bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heats of Sublimation of Condensed Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Inokuchi Hiroo , Shiba Sukekuni , Handa Takashi , Akamatu Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The heats of sublimation of a series of condensed polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, 1rom anthracene (C14) to violanthrene (C34), were measured. It has been found that there is an additivity in the inner heats of sublimation among these compounds, i. e., as the number of carbon atoms in each molecule increases by one, the inner heat of sublimation increases by 1.51 kcal./mole.
Closure, Resonance, Bond and Activation Entropy
Authors: Otozai Kiyoteru , Kume Sanshiro , Fukushima Shouzow 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) From the standpoint of chemical bond a new empirical rule for the calculation of entropy of polyatomic gas molecule has been proposed. It agrees with the observed value within the error of ±2 e. u., and includes monoatomic and diatomic molecule as a special case, and finally gives the upper limit of the observed value.
(2) The abnormal depression of entropy from the standard of the present rule was interpreted as ring closure entropy and resonance entropy, and respective values were given for some typical substances. Closure entropy 20.9 e. u. of cyclohexane and resonance entropy 4.2 e. u. of benzene agreed well with the conclusion of Bremner-Thomas according to the atomic group method.
(3) It has been shown that resonance entropy is so small that its contribution to the resonance free energy is neglisible compared with resonance energy. In special case, however, the contribution of the resonance entropy is about 10% of the resonance free energy, as in the case of carbon dioxide.
(4) It has been shown that it is impossible to construct the true bond entropy, which is. additive and independent. But it is possible to build up the formal bond entropy, which is additive and not independent.
(5) In order to show that the present rule includes naturally the atomic group method, some typical rules of the atomic group displacement method have been derived.
(6) Under some assumptions the frequency factors of some simple chemical reactions have been computed by means of the present rule. The calculated values agreed with the observed, within 3∼l/6 times.
Sterols and other Unsaponifiable Substances in the Fats of Shell Fishes, Crustacea and Echinodermata. X. Corbisterol
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Kita Minoru , Tanaka Tatsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
From the results of a further study of corbisterol by bromination, reduction and ozonolysis of corbisteryl acetate and absorption spectrum of corbisterol, the structure of corbisterol is believed to be 5, 7, 22-triunsaturated C29-sterol.
Electrolytic Reduction of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids. I. Reduction of Benzoic Acid under Pressure
Authors: Ono Shin-ichi , Yamauchi Tsuneo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The authors studied the electrolytic reduction of benzoic acid and compared the yield of the reduction product obtained under various pressures of hydrogen and carbon dioxide with that obtained in an open vessel. The effect of pressure in the course of electrolytic reduction was discussed and it was found that the reduction product differed according to the pressure.
The Bitter Substance, Produced in Black-rotten Sweet Potato. III. On the Constitution of Ipomoeamarone. Part 2
Authors: Ohno Takashi , Toyao Misao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By oxidation of ipomoeamarone and its semicarbazone with potassium permanganate, ceratonic acid (ipomeanic acid) (II), C12H20O4, and ipomic lactone (III), C11H18O3, were obtained. The ketonic group of ipomoeamarone was proved to be an isoamyl ketone by the oxidation of the reaction product of Grignard’s reagent. These experiments led us to conclude that ipomoeamarone is represented by the provisional constitution (I).
Surface Films of Azo-proteins
Authors: Tachibana Taro , Fukuda Kiyoshige , Inokuchi Kiyoshi , Yamaoka Seisaburo , Suzuki Kan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Force-area curves were determined of monolayers of native ovalbumin and azo-ovalbumin with various number of diazonium groups. As a results it was found that the coupled diazonium groups do not contribute to the area of compressed protein film molecule, but tends to increase the thickness.
(2) The mode of deposition, when the monolayers of azo-ovalbumins are deposited on metal slides covered with multilayers of barium stearate, was examined. Various types of deposited azo-ovalbumin films thus obtained were tested as to their antigenic activity. The results were discussed in relation to the structure of protein films.
