bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled trial comparing short-term versus long-term catheterization after vaginal prolapse surgery
Authors: Thakur Nupur , Gurung Geeta , Rana Ashma 
Published: November 2008

Aim: To determine whether short term bladder catheterisation for 24 hrs after vaginal hysterectomy for prolapse would be more advantageous to routinely practiced 3 days catheterisation. Method: Randomized comparative study was done as thesis topic in Gynaecological Ward of TU Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu from 30th October 2004 to 2nd November 2005. A total of 100 women were included in this study. Prior to surgery at OT table, and before giving prophylactic antibiotics urine samples were collected from metal catheter for routine analysis. They were randomized into two groups. In groups 1 (n=50) transurethral catheter was removed after 24 hrs of surgery. In group 2 (n=50) catheter was removed on 3rd post operative day. Urine culture was taken before removal of the catheter. Residual volume of urine after the first voiding was measured by transabdominal ultrasound. Recatheterisation for three more days was considered whenever residual volume exceeded 200ml. Result: Recatheterisation was not needed in either groups for residual volume >200ml. Regarding recatheterisation 4 needed them after 2-3 hrs of first voiding. Among these 4 women, cause of urinary retention was accountable for pelvic haematoma leading to pelvic abscess in one case, which belonged to group 1 where as urinary tract infection was responsible for urinary retention in group 2. There were no explainable causes in two cases. But urinary tract infection was seen in two cases in group 1 and 11 cases in group 2 (P value 0.017). Conclusion: This study has shown that short term catheterisation is more beneficial in terms of lower incidence of urinary tract infection (2 Vs 11) and related febrile morbidity as compared to long term catheterisation. Key words: Uterovaginal prolapse, pelvic floor repair with vaginal hysterectomy, catheterisation. doi:10.3126/njog.v2i1.1473 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 29 - 34 May -June 2007
Androgen dynamics in the context of children's peer relations: an examination of the links between testosterone and peer victimization
Authors: Vaillancourt Tracy , deCatanzaro Denys , Duku Eric , Muir Cameron 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTestosterone levels have been shown to decrease in the face of social defeat in several mammalian species. Among humans, the loss of social status has been studied primarily in the context of athletic competition, with winners having higher testosterone levels than losers. This study examined testosterone levels in relation to peer victimization (bullying) in a sample of 151 boys and girls aged 12–13. Statistically controlling for age and pubertal status, results indicated that on average verbally bullied girls produced less testosterone and verbally bullied boys produced more testosterone than their nonbullied counterparts. Similar trends were evident comparing social and physical bullying with testosterone. Sex differences are discussed in terms of empirically validated differences in coping styles, as girls tend to internalize, whereas boys tend to externalize, their abuse. Aggr. Behav. 35:103–113, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feedforward adaptive control of the Bispectral Index of the EEG using the intravenous anaesthetic drug propofol
Authors: Nunes Catarina S. , Mendonça Teresa , Lemos João M. , Amorim Pedro 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe problem of controlling the level of unconsciousness measured by the Bispectral Index (BIS) of the EEG of patients under anaesthesia is considered. The manipulated variable is the infusion rate of the hypnotic drug propofol. In order to tackle the high uncertainties present in the system, the predictive adaptive controller MUSMAR is used. The performance of the controller is illustrated by means of simulations with 50 patient individual adjusted models (nonlinear models), which incorporate the effect of the drugs interaction on BIS. This work presents a feasibility study of the control of the BIS exploring the above ideas. These results show that such a control structure can be adequate to control the BIS signal during total intravenous anaesthesia. The controller was able to adequately achieve and maintain the BIS signal with different patient dynamics, reference values and noise. A major challenge for the automation of anaesthesia consists of replicating the experience of the anaesthetist. Clearly, this calls for the use of feedforward from measurable signals correlated with disturbances (e.g. electromyography—EMG, analgesic drug). The results also show that the analgesic and EMG have different influences on the performance and therefore carry different but relevant information. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Construction of Quaternary Carbon Centers via Cross‐Aldol Reaction of Ketones in Water
Authors: Zheng Changwu , Wu Yongyong , Wang Xiaosheng , Zhao Gang 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe asymmetric construction of quaternary carbon centers via cross‐aldol reactions of ketones with β,γ‐unsaturated keto esters catalyzed by 4‐(tert‐butyldiphenylsilyloxy)‐pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid in water is described. The adducts bearing two adjacent chiral centers were obtained in high yields, mostly up to 99% ee, and with high diastereoselectivities. The corresponding polyfunctional products could also be easily transformed to useful lactones with three chiral centers.
