bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of antibody to hepatitis C virus in Japanese patients with viral hepatitis: Relationship between anti‐HCV antibody and the prognosis of non‐A, non‐B post‐transfusion hepatitis
Authors: Tanaka Eiji , Kiyosawa Kendo , Sodeyama Takeshi , Nakano Yoshiyuki , Yoshizawa Kaname , Hayata Takuro , Shimizu Satoshi , Nakatsuji Yoshiyuki , Koike Yuriko , Furuta Seiichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a retrospective study, antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV antibody) was measured in 80 patients with acute viral hepatitis (type A, 18; type B, 21; type non‐A, non‐B, 41). Anti‐HCV antibody was found in 12 of 20 patients (60%) with non‐A, non‐B post‐transfusion hepatitis (NANB‐PTH) and in 9 of 21 patients (43%) with sporadic NANB hepatitis (NANB‐SPO). Patients with acute hepatitis type A or type B did not have anti‐HCV antibody. The number of patients who developed chronic hepatitis was greater in the group with anti‐HCV antibody than in the anti‐HCV negative group in both NANB‐PTH and NANB‐SPO. The difference was significant in those with NANB‐PTH (P < 0.05).To investigate the relationship between the long‐term prognosis of NANB‐PTH and the course of anti‐HCV, we studied anti‐HCV antibody in 12 patients who developed chronic type C hepatitis (C‐CH) after PTH and followed them for more than 5 years after the development of PTH. One year after the development of PTH, all 12 had anti‐HCV antibody. Five lost anti‐HCV antibody (group 1) while 7 remained positive (group 2) at the final examination. Four of the 5 patients in group 1 had normal serum transaminases; however, abnormal transaminase persisted in all 7 patients in group 2 until the end of follow‐up (P < 0.05). Because there was no significant difference in the mean follow‐up period between groups 1 (91.6 months) and 2 (102.9 months), it is assumed that the long‐term prognosis of group 1 is better than that of group 2. These observations indicate that anti‐HCV antibody is a useful diagnostic marker for non‐A, non‐B hepatitis in patients with acute hepatitis and that the course of anti‐HCV antibody is closely related to the evolution of serum transaminase abnormality in patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis type C.
Differential diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis using rapid, fully automated immunoassays
Authors: Eble Kim , Clemens John , Krenc Christine , Rynning Michael , Stojak Joseph , Stuckmann Janice , Hutten Patricia , Nelson Linda , Ducharme Louise , Hojvat Sally , Mimms Larry 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report the development of three rapid, fully automated immunoassays allowing the differential diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis. These assays detect HBsAg, IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti‐HBc) and IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti‐HAV) using the IMx® instrument system. All IMx assays were run in less than 45 minutes and all steps were fully automated including specimen dilution steps. Specimens from blood donors, diagnostic and hospital patients, and individuals with a variety of infectious and immune diseases were tested for IgM anti‐HAV (n = 1473) or for IgM anti‐HBc (n = 1606) or for HBsAg (n = 9700) by the IMx and commercially available EIA and RIA. Each IMx assay showed 99.8% agreement with current EIA. Reproducibility in all hepatitis IMx assays was significantly better than that observed with manual or semi auto mated assays; within‐run and between‐run % CV ranged from 2.2 to 4.8 and 3.5 to 10.3 respectively. In 29 acute hepatitis B patients studied, HBsAg and IgM anti‐HBc were detected in the first available patient bleed collected from 0 to 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms. IgM anti‐HBc persisted at reactive levels in the IMx assay for 1 to 24 weeks (mean 12.1 ± 5.3 weeks) after the patient presented with symptoms. In individuals exposed to hepatitis A, IgM anti‐HAV was detectable by IMx by 40 days post exposure (average 33.5 days) and IgM had declined to unreactive levels in IMx for all patients by from 3 to 6 months post exposure. These data demonstrate the use of these rapid IMx assays for differentiation of acute hepatitis A and B.
