bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of cell fusion to analyse factors involved in tumour cell metastasis
Authors: Ramshaw I. A. , Carlsen S. , Wang H. C. , Badenoch‐Jones P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell fusion has been used to study some of the factors involved in the process of metastasis. Highly metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells were fused with various non‐metastatic cells and the hybrid clones isolated. These were then tested for their metastatic potential either by injecting the cells intravenously and measuring lung colony formation or by injecting the cells subcutaneously and measuring their ability to form lymphatic metastases. With most hybrid clones tested, the metastatic potential was either inhibited or greatly suppressed; thus this phenotype is a recessive characteristic. We also monitored the hybrid cells' ability to produce plasminogen activator (PA) a serine proteinase thought to be involved in the formation of metastatic lung foci. Whilst the highly metastatic parent cells produced large quantities of PA, none could be detected in the non‐metastatic lines. Although the hybrid clones produced little PA activity this could not be correlated with their decreased metastatic potential in that one clone, after extensive in vitro culture, reverted to a more metastatic line without a concomitant increase in PA activity. The suppressed PA activity may be due to the presence of an inhibitor that is spontaneously produced by the hybrid cells.
Studies on chemically induced rat tumors. II. Partial protection against syngeneic lethal tumors by cloned syngeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Authors: Binz Hans , Fenner Martin , Engel Robert , Wigzell Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the present article we describe studies on a chemically induced sarcoma in DA rats. This tumor expresses a unique antigen which can be demonstrated by both syngeneic antibodies and cytotoxic T cells. We have established cytotoxic T‐cell lines (CTLs) specific for the tumor and with high efficient killing capacity in vitro. When testing for the ability of such CTLs to inhibit tumor outgrowth in vivo, we found that they had to be inoculated together with the tumor and in the presence of T‐cell growth factor to provide any significant degree of protection. We thus believe not only that there is a requirement for addition of CTL‐stimulating lymphokines in vivo, but also that the CTLs fail to move from one site in vivo to attack relevant tumor cells at another site. No evidence was obtained that the CTLs gradually could acquire such migratory ability in vivo.
High‐grade tumor‐specific immunity induced by L1210 leukemia variants obtained from the culture of L1210 cells fused with Lesch‐Nyhan fibroblasts
Authors: Kawashima K. , Nagura E. , Watanabe E. , Mizoguchi K. , Saga S. , Isobe K. , Nakashima I. , Yamada K. , Oikawa T. , Kojima K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA highly immunogenic variant of the murine L1210 leukemia cell (L1210/LN‐1) for generation of tumor immunity has been obtained from culture of L1210 cells originally fused with human Lesch‐Nyhan fibroblasts. In L1210/LN‐1 cells, no human chromosomes were identified and chromosomes Ml and No. I carried by the parent L1210 cells were missing. L1210/LN‐1 cells displayed an intermediate morphology between L1210 cells and Lesch‐Nyhan fibroblasts. Most of the CDF1 mice that were inoculated with less than 2 × 106 L1210/LN‐1 cells survived over 60 days without evidence of tumor, whereas the original L1210 cells killed all the mice tested in about 2 weeks. When inoculated with more than 5 × 106 L1210/LN‐1 cells, CDF1 mice developed tumor. The CDF1 mice which rejeted 2 × 106 L1210/LN‐1 cells were protected very effectively against challenge of otherwise highly aggressive 1–5 × 105 L1210 leukemia cells; 40 out of 43 primed mice tested survived for 60 days or longer after the tumor challenge. Even the CDF1 mice primed with irradiated or mitomycin‐treated L1210/LN‐1 cells survived against a challenge of 10s L1210 leukemia cells. They were, however, not protected against P388 leukemia or Meth A sarcoma, indicating that the immunity was specific to L1210 leukemia. The immunity induced by L1210/LN‐1 cells was transplantable by immune spleen cells into syngeneic recipients. Thus, the L1210/LN‐1 cells we obtained seem to be very useful as an immunogen for generation of high‐grade tumor‐specific immunity against highly malignant L1210 leukemia.
