bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESPONSE OF PLASMA ALDOSTERONE TO ANGIOTENSIN II, ACTH AND POTASSIUM IN MAN
Authors: Scholer D. , Birkhäuser M. , Peytremann A. , Riondel A. M. , Vallotton M. B. , Muller A. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma aldosterone, corticosterone, cortisol and renin activity have been measured in recumbent normal subjects (n = 3–4) following stimulation with angiotensin II, ACTH and potassium. Control studies on a regular sodium intake show that in the same subject aldosterone and renin activity exhibit no time dependent pattern from 7 a.m. to 11 a.m., while corticosterone and cortisol decrease continuously. Angiotensin II (infusion of 7 ng/kg/min over 1–3 h), ACTH (rapid iv injection of 0.5 mg β1-24 ACTH) and potassium (potassium citrate 30 mEq. po every hour for 3 h) on a regular Na intake induce a reproducible increase of aldosterone. The onset of this increase is observed within 10 min for angiotensin II and ACTH and within 60–90 min for potassium. The range of the rise in aldosterone is about 20–25 ng/100 ml for all 3 stimuli, corresponding to a 3–5 fold increase from basal values. Angiotensin II and potassium are, in the dose used, specific stimuli of aldosterone; ACTH however stimulates aldosterone, corticosterone and cortisol, but to a variable degree and with a different time-course response. On a low sodium intake, a similar aldosterone response pattern is found after stimulation with ACTH, but only exceptionally after stimulation with potassium; after both stimuli values of 55–75 ng/100 ml have been reached.
HAPTEN-RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF PLASMA OESTRADIOL
Authors: Doerr Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A hapten-radioimmunoassay for plasma oestradiol is described and information about the reliability of the method is given in detail. Oestradiol-3-hemisuccinate coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin is used for immunization of rabbits. The antiserum utilized for the assay is characterized by its titer, affinity and specificity. Following ether extraction and NaOH-light petroleum partition oestradiol is separated from crossreacting oestrogens by TLC. Oxidation of oestradiol on the plate is prevented by mercaptoethanol. To separate free and antibody bound ligand 250 μg dextran-coated charcoal per tube is used in the presence of bovine serum gammaglobulin (1 mg/ml). The between-assay precision based on 15 different determinations of control samples from normal adult male plasma was 9.4% (C. V.). The mean reagent blank value of 31 determinations was equivalent to 0.3 pg oestradiol and the detection limit in terms of the 99% confidence limit for a single blank value, was equivalent to 4.3 pg oestradiol. A procedure for detecting plasma blanks is described. Plasma oestradiol is separated from approximately all concomitant substances originally present in the sample by enzymatic conversion into oestrone and a second TLC. No plasma blanks could be detected with respect to normal adult male plasma. Normal values for adult males based on 51 subjects were characterized by a median of 17.2 pg/ml and the 95 percentiles of 9.5–27.6.
THE EFFECTS OF CYPROTERONE ACETATE AND OESTRADIOL UPON TESTOSTERONE STIMULATED SEBACEOUS ACTIVITY IN THE RAT
Authors: Ebling F. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Castrated rats were implanted with testosterone and in addition treated with either cyproterone acetate or oestradiol or both. Testosterone by itself very significantly increased both sebum production and the incidence of sebaceous mitoses. Each of the other compounds significantly reduced sebum production in rats treated with testosterone. Cyproterone acetate reduced the incidence of sebaceous mitoses and the weight of the preputial glands, whereas oestradiol had neither of these effects. When both compounds were given simultaneously, their combined effect in reducing sebaceous secretion was equal to the product of their individual effects. The results reinforce the view that oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic steroids have different points of action in the sebaceous glands, and suggest that the most effective way of reducing sebaceous activity might be to use both types of compound in combination.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Hüfner M. , Hesch R.-D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay for triiodothyronine (T3) is demonstrated. Details of the T3 antibody binding reaction are discussed and the statistical data of the assay system are presented. Plasma samples were first extracted by a simple ion exchange method and the extracts then tested by radioimmunoassay. The mean normal concentration was 1.35 ± 0.29 ng/ml.
Later, direct measurements in serum samples were performed after partial inhibition of T3 binding to TBG by merthiolate and high pH buffer. After correction for the residual non-specific binding a mean normal plasma level of 1.2 ± 0.3 ng/ml was obtained.
