bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canine fossa puncture
Authors: Petersen Robert J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHistorically otolaryngologists have penetrated the maxillary sinus through the inferior meatus for purposes of irrigating the sinus. Van Alyea introduced the natural ostium canula, but my impression has been that most otolaryngologists continue the inferior meatus route.There are sufficient side effects of the inferior meatus technique, bleeding, pain, syncope, to name the most common, that an alternate route with reduced side effects might be of interest. I have tried the canine fossa approach on about 25 patients with good success and consistently fewer side effects. The technique is simple enough, and patients that have had inferior meatus puncture and canine fossa puncture prefer the latter procedure.The purpose of the article is not to present a controlled study but to bring to the attention of otolaryngologists an alternate route of maxillary sinus puncture which might be of interest. Additional controlled study would be necessary to confirm the impressions outlined.
Cricoarytenoid arthritis due to mumps
Authors: Bryer D. , Rounthwaite F. J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA well documented case of cricoarytenoid arthritis due to mumps has been reported and has shown steroids to be of help. This paper has briefly reviewed the pathogenesis of cricoarytenoid arthritis. The confusion between this disease and other upper respiratory infections especially asthma has been emphasized.
Experimental evaluation of in situ oncocide for primary tumor therapy: Comparison of tumor‐specific immunity after complete excision, cryonecrosis and ligation
Authors: Neel H. Bryan , Ketcham Alfred S. , Hammond W. G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOne of the most important recent advances in cancer biology is the demonstration that tumor‐specific transplantation immunity (TSTI) to experimental tumors can be induced by a variety of means. Basic to this achievement has been readily available syngeneic tumor‐host systems which permit assessment of tumor‐specific immunity rather than allograft immunity. While the existence of tumor‐specific transplantation antigens (TSTA) in rodents and humans has been clearly demonstrated, little is known about the relationship between the nature and duration of exposure to tumor antigen and the subsequent effectiveness of the host immune response. The studies reported here were designed to test the hypothesis that in situ tumor‐cell necrosis (“oncocide”), in addition to being a feasible means of curing primary tumors, increases host response against tumor by immunologic mechanisms. Accordingly, TSTI was assessed: a. after complete excision; b. after regression following cryosurgery or ligation; c. in the presence of large recurrent tumors after cryosurgery; and d. in the presence of large untreated primary tumors. Quantity of primary tumor, transplantation procedures, tumor transplant generation, and animal age were the same in each experiment. TSTI was consistently greater after in situ oncocide by cryosurgery or ligation‐release infarction than after complete excision. Animals bearing primary or recurrent tumor were similarly immune. Since in situ oncocide produces greater immunity to subsequent challenge with syngeneic tumor than does excision, an experimental basis in immunology is provided for the clinical results reported after cryosurgical destruction or electrocoagulation of various carcinomas.
Labyrinthine compensatory eye position of the guinea pig
Authors: Kusakari Jun , Kaneko Yutaka , Kakizaki Ichiro 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLabyrinthine compensatory eye position (LCEP) was studied in guinea pigs after unilateral destruction of the otolith organ. Both components of LCEP (rotation and vertical deviation) are present in lateral tilt and fore and aft tilt; however, vertical deviation is predominant in the former and rotation in the latter. Reduction of LCEP, with regard to component, is greatest in upward deviation and less pronounced in forward and backward rotation, in that order; there is no reduction in downward deviation. Regarding tilt position, reduction of LCEP is most pronounced in the operated side down position with little or no reduction in the operated side up position. These results are discussed in the context of analogous studies in the rabbit by Magnus.
A clinical study of delayed reconstruction in ossicular fractures
Authors: Spector Gershon J. , Pratt Lindsay L. , Randall George 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwenty‐eight patients, who underwent ossicular reconstruction one or more years after the incident trauma, were studied.The overall short‐term (one year or less) improvements were as follows:1. 66 percent were within 10 db of closure of the air bone gap, and 82 percent were within 20 db;2.85 percent had a 10 db improvement in the SRT; and3.60 percent had a 10 percent improvement in the discrimination scores.On long‐term (two years or more) follow‐up, the results demonstrated that:1.43 percent maintained a 20 db air bone gap;2.50 percent had a 10 db improvement in the SRT; and3.35 percent had a 10 percent improvement in the discrimination score.These patients are subdivided into four classes of injuries:1.incudostapedial complex;2.incus dislocation or trauma;3.epitympanic trauma; and4.middle ear fibrosis. Patients who sustained isolated incudal injuries or incudo‐stapedial injuries had the best prognosis for maintaining the hearing after reconstruction, while in the latter two classes, this was not the case.Lysis of adhesions, incus interposition and reposition methods gave un‐predictable postoperative hearing improvement. Incus replacement prosthesis and conversion to Type III tympanoplasty gave more stable audiologic results.Selected case histories are presented to demonstrate the variability of the results in each of the four classes of injury.Two concepts are stressed:1.ossicles which have been severely traumatized, interposed, repositioned or transposed behave as autogenous grafts, and2.the post traumatic ear is not in a static state and that surgery alters the ongoing process of healing only to a certain extent.
