bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric admissions in young people after expiration of criminal justice supervision in Australia: a retrospective data linkage study
Authors: Akpanekpo Emaediong Ibong , Kariminia Azar , Srasuebkul Preeyaporn , Trollor Julian N , Greenberg David , Kasinathan John , Schofield Peter W , Kenny Dianna T , Simpson Melanie , Gaskin Claire , Chowdhury Nabila Z , Jones Jocelyn , Ekanem Anyiekere Morgan , Butler Tony 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundMental health services are available for young people involved with the criminal justice system. However, they have unmet mental health needs after the expiration of criminal justice supervision.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence rate and identify predictors of psychiatric hospitalisations within 24 months after the expiration of criminal justice supervision among young people involved with the New South Wales (NSW) criminal justice system.MethodsRetrospective data from 1556 individuals aged 14–22 years who participated in four surveys of justice-involved young people in NSW were harmonised and linked to four NSW data collections. We calculated the incidence rates of psychiatric hospitalisations within 24 months postsupervision and identified predictors of these hospitalisations using a competing risks regression analysis.ResultsWithin 24 months postsupervision, 11.4% had a psychiatric hospitalisation compared with 3.5% during supervision. 20.7% of those admitted had a known history of mental illness and engaged with community-based and outpatient mental health services postsupervision. Predictors of psychiatric hospitalisations were: female sex (adjusted subdistribution HR (asHR) 1.84, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.73); previous incarceration (highest asHR for ≥4 episodes 1.67, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.78); head injury (asHR 1.63, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.21); personality disorder (asHR 3.66, 95% CI 2.06 to 6.48) and alcohol and substance use disorder (asHR 1.89, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.77).ConclusionJustice-involved youth have higher rates of psychiatric admissions after criminal justice supervision. Engagement with mental health services postsupervision is important in addressing emerging or persisting mental health needs.
Association of physical and sexual assault with mortality in two British birth cohorts
Authors: Bhavsar Vishal , Das-Munshi Jayati , MacCabe James H , Bakolis Ioannis , Lee William 
Published: March 2024

