bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferromagnetically Coupled Binuclear Iron(III) Complexes and Antiferromagnetically Coupled Binuclear Copper(II) Complexes. The Importance of the Metal-O-Metal Angle
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Kakuta Yoshihisa , Kawano Kouichi , Tokii Tadashi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Binuclear iron(III) and copper(II) complexes with N-salicylidene-2-hydroxy-5-chloro(or bromo)benzylamine (H2L), [Fe2(L)2(CH3COO)2]·2THF (THF = tetrahydrofuran) and [Cu2(L)2(DMSO)2]·2DMSO (DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide) have been prepared and characterized by X-ray structure analysis and magnetic susceptibilities (80–300 K).
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Water-Soluble Cerium(III) or Praseodymium(III) Mono[tetra(4-pyridyl)-porphyrinate] and Cerium(IV) Bis[tetra(4-pyridyl)-porphyrinate]
Authors: Jiang Jianzhuang , Machida Ken-ichi , Yamamoto Eiji , Adachi Gin-ya 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Water-soluble lanthanoid mono- and bisporphyrins, Ln(TPyP)acac (Ln = Ce, Pr) and Ln(TPyP)2 (Ln = Ce) [TPyP = tetra(4-pyridyl)-porphyrin, acac = acetylacetone] were synthesized by refluxing Ln(acac)3·nH2O (Ln = Ce, Pr) and H2TPyP in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The complexes were characterized based on UV/vis absorption and 1H-NMR spectra, respectively.
Controlled Formation of CdS Particles in Multibilayer Cast Films of Amphiphilic Cyclams
Authors: Kimizuka Nobuo , Miyoshi Takanori , Ichinose Izumi , Kunitake Toyoki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Quantum sized cadmium sulfide particles were prepared by reaction of H2S gas with Cd2+-cyclam complexes preorganized in cast multibilayer films. The particle size was affected by the chemical structure of the bilayer component as well as by phase transition characteristics.
Novel Conversion of Selenium-containing Five-membered Aromatics to Nitrogen-containing Six-membered Aromatics via Hetero Diels–Alder Reaction with Acetylenic Dienophiles
Authors: Takikawa Yuji , Hikage Shigeki , Matsuda Youichi , Higashiyama Kazuyuki , Takeishi Yoshiyuki , Shimada Kazuaki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Treatment of selenium-containing five-membered heteroaromatics with acetylenic dienophiles afforded several nitrogen heterocycles in good to moderate yields by using thermal reaction conditions. These reactions were thought to proceed through sequential [4+2] cycloaddition-selenium extrusion pathway.
Transition Metal Complexes of 1,1′-Bis(2-pyridyl)ferrocene. A Cationic Rhodium(I) and a Silver(I) Complex. Preparation and Structure
Authors: Tani Kazuhide , Mihana Takeshi , Yamagata Tsuneaki , Saito Taro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The first transition metal complexes of 1,1′-bis(2-pyridyl)ferrocene (1), a cationic rhodium(I) complex, [Rh(cod)(1)]ClO4, (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene) and a silver(I) complex, [Ag(1)ClO4]2, were prepared and characterized. X-Ray crystallographic analysis of the silver complex revealed that the complex is a dinuclear highly distorted five-coordinate Ag(I) complex with bridging perchlorate ligands, one of rare examples of five-coordinate Ag(I) complexes.
Participation of the Lowest Excited Singlet States of 9-Bromoanthracene and 9,10-Dibromoanthracene for Their Photochemical Debrominations by Amine (Triethylamine or N,N-Dimethylani1ine) in Acetonitrile
Authors: Nagamura Toshihiko , Nakayama Toshihiro , Hamanoue Kumao 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
From measurements of fluorescence and triplet-triplet absorption spectra of bromoanthracenes in acetonitrile-amines, it is concluded that bromoanthracene radical anions produced by a reaction of the lowest singlet states of bromoanthracenes with amines are the intermediates for the debrominations.
