bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive and critical review of dental implant placement in diabetic animals and patients
Authors: Kotsovilis Sotirios , Karoussis Ioannis K. , Fourmousis Ioannis 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives: A thorough and exhaustive analysis of the available studies concerning placement of endosseous dental implants in diabetic subjects has not been previously published. The aim of the present study was to perform a comprehensive and critical review of experimental and clinical studies published in the international peer‐reviewed literature in the English language regarding endosseous implant installation in diabetic subjects and to draw evidence‐based conclusions on the effectiveness and predictability of dental implant therapy in diabetic patients.Material and methods: Literature search for articles published up to and including March 2005 in the English language was performed with a personal computer (PC) using The National Library Of Medicine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and Cochrane Oral Health Group databases. Search strategy included a specific series of terms and key words. The reference lists of identified publications, relevant texts and previous workshops were also scanned. Data sources also included several hand‐searched journals and contact with experts, when it was considered appropriate. Search was conducted independently by the three reviewers (S. K., I. K. K., I. F.). At the first phase of selection the titles and abstracts and at the second phase full papers were screened independently by the three reviewers. Disagreement regarding inclusion of full papers was resolved by discussion among the reviewers.Results: The search provided 227 potentially relevant titles and abstracts. At the first phase of evaluation, 199 publications were rejected based on title and abstract. At the second phase, the full text of the remaining 28 publications was retrieved for more detailed evaluation. These publications included 11 experimental studies and 16 clinical studies (one clinical study corresponded to two publications). Finally, 11 experimental and eight clinical studies were accepted. Clinical studies included four prospective and four retrospective studies. Because of the limited number of available studies and their heterogeneity, focusing on a specific predefined question to be answered by a systematic review was not feasible and therefore no meta‐analysis was planned.Conclusion: Within the limits of the existing investigations, experimental studies seem to reveal an impaired bone healing response to implant placement in diabetic animals compared with non‐diabetic controls, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The majority of clinical studies tend to indicate that diabetes is no contraindication for implant placement, on condition that it remains under metabolic control. However, definitive guidelines with objective criteria, such as type and duration of diabetes and glucosylated hemoglobin levels, need to be established in the future.
Zirconia‐implant‐supported all‐ceramic crowns withstand long‐term load: a pilot investigation
Authors: Kohal Ralf‐J. , Klaus Gerold , Strub Jörg R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this pilot investigation was to test whether zirconia implants restored with different all‐ceramic crowns would fulfill the biomechanical requirements for clinical use. Therefore, all‐ceramic Empress®‐1 and Procera® crowns were cemented on zirconia implants and exposed to the artificial mouth. Afterwards, the fracture strength of the all‐ceramic implant–crown systems was evaluated. Conventional titanium implants restored with porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal (PFM) crowns served as controls.Material and methods: Sixteen titanium implants with 16 PFM crowns and 32 zirconia implants with 16 Empress®‐1 crowns and 16 Procera® crowns each—i.e., three implant–crown groups—were used in this investigation. The titanium implants were fabricated using the ReImplant® system and the zirconia implants using the Celay® system. The upper left central incisor served as a model for the fabrication of the implants and the crowns. Eight samples of each group were submitted to a long‐term load test in the artificial mouth (1.2 million chewing cycles). Subsequently, a fracture strength test was performed with seven of the eight crowns. The remaining eight samples of each group were not submitted to the long‐term load in the artificial mouth but were fracture‐tested immediately. One loaded and one unloaded sample of each group were evaluated regarding the marginal fit of the crowns.Results: All test samples survived the exposure to the artificial mouth. Three Empress®‐1 crowns showed cracks in the area of the loading steatite ball. The values for the fracture load in the titanium implant–PFM crown group without artificial loading ranged between 420 and 610 N (mean: 531.4 N), between 460 and 570 N (mean: 512.9 N) in the Empress®‐1 crown group, and in the Procera® crown group the values were between 475 and 700 N (mean: 575.7 N) when not loaded artificially. The results when the specimens were loaded artificially with 1.2 million cycles were as follows: the titanium implant–PFM crowns fractured between 440 and 950 N (mean: 668.6 N), the Empress®‐1 crowns between 290 and 550 N (mean: 410.7 N), and the Procera® crowns between 450 and 725 N (mean: 555.5 N). No statistically significant differences could be found among the groups without artificial load. The fracture values for the PFM and the Procera® crowns after artificial loading were statistically significantly higher than that for the loaded Empress®‐1 crowns. There was no significant difference between the PFM crown group and the Procera® group.Conclusions: Within the limits of this pilot investigation, it seems that zirconia implants restored with the Procera® crowns possibly fulfill the biomechanical requirements for anterior teeth. However, further investigations with larger sample sizes have to confirm these preliminary results. As three Empress®‐1 crowns showed crack development in the loading area of the steatite balls in the artificial mouth, their clinical use on zirconia implants has to be questioned.