Spinnability of Liquid. A Visco-elastic State. II. Spinnability and Visco-elastic Property
Authors: Nakagawa Tsurutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
According to the experiments and considerations presented above, a mechanical model as Fig. 4 is introduced for the thread-forming state of liquid. The thread-forming state is the “series” coupling of elasticity corresponding to G=10°∼102 dyn./cm.2 (some millionth of G for rubber) and viscosity which corresponds to η=10°101 poises (some thousands times η for water). This is spinnability.
The Iodine Reaction of Rare Earth Elements. II. Colorimetric Determination of Acetate Ions by the Iodine Reaction of Rare Earth Elements
Authors: Kimura Kenjiro , Ikeda Nagao , Nomura Masayasu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The application of the color reaction between basic lanthanum acetate and iodine to the quantitative analysis has long been the problem left to be solved. Recently, hawever, Hutchens and Kass succeeded in application of this color reaction to the micro-determination of acetate ions with good results.
The present authors examined this method and confirmed that satisfactory results were obtained in its application. In addition, the authors found that the corresponding reactions for praseodymium and neodymium were applicable, too, to the same purpose, although in these cases the sensitivity was not so good as that in the case of lanthanum.
Electrolytic Behavior of Elements of the Group VIa in the Periodic System. I. Potentiometric Studies on the Chromate, Molybdate and Tungstate Ions
Authors: Pan Kuan , Hseu Tong Ming 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) A vacuum tube potentiometer constructed in our laboratory has been used for the pH measurements with a glass electrode.
(2) A mathematical expression for the hydrolytic process has been given as a linear relation between the pH values and concentrations of the solutions.
(3) Hydrolyses of chromates, molybdates and tungstates in dilute solutions have been observed.
(4) The existence of dimolybdate and ditungstate ions, Mo2O7−− and W2O7−−, as well as that of bichromate ion, HCrO4−, in dilute solutions were confirmed by measuring the pH values at varying dilutions.
(5) An empirical formula for expressing the relationships between the pH values and concentrations of the solutions was proposed for chromate, molybdate and tungstate solutions.
(6) The similarities of the electrolytic behaviors between tungstate and molybdate as well as the dissimilarities of those between chromate and molybdate or between chromate and tungstate have been ascertained by means of potentiometric studies.
(7) It has been observed by these studies that the strength of the acids increases with the atomic weights of these acidic metals.
(8) The existence of para- and meta-polyanions of tungstate as well as those of molybdate were confirmed by potentiometric titration of molybdate or tungstate with hydrochloric acid.
(9) A steady inflection at the mol-ratio, 6:4, is revealed both in molybdate and tungstate solutions, but it is not sufficiently pronounced. Another break at the mol-ratio, 6:8, was found in the titration curve of tungstate solution.
(10) No break but that at the mol-ratio, 1:1, which is attributable to the formation of bichromate ion could be found in the titration curve of chromate. It gives further confirmation of the dissimilarity between chromate and molybdate as well as tungstate.
Electrolytic Behavior of Elements of the Group VIa in the Periodic System. II. Conductometric Studies on the Chromate, Molybdate and Tungstate Ions
Authors: Pan Kuan , Lin Sui Fong , Sheng Shong Tsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Conductance measurements of sodium chromate, molybdate and tungstate solutions were carried out by using a Du Mont 208 type cathode-ray oscillograph as a detector of the Kohlrausch bridge setting.
(2) Equivalent conductivities of chromate, molybdate and tungstate at varying dilutions were measured at 25°C., but the limiting value of the equivalent conductivity of each salt at infinite dilution could not be estimated by the usual way, owing to the hydrolysis of these salts.
(3) The similarity between molybdate and tungstate as well as the dissimilarity between chromate and each of the two others were confirmed also in the present investigation.
(4) The difference Λ1024–Λ32 was found to be approximately equal to 2×10 for these sodium salts. It seems to indicate that either molybdic or tungstic or even chromic acid may be a kind of weak dibasic acid if Ost-wald’s rule is applicable.
