bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wear Resistance of Packable Resin Composites after Simulated Toothbrushing Test
Authors: WANG LINDA , GARCIA FERNANDA CRISTINA PIMENTEL , DE ARAÚJO PAULO AMARANTE , FRANCO EDUARDO BATISTA , MONDELLI RAFAEL FRANCISCO LIA 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTPurpose::The purpose of this study was to determine the wear resistance of five different packable composites versus two different composite controls using a laboratory toothbrushing simulation test.Materials and Methods:Twelve samples measuring 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick were prepared from the following resin composites: Packable resin composites SureFil® (Dentsply Ind. Com. Ltda, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Alert® (Jeneric Pentron Incorporated, Wallingford, CT, USA), Filtek P60™ (3M ESPE Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA), Prodigy Condensable® (sds Kerr, Orange CA, USA), Solitaire® (Heraeus Kulzer GmbH, Wehrheim, Germany), and control resin composites Z100 Restorative™ (3M ESPE) and Silux Plus™ (3M ESPE). Finishing and polishing were conducted with Sof‐Lex™ disks (3M ESPE), and baseline weight (grams) and surface roughness (measured with Hommel Tester® T 1000, Hommelwerke, GmbH, Alte Tuttinger Strebe 20. D‐7730 VS‐Schwenningen, Germany) were recorded. Specimens were aged for 2 weeks until they reached a weight that remained constant for 5 consecutive days, and then were subjected to 100,000 cycles of brushing (representative of 4.2 yr) using a toothbrushing testing machine. Toothbrush heads with soft bristle tips (Colgate Classic™, Colgate‐Palmolive Co., Osasco, São Paulo, Brazil) with dentifrice suspension (Colgate MFP™, Colgate‐Palmolive Co.) in deionized water were used under a 200 g load. Changes in weight and surface roughness were determined after toothbrushing cycles.Results:Significant differences of weight loss and surface roughness were found (pairedt‐test,p< .05). Weight loss percentage (mean [SD]) ranged from 0.38 to 1.69% (analysis of variance and Tukey's least significant difference,p< .05); the weight loss of the materials ranked from least to most as follows: SureFil (0.38 [0.56]), Alert (0.52 [0.18]), Z100 (1.16 [0.27]), Filtek P60 (1.31 [0.17]), Solitaire (1.51 [0.45]), Prodigy Condensable (1.55 [0.47]), and Silux Plus (1.69 [0.66]). Regarding surface roughness, Prodigy Condensable (0.19 [0.08]), Solitaire (0.28 [0.06]), and Z100 (0.30 [0.07]) became less rough after toothbrushing, whereas all the others were rendered rougher: Alert (0.49 [0.29]), Filtek P60 (0.28 [0.08]), Silux Plus (0.39 [0.09]), and SureFil (0.81 [0.32]).Conclusion:SureFil and Alert were statistically more resistant to wear (less weight loss) than were the other materials. SureFil became significantly rougher than did all the others.
Chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced or recurrent olfactory neuroblastoma
Authors: YOH Kiyotaka , TAHARA Makoto , KAWADA Kenji , MUKAI Hirofumi , NAKATA Masanobu , ITOH Kuniaki , KAWASHIMA Mitsuhiko , NISHIMURA Hideki , HAYASHI Ryuichi , OGINO Takashi , MINAMI Hironobu 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackground:  Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare sino‐nasal tumor arising from the olfactory epithelium and is often characterized by local invasion or metastasis. The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of this tumor is unclear. The purpose of this study was to review our institution’s experience of chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent olfactory neuroblastoma.Methods:  Twenty‐one patients with histologically proven olfactory neuroblastoma were treated at our institution between 1992 and 2002. Twelve of these patients received chemotherapy in the setting of unresectable or recurrent disease and were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics, treatment outcome or survival.Results:  Eight patients of the 12 patients received cisplatin‐based chemotherapy and the remaining four patients received chemotherapy consisting of docetaxel plus irinotecan (three patients) or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (1 patient). A partial response was achieved in five patients, with an overall response rate of 42%, although the chemotherapeutic regimens were heterogeneous. Two partial responses were obtained among the three patients who received docetaxel plus irinotecan. The response rate to chemotherapy was 83% in the younger age group (<40 years), as opposed to 0% in the older age group (≥40 years), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.02).Conclusion:  Our study indicated that olfactory neuroblastoma would be sensitive to chemotherapy, especially with young patients. Docetaxel plus irinotecan has the possibility of showing favorable response, and warrants further investigation.
