bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gobernabilidad en empresas familiares del sector camaronero de altura de Campeche, México
Authors: García Román Alberto Quijano , Cortés Roger Manuel Patrón , Chuc Giselle Guillermo , Martínez Fidel Ramón Alcocer 
Published: April 2024

El estudio de las estructuras de gobierno, la transmisión de experiencia y la cultura empresarial, son temas que deben ser evaluados en las empresas familiares como parte de su planeación de largo plazo y que se reflejan inevitablemente en los procesos de sucesión y transmisión de propiedad. Esta investigación es de tipo descriptivo porque se mide información sobre las variables que participan en el problema, con diseño no experimental transversal ya que se recolectaron datos en un solo momento en su contexto natural, mediante cuestionarios administrados a los líderes de las organizaciones; el principal objetivo es identificar las estructuras de gobierno implementadas en estas organizaciones como reflejo de la experiencia y cultura empresarial desarrollada por los socios fundadores. Los resultados indican que las variables estudiadas responden a la experiencia generacional y la cultura organizacional fomentada por el líder, quien tiene la responsabilidad de alcanzar la transición generacional, mejorando los procesos de gestión empresarial, definiendo con precisión los órganos de gobierno, para una adecuada toma de decisiones en el seno de la familia y en la organización.
Comparação epidemiológica dos pacientes com neurosífilis coinfectados com HIV e sem coinfecção
Authors: Araujo Elízia Carolline Rodrigues , Geraldes Sonia Maria , Souza Fernanda de Freitas Medeiros de , Filho Vivaldo Palma Lima 
Published: April 2024

Neurossífilis está associada a diversos fatores de risco, incluindo contagem de células T CD4 , infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), não ter iniciado o tratamento com terapia antirretroviral (TARV) ,sexo masculino, sífilis de tempo precoce, título rápido de reganho plasmático e idade acima de 45 anos. Além disso, certos testes laboratoriais como VDRL sérico, e análise da rotina do líquor com presença de proteinorraquia ou pleocitose estão associados ao diagnóstico de neurossífilis. Adicionalmente, a adesão às diretrizes nacionais para o tratamento da neurossífilis é influenciada pelo tipo de hospital e localização geográfica. É importante notar que a infecção pelo HIV não impacta o resultado reativo do teste não treponêmico como o VDRL no líquido cefalorraquidiano. A triagem para neurossífilis assintomática em pacientes com fatores de risco estabelece o diagnóstico precoce com melhora nos desfechos clínicos evitando a ocorrência de sintomas oftalmológicos ,auditivos e neurológicos. É crucial para os médicos considerarem esses fatores ao avaliar e gerenciar pacientes com o diagnóstico.
Las TIC dentro del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de las estudiantes con necesidades especiales de escuela “la presentación” de la ciudad de Guayaquil
Authors: Delgado-Galarza Cindy Alexandra , Bravo-González Manuel Edmundo , Zuñiga-Delgado Mireya Stefania 
Published: April 2024

