bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galeras Volcano: International Workshop and Eruption
Authors: Muñoz F. A. , Calvache M. L. , Cortes G. P. , Gomez D. M. , Narvaez L. , Ordonez M. , Ortega A. , Torres R. , Silva B. , Williams S. N. , Sanders C. O. , Stix J. 
Published: October 2006

Galeras, a 4270‐m high andesitic stratovolcano in southwestern Colombia near the Ecuadorian border (Figure 1), gradually reawoke in 1988 after more than 40 years of dormancy. In 1991, after a request from the Geological Survey of Colombia (INGEOMIAS) and the National Disaster Prevention Office (ONAD), Galeras was named a “Decade Volcano” by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) as part of the United Nations' International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) program. A workshop was held in 1993 to research, monitor, and mitigate the hazards of the volcano.Galeras lies at latitude 1°14′N, longitude 77°22′W (see Figure 2), and its active cone rises about 150 m above the floor of a small summit caldera that is open to the west [Calvache and Williams, 1992]. The active crater is located about 6 km west of Pasto, a city of about 300,000 inhabitants. At least six major Galeras eruptions have been identified during the past 4500 years. These eruptions were mainly vulcanian, with inferred low‐altitude eruption columns (<10 km) that produced small‐volume pyroclastic flow deposits containing a high proportion of nonjuvenile material and lava flow fragments [Calvache and Williams, 1992]. During the last 500 years, eruptions have been characterized by gas and ash emissions, small lava flows, and explosive eruptions producing pyroclastic flows that have traveled up to 15 km from the crater [Calvache, 1990; Cepeda, 1993].
Recording ground motions where people live
Authors: Cranswick E. , Gardner B. , Hammond S. , Banfill R. 
Published: October 2006

The 1989 Loma Prieta, Calif., earthquake caused spectacular damage to structures up to 100 km away in the San Francisco Bay sedimentary basin, including the Cypress Street viaduct overpass, the Bay Bridge, and buildings in the San Francisco Marina district. Although the few mainshock ground motions recorded in the northern San Francisco Bay area were “significantly larger … than would be expected from the pre‐existing data set,” none were recorded at the sites of these damaged structures [Hanks and Krawinkler, 1991].Loma Prieta aftershocks produced order‐of‐magnitude variations of ground motions related to sedimentary basin response over distances of 1–2 km and less [Cranswick et al., 1990]. In densely populated neighborhoods, these distances can encompass the residences of thousands of people, but it is very unlikely that these neighborhoods are monitored by even one seismograph. In the last decade, the complexity of computer models used to simulate high‐frequency ground motions has increased by several orders of magnitude [e.g., Frankel and Vidale, 1992], but the number of seismograph stations—hence, the spatial density of the sampling of ground motion data—has remained relatively unchanged. Seismologists must therefore infer the nature of the ground motions in the great unknown regions between observation points.
Congress scrutinizes Global Change Program
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

Funding for NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's parts in the interagency U.S. Global Change Research Program was the focus of the House Space Subcommittee's March 30 hearing. The subcommittee authorizes spending for the two agencies, which together account for nearly 75% of the $1.3 billion of the total funding for the GCRP.The subcommittee was looking for the rationale behind this level of funding in light of the scientific uncertainties associated with two of the major issues addressed by the GCRP: global warming and ozone depletion. F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. (R‐Wis.), noted that “We cannot afford to get the science of global warming wrong.”
Outstanding student papers
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Four presentations in the Atmospheric Sciences Section were named “Outstanding Student Papers” at AGU's 1992 Fall Meeting in San Francisco.Nicola McArdle was cited for “The Use of Stable Sulphur Isotopes to Distinguish Between Natural and Anthropogenic Sulphur in the Atmosphere.” McArdle received a B.S. in geology from the University of Edinburgh and is currently a doctoral student at the School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K. In the future she hopes to apply the method developed during her doctoral study and examine more closely the isotopic fractionations involved during the formation, release to the atmosphere, and oxidation of dimethylsulphide (DMS).
NOAA budget request seeks 12% increase
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration released its fiscal year 1994 budget request of $1.92 billion on April 8. The request is $200 million above fiscal 1993 appropriations, a 12% increase for NOAA spending.Despite the increase, Acting Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmospheres Diana H. Josephson, noted that not all programs got funded and that a total of $66.9 million was cut from some projects. “We will do what we can with the resources we have this year,” said Josephson. Cuts were made to programs that are inappropriate for NOAA to fund, that can be funded at the state level, and one‐time projects, she added.
1993 AGU Fellows
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