Luetic deafness
Authors: Hendershot Edward L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLuetic deafness is an otologic tragedy, not only because it can cause a total sensori‐neural deafness, but also it is a treatable condition if recognized.The most prominent feature of luetic deafness is discrimination loss out of proportion to the pure tone threshold. It is usually caused by congenital or late lues.The FTA‐ABS test should be used as the diagnostic test because of its sensitivity and low number of false positive reactions.Treatment should be with high doses of penicillin and prednisone.
Functional evaluation of the patient with cholesteatoma
Authors: Pratt Lindsay L. , Murray John 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAural cholesteatoma presents a challenging management problem. The literature abounds in excellent reports concerning surgical management, but emphasis should also be placed on the pre‐operative evaluation of the patient in a systematic and complete manner.Relative to the patient's evaluation, the surgeon must decide whether or not surgery is necessary, the anticipated prognosis, and the effects of the management upon the patient in his socioeconomic environment.A series of seven questions are presented. Their answers should assist the otologist in systematically approaching the management of the patient with aural cholesteatoma.
Eosinophilic granuloma of the temporal bone
Authors: Toohill Robert J. , Kidder Thomas M. , Eby Lee G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThree patients, all children, are presented with a diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma isolated to the temporal bone. In two cases the disease was unilateral, and in the third, bilateral disease was encountered. General evaluations, audiometric studies, and laboratory findings will be discussed. X‐rays will be shown as well as photomicrographs of the gross and microscopic lesions to supplement this discussion. Our approach was surgical in all four ears involved. Radiation therapy was not utilized. A thorough review of the literature on this subject will accompany the presentations of these cases. Long term results have been satisfactory and will be correlated with those in the literature treated by other methods.
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck in children
Authors: Sessions Donald G. , Ragab Abdelsalam H. , Vietti Teresa J. , Biller Hugh F. , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe usual clinical course of children with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck has been the rapid development of distant metastases and death within one year of clinical presentation. Since 1967, seven children with the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma have been treated with a specific regimen of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. All five patients who presented with tumor localized to one region of the head and neck showed objective tumor response. In four patients, the tumor disappeared completely, and there has been no sign of recurrence for five and one half, three and one half, one and one half, and one half years, respectively.
Hypernephroma metastatic to the head and neck
Authors: Miyamoto Richard , Helmus Christian 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSix cases of hypernephroma metastatic to the head and neck are presented (larynx, tongue, temporal bone, supraclavicular region, nasopharynx, and occipital region) and the literature is reviewed. Hypernephromas that metastasize to the head and neck often simulate primary tumors, and the otolaryngologist must be aware of this diagnostic possibility, especially when dealing with paratracheal masses. Surgical removal of accessible solitary metastasis is recommended and offers the best palliation.
A model for experimental vasomotor rhinitis
Authors: Whicker James H. , Neel H. Bryan , Kern Eugene B. , Reynolds Herbert Y. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractClinical and experimental observations suggest that vasomotor rhinitis results primarily from a relative overactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system; however, some questions remain unanswered. Does the autonomic imbalance produce vasomotor rhinitis through local neural effects on the mucosal and submucosal structures or is there activated a more systemic response involving, for instance, the immunologic system? Our study was designed to determine whether we could consistently produce unilateral vasomotor rhinitis in dogs by thorough ipsilateral sympathectomy and to evaluate the role that the immunologic system may have in the etiology of this disorder.Histologic observations were made on the nasal mucosa of control and sympathectomized dogs. In addition, serum and nasal wash specimens were collected for albumin and immunoglobulin analysis.When compared to that of control dogs, the nasal mucosa of sympathectomized dogs initially demonstrated epithelial discontinuity, submucosal fluid, and cellular infiltrates. There was no significant difference in mean albumin or immunoglobulin values of the nasal washings from control and sympathectomized dogs. Although not statistically significant, a trend was suggested in that serum IgA and IgGa,b levels were lower in the sympathectomized dogs. Although histologic changes suggestive of vasomotor rhinitis occurred in the sympathectomized dogs, biopsy specimens of nasal mucosa taken three months after operation did not reveal the prominent mucosal changes present one month after operation.The decrease in serum IgA and IgGa,b levels in the sympathectomized dogs suggests decreased production secondary to autonomic disturbance.The entity of vasomotor rhinitis may be contrived from several factors. The local effects of autonomic imbalance combined with alterations in immunologic competence may be of particular importance.
