bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexisting otosclerosis and meniere's disease: A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma
Authors: Sismanis Aristides , Hughes Gordon B. , Abedi Esrafil 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe coexistence of otosclerosis and Meniere's disease is well documented; however, otosclerosis may not be recognized in patients presenting mainly with Meniere's symptoms and, therefore, treatment may not be effective.In this paper, eight patients with otosclerosis and Meniere's disease are presented. The diagnosis of coexisting otosclerosis and Meniere's was initially missed in most of these patients. Medical and surgical treatment had been unsuccessful. Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for management of these patients are discussed.Our preliminary conclusions are: 1. otosclerosis should be diagnosed in patients with Meniere's disease, especially when bilateral or when suggested by clinical and/or laboratory findings, and 2. the addition of sodium fluoride to diet‐diuretic management of such patients appears effective.
Multiple symmetrical lipomatosis in a patient with hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid: A case report
Authors: Rhoads Daniel D. , Dixon Anita E. , Taylor Sarah A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMultiple symmetrical lipomatosis is a rare disorder of fat distribution which generally affects middle age men of Mediterranean origin. Hürthle cell carcinoma is an uncommon variety of follicular carcinoma which invades locally and metastasizes hematogenously to bone, lung, and other distant organs. This report describes a patient who developed multiple symmetrical lipomatosis after undergoing total thyroidectomy for Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid. Type IV hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, frequent ethanol usage, and macrocytosis were features previously associated with multiple symmetrical lipomatosis which were present in this patient. Fourteen years after the initial surgery, metastatic Hürthle cell carcinoma was detected in the superior mediastinum. The location of the metastasis and the long disease free interval are unusual features of this case. A possible association between Hürthle cell carcinoma and multiple symmetrical lipomatosis is considered.
Perichondrial‐cartilage island graft in one stage tympano‐ossiculoplasty
Authors: Mikaelian Diran O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA one stage reconstruction of the tympanic membrane and the ossicular chain using a composite graft of tragal perichondrium with cartilage is described (Type III tympanoplasty). The long‐term results in 18 operated cases reveals closure of the air‐bone gap to within 0 to 10 dB in 72% of the cases.The above procedure used autologous graft material, does not disturb the remaining middle ear structures, can be performed under local anesthesia, and in most cases is done on an outpatient basis.
Carcinoma of the tonsillar region
Authors: Mizono Gary S. , Boles Roger , Diaz Richard F. , Fu Karen K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 171 patients with carcinoma of the tonsillar region is presented. The majority of patients (79%) presented with stage III and IV disease. Three year determinate survival was 81% ‐ T1, 74% ‐ T2, 59% ‐ T3, and 20% ‐ T4. The presence of nodal disease decreased survival by one half.Radiotherapy alone was highly successful in controlling early T1 and T2 lesions of the tonsillar fossa. Surgery alone or combined radiotherapy and surgery was more successful than radiotherapy in controlling early T1 and T2 lesions of the tonsillar pillar. More advanced T3 and T4 lesions also did poorly with radiotherapy alone. An analysis of these results and a review of the literature is presented.
High‐field magnetic resonance imaging of paranasal sinus inflammatory disease
Authors: Moore James , Potchen Michael , Waldenmaier Nancy , Sierra Arlene , Potchen E. James 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging using a 1.5 tesla magnet and a spin echo technique has revealed a remarkably intense signal from abnormal tissue in the human paranasal sinuses. Inflammatory disease in the maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal sinuses has been detected and demonstrated with greater clarity than any other available technique. The pathophysiologic basis for the intense signal has not been defined. These observations do, however, provide an opportunity to discover, clarify, and study paranasal sinus disease. Acute upper respiratory disease, allergic episodes, and the effect of drug treatment based on the MR signal and pathology can now be investigated with this technique. In addition, this may form a basis for assessing the epidemiology of paranasal sinus pathology.
