bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF PERACETIC ACID IN THE VAPOR PHASE
Authors: Schmidt C. , Sehon A. H. 
Published: May 2006

The thermal decomposition of peracetic acid in a stream of toluene was studied over the temperature range 127–360 °C. The main products of the reaction were CO2, CH3COOH, C2H6, CH4, HCHO, O2, and traces of CO. Dibenzyl was also formed.The overall decomposition of peracetic acid was partly heterogeneous and was represented by the two parallel primary reactions[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]The dissociation energy of the O—O bond in peracetic acid was estimated to be 30–34 kcal/mole.
Personal responsibility for private sector housing renewal: Issues in health improvement
Authors: Stewart Jill , Clayton Julie , Ruston Annmarie 
Published: May 2006

Objective To investigate current policy in respect of resourcing private sector housing renewal to promote healthy housing and communities. Design A qualitative study using focus group research investigating what low-income home owners would find helpful in carrying out maintenance and repair to their homes. Setting The focus groups were held in the area office of a South London (private sector housing) Renewal Area. Method Exploratory focus groups were held in 2003 to 2004, to represent low-income ethnically diverse home-owners within the Renewal Area. Results Respondents were open to looking at new ways of maintaining and repairing their homes, although tended to focus around their own needs rather than the works a local authority may strategically wish to see carried out in private housing sector to meet legal housing standards and promote healthy housing. Conclusion Local authorities need to be able to find new, evidence-based ways of supporting home-owners to carry out maintenance and repairs to their homes as part of a wider public health agenda.
A comparison of univariate and multivariate gene selection techniques for classification of cancer datasets
Authors: Lai Carmen , Reinders Marcel JT , van't Veer Laura J , Wessels Lodewyk FA 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Gene selection is an important step when building predictors of disease state based on gene expression data. Gene selection generally improves performance and identifies a relevant subset of genes. Many univariate and multivariate gene selection approaches have been proposed. Frequently the claim is made that genes are co-regulated (due to pathway dependencies) and that multivariate approaches are therefore per definition more desirable than univariate selection approaches. Based on the published performances of all these approaches a fair comparison of the available results can not be made. This mainly stems from two factors. First, the results are often biased, since the validation set is in one way or another involved in training the predictor, resulting in optimistically biased performance estimates. Second, the published results are often based on a small number of relatively simple datasets. Consequently no generally applicable conclusions can be drawn.

Results
In this study we adopted an unbiased protocol to perform a fair comparison of frequently used multivariate and univariate gene selection techniques, in combination with a ränge of classifiers. Our conclusions are based on seven gene expression datasets, across several cancer types.

Conclusion
Our experiments illustrate that, contrary to several previous studies, in five of the seven datasets univariate selection approaches yield consistently better results than multivariate approaches. The simplest multivariate selection approach, the Top Scoring method, achieves the best results on the remaining two datasets. We conclude that the correlation structures, if present, are difficult to extract due to the small number of samples, and that consequently, overly-complex gene selection algorithms that attempt to extract these structures are prone to overtraining.
Transcriptome coexpression map of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Li Huai , Liu Ying , Shin Soojung , Sun Yu , Loring Jeanne F , Mattson Mark P , Rao Mahendra S , Zhan Ming 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Human embryonic stem (ES) cells hold great promise for medicine and science. The transcriptome of human ES cells has been studied in detail in recent years. However, no systematic analysis has yet addressed whether gene expression in human ES cells may be regulated in chromosomal domains, and no chromosomal domains of coexpression have been identified.

Results
We report the first transcriptome coexpression map of the human ES cell and the earliest stage of ES differentiation, the embryoid body (EB), for the analysis of how transcriptional regulation interacts with genomic structure during ES self-renewal and differentiation. We determined the gene expression profiles from multiple ES and EB samples and identified chromosomal domains showing coexpression of adjacent genes on the genome. The coexpression domains were not random, with significant enrichment in chromosomes 8, 11, 16, 17, 19, and Y in the ES state, and 6, 11, 17, 19 and 20 in the EB state. The domains were significantly associated with Giemsa-negative bands in EB, yet showed little correlation with known cytogenetic structures in ES cells. Different patterns of coexpression were revealed by comparative transcriptome mapping between ES and EB.

