bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APOE2 allele increased in tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Halford Jonathan , Mazeika Gandis , Slifer Susan , Speer Marcy , Saunders Ann M. , Strittmatter Warren J. , Morgenlander Joel C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNinety‐seven inpatients with tardive dyskinesia (average AIMS score = 13), the majority of whom were schizophrenic, were studied. Forty patients were Caucasian, and 57 were African–American. The APOE genotypes of these patients were compared to previously published genotypes of controls and with previously published studies of APOE genotypes in patients with schizophrenia. There were no significant differences in APOE allele frequencies comparing the African–American tardive dyskinesia population and the African–American control groups. In contrast, significant (< 0.05) P values were obtained comparing the Caucasian tardive dyskinesia population to the Caucasian controls, when comparing allele frequencies and genotypic frequencies. This study suggests that Caucasians bearing an APOE2 allele are at increased risk of developing tardive dyskinesia, whereas African–Americans are not. APOE genotype‐specific risks of both tardive dyskinesia and Alzheimer's disease that vary across populations could be due to recruitment of patients or controls or could be due to modifying effects of differing genetic or environmental backgrounds. The mechanism by which the APOE2 allele increases risk of tardive dyskinesia is not known. Further information about the mechanisms of increased risk of tardive dyskinesia could result in stratification of prescribing practices weighing the costs of medications against the relative risk of side effects. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR data for two 3β,8β‐epoxymexicanolides from the fruit of a Chinese mangrove Xylocarpus granatum
Authors: Wu Jun , Xiao Zhihui , Song Yang , Zhang Si , Xiao Qiang , Ma Cha , Ding Haixin , Li Qingxin 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThree 3β,8β‐epoxymexicanolides, including xyloccensin K, 6‐acetoxycedrodorin and a new one named xyloccensin W, were isolated from the fruit of a Chinese mangrove Xylocarpus granatum. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The first complete assignment of 1H and 13C NMR data for xyloccensin W was achieved by means of 2D NMR techniques, including 1H‐1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY spectra. In addition, the confusion of 1H and 13C NMR data previously reported for xyloccensin K was clarified. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
13C NMR spectral assignment of 1,4‐diarylpiperazinones
Authors: Abreu Arturo , Ochoa Ma. Eugenia , Farfán Norberto , Santillan Rosa 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe piperazinone derivatives have potential application in the pharmaceutical, polymer and textile fields. The present work describes the preparation of a series of new 1,4‐diarylsubstituted‐2‐piperazinones by condensation of substituted N,N′‐bis‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐ethylenediamines with glyoxal and the complete 13C NMR spectral assignment accomplished using APT, HMQC and HMBC techniques. Substituent chemical‐shift effects (SCS) were calculated, which showed different values for the lactam‐ and amine‐substituted aromatic rings. The results show that predictions based on SCS effects are not simple for these molecules due to electronic and steric effects. Moreover, in the case of the ortho‐substituted derivative 2 g, the NMR spectra reveal a dynamic behavior related to restricted rotation of the phenyl groups (atropisomerism). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stem cell protein Piwil2 modulates expression of murine spermatogonial stem cell expressed genes
Authors: Lee Jae Ho , Engel Wolfgang , Nayernia Karim 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe piwi family genes are highly conserved during evolution and play essential roles in stem cell self‐renewal, gametogenesis, and RNA interference in diverse organisms ranging from Arabidopsis to human. Piwil2, known also as Mili gene, is one of three mouse homologues of piwi. Piwil2 was found in germ cells of adult testis, suggesting that this gene functions in spermatogonial stem cell self‐renewal. In order to find molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell activity mediated by Piwil2 gene, an in vitro gain of function cell culture model was established. Messenger RNAs isolated from cells expressing Piwil2 and mRNAs isolated from cells without Piwil2 expression were compared using a stem cell array technique. It was shown that Piwil2 modulates expression of stem cell specific genes, including platelet‐derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide (Pdgfrb), solute carrier family 2 member 1 (Slc2a1), gap junction membrane channel protein alpha 7 (Gja7), and spermatogonial cell surface markers Thy‐1 (CD90), integrin alpha 6 (Itga6), CD9, and spermatogonia specific markers heat shock protein 90 alpha (Hsp90a), and stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (Stra8). These molecules play essential role in stem cells proliferation (Pdgfrb), energy metabolism (Slc2a1), cell adhesion, cell–cell interaction (Itga6, Gja7, Thy‐1, and CD9), and germ cell differentiation (Stra8). The expression of these markers in spermatogonial stem cells and other nongerminal stem cells suggests that these cells share elements of common molecular machinery with stem cells in other tissues which are modulated by stem cell protein Piwil2. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radial basis functions and level set method for structural topology optimization
