bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of cyclin‐D2 and Bcl‐2 expression within the germinal centre type of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma identifies a very good prognostic subgroup of patients
Authors: Amen F , Horncastle D , Elderfield K , Banham A H , Bower M , Macdonald D , Kanfer E , Naresh K N 
Published: June 2007

Aims:  To validate and improve the existing algorithm (proposed by Hans et al.) to classify diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods and results:  Tissue microarrays constructed from 81 patients with DLBCL were studied by immunohistochemistry for expression of CD10, Bcl‐6, MUM1, Bcl‐2, cyclin‐D2, FOXP1 and PKC‐γ proteins. Cases were classified as either germinal centre B‐like (GCB) or non‐GC according to Hans et al. An alternative classification was also employed, in which cases positive for either CD10 or Bcl‐6 were considered as a GC subgroup and cases negative for both CD10 and Bcl‐6 were considered as a non‐GC subgroup. GC was further subdivided into favourable GC (negative for both Bcl‐2 and cyclin‐D2) and unfavourable GC (positive for either Bcl‐2 or cyclin‐D2). The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) amongst patients classified as favourable GC versus ‘others’ was 49.5% and 7.3%, respectively (log rank P < 0.0001). Similarly, the 5‐year overall survival (OS) amongst patients classified as favourable GC versus ‘others’ was 58.6% and 13.7%, respectively (log rank P = 0.0001). The difference in survival was independent of the international prognostic index.Conclusions:  In this group of patients the risk stratification based on the new algorithm was better than that proposed by Hans et al.
Characteristic Ber‐EP4 and EMA expression in sebaceoma is immunohistochemically distinct from basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Fan Y S , Carr R A , Sanders D S A , Smith A P , Lazar A J F , Calonje E 
Published: June 2007

Aims:  There is considerable overlap between the histological features of sebaceoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The distinction between these two tumours is important due to the often more locally aggressive nature of BCC and the association of sebaceoma with the Muir–Torre syndrome. The aim of this study was to describe the immunohistochemical reactivity of the cells in sebaceoma to Ber‐EP4 and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and investigate the utility of this panel to differentiate sebaceoma from basal cell carcinoma.Methods and results:  Immunohistochemistry of 25 sebaceomas for Ber‐EP4 and EMA revealed unequivocal negative expression of Ber‐EP4 in 24 of 25 sebaceomas. A single case exhibited focal weak Ber‐EP4 staining, predominantly in mature sebocytes and in < 10% of the tumour cells. EMA was not expressed in the germinative cells of sebaceoma, but was expressed strongly in approximately 50% of mature sebocytes in all cases and highlighted the cytoplasmic vacuoles. We reviewed the immunoreactivity of 51 cases of nodular BCCs and found moderate or strong BerEP4 expression in all cases with never less than 20% of the tumour staining. Expression of EMA was uncommon in BCC (moderate or strong in 8%) and was confined to keratotic or squamoid areas.Conclusion:  The use of Ber‐EP4 in combination with EMA, both widely used immunomarkers in histopathology, is a helpful aid in distinguishing sebaceoma from nodular BCC.
Prognostic indicators of gastric carcinoma confined to the muscularis propria
Authors: Son H , Song S , Rhee J C 
Published: June 2007

Aims:  Gastric carcinoma confined to the muscularis propria (MPGC) is considered an intermediate‐stage carcinoma. A method of discriminating between more favourable and less favourable prognostic groups of this entity is critically needed in dealing with this heterogeneous disease. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between survival of patients with MPGC and its various clinicopathological parameters.Methods and results:  Various clinicopathological parameters were studied in 171 tissue samples including: macroscopic appearance, size, age, sex, stage, invasion depth, Lauren and Ming classifications, extent, lymphatic emboli and nodal metastasis. Tumours macroscopically resembling early gastric cancers, younger patient age, absence of lymphatic tumour emboli and lower stage were significantly associated with better prognosis of MPGC by univariate analysis. Tumours macroscopically resembling early gastric cancers, younger patient age and Lauren's diffuse type were significantly associated with a better prognosis of MPGC by multivariate analysis.Conclusions:  These indicators are practical parameters for predicting patient prognosis in clinical practice. The description of these parameters should be carefully noted in the final report and pathologists should evaluate the macroscopic appearance of MPGC.
