bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Hydraulically Fractured Wells in Full Field Reservoir Simulation Model
Authors: Gataullin Timur 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Many methods of fractured well representation in simulation model are known. Some of them are too complex to use in large simulation model where more then one well are fractured, some don't represent a fractured well behaviour. In this work a choise of a fractured well representation in simulation model have been proceded from the practical point of view. A method of fractured well simulation model assessment in situation with lacking production history was created. It is based on comparison of productivity and transient pressure behaviour with results of analytical model of Cinco-Ley and Samaniego.
The Straddle Packer Application as a Way to Reduce Multi-zone Fracturing Cycle Duration
Authors: Pestrikov A. V. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Grigorichev D. B. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Nowadays, hydraulic fracturing is one of the most effective ways of low-permeability layered reservoirs management. About half of the oil reserves, remained in Western Siberia today, are concentrated in such reservoirs. The field experience and engineering calculations show that without fracturing the largest part of this oil would be left in the Earth forever. That is why we can classify hydraulic fracturing as a method of oil recovery enhancement.
The reduction of multi-zone fracturing time cycle is an important part of asset management and cost optimization for the large multi-layer oil fields developing with the help of hydraulic fracturing.
Application of Low Frequency Passive Seismic Technology for Hydrocarbon Exploration at Complicated Subsurface Structures
Authors: Irrnyakov Eugene , Mikhailov Sergy , Khabibullin Ilnur 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
In last several years there is an increasing interest in phenomenon of low frequency (1-10Hz) spectral anomalies above the hydrocarbon reservoirs. The practical application of this phenomenon is an opportunity for a direct hydrocarbon exploration. In this paper we report the preliminary results of the Low Frequency Passive Seismic survey, which have been performed in Russian Federation, Republic of Tatarstan (Volga-Urals oil province) in the eastern board of the Mellikesskaya hollows. The subsurface structure of the survey area is complicated by Visean ridges, Bobrikovian sediments of terrigenous facies with excellent productivity properties. At such complicated structures the conventional seismic fails, so the Low Frequency Passive Seismic Technology has been chosen as an exploration tool. Using high-sensivity broadband seismometers we have performed a registration of seismic wave field at 64 points of the survey area. To estimate the production properties of an oil saturated area we have calibrated spectral properties of seismic signal at points, penetrated by wells. There is an excellent agreement of the survey results with five new wells, which has been drilled after the survey, so the Low Frequency Passive Seismic Technology also can be applied at complicated subsurface structures where conventional seismic fails.
LINEAR ARRAY Human Papillomavirus Genotyping Test Amenable to Automation by Implementation of GT-Blot 48 – A Pilot Study
Authors: Schmid Michael , Schalasta Gunnar , Speicher Andrea , Enders Gisela 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus is associated with the development of
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and a key factor in progression to invasive cancer. The Linear Array HPV genotyping
test (LA) is a valuable diagnostic tool enabling type-specific detection of DNA from 37 anogenital high- and low-risk
HPV genotypes. Its value, however, is hampered by the underlying labour-intensive manual line blot technology. This
study was designed to improve the suitability of LA in routine use by implementing the GT-Blot 48 instrument as an alternative
instead of using the proposed manual detection protocol.

Methods:
Automation of LA processing was evaluated by comparing GT-blot 48 processed strips to the manufacturer recommended
manual protocol. For type-specificity we compared the performance of GT-blot 48 processed strips with that
of PapilloCheck, another PCR-based HPV typing assay. Furthermore, the performance of HPV DNA detection by GTblot
48 processed strips to that by Hybrid Capture 2 (hr-HC2) assay was compared, using samples from 122 women attending
routine cervical examination.

Results:
GT-blot 48 processed strips and the manual method demonstrate equal performance. The overall agreement of
HPV prevalence between automated LA and PapilloCheck was 96.6% (kappa = 0.92). A 91.2% concordance was observed
between automated LA and hr-HC2 (kappa = 0.82).

