bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient electrochemical method for synthesis of (1h‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ylthio)benzen‐1,2‐diol derivatives
Authors: Davarani Sayed Saeed Hosseiny , Nematollahi Davood , Shamsipur Mojtaba 
Published: September 2007

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation of catechols (1a–c) has been studied in the presence of 3‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazole (3) as a nucleophile in water/acetonitrile (90/10) solutions. The results revealed that the quinones derived from catechols (1a–c) participate in the Michael addition reactions with anion of 3‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazole (3) and are converted to the corresponding (1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ylthio)benzen‐1,2‐diol derivatives (4a–c). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:644–649, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20359
FDI location choice: agglomeration vs institutions
Authors: Du Julan , Lu Yi , Tao Zhigang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractUsing an extensive data set on foreign invested enterprises in China from US, EU, Japan and Korea, we explore the role of agglomeration economies (network externalities) and government institutions as well as other more traditional factors in determining the (regional) locational choice of foreign direct investment (FDI). Employing firm‐level discrete choice model, we find that provinces with stronger public institutions and higher horizontal and vertical agglomerations tend to attract more foreign investments. Furthermore, we explore the interplay of institutions and agglomeration economies. We detect that foreign horizontal agglomeration can partially overcome the negative impact of weak institutions on FDI entry. However, we obtain mixed evidence regarding the interplay between institutions and domestic horizontal agglomeration or vertical agglomeration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An antimicrobial TiO2 coating for reducing hospital‐acquired infection
Authors: Chung Chi‐Jen , Lin Hsin‐I , Tsou Hsi‐Kai , Shi Zhi‐Yuan , He Ju‐Liang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) has been developed and applied extensively in the form of coatings, in particular for its unique properties such as non‐toxicity, high photocatalytic activity, and strong self‐cleaning ability. These coatings, which can be prepared via various processes, have not yet been proved to be antimicrobial. This research involves an arc ion plating method to produce TiO2 film on medical grade AISI 304 stainless steel. Antimicrobial efficacy of the deposits is expected due to the photocatalysis action of the anatase phase presented in the deposit. The performance of the coating is evaluated by a JIS Z2801:2000 industrial standard. Experimental results show that TiO2 film mainly consisting of anatase structure can be prepared with a high growth rate of 5 μm/h. Antimicrobial activity (R) of the deposited TiO2 film against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was 3.0 and 2.5, respectively, far beyond the value designated in JIS standard. This provides an effective antimicrobial surface coating method for medical implements thereby reducing the risk of hospital‐acquired infections. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Preparation and characteristics of nano‐grained calcium phosphate coatings on titanium from ultrasonated bath at acidic pH
Authors: Narayanan R. , Kwon Tae‐Yub , Kim Kyo‐Han 
Published: September 2007

AbstractElectrochemically deposited nano‐grained calcium phosphate coatings were produced on titanium substrates using aqueous electrolyte at acidic pH. Different coatings were produced by using cathodic current densities ranging from 10 to 50 mA/cm2 from an ultrasonated electrolytic bath. These coatings contained dicalcium phosphate dihydrate as the predominant phase and hydroxyapatite as the minor phase. With increasing current density, hydroxyapatite content in the coatings increased. Dicalcium phosphate grains had size in the range of 55–85 nm and hydroxyapatite had grains in the size range of 20–25 nm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the coatings obtained at lower current densities had acicular structure. With increasing current densities, the needles became blunt and small and finally, at 50 mA/cm2 the coating had globular deposits. Surface roughness of the coatings also increased with increasing deposition current density. Tensile bond strengths of the coatings were in the range of 3.6–6.9 MPa and decreased with increase of deposition current density. Heat‐treatment of the coatings for 2 h at 500°C completely eliminated the dicalcium phosphate phase and resulted in mono hydroxyapatite phase containing grains in the size range of 20–30 nm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
