bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral eosinophilic granuloma in three Cavalier King Charles spaniels
Authors: Bredal W. P. , Gunnes G. , Vollset I. , Ulstein T. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOral eosinophilic granuloma is a rare and enigmatic disease in dogs. The clinical, haematologi‐cal, cytological and histopathological features of three unrelated Cavalier King Charles spaniels with oral ulcers are presented. The disease was characterised by granuloma or plaque formation in the oral cavity. Common clinical signs were clearing the throat, swallowing problems, coughing during and after meals, reduced appetite and difficulty in eating. Haematological findings were not specific. Cytology was considered easier to perform than tissue biopsy due to friability of the tissue, but could not be used to confirm a granuloma diagnosis. The diagnosis of oral eosinophilic granuloma was verified histopatho‐logically in each case. Response to glucocorticoid therapy varied, from complete remission to lack of any visible effect, leading to a guarded prognosis. The aetiology of the disease was not determined; however, the gross and microscopic morphologies of the lesions, their location and the response to corticosteroid therapy was suggestive of hypersensitivity.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunt in 14 cats
Authors: Lamb C. R. , Hijfte Forster‐van , White R. N. , McEvoy F. J. , Rutgers H. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwenty‐four cats with clinical and, or, clinico‐pathological signs compatible with portosystemic shunting were examined prospectively using two‐dimensional grey‐scale, duplex and colourflow Doppler ultrasonography. Diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunt was subsequently confirmed in 14 cats using operative mesenteric portography and surgery. Of the 14 affected cats, nine were purebred; eight were male and six female. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was nine months (range four to 27 months). Ultrasonographic evidence of a small liver was present in seven cats (50 per cent); visibility of intrahepatic portal vessels was reduced in three (21 per cent). An anomalous blood vessel was identified ultrasonographically in each cat; in 10 cats (71 per cent) the vessel was observed to originate from the portal vein and drain into the caudal vena cava. Abnormally variable portal blood flow waspresent in eight of the 10 cats in which it was measured. At surgery, six shunts were intrahepatic and eight extrahepatic; the ultrasonographic diagnosis of intra‐ versus extra‐hepatic shunt was correct in 13 cats (93 per cent). No anomalous blood vessels or abnormalities affecting the portal vein were detected ultrasonographically in any of the 10 cats that did not have congenital portosystemic shunting. Hence, the accuracy of ultrasonography for diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunting in this series was 100 per cent.
Recent advances in understanding the spectrum of canine generalised progressive retinal atrophy
Authors: Clements P. J. M. , Sargan D. R. , Gould D. J. , Petersen‐Jones S. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCanine generalised progressive retinal atrophy (gPRA) is a large and ever‐increasing collection of naturally occurring, heterogeneous, progressive disorders. Most are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and new, breed‐specific forms continue to be described. The gPRAs cause photoreceptor cell death and subsequent retinal degeneration, culminating in blindness. In humans, similar inherited retinal dystrophies are recognised as retinitis pigmentosa and macular dystrophy. Molecular biological studies have revealed disease‐causing mutations in several genes in humans and also in mice with retinal dystrophies. Recently, molecular genetic techniques have identified the cause of one form of gPRA in Irish setters while important candidate genes have been investigated in other breeds. Identification of mutations responsible for different forms of gPRA allows carrier and pre‐degenerate animals to be detected using DNA‐based tests. Such genetic tests will greatly facilitate the eradication of these diseases in different breeds.
Treatment of urinary incontinence in bitches by endoscopic injection of glutaraldehyde cross‐linked collagen
Authors: Arnold S. , Hubler M. , Lott‐Stolz G. , Rüsch P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThirty‐two spayed bitches with urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter incompetence, non‐responsive to phenylpropanolamine administration, were treated by urethral submucosal injection of glutaraldehyde cross‐linked collagen. Urinary incontinence resolved after a single injection in 19 of the bitches. Additional medication with phenylpropanolamine was necessary in five of these dogs, however. Of the 13 bitches that remained incontinent, the injections were repeated in nine. This resulted in a return to continence in five dogs, although two of these required additional medication for complete continence. The cure rate due to collagen injections alone is 53 per cent (17 of the 32 cases). A total of 41 injections were performed and no postoperative complications were observed.
