bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAPN3 mutations in patients with idiopathic eosinophilic myositis
Authors: Krahn Martin , Lopez De Munain Adolfo , Streichenberger Nathalie , Bernard Rafaëlle , Pécheux Christophe , Testard Hervé , Pena‐Segura José L. , Yoldi Eugenia , Cabello Ana , Romero Norma B. , Poza Juan J. , Bouillot‐Eimer Sandrine , Ferrer Xavier , Goicoechea Maria , Garcia‐Bragado Federico , Leturcq France , Urtizberea J. Andoni , Lévy Nicolas 
Published: April 2006

AbstractObjectiveEosinophilic myositis (EM) constitutes a rare pathological entity characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of skeletal muscles, usually associated with parasite infections, systemic disorders, or the intake of drugs or L‐tryptophan. The exclusion of such causes defines the spectrum of idiopathic EM. Based on a protein analysis performed in one affected patient, we identified the gene encoding calpain‐3, CAPN3, as a candidate for a subset of idiopathic EM.MethodsWe screened CAPN3 for mutations using DHPLC and direct sequencing in six unrelated patients, recruited for EM diagnosed after histological examination of muscle biopsy samples, without any identified causative factor.ResultsWe identified CAPN3 mutations in the six unrelated patients originally diagnosed with idiopathic EM.InterpretationMutations in CAPN3 can cause EM. Thus, a subset of idiopathic EM is genetically determined, with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Patients presented with a triad that appears to be indicative of CAPN3 mutations: (1) EM in the first decade, (2) elevated serum creatine phosphokinase levels (isolated or with little corresponding weakness), and (3) inconstant peripheral hypereosinophilia. However, that EM represents a distinct phenotype associated to CAPN3 mutations or, rather, an early histopathological picture of LGMD2A must be further evaluated. Our findings should be of interest toward further investigating the role of calpain‐3 in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, patients with idiopathic EM should undergo calpain‐3 protein analysis and be considered for subsequent molecular analysis of the CAPN3 gene.
Inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases with prinomastat produces abnormalities in fetal growth and development in rats
Authors: Younis Husam S. , Jessen Bart A. , Wu Ellen Y. , Stevens Gregory J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play key roles in remodeling of the extracellular matrix during embryogenesis and fetal development. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of prinomastat, a potent selective MMP inhibitor, on fetal growth and development. METHODS: Prinomastat (25, 100, 250 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was administered to pregnant female Sprague–Dawley rats on gestational days (GD) 6–17. A Cesarian section was carried out on GD 20 and the fetuses were evaluated for viability and skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities. RESULTS: Prinomastat treatment at the 250 mg/kg/day dose produced a decrease in body weight and food consumption in the dams. A dose‐dependent increase in post‐implantation loss was observed in the 100 and 250 mg/kg/day‐dose groups, resulting in only 22% of the dams having viable litters for evaluation at the 250 mg/kg/day dose. Fetal skeletal tissue variations and malformations were present in all prinomastat treated groups and their frequency increased with dose. Variations and malformation in fetal soft tissue were also increased at the 100 and 250 mg/kg/day doses. Prinomastat also interfered with fetal growth of rat embryo cultures in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that MMP inhibition has a profound effect on fetal growth and development in vivo and in vitro. Birth Defects Research (Part B) 77:95–103, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A kinetic model to explain the maximum in α‐amylase activity measurements in the presence of small carbohydrates
Authors: Baks Tim , Janssen Anja E.M. , Boom Remko M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effect of the presence of several small carbohydrates on the measurement of the α‐amylase activity was determined over a broad concentration range. At low carbohydrate concentrations, a distinct maximum in the α‐amylase activity versus concentration curves was observed in several cases. At higher concentrations, all carbohydrates show a decreasing α‐amylase activity at increasing carbohydrate concentrations. A general kinetic model has been developed that can be used to describe and explain these phenomena. This model is based on the formation of a carbohydrate–enzyme complex that remains active. It is assumed that this complex is formed when a carbohydrate binds to α‐amylase without blocking the catalytic site and its surrounding subsites. Furthermore, the kinetic model incorporates substrate inhibition and substrate competition. Depending on the carbohydrate type and concentration, the measured α‐amylase activity can be 75% lower than the actual α‐amylase activity. The model that has been developed can be used to correct for these effects in order to obtain the actual amount of active enzyme. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Closure effects on oxygen transfer and aerobic growth in shake flasks