β‐Catenin signaling in biological control and cancer
Authors: Gavert Nancy , Ben‐Ze'ev Avri 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA coordinated integration of cell–cell adhesion and the control of gene expression is essential for the development of multicellular, differentiated organisms. β‐Catenin fulfils important regulatory functions in both cell–cell adhesion by linking cadherin adhesion receptors to the cytoskeleton, and also as a key element in the Wnt signaling pathway where it acts as cotranscriptional activator of target genes in the cell nucleus. Wnt signaling is involved in numerous aspects of embryonic development and in the control of tissue self‐renewal in a variety of adult tissues. Hyperactivation of Wnt signaling, mostly by affecting β‐catenin functions, is a hallmark of colon cancer and of many other human cancers. In this prospect, we discuss studies pointing to the molecular mechanisms that govern the integration between cell–cell adhesion and gene expression, as reflected in the switches between these two functions of β‐catenin in colon cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 820–828, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monopsonistic exploitation in contract farming: articulating a strategy for grower cooperation
Authors: Sivramkrishna Sashi , Jyotishi Amalendu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractContract farming has been considered a new hope to instil dynamism in third world agriculture. However, there remains serious concern whether small peasants will be able to benefit from this system since buyers may often be a single large or at most, few large corporations, a typical case of monopsony. In this paper we question the basis of the fears that are often raised in the literature. A clear analytical approach to understanding the (economic) meaning of monopsony helps us articulate a strategy for grower cooperation that could effectively deal with monopsony power in contract farming systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time PCR and its application to mumps rapid diagnosis
Authors: Jin L. , Feng Y. , Parry R. , Cui A. , Lu Y. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay was initially developed in China to detect mumps genome. The primers and TaqMan‐MGB probe were selected from regions of the hemagglutinin gene of mumps virus. The primers and probe for the real‐time PCR were evaluated by both laboratories in China and in the UK using three different pieces of equipment, LightCycler (Roche), MJ DNA Engine Option® 2 (BIO‐RAD) and TaqMan (ABI Prism) on different samples. The reaction was performed with either a one‐step (China) or two‐step (UK) process. The sensitivity (10 copies) was estimated using a serial dilution of constructed mumps‐plasmid DNA and a linear standard curve was obtained between 10 and 107 DNA copies/reaction, which can be used to quantify viral loads. The detection limit on cell culture‐grown virus was approximately 2 pfu/ml with a two‐step assay on TaqMan, which was equivalent to the sensitivity of the nested PCR routinely used in the UK. The specificity was proved by testing a range of respiratory viruses and several genotypes of mumps strains. The concentration of primers and probe is 22 pmol and 6.25 or 7 pmol respectively for a 25 µl reaction. The assay took 3 hr from viral RNA extraction to complete the detection using any of the three pieces of equipment. Three hundred forty‐one (35 in China and 306 in the UK) clinical specimens were tested, the results showing that this real‐time PCR assay is suitable for rapid and accurate detection of mumps virus RNA in various types of clinical specimens. J. Med. Virol. 79:1761–1767, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microarray analyses of differentially expressed human genes and biological processes in ECV304 cells infected with rubella virus
Authors: Mo Xiao‐yang , Ma Wenli , Zhang Yali , Zhao Haiquan , Deng Yun , Yuan Wuzhou , Wang Yuequn , Li Yongqin , Zhu Chuanbing , Liu Mingyao , Wu Xiushan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChanges in mRNA expression levels of ECV304 cells infected with the wild‐type rubella strain were analyzed using a microarray system representing 18,716 human genes. Four hundred eighty‐seven genes exhibited differential expression levels; 456 of these genes were up‐regulated while 31 genes were down‐regulated. We identified 53 biological processes that were significantly relevant to the RV‐infection. Among these biological processes, 52 were one‐gene processes and one was a process involving five genes: IFNA21 (interferon, alpha 21), interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20 kDa (ISG20), zinc finger protein 175 (ZNF175), tripartite motif‐containing 22 (TRIM22), and MX2 [myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 2 (mouse)]. Except for ZNF175, gene annotation indicated four of these genes encoded interferon or interferon‐induced genes. These results suggest that genes relevant to interferon‐regulated pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis of rubella. J. Med. Virol. 79:1783–1791, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Favorable outcome of ex‐vivo purging of monocytes after the reintroduction of treatment after interruption in patients infected with multidrug resistant HIV‐1
