bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systolic rightward displacement of the left anterior descending artery: A novel cineangiographic sign for tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Shapira Yaron , Wurzel Mordechai , Hirsch Raphael , Teplitsky Igal 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new sign for the detection of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is described. The systolic displacement of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery during coronary angiography in left anterior oblique (LAO) view was quantitively calculated in 3 groups of 20 patients each with either TR, mitral stenosis, or normal coronary arteriograms. The mean LAD displacement in the TR group was significantly rightward compared to the other groups. Uniform rightward displacement of the lower two‐thirds of the LAD had a 90% sensitivity and 90–95% specificity for the presence of TR. Such displacement is probably the angiographic counterpart of the systolic paradoxical septal displacement demonstrated by echocardiography in patients with right ventricular volume overload. There was a positive correlation between the severity of TR and the magnitude of LAD displacement. Attention to the LAD displacement on LAO view may raise suspicion of TR, and indicate its severity. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy and coronary angioplasty with stent implantation
Authors: Röthlisberger Christian , Kaufmann Urs , Meier Bernhard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA patient with symptomatic pliable mitral stenosis and a significant lesion in the right coronary artery underwent combined interventional procedures during a single session. After an uneventful transseptal puncture that allowed full anticoagulation with heparin, a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed, yielding an unsatisfactory result and necessitating stent implantation. Thereafter, mitral stenosis was relieved by percutaneous balloon valvotomy. The specific problems arising from the combination of the two procedures are discussed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of adjunctive balloon angioplasty on coronary blood flow after rotational atherectomy
Authors: Khoury Alexander F. , Bach Richard G. , Kern Morton J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRotational atherectomy is being performed with increasing frequency in a distinct subset of patients whose lesion characteristics are unfavorable for conventional balloon angioplasty. Although satisfactory luminal enlargement can be accomplished with the use of rotational atherectomy alone in some patients, adjunctive balloon angioplasty is necessary in most patients, to obtain a minimal residual angiographic result. To demonstrate responses associated with rotational atherectomy results, serial coronary blood flow measurements were obtained in a patient undergoing rotational atherectomy for unstable angina. Adjunctive balloon angioplasty resulted in normalization of post‐stenotic coronary flow reserve. Recanalization by rotablator alone may not normalize coronary flow despite a satisfactory angiographic result. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary air embolism: Incidence, severity, and suggested approaches to treatment
Authors: Khan Miqdad , Schmidt Donald H. , Bajwa Tanvir , Shalev Yoseph 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBecause no well‐controlled study of inadvertent coronary air embolim has been done to truly quantify the incidence of this cardiac catheterization complication, we wanted to determine its incidence and severity in an active teaching medical center and assess approaches to treatment. We retrospectively reviewed 3,715 coronary angiogram and PTCA reports performed over 32 months. Further, we classified severity based on angiographic findings and symptoms as minimal, mild, moderate, and massive. Two independent angiographers reviewed 764 consecutive cines performed in the first 2 months of training of each new fellow and 740 cines performed in the last 2 months of training. We found that during the first 2 months of training the overall incidence for significant intracoronary air embolism was 0.19% (7 documented cases) compared with 0.2% (3 cases) for non‐reported, minimal asymptomatic air embolism. The estimated incidence for total air emboli events was 0.27% (10/3,715). We did not find coronary air emboli in the 740 cines performed at the end of fellowship training. Additionally, the incidence of coronary air emboll during PTCA training was much higher compared with coronary angiography training (0.84 vs. 0.24%). Although there is no best technique to restore blood flow after blockage by air emboli, we suggest as options aspirating the air or forcefully injecting saline, with auxiliary supportive measure like 100% oxygen, IABP, CPR, and DC cardioversion. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recanalization of totally occluded saphenous vein grafts using local urokinase delivery with the dispatchTM catheter
