bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WPCI Treatments in a Deep HP/HT Production Hole Increase LOT Pressures to Drill Ahead to TD in a Gulf of Mexico Shelf Well
Authors: Traugott D. , Sweatman R. , Vincent R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper covers two wellbore pressure-containment integrity (WPCI) treatments that substantially increased the pressure- containment integrity in 852 ft of open hole in the last sidetrack for the production hole section. This ultimately saved having to set pipe early, which could have jeopardized the commercial discovery of a lower gas sand. Earlier side tracks attempted unsuccessfully to bypass the loss/flow problems that would not allow drilling ahead and increasing the 18.0-lb/gal mud weight (MW) to drill into a high-pressure zone on adeep, high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) well in the western Gulf of Mexico shelf offshore Louisiana. Various lost-circulation material (LCM) treatments were used with no success increasing the hole's pressure containment.
The WPCI treatments raised the leakoff test (LOT) across the entire 852 ft of open hole up to 19.1 lb/gal equivalent (ppge) vs. the lower LOT of 18.3 ppge before the first WPCI job. LOTs were performed before and after each of the two WPCI treatments to measure improvement in the hole's pressure-containment integrity. This LOT data helped prove that apparent fracture gradients can be simultaneously increased in multiple numbers of layers and different types of weak formations exposed in long, open holes by inducing near-wellbore, flexible stress cages created from WPCI treatments.1-4 This can then allow use of increased MWs and drilling pressures to prevent excessive gas influx from high-pressure sands without lost circulation (LC) in adjacent weak zones.
The paper discusses the WPCI treatment design and job procedures, including treatment optimization by the analysis of data from openhole wireline/logging while drilling (OHWL/LWD) logs, cuttings lithology, fracture-seal location indicators (torque on bit [TOB]/weight on bit [WOB]), and before/after LOT pressures. Real-time operations5 also described allowed remote expert analysis and support for wellsite personnel to (1) interpret formation characteristics for optimized treatment design and (2) analyze treatment pressure/rate data for selected placement of WPCI sealants.
Offshore Run: A Model of Working and Living in Harmony
Authors: Khantong A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The offshore environment is a unique working place. Workers must live and work together for at least 14 days or more. They are faced with long working hours, shift work, and the feelings of being separated from their families and friends. There can be boredom when daily assignments become routine. Acknowledging these facts, Unocal Thailand Health and Medical Services has organized a special program to harmonize living and working offshore to create a better working atmosphere. The Offshore Run, a special charity event sponsored by the company, not only promotes healthy exercise but also provides an opportunity to join together to achieve a common milestone. This allows employees to demonstrate their unity, commitment and spirit for a worthy cause.
A Common Approach to Accessing Real-Time Operations Data: Introducing Service- Oriented Architecture to E&P
Authors: Gregovic R. M. , Foreman R. , Forrester D. , Carroll J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Due to the high degree of diversity in which real-time operations and production data is stored and distributed within BP-indeed, within almost any large oil company today-E&P professionals who carry out similar activities in different assets or business units must access data in distinctly different ways. Therefore, any attempt to implement a "standard" application requires IT personnel to have intimate knowledge of the underlying data sources within every asset. Scale up and rapid adoption across multiple assets of either new or proven digital technologies is extremely difficult as well, due to disparate IT architectures.
The challenges and complexities caused by lack of standardization have fostered rampant development of local, costly, and time-consuming "point solutions"-typically "hard-wired" point-to-point connections between each data source and each application, whether proprietary or commercial. This familiar approach to integration seriously compromises the organization's technical flexibility in the face of ongoing business changes. As a result, business units within BP have increasingly requested standardized digital solutions that would enable seamless data flow among different classes of E&P applications and business processes.
The Real-Time Architecture Project (RTAP), initiated in 2003, now provides a common approach for all assets to access real-time production operations data. It is built around a simple connection technology capable of integrating a wide range of tools such as production reporting, real-time visualization and active alerting with new or existing data sources of many kinds. RTAP utilizes "Web Service" technologies, which create highly flexible interfaces based on established and emerging Internet standards.
BP's ultimate goal is to implement a common, standards-based architecture for data access and integration, replacing the large number of custom, proprietary interfaces currently in use. Since launching RTAP two years ago, significant progress has been made toward this goal, with the intent of expanding the current implementation to a next-generation "Service Oriented Architecture" (SOA) in the near future. This paper provides a review of the RTAP project's origins and development efforts, BP's rationale for this approach, a high-level, non-technical description of the solution, an overview of associated business benefits, and a case study validating the approach. The potential for Service Oriented Architectures in E&P-which represent a paradigm shift in how IT is developed and deployed-and the need for industry standards in this exciting new area, will also be discussed.
