bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative bleeding in transoral laser microsurgery for upper aerodigestive tract tumors
Authors: Salassa John R. , Hinni Michael L. , Grant David G. , Hayden Richard E. 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesTo report the incidence, cause, and outcome of bleeding after transoral laser microsurgery.Study DesignA two‐center prospective case series analysis.Subjects and MethodsSeven hundred one patients underwent transoral laser microsurgery for tumors of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx from June 1996 through September 2006.ResultsTen patients (1.4%) experienced postoperative bleeding between 0 and 17 days after surgery. Five patients had previously untreated tumors, and five patients had salvage surgery. Two patients (0.3%) had minor bleeding and required observation only. Five patients (0.7%) experienced major bleeding requiring exploration under general anesthesia. Three patients (0.4%) had catastrophic life‐threatening bleeds, two of whom died. The bleeding vessel was identified as the lingual artery in four patients, the superior laryngeal artery in two, the facial artery in two, and unknown in two.ConclusionsBleeding after transoral laser microsurgery is rare but potentially life‐threatening.
Evaluation of submucosal minimally invasive lingual excision technique for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Friedman Michael , Soans Rohit , Gurpinar Berk , Lin Hsin‐Ching , Joseph Ninos 
Published: August 2008

ObjectiveSubmucosal minimally invasive lingual excision (SMILE) is a novel approach to address hypopharyngeal obstruction. This study compares the efficacy, morbidity, and complications of this technique to radiofrequency reduction of the tongue base (RFBOT), the current standard in minimally invasive tongue base reduction.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of data extracted from a prospective database.MethodsNinety‐six patients who underwent SMILE (n = 48) or RFBOT (n = 48) were studied. Efficacy and safety of the procedures were compared on the basis of polysomnography results, morbidity measures, and complications.ResultsPatients in both groups demonstrated a significant reduction in the apnea/hypopnea index. Success rates for SMILE and RFBOT were 64.6 percent and 41.7 percent, respectively (P = 0.024). SMILE, however, was associated with increased morbidity and complications.ConclusionIn a comparable surgical protocol for obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome, SMILE technique for tongue base reduction demonstrated increased efficacy over RFBOT but resulted in more complications. Additional experience with the procedure may reduce complications and increase overall efficacy.
Six Sigma tympanostomy tube insertion: Achieving the highest safety levels during residency training
Authors: Isaacson Glenn 
Published: August 2008

ObjectiveTo evaluate a protocol designed to avoid complications during tympanostomy tube insertion by residents.DesignTen‐year consecutive cases series by a single surgeon supervising residents.SettingTertiary children's hospital.PatientsChildren 6 weeks to 21 years.InterventionResidents followed a defined protocol for tube insertion. A resident operated until the tube was placed or he/she committed one major or two minor errors.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence of 1) major complications: profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), injury to major vascular structures, or disruption of the ossicular chain; and 2) minor complications: tube loss into the middle ear, tympanic membrane tears, or tube occlusion by blood clot.ResultsThere were no major complications in 10,000 tube insertions. Two children had unilateral profound SNHL; both were found to have Mondini malformations. Five tubes were recovered from the middle ear. Eight tympanic membrane tears healed with gelatin patches. Three tubes were occluded by blood clots.ConclusionBy following a defined protocol, major complications of a common operation can be reduced to the five‐sigma level and minor complications minimized.
Vocal outcome measures after bilateral posterior cricoarytenoid muscle botulinum toxin injections for abductor spasmodic dysphonia
Authors: Klein Adam M. , Stong Benjamin C. , Wise Justin , DelGaudio John M. , Hapner Edie R. , Johns Michael M. 
Published: August 2008

ObjectiveTo review vocal outcome measures, using the Voice Related Quality of Life (VRQOL) index, after simultaneous bilateral posterior cricoarytenoid muscle botulinum toxin injections.Study DesignCase series.SettingTertiary care academic clinic.Subjects and MethodsFourteen subjects with abductor spasmodic dysphonia received 37 simultaneous bilateral posterior cricoarytenoid muscle botulinum toxin injections for isolated abductor spasmodic dysphonia (ABSD) over a 16‐month period.Main Outcome MeasuresVRQOL index.ResultsOf the 37 injections, 33 of 37 (89%) resulted in improvement. Three injections resulted in no improvement, and one injection resulted in a worse VRQOL. The overall VRQOL mean improvement was 19.8 (range 5–53), with an average pre/postinjection VRQOL interval of 36 days (range 21–45 days).CONCLUSIONSSimultaneous bilateral posterior cricoarytenoid muscle botulinum injections result in a statistically significant improvement in VRQOL index scores for a high percentage of ABSD patients, thus improving patient quality of life.
Interexaminer agreement of Friedman tongue positions for staging of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Friedman Michael , Soans Rohit , Gurpinar Berk , Lin Hsin‐Ching , Joseph Ninos J. 
Published: August 2008

