bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of peak asymmetry and isotherm nonlinearity in micellar electrokinetic chromatography: Variation of peak shape with buffer concentration
Authors: Williamson Yuping , Davis Joe M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe diffuse fronts and sharp rears of peaks of nitrobenzene (nbz) solubilized at high concentrations in 50 mM SDS and 2.5, 25, and 50 mM sodium tetraborate buffers were modeled in MEKC by measurements of, and fits to, concave upward isotherms, and by numerical solution of the continuity equation. The isotherms varied with buffer concentration, with the smallest limiting slope and largest curvature found for the 50 mM tetraborate buffer. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller isotherm described the peak profiles in all buffers, with symmetrical peaks observed at sub‐ and low‐mM levels of nbz, anti‐Langmuirian peaks observed at 10–20 mM levels, and aquiline peaks resembling curved noses observed at 20–30 mM levels. The variation of the partition coefficient with nbz and buffer concentrations was shown to result from nonideal thermodynamics. High‐buffer concentrations salt out nbz from the mobile phase, as quantified by a mobile‐phase activity coefficient related to the Setchenov constant of nbz in sodium tetraborate. The activity coefficient of nbz in SDS micelles was shown to resemble that measured by other researchers for benzene in micelles of sodium octyl sulfate, i.e. it decreases with increasing solute concentration and increases with electrolyte concentration. Many examples from the literature are discussed, in which the variation of the intramicellar activity coefficient with solute mole fraction is consistent with peaks having diffuse fronts and sharp rears.
The piscine micronucleus test to assess the impact of pollution on the Japaratuba river in Brazil
Authors: de Moraes Pantaleão Silmara , Alcântara Ayda Vera , Alves José do Patrocínio Hora , Spanó Mário Antônio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn situ investigations of the effects of mutagenic pollutants (environmental monitoring) have increasingly used bioindicators, and fish often have been used in these studies as sentinel organisms. In the present study, we have used the piscine micronucleus test (MNT) as an in situ biological indicator of chemical contamination in two fresh water fish species (Astyanax bimaculatus and Hoplias malabaricus). The fish were collected from two sites (Sites 1 and 2) in the Japaratuba River (Sergipe, Brazil), in an area impacted by a petrochemical industrial complex which indirectly contributes treated effluent (produced water) to the river. Responses in fish from these sites were compared to fish from a clean reference site (Jacarecica River ‐ Sergipe, Brazil). The results indicated an enhanced frequency of micronuclei (MN) in peripheral red blood cells of A. bimaculatus collected at Sites 1 and 2 when compared to their respective negative control (A. bimaculatus collected from the Jacarecica River). H. malabaricus collected at Sites 1 and 2 did not have a significant increase in MN. The results of this study indicate that the piscine MNT is a useful in vivo technique for the detection of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment and that the assay shows potential for in situ monitoring of water quality. Nevertheless, the results also demonstrated differential sensitivity of A. bimaculatus and H. malabaricus to the induction of MN. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and risk factors for primary hyperparathyroidism in hyperthyroid patients
Authors: Abboud Bassam , Sleilaty Ghassan , Mansour Eid , El Ghoul Rawad , Tohme Cyril , Noun Roger , Sarkis Riad 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground.Coexistence of hyperthyroidism and primary hyperparathyroidism may be more prevalent than previously recognized. We report 13 cases of concomitant occurrence of both diseases to estimate their combined prevalence and its factors.Methods.Ninety‐six unselected patients admitted for elective hyperthyroidism surgery were retrospectively included. Eighty‐three patients were initially seen for hyperthyroidism with normocalcemia (group 1), and 13 patients were initially seen for hyperthyroidism with associated primary hyperparathyroidism (group 2). Patients' characteristics, examinations, and pathology reports were reviewed. Risk factors were identified using a logistic regression model.Results.The prevalence of concomitant hyperparathyroidism was 13.5%. No patients manifested hypercalcemia in the absence of organic parathyroid disease. Eleven patients had a parathyroid adenoma, and two patients had parathyroid hyperplasia. Group 2 patients were older (median 61 vs 43 years, p = .006). Thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels were more depressed in group 2 (median 0.01 vs 0.032 UI/L, p = .034). On multivariate analysis, age was the unique factor significantly different between groups (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.008–1.098; p = .020).Conclusions.Hypercalcemia in patients with hyperthyroidism, particularly older patients, should warrant a thorough investigation for concomitant primary hyperparathyroidism that would dictate a combined thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: 420–426, 2006