STUDIES IN CONGENITAL GENERALIZED LIPODYSTROPHY
Authors: Søvik Oddmund , Oseid Svein 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The biological activity of plasma insulin from 4 cases of congenital generalized lipodystrophy has been studied, using rat diaphragm and epididymal adipose tissue in vivo. The results are compared with previous data on plasma immunoreactive insulin obtained in these patients. 2 of the 4 cases exhibited unusually high biological insulin activities during the fasting state as well as after an intravenous (iv) glucose load. In the fat pad assay activities as high as 10 000 μU insulin per ml were observed. During childhood the biological insulin activities were generally high, although there were large individual variations. However, in the one case studied after the age of puberty, the insulin response to a glucose load was negligible. Taken together, the biological and immunological activities observed strongly suggest the presence of pancreatic insulin in these patients. It appears that the circulating insulin has a fully biological activity. The decreasing insulin activities after cessation of growth are in agreement with the appearance of frank diabetes at this time.
ON THE ACTION OF TOLBUTAMIDE IN NORMAL MAN
Authors: Widström A. , Cerasi E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The initial as well as the late plasma insulin responses to low and high dose glucose infusions were enhanced by iv administration of tolbutamide in eight normal subjects. When expressed as change of the dose-response relationship between blood glucose level and plasma insulin response, the effect of tolbutamide consisted of a shift to the left of the dose-response curve, without increasing the maximum insulin response. This indicates that the drug acts as a sensitizer of the pancreas to the insulinogenic effect of glucose. In this respect, the effect of tolbutamide was of a similar nature both with regard to the initial and late insulin responses. The administration of tolbutamide at the beginning or towards the end of the one hour glucose infusion resulted in comparable enhancements of the late insulin response. Therefore, the effect of tolbutamide on the pancreas seems to be instantaneous, and does not change with prolonged exposure to the drug. Adrenaline, in a moderate dose, inhibited the synergism between glucose and tolbutamide. Since adrenaline in this dose probably does not interfere with glucose metabolism in the β-cell, it is concluded that tolbutamide does not act by modifying the metabolism of glucose, but rather by enhancing its direct insulinogenic signal in the β-cell.
ON THE ACTION OF TOLBUTAMIDE IN NORMAL MAN
Authors: Widström A. , Cerasi E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Previous studies in normal man suggest that tolbutamide exerts its insulinogenic effect by modulating glucose-induced insulin release. This is probably achieved by increasing the sensitivity of the β-cells to the action of glucose in eliciting an insulinogenic signal, rather than by influencing the glucose metabolism of the islets. The present paper reports on studies on the relation of tolbutamide to the cyclic AMP system of the islets. Aminophylline, which decreases the breakdown of cyclic AMP, was without effect on tolbutamide-induced insulin release. This indicates that tolbutamide probably does not act by stimulating adenyl cyclase. In contrast, the insulin response to glucagon, an agent known to stimulate adenyl cyclase, was markedly potentiated by tolbutamide. Tolbutamide. in this respect, also showed synergism with arginine, which probably acts by enhancing the formation of cyclic AMP. It is therefore concluded that tolbutamide may influence insulin release by acting as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor or as a potentiator of the action of cyclic AMP on the release mechanisms. The possible relationship of the tolbutamide action with the postulated insulinogenic signal of glucose in the β-cell is discussed.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF 11β-HYDROXYANDROSTENEDIONE BY HUMAN AND BABOON ADRENALS
Authors: Axelrod Leonard R. , Kraemer Duane C. , Burdett James , Goldzieher Joseph W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The conversion of androstenedione and cortisol to 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione was studied by in vitro incubations of human and baboon adrenals and by in vivo perfusion of baboon adrenals. By both approaches, androstenedione appeared to be the major precursor. Some sidechain cleavage of cortisol also occurs during incubation with whole blood.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE HUMAN PITUITARY WITH ANTI-LUTEINIZING HORMONE, ANTI-FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND ANTI-THYROTROPHIN SERA
Authors: Robyn C. , Leleux P. , Vanhaelst L. , Golstein J. , Herlant M. , Pasteels J. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Sections of fixed human pituitaries were investigated by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using antisera obtained following immunization of rabbits with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), human hypophyseal gonadotrophins (HHG) and bovine hypophyseal thyrotrophin (BTSH) preparations. After microphotography of immunofluorescent positive cells, the tissue sections were stained by the Alcian blue (or Thionine aldehyde)-Periodic Acid Schiff-Orange G method. The microscopical fields which had been examined in immunofluorescence were then relocated and photographed again. A correlation was established between the cells reacting with an antiserum and the cell types of the morphological nomenclatures for human adenohypophysis proposed by Romeis (1940) and by Pearse & van Noorden (1963) and those of the functional classification proposed by Herlant & Pasteels (1967).
