bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Declining mortality and improving survival from Wilms' tumor
Authors: Everson Richard B. , Fraumeni Joseph F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMortality from kidney cancer in the United States declined dramatically over the period 1940–1969. This trend was nearly proportional to the increases in survival for 644 U.S. children reported to the End Results Group, National Cancer Institute. The improvements in survival occurred for all stages of disease and appeared to result from therapeutic advances rather than earlier detection. Total incidence trends showed no consistent change, but a shift toward female preponderance resembled that seen in the mortality statistics and suggests sex differences in etiology.
Indium‐111 bleomycin tumor scanning in lymphoma
Authors: Jones Stephen E. , Lilien David L. , O'Mara Robert E. , Durie Brian G. M. , Salmon Sydney E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new radiopharmaceutical, indium‐111 labeled bleomycin (IB), was evaluated as a tumor‐imaging agent in 55 patients with lymphoma. Overall disease activity was correctly identified in 79% of 75 whole‐body scans obtained 48 hours after intravenous administration of IB. Serial scans in 19 patients accurately reflected changes in their disease status. Lymphatic and soft tissue sites of involvement both above and below the diaphragm were most readily identified by scanning. Bone marrow and hepatic involvements were more difficult to detect because of normal tissue background in the considered organs. Five patients manifested diffuse pulmonary uptake of IB and only in one case was it explained.To determine the accuracy of scanning with IB, we evaluated 731 individual sites of potential tumor involvement with these results: true positives 90%, false negatives 10%, false positives 4%, and true negatives 96%. Thus, tumor scanning with indium‐111 bleomycin is an important new technique for the initial staging and serial evaluation of patients with lymphoma.
Clinical and morphological correlations in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Valdivieso Manuel , Rodriguez Victorio , Drewinko Benjamin , Bodey Gerald P. , Ahearn Michael J. , McCredie Kenneth , Freireich Emil J 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty adults with acute leukemia and greater than 20% bone marrow infiltrate by promyelocytes were studied. Eighteen patients had acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) as defined by the presence of malignant promyelocytes, and the remaining 12 patients had acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) with an elevated percentage of normal promyelocytes. Malignant promyelocytes were characterized by abundant, abnormal, cytoplasmic granules, by Auer rods in meshwork pattern, and by splinter cytoplasmic granulations and dilatation of the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. Patients with APML had, in general, greater than 35% bone marrow infiltrate by promyelocytes. The degree of bone marrow infiltrate by these cells correlated with the clinical status of the patients. Diffuse intravascular coagulation with bleeding occurred in 61% of patients with APML, and the bone marrows of these patients had greater than 50% promyelocytes. No coagulation abnormalities were seen among patients with elevated bone marrow promyelocytes infiltrate and without APML. Coagulation abnormalities in patients with APML were only corrected by controlling the leukemia itself. When this occurred, patients with APML had an excellent rate of complete remission, and the duration of remission and survival were comparable to the results obtained in adults with AML.
Response of 65 measurable epidermoid bronchogenic tumors of known spontaneous doubling time to four different chemotherapeutic regimens — strategic deductions
Authors: Israel Lucien , Chahinian Philippe , Depierre Alain 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVariations in the dimensions of 65 bronchogenic epidermoid tumors of known spontaneous doubling time were studied under the influence of four chemotherapeutic regimens: cyclophosphamide, 19 cases; Mitomycin C, 20 cases; CCNU, 9 cases; and a five‐drug combination, 17 cases. Several parameters were measured, and escape was defined as the moment in time when the growth curve during treatment became parallel to the spontaneous growth curve. The parameters measured were nature and distribution of responses (unchanged progression, slowing‐down, plateau, regression), duration of response, time required to achieve maximum response, and time lapse between maximum response and escape. Regarding application to lung cancer, we have concluded from our results that Mitomycin C should replace cyclophosphamide in combination chemotherapeutic regimens. With regard to general strategy, our results suggest that the drug regimen should be changed as soon as maximum response is reached or immediately following the first course if progression continues unchanged. Moreover, in all of the 27 patients whose tumors regressed, escape occurred within less than three months from the onset of the treatment. In view of this fact and insofar as chemotherapy is considered for adjuvant therapy aiming at complete eradication, sequential combinations would be preferable to prolonged administration of a single agent or combination.
