bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of novel immune checkpoint inhibitor‐based combinations versus chemotherapy as first‐line treatment for patients with extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Chuang , Xuan Tiantian , Gong Qing , Dai Xin , Wang Chengjun , Zhang Rongyu , Zhao Wen , Wang Jian , Yue Weiming , Li Jisheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) have an exceptionally poor prognosis and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with etoposide‐platinum is recommended as standard first‐line therapy. However, which combination pattern is the best still remains unknown. This network meta‐analysis was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of currently available patterns including an antiangiogenic agent containing regimen and probed into the most appropriate therapy for patients.MethodsHazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were generated using R software. The outcomes of overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events of grade 3 or higher (grade ≥ 3 adverse events [AEs]) were analyzed.ResultsA total of 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 5544 patients were included for analysis. Drug combination patterns included adebrelimab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, durvalumab plus tremelimumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, serplulimab, benmelstobart plus anlotinib, tislelizumab, tiragolumab plus atezolizumab and toripalimab in combination with chemotherapy. The novel antiangiogenic agent containing regimen benmelstobart + anlotinib + chemotherapy showed the highest possibility to present the best PFS and OS versus chemotherapy. Compared with ICI plus chemotherapy, it also achieved significantly better PFS and presented a tendency of OS benefit. As for safety and toxicity, patients treated with benmelstobart + anlotinib + chemotherapy and durvalumab + tremelimumab + chemotherapy suffered a higher likelihood of more grade ≥ 3 AEs without unexpected AEs.ConclusionPD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors‐based combinations are associated with significant improvement in both PFS and OS for treatment‐naïve ES‐SCLC patients. Benmelstobart plus anlotinib with chemotherapy (CT) yielded better survival benefit versus CT alone or other ICIs + CT with caution for more adverse effects along with the addition of an antiangiogenic agent.
Performance of five statistical methods to infer interactions among moving individuals in a predator–prey system
Authors: Fronville Thibault , Blaum Niels , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Schlägel Ulrike , Radchuk Viktoriia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Rapid development of tracking technologies allow the collection of high‐quality data on multiple simultaneously moving individuals. This, in turn, initiated the development of several methods to infer interactions among moving animals. However, the performance of these methods has not been studied systematically, especially with regard to the factors that are highly relevant for field ecologists, such as duration of the tracking period, its temporal resolution and the proportion of the tracked community.

Here, we assessed the performance of three dynamic interaction indices (Coefficient of sociality, Correlation coefficient and Dynamic interaction) and two novel approaches based on step selection functions (SSF‐occurrence‐distribution and SSF‐distance). We tested these methods on the data simulated with a predator–prey system, reflecting three common types of interactions while on the move: avoidance (prey individuals fleeing from the predator), attraction (predator following and chasing prey) and neutral movement (no interactions between predator and prey). We assessed the ability of each method to correctly detect the modelled interaction type by manipulating the perceptual range of the predator, the proportion of tracked prey individuals, the temporal resolution and the duration of the tracking period.

We found that the ability to correctly infer interactions increased for all methods with an increase in the perceptual range of the predator and the proportion of tracked prey individuals. In contrast, the duration of the tracking period affected the methods' performance differently: some methods (Cs and SSF‐distance) were insensitive to it, whereas the performance of other methods improved (DI and SSF‐occurrence‐distribution) and worsened (Cr) with the duration of the tracking period. The three dynamic interaction indices and SSF‐distance were rather robust to changes in data resolution.

Despite using the predator–prey system as our study case, our findings are applicable to other systems in which two animals on move may interact. We formulate guidelines for field ecologists studying animal movement to select the most suitable method depending on the availability of tracking devices, the duration and resolution of the tracking they can afford, as well as perceptual ranges of study species.
