bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of posttraumatic stress in fathers of children with chronic diseases or unintentional injuries: a six-months follow-up study
Authors: Ribi Karin , Vollrath Margarete E , Sennhauser Felix H , Gnehm Hanspeter E , Landolt Markus A 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Background
While fathers were neglected for a long time in research investigating families of pediatric patients, there are now a few studies available on fathers' posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about the course of PTSS and PTSD in fathers of pediatric patients. The present study aimed to compare the prevalence and course of PTSS and PTSD in fathers of children with different chronic and acute conditions and to identify factors that contribute to fathers' PTSS.

Methods
Sixty-nine fathers of children newly diagnosed with either cancer, type I diabetes mellitus, or epilepsy and 70 fathers of children suffering from an unintentional injury completed questionnaires at 4–6 weeks (Time 1) and six months (Time 2) after diagnosis or injury.

Results
Noticeable PTSD rates were found in fathers of children with a chronic disease (26% at Time 1 and 21% at Time 2, respectively). These rates were significantly higher than rates found in fathers of children with unintentional injuries (12% at Time 1 and 6% at Time 2, respectively). Within six months after the child's diagnosis or accident a decrease in severity of PTSS was observed in both groups. Significant predictors of PTSS at Time 2 were the father's initial level of PTSS, the child's medical condition (injuries vs. chronic diseases) and functional status, the father's use of dysfunctional coping strategies, and father's level of neuroticism.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that fathers with initially high PTSS levels are at greater risk to experience PTSS at follow-up, particularly fathers of children with a chronic disease. Sensitizing health care professionals to the identification of PTSS symptoms but also to indicators of neuroticism and the use of specific coping strategies early in the treatment course is essential for the planning and implementation of adequate intervention strategies.
Phenotypic differences between healthy effector CTL and leukemic LGL cells support the notion of antigen-triggered clonal transformation in T-LGL leukemia
Authors: Wlodarski Marcin W , Nearman Zachary , Jankowska Anna , Babel Nina , Powers Jennifer , Leahy Patrick , Volk Hans-Dieter , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P 
Published: December 2007

AbstractT cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL) is a chronic clonal lymphoproliferation of CTL. In many ways, T-LGL clones resemble terminal effector CTL, including down-modulation of CD28 and overexpression of perforin, granzymes, and CD57. We studied the transcriptome of T-LGL clones and compared it with healthy CD8+CD57+ effector cells as well as CD8+CD57– populations. T-LGL clones were sorted based on their TCR variable β-chain restriction, and controls were obtained by pooling cell populations from 14 donors. Here, we focus our analysis on immunological networks, as immune mechanisms play a prominent role in the etiology of bone marrow failure in T-LGL. Informative genes identified by expression arrays were studied further in an independent cohort of patients using Taqman PCR, ELISA assays, and FACS analysis. Despite a strikingly similar gene expression profile between T-LGL clones and their healthy counterparts, important phenotypic differences were identified, including up-modulation of TNFRS9, myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1, IFN-γ, and IFN-γ-related genes, and several integrins/adhesion molecules. In addition, T-LGL clones were characterized by an overexpression of chemokines and chemokine receptors that are typically associated with viral infections (CXCL2, Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1, IL-18, CCR2). Our studies suggest that immunodominant LGL clones, although phenotypically similar to effector CTL, show significantly altered expression of a number of genes, including those associated with an ongoing viral infection or chronic, antigen-driven immune response.
Prognostic Value of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Data in Predicting Survival in Patients With Anaplastic Oligodendrogliomas, From a Phase III EORTC Brain Cancer Group Study
Authors: Mauer Murielle E.L. , Taphoorn Martin J.B. , Bottomley Andrew , Coens Corneel , Efficace Fabio , Sanson Marc , Brandes Alba A. , van der Rijt Carin C.D. , Bernsen Hans J.J.A. , Frénay Marc , Tijssen Cees C. , Lacombe Denis , van den Bent Martin J. 