AGU congratulates the twenty‐nine distinguished scientists who were selected by a committee of their peers to be AGU Fellows in 1993. This selection was based on the individual attaining acknowledged eminence in a branch of geophysics.The number of Fellows selected annually is limited to no more than 0.1% of the AGU membership. The new Fellows are listed below along with citations recognizing their specific achievements.
Outstanding student paper awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Ten students received Outstanding Student Paper Awards for Solar Physics and Aeronomy Section papers they presented last December at AGU's Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif.Peter Sultan, who was honored for his presentation 'Zonal Drift Velocities of Equatorial Spread F Irregularity Plumes,' is a doctoral student at Boston University. He received an Sc.B. in physics from Brown University in 1986 and an M.A. in astronomy and physics from Boston University in 1989. His research interests are equatorial ionospheric physics, active chemical release experiments, and incoherent scatter radar techniques. His dissertation work is a study of artificially triggered equatorial spread‐F, centering on the 1990 CRRES‐at‐Kwajalein sounding rocket campaign.
Station focus of NASA budget hearing
Authors: Jones Richard 
Published: October 2006

One of the most important events in this year's consideration of the NASA fiscal year 1994 budget request occurred on April 28 with the appearance of NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin and his senior staff before the House VA, HUD, Independent Agencies Appropriations Subcommittee, which largely determines the space agency's funding.Subcommittee chairman Louis Stokes (D‐Ohio) said that “we face some very special problems this year.” He cautioned that the subcommittee is “totally dependent on the allocation which we are given,” referring to the money his subcommittee is given to fund all of the programs under its jurisdiction.
Reply [to “Do solar variations change climate?”]
Authors: Reid George C. 
Published: October 2006

The January 12 article in Eos referred to by Schröder and Treder was in fact an excerpt from Geophysics News, an AGU publication that is intended to form a bridge between the technical journals and the news media, providing nontechnical background material on areas of current interest in geophysics. As such, it was brief and did not contain the extensive references that would normally be included in a scientific manuscript.Nevertheless, the points raised by Schröder and Treder do require an answer, since, in my opinion, they reveal some important misconceptions. They raise two main points: (1) there is a body of opinion that questions the reality of the Maunder‐Minimum in solar activity in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and (2) changes in the solar “constant” related to the solar cycle are impossible, since the Sun's energy is generated in the core and can have little connection with solar magnetic activity.
Cracking up under the strain...
Authors: Glover Paul 
Published: October 2006

On April 1–2, talk at University College London focused on failure and the stresses and strains that cause it. The discussion was aimed at improving our understanding of crack systems in rocks, their effect on the physical properties of the bulk rock, and their response to applied stresses and strains up to rock failure.“Crack Systems in Rocks: Fundamentalsand Application to Crustal Dynamics and Reservoir Engineering,” a meeting organized by Philip Meredith, Paul Glover, and Peter Sammonds, was initially designed as a gathering of scientists collaborating with the Rock and Ice Physics Laboratory at University College London. However, interest in the meeting grew to an international scope, with participants coming from as far away as Japan, the United States, Sweden, and Italy.
ODP sets 4‐year plan
Authors: Collins Bill 
Published: October 2006

