bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Course of hand dermatitis in hospital Workers
Authors: Lammintausta K. , Kalimo K. , Aantaa S. 
Published: April 2006

The occurrence and course of hand dermatitis in hospital workers was studied on the basis of the patient register of an occupational specialist and by a clinical follow‐up study. About 1% of all the hospital workers had had dermatitis, cleaners, kitchen workers and nurses most frequently. 54% of the patients who were clinically studied had suffered from periodic symptoms and 35% had current hand dermatitis. Those who had previous or present atopic dermatitis had most frequently developed dermatitis during the first year of their service. An atopic constitution seemed to predispose to the development of permanent or periodic hand dermatitis. The patients with sensitivity to nickel or fragrances had relapses in the majority of cases.During the study period, the incidence of new dermatitis cases was constant, but the number of days sick leave showed a decreasing tendency.
Epoxy‐dermatitis in a ski‐stick factory
Authors: Suhonen Raimo 
Published: April 2006

In Finnish ski‐Mick factory with 293 employees, several persons had skin symptoms compatible with contact allergy, Epoxy resin proved 10 be the only potential allergen in the working environment.The results of the study point to the important rôle of ski‐slick sawdust as the source of sensitizing, partly cured epoxy resin. The study also showed that not only hardeners, but also epoxy resin can cause immediate type of allergy.
Fungicide‐induced contact dermatitis
Authors: Johnsson Margateta , Buhangen Morten , Leira Håkon Lasse , Solvang Steinar 
Published: April 2006

Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (TCPN) is an agricultural and horticultural fungicide used in many parts of the world. In Northern Europe it is also used as a wood preservative.The substance has well‐known toxic properties through skin contact, and has recently been reported as inducing allergic contact dermatitis.We report an epidemic of contact dermatitis in a Norwegian wooden‐ware factory, which we attribute to TCPN. 14 out of 20 workers had skin complaints which were work related. Half of these cases were shown to be of allergic origin.The toxic and allergic properties of TCPN render this compound unsuitable for use in the wooden‐ware industry. A re‐evaluation of its use in agriculture and horticulture seems appropriate.
The current status of the weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Towers G. H. N. , Mitchell J. C. 
Published: April 2006

The dissemination of allergenic plants as horticultural introductions, or in the case of the weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. apparently by chance, can have undesirable results. This species of the Compositae family, native to the Caribbean region, has spread widely in India, causing allergic contact dermatitis from its content of sesquiterpene lactones, and has recently appeared in Australia.The clinical features consist of dermatitis of the exposed skin surfaces from direct contact with the weed, but resembling photo dermatitis. In fact, contact dermatitis from the plant can coexist with light sensitivity. The plant does not show phototoxic activity but may contain an unidentified photo allergen. Since plant hairs and the pollen contain sesquiterpene lactones, they can probably cause air bone contact dermatitis. Attempts to control spread of the plant have so far not been successful.
Prevalence, incidence and course of eczema on the hands and forearms in a sample of the general population
Authors: Lantinga H. , Nater J. P. , Coenraads P. J. 
Published: April 2006

In 1979, the inhabitants of a geographically defined area were examined for skin disorders of the hands and forearms. In 1982 this cohort was invited for re‐examination. In persons with eczema, patch testing was performed. Irritant factors were found to play a rôle in 73% of the cases, whereas a contact allergy could be detected in 30%. The must frequent allergens were nickel sulphate (20%), potassium dichromate (6%), land cobalt chloride (4%). In some persons with a definite history of allergy to metals, no positive patch test with nickel, chromate or cobalt could be obtained; other mechanisms may be involved. Significantly more positive patch tests were found among persons with an eczema of longer than 2 years duration compared with persons, with eczema present for a shorter period of time, indicating that many cases of eczema are primarily of irritant nature, but later complicated by sensitisation.In 41%, the eczema was healed. A poor healing tendency was observed in those with a combination or irritant and allergic eczema. Relatively few ascribed healing to medical treatment.
Histological changes in rabbits after application of medicaments and cosmetic bases (III)
Authors: Rantuccio F. , Sinisi D. , Coviello C. , Conte A. , Scardigno A. 
Published: April 2006

