bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergen‐induced increase in non‐allergic bronchial reactivity
Authors: COCKCROFT D. W. , RUFFIN R. E. , DOLOVICH J. , HARGREAVE F. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNon‐allergic bronchial hyper‐reactivity is a feature of most patients with asthma. We have measured non‐allergic bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine and methacholine in thirteen asthmatic subjects before and after allergen inhalation in the laboratory. The allergen inhalation produced mild early asthmatic responses (19–40% FEV1 fall) in all thirteen, additional definite late asthmatic responses (17–29% FEV1 fall) in four, and equivocal late asthmatic responses (5–11% FEV1 fall) in five. Following allergen inhalation, non‐allergic bronchial reactivity increased in seven for up to 7 days. The seven included all four with definite late asthmatic responses and three of the five with equivocal late asthmatic responses. We conclude that allergens make asthma worse, partly through non‐allergic mechanisms, and that avoidance of allergens is important in reducing non‐allergic bronchial hyper‐reactivity.
Precipitating antibody to antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic obstructive lung disease
Authors: CLARKE C. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwo antigens designated Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytoplasmic antigen (P(1–5)) and P. aeruginosa cell wall antigen (PCW) were prepared by ultrasonic disintegration and hot phenol extraction of a smooth polyagglutinable strain of P. aeruginosa isolated from the respiratory tract.It was shown that P(1–5) and PCW are immunologically distinct, that P(1–5) is heat‐labile while PCW contains a heat‐stable component which stains positively for polysaccharide, is positive for endotoxin and cross‐reacts with a cell wall antigen of Haemophilus influenzae prepared by hot phenol extraction. Both antigens were able to activate the alternate pathway for complement.A statistically significant number of patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis have precipitating antibody to that fraction of cytoplasmic antigen specific for P. aeruginosa (P(1–2)) and PCW compared to controls, whereas patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis do not. The use of both antigens increases the number of patients with antibody to P. aeruginosa.Radioactive immunodiffusion studies indicate that 80.8% of controls have precipitating antibody to PCW antigen and that antibody to it is IgG, IgA and IgM.These studies indicate that consideration should be given to PCW as well as P(1–5) in any consideration of the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa in these conditions.
Asthma caused by bromelin inhalation
Authors: GALLEGUILLOS F. , RODRIGUEZ J. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwo cases are reported of bronchial asthma caused by inhalation of bromelin, a proteolytic enzyme utilized in some anti‐inflammatory medicines.Prick test results with bromelin extract were positive. Inhalation tests gave immediate reactions which were blocked by sodium cromoglycate, but not corticosteroids.
The danger of ‘yellow dyes’ (tartrazine) to allergic subjects
Authors: NEUMAN I. , ELIAN R. , NAHUM H. , SHAKED P. , CRETER D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOral administration of 50 mg tartrazine to 122 patients with a variety of allergic disorders caused the following reactions: general weakness, heatwaves, palpitations, blurred vision, rhinorrhoea, feeling of suffocation, pruritus and urticaria.There was activation of the fibrinolytic pathway as shown by reduction of plas‐minogen with high pre‐kallikrein and low kallikrein values. Reduction in complement activity (CH50) was seen in three out of sixteen reactions.
Serum IgE levels in giardiasis
Authors: GELLER MARIO , GELLER MAURO , FLAHERTY D. K. , BLACK PAULA , MADRUGA M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRaised levels of serum immunoglobulin E are found in many parasitic diseases. In order to determine the influence of Giardia lamblia on IgE levels of clinically symptomatic patients, a controlled study was performed. There was no difference between the serum IgE values from Brazilian patients with giardiasis and those from normal Brazilian controls, although in both groups there were many individuals with values higher than the normal range reported from the northern hemisphere.
