bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evolutionary and interpretive perspective to knowledge management
Authors: Vorakulpipat Chalee , Rezgui Yacine 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to provide a review of knowledge management (KM) literature by adapting and extending McElroy's KM generations model.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws from a range of KM research published in the academic and trade literature. An interpretive stance is adopted to provide a holistic understanding and interpretation of organizational KM research and related knowledge management systems (KMS) and models.FindingsTo be effective organizations need not only to negotiate their migration from a knowledge sharing (first generation) to a knowledge creation (second generation) culture, but also to create sustained organizational and societal values. The latter form the third generation KM and represent key challenges faced by modern organizations. A true value creation culture is nurtured through a blended approach that factors a number of perspectives to KM, including human networks, social capital, intellectual capital, technology assets, and change processes.Research limitations/implicationsThe interpretive approach adopted throughout the review is limited to, and focused on, understanding the implementation and organizational implications of KM initiatives and technology.Originality/valueWhile value creation focuses on the organizational and societal impact of knowledge management, the paper describes how human networks, social capital, intellectual capital, technology assets, and change processes emerge as essential conditions to enable knowledge value creation.
The influence of KM on global corporations' competitiveness
Authors: Karaszewski Robert 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is the evaluation of largest corporations' position in the world's economy and the influence of basic knowledge elements on building the competitive potential of the global business leading corporations. The main objective of this research is to analyze the empirical material obtained from Fortune Global 500 corporations, and the impact of basic knowledge elements on building a company's international competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe research project incorporated surveys and interviews from the Fortune Global 500 corporations (2003 version).FindingsThe findings of the research carried out among the world's business leaders clearly indicate that knowledge management does influence companies' international competitiveness. Functioning in the global economy without efficient management is the same as drifting in a boat with no compass on boundless oceans. However, according to the research outcome, not all knowledge resources are necessary for reaching the purpose. It appears that the key to success is not primarily skilful management of endless knowledge, but the ability of directing activity to those knowledge resources which are critical for the organization's economic operations.Originality/valueThe paper examines the influence of basic knowledge elements on building a competitive potential for a corporation and conditions of management that have an impact on competitiveness.
Requirement for knowledge management: business driving information technology
Authors: Ray Loye (Lynn) 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe paper aims to provide a roadmap for organizations to implement a knowledge management system that reduces loss of critical information and improves data retrieval.Design/methodology/approachThe focus is on how to devise and implement a knowledge management system where information is sorted by definition, business requirements, and implementation.FindingsThe paper provides information for defining information sources and simplifying data retrieval. It recognizes the need to collect and retain corporate information through cooperation of knowledge workers. Centralized storage and retrieval of information is critical to knowledge management.Originality/valueThis paper provides insight and help in eliminating loss of corporate knowledge when skilled workers leave or retire.
Fraud and money laundering: the evolving criminalization of corporate non‐compliance
Authors: Masters John L. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe Corporate Veil is seen not only as a means of limiting individual civil legal liability but also criminal liability. This paper seeks to highlight that this philosophy is fast approaching breaking point, and practices which once may have been considered “just business” are now considered criminal. Innocuous companies, their directors and officers have all of a sudden become sitting ducks for criminal prosecution and asset seizure. Corporations potentially risk metaphorical death sentences: their human controllers being labelled and treated as common criminals and accordingly disgraced, incarcerated and confiscated of a lifetime of accumulated wealth. This paper targets the “directing minds and wills” of companies and aims to invoke thought and action on redefining the notion of corporate compliance.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of recent innovations in mostly UK law regarding fraud and money laundering, with historical comparisons to show the changing community and legal perceptions – “the evolution”. There is also case study analysis and recent examples of community attitudes towards recent high‐profile commercial prosecutions.FindingsThat there is a definite change in how the public, lawmakers and governments perceive corporate non‐compliance, to the extent that most breaches qualify as criminal offences and that due to mutual legal assistance and incentivisation schemes, the risks to corporations and its officers are extremely high and real.Practical implicationsCorporations will need to be genuine about legal compliance beyond merely espousing platitudes and motherhood statements and more towards reinventing the compliance paradigm. This means that merely concentrating on strict legal compliance will no longer suffice. Corporations will need to establish and regularly revisit their values, with more emphasis on embedding a culture of compliance that is attuned to domestic and international community values. To choose to ignore these needs, risks the very existence of the company and also its officers being ostracised both commercially and criminally.Originality/valueTraditionally, papers on this topic tend to concentrate on strictly legal or managerial issues. This paper looks at the issue from a more criminological perspective whilst not compromising legal analysis and business pragmatism, thus allowing an integration of disciplines in a context that can be appreciated by lawyers, managers and social scientists alike.