An experimental study is reported of the irritant potential of oil of purcellin, isopropyl palmitate, nonyl phenol, Modulan, Amerchol and Acetulan when massaged in fixed amounts into the rabbit's skin daily for 30 days.Skin biopsies provided data on the number of epithelial cell layers, cell counts of the superficial dermis, and the fibre and basement membrane changes. All the test compounds induced changes in the form of increased number of epithelial cell layers and of the papillary dermis cell count, more marked for Acetulan or Amerchol. The difficulties in the evaluation of the results and their applications to human pathology are discussed.
Occupational dermatoses at a film laboratory
Authors: Lidén Carola 
Published: April 2006

During the period January 1980‐June 1981, an investigation was made of skin diseases among employees of a film laboratory. The investigation was carried out in 5 stages. (I) Questionnaire (II) Clinical examination and interview with all employees who stated that they had had skin disease at so me time (III) Patch testing at the laboratory of all cases of suspected occupational dermatoses, and control tests in hospital of 200 non‐exposed eczema patients (IV) Investigation of protective gloves by patch testing and in a chemical bath (V) Allergy test on guinea pigs (GPMT) of one agent (PBA‐1).The firm had 114 employees and the questionnaire was answered by 103. Altogether 43 persons at some time had been exposed to chemicals in their work, and 21 of them had had occupational dermatoses. In 12 cases, contact allergy was found to one or more of the photographic chemicals CD‐2, CD‐3, Metol and PBA‐1. GPMT with PBA‐1 showed it to be a potent sensitizer. The colour developing agents may also give rise to lichenoid reactions and 2 such cases were seen in this investigation. Other causes of occupational dermatoses are indicated, as well as the occurrence of non‐occupational skin diseases.
Oral challenge with balsam of Peru
Authors: Veien N. K. , Hattel T. , Justesen O. , Norholm N. 
Published: April 2006

A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, Oral challenge with balsam of Peru was carried out in 221 patients with various types of dermatitis. 210 patients completed the study, and 45 of them experienced a flare of their symptoms after challenge with balsam of Peru but not after placebo. 15 patients reacted to the placebo, and 5 reacted to both balsam and placebo. Specific reactivity to balsam of Peru was seen particularly in patients with positive patch tests to this compound and in some patch‐test‐negative patients with vesicular hand eczema, ano‐genital and axillary eczema.Dietary restriction of the intake of balsams was followed by marked improvement or clearance of the dermatitis in approximately half of the patients who adhered to the diet for at least 1 month.
Occupational dermatitis from soldering flux among workers in the electronics industry
Authors: GOH C. L. 
Published: April 2006

Although numerous occupations t irritants, and allergens have been known to cause contact dermatitis in the electronics industry. soldering flux is seldom mentioned. Soldering flux used in I lie electronics industry can cause both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Irritant dermatitis is commoner than allergic contact dermatitis.Aminoethylethanolamine, a constituent of some fluxes, is a sensitizer Dermatitis tends to start overr the periungual area and spread lo the linger shafts and sometimes the wrists. The use of cotton gloves by workers appeared in aggravate the problem.Prophylactic measures are essential to prevent occupational contact dermatitis in workers handling flux in the electronics industry.
Interrelationship of nickel and cobalt contact sensitization
Authors: Lammintausta Kaija , Pitkänen Olli‐Pekka , Kalimo Kirsti , Jansen Christer T. 
Published: April 2006

The possible modulating effect of previous nickel sensitization on subsequent cobalt sensitization, and vice versa, was studied in a guinea pig model, using an open epicutanous induction protocol. Challenge tests were made by both topical and systemic routes, Controls included animals sensitized to only one of the metals.Animals sensitized with both metals seemed 10 read more readily in patch testing to either allergen, as compared to mono‐sensitized animals. Systemic challenge with cobalt revealed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher reaction rate (70%) in animals originally sensitized to cobalt and subsequently to nickel, as compared to the reaction rate (20%) in cobalt mono‐sensitized animals. The reverse order of double‐sensitization (nickel first, cobalt subsequently) led to an intermediate cobalt sensitization rate (50%).These experimental data corroborate clinical findings which have indicated a mutual enhancing effect of nickel and cobalt contact sensitization in man, and provide an animal model for studying the underlying immunological processes.
Lymphocyte subsets and Langerhans cells in allergic and irritant patch test reactions: histometric studies
Authors: Ferguson J. , Gibbs J. H. , Beck J. Swanson 
Published: April 2006

