bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign chronic neutropenia with abnormalities involving 16q22, affecting mother and daughter
Authors: Glasser Lewis , Meloni‐Ehrig Aurelia , Joseph Plakyil , Mendiola Jennifer 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe report a case of familial, chronic, benign neutropenia in a 17‐year‐old female showing (1) the spontaneous expression of a heritable rare fragile site at 16q22 and (2) a deletion at the same region. The del(16)(q22), which most likely originated from the fragile site, was the main clonal abnormality detected in the patient's bone marrow cells, whereas a few cells with either del(16)(q22) or fra(16)(q22) were seen in the patient's peripheral blood. Interestingly, the del(16q) was also detected in the patient's uncultured cells, as demonstrated by FISH, excluding an in vitro origin of the del(16q) during culture. The bone marrow was hypocellular with decreased neutrophils and their precursors. Absolute neutrophil counts ranged from (0.62 to 1.24) × 109/L with a median value of 1.02 × 109/L. The patient had a more severe neutropenia than her mother, which correlated with the presence of more cells with del(16q) in the marrow. The patient's mother, who was also diagnosed with neutropenia, revealed only a few cells with the rare fra(16)(q22) in her peripheral blood cells, whereas her bone marrow showed cells with both fra(16)(q22) and del(16)(q22), although the del(16q) was present in only 2/20 cells. Some possible candidate genes contributing to the pathogenesis of the neutropenia are discussed. Chromosome abnormalities involving the 16q22 breakpoint have been observed in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this patient, the del(16)(q22) risk factor is unknown for subsequent development of MDS or AML. Another point to consider is the need to determine the origin of a chromosome abnormality, particularly when the clinical picture does not fit the chromosome findings. Although, the observation of a constitutional structural abnormality in a mosaic form is an extremely rare event, it is somewhat different in the case of a fragile site expression, which can, as in this case, be present in some cells and not in others. Am. J. Hematol. 81:262–270, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dural venous sinus thrombosis in a patient with sickle cell disease: Case report and literature review1
Authors: Ciurea S.O. , Thulborn K.R. , Gowhari M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe report a case of dural venous sinus thrombosis (DVST) in a patient who developed seizures following exchange transfusion for treatment of acute chest syndrome associated with sickle cell disease. Evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography of the brain indicated left sigmoid sinus thrombosis. The history and laboratory evaluation did not reveal any other inherited or acquired hypercoagulable states. This is the fourth case of dural venous sinus thrombosis associated with sickle cell disease reported in literature. The patient had a favorable outcome with early treatment of unfractionated heparin. Am. J. Hematol. 81:290–293, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppression of ionization and optimization of assay for 3‐hydroxy fatty acids in house dust using ion‐trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Alwis K. Udeni , Larsson Lennart , Milton Donald K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground3‐Hydroxy fatty acids (3‐OHFAs), components of lipid A of gram‐negative bacteria are useful chemical markers of endotoxin.MethodsWe analyzed 3‐OHFAs in house dust as trimethylsilyl (TMS) methyl ester derivatives in the electron impact ionization mode using gas chromatography ion‐trap mass spectrometry. Linear calibrations with r > 0.995 were observed for all the 3‐OHFA methyl ester external standards.ResultsRecovery efficiency experiments with house dust demonstrated that accurate quantification requires calibration curves to be subjected to phase separation and solid phase extraction (SPE) because of differing clean‐up losses according to chain length of 3‐OHFAs. Recovery experiments also demonstrated interference with detection of C16:0 by the ion trap, which may be due to suppression of ionization by a constituent in house dust. Interference was overcome by injecting 1:4 dilutions of derivatized samples. The range of recoveries was 89.3%–111.5% for 3‐OHFAs added to house dust. The reproducibility of injections was high (CV for C14:0 = 2.36%). The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.15 ng/mg for each 3‐OHFA.ConclusionsThe modifications we made included: use of 3‐hydroxy C11:0 and C13:0 methyl esters as internal standards, subjecting calibration standards to phase separation and SPE; addition of water to phase separation; addition of 1‐pentadecanol as a carrier; injecting 1:4 diluted TMS derivatives of 3‐OHFAs; and monitoring both m/z 131 and 133 ions to improve stability of area measurements for product ions. This method of optimization establishes an appropriate technique for quantification of 3‐OHFAs in house dust. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:286–295, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recombinant factor C assay for measuring endotoxin in house dust: Comparison with LAL, and (1 → 3)‐β‐D‐glucans
