bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Adenosine and Lactate Coexistence on NK92 Cell
Authors: Xu Xinjie , Nie Wenjie , Ding Fangfang , Chen Chun 
Published: February 2024

Aims: This study aims to investigate the impact of lactate and adenosine, present in the tumor microenvironment (TME), on the immune cell immunity.
Methodology: Five groups included Adenosine concentration screening groups, L-lactic acid and Sodium L-lactate concentration groups, Adenosine + L-lactic acid and Adenosine + sodium L-lactate concentration groups were chosen to evaluate the NK92 cell functions. The proliferation ability and morphological observations of NK92 cells were assessed using a hemocytometer. The CCK-8 assay measured the inhibition of NK92 cell activity in the treatment group, while the crystal violet method evaluated the effect of NK92 cells on the killing ability of A549 cells.
Results: A concentration of 50 μM adenosine served as a reference for high adenosine experimental concentrations, demonstrating a significant impact on NK92 immune cells within the TME. The functional entity "lactic acid" revealed independent effects of lactate [La-] and hydrogen ions [H+]. Lactate enhanced cell viability but reduced NK92 cytotoxicity. Conversely, lactic acid containing hydrogen ions caused a sharp decrease in cell viability and cytotoxicity to tumor cells.
Conclusion: Elevated adenosine concentration and acidification of the tumor microenvironment significantly inhibit the ability of NK cells to kill tumor cells.
Women Empowerment Gaining Right Trajectory: A Perspective from MSME, Odisha, India
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Mishra Durga Prasad , Mohapatra Saswat 
Published: February 2024

In traditional male-dominated society women generally enjoy secondary status in familial and social hierarchy. The widespread condition of gender disparity may be attributed to a lack of gainful employment and fixed wages with a regular source of livelihood. The majority of women are left out of the ambit of the decision-making process due to their inferior social and economic conditions. The status of women can be raised and gender equality can be achieved through MSME which empowers women with upward movement in economic, social and political hierarchy. MSME facilitates women entrepreneurs to utilise their entrepreneurial skills and talent and to play leadership roles to improve the conditions of women folk. The present study focuses on the role of leading women entrepreneurs of Puri district Odisha towards the objective of empowering women. The data gathered through questionnaires, surveys, person to person interaction during field visits/workshops/seminars/presentations form the basis for developing this article. During interaction all points raised, views expressed by respondents, and suggestions gathered were recorded to organize this article. It has been observed MSME sectors have largely contributed to improving women's status through employment, skill upgradation, innovations, and encouraging participative and collaborative decisions. However, simplifying and streamlining activities related to registration, products, production, financing, training, and marketing would enhance further value addition by MSME. The insights earned during the study about ground realities, problem areas, and steps towards a solution will help the researchers, NGOs, SHGs, field agencies, donors, bankers, government institutions, corporate houses, and planners to fine-tune their approach towards women empowerment.
Este maíz no es para pochoclos. Estrategias culturales y productivas de la cooperativa La Comunitaria en el oeste pampeano argentino
Authors: Fernández Clarisa 
Published: February 2024

Este trabajo propone el análisis de las acciones llevadas adelante por la Cooperativa La Comunitaria, una organización artístico-social que cuenta con 16 años de trabajo territorial en las provincias argentinas de Buenos Aires y La Pampa. El artículo busca analizar las articulaciones posibles (conceptuales y materiales) entre políticas culturales y alimento, en una de las acciones específicas de la cooperativa: el circuito productivo del maíz. Así, el trabajo territorial de La Comunitaria articula la producción artística (teatro comunitario) con el desarrollo de proyectos productivos, buscando fortalecer los circuitos alimenticios de subsistencia locales e impulsar el ejercicio de la ciudadanía a través de procesos de organización popular.