Antibody formation against the cytotoxic proteins abrin and ricin in humans and mice
Authors: Godal Aslak , Fodstad Øystein , Pihl Alexander 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody formation may limit the therapeutic use of cancerostatic proteins. To study the significance of antibody formation against abrin and ricin, highly sensitive ELISA procedures for determination of anti‐abrin and anti‐ricin were developed. In mice treated weekly with therapeutic doses of ricin, antibodies appeared after 2–3 weeks and then rose rapidly, whereas after abrin treatment the antibody formation was slower. Ricin A‐chain was found to be more immunogenic than either intact ricin or human serum albumin (HSA). Cyclophosphamide inhibited the antibody response to both abrin and ricin and a combination of cyclophosphamide and prednisolone totally inhibited both anti‐abrin and anti‐ricin formation during the 6‐week observation period. In mice treated weekly with HSA, abrin treatment strongly reduced the anti‐HSA formation, showing that abrin has an immuno‐suppressive effect which appeared to be stronger than that of cyclophosphamide. The existence of circulating antigen‐antibody complexes could be demonstrated in the sera of toxin‐treated mice by precipitation with poly‐ethyleneglycol, whenever antibodies were detectable with ELISA. The life‐span of animals given lethal ricin doses was appreciably enhanced in animals having antibody levels in excess of 10–20 ng/ml. In cancer patients treated i. v. every second week with therapeutic toxin doses, the 10–20 ng/ml levels of anti‐ricin and anti‐abrin were reached 6–8 weeks and 7–10 weeks after the first injection of rkin and abrin, respectively. The data indicate that the effective therapeutic use of abrin and ricin as single agents may be limited to these time frames, but that the period of effective use may be substantially prolonged if the toxins are given together with conventional cytostatic agents having immuno‐suppressive activity.
Reactivity of purified GP40 antigen with antibodies from sera of patients with colorectal cancer: A follow‐up study
Authors: Gazitt Yair , Bentwich Z. , Shani A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA glycoprotein antigen (GP40) was previously identified as a major component of immune complexes isolated from sera of patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. Its reactivity with antibodies from sera of patients with various types of cancer was described. In this presentation we describe the methods for further purification of GP40 from Burkitt's lymphoma sera. Radioiodinated purified GP40 was used in a double antibody precipitation assay, to measure the level of free anti‐GP40 antibodies in sera of patients with colorectal cancer. Follow‐up studies of patients at various stages of the disease revealed a close correlation between the level of free anti‐GP40 antibodies and the stage of the disease, namely, low levels in advanced stages (C‐D) and high levels in early stages (A‐B). Furthermore, patients in remission undergoing chemotherapy always had elevated levels of free antibodies. Similarly, patients in relapse had decreasing levels of free antibodies.
Estrogen and progesterone receptor titers in primary epithelial ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Jones L. A. , Edwards C. L. , Freedman R. S. , Tan M. T. , Gallager H. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOnly 69% (42 of 61) of the documentated ovarian tumor specimens received between September 1981 and August 1982 contained 75% or more viable tumor. Of the 42 measured for estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), 34 (81%) had estrogen‐binding titers. ⩾1 fmol/mg of cytosol protein, while 18 (43%) had progesterone‐binding titers ⩾5 fmol/mg of cytosol protein. ER and PR titers were found to be independent of histologic grade, clinical stage, patient age, age at first pregnancy, age at menarche, age at menopause and number of pregnancies. The presence of ER and PR in malignant ovarian tumors suggests that assays positive for these hormones could aid in the selection of patients suitable for hormonal therapy.
Selection by trypsin of two sublines of rat colon cancer cells forming progressive or regressive tumors
Authors: Martin François , Caignard Anne , Jeannin Jean‐François , Leclerc Annick , Martin Monique 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom an established cell culture line obtained from a chemically‐induced rat colon carcinoma, two sublines have been selected and isolated according to their susceptibility to trypsin‐mediated detachment from plastic surfaces. Subline TR, the most resistant to the detaching effect of trypsin, gave progressive tumors in most of the syngeneic rats in which it was inoculated. Subline TS, which was easily detached by trypsin, also gave tumors in the syngeneic rats, but all these tumors disappeared within 3 or 4 weeks. Both sublines gave progressive tumors when injected into nude mice. This suggests that the parent cell line is heterogeneous and contains cell variants differing in their susceptibility to trypsin‐mediated detachment from substrate and their sensitivity to host factors leading to acceptance or rejection of the inoculated tumor cells.