This study has attempted to distinguish between allergic and irritant reactions to patch tests by semiquantitative histological methods. The extent of perivascular chronic inflammatory infiltrate at 72h in irritant patch test reactions to sodium lauryl sulphate was shown to be small and very consistent. whereas in allergic reactions in nickel sulphate it was generally larger and more variable in size (p < 0.02). The two major lymphocyte subsets (T4 and T8) were randomly intermixed in both types of reaction and formed the major component of both the perivascular and diffuse dermal infiltrate, without any evidence of selective migration The T4:T8 ratios were similar in focal and diffuse infiltrates. The number of T6 dendritic (putative Langerhans) cells in the epidermis (per mm inner epidermal length) was usually greatly reduced in irritant reactions (5–16 mm −1, mean 10 mm−1) but remained within normal limits in allergic reactions (6–33 mm−;1, mean 21 mm–1) (p <0.001). Comparable results were seen with other irritants (mercuric chloride and benzalkonium chloride) and older allergens (neomycin sulphate. ethylene diamine and potassium dichromate).In additional experiments, pairs of biopsies were taken from the reaction and from adjacent unaffected skin. The T6 cell density in the epidermis did not significantly differ between allergic reactions and control skin. By contrast, (lie irritant reactions had fewer T6 cells than the control skin (p < 0.001).
Contact sensitivity and urticaria in “wet” work
Authors: Nilsson Eskil 
Published: April 2006

A selected group of 142 hospital “wet” workers with hand eczema was studied. 91% were female. Atopy (58%), metal dermatitis (41%), and hand eczema prior to the current wet work (67%) were more common than in the total cohort to which these patients belonged. Patch tests were carried out on 120 patients and prick tests on 41 with a history of contact urticaria.Water, cleaning agents, hand disinfectants, the wearing of gloves and other trivial irritant factors were claimed to have elicited the current episodes of hand eczema in 92.3% of cases. In 35%, a considerable part of the exposure to irritant factors look place at home or during leisure time. Delayed contact sensitivity was found in 45 patients, nickel, cobalt, balsam of Peru and rubber chemicals being the most common allergens. Nickel and/or cobalt allergy was found in approximately half of the patients with contact allergy. Positive prick tests relevant for contact urticaria were found in 22 patients, and were most often obtained with various foods or rubber gloves.Although contact sensitivity and contact urticaria were common, they seemed to play a minor rôle in the etiology of the current hand eczema compared to endogenous factors and trivial irritants.
Dermatitis and urticaria from rubber and plastic gloves
Authors: Estlander Tuula , Jolanki Riitta , Kanerva Lasse 
Published: April 2006

The number and nature of allergic occupational glove dermatoses were analysed. 542 cases of allergic contact dermatosis were diagnosed during 1974–1983. Amongst these, 68 (12.5%) were caused by rubber or plastic gloves. 2 patients had contact urticaria due to rubber gloves.Gloves were the main cause of occupational allergic rubber eczema, inducing 63 (58.3%) of 108 rubber eczema cases. 38 of them had positive reactions to rubber chemicals and glove material. 14 to glove material only, and 11 to rubber chemicals. 5 cases of allergic eczema from plastic gloves were diagnosed, all due to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 2 cases of contact urticaria from natural rubber gloves were diagnosed by a provocation test. Epicutaneous testing with material of natural rubber gloves and rubber chemicals was negative.The present study shows that allergy to rubber gloves is usual, while allergy to plastic gloves is rare. Thus, plastic gloves should be used, when possible. Patch testing with protective gloves should always be used when patients develop prolonged hand dermatitis and where the possibility of glove eczema exists.
Demonstration of contact sensitizers in resins and products based on phenol‐formaldehyde
Authors: Bruze Magnus , Persson Lena , Trulsson Lena , Zimersom Erik 
Published: April 2006

