bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suboptimal vitamin D status is a highly prevalent but treatable condition in both hospitalized patients and the general population
Authors: Moore Nicole L. , Kiebzak Gary M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPurpose: To heighten awareness of the problems related to the high prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D status in hospitalized patients and the general population, including an overview of vitamin D biology, how vitamin D status is defined, the negative health issues associated with suboptimal vitamin D status, indications for treatment, treatment strategies, and controversies in the field.Data sources: (a) Literature review was performed using PubMed and CINAHL databases to locate and review medical, nursing, and nutritional journals. (b) Authors’ recent prospective studies of 100 patients in a general tertiary hospital rehabilitation unit and 51 nonhospitalized volunteers.Conclusion: Poor vitamin D status (ranging from suboptimal to overt deficiency) is common in both hospitalized patients and ostensibly healthy individuals of all ages and geographic latitude. Suboptimal vitamin D status is associated with muscle weakness, functional deficits, and perhaps longer length of stay of hospitalized patients. Predictors of vitamin D status include race, poor nutrition, advanced age, use of multivitamins, ultraviolet light exposure, and grip strength. Fortunately, treatment with 50,000 IU of vitamin D2 for several weeks is a very inexpensive and safe yet effective treatment to replete vitamin D status.Implications for practice: NPs should be aware of the indications for monitoring vitamin D status and the appropriate treatment for suboptimal vitamin D status. Improving vitamin D status may improve a patient‘s functional ability, therefore decreasing falls and preventing fractures, decreasing length of stay in the hospital, and decreasing the cost of health care. Providers can potentially improve the life of older adults by educating patients on the importance of vitamin D supplementation.
Secrecy and New Religious Movements: Concealment, Surveillance, and Privacy in a New Age of Information
Authors: Urban Hugh B. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNew religious movements offer important insights into many larger issues in contemporary culture, not least of which are the issues of religious secrecy and privacy in a new age of information. However, the role of secrecy in new religious movements is neither simple nor homogeneous, but rather extremely diverse and often changing in different social, political, and historical contexts. This article outlines five major forms of religious secrecy and examines one key example of each. To conclude, it suggests that the role of secrecy in these new religions raises profound questions about the delicate balance between religious freedom and national security in a new era of government surveillance and religious violence.
Hidden Innovation: A Reconsideration of ‘Old Economy’ Industries within ‘New Economy’ Regions
Authors: Chiang Lifang 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article will explore the role of ‘old economy’ manufacturing sectors in ‘new economy’ technology regions of advanced industrial economies. In the early 21st century, attention has increasingly shifted away from protectionist concerns about loss of manufacturing industries in regional and national economies. Attention has instead focused on globalization and the offshoring of a wide array of service and technology‐oriented industries and jobs. Yet, what is missing in this paradigm shift is an examination of the critical role that manufacturing sectors play in these ‘new economy’ regions, by spurring innovation spillover and generating economic and employment multiplier effects. This article will review the literature pertaining to linkages between advanced technology regions and more traditional, blue‐collar industrial production industries. In conclusion, the article calls for broadening the current focus on job loss in the highly skilled service and technology sectors to an integrated vision of production, knowledge and service sector activity.
Globalisation, Inequality and Climate Change: What Difference Does China Make?
Authors: Kaplinsky Raphael 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe deepening of globalisation in the late 20th century saw accelerating climate change, growing inequality and obstinate levels of poverty, not just in low‐income economies, but also in the European Union and the rest of the high‐income world. These outcomes can be traced directly to the workings of the global economy. Three developments suggest a limit to deepening globalisation. Global production systems are environmentally unsustainable; global excess production capacity is leading to a race to the bottom in wages for many, not just in the developing world. China's access to the global economy, with its overwhelming resource hunger and large and educated labour force, exacerbates these developments. Indian development is around the corner. What can be done? Global production systems need to be truncated and growth needs to become more local. China, India and other newly emergent Asian economies need to be drawn into the discussions and institutions of global governance.