Authors: Hasson Hamid , Mantelli Barbara , Biswas Priscilla , Malnati Mauro , Gianotti Nicola , Vecchi Andrea , Nozza Silvia , Cernuschi Massimo , Boeri Enzo , Clerici Mario , Lazzarin Adriano , Beretta Alberto 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn multidrug resistant patients treatment interruptions allow the selection of archived wild‐type drug‐susceptible viruses that compete for the less fit drug‐resistant strains. However, the selection of viruses with increased replicative capacity is often followed by a loss of CD4+ T cells. In addition, drug resistant variants later re‐emerge limiting the overall clinical benefit of treatment interruption. Blood monocytes are a key component of the HIV reservoir and can be partially removed by a system for purging of myeloid cells (MYP). This study tested the safety and efficacy of MYP on multidrug resistant patients who underwent treatment interruption. Twelve patients were randomized to receive or not six cycles of MYP during treatment interruption. An optimized antiretroviral regimen was reintroduced after the reappearance of a drug susceptible genotype. Following therapy reintroduction, a long lasting increase in CD4+ T cell counts was observed only in the treatment interruption + MYP patients but not in the control patients. Five/six treatment interruption + MYP patients never experienced virological rebound during a median follow up period of 98 weeks. In contrast, 4/6 patients who did not receive MYP never reached complete viral suppression and had a virological rebound after a median of 16.5 weeks after treatment reintroduction. The difference between the two groups in the time to virological rebound was statistically significant (P = 0.021). A consistent decrease of HIV DNA load in CD14+ purified cells was observed only in treatment interruption + MYP patients. These data suggest that MYP can improve the immunological and virological response to treatment interruption. J. Med. Virol. 79:1640–1649, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activities of human papillomavirus 16 E6 natural variants in human keratinocytes
Authors: Asadurian Yulia , Kurilin Helena , Lichtig Hava , Jackman Anna , Gonen Pinhas , Tommasino Massimo , Zehbe Ingeborg , Sherman Levana 
Published: September 2007

AbstractGenetic variations in the E6 oncogene have been associated with different risk for cancer progression. In the present study, the functional significance of human papillomavirus (HPV) polymorphism in the E6 oncogene was investigated. Ten HPV16 E6 variants containing amino acid substitutions in the N‐terminal region of E6 were evaluated for different biological and biochemical activities in human keratinocytes, the target cells for HPV infection. Western blot analyses of primary foreskin human keratinocytes or immortalized human keratinocytes, stably transduced with the E6 variants, revealed reduced p53 and Bax levels in all E6 expressing cultures. The reduction induced by most E6 proteins was at similar levels and comparable to the reduction induced by the E6 prototype. The ability of the proteins to induce serum/calcium‐differentiation resistant colonies in primary keratinocytes was more variable. Overall activities of the variants ranged between 0.24‐ and 2.18‐fold of the E6 prototype activity. The I27R/L83V variant showed the lowest activity whereas the R8Q variant showed the highest activity. The L83V polymorphism previously associated with risk for cancer progression in some populations, showed significant activity, comparable to that of the E6 prototype, in reducing p53 and Bax levels. Furthermore, this variant showed enhancement in the ability to induce colonies resistant to serum/calcium‐triggered differentiation, however, the difference from the prototype was not statistically significant. This, and augmentation of other described functions might result in differences in L83V pathogenicity. J. Med. Virol. 79:1751–1760, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of viral kinetics to peginterferon plus ribavirin combination therapy in Japanese patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b
