bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
User involvement in the nursing curriculum: seeking users' views1
Authors: RUDMAN M. J. 
Published: February 2008

User involvement in the nursing curriculum: seeking users' viewsThis qualitative study considers the views of users of mental health services on a pre‐registration nursing curriculum. Semistructured group interviews were used to gain the (illustrative of twenty members of two user groups on nursing knowledge, skills and qualities.Interest in users' views has generally been belated or reluctant. In more recent literature, statements emerge about the need to develop a climate of respect, acceptance and sensitivity. While nurses have a central role in mental health care, a detailed examination from the user's perspective has been lacking. Despite the rhetoric of involvement, commentaries on nursing practice suggest little has changed.Findings suggest an eclectic knowledge base that respects individual differences and the user's experience, knowledge of local communities, and better recognition of physical illness is required. ‘Knowledge of life’ is seen as important. An emphasis on interpersonal skills is suggested, including flexible responses, information‐giving, and sensitive handling of tense situations. This should be balanced against ‘practical’ nursing. Traditional teaching in relation to ‘psychotic’ experiences is challenged. It is suggested that caring should be emphasized as much as ‘rational knowledge’. Developing responsive qualities that minimize ‘distancing’ may demand a reevaluation of boundaries between user and professional.
Activation pattern of the limbic system following spatial learning under stress
Authors: Kogan Inna , Richter‐Levin Gal 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAnatomical evidence suggests an interplay between the dorsal CA1 of the hippocampus (CA1), the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the entorhinal cortex (EC), but their specific interactions in the context of emotional memory remain obscure. Here, we sought to elucidate the activation pattern in these areas following spatial learning under different stress conditions in the Morris water maze, using cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) activation as a marker. Stress levels were manipulated by maintaining the water maze at one of two different temperatures: lower stress (warm water) or higher stress (cold water). Three groups of animals were tested under each condition: a Learning group, trained in the water maze with a hidden escape platform; a No‐Platform group, subjected to the maze without an escape platform; and a Naïve group. To evaluate the quality of the spatial memory formed, we also tested long‐term memory retention of the initial location of the platform following an interference procedure (reversal training). In the CA1 and EC, we found different CREB activation patterns for the lower‐ and higher‐stress groups. By contrast, in the BLA a similar pattern of activation was detected under both stress levels. The data reveal a difference in the sensitivity of the memory to interference, with reversal training interference affecting the memory of the initial platform location only under the higher‐stress condition. The results suggest that stress‐dependent alterations in limbic system activation patterns underlie differences in the quality of the memory formed.
Stellar explosions powered by the Blandford–Znajek mechanism
Authors: Barkov Maxim V. , Komissarov Serguei S. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
In this Letter, we briefly describe the first results of our numerical study on the possibility of magnetic origin of relativistic jets of long-duration gamma-ray bursters within the collapsar scenario. We track the collapse of massive rotating stars on to a rotating central black hole using axisymmetric general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code that utilizes a realistic equation of state of stellar matter, and takes into account the cooling associated with emission of neutrinos and the energy losses due to dissociation of nuclei. The neutrino heating is not included. We describe the solution for one particular model where the progenitor star has magnetic field B= 3 × 1010 G. The solution exhibits strong explosion driven by the Poynting-dominated jets whose power exceeds 2 × 1051 erg s−1. The jets originate mainly from the black hole, and they are powered via the Blandford–Znajek mechanism.
Duration of untreated negative symptoms and duration of active negative symptoms: proof of concepts
Authors: Murphy Brendan P. , Stuart Antonia H. , McGorry Patrick D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAim: Negative symptoms are responsible for enormous burden in schizophrenia; yet they remain under‐recognized and under‐treated. There is mounting evidence that early intervention is crucial and that response to treatment falls away with chronicity. Current measures of illness duration fail to adequately capture the true time course of negative symptoms and new concepts are required to correct this and to focus clinical attention. The aim of this paper is to introduce accurate measures of negative symptom duration.Methods: Two new concepts, the duration of untreated negative symptoms (DUNS) and the duration of active negative symptoms (DANS), were trialled in a first‐episode sample with primary negative symptoms.Results: The new measures were easy to calculate and more accurately reflected the total duration of negative symptoms than currently available measures. The mean duration of untreated psychosis was 23 weeks, whereas the DUNS was 93.79 weeks.Conclusions: Applicability of the concepts needs confirming by replication with a larger cohort. Introduction of these concepts may have widespread implications for the timely and efficient treatment of negative symptoms and the reduction of the total burden of illness of schizophrenia within society.