Structures and Dynamics of Alkali Ion-exchanged ZSM-5 as Investigated by Molecular Dynamics and Computer Graphics
Authors: Miyamoto Akira , Matsuba Katsuhiko , Kubo Momoji , Kawamura Katsuyuki , Inui Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Molecular dynamics method using a simple two-body interatomic potential was found to be effective for reproducing the structures of silicalite with the MFI structure and CaNaA zeolite. This method was also effective for estimating the cation position in alkali ion-exchanged ZSM-5.
Reactivities of Carbonyl Compounds in Acid-Catalyzed Hydride Transfer vs. Electron Transfer
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Fujita Morifumi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Rate constants for acid-catalyzed hydride-transfer reactions from triethylsilane to a series of carbonyl compounds are compared with those for acid-catalyzed electron transfer from the excited state of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ to the same series of carbonyl compounds in the presence of HClO4 in acetonitrile at 298 K.
Cyclization of 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-1-pentyl p-Toluenesulfonate as a Model to Evaluate Inherent Medium Effect on SN2 Solvolysis
Authors: Shimizu Nobujiro , Tsutsumi Toru , Tsuno Yuho 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Solvent effect on the cyclization of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-pentyl p-toluenesulfonate, a mechanistic equivalent to the SN2 solvolysis, was successfully analyzed by the Taft LSER equation as log k = 3.2π* + 1.4α + 1.9β − 8.36, indicating that three independent factors are operative, i.e., solvent polarity and H-bond donor ability which promote ionization, and H-bond acceptor ability which enhances nucleophilicity of the internal OH group.
Solid Electrolyte CO2 Sensor Using NASICON and Li-based Binary Carbonate Electrode
Authors: Yao Sheng , Hosohara Sachio , Shimizu Youichi , Miura Norio , Futata Hozumi , Yamazoe Noboru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A solid electrolyte CO2 sensor was developed by combining an Na+ conductor and a Li-based binary carbonate auxiliary electrode represented by Li2CO3–CaCO3 (1.8 : 1 in molar ratio: eutectic mixture). It responded to CO2 quickly and reversibly, following a Nernst equation excellently in the CO2 concentration range 102–105 ppm. In addition, Li2CO3–CaCO3 electrode was found to be stable to deliquescence even when kept under a highly humid condition at 30 °C for more than 700 h.
Selective Mono-Alkylation and Arylation of Dichlorobenzenes by Palladium-Catalyzed Grignard Cross-Coupling
Authors: Katayama Tatsuo , Umeno Masayuki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Palladium(II)–phosphine complexes, especially PdCl2(dppf) where dppf stands for 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, are effective catalysts for the cross-coupling of Grignard reagents with dichlorobenzenes to produce selectively mono-alkylated and arylated benzenes. The addition of ligands is also effective for the cross-coupling of Grignard reagents containing a β-hydrogen(s).
Risk factors of postpartum depression and EPDS scores in a group of Nigerian women
Authors: Owoeye A O , Aina O F , Morakinyo O 
Published: April 2006

A sample of 252 women was studied for postpartum depression (PPD) in a 68-bed maternity hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. After obtaining consent, they were assessed using: (1) a questionnaire on socio-demographic profile and risk factors of PPD; (2) the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and when necessary with (3) the depressive module of International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10). The cohort was predominantly young (mean age 28.5 - 5.26 years). About one-quarter (23%) scored -12, (the cut-off score) on EPDS assessment; with majority of these depressed on further evaluation with ICD-10. The risk factors for PPD were found to be mainly psychosocial, including unwanted pregnancy, unemployment and marital conflict. It is concluded that PPD is a major complication of childbirth in Nigeria, which can be minimized by improving both the citizens' socioeconomic condition and providing cheaper and more efficient health-care services.