Authors: Nikakhtari Hossein , Hill Gordon A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOxygen mass transfer in shake flasks is an important aspect limiting the culture of aerobic microorganisms. In this work, mass transfer of oxygen through a closure and headspace of shake flasks is investigated. New equations for prediction of kGa in shake flasks with closures are introduced. Using Pseudomonas putida, microbial growth on glucose (fast metabolism) and phenol (slow metabolism) in shake flasks with closures were studied, considering both substrate and oxygen restrictions. A combined model for oxygen mass transfer and microbial growth is shown to accurately predict experimental oxygen concentrations and oxygen yield factors during growth experiments more accurately than previous models. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Efficient Direct Synthesis of N,O‐Acetal Compounds as Key Intermediates of Discorhabdin A: Oxidative Fragmentation Reaction of α‐Amino Acids or β‐Amino Alcohols by Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents
Authors: Harayama Yu , Yoshida Masako , Kamimura Daigo , Wada Yasufumi , Kita Yasuyuki 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHypervalent iodine(III) reagents are readily available, easy to handle, and have a low toxicity and similar reactivities to those of heavy metal reagents, and hence they are used for various oxidative reactions. The oxidative cleavage of alkynes or carbonyl compounds by using bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo(III) pentafluorobenzene (C6F5I(OCOCF3)2) has been reported.1 Herein, the efficient direct synthesis of N,O‐acetal compounds as key intermediates of discorhabdin A, by the oxidative fragmentation reaction of α‐amino acids or β‐amino alcohols by using C6F5I(OCOCF3)2, is described.
Gd‐enhanced MR images of substrates other than water
Authors: Terreno Enzo , Botta Mauro , Dastrù Walter , Aime Silvio 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis communication reports the dramatic relaxation enhancements that can be obtained upon the interaction of substrates like lactate, trifluorolactate and inorganic phosphate with the paramagnetic GdDO3A agent. This occurs thanks to the formation of kinetically labile ternary complexes in which the substrate nuclei are in close proximity to the paramagnetic center. It is demonstrated that heteronuclear 13C, 19F and 31P‐MR images can be obtained from phantoms containing the substrate in the millimolar concentration range. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transfusion independence in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Balducci Lodovico 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAnemia is the most common cytopenia associated with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Current management relies on frequent red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and erythroid growth factors to alleviate symptoms. However, the dependence of patients with MDS on repeated RBC transfusions often results in significant clinical and economic consequences, poorer outcomes, and diminished health‐related quality of life. In addition, the intensity and duration of RBC transfusion dependence can influence responses to treatment after disease progression. Erythropoietic growth factors may alleviate the need for RBC transfusions in some patients with MDS, although only a minority of patients experience responses. Emerging treatment strategies to reduce or eliminate the need for RBC transfusions in patients with MDS include immunomodulating drugs, immunosuppressive therapy, and differentiating agents. The immunomodulating drug lenalidomide in patients who have MDS with 5q deletion is unique among emerging approaches, in that cytogenetic remitting activity and durable erythroid responses have been achieved. Newer treatments have the potential to improve the care of patients with MDS by alleviating the clinical, economic, and quality‐of‐life consequences of long‐term RBC transfusion dependence. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Risk of invasive breast carcinoma among women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ, 1988‐2001
