bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Localization as an Element of Cognitive Fit in Accounting Model Representations
Authors: Dunn Cheryl , Grabski Severin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCognitive fit, a correspondence between task and data representation format, has been demonstrated to lead to superior task performance by individual users and has been posited as an explanation for performance differences among users of various problem representations such as tables, graphs, maps, and schematic faces. The current study extends cognitive fit to accounting models and integrates cognitive fit theory with the concept of localization to provide additional evidence for how cognitive fit works. Two accounting model representations are compared in this study, the traditional DCA (Debit‐Credit‐Account) accounting model and the REA (Resources‐Events‐Agents) accounting model. Results indicate that the localization of relevant objects or linkages is important in establishing cognitive fit.
An Empirical Study of Equivalence Judgments vs. Ratio Judgments in Decision Analysis*
Authors: Lai Shih‐Kung 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo commonly used elicitation modes on strength of preference, equivalence and ratio judgments, were compared in an experiment. The result from the experiment showed that ratio judgments were less effective than equivalence judgments. Based on an iterative design for eliciting multiattribute preference structures, equivalence judgments outperformed ratio judgments in estimating single‐attribute measurable value functions, while being nearly more effective than ratio judgments in assessing multiattribute preference structures. The implications of the results from the experiment are that multiattribute decision‐making techniques should take advantage of the decision maker's inclination of making effective equivalence trade‐off judgments, and that useful techniques should be devised to incorporate different commonly used techniques, such as multiattribute utility theory and the Analytic Hierarchy Process, to elicit and consolidate equivalence trade‐off judgments.
Optimal Solutions for the Single Batch, Flow Shop, Lot‐streaming Problem with Equal Sublots
Authors: Kalir Adar A. , Sarin Subhash C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLot streaming is the process of splitting a production lot into sublots and then scheduling the sublots in overlapping fashion on the machines in order to improve the performance of the production system. Implementation of this concept arises in several batch production environments. These include, among others, printed circuit board assembly and semiconductor fabrication. There are several limitations in the lot‐streaming models available in the literature which affect their usefulness in reality. In this paper, we consider the single batch, flow shop, lot‐streaming problem but relax several of these limitations. The main contribution of this paper is to provide the production manager with a way of splitting a lot in order to optimize performance under various measures of performance and setup time considerations. In addition, the insight of the proposed procedure can be used to tackle more general versions of the problem considered.
Economic Production Lot Sizing with Periodic Costs and Overtime*
Authors: Robinson E. Powell , Sahin Funda 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTraditional approaches for modeling economic production lot‐sizing problems assume that a single, fixed equipment setup cost is incurred each time a product is run, regardless of the quantity manufactured. This permits multiple days of production from one production setup. In this paper, we extend the model to consider additional fixed charges, such as cleanup or inspection costs, that are associated with each time period's production. This manufacturing cost structure is common in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, where process equipment must be sanitized between item changeovers and at the end of each day's production. We propose two mathematical problem formulations and optimization algorithms. The models' unique features include regular time production constraints, a fixed charge for each time period's production, and the availability of overtime production capacity. Experimental results indicate the conditions under which our algorithms' performance is superior to traditional approaches. We also test the procedures on a set of lot‐sizing problems facing a national food processor and document their potential economic benefit.
Improving Computer Training Effectiveness for Decision Technologies: Behavior Modeling and Retention Enhancement*
Authors: Yi Mun Y. , Davis Fred D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractManagers and analysts increasingly need to master the hands‐on use of computer‐based decision technologies including spreadsheet models. Effective training can prevent the lack of skill from impeding potential effectiveness gains from decision technologies. Among the wide variety of software training approaches in use today, recent research indicates that techniques based on behavior modeling, which consists of computer skill demonstration and hands‐on practice, are among the most effective for achieving positive training outcomes. The present research examines whether the established behavior‐modeling approach to software training can be improved by adding a retention enhancement intervention as a substitute for, or complement to, hands‐on practice. One hundred and eleven trainees were randomly assigned to one of three versions of a training program for spreadsheets: retention enhancement only, practice only, and retention enhancement plus practice. Results obtained while controlling for total training time indicate that a combination of retention enhancement and practice led to significantly better cognitive learning than practice alone. The initial difference in cognitive achievement was still evident one week after training. Implications for future computer training research and practice are discussed.
