bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian disease mapping using product partition models
Authors: Hegarty Avril , Barry Daniel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOur objective is to develop a model to estimate the relative risk of disease in each area, Ai, i=1, … , n, of a region and to identify areas of unusually high or low risk. We use a product partition model (PPM) in which we assume that the true relative risks can be partitioned into a number of components or sets of areas where the relative risks are equal. The PPM allows the data to weight those partitions likely to hold and inference about particular parameters may be made by first conditioning on the partition and then averaging over all partitions. We develop Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to approximate the posterior distributions of the partitions and the parameters. We first test the method in a simulation study and then apply it to data for two separate groups of different types of cancer in the Mid‐Western Health Board region in Ireland. The results are compared with those obtained using the standardized mortality ratio method, an empirical Bayes method, a spatial scan method and a nonparametric Bayesian method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repeated events and total time on test
Authors: Kvist Kajsa , Andersen Per Kragh , Angst Jules , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe adopt the total time on test procedure to investigate monotone time trends in the intensity in a repeated event setting. The correct model is assumed to be a proportional hazards model, with a random effect to account for dependence within subjects. The method offers a simple routine for testing relevant hypotheses for recurrent event processes, without making distributional assumptions about the frailty. Such assumptions may severely affect conclusions concerning regression coefficients and cause bias in the estimated heterogeneity. The method is illustrated by re‐analyzing Danish registry data and a long‐term Swiss clinical study on recurrence in affective disorder. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A unified modeling framework for metabonomic profile development and covariate selection for acute trauma subjects
Authors: Ghosh S. , Dey D. K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAcute trauma is often associated with progressive deterioration of multiple organ systems in humans and is the leading cause of death in trauma care units. Identification of specific organ failure in a non‐invasive manner and the contribution of different demographic factors on the casual progression of acute trauma are of supreme interests for successful diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring of trauma status. Recently, electrospray ionization and matrix‐assisted laser desorption time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry have been used to identify biomarkers in both proteomics and metabonomics studies. Data sets generated from mass spectrometers in such studies are generally very large in size and thus require the use of sophisticated statistical techniques to glean useful information. In a recent development, Ghosh et al. (BMC Bioinformatics 2008; 9:38) suggested a unified semiparametric approach to distinguish urinary metabolic profiles in a group of traumatic subjects from those of a control group consisting of normal individuals. In this study we have extended their approach by combining available covariate information in the development of metabonomic profile of acute trauma. We have shown that age is a statistically significant covariate across trauma and control group, thus pointing out the fact that prognosis of trauma may be acutely linked with subjects' age. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model replication: transformations to address model scalability
Authors: Lin Yuehua , Gray Jeff , Zhang Jing , Nordstrom Steve , Gokhale Aniruddha , Neema Sandeep , Gokhale Swapna 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn model‐driven engineering, it is often desirable to evaluate different design alternatives as they relate to scalability issues of the modeled system. A typical approach to address scalability is model replication, which starts by creating base models that capture the key entities as model elements and their relationships as model connections. A collection of base models can be adorned with necessary information to characterize a specific scalability concern as it relates to how the base modeling elements are replicated and connected together. In current modeling practice, such a model replication is usually accomplished by scaling the base model manually. This is a time‐consuming process that represents a source of error, especially when there are deep interactions between model components. As an alternative to the manual process, this paper presents the idea of automated model replication through a model transformation process that expands the number of elements from the base model and makes the correct connections among the generated modeling elements. The paper motivates the need for model replication through case studies taken from models supporting different domains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New adaptive compressors for natural language text