Mega‐oesophagus secondary to acquired myasthenia gravis
Authors: Yam P. S. , Shelton G. D. , Simpson J. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFifteen dogs with confirmed adult onset idiopathic megaoesophagus, in which no generalised muscle weakness was observed, were tested for the presence of acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Of these, six were found to have values greater than 0–6 nmol/litre, previously determined to be diagnostic of acquired myasthenia gravis. The mean serum titre value for these dogs was 5–59 nmol/litre (range 0–78 to 8–72 nmol/litre). It appears that a significant proportion of dogs presenting with megaoesophagus have myasthenia gravis and, if a prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment can be instituted, clinical signs may improve.
Use of the Wagner apparatus to lengthen the antebrachium of a growing dog
Authors: Hay C. W. , Manley P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA six‐month‐old male golden retriever was presented with a shortened radius and ulna and valgus deformity of the carpus secondary to premature closure of the distal radial and ulnar physes. Osteotomies of the radius and ulna were performed and the antebrachium was lengthened over eight weeks using a Wagner apparatus. This external fixation distractor is used in humans for limb‐lengthening procedures. In this case, it was used to correct the angular deformity and to lengthen the limb.
Use of external skeletal fixators in the repair of femoral fractures in cats
Authors: Langley‐Hobbs S. J. , Carmichael S. , McCartney W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the results of fixation of 35 femoral fractures in cats using an external skeletal fixator alone or in combination with supplementary devices. All the fractures healed. The average time to fixator removal was eight weeks and two days. The external skeletal fixator offers a method of repairing many types of femoral fractures in cats allowing sound orthopaedic principles to be maintained and producing a successful outcome.
Factors associated with elevated cutaneous Malassezia p a chyderm a tis populations in dogs with Pruritic skin isease
Authors: Bond R. , Ferguson E. A. , Curtis C. F. , Craig J. M. , Lloyd D. H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe prevalences of breeds and concurrent diseases in a group of 40 dogs with pruritic skin disease associated with elevated cutaneousMalassezia pachydermatispopulations were compared with samples of a dermatological hospital population. The ages and genders of the affected dogs were comparable to those of the dermatology population. Basset hounds, cocker spaniels and West Highland white terriers were significantly overrepresented. Concurrent diseases were diagnosed in 27 dogs, of which 15 were atopic. However, the prevalences of atopic disease, primary keratinisation defects and endocrinopathies in dogs with elevated cutaneous Mpachydermatispopulations were comparable to those in the dermatology population as a whole. These results indicate that certain breeds are predisposed to the development of elevated cutaneousM pachydermatispopulations and that concurrent skin diseases can frequently be identified in affected dogs. However, the relationship between these concurrent diseases and abnormalM pachydermatispopulations remains unclear.
Systemic use of pentosan polysulphate in the treatment of osteoarthritis
Authors: Read R. A. , Cullis‐Hill D. , Jones M. P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTForty dogs diagnosed as having chronic osteoarthritis took part in a double‐blind clinical dose‐response study using the antiarthritic agent pentosan polysulphate (PPS). After complete physical examination to ensure good general health, dogs received four subcutaneous injections at intervals of one week of 0, 1, 3 or 5 mg/kg PPS from code‐numbered bottles. At weekly intervals and four weeks after the last injection, weakness, stiffness, pain on joint manipulation, willingness to exercise, body condition and overall response were scored. There were no differences between groups in baseline data, but dogs receiving PPS had a favourable response compared to dogs receiving a placebo for lameness, body condition, pain on joint manipulation and willingness to exercise. The 3 mg/kg dose rate gave the best improvement, the 1 mg/kg dose was partially effective and the 5 mg/kg group was least effective. The use of PPS at a dose rate of 3 mg/kg for the treatment of clinical osteoarthritis in dogs is indicated by our study.
