bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
pI‐based phosphopeptide enrichment combined with nanoESI‐MS
Authors: Hung Chien‐Wen , Kübler Dieter , Lehmann Wolf D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIEF is introduced as a new principle for enrichment and separation of phosphopeptides as obtained after digestion of phosphoproteins by trypsin. Tryptic peptides and phosphopeptides exhibit pI values, which overlap in the range of about 4–6. However, after methyl esterification of all carboxyl functions, the pI values of tryptic peptides and phosphopeptides regroup in discrete clusters. In addition, mono‐ and diphosphorylated peptides show different but very homogeneous pI values, with variations when internal Arg, Lys, or His residues are present. Experimentally, this new concept was applied for separation of model peptides on IPG strips pH 3–10 as used in the first dimension of 2‐DE. After IEF of methyl‐esterified peptides, the IPG strip was cut into pieces followed by peptide extraction, desalting and MS analysis by nanoESI‐MS. Phosphopeptides were found to focus in good agreement with their calculated pI values. This analytical strategy showed a resolution of about 0.2 pI units, and thus turned out to be capable of detecting minor differences in pI values, such as those occurring between pSer, pThr and pTyr residues. Using IPG strips with a pI range of 3–10, methyl esterified nonphosphorylated tryptic peptides are concentrated in the basic part of the IPG strip or even leave the strip. Thus, efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides and their subfractionation according to pI is obtained in one step. Minor hydrolytic side reactions including deamidation of Asn and partial hydrolysis of methyl esters are observed. The results show that IEF opens attractive avenues for the further advancement of analytical phosphoproteomics.
Applicability of different fluorescent dyes for isoform quantification on linear IPG gels
Authors: Schriebl Kornelia , Trummer Evelyn , Weik Robert , Lattenmayer Christine , Müller Dethardt , Kunert Renate , Katinger Hermann , Vorauer‐Uhl Karola 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor biotechnological research, development, and production various analytical methods are required to determine the quality of the target product. In this context, the determination of isoforms is state‐of‐the‐art; however, the majority of applied techniques are more qualitative than quantitative. To address this fact, we evaluated different post‐ and pre‐electrophoretic staining dyes for their applicability on linear IPG gels using recombinant human erythropoietin as a model protein. Each evaluated dyes was able to detect all isoforms reproducibly, but CyDyes were found to be the most promising. Using CyDyes, up to three samples can be focused on the same lane under identical electrophoretic conditions, thus, a fast, reproducible, sensitive and quantitative isoform determination can be performed. To illustrate the practical relevance, quantitative CyDye technique was used for the characterization of our model protein, recombinant human Epo‐Fc. This method makes it possible to determine the isoform pattern of nonpurified supernatants as well as purified proteins. We conclude that quantitative pre‐electrophoretic staining IEF using CyDyes is a fast, simple, accurate method to determine isoforms, which can be used in research, development, and manufacturing for product quality analysis, e.g., clone screening, process optimization, and purification monitoring.
Nuclear protein profiling of Jurkat cells during heat stress‐induced apoptosis by 2‐DE and MS/MS
Authors: Yuan Xiaoqin , Kuramitsu Yasuhiro , Furumoto Hiroko , Zhang Xiulian , Hayashi Eiko , Fujimoto Masanori , Nakamura Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHeat stress causes severe constraints on numerous physiological functions of cells, such as the repression of splicing of mRNA precursors. In this study, we performed proteomic profiling of a nuclear fraction of Jurkat cells during heat stress using 2‐DE and LC‐MS/MS. We found 10 protein spots whose expression had changed after heat stress at 43°C for 30 min. Seven of those protein spots, periodic tryptophan protein 1 homolog (PWP1), importin β‐1 subunit, sumoylated protein, splicing factor 3a subunit 3 (SF3a3), TAR DNA‐binding protein 43, U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor 35 kDa subunit (U2AF35) and small ubiquitin‐related modifier‐1 (SUMO‐1) were downregulated, while three other protein spots, Protein SET, 40S ribosomal protein SA and 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 were upregulated by the heat stress. We focused on the downregulation of two splicing factors, which might participate in the repression of pre‐mRNA processing by heat stress, leading to cell apoptosis.