Authors: Brisaboa N. R. , Fariña A. , Navarro G. , Parama J. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSemistatic byte‐oriented word‐based compression codes have been shown to be an attractive alternative to compress natural language text databases, because of the combination of speed, effectiveness, and direct searchability they offer. In particular, our recently proposed family of dense compression codes has been shown to be superior to the more traditional byte‐oriented word‐based Huffman codes in most aspects. In this paper, we focus on the problem of transmitting texts among peers that do not share the vocabulary. This is the typical scenario for adaptive compression methods. We design adaptive variants of our semistatic dense codes, showing that they are much simpler and faster than dynamic Huffman codes and reach almost the same compression effectiveness. We show that our variants have a very compelling trade‐off between compression/decompression speed, compression ratio, and search speed compared with most of the state‐of‐the‐art general compressors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical study of fully developed turbulent flow within and above a dense forest
Authors: Dalpé Benoit , Masson Christian 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFully developed wind flow predictions within and above a dense forest were obtained using a computational fluid dynamics model. The model used a porous media analogy and a modified k‐ϵ turbulence model where source terms were added to the momentum and turbulence equations. The mathematical model was solved using the software FLUENT 6.2. Experimental measurements from a black spruce forest, a jack pine forest and an aspen forest were used to validate the model. Two different ground boundary conditions were proposed: a full‐slip boundary condition and a boundary condition that takes into account the forest ground roughness. Using these two boundary conditions, the accuracy of the proposed method was tested for forests with low foliage density. The innovative top boundary condition of Dalpé and Masson was validated with experimental measurements from Amiro. A sensitivity analysis was also performed on two important parameters: the drag coefficient and the leaf area density distribution. Results indicate that the proposed method simulated well the characteristics of wind flow within and above a forest. Results also indicate that, to obtain accurate results above the forest, it is necessary to take into account the forest ground roughness for forests with CDLAI < 0.6. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Provenance study of Gothic paintings from North‐East Slovakia by handheld x‐ray fluorescence, microscopy and x‐ray microdiffraction
Authors: Hradil David , Hradilová Janka , Bezdička Petr , Švarcová Silvie 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDuring the restoration of the Altarpiece of Matejovce, Northern Slovakia, a unique example of the so‐called Cracow school of painting of European 15th century, noninvasive handheld x‐ray fluorescence was used for in situ measurements in restoration probes with the aim to distinguish original paints and repaints. The layer stratigraphy was then precisely described on cross‐sections of microsamples by light and electron microscopes. Material composition of original Gothic layers was also investigated by powder x‐ray microdiffraction and compared with materials used on different parts of the Altarpiece of Bardejov, North‐East Slovakia, and on the unique canvas painting ‘The death of St. Acacius and Ten Thousands Martyrs of Mt. Ararat’ devoted by some historians to the same workshop. We found that Altarpiece of Matejovce was partially repainted maybe in 18th and namely in 19th centuries with no important influence to the original artistic composition of figures. We confirmed that only two triangular gables from the Altarpiece of Bardejov can be assigned to the workshop of the Master of Matejovce altarpiece. In the case of canvas painting, its belonging to the same workshop was definitely approved by this materials research. The most important feature was that Master of Matejovce altarpiece used Zn‐dolomites containing iron red, which could come from oxidation zones of carbonate‐hosted ZnPb deposits near Cracow, Poland, and azurite with admixtures of Cu and Zn arsenates possibly from the Slovak Cu deposit at L'ubietová. The preference of regional sources of pigments distinguishes the ‘Cracow school’ from other workshops acting simultaneously in the same region. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Valproic acid metabolism and its effects on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation: A review
Authors: Silva M. F. B. , Aires C. C. P. , Luis P. B. M. , Ruiter J. P. N. , IJlst L. , Duran M. , Wanders R. J. A. , Tavares de Almeida I. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryValproic acid (VPA; 2‐n‐propylpentanoic acid) is widely used as a major drug in the treatment of epilepsy and in the control of several types of seizures. Being a simple fatty acid, VPA is a substrate for the fatty acid β‐oxidation (FAO) pathway, which takes place primarily in mitochondria. The toxicity of valproate has long been considered to be due primarily to its interference with mitochondrial β‐oxidation. The metabolism of the drug, its effects on enzymes of FAO and their cofactors such as CoA and/or carnitine will be reviewed. The cumulative consequences of VPA therapy in inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) and the importance of recognizing an underlying IEM in cases of VPA‐induced steatosis and acute liver toxicity are two different concepts that will be emphasized.