Investigation of allyl‐capped carbosilane dendrimers used as crosslinker for silicone rubber
Authors: Zhao Shigui , Zhou Chuanjian , Zhang Jianming , Wang Jin , Feng Shengyu 
Published: January 2006

AbstractHigh‐temperature vulcanized silicone rubber was prepared by using allyl‐capped carbosilane dendrimers, in which the core molecules were Si(CH2CHCH2)4 and Ph2Si(CH2CHCH2)2 as crosslinker and nanoscale reinforcing filler, respectively. Allyl‐capped carbosilane dendrimers improved the mechanical properties of silicone rubber. The optimum tensile strength and tear strength were 9.6 MPa and 31.0 kN/m, respectively, when using SiGn(allyl)m as the crosslinker and 10.1 MPa and 32.0 kN/m, respectively, when using Ph2SiGn(allyl)m as the crosslinker. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1772–1775, 2006
Factors influencing molecular weights of methylcelluloses prepared from annual plants and juvenile eucalyptus
Authors: Ye Daiyong , Farriol Xavier 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe studied the factors that influenced the molecular weights (Mw) of water‐soluble methylcelluloses prepared from annual plants and juvenile eucalyptus. Miscanthus and cardoon stalks, and bleached pulps of abaca, jute, sisal, hemp, and flax were the annual plant materials studied. A higher concentration of NaOH solution during the impregnation led to a spring cardoon methylcellulose having a lower molecular weight. As the impregnation times increased, so did the molecular weights of the water‐soluble methylcelluloses of spring cardoon. The impregnation conditions had less influence on the methylcelluloses of summer cardoon than on the methylcelluloses of spring cardoon. As the cooking times increased, so did the molecular weights of miscanthus methylcelluloses. A lower pulping severity increased the molecular weight of eucalyptus methylcellulose. The preliminary treatments (water soaking, premercerization, mercerization under pressure, and steam explosion) improved the molecular weights of water‐soluble abaca methylcelluloses. The steam explosion method was the best of the preliminary treatments for the abaca pulp. Different species led to different molecular weights for methylcelluloses synthesized from ECF bleached pulps, and these were further improved by preliminary mercerization. The molecular weight of α‐cellulose methylcellulose changed as the ratio of the methylation reagent was varied. To synthesize an optimum Mw of methylcellulose, the different raw materials can be chosen, the pulping parameters adjusted (including impregnation and cooking), the cellulose pretreated, and the methylcellulose conditions changed. The plant species is the decisive factor for the Mw of methylcellulose. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1785–1793, 2006
Does the smart guy win? An individual capability model for predicting presidential elections
Authors: Brause Alison , Cason Kathryn , Spelman William 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCurrent models for predicting US presidential elections focus on economic growth, the popularity of the current President, and incumbency. Most presume implicitly that the election is a referendum on the performance of the sitting President and his party. Characteristics of the opponent and personal characteristics of the incumbent party's candidate are not accounted for. In this paper, we explain and test a new model drawn from the literature on the performance of corporate executives. The model relies on objective measures of the complexity with which each candidate processes information. In all presidential elections for which these measures are available, the candidate who demonstrated the greater complexity of information processing won. Adding the information processing assessment also improves the predictive performance of current models. These findings suggest that the referendum model is needlessly limited, and that voters in fact compare the expected performance of both candidates before making a decision. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins Using H2O2, Part II: Catalytic Activities and Mechanism
Authors: Tse Man Kin , Bhor Santosh , Klawonn Markus , Anilkumar Gopinathan , Jiao Haijun , Spannenberg Anke , Döbler Christian , Mägerlein Wolfgang , Hugl Herbert , Beller Matthias 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAsymmetric epoxidation of olefins with 30 % H2O2 in the presence of [Ru(pybox)(pydic)] 1 and [Ru(pyboxazine)(pydic)] 2 has been studied in detail (pybox=pyridine‐2,6‐bisoxazoline, pyboxazine=pyridine‐2,6‐bisoxazine, pydic=2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylate). 35 Ruthenium complexes with sterically and electronically different substituents have been tested in environmentally benign epoxidation reactions. Mono‐, 1,1‐di‐, cis‐ and trans‐1,2‐di‐, tri‐, and tetra‐substituted aromatic olefins with versatile functional groups can be epoxidized with this type of catalyst in good to excellent yields (up to 100 %) with moderate to good enantioselectivies (up to 84 % ee). Additive and solvent effects as well as the relative rate of reaction with different catalysts have been established. It is shown that the presence of weak organic acids or an electron‐withdrawing group on the catalyst increases the reactivity. New insights on the reaction intermediates and reaction pathway of the ruthenium‐catalyzed epoxidation are proposed on the basis of density functional theory calculation and experiments.
