bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social networks and infant feeding in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Wutich Amber , McCarty Christopher 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe health benefits of delaying the introduction of complementary foods to infants' diets are widely known. Many studies have shown that mothers with the support of close social network members are more compliant with medical recommendations for infant feeding. In our study, we examine the effects of a broader spectrum of network members (40 people) on mothers' infant feeding decisions. The survey was conducted in Oaxaca, Mexico as part of a follow‐up to a nationwide Mexican Social Security Institute survey of infant health. Sixty mothers were interviewed from a stratified random sample of the original respondents. Multivariate tests were used to compare the efficacy of network‐level variables for predicting the introduction of 36 foods into infants' diets, when compared with respondent‐level variables. The study yields four findings. First, network‐level variables were better predictors of the timing of food introduction than socio‐demographic variables. Second, mothers with more indigenous networks delayed the introduction of some grains (oatmeal, cereal, noodle soup, rice) and processed pork products (sausage and ham) to the infant's diet longer than mothers with less indigenous networks. Third, mothers who had stronger ties to their networks delayed the introduction of rice and processed pork products (sausage and ham) to the infant's diet longer than mothers who had weaker ties to their networks. Fourth, mothers who heeded the advice of distant network members introduced some grains (rice and cereal) earlier than mothers who did not heed the advice of distant network members.
Implications of the biology of weight regulation and obesity on the treatment of obesity
Authors: Bellar Ann , Jarosz Patricia A. , Bellar David 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurpose: The purposes of this article are to provide a brief review of the complex biology of weight regulation and obesity, to explain some of the effects of diet and exercise on the biology of weight regulation and obesity, and to propose a coherent way to assess and treat people related to weight and obesity.Data sources: Scientific publications, clinical guidelines, and government sources.Conclusions: Obesity is a complex problem requiring an understanding of how interventions interact with the biology of weight regulation in people who are obese. Promoting health in obese people requires a focus on improving insulin sensitivity.Implications for practice: Helping individuals maintain normal weight throughout life is important in order to keep the long‐ and short‐term weight signals in balance and reflective of true energy requirements. Exercise is associated with loss of total and abdominal adipose tissue and improved insulin sensitivity. Diets inducing gradual weight loss are less likely to stimulate appetite. Diets should include antioxidants to neutralize the increase in free radical production associated with obesity and exercise. Other interventions in the treatment of obesity may include treating sleep deficits and the dysregulated endocannabinoid system.
The illness beliefs, perceptions, and practices of Filipino Americans with hypertension
Authors: Dela Cruz Felicitas A. , Galang Carmen B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the illness beliefs, perceptions, and practices of Filipino Americans (FAs) with hypertension (HTN) to reveal their explanatory models (EMs) of the illness.Data sources: Audiotapes and transcripts of focus group interviews and observational notes were subjected to content analysis. Medical records and related empirical studies provided supporting data.Conclusions: In general, the EMs of FAs with HTN correspond to the biomedical model in relation to causes, consequences, and treatment of HTN. However, in spite of this biomedical knowledge, FAs with HTN have difficulty maintaining the required lifestyle changes and adhering to the medication regimen to control their illness.Implications for practice: It is important for NPs to assess the EMs of FAs with HTN, including their use of traditional folk remedies and practitioners of folk medicine. The challenge is to provide cardiovascular health promotion and education in a culturally sensitive, congruent, and tailored manner to FAs with HTN to help them control their illness.
