bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuity of behavioral and emotional problems from pre‐school years to pre‐adolescence in a developing country
Authors: Anselmi Luciana , Barros Fernando C. , Teodoro Maycoln L.M. , Piccinini César A. , Menezes Ana Maria B. , Araujo Cora L. , Rohde Luis A. 
Published: March 2008

Background: All previous longitudinal community studies assessing the continuity of child behavioral/emotional problems were conducted in developed countries.Method: Six hundred and one children randomly selected from a Brazilian birth cohort were evaluated for behavioral/emotional problems through mother interview at 4 and 12 years with the same standard procedure – Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).Results: CBCL Total Problem score presented amediumstability (r = .42) with externalizing problems showing higher stability and more homotypic continuity than internalizing problems. Of the children presenting deviant scores at the age of 4, only 31% remained deviant at the age of 12 (p < .001). AdeviantCBCL Total Problem score at 12 years old was predicted by Rule‐Breaking Behavior [OR = 7.46, 95% CI 2.76–20.19] and Social Problems [OR = 3.56, 95% CI 1.36–9.30] scores at 4 years of age. Either Rule‐Breaking or Aggressive Behavior – externalizing syndromes – were part of the predictors for the three broad‐band CBCL scores and six out of the eight CBCL syndromes.Conclusions: Behavioral/emotional problems in preschool children persist moderately up to pre‐adolescence in a community sample. Externalizing problems at the age of 4 comprise the developmental history of most behavioral/emotional problems at pre‐adolescence. Our findings concur with findings from developed countries and are quite similar for continuity, stability and predictability.
Maternal separation anxiety as a regulator of infants’ sleep
Authors: Scher Anat 
Published: March 2008

Background:  The regulation of infants’ sleep is determined not only by biological factors but by relational aspects too. This study focused on maternal separation anxiety and examined its association with sleep–wake regulation at 10 months of age.Method:  In a community sample comprising 52 infants and their mothers, sleep was measured objectively with an activity monitor, as well as through questionnaires. The mothers reported on their own separation anxiety and on the child's perceived distress.Results:  The main finding was that maternal seperation anxiety was linked to settling to sleep routines and to night‐waking. The contribution of the mothers’ own sepration anxiety to their infants’ night‐waking remained significant after controlling for the child's fussiness.Conclusions:  Consistent with the transactional perspective, the current research documented an interplay between maternal separation anxiety and aspects of the child's sleep–wake transitions.
Personality of young adults born prematurely: the Helsinki study of very low birth weight adults
Authors: Pesonen Anu‐Katriina , Räikkönen Katri , Heinonen Kati , Andersson Sture , Hovi Petteri , Järvenpää Anna‐Liisa , Eriksson Johan G. , Kajantie Eero 
Published: March 2008

Background:  Today, the first generations of very low birth weight (VLBW ≤ 1500 g) infants are entering adulthood but very little is known of their personality traits, associated with both psychopathological vulnerability and resilience.Methods:  In this cohort study we compared personality traits among young adults (age range 18 to 27 years, mean 21.4, SD 2.19) with VLBW (n = 158) with those of term‐born controls (n = 168) of same gender, age, and maternity hospital. The participants completed the Neo‐Personality Inventory.Results:  Of the five main traits, the VLBW participants scored significantly higher in conscientiousness (MD .1, 95% CI .0 to .3; p < .03), agreeableness (MD .2, 95% CI .0 to .3; p < .001), and lower in openness to experience (MD –.1, 95% CI –.2 to .0; p < .02). In addition, the VLBW group differed from the controls with regard to facets of neuroticism (lower hostility and impulsivity, ps < .05) and extraversion (less assertiveness p < .01). Furthermore, there were fewer undercontrolled personality profiles among the VLBW subjects (p < .01). All differences were independent of gender, age at assessment, parental education, individual school grade average, and maternal pre‐eclampsia and smoking during pregnancy.Conclusions:  Young adults born with VLBW showed markedly different personality traits compared with their controls. The VLBW group displayed less negative emotions, were more dutiful and cautious, and displayed more warmth in their social relationships than their term‐born peers. We present two potential mechanisms underlying these findings. The first relates to parental influences and the other to evidence linking biological mechanisms associated with prematurity with personality characteristics in adulthood.