MPL515 mutations in myeloproliferative and other myeloid disorders: a study of 1182 patients
Authors: Pardanani Animesh D. , Levine Ross L. , Lasho Terra , Pikman Yana , Mesa Ruben A. , Wadleigh Martha , Steensma David P. , Elliott Michelle A. , Wolanskyj Alexandra P. , Hogan William J. , McClure Rebecca F. , Litzow Mark R. , Gilliland D. Gary , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Recently, a gain-of-function MPL mutation, MPLW515L, was described in patients with JAK2V617F-negative myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM). To gain more information on mutational frequency, disease specificity, and clinical correlates, genomic DNA from 1182 patients with myeloproliferative and other myeloid disorders and 64 healthy controls was screened for MPL515 mutations, regardless of JAK2V617F mutational status: 290 with MMM, 242 with polycythemia vera, 318 with essential thrombocythemia (ET), 88 with myelodysplastic syndrome, 118 with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and 126 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MPL515 mutations, either MPLW515L (n = 17) or a previously undescribed MPLW515K (n = 5), were detected in 20 patients. The diagnosis of patients with mutant MPL alleles at the time of molecular testing was de novo MMM in 12 patients, ET in 4, post-ET MMM in 1, and MMM in blast crisis in 3. Six patients carried the MPLW515L and JAK2V617F alleles concurrently. We conclude that MPLW515L or MPLW515K mutations are present in patients with MMM or ET at a frequency of approximately 5% and 1%, respectively, but are not observed in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) or other myeloid disorders. Furthermore, MPL mutations may occur concurrently with the JAK2V617F mutation, suggesting that these alleles may have functional complementation in myeloproliferative disease.
Genetic variability in the precore and core promoter regions of hepatitis B virus strains in Karachi
Authors: Abbas Zaigham , Muzaffar Rana , Siddiqui Arif , Naqvi Syed Ali Anwar , Rizvi Syed Adibul Hassan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes have distinct geographic distribution. Moreover, much genetic variability has been described in the precore (PC) and basal core promoter (BCP) regions of the HBV genome. The local prevalence of HBV genotypes and mutations has not been well studied. The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of HBV genotypes and mutations in the PC and BCP region in HBV strains in Karachi.

Methods
A total of 109 chronic hepatitis B patients with detectable HBV DNA by a PCR assay were enrolled in the study. Sera were tested for HBeAg, anti-HBe antibody and liver profile. HBV genotypes and mutations in the PC and BCP regions were detected by INNO-LiPA line-probe assays.

Results
Of the 109 patients investigated, 38 (35%) were HBeAg positive while 71 (65%) were HBeAg negative. Genotype D was present in 100% of the patients. Two patients had co-infection with genotype A. There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics, mean ALT levels, and presence of clinical cirrhosis in patients with HBeAg positive or negative strains with or without PC and BCP mutations. Of the 38 HBeAg positive patients, 9 (24%) had PC and BCP mutations. In the HBeAg negative patient group, mutations were detected in 44 (62%) of the strains investigated. More than one mutation was common, seen in 26 (37%) patients with HBeAg negative disease and 6 (16%) patients with HBeAg positive disease. Twelve (17%) HBeAg negative patients had dual T1762 and A1764 mutations. None of the HBeAg positive patients had T1762 mutation. Mutations were undetectable in 27 (38%) of patients with HBeAg negative disease.

Conclusion
Our study shows that type D is the main HBV genotype in Karachi, Pakistan. Significant numbers of patients infected with this genotype have PC and BCP variants. Mutations at more than one site are common. Patients harboring these mutants do not differ significantly in their clinical presentation from patients having wild type infection.
