bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEK signalling pathway is required for hypoblast specification and migration in ovine
Authors: Martínez de los Reyes Nuria , Flores-Borobia Inés , Carvajal-Serna Melissa , Marigorta Pilar , Bermejo-Álvarez Pablo , Ramos-Ibeas Priscila 
Published: March 2024

In brief
MEK signalling pathway is required for hypoblast differentiation in mouse embryos, but its role in ungulate embryos remains controversial. This paper demonstrates that MEK is required for hypoblast specification in the inner cell mass of the ovine blastocyst and that it plays a role during the hypoblast migration occurring following blastocyst hatching.

Abstract
Early embryo development requires the differentiation of three cell lineages in two differentiation events. The second lineage specification differentiates the inner cell mass into epiblast, which will form the proper fetus, and hypoblast, which together with the trophectoderm will form the extraembryonic membranes and the fetal part of the placenta. MEK signalling pathway is required for hypoblast differentiation in mouse embryos, but its role in ungulate embryos remains controversial. The aim of this work was to analyse the role of MEK signalling on hypoblast specification at the blastocyst stage and on hypoblast migration during post-hatching stages in vitro in the ovine species. Using well-characterized and reliable lineage markers, and different MEK inhibitor concentrations, we demonstrate that MEK signalling pathway is required for hypoblast specification in the inner cell mass of the ovine blastocyst, and that it plays a role during the hypoblast migration occurring following blastocyst hatching. These results show that the role of MEK signalling pathway on hypoblast specification is conserved in phylogenetically distant mammals.
Respon Mahasiswa Kelas B Ilmu Politik UINSA Angkatan 2021: Terhadap UU-TPKS dalam Peningkatan Awareness Pelecehan Seksual
Authors: Hamdani Denicha 
Published: March 2024

Artikel ini menjelaskan bagaimana respon mahasiswa Kelas B Ilmu Politik UINSA Angkatan 2021 terhadap UU TPKS dalam peningkatan awareness atau kesadaran adanya tindakan pelecehan seksual yang mungkin terjadi dilingkungan kampus. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh banyaknya kasus pelecehan seksual yang terjadi di ranah pendidikan khususnya perguruan tinggi dimana kasusnya belum terselesaikan dengan adil dan bijak akibat belum adanya payung hukum yang pasti. Selain itu, awareness atau kesadaran mahasiswa terhadap tindakan pelecehan seksual dirasa masih rendah sehingga memicu adanya pelecehan seksual yang mungkin terjadi tanpa disadari oleh mahasiswa. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana UU TPKS yang membahas secara rinci mengenai tindak pidana kekerasan seksual ini dapat membawa pengaruh terhadap awareness atau kesadaran mahasiswa kelas B Ilmu Politik UINSA Angkatan 2021 terhadap pelecehan seksual yang mungkin terjadi di wilayah kampus. Metode yang digunakan penulis dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode studi kasus dengan melakukan wawancara. Pendeketan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan behavioral approach. Temuan yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa UU TPKS ini berhasil meningkatkan awareness atau kesadaran mahasiswa terhadap apa itu pelecehan seksual, bagaimana bentuk pelecehan seksual, dan sekaligus menjadi sebuah power baru untuk memberikan keberanian kepada mahasiswa apabila terjadi pelecehan seksual di wilayah kampus.
Kata Kunci: Respon, UU TPKS, awareness, mahasiswa, pelecehan seksual
The Effect Of Stress And Breast Care During The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Currency Of Post Partum Mom's Breast Milk (ASI) In Indramayu District
Authors: Nurohmat Nurohmat , Ruswadi Indra , Yulianingsih Nengsih 
Published: March 2024

One of the psychological disorders that can occur in postpartum mothers is that mothers experience post-delivery stress, especially for primiparous mothers in other words, in normal situations postpartum mothers face various problems, plus during the COVID-19 pandemic, of course, it can cause stress so that it is feared to have an impact on the baby. because the milk is not smooth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of stress and breast care during the COVID-19 pandemic on the smoothness of postpartum mother's milk in Indramayu Regency with the associative method using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis approaches. Based on the results of research conducted from April to July 2021 in Indramayu Regency, the following conclusions can be drawn: 36.7% postpartum mothers during the covid 19 pandemic experienced moderate stress, 55.1% postpartum mothers during the covid 19 pandemic included the category not good. and 57.1% of postpartum mothers during the covid 19 pandemic in Indramayu Regency, their breast milk is in the substandard category.
Vulnerabilidade social no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19: uma discussão bioética
Authors: Alves Priscila Dias , Seidl Eliane Maria Fleury 
Published: March 2024