Conclusion
The findings and methods reported in this investigation advance our understanding of how genome organization affects gene expression in human ES cells and help to identify new mechanisms and pathways controlling ES self-renewal or differentiation.
"Sleepiness" is serious in adolescence: Two surveys of 3235 Canadian students
Authors: Gibson Edward S , Powles AC Peter , Thabane Lehana , O'Brien Susan , Molnar Danielle Sirriani , Trajanovic Nik , Ogilvie Robert , Shapiro Colin , Yan Mi , Chilcott-Tanser Lisa 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Evidence is growing that sleep problems in adolescents are significant impediments to learning and negatively affect behaviour, attainment of social competence and quality of life. The objectives of the study were to determine the level of sleepiness among students in high school, to identify factors to explain it, and to determine the association between sleepiness and performance in both academic and extracurricular activities

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of 2201 high school students in the Hamilton Wentworth District School Board and the Near North District School Board in Ontario was conducted in 1998/9. A similar survey was done three years later involving 1034 students in the Grand Erie District School Board in the same Province. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to measure sleepiness and we also assessed the reliability of this tool for this population. Descriptive analysis of the cohort and information on various measures of performance and demographic data were included. Regression analysis, using the generalised estimating equation (GEE), was utilized to investigate factors associated with risk of sleepiness (ESS>10).

Results
Seventy per cent of the students had less than 8.5 hours weeknight sleep. Bedtime habits such as a consistent bedtime routine, staying up late or drinking caffeinated beverages before bed were statistically significantly associated with ESS, as were weeknight sleep quantity and gender. As ESS increased there was an increase in the proportion of students who felt their grades had dropped because of sleepiness, were late for school, were often extremely sleepy at school, and were involved in fewer extracurricular activities. These performance measures were statistically significantly associated with ESS. Twenty-three percent of the students felt their grades had dropped because of sleepiness. Most students (58–68%) reported that they were "really sleepy" between 8 and 10 A.M.

Conclusion
Sleep deprivation and excessive daytime sleepiness were common in two samples of Ontario high school students and were associated with a decrease in academic achievement and extracurricular activity. There is a need to increase awareness of this problem in the education and health communities and to translate knowledge already available to strategies to address it.
Infant feeding and the media: the relationship between Parents' Magazine content and breastfeeding, 1972–2000
Authors: Foss Katherine A , Southwell Brian G 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMass media content likely influences the decision of women to breastfeed their newborn children. Relatively few studies have empirically assessed such a hypothesis to date, however. Most work has tended to focus either on specific interventions or on broad general commentary about the role of media. In this study, we examined infant feeding advertisements in 87 issues ofParents' Magazine, a popular parenting magazine, from the years 1971 through 1999. We then used content analysis results to predict subsequent changes in levels of breastfeeding among U.S. women. When the frequency of hand feeding advertisements increased, the percentage change in breastfeeding rates reported the next year generally tended to decrease. These results underscore the need to acknowledge the potential role of popular media content in understanding breastfeeding patterns and public health trends.
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in head and neck cancer: its role and treatment implications
Authors: Zimmermann Michel , Zouhair Abderrahim , Azria David , Ozsahin Mahmut 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the ErbB family of receptors. Its stimulation by endogenous ligands, EGF or transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) results in activation of intracellular tyrosine kinase, therefore, cell cycle progression. High levels of EGFR expression are correlated with poor prognosis and resistance to radiation therapy in a variety of cancers, mostly in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Blocking the EGFR by a monoclonal antibody results in inhibition of the stimulation of the receptor, therefore, in inhibition of cell proliferation, enhanced apoptosis, and reduced angiogenesis, invasiveness and metastases. The EGFR is a prime target for new anticancer therapy in SCCHN, and other agents in development include small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antisense therapies.
Predictors of Vinorelbine Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Wong Mark , Balleine Rosemary L. , Blair Elaine Y.L. , McLachlan Andrew J. , Ackland Stephen P. , Garg Madhu B. , Evans Scott , Farlow David , Collins Michael , Rivory Laurent P. , Hoskins Janelle M. , Mann Graham J. , Clarke Christine L. , Gurney Howard 
Published: May 2006