Porcine congenital splayleg is characterised by muscle fibre atrophy associated with relative rise in MAFbx and fall in P311expression
Authors: Ooi Peck-Toung , da Costa Nuno , Edgar Julia , Chang Kin-Chow 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Porcine congenital splayleg (PCS) is the most important congenital condition of piglets, associated with lameness and immobility, of unknown aetiology and pathogenesis, hence the need to better understand the condition by defining, in the first instance, its histopathology and molecular pathology.

Results

Semitendinosus, longissimus dorsi, and gastrocnemius muscles were removed from 4 sets of 2-day-old splayleg piglets, each with a corresponding normal litter mate. Based on immunohistochemistry and histological image analysis, PCS piglets showed significantly smaller fibre size without any accompanying sign of inflammation. Although there was no dramatic change in fibre type composition in affected muscles, several structural myosin heavy chain genes were significantly down-regulated. MAFbx, a major atrophy marker, was highly up-regulated in nearly all PCS muscles, in comparison with controls from normal litter mates. In contrast, P311, a novel 8 kDa protein, was relatively down-regulated in all the PCS muscles. To investigate a functional role of P311 in skeletal muscle, its full-length cDNA was over-expressed in murine C2C12 muscle cells, which resulted in enhanced cell proliferation with reduced myotube formation. Hence, reduced P311 expression in PCS piglets might contribute to atrophy through reduced muscle cell proliferation. P311, predictably, was down-regulated by the over-expression of calcineurin, a key signalling factor of muscle differentiation.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that PCS is a condition characterised by extensive fibre atrophy and raised fibre density, and propose that the combined differential expression of MAFbx and P311 is of potential in the diagnosis of subclinical PCS.
The cnidarian-bilaterian ancestor possessed at least 56 homeoboxes: evidence from the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Ryan Joseph F , Burton Patrick M , Mazza Maureen E , Kwong Grace K , Mullikin James C , Finnerty John R 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Background
Homeodomain transcription factors are key components in the developmental toolkits of animals. While this gene superclass predates the evolutionary split between animals, plants, and fungi, many homeobox genes appear unique to animals. The origin of particular homeobox genes may, therefore, be associated with the evolution of particular animal traits. Here we report the first near-complete set of homeodomains from a basal (diploblastic) animal.

Results
Phylogenetic analyses were performed on 130 homeodomains from the sequenced genome of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis along with 228 homeodomains from human and 97 homeodomains from Drosophila. The Nematostella homeodomains appear to be distributed among established homeodomain classes in the following fashion: 72 ANTP class; one HNF class; four LIM class; five POU class; 33 PRD class; five SINE class; and six TALE class. For four of the Nematostella homeodomains, there is disagreement between neighbor-joining and Bayesian trees regarding their class membership. A putative Nematostella CUT class gene is also identified.

Conclusion
The homeodomain superclass underwent extensive radiations prior to the evolutionary split between Cnidaria and Bilateria. Fifty-six homeodomain families found in human and/or fruit fly are also found in Nematostella, though seventeen families shared by human and fly appear absent in Nematostella. Homeodomain loss is also apparent in the bilaterian taxa: eight homeodomain families shared by Drosophila and Nematostella appear absent from human (CG13424, EMXLX, HOMEOBRAIN, MSXLX, NK7, REPO, ROUGH, and UNC4), and six homeodomain families shared by human and Nematostella appear absent from fruit fly (ALX, DMBX, DUX, HNF, POU1, and VAX).
