bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ileosigmoidal knotting: a case report and literature review of a rare cause of acute abdomen in children
Authors: Yadav Dipak K , Shah Sanjay K , Poudel Saurav , Parajuli Bivusha , Bhattarai Amit , Adhikari Dinesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ileosigmoidal knotting (ISK) is a rare, possibly fatal cause of intestinal obstruction. ISK is a compound volvulus that is more common in Africa and Asia. ISK is mostly seen in adults, pediatric cases reported in the literature are much rarer. In this report, we present the first reported case of ISK in a pediatric patient from Nepal. An 8-year-old male child presented with symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, and obstipation. The abdomen was distended with generalized tenderness. Erect abdominal X-ray showed multiple air-fluid levels. Intraoperatively, gangrenous ileum loops were entangled around the sigmoid, and resection of the gangrenous ileum and sigmoid was performed. An end-to-end colo-colic anastomosis from the descending colon to the remaining sigmoid with a double-loop ileostomy was performed. Pediatric ISK is a rare fatal form of intestinal obstruction that progresses quickly to gangrene. Clinical signs and symptoms are nonspecific, making preoperative diagnosis challenging.
Photography and the diasporic condition. A travel in the writer Sabyl Ghoussoub’s family photographs
Authors: Brones Sophie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
“The contributions in this series explore the migration experience using different kinds of ‘data.’ Our contributors use works of art, novels, songs, and movies to explore many of the same questions they generally ask in their social scientific research. What additional insights come from using arts and culture to think through the issues that concern us? What can images and notes reveal that scholarly work cannot? We also invite original stories, poems, photo essays or art works. Ideas for contributions are wholeheartedly invited at any time. Please contact Marie Godin or Peggy Levitt”.
To be, or not to be: Balmer breaks in high-z galaxies with JWST
Authors: Vikaeus Anton , Zackrisson Erik , Wilkins Stephen , Nabizadeh Armin , Kokorev Vasily , Abdurro’uf  , Bradley Larry D , Coe Dan , Dayal Pratika , Ricotti Massimo 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Standard models of structure formation allow us to predict the cosmic timescales relevant for the onset of star formation and the assembly history of galaxies at high redshifts (z &gt; 10). The strength of the Balmer break represents a well-known diagnostic of the age and star formation history of galaxies, which enables us to compare observations with contemporary simulations – thus shedding light on the predictive power of our current models of star formation in the early Universe. Here, we measure the Balmer break strength for 23 spectroscopically confirmed galaxies at redshifts 6 ≲ z ≲ 12 using public JWST NIRSpec data from the cycle 1 GO 1433 and GO 2282 programmes (PI Coe), as well as public spectroscopic data from the JWST Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). We find that the range of observed Balmer break strengths agree well with that of current simulations given our measurement uncertainties. No cases of anomalously strong Balmer breaks are detected, and therefore no severe departures from the predictions of contemporary models of star formation. However, there are indications of a number of outliers in the observed distribution which have weaker Balmer breaks than predicted by simulations.
Possible GeV gamma-ray emission from the pulsar wind nebula in CTA 1
Authors: Zhou Liancheng , Wu Keyao , Gong Yunlu , Fang Jun 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We report a detection of GeV γ-ray emission potentially originating from the pulsar wind nebula in CTA 1 by analysing about 15 yr of Fermi Large Area Telescope data. By selecting an energy range from 50 GeV to 1 TeV to remove contamination from the γ-ray pulsar PSR J0007+7303, we have discovered an extended γ-ray source with a test statistic value of ∼44.94 in the region of CTA 1. The obtained flux is measured to be 6.71 ± 2.60 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1 with a spectral index of 1.61 ± 0.36, which allows for a smooth connection with the flux in the TeV band. CTA 1 is also considered to be associated with 1LHAASO J0007+7303u, which is an ultra-high-energy source listed in the recently published catalogue of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory. We assume that the radiation originates from the pulsar wind nebula and that its multiwavelength spectral energy distribution can be explained well with a time-dependent one-zone model.
Effects of aflatoxin and fumonisin on gene expression of growth factors and inflammation-related genes in a human hepatocyte cell line
Authors: Wu Hang , Xu Ya , Gong Yun Yun , Huntriss John , Routledge Michael N 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are mycotoxins widely distributed in maize and maized-based products, often occurring together. The implications of co-exposure to aflatoxin and fumonsin for human health are numerous, but a particular concern is the potential of FB1 to modulate AFB1 hepatotoxicity. This study evaluated the toxicity of these mycotoxins, alone or combined, in a human non-tumorigenic liver cell line, HHL-16 cells, and assessed the effects of AFB1 and FB1 on expression of genes involved in immune and growth factor pathways. The results demonstrated that in HHL-16 cells, both AFB1 and FB1 had dose-dependent and time-dependent toxicity, and the combination of them showed a synergistic toxicity in the cells. Moreover, AFB1 caused upregulation of IL6, CCL20, and BMP2, and downregulation of NDP. In combination of AFB1 with FB1, gene expression levels of IL6 and BMP2 were significantly higher compared to individual FB1 treatment, and had a tendency to be higher than individual AFB1 treatment. This study shows that FB1 may increase the hepatoxicity of AFB1 through increasing the inflammatory response and disrupting cell growth pathways.
