bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How taxonomic change influences forecasts of the Linnean shortfall (and what we can do about it)?
Authors: Lessa Thainá , Stropp Juliana , Hortal Joaquín , Ladle Richard J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe gap between the number of described species and the number of species that actually exist is known as the Linnean shortfall and is of fundamental importance for biogeography and conservation. Unsurprisingly, there have been many attempts to quantify its extent for different taxa and regions. In this Perspective, we argue that such forecasts remain highly problematic because the extent of the shortfall does depend not only on the rates of exploration (sampling undescribed taxa) on which estimates have been commonly based but also on the rates of taxonomic change (lumping and splitting). These changes highly depend on the species concepts adopted and the information and methods used to delimit species. Commonly used methods of estimating the number of unknown species (e.g. discovery curves, taxon ratios) can underestimate or overestimate the Linnean shortfall if they do not effectively account for trends and rates of taxonomic change. A further complication is that the history of taxonomic change is not well documented for most taxa and is not typically available in biodiversity databases. Moreover, wide geographic and taxonomic variation in the adoption of species concepts and delimitation methods mean that comparison of estimates of the Linnean shortfall between taxa and even for the same taxon between regions may be unreliable. Given the high likelihood of future taxonomic changes for most major taxa, we propose two main strategies to consider the influence of taxonomic change on estimates of unknown species: (i) a highly conservative approach to estimating the Linnean shortfall, restricting analysis to groups and regions where taxonomies are relatively stable and (ii) explicitly incorporating metrics of taxonomic change into biodiversity models and estimates. In short, relevant estimates of the number of known and unknown species will only be achieved by accounting for the dynamic nature of the taxonomic process itself.
Sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption and periodontitis among adults: A population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Alves‐Costa Silas , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Peres Marco A. , Li Huihua , Costa Susilena Arouche , Ribeiro Cecilia Claudia Costa , Leite Fábio Renato Manzolli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimInvestigating the association between sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) and periodontitis and whether the awareness of diabetes modifies this relationship.Materials and MethodsCross‐sectional analysis was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data involving US adults aged 30–50. Periodontitis was classified according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American Academy of Periodontology (CDC‐AAP), and SSB consumption as dichotomous (<5 or ≥5, <7 or ≥7 and <14 or ≥14 times/week), ordinal and continuous variables. Confounders included family income poverty ratio, education, race/ethnicity, sex, age, food energy intake, smoking and alcohol. Odds ratios (ORs) were obtained by logistic regressions using inverse probability weighting. Effect modification analysis was performed considering self‐reported diabetes.ResultsAmong 4473 cases analysed, 198 self‐reported diabetes. SSBs were associated with periodontitis when individuals consumed ≥5 (OR 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30–2.06), ≥7 (OR 1.92; 95% CI = 1.50–2.46) and ≥14 (OR 2.19; 95% CI = 1.50–3.18) times/week. The combined effect of consuming SSBs (≥5 and ≥14 times/week) and self‐reported diabetes had less impact than the cumulative effect.ConclusionsSSB consumption was associated with higher odds of periodontitis, and the estimates were reduced among those with awareness of diabetes.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on gastric surgery in Japan: A nationwide study using interrupted time‐series analyses
Authors: Fujita Misuzu , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Nagashima Kengo , Suzuki Kiminori , Kasai Tokuzo , Hashimoto Hideyuki , Onouchi Yoshihiro , Sato Daisuke , Fujisawa Takehiko , Hata Akira 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and AimChanges in the number of surgeries for gastric cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic have been reported, but data are insufficient to understand the impact at the national level. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on gastric surgery in Japan.MethodsInsurance claims data registered from January 2015 to January 2021 were used. Changes in the number of endoscopic resections and gastrectomies for gastric cancer were estimated using an interrupted time‐series analysis.ResultsThe number of endoscopic resections significantly decreased in July 2020 (−1565; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2022, −1108) and January 2021 (−539; 95% CI: −970, −109), and the number of laparoscopic surgeries significantly decreased in July 2020 (−795; 95% CI: −1097, −492), October 2020 (−313; 95% CI: −606, −19), and January 2021 (−507; 95% CI: −935, −78). Meanwhile, the number of open gastrectomies remained unchanged, and the number of robot‐assisted gastrectomies steadily increased since their coverage by public health insurance in April 2018.ConclusionsThe decreased number of endoscopic resections and laparoscopic surgeries in Japan suggests a decline in early‐stage gastric cancer diagnosis, likely due to the suspension of gastric cancer screening and diagnostic testing during the pandemic. Meanwhile, the number of open and robot‐assisted gastrectomies remained unchanged and increased, respectively, indicating that these applications were not affected by the pandemic‐related medical crisis. These findings highlight that procedures for cancer diagnosis, including screening, should still be provided during pandemics.