12 phenol‐formaldehyde resins were investigated with regard to the presence of 14 contact sensitizers by using high‐pressure liquid chromatography The allergens consisted of simple methylol phenols, dihydroxydiphenyl methanes, 4,41‐dihydroxy‐(hydroxymethyl)‐diphenyl methanes and 2,4‐dihydroxy‐(hydroxymethyl)‐diphenyl methanes. Four substances, 2,4‐dimethylol phenol, 2,6‐dimethylol phenol, 4,41‐dihydroxydiphenyl methane and 2,41‐dihydroxydiphenyl methane, were isolated from a resol resin and identified by mass‐spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The highest concentrations (up to 15% w/w) of allergens were noted for methylol phenols in resol resins based on phenol and formaldehyde. The corresponding novolak resins showed d high content of dihydroxydiphenyl methanes. There was great variation in concentration of the sensitizers between the resins. None of these sensitizers were demonstrated in the resin based on paratertiary‐butyl phenol.Products bused on phenol‐formaldehyde resins were also investigated for the presence of allergens. Uncured impregnated paper for laminate production and uncured mineral wool contained the same concentrations of the sensitizers as some of the resins studied. The curing process decreased the content of all the allergens investigated in all products, but the sensitizers did not disappear, and they may thus be present in finished products.
Test battery for metal allergy in dentistry
Authors: Van Loon L. A. J. , von Elsas P. W. , von Joost TH. , Davidson C. L. 
Published: April 2006

Some alloys used in restorative dentistry may evoke an allergic contact stomatitis in certain persons. In order to protect patients from material's with undesired reactions, and considering corrosion characteristics of different alloys used, it is useful to devise an adequate patch test battery to include the most relevant metals.Dental alloys are composed of a combination of various metals. 12 different ions of frequent occurrence (Au3+ Pd2+, Zn2+, Mo6+, Sn2+, Ga3+, In3+, Co2+, Cr3+(6+), Ni2+, Fe2+(3+) and Si4+) were epicutaneously tested as the aqueous, solution 6f the respective salt. The concentrations are given in g/100 ml and also in m.mole/l. The 12 different metal ion solutions were patch tested on patients in 3 groups: one group with a positive history of contact stomatitis (30 patients, group 1), one group with a positive history of contact dermatitis (16 patients, group 2), and a control group (17 persons, croup 3). In contrast to the control group, a remarkable high percentage (11%) of positive skin reactions to Pd was found in groups 1 and 2. No allergic or irritant skin reactions were detected to Ga, Sn and Zn. No irritant reaction was observed at pH values as low as 1.5. In the case of SiCl4 (pH = 0.5). 41 % positive irritant reactions were evoked. In the group with a positive history of contact dermatitis (group 1). a positive reaction was found more often (69%) than in the group with a positive history of contact stomatitis (30%) (group 2). The difference between these groups was mainly caused by reactions to Ni and Pd.It can be concluded in general that it is necessary that a reliable epicutaneous test batten, of metals is developed.
Dermatitis from phenyl salicylate in safety spectacle frames
Authors: Sonnex T. S. , Rycroft R. J. G. 
Published: April 2006

We report 3 cases of allergic contact dermatitis behind the ears from wearing the same brand of industrial safely spectacles, In each case, a positive patch test was obtained with scrapings of the plastic frame. In 2 cases further patch tests with constituents of the plastic were carried out; positive patch test were obtained with phenyl salicylate.Phenyl salicylate is used as an ultraviolet inhibitor in some cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose acetate propionate formulae. It has previously been reported as a contact Sensitizer from its use as a sun screen in a lip salve.Positive patch test reactions were also obtained variously in these patients with balsam of Peru, resorcinol, monobenzoate, and epoxy resin.
Lipstick dermatitis due to C18 aliphatic compounds
Authors: Hayakawa Ritsuko , Matsunaga Kayoko , Suzuki Mari , Arima Yaeno , Ohkido Yukari 
Published: April 2006

