bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of standing cone‐beam computed tomography and low‐field magnetic resonance imaging findings in the equine metacarpo‐ or metatarsophalangeal region of standing sedated horses
Authors: Lin Szu‐Ting , Bolas Nicholas M. , Sargan David R. , Peter Vanessa G. , Murray Rachel C. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBackgroundCone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and low‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are increasingly used in standing horses, so it is important to understand an efficient application of these imaging modalities.ObjectiveTo compare CBCT and MRI findings in the metacarpo (MCP)/metatarsophalangeal (MTP) region of clinical patients imaged for diagnostic purposes.Study designRetrospective study.MethodsThe CBCT and MRI images of the MCP/MTP region from equine clinical patients undergoing both standing MRI and CBCT imaging for lameness localised to the fetlock region (2021–2023) were retrospectively reviewed. Presence, location and imaging features of lesions were compared between modalities using descriptive analysis.ResultsImaging studies of 24 MCP/MTP regions from 22 horses were included. CBCT provided the assessment of subchondral bone integrity in palmar/plantar osteochondral disease, details of the length and associated attenuation changes of third metacarpal/tarsal parasagittal groove and proximal phalanx sagittal groove fissures, structural integrity and attenuation changes of subchondral and trabecular bone injuries, proximal phalanx dorsoproximal defects and anatomical and structural details of proximal sesamoid bone injuries. MRI provided the evaluation of short tau inversion recovery (STIR) hyperintensity associated with bone lesions and the extent of increased fluid accumulation in bone. CBCT revealed reduced joint space, indicating articular cartilage loss, while MRI showed joint distension and synovitis. MRI revealed generalised osseous STIR hyperintensity associated with septic arthritis. Soft tissue injuries were most identified by MRI except for heterotopic mineralisation most detected by CBCT.Main limitationsImaging findings not verified by a gold standard.ConclusionsCBCT and MRI contributed different diagnostic information so optimal information was obtained by using both modalities. Standing CBCT showed changes in bone structure and attenuation but was limited in detecting soft tissue injuries. Standing MRI showed increased fluid accumulation in bone and soft tissue injuries but was limited in assessing structural details of bone injuries.
Using mycobacterium cell wall fraction to decrease equine chorionic gonadotropin after abortion
Authors: Fedorka Carleigh E. , Schnobrich Maria R. , Muderspach Natacha D. , Scoggin Kirsten E. , Dedman Madison T. , Weigle Kelly E. , May Mary G. , Twist Heidi , Linse Cara R. , Douglas Robert H. , Troedsson Mats H. T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundEquine embryonic loss following the development of endometrial cups delays return to cyclicity due to the production of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Natural degradation of endometrial cups coincides with an influx of immune cells at 100–120 days of gestation, but therapeutic stimulation of reduced eCG production has been relatively unsuccessful. Recently, we observed an increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokine production following the use of the immunostimulant mycobacterium cell wall fraction (MCWF).ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of hysteroscopic‐guided injection of MCWF on the accelerated decline of eCG secretion.Study designIn vivo experiment.MethodsMares were pharmacologically aborted at 40–45 days of gestation, and then divided into groups: MCWF‐treated (6 mg MCWF suspended in 20 mL LRS; n = 10) and Control (20 mL LRS; n = 6). Five days after abortion, hysteroscopic‐guided injection of endometrial cups was performed, with 1 mL of volume placed into each visible endometrial cup. This was repeated 7 days later. Trans‐rectal ultrasonography was performed to monitor ovarian activity, and serum was obtained to assess eCG and cytokine concentrations.ResultsConcentrations of eCG decreased in the MCWF‐treated group (p < 0.01) with a significant suppression noted as early as 14 days after onset of treatment and remained suppressed for the duration of the study. This coincided with an increase in peripheral IFN‐γ (p < 0.01) and IL‐1β (p < 0.01) concentrations. Eight out of ten MCWF‐treated mares (80%) developed pre‐ovulatory follicles, in comparison to 2/6 controls (33%). A pre‐ovulatory follicle was noted 23 ± 4 days after onset of treatment.Main limitationsNo pregnancy data was obtained following treatment.ConclusionsThis is the first report of a treatment for the accelerated reduction of eCG following abortion. Stimulation of this process allowed mares to develop a pre‐ovulatory follicle within a month of MCWF treatment onset, granting repeat attempts at breeding within the confines of a single breeding season.