Rhinoplasty tip ptosis: Etiology and prevention
Authors: Tardy M. Eugene 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCommonly, 12‐18 months must elapse before the final postoperative result following rhinoplasty may be judged. Unless actively compensated for during surgery, an inconstant degree of nasal tip ptosis (“settling”) may lead to displeasing nasal profile characteristics. Supra‐tip rounding accentuates tip ptosis, creating the undesirable “pollybeak” deformity. Generally, these two complications of rhinoplasty are predictable and preventable, providing that their various etiologies are clearly understood.Nasal tip ptosis in the postoperative healing period occurs if false projection of the tip confuses the surgeon. Operative tip swelling (infiltration anesthesia and edema) along with malpositioned columellar “bunching” sutures and “orthopedic” septocolumellar sutures create spurious tip projection. Loss of normal tip support occurs when incisions interrupt the attachment of the lower lateral cartilages to the upper lateral cartilages as well as the “wrap‐around” relationship of the feet of the medial crura to the caudal cartilaginous septum. Complete transfixion incisions should be avoided when possible. Cartilaginous or bony shoring struts increase tip support. Modeling of the lower lateral cartilage should not include over‐generous removal of the lateral crura, thus further weakening tip support.Unfavorable healing factors contributing to tip ptosis include linear contraction of the transfixion incision scar, the natural downward torque influence of the lower lateral cartilages, and detrimental synergistic activity of specific muscles of facial expression.Tip ptosis may accentuate the undesirable formation of supra‐tip prominence, thus unmasking the eventual stigma of “pollybeak” deformity. Supra‐tip prominence may develop as the result of:1. Inadequate lowering of cartilaginous dorsal hump.2. Inadequate lowering of upper lateral cartilages.3. Insufficient nasal skin undermining.4. Failure to excise adequately redundant mucous membrane projecting above the newly‐established profile line.5. Inadequate tip splinting.Preventive operative maneuvers can reduce the incidence of displeasing profile relationships, leading to a natural and harmonious postoperative rhinoplasty appearance.
Sphenoid sinus mucoceles
Authors: Maisel Robert H. , El Deeb M. , Bone Robert C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMucoceles of the sphenoid or posterior ethmoid sinuses usually behave in a similar manner. Because of the thinness of surrounding bone and the proximity of vital structures, these lesions can expand aggressively at a clinically alarming rate. Presenting symptoms vary but characteristically include headache and ocular disturbance. Careful radiologic evaluation helps in the correct assessment of these lesions. The authors feel that the rhinologic approach to the sphenoid cavity, via an external ethmoidotomy, affords the best visualization possible of the diseased area without entailing possibly serious central nervous system complications. Six cases are discussed from the standpoint of presenting signs and symptoms, radiologic assessment, therapy and outcome.
Otitic barotrauma
Authors: Brookler Kenneth H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOtitic barotrauma occurs upon descent in individuals with a nasopharyngitis, a large nasopharyngeal lymphoid mass, and for no apparent reason. A Surface Active Membrane (S.A.M.) was found lining the eustachian tube with surface tension lowering properties similar to pulmonary surfactant (S.A.M.). Eustachian S.A.M. allows the lumenal surface of the tube to separate in response to the pull of the musculature. S.A.M. is destroyed by proteolytic enzyme producing bacteria and pulmonary S.A.M. is reduced in cigarette smokers. Reduced or absent eustachian S.A.M. will not allow the lumenal surfaces to separate and pressure equalization to take place. Otitic barotrauma occurs when there is insufficient eustachian S.A.M. resulting in an inability to allow transmission of air from the nasopharynx to the middle ear during descent. A lecithin aerosol used as an effective treatment of hyaline membrane disease (absent S.A.M.) of the newborn may treat or prevent otitic barotrauma.4
Mandibular fractures from civilian gunshot wounds: A study of 20 cases
Authors: May Mark , Cutchavaree Amnuay , Chadaratana Phadung , West Joseph 
Published: September 2006

AbstractManagement of penetrating wounds of the mandible caused by civilian firearms differs from military injuries primarily because of the difference in missile velocity. Most reports are based upon war‐time experience. Since civilian gunshot wounds of the mandible have been recorded in isolated case reports, a review of our experience managing 20 patients is reported.All fractures were initially managed by closed reduction reserving open reduction for those cases that failed to respond to closed reduction.Eighteen had displaced fractures and two were undisplaced. Only two patients required open reduction, both had the displaced type.Airway obstruction occurred in six out of 20 and were associated with injuries to the floor of the mouth or tongue. Five of these patients received tracheotomy while one, in whom a tracheostomy was not performed, died.Only one patient developed infection. Osteomyelitis in this case responded to antibiotics.
Blast injuries of the ear
Authors: Ruggles R. L. , Votypka Ray 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA series of 11 tympanic membrane perforations from a searing blast injury which underwent immediate repair has been reported. Immediate repair is advocated in that often drum remnants can be re‐approximated, four of 11 with no failures. In cases of total or near total perforations, fascia grafts were needed in five of 11.