The Ocean Drilling Program, a consortium of countries led by the United States, with a broad mandate to drill in the world's oceans, has set the direction of its drilling vessel for the next 4 years. During the various upcoming legs, researchers will address some of the themes considered to be high priority by ODP's advisory panels and will develop the drilling technology to achieve these goals.Scheduled legs of the ODP program include:Leg 150, New Jersey Sea Level, May 30– July 25, 1993. The primary objectives are to determine the geometry and age of Oligocene to Miocene depositional sequences and evaluate the role of relative sea‐level changes in developing this record. The drilling will consist of a transect across the continental slope and rise.
J. Tuzo Wilson 1908–1993
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Former AGU President (1980–1982) and Fellow J. Tuzo Wilson passed away on April 15 at age 84. An AGU member since 1950, he was awarded the Bucher Medal in 1968 and the Ewing Medal in 1980. Wilson had been the director general of the Ontario Science Center in Toronto, Canada, since 1974 and retired in 1985.Wilson made many significant contributions to geology, particularly in the area of plate tectonics. He studied the structure and tectonics of California and proposed that the Earth was a dynamic and mobile body and that the presence of young mountain systems at continental margins was evidence of the continuing dynamic process. He presented his theory at a time when the belief was that the Earth was static, mountains formed during short periods of intense vertical movement, and the ocean basins had formed early in the Earth's history. He also proposed that the pattern of consistent ages for volcanic island chains in the ocean basins were due to convection currents in the Earth's mantle that brought heat and magma to the surface where it cooled to form islands.
Science award nominations sought
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Nominations are sought for the 1993 American Association for the Advancement of Science Award for Public Understanding of Science and Technology. The $5000 prize and commemorative plaque is awarded annually to scientists and engineers who make outstanding contributions to the popularization of science but are not members of the working media.The award is intended to encourage scientists and engineers to popularize their work; to recognize and support scientists and engineers who do popularize in a responsible manner; and to emphasize that the scientific community regards communicating to the public as a valuable, prestigious activity. Scientists and engineers from all disciplines engaged in research, teaching, practice, and related activities are eligible for the award. Only materials produced for general audiences, as opposed to professional or trade audiences, will be considered.
Senate aide evaluates science policy
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Some insights into a subcommittee whose activities are conducted largely in private were given by Kevin F. Kelly, top assistant to Senate Veterans Administration, Housing and Urban Development and Independent Agencies Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman Barbara Mikulski (D‐Md.).Addressing last month's American Association for the Advancement of Science Colloquium on Science and Technology Policy, Kelly described a number of factors contributing to the “ferment” in science policy. Economic worries have replaced Cold War fears as the motivating force for science spending.
Brown supports freedom‐derived Space Station
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

The NASA Authorization Bill for fiscal years 1994 and 1995 was introduced by George Brown (D‐Calif.) on May 20. Included in the bill is funding for Space Station Freedom. NASA is currently designing three alternates, costing $5 billion, $7 billion, and $9 billion, respectively, and the three options are scheduled to be presented to Congress on June 8.Brown, chairman of the House Science, Space and Technology Committee, said the authorization bill demonstrates that Space Station Freedom can be carried out within the limited budget NASA will have available. “I believe that the current Space Station Freedom design offers the only credible basis for redesign, and it is the only program I intend to support when the measure reaches the House floor,” he said.
Kunze receives Macelwane Medal
Authors: Schmitt Ray , Kunze Eric 
Published: October 2006

The James B. Macelwane Medal for significant contributions to the geophysical sciences by a young scientist of outstanding ability was presented to Eric Kunze at the 1992 AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony on December 9, 1992. The meeting was held in San Francisco. The award citation, delivered by Ray Schmitt, as well as Kunze's response, are presented here.“I am grateful to the American Geophysical Union for this opportunity to acknowledge the hard work and substantial scientific contributions of Eric Kunze. I know that formal public acclaim is not his favorite pastime, as he is an instinctively modest person, and I particularly relish this occasion to give him a well‐deserved honor.
Warm‐core eddy discovered in Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Walker Nan D. , Huh Oscar K. , Rouse Lawrence J. 
Published: October 2006

