bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Measurement of Heat Release from Oxygen Consumption in Sooty Fires
Authors: Brohez S. , Delvosalle C. , Marlair G. , Tewarson A. 
Published: March 2007

This paper is a further contribution to the development of practi cal relationships based on oxygen consumption calorimetry to calculate the rate of heat release (RHR) in fires. The measurement of the RHR based on oxygen consumption was promoted in the 1980s. Previous workers introduced and as sessed the significance of adequate correction factors to take into account in completeness of combustion as reflected by carbon monoxide release. This paper focuses on materials releasing large amounts of soot in combustion. Classical oxygen consumption relationships are reviewed to derive adequate calculation procedures integrating the soot contribution. An analysis 1Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sylvain.brohez@fpms. ac.be of the significance of the suggested soot correction factor is discussed through theoretical considerations as well as from results of lab-scale experiments.
Public library buildings: a semiotic analysis
Authors: Wagner Gulten S. 
Published: March 2007

Public library buildings are often an outcome of the complex political and social processes of planning. This complex decision-making pro cess is a binary system involving the following agents : the local and state authorities, librarians and pro fessional library organisations. There is full agreement on the part of the state and the profession al associations that the public library buildings should carry sig nifiers of solidarity with the com munity (i.e., accessibility, openness, etc.). The survey with 46 executive librarians indicates the standards produced by these authorities are not able to alter the logic of the organising principles of the built environment regarding formal institutions. Taking the example of Perth, Western Australia, public library buildings were examined by applying semiotic methods. Semiotics by separating the expres sion (or the signifiers such as acces sibility and signage of a building) from the content (or the signified such as solidarity or lack of it) pro vided the necessary research tools for this analysis.
Information acquisition by users of hospital libraries: a comparison of Brazil and the UK
Authors: de C. Mendes H.M. , Meadows A.J. 
Published: March 2007

The acquisition of relevant, up-to-date information is clearly of prime impor tance to medical staff. Though there have been numerous medical informa tion user studies, only a few have involved the observation of medical personnel as they are actually in the process of acquiring information. A form of participant-observation is employed here to examine the problems of medical staff acquiring information from formal sources located in hospital libraries. A teaching hospital library and two non-teaching hospital libraries have been studied in the UK along with three comparable hospital libraries in Brazil. The results indicate that information requirements and library use in the two countries are distinctly similar, but the process of acquisition is affect ed by the differing information environment. Medical staff adapt to the ambient information environment as best they can. In fact, respondents in Brazil express only two major reservations — regarding the currency of information and the language of delivery — which do not appear in UK responses. Though transfer of innovatory practices from the UK to Brazil is therefore feasible (and desirable) in human terms, it is necessarily limited by the resources available.
Workship and the Spirit of Action
Authors: Chatterjee Debashis 
Published: March 2007

This paper identifies the field of work as an adventure of consciousness and uses a new phrase to describe it—WORKSHIP, work as worship. Based primarily on the classical psycho-philosophy of India, laid down in the vedantic literature, this model of workship attempts a shift in paradigm from the Greek concept of work as 'ponos' or pain to a liberating dimension of work, the ultimate aims of which are ananda (bliss) and mukti (freedom). Examining the various elements that constitute workship, the author comes up with the fourfold paths of workship: discipline, righteousness, sacrifice and transcendence, and analyses them in detail. Finally, the paper argues that workship has the potential to unfold man's latent spirituality for a sustainable world order. 1. Rene Fonere; 'Krishnamurti and Modern Thought', in The Mind of J. Krishnamurti (New Delhi: Jaico Publishing House, 1971), p. 170. 2. Willis Harman and John Hormann; Creative Work: The Constructive Role of Business in a Transform ing Society (Indianapolis: Knowledge Systems, Inc., 1993), p. 13. 3. S.K. Chakraborty Management by Values (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 166. 4. Sri Aurobindo; 'Right Attitude in Work', quoted in All India Magazine (Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Society, April 1991), p. 5. 5. Ibid., p. 32 6. 'The Meaning of Work', in Man, Work and Society, ed. William Nosow and William H. Form (New York: Basic Books Publishing Company Inc., 1962), p. 18. 7. Wayne W. Dyer; You Will See It When You Believe It (London: Arrow Books, 1989), p. 41. 8. 'The Meaning of Work' (see n. 6 above), p. 4. 9. Ibid., p. 35. 10. Swami Gambhirananda; 'Taitiriya Upanishad', in Eight Upanishads (Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama, 1977), Vol. 1, p. 392. 11. Jyoti Sobel and Prem; The Hierarchy of Minds—A Compilation from the Works of Sri Aurobindo and The Mother (Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Publication Department, 1991), p. 55. 12. Ibid., p. 69. 13. Ibid., p. 76. 14. Ibid., Introduction, p. XIII. 15. World Scripture: A Comparative Anthology of Sacred Texts, ed. Andrew Wilson (New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1993). 16. Chakraborty, Management by Values (n. 3 above), p. 164. 17. Swami Vivekananda; Pearls of Wisdom (Calcutta: The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, 1988), p. 202. 18. The Selected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, ed. Shri man Narayan (Ahmedabad: Navajivan Trust, 1968), Vol. 4, Chapter 3. 19. Sri Aurobindo; The Message of the Gita (Pondi cherry : Sri Aurobindo Ashram, 1977), p. 80. 20. World Scripture (n. 15 above), p. 638. 21. Ibid., p. 620. 22. Ibid. 23. Ronald Robertson; Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture (London: Sage Publications, 1992), p. 93.
The Ethical Significance of Corporate Teleology
Authors: Singer Daniel D. , Smith Raymond 
Published: March 2007