Superficial ulnar artery: Curse or blessing in harvesting fasciocutaneous forearm flaps
Authors: Sieg Peter , Jacobsen Hans‐Christian , Hakim Samer G. , Hermes Dirk 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground.Superficial ulnar artery is a well‐known vascular anomaly that may cause special risks because of possible impairment of the vessel by mistake during harvesting fasciocutaneous forearm flaps.Methods.The charts of patients who had undergone forearm flap transfer were reviewed for vascular anomalies. When a superficial ulnar artery was present, a superficial ulnar artery flap was raised and arteriography was performed postoperatively to figure out the vascular pattern in the contralateral arm.Results.Four superficial ulnar arteries were found during dissection of ulnar forearm flaps (n = 107). We were unable to identify any superficial ulnar artery when preparing the radial pendant (n = 27), and we did not notice any impairment of such an artery. The four superficial ulnar artery flaps healed uneventfully. Postoperative arteriography revealed a bilateral vascular anomaly in one of the four cases.Conclusion.The superficial ulnar artery is a calculable anatomic variation as long as its possible presence is considered during flap harvesting. In these cases, the use of the superficial ulnar artery flap was found to be an easy and safe alternative. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: 447–452, 2006
Growth inhibition of orthotopic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma xenografts in nude mice by PTK787/ZK222584 and CPT‐11
Authors: Kim Seungwon , Yazici Yasemin D. , Barber Samantha E. , Jasser Samar A. , Mandal Mahitosh , Bekele B. Nebiyou , Myers Jeffrey N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground.A preclinical evaluation of CPT‐1 (Camptosar, irinotecan) and PTK787/ZK222584, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR‐2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as therapeutic agents against anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) was performed in vitro and in an orthotopic model of ATC in nude mice.Methods.The cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of CPT‐11 on ATC cell lines were evaluated. The antitumor effects of CPT‐11 in combination with PTK787/ZK222584 on orthotopic ATC xenografts in nude mice were also studied.Results.CPT‐11 demonstrated significant antiproliferative effects on ATC cell lines. In vivo, PTK787/ZK222584, CPT‐11, and the two agents together produced 61%, 82%, and 89% decrease in tumor growth, respectively. The differences in tumor volume between CPT‐11 and CPT‐11 + PTK787/ZK222584 groups were not statistically significant. PTK787/ZK222584 inhibited the phosphorylation of VEGFR‐2 on tumor endothelium and decrease the tumor microvessel density.Conclusions.The camptothecin class of chemotherapeutic agents and antiangiogenic agents such as PTK787/ZK222584 warrant further study as novel therapeutic agents against ATC. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: 389–399, 2006
Emodin inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor‐A‐induced angiogenesis by blocking receptor‐2 (KDR/Flk‐1) phosphorylation
Authors: Kwak Hee‐Jin , Park Myung‐Jin , Park Chang‐Min , Moon Sang‐Ik , Yoo Doo‐Hyun , Lee Hyung‐Chahn , Lee Seung‐Hoon , Kim Mi‐Suk , Lee Hyean‐Woo , Shin Woon‐Seob , Park In‐Chul , Rhee Chang Hun , Hong Seok‐Il 
Published: December 2005

AbstractEmodin (1,3,8‐trihydroxy‐6‐methylanthraquinone), an active component in the root and rhizome of Rheum palmatum, is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with a number of biological activities, including antitumor effects. Here, we examine the effects of emodin on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A‐induced angiogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, emodin dose‐dependently inhibits proliferation, migration into the denuded area, invasion through a layer of Matrigel and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with VEGF‐A. Emodin also inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor‐induced proliferation and migration of HUVECs and VEGF‐A‐induced tube formation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Specifically, emodin induces the cell cycle arrest of HUVECs in the G0/G1 phase by suppressing cyclin D1 and E expression and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, and suppresses Matrigel invasion by inhibiting the basal secretion of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and VEGF‐A‐stimulated urokinase plasminogen activator receptor expression. Additionally, emodin effectively inhibits phosphorylation of VEGF‐A