No differences between group versus individual treatment of childhood anxiety disorders in a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Liber Juliette M. , Van Widenfelt Brigit M. , Utens Elisabeth M.W.J. , Ferdinand Robert F. , Van der Leeden Adelinde J.M. , Gastel Willemijn Van , Treffers Philip D.A. 
Published: March 2008

Background:  The present study compares an individual versus a group format in the delivery of manualised cognitive‐behavioural therapy (FRIENDS) for children with anxiety disorders. Clinically referred children (aged 8 to 12) diagnosed with Separation Anxiety Disorder (n = 52), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (n = 37), Social Phobia (n = 22) or Specific Phobia (n = 16) were randomly assigned to individual (n = 65) or group (n = 62) treatment.Method:  Analyses were conducted separately for the intent‐to‐treat sample and the sample of children who completed treatment. Analyses included chi‐square comparisons and regression analyses with treatment format as a predictor.Results:  Forty‐eight percent of the children in the individual versus 41% in the group treatment were free of any anxiety disorder at post‐treatment; 62% versus 54% were free of their primary anxiety disorder. Regression analyses showed no significant difference in outcome between individual and group treatment.Conclusions:  Children improved in both conditions. Choice between treatments could be based on pragmatic considerations such as therapeutic resources, referral rates, and the preference of the parents and the child.
Models and determinants of vocabulary growth from kindergarten to adulthood
Authors: Beitchman Joseph H. , Jiang Hedy , Koyama Emiko , Johnson Carla J. , Escobar Michael , Atkinson Leslie , Brownlie E.B. , Vida Ron 
Published: March 2008

Background:  Increasing evidence suggests that childhood language problems persist into early adulthood. Nevertheless, little is known about how individual and environmental characteristics influence the language growth of individuals identified with speech/language problems.Method:  Individual growth curve models were utilised to examine how speech/language impairment and environmental variables (socioeconomic status, family separation, and maternal factors) influence vocabulary development from age 5 to 25. Participants were taken from a community sample of children initially diagnosed with speech/language problems at age 5 and their sex‐ and age‐matched controls.Results:  The language impaired group had significantly poorer receptive vocabulary than the speech impaired and control groups throughout the 20‐year period. Family income was a significant predictor of vocabulary growth when considered separately, but ceased to be a predictor when language impairment status was taken into account. Maternal education and family separation were determinants of vocabulary at age 5, over and above language impairment status.Conclusion:  Language impairment is a significant risk factor for vocabulary development from childhood to adulthood. Individuals with speech impairment were less impaired on receptive vocabulary than individuals with language impairment. Further investigation into maternal and familial risk factors may provide targets for early intervention with children at risk for language impairment.
Consumer knowledge and its consequences: an international comparison
Authors: Guo Liang , Meng Xiangyu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBy far the theories of consumer knowledge are mainly estimated in the western countries. It is important and necessary to assess theory generalizability and model equivalence across different culture contexts. This paper intends to gain a preliminary understanding of the relationship between two consumer knowledge components and four product‐related task performances, with a focus on the influences of two psycho‐linguistic differences in cognition. Based on the results of our empirically multi‐group comparison of Chinese and French wine consumers, we find that consumer knowledge is a multidimensional construct in both cultural contexts. It appears that psycho‐linguistic differences largely affect the consumption task performance. Consequently different consumer knowledge components play different roles in consumption tasks and lead wine consumers to employ dissimilar information processing strategies in various cultural contexts.