Enhanced liver fibrosis score is stable after withdrawal in patients with heavy alcohol consumption: A pilot study
Authors: Lévi‐Strauss Thomas , Gal Jocelyn , Gelsi Eve , Truchi Régine , Ouizeman Dann J. , Hinault Charlotte , Chinetti Giulia , Tran Albert , Gual Philippe , Anty Rodolphe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score is an accurate, noninvasive test for assessing the severity of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease, including alcohol‐related liver disease. However, whether the ELF score changes during alcohol withdrawal is unknown. This pilot study assessed changes in the ELF score during withdrawal in patients with a history of excessive alcohol intake.MethodsIn this prospective study, ELF was performed on day 0 (D0, at the beginning of hospitalization), at day 7 (D7, on discharge from hospital), and at follow‐up visits on days 30 (D30) and 90 (D90). Transient elastography (TE) was also assessed on days 4 (D4) and D30.ResultsThe study included 35 patients (71% male) with a mean alcohol intake of 139 g/day. On D30 and D90, 8 and 13 patients had resumed alcohol consumption (mean intake of 90 and 80 g/day, respectively). In patients who remained abstinent, the mean ELF score was 8.93 on D0, 9.14 on D30 (p = 0.32), and 9.27 on D90 (p = 0.14). In patients who resumed alcohol, mean ELF score was 9.7 on D0, 10.05 on D30 (p = 0.09), and 9.71 on D90 (p = 0.12). ELF score was comparable over the first months after withdrawal, although there was a slight increase in the first week (mean ELF score increased from 9.24 on D0 to 9.74 on D7, p < 0.001). Mean TE value was 7.9 kPa on D4 and 8.1 kPa on D30 (p = 0.84) in patients who resumed alcohol consumption, and 8.3 and 7.5 kPa (p = 0.03) on D4 and D30, respectively, in abstinent patients.ConclusionThe ELF score is stable during the first months after withdrawal and thus appears to be a useful tool to assess liver fibrosis or cirrhosis in this setting. Nevertheless, because in the first week there is a transient increase in ELF score, caution in interpretation is warranted.
Trends in binge drinking in the United States by LGBTQ+ identity, gender, and age, 2014–2022
Authors: McKetta Sarah , Jager Justin , Keyes Katherine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeople who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) have higher rates of risky drinking than their cisgender, heterosexual peers. It is unknown to what extent recent age and gender trends in binge drinking vary by LGBTQ+ identity.MethodsWe used nationally representative, serial, cross‐sectional surveys from men and women in the 2014–2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 2,099,959) to examine trends in past‐month binge drinking by LGBTQ+ identity, gender, and age (18–29, 30–44, 45 and older). We estimated stratum‐specific prevalence ratios for an average 1‐year increase in prevalence of past‐month binge drinking using survey‐weighted log‐binomial models, controlling for education, race/ethnicity, marriage, and parenthood status.ResultsIn the beginning of the study period, LGBTQ+ women endorsed binge drinking at higher prevalences than their cisgender, heterosexual peers (i.e., 2014 predicted probability for women ages 30–44: 0.22 for LGBTQ+, 0.15 for cisgender, heterosexual). LGBTQ+ disparities in women's drinking attenuated over the study period among women in midlife (30–44 age group) due to increases in binge drinking among cisgender, heterosexual women (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.025, 95% CI 1.018–1.033). Among men, we saw no evidence of LGBTQ+ disparities in binge drinking probabilities or in binge drinking trends across all age groups.ConclusionsDisparities in mid‐life binge drinking between LGBTQ+ and cisgender women have begun to diminish. These disparities are closing not because LGBTQ+ women are binge drinking less, but because cisgender, heterosexual women in midlife are binge drinking more.
