bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Correlates of Modality-specific Spatial Extinction
Authors: Hillis Argye E. , Chang Shannon , Heidler-Gary Jennifer , Newhart Melissa , Kleinman Jonathan T. , Davis Cameron , Barker Peter B. , Aldrich Eric , Ken Lynda 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Sites of lesions responsible for visual, tactile, and/or motor extinction have not been clearly identified. We sought to determine the frequency of extinction in various modalities immediately after acute ischemic stroke, the rate of co-occurrence of extinction across modalities, and areas of infarct and/or hypoperfusion associated with each modality of extinction. A total of 148 patients with right supratentorial stroke were studied. In Study 1, 88 patients without hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, or visual field cuts were tested within 24 hours of onset for visual, tactile, and motor extinction, and underwent magnetic resonance diffusion and perfusion imaging. Associations between modality of extinction and areas of neural dysfunction (hypoperfusion/infarct) were identified. Of the 88 patients, 19 had only tactile extinction, 8 had only visual extinction, 12 had only motor extinction, 14 had extinction in two or more modalities, and 35 had no extinction. Tactile extinction was associated with neural dysfunction in the inferior parietal lobule; visual extinction was associated with dysfunction in the visual association cortex; and motor extinction was associated with neural dysfunction in the superior temporal gyrus. In Study 2, data from 60 patients who were excluded from Study 1 because of motor deficits were analyzed in the same way to determine whether frontal lesions contributed to visual or tactile extinction. Results again demonstrated that tactile extinction is associated with inferior parietal dysfunction, and visual extinction is associated with dysfunction of the visual association cortex. Potential accounts of the results, based on the “hemisphere rivalry” model of extinction and the limited attentional capacity model, are considered.
Studies on the decontamination of surfaces exposed to cytotoxic drugs in chemotherapy workstations
Authors: Roberts Sarah , Khammo Nancy , McDonnell Gerald , Sewell Graham J 
Published: October 2006

Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the removal and deactivation of cytotoxic contamination from surfaces of a pharmaceutical isolator workstation. Methods. Three marker cytotoxic drugs were evaluated in three phases using decontamination technologies currently available in the pharmaceutical and healthcare environments. Phase I investigated the physical removal of contamination by detergents. Phase II and III investigated the effectiveness of detergents and Vaporised Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP®) in degrading cytotoxic drugs, respectively. Results. 5-Flurouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide were removed from a surface by wiping with detergents. VHP® and alkaline detergents caused degradation of doxorubicin. The observed effect with detergent cleaning was pH dependent, but neither of the technologies applied had any effect on the chemical stability of 5-flurouracil and cyclophosphamide under the conditions tested.
The incidence of extravasation of vinca alkaloids supplied in syringes or mini-bags
Authors: Gilbar Peter J , Carrington Christine V 
Published: October 2006