Tumor immunity to murine plasma‐cell tumors. VIII. Immunosuppression of the generation of cytotoxic T cells by murine plasma‐cell tumor lines
Authors: Giorgi Janis V. , Warner Noel L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious studies have clearly established that murine plasmacytomas suppress B‐cell responses, but no effects on T‐cell responses have been noted by most investigators. However, in our investigation of the tumor‐associated antigens of plasmacytomas, we have found that immunosuppression plays an important role in the complex interaction between host immune T cells and tumor cells. In these investigations, varying the number of plas‐macytoma cells added to in vitro induction systems separated two different effects which these cells had on the generation of cytotoxic T cells. On the one hand, when appropriate numbers were present, tumor cells acted as immunogens and stimulated the generation of specific killer cells against tumor‐associated antigen or alloantigen which they expressed. In contrast, greater numbers of tumor cells exerted a profound inhibitory effect on the generation of cytotoxic activity when cells inactivated with irradiation were used. Mitomycin‐C inactivation of plasmacytoma cells abrogated this inhibitory activity. In further experiments, MPC‐11 cells that had been inactivated with Mitomycin C were able to prime T cells in vivo, whereas priming by live tumor cells could not be detected in the same situation. It is suggested that immunosuppression by the live tumor cells may account for their inability to prime T cells in vivo. These results indicate that immunosuppression by plasmacytomas may be one of the important variables which influence the generation of cytotoxic T cells against tumor‐associated antigens both in vivo and in vitro.
Increased antibody responses to Herpes virus papio (HVP) ANTIGENS IN PRE‐LYMPHOMATOUS BABOONS (Papio hamadryas) of the sukhumi high lymphoma stock
Authors: Voevodin A. F. , Yakovleva L. A. , Lapin B. A. , Ponomarjeva T. I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody responses to Herpes virus papio (HVP) antigens were studied in 21 pre‐lymphoma baboons (which subsequently died of malignant lymphoma), 21 paired controls, i.e. age‐, sex‐ and population‐matched healthy baboons, and 185 randomly selected healthy baboons of the same population. The sera were all collected at the same time and were tested blind in the fixed‐cell indirect immunofluorescence test against HVP viral capsid antigen (VCA)‐positive, early antigen (EA)‐positive cell targets before and after absorption with HVP. Eleven of the pre‐lymphoma sera were anti‐EA‐positive whereas none of the paired controls contained anti‐EA. Anti‐VCA titers of pre‐lymphoma sera were higher than those of paired controls in thirteen cases. Only in four cases were anti‐VCA titers of pre‐lymphoma sera lower than those of paired controls. Qualitatively, the same results were obtained when anti‐VCA and anti‐EA titers of pre‐lymphoma sera were compared with respective mean population values. The differences between pre‐lymphoma group and control groups, especially in the case of anti‐EA, were statistically highly significant. Thus, elevated anti‐HVP titers in healthy baboons of the Sukhumi lymphoma‐prone stock can be considered as a marker of high risk for development of malignant lymphoma.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of carcinomas and prognosis in human breast cancer
Authors: Deshpande N. , Mitchell Irene , Allen Diane , Millis Rosemary 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDNA content was estimated in 705 breast carcinomas from patients with stage I or stage II disease undergoing mastectomy, to investigate whether it would predict the clinical course of the disease. The patients were then followed for up to 84 months during which time 166 of them developed recurrences. There were no statistically significant differences in the DNA content of carcinomas between stage I and stage II patients or between those with various numbers of involved nodes. The tumours from pre‐menopausal patients as a group had significantly higher DNA content than those from post‐menopausal cases. There was a gradual rise in DNA content with the malignancy grade of the carcinoma which showed significant differences between Grades I and III and between II and III. Life‐table analyses showed that the measurement of DNA would not be an aid to prognosis. Furthermore, when the data were stratified according to menopausal status, stage, malignancy grade or numbers of lymph nodes involved, the results indicated that these estimation do not add significantly to the information obtained through established prognostic factors. Survival data were available on 111 patients with recurrent disease. There were no significant differences in tumour DNA content between short‐ and long‐term survivors. It is concluded that these measurements seem unlikely to be a prognostic factor in human breast cancer.
