bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How can we improve Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for older people living with frailty in primary care and community settings? A qualitative study
Authors: Mahmoud Aseel , Goodwin Victoria A , Morley Naomi , Whitney Julie , Lamb Sarah E , Lyndon Helen , Creanor Siobhan , Frost Julia 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveWith advancing age comes the increasing prevalence of frailty and increased risk of adverse outcomes (eg, hospitalisation). Evidence for comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), a multidimensional holistic model of care, is mixed in community settings. Uncertainties remain, such as the key components of CGA, who delivers it, and the use of technology. This study aimed to understand the perspectives, beliefs and experiences, of both older people and health professionals, to improve the current CGA and explore factors that may impact on CGA delivery in community settings.DesignA qualitative interview study was conducted with older people and healthcare professionals (HCPs) identified using a maximum variation strategy. Data were analysed using an abductive analysis approach. The non-adoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread and sustainability framework and the theoretical framework of acceptability guided the categorisation of the codes and identified categories were mapped to the two frameworks.SettingEngland, UK.Results27 people were interviewed, constituting 14 older people and 13 HCPs. We identified limitations in the current CGA: a lack of information sharing between different HCPs who deliver CGA; poor communication between older people and their HCPs and a lack of follow-up as part of CGA. When we discussed the potential for CGA to use technology, HCPs and older people varied in their readiness to engage with it.ConclusionsViable solutions to address gaps in the current delivery of CGA include the provision of training and support to use digital technology and a designated comprehensive care coordinator. The next stage of this research will use these findings, existing evidence and stakeholder engagement, to develop and refine a model of community-based CGA that can be assessed for feasibility and acceptability.
Exploring factors associated with healthcare professionals’ subjective perceptions of complex issues in primary care in Japan: a self-administered survey study on confidence, satisfaction and burden levels
Authors: Haruta Junji , Goto Ryohei 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore factors associated with healthcare professionals’ subjective perceptions of complex issues in primary care settings in Japan.DesignCross-sectional survey conducted through a self-administered web-based questionnaire.SettingJapan, from June to October 2020.ParticipantsHealthcare professionals recruited via an email list from the Japan Primary Care Association.MeasuresThe questionnaire assessed subjective perception of satisfaction, confidence and burden regarding complex issues using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Explanatory variables included the Japanese version of the Self-assessment Scale of Interprofessional Competency (JASSIC), basic demographic information, administrative experience and an organisational climate scale. This scale comprised the ‘Plan, Do, See’ (PDS) factor for management and the ‘Do’ factor in a leader-centred direction for those working under compulsion. Factors associated with subjective perceptions were analysed using binomial logistic regression analysis and Bonferroni analysis (p<0.017).ResultsData from 593 participants (average age of 41.2 years, including 133 nurses, 128 physicians and 120 social workers) were analysed. Median (quartile) VAS scores for satisfaction, confidence and burden were 50 (36–70), 52 (40–70) and 50 (30–66), respectively. Higher satisfaction group was significantly associated with PDS factor, Do factor and JASSIC Score. Greater confidence group associated with older age, male, Do factor, administrative experience and JASSIC Score. No factors were significantly associated with the higher perceived burden.ConclusionThese findings reveal that interprofessional competency self-assessment influence perceptions of complex issues among healthcare professionals. Moreover, satisfaction with complex issues might be enhanced by a manageable organisational climate, while confidence might be influenced by personal attributes.
Prevalence and impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with acute ischaemic stroke: a nationwide register-based cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Mortensen Janne Kaergaard , Blauenfeldt Rolf Ankerlund , Hedegaard Jakob Nebeling , Morberg Wejse Christian , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Andersen Grethe , Simonsen Claus Ziegler 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesAn increased risk of stroke has been reported among patients with COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to investigate the nationwide prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among patients with acute ischaemic stroke and to study the impact on stroke severity, quality of care and mortality on an individual patient level.DesignThis was a nationwide register-based cohort study.SettingWe used data from several Danish registers which were linked at an individual patient level using the unique civil registration number assigned to all Danish citizens. Patients were identified from the Danish Stroke Registry and information on SARS-CoV-2 infection status was collected from the Danish National COVID-19 Registry. Concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as a positive PCR test within 31 days prior to, and 1 day after, stroke admission. Information on comorbidity was collected from the Danish National Patient Registry and information on vital status was collected from the Danish Civil Registration System.ParticipantsA total of 11 502 patients admitted with acute ischaemic stroke from 10 March 2020 to 31 May 2021 were included in the study.ResultsAmong the included patients, the majority (84.6%) were tested for SARS-CoV-2, but only 68 had a positive test. These patients were more prone to have atrial fibrillation and were more often treated with reperfusion therapy. They had a significantly increased risk of severe stroke (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.93, 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.04) and a significantly increased 30-day mortality risk (aRR 2.29, 95% CI: 1.19 to 4.39). There was no difference in the proportion of patients fulfilling relevant performance measures on quality of care.ConclusionIn this nationwide study, only 0.6% of patients with acute ischaemic stroke were tested positive for a concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patients with SARS-CoV-2 presented with more severe strokes.
Constitution of Long COVID illness, patienthood and recovery: a critical synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Harrison Mia , Rhodes Tim , Lancaster Kari 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the lived experiences of Long COVID.DesignCritical interpretive synthesis of qualitative research.Data sourcesPubMed and Web of Science databases were searched on 14 September 2023.Eligibility criteriaOriginal peer-reviewed qualitative studies describing the experiences of Long COVID were eligible for inclusion.Data extraction and synthesisWe used established qualitative synthesis methods to search, screen and manually code the included studies. Critical interpretation methods were used to analyse the data and develop synthetic constructs.Results68 articles were identified in the first phase of sampling, with 16 studies and 879 participants included in the final synthesis. The analysis of these studies was organised into three thematic constructions of Long COVID: (1) the illness, (2) the patient and (3) recovery. Long COVID was diversely characterised across study approaches, designs and findings but was underpinned by shared diagnostic logics, which shaped the identification and measurement of symptoms. The boundaries between different constitutions of Long COVID in qualitative accounts of illness experience were often imprecise. Slippages between different definitions of Long COVID had implications for patient experiences in relation to diagnosis, help-seeking and care, and expectations of recovery.ConclusionsLong COVID is a site of multiple and diverse qualitative interpretation. Accounts of lived experience emphasise the constitutions of illness, patienthood and recovery as situated and emergent. The ongoing context-based negotiation of Long COVID is a defining qualitative feature of the condition. Approaches to researching, diagnosing and developing health interventions must be as adaptive as the varieties of Long COVID lived experience.
Extent of investigation and management of cases of ‘unexplained’ mismatch repair deficiency (u-dMMR): a UK Cancer Genetics Group consensus
Authors: McVeigh Terri Patricia , Monahan Kevin J , Christopher Joseph , West Nick , Scott Malcolm , Murray Jennie , Hanson Helen 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundMismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is a characteristic feature of cancers linked to Lynch syndrome. However, in most cases, it results from sporadic somatic events rather than hereditary factors. The term ‘Lynch-like syndrome’ (LLS) has been used to guide colorectal cancer surveillance for relatives of individuals with a dMMR tumour when somatic and germline genomic testing is uninformative. As the assessment of mismatch repair through immunohistochemistry and/or microsatellite instability is increasingly applied across various tumour types for treatment planning, dMMR is increasingly detected in tumours where suspicion of hereditary aetiology is low. Our objective was to establish current practices and develop national guidance for investigating, and managing relatives of, patients with cancers demonstrating unexplained dMMR.MethodsThis was achieved through a virtual consensus meeting involving key stakeholders from the UK, through premeeting surveys, structured discussions and in-meeting polling to formulate best practice guidance.ResultsWe identified variability in the availability of diagnostic technologies across specialist centres. It was agreed that equitable access to baseline testing is required, acknowledging the need for a pragmatic approach to investigating dMMR cancers not traditionally associated with Lynch syndrome. Factors such as family history, age, tumour type, protein loss pattern and extent of the investigation were deemed crucial in guiding family management. The term ‘unexplained dMMR’ was recommended over LLS.ConclusionDecisions regarding investigations and future cancer risk management in patients and relatives should be nuanced, considering factors like clinical suspicion of hereditary predisposition to allocate limited resources efficiently and avoid unnecessary investigations in low-suspicion families.
Existence and classification of positive solutions for coupled purely critical Kirchhoff system
Authors: Gao Yahui , Luo Xiao , Zhen Maoding 
Published: March 2024