HIV-TB: epidemiology, clinical features and diagnosis of smear-negativeTB
Authors: Keshinro Babajide , Diul Mukadi Ya 
Published: April 2006

TB remains an important public health problem in the world that has been exacerbated by the HIV epidemic. In 2000, while 9% of new TB infections worldwide were attributable to HIV, in Sub-Saharan Africa - a region with higher HIV prevalence - about 31% of newTB cases were attributable to HIV. Clinical presentation of TB in HIV-infected individuals depends on the severity of the suppression of immunological functions. In patients in early stages of HIV infection, TB clinical presentation resembles that of HIV-negative individuals with more pulmonary involvement and localized lesions. With the progressive suppression of immunological functions, TB tends to be more generalized affecting more than one organ. Classic TB symptoms are non-specific and may result in delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Diagnosis of smear negative pulmonary TB is based on clinical and radiological features. Sputum culture and rapid diagnostic tests based on polymerase chain reaction can be used where available.
Percutaneous needle pleural biopsies in pleural effusion of uncertain aetiology in a Nigerian teaching hospital
Authors: Ezemba N , Eze J C , Anyanwu C H 
Published: April 2006

Clinical observation shows that most of the patients with pleural effusion of undetermined aetiology in a Nigerian teaching hospital receive antiTB drug trials. This observation prompted the authors to evaluate the role of percutaneous needle pleural biopsy as a diagnostic tool in effusions of uncertain aetiology. Thirty-seven patients with pleural effusion of uncertain aetiology were investigated by percutaneous pleural biopsies using Abrams pleural biopsy needle over an 18-month period. In 34, the aetiology was established giving a sensitivity of 92%. Non-specific pleurisy/empyema remains the commonest cause of effusion (41%), followed closely by malignancies (29.4%) and TB pleurisy (22%), respectively. Percutaneous needle pleural biopsies establish diagnosis of malignancy in 91% of the cases with 72% of the malignancies originating from the lung. There is a significant association between malignancy and pleural effusion of uncertain aetiology in patients above 40 years of age ( P = 0.022). The empirical use of antiTB drugs in the absence of investigative results suggestive of the diagnoses should be discouraged. Instead concerted effort should be made to establish the cause of such effusion.
Cardiopulmonary manifestations of typhoid fever: a prospective analysis of 65 cases in Iran
Authors: Esmailpour Negin , Rasoolinejad Mehrnaz , Abdolbaghi Mahboobeh Haji 
Published: April 2006

For an evaluation of cardiopulmonary manifestations in typhoid in Iran, we studied 65 patients with positive blood or bone marrow culture for Salmonella typhi during a 2-year period. Cardiac complications were seen in 4.6% (myocarditis, pericarditis, pulmonary emboli) and pulmonary complications in 6.2%.
Sex Difference in the Antiplatelet Effect of Aspirin in Patients with Stroke
Authors: Cavallari Larisa H , Helgason Cathy M , Brace Larry D , Viana Marlos AG , Nutescu Edith A 
Published: April 2006

Background: There is substantial interpatient variability in response to aspirin after an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), as assessed by ex vivo effects of aspirin on platelet aggregation. The factors contributing to this variability are not well defined. Objective: To determine whether demographic, social, or clinical characteristics are associated with ex vivo response to aspirin in patients with a history of stroke or TIA. Methods: Eighty-one patients who were taking aspirin for secondary stroke prevention and underwent ex vivo platelet aggregation studies were identified. The medical records of eligible patients were reviewed by clinicians who specialize in the management of stroke patients. Characteristics were compared between 45 patients who had a complete response to aspirin and 36 patients who exhibited an incomplete (partial) response to aspirin based on the results of platelet aggregation testing. Results: The median (range) aspirin dose was similar in complete (325; 81–1950 mg/day) and partial (325; 81–1300 mg/day) responders. There was no association between aspirin response and age, race, body mass index, medical history, smoking status, or use of statin or hormone replacement therapy. However, sex was significantly associated with response to aspirin, with more women in the partial versus complete responder group (75% vs 49%; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Our data suggest that aspirin may be less effective at inhibiting platelet aggregation in women compared with men who have a history of ischemic stroke or TIA.
