bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pflegebedürftigkeit im Alter: Angehörigen- und
Versorgungssituation im Zusammenhang mit den Pflegegraden bei häuslicher
Pflege
Authors: Keck Antonia , Pendergrass Anna , Gräßel Elmar 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In Deutschland können pflegebedürftige
Personen durch Leistungen der Pflegekassen unterstützt werden.
Dafür ist die offizielle Feststellung der Pflegebedürftigkeit
notwendig, die seit Inkrafttreten des zweiten Pflegestärkungsgesetzes
durch die Zuweisung von Pflegegraden – 1 bis 5 – erfolgt. Mit
der Einführung der Pflegegrade sollten unter anderem Menschen mit Demenz
stärker berücksichtigt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die
Pflegegrade durch Merkmale der Angehörigen- und Versorgungssituation
beschrieben, um den Ist-Zustand abzubilden und Ansatzpunkte zur
bedarfsorientierten Versorgung zu bieten.
Methodik Die Datenerhebung erfolgte im Rahmen der Querschnittsstudie
„Benefits of being a caregiver“ durch eine bayernweite
schriftliche Befragung pflegender Angehöriger zu Aspekten der
Pflegesituation und dem gegenwärtigen und zukünftig
gewünschtem Nutzungsverhalten von 15 Versorgungsangeboten. Zum Vergleich
der Pflegegrade wurden Gruppenunterschiede mittels χ2-Tests und
einfaktoriellen Varianzanalysen ermittelt. Die Effektstärkenmaße
Odds Ratio und Cohen’s d wurden bei signifikanten
Gruppenunterschieden zum Vergleich zwischen den Pflegegraden 1 und 4 angegeben.
Die Stichprobe umfasste 958 Fälle pflegebedürftiger Personen im
Alter von mindestens 65 Jahren.
Ergebnisse Der Anteil von Menschen mit Demenz stieg mit dem Pflegegrad
signifikant an. Bei den pflegenden Angehörigen nahmen die subjektive
Belastung, funktionale Copingstrategien und das Pflegemotiv die
pflegebedürftige Person nicht in ein Heim geben zu wollen, mit dem
Pflegegrad zu. Bei höherem Pflegegrad wandten pflegende
Angehörige signifikant mehr Zeit für die Unterstützung
bei Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens und für
Beaufsichtigung auf; sie erhielten häufiger informelle Hilfe und wohnten
häufiger mit der pflegebedürftigen Person zusammen. Bei 9 der 15
untersuchten Versorgungsangebote (z. B. 24-h-Betreuung) stieg der
gegenwärtige Nutzungsgrad signifikant mit Zunahme des Pflegegrads an.
Insgesamt lag die Nutzungsrate der Angebote jedoch über alle Pflegegrade
hinweg auf einem niedrigen Niveau (M=2,20;
SD=1,90).
Schlussfolgerung Infolge des zweiten Pflegestärkungsgesetzes wird
ein guter Zugang zu Leistungen der Pflegekasse für Menschen mit Demenz
ermöglicht. Der steigende Zeitaufwand für die
Unterstützung bei Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens und
für Beaufsichtigung wird durch die Pflegegrade abgebildet. Trotz
steigender Belastung wurden Entlastungsangebote selten genutzt. Es empfiehlt
sich, Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Inanspruchnahme von
Entlastungs- und Beratungsangeboten auszubauen.
Geschichte der Dermatologie und Allergologie in der Nordseeklinik Sylt
Authors: Lantzsch Hanka 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 1855 wurde Westerland zum Seebad ernannt. Schon damals ist man sich den besonderen heilklimatischen Gegebenheiten bewusst. Das allergenarme Reizklima ist nach wie vor ein wichtiger Standortfaktor, der im Rahmen der Klimaterrainexposition sowohl in der dermatologischen Akutklinik und in der Rehabilitationsklinik therapeutisch genutzt wird. Seit Gründung der Nordseeklinik Sylt im Jahr 1937 durchlebt diese eine bewegte Geschichte. Unter den erfahrenen dermatologischen Chefärzten konnten die dermatologischen Abteilungen immer weiter ausgebaut werden 1. Mit Einführung der naturheilkundlichen Komplexbehandlung 2023 und der verhaltensmedizinisch orientierten Rehabilitation (VOR) entstehen neue Schwerpunkte, die die Klinik immer weiterentwickeln 2.