We study the nonlinear coupled Kirchhoff system with purely Sobolev critical exponent. By using appropriate transformation, we get one equivalent system involving a critical Schrödinger system and an algebraic system. Through solving the critical Schrödinger system with a corresponding algebraic system, under suitable conditions we obtain the existence and classification of positive ground states for the Kirchhoff system in dimensions 3 and 4. Furthermore, for the degenerate case, we give a complete classification of positive ground states for the Kirchhoff system in any dimension. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to give classification results for the ground states of Kirchhoff systems. The results in this paper partially extend and complement the main results established by Lü and Peng [Existence and asymptotic behavior of vector solutions for coupled nonlinear Kirchhoff-type system, J. Differ. Equ. 263 (2017) 8947–8978] considering the linearly coupled Kirchhoff system with subcritical exponent and some partial results established by Chen and Zou [Positive least energy solutions and phase separation for coupled Schrödinger equations with critical exponent, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 205 (2012) 515–551; Positive least energy solutions and phase separation for coupled Schrödinger equations with critical exponent: higher dimensional case, Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 52 (2015) 423–467], where the authors considered the coupled purely critical Schrödinger system.
Robustness of Updatable Learning-based Index Advisors against Poisoning Attack
Authors: Zheng Yihang , Lin Chen , Lyu Xian , Zhou Xuanhe , Li Guoliang , Wang Tianqing 
Published: March 2024

