bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of leukemic blood and bone marrow in dogs with multicentric lymphoma
Authors: Raskin Rose E. , Krehbiel Janver D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Multicentric lymphoma was diagnosed in 53 dogs. A study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of leukemic involvement in blood samples, bone marrow aspirates, and bone marrow core biopsy specimens at the time of initial diagnosis. Data indicated that 57% (30/53) of the dogs were leukemic when all materials were considered relative to the presence of cellular atypia or immaturity and abnormal tissue distribution. In the 30 leukemic dogs, detection was made in the specimens with the following frequency: 15 in blood (50%), 18 in bone marrow aspirates (60%), and 29 in bone marrow core biopsy specimens (97%). Five cases (17%) were only detected by core biopsy examination, even when dogs with bone marrow lymphocytosis of greater than 15% of nucleated cells were considered leukemic. Nondiffuse histologic colonization patterns accounted for the lack of correlation between the type of bone marrow specimens. Clinical staging for treatment response and prognosis was best determined by evaluation of concurrently obtained blood samples, bone marrow aspirates, and bone marrow core biopsy specimens.
Side effects of etomidate in dogs
Authors: Muir William W. , Mason Diane E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Intravenous administration of etomidate, a nonbarbiturate sedative hypnotic, induced excitement, myoclonus, pain on injection, vomiting, and apnea during induction of anesthesia in 20 experimental dogs and 70 hospitalized dogs. The dogs had excitement and purposeless muscle movements during recovery from anesthesia. The frequency and severity of the side effects were markedly attenuated or eliminated by the administration of diazepam, acepromazine, or morphine prior to etomidate administration.
Prognostic factors and survival after radiotherapy for intranasal neoplasms in dogs: 70 cases (1974–1985)
Authors: Evans Sydney M. , Goldschmidt Michael , McKee Linda J. , Harvey Colin E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Survival time and 31 prognostic factors were analyzed for 70 dogs undergoing radiotherapy for intranasal tumors at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania between 1974 and 1985. At the time of analysis (January 1987), 14.3% (10 of 70) of the dogs were alive. Of the remaining dogs, 34 died because of tumor recurrence, 14 died because of intercurrent disease, and 12 were lost to follow-up evaluation. Pretreatment prognostic factors that were significantly correlated with disease-free interval or long-term survival could not be identified. Notably, presence of a facial mass was not prognostically significant, suggesting that extensive disease should not preclude treatment. Median survival time of dogs with all tumor types was 16.5 months, with a 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival of 54%, 43%, and 35%, respectively. Median survival time of dogs with carcinoma was 13.5 months, with 1-year survival of 51%, 2-year survival of 37%, and 3-year survival of 31%. Orthovoltage radiation was efficacious in the treatment of canine intranasal tumors.
Clinical, radiographic, and bronchial cytologic features of cats with bronchial disease: 65 cases (1980–1986)
Authors: Moise N. Sydney , Wiedenkeller Dayna , Yeager Amy E. , Blue Julia T. , Scarlett Janet 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Medical records, radiographs, and bronchial cytologic abnormalities of 65 cats with bronchial disease were reviewed. Bronchial disease was defined as abnormality of the lower airways to the exclusion of disease originating or mainly involving the alveoli, interstitium, vasculature, or pleura. Cats with bronchial disease were more likely to be female and older. Siamese cats were overrepresented and had more chronic disease. In order of frequency, the following clinical signs were reported: coughing, dyspnea, occasional sneezing, wheezing, and vomiting. Radiography revealed prominent bronchial markings, with some cats having collapse of the middle lobe of the right lung (n = 7), overinflation of the lungs (n = 9), or aerophagia (n = 13). Of 65 bronchial washes, 58 were considered exudative, with the predominant cell type being eosinophil in 24%, neutrophil in 33%, macrophage in 22%, and mixed population of cells in 21%. Cultures for bacteria were considered positive in 24% of the cats. Circulating eosinophilia was not helpful in predicting the predominant cell type in bronchial cytologic exudates. Hyperproteinemia without dehydration was present in a third of the cats, indicating an immunologic response. Half the cats had resolution of clinical signs, whereas half the cats required continuing medication with bronchodilators, antimicrobial agents, or corticosteroids.