Analysis of Error in Pavement Ground Truth Indicators for Evaluating the Accuracy of Automated Image Collection and Analysis System
Authors: Lee H , Kim J 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to present the Automated Image Collection System (AICS) and Manual Image Analysis System (MIAS) as “ground-truth” for evaluating Automated Image Collection System (AICS) and Automated Image Analysis System (AIAS) for highway asset management. The proposed “ground-truth” is evaluated with respect to its repeatability against a traditional “ground-truth” procedure based on Manual Distress Collection System (MDCS) and Manual Distress Analysis System (MDAS). To capture digital images automatically, a vehicle mounted with a digital video camera was driven on the pavement test section. To determine the repeatability of MIAS, the images were evaluated by three individuals twice per individual. To determine the repeatability of MDCS/MDAS, the same individuals were asked to evaluate the same pavement section in the field twice per individual. Repeatability on three crack types was evaluated for two survey methods and three individuals. Overall, the average relative precisions of AICS/MIAS-based procedure by three individuals were 10, 8, and 19 % for longitudinal, transverse, and block cracks, respectively, whereas those of MDCS/MDAS-based procedure were 43, 45, and 41 % for longitudinal, transverse, and block cracks, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed AICS/MIAS-based “ground-truth” measurements can be considered as more repeatable by human operators than MDCS/MDAS-based “ground-truth” measurements.
Ignition of a Composite Cylinder with Plastic Liner
Authors: Barthélémy H 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
An increasing number of composite cylinders are being used every year to store and transport compressed gases. These cylinders are very efficient, since a large quantity of gas can be transported at a relative low total weight compared to the traditional steel and aluminum cylinders. The most efficient composite cylinders are the cylinders that have plastic liners. The main applications are where the weight savings are important, such as cylinders for self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) used by firemen. In this paper, we describe an accident which occurred in France. A fireman was killed by the explosion of such a cylinder during use; the accident was attributed to the violent reaction of the oxygen (contained in the compressed air) with the plastic liner. In the paper, the ignition mechanisms are investigated and recommendations are provided to avoid any repetitions of such an accident.
On Piste Fatalities in Recreational Snow Sports in the U.S
Authors: Shealy JE , Johnson RJ , Ettlinger CF 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
This study documents fatalities and risk factors in alpine winter sports. The authors have tracked all known fatalities (n = 854) occurring to recreational skiers and snowboarders within the boundaries of ski resorts in the United States since January 1978 through the winter of 2004/05. Data are limited to trauma deaths. Medical emergency deaths, deaths to employees, and deaths involving uphill lift facilities were excluded. Fatality data came from three sources: the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), the National Ski Areas Association (NSAA), and public news sources. Information concerning the accident, the injury, and the equipment used, were recorded. Data on skier and snowboarder resort utilization and demographic variables were obtained from NSAA annual reports. This particular analysis covers the 14 seasons 1991/92 through 2004/05. Five hundred sixty-two deaths were recorded; 97 to snowboarders and 465 to skiers during 761 million resort visits. During that time, helmet utilization went from essentially zero to 33.2% for the general at-risk population. The fatality rate for skiers was 0.75 deaths per million visits (D/MV), and the snowboarder rate was 0.53 D/MV. These rates have not changed significantly over time. Most fatalities occurred to experienced males between the ages of 18 to 43. The most common scenario is a severe head injury resulting from high speed impact with a tree on or beside an intermediate trail. During the three most recent seasons, the known average prevalence of helmet utilization was 38.7% among the fatally injured. Helmet utilization does not appear to affect fatality incidence, but it does shift primary cause of death patterns, from mostly head injuries for those not using a helmet to mostly chest and torso for those wearing a helmet. The fatality rate for alpine skiers remained significantly higher than for snowboarders. The demographic profile of the fatally injured remained unchanged from previous research.
