bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Respiration when Changing to Different Postures
Authors: OWE‐LARSSON A. O. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.When changing an anaesthetized rabbit from a horizontal to a head‐up position, a considerable decrease in ventilation was obtained, this being greater at 90° than at 45°. There was a decrease both in frequency and amplitude. When reverting to the horizontal position, an accelerated respiration above the normal was caused, but the normal state afterwards returned.When changing the animal to the head‐down positions the effect was not so pronounced as in the above mentioned case. The frequency was not largely affected or increased, whereas the amplitude showed a decided decrease. Thus the former often increased the ventilation, while the latter decreased it. Ventilation decreased in general.After the denervation of the two sinus regions, the same effect was brought about in the head‐up positions as has been described for intact animals. There seemed, however, to be a tendency to a relatively greater decrease in the amplitude than in the frequency in comparison with intact animals. There was generally speaking an increase in frequency and a decrease in amplitude in the head‐down positions.After dividing the vagi the decrease in ventilation when changing to the head‐up positions was as great as in intact animals. The decrease was brought about by considerable decrease in amplitude. Frequency increased in both experiments. A slight increase in frequency and decrease in amplitude was obtained with, the head‐down positions.A decrease in ventilation was obtained both before and after the denervation in an experiment on cat when changing to the head‐up position, and this, too, was usually the case with the head‐down. The decrease in amplitude played the decisive part.
Influence of Oxygen Inhalation on the Chemo‐receptor Activity of the Sinus Region in Babbits
Authors: HEJNEMAN EVERT 
Published: December 2008

Summary.In rabbits oxygen inhalation seems to have the same influence on the chemoreceptor activity of the sinus region, as had been established earlier for cats and dogs; with the modification, however, that the decrease of the blood pressure in the intact animal was legs constant.
A Method for Transecting the Pituitary Stalk of the Bat
Authors: BROLIN SVEN ELOV 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Investigations by various authors into the effect of transections of the pituitary stalk upon the action exercised by the pituitary gland on other organs have given varying results. This disagreement, at any rate when the rat has been used as experimental animal, seems to be partially due to the fact that no sufficiently reliable method for transecting the pituitarity stalk has been described. In the present paper a method of severing the pituitary stalk of the rat is submitted by which the stalk can be approached by the parapharyngeal route and severed under ocular control. Of nine rats operated on by this method it gave in six cases complete section and in two partial section with pars‐tuberalis cells remaining in continuity with the anterior lobe.
Altersveränderungen des Berührungssinnes: Druckpunktschwellen und Druckpunktfrequenz.
Authors: RONGE HANS 
Published: December 2008

Zusammenfassung.Die Altersveränderungen der Anzahl Druckpunkte und der Reizschwellen auf der volaren Seite der Handwurzel wurden studiert. Die Resultate sind folgende:

Indem man in Serien von Reizen mit einem Ästhesiometer die Anzahl Empfindungen in einem bestimmten Hautbereich bei steigenden Reizstärken bestimmt, erhält man einen Grenzwert, der die optimale, d. h. alle Druckpunktschwellen erreichende Reizstärke angibt (Tab.).
Diese optimale Reizstärke nimmt mit steigendem Alter erheblich. ab (Abb. 2). Dies erklärt sich wakrscheinlich durch eine mit dem Alter zunehmende Deformierbarkeit der Haut (Epidermis).
Die Anzahl Empfindungen bei optimaler Reizstärke ist ein Mass der Druckpunktdichte in dem Hautgebiet. Diese Werte erfahren eine bedeutende Reduktion mit steigendem Alter (Abb. 3). Während der Wachstumsjahre beruht dies in erster Linie auf der fortschreitenden Flächenvergrösserung des Körpers. In der Zeit zwischen dem Abschluss des Wachstums und dem Senium, wo die Druckpunktinvolution nach wie vor deutlich bemerkbar ist, muss die Ursache in einer fortschreitenden Involution der berührungs‐rezipierenden Nervenendigungen der Haut zu suchen sein.
Diese Druckpunktinvolution stimmt gut mit der von dem Verfasser früher beschriebenen Altersinvolution der Meissner‐schen Nervenendkörperchen in der Fingerhaut überein. Dies kann jedoch nicht als Beweis für eine berührungsrezipierende Funktion der Meissnerschen Körperchen aufgefasst werden.
Die Untersuchungsresultate schliessen nicht aus, dass die Altersinvolution der Druckpunkte ziemlich kontinuierlich während des ganzen Lebens weitergeht und also keine banale, senile Veränderung ist.
Stretch Potentials of Skeletal Muscle
Authors: BJURSTEDT K. , SOHMITERLÖW O. G. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.True stretch potentials from the surface of striated injured muücle (frog's gastrocnemius and sartorius, rabbit's tibialis anterior) have been recorded.The cause of the normal stretch potential is partly ascribed to a, lengthening of the distance between the source of demarcation E. M. F. and the leading‐off point on the uninjured surface of the muscle during the stretching.Denervation or treatment with curare did not affect the stretch potential.Potassium and calcium salts, as well as novocaine, were found to change the shape of the normal stretch electrogram. It is suggested that these changes are caused by depolarization phenomena in the surface of the uninjured part of the muscle.Soaking the muscle in hypotonic Ringer's solution or washing the muscle after potassium treatment caused a reversal in the stretch potential (relative polarization).
Fasting Values of Blood Sugar, RQ, and Alveolar CO2 Tension on High and Low Carbohydrate Diet.
Authors: LUNDBÆK KNUD 
Published: December 2008