Authors: Glazier James J. , Bauer Hans H. , Kiernan Francis J. , Primiano Charles A. , Mitchel Joseph F. , Dougherty James E. , Waters David D. , McKay Raymond G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCurrent techniques for the percutaneous revascularization of totally occluded vein grafts are limited by a low initial success rate, a significant incidence of distal embolization, and a high rate of early graft reclosure. This case report describes two patients in whom graft recanalization was attempted with the combined use of balloon angioplasty/intra‐graft stent placement and local urokinase delivery using a new angiotherapy catheter. Successful recanalization was achieved in both patients without major complications, in spite of a large thrombus burden as demonstrated by angiography. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A design example of a 65 nm CMOS operational amplifier
Authors: Schlögl Franz , Zimmermann Horst 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the properties of new nanometer‐size CMOS technologies being important for the circuit designer. Thereby we concentrate on analogue circuit design. In the literature, the gain reduction by the high output conductance of the transistors is discussed. In detail, we further describe gain reduction due to gate‐leakage current. Finally, we present a design example of a fully differential operational amplifier in a 65 nm CMOS technology including results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive multiuser detector for DS‐CDMA systems in multipath fading channels
Authors: Li Min , Hamouda Walaa 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the performance of an adaptive multistage detection scheme for direct‐sequence code‐division multiple‐access (DS‐CDMA) systems. The first stage consists of an adaptive multiuser detector which is based on the linear constrained minimum variance (LCMV) criterion. The interference cancellation (IC) occurs in the second stage. The performance of the iterative receiver over both flat and frequency‐selective fading channels is investigated and compared to the single‐user bound. In all cases, and under heavy system loads with near‐far problems, the iterative receiver is shown to offer substantial performance improvement and large gain in user‐capacity relative to the standard LCMV. In flat‐fading channels, our results show that the performance of the iterative detector is very close to the single‐user bound. For the frequency‐selective channel, this performance is noted to be in the order of 1 dB far from the single‐user bound. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal and embryonic sources of tyrosine hydroxylase during Drosophila embryogenesis
Authors: Pendleton Robert , Alday Adrian , Paluru Prasuna , Joyner Jeannettee , Jerome Natalie , Hillman Ralph 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to L‐DOPA and is rate limiting in catecholamine biosynthesis, is biochemically expressed in late stage wild‐type Drosophila oocytes as well as in early embryogenesis. Null mutant alleles of TH (pale) are embryonic lethals with death occurring in the late embryonic or early larval periods of development. Staging of embryos demonstrated that inhibition of the enzymatic activity of TH by α‐methyl‐p‐tyrosine (αMT) retards the progression of embryos primarily during the organogenesis stages of embryonic development, with lesser effects on earlier and later stages. On the other hand, time of gene action studies with a conditional temperature sensitive pale mutant (plets1) at its restrictive temperature (29°C) indicate an onset of tyrosine hydroxylase gene action beginning in the oocyte stage of development. Thus, maternal as well as embryonic effects on the secretion and/or functionality of this enzyme may play roles in the early developmental program of the organism. genesis 45:152‐155, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 on human epidermal Langerhans cells
Authors: Bieber Thomas , Jürgens Maren , Wollenberg Andreas , Sander Erika , Hanau Daniel , de la Salle Henri 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman Langerhans cells (LC) express CD45, but clear data about the isoform(s) and their function(s) are lacking. In the present study, double labeling experiments reveal that freshly isolated LC from normal skin are CD45RO+/RA−/RB−. However, after isolation and short‐time culture where LC undergo an in vitro maturation resembling that to lymphoid dendritic cells, CD45RB emerges whereas CD45RO expression decreases. This evolution results from dynamic alternative RNA splicing. Addition of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor or tumor necrosis factor‐α to short‐time cultures has no significant effect on CD45RB, but both cytokines accelerate the loss of CD45RO. LC isolated from lesional skin of atopic eczema highly express CD45RO and CD45RB. Cross‐linking of CD45 on LC isolated from atopic individuals inhibits the calcium mobilization in response to activation via Fcε receptor type I(FcεRI). Hence, the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 from human LC is subjected to a splicing phenomenon related to the differentiation and activation stage of these cells and regulates their FcεRI‐mediated activation.