Functional genomics of Brassica napus: Progress, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Tan Zengdong , Han Xu , Dai Cheng , Lu Shaoping , He Hanzi , Yao Xuan , Chen Peng , Yang Chao , Zhao Lun , Yang Qing‐Yong , Zou Jun , Wen Jing , Hong Dengfeng , Liu Chao , Ge Xianhong , Fan Chuchuan , Yi Bing , Zhang Chunyu , Ma Chaozhi , Liu Kede , Shen Jinxiong , Tu Jinxing , Yang Guangsheng , Fu Tingdong , Guo Liang , Zhao Hu 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBrassica napus, commonly known as rapeseed or canola, is a major oil crop contributing over 13% to the stable supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide. Identification and understanding the gene functions in the B. napus genome is crucial for genomic breeding. A group of genes controlling agronomic traits have been successfully cloned through functional genomics studies in B. napus. In this review, we present an overview of the progress made in the functional genomics of B. napus, including the availability of germplasm resources, omics databases and cloned functional genes. Based on the current progress, we also highlight the main challenges and perspectives in this field. The advances in the functional genomics of B. napus contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying the complex agronomic traits in B. napus and will expedite the breeding of high quality, high resistance and high yield in B. napus varieties.
A multiscale model for wood combustion
Authors: Hao H. L. , Qin R. Y. , Chow C. L. , Lau D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding wood combustion has become increasingly critical as fire safety engineering moves toward a performance‐based approach to building design. Although different kinetic models have been developed for wood burning, chemical kinetics remains a significant challenge for accurate prediction. This work has developed a novel multiscale model by implementing kinetic parameters calculated from molecular dynamics simulations using reactive forcefield into a kinetic model of wood burning. The calculated kinetic parameters of the main components in wood, namely, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, are first utilized to model microscale thermogravimetric experiments for validation. Subsequently, the mesoscale and full‐scale fire tests have been simulated by the multiscale model. Furthermore, the fire properties of various wood species at different heat fluxes have been predicted and compared with results from the cone calorimeter test. Our multiscale model outperforms existing kinetic models in predicting wood combustion and can effectively discern the influence of chemical components on fire properties.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder prevalence is high in children with gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia
Authors: Kaul Isha , Burton‐Murray Helen , Musaad Salma , Mirabile Yiming , Czyzewski Danita , van Tilburg Miranda A. L. , Sher Andrew C. , Chumpitazi Bruno P. , Shulman Robert J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) prevalence in children with gastroparesis (Gp) and/or functional dyspepsia (FD) is unknown. We aimed to identify ARFID prevalence and trajectory over 2 months in children with Gp, FD, and healthy children (HC) using two screening questionnaires. We also explored the frequency of a positive ARFID screen between those with/without delayed gastric emptying or abnormal fundic accommodation.MethodsIn this prospective longitudinal study conducted at an urban tertiary care hospital, patients ages 10–17 years with Gp or FD and age‐ and gender‐matched HC completed two validated ARFID screening tools at baseline and 2‐month follow‐up: the Nine Item ARFID Screen (NIAS) and the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview‐ARFID Questionnaire (PARDI‐AR‐Q). Gastric retention and fundic accommodation (for Gp and FD) were determined from gastric emptying scintigraphy.Key ResultsAt baseline, the proportion of children screening positive for ARFID on the NIAS versus PARDI‐AR‐Q was Gp: 48.5% versus 63.6%, FD: 66.7% versus 65.2%, HC: 15.3% versus 9.7%, respectively; p < 0.0001 across groups. Of children who screened positive at baseline and participated in the follow‐up, 71.9% and 53.3% were positive 2 months later (NIAS versus PARDI‐AR‐Q, respectively). A positive ARFID screen in Gp or FD was not related to the presence/absence of delayed gastric retention or abnormal fundic accommodation.Conclusions & InferencesARFID detected from screening questionnaires is highly prevalent among children with Gp and FD and persists for at least 2 months in a substantial proportion of children. Children with these disorders should be screened for ARFID.