Averaged evoked auditory responses in the chronically implanted cat
Authors: Mathog Robert H. , Matz Gregory J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAveraged evoked auditory responses from chronically implanted dural electrodes over the midectosylvian gyrus were evaluated in eight cats. The effects of the distribution of electrodes and levels of alertness were observed for each animal and the entire group. Changes in duration, rise and decay times, and repetition rates were also analyzed. Data from these experiments suggested a large variability in the amplitude and latency of the response. On the other hand, they also suggested a stable reproducible threshold of detectability — a point where the response disappeared upon further reduction in sound pressure levels. This characteristic of the evoked system served as a reliable measurement of an evoked auditory threshold and appeared as a potential means for evaluating relative changes of auditory function within the same animal.
Protection of facial nerve anastomosis with a vein graft
Authors: Miglets A. W. , Thomas J. R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWhen a cut nerve, which has been repaired, does not function properly it is usually due to the regenerating axons failing to cross the site of the anastomosis. The axonal regrowth may be blocked either by the presence of granulation tissue between the cut ends of the nerve, or to poor stabilization of the nerve stumps with resultant movement and torsion.In the past, many substances have been utilized to protect these anastomosis, most with unfavorable results. The most popular material used today for nerve protection is silastic sheeting which appears to offer some protection without having any major undesirable side effects.Gibb in a previous article, suggested that autogenous vein may be an excellent material for the protection of facial nerve anastomosis. It is readily available, easily tailored and completely physiologic. We felt his proposal had merit, but that it first should be evaluated in an animal model before embarking on a clinical trial.Eighteen dog facial nerves were severed. In six animals (control group) the nerve was repaired with three 7/0 silk sutures in neurolemmal sheath. In the second six, after the nerve sheath was repaired, a section of post auricular vein was wrapped around the anastomosis, being held in place with 7/0 silk sutures. In the remaining six animals, prior to repairing the severed nerve, a tube‐like section of post‐auricular vein was slipped around the proximal segment of the nerve, then after the nerve anastomosis was completed, the vein tube was pulled down over the anastomosis and held in place with 7/0 silk suture.Animals in each group were sacrificed at one, two and three months, in addition, three animals in each group were kept until maximum return of facial function occurred.Clinical evaluation revealed that the animals which had their nerve anastomosis protected with the vein tube or vein sheeting, had more complete return of facial function than the control group.Histological sections showed the vein still to be identifiable during the first two postoperative months, after this is became lost in the general fibrous reaction that occurred around the anastomosis. There was no difference between the groups in the amount of granulation tissue or fibroblasts in the area of the anastomosis. It appears that a careful anastomosis of the neurolemmal sheath will prevent granulations from entering the nerve as effectively as the vein tube; however, we felt that the additional stabilizing effect of the vein tube contributed to the improved results in the sheated animals.It appears that autogenous vein is a safe substance for the protection of facial nerve anastomosis, and is suitable for clinical use.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of acoustic and other cerebellopontine angle tumors
Authors: Glasscock Michael E. , Hays James W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe early detection of acoustic and other cerebellopontine angle tumors depends upon a high index of suspicion on the part of the otolaryngologist. He must be willing to perform a routine neuro‐otologic evaluation on every patient with unilateral tinnitus, unilateral sensori‐neural hearing loss or any symptoms of an inner ear disorder. The audiometric and vestibular examinations should be reliable and X‐rays of the temporal bone must be of excellent quality.There is a natural tendency to forego X‐rays when a patient seems to have an obivous diagnosis such as Ménière's disease; in fact, there are many such pitfalls in which the physician can allow himself to be misled. The purpose of this paper is to review the neuro‐otologic diagnosis. Six case histories are presented that represent some of the more common pitfalls that can confused the diagnosis of a cerebellopontine angle tumor. The symptoms and objective findings in tumor patients are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on the team approach to diagnosis, encouraging cooperation among the otolaryngologist, audiologist, neurosurgeon and radiologist. In this manner, these tumors can be detected when they are small, and their removal can be accomplished with a low morbidity and mortality.
The otolaryngologist's role in catastrophe surgery
Authors: Mcfarland Guy E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn presenting “The Otolaryngologist's Role in Catastrophe Surgery” acute management will be discussed, including laceration repair, facial nerve injuries, airway problems, facial fractures, both maxillary and mandibular, and vessel injuries of the neck.Reconstructive management of the ear, nose and throat injuries will be discussed including utilization of the regional and local flaps, grafts and inplants.Pictorial representation of problems encountered in civilian and war situations, with stepwise solutions to these problems will be incorporated. Some attention will be given to basic principles involved.The major purpose of this paper is to call attention to practicing otolaryngologists and other physicians the capabilities of present day otolaryngologists.