bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Antiretroviral Treatment Interruptions among Adult HIV Patients on antiretroviral therapy in Woliso Town Health Facilities, Woliso, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Bekele Zewde Bekele , Wanjo Meseret Ifa , Kolola Tufa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Close observation is essential for long-lasting viral suppression and effective treatment outcomes in HIV patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, many HIV patients find it difficult to continue receiving antiretroviral therapy, and stopping ART continues to impede the development of HIV programmes aimed at containing the HIV epidemic.
Objective
The objective of the study aimed to assess the determinants of antiretroviral therapy interruptions among adult HIV patients receiving ART in Woliso Health Facilities, Woliso, Oromia, Ethiopia, in 2022.
Methods
With 164 cases and 164 controls, a facility-based unmatched case-control study was carried out. The study participants were chosen using a simple random sampling method. Data extraction forms were used to gather the data. Epi Info version 7 was used to input the data, while SPSS version 20 was used for analysis. The data were summarised using descriptive statistics. Variables having a P-value 0.25 were added to the multiple binary logistic regression model after performing binary logistic regression analysis. Using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI), the relationship between the dependent and independent variables was evaluated. A P-value of 0.05 was used to denote a significant relationship.
Results
107 (66.88%) cases and 103 (62.8%) controls out of the total study participants were female. The mean ages of the cases and controls were, respectively, 36.95 (10.7 SD) and 39.4 (10 SD) years. Not disclosing their HIV status (AOR 3.04, 95% CI: 1.65, 5.59), not following a monthly ART dispensing model (AOR 4.44, 95% CI: 2.40, 8.20), being a farmer (AOR 3.71, 95% CI: 1.36, 10.13), not being assessed for drug side effects (AOR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.23, 4.15), and not being able to read or write were found to be important predictors of interrupting antiretroviral therapy (AOR 4.28, 95% CI: 1.77, 10.33).
Conclusion and recommendation
In this study, not having a formal job, being a farmer, HIV status non-disclosure, following the monthly based ART dispensing model, not having a registered viral load, being unable to read and write, and not being assessed for drug side effects were found to be determinant factors of antiretroviral treatment interruption. Therefore, health facilities, district health departments, and zonal health offices should work to improve HIV clinical care and treatment.
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) performance of Tin Oxide thin films deposited by dip coating and doctor blade technique
Authors: Ramanathan G. , N Srinivasan , Murali K. R. , Sivakumar Sakthiya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In this work, we investigate two different approaches to the determination of tin oxide material's DSSC efficiency. Tin oxide thin-film coating is the first, and sol gel acrylamide (from gel precipitation) is the method used to create tin oxide nanopowder. The properties of tin oxide films and tin oxide powder (electrical, optical and structural) were investigated. Tin oxide films were sensitized in ruthenium (II) (R535, N3-dye, Solaronix) bis (2,2-bipyridyl-4-4-di-carboxylate) dye solution for 12 hours at room temperature. The counter electrode was an FTO substrate coated with carbon paste. To build the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), the carbon counter electrode was clamped against the dye-sensitized tin oxide photoelectrode. The electrolyte (0.5M KI, 0.05M I2, 0.05M 4-tert-butylpridine) was filled capillary force then poured into the inter-electrode gap. The area of the active cell was 0.25 cm2. The cell was exposed to radiation using a 250 W Xenon lamp fitted with an infrared and ultraviolet blocking filter. The average grain size in this work was 20 nm, which results in a conversion efficiency of 1.375%. At 100 mW/cm2, the stimulated incident light causes an open circuit voltage and short circuit current density of 0.475 V and 3.0 mA cm− 2. An alternative process involves depositing films on FTO substrates (5 ohms/sq) using tin oxide nanopowder coated by doctor blade technique, using SnO2 powder that is produced via the sol gel acrylamide procedure. It is feasible to produce films with varying grain sizes using this method. The experimental findings show that, in comparison to alternative deposition techniques, the doctor blade technique yielded SnO2 films suitable for use as a photoelectrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). With an average grain size of 120 nm and a conversion efficiency of 3.84%, the best device found in this work has an 0.75 V (Voc) and 8.0 mA cm− 2 (Jsc) respectively at 100 mW/cm2 of simulated incident light. This result is comparable with earlier report on undoped tin oxide based DSSC.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging Data Analysis with ShinyCardinal
Authors: Dong Yonghui , Heinig Uwe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Given the rapid growth and improvement in both mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques and its applications, there is a critical need for the development of efficient and comprehensive computational tools for MSI data analysis. As such, we introduce ShinyCardinal, an open-source and vendor-neutral software that covers all step in MSI data analysis. It leverages the R package Cardinal to enhance its functionalities by introducing several additional important features, such as removal of background noises and matrix peaks, deisotoping, absolute quantification, network analysis, and metabolite identification. ShinyCardinal is built as a desktop application (https://shinycardinal.sourceforge.io) with a conveniently designed graphic user interface to provide users a stable, consistent, and user-friendly data analysis framework. The versatility and capabilities of ShinyCardinal is demonstrated with nine MSI datasets acquired from different platforms.
Assessment of the impact of socio-economic policies on groundwater consumption using a multi-agent-based modeling approach
Authors: Aghazadeh Reza , Shourian Mojtaba , Javan Salehi Maryam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This study examines sustainable water management in the Eshtehard plain, Iran, addressing the impact of inappropriate groundwater use and the resulting decrease in groundwater levels. Using agent-based modeling, it evaluates stakeholder interactions to enhance groundwater management. This framework simulates farmers’ responses to changing water resources, considering agricultural demand and socio-economic factors. The study assesses the influence of governmental policies on farmers’ decisions across five scenarios, finding that implementing specific policies can reduce groundwater extraction and improve the hydrological–social situation, provided the government has necessary funding. The findings offer valuable insights for future planning, policy-making, and assessing the impact of management scenarios on water resources and farmers’ economic status. The proposed framework serves as a tool to support stakeholders in making informed decisions for sustainable groundwater management.
Enhancing solids deposit prediction in gully pots with explainable hybrid models: A review
Authors: Ekechukwu Chinedu , Chatzirodou Antonia , Beaumont Hazel , Eyo Eyo , Staddon Chad 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Urban flooding has made it necessary to gain a better understanding of how well gully pots perform when overwhelmed by solids deposition due to various climatic and anthropogenic variables. This study investigates solids deposition in gully pots through the review of eight models, comprising four deterministic models, two hybrid models, a statistical model, and a conceptual model, representing a wide spectrum of solid depositional processes. Traditional models understand and manage the impact of climatic and anthropogenic variables on solid deposition but they are prone to uncertainties due to inadequate handling of complex and non-linear variables, restricted applicability, inflexibility and data bias. Hybrid models which integrate traditional models with data-driven approaches have proved to improve predictions and guarantee the development of uncertainty-proof models. Despite their effectiveness, hybrid models lack explainability. Hence, this study presents the significance of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) tools in addressing the challenges associated with hybrid models. Finally, crossovers between various models and a representative workflow for the approach to solids deposition modelling in gully pots is suggested. The paper concludes that the application of explainable hybrid modeling can serve as a valuable tool for gully pot management as it can address key limitations present in existing models.
Lower Melatonin Indicates Poor Short-term Prognosis in Patients with
Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sun Qian , Chen Sheng-nan , Yu Si-yuan , Wang Fen , Fu Xiang , Chen Rui , Li Jie 
Published: March 2024