Dyslexia in Greek higher education: a study of incidence, policy and provision
Authors: Stampoltzis Aglaia , Polychronopoulou Stavroula 
Published: March 2008

Dyslexia is defined as a disability that primarily affects reading and writing. Internationally, the number of dyslexic students entering higher education is on the rise. It is estimated that students with dyslexia represent a small but significant minority. Many English‐speaking countries have developed support services and teaching practices to accommodate dyslexic students’ educational needs. In Greece, research on dyslexia is very limited. The purpose of this study is to define the incidence of dyslexia among the Greek student population and to examine dyslexic students’ age, gender and major field of study. Data were collected from a total of 406 departments at all Greek public institutions of higher education (n = 32). The existing practices for identifying and provisions for supporting dyslexic students were also examined. The incidence of dyslexia in Greek higher education was estimated to be 0.16%, which is far below the estimated incidence in the general population. Interesting results were yielded regarding the variability of higher education institutions’ responses to dyslexia. In almost all Greek institutions, provision takes place in the form of oral examinations and generic counseling. technological education institutions (TEIs) seem to be more aware of the educational needs of dyslexic students, possibly because they have three times more dyslexic students than higher education institutions (HEIs). All Greek universities deal with the needs of dyslexic students on an individual basis, making provision reactive rather than proactive. The results of the present study are discussed in the light of inclusive education and equality of opportunity for students who learn in a different way but do not differ from their counterparts in terms of intelligence or general abilities.
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci for two species of phyllostomid bats from the Greater Antilles (Erophylla sezekorni and Macrotus waterhousii)
Authors: MURRAY KEVIN L. , FLEMING THEODORE H. , GAINES MICHAEL S. , WILLIAMS DEAN A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe developed 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the buffy flower bat (Erophylla sezekorni) and 10 loci for Waterhouse's big‐eared bat (Macrotus waterhousii). In E. sezekorni, we tested 65 individuals from three islands, Cuba, Exuma, and Abaco. Mean number of alleles per locus was 10.7 (range 5–20). In M. waterhousii, we tested 39 individuals from one island, Exuma. Mean number of alleles per locus was 6.9 (range 4–13). We will use these markers to study the phylogeography and mating system of these species.
Longevity–fertility trade‐offs in the tephritid fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens, across dietary‐restriction gradients
Authors: Carey James R. , Harshman Lawrence G. , Liedo Pablo , Müller Hans‐Georg , Wang Jane‐Ling , Zhang Zhen 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAlthough it is widely known that dietary restriction (DR) not only extends the longevity of a wide range of species but also reduces their reproductive output, the interrelationship of DR, longevity extension and reproduction is not well understood in any organism. Here we address the question: ‘Under what nutritional conditions do the longevity‐enhancing effects resulting from food restriction either counteract, complement or reinforce the mortality costs of reproduction? To answer this question we designed a fine‐grained DR study involving 4800 individuals of the tephritid fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens, in which we measured sex‐specific survival and daily reproduction in females in each of 20 different treatments (sugar : yeast ratios) plus 4 starvation controls. The database generated from this 3‐year study consisted of approximately 100 000 life‐days for each sex and 750 000 eggs distributed over the reproductive lives of 2400 females. The fertility and longevity‐extending responses were used to create contour maps (X‐Y grid) that show the demographic responses (Z‐axis) across dietary gradients that range from complete starvation to bothad libitumsugar‐only andad libitumstandard diet (3 : 1 sugar : yeast). The topographic perspectives reveal demographic equivalencies along nutritional gradients, differences in the graded responses of males and females, egg production costs that are sensitive to the interaction of food amounts and constituents, and orthogonal contours (equivalencies in longevity or reproduction) representing demographic thresholds related to both caloric content and sugar : yeast ratios. In general, the finding that lifespan and reproductive maxima occur at much different nutritional coordinates poses a major challenge for the use of food restriction (or a mimetic) in humans to improve health and extend longevity in humans.
How Do Proxy Responses and Proxy‐Assisted Responses Differ from What Medicare Beneficiaries Might Have Reported about Their Health Care?