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Hayashi Paul H. , Flynn Neil , McCurdy Stephen A. , Kuramoto I. K. , Holland Paul V. , Zeldis Jerome B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and risk factors for serological evidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Tests for anti‐HCV antibody were carried out by enzyme‐linked immunoassay (EIA) on 101 HIV‐infected patients from two university‐based outpatient clinics. Anti‐HCV antibody reactive samples were tested by using a recom‐binant immunoblot assay (RIBA) for HCV antibodies. Fourteen of 101 (13.9%) HIV‐infected patients were anti‐HCV reactive by EIA. Of these 14, only seven were reactive by RIBA: four were intravenous drug users as a sole risk factor for HIV infection; and the remaining three acquired HIV by blood transfusion, contaminated instrument exposure or IV drug use and sexual contact. Acquisition of HIV by sexual activity alone was not associated with HCV infection. It is concluded that HCV infection is found in approximately 7% of a university HIV clinic population. False‐positive anti‐HCV antibody serology may lead to overestimation of the prevalence of HCV infection. Female sex and intravenous drug use are significantly associated with HCV infection among HIV‐infected individuals.
Expression and characterization of the preS1 peptide of hepatitis B surface antigen inEscherichia coli
Authors: Lin Yuan , Liu Yan‐Xin , Cislo Teresa , Mason Bobby L. , Yu Mei‐Ying W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe infectious particles of hepatitis B virus (HBV) contain 3 related surface antigens, i.e., small, medium, and large, all of which are encoded by one large open reading frame with multiple initiation codons. The large surface antigen (L‐Ag) contains preS1, preS2, and S regions while both the middle and small surface antigens lack preS1. Several lines of evidence suggested that the preS1 region is involved in the binding of HBV to human hepatocytes as shown by its binding to HepG2 cells and isolated human he‐patocyte membranes. To obtain large quantity of preS1 peptide, an expression vector was constructed containing a lac promoter, the 5′ half of the p‐galactosidase gene, the Factor Xa tetrapep‐tide recognition sequence, and the coding region of preS1 plus preS2. This recombinant plasmid constitutively produced high concentration of a fusion protein in inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. When the fusion protein was treated with Factor Xa, a peptide consisting of the N‐terminal 91 amino acids of the preS1 region was released. This preS1 fragment purified by anion exchange chromatography was able to bind specifically to the isolated plasma membranes from human liver. Hence, this recombinant preS1 peptide can be used to identify and isolate hepatocyte receptors for HBV.
Characterization of HBV2‐like infections in Spain
Authors: Echevarría José M. , León P. , Domingo C. J. , López J. A. , Echevarría J. E. , Contreras G. , Fuertes A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis B viral serum markers suggestive of infection by hepatitis B virus type 2 were found in 354 patients tested in the laboratory during a 2.5 year period of study. Confirmation of the HBsAg reactivity by neutralization and subtyping analysis and determination of serum HBV‐DNA by molecular hybridization were carried out on selected samples from these patients. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained from 234 patients and serological follow‐up was done in 70 cases. The results obtained from the confirmatory tests and DNA assays indicated that HBsAg reactivities were specific, being frequently associated to low levels of HBV‐DNA. The incidence rates obtained for HBV2 serological patterns among patients at different level of risk for HBV infection, as well as the finding of a high rate of coinfection with hepatitis A virus among those showing acute hepatitis, suggested that the HBV2 agent could be transmitted by the oral route. An hypothesis considering the so called HBV2 infections as resulting from infections by an HBV variant strain which has an improved ability for non‐sexual, non‐parenteral transmission is suggested. Specific recommendations for detection and confirmation of such cases in blood banks are also outlined.
Cytomegalovirus excretion after bone marrow transplantation cannot be predicted from the pre‐transplant level of IgG antibodies
Authors: Pillay D. , Webster A. , Lee D. , Prentice H. G. , Griffiths P. D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe relationship of pre‐bone‐marrow transplant recipient and donor cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody level to post‐transplant recipient CMV excretion was investigated. CMV excretion was found to be related to pre‐transplant recipient serological status, but not to level of antibody. This therefore contrasts with herpes simplex virus (HSV), for which pre‐transplant antibody level in recipients predicts post‐transplant HSV excretion.