AimsThe association of assault in adulthood with all-cause mortality, and the relevance of intermediate psychological distress, alcohol use and cigarette smoking, is poorly understood. We used data from British birth cohorts (the 1958 National Child Development Study referred to as the 1958 birth cohort and the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study) to investigate association between assault and mortality, employing a formal approach for the identification of psychological distress, alcohol use and cigarette smoking as mediators.MethodsAssociations (HRs), between assault and mortality were estimated with Cox regressions, adjusting for potential confounders. Mediation via intermediate psychological distress, alcohol use and cigarette smoking was explored using the gformula approach. The birth cohorts were analysed separately, and together estimating interaction between exposure and cohort year.ResultsResults were based on 353 deaths in 19 725 individuals. Based on multiply imputed data, the fully adjusted estimate for assault on mortality was 1.72 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.42) in the combined cohorts, 1.53 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.40) in the 1958 birth cohort and 2.05 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.50) in the 1970 birth cohort. The fully adjusted estimate for the association of sexual assault with mortality was 3.17 (95% CI 1.17 to 8.60) in the combined cohorts, 1.36 (95% CI 0.19 to 9.81) in the 1958 birth cohort and 6.02 (95% CI 1.84 to 19.69) in the 1970 birth cohort. The fully adjusted mortality HR for one additional assault was 1.46 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.73) in the combined cohorts, 1.34 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.82) in the 1958 birth cohort and 1.53 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.87) in the 1970 birth cohort. Greater need for medical treatment for assault was associated with a fully adjusted mortality HR of 1.56 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.05) in the combined cohorts, 1.43 (95% CI 1.00 to 2.05) in the 1958 birth cohort and 1.79 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.74) in the 1970 birth cohort.ConclusionsThere was statistical evidence on combining the two birth cohorts, and on analysing the 1970 birth cohort, that assault in adulthood is associated with mortality. Understanding mechanisms underlying this relationship could benefit violence reduction strategies for public health.
Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on postoperative sleep disturbance in older patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, pilot, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yang Jie , Tao Mingshu , Liu Rongguang , Fang Jiaxing , Li Chunyan , Chen Dexian , Wei Qi , Xiong Xingyu , Zhao Wenxin , Tan Wen , Han Yuan , Zhang Hongxing , Liu He , Zhang Song , Cao Junli 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundPostoperative sleep disturbance (PSD) is a common and serious postoperative complication and is associated with poor postoperative outcomes.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on PSD in older patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty.MethodsIn this prospective, double-blind, pilot, randomised, sham-controlled trial, patients 65 years and over undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty were randomly assigned to receive active tDCS (a-tDCS) or sham tDCS (s-tDCS). The primary outcomes were the objective sleep measures on postoperative nights (N) 1 and N2.Results116 inpatients were assessed for eligibility, and a total of 92 patients were enrolled; 47 received a-tDCS and 45 received s-tDCS. tDCS improved PSD by altering the following sleep measures in the a-tDCS and s-tDCS groups; the respective comparisons were as follows: the promotion of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time on N1 (64.5 (33.5–105.5) vs 19.0 (0.0, 45.0) min, F=20.10, p<0.001) and N2 (75.0 (36.0–120.8) vs 30.0 (1.3–59.3) min, F=12.55, p<0.001); the total sleep time on N1 (506.0 (408.0–561.0) vs 392.0 (243.0–483.5) min, F=14.13, p<0.001) and N2 (488.5 (455.5–548.5) vs 346.0 (286.5–517.5) min, F=7.36, p=0.007); the deep sleep time on N1 (130.0 (103.3–177.0) vs 42.5 (9.8–100.8) min, F=24.4, p<0.001) and N2 (103.5 (46.0–154.8) vs 57.5 (23.3–106.5) min, F=8.4, p=0.004); and the percentages of light sleep and REM sleep on N1 and N2 (p<0.05 for each). The postoperative depression and anxiety scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. No significant adverse events were reported.ConclusionIn older patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty, a single session of anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed a potentially prophylactic effect in improving postoperative short-term objective sleep measures. However, this benefit was temporary and was not maintained over time.
Epidemiology of myasthenia gravis in Denmark, Finland and Sweden: a population-based observational study
Authors: Vissing John , Atula Sari , Savolainen Mari , Mehtälä Juha , Mehkri Laila , Olesen Tina Bech , Ylisaukko-oja Tero , Lindberg-Schager Ingrid , Berggren Fredrik , Piehl Fredrik 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundIncidence and prevalence rates of myasthenia gravis (MG) vary considerably across studies, and mortality risk is rarely addressed. We examined the prevalence and incidence rates, mortality and factors associated with mortality with MG.MethodThis was a registry linkage study based on nationwide health and administrative registries of Denmark, Finland and Sweden (populations of 5.9, 5.6 and 10.5 million, respectively). Patients with MG were identified based on International Classification of Diseases codes from inpatient and outpatient specialised care registries. Yearly prevalence, incidence and mortality rates in relation to the total background population were calculated from 2000 to 2020 (study period). The causes of death and factors associated with mortality were addressed separately.ResultsThe overall incidence of MG was 