Formal analysis of recognition scenes in theOdyssey
Authors: Gainsford Peter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractType-scenes have been studied and analysed for over seventy years. This paper presents a more detailed analysis of one type-scene, the ‘recognition scene’, than has previously been attempted, with the aim of moving towards a better-structured understanding of the ‘syntax’ of type-scenes generally. The structure of the recognition scene is dissected into motifs and ‘moves’, all of which are tabulated; this is the core of the analysis. The ensuing points of clarification elaborate on the definitions and assumptions built into the analysis. Following this is an assessment of the ‘syntax’ and quantifiable elements of the recognition scene. The discussion closes with a general assessment of the more literary face of recognition scenes, discussing them in the context of the plan of the second half of theOdyssey.
Deconvolution of supersmooth densities with smooth noise
Authors: Butucea Cristina 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe author considers the estimation of the common probability density of independent and identically distributed random variables observed with added white noise. She assumes that the unknown density belongs to some class of supersmooth functions, and that the error distribution is ordinarily smooth, meaning that its characteristic function decays polynomially asymptotically. In this context, the author evaluates the minimax rate of convergence of the pointwise risk and describes a kernel estimator having this rate. She computes upper bounds for the L2 risk of this estimator.
Triangular numbers and perfect squares
Authors: Beldon Tom , Gardiner Tony 
Published: February 2008

The nth triangular number is defined to be the sum of the first n positive integers:Thus In a letter to Mersenne in 1638 [1, p. 61], Fermat claimed that every positive integer can be written as a sum of at most three triangular numbers. This remarkable result was eventually proved by Gauss in 1796, at the age of 19.
Expression de l'Agressivité et Processus de Médiation dans la Socialisation de l'Enfant Wolof (Sénégal)
Authors: Zempleni-Rabain J. 
Published: February 2008

Opening ParagraphAen croire les documents anciens, l'histoire des Wolof jusqu'à la conquête coloniale aurait surtout consisté en une succession de pillages, de razzias, de révoltes, d'usurpations sur un territoire divisé en plusieurs royaumes et en état de guerre quasi-permanent. Pour échapper aux razzias des mercenaires ceddo, nombre de paysans badolo se sont convertis à l'Islam et regroupés derrière des marabouts par l'acte de ‘Jibulu’, serment d'allégeance. Pourtant à l'heure actuelle, les Wolof offrent l'image d'une société relativement paisible. Ce que l'opinion publique occidentale considère généralement comme des indices d'agressivité sociale—la criminalité, la délinquance—semble peu développé. Les suicides comme les meurtres sont relativement rares. Des combats d'antan, on ne trouve plus que les compétitions sportives et parmi elles, seule la lutte sénégalaise (lamba) semble susciter quelque intérêt. Il faut encore préciser ce qu'est la lutte sénégalaise. Ses séances se déroulent de la manière suivante: après des heures d'attente pendant lesquelles on parle, les lutteurs (mbör) arrivent, équipés d'un arsenal magique spécifique, avec leurs assistants (suhö) sur un rythme de tambour qui leur est propre. Ils exécutent alors une chorégraphie étrange qui consiste en des simulacres de gestes de saisir, d'attraper qui sont à mi-chemin entre la danse et le simulacre d'empoignade. Les assistants du mbör font les mêmes gestes que lui. Au bout d'un certain temps, se produit la lutte proprement dite, très courte, au terme de laquelle, sans que le spectateur européen comprenne pourquoi, l'un des protagonistes est proclamé vainqueur.
