bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivoresponse ofMesocestoides vogaeto human insulin
Authors: CANCLINI L. , ESTEVES A. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYSuccessful host invasion by parasitic helminths involves detection and appropriate response to a range of host-derived signals. Insulin signal response pathways are ancient and highly-conserved throughout the metazoans. However, very little is known about helminth insulin signalling and the potential role it may play in host-parasite interactions. The response ofMesocestoides vogae(Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) larvae to human insulin was investigated, focusing on tyrosine-phosphorylation status, glucose content, survival and asexual reproduction rate. Parasite larvae were challenged with different levels of insulin for variable periods. The parameters tested were influenced by human insulin, and suggested a host-parasite molecular dialogue.†
Going native in the north: reconsidering British attitudes during the Franklin search, 1848–1859
Authors: Cavell Janice 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThis article critically examines the assumption that the men of Sir John Franklin's last Arctic expedition died because, influenced by the characteristic British cultural prejudices of their time, they refused to employ Inuit survival skills. Since no detailed records from this expedition have ever been found, there is no direct evidence about the attitudes held or actions taken by its members. The article therefore draws on another source: the very extensive British periodical and newspaper coverage of the Franklin search. The writers who contributed to this literature knew even less than is now known about the events of the last Franklin expedition, but their speculations about the probable fate of the lost explorers reflect the beliefs about the Arctic and its people that prevailed at the time. Especially during the early 1850s, the great majority of periodical writers believed that Franklin and his men had gone native in order to survive. It is therefore evident that there was no cultural stigma attached to adopting the Inuit way of life in times of need.
Arctic indigenous peoples' internationalism: in search of a legal justification
Authors: Loukacheva Natalia 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the evolution and development of the legal scope of governance and the right to autonomy in the Arctic context by considering contemporary indigenous internationalism through a legal lens and by employing examples from the Arctic indigenous peoples of Greenland and Nunavut. It argues that depending on national policy, partnerships, and relations, there are possibilities for considering direct international representation, and the participation of autonomous sub-national units or indigenous peoples, as a part of the right to autonomy/self-government or internal self-determination. Since indigenous peoples have a limited legal personality and capacity in international law, the states of which they are a part can take special measures to accommodate their needs.
The European Arctic in US foreign energy policy: the case of the Norwegian high north
Authors: Offerdal Kristine 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThis article examines how US policy makers relate to the European Arctic as an oil and gas region, and more specifically to Norway's efforts to promote the region through its high north policy. The ‘high north’ is defined as the Norwegian and Russian sectors of the Barents Sea. The Norwegian assumption that northern oil and gas is of interest to the international community is tested by analysing and explaining the character of the US approach, with an assessment of whether Norway has succeeded in influencing how the USA views the high north as an energy region. Norway has managed to raise the awareness of the high north as an energy region in Washington, but the interest in the topic has been moderate. Moreover, Norwegian policy makers in the first phase of the high north initiative have misinterpreted US officials' definition of the situation in which Washington's foreign energy policy is developed. Ironically, Norway's ‘exemplary’ energy policy has led to less response than was initially expected, whereas Russia seems to be of significantly greater interest for the USA. With its relatively small resource potential, straightforward investment climate and unclear high north strategy, Norway and its high north do not stand out as very interesting to the USA, which tends to direct more attention to cases in which its oil and gas companies work under more uncertain investment framework conditions in regions with huge energy resources.
The pollination ecology of durian (Durio zibethinus, Bombacaceae) in southern Thailand
Authors: Bumrungsri Sara , Sripaoraya Ekapong , Chongsiri Thanongsak , Sridith Kitichate , Racey Paul A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract:The floral biology and pollination ecology of durian, Durio zibethinus, were determined in eight semi-wild trees in mixed-fruit orchards in southern Thailand during April-May 2003 and 2005. Flowers open fully at 16h00–16h30 and most androecia drop around 01h00. Anthers dehisce at 19h30–20h00 when the stigmata are already receptive. In a series of pollination experiments, fruit was set in all treatments within 10 d. The greatest pollination success occurred after hand-crossed (76.6%), open (54.4%) and emasculation pollination (53.3%). Consistently, hand-crossed (12.2%), emasculation (8.7%) and open pollination (5.1%) yielded a substantial fruit set 2 mo after the pollination experiments. Very low pollination success in facilitated autogamy suggests that most durian trees are highly self incompatible. No mature fruit was found after insect pollination and automatic autogamy. Fruit bats, especially Eonycteris spelaea, are the major pollinators of this durian although the giant honey bee (Apis dorsata) was the most frequent visitor to the flowers. Bats visited durian flowers at the rate of 26.1 (SD = 20.7) visits per inflorescence per night. Since this semi-wild durian depends on fruit bats as its pollinator, protecting fruit bat populations and their roosts is vital for the production of the durian fruit crop.
