bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin Response in Relation to Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Goedecke Julia H. , Dave Joel A. , Faulenbach Mirjam V. , Utzschneider Kristina M. , Lambert Estelle V. , West Sacha , Collins Malcolm , Olsson Tommy , Walker Brian R. , Seckl Jonathan R. , Kahn Steven E. , Levitt Naomi S. 
Published: February 2009

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to characterize differences in the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) relative to insulin sensitivity (SI) in black and white premenopausal normoglycemic South African women matched for body fatness.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cross-sectional analysis including 57 black and white South African women matched for BMI, SI, AIRg, and the disposition index (AIRg × SI) were performed using a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test with minimal model analysis, and similar measures were analyzed using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography.

RESULTS
S I was significantly lower (4.4 ± 0.8 vs. 9.4 ± 0.8 and 2.9 ± 0.8 vs. 6.0 ± 0. 8 × 10−5 min−1/[pmol/l], P &lt; 0.001) and AIRg was significantly higher (1,028 ± 255 vs. 352 ± 246 and 1,968 ± 229 vs. 469 ± 246 pmol/l, P &lt; 0.001), despite similar body fatness (30.9 ± 1.4 vs. 29.7 ± 1.3 and 46.8 ± 1.2 vs. 44.4 ± 1.3%) in the normal-weight and obese black women compared with their white counterparts, respectively. Disposition index, a marker of β-cell function, was not different between ethnic groups (3,811 ± 538 vs. 2,966 ± 518 and 3,646 ± 485 vs. 2,353 ± 518 × 10−5 min, P = 0.10). Similar results were obtained for the OGTT-derived measures.

CONCLUSIONS
Black South African women are more insulin resistant than their white counterparts but compensate by increasing their insulin response to maintain normal glucose levels, suggesting an appropriate β-cell response for the level of insulin sensitivity.
Study of partitioning and dynamics of metals in contaminated soil using modified four-step BCR sequential extraction procedure
Authors: Frentiu Tiberiu , Ponta Michaela , Levei Erika , Cordos Emil 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe modified four-step BCR sequential extraction procedure (exchangeable and weak acid available species, reducible, oxidisable and residual fractions) was used to examine the distribution of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn with soil depth in an area (Baia Mare — Bozanta, Romania) with both high natural level of elements considered as toxic and historical pollution resulting from nonferrous metallurgy. The BCR approach proved a high metal input of anthropogenic origin down to 40 cm, while at lower depths the naturally elevated metal content must be considered. Results of the partitioning study and XRD analysis of solid matrix showed the greatest potential for chemical remobilisation of Cd, Zn, and Cu in weak acidic medium as well as their affinity for the oxidisable fraction (organic matter/sulphide). The tendency of Cr, Pb, and As to be immobilised as residual or reducible species on Fe-Mn oxides was evident. Although the partitioning of As in chemically inactive forms such as scorodite (FeAsO4 · 2H2O) soluble under reducible conditions and beudantite (PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)2)), a residual species soluble in acid media, chemical mobilisation from soil in groundwater was confirmed. Dynamic processes of metal retention in soil under different conditions, namely acidic, reducing or oxidisable, were predicted from the Pearsonșs correlation analysis of element species with soil characteristics and components such as Fe, Mn, organic matter content, pH, and total element content, respectively. At the moment of the study, soil and groundwater in the area were found to be polluted with As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn.
Thirty years' experience with Gamma Knife surgery for metastases to the brain
Authors: Karlsson Bengt , Hanssens Patrick , Wolff Robert , Söderman Michael , Lindquist Christer , Beute Guus 
Published: February 2009

Object
The aim of this study was to analyze factors influencing survival time and patterns of distant recurrences after Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for metastases to the brain.

Methods
Information was available for 1855 of 1921 patients who underwent GKS for single or multiple cerebral metastases at 4 different institutions during different time periods between 1975 and 2007. The total number of Gamma Knife treatments administered was 2448, an average of 1.32 treatments per patient. The median survival time was analyzed, related to patient and treatment parameters, and compared with published data following conventional fractionated whole-brain irradiation.