Critical role of endogenous Mtv in acute lethal graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Miconnet Isabelle , Roger Thierry , Seman Michel , Bruley‐Rosset Martine 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLittle is known about the etiology of the graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) occuring after transplantation of lymphoid cells incompatible for minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAg). Here, the potential role of host endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (Mtv)‐encoded superantigens (SAg) in the development of lethal GVHD was investigated. In a combination of H‐2d compatible mice, the presence of Mtv‐7 and, to a lesser extent, of Mtv‐1, ‐6, ‐13 in the host genome, highly increases the rate and severity of GVHD. Kinetic analyses of TCR Vβ gene expression in recipient mice consistently indicate a dramatic but transient infiltration of GVHD target organs by Mtv‐SAg‐specific T cells. This suggests that SAg encoded by endogenous Mtv, by activating large T cell subpopulations, would help the response to mHAg and thus play a critical role in the initiation or aggravation of GVHD.
Immune response to Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette Guérin infection in major histocompatibility complex class I‐ and II‐deficient knock‐out mice: contribution of CD4 and CD8 T cells to acquired resistance
Authors: Ladel Christoph H. , Daugelat Sabine , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractKnock‐out mice with defined major histocompatibility complex (MHC) deficiencies were infected intravenously with Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette Guérin (M. bovis BCG) to assess the relative impact of MHC class I‐ and II‐dependent immune responses. Heterozygous control mice were capable of controlling growth of M. bovis BCG, although infection progressed chronically, as assessed by determination of colony‐forming units. Furthermore, infected controls developed granulomatous lesions at the site of mycobacterial growth and delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions after challenge with purified protein derivative of tuberculin. In vitro, spleen cells from heterozygous control mice produced high concentrations of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) after restimulation with mycobacterial antigens. In contrast, the MHC class II‐deficient Aβ−/− mice, which are virtually devoid of functional CD4 T cells, succumbed to M. bovis BCG infection. Furthermore, Aβ−/− mice lacked DTH reactions to tuberculin and only few minute picnotic lesions were formed in livers of infected mice. Finally, spleen cells from infected Aβ−/− mice failed to produce measurable IFN‐γ concentrations after restimulation in vitro with various mycobacterial antigen preparations. The capacity of β2‐microglobulin (β2m)‐deficient mice, which are devoid of CD8α/β T cells, to inhibit growth of M. bovis BCG was only slightly affected at low inocula, although significantly higher colony‐forming units were detected in spleens. These knock‐out mice developed strong DTH responses to tuberculin and their spleen cells produced high levels of IFN‐γ once reactivated by mycobacterial antigens. Furthermore, in livers of infected β2m‐deficient mice, extravascular infiltrates developed which were more diffuse than those in infected control littermates. Remarkably, the β2m‐deficient mice were substantially more susceptible to higher inocula of M. bovis BCG than their control littermates. Our data formally prove the essential role of MHC class II‐dependent immune mechanisms in all relevant aspects of immunity to M. bovis BCG. In addition, our findings emphasize an important contribution of MHC class I‐dependent immunity to effective anti‐mycobacterial protection. We assume that CD4 T cells are highly effective in containing M. bovis BCG within distinct granulomatous lesions, but fail to eradicate their intracellular pathogens. It appears most likely that CD8 T cells are also required to achieve this goal.
Antigen‐binding B cells and polyreactive antibodies
Authors: Chen Zhi Jian , Wheeler Jim , Notkins Abner Louis 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe present experiments were initiated to see if cells capable of binding antigens could make polyreactive antibodies. Fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled self and non‐self antigens were incubated with B cells from normal individuals. Antigenbinding cells were separated from non‐antigen‐binding cells by flow cytometry, immortalized with Epstein‐Barr virus and analyzed at the clonal level for their capacity to make polyreactive antibodies. Four to six times more cells making polyreactive antibodies were found in the B cell subset that bound antigens than in the B cell subset that did not bind antigens. The majority of the polyreactive antibodies were of the immunoglobulin (Ig)M isotype. Immunoflow cytometry revealed that cell lines making polyreactive antibodies bound a variety of antigens (e.g., insulin, IgGFc and β‐galactosidase), whereas cell lines making monoreactive antibodies bound only a single antigen. The binding of antigens to B cell lines that made polyreactive antibodies could be inhibited (range, 28%–57%) by both homogeneous and heterogeneous antigens. Both CD5+ and CD5− antigen‐binding B cells made polyreactive antibodies, but the frequency was slightly higher in the CD5+ antigen‐binding (85%) as compared to the CD5− antigen‐binding (50%) population. Comparison of CD5+ B cells that bound antigens with CD5+ B cells that did not bind antigens showed that approximately 86% of the former, but only 15% of the latter, made polyreactive antibodies. It is concluded that cells capable of binding a variety of different antigens can make polyreactive antibodies and that antigen binding is a good marker for identifying polyreactive antibody‐producing cells.