Relationship between burnout and occupational stress among nurses in China
Authors: Wu Siying , Zhu Wei , Wang Zhiming , Wang Mianzhen , Lan Yajia 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Title. Relationship between burnout and occupational stress among nurses in China Aim.  This article is a report of a study of occupational burnout among nurses in China.Background.  Burnout is described as feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. It is well‐known that burnout is a major problem for many professions. Nurses are considered to be particularly susceptible to this. Measuring burnout among nurses is important because their well‐being has implications for stability in the healthcare workforce and for the quality of care provided.Method.  The sample consisted of 495 nurses from three provincial hospitals in China. The Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI‐GS) was used to measure burnout, and the Occupational Stress Inventory – Revised edition was used to measure two dimensions of occupational adjustment (occupational stress and coping resources). After statistical testing for validity and reliability of the MBI‐GS with nurses in China, participants’ scores were evaluated and analysed.Results.  Scores for burnout of surgical and medical nurses were statistically significantly higher than those of other nurses (P < 0·05). Lower educational status was associated with lower professional efficacy, and younger nurses reported higher levels of burnout. The most significant predictors of emotional exhaustion were role overload, responsibility, role insufficiency and self‐care (P < 0·05). The most significant predictors of cynicism were role insufficiency, role boundary, responsibility and self‐care (P < 0·05). The most significant predictors of professional efficacy were role insufficiency, social support and rational/cognitive coping (P < 0·05).Conclusion.  It is important to reduce occupational stress in nurses and to strengthen their coping resources to prevent burnout. This could be achieved with job redesign, modification of shiftwork systems, and by offering occupational health education.
Maternal Attachment Inventory: psychometric evaluation of the Korean version
Authors: Shin Hyunjeong , Kim Young Hee 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Title. Maternal Attachment Inventory: psychometric evaluation of the Korean version Aim.  This paper is a report of an assessment of the validity and reliability of the Korean language version of the Maternal Attachment Inventory.Background.  Although the Maternal Attachment Inventory has been widely used to measure mother–infant attachment, no psychometric evaluation of the measure with a Korean population has been reported.Method.  Data from 196 mothers within 6 weeks postpartum were collected during July to November 2003 and used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Maternal Attachment Inventory. Validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis, item‐to‐subscale correlations, and correlations with other theoretically relevant variables (maternal foetal attachment and maternal sensitivity). For reliability testing, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, item analyses, and subscale‐to‐total correlations were examined.Findings.  Factor analysis showed that the Korean version had three factors explaining 62·9% of the variance. Item‐to‐subscale correlation coefficients ranged from 0·49 to 0·91. Correlation coefficients between the Maternal Attachment Inventory and both maternal foetal attachment and maternal sensitivity ranged from 0·10 to 0·64. However, correlations between the third factor scores and both maternal foetal attachment scores and maternal sensitivity scores were not statistically significant. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0·65 to 0·94. Correlation coefficients of the inter‐item analysis ranged from −0·01 to 0·87. Corrected item‐total correlation coefficients were 0·31–0·82. Subscale‐to‐total correlation coefficients of the Maternal Attachment Inventory ranged from 0·52 to 0·92.Conclusion.  Most items of the Korean version of the Maternal Attachment Inventory were adequate for measuring mothers’ affectionate attachment. The instrument, however, exhibited weaknesses in the psychometric properties related to validity and reliability, particularly regarding the three items included in the third factor. More studies using factor analysis of the Maternal Attachment Inventory are needed.
