bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Inheritance of Resistance to Septoria Glume Blotch II. The Wild Wheat Species Aegilops speltoides
Authors: Ecker R. , Cahaner A. , Dinoor A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of resistance in the wild wheat species Ae. speltoides L. to Septoria glume blotch (Septoria nodorum Berk.) was investigated. It was characterized by two parameters measured on detached leaves, namely lesion size (LS) and length of latent period (LP), and by the severity of the disease under field conditions (DS). The genetic analysis was based on the F1 and F2 generations of a 4 × 4 diallel cross between four Ae. speltoides accessions showing differential resistance to the pathogen. The three parameters of resistance were highly correlated. Considerable heterosis for resistance was found for each of the parameters in most of the diallel combinations. The estimates of broad‐sense heritability were moderately high (0.50 — LS, 0.60 — LP, 0.52 — DS), while the estimates of narrow‐sense heritability were low (0.16 for LS, 0.20 for LP, 0.25 for DS). There were no indications for genie interaction. It is suggested that the resistance is controlled by at least two genes with over‐dominance of the alleles for higher resistance. Highly resistant Ae. speltoides accessions are a potential source of germplasm for improving the resistance of cultivated wheats to Septoria glume blotch. The possibility of using dominant alleles for resistance in hybrid cultivars is discussed.
Production of Eruca‐Brassica Hybrids by Embryo Rescue
Authors: Agnihotri Abha , Gupta Vibha , Lakshmikumaran Malathi S. , Shivanna K. R. , Prakash Shyam , Jagannathan V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAllied species of crop Brassicas have potential value as donors of useful nuclear/organelle genomes. Eruca sativa, a member of subtribe Brassicineae, is resistant to white rust and well adapted to drought. Attempts to hybridize it with Brassica campestris by conventional methods were unsuccessful. However, hybrids were obtained by embryo rescue and the hybrid embryos were found to produce numerous secondary embryos in upto 7 to 8 subcultures. Plantlets developed from them exhibited morphological characteristics of both parents. The chromosome number of 2n = 42 showed that they were amphidiploids. The plants were allotctraploids (2n = 42) and showed 21 bivalents at M1 of meiosis. Hybridization of total DNA of the hybrids with two probes, a B. campestris tandem repeat DNA and 18s ribosomal DNA of wheat showed that it was derived from the genome of both parents. The hybrids are self‐fertile and show the same high fertility even in A3 generation. They were selfed or crossed with B. juncea, B. campestris and B. nigra to screen for useful agronomical traits. Six more embryos of E. saliva × B. campestris have been obtained and their growth is being studied. Preliminary small scale field trials indicate that the selfed hybrid is comparable in yield with a high yielding commercial variety of B. juncea.
Transformation of Diploid and Tetraploid Potato Clones with the rol C Gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Characterization of Transgenic Plants
Authors: Fladung M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDiploid and tetraploid potato clones were transformed with the rol C gene from Agrobacterium rhizogenes under the control of the cauliflower‐35‐S promoter. Parameters proper to the sink and source attributes and hormone treatments have been considered to study the effect of the gene on yield physiology of the potato plant. The expression of the rol C gene in diploid and tetraploid potato lines induced drastic developmental abnormalities like dwarfism and increased tillering. Hormonal treatments revealed a different behavior of rol C transformams and controls. This supports the conclusion that the gene product of the ml C gene interacts with the hormonal status of the plant. Grafting experiments showed the non‐ditfusable nature of rol C gene product. Tuberization was studied in‐vitro and in‐planta. Relevant differences in tuber shape and eye number were noted between rol C transfonnams and controls. Tuber yields in‐planta in greenhouse or in growth chamber resulted higher in the controls; a significant increased number of tubers per plant was found, however, in both diploid and tetraploid rol C transformants. The effect of the rol C gene was apparently too drastic for diploid and tetraploid potatoes; weaker and tissue specific promoters may be necessary to induce only those modifications which are wanted for this crop. The experiments nevertheless proved that one single gene was capable in potato to affect substantially the manifestation of vieldmg attributes.