Evaluation of Aromatic Amination Catalyzed by Palladium on Carbon: A Practical Synthesis of Triarylamines
Authors: Monguchi Yasunari , Kitamoto Katsunori , Ikawa Takashi , Maegawa Tomohiro , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA heterogeneous palladium on carbon (Pd/C)‐catalyzed coupling between amines and aromatic halides including aromatic chlorides has been achieved using sodium tert‐butoxide (NaO‐t‐Bu) and 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) as a ligand in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME). The use of potassium tert‐butoxide (KO‐t‐Bu) in place of NaO‐t‐Bu brought about the benzyne‐mediated aromatic amination even without Pd/C and dppf, giving a mixture of regioisomers when 4‐substituted bromobenzenes were employed as the substrate. The combination of Pd/C, dppf, NaO‐t‐Bu could be utilized for the syntheses of a broad range of triarylamines by replacing CPME with mesitylene which can provide a higher reaction temperature. The Pd/C could be quantitatively recovered and reused until at least the fourth cycle without any loss in catalytic activity. The quite low leaching of palladium (<1.1%) was demonstrated by an inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometric analysis.
Modular Phosphine‐Aminophosphine Ligands Based on Chiral 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐1‐naphthylamine Backbone: A New Class of Practical Ligands for Enantioselective Hydrogenations
Authors: Qiu Min , Hu Xiang‐Ping , Huang Jia‐Di , Wang Dao‐Yong , Deng Jun , Yu Sai‐Bo , Duan Zheng‐Chao , Zheng Zhuo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA series of new chiral phosphine‐aminophosphine ligands [(R)‐HW‐Phos] has been prepared from (R)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1‐naphthylamine through a two‐step procedure, and successfully applied in the rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of various functionalized olefins such as α‐enol ester phosphonates, α‐enamido phosphonates, (Z)‐β‐(acylamino)acrylates and so on. Excellent enantioselectivities have been achieved in the hydrogenation of most substrates tested, demonstrating the high potential of these newly developed phosphine‐aminophosphine ligands in asymmetric catalysis. The present research also discloses that these newly developed phosphine‐aminophosphine ligands are more efficient than that derived from (S)‐1‐phenylethylamine, suggesting that the increased rigidity conferred by a cyclohexyl fragment in these phosphine‐aminophosphine ligands has a positive effect in the asymmetric induction.
Indium(III) Chloride‐Catalyzed Propargylation/Amination/Cycloisomerization Tandem Reaction: One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles from Propargylic Alcohols, 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and Primary Amines
Authors: Liu Xiao‐tao , Huang Lei , Zheng Fei‐jian , Zhan Zhuang‐ping 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA convenient one‐pot propargylation/amination/cycloisomerization tandem process has been developed for the synthesis of highly substituted pyrroles derivatives from propargylic alcohols, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and primary amines using indium(III) chloride as a multifunctional catalyst. This method provides a flexible and rapid route to substituted pyrroles.
