bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: Bertoni Alain G. , Wong Nathan D. , Shea Steven , Ma Shuangge , Liu Kiang , Preethi Srikanthan , Jacobs David R. , Wu Colin , Saad Mohammed F. , Szklo Moyses 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the association of insulin resistance and clinically defined metabolic syndrome (MetS) with subclinical atherosclerosis and examine whether these relationships vary by race/ethnicity or sex.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT) in 5,810 participants without diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a cohort of adults aged 45–84 years without prior cardiovascular disease (CVD). Fasting insulin and glucose were utilized to estimate insulin resistance by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and the revised National Cholesterol Education Program definition of MetS was utilized. Multivariable linear or relative risk regression was used to analyze the association between HOMA-IR and subclinical atherosclerosis and assess its independence from MetS components.
RESULTS—HOMA-IR was associated with increased IMT after adjustment for demographics (age, site, and education), smoking, education, and LDL cholesterol in each ethnic group, except Hispanic subjects, and in both men and women. After further adjusting for nonglucose MetS components, HOMA-IR was not associated with increased IMT. Subjects in the highest quintile of HOMA-IR had an elevated prevalence of CAC in each ethnic group and both sexes, after adjustment for demographics, smoking, and LDL but not after further adjustment for nonglucose MetS components. Among those with detectable CAC, there was no significant relationship between HOMA-IR and the amount of CAC.
CONCLUSIONS—Although HOMA-IR was associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis, the association was not independent of the risk factors that comprise MetS. Determination of HOMA-IR is unlikely to contribute to improved determination of risk of subclinical CVD.
Cognitive Function and Army Rejection Rate in Young Adult Male Offspring of Women With Diabetes
Authors: Nielsen Gunnar Lauge , Dethlefsen Claus , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Pedersen Jan Fog , Molsted-Pedersen Lars 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE—While maternal diabetes is a known risk factor for perinatal complications, there is little data on long-term intellectual outcome in offspring. We compare the rejection rate and cognitive functioning of military conscripts according to maternal diabetes status during pregnancy.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We identified a cohort of Danish male offspring of diabetic mothers born between 1976 and 1984 and followed this cohort together with population-based control subjects to military conscription. The main outcome was army rejection rate and cognitive function measured with a validated intelligence test.
RESULTS—The army rejection rate was 52.5% among 282 men whose mothers had diabetes during pregnancy and 45.4% among 870 control subjects (risk difference 7.3 [95% CI 0.6–14.0]). Mean cognitive scores were 41.4 units (95% CI 40.2–42.6) in diabetes-exposed conscripts and 42.7 units (42.0–43.4) in control subjects. Stratification by gestational age, Apgar score, and White’s class (A–F) did not change the associations. In a subgroup analysis using available data on A1C levels during pregnancy, this variable was inversely associated with cognitive functioning. In men with maternal A1C &lt;7%, cognitive scores were identical to those in control subjects.
CONCLUSIONS—The slightly higher army rejection rate in men with maternal diabetes indicates higher morbidity. The identical cognitive functioning in cases of well-controlled maternal diabetes compared with that in control subjects is reassuring, but the negative association between A1C and cognitive score highlights the importance of striving for optimal metabolic control in diabetic women who are or plan to become pregnant.
Optical Sensor Based on Nanomaterial for the Selective Detection of Toxic Metal Ions
Authors: Lee S. J. , Lee J.‐E. , Seo J. , Jeong I. Y. , Lee S. S. , Jung J. H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA heterogeneous “naked‐eye” colorimetric and spectrophotometric cation sensor, SNT‐1, was prepared by immobilization of the azo‐coupled macrocyclic receptor 1 on a silica nanotube (SNT) via sol–gel reaction. The optical sensing ability of SNT‐1 was studied by addition of metal ions such as Ag+, Co2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ (all as nitrates) in water. Upon the addition of Hg2+ in suspension SNT‐1 resulted in a color change from yellow to violet. This is novel rare example for chromogenic sensing of a specific metal ion by inorganic nanotubes. On the other hand, no significant changes in color were observed in the parallel experiments with Co2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and Ag+. These findings confirm that SNT‐1 can be useful as chemosensors for selective detection of Hg2+ over a range of metal ions. More interestingly, after addition of NO3– and ClO4– SNT‐1 was observed to change color from yellow to violet and pink, respectively. However, no color changes were observed upon addition of Cl–, Br–, I–, SCN–, or SO42–. Furthermore, the extraction ability of SNT‐1 was also estimated by measuring the amount of Hg2+ adsorbed by ion chromatography, showing that 95 % of the Hg2+ ion is extracted by SNT‐1. This suggests that SNT‐1 is potentially useful as a stationary phase for the separation of Hg2+ in liquid chromatography. In order to extend the above performance to a portable chemosensor kit, SNT‐1 was coated as a thin film of 50 μm thickness onto a glass substrate. The supported SNT‐1 also changed from yellow to violet when dipped into Hg2+ solution. On the other hand, no significant change in color was observed in other metal‐ion solutions. The results imply that the supported SNT‐1 is applicable as a portable colorimetric sensor for detection of Hg2+ in the field.