Human Factors—Health and Safety as a Priority in Design Experience from the Norwegian Petroleum Industry
Authors: Høivik D. , Throndsen T. I. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Human Factors (HF) currently have a high focus in the Petroleum Industry in Norway. The ultimate purpose of HF methods and knowledge is to establish a work situation that is efficient and safe and promotes the health of the workers. HF methods and knowledge contribute to create an efficient and reliable interaction between man, technology and organisation. A systematic HF analysis in design is one of the efforts contributions to improve HSE results.
The Good Practices in HS&E Management of Contractors
Authors: Lang K. , Burnett N. , Allan D. , Fergusson A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Contractor Management is a key issue for operators to ensure effective Health, Safety and Environmental performance at their drilling and production locations. However, operators managing contractors working for multiple clients, at multiple sites face differing styles and requirements, yet must maintain a high performance safety culture across their activities in accordance with their own policies and requirements.
This paper describes one contractor's perceptions of the HSE Management Systems used by UK North Sea operators. The methodology employed in the study included questionnaires and interviews to determine perception of operator methods and effectiveness. This sought to identify the following. The key drivers in the operators intent in managing contractor HS&EWhat the Operator did to assist contractor HS&E effortWhat the Operator could have done better to improve contractor HS&E effort andWhat the Operator could have done additionally to improve contractor HS&E effort.
Data from personnel at various points in the supply chain were collected. Personnel included senior managers, account managers, field co-ordinators, wellsite engineers and HS&E Managers. The information and experience provides an insight into working together to improve HS&E.
The underlying mechanisms and behaviors within the management systems are discussed. Contractor perception of best practice and improvement opportunities is described. It is anticipated that this is of value in establishing and developing systems to manage contractors and to contractors who seek to work effectively with clients.
Real-Time Basin Modeling: Improving Geopressure and Earth-Stress Predictions
Authors: Standifird W. , Matthews M. D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Basin modeling is an effective tool for pore pressure prediction. A model that can be updated as new data is acquired can provide a Look Ahead prediction that may be valid for several thousand feet ahead of the bit.A new modeling program is described that has proven effective both in pre-drill analysis and in while-drilling situations for a variety of geologic regimes. In the recently completed DEA 119 Phase 2 study, pressure gradients were predicted to less s than 1 ppg for the whole well in 62% of blind test analyses. In numerous wells, real time updating of the basin model has proved effective at narrowing the envelope of pore pressure and Earth stress uncertainty ahead of the bit.
The model utilizes conventional compaction principles derived from seismic and/or well gradient logs as calibration. It combines this information with geologic-based information (ages, thickness, porosity and lithology) to predict the geopressure environment that will be encountered by the well.
As the well is drilled, new information becomes available that will either confirm or refute the original geopressure prediction. This new data is well-specific and can be used to update the basin model. The data ahead of the bit still contains all of the information that is known about the area and has not been changed by the addition of the real time data. Adjusting the model with the newly acquired data will therefore reduce the envelope of uncertainty that existed in the original model and update the prediction with the new information. This updating is performed in real time and is available while the well is being drilled.
An early example of basin modeling in a real time look ahead mode is shown to demonstrate the challenges that have been addressed to date. Through careful examination of a case where performance could have been better, the authors reveal the weaknesses of the approach such that they can be better understood.Furthermore, the example demonstrates the capability to update the prediction of pore pressure ahead of the bit and use this advance prediction for other solutions such as wellbore stability computations. Aggregated look ahead performance results from five other projects are revealed that demonstrate the ability of this technology to provide information to operators that can improve the safety and performance of well construction.
Health Management at Workplace
Authors: Lim M. 
Published: December 2007

Background
The effort to implement a workplace health programme began two years ago, when the company was reviewing the staff fitness level and safety. It was found that age has a bearing on physical health.
The age profile indicator affirms a need to implement measures to promote a healthy lifestyle as most of the oil spill specialists are in their 40s and have been with the company since inception.
In addition, great emphasis is being placed on the company preparedness as a Tier 3 oil spill response centre. The company is on standby 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Staff fitness and safety are paramount. Thus there is a need to build up staff fitness stamina by implementing wellness programme to promote healthy lifestyle.