Children’s Perceptions of Parental Attitude Affecting Breakfast Skipping in Primary Sixth‐Grade Students
Authors: Cheng Tereza SY , Tse Lap Ah , Yu Ignatius Tak‐Sun , Griffiths Sian 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:  Breakfast skipping is an international public health concern. This study investigated the prevalence of breakfast skipping among primary sixth‐grade students in Hong Kong and the impact of students’ perceptions of parental attitudes on breakfast skipping.Methods:  A total of 426 students aged 10‐14 years in 4 local schools participated in this cross‐sectional study and completed a questionnaire adapted from an earlier study in Queensland. Breakfast skipping was defined as having missed any food or beverage (except water) between waking and the commencement of morning school classes at least 1 school day during the past week. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the potential risk factors of breakfast skipping.Results:  Of the 426 students, 130 (30.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.1‐34.9) reported skipping breakfast for at least 1 day in a school week. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that breakfast skipping was associated with lack of perceived parental emphasis on breakfast (odds ratio [OR] = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.75‐7.68) and not believing that breakfast consumption could help concentration in class (OR = 3.82, 95% CI: 1.86‐7.87).Conclusions:  This study suggested that breakfast consumption habits could stem from the students’ beliefs and perceptions. Thus, working with students, parents, and schools to build up positive knowledge and beliefs about breakfast consumption might be useful.
A Pilot Study to Examine the Effects of a Nutrition Intervention on Nutrition Knowledge, Behaviors, and Efficacy Expectations in Middle School Children
Authors: Fahlman Mariane M. , Dake Joseph A. , McCaughtry Nate , Martin Jeffrey 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:  This was a pilot study to determine the impact of the Michigan Model (MM) Nutrition Curriculum on nutrition knowledge, efficacy expectations, and eating behaviors in middle school students.Methods:  The study was conducted in a large metropolitan setting and approved by the Institutional Review Board. The participants for this study were divided into an intervention group (n = 407) and a control group (n = 169). An MM instructor trained health teachers in the use of the curriculum, and the teacher subsequently taught the curriculum to students in the intervention group. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to determine pre‐post differences. It consisted of 3 subscales assessing eating habits, nutrition knowledge, and efficacy expectations toward healthy eating. Subscale scores were analyzed using a 2 groups (intervention vs control) × 2 times (pre vs post) analysis of variance.Results:  The intervention group increased their nutrition knowledge at post. There was also a significant main effect for groups in the subscales “Eating Behaviors” and “Efficacy Expectations Regarding Healthy Eating.” Subsequent post hoc analysis revealed that the intervention group was significantly more likely to eat fruits and vegetables and less likely to eat junk food than the control group. Students in the intervention group also felt more confident that they could eat healthy.Conclusions:  The results of this pilot study suggest that the MM Nutrition Curriculum delivered by trained professionals resulted in significant positive changes in both nutrition knowledge and behaviors in middle school children. Further research needs to be conducted to determine the long‐term impact.
1. Isolation and Characterisation of Equine Rhinopneumontis Virus and Other Equine Herpesviruses from Horses
Authors: Studdert M. J. , Turner A. J. , Peterson J. E. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryEquine herpesviruses (EH viruses) were isolated from 9 horses in three separate outbreaks of respiratory disease. The pattern of disease in the three stables is described and evidence is presented that some of the horses were ill, possibly as a result of recurrent infection, and that reactivation of a persistent, latent infection may have occurred. An ulcerative condition of the pharyngeal region was seen in some of the horses with EH virus infection.The cytopathogenicity for equine foetal kidney cells of the 9 EH viruses varied considerably. One isolate, EH 39 virus, which was recovered from an acute, upper respiratory tract infection, was rapidly cytopathic for equine foetal kidney cell cultures and was shown in neutralisation tests to be identical with, or closely related to equine rhinopneumonitis virus (EH virus type 1) that is associated with acute respiratory disease and abortion in other countries. More slowly cytopathic isolates were recovered from mild to subclinical upper respiratory tract infections. Evidence is presented that the property of slow cytopathogenicity is probably related to the tendency of these viruses to remain cell associated. Slowly cytopathic isolates were recovered from the nasal cavity of horse 89 on two occasions 79 days apart. One of the eight slowly cytopathic isolates, EH 86 virus, was shown to be antigenically distinct from equine rhinopneumonitis virus (EH 39 virus).