Finite study areas and vital rates: sampling effects on estimates of spotted owl survival and population trends
Authors: ZIMMERMAN GUTHRIE S. , GUTIÉRREZ R.J. , LAHAYE WILLIAM S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryEvaluating the status of endangered wildlife depends upon well‐designed field studies. Finances and logistics often constrain field studies to finite (limited‐sized) areas where inductive inferences are needed to extrapolate results to populations. Although available quantitative techniques for analysing data are robust to many aspects of field investigations, few investigators assess the influence of their study area size on estimators of population parameters and subsequent inferences derived from those estimators.We used mark–recapture to monitor an entire population of spotted owlsStrix occidentalisin the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California (2140 km2) for which we knew the approximate true rate of survival. We defined hypothetical study areas of varying size by subsampling the population in increments of five territories; we then estimated apparent survival and emigration for non‐juvenile and juvenile owls within each of these sample study areas to assess the influence of study area size on estimators of survival and population trends.Estimated survival rates of juvenile spotted owls increased approximately fourfold from the smallest sample area to the largest (min = 0·08,SÊ = 0·03;max = 0·33,SÊ = 0·03). In contrast, estimates of apparent survival for non‐juvenile owls did not vary with study area size (rangenon‐juvenile = 0·80–0·82,SÊ = 0·01–0·03).Juvenile emigration was extremely high in the smallest study area (juvenile = 0·77,SÊ = 0·09) and remained above 10% until > 62% of our study area (approximately 900 km2) was encompassed by a sample study area. Non‐juvenile owls had low annual emigration probabilities from all sample study area sizes (rangenon‐juvenile = 0·00–0·02).Although estimates of λ (finite population growth rate) increased gradually from 0·828 to 0·903 as the subsample increased from 20 to 143 territories, these estimates were similar to the ‘true’ value.Synthesis and applications.We provide direct estimates of the bias that sampling limited study areas has on emigration and mark–recapture estimators of survival. Our results demonstrate that permanent emigration from limited study areas can lead to underestimates of survival and population growth rates. In addition, our approach illustrates a technique for using multistate models to assess study design and estimator assumptions.
Genetic reconstruction of the population dynamics of a carnivorous marsupial (Antechinus flavipes) in response to floods
Authors: LADA HANIA , MAC NALLY RALPH , TAYLOR ANDREA C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHuman activities such as regulating river flows, logging and removing fallen timber adversely affect floodplain ecosystems around the world. Studies of the dynamics of floodplain‐dwelling populations will help to understand the effects of altered flood regimes and to manage and restore floodplains. The yellow‐footed antechinus (Antechinus flavipes) is the only small, native, carnivorous mammal (Marsupialia) on many degraded floodplains in south‐eastern Australia, where its abundance appears to increase with proximity to floods, which is partly due to enhanced survival (as inferred from increased abundance of second‐year females). We analysed population genetic patterns and maternity among samples collected following the period of postnatal dispersal, in the years preceding and following planned floods, at different distances from flood locations along the Murray River. Our genic and genotypic analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region haplotypes and 11 microsatellite loci demonstrated high immigration rates into sites in close proximity to floods. All sampled males emigrated from their natal sites to points of capture, while some females were philopatric. There were high rates of dispersal of males among all sites within a partially flooded forest, while females dispersed more to locations closest to inundations rather than to distant places. These results suggest that environmental flows are beneficial to antechinus both by enhancing adult survival and promoting dispersal of females.
Bioluminescence in Vibrio fischeri is controlled by the redox‐responsive regulator ArcA
Authors: Bose Jeffrey L. , Kim Unmi , Bartkowski Wojciech , Gunsalus Robert P. , Overley Ashley M. , Lyell Noreen L. , Visick Karen L. , Stabb Eric V. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryBioluminescence generated by the Vibrio fischeri Lux system consumes oxygen and reducing power, and it has been proposed that cells use this to counteract either oxidative stress or the accumulation of excess reductant. These models predict that lux expression should respond to redox conditions; yet no redox‐responsive regulator of lux is known. We found that the luxICDABEG operon responsible for bioluminescence is repressed by the ArcAB system, which is activated under reducing conditions. Consistent with a role for ArcAB in connecting redox monitoring to lux regulation, adding reductant decreased luminescence in an arc‐dependent manner. ArcA binds to and regulates transcription from the luxICDABEG promoter, and it represses luminescence both in the bright strain MJ1 and in ES114, an isolate from the squid Euprymna scolopes that is not visibly luminescent in culture. In ES114, deleting arcA increased luminescence in culture ∼500‐fold to visible levels comparable to that of symbiotic cells. ArcA did not repress symbiotic luminescence, but by 48 h after inoculation, ArcA did contribute to colonization competitiveness. We hypothesize that inactivation of ArcA in response to oxidative stress during initial colonization derepresses luxICDABEG, but that ArcAB actively regulates other metabolic pathways in the more reduced environment of an established infection.
