bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of Adjacent Red and Jack Pine Plantations in the Lake States
Authors: Alban David H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 25 pairs of adjacent plantations, mean annual increment of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) was greater than that of jack pine (P. banksiana Lamb.) for 24 comparisons on a volume basis and for 20 on a weight basis. In no case did jack pine significantly outproduce red pine. Red pine mean annual increment averaged 29 cubic feet per acre greater than that of jack pine irrespective of site index, and this species differential is expected to increase as the stands grow older. The plantations averaged 36 years of age and represented a wide range of site indexes and soils throughout the northern Lake States.
Determining Average Skidding Distance on Rough Terrain
Authors: Perkins R. H. , Lynn K. D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A method has been developed for accurately determining average skidding distance and surface area as affected by roughness of terrain. The mathematical procedure is based on a geometrical approximation of sectors of circles and use of three-dimensional coordinate data from a topographic map. The methodology, applicable to tracts of either regular or irregular shape, is presented for use with pocket calculator or electronic computer.
Sealed Bids or Oral Auctions: Which Yield Higher Prices?
Authors: Wiener Alfred A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
When national forest timber is sold by sealed bid, prices tend to be higher than in sales by oral auction. This conclusion is derived from analyses of 1977 data from seven Forest Service regions (or zones)–all west of the Mississippi River--where both sales methods were used. The differential was greater for large sales than for small, and greater in regions where timber processors are numerous than where one-bid sales are common. The primary analysis was in terms of overbids, i.e., prices in excess of the Forest Service's appraised values; but comparisons of net and gross stumpage prices yielded the same conclusions. There was no strong indication that dependent mills changed their bidding patterns, or lost their timber supply, when sealed bids were used.
Forestry and Climatic Change
Authors: Layser Earle F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The earth's climate appears to be in an unstable period and may be undergoing change. Climatic fluctuations over the relatively short period of decades have biological and socioeconomic ramifications of importance to foresters and other land managers. They may be a precursor for ecological events affecting length of growing season, precipitation distribution, species distribution and decline, marginal habitats, tree growth, pathogen activity, and possibly wildfire occurrence and intensity. Land management and planning precepts need to be evaluated in respect to recent findings of atmospheric research, and climatic change considered as a factor in forest planning and ecological mechanisms.
Backcountry as an Alternative to Wilderness?
Authors: Schomaker John H. , Glassford Thomas R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Backcountry areas have been suggested as recreation alternatives to wilderness. A problem with the concept is that areas which could be managed as backcountry are already used by recreationists. Visitors to a wilderness in Oregon and to a nondesignated roadless area in northern Idaho hem many of the same values and sought the same kind of experiences. Therefore, redistribution, as proposed by backcountry proponents, may be equivalent to shifting use form officially designated wilderness to de facto wilderness rather than from wilderness to a backcountry, recreation area.
Redistributing Backcountry Use Through Information Related To Recreation Experiences
Authors: Krumpe Edwin E. , Brown Perry J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A controlled experiment in Yellowstone National Park tested a "trail selector" consisting of a brochure and map containing information designed to enable visitors to select trails offering the type of recreation experience they desired and to provide alternatives to the most highly used trails. In decision-tree format, the trail selector gave information on specific backcountry characteristics for 28 lightly used trails. The experiment demonstrated that simple information about trail attributes could redistribute use. Recreationists considered the trail selector useful, most said they would use it in planning subsequent trips, main, had showed it to others planning a backcountry trip in the study area.
Photo Estimates of Upper Stem Diameters
Authors: Crosby P. , Barrett J. P. , Bocko R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With a hand-held 35mm camera mounted with a 200mm lens, a field test was made on 40 white pine trees (Pinus strobus) to evaluate the feasibility of measuring upper stem diameters from photos. A section of the bole was referenced with a scale of known width and photographed with a hand-held camera at a horizontal distance of 10 m from the tree. The technique is simple and gave accurate and precise estimates. Either slides or black and white photos can be used.
Stand Changes on a Southwestern Mixed Conifer Watershed after Timber Harvesting
Authors: Gottfried Gerald J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An old-growth, mixed conifer stand in eastern Arizona was operationally harvested by diameter-limit and selection methods. The diameter-limit treatment severely reduced the conifer component of the remaining stand. Losses of advance regeneration from both harvesting methods were heavy. The diameter-limit area was left understocked, but in six years a well-stocked young aspen (Populus tremuloides) stand regenerated from sprouts; conifer numbers and stocking also increased. The conversion is less desirable than the old stand by current conifer production guidelines but can be beneficial for wildlife and for water resources. The selection area remained satisfactorily stocked with overstory trees and regeneration after harvest. Conifer regeneration currently exceeds pre-cutting levels. Aspen sprouting was also heavy, but conifers should remain dominant if the overstory is not drastically reduced by future cuts and logging damage is minimized.
