bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic and neuroimaging data integration enhances machine learning classification of schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Mengya , Zhao Shu-Wan , Wu Di , Zhang Ya-Hong , Han Yan-Kun , Zhao Kun , Qi Ting , Liu Yong , Cui Long-Biao , Wei Yongbin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder associated with changes in brain structure and function. Integrating macroscale brain features with microscale genetic data may provide a more complete overview of the disease etiology and may serve as potential diagnostic markers for schizophrenia.

Objective
We aim to systematically evaluate the impact of multi-scale neuroimaging and transcriptomic data fusion in schizophrenia classification models.

Methods
We collected brain imaging data and blood RNA sequencing data from 43 patients with schizophrenia and 60 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, and we extracted multi-omics features of macroscale brain morphology, brain structural and functional connectivity, and gene transcription of schizophrenia risk genes. Multi-scale data fusion was performed using a machine learning integration framework, together with several conventional machine learning methods and neural networks for patient classification.

Results
We found that multi-omics data fusion in conventional machine learning models achieved the highest accuracy (AUC ~0.76–0.92) in contrast to the single-modality models, with AUC improvements of 8.88 to 22.64%. Similar findings were observed for the neural network, showing an increase of 16.57% for the multimodal classification model (accuracy 71.43%) compared to the single-modal average. In addition, we identified several brain regions in the left posterior cingulate and right frontal pole that made a major contribution to disease classification.

Conclusion
We provide empirical evidence for the increased accuracy achieved by imaging genetic data integration in schizophrenia classification. Multi-scale data fusion holds promise for enhancing diagnostic precision, facilitating early detection and personalizing treatment regimens in schizophrenia.
Governing with public engagement: an anticipatory approach to human genome editing
Authors: Barlevy Dorit , Juengst Eric , Kahn Jeffrey , Moreno Jonathan , Lambert Lauren , Charo Alta , Chneiweiss Hervé , Farooque Mahmud , Guston David H , Hyun Insoo , Knoepfler Paul S , Selin Cynthia , Wilbanks Rebecca , Zaghlula Manar , Scott Christopher Thomas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In response to calls for public engagement on human genome editing (HGE), which intensified after the 2018 He Jiankui scandal that resulted in the implantation of genetically modified embryos, we detail an anticipatory approach to the governance of HGE. By soliciting multidisciplinary experts’ input on the drivers and uncertainties of HGE development, we developed a set of plausible future scenarios to ascertain publics values—specifically, their hopes and concerns regarding the novel technology and its applications. In turn, we gathered a subset of multidisciplinary experts to propose governance recommendations for HGE that incorporate identified publics’ values. These recommendations include: (1) continued participatory public engagement; (2) international harmonization and transparency of multiple governance levers such as professional and scientific societies, funders, and regulators; and (3) development of a formal whistleblower framework.
Inequities in Indirect Cost Rates Between Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Institutions
Authors: Hauschildt Katrina E. , Messersmith Julie , Iwashyna Theodore J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Federal research grants provide support for the indirect costs (IDCs) of research infrastructure that are not specific to particular research projects but are nonetheless essential to enable research. Institutions independently negotiate IDC rates. The authors sought to identify whether inequities exist in negotiated IDC rates between historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and other universities (non-HBCUs).

Method
In 2023, the authors analyzed mean negotiated IDC rates between the top 20 HBCUs (in fiscal year [FY] 2021 research expenditures) and 3 non-HBCU comparison groups: the top 40 non-HBCUs in FY 2021 research expenditures, metropolitan statistical area (MSA)–matched non-HBCUs (among the top 200 institutions by FY 2021 research expenditures), and FY 2021 research expenditure–matched non-HBCUs.

Results
The authors found that the top 20 HBCUs’ mean IDC rates (50.0%) were, after adjustment, 8.5 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7–11.2) lower than those of the top 40 non-HBCUs (58.5%). The mean IDC rates of top HBCUs (n = 14, 48.4%) were, after adjustment, 6.3 percentage points (95% CI, 3.1–9.4) lower than those of MSA-matched non-HBCUs (n = 23, 55.3%). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean IDC rates between the top 20 HBCUs (50.0%) and expenditure-matched non-HBCUs (n = 31; 48.2%).

Conclusions
Inequities in negotiated IDC rates between top HBCUs and non-HBCUs likely both reflect and may contribute to the persistence of institution-level inequities in federally funded research. Proactive investments in HBCUs’ research infrastructures are likely needed to ameliorate these funding inequities and support the role of HBCUs in providing opportunity for underrepresented groups in biomedical sciences.
Dorsal Hook Plating of Patella Fractures with Immediate Range of Motion Results in Reliable Fixation, Low Implant Removal Rates, and Satisfactory Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Barth Kathryn A. , Bilodeau Robert E. , Klinger Craig E. , Brusalis Christopher M. , Ricci William M. , Phen Huai Ming 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
To evaluate radiographic and clinical patient reported clinical outcomes following dorsal hook plating of displaced patella fractures with permittance of immediate post-operative active closed chain range of motion.

