bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymerization-Induced Epitaxy. Highly Ordered Ultrathin Films of Poly(phenyloxazoline) on Graphite
Authors: Sandberg Mats , Sano Masahito , Yoshimura Susumu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Ultrathin films of poly(N-benzoylethyleneimine) were grown on the basal plane of graphite by the method of polymerization-induced epitaxy. Scanning tunneling microscopy of the thin films showed periodic structures which indicate formation of crystalline layers.
Octacarbonyldicobalt Promoted Transformation of 1-(1,2-Propadienyl)cyclopropanols to 1,4-Hydroquinones
Authors: Iwasawa Nobuharu , Owada Yufu , Matsuo Takeshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A novel transformation reaction of 1-(1,2-propadienyl)cyclopropanols to 1,4-hydroquinone derivatives was developed utilizing the interaction of 1,2-propadienes and Co2(CO)8.
Directly Experimental Evidence for Melting Process of Solid Domains in Monolayers of Fatty Acids at the Air-water Interface by a Brewster Angle Microscope
Authors: Lu Zuhong , Nakahara Hiroo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
First direct observation of the melting processes for fatty acid monolayer at the air-water interface has been successfully made by a Brewster angle microscope. The melting temperatures of solid domains in the monolayers of myristic, palmitic and stearic acids are around 6 °C, 28 °C and 46 °C, respectively. Both the domain size and their distribution become homogeneous when the molten monolayer is cooled down back to the temperature below melting points.
Fluorescent PET(Photoinduced Electron Transfer) Sensors for Calcium Ions. Extension to Multiple Fluorophores and Virtual Spacers
Authors: Silva A Prasanna de , Gunaratne H Q Nimal , Kane Áine T M , Maguire Glenn E M 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
New bifluorophoric sensors QCa3 and QCa4 show larger Ca2+-induced fluorescence enhancements and (for QCa4 only) lower Ca2+ binding constants than their monofluorophoric counterparts due to statistics and remote steric effects respectively. The PET sensor principle is extended to twisted biaryl systems which can give rise to twisted internal charge transfer (TICT) excited states by the re-examination of Tsien’s rhod-2.
Regio- and Stereo-Controlled Alkoxyiodination of 1,3-Diene Using Iodine-Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate
Authors: Horiuchi C Akira , Hosokawa Haruomi , Kanamori Miyuki , Muramatsu Yukiko , Ochiai Keiko , Takahashi Eiji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Reaction of 1,3-cycloalkadienes (cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadiene, and cycloheptadiene) with iodine-cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate in alcohols, gave the corresponding regiospecific trans-2-alkoxy-1-iodo compounds as major products accompanied with 1,4-dialkoxy compounds as by-products. In the case of CH3CN-H2O as solvent, trans-iodohydrins were obtained. Thus the reaction of cyclic and acyclic 1,3-diene derivatives using this synthetic method afforded the 1,2-addition alkoxyiodo compounds preferentially.
New Liquid-Crystal Polymer with a 1,3-Dithiane Ring
Authors: Haramoto Yuichiro , Ujiie Seiji , Nanasawa Masato 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
New polymerizable liquid crystal materials, 10-{4-[5-(4′-ethoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithian-2-yl]phenoxy}decyl methacrylate (5) and 10-{4-[5-octyl-1,3-dithian-2-yl]phenoxy}decyl methacrylate (7) have been synthesized and converted into polymers. Since these polymers (5′,7′) show the schlieren texture of a nematic phase (e.g. 5′ : G 5 N 63 I), they are a new type of liquid crystal polymer having a 1,3-dithiane ring in their mesogen units.
New Supported [Ru6N] Clusters as a Potential Transition Metal Nitride Catalyst
Authors: Izumi Yasuo , Aika Ken-ichi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Nitrido-ruthenium cluster [Ru6N] catalysts were prepared by reacting [Ru6N(CO)16]− cluster with MgO, K+-doped MgO or Cs+-doped MgO as a potential ruthenium nitride catalyst. The [Ru6N] unit remained in reaction conditions, and exhibited higher activities in ammonia synthesis than conventional Ru catalysts or Ru clusters prepared from [Ru6C(CO)16Me]− or [Ru6(CO)18]2−.