Polymer and Silica Supported Tridentate Schiff Base Vanadium Catalysts for the Asymmetric Oxidation of Ethyl Mandelate – Activity, Stability and Recyclability
Authors: Shiels Rebecca A. , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan , Jones Christopher W. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHomogeneous tridentate Schiff base vanadium catalysts derived from salicylaldehydes and tert‐leucinol or tert‐leucine are known to be excellent catalysts for the asymmetric oxidation of α‐hydroxy esters including ethyl mandelate. Herein, new analogous supported, semi‐soluble and insoluble catalysts are synthesized and their activities relative to the homogeneous catalyst are reported. The new catalysts are characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (EI, ESI, FAB), X‐ray crystallography, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and nitrogen physisorption. The effects of support material, synthesis procedure, and reaction solvent are examined to probe the utility of these catalysts. Linear poly(styrene) supported catalysts are partially soluble under the reaction conditions, and it is shown that the soluble species contribute significantly to the catalytic reactivity. Insoluble catalysts based on the same vanadyl complexes supported on cross‐linked poly(styrene) resin or mesoporous silica allow for catalyst recovery and recycle, showing equivalent selectivities over multiple reaction cycles. The mesoporous silica supported catalyst exhibits greater selectivity than the analogous homogeneous and polymer supported catalysts. Rigorous recycle studies show a loss of activity in each recycle, which is attributed to the decomposition of some portion of the vanadyl complexes in each cycle.
Substituent Effect on the Formation and Reactivity of Platinum Carbenoids
Authors: Cho Eun Jin , Lee Daesung 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA propargylic ester containing a propargylic alkoxy group has been observed to preferentially undergo [1,2]‐acyl shift over [1,3]‐shift. In addition, the complementary and contrasting reactivity of vinyl vs. alkynyl platinum carbenoids has been discovered. Vinyl platinum carbenoids are more prone to undergo [1,2]‐H shift over addition to π‐bonds whereas alkynyl platinum carbenoids preferentially add to π‐bonds.
Structure‐Based Insight into the Asymmetric Bioreduction of the CC Double Bond of α,β‐Unsaturated Nitroalkenes by Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reductase
Authors: Toogood Helen S. , Fryszkowska Anna , Hare Victoria , Fisher Karl , Roujeinikova Anna , Leys David , Gardiner John M. , Stephens Gill M. , Scrutton Nigel S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBiocatalytic reduction of α‐ or β‐alkyl‐β‐arylnitroalkenes provides a convenient and efficient method to prepare chiral substituted nitroalkanes. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (PETN reductase) from Enterobacter cloacae st. PB2 catalyses the reduction of nitroolefins such as 1‐nitrocyclohexene (1) with steady state and rapid reaction kinetics comparable to other old yellow enzyme homologues. Furthermore, it reduces 2‐aryl‐1‐nitropropenes (4a–d) to their equivalent (S)‐nitropropanes 9a–d. The enzyme shows a preference for the (Z)‐isomer of substrates 4a–d, providing almost pure enantiomeric products 9a–d (ees up to>99%) in quantitative yield, whereas the respective (E)‐isomers are reduced with lower enantioselectivity (63–89% ee) and lower product yields. 1‐Aryl‐2‐nitropropenes (5a, b) are also reduced efficiently, but the products (R)‐10 have lower optical purities. The structure of the enzyme complex with 1‐nitrocyclohexene (1) was determined by X‐ray crystallography, revealing two substrate‐binding modes, with only one compatible with hydride transfer. Models of nitropropenes 4 and 5 in the active site of PETN reductase predicted that the enantioselectivity of the reaction was dependent on the orientation of binding of the (E)‐ and (Z)‐substrates. This work provides a structural basis for understanding the mechanism of asymmetric bioreduction of nitroalkenes by PETN reductase.
Investigation of influence factors in electron beam curing of epoxy resins using a calorimetry technique
Authors: Chen J. H. , Johnston A. , Petrescue L. , Hojjati M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBecause of the complexity of the electron beam (EB) curing process, current understanding of EB curing of polymer resins and composites is limited. This article describes an investigation of different factors affecting EB curing of epoxy resin such as dose rate, time interval between irradiation doses, moisture, and photoinitiator concentration using a calorimetry technique. Results show that higher dose rate resulted in a higher and faster temperature increment in the uncured resin samples, and thus a higher degree of cure. In the multiple‐step EB irradiation, a shorter time interval between irradiation doses resulted in higher temperature in the resin samples and therefore higher degree of cure. Results indicate that moisture could delay crosslinking reaction in the early stages of the cure reaction, but accelerates it later in the curing process. Given a reasonable percentage of photoinitiator, experiments confirmed that samples with higher photoinitiator concentration reach higher degree of cure under same EB irradiation conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Criteria for determining native distributions of biota: the case of the northern plains killifish in the Cheyenne River drainage, North America
Authors: Hoagstrom Christopher W. , Hayer Cari‐Ann , Berry Charles R. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Criteria exist to help determine native distributions of species, but they are seldom explicitly used.