Value of magnetic resonance imaging in assessing bone destruction in head and neck lesions
Authors: Virapongse Chat , Mancuso Anthony , Fitzsimmons Jeffrey 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe utilized low‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate 12 patients with head and neck lesions and suspected skull base or facial bone destruction. All except one had high resolution computed tomography (CT). MRI was performed on a 0.15 tesla (low‐field) resistive unit, with routinely good resolution due mainly to the use of specially designed rf receiver coils (surface coils). T1 and T2 weighted spin echo images were performed in all cases. In three instances axial, coronal, and sagittal images were done. All CTs were done with high resolution techniques on state‐of‐the‐art equipment. Comparison of the CT and MR images (at low‐field strength) showed that MRI's main strength lies in its freedom to perform images in any plane and to visualize intracranial lesions with early brain involvement. Otherwise, the two modalities are comparable. Bone destruction seen on CT was always detectable on MRI, although CT is clearly superior in resolving bone detail. MRI is recommended when direct coronal CT scans are not obtainable to evaluate superiad tumor extension. The improved visualization of nasopharyngeal soft tissue and cavernous sinus region is likely to make MRI the examination of first choice in evaluating lesions of the nasopharynx, skull base, and cavernous sinus.
The nasal bossa: a complication of rhinoplasty
Authors: Kamer Frank M. , Churukian Michael M. , Hansen Lori 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA study of 1,033 consecutive rhinoplasties was undertaken to focus on etiology and treatment of nasal bossa. Of the 2% that developed bossa, the only consistent, statistically significant etiology factor was that of preoperative nasal asymmetry. There was no correlation with skin or cartilage characteristics. Those tips requiring alteration by the delivery technique were five times more likely to develop bossa than those treated by cartilage split or retrograde techniques. The surgical dilemma of treatment by either augmentation of the lesser side or resection of the bossa was discussed.
Frontal sinus fractures: Some problems and some solutions
Authors: Shockley William W. , Stucker Fred J. , Gage‐White Linda , Antony Sam O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHead trauma can result in serious injuries leading to life‐threatening situations. Often accompanying these injuries are fractures involving the frontal sinus. Some fractures are subtle and difficult to diagnose, while others are massive and difficult to treat. The experience at this institution in the management of frontal sinus fractures is examined. Particular emphasis is placed on the problematic cases. These include fractures that were nearly overlooked, those that were associated with massive CSF leaks, and those which were extensively comminuted. In treating some of the most severe compound injuries, a frontalis myofascial flap has been used successfully to “plug” the site of CSF leakage. The review will include the types of fractures encountered, associated injuries, errors in diagnosis, the treatment rendered, and the complications which resulted. As encountered in other studies relating to trauma, adequate follow‐up has been a serious shortcoming. The protocol presently used in the management of these injuries will be outlined.
The role of needle aspiration biopsy in the selection of patients for thyroidectomy
Authors: Cohen Jason P. , Cho Hyun T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is gaining in popularity among all diagnostic tests used in the evaluation of patients for thyroidectomy. Its safety and accuracy have been well documented, but criteria regarding when FNA is appropriate are lacking. We retrospectively reviewed our experience with 408 consecutive patients evaluated for thyroid surgery. Two hundred seventy‐three ultimately underwent thyroidectomy; 100 of these had preoperative FNA. An additional 135 patients underwent FNA without surgery. Patients who benefited from FNA were those in whom cytologic findings led to surgery for otherwise unsuspected malignancy (15), and those with asymptomatic benign nodules who avoided unnecessary thyroidectomy on the basis of FNA findings (96). FNA is superfluous when clinical conditions mandate surgery. These include nodules that arouse clinical suspicion of malignancy, massive nodules that cause aerodigestive tract compression or cosmetic disfigurement, and nodules extending into the mediastinum. All patients with asymptomatic, clinically benign thyroid nodules should undergo FNA biopsy, as approximately 50% can anticipate significant benefit from the procedure.
