bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Rhinometry of Asian Noses
Authors: Tantilipikorn Pongsakorn , Jareoncharsri Perapun , Voraprayoon Siriporn , Bunnag Chaweewan , Clement Peter A. 
Published: January 2009

Background Each ethnic group has different nasal cavity geometries. The reference value of the minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) and the nasal volume (NV) is mandatory for rhinologic evaluation in regular practice and for research. This study was designed to study the normal value of acoustic rhinometry (AR) in Asian subjects in comparison with other ethnic groups. Methods AR was performed in 135 healthy Thai subjects. Subjects were divided into two groups: group I, with normal anterior rhinoscopic appearance; group II included subjects with asymptomatic, slightly deviated nasal septa. Results The mean of the MCA was 0.61 ± 0.60 cm2 before decongestion and 0.64 ± 0.14 cm2 after decongestion. The mean distance from the nostril to the point of MCA (D) was 1.66 ± 0.59 cm before decongestion and 1.41 ± 0.74 cm after decongestion. The mean of the NV measured between 0 and 4 cm was 3.66 ± 0.67 cm3 before decongestion and 4.18 ± 0.75 cm3 after decongestion. Before decongestion, there were no significant differences in the mean of the MCA, D, and NV between group I and group II subjects; however, there were significant differences in mean MCA and NV after decongestion. There were no differences in the parameters between male and female subjects before decongestion, except for the D, but after decongestion the mean values of the MCA, D, and NV were significantly higher in male subjects compared with female subjects. Conclusion The results of this study can be used as a reference value for Asian ethnicities. Thai subjects had measurements comparable with those of the European study and somewhat different from the study in black populations.
The Efficacy of Topical Antibiofilm Agents in a Sheep Model of Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Le Tong , Psaltis Alkis , Tan Lor Wai , Wormald Peter-John 
Published: January 2009

Background Biofilms have been shown to be resistant to conventional antibiotic treatment. This study uses a sheep biofilm model developed by our department to investigate several novel topical anti-biofilm treatments. Methods Staphylococcal biofilms were grown in 54 sheep frontal sinuses over 8 days: Each sinus was randomized to (1) no intervention, (2) single mupirocin flush, (3) regular 12-hourly mupirocin flushes for 5 days, (4) Citric Acid Zwitterionic Surfactant (CAZS) via hydrodebrider, (5) gallium nitrate, (6) CAZS with gallium nitrate, (7) CAZS with mupirocin, and (8) saline regular flushes. Sheep were sacrificed and the sinus mucosa harvested 1 or 8 days after treatment to assess treatment and any biofilm regrowth. Confocal scanning laser microscopy was used to confirm the presence or absence of biofilms, and the extent of biofilm reduction was quantitated using fluorescent in situ hybridization and colony forming unit counts. Results In the control sheep biofilm coverage averaged 31.7%. Saline and mupirocin b.d. washes for 5 days had 23% and 0.84% coverage, respectively, when harvested on day 8. A single mupirocin and gallium wash had 7.7% and 16.2% on day 1 and 5.88% and 16.0% on day 8. CAZS with hydrodebrider had 6.66% on day 1 but 21.95% on day 8 whereas CAZS with hydodebrider and gallium had 13.3% on day 8. Conclusion This study shows that regular treatment with mupirocin produced the most marked reduction in biofilm surface area coverage (0.84% and 1.25%) with sustained effects over the 8-day follow-up period.
Olfactory Bulb Volume in Patients with Sinonasal Disease
Authors: Rombaux Philippe , Potier Helene , Bertrand Bernard , Duprez Thierry , Hummel Thomas 
Published: January 2009

