bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micronucleus assay in human fibroblasts: A measure of spontaneous chromosomal instability and mutagen hypersensitivity
Authors: Rudd Noreen L. , Hoar David I. , Greentree Carol L. , Dimnik Leo S. , Hennig Ursula G. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy comparing fibroblast strains derived from individuals exhibiting chromosome instability and/or mutagen hypersensitivity (Cockayne syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, and Fanconi anemia) with strains derived from healthy donors, the fibroblast micronucleus assay has been established as a reproducible measure of the genotypic variation in spontaneous or mitomycin C (MMC)‐induced chromosomal instability. The patient strains that were moderately or exquisitely sensitive to MMC could be distinguished readily from the control strains, both in levels of spontaneous micronuclei (probably related to chromosome breakage) and in sensitivity to MMC, whereas the mildly sensitive strain (Cockayne syndrome) overlapped with the control range. The reproducibility of the assay was evaluated within and between experiments. Paired comparison analyses between duplicate cultures and between repeat experiments failed to show any significant differences between micronucleus frequencies within strains, whereas a significant difference in the spontaneous micronucleus frequencies between strains was observed. In addition to its value as a test system for genotoxins, the fibroblast micronucleus assay may be useful for investigating genetically determined hypersensitivity to mutagens, elevated spontaneous chromosomal breakage, and chromosome segregation errors.
Mutagenicity of products generated by the reaction between several antiparasitic drugs and nitrite
Authors: Alba M. Arriaga , Espinosa J. , De Nava C. Cortinas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDrugs containing secondary aliphatic amines, heterocyclic nitrogen, or secondary aliphatic amido groups (chloroquine, dehydroemetine, mebendazole, and piperazine) and pyrimidine derivatives such as pyrantel pamoate were reacted in vitro with sodium nitrite at pH 3.7 and became mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535. The products derived from the nitrosation of chloroquine and dehydroemetine required metabolic activation by mammalian hepatic S9 to be mutagenic. The N‐nitroso derivatives of mebendazole, piperazine, and pyrantel pamoate were mutagenic with and without S9, although more activity was noted in the presence of S9 with the nitrosated compounds formed from mebendazole and piperazine. Under identical conditions, no mutagenic products were detected from quaternary ammonium salts such as bephenium hydroxynaphthoate or drugs containing tertiary heterocyclic amino groups, such as iodochlorhydroxyquin.
Responses of the l5178y tk+/tk− mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay: III. 72 Coded chemicals
Authors: McGregor Douglas B. , Brown Alison , Cattanach Pamela , Edwards Ian , McBride Douglas , Riach Colin , Caspary William J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeventy‐two chemicals were tested for their mutagenic potential in the L5178Y tk+/− mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay, using procedures based upon those described by Clive and Spector (Mutat Res 44:269‐278, 1975) and Clive et al. (Mutat Res 59:61‐108, 1979). Cultures were exposed to the chemicals for 4 hr, then cultured for 2 days before plating in soft agar with or without trifluorothymidine (TFT), 3 μg/ml. The chemicals were tested at least twice. Significant responses were obtained with allyl isothiocyanate, p‐benzoquinone dioxime, benzyl acetate, 2‐biphenylamine HCl, bis(2‐chloro‐1‐methylethyl)ether, cadmium chloride, chlordane, chlorobenzene, chlorobenzilate, 2‐chloroethanol, chlorothalonil, cytarabine‐HCl, p,p′‐DDE, diazinon, 2,6‐dichloro‐p‐phenylenediamine, N,N‐diethylthiourea, diglycidylresorcinol ether, 2,4‐dimethoxy aniline‐HCl, disperse yellow 3, endosulfan, 