bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient electromagnetic fields due to dipole antennas located near an infinite perfectly conducting cylinder
Authors: Suzuki Toshinori , Uno Toru , Adachi Saburo , Mashiko Takunori 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFor full‐fledged applications of radar imaging of buried objects by using electromagnetic waves, it is important to analyze theoretically and experimentally the fundamental problems such as the scattering of the electromagnetic wave by various objects and the electromagnetic wave propagation from the antenna above the ground into the ground.As the first step toward such a goal, this paper studies the transient electromagnetic fields scattered by an infinite perfectly conducting circular cylinder placed near a dipole antenna in free space. First, the transient electromagnetic fields are calculated rigorously for the case where one dipole antenna is placed in parallel to a conducting cylinder. Furthermore, geometrical optics approximation also is derived.From the computed results, it is shown that the transient scattered field can be interpreted as the total sum of the scattered fields corresponding to optical paths. It is shown also that the geometrical optics approximation is extremely accurate in the backscattering region important for the analysis of inverse scattering problems such as the detection of a buried object. Next, the transient transmission and reception responses are analyzed theoretically in the case where two dipole antennas are placed in parallel to the circular cylinder and its validity is confirmed by experiments.
Performance analysis of polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistor based on a model of depletion layer width modulation at grain boundaries
Authors: Shinohara Toshiro , Asada Kunihiro , Sugano Takuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAlthough polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistors (TFT) are now being used widely in many application fields, the detailed operation mechanism is not well understood quantitatively based on the microstructure, the small polycrystalline grain structures.This paper discusses a new modeling method which is used to analyze TFT dc‐characteristics numerically under wide operation conditions, wide ranges of device temperature, drain current including subthreshold characteristics, source‐drain voltage and channel lengths.The model is based on the depletion layer width modulation mechanism (corresponding to the grain boundary barrier height modulation) by taking into account the charge conservation law and thermionic emission current theory.The model requires just two fitting parameters; trap density in the grain boundaries and an effective channel width standing for the grain boundary meandering. Numerically estimated dc‐characteristics showed good agreements with experimental results of P‐channel accumulation model TFT's for a wide range of the device operation conditions and several different channel length devices without changing the fitting parameters, except for strongly saturated current regions.
Compensation for nonlinear properties in a liquid crystal lens with variable focal length
Authors: Nose Toshiaki , Sato Susumu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA liquid crystal lens has a unique feature in that its focal length can continuously be varied between the values for the ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray by varying the applied voltage. However, the focal length begins to increase at the threshold voltage and saturates gradually as the applied voltage increases.In this paper, attempts are made to compensate or linearize the nonlinear properties of the liquid crystal lens. That is, transmission properties of a guest‐host cell or properties of the capacitance of a homogeneously aligned liquid crystal cell are used. Then the compensation is made by using their inverse functional signals as a driving voltage since these liquid crystal cells have properties similar to those of the liquid crystal lens.The driving voltage for the compensation can be produced by using a simple system with the liquid crystal cell in an electric circuit. Then the nonlinear properties of the lens can be improved. The temperature dependence of the compensation properties of this system and that of the liquid crystal lens show that the compensation is also effective for the temperature dependence. This is because the output voltage from the driving circuit varies to compensate the temperature dependence of the liquid crystal lens.
Electromagnetic wave scattering by a conducting strip—spectral domain analysis
Authors: Uchida Kazunori , Noda Takeaki , Matsunaga Toshiaki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses rigorously the problem of scattering of an infinitely long strip conductor with an infinitesimal thickness illuminated by a plane electromagnetic wave with an arbitrary incident angle and an arbitrary polarization angle. The spectral domain method is used for the analysis. Numerical calculations are carried out for the scattered far field and the current distributions by discretization based on the sampling theorem.To reduce the computation time required for numerical integrations, the Weber‐Schafheitlin integral formula is introduced to the principal terms and the convergence is improved. According to the numerical results, accurate results are obtained for the far field and the current distributions for the strip width as wide as 10 wavelengths.
Photochemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride and fabrication of thin‐film transistor
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhiko , Kuroiwa Koichi , Kamisako Koichi , Tarui Yasuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSilicon nitride (SiNx) films were deposited by photochemical vapor deposition using a low‐pressure mercury lamp and the dependence of the film quality on the deposition condition was investigated. In addition, a thin‐film transistor (TFT) was formed by the continuous deposition of SiNx and hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) films.The on/off ratio of the transistor was about seven orders of magnitude and the field effect mobility was 1.4 cm2/V.s. These results indicate that the photochemical vapor deposition is an excellent low‐temperature method for forming films with an excellent interface property.
