bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary supplementation of rapeseed oil on metabolism of [1‐14C]18∶1n−9, [1‐14C]20∶3n−6, and [1‐14C]20∶4n−3 in atlantic salmon heaptocytes
Authors: Moya‐Falcón C. , Thomassen M. S. , Jakobsen J. V. , Ruyter B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAtlantic salmon were fed fish meal‐based diets supplemented with either 100% fish oil (FO) or 100% rapeseed oil (RO) from an initial weight of 85 g to a final average weight of 280 g. The effects of these diets on the capacity of Atlantic salmon hepatocytes to elogate, desaturate, and esterify [1‐14C]18∶1n−9 and the immediate substrates for the Δ5 desaturase, [1‐14C]20∶3 n−6 and [1‐14C]20∶4n−3, were investigated. Radiolabeled 18∶1n−9 was mainly esterified into cellular TAG, whereas the more polyunsaturated FA, [1‐14C]20∶3n−6 and [1‐14C]20∶4n−3, were primarily esterified into cellular PL. More of the elongation product, [1‐14C]20∶1n−9, was produced from 18∶1n−9 and more of the desaturation and elongation products, 22∶5n−6 and 22∶6n−3, were produced from [1‐14C]20∶3n−6 and [1‐14C]20∶4n−3, respectively, in RO hepatocytes than in FO hepatocytes. Further, we studied whether increased addition of [1‐14C]18∶1n−9 to the hepatocyte culture media would affect the capacity of hepatocytes to oxidize 18∶1n−9 to acid‐soluble products and CO2. An increase in exogenous concentration of 18∶1n−9 from 7 to 100 μM resulted in a nearly twofold increase in the amount of 18∶1n−9 that was oxidized. The conversion of 20∶4n−3 and 20∶3n−6 to the longer‐chain 22∶6n−3 and 22∶5n−6 was enhanced by RO feeding in Atlantic salmon hepatocytes. The increased capacity of RO hepatocytes to produce 22∶6n−3 was, however, not enought to achieve the levels found in FO hepatocytes. Our data further showed that there were no differences in the hepatocyte FA oxidation capacity and the lipid deposition of carcass and liver between the two groups.
Folate Receptor Targeted Delivery of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles Prepared from ODN‐PEG‐Folate Conjugate and Cationic Lipids
Authors: Kim Sun Hwa , Jeong Ji Hoon , Mok Hyejung , Lee Soo Hyun , Kim Sung Wan , Park Tae Gwan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA polyelectrolyte complex micelle (PECM)‐based delivery system for targeting folate (FOL) receptor overexpressing tumor cells is demonstrated using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐conjugated oligonucleotide (ODN). The tumor targeting property was conferred to the PECM by tethering a folate moiety to the distal end of the PEG segment in an anti‐sense green fluorescent protein (GFP) ODN‐PEG conjugate. Nanoscale PECMs were spontaneously produced from ionic interactions between the ODN‐PEG‐FOL conjugate and a cationic lipid, lipofectamine (Lf). When treated with FOL receptor overexpressing cells (KB), the PCEMs caused a significant reduction in GFP expression in a dose‐dependent manner. This effect was not observed in FOL receptor deficient cells (A549). The enhanced transfection of ODN‐PEG‐FOL/Lf PECMs to KB cells was caused by FOL receptor mediated endocytosis. The efficiency of target‐specific gene suppression by ODN‐PEG‐FOL/Lf PECMs was maintained even in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum in the transfection medium.
