bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of strong motion records and a new parameter A95
Authors: Sarma S. K. , Yang K. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFrom the past studies of acceleration records, it is generally recognised that peak acceleration is not a suitable measure of the ground motion for design purposes. Usually, peak accelerations are difficult to predict. They occur in high frequency pulses containing very little energy and therefore are of little consequence. On the other hand acceleration has direct and useful application in engineering design.A new parameter A95 is introduced in this paper which is defined as that level of acceleration which contains up to 95 per cent of the Arias Intensity. From the study of 135 records, it is noticed that the variation of the fraction of Arias Intensity with acceleration level can be described by a very well defined relationship. It is also observed that A95 and Arias Intensity bear a stable relationship. Furthermore, the Arias Intensity at a site correlates more closely with the earthquake magnitude and the distance of the site from the source in attenuation relationships. From the available data, relationships are derived which show that there is a difference between the near‐field and the far‐field attenuation laws.The following relationships are obtained:
equation image
where Es = Arias Intensity, Ex = fraction of Arias Intensity above an acceleration level A, M = surface wave magnitude, R = nearest distance to the energy source or focal distance in km.
Exact dynamic member stiffnesses for a beam on an elastic foundation
Authors: Williams F. W. , Kennedy D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper gives exact Bernoulli–Euler dynamic flexural member equations for a uniform beam on an elastic foundation. These enable exact results to be obtained when the beam is included in free or sinusoidally forced vibration calculations for a plane or space frame, at any frequency. In addition, information is presented to ensure that no natural frequencies are missed in a free vibration analysis.
The saros–marmara earthquake of 9 August 1912
Authors: Ambraseys N. N. , Finkel C. F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper examines one of the largest earthquakes in the Balkans in this century which remains hitherto imperfectly known and in need of evaluation. It shows that, given certain conditions, it is perfectly feasible to study in detail an earthquake that occurred three‐quarters of a century ago. This earthquake destroyed more than 300 villages and towns, killing over 2,000 people just north of the Dardanelles. The earthquake, which had a magnitude of M = 7.4, was associated with an oblique, 50 km long fault‐break, and with the liquefaction of river deposits at large epicentral distances. Landslides and fire added to the damage which can be expressed in terms of a damage ratio that in turn allows the establishment of a loss–intensity relationship. The results may be used to estimate losses to houses of similar type due to future earthquakes.
Seismic response of foundations embedded in a layered half‐space
Authors: Luco J. E. , Wong H. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn integral equation technique to determine the response of foundations embedded in a layered viscoelastic half‐space when subjected to various types of seismic waves is presented. The technique is validated by comparison with previous results for rigid hemispherical and cylindrical foundations embedded in a uniform half‐space. Illustrative results for rigid cylindrical foundations embedded in layered media are also presented.
Torsional vibrations of elastic foundations embedded in an elastic half‐space
Authors: Rajapakse R. K. N. D. , Shah A. H. , Datta S. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the axisymmetric torsional vibrations of an elastic pile and a hemispherical foundation embedded in a homogeneous elastic half‐space. The embedded foundation–half‐space system is decomposed into an extended half‐space and a fictitious foundation. The deformations of the fictitious system are specified by an admissible function containing a set of generalized coordinates. The Lagrangian equations of motion are used to determine these coordinates associated with the assumed displacement function. Numerical results are presented for torsional impedance of an elastic pile and a hemisphere to illustrate the effects of relative flexibility and geometry. By employing certain simplifications on the pile–half‐space system an approximate closed form solution is presented for the torsional impedance of an elastic pile.