Recreation Management in Cooperation With Nonprofit Organizations: Pros and Cons
Authors: Jacobi Charles D. , Wellman J. Douglas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Public land managers faced with budget and manpower constraints are finding partnerships with nonprofit groups useful in meeting recreation management goals. Interviews with key personnel in five such partnerships in the East revealed a wide variety of pros and cons that managers should consider. On balance, interviewees felt that the possible benefits of partnerships outweigh the potential problems.
Removal of Woody Debris May Affect Stream Channel Stability
Authors: Bilby Robert E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Several western states mandate the removal of logging debris from streams in order to prevent accumulations impassable to anadromous fish. Monitoring a small western Washington stream revealed large changes in channel structure during the first high flow after cleaning. Nearly 60 percent of the monitored pieces of debris moved during this storm, channel cross sections were substantially altered by movement of stored sediment, and the number, area, and volume of pools decreased. The degree of channel rearrangement was greater than in a comparable undisturbed stream. Subsequent storms caused much less debris movement and channel change than the first high flow, even though some of the later flows were of greater magnitude. An interim guide to stream cleaning is precribed.
Another Look at Leopold's Land Ethic
Authors: Zeide Boris 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Leopold's teaching is based on the belief that "the land is one organism." Will an ecosystem collapse if a single species is removed, as would an organism without a single organ? What would happen if all native plants and the animals that depend on them were replaced by a single introduced species? The answer: a sustainable wheat field, without which Leopold would not be able to create his ethic, nor we conduct this discourse.
Professional Foresters and the Land Ethic, Revisited
Authors: Brown Gerg , Harris Chuck 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Using a nationwide survey of Forest Service employees, this article compares the land ethic of foresters with that of other natural resource professionals and examines the relationship between one's land ethic and preferred forest policy options. Professional foresters embrace a more utilitarian land ethic than that expressed by biologists and other natural resource scientists in the agency. Because the number of foresters, engineers, and range managers in the Forest Service is declining while the ranks of natural resources scientists are growing, changes in the short-term management of national forest units may be forthcoming.
ICBEMP: Landscape Dynamics
Authors: Hann Wendel J. , Jones Jeffrey L. , Keane Robert E. , Hessburg Paul F. , Gravenmier Rebecca A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Assessment of the landscape dynamics of the ecosystems within the interior Columbia River basin included both natural and human changes. We describe the relationships between land use, ecosystem health, species diversity, and interactions with inherent disturbance processes and biophysical capabilities. We found that both traditional commodity and reserve system management strategies cause short-term fragmentation leading to long-term simplification of biophysical and socioeconomic landscape systems; active ecological management, on the other hand, can sustain the capabilities of these systems.
ICBEMP: Social and Economic Systems
Authors: Haynes Richard W. , Reyna Nicholas E. , Allen Stewart D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The social and economic assessments conducted for the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project characterized social and economic conditions and trends. The basin has a robust economy that is growing, diversifying, and reducing the importance of traditional resource industries. Even so, there remain many places that are not sharing in this prosperity or easily adapting to the changes to traditional rural lifestyles that growth brings.
Rural Communities in the Interior Columbia Basin: How Resilient Are They?
Authors: Harris Charles C. , McLaughlin William J. , Brown Greg 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An assessment of rural communities in Inland Northwest forests, completed for the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project, reveals that although their populations and economic base are changing, many towns are less dependent on natural resources than their citizens believe. Economic diversification is one measure of resilience to change, and towns whose leaders are preparing for future change have the best chance of expanding opportunities for their residents.
Balance and Sustainability in Multiaged Stands: A Northern Conifer Case Study
Authors: Seymour Robert S. , Kenefic Laura S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Classical silvicultural concepts of balance and sustainability in selection stands are examined using a 40-year case study in a mixed hemlock-spruce-fir stand. Although the stand initially conformed well to the target structure, deficits of poletimber and surpluses of sawtimber have since developed. Viewing stand structure in terms of area occupied by 10-year age classes, in addition to the diameter distribution, reveals important structural and species imbalances and suggests future management directions.
