bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of alismol isolated from alismatis rhizoma on experimental hypertensive models in rats
Authors: Yamahara Johji , Kobayashi Goro , Iwamoto Masatsugu , Matsuda Hisashi , Fujimura Hajime 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe antihypertensive action of alismol, a sesquiterpenoid isolated from Alismatis Rhizoma, the rhizome of Alisma orientale Juzepczuk (Alismataceae), was examined in various experimental hypertensive models in rats and the effect of alismol on the activation of plasma renin, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and the level of aldosterone were examined in 2‐kidney, 1‐clip hypertensive model. Alismol caused a sustained, though weak, antihypertensive action in all the experimental models, but did not significantly affect the plasma renin activity, ACE activity and the level of aldosterone.
Effect of alismol isolated from Alismatis Rhizoma on working heart perfusion in rat
Authors: Yamahara Johji , Matsuda Hisashi , Kobayashi Goro , Katayama Taiichi , Fujimura Hajime 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of alismol (Oshima et al., 1983), a sesquiterpenoid isolated from Alismatis Rhizoma which is used as a Chinese crude drug, was studied on rat isolated heart using the working heart perfusion technique. Alismol decreased cardiac output, heart rate and left ventricular pressure, but it increased coronary flow. The drug has been used for the prevention of anginal attacks and our results provide a pharmacological basis for one of the traditional medicinal effects of Alismatis Rhizoma.
Antiinflammatory effects of the fruit juice of Ecballium elaterium on edemas in mice
Authors: Yesilada Erdem , Tanaka Shigeo , Tabata Mamoru , Sezik Ekrem 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe anti‐inflammatory activities of the fruit juice of Ecballium elaterium (Cucurbitaceae) and its triterpenoid constituent, cucurbitacin B, were tested in mice against serotonin‐ and bradykinin‐induced edemas. Both showed a dose‐dependent and significant inhibition of edema. Cucurbitacin B content of fruit juice was determined to 2.48% by HPLC.
Effect of Desmodium adscendens fraction F1 (DAF1) on tone and agonist‐induced contractions of guinea pig airway smooth muscle
Authors: Addy Marian E. , Burka John F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCumulative concentration‐response curves (CCRC) of histamine, carbachol and leukotriene D, (LTD4), and relaxation curves were used to evaluate the nature of the modulation of allergic airway smooth muscle contraction of Desmodium adrcendens fraction F1 (DAF1). DAM significantly increased the maximal contractions (Emax) of tracheal spirals for all three agonists, and significantly increased the pD, values for histamine and carbachol, but decreased that for LTD4. On lung parenchymal strips DAM had no significant effect on the shape of the CCRC, the pD, value or Emax for histamine and carbachol. A significant decrease in the pD, value for LTD4, was observed at DAM concentrations of 0.3 and 0.9mg/mL. At the higher concentration, the decrease was accompanied by an equally significant decrease in the Emax. DAF1 per se, caused relaxation of tracheal spirals. The results indicate that DAF1's effect includes a reduction in sensitivity and responsiveness to LTD4‐induced contractions.
Prophylactic aromatherapy for supervening infections in patients with chronic bronchitis. Statistical evaluation conducted in clinics against a placebo
Authors: Ferley J. P. , Poutignat N. , Zmirou D. , Azzopardi Y. , Balducci F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA controlled clinical trial was conducted during the winter 1985–1986 with 182 patients with chronic bronchitis living in institutions to evaluate the effectiveness of ‘Gouttes aux Essences’ (Essence Drops), a well known mixture in aromatherapy to prevent supervening bronchial infections. Although the overall number of supervening infections and their characteristics were not modified by the treatment, the frequency of relapse at least appears to have been significantly lowered in the group receiving treatment compared to the group receiving placebo.