Two‐dimensional effective stress analysis of liquefaction of irregular ground including soil–structure interaction
Authors: Ohtsuki Akira , Itoh Tetsuji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn effective stress method is presented for analysis of seismic response and liquefaction of irregular ground including soil–structure interaction, based on an implicit–explicit finite element method. A pore water pressure is computed with iteration from the total stress considering an undrained condition. The simulated pore water pressure is in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data. The proposed method of analysis is compared with other well‐known methods for a one‐dimensional model, which is in good agreement. The present effective stress method is also applied to liquefaction problems involving a two‐dimensional soil–structure model. The structure is modelled by not only a rigid model but also as a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system with bi‐linear springs. The numerical results are considered to be significant from the viewpoint of earthquake engineering.
A technique for the analysis of the response of dams to earthquakes
Authors: Lotfi Vahid , Roesset Jose M. , Tassoulas John L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA finite element technique is developed for two‐dimensional problems of dynamics of dam–water–foundation systems taking into account all interactions rigorously. Water–foundation interaction, which previous developments have only simulated, is considered by imposing proper conditions at the fluid–solid interface. Furthermore, the technique permits treatment of layered foundations. An application to a concrete gravity dam–water–foundation system is presented and discussed.
Evaluation of code torsional provisions by a time history approach
Authors: Chandler A. M. , Hutchinson G. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPresented in this paper is a detailed parametric study of the coupled lateral and torsional response of single‐storey building models subjected to earthquake base loadings. The aim is to assess the influence of torsional coupling on the elastic responses of buildings subjected to transient ground motion records, and to make comparisons with current code provisions which make allowance for coupling effects by means of empirical design procedures. The study of building responses to selected earthquake excitations shows that the qualitative effects of the controlling parameters on the maximum translational and torsional responses of the coupled system are similar to those observed in analyses using idealized response spectra to represent the input ground motion. It is also demonstrated that for particular ranges of the key parameters defining the structural system, typical of the properties of many actual buildings, torsional coupling induces significant amplification of earthquake forces. This amplification is shown to be inadequately accounted for in the current design provisions of major building codes. Recommendations for improving existing design practice for asymmetric structures are outlined.
Fuzzy random vibration of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom hysteretic systems subjected to earthquakes
Authors: Wang Guang‐Yuan , Ou Jin‐Ping 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEarthquake excitation not only has evident randomness but also has strong fuzziness owing to the uncertainties in the definition of earthquake intensity and site soil classification. In this paper, the seismic ground motion is simulated as a stationary filtered white noise with fuzzy parameters, an analytical procedure is proposed to analyse the fuzzy random vibration of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) hysteretic systems, and the covariance matrix of the fuzzy random responses is derived by the equivalent linearization technique. Finally, some numerical results for a two‐storey shear hysteretic frame are presented to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the procedure proposed.
Validation of new equations for dynamic analyses of tall frame‐type structures
Authors: Kerr Arnold D. , El‐Sibaie Magdy A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe accuracy of the new equations for long frame‐type structures, derived by Kerr and Zarembski, and extended recently by Kerr and Accorsi also to dynamic analyses, is investigated. At first, the natural frequencies of a tall frame‐type structure, with twenty floors, are determined using the new equations, and then they are compared with the corresponding results calculated using the finite element method and the common shear‐building analysis. The found agreement with the finite element analysis is close.To check further the accuracy of the new equations, small scale models are tested on a shake table. The natural frequencies recorded in the tests are then compared with those determined from the new equations, for a wide range of geometrical parameters. The agreement with the test data is good.The presented study indicates that the new equations are well suited for analyzing the dynamic response of tall frame‐type structures.