Study objective. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence of vinca alkaloid extravasation following administration via syringes or mini-bags. Methods. An electronic survey was sent to pharmacy departments at hospitals throughout Australia. The survey was designed to collect data on the administration methods of vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine) and the corresponding documented incidence of extravasation. The questionnaire requested the following information: how the drugs were prepared for administration (syringe or mini-bag); volume of each product; number of items supplied; and the number of cases of extravasation reported for each product. Results. Questionnaires were sent to 228 hospital pharmacy departments in Australia. Sixty-eight questionnaires were received (29.8%), including responses from most major cancer centres. Data represented a range of 3 to 120 months (mean: 38 months) of clinical experience. The reported incidence of vincristine extravasation from syringes was 0.03% (11/37 084) and 0.041% (3/7255) with mini-bags. One case of vinblastine extravasation was reported with syringes 0.013% (1/7913), none from mini-bags (0/1421). Vinorelbine data were difficult to interpret as cases may represent phlebitis rather than extravasation. The reported incidence from vinorelbine syringes was 0.029% (2/6914) and 0.146% (8/5475) with mini-bags. Excluding vinorelbine data, the reported vinca alkaloid extravasation episodes from syringes (0.027%) and mini-bags (0.035%) were found to be similar and infrequent. Conclusion. The data suggest that vinca alkaloids can be given safely as low volume, short infusions via mini-bags. Policies and practices that ensure the same careful monitoring of infusional therapy as is recommended with administration by syringe may further reduce the incidence of untoward effects. Mini-bags should be used for the administration of vinca alkaloids and this practice will prevent the inadvertent intrathecal administration of vinca alkaloids via syringes.
Noninfectious papilloma virus–like particles inhibit HIV-1 replication: implications for immune control of HIV-1 infection by IL-27
Authors: Fakruddin J. Mohamad , Lempicki Richard A. , Gorelick Robert J. , Yang Jun , Adelsberger Joseph W. , Garcia-Pineres Alfonso J. , Pinto Ligia A. , Lane H. Clifford , Imamichi Tomozumi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHuman papilloma virus (HPV)–like particles (VLPs) have been used as a vaccine to prevent HPV infection. Recent studies demonstrate that VLPs bind to dendritic cells and induce the expression of antiviral cytokines such as interferon-α (IFN-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IFN-γ. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of VLPs on HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD4+ T cells, and macrophages. Here, we show that VLPs suppress the replication of both X4 and R5 HIV-1 without affecting the expression of CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5. Soluble factor(s) released by PBMCs and macrophages on VLPs treatment inhibited HIV-1 replication. To determine the inhibitory factors, DNA microarray analysis was performed using VLP-treated PBMCs and macrophages. VLPs induced the genes associated with IFN induction, immune responses, and antiviral responses, among with the recently described cytokine IL-27. Subsequently, IL-27 was found to be a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication in PBMCs, CD4+ T cells, and macrophages. Taken together, our studies identify a novel role of IL-27 in restricting HIV-1 replication and suggest that further examination of the inhibitory property of IL-27 may pave the way for a novel therapy for HIV-1 infection.
Differential epitope mapping of antibodies to PDC-E2 in patients with hematologic malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Bellucci Roberto , Oertelt Sabine , Gallagher Meagan , Li Sigui , Zorn Emmanuel , Weller Edie , Porcheray Fabrice , Alyea Edwin P. , Soiffer Robert J. , Munshi Nikhil C. , Gershwin M. Eric , Ritz Jerome 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA unique characteristic of the autoimmune liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is the presence of high-titer and extremely specific autoantibodies to the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2). Autoantibodies to PDC-E2 antigen have only been detected in patients with disease or in those who subsequently develop PBC. One exception has been a subgroup of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and received donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) after transplantation. These patients developed high-titer antibodies to a variety of myeloma-associated antigens, including PDC-E2, coincident with rejection of myeloma cells in vivo. To examine the specificity of autoantibodies to PDC in these patients, we screened sera from patients with MM, chronic leukemias, monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), PBC, and healthy donors. Three of 11 patients with MM (27%) and 2 of 6 patients with chronic leukemias (33%) developed anti–PDC-E2 antibodies in association with DLI response; 2 of 12 (17%) patients in the MGUS pretreatment control population also had detectable anti-PDC responses. Interestingly, the epitope specificity of these PDC-E2 autoantibodies was distinctive, suggesting that the mechanisms leading to loss of tolerance in the transplantation patients are distinct from PBC.
Identification of BMP9 and BMP10 as functional activators of the orphan activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) in endothelial cells
Authors: David Laurent , Mallet Christine , Mazerbourg Sabine , Feige Jean-Jacques , Bailly Sabine 
Published: October 2006

AbstractALK1 is an endothelial-specific type I receptor of the TGFβ receptor family whose heterozygous mutations cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2. Although TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 have been shown to bind ALK1 under specific experimental conditions, they may not represent the physiological ligands for this receptor. In the present study, we demonstrate that BMP9 induces the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 in microvascular endothelial cells, and this phosphorylation lasts over a period of 24 hours. BMP9 also activates the ID1 promoter–derived BMP response element (BRE) in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 45 ± 27 pg/mL), and this activation is abolished by silencing ALK1 expression or addition of ALK1 extracellular domain. Overexpression of endoglin increases the BMP9 response, whereas silencing of both BMPRII and ActRIIA expressions completely abolishes it. BMP10, which is structurally close to BMP9, is also a potent ALK1 ligand. Finally, we demonstrate that BMP9 and BMP10 potently inhibit endothelial cell migration and growth, and stimulate endothelial expression of a panel of genes that was previously reported to be activated by the constitutively active form of ALK1. Taken together, our results suggest that BMP9 and BMP10 are two specific ALK1 ligands that may physiologically trigger the effects of ALK1 on angiogenesis.
Genome-wide mapping of ORC and Mcm2p binding sites on tiling arrays and identification of essential ARS consensus sequences in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Xu Weihong , Aparicio Jennifer G , Aparicio Oscar M , Tavaré Simon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackgroundEukaryotic replication origins exhibit different initiation efficiencies and activation times within S-phase. Although local chromatin structure and function influences origin activity, the exact mechanisms remain poorly understood. A key to understanding the exact features of chromatin that impinge on replication origin function is to define the precise locations of the DNA sequences that control origin function. InS. cerevisiae, Autonomously Replicating Sequences (ARSs) contain a consensus sequence (ACS) that binds the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) and is essential for origin function. However, an ACS is not sufficient for origin function and the majority of ACS matches do not function as ORC binding sites, complicating the specific identification of these sites.ResultsTo identify essential origin sequences genome-wide, we utilized a tiled oligonucleotide array (NimbleGen) to map the ORC and Mcm2p binding sites at high resolution. These binding sites define a set of potential Autonomously Replicating Sequences (ARSs), which we term nimARSs. The nimARS set comprises 529 ORC and/or Mcm2p binding sites, which includes 95% of known ARSs, and experimental verification demonstrates that 94% are functional. The resolution of the analysis facilitated identification of potential ACSs (nimACSs) within 370 nimARSs. Cross-validation shows that the nimACS predictions include 58% of known ACSs, and experimental verification indicates that 82% are essential for ARS activity.ConclusionThese findings provide the most comprehensive, accurate, and detailed mapping of ORC binding sites to date, adding to the emerging picture of the chromatin organization of the budding yeast genome.
Prevalence and predictors of home and automobile smoking bans and child environmental tobacco smoke exposure: a cross-sectional study of U.S.- and Mexico-born Hispanic women with young children
Authors: Gonzales Melissa , Malcoe Lorraine Halinka , Kegler Michelle C , Espinoza Judith 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Detrimental effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on child health are well documented. Because young children's primary exposure to ETS occurs in homes and automobiles, voluntary smoking restrictions can substantially reduce exposure. We assessed the prevalence of home and automobile smoking bans among U.S.- and Mexico-born Hispanics in the southwestern United States, and examined the influence of mother's country of birth and smoking practices on voluntary smoking bans and on child ETS exposure.