An Improved Security Requirement for Data Perturbation with Implications for E‐Commerce
Authors: Muralidhar Krishnamurty , Sarathy Rathindra , Parsa Rahul 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWith the rapid increase in the ability to store and analyze large amounts of data, organizations are gathering extensive data regarding their customers, vendors, and other entities. There has been a concurrent increase in the demand for preserving the privacy of confidential data that may be collected. The rapid growth of e‐commerce has also increased calls for maintaining privacy and confidentiality of data. For numerical data, data perturbation methods offer an easy yet effective solution to the dilemma of providing access to legitimate users while protecting the data from snoopers (legitimate users who perform illegitimate analysis). In this study, we define a new security requirement that achieves the objective of providing access to legitimate users without an increase in the ability of a snooper to predict confidential information. We also derive the specifications under which perturbation methods can achieve this objective. Numerical examples are provided to show that the use of the new specification achieves the objective of no additional information to the snooper. Implications of the new specification for e‐commerce are discussed.
Strategic Manufacturing Planning Systems and Their Linkage to Planning System Success
Authors: Papke‐Shields Karen E. , Malhotra Manoj K. , Grover Varun 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAcademics and practitioners alike are focusing more attention on manufacturing strategy after having recognized the important role it plays in shaping the success of industrial firms. Even though research in this area has increased in the last decade, the focus of much of that work has been on the content rather than the process of the manufacturing strategy. Consequently, this study attempts to understand the important elements of the strategic manufacturing planning process and its effectiveness. Borrowing from the extant literature in the fields of strategic management and information systems, we propose a research model that relates strategic manufacturing planning system design to planning system success. Using structured questionnaires, empirical data is collected from over 200 manufacturing executives to test the model hypotheses. Planning process in manufacturing was found to be a bottom‐up approach from a corporate or business perspective, which differs from the top‐down planning process prevalent in strategic information systems planning process. Findings also indicate that greater planning system success in manufacturing is associated with a planning system that combines some “rational” elements (formality, comprehensiveness, control focus, longer horizon) with others that lend adaptability (wider participation and more intense interaction). But the strategic manufacturing planning system is more than just a collection of independent planning characteristics. Instead, it can be viewed as a gestalt planning system whereby planning characteristics move together in affecting overall planning system success.
Channel Strategies and Stocking Policies in Uncapacitated and Capacitated Supply Chains*
Authors: Mahajan Jayashree , Radas Sonja , Vakharia Asoo J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA supply chain consisting of a single supplier distributing two independent products through multiple retailers is analyzed in this paper. The supplier needs to incentivize its retailers to adopt stocking policies that are mutually advantageous and that result in the optimal level of market coverage. The focus is on determining the optimal stocking policies for retailers and the resulting distribution strategy given that the supplier has either unlimited or limited capacity. The results provide insights on the optimal distribution strategy and stocking policies for the supply chain. In general, the paper shows that it is optimal for the supplier to use an intensive distribution strategy (i.e., the products are stocked by all retailers). Selective or exclusive strategies are optimal only when retailers are risk averse, stocking synergies exist, and there are differences in demand or supply uncertainties across products. The analysis also shows that retailers hold larger stocks of a product which generates higher supplier margins but only when the supplier has unlimited capacity. If the supplier has limited capacity, then their margins have no effect on retailers' stocking decisions. Contrary to conventional wisdom, retailers hold larger stocks of a product that has less demand uncertainty as compared to one that has more demand uncertainty.
The Impact of Forecast Errors on Early Order Commitment in a Supply Chain*
Authors: Zhao Xiande , Xie Jinxing , Wei Jerry C. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTSupply chain partnership involves mutual commitments among participating firms. One example is early order commitment, wherein a retailer commits to purchase a fixed‐order quantity and delivery time from a supplier before the real need takes place. This paper explores the value of practicing early order commitment in the supply chain. We investigate the complex interactions between early order commitment and forecast errors by simulating a supply chain with one capacitated supplier and multiple retailers under demand uncertainty. We found that practicing early order commitment can generate significant savings in the supply chain, but the benefits are only valid within a range of order commitment periods. Different components of forecast errors have different cost implications to the supplier and the retailers. The presence of trend in the demand increases the total supply chain cost, but makes early order commitment more appealing. The more retailers sharing the same supplier, the more valuable for the supply chain to practice early order commitment. Except in cases where little capacity cushion is available, our findings are relatively consistent in the environments where cost structure, number of retailers, capacity utilization, and capacity policy are varied.