A gradient of the HD-Zip regulator Woolly regulates multicellular trichome morphogenesis in tomato
Authors: Wu MinLiang , Bian XinXin , Hu ShouRong , Huang BenBen , Shen JingYuan , Du YaDi , Wang YanLi , Xu MengYuan , Xu HuiMin , Yang MeiNa , Wu Shuang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Homeodomain (HD) proteins regulate embryogenesis in animals such as the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), often in a concentration-dependent manner. HD-leucine zipper (Zip) IV family genes are unique to plants and often function in the L1 epidermal cell layer. However, our understanding of the roles of HD-Zip IV family genes in plant morphogenesis is limited. In this study, we investigated the morphogenesis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) multicellular trichomes, a type of micro-organ in plants. We found that a gradient of the HD-Zip IV regulator Woolly (Wo) coordinates spatially polarized cell division and cell expansion in multicellular trichomes. Moreover, we identified a TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN BINDING FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor-encoding gene, SlBRANCHED2a (SlBRC2a), as a key downstream target of Wo that regulates the transition from cell division to cell expansion. High levels of Wo promote cell division in apical trichome cells, whereas in basal trichome cells, Wo mediates a negative feedback loop with SlBRC2a that forces basal cells to enter endoreduplication. The restricted high and low activities of Wo pattern the morphogenesis of tomato multicellular trichomes. These findings provide insights into the functions of HD-Zip IV genes during plant morphogenesis.
Where the Gavel Wields: The Jurisdictional Conundrum of Sedition in Hong Kong
Authors: Wan Trevor T W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The offence of sedition in Hong Kong, a colonial relic that has languished in a state of dormancy since the 1960s, has made an abrupt return to the city’s legal landscape following the enactment of the Hong Kong National Security Law. The confluence of these two regimes has engendered myriad nuanced legal intricacies that belie straightforward resolution, one of which occupies the focal point of this article: whether or not the District Court, an intermediate trial court with limited criminal jurisdiction, can hear sedition cases. This article engages this issue and contends that a coherent reading of the now multitude of legislative instruments constituting Hong Kong’s national security and criminal procedural regime yields a negative answer. Only the Court of First Instance, a superior court of record with unlimited criminal jurisdiction, is competent to hear sedition cases. In reaching this conclusion, this article engages with and diagnoses the errors in the diverse strands of reasoning put forward in the cases of HKSAR v Tam Tak Chi and HKSAR v Chan Tai Sum in defence of the District Court’s jurisdiction.
No Room to Fall: Criminal Justice Contact and Neighborhood Disadvantage
Authors: DeMarco Laura M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Neighborhoods across the United States are shaped by the criminal justice system and socioeconomic inequality. This article examines whether multiple forms of criminal justice contact affect neighborhood attainment for a cohort of young adults coming of age in the era of mass incarceration. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 cohort, and census data, I analyze neighborhood conditions before and after contact with the criminal justice system. Conviction is a critical experience in the life course. Having a household member incarcerated is associated with moving to a worse neighborhood only for White young adults. I contextualize these findings in the literature on the cumulative disadvantages faced by the justice-involved population and the complexities of identifying causal effects for this population. For many, incarceration represents a late stage of criminal justice contact, at which point there is no room to fall. Disentangling the web of disadvantage that follows criminal justice contact is crucial as the effects of the era of mass incarceration continue to accumulate. Locational attainment contextualized within the life course must be central to understanding how the legal system creates and reproduces disadvantage.