The specificity of the antisera was checked by immunoelectrophoresis and by neutralization of the biological activities of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and BTSH. After selective absorption of the FSH neutralizing antibodies an anti-HCG serum became specific for LH. After selective absorption of the LH neutralizing antibodies an anti-HHG serum was found specific for FSH. The anti-BTSH sera neutralized the biological activity of human TSH, but cross reacted in immunoelectrophoresis with ovine LH and in immunofluorescence with the gonadotrophic cells of human pituitaries. After absorption with HCG, an anti-BTSH serum produced a specific immunofluorescence in large purple blue to dark blue Romeis δ cells filled with fine Alcian blue (or Thionine aldehyde) positive granules. This cell type is equivalent to the S2 mucoids of Pearse or to the "Thyrotrophs" of Herlant. The anti-LH and anti-FSH sera cross-reacted with TSH. Indeed, the S2 mucoids were also fluorescence positive with both anti-gonadotrophic sera. In addition, both anti-LH and anti-FSH sera produced a specific immunofluorescence in the group of purple coloured Romeis δ cells closely related to the S1 mucoids of Pearse. This would indicate that the same cell type contains immunoreactive LH and FSH, which is in contradiction with the description of two different gonadotrophic cell types based on histochemical stainings of human and animal pituitaries obtained in various physiopathological conditions.
THYROXINE STIMULATION OF AMINO ACID INCORPORATION INTO MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EFFECTS
Authors: Gordon Amirav , Surks Martin I. , Oppenheimer Jack H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vivo and in vitro stimulation of rat hepatic mitochondrial protein synthesis by thyroxine (T4) was compared. In confirmation of Buchanan & Tapley (1966). T4 added to isolated mitochondria rapidly stimulated [14C] leucine incorporation into mitochondrial protein. The in vitro stimulation was reversed after T4 was removed by incubating the mitochondria with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The decrease in T4 stimulation of protein synthesis appeared proportional to the T4 removed by BSA. Thus, it appears probable that exchangeable T4 controls the in vitro system. In contrast, the increase in mitochondrial protein synthesis which was observed 3 to 4 days after pretreatment of hypothyroid rats with labelled and non-radioactive T4 was not reversed by BSA treatment. Moreover, mitochondrial radioactivity could not be extracted with albumin. The in vivo phenomenon does not, therefore, appear to be related to exchangeable hormone in the mitochondria. Furthermore, the estimated quantity of T4 associated with mitochondria after in vivo stimulation was at least two orders of magnitude less than that required to produce comparable stimulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis in vitro. These findings strongly suggest that in vitro and in vivo stimulation of amino acid incorporation by T4 may be mediated by different biochemical mechanisms.
CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING FACTOR ACTIVITY IN HYPOTHALAMIC EXTRACTS OF MAN
Authors: Schilling R. M. , Blobel R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hypothalamic extracts of human corpses of both sexes were tested for corticotrophin-releasing activity using rats which were hypothalamus-blocked with chlorpromazine, morphine, and Nembutal. The released ACTH was determined by fluorometric measurement of the increase of plasma corticosterone. Fractions 2 and 4 (Sephadex G-25 chromatography) showed corticotrophin-releasing activity, whereas fraction 3 which had gonadotrophin-releasing activity in former studies, showed none. In hypophysectomized rats, fractions 2 and 4 showed no ACTH-contamination and contained activity definitely different from vasopressin. Fraction 4 showed a linear log dose-response between 0.05 and 1.25 hypothalamic equivalents. It is concluded that these fractions are identical to CRF and can be well separated from the gonadotrophin-releasing factors.