RADIO FREQUENCY PULSE APPLICATION FOR HEATING UNIFORMITY IN POSTHARVEST CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) CONTROL OF FRESH APPLES (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.)
Authors: HANSEN J.D. , DRAKE S.R. , WATKINS M.A. , HEIDT M.L. , ANDERSON P.A. , TANG J. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT A radio frequency (RF) treatment, with a pulse mode to increase heating uniformity, was examined as a potential quarantine treatment against fifth instars of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in apples, Malus sylvestris L. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf., intended for export to Japan. Apples were exposed in water baths to 27.12‐MHz RF energy at 12 kW with a pulse mode of 30 s‐on/30 s‐off for different durations. The temperature uniformity was determined by measurements at 12 sites evenly spaced at two depths in the fruit. The most promising exposure time was 29 min. The efficacy of the treatment with the pulse mode was examined against the codling moth larvae by using exposures between 27 and 30 min and up to 30 min of holding time in bath after treatment. The treatment that killed all larvae with the least amount of energy was the 29‐min exposure with 50‐min holding time. This treatment was appraised for fruit quality in “Delicious” apples. Some injury was observed when treated fruits were removed from 1C storage after 30 days. When these fruits were held at 25C for 1 week, all were too damaged to evaluate for fruit quality. Although pulse mode increased heating uniformity in the fruit, the thermal requirements to control codling moth larvae may exceed the injury threshold of the fruits.
DNA ANALYSIS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF FOOD‐ASSOCIATED FOREIGN SUBSTANCES
Authors: IIJIMA KAZUMARU , SUZUKI KOJI , OZAKI KAZUTAKA , KURIYAMA HIDETOSHI , KITAGAWA YASUSHI , YAMASHITA HIROSHI 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT To identify food‐associated foreign substances, a DNA analysis consisting of 18S rDNA sequencing and homology search analysis has been developed. In this method, we designed universal primer pairs for specific amplification of animal and plant 18S rDNA and constructed an original DNA database storing partial 18S rDNA sequences of 222 organisms commonly used for culinary purposes. In the model experiments, food materials were successfully identified, indicating that our DNA analysis method can be practically applied to the identification of food‐associated foreign substances. It is also expected that this method complements conventional morphological and compositional analysis, leading to more accurate and reliable identification of food‐associated foreign substances.
The Annual Cycle, Intraseasonal Oscillations, and Roadblock to Seasonal Predictability of the Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Goswami B. N. , Wu Guoxiong , Yasunari T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFactors responsible for limited predictability of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) are investigated within a conceptual framework for predictability. Predictability of the seasonal mean depends on the interannual variability (IAV) of the monsoon annual cycle (MAC) and is determined by relative contribution of the predictable “external” component of IAV compared to the unpredictable “internal” IAV. Contributions of slow processes such as those involving air–sea interactions associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or local warm ocean–atmosphere interactions in generating IAV of the MAC are reviewed. Empirical evidence that these air–sea interactions modulate the MAC is presented. Estimates of internal IAV have been made from observations as well as atmospheric model simulations. In contrast to a large part of the Tropics where the summer climate is predictable, with the internal variability being much smaller than the external one, the limited predictability of the Asian monsoon appears to be due to the fact that the contribution from the external IAV over the region is relatively weak and comparable to that from internal IAV.Cause for large internal IAV over the ASM region is investigated, and it is proposed that the internal IAV of the MAC is primarily due to interaction between the MAC and the summer intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs). Two mechanisms through which ISOs lead to internal IAV of the MAC are unraveled. The seasonal bias of the ISO anomalies can influence the seasonal mean if the spatial structure of the ISO has significant projection on that of the seasonal mean and if frequency of occurrence of positive and negative phases is unequal. Evidence supporting this is presented. In addition, it is demonstrated that the chaotic summer ISOs modulated by the annually varying forcing associated with the “slow annual cycle” can lead to IAV of the seasonal mean. Empirical evidence that IAV of ISO activity is related to IAV of the seasonal mean or MAC is also presented.Thus, the Asian monsoon would remain a difficult system to predict. To exploit the predictable signal, however, it is imperative that systematic bias of the models is improved and the space–time structure of the summer ISOs is simulated accurately.