Methods
U.S.- and Mexico-born Hispanic mothers of children aged 2 through 12 years were systematically sampled from health clinics in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In-person interviews were conducted with 269 mothers (75.4% response rate) to obtain information on main study outcomes (complete versus no/partial home and automobile smoking bans; child room and automobile ETS exposure) and risk factors (mother's country of birth, maternal and household smoking behaviors). Data were analyzed with chi square tests and logistic regression models.

Results
Three-fourths (74–77%) of U.S.-born and 90–95% of Mexico-born mothers reported complete automobile and home smoking bans. In multivariate analyses, mother's U.S nativity, mother's current smoking, and presence of other adult smokers in the home were associated with significantly increased odds of not having a complete home or automobile smoking ban. Mother's smoking was associated with child ETS exposure both indoors (odds ratio [OR] = 3.31) and in automobiles (OR = 2.97). Children of U.S.-born mothers had increased odds of exposure to ETS indoors (OR = 3.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–7.69), but not in automobiles. Having complete smoking bans was associated with substantially reduced odds of child ETS exposure both indoors (OR = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.04–0.27) and in automobiles (OR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05–0.36).

Conclusion
This study of Hispanic mothers in the southwestern U.S. indicates that there are substantial differences between U.S.- and Mexico-born mothers in the prevalence of home and automobile smoking bans, and resulting child ETS exposure. Tobacco interventions to increase smoke-free environments for U.S. Hispanic children should focus on both home and automobile smoking practices, especially among U.S.-born mothers, and utilize strategies that impact smoking practices of all household members.
Idea Generation, Creativity, and Incentives
Authors: Toubia Olivier 
Published: October 2006

Idea generation (ideation) is critical to the design and marketing of new products, to marketing strategy, and to the creation of effective advertising copy. However, there has been relatively little formal research on the underlying incentives with which to encourage participants to focus their energies on relevant and novel ideas. Several problems have been identified with traditional ideation methods. For example, participants often free ride on other participants’ efforts because rewards are typically based on the group-level output of ideation sessions. This paper examines whether carefully tailored ideation incentives can improve creative output. I begin by studying the influence of incentives on idea generation using a formal model of the ideation process. This model illustrates the effect of rewarding participants for their impact on the group and identifies a parameter that mediates this effect. I then develop a practical, web-based asynchronous “ideation game,” which allows the implementation and test of various incentive schemes. Using this system, I run two experiments that demonstrate that incentives do have the capability to improve idea generation, confirm the predictions from the theoretical analysis, and provide additional insight on the mechanisms of ideation.
Absorptive Capacity in High-Technology Markets: The Competitive Advantage of the Haves
Authors: Narasimhan Om , Rajiv Surendra , Dutta Shantanu 
Published: October 2006