Authors: Li Christopher I. , Malone Kathleen E. , Saltzman Babette S. , Daling Janet R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncidence rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) have been rising, but little is known about which patients will develop invasive breast cancer or what types of tumors these patients may develop.METHODSBy using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data, the authors evaluated how types of invasive breast cancers diagnosed among 37,692 DCIS and 4490 LCIS patients differed and how clinical characteristics influenced subsequent breast cancer risk.RESULTSAmong DCIS patients, incidence rates of ipsilateral and contralateral invasive breast cancer were 5.4/1000 person‐years and 4.5/1000 person‐years, respectively; and among LCIS patients, incidence rates were 7.3/1000 person‐years and 5.2/1000 person‐years, respectively. LCIS patients were 5.3‐fold more likely than DCIS patients to develop invasive lobular carcinomas. Women whose DCIS had comedo histologic features or was poorly differentiated had 1.4‐fold and 2.0‐fold elevations in ipsilateral invasive breast cancer risk. Furthermore, among DCIS patients, 20‐49 year‐olds and black women and Hispanic white women had 1.6, 2.7, and 2.3‐fold elevated risks of Stage III/IV breast cancer compared with 50‐59 year‐olds and non‐Hispanic whites, respectively.CONCLUSIONSScreening young DCIS patients more frequently and improving the follow‐up care of blacks and Hispanic whites with DCIS may reduce their risk of advanced‐stage breast cancer. In addition, LCIS may be a precursor rather than just an ambiguous risk factor for invasive breast cancer, and, therefore, localized treatment for LCIS may be warranted. Given that incidence rates of DCIS and LCIS have been rising, investigations of these tumors should be continued to better understand their etiology and appropriate clinical management. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
After prostate cancer: Predictors of well‐being among long‐term prostate cancer survivors
Authors: Blank Thomas O. , Bellizzi Keith M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite growing numbers of prostate cancer (PCa) survivors, to the authors' knowledge there is little research regarding how personality, coping, and treatment influence men's psychologic well‐being, as distinct from the often‐studied functional, health‐related quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine how hope, optimism, use of coping strategies, and primary treatment predict well‐being, positive and negative affect, impact, depression, and adaptive changes among PCa survivors.METHODSA questionnaire tapping personality, primary treatment, and coping strategy predictor variables and outcome variables of both positive and negative aspects of well‐being was sent to 1–8‐year PCa survivors. The final sample included 490 men.RESULTSBasic univariate analyses demonstrated that the men reported being happy, hopeful, and positive, with low levels of negative outcomes. Regression analyses demonstrated that positive outcomes were influenced primarily by personality. Negative outcomes were found to be affected by both personality and coping strategies. Adaptive changes were the only ones found to be significantly affected by primary treatment.CONCLUSIONSAlthough longer‐term survivorship of PCa does not appear to be a highly traumatic experience, personality factors and the use of coping strategies years after treatment were found to introduce variability to well‐being in complex ways, differing in relation to positive and negative outcomes. Clinical attention should be given to how the experience of cancer fits within the larger context of an individual's attitudes, choices, and coping strategy orientation. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Assessment of health‐related quality of life in children with cancer
Authors: Russell Kathryn M. W. , Hudson Melissa , Long Alanna , Phipps Sean 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn pediatric settings, measures of health‐related quality of life (HRQL) are often obtained by proxy, especially from parents, but the correlation between parental report and patient report has not been clearly established. In the current study, the authors examined the agreement between child and parent reports of HRQL in children with cancer (both those receiving treatment and those off treatment) and healthy controls.METHODSTwo groups of children with cancer who differed with regard to treatment status (n = 199) and a group of healthy control children (n = 108) were assessed using a standardized measure of HRQL. Both children and parents reported on the child's HRQL using parallel forms of the Children's Health Questionnaire.RESULTSSignificant parent‐child correlations were found for all 10 HRQL scales, and these correlations were higher in the cancer groups compared with controls. Parents in the cancer groups tended to underestimate the HRQL of their children compared with the child report, although there were no significant parent‐child mean differences in the group of patients who were off treatment and only 2 significant differences in the group of children receiving treatment. In contrast, parents in the control group tended to overestimate the HRQL of their children, and the parent‐child differences were found to be larger, achieving statistical significance on 8 of 10 scales.CONCLUSIONSParents and children tend to report comparable child HRQL outcomes, and this is particularly true in oncology populations. In cases in which the child is either too young or too ill to provide a self‐report, parent‐reported HRQL can be viewed as a reliable substitute. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Introducing emergent technologies in tactical and disaster recovery networks
Authors: Caviglione Luca 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper aims at introducing some emerging technologies and illustrating how they could be ported on both tactical and civil protection networks, allowing both functional and structural improvement. In the past years, ‘ordinary’ networking technologies have made dramatic progress in topics that were previously assumed as marginal, such as anonymity and data persistence. In this evolutionary perspective, an effort could be made to port this subset of civil technologies to more challenging networking environments. The peer‐to‐peer (p2p) networking paradigm offers interesting solutions for organizing both the application‐level interaction and the signalling/resource reservation phase, as well as the effective delivery of a service. Due to its intrinsic delocalization characteristic, it also offers a set of solutions for anonymous data exchange, and helps hiding the routing phase. In another respect, but even more consistent, zero configuration networks allow keeping up and running the infrastructure, by reducing the needs of skilled technicians or network administrators to the minimum. This technology allows performing configuration and maintenance in a semi‐automatic way, avoiding waste of time during tactical operations and preventing the occurrence of mistakes in panic situations. The paper highlights the main aspects and discusses a specific example in the deployment of application‐level service quality over an ad hoc network scenario. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The revisit of QoS routing based on non‐linear Lagrange relaxation
Authors: Feng Gang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe development of efficient quality of service (QoS) routing algorithms in a high‐speed networking or the next generation IP networking environment is a very important and at the same time very difficult task due to the need to provide divergent services with multiple QoS requirements. Recently, a heuristic algorithm H_MCOP, which is based on a non‐linear Lagrange relaxation (NLR) technique, has been proposed to resolve the contradiction between the time complexity and the quality of solution. Even though H_MCOP has demonstrated outstanding capability of finding feasible solutions to the multi‐path constrained (MCP) problem, it has not exploited the full capability that an NLR‐based technique could offer. In this paper, we propose a new NLR‐based heuristic called NLR_MCP, in which the search process is interpreted from a probability's perspective. Simulation results indicate that NLR_MCP can achieve a higher probability of finding feasible solutions than H_MCOP. We also verify that the performance improvement of a MCP heuristic has a tremendous impact on the performance of a higher level heuristic that uses a MCP heuristic as the basic step. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding mechanisms of γ‐globin gene regulation to develop strategies for pharmacological fetal hemoglobin induction
Authors: Pace Betty S. , Zein Sima 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe developmental regulation of γ‐globin gene expression has shaped research efforts to establish therapeutic modalities for individuals affected with sickle cell disease (SCD). Fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) synthesis is high at birth, followed by a decline to adult levels by 10 months of age. The expression of γ‐globin is controlled by a developmentally regulated transcriptional program that is recapitulated during normal erythropoiesis in the adult bone marrow. It is known that naturally occurring mutations in the γ‐gene promoters cause persistent Hb F synthesis after birth, which ameliorates symptoms in SCD by inhibiting hemoglobin S polymerization and vaso‐occlusion. Several pharmacological agents have been identified over the past 2 decades that reactivate γ‐gene transcription through different cellular systems. We will review the progress made in our understanding of molecular mechanisms that control γ‐globin expression and insights gained from Hb F–inducing agents that act through signal transduction pathways. Developmental Dynamics 235:1727–1737, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Misexpression screen for genes altering the olfactory map in Drosophila