Comparative evolutionary analyses of peste des petits ruminants virus genetic lineages
Authors: Courcelle Maxime , Salami Habib , Tounkara Kadidia , Lo Modou Moustapha , Ba Aminata , Diop Mariame , Niang Mamadou , Sidibe Cheick Abou Kounta , Sery Amadou , Dakouo Marthin , Kaba Lanceï , Sidime Youssouf , Keyra Mohamed , Diallo Alpha Oumar Sily , El Mamy Ahmed Bezeid , El Arbi Ahmed Salem , Barry Yahya , Isselmou Ekaterina , Habiboullah Habiboullah , Doumbia Baba , Gueya Mohamed Baba , Awuni Joseph , Odoom Theophilus , Ababio Patrick Tetteh , TawiahYingar Daniel Nana Yaw , Coste Caroline , Guendouz Samia , Kwiatek Olivier , Libeau Geneviève , Bataille Arnaud 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes a highly infectious disease affecting mainly goats and sheep in large parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East and has an important impact on the global economy and food security. Full genome sequencing of PPRV strains has proved to be critical to increasing our understanding of PPR epidemiology and to inform the ongoing global efforts for its eradication. However, the number of full PPRV genomes published is still limited and with a heavy bias towards recent samples and genetic Lineage IV (LIV), which is only one of the four existing PPRV lineages. Here, we generated genome sequences for twenty-five recent (2010–6) and seven historical (1972–99) PPRV samples, focusing mainly on Lineage II (LII) in West Africa. This provided the first opportunity to compare the evolutionary pressures and history between the globally dominant PPRV genetic LIV and LII, which is endemic in West Africa. Phylogenomic analysis showed that the relationship between PPRV LII strains was complex and supported the extensive transboundary circulation of the virus within West Africa. In contrast, LIV sequences were clearly separated per region, with strains from West and Central Africa branched as a sister clade to all other LIV sequences, suggesting that this lineage also has an African origin. Estimates of the time to the most recent common ancestor place the divergence of modern LII and LIV strains in the 1960s–80s, suggesting that this period was particularly important for the diversification and spread of PPRV globally. Phylogenetic relationships among historical samples from LI, LII, and LIII and with more recent samples point towards a high genetic diversity for all these lineages in Africa until the 1970s–80s and possible bottleneck events shaping PPRV’s evolution during this period. Molecular evolution analyses show that strains belonging to LII and LIV have evolved under different selection pressures. Differences in codon usage and adaptative selection pressures were observed in all viral genes between the two lineages. Our results confirm that comparative genomic analyses can provide new insights into PPRV’s evolutionary history and molecular epidemiology. However, PPRV genome sequencing efforts must be ramped up to increase the resolution of such studies for their use in the development of efficient PPR control and surveillance strategies.
Identification of an SCF Ubiquitin Ligase Complex that Contributes to Resistance Against Valsa Canker in Apple
Authors: Han Pengliang , Zhang Ruotong , Li Rui , Li Fudong , Huang Lili 
Published: March 2024

E3 ubiquitin ligases play a critical role in plant disease resistance. Among them, the Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex is the largest family and regulates the ubiquitination of a wide range of proteins. Apple Valsa canker (AVC) is a fungal disease of apple trees caused by the fungus Valsa mali, which can lead to significant economic losses. However, the function of the SCF complex in apple resistance to this disease is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex that can enhance resistance to Valsa canker in apple. Disease evaluation experiments demonstrated that MdSkp1 increased apple resistance to AVC. Furthermore, MdSkp1 interacted with an F-box protein, MdSKIP14, and interacted with a cullin-1 protein, MdCUL1, to form an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. Additionally, we revealed both MdSKIP14 and MdCUL1 as positive regulators of AVC resistance. In conclusion, our results identified an SCF complex capable of contributing to apple resistance against AVC, providing a theoretical basis for apple disease resistance and the sustainable development of the industry. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Repurposing of rituximab biosimilars to treat B cell mediated autoimmune diseases
Authors: Mostkowska Agata , Rousseau Guy , Raynal Noël J‐M 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRituximab, the first monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of lymphoma, eventually became one of the most popular and versatile drugs ever in terms of clinical application and revenue. Since its patent expiration, and consequently, the loss of exclusivity of the original biologic, its repurposing as an off‐label drug has increased dramatically, propelled by the development and commercialization of its many biosimilars. Currently, rituximab is prescribed worldwide to treat a vast range of autoimmune diseases mediated by B cells. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of rituximab repurposing in 115 autoimmune diseases across 17 medical specialties, sourced from over 1530 publications. Our work highlights the extent of its off‐label use and clinical benefits, underlining the success of rituximab repurposing for both common and orphan immune‐related diseases. We discuss the scientific mechanism associated with its clinical efficacy and provide additional indications for which rituximab could be investigated. Our study presents rituximab as a flagship example of drug repurposing owing to its central role in targeting cluster of differentiate 20 positive (CD20) B cells in 115 autoimmune diseases.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information Systems Physical Function and Pain Interference Scores Are Correlated With Tibial Shaft Fracture Nonunion Following Intramedullary Nailing
Authors: Dong Willie , Thorne Tyler , Da Silva Zarek , Dauk Morgan , Marchand Lucas , Rothberg David , Higgins Thomas , Haller Justin 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To assess trends in Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS) Physical Function (PF) and Pain Interference (PI) in surgically treated tibial shaft fracture patients progressing to union versus nonunion.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients with operatively treated tibial shaft fractures (AO/OTA 42-A, B, C) using an intramedullary nail.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
PROMIS PF and PI were compared between patients progressing to union and patients requiring nonunion repair.

