bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioaffinity Separations Using Reversed Micellar Extraction
Authors: Woll J. M. , Hatton T. A. , Yarmush M. L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt is shown that significant enhancements in the efficiency of protein recovery using reversed micelle extractants are possible if an affinity ligand surfactant is incorporated in the micellar phase formulation. The partitioning of the model protein concanavalin‐A was found to increase dramatically on addition of small amounts of octyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2 to 10 percent of the total surfactant concentration) to the organic reversed micellar phase, while transfer of ribonuclease‐A was essentially unaffected by the addition of this biological detergent. Glucose inhibited the solubilization of concanavalin‐A owing to competition for the binding sites between glucose and the affinity ligand. The experimental results were well described in terms of a simple thermodynamic model for the affinity partitioning of the protein between the two phases. Estimated binding constants for the protein‐ligand complex in the reversed micellar phase are consistent with published aqueous‐phase results.
Response of a Mouse Hybridoma Cell Line to Heat Shock, Agitation, and Sparging
Authors: Passini Cheryl A. , Goochee Charles F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA mouse hybridoma cell line was used as a model for studying the effect of three different environmental stresses. The heat shock response of the hybridoma cell line was examined using two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2‐D PAGE). The relative synthesis of proteins of approximately 110‐, 95‐, 90‐, 70‐, 60‐, and 55‐kDa increased in response to a 42°C heat shock. Of particular interest was the identification of apparent isoforms of the heat shock proteins at 110‐, 60‐, and 55‐kDa. The time course of recovery for the hybridoma cell line from heat shock was consistent with previous results for other mammalian cell systems. The effect of elevated agitation rate on cell growth rate, monoclonal antibody production, and intracellular protein synthesis (using 2‐D PAGE) was then examined. Agitation conditions ranging from tissue flask culture (i.e., no agitation) to 400 RPM in a three‐liter bioreactor with a flat‐blade turbine impeller and baffles all resulted in no observed effect on cell growth rate, monoclonal antibody production, or the pattern of intracellular protein synthesis. Next, the effect of sparging was considered. In the absence of any protective agent, cells were lysed by direct sparging. The surfactant Pluronic® F‐68, at a concentration of 0.2% (w/v), provided complete protection from cell lysis due to sparging, with no effect on cell growth, monoclonal antibody synthesis, or the pattern of intracellular protein synthesis. At a Pluronic® F‐68 concentration providing only partial protection from cell lysis (0.01% (w/v)), no effect of sparging was observed on the antibody synthesis rate per viable cell, nor was there any detectable effect on the pattern of intracellular protein synthesis. Finally, the patterns of intracellular protein synthesis were compared for log and stationary phase cells. Significant declines in the basal synthesis rates of the 70‐ and 90‐kDa heat shock proteins (HSC70 and HSP90) were observed as cells entered stationary phase, while the relative synthesis rates of several other proteins increased.
Effects of radiation on the NMR relaxation effects of aqueous solutions of gadolinium contrast agents
Authors: Gultekin David H. , Raidy Thomas E. , Gore John C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe investigate the effects of radiation on aqueous solutions of two common MRI contrast agents based on paramagnetic gadolinium chelates. Aqueous solutions of Gd–DTPA (gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) and Gd–HP‐DO3A (gadoteridol), as well as Gd–DTPA in the presence of concentrations of several common metabolites (N‐acetylaspartate, Choline, Creatine and myo‐inositol) typical of conditions in vivo, were irradiated at dose levels up to 30 Gy using a 6 MV linear accelerator and imaged using a 1.5 T MRI system. In addition, the effects of radiation dose on solution relaxation rates were compared with the effects of temperature by subjecting the same samples to varying temperatures over a range of 4 K using the same experimental conditions and imaging sequences. Radiation caused small increases (1% or less at a dose of 20 Gy) in the relaxivity of solutions. The effects of radiation on relaxivities were orders of magnitude smaller than the effects of temperature over the range in this study. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Chlamydocin by Chelate‐Claisen Rearrangement
Authors: Quirin Christian , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChelate‐Claisen rearrangement of a chiral allylic ester allows the synthesis of the unusual epoxyketo amino acid Aoe found in chlamydocin, one representative of a group of peptide‐based HDAc inhibitors. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A randomized‐response investigation of the education effect in attitudes towards foreigners