THE ISOLATION OF PICORNAVIRUSES FROM CATS WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Authors: Spradbrow P. B. , Bagust T. J. , Burges G. , Portas B. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOne hundred and sixty samples including nasal swabs, conjunctival swabs, lung tissue, swabs of tonsil and an oral swab were taken from 59 cats suffering from respiratory disease. Thirty‐nine of the specimens (from 23 cats) contained agents that produced a rapid cytopathic effect in cultures of feline kidney cells. Two of the isolates were studied in detail, and they were found to be resistant to lipid solvents, stable at pH 5 but not at pH 3, able to pass through a 50 mμ filter and not stabilized to inactivation at 50°C in the presence of molar concentrations of MgCl2. Electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations revealed particles about 45 mμ in diameter that lacked an outer envelope. These properties indicate that the agents are feline picornaviruses.Antibodies to one of the isolates were present in 14 of 56 cat serums. Four kittens inoculated with picornaviruses developed upper respiratory tract disease, but 3 died with signs of enteritis possibly caused by concurrent infection with pan‐leucopenia virus. Picornaviruses were isolated from nasal swabs from 3 of these kittens, and from lung and spleen of the other.
THE ISOLATION OF MYCOPLASMAS FROM CATS WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Authors: Spradbrow P. B. , Marley Judy , B. Portas  , G. Burgesss  
Published: March 2008

SummaryMycoplasma were isolated from 11 of 160 samples from cats with respiratory disease. Most isolations were made from nasal swabs. Two of the isolates were tested for metabolic activity, and one fermented glucose while the other metabolized arginine. Metabolism‐inhibiting antibodies active against the arginine metabolizing mycoplasmas were present in 6 of 20 cats serums at titres of from 1/2 to 1/8. Antibodies against the glucose fermenting mycoplasma were not present in any of the 20 serums.
Inhibition of bovine α‐glucosidase by Castanospermum australe and its effect on the biochemical identification of heterozygotes for generalised glycogenosis type II (Pompe's disease) in cattle
Authors: REICHMANN K G , TWIST J O , McKENZIE R A , ROWAN K J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY: All 18 2‐year‐old Brahman bulls grazing in a paddock containing Castanospermum australe trees were diagnosed as heterozygotes for Pompe's disease by measurement of mononuclear cell a‐glucosidase activity. However, removal of the bulls to a paddock free of C. australe and retesting 2 months later indicated that 15 were homozygous normal.An in vitro assay demonstrated that a crude aqueous extract of seeds from these C. australe trees contained a potent inhibitor of mononuclear cell a‐glucosidase.Two Hereford steers were dosed with 0.6 g C. australe seed/kg bodyweight for 6 days. The α–glucosidase activity in blood mononuclear cells declined to 5% of normal within 48 h of commencement of dosing.It was therefore assumed that the bulls had consumed C. australe seeds. A means of differentiating true heterozygotes from animals consuming the toxic seed, using the ratio of plasma α‐glucosidase activity at pH 5.6 to that at pH 3.7, is proposed. Aust Vet J 64: 274–276
Design of a postdoctoral training program in the treatment of children with congenital orofacial clefts
Authors: RANALLI DENNIS N. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe increasing treatment responsibilities of the practicing pedodontist have placed new demands on postdoctoral training programs. To meet one of these challenges, the department of pedodontics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, with the cooperation of Cleft Palate Center, has incorporated a program in the treatment of children with congenital orofacial clefts into its postdoctoral pedodontic training. This paper describes the structure of the program and discusses the integration of the didactic and clinical phases.
Treatment of a traumatic ulcer on a handicapped individual: a case report
Authors: DAWSON LOWELL R. , HOFFMAN JEFFREY A. 
