bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful long‐term coumadin anticoagulation of mice with prothrombin time monitoring
Authors: Ryan James J. , Orme S. Kirby , Wexler Hilda , Ketcham Alfred S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnimal studies involving prolonged anticoagulation have been few in number. In such studies the level of anticoagulation has infrequently been monitored and hemorrhagic complications have been common. A regimen of long‐term sodium warfarin anticoagulation was studied in several strains of mice using, with slight modification, the Miale micromethod of prothrombin time determination. The degree and course of the prothrombin time alteration with several warfarin dosages was determined over a 4‐week period. The method proved very sensitive to changes in warfarin dosage, and results obtained were reproducible to a degree sufficient to permit the selection of optimal warfarin dosages for normal and tumor‐bearing mice. On these dosages the mean prothrombin time remained within the range of 2–3 times the average normal value and hemorrhagic complications were entirely avoided. In studies with small animals these methods could facilitate the use of prolonged anticoagulation, permit accurate monitoring of the level of anticoagulation, and diminish the incidence of hemorrhagic complications.
The influence of zinc gluconate and casein hydrolysate on the fluid and tissue kinetics of zinc‐65 in the baboon prostate
Authors: Schoonees R. , De Klerk J. N. , Johnston G. S. , Murphy G. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clearance of 65Zn from the bloodstream following an intravenous injection of 65ZnCl2 was significantly delayed by the intravenous administration of stable zinc gluconate 15 min before and the addition of 5% casein hydrolysate to the 65ZnCl2. This resulted in a higher blood 65Zn concentration maintained for a longer period than was the case when only the 65ZnCl2 was injected. The uptake of 65Zn by a number of organs, especially the liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal, kidney, and caudal prostate, was suppressed by the addition of zinc gluconate and Amigen (5% casein hydrolysate) to the 65ZnCl2. The 65Zn uptake by the skin, testis, epididymis, bladder, and aorta was enhanced by adding zinc gluconate and Amigen to the 65ZnCl2. This also resulted in a raised pancreas/liver ratio. The caudal prostatic 65Zn uptake was significantly suppressed by the use of stable zinc gluconate prior to injection of 65ZnCl2. In both groups the caudal portion of the prostate responded much better to exogenous testosterone than the cranial portion. Zinc gluconate treatment, in general, prevented the rise in prostatic 65Zn uptake observed between the fourth hour and sixth day following the injection of 65ZnCl2. The higher blood 65Zn radioactivity and perhaps the blocking of 65Zn uptake sites in the kidney by stable zinc gluconate resulted in a much higher output of 65Zn in the urine than was the case when only 65 ZnCl2 was used. By the second day, however, the blood and urine concentration of 65Zn had returned to almost ‘normal’ values. The results obtained in this study, using baboons, assume great significance by virtue of their easier application to man than is the case in studies involving rats and dogs. The use of stable zinc gluconate in addition to 65ZnCl2 partially blocked the liver uptake of 65Zn. This may assist in successful pancreatic scanning. The stable zinc gluconate partially blocked the uptake by the prostate of subsequently injected 65Zn.
Prostatic carcinoma: Reflections on its natural history, diagnosis, and therapy
Authors: Schirmer Horst K. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe natural history of prostatic cancer is reviewed in brief with emphasis on transitions in cellular differentiation. Diagnostic features are appraised in conjunction with prognostication of the clinical course. Radical prostatectomy is considered the best form of treatment for the isolated prostatic nodule with preserved cellular differentiation. Endocrine therapy should be withheld until manifestations of cancer spread are evident.