Published: December 2007

Purpose This is one of a few studies that have explored the value of baseline symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in predicting survival in patients with brain cancer. Patients and Methods Baseline HRQOL scores (from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 and the EORTC Brain Cancer Module) were examined in 247 patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas to determine the relationship with overall survival by using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Refined techniques as the bootstrap resampling procedure and the computation of C indexes and R2 coefficients were used to explore the stability of the models as well as better assess the potential benefit of using HRQOL to predict survival in clinical practice and research. Results Classical analysis controlled for major clinical prognostic factors selected emotional functioning (P = .0016), communication deficit (P = .0261), future uncertainty (P = .0481), and weakness of legs (P = .0001) as statistically significant prognostic factors of survival. However, several issues question the validity of these findings and no single model was found to be preferable over all others. C indexes, which estimate the probability of a model to correctly predict which patient among a randomly chosen pair of patients will survive longer, and R2 coefficients, which measure the proportion of variability explained by the model, did not exhibit major improvement when adding selected or all HRQOL scores to clinical factors. Conclusion While classical techniques lead to positive results, more refined analyses suggest that baseline HRQOL scores add relatively little to clinical factors to predict survival. These results may have implications for future use of HRQOL as a prognostic factor for patients with cancer.
Novel Nontoxic and Environment-friendly Inorganic Yellow Pigments
Authors: Imanaka Nobuhito , Masui Toshiyuki , Furukawa Shinya 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of novel and environment-friendly inorganic yellow pigments were successfully realized. The pigments are composed of CeO2, Bi2O3, and SiO2, which are nontoxic materials with the potential to give brilliant color. These new materials have high thermal and UV stability; thus, they are ideal candidates for use as environment-friendly inorganic yellow pigments.
Diverse uses of English in Finnish society: Discourse-pragmatic insights into media, educational and business contexts
Authors: Leppänen Sirpa , Nikula Tarja 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article describes the role of English in Finland, where English is gaining ground in a variety of domains. While the spread of English has generated debate, little empirical evidence exists on how English is taken up and put to use by Finns, and the functions it serves in its various contexts of use. This article reports on work conducted in a projectEnglish voices in Finnish society: uses and functions of English in the media, education and professional life.Combining insights from sociolinguistics, discourse analysis and pragmatics, the project describes the uses of English in language contact situations across the three key domains covered in the project. The objective of the project is to shed light on the diversity and complexity of language choice, alternation and mixed language uses in contact situations and in texts. The focus is on the linguistic choices made, the forms and patterns used and the social functions they serve, and on how the uses of a language can shape and be shaped by more general social and cultural processes and structures. The article shows how English affects domains in Finnish society in a variety of ways, and how the spread of English in Finland can be conceptualised as a phenomenon which emerges at a local level and flows across domains and contexts.
Variations of snow cover in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in China between 1960 and 1999
Authors: Jianping Yang , Yongjian Ding , Shiyin Liu , Feng Liu Jun 
Published: December 2007

AbstractVariations in annual maximum and accumulated snow depths, snow-cover duration, precipitation and air temperature have been analyzed using daily snow depth, monthly air temperature and monthly precipitation data from 1960 to 1999 from six meteorological stations in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in China. Annual maximum snow depth, snow-cover duration and precipitation increased by ~0.23, ~0.06 and ~0.05% a–1, respectively, during the study period, while annual accumulated snow depth increased by ~2.4% a–1. Annual mean air temperature increased by ~0.6°C over the study period. An unusually heavy snow cover in 1985 coincided with historically low air temperatures. Data from Tuotuohe and Qingshuihe meteorological stations are used to examine inter-station variability. The annual maximum and accumulated snow depths increased by ~0.35 and ~10.6% a–1 at Tuotuohe, and by ~0.42 and ~2.3%a–1 at Qingshuihe. However, from the late 1980s until 1999 the climate in the study region has become warmer and drier. The precipitation decrease in the 1990s (and not the rapid rise in measured temperature) is thought to be the primary cause of the decrease in snow depth in those years.