Tree growth inference and prediction when the point of measurement changes: modelling around buttresses in tropical forests
Authors: Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Clark James S. , Clark Deborah A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract:Estimation of tree growth is generally based on repeated diameter measurements. A buttress at the height of measurement will lead to overestimates of tree diameter. Because buttresses grow up the trunk through time, it has become common practice to increase the height of measurement, to ensure that measurements remain above the buttress. However, tapering of the trunk means that increasing measurement height will bias estimates of diameter downward by up to 10% per m of height. This bias could affect inference concerning species differences and climate effects on tree demography and on biomass accumulation. Here we introduce a hierarchical state space method that allows formal integration of data on diameter taken at different heights and can include individual variation, temporal effects or other covariates. We illustrate our approach using species from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, and La Selva, Costa Rica. Results include trends that are consistent with some of those previously reported for climate responses and changes over time, but differ in relative magnitude. By including the full data-set and accounting for bias and variation among individuals and over time, our approach allows for quantification of climate responses and the uncertainty associated with measurements and the underlying growth process.
Contrasting foraging patterns for Africanized honeybees, native bees and native wasps in a tropical agroforestry landscape
Authors: Jha Shalene , Vandermeer John H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract:Ecological and temporal factors can influence animal foraging patterns and may obscure our understanding of how native and exotic species interact. To understand how such factors affect foraging, the visitation of native and exotic bees and wasps was observed at nectar feeders within Mexican agroforestry systems, while documenting (1) vegetation management (low-shade vs. high-shade coffee), (2) light and floral resource levels and (3) recruiting ability, as measured by the change in visitation between two consecutive experimental days. On day one, Africanized honeybee visitation was significantly greater in low-shade habitats, and native solitary bee abundance was significantly greater in high-shade habitats, while native social bee and solitary wasp visitation were not significantly different between habitat types. After 24 h, Africanized honeybee visitation increased significantly in both habitat types, while native social bee visitation increased significantly only in high-shade coffee. In contrast, native solitary bee and native solitary wasp visitation decreased in both habitat types. Overall, this study reveals that Africanized honeybees exhibit only initial foraging preference for low-shade habitats, while native bees exhibit both initial and delayed recruitment-based foraging preferences for high-shade habitats.
Motion in first language acquisition: Manner and Path in French and English child language*
Authors: HICKMANN MAYA , TARANNE PIERRE , BONNET PHILIPPE 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTTwo experiments compared how French vs. English adults and children (three to seven years) described motion events. Given typological properties (Talmy, 2000) and previous results (Choi & Bowerman, 1991; Hickmann, 2003; Slobin, 2003), the main prediction was that Manner should be more salient and therefore more frequently combined with Path (MP) in English than in French, particularly with four types of ‘target’ events, as compared to manner-oriented ‘controls’: motionup/down(Experiment I,N=200) andacross(Experiment II,N=120),arrivalsanddepartures(both experiments). Results showed that MP-responses (a) varied with events and increased with age in both languages, but (b) were more frequent in English at all ages with all events, and (c) were age- and event-specific among French speakers, who also frequently expressed Path or Manner alone. The discussion highlights several factors accounting for responses, with particular attention to the interplay between cognitive factors that drive language acquisition and typological properties that constrain this process from early on.
Self-repair of speech by four-year-old Finnish children
Authors: SALONEN TUULI , LAAKSO MINNA 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to examine what four-year-old children repair in their speech. For this purpose, conversational self-repairs (N=316) made by two typically developing Finnish-speaking children (aged 4 ; 8 and 4 ; 11) were examined. The data comprised eight hours of natural interactions videotaped at the children's homes. The tapes were analyzed using conversation analysis. The children made phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexical and non-linguistic self-repairs, and also inserted additional material into their utterances. Finnish-speaking children made more syntactic and fewer morphological self-repairs than the previous research on English-speaking children suggests. Furthermore, most self-repairs were found in talk during pretend play. In designing and engaging in such play, the children skilfully used self-repair to match their talk to meet the requirements of different interactive activities and co-participants. Finally, contextual analysis of children's self-repairs showed that these were also socially motivated, and not just related to slips or errors in speech.