PurposeMarked interindividual variation in drug disposition and toxicity pose an ongoing challenge to chemotherapy dosage individualization. The aim of this study was to evaluate pretreatment clinical features, genotype and functional indicators of drug clearance as predictors of vinorelbine clearance, and myelotoxicity that could inform dosage optimization.Patients and MethodsForty-one patients with cancer received a 60 mg intravenous dose of vinorelbine. Pretreatment routine body size measurements and blood tests were performed. Midazolam clearance and hepatic technetium labeled sestamibi (99mTc-MIBI) clearance were used to investigate CYP3A and ABCB1 (MDR1, P-glycoprotein) phenotype respectively and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP3A and ABCB1 were documented. A limited blood sampling strategy was employed and vinorelbine concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Posterior Bayesian estimates of vinorelbine clearance were obtained for each patient using population pharmacokinetic modeling. Myelotoxicity was estimated from the fractional survival of neutrophils post-treatment.ResultsThere was 4.3-fold variation in vinorelbine clearance across the cohort. In a multivariable analysis, pretreatment estimated creatinine clearance (P < .01) and hepatic99mTc-MIBI clearance (P = .01) were independent predictors of vinorelbine clearance. Fractional survival of neutrophils ranged from 1.3% to 100% and was significantly correlated with vinorelbine clearance (P < .01). Body-surface area was the only pretreatment predictor of fractional survival of neutrophils independent of vinorelbine clearance (P = .02).ConclusionSpecific indicators of drug clearance provide predictive information about vinorelbine pharmacokinetics, and body-surface area, probably reflecting normal bone marrow reserve, provides an additional pharmacodynamic indicator. Use of a fixed dose of vinorelbine with modifications guided by pretreatment measures is worthy of prospective evaluation.
Time-domain modelling of turbo-compressors in direct injection diesel engines
Authors: Torregrosa A J , Broatch A , Climent H , Fernández T 
Published: May 2006

