bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain induced by a single simulated office‐work session: Time course and association with muscle blood flux and muscle activity
Authors: Strøm Vegard , Knardahl Stein , Stanghelle Johan K. , Røe Cecilie 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to assess the development of pain during computer work with high precision demand and time pressure, and the association between pain and muscle blood fluxes and muscle activity. Twenty‐eight healthy subjects (range 22–44 years) performed a 90‐min standardized task of correcting a text on a word‐processor. Monetary reward was given according to productivity in order to induce time pressure. Pain intensity, general tension, and eye strain were reported on visual analogue scales before, during and after the computer session. Intramuscular trapezius blood fluxes were recorded by laser‐Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and analyzed as % of baseline level. Muscle activity was measured from the upper trapezius and forearm extensors by surface electromyography (EMG), analyzed as % of a maximal calibration contraction, %EMGmax. Pain, tension, and eye strain increased considerably during the computer session with different time course for pain and tension. The LDF of the active side of trapezius was elevated for 30min followed by a falling trend. There was an initial short‐lasting increase in the inactive trapezius. The upper trapezius EMG was low (<3 % of EMGmax) but increased during the work, similar in both the active and passive side. There was a significant time and blood flux interaction effect on pain in the shoulders/neck, but no association with EMG. In conclusion, considerable neck/shoulder pain may develop in healthy pain‐free subjects during 90min of office‐work and seems to be related to the regulation of trapezius muscle blood flow.
Palaeomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data bearing on the emplacement of the Western Granite, Isle of Rum, NW Scotland
Authors: PETRONIS M. S. , O'DRISCOLL B. , TROLL V. R. , EMELEUS C. H. , GEISSMAN J. W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe Western Granite is the largest of several granitic bodies around the margin of the Rum Central Igneous Complex. We report palaeomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data that bear on the emplacement and deformation of the Western Granite. The collection includes samples from 27 sites throughout the Western Granite, five sites in adjacent feldspathic peridotite, and two sites in intermediate to mafic hybrid contact aureole rocks. Palaeomagnetic data from 22 of the 27 sites in the granite provide an in situ group mean D = 213.2°, I = −69.5°, α95 = 5.5° that is discordant to an early Paleocene reverse polarity expected field (about 184°, −66°, α95 = 4.3°). The discrepancy is eliminated by removing an inferred 15° of northwest-side-down tilting about a best fit horizontal tilt axis trending 040°. Data from the younger peridotite and hybrid rocks of the Rum Layered Suite provide an in situ group mean of D = 182.6°, I = −64.8°, α95 = 4.0°, which is statistically indistinguishable from an early Paleocene expected field, and imply no post-emplacement tilting of these rocks since remanence acquisition. The inferred tilt recorded in the Western Granite, which did not affect the younger Layered Suite, suggests that emplacement of the ultrabasic rocks resulted in roof uplift and associated tilt of the Western Granite to make space for mafic magma emplacement. Magnetic fabric magnitude and susceptibility parameters yield two subtle groupings in the Western Granite AMS data set. Group 1 data, defined by rocks from exposures to the east and south, have comparatively high bulk susceptibilities (Kmean, 29.51 × 10−3 in SI system), stronger anisotropies (Pj, 1.031) and oblate susceptibility ellipsoids. Group 2 data, from rocks in the west part of the pluton, have lower values of Kmean (15.89 × 10−3 SI) and Pj (1.014), and triaxial susceptibility ellipsoids. Magnetic lineations argue for emplacement of the granite as a tabular sheet from the south–southeast toward the north and west. Moderate to steeply outward-dipping magnetic foliations, together with deflection of the country rock bedding in the north, are consistent with doming accompanying magma emplacement.
Multi-dimensional instability of dust-ion-acoustic solitary waves in a multi-ion dusty plasma
Authors: ANOWAR M. G. M. , MAMUN A. A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe basic features of obliquely propagating dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) solitary waves, and their multi-dimensional instability in a magnetized multi-ion dusty plasma containing hot adiabatic inertia-less electrons, cold positive and negative ions, and negatively charged static dust have been theoretically investigated by the reductive perturbation method, and the small-k perturbation expansion technique. The combined effects of electron adiabaticity, external magnetic field (obliqueness), and negative ions, which are found to significantly modify the basic properties (speed, amplitude, width, and instability) of small but finite-amplitude DIA solitary waves, are explicitly examined. It is also found that the instability criterion and the growth rate are significantly modified by the external magnetic field, the propagation directions of both the nonlinear waves and their perturbation modes, and the presence of negative ions. The implications of our results in space and laboratory dusty plasmas are briefly discussed.
Hallucinations and two types of free-recall intrusion in schizophrenia
Authors: Brébion G. , David A. S. , Bressan R. A. , Ohlsen R. I. , Pilowsky L. S. 