The rapid rate of knowledge obsolescence in many high-technology markets makes it imperative for firms to renew their technological bases constantly. Given its critical importance, excellence in renewal of technological base would serve as a dynamic capability. Drawing on past literature, we identify this dynamic capability associated with acquiring and utilizing external technological know-how with the notion of absorptive capacity (AC). We ask the following questions: (a) What would cause some firms to have a higher AC than others? and, (b) What is the impact of AC on a firm’s profitability? We build a conceptual framework suggesting that marketing, R&D, and operations capabilities have a significant positive impact on a firm’s AC. We test our framework on a data set of firms in high-technology markets. Using an econometric technique called stochastic frontier estimation, we infer the AC of firms from an observation of the know-how they actually absorb. We find that firm-specific capabilities significantly impact AC. Also, we find that AC has a significant impact on profitability and that this impact is moderated by the pace of technological change: the greater the pace of change, the greater the impact.
Bone scanning in the assessment of mandibular invasion by oral cavity carcinomas
Authors: Weisman Robert A. , Kimmelman Charles P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMandibular invasion alters the staging and treatment of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, and thus its detection is essential to the head and neck oncologist. There is little information assessing the accuracy of the radionuclide bone scan and the roentgenogram in determining mandibular invasion. The present study reports data on 40 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity for whom bone scans, mandibular roentgenograms, and histologic examination of the mandible were available. The bone scan correctly predicted mandibular invasion in 8 of 9 cases; the false positive rate was 53% as a result of mandibular inflammatory changes. The bone scan was more accurate than the roentgenogram in predicting tumor invasion of the mandible, but the bone scan had a higher false positive rate. A normal bone scan and roentgenogram virtually precluded tumor involvement of the mandible. We conclude that the bone scan is an important adjunct in the prediction of carcinomatous invasion of the mandible in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.
Combined treatment of advanced cancer of the laryngopharynx and cervical esophagus
Authors: Schechter Gary L. , Baker John W. , El‐Mahdi Anas M. , Bumatay Joseph T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAdvanced cancer of the laryngopharynx and cervical esophagus is difficult to treat because of the malnutrition produced by pain and obstruction and the problems related to reconstruction. This paper presents the initial results of a regimen used in 14 patients in which there is rapid reversal of nutritional deficiencies, radical resection, and reconstruction using the gastric pull‐up technique and administration of postoperative radiotherapy. Excellent overall palliation and decreased hospitalization have been achieved using this regimen without diminishing chances for cure.
Salivary and bronchial immunoglobulins in patients with respiratory tract carcinoma
Authors: Dvorak Kenneth J. , Katz Robert L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPatients with carcinoma of the respiratory tract have been demonstrated to have elevated levels of immunoglobulins in the secretions bathing these areas. The clinical significance of this finding has remained unclear. In the present study, IgA and IgG levels were correlated with 5 year survival statistics in 53 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Our findings indicate that there is no correlation between local IgA or IgG level and length of patient survival.
Herpes zoster oticus: Surgery based upon prognostic indicators and results
Authors: May Mark , Blumenthal Frank 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe studied 28 patients with herpes zoster oticus prospectively over the six‐year period between August 1974 and June 1980. We found that the results of measuring tear production, submandibular salivary flow, the response to maximal stimulation, and evoked electromyography gave us sufficient information to group these patients according to prognosis — either unfavorable or favorable —for spontaneous return of facial function. When the test results were 26% or more of normal, 100% of the patients had complete recovery without treatment; when the test results were 25% or less of normal, 69% had incomplete recovery: 19% had fair and 50% had poor recovery. Of the 31% with complete recovery, 4 were operated upon.The natural history of herpes zoster oticus in patients with a poor prognosis was improved if a transmastoid extralabyrinthine subtemporal decompression of the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve was performed within 10 days of onset of the paralysis. The decision to perform this surgery was based upon the results of the prognostic tests mentioned above.
Surgical treatment of external auditory canal cholesteatoma
Authors: Anthony Philip F. , Anthony W. P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors present a series of 12 ears in 10 patients ranging from 18 to 72 years old with external auditory canal cholesteatomas (EACC) seen over an 8 year period. Males and females were equally involved. The left ear was involved 3 times as frequently as the right. No association with sinus or bronchial diseases was seen. Two cases were examined, 3′i and 7 years before the development of any external auditory canal symptoms, and were normal. Two cases of bilateral involvement by EACC were reported. The clinical findings of EACC in this series are discussed.The authors describe a method of surgical treatment used in 12 ears with an average 3 year follow‐up and excellent results. The technique involves the excision of the involved skin and periosteum followed by bone debridement. Fascia was used when 1. a large amount of skin had been removed, 2. mastoid air cells were exposed, 3. a soft tissue graft was used to fill a bony defect, or 4. when a portion of the tympanic membrane was sacrificed or its continuity interrupted.
Meningiomas presenting in the middle ear
Authors: Salama N. , Stafford N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMeningiomas can present in the middle ear either as primary tumors or as an extension of an intracranial tumor. Symptoms and signs of such rare tumors are easily confused with more common conditions of the ear. Two cases of meningiomas involving the middle ear are presented, the operative details of the second case are summarized because of the unusual extent of the tumor. A brief review of primary intratympanic meningiomas reported in the literature is also presented. An account of the pathology, diagnois, and treatment of meningiomas in the middle ear is given in the hope that this diagnosis may be considered when middle ear tumors present.