1,2‐epoxyhexa‐decane, ethyl acrylate, ethyl benzene, ethylene thiourea, F D and C yellow Number 6, furan, heptachlor, isophorone, mercuric chloride, 4,4′‐methylenedianiline 2 HCl, methyl viologen, nickel sulfate‐6H2O, 4,4′‐oxydianiline, pentachloroethane, piperonyl butoxide, propyl gallate, quinoline, rotenone, 2,4,5,6‐tetrachloro‐4‐nitro‐anisole, 1,1,1,2‐tetrachloroethane, trichlorfon, 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol, 2,4,5‐trimetho‐xybenzaldehyde, 1,1,3‐trimethyl‐2‐thiourea, 1‐vinyl‐3‐cyclopetene dioxide, vinyl toluene, and ziram.Apart from 2‐biphenylamine‐HCl, 2‐chloroethanol, disperse yellow 3, ethylene thiourea, FD and C yellow number 6, phenol, and 1,1,2‐tetrachloroethane, rat liver S9 mix was not a requirement for these compounds.Chemicals not identified as mutagens were acid red, 11‐aminoundecanoic acid, boric acid, 5‐chloro‐o‐toluidine, coumaphos, cyclohexanone, decabromodiphenyl oxide, di(2‐ethylhexyl)adipate, ferric chloride, fluometuron, melamine, monuron, phenesterin, phthalimide, reserpine, sodium dodecyl sulfate, 4,4‐sulfonyldianiline, tetrachloroethylene, and zearalenone.The assay was incapable of providing a clear indication of whether some chemicals were mutagens; these were benzyl alcohol, 1,4‐dichlorobenzene, phenol, succinic acid‐2,2‐dimethyl hydrazide, and toluene.
Persistence of sce‐inducing lesions in lymphocytes of mice exposed to diaziquone
Authors: Kligermana A. D. , Bryant M. F. , Erexson G. L. , Rabinowitz J. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMale C57B1/6 mice were injected i.p. with either 1.25 or 5.0 mg/kg diaziquone (AZQ) and killed at various time intervals from 1 to 99 days post treatment for examination of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) persistence in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and splenocytes. SCE frequencies were found to decay steeply during the first week after exposure in both PBLs and splenocytes. This pattern was followed by a slower decline to baseline over the next week. However, high‐frequency cell (HFC) analysis indicates that significant numbers of HFCs persist in the PBLs through day 28 and splenocytes at day 99 post exposure. Mathematical modeling of the time‐response curves indicates that the average life span of the majority of AZQ‐induced SCE‐producing lesions in murine PBLs and splenocytes responsive to phytohemagglutinin is between 3 and 5 days.
Mutagenic potency at the na+ /k+ atpase locus correlates with cycle‐dependent killing of 10t1/2 cells
Authors: Smith Gary J. , Grisham Joe W. , Bentley Karin S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPerturbation of DNA replication by chemical‐DNA adducts produced by exposure to mutagenic/carcinogenic chemicals results in mutagenic or cytotoxic damage in the DNA. Demonstration of a correlation between cell cycle dependency of cytotoxicity and point mutation at the Na+/K+ ATPase gene could suggest that the two consequences of chemical exposure are caused by the same damage in the template DNA and that both are mediated through DNA replication‐associated mechanisms. N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine, N‐ethyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine, 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide, and benzo(a)pyrene‐trans‐7,8‐dihydrodiol‐9, 10‐epoxide demonstrated cell cycle‐related patterns of cytotoxicity in 10T1/2 cells, with maximal cell killing produced by exposure in early S phase, and were highly efficient mutagens of the Na+/K+ ATPase gene relative to their cytotoxic potential. In contrast, methyl methanesulfonate and N‐acetoxy‐N‐2‐fluorenylacetamide were maximally cytotoxic in ceil populations exposed in early G1 phase and were weak mutagens of the Na+/K+ ATPase gene at comparable levels of cytotoxicity. These data suggest that mutagenic/carcinogenic chemicals that are effective at producing mutations by misreplication kill cells by a related mechanism that may be associated with the perturbation of DNA replication.