Analysis of voltage‐resonant push/pull converter considering leakage inductance in the transformer
Authors: Yaginuma Takao , Onda Kenichi , Matsuda Yasuo , Amano Hisao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractConventional analyses of voltage‐resonant push/pull converters do not agree with experimental results, since the analyses give a constant resonant frequency and output voltage independent of the output current while in experiments they change.This paper analyzes this type of converter taking into account the leakage inductance of the transformer, which has been ignored in the conventional analysis. It was found that the main cause of the fluctuations is parasitic oscillation due to the leakage inductance of the transformer.This paper describes the changes quantitatively and gives a method for general representation of the fluctuations in relation to the load current. It was also found that these changes can be avoided by choosing either a large coupling coefficient or a large resonant current.
A chip select access time measurement method for high‐speed MOS static RAM
Authors: Nishimura Yasumasa , Tanaka Koji , Ichinose Katsuki , Nakano Takao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWith the advance of high‐speed LSI memory devices, a longer testing time is required for accurate measurement of the access time. For accurate testing, the accuracy of the access time measurement must be improved. Although the timing accuracy of the memory tester has been improved, the accuracy of the measurement is still insufficient for testing high‐speed devices.This paper considers the chip‐select access time of the high‐speed MOS static RAM (SRAM), and proposes a method for accurate measurement using a commercial memory tester. The input signal forcing‐time to the SRAM under measurement is corrected considering the GND bounce generated by SRAM.The transmission line is terminated on the load side by the same resistance as the characteristic impedance of the transmission circuit, so that the ringing is reduced in the pulse transmission from the SRAM output terminal to the memory tester comparator.Comparing the output data with ringing suppression and the output waveform under the standard output loading, the access time select point is determined. Applying the proposed method to the commercial memory tester, the chip‐select access time is measured with the expected accuracy of 1 ns or less. To realize a further accurate measurement, several points are raised concerning the design of high‐speed MOS SRAM.
Frequency‐domain analysis method using eigenvalues and eigenvectors for switched circuits
Authors: Oota Ichirou , Ueno Fumio , Inoue Takahiro , Eam Tan Sin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWith the recent development of computers, it has become possible to design a circuit by computer (CAD), which is very convenient and labor‐saving for the circuit designer. It is more beneficial from the viewpoint of time and money in the design stage to examine the operation and performance of the circuit by simulation rather than by experiment.On the other hand, in the analysis of the switching circuit, different circuit equations in the same number as the number of states must be solved, according to whether the switches are on or off. Consequently, the analytical procedure is very complex and lengthy.With this background, this paper proposes a new method for the analysis of the switching circuit in the frequency domain, using eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Using the case of analysis of Ćuk converter and a step‐down switched capacitor transformer as examples, the proposed method is compared with the conventional state‐space averaging method.The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated and has the following features: (1) the strict solution is derived for each state equation through z‐transform. Consequently, a more accurate result of analysis is obtained than by the state‐space averaging method; (2) it is not required to derive an equivalent circuit with state‐space averaging, as in SPICE2; and (3) only the final value of the state is calculated using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. This reduces the computation time compared with the method by numerical integration.
Optical transient spectrum analyzer (OTSA) with high time‐resolution
Authors: Sato Kiminori , Nagasawa Yoji , Sone Hideaki , Takagi Tasuku 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTo analyze optical sources with time‐varying spectra, an optical transient spectrum analyzer (OTSA) with high time resolution is developed. In the spectrum analyzer, the dispersive light is focused on the CCD by a lens and each pixel of the CCD is made to correspond to one spectrum line.It is possible to realize wavelength resolutions between 0.2 and 0.63 nm by changing the optical elements. Variations of extraction pixels of CCD allow time resolutions between 23 μs and 1 ms. Therefore, various applications (such as optical source analyzing systems) are expected.The data from CCD are A‐D transformed and stored in a floppy disk. Therefore, it becomes possible to discuss the characteristics of the optical sources quantitatively. Finally, as an example, the transient mode‐hopping phenomenon of a semiconductor laser is time resolved with high speed and its three‐dimensional (3‐D) observation is presented.
Analysis of coplanar lines utilizing the finite difference time‐domain technique
Authors: Shibata Tsugumichi , Sano Eiichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe full‐wave analysis methods in the time domain including the finite‐difference time‐domain method are promising as general‐purpose analysis techniques for three‐dimensional structures. They have been applied extensively to microstrip line circuits; and, in this paper, they are extended to coplanar line circuits and the finite‐difference time‐domain method is applied to the analysis of coplanar lines considered important as the configuration element for uniplanar monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC).The analysis results are presented for the transmission line parameters of the coplanar waveguides and coplanar strips, models for open ends and short‐circuited ends, characteristics of the T‐junction and the effect of the air bridges. Using these analyses, the possibility of applications is proven. In addition, the points to be noted and future subjects are studied so that the method can be extended as a tool for the CAD of the MMICs.