(5) Besides two breaks at the XO4−− to H+ mol-ratios, 6:7 and 6:9 were found in the conductometric titration curves of molybdate and tungstate, a new sharp break at the molratio 12:11 was observed prominently in the titration curves of molybdate but fairly in those of tungstate.
(6) A break at the mol-ratio, 6:8, which was reported in the previous paper, was found also in the titration curves of tungstate.
Absorption Spectra of Coordination Compounds. V. The Hyperchromic Series of Ligands
Authors: Yamada Shoichiro , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The relation between the kind of ligands and extinction coefficients of the first absorption bands of cobaltic complexes has been discussed. The order of ligands as to the magnitude of the effect which they exert on extinction coefficients of the first bands has been determined empirically, thus
NCS^-CrO_4^=SO_3^=NO_2^-CO_3^=C_2O_4^=en
OH^-NO_3^-SO_4^=Br^-NH_3Cl^-H_2O.
For pentammine cobaltic complexes with the sixth ligands, each of which is coordinated with an oxygen atom, a linear relation has been found to hold between νmax’s and εmax’s of the first bands. For complexes of the type [CoA4X2], the trans-isomer has larger εmax if X has more hyperchromic and trans-pairing effects than A. This investigation was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education.
Mechanical Properties of Concentrated Hydrogels of Agar-agar. II. Creep under Constant Load in Compression
Authors: Fujita Hiroshi , Ninomiya Kazuhiko , Homma Terutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In this report, we have presented the results of an experimental investigation carried out of the creep under constant compressive load for concentrated hydrogels of agar-agar.
The apparatus which was designed in a previous paper I of this series for the measurement of the compression stress-strain curve was modified to suit the measurement of the creep under constant compressive load. The shape of the creep curves obtained was found to be well fitted by Eq. (1). The influences of temperature, concentration and applied stress on the creep rate in the viscous flow region were investigated separately. One of the interesting facts found was a clear evidence showing that even at zero stress condition there occurred a definite creep process which was closely followed by a straight line within the interval of time of observation employed. It seemed likely that this phenomenon should be associated primarily with the molecular structural feature of the agar-agar gel network which leads the gel to syneresis.
It was found for all the data obtained that the relation between λ and S followed Eq.(2) within the limits of experimental error, where λ is the creep rate in the viscous flow region and S is the magnitude of stress applied. This equation involves two parameters λ0 and η, where λ0 stands for the value of λ in the absence of external stress, and η is the Newtonian viscosity corresponding to the region in which a linear viscous flow appears. The influences of various environmental parameters on these two quantities were investigated, obtaining the results as shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5.
Purification and Characterization of Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Authors: Watanabe Itaru , Kawade Yoshimi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was purified by differential centrifugation in a vacuum-type, airdriven ultracentrifuge, first constructed in Japan.
The yield of purified TMV was high and about 2 mg. per cc. of the original plant juice.
Chemical analyses and physico-chemical examinations (including electrophoresis, sedimentation, diffusion, viscosity and electron microscope measurements) were carried out on the purified preparations to test their purities and homogeneities. It was found that the purity of ultracentrifugally isolated TMV was very high in a chemical sense. Although the homogeneity withrespect to the length of particles was not always so good, one preparation, TMV-9, was found to have a high degree of homogeneity by the sedimentation and electrophoresis patterns. The size and shape of TMV particles were determined on this preparation by several methods.
On the Ring-Opening Reactions of the Furan Compounds. II. The Synthesis of γ, ζ, ι-Triketobrassylic Acid from Difurfurylideneacetone
Authors: Midorikawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The γ,ζ,ι-triketobrassylic acid which is a new triketo-dicarboxylic acid was obtained from difurfurylidene acetone by the ring opening.
The similar ring opening did not take place in difurfurylidene cyclohexanone, difurfurylidene-methyl-ethyl ketone and furfurylidenediethyl ketone which have a branched chain at the carbon atom between the furfurylidene and the carbonyl groups. It seems that the ring opening reaction is hindered by the-presence of the branched chain.
