bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinomas show higher rates of microsatellite instability and promoter methylation of p16 and hMLH1: A study matched for T classification and tumor location
Authors: Kazama Yoshihiro , Watanabe Toshiaki , Kanazawa Takamitsu , Tanaka Junichiro , Tanaka Toshiaki , Nagawa Hirokazu 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundExtensive genetic and epigenetic analysis of poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinomas (Por) has been difficult, as the number of cases is too small.MethodsWe investigated genetic and epigenetic alterations of 53 cases of Por and 53 cases of well‐differentiated colorectal adenocarcinomas (WD) to clarify their differences. The cases of WD were matched with the cases of Por for T classification and tumor location, which influence genetic and epigenetic alterations. We evaluated microsatellite instability (MSI) status and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of four loci (2p, 5q, 17p, 18q), and defined “MSI tumors” as those that showed MSI‐H, and “chromosomal instability (CIN) tumors” as those that showed LOH but not MSI‐H. Further, we evaluated the methylation status of the hMLH1 and p16 promoter region.ResultsMSI tumors were significantly more frequent in Por (22.6%) than in WD (3.8%; P = 0.0041). CIN tumors were significantly less frequent in Por (64.2%) than in WD (83.0%; P = 0.046). Further, methylation of the p16 and hMLH1 promoter region was significantly more frequent in Por than in WD (P = 0.037, P = 0.047, respectively).ConclusionsOur results indicate that Por tumorigenesis strongly correlates with MSI and methylation of the p16 and hMLH1 promoter region. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:278–283. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser Trimming of Micro Mirror Devices
Authors: Hänel Jens , Keiper Bernd , Bleul Karsten , Kaufmann Christian , Bonitz Jens 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLaser trimming of Micro Mirror Devices promises an increasing yield in microsystem technology. Therefore the 3D‐Micromac AG and the Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM) have developed a module for measuring and tuning silicon micro actuators as well as microstructures. By using an ultra short pulsed laser with an UV‐wavelength the cutting of previously etched mass trimming elements and beam stiffness trimming elements has been implemented. These elements for modifying the resonant frequency of the micro mirror device are cut off by removing of silicon connector bars. The resonant frequency was influenced successfully by using this laser trimming tool in a clean room environment at wafer level and the subsequent bonding process of the wafer was demonstrated.
Femtosecond Laser Technology in Use: Safety Aspects
Authors: Krüger Jörg , Spielmann Christian 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn recent years, femtosecond lasers matured from sensitive research setups to turnkey systems for an increasing number of applications. Now that running an ultra‐short pulse laser system needs no longer a specialized scientist, safety issues become more crucial. Ultrashort laser pulses have extremely high peak powers and even scattered radiation may possess severe risks to the unprotected eye. Accordingly, special protection schemes are necessary for these unique laser systems.
Osteoblasts‐derived TGF‐β1 enhance motility and integrin upregulation through Akt, ERK, and NF‐κB‐dependent pathway in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Wei Ying‐Ying , Chen Ying‐Ju , Hsiao Yu‐Chun , Huang Yi‐Chia , Lai Tzu‐Hsu , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBone metastases are common complications of breast cancer. Integrins are the major adhesive molecules in mammalian cells. Here we found that osteoblast conditioned medium (OBCM) increased the migration and cell surface expression of β1 or β3 integrin in human breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231 cells). β1 or β3 integrin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or small interference RNA (siRNA) against β1 or β3 integrin inhibited the OBCM‐induced increase in the migration of breast cancer cells. Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) siRNA could remarkably blocked OBCM‐induced chemomigration and β1 and β3 integrin expression in breast cancer cells. Stimulation of cells with OBCM caused an increase in Akt and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in a time‐dependent manner. In addition, treatment of MDA‐MB‐231 cells with phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor (LY294002), ERK inhibitor (PD98059), NF‐κB inhibitor (PDTC), or IκB protease inhibitor (TPCK) inhibited OBCM‐induced cells migration and integrins expression. Treatment of MDA‐MB‐231 cells with OBCM induced IκB kinase α/β (IKK α/β) phosphorylation, IκBα phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, p65 Ser536 phosphorylation, and κB‐luciferase activity. The OBCM‐mediated increases in IKK α/β phosphorylation, p65 Ser536 phosphorylation, and κB‐luciferase activity were inhibited by LY294002 and PD98059. In addition, TGF‐β1 siRNA also reduced the OBCM‐induced ERK, Akt, IKKα/β, IκBα, and p65 phosphorylation. Taken together, these results suggest that the osteoblast‐derived TGF‐β1 acts through Akt and ERK, which in turn activates IKKα/β and NF‐κB, resulting in the activations of β1 and β3 integrins and contributing the migration of breast cancer cell. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐Term culture of in vitro produced bovine preimplantation embryos with insulin‐like growth factor‐i prevents heat shock‐induced apoptosis through activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3‐Kinase/Akt pathway