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) exon 3 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) 2‐repeat allele
Authors: Baum Larry , Lee Chi Chiu , Ye Rui , Zhong Yuanxin , Hung Se Fong , Tang Chun Pan , Ho Ting Pong , Swanson James M , Moyzis Robert K , Sham Pak‐Chung , Leung Patrick Wing‐Leung 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo investigate the association of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with the 48‐base pair (bp) variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in exon 3 of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene, we genotyped 240 ADHD patients and their parents from Hong Kong. The 4R allele was most common, followed by 2R. We examined association between the 2R allele (relative to 4R) and ADHD by Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT). The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) was 0.90 (0.64–1.3). The p‐value was 0.6. Examining subgroups revealed nominally significant association of 2R with inattentive ADHD: OR = 0.33 (0.12–0.92) and p = 0.03. Because our study used TDT analysis, we meta‐analyzed the association of 2R with ADHD in Asians (1329 patient alleles), revealing results similar to ours: OR = 0.97 (0.80–1.2) and p = 0.8. To examine the association of 2R with inattentive ADHD, we meta‐analyzed all studies (regardless of analysis type or ethnicity, in order to increase statistical power): 702 patient alleles, 1420 control alleles, OR = 0.81 (0.57–1.1) and p = 0.2. Overall, there is no evidence of association between ADHD and the 2R allele, but the suggestive association with the inattentive type warrants further investigation.
Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) versus individual drug counseling (IDC) for PTSD for veterans with opioid use disorder maintained on buprenorphine
Authors: Petrakis Ismene L. , Meshberg‐Cohen Sarah , Nich Charla , Kelly Megan M. , Claudio Tracy , Jane Jane Serrita , Pisani Emily , Ralevski Elizabeth 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere are high rates of comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Evidence‐based trauma‐focused psychotherapies such as Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) are a first‐line treatment for PTSD. Veterans with OUD are treated primarily in substance use disorder (SUD) clinics where the standard of care is drug counseling; they often do not have access to first‐line PTSD treatments. This study tested whether CPT can be conducted safely and effectively in veterans with comorbid OUD treated with buprenorphine.MethodsThis 12‐week, 2‐site, randomized clinical trial (RCT) included open‐label randomization to two groups: (a) CPT versus (b) Individual Drug Counselling (IDC) in veterans with PTSD and comorbid OUD who were maintained on buprenorphine (N = 38).ResultsVeterans randomized to either IDC (n = 18) or CPT (n = 20) showed a significant reduction in self‐reported PTSD symptoms over time as measured by the PTSD checklist (PCL‐5) but there were no treatment group differences; there was some indication that reduction in PTSD symptoms in the CPT group were sustained in contrast to the IDC group. Recruitment was significantly impacted by COVID‐19 pandemic, so this study serves as a proof‐of‐concept pilot study.Discussion and ConclusionsVeterans with OUD and PTSD can safely and effectively participate in evidence‐based therapy for PTSD; further work should confirm that trauma‐focused treatment may be more effective in leading to sustained remission of PTSD symptoms than drug counseling.Scientific SignificanceThis is the first study to evaluate CPT for PTSD in the context of buprenorphine treatment for OUD.
Resection of a retroperitoneal lumbar vein aneurysm: A case report
Authors: Murakami Hisashi , Okubo Satoshi , Kami Shota , Kobayashi Masahiro , Matsumura Masaru , Shindoh Junichi , Hashimoto Masaji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present a rare case involving a 54‐year‐old man with a history of pancreatitis who developed a retroperitoneal lumbar vein aneurysm that was initially misidentified as a pancreatic pseudocyst. Subsequent imaging revealed an enlarged mass and retroperitoneal perforation. Despite initial hesitation, the patient eventually underwent radical surgery that enabled the successful removal of the mass, which was near the inferior vena cava. Pathological examination confirmed varicose veins, and the final diagnosis was lumbar vein aneurysm in the retroperitoneum. The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no symptoms or recurrence observed on 6‐month follow‐up imaging. We investigated a potential link between pancreatitis and recurrent bleeding due to weakened venous walls. The findings from this case underscore the rarity of venous aneurysms and the diagnostic and treatment challenges due to the limited number of cases; furthermore, they emphasize that surgery should be carefully considered based on the lesion location and associated risks.