Dual skin test reactions and serum antibodies to subtilisin and Aspergillus fumigatus extracts
Authors: ZETTERSTRÖM O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThirteen patients with an allergy to subtilisin were prick‐tested with a solution of crystalline subtilisin A at 0·1 and 1 mg/ml, and the cutaneous reactions were noted.Sera were examined by radioimmunoassay for IgE antibodies, double‐binding antibodies—which seemed to be mainly IgG—and precipitins to subtilisin.Sera from two subtilisin‐tested patients showing immediate and late skin reactions and sera from two patients with allergic aspergillosis were chromatographed on Sephadex G‐200, and IgE and IgG antibody peaks were collected and concentrated.Passive sensitization of skin sites of healthy volunteers was performed with these sera and with IgE and IgG antibody fractions. The skin sites were challenged after 4 hr, 24 hr and 4–6 days.All thirteen sublilisin‐tested patients gave immediate skin responses, which in six patients developed into an oedematous late reaction. Patients with late skin reactions had higher serum levels of IgE antibodies to subtilisin. No correlation was found between the occurrence of late skin reactions and double‐binding antibodies. No precipitins were found.Both immediate and late skin test reactions were seen in skin sites passively sensitized with serum and IgE fractions. Histological examination of the skin with late reactions showed oedema and perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells, and some eosinophils. Oral administration of prednisolone, 30 mg/day, inhibited the late skin test reaction to passive sensitization with three sera.The observed late skin reactions seemed to be [gE‐mediated and appeared to be dependent on a high level of specific IgE antibodies in the patient's sera or in the solutions used for passive sensitization.
Recurrent nocturnal asthma due to tolylene di‐isocyanate: a case report
Authors: SIRACUSA A. , CURRADI F. , ABBRITTI G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a carpenter with a history of nocturnal dyspnoea, a bronchial provocation test with a tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) activator elicited a non‐immediate asthmatic reaction, followed by recurrent nocturnal asthma for five subsequent nights. Subsequently, the study of the circadian rhythm of airflow, registered during work, confirmed the presence of recurrent nocturnal asthma of occupational origin.
Effect of Sch1000 in allergen‐induced asthma
Authors: COCKCROFT D. W. , RUFFIN R. E. , HARGREAVE F. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCarefully controlled allergen inhalation tests were carried out in twelve subjects to provoke early asthmatic responses with a mean maximum FEV1 fall of 30·7 ± 5·2% (mean ± s.d.). Four subjects had additional late asthmatic responses with a maximum mean FEV1 fall of 21·0 ± 5·9%. The tests were repeated at intervals of 7 days in an identical way, following inhalation of Sch1000 (80 μg) and placebo, each given 45 min before the onset of the early asthmatic response. This dose of Sch1000 produced a marked and uniform inhibition of methacholine‐induced bronchoconstriction in the same subjects. The allergen‐induced responses were reproducible in eleven out of the twelve subjects; the coefficient of variation for the decrease in FEV1 in the early responses being ±7% and in the late response ±43%. Sch1000 produced a slight and variable inhibition of early asthmatic responses (P<0·02) and no inhibition of late asthmatic responses. We examined the relationship between the degree of inhibition of the early asthmatic response by Sch1000 and: (a) the degree of inhibition produced by Sch1000 on histamine‐ and methacholine‐induced bronchoconstriction; (b) the level of non‐specific bronchial reactivity measured by inhaled histamine and methacholine; and (c) the degree of bronchodilatation produced by Sch1000. No relationship was found.
In vivo tests with pollen extracts previously investigated by means of direct RAST titration allergen assay
Authors: STENIUS‐AARNIALA B. S. M. , MALMBERG C. H. O. , HOLOPAINEN E. E. A. , BJÖRKSTEN F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe allergenic potency of different birch, Timothy and mugwort pollen extracts was determined by means of a direct RAST titration allergen assay. For birch and Timothy allergens, the results of skin and provocation tests did not confirm the results of the in vitro determinations of allergenicity. There was a poor correlation between the results of skin tests and the results of Phadebas RAST for determination of specific IgE to mugwort, whereas the correlation between skin tests and RAST for other allergens was excellent. It is concluded that direct RAST titration allergen assay is not adequate for all kinds of allergen preparations and that the Phadebas RAST for mugwort is less sensitive than the RAST for other allergens. The diagnostic efficacy of the different allergen preparations could not be evaluated.