Monoclonal Antibody against T‐Cell Receptor αβ Induces Self‐Tolerance in Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Lavasani S. , Dzhambazov B. , Andersson M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe therapeutic effect of monoclonal antibody (H57‐597 MoAb) against T‐cell receptor (TCR) αβ has been investigated on MOG35−55‐induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as a model system for T‐cell‐mediated chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Short‐term administration of the anti‐TCR αβ immediately after immunization protected the mice from EAE. Furthermore, anti‐TCR αβ treatment on an established disease restored the self‐tolerance which led to a complete remission of EAE and a dramatic reduction of inflammatory cells in the CNS, while treatment with control antibody (hamster IgG) was ineffective. The remission was durable and not associated with disappearance of autoreactive T cells as measured by persistence of MOG‐reactive T‐cell proliferation in vitro. However, MOG‐reactive T cells from anti‐TCR‐treated animals produced significantly lower amounts of inflammatory TNF‐α and IFN‐γ. In addition, while a transient deletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was observed, a population of T cells expressing CD3, NK1.1 and CD69 (NKT cells) were expanding. By transfer of spleen cells from anti‐TCR MoAb‐treated animals, we could show that the tolerogenic capacity can be transferred to untreated recipients with EAE. The data indicate therapeutic effect of anti‐TCR αβ MoAb (H57‐597), which represents a promising approach in treatment of T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune diseases.
Fine motor difficulties: The need for advocating for the role of occupational therapy in schools
Authors: Jackman Michelle , Stagnitti Karen 
Published: November 2006

Background:  Fine motor difficulties can impact on the academic, social and emotional development of a student. Aim:  The aims of this paper are to: (i) investigate the need for support to students experiencing fine motor difficulties from the perspective of their classroom teachers, and (ii) report on the level of knowledge teachers have in regard to the role of occupational therapists in supporting students with fine motor difficulties. Methods:  Fifteen teachers from a stratified random sample of public schools within two regions of Victoria, Australia, were interviewed in this qualitative, grounded theory investigation. Results:  Results showed that the current level of support for students with fine motor difficulties is inadequate. Conclusion:  Occupational therapists in Victoria need to advocate their role in developing the fine motor skills of students at both an organisational and an individual level in order to increase the access of students with fine motor difficulties to occupational therapy services.
COMMENTARY: NEOLIBERALISM: CONTEXT FOR A NEW WORKERS' STRUGGLE
Authors: Rachleff Peter J. 
Published: November 2006

In this essay labor historian Peter Rachleff takes a broad look at the political economy of U.S. capitalism since World War II, breaking this era into two periods: 1) the demand‐driven Keynesianism that emerged through the New Deal, the WWII economy, and the immediate postwar years; and 2) the anti‐working class neoliberalism that emerged piecemeal in the mid to late 1970s and has come to dominate the global economy. Rachleff's interest is in the impact of these political‐economic formations on working‐class struggle, in the U.S. and, increasingly, throughout the world. His argument is that, while neoliberalism has made the lives of most working people significantly worse, it has also established a common position and even experience that makes transnational solidarity more attainable in practice, thus opening out—potentially—into a new era of workers' struggles.Peter Rachleff is a Professor of History at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota. Over the past 25 years he has organized solidarity for a variety of workers' struggles in the upper Midwest, from the Hormel meatpackers in the mid‐1980s to the Northwest Airlines mechanics and flight attendants in the last year. In the past six years, he has made several visits to South Africa, and he credits activists there with helping him to understand the structures and dynamics of neoliberalism. Rachleff is the newly elected President of the Working Class Studies Association and is a board member of the Labor and Working Class History Association. His most recent book is an edited collection of IWW writings on the food industry, Starving Amidst Too Much (Charles H. Kerr Press, 2005).
Toward an Excremental Posthumanism: Primatology, Women, and Waste
Authors: Lathers Marie 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis essay assesses the use of excrement as a cultural trope in a posthumanist era. Drawing on insights from feminist, postcolonial, and animal theory, it proposes that Fossey (1983) and the film Gorillas in the Mist (1988) are popularized versions of a recurring narrative that posits feces as a sign of the both material and symbolic fluid boundaries between human and nonhuman animals, colonizers and natives, men and women, and science and nature. Specifically, Gorillas in the Mist transposes Fossey's study of gorilla "dung" in the jungle, the essay demonstrates, as a repetition of the enunciation "shit." In both written and spoken form, excrement mediates between, and ultimately merges, the identities of Fossey and the mountain gorillas. In the conclusion, the essay raises some problems in theorizing the relationship between postcolonial and posthumanist theory.