Investigation of possible leptospiral infection in cats in Scotland
Authors: Agunloye C. A. , Nash A. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEighty‐seven cats from the Glasgow area were investigated to determine the prevalence of leptospiral infection and possible resultant disease. Eight (9‐2 per cent) of the cats reacted serologically with the antigens of three serovars. Five of the cats were seropositive to Leptospira hardjo, two to L autumnalis and one cat serocon‐verted to L icterohaemorrhagiae. A paired serum sample indicated a recent infection in one of the cats. The major clinical sign shown by this cat was ascites. Four of the cats were from rural areas. This appears to be the first report of a serological survey of leptospiral infection in cats in the Glasgow area.
Diagnosis and clinical course of canine oral papillomavirus infection
Authors: Bredal W. P. , Thoresen S. I. , Rimstad E. , Aleksandersent M. , Nafstadt P. H. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA six‐month‐old intact male rottweiler presented with papillomatous growths protruding from the oral mucous membranes. A tentative diagnosis of canine oral papillomavirus (COPV) infection was made based on the gross appearance of the numerous lesions and the young age of the patient. Two warts from the oral mucosa were removed surgically for further diagnostic investigations. The viral aetiology of the disease was confirmed by histopathological and electron microscopic findings, and by the identification of specific COPV DNA in removed oral papillomatous tissue. The patient was followed clinically and complete regression of the oral lesions occurred after four weeks. Neither the route of transmission nor the source of infection was found. Immunodeficiency as a contributing aetiological factor to the development of COPV‐induced lesions is discussed.
Urinary tract infection: The role of canine transmissible venereal tumour
Authors: Batatnuzi E. K. , Kristensen F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe role of transmissible venereal tumours in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection in dogs was investigated in 86 dogs. Fifty‐five had transmissible venereal tumours, and the remaining 31 animals were used as controls. A thorough clinical examination of the external genitalia was carried out in each case. In the dogs with transmissible venereal tumours, the sites of attachment were recorded. Urine samples were taken by cystocentesis and the external genitalia swabbed; the samples were cultured for bacteria using standard methods. Tumours were found on the prepuce and other parts of the penis in male dogs; in bitches they were found in the vagina, vestibule or the vestibulovaginal junction. Dogs with transmissible venereal tumours were found to be at a high risk of having bacteriuria (odds ratio [OR] = 7.04). Obliteration of the urethral orifice by the tumour, possibly leading to urine retention, was thought to be the main reason for the high incidence of urinary tract infection among dogs with transmissible venereal tumours. Long‐standing cases of transmissible venereal neoplasia had a higher chance of becoming bac‐teriuric compared with recent cases (OR=29–60). This study indicates that transmissible venereal tumour may be a predisposing factor for the development of urinary tract infection.
Pneumocystis carinii in the miniature dachshund: Case report and literature review
Authors: Lobetti R. G. , Leisewitz A. L. , Spencer J. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis article reviews Pneumocystis carinii and presents four cases in the miniature dachshund. The cases presented with hyperpnoea, tachy‐pnoea and exercise intolerance. There were also clinical signs suggestive of immune incompetence in all the dogs. P carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in all four cases on transtracheal aspirate cytology. Immunological studies showed low globulin levels on serum electrophoresis, decreased lymphoblast transformation response (in the two cases that were tested) and a deficiency of immunoglobulins A, G and M. Light and electron microscopy as well as anti‐canine immunoglobulin G immunoperoxidase staining studies were performed on one case which had died because of the disease. From these four cases, it appears that P carinii pneumonia in the miniature dachshund may be the result of an immunodeficiency. It does not, however, appear to be a classic primary severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome as the dogs appeared to respond to treatment, did not show growth failure and did not manifest overwhelming commensurate bacterial infections.
Rhabdomyolysis as a complication of canine babesiosis
Authors: Jacobson L. S. , Lobetti R. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTRhabdomyolysis was diagnosed in two dogs with babesiosis. The first animal presented with muscle pain and caramel‐coloured urine, and had markedly elevated serum myoglobin and muscle enzymes. Acute renal failure complicated the clinical picture. The second dog exhibited muscle pain and tremors, together with neurological signs and pulmonary oedema, and died soon after admission. Muscle necrosis and haemorrhage were found at necropsy. In human malaria, a disease clinically similar to canine babesiosis, rhabdomyolysis is unusual, but clinically silent muscle damage appears to be common. Likewise, biochemical evidence of muscle damage is readily found in experimental bovine babesiosis. Muscle enzymes were mildly elevated in three dogs with severe babesiosis and pigmenturia but there was no obvious muscle damage, indicating that this might also apply to canine babesiosis. The pathogenesis of infection‐associated rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure remains unclear, but inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide could play an important role.