As an example of their utility, nine revised and expanded criteria are applied to assess the status of northern plains killifish in the Cheyenne River drainage. Use of each criterion is demonstrated. The criteria are: (1) history, (2) detectibility, (3) biogeography, (4) life‐history, (5) human affinity, (6) invasion path, (7) invasiveness, (8) phylogenetics, and (9) pre‐history.
Upon review, only one criterion weakly supports non‐native status, whereas five strongly support native status, one weakly supports native status, and two are equivocal.
Criteria to determine native distributions provide a rigorous method to assess available information, reveal knowledge gaps, and produce testable hypotheses. As demonstrated here, their consistent use as a cohesive set would greatly improve understanding of species distributions, benefiting conservation efforts and related meta‐analyses.
Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of species and functional diversity around a coastal marine reserve: a fisheries perspective
Authors: Stelzenmüller Vanessa , Maynou Francesc , Martín Paloma 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are expected to function simultaneously as biological conservation and fisheries management tools, but empirical evidence linking biodiversity conservation with fisheries benefits is scarce. Around the Medes Islands marine reserve (Spain, NW Mediterranean) patterns of fish catch diversity, catch (CPUE) and income (IPUE) were assessed and the economic value of diversity for local fisheries was explored by combining a Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis with geostatistics.
Catch data were derived from the trammel net fleet operating around the MPA to gain information on species diversity, functional diversity, functional redundancy, CPUE and IPUE.
Results revealed significant impact of both the fishing prohibition in the MPA and the presence of seagrass beds on diversity metrics, catch and income. Clear differences in functional redundancy in fish assemblages were found within the study area, indicating greater resilience of the fish assemblage against fishing pressure or human impact close to the MPA (⩽2 km). In contrast, fish assemblages beyond 2 km of the MPA border are more vulnerable to disturbance. High values of diversity, CPUE and IPUE overlapped close to the MPA border and close to seagrass beds.
The spatial approach developed suggests that, in addition to the more commonly studied effect of density‐dependent spillover of adult fish, increased levels of ecological diversity and economic diversity can also result in fisheries benefits of an MPA. Hence, the fishing regulations in and around the Medes Islands marine reserve have shown that biological conservation and fisheries benefits can be complementary in the long‐term, which should be considered in future policies for MPAs or MPA networks.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effectiveness of seahorses and pipefish (Pisces: Syngnathidae) as a flagship group to evaluate the conservation value of estuarine seagrass beds
Authors: Shokri Mohammad Reza , Gladstone William , Jelbart Jane 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Syngnathids (Pisces, Syngnathidae: seahorses and pipefish) were investigated for their use as a flagship group to evaluate the conservation value of estuarine seagrass beds in estuaries in south‐east Australia. Some species of syngnathids are listed internationally as vulnerable or endangered, and they are a charismatic group of fish that attracts a high level of public support and sympathy. Syngnathids are also protected in several states of Australia. Conservation of syngnathids might provide coincidental benefits to other species that share their habitats.
The effectiveness of syngnathids as a flagship group was assessed by (1) testing for correlations with other fish in species richness, density, assemblage variation, and summed irreplaceability value, and (2) determining the number of species of all other fish coincidentally captured in marine protected areas (MPAs) selected for syngnathids. The study was undertaken in a single estuary (scale: tens of square kilometres) and across multiple estuaries (scale: hundreds of square kilometres).
