bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capillary isoelectric focusing hyphenated to single‐ and multistage matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry using automated sheath‐flow‐assisted sample deposition
Authors: Lechner Michael , Seifner Alexandra , Rizzi Andreas M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper CIEF combined with MALDI‐MS is described using a sheath‐liquid‐assisted automatic sample deposition from the separation capillary onto a MALDI target. Sample/matrix preparation techniques on the target resembling the dried droplet and the thin layer methods were evaluated in the context of the automatic spotting. Volatile buffers were used as IEF catholyte solutions. Test samples consisting of tryptic peptides, glycopeptides, and phosphopeptides of well‐known proteins showed that CIEF‐MALDI‐MS can be used as effective preseparation method prior to MS, allowing to obtain the amino acid sequence coverage of proteins similar to that achieved with CZE‐MALDI‐MS and CZE‐ESI‐MS. Particularly, completeness and reliability of glycopeptide analysis is much enhanced by the preseparation. The effect is less pronounced but still significantly found with phosphopeptides present in the test protein. Finally, a test sample of five standard proteins demonstrates the suitability of this technique also for the treatment of intact proteins. This technique has potential to emerge as a faster method analogous and complementary to 2‐DE and to IPG‐IEF‐MALDI‐MS demonstrated before by the group of Loo [1].
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray ionization‐ion trap‐mass spectrometry analysis of pyrrolo‐ and pyrido[1,2‐a]azepine alkaloids in Stemona
Authors: Sturm Sonja , Schinnerl Johann , Greger Harald , Stuppner Hermann 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStemona alkaloids represent an outstanding class of natural compounds due to their pharmacological profile and their complex and unusual molecular structures. The aim of this study was the development of the first CE method for the separation, identification and quantification of these pyrrolo‐ and pyrido[1,2‐a]azepine derivatives in three Stemona species. The best results were obtained with a NACE‐ESI‐IT‐MS method, utilizing an electrolyte of 50 mM ammonium acetate, 1 M acetic acid and 10% methanol in ACN and a separation voltage of 30 kV. Samples were injected voltage‐assisted with 20 kV for 1 s. Isopropanol:water (1:1) was used as ESI sheath liquid at a flow rate of 3 µL/min. The assay was applied for the qualitative profiling of Stemona alkaloids in S. curtisii, S. collinsae and S. tuberosa. For unambiguous peak assignment of more than forty unidentified alkaloids MS/MS experiments were performed and fragmentation patterns studied. Subsequently the method was validated for the quantitative determination of four selected derivatives (RSD inter‐ and intraday <6%, LODs <7.5 µg/mL, LOQs <25.0 µg/mL, for all analytes, recovery rates >98.9%) in several Stemona sp. extracts.
Redistribution of archaeological assemblages in plowzones
Authors: Navazo Marta , Díez Carlos 
Published: April 2008

AbstractArchaeological surface surveys have located open‐air sites on cropland in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain). To what degree agricultural disturbances have impacted archaeological site integrity is poorly defined and may greatly affect interpretations of prehistoric land use. This paper presents the results of three experiments concerned with the effects of tillage on artifact distribution, focusing specifically on lateral and vertical artifact displacement. We demonstrate highly variable horizontal displacement of artifacts by plowing and overall downward movement of lithic materials within the soil. This results in an expansion of site boundaries and reduction of surface artifact density, yielding a biased and unrepresentative picture of past human activity. More experimental studies are needed to better define agricultural disturbances to surface archaeological assemblages. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geoarchaeological study of the Phoenician cemetery of Tyre‐Al Bass (Lebanon) and geomorphological evolution of a tombolo
Authors: Carmona Pilar , Ruiz José Miguel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe geoarchaeological record of the Phoenician necropolis of Al Bass (Lebanon) provides information concerning the geomorphological evolution of a late Holocene tombolo. Physical and chemical analysis of sediments indicates that the cemetery (9th century B.C.) was located near a littoral lagoon, between the dunes of a cuspate spit pointing toward the island of Tyre. From the sea apex of this spit, the moles mentioned in historical chronicles were constructed. Once mainland and island were connected, at the northern coast (where the port of Sidon was located), a sediment trap was formed, which quickly filled with silt. Afterwards, an extensive field of sand dunes buried all the archaeological remains from Phoenician to Roman times. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stratigraphic landscape analysis: Charting the Holocene movements of the Nile at Karnak through ancient Egyptian time