To analyze, from a bioethical perspective, social vulnerability in relation to health during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study included peer-reviewed publications from January 1st until December 31st 2020, identified in Pubmed, SciELO and LILACS data basis. Mesh terms were utilized for research in Pubmed as follows: “COVID-19” conjugated with the terms: “vulnerable population”, “population groups”, “social determinants of health”, “health equity”. Portuguese and Spanish equivalents DECS terms were used for searching in the other two databases. Results: a total of 132 articles were found. After applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, were 21 eligible articles. The most recurrent themes were: racial, ethnic and social-economics, gender, age, disability and chronic health conditions. Articles addressing more than one theme were observed, integrating different aspects of vulnerable populations. A bioethical discussion with focus in vulnerability based in the data retrieved took place and connections with discrimination and social determinants of health were made. Conclusion: Results point to the violation of rights explained in the Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights. By increasing the disparity in morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 of population groups already impacted by the social determination of health, there is a violation of the right to health, indicating that governments and societies fail to respect the vulnerability of social groups in the pandemic context.
Submission: 08/01/23| Review: 09/15/23| Approval: 09/18/23
Knowledge of Obstetric Danger Signs during Pregnancy in Prime Gravida Women Attending Ali Kamal Health Center, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Saeed Mahabat 
Published: March 2024

Background: Pregnant mothers experience a number of physical and psychological changes due to pregnancy, which are part of a normal process. However, vaginal bleeding, severe headaches, blurred vision, high fever, swollen hands or face, and decreased foetal activity can be warning indicators. These warning signs typically point to an obstetric problem that could develop during pregnancy. Understanding these warning signs can empower women to make informed decisions and seek medical attention.

Objective: The current study aims to assess the knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy of primigravidal women attending the Ali Kamal Health Center in Sulaimaniyah City.

Materials and Methods: A non-probability, Purpousive sample of 126 pregnant women was used in this descriptive study. It was conducted at the Ali Kamal Health Center in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq from 16 January 2023 to 16 March 2023. A well-designed questionnaire was constructed, in which the first section focused on sociodemographic characteristics and the second section consisted of questions regarding obstetric characteristics. Ten questions about participants' knowledge of danger signs comprised the final section.

Results: The findings revealed that 61.1% of participants had no knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy, 26.6% of mothers had adequate knowledge, and just 12.7% of participants had good knowledge. Age and education level have statistically significant or positive relationships with maternal knowledge. However, no statistically significant or positive relationships exist between maternal knowledge and occupation, monthly income, or place of residence.

Conclusions: There was a lack of awareness of pregnancy danger signs among expectant mothers at the Ali Kamal Health Center. Pregnant women should be educated to be more aware of the warning indicators, as this will empower them to make informed decisions and seek the necessary medical attention.
Assessment of Colon Cancer Screening Programs in Sulaimaniyah Province, Iraq
Authors: Abdulrazaq Sivar , Sheikha Anwar 
Published: March 2024

Background: The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have increased over the last 25 years in young adults aged <50 years old. Early diagnosis, particularly through screening programs, is one of the major factors contributing to this welcome development.

Objectives: To assess the knowledge of the CRC screening program among people in the Sulaimaniyah province, Iraq, about their sociodemographics and levels of knowledge.

Patients and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 participants through an online questionnaire and interview. The collected data includes participants' sociodemographic data (age, gender, level of education, marital status, and occupation) and their knowledge of the CRC screening program.

Results: The mean age of participants was 50.5±5.8 years, ranging from 30 to >70 years. Most participants were males (51%), married (61.8%), governmental employees (58.7%), and graduated from University (28.7%). More participants (77.6%) had an acceptable level of knowledge related to the CRC screening program, 17.7% had a good level, and only 4.7% had a poor level. Knowledge of the CRC screening program was statistically significant with age, occupation and marital status (p=0.02, p<0.01, and p<0.01, respectively).

Conclusions: The outcomes showed most participants had fair knowledge regarding the CRC screening program. Nurses must have a good role and play an important part in health education about CRC. Thus, early detection programs, regular screening, and lifestyle maintenance decrease the risk of CRC in the community.
Ideology of Inadmissibility of the Suspect’s Testimony
Authors: Zashlyapin L. A. 
Published: March 2024