Decrease in DEET repellency caused by nitric oxide in Rhodnius prolixus
Authors: Sfara Valeria , Zerba Eduardo N. , Alzogaray Raúl A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractN,N‐diethyl‐3‐methylbenzamide (DEET) is widely used as an insect repellent; however, little is known about its mode of action. On the other hand, nitric oxide (NO) participates in the olfaction transduction pathway of insects. In this work, nitroso‐acetyl‐cysteine (SNAC), a nitric oxide donor, or dibutyril‐cyclic‐GMP (db‐cGMP), the cyclic nucleotide analog, were applied on fifth instar nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus before exposing them to DEET, to obtain information about the possible role of NO/cGMP system in the olfaction process. In the first place, we exposed the nymphs to several DEET concentrations (70, 700, 1,750, and 3,500 μg/cm2). All these concentrations produced a repellent effect. A decrease in repellency during the course of the experiment was observed when the nymphs were exposed to high concentrations of DEET (700 and 1,750 μg/cm2), suggesting an adaptation phenomenon. The pre‐treatment of the insects with 15 μg /insect of SNAC or 2 μg/insect of db‐cGMP produced a reduction of the repellency. An increase in locomotor activity was observed in insects exposed to 350 or 700 μg/cm2 DEET. Although exposure to 70 μg/cm2 DEET produced a high repellency response, it did not modify the insects' locomotor activity. Insects treated with two doses of SNAC before being exposed to 350 μg/cm2 of DEET showed no differences in locomotor activity compared to controls. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 67:1–8, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experiments with transitive dictionary translation and pseudo‐relevance feedback using graded relevance assessments
Authors: Lehtokangas Raija , Keskustalo Heikki , Järvelin Kalervo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this article, the authors present evaluation results for transitive dictionary‐based cross‐language information retrieval (CLIR) using graded relevance assessments in a best match retrieval environment. A text database containing newspaper articles and a related set of 35 search topics were used in the tests. Source language topics (in English, German, and Swedish) were automatically translated into the target language (Finnish) via an intermediate (or pivot) language. Effectiveness of the transitively translated queries was compared to that of the directly translated and monolingual Finnish queries. Pseudo‐relevance feedback (PRF) was also used to expand the original transitive target queries. Cross‐language information retrieval performance was evaluated on three relevance thresholds: stringent, regular, and liberal. The transitive translations performed well achieving, on the average, 85–93% of the direct translation performance, and 66–72% of monolingual performance. Moreover, PRF was successful in raising the performance of transitive translation routes in absolute terms as well as in relation to monolingual and direct translation performance applying PRF.
Assessment of Contamination Characteristics in Waters of the Kütahya Plain, Turkey
Authors: Kavaf Nuray , Nalbantcilar M. Tahir 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe contamination characteristics of surface water and groundwaters in the Kütahya plain, one of the most important plains in Turkey, are investigated. In this region, waters of the Porsuk river are used by thousands of people in the city of Eskisehir. A total of 44 spring, river and groundwater samples collected from the region were analyzed for their Ag, Al, As, B, Br, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, U and Zn contents. A wastewater treatment plant, solid waste disposal site, industrial areas, agricultural activities and aquifers composed of metalliferous rocks are the main pollutants in the study area. It was determined that various elements in spring, river and groundwaters result in different degrees of contamination. According to EPA (2003) standards, all the waters exceed the maximum contaminant level. These waters are carried by the Porsuk river to the Eskisehir basin, and the resulting situation creates a serious health problem for people who live in the cities of Kütahya and Eskisehir.