1.34 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.41), 1.68 (95% CI 1.60 to 1.75) and 1.62 (95% CI 1.56 to 1.68) per 100 000, and the overall prevalence per 100 000 was 18.56 (95% CI 18.31 to 18.81), 20.89 (95% CI 20.62 to 21.16) and 23.42 (95% CI 23.21 to 23.64) in Denmark, Finland and Sweden, respectively. The overall standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was 1.32 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.42) among patients with MG in Denmark, 1.23 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.33) in Finland, and 1.20 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.26) in Sweden, with higher SMR observed in women than men. Annual incidence and prevalence increased over time, whereas the SMR remained stable. The most common causes of death were MG, chronic ischaemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction.ConclusionsThis population-based study from three Nordic countries highlights the need for improved care of patients with MG, especially young women.
Prevalence of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in patients with high-degree AV block
Authors: Cannie Douglas , Patel Kush , Protonotarios Alexandros , Heenan Imogen , Bakalakos Athanasios , Syrris Petros , Menezes Leon , Elliott Perry M 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTransthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is an infiltrative cardiac disorder caused by deposition of wild type or mutated transthyretin. As ATTR-CM is associated with conduction disease, we sought to determine its prevalence in patients with idiopathic high-degree atrioventricular (AV) block requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation.MethodsConsecutive patients aged 70–85 years undergoing PPM implantation for idiopathic high-degree AV block between November 2019 and November 2021 were offered a 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) scan. Demographics, comorbidities, electrocardiographic and imaging data from the time of device implantation were retrospectively collected.Results39 patients (79.5% male, mean (SD) age at device implantation 76.2 (2.9) years) had a DPD scan. 3/39 (7.7%, all male) had a result consistent with ATTR-CM (Perugini grade 2 or 3). Mean (SD) maximum wall thickness of those with a positive DPD scan was 19.0 mm (3.6 mm) vs 11.4 mm (2.7 mm) in those with a negative scan (p=0.06). All patients diagnosed with ATTR-CM had spinal canal stenosis and two had carpal tunnel syndrome.ConclusionsATTR-CM should be considered in older patients requiring permanent pacing for high-degree AV block, particularly in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, carpal tunnel syndrome or spinal canal stenosis.
Casimir wormhole with GUP correction in extended symmetric teleparallel gravity
Authors: Sahoo Abhilipsa , Tripathy S. K. , Mishra B. , Ray Saibal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuantum mechanical concept such as the Casimir effect is explored to model traversable wormholes in an extended symmetric teleparallel gravity theory. The minimal length concept leading to the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) is used to obtain the Casimir energy density. The effect of the GUP correction in the geometrical and physical properties of traversable Casimir wormholes are investigated. It is noted that the GUP correction has a substantial effect on the wormhole geometry and it modifies the energy condition. From a detailed calculation of the exotic matter content of the GUP corrected Casimir wormhole, it is shown that, a minimal amount of exotic matter is sufficient to support the stability of the wormhole.
The role of scalar current coupling along surfaces
Authors: Barone F. A. , Borges L. H. C. , Flores-Hidalgo G. , Oliveira H. L. , da Silva W. Y. A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper we propose a coupling between the complex scalar field and an external Dirac delta-like planar potential. The coupling is achieved through the Klein–Gordon current normal to the plane where the potential is concentrated. The results are obtained exactly and exhibit many peculiarities. We show that a complex scalar charge does not interact with the potential, but the potential modifies the interaction between two scalar charges if they are placed on opposite sides of the planar potential. When the coupling constant between the potential and the field goes to infinity, the classical field solutions satisfy a kind of MIT boundary conditions along the plane where the potential is concentrated.
Mechanical convergence in mixed populations of mammalian epithelial cells
Authors: Gauquelin Estelle , Kuromiya Keisuke , Namba Toshinori , Ikawa Keisuke , Fujita Yasuyuki , Ishihara Shuji , Sugimura Kaoru 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tissues consist of cells with different molecular and/or mechanical properties. Measuring the forces and stresses in mixed-cell populations is essential for understanding the mechanisms by which tissue development, homeostasis, and disease emerge from the cooperation of distinct cell types. However, many previous studies have primarily focused their mechanical measurements on dissociated cells or aggregates of a single-cell type, leaving the mechanics of mixed-cell populations largely unexplored. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the influence of interactions between different cell types on cell mechanics by conducting in situ mechanical measurements on a monolayer of mammalian epithelial cells. Our findings revealed that while individual cell types displayed varying magnitudes of traction and intercellular stress before mixing, these mechanical values shifted in the mixed monolayer, becoming nearly indistinguishable between the cell types. Moreover, by analyzing a mixed-phase model of active tissues, we identified physical conditions under which such mechanical convergence is induced. Overall, the present study underscores the importance of in situ mechanical measurements in mixed-cell populations to deepen our understanding of the mechanics of multicellular systems.