Proposals for standardized protocols for cytogenetic analyses of acute leukemias, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloproliferative disorders, and myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Haferlach Claudia , Rieder Harald , Lillington Debra M. , Dastugue Nicole , Hagemeijer Anne , Harbott Jochen , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Knuutila Sakari , Johansson Bertil , Fonatsch Christa ,   on behalf of the European Leukemia Net–Workpackage Cytogenetics
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe impact of cytogenetic characterization based on chromosome banding analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization on clinical decision making has increased dramatically during recent years. Therefore, laboratory techniques have to be optimized to provide reliable results for optimal patient care. In addition, quick and correct results save time and money by preventing unnecessary additional diagnostics and suboptimal treatment approaches. It was our aim to present proposals for standardized protocols to improve the diagnosis, and hence the treatment outcome, of hematologic malignancies. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic imaging in head and neck disease: Current applications of ultrasound
Authors: Scheible F. William , Leopold George R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDiagnostic ultrasound has become firmly established as a key imaging modality in obstetrics and gynecology. Its role in abdominal and retroperitoneal disease is also well known and continues to expand. Although usage of ultrasound in the head and neck had its beginnings many years ago, the advent of newer high‐resolution transducers has allowed for further investigation of diseases in this area. Of particular interest are the thyroid gland and the extracranial carotid arteries. This review summarizes the current utility of gray‐scale and real‐time ultrasound in evaluating head and neck disease, and discusses potential future applications of the modality.
Disability and rehabilitation in head and neck cancer patients after treatment
Authors: Olson Marian L. , Shedd Donald P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an effort to obtain quantitative and qualitative information regarding the extent of disability sustained following definitive treatment for head and neck cancer, 51 patients–28 who had had laryngectomy and 23 who had had other major surgery–were interviewed. Also examined were the types of rehabilitation measures taken. In all cases, the following areas in which disability could occur were identified and explored: physical appearance, speech, deglutition, mastication, salivation, sensory deficits, cranial motor‐nerve deficits, pain, nutrition, activities of daily living, psychosocial functioning, vocational status, environmental parameters, and delayed complications. Where appropriate, ratings and delineations of severity were compiled. Nine methods of rehabilitation were assessed with regard to frequency of utilization: surgical reconstruction, dental‐maxillofacial prosthetics, speech therapy, physical therapy, rehabilitation nursing, occupational therapy, vocational rehabilitation, rehabilitation counseling, and social service. Our conclusions were that half of the patients studied had sustained significant disability in three to four areas, while 43% had moderate or severe disability in five to nine areas. Additionally, the head and neck surgeon was found to have used surgical reconstructive and dental‐maxillofacial prosthetic measures, as well as the services of seven categories of allied health professionals, to provide rehabilitation.
The pathology of head and neck tumors: Salivary glands, part 1
Authors: Batsakis John G. , Regezi Joseph A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe surgical pathology of the head and neck is perhaps the most demanding of all subdivisions of pathology. It is demanding both for the pathologist and for the head and neck surgeon–who, as a team, must provide optimal patient care. Beginning with this issue of HEAD & NECK SURGERY, a series will be presented dealing with the clinicopathologic aspects of head and neck tumors. The authors have chosen to begin with the salivary glands, and in this report they present a concept of histogenesis and classification as well as an analysis of (1) salivarygland tumors in children, (2) the relationship between breast carcinoma and salivary‐gland carcinoma, (3) the status of radiation induction of salivary‐gland tumors, and (4) the clinicopathologic aspects of tumors of the salivary oncocyte.
Neurilemoma of the larynx: A case study
Authors: Nanson Eric M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNeurilemoma of the larynx is not common. Thus far, 86 cases have been described in the literature. In this study, another case, occurring in a 67‐year‐old woman, is discussed. The potential danger of the lesion is emphasized. The most common nerve of origin is thought to be the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Removal via a lateral pharyngotomy is advocated for larger tumors.
Temporal artery‐based forehead flap
Authors: Mathog Robert H. , Smith Raymond O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe historical development of the forehead flap is reviewed, and an operative experience using delayed and nondelayed techniques in 30 cases is described. The reliability of the forehead flap is evaluated with regard to patient morbidity and correction of deformity and dysfunction in such sites as the cheek, lip, corner of the mouth, floor of the mouth, tongue, pharyngeal wall, and tonsil. Analyses include length of hospital stay and complications, as well as the relationship of these factors to the methods employed in the reconstructive processes. The advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques are illustrated using individual cases.
