bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMR–spectroscopic investigation of o‐nitrosobenzoic acid
Authors: Schaper Klaus 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of o‐nitrosobenzoic acid 2 has been known for more than 100 years, and the photochemical preparation from o‐nitrobenzaldehyde 1 became a textbook example for [1,5]‐hydrogen shifts. However, neither the 1H–NMR spectra nor the 13C{1H}–NMR of this compound have been reported so far. This fact can most likely be attributed to the monomer–dimer equilibrium of the nitrosobenzoic acid, which leads to rather complex, concentration‐dependent NMR spectra. In this paper, we report a thorough investigation of these spectra. In the 13C‐{1H}‐NMR spectra, all 21 lines could be assigned to the monomeric form, the E‐dimer, and the Z‐dimer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyketides from a marine sponge‐derived fungus Mycelia sterilia and proton–proton long‐range coupling
Authors: Hao Gao , Qing‐Hua Zhang , Miao‐Miao Jiang , Jin‐Shan Tang , Cheng‐Du Miao , Kui Hong , Michio Namikoshi , Nai‐Li Wang , Xin‐Sheng Yao 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA series of polyketide‐originated metabolites (1–5) were isolated from a marine sponge‐derived fungus Mycelia sterilia. Of these, 1–3 were new compounds. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as (4R*, 5S*, 6S*, 8S*, 13R*)‐1‐(2,8‐dihydroxy‐1,2,6‐trimethyl‐1,2,6,7,8,8a‐hexahydro‐naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐3‐methoxy‐propan‐1‐one (1), 4,8‐dihydroxy‐7‐(2‐hydroxy‐ethyl)‐6‐methoxy‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐naphthalen‐1‐one (2) and 1‐methyl‐naphthalene‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid (3). In 1, the proton–proton long‐range coupling phenomenon claimed attention and was discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure elucidation and NMR assignments for two amide alkaloids from a Mangrove endophytic Fungus (No. ZZF‐22)
Authors: Chen Yiguang , Shao Changlun , Huang Zhongjing , Zhang Ying , Cai Xiaoling , She Zhigang , Zhou Shining , Lin Yongcheng 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe structure elucidations and complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments are reported for two new natural products: 3‐benzylidene‐8,8a‐dihydroxy‐2‐methyl‐hexahydro‐pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazine‐1,4‐dione(1) and 4‐hydroxy‐6‐(hydroxy‐phenyl‐methyl)‐N‐(3‐methyl‐butyryl)‐nicotinamide (2). Both of these secondary metabolites were isolated from the fermentation medium of a Mangrove endophytic fungus. High resolution electron impact mass spectrometry (HREIMS), FT‐IR Spectroscopy and NMR experiments including gCOSY, gHMQC, gHMBC and NOE were used for determination of the structures and assignments of the amide alkaloids. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some important aspects in designing high molecular weight poly(L‐lactic acid)–clay nanocomposites with desired properties
Authors: Chowdhury Subhendu Ray 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The main aim of the work reported here was to investigate the effect of clay aspect ratio and functional edge group on the dispersion, degree of order of clays and interfacial strength of high molecular weight poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA)–clay amorphous nanocomposites and consequently their properties. Three kinds of clays (two montmorillonites (SMMTC18 and NMMTC18) and one fluoro‐mica (MC18) with the same surfactant) were used to synthesize three amorphous nanocomposites. Thermomechanical properties, permeability, etc., were compared among composites and with pure PLLA.RESULTS: From X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, both MMTs with lower aspect ratio showed better dispersion and greater degree of disorder, which led to stronger interfacial strength and consequently higher storage modulus than MC18‐based composites. All composites showed better properties than pure PLLA. The oxygen barrier efficiencies of SMMTC18‐ and NMMTC18‐based composites were higher than that of the MC18‐based composites. Due to the highest exposed area and probably stronger interactions, SMMTC18 had the highest nucleating efficiency.CONCLUSIONS: Along with aspect ratio, dispersion and degree of intercalation, the interfacial strength of composites and degree of order of clays are also important issues for property development. Compared to reported results in the literature, our amorphous composites showed less of an improvement of thermomechanical properties as real reinforcement was solely from clays. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of blend composition on the morphology development of electrospun fibres based on PAN/PMMA blends
Authors: Hong Chang Kook , Yang Kap Seung , Oh Seung Hyun , Ahn Jou‐Hyeon , Cho Baik‐Hwan , Nah Changwoon 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of the work presented was to determine the morphology development and relevant change in fibre diameter of a binary polymer blend system during an electrospinning process. The size of the fibre diameter is one of the important factors determining the general properties of non‐woven mats formed from electrospun fibres.RESULTS: The morphology and diameter of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends were investigated as a function of blend ratio using scanning electron microscopy. The diameter of the electrospun PAN/PMMA fibres decreased with increasing PMMA content up to 50 wt%, and then increased again with further increase of PMMA. After thermal treatment, the fibres shrank, and an irregularly shaped morphology was observed.CONCLUSION: The electrospinning of incompatible PAN/PMMA blends leads to a microphase‐separation morphology of fibres. A phase inversion occurs at a PMMA content of between 50 and 75 wt%. Due to the phase inversion, the fibre diameter shows a minimum value at the relevant composition. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