Childhood cancer incidence: Geographical and temporal variations
Authors: Breslow N. E. , Langholz B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractData from the first four volumes of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI‐5) and from the first 5 years of the US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program were analyzed for evidence of geographical and temporal variations in the incidence of selected childhood tumors. Only lymphoid leukemia and glial neoplasms are common enough for the observed differences between US registries to be distinguished from sampling variation. Internationally, kidney and eye tumors and leukemia show less geographical variation than do lymphomas and brain tumors, but for none of the tumors examined is the incidence constant Wilms' tumor rates among Japanese, Singapore Chinese and Indians (Bombay) are approximately 60% of the rates in North America and Britain, whereas in Scandinavia the rates are up to 30% higher. This lessens the status of Wilms' tumor as an “index tumor” of childhood. Areas or countries with especially high or low rates of other tumors are identified. Rates for glial neoplasms (SEER data) and Hodgkin's disease (CI‐S) are increasing with time in the US, while brain tumors are being diagnosed more frequently worldwide. However, the results for brain tumors may largely reflect changes in pathology diagnosis or reporting practices, and those for Hodgkin's disease may reflect improvements in case ascertainment. Otherwise, there is a remarkable stability in the incidence of selected childhood cancers over time.
Endotoxin‐induced in vitro release of interleukin‐1 by cancer patients' monocytes: Relation to stage of disease
Authors: Pollack Simon , Micali Anita , Kinne David W. , Enker Warren E. , Geller Nancy , Oettgen Herbert F. , Hoffmann Michael K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe in vitro release of IL‐I by monocytcs in response to endotoxin was subnormal in many patients with breast cancer, malignant melanoma or colorectal cancer but not in patients with benign tumors of the breast or colon. In each of these groups, IL‐I release was low in patients with early cancer, normal in patients with regional metastases, and low in patients with disseminated cancer.
Transformation of different phenotypic types of human bone marrow T‐lymphocytes by htlv‐1
Authors: Markham Phillip D. , Salahuddin S. Zaki , Macchi Beatrice , Robert‐Guroff Marjorie , Gallo Robert C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFresh bone marrow mononuclear leukocytes were used as a target for infection by human T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma virus subgroup 1 (HTLV‐1) by co‐cultivation with virus‐positive cell lines. The lines were established from T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma patients or HTLV‐1‐transformed human umbilical cord‐blood T cells. Clumps of transformed cells became visible by 2–3 weeks after infection and developed at a high frequency (>90%) in the bone marrow samples used. Stimulation of target cells with lymphocyte mitogens facilitated this process but was not absolutely required. Unlike fresh or cultured cells from HTLV‐1‐positive adult leukemia‐lymphoma patients and HTLV‐1‐transformed cord‐blood T cells, which usually have an OKT 4/leu 3a surface phenotype, the transformed bone marrow cells frequently fell into one of three categories based on their reactivity with cell‐specific monoclonal antibodies. These included populations of cells that were predominantly; (1) OKT 4/leu 3a‐positive, (2) OKT 8/leu 2a‐positive, and (3) cells expressing neither phenotype. Fresh bone marrow provided a rapid and efficient system for the assessment of HTLV‐1 infection. The type of bone marrow cells transformed in vitro suggests that HTLV‐1 can infect several subsets of T lymphocytes, possibly including immature cells or that these cells can undergo phenotypic modulation.
