bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of cell‐mediated hypersensitivity, immune complexes and monocyte‐released factor(s) in allergic alveolitis and asymptomatic exposed subjects
Authors: GIRARD J. P. , DE WURSTEMBERGER B. , FERNANDES B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPatients with allergic alveolitis to various antigens, asymptomatic exposed individuals and healthy control subjects were studied. The lymphocyte transformation test and the formation of two lymphokines were shown to be positive in almost all affected subjects and only rarely in asymptomatic exposed individuals. In most symptomatic subjects, the presence of antigen‐antibody complexes could be demonstrated. However, such complexes were also present in six of the nine asymptomatic exposed individuals having precipitating antibodies.Factor(s) released from sensitized monocytes strongly facilitate the in vitro formation of specific antibodies but are poorly effective when incubated with cells from asymptomatic exposed subjects or normal individuals.
Cell‐mediated immune reactions in asthma
Authors: FARRERONS‐CO J. , VELASCO M. FARRERONS , PUIGGROS J. VIVES , GARCÍA CALDERÓN P. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAbnormally high levels of IgE are produced in various diseases, including atopic eczema, and a functional decrease in the T‐lymphocyte population occurs at the same time. T‐cell function has been studied in a group of asthma patients with high, normal and low IgE levels and in a control group.T‐cell function appears to be reduced in asthmatic patients with high concentrations of IgE when skin tests are performed with Candida antigen (P<0.05). There was also a decline in the lymphocyte transformation tests with Candida antigen in autologous serum (P<0.05), although not in foetal calf serum. The responses to in vivo tests with streptokinase‐streptodornase were normal, as was the response of the lymphocytes to PHA.
Complement changes during exercise‐induced asthma
Authors: GWYNN C. M. , THOMPSON R. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwo groups of asthmatic children, one with and one without a history of post‐exercise wheezing, and one non‐asthmatic adult, were exercised on a treadmill, and their complement levels were measured before and after exercise.The first group of patients had the most obvious fall in FEV1 and all showed a slight rise in haemolytic complement following exercise. Two of the patients of the second group also had a rise in haemolytic complement.The C4 litre did not change in any of the asthmatic children who did not wheeze after exercise, but there were changes, albeit inconsistent, in the litres of C4 in four of the six patients who exhibiled post exercise wheezing. C3 breakdown products were not detected in any of the sera, following exercise.The role of complement in exercise‐induced bronchospasm is not clear, but there does appear lo be a greater liability of the complement system in patients who are susceptible lo this form of provocation.
Treatment of infantile atopic dermatitis with a strict elimination diet
Authors: JUTO P. , ENGBERG S. , WINBERG J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOf twenty‐one infants with atopic dermatitis, twenty were treated with a strict elimination diet for a period of up to 6 weeks. Seven infants healed and twelve improved. The infants who healed were less than 6 months old and had had a short duration of dermatitis. For one infant the skin condition was unchanged. Another infant was breast‐fed throughout the period with dermatitis. Blood eosinophilia and/or elevated serum IgE commonly found on admission decreased significantly (P< 0.01) during the diet period. On challenge with cows’ milk, twelve infants were considered as intolerant. At the age of 2 years the dermatitis had cleared in all but four children. Of these four children, two were still cows’ milk intolerant. Another two infants were also cows’ milk intolerant, but without dermatitis.
Papain‐induced allergic reactions
Authors: TARLO S. M. , SHAIKH W. , BELL B. , CUFF M. , DAVIES G. M. , DOLOVICH J. , HARGREAVE F. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPapain is a proteolytic enzyme with elastolytic activity, which produces emphysemalike lesions when introduced into the airways of animals. It is encountered by humans in numerous occupations, medications and domestic products.Sensitization to papain in two subjects in different occupations was confirmed with skin tests with chemical‐grade papain and radioallergosorbent tests (RAST), with a papain which had been chemically inactivated by selective active site blockade. Skin tests and RAST were negative in non‐symptomatic co‐workers. Withdrawal from occupational exposure to papain resulted in an improvement in symptoms.In a survey of 330 subjects at the time they were receiving routine allergy skin tests, seven reacted to papain. Sensitization was confirmed by the RAST. Serum IgG antibodies to papain were detected among sensitized individuals and also in five out of 266 sera obtained from a clinical hospital laboratory.The findings illustrate immune responses to papain in humans in the form of atopic sensitization and serum IgG antibodies. Moreover, recurrent respiratory symptoms in the presenting persons served to illustrate that they and their co‐workers were repeatedly exposed to air‐borne papain. In view of the potential danger from the proteolytic effects of papain, these observations illustrate the need for further investigations of the effects of human exposure to air‐borne papain.
