bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES ON THE HAEMOGLOBINS OF AUSTRALIAN LAMPREYS
Authors: Potter IC , Nicol Patricia I 
Published: December 2007

SummaryElectrophoresis on “Cellogel” strips shows that during metamorphosis a complete change occurs in the haemoglobins of all three Australian species of lampreys. The haemoglobin electrophoretic patterns of the two closely related species, Mordacia mordax and Mordacia praecox, are identical. These patterns differ markedly from those found in Geotria australis, suggesting that Mordacia and Geotria are not closely related.
ESTABLISHMENT OF CELL LINES FROM AUSTRALIAN LEUKAEMIC PATIENTS: PRESENCE OF A HERPES‐LIKE VIRUS
Authors: Pope JH 
Published: December 2007

SummaryTwo cell lines (QIMR‐WIL and QIMR‐FIN) were established from peripheral leucocytes from patients with myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukaemia. The predominant cells were primitive blast cells. Electron microscopy revealed the presence in each cell line of a herpes‐like virus morphologically indistinguishable from that previously described in cultured Burkitt lymphoma or leukaemic cells of African or U.S. origin. The virus was distinct from Herpesvirus hominis.
THE ISOLATION OF A PSITTACOSIS‐LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM (PL) AGENT FROM AN EMPEROR PENGUIN (APTENODYTES FORSTERI) CHICK
Authors: Cameron AS 
Published: December 2007

SummaryAn organism, shown to be a member of the Psittacosis‐Lympho‐ granuloma Venereum group has been isolated from an emperor penguin chick found dead at the Auster penguin rookery in Antarctica. This is the first evidence by isolation of the presence of this group of organisms among birds in Antarctica.
THE BIOGENESIS OF MITOCHONDRIA
Authors: Lukins HR , Jollow D , Wallace Patricia G , Linnane Anthony W 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA comparison has been made of the composition and enzymic content of mitochondria isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown under varying degrees of glucose repression. An increase in the degree of repression of that whole yeast cell results in a decreased oxidative activity of the isolated mitochondria, a decrease associated with a lower content of cytochromes and decreased activities of a number of membrane‐bound dehydrogenases and citric acid cycle enzymes. The concentrations of individual cytochromes and enzymes were affected by the catabolite repression to a variable degree.The lipid content and composition of yeast mitochondria and the effects of repression on the mitochondrial lipids have also been investigated. Mitochondria from non‐repressed yeast cells, which in oxidative activity resemble mammalian mitochondria, differ from them in having a lower phospholipid and higher neutral lipid content and in containing a high proportion of mono‐unssaturated fatty acids in place of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Glucose repression selectively affects the phospholipids of the mitochondria, resulting in a reduced total phospholipid content and a more saturated pattern of the fatty acyl composition of the phospholipid.The changes in the protein and lipid composition of the mitochondria are correlated with changes in the morphology of mitochondria as shown in electron micrographs of cells grown under different degrees of repression.The results indicate that catabolite repression affects the entire organization of the yeast mitochondrion, and the wide variation in the proportions of lipid and protein components in the mitochondria suggests that the assembly of the organelle in yeast is a stepwise process.
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOME AUSTRALIAN FAUNA TO INFECTION WITH FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS
Authors: Snowdon WA 
Published: December 2007

SummarySeveral species of Australian fauna were tested for their susceptibility to infection with foot and mouth disease virus. The majority of the fauna tested would support the multiplication of virus after either intramuscular or intradermal inoculation, although clinical signs of foot and mouth disease were rarely seen. The preferred sites for virus multiplication appeared to be the soft palate and pharynx in the red kangaroos, and the salivary glands in the water rats.The serum neutralizing antibody titres to foot and mouth disease virus in the kangaroos, wallabies and wombats reached a peak 14 days after inoculation and then gradually declined. Serum neutralizing antibody could not be de‐ tected in the echidnas 21 days after inoculation, but significant titres were present 35 days after inoculation.When red kangaroos and wombats were closely confined with cattle, it was found that (i) a proportion of red kangaroos infected by intramuscular inoculation was capable of infecting cattle, (ii) infected cattle were capable of infecting red kangaroos and wombats, and (iii) after being confined with infected cattle for 48 hr., red kangaroos subsequently did not infect susceptible cattle when confined with them.It was not possible to demonstrate spread of infection from infected red kangaroos to previously unexposed red kangaroos, or persistence of virus in red kangaroos.It is concluded that it would be only under exceptional conditions that the Australian fauna tested in this study would participate in the spread of foot and mouth disease under field conditions.
TISSUE CATECHOLAMINE LEVELS IN NORMOTENSIVE, GENETICALLY HYPERTENSIVE AND RENAL HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Robertson Allison A , Hodge JV , Laverty R , Smirk FH 
Published: December 2007