Authors: Ostapczuk Martin , Musch Jochen , Moshagen Morten 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWhile negative correlations have often been found between a respondent's education and his attitudes towards foreigners, the reasons for this education effect are still under debate. We examined the hypothesis that the highly educated may not be genuinely less xenophobic, but simply more prone to give socially desirable, xenophile answers in attitude questionnaires. We therefore compared the attitudes of respondents who were either questioned directly or using a cheating detection extension of the randomized‐response technique (RRT). The latter is supposed to yield more honest answers to sensitive questions by experimentally offering the interviewee a higher degree of confidentiality. Under direct questioning conditions, we replicated the education effect; 75% of the highly educated expressed xenophile attitudes, as opposed to only 55% of the less educated. Under randomized‐response conditions, we obtained significantly reduced estimates of 53% for the proportion of xenophiles among the highly educated, and 24% among the less educated, indicating a strong distortion of self‐reported attitudes towards foreigners in both groups. However, a significant proportion of participants disobeyed the RRT instructions regardless of education. Because the education effect was found even after controlling for social desirability, it seems to be a genuine effect, rather than an artefact of a differential response bias. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral weighting for distributed backward propagation image reconstruction in diffraction tomography
Authors: Lee Hua 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe objective of this work is to provide the formulation of the spatial‐frequency weighting of distributed filtered backward propagation in multiple‐projection diffraction tomography. This formulation provides the precise frequency‐weighting characteristics for the generalized tomographic data‐acquisition configurations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 18, 307–309, 2008
Correcting image defects of stained glass windows
Authors: Suganthan S. , MacDonald L. W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe main problem of photographing stained glass windows is setting the correct exposure. An overall average exposure setting frequently results in the highlight areas being overexposed, or dark area being under‐exposed, or both. It is therefore necessary to provide a suitable set of image processing tools to correct the image defects. In this work describe several algorithms to solve this problem of nonuniformity of illumination. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 18, 296–306, 2008
On‐road vehicle detection and tracking based on road context and the ambient lighting adaptive framework
Authors: Kim Sam‐Yong , Oh Se‐Young 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDespite recent active research on vision‐based vehicle detection and tracking, its lack of flexibility hindered practical use in real environments. To be practical, adaptation to various illumination conditions is an essential ingredient. We propose a novel adaptation framework that can improve on this current lighting adaptation using a simple road context, feature arbiter, and a proper feature fusion scheme. In real driving environments, self‐supervised online learning can efficiently segment the road and nonroad regions in front of the host vehicle. Classification into these regions is very important to generate regions of interest (ROIs) for potential vehicle position, that is, road context. It improves on system efficiency by reducing noise and processing time. In our global and local lighting models, the feature arbiter selects an appropriate daytime or nighttime detector for each ROI. And finally, an adaptive fusion framework method can robustly track by selecting or removing the distinctive visual attributes. This system was successfully tested on real road data obtained with various ambient lighting conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 18, 283–295, 2008
Phenyleneethynylene Macrocycle‐Fused Phenylacetylene Monomers: Synthesis and Polymerization
Authors: Kaneko Takashi , Horie Takahiro , Matsumoto Shinji , Teraguchi Masahiro , Aoki Toshiki 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPhenyleneethynylene macrocycle‐substituted acetylenes were synthesized by repetition of the Sonogashira coupling reaction, and the elimination reaction of the terminal acetylene protecting group. The monomers were polymerized with a rhodium catalyst, [Rh(nbd)Cl]2, at the terminal acetylene unit, and the polymerization mixtures were purified by precipitating into methanol to yield the corresponding poly(phenylacetylene) derivatives as yellow‐red powders, which had a high degree of polymerization ($\overline {DP}$ ≈ 500) in spite of their steric bulkiness. The trimethylsilyl and pentamethyldisiloxanyl groups of polymers improved their solubility, and the polymers were soluble in common organic solvents, such as toluene, chloroform and tetrahydrofuran.magnified image
Triphenylamine and Fluorene Based Cationic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Shi Wei , Jiang Xi , Zen Wenjin , Huang Fei , Yang Wei , Liu Ransheng , Cao Yong 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTwo kinds of amino‐functionized, triphenylamine and fluorene based copolymers, PFT‐N and PTFF‐N, were synthesized by palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The corresponding quaternized polyelectrolytes PFT‐NBr and PTFF‐NBr were obtained through post‐polymerization. The quenching behaviors of PFT‐NBr and PTFF‐NBr in methanol were investigated by the titration of Fe(CN). All of these polymers were investigated as emitting layer in multilayer PLEDs. Devices' performance together with electrochemical properties of these polymers indicate that both of the hole and the electron injection capabilities of them were improved due to the simultaneous introduction of the triphenylamine segment and the aminoalkyl (ammonium) group.magnified image
Comparison of the Effects of an Ionic Liquid and Other Salts on the Properties of Electrospun Fibers, 2 – Poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Arumugam Ganesh Kumar , Khan Sourabh , Heiden Patricia A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUnderstanding the effect of conductivity in electrospinning solutions is crucial in order to improve or control the electrospinning process. In this paper the effect of adding small amounts (0.039–0.259 mol · kg−1) of three different conductive additives to aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol has been investigated. The salts were HMICl (a room temperature ionic liquid), TEBAC (a quaternary ammonium salt) and KCl. Addition of these salts caused a steady increase in the solution conductivity but the fiber diameter was typically greater than that of PVA alone, and exhibited an oscillatory trend. The oscillatory trend on the fiber diameter is attributed to fiber backbuilding and fusion that occurs prior to deposition on the collector.magnified image
