bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong dynamic interaction control of an offshore wind-thermal power plant-energy storage system based on an unsupervised feature generation algorithm
Authors: Wang Haojing , Zhang Yu , Yang Jiaxin , Fang Chen , Liu Daqian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The traditional strong dynamic interactive control method for energy storage systems in offshore wind power plants mainly uses MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) multiple output state transfer function models to complete control feedback, which is easily affected by changes in the length of the connecting line, resulting in excessive control fluctuations. Therefore, a strong dynamic interactive control method for the energy storage system of offshore wind power plants based on an unsupervised feature generation algorithm is proposed. A strong dynamic interactive control model is built for the energy storage system of offshore wind power plants. An unsupervised feature generation algorithm is adopted to achieve weak dynamic interactive control of offshore wind thermal energy storage system. The experimental results show that the designed method has low control fluctuation amplitude, reliability, and certain application values.
Pressure control strategy for the coking chamber of RLS-GPC coke oven
Authors: Yan Qiang , Bo He Rong , Qing Ning Fang , Tong Chen Xi , Cheng Chao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes a generalized predictive control strategy for the pressure control of the coke oven coking chamber to address the nonlinear production, large inertia, and the difficulty in accurately constructing a mathematical model. Firstly, the RLS algorithm is used to identify the model parameters of the coke oven coking chamber. Secondly, the generalized predictive control algorithm is introduced to control the model. Finally, the effectiveness of the control strategy is verified by the simulation of the control strategy in MATLAB. The engineering application shows that the proposed control strategy has a good control effect and better anti-jamming capability.
Research on simulation optimization of water-wind-solar-storage multi-energy complementary operation based on heuristic feasible solution strategies
Authors: Li Jingyi , Lu Youlin , Lu Peng , Wang Xu , Dong Chuang , Guo Peng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There are various types of power sources in the cascade water-wind-solar-storage clean energy base around the basin. The joint operation conditions are complex. It not only requires the base to meet the needs of the receiving-end power system as a whole but also needs to implement the optimal operation of water-storage joint compensation to solve the problem of new energy consumption and optimal allocation of resources. This paper proposes an optimization method for the operation simulation of multi-energy complementation of water, wind, photovoltaic, and energy storage based on a heuristic feasible solution strategy. It efficiently solves the joint-operation optimization model that considers multiple constraints and aims at optimizing the system’s power generation. By deriving the feasible corridors of complex constraints, it takes into account the universality, practicability, and high efficiency of the algorithm solution, providing strong technical support for the operation simulation of the current typical multi-energy complementary power generation systems of cascade HPPs, wind farms, photovoltaic plants, and energy-storage facilities in river basins.
Modeling and simulation of the two-phase parallel three-level buck converter
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Zuo Dongsheng , Xu Chen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The two-phase shunt three-level Buck converter is a new type of DC-DC converter, whose main feature is that it combines the shunt two-phase and three-level conversion techniques. The structural design of this converter includes multiple switching devices, and the step-down conversion of the input voltage is achieved by rationally controlling the conduction and shutdown of the switches. The converter utilizes a three-level topology to optimize current sharing and voltage control by connecting multiple Buck modules in parallel. In this paper, each operating mode is analyzed and mathematically modeled, and closed-loop control strategies such as voltage loop control, current loop control, average capacitor voltage control, and average inductor current control are used to ensure the balanced operation of each module. Finally, Simulink is used to simulate the system, and a PI controller is used to achieve the closed-loop control, and the simulation results prove the effectiveness and accuracy of the model.
Performance analysis of parallel flow heat exchanger based on water and R134a
Authors: Cheng Hao , Li Yingzi , Chang Yunlong , Cheng Quan , Yuan Weixing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study constructs and validates a heat transfer model of a PFHE applied in data center cabinet cooling systems, using water and R134a as working fluids. By comparing with experimental data, the specific impacts of the two working fluids on the heat exchanger performance are thoroughly analyzed. Findings indicate that compared to water, R134a demonstrates superior uniformity in outlet air temperature and its cooling capacity is 1.23 to 2.27 times that of water. However, the pressure drop in the two-phase heat exchange of R134a is generally higher than that of water during single-phase heat exchange. Furthermore, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the effects of working fluid flow rate, air flow rate, inlet air temperature, and flat tube thickness on cooling capacity, pressure drop, outlet air temperature, and coefficient of performance (COP).