Published: December 2008

BackgroundPrevious research has demonstrated that various types of verbal source memory error are associated with positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Notably, intrusions in free recall have been associated with hallucinations and delusions. We tested the hypothesis that extra-list intrusions, assumed to arise from poor monitoring of internally generated words, are associated with verbal hallucinations and that intra-list intrusions are associated with global hallucination scores.MethodA sample of 41 patients with schizophrenia was administered four lists of words, followed by free recall. The number of correctly recalled words and the number of extra- and intra-list intrusions were tallied.ResultsThe verbal hallucination score was significantly correlated with the number of extra-list intrusions, whereas it was unrelated to the number of correctly recalled words. The number of intra-list intrusions was significantly correlated with the global, but not with the verbal, hallucination score in the subsample of hallucinating patients. It was marginally significantly correlated with the delusion score in delusional patients.ConclusionsThe data corroborate the view that verbal hallucinations are linked to defective monitoring of internal speech, and that errors in context processing are involved in hallucinations and delusions.
Finger counting: The missing tool?
Authors: Andres Michael , Di Luca Samuel , Pesenti Mauro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRips et al. claim that the principles underlying the structure of natural numbers cannot be inferred from interactions with the physical world. However, in their target article they failed to consider an important source of interaction: finger counting. Here, we show that finger counting satisfies all the conditions required for allowing the concept of numbers to emerge from sensorimotor experience through a bottom-up process.
What is still needed? On nativist proposals for acquiring concepts of natural numbers
Authors: Chiang Wen-Chi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRips et al.'s analyses have boosted the plausibility of proposals that the human mind embodies some critical properties of natural numbers. I suggest that such proposals can be further evaluated by infant studies, neuropsychological data, and evolution-based considerations, and additionally, that Rips et al.'s model may need to be modified in order to more completely reflect infants' quantitative abilities.
Counting and arithmetic principles first
Authors: Gelman Rochel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe meaning and function of counting are subservient to the arithmetic principles of ordering, addition, and subtraction for positive cardinal values. Beginning language learners can take advantage of their nonverbal knowledge of counting and arithmetic principles to acquire sufficient knowledge of their initial verbal instantiations and move onto a relevant learning path to assimilate input for more advanced, abstract understandings.
Set representations required for the acquisition of the “natural number” concept
Authors: Halberda Justin , Feigenson Lisa 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRips et al. consider whether representations of individual objects or analog magnitudes are building blocks for the concept natural number. We argue for a third core capacity – the ability to bind representations of individuals into sets. However, even with this addition to the list of starting materials, we agree that a significant acquisition story is needed to capture natural number.
Specific and general underpinnings to number; parallel development
Authors: Martins-Mourao Antonio , Karmiloff-Smith Annette 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this commentary, we outline an epistemological continuum between earlier and later number concepts, showing how empirical findings support the view that specific and general underpinnings to number develop in parallel in children; and we raise the question, based on cross-syndrome comparisons in infancy, as to whether exact or approximate number abilities underlie these later skills.
Mathematical induction and its formation during childhood
Authors: Smith Leslie 
Published: December 2008

AbstractI support Rips et al.'s critique of psychology through (1) a complementary argument about the normative, modal, constitutive nature of mathematical principles. I add two reservations about their analysis of mathematical induction, arguing (2) for constructivism against their logicism as to its interpretation and formation in childhood (Smith 2002), and (3) for Piaget's account of reasons in rule learning.
Précis ofSemantic Cognition: A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach
Authors: Rogers Timothy T. , McClelland James L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this précis of our recent book,Semantic Cognition: A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach(Rogers & McClelland 2004), we present a parallel distributed processing theory of the acquisition, representation, and use of human semantic knowledge. The theory proposes that semantic abilities arise from the flow of activation among simple, neuron-like processing units, as governed by the strengths of interconnecting weights; and that acquisition of new semantic information involves the gradual adjustment of weights in the system in response to experience. These simple ideas explain a wide range of empirical phenomena from studies of categorization, lexical acquisition, and disordered semantic cognition. In this précis we focus on phenomena central to the reaction against similarity-based theories that arose in the 1980s and that subsequently motivated the “theory-theory” approach to semantic knowledge. Specifically, we consider (1) how concepts differentiate in early development, (2) why some groupings of items seem to form “good” or coherent categories while others do not, (3) why different properties seem central or important to different concepts, (4) why children and adults sometimes attest to beliefs that seem to contradict their direct experience, (5) how concepts reorganize between the ages of 4 and 10, and (6) the relationship between causal knowledge and semantic knowledge. The explanations our theory offers for these phenomena are illustrated with reference to a simple feed-forward connectionist model. The relationships between this simple model, the broader theory, and more general issues in cognitive science are discussed.