Despite the promising performance of recent learning-based Index Advisors (IAs), they exhibited the robustness issue when poisoning attacks polluted training data. This paper presents the first attempt to study the robustness of updatable learning-based IAs against poisoning attack, i.e., whether the IAs can maintain robust performance if their training/updating is disturbed by injecting an extraneous toxic workload. The goal is to provide an opaque-box stress test that is generally effective in evaluating the robustness of different learning-based IAs without using the users' private data.
There are three challenges, i.e., how to probe "index preference" from opaque-box IAs, how to design effective injecting strategies even if the IAs can be fine-tuned, and how to generate queries to meet the specific constraints for IA probing and injecting. The presented stress-test framework PIPA consists of a probing stage, an injecting stage, and a query generator. To address the first challenge, the probing stage estimates the IA's indexing preference by observing its responses to the probing workload. To address the second challenge, the injecting stage injects workloads that spoof the IA to demote the top-ranked indexes in the estimated indexing preference and promote mid-ranked indexes. The stress test is effective because the IA is trapped in a local optimum even after fine-tuning. To address the third challenge, PIPA utilizes IABART (Index Aware BART) to generate queries that can be optimized by building indexes on a given set of indexes. Extensive experiments on different benchmarks against various learning-based IAs demonstrate the effectiveness of PIPA and that existing learning-based IAs are non-robust when faced with even a subtle amount of injected extraneous toxic workloads.
Predictive and Near-Optimal Sampling for View Materialization in Video Databases
Authors: Xu Yanchao , Zhang Dongxiang , Zhang Shuhao , Wu Sai , Feng Zexu , Chen Gang 
Published: March 2024

Scalable video query optimization has re-emerged as an attractive research topic in recent years. The OTIF system, a video database with cutting-edge efficiency, has introduced a new paradigm of utilizing view materialization to facilitate online query processing. Specifically, it stores the results of multi-object tracking queries to answer common video queries with sub-second latency. However, the cost associated with view materialization in OTIF is prohibitively high for supporting large-scale video streams.
In this paper, we study efficient MOT-based view materialization in video databases. We first conduct a theoretical analysis and establish two types of optimality measures that serve as lower bounds for video frame sampling. In order to minimize the number of processed video frames, we propose a novel predictive sampling framework, namely LEAP, exhibits near-optimal sampling performance. Its efficacy relies on a data-driven motion manager that enables accurate trajectory prediction, a compact object detection model via knowledge distillation, and a robust cross-frame associator to connect moving objects in two frames with a large time gap.
Extensive experiments are conducted in 7 real datasets, with 7 baselines and a comprehensive query set, including selection, aggregation and top-k queries. The results show that with comparable query accuracy to OTIF, our LEAP can reduce the number of processed video frames by up to 9× and achieve 5× speedup in query processing time. Moreover, LEAP demonstrates impressive throughput when handling large-scale video streams, as it leverages a single NVIDIA RTX 3090ti GPU to support real-time MOT-based view materialization from 160 video streams simultaneously.
In-Database Data Imputation
Authors: Perini Massimo , Nikolic Milos 
Published: March 2024