ObjectiveTo determine if strong interexaminer agreement exists in identifying Friedman tongue positions (FTPs) for staging of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Study Design and MethodsTwenty‐six digital video clips of oropharyngeal examinations were prepared to demonstrate FTPs I through IV. Specific parameters for each FTP were provided to 126 examiners (otolaryngology residents, attendings, and fellows). The video clips were then presented to the examiners to determine the FTP. Kappa statistical analysis was used to evaluate the degree of intergrader agreement or disagreement.ResultsA generalized kappa statistic of 0.8 is considered the upper limits of substantial agreement. Thus, the overall kappa value (0.82) as well as all the subgroup kappa values for attendings (0.84), fellows (0.87), and residents (0.84) represented “Very good” agreement.ConclusionThe strong interexaminer correlation of FTP demonstrated by this study indicates that FTP may be a useful adjunct in describing hypopharyngeal anatomy in patients with OSAHS.© 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Clinical experience with symptomatic superior canal dehiscence in a single neurotologic practice
Authors: Teixido Michael T. , Artz Gregory J. , Kung Brian C. 
Published: August 2008

ObjectiveTo discuss the range of signs and symptoms of patients with superior canal dehiscence syndrome identified in a single neurotologic practice.Study DesignRetrospective chart review of 35 patients diagnosed with superior canal dehiscence from April 2000 to June 2007.ResultsAll patients had evidence of superior canal dehiscence on computed tomography. These 35 patients represented 0.56% of new patients seen over a five‐year period. The incidence of clinical symptoms and signs is compared to other published series. The mean vestibular evoked myogenic potential thresholds of affected ears are significantly lower than the mean vestibular evoked myogenic potential thresholds of unaffected ears. To date, 5 of 35 patients have undergone transmastoid occlusion of the superior semicircular canal with significant improvement in clinical symptoms in 4 of 5 cases.ConclusionNot all patients with a diagnosis of superior canal dehiscence syndrome will have classic symptoms and signs. A high index of suspicion with careful clinical examination and properly performed ancillary testing is required to confirm this diagnosis.© 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Use of computerized manometry for the detection of pharyngoesophageal spasm in tracheoesophageal speech
Authors: Chone Carlos Takahiro , Seixas Vinicius O. , Paes Lucia A. , Gripp Flavio M. , Teixeira Cristiane , Andreollo Nelson A. , Spina Ana L. , Quagliato Elizabeth , Barcelos Irene K.H. , Crespo Agricio N. 
Published: August 2008

ObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of computerized manometry (CM) to identify pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) spasm during tracheoesophageal speech.Study DesignProspective clinical, controlled study.Subjects and MethodsIntraluminal pressures of the PES were collected in 12 tracheoesophageal speakers without spasm and 8 tracheoesophageal speakers with PES spasm before and after localized injection of botulinum toxin to the PES. All subjects underwent voice analysis and videofluoroscopy in addition to CM before and after treatment.ResultsAll tracheoesphageal speakers with PES spasm presented with mean intraluminal pressures greater than 16 mmHg (mean, 25.36 mmHg). In contrast, mean intraluminal pressures of subjects without spasm was 11.76 mmHg (P < 0.05). The negative predictive value associated with the use of 16 mmHg as a threshold value for spasm was 100%.ConclusionCM is a clinically useful tool to aid in speech rehabilitation for tracheoesophageal speakers. Intraluminal pressures of greater than 16 mmHg was highly predictive for PES spasm.© 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
The changes of MRSA infections in chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Park Moo Kyun , Jung Myung Ho , Kang Hee Joon , Woo Jeong‐Soo , Lee Heung‐Man , Jung Hak Hyun , Hwang Soon Jae , Chae Sung Won 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesTo investigate the epidemiologic and microbiological characteristics of community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MRSA) and hospital‐acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA‐MRSA) infections in the otorrhea of chronic suppurative otitis media (COM) patients.DesignRetrospective study of patients with newly identified MRSA infections from January 1998 through December 2006. A total of 2773 patients with a diagnosis of COM were included in this study. An antibiotic sensitivity test was performed for each isolate.ResultsThe prevalence of MRSA in COM was 4.9 percent (137 of 2773 patients). The proportion of CA‐MRSA rose from 0.7 percent in 1998 to 11.4 percent in 2006. However, the proportion of HA‐MRSA did not change significantly, from 0.7 percent in 1999 to 1.3 percent in 2006. All of the CA‐MRSA strains identified in our study were susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Rifampin susceptibility was also noted in 90 percent of the cases.ConclusionsCA‐MRSA infections have risen dramatically in the past decade. CA‐MRSA and HA‐MRSA in COM differed in both clinical and microbiological aspects. © 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Cat‐scratch disease of the head and neck in a pediatric population: Surgical indications and outcomes
Authors: Munson Patrick D. , Boyce Thomas G. , Salomao Diva R. , Orvidas Laura J. 
Published: August 2008

