bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beta-cell function and metabolic control in insulin treated diabetics
Authors: Madsbad S. , McNair P. , Faber O. K. , Binder C. , Christiansen C. , Transbø I. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In a random one day study beta-cell function was evaluated in 210 insulin treated diabetics by the serum C-peptide concentration 6 min after iv injection of 1 mg of glucagon. Sixty-five patients (31%) had residual beta-cell function. As a group these patients were characterized by having a higher age at onset of diabetes (P < 0.01), a shorter duration of disease (P < 0.01) and by receiving a smaller dose of insulin (P < 0.01). However, their quality of metabolic control did not differ from the patients without beta-cell function. Although the concentrations of post-stimulatory C-peptide correlated inversely with both the 24-hour glycosuria (P <0.01) and the fasting blood glucose concentrations (P < 0.02), only a subgroup with C-peptide concentrations exceeding 0.30 pmol/ml showed a definitely better degree of metabolic control than those without beta-cell function. As this subgroup also received the smallest dose of insulin these observations suggest that maintenance of beta-cell function above this level facilitates good metabolic control.
Evidence is presented suggesting that measurements of the 24-hour glycosuria undertaken in a diabetes clinic create a too optimistic impression of the quality of metabolic control during every day life.
Diurnal change of serum androstenedione and testosterone and response to hCG and dexamethasone in women with polycystic ovaries, adrenal hyperandrogenism and unexplained hirsutism
Authors: Lisse K. , Schürenkämper P. , Friedrich W. , Rutkowsky J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The diurnal change in peripheral serum concentration of androstenedione (A) and testosterone (T) and their response to dexamethasone (DXM) and hCG was measured in 6 women with unexplained hirsutism (H), and the results compared to those from 4 women with proven polycystic ovaries (PCO) and 3 women with proven adrenal hyperandrogenism (AHA). The DXM suppression study was performed on the basis of short-term tests measuring the change in the steroid levels after iv infusion of 20 mg DXM. Response to hCG was assessed by measurement of steroids in serum collected before and for 5 days after im administration of 10 000 IU hCG. The AHA group showed a greater diurnal change than the PCO and the H group. The mean post-administration levels of A and T following DXM infusion in the AHA group were relatively lower than the levels found in both the PCO group (P < 0.05 for A, P < 0.10 for T) and the H group (P < 0.05 for A, P < 0.01 for T), but were not different between the PCO and H group (P < 0.80 for A, P < 0.20 for T). The mean post-administration levels of these androgens following hCG injection in both the PCO group (P < 0.02 for A, P < 0.01 for T) and the H group (P < 0.10 for A, P < 0.10 for T) were relatively higher than the levels found in the AHA group. These results suggest that in most women with unexplained hirsutism normal-sized ovaries are the source of excessive androgens.
Glycine stimulates growth hormone release in man
Authors: Kasai Kikuo , Suzuki Hitoshi , Nakamura Tsutomu , Shiina Hiroaki , Shimoda Shin-Ichi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The influence of glycine, the simplest amino acid, on pituitary function has been investigated in the present study.
Different doses (4, 8 or 12 g) of glycine were intravenously infused over 15 or 30 min in normal subjects. Serum levels of GH (growth hormone) and Prl (prolactin) were measured before and after the infusion, and also blood sugar levels were determined.
The dose of 4 or 8 g glycine induced a significant increase in serum GH (P < 0.05 or P< 0.001, respectively); however, a more pronounced and significant increase in serum GH levels was observed after infusion at a dose of 12 g glycine (P < 0.001). It was clearly observed that the dose-dependent GH release to intravenous glycine occurred in normal subjects. On the contrary, serum Prl level was not changed significantly, and blood sugar level was transiently, but significantly (P < 0.05), increased after the infusion of 12 g glycine.
The present data suggest that glycine might play an important role in the control of hypothalamic-pituitary function.