What is ‘word understanding’ for the parent of a one-year-old? Matching the difficulty of a lexical comprehension task to parental CDI report
Authors: STYLES SUZY , PLUNKETT KIM 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTIs parental report of comprehension valid for individual words? If so, how well must an infant know a word before their parents will report it as ‘understood’? We report an experiment in which parental report predicts infant performance in a referent identification task at 1 ; 6. Unlike in previous research of this kind (i.e. Houston-Price, Mather & Sakkalou, 2007), infants saw items only once, and image pairs were taxonomic sisters. The match between parental report and infant behaviour provides evidence of the item-level accuracy of both measures of lexical comprehension, and informs our understanding of how British parents interpret standardized Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs).
Viable rabbits derived from oocytes by intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoa from an infertile male
Authors: Li Qiuyan , Hou Jian , Wang Sheng , Guan Hong , Zhang Nan , Chen Yongfu , An Xiaorong 
Published: December 2008

SummaryIntracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an assisted fertilization technique and has been widely applied in human medicine to overcome some obstacles of infertility. However, this technology has not yet been used as a mainstream technique for animal production, including the rabbit, due to its limited success. The aim of this study was to improve ICSI techniques and establish an efficient ICSI method for rabbits. Spermatozoa used for ICSI were collected from mature New Zealand white male rabbits. They were washed two to three times with HEPES-buffered TCM199 containing 10% FBS and then mixed with 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) prior to microinjection. Oocytes were harvested from superovulated donor rabbits after 14–15 h hCG treatment and were fertilized by microinjection of a single living spermatozoon into the ooplasm of each oocyte without additional activation treatment. A total of 317 injected oocytes resulted in the high survival rate of 86.1%. Among the surviving oocytes, 273 were placed into culture dishes for in vitro development. The fertilization, cleavage and blastocyst rates were 59.0%, 88.2% and 45.3% respectively. Furthermore, ICSI embryos were produced with spermatozoa from an infertile male rabbit, and 21 early-stage embryos (2-cell and 4-cell) were surgically transferred into the oviducts of two adult female rabbits. On day 31 after transfer, one out of the two recipients gave birth to two normal and healthy young rabbits. These results demonstrate that rabbit oocytes can be successfully activated and fertilized by the new ICSI protocol. Spermatozoa derived from infertile rabbits can successful fertilize oocytes and produce offspring by the simple ICSI technique.
OPS vitrification of mouse immature oocytes before or after meiosis: the effect on cumulus cells maintenance and subsequent development
Authors: Suo Lun , Zhou Guang-Bin , Meng Qing-Gang , Yan Chang-Liang , Fan Zhi-Qiang , Zhao Xue-Ming , Fu Xiang-Wei , Wang Yan-Ping , Zhang Qing-Jing , Zhu Shi-En 
Published: December 2008

SummaryCryopreservation can cause cumulus cell damage around the immature oocytes, which may result in poor subsequent development. To evaluate the effect of the meiosis stage on the cumulus cell cryoinjury and determine the suitable stage for cryopreservation in immature oocytes, mouse oocytes at germinal vesicle (GV) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) stages were vitrified using open pulled straw (OPS) method. Cumulus cells damage was scored immediately after thawing by double-fluorescent staining. The survival rate of the oocytes was evaluated and the subsequent development of oocytes was assessed through in vitro culture (IVC) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) separately. After vitrification, a higher proportion of cumulus cells of GV oocytes were damaged than those of GVBD and untreated control groups. The survival rate of vitrified GVBD oocytes (94.1%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of GV oocytes (85.4%). Oocytes vitrified at GVBD stage (55.7%) showed similar cleavage rate compared to those at GV stage (49.2%), but significantly higher (p < 0.05) blastocyst rate (40.9% vs. 27.4%). These results demonstrate that oocytes at GVBD stage remain better cumulus membrane integrity and developmental ability during vitrification than those at GV stage, indicating they are more suitable for immature oocytes cryopreservation in mice.
Pendent Drops at Elevated P & T
Authors: Georgiadis Apostolos , Maitland Geoffrey , Trusler Martin , Kazarian Sergei , Bismarck Alexander 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWithin the scope of producing clean fossil fuels by simultaneously tackling greenhouse gas emissions, the interfacial tension of partially miscible phases containing CO~2~ is being investigated with the pendant drop method. Emphasis is given to measurements at elevated pressures and temperatures, analogous to reservoir conditions. A high pressure apparatus consisting of a view cell and high pressure capillary fittings is used for creating pendent drops at the desired conditions. A computer aided Drop Shape Analysis system is used for capturing images of such drops, which are then analysed for the interfacial tension calculation of the two phases with the KRUSS DSA software. The results acquired from the initial measurements conducted for the H~2~O/CO~2~ system are presented in comparison with literature data.