Authors: Zhang Dongsheng , Zhou Weiguang , Yin Chong , Chen Weitao , Ozawa Rie , Ang Lay‐Hong , Anandan Lavanya , Aigaki Toshiro , Hing Huey 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDespite the identification of a number of guidance molecules, a comprehensive picture has yet to emerge to explain the precise anatomy of the olfactory map. From a misexpression screen of 1,515 P{GS} lines, we identified 23 genes that, when forcibly expressed in the olfactory receptor neurons, disrupted the stereotyped anatomy of the Drosophila antennal lobes. These genes, which have not been shown previously to control olfactory map development, encode novel proteins as well as proteins with known roles in axonal outgrowth and cytoskeletal remodeling. We analyzed Akap200, which encodes a Protein Kinase A‐binding protein. Overexpression of Akap200 resulted in fusion of the glomeruli, while its loss resulted in misshapen and ectopic glomeruli. The requirement of Akap200 validates our screen as an effective approach for recovering genes controlling glomerular map patterning. Our finding of diverse classes of genes reveals the complexity of the mechanisms that underlie olfactory map development. genesis 44:189–201, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rare Earth Benzotriazolates: Coordination Polymers Incorporating Decomposition Products from Ammonia to 1,2‐Diaminobenzene in∞1[Ln(Btz)3(BtzH)] (Ln = Ce, Pr), ∞1[Ln(Btz)3{Ph(NH2)2}] (Ln = Nd, Tb, Yb), and ∞1[Ho2(Btz)6(BtzH)(NH3)]
Authors: Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Mokaddem Yassin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe solvent‐free melt reactions of benzotriazole (BtzH, C6H4N2NH) with rare earth metals result in three different types of benzotriazolate coordination polymers. Early 4f metals yield ∞1[Ln(Btz)3(BtzH)] [Ln = Ce (1), Pr (2)], from neodymium to ytterbium the type ∞1[Ln(Btz)3{Ph(NH2)2}] is observed [Ln = Nd (3), Tb (4), Yb (5)], whereas the late 4f metal Ho gives ∞1[Ho2(Btz)6(BtzH)(NH3)] (6). Depending on the reaction conditions and the respective rare earth element, ligand fragments originating from decomposition products are incorporated in the coordination polymers. Compounds 1–3 and 6 were obtained as single crystals and their crystal structures determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, whilst 4 and 5 were obtained as powders. X‐ray powder diffraction shows the isotypic character of polymers 3, 4, and 5. The benzotriazolates contain trivalent lanthanide ions with complete nitrogen coordination. Decomposition of the ligand accompanies the formation of the coordination polymers. X‐ray analysis was combined with thermal analysis and mass spectrometry to investigate the influence of reaction temperatures on ligand decomposition. Ln‐benzotriazolates exhibit aspects of materials science such as luminescence {5D4→7FJ, J = 4–6 for ∞1[Tb(Btz)3{Ph(NH2)2}] (4)} without quenching by concentration. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Tetrahydropyran‐Amino Acids: Novel Building Blocks for Gramicidin‐Hybrid Ion Channels
Authors: Schröder Sabine , Schrey Anna K. , Knoll Andrea , Reiß Philipp , Ziemer Burkhard , Koert Ulrich 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of a cis‐2,6‐disubstituted tetrahydropyran bearing a δ‐amino acid has been achieved starting from N‐Boc‐leucinal. The THP amino acid was incorporated into peptide sequences and the structural consequences were studied by X‐ray crystallography and NMR analysis. Single‐channel current measurements showed that the THP amino acid is a suitable substitute for positions 11 and 12 of the gramicidin ion channel. The resulting hybrid ion channel revealed Eisenman I ion selectivity and an ion‐dependence of the channel dwell time. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Preparation, Crystallographic Characterization, and Theoretical Study of C70(CF3)14
Authors: Goryunkov Alexey A. , Ignat’eva Daria V. , Tamm Nadezhda B. , Moiseeva Natalia N. , Ioffe Ilya N. , Avdoshenko Stanislav M. , Markov Vitaly Yu. , Sidorov Lev N. , Kemnitz Erhard , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFive C70(CF3)14 isomers have been isolated chromatographically from the mixture produced in the ampoule reaction between C70 and CF3I at 390 °C. Molecular structures of four isomers have been determined in a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study. A quantum chemical survey of the theoretically possible isomers demonstrated that the structures obtained are energetically favorable but that there is probably no full thermodynamic control in the trifluoromethylation process.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)