Somatomedin and analogues of cyclic AMP increase the number of cells synthesizing DNA in cartilage from hypophysectomized rats
Authors: Hough Aubrey , Bomboy James D. , Salmon William D. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effects of somatomedin and certain nucleotides on nuclear labelling of cartilage cells with [3H] thymidine were determined by autoradiography. Segments of costal cartilage from hypophysectomized rats were incubated for 24 h in a basal medium with or without additions and then pulsed for 2 h with [3H]thymidine in the basal medium. Both somatomedin (0.1 U/ml) and Bt2cAMP (10−4m) increased the number of labelled nuclei, and the combined effects were more than additive. A parallelism between the effects of these agents on nuclear labelling and their effects on total thymidine incorporation into DNA was demonstrated. The 8-bromated derivative of cAMP (10−4m) also enhanced chondrocyte nuclear labelling, but neither 8-Br5'-AMP (10 −4m) nor 8-Br-cGMP (10−4m) exhibited actions of the cAMP analogues. It is concluded that in cartilage obtained from hypophysectomized rats and incubated under the specified conditions (1) both somatomedin and cAMP analogues increase the number of cells synthesizing DNA as well as total thymidine incorporation into DNA, (2) the effects of the hormone and cyclic nucleotide in combination are synergistic, and (3) the increased incorporation of labelled thymidine into DNA reflects increased DNA synthesis and not merely an alteration of the specific activity of the intracellular thymidine nucleotide pool.
Serum prolactin responses to metoclopramide in Cushing's syndrome and Nelson's syndrome
Authors: Kasperlik-Zaluska Anna A. , Jeske Wojciech 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Serum prolactin (Prl) levels in basal conditions and those following metoclopramide administration (10 mg orally) were determined in 10 women with Cushing's syndrome, 9 patients bilaterally adrenalectomized for adrenal hyperplasia without clinical evidence of a pituitary tumour, and one after adrenal adenoma removal, 8 women with Nelson's syndrome and 12 normal subjects. Blood samples were taken at 1 and 2 h after metoclopramide administration.
In patients with hyperadrenocorticism the Prl responsiveness was reduced compared into the bilaterally adrenalectomized patients and the control group. In the bilaterally adrenalectomized patients without features of a pituitary adenoma, Prl responses to metoclopramide were significantly higher than those in the remaining subjects under investigation. In the patients with Nelson's syndrome mean baseline Prl was higher than that in the other groups studied; serum Prl responses to metoclopramide were significantly lower than those in the bilaterally adrenalectomized patients with no evidence of a pituitary tumour.
These results indicate that: 1) hypercortisolaemia of Cushing's disease diminishes Prl responses to metoclopramide, 2) the elimination of hypercortisolaemia by adrenalectomy results in a hyperresponsiveness of serum Prl to metoclopramide, 3) the development of Nelson's tumours is associated with increased baseline Prl and with significantly lower Prl responses to metoclopramide compared with those found in the other patients adrenalectomized for Cushing's syndrome, without clinical evidence of a pituitary adenoma.
Effects of intraventricular injection of Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II on plasma vasopressin level increased by angiotensin II and by water deprivation in conscious rats
Authors: Yamaguchi K. , Hama H. , Sakaguchi T. , Negoro H. , Kamoi K. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effects of intraventricular injection of Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II (a specific antagonist of angiotensin II) on the plasma vasopressin level increased by intraventricular injection of angiotensin II and by water deprivation (46 h) were examined in conscious male rats with an indwelling cannula in the third cerebral ventricle. Blood samplings were made by decapitation and the plasma level of vasopressin was determined by radioimmunoassay. Twenty-five, 50 or 100 ng of angiotensin II produced significant (P<0.05) increase in plasma vasopressin level 90 sec after the injection. The effect of 50 ng of angiotensin II was inhibited significantly (P<0.05) at least with 100 ng of Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II given 2 min before the injection of angiotensin II. The dehydrated rats to which 1000 ng of Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II was given 5 min before the decapitation showed the significantly (P<0.05) lower median plasma vasopressin level than that of the dehydrated controls. No significant difference in plasma osmolality was noted between them. These results suggest that the plasma vasopressin response to intraventricular angiotensin II is produced via angiotensin II receptors in the brain and that Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II inhibits the effect of endogenous angiotensin II on plasma vasopressin level under dehydration.