Authors: Elliott Marc N. , Beckett Megan K. , Chong Kelly , Hambarsoomians Katrin , Hays Ron D. 
Published: March 2008

Objective. Assess proxy respondent effects on health care evaluations by Medicare beneficiaries.Data Source. 110,215 respondents from the nationally representative 2001 CAHPS® Medicare Fee‐for‐Service Survey.Study Design/Data Collection/Extraction Methods. We compare the effects of both proxy respondents and proxy assistance (reading, writing, or translating) on 23 “objective” report items and four “subjective” global measures of health care experiences using propensity‐score‐weighted regression. We assess whether proxy effects differ among spouses, other relatives, or nonrelatives.Principal Findings. Proxy respondents provide less positive evaluations of beneficiary health care experiences than otherwise similar self‐reporting beneficiaries for more subjective global ratings (average effect of 0.21 standard deviations); differences are smaller for relatively objective and specific report items. Proxy assistance differences are similar, but about half as large. Reports from spouse proxy respondents are more positive than those from other proxies and are similar to what would have been reported by the beneficiaries themselves. Standard regression techniques may overestimate proxy effects in this instance.Conclusions. One should treat proxy responses to subjective ratings cautiously. Even seemingly innocuous reading, writing, and translation by proxies may influence answers. Spouses may be accurate proxies for the elderly in evaluations of health care.
Planning Riparian Restoration in the Context ofTamarixControl in Western North America
Authors: Shafroth Patrick B. , Beauchamp Vanessa B. , Briggs Mark K. , Lair Kenneth , Scott Michael L. , Sher Anna A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThroughout the world, the condition of many riparian ecosystems has declined due to numerous factors, including encroachment of non‐native species. In the western United States, millions of dollars are spent annually to control invasions ofTamarixspp., introduced small trees or shrubs from Eurasia that have colonized bottomland ecosystems along many rivers. Resource managers seek to controlTamarixin attempts to meet various objectives, such as increasing water yield and improving wildlife habitat. Often, riparian restoration is an implicit goal, but there has been little emphasis on a process or principles to effectively plan restoration activities, and manyTamarixremoval projects are unsuccessful at restoring native vegetation. We propose and summarize the key steps in a planning process aimed at developing effective restoration projects inTamarix‐dominated areas. We discuss in greater detail the biotic and abiotic factors central to the evaluation of potential restoration sites and summarize information about plant communities likely to replaceTamarixunder various conditions. Although many projects begin with implementation, which includes the actual removal ofTamarix, we stress the importance of pre‐project planning that includes: (1) clearly identifying project goals; (2) developing realistic project objectives based on a detailed evaluation of site conditions; (3) prioritizing and selectingTamarixcontrol sites with the best chance of ecological recovery; and (4) developing a detailed tactical plan beforeTamarixis removed. After removal, monitoring and maintenance as part of an adaptive management approach are crucial for evaluating project success and determining the most effective methods for restoring these challenging sites.
Estimating the incidence of first unprovoked seizure and newly diagnosed epilepsy in the low‐income urban community of Northern Manhattan, New York City
Authors: Benn Emma K.T. , Hauser W. Allen , Shih Tina , Leary Linda , Bagiella Emilia , Dayan Peter , Green Robert , Andrews Howard , Thurman David J. , Hesdorffer Dale C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary
Purpose: To estimate the incidence and mortality associated with first unprovoked seizure or newly diagnosed epilepsy in a low‐income, predominantly Hispanic community in Northern Manhattan, New York City.
Methods: We performed a population‐based study to determine the incidence of first unprovoked seizure or newly diagnosed epilepsy. Participants were Northern Manhattan residents seen at area hospitals and nursing homes between 2003 and 2005. Cumulative probability of mortality and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were also calculated.