Authors: Jousan F. Dean , Oliveira Lilian J. , Hansen Peter J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐I) has been implicated as a thermoprotective molecule for the preimplantation bovine embryo. Here, it was shown that effects of heat shock (41°C for 15 hr) on induction of apoptosis and reduction in cell number in bovine embryos collected at Day 5 after fertilization were blocked by addition of 100 ng/ml IGF‐I at the initiation of heat shock. This action of IGF‐I to block heat shock‐induced apoptosis was eliminated if embryos were cultured with either a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (wortmannin) or an Akt inhibitor (1L‐6‐hydroxymethyl‐chiro‐inositol 2‐(R)‐2‐o‐methyl‐3‐o‐octadecylcarbonate). Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed the expression of phosphorylated Akt for IGF‐I and control embryos. Immunoblotting using an antibody to Akt (phospho S473) indicated increased phosphorylation of Akt in IGF‐I‐treated embryos. In conclusion, short‐term treatment of embryos with IGF‐I can block induction of apoptosis caused by heat shock through signaling events requiring PI3K and Akt. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 681–688, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confirmation of the role of N‐acetyltransferase 2 in teratogen‐induced cleft palate using transgenics and knockouts
Authors: Erickson Robert P. , Cao Wen , Acuña Diana K. , Strnatka Diana W. , Hunter Robert J. , Chau Binh T. , Wakefield Larissa V. , Sim Edith , McQueen Charlene A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPrevious work on Dilantin‐ and hydrocortisone‐induced cleft palate and cleft lip with or without cleft palate using congenics for the N‐acetyltransferase loci (Nat1 and Nat2 are closely linked) and recombinant inbred lines implicated the Nat1,2 region in susceptibility to teratogen‐induced orofacial clefting. Since Nat1 does not differ between the two strains, Nat2 appeared to be responsible. We have now tested this conclusion using transgenics and knockouts. Transgenics for human NAT1 (equivalent to mouse Nat2) and knockouts for Nat2 were tested for susceptibility to Dilantin, hydrocortisone, and 6‐aminonicotinamide‐induced orofacial clefting. We found that Nat2 greatly influences teratogen‐induced orofacial clefting on the A/J background but not on the C57BL/6J background. The magnitude and direction of the effects depended on which teratogen was used. The Nat2 knockout did not make C57BL/6J susceptible or A/J (already with very low activity) more susceptible but significantly decreased sporadic clefting in the A/J strain. We conclude that only the A/J strain, with several loci affecting orofacial clefting, is influenced by Nat2. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1071–1076, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The cell cycle control protein cdc25C is present, and phosphorylated on serine 214 in the transition from germinal vesicle to metaphase II in human oocyte meiosis
Authors: Cunat S. , Anahory T. , Berthenet C. , Hedon B. , Franckhauser C. , Fernandez A. , Hamamah S. , Lamb N.J.C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCdc25C is a dual specificity phosphatase essential for dephosphorylation and activation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (cdk1), a prerequisite step for mitosis in all eucaryotes. Cdc25C activation requires phosphorylation on at least six sites including serine 214 (S214) which is essential for metaphase/anaphase transit. Here, we have investigated S214 phosphorylation during human meiosis with the objectives of determining if this mitotic phosphatase cdc25C participates in final meiotic divisions in human oocytes. One hundred forty‐eight human oocytes from controlled ovarian stimulation protocols were stained for immunofluorescence: 33 germinal vesicle (GV), 37 metaphase stage I (MI), and 78 unfertilized metaphase stage II (MII). Results were stage dependent, identical, independent of infertility type, or stimulation protocol. During GV stages, phospho‐cdc25C is localized at the oocyte periphery. During early meiosis I (MI), phosphorylated cdc25C is no longer detected until onset of meiosis I. Here, phospho‐cdc25C localizes on interstitial microtubules and at the cell periphery corresponding to the point of polar body expulsion. As the first polar body reaches the periphery, phosphorylated cdc25C is localized at the junction corresponding to the mid body position. On polar body expulsion, the interior signal for phospho‐cdc25C is lost, but remains clearly visible in the extruded polar body. In atresic or damaged oocytes, the polar body no longer stains for phospho‐cdc25C. Human cdc25C is both present and phosphorylated during meiosis I and localizes in a fashion similar to that seen during human mitotic divisions implying that the involvement of cdc25C is conserved and functional in meiotic cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1176–1184, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bayesian enhanced decision making for deteriorating repairable systems with preventive maintenance
Authors: Huang Yeu‐Shiang , Hung Chi‐Chang , Fang Chih‐Chiang 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSince a system and its components usually deteriorate with age, preventive maintenance (PM) is often performed to restore or keep the function of a system in a good state. Furthermore, PM is capable of improving the health condition of the system and thus prolongs its effective age. There has been a vast amount of research to find optimal PM policies for deteriorating repairable systems. However, such decisions involve numerous uncertainties and the analyses are typically difficult to perform because of the scarcity of data. It is therefore important to make use of all information in an efficient way. In this article, a Bayesian decision model is developed to determine the optimal number of PM actions for systems which are maintained according to a periodic PM policy. A non‐homogeneous Poisson process with a power law failure intensity is used to describe the deteriorating behavior of the repairable system. It is assumed that the status of the system after a PM is somewhere between as good as new for a perfect repair and as good as old for a minimal repair, and for failures between two preventive maintenances, the system undergoes minimal repairs. Finally, a numerical example is given and the results of the proposed approach are discussed after performing sensitivity analysis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