Evaluation of full cortical allografts in 25 dogs
Authors: Sinibaldi Kenneth R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Twenty-five dogs received 26 cortical allografts from Apr 9, 1976 through Jan 31, 1982. Cortical allografts were used to reconstruct fractures of the femur, humerus, tibia, radius, and ulna. These grafts were used to replace comminuted fragments; to lengthen bones; to correct malunions, delayed unions, and nonunions; and in one case, to replace bone lost to sequestrum formation in an infected fracture site. All fractures were stabilized by use of standard ASIF techniques and dynamic compression plates. Frozen bone allografts were used in all cases. These were harvested aseptically and stored in a household freezer for 3 days to one year before use. Clinically normal function was achieved in 96% of the dogs.
Adjustment of total serum calcium concentration for binding to albumin and protein in cats: 291 cases (1986-1987)
Authors: Flanders James A. , Scarlett Janet M. , Blue Julia T. , Neth Steven 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The relationships between total serum calcium and serum albumin and total serum calcium and serum protein concentrations were examined in 291 cats. There was a significant (P < 0.001) linear relationship between serum calcium and serum albumin concentrations. Because of extreme variability among the calcium and albumin concentrations (R2 = 0.18), however, a dependable formula to adjust total serum calcium values for albumin or protein binding in the cat could not be constructed. An adjustment formula could not be based on the relationship between calcium and total protein concentrations because of the lack of a significant relationship (P = 0.21). The association between serum calcium and serum albumin or serum calcium and total protein concentrations is weaker in cats than in dogs or man.
Drug residues in food animals
Authors: Van Dresser W. R. , Wilcke J. R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A total of 292 field investigative reports of drug residues in food animals for 1983 to 1988 were analyzed. The investigations had been conducted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Virginia State Veterinarian's Office, in cooperation with the Center for Veterinary Medicine of the FDA, to trace residues reported by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service to the source of the animal and the administration of the drug.
The analysis disclosed the following. (1) Antibiotic residues were most often associated with streptomycin, penicillin, oxytetracycline, and neomycin. Sulfamethazine was, by far, the most frequently cited sulfonamide. (2) Residues are being found predominantly in cows, veal calves, and market hogs (barrows and gilts). (3) The cause of drug residue most frequently cited by the field investigators was failure to observe the withholding time for the drug. Almost half of these investigations revealed that the individual responsible for the sale of the animal did not know the proper withholding time for the drug. Failure to maintain adequate records was also a contributing factor. (4) The producer was considered to be the responsible party in over 80% of the cases for which responsibility was determined. (5) Residues associated with injectable drugs were investigated most frequently. Long-acting and sustained-release products were most often associated with penicillin and oxytetracycline residues. (6) The 2 most common sources of purchase for the drugs involved in the investigations were the feed/farm supply store and the veterinarian. (7) Unapproved drug use was not a major cause of residues.
Treatment of canker in horses
Authors: Wilson David G. , Calderwood Mays Maron B. , Colahan Patrick T. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Seven horses with canker had radical surgical debridement and various irritant substances applied to the wounds. Four of the horses were clinically normal in (mean) 3.6 months, 1 mare was lame, and 2 horses were euthanatized because of complications of their treatments. Seven horses that had minor surgical debridement and antimicrobial agents used systemically and topically were clinically normal in (mean) 1.4 months. Seemingly, canker in horses should be managed using minor surgical debridement and appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Bacterial culture of blood from critically ill dogs and cats: 100 cases (1985-1987)
Authors: Dow Steven W. , Curtis Charles R. , Jones Robert L. , Wingfield Wayne E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of 100 critically ill dogs and cats, 49 (39 dogs, 10 cats) had bacteremia. Gram-negative bacilli were the most common isolates from the bloodstream of dogs with bacteremia (46%), and gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 36% and 31% of positive cultures, respectively; 15% of positive cultures were polymicrobial. In cats, gram-negative bacilli (especially Salmonella enteritidis) and anaerobic bacteria were the most common isolates, and 30% of positive cultures were polymicrobial. Gram-positive cocci were not isolated from the bloodstream of cats.