Impact of childhood cancer on parental employment and sources of income: A Canadian pilot study
Authors: Limburg Heather , Shaw Amanda K. , McBride Mary L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundLoss of income and out of pocket expenses related to childhood cancer care can account for over 25% of a family's total disposable income, adding to the stress of facing a life‐threatening disease. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the impact of childhood cancer on employment and sources of income within families.ProcedureA retrospective postal‐administered questionnaire was used to collect information from parents of children diagnosed with cancer before 20 years of age between 1990 and 1996 in the province of British Columbia (n = 111).ResultsAmong full or part‐time employed parents, 64% of mothers and 16% of fathers left their job after their child's diagnosis. The large majority of parents who left their jobs were away for less than 1 year (65% of mothers; 78% of fathers) and nearly all were able to return to the same job if they chose to do so (80% of mothers; 89% of fathers). Parents with children <10 years of age at diagnosis and those with leukemia were most likely to take leave from their jobs. There was considerable change in sources of income between the time of diagnosis and survey with more families relying on employment insurance, social assistance or other financial support at diagnosis. Reliance on sources of income other than salary decreased with time since diagnosis.ConclusionsIt appears that the diagnosis of childhood cancer may cause an important but short‐term impact on the employment and income sources of affected families. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:93–98. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gekoppelte molekulare Schalter
Authors: Repp Jascha , Liljeroth Peter , Meyer Gerhard 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAuf der Suche nach immer kleineren elektronischen Geräten greifen die Wissenschaftler nach einzelnen Molekülen als elektronische Bauteile. Naphthalocyanin‐Moleküle eignen sich als molekulare Schalter, die man – anders als die bisher bekannten molekularen Schalter – untereinander koppeln kann.
Wellenringe auf der Wasseroberfläche lassen tief blicken
Authors: Schlichting H. Joachim 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOb ein Stein oder ein Tropfen auf eine Wasseroberfläche fällt, macht insofern keinen Unterschied, als in beiden Fällen Systeme von Ringwellen entstehen. Und doch “erzählen” die Ringe in beiden Fällen eine etwas andere physikalische Geschichte.
Die Primelemente des Maschinenbaus
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSeine erste große wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichung schreibt er großteils von der Tafel ab: Als Student hört er Vorlesungen bei Ferdinand Redtenbacher, einem Urgestein des Maschinenbaus, und verwendet dessen Tafelbilder, didaktisch in neue Formen gegossen, flott für eine eigene “Konstruktionslehre für den Maschinenbau”. Die gibt er mit gerade mal 25 Jahren zusammen mit einem Kommilitonen heraus.
Magnetische Wirbel in Festkörpern
Authors: Van Aken Bas B. , Fiebig Manfred 
Published: December 2007

AbstractForschern der Universitäten Bonn und Genf und des Berliner Max‐Born‐Instituts ist es gelungen, die Domänen eines vierten ferroischen Ordnungszustands optisch nachzuweisen. Dieser wird als Ferrotoroidizität bezeichnet und beschreibt die einheitliche Anordnung magnetischer Wirbel. Ferrotoroidische Materialien können Quelle starker magnetoelektrischer Effekte sein und die Manipulation magnetischer Eigenschaften durch elektrische Felder ermöglichen.