Graphical abstract
A Perspective-Changing Teaching Experience in Araimiri
Authors: Narsico Peter G. 
Published: March 2024

The study underscores the remarkable human capacity for resilience and determination when confronted with challenging life situations. Specifically, this research delves into a teacher's interactions with a group of high school students who, due to their unique circumstances, embarked on a transformative journey, overcoming obstacles in the realm of education. The research focused on a private school in Araimiri in the Gulf Province of Papua New Guinea. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study specifically adopts an autoethnographic approach. This autoethnography unfolds against the backdrop of a unique and immersive experience, exposing the researcher to the intricate social dynamics, behaviors, and practices of a group of students. Through keen observations, profound conversations, shared experiences, and the examination of artifacts, the study offers an in-depth and distinctive perspective on the educational landscape during the specified period. The study sought to determine the circumstances that made the experiences of students and teachers significant, to identify key elements of the initial education-related situations of students, to determine the initiatives made to help students improve academically, and to reveal significant findings that manifested through the analyses of the experience. These are the conclusions of the study. First, teachers’ awareness of students' struggles and unique conditions helps them strengthen their teaching approaches. Second, students’ commitment to their lead role in the education process is imperative. Third, teachers’ depth in the understanding of topics and their commitment to teaching help in the ability to simplify complex concepts. Fourth, students’ prerequisite capabilities when introducing new lessons reinforce learning. Fifth, the implemented curriculum should match with relevant assessments that are often provided by the government or industry. These conclusions imply that educational processes are multifaceted and interconnected with components that have to be harmonized to ensure effectiveness.
Preparedness of School Heads, Teachers and Parents of Public Elementary Schools on the Limited Face to Face Learning Modality in Zone 2, Division of Zambales
Authors: Escobar Rod D. , Fastidio Joan A. 
Published: March 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the perspective of school heads, teachers and parents on the preparedness of public elementary schools on the limited face to face learning modality in Zone 2, Division of Zambales. The researcher employed the mixed method where in a quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics was employed in the study.
Based on the significant results, most of the respondents are Teacher I, female, and serve for 10-14 years in the Department of Education. Parents are self- employed, most of them are college and elementary graduate and with 3-5 children. The school head & teacher-respondents perceived as Prepared in the preparation of the public elementary schools in terms of curriculum and instruction, school environment, human resource management, and budget. Based on the experienced by parent-respondents that majority of them prepare their children to bring to school such as snacks, alcohol, facemasks, and other supplies/items that will be needed for their education in accordance with school policy. The school head and teacher-respondents perceived as Sometimes a Problem in the limited face to face for leaning modality in terms of curriculum and instruction, school environment, human resource management, and budget. Based on the experienced by the parent-respondents that for fear of the COVID 19 epidemic, majority of parents bring their children with them. Some of them prefer to walk because it is more convenient and economical for them. During a pandemic, transportation is extremely expensive, and they cannot afford to ride a tricycle. There is no significant difference on the perceived level of agreement of school head and teacher-respondents on the preparations of the public elementary schools in the limited face to face learning modality when grouped according to profile of the school heads and teachers. The proposed action plan was developed based on the findings of the study.
Based on the salient findings, the researchers recommended that the school heads and teachers may develop and design curriculum and instruction integrating facts on how to combat spreading the COVID 19 viruses. Encourage parents to monitor and check their children’ safety. The curriculum planner should take into account this issue, simplify activities, and eliminate extraneous themes in order to achieve mastery. Teachers are encouraged to attend trainings and seminars related on how to handle learners who are potentially infected. The administrators may consider the medical equipment such as stretchers and wheelchairs if budget warrants. Procurement of a two-way radio for easy communication in case of emergency is suggested. The principal may hold a PTA meeting to inform parents about health protocols. Future researchers may conduct a parallel study to validate the results of this study. The proposed action plan may be implemented by the school heads to the school.
Increased Risk of Gestational Hypertension by Periconceptional Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Effect Modification by Prenatal Depression
Authors: Niu Zhongzheng , Habre Rima , Yang Tingyu , Chen Xinci , Vigil Mario , Barragan Karina , Lurmann Fred , Pavlovic Nathan R. , Grubbs Brendan H. , Toledo-Corral Claudia M. , Johnston Jill , Dunton Genevieve F. , Lerner Deborah , Lurvey Nathana , Al-Marayati Laila , Eckel Sandrah P. , Breton Carrie V. , Bastain Theresa M. , Farzan Shohreh F. 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Air pollution has been associated with gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia, but susceptible windows of exposure and potential vulnerability by comorbidities, such as prenatal depression, remain unclear.

