bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural shifts in plant functional diversity during biogeomorphic succession: Moving beyond taxonomic investigations in an alpine glacier foreland
Authors: Haselberger Stefan , Junker Robert R. , Ohler Lisa‐Maria , Otto Jan‐Christoph , Kraushaar Sabine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe complex interrelation between plants and geomorphic processes is described in the concept of biogeomorphic succession. While ecological research on succession and community assembly has transitioned towards functional approaches, studies on functional diversity in biogeomorphic settings, particularly in glacier forelands, remain limited. In this study, we investigated abundance of vascular plant species and functional traits in an alpine glacier foreland using data from 199 plots. Our objective was to unravel the development of functional diversity during biogeomorphic succession. Specifically, the study determined whether structural shifts in functional diversity are associated with stability thresholds related to plant cover, geomorphic influence, and examined trait spectra for stages of biogeomorphic succession. Our findings revealed a nonlinear trajectory of functional diversity along the plant cover gradient, marked by two distinct structural shifts at 30% and 74% cover, corresponding to established stability thresholds. Along the gradient of geomorphic influence, we observed an increase in functional diversity until 54% of the plot area was affected, beyond which functional diversity declined below the initial level. The analysis of community‐weighted means of traits across four stages of biogeomorphic succession determined by plant cover and absence and presence of geomorphic influence revealed significant differences in trait values. In the transition to the biogeomorphic stage, associated with the identified initial structural shift, there is a shift from a prevalence of above‐ground adaptation and reproductive traits, such as leaf longevity, structure, growth form and mixed reproductive strategies, to an increased dominance of competitor species and traits related to below‐ground structures, including root type and structures, as well as vegetative reproduction. Our results contribute to understanding the relationship between vegetation succession and geomorphic influence by linking them to plant functional traits. This study advances beyond traditional taxonomic investigations by emphasizing functional approaches to biogeomorphic succession. Moreover, the functional trait data used in this study, easily downloadable from a public repository, can serve as a valuable template for future research in (bio)geomorphology, along with the employed methodologies.
Priority setting: Development of the South Australian Aboriginal Chronic Disease Consortium RoadMap for Action
Authors: Morey Kim , Keech Wendy , McKivett Andrea , Brown Katharine , Pearson Odette , Mejia Gloria , Sivak Leda , Brown Alex 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIssues AddressedAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) people in South Australia are overburdened by cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. The South Australian Aboriginal Chronic Disease Consortium (Consortium) was established in June 2017 as a collaborative partnership to lead the implementation of three state‐wide chronic disease plans using a strategic approach to identifying key priority areas for action.MethodsIn 2017–2018, the Consortium Coordinating Centre facilitated a priority setting process, which involved extensive consultation, including a prioritisation survey and stakeholder workshops. The Consortium's Aboriginal Community Reference Group was instrumental in leading the identification of priorities for action.ResultsThe Consortium RoadMap for Action identified seven across‐plan priorities and six condition‐specific priorities. It acknowledged that: strengthening social and emotional well‐being is central to improving health outcomes; prevention and early detection, acute management and ongoing management are all components of the continuum of care; and improving access to services, strengthening the workforce, and monitoring and evaluation are required across the continuum of care.ConclusionWidespread implementation failure in the past across the health system and health services implementation and research translation highlights the value of the Consortium approach and its commitment to implementing the state‐wide chronic disease plans in a collaborative manner. The Consortium relies on and fosters cross‐sectoral alignment, with all key players including all public, private and Aboriginal Community Controlled health services, to progress its priorities and aspirations to improve health outcomes for Aboriginal people using evidence‐based strategies.So What?Rigorous and transparent priority setting processes that bring together research, clinical practice, health services operations, policy and community perspectives can foster intersectoral collaboration and partnership and support the implementation of shared priorities.
Prevalence, antibiotic resistance pattern for bacteriuria from patients with urinary tract infections
Authors: Hossain Md. Jubayer , Azad Abul Kalam , Shahid Md. Shahadat Bin , Shahjahan Muhibullah , Ferdous Jannatul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAntibiotic resistance presents a significant global public health challenge, particularly for urinary tract infections (UTIs), and is notably severe in developing countries. Surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of UTI‐causing bacteria is crucial for effective treatment selection. This study aimed to analyze these patterns in bacteria isolated from the urine samples of patients at Mughda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.MethodsA retrospective study (January 2019 to December 2020) at Mugdha Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, examined clinical and laboratory data from patients with positive urine cultures (≥105 CFU/mL). The study classified patients into four age groups: children (1–<18 years), young adults (18–<33 years), middle‐aged adults (33–50 years), and old adults (>50 years). The standard Kirby‐Bauer method was used to assess antibiotic sensitivity to 28 common antibiotics.ResultsAmong 243 positive urine cultures in both community‐ and hospital‐acquired UTIs, Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen (65.84%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (12.34%), Enterococcus spp. (8.23%), and other types of bacteria.ConclusionOld adults are particularly vulnerable to UTIs, with E. coli being the predominant causative agent in the study region. The observed antimicrobial resistance patterns underscore the necessity of judicious antibiotic selection to effectively treat UTIs across different age groups.