Simultaneous determination of production and maintenance schedules using in‐line equipment condition and yield information
Authors: Sloan Thomas 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn many manufacturing environments, equipment condition has a significant impact on product quality, or yield. This paper presents a semi‐Markov decision process model of a single‐stage production system with multiple products and multiple maintenance actions. The model simultaneously determines maintenance and production schedules, accounting for the fact that equipment condition affects the yield of each product differently. It extends earlier work by allowing the expected time between decision epochs to vary by both action and machine state, by allowing multiple maintenance actions, and by treating the outcome of maintenance as less than certain. Sufficient conditions are developed that ensure the monotonicity of both the optimal production and maintenance actions. While the maintenance conditions closely resemble previously studied conditions for this type of problem, the production conditions represent a significant departure from earlier results. The simultaneous solution method is compared to an approach commonly used in industry, where the maintenance and production problems are treated independently. Solving more than one thousand test problems confirms that the combination of both features of the model—accounting for product differences and solving the problems simultaneously—has a significant impact on performance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
Pitfalls of using a single criterion for selecting experimental designs
Authors: Goel Tushar , Haftka Raphael T. , Shyy Wei , Watson Layne T. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFor surrogate construction, a good experimental design (ED) is essential to simultaneously reduce the effect of noise and bias errors. However, most EDs cater to a single criterion and may lead to small gains in that criterion at the expense of large deteriorations in other criteria. We use multiple criteria to assess the performance of different popular EDs. We demonstrate that these EDs offer different trade‐offs, and that use of a single criterion is indeed risky. In addition, we show that popular EDs, such as Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and D‐optimal designs, often leave large regions of the design space unsampled even for moderate dimensions. We discuss a few possible strategies to combine multiple criteria and illustrate them with examples. We show that complementary criteria (e.g. bias handling criterion for variance‐based designs and vice versa) can be combined to improve the performance of EDs. We demonstrate improvements in the trade‐offs between noise and bias error by combining a model‐based criterion, like the D‐optimality criterion, and a geometry‐based criterion, like LHS. Next, we demonstrate that selecting an ED from three candidate EDs using a suitable error‐based criterion helped eliminate potentially poor designs. Finally, we show benefits from combining the multiple criteria‐based strategies, that is, generation of multiple EDs using the D‐optimality and LHS criteria, and selecting one design using a pointwise bias error criterion. The encouraging results from the examples indicate that it may be worthwhile studying these strategies more rigorously and in more detail. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reproducing kernel enhanced local radial basis collocation method
Authors: Chen J. S. , Hu W. , Hu H. Y. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractStandard radial basis functions (RBFs) offer exponential convergence, however, the method is suffered from the large condition numbers due to their ‘nonlocal’ approximation. The nonlocality of RBFs also limits their applications to small‐scale problems. The reproducing kernel functions, on the other hand, provide polynomial reproducibility in a ‘local’ approximation, and the corresponding discrete systems exhibit relatively small condition numbers. Nonetheless, reproducing kernel functions produce only algebraic convergence. This work intends to combine the advantages of RBFs and reproducing kernel functions to yield a local approximation that is better conditioned than that of the RBFs, while at the same time offers a higher rate of convergence than that of reproducing kernel functions. Further, the locality in the proposed approximation allows its application to large‐scale problems. Error analysis of the proposed method is also provided. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the improved conditioning and accuracy of the proposed method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Derivatives of complex eigenvectors with distinct and repeated eigenvalues
Authors: Xu Zhonghai , Wu Baisheng 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the computation of the first‐order derivatives of complex eigenvectors for general non‐defective eigensystems. A new normalization condition is proposed, with which we can compute unique first‐order derivatives of arbitrary differentiable eigenvectors of systems with distinct and repeated eigenvalues. We also present an efficient algorithm to compute the particular solutions to the governing equations of the first‐order derivatives of eigenvectors. Finally, numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