Effects of structural habitat on the escape behavior of the lizard, Anolis gingivinus
Authors: Larimer Samantha C. , Powell Robert , Parmerlee John S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractKnowledge of escape behavior contributes to an understanding of a species' natural history and provides insights into the physical capabilities of that animal in a natural setting. Using an "approach stick" to standardize the "threat" to which an animal responded, we examined reactions of the Anguillian anole, Anolis gingivinus. As in other anoles, A. gingivinus allowed relatively close approaches, followed by the behaviors of squirreling, running, jumping, or combinations thereof. The most important factors determining which action was taken were the diameter of the lizard's perch and the direction the lizard was facing. Amount of sun exposure also had an effect on behavior, whereas sex of individuals did not. Some visual aspect of the putative predator also had an effect, determining in part the distance at which the animal fled.
Struggling for Livelihood: Social Conflict through the Teahouse in Republican Chengdu
Authors: Wang Di 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis article reveals that teahouses were the scene of a variety of conflicts, from verbal disputes and petty thefts to violence and murder. The author argues that the teahouse, although mainly a place for leisure, business and public life, also became an arena for struggle for livelihood. The teahouse was a microcosm of Chengdu, and anything undertaken there reflected the larger society. Conflicts in the teahouse to a large extent reflected current social issues. Fights broke out when people found it difficult to solve their problems, to make a living and to survive, or when they were anxious or unhappy in the face of injustice, the deteriorating economy, hunger, insecurity and war. On the other hand, conflicts also arose from the abuse of power and privilege and the tyrannical response to social turmoil by thugs, soldiers and outlaws. We can see such unfortunate periods during the first half of the twentieth century. The author also tries to point out that the teahouse functioned as a stage where all kinds of people performed roles that were both good and evil, but all became part of teahouse culture and teahouse life.
Taking Secularism (not too) Seriously: the Italian 'Crucifix Case'
Authors: Mancini Susanna 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn Italy, unlike in most European countries, the debate over religious symbols in the public schools is not centred on the right of individuals belonging to minority groups to wear religious symbols and clothes, but rather on the legitimacy of the display of the crucifix and its religious and cultural significance. This article focuses on the compatibility of the display of the cross in state schools with the principle of secularism, which in the Italian context does not imply, as it does in France, strict indifference towards religion, but rather impartiality with respect to different faiths. The starting point of this discussion is a critical analysis of the controversial Italian 'crucifix case-law'. However, the issue is analysed in broader terms and in a comparative perspective. It is argued that freedom of religion or belief, alone, is not sufficient to provide an inclusive environment for all, and especially for those who do not t in the dominant culture. Therefore the question of the display of religious symbols should not be reduced to the balancing of individual and collective rights, but it should also emphasize the key role of secularism in guaranteeing cultural pluralism (and a pluralistic legislation) and in preventing the possibility of a preferential treatment of a given religion.
A Novel Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator Asoprisnil Activates Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-Mediated Signaling Pathway in Cultured Human Uterine Leiomyoma Cells in the Absence of Comparable Effects on Myometrial Cells
Authors: Sasaki Hiroko , Ohara Noriyuki , Xu Qin , Wang Jiayin , DeManno Deborah A. , Chwalisz Kristof , Yoshida Shigeki , Maruo Takeshi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractContext: We previously demonstrated that asoprisnil, a selective progesterone receptor modulator, induces apoptosis of cultured uterine leiomyoma cells. This study was conducted to evaluate whether asoprisnil activates TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptotic pathway in cultured uterine leiomyoma and matching myometrial cells.Objective and Methods: After subculture in phenol red-free DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum for 120 h, cultured cells were stepped down to serum-free conditions for 24 h in the absence or presence of graded concentrations of asoprisnil. The levels of TRAIL signaling molecules and cellular inhibitors of apoptosis protein were assessed by Western blot analysis.Results: TRAIL contents in untreated cultured leiomyoma cells were significantly (P &lt; 0.01) lower compared with those in untreated cultured myometrial cells. There was no difference in death receptor (DR)4 and DR5 contents between the two types of cells. Asoprisnil treatment significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased TRAIL, DR4, and DR5 contents in cultured leiomyoma cells in a dose-dependent manner with a cleavage of caspase-8, -7, and -3, and decreased X-linked chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein contents. In cultured myometrial cells, however, asoprisnil treatment did not affect either TRAIL signaling molecule or cellular inhibitors of apoptosis protein contents. The concomitant treatment with 100 ng/ml P4 significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reversed asoprisnil-induced increase in DR4 and cleaved poly(adenosine 5′-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase contents in cultured leiomyoma cells.Conclusions: These results suggest that asoprisnil induces apoptosis of cultured leiomyoma cells by activating TRAIL-mediated apoptotic pathway and down-regulating X-linked chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein levels in the absence of comparable effects on myometrial cells.