Settling beyond big cities: A scoping review of the Canadian literature on immigration to rural and smaller communities
Authors: Haugen Stacey , McNally Rachel , Hallström Lars K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNewcomers are living and working across rural and smaller communities in Canada. However, immigration research and policy are overwhelmingly focused on large, urban centres. Responding to this knowledge gap, this article presents the results from a scoping review of the Canadian literature on immigration outside of Canada's largest cities. An analysis of 90 studies reveals several key trends in the literature related to the geographic focus and themes addressed. The results of the review demonstrate that the majority of studies focus on regions with a high population density that are in close proximity to major urban centres, thus revealing a gap in knowledge regarding settlement across more rural and northern parts of the country. Issues related to settlement services, employment opportunities, welcoming communities, public policy, infrastructure, and retention and secondary migration were the most addressed themes across the literature and represent the diversity of rural Canada. In response to these findings, we conclude with a discussion of the potential opportunities for future research and policy change.
1078. Solidago nemoralis Aiton: Compositae
Authors: Hind Nicholas , Lambkin Deborah 
Published: April 2024

SummarySolidago nemoralisAiton (Compositae: Astereae: Solidagininae) is illustrated and described, and its extensive synonymy provided (covering both proposed subspecies), together with full type citations and location of known types and relevant commentary. The position of the somewhat daunting genusSolidagoL., and its position within the tribe Astereae is discussed.Solidago nemoralisis placed with a small cluster of species (with justS. decemfloraandS. nana) in its own subgenus and subsection,Solidagosubgen.Nemorales(Mack.) Semple & J. B. Beck subsect.Nemorales(Mack.) G. L. Nesom. Cultivation, propagation, pests and diseases and availability ofS. nemoralisare commented on. Differences betweenS. nemoralis, a predominantly diploid species with a few tetraploid populations, andS. decemflora, a tetraploid species throughout its range, are noted, and the two maintained as distinct species.
Novel cutting edge nano‐strategies to address old long‐standing complications in cardiovascular diseases. A comprehensive review
Authors: Tesoro Laura , Hernandez Ignacio , Saura Marta , Badimón Lina , Zaragoza Carlos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVD) impact a substantial portion of the global population and represent a significant threat to experiencing life‐threatening outcomes, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. Despite remarkable progress in pharmacology and medical interventions, CVD persists as a major public health concern, and now ranks as the primary global cause of death and the highest consumer of global budgets. Ongoing research endeavours persist in seeking novel therapeutic avenues and interventions to deepen our understanding of CVD, enhance prevention measures, and refine treatment strategies.MethodsNanotechnology applied to the development of new molecular probes with diagnostic and theranostic properties represents one of the greatest technological challenges in preclinical and clinical research.ResultsThe application of nanotechnology in cardiovascular medicine holds great promise for advancing our understanding of CVDs and revolutionizing their diagnosis and treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes. In addition, the capacity of drug encapsulation in nanoparticles has significantly bolstered their biological safety, bioavailability and solubility. In combination with imaging technologies, molecular imaging has emerged as a pivotal therapeutic tool, offering insight into the molecular events underlying disease and facilitating targeted treatment approaches.ConclusionHere, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in targeted nanoparticle approaches for diagnosing CVDs, encompassing molecular imaging techniques, underscoring the significant progress in theranostic, as a novel and promising therapeutic strategy.
Integrating smartwatches in community mental health services for severe mental illness for detecting relapse and informing future intervention: A case series
Authors: Johnston David , Foord Rachael , Casties Achim , Viaphay Nola , Tohamy Ahmed , Van Leeuwen Naomi , Sinclair Jodie , Talbot Daniel , Harris Anthony 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis case series explored the integration of smartwatches in a community mental health service to support severe mental illness (SMI) management and intervention. We examined whether biometric data provided by smartwatches could help to predict relapse and inform treatment decisions.MethodFour Australian SMI outpatients of mixed diagnoses (age range = 19–24) were selected from a prior study. Clinicians accessed patients' biometric data (activity, sleep, heart rate, and electrodermal activity) through smartwatches.ResultsChanges in circadian rhythm and electrodermal activity preceded hospitalization in two cases. Additionally, smartwatch data was effectively used to guide targeted interventions, improving patient treatment outcomes.ConclusionIntegrating smartwatches in community mental health services offers promise as adjunct tools for SMI management. However, ethical considerations on data privacy and technology reliance require further evaluation. Additionally, as this is a small case series, randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are required to provide evidence for generalisability of results.