Pastors and Prophets in Winneba, Ghana: their Social Background and Career Development
Authors: Wyllie R. W. 
Published: February 2008

Opening ParagraphThe town of Winneba is situated on the coast of Ghana some forty miles west of Accra and fifty miles east of Cape Coast. It is the seat of the paramount chief (Omanhene) of the Effutu people and was formerly an important seaport providing storage and loading facilities for cocoa produce. Since the construction of modern harbours at Takoradi and Tema, however, Winneba's maritime importance has declined. With a population of over 25,000, its major sources of income are fishing and farming and it also serves as a market centre for the people of the local area.
Is subtribe Solidagininae (Asteraceae) monophyletic?
Authors: Beck James B. , Nesom Guy L. , Calie Patrick J. , Baird Gary I. , Small Randall , Schilling Edward L.E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAs currently delimited, Solidagininae are a large (approximately 190 species) subtribe of tribe Astereae. Recent molecular and morphological studies have prompted a new definition of the subtribe, but the lack of absolute morphological synapomorphies raises the possibility that this assemblage may not be monophyletic. Cladistic and likelihood­based analyses were conducted on a nuclear rDNA ITS sequence dataset derived from 23 of the 24 genera included in recent Solidagininae circumscriptions. Cladistic analyses identified two clades entirely composed of proposed Solidagininae genera. The data were not able to support deeper relationships, and these two clades might or might not form one monophyletic lineage. Topology testing indicated compatibility between the taxonomic definition of Solidagininae and molecular data.
Nomenclature of Soldanella L. (Primulaceae)
Authors: Zhang Li-Bing , Kadereit Joachim W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFollowing a revision of Soldanella, we here synonymize 109 non­hybrid names of this genus. We also lectotypify or neotypify 17 names of Soldanella. These are S. alpina L., S. alpina F. W. Schmidt, S. alpina L. var. carestiae Cristofolini et Pignatti, S. alpina L. f. major Cristofolini et Pignatti, S. austriaca Vierh., S. carpatica Vierh., S. marmarossiensis Kldst., S. minima Hoppe, S. minima Hoppe subsp. samnitica Cristofolini et Pignatti, S. minima Hoppe f. latifolia Cristofolini et Pignatti, S. montana Mikan, S. montana Willd., S. montana Willd. subsp. faceta Kress, S. occidentalis Vierh., S. pusilla Baumg., S. pusilla Baumg. f. calcicola Vierh., and S. pusilla Baumg. var. chrysosplenifolia J. Murr.
Typification of Linnaean plant names in Boraginaceae
Authors: Cafferty Steve , Jarvis Charles E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractLectotypes, neotypes and epitypes are designated by 14 specialists for 42 previously untypified Linnaean plant names belonging to the family Boraginaceae. These newly proposed types support the current usage of the names concerned. Earlier but ineffective or supersedable type statements are discussed.
Pterogoniadelphus M. Fleisch., the correct name for Felipponea Broth. (Leucodontaceae)
Authors: Ochyra Ryszard , Zijlstra Gea 
Published: February 2008

AbstractEven though it has been generally accepted that the generic name Felipponea Broth. (Bryophyta, Leucodontaceae) was validly published in 1912, this appears not to be the case, due to the lack of a generic description. The subsequent description of this genus in 1925 by Brotherus in the second edition of the Musci in Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien created a superfluous name because in the meanwhile the genus Pterogoniadelphus M. Fleisch. was established in 1917 to accommodate the same species, Cladomnion montevidense Müll. Hal., and this generic name has priority. Three new combinations, P. assimilis (Müll. Hal.) Ochyra & Zijlstra, P. esquirolii (Thér.) Ochyra & Zijlstra and P. hollermayeri (Thér.) Ochyra & Zijlstra, are proposed.