receptor‐2 (KDR/Flk‐1) and downstream effector molecules, including focal adhesion kinase, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. In vivo, emodin strongly suppresses neovessel formation in the chorioallantoic membrane of chick and VEGF‐A‐induced angiogenesis of the Matrigel plug in mice. Our data collectively demonstrate that emodin effectively inhibits VEGF‐A‐induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of phosphorylation of KDR/Flk‐1 and downstream effector molecules is a possible underlying mechanism of the anti‐angiogenic activity of emodin. Based on these data, we propose that an interaction of emodin with KDR/Flk‐1 may be involved in the inhibitory function of emodin toward VEGF‐A‐induced angiogenesis in vitro and responsible for its potent anti‐angiogenic in vivo. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunotherapy with dendritic cells and CpG oligonucleotides can be combined with chemotherapy without loss of efficacy in a mouse model of colon cancer
Authors: Bourquin Carole , Schreiber Susanne , Beck Sebastian , Hartmann Gunther , Endres Stefan 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAlthough immunotherapy has shown promising results in the treatment of cancer, clinical studies assessing immunologic approaches in patients with advanced cancer will seldom be conducted in the absence of conventional treatment strategies such as chemotherapy. Here we investigate the combination of chemotherapy with CpG oligonucleotide and dendritic cell‐based immunotherapy in the C26 mouse model of colon carcinoma. The coinjection of antigen‐pulsed, mature dendritic cells and CpG oligonucleotides together with a peritumoral injection of CpG oligonucleotides elicits a CD8 T‐cell response resulting in tumor rejection and long‐term protection in the C26 model. Tumor‐bearing mice were treated weekly for 4 weeks by this immunotherapy protocol, by 5‐fluorouracil plus leucovorin or irinotecan, or by the combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. We observed that immunotherapy was more effective in reducing tumor growth and increasing survival than 5‐fluorouracil or irinotecan. Immunotherapy was well tolerated, whereas therapeutic doses of 5‐fluorouracil or irinotecan were associated with dose‐limiting toxicity. Furthermore, the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with either 5‐fluorouracil or irinotecan was similar to that of immunotherapy alone. Addition of immunotherapy to either 5‐fluorouracil or irinotecan treatment strongly decreased the toxicity of chemotherapy. Immunotherapy both with and without chemotherapy generated a memory immune response, leading to tumor rejection in mice rechallenged with C26 tumor cells up to several months after treatment. In summary, immunotherapy with a combination of dendritic cells and CpG oligonucleotides is superior to chemotherapy in the C26 tumor model. This immunotherapy protocol can be combined with current chemotherapy agents with no loss in therapeutic activity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On partitions of the q‐ary Hamming space into few spheres
Authors: Klein Andreas , Wessler Markus 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we present a generalization of a result due to Hollmann, Körner, and Litsyn [9]. They prove that each partition of the n‐dimensional binary Hamming space into spheres consists of either one or two or at least n + 2 spheres. We prove a q‐ary version of that gap theorem and consider the problem of the next gaps. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 14: 183–201, 2006
The existence spectrum of golf designs
Authors: Chang Yanxun 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this note, a golf design of order 41 is constructed. Combined Colbourn and Nonay's result, the existence spectrum of golf design of order υ is the set {υ: υ≡1 (mod 2), υ ≥ 3, υ ≠ 5}. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 15: 84–89, 2007
The relative contribution of posttraumatic and acculturative stress to subjective mental health among Bosnian refugees
Authors: Knipscheer Jeroen W. , Kleber Rolf J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe relationship between posttraumatic stress reactions, cultural adaptation, and mental health symptoms is still poorly understood. This empirical study examined the relative contribution of both posttraumatic reactions and acculturation rates to subjective mental health in 2 groups of Bosnian refugees, a clinical group (N = 34) and a nonclinical community group (N = 44). As hypothesized, posttraumatic reactions were highly predictive of mental health state in both groups. In addition, two specific acculturation aspects, cultural affiliation and the obtaining of instrumental skills, were significantly related to mental health symptoms. The implications of these findings for mental health professionals working with refugees and other traumatized populations are considered. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 339–353, 2006.
