bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women dermatologists and the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (SADV)
Authors: Guerra A , Rodríguez‐Cerdeira M del Carmen , González‐Guerra E 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTBasis  The Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (SADV) consists of a large majority of Spanish dermatologists. Their track record and history can be considered as parallel to that of female dermatologists. The aim of this study is to determine the role of women in the SADV throughout its history, both in terms of their involvement and their positions of responsibility.Materials and methods  To obtain data, we consulted the SADV archives from the year of its foundation until 2001. We also consulted other Spanish medical societies, receiving responses from three of them.Results  Until 1964, no woman had ever become a member of the SADV. Since then, the percentage began to increase slowly (5.5% in 1975). Over the last decade, their involvement has increased rapidly, reaching 41.34% in 2001. During this time, only 11 women have held positions on the Board of Directors, and in all cases in nonpresidential positions. The percentage of women in paediatrics, ophthalmology and pathologic anatomy is similar.Conclusions  During this time, the number of female dermatologists in the SADV has gradually increased. This increase is, nonetheless, not uniform, with the greatest growth being seen during the last decade. Women in positions of responsibility have been scarce and, to date, there has been no female national president. These results coincide with statistics revealed in other areas of the medical society.
Melanoma associated with subacute primitive fibrinolysis
Authors: Blaise S , Rumeau‐Trividic M , Le Brun V , Bedane C , Bonnetblanc JM 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground  Surgery is the first treatment of a pigmented skin lesion when a melanoma is suspected. This excision is most of the time realized by the dermatologist as well as the second time surgery. Bleeding at the surgical site may have numerous aetiologies. Fibrinolysis is a rare but dramatic event.Case report  We report a case with delayed bleeding after excision of a melanoma. The patient was re‐operated and a major haemorrhage followed so that a transfusion of blood and fresh frozen plasma was necessary. The biological investigations concluded to a subacute primitive fibrinolysis associated with the melanoma. The patient was first considered to have completely recovered when a blood‐borne liver metastasis diffusion rapidly occurred. The patient deceased within a few months from a hepatic encephalopathy with hepatic metastases.Discussion  We find only a few published cases of melanoma with fibrinolysis. Its association with other abnormalities, like a partial factor XIII deficiency, made these abnormalities even more difficult to identify. The relation between the subacute fibrinolysis, the melanoma and the liver infiltrative metastasis is difficult to establish.
Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a survey in 16 patients
Authors: Moreno‐Ramírez D , Camacho Martínez F 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTBackground  Postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia (PFFA) was described by Kossard et al. as a progressive recession of the frontal hairline affecting particularly postmenopausal women. Further cases of PFFA have been reported to date, all of them considering it as a variant of lichen planopilaris on the basis of its clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features.Objective  To describe clinical features, and response to treatment of 16 cases of frontal fibrosing alopecia diagnosed at our department in the last 6 years.Methods  In addition to clinical data, biopsies and laboratory tests (antinuclear antibodies, sex hormones, thyroid hormones) were performed in order to rule out other causes of scarring alopecia. Patients were treated with intralesional corticosteroids, finasteride, and minoxidil, depending on the stage of the disease and association to androgenetic alopecia.Results  All patients presented progressive alopecia localized to the frontal and temporal hairlines. Eight patients (50%) had loss of eyebrows, and six patients (37.5%) had axillar alopecia. Ages ranged from 45 to 79. Three of these women were premenopausal. Androgenetic alopecia was evident in seven patients (43.8%). All patients biopsied showed perifollicular lymphocitic infiltrate with lamelar fibrosis limited to the upper portions of the follicle. The progression of the condition stopped in most patients after a variable period on treatment. When treatment was abandoned the alopecia progressed to ‘clown alopecia’ appearance.Discussion  Cases of Kossard's type scarring alopecia affecting premenopausal women made us consider that this condition is not exclusive of postmenopausal women. Differential diagnosis should take into account conditions like female androgenetic alopecia, fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution, alopecia areata, and chronic lupus erythematosus. Except for the pattern of alopecia, lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia are indistinguishable, thus the latter is included as a variant of lichen planopilaris. Although the disease tends to spontaneous stabilization, intralesional and topical corticosteroids, and anti‐androgens may stop the progression of the disease and improve the female androgenetic alopecia that usually is associated to FFA.
Giant cutaneous rhinosporidiosis
Authors: Ghorpade A 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA young male with a single, huge subcutaneous lesion of rhinosporidiosis is reported. The diagnosis was suggested by the presence of nasal rhinosporidiosis and confirmed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the skin lesion. This is the second report of giant skin lesions in rhinosporidiosis, from our department.