History of accelerated and qualification testing of terrestrial photovoltaic modules: A literature review
Authors: Osterwald C. R. , McMahon T. J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe review published literature from 1975 to the present for accelerated stress testing of flat‐plate terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules. An important facet of this subject is the standard module test sequences that have been adopted by national and international standards organizations, especially those of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The intent and history of these qualification tests, provided in this review, shows that standard module qualification test results cannot be used to obtain or infer a product lifetime. Closely related subjects also discussed include: other limitations of qualification testing, definitions of module lifetime, module product certification, and accelerated life testing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovery of silicon from kerf loss slurry waste for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Wang T. Y. , Lin Y. C. , Tai C. Y. , Fei C. C. , Tseng M. Y. , Lan C. W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe constantly rising price of silicon feedstock has been the most important factor preventing photovoltaic (PV) energy from reaching grid parity. On the other hand, large amount of silicon gets wasted during slicing. We report a promising approach to recycle kerf loss silicon from cutting slurry waste for solar cell applications. Silicon carbide (SiC) and metal impurities were successfully removed by chemical/ physical processing from the slurry waste to recover solar grade silicon. The effects of centrifugation using heavy fluids and high‐temperature treatment in the removal of SiC particles are discussed in detail. Ingots from the recycled silicon were grown by using directional solidification. The average resistivity and minority carrier lifetime of the grown crystals were found to be about 0·7 Ω cm and 1·02 µs, respectively, which were close to the original sawing silicon ingots. Solar cells using multi‐crystalline wafers of recovered silicon were fabricated and the best energy conversion efficiency was found to be 12·6% comparable to those from the high‐purity silicon. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic analysis of protein S‐nitrosylation
Authors: Torta Federico , Usuelli Vera , Malgaroli Antonio , Bachi Angela 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) produces covalent PTMs of specific cysteine residues, a process known as S‐nitrosylation. This route is dynamically regulated and is one of the major NO signalling pathways known to have strong and dynamic interactions with redox signalling. In agreement with this scenario, binding of NO to key cysteine groups can be linked to a broad range of physiological and pathological cellular events, such as smooth muscle relaxation, neurotransmission and neurodegeneration. The characterization of S‐nitrosylated residues and the functional relevance of this protein modification are both essential information needed to understand the action of NO in living organisms. In this review, we focus on recent advances in this field and on state‐of‐the‐art proteomic approaches which are aimed at characterizing the S‐nitrosylome in different biological backgrounds.
Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis of a mouse liver cell line reveals specificity of phosphatase inhibitors
Authors: Pan Cuiping , Gnad Florian , Olsen Jesper V. , Mann Matthias 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe liver is a central organ involved in many aspects of physiology and disease. Signaling properties of hepatocytes, the main liver cell type, are of special interest in metabolic diseases and in regeneration. For this reason we investigated the phosphoproteome of the mouse liver cell line Hepa1‐6 by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and high resolution MS. Using stringent statistical evaluation criteria, we obtained 5433 phosphorylation sites on 1808 proteins. The phosphoproteome encompasses all major protein classes, including a large number of transcription factors. We compared control and phosphatase inhibitor treated cells by SILAC. This enabled ready identification of in vivo phosphorylation sites by sequencing the more abundant, inhibitor induced version of the peptide while still observing the endogenous version. We employed a mixture of pervanadate for blocking protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and calyculin A and deltamethrin for blocking the activities of serine/threonine phosphatases. Interestingly, these commonly used inhibitors in standard concentrations affected only 28% of the phosphopeptides by at least two‐fold. The unaffected sites may be substrates of phosphatases that are not efficiently inhibited, have slow kinetic or sites that are almost stoichiometric in normally growing cells. Finally, we devised a triple labeling strategy comprising control cells, stimulated cells, and phosphatase treated cells to derive an upper bound on phosphorylation occupancy.