Matchings in hypergraphs of large minimum degree
Authors: Kühn Daniela , Osthus Deryk 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIt is well known that every bipartite graph with vertex classes of size n whose minimum degree is at least n/2 contains a perfect matching. We prove an analog of this result for hypergraphs. We also prove several related results that guarantee the existence of almost perfect matchings in r‐uniform hypergraphs of large minimum degree. Our bounds on the minimum degree are essentially best possible. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 51: 269–280, 2006
Numbers of edges in supermagic graphs
Authors: Drajnová Svetlana , Ivančo Jaroslav , Semaničová Andrea 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA graph is called supermagic if it admits a labelling of the edges by pairwise different consecutive integers such that the sum of the labels of the edges incident with a vertex is independent of the particular vertex. In the paper we establish some bounds for the number of edges in supermagic graphs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 52: 15–26, 2006
Kinetic study of site directed and randomly immobilized his‐tag alkaline phosphatase by flow injection chemiluminescence
Authors: Zhang Juankun , Cass Anthony E. G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe immobilized his‐tag alkaline phosphatase (ALP) randomly and with the desirable orientation (site directed) to compare the effects of the enzyme activity on the beads. The chemiluminescence was employed to increase the sensitivity of enzyme labelled assays. Flow injection was also carried out for the detection of chemical and biological molecules in flow solutions. The Vmax of randomly immobilized his‐tag ALP was 1.2 and the Vmax of site directed immobilized his‐tag ALP was 1.5. In other words, the activity of site directed immobilized his‐tag ALP was about 1.3‐folds increased. The detection limit was detected to be 6×10−6 M for the flow injection system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adult‐onset deficiency in growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor‐I decreases survival of dentate granule neurons: Insights into the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: Lichtenwalner Robin J. , Forbes M. Elizabeth , Sonntag William E. , Riddle David R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), long thought to provide critical trophic support during development, also has emerged as a candidate for regulating ongoing neuronal production in adulthood. Whether and how IGF‐I influences each phase of neurogenesis, however, remains unclear. In the current study, we used a selective model of growth hormone (GH) and plasma IGF‐I deficiency to evaluate the role of GH and IGF‐I in regulating cell proliferation, survival, and neuronal differentiation in the adult dentate gyrus. GH/IGF‐I‐deficient dwarf rats of the Lewis strain were made GH/IGF‐I replete throughout development via twice daily injections of GH, and then GH/IGF‐I deficiency was initiated in adulthood by removing animals from GH treatment. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling revealed no effect of GH/IGF‐I deficiency on cell proliferation, but adult‐onset depletion of GH and plasma IGF‐I significantly reduced the survival of newly generated cells in the dentate gyrus. Colabeling for BrdU and markers of immature and mature neurons revealed a selective effect of GH/IGF‐I deficiency on the survival of more mature new neurons. The number of BrdU‐labeled cells expressing the immature neuronal marker TUC‐4 did not differ between GH/IGF‐I‐deficient and ‐replete animals, but the number expressing only the marker of maturity NeuN was lower in depleted animals. Taken together, results from the present study suggest that, under conditions of short‐term GH/IGF‐I deficiency during adulthood, dentate granule cells continue to be produced, to commit to a neuronal fate, and to begin the process of neuronal maturation, whereas survival of the new neurons is impaired. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cadmium‐induced astroglial death proceeds via glutathione depletion