Antibody response to poliovirus immunization in childhood leukemia
Authors: Bosu S. K. , Ciudad Hernan , Sinks Lucius F. , Ogra Pearay I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolio antibody titers were determined in 29 children with ALL in various clinical stages, including a group of five patients in continuous remission for over five years and who, at the time of study, were off all therapy for at least six months. Regardless of the stage of disease, no detectable YM response was elicited. The five children described above displayed the same depressed response as did the other children with ALL. This strongly suggests an inherent defect in the immune system of these children with ALL unrelated to therapy.
Three dose regimens of adriamycin for induction of remission in acute leukemia in children: A Southwest oncology group study
Authors: Starling K. A. , Berry D. H. , Britton H. A. , Humphrey G. B. , Vats T. , Ragab A. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree therapeutic regimens (6‐hr intervals for 6 doses daily for 3 days, and a single infusion) utilizing the same total dose of adriamycin for the induction of remission in children with late‐stage acute leukemia were evaluated in 150 patients. Complete remission rates were 15%, 28%, and 25%, respectively. Twenty‐five children who achieved complete bone marrow remissions with adriamycin therapy were treated a second time after subsequent relapses. Of these children 20% achieved second bone marrow remissions.
Active specific immunization in malignant melanoma
Authors: Gercovich Felipe G. , Gutterman Jordan U. , Maviigit Giora M. , Hersh Evan M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of active specific immunization with nonirradiated autologous and irradiated cultured allogeneic melanoma tumor cells (TC) on cell‐associated immunity was studied in 11 patients with widespread malignant melanoma receiving chemoimmunotherapy. Immunization with 1 × 106‐8 × 107 TC was done in the draining area of a BCG scarification on day 7 of the study. The in vitro lymphocyte blastogenic response (BR) to autologous TC was studied in terms of the stimulation index on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. The stimulation index (SI) was the counts per min (cpm) in the TC stimulated culture minus the cpm among the TC alone divided by the cpm in the unstimulated controls. A positive BR was considered as a SI equal to or greater than 3. Six out of 11 patients had a significant increase in BR lasting 7‐14 days after immunization. The pre‐ to post‐immunization changes in the SI of the 6 patients were 2.5 to 7.5; 0.7 to 3.2; 0 to 5.2; 0 to 16; 0.1 to 6.6; and 6.5 to 30.0. Nine out of 11 patients showed a delayed local inflammatory reaction at the immunization site. Five out of 11 patients mounted a cutaneous delayed hyper sensitivity reaction to autologous tumor cells at a separate test site following immunization. There were no side effects. Active specific immunization in the drainage of a BCG reaction appears to be safe. Since a positive BR to autologous TC correlates with a good prognosis in patients with solid tumors, studies of the immunotherapeutic efficacy of this approach may be warranted.
The influence of sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy on mitogen‐induced lymphocyte transformation in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Humphrey G. Bennett , Parker Donald E. , Nesbit Mark , Krivit William 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough these studies do not allow a definitive differentiation between the relative influence of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on mitogen‐induced lymphocyte transformation, the data suggested both radiotherapy and chemotherapy can cause depression; however, radiotherapy may have a more pronounced effect. The relationship between the absolute peripheral blood lymphocyte count and phytohemagglutin and pokeweed mitogen‐induced lymphocyte transformation was also analyzed. These data revealed that patients who are receiving or who have received intensive therapy may have normal peripheral absolute lymphocyte counts with impaired lymphocyte transformation. Serial studies of lymphocyte transformation were evaluated in 10 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
The disparity of the size of the liver as determined by physical examination and by hepatic gammascanning in 504 patients
Authors: Ariel Irving M. , Briceno Melchor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe liver extended a minimum of 5 cm inferior to the right costal margin in 51% of the 504 patients studied. In 53% of these patients, experienced, mature physicians declared that the liver was not palpable on physical examination. In 3% of the cases, a mass was palpated which was believed to be liver by the examining physician but was found to be extrahepatic upon scanning and laparotomy.The unreliability of physical examination in determining whether or not the liver extends inferior to the costal margin in many instances is demonstrated.