Increased frequency of extreme climatic events weakens the community stability of natural grassland under directional climate changes by reducing resilience
Authors: Liu Peipei , Lv Wangwang , Sun Jianping , Piao Shilong , Wang Yanfen , Tsechoe Dorji , Luo Caiyun , Zhang Zhenhua , Li Bowen , Guo Xiaowei , Lv Jingya , Chen Lanying , Li Yingnian , Peñuelas Josep , Wang Shiping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimChronic directional climate changes in temperature and precipitation are predicted to increase the frequency of extreme climatic events (ECEs); however, their co‐occurring effects on the temporal stability of community productivity (i.e. ANPP stability) are still unclear. Here, we evaluate whether the increased frequency of ECEs reduces ANPP stability, and how it modulates the effects of chronic directional climate factors on ANPP stability in natural grassland.LocationTwenty‐two sites in Asia and 14 sites in North America.Time period1980s–2010s.Major taxa studiedHerbaceous plant.MethodsWe collected 36 long‐term observational and consecutive ANPP data (at least 10 years) and resampled yearly ANPP via a consecutive resampling method of nested time windows for each field. We used linear mixed‐effect models, partial regression analysis and structure equation models to explore the interactive effects of three climatic factors on ANPP stability and their associated intermediate processes of sensitivity, asymmetry, resistance and resilience.ResultsThe increased frequency of ECEs was observed within the long‐term rising temperature and elevating precipitation trend across sites in the past several decades. Elevating precipitation rather than rising temperature was the primary driver influencing ANPP stability. Elevating precipitation increased ANPP stability through increasing mean ANPP and decreasing the standard deviation (i.e. SD) of ANPP due to a decrease in sensitivity of ANPP to precipitation. The increased frequency of ECEs decreased ANPP stability mainly by increasing the SD of ANPP, and it reduced the positive effect of elevated precipitation on ANPP stability via a decrease in resilience.Main conclusionOur results demonstrated that recurrent and discrete ECEs had cumulatively negative effects on ANPP stability, and the decreased resilience was identified as the primary factor reducing the grassland community stability under long‐term climate change. This highlighted the potential risks of increased frequency of ECEs for grassland ecosystem functions.
Exploring adolescents' experiences of continuing to wear face masks during COVID‐19: A qualitative descriptive study in Barcelona (Spain)
Authors: Aguayo‐González Mariela , Leyva‐Moral Juan M. , Giménez‐Diez David , Colom‐Cadena Andreu , Martínez Isabel , Watson Carolina , Bordas Anna , Folch Cinta , Casabona Jordi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic prompted the use of face masks as a social distancing measure. Although evidence supports their effectiveness in preventing infection, it remains unclear why some adolescents choose to continue wearing them postpandemic, even when it is no longer mandatory. This study aims to explore adolescents' experiences of wearing face masks during the COVID‐19 pandemic when their use was no longer mandatory.MethodIn this exploratory qualitative study, data were collected from 16 adolescents through face‐to‐face semistructured interviews. The participants were asked about the reasons and feelings associated with continuing to wear masks, as well as the contexts in which they felt safe without a mask. The collected data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (1) Navigating complex decision‐making: balancing safety and self‐image, (2) peer influence dynamics and (3) managing the future: weather dynamics and pandemic evolution.DiscussionThe potential implications of withdrawing COVID‐19 preventive measures, such as mask‐wearing, beyond the pandemic remain understudied. It is crucial to further investigate the perceptions related to wearing masks and its cessation, especially amongst vulnerable individuals.Patient or Public ContributionDue to methodological constraints associated with participants' age, they were not engaged in the design, data analysis, data interpretation or manuscript preparation phases of the study.