Authors: Wang Shengyin , Wang Michael Yu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractLevel set methods have become an attractive design tool in shape and topology optimization for obtaining lighter and more efficient structures. In this paper, the popular radial basis functions (RBFs) in scattered data fitting and function approximation are incorporated into the conventional level set methods to construct a more efficient approach for structural topology optimization. RBF implicit modelling with multiquadric (MQ) splines is developed to define the implicit level set function with a high level of accuracy and smoothness. A RBF–level set optimization method is proposed to transform the Hamilton–Jacobi partial differential equation (PDE) into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) over the entire design domain by using a collocation formulation of the method of lines. With the mathematical convenience, the original time dependent initial value problem is changed to an interpolation problem for the initial values of the generalized expansion coefficients. A physically meaningful and efficient extension velocity method is presented to avoid possible problems without reinitialization in the level set methods. The proposed method is implemented in the framework of minimum compliance design that has been extensively studied in topology optimization and its efficiency and accuracy over the conventional level set methods are highlighted. Numerical examples show the success of the present RBF–level set method in the accuracy, convergence speed and insensitivity to initial designs in topology optimization of two‐dimensional (2D) structures. It is suggested that the introduction of the radial basis functions to the level set methods can be promising in structural topology optimization. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predisposition to atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor due to an inherited INI1 mutation
Authors: Janson Kristin , Nedzi Lucien A. , David Odile , Schorin Marshall , Walsh John W. , Bhattacharjee Meena , Pridjian Gabriella , Tan Lu , Judkins Alexander R. , Biegel Jaclyn A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackgroundGermline mutations of the INI1 gene predispose children to the development of rhabdoid tumors. Reports of familial cases, however, are extremely rare.ProcedureWe have identified a three‐generation family in which two half‐brothers were diagnosed with central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT). The two boys, diagnosed at 2 months and 17 months of age, had a germline insertion mutation in exon 4 of the INI1 gene that was inherited from their healthy mother. A maternal uncle died in childhood from a brain tumor and a malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney, and presumably carried the same germline mutation. As the mother and uncle had different fathers, the grandmother is also an obligate carrier of the mutation.ConclusionThe identification of two unaffected carriers in a family segregating a germline mutation and rhabdoid tumor supports the hypothesis that there may be variable risks of development of rhabdoid tumor in the context of a germline mutation. There may be a developmental window in which most rhabdoid tumors occur. This family highlights the importance of mutation analysis in all patients with a suspected rhabdoid tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006;47:279–284. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of infliximab‐daclizumab combination for the treatment of acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease of the liver and gut
Authors: Rodriguez Vilmarie , Anderson Peter M. , Trotz Barbara A. , Arndt Carola A.S. , Allen Julia A. , Khan Shakila P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInfliximab‐daclizumab was used to treat acute and chronic liver and gut graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) in two children after standard immunosuppressive therapy failed. Infliximab (10 mg/kg weekly, 4 doses) and daclizumab (1 mg/kg, days 1, 4, 8, 15, and 22) were given over 1 month. In case 1, grade 2 chronic GVHD of the liver developed 1 year after transplantation and failed to improve with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. In case 2, corticosteroid‐unresponsive grade 3 acute liver and gut GVHD developed on day +37. In both patients, GVHD responded to the infliximab‐daclizumab regimen without toxicity and immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:212–215. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ovarian repositioning in pediatric cancer patients: Flexible techniques accommodate pelvic radiation fields
Authors: Cowles Robert A. , Gewanter Richard M. , Kandel Jessica J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTreatments for childhood cancer and consequent long‐term survival rates continue to improve. As the success of these therapies advances, premature ovarian failure and sterility have become an increasingly evident long‐term morbidity. Abdominal and pelvic radiation have been specifically shown to induce early menopause and decreased fertility. In order to minimize radiation injury, we utilized novel techniques to reposition ovaries in two girls with pelvic tumors prior to initiation of pelvic radiation. One girl with a sacral Ewing sarcoma underwent laparoscopic anterior suspension of the ovaries, using a simple and easily reversible technique. The second patient, who underwent hysterectomy for a recurrent uterine rhabdomyosarcoma, underwent widely lateral and cephalad repositioning of the ovaries. Both procedures were well tolerated, with no significant morbidity. In both cases the ovaries were moved well beyond the planned radiation field. We propose that open or laparoscopic ovarian repositioning in children is a simple, flexible, and reversible option to reduce radiation injury to the ovaries in pediatric cancer patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:339–341. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scattering properties of core–shell particles in plastic matrices
Authors: Small Alex , Hong Sheng , Pine David 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBlending submicron rubber particles with plastics can enhance the mechanical strength of the composite material. However, the difference in refractive index between the particle and matrix scatters light, making the material more opaque. We consider the possibility of reducing a particle's scattering cross section by adding coatings. We find that adding coatings can reduce the amount of scattering by changing the effective dielectric contrast between the particle and the matrix. We also found that, when the refractive index of the particle is very close to that of the matrix the order of the layers can have significant effects on the transmitted light. Such effects may be useful for engineering the optical properties of particle‐doped plastics. Resonant effects akin to those found in antireflection coatings on planar surfaces are difficult to obtain and rarely provide a significant reduction in scattering. We discuss theoretical models that can qualitatively explain some of our results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3534–3548, 2005