Conclusions:
Automated LA processing is a valuable alternative to the manual method. Results are highly comparable
with those obtained by hr-HC2 and PapilloCheck. Implementation of GT-blot 48 is a reliable easy-to-use format, which
offers increased time efficiency and the additional benefit of high-throughput with standardized processing.
The incidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Type II in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage treated with heparin versus enoxaparin
Authors: Kim Grace H. , Hahn David K. , Kellner Christopher P. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Starke Robert , Garrett Matthew C. , Yao Jiang , Cleveland Justin , Mayer Stephan A. , Connolly E. Sander 
Published: October 2008

Object
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Type II (HIT II) is a serious complication that occurs in 0.2–3% of patients treated with heparin and is associated with a high risk of thrombotic events. One center recently reported an incidence of HIT II of 15% in a population of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Because these patients are typically exposed to heparin during angiography, controversy exists regarding whether prophylaxis with enoxaparin rather than heparin affords any reduction in the risk of developing HIT II. In this study, the authors investigated the effect of heparin compared with enoxaparin on the incidence of HIT II in patients with aSAH.

Methods
The authors reviewed the medical records of 300 patients treated for aSAH who received thromboprophylaxis with either heparin or enoxaparin, and identified patients who developed HIT II. The incidences of HIT II in the 2 treatment groups were then compared.

Results
One hundred sixty-six patients with aSAH were treated with heparin, and 134 patients were treated with enoxaparin. Sixteen (5.3%) of 300 patients met the diagnostic criteria for HIT II. Of those treated with heparin, 8 (4.8%) of 166 developed HIT II, compared with 8 (6%) of 134 treated with enoxaparin (difference not significant).

Conclusions
The authors report a lower incidence of HIT II in patients with aSAH than has previously been reported. The data also suggest that patients with aSAH who receive heparin are at no greater risk of developing HIT II than those who receive enoxaparin. This finding challenges the merit of choosing enoxaparin rather than heparin for thromboprophylaxis in patients with a SAH.
Relationship between supratentorial arachnoid cyst and chronic subdural hematoma: neuroradiological evidence and surgical treatment
Authors: Domenicucci Maurizio , Russo Natale , Giugni Elisabetta , Pierallini Alberto 
Published: October 2008

Object
Arachnoid cysts are relatively common congenital intracranial mass lesions that arise during the development of the meninges. They can be complicated by the formation of an ipsilateral chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) after minor cranial trauma. Treatment of these coexisting conditions remains controversial. In this study the authors describe the anatomical, clinical, and neuroradiological features and outcome in a series of patients whose CSDH associated with arachnoid cysts were managed surgically by draining the hematoma alone and leaving the cyst intact. The authors based this surgical management on histological and neuroradiological observations concerning these associated medical conditions.

Methods
A series of 8 patients with CSDHs associated with arachnoid cysts underwent surgery to drain the hematoma though a bur hole. The arachnoid cyst was left intact. Postoperative follow-up included CT scanning and T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging.

Results
Clinical, anatomical, and radiological observations suggest that because separate membranes cover arachnoid cysts and the related hematoma, arachnoid cysts remain unaffected by the subdural bleeding. In the present study, these observations received support from the neuroimaging appearances, suggesting that arachnoid cysts related to hematoma contained only blood breakdown products from the hematoma that had filtered through the reciprocal dividing membranes.

Conclusions
Arachnoid cysts associated with SDH are anatomically separate conditions whose neurological symptoms respond to surgical drainage of the CSDH alone.
Is the distance between mammillary bodies predictive of a thickened third ventricle floor?
Authors: Iaccarino Corrado , Tedeschi Enrico , Rapanà Armando , Massarelli Ilario , Belfiore Giuseppe , Quarantelli Mario , Bellotti Alfredo 
Published: October 2008

Object
The aim of this study was to correlate intraoperative endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) findings in hydrocephalic patients with the MR imaging appearance of the mammillary bodies (MBs), the fundamental anatomical landmarks of the third ventricle floor (TVF) region.