Thermal infrared satellite data of June 6 and 8 (Figure 1) reveal that a new large warm‐core anticyclonic eddy has recently separated from the Loop Current within the Gulf of Mexico. On June 8, the eddy's dimensions were 546×300 km, with a center at 26° 20.9′ N latitude, 88° 05.8′W longitude. The eddy was justifiably named “Eddy Whopper.”The distance between the eddy and the Loop Current increased by about 70 km during the 56 hours that elapsed between the images shown. Separation of the eddy was preceded by southwestward advection of cool Florida shelf water observed between May 31 and June 6 (Figure la).
ODP Leg 146 examines fluid flow in Cascadia margin
Authors:   ODP Leg 146 Scientific Party
Published: October 2006

For the better part of 2 decades, it has been known that dewatering of sediments accreted to or subducted beneath accretionary wedges is a fundamental aspect of the subduction‐accretion process. Yet, evidence for fluid flow in modern accretionary wedges is largely secondary and based on the presence of geochemical and/or thermal anomalies [e.g., Vrolijk et al., 1991]; the analysis of seismic velocity as an indicator of porosity, which suggests a progressive loss of pore volume in a landward direction [e.g., Bray and Karig, 1985]; and the occurrence of secondary sediment microstructures characteristic of fluid movement [e.g., Maltman et al., 1992].The only quantitative measurements of fluid expulsion at surface vents are based on submersible‐deployed, seepage‐meter data [e.g., Carson et al., 1990], and these results—coupled with the surface area of the vents—indicate flow rates significantly greater than can be supported by steadystate dewatering [Le Pichon et al., 1992]. The fluid budgets and mass fluxes associated with accretion are poorly constrained. Results of previous drilling suggest two distinct modes of fluid flow: channelized flow along fault zones (primarily the décollement [e.g., Mascle and Moore, 1990]) or diffuse flow, which is apparently accommodated by a pervasive fracture permeability [e.g., Taira et al., 1992].
Jack B. Townshend: 50 years of service
Authors: Akasofu Syun‐Ichi 
Published: October 2006

There is little doubt that magnetograms recorded on the campus of the University of Alaska Fairbanks from the 1940s on are the most widely used magnetograms in the world. What made their wide use possible was the fact that any researcher who wanted these “college magnetograms” on any specific day or for any specific period could invariably get them, and it is Jack Townshend who accomplished this incredible record of dependable data collection.Townshend became interested in magnetic observatory work watching his father at the Cheltenham Magnetic Observatory near Washington, D.C., and officially succeeded his father in the job in 1947. He came to the University of Alaska Fairbanks as chief of the college observatory in 1963. Since then he has been responsible for the most reliable operation of the magnetic observatories at the university and Barrow.
Space committee weighs cost of space station redesign
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

NASA's Space Station Redesign Team has completed the task of reducing its spending by a total of $15 billion over the next 5 years through redesigning the Space Station. President Clinton mandated the redesign last February.The team, led by NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin, presented its study to the House space subcommittee at an over‐crowded hearing on June 8. Several times throughout the hearing, Goldin repeated that it was inappropriate for NASA to indicate which of the three options for redesign it favored. “NASA will not establish which configuration it prefers… this is a decision to be made by the president,” Goldin said. The goal of the redesign process, he noted, was to indicate pros and cons of different options.
NSB reaffirms commitment to basic research
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The National Science Board, the twenty‐four‐member policymaking arm of the National Science Foundation, has reaffirmed the agency's commitment as the primary supporter of basic research in the United States. The NSB released a 2‐page statement, “In Support of Basic Research,” on June 2.According to the statement, NSF is uniquely positioned to ensure that basic science, mathematics, and engineering research and education remain the keystone in the U.S. government's efforts to “revitalize the nation and insure its well being.”
Nominations sought for Waterman award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The National Science Foundation is seeking nominations for its 19th annual Alan Waterman Award. The award is given to an outstanding young researcher in any field of science, math, or engineering and is designed to encourage further high‐quality research. The award was established by Congress in 1975 in recognition of NSF's 25th anniversary and to honor Alan T. Waterman, its first director.The recipient will receive up to $500,000 for 3 years of research or advanced study in the mathematical, computer, physical, biological, social, and other sciences, or in engineering, at the institution of the recipient's choice. A medal will also be awarded to the recipient.
Coastal ocean forecasting systems in Europe
Authors: Dugan John 
Published: October 2006

