bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL ANTI‐NP ANTI‐BODIES IN DIFFERENT STRAINS OF MICE
Authors: Julin Marja 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYCharacteristics (titre and fine‐specificity) of natural anti‐NP* antibodies were determined in eighteen inbred strains of mice. We found systematic titre and fine‐specificity differences between different strains. At least five types of strains could be easily detected but the data indicate that the actual number is greater. Strains sharing an Ig allotype tended to have less different anti‐NP antibodies than those not sharing the allotype. Fine‐specificity of natural anti‐NP antibodies resembled fine‐specificity characteristics in immune anti‐NP antibodies of the same strains. Both are probably controlled by V genes. The data indicate that fine‐specificity of antibodies has a great resolving power in the study of Mendelian V genes.
HAEMAGGLUTININS PRODUCED IN VITRO BY HUMAN LYMPHOBLASTOID CELLS
Authors: Joss A. W. L. , Evans Judith , Veitch D. T. , Arthur Elizabeth , Steel C. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHaemagglutinins in the supernatants of four human lymphoblastoid lines have been partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, centrifugation on a sucrose gradient or passage through a Sephadex G‐200 column. Haemagglutinating activity in all cases appears to be associated with a high molecular weight fraction with the characteristics of IgM and activity can be recovered by elution of material adsorbed onto an anti‐IgM column. On iso‐electric focusing, a very small number of molecular species seems to be involved. It is likely that these lines constitute the first in vitro human systems in which the synthesis of homogenous immunoglobulins with known antibody specificity can be studied.
THE USE OF EARLY EMBRYO AGGREGATION DERIVED CHIMAERAS. I. TO STUDY IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE*
Authors: Barnes R. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYEarly embryo aggregation mouse chimaeras have proven an invaluable tool to study mechanisms involved in tolerance. Such chimaeras are most commonly derived following the aggregation of two undifferentiated embryos and therefore not surprisingly they were originally considered examples of classic immunological tolerance. Since this time alternative mechanisms including humoral and cell suppressor activity have been suggested and until recently tolerance in tetra‐parental chimaeras has remained a controversy. This controversy is now reviewed in the light of recent findings which has suggested that such mice are in fact examples of classic tolerance with the possibility that this is achieved by heterogenous elimination of the clones of potentially self → self auto‐reactive cells.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON TOAD (BUFO) EGGS: COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THREE SPECIES (B. BUFO, B. VIRIDIS, B. CALAMITA)
Authors: Schenkel‐Brunner H. , Kothbauer H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYEggs of three Bufo species (B. bufo, B. viridis and B. calamita) were examined for blood group activity. B. bufo showed distinct A activity, whereas in B. viridis and B. calamita a marked H‐activity was observed. These results correspond with the zoological systematic classification of the three toad species tested.
CODOMINANT INHERITANCE IN IMMUNOGENETIC (IR‐GENE) SYSTEMS
Authors: Ebringer A. , Deacon N. J. , Young C. R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYImmunogenetic (IR‐gene) systems consist of animals showing different quantitative antibody responses when immunized with similar doses of a given antigen.Strains of animals giving high and low antibody titres are described as high and low responders, respectively.The degree of dominance in F1 hybrid strains, obtained from a cross between high and low responder parents, can readily be calculated using the dominance index formula, which takes the value of +1 for complete dominance, ‐1 for complete recessivity and the value of zero for no dominance.In reviewing 1527 F1 animals, obtained from ninety‐one immunogenetic systems, the degree of dominance (d) was found to be: + 0±0076 ± 0±1053 (mean ± s.e.), which is close to a value of zero and this is consistent with codominant inheritance.It is suggested that in immunogenetic systems, both alleles are expressed as co‐dominant genes.
THE USE OF EARLY EMBRYO AGGREGATION DERIVED MOUSE CHIMAERAS. II. THE STUDY OF DISEASE PROCESSES*
Authors: Barnes R. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYEarly embryo aggregation derived mouse chimaeras have proven an extremely valuable tool to study development of disease processes. In this respect chimaeras prove a unique opportunity to study the interaction between cells genetically predestined to become diseased and a normal cell population within the same animal. In this situation chimaeras can be studied in view of possible ‘correction’ of the disease by the provision of a population of normal host cells and/or their products. Various host deficiency states including classic immune deficiency, potentially ‘deficient’ anaemias and tumours have been studied–the subject of the review here.