Results
Twenty-five patients survived for longer than 10 years after GKS, and 23 are still alive. Age and primary tumor control were strongly related to survival time. Patients with single metastases had a longer survival than those with multiple metastases, but there was no difference in survival between patients with single and multiple metastases who had controlled primary disease. There were no significant differences in median survival time between patients with 2, 3–4, 5–8, or > 8 metastases. The 5-year survival rate was 6% for the whole patient population, and 9% for patients with controlled primary disease. New hematogenous spread was a more significant problem than micrometastases in patients with longer survival.

Conclusions
Patient age and primary tumor control are more important factors in predicting median survival time than number of metastases to the brain. Long-term survivors are more common than previously assumed.
Intracranial vertebral artery dissection resulting in fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage: clinical and histopathological investigations from a medicolegal perspective
Authors: Ro Ayako , Kageyama Norimasa , Abe Nobuyuki , Takatsu Akihiro , Fukunaga Tatsushige 
Published: February 2009

Object
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to a ruptured intracranial vertebral artery (VA) dissection sometimes results in a sudden fatal outcome. The authors analyzed the relationship between clinical features and histopathological characteristics among fatal cases to establish valuable information for clinical diagnostics and prophylaxis.

Methods
This study included 58 medicolegal autopsy cases of ruptured intracranial VA dissection among 553 fatal nontraumatic cases of SAH that occurred between January 2000 and December 2007. Their clinical features were obtained from autopsy records. Histopathological investigations were performed on cross-sections obtained from all 4-mm segments of whole bilateral intracranial VAs and prepared with H & E and elastica van Gieson staining.

Results
The autopsy cases included 47 males and 11 females, showing a marked predilection for males. The mean age was 46.8 ± 7.7 years, with 78% of the patients in their 40s or 50s. Hypertension was the most frequently encountered history; it was found in 36% of cases from clinical history and in 55% of cases based on autopsy findings. Prodromal symptoms related to intracranial VA dissections were detected in 43% of patients. Headache or neck pain lasting hours to weeks was a frequent complaint. Of patients with prodromal symptoms, 44% had consulted doctors; however, in none of these was SAH or intracranial VA dissection diagnosed at a preventable stage.
Autopsy revealed fusiform aneurysms with medial dissecting hematomas. Apart from ruptured intracranial VA dissection, previous intracranial VA dissection was detected in 25 cases (43%); among them, 10 showed previous dissection of the bilateral intracranial VAs. The incidence of prodromal symptoms (60%) among the patients with previous intracranial VA dissection was significantly higher than that (30%) among cases without previous dissection (chi-square test; p = 0.023). Most previous intracranial VA dissections formed a single lumen resembling nonspecific atherosclerotic lesions, with the exception of 3 cases (12%) with a double lumen.

Conclusions
Intracranial VA dissection resulting in fatal SAH frequently affects middle-aged men with untreated hypertension. Related to the high frequency of prodromal symptoms, latent previous intracranial VA dissection was histopathologically detected. Furthermore, intracranial VA dissection tends to induce multiple lesions affecting both intracranial VAs recurrently. This suggests the importance of an awareness of sustained whole intracranial VA vulnerability for the prevention of recurrence. The incidence of prodromal symptoms was significantly higher among patients with previous intracranial VA dissections. Thus, earlier diagnosis of intracranial VA dissections at the unruptured stage is desirable for prophylaxis against fatal SAH.
Intraoperative monitoring of visual evoked potential: introduction of a clinically useful method
Authors: Sasaki Tatsuya , Itakura Takeshi , Suzuki Kyouichi , Kasuya Hiromichi , Munakata Ryoji , Muramatsu Hiroyuki , Ichikawa Tsuyoshi , Sato Taku , Endo Yuji , Sakuma Jun , Matsumoto Masato 
Published: February 2009

Object
To obtain a clinically useful method of intraoperative monitoring of visual evoked potentials (VEPs), the authors developed a new light-stimulating device and introduced electroretinography (ERG) to ascertain retinal light stimulation after induction of venous anesthesia.