The effect of hydroxyl radical scavenging on acute axial‐random skin flap survival
Authors: Hayden Richard E. , Paniello Randal C. , Bello Steven L. , Yeung Cecil S. T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDimethyl thiourea (DMTU), a known hydroxyl radical scavenger, was tested for its ability to improve survival in acute island skin flaps. Rats receiving 500 mg/kg DMTU 1 hour after flap elevation showed a 23.5% improved survival over saline controls. The role of the hydroxyl radical in ischemia/reperfusion injury, and its proposed mechanism, is discussed.
Depressed pmnc blastogenic response in patients with cancer of the head and neck: A study of il‐2 production, il‐2 consumption, and il‐2 receptor expression
Authors: Eskinazi Daniel P. , Perna John J. , Ershow Abby G. , Clifford Mihail R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractApproximately two thirds of patients with head and neck cancer have been shown to have peripheral mononuclear cells that exhibit a lowered blastogenic response to the T‐cell mitogens, concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. To investigate the possible mechanisms of this phenomenon, we measured the amount of activated T‐cell lymphokine interleukin‐2 present in the supernatant of concanavalin A‐or phytohemagglutinin‐stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells taken from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Concentrations were found that were similar to those of healthy subjects. The rate of interleukin‐2 consumption and the degree of interleukin‐2 receptor expression also were similar for patients and controls. In the course of these experiments, it was noted that differences in blastogenic response between patients and controls were abolished when, 24 hours after the beginning of either concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin stimulation, the culture supernatant was removed and replaced by fresh medium, containing recombinant interleukin‐2 to further sustain cell growth. This suggests that the lower blastogenic response found in patients with head and neck cancer is not due to global immune unresponsiveness, but instead, is caused by selective cell dysfunction(s), which may include the production of a suppressor factor following concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin stimulation.
Regeneration of the eighth cranial nerve. III. Central projections of the primary afferent fibers from individual vestibular receptors in the bullfrog
Authors: Newman Anita , Suarez Carlos , Kuruvilla Alexander , Honrubia Vicente 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe projection site in the central nervous system of individual end‐organ branches of regenerated vestibular nerves was documented in bullfrogs. The eighth cranial nerve was surgically sectioned in 12 bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and allowed to regenerate. Horseradish peroxidase was used to label the primary vestibular afferent fibers from the whole nerve (one frog) and the whole anterior branch (two frogs), and the individual receptor end‐organ branches to the anterior semicircular canal (three frogs), the horizontal semicircular canal (three frogs), and the sacculus (three frogs). A sufficient number of fibers from the individual receptors were labeled in nine specimens to allow a description of their central projection pattern.The overall pattern of central projections of the regenerated nerves was similar to the pattern of normal nerves. In the eighth nerve root proper and in the area proximal to the vestibular nuclei, fibers from the anterior semicircular canal were ventral, fibers from the sacculus and posterior branch were dorsal, and fibers from the horizontal semicircular canal were in an intermediate position. In ventral, superior, and descending vestibular nuclei, a projection pattern was also identifiable in some specimens. The fibers of the anterior semicircular canal projected ventral to the fibers of the horizontal semicircular canal, with fibers from the posterior branch more dorsal. The saccular fibers projected to the dorsal aspect of the ventral nucleus and the ventral aspect of the dorsal nucleus.For the most part, projections in the regenerated specimens, as verified histologically, were comparable to individual end‐organ projections previously identified in normal frogs. The only major discrepancy between the findings from the regenerated specimens and those from normal frogs was in the position of the vestibular tract and the innervation to the medial nucleus. The regenerated vestibular tract was shifted laterally in the brain stem. Regenerated thick and thin fibers were intermixed in the tract and projected to the medial nucleus. Normally, the thin fibers are lateral to the thick fibers in the tract.Therefore, the regenerated afferent fibers of the vestibular nerve selectively reinnervated the vestibular nuclei, and the fibers to the individual end‐organs selectively reinnervated particular parts of the nuclei. In addition, the thick and thin regenerated fibers preserved the type of bouton endings normally found. The regenerated thick fibers had rare boutonsen passantand a great number of collaterals, while the thin fibers had numerous boutonsen passantand only a few collaterals. The previously observed functional recovery of regenerated fibers appears to be due to a normal distribution of fibers in the central nervous system and not due to plastic changes needed to correct abnormal reinnervation.
