bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical extinction and blow‐up exponents for fast diffusive p‐Laplacian with sources
Authors: Yin Jingxue , Jin Chunhua 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe discuss and determine the critical extinction and blow‐up exponents for the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary value problem of the fast diffusive p‐Laplacian with sources. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Least‐squares problems for Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Authors: Hadeler K. P. , Jukić Dragan , Sabo Kristian 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe Michaelis–Menten kinetics is fundamental in chemical and physiological reaction theory. The problem of parameter identification, which is not well posed for arbitrary data, is shown to be closely related to the Chebyshev sum inequality. This inequality yields sufficient conditions for existence of feasible solutions both for nonlinear and for linear least‐squares problems. The conditions are natural and practical as they are satisfied if the data show the expected monotone and concave behaviour. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ageing male reproductive tract
Authors: Sampson N , Untergasser G , Plas E , Berger P 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAgeing of the male reproductive system is characterized by changes in the endocrine system, hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction and proliferative disorders of the prostate gland. Stochastic damage accumulating within ageing leads to progressive dysregulation at each level of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis and in local auto/paracrine interactions, thereby inducing morphological changes in reproductive target organs, such as the prostate, testis and penis. Despite age‐related changes in the HPG axis, endocrine functions are generally sufficient to maintain fertility in elderly men. Ageing of the male reproductive system can give rise to clinically relevant manifestations, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer (PCa) and erectile dysfunction (ED). In this review, we discuss morphological/histological changes occurring in these organs and current views and concepts of the underlying pathology. Moreover, we emphasize the molecular/cellular pathways leading to reduced testicular/penile function and proliferative disorders of the prostate gland. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p53: at the crossroad between cancer and ageing
Authors: Papazoglu C , Mills AA 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe p53 tumour suppressor plays an undisputed role in cancer. p53's tumour suppressive activity stems from its ability to respond to a variety of stresses to trigger cell cycle arrest, apoptosis or senescence, thereby protecting against malignant transformation. An increasing body of evidence suggests that p53 also drives organismal ageing. Although genetic models with altered p53 function display age‐related phenotypes and thus provide in vivo evidence that p53 contributes to the ageing process, p53's role in organismal ageing remains controversial. Anti‐cancer therapies that target p53 and reactivate or enhance its activity are considered good alternatives for treating various neoplasms. Therefore, it is important to determine whether these clinical approaches compromise tissue homeostasis and contribute to ageing. This review presents a number of models with altered p53 function and discusses how these models implicate p53 as part of a molecular network that integrates tumour suppression and ageing. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology, mechanisms and pathology of musculoskeletal ageing
Authors: Freemont AJ , Hoyland JA 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn general terms, the recognized alterations in circulating humoral factors (hormones, cytokines, growth factors) that occur in ageing, coupled with innate cellular senescence exaggerated by the slow turnover of many connective tissue cell populations and the age‐associated alterations in matrix molecule cross‐linking, predispose the elderly to altered connective tissue biology. These changes can be profound, leading to poor mobility, altered ability to withstand cold, weakness and an increased risk of falls, fractures and age‐associated ‘degenerative’ diseases, such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. As understanding of the causes of altered connective tissue function with age increases, it is becoming clearer that many of the predisposing factors (growth hormone, cytokines, load/life style) are potential targets for improving quality of life in the elderly. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the Size of Aromatic Chelate Ligands on the Structures of Cadmium(II) Tetracarboxylates Polymers: From 2D Layered Network to 3D Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Wang Ji‐Jiang , Yang Meng‐Lin , Hu Huai‐Ming , Xue Gang‐Lin , Li Dong‐Sheng , Shi Qi‐Zhen 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTo determine the influence of the size of the aromatic chelate ligands on the frameworks of metal tretracarboxylate polymers, two new coordination polymers [Cd(btc)0.5 (2,2′‐bpy)] (1) and [Cd(btc)0.5(phen)]·H2O (2) (H4btc = biphenyl‐3,3′,4,4′‐tetracarboxylic acid, 2,2′‐bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) have been synthesized under similar hydrothermal conditions. In complex 1, the dimeric Cd2 units are linked by bridging btc4− ligand to form a 2D layered network, whereas complex 2 possesses a 3D metal‐organic framework consisting of the dimeric Cd2 units. The differences of two metal‐organic frameworks demonstrate that the size of the rigid aromatic chelate ligands have an important effect on the structures of their complexes. Additionally, the two complexes show strong fluorescence in the solid state at room temperature.
Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS): Inter-rater and test-retest reliability and validity in a Spanish population
Authors: Roca Miguel , Martin-Santos Rocio , Saiz Jerónimo , Obiols Jordi , Serrano Maria J. , Torrens Marta , Subirà Susana , Gili Margalida , Navinés Ricard , Ibañez Angela , Nadal Marcos , Barrantes Nieves , Cañellas Francesca 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo test the reliability and validity of the DIGS in Spanish population.MethodsInter-rater and test-retest reliability of the Spanish version of DIGS was tested in 95 inpatients and outpatients. The resultant diagnoses were compared with diagnoses obtained by the LEAD (Longitudinal Expert All Data) procedure as “gold standard”. The kappa statistic was used to measure concordance between blind inter-raters and between the diagnoses obtained by LEAD procedure and through the DIGS.ResultsOverall kappa coefficient for inter-rater reliability was 0.956. The kappa value for individual diagnosis varied from major depression = 0.877 to schizophrenia = 1. Test-retest reliability was 0.926. Kappa for all individual target diagnoses ranged from 0.776 (major depression) to 1. Kappa between LEAD procedure and DIGS ranged from 0.704 (major depression) to 0.825 (bipolar I disorder).ConclusionMost of the DSM-IV major psychiatric disorders can be assessed with acceptable to excellent reliability with the Spanish version of the DIGS interview. The Spanish version of DIGS showed an acceptable to excellent concurrent validity. Giving the good reliability and validity of Spanish version of DIGS it should be considered to identify psychiatric phenotypes for genetics studies.
Denaturing Protein Immunoprecipitation from Mammalian Cells
Authors: Tansey William P. 
Published: January 2007

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes a denaturing immunoprecipitation (IP) for mammalian cells. Where possible, we prefer to use denaturing IPs to recover labeled proteins from pulse-chase experiments. The use of denaturing IPs reduces background considerably.
Nuclear Staining of Plants for Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Running Mark 
Published: January 2007

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes a useful way to observe the development of embryos, as well as meristems and young primordia developing at the shoot apex, by confocal microscopy after staining the nuclei with propidium iodide. The number of cells can be exactly quantified in a meristem or in young primordia. Because embryonic and meristematic cells are largely filled out by their nuclei, it is convenient to image only the nuclei. This method allows analysis of whole-mount material, which is more easily reconstructed than sectioned material.
Imaging of Fresh Arabidopsis Tissues in the Scanning Electron Microscope: Figure 1.
Authors: Jackson David 
Published: January 2007

INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, the increased sensitivity of electron detectors and the availability of low-vacuum or variable-pressure systems have allowed imaging of fresh tissue samples without the need for fixation, drying, and coating. This obviously saves a lot of time, although the image quality may not be as good as that obtained from fixed samples. However, for most applications that tend to be at a relatively low magnification, the quality can be as good as that obtained from fixed samples.
The molecular and clinical impact of hepatocyte growth factor, its receptor, activators, and inhibitors in wound healing
Authors: Conway Kevin , Price Patricia , Harding Keith G. , Jiang Wen G. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTWound healing involves a number of cellular and molecular events, many of which are controlled by soluble growth factors. In the process of healing, hepatocyte growth factor, a cytokine known to act as mitogen, motogen, and morphogen, has been postulated to play multiple roles during several stages of this complex biological process. Produced primarily by stromal fibroblasts, hepatocyte growth factor regulates angiogenesis, vascular permeability, cell migration, matrix deposition and degradation, and other biological processes. The current article discusses recent progress in understanding the multiple roles played by this growth factor in tissue repair.
Intralesional cryosurgery enhances the involution of recalcitrant auricular keloids: a new clinical approach supported by experimental studies
Authors: Har‐Shai Yaron , Sabo Edmond , Rohde Ewa , Hyams Michael , Assaf Chalid , Zouboulis Christos C. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTTo explain the mechanism of action of a novel intralesional cryoprobe, thermal behavior measurements, and histological studies were performed in swine muscle specimens after intralesional cryosurgery ex vivo. Slow cooling (20°C/min) and thawing (25°C/min) rates, end temperature of −30°C, produced 8 mm wide diffuse coagulative‐type necrosis and a 3 mm‐wide transition zone around the cryoprobe. In contrast, contact cryosurgery showed fast cooling and thawing rates (80°C/min) and an end temperature of −100°C. Efficacy and safety of the intralesional cryoprobe was further assessed in ten recalcitrant auricular keloids in nine Caucasian patients. There was a 67.4 ± 23 percent reduction of scar volume at the end of the 18‐month follow‐up period after a single intralesional treatment (p < 0.005). Significant reduction of hardness, elevation, and redness as well as itching, pain, and tenderness was documented. The histomorphometric analysis, including spectral and fractal analysis, as well as assessment of the fast Fourier transform algorithm, showed parallel alignment and reorganization of the collagen fibers in the treated scar similar to that in the normal dermis. A long hold time in the deep scar core caused minimal damage to the superficial tissue, including melanocytes. There was no evidence of permanent hypopigmentation, active bleeding, infection, or recurrence. The major advantages of the intralesional cryoprobe, including the marked efficacy of a single treatment, may have a major importance in the clinical application of cryosurgery in the treatment of keloids and of other lesions localized deep in the skin.