Summary.On examining a number of subjects on a high carbohydrate diet (averaging 512 g carbohydrate daily) and on a low carbohydrate diet (averaging 135 g carbohydrate daily) the following results mere obtained:

Fasting blood sugar was unaffected by the diet, averaging 89 mg % on a high carbohydrate diet, 88 mg % on a low carbohydrate diet.
The RQ averaged 0.848 on the high carbohydrate diet, 0.755 on the low carbohydrate. This relation between the carbohydrate content of the diet and the fasting RQ corresponds closely to what can be inferred from the earlier literature.
The fasting alveolar CO2 tension averaged 42.1 mm on a high carbohydrate diet, 39.2 mm on a low carbohydrate diet. It is shown that there is an individual level of the CO2 tension which varies with the carbohydrate content of the diet.
On the Effect of Cyanide on the Respiration of Yeast.
Authors: ASTRUP POUL , STEENSHOLT GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.After an introductory review of the activating effects of cyanide on cell respiration described in the literature, the authors report a similar effect with yeast cells, which under certain conditions show a strong increase in oxygen uptake under the action of cyanide. The possible interpretations of the phenomenon are briefly discussed.
Experimental Studies on Kidney Function during Sulphate Diuresis 4. Investigations on the Kidney Function in Rabbits with Chronic Tubular Nephritis a. m. Frandsen.1
Authors: SCHOU PER 
Published: December 2008