Stress control and characterization of tungsten sputtered films for X‐ray mask absorber
Authors: Nikoh Hideo , Hidaka Yoshiharu , Todokoro Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe deposition condition of rf‐sputtered tungsten with low stress for an X‐ray absorber and the mechanism of the stress in the film will be described. The stress in the film becomes compressive or tensile, depending on Ar pressure during sputtering. The stress behavior can be explained by the lattice expansion due to the incorporation of Ar, the columnar film structure, and the change of the crystalline structure.Low stress films suitable for an X‐ray mask absorber can be reproduced by thermally treating a β‐W which is deposited under Ar pressure below 35 mtorr, at temperatures below 400°C.
Fabrication of semiconductor tactile imager
Authors: Esashi Masayoshi , Shoji Shuichi , Yamamoto Akira , Nakamura Katsutoshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTo realize a robot with a high degree of functions, pressure sensors are essential. In particular, a tactile imager with a high density of pressure sensors must be developed. To efficiently withdraw information from numerous sensors and to minimize wirings from the sensors, it is necessary to install a switching circuit on each sensor. For these reasons, a semiconductor sensor is the most suitable.In this study, we fabricated a semiconductor tactile imager with 64 silicon piezoelectric pressure sensors on a flexible substrate. Although all 64 sensors did not function, the basic characteristics and efficiency of the device were evaluated.The dimensions of each sensor were 2 mm × 2 mm. The sensor contained a switching circuit with diodes and was assembled on a flexible printed wiring board. Therefore, this device could be mounted on a curved surface and have a strong resistance to external force. Because the area of the pressure‐sensitive resistors was air‐tight, the device was resistant to water. This device also could be produced by batch process and did not require any additional fabrication process.
Millimeter‐wave integrated circuits using nonradiative dielectric waveguide
Authors: Yoneyama Tsukasa 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the NRD guide (nonradiative dielectric waveguide) proposed as a new type of dielectric transmission line for millimeter‐wave integrated circuits. After the operation principle and the modes of the NRD guide are explained briefly, the nonradiative and low‐loss nature of practical importance are confirmed experimentally. Next, the behavior of the transmitted wave in a bend is studied. Configurations and characteristics of typical NRD guide circuit elements, such as a matched terminator, a directional coupler, a circulator, a beam lead diode mount and a Gunn diode oscillator also are discussed. Using these circuit elements, a transmitter and a receiver are fabricated at 35 GHz and their performances are evaluated. The dimensions of the transmitter and the receiver are as compact as 68 mm × 66 mm and 85 mm × 75 mm in area, respectively. The output power of the transmitter is 10 mW and the temperature coefficient of the frequency is 0.57 ppm/°C. The temperature coefficient of the receiver also is as small as −0.76 ppm/°C. The noise figure is measured to be 10.6 dB. This value is obtained by using Si diodes in the mixer. Finally, as particular applications of the NRD guide, a filter, a power divider, and a leaky‐wave antenna are described.
A study on a BiCMOS 10‐bit video sample and hold IC
Authors: Sugimoto Yasuhiro , Tsugaru Kazunori 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the sample‐and‐hold IC to be placed in front of the 10‐bit serial‐parallel analog/digital converter (ADC). The realization of an IC in operation with a +5‐V single supply is discussed, considering the integration with ADC and the system‐on‐chip implementation in the future. The buffer circuit with a configuration based on NPN and PNP complementary elements is employed. The combination of PMOS and NPN elements is newly devised and applied, as a way to realize the high‐speed PNP element.Applying 1.2‐μm BiCMOS process to this circuit, IC is constructed and evaluated. As a result, the performances of maximum operating frequency 40 MHz, the signal‐to‐noise ratio of 63 dB for the 8‐MHz full‐scale signal input, the acquisition time of 20 ns for 1‐V step input, D.G. of less than 1 percent and D.P. of less than 0.5° are obtained. Thus, the sample‐and‐hold IC with the single voltage supply and 10‐bit accuracy is realized.
