bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Center in India offers training in water management
Authors: Aswathanarayana U. 
Published: October 2006

The Mahadevan International Centre for Water Resources Management in Hyderabad, India, conducted an interactive training course 7–17 December 2002, on the relationship of land surface hydrological processes to water resources management and extreme weather events. The course was designed to address the training needs of government personnel in Andhra Pradesh State working in the area of water resources management, particularly in the context of severe drought and over‐exploitation of groundwater.The Mahadevan Centre, modeled after the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, serves as a clearinghouse for information pertaining to water sciences and technologies for the developing countries.
Laser Ranging Workshop draws international research community
Authors: Noomen R. , Klosko S. 
Published: October 2006

Approximately 150 participants from organizations throughout the world recently attended the 13th International Workshop on Laser Ranging to discuss the status, problems, and progress of various elements of satellite and lunar laser ranging. The theme “Towards Millimeter Accuracy” was woven through the 13 sessions.The International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) and the laser ranging community, which are concerned with both near‐Earth Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) techniques, organize these workshops every other year. On the hardware end of the spectrum, participants reported on developments on timing devices, calibration techniques, lasers, detectors, control systems, and other technology advancements that have led to a single‐shot precision of the range observations at the 5‐mm level, which is now achievable. The single‐shot observations, generated at 10 Hz, are typically compressed into so‐called normal points, which effectively reduces noise contributions to 1 mm or better. Researchers at the laser station in Graz, Austria, are currently working to reduce noise contributions further with the development of a laser range system that will operate with a frequency of 1 kHz.
Mass Media Fellowships bridge Science and Journalism
Authors: Rumbaitis‐del Rio Cristina 
Published: October 2006

This past autumn, I had the chance to learn first‐hand how journalists work as an AGU/American Association for the Advancement of Sciences (AAAS) Mass Media Fellow.I took 10 weeks “off” from being a graduate student in ecology at the University of Colorado to work as a science reporter for WOSU‐AM, a National Public Radio station in Columbus, Ohio.
Definition team of NASA's “Living with a Star” Geospace Mission sets science priorities
Authors: Kintner Paul M. , Guhathakurta Madhulika , Spann James , Giles Barbara 
Published: October 2006

For decades, the geospace science community has emphasized the importance of solar influences on magnetospheric and ionospheric plasma dynamics, and the consequences of those influences on Earth‐ and space‐based technological systems. In 2000, NASA presented a compelling case for this new research to the United States Congress, which awarded NASAs Space Science Enterprise with a new initiative, Living HHMH with a Star (LWS), with a goal “to better study solar variability and understand its effects on humanity.” The primary goal of LWS is to develop the scientific understanding necessary to enable the U.S. to effectively address those aspects of the connected Sun‐Earth system that directly affect life and society.The NASA personnel associated with the Sun‐Earth connection theme of the Space Science Enterprise eagerly stepped up to this challenge and began an accelerated activity to define LWS. As part of its definition activities, NASA appointed a panel, the LWS Geospace Mission Definition Team (GMDT), chaired by space physicist Paul Kintner of Cornell University. The panel was composed of scientists from universities, industry and government laboratories, and representatives from both the research and space operations user communities. In a recently released report, it presented recommendations for the science goals and implementation approach for the Geospace Project of the LWS program, a crucial component of the National Space Weather Program.
Ice logging with light and sound
Authors: Bay Ryan C. , Bramall Nathan , Price P. Buford 
Published: October 2006

Polar ice may well be the purest solid substance on Earth, and yet the impurities it contains—gases, dust, and micro‐organisms—provide a rich record of Earth's past climate, volcanism, and one‐celled life going back ˜400,000 years. Until recently detailed records had been deciphered mostly in chemical and biological laboratories from meter‐long ice cores removed by drills capable of coring to bedrock thousands of meters down. Now, borehole instruments are adding a new dimension to the study of ice sheets. They can rapidly log records of past climate, volcanism, c‐axis ice fabric, and soon, even microbial life and grain size.Gary Clow, a pioneer in borehole logging, has been measuring temperature profiles that provide information on climate and ice flow [Dahl‐Jensen et al., 1998]. From sonic velocity profiles, Kendrick Taylor and Gregg Lamorey are able to infer c‐axis fabrics, which record the history of ice flow Robert Hawley and Ed Waddington have developed a video logger that detects annual layers in firn ice.
Handling of petroleum tanker disaster upsets Spanish Earth sciences community
Authors: Jacobs Judy 
Published: October 2006