Molecular Fluorescence Sensor for Saccharides Based on Amino Coumarin
Authors: Sandanayake K R A Samankumara , Imazu Sachiko , James Tony D. , Mikami Masafumi , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The intramolecular neighboring group participation of the amino group of 7-aminocoumarin moiety to phenylboronic acid gave fluorescence intensity and spectral changes upon saccharide binding which could be used in fluorescence mapping of saccharides in biological cells.
An Efficient Esterification Reaction between Equimolar Amounts of Free Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols by the Combined Use of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and a Catalytic Amount of Titanium(IV) Chloride Tris(trifluoromethanesulfonate)
Authors: Izumi Jun , Shiina Isamu , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Various carboxylic esters are prepared in good to high yields from equimolar amounts of free carboxylic acids and alcohols by the combined use of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and a catalytic amount of TiCl(OTf)3.
Decomposition Degree of Chlorofluorocarbon and Hydrochlorofluorocarbon
Authors: Tanada Seiki , Kawasaki Naohito , Nakamura Takeo , Abe Ikuo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which have a smaller ozone depleting propensity than the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) replacements, have been developed and produced. However, HCFCs decompose more readily than CFCs. Studying their decomposition degree is useful for increasing their recovery efficiency and minimizing their environmental impact. It is concluded that the amount of produced heavy metal ions was caused by a variation in the pH due to the HF and HCl, and the recovery of HCFC141b is more difficult than CFC113 or HCFC123.
Synthetic Applications of Bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide: Part II. Synthesis of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic o-Azido-Thioaldehydes
Authors: Capperucci Antonella , Degl’Innocenti Alessandro , Scafato Patrizia , Spagnolo Piero 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Treatment of aromatic and heteroaromatic o-azidoaldehydes with bis(trimethyl-silyl)sulfide and a suitable catalyst affords an easy access to the corresponding o-azidothioaldehydes as their Diels-Alder cycloadducts with dienes.
Synthesis and Mesogenic Properties of New Non-Sigmatropic, Monocyclic Troponoids, 5-Acyloxy-2-alkoxytropones
Authors: Mori Akira , Takematsu Shinji , Isobe Masahiro , Takeshita Hitoshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A series of newly-prepared non-sigmatropic 5-acyloxy-2-alkoxytropones showed virtual SA-C transition temperatures as determined by extrapolation of the binary phase diagram. This is an example of the genuine monocyclic liquid crystals.
Microporous Heteropoly Compound as a Shape Selective Catalyst : Cs2.2H0.8PW12O40
Authors: Okuhara Toshio , Nishimura Toru , Misono Makoto 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The pore size of acidic Cs salts (CsxH3−xPW12O40) was precisely controlled by the Cs content. Cs2.2H0.8PW12O40 possesses micropores in the range from 6.2 to 7.5 Å (in diameter) and exhibits efficient shape selective catalysis toward decomposition of ester, dehydration of alcohol, and alkylation of aromatics in liquid-solid system. This is the first example of shape-selective solid superacid.
Practical and Selective Method for Preparation of Cp2HfRCl and Cp2HfRR′
Authors: Takahashi Tamotsu , Nishihara Yasushi , Ishida Toyohisa 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Practical method for preparation of Cp2HfRCl and Cp2HfRR′ has been investigated. Mono(alkyl)hafnocene chloride complexes were selectively prepared by the following methods; (i) a reaction of Cp2HfR(OMe) with MeCOCl and (ii) a reaction of Cp2HfCl2 with an excess of R3Al. Treatment of Cp2HfRCl with R′3Al led to an alkyl exchange reaction to form Cp2HfR′Cl. Mono(alkyl)hafnocene complexes prepared by (ii) reacted with one equiv of R′Li to give Cp2HfRR′ (R ≠ R′) with a high selectivity.