Methods
The authors reviewed brain MR images and intraoperative ETV records in 23 patients with hydrocephalus as well as MR imaging data from 120 randomized control volunteers of various ages to define the normal intermammillary distance (IMD).

Results
In control volunteers, no measurable IMD (“kissing” configuration) was observed in 91 (85%) of 107 cases, and there was mild MB splitting (mean ± standard deviation, 0.18 ± 0.12 cm) in only 16 cases with age-related cerebral atrophy. Among the 21 patients with complete MR imaging and ETV data sets, 12 ETV procedures were hindered by anatomical anomalies such as a thickened TVF or an “upward ballooning” phenomenon. On preoperative MR imaging in these 12 patients, there was an increased IMD (0.55 ± 0.41 cm) compared with that in the remaining 9 patients (0.27 ± 0.25 cm) who had a normal thin TVF during ETV and in the control group (0.03 ± 0.08 cm). Magnetic resonance imaging and ETV data concordantly displayed nonsplit MBs in 6 of 9 cases with a thin TVF and split MBs in 10 of 12 cases with a thick TVF.

Conclusions
The normal configuration of MBs is no measurable IMD, with mild splitting occurring in patients with age-related brain atrophy. In hydrocephalic patients, a thickened TVF was present almost exclusively with an increased IMD on preoperative MR imaging and separated MBs on endoscopic viewing. Large retrospective series are needed to confirm that a preoperative increased IMD is predictive of a thickened TVF during ETV.
The role of a single nucleotide polymorphism of MDM2 in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Khatri Rina G. , Navaratne Kapila , Weil Robert J. 
Published: October 2008

Object
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, with a 5-year survival rate of < 5%. Aberrant function of TP53 is common in GBM. Although mutational inactivation of p53 is found in many cases, there remain tumors in which genetic alterations of p53 are absent. Negative regulators of the TP53 pathway such as MDM2, which directly inhibits TP53 expression and activity, may influence the pathogenesis of GBM. To understand its potential function in gliomagenesis, the authors analyzed a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MDM2 promoter that enhances MDM2 expression.

Methods
The investigators isolated DNA from 98 patients with GBM and 102 healthy, cancer-free controls. A polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to determine the MDM2 SNP309 genotype by using distinct primer pairs for the wild-type (T) and mutant (G) alleles.

Results
The frequency of the mutant MDM2 polymorphism was found to be higher (p = 0.0092) in patients with GBM (54.6%) compared with healthy controls (41.2%); the TT and GG genotypes were more common in healthy controls and patients with GBM (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.02, respectively). Although there was no association between the MDM2 SNP309 and overall survival, the GG genotype was associated with development of GBM at a younger age in patients with tumors harboring wild-type p53, which may mitigate the effect of the MDM2 SNP.

Conclusions
Although the MDM2 SNP309 does not portend decreased survival, the increased incidence of the mutant G allele in patients with GBM and its influence on age of onset suggest a potential role in the molecular pathogenesis of GBM, and may be a therapeutic target.
Brainstem glioma progression in juvenile and adult rats
Authors: Liu Qing , Liu Ran , Kashyap Meghana V. , Agarwal Rajnee , Shi Xiang'en , Wang Chung-cheng , Yang Shao-Hua 
Published: October 2008

Object
Brainstem gliomas are common in children and have the worst prognosis of any brain tumor in this age group. On the other hand, brainstem gliomas are rare in adults, and the authors of some clinical studies have suggested that this lesion behaves differently in adults than in children. In the present study, the authors test an orthotopic C6 brainstem glioma model in juvenile and adult rats, and investigate the biological behavior of this lesion in the 2 age groups.

Methods
The C6 glioma cells were stereotactically implanted into the pons of juvenile or adult male rats. Neurological presentation and survival time were recorded. Tumor proliferation and the number of apoptotic cells in brainstem gliomas of young and adult rats were determined by immunohistochemical staining with Ki 67 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate-mediated nick-end labeling assay.