A clinical and environmental study of the aeroallergens of the islands of Bermuda
Authors: DEWDNEY J. M. , HINKS D. , MANUEL E. , SHAW C. D. , TEES E. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe major allergen responsible for allergic respiratory disease in the islands of Bermuda has been shown to be derived from Dermetophagoides pteronyssinus. 73% of the atopic group included in the survey gave weal and erythema reactions to extracts of this mite, whereas only 30% reacted to mixed pollen extracts and 10% to mould extracts. D. pteronyssinus was isolated from all house dust samples and it represented 63% of the total mite population. Allergic disease was predominantly of a perennial nature, with only a modest seasonal influence, and pollen counts were low throughout the year.
A clinical comparison of aerosol and powder administration of beclomethasone dipropionate in asthma
Authors: SMITH J. MORRISON , GWYNN C. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA clinical comparison of conventional aerosol administration of beclomethasone dipropionate and insufflation as a powder using the ‘Rotahaler’ device in four doses of 100 μg each was made in thirty‐seven cases. Each treatment was given for 4 weeks, the order being randomized. Symptom records, twice daily peak flow readings and records of bronchodilator and steroid dosage showed the powder to be as effective as the aerosol. In the physician's opinion the powder was preferable to the aerosol in some cases.
Lymphocyte transformation in extrinsic bronchial asthma
Authors: THOMSON N. C. , MACDONALD CATHERINE , KIRKWOOD EVE 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLymphocytes from sixteen patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma and sixteen normal were investigated for their in vitro reactivity to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). No significant differences in maximum lymphocyte responses to PHA or Con A, either in the presence of foetal calf serum or autologous plasma, were found. The significance of these results in relation to T suppressor cell control of IgE formation is discussed.
Serum IgE in atopic dermatitis
Authors: WÜTHRICH B. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySerum IgE concentrations were determined according to the radioimmunosorbent technique (RIST, Phadebas) on 116 adult patients with atopic dermatitis of varying severity and activity. Geometric mean IgE levels of patients with atopic dermatitis were significantly higher compared with the mean level of ninety‐three non‐atopic adult subjects without parasitic infestation. Severity of the atopic dermatitis was highly correlated to the levels of serum IgE. Severe chronic cases with ever‐recurrent exacerbations show the most extreme values. In the moderate forms of atopic dermatitis, coexistent bronchial asthma causes a greater increase in the IgE values. Among the mild or abortive forms, higher IgE levels were found in cases with allergic rhinitis than in the cases with‘pure’atopic dermatitis. Other findings in connection with IgE in atopic dermatitis are summarized. The pathogenetic significance of IgE in the cutaneous changes is briefly discussed.
Relationship of atopy and anaphylactic sensitization: a bee sting allergy model
Authors: SETTIPANE G. A. , KLEIN D. E. , BOYD G. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis study attempts to determine if atopy predisposes to, or affects the severity of, bee sting allergy. 119 consecutive patients with definite systemic reactions to Hymenoptera stings and 119 matched controls without a history of Hymenoptera allergy were interviewed and evaluated. These patients with a definite systemic reaction to Hymenoptera had a mean age of 27 years with an age range of 2‐73 years; 38% (forty‐five out of 119) were 12 years of age or younger. The frequency of atopy (asthma/allergic rhinitis) was 25% (thirty out of 119), and resembles that found in a general population. In the eighty‐nine patients (75%) without a personal history of atopy, only 8% had positive scratch tests to pollens, danders or molds, 44% had a positive family history of atopy and a majority had normal serum total IgE levels. Results of the RAST for specific IgE to venoms of honey bee, yellow jacket, hornet, wasp and to phospholipase A were obtained. Patients with asthma had a significantly more severe reaction to their Hymenoptera sting than non‐atopic patients, 65%vs 38%, with P <0.05. The severity of sting reaction in those patients with allergic rhinitis without asthma resembled that of the non‐atopic patients. Although atopy does not appear to predispose patients to Hymenoptera allergy, asthmatics’Who also have Hymenoptera allergy do have a significantly more severe reaction to a bee sting.
