bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma fentanyl concentrations and analgesic effects during full or partial exposure to transdermal fentanyl patches in cats
Authors: Davidson Charisse D. , Pettifer Glenn R. , Henry Jack D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare plasma fentanyl concentrations and analgesic efficacy during full or partial exposure to 25-μg/h transdermal fentanyl patches (TFPs) in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.Animals—16 client-owned cats.Procedure—Cats were randomly assigned to receive full or partial exposure to a TFP; patches were applied approximately 24 hours prior to ovariohysterectomy. Rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood glucose concentration, and blood pressure were measured and pain severity was assessed periodically for 72 hours after patch application. Venous blood samples were collected for determination of plasma fentanyl concentration 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after patch application.Results—Mean ± SD steady state plasma fentanyl concentration in cats in the full TFP exposure group (1.78 ± 0.92 ng/mL) was significantly greater than concentration in cats in the partial exposure group (1.14 ± 0.86 ng/mL). Steady state plasma fentanyl concentrations were evident between 18 and 72 hours after patch application. Subjective scores used to evaluate analgesic efficacy were not significantly different between treatment groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that delivery of fentanyl from TFPs can be reduced by decreasing the amount of exposed surface area. In cats weighing < 4 kg (9 lb), exposure to half a 25-μg/h TFP appears to provide adequate analgesia following ovariohysterectomy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004:224:700–705)
Ultrasonographic findings in dogs with hyperammonemia: 90 cases (2000–2002)
Authors: Szatmári Viktor , Rothuizen Jan , van den Ingh Ted S. G. A. M. , van Sluijs Frederik J. , Voorhout George 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine ultrasonographic abnormalities in dogs with hyperammonemia.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—90 client-owned dogs with hyperammonemia.Procedure—Ultrasonography of the abdominal vessels and organs was performed in a systematic way. Dogs in which the ultrasonographic diagnosis was a congenital portosystemic shunt were included only if they underwent laparotomy or necropsy. Dogs in which the abdominal vasculature appeared normal and dogs in which the ultrasonographic diagnosis was acquired portosystemic shunts and portal hypertension were included only if liver biopsy specimens were submitted for histologic examination.Results—Ultrasonography excluded portosystemic shunting in 11 dogs. Acquired portosystemic shunts were found in 17 dogs, of which 3 had arterioportal fistulae and 14 had other hepatic abnormalities. Congenital portosystemic shunts were found in 61 dogs, of which 19 had intrahepatic shunts and 42 had extrahepatic shunts. Intrahepatic shunts originated from the left portal branch in 14 dogs and the right portal branch in 5. Extrahepatic shunts originated from the splenic vein, the right gastric vein, or both and entered the caudal vena cava or the thorax. Ultrasonography revealed splenic-caval shunts in 24 dogs, right gastric-caval shunts in 9 dogs, splenic-azygos shunts in 8 dogs, and a right gastric-azygos shunt in 1 dog.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that ultrasonography is a reliable diagnostic method to noninvasively characterize the underlying disease in dogs with hyperammonemia. A dilated left testicular or ovarian vein was a reliable indicator of acquired portosystemic shunts. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:717–727)
Use of signal-averaged electrocardiography in the evaluation of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in Boxers
Authors: Spier Alan W. , Meurs Kathryn M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) for evaluation of Boxers with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and identify dogs at risk for sudden death (SD) or death related to congestive heart failure (CHF).Design—Prospective study.Animals—94 Boxers with ARVC and 49 clinically normal non-Boxers (controls).Procedure—Boxers were screened for ARVC, and severity was estimated by use of echocardiography, 24-hour ambulatory ECG, and SAECG. Statistical evaluation was performed to identify significant differences in SAECG variables relative to clinical outcome, frequency of ventricular arrhythmias, and systolic function. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were evaluated for each SAECG variable for occurrence of SD or death related to CHF. Late potentials were also evaluated as a predictor of cardiac-related death.Results—Differences were detected in SAECG variables on the basis of clinical outcome, systolic function, and frequency of ventricular arrhythmias. More severely affected dogs had significantly more abnormal SAECG findings. The presence of late potentials, defined as 2 abnormal root mean square values (of 4), was associated with high sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value for cardiac-related SD or death secondary to CHF.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that SAECG is a useful noninvasive diagnostic test to evaluate dogs affected with ARVC and identify individuals at risk for cardiac-related death. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:1050–1055)
Effects of meloxicam on severity of lameness and other clinical signs of osteoarthritis in dogs
Authors: Peterson Kurt D. , Keefe Thomas J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of meloxicam on severity of lameness and other clinical signs in dogs with osteoarthritis (OA).Design—Randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial.Animals—217 client-owned dogs with clinical and radiographic signs of OA.Procedure—Dogs were randomly assigned to be treated with meloxicam (n = 105; 0.2 mg/kg [0.09 mg/lb], SC, once on day 1, then 0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h, for 13 days) or a placebo (n = 112). A general clinical score was assigned by investigators on days 1 (ie, prior to initiation of treatment), 8, and 15 on the basis of severity of lameness, extent of weight bearing, and severity of signs during palpation of the affected joint. Owners and investigators provided overall evaluations on days 8 and 15.Results—Dogs treated with meloxicam had significantly greater improvements in general clinical scores, compared with baseline scores, on days 8 and 15 than did dogs treated with placebo. On days 8 and 15, percentages of dogs treated with meloxicam in which owners and investigators considered treatment to be successful were significantly higher than percentages of control dogs in which treatment was considered to be successful. No abnormalities in hematologic and serum biochemical test results were detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that compared with administration of a placebo, administration of meloxicam for 14 days significantly improved the clinical condition of dogs with OA without causing adverse effects. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:1056–1060)
Evaluation of an outbreak of West Nile virus infection in horses: 569 cases (2002)
Authors: Schuler Larry A. , Khaitsa Margaret L. , Dyer Neil W. , Stoltenow Charles L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To characterize an outbreak of West Nile
virus (WNV) infection in horses in North Dakota in
2002, evaluate vaccine effectiveness, and determine
horse characteristics and clinical signs associated
with infection.