The Physical and Social Environment in Kaiser Permanente’s Research Program in Genes, Environment and Health
Authors: Schaefer Catherine 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDr. Catherine Schaefer described Kaiser Permanente's Research Program on Genes, Environment and Health, which will be a large resource facilitating further studies analyzing the influence of genes and the environment. She described both the goals and the processes of the program in detail.To watch Dr. Schaefer’s presentation, please see the Panel 3 "Google Video posting.":http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-7775076897136846879&hl=en Panel 3 also features a presentation by Dr. Atul Butte of Stanford University on “Linking the Genome and Envirome.”
Gene-Environment Interaction: Definitions and Study Designs
Authors: Ottman Ruth 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDr. Ruth Ottman first discussed different models of gene-environment interactions and then delved into designs of studies attempting to elucidate such interactions. She stressed the importance of using the correct measurement scale, whether additive or multiplicative, noting that the additive measurement scale is more consistent with biological models. Dr. Ottman concluded by reminding the audience of the need for very large sample sizes, and thus collaboration, in gene-environment interaction studies. To watch Dr. Ottman’s presentation, please see the Panel 2 "Google Video posting.":http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8804321603731619003&hl=en
The Undertheorized Environment: Sociological Insights for Behavioral Genetics
Authors: Perrin Andrew 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDr. Andrew Perrin discussed the ontological claims and social theory which run beneath ideas of genetic causation of behavioral traits. He outlined five criteria for evaluating and conceptualizing the environment within genetic studies. He concluded by emphasizing complexity and describing gene-environment interaction chains.To watch Dr. Perrin’s presentation, please see the Panel 2 “Google Video posting.”:http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8804321603731619003&hl=en
The Costs and Benefits of Lousy Measures of the Environment
Authors: Turkheimer Eric 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDr. Eric Turkheimer focused on the nonshared environment project and pointed to the nonshared environment and its components as the central problem of human scientific psychology. He described three causal models, applying them to each genetic and environmental causation, and concluded that rough measurements lead to detectable causations, but more precise measurements make the effects harder to detect. To watch Dr. Turkheimer’s presentation, please see the Panel 2 "Google Video posting.":http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8804321603731619003&hl=en
Perspectives on Gene-Environment Interplay in Psychiatry
Authors: Rutter Michael 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSir Michael Rutter began the symposium with a broad overview of gene-environment interplay.He described the goals of studying such interactions and pointed to the inherent challenges. He concluded by stressing the need for a variety of strategies for research. To watch Sir Rutter’s presentation, please see the Panel 1 "Google Video posting.":http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3097337289947323438&hl=en Panel 1 also features welcoming remarks by Dr. Mildred Cho and Professor Hank Greely, both of Stanford University.
Taste, Smell, and Anorexia in the Aged: What Can We Do To Help the Patients? An Initial Primer
Authors: Henkin Robert I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWhat is the etiology of anorexia in the aged? Can it be corrected? How is this accomplished? These questions reflect a complex set of phenomena made more complex since there is no standard formula to either define or correct anorexia. There is also no established group of physicians or other caretakers to whom to turn for help to evaluate or treat these problems. This leaves you with the difficult task of offering advice to others who are called upon to deal with these issues but who may feel insecure in their knowledge about caring for anorexia of the elderly or nursing home residents. This may place you in a difficult diagnostic as well as therapeutic quandary. You may be forced to be the leaders to evaluate anorexia and to assist in overcoming its multiple clinical consequences. This paper will attempt to inform you of some helpful strategies which may be effective in assisting you to evaluate and treat one aspect of the complex phenomena which affects the many patients with anorexia.
Cognitive Impairment, Wayfinding, and the Long-Term Care Environment
Authors: Brush Jennifer A. , Calkins Margaret P. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Research has shown that the environment affects cognition and communication, and that modifications appear to improve functioning in individuals with dementia. Unfortunately, poorly designed environmental features often contribute to unsatisfactory responses or behaviors in individuals with cognitive impairment. This article will discuss the impact of the environment on orientation and wayfinding and provide some suggestions for effective modification in long-term care facilities.