Inductive reasoning and semantic cognition: More than just different names for the same thing?
Authors: Feeney Aidan , Crisp Aimee K. , Wilburn Catherine J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe describe evidence that certain inductive phenomena are associated with IQ, that different inductive phenomena emerge at different ages, and that the effects of causal knowledge on induction are decreased under conditions of memory load. On the basis of this evidence we argue that there is more to inductive reasoning than semantic cognition.
Analogy and conceptual change in childhood
Authors: Opfer John E. , Doumas Leonidas A. A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAnalogical inferences are an important consequence of the way semantic knowledge is represented, that is, with relations as explicit structures that can take arguments. We review evidence that this feature of semantic cognition successfully predicts how quickly and broadly children's concepts change with experience and show that Rogers & McClelland's (R&M's) parallel distributed processing (PDP) model fails to simulate these cognitive changes due to its handling of relational information.
Bathymetric constraints on the tectonic and volcanic evolution of Deception Island Volcano, South Shetland Islands
Authors: Barclay A.H. , Wilcock W.S.D. , Ibáñez J.M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDeception Island is the largest volcano in the actively extending Bransfield Basin, a marginal basin situated behind the extinct South Shetland Islands arc. Deception Island has been well studied but its submerged flanks have not. A multibeam bathymetry survey was conducted around the island in 2005. Data from the flooded caldera show no evidence for recent localized resurgence. The gently-sloped bottom of the caldera basin is consistent with either a broad zone of resurgence on its east side associated with trap door deformation or with higher rates of sediment supply from the east side of the island. Around the island, numerous tectonic and volcanic features on the volcano's east and west flanks are nearly all aligned with the regional strike (~060°) of the Bransfield rift and there is very little evidence for the other fault populations that have been identified on the island. We infer that models that link the ongoing tectonic development of Deception Island to complex regional tectonics are less likely than models in which the dominant regional extension in Bransfield Strait is modulated by the local effects of caldera collapse and possibly a small right-lateral transfer zone offsetting the primary extension axes in the Central and Western Bransfield Basins.
Detection of inteins among diverse DNA polymerase genes of uncultivated members of the Phycodnaviridae
Authors: Culley Alexander I , Asuncion Brenda F , Steward Grieg F 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Viruses in the family Phycodnaviridae infect autotrophic protists in aquatic environments. Application of a PCR assay targeting the DNA polymerase of viruses in this family has revealed that phycodnaviruses are quite diverse and appear to be widespread, but a limited number of environments have been examined so far. In this study, we examined the sequence diversity among viral DNA pol genes amplified by PCR from subtropical coastal waters of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. A total of 18 novel prasinovirus-like sequences were detected along with two other divergent sequences that differ at the genus-level relative to other sequences in the family. Of the 20 new sequence types reported here, three were serendipitously found to contain protein introns, or inteins. Sequence analysis of the inteins suggested that all three have self-splicing domains and are apparently capable of removing themselves from the translated polymerase protein. Two of the three also appear to be ‘active’, meaning they encode all the motifs necessary for a complete dodecapeptide homing endonuclease, and are therefore capable of horizontal transfer. A subsequent PCR survey of our samples with intein-specific primers suggested that intein-containing phycodnaviruses are common in this environment. A search for similar sequences in metagenomic data sets from other oceans indicated that viral inteins are also widespread, but how these genetic parasites might be influencing the ecology and evolution of phycodnaviruses remains unclear.
A global assessment of deep-sea basalt sites for carbon sequestration
Authors: Goldberg David , Slagle Angela 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn recent years, the debate over the most effective means to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere has endorsed multiple approaches and a variety of technologies. Assuring secure storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide is one of our most pressing global scientific challenges that may contribute to achieving a stable solution over the next several decades. Geological sequestration by injection into deep-sea basalt formations provides unique and significant advantages over other potential storage options, including: (a) vast reservoir capacities with high porosity and permeability, sufficient to accommodate centuries-long U.S. production of fossil fuel CO~2~ at locations within a few hundreds of kilometers of populated areas; (b) chemical reactivity of CO~2~ with basalt and in situ fluids to produce stable, non-toxic carbonates; and (c) significant risk reduction for post-injection leakage by geological, gravitational, and mineral trapping mechanisms. We compare independent trapping mechanisms available in deep-sea basalts to those in saline aquifers, which have also been proposed as potential storage environments for anthropogenic carbon dioxide. We suggest that deep-sea basalts offer significant advantages over saline aquifers, in terms of reduced risk of post-injection leakage and storage capacity. Using a global site assessment strategy to highlight the most secure oceanic basalt sites that provide all trapping mechanisms, we initially identify potential target regions that occur in deep-sea basalt and calculate the potential injection volume for each. The largest volumes and most secure basalt sites occur in regions adjacent to intermediate- to fast-spreading seismic ridges as well as deep aseismic ridges. We then use site-specific criteria, such as abundance of ODP and IODP drill sites with basement penetration, permeability and/or porosity data, to refine volume calculations and to prioritize these target regions as promising locations to securely accommodate carbon dioxide injection. Pilot injection studies in deep-sea basalts are necessary to establish the viability of these reservoirs for future CO~2~ sequestration. We suggest that basaltic crust at deep ocean sites offers vast capacity and potential for permanent sequestration of carbon dioxide to mitigate atmospheric build-up of this greenhouse gas.