Epidemiology of periodontal disease in poodles
Authors: Hoffmann Th. , Gaengler P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe periodontal condition of 123 poodles was assessed using the parameters of depth of gum pocket, attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque and calculus accumulation. No dogs were free of periodontal disease. The number of deep pockets and dramatic loss of attachment ranged from 0.1 teeth in young dogs to 4.2 teeth in old animals. A sixfold increase in deep pocketing took place in dogs between the ages of six and seven, followed by a twofold increase in the number of teeth missing in dogs within the 10 to 11 year age group. First premolars, incisors and second molars were at highest risk. No correlation between dietary conditions and disease incidence could be detected. It is concluded that, by concentrating their diagnostic efforts on those age groups and types of teeth at highest risk, clinicians could improve the effectiveness of their treatment interventions.
Haematological, ocular and skeletal abnormalities in a samoyed family
Authors: Aroch I. , Ofri R. , Aizenberg I. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTHaematological, ocular and skeletal abnormalities were documented in a samoyed male and its five offspring. Haematological abnormalities, found in repeated tests in all the dogs, included marked eosinophilia, eosinophilic bands and absence of Barr bodies. Two of the dogs had bilateral buphthalmia, retinal detachments and other ocular abnormalities. Three of the dogs had skeletal abnormalities including chondrodysplasia (dwarfism) and brachygnathia (undershot jaw). A similar combination of inherited skeletal and ocular disorders, without the haematological abnormalities, has been described in samoyeds. Acquired causes for the haematological findings, which are similar to the inherited Pelger‐Huët anomaly described in several species, have been eliminated. Eosinophilic bands and scarcity of Barr bodies could be a marker, or a previously unreported manifestation, of an inherited disorder in samoyeds.
Investigation of the reproductive and growth hormone status of dogs affected by idiopathic recurrent flank alopecia
Authors: Curtis C. F. , Evans H. , Lloyd D. H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe reproductive and growth hormone status of a group of 12 neutered dogs affected by idiopathic recurrent flank alopecia was investigated at both maximum and minimum photoperiod using the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test, the xylazine stimulation test and the insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) assay. When compared with a group of nine neutered control dogs, the plasma reproductive hormone concentrations were not significantly different with one exception; a significantly greater post‐ACTH plasma progesterone concentration was detected in the affected group at minimum photoperiod (P<0–05). The significance of this finding in isolation is unclear. Growth hormone response to intravenous xylazine was assessed in the affected group at maximum photoperiod only and was found to be within normal limits in eight of the dogs. Serum IGF‐I concentrations were significantly greater in the affected group at maximum photoperiod but the groups were not significantly different at minimum photoperiod. These results suggest that dogs with idiopathic recurrent flank alopecia are of normal reproductive and growth hormone status.
Mucolipidosis type II in a domestic shorthair cat
Authors: Hubler M. , Haskins M. E. , Arnold S. , Kaser‐Hotz B. , Bosshard N. U. , Briner J. , Spycher M. A. , Gitzelmannt R. , Sommerlade H.‐J. , von Figura K. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA seven‐month‐old, female domestic shorthair cat was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Zurich, with abnormal facial features, retarded growth and progressive hindlimb paresis. On physical examination the cat had a flat, broad face with hypertelorism, frontal bossing, small ears and thickened upper and lower eyelids. The corneas of both eyes were clear and the pupils were dilated. The skin was generally thickened, most prominently on the dorsal aspect of the neck. Radiography of the entire skeleton revealed a severely deformed spinal column, bilateral hip luxation with hip dysplasia, an abnormally shaped skull and generalised decreased bone opacity. The clinical features and radiographic changes were suggestive of mucopolysaccharidosis. The toluidine blue spot test on a urine sample, however, was negative for glycosaminoglycans. Further biochemical investigations revealed a deficiency of the enzyme N‐acetylglucosamine‐1‐phosphotransfer‐ase (GlcNAc‐phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.8.17) in peripheral leukocytes and an elevation of many lysosomal enzymes in the serum of the cat which is diagnostic for mucolipidosis type II. Histology and electron microscopy of different tissues are briefly summarised. The findings of this cat, the first reported case of mucolipidosis type II are compared with other similar storage diseases described in the cat.