El desarrollo del presente compendio investigativo sobre las TIC relacionadas al aspecto académico de niños y niñas con necesidades educativas especiales, es un resumen escrito que presenta factores investigativos y experiencias educativas, aplicadas desde el punto de vista de la pedagogía y de tecnología. Para la construcción del presente trabajo de investigación se consideró como parámetro principal el desarrollo académico de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales haciendo énfasis en déficit cognitivo y físico leve, para lo cual se elaboraron múltiples abordajes a los Directivos, Estudiantes, Docentes y profesionales que trabajan con los grados de Educación General Básica de la Escuela “La Presentación” de la ciudad de Guayaquil, sobre los inconvenientes más relevantes que presentan las alumnas con déficit cognitivo y físico, adicionalmente se respaldó el trabajo investigativo con la revisión bibliográfica, softwares educativos, categorización, análisis e interpretación de la información encontrada en diferentes portales Web que fueron bases relevantes de la investigación. Para dar inicio con la formulación se elaboró y aplicó encuestas a directivos, docentes y estudiantes, observación áulica a grados de la sección de Educación General Básica Superior y una reunión con la Directora General de la institución, enfocándose en el análisis de los resultados obtenidos en dicha recolección de datos, luego de la aplicación de los instrumentos se obtuvo como evidencia que existe cierto nivel de desconocimiento de adecuadas prácticas docentes en el uso las TIC, para los diversos tipos de NEE presentes, por lo cual se sugiere establecer un cronograma de capacitaciones y actualización tecnológica durante el periodo lectivo, de ese modo se podrán estructurar adaptaciones pedagógicas que sirvan como herramientas y punto de partida para la utilización de los equipos tecnológicos con los que cuenta la institución, factores que se requerían para la elaboración de las planificaciones curriculares de la institución.
Parental Upbringing, Nutritional Status, and Physical Activity in Preschoolers
Authors: Guevara Valtier Milton Carlos , Paz Morales María de los Ángeles , Soltero Rivera Silvia Guadalupe , Rueda-Sánchez Cynthia Berenice , Quintana-Lagunas Roger , Navarro Rodríguez Diana Cristina 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: in Mexico the prevalence of childhood obesity has experienced an alarming increase; it was reported that 9,7 % of children under 5 years of age were suffering from overweight or obesity. This situation was exacerbated in the northern region of the country with a prevalence of 13,2 %. Within this context, Parenting Style has been identified as a determinant factor in children's eating behavior, directly influencing their Body Mass Index. Aim: to understand the relationship between Parenting Styles (General and by type of Parenting Style), Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity of preschoolers. Methodology: a cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study involved 664 individuals, comprising 332 mother/child dyads, aged between 3 and 5 years. Variables were measured using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Parents of Preschool Children, with descriptive and correlational statistics being conducted. Results: a positive and significant correlation was found between the Democratic Parenteral Parenting Style with the minutes that preschoolers dedicated to performing mild physical activities (rs = 0,136, p<0,05) and moderate physical activities (rs = 0,172, p<0,01). ). Permissive and authoritarian parenting styles did not show significant relationships with minutes of physical activity. Discussion: despite the lack of correlation between the general Parenting Style and BMI, this finding underscores the complexity of factors shaping children's physical activity, suggesting the need for multifaceted strategies that include parental education, improvements in infrastructure, and public policies to promote a healthy lifestyle among children
Estimating the Morphological Variability of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Genotypes in Jabalpur District, India
Authors: Singh Deepak , Pandey Chandra Shekhar , Pandey S. K. , Chanderia Umesh Kumar , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Prajapati Shailendra Sagar 
Published: April 2024

