bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Polyherbal extract treats Streptozotocin induced Diabetes mellitus: Pharmacognostic study, HPLC analysis and in vivo antidiabetic activity
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Sharma Rahul Kumar , Baljeet Singh  , Kaur Navdeep , Sharma Shailesh 
Published: April 2024

The plants used in study have been used traditionally for various purposes skin problems, diabetes, astringent, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective activities, anthelmintic, antipyretic, antidysentric, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancer properties. The present study involves the evaluation of pharmacognostic parameters of the four herbal drugs (Azadirachta indica leaves, Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood, Picrorhiza kurroa rhizomes, and Withania coagulans berries and fruit coat), High performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as antidiabetic activity of polyherbal extract. The qualitative as well as quantitative analysis was done. The drug was given to Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats in doses 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. In HPLC analysis it was found that major component in all the extracts was beta carotene along with hesperidin, tannic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid along with other polyphenolic components responsible for the antioxidant activity as well as antidiabetic activity of polyherbal extract. Rats were found to show an increase in body weight, improved blood sugar levels and hemoglobin. The liver glycogen, total proteins, serum lipid profile were restored back to normal range after using the polyherbal extract in diabetic rats. The histopathological study also shows an improvement in diabetic rats at cellular level. The results were found to be dose dependent.
Comparative antioxidant activity of Sesame root and leaf extract - An In-vitro study
Authors: R Gomathi , TN Uma Maheswari , S Rajesh Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Universe has millions and millions of plants, but not all the plants have medicinal values. One such gift from nature is Sesame and is crowned as the “Queen of oilseed crops” due to its various medical properties like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti- microbial etc. This research paper aims to compare the antioxidant activity of sesame leaf extract and sesame root extract with the standard ascorbic acid using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assay. Different concentrations of the extracts and ascorbic acid were prepared (10 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL, 30 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL), and the antioxidant activity was measured. The results indicate that both sesame leaf extract and sesame root extract exhibit antioxidant activity, with sesame leaf extract showing slightly higher activity than sesame root extract. The findings suggest that sesame leaf extract has potential as a natural antioxidant source and could be used as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants. Overall, this study provides valuable information on the potential health benefits of sesame extracts and highlights the importance of natural antioxidants in preventing free radical damage and associated diseases.
Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Screening of Shoot Extracts of Viola odorata linn. from Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Dhiman Sunny , Dahiya Dev Prakash , Sharma Saurabh 
Published: April 2024

The traditional healers made significant use of the Viola odorata of the Violaceae family for its many ethnopharmacological uses. The phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of solvent extracts from Viola odorata shoots were studied, and the antibacterial potential of the optimized extract was also examined. The Soxhlet apparatus was used to extract phytochemicals from shoots in four different solvents, including n-hexane, butanol, methanol, and water. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the stigmasterol profile of V. odorata shoots. The extracts were found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and phenolics, all of which were found in significant amounts in the methanolic extract. The methanolic extract also showed the highest radical scavenging activity (79.23 ± 0.44 %). TLC and HPLC profiling of methanolic extract revealed a considerable amount of stigmasterol in the shoots of Viola odorata. HPLC analysis of the methanolic shoot extract of the plant revealed the presence of 0.009 µg mL-1 stigmasterol. Optimized Methanolic extract showed respectable in-vitro antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis (2.6 ± 0.41 mm zone of inhibition), E. coli (3.4 ± 0.71 mm zone of inhibition), and Candida albicans (3.5 ± 0.48 mm zone of inhibition). The outcomes demonstrated that the methanolic shoot extract of Viola odorata from Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh, India, is a valuable herb for further screening and might be prepared for in-vivo animal studies.
Fighting COVID-19: A Study to Compare Viable Treatment Options across Different Medical Systems
Authors: Bhapkar Vedvati , Bhalerao Supriya 
Published: April 2024

During COVID-19, while many drugs from conventional medicine (CM) were falling short, those from Ayurveda, Siddha, Herbal Medicine, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) showed promising potential. The published recovery-aimed clinical studies on medicines from above-mentioned systems were retrieved. For CM, meta-analyses of studies using ICMR-protocol drugs, viz. hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, favipiravir, ivermectin & remdesivir were searched. For other systems, preferably active-controlled, stand-alone studies, were considered. Their general characteristics, efficacy and safety outcomes were documented. The outcomes were evaluated on basis of a methodology inspired from ‘WHO-Minimal common outcome measure set for COVID-19 clinical research’. The CM drugs were utilized either in multiple combinations or independently. Most studied combination was HCQ and azithromycin. HCQ efficacy was studied in biggest sample. These drugs did not exhibit significant efficacy for early clinical recovery and viral clearance. The adverse event (AE) incidences were also prominent. Barring TCM, studies using Ayurveda regime Tab. Immunofree and Cap. Regimmune and CVO+C, were done in only symptomatic patients. The efficacy of Tab. Immunofree- Cap. Regimmune regime was better than conventional care including azithromycin and favipiravir. The AE incidences in these studies were minimal. Medicines from alternative systems except CM exhibited better efficacy and safety in all outcome measures.
The GCMS, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of the Ayurveda oil, Balaguluchyadi Tailam
Authors: Sudhan Aparna , K Prabhu , Balakrishnan Deepalakkshmi , Jones Sumathi , Rao Mudiganthi Ramakrishna , M Kavimani 
Published: April 2024