Naturheilkundliche Komplexbehandlung in der Nordseeklinik Sylt
Authors: Kretschmann Dorothea , Lantzsch Hanka 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie dermatologische Abteilung der Asklepios Nordseeklinik Westerland/Sylt führt seit Januar 2023 eine naturheilkundliche Komplexbehandlung durch. Unseres Wissens nach sind wir die einzige dermatologische Akutklinik, die diese Komplexbehandlung ihren dermatologischen Patienten im allergenarmen Nordseeklima anbietet. Im folgenden Artikel möchten wir Ihnen deren Inhalt und Ablauf näher erläutern.
The Nuances and Techniques of Deep Plane Face and Neck Lifting to Maximize the Defined Neck and Jawline and Obtain a Sharp and Beautiful Neck Contour
Authors: Talei Benjamin , Chopra Ritu , Ziai Hedyeh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article seeks to expand on our understanding of lifting by utilizing the benefits of deep plane release and repositioning. The deep plane is a more logical and natural approach to lifting of the face and neck, lifting along the natural anatomic glide planes. Deep plane face and neck lifting have demonstrated superior results in the authors' experience with less dependence on ancillary measures such as fat grafting or implantation for midface volumization. The deep plane technique allows for the face and neck to be treated and lifted as a single composite unit, providing a more natural and long-lasting result and less distortion of underlying structures (i.e., mimetic muscle function). Among facelift surgeons, there is still debate and discussion over treatment of various regions including submandibular gland prominence, jowling and deepened prejowl sulcus, anterior digastric prominence, and a low hyoid. In this article, given the opportunity to share personal experiences, we seek to provide additional insight on the merits of deep plane release in rhytidectomy and our novel approaches to avoiding surgical failures.
Risk of Venous Thromboembolism by Cancer Type: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Betts Marissa B. , Liu Xuejun , Junqueira Daniela R. , Fahrbach Kyle , Neupane Binod , Ronnebaum Sarah , Dhamane Amol D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPatients with cancer have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Comparing tumor-specific VTE risk is complicated by factors such as surgery, disease stage, and chemotherapy. Network meta-analysis (NMA) using cancer types as network nodes enabled us to estimate VTE rates by leveraging comparisons across cancer types while adjusting for baseline VTE risk in individual studies. This study was conducted to estimate the risk of VTE by cancer type and factors influencing VTE risk. The Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library repositories were systematically searched to identify clinical trials and observational studies published from 2005 to 2022 that assessed the risk of primary cancer-related VTE among two or more distinct cancer types. Studies with similar cancer populations and study methods reporting VTE occurring within 1 year of diagnosis were included in the NMA. Relative VTE rates across cancer types were estimated with random-effects Bayesian NMAs. Absolute VTE rates were calculated from these estimates using the average VTE incidence in lung cancer (the most frequently reported type) as the “anchor.” From 2,603 records reviewed, 30 studies were included in this NMA. The general network described 3,948,752 patients and 18 cancer types: 3.1% experienced VTE within 1 year of diagnosis, with cancer-specific rates ranging from 0.7 to 7.4%. Consistent with existing VTE risk prediction tools, pancreatic cancer was associated with higher-than-average VTE risk. Other cancer types with high VTE risk were brain and ovarian cancers. The relative rankings of VTE risk for certain cancers changed based on disease stage and/or receipt of chemotherapy or surgery.
Innovative Therapies for Acquired Hemophilia A
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Focosi Daniele 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune bleeding disorder which can be life-threatening. AHA is due to autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII. Disease onset may be idiopathic (approximately half of the cases) or triggered by autoimmune disorders, cancers, drugs, infections, or pregnancy. Besides treating the underlying disorder, specific AHA treatments include management of bleeding and inhibitor eradication. Various first-line and second-line hemostatic and immunosuppressive agents are currently available for the management of AHA. Recently, the hemostatic drug emicizumab and the immunosuppressive drug rituximab have been the object of intense research from investigators as innovative promising therapies for AHA. This narrative review will be focused on the current status of the clinical use of these two off-label therapeutic agents in AHA.