THE USE OF EARLY EMBRYO AGGREGATION DERIVED MOUSE CHIMAERAS. III. A TOOL OF IMMUNOGENETICS*
Authors: Barnes R. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYEarly embryo aggregation derived chimaeras have proven a valuable tool to biologists concerned with various aspects of mammalian development. The use of this model is discussed here in respect of its application to the field of immunogenetics and also to possible future exploitation. Chimaeras have already provided information concerning various areas of immunogenetics ranging from tolerance, control of antibody response, allotype expression, gene transfer and its possible influence upon the immune response. These are reviewed here.
A NEW HLA ANTIGEN APPARENTLY NOT CONTROLLED BY THE KNOWN HLA LOCI
Authors: Cecchi V. , Belvedere M. C. , Luciani G. , Curtoni E. S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe human allogeneic serum RM3 recognizes a lymphocyte structure inherited with the HLA chromosome. Population studies show several positive associations with antigens of the HLA‐A and HLA‐B series. Negative associations have been found with antigens of the HLA‐C series. Moreover the distribution of the RM3 factor is in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium with that of the HLA‐C alleles.However, serological investigations (namely the ‘lysostrip’ technique) bring evidence that RM3 serum does not appear to contain antibodies directed against any of the known antigens of the HLA‐A, B and C series. The study of a segregant family, showing a crossing over between the HLA‐A and HLA‐B loci, shows that the RM3 factor segregates on the side of the HLA‐A locus. In conclusion, within the limits of the serological approach used, the present study presents evidence of a new serologically defined HLA locus, different from those so far described.
MOLECULAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN H‐2 AND ML ANTIGENS ON LEUKAEMIA L‐1210/v CELLS*
Authors: Strzadala L. , Steuden Jadwiga , Radzikowski C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe molecular relationship between H‐2 antigens and mammary leukaemia (ML) antigen at the surface of leukaemic L‐1210/v cells was studied by the ‘lyso‐strip’ method. Molecules carrying the private specificities of the H‐2d haplotype are independent entities in the membrane of the L‐1210/v leukaemic cells and are not linked to molecules carrying the ‘Ml’ antigen.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN H‐2 AND VIRAL ANTIGENS IN MURINE ONCORNAVIRUS‐INDUCED TUMOURS*
Authors: Gomard Elisabeth , Duprez Véronique , Henin Yvette , Levy J.P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYCytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) from murine sarcoma virus (MSV) or Friend leukaemia virus (FLV) inoculated mice lyse syngeneic much more efficiently than allogeneic FMRGi+ lymphoma cells. By comparing the cytolysis of various H‐2 different 51Cr lymphomas by CTL from several inbred and congenic lines differing at H‐2, and by competition experiments using unlabelled cells, one can demonstrate that this phenomenon is due to an H‐2 barrier. H‐2b/H‐2d hybrid‐anti‐MSV‐CTL immunized by H‐2b, H‐2d or H‐2b/H‐2d tumours lyse only FMRGi+ lymphomas of the same H‐2, and their activity for a given target is inhibited only by H‐2‐identical competitive cells. H‐2 antigens are therefore directly involved in the interaction between tumour cells and immune CTL which probably react with an 'H‐2 modified' antigen of the tumour cells surface. The use of CTL from intra‐H‐2 recombinant lines shows that H‐2D and probably H‐2K molecules are involved, but vary according to the tumour cells. A possible role of the I region is discussed as well as the implications of these results in immunosurveillance against viral neoplasia.