Random vibrations of the baltic drilling platform subjected to wind loads and water waves
Authors: Jesień Wojciech 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper presents random vibrations of the Baltic drilling platform subjected to water waves and wind loads. The platform structure is discretized by the finite element method. Linear beam or truss elements can be used. The structure parameters (i.e. mass, damping and stiffness) are assumed as deterministic. Soil is modelled as an elastic half‐space that possesses deterministic or random parameters. Soil–structure interaction is idealized as a system of spring–dashpot elements connecting the structure and subsoil. The parameters of these elements can be random or deterministic. The sea surface is described by the one‐dimensional wave spectrum that was proposed by Striekalov and Massel24 for inland seas. It is suitable for the Baltic Sea. The wind velocity is described by the well‐known Davenport spectrum. The water and wind loads are treated as stationary ergodic processes. Gaussian distributions and zero means of these processes are assumed. In addition to this, waves and wind loads are considered as independent. Such an assumption corresponds to the situation when the storm sea is fully developed. A frequency‐domain random‐vibration approach is utilized to obtain the dynamic response of the platform. The equations of motion of the problem were solved using modal reduction. The numerical calculations were made with a specially written computer program. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the wind influence on the response of the platform can be neglected. If random parameters are assumed for the subsoil, then the response of the system describes in a more realistic way the dynamic behaviour of the platform. The velocity coupling due to soil and hydrodynamical damping is negligible. This paper is a condensation of the author's Ph.D. thesis presented at the Technical University of Gdańsk in July 1985.
Fuel Cell or Battery: Electric Cars are the Future
Authors: Van Mierlo J. , Maggetto G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBattery and hybrid vehicles are today's sustainable mobility solutions, preparing a future shared with a hydrogen economy. The summary report of the EU High Level Group for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, presented in June 2003, develops a vision on the contribution that hydrogen and fuel cells could make to the realization of sustainable energy systems in the future [1].However, it seems necessary to emphasize that, as it is a long‐term vision (2000‐2050), there is a need to take strong action in the short‐ and medium‐term in order to address current environmental and energy concerns.As stated in the Commission's November 2000 Green Paper on security of supply [2], in 1998 energy consumption in the transport sector was responsible for 28% of the emissions of CO2, the main greenhouse gas. According to the latest estimates, current CO2 emissions from transport are expected to increase by around 50%.It is both an ecological necessity and a technological challenge to reduce the dependence on oil, from the current level of 98%, by using alternative fuels and improving the energy efficiency of the various methods of transport [3]. It is planned that the hydrogen economy will only start around 2020, at the earliest, and to be established around 2050. Fortunately, many of the electric drive technologies common with hydrogen drive systems are already in development today and implemented in battery or hybrid electric vehicles.Two transport technologies are ready to play a significant role in this context: the battery electric vehicle and the thermal hybrid electric vehicle. They are the missing link with a future hydrogen transportation economy. It is an established fact that, from a well to wheel emission point of view, the results are positive and in favour of battery electric vehicles [4]. Important and recent studies on the environmental balance of battery electric vehicles show substantial emission and primary energy benefits, and thus CO2 reduction, when compared with conventional cars [4, 5].The battery electric vehicles and thermal hybrid electric vehicles are considered as the bridge to the future hydrogen transport economy. In any case, the hydrogen and electricity vectors should be used in the most appropriate and effective way to ensure, for the various applications, the optimum mix of the primary energy sources at a European level.