Gestures of neighbor‐love: Literature, philosophy, and givenness
Authors: Hron Irina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article explores the literary, philosophical, and phenomenological dimensions of neighbor‐love. Phenomenologically speaking, neighborly love must be given, that is, it must be given voluntarily through attitudes, actions, or gestures. But whom do we actually acknowledge as our neighbor, and why? Adopting a comparative literary approach, this paper argues that literature is not philosophy's adversary but its creative interlocutor: Ilse Aichinger's poem “Foundling” transcends anthropocentric perspectives, presenting the Neighbor as a being beyond denomination by translating it from human to animal. Doris Lessing's novel The Diary of a Good Neighbour depicts the unpredictable and accidental nature of encounters with the Neighbor, leaving no room for personal choice. Ultimately, Amélie Nothomb's Les catilinaires illustrates how the Neighbor can be a persistent annoyance that both irritates and resists systematic thinking. These literary works outline a nuanced poetics of neighbor‐love and givenness that extends beyond any anthropological, theological, or religio‐ethical concept.
Symbolic threat from the West, belief in pro‐Kremlin conspiracy theories, and attribution of blame for the war in Ukraine: A two‐wave longitudinal study
Authors: Šrol Jakub , Čavojová Vladimíra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this two‐wave longitudinal study, we examined the sense of symbolic threat from the West and Russia as ideological roots of motivated belief in pro‐Kremlin conspiracy theories and the attribution of blame to Russia, the United States, and Ukraine for the war in Ukraine. Participants (N = 690) completed questionnaires on symbolic threat from the West and Russia, belief in pro‐Kremlin conspiracy theories about the war in Ukraine as well as generic anti‐West and anti‐Russian conspiracy theories, and blame for the war in Ukraine. The sense of symbolic threat from the West and pro‐Kremlin conspiracy beliefs predicted each other in time and were substantially associated with increased blaming of Ukraine and the United States for the war in Ukraine. Conversely, symbolic threat from Russia along with the rejection of pro‐Kremlin conspiracy theories predicted increased blaming of Russia over time. Motivated reasoning analyses suggested that the ideological link between the symbolic threat from the West and belief in anti‐West conspiracy theories was stronger than the one between symbolic threat from Russia and belief in anti‐Russian conspiracy theories. This suggests an existence of self‐reinforcing relationship between the deep‐rooted sense of symbolic threat and anti‐West conspiracy theories which is exploited by various political actors.