Synthesis, self‐assembly and adsorption of PEO–PLA block copolymers onto colloidal polystyrene
Authors: Murphy Karen A. , Eisenhauer Jessica M. , Savin Daniel A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA series of amphiphilic block copolymers composed of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(lactide) were synthesized and their solution properties studied using static and dynamic light scattering. These materials self‐assemble in aqueous media with the hydrodynamic radius increasing with increasing hydrophobic fraction in the copolymer. To ascertain the potential for use of these materials as degradable coatings in delivery applications, block copolymers of varying compositions were adsorbed onto a series of colloidal polystyrene particles with varying radii, and the thickness of the adsorbed layer was determined from changes in the hydrodynamic size. The adlayer thicknesses ranged from 3 to 14 nm with varying block copolymer compositions, and colloid radii. The trends fit well with theoretical models for adlayer thickness, with the exception of the smallest colloids. In these systems, we propose that the colloids may become encapsulated into the block copolymer assembly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 244–252, 2008
Exhaled nitric oxide for monitoring childhood asthma inflammation compared to sputum analysis, serum interleukins and pulmonary function
Authors: Paro‐Heitor Maria Luisa Z. , Bussamra Maria Helena C.F. , Saraiva‐Romanholo Beatriz M. , Martins Milton A , Okay Thelma Suely , Rodrigues Joaquim Carlos 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe level of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is significantly elevated in uncontrolled asthma and decreases after anti‐inflammatory therapy. The aim of this prospective study was to analyze the behavior of FENO in the follow‐up and management of the inflammation in asthmatic pediatric patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), compared to sputum cellularity, serum interleukins (IL), and pulmonary function. Twenty‐six clinically stable asthmatic children aged from 6 to 18 years, previously treated or not with ICS were included. Following an international consensus (GINA), the patients were submitted to standard treatment with inhaled fluticasone for 3 months according to the severity of the disease. During this period, each patient underwent three assessments at intervals of approximately 6 weeks. Each evaluation consisted of the measurement of FENO, determination of serum interleukins IL‐5, IL‐10, IL‐13, and interferon γ (INF‐γ), spirometry and cytological analysis of spontaneous or induced sputum. A significant reduction in mean FENO and IL‐5, without concomitant changes in FEV1, was observed along the study. There was no significant correlation between FeNO and FEV1in the three assessments. A significant correlation between FeNO and IL‐5 levels was only observed in the third assessment (r = 0.499,P = 0.025). In most patients, serum IL‐10, IL‐13, and INF‐γ concentrations were undetectable throughout the study. Sputum samples were obtained spontaneously in 11 occasions and in 56 by induction with 3% hypertonic saline solution (success rate: 50.8%), with 39 (69.9%) of them adequate for analysis. Only two of the 26 patients produced adequate samples in the three consecutive evaluations, which impaired the determination of a potential association between sputum cellularity and FeNO levels throughout the study. In conclusion, among the parameters of this study, it was difficult to perform and to interpret the serial analysis of spontaneous or induced sputum. Serum interleukins, which remained at very low or undetectable levels in most patients, were not found to be useful for therapeutic monitoring, except for IL‐5 that seems to present some correlation with levels of FeNO exhaled. Monitoring of the mean FEV1indicated no significant variations during the treatment, demonstrating that functional stability or the absence of obstruction may not reflect the adequate management of asthma. Serial measurement of FeNO seemed to best reflect the progressive anti‐inflammatory action of ICS in asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:134–141. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Counting alleles in single lesions of prostate tumors from ethnically diverse patients
Authors: Morikawa Aki , Varma Vijay , W. Gillespie Theresa , Lyles Robert H. , Goodman Michael , Bostick Roberd M. , Mandel Jack S. , Zhou Wei 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe presence of racial disparities in incidence and mortality rates are well‐documented for prostate cancer. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether such disparities are due to genetic alterations that are involved in prostate cancer initiation. Here, we evaluated chromosome 8p allelic loss in a racially diverse cohort.METHODSLaser‐capture microdissection was used to isolate tumors cells from individual lesions in 153 prostate cancer patients, and 8p allelic status was determined by “counting alleles.” Statistical analyses examined the association between pathologic predictors and biochemical recurrence.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSThirty percent of prostate lesions were missing an 8p allele at tumor initiation, while 51% of lesions lost an 8p allele during tumor progression. Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy could be reliably predicted by surgical margin status only in lesions with extensive 8p allelic loss. There was, however, no racial disparity in 8p allelic loss at tumor initiation or during tumor progression, suggesting that the molecular event involved was similar between Caucasians and Africa Americans (CA and AA). Nonetheless, racial differences were present in values of prognostic factors for recurrence. Gleason score was the most important predictor of recurrence (HR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.1, 9.2) in AA, while among CA, pathologic stage (HR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.5, 7.6) and surgical margin (HR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.8, 12.6) were the most important. Therefore, racial disparity in prostate cancer may be due to other factors that are involved in prostate cancer development. Prostate 68: 231–240, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.