The most common corporate reaction to public concern over the ethics of their business practices and the sensitivity of their organization to social expectations is to promote policies and rules designed to bring about a set of socially responsive behaviours and actions. The result of this corporate deontological approach is to create a teleopathic culture that relieves decision makers from the personal responsibil ity for the consequences of their actions and widens the gap between how society expects business to behave and their actual behaviour. The corporate use of a deontological approach effectively allows the substitution of corporate conscience for the moral values of individual decision makers and thus weakens the linkage between individual personal values and behaviour. The creation of teleopathological behaviour in an organization is explored through a juxtaposition of the parables of the Sadhu and the Good Samaritan. The consequences of teleopathic behaviour are then illustrated through an examination of Dow Corning's silicon gel product liability case.
Medievality and the Chinese sense of History
Authors: Brook Timotfiy 
Published: March 2007

The concept of a medieval period is problematic for China. Europeans formulated it after the medieval period was over, to identify a past they felt they had transcended, whereas the Chinese did not regularly periodise the past in this way. A few writers made use of 'middle periods' to organise the past, but congruence between their and the European model is never more than coincidence. The approach taken in this article is, instead, to ask whether the Chinese, prior to the twentieth century, developed a sense of history capable of qualitatively discriminating between present and past in the way, or to the degree, that allowed Europeans to 'discover' their medieval period? Using criteria inspired by Peter Burke's study of Renaissance historio graphy, this article notes that Chinese historians by the seventeenth century, and in some respects long before, met and even surpassed the standards that Burke sets for a self-conscious sense of the past, but without generating a medieval period. Critical skills in history improved over time, but they were not linked to the sort of transformation suggested for Renaissance Europe. That Chinese historians did not 'find' a medieval period indicates that the medieval may be little more than an ideological category in the service of the European teleology of the modern. It also signals the difficulty of establishing a specific category of medievality to which all parts of the world can be related. Rather than generalising the concept of medievality, comparative historians of the medieval period might be better advised to look outward from Europe and become conscious of synchronic trends and events elsewhere if they wish to build a more global understanding of what happened in medieval Europe and the world.
Extended Enterprise Engineering—A Model-Based Framework
Authors: Szegheo Orsolya , Petersen Sobah Abbas 
Published: March 2007

This paper describes the ideas behind an enterprise model-based framework for extended enterprise engineering. The frame work includes an extended enterprise engineering methodology, a reference model and a supporting environment for extended enter prise engineering. It covers the complete lifecycle of the extended enterprise. The approach is based on Active Knowledge Modeling and utilizes the experience of other enterprise modeling and enterprise engineering initiatives, such as GERAM. The uniqueness of the framework is achieved through the graphical representation and the user interface. It is modeled in an environ ment called METIS, which is a software product dedicated for enterprise modeling. The paper presents the objective of the framework and describes the main skeleton of the extended enterprise engineering framework. The ideas described in this paper came out of the enterprise modeling work done in the Globeman21 project.
Integrated Engineering Environments for Large Complex Products
Authors: Coates G. , Ritchey I. , Duffy A.H.B. , Hills W. , Whitfield R.I. 
Published: March 2007