Design—Retrospective study .

Animals—569 horses.

Procedure—Data were obtained from veterinary laboratory
records, and a questionnaire was mailed to
veterinarians of affected horses.

Results—Affected horses were defined as horses
with typical clinical signs and seroconversion or positive
results of virus isolation; affected horses were
detected in 52 of the 53 counties and concentrated in
the eastern and northeastern regions of the state.
Among affected horses, 27% (n = 152) were vaccinated
against WNV, 54% (309) were not, and 19%
(108) had unknown vaccination status; 61% (345)
recovered, 22% (126) died, and 17% (98) had
unknown outcome. The odds of death among nonvaccinated
horses were 3 and 16 times the odds among
horses that received only 1 or 2 doses of vaccine and
horses that were vaccinated according to manufacturer's
recommendations, respectively. Horses with
recumbency, caudal paresis, and age > 5 years had
higher odds of death, whereas horses with incoordination
had lower odds of death, compared with affected
horses without these characteristics.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Vaccination
appears to have beneficial effects regarding infection
and death caused by WNV. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:1084–1089)
Anesthetic indices of sevoflurane and isoflurane in unpremedicated dogs
Authors: Galloway David S. , Ko Jeff C. H. , Reaugh H. Fulton , Mandsager Ronald E. , Payton Mark E. , Inoue Tomohito , Portillo Erin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare the anesthetic index of sevoflurane with that of isoflurane in unpremedicated dogs.Design—Randomized complete-block crossover design.Animals—8 healthy adult dogs.Procedure—Anesthesia was induced by administering sevoflurane or isoflurane through a face mask. Time to intubation was recorded. After induction of anesthesia, minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) was determined with a tail clamp method while dogs were mechanically ventilated. Apneic concentration was determined while dogs were breathing spontaneously by increasing the anesthetic concentration until dogs became apneic. Anesthetic index was calculated as apneic concentration divided by MAC.Results—Anesthetic index of sevoflurane (mean ± SEM, 3.45 ± 0.22) was significantly higher than that of isoflurane (2.61 ± 0.14). No clinically important differences in heart rate; systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressures; oxygen saturation; and respiratory rate were detected when dogs were anesthetized with sevoflurane versus isoflurane. There was a significant linear trend toward lower values for end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide during anesthesia with sevoflurane, compared with isoflurane, at increasing equipotent anesthetic doses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that sevoflurane has a higher anesthetic index in dogs than isoflurane. Sevoflurane and isoflurane caused similar dose-related cardiovascular depression, but although both agents caused dose-related respiratory depression, sevoflurane caused less respiratory depression at higher equipotent anesthetic doses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:700–704)
Pneumothorax in dairy cattle: 30 cases (1990–2003)
Authors: Slack Jo Ann , Thomas Chet B. , Peek Simon F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the features, underlying causes, results of diagnostic testing, and treatment of pneumothorax in dairy cattle.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—30 dairy cattle.Procedure—Medical records of all cattle with a diagnosis of pneumonia were reviewed. For cattle with pneumothorax, information was obtained pertaining to signalment, anamnesis, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Survival data were compared between cattle with pneumonia with or without pneumothorax.Results—Pneumothorax was associated with bronchopneumonia in 18 cattle, interstitial pneumonia in 7 cattle, pharyngeal or laryngeal trauma in 3 cattle, and neonatal respiratory distress in 2 calves. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus was the most commonly detected infectious agent. Eighteen of 30 (60%) cattle survived; 8 were euthanatized and 4 died. Survival rate was 81% for cattle with pneumonia without pneumothorax during the same time period. Pneumothorax was a significant risk factor for failure to survive to discharge from the hospital for cattle with underlying chronic bronchopneumonia.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pneumothorax in dairy cattle appears to occur most commonly in association with chronic bronchopneumonia. Cattle of both sexes and all ages can be affected. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:732–735)
Contralateral hand anesthesia transiently improves poststroke sensory deficits
Authors: Voller Bernhard , Flöel Agnes , Werhahn Konrad J. , Ravindran Shashi , Wu Carolyn W. , Cohen Leonardo G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo test a possible strategy to alleviate somatosensory deficits after stroke.MethodsHere, we applied ischemic nerve block to the intact hand of patients with chronic stroke, which in healthy subjects elicits improvements in sensibility of the other hand.ResultsWe found that sensibility in the affected hand improved with intact hand anesthesia, but not with intact foot anesthesia or no anesthesia.InterpretationWe conclude that reduction of sensory input from the intact hand leads to site‐specific improvements in tactile discriminative skills in the affected hand after the period of anesthesia, a potentially relevant finding in designing neurorehabilitative interventions. Ann Neurol 2006