Chemokine receptor CCR2 undergoes transportin1‐dependent nuclear translocation
Authors: Favre Nicolas , Camps Montserrat , Arod Christian , Chabert Christian , Rommel Christian , Pasquali Christian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChemokines (CCs) are small chemoattractant cytokines involved in a wide variety of biological and pathological processes. Released by cells in the milieu, and extracellular matrix and activating signalling cascades upon binding to specific G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), they trigger many cellular events. In various pathologies, CCs are directly responsible for excessive recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites and recent studies using chemokine receptor (CCR) antagonists permitted these molecules to reach the market for medical use. While interaction of CCs with their receptors has been extensively documented, downstream GPCR signalling cascades triggered by CC are less well understood. Given the pivotal role of chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in monocyte recruitment, activation and differentiation and its implication in several autoimmune‐inflammatory pathologies, we searched for potential new CCR2‐interacting proteins by engineering a modified CCR2 that we used as bait. Herein, we show the direct interaction of CCR2 with transportin1 (TRN1), which we demonstrate is followed by CCR2 receptor internalization. Further characterization of this novel interaction revealed that TRN1‐binding to CCR2 increased upon time in agonist treated cells and promotes its nuclear translocation in a TRN1‐dependent manner. Finally, we provide evidence that following translocation, the receptor localizes at the outer edge of the nuclear envelope where it is finally released from TRN1.
Quantitative phosphoproteomics by mass spectrometry: Past, present, and future
Authors: Nita‐Lazar Aleksandra , Saito‐Benz Hideshiro , White Forest M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractProtein phosphorylation‐mediated signaling networks regulate much of the cellular response to external stimuli, and dysregulation in these networks has been linked to multiple disease states. Significant advancements have been made over the past decade to enable the analysis and quantification of cellular protein phosphorylation events, but comprehensive analysis of the phosphoproteome is still lacking, as is the ability to monitor signaling at the network level while comprehending the biological implications of each phosphorylation site. In this review we highlight many of the technological advances over the past decade and describe some of the latest applications of these tools to uncover signaling networks in a variety of biological settings. We finish with a concise discussion of the future of the field, including additional advances that are required to link protein phosphorylation analysis with biological insight.
Analysis of protein phosphorylation by monolithic extraction columns based on poly(divinylbenzene) containing embedded titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide nano‐powders
Authors: Rainer Matthias , Sonderegger Harald , Bakry Rania , Huck Christian W. , Morandell Sandra , Huber Lukas A. , Gjerde Douglas T. , Bonn Günther K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe potential of an organic monolith with incorporated titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles was evaluated for the selective enrichment of phosphorylated peptides from tryptic digests. A pipette tip was fitted with a monolith based on divinylbenzene (DVB) of highly porous structure, which allows sample to pass through the monolithic bed. The enrichment of phosphopeptides was enhanced by increasing the pipetting cycles during the sample preparation and a higher recovery could be achieved with adequate buffer systems. A complete automated process was developed for enrichment of phosphopeptides leading to high reproducibility and resulting in a robust method designed to minimize analytical variance while providing high sensitivity at high sample throughput. The effect of particle size on the selectivity of phosphopeptides was investigated by comparative studies with nano‐ and microscale TiO2 and ZrO2 powders. Eleven phosphopeptides from α‐casein digest could be recovered by an optimized mixture of microscale TiO2/ZrO2 particles, whereas nine additional phosphopeptides could be retained by the same mixture of nano‐structured material. When compared to conventional immobilized metal‐ion affinity chromatography and commercial phosphorylation‐enrichment kits, higher selectivity was observed in case of self fabricated tips. About 20 phosphopeptides could be retained from α‐casein and five from β‐casein digests by using TiO2 and ZrO2 based extraction tips. Further selectivity for phosphopeptides was demonstrated by enriching a digest of in vitro phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 (ERK1). Two phosphorylated peptides of ERK1 could be identified by MALDI‐MS/MS measurements and a following MASCOT database search.
