bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The endolymphatic sac: Anatomical considerations
Authors: Shea Donald A. , Chole Richard A. , Paparella Michael M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSince Portmann suggested surgical drainage of the endolymphatic sac in 1927, several similar procedures have been described. These procedures all share a common problem: the endolymphatic sac must be identified without injuring the labyrinthine structures or the facial nerve.Anson and Donaldson have provided the otologist with a detailed and accurate description of the anatomy of the endolymphatic sac but did not provide the surgeon a convenient and reliable way of safely locating this structure through Trautmann's triangle via a mastoidectomy approach.Forty normal temporal bones were examined and measurements obtained. In 20 temporal bones, the vestibular portion of the endolymphatic duct was injected with dye, and a complete mastoidectomy was performed. Accurate measurements were obtained. In addition, 20 normal temporal bones were sectioned down to the inferior‐most extent of the endolymphatic sac, and measurements from local landmarks were obtained.The distance between the short process of the incus and the bottom of the otic capsule of the posterior semicircular canal is 10.4 mm (range 9.5 to 11.5 mm), and the distance from the tip of the short process of the incus to the inferior‐most point of the endolymphatic sac is 16.9 mm (range 13.0 to 19.0 mm). Hence, the distance from the otic capsule of the posterior canal to the bottom of the sac is 4.3 mm (range 1.9 to 6.6 mm). Therefore, the conservative surgeon can approach the endolymphatic sac below the level of the posterior semicircular canal and minimize risk of injury to that structure.
The ultrastructure of the endolymphatic sac in ménière's disease
Authors: Schindler Robert A. , Horn Karl L. , Jones Patricia Leake , Maglio Maria 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMeniere's disease is a well recognized clinical entity, yet the etiology and pathophysiology of the disease is not fully understood. Impaired endolymphatic sac function resulting in faulty reabsorption of endolymph has been implicated in the production of the disease. The histopathological findings from biopsied sac specimens and observed by transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electronmicroscopy in two patients with early Meniere's disease are presented and discussed. Extensive subepithelial fibrosis with loss of vascularity and obliteration of portions of the lumen of the endolymphatic sac by an ingrowth of collagen is noted in both specimens. The implications of these findings are discussed and the need for more TEM and SEM studies of inner ear disorders is stressed.
Tympanoplasty: Torps and porps
Authors: Brackmann Derald E. , Sheehy James L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe reviewed 106 cases in which PlastiPoreTM prostheses were used for ossicular reconstruction. In all cases a piece of cartilage was interposed between the prosthesis and the tympanic membrane graft to prevent the potential problem of prosthesis extrusion.With total ossicular replacement prostheses (TORPs) 55% closed to within 10 db and 85% closed to within 20 db of the bone conduction level. Closure to within 10 db of the bone conduction level was accomplished in 64% of partial ossicular replacement prostheses (PORPs) cases. These results are better than obtained previously with either ossicles or cartilage alone.
Spasmodic dysphonia: Abductor type: A clinical report of acoustic, aerodynamic and perceptual characteristics
Authors: Merson Richard M. , Ginsberg Anne Plummer 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwo case studies of spasmodic dysphonia (abductor type) are presented with acoustic and aerodynamic documentation. The abductor type is characterized clinically as exhibiting intermittent moderate to severe breathiness accompanied by sudden drops in pitch. These phenomena are interpreted as intermittent abductor vocal fold spasms. Complete case histories including voice therapy and their results are presented.
Idiopathic ulceration of the hypopharynx
Authors: Harrison Donald F. N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAt least three clinical variations of idiopathic ulceration of the oropharyngeal cavity are recognized. Major (or giant) aphthous ulceration is uncommon but may affect the hypopharynx producing severe pain, dysphagia, and severe scarring. Healing with systemic prednisolone may require large and prolonged dosage. In 7 out of 14 patients with hypopharyngeal ulceration gastrostomy was performed to assist nutrition and by‐pass the cricopharyngeal region in an attempt at reducing subsequent scarring.