DegU co‐ordinates multicellular behaviour exhibited by Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Verhamme Daniël T. , Kiley Taryn B. , Stanley‐Wall Nicola R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryUnicellular organisms use a variety of mechanisms to co‐ordinate activity within a community and accomplish complex multicellular processes. Because some of the processes that are exhibited by one species can be physiologically incompatible, it raises the question of how entry into these different pathways is regulated. In the Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, genetic competence, swarming motility, biofilm formation, complex colony architecture and protease production are all regulated by the response regulator DegU. DegU appears to integrate environmental signals and co‐ordinate multicellular behaviours that are subsequently manifested at different levels of DegU phosphorylation. Data are presented which indicate that: (i) swarming motility is activated by very low levels of DegU∼P that can be generated independently from its cognate sensor kinase DegS; (ii) complex colony architecture is activated by low levels of DegU∼P that are produced in a DegS‐dependent manner to activate transcription of yvcA, a novel gene required for complex colony architecture; and (iii) high levels of DegU∼P inhibit complex colony architecture and swarming motility but are required prior to the activation of exoprotease production. A model is proposed to explain why such a system may have evolved within B. subtilis to control these multicellular processes through a single regulator.
Triiodothyronine Modulates Differential Homing of Recent Thymic Emigrants to Peripheral Lymphoid Organs
Authors: Ribeiro‐Carvalho M. M. , Smaniotto S. , Neves‐dos‐Santos S. , Mouço T. , Savino W. , Mello‐Coelho V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe functioning of the immune system partially relies on T‐cell exportation from the thymus, the major site of T‐cell differentiation. Although the molecular mechanisms governing this process begin to be elucidated, it is not clear if thyroid hormones can alter the homing of recent thymic emigrants (RTE) to peripheral lymphoid organs. Herein, we investigated whether triiodothyronine (T3) could influence the homing of thymus‐derived T cells. For that we used intrathymic injection of T3 in combination with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to trace, 16 h later, FITC+ cells, termed RTE, in peripheral lymphoid organs. We observed that T3 stimulated thymocyte export, increasing the frequency of CD4+ RTE and CD8+ RTE in the subcutaneous and mesenteric lymph nodes. By contrast, the relative numbers of CD4+ RTE in the spleen were decreased. T3 also changed the differential distribution pattern of CD4+ RTE, and to a lesser extent CD8+ RTE in the peripheral lymphoid organs. Moreover, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as laminin and fibronectin, which are known to be involved in T‐cell migration, increased in the lymph nodes but not in the spleen following intrathymic T3 treatment. In conclusion, our data correspond to the first demonstration that in vivo treatment with thyroid hormone stimulates thymic T‐cell homing and T‐cell distribution in peripheral lymphoid organs.
Effect of Insulin‐like Growth Factor‐I on Leishmania amazonensis Promastigote Arginase Activation and Reciprocal Inhibition of NOS2 Pathway in Macrophage In vitro
Authors: Vendrame C. M. V. , Carvalho M. D. T. , Rios F. J. O. , Manuli E. R. , Petitto‐Assis F. , Goto H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe showed previously that insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I induces an exacerbation of the lesion development in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis favouring parasite growth within host macrophages. Here we studied the effect of IGF‐I in vitro in BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages infected with stationary phase Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. IGF‐I was used to pre‐incubate either macrophage or parasite before infection of the macrophages or adding it at the start of the Leishmania–macrophage culture and maintaining it throughout the experimental period. Independent of stimulation protocol, IGF‐I induced significantly increased parasite growth within macrophages. Arginase activation considered as a key factor in Leishmania growth was studied, and its expression and activity were increased in Leishmania‐infected macrophages but significantly more in infected cells upon IGF‐I stimulus, an effect specifically inhibited by NOHA. Arginase known to be present on Leishmania was also studied, and its expression and activity were seen in the absence of any stimulus but significantly increased after 5 min of incubation with IGF‐I. In addition, Leishmania was pre‐incubated with NOHA for 5 min, washed, then macrophages infected observing a significantly reduced parasite burden in both IGF‐I‐stimulated and non‐stimulated macrophages. Reciprocal decrease in the nitric oxide (NO) level and inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression were also observed in IGF‐I‐stimulated infected macrophages. Our data strongly suggest that IGF‐I induces preferential expression and activation of Leishmania promastigote arginase, contributes to the alternative activation of macrophages in the context of innate immunity and interferes with NOS pathway in infected macrophages probably as a reciprocal effect.