The prevalence of constipation in adult psychiatric out‐patients on clozapine treatment at a regional public hospital in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam Eric Wai‐Fung , Ip Brian Pak‐In 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the occurrence of constipation in local patients on clozapine treatment, and to compare the demographical and clinical characteristics of patients on clozapine treatment with or without constipation.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional, observational study. All adult psychiatric out‐patients on clozapine treatment attending follow‐up at a regional hospital were recruited for clinical interview and medical record review. The Enhanced Asian Rome III Questionnaire (EAR3Q) was used to define patients with constipation. The Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) was used to assess stool form. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale‐Anchored (BPRS‐A) was used to measure psychiatric symptoms. The Brief Medication Adherence Scale (BMAS) was used to assess treatment adherence. Logistic regression was conducted to identify independent associating factors of constipation in patients on clozapine treatment.ResultsThe prevalence of constipation in patients on clozapine treatment was 26.3%, (95% CI [21.5%, 31.6%]). Independent associating factors included disorder of psychological development (aOR = 6.98, 95% CI [1.24, 39.18]), anxiety (very mild: aOR = 9.23, 95% CI [2.59, 32.87]; mild: aOR = 2.66, 95% CI [1.26, 5.62]), prescription with combination of laxatives (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI [0.17, 0.95]), and concomitant use of amisulpride (aOR = 2.52, 95% CI [1.09, 5.82]), quetiapine (aOR = 5.92, 95% CI [1.11, 31.56]) and metamucil (aOR = 9.30, 95% CI [1.53, 56.58]).ConclusionThis study examined the prevalence of clozapine‐associated constipation in Hong Kong using a validated questionnaire. The identification of independent factors associated with constipation could facilitate better risk stratification and risk modification in clinical practice.
Piloting a battery to evaluate parasympathetic reactivity and externalizing behaviours during early childhood in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Braverman Yael , Surmacz Madison , Schnur Gina , Sheikhi Nasim , Faja Susan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRespiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Reactivity (RSA‐R) correlates both positively and negatively with externalizing behaviour in autistic individuals. These inconsistencies may result from task‐based differences. This pilot study measured RSA‐R in 4‐to 6‐year‐olds, across two timepoints, using four validated tasks with matched baseline and challenge periods. Social, cognitive, sensory and emotional tasks were employed to evaluate the use of a domain‐specific approach in measuring RSA‐R in young autistic children. RSA and parent‐reported externalizing behaviour were collected from 16 children (M
age = 5.60 years; 13 male; 12 White/Caucasian; 15 non‐Hispanic/Latine). RSA‐R was measured by the difference score of the challenge task minus its corresponding comparison task. Correlations were computed to evaluate associations between RSA‐R and behaviour. RSA was reliably measured for 3/4 tasks (0.694 ≤ intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] ≤ 0.896). Only RSA‐R during a social task correlated with externalizing behaviour. These results support using a battery that measures a range of challenges, differing in social demands, to characterize how arousal contributes to emotion regulation demands among young autistic children.
Reproductive outcome after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy using barbed sutures versus conventional smooth sutures: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ouyang Jing , Dong Huan , Wei Chenxuan , Yu Ruoer , Yang Siqin , Xu Hong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of barbed and conventional sutures on reproductive outcomes and ovarian reserve after laparoscopic treatment for benign non‐endometrioma ovarian cysts.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at an affiliated women's hospital between May 2017 and December 2019. Patients with benign non‐endometriotic ovarian cysts undergoing laparoscopic cystectomy were included.ResultsPatients received barbed sutures (221 patients) or conventional smooth sutures (203 patients) intraoperatively. The two groups had comparable baseline characteristics. The surgical duration and ovarian suturing time were significantly shorter in the barbed suture group than in the conventional smooth suture group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). The rate of postoperative hemoglobin decline and serum anti‐Müllerian hormone decline were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). A total of 316 (74.53%) patients experienced at least one pregnancy postoperatively: 170 (76.92%) and 146 (71.92%) patients in the barbed suture and conventional smooth suture groups, respectively (χ2 = 1.395, P = 0.238). Multivariate Poisson regression demonstrated that barbed sutures had no significant effect on the overall postoperative pregnancy rate (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.93–1.36; P = 0.382).ConclusionIn patients with benign non‐endometriotic ovarian cysts undergoing laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy, barbed sutures had a reproductive outcome similar to that of conventional smooth sutures while providing higher surgical efficiency without adverse effects on the postoperative ovarian reserve. Barbed sutures are probably a viable option to conventional smooth sutures.