Methods for evaluating hospital information systems: a literature review
Authors: Aggelidis Vassilios P. , Chatzoglou Prodromos D. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeIt is widely accepted that the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in the healthcare sector offers great potential for improving the quality of services provided, the efficiency and effectiveness of personnel, and also reducing organizational expenses. This paper seeks to examine various hospital information system (HIS) evaluation methods.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper a comprehensive search of the literature concerning the evaluation of complex health information systems is conducted and used to generate a synthesis of the literature around evaluation efforts in this field. Three approaches for evaluating hospital information systems are presented – user satisfaction, usage, and economic evaluation.FindingsThe main results are that during the past decade, computers and information systems, as well as their resultant products, have pervaded hospitals worldwide. Unfortunately, methodologies to measure the various impacts of these systems have not evolved at the same pace. To summarize, measurement of users' satisfaction with information systems may be the most effective evaluation method in comparison with the rest of the methods presented.Practical implicationsThe methodologies, taxonomies and concepts presented in this paper could benefit researchers and practitioners in the evaluation of HISs.Originality/valueThis review points out the need for more thorough evaluations of HISs that look at a wide range of factors that can affect the relative success or failure of these systems.
Creativity in entrepreneurship education
Authors: Yar Hamidi Daniel , Wennberg Karl , Berglund Henrik 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use social cognitive theory to investigate entrepreneurial intent among participants in graduate entrepreneurship programs. Specifically, the authors test whether students' creative potential is related to their intention to engage in entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachTheoretically derived hypotheses are tested using multiple and ordinal regression analyses.FindingsHigh scores on a creativity test and prior entrepreneurial experiences are positively associated with entrepreneurial intentions, whereas perception of risks has a negative influence.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors' theoretical predictors of entrepreneurial intention received strong support, indicating that creativity should be considered in models of entrepreneurial intentions. However, the use of intentions as dependent variable has its own weaknesses in that it may not distinguish between “dreamers” and “doers”.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that exercises in creativity can be used to raise the entrepreneurial intentions of students in entrepreneurship education. Heterogeneity in creative styles among students also points to the problems of a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach to entrepreneurship education.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to investigate the importance of creativity in entrepreneurship education and theoretical models of entrepreneurial intentions.
The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial outcomes
Authors: Matlay Harry 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the impact that entrepreneurship education can have on entrepreneurial outcomes. The author aims to investigate the perceived influence that various entrepreneurship education courses have had on a cohort of 64 graduate entrepreneurs from eight HEIs in the UK.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured, in‐depth telephone interviews were conducted annually over a ten year period (1997 to 2006) to document, measure and analyse respondent progression from graduation and into entrepreneurship.FindingsResults indicate that graduate needs for entrepreneurship education do not match actual outcomes in terms of entrepreneurial skills, knowledge and attitudes. This mismatch influences an entrepreneur's perceptions of actual and future educational needs. Most of the graduate entrepreneurs, however, seem to be satisfied with the outcomes of their entrepreneurship education, both in relative and in absolute terms.Practical implicationsThe findings provide valuable insights for educators, policy makers and graduate entrepreneurs. Stakeholders could use this study to make better choices in relation to the education of future graduate entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThis study provides an empirically rigorous insight into a relatively neglected area of entrepreneurship education research. It provides valuable longitudinal data for stakeholders involved in both the supply and the demand side of the entrepreneurship education process.