Authors: Bunbury J. M. , Graham A. , Hunter M. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGeological analysis of 5–10‐m‐long sediment cores in the context of the anthropologically derived materials within them has allowed us to identify ancient landscape features in the Theban area around Luxor, Egypt. From these observations we propose a sequence of island formation and northwestward movement of the Nile from the Middle Kingdom onward in the area of the temple complexes of Karnak. The geoarchaeological techniques used appear to document the Holocene lateral migration and vertical aggradation of the Nile. Our method can be used to test postulated movements and is applicable to sites in river or coastal plains where sediments were being deposited during the occupation of the site. The sediments were sieved to retrieve sherds and numerous other small items (2 mm and larger), which included worked stone fragments, rootlet concretions (rhizocretions), desert polished sand grains, and occasionally beads. The small stone fragments can be correlated with buildings and sherds of known age within the site, while the rhizocretions and desert sand grains indicate environmental conditions prevailing at the time of deposition. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nuclear receptor cofactor receptor interacting protein 140 controls hepatic triglyceride metabolism during wasting in mice
Authors: Diaz Mauricio Berriel , Krones-Herzig Anja , Metzger Dagmar , Ziegler Anja , Vegiopoulos Alexandros , Klingenspor Martin , Müller-Decker Karin , Herzig Stephan 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

In mammals, triglycerides (TG) represent the most concentrated form of energy. Aberrant TG storage and availability are intimately linked to the negative energy balance under severe clinical conditions, such as starvation, sepsis, or cancer cachexia. Despite its crucial role for energy homeostasis, molecular key determinants of TG metabolism remain enigmatic. Here we show that the expression of nuclear receptor cofactor receptor interacting protein (RIP) 140 was induced in livers of starved, septic, and tumor-bearing mice. Liver-specific knockdown of RIP140 led to increased hepatic TG release and alleviated hepatic steatosis in tumor-bearing, cachectic animals. Indeed, hepatic RIP140 was found to control the expression of lipid-metabolizing genes in liver.

Conclusion:

By preventing the mobilization of hepatic TG stores, the induction of RIP140 in liver provides a molecular rationale for hepatic steatosis in starvation, sepsis, or cancer cachexia. Inhibition of hepatic RIP140 transcriptional activity might, thereby, provide an attractive adjunct scheme in the treatment of these conditions. (Hepatology 2008.)
Diminished 5‐HT functioning in CBCL pediatric bipolar disorder‐profiled ADHD patients versus normal ADHD: susceptibility to rapid tryptophan depletion influences reaction time performance
Authors: Zepf F. D. , Wöckel L. , Poustka F. , Holtmann M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveThere is a current debate on characterizing children with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) through a profile within the child behaviour checklist (CBCL), and on the involvement of the 5‐HT system in the underlying neurobiological processes of PBD. The aim of the present paper was to investigate reaction time performance in patients with CBCL‐PBD and to discriminate ADHD from ADHD with CBCL‐PBD with respect to diminished 5‐HT functioning and reaction time.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with ADHD received the rapid tryptophan depletion test (RTD) thus lowering the central‐nervous 5‐HT synthesis rate within a placebo‐controlled double‐blind within‐subject crossover design. Reaction time was assessed using a competitive reaction time game with low and high provocation after both depletion and placebo intake. The study sample was divided into high and low scorers according to their CBCL‐PBD scores.ResultsComparing those six patients with the highest and clinically significant CBCL‐PBD scores versus those six patients with the lowest, patients with a high CBCL‐PBD score showed a slower reaction time under RTD compared to patients with low CBCL‐PBD scores after high provocation. CBCL‐‘aggression’ discriminated between the two groups.ConclusionsThe results suggest alterations in 5‐HT functioning in CBCL‐PBD‐spectrum patients, and ‘aggression’ as a potential moderator variable to ADHD. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the non‐linear hydrological behaviour of a small Mediterranean forested catchment
Authors: Medici C. , Butturini A. , Bernal S. , Vázquez E. , Sabater F. , Vélez J. I. , Francés F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA progressive perceptual understanding approach was used to identify a model structure able to represent the non‐linear behaviour of the hydrological cycle in a small intermittent Mediterranean stream. The initial lumped model structure consisting of a series of four connected water tanks (LU3) progressed to a model with five tanks (LU4), and finally to a semidistributed model structure (SD4) in which spatial variability of the evapotranspiration according to the vegetation cover and to the local aspect was considered. In the final model structure, which gave the best fit (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency index = 0·78), an additional tank representing the riparian zone was included (SD4‐R). Results showed that the abrupt changes of the riparian water table during summer and the formation of a perched water table during the transition from dry to wet conditions were the main mechanisms leading to the non‐linear hydrological behaviour. The transpiration process from the saturated zone and the spatial variability of evapotranspiration resulted in key factors successfully representing the annual water balance. The spatial and temporal validations carried out for each of the four model structures considered in this study supported the hypothesis adopted during the calibration process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of preferential flow on hillslope hydrology in a semi‐arid watershed (in the Spanish Dehesas)