Odds ratios, adjusted for the combined effects of disease status (severe vs nonsevere), results of bacterial culture of blood result (positive vs negative), and species (dog vs cat) were calculated for mortality in animals in the study. In animals with bacteremia, severe disease increased the risk of death 11.6-fold, compared with the risk in animals with nonsevere disease. Bacteremia increased mortality 10-fold in animals with severe disease, compared with mortality in animals with severe disease without bacteremia. Animals with severe disease and bacteremia were 15.6 times more likely to die than were those with nonsevere disease and negative culture results. In animals with nonsevere disease, culture results (positive vs negative) were not related significantly to mortality. Disease status (severe vs nonsevere) in animals without bacteremia also was not significantly related to mortality. There was no significant difference in overall mortality in dogs, compared with that in cats.
Mortality rates were not significantly different among animals with bacteremia caused by gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive cocci, anaerobic bacteria, or multiple organisms. Overall, animals with bacteremia were significantly more likely to be febrile (or hypothermic), to have an abnormal leukogram, and to be in shock than were animals without bacteremia.
Colostral and serum IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations in Standardbred mares and their foals at parturition
Authors: Kohn Catherine W. , Knight Debra , Hueston William , Jacobs R. , Reed Stephen M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Immunoglobulin G, IgM, and IgA concentrations were measured in serum collected from 36 Standardbred mares within 12 hours of foaling, in colostrum collected within 6 hours of foaling, and in serum collected from foals 24 to 48 hours after birth. In serum collected from mares after parturition, mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 2,463.9 ± 1,337.3 mg/dl, 136.4 ± 218 mg/dl, and 305.2 ± 237.5 mg/dl, respectively. In serum from foals, mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 1,953.3 ± 1,635 mg/dl, 33.8 ± 30.4 mg/dl, and 58.4 ± 42.2 mg/dl, respectively. In colostrum, mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 8,911.9 ± 6,282.2 mg/dl, 957 ± 1088.1 mg/dl, and 122.9 ± 77.3 mg/dl, respectively. The IgG concentrations in foal serum were poorly correlated with IgG concentrations in colostrum (r = 0.462, P < 0.01). Correlations of IgM or IgA concentrations in serum from foals with IgM or IgA concentrations in colostrum and correlations of IgG concentrations in serum from mares with those in colostrum were not significant (P < 0.01). Of 36 foals, 1 (2.8%) had a serum IgG concentration < 400 mg/dl. Of 36 foals monitored for 4 months, 6 developed infectious respiratory tract disease requiring antimicrobial therapy at ages varying from 55 to 113 days; these infections were probably not related to failure or partial failure of passive transfer of antibody.
Clinical use of the neuromuscular blocking agents atracurium and pancuronium for equine anesthesia
Authors: Hildebrand S. V. , Holland M. , Copland V. S. , Daunt D. , Brock N. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Neuromuscular blocking agents (muscle relaxants) are useful and common adjuncts to general anesthesia for human beings, but have not been used extensively during anesthesia of large animal species. Over a 3-year period, atracurium or pancuronium were used as adjuncts to general anesthesia for 89 anesthetic procedures in 88 equids (of 18 breeds and age ranging in age from 5 weeks to 25 years) at the teaching hospital.
Forty-one of the anesthetic procedures were for abdominal surgery, and orthopedic (n = 19), ophthalmologic (n = 17), thoracotomy (n = 1), and soft tissue (n = 14) procedures composed the rest. Most equids were given atracurium because it was less expensive than pancuronium. Initial dosage of either relaxant ranged from 0.12 to 0.2 mg/kg of body weight iv, and repeat doses ranged from 10 to 30 mg. Relaxants were used for as long as 205 minutes. Muscles of the face or hind limb digital extensor muscles were used to monitor relaxation. Muscles of the hind limb were more sensitive to the effects of relaxants than were muscles of the face.