Chemosurgery for the microscopically controlled excision of cutaneous cancer
Authors: Mohs Frederic E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCancer of the skin and of other accessible structures can be removed under complete microscopic control if the cancerous area is excised layer by layer, and if the undersurface of each layer is then examined under the microscope through systematic use of frozen sections. If the cancer is extensive and complicated, or if the neoplasm is of a type that is readily disseminated, the tissues are fixed in situ with zinc chloride prior to the excision of each layer (fixed‐tissue technique). If the cancer is not overly extensive or complicated, the layers of tissue are excised in the fresh, unfixed state (fresh‐tissue technique). Both methods are highly reliable. In two consecutive series of basal‐cell carcinomas treated chemosurgically, the five‐year cure rate achieved was 99.3% for the 9,351 lesions removed by the fixed‐tissue technique, and 98.1% for the 196 lesions removed by the fresh‐tissue method.
Electron microscopy in the diagnosis of head and neck tumors
Authors: Battifora Hector , Applebaum Edward L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix patients with malignant head and neck tumors are shown to have required electron microscopy for accurate diagnosis. In all of these tumors, there were ultrastructural features of cytodifferentiation that were not discernible by light microscopy, such as neurosecretory granules, desmosomes, cytoplasmic processes, tonofibrils, and myofilaments. Electron microscopy is helpful in the differential diagnosis of tumors in general, but its effectiveness is particularly apparent in small‐cell “undifferentiated” tumors such as neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, undifferentiated squamous‐cell carcinoma of the lymphoepithelioma type, and malignant lymphoma. It has also been helpful in the identification of amelanotic melanoma and spindle‐cell carcinoma.
The pathology of head and neck tumors: Salivary glands, part 3
Authors: Batsakis John G. , Regezi Joseph A. , Bloch Daniel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe term adenoma is applied to a rather wide variety of histopathologic entities in the salivary glands. These include tumors derived from the ductal epithelium and/or from myoepithelial cells and other salivarygland elements, such as the sebaceous glands. Within the categories of mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma), monomorphic adenoma, clear‐cell tumor, and sebaceous lesions, there are also several subtypes, each of which lends further credence to the germinative potential of the salivary tissues. Presented in this report is a clinicopathologic and histogenetic analysis of these lesions. Specifically discussed are mixed tumor, monomorphic adenoma, carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenoma, clear‐cell tumor, sebaceous lymphadenoma, and sebaceous carcinoma.
Embryonic development of the head and neck: Part 1, an overview
Authors: Wilson Doris B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCurrent research problems and approaches to the embryonic development of the head and neck are surveyed and discussed in terms of congenital defects that occur in this region. Of particular significance are new interpretations of the contributions the neural crest cells make to various components of the head and neck, the influence that the brain and notochord exert on the overall morphology of the head region, the tissue interactions involved in the development and differentiation of the pituitary gland (hypophysis), and the significance of vascular perturbations with respect to malformations in the craniofacial region.
Epidemiology of cancer of the nose and paranasal sinuses: Current concepts
Authors: Roush George C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCancer of the nose and paranasal sinuses (SNC) has been attributed to occupational exposure to nickel, chromium, radium dichlordiethyl sulphide, isopropyl oil, and hydrocarbons. Occupational groups with an increased SNC risk include furniture, boot and shoe workers, and workers in U.S. counties heavily involved in both petroleum and chemical manufacturing; specific agents have not been identified with certainty. In most of the studies, the risk for developing SNC in the exposed workers was 21 to 100+ times greater than the risk for SNC in those who were not exposed. Undifferentiated and squamous histologies are associated with nickel refining; adenocarcinomas are found in woodworkers, boot and shoe manufacturers, and textile workers. Most occupations at risk for SNC were also at risk for cancer of other sites, particulary lung and skin cancer. Study of the epidemiology of SNC may identify unrecognized carcinogens and occupational groups at increased cancer risk.