In Spanish judicial and legislative arenas, and in the national press, investigations and accusations continue to be traded over exactly how the government made its decision to have the leaking petroleum tanker, Prestige, towed to a spot 220 kilometers off Spain's northwest coast—where it broke up—and whether this was the best way to keep the already‐leaking tanker from spilling more oil.The incident occurred 19 November 2002; it has created one of Spain's worst environmental and economic disasters.
Nelson Spencer (1918–2002)
Authors: Brace Larry , Carignan George , Donahue Tom , Nagy Andrew , Hunten Donald 
Published: October 2006

Nelson Spencer, former chief of the Laboratory for Atmospheres at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, died on 31 August 2002 in Bethesda, Maryland, at the age of 84 due to complications from Parkinson's disease. He had been an AGU member (SPA) since 1950.He was born in Buffalo, New York, and graduated from the University of Michigan in 1941 with a degree in electrical engineering. Spencer served as a naval officer during World War II and attended Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology while in the service. After the war, he returned to the University of Michigan for graduate studies, earning his master's degree in electrical engineering in 1953. He soon became director of that department's Space Physics Research Laboratory (SPRL), and later, a full professor. In 1960, Spencer moved to Washington D.C. to lead Goddard's upper atmosphere research effort, serving for many years as chief of the Laboratory for Atmospheres. He retired in 1986.
Report of the fellows committee
Authors: Hofmann Albrecht W. 
Published: October 2006

The AGU Fellows Committee is pleased to announce it has just elected 41 AGU members as new Fellows for their “eminence in geophysics.” The total number elected each year is established by AGU's bylaws and is limited to 0.1% of the total membership.The process of electing Fellows begins with the nominations submitted by the general membership to AGU, that are then sent to the section Fellows committees. The section committees review these nominations, prepare their rankings, and forward an allotted number of nominations with their rankings to the Union Fellows Committee. Additional “cosponsored” nominations supported by two or more sections are encouraged, and they have had a very high success rate in the final elections by the Fellows Committees.
Uncovering the footprint of former ice streams off Antarctica
Authors:   COHIMAR/SEDANO Scientific Party
Published: October 2006

Antarctic ice sheets and ice caps have been expanding and contracting following global climatic cycles. The last time the Antarctic ice cover peaked, at least in Western Antarctica, was ca. 21 ky ago during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The strong warming (nearly 2.8°C) over the past 50 years, and the yearly recent collapse of limited portions (hundreds to a few thousands of square miles per event) of ice shelves around the Antarctic Peninsula have brought to the headlines the debate about the potential collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) in the near future under the influence of global warming.Such a catastrophe would substantially contribute to global sea level rise (a resulting 5 m increase is expected); alter water mass conditions, circulation, and productivity around Antarctica and in the world ocean; and modify the Earth's climate.The economic,social, and ecological impacts of these changes would depend greatly on the rate at which they might take place [Bindschadler, 1998” . A detailed knowledge of the past extent of ice sheets and the timing of their advances and retreats thus becomes essential to quantify the rates of change and to properly assess the future stability of the WAIS and nearby ice caps. The stability of ice sheets is largely dependent on ice drainage, which mostly occurs via ice streaming along glacial troughs. Ice streams are thus a key element to solve the puzzle linking ice sheet stability, sea level rise, and climate change at a global scale.
Claim of largest flood on record proves false
Authors: Sheffer N. A. , Enzel Y. , Waldmann N. , Grodek T. , Benito G. 
Published: October 2006

A study of paleofloods in the Gardon River in southern France reveals the occurrence of past extreme floods that were larger than any observed historically. From 8 to 9 September 2002, during the course of the study by a complete coincidence, an extreme flood claimed the lives of 21 people and caused millions of dollars worth of damage to the towns and villages along the river. This flood was larger in magnitude than any flood on record, according to gaged data since 1890.An autumn storm, which is typical of this region, struck with immense force. The rain cell migrated from the lower reaches of the basin on the evening of 8 September to the upper parts of the basin, producing 680 mm of rain in 20 hours.The flood's peak discharge is preliminary estimated at 6000 m3 s−1. This flood is now considered by the media and professionals to be “The largest flood on record.” However, our research proves otherwise.
Lanzerotti to head new AGU journal on Space Weather
Authors: Lifland Jonathan 
Published: October 2006

Louis J. Lanzerotti has been named editor of a new AGU online publication devoted to the emerging field of near‐Earth space conditions and their effects on technical systems.Space Weather: The International Journal of Research and Applications will be the first journal dedicated solely to the subject, and will include peer‐reviewed research, as well as news, features, and opinion articles. A quarterly magazine digest will also be published from the online edition and distributed free of charge to space weather professionals.
Establishing a U.S. Water Commission
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