High‐Efficiency Red Phosphorescent Iridium Dendrimers with Charge‐ Transporting Dendrons: Synthesis and Electroluminescent Properties
Authors: Liang B. , Wang L. , Xu Y. H. , Shi H. H. , Cao Y. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA series of 1‐phenylisoquinoline derivatives encapsulated with peripheral arylamines as dendrons are synthesized by using the Ullmann reaction and palladium‐catalyzed aromatic carbon–carbon Suzuki‐coupling reactions. Red‐emitting dendritic iridium complexes (called G1‐1, G1‐2, and G2) are synthesized using the following derivatives: N,N‐diphenyl‐3′‐isoquinolin‐4‐biphenylaniline, N,N‐di(9,9‐dimethylfluorenyl‐3′‐isoquinolin‐4‐biphenylaniline, N,N‐di(4′‐di(2′‐(9′,9′‐dimethylfluorenyl)amine)biphenyl‐3′‐isoquinolin‐4‐biphenylaniline as the first ligands and 5‐methyl‐3‐(pyridin‐2′‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole as an ancillary ligand. The obtained dendrimers are soluble in common organic solvents, and uniform thin films can be spin‐coated from such solutions. Devices fabricated from dendritic iridium complexes G1‐2 and G2 with a small molecule host are fabricated by spin‐coating from chloroform solution in different device configurations. G1‐2 and G2 show similar device performances with maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 12.8 % and 11.8 % (photons/electron) and luminous efficiency of 9.2 cd A–1 and 8.5 cd A–1 at 0.1 mA cm–2, respectively. Devices based on polymer host poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)(PFO) (30 % PBD (2‐(4‐biphenyl)‐5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole)) show a slightly higher efficiency for G1‐2, with a maximum EQE of 13.9 % at a much higher current density of 6.4 mA cm–2 and luminance of 601 cd m–2.
Control of Specular and Diffuse Reflection of Light Using Particle Self‐Assembly at the Polymer and Metal Interface
Authors: Ahn J. S. , Hendricks T. R. , Lee I. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe present a novel method of controlling the specular and diffuse reflection of light by the electrostatic deposition of a spherical particle monolayer followed by electroless plating. Charged polystyrene colloidal particles, ranging in size from 100 nm to 5 μm, were adsorbed from solution onto oppositely charged polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM). The monodisperse particle monolayers were coated with nickel in a two‐step electroless plating process using palladium catalysts. These surfaces can be used as diffusive metal reflectors with a uniformly controlled surface roughness due to the uniform size of deposited particles. In addition, the self‐assembled particles at the polymer and metal interface deflected the internal stresses that build‐up at the interface while the metal was being deposited. This allowed a thicker metal film to be deposited before delamination occurred. A UV‐VIS spectrometer with movable fiber optic cables was employed to characterize the optical properties of the reflectors. The optical fibers permit versatile and precise measurements of specular and diffuse reflectance. By measuring the angular dependent reflectance, we demonstrate how to estimate the distribution of reflected light from the nickel coated surface and how to calculate the ratio of specular and diffuse reflection in the total reflected light. Optical measurements of our nickel samples showed that this approach could be used to control the portion of diffuse reflection from 8.25 to 59.97 %. Additionally, a quartz crystal microbalance was employed to study the electroless nickel plating rate on PEM. Our proposed method is simple, cost‐effective and convenient for mass production because the process consists of a series of simple immersion steps without vacuum technology or special equipment.