Clinical heterogeneity of α‐synuclein gene duplication in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Nishioka Kenya , Hayashi Shin , Farrer Matthew J. , Singleton Andrew B. , Yoshino Hiroyo , Imai Hisamasa , Kitami Toshiaki , Sato Kenichi , Kuroda Ryu , Tomiyama Hiroyuki , Mizoguchi Koichi , Murata Miho , Toda Tatsushi , Imoto Issei , Inazawa Johji , Mizuno Yoshikuni , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveRecently, genomic multiplications of α‐synuclein gene (SNCA) have been reported to cause hereditary early‐onset parkinsonism. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of SNCA multiplications among autosomal dominant hereditary Parkinson's disease (ADPD).MethodsWe screened 113 ADPD probands and 200 sporadic PD cases by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and confirmed SNCA multiplications by flurorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization array.ResultsTwo families (two patients from Family A and one from Family B) with SNCA duplication were identified among ADPD patients. Even though they had the same SNCA duplication, one patient had dementia. Because there was exactly the same difference between the regions originated from each patient, the finding suggests that the phenotype of SNCA multiplication may be also influenced by the range of duplication region. We also detected asymptomatic carriers in the families of both patients. Interestingly, the penetrance ratio was 33.3% (2/6) in one kindred, indicating that the ratio was very much lower than expected.InterpretationThese two newly identified Japanese patients with SNCA duplication and the five previously identified American and European families with SNCA triplication or duplication mutations indicate that the incidence of SNCA multiplication may be more frequent than previously estimated. Ann Neurol 2006
Motor neuron disease in a patient with a mitochondrial tRNAIle mutation
Authors: Borthwick Gillian M. , Taylor Robert W. , Walls Timothy J. , Tonska Kasia , Taylor Geoffrey A. , Shaw Pamela J. , Ince Paul G. , Turnbull Douglass M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract Objective Motor neuron disease (MND) is a common neurodegenerative condition for which the underlying cause is uncertain in many patients. We identified a patient with clinical features suggestive of MND but additional cardiac and metabolic symptoms. We wished to determine if the clinical features were due to a mitochondrial DNA mutation.Methods The brain and spinal cord were studied using neuropathological techniques and agenetic defect investigated in individual neurons.Results There were atypical neuropathological features and genetic studies identified a pathogenic, heteroplasmic mitochondria tRNAIle (4274T>C) mutation.InterpretationThis case adds to the phenotypic variation seen in mitochondrial DNA disease but also highlights the potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the cause of MND. Ann Neurol 2006
Surface functionalization of polymer nanofibers by silver sputter coating
Authors: Wei Q. F. , Ye H. , Hou D. Y. , Wang H. B. , Gao W. D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe surface properties of polymer nanofibers are of importance in many applications. In this study, the electrospun polyamide nanofibers were used as substrates for creating functional coating on the nanofiber surfaces. A direct current (DC) sputter coating was used to deposit functional silver nanofilm onto the nanofibers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) were employed to study the topography and chemical composition of the nanofibers, respectively. The AFM results indicate a significant difference in the morphology of the nanofibers before and after the sputter coating. The observations by AFM also show the change in the morphology of the nanofibers with coating time. A full energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) mounted on the ESEM was also used to detect the elemental composition of the functional nanofibers. EDX examination reveals the change in the chemical compositions of the nanofiber surfaces. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2006
Surface modification of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene. I. Characterization and sintering studies
Authors: Rezaei Mostafa , Ebrahimi Nadereh Golshan , Kontopoulou Marianna 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe performed surface modification of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) through chromic acid etching with the aim of improving the performance of UHMWPE's composites with poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers. In part I of this study, we evaluated the effects of chemical modification on the surface properties of UHMWPE with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle measurements. The thermal properties, rheology, and sintering behavior of the modified UHMWPE were compared to those of the base material. XPS and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the surface of the modified powders. The substitution of polar groups into the backbone of the polymer decreased its contact angles with water and hexadecane and increased its surface energy, as evidenced by contact angle measurements. The modified UHMWPE was more crystalline than the base resin and less prone to thermal degradation. Although the rheological properties were virtually identical, the modified powders sintered more readily, presumably due to their higher surface energy, which suggested enhanced processability by compression molding. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Surface modification of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene. II. Effect on the physicomechanical and tribological properties of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) composites