Authors: Alwis K. Udeni , Milton Donald K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of exposure to environmental endotoxin is frequently performed using a Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) based assay. Recently, a new method has become available with similar sensitivity and potentially greater specificity using recombinant Factor C (rFC) from the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. A preliminary study was carried out to determine the comparability of LAL and rFC in measuring endotoxins in house dust for large scale epidemiologic studies.MethodsHouse dust samples were collected from family rooms by vacuuming 1 m2 of the center of the room. Sixty sieved house dust samples were assayed for endotoxin by LAL (Cambrex, KQCL lysate) and rFC (Pyrogene, Cambrex) and for (1 → 3)‐β‐D‐glucans by ELISA. The resistant parallel line estimation was used for data analysis of LAL and rFC. A four‐parameter logistic fit with inverse prediction was used to calculate (1 → 3)‐β‐D‐glucan levels of the samples.ResultsThe spike recovery was 113.63% (95% CI = 101.69, 125.57%) for LAL and 99.69% (95% CI = 90.14, 109.24%) for rFC assays. The LAL assay gave higher endotoxin estimates compared with rFC. The LAL and rFC estimates were highly correlated (r = 0.86, P < 0.0001). The difference between LAL and rFC endotoxin estimates correlated with the LAL estimates (r = 0.51, P < 0.0001). However, the difference was not correlated with (1 → 3)‐β‐D‐glucans.ConclusionLAL and rFC gave comparable results, hence either assay can be used for studies of endotoxin exposure. The current study shows that (1 → 3)‐β‐D‐glucan is not a major factor interfering with endotoxin measurements in house dust using a Cambrex KQCL LAL preparation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:296–300, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adiposity affects human response to inhaled organic dust
Authors: Cormier Yvon , Israël‐Assayag Evelyne 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundSwine containment facilities are often highly contaminated with organic dusts that often contain varying levels of endotoxins and other microbial products. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of obesity on the inflammatory response induced by chronic or acute exposure to swine confinement buildings (SCB).MethodsTwo separate studies were performed; Study I included 36 SCB long‐time workers and a control group of 35 matched male hospital workers never exposed to SCB. In Study II, 14 naïve healthy young subjects (8 overweight and 6 lean) volunteered to be acutely exposed to a SCB environment for 5 hr. Markers of sub‐clinical inflammation linked to obesity (C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL‐6)) or to active inflammation (soluble adhesion molecules, IL‐8, TNF) were measured.ResultsIn the first study, positive correlations were found between girth circumference and serum levels of IL‐6 (r = 0.57, P = 0.0003) and CRP (r = 0.62, P < 0.0001) in the control group. These correlations were however blunted or lost in the SCB workers group who showed positive correlations between girth circumference and soluble l‐selectin (r = 0.34, P = 0.04), TNFα (r = 0.37, P = 0.03), ICAM‐1 (r = 0.61, P < 0.0001).In the second study involving acute SCB exposure of naïve volunteers, no significant differences were observed between normal weight and overweight subjects for white blood cells, nasal lavage cell counts, and IL‐8 levels. However, higher levels of CRP, TNF, and IL‐6 were detected in overweight volunteers compared to those who were lean.ConclusionsIn pig farmers (Study I), environmentally induced chronic inflammation appears to blunt the sub‐clinical inflammation linked to obesity, whereas in naïve volunteers of Study II, environmentally induced acute inflammation seems to have a potentiating effect on obesity‐related inflammatory markers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:281–285, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pesticide safety behaviors in Latino farmworker family households