Activation regimens for full‐term development of rabbit oocytes injected with round spermatids
Authors: Hirabayashi Masumi , Kato Megumi , Kitada Kensaku , Ohnami Naoko , Hirao Masao , Hochi Shinichi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe present study was designed to investigate the effect of activation regimens on full‐term development of rabbit oocytes after round spermatid injection (ROSI). In the first series, rabbit oocytes were treated with 5 µM ionomycin before ROSI, after ROSI, or before and after ROSI. In addition, non‐treated oocytes were subjected to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using ejaculated spermatozoa. Cleavage rate of ROSI oocytes activated before and after ROSI (55%) was comparable with that of ICSI oocytes (60%), and significantly higher than those of ROSI oocytes activated either before or after ROSI (29–39%; P < 0.05). No offspring were produced by transfer of the cleaving ROSI oocytes, while 8% of the cleaving ICSI oocytes transferred gave birth to offspring. In the second series, oocytes were exposed to 5, 10, or 20 µM ionomycin, followed by ROSI, 5 µM ionomycin treatment, and incubation with 5 µg/ml cycloheximide (CHX) + 2 mM 6‐dimethylaminopurine (DMAP). Significantly higher cleavage rates were derived from oocytes activated with 10 and 20 µM ionomycin before ROSI (91% and 82%, respectively; P < 0.05) compared to those activated with 5 µM ionomycin before ROSI (53%). Live offspring were obtained when the cleaving ROSI oocytes with the initial ionomycin treatment at 5 and 10 µM were transferred (offspring rate 2% and 4%, respectively). These activation regimens, however, were not valid for the ROSI using cryopreserved round spermatids. In conclusion, rabbit ROSI oocytes were capable of developing into full‐term when the oocytes were activated with a combined treatment of ionomycin and CHX/DMAP. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 573–579, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advanced pediatric myelodysplastic syndromes: Can immunophenotypic characterization of blast cells be a diagnostic and prognostic tool?
Authors: Veltroni Marinella , Sainati Laura , Zecca Marco , Fenu Susanna , Tridello Gloria , Testi Anna Maria , Merlone Alessandra Di Cesare , Buldini Barbara , Leszl Anna , Nigro Luca Lo , Longoni Daniela , Bernini Gabriella , Basso Giuseppe ,   on behalf of AIEOP‐MDS Study Group
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is mainly based on morphology and cytogenetic analysis. Several efforts to analyze MDS by flow cytometry have been reported in adults. These studies have focused on the identification of abnormalities in the maturation pathway of antigen expression of myelo‐monocytic cells, and characterization of blast populations. Therefore, phenotype has been proposed as a diagnostic and prognostic criterion tool for adult MDS. The current article provides data concerning the blast phenotype in pediatric MDS.ProcedureWe evaluated by multiparameter flow cytometry 26 MDS pediatric patients with more than 2% of blast cells at bone marrow morphological examination (17 de novo MDS and 9 secondary MDS) and 145 pediatric de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases (M3 excluded). As control group, 12 healthy age‐matched donors for allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMD) and 6 regenerating bone marrow samples, collected from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in remission after induction chemotherapy, were studied.ResultsWe identified a blast immunophenotype typically expressed in most MDS cases and a strong correlation between CD7 expression and poor outcome. CD34+ compartment in MDS bone marrow was also analyzed: a significant decrease of B‐cell precursors was detected in MDS patients independent of age.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the blasts phenotypic features can constitute a diagnostic and prognostic tool also for pediatric MDS. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:357–363. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Newborn screening for hemoglobinopathies in California
Authors: Michlitsch Jennifer , Azimi Mahin , Hoppe Carolyn , Walters Mark C. , Lubin Bertram , Lorey Fred , Vichinsky Elliott 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundNewborn screening (NBS) for hemoglobinopathies facilitates early identification of affected individuals to ensure the prompt institution of comprehensive medical care for affected newborns in California. When linked to extensive follow‐up and education, NBS has been shown to significantly reduce mortality in children with sickle cell disease. Due to changing immigration patterns from Asia and Latin America, the State of California has witnessed an increased prevalence of clinically significant hemoglobin (Hb) disorders, including those resulting from novel genotypes. In 1999, newborn screening for Hb H disorders was incorporated in the statewide hemoglobinopathy screening program.ProcedurePrimary screening for hemoglobin variants was performed using high performance liquid chromatography. Confirmatory testing on hemoglobinopathy mutations was performed by electropheresis techniques and genotyping methods.ResultsOf 530,000 newborn samples screened annually in California, 2,118 samples were referred to the Hemoglobin Reference Laboratory (HRL) for confirmatory testing between January 1, 1998 and June 30, 2006 (0.05%). Sickle cell disease was most frequently observed (1 in 6,600 births) followed by α‐thalassemia (1 in 9,000 births) and β‐thalassemia disease (1 in 55,000 births). The confirmatory analysis modified the initial screening in 5% of cases and revealed 25 rare or new genotypes. Diverse ethnicities were associated with hemoglobin mutations including Southeast Asian, Black, Indian/Asian, Middle Eastern, and Hispanic.ConclusionsThe California hemoglobinopathy screening program provides accurate diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. Increasing incidence of diverse mutations require new strategies of laboratory screening, counseling, and patient management. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:486–490. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of nasal reconstruction following tumour resection on psychosocial functioning, a clinical‐empirical exploration