Cohort profile: The Copenhagen Analgesic Study—The COPANA cohort
Authors: Fischer Margit Bistrup , Mola Gylli , Scheel Lone , Wraae Katrine Bak , Rom Ane Lilleøre , Frederiksen Hanne , Johannsen Trine Holm , Almstrup Kristian , Sundberg Karin , Hegaard Hanne Kristine , Juul Anders , Hagen Casper P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDevelopment of the gonads during fetal life is complex and vital for adult reproductive health. Cell and animal studies have shown an alarming effect of mild analgesics on germ cells in both males and females. More than 50% of pregnant women use mild analgesics during pregnancy, which potentially could compromise the reproductive health of the next generation.ObjectivesWe present a research protocol designed to evaluate the effect of prenatal exposure to mild analgesics and endocrine‐disrupting chemicals on gonadal function in the offspring.PopulationHealthy, singleton pregnant women and their partners.DesignThe COPANA cohort is a prospective, observational pregnancy and birth cohort.MethodsParticipants were enrolled during the first trimester of pregnancy. Information on the use of mild analgesics was collected retrospectively 3 months prior to pregnancy and prospectively every 2 weeks throughout the study. We collected extensive data on lifestyle and reproductive health. Biospecimens were collected in the first trimester (maternal and paternal urine‐ and blood samples), in the third trimester in conjunction with a study‐specific ultrasound scan (maternal urine sample), and approximately 3 months post‐partum during the infant minipuberty period (maternal and infant urine‐ and blood samples). A comprehensive evaluation of reproductive function in the infants during the minipuberty phase was performed, including an ultrasound scan of the testis or ovaries and uterus.Preliminary ResultsIn total, 685 pregnant women and their partners were included between March 2020 and January 2022. A total of 589 infants (287 males) and their parents completed the follow‐up during the minipuberty phase (December 2020—November 2022).ConclusionsThe Copenhagen Analgesic Study holds the potential to provide novel and comprehensive insights into the impact of early and late prenatal exposure to mild analgesics and other endocrine‐disrupting chemicals on future reproductive function in the offspring.
The decline of the non‐Hispanic white population in the United States of America
Authors: Verdugo Richard R. , Swanson David A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe question of a declining non‐Hispanic white (NHW) population has sparked debate in the United States. In examining this question, three bodies of research have emerged. One group reports that the decline is real, a second argues that it is an illusion, and the third provides evidence that the decline is concentrated within socio‐economic segments of the NHW population. We use the third groups’ insight as the starting point for our research objective.MethodsIn conjunction with data from Census Bureau sources, we use a series of Regression Models in this inquiry.ResultsOur results show that the decline of the NHW population is real and related to factors embedded in the institutional anomie theory (IAT) framework.ConclusionsWe conclude that the IAT framework is a suitable approach for examining the question of NHW population decline. However, we suggest that future research consider refining our approach by: (1) using sub‐state areas as the units of analyses; (2) examining changes in the NHW population relative to lagged changes in the IAT framework at both the state and sub‐state levels; (3) placing our framework into an “algorithmic modeling approach” that employs machine learning; and (4) developing anomie predictors.
Telo boxes within the AGAMOUS second intron recruit histone 3 lysine 27 methylation to increase petal number in rose (Rosa chinensis) in response to low temperatures
Authors: Lu Jun , Wang Weinan , Fan Chunguo , Sun Jingjing , Yuan Guozhen , Guo Yuhan , Yu Xinyu , Chang Yufei , Liu Jinyi , Wang Changquan 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYThe petals of rose (Rosa sp.) flowers determine the ornamental and industrial worth of this species. The number of petals in roses was previously shown to be subject to fluctuations in ambient temperature. However, the mechanisms by which rose detects and responds to temperature changes are not entirely understood. In this study, we identified short interstitial telomere motifs (telo boxes) in the second intron of AGAMOUS (RcAG) from China rose (Rosa chinensis) that play an essential role in precise temperature perception. The second intron of RcAG harbors two telo boxes that recruit telomere repeat binding factors (RcTRBs), which interact with CURLY LEAF (RcCLF) to compose a repressor complex. We show that this complex suppresses RcAG expression when plants are subjected to low temperatures via depositing H3K27me3 marks (trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3) over the RcAG gene body. This regulatory mechanism explains the low‐temperature‐dependent decrease in RcAG transcript levels, leading to the production of more petals under these conditions. Our results underscore an interesting intron‐mediated regulatory mechanism governing RcAG expression, enabling rose plants to perceive temperature cues and establish petal numbers.