At the end of a surgical procedure, just prior to being taken to the recovery stall, a relaxant antagonist, edrophonium (0.5 to 1 mg/kg), was administered iv to each equid. Edrophonium caused blood pressure to increase in most of the equids. Heart rate change was variable, with approximately half the equids having no change or increased heart rate and the remainder having decreased heart rate. Recovery to standing after anesthesia was rated excellent or good for 72 equids, fair for 11, and poor for 2. In one equid, difficult recovery was attributed to inadequate reversal of relaxant. Relaxants were considered particularly useful for ensuring a motionless eye during ophthalmologic surgery, improving surgical exposure for abdominal surgery such as ovariectomy, facilitating fracture reduction, and solving problems of persistent intraoperative movement coincident with hypotension.
Use of radionuclide imaging to identify malignant mammary tumor bone metastases in dogs
Authors: Ogilvie Gregory K. , Allhands Roger V. , Reynolds H. A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Radionuclide imaging techniques were used to indicate the location and incidence of bone metastases in 30 dogs with malignant mammary tumors. The method was successful in distinguishing mammary tumor metastases in the sternum of one dog.
Pulmonary thromboembolism associated with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs: Ten cases (1982-1987)
Authors: Klein Mary Kay , Dow Steven W. , Rosychuk Rodney A. W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Pulmonary thromboembolism was confirmed at necropsy in 10 (32.2%) of 31 dogs treated for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Radiographic findings associated with thromboembolism included pronounced interstitial lung pattern and small amounts of pleural effusion. Variables associated with significantly higher incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism included hyperbilirubinemia (P = 0.023), negative Coombs test result (P = 0.032), and presence of an indwelling catheter (P = 0.04). There was a tendency (P = 0.06) for association of higher number of whole blood transfusions with pulmonary thromboembolism.
Combined Kirschner-Ehmer device and dorsal spinal plate fixation technique for caudal lumbar vertebral fractures in dogs
Authors: Shores Andy , Nichols Chad , Rochat M. , Fox S. M. , Burt G. J. , Fox W. R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A new surgical technique was developed for the fixation of caudal lumbar vertebral fractures in dogs. The technique provides optimal stabilization, can be used in combination with dorsal decompression, and does not require an intact spinous process on the fractured vertebra or attachment of the fixation devices to the fractured vertebra. The fixation consists of a Kirschner-Ehmer device and dorsal spinal plates. After fracture healing, only mild sedation of the dog is needed to allow removal of the external hardware used in the fixation. The technique, its indications, and its use in 5 cases are described.
Clinicopathologic findings in dogs with renal amyloidosis: 59 cases (1976-1986)
Authors: DiBartola Stephen P. , Tarr Melinda J. , Parker Ann T. , Powers Jean D. , Pultz Joseph A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The medical records of 59 dogs with renal amyloidosis were reviewed. Most dogs with amyloidosis were > 6 years old, and females were affected more often than males. Beagles, Collies, and Walker Hounds were at increased risk, whereas German Shepherd Dogs and mixed-breed dogs were at decreased risk. Common historical findings were anorexia, polyuria, polydipsia, lethargy, vomiting, and weight loss. Common laboratory findings were leukocytosis, lymphopenia, non-regenerative anemia, hypercholesterolemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, metabolic acidosis, isosthenuria, cylindruria, and proteinuria. Proteinuria was moderate to severe in most dogs, as assessed by qualitative determination of urine protein concentration, urine protein/urine creatinine ratio, and 24-hour urine protein excretion. Conservative medical management was of little value, and survival ranged from 3 to 20 months in 12 dogs for which this information was available. Moderate to severe diffuse global glomerular amyloidosis was detected in all dogs. Medullary amyloid deposition was multifocal and less severe, but was evident in most dogs. Secondary tubulointerstitial and glomerular lesions were mild or absent in most dogs. Thromboembolism was identified in approximately 14% of affected dogs, underlying inflammatory disease in 37%, and neoplasia in 20%, Laboratory indicators of renal function correlated poorly with histologic lesions, with the exception of glomerular amyloid deposition and “chronic renal disease” index with endogenous creatinine clearance.