An 18‐year‐old girl developed cheilitis. She had a past history of lip cream dermatitis, but the cause was not found. Patch tests with 2 lipsticks were strongly positive. Tests with the ingredients were positive to 2 aliphatic compounds, glyceryl diisostearate and diisostearyl malate. Impurities in the materials were suspected as the cause. Analysis by gas chromatography detected 3 chemicals in glyceryl diisostearate and 1 in diisostearyl malate as impurities.Patch testing with the impurities and glyceryl monoisostearate 0.01% pet in glyceryl diisostearate and isostearyl alcohol 0.25% pet in diisostearyl malate were strongly positive.The characteristics common to the 2 chemicals were liquidity at room temperature, branched C18aliphatic compound and primary alcohol. Chemicals lacking any of the above 3 features did not react.
Phase II Clinical Trial Design: Methods in Translational Research from the Genitourinary Committee at the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
Authors: Gray Robert , Manola Judith , Saxman Scott , Wright John , Dutcher Jan , Atkins Michael , Carducci Michael , See William , Sweeney Christopher , Liu Glenn , Stein Mark , Dreicer Robert , Wilding George , DiPaola Robert S. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Given the increase in novel agents and difficulty with planning and completing many phase III studies, various phase II trial design options should be considered to more effectively guide phase III trial plans. The need for novel phase II trial designs has increased, given the number of novel molecular targeted therapies now available for testing, an abundance of cytostatic agents, and limited resources to conduct phase III studies for all interesting agents or combinations. This review will focus on options for phase II trial designs. We review randomized phase II designs with placebo control, randomized selection designs, and randomized discontinuation designs. As agents become available for testing in the clinic, the strengths and weaknesses of different phase II trial designs should be considered to optimize a trial development plan that guides phase III trial decisions more effectively.
Targeting Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptors on Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells with a Bispecific Molecule that Activates Polyclonal T Lymphocytes
Authors: Zhou Jiehua , Chen Jian , Zhong Ruikun , Mokotoff Michael , Shultz Leonard D. , Ball Edward D. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a growth factor for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). GRP belongs to the bombesin peptide family and has significant homology to bombesin. We constructed a bispecific molecule, OKT3xAntag2, by conjugating a monoclonal antibody OKT3 (anti-CD3) with a bombesin/GRP antagonist (Antag2) and evaluated cytotoxicity against SCLC cells.
Experimental Design: We tested binding of the bispecific molecule to SCLC cell lines and T cells by flow cytometry, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of SCLC cells in vitro and in a murine SCLC xenograft model. We studied SCLC apoptosis and necrosis during ADCC and the activity and cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).
Results: The bispecific molecule functions as a cross-linker between T cells and SCLC cells, induces T cell activation, and mediates ADCC of SCLC cells; 40% to 80% growth inhibition of SCLC cells mediated by the bispecific molecule at low effector to target cell ratios was achieved. Activation of T cells by the bispecific molecule resulted in significant increases in IFNγ production and apoptosis and necrosis of SCLC cells associated with cleavage of PARP and caspase-3. Targeted immunotherapy with the bispecific molecule–armed human T cells significantly reduced SCLC tumor burdens in a mouse model.
Conclusion: The bispecific molecule OKT3xAntag2 mediates growth inhibition and apoptosis of SCLC cells by activated T cells through activation and cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP in vitro and in vivo. Clinical trials of this bispecific molecule through adoptive transfer of ex vivo activated T cells in GRP receptor–positive tumors, such as SCLC, are warranted.
Thymidylate Synthase Messenger RNA Expression in Plasma from Patients with Colon Cancer: Prognostic Potential
Authors: Garcia Vanesa , García José M. , Peña Cristina , Silva Javier , Domínguez Gemma , Hurtado Alicia , Alonso Isabel , Rodriguez Rufo , Provencio Mariano , Bonilla Félix 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPurpose: Thymidylate synthase (TS), a critical target in fluorouracil-based chemotherapy, is a prognostic marker in colon carcinomas and a predictor of response to treatment. Tumor RNA has been detected in plasma from cancer patients and is associated with poor prognosis. This is the first study to examine extracellular TS mRNA in plasma from patients with colon carcinoma, and its possible relation with TS promoter enhancer region (TSER) polymorphism.Experimental Design: TS expression was measured in plasma from 88 patients and 26 controls, and in a tumor subgroup of this series by quantitative PCR. Genotyping for TSER polymorphism was done in 60 patients. Clinicopathologic variables were correlated with these molecular changes.Results: TS mRNA was detected in plasma in 47% of patients, showing significant differences from healthy controls. Patients with TS mRNA in plasma had higher levels of TS in tumor tissue than patients without. The presence of TS mRNA was associated with lymph node metastases and more advanced stages. Polymorphism TSER 3/3 was found in 38% of cases, and was significantly correlated with high amounts of TS mRNA in plasma.Conclusions: Our results suggest that TS mRNA in plasma originated from tumors, it may indicate poor prognosis and might help to classify tumors in Dukes' stages B and C. The TSER genotype may influence TS mRNA expression in plasma.