Results: Among 209 incident cases identified, 123 (58.9%) presented with an incident single unprovoked seizure. A total of 138 (66.0%) participants were Hispanic and 94 (45.0%) had a median household income under $15,000/year. The overall age and sex‐adjusted incidence of all unprovoked seizures was 41.1 (95%CI = 35.4–46.8) per 100,000 person‐years. Higher incidence was observed in low‐income groups. Incidence among Hispanics was similar to that of non‐Hispanic whites and non‐Hispanic blacks. The cumulative probability of mortality was 17% (95%CI = 12–24%) by 3 years after diagnosis and was significantly greater in females and in those with an identified etiology. SMRs were significantly increased for all groups with respect to age, Hispanic ethnicity, middle and high income, partial seizure type, and remote symptomatic etiology. Idiopathic/cryptogenic and progressive symptomatic etiologies, low income, gender, and non‐Hispanic ethnicity were not associated with a significantly increased SMR.
Conclusion: Incidence of first unprovoked seizure or newly diagnosed epilepsy did not differ by race‐ethnicity. Although lower income was associated with higher incidence, higher income was associated with an increased SMR. Future research should examine reasons for differential incidence by income.
Effects of chronic treatment with valproate and oxcarbazepine on ovarian folliculogenesis in rats
Authors: Cansu Ali , Giray Seren G. , Serdaroglu Ayse , Erdogan Deniz , Coskun Zafer K. , Korucuoglu Umit , Biri Aydan A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary
Purpose: We aimed to define the morphologic effects of valproate (VPA) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) on ovarian folliculogenesis in rats.
Methods: Forty female wistar rats (21–24 days old and weighted between 46.4 and 55.3 g) were divided equally into 4 experimental groups, which were applied tap water (control group), 300 mg/kg/day VPA, 100 mg/kg/day OXC, and both VPA and OXC via gavage for 90 days. Ovaries of the rats on proestrous and diesterous phase of estrous cycle according to daily vaginal smear were taken out and placed in a fixation solution. Immunohistochemical and apoptosis (TUNEL) staining protocols were applied.
Results: The number of follicles decreased and that of corpora lutea increased significantly in OXC, VPA, and OXC+VPA treated groups compared with control group (p < 0.05). The number of TUNEL positive ovarian follicles was 1.40 ± 0.52 in control group, but it significantly increased to 3.50 ± 0.53, 3.50 ± 0.53, and 4.90 ± 0.88 in VPA, OXC, and VPA+OXC groups (p < 0.0001). The increase in the number of TUNEL positive granulosa cells was also significant for OXC and VPA+OXC groups (p < 0.0001). Immunohistochemical HSCORE decreased for TGFβ1 and IGF1 staining and increased for P53 staining in all drug groups compared with control group (p < 0.001). Intensity of P53 labeling increased, while intensity of TGFβ1, IGF‐1, and GDF‐9 immunoreactivity decreased significantly in all drug groups compared with control group (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Long‐term treatment with VPA or OXC from prepuberty to adulthood causes apoptosis and deterioration of folliculogenesis in rat ovarian follicles.
The mental health impact of terrorism in Israel: A repeat cross‐sectional study of Arabs and Jews
Authors: Gelkopf M. , Solomon Z. , Berger R. , Bleich A. 
Published: March 2008

Objective:  Since September 2000 Israeli society has been subjected to numerous deadly terror attacks. Few studies have studied the comparative mental health vulnerability of minorities and majorities to continuous terror attacks.Method:  Two telephone surveys (N = 512 and 501) on two distinct representative samples of the Israeli population after 19 months and after 44 months of terror. The Arab minority and Jewish majority were compared on measures of exposure to terrorism, posttraumatic stress symptomatology, feeling depressed, coping, sense of safety, future orientation, and previous traumatic experiences.Results:  After 19 months of terrorist attacks Arab Israelis and Jewish Israelis reacted roughly similarly to the situation, however after 44 months of terror, posttraumatic symptom disorder in the Arab population increased three‐fold, posttraumatic symptomatology doubled and resiliency almost disappeared.Conclusion:  We suggest that certain conditions inherent to political conflict situations may potentially put minorities at risk and may only be observable as terrorism‐related stressors become chronic.