Wide-bore Electrophoresis System with Single Channel Inner-cooling and UV Detection
Authors: Guo Yugao , Liu Danning , Wang Huaifeng , Yuan Ruijuan , Bao James Jianmin 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
A novel, high performance wide-bore electrophoresis (WBE) system with inner cooling has been developed. By introducing the mode of shell and tube heat exchanger into this system to remove Joule heat generated during electrophoresis, it is feasible to extend the conventional capillary electrophoresis tube into wide bore (&gt;1.0 mm ID) diameter. The wider tube allows loading larger volume of sample with improved detection limit. Several separations of model compounds were achieved with relatively satisfactory performance on this device preliminarily. Further work is undergoing.
Persistent Hypercalcemia After Parathyroidectomy in an Adolescent and Effect of Treatment With Cinacalcet HCl
Authors: Henrich Lorin M , Rogol Alan D , D’Amour Pierre , Levine Michael A , Hanks John B , Bruns David E 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Background: Hyperparathyroidism is uncommon in adolescence and is more likely to persist after parathyroidectomy than in adults. Cinacalcet HCl is a new calcimimetic that has been used successfully for the treatment of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism in adults, but its use in adolescents has not been reported.
Case: A 16 year-old male presented with hypercalcemia that had persisted for 1.5 years after parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were nonsupressed despite a mean (SD) serum calcium concentration of 2.82 (0.06) mmol/L. Treatment with cinacalcet HCl was initiated and a pharmacodynamic profile was obtained for serum calcium, phosphorus, and PTH. Cinacalcet HCl normalized serum calcium. The changes in PTH were assay dependent.
Issues: We use this case conference to review the evaluation of hypercalcemia in adolescents, examine the changes in relevant laboratory results during treatment with cinacalcet HCl, and discuss differences among assays for PTH.
Conclusions: Interpretation of PTH results in patients treated with cinacalcet HCl requires consideration of the pharmacodynamic effects of the drug and the nature of the PTH assay.
Observation of out-coupling of a nematicon
Authors: Beeckman J. , Neyts K. , Hutsebaut X. , Haelterman M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this work we present the observation of spatial optical solitons in liquid crystal cells by recording the diffraction pattern of the out-coupled beam on a distant screen. Simultaneously, the light propagation is observed via scattering measurements. The most important observation is displacement of the beam on the screen due to the transverse undulation inside the cell. This undulation is caused by the anisotropic walk-off of the beam. The displacement is in good agreement with the values of the undulation earlier reported.
Design and simulation of single-electrode liquid crystal phased arrays
Authors: Bellini B. , Geday M. , Bennis N. , Spadło A. , Quintana X. , Otón J. , Dąbrowski R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLiquid crystal (LC) phased arrays and gratings have been employed in optical switching and routing [1]. These diffractive optic elements are of great interest because they can be scaled up to a large number of elements and their optical properties can be electrically addressed with a low driving voltage. LC phase gratings have been achieved either by periodic addressing of pixels or by using periodically-modified structures. The latter approach leads to less reconfigurable devices but the addressing is simpler.In this paper we focus on optical phased arrays where the phase is varied either continuously or discretely and where the periodicity is induced by electrode configuration. We first describe a possible structure based on a conductive silicon wafer. We argue that this structure can induce either continuously or discretely varying arrays while applying single voltage to the array. In the second part we simulate the behaviour of such arrays. We base the simulation on a LC synthesized at the Military University of Technology, this high-birefringence nematic LC shows in a 4-μm thick cell a linear phase shift range of more than 360° between 1.2 V and 1.8 V. We calculate the distribution of the LC molecule director and assess the performance of the array with respect to the applied voltage. Finally, the relevance of such technology for switchable phased arrays is discussed.