As variability is crucial for crop improvement, it is better to characterise several genotypes that are derived from either seedlings or wild types. This research facilitates the identification of cultivars, genotypes and the elimination of identical plants within populations. The study was conducted in year 2022-23 with thirty-three guava genotypes of Jabalpur district to examine various morphological characteristics such as tree height, trunk girth and canopy diameter, branching attitude, stem colour in young shoots, branching density, mature leaf colour, leaf shape, leaf base shape, leaf tip shape, leaf curvature and leaf twisting. The experimental investigation was carried out at the Fruit Research Station, Imaliya, under the Department of Horticulture at the College of Agriculture, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Genotypes exhibited notable diversity in their morphological traits with respect to height, gith, canopy and several leaf-based characteristics. For the estimation of diversity, the DUS guideline of UPOV was followed. All the genotypes in this study aged between eight to thirteen years. Descriptive statistics showed that, the height of the trees varied between 2.78m (JG-322) and 6.12m (JG-325). The trunk girth ranged between 27.21cm (JG-314) to 87.23cm (JG-319). The canopy in the east-west direction ranged from 4m (JG-325) to 8.34m (JG-322) whereas, in north-south direction varied 3.68m (JG-325) to 8.41m (JG-322). The observed diversity in these traits yielded significant insights that might drive the selection of parental plants for an advanced guava breeding initiative.
Bayes factors for genome‐wide association studies: comparison withP‐values
Authors: Wakefield Jon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Bayes factor is a summary measure that provides an alternative to theP‐value for the ranking of associations, or the flagging of associations as “significant”. We describe an approximate Bayes factor that is straightforward to use and is appropriate when sample sizes are large. We consider various choices of the prior on the effect size, including those that allow effect size to vary with the minor allele frequency (MAF) of the marker. An important contribution is the description of a specific prior that gives identical rankings between Bayes factors andP‐values, providing a link between the two approaches, and allowing the implications of the use ofP‐values to be more easily understood. As a summary measure of noteworthinessP‐values are difficult to calibrate since their interpretation depends on MAF and, crucially, on sample size. A consequence is that a consistent decision‐making procedure usingP‐values requires a threshold for significance that reduces with sample size, contrary to common practice.Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing trends in observed and modelled climate extremes over Australia in relation to future projections
Authors: Alexander Lisa V. , Arblaster Julie M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMultiple simulations from nine globally coupled climate models were assessed for their ability to reproduce observed trends in a set of indices representing temperature and precipitation extremes over Australia. Observed trends over the period 1957–1999 were compared with individual and multi‐modelled trends calculated over the same period. When averaged across Australia, the magnitude of trends and interannual variability of temperature extremes were well simulated by most models, particularly for the index for warm nights. The majority of models also reproduced the correct sign of trend for precipitation extremes although there was much more variation between the individual model runs. A bootstrapping technique was used to calculate uncertainty estimates and also to verify that most model runs produce plausible trends when averaged over Australia. Although very few showed significant skill at reproducing the observed spatial pattern of trends, a pattern correlation measure showed that spatial noise could not be ruled out as dominating these patterns. Two of the models with output from different forcings showed that the observed trends over Australia for one of the temperature indices was consistent with an anthropogenic response, but was inconsistent with natural‐only forcings. Future projected changes in extremes using three emissions scenarios were also analysed. Australia shows a shift towards warming of temperature extremes, particularly a significant increase in the number of warm nights and heat waves with much longer dry spells interspersed with periods of increased extreme precipitation, irrespective of the scenario used. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Electrical Conductivity of Poly(3‐octylthiophene)/Au Nanocomposites
Authors: Podhájecká Klára , Dammer Ondřej , Pfleger Jiří 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSummary: The stabilizing effect of Au nanoparticles on electrical conductivity of poly(3‐octylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) based composite films was investigated. For the content of Au nanoparticles 1 vol %, the turning point where the conductivity starts to decrease, shifts to 110 °C, compared with 50 °C for the neat polymer. At low temperatures, the composites show the common activation energy of conductivity Ea = 0.3 eV independent of the Au nanoparticle concentration. It corresponds to the activation energy of neat polymer and suggests that the conductivity of the composite is controlled by the same mechanism.
Optical Chirality Induced in Evaporated Poly(diacetylene) Film by Circularly Polarized Light
Authors: Kohn Hideki , Ohshima Yuki , Manaka Takaaki , Iwamoto Mitsumasa 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSummary: 10,12‐tricosadiynoic acid films were deposited on glass substrate by vacuum evaporation proceess at substrate temperatures of 273 K and 313 K, and then photopolymerized using left‐ and right‐ circularly polarized light (CPL). The resulting prepared poly(diacetylene) films changed from blue phase to red phase successfully by sample annealing at 353 K for 10 min, and the absorption spectra well reflected the red phase. Surface morphology change was not observed by anneling at 353 K. Furthermore, the CD spectra revealed that the chirality induced by CPL at 313 K was stronger that at 273 K.
Computation of the stress intensity factors of sharp notched plates by the fractal‐like finite element method
Authors: Treifi Muhammad , Oyadiji S. Olutunde , Tsang Derek K. L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe fractal‐like finite element method (FFEM) is an accurate and efficient method to compute the stress intensity factors (SIFs) of different crack configurations. In the FFEM, the cracked/notched body is divided into singular and regular regions; both regions are modelled using conventional finite elements. A self‐similar fractal mesh of an ‘infinite’ number of conventional finite elements is used to model the singular region. The corresponding large number of local variables in the singular region around the crack tip is transformed to a small set of global co‐ordinates after performing a global transformation by using global interpolation functions. In this paper, we extend this method to analyse the singularity problems of sharp notched plates. The exact stress and displacement fields of a plate with a notch of general angle are derived for plane‐stress/strain conditions. These exact analytical solutions which are eigenfunction expansion series are used to perform the global transformation and to determine the SIFs. The use of the global interpolation functions reduces the computational cost significantly and neither post‐processing technique to extract SIFs nor special singular elements to model the singular region are needed. The numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the FFEM for sharp notched problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrolide Antibiotics in Sulfur Mustard‐Exposed Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Gao Xiugong , Ray Radharaman , Xiao Yan , Ray Prabhati 
Published: July 2008

Abstract: Sulfur mustard, a vesicant chemical warfare agent, causes airway injury due to massive release of destructive enzymes and mediators of inflammation. Nitric oxide plays an important yet controversial role in inflammation. An impressive number of reports suggest that excessive amount of nitric oxide may promote inflammation‐induced cell injury and death. Overproduction of nitric oxide is catalysed by up‐regulated expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In this study, we used quantum dot‐mediated immunocytochemistry to analyse iNOS expression and flow cytometry to analyse the intracellular nitric oxide production in sulfur mustard‐exposed normal human small airway epithelial cells and bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells and studied the effect of four US Food and Drug Administration‐approved macrolide antibiotics, namely, azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin and roxithromycin. Exposure to 100 µM sulfur mustard significantly up‐regulated iNOS expression and resulted in overproduction of nitric oxide in these cells. Addition of macrolide antibiotics to 100 µM in the medium reduced both iNOS expression and nitric oxide production to near normal level. Thus, the current study providesin vitroevidence of the immunomodulatory effects of macrolide antibiotics in sulfur mustard‐exposed airway epithelial cells. These results suggest that macrolide antibiotics may serve as potential vesicant respiratory therapeutics through mechanisms independent of their antibacterial activity.
Cholinergic agonism alters cognitive processing and enhances brain functional connectivity in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cader S , Palace J , Matthews PM 
Published: July 2008