Behavior Based Safety—Implementation, Learnings and Results of Loss Prevention System in ExxonMobil Malaysia
Authors: Kathirgamanathan T. , Wong T. K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The safety performance of ExxonMobil's Malaysian operations is among the best in the company worldwide. One of the key contributing factors for the success is the adoption of a Behavior Based Safety (BBS) management system to achieve a breakthrough in safety performance, which had plateaued in the mid-1990s. A BBS process known as the Loss Prevention System (LPS) was implemented in 1999. Since then, steady improvements have been achieved.
ExxonMobil Malaysia's (EMM's) application of BBS has been successful due to the use of effective, proactive tools, and a focused commitment from all levels of the organization. Using the LPS model, the EMM BBS implementation included the use of the following tools: A personal work behavior self-assessment,A behavior observation of work performed by colleagues,Job safety analyses,Incident and near miss investigations, andRoot cause analysis of incidents, near misses, and deviations from standards.
The process emphasizes proactive interactions, positive reinforcement, and constructive improvement suggestions to encourage safe behavior. A key ingredient of the process is the job expertise of the workers themselves and their colleagues, regardless of whether they are employees or contractors. The effort also defined roles and responsibilities for all levels of the EMM organization, from the field operators to senior management. Active involvement at all levels has been a significant factor in the success of the BBS process in EMM.
This paper describes the BBS tools, action steps, learnings, and results of that experience in the EMM operation.
Biodiversity Management in Oil and Gas Sector—Indian Scenario
Authors: Gomathi M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Biodiversity management is a fast emerging challenging issue shaping the future of global exploration of oil and gas industry. The objective of the paper is to envision this "highly sensitive challenge" as an " appealing sustainable opportunity" and thereby balance the scales of ‘environment’ and ‘development’ in this sector. This paper is based on experiences of a global oil and gas major, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC), India in operating in such sensitive areas and an in-depth study of various International case studies, policies and publications.
The paper highlights the increasing need for factoring biodiversity management as a key corporate issue in the risk management of E&P business, gives a broad overview of experiences /constraints/critical issues of operation in such environments, relevant National legal framework and upcoming revisions, ONGC's Corporate HSE policies, best administrative and operational Management practices and attempts to chart a roadmap in dealing with the biodiversity issues faced by the oil and gas sector in the Indian context.
Though various global initiatives have called for "multi stakeholder partnerships", "Impact mitigation strategies" and "Integrated Environment & Social Impact Assessment process", this paper strongly advocates the following two strategies The need for development of tailor made "performance rating" matrix model for Biodiversity Management for oil and gas sector to assess/measure the actual strategies adopted by a company in its attempt to reduce its operational footprints in sensitive environments. In the absence such rating systems, the Government, Industry and Conservation organizations shall continue to grapple over a series of bargains over accessibility, funding and conservation options in these areasFormation of "Merger initiatives" in India as "Sustainable Development Partnerships" under aegis of Ministry with various stakeholders as members
These shall Pave way for a consistent policy in dealing with bio diversity management in this sectorEnsure transparent workable relationships between industry/government/public to achieve sustainable equitable sharing of benefits.
High-Pressure Jet Kerf Drilling Shows Significant Potential to Increase ROP
Authors: Cohen J. H. , Deskins G. , Rogers J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The most effective approach to reduce the cost of drilling oil and gas wells is to increase penetration rates. Researchers have investigated means to drill rock faster for many years, and jet-assisted drilling is one approach that has been considered various times. While incorporating various jetting techniques into the drilling process has been found to be effective in increasing penetration rates, problems with leaks, system reliability, and high costs have prevented widespread application of high-pressure (HP) jetting technology.
An R&D project[1] sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy was undertaken to develop and field test a HP drilling system based on employing specially designed jet bits to erode radial kerfs (grooves) in the rock which are then broken off by the mechanical cutters. Tools required for jet kerf drilling (JKD) were successfully developed and tested in the laboratory and field.
This project's original concept was to employ coiled tubing (CT) to convey the BHA into the well. Later in the effort, rotary drilling with jointed pipe was also investigated and successfully implemented using an upgraded conventional rig and commercial double-shouldered drill pipe.
Project highlights include development and testing of HP motors and jet kerfing bits, a field test using a CT-based drilling system, and a second field test using conventional rotary drilling equipment. Based on these successes, JKD is now highlighted as a technology that has potential to increase penetration rates while remaining reliable and economic.