Summary.In rabbits with chronic tubular nephritis produced experimentally by means of potassium bichromate a. m. Frandsen sulphate diuresis experiments have been performed according to the principles previously laid down by the author (schou, 1943).In this way very low figures for the urine‐C.index (down to 1.03) are obtained and correspondingly high figures for the Excr. %, for water (up to 97 %) and for the dissolved substances here examined, namely sulphate, urea, and glucose, expressing a virtual cessation of the reabsorption in the tubules.For chlorine, however, the ability of reabsorption is in some degree retained.The features characteristic of the sulphate diuresis in healthy animals thus prove to apply also when the tubules are almost quite destroyed, which fact affords support for the theory that a failing tubular function is in any case the most important factor in the mechanism of the sulphate diuresis.
Phosphate Exchange between Blood and Muscle Tissue Under the Influence of Insulin.
Authors: KJERULF‐JENSEN KAJ , LUNDSGAARD EINAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.By means of experiments on artificially perfused living hind‐limb preparations of cats the authors investigated the phosphate exchange between plasma and muscular tissue. The addition of insulin produced the familiar reduction of plasma phosphate as an indication of an immigration of phosphate ions in the musculature in excess of the emigration, but otherwise no alteration in the exchange of phosphate ions between plasma and muscles.Both before and after the addition of insulin the quantity of phosphate ion immigrating per time unit is so slight in proportion to the simultaneously assimilated quantity of glucose that a passage of the glucose into the muscle cells in the form of hexo‐sephosphates formed from the inorganic phosphates of the plasma may be regarded as out of the question.
The Dark‐Adaptation of Mammalian Visual Receptors.
Authors: GRANIT RAGNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Dark‐adaptation has been followed in cats and guinea pigs by measuring the absolute threshold of single or highly restricted discharges, isolated with micro‐electrodes.The curies obtained are of different types, as illustrated in fig. 1.The different adaptation curves can be explained by the assumption that there are two kinds of rods converging in different proportion towards the same fibre in the optic nerve, (i) real rods and (ii) cone‐like rods with adaptive properties similar to those of cones.
On Serum Copper. II. Technique of Analysis.
Authors: NIELSEN A. LEVIN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Description is given of the author's modification of Mcfarlane's Method for determination of the copper content of blood and serum by means of diethyl‐dithiocarbamate.Experiments show that acid ashing and trichloroacetic acid treatment give the same results.For alkalinization the addition of ammonia in excess is unsuitable as it may be precipitated in the amyl alcohol as ammonium carbonate. In determinations on whole blood the presence of iron after ashing may cause an error which is avoided most easily by adding the thiocarbamate dissolved in a solution of pyrophosphate.
Dark Adaptation and Inhalation of Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: ABRAMSON E. , HEYMAN T. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Inhalation of carbon monoxide, producing contents of carbon monoxide haemoglobin up to 30 %, causes a diminution of dark adaptation, sometimes considerable sometimes smaller or none. It cannot be excluded that this condition may have practical significance for motorcar driving in the dark, e. g., in conjunction with dazzle when meeting.
The Cholesterol Content in Rabbit Serum
Authors: HOFFMEYER JØRGEN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The cholesterol content has hen determined in the serum of more than two hundred white land rabbits. The average value for all animals was found to be 40.8 nig per cent, the averagc value for the fernale rabbits being about 10 mg per cent higher than for male rabbitn. A report is given of experiments showing variations in the same animal froui day to day. Further the influence of different degrees of bleeding anaemia, inanition, ether narcosis and surgical operations is described.
Wirkung von Arsen auf respiratorisclier Gas‐wechsel und Blutstroni beim Mensclien.
Authors: LILJESTRAND G. 
Published: December 2008

Zusammenfassung.Bei drei Versuchspersonen bewirkte die tägliche Verabreichung von 3 mg Arsentrioxyd im Laufe von 23–29 Tagen keine Änderung des respiratorischen Gaswechsels und auch keine sichere Änderung des Herzminutenvolumens. Dagegen trat eine kleine Erhöhung der Pulsfrequenz während Ruhebedingungen ein.
On the Chemical Nature of the Thermolabile Fraction of the Reticulocyte Ripening Principle.
Authors: JACOBSEN ERIK 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Some attempts to isolate the thermolabile fraction of the reti‐culocyte ripening principle from dessicated hog stomach are described.This gastric factor is found dialysable and when purified very little soluble in water. It is very labile. The factor can be divided into two fractions, one soluble and one insoluble in methanol. The strongest preparation from dessiccated hog stomach contains 75 % xanthine which can be isolated from the gastrix extract.Pure synthetic xanthine has a slight ripening effect. Hypo‐xanthine, 3‐methylxanthine, 4‐amino 5 formylamino 2–6 dio‐xypyrimidine, alloxan and alloxanthine have the same effect. Little or no effect have guanine, uric acid, theobromine, theo‐phylline, coffeine, 4‐amino 2–6 dioxypyrimidine, 4–5 diamino 2–6 dioxypyrimidine and barbituric acid.When xanthine is heated dry the ripening effect is not altered, but when heated in water, the effect disappears to reappear after standing.
On the Peptidase Activity in Papain Preparations.
Authors: ÅGREN GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.It has been demonstrated that papain preparations contain an aminopolypeptidase with a substrate specificity of the same type as that of the corresponding enzyme present in the hogs pyloric and duodenal mucosa. Based on recent experimental evidence the view is advanced that the intrinsic factor of Castle may occur in certain vegetable material.The writer is indebted to the Johan and Therese Andeisson's Memorial Fund and the Ferrosan Corporation for their grants which supported the present investigation. He further acknowledges his thanks to Miss Ahlquist for her valuable assistance throughout the investigation.
Experimental
Authors: Hakon Lund 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The affinity of pancreas lipase for triacetin, tripropionin, tri‐butyrin, trivalerin and tricaproin has been investigated in homogeneous solution without activators and in the presence of bile salts, calcium chloride and egg albumin.