IFN‐γ, But Not Nitric Oxide or Specific IgG, is Essential for the In vivo Control of Low‐virulence Sylvio X10/4 Trypanosoma cruzi Parasites
Authors: Marinho C. R. F. , Nuñez‐Apaza L. N. , Martins‐Santos R. , Bastos K. R. B. , Bombeiro A. L. , Bucci D. Z. , Sardinha L. R. , Lima M. R. D. , Álvarez J. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHighly virulent strains of Trypanosoma cruzi are frequently used as murine models of Chagas’ disease. However, these strains do not fully represent the spectrum of parasites involved in the human infection. In this paper, we analysed parasitaemia, mortality, tissue pathology and parasite‐specific IgG serum levels in immune‐deficient mice infected with Sylvio X10/4 parasites, a T. cruzi derived from a chagasic patient that yields very low parasitaemias and in C3H/HePAS mice induces a chronic cardiopathy resembling the human disease. IFN‐γ was identified as a crucial element for parasite control as its absence determined a drastic increase in parasitaemia, tissue parasitism, leukocyte infiltrates at the heart and striated muscles and mortality. The lack of IFN‐γ or IL‐12p40, a molecule shared by IL‐12 and IL‐23, also resulted in spinal cord lesions and a progressive paralysis syndrome. Whereas IgG2a was the main Ig isotype in infected C57BL/6 mice, IL‐12p40‐KO mice produced IgG2a and IgG1 and IFN‐γ‐KO mice produced only IgG1. The IFN‐γ‐protective effect was not essentially mediated by nitric oxide (NO), inasmuch as infected iNOS‐KO mice showed no parasitaemia and low tissue damage. Mice deficient in CD4+ or CD8+ T cells showed an intermediate phenotype with increased mortality and tissue pathology but no parasitaemia. Interestingly, CD28‐KO mice were unable to produce anti‐T. cruzi IgG antibodies but presented moderate tissue pathology and managed to control the infection. Thus, differently from infections with high virulence parasites, neither IgG, NO nor CD28‐mediated signalling are essential for the non‐sterile control of Sylvio X10/4 parasites.
Field geometry, petrography and geochemistry of a dolomitization front (Late Jurassic, central Lebanon)
Authors: NADER FADI H. , SWENNEN RUDY , ELLAM ROB M. , Immenhauser Adrian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis contribution describes the field geometry, petrography and geochemistry of a well‐exposed dolomitization front in Upper Jurassic carbonates, and attempts to highlight the sedimentological, structural and relative sea‐level controls on multiphase dolomitization and related diagenetic events. The data presented reflect the superposition of various diagenetic phases which have resulted in a single dolostone body, whose dimensions are well defined in the field. Local microbial intraclastic dolomites of Late Tithonian age accumulated in a hypersaline lagoon during relative sea‐level fall. These pre‐date beige hydrothermal dolostones (51 to 55 mol% CaCO3; δ18O: −9·3 to −4·0‰ V‐PDB; δ13C: −1·5 to +2·1‰ V‐PDB; 87Sr/86Sr: 0·70742; matrix porosity: ≈6%; Klinkenberg permeability: ≈0·5 mD), whose dolomitizing fluid circulated along faults and invaded the nearby facies. First, the burrows were dolomitized, then the bulk rocks, resulting in the investigated ‘tongue’‐shaped dolomite body. Upon Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous uplift, near‐surface water percolated through – and altered – the underlying beige dolostones. This event was followed by a ferroan dolomite cement phase, which occurred during further burial. This contribution, featuring a well‐defined geometric pattern of a dolomitization front with a large petrographic and geochemical data set, may also serve as a case study illustrating the complexity of superimposed diagenetic processes which have to be taken into account in modelling exercises of multiphase hydrothermal dolomitization.