effects of carprofen, deracoxib, and etodolac on prostanoid production in blood, gastric mucosa, and synovial fluid in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis
Authors: Sessions John K. , Reynolds Lisa R. , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate in vivo activity of carprofen, deracoxib, and etodolac on prostanoid production in several target tissues in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis.Animals—8 dogs with chronic unilateral osteoarthritis of the stifle joint.Procedure—Each dog received carprofen, deracoxib, or etodolac for 10 days with a 30- to 60-day washout period between treatments. On days 0, 3, and 10, prostaglandin (PG) E2concentrations were measured in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated blood, synovial fluid, and gastric mucosal biopsy specimens; PGE1concentrations were measured in gastric mucosal biopsy specimens; and thromboxane B2(TXB2) was evaluated in blood.Results—Carprofen and deracoxib significantly suppressed PGE2concentrations in blood at days 3 and 10, compared with baseline, whereas etodolac did not. None of the drugs significantly suppressed TXB2concentrations in blood or gastric PGE1synthesis at any time point. All 3 drugs significantly decreased gastric synthesis of PGE2at day 3 but not day 10 of each treatment period. All 3 drugs decreased synovial fluid PGE2concentrations in the affected and unaffected stifle joints at days 3 and 10.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that carprofen and deracoxib act in vivo on target tissues as COX-1–sparing drugs by sparing gastric PGE1and PGE2synthesis and production of TXB2by platelets. Etodolac also appears to be COX-1 sparing but may have variable effects on COX-2 depending on the tissue. In gastric mucosa and synovial fluid, there were no significant differences in PG production between compounds at recommended concentrations. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:812–817)
Effects of submaximal exercise on adenine nucleotide concentrations in skeletal muscle fibers of horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy
Authors: Annandale Erin J. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Essén-Gustavsson Birgitta 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether disruption of adenine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration and subsequent adenine nucleotide degradation are potential mechanisms for rhabdomyolysis in horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) performing submaximal exercise.Animals—7 horses with PSSM and 4 control horses.Procedures—Horses with PSSM performed 2-minute intervals of a walk and trot exercise on a treadmill until muscle cramping developed. Control horses exercised similarly for 20 minutes. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was measured 4 hours after exercise. Citrate synthase (CS), 3-OH-acylCoA dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities prior to exercise and glucose- 6-phosphate (G-6-P) and lactate concentrations before and after exercise were measured in gluteal muscle specimens. Adenine triphosphate, diphosphate (ADP), monophosphate (AMP), and inosine monophosphate (IMP) concentrations were measured before and after exercise in whole muscle, single muscle fibers, and pooled single muscle fibers.Results—Serum CK activity ranged from 255 to 22,265 U/L in horses with PSSM and 133 to 278 U/L in control horses. Muscle CS activity was lower in horses with PSSM, compared with control horses. Muscle G-6-P, lactate, ATP, ADP, and AMP concentrations in whole muscle did not change with exercise in any horses. Concentration of IMP increased with exercise in whole muscle, pooled muscle fibers, and single muscle fibers in horses with PSSM. Large variations in ATP and IMP concentrations were observed within single muscle fibers.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increased IMP concentration without depletion of ATP in individual muscle fibers of horses with PSSM during submaximal exercise indicates an energy imbalance that may contribute to the development of exercise intolerance and rhabdomyolysis. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:839–845)
Plasma and skin concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids before and after supplementation with n-3 fatty acids in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Mueller Ralf S. , Fettman Martin J. , Richardson Kristi , Hansen Rodney A. , Miller Arianne , Magowitz Jody , Ogilvie Gregory K. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine essential fatty acid concentrations
in plasma and tissue before and after supplementation
with n-3 fatty acids in dogs with atopic dermatitis.

Animals—30 dogs with atopic dermatitis.