Prospective assessment of protracted bacterial bronchitis: Airway inflammation and innate immune activation
Authors: Marchant Julie M. , Gibson Peter G. , Grissell Terry V. , Timmins Naomi L. , Masters I. Brent , Chang Anne B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractProtracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a common cause of paediatric chronic moist cough. PBB is defined as the presence of isolated chronic moist cough which resolves with antibiotic therapy within 2 weeks and an absence of pointers suggesting alternative diagnoses. Our aim was to describe the clinical profile and examine the airway cellularity and likely promoters of neutrophilic inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of children with PBB compared with chronic cough due to other causes and controls. We explored the innate immune signaling receptors, toll‐like receptors (TLR)‐2 and TLR‐4, as well as relevant effector molecules. A cross‐sectional comparison was made of 100 children median age 2.58 years (with either PBB, coughing due to another cause or no cough controls) who underwent flexible bronchoscopy with lavage. BAL was evaluated for airway cytology, microbiology, inflammatory mediators interleukin 8 (IL‐8) and active matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) and TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Children with PBB had marked airway neutrophilia and increased median cytokine levels when compared to those with cough that resolved naturally and no cough controls: IL‐8 0.67 versus 0.07 and 0.06 ng/ml (P < 0.005) and active MMP‐9 7.25 versus 1.35 and 0.38 ng/ml (P < 0.005). The values for TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 mRNA expression were significantly elevated in children with PBB when compared to the control group. PBB is a paediatric condition which presents with chronic moist cough and its airway profile is characterized by intense neutrophilic airway inflammation with marked inflammatory mediator response and evidence of innate immune activation. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1092–1099. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic cough and tonsillar hypertrophy: A case series
Authors: Gurgel Richard K. , Brookes James T. , Weinberger Miles M. , Smith Richard J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTwo patients with intractable chronic cough were found to have tonsillar tissue impinging on their epiglottis. In both case, tonsillectomy was curative. The observations in these patients are consistent with a previous report indicating chronic cough from the uvula in contact with the epiglottis with cough cessation following uvulectomy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1147–1149. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calibration of respiratory inductance plethysmograph in preterm infants with different respiratory conditions
Authors: Emeriaud Guillaume , Eberhard André , Benchetrit Gila , Debillon Thierry , Baconnier Pierre 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRespiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) is a method for respiratory measurements particularly attractive in infants because it is noninvasive and it does not interfere with the airway. RIP calibration remains controversial in neonates, and is particularly difficult in infants with thoraco‐abdominal asynchrony or with ventilatory assist. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new RIP calibration method in preterm infants either without respiratory disease, with thoraco‐abdominal asynchrony, or with ventilatory support. This method is based on (i) a specifically adapted RIP jacket, (ii) the least squares method to estimate the volume/motion ribcage and abdominal coefficients, and (iii) an individualized filtering method that takes into account individual breathing pattern. The reference flow was recorded with a pneumotachograph. The accuracy of flow reconstruction using the new method was compared to the accuracy of three other calibration methods, with arbitrary fixed RIP coefficients or with coefficients determined according to qualitative diagnostic calibration method principle. Fifteen preterm neonates have been studied; gestational age was (mean ± SD) 31.7 ± 0.8 weeks; birth weight was 1,470 ± 250 g. The respiratory flow determined with the new method had a goodness of fit at least equivalent to the other three methods in the entire group. Moreover, in unfavorable conditions—breathing asynchrony or ventilatory assist—the quality of fit was significantly higher than with the three other methods (P < 0.05, repeated measures ANOVA). Accuracy of tidal volume measurements was at least equivalent to the other methods, and the breath‐by‐breath differences with reference volumes were lower, although not significantly, than with the other methods. The goodness of fit of the reconstructed RIP flow with this new method—even in unfavorable respiratory conditions—provides a prerequisite for the study of flow pattern during the neonatal period. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1135–1141. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproducibility of spirometry during cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations
Authors: Sanders Don B. , Rosenfeld Margaret , Mayer‐Hamblett Nicole , Stamey David , Redding Gregory J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectives:To compare the within day variation of spirometry between hospital admission, discharge, and outpatient follow up among children with cystic fibrosis (CF) hospitalized for a pulmonary exacerbation.Hypothesis:Within day variation of spirometry will be greater at hospital admission than at hospital discharge or outpatient follow up.Methods:We performed a retrospective review of spirometry data for all patients with CF ≥6 years old admitted to our pediatric CF center for a pulmonary exacerbation in 2004 or 2005. For patients who had previously performed spirometry successfully, measurements were used from one admission only during 2004–2005 if the spirometry occurred within 3 days of hospital admission, 3 days of discharge, or at a follow up clinic visit when well. We compared the within day coefficients of variation (CV) for FVC, FEV1, and FEF25–75 between time points using the Wilcoxon signed rank‐test. We also determined the change in spirometry that is likely to be beyond measurement variability during inpatient treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation.Results:Spirometry data were available from 40 subjects at admission and follow up and 35 at hospital discharge. There was no significant difference in CV at admission, discharge, and follow up for FVC, FEV1, or FEF25–75. The mean (SD) CV was 3.1% (2.7) for FVC, 3.2% (2.1) for FEV1, and 9.7% (7.0) for FEF25–75 at admission, 2.8% (2.2) for FVC, 3.1% (2.1) for FEV1, and 8.1% (6.7) for FEF25–75 at discharge, and 2.7% (1.7) for FVC, 2.8% (2.0) for FEV1, and 8.4% (7.8) for FEF25–75 at follow up. These are similar to previous reports of outpatients with CF. The improvement in spirometry that exceeded measurement variability for our cohort was 80 ml for FVC, 70 ml for FEV1, and 220 ml/sec for FEF25–75.Conclusions:The presence of an acute pulmonary exacerbation in children and adolescents with CF does not substantially contribute to the within day variation in spirometry. Within day variation of spirometry for children with CF during pulmonary exacerbations is similar to previously reported values from clinically stable CF patients. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1142–1146. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.