Results
Striking differences in the onset of neurological signs, duration of symptoms, survival time, tumor growth pattern, tumor proliferation, and number of apoptotic cells were found between the gliomas in the 2 groups of rats. The lesions were relatively focal in adult rats but more diffuse in young rats. Furthermore, brainstem gliomas in adult rats were less proliferative and had more apoptotic cells than those in young rats.

Conclusions
The authors found that the C6 brainstem glioma model in young and adult rats closely imitates the course of brainstem glioma in humans both in neurological findings and histopathological characteristics. Their findings also suggest that the different growth pattern and invasiveness of these lesions in children compared with that in adults could be due to different cellular environments in the 2 age groups, and warrants further investigation into the difference in the host response to brainstem gliomas in children and adults.
Convection-enhanced delivery of polyethylene glycol–coated liposomal doxorubicin: characterization and efficacy in rat intracranial glioma models
Authors: Kikuchi Toshio , Saito Ryuta , Sugiyama Shin-ichirou , Yamashita Yoji , Kumabe Toshihiro , Krauze Michal , Bankiewicz Krystof , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: October 2008

Object
The characteristics of polyethylene glycol–coated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), the only liposomal drug now clinically available for intravenous injection, were investigated after convection-enhanced delivery (CED) into the rat brain parenchyma.

Methods
The distribution, tissue retention, and toxicity profile were evaluated after CED into the rat brain parenchyma. The antitumor efficacy was also determined in rodent intracranial U-251MG and U-87MG glioma models.

Results
Convection-enhanced delivery of PLD achieved wider distributions and delayed onset of toxicity in the brain parenchyma compared with CED of free doxorubicin infusion. Fluorescence generated from doxorubicin infused as PLD was detected until at least 30 days after infusion. Local toxicity was not observed when a 10% dilution of the commercially available PLD solution was used (0.2 mg/ml doxorubicin), but was significant at higher concentrations. Results after 10% PLD was delivered locally with CED demonstrated significant survival prolongation in both intracranial U-251MG and U-87MG xenograft models.

Conclusions
Convection-enhanced delivery of PLD achieved extensive tissue distribution and sustained drug release. Convection-enhanced delivery of PLD is a promising chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant gliomas.
Detection of infusate leakage in the brain using real-time imaging of convection-enhanced delivery
Authors: Varenika Vanja , Dickinson Peter , Bringas John , LeCouteur Richard , Higgins Robert , Park John , Fiandaca Massimo , Berger Mitchel , Sampson John , Bankiewicz Krystof 
Published: October 2008

Object
The authors have shown that convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of gadoteridol-loaded liposomes (GDLs) into different regions of normal monkey brain results in predictable, widespread distribution of this tracking agent as detected by real-time MR imaging. They also have found that this tracking technique allows monitoring of the distribution of similar nanosized agents such as therapeutic liposomes and viral vectors. A limitation of this procedure is the unexpected leakage of liposomes out of targeted parenchyma or malignancies into sulci and ventricles. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of CED after the onset of these types of leakage.

Methods
The authors documented this phenomenon in a study of 5 nonhuman primates and 7 canines, comprising 54 CED infusion sessions. Approximately 20% of these infusions resulted in leakage into cerebral ventricles or sulci. All of the infusions and leakage events were monitored with real-time MR imaging. The authors created volume-distributed versus volume-infused graphs for each infusion session. These graphs revealed the rate of distribution of GDL over the course of each infusion and allowed the authors to evaluate the progress of CED before and after leakage.

Results
The distribution of therapeutics within the target structure ceased to increase or resulted in significant attenuation after the onset of leakage.