Procedure—Dogs received supplemental flaxseed oil
(200 mg/kg/d), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA;
50 mg/kg/d)-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA;
35 mg/kg/d), or mineral oil as a placebo in a doubleblind,
placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Clinical
scores and plasma and cutaneous concentrations of
linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, α-linolenic acid (α-LLA),
EPA, DHA, prostaglandin E2, and leukotriene B4 were
determined.

Results—Total plasma concentrations of α-LLA and
EPA increased and those of arachidonic acid
decreased significantly with administration of EPADHA,
and concentrations of α-LLA increased with
flaxseed oil supplementation; nevertheless, there
was no significant change in the concentrations of
these fatty acids or eicosanoids in the skin. There was
no correlation between clinical scores and plasma or
cutaneous concentrations for any of the measured
fatty acids or eicosanoids.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated
that at the dose used, neither the concentrations
of fatty acids in skin or plasma nor a decrease in
the production of inflammatory eicosanoids was a
major factor involved in the mechanism of action in
dogs with atopy that responded to fatty acid supplementation.
(Am J Vet Res 2005;66:868–873)
Evaluation of the use of technetium Tc 99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid and technetium Tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid for scintigraphic imaging of the kidneys in green iguanas ( Iguana iguana )
Authors: Greer Leah L. , Daniel Gregory B. , Shearn-Bochsler Valerie I. , Ramsay Edward C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of scintigraphy involving technetium Tc 99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) or technetium Tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) for the determination of kidney morphology and function in green iguanas (Iguana iguana).Animals—10 healthy iguanas weighing > 1.6 kg.Procedure—Renal scintigraphy was performed by use of99mTc-DTPA in 6 of the iguanas and by use of99mTc-DMSA in all 10 iguanas. After the injection of99mTc-DMSA, scans were performed for each iguana at intervals during a 20-hour period. Renal biopsies were performed in all 10 iguanas after the final scintigraphic evaluation.Results—In iguanas, the use of99mTc-DTPA for renal scintigraphy was nondiagnostic because of serum protein binding and poor renal uptake of the isotope; mean ± SD99mTc-DTPA bound to serum proteins was 48.9 ± 9.9%. Renal uptake of99mTc-DMSA produced distinct visualization of both kidneys. Renal uptake and soft tissue clearance of99mTc-DMSA increased over the 20-hour imaging period; mean ± SD renal uptake of99mTc-DMSA was 11.31 ± 3.06% at 20 hours. In each of the 10 iguanas, ultrasonographic and histologic examinations of biopsy specimens from both kidneys revealed no abnormalities.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that the kidneys of iguanas can be evaluated scintigraphically by use of99mTc-DMSA; this technique may be potentially useful for the diagnosis of renal failure in iguanas. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:87–92)
Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical evaluation of the effects of extracorporeal shock wave treatment in the hind limbs of horses with experimentally induced suspensory ligament desmitis
Authors: Caminoto Elisa H. , Alves Ana Liz G. , Amorim Renée L. , Thomassian Armen , Hussni Carlos A. , Nicoletti José Luis M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on affected ligaments in the hind limbs of horses with experimentally induced suspensory ligament desmitis by use of ultrasonographic, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical techniques.Animals—10 horses.Procedure—Suspensory ligament desmitis was induced in both hind limbs of each horse by use of 2 collagenase injections (administered 2 weeks apart) in each suspensory ligament. Two weeks after the second injection, the right hind limb of each horse was treated with ESWT (3 treatments at 3-week intervals); the left hind limb was not treated (control limb). Periodically during the study, the healing process was monitored ultrasonographically and the proportions of ligaments affected with lesions were assessed. Four weeks after the last ESWT treatment, biopsy specimens were collected from all ligaments for ultrastructural evaluation and immunocytochemical analysis of transforming growth factor β-1.Results—The difference in the proportion of the lesionaffected ligament between ESWT-treated and control limbs was significant (P< 0.05) from 3 weeks after the second ESWT treatment to the end of the study. Compared with control ligaments, ESWT-treated ligaments had more small, newly formed collagen fibrils and greater expression of transforming growth factor β-1 4 weeks after the last ESWT treatment was administered.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results have indicated that ESWT appears to facilitate the healing process in horses with experimentally induced hind limb suspensory ligament desmitis. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:892–896)
Meal-induced gastric relaxation and emptying in horses after ingestion of high-fat versus high-carbohydrate diets
Authors: Lorenzo-Figueras Mireia , Preston Tom , Ott Edgar A. , Merritt Alfred M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effect of ingestion of a
high-carbohydrate versus a high-fat meal on relaxation
of the proximal portion of the stomach and subsequent
gastric emptying in horses.