Large uncertainty in trait responses across insects among overall declines in a subtropical city
Authors: Federico Nicholas A. , Guralnick Robert P. , Belitz Michael W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Continued and rapid development of urban environments presents many challenges to organisms living in and around cities. Insects are among the most abundant and diverse class of animals but surprisingly little is known about how most species respond to urbanisation across clades with varying life histories, especially in the subtropics and tropics.
In this study, we sample insect abundance and diversity across an urbanisation gradient in a subtropical region to assess the impact of urbanisation on 43 phototactic species of insects representing eight distinct orders. We also attempted to determine which life history traits best explain how species respond to urbanisation.
We predicted an overall loss of abundance and richness with increasing urbanisation, with smaller, generalist species being the least impacted. We also predicted that species with above ground larval habitats would be less affected by urbanisation.
Overall, urban development decreased both species richness and the abundance of individuals per order, with abundance being most reduced for Hymenoptera but least reduced for Coleoptera. At a species‐specific level, urban development negatively impacted most but not all species, although uncertainty around these estimates was high. We did not identify key traits that determined a species' sensitivity to urbanisation.
Our results showcase that urbanisation may impact ecosystem function given overall reduction in the number of individual insects per order, despite wide variability in species‐specific responses. Our study also emphasises the importance of species selection when designing studies that examine responses of multiple taxa across an environmental gradient.
The impact of career calling on nurse burnout: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Xie Si‐jia , Jing Jie , Li Rong , Yan Shi‐qiong , Yu Gui , Xu Ze‐jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the mediating roles of occupational resilience and the moderationg role of perceived organizational support in the relationship between career calling and nurse burnout.BackgroundBurnout is a frequent and serious problem in the field of nursing, and it poses a serious threat to both nurses’ health and patient safety. Although many studies have described the links between burnout, career calling, and occupational resilience, little is known about the actual mechanisms between career calling and nurse burnout.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 615 nurses in China was conducted using a convenience sampling method. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation models and bootstrapping methods. STROBE guidelines were followed.ResultsCareer calling was found to be negatively associated with nurse burnout, and occupational resilience mediated the relationship between career calling and burnout. Additionally, perceived organizational support was found to play a moderating role in the relationship between occupational resilience and burnout.ConclusionCareer calling can reduce burnout by increasing nurses' levels of occupational resilience, and perceived organizational support moderates this mechanism. Hence, policies focused on encouraging and sustaining career calling should be provided by nurse managers in order to enhance stress resistance and reduce burnout.
The causal role of circulating immunity‐inflammation in preeclampsia: A Mendelian randomization
Authors: Xue Xiaolei , Guo Chuanhui , Fan Cuifang , Lei Di 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPatients with systemic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, were at a higher risk for preeclampsia. The causal relationship between immunological inflammation and preeclampsia (PE) remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between circulating immune inflammation and PE. Genetically predicted blood immune cells and circulating inflammatory proteins were identified using two genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). We used a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method to determine whether circulating immunological inflammation causes PE. Our findings indicated that ten immunophenotypes were identified to be significantly associated with PE risk: CD62L‐ Dendritic Cell Absolute Count, CD86+ myeloid Dendritic Cell %Dendritic Cell, CD62L‐ myeloid Dendritic Cell Absolute Count, CD86+ myeloid Dendritic Cell Absolute Count, CD62L‐ myeloid Dendritic Cell %Dendritic Cell, CD62L‐ CD86+ myeloid Dendritic Cell %Dendritic Cell, CD62L‐ CD86+ myeloid Dendritic Cell Absolute Count, CD16 on CD14+ CD16+ monocyte, HLA DR+ Natural Killer Absolute Count, and T cell Absolute Count. Ninety‐one inflammation‐related proteins had no statistically significant effect on PE following false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Certain proteins exhibited unadjusted low p‐values that merited mention. These proteins include interleukin‐10 (OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.63–0.93, p = .006), fibroblast growth factor 21 (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.01–1.47, p = .035), and Caspase 8 (OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.50–0.85, p = .001). The ELISA analysis demonstrated elevated levels of FGF‐21 and decreased levels of IL‐10 and Caspase‐8 in the plasma of patients with PE. These findings reveal that immunophenotypes and circulating inflammatory proteins may induce PE, confirming the importance of peripheral Immunity‐Inflammation in PE. The discovery has the potential to lead to earlier detection and more effective treatment techniques.
