bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking Efficient Electrosynthesis of α‐Amino Acids: Adsorption Geometry Modulation and Electronic Structure Reconstruction in the Ag/Cu Bimetallic System
Authors: Shi Yujie , Sun Xiaowen , Zhang Baokun , Sang Yuanhua , Liu Hong , Yu Xiaowen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectrosynthesis of α‐amino acids from α‐keto acids is a promising strategy but faces challenges such as high reduction potential and limited efficiency due to sluggish reaction kinetics and competitive side reactions. Here, this study presents a bimetallic Ag/Cu nanowires (NWs) catalyst that effectively addresses these issues, demonstrating an exceptionally low onset‐potential of −0.18 V versus RHE for alanine electrosynthesis and achieving a remarkable alanine yield of 690 µmol h−1 cm−2. The reaction reaches 94.71% conversion within 2.5 h and yields gram‐scale alanine powder over ten cycles. Theoretical calculations reveal that Ag incorporation exerts additional weak interactions with intermediates and modulates their adsorption geometries. Simultaneously, electron transfer between Ag and Cu reconstructs the catalyst's electronic structure. These modifications enhance the adsorption and activation of intermediates, significantly lowering the energy barrier for the potential‐determining step. Additionally, the presence of Ag effectively suppresses the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction, thus improving the selectivity for alanine production. This Ag/Cu NWs catalyst also exhibits broad applicability for synthesizing various α‐amino acids. This study presents a novel strategy for enhancing electrosynthesis efficiency by modulating the catalyst's electronic properties and intermediate adsorption behaviors, providing valuable theoretical insights and technical support for sustainable chemical production.
Highly Selective Ethylene/Ethane Separation in MOF Composites through Pore Contraction and Particle Size Enlargement Strategy
Authors: You Rimin , Ma Yixuan , Yu Cong , Ding Qi , Bo Yawen , Yang Lifeng , Suo Xian , Gong Qihan , Xing Huabin , Cui Xili 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe discrimination of ethylene (C2H4) and ethane (C2H6) by the precise regulation of porous materials is important and challenging. In this work, the quasi‐exclusion of C2H6 from C2H4 is realized through a facile polymer modification and shaping method of metal–organic framework ZnAtzPO4 (Atz = 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole). The polymer (carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) modification and shaping of ZnAtzPO4@CMC result in pore contraction and particle size enlargement, which impedes the diffusion of larger C2H6 molecules and improves the kinetic separation of C2H4/C2H6. The C2H6 capacity decreases steeply from 1.63 (ZnAtzPO4 powder) to 0.27 mmol g−1 (ZnAtzPO4@CMC), and the resulting C2H4/C2H6 uptake ratio increases from 1.38 to 6.67. Kinetic adsorption experiments confirm that ZnAtzPO4@CMC presents a negligible C2H6 dynamic capacity and the diffusion difference between C2H4 and C2H6 is amplified significantly. The corresponding kinetic C2H4/C2H6 separation selectivity of ZnAtzPO4@CMC increases from 13.06 (ZnAtzPO4) to 34.67, superior to the most reported benchmark materials. Furthermore, ZnAtzPO4@CMC exhibits excellent breakthrough performance for equimolar C2H4/C2H6 mixture separation. This study provides guidance to discriminate similar gases through polymer modification of MOFs.