Linkage of Rust Resistance Genes from Wild Barley (Hordeum spontaneum) with Isozyme Markers
Authors: Feuerstein U. , Brown A. H. D. , Burdon J. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEighty‐three third backcross lines which comprise a set of near isogenic lines (NIL's) of the barley cultivar ‘Clipper’ but each carrying a different chromosomal segment from Hordeum spontaneum, marked with a distinct isozyme, were tested for resistance to three races of the barley leaf rust pathogen (Puccmia hordei). Fourteen lines showed resistance to at least one race and three showed resistance to all three races. The resistance in two of these lines was controlled by separate, single partially dominant genes. In one case the resistance gene named Rph1O was on chromosome 3 and linked (r = 0.15 ±0.05) with the isozyme locus Est2. In the second case, the gene (Rph11) was on barley chromosome 6 and linked (r = 0.07±0.02) with the isozyme locus Acp3 and (r = 0.11±0.02) with Dip2.
Genetic Improvements in the Structure of Oat Stands in Northern Growing Conditions during this Century
Authors: Peltonen‐Sainio Piujo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe changes of morphological properties of 13 Finnish oat varieties released between 1921 and 1988 and 13 Hankkija's breeding lines were evaluated in field trials. Twenty‐two characteristics of oat stands were measured. The relationship between years of cultivar release and characteristics of oats was studied by using the linear regression analyses and Spearman's rank correlation analyses.In both years of experiment there was a significant positive linear relationship between year of cultivar release and size and weight of the flag leaf, and mean panicle filling rate. The correlation was significant, but negative between year of release of cultivar and plant height. Also other relationships arc discussed.
Effect of Mutagenic Treatments on Somaclonal Variation in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Cheng X. Y. , Gao M. W. , Liang Z. Q. , Liu K. Z. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDifferent wheat genotypes were treated with gamma‐rays, sodium azide (SA) and EMS before tissue culture and immature embryos from M1 plants or plants shortly after exposure to gamma‐rays were used to initiate callus culture. Thousands of plants were regenerated and used to investigate the effect of mutagenic treatments on the regenerated plants and somaclonal variation in the M3R2 and M2R2 generations. The results showed that mutagen‐induced damage in terms of reduction in plant height, fertility and spike length were not outstanding in the regenerated plants as compared with the untreated control. In the M3R2 generation, only SA treatment had significantly higher frequencies of somaclonal variations than the control. Increases in the variation frequencies were observed when explant embryos were irradiated with 2.5 and 5 gy gamma‐rays and the highest frequency appeared when embryos were exposed to 5 gy gamma‐rays on the 5th day after anthesis. Increased variation spectra also resulted from mutagenic treatments and most of the variants recovered were unsuitable for plant improvement.
An Improved Assessment Procedure for Breeding for Resistance to Septoria nodorum in Wheat
Authors: Walther H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA yield‐based assessment procedure for breeding for resistance to Septoria nodorum (SN) is presented. Artificially infected as well as fungicide‐protected plots were analyzed for each genotype. Considerable increase in precision of disease scores was gained by using an assessment matrix for different plant organs and time intervals during disease development. This technique resulted in yield loss: disease attack correlations up to r = 0.85:** and raised coefficients of heritability (h2b= broad sense heritability) with h2b= 0.72 for % yield loss and h2b= 0.86 for SN‐attack, calculated for a 3‐year replicated field experiment with 105 winter wheat cultivars.
Generation Mean Analysis of Inheritance of Resistance to Pyrenophora teres in Barley
Authors: Cherif M. , Harrabi M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractF1, F2, Fl × parentl (BC1), and Fl × parent2 (BC2) generations resulting from four crosses among seven cultivars of barley used in national and international breeding programmes were tested at the seedling stage for their resistance to a mixture of five isolates of Pyrenophora teres. Four methods were used to assess disease resistance: infection type (IT), average lesion size (ALS), number of lesions per unit leaf area (NL) and percent leaf area infected (PLAI). Gene actions were estimated by generation mean analysis on each of the four crosses and on each of the evaluation methods. Significant additive and additive × additive epistatic effects were found. Infection type and percent leaf area infected were found to be highly correlated in all four crosses. These results suggest that barley breeders could improve the level of resistance to P. teres by making appropriate crosses between highly susceptible barley cultivars.