Assessing push‐out bond strength in re‐irradiated teeth: Universal resin cement performance in self‐etch and self‐adhesive modes
Authors: de Souza Gabriel Hernandez Machado , Dias‐Junior Luiz Carlos de Lima , Machado Renata Gondo , Ghidini Gabriela Pasqualin , Minamisako Mariana Comparotto , Takashima Marcio Toshio Umeda , Cábia Nayara Cardoso , Machado Ricardo , da Silveira Teixeira Cleonice , Garcia Lucas da Fonseca Roberti 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effect of cumulative doses of radiation on the pushout bond strength (BS) of a universal resin cement used in the self‐etch (SE) and self‐adhesive (SA) modes to the intraradicular dentin.Materials and MethodsForty‐eight human teeth were distributed into three groups (n = 16) according to the radiation therapy dose (RT): NoRT (no‐radiotherapy), 70RT (70 Gy), and 70 + 70RT (70 Gy + 70 Gy). The teeth were redistributed into two subgroups (n = 8), according to the adhesive mode: SE (NoRT‐SE, 70RT‐SE, and 70 + 70RT‐SE) and SA (NoRT‐SA, 70RT‐SA, and 70 + 70RT‐SA). Data were statistically compared after BS test (ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, and Fisher's exact test).ResultsIn the SA mode, BS was significantly higher in nonirradiated teeth compared with 70RT and 70 + 70RT (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between SE and SA modes in nonirradiated teeth (p = 0.14). In the 70RT group, SE mode increased BS compared with SA mode (p < 0.0001). Most specimens had adhesive and mixed failures in SA and SE modes, respectively.ConclusionsThe universal resin cement in the SE mode had greater BS to the irradiated dentin. When teeth were re‐irradiated, the universal resin cement had similar performance in terms of BS, regardless of the adhesive approach.Clinical SignificanceThere is no research establishing a correlation between radiotherapy and its impact on the BS of a universal resin cement used in SE and SA modes to intraradicular dentin.
Clinical comparison of high‐viscosity glass‐hybrid systems with a sculptable bulk‐fill composite resin in different cavity types
Authors: Atmaca Yakup , Karadas Muhammet 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis randomized, double‐blind clinical investigation assessed the performance of two high‐viscosity glass‐ionomer systems and a bulk‐fill composite in different cavity types.Materials and MethodsIn 146 participants, 360 (class I, II, and V) cavities were restored using three different materials (Equia Forte HT, Chemfill Rock, and SonicFill 2) with equal allocation. Using modified World Dental Federation criteria, restorations were assessed after 1 week, 6 months, and 18 months by an experienced examiner. Statistical analysis was conducted using Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon signed rank tests (α = 0.05).ResultsAfter 18 months, 267 restorations were assessed in 116 participants. After 18 months, 5 Equia Forte HT restorations failed due to debonding and fracture. Only one loss was observed in the Chemfill Rock restorations. Equia Forte HT exhibited significantly lower retention than SonicFill 2 after 18 months (p = 0.019), irrespective of cavity type. At 1 week, 3 Class I restorations with SF showed postoperative sensitivity. The type of cavity did not affect the performance of the restorative materials used (p > 0.05).ConclusionEquia Forte HT and Chemfill Rock presented similar clinical performance regardless of color match. Equia Forte HT showed a lower performance compared to SonicFill 2.Clinical significanceGlass‐hybrid materials presented a lower performance in terms of color match or retention when compared to a sculptable bulk‐fill composite resin.