Deferred Legacy! The Continued Marginalization of the Atlanta Sociological Laboratory
Authors: Wright Earl 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBetween 1895 and 1917 the Atlanta Sociological Laboratory made substantial contributions to the discipline of sociology, including the establishment of the first American school of sociology, institutionalization of method triangulation, institutionalization of the insider researcher, and institutionalization of the public acknowledgment of one's research. Despite these contributions that predate the Chicago School, the W. E. B. Du Bois led laboratory remains in the margins of American sociological discourse. This paper examines the contributions of the Atlanta Sociological Laboratory, offers explanations for the school's more than 100‐year marginalization and examines its legacy in the discipline.
Hydroxyethyl starch and renal dysfunction
Authors: JACOB LAURENT , HEMING NICHOLAS , GUIDET BERTRAND 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYLarge volumes of intravenous fluids may be required to stabilize and maintain hemodynamic stability in several circumstances (kidney transplantation, perioperative period, intensive care). The rationale to use hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 in these patients is to reduce the amounts of fluids infused compared with a pure crystalloid fluid regime. Advantages are a quicker hemodynamic stabilization at comparable volumes and infusion rates, a better practicability, and – theoretically – the avoidance of edema as crystalloids are quickly distributed into the tissue. Clinical experience with HES 130/0.4 in surgical patients, with no difference on renal function compared with patients receiving crystalloids, suggests that HES 130/0.4 is safe for the kidneys. However, in particular in septic patients, the avoidance of a further deterioration of preexisting renal dysfunction is very sensitive. Therefore, patients receiving large amount of HES 130/0.4 should be tightly studied with (i) monitoring of renal function; (ii) ensuring sufficient basic and additional rehydration; and (iii) stopping further administration of HES 130/0.4 once renal dysfunction exceeds a predefined threshold.
Hydroxyethyl starch solutions and their effect on the microcirculation and tissue oxygenation*
Authors: YURUK KORAY , ALMAC EMRE , INCE CAN 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe main goal of ideal fluid therapy is not only to maintain systemic circulation, but also to restore tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery to the tissues and specifically to the microcirculation where oxygen delivery takes place. For this purpose, various kinds of crystalloid and colloid solutions are being used. The ongoing debate about the use of crystalloid versus colloid solutions has now shifted to a debate on the ideal type of colloid solution. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is one of the most studied plasma substitutes. Different kinds of HES solutions exist worldwide, which differ greatly in their pharmacological properties. Low‐molecular‐weight HES solutions have been successfully and safely used for intravascular volume therapy, and also to restore hemodynamic, microcirculatory and cardiorespiratory function. This article reviews their effect on the microcirculation and tissue oxygenation.
Cost of injuries from a prospective cohort study of North Carolina high school athletes
Authors: Knowles S B , Marshall S W , Miller T , Spicer R , Bowling J M , Loomis D , Millikan R W , Yang J , Mueller F O 
Published: December 2007

Objective:To estimate the economic cost of injuries in a population of US high school varsity athletes.Design and Setting:The North Carolina High School Athletic Injury Study, conducted from 1996 to 1999, was a prospective cohort study of injury incidence and severity. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select athletic teams from 100 high schools in North Carolina. An injury cost model was used to estimate the economic cost of injury.Participants:Varsity athletes from 12 sports: football, girls’ and boy’s soccer, girls’ and boys’ track, girls’ and boy’s basketball, baseball, softball, wrestling, volleyball, and cheerleading.Main outcome measures:Descriptive data were collected at the time of injury. Three types of costs were estimated: medical, human capital (medical costs plus loss of future earnings), and comprehensive (human capital costs plus lost quality of life).Results:The annual statewide estimates were $9.9 million in medical costs, $44.7 million in human capital costs, and $144.6 million in comprehensive costs. The mean medical cost was $709 per injury (95% CI $542 to $927), $2223 per injury (95% CI $1709 to $2893) in human capital costs, and $10 432 per injury (95% CI $8062 to $13 449) in comprehensive costs. Sport and competition division were significant predictors of injury costs.Conclusions:Injuries among high school athletes represent a significant economic cost to society. Further research should estimate costs in additional populations to begin to develop cost-effective sports injury prevention programs.