Oral administration of TRH in puerperal women: effect on insufficient lactation, thyroid hormones and on the responses of TSH and prolactin to intravenous TRH
Authors: Ylikorkala O. , Kivinen S. , Kauppila A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Thirteen puerperal women with insufficient lactation were treated with thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) 20 mg twice daily for two weeks. Intravenous (iv) TRH stimulation tests were done before the TRH therapy and within 3–5 h after the last dose of oral TRH. Plasma samples were assayed for prolactin (Prl), thyrotrophin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) by radioimmunoassays, and the lactational response was objectively monitored in 11 women. Oral TRH treatment was associated with significantly (P < 0.05) depressed Prl levels (23.0 ± 7.9 μg/l vs. 61.4 ± 26.2, mean ± sem), no change in TSH levels (3.7 ± 0.4 IU/1 vs. 4.0±0.4) but significantly (P<0.01) elevated T3 (2.17±1.14 nmol/l vs. 1.83 ± 0.09) and T4 (131.6 ± 7.9 nmol/l vs. 96.6 ± 5.8) levels. Oral TRH entirely blocked the TSH response and significantly (P<0.01) blunted the Prl response to iv TRH stimulation. No improvement in lactation was observed.
Increased plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in diabetic ketoacidosis; normalization following treatment
Authors: Skare S. , Hanssen K. F. , Lundqvist G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
As both hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia may modify plasma levels pancreatic polypeptide (PP), we measured plasma PP by a homologous radioimmunoassay in seven diabetics who were admitted to the hospital in overt diabetic ketoacidosis (initial blood glucose 27.1–55.0 mmol/l). None had circulating PP-antibodies. All were treated with continuous infusion of insulin and fluids.
Before starting treatment, plasma PP ranged from 2585–136 pmol/l (mean 629 pmol/l). Following treatment plasma PP decreased gradually in all patients. The following morning mean plasma PP was 242 pmol/l, 67 pmol/l when one uraemic patient was excluded. The normal value is less than 100 pmol/l.
This study shows that plasma PP is clearly elevated in diabetic ketoacidosis and decreases following treatment.
Ontogeny and immunoreactive forms of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in rat brain
Authors: Maletti M. , Besson J. , Bataille D. , Laburthe M. , Rosselin G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal peptide (IR-VIP) was assayed in rat brain between day 17 postcoitum (pc) and day 60 post-partum (pp). IR-VIP was detectable at day 17 pc (0.1 ± 0.01 pmol/organ), increased up to day 20 pp (142 ± 13.6 pmol/organ) and then reached a plateau up to day 60 pp (140 ± 14 pmol/organ). On a concentration basis, IR-VIP increased slightly during the perinatal period and rose more sharply between day 8 pp (17.2 ± 0.09 pmol/g of wet weight) and day 20 pp (105 ± 10 pmol/g of wet weight). Thereafter, the concentration decreased slowly up to day 40 pp (81.2 ± 12 pmol/g of wet weight) and day 60 pp (69.7 ± 6.9 pmol/g of wet weight). Ion-exchange chromatographic separation of extracts from rat brain obtained by two different procedures indicated the presence of two forms of VIP-like components measured in column effluents by both radioimmunoassay and radioreceptorassay. One molecular form emerged in a similar position to intestinal porcine VIP and was equally effective in radioimmunoassay and radioreceptorassay using rat liver membranes. Another component, which emerged after ion-exchange chromatography in front of porcine VIP, had on a Sephadex G-50 superfine column an elution position identical to that of intestinal porcine VIP. The immunoreactivity of the latter was significantly higher than the biological activity; it could thus be a deamidated form of VIP.
Plasma 11-deoxycortisol, androstenedione, testosterone and ACTH in comparison with the urinary excretion of tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol as indices of the pituitary-adrenal response to oral metyrapone
Authors: de Lange W. E. , Sluiter W. J. , Pratt J. J. , Doorenbos H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Plasma levels of ACTH, 11-deoxycortisol, androstenedione and testosterone and urinary tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol were determined during a two day oral metyrapone test using doses of 1.5 g every 6 h. The level of 11-deoxycortisol 48 h after the start was distinctive regarding the assessment of pituitary ACTH secretory capacity. The rise of androstenedione concentration after 48 h is distinctive in a similar way, whereas ACTH determination is of little diagnostic value in this respect. Further, an increase in testosterone level can be observed in cases of low basal testosterone production. This increase is probably the result of peripheral conversion of androstenedione to testosterone. Where the basal testosterone concentration was high, no change could be measured.
Potentiation of sulpiride-induced prolactin secretion by sodium deprivation in man
Authors: Mori Masatomo , Kobayashi Isao , Ohshima Kihachi , Maruta Sakae , Shimomura Yohnosuke , Fukuda Hitoshi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Previous studies suggest that prolactin is not an important osmoregulatory hormone in man, while aldosterone is well known to be important in osmoregulation. The present investigation was undertaken to ascertain whether serum osmotic changes affect pituitary prolactin secretion following sulpiride administration. Five normal subjects were placed on a constant isocaloric diet with different sodium content. Serum prolactin and aldosterone level were measured by specific radioimmunoassay. The basal serum level of prolactin was unaffected by changes in sodium content of the diet, in contrast to the basal level of aldosterone. On the other hand, the maximum levels of serum prolactin in response to sulpiride (50 mg, im) were significantly higher on a low sodium diet (3 g of salt/day) than on a control diet (12– 15 g of salt/day). When the content of diet changed from low salt to high salt (25 g of salt/day), sulpiride-induced prolactin response decreased, though it was not significantly lower than that on a control diet. However, sulpiride administration could not stimulate aldosterone secretion under any of the various sodium contents of the diet.
The present study provides evidence that lowering of serum osmolarity stimulates serum prolactin response to sulpiride administration in man and this response is not modulated by aldosterone secretion.
Hormonal profile of the cycle in 68 normally menstruating women
Authors: Landgren B.-M. , Undén A.-L. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The peripheral plasma levels of immunoreactive LH, FSH, oestradiol and progesterone were analyzed daily throughout the cycle in 68 normally menstruating women, exhibiting a cycle length of 25 to 36 days during the period of blood sampling. The (geometric) mean length of the follicular phase was 15 days, with an individual variation between 9 and 23 days. The mean length of the luteal phase was 13 days, with an individual variation between 8 and 17 days. The mean ratio of the length of the follicular to luteal phase (F/L ratio) was 1.13, and 62 of 68 subjects (91%) exhibited an F/L ratio between 0.75 and 1.80. In one-third of the cycles studied. the pre-ovulatory oestradiol and LH peaks occurred before the 12th, or after the 18th day of the cycle, and the length of the luteal phase was shorter than 12, or longer than 15 days.
The length of the follicular phase was positively correlated to the mean LH level of days LH-7 to LH-3 before the midcycle surge (P< 0.001) and negatively correlated to the mean oestradiol level of the first 6 days of the cycle (P< 0.001) and to the height of the preovulatory oestradiol peak (P<0.01). There was also a positive correlation between the length of the entire cycle and the mean LH level throughout the cycle (P< 0.01) or during days LH-7 to LH-3 (P < 0.001), or the height of the midcycle LH surge (P<0.01), and a negative correlation between cycle length and the mean oestradiol level of the first 6 cycle days (P < 0.001), or of the entire follicular phase (P < 0.001), or of the complete cycle (P < 0.01). Hence a combination of high initial oestradiol levels with low LH levels is associated with relatively short cycles and the opposite combination with relatively long ones.
In agreement with previous findings in 32 normally menstruating women, 94%, or 64 of the 68 subjects of the present study had plasma progesterone levels higher than 16 nmol/1 for a minimum of 5 days. Hence, progesterone levels lower than this value or exceeding this value for a shorter period than 5 days are considered to reflect an insufficient or partially suppressed luteal function.
In addition, 62 of the 68 subjects studied (91%) fulfilled a series of criteria concerning the minimal and maximal levels of LH, FSH, oestradiol and also progesterone during different cycle phases. It is suggested that these criteria together with the progesterone levels indicated above are characteristic of a normal ovulatory cycle, at least in the local population. The acquisition of similar 'critical levels' in other populations may provide a useful approach towards the establishment of generally accepted criteria for distinguishing a normal from an abnormal cycle.