SummaryRats with genetic hypertension have been shown to have raised catecholamine levels in the forebrain, cerebellum and caudate nucleus when compared with control rats. In rats made hypertensive by renal artery narrowing, brain catecholamine levels were normal. Both hypertensive groups showed decreased concentrations of noradrenaline in heart muscle. Possible explanations of these changes are discussed.
SIMULTANEOUS ASSAY OF INSULIN AND GLUCAGON IN SERUM
Authors: Young JD , Kraegen EW 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA radioimmunoassay method is described for the simultaneous drtermination of insulin and glucagon in human serum. The technique uses 125I and 131labelled hormones, specific antisera of negligible cross reaction and an anion exchange resin to separate antiserum‐bound and “free” labelled hormones. Evidence is presented that there is non‐specific protein binding of both labelled insulin and labelled glucagon in human sera, and a correction for this is described. The method is suitable for the rapid assay of a large number of serum samples and fulfils the necessary criteria of specificity, sensitity, accuracy and reproducibility for clinical use.
SERUM INSULIN AND GLUCAGON DURING THE GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST.
Authors: Young JD , Jenkinson IS 
Published: December 2007

SummaryUsing the radioimmunoassay technique, simultaneous measurements of serum insulin and serum glucagon levels at 10‐min. intervals or periods of 1 to 6 hr. have been made‐ on 15 normal subjects, 8 obese diabetics and 5 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, while undergoing the oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, simultaneous blood sugar determinations were made.The general features of the observed damped oscillations in serum levels of sugar, insulin and glucagon are discussed in terms of a feedback loop of control acting between the physiological variables involved. The feedback loop is based on the known physiology of glucose metabolism.
PROPERTIES OF THE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR IN LEUKAEMIC AND NORMAL MOUSE SERUM
Authors: Stanley ER , Robinson WA , Ada GL 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe factor in normal and leukaemic mouse serum responsible for the stimulation of bone marrow colony growth in vitro has been characterised. It is a heat labile, non‐dialysable molecule which migrates electrophoretically in the α‐globulin‐post‐albumin region, is resistant to treatment with ether, RNA‐ase and DNA‐ase, has a buoyant density of approximately 1·34 and a sedimentation coefficient of between 4·5 and 7·0. It is likely that this factor is a protein or glycoprntein and that it may represent a Specific leucopoietic substance.The study also revealed the presence in various mouse sera of components which inhibited or potentiated the effect of the Factor in stimulating colony formation from bone marrow cells.
OUTPUT OF SYMPATHETIC TRANSMITTER IN THE ISOLATED RABBIT EAR
Authors: de la Lande IS , Paton WDM , Waud Barbara 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe release of sympathin in response to periarterial nerve and ventral auricular nerve stimulation in the isolated perfused rabbit ear has been measured by bioassay of the perfusate on the electrically stimulated rat colon and, in some experiments, by bioassay on a second perfused ear. The output was extremely small, the maximum amount of sympathin recorded being 27 pg. per pulse. In a number of preparations, sympathin was not detected in the perfusate.Loss of noradrenaline by re‐uptake into storage sites is probably not the major factor responsible for the difficulty in detecting sympathin, since injected noradrenaline showed only a small loss during its passage through the ear and the output remained low in the presence of phenoxybenzamine and cocaine. The possibility is considered that the small quantities of sympathin detected in the perfusate reflect either a small overflow of transmitter or a genuinely low output of sympathin in the ear vessels compared with tissues such as heart spleen and intestine.Attention is drawn to the ability of the central artery alone to reproduce much of the resistance to perfusion observed in the whole ear in response to periarterial stimulation and to noradrenaline.
A COMPARISON OF THE PHARMACOLOGY OF THE ISOLATED RABBIT EAR AND ITS CENTRAL ARTERY
Authors: de la Lande IS , Waterson JG 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe vascoconstrictor potency of angiotensin on the rabbit ear was greatly reduced by sectioning the ear so that only the proximal portion remained, or by removal of the entire vasculature other than a small segment of the central artery immediately distal to the site of cannulation.The above procedure had much less effect on the vasoconstrictor potencies of noradrenaline and histamine.The findings indicate that angiotensin's action on the ear vessels is mediated largely beyond the larger resistance vessels such as the central artery, whereas noradrenaline and histamine constrict both large and small resistance vessels.It is concluded that comparison of drug effects on the whole ear and on the central artery alone provides a useful guide to their sites of action on the ear vasculature.
ACUTE ACTIONS OF 2‐(2,6‐DICHLOROPHENYLAMINO)‐ 2‐IMIDAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE (ST 155) IN THE RAT
Authors: Hughes IE 
Published: December 2007