Pre‐S1 and pre‐S2 gene‐encoded proteins in liver and serum in chronic hepatitis delta infection
Authors: Hadziyannis Stephanos J. , Georgopoulou Urania , Psalidaki Eva , Budkowska Agatha 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFrozen cryostat sections and sera from 30 patients with chronic delta infection were examined for pre‐S1 and pre‐S2 gene‐encoded proteins, and the results were compared to markers in liver and serum HBV and HDV replication. Pre‐S1 and pre‐S2 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) in the liver in all 26 patients with histochemically demonstrable HBsAg. Pre‐S peptides were found by double IF to have a predominantly cytoplasmic expression and to be located in the same hepatocytes expressing HBsAg. Liver cells expressing hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) were frequently negative or very weakly positive for HBsAg and pre‐S peptides, but occasional HDAg positive hepatocytes were also strongly positive for HBsAg and for pre‐S peptides, particularly pre‐S2. Circulating pre‐S1 was detected in 24 patients (80%) and pre‐S2 in 27 (90%). Detection of pre‐S peptides in liver and serum was independent of HBV and HDV replication and of the HBV‐DNA integration state. There was no correlation between the amount of circulating pre‐S peptides and serum HBV‐DNA and HDV‐RNA. These results indicate that in chronic HDV infection, formation and secretion of pre‐S peptides and of HBsAg occur independently of HBV and HDV replication and secretion. They further indicate that in the acquisition by replicating HDV of an HBV‐derived envelope in the liver, both HBsAg and pre‐S peptides are concomitantly available but circulating HDV‐RNA is not invariably associated with the presence of these peptides in serum.
Detection of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 E4 gene products in condylomata acuminatum
Authors: Brown Darron R. , Bryan Janine , Rodriguez Michael , Rose Robert C. , Strike David G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPolyclonal antiserum to an Escherichia coli‐produced beta‐galactosidase/E4 fusion protein of human papillomavirus type 6b (antiserum 256), and affinity purified HPV 11 anti‐E4 antibodies were tested for reactivity in Western blots with bacterially expressed trpE/E4 fusion proteins of HPV types 6b, 11, 16, and 18. To further characterize the affinity purified anti‐E4 antibodies, a dot‐immunobinding assay was performed using overlapping synthetic HPV 11 ETE4 peptides as antigens. Protein extracts of condylomata acuminatum from 18 patients containing HPV type 6 or 11 DNA sequences were tested in Western blots using antiserum 256 or affinity purified HPV 11 anti‐E4 antibodies.In the Western blots of the trpE proteins, antiserum 256 identified the HPV types 6b and 11 fusion proteins; the affinity purified HPV 11 anti‐E4 antibodies identified only the HPV 11 fusion protein. In the dot‐immunobinding assay, three HPV 11 peptides were recognized, each containing a shared 8 amino acid sequence that differs significantly from the corresponding sequences of HPV types 6b, 16, or 18. In the Western blots of protein extracts from 18 condylomata acuminatum samples shown to contain HPV types 6 or 11 DNA, putative E4 gene products were identified in six samples by antiserum 256. The affinity purified HPV 11 anti‐E4 antibodies identified putative E4 gene products in one of these same six lesions, which was shown to contain HPV 11 sequences by the Southern blot method. All six samples containing E4 gene products were from women. Three of these women were pregnant, one had serum antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus, and one was a renal transplant recipient receiving glucocorticoids.This study suggests that unique antigenic sites exist in E4 gene products of HPV types 6 and 11 that distinguish them from other HPV types. Antisera to bacterially expressed E4 fusion proteins can detect putative E4 gene products of HPV types 6 and 11 in condylomata acuminatum from certain patients infected with these HPV types. It may be possible to produce reagents that will detect HPV E4 gene products in a type specific manner in those tissues where these proteins are expressed. These reagents should be useful in determining the conditions leading to E4 gene expression.
Low prevalence of human T‐cell leukemia virus‐I and ‐II infection among drug users in Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Authors: Van Den Hoek J. A. R. , Al E. J. M. , Huisman J. G. , Goudsmit J. , Coutinho R. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of human T‐cell leukemia virus‐I and ‐II infection was studied in a cohort of 346 intravenous and nonintravenous drug users in Amsterdam. Three participants (0.86%) had antibodies to HTLV‐I by two commercially available HTLV‐I enzyme immunoassays (EIA). Infection in these three subjects was confirmed by radioimmunoprecipitation assay. In the immunoblot study, only two of the three subjects were considered positive, since the serum of the third subject had antibodies to p24 only. By means of the polymerase chain reaction two participants (male intravenous drug users infected with human immunodeficiency virus; HIV) appeared to be infected with HTLV‐I and one subject (a male nonintravenous drug user from Surinam) with HTLV‐II. It is concluded that HTLV‐I and HTLV‐II circulate sporadically among drug users in Amsterdam and that risky injecting behaviour, which led to an HIV epidemic among intravenous drug users, has not led so far to an appreciable transmission of the other retroviruses among this group.