Studies on the chemistry, antitumor activity, and pharmacology of ethyl Di‐(2,2 ‐dimethyl)ethylenamido phosphate (AB‐163)
Authors: Munson A. E. , Babbitt H. , Chmielewicz Z. F. , Bardos T. J. , Ambrus J. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAB‐163, a new alkylating agent containing the 2,2‐dimethylaziridine moiety, was found to be active against a number of transplanted and virus‐induced tumor systems in mice. This compound hydrolyzes in water at 37 C. The hydrolysis product was isolated and identified as ethanol and amino‐tert‐butyl phosphate. The compound was shown to react with the model nucleophile 4‐(p‐nitrobenzyl) pyridine (NBP) comparably to previously studied alkylating agents. The intravenous LD50 was 198 mg/kg and the intraperitoneal LD50 was 159 mg/kg in ICR/Ha male mice. In mice carrying Ehrlich ascites tumor (E‐2), 30 mg/kg of AB‐163 resulted in 95% tumor inhibition. In Sarcoma‐180 inoculated mice, 15 mg/kg caused a 20–30% apparent cure rate and a 62% tumor inhibition of the animals having tumors. Against Adenocarcinoma 755, 40 mg/kg exhibited a 60% cure rate and 50% tumor inhibition of the animals with tumors. Leukemia L1210 treated on days 1–11 was cured in 20–30% of the animals receiving 30 mg/kg of AB‐163 and there was a 76–170% increase in survival time in the remaining animals. In animals infected with Friend virus, a 40 mg/kg dose resulted in 65% reduction of splenic weight as compared to controls. Studies in dogs indicated that the main toxicity is hematopoietic depression. Terminally, depression of liver functions was observed. High doses produced central nervous system effects which manifested themselves in loss of appetite, vomiting, increased salivation, lethargy, and convulsions.
Histopathological changes in autotransplanted baboon kidneys after 24‐hour hyperbaric, hypothermic preservation perfusion
Authors: Weber H. W. , Van Zyl J. J. W. , Groenewald J. H. , Brede H. D. , Murphy G. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBaboon kidneys were preserved at 4 C and 3 atm for 24 hr. Thirty‐two kidneys were perfused with G.S.H. replacement solution or Plasmalyte B during preservation. Fifteen kidneys were flushed with the same solution prior to preservation but not perfused during preservation. Twenty‐six kidneys were flushed with serum prior to preservation and also not perfused during preservation. The preserved kidneys were autotransplanted to the iliac fossa. Histopathological studies of the kidneys were undertaken between the second and twenty‐fourth day after reinsertion. It was found that preservation perfusion was frequently accompanied by glomerular thrombosis, glomerular and interstitial fibrosis as well as endarteritis in many kidneys. These changes were rarely observed in unperfused preserved kidneys. The observed renal alterations are similar to those described in the literature as chronic pyelonephritis in long‐term studies of preserved dog kidneys.
Splenectomy in Felty's syndrome
Authors: Elias E. G. , Mittelman Arnold , Wieckowska Wanda , Shapiro S. , Jones Ralph 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, leukopenia, and neutropenia is rare. When it occurs, it could become complicated by infection that does not respond to antibiotics and steroid therapy. We feel that splenectomy should be carried out once the diagnosis of Felty's syndrome is made. In the presence of infection, prompt splenectomy should be done, even if the patient shows signs of systemic toxicity. Splenectomy is the most beneficial treatment and may prevent a fatal outcome in these cases. Splenectomy is usually followed by immediate hematologic response. Steroid therapy may alter the arthritic symptoms but has no effect in altering or controlling the infection in these cases, even if accompanied by antibiotic therapy. Radiation of the spleen may reduce its size, but does not prevent or control the infections in patients with Felty's syndrome.
Cytochemical study on the nature of nucleic acids in Epstein—Barr virus (EBV)
Authors: Chai L. S. , Horoszewicz J. S. , Grace J. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe nature of nucleic acids present in the nucleoids of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) was investigated with cytochemical methods. EBV infected cell cultures were embedded in glycol‐methacrylate and thin sections were exposed to DNase and RNase and examined in the electron microscope. The results showed disappearance of viral nucleoids after DNase treatment, which provided evidence that EBV contains DNA, as do other herpes viruses.