The Role of Fluorine in Polyanionic Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Jinqiao , Zhao Wenxi , Wang Yuqiu , Jiang Shikang , Yu Binkai , Dou Shi‐Xue , Liu Hua‐Kun , Chen Shuangqiang , Zhang Kai , Zhou Limin , Chen Mingzhe 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith the growing global demand for renewable energy and the increasing scarcity of lithium resources, sodium‐ion batteries have received extensive attention and research as a potential alternative. Among many cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries, polyanion materials are favored for their high operating voltage, stable cycling performance, and good safety. However, the low electronic conductivity and low energy density of polyanionic materials limit their potential for large‐scale commercial applications. To overcome this challenge, various strategies have been explored to improve their electrochemical performance. Among them, fluorine doping has been proven to be an effective means. In this study, we have systematically explored the effects of trace fluorine doping and mass fluorine substitution on the structure, dynamics, and electrochemistry of polyanionic cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries and deeply analyzed their reaction mechanisms. The analysis results show that trace fluorine doping can effectively improve the electronic conductivity of the material, thus enhancing its electrochemical performance. A large amount of fluorine substitution can effectively improve the voltage plateau of the material, thus enhancing its energy density. However, the environmental and safety challenges associated with the introduction of fluorine should also be addressed. Overall, the introduction of fluorine in polyanionic cathode materials can further optimize the electronic structure and electrochemical performance, thus realizing the wide application of high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries and making them a competitive battery technology.
Can Arterial Blood Gas, Electrolyte and Acid–Base Analysis at Admission be Used to Predict Survival to Hospital Discharge for Different Causes of Colic?
Authors: Milner Peter I. , Bardell David 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPredicting outcome in horses presenting with colic remains challenging.ObjectivesTo test whether arterial blood samples in horses admitted for colic predict outcome to hospital discharge for different colic types.MethodsArterial blood samples collected on admission from 358 horses undergoing medical or surgical management of colic were evaluated for pH, PaO2, PaCO2, Na+, K+, iCa2+, Cl−, HCO3− (P), HCO3− (P, set), Base (B), Base (ecf) and anion gap. Categories were small intestinal non‐strangulating (SINS) or strangulating (SIS) lesions, large colon non‐volvulus (LCNV) or volvulus (LCV), small colon non‐strangulating (SCNS) or strangulating (SCS) lesions, viscus rupture or other. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed based on survival, or not, to hospital discharge. Odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and area under the curve receiver operator characteristics (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated at a cut‐off value of p = 0.5.ResultsA total of 295/358 (82.4%) horses survived to hospital discharge. Variables retained as significantly associated with survival were PaO2 for SINS (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.04–1.27), PaO2 (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11) and Na+ (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02–1.52) for SIS, Ca2+ (OR 175.1, 95% CI 2.20–13958) and HCO3− (P) (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–1.37) for LCNV and PaCO2 (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05–2.06) for LCV. AUROCs showed acceptable‐excellent discrimination (range: 0.7–0.9), excellent sensitivity (range: 91%–100%) but poor–fair specificity (range: 8%–50%).ConclusionsArterial blood is good at predicting survival based on colic type but less accurate at predicting those horses which do not survive to hospital discharge.
Protective Effect of B1 and B12 Vitamins on Post‐Thaw Sperm Quality Parameters and Seminal Plasma Antioxidant Status in Rams
Authors: Tabatabaei Vakili Saleh , Zeidi Roghayeh , Nabhani Robab 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSperm membranes, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, are highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Oxidative stress significantly impacts sperm function, and B‐group vitamins play a crucial role in mitigating this damage.ObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of vitamins B1 (VitB1) and B12 (VitB12) on sperm quality and seminal antioxidant status following cryopreservation in Arabi rams.MethodsSemen was collected from 10 Arabi rams and pooled. The pooled semen was diluted and cryopreserved with varying concentrations of VitB1 and VitB12 (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/mL). Post‐thaw sperm quality parameters, including motility, viability, membrane integrity and morphology, were assessed. In addition, seminal antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation were evaluated.ResultsSupplementation with 1 mg/mL VitB12 and 0.5–1 mg/mL VitB1 significantly enhanced post‐thaw sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity and morphology. This was accompanied by a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The highest total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was observed with 1 mg/mL VitB12 and 0.5 mg/mL VitB1 (p < 0.05), positively correlating with sperm motility and viability (p < 0.01). Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was highest in the 1 mg/mL VitB12 and VitB1 groups and negatively correlated with sperm abnormalities (p < 0.01). Catalase (CAT) activity significantly increased in the 1–2 mg/mL VitB12 and 0.5–2 mg/mL VitB1 groups, positively correlating with sperm progressive motility and viability (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that incorporating 1 mg/mL VitB12 and 0.5 mg/mL VitB1 into the cryopreservation extender effectively mitigates oxidative stress, enhances antioxidant defences and improves post‐thaw semen quality in Arabi rams.