Membrane remodelling during vaccinia virus morphogenesis
Authors: Chichón Francisco Javier , Rodríguez María Josefa , Risco Cristina , Fraile‐Ramos Alberto , Fernández José Jesús , Esteban Mariano , Carrascosa José L. 
Published: December 2008

Background information. VACV (vaccinia virus) is one of the most complex viruses, with a size exceeding 300 nm and more than 100 structural proteins. Its assembly involves sequential interactions and important rearrangements of its structural components.Results. We have used electron tomography of sections of VACV‐infected cells to follow, in three dimensions, the remodelling of the membrane components of the virus during envelope maturation. The tomograms obtained suggest that a number of independent ‘crescents’ interact with each other to enclose the volume of an incomplete ellipsoid in the viral factory area, attaining the overall shape and size characteristic of the first immature form of the virus [IV (immature virus)]. The incorporation of the DNA into these forms leads to particles with a nucleoid [IVN (IV with nucleoid)] that results in local disorganization of the envelope in regions near the condensed DNA. These particles suffer the progressive disappearance of the membrane outer spikes with a change in the shape of the membrane, becoming locally curled. The transformation of the IVN into the mature virus involves an extreme rearrangement of the particle envelope, which becomes fragmented and undulated. During this process, we also observed connections between the outer membranes with internal ones, suggesting that the latter originate from internalization of the IV envelope.Conclusions. The main features observed for VACV membrane maturation during morphogenesis resemble the breakdown and reassembly of cellular endomembranes.
Detecting glycan cancer biomarkers in serum samples using MALDI FT-ICR mass spectrometry data
Authors: Barkauskas Donald A. , An Hyun Joo , Kronewitter Scott R. , de Leoz Maria Lorna , Chew Helen K. , de Vere White Ralph W. , Leiserowitz Gary S. , Miyamoto Suzanne , Lebrilla Carlito B. , Rocke David M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMotivation: The development of better tests to detect cancer in its earliest stages is one of the most sought-after goals in medicine. Especially important are minimally invasive tests that require only blood or urine samples. By profiling oligosaccharides cleaved from glycosylated proteins shed by tumor cells into the blood stream, we hope to determine glycan profiles that will help identify cancer patients using a simple blood test. The data in this article were generated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI FT-ICR MS). We have developed novel methods for analyzing this type of mass spectrometry data and applied it to eight datasets from three different types of cancer (breast, ovarian and prostate).Results: The techniques we have developed appear to be effective in the analysis of MALDI FT-ICR MS data. We found significant differences between control and cancer groups in all eight datasets, including two structurally related compounds that were found to be significantly different between control and cancer groups in all three types of cancer studied.Availability: The software used to perform the analysis described in this article is available in the form of an R package called fticrms, version 0.6, either from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (http://www.r-project.org/) or from the first author.Contact: barkda@wald.ucdavis.edu
Matrix correlations for high-dimensional data: the modified RV-coefficient
Authors: Smilde A. K. , Kiers H. A. L. , Bijlsma S. , Rubingh C. M. , van Erk M. J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Modern functional genomics generates high-dimensional datasets. It is often convenient to have a single simple number characterizing the relationship between pairs of such high-dimensional datasets in a comprehensive way. Matrix correlations are such numbers and are appealing since they can be interpreted in the same way as Pearson's correlations familiar to biologists. The high-dimensionality of functional genomics data is, however, problematic for existing matrix correlations. The motivation of this article is 2-fold: (i) we introduce the idea of matrix correlations to the bioinformatics community and (ii) we give an improvement of the most promising matrix correlation coefficient (the RV-coefficient) circumventing the problems of high-dimensional data.
Results: The modified RV-coefficient can be used in high-dimensional data analysis studies as an easy measure of common information of two datasets. This is shown by theoretical arguments, simulations and applications to two real-life examples from functional genomics, i.e. a transcriptomics and metabolomics example.
Availability: The Matlab m-files of the methods presented can be downloaded from http://www.bdagroup.nl.
Contact: a.k.smilde@uva.nl