The effect of depostat (SH 582) on the baboon prostate
Authors: Schoonees R. , De Klerk J. N. , Murphy G. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe 4‐hr tissue Zn65 uptake, the prostatic, seminal vesicular, and testicular weight ratios, and the caudal prostatic radioisotopic blood flow rate were employed to determine the effect of norhydroxyprogesterone caproate (Depostat, Schering A.G., Berlin) on intact adult male Chacma baboons. The metabolism of the intravenously injected Zn65Cl2 is markedly altered by Depostat treatment. Depostat inhibits prostatic and seminal vesicular growth and/or function, as indicated by a statistically significant reduction of the Zn65 uptake and weight ratios of these organs. The testicular weight ratio is statistically significantly suppressed by Depostat treatment. This indicates that Depostat inhibits testicular function. The caudal prostatic radioisotopic blood flow rate is not significantly altered by Depostat treatment.
The false positive technetium‐99m hepatic scintiscan
Authors: Volpe J. A. , Morita E. T. , Johnston G. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInstances of false positive technetium‐99m hepatic scintiscans resulting from objects in a right jacket pocket, the interposition of an arm between the liver and the detector, the presence of deeply indented rib margins, and the presence of kidney shadows on the posterior scan are presented. Such false positive scans are caused by the easily shielded 140 kev gamma photon of technetium‐99m. The problem may be accentuated by the tomographic effect of the various focused rectilinear scanners currently in use. By anticipating these problems and by promptly repeating scans following corrective measures, misinterpretation of the technetium‐99m hepatic scintiscan may be avoided.
Ureteral obstruction following treatment of cervical carcinoma
Authors: Schoonees Rikus , Kenny Gerald M. , Moore Robert H. , Murphy Gerald P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBenign ureteral obstruction is a significant cause of uremia in patients treated for cervical carcinoma. In the present study, the records of 250 randomly selected patients treated for cervical carcinoma at Roswell Park Memorial Institute during the past 5 years were reviewed. The incidence of ureteral obstruction increased with the apparent clinical extent of the disease. This was associated with a rising BUN level. Following therapy there was a marked increase in the incidence of radiological hydronephrosis and a significantly raised BUN level. The importance of careful urological follow‐up of patients treated for cervical carcinoma in order to prevent renal damage from benign ureteral strictures is stressed.
Needle biopsy versus open perineal biopsy for the detection of carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Lilien O. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe significance of prostatic carcinoma as a primary cause of death is presented; the concept that prostatic carcinoma is omnipresent in elderly males is challenged; the incidence of prostatic carcinoma is reviewed and discrepancies in published reports are analyzed. A comparison is made between the yield of positive diagnoses using open perineal biopsy and needle biopsy techniques. Contraindications in the use of needle biopsy for the diagnosis of operable carcinoma of the prostate are discussed.
Tissue protein‐bound fucose in carcinoma of the female breast (tumor fucose in breast carcinoma)
Authors: Seltzer Murray H. , Rosato Francis E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA positive relationship between serum protein‐bound fucose levels and carcinoma of the female breast has been demonstrated in previous reports. In this study, breast tissue fucose levels were determined and the value of a ratio between malignant tumor and control tissue levels was found to correlate directly with serum fucose levels. This evidence is presented as further confirmation of a relationship between the sugar l‐fucose and breast carcinoma.
A reappraisal of primary gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: Neel Iii H. B. , , Neel H. B. , Hammond W. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 10‐year experience with 14 patients with primary carcinoma of the gallbladder encountered in a typical community hospital has been reviewed. Abdominal discomfort in its many manifestations occurred in all patients, with chronic pain of long duration frequently being noted. Six patients were jaundiced. Twelve had documented cholelithiasis. Histologic examination revealed adenocarcinoma in all instances. One patient is alive and well at 3 years; survival of the remaining patients was from 9 days to 25 months. Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder occurs in more than 1% of surgically removed gallbladders. The disease is largely one of elderly persons with chronic calculous cholecystitis. Not only will it be seen with increasing frequency as life expectancy increases, but also it is preventable. Improvement in treatment can thus be initiated by prophylactic removal of diseased gallbladders in otherwise healthy persons. Malignancy may be obscured in those patients presenting with acute cholecystitis eluding surgeon and pathologist alike. These cases, as well as all early malignancies, are diagnosed only by careful histologic examination. Therefore, all gallbladders should be opened and examined by the surgeon in the operating room. Suspicious areas should be evaluated histologically by frozen section so that extension of the operation to include removal of adjacent hepatic parenchyma and performance of an extensive regional lymphadenectomy can be undertaken if cancer is found. By routinely considering every older patient who comes to cholecystectomy as suspect of harboring gallbladder cancer, survival may well be improved.