Estrogen binding sites on membranes from human laryngeal papilloma
Authors: Essman Eric J. , Abramson Alan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEstrogen binding sites were identified on plasma membranes from biopsy materials (N=16) of normal human larynx; such binding was found to be specific. In tissue from 22 cases of laryngeal papilloma, membrane binding of 17‐beta‐estradiol was also specific. Although such binding occurred for papilloma membranes at a comparable affinity, it was clear that all membranes from the papillomatous tissue possessed a 148% greater estrogen binding capacity; there were at least 17 times more estrogen binding sites for each mg of receptor protein on papilloma membrane than for normal laryngeal epithelium. These findings suggest a possible receptor marker for the detection and/or prediction of recurrence of laryngeal papilloma.
Heterogeneity of murine mammary adenocarcinoma cell subpopulations. in vitro and in vivo resistance to macrophage cytotoxicity and its association with metastatic capacity
Authors: Yamamura Yasuhiro , Fischer Beth C. , Harnaha J. B. , Proctor Julian W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProperties of Ts, a long‐term tissue culture line of T1699 mammary adenocarcinoma of DBA/2 mice, and two of its sublines – TR2 and TL1–1 – were comparatively studied. Ts tumors produced no spontaneous metastases, nor did i.v. injection of up to 1 × 106 Ts cells produce a lung tumor nodule. Ts cells were susceptible to macrophage cytotoxicity in vitro and i.v. injected cells were rapidly destroyed in the lungs. TL1–1 tumors spontaneously metastasized to the lungs, and i.v. injection of 1 × 103 TL1–1 cells produced approximately 15 lung nodules per animal. TL1–1 cells were least susceptible to both macrophage‐mediated cytolysis in vitro and in vivo host antitumor mechanisms. TR2 cells were intermediate with respect to all these properties. Differences in their susceptibility to macrophage cytotoxicity were recognized not only by normal peritoneal macrophages but also by murine macrophage lines. On the other hand, all the subpopulations were uniformily resistance to NK activity in vitro. These findings suggest that resistance of tumor cells in vitro to macrophage cytotoxicity corresponds with their in vivo metastatic potential.
Monoclonal antibody against a cryptic carbohydrate antigen of murine and human lymphocytes. I. antigen expression in non‐cryptic or unsubstituted form on certain murine lymphomas, on a spontaneous murine mammary carcinoma, and on several human adenocarcinomas
Authors: Michael Longenecker B. , Raisur Rahman A. F. , Barrington Leigh J. , Purser Ross A. , Greenberg Arnold H. , Willans D. J. , Keller O. , Petrik P. K. , Thay T. Y. , Suresh M. R. , Noujaim A. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper describes an IgM monoclonal antibody (49H.8) which was produced following immunization of BALB/c mice with human neuraminidase‐treated erythrocytes (NE‐RBC). 49H.8 reacts with NE‐RBC, neuraminidase‐treated T lymphocytes (NE‐T) and NE B lymphocytes of both human and murine origin. Little or no reactivity with untreated T or B cells could be detected. Thus the 49H.8 antigen is ‚cryptic’︁ in most normal lymphocytes of both humans and mice. In contrast, the 49H.8 antigen was detected in non‐cryptic or unsubstituted form on many non‐treated murine lymphomas of both B‐ and T‐cell origin, on the spontaneous murine mammary carcinoma, TA3‐HA and on serveral human adenocarcinomas. The 49H.8 antigen appears to be related to the previously described 49H.24 antigen as shown by sugar inhibition experiments. 49H.24 reacts most strongly with the synthetic disaccharide (betaGal (1→3)alphaGalNAc) but not at all with betaGal (1→3)betaGalNac, 49H.24 does not react with any of the murine or human tumors tested. 49H.8 reacts with both the alpha and beta forms of the disaccharide but reacts most strongly with phenyl‐betagalactoside‐containing compounds. In contrast, phenylalpha‐galactoside‐containing compounds produced no reaction. The natural determinant detected by this antibody was not determined but various possibilities are considered. 49H.8 was used to detected antigen apparently shed from growing TA3‐Ha cells into the serum and ascites of tumor‐bearing mice. These observations suggest that the 49H.8 monoclonal antibody will be valuable as a specific reagent for a common tumor‐associated antigen shared by certain murine and human tumors, and as a means of assaying shed tumor antigen in circulation as in the TA3‐Ha mammary adenocarcinoma model.