Zinc induced changes in the progesterone binding properties of the human endometrium
Authors: Habib F. K. , Maddy S. Q. , Stitch S. R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The binding of progesterone to plasma and endometrial cytosol is markedly influenced by Zn++, the degree and magnitude of this influence being dependent on the concentration of the metal ion. There is a critical protein concentration (approximately 10 mg/ml) beyond which the zinc exerts either a stimulatory or inhibitory effect.
Maximum increases in binding of over 60% were attained in solutions of plasma containing 30 mg of protein whereas increases of 10% were measured in cytosol specimens with 10 mg protein/ml. This metal mediated effect was however progressively diminished with increasing zinc concentration resulting finally in the return of the binding to the levels observed in the absence of added Zn++.
The zinc induced inhibition was most evident in plasma and cytosol with a protein concentration less than 10 mg/ml. The magnitude of this effect was inversely proportional to the levels of protein in solution.
Scatchard analysis of the the data revealed that the number of progesterone bindings sites in the receptor are affected by the presence of the metal while the association constants remained unchanged. The study also suggests that the zinc induced changes are partially reversed by dithiothreitol and EDTA. We believe that the metal interferes directly with the SH groups at the receptor binding sites.
The development of the pituitary-adrenal axis in the guinea pig
Authors: Jones Colin T. , Roebuck Margaret M 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The concentration of cortisol and ACTH in the umbilical vein plasma of the foetal guinea pig has been measured over the later half of gestation. Between 55–60 days there is a large increase in the concentration of both. Injection of ACTH1-24 into the foetal guinea pig elicits a relatively small increase in plasma cortisol at 46–55 days, a somewhat greater response at 56–60 days and a large response at 61–66 days. Between 47–55 days and 58–63 days cells prepared from the foetal adrenal show a large increase in their responsiveness to ACTH stimulation as measured by cortisol and androstenedione output. However, there was no clear difference in responsiveness between 58–60 days and 61–63 days. Thus between 56–60 days the foetal adrenal appears less responsive to ACTH stimulation in vivo than in vitro. ACTH in the circulation of the guinea pig is present in high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight forms and the ratio of concentration of ACTH1-39 to that of the high-melcular-weight forms rises after 60 days. It is proposed that this is an important factor in inducing an increased steroid response from the foetal adrenal.
Effects of high dose oestrogen and testosterone treatment in adolescents upon trabecular and compact bone measured by 125I computed tomography. A preliminary study
Authors: Exner Gerhard Ulrich , Prader Andrea , Elsasser Urs , Anliker Max 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
125I Computed Tomography (CT) allows for the selective determination of trabecular and compact bone mineral parameters in the radius. Using this technique the effects of high dose oestrogen treatment in 11 tall girls, and of high dose testosterone treatment in 5 tall boys were monitored. In both groups trabecular bone density (TBD) increased steadily during treatment at a rate of about 1% per month. Also in both groups the compact bone mineral increased steadily. These results are compared with those from a cross sectional study on 49 normal children and 36 normal adults, in whom TBD was found to be independent of age and sex, so that the increases in TBD in both treatment groups can be attributed directly to the influence of the sex hormones. Since the compact bone mineral is higher in adults than in children it cannot yet be decided whether the increases seen in the treated patients are related to the sex hormone treatment, or reflect only the normal development of the bone during adolescence.
Changes in the biomechanical properties of skin and aorta induced by corticotrophin treatment
Authors: Oxlund H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The work presented here is an investigation of the effect of elevated levels of corticosteroids on the biophysical properties of skin, aorta and muscle tendon. Rats were given corticotrophin injections for 10, 30 and 60 days to elevate the level of plasma endogenous corticosteroids. The corticotrophin treatments did not change the water or collagen content of specimens from dorsal skin, thoracic aorta and peroneal muscle tendons, tested mechanically. Changes became evident after longer treatment times. For both skin and aorta, the tensile strength, elastic stiffness and failure energy were increased after 60 days of treatment. The corticotrophin treatment did not influence the mechanical properties of muscle tendons. Complete reversibility of changes in the mechanical properties induced by 30 days of corticotrophin treatment was found after an additional period of 30 days of saline injections. This study indicates that an increased level of plasma corticosteroids elicited by corticotrophin treatment may increase the stiffness of the connective tissue of the organism. In the aorta this results in loss of capacitive function with increased haemodynamic strain on the aortic wall.