Cranio‐facial approach to ossifying fibromas
Authors: Janecka Ivo P. , Housepian Edgar 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA cranio‐facial approach to ossifying fibromas of the orbit and the anterior cranial base is described. Ten patients with a documented ossifying fibroma were operated on utilizing this surgical modality. Eight tumors were completely removed and two were subtotally resected. The surgical defects were reconstructed either with an autogenous bone graft or an aluminum/acrylic cranioplasty. Our surgery for ossifying fibromas accomplished a significant reduction or an elimination of ocular displacement as well as the reestablishment of cranial symmetry.
Oncogenes: Their presence and significance in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck
Authors: Friedman William H. , Rosenblum Barry N. , Katsantonis George , Thornton Helen , Loewenstein Paul , Green Maurice 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDNA extracted from squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and tongue has been shown to contain cellular transforming genes characterized by their ability to transform mouse fibroblasts into malignant foci of cells which, when subsequently cloned and grown to volume, have been found to contain human DNA sequences. This DNA has been serially passaged through subsequent populations of NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Higher malignant transformation efficiencies have been observed and reported with serial passage. Of greater significance is the repeated identification of oncogenes of identical characteristics on electrophoretic radioisotope analysis.
Safety of 125iodine and 192iridium implants to the canine carotid artery: Preliminary report
Authors: Fee Willard E. , Handen Cynthia , Goffinet Don R. , Fajardo Luis F. , Guthaner Diana 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThirty‐nine healthy dogs underwent a simulated radical neck dissection followed by implantation of either 125Iodine (125I) or 192Indium (192Ir) in various dose regimes randomized prospcctively from 3,000 to 30,000 rad. Bilateral selective carotid angiography was performed immediately postoperatively and at six months and one year. No significant effects occurred to the animals who received 15,000 rad 125I or 6,000 rad 192Ir. In the higher dosed animals the 125I treated group fared better than the 192Ir treated group, probably due to the lower dose rate delivery. All surviving animals will be maintained an additional year to determine the late effects of brachytherapy irradiation to the carotid artery.
Biologically aggressive papillomas of the nasal cavity: The role of radiation therapy
Authors: Mendenhall William M. , Million Rodney R. , Cassisi Nicholas J. , Pierson K. Kendall 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFive patients were irradiated at the University of Florida for advanced and/or recurrent papillomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses from December 1969 through December 1981. Three patients were irradiated either before or after resection and two patients were treated with radiation therapy alone. Two patients had pure inverted papilloma, one patient had inverted papilloma associated with a focus of squamous cell carcinoma, and two patients had cylindrical cell papillomas. Four patients are alive and continuously disease free at 3, 3, 4, and 11 years following treatment. One patient died of intercurrent disease nine years following treatment without evidence of recurrent tumor.
The movable stent in choanal atresia
Authors: Birck Herbert G. , Parrish Robert T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to report our experience in the surgical management of choanal atresia. All of the patients in our series have been treated by endonasal puncture and application of a movable stent. Seventeen patients were operated on using this technique between July 1978 and January 1984. Eleven of the 17 were bilateral atresias and the remaining 6 were unilateral. All 17 cases were successfully treated using this technique. Based on our experience, we believe the key to successful repair of choanal atresia lies not in the method of opening the atretic plate, but in providing a stent that is movable and will thus reduce the occurrence of restenosis. At the same time, we propose a simple method of diagnosis.
Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous‐iliac bone flap for reconstruction of massive defects of mandible and oral basis
Authors: Mogi Goro , Fujiyoshi Tatsuya , Kurono Yuichi , Kawauchi Hideyuki 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRecent advances in reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer have improved the cure rate of advanced carcinoma, and the function of the organ. However, it still remains difficult to repair the mandible and oral floor. We devised a combined flap of myocutaneous latissimus dorsi and iliac bone, and applied it to two patients with advanced carcinoma of the oral cavity that invaded to the mandible (T4N3M0). Each patient received preoperative irradiation, totalling 30 Gy and 40 Gy. Two weeks before the extensive resection, a sufficient bony mass for the presumed mandibular defect was taken from the iliac crest and transplanted beneath the latissimus dorsi muscle. Defects of the mandible and oral floor were reconstructed using this combined flap immediately after the resection. The patients began to eat 2 weeks after surgery.
New clinical finding in vestibular neuritis: High‐frequency audiometry hearing loss in the affected ear
Authors: Rahko Tapani , Karma Pekka 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwenty‐one patients with established vestibular neuronitis were examined otoneurologically and audiologically. High‐frequency audiometry up to 20,000 Hz was performed on all the patients. In 17 cases a high‐frequency hearing loss was greater in the ear with vestibular neuritis. The mean hearing loss difference varied from 14 dB to 24 dB, depending on the frequency. Our results reveal that in most cases of vestibular neuritis there are no isolated vestibular lesions, but most cases also involve an auditory end‐organ lesion. This finding is in unison with the anatomic conditions of the cochlea and the vestibular end‐organ.
Osteolytic sinusitis and pneumomediastinum: Deceptive otolaryngologic complications of cocaine abuse
Authors: Schweitzer Vanessa G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRecreational cocaine abuse via intranasal “snorting,” “free‐base” smoking, “body‐packing,” or intravenous injection can be lethal. Increasing illicit use of cocaine hydrochloride and the misuse of legal over‐the‐counter (OTC) nasal drugs are known causative agents of nasal septal perforation with loss of taste and smell. Although 2 to 3 mg/kg is the recommended maximum dose for topical anesthesia, cocaine snorters may use 1,000 mg or more daily on a “run.” Furthermore, the newer route of smoking the extracted volatile “free‐base” form of the adulterated street drug provides a plasma concentration producing the same physiological and subjective effects of intravenous cocaine. Presented are two cases exemplifying unusual complications of cocaine abuse: 1. total nasal septal bony and cartilaginous necrosis with resultant saddle‐nose deformity and osteolytic sinusitis secondary to chronic intranasal “snorting” and 2. tracheobronchial rupture with pneumomediastinum secondary to smoking “free‐base” cocaine.
Transoral approach to fractures of the mandible
Authors: Dierks Eric J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe transoral approach to open reduction of mandibular fractures has gained popularity but remains controversial. This report reviews 37 consecutive transoral open reductions of various mandibular fractures performed in 32 patients over a 2‐year period. The fracture site most often addressed transorally was the symphysis and parasymphysis area. A 19% complication rate and an 11% infection rate were observed.
Human leukocytic antigens in autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Bowman Carol A. , Nelson Ralph A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSusceptibility to many autoimmune diseases is associated with inheritance of certain Human Leukocytic Antigens (HLA), determinants which have become diagnostic or prognostic markers. In this study of HLA antigen frequencies among patients with autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss, 39 patients with this otologic disorder were typed for HLA‐A, B, C, and DR antigens. A significant increase of Cw7 occurred in 51% of patients compared to 21% of 627 matched controls (relative risk, 3.95). Trends towards increased frequencies of Cw4, B35 and reduced frequency of DR4 were also observed. These data suggest a possible immunogenetic predisposition to this otologic disorder. The presence of Cw7 may facilitate the diagnosis of autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss.
Stapedectomy and round window closure
Authors: Shea John J. , Farrior Jay B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRound window closure is an uncommon complication of advanced otosclerosis found in 1% of 30,000 stapedectomy cases. A review of 81 patients representing 110 operation cases was made to determine what factors may alert the otologic surgeon to the patient with round window closure and what factors may identify the patient who will achieve the greatest benefit from stapedectomy.