Fibrinolysis-Mediated Pathways in Acute Liver Injury
Authors: Capece Gina E. , Luyendyk James P. , Poole Lauren G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcute liver injury (ALI), that is, the development of reduced liver function in patients without preexisting liver disease, can result from a wide range of causes, such as viral or bacterial infection, autoimmune disease, or adverse reaction to prescription and over-the-counter medications. ALI patients present with a complex coagulopathy, characterized by both hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable features. Similarly, ALI patients display a profound dysregulation of the fibrinolytic system with the vast majority of patients presenting with a hypofibrinolytic phenotype. Decades of research in experimental acute liver injury in mice suggest that fibrinolytic proteins, including plasmin(ogen), plasminogen activators, fibrinolysis inhibitors, and fibrin(ogen), can contribute to initial hepatotoxicity and/or stimulate liver repair. This review summarizes major experimental findings regarding the role of fibrinolytic factors in ALI from the last approximately 30 years and identifies unanswered questions, as well as highlighting areas for future research.
Venous Thrombosis in Airborne Viral Infections: Is Coronavirus Disease 2019 now Any Different from Influenza?
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Nocini Riccardo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne of the hallmarks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly in complicated cases (i.e., requiring hospitalization or intensive care support), is persistent hemostasis activation, which may be associated with a vast array of thrombotic episodes involving both the arterial and venous systems. The renewed emphasis on the relationship between viral infections and venous thrombosis paves the way for determining whether a more common and often underestimated infection disease, such as influenza, may also be associated with a significant burden of venous thrombotic episodes, and how this eventual thrombotic risk compares to that seen in COVID-19, both in the past and with newer variants. Our review of studies comparing the burden of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with COVID-19 or influenza revealed that the thrombotic risk appears to be significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 but remains certainly not meaningless in those with influenza, particularly in subjects infected by highly virulent strains (i.e., H1N1), in those who develop pneumonia and require intensive care support. In these specific clinical settings, the adoption of tailored thromboprophylaxis may be indicated though more studies are compellingly needed on this matter. As COVID-19 variants emerge, there is a possibility that the VTE burden of COVID-19 will decrease, and progress to that of other respiratory viruses.
The Effects of Body Mass Index on Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Autologous Free Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Garoosi Kassra , Yoon YooJin , Winocour Julian , Mathes David W. , Kaoutzanis Christodoulos 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity in the United States exceeds 40%, yet perioperative effects of higher body mass index (BMI) in autologous breast reconstruction remain poorly studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate BMI's impact on postop complications in abdominal and gluteal-based autologous breast reconstruction.
Methods We conducted a retrospective study using TriNetX, a health care database containing de-identified data from more than 250 million patients. Patients undergoing autologous breast reconstruction were identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes. Four cohorts were established by BMI class: <24.99, 25 to 29.99, 30 to 34.99, and 35 to 39.99 kg/m2. Outcomes of interest were defined by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. A two-sample t-test was performed to compare incidence of postoperative complications between cohorts within 3 months of surgery. Patients with a BMI < 24.99 kg/m2 served as the control. Cohorts were balanced on age, race, and ethnicity.
Results We identified 8,791 patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction. Of those, 1,143 had a BMI < 24.99 kg/m2, 1,867 had a BMI of 25 to 29.99 kg/m2, 1,396 had a BMI of 30 to 34.99 kg/m2, and 559 had a BMI of 35 to 39.99 kg/m2. Patients with a BMI of 25 to 29.99 kg/m2 had a significantly increased risk of cellulitis. Patients with a BMI of 30 to 34.99 and 35 to 39.99 kg/m2 had a significantly increased risk of cellulitis, surgical site infection, need for debridement, wound dehiscence, and flap failure.
Conclusion Our study illustrates that there is an increased risk of postoperative complications associated with higher BMI classes. Understanding these data are imperative for providers to adequately stratify patients and guide the procedural decision-making.