Personality factors as predictors of persistent risky driving behavior and crash involvement among young adults
Authors: Gulliver Pauline , Begg Dorothy 
Published: December 2007

Objectives:The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between personality factors assessed during adolescence and persistent risky driving behavior and traffic crash involvement among young adults.Design:Data for this investigation were drawn from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a longitudinal study of a cohort born in Dunedin, New Zealand.Subjects:The study population was 1037 young people born between 1 April 1972 and 31 March 1973.Main outcome measures:The main outcome measures were persistent risky driving behaviors and crash involvement, collected in a face-to-face road-safety interview at ages 21 and 26.Results:The only outcomes for which there were sufficient numbers of females were a driver involved in any crash and a driver involved in an injury crash. Univariate logistic regression revealed that there were no significant predictors for either of these outcomes. For the males, at the univariate level, aggression, traditionalism, and alienation were the personality scales most frequently associated with risky driving behavior and crash risk. After adjusting for driving exposure, only high levels of aggression predicted being a driver involved in a crash, and alienation predicted being a driver involved in an injury crash.Conclusion:These results suggest that road-safety interventions seeking to deter young adult males from persistent risky driving behavior need to be directed at those who do not endorse traditional views, are aggressive, and feel alienated from the rest of society.
Understanding high traffic injury risks for children in low socioeconomic areas: a qualitative study of parents’ views
Authors: Christie N , Ward H , Kimberlee R , Towner E , Sleney J 
Published: December 2007

Objective:To gain an in-depth qualitative understanding of parents’ views about their children’s exposure to road traffic injury risk in low socioeconomic areas.Design:Focus groups facilitated by a moderator with content analysis of data.Setting:Focus groups were conducted in 10 low socioeconomic English districts that also have high rates of child pedestrian injury. Research was conducted in community venues within each area.Subjects:Parents of children aged 9–14 years living in low socioeconomic areas.Results:Parents believe that children play in their local streets for the following reasons: they like playing out with friends near home; there are few safe, secure, and well-maintained public spaces for children; children are excluded from affordable leisure venues because of their costs; insufficient parental responsibility. For children that play in the street, the key sources of risk identified by parents were: illegal riding and driving around estates and on the pavements; the speed and volume of traffic; illegal parking; drivers being poorly informed about where children play; children’s risk-taking behavior.Conclusions:Intervention programs need to take into account multiple reasons why children in low socioeconomic areas become exposed to hazardous environments thereby increasing their risk of injury. Multi-agency partnerships involving the community are increasingly needed to implement traditional road safety approaches, such as education, engineering, and enforcement, and provide safe and accessible public space, affordable activities for children, and greater support for parents.
An international review of head and spinal cord injuries in alpine skiing and snowboarding
Authors: Ackery A , Hagel B E , Provvidenza C , Tator C H 
Published: December 2007

Background:Alpine skiing and snowboarding are popular winter activities worldwide, enjoyed by participants of all ages and skill levels. There is some evidence that the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) in these activities may be increasing. These injuries can cause death or severe debilitation, both physically and emotionally, and also result in enormous financial burden to society. Indeed, TBI is the leading cause of death and catastrophic injury in the skiing and snowboarding population. Furthermore, there are severe limitations to therapeutic interventions to restore neurological function after TBI and SCI, and thus the emphasis must be on prevention.Objectives:(1) To examine the worldwide epidemiology of TBI and SCI in skiing and snowboarding; (2) to describe and examine the effectiveness of prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of TBI and SCI in skiing and snowboarding.Search strategy:Searches were performed on a variety of databases to identify articles relevant to catastrophic central nervous system injury in skiing and snowboarding. The databases included PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CDSR, ACP Journal Club, DARE, CCTR, SportDiscus, CINAHL, and Advanced Google searches.Selection criteria and data collection:After initial prescreening, articles included in the review required epidemiological data on SCI, TBI, or both. Articles had to be directly associated with the topic of skiing and/or snowboarding and published between January 1990 and December 2004.Results:24 relevant articles, from 10 different countries, were identified. They indicate that the incidence of TBI and SCI in skiing and snowboarding is increasing. The increases coincide with the development and acceptance of acrobatic and high-speed activities on the mountains. There is evidence that helmets reduce the risk of head injury by 22–60%. Head injuries are the most common cause of death among skiers and snowboarders, and young male snowboarders are especially at risk of death from head injury.Conclusions:There should be enhanced promotion of injury prevention that includes the use of helmets and emphasizes the skier’s and snowboarder’s responsibility code.