Evidence of Decadal Climate Prediction Skill Resulting from Changes in Anthropogenic Forcing
Authors: Lee Terry C. K. , Zwiers Francis W. , Zhang Xuebin , Tsao Min 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
It is argued that simulations of the twentieth century performed with coupled global climate models with specified historical changes in external radiative forcing can be interpreted as climate hindcasts. A simple Bayesian method for postprocessing such simulations is described, which produces probabilistic hindcasts of interdecadal temperature changes on large spatial scales. Hindcasts produced for the last two decades of the twentieth century are shown to be skillful. The suggestion that skillful decadal forecasts can be produced on large regional scales by exploiting the response to anthropogenic forcing provides additional evidence that anthropogenic change in the composition of the atmosphere has influenced the climate. In the absence of large negative volcanic forcing on the climate system (which cannot presently be forecast), it is predicted that the global mean temperature for the decade 2000–09 will lie above the 1970–99 normal with a probability of 0.94. The global mean temperature anomaly for this decade relative to 1970–99 is predicted to be 0.35°C with a 5%–95% confidence range of 0.21°–0.48°C.
Using heat pipe heat exchangers for reducing energy consumption of treating ventilation air in an operating theatre in a tropical climate: a simplified model
Authors: Yau Y H 
Published: October 2006

This study applies the software package Transient Systems Simulation Program (TRNSYS), to estimate the air state and the energy consumption of a typical operating theatre located in a tropical building. For the simulation, typical meteorological year (TMY) data for the Kuala Lumpur area (Malaysia), and an operating theatre located in the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) (Kuala Lumpur), are used. The current heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system for the operating theatre was found to be inherently energy-inefficient and could be improved with heat pipe heat exchangers (HPHXs). The impact on energy consumption of a custom-built air handler unit (AHU) was simulated with one or two 6-row HPHXs installed in the HVAC system, compared to a pre-cooling heat exchanger installed in the same system. Based on this investigation, it is recommended that a double HPHX system (Plant C) be applied in tropical HVAC systems for the reduction of energy consumption and dehumidification enhancement. Practical Applications: The analysis described in this paper enables necessarily comparison between possible HVAC system types on the year-round impact on energy consumption and dehumidification in an operating theatre located in a tropical area to be predicted before actual retrofitting is done to the space’s conditioning system. The results of this work could be used as a general guide for mechanical and electrical (M&E) engineers and researchers who are intending to apply HPHXs as ‘coolness’ recovery and dehumidification devices in HVAC systems operating in tropical countries, particularly, HVAC systems operating in hospital environments.
The influence of Reynolds Number and size effects on pressure loss factors of ductwork components
Authors: Koch P 
Published: October 2006

Prior to the 1990s, pressure loss factors of ductwork components had almost invariably been quoted as single values, invariant with either size (diameter) or air speed (Reynolds Number). Unlike pipework components, where size has been known to be a factor for some time, with ductwork components there seemed to have been a tacit assumption that neither size nor velocity would affect the value of the non-dimensional pressure loss factor ζ. Enough data is now available for us to know that this assumption was false. The major part of this paper concerns analysis of experimentally obtained data of the European Report (1992)1 and, where appropriate, comparison with other data. The components analysed are shown in Figure 1. Pressure loss factor ζ is defined by the relationship: [ILLEGIBLE] Practical application: This paper places in the public domain the most pertinent data obtained from the European Research Project.1 It will be of particular use to authors of technical guides seeking to have more recently obtained research data. Although this distillation is naturally a considerable simplification of the original data, explanations are given as to why the author felt obliged to reject or massage some of the original data. Where there are misgivings and difficult judgements which had to be made, these are also recorded. Though the data as presented might be more detailed than most guide authors might require, this should be useful to computer software writers. Similarly those researchers using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to model reality, will appreciate the detail. In terms of future research the paper shows where reliable results are now established. More importantly perhaps, it shows where there are still some elements of doubt, and a few pitfalls which the researchers of the European Report were not quite diligent enough to avoid.
Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Reproducible Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Subtypes in Multiple Independent Patient Cohorts
Authors: Hayes D. Neil , Monti Stefano , Parmigiani Giovanni , Gilks C. Blake , Naoki Katsuhiko , Bhattacharjee Arindam , Socinski Mark A. , Perou Charles , Meyerson Matthew 
Published: October 2006

Purpose Published reports suggest that DNA microarrays identify clinically meaningful subtypes of lung adenocarcinomas not recognizable by other routine tests. This report is an investigation of the reproducibility of the reported tumor subtypes. Methods Three independent cohorts of patients with lung cancer were evaluated using a variety of DNA microarray assays. Using the integrative correlations method, a subset of genes was selected, the reliability of which was acceptable across the different DNA microarray platforms. Tumor subtypes were selected using consensus clustering and genes distinguishing subtypes were identified using the weighted difference statistic. Gene lists were compared across cohorts using centroids and gene set enrichment analysis. Results Cohorts of 31, 72, and 128 adenocarcinomas were generated for a total of 231 microarrays, each with 2,553 reliable genes. Three adenocarcinoma subtypes were identified in each cohort. These were named bronchioid, squamoid, and magnoid according to their respective correlations with gene expression patterns from histologically defined bronchioalveolar carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma. Tumor subtypes were distinguishable by many hundreds of genes, and lists generated in one cohort were predictive of tumor subtypes in the two other cohorts. Tumor subtypes correlated with clinically relevant covariates, including stage-specific survival and metastatic pattern. Most notably, bronchioid tumors were correlated with improved survival in early-stage disease, whereas squamoid tumors were associated with better survival in advanced disease. Conclusion DNA microarray analysis of lung adenocarcinomas identified reproducible tumor subtypes which differ significantly in clinically important behaviors such as stage-specific survival.
Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3−δ Dense Ceramic as an Oxygen Permeable Membrane for Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas
Authors: Harada Makoto , Domen Kazunari , Hara Michikazu , Tatsumi Takashi 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Oxygen permeable membranes of perovskite crystals with Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3−δ (BCFN) composition coated with a noble metal catalysts supported by a layered Mg–Al compound (MgAlOx) are demonstrated to provide very high and stable oxygen permeation fluxes. In reactions 300 h in duration, the oxygen permeation flux of this membrane remains greater than 20 mL/(cm2 min). This is the first report of such performance over reactions in 300 consecutive hours.
Convenient Synthesis of Linear Spin Traps Containing Diphenylphosphoryl Groups
Authors: Shioji Kosei , Takao Masahiko , Okuma Kentaro 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Novel spin traps in which a methyl group of the tert-butyl of PBN was substituted with a diphenylphosphoryl group, were successfully synthesized. The nitrone precursors were synthesized from diphenylphosphine oxide, acetone, and appropriate amines under microwave irradiation. The obtained amines were converted to the desired nitrones using Oxone. Spin adducts of oxygen-centered radicals such as the superoxide anion radical and the hydroxyl radical, which could not be detected in adducts using PBN, were observed using these nitrones.
Preparation of Three-dimensional Netlike Mesoporous Alumina Membrane
Authors: Wang Biao , Fei Guang Tao , Wu Bing , Jin Zhen , Zhang Li De 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Netlike mesoporous alumina membrane with layers of controllable pore size is fabricated by anodization and following chemical etching. All the nanochannels in this mesoporous membrane are connected together. By adjusting the anodization conditions, a series of mesoporous alumina membrane can be successfully prepared.