Background The aim of this study was to assess the volume of the olfactory bulb (OB) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (without nasal polyposis at the endoscopic evaluation) and to evaluate the correlation between this measure and the degree of sinonasal inflammation. Methods Patients with sinonasal disease (SND; n = 22) were compared with healthy controls (n = 16) using orthonasal and retronasal olfactory test results and OB volumes measurement calculated by planimetric manual contouring using standardized methods. The Lund-Mackay score (originally described for CT scan) was also used to gauge sinonasal inflammation (SND score). Results The two groups were not significantly different in terms of age or distribution of sex. Patients had significantly higher right- and left-sided SND scores than controls. There was no significant group difference between patients and controls with regard to OB volume. However, patients with an SND score ≥12 had larger OB volumes than patients with higher SND scores (p < 0.001). Even when controlling for the subjects’ age, a significant correlation was present between OB volume and SND score (r =-0.52; p = 0.001) with smaller OB volumes being associated with a higher degree of sinonasal pathology. Conclusion OB volume correlated with the SND score, which is an indicator of the degree of sinonasal inflammation. SND patients with a slight decrease or even normal olfactory function may already exhibit changes in their OB volume. This study also seems to emphasize the idea that OB volume changes are more sensitive to subtle changes in the olfactory system than results from psychophysical testing.
Posttraumatic Anosmia Secondary to Central Nervous System Injury
Authors: Wu Amy P. , Davidson Terence 
Published: January 2009

Background The presumed pathogenesis of posttraumatic anosmia is stretching or shearing of the olfactory nerves in a coup-contracoup head contusion. Direct injury to the brain is an alternate mechanism of injury. In this study we report a case where direct injury to the brain is the probable mechanism of injury. Methods A case report was performed. Results A 55-year-old man presented with loss of smell beginning 1 month after a closed head injury with loss of consciousness. The MRI showed posttraumatic scarring in the region of the olfactory bulbs. Conclusion This case suggests that central nervous system injury to the olfactory bulbs and tracts may be a mechanism of posttraumatic anosmia.
Sonography versus Plain x Rays in Diagnosis of Nasal Fractures
Authors: Giirkov Robert , Krause Eike , Clevert Dirk 
Published: January 2009

Background The standard imaging procedure for suspected nasal fractures has been radiography (XR). However, its usefulness for clinical decision making is highly controversial. High-resolution ultrasonography now offers a promising new diagnostic imaging option. In this study we compared the diagnostic value of high-resolution ultrasonography and conventional XR in the evaluation of suspected nasal fractures. Methods A prospective single-blinded study was performed. Ultrasound (US) and XR findings in 80 patients with suspected nasal fractures were compared with the definite clinical diagnosis with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Results For detection of fractures of the nasal dorsum, both modalities had high sensitivity (98 and 88% for US and XR, respectively) and specificity (95% for both US and XR). In lateral nasal wall fractures, specificity was higher for XR (75% versus 94%). Sensitivity was significantly higher for the US examination (98% versus 28%). In summary, the accuracy was higher for US. Conclusion When available, US should be the first-line imaging procedure in the evaluation of nasal fractures.
Balloon Catheter Dilatation for Frontal Sinus Ostium Stenosis in the Office Setting
Authors: Luong Amber , Batra Pete S. , Fakhri Samer , Citardi Martin J. 
Published: January 2009

Background Frontal sinus ostium stenosis (FSOS) is problematic even for expert surgeons. Balloon catheter (BC) technology has been recently introduced to rhinology. The aim of this study is to assess technical feasibility and effectiveness of BC dilatation of FSOS in the office setting. Methods This retrospective, multi-institutional case series describes all patients who underwent BC dilatation of FSOS in the office setting in the year ending December 31, 2007. Results Six adult patients underwent a total of seven BC dilatations of FSOS in the clinical setting. The pretreatment ostium size was 1-2 mm. Four of the dilatations were performed with a 5-mm lacrimal BC (LacriCATH, Quest Medical, Allen, TX) and three dilatations were executed with a 7-mm sinus BC (SinuCATH, Quest Medical). All procedures were performed using topical anesthesia only. No complications occurred. Five of the six dilated FSOS dilatations were deemed successful after one BC dilatation. One ostium contracted >50% and required repeat BC dilatation. All ostia have remained patent with a follow-up range of 4-9 months. No subject has required formal surgical revision. Conclusion This preliminary report describes BC of FSOS in the office setting. The technique may serve as a safe and feasible alternative, potentially avoiding formal revision sinus surgery in select patients.
Postoperative Antibiotic Care after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Jiang Rong-San , Liang Kai-Li , Yang Kung-Yaun , Shiao Jiun-Yih , Su Mao-Chang , Hsin Chung-Han , Lin Jen-Fu 
Published: January 2009