Surface Chemistry of High Polymers. I. Non-electrolytic Flexible Linear Polymers at Air/Water Interface
Authors: Isemura Toshizo , Hotta Hiroshi , Miwa Teruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface films of some linear non-electrolytic polymers such as polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl stearate and copolymers between them were studied at the air/water interface by measuring surface pressure, and surface potential in relation to the area occupied per monomer.
The surface concentration was changed by two different methods, namely by the compression with barrier and by the successive addition by injection with micrometer syringe.
Polyvinyl acetate gave the film of expanded type and was hardly affected by its degree of polymerization. Polyvinyl stearate gave the film of coherent type and its F—A curve resembled that of polyoctadecyl methacrylate. The copolymer with moderate content of vinyl stearate showed the smaller limiting area per monomer than polymers of its constituents.
The results were discussed in relation to the molecular model and to the methods adopted to change the surface concentration.
Constant Current Coulometric Method in Argentometric Titration of Thiourea
Authors: Nakanishi Masaki , Kobayashi Hanako 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The coulometric method with a constant current was used for the microanalysis of thiourea.
An ammoniacal solution of silver bromide was added to thiourea solution and the liberated bromide equivalent to thiourea was titrated with electrolytically generated silver ion in an acid solution. A milligram amount of thiourea was satisfactorily determined with the standard deviation of about 0.01 mg. and the method is also applicable to submilligram amounts of thiourea.
Simultaneous analysis of thiourea and ammonium thiocyanate in a mixture was made using 90% acetone solution.
Electron Microscopic Observation of Carbon Brushes. I.
Authors: Noda Tokiti , Tomita Hiroshi , Miyata Kenichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Pitch coke type brushes were found to consist of graphite crystallites having irregular forms and flat surfaces. Sizes of the graphite crystallites were very variable. Well graphitized crystals have relatively flat and smooth surfaces. Less graphitized crystals have rough surfaces. Well-developed flat crystals were split into thin flakes and attached on replica films. Parts of small and badly developed crystallites were seen side by side with the well-developed ones.
Carbon black type brushes were found to contain aggregated parts of minute carbon particles and parts of pitch coke origin. The size of the minute particles was approximately the same as that of the original carbon black particles. The minute particles were seen as minute projections or pits on replicas, while they were observed as being linked together to aggregates in directly observed specimens.
The Crystal Structure of Chlorodinitro-triammine-cobalt. III
Authors: Tanito Yoshimichi , Saito Yoshihiko , Kuroya Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of [Co (NH3)3 (NO2)2Cl] is tetragonal, with eight formula units in a cell of dimensions a=9.87 Å and c=16.51 Å.
The space group is C4n6-I4/a. The determination of atomic parameters was made by three dimensional Fourier syntheses. The configuration of the complex molecule is described.
Two nitro-groups are found to be in transpositions with respect to each other. The main forces acting between these molecules in the crystal seem to be O … H-N bonds between the oxygen atoms of the nitro-group and the ammonia of the other. Molecules are linked together by these hydrogen bonds, forming a compact three-dimensional network in the crystal.
The Structure of Surface Denatured Protein. V. The Surface Film of Diketo-piperazine
Authors: Imahori Kazutomo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The curves of the surface pressure against area, the surface potential against area, and surface viscosity against area were obtained with diketopiperazine. All the three curves show the limiting area to be about 1.83 m2/mg or 34.6Å2 per molecule.
2. Comparing this result with that obtained by Corey, diketopiperazine molecules are thought to lie flat on the surface.
3. The above value is far larger than the limiting areas of native serum albumin or synthetic protein analogues. And the poly-peptide chain will not show the diketopiperazine configuration on the surface.
Studies on the Polarographic Analysis. XVIL. Electrolytic Reduction of Cyclohexanedionedioxime and its Application to Amperometric Titrations
Authors: Ishibashi Masayoshi , Fujinaga Taitiro , Kawamura Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Cyclohexanedionedioxime (nioxime) was synthesized and its aqueous solution was used for the amperometric titration of nickel in ammoniacal medium, and the accurate results were obtained.