In this paper, the development and validation of a new turbo-compressor model for one-dimensional flow modelling in intake systems of turbocharged internal-combustion engines are presented. The proposed model is based, as usual, on data contained in the turbo-compressor operating chart. However, whereas in the usual models the turbo-compressor is simply considered as a quasi-steady boundary condition to a pipe, here it is regarded as consisting of two cavities, simulating the rotor and the stator, with the compressor chart imposed as a boundary condition between them. This simple solution gives the possibility of computing the flow upstream of the turbo-compressor, which is not straightforward with the usual models. The proposed model has been validated against experimental tests performed on an engine test bench. Two different turbo-compressors were considered, for automotive and truck application respectively. Instead of the direct comparison between calculated and measured instantaneous pressures shown in most of the literature on one-dimensional flow modelling, here the validation methodology is based on the consideration of pressure components (forward and backward waves), as usual in the acoustic literature. These components may be obtained from multiple sensor measurements and their use for model validation is equivalent to the consideration of flow velocity additionally to pressure.
Structural Defects in LB Films of Barium Salts of Fatty Acid Based on X-Ray Analysis
Authors: Kajiyama Tisato , Hanada Issei , Shuto Kenshiro , Oishi Yushi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Structural defects and crystalline dimensions in LB films prepared from barium salts of fatty acids with different alkyl chain length at various surface pressures were investigated on the basis of X-ray measurements. An increase in the alkyl chain length enhances the regularity in LB films. Not only the crystalline distortion in LB films but also the morphological heterogeneity of the monolayer caused the disorder along the longitudinal direction in LB films.
Interaction of Amino Acids and Silica-Containing Mixed-Oxide Surfaces in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Kaneko Shoji , Mikawa Masatsugu , Yamagiwa Sei-ichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The addition of alumina, magnesia, or titania to silica has been effective on the adsorption of amino acids. The initial pH of amino acid solution and the pore-size distribution of the mixed oxide had an influence on the adsorption; the adsorption mechanism has been discussed.
Excessively Copper Ion-exchanged ZSM-5 Zeolites as Highly Active Catalysts for Direct Decomposition of Nitrogen Monoxide
Authors: Iwamoto Masakazu , Yahiro Hidenori , Mine Yoshihiro , Kagawa Shuichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Repeated ion exchange of the ZSM-5 zeolite using aqueous copper(II) acetate solution was found to bring about excess loading of copper ions above 100% of exchange level. The catalytic activities of the resulting Cu-ZSM-5 zeolites for direct decomposition of nitrogen monoxide were very high and increased with increasing exchange level. The activity did not decrease even after 30 h of continuous service.
Ionic Conductivity and Structure of Double Chloride Li2ZnCl4 in the LiCl–ZnCl2 System
Authors: Kanno Ryoji , Takeda Yasuo , Mori Masashi , Yamamoto Osamu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The phase diagram of the LiCl–ZnCl2 system was determined. The system contained one intermediate compound, Li2ZnCl4; it transformed from the normal spinel to the olivine structure at 215 °C. Electrical conductivity measurements showed a high ionic conductivity of 2.0 × 10−4 S cm−1 280 °C.
The Synthesis of 2′-Deoxyadenosine via Stereospecific Coupling Reaction
Authors: Kawakami Hiroshi , Matsushita Hajime , Naoi Yoshitake , Itoh Kazuo , Yoshikoshi Hajime 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The coupling reaction of the sodium salt of adenine, which could be easily prepared by deprotonation with sodium hydroxide or sodium methoxide, with 1-α-chloro-2-deoxyribose derivative proceeded in a good stereospecific manner in acetone as a solvent to give the β-anomer of the corresponding acylated adenosine.
Efficient Preparation of New Chiral Synthons Useful for (+)-Carbacyclin Synthsis by Utilizing Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Prochiral σ-Symmetric Diesters
Authors: Nagao Yoshimitsu , Kume Masaharu , Wakabayashi Robin Chikako , Nakamura Takeshi , Ochiai Masahito 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolyses of some prochiral σ-symmetric dimethyl esters employing porcine liver esterase and porcine pancreatic lipase were investigated, resulting in the enantioselective preparation of the corresponding new monoesters useful for (+)-carbacyclin synthesis. It was also demonstrated that the hydrolysis with porcine liver esterase was remarkably affected by acetone as a co-solvent.
Ion Sensitive Tin Oxide Electrodes Carrying Amphiphilic Crown Ether Langmuir–Blodgett Films
Authors: Yoshida Shoichiro , Okawa Yusuke , Watanabe Tadashi , Inokuma Seiichi , Kuwamura Tsunehiko 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Langmuir–Blodgett films of octadecyloxymethyl-18-crown-6 or 6-[bis(tetradecyloxymethyl)methoxyethanoylamino]hexanoylaminomethyl-18-crown-6 were deposited onto an SnO2 electrode to give depletion-mode field-effect semiconductor sensors based on the surface conductance change upon ionic incorporation.
High Resolution Solid State NMR of 27AlF3 Particles Observed by a Conventional Fourier-Transform Spectrometer
Authors: Kimura Keisaku , Satoh Naoki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In a AlF3 colloidal dispersion, high resolution 27Al NMR in solid is reported using a conventional Fourier-Transform NMR spectrometer. Five well resolved peaks are observed and the relative intensity of which strongly depends on the diameter of particles. Comparing the chemical shifts of these lines with the XPS data, the bonding between Al and F atoms in a small particle is less ionic than the bulk one.