Isoenzymes and their Importance for Breeding Autopolyploids
Authors: Skiebe K. , Seliger Petra 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIsoenzyme analyses have been carried out in polyploid rye. Taking into consideration zymograms at the diploid level, conclusions can be drawn concerning the genetics of band positions and band intensity. This is rather clear with the aspartate aminotransferase and the NAD‐specific aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase. For both isoenzymes one gene locus with two alleles is responsible in the zones analyzed. In both cases a superdominance is assumed. Thereby nulliplex‐, simplex‐, duplex‐, triplex‐ and quadru‐plex types can be distinguished. For the banding pattern with the leucine aminopeptidase two gene loci with two alleles each are responsible. With allelic interaction codominance is supposed. On this base it is possible to differentiate between homozygosity and heterozygosity. Difficulties in autopolyploid breeding can be overcome by means of genetically‐analyzed isoenzymes as markers. This is demonstrated by examples.
Genetic Variation for Seed Yield in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Authors: Elgersma A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn perennial ryegrass seed yield is low and unreliable and little is known about the seed‐yielding capacity of different cultivars. Therefore, genetic variation for seed yield was studied for therefore, genetic variation for seed yield was studied for three years at two locations. Twelve trials consisting of drilled plots of nine diploid, late‐flowering cultivars in four replications were harvested for seed. Significant gentic differences for seed yield and seed weight weight were detected. The ranking of the cultivars for seed yield differed from that for seed weight. The levels of seed yield and seed weight were affected by such environmental factors as year, soil type and crop production year, but interactions of these factors with cultivars were generally not significant. Variation in seed yield was more related to variation in seed number than to variation in seed weight. There were no significant cultivar differences for yield stability. The highest yielding cultivar was superior over a wide range of environments and the seed yield of the poorest cultivar was on average only 64% of that of the best cultivar.
Inheritance of Resistance to Downy Mildew (Peronospora destructor [Berk.] Casp.) from Allium roylei Stearn in the Backcross Allium cepa L. × (A. roylei ×A. cepa)
Authors: Kofoet A. , Kik C. , Wietsma W. A. , de Vries J. N. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Allium roylei Stearn and both reciprocals of the interspecific hybrid between Allium cepa L. and A. roylei displayed no symptoms of Peronospora destructor (Berk.) Casp. after artificial or natural inoculations, whereas A. cepa was susceptible. In the offspring from the backcross A. cepa× (A. roylei ×A. cepa) resistant and susceptible plants segregated after artificial inoculations, fitting a 1: 1‐ratio. This suggests that resistance is controlled by a single, dominantly‐inherited locus (designated Pd1) from the nuclear genome of A. roylei. During a severe epidemic in the field, plants from the same backcross segregated resistant and susceptible individuals in a 3: 1‐ratio. Escapes may explain the deviation from the 1: 1‐segregation, but the presence of a second resistance locus segregating independently from Pd1 cannot be excluded, implicating possible differences in virulence between populations of P. destructor. The occurrence in the backcross offspring of plants having a morphology similar to A. cepa without showing symptoms of downy mildew opens perspectives for breeding P. destructor‐resistant onion varieties.
Inheritance of Partial Resistance to Net Blotch in Barley
Authors: Arabi M. I. , Sarrafi A. , Barrault G. , Albertini L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractReciprocal crosses were made between 9 different barley genotypes with high genetic variability for net blotch resistance. Parents and 72 F1 plants were used to determine the inheritance of partial resistance to net blotch. Four experiments, one in a growth chamber on seedlings and 3 others in the field on adult plants, were undertaken using a randomised complete block design. An isolate of net blotch from local cultivars was used for inoculation. Non‐inoculated plants of one of the field experiments were used for the detached leaf test in petri dishes.Results show that the cultivars ‘Banteng’, and ‘Arrivate’, the Ethiopian line CI 5791, and the Syrian line 79 SIO‐10, had a high partial resistance in all experiments. Diallel analysis showed high significant general and specific combining ability when maternal and reciprocal effects were not significant. As the resistance genotypes have a high additive genetic effect, they could be successfully used for breeding purposes.