Effects of long‐term grazing on the morphological and functional traits of Leymus chinensis in the semiarid grassland of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Zhao Wei , Chen Shi‐Ping , Han Xing‐Guo , Lin Guang‐Hui 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLivestock grazing represents a major human disturbance to grasslands throughout the world. We evaluated the effects of long‐term grazing (>20 years) on a dominant perennial grass species, Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel., in the semiarid grassland of Inner Mongolia, China, in terms of its morphological and functional responses. L. chinensis, one of the most abundant species in semiarid grassland, had significantly smaller leaf area, fewer vegetative tillers and shorter shoot internodes length, but significantly greater specific leaf area for the individuals in the grazing plot than those in the exclosure (grazing‐free) plot. Long‐term grazing also altered the relative distribution of biomass to leaves, roots and rhizomes. The biomass, coverage and the number of species were lower in the grazing plot by 50–70% in comparison with those in the grazing‐free plot. In addition, the long‐term grazing substantively decreased the physiological capacities of this grass species, including significantly lower net photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency, photochemical efficiency of PSII and water use efficiency. Significantly higher stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) of the soil water in the grazing plot than those in the grazing‐free plot indicated a much higher soil evaporation in the grazing plot because of less litter coverage. Seasonal patterns in the δ18O values of the stem water of L. chinensis and three other common species in the grazing and grazing‐free plots indicated that plants in the grazing and grazing‐free plots might shift their water sources differently from a dry month (June) to a wet month (August). This study illustrated the importance of using different approaches to study the possible responses of grass species in arid regions to human disturbances, such as long‐term grazing.
Lipid Classes, Fatty Acid Distributions and Triacylglycerol Molecular Species of Broad Beans (Vicia faba)
Authors: Yoshida Hiromi , Tomiyama Yuka , Yoshida Naoko , Saiki Masayuki , Mizushina Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSeed oils from four legume cultivars of Vicia faba, grown in Japan, were extracted and classified by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) into eight fractions. The major lipid components were triacylglycerols (TAG: 48.8–50.1%) and phospholipids (PL: 47.5–50.5%), while hydrocarbons (HC), steryl esters (SE), free fatty acids (FFA), diacylglycerols (1,3‐ and 1,2‐DAG) and monoacylglycerols (MAG) were present in minor proportions (1.8–2.4%). All lipid samples had high amounts of total unsaturated FA, representing 79.7–82.8% and 77.6–79.7% for TAG and PL, respectively. Molecular species and FA distributions of TAG, isolated from the total lipids in the broad beans, were analyzed by a combination of argentation‐TLC and GC. Fourteen different molecular species were detected. With a few exceptions, the main TAG components were S2D (6.1–8.9%), SD2 (7.8–10.5%), SMT (6.3–8.5%), M2D (4.5–6.2%), MD2 (18.9–21.8%), D3 (21.0–23.9%) and MDT (8.1–10.2%) (where S, M, D, and T denote a saturated fatty acid, a monoene, a diene, and a triene, respectively). These results suggest that the lipid classes, FA distributions and TAG molecular species of broad beans are not dependent on the cultivation areas during the growing season.
The use of the Taylor spatial frame in adolescent Blount's disease: Is fibular osteotomy necessary?
Authors: Eidelman Mark , Bialik Viktor , Katzman Alexander 
Published: April 2008

Background The standard treatment of adolescent Blount disease includes proximal tibial osteotomy and osteotomy of the fibula. Some believe that the fibula should also be fixed to prevent migration and subluxation. The purpose of the current study was to examine the results of treatment of patients with adolescent tibia vara treated by tibial osteotomy and Taylor spatial frame (TSF) without fibular osteotomy. Methods Correction of deformities was performed on eight patients (ten tibias) with adolescent Blount disease using TSF. The fibula was not osteotomized in any patient and was not fixed in the last five patients. Results All patients had precise anatomical correction of deformities and no problems related to the fibula occurred during or after correction. Conclusion Based on our experience we believe that placement of the origin at the level of the proximal tibial fibular joint in conjunction with external fixation eliminates the need for fibular osteotomy and the potential morbidity of this procedure in patients with mild to moderate tibia vara.