Mass Transport on a Clay-modified Electrode as Studied by Quartz Crystal Microbalance Method
Authors: Yao Ken , Shimazu Katsuaki , Yamagishi Akihiko 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The quartz crystal microbalance method was applied to examine mass transport processes in the redox reactions of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ / [Ru(bpy)3]3+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl) in a clay modified electrode, and it was concluded that the oxidation of three [Ru(bpy)3]2+ molecules in a clay film was accompanied with the elimination of one [Ru(bpy)3]3+ molecule.
The First Synthesis of 1-Fluoro- and 1,3-Difluoroazulenes
Authors: Ueno Tetsuya , Toda Haruhiko , Yasunami Masafumi , Yoshifuji Masaaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
1-Fluoro- and 1,3-difluoroazulenes were synthesized by the reaction of azulene with N-fluoropyridinium salts in acetonitrile. Methyl azulene-1-carboxylates were also fluorinated to give the corresponding 3-fluoro derivatives. On the basis of the UV-visible absorption spectra, the fluorine atom acts as an electron-donating group to the azulene π-system due to the +Iπ effect.
Hydrogen Peroxide as a Dynamic Trigger for Phytoalexin Production
Authors: Murai Akio , Yoshizawa Yuko , Toida Tetsuya , Sakamoto Makoto , Monden Tsutomu , Masamune Tadashi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Potato tuber tissues, when infected with Phytophthora infestans or treated with arachidonic acid, generated H2O2 which then elicited accumulation of the phytoalexins. The plant tissues, when treated with H2O2, induced phytoalexin production, indicating that H2O2 is a dynamic substance for triggering the phytoalexin production in potato.
Monolayer Assemblies of Long-chain Complex Containing Rare-earth Metal : N,N-Distearyl-dimethylammonium Tetra (4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanediono) Europate(III)
Authors: Qian Dongjin , Nakahara Hiroo , Fukuda Kiyoshige , Yang Kongzhang 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Monolayers of a newly synthesized long-chain complex of europium(III) and its mixtures with octadecane or arachidic acid were investigated. Using the conventional LB and horizontal methods, the mixed monolayers could be deposited on solid supports. For the complex in monolayer assemblies, the emission probabilities from higher excited state 5D1 than 5D0 were remarkably enhanced in comparison with those in the solution or crystalline.
Reversing-pulse Electric Birefringence of β-FeOOH Particles Dispersed in Aqueous Media
Authors: Peikov Viktor , Sasai Ryo , Yamaoka Kiwamu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The electric properties of colloidal β-FeOOH particles were investigated at a low particle concentration and at various ionic strengths by reversing-pulse electric birefringence. A dip in the electric birefringence signal was observed upon pulse reversal. The electric field orientation of the particles is due mostly to ion-fluctuation dipole moment parallel to the symmetric axis of the prolate ellipsoid.
A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of Taxol. A Synthesis of Optically Active 3,7-dibenzyloxy-4,8-di-t-butyl-dimethylsiloxy-5,5-dimethyl-6-p-methoxybenzyloxy-2-octanone by Way of Stereoselective Aldol Reactions
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Shiina Isamu , Sakata Kaku , Emura Takayuki , Seto Keitarou , Saitoh Masahiro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Optically active 3,7-dibenzyloxy-4,8-di-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-5,5-dimethyl-6-p-methoxybenzyloxy-2-octanone (2) has been synthesized by way of diastereoselective aldol reaction between 4-benzyloxy-5-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-p-methoxy-benzyloxypentanal (3) and ketene silyl acetal 4 using MgBr2·OEt2 as a catalyst. The chiral pentanal 3 was synthesized either by asymmetric aldol reaction of both prochiral aldehyde 5 and ketene silyl acetal 4 using a chiral Lewis acid or by diastereoselective aldol reaction between the chiral aldehyde 6 derived from l-serine and the lithium enolate derived from methyl isobutyrate.