Spatial memory and hippocampal volume in humans with unilateral vestibular deafferentation
Authors: Hüfner Katharina , Hamilton Derek A. , Kalla Roger , Stephan Thomas , Glasauer Stefan , Ma Jun , Brüning Roland , Markowitsch Hans J. , Labudda Kirsten , Schichor Christian , Strupp Michael , Brandt Thomas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPatients with acquired chronic bilateral vestibular loss were recently found to have a significant impairment in spatial memory and navigation when tested with a virtual Morris water task. These deficits were associated with selective and bilateral atrophy of the hippocampus, which suggests that spatial memory and navigation also rely on vestibular input. In the present study 16 patients with unilateral vestibular deafferentation due to acoustic neurinoma were examined 5‐ to 13‐yrs post‐surgery. Volumetry of the hippocampus was performed in patients and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls by manually tracing the structure and by an evaluator‐independent voxel‐based morphometry. Spatial memory and navigation were assessed with a virtual Morris water task. No significant deficits in spatial memory and navigation could be demonstrated in the patients with left vestibular failure, whereas patients with right vestibular loss showed a tendency to perform worse on the respective tests. Impairment was significant only for one computed measure (heading error). The subtle deficiencies with right vestibular loss are compatible with the recently described dominance of the right labyrinth and the vestibular cortex in the right hemisphere. Volumetry did not reveal any atrophy of the hippocampus in either patient group. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor‐targeting Salmonella typhimurium improves cyclophosphamide chemotherapy at maximum tolerated dose and low‐dose metronomic regimens in a murine melanoma model
Authors: Jia Li‐Jun , Wei Dong‐Ping , Sun Qi‐Ming , Jin Guang‐Hui , Li Shu‐Feng , Huang Yan , Hua Zi‐Chun 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemotherapy for cancer is partly limited by the inability of drugs to act on poorly vascularized or avascularized areas of tumors. Tumor‐targeting bacteria are capable of preferentially replicating in these poorly perfused regions. Some strains have been combined with chemotherapeutic agents and the results have been promising. However, no systematic work has been carried out to test the effect of bacteria on clinical modes of chemotherapy, such as standard maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and novel low‐dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy. Here Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009 was combined with cyclophosphamide (CTX) at both MTD and LDM schedules in a murine melanoma model. The results showed that VNP20009 significantly improved the effects of all forms of CTX treatments. The combination of VNP20009 and CTX led to a more significant decrease in tumor microvessel density and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level, compared with either treatment alone. Furthermore, combination therapy remarkably increased the number of bacteria within tumors when compared with bacteria treatment alone. These findings suggest that tumor‐targeting bacteria, in conjunction with CTX at standard MTD and LDM regimens, might be of clinical value for the treatment of melanoma. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte epitope(s) and its agonist epitope(s) of a novel target for vaccine therapy (PAGE4)
Authors: Yokokawa Junko , Bera Tapan K. , Palena Claudia , Cereda Vittore , Remondo Cinzia , Gulley James L. , Arlen Philip M. , Pastan Ira , Schlom Jeffrey , Tsang Kwong Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPAGE4 is an X chromosome‐linked cancer testis antigen and is a potential new tumor‐associated antigen that is overexpressed in prostate and uterine cancers. The purpose of this study was to identify a human CTL epitope and a corresponding agonist epitope of PAGE4 to determine if PAGE4 is a potential target for vaccine‐mediated immunotherapy against PAGE4‐expressing tumors. A class I PAGE4 epitope was identified with a high level of binding to HLA‐A2. PAGE4 peptide‐pulsed dendritic cells were then used to generate human PAGE4‐specific T‐cell lines. Further studies demonstrated the generation of an enhancer agonist epitope. Compared with the native peptide, the agonist (i) bound to HLA‐A2 molecules at lower peptide concentrations, (ii) demonstrated a higher stability of the peptide HLA‐A2 complex, (iii) induced higher levels of production of IFN‐γ, Granzyme B, TNF‐α, IL‐2 and lymphotactin by PAGE4‐specific T‐cell lines and (iv) T‐cell lines generated against the agonist peptide were more efficient to lyse HLA‐A2 human tumor cells expressing native PAGE4. The studies reported here are the first to describe a PAGE4 CTL epitope and its agonist epitope, and thus identify PAGE4 as a potentially useful target for vaccine‐mediated therapy of prostate cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Special sets of the Hermitian surface and indicator sets