Novel Method for DNA Isolation Using High-throughput Monolithic Silica Gel Column in Combination with Anti-chaotropic Effect
Authors: Karatani Hajime , Miyamoto Keiichiro , Katsukawa Chihiro , Kono Tomoharu , Minakuchi Hiroyoshi 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
DNA molecules were completely adsorbed by the silica gel in the presence of saturated ammonium sulfate with a marked anti-chaotropic property, and the adsorbed DNAs were quantitatively desorbed with a low salt buffer. Based on such adsorption–desorption behavior of DNA, a novel isolation method for DNA was successfully developed.
One-pot Synthesis and Characterization of Laccase-entrapped Magnetic Nanobeads
Authors: Matsune Hideki , Jogasaki Hitoshi , Date Masato , Takenaka Sakae , Kishida Masahiro 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We report the simple one-pot synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles coated with silica-gel layers that entrap laccase (Lc) by the water-in-oil microemulsion method. The amorphous porous structure of the silica layer enables the entrapped Lc to react with substrates in solution. The enzymatic activity is studied using Michaelis–Menten kinetics. The reusability of the magnetic nanoparticles is examined.
The pericranial flap for reconstruction of anterior skull base defects
Authors: Price John C. , Loury Mark , Carson Benjamin , Johns Michael E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn 1981, the senior author first reported the use of the pericranial flap for support of the brain following resection of the anterior skull base. Since the initial report, considerable experience has been gained with this flap. It is currently deployed via a bifrontal craniotomy and is placed primarily as a support beneath the frontal lobes. The pericranial flap may also be used to repair dural laceration and defects. The sinonasal surface is routinely grafted with split‐thickness skin or dermis.This technique provides an excellent barrier between the sinonasal cavity and the cerebrospinal fluid, establishing a tough, fibrous platform. Herniation of intracranial contents has not occurred. One major complication has been reported in which radiation necrosis occurred during postoperative therapy, leading to progressive devitalization of the pericranial flap. Ultimately, dural repair and closure with a latissimus dorsi free flap was required.The pericranial flap repair of anterior skull base defects has a 90% complication‐free and 95% overall success rate. It is simple and extremely effective. Bone grafting has not been necessary in our experience.
The relationship between nasal anatomy and human olfaction
Authors: Leopold Donald A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe relationship between nasal anatomy and olfactory ability was evaluated by correlating measurements from nasal cavity CT scans with the results of an established clinical measure of olfactory function (Odorant Confusion Matrix, or OCM). The most appropriate mathematical model of this relationship was developed by analyzing the logarithms of 30 anatomical measures and a logistic transform of the OCM percent correct score. Two nasal cavity regions were found to be the most important factors in accounting for the olfactory test results, with a third region modifying the effects of the first two. The results of this study suggest that nasal anatomy may play a role in controlling the access of an odorant to the olfactory receptor area. The conclusions of this study have implications for nasal surgeons who, when possible, should make attempts to repair or preserve these nasal regions which seem to be so important to olfactory function.
Type II collagen distribution in rodents
Authors: Yoo T. J. , Tomoda Koichi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe anatomical distribution of type II collagen in animal ears was studied by immunohistochemical techniques, using defined monoclonal antibodies to type II collagen.Type II collagen was observed in the cartilage plate of the auricle and external auditory meatus, tympanic annulus, lamina propria of tympanic membrane (pars tensa), interossicular joints, stapes footplate, eustachian tube cartilage, enchondral layer and globuli interossei of the otic capsule, Rosenthal canal, cribriform base, osseous spiral lamina, spiral ligament, limbus, tectorial membrane, semicircular canal membrane and subepithelial layer of the ampullary crista, utricular and saccular maculae, and the endolymphatic duct and proximal part of the sac.Thus, type II collagen should be considered as an important component of ear tissue that might act as a target organ in an immune response.