METHODS:

We ascertained GH and preeclampsia cases in a prospective pregnancy cohort in Los Angeles, CA. Daily levels of ambient particulate matters (with a diameter of ≤10 μm [PM
10
] or ≤2.5 μm [PM
2.5
]), nitrogen dioxide, and ozone were averaged for each week from 12 weeks preconception to 20 gestational weeks. We used distributed lag models to identify susceptible exposure windows, adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were additionally stratified by probable prenatal depression to explore population vulnerability.

RESULTS:

Among 619 participants, 60 developed preeclampsia and 42 developed GH. We identified a susceptible window for exposure to PM
2.5
from 1 week preconception to 11 weeks postconception: higher exposure (5 µg/m
3
) within this window was associated with an average of 8% (95% CI, 1%–15%) higher risk of GH. Among participants with probable prenatal depression (n=179; 32%), overlapping sensitive windows were observed for all pollutants from 8 weeks before to 10 weeks postconception with increased risk of GH (PM
2.5
, 16% [95% CI, 3%–31%]; PM
10
, 39% [95% CI, 13%–72%]; nitrogen dioxide, 65% [95% CI, 17%–134%]; and ozone, 45% [95% CI, 9%–93%]), while the associations were close to null among those without prenatal depression. Air pollutants were not associated with preeclampsia in any analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:
We identified periconception through early pregnancy as a susceptible window of air pollution exposure with an increased risk of GH. Prenatal depression increases vulnerability to air pollution exposure and GH.
Impact of Prosthesis‐Patient Mismatch After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Reconstructed Time‐to‐Event Data of 122 989 Patients With 592 952 Patient‐Years
Authors: Sá Michel Pompeu , Jacquemyn Xander , Van den Eynde Jef , Chu Danny , Serna‐Gallegos Derek , Ebels Tjark , Clavel Marie‐Annick , Pibarot Philippe , Sultan Ibrahim 
Published: March 2024

Background
It remains controversial whether prosthesis‐patient mismatch (PPM) impacts long‐term outcomes after surgical aortic valve replacement. We aimed to evaluate the association of PPM with mortality, rehospitalizations, and aortic valve reinterventions.

Methods and Results

We performed a systematic review with meta‐analysis of reconstructed time‐to‐event data of studies published by March 2023 (according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses). Sixty‐five studies met our eligibility criteria and included 122 989 patients (any PPM: 68 332 patients, 55.6%). At 25 years of follow‐up, the survival rates were 11.8% and 20.6% in patients with and without any PPM, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16 [95% CI, 1.13–1.18],
P
<0.001). At 20 years of follow‐up, the survival rates were 19.5%, 12.1%, and 8.8% in patients with no, moderate, and severe PPM, respectively (moderate versus no PPM: HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.06–1.11],
P
<0.001; severe versus no PPM: HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.24–1.35],
P
<0.001). PPM was associated with higher risk of cardiac death, heart failure–related hospitalizations, and aortic valve reinterventions over time (
P
<0.001). Statistically significant associations between PPM and worse survival were observed regardless of valve type (bioprosthetic versus mechanical valves), contemporary PPM definitions unadjusted and adjusted for body mass index, and PPM quantification method (in vitro, in vivo, Doppler echocardiography). Our meta‐regression analysis revealed that populations with more women tend to have higher HRs for all‐cause death associated with PPM.

Conclusions
The results of the present study suggest that any degree of PPM is associated with poorer long‐term outcomes following surgical aortic valve replacement and provide support for implementation of preventive strategies to avoid PPM after surgical aortic valve replacement.