Dissection of the Brassica nigra Genome by Monosomic Addition Lines
Authors: This P. , Ochoa O. , Quiros C. F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHyperploid derivatives of Diplotaxis erucoides × Brassica nigra hybrids were used to extract seven out of the eight possible monosoinic addition lines for B. nigra (genome B). The fertility and transmission of the lines varied depending on the added chromosome. However, these parameters were high enough to assure the maintenance of the addition lines. Although no phenotypic changes were observed, the plants carrying extra chromosomes were slower in development than diploid D. emcoides. Each of the B. nigra chromosomes was recognizable cytologically by size and heterochromatin distribution. Seven of these were characterized by a series of isozymes and RFLP markers. Ribosotnal DNA sequences were detected in two independent B. nigra chromosomes. Two probes disclosed fragments dispersed in more than one chromosome.
Agronomic Performance of Hexaploid Wheat Lines Derived from Direct Crosses between Wheat and Aegilops squarrosa1)
Authors: Cox T. S. , Hatchet J. H. , Gill B. S. , Raupp W. J. , Sears R. G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDirect introgression of genes from diploid Aegilops squarrosa L into hexaploid wheat (Tnticum aestivumL.) is an efficient way of developing stable, hexaploid lines with unique, useful genes. 39 such lines derived front direct crosses to determine the effects of Ac. squarrosa germplasm were field‐tested on productivity. Whereas some lines were agronomically inferior to the recurrent parent, others periormed at an equall or better level. In addition to the larget traits (Hessian‐fly and leaf‐rust resistance), other traits, including soilborne‐mosaic‐virus resistance and protein concentration, were improved.
Medium‐Genotype‐Interaction on Androgenetic Haploid Production in Wheat
Authors: Fadel F. , Wenzel G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe present study investigates the effects of media on the rate of green plantlet formation from anther cultures of five different winter and spring wheat cultivars. An increased number of embryos and calli were produced on Ficoll‐containing liquid potato‐2 medium, whereas the addition of 0.2 M/l maltose increased the rate of regeneration. The genotypes had strong effect on the formation of plantlets, but the developed procedure allows also the regeneration of recalcitrant genotypes. On the best medium sequence, a total of 2430 anthers over all genotypes were plated which developed 1325 macroscopic structures (55 %) of which 159 green plants have developed, i.e. 12 % from the structures and 7 % from the plated anthers, respectively.
Production of Brassica napus × Raphanobrassica Hybrids by Embryo Rescue: An Attempt to Introduce Shattering Resistance into B. napus
Authors: Agnihotri Abha , Shivanna K. R. , Raina S. N. , Lakshmikumaran Malathi , Prakash Shyam , Jagannathan V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIntergeneric hybridization is one of the effective methods to broaden the genetic base of cultivated species. Raphanus sativus, a member of the subtribe Raphaninae, has very hard pods at threshing time. In an attempt to transfer shattering resistance to Brassica napus, Raphanobrassica was used as the male parent in crosses with Brassica napus. Plantlets were obtained by embryo rescue and were further multiplied in vitro by micropropagation of nodal segments. Morphology, cytology and DNA analysis confirmed the hybrid nature of these plants. They were backcrosscd with Brassica napus and the progeny was raised. Plants of BC1 and BC2 generations showed wide variation in morphology, chromosome number and pollen fertility. Some of the plants showed up to 95 % pollen fertility and resistance to shattering, indicating the potential for developing B. napus with resistance to shattering.
An Analysis of Seed Development in Pisum sativum. XIII. The Chemical Induction of Storage Product Mutants
Authors: Wang T. L. , Hadavizideh A. , Harwood A. , Welham T. J. , Harwood W. A. , Faulks R. , Hedley C. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn an attempt to generate more variation of the type represented by the rugosus loci, r and rb, putative seed development mutants have been isolated from peas (Pisum sativum L.) following chemical mutagenesis of a round‐seeded (RRRbRb) genotype. The populations segregating for wrinkled seeds at the M3 generation were examined for their starch, lipid and protein content. The starch content of the wrinkled‐type variants was between 0 and 55 % with an amylose content between 0 and 80 %, compared with 51 % and 30 %, respectively, for the round‐seeded parent. When the range of compositions of the wrinkled‐type seed was grouped, the values indicated that similar phenotypic groups to the wild type (RRRbRb) and the rugosus types (rrRbRb, RRrbrb and rrrbrb) existed in the population. The lipid content of the putative mutants supported this conclusion. Furthermore, some of the values for starch content and composition, and for lipid content indicated that new mutants had been induced. The material represents the first report on chemically‐induced mutants of legumes with altered storage product composition.