Proximity and collaboration: measuring workplace configuration
Authors: Gordon Brown M. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how to measure workplace configuration, show its application in, and the results of, a field experiment aimed at improving collaborative knowledge work and identify and discuss larger problems involved with research on workplace configuration.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews recent thought on density, proximity and problems with evaluating configuration. It then describes a method of spatial network analysis used in a field experiment involving the reconfiguration of a workplace. This is followed with a discussion of recent research on knowledge work from economic geography.FindingsIt was found that, instead of increasing it, the reconfigured workplace decreased collaborative activity. The spatial network analysis shows how this occurred.Research limitations/implicationsThis method of spatial network analysis, when used carefully, is a robust technique for analyzing and comparing spatial configuration. Further research needs to address the links between spatial proximity and information and communications technologies as well as the relation of types of knowledge bases and associated forms of proximity that can stimulate collaboration.Practical implicationsWhile spatial network analysis methods are not do‐it‐yourself tools, corporate real estate managers should employ them, especially in larger‐scale projects, before committing to final workplace designs. They can also use them to identify and map best spatial patterns (like best practices) to identify strategic spatial patterns.Originality/valueThis appears to be the first rigorous application of spatial network methods in a field experiment involving a real workplace. The paper shows the method can clearly extract and discriminate spatial network patterns underlying configurations and relate them both quantitatively and graphically to employee evaluations of collaborative performance. It introduces concepts of comparative knowledge bases that need to be understood in determining the types of collaboration needed in a workplace.
A combined perspective of corporate real estate
Authors: Hiang Liow Kim , Ingrid Nappi‐Choulet 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss three corporate real estate (CRE) perspectives (business, financial and capital market) as well as some potential issues, supported by key research studies and evidence drawn from listed retail companies in the USA, and European and Asian countries; as real estate has always been recognized as a key value driver in the retail industry.Design/methodology/approachA significant amount of capital is locked‐up in CRE by business firms, and so this paper analyzes the role of CRE from a combination of three perspectives: business, financial and capital market. These three CRE perspectives are discussed and some important issues reviewed, supported by key research studies and evidence drawn from listed retail companies in the USA and in European and Asian countries.FindingsArising from the review and perspectives offered in this paper, it is evident that performance measures are required to assess how CRE are being used and perceived by management and investors from the business, financial and capital market perspectives. This combined approach helps position the strategic role of the CRE in the context of “whole firm” that reflects the integration of trading and real estate activities.Practical implicationsWith an effective CREAM system endorsed by top management, the CRE' s potential contribution and incremental performance can be factored into the financial plans of the “property‐rich” retail firms and appropriately reflected in corporate valuation.Originality/valueThis paper offers combined business, financial and capital market perspectives to assess the role of CRE in listed retail firms. Evidence and important issues in relation to the three perspectives are reviewed and evaluated.
The impacts of employee stock bonus on the value relevance of earnings per share
Authors: Lin Ching‐Hsiang , Wang Wanncherng 
Published: May 2008

PurposeIn Taiwan, an employee stock bonus (ESB) was accounted for as an earnings distribution rather than an expense – a remnant of the dominance of tax law over accounting standards. To enhance the usefulness of accounting information, the Securities and Futures Bureau (SFB) requires that public companies disclose imputed earnings per share (EPS) by deducting ESB from net income for the financial reporting, effective 30 January, 2003. Although the SFB‐imputed EPS considers ESB as firm expense, it ignores the resultant inflated number of shares outstanding. Therefore, it is expected that the disclosed ESB underestimates the dilutive effects of ESB and limits the intended purpose of the ESB disclosure. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how ESB dilutes EPS and how the SFB‐imputed EPS biases the price‐earnings relation.Design/methodology/approachTheoretical analyses and empirical tests.FindingsFirst it was analytically illustrated that: the SFB‐imputed EPS, compared with the proposed EPS measure, underestimates the dilutive effects of ESB; the SFB‐imputed EPS downwardly biases the price‐earnings relation; and the proposed EPS preserves the relation between stock price and earnings. Controlling for firm growth and ESB issuance, empirical results were obtained that are generally consistent with the hypotheses. The SFB‐imputed EPS yields downward‐biased estimates of price earnings multiples. The downward bias is exacerbated as the dilution of ESB increases.Originality/valueThe proposed measurement of diluted EPS reflects the dilutive effect of ESB, upholds the price‐earnings relationship, and offers accounting standard‐setters a useful perspective for thinking about the dilutive effects of ESB.