Clinically significant cardiac infiltration in acute leukemia, lymphocytic lymphoma, and plasma cell myeloma
Authors: Wiernik Peter H. , Sutherland John C. , Stechmiller Bruce K. , Wolff John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCardiac infiltration by hematologic neoplasms leading to clinically significant cardiovascular disease is rare. Three such cases are described in this report, and it is suggested that rare manifestations of hematologic neoplasms may become more common in the future since these diseases are more amenable to therapy than heretofore. Cardiac involvement with hematologic neoplasms is of more than academic interest since this complication is likely to respond to radiotherapy.
A controlled clinical trial of fluorouracil plus imidazole carboxamide dimethyl triazeno plus vincristine plus bis‐chloroethyl nitrosourea plus radiotherapy in stomach cancer
Authors: Falkson Geoffrey , van Eden Errol B. , Sandison A. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to seek a better treatment for patients with inoperable or recurrent stomach cancer. Seventy patients were randomly allocated to receive courses of treatment with either A (5‐Fluorouracil plus radiotherapy) or B (5‐Fluorouracil plus Imidazole Carboxamide Dimethyl Triazeno plus Vincristine plus Bis‐Chloroethyl Nitrosourea plus radiotherapy). Only 59 of these patients were evaluable. The median survival time of patients allocated to Group A was 220 days and Group B was 199 days. Seventeen of 31 patients in Group A and 10 of 28 patients in Group B had objectively documented remission. The median survival time of responders was 222 days for Group A and 410 for Group B. While it would appear that those patients who respond to the more intensive treatment do better, a larger percentage of patients responded to the simpler treatment regimen of 5‐Fluorouracil plus radiotherapy.
Neutrophil leukocyte reserves in lymphoreticular malignancies
Authors: Fortuny Ignacio E. , Theologides Athanasios , Hadlock Daniel C. , Kennedy B. J. , Deinard Amos 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe marginal neutrophil leukocyte pool and the bone marrow neutrophil reserves were assessed in 43 patients with lymphoreticular malignancies, using epinephrine and steroid stimulation. Thirty‐three patients were studied before staging, following splenectomy, before and after nodal irradiation and during remission induction chemotherapy. Ten patients in partial remission were studied after 12 months or more of chemotherapy. A neutrophil count of 1,500–2,500 cells/mm3 is not a sufficient guide for modifying the chemotherapy. The response to steroid stimulation may be a more dependable guide to evaluate the patient's potential risk for infection.
Remission induction with L‐asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone in children with acute nonl ymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Land Vita J. , Sutow Wataru W. , Dyment Paul G. , Falletta John M. , Morgan Samuel K. , Bryan J. Hugh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐five children with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in relapse received a total of 56 courses of L‐asparaginase combined with vincristine and prednisone. The complete remission rate of 40% (12 of 30 trials) in patients resistant to vincristine and prednisone was almost identical to that in children still sensitive to vincristine and prednisone (42%, 11 of 26 trials). The complete remission rate of 38% (14 of 37 exposures) in those children who had not received L‐asparaginase previously compared favorably with the complete remission rate in those children who had received prior L‐asparaginase (47%, 9 of 19 exposures). Forty‐seven of the 56 induction trials were in children with 1 or more remissions and 14 of these were in children with 3 or more prior remissions. Toxicity was minimal.
Inhibition of uridine‐cytidine kinase by 5‐azacytidine 5′‐triphosphate
Authors: Lee Thomas T. , Momparler Richard L. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract5‐Azacytidine 5′‐triphosphate (5‐aza‐CTP) inhibited the phosphorylation of uridine, cytidine, and 5‐azacytidine (5‐aza‐C) in a reaction catalyzed by uridine‐cytidine kinase. The inhibition appeared to be competitive with respect to the adenosine 5′‐triphosphate and noncompetitive with respect to nucleoside substrates. 5‐aza‐CTP was a potent inhibitor of 5‐aza‐C phosphorylation but a weak inhibitor of uridine and cytidine phosphorylation. These results suggest that the feedback inhibition of uridine‐cytidine kinase by 5‐aza‐CTP may limit the amount of intracellular nucleotide analog formed in drug‐treated cells.