Authors: van Schaik N. L. M. B. , Schnabel S. , Jetten V. G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPreferential flow is known to influence hillslope hydrology in many areas around the world. Most research on preferential flow has been performed in temperate regions. Preferential infiltration has also been found in semi‐arid regions, but its impact on the hydrology of these regions is poorly known. The aim of this study is to describe and quantify the influence of preferential flow on the hillslope hydrology from small scale (infiltration) to large scale (subsurface stormflow) in a semi‐arid Dehesa landscape. Precipitation, soil moisture content, piezometric water level and discharge data were used to analyse the hydrological functioning of a catchment in Spain. Variability of soil moisture content during the transition from dry to wet season (September to November) within horizontal soil layers leads to the conclusion that there is preferential infiltration into the soils. When the rainfall intensity is high, a water level rapidly builds up in the piezometer pipes in the area, sometimes even reaching soil surface. This water level also drops back to bedrock within a few hours (under dry catchment conditions) to days (under wet catchment conditions). As the soil matrix is not necessarily wet while this water layer is built up, it is thought to be a transient water table in large connected pores which drain partly to the matrix, partly fill up bedrock irregularities and partly drain through subsurface flow to the channels. When the soil matrix becomes wetter the loss of water from macropores to the matrix and bedrock decreases and subsurface stormflow increases. It may be concluded that the hillslope hydrological system consists of a fine matrix domain and a macropore domain, which have their own flow characteristics but which also interact, depending on the soil matrix and macropore moisture contents. The macropore flow can result in subsurface flow, ranging from 13% contribution to total discharge for a large event of high intensity rainfall or high discharge to 80% of total discharge for a small event with low intensity rainfall or low discharge. During large events the fraction of subsurface stormflow in the discharge is suppressed by the large amount of surface runoff. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotype‐specific inhibitors of the glycolytic key regulator pyruvate kinase subtype M2 moderately decelerate tumor cell proliferation
Authors: Spoden Gilles A. , Mazurek Sybille , Morandell Dieter , Bacher Nicole , Ausserlechner Michael J. , Jansen‐Dürr Pidder , Eigenbrodt Erich , Zwerschke Werner 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTumor cells express the glycolytic regulator pyruvate kinase subtype M2 (M2‐PK), which can occur in a tetrameric form with high affinity to its substrate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and a dimeric form with a low PEP affinity. The transition between both conformations contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation and survival. Here we targeted M2‐PK by synthetic peptide aptamers, which specifically bind to M2‐PK and shift the isoenzyme into its low affinity dimeric conformation. The aptamer‐induced dimerization and inactivation of M2‐PK led to a significant decrease in the PK mass‐action ratio as well as ATP:ADP ratio in the target cells. Furthermore, the expression of M2‐PK‐binding peptide aptamers moderately reduced the growth of immortalized NIH3T3 cell populations by decelerating cell proliferation, but without affecting apoptotic cell death. Moreover, the M2‐PK‐binding peptide aptamers also reduced the proliferation rate of human U‐2 OS osteosarcoma cells. In the present study, we developed the first specific inhibitors of the pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 and present evidence that these inhibitors moderately decelerate tumor cell proliferation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung cancer epigenetics and genetics
Authors: Risch Angela , Plass Christoph 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death and thus a major health problem. The efficiency of current treatment modalities for lung cancer depends strongly on the time of diagnosis, with better chances of survival if a tumor has been detected at an early stage. Thus, there is an urgent need for rapid and efficient early detection methods. Biomarkers represent a possible alternative to current, rather expensive, screening tools such as spiral computer tomography (CT), or may allow the identification of high risk groups for whom screening would be cost efficient. Although most lung cancers are the consequence of smoking, a substantial fraction of molecular‐epidemiological studies point to high‐prevalence, low‐penetrance genetic polymorphisms as modifiers of environmental lung cancer risk. In the past the genomics field has also made significant advances in identifying genetic lesions that can now be harvested with the goal of identifying novel biomarkers for lung cancer. Furthermore, the importance of epigenetic changes that occur during lung cancer development has been reported, but has been underestimated in the past. Novel high‐throughput, quantitative assays for the detection of DNA methylation or histone tail modifications are now applied, to search for alterations in the lung cancer genome and will identify novel cancer‐related genes that may become attractive targets for treatment, provide new insight into the biology of lung cancers, and could also become useful biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer in sputum, or may be used as prognostic markers. Thus, an integrative approach in lung cancer research combining epidemiological, genetic and epigenetic information becomes an important concept for the future. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modes of action of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitors azacytidine and decitabine