Altering the paradigm for theory building and research in human resource development
Authors: Marsick Victoria J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOrganizational life is messy, complex, and characterized by multiple causes and effects. It consists also of routine operations in which predictable cause‐and‐effect relationships prevail. What paradigms (unified perspectives that underlie practice, theory building, and research) are correct for studying organizational life, especially human resource development? Many theorists in HRD and other areas are reevaluating the ways in which they explain phenomena. In effect, the paradigms are shifting. Victoria Marsick explains for HRD professionals the traditional paradigm—logical positivism (better known as behaviorism or stimulus‐response theory)—and alternative paradigms, especially naturalistic inquiry (often illustrated by systems thinking, cybernetics, and the organization described as the brain center). She poses the ultimate question: What is more important for HRD—rigor or relevance? Marsick suggests a focus for HRD on paradigms that place a higher value on the effective interpretation of multiple realities, self‐organizing systems for learning that are linked to performance, and the interconnectivity of a learning, working community. Reality is an evolving plan, despite researchers' programmed attempts at predicting and controlling it.
QWL improves worksite quality: Success rates in a large pool of studies
Authors: Golembiewski Robert T. , Sun Ben‐chu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractYes, quality of work life (QWL) applications do work, and they continue to work over time. Robert Golembiewski and Ben‐chu Sun studied 231 applications of QWL (from bibliographies, journals, books, unpublished reports, dissertations, theses, and so on) that were conducted over twenty‐two years (1965‐1987). The success rates for four major classes of QWL (human processual, sociotechnical systems, technostructural, and combined), which encompass fifteen separate types, were substantial for hard‐criteria effects as well as for soft changes, such as those in attitudes, opinions, and self‐reports about worksite features. This article explains the outcomes, predictions, limitations, and perhaps the biases of their research. Despite minor inadequacies in design the authors remain adamant about the success of QWL—so much so that they recommend greater reliance on its techniques.
Rhetorical rules and organization‐cultures: Identification, maintenance, and change
Authors: Shapiro George L. , Schall Maryan S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWhat do rhetoric and organizations have in common? Organizations, like rhetoric, can be understood and managed as systems of values and beliefs that underlie the ways members and groups try to influence others. Organizations can be studied as rhetorical cultures, because both are guided by the symbols used to induce cooperation. This article illustrates these and other similarities between rhetoric and organization and suggests ways to identify and manage organization‐cultures.
Strategies for facilitating self‐directed learning: A process for enhancing human resource development
Authors: Manz Charles C. , Manz Karen P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article combines theories of self‐directed learning, self‐leadership, and self‐efficacy to explore ways of facilitating adult learning and human resource development. The authors propose an integrated framework, open to testing, that combines experiential learning, behavioral modeling, elimination of threat, and persuasion as mechanisms for enhancing self‐efficacy perceptions, self‐leadership skills, and ultimately adult learning and application.
A taxonomy of individual learning benefits from external knowledge‐sharing meetings
Authors: Vance Charles M. , Boje David M. , Mendenhall Mark E. , Kropp H. Richard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSeveral knowledge‐sharing and problem‐solving roundtable groups, composed primarily of marketing executives from Fortune 500 companies, were studied through participant observation, analysis of audiotapes of the meetings, and unstructured follow‐up interviews. Ten categories of potential learning benefit were identified through theme analysis: (1) new knowledge, (2) conditions for discovery and insight, (3) colleague resource networks, (4) awareness of information resources, (5) broad knowledge base, (6) new cognitive skills, (7) definition and clarification of terminology, (8) confirmation of thought, (9) awareness of knowledge deficits, and (10) self‐comparison of professional competence. These ten benefits were then classified into three major domains (information access, cognitive development outcomes, and self‐evaluation) and analyzed for taxonomy development.
The intricacies of training and development in Japan
Authors: Lindberg Karen J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn an attempt to uncover the “secrets” of Japanese training and development, the author discovered that Japan's approach to training has historically been influenced by human resource development systems modeled in the West. To account for differences in Japanese and Western work force productivity, the author identifies several cultural constructs that shape learning and work behaviors in Japanese organizations. These constructs include ideologies, educational systems, government policy, economic systems, and employment practices. The author concludes that Japanese training and development cannot be defined solely by technique; it is intricately related to ideologies and philosophies espoused by the culture in which it is implemented. Though these constructs may also serve as barriers to training, the purpose of this article is to show, from a historical perspective, how they have helped Japanese organizations achieve excellence in manufacturing and service.
Exploring how HRD managers differ from other managers
Authors: Kirk James J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHRD and non‐HRD managers are compared in terms of (1) perceived success, (2) career expectations, (3) perceived marketability, (4) perceived visibility to top management, (5) perceived speed of career advancement, (6) time spent on nonmanagerial duties, (7) career success factors, and (8) work values. Data were collected using a sixty‐three‐item mailed questionnaire. Independent t tests revealed that HRD managers were more visible to top management, spent more time on nonmanagerial tasks, attributed more of their career success to their college degrees, and attached greater importance to a job that allowed them to do different things. The findings have implications for managers thinking of moving into the HRD field.