Rapid isoelectric trapping in a micropreparative‐scale multicompartment electrolyzer
Authors: Lim Peniel , North Robert , Vigh Gyula 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA multicompartmental electrolyzer called membrane‐separated wells for isoelectric focusing and trapping (MSWIFT) has been developed and tested for micropreparative‐scale isoelectric trapping separations. In the MSWIFT, the length of the heat conduction path from the center of the compartments to the wall is less than 1 mm. The compartments are made from 99.8% nonporous alumina that has a high heat conductivity and a high specific heat capacity, leading to adequate Joule heat dissipation even at power loads as high as 5 W. The length of any compartment parallel to the electric field (the intermembrane distance) can be selected to be multiples of 1.5 mm, leading to compartment volumes that are multiples of about 60 μL. A maximum of 20 (1.5 mm long) separation compartments can be readily assembled in the current version of MSWIFT. The MSWIFT has been used to desalt samples, isolate small ampholytic components (amino acids, peptides, and dyes), prefractionate complex protein mixtures and enrich minor components; these separations were achieved in 20–60 min.
Scanning copy number and gene expression on the 18q21‐qter chromosomal region by the systematic multiplex PCR and reverse transcription‐PCR methods
Authors: Yamamoto Fumiichiro , Yamamoto Miyako 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe examined differences in copy number and expression of 127 genes located on the 18q21‐qter chromosomal region of the breast and prostate cancer cell lines, using the systematic multiplex PCR and reverse transcription‐PCR (SM PCR and SM RT‐PCR) methods that we developed. Semi‐quantitative data were obtained that were comparable in quality, but not in quantity, to data from DNA microarray hybridization analysis. In the chromosomal region where losses are frequent in breast, prostate, and other cancers, we detected a homozygous deletion of the SMAD4 gene in the MDA‐MB‐468 breast cancer cell line. We also observed partial or entire loss of expression in genes such as CCBE1, CCDC11, CD226, NP_115536.1, NP_689683.2, RNF152, SERPINB8, and TCF4 in certain breast and/or prostate cancer cell lines. An increase in gene expression was rare, but found with the transcription factor ONECUT2 gene in all of the cancer cell lines examined. Real‐time qRT‐PCR experiments confirmed these SM RT‐PCR results. Further analysis of clinical specimens of breast cancer by real‐time qRT‐PCR demonstrated that the gene expression of CCBE1, TCF4, NP_115536.1, and NP_689683.2 was downregulated in the majority of clinical cases of breast cancer.
Cushioning the pressure vibration of a zeolite concentrator system using a decoupled balancing duct system
Authors: Chang Feng‐Tang , Lin Yu‐Chih 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA honeycomb Zeolite Rotor Concentrator (HZRC) is the main air pollution control device utilized by many semiconductor and optoelectronics manufacturers. Various plant exhaust streams are collected and then transferred to the HZRC for decontamination. In a conventional HZRC, the exhaust fan movement and the switching between different air ducts can cause significant duct pressure variations resulting in production interruption. The minimization of pressure fluctuations to ensure continuous operation of production lines while maintaining a high volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal efficiency is essential for exhaust treatment in these high technology manufactures. The article introduces a decoupled balancing duct system (DBDS) for controlling the airflows to achieve a balanced pressure in the HZRC system by adding a flow rate control device to the VOCs loaded stream bypass duct of a conventional system. Performance comparisons of HZRC with DBDS and other air flow control systems used by the wafer manufacturers in Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan are presented. DBDS system had been proved effectively to stabilize the pressure in the airflow ducts, and thus avoided pressure fluctuations; it helped to achieve a high VOCs removal efficiency while ensuring the stability of the HZRC. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2007
Initiation of motion of a free‐standing body to base excitation
Authors: Tung C. C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study is concerned with the conditions for the initiation of various modes of response of a free‐standing rigid body, initially at rest, placed on a frictional horizontal base which undergoes earthquake‐like accelerations in both the horizontal and vertical directions. These conditions are derived using equations of motion appropriate for each mode of motion. The analysis shows that an equivalent horizontal base acceleration may be constructed by dividing the time history of horizontal base acceleration by the sum of gravitational acceleration and the time history of vertical base acceleration. The criteria governing each mode of response of a body of given aspect ratio are then presented graphically with the magnitude of the equivalent base acceleration as abscissa and the coefficient of friction between the body and the base as ordinate. The study shows that a body is more stable while the vertical base acceleration is upwards than when it is absent as expected. When the vertical base acceleration is downwards, although the body is very likely to be lifted off the base, it is nevertheless possible to rock, and slide and rock simultaneously provided the value of coefficient of friction is sufficiently high and the downward vertical base acceleration is not too different from gravitational acceleration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed object‐based software environment for urban system integrated simulation under urban‐scale hazard—Part I: Infrastructure