In Ayurvedic medicine, tailas made by infusing the decoctions of holistic healing herbs in sesame or coconut oil. The current study focuses on the GC MS analysis, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of one such ayurvedic oil Balaguluchyadi tailam. The oil is recommended for the treatment of neuropathy, gout, arthritis, cataracts, headaches, and neuritis. Antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and the amount of chemicals present in the sample were all examined in the oil using GC-MS analysis. The oil had strong reducing power activity, and the IC50 for the DPPH assay was 389.4 l/ml. The oil also had a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Numerous bioactive chemicals were present, according to the GC-MS study which has anti-inflammatory properties for which balaguluchyadi tailam is recommended for providing instant relief from pain caused due to arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The taila is extremely helpful for retaining vata and rakta balance.
Jamaican Values and Foreign Policy
Authors: Golding Paul 
Published: April 2024

Dependency theory suggests that the foreign policy of small island developing countries will be congruent to the preferences and interest of larger and more powerful countries in its sphere of influence. A large body of contemporary scholarship asserts that values not only play a role in the mass public’s attitudes toward domestic politics, but that they also help people make sense of attitudes toward international affairs national values, they are influenced by factors such as historical traditions, cultural backgrounds, and the realities of the country. Internal tensions are created when a government pursues a foreign policy that is incongruent with the values of the citizens. This study examined the values of 513 Jamaican citizens using the World Value Survey and discussed these findings within the context of values theory and contemporary foreign policy issues. The secular versus religious divide helps to explain the differences in views on LBGTQ, Abortion and Promiscuity and Abstinence between Jamaica and the hegemon. There is far more congruence in values and culture as it relates to Privacy, Science and Technology, Corruption, and Security. It is important that national culture and values of dependent countries be respected by dominant countries instead of assimilating into one worldview.
The uncertainty of economic policies in the United States and its impact on the stock markets of some African countries: An empirical study with VAR modeling
Authors: Mosbah Lafi  , Hafidha Chammem  
Published: April 2024

The economic and financial integration that has taken place over the last 20 years has led to a situation where the reaction of financial markets is no longer solely due to local factors, but also to macroeconomic and financial news of regional and international origin. In this regard, we focus on the effect of the international transmission of uncertainty shocks on global stock market performance. Given that the United States is the world’s leading economic power, some studies have highlighted the adverse effects of the international propagation of US uncertainty shocks on international stock markets (Ehrmann and Fratzscher, 2009; Klobner and Sekkel, 2014; Hammoudeh et al., 2016).
Using VAR modeling, our study examines the specific impact of economic policy uncertainty in the USA on the stock markets of four African countries: Tunisia, Egypt, Morocco, and South Africa. Although geographically distant from the USA, these economies are closely integrated into the global economy and are likely to be affected by international economic and political developments, particularly those originating in the USA, a major economy and a key player on the global stage.
The Role of Government Spending in Developing the Productive Capacity of The Iraqi Economy
Authors: Muhammad Abdul-Ameer Atiyah Al-Yasi  , Harith Rahim Atiyah Al-Yasi  
Published: April 2024