SummaryDoses of 2‐(2,6‐dichlorophenylamino)‐2‐imidazoline hydrochloride (ST 155) administered to rats under pentobarbitone anaesthesia produced graded reductions in blood pressure and heart rate which were preceded by a small pressor response. The pressor action of ST 155 is attributed to direct stimulation of of‐receptors, since it is affected in a similar manner to noradrenaline by small doses of an α‐blocking agent and is unaffected by pre‐treatment of the animals with reserpine or guanethidine. The depressor response and brudycardia, which were not seen in pithed or ganglion‐blocked animals, could not be attributed to depression of vascular smooth muscle, α‐bloekade, adrenergic neurone blockade or ganglion blockade. Involvement of the cholinergic system or the chemo‐ and baro‐ receptors was excluded, since the hypotensive response and slowing of the heart were still seen in atropinised and/or vagotomised animals and in animals in which the nerves to the carotid and aortic chemo‐ and baro‐ receptors had been sectioned. Since administration of ST 155 in such a way as to induce a higher concentration in the central nervous system than would be encountered after administration into the general circulation potentiated the actions, it is suggested that ST 155 has a predominantly central action, mediated by a reduction in sympathetic nervous activity.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF EPITHELIAL CELLS IN THE MEDULLA OF THE GUINEA‐PIG THYMUS
Authors: Mandel T 
Published: December 2007

SummaryAn ultrastrutural study of the thymic medulla of near‐term foetal and young post‐natal guinea‐pigs revealed the presence of a variety of epithelial cells. Three groups of structurally specialized medullary epithelial cells were distinguished and were referred to as the ‘squamous',‘villous’ and ‘cystic’ cells. Structurally undifferentiated epithelial cells were also seen and cells intermediate in appearance between these and each of the other epithelial cell types were also noted.The “squamous” cells formed Hassall's corpuscles and closely resembled keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium.“Villous” cells were seen forming an epithelial lining to cleft‐like spaces around the periphery of some Hassall's corpuscles. These cells resembled intestinal lining cells. The “cystic” cells were characterized by the presence of intracytoplasmic cystic spaces, frequent mitochondria and numerous profiles of smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. In “thick” sections stained with the periodic acid‐Schiff (P.A.S.) technique and examined with the light microscope these cells were seen to contain periodic acid‐ Sehiff positive material within the cysts. The morphology of the cystic cells is consistent with a secretory function and they may be the source of a thymic humoral Factor.No evidence was seen of any cells intermediate in structure between epithelial cells and lymphocytes.
SERUM ANTIBODY TO SALMONELLA FLAGELLAR ANTIGENS
Authors: Wistar R 
Published: December 2007