Missing data is a widespread problem in many domains, creating challenges in data analysis and decision making. Traditional techniques for dealing with missing data, such as excluding incomplete records or imputing simple estimates (e.g., mean), are computationally efficient but may introduce bias and disrupt variable relationships, leading to inaccurate analyses. Model-based imputation techniques offer a more robust solution that preserves the variability and relationships in the data, but they demand significantly more computation time, limiting their applicability to small datasets.This work enables efficient, high-quality, and scalable data imputation within a database system using the widely used MICE method. We adapt this method to exploit computation sharing and a ring abstraction for faster model training. To impute both continuous and categorical values, we develop techniques for in-database learning of stochastic linear regression and Gaussian discriminant analysis models. Our MICE implementations in PostgreSQL and DuckDB outperform alternative MICE implementations and model-based imputation techniques by up to two orders of magnitude in terms of computation time, while maintaining high imputation quality.
Hypertension and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Pooled Analysis in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2)
Authors: Habeshian Talar S. , Peeri Noah C. , De Vivo Immaculata , Schouten Leo J. , Shu Xiao-ou , Cote Michele L. , Bertrand Kimberly A. , Chen Yu , Clarke Megan A. , Clendenen Tess V. , Cook Linda S. , Costas Laura , Dal Maso Luigino , Freudenheim Jo L. , Friedenreich Christine M. , Gallagher Grace , Gierach Gretchen L. , Goodman Marc T. , Jordan Susan J. , La Vecchia Carlo , Lacey James V. , Levi Fabio , Liao Linda M. , Lipworth Loren , Lu Lingeng , Matias-Guiu Xavier , Moysich Kirsten B. , Mutter George L. , Na Renhua , Naduparambil Jeffin , Negri Eva , O'Connell Kelli , O'Mara Tracy A. , Onieva Hernández Irene , Palmer Julie R. , Parazzini Fabio , Patel Alpa V. , Penney Kathryn L. , Prizment Anna E. , Ricceri Fulvio , Risch Harvey A. , Sacerdote Carlotta , Sandin Sven , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael Z. , van den Brandt Piet A. , Webb Penelope M. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Wijayabahu Akemi T. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Xu Wanghong , Yu Herbert , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne , Zheng Wei , Du Mengmeng , Setiawan Veronica Wendy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
The incidence rates of endometrial cancer are increasing, which may partly be explained by the rising prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for endometrial cancer. Hypertension, another component of metabolic syndrome, is also increasing in prevalence, and emerging evidence suggests that it may be associated with the development of certain cancers. The role of hypertension independent of other components of metabolic syndrome in the etiology of endometrial cancer remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated hypertension as an independent risk factor for endometrial cancer and whether this association is modified by other established risk factors.

Methods:
We included 15,631 endometrial cancer cases and 42,239 controls matched on age, race, and study-specific factors from 29 studies in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium. We used multivariable unconditional logistic regression models to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the association between hypertension and endometrial cancer and whether this association differed by study design, race/ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes status, smoking status, or reproductive factors.

Results:
Hypertension was associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09–1.19). There was significant heterogeneity by study design (Phet &lt; 0.01), with a stronger magnitude of association observed among case–control versus cohort studies. Stronger associations were also noted for pre-/perimenopausal women and never users of postmenopausal hormone therapy.

Conclusions:
Hypertension is associated with endometrial cancer risk independently from known risk factors. Future research should focus on biologic mechanisms underlying this association.

Impact:
This study provides evidence that hypertension may be an independent risk factor for endometrial cancer.
Unlocking the Pancreatic Cancer Puzzle: Using Intermediate Cells to Target Treatment
Authors: Faraoni Erika Y. , McAllister Florencia 
Published: March 2024

SummaryKRT17-high intermediate cell population with elevated CXCL8 expression informed elevated myeloid infiltration status in tumors and associated with protumorigenic signatures in peripheral granulocytes from patients with pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, CXCL8 plasma levels were found to resemble KRT17+/CXCL8+ abundance in tumors, in which higher levels predicted worse patient outcomes.See related article by Carpenter et al., p. 2497
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pham Yen Thi-Hai , Jin Aizhen , Wang Renwei , Behari Jaideep , Koh Woon-Puay , Yuan Jian-Min , Luu Hung N. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Limited data are reported on the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score, a comprehensive measure of dietary pattern according to sources of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated this score with HCC risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort of 63,275 middle-aged and elderly Chinese living in Singapore and recruited during 1993–1998 period. LCD scores were derived from the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline. A nested case–control study involved 197 HCC cases and 465 controls was also constructed among 28,346 participants who provided blood samples. Cox proportional hazard regression method was used to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for HCC with different levels of LCD scores. Conditional logistic regression was performed for the case–control study analysis. After 17.6 years of follow-up with 819,573 person-years, 561 participants developed primary HCC. Although there was a null association between total LCD score and HCC risk (HRper-SD increment = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.98–1.16; Ptrend = 0.06), there was a positive association between animal-based LCD and the risk of HCC (HRper-SD increment = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02–1.21; Ptrend = 0.01). Furthermore, this association was present in both HBsAg-negative and HBsAg-positive individuals in the case–control study. In stratified analysis for the entire cohort, this positive association was only present in those who consumed alcoholic beverages monthly or less frequent but not in weekly or daily drinker (Pinteraction = 0.79). In summary, a diet with lower carbohydrate, higher animal fat and protein was significantly associated with higher risk of HCC among Chinese Singaporeans.

Prevention Relevance:
In a large cohort study of more than 63,000 Chinese Singaporeans, we found that a diet with lower carbohydrate and higher animal fat and protein was associated with increased risk of HCC, suggesting that dietary modification could be an effective strategy in primary prevention to reduce the HCC burden.