Asymmetric [2+2] photocycloaddition of cycloalkenone–cyclodextrin complexes to ethylene
Authors: Furutani Akinori , Katayama Kyoshige , Uesima Yukihiro , Ogura Mikihiko , Tobe Yoshito , Kurosawa Hideo , Tsutsumi Ken , Morimoto Tsumoru , Kakiuchi Kiyomi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe enantioselective [2+2] photocycloaddition of cycloalkenone‐cyclodextrin complexes to ethylene was examined. Photoreaction of α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrin complexes of various cyclohexenonecarboxylates and cyclopentenonecarboxylates in the presence of ethylene in the solid state or in aqueous suspension gave corresponding photocycloadducts with chiral induction. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality
Parental cancer
Authors: Visser Annemieke , Huizinga Gea A. , Hoekstra Harald J. , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , Hoekstra‐Weebers Josette E.H.M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe vulnerability of children when a parent is diagnosed with cancer may depend on a variety of variables. The current study examined the impact of characteristics of 180 parents diagnosed with cancer, along with 145 spouses, on the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in children.METHODSIll parents provided information on sociodemographics and illness‐related variables and on the prevalence of problems in children by using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Both parents completed the two subscales that measure physical functioning and mental health of the RAND‐36.RESULTSThe family situation (single parents, no or few siblings, oldest child) was one of the most important predictors of reported problems in primary school children, whereas adolescents were reported as having more problems when parents experienced treatment complications. A decrease in ill parents' physical functioning affected primary school daughters and adolescents, and both age groups were affected by the mental health of ill parents. Problems of ill fathers did not have a different impact on children from those of ill mothers. Spouses' physical limitations were indicative for problems in primary school children, whereas a worsening parental mental health was indicative for problems in adolescents.CONCLUSIONSFindings illustrated that parents' characteristics must be taken into account when assessing vulnerability of children in this situation. Which variables particularly heighten the risk for problems depend on children's ages. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of superficial lymphadenopathy: a 5‐year Brazilian experience
Authors: Martins Marcos Roberto , Santos Gilda da Cunha 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTo determine the accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in the diagnostic assessment of lymphadenopathies, a retrospective study was conducted on 627 cases of FNA of the lymph nodes performed at Department of Pathology, UNIFESP (Federal University of São Paulo), between 1997 and 2001. Cytology results were compared to the results of biopsies if available. The cytological diagnosis was unsatisfactory in 14.7% of cases, positive in 46%, and negative in 39.3%. Among the positive cases, 79.4% were classified as metastases, 14.2% as lymphoma, and 6.4% as indeterminate. Anatomopathological exams for the determination of cytohistological correlation were available in 218 of the 627 cases. There were three (1.88%) false‐negative and two (1.25%) false‐positive cases. Accuracy tests revealed 97.41% sensitivity, 95.45% specificity, and 96.88% efficacy, with cytohistological agreement being almost perfect (κ = 0.92). The high accuracy of this study based only on cytomorphological criteria associated to the variety of malignant neoplasias diagnosed by the procedure demonstrates its relevance on patient care, especially in areas of limited financial resources. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006; 34:130–134. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sclerosing papillary lesion of the breast: A diagnostic pitfall for malignancy in fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Saad Reda S. , Kanbour‐Shakir Amal , Syed Ahmed , Kanbour Anisa 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPapillary neoplasms of breast constitute a group of lesions that show broad spectrum of morphological changes, ranging from benign to malignant and posing challenges at all diagnostic levels. Some benign papillary lesions may form well‐defined solid masses with a dominant sclerosed architecture, known as complex sclerosing papillary lesion or simply sclerosing papilloma. The purpose of this study is to apply the previously published criteria for papillary lesions and to identify the cytomorphologic findings that lead to false‐positive diagnosis of these cases. We reviewed the fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of six histologically proven sclerosing papilloma that were called suspicious or malignant on FNAB. The patient age ranged from 40 to 69, with a mean of (43 ± 6) yr. Three patients presented with a palpable lump and two patients had history of fibrocystic disease. All six patients had abnormal screening mammograms. FNAB was performed using a 23‐gauge syringe attached to a commercial holder. FNA smears were markedly hypercellular with large number of epithelial fragments and papillary clusters, discohesive single cells that are hyperchromatic with mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism. Bipolar cells were present in all cases, varying from low to abundant. Intraoperative consultation was requested on four cases. Touch preparations were made on two cases and were reported as suspicious based on the cellularity and nuclear atypia. All surgically excised specimens showed sclerosing complex papillary proliferative lesions with epithelial hyperplasia. In conclusion, FNA cytology of this proliferative lesions may be highly cellular and may display cellular atypia similar to breast carcinoma and thus leads to false‐positive interpretation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006; 34:114–118. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Alkylene‐Bridged Diphenyl‐Oligoynes
Authors: Klinger Christian , Vostrowsky Otto , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA general synthesis route for the preparation of oligoynes stabilized by alkylene bridges is reported. The corresponding macrocycles contain oligoynes with up to eight conjugated triple bonds. The stabilization of the conjugated sp‐oligoyne rods was achieved by bulky terminal phenylic endcaps spanning the alkylene chain to isolate the individual acetylenic rods and to avoid polymerization. Alkylene chains with up to 40 methylene groups were employed. The two terminal acetylene functions were introduced prior to the oligoyne elongation by twofold introduction of additional C2‐acetylene or C4‐butadiyne building blocks. The final step was the intramolecular acetylene coupling upon which very large macrocycles with up to 62 ring members containing segregated sp‐, sp2‐ and sp3‐segments were formed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The First Mimetic of the Transketolase Reaction
Authors: Smith Mark E. B. , Smithies Kirsty , Senussi Tarik , Dalby Paul A. , Hailes Helen C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAlthough the biocatalytic formation of acyclic α,α′‐dihydroxy ketones by transketolase is well documented in the literature, there is currently no one‐pot chemical synthesis of these dihydroxy ketones available. Here, we report preliminary results of an atom‐efficient one‐pot synthesis of α,α′‐dihydroxy ketones in water by a mimic of the transketolase reaction. The formation of a quaternary ammonium enolate is postulated in this tertiary‐amine‐mediated carbon–carbon bond‐forming reaction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Ionic Concentrations and Hydration Numbers of “Supporting Electrolytes”
Authors: Heyrovská Raji 
Published: January 2006

AbstractEight decades ago, Peter Zuman was born when the first polarograms of aqueous “supporting electrolytes” had just been recorded. Around that period, the pioneering idea of partial dissociation due to Arrhenius was unfortunately replaced by that of ‘complete dissociation’ and empirical ‘mean ionic activities’. Over the next decades, as the theory of electrolytes became too complicated to be meaningful, it became clear that the earlier ideas of partial dissociation and hydration were correct. Here, it is shown that solution properties of electrolytes can be explained quantitatively using simple mathematical expressions involving concentrations and volumes of ions and ion‐pairs and hydration numbers. Five tables of degrees of dissociation and hydration numbers of many strong electrolytes are provided in the Appendix.