Toward a common language: surgical wound bed preparation and debridement
Authors: Granick Mark , Boykin Joseph , Gamelli Richard , Schultz Gregory , Tenenhaus Mayer 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTWound management encompasses a number of disciplines. As new concepts and innovative technologies develop within this exciting field, it is important to share them in spite of the divergence of clinical perspectives between the expert disciplines. One such divergence exists between surgeons and nonsurgical wound specialists. As a result, there is a need to develop a common language between these two groups. How can we develop a common language that unites surgical expertise within medical wound management? One route may be through the principles of wound bed preparation, which we believe have great potential for the communication of effective surgical techniques. Another is through sharing our concepts of surgical debridement as it is applied to different wounds by a variety of surgical disciplines. In this monograph, we try to bring these two themes together. We discuss how wound bed preparation has added to our understanding of the pathophysiology of the nonhealing wound and has provided us with some general clinical concepts. We discuss what role debridement, and then specifically surgical debridement, has to play within wound bed preparation, before analyzing the importance of surgical debridement in tissue preservation and the control of infection. We finally look at ongoing work that examines the cost of various surgical debridement techniques. We will also review a new hydrosurgery system (VERSAJET®, Smith and Nephew, Hull, UK), which we believe has an important role to play in the surgical preparation of the wound. We also expect that this paper will remind our medical colleagues about the critical role played by surgery in wound management.
Preclinical Studies with Adrenomedullin and Its Binding Protein as Cardiovascular Protective Agents for Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Wu Rongqian , Wang Ping 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTTraumatic injury is a major, largely unrecognized public health problem in the US that cuts across race, gender, age, and economic boundaries. The resulting loss of productive life years exceeds that of any other disease, with societal costs of $469 billion annually. Most trauma deaths result either from insufficient tissue perfusion due to excessive blood loss, or the development of inflammation, infection, and vital organ damage following resuscitation. Clinical management of hemorrhagic shock relies on massive and rapid infusion of fluids to maintain blood pressure. However, the majority of victims with severe blood loss do not respond well to fluid restoration. The development of effective strategies for resuscitation of traumatic blood loss is therefore critically needed. We have recently discovered that the vascular responsiveness to a recently‐discovered potent vasodilatory peptide, adrenomedullin (AM) is depressed after severe blood loss, which may be due to downregulation of a novel specific binding protein, AM binding protein‐1 (AMBP‐1). Using three different animal models of hemorrhage (controlled hemorrhage with large volume resuscitation, controlled hemorrhage with low volume resuscitation, and uncontrolled hemorrhage with minimum resuscitation), we have shown that cell and organ injury occurs after hemorrhage despite fluid resuscitation. Administration of AM/AMBP‐1 significantly improves cardiac output, heart performance and tissue perfusion, attenuates hepatic and renal injury, decreases pro‐inflammatory cytokines, prevents metabolic acidosis, and reduces hemorrhage‐induced mortality. Thus, administration of AM/AMBP‐1 appears to be a novel and useful approach for restoring cardiovascular responses, preventing organ injury, and reducing mortality after hemorrhagic shock.
HOLOGRAM TECHNIQUES FOR PARTICLE‐SIZE ANALYSIS
Authors: Zinky William R. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryFraunhofer hologram camera systems have been applied to a number of applications for particle‐size analysis. Reconstructed holograms provide high‐quality images with three orders of magnitude greater depth of field than that provided by a microscope. Instantaneous recording of dynamic dispersions with freedom from isokinetric sampling losses is one of the chief attractions of the method. A permanent record of the particle distribution that can easily be recalled is produced. The typical laser pulse length of 20 nanoseconds allows particles to be moving at high velocities; the maximum particle velocity criterion is that the particle shall move less than 1/10 diameter during the exposure time.A hologram has extremely high information content; in fact, it contains the size, shape and position in three‐dimensional space of a large number of objects. The price that must be paid for recording this large amount of information is that lasers and precision optical systems must be used in a two‐step process to record and reconstruct the holograms.Hologram photography has, however, all the advantages of direct photography; it gives shape information and shows the minute detail of the microcosm. Scientists trained to utilize this new hologram technique can further their work in fine‐particle analysis.