The solubilities in water at 30°C were determined for the triglycerides examined.
The initial velocity of hydrolysis varied directly as the enzyme concentration.
The initial velocities were directly proportional to substrate concentration in the systems without and with activators. The affinity of pancreas lipase for the triglycerides in homogeneous solution thus being extremely low.
The relative initial velocities for the hydrolysis of five triglycerides in homogeneous solution by pancreas lipase are given.
The Action of Ergotamine on the Chemical and Mechanical Reflexes from the Carotid Sinus Region.
Authors: EULER U. S. V. , SCHMITERLÖW C. G. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Ergotarnine in small doses (0.1 mg/kg) inhibits selectively the. carotid sinus pressor reflex, elicited by lowering the intrs carotid pressure, whereas the response to chemical stimuli, such as hypoxia. cyanides, or nicotine, still can be obtained, not only on respiration but also on the blood pressure.If a pressor response to carotid occlusion still occurs after ergotamine, it disappears when oxygen is administered. The effect in the former case is then due to occlusion hypoxia which stimulates the chemoreceptors connected with the vasomotor system.It could be shown that the abolishment of the sinus pressor reflex, following administration of ergotamine, is not due to an effect upon the receptors, since the action potentials set up in the sinus nerve by the intrasinusal pressure can still be elicited.Treatment of the experimental animal with small doses of ergotamine affords a convenient way of suppressing the sinus and aortic presso‐regulating system.
On the Occurrence of‘ a Thiamin Inactivitting Factor in Some Species of Swedish Fish.
Authors: LIECK HERBERT , AGREN GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Among 21 analyzed species of fresh water fishes coming from the Baltic Sea or from Swedish lakes, the prewnce of a thiamin inactivating factor was demonstrated in 10. Of these 9 belonged to the carp family. Of 9 salt water fishes 1 contained the factor. The character of the thiamin inactivating factor is discussed.
The Motor Effect of Adenosine Triphosphate and Allied Phosphorus Compounds on Smooth Mammalian Muscle1
Authors: BUCHTHAL FRITZ , KAHLSON GEORG 
Published: December 2008

Summary.

With the following substances investigated for their action on smooth muscle by close arterial injection in the stomach and the bladder of the cat it was demonstrated that: Sodium‐, potassium‐, and lithium adenosine triphosphate release contraction, while adenosine diphosphate, adenosine diphosphate + ortho‐phosphate, adenylic acid, adenylic acid + pyrophosphate, inorganic tripolyphosphate, pyrophosphate and orthophosphate applied isoosmotically as sodium salts at pH 7.3 are ineffective.
Potassium adenosine triphosphate depresses the reaction of the smooth muscle to subsequent injections of sodium adenosine triphosphate, while the action of lithium adenosine triphosphate remains uninfluenced.
The isolated small intestine of the guinea‐pig contracts after application of the different salts of adenosine triphosphate, while the other phosphates investigated are without effect. Pyrophosphate makes an exception and may cause contraction.
None of the phosphorus compounds investigated exests B relaxing effect on the stomach:mi bladder of the cat or on the small intestine of the guinea‐pig.
The experiments presented in the present and the preceding papers suggest that adenosine triphosphate acts as a further link in the humoral mechanism involved in the release of contraction, the substance possibly being activated by the liberation of acetylcholine.
On the Distribution of Aspnrnginase
Authors: STEENSHOLT GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.It is found that asparaginase occurs in the livers of certain cold‐blooded animals. The method used consists in preparing enzyme extracts with aqueous glycerol and saccharose solutions as solvents, and in following the hydrolytic cleavage of asparagine during the enzymic reaction by means of the Willståtter and Waldschmidt‐Leitz method of titration in alcoholic solution. The work of Clementi could not be supported.
The Parification of Aminopolypeptidase from the Cattle Muscle.
Authors: ÁGREN GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The aminonolypeptidase from the cattle diaphragm muscle has been obtained in a state of high purity. The enzyme is a carbohydrate‐free protein with an isolelectric point close to pH 4.6.The writer is indebted to the Johail and Therere Anderssons Minne foundation for grants which supported the present investigation. He further acknodedges the valuahle assistance of Mrs Åqren throughout the investigation.
Piperidine as a Normal Pressor Constituent of Human Urine
Authors: von EULER U. S. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Normal human urine from non‐smokers contains piperidine up to 10 mg and more per litre, corresponding to a nicotine activity of about 0.5 mg per litre. After ether extraction and steam destillation the piperidine could be isolated as crystalline pitrate, as previously demonstrated for cow's urine (Euler, 1944).The pressor activity of ether extracts of normal human urine is chiefly due to piperidine as shown by a comparison of the biological action and the colorimetrically determined piperidine in urine extracts.Urine from horse, pig, cat and rabbit contains piperidine in similar amounts as in human urine.
Body Temperature and Capacity for Work
Authors: ASMUSSEN ERLING , BØJE OVE 
Published: December 2008