Melanoma of the conjunctiva—A rational approach to management
Authors: Birns Jeffrey W. , Jenkins Herman A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEleven of 12 patients treated for invasive melanomas of the conjunctiva at the UCLA Hospitals from 1955 to 1976 revealed data sufficient for evaluation. Of these 11 cases, 4 died from 3 to 13 years after treatment as a result of the disease. The plan presented for surgical management of melanosis is based on histologic criteria and on the anatomic location of the tumor. In this series, such management ranged from local excision of noninvasive melanotic lesions to orbital exenteration with parotidectomy and radical neck dissection for invasive melanomas that involved the palpebral conjunctiva or caruncle. Extended follow‐up is needed in all patients.
Head and neck cancer—Emotional management
Authors: Herzon Fred S. , Boshier Maureen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe complete care of a patient with head and neck cancer should attend to the emotional as well as the physical aspects of the disease; usually the physical component of the disease is emphasized, while care of the emotional response of the patient and family is rarely addressed. There is no single, caring way to respond or cope with the emotional aspects of this disease. Nonetheless, it should be underscored that communication between the providers of health care (i.e., physician, nurse, aid, therapist, etc.) and the patient and family should be maintained during all phases of care. This article describes an approach to providing emotional support to cancer patients and their families during the phases of initial diagnosis and treatment, posttherapy, rehabilitation, recurrence, dying, and death. The emotional response of the health care provider in these circumstances is also addressed.
Role of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer: Systemic use of single agents and combinations in advanced disease
Authors: Muggia Franco M. , Rozencweig Marcel , Louie Arthur E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemotherapy of head and neck cancer has recently been receiving increasing attention as a treatment modality. The basis for this interest has been the availability of at least three agents with reproducible antitumor activity: methotrexate, bleomycin, and cisplatinum (diamminedichloroplatinum). These agents alone or in combination have been demonstrated to be of palliative value in patients whose disease recurs or is too advanced for other therapeutic modalities. Although the multiple drug regimens used have not been curative, their relative effectiveness has raised hopes that, in combination with other modalities, they may lead to improvements in survival and in local control in earlier stages of disease. In addition, as a result of multimodality approaches, it is hoped that it may be possible to identify the role of chemotherapy and specific agents in the treatment of various sites of origin of these tumors. The interaction of chemotherapy and radiation—and the use of intraarterial chemotherapy—fall beyond the scope of this review but constitute another important aspect for investigation in the treatment of these malignancies.
Embryonic development of the head and neck: Part 4, organs of special sense
Authors: Wilson Doris B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA synopsis of the embryonic development of the eye, the ear, and the olfactory organ and taste buds is presented. The eye is discussed in terms of the sensory and nonsensory portions of the eyeball and of such associated structures as the extrinsic eye muscles, eyelids, conjuctiva, and lacrimal apparatus. The embryology of the internal, middle, and external ear is reviewed, as well as positional changes of both the eye and ear relative to other structures of the head and neck. Various congenital defects affecting the eye and ear are also discussed.
An adjunctive technique to rhinoplasty of the aging nose
Authors: Kabaker Sheldon S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report presents a simple, valuable adjunct to rhinoplasty in the specific case of senile elastosis. This type of skin will not contract as in younger individuals, and tip ptosis is quite often a problem in the senile nose. Described is a semilunar skin excision of the nasal dorsum in a large nose undergoing primary or revisionary rhinoplasty. Correction of tip ptosis occurring many years after rhinoplasty or its prevention in large, elderly noses undergoing rhinoplasty is presented.
Embryonic development of the head and neck: Part 5, the brain and cranium
Authors: Wilson Doris B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development of the brain is presented with respect to closure of the neural tube, the formation of the five vesicles of the brain and their derivatives, and the cranial flexures. The cranial nerves, meninges, choroid plexuses, and cerebral vasculature are also discussed. The origin and ossification of the bony elements of the head and neck, including the neurocranium, viscerocranium, and cervical vertebrae, are described, as well as major congenital defects of the brain and the cranium.
Myocutaneous flaps for head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Ariyan Stephan , Cuono Charles B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe recent development of myocutaneous flaps has ushered in an era of one‐stage reconstructions, which have changed the patterns of surgery for head and neck cancer. This article reviews the development of these flaps and the clinical applications at various sites of the head and neck. Personal experience with 31 consecutive myocutaneous flaps confirms the versatility and reliability of these new techniques.