Stomal complications and airflow line problems of the communi‐trach I® cuffed talking tracheotomy tube
Authors: Leder Steven B. , Astrachan David I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere have been no reports of stomal complications and airflow line problems associated with a cuffed talking tracheotomy tube. However, the results of this study showed that stomal complications, in the form of pressure necrosis and wound extension, and problems with airflow line kinking occurred with a 40% and 80% frequency, respectively. Solutions to both difficulties arc discussed.
A new surface electrode for recording from the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
Authors: Fujita Mihoko , Ludlow Christy L. , Woodson Gayle E. , Naunton Ralph F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new pharyngeal surface electrode for recording posterior cricoarytenoid muscle activity through the hypopharyngeal mucosa has been evaluated. The electrode was passed through one nasal passage into the hypopharynx. Correct electrode location was verified by increased activity during inhalation, with decreased activity during phonation. The procedure was evaluated in 45 subjects, 10 normal speakers and 35 patients with dysphonia. Accurate recordings were obtained in 25 subjects (56%). Problems encountered were lack of pharyngeal descent, electrode dysfunction, and signal interference due to phonatory vibration or interarytenoid activity. Signal validity was evaluated in four normal speakers with accurate electrode placement. Significant (p≤0.001) increases in PCA activity occurred during tasks requiring vocal fold abduction. The electrode proved to be a useful, noninvasive clinical tool for recording PCA activity in some patients.
Temporal bone findings in a case of bilateral meniere's disease treated by parenteral streptomycin and endolymphatic shunt
Authors: Khetarpal Umang , Schuknecht Harold F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA patient with bilateral Meniere's disease who had progressive hearing loss and intractable vertigo was treated at ages 60 and 62 with parenteral streptomycin to ablate ves‐tibular function, and at age 74 by a left endolymphatic shunt procedure. He was confined to a wheelchair because of ataxia from age 75 until the time of his death at age 81. Both temporal bones show congenitally hypoplastic endolymphatic sacs and severe endolymphatic hydrops consistent with Meniere's disease. There was atrophy of the striae vasculares and loss of cochlear neurons consistent with presbycusis. A loss of hair cells in the cristae and saccules was consistent with streptomycin ototoxicity. In the left ear the Silastic® strip that was intended to function as an endolymphatic shunt into the mastoid lies encased in fibrous tissue and failed by 4.5 mm to reach the hypoplastic endolymphatic sac.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx
Authors: Kondziolka Douglas , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStereotactic radiosurgery using the gamma unit represents a unique neurosurgical treatment method for the management of selected intracranial vascular malformations and tumors. During a closed‐skull single‐session procedure that focuses 201 individual beams of gamma irradiation, a high‐radiation dose is delivered to the lesion, with a steep dose fall‐off peripherally. In order to maintain accuracy of delivery, the target must remain fixed in space; hence the skull is engaged by rigid external fixation during treatment. In this report, we document the first ex‐tracranial lesion treated with radiosurgery, a recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of Rosenmuller's fossa, and discuss the possible role of radiosurgery in carefully selected head and neck malignancies.
A histopathological study of the relationship between otitis media and mastoiditis
Authors: Schachern Patricia , Paparella Michael M. , Sano Shinichi , Lamey Sherry , Guo Yengha 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom a total of 1408 human temporal bones, 229 with otitis media or mastoiditis were selected; other contributing diseases were excluded. Of this group, 19.2% had an obstruction of the aditus ad antrum with pathologic tissue, usually granulation tissue. Although pathologic fluid and tissue were usually distributed throughout the middle ear and mastoid, in some cases, the most severe conditions were restricted to the mastoid. Pathologic conditions were more severe in cases with obstruction. An interesting observation was that columnar epithelial cells, goblet cells, and mucoid effusion were not observed in the mastoid, suggesting a restriction of secretory cells to the middle ear proper. It appears that obstruction of the aditus ad antrum contributes to the pathogenesis and accentuates pathologic conditions in otitis media.