Molecular diagnosis and monitoring in the clinical management of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Ou Joyce , Vergilio Jo‐Anne , Bagg Adam 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe well‐established molecular pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and its consequences for laboratory testing and clinical management illustrate a classic paradigm for the importance of molecular diagnostics in targeted drug therapy. The success of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), imatinib, as the currently recommended first‐line treatment of early chronic phase CML has both fueled the need for timely and reproducible molecular testing of the BCR‐ABL1 fusion transcript in diagnosis and monitoring as well as necessitated the detection of kinase domain mutations that confer resistance to this agent. As, ongoing research continues to refine guidelines for monitoring residual disease in patients undergoing TKI therapy, an understanding of molecular technologies and their interpretation is critical. This review summarizes the molecular strategies that are currently employed in the initial diagnosis and subsequent management of CML patients maintained on TKI therapy. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MTHFR C677T polymorphisms among the Ahirs and Jats of Haryana (India)
Authors: Saraswathy K.N. , Mukhopadhyay Rupak , Sinha Ekata , Aggarwal Shweta , Sachdeva M.P. , Kalla A.K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a vital enzyme catalyzing the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) linked reduction of 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5‐methylenetetrahydrofolate, which serves as cofactor in methylation of homocysteine to methionine. Three clinically important mutations of the MTHFR gene namely C677T, A1298C, and T1317C are reported to be associated with various pathological conditions. The present study deals with the screening of C677T mutation among two endogamous groups viz. Ahirs and Jats of Haryana (India). The mutation is reported to be significantly associated with thrombosis, hypertension, stroke and myocardial infraction, neural tube defects (NTDs), and recurrent pregnancy loss. The T allele among Jats is found to be more frequent (0.06) than Ahirs (0.03). Moreover, the Jats population shows a significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with respect to C677T mutation. This could probably be due to some selection pressure operating in the population. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of developmental conditions on adult salivary estradiol levels: Why this differs from progesterone?
Authors: Núñez‐De La Mora Alejandra , Bentley Gillian R. , Choudhury Osul A. , Napolitano Dora A. , Chatterton Robert T. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWomen living in energetically stressful conditions have significantly lower baseline salivary steroid levels compared to those in affluent environments. Developmental hypotheses suggest that interpopulation variation in ovarian function results from contrasting environments experienced during growth. We use a migrant study of Bangladeshi women to test this hypothesis. We compared middle‐class women (19–39 years) who migrated to London, UK, at different life‐stages (pre and postmenarche), with Bangladeshi sedentees, second‐generation British‐Bangladeshis, and white British women living in similar London neighborhoods (total n = 227). We analyzed levels of salivary estradiol for one menstrual cycle, together with data on anthropometry, diet, lifestyle, and migration and reproductive histories. Results from multiple linear regression models, controlling for anthropometric and reproductive variables, show no significant differences in baseline estradiol levels between groups whether all cycles or just ovulatory cycles are analyzed. We also found no correlation between age at migration or time since migration on estradiol levels, nor between adult estradiol levels and age at menarche. Our results differ from previous reports of significantly lower salivary estradiol levels in populations living in more extreme ecological settings. They also contrast with our previous findings of significant intergroup differences in baseline levels of salivary progesterone. However, women who spent their childhood in Sylhet have a lower proportion of ovulatory cycles compared to women who developed in Britain. These group differences in ovulation frequency indicate more qualitative effects of contrasting developmental environments. We discuss possible explanations for differences in response between progesterone and estradiol, as well as broader implications of our findings. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Five cases of caudal regression with an aberrant abdominal umbilical artery: Further support for a caudal regression–sirenomelia spectrum
Authors: Duesterhoeft Sara M. , Ernst Linda M. , Siebert Joseph R. , Kapur Raj P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSirenomelia and caudal regression have sparked centuries of interest and recent debate regarding their classification and pathogenetic relationship. Specific anomalies are common to both conditions, but aside from fusion of the lower extremities, an aberrant abdominal umbilical artery (“persistent vitelline artery”) has been invoked as the chief anatomic finding that distinguishes sirenomelia from caudal regression. This observation is important from a pathogenetic viewpoint, in that diversion of blood away from the caudal portion of the embryo through the abdominal umbilical artery (“vascular steal”) has been proposed as the primary mechanism leading to sirenomelia. In contrast, caudal regression is hypothesized to arise from primary deficiency of caudal mesoderm. We present five cases of caudal regression that exhibit an aberrant abdominal umbilical artery similar to that typically associated with sirenomelia. Review of the literature identified four similar cases. Collectively, the series lends support for a caudal regression–sirenomelia spectrum with a common pathogenetic basis and suggests that abnormal umbilical arterial anatomy may be the consequence, rather than the cause, of deficient caudal mesoderm. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Social–biological information technology: An integrated conceptual framework
Authors: Nahl Diane 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA model is proposed that is motivated by the growing theoretical importance of the affective domain in information science (IS) and human–computer interaction (HCI), and the increased need for integrated models that provide an explicit account of how human mental and physiological systems dynamically interact in task performance with information systems. The ecological constructionism framework defines a social and biological information technology that is created through the dynamic intersection of technological affordances in symbiotic interaction with affective, cognitive, and sensorimotor information procedures that users creatively construct to satisfice the social practices inherent in information settings. Samples of spontaneous user discourse were mapped, demonstrating the model's suitability for charting the flow of mental procedures that users perform in interaction with information systems. The framework is shown to be compatible with the research focus in the literature on information behavior in IS and user affect in HCI. It also addresses current challenges to create more versatile architectures integrating technology, biology, and community into organic or synergic systems. The model specifies the components and dynamics of a human–computer symbiotic information environment.