Millettia thonningii molluscicide: A rapid knockdown cercaricide for schistosome cercariae
Authors: Squire Barbara J. , Whitfield Philip J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSuspensions of ground seed material from the West African legume, Millettia thonningii, have previously been shown to be molluscicidal to schistosome‐transmitting snails and thus potentially useful as a control agent for schistosomiasis. It is demonstrated here that Millettia seed suspensions, in addition to their molluscicidal action, show considerable toxicity towards the infective cercarial stage of Schistosoma mansoni, a causative agent of human intestinal schistosomiasis. This toxicity consists of a rapid knockdown effect on the cercariae, producing unresponsive immobility in times from 11 to 42 min in a concentration range from 500 to 100 parts per million. Filtering reduced the speed of this effect. Cercaricidal activity of the suspensions is also demonstrated in a range of unfiltered suspension concentrations, with 100% mortality occurring from 120 to 310 min after exposure. This potent action will add to the potential effectiveness of a Millettia molluscicide preparation when used as a control agent for schistosomiasis.
A review of some antimicrobial compounds isolated from medicinal plants reported in the literature 1978–1988
Authors: Redo M. C. , Rios J. L. , Villar A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper reviews the literature on recent antimicrobial plant products (1978–1988) and medicinal plants used for the treatment of infectious diseases. The review includes accounts of extracts, essential oils and other active principles isolated from plants that have been used in folk medicine as antimicrobial agents. The name and part of the plants studied, the spectrum of activity, type of active compounds and methods used are discussed, as are their mechanisms of action.
Effect of tormentic acid on insulin secretion in isolated rat islets of langerhans
Authors: Ivorra M. D. , Paya M. , Villar A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTonnentic acid was isolated as the hypoglycemic agent of Poterium ancistroides Desf. The present study reports effects of this compound on isolated islets of Langerhans. We demonstrate that tormentic acid in the presence of 1.66 mM glucose initiates insulin secretion by isolated rat islets of Langerhans in a dose‐dependent fashion at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 mM. However, the compound has no effect on the insulin‐releasing capacity of 16.6 mM glucose. Similar results were obtained with the sulfonylurea glibenclamide (0.01 mM) used as a reference. These results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of tormentic acid is due to a diect effect of the compound in vitro.
Anti‐inflammatory activity of Orbignia phalerata in rats
Authors: Maia M. B. S. , Rao V. S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe chloroformic extract of the dried fruits of Orbignia phalerata exhibited potent anti‐inflammatory properties as shown by the inhibition of carrageenannduced acute inflammation, cotton pellet granuloma and formalin‐induced arthritis in rats. It did not show any CNS sedative, narcotic or antipyretic effects. A mild analgesic effect which may be of peripheral origin was noticed in the acetic‐induced writhing test in mice. The extract, unlike phenylbutazone, neither influenced leucocyte migration into carrageenan‐impregnated polyester‐sponges nor enhanced the bleeding time in the mesenteric vein micropuncture study. It did not provoke gastric lesions on continuous medication for a consecutive period of 21 days in rats. These results provide a scientific validation of its traditional use in arthritic conditions, and suggest that the drug may be a useful alternative to anti‐inflammatory drugs presently available with a different spectrum of activity.
Screening of some Somalian medicinal plants for antidiarrhoeal effects in mice
Authors: Claeson Per , Samuelsson Gunnar 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAqueous extracts of 10 plants, used in Somalian traditional medicine for treatment of diarrhoeal diseases, have been screened for effects against cholera toxin‐induced intestinal hypersecretion in mice. Two extracts inhibited the hypersecretion more than 50% (compared to a control group, receiving saline). For two extracts the effect did not differ significantly from the controls. The rest of the extracts showed inhibiting activities ranging from 25% to 43%.
Isolation and identification of an antiinflammatory principle from santolina chamaecyparissus
Authors: Ríos J. L. , Giner R. M. , Villar A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe chloroform extract from Santolina chamaecyparissus squarrosa exhibited a potent anti‐inflammatory effect on carrageenan‐induced oedema in the rat hind paw. β‐Sytosteryl 3‐β‐D‐glucoside, isolated by fractionating this extract, was anti‐inflammatory in the above test, with intraperitoneal and oral ED50 values of 70 and 146 mg/kg, respectively.