GENETIC STUDIES IN INBRED RATS VIII. THE PRODUCTION OF XENOANTISERA AGAINST Ag‐B HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS
Authors: Edwards P. A. , Kunz H. W. , iii Gill T. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYRabbit anti‐rat xenoantisera were raised by intravenous injection of splenic lymphocytes. After absorption with the appropriate rat red blood cells for removal of ‘species‐specific’ antibodies, many agglutinating specificities remained which were quite similar to the corresponding alloantisera with the exception of the Ag‐B5 haplotype. In attempts to produce specific Ag‐B xenoantisera, two groups of histocompatibility antigens were discovered: one consisting of Ag‐B1, Ag‐B3, Ag‐B4, Ag‐B7 and Ag‐B8 to which specific Ag‐B antisera could be produced, and another comprised of Ag‐B2, Ag‐B5 and Ag‐B6 to which specific Ag‐B antisera could not be made by any of several methods. Xenoantisera produced by a rapid hyperimmunization technique and all alloantisera tested were cytotoxic, whereas no cytotoxic antibodies could be detected in the xenoantisera produced by a longer course of immunization.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN GAMMA CHAINS OF A MONOTREME MAMMAL, THE ECHIDNA (TACHYGLOSSUS ACULEATUS): AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND PARTIAL AMINO ACID SEQUENCE
Authors: Atwell J. L. , Marchalonis J. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe echidna represents the lowest stage in phytogeny at which molecules clearly homologous to IgG antibodies appear to occur. We provide evidence that a fraction of γ chains possess an unblocked N terminal sequence comparable to the VHIII sub‐group of human γ chains and that glycine is the C‐terminal residue. Statistical comparison of amino acid composition of the component chains with other immunoglobulin heavy chains suggests that echidna γ chains are more closely related to eutherian γ chains than to the 7S Ig heavy chains from amphibia or aves. The results are consistent with our view that true γ‐type heavy chains did not appear in evolution until after the mammalian line diverged from the stem reptiles.
THE DEFECT OF Mk ERYTHROCYTES AS REVEALED BY SODIUM DODECYLSULPHATE‐POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS*
Authors: Dahr W. , Uhlenbruck G. , Knott H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe membrane glycoprotein defect of Mk red cells was studied using discontinuous sodium dodecylsulphate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, carbohydrate analytical procedures and lectins. The results suggest that Mk erythrocyte membranes contain only about half of the normal amount of the MN and Ss sialoglycoproteins, both molecules being not qualitatively different from normal. The major membrane protein exhibits an increased molecular weight in the above red cells. Some data on Mg and Miltenberger class five cells are presented for comparison. The results on Mk erythrocytes support the operon concept of the MNSs blood group system proposed previously.
STRUCTURAL RESTRICTION AND SIMILARITIES OF THE LIGHT CHAINS OF ANTIBODIES TO GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL CARBOHYDRATE PRODUCED IN A SINGLE RABBIT
Authors: Raison R. L. , Marchalonis J. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYComparison of the amino acid compositions, N‐terminal amino acids and tryptic peptide maps of two L chains (145 LI and 145 LII) derived from antibodies produced in a single rabbit to group B streptococci indicates a high degree of sequence homology of the two chains. Furthermore, comparison of these data with similar analysis of L chains prepared from pooled antibodies to group B streptococci indicates a high degree of V region restriction in the L chains of antibodies elicited by hyperimmunization with streptococci.
MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF T LYMPHOMA IMMUNOGLOBULIN
Authors: Moseley Jane M. , Marchalonis J. J. , Harris A. W. , Pye J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYImmunoglobulin (Ig) released into the medium by monoclonal continuously cultured murine T lymphoma cells of the lines WEHI‐22 and WEHI‐7 was isolated by serological precipitation or solid‐phase immunoadsorption techniques. The intact immunoglobulin had an electrophoretic mobility on sodium dodecyl‐sulphate (SDS) containing polyacrylamide gels comparable to that of IgG (mass 150,000). This mobility was significantly faster than that of ‘7S’ IgM of murine B lymphocyte surfaces. The T lymphoma immunoglobulin consisted of a pair of heavy chains linked by disulphide bonds and light chains non‐covalently bound to the heavy chains. The isolated heavy chains migrated slightly faster than the μ chains of MOPC 104E IgM. Some, but not all, antisera directed against μ chains of normal mouse serum IgM bound T lymphoma immunoglobulin apparently via a cross‐reaction localized to the Fd fragment.These data indicate that immunoglobulin of T lymphoma cells and, presumably normal T lymphocytes, represents an immunoglobulin isotype which is distinct from those immunoglobulins found on the B cell surface.