The following rule is axiomatic: «in the course of investigative actions, violation of the rule of law is unacceptable.» Compliance of procedural procedures with this principle is an imperative condition of criminal proceedings. Legality determines the order of investigative actions. Legality and order set the standard procedural form of obtaining evidence that in the adversarial and investigative types of the process entails differing procedural content. This defines the differences in the rules used to evaluate personal evidence due to the ideological attitudes embedded in the construction of the law.In Soviet law, the form of interrogation was associated with the goal of achieving the truth, which determines the activities of almost all participants in the proceedings. Consequently, undifferentiated actions of the main participants in court proceedings were acceptable to achieve the truth, and the evidence obtained was admissable. The aim of the investigator’s pursuit of the truth assumed that it was permissible for him to use questions of accusatory etymology when receiving the testimony of a suspect. The adversarial principle is implemented in modern law. In this case, the legal order is formed by two parties with the defense initiating questions to the suspect, which is an element of the proper form of obtaining the testimony of the suspect used in their assessment. The formation of evidence is completed by their examination according to the criterion of admissibility in court proceedings. Until the moment of rebuttal of the presumption of innocence, all evidence presented by the prosecution is inadmissible. By proving guilt, the prosecutor proves the quality of the evidence presented by the prosecution. Thus, the quality of admissibility of evidence is acquired simultaneously with the entry into force of the presumption of the validity of the verdict.
Need for a paradigm shift? Survival post-pancreatoduodenectomy remains poor despite surgical and oncological advances
Authors: Shepherdson Mia , Kilburn Daniel , Marshall-Webb Matthew , Ullah Shahid , Chen John , Brooke-Smith Mark 
Published: March 2024

Background: Despite advances in surgical techniques and chemotherapy, poor outcomes persist in pancreatic malignancy. This study aimed to investigate clinical outcomes and describe the impact of factors like the closest resection margin on overall survival following open pancreatoduodenectomy at a tertiary referral centre over a ten-year period.
Methods: Patients who underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy at a tertiary hospital in South Australia between 2009-2019 were included in this retrospective study. Patient demographics, systemic treatments, complications, and histological features were analysed for their role in overall survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to assess patient survival and estimate median survival time.
Results: There were 134 open pancreaticoduodenectomy procedures during 2009-2019. Majority of patients were male (54.7%) between 65-75 years of age (41%) with an ASA physical status classification grade of 3 (63.3%). 56.7% of patients experienced a complication with 5 in-hospital deaths recorded and 12 ISPGF grade B or C pancreatic anastomotic leaks (n=5, n=7 respectively). 88% of resected specimens were malignant with an overall 5-year survival of 32%. A resection margin of >2 mm had a significantly improved overall survival compared to 0 mm (p=0.01). There was no survival benefit for a resection margin of <1 mm or 1-2 mm compared 0mm margin (p=0.6 and p=0.2 respectively). 65 patients (54.6%) experienced either local or distal disease recurrence by the end of the study period.
Conclusions: There has been no improvement in overall survival post pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic malignancy. Further research into the clinical significance of the R status classification is required.
Outcome of primary ventral hernia repair with monofilament polyester composite ventral patch in a community-based hospital
Authors: Kumar R. Hareesh , Arulraj Solomon Alfred , Veeraraghavan Rajakumar 
Published: March 2024

Background: Ventral hernia repair (VHR) is one of the common surgical procedures carried out in general surgery. This study assessed the post operative outcomes in patients with primary ventral hernia undergoing repair using monofilament polyester composite ventral patch Parietex™ Covidien (PCO-VP).
Methods: A prospective single proportion observational study of 54 patients undergoing open VHR for primary ventral hernia with the PCO-VP in a community-based hospital was carried out. The patients were followed up for a period of one year from day of surgery. Primary outcome was recurrence, and secondary outcomes were reoperations and complications including seroma, hematomas, abdominal wall abscess, wound infections, and mesh infections.
Results: Our sample size of (n=54) included 35 (65%) females and 19 (35%) males with a mean hernia defect diameter of 3.5±0.4 cm. 83% (45) underwent elective surgery (EL) and 17% (9) underwent emergency surgery with a mean operative time of 98.5 minutes, 11% (n=6) patients needed alteration of the technique and 20% (n=11) patients needed mesh repositioning, 12 adverse events were noted during the hospital stay. No mesh infections, early recurrences, readmissions or revision surgeries were noted. Patients had a average Carolina comfort scale score of 4/115 noted at the end of study.
Conclusions: The use of PCO-VP to repair primary ventral hernia yielded nearly nil early recurrence rate, low postoperative complications and high satisfaction ratings, PCO-VP repair is a highly effective method for small and moderate size ventral hernias in both elective and emergency setting.
Uwarunkowania sprawnego współdziałania podmiotów zarządzania kryzysowego na przykładzie ćwiczenia symulacji katastrofy komunikacyjnej
Authors: Jaszczur Wiesław , Noga Henryk 
Published: March 2024