Aims:
We evaluated endogenous melatonin levels in the acute phase of cerebral infarction
and explored the impact of possible changes in melatonin levels on the prognosis of patients.

Methods:
This study recruited acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients from the Department of the
Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between December 2019 and June 2021,
along with healthy control subjects. Salivary melatonin samples were collected from each participant
between 7 pm and 10 pm, and fasting plasma was collected the following morning to
measure the levels of inflammatory markers. The prognosis was assessed through follow-up
three months after discharge. The relationship between melatonin levels and plasma inflammatory
markers was assessed, followed by an analysis of the effect of melatonin levels on patient
prognosis.

Results:
The study enrolled a total of 160 participants, including 120 AIS patients aged 50 years
or older (61.7% male) and 40 age-matched controls (55.0% male). The AIS group exhibited
lower salivary melatonin levels at 19 (P = 0.002), 20 (P < 0.001), 21 (P < 0.001), and 22 (P <
0.001) o’clock, and the average melatonin level was also lower (P < 0.001). Logistic regression
analysis models indicated an association between low melatonin levels and poor prognosis. Salivary
melatonin levels demonstrated good predictive ability for the prognosis of AIS patients.

Conclusion:
Melatonin levels were lower in AIS patients compared to controls. In addition,
lower melatonin levels were associated with a poorer prognosis among AIS patients.
Evaluation of the Atherogenic Effect of Covid-19 Pneumonia on Coronary and
Carotid Arteries in Patients who Recovered from the Disease
Authors: Sağlık Semih , Nas Necip 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Acute inflammation induced by COVID-19 may lead to atherosclerotic plaque development or complicate existing plaque. In this study, we aimed
to determine the atherogenic effect of COVID-19 pneumonia, confirmed by thoracic computed tomography, on coronary and carotid arteries in
patients who recovered from the disease.