Methods
The new stimulating device consists of 16 red light–emitting diodes embedded in a soft silicone disc to avoid deviation of the light axis after frontal scalp-flap reflection. After induction of venous anesthesia with propofol, the authors performed ERG and VEP recording in 100 patients (200 eyes) who were at intraoperative risk for visual impairment.

Results
Stable ERG and VEP recordings were obtained in 187 eyes. In 12 eyes, stable ERG data were recorded but VEPs could not be obtained, probably because all 12 eyes manifested severe preoperative visual dysfunction. The disappearance of ERG data and VEPs in the 13th eye after frontal scalp-flap reflection suggested technical failure attributable to deviation of the light axis. The criterion for amplitude changes was defined as a 50% increase or decrease in amplitude compared with the control level. In 1 of 187 eyes the authors observed an increase in intraoperative amplitude and postoperative visual function improvement. Of 169 eyes without amplitude changes, 17 manifested improved visual function postoperatively, 150 showed no change, and 2 worsened (1 patient with a temporal tumor developed a slight visual field defect in both eyes). Of 3 eyes with intraoperative VEP deterioration and subsequent recovery upon changing the operative maneuver, 1 improved and 2 exhibited no change. The VEP amplitude decreased without subsequent recovery to 50% of the control level in 14 eyes, and all of these developed various degrees of postoperative deterioration of visual function.

Conclusions
With the strategy introduced here it is possible to record intraoperative VEPs in almost all patients except in those with severe visual dysfunction. In some patients, postoperative visual deterioration can be avoided or minimized by intraoperative VEP recording. All patients without an intraoperative decrease in the VEP amplitude were without severe postoperative deterioration in visual function, suggesting that intraoperative VEP monitoring may contribute to prevent postoperative visual dysfunction.
The role of surgery for high-grade intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: importance of obliteration of venous outflow
Authors: Liu James K. , Dogan Aclan , Ellegala Dilantha B. , Carlson Jonathan , Nesbit Gary M. , Barnwell Stanley L. , Delashaw Johnny B. 
Published: February 2009

Object
Surgical intervention may be required if endovascular embolization is insufficient to completely obliterate intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). The authors report their 14-year experience with 23 patients harboring diverse intracranial DAVFs that required surgical intervention.

Methods
Between 1993 and 2007, 23 patients underwent surgery for intracranial DAVFs. The following types of DAVFs were treated: superior petrosal sinus (in 10 patients); parietooccipital (in 3); confluence of sinuses and ethmoidal (in 2 each); and tentorial, falcine, occipital, transverse-sigmoid, superior sagittal, and cavernous sinuses (in 1 patient each). In all cases, the authors' goal was to obliterate the DAVF venous outflow by direct surgical interruption of the leptomeningeal venous drainage. Transarterial embolization was used primarily as an adjunct to decrease flow to the DAVF prior to definitive treatment.

Results
Complete angiographic obliteration of the DAVF was achieved in all cases. There were no complications of venous hypertension, venous infarction, or perioperative death. There were no recurrences and no further clinical events (new hemorrhages or focal neurological deficits) after a mean follow-up of 45 months.

Conclusions
The authors' experience emphasizes the importance of occluding venous outflow to obliterate intracranial DAVFs. Those that drain purely through leptomeningeal veins can be safely obliterated by surgically clipping the arterialized draining vein as it exits the dura. Radical excision of the fistula is not necessary.
Environmental and Nutritional Aspect in Male Infertility
Authors: Begum Hamida , Moniruddin ABM , Nahar Khairun 
Published: February 2009

Male and female partner of a couple must be standard and fit to have the capacity to procreate. Studies confirm that male sperm counts are declining and environmental factors as pesticides, exogenous estrogen, heavy metals negatively impact spermatogenesis without any obvious anatomical defects. So, a number of nutritional therapies have been shown to improve sperm count and motility as carnitine, arginine, zinc, selenium and vitamin B12. Numerous anitioxidants have prove beneficial in treating male infertility as Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Glutathione and Coenzyme Q10. This article aims to highlight the correction of nutritional imbalances to encourage optimum sperm production and function, when there is idiopathic impaired spermatogenesis. Â doi:10.3329/jom.v10i1.1997 Â J Medicine 2009; 10: 16-19 Â Â
Quadriplegia due to Spinal Subdural Abscess
Authors: Rahman Matiur , Mondol Md Badrul Alam , Matin Nazrul Islam , Siddiqui Md Mahmudur Rahman 
Published: February 2009