Published: March 2008

Ulcerations of oral mucosa caused by trauma or irritation are not uncommon. Irritation of tissues by fractured teeth or rough restorations often results in ulcerations. Additionally, oral habits have been reported to produce untoward tissue response.1 Fortunately, most traumatic oral ulcerations respond rapidly and favorably to removal of the source of irritation. In the case of handicapped individuals, removal of the causative factor may be difficult because of the inability to communicate and cooperate. This is particularly true when the oral lesion is caused by habitual behavior. Some habits may have serious sequela. Phelan and others2 reported on a deaf‐mute child who had the habit of thumbsucking. Blood loss from an ulceration precipitated by this habit resulted in hospitali‐zation and fluid replacement.The case reported in this paper identifies an unusual problem found in a 9‐year‐old child with excessive lip sucking that perpetuated a large lip ulceration.
Management of oral self‐mutilation in neurologically impaired children
Authors: FENTON SANFORD J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe function and fabrication of a removable acrylic dental appliance useful in the hospital management of neurologically impaired patients who are unconsciously traumatizing their oral soft tissues has been described. This acrylic appliance is readily fabricated on a plas ter cast obtained from an alginate impression of the maxillary arch.The basic appliance design is a modification of the standard maxillary orthodontic retainer. The modification involves the placement of additional acrylic resin to cover the occlusal and facial surfaces of all the maxillary teeth. This configuration prevents the buccal mucosa and lips from becoming trapped between the maxillary and mandibular teeth. Extra acrylic resin is placed bilaterally over the occlusal surface of the last tooth in the arch. The additional acrylic resin opens the bite, thereby preventing self‐inflicted trauma to the tongue. Primary retention of the dental appliance is accomplished via a labial bow and strategically placed ball clasps. The appliance is maintained in the patient's mouth until the episodes of oral muscular activity are controlled.
Managing a dental program within a rapidly changing industry
Authors: OSTENBERG PAUL VAN , DELANEY DONALD F. , SALLEY JOHN J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryDr. Van Ostenberg is associate director of the hospital‐sponsored ambulatory dental services program sponsored by The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and administered by Virginia Commonwealth University. Mr. DeLaney is research assistant to the program. Dr. Salley is program director; vice president for research; and dean of Graduate Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University. Requests for reprints should be sent to Dr. Van Ostenberg, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 148, MCV Station, 1000 E Marshall St, Richmond, Va 23298.The aim of this paper has been to present some of the more standard hospital accounting terms and concepts, to illustrate how they can be used in profiling a dental department, and to discuss seven exercises that reveal the depth of understanding department heads pf the future will have to command.Times have changed and will continue to change: there is no way to alter that fact. The management perspective of a dental department can not be through a historical “haz”xswhich clouds the realities of tomorrow. The changes necessary t o meet those realities must be clearly visualized. There are two choices of ways to manage the necessary change. One way is imitative, with a wait‐and‐see attitude and at the last moment, copying what is thought to work; the other way is to be innovative‐defining, recombining, managing, and projecting resources to meet the demands of a complex and turbulent environment. There really is not a choice between these ways if hospital dentistry is to remain vital through the 1980s.
An index for assessment of oral health in the edentulous population
Authors: BLOEM THOMAS J. , RAZZOOG MICHAEL E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSuccess or failure of prosthodontic treatment, in terms of comfort and function, is linked to tissue health. To date, no baseline indication of inflammatory status hzs been available to objectively evaluate preprosthetic tissue preparation. The Prosthodontic Tissue Index (PTI) was developed in a manner similar to periodontal indexes, to provide objective clinical evaluation of basal supporting tissueS. At the University of Michigan, 150 patients who were edentulous in one or both arches were examined and asked a series of questions relating to their prosthetic history. The inflammatory status of basal seat tissues was scored according t o defined observable inflammatory changes.Inflammation status was charted on a grid delineated by major areas of denture support for each arch. In 97% of patients examined, inflammatory changes requiring some degree of preprosthetic management were found. Tissue abnormalities other than inflammation that required specific management were noted in 62% of the patientS. Although nearly all patients registered problems relative t o their prostheses, most were not aware of the extent of their tis‐sue changes.Dental care should be concerned with the preservation of health and function in the middle and older ageS. Principal epidemiological characteristics of the edentulous population showed that: most patients with complete dentures have pathologic tissue changes that require treatment; and tissue changes have little relation t o a patient's perception of denture success or personal oral health status.