Deswelling comparison of temperature‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) microgels containing functional OH groups with different hydrophilic long side chains
Authors: Ma Xiaomei , Xi Jingyu , Zhao Xian , Tang Xiaozhen 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTwo monomers containing functional OH groups with different hydrophilic long side chains (viz., triethyleneglycol methacrylate (TREGMA) and polyethyleneglycol methacrylate (PEGMA)) were selected to modify the swelling/deswelling behavior of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) microgels. Dynamic scattering technique, turbidimetric method, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to investigate the deswelling behavior of the microgels. Experimental results show that the two series of microgels are identical in that incorporation of hydrophilic chains containing OH groups causes the volume‐phase transition temperature (VPTT) of pNIPAM microgels to shift to higher temperature; the more hydrophilic the side chains, the more the VPTTs shift. Although PEGMA are more effective in elevating the VPTTs of pNIPAM microgels than TREGMA, p(NIPAM‐co‐TREGMA) microgels show better deswelling properties than p(NIPAM‐co‐PEGMA) microgels, i.e., they have much larger deswelling ratios (α) and display less continuous volume‐phase transition. The VPTTs of the modified microgels can be modulated to well close to the normal body temperature of human beings. These characteristics along with the functional OH groups they contain make the microgels competitive candidates for biomaterials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3575–3583, 2005
Electrical conductivity of some cationic polysaccharides. I. Effects of polyelectrolyte concentration, charge density, substituent at the ionic group, and solvent polarity
Authors: Ghimici Luminita , Nichifor Marieta 
Published: October 2005

AbstractElectrolytic conductivity behavior of some cationic polysaccharides in water, methanol, and the mixtures water/methanol is presented. The polyelectrolytes investigated contain quaternary ammonium salt groups, N‐alkyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐hydroxypropyleneammonium chloride, attached to a dextran backbone. This study considers the influences of polymer concentration (1 × 10−6 < C < 1 × 10−2 monomol L−1) and the charge density (ξ = 0.48–3.17) modified either by changing charge distance (b) or dielectric constant of the solvent (ε) on polyion–counterion interaction in salt‐free solutions. Above the critical value, ξc = 1, the variation of the equivalent conductivity (Λ) as a function of concentration is typical for a polyelectrolyte behavior. The conductometric data in water were analyzed in terms of the Manning's counterion condensation theory. The presence of longer alkyl chains at quaternary N atoms was found to have a negligible influence on the Λ values. The results show that the decrease of the medium polarity results in the decrease of the number of free ions and, consequently, of the equivalent conductivity values. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3584–3590, 2005
Acceptability of pesticide impacts on the environment: what do United Kingdom stakeholders and the public value?
Authors: Crane Mark , Norton Andrew , Leaman John , Chalak Ali , Bailey Alistair , Yoxon Mark , Smith Jim , Fenlon John 
Published: October 2005

AbstractEU Directive 91/414/EEC requires there to be no unacceptable effects on the environment from the use of pesticides. This paper reports the views of direct stakeholder groups and results from an opinion survey of more than 2000 members of the general public on what in practice should constitute acceptable and unacceptable effects of pesticides. Stakeholders in focus groups were concerned with the potential effects of pesticides on animal and plant population viability and micro‐organism function but recognized that a trade‐off exists between the potential economic advantages of responsible pesticide use and the potential disadvantages of individual poisoning events. The public opinion survey showed that although pesticides are widely used in homes and gardens, their use on farm crops remains of concern to the public. Concerns are greatest on issues of human health and food quality but potential environmental effects are also an issue for a substantial number of people, particularly if attractive species could be affected. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative Structure‐retention Relationship for Gas Chromatography of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes by Ab initio Quantummechanical Calculations and a Cl Substitution Position Method
Authors: Zhai Zhi‐Cai , Wang Zun‐Yao , Chen Shu‐Da 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThree quantitative structure‐retention relationship (QSRR) models have been developed for gas chromatographic relative retention indices (RIs) of polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners. With computation at HF/6‐31G* and B3LYP/6‐31G* levels in Gaussian98 program, the structural parameters of PCNs were obtained and used as chemical descriptors to correlate with their gas chromatographic RIs by multiple linear regression analysis, resulting in model 1 and model 2. The squared correlation coefficients (r2) of the first two models are 0.9814 and 0.9957, and the cross‐validation correlation coefficients (q2) are 0.9771 and 0.9948, respectively. On the other hand, the third model, model 3, was developed using the relative position of chlorine substitution as molecular descriptor, and its multiple squared correlation coefficient is r2 = 0.9967 and q2 = 0.9959, suggesting model 3 is practical and especially has a optimum predictive power.