An introduction is given to the Engineering Design Centre at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, along with a brief explana tion of the main focus towards large made-to-order products. Three key areas of research at the Centre, which have evolved as a result of collaboration with industrial partners from various sectors of industry, are identified as (1) decision support and optimisation, (2) de sign for lifecycle, and (3) design integration and co-ordination. A summary of the unique features of large made-to-order products is then presented, which includes the need for integration and co-ordination technologies. Thus, an overview of the existing integration and co ordination technologies is presented followed by a brief explanation of research in these areas at the Engineering Design Centre. A more detailed description is then presented regarding the co-ordination aspect of research being conducted at the Engineering De sign Centre, in collaboration with the CAD Centre at the University of Strathelyde. Concurrent Engineering is acknowledged as a strategy for improving the design process, however design co-ordination is viewed as a principal requirement for its successful implementation. That is, design co-ordination is proposed as being the key to a mechanism that is able to maximise and realise any potential opportunity of concurrency. Thus, an agent-oriented approach to co-ordination is presented, which incorporates various types of agents responsible for managing their respective activities. The co-ordinated approach, which is implemented within the Design Co-ordination System, in cludes features such as resource management and monitoring, dynamic scheduling, activity direction, task enactment, and information management. An application of the Design Co-ordination System, in conjunction with a robust concept exploration tool, shows that the computational design analysis involved in evaluating many design concepts can be performed more efficiently through a co-ordinated approach.
Integrating Concurrent Engineering Concepts in a Steelwork Construction Project
Authors: Anumba C.J. , Baldwin A.N. , Bouchlaghem D. , Prasad B. , Cutting-Decelle A.F. , Dufau J. , Mommessin M. 
Published: March 2007

The aim of this paper is to present a methodology for integrating Concurrent Engineering (CE) concepts in a steelwork con struction project. Differences between construction sector and manufacturing sector are first reviewed through the description of the specificities of the construction sector in terms of organisations and main features projects. The second part presents an integrated product and process model currently developed by the authors (ProMICE project). CE con cepts are introduced according to a two axes methodology, a first axis describing the "working method" and a second providing a way of representing "CE knowledge" through the description of CE specificity. This axis also defines a way of "translating" those concepts into the generic representation of the model. One objective of the ProMICE project is to identify changes needed by this transition from the traditional approach towards CE ap proach, then to represent them, in the domain of steelwork construction.
CoDE: A Cooperative Design Environment— A New Generation of CAD Systems
Authors: Roucoules Lionel , Tichkiewitch Serge 
Published: March 2007

According to conceptual changes on design methodology, this paper presents some research results on a new generation of CAD systems. This new software has not been used to achieve automatic design tasks. On the contrary, it has to make part of an inte grated design environment. A cooperative design modeler is then presented as a support for cooperative and integrated design methodology in this design envi ronment. It mainly allows every design actor to share a unique database owing to a formal exchange network. The modeler provides a graphic interface to add, edit, or modify data. Moreover, the modeler manages the shared database in order to realize heavy design tasks as data propagation or data coherence management. The presented modeler takes place in the global design environment connected to specific applications based on specific design tasks (process planning, structure analysis). An informal communication network worthwhile in any design group including human actors also assists the cooperative design modeler.
Concurrent Engineering Projects Supported by the European Commission's ESPRIT Programme and Future Trends
Authors: Fan Ip-Shing , Filos Erastos 
Published: March 2007

The European Commission ESPRIT (European Strategic Programme for Research in Information Technology) Programme has been supporting Concurrent Engineering (CE) related projects since the 1980s. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of the substantial research done within this programme and provide pointers for the international CE community to access the research projects. This paper presents the views of a European expert group on the changes in industrial and research context in the CE area and high light current challenges. A tabulation of ESPRIT R&D projects in CE to January 1999 is presented to provide a quick index of research projects. The projects are analysed with reference to industrial sectors and project foci. The paper finishes with a brief comparison of the relevant activities at the wider international research and industrial application context. 3CORDIS: Community Research and Development Information Service, http:// www.corids.lu/home.html.
Career Assessment and The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire
Authors: Schuerger J.M. 
Published: March 2007

A client taking a personality questionnaire responds to a series of self-descriptive questions. Someone has described the process as "a self-administered interview." Interpretation of the scores is based on comparison of the individual's responses with those of some general population. As I see it, using a personality questionnaire for occupational assessment is similar to the basic interpretation described above, except that the individual is being compared to one or more occupational groups in addition to the general population. The client has answered a series of questions about self in some particular circumstance: prejob, career advisement, midlife change, early retirement, college-major choice, and so forth. The counselor compares the client's scores to known occupational group profiles, sometimes with known job relatedness in mind. This article was written with such occupational interpretation in mind. The first five sections are (a) the instrument, (b) psychometrics, (c) test-taking attitude, (d) cross-cultural and gender-related findings, and (e) research base. These are followed by the meat of my presentation, sections on Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF; Cattell, Eber, & Tatsuoka, 1970) 16PF occupational profiles, relationship of 16PF factors with Holland variables, typical criterion relationships, general interpretive suggestions, and suggestions for interpreting high and low 16PF scores. I also present a brief description of relevant computer interpretations of the 16PF. Long-time users of the 16PF are accustomed to the varying terms for the 16 factors and the 5 global factors on this instrument. The names have changed from time to time. I have tried to keep my use of terminology consistent with that of the most recent version, the Fifth Edition.
Self-Development Groups in Industry- What Actually Happens
Authors: Temporal Paul 
Published: March 2007