Central nervous system toxicosis associated with metronidazole treatment of dogs: Five cases (1984-1987)
Authors: Dow Steven W. , LeCouteur Richard A. , Poss Mary L. , Beadleston David 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Metronidazole, administered to 5 dogs for periods ranging from 3 to 14 days, was associated with acute development of cns dysfunction. Metronidazole dosage ranged from 67.3 to 129.0 mg/kg of body weight/d. Clinical signs of toxicosis began with anorexia and intermittent vomiting and progressed rapidly to include pronounced, generalized ataxia and vertical, positional nystagmus. These signs were consistent with lesions of the vestibular nuclei and/or cerebellum. High csf protein content was detected in 2 of 3 dogs from which csf was collected. Two dogs were euthanatized because of severe neurologic dysfunction. Three dogs improved slowly and recovered completely over several months. These findings suggest that currently recommended dosages of metronidazole may be too high for some dogs.
Horner's syndrome in dogs and cats: 100 cases (1975-1985)
Authors: Kern Thomas J. , Aromando Michael C. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The medical records of 74 dogs and 26 cats with Horner's syndrome (hs) that were admitted to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine between January 1975 and October 1985 were reviewed. In dogs, but not cats, hs was associated significantly (P < 0.01) with increasing age. Dogs with hypothyroidism (defined liberally but not rigorously), intracranial neoplasia, or thoracic neoplasia, cats with otitis media/interna (defined liberally), and dogs and cats with brachial plexus root avulsion were at greater risk for developing hs than were animals that were hit by a car. Dogs and cats with otitis externa were at less risk of developing hs than were animals that were hit by a car. The cause of hs could not be determined in 50% of dogs and 42.3% of cats. The results of topical adrenergic drug testing in dogs were inconclusive in localizing lesion site. In dogs and cats, hs appeared to be unassociated with gender, breed, or right vs left side. The important causes of hs in dogs and cats were trauma (hit by car), brachial plexus root avulsion, intracranial and thoracic neoplasia, and otitis media/interna.
Evaluation of heparin for prophylaxis of equine laminitis: 71 cases (1980–1986)
Authors: Belknap James K. , Moore James N. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The records of 71 horses with small intestinal disorders requiring surgical correction were reviewed to compare the prevalence of laminitis in those horses treated prophylactically with heparin and the prevalence of horses not treated with heparin. The prevalence of laminitis was 13% (9/71), and there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in the prevalence of laminitis between the 2 groups. The lack of significant benefit after treatment with heparin indicates that further work needs to be done on the equine coagulation system before heparin can be advocated for prevention of laminitis.
Treatment of idiopathic hepatic lipidosis in cats: 11 cases (1986-1987)
Authors: Jacobs Gilbert , Cornelius Larry , Allen Sheila , Greene Craig 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Idiopathic hepatic lipidosis was diagnosed in 11 cats. Cats were treated by delivery of balanced nutrients supplemented with l-carnitine via a surgically placed gastrostomy tube. Feeding through the gastrostomy tube was initiated in the hospital and was continued at home in all cats. The mean duration of gastrostomy tube feeding was 48 days (range, 22 to 98 days). Vomiting associated with feeding (3 cats) and localized cellulitis at the gastrostomy site (2 cats) were the most frequent complications. Vomiting was controlled by reducing the volume of food administered at each feeding or by administration of metoclopramide. Cellulitis was treated successfully by parenteral administration of antibiotics and local wound cleansing. Seven of 11 cats (65%) survived and have remained clinically healthy for 15 to 29 months (mean, 20 months) since diagnosis. The other 4 cats died of peritonitis (n = 1), pneumonia (n = 1), hepatic encephalopathy (n = 1), or cardiopulmonary arrest (n = 1) between 0 and 10 days after surgery.
Interpreting feline leukemia test results
Authors: Romatowski Joseph 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Routine prevaccinal screening for FeLV has inherent statistical limitations owing to the magnification of false-positive test errors by the low prevalence of FeLV viremia in the general cat population. Positive elisa test results obtained in a screening program should be interpreted with caution, because a high proportion—approximately 72%—of such are likely to be false-positive results. On the other hand, routine screening is an excellent method for ruling out FeLV viremia, because a false-negative result is likely to be obtained in only 1/1,000 tests.