Computer analysis of allergic histories taken by questionnaire
Authors: PANTIN C. F. A. , MERRETT J. , LEIGHTON M. , ROGERS H. COLTMAN , MERRETT T. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe report the development of a detailed allergy questionnaire designed so that the answers can be typed into a mini‐computer. Computer programmes have been written to file and to retrieve these answers, and to print a summary which is then ‘weighed’, so as to produce a clinical atopy score which is then further broken down into indoor and outdoor scores.In a pilot survey of ninety patients, their clinical atopy scores and immunoglobulin E (IgE) profiles have been compared, and additional computer programmes have been written which will (a) assess if a more detailed IgE investigations is warranted, and (b) suggest which allergens, if any, are likely to be responsible for the patients' symptoms.
Asthma, allergy and bronchial hyper‐reactivity to histamine in patients with bronchiectasis
Authors: VARPELA E. , LAITINEN L. A. , KESKINEN H. , KORHOLA O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAn allergy examination was made on forty‐eight consecutive bronchiectasis patients, with a mean age of 37 years.Eleven had confirmed asthma and another nine, making twenty in all (42%), had distinct allergic diathesis. Allergy to a specific allergen was established in five cases. 50% of the patients in the total series had bronchial histamine hyper‐reactivity, eleven without asthma or distinct allergic diathesis.The results corroborate views previously reported of the role of asthmatic symptoms and allergic diathesis as aetiological factors of bronchiectasis.
Evaluation of severe (anaphylactic) reactions
Authors: BACAL EDITA , PATTERSON R. , ZEISS C. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe clinical course of twenty‐one patients who presented with life‐threatening symptoms, appearing to be allergic in aetiology, is described. In ten of these patients, clinical evaluation established a diagnosis, for example: drug allergy, food allergy, a curious form of hospital addiction syndrome, an underlying malignancy, systemic mast cell disease or a complement abnormality. In the remaining subjects, it was found that their condition could be stabilized with sympathomimetics, antihistamines and corticosteroids. In those in whom no aetiology could be found, there was usually a spontaneous subsidence of the frequency and severity of attacks or spontaneous remission. No fatalities occurred.
Pigeon breeders’lung lacking detectable antibodies
Authors: SENNEKAMP J. , NIESE D. , STROEHMANN I. , RITTNER C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWhereas fifteen pigeon fanciers suffering from extrinsic allergic alveolitis from avian dust had high titres of antibodies against pigeon antigens, antibodies were not demonstrable, even by immunofluorescence, in the serum of a symptomatic individual exposed to minimal amounts of avian dust. Following exposure to larger quantities of pigeon dust by inhalation challenges, a low titre of antibodies appeared, but disappeared again after avoidance of the allergen. Cell‐mediated immunity was elevated in the lymphocyte transformation test and also decreased after avoidance of allergen contact. Therefore, it seems likely that the antibody is not the only mediator of pigeon breeder's lung. Inhalation challenges and T cell‐dependent immune reactivity may reveal more avian dust sensitive individuals suffering from fibrosis without the typical history of extrinsic allergic alveolitis and without detectable antibodies.