Background Antibiotics are used routinely in the postoperative care of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), but their efficacy has not been well evaluated. Methods Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent FESS were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups: a study group and a control group. In the study group, patients took amoxicillin/clavulante for 3 weeks after FESS. In the control group, no antibiotic was given after FESS. Before FESS, all patients filled out a symptom questionnaire and received nasal endoscopy. Swab specimens were taken from the middle meati for bacterial cultures. These procedures were done again 3 weeks after FESS. Results Seventy-one patients completed the study. Thirty-one patients were in the study group, and 40 patients were in the control group. The symptom scores significantly decreased after surgery in both groups, but bacteria identified before and after FESS were statistically different in both groups. There were no differences in the symptom and endoscopic scores, rates of bacterial culture, and drug sensitivity to amoxicillin/clavulante between the two groups after FESS. Conclusion This study showed that postoperative care with amoxicillin/clavulante did not improve the short-term outcome of FESS on chronic rhinosinusitis or decrease bacterial growth 3weeks after FESS, although the long-term influence was not evaluated in this study.
Attachment-oriented Endoscopic Surgical Strategy for Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma
Authors: Landsberg Roee , Cavel Oren , Segev Yoram , Khafif Avi , Fliss Dan M. 
Published: January 2009

Background It is well documented that inverted papillomas (IP) have a localized attachment site. Still, instead of concentrating on the attachment site, endoscopic surgeons often perform an extended resection similar to the one achieved after external surgery. Objective Our objective was to evaluate an attachment-oriented endoscopic surgical strategy and to determine IP attachment diameter and location. Methods A prospective study was conducted. Thirty-three consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic IP excision (2001-2007) were enrolled. Thirty patients had adequate follow-up. Attachment diameters were measured in 25/33 patients. Surgery included debulking, identifying the precise mucosal attachment site, subperiosteal dissection and excision of the attachment, frozen section control, and resection/drilling of underlying bone. Results The mean measured attachment diameter (n = 25) was 8.4 ± 6 mm (range, 3-23 mm). Attachment locations included maxillary sinus (39%), ethmoid sinus (21%), nasal cavity (21%), frontal sinus (6%), sphenoid sinus (6%), lamina papyracea (3%), and cribriform plate (3%). The mean follow-up (n = 30) was 40 ± 21 months. Three patients had Krouse stage 1, 10 patients had stage 2, and 17 patients had stage 3. Nine patients had undergone previous surgeries. After attachment-oriented endoscopic surgery, three patients had persistent disease. Nasolacrimal duct stenosis was the only complication (n = 1). Conclusion Even advanced IP have small attachments. Their Identification facilitates efficacious resection with minimal morbidity.
In Vivo Laser Tissue Welding in the Rabbit Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Bleier Benjamin S. , Palmer James N. , Gratton Michael A. , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: January 2009

Background One of the challenges in the current expansion of endoscopic sinonasal surgery is the ability to adequately reconstruct the skull base. Laser tissue welding (LTW) uses laser energy coupled to a biological solder to produce tissue bonds with burst thresholds exceeding human intracranial pressure. This technology could be used to reduce the rate of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. We performed this study to determine whether LTW can create durable tissue bonds in sinonasal mucosa that support normal wound healing and produce minimal collateral thermal injury. Methods Bilateral maxillary sinus mucosal incisions were made in 20 New Zealand white rabbits and one side was repaired using LTW. Burst pressure thresholds were measured on postoperative days 0, 5, and 15 and were compared with control using a two- way ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey test. Welds were examined histologically for thermal injury, inflammation, and fibroplasia and graded on a 4-point scale by three blinded observers. Results The burst pressures of the LTW group were significantly higher than control on postoperative day 0 (120.85 mm Hg, N = 4, SD = 47.84 versus 7.85 mm Hg, N = 4, SD = 0.78), and day 5 (132.56 mm Hg, N = 8, SD = 24.02 versus 41.7 mm Hg, N = 8, SD = 7.2; p < 0.05). By postoperative day 15 there was no significant difference between LTW (169.64 mm Hg, N = 8, SD = 18.49) and control (160.84 mm Hg, N = 8, SD = 14.16) burst thresholds. There was no evidence of thermal injury to the surrounding tissue in any group as well as no difference between experimental group and control with respect to inflammation or fibroplasia. Conclusion This is the first in vivo study showing that LTW is capable of producing tissue bonds exceeding human intracranial pressure with negligible thermal injury in sinonasal tissue. Welding can be performed endoscopically using a fiberoptic cable and may be useful in CSF leak and skull base repair.
Comparison of Laryngeal Mask with Endotracheal Tube for Anesthesia in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Atef Ahmed , Fawaz Ahmed 
Published: January 2009