ObjectiveTo identify the presentation of pediatric patients with head and neck manifestations of cat‐scratch disease, one of the most common causes of subacute or chronic lymphadenitis in children, and to determine surgical indications and outcomes.Study DesignCase series.Subjects and MethodsAll pediatric patients from infancy to age 19 years who presented with clinical symptoms of cat‐scratch disease and had an IgG serological test result of more than 1:128 for Bartonella henselae.ResultsNine patients had cat‐scratch disease of the head and neck. Median age at presentation was 4 years; median time from symptom onset to presentation was 20 days. Six (67%) children underwent surgical procedures, and median time from presentation to surgical procedure was 43 days.ConclusionDespite conservative treatment, a minority of pediatric patients with cat‐scratch disease may require surgical drainage of abscess and removal of lymph nodes. Surgical treatment provides tissue for diagnosis, is generally well tolerated, affords improved recovery, and has minimal complications. © 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
A comparison of the effects of botulinum toxin A and steroid injection on nasal allergy
Authors: Yang Tae Yong , Jung Yoon Gun , Kim Young Hyo , Jang Tae Young 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesTo compare the effects of botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) with intranasal steroid injections on nasal symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).Study DesignA randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐blinded clinical trial (patients were blinded).Material and MethodsThirty‐nine patients were included in the study. AR was diagnosed by means of history, clinical examination, and skin prick test. Patients were randomly divided into three subgroups as follows: in group A, 25 units of BTX‐A were injected into each inferior turbinate (total 50 units); in group B, 1 cc (20 mg/mL) of triamcinolone was injected into each inferior turbinate; and in group C, 1 cc of isotonic saline was injected as placebo. The symptoms of AR were scored by the patient on a six‐point scale.ResultsAt all time points, group A was significantly better than group C. In the nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea scores, group A was significantly better than group B after 8 weeks.ConclusionBTX‐A may provide better AR symptom relief in terms of duration and degree than a steroid injection.© 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Complex Sentence Comprehension and Working Memory in Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Montgomery James W. , Evans Julia L. 
Published: August 2008

Purpose
This study investigated the association of 2 mechanisms of working memory (phonological short-term memory [PSTM], attentional resource capacity/allocation) with the sentence comprehension of school-age children with specific language impairment (SLI) and 2 groups of control children.

Method
Twenty-four children with SLI, 18 age-matched (CA) children, and 16 language- and memory-matched (LMM) children completed a nonword repetition task (PSTM), the competing language processing task (CLPT; resource capacity/allocation), and a sentence comprehension task comprising complex and simple sentences.

Results
(1) The SLI group performed worse than the CA group on each memory task; (2) all 3 groups showed comparable simple sentence comprehension, but for complex sentences, the SLI and LMM groups performed worse than the CA group; (3) for the SLI group, (a) CLPT correlated with complex sentence comprehension, and (b) nonword repetition correlated with simple sentence comprehension; (4) for CA children, neither memory variable correlated with either sentence type; and (5) for LMM children, only CLPT correlated with complex sentences.

Conclusions
Comprehension of both complex and simple grammar by school-age children with SLI is a mentally demanding activity, requiring significant working memory resources.
Phonotactic Probabilities at the Onset of Language Development: Speech Production and Word Position
Authors: Zamuner Tania S. 
Published: August 2008

Purpose
To examine the role of phonotactic probabilities at the onset of language development, in a new language (Dutch), while controlling for word position.

Method
Using a nonword imitation task, 64 Dutch-learning children (age 2;2–2;8 [years;months]) were tested on how they imitated segments in low- and high-phonotactic probability environments, in word-initial and word-final position. The relationship between phonological representations and vocabulary development was examined by comparing children’s performance with their receptive and expressive vocabularies.

Results
Segments in high-phonotactic probability environments were at an advantage in production, in both word-initial and word-final position. Significant correlations were found between vocabulary size and children’s mean segment repetition accuracy for word-initial position, but not in word-final position.

Conclusion
The results indicate that phonological representations are mediated not only by children’s developing vocabularies but also by the structure of children’s emerging lexicons.
Age 17 Language and Reading Outcomes in Late-Talking Toddlers: Support for a Dimensional Perspective on Language Delay
Authors: Rescorla Leslie 
Published: August 2008

Purpose
This study examined whether late talkers identified at 24–31 months continued to have weaker language and reading skills at 17 years of age than typically developing peers.