Animals—6 healthy adult horses.

Procedure—The study consisted of 2 phases. In
phase I, horses were offered a high-fat (8% fat) or a
high-carbohydrate (3% fat) pelleted meal (0.5 g/kg) of
identical volume, caloric density, and protein content.
In phase II, meals consisted of a commercial sweet
feed meal (0.5 g/kg) or this meal supplemented with
corn oil (12.3% fat) or an isocaloric amount of glucose
(2.9% fat). Proximal gastric tone was measured by
variations in volume of an intragastric bag introduced
through a gastric cannula and maintained with a constant
internal pressure by an electronic barostat. Rate
of gastric emptying was measured simultaneously
with the 13C-octanoic acid breath test. Interaction
between both techniques was studied in additional
experiments.

Results—Meals with higher carbohydrate content
induced a significantly more prolonged receptive
relaxation of the proximal portion of the stomach than
those with higher fat content, but the accommodation
response was similar. Labeling the meals with
the breath test marker influenced the accommodation
response measured by the barostat. Gastric emptying
rates were not significantly different between
meals, although those high in carbohydrate initially
emptied more slowly.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, in
contrast to most species, dietary fat supplementation
may not have a profound effect on gastric motility.
(Am J Vet Res 2005;66:897–906)
Assessment of serum concentrations and sedative effects of fentanyl after transdermal administration at three dosages in healthy llamas
Authors: Grubb Tamara L. , Gold Jenifer R. , Schlipf John W. , Craig A. Morrie , Walker Karen C. , Riebold Thomas W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the serum concentrations and sedative effects of fentanyl after transdermal administration at 3 dosages in llamas.Animals—9 healthy adult female llamas (mean age, 8 ± 3 years; mean weight, 150 ± 18 kg).Procedure—Llamas were allocated to 1 of 3 groups (3 llamas/group). Fentanyl patches (each providing transdermal delivery of 75 µg of fentanyl/h) were placed on shaved areas of the antebrachium of all llamas. In group 1, llamas were treated with 1 patch (anticipated fentanyl dosage, 75 µg/h). In group 2, llamas were treated with 2 patches (anticipated fentanyl dosage, 150 µg/h). In group 3, llamas were treated with 4 patches (anticipated fentanyl dosage, 300 µg/h). For each llama, the degree of sedation was assessed by use of a subjective scoring system and a blood sample was collected for determination of serum fentanyl concentration at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after patch placement.Results—Following the placement of 4 patches, mean ± SD serum fentanyl concentration in group 3 llamas reached 0.3 ± 0.08 ng/mL within 12 hours. This concentration was sustained for 72 hours. In group 2, application of 2 patches provided inconsistent results; in group 1, application of 1 patch rarely provided measurable serum fentanyl concentrations. No llamas became sedated at any time.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that application of four 75 µg/h fentanyl patches provides consistent, sustained serum fentanyl concentrations without sedation in llamas. However, the serum concentration of fentanyl that provides analgesia in llamas is not known. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:907–909)
Experimental induction of bacterial gastritis and gastric ulcer disease in gnotobiotic swine inoculated with porcine Helicobacter-like species