Densities of syngnathids and other fish were correlated only at the scale of multiple estuaries. Species richness and summed irreplaceability of syngnathids and other fish were not spatially correlated. Spatial variations in assemblages of syngnathids and other fish were correlated. MPAs selected for syngnathids included more non‐syngnathid species than a random selection of locations.
This study provides evidence that ranking the conservation value of seagrass beds on the basis of the density and assemblage variation of syngnathids, and selecting MPAs to represent syngnathid species, will simultaneously benefit other fish. Synganthids are therefore regarded as a useful flagship group for conservation planning.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the effect of catchment land use and water nutrient concentrations on freshwater river and stream biodiversity
Authors: Weijters M. J. , Janse J. H. , Alkemade R. , Verhoeven J. T. A. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
A major threat to freshwater taxon diversity is the alteration of natural catchment Land use into agriculture, industry or urban areas and the associated eutrophication of the water. In order to stop freshwater biodiversity loss, it is essential to quantify the relationships between freshwater diversity and catchment Land use and water nutrient concentrations.
A literature survey was carried out on biodiversity data from rivers and streams. Fish and macroinvertebrates were selected as focal groups as they are widely used as indicator species of river and stream health. Only published data were selected that (a) compared data found at impaired sites with a pristine reference situation (either in time or space), (b) clearly defined the stressors studied (Land use cover and/or nutrient concentrations), and (c) clearly defined biodiversity (number of native species, species lists or IBI‐scores).
The number of native taxa found in each study was transferred in an index of relative taxon richness (RTR) ranging from 0 (severely altered) to 100 (pristine reference conditions). Only those taxa were included that were (at least) present in the most pristine situation. This made it possible to combine, compare and analyse results from different studies. Catchment Land use was expressed as the percentage of non‐natural Land use (agriculture, industry, housing or mining). As a measure of nutrients, the concentrations of NO3, NH4, PO4, total N and total P in the river and stream water were used.
Over 240 published articles have been studied, but only 22 met the criteria described above and could be used for further analysis.
This study showed that altered catchment Land use has a major effect on freshwater biodiversity and that the rate of species loss is serious; on average every 10% of lost natural catchment Land use cover leads to a loss of almost 6% (±0.83) of the native freshwater fish and macroinvertebrate species.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecological effects of major injuries in diamondback terrapins: implications for conservation and management
Authors: Cecala K. K. , Gibbons J. W. , Dorcas M. E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMany turtle species frequently suffer major injuries due to attempted predation or anthropogenic factors. Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) are one species known to be affected by anthropogenic activity, but little is known about the causes of injuries. In declining diamondback terrapin populations, learning more about causes and results of injuries can be helpful in developing sound management plans.Patterns of limb loss and major shell injuries were examined in a population of terrapins studied for 24 years at Kiawah Island, South Carolina to infer the causes and effects of injuries and possible predators on terrapins.The rate of shell injuries increased temporally, possibly as a result of increased watercraft activity. Because no differences in rates of limb loss were found between males and females, limb loss probably results from aquatic encounters (i.e. limb loss does not appear to be the result of terrestrial predation during nesting). Furthermore, males experienced reduced body condition when injured, and terrapins with a major injury had lower survivorship than uninjured terrapins.Therefore, in addition to reducing sources of mortality and protecting nesting habitat, measures to protect terrapins from watercraft activity may increase the survivorship of adult terrapins.Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summary of the Sierra Rotors Project wave and rotor events
Authors: Grubišić Vanda , Billings Brian J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study summarizes wave and rotor events observed during the Sierra Rotors Project (SRP). This summary is on the basis of numerical model simulations of SRP events. The events are classified according to the lee‐side maxima of vertical and horizontal velocities. Generally, the above classification agrees with the classification on the basis of the obstacle‐perpendicular ridge‐top winds. The updraft maxima are found to preferentially lie within the leading‐edge updraft of a lee wave in the immediate lee and near the crest height of the Sierra Nevada. Simulated waves and lower turbulence zones are illustrated with the wave and rotor structures in two of the strongest SRP events. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society