Preparation and physicochemical evaluation of phytosterol‐enriched sesame oil microemulsions
Authors: Amiri Nazanin , Pourjahed Atefeh , Abbasi Habib , Karimi Safoora 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSesame oil, known for its nutritional benefits, was selected as source for phytosterol extraction. Optimal conditions of 40°C, oil‐to‐solvent ratio of 1:25, and a saponification duration of 150 min were employed to separate the phytosterols from sesame oil. The extracted phytosterols were encapsulated using microemulsion method. Various variables, such as percent of sesame oil, surfactant‐to‐cosurfactant ratio, and presence of phytosterols, were evaluated to determine their impact on particle size, polydispersity, pH, viscosity, surface tension, and stability. The particle size and PDI demonstrated significant increase with increasing oil and addition of phytosterols. A higher S:C ratio resulted in the formation of smaller microemulsion droplets. The viscosity and surface tension of the microemulsions increased significantly with an increase in the oil percent. In conclusion, the optimal composition of the microemulsion was found to be 10 wt% sesame oil with an S:C ratio of 3:1. FESEM micrographs revealed a microstructure consisting of cylindrical micelles.Practical applicationsResearch has shown that consuming 2–3 g of plant sterols and stanols can lower blood cholesterol levels by 10% and LDL levels by 15%. However, incorporating phytosterols into food products is challenging due to oxidation, insolubility, and high melting point. Most phytosterols are esterified to enrich low‐fat foods but they can be expensive and impure. The synthesis of phytosterols often involves carcinogenic chemicals and requires additional purification. Extracting phytosterols from plant sources has been proposed as a solution. However, incorporating phytosterols into food products is challenging due to their susceptibility to oxidation, particularly during processing and storage at high temperatures, their insolubility in water, and their limited solubility in fats and oils. The main aim of this study was to enrich sesame oil microemulsions with phytosterols through encapsulation. Phytosterols were extracted from sesame seed oil, followed by purification, and finally, enriched microemulsions were prepared. The optimal formulation was determined based on the evaluation of several parameters, including the mean volume diameter of particles, polydispersity index, pH, viscosity, surface tension, and physical stability.
Heating uniformity improvement of the intermittent microwave drying for carrot with simulations and experiments
Authors: Song Feihu , Zhang Nailiang , Liu Peng , Liu Zhiyu , Fu Wenjie , Li Zhenfeng , Song Chunfang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHeating uniformity is always a concern in microwave drying for foodstuff, where unsatisfied product quality could be caused by over‐ or inadequate‐heating. To deal with this concern, multi‐physics field rotation simulation models and intermittent microwave drying modes were designed and evaluated in this study. Four drying modes with different intermittent time ratios (R1/2, R1/3, R1/4, and R1/5) were first applied in drying experiments. Their effects on temperature distribution, drying characteristics, and quality aspects (chromatic aberration, rehydration ratio, vitamin C content, and sensory evaluation) for carrot samples were compared and analyzed. The results revealed that the carrot quality in R1/4 mode drying was increased by up to 64% in comparison with the other three modes. The root‐mean‐square error of the moisture ratio was maintained at a lower value, and a better consistency was also achieved in R1/4 mode. To further improve the drying performance and efficiency, a novel stage intermittent‐time control strategy was attempted, that is, an appropriate strategy was used in each drying stage. With this method, the best drying effect could be obtained. The above work can promote a deeper understanding of the drying kinetic and provide novel operation strategies in the microwave drying of food products.Practical applicationsA multi‐physics field rotational simulation model (MFRSM) coupled with an intermittent microwave drying process, including electromagnetic heating, heat, and mass transfer, was developed to characterize the drying process of rotating samples in an intermittent microwave dryer. The MFRSM was helpful to analyze the continuous microwave drying process of the sample and deepen the understanding of the internal heat and mass transfer process of the sample. Four modes with different intermittent schedules were designed, and simulation models were also established. The drying characteristics in different modes were analyzed; a long intermittent time could affect the drying efficiency on account of the driving force, while a short intermittent time would reduce the product quality because of the continuous high temperature. R1/4 mode was founded in terms of drying efficiency and drying quality. An optimized stage intermittent‐time control strategy (R‐IO mode) was designed. The drying time in the three stages was shortened by 25% in total compared with R1/4 mode. Meanwhile, the vitamin C retention, the taste quality of the dried products were improved. These works are expected to provide benefits for the understanding of the intermittent microwave drying modes on drying kinetic using the MFRSM. It can also be useful in the development of an IMD for food materials.