Authors: Moolenburgh Sanne E. , Mureau Marc A.M. , Versnel Sarah L. , Duivenvoorden Hugo J. , Hofer Stefan O. P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective: Total or partial nasal amputation following tumour resection is one of the more severe facial disfigurements. Successful nasal reconstruction can therefore be regarded as restoring a patient's psychosocial health. The objective of this study, therefore, was to evaluate different determinants of patient's psychosocial functioning and their effect on patient satisfaction after nasal reconstruction.Methods: A cross‐sectional study with a case–control study design was conducted. Level of satisfaction with nasal appearance and psychosocial functioning were assessed with validated questionnaires.Results: A total of 30 consecutive patients were recruited. They were treated between November 2001 and May 2005 for (sub)total nasal defects following radical tumour resection. For the control group 99 consented to participate. Social anxiety and avoidance were scored significantly higher within the patient group (p=0.01). Patients cope significantly more passive than controls (p=0.04). Self‐esteem levels did not differ significantly between patients and controls (p=0.22). Determinants of satisfaction with nasal reconstruction were self‐esteem (p=0.0001), active coping strategy (p=0.001), and passive coping strategy (p=0.0001).Conclusion: Nasal reconstruction has an impact on psychosocial functioning of nasal reconstruction patients. In addition, self‐esteem and coping strategy are important determinants of satisfaction with nasal reconstruction, and should be held in mind when treating a patient. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive deficits as long‐term side‐effects of adjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients: ‘subjective’ complaints and ‘objective’ neuropsychological test results
Authors: Weis J. , Poppelreuter M. , Bartsch H. H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective: Various studies have demonstrated that neuropsychological deficits are potential side‐effects of adjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients. To date, little is known about the long‐term development of these deficits and their implications for patients' everyday life.Methods: Within the framework of an intervention study, 90 breast cancer patients after adjuvant chemotherapy were examined at three measurement points. The focus of this article is on the cognitive status at the last measurement point (on average, 9 months after the end of oncological therapy) and, in particular, on the correlations between subjective self‐appraisal and neuropsychological test results.Results: Although the prevalence of neuropsychological deficits significantly decreased as time elapsed after the end of oncological therapy, 21% of our sample group still displayed indications of clinically relevant long‐term cognitive deficits. A sub‐group of severely affected patients showed specific deficits in verbal‐semantic memory and judged their everyday cognitive performance as being extremely poor.Conclusion: The identification of verbal‐semantic memory as a specific problem area has important implications on the planning of future studies with regard to both the examination of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and the specific effects of these deficits on patients' self‐appraisal. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Banking on Fatherhood: pilot studies of a computerized educational tool on sperm banking before cancer treatment
Authors: Huyghe Eric , Martinetti Paul , Sui Dawen , Schover Leslie R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectives: We conducted pilot studies of the feasibility and efficacy of an interactive, computerized educational tool, Banking on Fatherhood (BOF).Methods: Two small randomized trials were conducted, with 20 male cancer patients eligible to bank sperm in Study 1 and 19 oncology fellows or residents in Study 2. In each trial, half of the subjects viewed BOF before completing questionnaires, and half viewed it afterward. Outcome measures included a knowledge test in both trials and a Decisional Conflict scale in the patient trial. All participants, plus a panel of 10 experts, ultimately viewed BOF and completed a form evaluating its usability and value.Results: Patients who completed questionnaires after viewing BOF had significantly less decisional conflict about banking sperm than those who had not viewed it (P=0.0065), but knowledge scores were not significantly different between groups. Physicians who filled out questionnaires after viewing BOF scored significantly higher on the knowledge test (P<0.006). Patients, physicians and experts rated BOF as easy to use, informative and addressing important psychosocial concerns, with videos and animations adding to the value of the educational tool.Conclusion: Pilot studies suggest that BOF is a feasible intervention that could enhance decisions about sperm banking. Research with larger groups is needed to validate its effectiveness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.