Summary.It is a well established fact that the body temperature increases during muscular exercise, and that the increase is regulated (NIELSEN, 1938). It was the purpose of this paper to study the effect of the increased body temperature on the performance of maximum work, viz. a work performance of short duration (12 to 15 seconds) and a work performance lasting 4 to 5 minutes. The effect on a peak effort (a “push” or a “pull”) was also studied.The experiments showed:

A given amount of work could be performed better – i. e. in a shorter time – when the organism was warmed up by a preliminary work. Also a greater muscular tension could be developed when “warmed up” than when not.
A passive warming up – e. g. by means of radio diathermy or by hot baths – also increased the capacity for work.
Massage had no beneficial effect on the performance.
The harder the preliminary work was, the higher rose the temperature and the better was the performance (only demonstrated in the work of shorter duration (12 to 15 sec.)).
The increased ability to perform hard work is closely correlated to the temperature of the working muscles.
The maximum oxygen uptake is slightly higher when the organism is warmed up than when this is not the case, but the oxygen necessary for a certain amount of work is reduced.

From these results it is concluded that a higher temperature in the muscles benefits the ability to perform work by accelerating the chemical processes in the muscles, probably also by decreasing the intramuscular viscous resistance. The accurately regulated higher rectal temperature in work (NIELSEN) allows the muscles to obtain a higher temperature during work than would otherwise be possible.
The Influence of Adrenal Cortex on the Cholesterol Content in Rabbit Serum
Authors: HOFFMEYER JØRGEN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The cholesterol content has been determined in the serum of rabbits after transplantation of adrenals, injection of adrenal cortical preparations and removal of one or both adrenals. In special experiments it could be demonstrated that adrenal cortical hormone was really transferred by the transplantation technique employed. After transplantation of adrenals and after injection of adrenal cortical extract of the SWINGLE‐PFIFFNER‐type a hypercholesterolemia could be demonstrated, as an expression of the presence of a hormone with cholesterol‐increasing effect in the adrenal cortex; this hormone is not identical with desoxycorticosteronacetate. After adrenalectomy no certain alterations in the serum cholesterol, corresponding to decreased or excluded adrenal cortical function, could be demonstrated.
Studies on Serum Phosphatase Activity in Relation to Experimental Biliary Obstruction in Rabbits. I
Authors: JALLING OLAF , LAURSEN THOMAS , VOLQVARTZ KIRSTEN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The problem concerning the mechanism of the development of hyperphosphatasemia in obstructive jaundice has been taken up for renewed examination on rabbits, which have been found suitable for such experiments.1. The increase in serum phosphatase after ligation of the common bile duct starts immediately and reaches a maximal value 15 to 20 times greater than the normal value in about 15 hours, followed by a slow drop during the next days.2. The increase in the serum phosphatase is a real rise in the amount of phosphatase.3. The increase in serum phosphatase is not released from the common bile duct.4. The results of the experiments do not support the “activiation theory”. Nor can they be explained by the absence of bile in the intestine.5. The retention of bile phosphatase alone cannot explain the hyperphosphatasemia.