Authors: Hassanien Serror M. , Inoue Junya , Hori Muneo , Fujino Yozo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a distributed object‐based software environment (DOSE) has been developed to facilitate the integrated simulation of an urban system under the risk of urban‐scale hazards such as earthquakes. It is understood that individual simulation participants perform their simulation services in separate environments, bartering service exchange relationships to get what they need to resolve their part of the problem. This is the communication gap between the scientists on one side and the end users who need to understand knowledge and employ it on the other side. The authors envision a distributed simulation service software environment running in parallel with the activities of simulation participants. DOSE has lent itself to integrate interdisciplinary participants through an infrastructure that has three basic building blocks, namely: modularity, scalability, and interoperability. The modular, object‐based, design of DOSE architecture is described in terms of key functionalities of four distinct layers, namely: resource, core, domain, and interface layers. DOSE scalability in terms of urban system size and participant third‐party application complexity is enabled through the interface layer. A message passing model is developed using the Message Passing Interface standard and a control room is provided to schedule the interaction/communication among model processes. DOSE interoperability with the vulnerability analysis third‐party applications is enabled through the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard. An adopted analogy between DOSE and construction industry is employed to provide interpretation and implementation for DOSE interoperability. While interfacing IFC object model to solve DOSE interoperability questions, an extension model for the structural view of IFC is proposed and accepted by the International Alliance for Interoperability. The DOSE application for real‐world urban systems is beyond the scope of this paper and is presented in an accompanying paper work. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analytic model to simulate leakage current of a snow‐covered insulator
Authors: Javadi H. , Farzaneh M. , Hemmatjou H. , Fofana I. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper an analytic model allowing simulating the electrical characteristics and the leakage current of a snow‐covered insulator is proposed. For that purpose, leakage current through a snow‐covered insulator was monitored under high alternative voltage at a temperature of −12°C. From the measured voltage–current characteristics, it was found that the voltage across snow and the leakage current flowing through the snow‐covered insulator were almost in the same phase. However, the resistance of snow was found to be non‐linear, as it decreases with an increase in voltage across snow. Based on the experimental results, a mathematical model enabling to simulate the leakage current was elaborated. This model shows that the leakage current through snow can be expressed as an exponential function of the voltage across snow, depending on the density and conductivity of the water melted from the snow. The comparison of results obtained by the analytical model and those by experiment shows a good correlation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ad‐CoopPositioning System (ACPS): positioning for cooperative users in hybrid cellularad‐hocnetworks
Authors: Frattasi Simone , Monti Marco 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an innovative solution for positioning determination in fourth generation (4G) wireless networks by introducing theAd‐CoopPositioning System (ACPS). The ACPS is supported by a hybrid cellularad‐hocarchitecture, where the cellular network has a centralised control over thead‐hocconnections among pairs of mobiles. Specifically, peer‐to‐peer (P2P) communications are exploited in a mesh fashion within cellular‐established clusters for cooperation‐aided localisation purposes (from that, the wordad‐coopis derived). The major contribution of this work is the design of the data fusion method for the ACPS which appropriately combines and weights the long‐ and short‐range location information in a non‐linear least square (NLLS) minimisation procedure. The numerical results shown in the paper demonstrate that the ACPS enhances the location estimation accuracy with respect to conventional hybrid positioning techniques in cellular networks. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On a useful property of the complementary error function
Authors: Ermolova N. Y. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a property of the complementary error function that to the best of our knowledge has not been widely recognised. Meanwhile, this property can be useful for solving some practical problems in communications. Some examples where it can be utilised are problems of bit error rate (BER) performance evaluation in multi‐hop communication systems and low‐complexity adaptive power allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algorithms and applications of channel impulse response length estimation for MIMO‐OFDM
Authors: Krondorf M. , Liang T. J. , Goblirsch M. , Fettweis G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe performance of the widely applied time‐domain channel estimation for SISO‐ and MIMO‐OFDM systems strongly depends on the preciseness of information regarding maximum channel impulse response (CIR) length. In practice the required CIR length is usually approximated by the length of the cyclic prefix (CP) which is an upper bound for most of the actual instantaneous CIR length. In this article, we introduce an appropriate channel length estimation method—named as Frequency Domain Channel Length Indicator (FCLI) which estimates the CIR length minimising the estimated mean square error (MSE) of an instantaneous channel estimate. The simulation results present that the FCLI outperforms the approximation of CP length. In addition, we investigate two applications of FCLI on (1) CP adaptation OFDM systems in which we minimise the overhead of the CP by the estimated CIR length and (2) CP‐free OFDM systems in which we directly re‐construct the structure of cyclic repetition with reduced error. Compared to the traditional channel estimation with the approximation of CP length, the overall system throughput of either CP adaptation or CP‐free OFDM transmission scheme is significantly enhanced regardless of perfect synchronisation or practical distribution of time offsets. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resource allocation with minimum rates for OFDM broadcast channels