The beneficial effect of the sap ofAcer monoin an animal with low-calcium diet-induced osteoporosis-like symptoms
Authors: Lee Geun-Shik , Byun Hyuk-Soo , Kim Man-Hee , Lee Bo-Mi , Ko Sang-Hwan , Jung Eui-Man , Gwak Ki-Seob , Choi In-Gyu , Kang Ha-Young , Jo Hyun-Jin , Lee Hak-Ju , Jeung Eui-Bae 
Published: April 2008

The sap ofAcer monohas been called ‘bone-benefit-water’ in Korea because of its mineral and sugar content. In particular, the calcium concentration of the sap ofA. monois 37·5 times higher than commercial spring water. In the current study, we examined whetherA. monosap could improve or prevent osteoporosis-like symptoms in a mouse model. Male mice (3 weeks old) were fed a low-calcium diet supplemented with 25, 50 or 100 %A. monosap, commercial spring water or a high calcium-containing solution as a beverage for 7 weeks. There were no differences in weekly weight gain and food intake among all the groups. Mice that were given a low-calcium diet supplemented with commercial spring water developed osteoporosis-like symptoms. To assess the effect of sap on osteoporosis-like symptoms, we examined serum calcium concentration, and femur density and length, and carried out a histological examination. Serum calcium levels were significantly lower in mice that received a low-calcium diet supplemented with commercial spring water (the negative control group), and in the 25 % sap group compared to mice fed a normal diet, but were normal in the 50 and 100 % sap and high-calcium solution groups. Femur density and length were significantly reduced in the negative control and 25 % sap groups. These results indicate that a 50 % sap solution can mitigate osteoporosis-like symptoms induced by a low-calcium diet. We also examined the regulation of expression of calcium-processing genes in the duodenum and kidney. DuodenalTRPV6and renalcalbindin-D9kwere up-regulated dose-dependently by sap, and the levels of these factors were higher than those attained in the spring water-treated control. The results demonstrate that the sap ofA. monoameliorates the low bone density induced by a low-calcium diet, most likely by increasing calcium ion absorption.
Effect of a prebiotic mixture on intestinal comfort and general wellbeing in health
Authors: Goetze Oliver , Fruehauf Heiko , Pohl Daniel , Giarrè Marianna , Rochat Florence , Ornstein Kurt , Menne Dieter , Fried Michael , Thumshirn Miriam 
Published: April 2008

Specific carbohydrates, i.e. prebiotics such as fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), are not digested in the small intestine but fermented in the colon. Besides beneficial health effects of an enhanced bifidobacteria population, intestinal gas production resulting from fermentation can induce abdominal symptoms. Partial replacement with slowly fermented acacia gum may attenuate side effects. The aim was to compare the effects of FOS with those of a prebiotic mixture (50 % FOS and 50 % acacia gum; BLEND) and a rapidly absorbed carbohydrate (maltodextrin) on general intestinal wellbeing, abdominal comfort and anorectal sensory function. Twenty volunteers (eight male and twelve female; age 20–37 years) completed this double-blind, randomised study with two cycles of a 2-week run-in phase (10 g maltodextrin) followed by 5 weeks of 10 g FOS or BLEND once daily, separated by a 4-week wash-out interval. Abdominal symptoms and general wellbeing were documented by telephone interview or Internet twice weekly. Rectal sensations were assessed by a visual analogue scale during a rectal barostat test after FOS and BLEND treatment. Both FOS and BLEND induced more side effects than maltodextrin. Belching was more pronounced under FOS compared with BLEND (P = 0·09 for females; P = 0·01 for males), and for self-reported general wellbeing strong sex differences were reported (P = 0·002). Urgency scores during rectal barostat were higher with FOS than BLEND (P = 0·01). Faced with a growing range of supplemented food products, consumers may benefit from prebiotic mixtures which cause fewer abdominal side effects. Sex differences must be taken in consideration when food supplements are used.