First branchial cleft cysts: Clinical update
Authors: Finn Douglas G. , Buchalter Ira H. , Sarti Edward , Romo Thomas , Chodosh Paul 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFirst branchial cleft cysts develop as a result of incomplete fusion of the cleft between the first and second branchial arches and give rise to two distinct anomalies, termed type I and type II anomalies. Type I anomalies are purely ectodermal while type II anomalies exhibit ectodermal and mesodermal elements. The type II anomaly incorporates some portion of the first and second arch as well as the cleft.Type I lesions are extremely rare. They appear histologically as cysts lined by squamous epithelium. Clinically, they present as a cystic mass or fistula posterior to the pinna and concha. The cyst is usually superior to the main trunk of the facial nerve and ends in a cul‐de‐sac on or near a bony plate at the level of the mesotympanum.Type II lesions are more numerous and represent a duplication of both membranous and cartilaginous portions of the external auditory canal. They contain skin as well as adnexal structures and cartilage and may be associated with the parotid gland. Most frequently they are associated with fistulae in the concha or external auditory canal as well as fistulous openings in the neck.
Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other arachidonic acid metabolites in nasal polyps and nasal mucosa
Authors: Jung Timothy T. K. , Stewart Robert , Juhn S. K. , Hwang Daniel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractProstaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) are known to play an important role in allergic inflammatory reactions. The triad of aspirin sensitivity, nasal polyposis, and asthma led us to suspect that PGs, LTs and other arachidonic acid metabolites may be involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. The purpose of this study was to determine arachidonic acid metabolites and to measure concentrations of PGs and LTs in nasal polyps and nasal mucosa.Samples of nasal polyps and nasal mucosa were obtained at the time of polypectomies and nasal procedures. Metabolites of arachidonic acid in tissue were determined by incubation of tissue‐homogenates with 14C‐arachidonic acid and analyses with thin‐layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Levels of PGE2, 6‐keto‐PGF1α, throm‐boxane (Tx)B2, 15‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), LTC4, LTB4 were measured by radioimmunoassay. The predominant arachidonic acid metabolite in both nasal polyps and mucosa was 15‐HETE. The HPLC analysis showed that the predominant metabolite in nasal polyp was 15‐HETE, especially in polyps from aspirin sensitive patients. Levels of 15‐HETE and PGE2 were higher in polyps from patients with a history of allergy than from nonallergic patients. Levels of LTC4 and LTB4 in nasal polyps were determined.The findings of this study will help to explain biochemical basis of the pathogenesis of aspirin‐sensitive nasal polyps and to develop better medical treatment for them.
Hormonal receptors in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Mokhtar Farag M. , Ghanimah S. E. , Ragaie A. , Saleem T. H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSpecific thermostable androgen receptors were detected in the tissues of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. The receptors seemed to be specific with high affinity toward DHT more than testosterone. No abnormalities in serum levels of DHT, testosterone, and estradiol‐17 B could be detected in the patients studied. A concept of pathogenesis of the tumor in relation to that reported in literature recently is interpreted in the text.
Intraparotid facial nerve neurofibroma
Authors: Sullivan Michael J. , Babyak John W. , Kartush Jack M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNeurogenic neoplasms of the intraparotid facial nerve are uncommon and are usually diagnosed intraoperatively by tissue biopsy. Fifty‐six cases of primary neurogenic neoplasms involving the intraparotid facial nerve have been reported. The majority of these have been schwannomas. A case of a solitary neurofibroma involving the main trunk of the facial nerve is presented. Schwannomas and neuro fibromas have distinct histological features which must be considered prior to the management of these tumors. The management of neurogenic tumors associated with normal facial function is a particularly difficult problem. A new approach for the diagnosis and management of neurogenic neoplasms is described utilizing electroneurography.