Naevus comedonicus of the scalp
Authors: Ghaninezhad H , Ehsani AH , Mansoori P , Taheri A 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe report the case of a 3‐year‐old boy with naevus comedonicus, characterized by confluent clusters of dilated follicular orifices plugged with keratinous material that resemble open comedones, located on the scalp.
The Meaning and Value of Home‐Based Craft
Authors: Mason Rachel 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMy interest in craft‐based activity in the home was aroused by research I carried out for the Crafts Council in the mid 1990s, which found that craft education in secondary schools was in serious decline. Paradoxically interest in amateur crafts was increasing and many teenagers claimed to be ‘making things’ at home. At the present time, culture and life‐long learning are priorities on the British government's agenda and craft‐based projects are being used in community, family and health education schemes targeted, for example, at quality of life enhancement, improving participation in schools and neighbourhood regeneration. However the majority of such schemes operate with a narrow conception of the nature and scope of craft and ignore how it is learned and practised in everyday life. This article reports the findings of a review of literature about social and emotional benefits of participation in home‐based crafts and argues this is a neglected area of art and design education theory and practice meriting increased attention and research.
School Art — What's in it?
Authors: Downing Dick 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn 2003/4 NFER undertook a study of the content of the art curriculum in secondary schools in England on behalf of the Arts Council England (ACE) and Tate Galleries [1]. In 18 schools, eight of which were identified as engaged with contemporary art practice (referred to throughout the article as the CAP schools), 54 art teachers were asked to describe the content of their most recently completed art module. ‘Content’ was taken as: the media and materials in which pupils worked; the artistic and cultural references used to support the teaching; the skills taught; and the thinking processes used. They were also questioned about the factors that influenced their choice of curriculum content and the aims that guided their choice of content. Most of the teachers (excluding the heads of department) were asked which of a set of six art images they would include in their teaching, and the reasons for their decisions. Teachers in the CAP schools were also asked to explain why they chose to include contemporary art. The findings revealed substantial differences between the two cohorts of schools, not all of which were related to the inclusion of contemporary art practice. A preoccupation with the teaching of skills was more apparent in the randomly selected schools, which also drew very heavily on the early twentieth century for their artistic references. Unsurprisingly, the CAP schools drew heavily on contemporary references, but included many from other periods, cited twice as many references overall, and had a generally more eclectic view of the purposes of teaching art.
Developing Multicultural Awareness through Designs Based on Family Cultural Heritage: Application, Impact and Implications
Authors: Clemons Stephanie 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe United States has grown increasingly diverse in its social and cultural composition. Higher education institutions in the USA have actively encouraged multicultural infusion both in curriculum development and campus activities. This article discusses a higher education multicultural design project that was based on students' research and documentation of four generations of personal family history. By understanding aspects of personal heritage, self‐awareness of bias and prejudice can be more easily understood thereby offering opportunity for maturity through appreciation and acceptance of others. The impact of the personal history design project on students will be described as well as application of the project in the K—12 environment. Implications for K—12 teachers will also be discussed.
Thinking about Art: Could Elementary Textbooks Serve as Models of Practice to Help New Teachers and Non‐Specialists Support Reasoning in Art?
Authors: Newton Lynn D. , Newton Douglas P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSome primary school teachers may neglect reasoning about art. Models of practice can exemplify classroom teaching and, to some extent, a textbook for children can be seen as a model of practice. Can those in art serve as models of practice and help teachers foster reasoning? This study examined 19 art textbooks intended for use by Key Stage 2 children (7–11 years old) to see to what extent they might direct a teacher's attention to reasoning in art. Some gave no attention to reasoning but some were found to have the potential to do that, at least in connection with evaluating the art of others. In this respect, they might serve as models of practice. Nevertheless, the teachers most likely to benefit from such models may not recognise a good one, be proficient in using it productively, be able to develop thinking about the art of others further or extrapolate thinking to the child's own art. Consequently, knowing what counts in art education and using models of practice to good effect could be an important part of training courses.
Access and Support in the Development of a Visual Language: arts education and disabled students
Authors: Taylor Margaret 
Published: October 2005

AbstractOverall, little is known about the ways in which disabled children and young people produce artwork or how they are enabled to access the visual arts curriculum particularly when they have high level and complex support requirements. This article focuses on the Information Communication Technology (ICT) and practical assistance that enables disabled students to create art and design work. The article is based on my recent doctoral research which has analysed the arts education of a group of disabled young people post 16 and investigated the ways in which the arts curriculum can be made accessible [1]. ICT, in conjunction with effective practical assistance, can be refined and merged to create seamless access to the visual arts for disabled students and can play a key role not only in equipping them with the skills and competencies to gain qualifications and potential employment, but also as a ‘voice’ with which they can express their particular experiences of the human condition.