Comparison of histamine bronchial challenges with the Wright nebulizer and the dosimeter
Authors: BEAUPRÉ A. , MALO J. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn twenty adult asthmatics studied in a stable state, histamine bronchial challenges were carried out at one‐week intervals with the Wright nebulizer and with the dosimeter‐DeVilbiss apparatus. Dose‐response curves were analysed for sensitivity, defined as the minimal histamine dose causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20), and for reactivity, defined as the slope of the dose‐response curve once the reaction starts to occur. A significant relationship (r=0·80) was found for the sensitivity obtained with the two nebulizers. PC20 was indeed reproducible within a two folds concentration of histamine in sixteen of the twenty patients. A significant difference (P < 0·01) was found in the reactivity to the two different apparatus, reactivity being greater with the Wright nebulizer in twelve out of fifteen patients so tested. Sensitivity and reactivity showed a borderline relationship (r=0·47) with the Wright nebulizer but not with the dosimeter. A significant correlation (P < 0·05) was found to exist between the initial FEV1 (in % of the predicted value) and the observed sensitivity and reactivity as assessed with the Wright nebulizer, but not as assessed with the dosimeter. We conclude that histamine bronchial challenges with the Wright nebulizer and with the dosimeter yield reproducible results if the threshold of a 20% fall in FEV1 is taken as positive. However, the two methods produce different results in terms of reactivity.
Acute bronchoconstriction caused by Beclovent and not Vanceril
Authors: GODIN J. , MALO J. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA 24‐year‐old asthmatic patient reported acute wheezing immediately after using an aerosol of beclomethasone dipropionate (Beclovent). She was hospitalised for bronchial challenges. Immediate bronchoconstriction was shown after two puffs of this aerosol and after inhalation of the placebo containing all the products of the aerosol less the beclomethasone. Another brand of beclomethasone aerosol, Vanceril, did not produce any reaction. Since the contents of these two beclomethasone aerosols are similar, the authors suggest that rubber or plastic derivative(s) present in the metering valve might have been responsible for the reaction.
IgG4: a possible mediator of anaphylaxis in a haemophiliac patient
Authors: SHAKIB F. , STANWORTH D. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryImmunological investigations have been carried out on a haemophiliac patient who had developed severe anaphylaxis to bovine factor VIII administration. Results have shown that the development of anaphylaxis in this patient was associated with a sudden increase in total and specific IgG4 antibodies. The significance of this observation is discussed in relation to current evidence suggesting the involvement of IgG4 antibodies in some anaphylactic conditions.
Toluene di‐isocyanate‐induced asthma I. Reactions to TDI, MDI, HDI and histamine
Authors: O'BRIEN I. M. , HARRIES M. G. , BURGE P. S. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA group of twenty‐four workers handling di‐isocyanates and with respiratory disease were investigated by occupational‐type bronchial provocation tests for sensitivity to toluene di‐isocyanate (TDI), to which all were exposed, and to diphenylmethane di‐isocyanate (MDI) and hexamethylene di‐isocyanate (HDI). Sixteen gave asthmatic reactions to TDI and eight of these also reacted to MDI. Four of the eight TDI and MDI reactors had histories of exposure only to TDI, and of them two reacted also to HDI. Of nine subjects tested with HDI, three gave asthmatic reactions, and all three also reacted to TDI and MDI. Thus reactions to MDI and HDI were elicited only in the TDI reactors. The possibility of specific sensitivity to these and other di‐isocyanates requires tests in subjects exposed to them and not to TDI.
IgE and IgG4 subclass in atopic families
Authors: GWYNN C. M. , SMITH J. MORRISON , LEON G. LEON , STANWORTH D. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRaised levels of IgG4 were present in twelve (35%) of thirty‐four asthmatic children and raised levels of IgE in twenty‐three (68%). Eighteen of 104 first degree relatives also had raised levels of IgG4, thirteen had no history of atopic disease and nine failed to give positive skin reactions to Dermatophagoides pteronyssins or to mixed grass pollens. Fifteen relatives had raised IgE, five without symptoms.No relationship was noted between either raised levels of IgE or IgG4 and infant feeding. Although these immunoglobulin patterns were not consistently associated with symptoms they did tend to be associated in atopic families and it is suggested that the same polygenic factors may govern the IgE and IgG4 levels.