Optical flares from the faint mid‐dM star 2MASS J00453912+4140395
Authors: Kővári Zs. , Vilardell F. , Ribas I. , Vida K. , van Driel‐Gesztelyi L. , Jordi C. , Oláh K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe present B and V light curves of a large stellar flare obtained with the Wide Field Camera at the Isaac Newton 2.5‐m telescope (La Palma). The source object is a faint (mV = 21.38) foreground star in the field of the Andromeda galaxy, with its most probable spectral type being dM4. We provide an estimate of the total flare energy in the optical range and find it to be of the order of 1035 erg. The cooling phase of the large flare shows three additional weak flare‐like events, which we interpret as results of a triggering mechanism also observed on the Sun during large coronal mass ejections. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Productivity and impact of astronomical facilities: A statistical study ofpublications and citations
Authors: Trimble V. , Ceja J.A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn calendar years 2001 and 2002, 20 journals of astronomy and astrophysics published 7768 papers that reported or analyzed observations at wavelengths from meter radio to ultrahigh energy gamma rays. In the three calendar years after publication, these papers were cited more than 97 000 times, according to the Science Citation Index/Web of Science data base (the most complete, we believe, available), for an average rate of 4.19 citations per paper per year.We slice these data up several ways, by subject matter, wavelength band, and the telescopes (etc.) used. Most of the results will not surprise: There are hot topics (cosmology, exoplanets) and not so hot topics (binary stars, planetary nebulae). Papers reporting spacebased data are cited a bit more often and radio papers a bit less often than optical papers, but multi‐wavelength studies do the best. The total number of telescopes involved is surprisingly large, about 330 optical and infrared (mostly ground based but including HST), 109 radio (including COBE and VSOP satellites), and 90 space based (including satellites, interplanetary probes, things carried on rockets, balloons, the Shuttle, and so forth). The superstar telescopes are (mostly) the ones you would expect, though having the most papers does not always go with largest ratios of citations per paper. HST produces the largest number of optical papers, but SDSS the most highly‐cited ones, while the VLA is responsible for the largest number of radio papers and the most highly cited (apart from balloon‐borne CMB observatories), and among things that fly, the most recent tend to dominate both paper and citation numbers. If you have to choose, it is probably better to opt for a small telescope on a well‐supported site than a larger one with less support, and service to the community, in the form of catalogues and mission definitions, is rewarded, at least in citation counts, if not always in other ways. A few comparisons are made with other studies. The main difference is that we have included all the papers and all the telescopes for the years chosen, rather than focussing on one or a few observatories or skimming the cream of most‐cited papers or ones from the highest‐profile journals. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Combining astrometry with the light‐time effect: The case of VW Cep, ζ Phe and HT Vir
Authors: Zasche P. , Wolf M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThree eclipsing binary systems with astrometric orbit have been studied. For a detailed analysis two circular‐orbit binaries (VW Cep and HT Vir) and one binary with an eccentric orbit (ζ Phe) have been chosen. Merging together astrometry and the analysis of the times of minima, one is able to describe the orbit of such a system completely. The O – C diagrams and the astrometric orbits of the third bodies were analysed simultaneously for these three systems by the least‐squares method. The introduced algorithm is useful and powerful, but also time consuming, due to many parameters which one is trying to derive. The new orbits for the third bodies in these systems were found with periods 30, 221, and 261 yr, and eccentricities 0.63, 0.37, and 0.64 for VWCep, ζ Phe, and HT Vir, respectively. Also an independent approach to compute the distances to these systems was used. The use of this algorithm to VW Cep gave the distance d = (27.90 ± 0.29) pc, which is in excellent agreement with the previous Hipparcos result. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Toward an integrated straw‐based biorefinery
Authors: Deswarte Fabien E. I. , Clark James H. , Wilson Ashley J. , Hardy Jeff J. E. , Marriott Ray , Chahal Surinder P. , Jackson Charles , Heslop Graham , Birkett Michael , Bruce Toby J. , Whiteley Geoff 
Published: October 2007

AbstractStraw is a good example of a low‐value, high‐volume agricultural by‐product that can be the basis for a biorefinery, which should aim (to be truly sustainable and economically viable) to process the feedstock into a variety of valuable products cleanly and efficiently. This article discusses a clean technology –supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, which can represent an ideal initial processing stage in a biorefinery supplied with wheat straw or any appropriate biofeedstock. It also describes different biorefining scenarios and determines the potential economic benefits that might result from a coordinated structure. This working example is the culmination of four years of research undertaken by a consortium led by the University of York and consisting of a number of industrial and academic partners across the supply chain. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd