bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and experimental research on the mechanical tests of 3D printed samples from various materials
Authors: Dimitrescu A , Babiş C , Fica S A , Stochioiu C , Vlăsceanu D , Baciu F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
At this moment, a real industrial, scientific and technological revolution is being discussed worldwide, consisting in the development of Additive Manufacturing AM technologies through the use of 3D printing. The FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) 3D printing technology consists in the deposition of fusible material layer by layer in the XOY plane, the thickness of the 3D printed layer is g = 0.12 ÷ 0.24 mm, the resolution of 3D printing is r = 0.1mm, while the print head advances vertically on the OZ axis. The purpose of the work is to determine the breaking moment through destructive mechanical bending tests of some samples made by 3D printing from the following materials: ABS+, PETG and PLA. 5 samples were made in 3 printing directions: horizontal, vertical and lateral, resulting in 15 samples for each material. The total number of samples used is 45. Knowing these values, depending on the requirements of the specifications, a certain material and a certain printing position can be used.
Dummy kinematics in frontal impact, comparison of simulations in Madymo with sled tests
Authors: Nedelescu C , Chiru A , Vrabie P , Trusca D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The paper aims to respond to the current requirements regarding the usage of modern virtual analysis tools in accidentology research, presenting the methods of performing the virtual and experimental studies. The main objective of this paper is to determine the movement of the dummy by comparing the kinematic parameters provided by the simulations performed in Madymo with the experimental tests (sled tests). A prototype test device was used to analyse the movement of the dummy in a vehicle cabin at different impact situations of a frontal collision. The experiment was performed for two different cases: with seatbelt and without seatbelt. For the virtual study in Madymo two different setups were prepared in order to obtain the results for both testcases based on a parameterized model. The analysis of the results is performed by comparison, between experimental results and simulation results. Three different phases are taken into consideration in order to make a study of a frontal collision: pre-collision, collision and post-collision.
Numerical analysis and evaluation of a semi-heavy guardrail system
Authors: Gheres M I , Cordos N , Todorut A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The continuous increase in traffic accidents, following the rise in the number of vehicles in traffic and their speed, requires the development of research on the design of active and passive safety systems. This research mainly aims to compare the performance of commonly used passive safety systems (semi-heavy W-beam guardrails) mounted on roadside and pedestrian bridges to protect vehicles and pedestrians. It is intended to reduce the deformations of the vehicle upon impact with the protective device mounted between the roadside and the pedestrian area for the protection of the vehicle occupants; reduce the parapet working width for the pedestrian’s safety; and maintain the vehicle’s trajectory from the moment of impact to the final movement, between the guardrail and the median axis of the road, to ensure the protection of other road users. A CAD model of the vehicle-guardrail scenario was developed to achieve these objectives. Load simulation cases are performed using the finite element method according to the European standards SR EN 1317 for impact tests of vehicles - TB 42, recommended for semi-heavy guardrails.
Seat belt modelling and testing through virtual prototyping
Authors: Stănciuc-Oţăt O V , Dumitru I , Tutunea D , Florescu B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Road safety requires optimal collaboration and coordination between several factors directly or indirectly involved in order to ensure safety for all public road users within a national transport system. Within this system the tasks of each component must be very clearly defined and regulated so that the whole system functions properly. The paper presents a case study on the operation of the driver restraint system in the driving position. For this purpose, the three-point seat belt was modeled using the LS-Dyna software package. For the proposed analysis, the seat belt with grip on the central pillar of the vehicle was considered. This type of seat belt is the most common passive safety system in series vehicles.
Analysis of the aerodynamic performance of truck semi-trailers
Authors: Vieru E M , Stan C , Ilea L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the last time, trucks have shown a very high interest in terms of their technical and fuel consumption performance. Prioritizing the phenomenon of having trucks that transport as much, as quickly and as economically as possible, this represent a new challenge for industry and engineering, which are in continuous development. The attempt to create a bridge as stable as possible between technical and consumer performance is supported by the multitude of areas that, based on studies and experimental trials, allow optimization without interfering, substantially, with the actual transport of the goods (loading capacities and transport). The main objective of this paper is to present the possibility of improving the aerodynamic performance of trucks, focusing on semi-trailers. For this study, a truck modelled at one to one scale was used, whose aerodynamic performance was verified in the virtual environment (CFD–Computational Fluid Dynamics); this environment has the possibility to test several geometric models without requiring the layout of a vehicle in physical form. To check the performance, a basic model was created, a conventional truck (tractor unit with semi-trailer), to which various semi-trailer modifications were made, such as: total and partial coverage of the side areas, idea to create a more aerodynamic profile of the semi-trailer in the back and the addition of fairings under the platform (underbody of the semi-trailer). The results describe the impact these elements have and allow the visualization of the possible future profile that is as aerodynamic as possible for semi-trailers (therefore also for trucks) from both theoretical and technical point of view. Through the proposed improvements the capacity and the transport of the goods is not affected, in a significant way so it can be said that there is the possibility of implementation in the industry.
Considerations on traffic management in isolated intersections
Authors: Dragu V , Oprea F C , Roman E A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The continuous growth in the number of motor vehicles in major cities, combined with a stagnant development of road infrastructure, has caused traffic congestion and a range of negative direct and indirect effects. Even if measures were proposed to improve the road infrastructure, such as increasing connectivity or the size of the roads, the benefits would only be temporary, as it is well known that any infrastructure improvement will attract new traffic. The aim of this study is to identify traffic management measures at conflict points in road infrastructure that can improve traffic flow parameters. The study categorizes conflict points as either saturated or unsaturated intersections in order to determine a precise mathematical model for the timing of traffic light cycles that is suitable for local traffic conditions. The theoretical assertions are supported by a case study and conclusions and recommendations are formulated for use in the practice of traffic lights at isolated intersections.
Research on the influence of traffic conditions on noise level in the passenger compartment of motor vehicles
Authors: Neamțu G , Țîțu A M , Boroiu A A , Boroiu A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The research investigates the noise levels measured in the passenger compartments of several automobiles. These vehicles are powered by various engines, travel on various highways, and function at differing speeds and acceleration. The results are visually processed using specialist software. The study investigates the effects of three major sources of automotive noise: engine operation, tire-road contact, and friction between the car body and the air. The immis noise in the passenger compartment is reported to be mostly impacted by the engine’s operational characteristics (load and speed) at lower speeds. In contrast, as travel speed increases, the noise produced by tire-road contact becomes more substantial, and at greater speeds, the noise produced by the interaction between the car body and the air becomes more significant. As a result, the engine type, tire and road characteristics, vehicle speed, and passenger compartment acoustic insulation are all important elements in influencing noise emission in the passenger compartment.
Symmetric function generalizations of the 𝑞-Baker–Forrester ex-conjecture and Selberg-type integrals
Authors: Xin Guoce , Zhou Yue 
Published: March 2024

It is well-known that the famous Selberg integral is equivalent to the Morris constant term identity. In 1998, Baker and Forrester conjectured a generalization of the

q
q

-Morris constant term identity[J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 81 (1998), pp. 69–87]. This conjecture was proved and extended by Károlyi, Nagy, Petrov, and Volkov (KNPV) in 2015 [Adv. Math. 277 (2015), pp. 252–282]. In this paper, we obtain two symmetric function generalizations of the

q
q

-Baker–Forrester ex-conjecture. These include: (i) a

q
q

-Baker–Forrester type constant term identity for a product of a complete symmetric function and a Macdonald polynomial; (ii) a complete symmetric function generalization of KNPV’s result.
Reclassification of a reveromycin-producer and the proposals of Actinacidiphila reveromycinica sp. nov. and Actinacidiphila acidipaludis comb. nov.
Authors: Komaki Hisayuki , Takagi Hiroshi , Takahashi Shunji , Osada Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Streptomyces sp. SN-593, a reveromycin-producer, was previously thought to belong to the genus Streptomyces based on the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics. In this paper, we re-considered its taxonomic position according to the current criteria. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belongs to the genus Actinacidiphila. In multilocus sequence and phylogenomic analyses, the strain SN-593 represented a distinct evolutionary lineage within this genus and its closest neighbor was A. yanglinensis. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization indicated that the strain shares less than 32% DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strains of closely related species, confirming this strain is a novel genomospecies. According to its phenotypic distinctiveness from the closest neighbor, we propose Actinacidiphila reveromycinica sp. nov. for the strain SN-593T. Additionally, as Streptomyces acidipaludis belonged to the genus Actinacidiphila in these analyses, it should be transferred to the genus, for which Actinacidiphila acidipaludis comb. nov. is proposed.
A variance-partitioning approach for assessing mate choice and which sex controls mating behavior
Authors: Han Chang S , Hyun Hyoseul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Mating behavior arises from interactions between males and females. The precopulatory stage includes various male and female mating behaviors that are potentially influenced (independently or jointly) by each sex, thereby shaping the dynamics of this stage. However, limited attention has been given to determining the relative contributions of males and females to the expression of precopulatory behaviors. Here, we adopted a variance-partitioning approach to assess which sex controls each precopulatory behavior. This approach also enabled us to evaluate the existence of mate choice by assessing whether the expression of precopulatory behavior depends on the identity of the opposite-sex partner. In our study, using the bean bug Riptortus pedestris, we exposed individual males and females to different opposite-sex partners (i.e., mating assays) up to six times. During the mating assay, we measured multiple precopulatory behaviors (e.g., latency to mount, courtship rate, courtship duration, and duration of position change). Variance partitioning showed that the variation in each precopulatory behavior could be attributed solely to either sex but not to both sexes. Hence, the precopulatory stage of R. pedestris comprises a combination of male-controlled and female-controlled behaviors. We also suggested that mate choice was absent in both sexes of R. pedestris in the postmounting and precopulatory stages. Our findings highlight the importance of the variance-partitioning approach in the study of mating behavior, as it facilitates the investigation of whether mate choice occurs at specific mating stages and enhances our understanding of evolutionary dynamics during mating.
Cognitive flexibility in a generalist raptor: a comparative analysis along an urbanization gradient
Authors: Biondi Laura Marina , Medina Aanalía , Bonetti Eugenia Andrea , Paterlini Carla Angela , Bó María Susana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the variation in cognitive flexibility in the Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango), across areas with different levels of urbanization. To assess this, we utilized the reversal learning assay which measures the ability to adapt behavior in response to changes in environmental contingencies. We also investigated the impact of neophobia on this variation. All chimangos studied succeeded in acquiring a color-reward association and reverting this learned association when the contingencies changed. Urban chimangos were faster than their rural and suburban counterparts during the initial discrimination and reversal phases. The reversal phase proved to be the most challenging task. The analysis of the errors made during this phase revealed that acquiring a new association (i.e. regressive errors) was challenging for the individuals studied, in comparison to inhibiting a previously learned one (i.e. perseverative errors). Neophobia was found to be lower in urban individuals compared to suburban and rural raptors. Moreover, neophobia showed a correlation with regressive errors during the reversal phase among rural and suburban chimangos, while no such correlation was observed among city-dwelling chimangos. We suggest that neophobia acted as a regulating factor of cognitive flexibility, mainly for individuals expressing relatively high levels of this personality trait.
Negotiating Access to Hard-to-Reach Populations through Institutional Gatekeepers in Social Work Research
Authors: Gřundělová Barbora , Broskevičová Zuzana , Kowolová Iveta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Institutional gatekeepers play an increasingly important role in social work research, and their involvement in the research process is essential for the development of a usable knowledge base. This article explores the experience of recruiting participants through institutional gatekeepers for research on hard-to-reach populations in social work. The article aims to find out how researchers negotiate access to research participants with institutional gatekeepers. A qualitative research strategy was used to accomplish this goal. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews with researchers revealed that the researchers enter into negotiations with institutional gatekeepers with some idea of the challenges and risks, but in part they enter into the unknown and are forced to make situational assessments in joint interactions. Research evolves and transforms based on how the researcher moves through the research process, what types of gatekeepers the researcher seeks at different stages of the research process and for what purpose. We identified three basic forms of negotiating access with institutional gatekeepers: logistical assistance, barter transaction and trust-based collaboration. This article looks at the different kinds of relationships that exist between researchers, gatekeepers and hard-to-reach population. It examines the power dynamics involved in the recruitment of marginalised groups through gatekeepers in social work research.
From data to diagnosis: skin cancer image datasets for artificial intelligence