Spinal subdural abscess (SSA) is a very rare cause of quadriplegia. According to the site of involvement, they may present with paraplegia or rarely quadriplegia. The most common site is thoraco-lumber region, but our patient presented with cervical SSA. We should consider it as a medical emergency because early diagnosis and prompt treatment can save the life and prevent residual disability of the patient. Â doi:10.3329/jom.v10i1.1998 Â J Medicine 2009; 10: 20-21
Giganto-acromegaly with Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism
Authors: Hoque Mirza Azizul , Azam Md Bakhtiar , Khan Md Golam Kibria , Hoque Md Azharul , Mohammad Quazi Deen 
Published: February 2009

Gigantism came from Greek word âGiant'. Pathologically, this condition results from the actions of excessive growth hormone (GH) secretion from the pituitary gland during childhood and adolescent before the closure of epiphyseal growth plates. When the height of an individual is several standard deviations above the mean value for the same age, sex, and ethnicity, the condition is known as gigantism. Pituitary gigantism is extremely rare. If hypersecretion of growth hormone occurs after closure of epiphyseal growth plates the resulting condition is acromegaly. Most patients with gigantism also have features of acromegaly. Â doi:10.3329/jom.v10i1.1999 J Medicine 2009; 10: 22-24
Achievement of Awareness in a Diabetic Population
Authors: Hoque Mirza Azizul , Islam Md Sirajul , Khan Md Abdul Maleque , Aziz Rehana , Ahasan HAM Nazmul 
Published: February 2009

This cross-sectional survey was carried out during the period, October 2005 to December 2005, among 184 randomly chosen diabetic patients in Khulna Diabetic Centre, Khulna, Bangladesh, to evaluate the knowledge of the patients for their control of diabetes mellitus and also to explore the association(s) of their attitude and knowledge regarding diabetic awareness towards educational status and socio-demographic profile. In this study, we found a significant difference, in diabetic awareness to keep correct blood glucose level, in different educational group. But, it did not influence the subjects of different educational group to visit the diabetic clinic. There was no significant difference in the knowledge of correct blood glucose level and in regularity of visit to the diabetic clinic, in rural and urban people. Knowledge of correct blood glucose level varied significantly among male and female patients, although, no significant variation was found among them in visiting to the diabetic clinic. We can conclude that, diabetic education programs can improve self-regulatory behavior and in the long run, can reduce morbidity and mortality. Â doi:10.3329/jom.v10i3.2008 J Medicine 2009; 10 (Supplement 1): 7-10 Â
The Glasgow Coma Scale following Acute Stroke and In-hospital Outcome: An Observational Study
Authors: Miah Md Titu , Hoque AKM Aminul , Khan Raihan Rotap , Nur Zannatun , Mahbub Md Shahriar , Rony Rabiul Islam , Tarafder Binoy Krishna , Siddique Md Abu Naser 
Published: February 2009

Acute stroke is a heterogeneous condition and the risk of death can be gauged by various factors. This study sought to evaluate GCS score on admission as a prognostic tool of outcome among stroke patients, by observing the GCS score following acute stroke and in-hospital outcome at a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. Stroke is a major health problem in developed countries as well as developing countries like Bangladesh. This observational study was conducted among 122 consecutive patients, fulfilling the WHO stroke defining criteria, from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007. Mean age was 59.28 Â± 14.89(SD) years and male female ratio was 2.39: 1. Cerebral infarct was 49.13%. Intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage was 31.89% and 18.96% respectively. Overall in-hospital mortality was 15.57% though mortality in patients with cerebral infarcts was nil. Patients presenting with GCS between 3 and 8 caused 12.07% fatality, whereas, none died with GCS score 13-15.Here GCS score showed an inverse relationship with outcome that varied with type of stroke. We can conclude that GCS score on admission might be incorporated as an valuable prognostic parameter in stroke outcome measurement scale. Â doi:10.3329/jom.v10i3.2009 Â J Medicine 2009; 10 (Supplement 1): 11-14
Pilot Survey on Cases of Poisoning and its Outcome in Different Category of Hospitals in Bangladesh
Authors: Amin M Robed , Awwal Anisul , Sattar M Abdus , Hasan Rafiqul , Islam Rabiul , Jalil MA , Khandaker Md Abul Kashem , Faiz MA 
Published: February 2009

Poisoning and snakebite are commonly encountered emergency situation in Bangladesh. Morbidity per annum reported from static primary health care set up and district hospitals following poisoning are ~ 0.56% of total morbidity. Reports published from the DGHS in 2001 recorded poisoning as fifteenth cause of morbidity & second commonest cause of death second to acute respiratory tract infection (1956). Common poisoning encountered in the community include pesticide poisoning, kerosene poisoning, poisoning by unknown sedative substances for stupefying purpose and with occasional reports of methanol poisoning, aluminium phosphide poisoning, copper sulphate poisoning and puffer fish poisoning. A change in the trends of poisoning particularly âtravel related' poisoning by sedatives instead of previously used âDhatura' have been found in the country. Â doi:10.3329/jom.v10i3.2010 J Medicine 2009; 10 (Supplement 1): 15-17
An Unusual Peroxide‐Mediated Amination of Cycloalkanes with Nitroarenes
Authors: Deng Guojun , Chen Wenwen , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: February 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA direct amination of simple cycloalkanes with nitroarenes mediated by peroxides has been discovered. Various secondary arylamines were obtained efficiently from cycloalkanes. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functionalities as well as aqueous conditions. No metal was required for this novel amination reaction.
Role of Mn of PEG in the morphology and properties of electrospun PEG/CA composite fibers for thermal energy storage
Authors: Chen Changzhong , Wang Linge , Huang Yong 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAs an aim toward developing novel class of form‐stable polymer‐matrix phase change materials for thermal energy storage, ultrafine composite fibers based on cellulose acetate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with five different molecular weight (Mn) grades were prepared by electrospinning. The effects of Mn of PEG on morphology, thermal properties and mechanical properties of the composite fibers were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing, respectively. It was found that the composite fibers were smooth and cylindrical shape, with the average diameters ranging from about 1000 to 1750 nm which increased with Mn of PEG. Thermal analysis results showed that the composite fibers imparted balanced thermal storage and release properties in different temperature ranges with the variation of Mn of PEG. Thermal cycling test indicated that the prepared composites had excellent thermal stability and reliability even they were subjected to 100 heating‐cooling thermal cycles. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Light FCC gasoline olefin oligomerization over a magnetic NiSo4/γ‐Al2o3 catalyst in a magnetically stabilized bed
Authors: Peng Ying , Dong Minghui , Meng Xiangkun , Zong Baoning , Zhang Jinli 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMagnetic NiSO4/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by impregnating NiSO4 solutions onto the γ‐Al2O3 support containing a magnetic material of Fe3O4. Characterization by XRD, NH3‐TPD, and thermal analysis showed that the magnetic NiSO4/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst with a nickel content of 7.0% by weight had a monolayer dispersion of NiSO4 and the largest number of moderate strength acid sites, and a high specific saturation magnetization. The magnetic catalyst was evaluated for light FCC gasoline olefin oligomerization in both fixed‐bed and magnetically stabilized bed (MSB) reactors. Comparing with that in the fixed‐bed reactor, the optimal reaction temperature in the MSB lowered to 443 K, and its space velocity ranged broadly from 2.0 to 6.0 h−1. The sulfur‐free diesel distillate produced by operation of the MSB for 100 h had higher cetane number and good low‐temperature flow property, which illuminates a promising application of the MSB to manufacture clean diesel fuels with high productivity and flexibility. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009