bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orchestrating the climate choir: the boundaries of scientists’ expertise, the relevance of experiential knowledge, and quality assurance in the public climate debate
Authors: Nicolaisen Peter Busch 
Published: February 2024

AbstractScientific knowledge is at the heart of discussions about climate change. However, it has been proposed that the apparent predominance of climate science in the societal debate should be reconsidered and that a more inclusive approach is warranted. Further, the introduction of new communication technology has made the information environment more fragmented, possibly endangering the quality of societal deliberation on climate change concerns. Using focus group methodology, this paper explores how climate scientists, climate journalists, and citizens perceive scientific experts’ mandate when they communicate publicly, the role of experiential knowledge in discussions of climate-related issues, and who the three actors prefer to guard the quality of the climate information exchanged in the public sphere. The findings show that scientific experts are perceived to carry a high degree of legitimacy, but only within their own narrow specialty, while experiential knowledge was seen as more useful in applied domains of science than in arcane research fields. In the new media landscape, journalists are still generally preferred as gatekeepers by all three actor types.
Using a nested virtualization tool for teaching VPN fundamentals
Authors: Orduña Juan M. , Pérez Carlos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA common problem of undergraduate courses about security and computer networks is the difficulty of providing practical exercises to students. Although different approaches have been followed to solve this problem, it is still an open issue. In this work, we first discuss several possible open-source simulation/emulation/virtualization tools that could be used in the design of a lab session for teaching Virtual Private Networks (VPN) fundamentals based on OpenVPN. Next, we describe how a hands-on lab about VPNs can be carried out with the selected virtualization tool, called NETinVM. The proposed lab starts installing the OpenVPN packages in client and server machines, as in a real-case scenario. Although in this case both client and servers are Kernel-based Virtual Machines (KVM) connected to networks inside NETinVM. The nested virtualization included in NETinVM allows to deploy all the required types of VPNs within the virtual machine, allowing the students to reproduce the lab without the need of a network infrastructure, and following exactly the same process required in a real scenario. The evaluation results show that the level of learning achieved by the students through this lab session seems to be high, and they consider this lab useful for their professional development, showing that virtualization technology can help in computer network education.
Betting on Conspiracy: A Decision Theoretic Account of the Rationality of Conspiracy Theory Belief
Authors: Tsapos Melina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe question of the rationality of conspiratorial belief divides philosophers into mainly two camps. The particularists believe that each conspiracy theory ought to be examined on its own merits. The generalist, by contrast, argues that there is something inherently suspect about conspiracy theories that makes belief in them irrational. Recent empirical findings indicate that conspiratorial thinking is commonplace among ordinary people, which has naturally shifted attention to the particularists. Yet, even the particularist must agree that not all conspiracy belief is rational, in which case she must explain what separates rational from non-rational conspiratorial thinking. In this paper, I contrast three strategies to this end: (1) the probabilistic objectivist, who assesses the objective probability of conspiracies; (2) the subjectivist, who rather focuses on the perspective of the believer, and typically views the decision to believe in a conspiracy as a problem of decision making under risk. Approaches (1) and (2) rely on assessments of the probability of conspiracy which, I argue, limits their applicability. Instead, I explore (3) viewing the problem facing the potential believer as a decision problem under uncertainty about probabilities. I argue, furthermore, that focusing solely on epistemic utilities fails to do justice to the particular character of conspiracy beliefs, which are not exclusively epistemically motivated, and I investigate the rationality of such beliefs under a number of standard decision rules.
Tensile Tests for Material Characterisation of High- and Ultra-High-Strength Steels S690QL and S960QL under Natural Fire Conditions
Authors: Uszball Sara , Knobloch Markus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe mechanical material behavior of mild steels is reversible in the cooling phase of natural fires, which is proven by experimental evidence. For the material behavior of high-strength steels during cooling, no results are yet available. The paper provides the first comprehensive test program on the constitutive material behavior of high-strength steels S690QL and S960QL as well as mild steel S355 J2 + N in the case of natural fires. It is elaborated that the mechanical material behavior of high-strength steels in the cooling phase differs from the behavior in the heating phase and is not reversible due to phase changes of the microstructure. A constitutive material model for structural fire design purposes is developed on the basis of experimental data and the soundness and reliability of the model are proven by a statistical study that systematically evaluates the deviation of the model prediction from the test data.