Antimalarial activity of Tiliacora triandra diels against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro
Authors: Pavanand Katchrinnee , Webster H. Kyle , Yongvanitchit Kosol , Dechatiwongse Thaweephol 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPreparations from the roots of the Thai medicinal plant, Tiliacora triandra Diels, were found to have antimalarial activity against Plasmodium fakiparum in vitro. Methanol extraction yielded two alkaloidal components (water‐soluble and water‐insoluble). Only the water‐insoluble alkaloidal component showed an increase in antimalarial activity. From this component, five different alkaloids of the bisbenzyl‐isoquinoline group were isolated and identified as tiliacorine, tiliacorinine, nor‐tiliacorinine A, and two uncharacterized alkaloids G and H. Alkaloid G was found to be the most active in vitro schizontocide (ID50, 344 ng/mL) followed by nor‐tiliacorinine A and tiliacorine (ID50, 558 and 675 ng/mL, respectively).
Antispasmodic activity on rat smooth muscle of polyphenol compounds caffeic and protocathechic acids
Authors: Ortiz Urbina J. J. De , Martin M. L. , Sevilla M. A. , Montero M. J. , Carron R. , Roman L. San 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCaffeic and protocatechic acids demonstrated a non‐specific antispasmodic action on smooth muscle in several isolated organs of the rat. This action appeared to be related to calcium concentration. At certain doses, the test compounds enhanced the noradrenergic response in a manner similar to that of cocaine.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Brazilian plants
Authors: Lemos T. L. G. , Matos F. J. A. , Alencar J. W. , Craveiro A. A. , Clark A. M. , McChesney J. D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAmong ten essential oils submitted to antimicrobial evaluation, the oil from Lippia sidoides exhibited the highest and broadest activity against fungi and bacteria. Lippia oil was active against all test bacteria, including moderate activity against the Gram‐negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and all test fungi, including yeasts, a dermatophyte, and filamentous fungi.
Wogonin, 5,7‐dihydroxy‐8‐methoxyflavone as oestrogenic and anti‐implantational agent in the rat
Authors: Singh Pahup , Jain Sunita , Bhala Manju , Goyal Ravi Bala , Jayaprakash D. , Lohiya Nirmal K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWogonin, 5,7‐dihydroxy‐8‐methoxyflavone, extracted from Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. has been tested for oestrogenic and anti‐implantational activities in the rat. Wogonin displayed mild oestrogenic but effective anti‐implantational activities. In the three days uterotrophic bioassay, at a dose level of 10 mg/kg body weight per day, intramuscularly, the wet uterine and vaginal weights increased significantly. Wogonin at the same dose level when given intramuscularly from days 1–3, 4–6, 1–7 post coitum and orally from days 1–7 post coitum effectively inhibited implantation. However, when the drug was administered from days 7–9 post coitum, it did not affect the implantation, but interfered with normal development of the embryos which resulted in the resorption of foetuses. Wogonin, a mild oestrogenic compound, exhibited interceptory activity at all the stages of pregnancy.
Eugenol a valuable compound for in vitro experimental research and worthwhile for further in vivo investigation
Authors: Laekeman G. M. , van Hoof L. , Haemers A. , Berghe D. A. Vanden , Herman A. G. , Vlietinck A. J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEugenol and isoeugenol are responsible for several pharmacological activities exhibited by nutmeg preparations. We studied their antimicrobial and antiaggregation activity in vitro and their influence on platelet function ex vivo. At the same time biogenetically or metabolically related derivatives were tested. Eugenol and isoeugenol (1 mg/mL) showed pronounced antibacterial properties: growth inhibition of 6 out of 10 Gram + and Gram – microorganisms was comparable with neomycin (500 μg/mL). Growth inhibition was even more pronounced for Candida species in comparison with nystatin (5000 U/mL). Eugenol and some of its analogues inhibited growth of Aspergillus and Trichophyton species at concentrations of 100 μg/mL. However, cytotoxicity of the compounds will limit their systemical use. The IC50, of eugenol (3.0 × 10−7 M) and isoeugenol (7.2 × 10−7 M), were comparable with indomethacin (2.2 × 10−7 M) on platelet aggregation. Their free hydroxy group was necessary for pharmacological activity. Ex vivo results revealed a dose‐dependent blocking effect on the thromboxane biosynthesis by rat blood platelets: 66% inhibition by 50 mg/kg to 96% inhibition by 400 mg/kg. Eugenol and acetyleugenol given orally to rabbits had mean biological half‐lives of 95 and 60 min respectively. Eugenol might be an interesting basic structure for drug design.