Linnaean nomenclature in the 21st Century: a report from a workshop on integrating traditional nomenclature and phylogenetic classification
Authors: Barkley Theodore M. , DePriest Paula , Funk Vicki , Kiger Robert W. , Kress W. John , Moore Gerry 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAs a follow­up to the 2001 Smithsonian Botanical Symposium, in late June of 2002 a group of 15 taxonomists took part in a Workshop entitled "Linnaean Nomenclature in the 21st Century" at the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation in Pittsburgh to discuss integrating phylogenetic information into the current systems of naming plants, animals, and microorganisms. The Hunt Group included a diversity of taxonomists, including traditional and phylogenetic practitioners as well as authorities on the current codes and end­users of nomenclatural rules. The discussion ranged from identifying problems and possible solutions to devising strategies for implementing change. It was concluded that the central problems revolve around the concepts of (1) circumscribing taxa, (2) hierarchical ranking, and (3) the use of binomials. In a critical article­by­article examination of the current edition of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature it was found that only 14 of the total 62 articles (plus appendices) are relevant to whether or not classification is phylogenetic. Furthermore, each of these potentially problematic articles is either amenable to conveying phylogenetic information or neutral to phylogenetic considerations. There is nothing in the current Linnaean nomenclature that prevents cladistic information from being incorporated into the naming procedure. We suggest that a major effort is needed to educate the botanical community as well as lay persons on the implications and use of these pertinent articles in phylogenetic nomenclature.
Neotypification of Prunus recurviflora Koehne (Rosaceae)
Authors: Aymard C. Gerardo A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDuring the elaboration of a treatment of Rosaceae for the Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, a new species of Prunus L. (P. lichoana Aymard), closely related to P. recurviflora Koehne, was discovered. A search for type material of P. recurviflora to assist in the interpretation of this new species was unsuccessful; therefore a neotype is designated for P. recurviflora, a species previously described from Colombia.
Typification of Linnaean plant names in Caryophyllaceae
Authors: Cafferty Steve , Jarvis Charles E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractLectotypes, neotypes and epitypes are designated by 20 specialists for 45 previously untypified Linnaean plant names belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. These newly proposed types support the current usage of the names concerned. Earlier but ineffective or supersedable type statements are discussed.
The demise of the name Astragalus tenellus Pursh (Fabaceae)
Authors: Reveal James L. , Gandhi Kanchi N. , Nicolson Dan H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRupert Barneby (1964) expressed “doubts of the legality” in adopting “Astragalus tenellus Pursh” (1813) over A. multiflorus (Pursh) A. Gray (1864). His concern was justified since Pursh invalidated his own name when he simultaneously published Ervum multiflorum (the basionym of A. multiflorus) on a different page in the same work and cited “A. tenellus” in synonymy. By the time Astragalus tenellus Pursh ex E. Sheld. (1894) was validly published, it was a later homonym as well as superfluous. Given the status of A. tenellus Bunge (1869), the name of an Old World species in current use, conservation of A. tenellus Pursh ex E. Sheld. is unlikely, and we recommend adoption of A. multiflorus for the North American plant.