The effect of cinanserin (antiserotonin agent) on canine renal allografts
Authors: Murphy G. P. , Brede H. D. , Weber H. W. , Groenewald J. H. , Mirand E. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new compound, cinanserin, which possesses antiserotonin as well as immunosuppressive properties, was tested in dog renal allografts. Increased survival rates were noted at a dose level of 40 mg/kg/day. Increasing drug therapy above this level was associated with hepatotoxicity. There was no evidence of bone marrow toxicity. Histologically, characteristic features of allograft rejection were generally unmodified. Serological alterations seen in untreated renal allografts were generally suppressed to a limited degree.
A new regional perfusion system
Authors: Wilson Samuel E. , Passaro Edward 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development of an in situ perfusion system utilizing a new pulsatile pneumatic pump (Starling‐Fields pump) is described. Experiments with dogs demonstrated that kidneys perfused in situ for 4–6 hr by this system maintained life when transplanted into bilaterally nephrectomized recipients. The pump is automatic and incapable of pumping a gas. A technician is not required for its operation. Hemolysis is less than with roller or peristaltic pumps. The pulsatile flow provided is in the physiologic range. Chemotherapeutic agents may be added easily and directly into the pump. The pump's small size, inability to pump air emboli, autoregulation, low hemolysis, and ease of operation offer advantages that make it especially suitable for regional perfusion use.
Colostral leukocytes
Authors: Mohr John A. , Leu Richard , Mabry Wynn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeukocytes of human colostrum were studied for their phagocytic activity and ability to migrate in vitro. Samples were collected from healthy females in the first 2 weeks after delivery. Leukocytes were found with great regularity in concentrations of 2200–4100/mm3. These colostral leukocytes displayed glass adhesiveness, amoeboid movement, and the ability to migrate in capillary tubes. The phagocytic activity of colostral leukocytes against nonencapsulated Cryptococcus neoformans approached the normal values of peripheral blood leukocytes. The colostral leukocytes reacted to specific antigen similar to the donors' peripheral blood leukocytes and correlated with the dermal reactivity of the donor. The finding that these leukocytes are in relatively large numbers and possess phagocytic activity supports the concept that this is a naturally occurring in vivo phenomenon and that these cells may protect the breast against invading microorganisms; also, since these cells demonstrate the presence of cell‐mediated hypersensitivity and are normally ingested by the neonate, they may play a role in the development and/or induction of cellular immunity in the neonate.
The direct effects of metolazone diuresis on the isolated bloodless perfused canine kidney
Authors: Murphy G. P. , Groenewald J. H. , Kenny G. M. , Reynoso G. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRenal bloodless perfusions under normothermic, normobaric conditions with oxygen or helium gas equilibrations were conducted in 14 canine kidneys. A new diuretic, metolazone (SR‐720—22), a quinazolinone compound, was evaulated for possible direct renal effects. Metolazone exerts direct renal effects with or without oxygen characterized by (1) fall in renal resistance; (2) rise in urine flow rate and osmolar clearance; (3) no change in GFR, in inulin extraction, or in the proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium. The agent at low doses is thus a potent and direct active diuretic. Lack of alteration in renal acidification processes as well as activity under anoxic conditions may indicate future usefulness in renal insufficiency states.
Responsiveness of uroepithelium to estrogens as an indication of dose response in prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Silk Mark R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDiethylstilbestrol was administered to patients with prostatic carcinoma to establish the relationship between tumor response and urethral cytological response. In the majority of patients the dose of diethylstilbestrol necessary to induce an estrogen effect in the urethral cytology was the same as that necessary for tumor response.