Research note: how the financial styles of managers impact financial and valuation metrics
Authors: Ted Prince E. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal a new contribution to behavioural finance that focuses on individuals rather than groups.Design/methodology/approachResearch is based on field studies with executives utilizing an assessment instrument to identify and measure their financial traits. The approach to the topic is to present the underlying model of financial traits and show how they add another dimension to behavioural finance approaches.FindingsThe model identifies three financial styles, each of which comprises three financial signatures. Each of the financial signatures leads to characteristic financial decisions with specific valuation outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is in its early stages. It requires larger sample sizes and needs to be conducted across industries and different cultures. Its implications are that can be predicted the financial performance and valuation of companies by knowing the financial styles of their leaders and managers, and also their financial cultures.Practical implicationsPractical implications are that this work can be used as a new method for valuing companies, for stock analysis and for portfolio analysis and valuation. It can also be used as a basis for M&A, to assess the financial alignment of companies conducting M&A and the likely chances of success.Originality/valueThe paper shows a totally new way to assess the valuation outcomes of individuals, teams and companies based purely on their behavioural financial traits.
Lanchester resurgent? The mathematics of terrorism risk
Authors: Powers Michael R. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this editorial is to consider whether or not the classical “Lanchester equations” of military combat are useful for modeling the financial risks associated with contemporary terrorist attacks.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins by describing Lanchester's original model and its realm of applicability; then identifies shortcomings of the original equations, which, having been aggravated by differences between classical military combat and modern terrorist engagements, impede the application of the Lanchester paradigm in today's world. Finally, the paper explores whether or not these obstacles can be overcome by appropriate extensions of Lanchester's mathematical theory.FindingsThe principal result is that the Lanchester equations may be extended in a very natural way to include stochastic elements, difficult‐to‐quantify components, and various force asymmetries, thereby enabling the modeling of engagements between conventional and terrorist forces. Specifically, a family of diffusion processes is proposed to capture the terrorists' progress toward destroying a target, and provide a method for explicitly calculating the probability of target destruction.Originality/valueThe editorial seeks to model a category of catastrophe risk – terrorist attacks – for which the current mathematical literature (both military and financial) is somewhat limited.
A general defender‐attacker risk model for networks
Authors: Al Mannai W.I. , Lewis T.G. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a competitive defender‐attacker risk model that assumes a dual exponential relationship between defender (Ci) and attacker (Ai) resource allocation: vi(Ai,Ci)=e−αici−e−αiCi−γiAi.Design/methodology/approachNetwork risk is defined in terms of degree sequence, g, node/link damage, d, and probability of failure, v: R=∑gividi. The paper finds the optimal allocation of resources (Ai, Ci) that minimizes R from the defender's point of view, and maximizes R from the attacker's point of view.FindingsThe effectiveness of the optimal min‐max strategy is compared with three allocation strategies: random, non‐network, and network. It is shown that total network risk is minimized by the non‐network strategy, because this strategy considers damage values and ignores network topology in the definition of risk.Originality/valueThe method is illustrated by applying it to critical infrastructure – a hypothetical water‐and‐power network.
Immunization without duration for on‐line learning
Authors: Yen Eva C. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show that the duration‐based hedge ratio has many serious defects: first, the yield‐to‐maturity is not the market interest rate, and it cannot even serve as a proxy for the market interest rate. Second, it is difficult to choose an appropriate bond for hedging among available bonds and to calculate duration. Third, duration can only be applied to small changes of interest rate. If there is a large change in interest rate, a duration‐based hedge's performance may be worse than expected. The paper proposes an improving method to solve these problems.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed design is a model‐driven enterprise system.FindingsThe proposed system integrates the complex risk management into the enterprise architecture. It can merge, import, and share resource related data across managements.Originality/valueThe paper shows how to manage the risk from both parallel and non‐parallel shifts of interest rates in the proposed system.
The pond for markets: social and local
Authors: Mainelli Michael 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to offer a commentary on new stock exchanges in the financial markets.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is a critical commentary on new exchanges in the market and how they continue to evolve.FindingsExisting exchanges need to continue to evolve though the key task for exchanges remains “to think global, act local, be social.”Originality/valueThis commentary reflects on how established exchanges and investment focused on the global market where as newer established have found their place by not neglecting the local markets. It also offers an insight into the future of stock exchanges across the globe.