Authors: Akuta Norio , Suzuki Fumitaka , Kawamura Yusuke , Yatsuji Hiromi , Sezaki Hitomi , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Hosaka Tetsuya , Kobayashi Masahiro , Kobayashi Mariko , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFor chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, evaluation of response to peginterferon (PEG‐IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) therapy based on viral kinetics is useful as an early predictor of treatment efficacy, but the underlying mechanisms of the different viral kinetics to treatment are still unclear. The response to 48‐week PEG‐IFN‐RBV combination therapy was evaluated in 160 Japanese adult patients infected with HCV genotype 1b and determined the rapid virological response (at 4 weeks), early virological response (at 12 weeks), end‐of treatment response, and sustained virological response (6 months after end of treatment). The proportion of patients who showed rapid, early and sustained virological, and end‐of treatment responses were 50%, 73%, 47%, and 71%, respectively. Furthermore, 66% of patients who achieved early virological response also showed sustained virological response. Multivariate analysis identified substitutions of amino acid (aa) 70 and 91 in the HCV core region (double‐wild‐type) as a predictor of early HCV‐RNA negativity, rapid, early, and sustained virological responses and end‐of treatment response, and lipid metabolic factors (high levels of LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol) as predictors of early and rapid virological responses and end‐of treatment response. Male sex and low levels of alpha‐fetoprotein were other predictors of sustained virological response. Furthermore, female sex and severity of liver fibrosis were determinants of lack of sustained virological response in spite of early virological response. This study identified predictors of efficacy of PEG‐IFN‐RBV therapy based on viral kinetics in Japanese patients infected with HCV genotype 1b. J. Med. Virol. 79:1686–1695, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical outcome of renal transplantation in patients with positive pre‐transplant hepatitis B surface antigen
Authors: Ahn Hyung Joon , Kim Myoung Soo , Kim Yu Seun , Kim Soon Il , Huh Kyu Ha , Ju Man Ki , Ahn Sang Hoon , Han Kwang‐Hyub 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe clinical outcomes of 2,054 renal recipients were examined retrospectively based on pre‐transplant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status to investigate the efficacy of lamivudine treatment in HBsAg positive recipients. Pre‐transplant HBsAg positivity was documented in 66 recipients. The 10‐year patient and graft survival rates in Ag positive group were significantly lower than those of Ag negative group (64.4/36.6% vs. 88.2/70.5%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Since 1997, lamivudine was used when hepatitis B virus polymerase chain reaction (HBV PCR) was positive or when the level of post‐transplant viral load rose. Lamivudine given to 27 recipients markedly improved both 10‐year patient and graft survivals compared to Ag positive renal recipients who did not take lamivudine (85.3/59.2% vs. 49.9/22.7%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Overall, 13 viral breakthroughs among 24 lamivudine‐responsive patients were observed. The cumulative incidence of viral breakthrough at 60 months was 53.3%. Adefovir rescue in three viral breakthroughs patients induces virological response and restoration of liver function. In 10 patients who did not changed to adefovir, 6 patients are alive with elevated liver enzymes. In conclusion, in the era of lamivudine and adefovir, renal transplantation in HBsAg positive end‐stage renal disease patients should not be abandoned. J. Med. Virol. 79:1655–1663, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of interspecies recombination among hepadnaviruses infecting cross‐species hosts
Authors: Yang Jie , Xi Qianyun , Deng Riqiang , Wang Jinwen , Hou Jinlin , Wang Xunzhang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMembers of the family Hepadnaviridae are divided into two genera, Orthohepadnavirus (from mammalian) and Avihepadnavirus (from avian). Recombination had been found to occur among human hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains of different genotypes, or between hepadnavirus strains from human and nonhuman primate. To reach a comparatively complete inspection of interspecies recombination events among hepadnavirus strains from various hosts, 837 hepadnavirus complete genome sequences from human and 112 from animals were analyzed by using fragment typing to scan for potential interspecies recombinants. Further bootscanning and phylogenetic analyses of the potential recombinants revealed six genome sequences as interspecies recombinants. Interspecies recombination events were found to occur among HBV strains from human and nonhuman primates, from gibbons of different genera, from chimpanzee and an unknown host, and between two avian hepadnavirus strains from birds of different subfamilies, which was identified for the first time. HBV interspecies recombinants were found to have recombination hot spots similar to that of human HBV intergenotype recombinants, breakpoints frequently locating near gene boundaries. Interspecies recombination found in this study may alter current views on hepadnavirus host specificity. J. Med. Virol. 