Syntheses and Properties of Halogenated EDT-TTF Derivatives
Authors: Kux Ulrich , Suzuki Hironori , Sasaki Shigeru , Iyoda Masahiko 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Chlorination and bromination of EDT-TTF produced mainly the dihalogenated products (EDT-TTFCl2 and EDT-TTFBr2) with small amounts of the monohalogenated derivatives. In contrast, iodination of EDT-TTF afforded the monoiodinated derivative as the major product, together with the diiodinated compound. The molecular structures of EDT-TTFCl2 and EDT-TTFBr2 have been determined, and the conductivities of CT-complexes and radical salts of new donors reported here have been measured.
Selective Killing of a Single Cancerous T24 Cell with TiO2 Semiconducting Microelectrode under Irradiation
Authors: Sakai Hideki , Baba Ryo , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Kubota Yoshinobu , Fujishima Akira 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A titanium dioxide (TiO2) microelectrode has been applied for selective photo-killing of a single cancerous T24 cell. The anodically polarized TiO2 microelectrode effectively inactivated the T24 cell while in contact and under UV light irradiation; however, the cell was not killed when the microelectrode was located 10 μm away from the cell surface. Based on these results we concluded that the photogenerated holes and/or active oxygen species with short diffusion length are responsible for the cell death process.
Preparation of Perovskite-type LaFe0.5Co0.5O3 by Thermal Decomposition of Heteronuclear Complex, {La[Fe0.5Co0.5(CN)6]·4H2O}X
Authors: Traversa Enrico , Nunziante Patrizia , Sakamoto Masatomi , Watanabe Kazuaki , Sadaoka Yoshihiko , Sakai Yoshiro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Submicron perovskite-type LaFe0.5Co0.5O3 powders were prepared by the thermal decomposition of a title cyanide-bridged heteronuclear complex. The decomposition of CN bridge begins at about 360 °C and the formation of perovskite-type oxide proceeds at a higher temperature with a gradual decomposition of carbonates. Perovskite-type LaFe0.5Co0.5O3 with cubic structure was formed when the complex was calcined at 700 °C. By raising the calcining temperature to 900 °C, hexagonal phase was formed.
Synthesis and Relative Configuration of the Sugar Part of a Marine Toxin Polycavernoside-A
Authors: Fujiwara Kenshu , Amano Seiji , Murai Akio 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Construction of the sugar part of polycavernoside-A, which has been isolated as one of toxic principles from the red alga Polycavernosa tsudai, is described starting from l-fucose and d-xylose in order to elucidate the relative stereochemistry.
Induced Smectic Phase Formed by New Liquid Crystalline Binary Systems Consisting of Main Chain Polymer and Twin Compound
Authors: Ujiie Seiji , Uchino Hiroko , Iimura Kazuyoshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The thermal and mesomorphic properties of the new liquid crystalline binary systems, consisting of a nematic main chain liquid crystalline polymer and a nematic twin liquid crystal, have been studied. The liquid crystalline binary systems formed an induced smectic A phase, which was characterized by a uniaxial conoscopic figure, a fan texture, and a broad X-ray scattering peak at the wide angle.
3,4,5-Tris(2,4-di-t-butyl-6-methoxyphenyl)-3,4,5-triselenoxo-1,2-diselena-3,4,5-triphospholane as a Selenation Reagent
Authors: An De-Lie , Toyota Kozo , Yasunami Masafumi , Yoshifuji Masaaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A new type of phosphorus-selenium containing heterocyclic compound, 3,4,5-tris(2,4-di-t-butyl-6-methoxyphenyl)-3,4,5-triselenoxo-1,2-diselena-3,4,5-triphospholane, was prepared and was allowed to react with amides to give the corresponding selenoamides in good yields.
Structure of Cyclic Hexa-Pseudopeptide Constructed from N,N′-Ethylene-Bridged-(S)-Alanyl-(S)-Alanine and Glycine
Authors: Kojima Yoshitane , Yamashita Tetsushi , Miyake Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of an 18-membered cyclic pseudopeptide containing N,N′-ethylene-bridged-(S)-alanyl-(S)-alanine and glycine was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, the structure of this pseudopeptide was examined by 1H NMR measurement in CD3CN, and by molecular mechanics calculations.