Eating behaviours and obesity in the adult population of Spain
Authors: Marín-Guerrero A. C. , Gutiérrez-Fisac J. L. , Guallar-Castillón P. , Banegas J. R. , Rodríguez-Artalejo F. 
Published: April 2008

To examine the association between several eating behaviours and obesity, data were taken from a cross-sectional study conducted with 34 974 individuals aged 25–64 years, representative of the non-institutionalised Spanish population. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Study associations were summarised with OR obtained from logistic regression, with adjustment for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. The results showed that those skipping breakfast were more likely to be obese, both in men (OR 1·58; 95 % CI 1·29, 1·93) and women (OR 1·53; 95 % CI 1·15, 2·03). Moreover, obesity was more prevalent in those having only two meals per day than in those having three or four meals in men (OR 1·63; 95 % CI 1·37, 1·95) and women (OR 1·30; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·62). Also, snacking was associated with obesity in women (OR 1·51; 95 % CI 1·17, 1·95). However, no association was observed between obesity and having one or more of the main meals away from home, in either sex. In conclusion, skipping breakfast and eating frequency were associated with obesity. The lack of association between eating away from home and obesity is in contrast to most previous research conducted in Anglo-Saxon countries. Differences in the type of establishment frequented when eating out or in the characteristics of restaurant customers in a Mediterranean population might explain these conflicting results.
The effect of an incremental increase in exercise on appetite, eating behaviour and energy balance in lean men and women feedingad libitum
Authors: Whybrow Stephen , Hughes Darren A. , Ritz Patrick , Johnstone Alexandra M. , Horgan Graham W. , King Neil , Blundell John E. , Stubbs R. James 
Published: April 2008

The effects of incremental exercise on appetite, energy intake (EI), expenditure (EE) and balance (EB) in lean men and women were examined. Six men (age 29·7 (sd5·9) years, weight 75·2 (sd15·3) kg, height 1·75 (sd0·11) m) and six women (age 24·7 (sd5·9) years, weight 66·7 (sd9·10) kg, height 1·70 (sd0·09) m) were each studied three times during a 16 d protocol, corresponding to no additional exercise (Nex), moderate-intensity exercise (Mex; 1·5–2·0 MJ/d) and high-intensity exercise (Hex; 3·0–4·0 MJ/d) regimens. Subjects were fed to EB during days 1–2, and during days 3–16 they fedad libitumfrom a medium-fat diet of constant composition. Daily EE, assessed using the doubly labelled water method, was 9·2, 11·6 and 13·7 MJ/d (P < 0·001;sed0·45) for the women and 12·2, 14·0 and 16·7 MJ/d (P = 0·007;sed1·11) for the men on the Nex, Mex and Hex treatments, respectively. EI was 8·3, 8·6 and 9·9 MJ/d (P = 0·118;sed0·72) for the women and 10·6, 11·6 and 12·0 MJ/d (P = 0·031;sed0·47) for the men, respectively. On average, subjects compensated for about 30 % of the exercise-induced energy deficit. However, the degree of compensation varied considerably among individuals. The present study captured the initial compensation in EI for exercise-induced energy deficits. Total compensation would take a matter of weeks.
Co-enzyme Q10, riboflavin and niacin supplementation on alteration of DNA repair enzyme and DNA methylation in breast cancer patients undergoing tamoxifen therapy
Authors: Premkumar Vummidi Giridhar , Yuvaraj Srinivasan , Shanthi Palanivel , Sachdanandam Panchanatham 
Published: April 2008

In the present study, eighty-four breast cancer patients were randomized to receive a daily supplement of 100 mg co-enzyme Q10, 10 mg riboflavin and 50 mg niacin (CoRN), one dosage per d along with 10 mg tamoxifen twice per d. A significant increase in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase levels and disappearance ofRASSF1ADNA methylation patterns were found in patients treated with supplement therapy along with tamoxifen compared to untreated breast cancer patients and tamoxifen alone-treated patients. An increase in DNA repair enzymes and disappearance of DNA methylation patterns attributes to reduction in tumour burden and may suggest good prognosis and efficacy of the treatment.