This article describes the stages and processes involved in- the life of a Self-Development Group and gives an insight into the kind of learning that can take place, and its relevance for managers, in Self-Development Group activities. Written by Paul Temporal — now an independent consultant who established Self-Development Groups 18 months ago in a multinational company — it contains unedited written comments and reflections (inset) from Martin Hayhurst, a Senior Production Manager with the Company, who indicates what it is like to be a member of such a Group.
Ways of working: CCNs and chronic illness
Authors: Carter Bernaddette 
Published: March 2007

■ The study explored the role/skills used by CCNs caring for children with chronic illness. ■ A participant inquiry paradigm was used and data were generated using semi-structured interviews supported by extensive field notes. ■ All the CCNs described the special relationship with the children and their families which was characterised by deep understanding of current and future needs. ■ The CCNs emphasised 'ways of working' which involved high degrees of trust, flexibility, support, reflexivity and empowerment. ■ CCNs help families regain, maintain and develop control over their lives.
A day in the life of a children's nurse
Authors: Scott Philomena M. 
Published: March 2007

■ Practice development posts have evolved in the past decade since the demise of the Clinical Nurse Manager role. ■ The Practice Development Adviser supports and facilitates clinical practice innovations with the aim of improving the quality of patient-focused care. ■ Clinicians are encouraged to utilise ward- based clinical developments as an integral part of a course leading to academic qualifications. ■ This article shares examples of clinical practice developments facilitated for a group, an individual clinician and on-going innovations.
Review : Health implications of modern childhood
Authors: Richman Joel , Kidmore David S 
Published: March 2007

■ Childhood has undergone many reconstructions since its 'recognition' in the 18th century. ■ The medicalized child is rooted in eugenics, political economy and professional interests and has implication for practice. ■ The modern child is now viewed as a stakeholder in a political sense. ■ Childhood requires recognition in a 'health' sense if it is to survive as a category. ■ Different medical expectations and models of childhood are likely to evolve.
Drawing together hope: 'listening' to militarised children
Authors: Miles Glenn M. 
Published: March 2007

■ Art can be used as both a therapeutic tool and a communication tool. ■ Art has been used with refugees/militarised children but has tended to focus on their pathology. ■ Art in this study was used to explore children's hopes for their future. ■ Children talk more when they are/have drawn what they are trying to describe. ■ Art can be used to understand children's world-view and explore their beliefs and opinions.
Review : Nurturing a child's spirituality
Authors: Pfund Rita 
Published: March 2007

■ Nurturing a child's spirituality should be an integral part of holistic care. ■ The concept of spirituality is linked to the child's cognitive, social, psycho-sexual and moral development. ■ Knowledge of childhood spirituality can help to support children coping with traumatic life-events. ■ The expression of beliefs and feelings that encompass spirituality can be facilitated through literature and music and through other strategies. ■ Educators need to empower professionals to have the awareness, emotional resources and skills to ensure that they can be spiritually supportive
Review : Enteral feeding: a change in practice
Authors: Anderson Claire 
Published: March 2007

■ There is an unacceptably high incidence of malnutrition in PICU. ■ The delivery of nutritional support requires a structured approach. ■ Early enteral feeding has been shown to reduce the stress response. ■ Implementing a change in practice involves identification of resources, objectives and motivation for change. ■ A randomised retrospective audit of the change in practice did demonstrate the value of earlier commencement of enteral feeding. ■ Informal interviews with practitioners suggested improved practice and knowledge.
Reflections on the development of CHASE Children's Hospice Service
Authors: Menezes Antoinette 
Published: March 2007

■ The tasks along the way to developing a children's hospice service are examined. ■ CHASE Children's Hospice Service aims to establish a network of care for life-limited and life- threatened children, young people and their families. ■ The services will be provided for families living mainly in SW London, Surrey and parts of West Sussex. ■ They will comprise a source of palliative and respite care for the children and their families in their own homes (community care), backed-up by a respite care service in the related hospice at Artington, near Guildford (Christopher's).