During my tour as the liaison oceanographer at the Office of Naval Research's European branch, I conducted a focused study of coastal ocean forecasting systems. This study is of direct interest to ONR because of an increased interest in the coastal zone and to the civilian U.S. oceanographic community because of numerous problems in the coastal zone that could be alleviated with an operational forecasting system. The Europeans have a long history of excellent research and developmental work in this area.The Europeans' distinguished history in coastal ocean forecasting is due in part to their strong dependence on the sea. However, the original motivation for these systems was the recognition early in this century that weather conditions were responsible for damaging storm surges around the periphery of the North Sea and that science could predict these catastrophic floods. Forecasting systems called tide‐surge prediction systems, which provide warnings of impending flood conditions, were designed and constructed and are operational in the various meteorological centers of the nations surrounding the North Sea. Over time, the services have been extended to provide forecasts of ocean waves, water depth for navigation, and currents for a large customer base. These systems now are being extended further into the three‐dimensional domain that is required for management of problems associated with water quality, pollution, and aquaculture and fisheries interests.
MARGINS: Toward a novel science plan
Authors: Mutter John C. 
Published: October 2006

A science plan to study continental margins has been in the works for the past 3 years, with almost 200 Earth scientists from a wide variety of disciplines gathering at meetings and workshops. Most geological hazards and resources are found at continental margins, yet our understanding of the processes that shape the margins is meager.In formulating this MARGINS research initiative, fundamental issues concerning our understanding of basic Earth‐forming processes have arisen. It is clear that a business‐as‐usual approach will not solve the class of problems defined by the MARGINS program; the solutions demand approaches different from those used in the past. In many cases, a different class of experiment will be required, one that is well beyond the capability of individual principle investigators to undertake on their own. In most cases, broadly based interdisciplinary studies will be needed.
Konstantin Gringauz (1918–1993)
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Konstantin Gringauz of the Space Research Institute in Moscow died on June 10 of a heart attack. A pioneer of the space age, his professional legacy includes many important contributions to the broad field of space research during the past 4 decades.Born in Tula in southeast Russia in 1918, he was the son of a pharmacist. In 1947, he moved to a laboratory in Sergei Korolev's new Bureau for Rocket Development. A year later, he participated for the first time in the launching of a V‐2 rocket, which carried his radio probe to study the ionosphere. In 1949, he received his Ph.D. and was put in charge of Korolev's laboratory for radio technology. In 1956, he began designing instruments.
1992 Horton Research Grant recipients
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Robert Harrington and Christine Brick were each presented with a Horton Research Grant during the AGU 1993 Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md., held from May 24 to 28. The research grant, which is separate from the Horton Award, supports research projects in hydrology and water resources by doctoral candidates at institutions of higher learning. It is awarded annually. The Horton Research Grant's objective is to foster graduate student research leading to the completion of doctoral dissertations.Brick received a B.A. in geology from Carleton College and an M.S. in Environmental Studies from the University of Montana, where she is currently a doctoral student in geology. The topic of her research is the role of iron and manganese oxyhydroxide coatings in regulating trace‐metal flux in riverine environments. She is investigating the seasonal formation and dissolution of Fe‐Mn coatings under varying hydrologic and geochemical conditions and the resultant flux in adsorbed trace metals.