Synthetic Studies of Rifamycins. VIII. An Improved Practical Synthesis of the Ansa-chain Compounds for the Rifamycin W Synthesis
Authors: Nakata Masaya , Toshima Kazunobu , Kai Toshiyuki , Kinoshita Mitsuhiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The improved practical synthesis of 6,8,10-tri-O-acetyl-3-C-(acetoxymethyl)-3,5,7,9,11-pentadeoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5,7,9,11-tetra-C-methyl-l-erythro-d-altro-β-l-talo-dodecodialdofuranose-(1,4) 12-(diethyl acetal) (3), a useful synthetic segment for the rifamycin W ansa-chain, is described. The key intermediate, 3-O-benzyl-2,4,7-trideoxy-5,6-O-isopropylidene-2,4-di-C-methyl-aldehydo-d-allo-heptose (22), was synthesized in a 29.4% yield from methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-3-deoxy-3-C-methyl-α-d-altropyranoside (8) in 15 steps. The coupling of 22 with the lithium reagent prepared from butyllithium and 3-C-(benzyloxymethyl)-3,5,6-trideoxy-5-iodo-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-ribo-5-hexenofuranose afforded only the “Cram” product 24 in a 61% yield. The homogeneous hydrogenation of 24 with [RhCl(Ph3P)3] gave 8-O-benzyl-3-C-(benzyloxymethyl)-3,5,7,9,12-pentadeoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-5,7,9-tri-C-methyl-d-erythro-d-altro-l-talo-dodecofuranose-(1,4) (25) and its C-5 epimer in 95 and 3.8% yields respectively. 6,8-Di-O-benzyl-3-C-(benzyloxymethyl)-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5,7,9-tri-C-methyl-d-altro-β-l-talo-decodialdofuranose-(1,4), derived from 25 in a 91% yield, was subjected to coupling with 3,3-diethoxy-2-lithio-1-propene to afford about 1.7:1 excess of the “Cram” product (30, 59% yield). The conversion of 30 into 3 was accomplished by the sequence of reactions involving homogeneous hydrogenation, debenzylation, and acetylation in a 75% yield. The 24-step synthesis of 3 from 8 was achieved in a 7% overall yield.
X-Ray Fluorescence Study of Manganese Compounds at Stoichiometric Compositions
Authors: Ghodsi M , Duvigneaud P H , Glade G 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Manganese oxides and other inorganic compounds were studied by electron induced X-ray fluorescence. Mn Lα energy shifts were measured with respect to pure manganese Lα maximum. Those shifts were shown to be a smooth function of manganese partial charge if the latter is calculated from Sanderson’s electronegativity scale. The results are in good agreement with Yokokawa’s previous work on oxides.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Interaction of Iminodiacetate with cis-Tetraamminediaquacobalt(III) Ion in Acidic Media
Authors: Bhattacharya Prabir , Banerjee Pradyot 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Kinetics of the reaction of iminodiacetate (Hida−) with cis-tetraamminediaquacobalt(III) have been studied spectrophotometrically at pH 3.0–4.15, [iminodiacetate]T=0.03–0.4. mol dm−3, I=0.5 mol dm−3 (NaClO4), in the temperature range 30–50 °C. The reaction is governed by the rate law:
rate={k−1+k1[iminodiacetate]T}[complex],
where k−1 and k1 denote the reverse aquation and anation rate constants respectively. At 40 °C the k−1 values increase with pH and show a limiting tendency at pH≈4. The pH-anation rate profile indicates no reaction at pH&lt;1.5 and in the range 3.5–3.9, k1 remains constant. The pH dependence on rate is expressed as k1=kAKAH/([H+]+KAH), where kA is the anation rate arising from the aqua complex ion and Hida− species and KAH, the dissociation constant for the iminodiacetic acid. The value of kA at 40 °C=(5±0.02)×10−5 mol−1 dm3 s−1. The activation parameters, ΔH\eweq and ΔS\eweq for the anation step are 170±2 kJ mol−1 and 239±3 JK−1mol−1. The reaction is believed to operate through the initial complexation at the carboxylate end followed by a fast intramolecular proton transfer with simultaneous ring closure to form a chelated product. The complexation probably takes place through a dissociative interchange (Id) mechanism.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Ce(IV) Oxidation of Free and Coordinated Glyoxylic Acid
Authors: Mohanty Nirod Kumar , Nanda Rabindra Kumar 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetics and mechanism of Ce(IV) oxidation of glyoxylic acid and pentaammineglyoxylatocobalt(III) perchlorate have been investigated in acidic sulfate media in the temperature range 35 to 50 °C and at ionic strength 0.95 M. The rate of decrease of [Ce(IV)] was found to be first order in [substrate] and [Ce(IV)]. The observed second order rate constant, kobsd for the disappearance of [Ce(IV)] is satisfactorily given by,
k obsd=\frack1+k2K3[HSO4−]⁄[H+]1+K3[HSO4−]⁄[H+] (for glyoxylato complex)
and
k obsd=\frack11+K3[HSO4−]⁄H+] (for glyoxylic acid)
Both Ce(SO4)2 and [Ce(SO4)3]2− appear to be the oxidant species for coordinated glyoxylate while for free glyoxylic acid Ce(SO4)2 seems to be the only oxidant species. The values of k1 and k2 and the associated activation parameters have been computed. A suitable mechanism has been suggested for the reaction.