Hymenoptera sting hypersensitivity: IgE, IgG and haemagglutinating antibodies to bee venom constituents in relation to exposure and clinical reaction to bee stings
Authors: MÜLLER U. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. , STREIT C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHigh levels of IgE antibodies (Ab) to bee venom constituents were mainly found in patients with bee sting hypersensitivity, whereas the sera of bee keepers usually contained high levels of IgG Ab and haemagglutinins, representing blocking antibody activity.In bee keepers there was a positive correlation between the degree of severity of an adverse reaction to bee stings and IgE Ab, a negative one between the severity of reaction and IgG Ab and haemagglutinins, a positive one between the number of stings per season and IgG Ab and haemagglutinins, and a negative one between the number of stings and IgE Ab. This suggests a mutual dependence of the production of IgE Ab and blocking Ab in a regularly exposed population. No such correlation was found in bee sting‐allergic patients, indicating that other factors influence the severity of reaction in this only sporadically exposed group.The values of IgG Ab and haemagglutinins correlated well with each other, with IgG Ab giving a better correlation with the severity of reaction and number of stings than the haemagglutinins.
The role and allergenic importance of storage mites in house dust and other environments
Authors: WRAITH D. G. , CUNNINGTON A. M. , SEYMOUR W. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySkin tests were performed on 210 patients with house dust allergy and bronchial asthma or perennial rhinitis using extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and of four storage mites most commonly found in house dust in the United Kingdom—Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Lepidoglyphus (formerly Glycyphagus) destructor and Glycyphagus domesticus. The results of the skin tests were related to certain occupations and living conditions of the patients which could have exposed them to storage mites and some patients were included because their environment seemed especially likely to expose them to these species in order to assess the importance of these conditions. D. pteronyssinus was the most potent of the mite allergens and provoked the largest number of positive tests but a proportion of the storage mite species gave skin reactions which were larger or as large as those of D. pteronyssinus. No significant statistical correlation was found between reactions to D. pteronyssinus and any storage mite but highly significant correlations were found between some storage species. The frequency and strength of reactions to these species were unexpectedly high in view of their irregular occurrence and relative scarcity in house dust.It is suggested that sensitisation to these species occurs through exposure either to localised sources of infestation overlooked during the random collection of floor or bedding dust or to infested materials encountered at work or other activities or to infested food or bedding of certain domestic pets. It is concluded that allergy to storage mites is more important and widespread than hitherto realised and is a considerable occupational hazard in farming communities and to those in occupations handling infested materials. Storage mites may also be important allergens for those living in very damp houses where the growth of moulds may encourage the development of Glycyphagus domesticus or other mites.
In vitro differences between the lymphocytes of normal subjects and atopics
Authors: STRANNEGÅRD Ö. , STRANNEGÅRD I.‐L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRecently evidence has accumulated that atopic disease is associated with a deficiency of thymus‐derived (T) cells. This deficiency appears to be primary, rather than secondary to treatment or manifestations of the disease. Results of in vitro studies indicate that the deficiency is most pronounced in certain subpopulations of T cells, and therefore a disturbance of the balance between subsets of T cells, notably suppressor and helper T cells, may develop in vivo in atopics. Some results suggest that there is indeed a relative deficiency of suppressor T cells in atopic diseases, and thus the hyperproduction of IgE which is associated with these diseases may be explained.The cause of the T cell deficiency in atopy may be a basal cellular abnormality, manifested e.g. as increased sensitivity to inactivation by physiological substances, notably to agents which increase intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. It is equally possible that the T cell deficiency is a direct consequence of subnormal production of certain thymic hormones.