Insights into freeze–thaw and infiltration in seasonally frozen soils from field observations
Authors: Sanchez‐Rodriguez Ines , Ireson Andrew , Brannen Rosa , Brauner Haley 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSnowmelt infiltration into frozen soils in seasonally frozen landscapes is a critically important hydrological process, with consequences for agriculture, water resources, and flooding. The partitioning of snowmelt between infiltration and runoff in any given location and in any given year is highly uncertain. While it is intuitive to expect lower infiltration capacities in frozen soils, extensive past field research has shown that infiltration is often the dominant flux over runoff during this process, and this is attributed to infiltration into air‐filled macropores. Despite this understanding, we still lack models that can predict frozen soil infiltration reliably. In this study, we examine detailed field observations from the seasonally frozen Canadian Prairies to determine the controls on soil freeze/thaw, snowmelt partitioning, and groundwater recharge. We show how soil moisture, water table depth, snow water equivalent, and air temperature are all significant and confounding factors that determine soil freezing depth and snowmelt partitioning.
Merge-proofness and cost solidarity in shortest path games
Authors: Bahel Eric , Gómez-Rúa María , Vidal-Puga Juan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study cost-sharing rules in network problems where agents seek to ship quantities of some good to their respective locations, and the cost on each arc is linear in the flow crossing it. In this context, Core Selection requires that each subgroup of agents pay a joint cost share that is not higher than its stand-alone cost. We prove that the demander rule, under which each agent pays the cost of her shortest path for each unit she demands, is the unique cost-sharing rule satisfying both Core Selection and Merge Proofness. The Merge Proofness axiom prevents distinct nodes from reducing their joint cost share by merging into a single node. An alternative characterization of the demander rule is obtained by combining Core Selection and Cost Solidarity. The Cost Solidarity axiom says that each agent’s cost share should be weakly increasing in the cost matrix.
Monitoring heart rhythms in adult males with X-linked ichthyosis using wearable technology: a feasibility study
Authors: Wren Georgina H. , O’Callaghan Peter , Zaidi Abbas , Thompson Andrew R. , Humby Trevor , Davies William 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rare dermatological condition X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is associated with a substantially-increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Arrhythmias predispose to multiple serious health conditions, and there is a need to identify them at an early stage, ideally using non-invasive, convenient, cost-effective, and reliable wearable technology methods. We tested the feasibility of monitoring heart rhythms using an Apple Watch in five adult males from the United Kingdom diagnosed with XLI. Participants returned routine electrocardiogram (ECG) traces from the watch three times per week for eight weeks (plus any traces associated with ‘watch alerts’ indicating arrhythmic episodes) for cardiologist review. Participant feedback was also obtained on the perceived usability/wearability of the watch/app, and on the study requirements. Participants were generally happy with the study conduct, found the watch/app straightforward to use, and there was a > 95% data return rate. Minor protocol improvements were suggested. There were few issues reported with wearability of the watch. Three participants exhibited no ECG abnormalities, but two presented with ventricular ectopic beats (VEs). Only one watch ‘alert’ ECG was returned, and this was considered normal sinus rhythm, suggesting the possibility of ‘false positive’ calls. Based on our small sample, smartwatch-based screening for cardiac rhythm abnormalities in the high-risk male XLI population appears useful, feasible, and acceptable to patients and a larger-scale clinical trial is warranted. Potentially, such devices may be more suited to detecting persistent abnormalities rather than unpredictable, acute, arrhythmic episodes. The high VE burden in some participants with XLI is consistent with septal defects underlying arrhythmia risk.