Gifford Pinchot: A Life in Progress
Authors: Miller Char , Sample V. Alaric 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Gifford Pinchot's conservation principles evolved throughout his life. Born into a lumbering and mercantile family, he was trained in traditional European methods of forest management, a perspective central to his work as first chief of the USDA Forest Service. When, as Pennsylvania's governor, he protected old-growth forests and later urged Franklin Delano Roosevelt to buy up private timberlands, he broke ranks with many foresters. Always controversial, he acted as the Forest Service's conscience until his death in 1946.
Coarse Woody Debris: Humans and Nature Competing for Trees
Authors: Hagan John M. , Grove Stacie L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Dead wood is usually the last thing foresters and forest products companies want to see in their forests. However, before humans discovered so many practical uses of wood, dead and dying trees were basic to forest development. Not surprisingly, many plants and animals evolved dependencies on dead wood. Today, with maintaining biodiversity a primary goal of forest management, foresters are confronted with seemingly contradictory goals: prevent or minimize agents that damage trees, but also maintain biodiversity, including the species that need dead wood.
Forestry Education: Adapting to the Changing Demands on Professionals
Authors: Sample V. Alaric , Ringgold Paul C. , Block Nadine E. , Giltmier James W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recent evolution in the practice of forestry can be linked to changes in the public's perception of sustainability and to developments in science, communications, and global markets. In response, when hiring graduates of professional forestry programs, forestry employers have changed the set of skills and competencies sought. A nationwide survey of forestry employers, educators, and recent graduates, conducted to assess how well US forestry programs are preparing professionals to practice forestry today, reveals some discrepancies between what employers want and what the schools provide. External financial and political pressures on higher education make it difficult for educators to close these gaps, but opportunities exist for employers to help.
Preventing Disaster: Home Ignitability in the Wildland-Urban Interface
Authors: Cohen Jack D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Wildland-urban interface (W-UI) fires are a significant concern for federal, state, and local land management and fire agencies. Research using modeling, experiments, and W-UI case studies indicates that home ignitability during wildland fires depends on the characteristics of the home and its immediate surroundings. These findings have implications for hazard assessment and risk mapping, effective mitigations, and identification of appropriate responsibility for reducing the potential for home loss caused by W-UI fires.
Mixing Ethics & Management A Crisis in Our Profession
Authors: Humphries William C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Because codes of ethics have their roots in the Judeo-Christian tradition, they are intended to guide people's relationships with one another. Because the "land ethic" describes people's relationship with the land, not with one another, it has no place in the SAF Code of Ethics. A separate set of forest practice standards could be devised to address these issues. To do otherwise is to create confusion and compromise the integrity of the code.
Ethical Conduct for Research A Code of Scientific Ethics
Authors: Patton-Mallory Marcia , Franzreb Kathleen , Carll Charles , Cline Richard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The USDA Forest Service recently developed and adopted a code of ethical conduct for scientific research and development. The code addresses issues related to research misconduct, such as fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research or in reporting research results, as well as issues related to professional misconduct, such as authorship practices, conflict of interest, and responsible treatment of data and resources. The adoption of a code of scientific ethics is expected to foster fairness, accuracy, and integrity in the conduct and reporting of scientific research within the agency.
The Cost of Inventorying and Monitoring Carbon: Lessons from the Noel Kempff Climate Action Project
Authors: Boscolo M. , Powell M. , Delaney M. , Brown S. , Faris R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The availability of cost-effective inventorying and monitoring systems is critical to the successful development of forest-based carbon offset projects. Based on our assessment of the Noel Kempff Climate Action Project in Bolivia, the largest pilot carbon offset project, we predict that monitoring costs are unlikely to exceed $0.25 per ton of offset. Yet this value will vary according to many site-specific characteristics, project scope, scale, and offset accounting methods.
Forest Stewardship Education: Fostering Positive Attitudes in Urban Youth
Authors: Broussard S.R. , Jones S.B. , Nielsen L.A. , Flanagan C.A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Philadelphia middle school students participated in a forestry education program that involved activities in the classroom, an urban forest, and a demonstration forest. A better understanding of forest stewardship, as evidenced by students' increased knowledge and shifting attitudes, was the cumulative effect, but activities and discussions in the demonstration forest proved the most effective educational method for fostering positive attitudes toward forestry.
What Is the Price of Catastrophic Wildfire?