Methods:
Our study included patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in our hospital at least 1 year ago, recovered, and then underwent coronary CT
angiography with suspected coronary artery disease. The aim was to evaluate the burden of atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries of these
patients who underwent coronary CT angiography.

Results:
Patients were assigned to 3 groups according to the results of the CT scan. Group 1 included patients in the control group with no history of
COVID-19 (n=36), group 2 included those with mild to moderate pneumonia symptoms (n=43), and group 3 included those with severe
pneumonia symptoms (n=29). The calcium scores were 23.25±36.8 in group 1, 27.65±33.4 in group 2, and 53.58±55.1 in group 3. The calcium
score was found to be significantly higher in group 3 patients with severe pneumonia (group 1-2 p=0.885, group 1-3 p<0.05, group 2-3 p<0.05).

Conclusion:
Although there is no conclusive evidence of a relationship between COVID-19 and atherosclerosis, our study suggests a possible relationship
between them. Since this relationship was found especially in cases with severe disease in our study, we believe that the treatment should focus on
preventing excessive inflammatory response, and such patients should be under control in terms of coronary artery disease.
Radiomic Analysis of Contrast-Enhanced CT Predicts Glypican 3-Positive
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Shifang , Xiao Shungen , Jiang Zhen , Xiao Junfeng , He Qi , Wang Mei , Fan Yanfen 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The Glypican 3 (GPC3)-positive expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is associated with a worse prognosis. Moreover, GPC3 has
emerged as an immunotherapeutic target in advanced unresectable HCC systemic therapy. It is significant to diagnose GPC3-positive HCCs before
therapy. Regarding imaging diagnosis of HCC, dynamic contrast-enhanced CT is more common than MRI in many regions.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to construct and validate a radiomics model based on contrast-enhanced CT to predict the GPC3 expression in
hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 141 (training cohort: n = 100; validation cohort: n = 41) pathologically confirmed HCC patients. Radiomics
features were extracted from the Artery Phase (AP) images of contrast-enhanced CT. Logistic regression with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and
Selection Operator (LASSO) regularization was used to select features to construct radiomics score (Rad-score). A final combined model,
including the Rad-score of the selected features and clinical risk factors, was established. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis,
Delong test, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) were used to assess the predictive performance of the clinical and radiomics models.

Results:
5 features were selected to construct the AP radiomics model of contrast-enhanced CT. The radiomics model of AP from contrast-enhanced CT
was superior to the clinical model of AFP in training cohorts (P < 0.001), but not superior to the clinical model in validation cohorts (P = 0.151).
The combined model (AUC = 0.867 vs. 0.895), including AP Rad-score and serum Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) levels, improved the predictive
performance more than the AFP model (AUC = 0.651 vs. 0.718) in the training and validation cohorts. The combined model, with a higher
decision curve indicating more net benefit, exhibited a better predictive performance than the AP radiomics model. DCA revealed that at a range
threshold probability approximately above 60%, the combined model added more net benefit compared to the AP radiomics model of contrastenhanced
CT.

Conclusion:
A combined model including AP Rad-score and serum AFP levels based on contrast-enhanced CT could preoperatively predict GPC3-positive
expression in HCC.
Improving Quality of ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) Coding Using AI: Protocol for a Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chomutare Taridzo , Lamproudis Anastasios , Budrionis Andrius , Svenning Therese Olsen , Hind Lill Irene , Ngo Phuong Dinh , Mikalsen Karl Øyvind , Dalianis Hercules 
Published: March 2024

Background
Computer-assisted clinical coding (CAC) tools are designed to help clinical coders assign standardized codes, such as the ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision), to clinical texts, such as discharge summaries. Maintaining the integrity of these standardized codes is important both for the functioning of health systems and for ensuring data used for secondary purposes are of high quality. Clinical coding is an error-prone cumbersome task, and the complexity of modern classification systems such as the ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision) presents significant barriers to implementation. To date, there have only been a few user studies; therefore, our understanding is still limited regarding the role CAC systems can play in reducing the burden of coding and improving the overall quality of coding.

Objective
The objective of the user study is to generate both qualitative and quantitative data for measuring the usefulness of a CAC system, Easy-ICD, that was developed for recommending ICD-10 codes. Specifically, our goal is to assess whether our tool can reduce the burden on clinical coders and also improve coding quality.

Methods
The user study is based on a crossover randomized controlled trial study design, where we measure the performance of clinical coders when they use our CAC tool versus when they do not. Performance is measured by the time it takes them to assign codes to both simple and complex clinical texts as well as the coding quality, that is, the accuracy of code assignment.