Prediction of the Influence of the Inlet End-Wall Boundary Layer on the Secondary Flow of a Low Pressure Turbine Airfoil Using RANS and Large-Eddy Simulations
Authors: Gisbert Fernando , Cadrecha David , Apoita Patxi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper analyzes the effect of the inlet end-wall boundary layer on the secondary flow of a low pressure turbine airfoil cascade at Reynolds number 2 × 105 using RANS and implicit large-eddy simulations (LES). The results are compared against experimental data obtained at two low-speed linear cascade facilities, one located at the Whittle Laboratory of the University of Cambridge and the other at the Polytechnic University of Madrid. The RANS turbulence model is the k−ω−γ−Reθt and no sub-grid scale model has been used in the LES. An unstructured mesh of hexahedra and prisms is used, with high order elements used in the boundary layer region to better describe the airfoil shape in the LES. Two inlet end-wall boundary layers that produce different secondary flow patterns are analyzed: a laminar thin velocity profile and a turbulent thick velocity profile with several inlet turbulent intensities. The agreement between LES numerical predictions and experimental measurements of the position and intensity of the secondary vortices is very good for both cases. RANS simulations are much cheaper in terms of computational cost and reasonably predict most of the flow features, except when the inlet turbulence is low and turbulent transition prediction becomes critical. The effect of the inlet velocity profiles and inlet turbulence on the secondary flow structure is quite pronounced. The velocity profile thickness determines the spanwise penetration of the passage vortex, and different inlet turbulence intensities modify its mixing. Higher inlet turbulence intensities lead to a decrease of the secondary losses due to the passage vortex and an increase of end-wall losses.
Improving Drill-String Extended Reach Efficiency in High-Temperature and High-Pressure Conditions: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Abdo J. , Haneef M. D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Drill string buckling behavior is of interest to the oil and gas industries. Buckling severity increases as drilling continues and causes a lock-up condition beyond which drilling cannot commence. The friction force between the drill string and the wellbore is key in influencing drill string buckling initiation and progression. Herein, the effects of adding nano-sepiolite (NSP) as an additive to water-based drilling fluids on the friction between the drill string and wellbore wall were investigated. Various samples with different sizes and compositions of NSP were tested for their ability to reduce the coefficient of friction (COF) that delays the onset of buckling to facilitate deep drilling by providing improved lubrication characteristics. The drill string sinusoidal and helical buckling and lock-up condition and the axial force transfer (AFT) were experimentally investigated. The water-based drilling fluids’ lubricity, COF between the drill string and the wellbore wall, and the stability of the rheological properties of the NSP-modified water-based drilling fluids containing 1–6 wt% NSP were tested in a high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) environment utilizing an in-house experimental setup. Sepiolite in nano-form at 4 wt% and with a size distribution of 30–60 nm improved the stability of the water-based drilling fluids rheology, significantly decreased the COF of the water-based drilling fluids, and improved the drill string axial force transfer. NSP additives significantly improved the COF and the drill string AFT in the HTHP environment compared with that of other commercial drilling fluids.
An Approach to Capturing Residual Energy From the Subway System: Methodological Considerations
Authors: Sánchez-Orgaz Susana , Muñoz-Antón Javier , Tadeo-Cañete Marina , Rodríguez-Martín Javier 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Urban heating and cooling demands account for a significant portion of global energy consumption. It is crucial to explore new energy resources and innovative solutions to meet environmental targets. Urban infrastructures like data centers, water networks, and tunnels move and collect energy, in some cases residual energy, that is valuable because of its proximity to consumers. The novelty of this work lies in the exploration of utilizing the accumulated residual heat that is not used in subway air to improve the energy efficiency of urban areas. The work focuses on the potential use of this residual heat by the installation of heat pumps in subway platforms or tunnels. By installing a heat pump on subway platforms or tunnels, this residual heat can be efficiently utilized for heating demand or producing domestic hot water. A general methodology for assessing the performance of such air source heat pumps in the subway context is presented. The calculation of the coefficients of performance (COP) and seasonal coefficients of performance (SCOP) calculation is outlined, with a detailed example illustrating the methodology. The paper emphasizes a comparative analysis between the proposed system and a traditional heat pump using ambient air, highlighting the advantages of the proposed approach. Finally, the paper concludes with a brief analysis of the different effects of refrigerants on the system performance for the same boundary conditions. Results are promising, increasing the energy efficiency of big cities and reducing CO2 emissions.