No Genetic Causality between Tobacco Smoking and Venous Thromboembolism: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Du Hong-Cheng , Zheng Yun-Fei , Shen Meng-Qi , Deng Bai-Yang 
Published: February 2024

Background Given the current debate in clinical research about the relationship between tobacco smoking and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted aimed at elucidating the causal associations of current and past tobacco smoking with the risk of VTE, from the perspective of genetics.
Methods Two-sample univariate and multivariable MR analyses were designed, using summary-level data from large genome-wide association studies involving European individuals. Causality was primarily assessed using multiplicative fixed-effects or random-effects model and inverse variance weighting, supplemented by MR–Egger regression, MR-PRESSO, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out for sensitivity analysis to test the reliability of the results.
Results In the univariate MR analysis, no significant causal effects were found between current tobacco smoking and the risk of VTE, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Similarly, no significant causal effects were found between past smoking and VTE, DVT, and PE. As for the multivariable MR analysis, results were consistent with univariate MR analysis, with no significant causal effect of either current or past tobacco smoking on the risk of VTE, DVT, and PE.
Conclusion Evidence from both univariate and multivariable MR analyses demonstrated no significant causal relationships between current and past tobacco smoking and VTE, DVT, and PE. This contradicts positive correlations reported in some previous observational studies, which may be explained by other confounding factors. This provided genetic evidence for the conclusion reported in other observational studies that smoking did not affect VTE risk.
Long-Term Outcomes in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Carella Francesco , Aliberti Stefano , Stainer Anna , Voza Antonio , Blasi Francesco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is globally one of the major causes of hospitalization and mortality. Severe CAP (sCAP) presents great challenges and need a comprehensive understanding of its long-term outcomes. Cardiovascular events and neurological impairment, due to persistent inflammation and hypoxemia, contribute to long-term outcomes in CAP, including mortality. Very few data are available in the specific population of sCAP. Multiple studies have reported variable 1-year mortality rates for patients with CAP up to 40.7%, with a clear influence by age, comorbidities, and disease severity. In terms of treatment, the potential protective role of macrolides in reducing mortality emphasizes the importance of appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy. This narrative review explores the growing interest in the literature focusing on the long-term implications of sCAP. Improved understanding of long-term outcomes in sCAP can facilitate targeted interventions and enhance posthospitalization care protocols.
Spectroradiometry with sub-microsecond time resolution using multianode photomultiplier tube assemblies
Authors: Geballe Zachary M. , Miozzi Francesca , Anto Chris F. , Rojas Javier , Yang Jing , Walter Michael J. 
Published: February 2024

Accurate and precise measurements of spectroradiometric temperature are crucial for many high pressure experiments that use diamond anvil cells or shock waves. In experiments with sub-millisecond timescales, specialized detectors such as streak cameras or photomultiplier tubes are required to measure temperature. High accuracy and precision are difficult to attain, especially at temperatures below 3000 K. Here, we present a new spectroradiometry system based on multianode photomultiplier tube technology and passive readout circuitry that yields a 0.24 µs rise-time for each channel. Temperature is measured using five color spectroradiometry. During high pressure pulsed Joule heating experiments in a diamond anvil cell, we document measurement precision to be ±30 K at temperatures as low as 2000 K during single-shot heating experiments with 0.6 µs time-resolution. Ambient pressure melting tests using pulsed Joule heating indicate that the accuracy is ±80 K in the temperature range 1800–2700 K.
A simple fabrication of liquid-like polydimethylsiloxane coating for resisting ice adhesion
Authors: Zhang Yixuan , Wang Lei , Zhao Xueying , Yang Huige , Liu Jie , Wang Jianjun 
Published: February 2024

The rapid realization of efficient anti-icing coatings on diverse substrates is of vital value for practical applications. However, current approaches for rapid preparations of anti-icing coatings are still deficient regarding their surface universality and accessibility. Here, we report a simple processing approach to rapidly form icephobic liquid-like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) brushes on various substrates, including metals, ceramics, glass, and plastics. A poly(dimethylsiloxane), trimethoxysilane is applied as a reactant under the catalysis of a minimal amount of acid formed by hydrolysis of dichlorodimethylsilane. With such an advantage, this approach is approved to be applicable of coating metal surfaces with less corrosion. The distinctive flexibility of the PDMS chains provides a liquid-like property to the coating showing low contact angle hysteresis and ice adhesion strength. Notably, the ice adhesion strength remains similar across a wide temperature window, from −70 to −10 °C, with a value of 18.4 kPa. The PDMS brushes demonstrate perfect capability for resisting acid and alkali corrosions, ultra-violet degradation, and even tens of icing/deicing cycles. Moreover, the liquid-like coating can also form at supercooling conditions, such as −20 °C, and shows an outstanding anti-icing/deicing performance, which meets the in situ coating reformation requirement under extreme conditions when it is damaged. This instantly forming anti-icing material will benefit from resisting instantaneous ice accretion on surfaces under extremely cold conditions.