Gender difference and caregivers’ burden in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: TAKANO Maki , ARAI Heii 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground:  Caregiver burden is the stress experienced as a result of caregiving. Despite the increasing number of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients who are cared for at home, little has been published about the caregiver burden pertaining to caregivers of early‐onset AD patients. The objective of this study was to examine the difference between the genders with respect to the careburden of early‐onset AD caregivers.Methods:  Twenty‐four patients with early‐onset AD and their caregivers participated in this study. Dementia severity, caregiver's burden, depressive mood and behavioral disturbance were measured and examined.Results:  There was no significant difference between female and male caregivers in terms of careburden or depressive mood. However, when correlations were considered, female caregivers showed significant associations between careburden and the patient's age. Associations between the subscales of careburden were also shown for female caregivers. However. there was no significant correlation between the subscales of careburden and dementia severity and the number of behavioral problems for either female or male caregivers. Depression scores showed only correlations with the subscales of careburden for female caregivers.Conclusion:  The present study examined the difference between the genders with respect to the care burden experienced by caregivers of early‐onset AD patients. The results reinforce those of previous studies in that female caregivers are more likely to experience careburden than male caregivers. The present study indicates the importance of mental health support for female caregivers.
Is pharmacotherapy feasible for mild cognitive impairment?
Authors: SHIGETA Masahiro 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe feasibility of pharmacotherapy with cholinesterase inhibitors, which have been approved as the treatment agent for Alzheimer's disease (AD), for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is discussed together with the results of previous studies. The clinical trials of cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with early or mild AD are reviewed first, because some cases of MCI may be regarded as cases of very early‐stage AD or very mild AD. Clinical trials for MCI treatment are then analyzed, although only preliminary results of data analysis have been reported. In addition, the methodological issues in the clinical trials for MCI treatment are discussed. The author points out that there should be focus on the observation period of trials, patient inclusion and exclusion criteria and subtypes of MCI, and that the suitability of cognitive measurements need to be further discussed.
Perspectives on phantom boarder symptom
Authors: KASAHARA Hiroo , TSUMURA Maki , KADA Hirohide , HASHIDUME Toshihiko , ITO Tatsuhiko , OCHIAI Yusuke , HIRUMA Yohei , FURUKAWA Haruko , NAKANISHI Tatsuro 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPhantom boarder symptom (PBS) is a hallucinatory and delusional syndrome that tends to occur in the elderly, in which the patient imagines that someone uninvited is living in their home. This article provides an overview of the historical background that has led to the current focus on PBS as a single symptom, from its classification as late paraphrenia to its being recognized as a type of misidentification, and discusses classification problems and PBS subclassifications. In addition, the results of our own investigation of PBS, which focused on PBS in senile dementia, support the findings of previous studies, such as the absence of a relationship between dementia severity and the occurrence of delusion. The discussion therefore focuses on the psychosocial factors that serve as the mechanism of PBS onset, and directions and possibilities for therapy are suggested.
Equilibration and disequilibration between monazite and garnet: indication from phase‐composition and quantitative texture analysis
Authors: BERGER A. , SCHERRER N. C. , BUSSY F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe integration of information which can be gained from accessory [i.e. age (t)] and rock‐forming minerals [i.e. temperature (T) and pressure (P)] requires a more profound understanding of the equilibration kinetics during metamorphic processes. This paper presents an approach comparing conventional P–T estimate from equilibrated assemblages of rock‐forming minerals with temperature data derived from yttrium‐garnet‐monazite (YGM) and yttrium‐garnet‐xenotime (YGX) geothermometry. Such a comparison provides an initial indication on differences between equilibration of major and trace elements. Regarding this purpose, two migmatites, two polycyclic and one monocyclic gneiss from the Central Alps (Switzerland, northern Italy) were investigated. While the polycyclic samples exhibit trace‐element equilibration between monazite and garnet grains assigned to the same metamorphic event, there are relics of monazite and garnet obviously surviving independent of their textural position. These observations suggest that surface processes dominate transport processes during equilibration of those samples. The monocyclic gneiss, on the contrary, displays rare isolated monazite with equilibration of all elements, despite comparably large transport distances. With a nearly linear crystal‐size distribution of the garnet grain population, growth kinetics, related to the major elements, were likely surface‐controlled in this sample. In contrast to these completely equilibrated examples, the migmatites indicate disequilibrium between garnet and monazite with a change in REE patterns on garnet transects. The cause for this disequilibrium may be related to a potential disequilibrium initiated by a changing bulk chemistry during melt segregation. While migmatite environments are expected to support high transport rates (i.e. high temperatures and melt presence), the evolution of equilibration in migmatites is additionaly related to change in chemistry. As a key finding, surface‐controlled equilibration kinetics seem to dominate transport‐controlled processes in the investigated samples. This may be decisive information towards the understanding of age data derived from monazite.