Background The purpose of this study was to compare surgical conditions, including the amount of intraoperative bleeding as well as intraoperative blood pressure, during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) using flexible reinforced laryngeal mask airway (FRLMA) versus endotracheal tube (ETT) in maintaining controlled hypotension anesthesia induced by propofol-remifentanil total i.v. anesthesia (TIVA). Methods Sixty normotensive American Society of Anesthesiologists I—II adult patients undergoing FESS under controlled hypotension anesthesia caused by propofol-remifentanil-TIVA were randomly assigned into two groups: group I, FRLMA; group II, ETT. Hemorrhage was measured and the visibility of the operative field was evaluated according to a six-point scale. Results Controlled hypotension was achieved within a shorter period using laryngeal mask using lower rates of remifentanil infusion and lower total dose of remifentanil. Conclusion In summary, our results indicate that airway management using FRLMA during controlled hypotension anesthesia provided better surgical conditions in terms of quality of operative field and blood loss and allowed for convenient induced hypotension with low doses of remifentanil during TIVA in patients undergoing FESS.
Results of Endoscopic Maxillary Mega-antrostomy in Recalcitrant Maxillary Sinusitis
Authors: Cho Do-Yeon , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: January 2009

Background In patients with chronically diseased maxillary sinuses, poor mucociliary clearance may result from long-standing inflammation or scarring from previous surgery. This subset of patients often has persistent sinus disease despite medical therapy and adequate antrostomy. Endoscopic maxillary mega-antrostomy (EMMA) is a mucosal sparing technique that facilitates mucus clearance and sinus irrigation in terminally dysfunctional maxillary sinuses. EMMA involves extending the antrostomy through the posterior half of the inferior turbinate down to the floor of the nose, creating a significantly enlarged antrostomy. This study describes our results of EMMA in recalcitrant maxillary sinusitis. Methods A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent EMMA for recalcitrant maxillary sinusitis between July 2005 and September 2007. We studied diagnoses, comorbid factors, clinical efficacy, revision rate, and complications. Results Twenty-eight patients (average age, 48 years) underwent 42 EMMAs for recalcitrant maxillary sinusitis. Average follow-up was 11 months. All patients had previous maxillary sinus surgery (mean = 2.3). Relevant comorbid factors included prior Caldwell-Luc or maxillofacial surgery (16/42), cystic fibrosis (11/42), asthma (11/42), and IgG deficiency (3/42). The most common symptoms reported were facial pain/pressure and purulent rhinorrhea. At the time of the most recent postoperative examination, 74% of patients reported complete resolution of symptoms while 26% reported partial symptomatic improvement. There were no complications and the revision rate was 0%. Conclusion Maxillary sinuses that appear to be terminally diseased may be rehabilitated surgically without the need for surgical stripping. EMMA is an effective and safe treatment option for the management of recalcitrant maxillary sinus disease.
Theoretical study of wetting behavior of nanoparticles at fluid interfaces
Authors: Mi Jianguo , He Yongjin , Zhong Chongli 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this work, a theoretical model was developed to describe the wetting behavior of nanoparticles at liquid‐vapor interface by the integration of the renormalization group transformation, the cell theory, and the modified fundamental measurement theory with the first‐order mean spherical approximation method. The results show that the new model can be used to investigate the global behavior and surface tensions of nanoparticle/fluid systems. Particularly, the nanoparticle's wetting behavior inside critical region was discussed systematically. More important, this work proposed a methodology for calculating line tension and contact angle, showing that line tension has considerable influence on wetting properties for small nanoparticles, whereas it is negligible for large nanoparticles. Therefore, this work provides a general method for studying the wetting behavior of nanoparticles that may find wide applications in the field of chemical engineering. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Production of bio‐crude from forestry waste by hydro‐liquefaction in sub‐/super‐critical methanol