Efficient burst aggregation for QoS‐aware slotted OBS systems
Authors: Leligou Helen‐C. , Kanonakis Konstantinos , Angelopoulos John , Pountourakis Ioannis , Orphanoudakis Theofanis 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA crucial issue in slotted OBS systems is the slot‐generating traffic aggregation strategy as it impacts heavily on efficiency. The longer the assembly time, the better the fill level, at the penalty of delay, which may affect sensitive services. To fulfil the QoS requirements of demanding traffic and achieve high efficiency whenever possible, two traffic priorities are employed and two different bounds on the aggregation delay are enforced. A slot aggregation strategy that creates a composite slot, improving utilisation gain while respecting service guarantees, is presented and evaluated in this paper. Under this approach a slot is launched whenever high‐priority traffic cannot wait any longer but any low‐priority traffic is accommodated as well, producing an efficiency gain in the sense that more traffic can be sent using the same number of slots. Copyright © 2006 AEIT.
Amine Modifiers with an s‐Triazine Ring for Unsaturated Polyester Resins, 1
Authors: Duliban Jerzy 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: Synthesis and properties of amine modifiers for unsaturated polyester resins are presented. The modifiers were obtained by reacting 3‐azapentan‐1,5‐diol (diethanoloamine) with 2,4‐dichloro‐6‐methoxy‐1,3,5‐triazine, 2‐chloro‐4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazine or with cyanuric chloride. They were incorporated into the structure of typical unsaturated polyester resins in the polycondensation stage, i.e. prior to dilution with styrene, in the amount of 0.25 through to 2.0 wt.‐%. The effect of the modifier presence on the curing behavior of the resulting resins is discussed.Gelation times for unsaturated polyester resins modified with modifiers A, B, and C are shown with the curing system consisting of peroxide initiator and (▪): 0.10 cm3, (•): 0.15 cm3, (▴): 0.25 cm3, and (▾): 0.50 cm3 of cobalt(II) octenate solution per 25 g of resin.imageGelation times for unsaturated polyester resins modified with modifiers A, B, and C are shown with the curing system consisting of peroxide initiator and (▪): 0.10 cm3, (•): 0.15 cm3, (▴): 0.25 cm3, and (▾): 0.50 cm3 of cobalt(II) octenate solution per 25 g of resin.
Bovine corpus luteum is an extrapituitary site of prolactin production
Authors: Shibaya Masami , Murakami Shuko , Tatsukawa Yuko , Skarzynski Dariusz J. , Acosta Tomas J. , Okuda Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractProlactin (PRL) is known to be synthesized not only in the anterior pituitary, but also in other organs including the ovary. Among its various functions, PRL is regarded as the most important constituent of the luteotropic complex in rodents and pigs. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether PRL is produced locally in bovine corpus luteum (CL) and to determine its possible roles in CL. In the present study, we examined changes during the luteal phase in (1) the expressions of PRL and PRL receptors (long form: l‐PRLR, short form: s‐PRLR) in CL and (2) the localization of PRL in CL. We also measured the levels of PRL mRNA in cultured luteal cells and luteal endothelial cells. Furthermore, the effect of PRL on progesterone (P4) and prostaglandin (PG) F2α production by cultured bovine luteal cells was examined. Semiquantitative RT‐PCR analysis revealed that the mRNAs for PRL and its two receptors, l‐ and s‐PRLR, were expressed in all luteal stages examined. PRL mRNA expression was less in the regressed stage (days 19–21 after ovulation) than in the other stages. Both l‐PRLR and s‐PRLR mRNA expressions were higher in the late luteal stage (days 15–17) than in the other stages, while the ratio of l‐PRLR to s‐PRLR was less in the regressed stage than in the other stages. PRL mRNA was also detected in cultured luteal cells and luteal endothelial cells. PRL protein was immunohistochemically detected only in CL of the mid‐ and regressed stages. It was detected in smooth muscle cells of the intraluteal arterioles and endothelial cells but not in luteal cells and other cell types of CL. Exposure of cultured luteal cells obtained from mid‐stage CL (days 8–12) to bovine PRL (100, 200 ng/ml) for 24 hr did not affect P4 and PGF2α production by the cells. The present study demonstrates for the first time the expressions of PRL and PRLR mRNA in bovine CL throughout the luteal phase. The overall results strongly suggest that the bovine CL is an extrapituitary site of PRL production. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.