Effect of α‐interferon therapy on hepatitis C viraemia in community‐acquired chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis: A quantitative polymerase chain reaction study
Authors: Brillanti S. , Garson J. A. , Tuke P. W. , Ring C. , Briggs M. , Masci C. , Miglioli M. , Barbara L. , Tedder R. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSera from 30 patients with community‐acquired, biopsy‐proven chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis (NANBH) were tested for antibodies to the C100 protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The 20 patients who showed reactivity in this assay were followed prospectively for 6 months, during which time seven were treated with recombinant α‐interferon. HCV RNA was detected by “nested” polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 19 of the 20 anti‐C100‐positive sera taken at the onset of the study and also in five of the ten anti‐Cl00‐negative sera. Pretreatment viraemia levels ranged from 2 × 103 to 2 × 108HCV genomesiml. After 6 months of interferon, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels had fallen to normal in four of the seven treated patients. In each case the response to interferon was accompanied by either a disappearance of or a decline (1 log to 8 log reduction) in viraemia. HCV genome titres in the three nonresponders and in the 13 untreated anti‐C100‐positive patients did not change significantly over this 6 month period. These findings confirm the aetiological role of HCV in community‐acquired NANBH and suggest that quantitative PCR will become a valuable technique for monitoring the antiviral effect of interferon and other experimental treatments.
Prevalence of HPV cervical infection in a family planning clinic determined by polymerase chain reaction and dot blot hybridisation
Authors: Hallam Nicholas , Green Jonathan , Gibson Patricia , Powis Judith , Bibby Jonathan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe overall prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical infection in 131 women attending a family planning clinic was 7% (HPV 6/11,16,18,31) by dot blot hybridisation, 53% (HPV 11,16,31) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and 56% by the two methods combined. HPV 16 and 18 were the commonest types (4% each) by dot blot, HPV 16 (39%) by PCR. Fifteen percent of subjects had mildly abnormal cervical cytology (grades 1A, 2A, or 3). There was no significant correlation between cytological abnormality and HPV positivity, or between cytological or HPV status and other postulated risk factors for cervical neoplasia.It is concluded that PCR is considerably more sensitive than dot blot DNA hybridisation in detecting HPV cervical infection in such a “low risk” setting, where HPV copy number may be low. Firm conclusions cannot be drawn from our results regarding a causal role for HPV or other factors in the development of cervical neoplasia.
Molecular epidemiology of a coxsackievirus B3 outbreak
Authors: Rossouw E. , Tsilimigras C. W. A. , Schoub B. D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn outbreak of coxsackievirus B3 infection occurred in South Africa in 1984 with a variety of clinical manifestations being observed. Fifty‐one isolates from patients ranging in age from young babies to middle‐aged adults were obtained. To define further the epidemiology of this outbreak all isolates were characterised by either 1‐ or 2‐dimensional oligonucleotide mapping. One‐dimensional mapping was found to be highly successful for initial screening of the isolates before further characterisation by 2‐dimensional fingerprinting. All isolates were found to be essentially the same strain of coxsackievirus B3 although slight variations in both the 1‐ and 2‐dimensional patterns could be observed. Some coxsackievirus B3 strains from geographically unrelated regions but isolated during the same time period as the outbreak showed clearly distinguishable oligonucleotide maps.
Seroepidemiology of human herpesvirus‐6 in pregnant women from different parts of the world
Authors: Ranger S. , Patillaud S. , Denis F. , Himmich A. , Sangare A. , M'Boup S. , Itoua‐N'Gaporo A. , Prince‐David M. , Chout R. , Cevallos R. , Agut H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of HHV‐6 IgG was studied in 11 different countries across several continents: Morocco, Burkina‐Faso, Congo, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo, Ecuador, Martinique, and France. The study group consisted of 550 pregnant women, representative of the general adult population in each country. Antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence assay on HSB‐2 cells infected with HHV‐6. Each serum was tested at nine dilutions (1:20 to 1:5,120), sera ≥20 being considered positive. For the HSB‐2 cells. Great differences were seen between separate areas: Morocco showed both low prevalence (20%) and a low geometric mean titer (12), whereas sub‐Saharan Africa displayed high prevalences (60% to 90%) and variable geometric mean titers (34 to 229). This study revealed a prevalence of 92% for Ecuador, signifcantly higher than the prevalence for Martinique (50%), yet both countries had very low antibody titers compared with those found in Africa. The prevalence in France (76%) was similar to previous results from other European countries.