THE H‐2 COMPLEX: IMMUNOGENICITY AND ENHANCEMENT STUDIES OF H‐2K REGION ALLOANTIGENS
Authors: McKenzie I. F. C. , Henning Margaret M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAntigenic differences arising from incompatibilities at the K region of the H‐2 complex of the mouse (including the H‐2K locus) were studied in different combinations to determine the immunogenicity of Kk, Kq and Ks region products. Only congenic strains and selected recombinant strains were used, so that the only known differences arose from the K region of the H‐2 complex. In males, first grafts were rejected in 12–13 days so that, as immunogens, K region antigens were equivalent to those of H‐2I. If the H‐2 histocompatibility loci are ranked in decreasing order of the immunogenic strength of their antigenic specificities: H‐2K = H‐2I > H‐2D > H‐2IC. Second grafts were rejected more rapidly than first skin grafts. After immunization by either lymphocytes or a single skin graft, high cytotoxic antibody titres were achieved, e.g. 1/512, after lymphocyte immunization. However, it was not possible by the passive administration of antiserum to delay graft rejection and produce enhancement by any antisera directed only against K region specificities. In several different combinations studied, it was proved that antigenic differences arising from the I region but not the K region are essential to produce an enhancing antiserum for K + I region differences. In particular, differences incorporating IA and IB are more important than IC differences. However, when differences arise only from the K region, enhancement cannot be produced by any antiserum, whether it contains anti‐Ia antibodies or not, presumably as there is no I region incompatibility.
THE I REGION TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS: IMMUNOGENICITY AND ENHANCEMENT
Authors: McKenzie I. F. C. , Henning Margaret M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe immunogenicity of I region transplantation antigens was studied using congenic and recombinant strains differing only at the I region. Three separate types of incompatibility were studied with antigenic differences arising from: either the IA, IB and IC subregions; or from the IA and IB subregions only; or from the IB and IC subregions of the H‐2 complex, (i) When the incompatibility included specificities arising from the IA and IB subregions, i.e. the whole I region or just IA and IB, there was early first graft rejection (due to an H‐2I incompatibility), anti‐Ia antibodies were formed after graft rejection, and substantial degrees of enhancement could be produced by the passive administration of antiserum. Second grafts were usually rejected in accelerated fashion when placed on mice who had just rejected a first graft. By contrast, grafts to hyperimmune mice were either not rejected or underwent delayed graft rejection. In general, the passive administration of antiserum did not lead to suppression of antibody formation after a skin graft, (ii) When the differences arose from IB and IC, first grafts were not rejected, but immunized mice rejected their grafts due to the H‐2IC derived incompatibility).The results demonstrate that the I region contains at least two H loci, one of strong and the other of weak immunogenicity and that high titre anti‐Ia antibody can be formed after a skin graft. The enhancement studies, taken together with other data, demonstrate the predominating influence of the I region in the production of enhancement for H‐2 incompatible skin grafts.
DOUBLE LINE PHENOTYPES IN RABBIT IgG ALLOTYPES AND THEIR RELATION TO THE CIS/TRANS CONFIGURATION OF THE IgG MARKERS
Authors: Hamers‐Casterman C. , Wittouck E. , Florent G. , Loo W. van der , Baetselier P. De , Hamers R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYRabbit antiallotype sera raised against heavy chain markers sometimes show double precipitin lines with all or some of the corresponding antigens (double and single line phenotypes).In a number of cases the double line phenotypes behave as alleles of the single line phenotypes and this feature allows a genetic and immunochemical analysis of these systems.In three cases that have been analysed, the double line phenotype arises when a precipitating a locus allotype and a non‐precipitating d or e locus allotype are present on the same molecule (a1 and d14), (a1 and d11), (a3 and d11). This only happens when the corresponding genes are present on the same chromosome (cis configuration) of the diploid pair. These sera are therefore useful for determining directly the genotype of the animals.
POPULATION GENETICS OF Aa AND Ab IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES IN WILD RABBITS OF SOUTH‐EASTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Herd Z. L. , Edmonds* J. W. E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAa and Ab allotype frequencies have been investigated in wild rabbit populations throughout Victoria and South‐east South Australia. The overall mean allele frequencies for thirty‐three populations are 0.53:0.12:0.36 for a1:a2:a3 and 0.72:0.22:0.05 for b4:b5:b9. The b6 allele was not found anywhere. The a1 frequency has been found to increase in proportion to increases in mean annual rainfall.While considerable variations exist in allotype and allele frequencies from area to area, the relationships a1 > a3 > a2 and b4 > b5 > b9 are almost always observed. The results are discussed in terms of the historical origins of Australian wild rabbits and possible genetic mechanisms to explain the maintenance of allotype ‘hierarchies’ in large populations breeding at random.