THYROID PROTEINS AND HORMONE SYNTHESIS IN VARIOUS BENIGN THYROID DISEASES: IN VIVO AND ORGAN CULTURE STUDIES
Authors: Thomas-Morvan Colette , Nataf Berthe M. , Tubiana Maurice 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The iodoproteins were extracted from 61 thyroid glands with signs of various benign diseases. In 59, the solubility properties and ultracentrifugation behaviour of the iodoproteins were normal, although the hormone synthesis was deficient. The incorporation of radioiodine into the hormones (T4* and T3) was smallest when the iodination of thyroglobulin (Tg) was lowest. In these cases the concentration of Tg was less than normal, but is seemed that the disorders of hormone synthesis were correlated with a deficiency in the iodination of Tg.
Two goitres were clearly different from the other cases studied; thus anomalies of the iodoproteins are rare. In these two goitres, Tg was virtually absent, although thyroid hormones were synthesized. Electrophoresis on acrylamide gel in one of these goitres showed 3 protein bands corresponding to the light fractions in extracts of normal thyroid tissue. Albumin (F1) was the only iodinated protein of this goitre and seemed to support hormone synthesis. Albumin did not appear to be synthesized by the thyroid tissue since 14C-amino acids were not incorporated into this fraction in organ culture. The other fractions (F2 and F3) did not incorporate radioiodine but appeared to incorporate 14C-amino acids to a slight extent. It is possible that this goitre is able to synthesize the precursors of Tg but not Tg itself.
A CASE OF ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION NORMALIZED DURING THE SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTERS OF THREE PREGNANCIES
Authors: Jørgensen P. I. , Sele V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Detailed hormonal studies were performed before, during and after three pregnancies in an untreated patient with adrenocortical hyperfunction due to hyperplasia.
The patient was clinically characterized by oligomenorrhoea and moderate hirsutism, but showed no signs of virilization or of Cushing's disease. In the non-pregnant state her 17-ketosteroid excretion was elevated to twice the normal value, the androsterone fraction being moderately and the aetiocholanolone fraction greatly elevated, whereas the excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone was essentially normal. In the non-pregnant state the excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids, tetrahydrocortisol, tetrahydrocortisone, cortisone and tetrahydrocorticosterone was also considerably elevated. On high doses of dexamethasone (8 mg daily) or cortisone (100 mg daily) all fractions of 17-ketosteroids as well as the cortisol metabolites were suppressed to about one-half.
Without preceding or simultaneous steroid treatment the patient conceived three times. During all three pregnancies every sign of excessive hormone production ceased. The excretion of 17-ketosteroids in all fractions fell to 20–30%, that of 17-ketogenic steroids to between 30% and 35 %, and that of cortisol metabolites to between 5 % and 46 % of the levels found before and after the pregnancies.
The considerable endocrine activity of the foeto-placental unit may have "normalized" the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical feed-back mechanism, either by suppressing or by altering the sensitivity of the feed-back system. An alternative theory might be an accelerated rate of cortisol metabolism by the liver in the non-pregnant state which is normalized during the last two trimesters of the pregnancies. The findings are being published as a contribution to the elucidation of the endocrinology of pregnancy.
HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PITUITARY TUMOURS
Authors: Faglia G. , Ambrosi B. , Beck-Peccoz P. , Travaglini P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function was investigated in 43 patients with pituitary tumours (22 acromegalics and 21 chromophobe adenomas) and in 7 patients with craniopharyngiomas. The subjects were divided into two groups, according to the intrasellar or to the suprasellar spread of the tumour. Plasma and urinary 17-OHCS were evaluated in basal conditions and after the following tests: ACTH, metyrapone, dexamethasone, LVP, hypoglycaemia and pyrogen.
Only in 10 subjects were all the tests normal, while there was a complete lack of response to the performed tests in 12 cases.
Under basal conditions a reduced urinary 17-OHCS excretion was observed in 24% of the patients, while plasma 17-OHCS levels appeared to be decreased only in 10 % of patients.
The adrenal reserve was reduced in 4 % of the cases. A greater frequency of negative responses (40 %) was shown by the metyrapone test. Dexamethasone administration failed to suppress plasma 17-OHCS in 29 % of the subjects. The LVP test demonstrated abnormal results in 42 % of the patients examined.
The hypoglycaemia test caused the greatest percentage of impaired responses (58 %) and the pyrogen test gave a higher incidence of normal results.