Charge‐induced modulation of magnetic interactions in a [2 × 2] metal‐organic grid complex
Authors: Romeike C. , Wegewijs M. R. , Wenzel W. , Ruben M. , Schoeller H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe investigate the magnetic state of a recently synthesized [2 × 2]‐metal‐organic grid complex as a function of its redox state. Our analysis of a phenomenological model for the relevant molecular orbitals reveals that additional electrons on the ligands can couple their spins via the bridging metal sites. We find that at certain stages of the reduction of the complex cation, a maximal total spin ground state of the complex (S = 3/2) can be stabilized by the Nagaoka mechanism. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Semiempirical hyperspherical model for 4HeN clusters
Authors: Lohr Lawrence L. , Blinder S. M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA semiempirical hyperspherical model for the ground states of low‐temperature helium clusters is proposed. Extension of the authors' delta function model for the helium dimer suggests an effective hyper‐radial Schrödinger equation with two empirical parameters. The parameters are fitted so as to reproduce the ground‐state energies and RMS interatomic distances in Blume and Greene's quantum Monte Carlo computations for 4HeN clusters with N = 3–10. The model can be extrapolated to N → ∞ to give a reasonable value for the binding energy per atom in a helium droplet. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Mass spectrometric analysis of the interactions between CP12, a chloroplast protein, and metal ions: a possible regulatory role within a PRK/GAPDH/CP12 complex
Authors: Delobel Arnaud , Graciet Emmanuelle , Andreescu Simona , Gontero Brigitte , Halgand Frédéric , Laprévote Olivier 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe small chloroplast protein CP12 plays the role of a protein linker in the assembly process of a PRK/GAPDH/CP12 complex that is involved in CO2 assimilation in photosynthetic organisms. The redox state of CP12 regulates its role as a protein linker. Only the oxidized protein, with two disulfide bonds, is active in complex formation. Several observations indicating that CP12 might bind a metal ion led us to screen the binding of different metal ions on oxidized or reduced CP12 using non‐covalent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) experiments. The oxidized protein bound specifically Cu2+ and Ni2+ (Kd of 26 ± 1 µM and 11 ± 1 µM, respectively); other cations such as Fe2+and Zn2+did not bind, while cations such as Cd2+ formed non‐specific adducts to CP12. Similar results were obtained for metal ions on screening with the reduced CP12. Interestingly, the present results suggest that Cu2+ catalyzes the re‐formation of the disulfide bonds of the reduced CP12, leading to recovery of the fully oxidized CP12 that is then able to bind a Cu2+ ion. Finally the high similarity between CP12 and copper chaperones from Arabidopsis thaliana, as judged by hydrophobic cluster analysis, provides additional evidence for the relevance of metal binding for the in vivo situation. The findings that CP12 is able to bind a metal ion, and that Cu2+ catalyzes the oxidation of the thiol groups of CP12, are new characteristics of this protein that may prove to be important in the regulation of the assembly process of the PRK/GAPDH/CP12 complex. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concentration inequalities for functions of independent variables
Authors: Maurer Andreas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFollowing the entropy method this paper presents general concentration inequalities, which can be applied to combinatorial optimization and empirical processes. The inequalities give improved concentration results for optimal traveling salesmen tours, Steiner trees, and the eigenvalues of random symmetric matrices. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2006
Simulation of electron‐excited X‐ray spectra with NIST–NIH Desktop Spectrum Analyzer (DTSA)
Authors: Newbury Dale E. , Myklebust Robert L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDesktop Spectrum Analyzer (DTSA) is a comprehensive software platform for the collection, simulation, processing, qualitative, and quantitative analysis of electron‐excited X‐ray spectra. Spectrum simulation is based upon solving the rigorous expression for inner shell ionization, integrated from the incident beam energy to the critical excitation energy, taking into account energy loss of the primary electrons and the loss of ionization power due to electron backscattering. The user can choose from a wide range of cross sections for K‐, L‐ and M‐shell ionization, as well as for the X‐ray continuum. Both energy‐dispersive and wavelength‐dispersive spectrometers can be simulated. The simulated spectrum can be inspected at each stage of its generation, propagation through the specimen, propagation through the detector windows and structure, and after application of the detector‐broadening function. The final spectrum is calculated on an absolute dose and spectrometer efficiency basis, permitting comparison to experimentally measured spectra. Correspondence for K‐shell intensity within ±20% relative to experimental values can be achieved over a wide range of photon energy. Appropriate counting statistics can be applied to the simulated spectra, enabling the user to test the accuracy of peak fitting with multiple linear least squares or sequential simplex nonlinear procedures. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.