Decomposition of Chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113 in Water by Ultrasonic Irradiation
Authors: Nagata Yoshio , Hirai Kyozo , Okitsu Kenji , Dohmaru Takaaki , Maeda Yasuaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113 was readily decomposed by ultrasonic irradiation in water with high efficiency to inorganics, such as CO, CO2, HCl, and HF.
Pt Catalyst Supported on Zeolite for Selective Oxidation of CO in Reformed Gases
Authors: Watanabe Masahiro , Uchida Hiroyuki , Igarashi Hiroshi , Suzuki Miki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A new catalyst for the oxidative elimination of CO from the mixed gas with large excess H2, in application to polymer electrolyte fuel cells, was developed. The catalyst consists of Pt nanocrystallites highly dispersed on A-zeolite. The catalyst is shown to exhibit a very high selectivity, for example, 10 times larger than Pt supported on alumina, under similar conversion levels. The possibility of achieving CO rejection to very small amounts is demonstrated with the proposed catalyst.
Cyclization of Ethyne and Propyne over Lanthanide Catalysts Deposited from Eu or Yb Metal Solutions in Liquid Ammonia
Authors: Imamura Hayao , Suda Eisaku , Konishi Tomohiro , Sakata Yoshihisa , Tsuchiya Susumu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Europium and ytterbium catalysts separated on active carbon from a solution of lanthanide metals dissolved in liquid ammonia were found to be effective for oligomerization of alkynes. Selective cyclic dimerization and trimerization of propyne and ethyne to cyclohexadiene and benzene occurred during the oligomerization, respectively, in which the active catalysts were characterized as lanthanide imides induced by the thermal treatment.
Novel Ladder Polymers by the Platinum Complex-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Double Silylation Reaction of 1,2,4,5-Tetrakis(dimethylsilyl)benzene with Cyclic Diynes
Authors: Shimada Shigeru , Uchimaru Yuko , Tanaka Masato 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A platinum complex-catalyzed dehydrogenative double silylation reaction of 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(dimethylsilyl)benzene with cyclic diynes gave ladder polymers quantitatively.
CIDNP Studies on the Photochemical Reaction of 4-Methyl-2-quinolinecarbonitrile with Optically Active (S)- or (R)-2-Phenylpropionic Acid. No Evidence for the Chiral Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Ali Sameh Saad , Maeda Kiminori , Azumi Tohru 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The photochemical reactions of 4-methyl-2-quinolinecarbonitrile (MQCN) with the enantiomers of 2-phenylpropionic acid (PPA) has been studied by CIDNP technique. The problem of chemical behavior discrimination of the enantiomers of PPA proposed by Hata1 was examined. In contrast to the proposal of Hata, both (R) and (S) forms of PPA are shown to have radical intermediates in their reaction with MQCN.
Synthesis of AB Ring Model System of Taxol via Allylation of 8-Membered Ring Compound and Intramolecular Aldol Condensation
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Shiina Isamu , Kimura Kaname , Akiyama Yuji , Iwadare Hayato 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
1-t-Butyldimethylsiloxy-8,11,11-trimethylbicyclo[5.3.1]undec-7-en-9-one (2) has been synthesized via intramolecular aldol condensation of the precursor 3 by combined use of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) and CeCl3. The dicarbonyl compound 3 was prepared by allylation of 8-membered ring ketone 6b.
C–H Bond Activation of the Ferrocenyl Group in the Reaction of σ-Ferrocenylplatinum Complex with Dimethyl or Diethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate
Authors: Onitsuka Kiyotaka , Yoshida Toshiya , Adachi Tomohiro , Yoshida Toshikatsu , Sonogashira Kenkichi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The treatment of σ-ferrocenylplatinum complex with dimethyl or diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate results in the formal insertion of acetylene into the C-H bond at the 2-position of the ferrocenyl group to yield a racemic mixture of σ-(2-ethenyl)ferrocenylplatinum complex (2). Characterization of complex 2 was performed by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses.