Avulsion of the popliteus muscle in a malinois dog
Authors: Tanno F. , Weber U. , Lang J. , Simpson D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA four‐month‐old malinois was presented for lameness which was attributed to an avulsion of the origin of the popliteus muscle. Surgical repair by internal fixation with a lag screw and washer resulted in resolution of the lameness.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Parenchymal Amyloid Deposition in Transgenic Mice Expressing the Danish Mutant Form of Human BRI2
Authors: Vidal Ruben , Barbeito Ana G. , Miravalle Leticia , Ghetti Bernardino 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFamilial Danish dementia (FDD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by the presence of cataracts, hearing impairment, cerebellar ataxia and dementia. Neuropathologically, FDD is characterized by the presence of widespread cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), parenchymal amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles. FDD is caused by a 10‐nucleotide duplication‐insertion in the BRI2 gene that generates a larger‐than‐normal precursor protein, of which the Danish amyloid subunit (ADan) comprises the last 34 amino acids. Here, we describe a transgenic mouse model for FDD (Tg‐FDD) in which the mouse Prnp (prion protein) promoter drives the expression of the Danish mutant form of human BRI2 . The main neuropathological findings in Tg‐FDD mice are the presence of widespread CAA and parenchymal deposition of ADan. In addition, we observe the presence of amyloid‐associated gliosis, an inflammatory response and deposition of oligomeric ADan. As the animals aged, they showed abnormal grooming behavior, an arched back, and walked with a wide‐based gait and shorter steps. This mouse model may give insights on the pathogenesis of FDD and will prove useful for the development of therapeutics. Moreover, the study of Tg‐FDD mice may offer new insights into the role of amyloid in neurodegeneration in other disorders, including Alzheimer disease.
Quantification of Naturally Occurring Pyrrole Acids in Melanosomes†
Authors: Ward Weslyn C. , Lamb Erin C. , Gooden David , Chen Xin , Burinsky David J. , Simon John D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThree naturally occurring pyrrole acids were found in Sepia, human black hair, and bovine choroid and iris melanosomes using high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry—pyrrole‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid (PDCA), pyrrole‐2,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid (PTCA) and pyrrole‐2,3,4,5‐tetracarboxylic acid (PTeCA). PDCA and PTCA are common markers quantified from oxidative degradation of eumelanins. Using standards, the amounts of naturally occurring PDCA and PTCA were determined and compared to those obtained following peroxide oxidation of the same samples. Because the naturally occurring acids are water soluble, these results indicate that care must be exercised when comparing PDCA and PTCA yields from the degradation analyses of melanins isolated and prepared by different methods. This work also establishes that PTeCA is a naturally occurring pyrrole acid in melanosomes.
Transient Vibronic Structure in Ultrafast Fluorescence Spectra of Photoactive Yellow Protein†
Authors: Nakamura Ryosuke , Hamada Norio , Ichida Hideki , Tokunaga Fumio , Kanematsu Yasuo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe ultrafast photo‐induced dynamics of wild‐type photoactive yellow protein and its site‐directed mutant of E46Q in aqueous solution was studied at room temperature by femtosecond fluorescence spectroscopy using the optical Kerr‐gate method. The vibronic structure appears, depending on the excitation photon energy, in the time‐resolved fluorescence spectra just after photoexcitation, which winds with time and disappears on a time scale of sub‐picoseconds. This result indicates that the wavepacket is localized in the electronic excited state followed by dumped oscillations and broadening, and also that the initial condition of the wavepacket prepared depending on the excitation photon energy affects much the following ultrafast dynamics in the electronic excited state.