FIESTA: A GENERIC FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATING NEW FUNCTIONALITIES INTO SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES
Authors: WAIGNIER GUILLAUME , LE MEUR ANNE-FRANÇOISE , DUCHIEN LAURENCE 
Published: December 2007

When an application must evolve to cope with new context and user requirements, integrating new functionalities into its software architecture is necessary. The architect has thus to manually modify the architecture description, which is often tedious and error prone. In this paper, we propose FIESTA, a generic framework for automatically integrating new functionalities into an architecture description. Our approach is inspired by TranSAT, an integration framework. However, TranSAT is dedicated to a specific architecture description language (ADL) while our approach is ADL-independent. We have performed a domain analysis, studying for many ADLs how to integrate new functionalities. Based on this analysis, we have defined a generic ADL model to manipulate and reason about architectural elements that are involved in integration. Furthermore, we have developed a generic integration engine.
Targeting Protein Translation in Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer via Combined MEK and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Suppression
Authors: Legrier Marie-Emmanuelle , Yang Chia-Ping Huang , Yan Han-Guang , Lopez-Barcons Lluis , Keller Steven M. , Pérez-Soler Roman , Horwitz Susan Band , McDaid Hayley M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Lung cancer is a genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by the acquisition of somatic mutations in numerous protein kinases, including components of the rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS) and AKT signaling cascades. These pathways intersect at various points, rendering this network highly redundant and suggesting that combined mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition may be a promising drug combination that can overcome its intrinsic plasticity. The MEK inhibitors, CI-1040 or PD0325901, in combination with the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, or its analogue AP23573, exhibited dose-dependent synergism in human lung cancer cell lines that was associated with suppression of proliferation rather than enhancement of cell death. Concurrent suppression of MEK and mTOR inhibited ribosomal biogenesis by 40% within 24 h and was associated with a decreased polysome/monosome ratio that is indicative of reduced protein translation efficiency. Furthermore, the combination of PD0325901 and rapamycin was significantly superior to either drug alone or PD0325901 at the maximum tolerated dose in nude mice bearing human lung tumor xenografts or heterotransplants. Except for a PTEN mutant, all tumor models had sustained tumor regressions and minimal toxicity. These data (a) provide evidence that both pathways converge on factors that regulate translation initiation and (b) support therapeutic strategies in lung cancer that simultaneously suppress the RAS and AKT signaling network. [Cancer Res 2007;67(23):11300–8]
An Oncolytic Adenovirus Redirected with a Tumor-Specific T-Cell Receptor
Authors: Sebestyen Zsolt , de Vrij Jeroen , Magnusson Maria , Debets Reno , Willemsen Ralph 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
To improve safety and specificity of oncolytic adenoviruses, we introduced T-cell receptors (TCR) specific for a unique class of truly tumor-specific antigens into the adenoviral fiber protein. The adenoviral fiber knob responsible for attachment to the coxsackie-adenoviral receptor (CAR) on target cells was replaced by a single-chain TCR (scTCR) molecule with specificity for the melanoma-associated cancer-testis antigen MAGE-A1, presented by HLA-A1, and an extrinsic trimerization motif in a replicating Ad5 vector (Ad5.R1-scTCR). The production of the recombinant virus was initiated in a novel producer cell line that expressed an antibody-based hexon-specific receptor (293T-AdR) in the cell membrane. This new production system allowed CAR-independent and target antigen–independent propagation of Ad5.R1-scTCR. Infection with adenovirus bearing the scTCR-based fiber resulted in an efficient killing of target tumor cells. The infection was cell type specific because only HLA-A1+/MAGE-A1+ melanoma cells were killed, and thus, this retargeting strategy provides a versatile tool for future clinical application. [Cancer Res 2007;67(23):11309–16]