The impact of severe mental disorders on mother-infant interaction: a systematic review
Authors: Vilaseca Berta , Roca-Lecumberri Alba , García-Gibert Cristina , Forte Florencia , Torres-Giménez Anna , Solé Eva , Andrés-Perpiñá Susana , Barajas Ana , Gelabert Estel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Mother-Infant Interaction (MII) is the first dynamic relationship that focuses on both mother-infant involvement and dyadic coordination and is associated with infant development. The main objective of this review is to summarize the evidence on the quality of MII in mothers with Severe Mental Illness (SMI).

Method
A systematic search for cross sectional, cohort or case control studies has been carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scopus to extract studies addressing the relationship between the quality of MII and SMI.

Results
A total of 15 studies with a sample of 992 women were included. Studies showed worst outcomes for MII in mothers with psychotic disorder and bipolar disorder. The impairments were more pronounced in psychotic disorders.

Conclusions
There is evidence of impaired MII in SMI. Social cognition (SC) is essential for understanding and responding to infant cues, so it could partially explain the associations between SMI and interaction outcomes. The current evidence is limited due to substantial heterogeneity and methodological limitations in the studies. Therefore, such findings should be interpreted with caution.
Does it Pay to Patent Green Innovations? Stock Market Reactions to Family and Nonfamily Firms’ Green Patents
Authors: Chirico Francesco , Eddleston Kimberly A. , Patel Pankaj C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Are green patents granted to family firms perceived more favorably by the market than those granted to non-family firms? Using a sample of 8918 green patents granted to family and non-family firms between 2014 and 2018, our study shows that it depends on the attributes of the green patent. Integrating the green innovation and family firm literatures with signaling theory, we develop a theoretical framework that highlights the need for family firms to balance their pursuit of green innovation with signals of innovation stability and due diligence so as to gain the greatest market value from their green patents. In contrast, we theorize that green patents offer nonfamily firms the greatest gain in market value when they signal innovation radicalness and newness. While our results show that the stock market reaction does not vary significantly between family and non-family firms, when we consider the attributes of green patents, we find that compared to nonfamily firms, family firms with longer green patent grant lags realize a more positive market reaction whereas those with higher patent radicalness experience a more negative market reaction. As such, our study suggests that the types of green patents that garner the greatest market value differ for family and nonfamily firms. The findings are robust to alternate family firm definitions, and additional robustness checks.
Students’ performance and typical errors in filling empty probabilistic visualizations with probabilities or frequencies
Authors: Rößner Michael , Binder Karin , Geier Corbinian , Krauss Stefan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It has been established that, in Bayesian tasks, performance and typical errors in reading information from filled visualizations depend both on the type of the provided visualization and information format. However, apart from reading visualizations, students should also be able to create visualizations on their own and successfully use them as heuristic tools in modeling tasks. In this paper, we first want to broaden the view on Bayesian reasoning to probabilistic tasks with two binary events in general and embed the whole process of solving these tasks using probabilistic visualizations in a modified modeling framework. Thereby, it becomes apparent that most of the steps remained untouched by existing research. Second, in the present empirical study, we focused on one part of the largely unexplored creation process and examined entering statistical information into empty visualizations as heuristic tools. N = 172 participants had to enter conditional and joint probabilities or the corresponding frequencies into empty visualizations in a paper-and-pencil test. We analyze (a) students’ performance when entering information in visualizations and (b) typical errors, both dependent on the information format (probabilities vs. natural frequencies), which empty visualization structure (2⨯2 table, double tree, net diagram) was provided, and type of information (conditional vs. joint information). The well-known positive effect of natural frequencies on participants’ performance was evident when entering conditional information into 2⨯2 tables and net diagrams. However, with respect to joint information, no superior effect of frequencies was observed. Furthermore, the theoretical implementation of our research in a modeling cycle allows us to identify desiderata for future research.
The COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Who Moved, Why, and Where?