Implementation of JKD tools and techniques within the USA gas and oil industry is now feasible. However, it will not be a simple process, with the current business environment remaining the most challenging hurdle. Successful implementation will require close cooperation from drilling contractors, operators, and bit manufacturers.
Macrobentihic Community as Environmental Pollution Indicator
Authors: Kulleh J. A. , Kip S. H. , Seng L. T. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Shell Malaysia is an exploration, and production (EP) oil and gas company in Malaysia, a contractor to the national oil company, Petroliam Nasional Malaysia (PETRONAS), operating in Malaysia since 1910. Initially, explorations and production of oil and gas were land-based, but are now entirely in the marine environment, since the late sixties.
In 1981, the first of a series of quantitative environmental assessment studies was carried out on the nearshore marine environment at the crude oil terminals at Bintulu, Lutong and Labuan, as well as offshore oilfield platforms – Temana A, Temana B, West Lutong a, B & C.
It was not the company's intention right from the beginning to assess every living resource in area of its operations, but through carefully selected parameters that were relevant and effects that are measurable as indicator for environmental stress. The resource selected for quantitative study was the macrobenthic communities, which are important indicators of water quality. The individual is referred to as macrobenthos. These macrobenthos are relative long-lived and do not move far away once they have settled in a particular area.
In the first environmental assessment study in 1981, an impact-reference sampling design was adapted because of the absence of historical baseline data for the macrobenthic community. Reference sites were chosen to be as similar as possible, in term of exposure and geomorphology, to impacted sites. In subsequent assessment studies, reference sites may not be necessary.
Three environmental assessment studies are used to illustrate the use of macrobenthos as pollution indicators in Shell Malaysia EP operational areas. The first case is the use of oil-based mud at Erb West oil field at water depth of 60m. Pre-drill and post-drill environmental assessments were performed. The macrobenthic community was drastically reduced within the 100m from drilling center. This reduction correlated with the elevated level of hydrocarbons.
The second case was the effects of effluent discharge from Labuan crude oil terminal, one of the first sites chosen by Shell Malaysia EP for environmental assessment in 1981. This site was again studied in 1993 and 2004. The changes observed in the structure of the macrobenthic community in these 3 studies showed a pattern similar to that of organisms responding to organic enrichment. The analysis of the macrobenthos data indicated the site studied there has improved from a polluted environment in 1981 and 1993, to one of a much cleaner environment in 2004.
The third case was the recovery of intertidal macrobenthos from crude oil spilled from Bintulu crude oil terminal in 1996. The analysis of the macrobenthos data indicated the recovery of the macrobenthos within three months in exposed intertidal zone, but more than a year in enclosed bay.
It is very important that raw data of any environmental studies be included in the reports, which are accessible for review.
Seismic Facies Identification and Classification Using Simple Statistics
Authors: John A. , Lake L. W. , Torres-Verdin C. , Srinivasan S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The identification and mapping of rock facies is important to reliable reservoir characterization. Traditionally, facies identification and mapping is based on inspection of core data and/or well-log signatures, a procedure that has subjective aspects as it is relies on samples from only a very small portion of the reservoir. Such identification is also difficult to perform at the onset of the exploration stage due to lack of sufficient well data. This paper demonstrates a simple, practical approach to identify and classifiy facies from seismic amplitude data using basic statistical concepts.
Within a geologic facies, measured properties (in this case acoustic impedance or AI) are assumed to differ mainly as a result of random additive events and are modeled by a normal distribution, as justified by the central limit theorem. The facies are identified by estimating the combination of facies volume fractions and distribution parameters (means and standard deviations of the facies probability density function), that best fit the population distribution of AI. A simple form of Bayes theorem is then used to compute the probability of occurrence of each of the facies at the measured locations. This generates a volume of facies probabilities corresponding to the seismic volume. Such a volume can be used to perform facies-specific petrophysical analysis or be a starting point to generate multiple realizations of petrophysical properties. The approach is easy and transparent to use with no significant computational requirements even on large data sets.
We describe an application of the procedure to a synthetic reference data set and a Gulf of Mexico AI data set. Mapped probabilities of the individual facies show the spatial continuity and geologic character of the underlying depositional environment. Property values within the mapped regions are substantially less variable than the original data over the entire region. The within-facies semivariograms exhibit much less spatial correlation than across all facies. Since the facies are mapped over an exhaustive data volume, this approach considerably reduces the need for the geostatistical construction of property distributions within them as long as a high correlation exists between the seismic attribute and petrophysical properties.