In-Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Semiconductor(n-TiO2)/Liquid Interfaces. A Role of Band Bending in Semiconductors
Authors: Itaya Kingo , Tomita Eisuke 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
It is found in this study that electron tunneling from the conduction band in the semiconductor to the metal tip is possible if the electrode potential of the semiconductor is negative with respect to the flat band potential. The result clearly reveals the role of band bending in semiconductors for electron tunneling at the semiconductor/liquid interface.
Potential Dependencies of the Products on Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide at a Copper Electrode
Authors: Noda Hidetomo , Ikeda Shoichiro , Oda Yoshiyuki , Ito Kaname 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Potentiostatic electrochemical reduction of CO2 was carried out at a Cu electrode in 0.1 mol dm−3 KHCO3 aqueous solution at 298 K. As reduction products from CO2, HCOO−, CO, CH4, C2H4, CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H5CHO, n-C3H7OH etc. were detected and determined by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The composition of these products changed drastically with a slight variation of electrode potential.
Microvoltammetric Measurements in a Single Microcapsule
Authors: Abe Takayuki , Matsue Tomokazu , Uchida Isamu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
microcapsule (radius; 1.6 mm) were made by using a carbon fiber microelectrode. The permeability coefficient of Mo(CN)84− through the capsule wallwas determined by the variation of the concentration with time and found to be (1.6 ± 0.1) × 10−4 cm/s. The electrochemical measurement insidea smaller microcapsule (radius; ca. 100 μm) was also performed.
NOESY Spectra of 1-Acetoxy-6-aryl-2-aryloxy-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes. Revision of the Absolute Configuration of (+)-Phrymarolin I
Authors: Taniguchi Eiji , Ishibashi Fumito 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The absolute configuration of (+)-phrymarolin I was revised as (1S,2R,5R,6S) on the basis of its relative configuration established by comparison of the NOESY spectra of the stereoisomers.
Visualization of Protein Penetration from an Aqueous Subphase into a Lipid Monolayer at an Air–Water Interface by Gold Marker
Authors: Araki Toshinari , Sugawara Yuzo , Hirao Nobumasa , Iwamoto Takeo , Yoshiura Masahiko , Iriyama Keiji 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Immunoelectron microscopic examinations provided a direct evidence that Staphylcoccus aureus α-toxin, an amphiphilic protein, could penetrate into a monolayer of l-α-dioleoyllecithin prepared on an aqueous subphase containing the toxin.
XPS Study of Au Bis(mnt) Complexes
Authors: Kutsumizu Shoichi , Kojima Norimichi , Ban Toshiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The XPS study has been carried out for the [Au(mnt)2]− and [Au(mnt)2]2− salts. The AuIII states were confirmed for both monoanion and dianion salts; although the obtained Au4f7/2 peak for the [Au(mnt)2]2− dianion is at 0.8–1.0 eV higher energy than that for the [Auf(mnt)2]− salt, this apparent energy shift is explained as arising from the Madelung potential difference between the two. It is concluded that the oxidation state of the central metal Au does not change with reduction.
Facile Shifts of Bromine Atom on C-3 Position of Guaiazulene and Synthesis of Variously Functionalized Azulenes Using These Reactions
Authors: Nozoe Tetsuo , Ishikawa Sumio , Shindo Kimio 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Treatment of guaiazulene (1) with NBS in hexane gave exclusively 3-bromo compound, while in benzene it afforded various side-chain-brominated compounds. Shifts of bromine atom catalyzed by succinimide were observed in benzene, presumably via intermolecular radical pathways. Using these reactions, various side-chain-functionalyzed derivatives of 1, including epoxy compounds, were prepared.
Metallic Temperature Dependence in the Conductivity of Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Tridecylmethylammonium–Au(dmit)2
Authors: Nakamura Takayoshi , Kojima Kunihiko , Matsumoto Mutsuyoshi , Tachibana Hiroaki , Tanaka Motoo , Manda Eiichiro , Kawabata Yasujiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Conductive Langmuir–Blodgett films of tridecylmethylammonium–Au(dmit)2 complex are described. The 1:1 mixed films with icosanoic acid were converted into conductors by oxidation. The film exhibited the conductivity of ca. 25 S/cm, which showed the metallic temperature dependence around room temperature.
(Methyl Difluoroacetate)copper Reagent. Remarkable Solvent Effect on the 19F-NMR Spectrum, Stability and Reactivity
Authors: Kitagawa Osamu , Taguchi Takeo , Kobayashi Yoshiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The 19F-NMR spectrum, thermal stability and reactivity of (methyl difluoroacetate)copper reagent were found to differ remarkably depending on the solvent (DMSO, DMF, or HMPA) used. With allylic bromide or alkynyl halide a crucial solvent effect for the coupling reactions was observed.
High Temperature Pulsed Valve and Its Application to Laser Spectroscopic Study of CdAr van der Waals Complex
Authors: Okunishi Misaki , Yamanouchi Kaoru , Tsuchiya Soji 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A high temperature pulsed valve which can be operated at temperatures up to 600 °C is developed and applied to laser spectroscopy of CdAr van der Waals complex. On the basis of rotational analysis of the laser induced fluorescence spectra of the C–X transitions, the interatomic potential of the C state of CdAr is determined.