Authors: Rao Pamela , Gentry Amanda L. , Quandt Sara A. , Davis Stephen W. , Snively Beverly M. , Arcury Thomas A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundStudies to assess pesticide exposure of individuals living in agricultural settings suggest that farmworkers create a “take‐home” pathway from the fields to the home that increases exposure risk for non‐farmworker household members.MethodsA survey was conducted with 142 Latino women in farmworker family households in North Carolina to identify predictors of adherence to pesticide safety behaviors that may affect take‐home exposure risk. Behaviors included changing work clothes before entering the house, storing and washing contaminated work clothes separately from family clothing, and showering upon returning home.ResultsThe number of farmworkers in the household was negatively associated with adherence to recommended changing, storing, and showering behaviors. Most workers followed recommended laundry procedures for work clothes.ConclusionsResults support existing evidence for a take‐home pathway for pesticide residues in homes with several farmworkers. Pesticide safety education needs to reinforce behaviors that reduce take‐home exposure in farmworker households. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:271–280, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ten‐year comparison of BMI, body fat, and fitness in the workplace
Authors: Harbin Gary , Shenoy Catherine , Olson John 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundOverweight, obestity, and lack of fitness in America is reported to be increasing at an accelerated pace. This national trend has serious health and economic ramifications not only for the general population but also directly for industry. Obesity in the workplace has resulted in increased expenses to industry: directly through increased medical costs and indirectly through decreased productivity. The intent of this study is to define changes in fitness and body fat percentage in a working population in an isogeographical area over the past decade.MethodsData accumulated during a routine post‐offer testing program were divided into two groups composed of new industry hires tested from 1990 to 1992 and from 2000 to 2002. Body fat was measured with a standard skinfold. The body fat percentage and body mass index (BMI) from year 1990 were compared to those from year 2000. Fitness was assessed through an individual's ability to perform a timed maximum number of sit‐ups and squats.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the BMI between the year 1990 group and the year 2000 group (P = 0.132 for females and P = 0.110 for males). There was a significant increase in body fat percentage from the 1990 group to the 2000 group (P = 0.000 for females and P = 0.000 for males). A significant decrease in fitness was observed for both males and females during the 10‐year interval of the study.ConclusionsPercent body fat appears to be a better indicator than BMI for utilization in industry for evaluation of obesity in the workplace. The differences in significance levels between BMI and percent body fat suggest that a decrease in leisure‐time fitness activities could potentially contribute to the trend toward obesity. This study demonstrates that strength and/or fitness are important indicators that industry should monitor in order to improve the health and fitness of the workforce. Direct measurement of percent body fat and fitness indices are a more precise means than BMI for monitoring the workforce especially if employers are going to reward healthy behavior. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:223–230, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatal motor vehicle crashes among veterans of the 1991 Gulf War and exposure to munitions demolitions at Khamisiyah: A nested case‐control study
Authors: Gackstetter Gary D. , Hooper Tomoko I. , DeBakey Samar F. , Johnson Amy , Nagaraj Barbara E. , Heller Jack M. , Kang Han K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundA proposed explanation for the observed higher risk of fatal motor vehicle crashes (MVC) among 1991 Gulf War‐deployed veterans is neurocognitive deficits resulting from nerve agent exposure at Khamisiyah, Iraq. Our objective was to assess any association between postwar fatal MVC and possible nerve agent exposure based on 2000 modeled plume data.MethodsCases were defined as MVC deaths with a record in the Department of Transportation Fatality Analysis Reporting System through 1995. Cases (n = 282) and controls (n = 3,131) were derived from a larger nested case‐control study of Gulf War‐era veterans and limited to Army, male, deployed personnel. Exposure and cumulative dose by case‐control status were analyzed using multivariate techniques.ResultsExposure status was not associated with fatal MVC (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.72–1.26), nor were tertiles of cumulative dose.ConclusionsFindings do not support an association between possible exposures at Khamisiyah and postwar fatal MVC among Gulf War veterans. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:261–270, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutritional chemistry of foods eaten by gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda
Authors: Rothman Jessica M. , Dierenfeld Ellen S. , Molina Denis O. , Shaw Andrea V. , Hintz Harold F. , Pell Alice N. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFoods eaten by gorillas (Gorilla beringei) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP), Uganda, were analyzed for their nutrient content. The goal of the study was to assess the amounts of fiber, protein, and sugars in the foods eaten by the Bwindi gorillas, and to determine whether condensed tannins and cyanide are present in these foods. A total of 127 food plant parts representing 84 plant species eaten by two groups of Bwindi gorillas were collected, processed, and analyzed for their chemical contents. The Bwindi gorilla ate foods that contain 2–28% crude protein (CP), 21–88% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 14–60% acid detergent fiber (ADF), 2–42% acid detergent lignin (ADL), and ≤1–50% water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Moisture in these foods ranged from 7% to 96%. Approximately 35% of the foods analyzed contained condensed tannins, and two foods contained cyanogenic glycosides. This is the first detailed report regarding the nutritional chemistry of gorilla foods in Bwindi, many of which are also eaten by other primates. This unique data set adds to our knowledge about the nutritional composition of foods eaten by gorillas across habitats, is useful for understanding aspects of feeding behavior, and provides valuable comparative data for optimizing the diets of gorillas ex situ. Am. J. Primatol. 68:1–17, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ringschlussmetathese: ein Schlüssel zur Arensynthese
Authors: Donohoe Timothy J. , Orr Allan J. , Bingham Matilda 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDie Anwendung der Metathese, besonders der Ringschlussmetathese (RCM) zur Bildung von Fünf‐ und Sechsringen, ist heute in der organischen Chemie weit verbreitet; dennoch gibt es überraschend wenige Beispiele für ihre Anwendung zur Synthese aromatischer Verbindungen. Deren Bedeutung in der medizinischen Chemie und der Naturstoffsynthese, verbunden mit der Wirksamkeit von RCM‐Katalysatoren und ihrer Toleranz gegenüber funktionellen Gruppen, gibt Anlass, die Anwendung der RCM in der Arensynthese zu untersuchen. Die Synthese von heterocyclischen und carbocyclischen Arenen unter Verwendung der RCM wird in einigen Publikationen als Schlüsselschritt beschrieben. Galt das gebildete Aren in vielen frühen Beispielen noch als unerwünschtes Abbauprodukt, so wurden in letzter Zeit gezielt Methoden zur Arensynthese über RCM entwickelt.
Carrier‐bound methotrexate. II. Water‐soluble polyaspartamide methotrexate conjugates with amide links in polymer–drug spacer
Authors: Caldwell Gregg , Meirim Maria G. , N'Da David D. , Neuse Eberhard W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn Part I of this series, conjugation of methotrexate (MTX) to water‐soluble polyaspartamide carriers was accomplished through ester link formation between an MTX carboxyl group and a carrier‐attached hydroxyl function. Contrasting with that type of anchoring link, this project utilizes amide formation as the means of drug conjugation. This is achieved through condensation of one of the drug's carboxyl groups with a carrier‐attached primary amine function. Derived from polysuccinimide by a time‐proven nucleophilic ring‐opening process in the presence of aliphatic diamines, polyaspartamide‐type carriers 1–12 comprise subunits equipped with tert‐amine or hydroxyl side group terminals for hydrosolubilization and other subunits equipped with primary amine terminals as drug‐binding sites. MTX conjugation with these carriers is effected in aprotic solvent, the reaction being mediated by 2‐(1H‐benzotriazol‐1‐yl)‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate. The water‐soluble conjugates are fractionated and purified by size exclusion chromatography and dialysis; they are isolated by freeze‐drying in typical yields of 40–65%. In the molar MTX/NH2 feed ratios that are chosen (generally 1.2–1.3) and with the mole fractions of drug‐binding subunits restricted to 10 and 20%, drug loading in the resultant conjugates approximates 20–30% by mass. In follow‐on study, conjugates 1‐MTX–12‐MTX thus obtained will be screened in cell culture tests for antiproliferative activity against a number of human cancer lines. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3415–3424, 2006