SummaryIn this report two methods are described for the assay of antibody to Salmonella flagellar (H) antigens. One depends on the agglutination of tanned sheep erythrocytes sensitized with polymerized flagellin, tanned red cell haemagglutination (TRC), and the other is a microprecipitin test employing nanogram quantities of I125 labelled monomeric flagellin. When compared with the Standard bacterial immobilization assay, the TRC is more sensitive in detecting natural antibody, human antibody and early primary antibody in rats. The microprecipitin test is most useful as an inhibition assay for determining the antigenicity of flagellar antigen preparations.
FORMATION OF LYMPHOID NODULES IN THE THYMUS IN ALLOGRAFT IMMUNITY
Authors: Awaya Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe formation of lymphoid nodules was observed in the thymus of mice that had received lymph node allografts in diffusion chambers. No lymphoid nodules were seen in the thymus of control non‐treated mice or those bearing empty diffusion chambers. A preliminary allografting experiment of another type also showed similar lymphoid nodule formation in the thymus of albino rats. This fact suggests that the prolonged retention of the allograft in the body of experimental animals may induce thymie follicle formation.
AN ANTI‐BRUCELLA PRINCIPLE OF PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES
Authors: Rezai Hamid R , Naghshgar B 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA factor inhibiting the growth of Brucella abortus was found in extracts of peritoneal macrophage from Brucella‐vaccinated guinea‐pigs. Mac‐rophages of normal guinea‐pigs lacked this inhibitory activity. Sera from normal or Brucella‐vaccinated guinea‐pigs were devoid of the inhibitory factor.
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE TO LEPTOSPIRA POMONA
Authors: Spradbrow PB 
Published: December 2007

SummaryInoculation of unweaned mice with two strains of Leptospira pomona resulted in chronic renal infection and urinary excretion of many organisms for long periods. Infection of 2‐day‐old mice with one strain resulted in reduced growth and mortalities 3 to 4 weeks later associated with a high excretion rate. In adult mice, only a transient period of leptospiruria was produced.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY IN RAT PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES
Authors: Reade Peter C 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe development of bactericidal activity in peritoneal macrophages from foetal to adult rats has been demonstrated with regard to Salmonella typhimurium C5 and Escherichia coli. (Lilly). Concomitant changes in morphology, acid phosphatase levels and intracytoplasmic inclusions have been described. The phagocytic activity of these cells, however, does not appear to be related to the age of animal from which the macrophages are obtained. The significance of the increasing ability of these cells to degrade bacteria has been discussed with regard to the ontogenesis of the immune response.
NITROGEN BALANCE AND WATER INTAKE IN THE KANGAROO ISLAND WALLABY, PROTEMNODON EUGENII (DESMAREST)
Authors: Barker S 
Published: December 2007