The research on the preparation and lithium storage performance of starch-based hard carbon anodes using the doping-coating method
Authors: Huang Aoqi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study explored the conversion of corn starch into hard carbon anodes for lithium-ion batteries, with an emphasis on the impact of nitrogen doping via melamine and the application of a PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) coating on the resulting microstructure and battery performance. Findings revealed that at a carbonization point of 1000°C, the melamine-based nitrogen doping technique successfully introduced nitrogen into the carbon matrix, markedly improving the electrochemical capabilities. The treated materials developed a porous honeycomb-like structure, with PCSH10 achieving superior cycling and discharge characteristics. At a current rate of 0.2 C, the material maintained a reversible capacity of 277.55 mAh/g after 100 cycles, and an average capacity of 134.21 mAh/g at a higher rate of 2 C.
A spherical triboelectric nanogenerator for omnidirectional wave energy harvesting utilizing gravity
Authors: Gu Haibo , Chen Yanghui , Yang Bin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ocean wave energy is a widely distributed form of renewable energy that holds significant potential for global power generation. The kinetic energy present in ocean waves, generated by wind blowing over the sea surface, can be harnessed to produce electricity. Wave energy is a promising resource due to its predictability and energy density compared to other renewable sources like solar and wind energy. The development of efficient wave energy converters (WECs) is critical for maximizing the exploitation of this resource. These converters transform the mechanical energy of ocean waves into electrical power using various mechanisms, including hydraulic systems, electromagnetic generators, and, more recently, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs).
Health analysis of substation lead-acid battery based on FP-growth algorithm
Authors: Zou Zihao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the continuous development of China’s power system, the number of lead-acid batteries applied in substations is growing rapidly, and the maintenance workload of lead-acid batteries is also increasing. In the face of a large number of lead-acid batteries in the substation, the concept of health is proposed to analyze the actual capacity of the lead-acid battery, and the FP-Growth algorithm is combined to mine the correlation rules between the battery health and the influencing factors. The effectiveness of this method is verified by calculation and the actual situation of lead-acid batteries, which provides support for the maintenance of lead-acid batteries for substations.
The influence of horseshoe-shaped icing on the aerodynamic shape factor of OPGW under wind loading
Authors: Li Ke , Lu Bo , Shi Jiangtao , Tang Haitao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The present study focuses on the influence of typical horseshoe-shaped ice accretion on the wind load shape coefficients of optical fiber composite overhead ground wires (OPGW). Utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, we conducted numerical simulations of the complex airflow field surrounding the iced conductors. By establishing precise numerical models, we systematically computed the variations of the OPGW’s wind load shape coefficients with wind attack angles under various wind speeds and ice accretion thicknesses. Our findings reveal that the geometric characteristics of the horseshoe-shaped ice accretion have a pronounced effect on the shape coefficients. While the increase in ice thickness does not alter the overall trend of shape coefficient variation, it significantly alters their numerical values. Specifically, the shape coefficients exhibit an increasing trend with the thickening of ice accretion, underscoring the substantial enhancement of aerodynamic properties imparted by icing. Further analysis indicates that at a given ice thickness, variations in wind speed also exert a moderate influence on the shape coefficients. As wind speed intensifies, a slight decrease in the shape coefficients is observed, which may be attributed to the more intricate airflow patterns at higher speeds, leading to a redistribution of aerodynamic forces. Notably, the shape coefficients attain their maximum values at a wind direction angle of 180°, a finding that holds significant implications for understanding the load characteristics of iced OPGW under varying wind directions. This underscores the criticality of reinforcing structural designs and protective measures for OPGW, particularly during extreme weather conditions when wind directions approach 180°, as they may be subjected to heightened wind loads.
Mechanical verification of CubeSat main frame panels through software simulation.
Authors: Hurtado-Pérez A. B. , Villafuerte Alvarado F. A. , Hernández-Gómez J. J. , Mata-Rivera M. F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The satellite industry is under constant pressure to develop designs that are cheaper, lighter, stronger, and more versatile. However, launching satellites involves complex mechanical load phenomena that puts in risk the integrity of the satellite and its structure. To address these challenges, Multi-Objective Topology Optimisation (MOTO) is employed to optimise satellite designs while considering various physical factors. This study applies the MOTO-SBESO algorithm to find the best distribution of material in a satellite, optimising for multiple load conditions and a broad range of expected frequencies. Given the complexity of these conditions, the optimising process itself can be time-consuming and may lead to sub-optimal designs that could fail during service. Rather than exploring the optimisation process which is itself a matter for another work, this paper focuses on verifying the mechanical properties of the optimised designs using simulation software.