79:1741–1750, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutational patterns of hepatitis B virus genome and clinical outcomes after emergence of drug‐resistant variants during lamivudine therapy: Analyses of the polymerase gene and full‐length sequences
Authors: Enomoto Masaru , Tamori Akihiro , Kohmoto Madoka Toyama , Morikawa Hiroyasu , Habu Daiki , Sakaguchi Hiroki , Takeda Tadashi , Seki Shuichi , Kawada Norifumi , Shiomi Susumu , Nishiguchi Shuhei 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIt remains unclear whether mutational patterns of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome are associated with the development of severe hepatitis after the emergence of tyrosine‐methionine‐aspartate‐aspartate (YMDD) variants during lamivudine treatment. Thirty patients with chronic hepatitis B who had YMDD variants during lamivudine therapy and were followed up subsequently while receiving lamivudine alone for at least 6 months were examined retrospectively. The lamivudine resistant mutations in the HBV polymerase gene were detected by a line probe assay, and the full‐length sequences of HBV DNA were determined in some patients. Between months 5 and 33 of therapy, mutations from methionine to isoleucine at rt204 (rtM204I) were detected in 18 patients, and mutations from methionine to valine at rt204 (rtM204V) were detected in 12. The rtM204V mutations were always accompanied by mutations from leucine to methionine at rt180 (rtL180M), while rtM204I mutations were not. Baseline characteristics, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and HBV DNA levels within 6 months after the emergence of YMDD variants did not differ significantly between patients with rtM204I alone and those with rtL180M/rtM204V. No specific mutation was identified on full‐length sequence analysis in three patients with a hepatitis flare. During long term follow‐up, the addition of rtL180M to rtM204I was found in four patients 7–31 months after detecting the change at rt204 and was linked to increased ALT levels. In conclusion, mutational patterns of HBV DNA at the time of emergence of YMDD variants were apparently unrelated to the clinical outcomes in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B during lamivudine therapy. J. Med. Virol. 79:1664–1670, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwanese intravenous drug users
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lin , Liu Chun‐Jen , Chen Pei‐Jer , Lai Ming‐Yang , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe epidemiology and impact of occult HBV infection in intravenous drug users remain largely unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of occult HBV infection among intravenous drug users in Taiwan. Molecular assays were used to determine the level of serum HBV DNA and the genotype in 304 intravenous drug users negative for both HBsAg and anti‐HCV. Of 304 intravenous drug users, 125 (41.1%) were positive for serum HBV DNA. The genotype distribution of HBV was as follows: B, 55 (44%); C, 29 (23%); and mixed B and C infections, 41 (33%). The mean and median serum HBV DNA levels in 125 intravenous drug users with occult HBV infection were 4.0 ± 0.6 and 4.0 log10 copies/ml, respectively. The mean serum HBV DNA level in carriers with mixed genotype B and C infections was significantly higher than those infected with HBV genotype B or genotype C alone (mean, 4.2 ± 0.6 log10 vs. 3.9 ± 0.5 log10, and 3.9 ± 0.7 log10 copies/ml, P = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). The amino acid sequence determination of HBV surface gene in 20 intravenous drug users with occult HBV infection selected at random showed no mutation of amino acid at codon 145. In conclusion, the prevalence of occult HBV infection and mixed HBV genotype infections are not uncommon in intravenous drug users residing in an HBV endemic areas. In addition, intravenous drug users with occult mixed genotype B and C infections have significantly higher viral loads than those with occult infection of single HBV genotype. J. Med. Virol. 79:1674–1678, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.