Authors: Stresemann Carlo , Lyko Frank 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe cytosine analogues 5‐azacytosine (azacytidine) and 2′‐deoxy‐5‐azacytidine (decitabine) are the currently most advanced drugs for epigenetic cancer therapies. These compounds function as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and have shown substantial potency in reactivating epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes in vitro. However, it has been difficult to define the mode of action of these drugs in patients and it appears that clinical responses are influenced both by epigenetic alterations and by apoptosis induction. To maximize the clinical efficacy of azacytidine and decitabine it will be important to understand the molecular changes induced by these drugs. In this review, we examine the pharmacological properties of azanucleosides and their interactions with various cellular pathways. Because azacytidine and decitabine are prodrugs, an understanding of the cellular mechanisms mediating transmembrane transport and metabolic activation will be critically important for optimizing patient responses. We also discuss the mechanism of DNA methyltransferase inhibition and emphasize the need for the identification of predictive biomarkers for the further advancement of epigenetic therapies. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histone deacetylases as transducers and targets of nuclear signaling
Authors: Walkinshaw Donald R. , Tahmasebi Soroush , Bertos Nicholas R. , Yang Xiang‐Jiao 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHistone deacetylase (HDAC) activity was first discovered about 40 years ago, but it was not until the molecular identification of the first HDACs in 1996 that this family of enzymes gained prominence. In addition to histones, HDACs reverse lysine acetylation of various non‐histone proteins located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Here, we examine the nuclear roles of these enzymes, with a specific focus on their active crosstalk with different chromatin regulators. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1541–1552, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Centromeres in cell division, evolution, nuclear organization and disease
Authors: Gonçalves dos Santos Silva Amanda , Sarkar Rahul , Harizanova Jana , Guffei Amanda , Mowat Michael , Garini Yuval , Mai Sabine 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAs the spindle fiber attachment region of the chromosome, the centromere has been investigated in a variety of contexts. Here, we will review current knowledge about this unique chromosomal region and its relevance for proper cell division, speciation, and disease. Understanding the three‐dimensional organization of centromeres in normal and tumor cells is just beginning to emerge. Multidisciplinary research will allow for new insights into its normal and aberrant nuclear organization and may allow for new therapeutic interventions that target events linked to centromere function and cell division. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 2040–2058, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gliotoxin enhances radiotherapy via inhibition of radiation‐induced GADD45a, p38, and NFκB activation
Authors: Hur Jung‐Mu , Yun Hye‐Jeong , Yang Soo‐Hyung , Lee Woo‐Yiel , Joe Min‐ho , Kim Dongho 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying the enhancement of radiosensitivity to 60Co γ‐irradiation in human hepatoma cell line HepG2 pretreated with gliotoxin. Enhancement of radiotherapy by gliotoxin was investigated in vitro with human hepatoma HepG2 cell line. Apoptosis related proteins were evaluated by Western blotting. Annexin V/PI and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified by Flow Cytometric (FACS) analysis. Gliotoxin (200 ng/ml) combined with radiation (4 Gy) treated cells induced apoptosis. Cells treated with gliotoxin (200 ng/ml) prior to irradiation at 4 Gy induced the expression of bax and nitric oxide (NO). The gliotoxin‐irradiated cells also increased caspase‐3 activation and ROS. Gadd45a, p38, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activated in irradiated cells was inhibited by Gliotoxin. Specific inhibitors of p38 kinase, SB203580, significantly inhibited NFκB activation and increased the cytotoxicity effect in cells exposed to gliotoxin combined with irradiation. However, SB203580 did not suppress the activation of Gadd45a in irradiated cells. Gliotoxin inhibited anti‐apoptotic signal pathway involving the activation of Gadd45a‐p38‐NFκB mediated survival pathway that prevent radiation‐induced cell death. Therefore, gliotoxin, blocking inflammation pathway and enhancing irradiation‐induced apoptosis, is a promising agent to increase the radiotherapy of tumor cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 2174–2184, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peer victimization and depression among Hong Kong adolescents
Authors: Cheng Sheung‐Tak , Cheung Kelvin C. C. , Cheung Chau‐kiu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe present study examined the gender differences in the relationship between victimization and depression, as well as in the buffering effect of social support, in Hong Kong adolescents. Based on social role theory, we predicted (a) that victimization would be associated with higher depression in boys than in girls, and (b) that social support would have a stronger buffering effect in boys than in girls. Results showed that boys reported more victimizations than girls, and victimization was slightly more strongly associated with depressive symptoms in boys than in girls. Parental support had a direct effect on depression, but no buffering effect. A buffering effect was found for friend support, but only in boys; high support from friends was associated with fewer depressive symptoms at high levels of victimization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64:766–776, 2008.