Nonlinear optical properties of composites based on conductive metal-alkanoate liquid crystals
Authors: Bugaychuk S. , Klimusheva G. , Garbovskiy Y. , Mirnaya T. , Ischenko A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe dynamic holography in new composite materials based on a novel class of metal-alkanoate ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) is studied experimentally and theoretically. The composites are formed as a dielectric dye film covered by lyotropic metal-alkanoate ILC and ionic smectic glasses with doped dye molecules. The dynamic gratings are created by nanosecond pulses of double frequency Nd:YAP laser, the recording demonstrates fast erasure time of residual thermal gratings. The nonlinear optical properties are determined by the resonance nonlinearity in photosensitive centres of ILC. Note, that permanent relief gratings will be formed on a dielectric dye film only as well as in composite cells either with nematic LC or with polymers under action of pulsed laser radiation. Lyotropic ILC layer applied over the dye film provides the dynamic regime of grating recording in composite cells. We found a secondary thermal grating is much smaller, the conductive ILC matrix provides effective heat dissipation and erasure of this thermal grating. A theory of Raman-Nath self-diffraction holography on thin films followed from the wave equation and the nonlinear mechanism of absorption saturation is developed to explain experimental results.
Surfactant effect on production of monodispersed microspheres by microchannel emulsification method
Authors: Tong Jihong , Nakajima Mitsutoshi , Nabetani Hiroshi , Kikuchi Yuji 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSuper‐monodispersed oil‐in‐water (O/W) microspheres (MS) were produced using a microchannel (MC) emulsification technique. To investigate the effect of the surfactant on the behavior of the O/W‐MS formation, the MS size and its distribution, various surfactants were used for the MC emulsification process. An MC plate with 8.9 μm equivalent diameter was employed. It was found that the super‐monodispersed O/W‐MS production depends on the type of surfactant used. When nonionic and anionic surfactants were used, supermonodispersed O/W‐MS were produced, and the average droplet diameter was about 30 μm with a standard deviation less than 1 μm. For cationic surfactants, the super‐monodispersed O/W‐MS production was not successful, especially for the case where hydrophobic surfactant was dissolved in the oil phase. The results indicated that it is very important to maintain the hydrophilicity of the MC surface during the MC emulsification process. It is considered that the hydrophilic group of the anionic and nonionic surfactant was repulsed from the negatively charged MC surface so that the hydrophilicity of the MC surface was maintained. Otherwise, adsorption of the positively charged group of the cationic surfactant occurred on the MC surface which improved wetting of the MC surface and deteriorated the MC emulsification process. The analysis was supported by contact angle measurement.
Wettability and surface free energy of bovine serum albumin films
Authors: Białopiotrowicz Tomasz , Jańczuk Bronisław 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMeasurements of the contact angle for water, glycerol, formamide, ethylene glycol, and diiodomethane on polymethyl methacrylate covered by adsorptive bovine serum albumin (BSA) films were made. Adsorption was performed from solutions in the concentration range 0–100 g/L. From the obtained contact angles the Lifshitz‐van der Waals components and the values of the electron‐acceptor and electrondonor parameters of the acid‐based components of the films were calculated for six triplets of liquids. The biggest changes in the BSA film structure occurred under a monolayer coverage (i.e., at BSA concentrations of <2.5 g/L). On the basis of the contact angles of glycerol, ethylene glycol, and formamide it was concluded that the density of BSA polar groups was almost constant. The surface density of the hydrophobic part of the BSA film also seemed constant regardless of the concentration of the solution from which the BSA adsorptive film was created. This conclusion could be drawn from the almost constant contact angle of diiodomethane.