Design:
Retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Setting:
Urban Academic Level 1 Trauma Center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Adult patients with displaced patella fractures (OTA/AO 34C1-3) who underwent dorsal plating with immediate range of motion between 2018-2023.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Numerical Rating Scale for Pain, Knee Outcome Score (KOS-ADL), Tegner-Lysholm Score, radiographic union, and wound complications were collected.

Results:
61 patients were included (47 female) with an average age of 63 years (SD 14.7, range 22-86 years). The mean BMI was 24.2 (SD 3.6, range 16.6-33.3). There were thirteen 34-C2 and forty-eight 34-C3 fractures. All but 2 patients (96.7%) achieved bony union after the index procedure. 89% (n=54) of patients completed outcome surveys with at least 6 months follow-up. Six patients (9.8%) underwent removal of plate implant at a mean of 15.1 months post-operatively. The mean KOS-ADL score was 91.4, the mean Tegner-Lysholm score was 78.1, and the mean NRS was 2.7.

Conclusion:
Dorsal hook plating offers secure fixation to allow early range of motion, reliable fixation with low non-union and implant failure rates, low implant removal rates, and satisfactory patient reported outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Unique Presentation Site of Pleomorphic Adenoma in a Young Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Rasheed Faryal S. , Alelyani Rakan H. , Alazzmi Hana A. , Alfadhel Emad A. , Alaqil Sultan N. , Alobaidi Hussain A. , Moazin Othillah M. , Alshammari Haifa M. , Bhaat Tanveer A. , Nawwab Eyad A. 
Published: March 2024

Summary:
The expression “pleomorphic adenoma” has been used synonymously with mixed cutaneous tumors and chondroid syringomas. It originates from eccrine or apocrine skin, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands. Histologically, it comprises an epithelial-lined glandular component embedded in the cartilaginous, myxomatous, or fibrous stroma. These lesions are usually misdiagnosed because they are extremely rare. It commonly affects middle-aged men and has a slow-growing nature. The usual manifestation is a firm nodular lesion in the periorbital region, particularly at eyelid margins. A unique presentation of this tumor was described in a young woman. The tumor presented as a small, static, nontender lump located at the junction of the superior margin of the left eyebrow and forehead. After a thorough clinical assessment, she underwent a complete surgical excision of the lesion. The most probable preoperative clinical impression at that time was that of a sebaceous cyst. However, histopathological examination revealed it to be a pleomorphic adenoma, which, to our knowledge, has never been reported in the literature at this specific anatomical site. Two years after the procedure, the patient’s follow-up was uneventful, and revealed no recurrence of the lesion. Although its incidence is exceptionally low, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions in the head, neck, and trunk. Complete surgical excision for histopathological assessment is recommended to rule out malignancy and avoid the frequent issue of local recurrence in cases of benign tumors.
Independent Plastic Surgery Match Regional Trends Comparing In-person and Virtual Interview Cycles
Authors: Mullen Sarah A. , Akhter Haris M. , Weis Lauren E. , Samson Kaeli K. , Hon Heidi H. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
There is a trend toward matching in a different region than previous training for the independent plastic surgery match cycles from 2019 to 2021, which differs from the trend to match within the same region for integrated plastic surgery programs. Notably, residency interviews transitioned from in-person to virtual in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, we compared in-person versus virtual interview match trends from 2019 to 2023.

Methods:
Zip codes and regions of each successfully matched plastic surgery applicant’s medical school, residency, and plastic surgery program were gathered from publicly available data for the 2019 and 2020 in-person interview cycles and 2021, 2022, and 2023 virtual interview cycles.

Results:
Although regions did not differ significantly in the proportions of positions each year (P = 0.85), there was a trend toward fewer positions in each region from 2019 to 2022. Overall, applicants were more likely to match in a different region as their medical school or residency during virtual compared with in-person interviews (P = 0.002 and P = 0.04). Applicants matched to programs further from their medical school zip code in virtual interview years (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in distance between surgical residencies and plastic surgery residencies between the two time periods (P = 0.51).

Conclusions:
Trends toward matching into a different region than prior training after the switch to virtual interviews could be attributed to applicant accessibility to interview broadly. However, this could also be due to the decreased number of independent residency positions over the years, requiring applicants to move regions and travel further from where they began their training.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers Based on Wagner Grading: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Oley Mendy Hatibie , Oley Maximillian Christian , Kepel Billy Johnson , Faruk Muhammad , Wagiu Angelica Maurene Joicetine , Sukarno Irawan , Tulong Marcella Tirsa , Sukarno Vania 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are common complications of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus that can result in infection and amputation of the lower extremities. This study compared the benefits and risks of hyperbaric oxygen therapy with those of other DFU treatments, based on the Wagner grading system.

Methods:
Systematic searches for randomly controlled trials using hyperbaric oxygen therapy for DFUs were performed using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase. Data regarding demographics, wound healing, minor and major amputations, operative debridement, nonhealing wounds, and adverse effects were analyzed based on Wagner grades, using RevMan 5.4.1 and Microsoft Excel.