Cytomegalovirus infection and excretion in residents of a nursing home
Authors: Stackhouse Frank A. , Kumar Ashir , Maier George A. , Dyke John W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCy tomegalovirus (CMV), following primary infection, usually remains latent with the potential for reactivation and excretion in saliva and urine. The prevalence of CMV excretion has not been studied among the elderly. This study followed 54 nursing home residents (mean age 83 years and medically stable, but with a wide spectrum of medical conditions). Over a 6 month period these subjects were serially tested for viral excretion in saliva and urine and for CMV antibody. While approximately 93% of the residents tested were sero‐positive, indicating previous CMV infection, there was no evidence of viral excretion in any resident during the study period. Therefore, it is unlikely that the elderly nursing home residents will prove to be a source of CMV to the health care workers or to their family members.
Hepatitis C viraemia in adults with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Garson J. A. , Lenzi M. , Ring C. , Cassani F. , Ballardini G. , Briggs M. , Tedder R. S. , Bianchi F. B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSera from 14 patients with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis (anti‐LKM, positive) were investigated for evidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Antibodies to HCV were detected in 13 patients by both commercial and “in‐house” ELlSAs and also by a second generation recombinant immunoblot assay. Nine of the 13 (69%) anti‐HCV positive patients were shown to be viraemic by a polymerase chain reaction‐based assay for serum HCV RNA. Neither anti‐HCV nor serum HCV RNA were detected in any of 6 controls with primary biliary cirrhosis or in 39 healthy blood donors. These findings strongly suggest a role for HCV in the pathogenesis of type 2 autoimmune hepatitis.
Experimental infection of suckling mice with a host range mutant of junin virus
Authors: Scolaro Luis A. , Mersich Susana E. , Damonte Elsa B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExperimental infection of three mouse strains with a non‐pathogenic mutant of Junin virus named C167 was compared with respect to the parental XJC13 strain. After intracerebral (ic) or intraperitoneal inoculation, XJC13 was highly virulent for 2 day‐old C3H/HeJ, OF1, and BALB/cJ mouse strains, whereas its derivative C167 was attenuated. Survival of the C167‐infected mouse was associated with a restricted replication at the site of inoculation which would impair spread of virus. Thus, the reduced virulence of C167 for suckling mice is independent of the mouse strain and the route of viral entry. When C167 was preinoculated ic I0 days before the challenge inoculation with XJC13 by the same route, mice were partially protected from lethal infection. Since neutralizing antibodies were first detected at 30 days post‐infection, an interference mechanism is postulated as a mechanism of protection of the mice.
Non‐A, non‐B hepatitis in children: A clinical, histologic, and serologic study
Authors: Hsu Shun‐Chien , Chang Mei‐Hwei , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Hsu Hey‐Chi , Lee Chin‐Yun 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwenty‐seven children with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis were studied with regard to their clinical, serologic, and histologic features. In contrast to adult patients, non‐A, non‐B hepatitis developed in most pediatric patients (19 out of 27) in the absence of identifiable parenteral exposure, probably because of fewer chances for exposure of children to blood or blood‐contaminated products. Perinatal transmission was considered possible in one of the patients. Fulminant hepatitis had occurred in six patients, two of whom died. It is noteworthy that fulminant hepatitis usually occurred in children with sporadic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis.The progression to chronic hepatitis after acute illness is less likely in children than in adults. Chronic hepatitis developed in four patients. Two of these were asymptomatic at presentation, suggesting that in some patients, non‐A, non‐B hepatitis infections may remain undetected and progress t o chronic hepatitis. Liver histologic examination was performed in 11 patients. There were no characteristic histologic findings which could differentiate non‐A, non‐B from B hepatitis. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) were tested i n 22 of the 27 patients and 8 (36%) were seropositive for anti‐HCV.