U.S. legislation to establish the Twenty‐First Century Water Commission would help to address the critical issue of the future of the nation's water supply, U.S. Rep. John Linder (R‐Georgia) told a House of Representatives Resources subcommittee on 1 April.The bill, H.R. 135, would establish the commission to develop recommendations for a comprehensive water strategy to address the nation's future needs. H.R. 135 builds on legislation (H.R. 3561) which was introduced during the last session of Congress, and it now awaits consideration by the full Resources Committee.
Plasma Astrophysics: Kinetic Processes in Solar and Stellar Coronae, Second Edition
Authors: Gary S. Peter 
Published: October 2006

A collision‐less plasma is an ionized fluid that is so hot and tenuous that interactions between individual particles are unimportant. In such a plasma, electric and magnetic fields mediate interactions among particles, and fundamental physics is addressed by kinetic theories that describe not only the spatial and temporal variations of the medium, but also its velocity‐space properties.The outer corona of our Sun and the outer coronae of many stars are collision‐less plasmas. Thus, the preface of Plasma Astrophysics begins. “This textbook is intended as an introduction to the physics of solar and stellar coronae, emphasizing kinetic plasma processes.” But the content extends well beyond the stated purview. In fact, many plasmas of the universe are collision‐less, including many space plasmas—those that are subject to in situ measurements by spacecraft—and a wide variety of astrophysical plasmas. Thus, although the parameters and phenomena that characterize the collision‐less plasmas of space, the solar corona, and astrophysics are often very different, the physics in each case derives from the same fundamental kinetic plasma theory.
Settlement reached in air gun use in ocean‐based seismic research
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

The U.S. National Science Foundation and the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) have settled a lawsuit brought against NSF that had threatened to scuttle the use of air gun arrays for use in NSF‐sponsored seismic and geological studies at sea.The parties agreed to a 14 April dismissal of the suit.
The EGS‐AGU‐EUG joint assembly, April 2003
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The first—and last—joint meeting of AGU, the European Union of Geosciences (EUG), and the European Geophysical Society (EGS) was held 6–11 April in Nice, France. It was AGU's Spring Meeting for this year, and the more than 10,000 participants from over 90 countries made it one of the largest gatherings of geoscientists ever.For AGU, this was more than a Spring Meeting. It was an opportunity to celebrate the success of these European geophysical science societies, and to take pride in AGU's close relationship with both of them. AGU's efforts in fostering cooperation among geophysical science societies support the long‐term goal shown in the text box on next page. These efforts are also consistent with the vision statement in AGU's current strategic plan:“…through cooperative activities with regional, national, and international partner societies, the resources of all are extended, the geophysical sciences are given greater visibility and individual researchers and students are better served.”
Maps measure net primary production
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

New maps of Earth's net primary production are the first consistent and continuous global measurements of the rate that plant life absorbs carbon from the atmosphere, NASA announced on 23 April.The maps incorporate measurements of plant properties collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, or MODIS, with other satellite‐ and surface‐based measurements to produce a map every eight days that indicates how much carbon dioxide is taken in by vegetation during photosynthesis, minus the amount given off during respiration. This global measure of biological productivity of land and marine plants could provide insights into Earth's carbon cycle, according to NASA scientists.
Dresselhaus to Chair AIP Governing Board
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Mildred S. Dresselhaus has been chosen as the first woman to chair the governing board of the American Institute of Physics (AIP).AGU is one of AIP's largest member organizations and is represented proportionately on AIP's various governing bodies. Robert E. Dickinson, AGU's current president, is a member of AIP's governing board, as is AGU's executive director, Fred Spilhaus, its director of publications, Judy Holoviak, and members James L. Burch (Southwest Research Institute), Louis Lanzerotti (Bell Labs), and Jeffrey J. Park (Yale University). In addition, Lanzerotti serves on AIP's 13‐member executive committee.
Geodynamics, Second Edition
Authors: Ito Garrett 
Published: October 2006

Turcotte and Schubert's first edition of Geodynamics has become the premier textbook on applications of continuum physics to geologic problems. After 20 years of widespread use by students, educators, and researchers, the second edition of Geodynamics is a welcome revision. All individuals working in the solid Earth sciences should own this textbook.Geodynamics provides practical insight into the governing physics of many processes in geology and geophysics. The general approach is to emphasize geological phenomena, derive the governing equations, and then expand to a variety of applications. Most of the applications are presented in one‐spatial dimension, and this provides an effective starting point for conveying the basic theory Derivations in multi‐dimensions are limited, however, largely because tensor and index notations are not used.
Operational Oceanography: Implementation at the European and Regional Scales. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on EuroGOOS
Authors: Urban Ed 
Published: October 2006