THE CHEMISTRY OF Co(I) DERIVATIVES OF VITAMIN B12 AND OF RELATED CHELATES
Authors: Schrauzer G. N. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryThe main points of the present review can be summarized as follows:1. The existence of Co(I) derivatives is limited to strong‐field chelates, since the stabilization of spin‐paired d8‐ions is particularly favored in planar complexes. The Co(I) chelates do not form stable adducts with Lewis bases, but weak interactions yielding five‐coordinate species are observed.2. There appear to be no basic differences between the reactions of the Co(I) center in vitamin B12s and the corresponding derivatives of simple chelates. Thus, the rates of the reactions of primary alkylating agents with vitamin B12sor cobaloximes(I) are very nearly the same.3. The dz2 orbital in the Co(I) compounds is weakly antibonding, extending its charge cloud perpendicular to the plane of the molecule. This causes the Co(I) chelates to be the strongest nucleophiles known.4. All Co(I) chelates studied show three or four absorption bands between 12000 and 18000 cm‐1 that are assigned to the ligand‐modified d‐d transitions. In the isolectronic nickel chelates, corresponding transitions were observed between 20000 and 28000 cm‐1.5. The reduction of vitamin B12 and of cobaloximes can be achieved with a variety of reagents, e.g., NaBH4, zinc dust, thiols. New reducing agents are acyloins or ketosugars. The reduction with NaBH4 is sensitive to trace‐metal catalysis. Cobaloximes(II) (but not vitamin B12) are reduced by molecular hydrogen, a fact presumably associated with the existence of dimeric, metal‐metal bonded Co(II) derivatives.6. The reduction of Co‐Salen and Co‐BAE to the Co(I) derivatives in water requires strongly alkaline conditions to prevent the decomposition into the Co(II) derivatives and hydrogen. This is a direct consequence of the higher Co(II)/Co(I) reduction potentials of these compounds.
Mechanisms Driving the Time-Dependent Salt Flux in a Partially Stratified Estuary*
Authors: Lerczak James A. , Geyer W. Rockwell , Chant Robert J. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The subtidal salt balance and the mechanisms driving the downgradient salt flux in the Hudson River estuary are investigated using measurements from a cross-channel mooring array of current meters, temperature and conductivity sensors, and cross-channel and along-estuary shipboard surveys obtained during the spring of 2002. Steady (subtidal) vertical shear dispersion, resulting from the estuarine exchange flow, was the dominant mechanism driving the downgradient salt flux, and varied by over an order of magnitude over the spring–neap cycle, with maximum values during neap tides and minimum values during spring tides. Corresponding longitudinal dispersion rates were as big as 2500 m2 s−1 during neap tides. The salinity intrusion was not in a steady balance during the study period. During spring tides, the oceanward advective salt flux resulting from the net outflow balanced the time rate of change of salt content landward of the study site, and salt was flushed out of the estuary. During neap tides, the landward steady shear dispersion salt flux exceeded the oceanward advective salt flux, and salt entered the estuary. Factor-of-4 variations in the salt content occurred at the spring–neap time scale and at the time scale of variations in the net outflow. On average, the salt flux resulting from tidal correlations between currents and salinity (tidal oscillatory salt flux) was an order of magnitude smaller than that resulting from steady shear dispersion. During neap tides, this flux was minimal (or slightly countergradient) and was due to correlations between tidal currents and vertical excursions of the halocline. During spring tides, the tidal oscillatory salt flux was driven primarily by oscillatory shear dispersion, with an associated longitudinal dispersion rate of about 130 m2 s−1.
Induction of chemoresistance in a cultured canine cell line by retroviral transduction of the canine multidrug resistance 1 gene
Authors: Matsuura Shinobu , Koto Hisao , Ide Kaori , Fujino Yasuhito , Setoguchi-Mukai Asuka , Ohno Koichi , Tsujimoto Hajime 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Objective—To induce chemoresistance in a normal canine cell line through the transduction of the canine multidrug resistance 1 gene (mdr1).
Sample Population—Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell line.
Procedures—The full-length canine mdr1 cDNA clone isolated in our laboratory was inserted into a Moloney murine leukemia virus–based vector to construct the retroviral vector, pLNC-cMDR1. After retroviral transduction of pLNC-cMDR1 into MDCK cells, the expression and function of the P-glycoprotein, a product of mdr1, were assessed by immunoblotting, measurement of rhodamine123 (Rh123) retention, and drug sensitivity assays.
Results—P-glycoprotein was strongly expressed in cells transduced with pLNC-cMDR1. This P-glycoprotein was fully functional, as demonstrated by the decreased Rh123 retention and the increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Measured as 50% inhibitory concentrations, resistance increased 59 times to vincristine and 25 times to doxorubicin in MDCK cells after transduction of pLNC-cMDR1.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Transduction of canine mdr1 is an effective method for inducing chemoresistance in normal canine cells. This system may be applicable to the induction of drug resistance in hematopoietic cells.