IgE mediated hypersensitivity to pancreatic extract (PE) in parents of cystic fibrosis (CF) children
Authors: GANIER MITCHELL , LIEBERMAN PHIL 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOn exposure to pancreatic extract (PE), four parents of cystic fibrosis (CF) children developed immediate hypersensitivity‐like symptoms: i.e. rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and/or anaphylaxis. IgE to PE was demonstrated in the subjects by skin testing, leucocyte histamine release and radioallergosorbent test (RAST). No serum precipitating antibodies were found. Bronchial challenge caused an immediate asthmatic response. No delayed asthmatic response or hypersensitivity pneumonitis‐like reaction occurred. The responsible antigen for PE induced asthma is unknown; trypsin failed to inhibit PE‐RAST and is therefore not responsible in these subjects. Caution should be exercised in using PE for skin testing and bronchial challenge in subjects with suspected hypersensitivity to PE. Certain measures were found useful in preventing the occurrence of symptoms in the four subjects.
Immunological parameters in perennial rhinitis
Authors: KNIGHT A. , UNDERDOWN B. J. , CONNELL J. T. , NEDZELSKI J. , ELIE R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAs part of a study of the effectiveness of beclomethasone dipropionate in perennial rhinitis five immunologically related parameters were measured. These included skin tests, total IgE, specific IgE, nasal and peripheral blood eosinophil counts. In addition, nasal biopsies were obtained in twenty out of sixty patients.It was apparent that patients with perennial rhinitis formed a heterogeneous group who could be divided into three groups based on the extent of immunological abnormality detected. Group 1 consisted of twenty patients who displayed no abnormality in any of the five parameters studied. Group 2 consisted of twenty‐six patients in whom specific IgE was not detected but who had varying degrees of abnormal findings in the other laboratory parameters. The remaining fourteen patients formed a third group in whom specific IgE was detected in addition to abnormalities in other parameters.In general, patients with detectable specific IgE had a higher frequency of abnormal parameters, including abnormal histology of their nasal biopsy, than patients in whom no specific IgE was detected. The heterogeneous nature of perennial rhinitis is discussed. Despite the heterogeneous nature of the total patient group, the majority of patients (80%) treated with beclomethasone dipropionate improved compared to 20% improved in the placebo group. There was no difference in the drug effect between the three groups of patients.
T‐, B‐ and Fc‐γ‐receptor‐bearing lymphocytes in asthma
Authors: CLOT J. , BOUSQUET J. , GUENDON R. , MICHEL F. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryT‐, B‐ and Fc‐γ‐receptor‐bearing lymphocytes were detected using six different membrane markers in patients suffering from asthma having either normal or low serum IgA levels. E rosettes, aE rosettes and a human anti‐T lymphocyte antiserum (HTLA) were used for T cell determination. In patients with low serum IgA levels E rosettes were significantly decreased. B lymphocytes were identified by EAC rosette formation and visualization of surface membrane immunoglobulins (SmIg). No significant difference was seen. Fc‐γ‐receptor‐bearing lymphocytes were assessed by the EA rosette assay and were significantly decreased in asthmatics with normal IgA levels. This result might be explained by the presence of immune complexes.
Mite allergen content in commercial extracts and in bed dust determined by radioallergosorbent tests
Authors: TOVEY EUAN , VANDENBERG RUSSELL 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRadioallergosorbent (RAST) direct binding and inhibition type assays were used to quantitate the mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) allergen content of four commercial mite extracts and a laboratory prepared extract from freeze‐dried mites. The content of mite allergen in extracts prepared from twenty samples of dust vacuumed from bedding was measured by RAST inhibition assay. The four commercial mite extracts designated A, B, C and D, and the laboratory extract, designated L, contained 52, 265, 108, 1.5 and 581 arbitrary units of allergen/ml for the direct binding assay and 128, 111, 217, ∼1 and 1083 arbitrary, but different, units of allergen/ml for the inhibition assay respectively. Qualitative differences between at least two extracts were suggested by the different slopes obtained when allergen binding of anti IgE was plotted against the volume of extract used in the direct binding assay. Differences in slope between the two extracts were also apparent when they were used in the inhibition assay. The quantities of mite allergen/gm of bed dust expressed in arbitrary units for the inhibition assay were 24 to 457 (mean 129) units. These quantities are similar to and sometimes greater than the quantity in 1 ml of mite extract and so confirm bed dust as a potent source of mite allergen. There was no significant correlation between the weight of dust, the numbers of dead and live mites and the allergen content of dust.