TCAD simulation of 3D silicon sensors for thermal neutron imaging
Authors: Ye Jixing , Polo Matteo , Mendicino Roberto , Quaranta Alberto , Dalla Betta Gian-Franco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Within the INFN HYDE project, we have developed pixelated hybrid detectors for thermal neutron imaging. Devices are based on microstructured silicon sensors coupled with converter materials. Compared to standard 3D sensors, the proposed device offers a more convenient trade-off between technological complexity and neutron detection performance. Nevertheless, experimental results have shown a lower detection efficiency with respect to the theoretically expected value, which was attributed to an insufficient density of negative fixed charge in the Al2O3 layer used to passivate the cavities.

TCAD simulations have been performed aimed at gaining deeper insight into this problem. The results reported in this paper
confirm the sensitivity of the sensor performance to the properties of the Si/Al2O3 interface in terms of fixed charge and surface generation/recombination velocity, providing useful hints for future optimization of the device.
Vibration of a mounted potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal induced by the radiation pressure of a single-pass laser beam
Authors: Su Ruifeng , Liang Yingchun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We discovered that a mounted large-aperture potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4, KDP) crystal vibrates elastically when it is irradiated by a single-pass high-average-power laser beam. A theoretical model is developed to study the vibration of the KDP crystal caused by the radiation pressure of the laser beam, treating the radiation pressure caused by reflection as a static force. Additionally, the deformation and surface shape of the vibrating KDP crystal are calculated. It shows that a mounted 40 cm-level-aperture KDP crystal elastically vibrates at the pico-meter scale when irradiated by a single-pass laser beam at the GW cm−2 level.
Microstructure and properties of spiral gradient coating prepared by laser cladding
Authors: Ping Lu , Junquan Zhang , Tianchi Zhang , Fulong Zhang , Shuangyu Liu , Fengde Liu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, laser additive manufacturing technology is utilized with the objective of controlling the internal stress of the cladding layer to maintain it in a compressive stress state. The cladding material was carefully designed and selected, and an Fe-Cr-Ni alloy spiral gradient multi-layer coating with significant differences in alloy element content was prepared on the surface of 45 steel. Using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and x-ray diffractometer (XRD), the effects of the angle between cladding directions on the crystallization morphology, microhardness, and wear resistance of the cladding layer were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the interlayer angle significantly affects the crystallization morphology and grain size of the cladding layer. As the interlayer texture angle increases from 30° to 90°, the grain size within the cladding layer is significantly refined, accompanied by improved hardness uniformity and higher hardness values. This phenomenon occurs because, when the layer is rotated by a certain angle, the intersection area between the fusion line of the cladding layer and the dendritic crystals within the contour of the previous layer increases. This results in a greater number of favorable sites for liquid-phase nucleation, thereby promoting grain refinement. Additionally, since the columnar crystals at the solid–liquid interface continue to grow along the secondary dendritic growth direction of the previous cladding layer, the spatial angle between the columnar crystals at the interface of the upper and lower layers changes as the interlayer texture angle increases. Consequently, the angle in the cross-sectional direction also increases. When the interlayer texture angle reaches 90°, an ‘L’-shaped structure is formed. The microstructure of the cladding layer with higher Ni content is mainly composed of martensite and austenite, leading to lower hardness and a higher tendency for adhesive wear. In contrast, the microstructure of the cladding layer with lower Ni content primarily consists of martensite with a small amount of retained austenite, resulting in higher microhardness and better resistance to adhesive wear. The spiral gradient structure of the coating effectively refines the grains and enhances the hardness of the cladding layer, providing a new method for the preparation of high-quality cladding coatings.
Advancing vaccine development in genomic era: a paradigm shift in vaccine discovery
Authors: Din Miraj Ud , Liu Xiaohui , Jiang Hui , Ahmad Sajjad , Xiangdong Lai , Wang Xuemei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The issue of antibiotic resistance is increasing with time because of the quick rise of microbial strains. Overuse of antibiotics has led to multidrug-resistant, pan-drug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant bacterial strains, which have worsened the situation. Different techniques have been considered and applied to combat this issue, such as developing new antibiotics, practicing antibiotic stewardship, improving hygiene levels, and controlling antibiotic overuse. Vaccine development made a substantial contribution to overcoming this issue, although it has been underestimated. In the recent era, reverse vaccinology has contributed to developing different kinds of vaccines against pathogens, revolutionizing the vaccine development process. Reverse vaccinology helps to prioritize better vaccine candidates by using various tools to filter the pathogen’s complete genome. In this review, we will shed light on computational vaccine designing, immunoinformatic tools, genomic and proteomic data, and the challenges and success stories of computational vaccine designing.