Interleukin‐12 is required for interferon‐γ production and lethality in lipopolysaccharide‐induced shock in mice
Authors: Wysocka Maria , Kubin Marek , Vieira Leda Q. , Ozmen Laurence , Garotta Gianni , Scott Phillip , Trinchieri Giorgio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeveral cytokines, in particular tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), have been shown to be responsible for pathological reactions which may lead to shock and death observed in infection with Gram‐negative bacteria and in response to endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS). Priming of mice with the avirulent Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccine strain of Mycobacterium bovis increases the sensitivity of mice to the lethal effect of LPS and results in an efficient priming for cytokine production. In response to low doses (1 γg/mouse) of LPS, BCG‐primed mice produce interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) which controls IFN‐γ production, as demonstrated by the ability of neutralizing anti‐IL‐12 antibodies to suppress IFN‐γ production. However, the concentration of the biologically active IL‐12 p70 heterodimer is similar in the serum of both BCG‐primed or unprimed mice, reaching levels of 1–3 ng/ml at 3–6 h after LPS injection, whereas IFN‐γ production was observed only in BCG‐primed mice. The priming effect of BCG on IFN‐γ production appears to be mostly due to its ability to increase TNF‐α production, which acts as cofactor with LPS‐induced IL‐12 in inducing IFN‐γ production, as shown by the ability of injection of TNF‐α and LPS (1 γg/mouse), but not LPS alone, to induce IFN‐γ production. However, in addition to TNF‐α, other LPS‐induced cofactor(s) are required in cooperation with IL‐12 to induce optimal IFN‐γ production, because co‐injection of TNF‐α and IL‐12, sufficient to induce serum concentrations of both cytokines higher and more persistent than those obtained by injection of LPS, was not sufficient to induce IFN‐γ production in vivo. Neutralizing anti‐IL‐12 antibodies, in addition to inhibiting the in vivo LPS‐induced IFN‐γ production, also completely protect BCG‐primed mice injected with up to 10 μg of LPS from shock‐induced death. Thus, IL‐12 is required for IFN‐γ production and lethality in an endotoxic shock model in mice.
Differential expression of type I insulin‐like growth factor receptors in different stages of human T cells
Authors: Kooijman Ron , Scholtens Lies E. , Rijkers Ger T. , Zegers Ben J. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) has been implicated to play a regulatory role in T cell development and in T cell function. We investigated the expression of type I IGF receptors on human peripheral T cells related to the maturation and activation stage using the type I IGF receptor‐specific monoclonal antibody αIR3. It appeared that 87% of the CD4+CD45RA+ cells and 66% of the CD8+CD45RA+ cells were αIR3+, whereas only 37% of the CD4+CD45RO+ cells and 38% of the CD8+CD45RO+ cells bound αIR3. We also found that the fraction of αIR3+ cells within in vivo or in vitro activated (HLA‐DR+) T cells is markedly lower than in nonactivated (HLA‐DR−) cells. In vitro phytohemagglutinin‐activated T cells and CD4+CD45RO+ cells activated with recall antigens also contained less αIR3+ cells (1–6%) than nonactivated cells (30–54%).