Authors: Im Joo‐Young , Paik Sang‐Gi , Han Pyung‐Lim 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCadmium is a heavy metal that accumulates in the body, and its accumulation in the brain damages both neurons and glial cells. In the current study, we explored the mechanism underlying cadmium toxicity in primary cortical astroglia cultures. Chronic treatment with 10 μM cadmium was sufficient to cause 90% cell death in 18 hr. However, unlike that observed in neurons, cadmium‐induced astroglial toxicity was not attenuated by the antioxidants trolox (100 μM), caffeic acid (1 mM), and vitamin C (1 mM). In contrast, extracellular 100 μM glutathione (GSH; γ‐Glu‐Cys‐Gly) or 100 μM cysteine almost completely blocked cadmium‐induced astroglial death, whereas 300 μM oxidized GSH (GSSG) or 300 μM cystine, which do not have the free thiol group, were ineffective. In addition, cadmium toxicity was noticeably inhibited or enhanced when intracellular GSH was, respectively, increased by using the cell‐permeable glutathione ethyl ester (GSH‐EE) or depleted by using buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase. In agreement with these data, intracellular GSH levels were found to be depressed in cadmium‐treated astrocytes. These results suggest that the toxic effect of cadmium on primary astroglial cells involves GSH depletion and, furthermore, that GSH administration can potentially be used to counteract cadmium‐induced astroglial cell death therapeutically. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Minocycline attenuates white matter damage in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Cho Kyung‐Ok , La Hyen O. , Cho Young‐Jin , Sung Ki‐Wug , Kim Seong Y. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWhite matter lesions are thought to result from chronic cerebral ischemia and constitute a core pathology of subcortical vascular dementia. This rarefaction has been known to be associated with microglial activation. We investigated whether minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, attenuates the white matter damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion that is used as a model of vascular dementia. Male Wistar rats were subjected to bilateral, permanent occlusion of the common carotid arteries (BCCAO) to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Minocycline or saline was injected daily for 2 weeks after BCCAO. In the corpus callosum and the optic tract, white matter damage observed with Klüver‐Barrera staining was significantly attenuated in the minocycline‐treated group compared to saline‐treated controls. In control rats, immunoreactivities of major basic protein (MBP), Ox‐42 as a microglial marker, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 were increased in the corpus callosum. Minocycline significantly reduced these changes. Co‐expression of Ox‐42 and MMP‐2 was confirmed by double immunofluorescence histochemistry. Our results suggest that chronic treatment with minocycline could be protective against at least some ischemic white matter damage, and its mechanism may be related to suppressing microglial activation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein glutathionylation in human central nervous system: Potential role in redox regulation of neuronal defense against free radicals
Authors: Sparaco Marco , Gaeta Laura Maria , Tozzi Giulia , Bertini Enrico , Pastore Anna , Simonati Alessandro , Santorelli Filippo Maria , Piemonte Fiorella 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNeuronal defense against free radicals is mediated primarily by the glutathione system. A cerebral defect of this system gives rise to the oxidative stress occurring in some neurological diseases. Glutathione provides a means of regulating protein function by glutathionylation, consisting of the formation of mixed disulfides between cysteines and glutathione. The glutathionylation of proteins, during both constitutive metabolism and oxidative stress, represents for the cell a mechanism to link physiological processes, and/or adaptive stress responses, to changes in intracellular redox states. In this study, we analyzed the topographic distribution of the protein glutathionylation normally occurring in human central nervous system. Constitutively glutathionylated proteins appeared uniformly distributed throughout all cortical layers of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex as well as throughout the gray matter of the spinal cord. The degree of immunocytochemical staining was clear in neurons, mild in oligodendrocytes, and weaker in astrocytes. The proteins preferentially glutathionylated were cytoskeletal proteins. Our results suggest a potential role of glutathionylation in the redox regulation of neuronal survival and in the control of axon/dendrite stability. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.