Toluene di‐isocyanate‐induced asthma II. Inhalation challenge tests and bronchial reactivity studies
Authors: O'BRIEN I. M. , NEWMAN‐TAYLOR A. J. , BURGE P. S. , HARRIES M. G. , FAWCETT I. W. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn sixty‐three workers exposed to toluene di‐isocyanate (TDI), no overall differences in bronchial reactivity to histamine inhalation and to exercise testing were found between the total groups of positive and negative TDI reactors to provocation tests. A subgroup of TDI highly sensitive subjects reacting to very low concentrations (≤0.001 p.p.m.) were more sensitive to both histamine and exercise than the group who were less sensitive to TDI, and who reacted to higher concentrations (0.002–0.02 p.p.m.) than the group of non‐reactors. There were, however, in the last group a number of subjects with high degrees of histamine reactivity who did not react to the TDI. These findings suggest that, on the one hand, the asthmatic reactions to TDI cannot be attributed solely to non‐specific mechanisms and, on the other, that in subjects with high degrees of specific sensitivity non‐specific mechanisms may also be playing a part.
A controlled clinical trial comparing disodium cromoglycate and ICI 74,917 in extrinsic asthma
Authors: MOXHAM J. , McALLEN MONICA 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA controlled clinical trial comparing inhalation of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and of ICI 74,917 was carried out using a double‐placebo technique in thirty‐two patients with extrinsic asthma already shown to be reasonably responsive to DSCG. In view of the fact that ICI 74,917 is 300 times more potent than DSCG in inhibiting antigenic challenge in animals a better effect was anticipated from the new drug in the human asthmatic subject. Whilst this was not obtained, there appeared to be no lesser effect than that of DSCG.
Characterization of circulating immune complexes in bronchiectasis by gel filtration
Authors: HILTON ANGELA M. , MOORE M. , HOWAT J. M. T. , KIMBER I. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryExcess anticomplementary activity is common in the sera of patients with bronchiectasis (chronic bronchial suppuration). To identify the active components, Sephadex 6B gel filtration profiles of the sera of fourteen patients with bronchiectasis were obtained, six of which were subjected to detailed analysis for anticomplementary activity and IgG and IgM content. Anticomplementary serum from an individual patient with rheumatoid arthritis was similarly analysed as a positive control and sera from four healthy subjects as negative controls.Although some anticomplementary activity was monitored in association with monomeric IgG, in patients' sera activity was predominantly, and occasionally exclusively, associated with the region between the native IgM and IgG peaks. High molecular weight IgG was detected by immunodiffusion in these fractions of the sera from three patients with severe bronchiectasis, but was undetectable in that of the other three patients, in whom disease was mild. Only one of the four normal sera was anticomplementary, weak activity being distributed in the IgM, IgG and intermediate fractions.The data are interpreted to suggest the presence of immune complexes of IgG in the sera of patients with severe bronchiectasis. Failure to consistently detect IgG in column fractions exhibiting anticomplementary activity is probably a reflection of the superior sensitivity of the anticomplementary technique. Gel filtration properties indicate that the immune complexes are small, containing less than five molecules of IgG. Their possible role in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis, or as a secondary response to chronic infection and pulmonary tissue damage, is discussed.
Oral acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) challenge in asthmatic children
Authors: SCHUHL J. F. , PEREYRA J. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThirty‐two asthmatic children, mean age 9.6 years (range: 6–14 years), were studied by oral challenge with acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin), and their PEFR was recorded at 30 min intervals for 3 hr. They had been asthmatic for a mean of 7.1 years. Other allergic symptoms (urticaria, rhinitis or atopic dermatitis), were present in 81% of the patients, and a family history of atopy in 94%; the mean blood eosinophilia was 590 cells per mm3. In three children aspirin induced a fall in PEFR values less than 8% which was non‐significant. In the group as a whole there was an increase in the PEFR values of 13.9%, 150 min after aspirin challenge. These values where subjected to statistical analysis (Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Student's and Wilcoxon tests), which showed this increase to be significant at a level of P= 0.001. Possible mechanisms involving prostaglandin synthetase inhibition by aspirin are discussed as an explanation for this increase.