Authors: Huppert Carolin , Stender Boris 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDownlink transmissions with minimum rate requirements over orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) channels are commonly done by means of scheduling algorithms. However, regarding it from an information theoretical point of view, this is not optimal since broadcast techniques can achieve higher rates. The drawbacks of the optimum broadcast algorithm are that the signalling overhead is larger than for scheduling and also the computational complexity is much higher. In this paper we propose an algorithm which overcomes these points. This algorithm is a hybrid algorithm combining scheduling and broadcast approaches. Thus, it combines advantages of both methods. Furthermore, we present modifications to this algorithm to avoid irresolvable decoding dependencies. We show by means of simulation results that the proposed algorithm operates close to the optimum performance and that it outperforms a pure scheduling approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial multiplexing in pulse based ultrawideband communications
Authors: Sibille A. , Tran V. P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe performance of various spatial multiplexing (SM) schemes in ultrawideband pulse based (UWB) binary antipodal modulations is investigated. It is shown that the favourable spatial decorrelation properties of UWB signals allow to decouple spatial channels very effectively, and to reach excellent performance under moderate complexity at the receiver. The work presented here considers several detection methods such as zero forcing (ZF), minimum mean square error (MMSE) and maximum likelihood (ML) in order to cope with inter channel interference (ICI). Inter symbol interference (ISI) is investigated as well, and is shown to be moderate unless for extreme rates. In addition partial ISI suppression by iterative decision‐aided interference cancellation over a block of symbols is investigated in order to further increase the data rate. Simulations based on a double directional channel model exemplify these results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of accelerated ageing of building wires
Authors: Emanuelsson Viktor , Simonson Margaret , Gevert Thomas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe fire performance of two electric cables (building wires) designed for indoor use has been tested, both as new products and after accelerated thermooxidative ageing. The cables were aged for a maximum time of 16.5 weeks at 80°C. The cables are commercially available, and were constructed using a PVC material in one case and a non‐halogenated polyolefin‐based material, called Casico, in the other. The effects of ageing on the fire performance of the cables, and the chemical changes that have caused the observed fire behaviour, have been investigated and are discussed. Special attention is paid to the behaviour of the plasticizers that are used in the PVC cable, and how the fire behaviour is affected by the loss of plasticizers from the cable and by the migration of plasticizers between the parts of the cable (insulation, bedding and sheathing). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spontaneous ignition in storage and production lines: Investigation on wood pellets and protein powders
Authors: Pauner Martin Ankjer , Bygbjerg Henrik 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThree materials were tested in small‐scale baskets of cubic dimensions and analyses were performed based upon the results according to the Frank‐Kamenetskii (FK) method and the crossing point (CP) method. Comparison of the FK method and the CP method results was performed additionally. The activation energy E and the QA value were found. The relationship between critical ambient temperature and the storage size was determined as well as the relationship between CAT and time to maximum thermal runaway for the materials. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flammability characteristics at applied heat flux levels up to 200 kW/m2
Authors: Beaulieu Patricia A. , Dembsey Nicholas A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper documents the first of the two interrelated studies that were conducted to more fundamentally understand the scalability of flame heat flux, the motivation being that it has been reported that flame heat flux back to the burning surface in bench‐scale experiments is not the same as for large‐scale fires. The key aspect was the use of real scale applied heat flux up to 200kW/m2 which is well beyond that typically considered in contemporary testing. The main conclusions are that decomposition kinetics needs to be included in the study of ignition and the energy balance for steady burning is too simplistic to represent the physics occurring.An unexpected non‐linear trend is observed in the typical plotting methods currently used in fire protection engineering for ignition and mass loss flux data for several materials tested and this non‐linearity is a true material response. Using measured temperature profiles in the condensed phase shows that viewing ignition as an inert material process is
inaccurate at predicting the surface temperature at higher heat fluxes. The steady burning temperature profiles appear to be invariant with applied heat flux. This possible inaccuracy was investigated by obtaining the heat of gasification via the ‘typical technique’ using the mass loss flux data and comparing it to the commonly considered ‘fundamental’ value obtained from differential scanning calorimetry measurements. This comparison suggests that the ‘typical technique’ energy balance is too simplified to represent the physics occurring for any range of applied heat flux. Observed bubbling and melting phenomena provide a possible direction of study. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.