Sustained Antigen-Specific Antitumor Recall Response Mediated by Gene-Modified CD4+ T Helper-1 and CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Moeller Maria , Kershaw Michael H. , Cameron Rachel , Westwood Jennifer A. , Trapani Joseph A. , Smyth Mark J. , Darcy Phillip K. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGiven that specific subsets of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) CD4+ T cells have been shown to play key roles in tumor rejection models, we wanted to assess the contribution of either Th1 or Th2 CD4+ cell subtypes for redirected T-cell immunotherapy. In this study, we have developed a novel method involving retroviral transduction and in vitro T-cell polarization to generate gene-engineered mouse CD4+ Th1 and Th2 cells or T helper intermediate (Thi) cells expressing an anti–erbB2-CD28-ζ chimeric receptor. Gene-modified Th1 and Th2 polarized CD4+ cells were characterized by the preferential secretion of IFN-γ and interleukin-4, respectively, whereas Thi cells secreted both cytokines following receptor ligation. In adoptive transfer studies using an erbB2+ lung metastasis model, complete survival of mice was observed when transduced Th1, Th2, or Thi CD4+ cells were transferred in combination with an equivalent number of transduced CD8+ T cells. Tumor rejection was consistently associated with transduced T cells at the tumor site and interleukin-2 secretion. However, the surviving mice treated with gene-modified Th1 CD4+ cells were significantly more resistant to a subsequent challenge with a different erbB2+ tumor (4T1.2) implanted s.c. This result correlated with both increased expansion of Th1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the blood and a greater number of these cells localizing to the tumor site following rechallenge. These data support the use of gene-modified CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cells for mediating a sustained antitumor response. [Cancer Res 2007;67(23):11428–37]
Direct Transcriptional Activation of Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein by IFN Regulatory Factor 3 Induces the p53-Dependent Growth Inhibition of Cancer Cells
Authors: Kim Tae-Kyung , Lee Joong-Seob , Oh Se-Yeong , Jin Xun , Choi Yun-Jaie , Lee Tae-Hoon , Lee Eun ho , Choi Young-Ki , You Seungkwon , Chung Yong Gu , Lee Jang-Bo , DePinho Ronald A. , Chin Lynda , Kim Hyunggee 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a transcriptional factor that plays a crucial role in activation of innate immunity and inflammation in response to viral infection, and is also involved in p53-dependent inhibition of cell growth. Although functional activation of IRF3 by viral infection is relatively well documented, the biological role and regulatory mechanism underlying cell growth inhibition by IRF3 are poorly understood. Here, we show a novel regulatory pathway connecting IRF3-promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML)-p53 in primary and cancer cell lines. Overexpression of IRF3 induces p53-dependent cell growth inhibition in cancer cell lines with normal p53 activity. In addition, doxycycline-induced expression of IRF3 in U87MG cells inhibits tumor growth in nude mice in vivo. IRF3 is found to increase expression of PML by a direct transcriptional activation as determined by PML-promoter-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. When PML is depleted by RNA interference–mediated knockdown, IRF3 fails to increase p53 acetylation and its transcriptional activity. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that direct transcriptional activation of PML by IRF3 results in the p53-dependent growth inhibition of normal and cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, which is suggestive of a novel regulatory network between the innate immune response and tumor suppression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(23):11133–40]