English‐language acculturation predicts academic performance in nursing students who speak English as a second language
Authors: Salamonson Yenna , Everett Bronwyn , Koch Jane , Andrew Sharon , Davidson Patricia M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractStudents who speak English as a second language (ESL) face considerable challenges in English language universities, but little is known about the relationship between English‐language acculturation and academic performance. A prospective, correlational design was used to validate the English Language Acculturation Scale (ELAS), a measure of the linguistic aspect of acculturation, and to determine the relationship between English‐language acculturation and academic achievement among 273 first‐year nursing students. Exploratory factor analyses demonstrated that the ELAS was a valid and reliable measure (α = .89). When ELAS scores were examined in relation to students' grades, students with the lowest ELAS scores also had the lowest mean subject grades, highlighting the need to place greater emphasis on identifying English‐language acculturation among ESL students. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:86–94, 2008
Physiological and psychological symptoms of grief in widows
Authors: Kowalski Susan D. , Bondmass Mary D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this cross‐sectional descriptive survey of 173 widows, we describe their grief symptoms using an open‐ended questionnaire and the Revised Grief Experience Inventory. Self‐reported physical symptoms included pain, gastro‐intestinal problems, medical/surgical conditions, sleep disturbances, and neurological/circulatory issues. Psychological symptoms were reported as depression, anxiety, and loneliness. The mean total grief score was 71.4 ± 30.2 (possible range 22–132). Physical symptoms were significantly correlated with the total mean grief score, and subscales of physical distress, depression, existential tension, and guilt. When the subjects were grouped by years since loss, (range 1–5 years), there was no significant decrease found in overall grief scores, suggesting symptoms of grief experienced by widows may continue up to at least 5 years. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:23–30, 2008
The role of TLR activation in inflammation
Authors: Sabroe I , Parker LC , Dower SK , Whyte MKB 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Toll‐like receptor family was originally identified in Drosophila, where it provides important developmental and immunological signalling. In mammals, the developmental signal appears to have been lost, but the immunological defence role of these receptors has been expanded to provide broad recognition of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic pathogens. There is increasing evidence that these receptors go beyond the recognition of microbial molecules to sense host tissue damage. Recognition of host molecules and commensal microbes is also involved in the restoration of normal tissue architecture after injury and in maintenance of epithelial health. Recent developments in the TLR field highlight the importance of these molecules to human health and disease and demonstrate that their targeting, to boost immunity or inhibit inflammation, is both feasible and also potentially challenging. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of apoptosis in autoimmunity
Authors: Maniati E , Potter P , Rogers NJ , Morley BJ 
Published: December 2007

AbstractApoptosis and the subsequent removal of apoptotic cells underpin a healthy immune system. They are crucial for both the maintenance of self‐tolerance and the contraction of clonally expanded lymphocytes at the conclusion of immune responses. Aberrant apoptosis and the disposal of apoptotic cells is implicated in the development of both systemic and organ‐specific autoimmune disease and is a major contributing factor in disease susceptibility. Dissection of the molecular mechanisms involved in dysregulated apoptosis may reveal pathways which can be targeted for more effective therapeutic intervention. This review highlights the molecular events underlying programmed cell death and apoptotic cell uptake, and summarizes recent studies that link impaired apoptotic death to autoimmunity. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nod‐like proteins in inflammation and disease
Authors: Carneiro LAM , Magalhaes JG , Tattoli I , Philpott DJ , Travassos LH 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe field of innate immunity has undergone an enormous upheaval during the last decade. The discovery of different groups of proteins, called pattern recognition molecules (PRMs), which detect microbial components, so‐called pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger protective responses, had a huge impact on the understanding of innate immune responses. Among the PRMs, the intracellular Nod‐like receptors (NLRs) have recently been identified as key mediators of inflammatory and immune responses. The NLR family is divided into subfamilies on the basis of their different signal transduction domains, and recent studies have highlighted the role of certain NLRs, including Nod1, Nod2, Nalp3, Ipaf and Naip5, in the detection of intracellular microbes and possibly ‘danger signals’. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the function of these proteins in immunity and inflammation, with a focus on their participation in different disease pathologies. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.