The Production of Several Items in a Single Facility with Linearly Changing Demand Rates
Authors: Wagner Bret J. , Davis Darwin J. , Kher Hemant V. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn this paper we extend the ELSP model to allow for linearly changing demand rates over a fixed planning horizon. This extension of the ELSP research provides a model that can be used in coordinating the production and marketing planning activities in a firm. The model allows the user to evaluate the impact of changes in product demand on production costs and customer service. We solve the model using a standard nonlinear programming package (MINOS) and show through examples based on actual production data how the model can be used to support coordinated production and marketing planning.
A Framework for Estimating Benefits of Using Auctions in Revenue Management*
Authors: Baker Tim , Murthy Nagesh N. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTWe develop a stochastic model to explore the benefits of incorporating auctions in revenue management. To the best of our knowledge the extant literature on modeling in revenue management has not considered auctions. We consider three models, namely, a traditional fixed price (non‐auction) model, a pure auction model, and a hybrid auction model and evaluate their revenue performance under a variety of conditions. The hybrid approach outperforms the other two in all 24 scenarios and yields an average revenue increase of 16.1% over the next best. A surprise finding is that there is no significant difference between the performance of the fixed price and pure auction approaches. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the relative superiority of the hybrid revenue management strategy is reasonably robust.
e‐Business and Supply Chain Management
Authors: Vakharia Asoo J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the area of Supply Chain Management has generated a substantial amount of interest both by managers and researchers. This interest has also been fueled by the growth in the development and application of e‐business technologies. These technologies enable the supply chain manager to make coordinated decisions by integrating the diverse and sometimes conflicting objectives of the various trading partners in a chain. The purpose of this paper is to: (a) highlight strategic and tactical issues for analyzing supply chains in an e‐business setting based on papers published in this special issue; and (b) describe future research opportunities in this emerging interdisciplinary area.
Flow Coordination and Information Sharing in Supply Chains: Review, Implications, and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Sahin Funda , Robinson E. Powell 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAdvances in information technology, particularly in the e‐business arena, are enabling firms to rethink their supply chain strategies and explore new avenues for inter‐organizational cooperation. However, an incomplete understanding of the value of information sharing and physical flow coordination hinder these efforts. This research attempts to help fill these gaps by surveying prior research in the area, categorized in terms of information sharing and flow coordination. We conclude by highlighting gaps in the current body of knowledge and identifying promising areas for future research.
e‐Integration in the Supply Chain: Barriers and Performance*
Authors: Frohlich Markham T. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTCurrent opinion holds that Internet‐based supply chain integration with upstream suppliers and downstream customers (called “e‐integration” in this paper) is superior to traditional ways of doing business. This proposition remains untested, however, and similarly we know little about what are the upstream, internal, and downstream barriers to implementing e‐integration. This paper empirically addressed these questions using data from a large single nation study, and found (1) a positive link between e‐integration and performance, and (2) that internal barriers impeded e‐integration more than either upstream supplier barriers or downstream customer barriers. Findings from this study contribute to our theoretical understanding of implementing change in contemporary supply chains, and have important implications for manufacturers interested in improving their supply chain's performance using the Internet.
Effects of bisphosphonate on the mandible of rats in the growing phase with steroid‐induced osteoporosis
Authors: Kimura E , Nishioka T , Hasegawa K , Maki K 
Published: June 2007

Aim:  The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of bisphosphonate on the mandible of rats in the growing phase with steroid‐induced osteoporosis, and to estimate the biomechanical response in the mandibular bone.Materials and methods:  Eight‐week‐old male Wistar rats (n = 50) were assigned to a 6‐week control (Co‐6) group, 6‐week steroid (St) group, 9‐week control (Co‐9) group, 9‐week steroid + standard diet (StSD) group, or 9‐week steroid + standard diet + bisphosphonate (StSDBp) group. The mandibular bone was evaluated by two‐dimensional bone density measurement (PDS‐15), three‐dimensional pQCT, and quantitative analysis of Ca, P, Mg, and Zn using a sequential high frequency plasma spectrometer (ICPS‐8000).Results:  In PDS‐15 analysis, the bone density converted to aluminum equivalent was higher in StSDBp group when compared with the StSD group, and no significant difference was observed in bone density between St group and Co‐6 group. In pQCT analysis, trabecular bone density and mineral content were significantly higher, while all other bone parameters were significantly lower in St group when compared with the Co‐6 group. The densities of trabecular and cortical bones, mineral content and cross‐sectional area of cortical bone, and non‐invasive stress strain index with reference to x and yaxes were higher in StSDBp group than in StSD group. In quantitative analyses, Ca and P were markedly higher in StSDBp group than in StSD group, while there were no differences in Mg and Zn.Conclusion:  Bisphosphonate treatment increases trabecular and cortical bone parameters in the mandible of growing rats with steroid‐induced osteoporosis.