Cellular geometric semantic genetic programming
Authors: Bonin Lorenzo , Rovito Luigi , De Lorenzo Andrea , Manzoni Luca 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmong the different variants of Genetic Programming (GP), Geometric Semantic GP (GSGP) has proved to be both efficient and effective in finding good solutions. The fact that the operators of GSGP operate on the semantics of the individuals in a clear way provides guarantees on the way the search is performed. GSGP is not, however, free from limitations like the premature convergence of the population to a small–and possibly sub-optimal–area of the search space. One reason for this issue could be the fact that good individuals can quickly “spread” in the population suppressing the emergence of competition. To mitigate this problem, we impose a cellular automata (CA) inspired communication topology over GSGP. In CAs a collection of agents (as finite state automata) are positioned in a n-dimensional periodic grid and communicates only locally with the automata in their neighbourhoods. Similarly, we assign a location to each individual on an n-dimensional grid and the entire evolution for an individual will happen locally by considering, for each individual, only the individuals in its neighbourhood. Specifically, we present an algorithm in which, for each generation, a subset of the neighbourhood of each individual is sampled and the selection for the given cell in the grid is performed by extracting the two best individuals of this subset, which are employed as parents for the Geometric Semantic Crossover. We compare this cellular GSGP (cGSGP) approach with standard GSGP on eight regression problems, showing that it can provide better solutions than GSGP. Moreover, by analyzing convergence rates, we show that the improvement is observable regardless of the number of executed generations. As a side effect, we additionally show that combining a small-neighbourhood-based cellular spatial structure with GSGP helps in producing smaller solutions. Finally, we measure the spatial autocorrelation of the population by adopting the Moran’s I coefficient to provide an overview of the diversity, showing that our cellular spatial structure helps in providing better diversity during the early stages of the evolution.
Neural network crossover in genetic algorithms using genetic programming
Authors: Pretorius Kyle , Pillay Nelishia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe use of genetic algorithms (GAs) to evolve neural network (NN) weights has risen in popularity in recent years, particularly when used together with gradient descent as a mutation operator. However, crossover operators are often omitted from such GAs as they are seen as being highly destructive and detrimental to the performance of the GA. Designing crossover operators that can effectively be applied to NNs has been an active area of research with success limited to specific problem domains. The focus of this study is to use genetic programming (GP) to automatically evolve crossover operators that can be applied to NN weights and used in GAs. A novel GP is proposed and used to evolve both reusable and disposable crossover operators to compare their efficiency. Experiments are conducted to compare the performance of GAs using no crossover operator or a commonly used human designed crossover operator to GAs using GP evolved crossover operators. Results from experiments conducted show that using GP to evolve disposable crossover operators leads to highly effectively crossover operators that significantly improve the results obtained from the GA.
Solar Spectrum Reflectometer Measurements on Profiled and Small Samples: Design and Testing of Adapters
Authors: Ferrari Chiara , Morselli Nicolò , Muscio Alberto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTesting solar reflective building materials is mainly performed in laboratories using Solar Spectrum Reflectometer (SSR) or spectrophotometry. To obtain aged materials values, after exposing materials in test farms for natural ageing or applying ASTM-D7897, treated samples shall be tested again using SSR. On-site measurements of new and aged surfaces is allowed using pyranometers or albedometers, which present issues caused both by high-pitched roof and by solar and sky requirements in several locations such as at southern and middle Europe latitudes, where clay tiles are a typical coverage of roof surfaces. The use of battery-powered SSR offsite could be a solution to obtain reliable measurements in every climate, lighting, and slope condition. However, the shape of roof surfaces remains an issue since most of the tiles are characterized by elaborated morphologies that cannot fit the measurement head of the SSR. In this study, two sets of cylindrical adapters for SSR, made via Fused Deposition Modeling and coated with solar reflective white diffuse paint or specular reflective coating were produced and tested to overcome this problem. The adapters were attached to the top of the measurement head and measurements were performed according to ASTM-C1549. These adapters were tested with samples characterized by ASTM-C1549, analyzing the output from all 6 detectors of SSR, and by spectrophotometry according to ASTM-E903, using both AM1GH and ASTM E891-87 irradiance spectra. Aluminum-coated adapters proved ideal due to non-impact on measurements. Solar reflectance showed strong linear correlation for 30–50 mm adapter lengths, indicating minimal signal damping. They will allow testing most of the samples that cannot be tested with standard methods, especially aged ones, without altering their surface.
Enterprise Architecture and IT Governance to Support the BizDevOps Approach: a Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Fuentes-Quijada Guillermo , Ruiz-González Francisco , Caro Angélica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCurrent software development practices are transforming the governance and management of software projects with the objective of aligning software products/services with business needs, ensuring business continuity, optimizing resource allocation, and fostering strong stakeholder relationships. The innovative BizDevOps approach has emerged as a response to these challenges, since it extends DevOps by incorporating an additional cycle and involving non-IT stakeholders with a focus on business-IT alignment. The application of IT Governance practices is crucial as regards ensuring the success of complex BizDevOps projects, and this paper, therefore, presents a systematic mapping study that explores the approaches for BizDevOps and encourages DevOps proposals that will seamlessly integrate with the business lifecycle. It examines the support provided by IT Governance practices and investigates the potential roles of Enterprise Architecture. The study analyzed 86 primary studies and 11 secondary studies, revealing a lack of empirical validations and a prevalence of recommendation-oriented papers without concrete solution proposals. These findings highlight the need for further research with which to validate BizDevOps practices and provide actionable insights.
Pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology in morbidly obese patients: assessment of feto-maternal outcomes
Authors: Song Bonnie B. , Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Anderson Zachary S. , Masjedi Aaron D. , Harris Chelsey A. , Violette Caroline J. , Ouzounian Joseph G. , Matsuo Koji , Paulson Richard J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To examine feto-maternal characteristics and outcomes of morbidly obese pregnant patients who conceived with assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Methods
This cross-sectional study queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National Inpatient Sample. Study population was 48,365 patients with ART pregnancy from January 2012 to September 2015, including non-obesity (n = 45,125, 93.3%), class I–II obesity (n = 2445, 5.1%), and class III obesity (n = 795, 1.6%). Severe maternal morbidity at delivery per the Centers for Disease and Control Prevention definition was assessed with multivariable binary logistic regression model.

Results
Patients in the class III obesity group were more likely to have a hypertensive disorder (adjusted-odds ratio (aOR) 3.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.61–3.52), diabetes mellitus (aOR 3.08, 95%CI 2.64–3.60), large for gestational age neonate (aOR 3.57, 95%CI 2.77–4.60), and intrauterine fetal demise (aOR 2.03, 95%CI 1.05–3.94) compared to those in the non-obesity group. Increased risks of hypertensive disease (aOR 1.35, 95%CI 1.14–1.60) and diabetes mellitus (aOR 1.39, 95%CI 1.17–1.66) in the class III obesity group remained robust even compared to the class I–II obesity group. After controlling for priori selected clinical, pregnancy, and delivery factors, patients with class III obesity were 70% more likely to have severe maternal morbidity at delivery compared to non-obese patients (8.2% vs 4.4%, aOR 1.70, 95%CI 1.30–2.22) whereas those with class I–II obesity were not (4.1% vs 4.4%, aOR 0.87, 95%CI 0.70–1.08).

Conclusions
The results of this national-level analysis in the United States suggested that morbidly obese pregnant patients conceived with ART have increased risks of adverse fetal and maternal outcomes.
Ceramic-to-metal bonding using rare-earth containing Sn–Bi solder
Authors: Feng Tianshi , Pati Bhabana , Chung Ka Man , Pei Yu , Chen Renkun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the increasing miniaturization and power of optoelectronic devices, direct bonding of optical substrates like semiconductors and ceramics to metal heat sinks using low melting-point solder has gained significant interest. In this study, we demonstrated the bonding of glass to copper using Sn-58 wt% Bi solder (SB solder) doped with a small amount of rare earth (RE) elements. The RE elements act as active agents that facilitate the bonding to glasses without glass metallization. By optimizing the bonding parameters, such as reflow temperature and time, and employing an inert gas atmosphere to prevent solder or RE oxidation, we successfully achieved the highest shear strength in glass-copper solder joints using SB-RE solder, without the need for ultrasonic-assisted soldering (UAS). These results demonstrate the potential of using RE-containing solder for bonding unmetallized glass and ceramics in optoelectronic devices with metals at low soldering temperatures (< 200 °C). Furthermore, analysis of the shear strength and failure morphology of solder joints revealed only small degradation, primarily originating from the bulk solder region rather than the solder-glass interface, after both thermal aging (100 h) and cycling tests (100 cycles). The establishment of low-melting point RE-containing solders opens the possibility of direct jointing ceramic optoelectronic substrates to metal heat sinks for more efficient heat dissipation. In the meantime, our work also suggests that further optimization studies are necessary to explore its performance under more extreme working conditions.
Processing and Comprehension of Locally Ambiguous Participial Relative Clause Sentences in Russian
Authors: Darzhinova Liubov , Luk Zoe Pei-sui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study tested how the Recency Preference and Predicate Proximity model (Gibson et al. in Cognition 59(1):23–59, 1996, https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(88)90004-2) plays out by examining the attachment preferences of native Russian speakers when processing locally ambiguous participial relative clause sentences with three potential NP attachment sites in Russian. Using a self-paced reading task, reading times and noun phrase selection responses were collected. Results showed significantly shorter reading times at the disambiguating region and higher accuracy rate of selection in the high-attaching condition than in the middle- and low-attaching conditions. No significant differences were found between the middle- and low-attaching conditions. We argue that Predicate Proximity is a much stronger factor than Recency Preference in Russian.