SummaryNitrogen balance, water intake and urine volumes of five female Kangaroo Island wallabies. Protemnodon eugenii (Desmarest) were measured. It was found that theoretical nitrogen equilibrium was achieved at an intake of 289 mg N/kg. W0.75/day which is slightly less than that given by Brown and Main (1967) for the euro. Macropus robustus Gould, a desert adapted macropod marsupial. It was calculated that metabolic faecal nitrogen excretion of the Kangaroo Island wallaby is 411 mg.N/100 g. dry matter intake. From this the theoretical digestible nitrogen intake required to maintain nitrogen equilibrium was calculated as 248 mg.N/kg. W0.75/day, a figure higher than that found by Brown and Main (1967) for the euro. Although urinary nitrogen excretion is low in both species when they are fed a low nitrogen diet, the euro seems to be more efficient at utilising nitrogen. This is probably achieved by lowering the excretion of both uninary urea and metabolic faecal nitrogen.A negative correlation was found between dry matter intake and mean daily temperature during the pre‐feeding periods. Similar findings have been made in the euro and in the tammar, the Western Australian representative of the Kangaroo Island wallaby. There was a stepwise increase in mean dry matter intake as nitrogen intake increased, and dry matter intake and water intake were positively correlated. The significance of the results is discussed in relation to a naturally occurring population of the Kangaroo Island Wallaby.
A STUDY OF THE POSSIBLE BASIS OF AGE‐DEPENDENT RESISTANCE OF MICE TO POXVIRUS DISEASES
Authors: Subrahmanyan TP 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe age‐dependent resistance of mice to cowpox virus has been studied. The young mice were more susceptible to the lethal effects of the virus inoculated by various routes, and adult levels of resistance were attained between 2 and 3 weeks of age.Subcutancously inoculated cowpox virus infected adult and young mice equally. Virus titrations and immunofluorescence studies showed that significant viraemia and infection of viscera occurred only in young mice. There was no particular target organ in young mice, and the degree of infection and the extent of histological damage seen in the liver were slight compared to that seen in fatal mousepox. Circulating free virus was found to infect the livers of young mice more easily.The adult mice had a superior neutralizing antibody response and this could have been an important factor in preventing the infection of internal organs. The evidence did not suggest that interferon or macrophages were important, factors in age‐dependent resistance to poxviruses. Death in young mice from viral infection did not appear to be due to any greater sensitivity to bacterial endotoxin. It was also found that young mice from a low pathogen colony were more resistant than mice of the same age from the regular colony.
THE EFFECT OF NEPHRECTOMY ON ALDOSTERONE SECRETION IN THE CONSCIOUS SODIUM‐DEPLETED HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED SHEEP
Authors: Blair‐west JR , Coghlan JP , Denton DA , Goding JR , Wintour Marelyn , Wright RD 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe effect of nephrectomy on aldosterone secretion was studied in 34 hypophysectomized sheep. Access to adrenal vein blood was obtained in 31 animals by the adrenal jugular bypass technique which involves left nephreetomy and cannulation of the left renal vein. The remaining 3 animals had cervical adrenal autotransplants. Sodium depletion by loss of parotid saliva was used as a stimulus to aldosterone secretion.In the majority of the bypass experiments and in each case in the sheep with adrenal transplants, nephrectomy resulted in aldostrerone secretion falling to the levels found in the sodium replete animal. There was little change 3–5hr. after nephrectomy, but by 10–12hr. aldosterone had decreased to the sodium replete range. In some experiments the fall took as long as 22hr. The findings were the same in animal with subtotal hypophysectomy as with complete hypophysectomy. Stopping infusion of sheep renin in does which elevated aldosterone secretion to comparable level in nephrectomized hypo‐physectomized animals resulted in a rapid fall within 2–3 hr. of aldosterone secretion to basal levels. In control experiments with nephrectomy of sodium repletete hypophysectomized sheep aldosterone secretion did not alter except where, after 12–24 hr., it rose coincident with a rise of plasma potasium concentration.The results showed that the presence of the kidney was essential for sustained aldosterone hypersecretion of the hypophysectomized sodium depleted sheep.
6‐MERCAPTOPURINE ADMINISTRATION TO NZB MICE
Authors: Casey TP 
Published: December 2007

SummaryAn intensive course of 6‐Mercaptopurine therapy in NZB mice immediately before the overt onset of their autoimmune haemolytic disorder did not delay or modify the subsequent development of antierythrocyte auto‐ antibody or of anaemia.Anaemic mice tolerated the drug poorly. They became more anaemic without lessening of strength of Coombs tests. It is suggested that the drug should be used with caution in anaemic patients with autoimmune disorders.
ASPECTS OF STIMULATION OF BONE MARROW COLONY GROWTH IN VITRO
Authors: Bradley TR 
Published: December 2007

SummaryCells from the kidneys of embryonic mice (17–19th day of gestation) were shown to be inactive with respect to the stimulation of colony growth of adult mouse bone marrow cells in vitro, whilst kidney cells from 2‐, 8‐ or 14‐day‐old mice were active in the induction of colony growth. Colony stimulating activity decreased piogiessively with cells from the kidneys of 1‐, 2‐ or 3‐month‐old mice.In vitro marrow cell colony stimulating activity was shown to be related to the number of kidney feeder cells used but was not confined to marrow cells of the same mouse strain.Similar colony stimulating activity was shown by trypsinized mouse embryo cells, and cells from several tissues were shown not to contribute to this activity. Contact between the feeder layers and bone marrow cells was not essential for colony development.