A survey of hospital ambulatory dental programs in Massachusetts
Authors: Siegal Mark D. , Allukian Myron 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA statewide mail survey of hospital ambulatory dental programs in Massachusetts was conducted for FY 80.Of the state's 123 short‐stay hospitals, 105 reported ambulatory dental visits but only 21 had dental clinics. The 141,410 ambulatory dental visits at these hospitals with dental clinics represented 79% of all dental patient visits in hospitals and approximately l.2% of visits in all settings statewide. Most of these hospitals were in the Greater Boston area and all but three hospital dental clinics provided general dental care. Unfortunately, responses were usually based on estimates rather than actual data.
Management of dentin dysplasia and facial disharmony
Authors: Chamberlain Barbara B. , Hayward J. R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPatients with unusual congenital dental anomalies are often referred to the hospital dentistry team for evaluation and treatment recommendations. Communication between oral surgeon, orthodontist, pedodontist, periodontist, and prosthodontist after a combined single examination may simplify the treatment alternatives and save the patient the frustration and confusion of seeking treatment from a number of specialists. When necessary, com‐ bined treatment can be efficiently coordinated at the original consultation appointment. The recommendations of each specialist are then recorded together in the hospital record. This' simplifies follow‐up treatment and allows for easy transfer of information should the patient move to another location. In complex treat‐ ment cases, the pooling of dental specialist re‐ sources may permit conservatism and answer the patient's needs with lifetime perspectives.
A survey of hospital ambulatory dental programs in Massachusetts Part 1: an overview
Authors: Siegal Mark D. , Allukian Myron 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA mail survey of ambulatory dental programs at all 123 short‐stay hospitals in Massachusetts was conducted for the 1980 fiscal year. The major findings were as follows.Of the 122 responding hospitals, 105 (86%) reported having ambulatory dental visits, 2 1 (20%) of which had dental clinics. The remaining 84 (80%) hospitals provided dental care in surgical day care units, emergency rooms, or both, as did most hospitals with dental clinics. The 177,93 1 reported hospital ambulatory dental visits accounted for approximately 1.6% ambulatory dental visits in all settings, statewide. Approximately 69% of hospital ambulatory dental visits statewide took place in the 21 dental clinics, 21% in surgical day care units, and 10% in emergency rooms. Approxi‐ mately 66% of dental clinic visits were for gen‐ era1 dental care and represented less than 1% of ambulatory dental visits in all settings, statewide.Most hospitals with dental clinics were con‐ centrated in major urban centers. Hospitals in the Greater Boston area accounted for 75% of all ambulatory dental visits and 87% of dental clinic visits, statewide.To properly assess the hospital's role as a dental care resource to a community, general dental care services in community hospital dental clinics should be distinguished from other types of hospital dental care. Our study accomplished this by categorizing ambulatory dental visits according to the types of services provided, the types of hospitals at which they were provided, and the hospital settings in which they were provided.The data suggest that the significance of hospital ambulatory dental programs is not in the amount of dental care that they provide statewide but the types of services offered and their importance to dentally underserved inner city communities.
Oral health care for the aged veteran
Authors: Lloyd Patrick M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOral health care of the aged veteran is concerned with recognizing its influence on the patient's total health status. This is effectively accomplished by the use of the team approach to address the patient's unique and diversified needs. Developing an appreciation for the services offered by each member of the health care team ensures a comprehensive assessment, a well‐tolerated plan of treatment, and a favorable prognosis.