Authors: Krakowka Steven , Rings D. Michael , Ellis John A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether 2 isolates of recently isolated swine-originHelicobacterpylori-like bacteria are pathogenic in pigs and compare the signs of gastric disease induced by these isolates with those detected inH pylori-andHelicobacter heilmannii-in fected pigs.Animals—36 neonatal gnotobiotic pigs.Procedure—Groups of separately housed pigs were inoculated orally with swine-originHelicobacter-like isolates 2662 or 1268,H pylori(human gastric pathogen), or a gastric homogenate from gnotobiotic swine containingH heilmannii. Noninoculated pigs were used as control animals. Clinical signs and development of homologous and heterologous antibodies againstHelicobacterorganisms were assessed. After euthanasia, gastric tissues were examined grossly and microscopically;Helicobacterorganisms were detected by use of Warthin-Starry and immunohistochemical stains.Results—Both porcineHelicobacter-like isolates colonized the stomachs of swine. Isolate 2662 was highly pathogenic; in 13 isolate 2662-inoculated pigs, gastroesophageal ulcerations developed in 9 and ulceration of the gastric glandular mucosa was detected in 5. Histologically, inflammatory gastritis consisting of multifocal to diffuse lymphocytic and plasmacytic cellular infiltrates and lymphoid follicle formation in the gastric lamina propria accompanied bacterial colonization of the gastric compartment. In contrast,H heilmanniiwas minimally pathogenic in that only modest inflammatory cell infiltrates were seen. Gastroesophageal or mucosal ulcers were not evident in pigs inoculated withH heilmannii.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These data indicate that swine-originH pylori-like bacteria can be pathogenic in pigs and suggest that porcine gastric disease may be mediated, in part, by colonization of the stomach by swine-originH pylori-like bacteria. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:945–952)
In vivo effects of tepoxalin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, on prostanoid and leukotriene production in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis
Authors: Agnello Kimberly A. , Reynolds Lisa R. , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate in vivo effects of tepoxalin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), on prostaglandin (PG) and leukotriene production in osteoarthritic dogs.Animals—7 mixed-breed adult dogs with chronic unilateral arthritis of a stifle joint.Procedure—Dogs were treated in accordance with a randomized 3-way crossover design. Each dog received an inert substance, meloxicam, or tepoxalin for 10 days. On day 0 (baseline), 3, and 10, dogs were anesthetized and samples of blood, stifle joint synovial fluid, and gastric mucosa were collected. Concentrations of PGE2were measured in synovial fluid and after lipopolysaccharide stimulation of whole blood; PGE1and PGE2synthesis was measured in gastric mucosa. Thromboxane B2(TxB2) concentration was measured in whole blood. Leukotriene B4(LTB4) concentration was determined in gastric mucosa and in whole blood after ex vivo stimulation with a calcium ionophore.Results—Tepoxalin significantly decreased LTB4concentrations in the blood and gastric mucosa at day 10 and TxB2concentrations in the blood and PGE2in the gastric mucosa and synovial fluid at days 3 and 10, compared with baseline values. Meloxicam significantly decreased PGE2concentrations in the blood at days 3 and 10 and synovial fluid at day 3. Meloxicam also decreased PGE1and PGE2synthesis in the gastric mucosa at day 3. Meloxicam did not affect LTB4synthesis in the blood or LTB4concentrations in the gastric mucosa.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tepoxalin has in vivo inhibitory activity against COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX in dogs at the current approved recommended dosage. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:966–972)
Cardiopulmonary effects of positive end-expiratory pressure during one-lung ventilation in anesthetized dogs with a closed thoracic cavity
Authors: Riquelme Miriam , Monnet Eric , Kudnig Simon T. , Gaynor James S. , Wagner Ann E. , Corliss Denise , Salman M. D. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effects on oxygen delivery
(DO2) of 2.5 and 5 cm H2O of positive end-expiratory
pressure (PEEP) applied to the dependent lung
during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in anesthetized dogs
with a closed thoracic cavity.

Animals—7 clinically normal adult Walker Hound
dogs.