Genetic Analysis of Isozyme Loci in Chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.)
Authors: Eickmeyer F. , Primus‐Kopfer Susanne , Wricke G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance ot nine isozyme systems in selfed progenies of chives was studied elcctrophoretically. The isozyme systems studied were malate‐dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), triosephosphate‐isomerase (TP1), diaphorase (D1A), menadione‐reductase (MDR), esterase (EST), glutamate‐oxalacetate‐transaminase (GOT), hexokinase (HK) and superoxide‐dismutase (SOD). Segregation results of Goodness‐of‐Fit tests against the expected 1:2:1 and 3 : 1 ratios for codominant and dominant inheritance, respectively, led to the identification of 16 isozyme loci whose banding patterns are given in this paper. The first results on linkage relationships between isozyme loci and between the Mdr‐3‐locus and a male sterility gene are given. These results and further studies will be used to mark important characters in chives.
Micropropagation of Recessive Determinate Genotypes of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) as an Alternate Approach to Uniform Seed Production
Authors: Neškovič M. , Vintekhaiter B. , Miljuš‐Djukič J. , Ghalawenji N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDissected apical buds of determinate buckwheat seedlings were cultured on a medium with high BAP to IAA ratio, and clones of micropropagated plants were established. Regenerated plantlets (R1) were transferred to a greenhouse and grown to maturity. All plants of this R1 generation had terminal inflorescence typical for the determinate type. Sixty eight selected R1 plants, belonging to 6 clones (3 pin and 3 thrum), were allowed to cross‐pollinate and 643 seeds were collected. In a sample of 100 seedlings belonging to the R2 generation, all plants again had the characteristic determinate growth habit with no signs of segregation.
Effects of Growth Regulators and Genotypes on Callus and Embryoid Induction from Maize Anther Culture *
Authors: Hongchang M. , Liang G. H. , Wassom C. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFifty genotypes and ten growth‐regulator combinations were used in two experiments (I and II) to investigate genotype and hormonal effects on production of callus and embryoids via anther culture in maize (Zea mays L.). Hormonal effects across all genotypes were not significant in either experiment. However, highest callus‐induction frequencies in both experiments occurred on YP basal medium plus 2,4‐D at 2.0 mg 1−1, and kinetin at 1.5 mg 1−1 indicating that this combination was more effective than others. Genotypic differences in callus or embryoid induction across all media were significant. The most responsive genotypes in experiment I were single‐cross hybrids Yuanwu × 592 and K727 × K305, which produced 18.3 and 6.7 % calli, respectively, with their appropriate media. The most responsive entry in experiment II was CIMMYT Pool 29, which produced 15.0 % calli on appropriate medium and an average of 10.0 % calli across 10 media. Twenty‐three plantlets was regenerated from this study. Most of them developed embryogenically.
Shoot Regeneration from Anther Culture of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and Some Interspecific Hybrids as Affected by Genotype and Culture Procedure
Authors: Gürel A. , Nichterlein K. , Friedt W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAnther culture has been demonstrated to be an applicable technique for the development of doubled haploid, i. e. homozygous lines of many crop species. In some species, androgenetic doubled haploids have already been shown to be a useful tool for breeding. However, anther culture results in sunflower have been rather unsatisfactory up to now.As in other species, anther culture response of sunflower (Helianthus sp.) is strongly affected by physical, nutritional, physiological and genetical factors. By testing a number of different culture parameters, i. e. donor plant stages, culture media and conditions, and appropriate schedule could be worked out for the successful regeneration of shoots – at least for a number of sunflower lines and interspecific hybrids.