The effects of phytohemagglutinin in treated and untreated dog renal allografts
Authors: Murphy G. P. , Groenewald J. H. , Brede H. D. , Williams P. D. , Grace J. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDogs undergoing renal allografts were treated with phytohemagglutinin‐M (PHA‐M) with and without azathioprine before and after transplantation. PHA‐M treatment was associated with histological evidence of decreased renal allograft rejection and minimal azotemia. PHA‐M‐treated animals had marked leukocytosis postoperatively and, unlike untreated control animals or azathioprine‐treated dogs, had sustained elevations in total lymphocyte levels. However, PHA‐M treatment did not decrease survival due to associated drug toxicity manifested by a distemper‐like syndrome not observed in other concurrently evaluated animals.
The role of starvation, hypoglycemia, and adrenergic blockade on growth hormone secretion in obesity
Authors: Herrold Joyce N. , Tzagournis Manuel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of starvation and refeeding on the circulating levels of human growth hormone (HGH) of seven obese subjects were studied with and without alpha and beta adrenergic blockade during an insulin tolerance test (ITT). The tests were performed during baseline, total fast, and refeeding periods. Autonomic blockade during starvation was not performed. The degrees of hypoglycemia produced during the mean baseline ITT before and after blockade and in the fasting period were comparable and associated with HGH levels of similar response. During refeeding, mean fasting glucose levels before and after blockade were higher than in control and fasting periods. The insulin‐induced hypoglycemia effect was comparable in percentage decrease, although absolute levels of hypoglycemia were less. There was correspondingly less response of HGH to this stimulus. This indicates that HGH secretion is normal in obesity provided sufficient hypoglycemia is produced a not apparently affected by circulating catecholamine levels.
Role of pinealectomy on Walker 256 carcinoma in rats
Authors: Barone Robert M. , Gupta Tapas K. Das 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter years of investigation, today it is generally agreed that mammalian pineal is a functioning organ with endocrine‐like properties. Several investigators in the past have shown that pinealectomy possibly alters the growth and spread of tumors in rodents. An experimental system has been devised in this laboratory to study the effects of pinealectomy on the growth and spread of Walker 256 carcinoma in rats. One hundred and ten inbred Holtzman male rats weighing 40–60 g were used. Thirty‐nine rats were pinealectomized. Thirty‐five rats were subjected to a comparative trauma and bleeding but the pineal was left intact (sham‐operated). Thirty‐six rats served as controls. Five weeks after operation all the rats were inoculated with 500,000 tumor cells. The rats were observed for 23 days after tumor inoculation. Autopsies were performed on the twenty‐fourth day. Results showed the tumor volumes were 149.37 ± 26.46 ml in pinealectomized rats, 104.79 ± 19.97 ml in the sham‐operated group, and 103.59 ± 19.61 ml in the control group. This was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Metastatic tumor involvement of the mediastinal lymph nodes occurred in 82% of the pinealectomized rats versus 38% of the controls and 46% of sham‐operated animals. Metastatic tumor involvement occurred in 79% of the lungs in pinealectomized rats versus 31% in the sham‐operated and 36% in the control animals.
Cancer of the colon in California, 1945–1966: The California tumor registry experience
Authors: Krain Lawrence S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAppropriate data from the California Tumor Registry (1945–1966) and the Alameda County Tumor Registry were analyzed with specific reference to colon cancer (excluding rectal cancer) I.C.D.A. No. 153. The high incidence of colon cancer in the Chinese population (33.8 per 100,000) requires further epidemiologic study to ascertain its significance. The sigmoid colon is the location of the highest percentage of colonic tumors. The 5‐year relative survival rate for all stages of colon cancer has increased from 24% in 1945 to 43.2% in 1966. For cases localized at the time of diagnosis, the 5‐year relative survival rate was 71.3%. An inverse relationship between age and survival was noted for both sexes, except for those under 45, who had a poorer survival experience. An appreciable difference was seen in the lessened survival of patients with upper colonic versus lower colonic lesions. Part of the increase in survival over time appeared to be due to an increasing percentage of patients who received surgery in contrast to other modalities. Part of the female's better survival experience was due to the fact that more women in proportion to men with colon cancer underwent surgery. The physician should take these characteristics, among others, into account when advising his patient on his chances of survival (and when considering treatment modality), and be alert to the high risk of this entity in certain racial, sex, and age groups as noted.