Core/shell SiOx@PAM nanospheres from UV‐assisted surface‐initiated free radical polymerization
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhang Liuxue , Su Zhixing 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe core/shell SiOx@polyacrylamide (SiOx@PAM) nanospheres were successfully prepared by the in situ surface‐initiated free radical polymerization of acrylamide (AM) from the silica nanoparticles with self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of N‐methyl aniline (NMA) in presence of benzophonone via a precipitation polymerization method under the ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The conversion of monomer (C%) and the percentage of encapsulating (PE%), calculated from the elemental analyses (EA) results, reached 20.9 and 51.0% after 150 min of UV‐irradiation, respectively. It is consistent with the analyses of TGA. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses also confirmed the formation of the core/shell SiOx@PAM nanospheres. And it was investigated that the silica nanoparticles had been encapsulated with PAM from the X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analyses. The analysis results of transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that the diameters of the SiOx@PAM nanospheres were in the range of 50–200 nm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3433–3438, 2006
Some monomer reactivity ratios of styrene and (meth)acrylates in the presence of TEMPO
Authors: Jianying Huang , Jiayan Chu , Jiaming Zhuang , Yihong Chen , Lizong Dai , Yousi Zou 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe living free‐radical copolymerizations of styrene (St) with the polar monomers (methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA), butyl methacrylate (BMA), methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), butyl acrylate (BA), 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), and vinyl acetate (VAc)) mediated by TEMPO and BPO as initiator at 125°C had been analyzed by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The data from GPC showed that the polydispersities of the resulted copolymers were below 1.5, and the rate of polymerization increased, while the polydispersity declined with increase in St molar fraction in the feed. Monomer reactivity ratios had been determined by expanded Kelen–Tüdos method. rSt = 1.32, rMA = 0.14; rSt = 1.17, rEA = 0.23; rSt = 0.83, rBA = 0.20; rSt = 0.74, rMMA = 0.25; rSt = 0.76, rEMA = 0.30; rSt = 1.27, rBMA = 0.59; rSt = 1.67, rVAc = 1.05; and rSt = 0.28, rHEA = 0.43. In the copolymerization of St with acrylates the monomer reactivity ratio r1 (St) decreases and in the copolymerization of St with methacrylates the monomer reactivity ratio r1 (St) increases while the length of the substituted group increases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3531–3535, 2006
Epoxy‐tert‐butyl poly(cyanoarylene ether) blends: Phase morphology, fracture toughness, and mechanical properties
Authors: Saxena Akanksha , Francis Bejoy , Rao V. Lakshmana , Ninan K. N. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTert‐butyl hydroquinone–based poly(cyanoarylene ether) (PENT) was synthesized by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile with tert‐butyl hydroquinone using N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate in a nitrogen atmosphere at 200°C. PENT‐toughened diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) was developed using 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as the curing agent. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that all blends had a two‐phase morphology. The morphology changed from dispersed PENT to a cocontinuous structure with an increase in PENT content in the blends from 5 to 15 phr. The viscoelastic properties of the blends were investigated using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The storage modulus of the blends was less than that of the unmodified resin, whereas the loss modulus of the blends was higher than that of the neat epoxy. The tensile strength of the blends improved slightly, whereas flexural strength remained the same as that of the unmodified resin. Fracture toughness was found to increase with an increase in PENT content in the blends. Toughening mechanisms like local plastic deformation of the matrix, crack path deflection, crack pinning, ductile tearing of thermoplastic, and particle bridging were evident from the scanning electron micrographs of failed specimens from the fracture toughness measurements. The thermal stability of the blends were comparable to that of the neat resin. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3536–3544, 2006