Effects of lateral spacings and irrigation water quality on plant growth and yield parameters of onion in the semi‐arid region of India
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Naresh Ram , Duhan Darshana , Singh Kuldeep , Mehla Mukesh Kumar , Jhorar Raj Kumar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractField experiments were conducted to investigate an appropriate saline water management strategy to enhance the yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of drip‐irrigated onion. The effects on soil water–salt dynamics, growth parameters, IWUE and yield were assessed under different lateral spacings and irrigation treatments. The different treatments comprised two lateral spacings (45 and 60 cm) and four irrigation treatments (canal water, C; conjunctive use of canal and saline water in a 1:1 ratio, C1S1; in a 1:2 ratio, C1S2; and saline water, S). The results show that soil moisture content decreased vertically downwards and radially outwards in all treatments, whereas soil salinity increased and decreased with increasing radial distance and soil depth, respectively, throughout the soil profile irrespective of the lateral spacing and irrigation treatments. The maximum yield and IWUE were observed at 45‐cm lateral spacing for treatment C, followed by C1S1, C1S2 and S. It was concluded that the C1S1 treatment can be employed successfully for onion cultivation in sandy loam soil without any significant reduction in yield. The present study highlights the significance of irrigation treatments and lateral spacing for maximum production, which may be used as a baseline/guideline to increase the income of onion growers/farmers in semi‐arid regions.
Breathing life into social emotional learning programs: A Bio‐Psycho‐Social approach to risk reduction and positive youth development
Authors: Newman Ronnie I. , Yim Odilia , Stewart Maria‐Christina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionOver one‐third of US adolescents engage in health risk and problem behaviors. Additionally, significant percentages of problem‐free youth aren't flourishing. Left unaddressed, the lifetime mental/physical health and financial burdens may be substantial. Social‐Emotional Learning (SEL) and Positive Youth Development (PYD) programs have proliferated to address the drivers of adaptive versus risk behaviors. Research suggests SEL/PYD program outcomes can be improved by adding techniques that physiologically induce calmness, yet few studies exist.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial of 79 urban eighth‐graders examined a standardized bio‐psycho‐social program, SKY Schools, which incorporates a physiologically calming component: controlled yogic breathing.ResultsRepeated‐measures ANOVAs demonstrated that compared to controls, SKY graduates exhibited significant improvements in emotion regulation, planning and concentration, and distractibility. After 3 months, significant improvements were evidenced in emotion regulation, planning and concentration, identity formation, and aggressive normative beliefs.ConclusionSEL/PYD programs may benefit by incorporating biologically‐calming techniques to enhance well‐being and prevent risk/problem behaviors.
Behavior problems, social relationships, and adolescents' future orientation. Links from middle to late adolescence
Authors: Rydell Ann‐Margret , Brocki Karin C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionAs adolescents leave high school, plans for the future are of great importance. Future orientation reflects positive thoughts regarding further education, employment, and family life. While future orientation has been found to affect behavior problems, the influence of behavior problems on future orientation is mainly unknown. Positive parent−child and peer relations may boost positive outlooks, but the interplay of behavior problems and social relations for future orientation remains to be studied.MethodsParticipants were 485 adolescents, 54% girls, living in Mid‐Sweden. At age 15, parents and adolescents rated ADHD‐ and internalizing symptoms, parents rated ODD‐symptoms, and adolescents rated their relationship with parents and peers. At age 18, adolescents rated future orientation regarding education, employment, and family, and reported on delinquent acts.ResultsLow levels of inattention symptoms and of delinquency were important for all higher future orientation aspects. In contrast, higher levels of hyperactive‐impulsive symptoms were associated with more positive outlooks on work and family life. Relationships with parents and peers were stronger predictors of future outlooks, compared with behavior problems. There were few interaction effects of behavioral symptoms and social relationship quality.ConclusionsBehavior problems in middle adolescence may negatively affect future outlooks. However, positive social relations, especially relations with peers, seem more important for optimistic views than behavior problems and thus may have a compensatory effect. The clinical implications should be to address the young person's social world, in the case of misgivings about the future, also in the presence of problematic behaviors.