Results
We expect the study to provide us with a measurement of the effectiveness of the CAC system compared to manual coding processes, both in terms of time use and coding quality. Positive outcomes from this study will imply that CAC tools hold the potential to reduce the burden on health care staff and will have major implications for the adoption of artificial intelligence–based CAC innovations to improve coding practice. Expected results to be published summer 2024.

Conclusions
The planned user study promises a greater understanding of the impact CAC systems might have on clinical coding in real-life settings, especially with regard to coding time and quality. Further, the study may add new insights on how to meaningfully exploit current clinical text mining capabilities, with a view to reducing the burden on clinical coders, thus lowering the barriers and paving a more sustainable path to the adoption of modern coding systems, such as the new ICD-11.

Trial Registration
clinicaltrials.gov NCT06286865; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06286865

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/54593
The Ledger Does Not Balance for All: Experiences of Underrepresented Individuals in Accounting Academia
Authors: Colson Casey J. , McWilliams Denise , Oliver DeJarvis , Sharma Divesh S. , Witherspoon Candace 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Despite implementing diversity and inclusion initiatives in accounting academia, we lack a deep understanding of the experiences of historically underrepresented individuals (HUIs), including females, racial minorities, and members of the LGBTQ+ community. Applying an intersectional view, our study links social identity and social closure theories to understand how workplace interactions shape the experiences and perceptions of HUIs in accounting academia. Analyzing semistructured interviews with 16 HUI accounting faculty members identified five major themes: inequity among colleagues, pressure from expectations, lack of representation of HUIs in accounting academia, initiatives that promote inclusion, and academia’s current environment for HUIs. Specific quotes interwoven with the findings provide insight into the current state of diversity and inclusion in accounting schools and departments. These reveal that, although there have been some improvements in HUIs’ experiences with diversity and inclusion, biases and exclusionary practices remain firmly grounded.
A complex cyclical One Health pathway drives the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Parker Elizabeth M. , Ballash Gregory A. , Mollenkopf Dixie F. , Wittum Thomas E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Since their commercialization, scientists have known that antimicrobial use kills or inhibits susceptible bacteria while allowing resistant bacteria to survive and expand. Today there is widespread antimicrobial resistance (AMR), even to antimicrobials of last resort such as the carbapenems, which are reserved for use in life-threatening infections. It is often convenient to assign responsibility for this global health crisis to the users and prescribers of antimicrobials. However, we know that animals never treated with antimicrobials carry clinically relevant AMR bacteria and genes. The causal pathway from bacterial susceptibility to resistance is not simple, and dissemination is cyclical rather than linear. Amplification of AMR occurs in healthcare environments and on farms where frequent exposure to antimicrobials selects for resistant bacterial populations. The recipients of antimicrobial therapy release antimicrobial residues, resistant bacteria, and resistance genes in waste products. These are reduced but not removed during wastewater and manure treatment and enter surface waters, soils, recreational parks, wildlife, and fields where animals graze and crops are grown for human and animal consumption. The cycle is complete when a patient carrying AMR bacteria is treated with antimicrobials that amplify the resistant bacterial populations. Reducing the development and spread of AMR requires a One Health approach with the combined commitment of governments, medical and veterinary professionals, agricultural industries, food and feed processors, and environmental scientists. In this review and in the companion Currents in One Health by Ballash et al, JAVMA, April 2024, we highlight just a few of the steps of the complex cyclical causal pathway that leads to the amplification, dissemination, and maintenance of AMR.
Stem cells and platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of naturally occurring equine tendon and ligament injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: M’Cloud Willow R. C. , Guzmán Kimberly E. , Panek Char L. , Colbath Aimee C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stromal or stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated as treatments for equine tendon and ligament injuries, but little consensus exists on the efficacy of these treatments. The study sought to evaluate the efficacy of PRP and MSC treatments by systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS
A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Inclusion criteria required an original, peer-reviewed study where horses were administered MSCs or PRP (or both), and a comparator group was described. Studies were assessed for risk of bias and study quality. Random effects meta-analysis with inverse variance weighting was used to calculate pooled estimates of the ORs for the primary outcomes of return to performance and reinjury.

RESULTS
The search criteria identified 764 unique studies, and 21 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Seventeen studies were further assessed for the primary outcomes of return to performance and reinjury rate within a meta-analysis. Meta-analyses revealed no increase in the likelihood of a return to performance with any of the biologic treatments. However, MSCs and MSCs administered concurrently with PRP provide a reduced risk of reinjury.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The current study identified a decrease in reinjury rate in horses administered MSCs or a combination of MSCs and PRP for tendinopathy and desmopathy. However, results should be interpreted with consideration of the heterogeneity of findings, poor study quality, and high risk of bias in the majority of studies.