Spin glass state in Co doped NdMnO3
Authors: Bhat Farooq Hussain , Anjum Ghazala 
Published: February 2024

The temperature-dependent ac susceptibility studies of in-phase component (χ′ac) and out of phase component (χac″) was done on a single phase polycrystalline NdMn0.6Co0.4O3 sample. The measurements were conducted in 4 Oe ac field and 0 Oe dc field at frequencies of 111, 311, 1011, and 1311 Hz. As the frequency increases, the magnitude of χ′ac decreases, and its peak position, corresponding to Tf, moves towards higher temperatures. This strongly suggests the presence of a spin glass (SG) state and the absence of long-range ferromagnetic ordering. The value of relative shift in freezing temperature (δTf) is found to be δTf = 0.0089, which suggests the existence of canonical SG state in NdMn0.6Co0.4O3 sample. To confirm it the ac susceptibility data was further analyzed using Arrhenius, Vogel Fulcher, and Power–law.
Sub-wavelength topological boundary states and rainbow trapping of local-resonance phononic crystal plate
Authors: Sun Xiao-Wei , Tan Mao-Ting , Xu Gang-Gang , Cao Yue , Wen Xiao-Dong , Liu Zi-Jiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Based on the analogy of the quantum valley Hall effect, a ligament-type phononic crystal plate with local resonators is designed in this study to facilitate the valley state transport of low-frequency elastic waves. We analyze the key factors affecting the local resonance modes and reduce the frequency of the Dirac cone by changing the connection form of the structure’s beams. The spatial inversion symmetry of the structure is broken to open a new band gap by introducing a mass difference in the resonator pair. The robustness of the designed structure’s topological valley waveguide under defects and bends is verified. Based on this characteristic, we introduce the gradient heights into the supercell structure where elastic waves at different frequencies split and stop significantly on the supercell structure to achieve sub-wavelength topological rainbow trapping. This design provides a theoretical reference for exploring the low-frequency elastic topological mode and the application of topological rainbow capture in sub-wavelength structures.
Dynamic calibration method for track geometry measurement system-a case study in China
Authors: Han Zhi , Han Lei , Chen Chunlei , Han Qiang , Jing Guoqing , Cheng Zhaoyang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With the rapid development of railway construction, the mileage of railway detection has increased dramatically, and railway companies have higher requirements for the repeatability and accuracy of track geometric dynamic detection data. Therefore, the track geometry measurement system needs to be calibrated to improve the measurement accuracy to ensure the safety of railway operation. However, the existing calibration methods of the track geometry measurement system can only realize the static calibration and lack the dynamic calibration method, which cannot calibrate the track geometry measurement system under the real operation state. Therefore, a dynamic calibration method for the track geometry measurement system is proposed in this paper. A real and reliable test environment is provided for the track geometry measurement system by presetting the track geometry irregularity and laying the rail dynamic displacement monitoring system on the calibration test line, and the dynamic and static differences of the track are analyzed based on the test environment. Based on the bisection method, this paper reduces the measurement error of the track geometry measurement system and analyzes the measurement repeatability of the track geometry measurement system. Finally, the error correction model of the track geometry measurement system is established, and the error analysis and uncertainty evaluation of the track geometry measurement system are carried out. The results show that the track geometry measurement system calibrated by the dynamic calibration method proposed in this paper meets the requirements of the measurement error for the gauge and cross level. This study can establish the value traceability relationship of the track geometry measurement system, realize the calibration and evaluation of the accuracy of the track geometry measurement system under the real operation state, and improve the reliability and accuracy of the track geometry dynamic detection results.