Authors: Rebhun Uzi , Brown David L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
COVID-19 affected the social, economic, and spatial patterns of people’s lives. Families adjusted their places of work, where their children were educated, and their interactions with relatives and friends. The disease weakened some individuals’ and families’ attachment to their places of residence and prompted some to reconsider where to live. We examine the selectivity, reasons, and types of COVID-induced migration in the U.S. during the first year of the pandemic. Using Pew’s American Trends Panel, we find that 3 percent relocated by June 2020 because of the pandemic. One-third of movers feared infection, another quarter wished to be with family, and nearly half were guided by educational and economic considerations. By November, four out of ten were still living outside their origin community, a third dwelled elsewhere in their origin community, and a quarter had returned to their pre-COVID home. Multivariate analyses show that COVID migrants differed from ordinary migrants and from non-movers. High rates of COVID mortality in county of residence heightened the likelihood of moving. Compared with COVID migrants whose concerns were mainly educational and economic, those who feared infection tended to be younger, native-born, non-metro residents, religiously weak, and politically Republican; their counterparts who wished to be close to family were in mid-life, women, college educated, and more likely Republicans. The differences between inter-community migrants and intra-community/return migrants were limited to only a few characteristics i.e., type of residence, educational and economic attainments, and mortality rates in initial county of residence.
Enhanced micropollutant degradation over catalyst-free synergistic activation of periodate and persulfate under solar light
Authors: Zheng Zexiao , Man Justin H. K. , Wang Xiaoying , Kwan Alvin S. K. , Yim Kwan To , Lo Irene M. C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Micropollutants are ubiquitous in water sources, posing threats to both human health and ecosystems. Conventional water and wastewater treatment processes are inefficient in micropollutant removal. In this study, the energy-effective and environmentally friendly solar light–driven periodate (PI) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) synergistic activation process (PI/PDS/solar light) is developed for efficient micropollutant decontamination. The PI/PDS/solar light process (0.5 mM PI and 0.25 mM PDS) achieves 100% degradation of 2 ppm CBZ in 15 min with a CBZ degradation rate constant of 0.31 min−1, which is 6.6 and 13.2 times that of PI/solar light (0.046 min−1, 0.5 mM PI) and PDS/solar light (0.023 min−1, 0.5 mM PDS). Mechanistic studies reveal that the enhanced solar light utilization and charge transfer between PI and PDS lead to the synergistic activation of the dual oxidants in the PI/PDS/solar light process, thus promoting micropollutant degradation. Additionally, the scavenging tests demonstrate that
•
OH and SO4

•− are the dominant radicals for CBZ degradation. Furthermore, the PI/PDS/solar light process exhibits excellent applicability in different types of water sources, where several water components (pH, natural organic matter, and anions) pose insignificant impacts on CBZ degradation. Nonetheless, the developed process still has a disadvantage in that the degradation intermediates of PPCPs may bring potential toxicity. The study offers valuable mechanistic insights into the novel synergistic PI and PDS coactivation process under solar light and highlights the practicability of the developed technique as an efficient strategy for micropollutant decontamination.
Nozzle Geometry Evaluation for Cold Spray Applications by Using 3D-CFD Calculations
Authors: Gutiérrez de Frutos J. , List A. , Nielsen S. , Gärtner F. , Klassen T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In cold spray applications, optimum process conditions to accelerate particles may vary with different densities of the feedstock. These conditions could depend on the geometry of the spray nozzle, suggesting possible benefits of material-specific nozzle designs. The present study developed a nozzle geometry optimization concept based on three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D-CFD) simulations to provide a specific nozzle design. Applying a design of experiments (DoE) approach, the proposed model seeks an optimal nozzle geometry, using aluminum Al6061 and pure copper with mean particle diameters of 40 µm as examples. Different geometry parameters were varied to reach the highest particle velocities before impact on the substrate, such as the nozzle’s divergent section length, throat cross section, and expansion ratio. The process gas was nitrogen with set stagnation pressure and temperature of 5 MPa and 500 °C, respectively. For high particle impact velocities, the simulation identified the divergent section length as the most influential parameter, followed by the throat cross section. In addition, the results show that the expansion ratio must be carefully tuned to avoid over-expansion of the gas already inside the nozzle, which is detrimental to the particle acceleration.