Solvent‐impregnated resins as an in situ product recovery tool for phenol recovery from Pseudomonas putida S12TPL fermentations
Authors: van den Berg Corjan , Wierckx Nick , Vente Johan , Bussmann Paul , de Bont Jan , van der Wielen Luuk 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe sustainable production of fine/bulk chemicals is often hampered by product toxicity and inhibition to the producing micro‐organisms. Consequently, the product must be removed from the micro‐organisms' environment. To achieve this, so‐called solvent‐impregnated resins (SIRs) as well as commercial resins have been added to a Pseudomonas putida S12TPL fermentation that produces phenol as a model compound from glucose. The SIRs contained an ionic liquid which extracts phenol effectively. It was observed that the addition of these particles resulted in an increased phenol production of more than a fourfold while the commercial resin (XAD‐4) which is widely used in aromatic removal from aqueous phases, only gave a 2.5‐fold increase in volumetric production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 466–472. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiplex bacterial growth monitoring in 24‐well microplates using a dual optical sensor for dissolved oxygen and pH
Authors: Kocincová Anna S. , Nagl Stefan , Arain Sarina , Krause Christian , Borisov Sergey M. , Arnold Matthias , Wolfbeis Otto S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNon‐invasive, simultaneous optical monitoring of oxygen and pH during bacterial cultivation in 24‐well microplates is presented using an integrated dual sensor for dissolved oxygen and pH values. The dual sensor is based on oxygen‐sensitive organosilica microparticles and pH‐sensitive microbeads from a polymethacrylate derivative embedded into a polyurethane hydrogel. The readout is based on a phase‐domain fluorescence lifetime‐based method referred to as modified frequency domain dual lifetime referencing using a commercially available detector system for 24‐well microplates. The sensor was used for monitoring the growth of Pseudomonas putida bacterial cultures. The method is suitable for parallelized, miniaturized bioprocessing, and cell‐based high‐throughput screening applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 430–438. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In situ protein folding and activation in bacterial inclusion bodies
Authors: Gonzalez‐Montalban Nuria , Natalello Antonino , García‐Fruitós Elena , Villaverde Antonio , Doglia Silvia Maria 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRecent observations indicate that bacterial inclusion bodies formed in absence of the main chaperone DnaK result largely enriched in functional, properly folded recombinant proteins. Unfortunately, the molecular basis of this intriguing fact, with obvious biotechnological interest, remains unsolved. We have explored here two non‐excluding physiological mechanisms that could account for this observation, namely selective removal of inactive polypeptides from inclusion bodies or in situ functional activation of the embedded proteins. By combining structural and functional analysis, we have not observed any preferential selection of inactive and misfolded protein species by the dissagregating machinery during inclusion body disintegration. Instead, our data strongly support that folding intermediates aggregated as inclusion bodies could complete their natural folding process once deposited in protein clusters, which conduces to significant functional activation. In addition, in situ folding and protein activation in inclusion bodies is negatively regulated by the chaperone DnaK. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 797–802. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth and storage processes in aerobic granules grown on soybean wastewater
Authors: Ni Bing‐Jie , Yu Han‐Qing 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAerobic granules in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) are subjected to alternative feast and famine conditions, and are able to take up carbon substrate in wastewater rapidly and to store it as intracellular storage products when the substrate is in excess. This phenomenon could not be described by the widely used activated sludge model No.3 (ASM3). In this work, taking adsorption process, microbial maintenance, and substrate diffusion into account, the simultaneous growth and storage processes occurring in an aerobic‐granule‐based SBR are investigated with experimental and modeling approaches. A new model is established and successfully validated with the experimental results of an SBR fed with soybean‐processing wastewater. Simulation results show that our approach is appropriate for elucidating the fates of major model components. Comparison between ASM3 and the model established in this work demonstrates that the latter is better to describe the substrate removal mechanisms and simultaneous growth and storage processes in aerobic granules. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 664–672. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of mechanical properties of transgenic tobacco roots expressing a recombinant monoclonal antibody against tooth decay
Authors: Hassan Sally , Liu Wei , Ma Julian K‐C. , Thomas Colin R. , Keshavarz‐Moore Eli 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this article, we describe a new approach that allows the determination of the magnitude of force required to break single plant roots. Roots were taken from transgenic tobacco plants, expressing a secreted monoclonal antibody. They were divided into four key developmental stages. A novel micromanipulation technique was used to pull to breakage, single tobacco roots in buffer in order to determine their breaking force. A characteristic uniform step‐wise increase in the force up to a peak force for breakage was observed. The mean breaking force and mean work done were 101mN and 97µJ per root respectively. However, there was a significant increase in breaking force from the youngest white roots to the oldest, dark red–brown roots. We speculate that this was due to increasing lignin deposition with root stage of development (shown by phloroglucinol staining). No significant differences between fresh root mass, original root length, or mean root diameter for any of the root categories were found, displaying their uniformity, which would be beneficial for bioprocessing. In addition, no significant difference in antibody yield from the different root categories was found. These data show that it is possible to characterise the force requirements for root breakage and should assist in the optimisation of recombinant protein extraction from these roots. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 803–809. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.