The goal of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) is to create a coordinated, worldwide system of ocean observations from satellites, ships, in‐situ buoys, and other sources. GOOS was adopted as a priority activity by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) in 1991, and as plans for GOOS developed, it became obvious that implementing an effective global system would hinge on a practical issue: how to create an integrated global system in terms of observations, data analysis, and data access when most observing systems are deployed and maintained by nations and regional intergovernmental organizations. Two obvious paths were taken: regional GOOS activities were developed throughout the world, and additional observations were submitted to the world data centers to make national data available worldwide.European GOOS (EuroGOOS) was founded in 1994 (see www.eurogoos.org) as one of several regional GOOS acthdties. The proceedings of the Second International Conference on EuroGOOS (Operational Oceanography: Implementation at the European and Regional Scales) present a snapshot of the status of EuroGOOS and its possible components as of March 1999.
Ocean drilling memorandum signed by U.S. and Japan
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

The next phase in scientific ocean drilling moved forward on 22 April, with the United States and Japan signing a memorandum of cooperation to proceed with the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP).The agreement, which has been years in the making, provides the operational and scientific ramework for the IODFJ, which is scheduled to begin on 1 October and ramp up to full operation in 2007. The memorandum calls for cooperation on the program through 30 September 2013.
Barren Lands: An Epic Search for Diamonds in the North American Arctic
Authors: Hotz Robert Lee 
Published: October 2006

I have carried a copy of Barren Lands by Kevin Krajick with me longer than any reviewer with a sense of decency should. It has traveled with me through hasty household moves to New Haven, then to Los Angeles, and finally to New York. I have read it three times now; each time I buried myself in its text, I discovered a different, richly rewarding book.The first of the stories the book tells, as its subtitle promises, is a historical epic on the search for diamonds in the Arctic that details the 450‐year history of diamond exploration in North America. Krajick also touches on discoveries in Brazil, India, and South Africa. This account is rich in archival gems. Who, for instance, knew that doctors treated Pope Clement VII in 1534 by dosing the ailing pontiff with 40,000 ducats worth of ground‐up diamonds and other gems? Or that alchemists believed that diamonds could be cultivated, like flowers, by watering them with May dew?
National earthquake program comes under scrutiny
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2006

The lead agency managing the U.S. National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) came under heavy scrutiny during an 8 May hearing on the program's re‐authorization, held by a science subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives. Funding levels for NEHRP, which have significantly decreased in real dollars since the 1970s, also were criticized during the hearing.Still, the earthquake program itself generally was praised during the hearing as being a successful and valuable, but underfunded national asset at a time when earthquake hazards are increasing.
Researchers discuss abrupt climate change: Ice sheets and oceans in action
Authors: Dokken Trond , Andrews John , Hemming Sidney , Stokes Chris , Jansen Eystein 
Published: October 2006

Large temperature variations on land, in the air, and at the ocean surface, and highly variable flux of ice‐rafted debris (IRD) delivered to the North Atlantic Ocean show that rapid climate fluctuations took place during the last glacial period. These quasi‐periodic, high‐amplitude climate variations followed a sequence of events recognized as a rapid warming, followed by a phase of gradual cooling, and terminating with more rapid cooling and increased flux of IRD to the North Atlantic Ocean.Each cycle lasted ˜1500 years, and was followed by an almost identical sequence. These cycles are referred to as Dansgaard/Oechger cycles (D/O cycles), and approximately every fourth cycle culminated in a more pronounced cooling with a massive discharge of IRD into the North Atlantic Ocean over an interval of ˜500 years. These massive discharges of IRD are known as Heinrich layers. “Heinrich events” are thus characterized as a rapid transfer of IRD from a “source,” the bed of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS), to a “sink,” the North Atlantic.
Data on bottom water in Prydz Bay, Antarctica, revised
Authors: Bindoff Nathaniel L. , Forbes Andrew , Wong Annie P. S. 
Published: October 2006

We report on salinity biases in conductivity‐temperature‐depth (CTD) data collected offshore Prydz Bay that affect conclusions about possible bottom water formation. The role of the Prydz Bay region (68–81°E) in bottom water production around Antarctica is an important unresolved issue [Smith and Treguer, 1994; Nunes Vaz and Lennon, 1996; Whitworth et al., 1998]. Wong, Bindoff, and Forbes [1998] identified a new, dense water type over the abyssal plain northwest of the Prydz Bay Channel at ˜72.5°E. Its spatial pattern was such that the highest sea floor salinities, ˜0.03 psu above historical measurements, were observed nearest the channel and decreased westward, away from Prydz BayExamination of the calibrated CTD data bottle data analyzed in Wong et al. [1998] shows a systematic bias in salinities off the continental shelf, most strongly in the stations to the west of Prydz Bay. The bias appears directly attributable to an undetected deterioration in conductivity cell performance toward the end of the observation program. The change in cell behavior is consistent with a cracked conductivity cell. This deterioration introduced an artificial curvature into the salinity profiles at depths exceeding 2000 m and a wider spread of the bottom salinity values to the west and north of Prydz Bay.