Method
Language and reading outcomes at 17 years of age were examined in 26 children identified as late talkers with normal nonverbal ability and normal receptive language at intake and in 23 typically developing children matched at intake on age, socioeconomic status (SES), and nonverbal ability.

Results
Although late talkers performed in the average range on all language and reading tasks at 17 years of age, they obtained significantly lower Vocabulary/Grammar and Verbal Memory factor scores than SES-matched peers. The age 17 Vocabulary/Grammar factor had large correlations with the age 17 Verbal Memory and Reading/Writing factors. The age 17 Vocabulary/Grammar and Reading/Writing factors were strongly predicted by comparable factors at 13 years of age. Age 2 Language Development Survey (L. Rescorla, 1989) vocabulary score explained 17% of the variance in the age 17 Vocabulary/Grammar and Verbal Memory factors.

Conclusions
Results suggest that slow language development at 24–31 months is associated with a weakness in language-related skills into adolescence relative to skills manifested by typically developing peers—findings that are consistent with a dimensional perspective on language delay.
Accuracy Assessment for AG500, Electromagnetic Articulograph
Authors: Yunusova Yana , Green Jordan R. , Mefferd Antje 
Published: August 2008

Purpose
The goal of this article was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the AG500 (Carstens Medizinelectronik, Lenglern, Germany), an electromagnetic device developed recently to register articulatory movements in three dimensions. This technology seems to have unprecedented capabilities to provide rich information about time-varying positions of articulators. However, strengths and weaknesses of the system need to be better understood before the device is used for speech research.

Method
Evaluations of the sensor positions over time were obtained during (a) movements of the calibration device, (b) manual movements of sensors in a cartridge within the recording field of the cube, and (c) various speech tasks.

Results
Results showed a median error to be under 0.5 mm across different types of recordings. The maximum error often ranged between 1 and 2 mm. The magnitude of error depended somewhat on the task but largely on the location of the sensors within the recording region of the cube.

Conclusion
The performance of the system was judged as adequate for speech movement acquisition, provided that specific steps are taken for minimizing error during recording and for validating the quality of recorded data.
Predictors of Print Knowledge in Children With Specific Language Impairment: Experiential and Developmental Factors
Authors: McGinty Anita S. , Justice Laura M. 
Published: August 2008

Purpose
Many children with specific language impairment (SLI) demonstrate delays in print knowledge, yet the reasons for these delays are not well understood. The present study investigates the degree to which developmental risk factors and home literacy experiences predict the print knowledge of children with SLI.

Method
Direct child measures, maternal reports, and observations from 41 mothers and their preschool-aged children with SLI assessed child language and attentional difficulties, family socioeconomic status, the frequency and quality of home literacy, and children’s print knowledge.

Results
Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that individual differences in children’s oral language abilities did not explain individual variability in print knowledge. The quality of home literacy was the only significant predictor of print knowledge, but its influence was moderated by children’s attentional difficulties.

Conclusions
Findings reveal that language difficulty is not an adequate explanation for the print knowledge delays of children with SLI and suggest that literacy experiences may play an important role in the print knowledge attainment of children with SLI. The quality of home literacy appears to foster print knowledge by compensating for attentional difficulties in children with SLI but is not sufficient to promote print knowledge in children with SLI without attentional difficulties.
Effect of Tongue Exercise on Protrusive Force and Muscle Fiber Area in Aging Rats
Authors: Connor Nadine P. , Russell John A. , Wang Hao , Jackson Michelle A. , Mann Laura , Kluender Keith 
Published: August 2008

Purpose
Age-related changes in tongue function may contribute to dysphagia in elderly people. The authors' purpose was to investigate whether aged rats that have undergone tongue exercise would manifest increased protrusive tongue forces and increased genioglossus (GG) muscle fiber cross-sectional areas.

Method
Forty-eight young adult, middle-aged, and old Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats received 8 weeks of tongue exercise. Protrusive tongue forces were measured before and after exercise. GG muscle fiber cross-sectional area was measured in exercised rats and was compared with cross-sectional areas in a no-exercise control group.

Results
A significant increase in maximum tongue force was found following exercise in all age groups. In addition, a trend for increased GG muscle fiber cross-sectional area and a significant increase in variability of GG muscle fiber cross-sectional area was identified postexercise.

Conclusion
The findings of this study have implications for treatment of elderly persons with dysphagia using tongue exercise programs. Specifically, increases in tongue force that occur following 8 weeks of progressive resistance tongue exercise may be accompanied by alterations in tongue muscle fiber morphology. These changes may provide greater strength and endurance for goal-oriented actions associated with the oropharyngeal swallow and should be investigated in future research.