Conclusions
An analysis of the cases in this study revealed that leakage undermines the efficacy of CED. These findings reiterate the importance of real-time MR imaging visualization during CED to ensure an accurate, robust distribution of therapeutic agents.
Three-dimensional constructive interference in steady-state magnetic resonance imaging in obstructive hydrocephalus: relevance for endoscopic third ventriculostomy and clinical results
Authors: Kunz Mathias , Schulte-Altedorneburg Gernot , Uhl Eberhard , Schmid-Elsaesser Robert , Schöller Karsten , Zausinger Stefan 
Published: October 2008

Object
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is the treatment of choice in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by aqueductal stenosis. The authors examined the clinical course and results of surgical treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus with pre- and postoperative refined constructive interference in steady-state (CISS) MR imaging.

Methods
Forty patients with obstructive hydrocephalus underwent pre- and postoperative 3D-CISS imaging and clinical evaluation. Radiological findings were correlated with intraoperative observations of the thickness and transparency of the floor of the third ventricle and the patient's postoperative clinical course.

Results
Three-dimensional CISS MR imaging provides precise visualization of the basilar/posterior cerebral artery, its distance to the clivus, the diameter of the foramen of Monro, and the extension of and thickness of the floor of the third ventricle. In 71% of patients a flow void was detectable postoperatively on the ventriculostomy. In this group 81.5% had strong and 14.8% moderate clinical benefit, and 3.7% required secondary shunt placement. In the remaining 29% of the patients without a visible flow void, strong improvement was seen in 54.5%, moderate improvement in 18.2%, and stoma failure occurred in 27.3% (p = 0.094). Radiological measurements of the thickness of the third ventricle floor correlated with intraoperative findings (r = 0.35, p = 0.029). Comparison of outcomes showed a statistically significant tendency for a better outcome in patients with thin and easily perforated third ventricle floors (p = 0.04).

Conclusions
Endoscopic ventriculostomy in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus is safe and mostly successful, and 3D-CISS MR imaging seems to be a valuable diagnostic method for precisely identifying the anatomy of relevant structures. Furthermore, 3D-CISS MR imaging allows judgment of the thickness of the third ventricle floor and display of the ventriculostomy/flow void, which are predictive for intraoperative course and clinical outcome.
Intraoperative nerve action and compound motor action potential recordings in patients with obstetric brachial plexus lesions
Authors: Pondaag Willem , van der Veken Lieven P. A. J. , van Someren Paul J. , van Dijk J. Gert , Malessy Martijn J. A. 
Published: October 2008

Object
A typical finding in supraclavicular exploration of infants with severe obstetric brachial plexus lesions (OBPLs) is a neuroma-in-continuity with the superior trunk and/or a root avulsion at C-5, C-6, or C-7. The operative strategy in these cases is determined by the intraoperative assessment of the severity of the lesion. Intraoperative nerve action potential (NAP) and evoked compound motor action potential (CMAP) recordings have been shown to be helpful diagnostic tools in adults, whereas their value in the intraoperative assessment of infants with OBPLs remains to be determined.

Methods
Intraoperative NAPs and CMAPs were systematically recorded from damaged and normal nerves of the upper brachial plexus in a consecutive series of 95 infants (mean age 175 days) with OBPLs. A total of 599 intraoperative NAP and 836 CMAP recordings were analyzed. The severity of the nerve lesions was graded as normal, axonotmesis, neurotmesis, or root avulsion, based on surgical, clinical, histological, and radiographic criteria.

Results
The correlation of NAP and CMAP recordings with the severity of the lesion was assessed. The specificity of an absent NAP or CMAP to predict a severe lesion (neurotmesis or avulsion) was > 0.9. However, the sensitivity of an absent NAP or CMAP for predicting a severe lesion was low (typically < 0.3). The severity of the nerve lesion was related to CMAP and NAP amplitudes. Cutoff points useful for intraoperative decision making could not be found to differentiate between lesion types in individual patients.

Conclusions
Intraoperative NAP and CMAP recordings do not assist in decision making in the surgical treatment of infants with OBPLs. The authors' findings in infants cannot be generalized to adults.