Etiologic factors in head and neck wound infections
Authors: Brown Bert M. , Johnson Jonas T. , Wagner Robin L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe use of antibiotic prophylaxis does not prevent all postoperative wound infections. The records of 245 patients undergoing major head and neck surgery were reviewed to determine the cause of would infection which developed in 17 patients.Patients with Stage IV tumors had an increased infection rate as compared to lesser stages (p<.01). Reconstruction with a myocutaneous flap was associated with an increased infection rate when compared to primary closure or split‐thickness skin graft reconstruction (p<.001). Probable errors in surgical technique were identified in 10 of 17 infected patients.Neither weight loss, diabetes mellitus, prior radiation therapy, nor prior tracheotomy were found to increase the risk of wound infection (p>.05).This study lends insight into factors that may potentiate the development of wound infection despite antibiotic prophylaxis. A strategy to minimize postoperative infection is offered.
Proliferative myositis of the masseter muscle
Authors: Scher Natan , Dobleman Thomas J. , Poe Dennis S. , Panje William R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe authors present a case of a 33‐year‐old white man with a 4‐month history of a rapidly enlarging, tender, painful, circumscribed facial mass located in the masseter muscle. CT scan and fine needle aspiration cytology, coupled with clinical assessment, suggested the diagnosis of proliferative myositis. Curative intraoral excisional biopsy was done, thereby avoiding a parotidectomy incision and approach to the lesion. The pathology showed proliferative myositis. A review of the literature revealed 36 cases which indicated that proliferative myositis is a relatively rare etiology of a head and neck mass. Careful clinical, radiologic, and pathologic evaluations were required to make this unusual diagnosis and avoid any unnecessary facial mutilation in its treatment.
Fungal colonization of tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis
Authors: Izdebski Krzysztof , Ross Joel C. , Lee Scott 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLaryngectomized patients fitted with tracheoesophageal (TE) puncture voice prosthesis may experience frequent failures in adequate production of neophonation. In some cases, these phonatory problems result from obstruction of the voice prosthesis with various deposits. The nature of these deposits was studied with mycologic techniques and by light and scanning electron microscopy. Candida albicans and other fungal species were identified.
Carcinoma of the nasal vestibule treated with radiation therapy
Authors: Mendenhall Nancy P. , Parsons James T. , Cassisi Nicholas J. , Million Rodney R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwenty‐two patients with squamous carcinoma of the nasal vestibule were treated at the University of Florida Division of Radiation Therapy with curative intent. Fifteen lesions were de novo and seven recurrent after surgery. By AJCC classification, 7 lesions were Tx or T1, 2 were T2, 2 were T3, and 11 were T4. Management of the primary tumor and regional lymphatic drainage was highly individualized. Local control was achieved in 19 out of 22 lesions. The ultimate regional lymph node control rate was 22 out of 22, although two patients required radical neck dissection after development of lymph node disease in untreated regional lymphatics. Two patients have died of cancer and three of intercurrent disease. Cosmetic results are generally excellent but may be compromised by previous surgery in recurrent lesions or tumor destruction of normal tissues in advanced lesions. Complications of treatment are minimal.
A monoclonal antibody to squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ranken Raymond , Kaplan Michael J. , Silverman Sol , Gottfried Toby G. , White Carmen , Fee Willard E. , Yonkovich Shirley , Boles Roger , Liu Victor 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMonoclonal antibody 17.13.CI.10 is a murine IgM kappa monoclonal antibody (Mab) that stains frozen section squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) homogeneously and intensely with a sensitivity greater than 98%, including 106/107 SCC specimens from the head and neck. It was produced using a human laryngeal SCC as immunogen and screened using frozen section human tissue. Monoclonal antibody 17.13.CI.10 faintly stains the basal layer of normal squamous eptihelium, does not stain normal organ tissue other than myoepithelial cells, and reacts with few non‐SCC tumors. It, therefore, may be a useful adjunct to standard histopathologic criteria for the diagnosis of SCC. It may prove helpful in the investigation of tumor‐associated antigens. Despite major technical and immunologic problems, monoclonal antibodies to functional tissue‐specific tumor‐associated antigens have the potential to play a major role in imaging and in treatment in the future.