2. The polarographic behavior of nioxime was investigated and the reduction mechanism at the dropping mercury cathode was discussed.
On the Mechanism of the Reduction Process of the Hydrogen Ion at the Dropping Mercury Electrode. III. Experimental Part —The Half-wave Potential, Log-plot Analysis and the Reversibility of the Wave
Authors: Tamamushi Reita 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Various properties of the current-voltage curve of the reduction wave of the hydrogen ion were studied in the system of the dil. HCl in 0.1 n KCl solution.
It was found out that the log-plot of the reduction wave is not linear and that the half-wave potential shifts to be more negative with the increase of the limiting current.
The temperature coefficient of the half-wave potential was obtained to be about 3 millivolts per degree over the temperature range of 0 to 50°. This value of the temperature coefficient is much larger than the value which is expected when the reduction process of the hydrogen ion proceeds under the condition of the diffusion-controlled type.
The Kalousek’s methods were applied to the hydrogen wave in order to test the reversibility of the reduction process and it was shown that this process is one of the irreversible type.
These experimental results were satisfactorily explained by assuming the reduction process of the hydrogen ion as follows: First, the hydrogen ion is adsorbed on the surface of the D.M.E., and, next, the adsorbed hydrogen ion is neutralized to the hydrogen atom under the condition of the activation-controlled process. In this case it was assumed that the equilibrium state represented by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm exists between the hydrogen ion in the neighborhood of the electrode surface and the adsorbed hydrogen ion in the adsorbed layer.
The value of the free energy of activation of the overall discharge process of the hydrogen ion was calculated.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Camphor-aldehydes. I
Authors: Sahashi Yoshikazu , Ueno Jinkichi , Mori Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of β(10) apocamphor-1 -aldehyde and π(8 or 9) apocamphor-7-aldehyde were prepared and their absorption spectra were exactly determined.
2) From the standard E values, the amount of the above compounds in an unknown solution can be calculated from the estimation by a Beckman spectrophotometer.
Peculiarity of Dichroism of Aromatic Molecular Compounds. II. The Dichroisms of s-Trinitrobenzene—Anthracene and 4,4′-Dinitrodiphenyl–Diphenyl
Authors: Nakamoto Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Measurements of the dichroisms of molecular compounds, s-trinitrobenzene—anthracene and 4,4′-dinitrodiphenyl—diphenyl have been made quantitatively made in the visible and ultraviolet region. It can be concluded that the crystal of the former compound has the same dichroic property as the typical molecular compound already given in the previous report. The dichroism of the latter compound suggests that there exists no special attraction in the direction normal to the molecular plane of dinitrodiphenyl.
Analysis of High Molecular Substances by Chromatography. I. Paper Chromatography of Polyethylene Oxide
Authors: Kume Sanshiro , Yamamoto Tai , Otozai Kiyoteru , Fukushima Shouzow 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) It was found that polyethylene oxide on paper can readily be recognized with fluorescein as an adsorption indicator.
(2) It was found that paper chromatography can be applied also for polyethylene oxide in the range of the average molecular weight 1,000-5,000, as the first case for hydrophilic polymer, in the same manner as low molecular weight substances.
(3) It was found that paper chromatography gives a simple new relative method of determination of the average molecular weight of polyethylene oxide in the range mentioned above, where all the other conventional methods encounter serious difficulties.
Formation and Aging of Precipitates. II. Electron Microscopic Studies of the Aging of Barium Sulfate Precipitate
Authors: Suito Eiji , Takiyama Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The amorphous precipitate of barium sulfate changed to a crystalline state by aging.
2. The precipitated particles produced in uniform size remained almost unchanged for a few months, but they became perfect for a long period (i. e. a few years).
3. When the particles of two different sizes formed directly after mixing the reagents, the smaller particles went into solution and the larger particles grew at the expense of the small ones.
4. In the case of dilute reagents the rapid change of conductivity was observed in an early stage of the reaction. The nucleus probably formed during this stage.
5. The precipitation was promoted by the nucleus added before the reaction, but the presence of the nucleus did not affect the shape of the precipitated particles.