A new hamster fibrosarcoma model for in vitro/in vivo evaluation of cancer chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Benedict William F. , Khwaja Tasneem A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA hamster fetal cell clone has been developed for in vitro chemotherapeutic studies as well as in an in vivo fibrosarcoma model system. Highly reproducible quantitative in vitro chemotherapeutic data can be obtained with this cell line within 5 days, and as few as 102 cells produce rapidly growing fibrosarcomas when injected subcutaneously into adult hamsters. We found using these cells in vitro that 1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara‐C) can antagonize the effect of 5‐azacytidine (aza‐C) if given simultaneously or if aza‐C treatment is preceded by a 2‐hr exposure to ara‐c. Using the same cell line as in vivo model for chemotherapy it was also shown that ara‐C and cyclocytidine significantly inhibited tumor growth. This hamster cell line may be quite useful as an in vitro/in vivo model system for the study of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Uptake of 1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosylcytosine and prednisolone by synchronized human lymphoma cells
Authors: Persohn Linda K. , Drewinko Benjamin , Loo Ti Li 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytotoxicity of many antitumor agents exhibits cell‐cycle phase specificity. Using a human lymphoma cell line synchronized by thymidine block, we have investigated the differential uptake of radioactive 1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara‐C) and prednisolone in various phases of the cycle. Uptake of ara‐C is highest during early S and declines steadily throughout the rest of the cycle. In comparison, prednisolone demonstrates no significant age‐dependent difference in uptake although its cytotoxicity is cell cycle sensitive.
L‐asparaginase reinduction and maintenance therapy in previously treated acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Sieger Lance , Higgins Gussie , Ortega Jorge , Shore Nomie , Williams Kenneth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia previously treated with conventional chemotherapy received intramuscular L‐asparaginase in combination with other chemotherapy for reinduction and maintenance therapy. These patients received the L‐asparaginase for 8, 14, 27, and 34+ months without demonstrating any significant adverse effects. Only 1 of the 4 was clearly resistant to the other chemotherapy, and 3 of 4 had recurrence of their disease while receiving L‐asparaginase. L‐asparaginase can be added to reinduction and maintenance regimens of patients resistant to other chemotherapy and is well tolerated for long periods when given intramuscularly weekly with other immunosuppressant agents.
Emphysematous gastritis in A leukemic child
Authors: Rowen Marshall , Myers Marilyn , Williamson Robin A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEmphysematous gastritis associated with gram‐negative sepsis is described in a leukemic child on chemotherapy and steroids. Bubbly‐appearing air and thickening of the gastric wall were radiographically demonstrated. This is analogous to the demonstration of air within the thickened bowel wall in necrotizing enterocolitis, which is not unusual in seriously ill leukemic children. Gastric involvement has not been previously reported.
Breast cancer: Lack of prognostic value of adrenal pathology at adrenalectomy
Authors: Boasberg Peter D. , Warner Nancy E. , Hall Thomas C. , Helsper James T. , Donovan Arthur J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe adrenal glands of 58 patients undergoing adrenalectomy for advanced breast cancer were reviewed and correlated with the subsequent course of the patients' disease. Three patients had thecomatous metaplasia in the adrenal cortex, six patients had myelolipomatous changes, and 13 patients had metastatic breast cancer in their adrenal glands at the time of adrenalectomy. Neither the presence of metastases nor myelolipomatous changes were associated with a long disease‐free interval, a long period from mastectomy to adrenalectomy, or a prolonged postadrenalectomy survival The patients with metastatic breast cancer in the adrenal glands had more widespread disease than patients without adrenal metastases. The presence of breast cancer metastases in the adrenal glands at the time of adrenalectomy identifies patients further advanced in the course of their disease, but is not related prognostically to the effect of adrenalectomy.
Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) versus adriamycin, bleomycin, and prednisone (ABP) in stage IV non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Monfardini Silvio , Tancini Gabriele , Delena Mario , Villa Eugenio , Valagussa Pinuccia , Bonadonna Gianni 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn stage IV non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, CVP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone) was randomly compared to ABP (adriamycin, bleomycin, and prednisone). Of 62 patients entered into the study, 57 (CVP 27, ABP 30) were considered evaluable for comparison. In patients with liver and/or marrow involvement a second biopsy was performed to define complete remission (CR). CR occurred in 48% of patients treated with CVP and in 50% of those given ABP. The median duration of CR was 10.5 and 20.5 months, respectively. The difference is not statistically significant. Also the survival of complete responders was not significantly different between the two treatment groups. After cross‐over, secondary treatment with CVP produced an overall response rate of 40% (six of 15), compared to 50% (six of 12) obtained with ABP. In the ABP group, four patients developed a reversible interstitial penumonia. In two other patients, cardiomyopathy (fatal in one) was observed. In conclusion, although complete remission was similar in both groups, cumulative toxicity occurred in few patients given ABP. However, this combination could represent in effective alternative treatment to be used either in CVP failures or in sequence with CVP.
Neurotoxicity Due to CNS Therapy for Leukemia
Authors: Pochedly Carl 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCNS symptoms ranging from mild to lethal have occurred following CNS radiotherapy and intrathecal chemotherapy. Cranial radiotherapy often produces signs of mild encephalopathy, with predominance of somnolence. In rare cases, it appears that CNS radiotherapy may be followed by progressive encephalopathy. Intrathecal methotrexate frequently causes symptoms of meningeal irritation. Occasionally cases of weakness and paralysis, and rare instances of severe encephalopathy, may occur. However, in leukemic children treated with intensive chemotherapy and CNS radiotherapy who develop neurological complications, it is often difficult to determine which of many possible factors may be causing the CNS symptoms. The pathogenesis of the various forms of methotrexate neurotoxicity is poorly understood. The best‐established cause for these symptoms is high concentrations of methotrexate in the CSF or prolonged exposure of the brain to low CSF concentrations of methotrexate. These elevated concentrations of the drug may in turn be due to impaired elimination of the drug from the cerebrospinal fluid (usually due to overt CNS leukemia) or to increased dosage in relation to cerebrospinal fluid volume (due to adolescent age). Leukoencephalopathy is occasionally found at autopsy in children given intensive therapy with CNS radiotherapy and intrathecal methotrexate, together with intensive systemic chemotherapy. It was proposed that alteration of the blood‐brain barrier by cranial radiotherapy allows systemically administered anti‐leukemic drugs to enter the brain and to cause necrotic changes in the CNS white matter. Leukoencephalopathy also occurs following intraventricular administration of methotrexate. CNS‐toxicity due to intrathecal cytosine arabinoside is clinically similar to the symptoms seen following intrathecal methotrexate.
Social and Ethical Implications of Claims for Cancer Hazards
Authors: Weisburger John H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCurrent data show that about 80% of human cancers can be traced to environmental causes. The majority of human cancers are associated with two main etiologic factors: smoking of cigarettes and diet, which account for most of the cancers in the respiratory tract, in the digestive tract, and in the endocrine sensitive and reproductive organs. The evidence for these multifactorial causes is both epidemiologic and experimental. In recent years a number of lay and professional groups have expressed concern that the microcontaminants in our environment are responsible for cancer in man. Agitation, press releases, and statements before legislative and executive government departments have made claims for cancer hazards which do not appear to rest on sound epidemiologic or experimental bases, yet these claims have alarmed and indeed scared the public. Government agencies and industry have spent funds to investigate such claims. It appears that such actions not only divert valuable research funds and efforts into lines which do not seem to be fruitful in leading to a reduction in cancer risk for the main human cancers, but by falsely alarming the public, dilute serious efforts of cancer prevention with respect to the experimentally and epidemiologically established cancer risks.