The research seeks to demonstrate the impact of government spending on the productive capacity of the Iraqi economy, as the continuous increase in the volume of public spending and the adoption of the planned deficit method in the budgets of various years must reflect positively on the productive capacity of the country, so the relationship between the two variables was estimated according to the autoregressive distributed lag model ( ARDL) as it shows the relationship in the short and long terms and for the period 2004-2022, and among the results obtained is that current spending has a negative impact on the productive capacity index. This means that current spending is unproductive within its vicious circle, that is, money leaks out without generating economic returns for the country. Investment spending has a positive impact on the productive capacity index, as the average investment spending during the research period amounted to approximately (20%) of government spending, which is a very low percentage that was reflected in the weakness of the investment-based structures of the Iraqi economy, and this is what made the productive capacity index of the Iraqi economy It records a low percentage, reaching its best levels (35%), and this is consistent with the weak allocation of financial resources in investment aspects. What supports the analysis is the relationship test, which shows us that investment spending has a positive and significant effect on production capacity, but its parameter reached (0.07), which is a very low percentage. It has almost no effect. However, if a large percentage of financial resources were directed towards investment areas, this would develop projects, increase their ability to produce and productivity, and achieve high rates of GDP growth.
Therefore, the research recommends the necessity of directing government spending towards productive sectors in order to improve production capabilities and achieve sustainable development comparable to developed countries, as well as periodically monitoring and evaluating the extent of the productivity of public spending in various economic sectors in order to make it more effective.
Interpersonal Relations and Non-Academic Achievement among University Upgrading (Grade V) Teacher Students
Authors: Amongin Helen , Baguma Peter , Oonyu Joseph , Lassen Emeritus 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Given the challenges faced by distance and life-long education students engaging in non-academic activities, combined with the common assumption that adults are good at interpersonal relations, this study explores the relationship between interpersonal relations (IR) and non–academic achievement (NAA) in Ugandan universities.
Methodology: This was a qualitative study. Data included a population of teacher students from Makerere University and Uganda Christian University, Mukono and a sample of 75 upgrading Grade V teacher students from Makerere University and Uganda Christian University, Mukono, obtained through purposive sampling technique, The Researcher formulated (vetted by 07 Professors and pilot tested) Group interviews, an observation schedule for the students’ sample, and in-depth interviews for Lecturers were used to collect data.
Findings: Data was presented using tables, graphs and figures. Results showed that positive interpersonal relations were very critical in non-academic activities and thus positively influenced achievement among university upgrading (Grade V) teacher students. Data analysed using NVIVO showed that interpersonal relations were very important in terms of team spirit, group work, field activities and collegial relations. In conclusion, strengthening interpersonal relations is very important in the 21st century with research stressing collaborative approaches. The practical non-academic activities not only refresh the body but enhance positive interactions that are useful in the NAA for common purpose and goals in life.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: As a contribution to policy and practice, the study suggests that teachers need to have an all-round curriculum for training interpersonal relations for better non-academic achievement. Knowledge of negative and positive perceptions of interpersonal relations is critical for learning, training, field activities and research. Ministry of Education and Sports thus, needs to be intentional in including aspects of interpersonal relations and non-academic achievement at higher educational institutions and universities. Interpersonal relations and self-determinism theories need to be made more relevant in universities.
Domain Knowledge-Driven Relation Extraction Methods
Authors: Chen Boxuan , Yuan Guan 
Published: April 2024

Relation classification is one of the important tasks in natural language processing, which aims to determine the relationship between entities given a sentence and their respective positions. Most of the existing methods for relation classification are based on neural networks using pre-trained models such as BERT. In recent years, models based on pre-trained models like BERT have achieved excellent results in relation classification tasks in general domains. However, these methods often struggle when applied to specialized domains due to the limitations of the corpora used for BERT pre-training. Most pre-trained models are trained on text corpora from general sources like Wikipedia, which cover a wide range of domains. As a result, the content of these corpora in specific domains is limited and lacks the necessary expertise, leading to subpar performance of relation classification models in specific domains. While providing a large number of domain-specific corpora to pre-trained models could potentially address this issue, it comes with limitations such as increased computational requirements and insufficient training of specialized vocabulary. This paper proposes a method inspired by the K-BERT pre-training model to incorporate triplet knowledge from domain knowledge graphs into sentence sequences. The triplets are transformed into sentence trees and then fed into the BERT pre-trained model using absolute and relative indices. Our model has achieved an accuracy of 93.06%, which is markedly higher than that of any other baseline approach. This approach allows the incorporation of domain knowledge without significantly increasing the computational complexity. Additionally, the paper introduces a partial input method that enables the computer to understand input sentences from multiple dimensions and hierarchical levels. Experimental results on a medical domain dataset for relation classification, which includes type labels, demonstrate significant advantages over other relation classification models in terms of Accuracy.

Received: 24 January 2024 | Revised: 19 March 2024 | Accepted: 3 April 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [Github] at https://github.com/Soso6666/Classification-data.