Authors: Yang Yun , Gilbert Allan , Xu Chunbao (Charles) 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHydro‐liquefaction of a woody biomass (birch powder) in sub‐/super‐critical methanol without and with catalysts was investigated with an autoclave reactor at temperatures of 473–673 K and an initial pressure of hydrogen varying from 2.0 to 10.0 MPa. The liquid products were separated into water soluble oil and heavy oil (as bio‐crude) by extraction with water and acetone. Without catalyst, the yields of heavy oil and water soluble oil were in the ranges of 2.4–25.5 wt % and 1.2–17.0 wt %, respectively, depending strongly on reaction temperature, reaction time, and initial pressure of hydrogen. The optimum temperature for the production of heavy oil and water soluble oil was found to be at around 623 K, whereas a longer residence time and a lower initial H2 pressure were found to be favorite conditions for the oil production. Addition of a basic catalyst, such as NaOH, K2CO3, and Rb2CO3, could significantly promote biomass conversion and increase yields of oily products in the treatments at temperatures less than 573 K. The yield of heavy oil attained about 30 wt % for the liquefaction operation in the presence of 5 wt % Rb2CO3 at 573 K and 2 MPa of H2 for 60 min. The obtained heavy oil products consisted of a high concentration of phenol derivatives, esters, and benzene derivatives, and they also contained a higher concentration of carbon, a much lower concentration of oxygen, and a significantly increased heating value (>30 MJ/kg) when compared with the raw woody biomass. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Investigation of reacting flow fields in miscible viscous fingering by a novel experimental method
Authors: Nagatsu Yuichiro , Ogawa Takashi , Kato Yoshihito , Tada Yutaka 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe reacting flow fields in reactive miscible viscous fingering in a Hele‐Shaw cell studied by Nagatsu and Ueda had not been completely elucidated, mainly because one cannot exactly recognize where and when the reaction takes place in the reactive fingering pattern. We developed a novel experimental method that allowed us to identify the reaction region in the fingering pattern employed in the previous studies. The novel method involves switching of the less‐viscous liquid injected in both the nonreactive and reactive experiments. By using the novel method, we succeeded in showing how the reaction region in the fingering pattern was affected by the initial reactant concentrations, the Péclet number, and time. We propose physical models of the reacting flow field in the cell's gap direction that can explain the obtained experimental results. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Local Probe Oxidation of Self‐Assembled Monolayers: Templates for the Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
Authors: Wouters Daan , Hoeppener Stephanie , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSurfaces with purposes: The electroinitiated patterning of self‐assembled monolayers enables the fabrication of a variety of complex nanostructures (see picture). The possibilities offered by the introduction of chemical selectivity through the local generation of chemically active groups and subsequent derivatization are reviewed, with a focus on progress in this area of research over the last four years.magnified imageThe local oxidation of self‐assembled monolayers with a scanning probe is a promising method for the generation of structures with chemical functionalities on the nanometer scale. This technique, which takes advantage of the chemical stability and versatility of self‐assembled monolayers and the ability to pattern these monolayers by scanning‐probe‐based oxidation methods, enables the hierarchical assembly of complex structures in a controlled manner. Surface modification can be followed by the assembly of a further functional monolayer and/or additional surface‐modification reactions in the targeted, sequential construction of functional device features.
Lighting up H2O2: The Molecule that Is a “Necessary Evil” in the Cell
Authors: Zhao Wei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA cunning plan: In the multifunctional fluorescent probe MitoPY1 the phosphonium head group (red) targets mitochondria and the boronate group (green) responds to hydrogen peroxide. MitoPY1 reacts selectively with mitochondrial H2O2 in living cells, and an increase in fluorescence is triggered by the conversion of MitoPY1 into MitoPY1ox (yellow).magnified image