Substituent Effects on Cation-extraction and Transport Properties of a Series of 4′-Substituted Benzo-15-Crown-5 Derivatives
Authors: Tsukube Hiroshi , Takagi Kentaro , Higashiyama Tatsuo , Iwachido Tadashi , Hayama Naomi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The substituent effects on chemical functions of benzo-15-crown-5 derivatives were found to be considerably large and often comparable to the ring-size effects. For example, 4′-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 transported K+ ion 14-times faster than 4′-nitrobenzo-15-crown-5, while 4′-nitrobenzo-18-crown-6 showed 12-times higher transport rate than 4′-nitrobenzo-15-crown-5.
Effect of the Electron Correlational Screening upon the Calculated Transition Energies of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Hirano Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new formalism for two-center repulsion Γμν, including a correlational screening factor, is presented. As a criterion of the screening strength, a parameter ρ (defined by Eq. 13) was introduced. Using Γμν and ρ, transition energy calculations were performed for aromatic hydrocarbons based on the P.P.P scheme. Calculated transition energies decreases as ρ increases. Adjusting ρ, we can obtain correct values of the transition energies. That optimal ρ values extend over the region 0.3–0.5 indicates the extent of that electron correlation is intermediate. The screening caused by the Ohono–Klopman and Nishimoto-Mataga formulae is very close to that by Γμν’s whose ρ values are 0.2 and 0.6. A linear relationship was found between ρ and n, the number-density of π electrons. Making use of it, a trial calculation of the anthracece transition energies was made and obtained results were quite acceptable.
ESR and Mass-Spectrometric Studies of Methanol Combustion. I. The Correlation between Labile and Stable Chemical Entities in Free-Burning Methanol–Air Flames under Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Taniguchi Masayuki , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The concentration profiles of labile (H, O, and OH) and stable chemical entities (CH3OH, O2, CH2O, H2, H2O, and CO2) in premixed methanol–air flames under atmospheric pressure have been studied by the probesampling-ESR method combined with mass-spectrometric detection. The concentrations of the labile intermediates have been determined by correcting their destruction in the sampling probe caused by gas-phase reactions, wall reactions, and reactions at the pinhole of the probe. The observed profiles are in good agreement with the numerical model developed previously by Westbrook and Dryer, except that the concentration changes in all the entities are quicker than expected. The dependence of the maximum concentrations of the labile intermediates on the composition of the premixed gas is essentially the same as that observed for the methanol–air flames at low pressure.
The Crystal and Molecular Structures of 2,4,4,6-Tetraphenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine and 4-Benzyl-1-methyl-2,4,6-triphenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine
Authors: Iwasaki Fujiko , Watanabe Toshiya , Maeda Koko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structures of 2,4,4,6-Tetraphenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine (1) and 4-benzyl-1-methyl-2,4,6-triphenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine (2) have been determined by the X-ray method. The crystals of 1 are monoclinic, P21⁄a, a=12.883(1), b=12.953(1), c=12.575(1) Å, β=94.95(1)°, V=2090.7(2)Å3, Z=4, Dx=1.225 Mg m−3. 2 is triclinic P\bar1, a=7.786(1), b=14.324(1), c=10.759(1) Å, α=90.51(1), β=106.89(1), γ=92.02(1)°, V=1147.2(2)Å3, Z=2, Dx=1.196 Mg m−3. The final R values are 0.037 and 0.044 for 1 and 2, respectively. The 1,4-dihydropyridine ring of 1 is a flat twisted boat, while that of 2 has a boat conformation with the apexes at N(1) and C(4). For 1 the dihedral angles of the phenyl rings and the plane of four C atoms, C(2), C(3), C(5), and C(6), of the pyridine ring are 46.6, 106.4, 62.3, and 30.5° for 2-, 4-, 4-, and 6-phenyl rings, respectively. The corresponding angles of 2 are 30.4, 50.2, and 39.1° for 2-, 4-, and 6-phenyl rings. The phenyl ring of benzyl group covers to the pyridine ring making the dihedral angle between these planes of 133.7°. The bond between C(4) and the methylene carbon is 1.576 Å, which is longer than the normal Csp2–Csp3 length.