Author Contribution Statement
Boxuan Chen: Methodology, Software, Validation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Visualization. Guan Yuan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - review & editing, Supervision, Project administration.
Secure and scalable data aggregation techniques for healthcare monitoring in WSN
Authors: Alate Mahendra , Godase Uma R. , Kumbhar Uddhav T. , Hundekari Sheela , Deshmukh Araddhana Arvind , Kumar Anil 
Published: April 2024

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are crucial in the healthcare field as they allow for the immediate monitoring and collection of data from medical sensors. The growing incorporation of WSN in healthcare requires the creation of authentication protocols that are both strong and energy-efficient. This study presents Lightweight Authentication Protocol for Cloud-based Health-care Systems (LAPCHS) using BLAKE2 designed specifically for WSN in medical settings for secure and scalable data aggregation. The proposed method tackles the difficulties presented by limited resources in sensor nodes, with the goal of achieving a careful equilibrium between strong security and effective energy usage. LAPCHS utilizes innovative techniques to improve the energy efficiency in WSN. The system employs the BLAKE2 cryptographic hash algorithm to establish robust mutual authentication and key agreement between the tag and the cloud server. The protocol is characterized by its low weight and high efficiency, rendering it appropriate for deployment in medical sensor networks with limited resources, which minimizes the need for global key distribution and decreases communication overhead. The proposed method is useful to meet the distinct needs of medical sensor networks, where energy preservation is of utmost importance to ensure extended device scalability. The findings demonstrate that LAPCHS surpasses current approaches in terms of energy efficiency and latency, while simultaneously upholding a robust level of security. The protocol’s novel strategy for managing encryption keys and selecting cryptographic algorithms makes it a promising solution for securing medical sensor networks while maintaining energy sustainability. This study makes a valuable contribution to the developing field of WSN security by proposing a practical solution for ensuring strong and energy-efficient authentication in healthcare applications.
All the People in the Bible
Authors: Losch Richard R. 
Published: April 2024

A comprehensive gathering of persons found in the Bible, including the Apocrypha, All the People in the Bible really delivers on its title: literally all of the Bible's characters appear in this fascinating reference work. From the first article on Aaron to the final entry on Zophar, Richard Losch details each person in a lively narrative style.
The bulk of the book consists of Losch's A–Z articles covering the familiar and the not-so-familiar figures in Scripture. Names of people who are found only in genealogies or who had no significant effect on history are included solely in the alphabetical listing starting on page 452. That listing, “All the People in the Bible and Apocrypha,” includes pronunciations, brief identifications, and biblical references. Persons covered in greater detail in the main part of the book are identified in bold print.
Losch's intriguing look at all the people in the Bible is anything but a dry reference work. This is a book to dip into and enjoy over and over.
TÉCNICAS DE AVALIAÇÃO CIRÚRGICA EM GASTROENTEROLOGIA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Pinto Luiza Ribeiro , Melo Caio César Coelho de , Esteves André de Oliveira , Barroso Bernardo Zaidan , Campos Lucas Lopes 
Published: April 2024

As técnicas de avaliação cirúrgica em gastroenterologia são fundamentais para o diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças complexas do sistema digestivo. A evolução dessas técnicas tem permitido intervenções mais precisas e com melhores resultados para os pacientes. A revisão sistemática em questão buscou compilar e analisar as metodologias e os avanços recentes nesse campo, destacando a importância da inovação tecnológica e da capacitação profissional na melhoria dos procedimentos cirúrgicos gastroenterológicos. Objetivo: O objetivo da revisão foi sintetizar os dados dos estudos mais recentes sobre as técnicas de avaliação cirúrgica em gastroenterologia, proporcionando uma visão abrangente dos métodos mais eficazes e seguros, bem como identificar áreas que necessitam de mais pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Metodologia: A metodologia baseou-se no checklist PRISMA, com uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science, utilizando descritores como "avaliação cirúrgica", "gastroenterologia", "endoscopia", "imagem abdominal" e "laparoscopia". Foram incluídos artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos que apresentavam estudos clínicos, revisões ou relatos de casos. Os critérios de inclusão focaram em estudos que detalham técnicas de avaliação e resultados cirúrgicos, enquanto foram excluídos artigos sem dados empíricos, relatórios sem revisão por pares e estudos com amostras não representativas. Resultados: Foram selecionados 12 estudos. Os resultados indicaram uma tendência crescente na adoção de tecnologias minimamente invasivas e na utilização de simulações computadorizadas para treinamento. Foi observado que técnicas avançadas, como a endoscopia intervencionista e a cirurgia robótica, têm contribuído para a redução de complicações pós-operatórias e para a recuperação mais rápida dos pacientes. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que as técnicas de avaliação cirúrgica em gastroenterologia têm passado por uma significativa evolução, com a incorporação de novas tecnologias e métodos de treinamento que aumentam a segurança e a eficácia dos procedimentos. A revisão destacou a necessidade contínua de pesquisa para otimizar ainda mais as técnicas cirúrgicas e melhorar os desfechos clínicos para os pacientes.