Determination of photoanethole from a stored essential oil of anise fruits as 4,4′‐dimethoxystilbene by high performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet coupling
Authors: Miething Holger , Seger Volkmar , Hänsel Rudolf 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe identification in made of the so‐called photoanethole from a stored essential oil of anise fruits as 4,4′‐dimethoxystilbene using high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode‐array detection.
Seasonal variation of hypolaetin 8‐glucoside in Sideritis mugronensis borja
Authors: Máñez Salvador , Jiménez Adela , Villar Angel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA quantitative analysis of the antiinflammatory flavonoid hypolaetin 8‐glucoside from Sideritis mugronensis during an annual growth cycle was carried out. After an irregular increase in spring, the maximum levels were reached and maintained in early summer samples.
Study of antihepatotoxicity of Eupatorium cannabinum L. in mice. An adequate method of screening in vivo antihepatotoxic natural principles
Authors: Lexa A. , Fleurentin J. , Younos C. , Mortiert F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn adequate model to test in vivo antihepatotoxic properties of aqueous extract of E. cannabinum and, in extension, of other natural compounds, is presented using mice. The aqueous extract was administered before and after CCI4 intoxication: it decreased the ALAT plasmatic level in pretreatment but it is not efficient in post‐treatment. Eupatoriopicrin, the major sesquiterpenic lactone of the plant was not antihepatoxic at the dose contained in the extract.
Antifilarial activity of Argyria speciosa against Setaria cervi in vitro
Authors: Parveen Nazneen , Khan Nizam U. , Singhal K. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Argyria speciosa on the spontaneous movements of both the whole worm and a nerve/muscle preparation of Setaria cervi, and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro, was studied. Both extracts caused the inhibition of spontaneous movements of the whole worm and the nerve/muscle preparation of S. cervi, characterized by decrease in tone, amplitude and rate of contractions. The concentration required to inhibit the movements of the whole worm preparation was 150 μg/mL for the aqueous, and 75 μg/mL for the alcoholic extract. The concentration of A. speciosa extract required to produce an equivalent effect on the nerve/muscle preparation was 25 μg/mL for aqueous, and 50 ng/mL for the alcoholic extract.
Hypoglycemic effect of Opuntia ficus indica in non insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Frati Alberto C. , Jiménez Ernesto , Ariza C. Raúl 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo assess whether Opuntia ficus indica stems, or their crude preparations have hypoglycemic effects, 8 patients with non insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were studied. Four different tests were carried out on each patient following the oral intake of 500 g of O. ficus indica. These were either: entire broiled; blended broiled; blended crude or blended crude and heated at 60°C. A control test was performed in each patient as well. Serum glucose levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min. Glycemia decreased in all the patients following ingestion of O. ficus indica, and reached statistically significant levels after 120 and 180 min (p < 0.01). The major hypoglycemic effect shown after O. ficus indica administration ranged from 23.3 ± 4.4 to 25.4 ± 14.3 mg/dL (mean ± SD) below the glucose levels at 0 min. No statistical differences in the hypoglycemic effects were observed between the Opuntia ficus indica preparations. Opuntia ficus indica exerts hypoglycemic effects in NIDDM patients independent of its heating or blending during preparation.
In vitro and in vivo studies on capsaicin and membrane bound calcium interactions in the rat lung using chlorotetracycline (CTC) as a fluorescence probe
Authors: De Amit Krishna , Ghosh Jagat Jiban 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChlorotetracycline calcium fluorescence studies have been carried out on acute and chronic capsaicin treated rat lung mitochondria and microsome membrane fractions in the presence of different concentrations of capsaicin (1–100 nM) under in vivo conditions. Results indicate, that acute capsaicin treated rat lung membrane fractions are quite different from those that are chronically treated, with respect to capsaicin mediated calcium permeability, measured in terms of calcium induced CTC fluorescence alterations. It seems that the reported ‘activation’ phenomena of acute capsaicin treatment may be associated with calcium influx across the membrane. On the other hand, the reported ‘desensitization’ phenomena of chronic capsaicin treatment may be due to inhibition of capsaicin mediated calcium influx.