Abstract The aim of this study is to define mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of brain cholinesterase inhibition on cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Both a Stroop task and an N-back task were used to probe the changes in brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a single (investigator)-blind, crossover treatment design studying 15 patients with multiple sclerosis (12 relapsing remitting, 3 secondary progressive) taking rivastigmine (4.5 mg po bid) and domperidone (10 mg po qd) or domperidone alone. Administration of rivastigmine increased Stroop functional magnetic resonance imaging activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus for the Stroop task ( P < 0.05, corrected). Incremental functional magnetic resonance imaging activation with progressively greater N-back task difficulty was enhanced by rivastigmine in prefrontal and parietal cortical regions ( P < 0.01, ANOVA). Functional connectivity analysis of the N-back functional magnetic resonance imaging data based on correlations between pair-wise interregional activations showed increased connectivity between left to right prefrontal, anterior cingulate to left prefrontal and right parietal to right prefrontal regions with rivastigmine ( P < 0.05, corrected). Although there were no statistically significant changes in the neuropsychological task performance with rivastigmine in this small study, 11 of 15 patients showed improvements, whereas only 4 of 15 patients showed decline in performance ( P = 0.07). With regard to the previous data, these findings suggest different patterns of brain response to lower dose acute and higher dose chronic administration of rivastigmine in patients with multiple sclerosis. They showed that rivastigmine enhances the prefrontal function and alters the functional connectivity associated with cognition. We interpret this as evidence for greater efficiency of brain information transfer that should increase confidence in a potentially beneficial clinical therapeutic effect.
Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of relapse in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of controlled trials
Authors: Beynon S , Soares-Weiser K , Woolacott N , Duffy S , Geddes JR 
Published: July 2008

Abstract We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials evaluating all clinically relevant pharmacological interventions for the prevention of relapse in people with bipolar disorder. Thirty-four trials were included in the review. Direct comparisons with placebo and with lithium were available for most drugs. In addition, there were direct comparisons of valproate vs. olanzapine, imipramine vs. lithium plus imipramine, olanzapine plus mood stabilisers vs. mood stabilisers and perphenazine plus mood stabilisers vs. mood stabilisers. Methodological quality varied across studies and the strength of evidence was not equal for all treatments or for all comparisons. There is evidence from placebo-controlled trials for the efficacy of lithium, valproate and lamotrigine as maintenance therapy for the prevention of relapse in bipolar disorder. Three drugs have a significant effect in the prevention of manic relapses (lithium, olanzapine and aripiprazole) and three in the prevention of depressive symptoms (valproate, lamotrigine and imipramine). Imipramine is little used in practice, because of concern about adverse effects. The significant effects of olanzapine and aripiprazole were demonstrated in selected responsive bipolar I patients only. Despite widespread use in clinical practice, there is little evidence to support the efficacy of combination therapy.
Repeated administrations of dopamine receptor agents affect lithium-induced state-dependent learning in mice
Authors: Zarrindast MR , Madadi F , Ahmadi S 
Published: July 2008

Abstract The influence of repeated administration of dopamine receptor agents on the effect of lithium on lithium-induced state-dependent learning was examined in mice. Immediate post-training intraperitoneal (i.p.) administrations of lithium (10 and 20 m/kg) decreased the step-down latency of a single-trial inhibitory avoidance task. This was fully or partly reversed by pre-test administration of the same doses of the drug, with maximum response at the dose of 10 mg/kg, suggesting state-dependent learning was induced by lithium. Here, it has also been shown that repeated intracerebroventricular administrations of a mixed D1/D2 dopamine receptors agonist apomorphine (once daily injections of 0.5 μg/mouse for three consecutive days followed by five days of no drug treatment) increased the effect of lower doses of pre-test lithium (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) on the reinstatement of the step-down latency decreased by post-training lithium (10 mg/kg). On the contrary, not only repeated administrations of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (0.5 and 1 μg/mouse) but also the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride (0.3 and 1 μg/mouse) disrupted the state-dependent learning induced by lithium. These results suggest that state-dependent learning induced by lithium may be altered by repeated pretreatment of dopamine receptor agents.