THIN‐LAYER DRYING KINETICS OF SESAME HULLS UNDER FORCED CONVECTION AND OPEN SUN DRYING
Authors: AL‐MAHASNEH MAJDI A. , RABABAH TAHA M. , AL‐SHBOOL MOHAMMAD A. , YANG W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT Sesame hulls are a useful by‐product of the sesame processing industry. The sesame hulls are produced at a high moisture content (68% wet basis) and need further drying to prevent deterioration. In this study, both open sun drying (OSD) and forced convection drying (FCD) at 42, 55, and 76C and 1.2 m/s air velocity were investigated. Six common thin‐layer drying models were fitted to the experimental data. Several statistical parameters were used to evaluate the performance of thin‐layer drying models, including r2, x2, root mean square error (RMSE) and residuals. Sesame hull drying was found to take place completely in the falling rate region. The modified Page model was found to describe OSD data well, while the Wang and Singh model was the best model for describing FCD. Effective diffusivity was found to be 1.89 × 10‐8 m2/s and 7.36 × 10‐10 to 1.20 × 10‐9 m2/s for OSD and FCD, respectively. Activation energy was also found to be 12.95 kJ/mol for FCD.
Evaluation of a New Chromogenic Medium, chromID VRE, for Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Stool Samples and Rectal Swabs
Authors: Delmas Julien , Robin Frédéric , Schweitzer Cédric , Lesens Olivier , Bonnet Richard 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

We compared ChromID VRE medium with Enterococcosel containing vancomycin for the detection of vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus
in 1,007 specimens. ChromID VRE in combination with Gram straining provided a higher specificity than Enterococcosel, irrespective of the incubation time and enrichment.
Shelf Life of Predosed Plates Containing Mefloquine, Artemisinin, Dihydroartemisinin, and Artesunate as Used for In Vitro
Plasmodium falciparum
Susceptibility Assessment
Authors: Houzé Sandrine , Munier Aline , Paoletti Xavier , Kaddouri Halima , Ringwald Pascal , Le Bras Jacques 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

The shelf lives of preserved antimalarial agent-predosed plates according to the type of wrapping and the temperature of storage were studied by measuring the 50% inhibitory concentrations of drug for
Plasmodium falciparum
3D7. The shelf life of mefloquine was 8 weeks at 25°C; and those of artesunate, artemisinin, and dihydroartemisinin were a minimum of 24, 12, and 8 weeks, respectively, at 4°C.
Vpr Cytopathicity Independent of G
2
/M Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected CD4
+
T Cells
Authors: Bolton Diane L. , Lenardo Michael J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

The mechanism of CD4
+
T-cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals remains unknown, although mounting evidence suggests that direct viral cytopathicity contributes to this loss. The HIV-1 Vpr accessory protein causes cell death and arrests cells in the G
2
/M phase; however, the molecular mechanism underlying these properties is not clear. Mutation of hydrophobic residues on the surface of its third alpha-helix disrupted Vpr toxicity, G
2
/M arrest induction, nuclear localization, and self-association, implicating this region in multiple Vpr functions. Cytopathicity by virion-delivered mutant Vpr protein correlated with G
2
/M arrest induction but not nuclear localization or self-association. However, infection with whole virus encoding these Vpr mutants did not abrogate HIV-1-induced cell killing. Rather, mutant Vpr proteins that are impaired for G
2
/M block still prevented infected cell proliferation, and this property correlated with the death of infected cells. Chemical agents that inhibit infected cells from entering G
2
/M also did not reduce HIV-1 cytopathicity. Combined, these data implicate Vpr in HIV-1 killing through a mechanism involving inhibiting cell division but not necessarily in G
2
/M. Thus, the hydrophobic region of the third alpha-helix of Vpr is crucial for mediating G
2
/M arrest, nuclear localization, and self-association but dispensable for HIV-1 cytopathicity due to residual cell proliferation blockade mediated by a separate region of the protein.