Group comparative trial of 2% sodium cromoglycate (Opticrom) with placebo in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: LINDSAY‐MILLER A. C. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA double‐blind group comparative trial comparing Opticrom with a matching placebo, over a four‐week period, in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is reported. Overall assessment of treatment benefit made at the end of the trial by the patients and the clinician showed a statistically significant difference in favour of Opticrom. Of the patients on Opticrom, eighteen (90%) said they improved while in the clinicians opinion, seventeen (85%) improved.Six patients using Opticrom and five using placebo complained of stinging of the eyes, while one patient using placebo complained of his eyes becoming bloodshot and watering.
Analysis of the non‐immunological activity of allergen extracts in cutaneous tests
Authors: GUERIN B. , TIOULONG S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe technique proposed by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, London (NIBSC, 1977) for the control of allergenic extracts for non‐immunological activity in skin tests has proved to be both sensitive and useful. We have observed ‘false positive’ results to substances such as merthiolate or glycerine and also to lyophilised preparations with sugar, notably glucose, as the carrier substance.Other factors studied in ‘false positive’ reactions to a given extract were pH, osmotic pressure and the presence of traces of endotoxins or histamine. Individually none of these provided satisfactory explanations for the false positive reactions and the use of antagonists or inhibitors of the release of chemical mediators only confirmed the complexity of the non‐immunological reaction and the participation of factors other than histamine.
Asthma, IgE and environment in northern Nigeria
Authors: MACFARLANE J. T. , BACHELOR MARGUERITE , RIDYARD J. B. , BALL P. A. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySixty‐four asthmatics and seventy‐five control subjects from rural villages and various urban settings have been investigated. Rural asthmatics had a significantly higher IgE level than both urban asthmatics and village controls. Urban asthmatics had similar IgE levels to urban controls. There was no relationship between IgE levels and the results of skin tests for asthma allergens. Stool parasites were found as frequently in asthmatics as in controls. Our findings do not support the theory that parasitic infestation, high IgE levels or rural living protect from asthma.
Soy versus cow's milk in infants with a biparental history of atopic disease: development of atopic disease and immunoglobulins from birth to 4 years of age
Authors: KJELLMAN N.‐I. M. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryForty‐eight children with a biparental history of atopic disease were followed from birth to 4 years of age. One group was fed soy and the other cow's milk from weaning to 9 months of age. Two‐thirds of the children developed symptoms of atopic disease with no significant difference between the groups. No difference was found in the serum immunoglobulins (IgE antibodies, IgA, IgG and IgM) during the observation period. The soy fed children showed transiently lower levels of IgG antibodies to cow's milk but higher levels of IgG antibodies to soy protein. Six children showed cow's milk intolerance and a further five had symptoms possibly related to the use of cow's milk. Withholding cow's milk during the first 9 months did not reduce the incidence of symptoms of cow's milk intolerance from birth to 4 years of age. Thus, no benefit was found from replacing cows' milk with soy. A prolonged breast feeding seems most rational for infants at risk of developing atopic disease, even if the present study did not show evidence of a prophylactic effect of breast milk against the development of atopic disease.
A nitroindanedione mast cell stabiliser in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a controlled trial
Authors: DAVIES P. S. , RHODES J. , COUNSELL BARBARA , HEATLEY R. V. , NEWCOMBE R. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAn orally absorbed mast cell stabiliser (BRL‐10833) has been compared with placebo in a double‐blind controlled trial in twenty‐five patients with ulcerative colitis; patients received each treatment for one month. There was no significant clinical improvement in symptoms or sigmoidoscopic findings with the drug but there was significant improvement in the histological appearance of rectal biopsies during active treatment.
Haemagglutinating antibodies to cat dander in relation to exposure and respiratory allergy
Authors: KUULIALA OUTI , PALOSUO T. , AHO K. , JÄRVINEN K. A. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCat epithelial extract was coupled with chromic chloride to red cells and used as an antigen in a haemagglutination assay. Agglutinins coexisted with IgE type antibodies in 44% of patients with respiratory allergy and sensitivity to cat dander but occurred in only 1% of asthmatic patients sensitized to other allergens or in controls. The agglutinins were detected in six out of 104 cat fanciers, and three of those with agglutinins had asthma. The agglutinins were of IgG type and were heterogeneous in specificity.