Authors: Butry D.T. , Mercer E.D. , Prestemon J.P. , Pye J.M. , Holmes T.P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We modeled and analyzed the economic impacts of the six weeks of large, catastrophic wildfires in northeastern Florida in June and July 1998, among Florida's most devastating in recent history. The result of the unusually strong El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in 1998, the Florida wildfires produced economic impacts of at least $600 million, similar in scale to recent category-2 hurricanes. Improved understanding of the interactions between management, wildfire, and its costs may yield large payoffs to society by identifying optimal intervention activities.
Empowering Private Forest Landowners: Lessons from Pennsylvania, Alabama, and Oregon
Authors: Jones S.B. , Glover G.R. , Finley J.C. , Jacobson M.G. , Reed A.S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This overview and the accompanying case studies (Finley and Jacobson, Glover and Jones, and Reed) showcase three models for encouraging forest stewardship through informal education. All three cases are rooted in a fundamental premise that knowledge leads to better forestry decisions by landowners. Each case characterizes and emphasizes the importance of partnerships and shared domains, generating leveraged resources and enhanced impact. Through forestry extension and the multiple partnerships involved with educating private forest landowners, we can achieve greater sustainability on the nation's 278 million acres of private forests.
Brief parenting intervention (Triple P) for families of children with eczema: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mitchell Amy E , Morawska Alina , Casey Emily , Forbes Elana , Filus Ania , Fraser Jennifer , Rowell David , Johnston Aimee , Birch Stephen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and costs of a brief, group-delivered parenting intervention for families of children with eczema.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial design was used. Families attending the Queensland Children’s Hospital and from the community (n = 257) were assessed for eligibility (child 2–10 years, diagnosed with eczema, prescribed topical corticosteroids). Families who consented to participate (N = 59) were assessed at baseline for clinician-rated eczema severity, parent-reported eczema symptom severity, and electronically-monitored topical corticosteroid adherence (primary outcomes); and parenting behavior, parents’ self-efficacy and task performance when managing eczema, eczema-related child behavior problems, and child and parent quality of life (secondary outcomes). Families were randomized (1:1, unblinded) to intervention (n = 31) or care-as-usual (n = 28). The intervention comprised two, 2-hr Healthy Living Triple P group sessions (face-to-face/online) and 28 intervention families attended one/both sessions. All families were offered standardized eczema education. Families were reassessed at 4-weeks post-intervention and 6-month follow-up, with clinician-raters blinded to condition. Costs of intervention delivery were estimated.

Results
Multilevel modeling across assessment timepoints showed significant intervention effects for ineffective parenting (d = .60), self-efficacy (d = .74), task performance (d = .81), and confidence with managing eczema-related child behavior (d = .63), but not disease/symptom severity, treatment adherence or quality of life. Mean cost per participating family with parenting behavior (clinically) improved was $159.

Conclusions
Healthy Living Triple P is effective in reducing ineffective parenting practices and improving parents’ self-efficacy and task performance when managing children’s eczema and eczema-related behavior difficulties. There was no effect on disease/symptom severity, treatment adherence, or quality of life.

Clinical Trial Registration
ACTRN12618001332213
“Too Clean, Too White”: Resistance to the Racial Politics of Hygiene in Helena María Viramontes’s Under the Feet of Jesus
Authors: Galentine Cassandra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The central characters of Helena María Viramontes’s 1996 novel about Mexican American farm workers, Under the Feet of Jesus, are plagued by dirt and grime wherever they go. Subsequently, these characters frequently face racial discourses of hygiene—popular forms of communication (advertisements, public health education, etc.) that associate cleanliness with whiteness and wealth, and dirtiness with poverty and nonwhite identity. Through their encounters with dirt, cleaning products, and racial discourses of hygiene, Viramontes’s characters demonstrate how ideas about cleanliness inform US racial formation. In particular, the novel’s engagement with the American ideals of white cleanliness foisted on the central teenage farm worker, Estrella, and her family reveals how personal hygiene is weaponized as a tool of neoliberalism to obscure the material conditions of laborers and the systemic environmental racism they face. In the novel, individual hygiene is presented, most often by white or white-coded characters, as the path toward environmental, racial, and economic justice in ways that distract from the structural roots of the environmental injustices nonwhite farm workers face daily. Through white color imagery and active engagement with dirty materiality, Under the Feet of Jesus challenges racial discourses of hygiene and demonstrates systemic and restorative ways of thinking about public health and the value of communal care.