Authors: Rezaei Mostafa , Shirzad Azadeh , Golshan Ebrahimi Nadereh , Kontopoulou Marianna 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe performed surface modification of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) through chromic acid etching, with the aim of improving the performance of its composites with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers. In this article, we report on the morphology and physicomechanical and tribological properties of modified UHMWPE/PET composites. Composites containing chemically modified UHMWPE had higher impact properties than those based on unmodified UHMWPE because of improved interfacial bonding between the polymer matrix and the fibers and better dispersion of the fibers within the modified UHMWPE matrix. Chemical modification of UHMWPE before the introduction of PET fibers resulted in composites exhibiting improved wear resistance compared to the base material and compared to unmodified UHMWPE/PET composites. On the basis of the morphological studies of worn samples, microploughing and fatigue failure associated with microcracking were identified as the principle wear mechanisms. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Fabrication of a graded‐index polymer optical fiber preform without cavity via the automatic refilling process
Authors: Choi Jin Sung , Im Sang Hyuk , Song Min Young , Park O Ok , Cho Hansol , Hwang Jin Taek 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWhen two monomers with different densities and refractive indices are polymerized under a centrifugal force field, a cavity is generated in the rotational axis as a result of inherent volume shrinkage. Accordingly, an additional monomer‐refilling process is necessary to compensate for the undesirable cavity. In this study, we modified the stepwise refilling process to an automatic process and have successfully fabricated a graded‐index polymer optical fiber preform without a cavity. The process could also reduce the processing time and enhance the transmission speed of a polymer optical fiber compared with the stepwise process. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Protein‐imprinted soft‐wet gel composite microspheres with magnetic susceptibility. II. Characteristics
Authors: Lu Shulai , Cheng Guoxiang , Pang Xingshou 
Published: December 2005

AbstractProtein‐imprinted soft‐gel composite microspheres with magnetic susceptibility (MS‐PIGMs) were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization using Fe3O4 particles as magnetically susceptible component and bovine serum albumin and lysozyme (Lyz) as templates, respectively. The average content of magnetically susceptible component (Fe3O4) inside MS‐PIGMs was determined using thermogravimetric analyzer, and the magnetic characteristics of MS‐PIGMs were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that the resulting MS‐PIGMs had a certain magnetic response to external magnetic fields, and their average content of Fe3O4 was 2.08%. Their recognition specificity was investigated using BSA and Lyz as both templates and control molecules and characterized by high‐performance liquid chromatography, and the mechanism of imprinting and recognition was analyzed. It was shown that the resulting BSA imprinted soft‐gel composite microspheres with magnetic susceptibility (BSA‐PIGMs) and Lyz imprinted soft‐gel composite microspheres with magnetic susceptibility (Lyz‐PIGMs). All exhibited good recognition selectivity for their templates, and the relative separation factor (β) was 4.75 and 5.88, respectively. The recognition selectivity of MS‐PIGMs to their templates depended mainly on the synergic action of a large quantity of hydrogen binding being caused by complementation and very close contact of outer surface of proteins with inner surface of “imprinting cavities.” © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Explanation of tackifier effect on the viscoelastic properties of polyolefin‐based pressure sensitive adhesives
Authors: Yuan Bing , McGlinchey Chris , Pearce Eli M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe effects of three tackifiers on the glass transition temperature, terminal relaxation time, plateau modulus, and steady shear viscosity of polyolefin‐based pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were investigated. Free volume theory and the Gordon‐Taylor equation are used to explain the special effects of tackifiers on the glass transition temperature of the PSA systems. The plateau modulus and zero shear viscosities were determined from which entanglements and monomeric friction coefficients were calculated. The terminal relaxation time (related to the whole molecular chain relaxations) was calculated from the plateau modulus and zero shear viscosity. Explanations were offered as to why tackifiers have “paradoxical” effects on the viscoelastic properties of the polyolefin‐based PSA, such as increasing the glass transition temperature but decreasing the plateau modulus of the base polymer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006