Toxicity and inflammatory potential of mineral fibres: The contribute of released soluble metals versus cell contact direct effects
Authors: Almonti Vanessa , Vernazza Stefania , Mirata Serena , Tirendi Sara , Passalacqua Mario , Gualtieri Alessandro Francesco , Di Giuseppe Dario , Scarfì Sonia , Bassi Anna Maria 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAsbestos fibres have been considered an environmental hazard for decades. However, little is known about the attempts of circulating immune cells to counteract their toxicity. We addressed the early effects of fibre‐released soluble factors (i.e. heavy metals) in naïve immune cells, circulating immediately below the alveolar/endothelial cell layer. By comparison, the direct fibre effects on endotheliocytes were also studied since these cells are known to sustain inflammatory processes. The three mineral fibres analysed showed that mainly chrysotile (CHR) and erionite (ERI) were able to release toxic metals in extracellular media respect to crocidolite (CRO), during the first 24 h. Nevertheless, all three fibres were able to induce oxidative stress and genotoxic damage in indirectly challenged naïve THP‐1 monocytes (separated by a membrane). Conversely, only CHR‐released metal ions induced apoptosis, NF‐κB activation, cytokines and CD163 gene overexpression, indicating a differentiation towards the M0 macrophage phenotype. On the other hand, all three mineral fibres in direct contact with HECV endothelial cells showed cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects, cytokines and ICAM‐I overexpression, indicating the ability of these cells to promote an inflammatory environment in the lung independently from the type of inhaled fibre. Our study highlights the different cellular responses to mineral fibres resulting from both the nature of the cells and their function, but also from the chemical–physical characteristics of the fibres. In conclusion, CHR represented the main pro‐inflammatory trigger, able to recruit and activate circulating naïve monocytes, through its released metals, already in the first 24 h after inhalation.
Single mothers' perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion, parenting stress, adverse childhood experiences in early childhood and Black children's behavior problems in middle childhood and adolescence
Authors: Ray Jennifer A. , Preston Kathleen S. J. , Jackson Aurora P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examined the roles of neighborhood social cohesion, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and parenting stress in early childhood on child behavioral outcomes in middle childhood and adolescence among socioeconomically disadvantaged Black families. To test a model linking perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion, single mothers' parenting stress, ACEs, and behavior problems in middle childhood and adolescence. We used four waves of longitudinal data from a subsample of 800 unmarried Black mothers and their children (at child birth and ages 3, 5, 9, and 15) from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a nationally representative data set. Structural equation modeling with latent variables was used to measure direct and indirect effects. Mothers' perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion were significantly and negatively associated parenting stress (β = −0.34, p < 0.05); parenting stress was significantly and positively related to adverse childhood experiences (β = 0.40, p < 0.05) and behavior problems (β = 0.32, p < 0.05); Adverse childhood experiences were significantly and positively related to behavior problems (β = 0.26, p < 0.05); and behavior problems were indirectly influenced by neighborhood social cohesion through adverse childhood experiences (β = −0.14, p < 0.05) and parenting stress (β = 0.10, p < 0.05). Neighborhood factors may play a significant role in parenting stress, adverse childhood experiences in early childhood, and children's behavior problems in middle childhood and adolescence among some single mothers and children in economically and socially disadvantaged Black families. Interventions that enhance neighborhood social cohesion and foster supportive interactions among community members and organizations are recommended.
How to design a broad mindfulness program: One approach to introducing mindfulness to a STEM community within a university setting
Authors: Alexander Stefanie , Vue Zer , Sevel Landrew , Vang Chia , Neikirk Kit , Hinton Antentor , Oliver Kendra H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMindfulness has become popular in recent decades as a tool for psychological well‐being. However, mindfulness has yet to find a solid footing as a routine practice within the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) field. Here, we discuss the design of an introductory mindfulness program that provides the STEM community with a broad overview of various mindfulness methods. We also discuss delivery implementation methods and other considerations when designing mindfulness programming. This article provides resources for those interested in incorporating mindfulness into the STEM field, especially within the university setting.
Language as social action: Gertrude Buck, the “Michigan School” of rhetoric, and pragmatist philosophy
Authors: Huebner Daniel R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Gertrude Buck and collaborators developed a sociologically and pragmatist‐informed approach to language that has been neglected in later scholarship. Buck approached the study of language from the standpoint of pragmatist functional psychology, which is indebted to John Dewey's pragmatism at the University of Michigan, and which views language as a normal, dynamic action of human organisms engaged in necessary cooperative relations with one another. Her approach overcomes the small‐minded pragmatism that would criticize figurative or poetic language as impractical, and instead shows how figuration is essential to the particular ways in which language is action that conveys meaning to others and serves broader social functions. Buck's forgotten work helps overcome criticisms of the application of pragmatic action theory to language and literature, sketching how language structure may be explained on the basis of language as a natural social‐communicative act, how figurative language is inherent in the normal act of communicating situated bodily experiences to others, and how rhetorical speech and writing contributes to participation in democratic social processes. This paper also indicates how Buck's work has been partially rediscovered in Composition Studies, as well as prefigures later reader‐response esthetics and feminist analyses of language.