Micro-Plastic Material Model and Residual Fields in Rolling Contacts
Authors: Popescu G , Gabelli A , Espejel GM , Wemekamp B 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
This paper describes a model for the prediction of micro-plastic material transformation and associated residual stress field development in bearing steels during over-rolling. The high and mainly hydrostatic pressure field induced by the rolling element load, leads to the development of micro-plastic deformation in the subsurface layer of the rolling contact. The resulting plastic strain distribution gives rise to an associated self-equilibrating residual stress field that can be experimentally quantified using X-ray diffraction methods. A novel three-dimensional elastic-plastic over-rolling solution is used to evaluate the plastic strains and material transformation. Central to this plastic contact formulation is the incremental approach to deal with nonlinear material behavior. The Prandtl-Reuss constitutive equations in conjunction with Huber-Mises-Hencky yield criterion and Ramberg-Osgood strain-hardening relationships are applied to describe the plastic behavior of common hardened bearing steels. A nonlinear isotropic law is applied to describe the transformation of the retained austenite during stress cycles and changes in the strain-hardening behavior of the material microstructure. Application of this model with an incremental solution scheme based on the Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) gives good convergence properties and fast solution for each cycle. Comparison between experimentally obtained residual stresses and stress fields derived from the present micro-plastic contact model, indicates good agreement. Numerical simulations, carried out to derive the maximum operating contact pressures in the elastic regime are also in agreement with published data. The model opens new possibilities in the evaluation of steels and heat treatments used in rolling bearings. Furthermore, this micro-plastic contact model may help the interpretation of the load history leading to a given pattern of residual stress measured in bearing rings.
Durability Test Analysis in a Passenger Vehicle Damper Spring Tower
Authors: Palma ES , Martins MGM 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The current technology for durability qualification of the damper spring tower component of a passenger vehicle is presented. The methodology was based on durability experiments performed on actual components mounted on a vehicle. Stresses acting on the component were experimentally measured by using rosette strain gages. Durability tests were performed over two different public road surfaces. Fatigue damage assessment was performed and the life of the component was estimated.
Multi-Depth Deflectometer Dynamic Response Measurements under Simulated New Generation Aircraft Gear Loading
Authors: Gopalakrishnan K , Thompson MR , Manik A 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn this paper, the comparative effect of dual-tridem (Boeing 777) and dual-tandem (Boeing 747) gear trafficking is studied on the Multi-Depth Deflectometer (MDD) responses of two medium-strength subgrade flexible test sections at the National Airport Pavement Test Facility (NAPTF). Using the MDD response-time histories and in-depth displacements obtained under repeated traffic loading, the results were investigated in terms of rebound (recovered) and residual (unrecovered) displacements in the pavement and in the subgrade. The resilient behavior of the NAPTF flexible pavement sections were characterized by analyzing the MDD rebound response data. The results showed that the rebound surface displacements were significantly influenced by changes in asphalt concrete surface layer temperature. Analysis of transverse distributions of MDD rebound surface displacements revealed multiple-wheel load interaction effects. In general both the rebound and residual (and hence the maximum total) displacements are approximately equivalent for both the dual-tridem and dual-tandem gears.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Critically Involved in Thermal-Experience-Dependent Developmental Plasticity
Authors: Katz Adi , Meiri Noam 
Published: April 2006

All species exhibit critical period for sensory development, yet very little is known about the molecules involved in the changes in the network wiring that underlies this process. Here the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the critical period of thermal control establishment in chicks was investigated.Neuroanatomically, the body temperature is balanced by the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) and controlled by thermosensitive neurons. Exposure to hot or cold conditions during the critical period of temperature control development causes a plastic change in the ratio between heat- and cold-sensitive cells and can modulate temperature tolerance.It was found that expression of BDNF mRNA but not of NGF or neurotrophin-3 was induced in the PO/AH of 3-d-old chicks during both heat and cold exposure. The peak of BDNF induction in both heat and cold exposure occurred after 6 h, with, respectively, threefold and sevenfold increases in its mRNA expression.To prove the concept that BDNF activation is a critical step in thermal-experience-dependent plasticity, BDNF was “knocked down” using antisense. It was found that, when BDNF in the PO/AH was inhibited by 80% during the third postnatal day, thermal establishment was impaired, and, after 1 week, the chicks’ body temperature was reduced by 0.5°C. Furthermore, later in life, their reaction to thermal challenge was altered, and they exhibited a pronounced reduction in their ability to maintain their body temperature and body weight under harsh conditions. Together, these results prove that BDNF is critically involved in thermal-experience-dependent development.