Procedure—Dogs were anesthetized, and catheters
were inserted in a dorsal pedal artery and the pulmonary
artery. Dogs were positioned in right lateral
recumbency, and data were collected during OLV
(baseline), after application of 2.5 cm H2O of PEEP for
15 minutes during OLV, and after application of 5 cm
H2O of PEEP for 15 minutes during OLV.
Hemodynamic and respiratory variables were analyzed
and calculations performed to obtain DO2, and
values were compared among the various time points
by use of an ANOVA for repeated measures.

Results—PEEP induced a significant decrease in
shunt fraction that resulted in a significant increase in
arterial oxygen saturation. However, it failed to significantly
affect arterial oxygen content (CaO2) or cardiac
output. Thus, DO2 was not affected in healthy normoxemic
dogs as a net result of the application of
PEEP.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The use of
PEEP during OLV in anesthetized dogs with a closed
thoracic cavity did not affect DO2. Use of PEEP during
OLV in dogs with a closed thoracic cavity is recommended
because it does not affect cardiac output and
any gain in CaO2 will be beneficial for DO2 in critically
ill patients. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:978–983)
Evaluation of hyaluronidase activity in equine and bovine sera and equine synovial fluid samples by use of enzyme zymography
Authors: Williams Jennifer M. , Stokes Jessica M. , MacDonald Melinda H. , Benton Hilary P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate the activities of hyaluronidases in equine sera and synovial fluid samples and sera from fetal and adult bovids and evaluate the extent to which the degradation of hyaluronan is influenced by chondrocytes.Sample Population—Commercial and noncommercial samples of equine (n = 6) and bovine (6) sera and 16 synovial fluid samples from horses.Procedure—Hyaluronidase activities in sera and synovial fluid samples were assessed via enzyme zymography (performed at pH 4, 5, 6, or 7). Chondrocytes were isolated from equine cartilage and cultured with or without hyaluronan (1 mg/mL); the degradation of hyaluronan was assessed via agarose gel electrophoresis.Results—Hyaluronidase activity was detected in equine sera and synovial fluid samples at pH 4, but not at pH 7, and in bovine sera at both pH values. In all samples at pH 4, a major band of activity (molecular weight, approx 60 kd) and some additional higher molecular weight bands were detected; high- and low-molecular-weight activities were detected in bovine sera at pH 7. Hyaluronan in tissue culture medium with or without fetal calf serum was degraded in the presence, but not the absence, of equine chondrocytes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hyaluronidase activity was detected in equine sera and synovial fluid at pH 4 and in bovine sera at pH 4 and 7. Primary chondrocytes in monolayer culture can degrade exogenous hyaluronan. Modulating native hyaluronidase activity may offer a new approach to improve the quantity and quality of hyaluronan in articular joints. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:984–990)
Efficacy of oxytetracycline for treatment of papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions on various anatomic locations in dairy cows
Authors: Hernandez Jorge , Shearer Jan K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate efficacy of topical treatment with oxytetracycline solution among dairy cows with papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) lesions on the interdigital cleft, heels, or dewclaw.Design—Clinical trial.Animals—70 dairy cows from a single herd.Procedure—On the basis of anatomic location of PDD lesions, cows were allocated into 1 of 3 groups (interdigital cleft [n = 14], heels [30], or dewclaw [26]) and treated topically with oxytetracycline solution. Cows were examined 14 and 30 days after initial treatment. During each examination, pain and lesion size scores were recorded.Results—On the basis of pain and lesion size scores, oxytetracycline appeared significantly less effective among cows with lesions on the interdigital cleft than for cows with lesions on the heels or the dewclaw. Number of cows with signs of pain or visible lesions after treatment was significantly higher for cows with lesions on the interdigital cleft than for cows with lesions on heels or the dewclaw.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Anatomic location of PDD lesions has an effect on the efficacy of topical treatment with oxytetracycline solution in dairy cows affected with PDD. Cows with lesions on the interdigital cleft were less likely to respond to treatment, compared with cows with lesions on the heels or the dewclaw. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1288–1290)