Authors: Cossidente Antonio , Marino Giuseppe , Polverino Olga 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn interesting connection between special sets of the Hermitian surface of PG(3,q2), q odd, (after Shult 13) and indicator sets of line‐spreads of the three‐dimensional projective space is provided. Also, the CP‐type special sets are characterized. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 18–24, 2008
The recognition of symmetric latin squares
Authors: Ihrig Edwin C. , Ihrig Benjamin M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA latin squareSis isotopic to another latin squareS′ ifS′ can be obtained fromSby permuting the row indices, the column indices and the symbols inS. Because the three permutations used above may all be different, a latin square which is isotopic to a symmetric latin square need not be symmetric. We call the problem of determining whether a latin square is isotopic to a symmetric latin square the symmetry recognition problem. It is the purpose of this article to give a solution to this problem. For this purpose we will introduce a cocycle corresponding to a latin square which transforms very simply under isotopy, and we show this cocycle contains all the information needed to determine whether a latin square is isotopic to a symmetric latin square. Our results relate to 1‐factorizations of the complete graph onn + 1 vertices,Kn + 1. There is a well known construction which can be used to make ann × nlatin square from a 1‐factorization onn + 1 vertices. The symmetric idempotent latin squares are exactly the latin squares that result from this construction. The idempotent recognition problem is simple for symmetric latin squares, so our results enable us to recognize exactly which latin squares arise from 1‐factorizations ofKn + 1. As an example we show that the patterned starter 1‐factorization for the groupGgives rise to a latin square which is in the main class of the Cayley latin square forGif and only ifGis abelian. Hence, every non‐abelian group gives rise to two latin squares in different main classes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 291–300, 2008
The Freud‐1/CC2D1A family: Transcriptional regulators implicated in mental retardation
Authors: Rogaeva Anastasia , Galaraga Kimberly , Albert Paul R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe CC2D1A gene family consists of two homologous genes, Freud‐1/CC2D1A and Freud‐2/CC2D1B, that share conserved domains, including several DM14 domains that are specific to this protein family, a C‐terminal helix‐loop‐helix domain, and a C2 calcium‐dependent phospholipid binding domain. Although the function of Freud‐2 is unknown, Freud‐1 has been shown to function as a transcriptional repressor of the serotonin‐1A receptor gene that binds to a novel DNA element (FRE, 5′‐repressor element). The DNA binding and repressor activities of Freud‐1 are inhibited by calcium‐calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase. Recently, a deletion in the CC2D1A gene has been linked to nonsyndromic mental retardation. This deletion results in the truncation of the helix‐loop‐helix DNA binding and the C2 domains, crucial for Freud‐1 repressor activity, and hence is predicted to generate an inactive or weakly dominant negative protein. The possible mechanisms by which inactivation of Freud‐1 could lead to abnormal cortical development and cognitive impairment and the potential roles of Freud‐1 gene targets are discussed. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anion channel blockers attenuate delayed neuronal cell death induced by transient forebrain ischemia
Authors: Inoue Hana , Ohtaki Hirokazu , Nakamachi Tomoya , Shioda Seiji , Okada Yasunobu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChloride efflux is known to be involved in the progression of apoptosis in various cell types. We have recently shown that the volume‐sensitive outwardly rectifying (VSOR) anion channel serves as the pathway for apoptotic chloride efflux in some cells. In the present study, we tested the neuroprotective effects of drugs that can block the VSOR anion channel, on delayed neuronal death (DND) induced by transient forebrain ischemia. The functional expression of the VSOR anion channel was first examined in hippocampal neurons in both primary culture and hippocampal slice preparations, by the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. We then tested the channel's sensitivity to an anion channel blocker, 4,4′‐diisothiocyanatostilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid (DIDS), and a tyrosine kinase blocker, genistein. By histological examinations and cytochrome c release assessments, the protective effects of these drugs on the DND of hippocampal CA1 neurons in mice subjected to transient ischemia were examined. Drugs were administered via the jugular vein prior to ischemic treatment and into the peritoneal cavity after reperfusion. Hippocampal neurons were found to express the volume‐sensitive Cl– channel, which exhibits outward rectification and is sensitive to DIDS and genistein. Administration of DIDS or genistein reduced cytochrome c release and the number of damaged neurons in the CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemia. This fact suggests that the DND induction mechanism involves the activity of the VSOR anion channel and that this channel may provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of stroke. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.