Immobilization of Protein on Micropatterns by the Use of Photoremovable Activated Ester
Authors: Ichinose Nobuyuki , Shimo Nobuo , Masuhara Hiroshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
3-Nitrophenoxycarbonyl group was introduced to a silylated glass surface with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) through the Michael addition of corresponding acrylic acid ester to the mercapto group of the MPS. The nature of this ester group, reactivity to amino group giving amide bond (activated ester) under dark and to water giving a corresponding carboxylic acid upon UV-irradiation, was utilized to prepare micropatterns of protein on the glass surface.
Direct Observation of Edge Dislocation in Lignoceric Acid Monolayer Based on Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Kajiyama Tisato , Oishi Yushi , Suehiro Kazuaki , Hirose Fuminobu , Kuri Taishi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Structural defect in lignoceric acid monolayer was investigated with an atomic force microscope(AFM). A molecular-resolution AFM image exhibited us the first direct observation of edge dislocation in the lignoceric acid monolayer.
Bromoalkoxy Addition on N-Azolyl Olefins
Authors: Beugelmans René , Lechevallier André , Gharbaoui Tawfik , Frinault Thierry , Benhida Rachid 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
N-Azolyl olefins undergo a cohalogenation reaction when treated by the NBS/ROH system to give novel N-(bromoalkoxypropane) azolyl derivatives.
In situ Fluorescence Observation of the Vacuum Deposition Process of Cyanooctyloxybiphenyl. Fluorescence Behavior Related to Structural Transformation during Deposition
Authors: Watanabe Keizo , Orihashi Yuji , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Itaya Akira 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Fluorescence spectra of 4-cyano-4′-n-octyloxybiphenyl were measured during vacuum deposition on various substracts. A discontinuous change was found in the series of the fluorescence spectra observed during deposition. The change was ascribed to structural transformation from an amorphous state to a crystalline one. The average film thickness where the deposited film showed the transformation depended upon the property of substrate surfaces. These phenomena were discussed in terms of interactions between the substrate and the compound.
Generation of Acyl Radical Equivalents by Cathodic Reduction of Acyl Tributylphosphonium Ions
Authors: Maeda Hatsuo , Maki Toshihide , Ohmori Hidenobu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The species generated by one-electron transfer to acyl tributylphosphonium ions has proved to be potent acyl radical equivalents by the results that unsubstituted end 6-phenyl-substituted 5-hexenoic acids were transformed into cyclopentanones by the electrolysis in the presence of Bu3P in an undivided cell, although the yields were not satisfactory due to the formation of 5-hexen-1-als via further one-electron reduction of the radicals before their cyclization.
Catalytic Formation of Ketones via Double Alkylation of Carbon Monoxide Resulting from Reductive Disproportionation of Carbon Dioxide by [Ru(bpy)2(qu)(CO)]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, qu = quinoline)
Authors: Nakajima Hiroshi , Mizukawa Tetsuro , Nagao Hirotaka , Tanaka Koji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The title complex catalyzes reductive disproportionation of CO2 to afford CO and CO32− in the electrochemical CO2 reduction in the presence of LiBF4, while the same reduction in the presence of (CH3)4NBF4 in DMSO/CH3CN produced CH3COCH3, CH3COCH2COO−, and HCOO− as well as CO and CO32−.
Effects of Additives in the Reduction Using Bakers’ Yeast Cell-Free Extract
Authors: Ishihara Kohji , Higashi Yuji , Tsuboi Sadao , Utaka Masanori 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
By addition of diisopropyl fluorophosphate the undesirable hydrolysis of α-acetoxy ketones or alcohols was completely inhibited in the asymmetric reduction using bakers’ yeast cell-free extract, but hardly inhibited in the reduction using the whole cell suspension. The control of stereoselectivity by addition of metal chlorides was also conducted more effectively in the cell-free extract.