Authors: Wen David , Soltan Andrew , Trucco Emanuele , Matin Rubeta N 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) solutions for skin cancer diagnosis continue to gain momentum, edging closer towards broad clinical use. These AI models, particularly deep-learning architectures, require large digital image datasets for development. This review provides an overview of the datasets used to develop AI algorithms and highlights the importance of dataset transparency for the evaluation of algorithm generalizability across varying populations and settings. Current challenges for curation of clinically valuable datasets are detailed, which include dataset shifts arising from demographic variations and differences in data collection methodologies, along with inconsistencies in labelling. These shifts can lead to differential algorithm performance, compromise of clinical utility, and the propagation of discriminatory biases when developed algorithms are implemented in mismatched populations. Limited representation of rare skin cancers and minoritized groups in existing datasets are highlighted, which can further skew algorithm performance. Strategies to address these challenges are presented, which include improving transparency, representation and interoperability. Federated learning and generative methods, which may improve dataset size and diversity without compromising privacy, are also examined. Lastly, we discuss model-level techniques that may address biases entrained through the use of datasets derived from routine clinical care. As the role of AI in skin cancer diagnosis becomes more prominent, ensuring the robustness of underlying datasets is increasingly important.
Organoids as a tool to study homeostatic and pathological immune–epithelial interactions in the gut
Authors: Kromann Emma Højmose , Cearra Ainize Peña , Neves Joana F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The intestine hosts the largest immune cell compartment in the body as a result of its continuous exposure to exogenous antigens. The intestinal barrier is formed by a single layer of epithelial cells which separate immune cells from the gut lumen. Bidirectional interactions between the epithelium and the immune compartment are critical for maintaining intestinal homeostasis by limiting infection, preventing excessive immune activation, and promoting tissue repair processes. However, our understanding of epithelial–immune interactions incomplete as the complexity of in vivo models can hinder mechanistic studies, cell culture models lack the cellular heterogeneity of the intestine and when established from primary cell can be difficult to maintain. In the last decade, organoids have emerged as a reliable model of the intestine, recapitulating key cellular and architectural features of native tissues. Herein, we provide an overview of how intestinal organoids are being co-cultured with immune cells leading to substantial advances in our understanding of immune–epithelial interactions in the gut. This has enabled new discoveries of the immune contribution to epithelial maintenance and regeneration both in homeostasis and in disease such as chronic inflammation, infection and cancer. Organoids can additionally be used to generate immune cells with a tissue-specific phenotype and to investigate the impact of disease associated risk genes on the intestinal immune environment. Accordingly, this review demonstrates the multitude of applications for intestinal organoids in immunological research and their potential for translational approaches.
Conspecific cues mediate habitat selection and reproductive performance in a haplodiploid spider mite
Authors: Weerawansha Nuwan , Wang Qiao , He Xiong Zhao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Selection of a suitable habitat by animals before settlement is critical for their survival and reproduction. In silk-spinning arthropods like spider mites, denser webs offer protection from predation and serve as a dispersal mode. Settling in habitats with the presence of conspecifics and silk webs can benefit the habitat-searching females. Silk and conspecifics usually coexist, but their distinct effects on female colonization have received little attention. In this study, we used a haplodiploid spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae), to examine the impact of conspecific cues, including cues from ovipositing conspecifics and silk, on habitat selection and subsequent reproductive performance of females. Results show that females significantly preferred habitats with cues from neighboring conspecifics and silk and neighboring conspecifics induced additive effect to that of silk on habitat selection. Conspecific cues did not boost female reproduction but facilitated females laying larger eggs that were more likely to be fertilized and to develop into daughters. When given a choice between silk-covered and clean habitats, females preferred silk-covered habitats, laid a similar number of eggs with similar size, but produced more daughters, suggesting that T. ludeni females can adjust the size threshold for fertilization in response to the current social environment. Knowledge of this study improves our understanding of spider mite habitat selection and post-settlement reproductive performance behaviors.
Colesevelam has no acute effect on postprandial GLP-1 levels but abolishes gallbladder refilling
Authors: Gether Ida M , Bahne Emilie , Nerild Henriette H , Rehfeld Jens F , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J , Vilsbøll Tina , Sonne David P , Knop Filip K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Colesevelam, a bile acid sequestrant approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia, improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that single-dose colesevelam increases postprandial GLP-1 secretion, thus, reducing postprandial glucose excursions in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Further, we explored the effects of single-dose colesevelam on ultrasonography-assessed postprandial gallbladder motility, paracetamol absorption (proxy for gastric emptying), and circulating factors known to affect gallbladder motility.

Methods
In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 12 individuals with type 2 diabetes (mean ± SD: age 61 ± 8.8 years; body mass index 29.8 ± 3.0 kg/m2) were subjected to 4 mixed meal tests on separate days; 2 with orally administered colesevelam (3.75 g) and 2 with placebo, with intravenous infusion of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39)NH2 or saline.

Results
Single-dose colesevelam had no effect on postprandial concentrations of glucose (P = .786), C-peptide (P = .440), or GLP-1 (P = .729), and exendin(9-39)NH2 administration revealed no GLP-1-mediated effects of colesevelam. Colesevelam did not affect gallbladder emptying but abolished gallbladder refilling (P = .001), increased postprandial cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion (P = .010), and decreased postprandial serum concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) (P = .035) and bile acids (P = .043).

Conclusion
Single-dose colesevelam had no effect on postprandial GLP-1 responses or glucose tolerance but disrupted postprandial gallbladder refilling by increasing CCK secretion and reducing circulating concentrations of FGF19 and bile acids. These findings leave the antidiabetic actions of colesevelam unresolved but provide mechanistic insights into its effect on gallbladder motility.