Our data suggest that the incidence of impaired tests is greater in patients with pituitary tumours with suprasellar spread which particularly tend to cause hypothalamic damage.
EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC THYROTROPHIN-RELEASING FACTOR ON PITUITARY TSH SECRETION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY DISORDERS
Authors: Otsuki Makoto , Mori Hidetaro , Baba Shigeaki , Hiroshige Naohisa 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Different doses of thyrotrophin-releasing factor (TRF) were administered by three different routes (intravenous, subcutaneous and oral) to 87 normal subjects in order to standardize the "TRF test" for the pituitary TSH reserve. The results were: 1) Intravenous single injection may be suitable as a routine TRF test because of the stability of TSH response to TRF and the reliability of TRF administration. 2) The maximum TSH increases were dose-related between 50 and 400 μg, so that we can recommend the use of 50 μg of TRF as a screening test for TSH secretion. 3) Oral administration and slow intravenous infusion of TRF with estimation of thyroxine levels can be useful as an indirect test of pituitary TSH reserve when TSH assays are not available. According to these results, the TRF test was performed in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders. A normal increase in plasma TSH occurred in 10 out of 20 patients with operated pituitary chromophobe adenoma following the administration of 50 or 100 μg of TRF. Two patients showed no rise in plasma TSH after receiving 50 or 100 μg of TRF but a normal rise after receiving 400 or 600 μg of TRF. Little or no rise in the plasma TSH levels occurred following the administration of 100 μg TRF in pituitary chromophobe adenoma and Sheehan's syndrome who had a long standing pituitary insufficiency and secondary hypothyroidism. However, some cases with craniopharyngioma and pinealoma, accompanied with a low level of thyroid function, showed a normal TSH responses to 50 μg of TRF. Since the pituitary of these cases remained intact from tumour invasion, they should be assumed to have tertiary (hypothalamic) hypothyroidism. Of particular interest is the fact that the patients with suprahypophyseal tumour surprisingly showed a supernormal TSH response to 50 μg of TRF.
PLASMA INSULIN AND GROWTH HORMONE IN DAIRY COWS; DIURNAL VARIATION AND RELATION TO FOOD INTAKE AND PLASMA SUGAR AND ACETOACETATE LEVELS
Authors: Hove Knut , Blom Anne Kristine 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Marked diurnal variations were found in plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin, acetoacetate (AcAc) and sugar in two herds (U and A) of dairy cows kept at two different levels of feeding. Seven animals from each herd were tested. The main diurnal variations were related to food intake, a significant increase in plasma insulin, and a significant decrease in plasma sugar being found. The acetoacetate level rose significantly during feeding in herd U (moderately underfed), while no significant increase was found in herd A (adequately fed). Plasma growth hormone was found to decrease (P < 0.01) only during feeding in herd U, while no change in the GH level could be detected in herd A. The mean level of GH in herd U was found to be twice the value found in herd A. There were no significant differences between the herds in plasma insulin and sugar.
Significant differences in plasma levels of GH, insulin and sugar were found between animals when analysed within the herds. Variations in the levels of insulin and acetoacetate were very small during the night. This is contrary to GH, which shows the least variation during food intake. The correlation coefficient between the plasma components was low, although in many cases significant.
SPECIFIC RADIOIMMUNOLOGICAL DETERMINATION WITHOUT CHROMATOGRAPHY OF PLASMA OESTRADIOL IN MALES
Authors: Doerr P. , Goebel R. , Kuss E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A hapten-radioimmunoassay of plasma oestradiol consisting of an extraction procedure and a final assay using a highly specific antiserum to oestradiol (obtained by immunization of rabbits with oestradiol-6-carboxymethoxime-BSA) was compaired with a similar procedure including a TLC step the specificity of which and other reliability criteria were already established. The plasma oestradiol from 24 normal adult males analysed by both methods showed a fairly close agreement (y = 0.97 x). Pooled normal male plasma analysed in the same way did not reveal any difference: 20.5 ± 0.34 vs. 20.5 ± 0.44 (x̄ ± sem reference method vs. method without TLC). The between-assay-precision of the method without TLC was 10.9% (C. V.), the mean blank 0.8 pg, the sensitivity in terms of 99 % confidence limit of the reagent blank 7.8 pg and the overall tracer recovery 73 %.