Central nervous system changes associated with noise‐induced hearing loss: An electron microscopic and freeze‐fracture study of the chick nucleus magnocellularis
Authors: Mattox Douglas E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis investigation assessed the effects of noise‐induced hearing loss on the avian nucleus magnocellularis, the homologue of the mammalian cochlear nucleus.Fifteen‐day‐old chicks were exposed to high‐intensity broad‐band noise (132 dBA) for 24 to 72 hours. Hearing loss was documented with auditory brainstem response recordings and scanning electron microscopy of the basilar papilla. Nucleus magnocellularis was assessed with thin‐section electron‐microscopy and freeze‐fracture techniques.Freeze‐fracture preparations of noise‐exposed animals showed a decrease in synaptic vesicle fusion sites at the synaptic active zone, a decrease in reuptake of presynaptic membrane by coated vesicles, and a shift of the preferential fracture plane at the synapse from the presynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic membrane.These findings support the hypothesis that the effects of noise are not limited to the auditory periphery, but that transneuronal changes extend into the auditory central nervous system.
Effects of persistent perilymph fistula on the inner ear
Authors: Kaseki Yumiko , Nakashima Tsutomu , Fukuta Shigeji , Suzuki Toru , Yanagita Noriyuki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo study the effects of a persistent perilymph fistula on the cochlea, a small cannula was inserted into the scala tympani of the basal turn of cochlea in guinea pigs. A month later, cochlear morphology and blood flow were studied using either histological evaluation or the microsphere surface preparation technique. Some animals showed no cochlear morphologic changes or no cochlear blood‐flow reduction, even if tubal patency was maintained and perilymph leakage lasted for 1 month. This suggests that a prolonged perilymph fistula, per se, causes no permanent cochlear damage. However, in some animals, hair cell damage and cochlear blood‐flow disorders were observed. These observations and the causes of hearing loss in clinical cases of perilymph fistula were studied.
The recurrent laryngeal nerve in relation to the inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx
Authors: Wafae Nader , Vieira Magno Cèsar , Vorobieff Antonina 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe point of penetration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve into the larynx is recognized as the most frequent site of injury to the nerve during surgical procedures of the thyroid gland. The anatomical relationships of 25 right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves in 25 anatomical blocks from formalin‐fixed human corpses have been studied.In 34 cases (68%), the recurrent laryngeal nerve penetrated into the larynx below the lower fibers of the inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx (type 1 of penetration). In the remaining 16 cases (32%), the nerve crossed through those muscle fibers to penetrate into the larynx (type 2 of penetration).The thyroid gland was found to involve the recurrent laryngeal nerve at the penetration point into the larynx in 19 of 50 cases (38%).
A methodological study of hemilaryngeal phonation
Authors: Jiang Jack Jiaqi , Titze Ingo R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn excised hemilarynx setup was developed. The phonatory characteristics of nine excised canine larynges were examined. The left vocal fold of each larynx was then removed and substituted with a vertical plexiglass plate. The larynges were phonated again. Recordings were made of phonation threshold pressure, sound pressure level, average glottal flow, fundamental frequency, and amplitude of vocal fold vibration as observed with a video stroboscope. Measurements were made over a range of subglottal pressures. For the hemilarynx, simultaneous recordings of intraglottal pressure and vocal fold contact area were also made. It was found that amplitude and frequency of vocal fold vibration of the hemilarynx, as well as rates of change of amplitude and frequency as a function of subglottal pressure, were similar to those of the full larynx. Also similar were phonation threshold pressures and ranges of subglottal pressure over which the larynges phonated. The average airflow of the hemilarynx was approximately half that of the full larynx, and the sound pressure level, under similar conditions, was one fourth (about 6 dB less) in the hemilarynx.