Crop sequence intensification: Meta‐analysis of soil organic carbon and aggregate stability in Argentina
Authors: Giustiniani Emilia , Behrends Kraemer Filipe , Garibaldi Lucas A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntensification of crop sequence (ICS) has been proposed as a key field practice to preserve soil health and achieve more sustainable agricultural systems. However, the effects of ICS are site‐specific and vary according to soil characteristics, climatic conditions, the duration of the crop sequencing and the types of crop involved. Soil aggregate stability (AS) and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock are useful indicators of soil health as they are closely linked to diverse soil services and functions and are sensitive to management practices. We performed a meta‐analysis of 33 studies to analyse the impact of ICS on SOC stock and AS in field experiments in the central‐eastern region of Argentina. Our results showed that ICS increased SOC stock and AS, with an overall mean change of 7% and 22%, respectively. Fine‐textured soils showed the greatest SOC stock increase (12%), comparable to the increase observed in coarse‐textured soils (11%); in medium‐textured soils this increase was less than half (5%). Coarse‐textured soils had the greatest increase in AS (32%), followed by medium‐textured and fine‐textured soils, which also showed notable improvements (25% and 19%, respectively). Greater diversity of crops resulted in larger increases in both AS and SOC. ICS generated a larger increase of SOC stock in the soil surface (0–10 cm) than in the subsurface (10–20 cm), whereas the opposite was found for AS. Long‐term studies (≥9 years) had the greatest effect on AS and SOC stock. Regression analysis revealed that the initial carbon stock influenced SOC stock results following ICS, increases being greater when initial carbon stock contents were smaller. Introducing gramineous species into the crop sequence was associated with a greater improvement of AS and SOC stock. Finally, the mean rate of carbon sequestration from ICS in all the studies amounted to 0.28 Mg ha−1 yr−1. Overall, ICS is a useful strategy for improving SOC storage and AS in this region, though results may vary according to soil characteristics and management practices.
‘Dust you shall eat’: The complex nutritional and functional considerations underlying a simple diet
Authors: Zaguri Moshe , Mogilevsky Irit , Raubenheimer David , Hawlena Dror 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnimals assimilate macronutrients and mineral nutrients in specific quantities and ratios to maximise fitness. To achieve this, animals must ingest different foods that contain the needed nutrients or facilitate the digestion of those nutrients. We explored how these multidimensional considerations affect the desert isopods (Hemilepistus reaumuri) curious food selection, using field and laboratory experiments. Wild isopods consumed three‐fold more macronutrient‐poor biological soil crust (BSC) than plant litter. Isopods tightly regulated macronutrient and calcium intake, but not phosphorus when eating the two natural foods and when artificial calcium and phosphorus sources substituted the BSC. Despite the equivalent calcium ingestion, isopods performed better when eating BSC compared to artificial foods. Isopods that consumed BSC sterilised by gamma‐radiation ate more but grew slower than isopods that ate live BSC, implying that ingested microorganisms facilitate litter digestion. Our work highlights the need to reveal the multifaceted considerations that affect food‐selection when exploring trophic‐interactions.
Catching up with the core or the Red Queen phenomenon? Publication strategies of top local government scholars in the context of centrality, institutional reforms and career length
Authors: Aksztejn Wirginia , Dąbrowska Anna , Swianiewicz Paweł 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates publication strategies of the most distinguished local government researchers in eight European countries. Drawing upon dependency theory, accumulative advantage theory and ‘utility maximizing’ theory, we compare publication strategies of scholars from countries that vary in terms of the distance from the core of academic knowledge production, also taking into consideration their career length (academic age). The two publication strategies compared are international visibility and domestic visibility. The analysis confirmed the hypothesis that younger scholars are more prone to adopt internationalization strategy which has been institutionally incentivized by NPM reforms. However, the difference among core, catching‐up and peripheral countries is not as sizeable as expected.