THE OCCURRENCE OF MATERIALS CROSS‐REACTING WITH ANTI‐A AND ‐B AGGLUTININS IN FRUIT OR SEED EXTRACTS OF HIGHER PLANTS
Authors: Yamamoto S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFourteen species of higher plants were found to contain materials in their fruit or seed extracts which were heat stable, inhibitory for and capable of absorbing anti‐H, ‐A and ‐B agglutinins and also lectins. The majority of species exhibiting a high grade of such cross‐reactivity belonged to two genera, Viburnum of the Caprifoliaceae and Acer of the Aceraceae. Gel diffusion patterns indicated, however, that the A‐ and B‐like activities of the Viburnum fruits were somewhat distinct serologically from blood group A and B substances of human origin.
SEGREGATION OF HLA HAPLOTYPES IN 100 FAMILIES WITH A MYASTHENIA GRAVIS PATIENT
Authors: Berg‐Loonen Ella M. vanden , Nijenhuis L. E. , Engelfriet C. P. , Feltkamp T. E. W. , Rossum A. L. van , Oosterhuis H. J. G. H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAn analysis of the HLA data of 100 myasthenia gravis (MG) patients and their first degree relatives and spouses is presented. The family studies confirmed the excess of B8 in the myasthenia gravis patients and showed that the excess was not limited to the A1, B8 haplotype. An excess of B8 homozygous patients was found from the matings of two B8 heterozygous parents, suggesting the existence of a dominant B8 linked MG susceptibility. B8 homozygous individuals run a 4.7 times higher risk of acquiring myasthenia gravis than B8 heterozygous individuals.
GENE EXPRESSION OF A REGION OF CHROMOSOME 17 DURING MURINE SPERMATOGENESIS
Authors: Erickson R. P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe presence of H‐2‐linked gene products on spermatozoa and their time of appearance during spermatogenesis was determined. Thymus leukaemia antigen specificities 1, 2 and 3 could not be detected on spermatozoa by absorption of the antisera. Immunofluorescent studies with anti‐Sip sera did not reveal any specific reactivity with target spermatozoa. In contrast, H‐2D antigens were present on somatic as well as germ line components in testes so the time of their first appearance during spermatogenesis could not be precisely specified. Cell separation experiments indicate that H‐2D antigens are present on pachytene spermatocytes and increased in quantity on spermatids. The sperm‐specific isoenzyme of phosphoglycerate kinase, Pgk‐2, appears at a later stage of spermatogenesis than do the H‐2 region antigens.
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS AND GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN GUINEA‐PIGS
Authors: Geczy A. F. , Weck A. L. de 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFurther breeding studies were carried out to investigate the polygenic control of the cellular immune response in the guinea‐pig to low doses of aspirin anhydride (ASAN), penicilloylated bovine immunoglobulin (BPO‐BGG) and to the multi‐chain copolymer (T, G)‐A–L. Although responsiveness to these three antigens is controlled by three independently segregating loci, at least one gene required for these responses is linked to the strain 13 haplotype.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN HAPLOTYPES OF TWO POPULATION GROUPS IN IRAN
Authors: Loghem Erna van , Lange Gerda de , Matsumoto H. , Miyazaki T. , Ohkura K. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYGenetic markers of IgG and IgA were investigated in two population groups from Iran. The Gm‐Am haplotypes found were mainly those prevalent in Caucasians, with a low frequency of Asiatic haplotypes.Twenty samples had phenotypes that led to the assumption of rare haplotypes. The main ones were: Gm(z;n;b)a2m(1) and Gm(za;n;g)A2m(2). The first haplotype differs from the common haplotypes because G1m(z) is present instead of G1m(f), and the second because it has G2m(n) and A2m(2) in combination with G1m(za) and G3m(g).
Gm PHENOTYPES IN AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE
Authors: Farid N. R. , Newton R. M. , Noel Elke P. , Marshall W. H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe Gm phenotype Gm f,b or Gm f,n,b was found in all forty patients with Graves' disease studied, contrasted with thirty‐five out of forty controls and twenty out of thirty‐one patients with thyroiditis. The difference between the two groups with autoimmune thyroid disease was significant. These results suggest that thyroid stimulating antibodies may be allotypically restricted.
A CAUCASOID PEDIGREE DEMONSTRATING THE TRANSMISSION OF A Gm1, 2, 17; 5, 13, 14 HAPLOTYPE
Authors: Pandey J. P. , Fudenberg H. H. , Amos D. B. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYData illustrating the inheritance of a Gm1, 2, 17; 5, 13, 14 haplotype in a Caucasian family are presented. The mother and two children are heterozygous for this unusual haplotype. The possible origin of the haplotype is discussed.