Machinery structural crack damage detection based on acoustic signal with ICEEMDAN and sensitive IMF fuzzy entropy
Authors: Qu Jinxiu , Bai Yumei , Wu Jiayan , Shi Changquan , Ke Fei , Cao Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the increasingly urgent demand on the reliability of mechanical equipment, in the process of production and service, it is of vital importance to apply precise and efficient crack damage detection on the critical structures. To overcome the shortcomings of existing damage detection methods and meet the urgent needs of engineering practice, by analyzing acoustic signal, a novel machinery structural crack damage detection method based on improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) and sensitive intrinsic mode function (IMF) fuzzy entropy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, redundant second-generation wavelet denoising strategy based on neighborhood correlation is applied on the raw acoustic signal. Then, the pre-denoised acoustic signal is decomposed by ICEEMDAN to obtain a set of IMFs, and the fuzzy entropies of the first eight IMFs are calculated to reflect the structural crack damage states. Finally, with distance evaluation technique, the most sensitive IMF fuzzy entropy is selected and defined as the damage index to assess the structural crack damage levels. Effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by two case studies as for the crack damage detection of different machinery structures. The results show that the defined damage index is not only sensitive to the occurrence of structural crack damage, but also decreases obviously with the increasing damage level and is not affected by damage location.
Strategies Used by Developed Countries at the Negotiating Table
Authors: Das Abhijit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive account of the strategies and tactics used by the developed countries at the multilateral trade negotiations at the GATT and the WTO table. These include the following: keeping reluctant countries hooked to the negotiating table, coercive strategies such as exercising raw power to browbeat negotiators, sharing the negotiating load and fighting each other’s battles at the negotiating table, burying issues of interest to developing countries by not engaging, spinning a spider’s web to impede progress on issues of interest to developing countries, starting soft but landing hard, salami tactics, manipulating information to secure advantage in negotiations, pressure-cooker strategy, divide and prosper and creating a facade of consensus through the use of ‘clean negotiating text’. Most of these strategies and tactics have escaped the attention of researchers. Further, not many negotiators may be able to discern that on account of these strategies they have got the short end of the stick at the negotiating table. Based on first-hand accounts of a large number of trade negotiators and the author’s personal experience, this chapter brings to light these strategies and tactics, which have been repeatedly deployed by the developed countries.
Odds in GATT and WTO Negotiations Stacked Against Developing Countries
Authors: Das Abhijit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During the multilateral trade negotiations at the GATT/WTO, developing countries have confronted an array of challenges and have negotiated against odds. The relative lack of success of developing countries in GATT/WTO negotiations can be traced to the external environment characterized by asymmetry in political and economic power within which international trade negotiations are undertaken; as well as internal factors related to institutional and human resource deficiencies. This chapter discusses the following four themes: first, the constraints faced by developing countries in multilateral trade negotiations arising from external factors and internal deficiencies; second, strategic response of developing countries at the negotiating table; third, the response of developing countries after making vital concessions at the negotiating table; and fourth, a serious attempt at the institutional level aimed at analysing the weaknesses of India during the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations and suggesting corrective action.
Overcoming Odds at the Negotiating Table
Authors: Das Abhijit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses the first of the three striking episodes in which a large group of developing countries achieved most of their negotiating objectives in multilateral trade negotiations at the WTO. It identifies the commercial interests of the developed countries behind the four so-called Singapore Issues (Investment, Competition, Government Procurement, and Trade Facilitation) and discusses the reasons underpinning the opposition of many developing countries to initiate negotiations on these issues. It charts the evolution of these issues in the meetings in Geneva and in the two ministerial conferences of the WTO—at Doha in 2001 and Cancun in 2003. Thereafter, the chapter highlights the role played by two Commerce Ministers of India—Murasoli Maran and Arun Jaitley—and analyses the negotiating strategies deployed by some developing countries in getting three of the four Singapore Issues off the negotiating table. The chapter vividly describes the power play of developed countries at the negotiating table and the wisdom demonstrated by Maran in taking pre-emptive action in order to retain his negotiating positions. Apart from other strategies, this chapter highlights the importance of managing domestic constituencies and recognizing when to resist and when to yield—a dilemma frequently faced by negotiators.