W raporcie z badań, na podstawie ćwiczenia (symulacji), przedstawiono uwarunkowania i możliwości sprawnego współdziałania podmiotów zarządzania kryzysowego (ZK) w sytuacji zaistnienia zdarzenia masowego, w tym przypadku katastrofy komunikacyjnej. Omówiono zakres, w jakim podmioty ZK zgodnie ze swoimi procedurami i zasadami, normami i wypracowaną dobrą praktyką koegzystencji realizują ustawowe w akcji ratowniczej zadania, które wyszczególnia się na czynności ratownicze i procesowe. Zrealizowane ćwiczenia z udziałem wszystkich (aplikacyjnie) podmiotów ZK w sytuacji identyfikacji zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego sformułowanego jako komunikacyjnego wypadku masowego, stanowiły integralną część projektu naukowo-badawczego. Uwzględniając zrealizowane badania empiryczne przedstawiono propozycje usprawnienia procesu (jego poprawy) współdziałania podmiotów zarządzania kryzysowego. Celem badań było zdiagnozowanie ograniczeń sprawnego współdziałania podmiotów ZK oraz sformułowanie warunków i propozycji usprawnienia tej współpracy.
CARL SCHMITT AND FRIEDRICH HAYEK ON DEMOCRACY: ELECTIVE AFFINITIES?
Authors: VAKI FOTINI 
Published: March 2024

The aim of the present paper is to disclose the structural affinities between Carl Schmitt and Friedrich Hayek regarding the concept of parliamentary democracy. Identifying Hayek’s neoliberal thinking with Schmitt’s theoretical justification of fascism would apparently be an a-historical overgeneralization. While Schmitt develops a model of absolute sovereignty relying on the sovereign’s decision on the state of exception, Hayek envisages the historical realization of those conditions allowing the market competition to flourish. Schmitt’s model subjugates market to an omnipotent state whereas Hayek views the latter as an engine abetting the free market competition.
A closer reading, however, could discern affinities behind the seemingly opposed models of the two thinkers.
Schmitt’s model of an emergency dictatorship and Hayek’s nomocracy are two different responses and attacks to the Left’s attempt to construct a democratic welfare state in the Weimar Republic and postwar Europe. Schmitt advocates the concentration of political power in a totalitarian state as the sole “remedy” to the democratic contamination of liberalism induced by the politicization of civil society. Similarly, Hayek castigates any state intervention taking the form of the welfare state but endorses a powerful state entrusted with the role of securing the conditions of market competition.
SOME NOTES ON THE INDIVIDUAL PROCESS OF LIBERATION IN SPINOZA
Authors: BOUVOT KATHRIN , SEGALERBA GIANLUIGI 
Published: March 2024

A central theme of Spinoza’s Ethica is the description of the individual’s exposition to the emergence of passions: the individual’s mind is constitutively liable to being passive in relation to the influences exercised on the mind by reality since the mind is a part of nature. As regards the individual’s condition, being passive means having passions: passions bring the individual to a condition of mental enslavement due to the influence coming from the external reality.
Spinoza tries to find a way out of the passions: through the analysis of the structure of reality and of the individual’s mind, Spinoza shows that the development of knowledge of reality in the mind is the solution for the process of liberation of the mind. The power of the individual’s mind consists in the knowledge of reality: therefore, the possibility, for the individual, to reach an authentic power of mind consists in the acquisition of the knowledge of reality. This acquisition comes about exclusively through the appropriate education. Through the knowledge, the individual becomes able to counteract his being acted on by the external reality: he can lead his life instead of being steadily led by the influences coming from outside.
We base our inquiry on Spinoza’s Ethica.
Produced Water Re-Injection, A Holistic Approach from Pilot to Full Field Implementation and Enhancement
Authors: Alshalabi A. A. , AL Kenawy M. , Al Amiri F. , Saleh S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Field X is a giant oil field which is an elongated, faulted anticline with longer axis trending northeast-southwest and located onshore UAE. In 1980s’, peripheral water injection (PWI) scheme supplied by brackish water from the aquifers (Regional Aquifers: perforated in Umm Er Radhuma and open hole in Simsima) was the main driving mechanism. The studied reservoir is divided into two main zones showing a high permeability contrast with an upper zone ranging from 10 to 5000 mD interbedded with low permeability layers (1-100mD) and a lower zone of limited heterogeneity and relatively low permeability ranging from 1 to 20 mD. This contrast in permeability provides good macroscopic sweep efficiency in the upper formation compared to the lower ones. Consequently, sharp increase in water cut trends in the upper formation is observed in 2002 which leads to (a) increase volumes of water disposing and treatment (b) environmental issues (c) government regulations (e) financial and economic factors.
The common practice was to drill dedicated wells to dispose of water which must be processed and treated to meet certain standards prior of disposing it. Water control treatments and disposing of water is a very time-consuming process with a considerable cost associated with it.
In alignment with our leadership directions moving towards zero emissions, waster to value conversion, no discharge to surface or sea and being proactive in handling the increasing water production volumes, 100% Produced Water Re-Injection (PWRI) strategy is embraced as a cost-effective manner to achieve our vision and strategy.
Many papers discussed the implementation of PWRI on a moderate scale. However, in this paper, 100% PWRI strategy in a mega field is discussed on an intensive and enormous scale from pilot phase till full field implementation and monitoring.(1,2,3,4,7)