Statistical Methods for the Analysis of Genetic Association Studies
Authors: Zou G. Y. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryThis paper applies a retrospective logistic regression model (Prentice, 1976) using a sandwich variance estimator (White, 1982;Zegeret al.1985) to genetic association studies in which alleles are treated as dependent variables. The validity of switching the positions of allele and trait variables in the regression model is ensured by the invariance property of the odds ratio. The approach is shown to be able to accommodate many commonly seen designs, matched or unmatched alike, having either binary or quantitative traits. The resultant score statistic has potentially higher power than those that have previously appeared in the genetics literature. As a regression model in general, this approach may also be applied to incorporate covariates. Numerical examples implemented with standard software are presented.
A Frequent Partial AZFc Deletion does not Render an Increased Risk of Spermatogenic Impairment in East Asians
Authors: Zhang F. , Li Z. , Wen B. , Jiang J. , Shao M. , Zhao Y. , He Y. , Song X. , Qian J. , Lu D. , Jin L. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryThe gene families in the AZFc region of the Y chromosome have been shown to be functionally important in human spermatogenesis. The gr/gr deletion, a partial AZFc deletion that reduces the copy numbers of all the AZFc gene families, was identified as a significant risk factor for spermatogenic impairment in Dutch, Spanish and Italians. However, the presence of this deletion in healthy French and Germans questioned its importance in male infertility. In this study, we have shown that the gr/gr deletion does not render an increased risk in Han Chinese. In fact, the gr/gr deletion is frequent (about 8%) in our survey of 886 East Asians from 8 ethnic groups. Furthermore, the DAZ1/DAZ2 deletion has been detected as the primary subtype of the gr/gr deletion in East Asians, though this doublet has been considered as crucial for normal spermatogenesis in Europeans. The different spermatogenic effects of various types of the partial AZFc deletion suggest that the functional difference between AZFc gene copies is a likely cause of inconsistent associations of the gr/gr deletion with spermatogenic impairment across populations.
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and other avian interleukin‐2 reveals significant conservation of gene organization, promoter elements and functional residues
Authors: Sreekumar E. , Premraj A. , Rasool T. J. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryWe compared the gene, promoter and cDNA sequences, and the predicted protein structure of duck and quail interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), a major immunomodulatory cytokine, with the known sequences of other avian and human IL‐2. Analysis of the gene organization showed significant similarity with the overall organization of mammalian IL‐2 genes, with four exons and three introns and a very short 5′ untranslated regions. The second intron was the biggest in all the IL‐2 sequences. The third intron was of similar size in chicken and quail, whereas in duck it was found to be slightly longer. Promoter sequence analysis of the IL‐2 gene revealed remarkable conservation of the functionally important residues. The transcription factor binding sites such as those for AP‐1, NF‐AT, CD 28 RE and OCT, the TATA box and the predicted transcription start site with respect to chicken IL‐2 sequence showed total conservation in duck, quail and turkey IL‐2 promoters. Comparative analysis of the avian IL‐2 cDNAs such as those of chicken, turkey, duck, quail, goose and Muscovy duck, revealed significant conservation of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences. They showed nucleotide identity levels varying from 75% to 85%, amino acid level identity from 58% to 72% and amino acid similarity from 71% to 80% with each other. In the predicted protein secondary structure, the four essential α‐helices and the hydrophobic amino acids in the heptad repeats forming the core structure of IL‐2 molecules were conserved in all the avian and the human IL‐2. The present study reveals high‐level conservation of the gene; cDNA structure and regulatory elements of avian IL‐2. This indicates highly conserved functions and probable functional cross‐reactivity of this major immunomodulatory cytokine among birds.
Novel polymorphism in the promoter region of the human nerve growth‐factor gene
Authors: Alam M. , Pravica V. , Fryer A. A. , Hawkins C. P. , Hutchinson I. V. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryWe describe a novel T to C transition at position −198 from the transcription start of the human nerve growth‐factor (NGF) gene. In British Caucasoid healthy control group that we have genotyped, T and C allele frequencies are 0.633 and 0.367, respectively. This polymorphism affects vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding to its motif in the NGF promoter.