Measles virus‐induced down‐regulation of CD46 is associated with enhanced sensitivity to complement‐mediated lysis of infected cells
Authors: Schnorr Jens‐Jörg , Dunster Lee M. , Nanan Ralph , Schneider‐Schaulies Jürgen , Schneider‐Schaulies Sibylle , ter Meulen Volker 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCD46, the major component of the measles virus (MV) receptor complex and a member of the regulators of complement activity (RCA) gene cluster, is down‐regulated in MV‐infected cells. We investigated whether the reduction of surface CD46 correlates with enhanced sensitivity of lymphoid and monocytic cells to lysis by activated complement. On human U937 cells, acutely or persistently infected with MV‐Edmonston (ED) vaccine strain, infection‐dependent down‐regulation of CD46 confers sensitivity to activated complement, regardless of the pathway of activation and the specificity of the activating antibodies. Interestingly, down‐regulation of CD46 alone is sufficient to confer susceptibility of cells to complement lysis despite the continued surface expression of other RCA proteins such as CD35 and CD55. In primary cultures, both peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages are efficiently lysed in the presence of complement activated via the alternative pathway after MV infection. In contrast to the MV‐ED infection, infection of cells with the lymphotropic MV wild‐type strain WTF does not down‐regulate CD46. Cells infected with MV‐WTF do not exhibit enhanced susceptibility to complement lysis. These data suggest that MV strains similar to WTF that do not down‐regulate CD46 may have an enhanced potential for replication and dissemination within the human host, whereas complement‐mediated elimination of cells infected with CD46‐down‐regulating strains of MV, such as ED, may limit the spread of MV infection, and could thus represent an attenuating factor for MV.
MEM‐59 monoclonal antibody detects a CD43 epitope involved in lymphocyte activation
Authors: Alvarado Marco , Klassen Claudia , Cerny Jan , Horejí Vaclav , Schmidt Reinhold E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrevious studies on T cell activation via CD43 antigen stimulation were limited to the use of L10, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizing a sialic acid‐independent epitope on the CD43 molecule. Here we study the CD43 mAb MEM‐59, which recognizes a neuraminidase‐sensitive epitope on the CD43 molecule, for its ability to activate T lymphocytes. The antibody by itself is able to stimulate proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a monocyte‐dependent fashion, and to act synergistically with the mitogen phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate. It is demonstrated that the monocyte dependence of MEM‐59‐induced proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) cannot be attributed to cross‐linking via Fc receptors on monocytes alone: F(ab′)2 fragments of MEM‐59 are at least as effective as intact IgG in the induction of PBMC proliferation. The effects of MEM‐59 reported here are distinct in important ways from those reported for L10. Our proliferation data are extended by the observation that MEM‐59 mAb induces mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ in PBMC and in the T cell line Jurkat, while the CD3/TcR‐negative Jurkat derived‐mutant J.TR3‐T3.5 exhibits defective signaling compared to the parent cell line. Moreover, CD3 and CD43 are shown to be present jointly in a large complex in a mild detergent lysate of the T cell line HPB‐ALL. These data indicate a physical and functional association between CD3/TcR and CD43 pathways, suggesting a role for CD43 as a co‐stimulatory molecule in CD3/TcR signaling, especially in T cell‐antigen‐presenting cell interactions.
Antigen presentation by Leishmania mexicana‐infected macrophages: Activation of helper T cells specific for amastigote cysteine proteinases requires intracellular killing of the parasites
Authors: Wolfram Markus , Ilg Thomas , Mottram Jeremy C. , Overath Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLeishmania mexicana amastigotes proliferate in the phagolysosomes of mammalian macrophages. The parasites abundantly synthesize lysosomal cysteine proteinases, which are encoded by the lmcpb gene family. One of these genes was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified recombinant protein was used as an antigen to induce and establish a T helper 1 (Th1) cell line. The T cells recognize epitopes shared by the native cysteine proteinases and the recombinant protein. Infected bone marrow‐derived macrophages induced to express major histocompatibility complex class II molecules by interferon (IFN)‐γ do not affect parasite viability. These macrophages fail to stimulate the proliferation of the T cell line. In contrast, strong T cell stimulation is observed after the parasites are killed by treatment with L‐leucine methylester, or after activation of macrophages by IFN‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐α. It is concluded that infected macrophages efficiently present this lysosomal Leishmania antigen once the parasites are inactivated and degraded. This observation may be of considerable relevance for the outcome of Leishmania infections provided that it can be extended to other parasite antigens.