On a Class of Solvable Stationary Non Equilibrium States for Mass Exchange Models
Authors: Capanna M. , Gabrielli D. , Tsagkarogiannis D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe consider a family of models having an arbitrary positive amount of mass on each site and randomly exchanging an arbitrary amount of mass with nearest neighbor sites. We restrict to the case of diffusive models. We identify a class of reversible models for which the product invariant measure is known and the gradient condition is satisfied so that we can explicitly compute the transport coefficients associated to the diffusive hydrodynamic rescaling. Based on the Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory (Bertini et al. in Rev Mod Phys 87:593–636, 2015) we have that the large deviations rate functional for a stationary non equilibrium state can be computed solving a Hamilton–Jacobi equation depending only on the transport coefficients and the details of the boundary sources. Thus, we are able to identify a class of models having transport coefficients for which the Hamilton–Jacobi equation can indeed be solved. We give a complete characterization in the case of generalized zero range models and discuss several other cases. For the generalized zero range models we identify a class of discrete models that, modulo trivial extensions, coincides with the class discussed in Frassek and Giardinà (J Math Phys 63(10):103301–103335, 2022) and a class of continuous dynamics that coincides with the class in Franceschini et al. (J Math Phys 64(4): 043304–043321, 2023). Along the discussion we obtain a complete characterization of reversible misanthrope processes solving the discrete equations in Cocozza-Thivent (Z Wahrsch Verw Gebiete 70(4):509–523, 1985).
Compatible TOSets with POSets: An Application to Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Abascal Policarpo , Fueyo Fernando , Jiménez Jorge , Palacio Antonio , Serrano Maria Luisa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) has become a widely used technique in 3D printing, but it has proven to be a very costly process, even when optimizing parameters in existing models. Due to the characteristics of AM, and in order to optimize its process, a new approach is introduced to the problem: the discretization of each layer to be printed. This involves establishing an order relation based on the sequence in which the layers should be printed. The valid orders for the execution of the process, referred to as compatible with the order relation, will be characterized. Additionally, algorithms will be provided to obtain new compatible orders from others that were already compatible, and strategies will be presented to optimally and efficiently reorder non-compatible orders, converting them into compatible ones.
Microfluidic production of silver nanoparticles demonstrates ability for on demand synthesis of a wide size distribution of particles
Authors: Langguth Katelyn J. , Maccagnano-Zachera Sara , Heinemann Joshua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNP) can help prevent infection of virus and bacteria. The size and morphology of AgNP can be crucial to function, with smaller nanoparticles (< 20 nm) able to penetrate the cell wall. This is significant as oxidative stress and genotoxicity are associated with some sizes and coatings of AgNP, contraindicating the use of AgNP to reduce infection. We present evidence that a microfluidic chip can synthesize larger sizes and distributions of AgNP from the nano-to-micro size range. We show results from a microfluidic mixing chip that can produce a wide range of nano-to-micro size (~ 24–400 nm) AgNP. Synthesis is based on a modified Turkevich method, using a single-step AgNP synthesis on the microfluidic chip using two chemical components, trisodium citrate (NaCit) and AgNO3. To make AgNP more accessible, we describe the microfluidic chip and conditions capable of synthesis. We also describe how modification of flow rate and chemical reagent concentration change particle diameter during production. In our experiments, we found that AgNP production created a visible adsorption line in the microfluidic device, possibly owing to AgNP surface interaction at the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) interface. We characterize these particles with dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on optical light microscopy, we hypothesize that AgNP formation primarily occurs at the interface between the two chemical reagent streams. We also conclude that AgNP size increases could be due to interaction with the PDMS surface, which is known to be porous. Future work will help to understand how surface interaction may influence the formation of larger particles.
Prognostic factors analysis of diffuse midline glioma
Authors: Jiang Jing , Li Wen-bin , Xiao Shao-wen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study retrospectively analyzes cases of diffuse midline glioma treated with radiotherapy, with the aim of investigating the prognosis of the tumor and its influencing factors.

Methods
From January 2018 to November 2022, we treated 64 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with diffuse midline glioma. Among them, 41 underwent surgical resection, and 23 underwent biopsy procedures. All patients received postoperative radiotherapy. We followed up with the patients to determine the overall survival rate and conducted univariate and multivariate analyses on relevant indicators.

Results
The median survival time for the entire patient group was 33.3 months, with overall survival rates of 92.9%, 75.4%, and 45.0% at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that older patients had a better prognosis.

Conclusion
Patient age is an independent prognostic factor for patients with diffuse midline glioma undergoing radiation therapy.