Comparative antiarrhythmic and anti‐ischaemic activity of some flavones in the guinea‐pig and rat
Authors: Occhiuto F. , Busa G. , Ragusa S. , de Pasquale A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA comparative study of 16 flavones was carried out using 4 experimental models: 1, hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmias induced by reperfusion in rat isolated heart; 2, arrhythmias following coronary artery ligation‐reperfusion in anaesthetized guinea‐pig; 3, pytressine arrhythmias by coronary spasm in anaesthetized guinea‐pig; and 4, anti‐ischaemic activity using an ex vivo perfusion heart technique after coronary occlusion in guinea‐pig. The structure effect relationships of flavone, 3‐hydroxyflavone, 6‐hydroxyflavone, 7‐hydroxyflavone, 6,7‐dihydroxyflavone, 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone, apigenin, apiin, diosmin, 5‐hydroxyflavone, luteolin, luteolin glycoside, orientin, pratol, rhoifolin, vitexin, tested as antiarrhythmic and anti‐ischaemic agents were compared to lidocaine and verapamil at equimolar doses. The results obtained demonstrated that most of these compounds exerted a protective effect against coronary‐spasm and coronary‐ligation induced ischaemic crisis, and against the ischaemic and the post‐ischaemic arrhythmias. The potencies were found to be structurally dependent for the flavones tested.
Withania somnifera extract. Its effect on arterial blood pressure in anaesthetized dogs
Authors: Ahumada F. , Aspee F. , Wikman G. , Hancke J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of Withania somnifera extract on arterial blood pressure in ‘normotensive’ pentobarbital anaesthetized dogs was studied. Also a possible effect of Withania somnifera on blood pressure in dogs administered either with adrenaline and acetylcholine was investigated. Thirty mongrel dogs of both sexes were distributed randomly in three series of ten animals each. Each animal was adminstered at intervals of 4 min with either a neurotransmitter, saline or the extract until a cycle of 32 minutes was completed. It is concluded that the Withania somnifera extract induced a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the arterial and diastolic blood pressure in ‘normotensive’ pentobarbital anaesthetized dogs. Withania also significantly prevented the hypotensive effect of acetyltholine and increased the hypertensive effect of adrenaline.
Inhibitory effects of the sesquiterpene T‐cadinol on contractile responses in the isolated guinea‐pig ileum
Authors: Zygmunt Peter , Claeson Per 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe smooth muscle relaxing effect of the sesquiterpene T‐cadinol, isolated from scented myrrh (resin of Commiphora guidottii Chiov., Burseraceae), was investigated. The compound inhibited the contractile responses in the isolated guinea‐pig ileum to histamine, carbachol, Ba2+ and K+ in a concentration dependent and reversible manner. The antagonism of the receptor‐mediated contractions induced by histamine and carbachol was not of a competitive type. The contractions induced by Ba2+‐ and K+ were somewhat more sensitive to the action of T‐cadinol than the receptor mediated contractions. It is suggested that the compound may interfere with a step of the contraction sequence common to all four spasmogens.
Antimicrobial effects of Allium sativum L. (garlic), Allium ampeloprasum L. (elephant garlic), and Allium cepa L. (onion), garlic compounds and commercial garlic supplement products
Authors: Hughes Bronwyn G. , Lawson Larry D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDiallyl thiosulphinate (allicin), methyl allyl thiosulphinate, and allyl methyl thiosulphinate found in aqueous garlic clove and powder homogenates showed in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities while garlic polar compounds, including alliin, did not. E/Z‐ajoene, a minor but water‐soluble transformation product of allicin found in vegetable oil‐macerates of garlic, demonstrated anticandidal activity. Garlic showed greater antibacterial and antifungal activities than a number of onion types. Garlic and elephant garlic clove homogenates demonstrated similar activity. The anticandidal activities of commercially available garlic supplement products corresponded in general to the activities known for the chemical compounds found in the products.
Tissue cultures of Withania somnifera: Morphogenesis and withanolide synthesis
Authors: Roja G. , Heble M. R. , Sipahimalani A. T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTissue cultures were established from axillary meristems of the plant Withania somnifera. Growth hormones influenced the morphogenetic responses of the cultures. The explants gave multiple shoots in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with benzyladenine (BA), rooting in MS+coconut milk (CM) (10%) and callus formation in MS+2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) (2.0 ppm). Callus cultures failed to synthesize withanolides. Multiple shoot cultures synthesized significant levels of withanolides and their concentrations varied with different growth hormones.