RESULTS:
A total of 234 patients (196 union, 38 nonunion) were included consisting 144 men and 90 women. The mean age of included patients was 40.8 years. A significant difference in mean PROMIS PF between union and nonunion patients was observed at 1–3 months (P = 0.005), 3–6 months (P < 0.001), 6–9 months (P = 0.003), and 6–12 months (P = 0.018). The odds of developing nonunion for every unit decrease in PROMIS PF was significant at 3–6 months (OR 1.07, P = 0.028) and 6–9 months (OR 1.17, P = 0.015). A significant difference in mean PROMIS PI between union and nonunion patients was observed at 1–3 months (P = 0.001), 3–6 months (P = 0.005), and 6–9 months (P = 0.005). The odds of developing nonunion for every unit increase in PROMIS PI was significant at 1–3 months (OR 1.11, P = 0.005), 3–6 months (OR 1.10, P = 0.011), and 6–9 months (OR 1.23, P = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS:
Poorly trending PROMIS PF and PI in the clinical setting is a factor that can be used to evaluate progression to nonunion following tibial shaft repair where imaging studies may lag behind.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Racial Differences in Accuracy of Predictive Models for High-Flow Nasal Cannula Failure in COVID-19
Authors: Yang Philip , Gregory Ismail A. , Robichaux Chad , Holder Andre L. , Martin Greg S. , Esper Annette M. , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan , Gichoya Judy W. , Bhavani Sivasubramanium V. 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To develop and validate machine learning (ML) models to predict high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) failure in COVID-19, compare their performance to the respiratory rate-oxygenation (ROX) index, and evaluate model accuracy by self-reported race.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Four Emory University Hospitals in Atlanta, GA.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between March 2020 and April 2022 who received HFNC therapy within 24 hours of ICU admission were included.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Four types of supervised ML models were developed for predicting HFNC failure (defined as intubation or death within 7 d of HFNC initiation), using routine clinical variables from the first 24 hours of ICU admission. Models were trained on the first 60% (n = 594) of admissions and validated on the latter 40% (n = 390) of admissions to simulate prospective implementation. Among 984 patients included, 317 patients (32.2%) developed HFNC failure. eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) model had the highest area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUROC) for predicting HFNC failure (0.707), and was the only model with significantly better performance than the ROX index (AUROC 0.616). XGB model had significantly worse performance in Black patients compared with White patients (AUROC 0.663 vs. 0.808, p = 0.02). Racial differences in the XGB model were reduced and no longer statistically significant when restricted to patients with nonmissing arterial blood gas data, and when XGB model was developed to predict mortality (rather than the composite outcome of failure, which could be influenced by biased clinical decisions for intubation).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our XGB model had better discrimination for predicting HFNC failure in COVID-19 than the ROX index, but had racial differences in accuracy of predictions. Further studies are needed to understand and mitigate potential sources of biases in clinical ML models and to improve their equitability.
Comparative Analysis of Tomographic Indicators Forecasting Decompensation in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Passaro Maria Laura , Airaldi Matteo , Ancona Chiara , Cucco Rosangela , Costagliola Ciro , Semeraro Francesco , Romano Vito 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To compare the performance of 3 commercially available tomographers (the Pentacam Scheimpflug camera, the swept-source optical coherence tomography Casia, and the blue light slit-scanning tomographer Precisio) in the identification of patterns associated with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) decompensation.

Methods:
This was a clinic-based cross-sectional imaging study. Pachymetry maps and posterior surface elevation maps were acquired with the 3 devices from 61 eyes affected by FECD. The maps were graded according to the evidence of tomographic patterns predictive of FECD decompensation (loss of parallel isopachs, displacement of the thinnest point, and focal posterior depression) by 2 blind cornea specialists.

Results:
The loss of parallel isopachs was significantly less frequently evident in Pentacam pachymetry maps [8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) (3%, 18%)] compared with both the Casia [31%, 95% CI (20%, 44%), P = 0.01] and Precisio devices [24%, 95% CI (15%, 37%), P = 0.05]. The displacement of the thinnest point was graded as most evident in a significantly higher proportion of Precisio pachymetry maps [43%, 95% CI (31%, 55%)] compared with both the Pentacam [13%, 95% CI (6%, 24%), P = 0.001] and Casia devices [21%, 95% CI (12%, 33%), P = 0.03]. There were no significant differences in the identification of focal posterior depression on posterior elevation maps across the 3 devices.

Conclusions:
Identification of patterns predictive of FECD prognosis on pachymetry and posterior elevation maps is possible with different devices. However, their evidence varies across tomographers, and the results from different devices are not interchangeable.