Results:
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was significantly superior to other treatments for wound healing rates 8 or more weeks after the final treatment (RR = 2.39; 1.87–3.05; P < 0.00001) minor/distal amputations (RR = 0.58; 0.43–0.80; P < 0.007), and major/proximal amputations (RR = 0.31; 0.18–0.52; P < 0.00001) for the 14 studies analyzed. In addition, this therapy increased the rate of complete wound healing for Wagner grades II (RR = 21.11; 3.05–146.03; P = 0.002), III (RR = 19.58; 2.82–135.94, P = 0.003), and IV (RR = 17.53; 2.45–125.44; P = 0.004); decreased the minor/distal amputation rate for grade III (RR = 0.06; 0.01–0.29; P = 0.0004) and the major/proximal amputation rate on for grade IV (RR = 0.08; 0.03–0.25; P < 0.0001); and decreased the operative debridement rate for Wagner grade II (RR = 0.09; 0.01–0.60; P = 0.01).

Conclusions:
Moderate-quality evidence revealed that adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy improved DFU wound healing for Wagner grades II, III, and IV; prevented minor and major amputations for grades III and IV, respectively; and prevented operative debridement in grade II wounds.
Efficacy of Orthoplastic Management in the Treatment of Traumatic Popliteal Artery Injury
Authors: Izawa Yuta , Futamura Kentaro , Murakami Hiroko , Sato Kazuo , Tsuchida Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Popliteal artery injury (PAI) is a challenging condition. Even with appropriate initial treatment and reconstruction of the associated injuries, extensive soft-tissue necrosis may occur, requiring lower leg amputation. There are no reports on the effectiveness of orthoplastic surgery in treating traumatic PAI. However, orthoplastic surgery is also considered very effective in PAI treatment, which requires delicate handling of soft-tissue and blood vessels. This study aimed to examine the treatment outcomes of traumatic PAI at a trauma center with the capacity for orthoplastic management.

Methods:
Patients with PAI who were treated at our institution between August 2013 and December 2021 were included in this study. The surgeons included multiple orthoplastic surgeons with capabilities in vascular repair, bone and ligament reconstruction, and soft-tissue reconstruction. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, degree of ischemia, and treatment were investigated. We also investigated whether soft-tissue reconstruction and lower limb amputation were necessary as outcomes of treatment.

Results:
Fifteen limbs of 14 patients with PAI met the inclusion criteria. Extensive soft-tissue necrosis was observed in three limbs. Two of these limbs were covered with a free latissimus dorsi flap and could be salvaged. In the remaining limb, lower limb amputation was unavoidable because of unexplained cardiac arrest during the initial surgery, but a fillet flap was used to successfully preserve the knee joint.

Conclusion:
Orthoplastic management has the potential to improve limb salvage rates and provide good outcomes for the treatment of traumatic PAI.
Effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation during adrenal vein sampling for the subtyping of primary aldosteronism: a prospective study
Authors: Yang Fan , Wang Yijie , Zhang Ziwei , Zeng Yangjie , Liu Mengsi , Tian Zhaoyang , Li Ping 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is key for primary aldosteronism subtype identification. However, the value of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation in AVS is still controversial.

Methods:
In this prospective study, we investigated the role of continuous ACTH infusion on the performance and interpretation of bilateral simultaneous AVS using a standard protocol in 59 primary aldosteronism patients. We analyzed the selectivity index and lateralization index in AVS pre and post-ACTH and estimated the prognosis of patients who underwent adrenalectomy with different cutoff points of lateralization index post-ACTH.

Results:
The confirmed success rate of bilateral adrenal vein catheterization increased from 84% pre-ACTH to 95% post-ACTH. Fifty percent of the patients had a decline in lateralization index post-ACTH, 30% of patients showed unilateral primary aldosteronism pre-ACTH but bilateral primary aldosteronism post-ACTH according to lateralization index at least 2 pre-ACTH and lateralization index at least 4 post-ACTH. The outcomes of the patients with primary aldosteronism after adrenalectomy indicated that all patients achieved clinical and biochemical success regardless of lateralization index at least 4 or less than 4 post-ACTH. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that lateralization index cutoff 2.58 post-ACTH stimulation yielded the best threshold in lateralization with a sensitivity of 73.1% and a specificity of 92.9%.

Conclusion:
ACTH stimulation increased the AVS success rates in patients with primary aldosteronism, reduced lateralization index in some cases and decreased the proportion of identified unilateral primary aldosteronism, resulting in some patients losing the opportunity for disease cure. Compared with lateralization index at least 4, a lower cutoff point of lateralization index at least 2.58 after ACTH stimulation has better accuracy of lateralization diagnosis.
3D Printed Lung Phantom for Individual Monitoring
Authors: Capello Kevin , Tremblay Marilyn , Schiebelbein Aryanna , Janzen Noah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Human Monitoring Laboratory, Health Canada (HML), has used a 3D printer to re-engineer its Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) foam lung sets (manufactured by Radiology Support Devices, Inc., Long Beach, CA). The foam sets are currently the HML standard for calibrating and performance testing lung-counting systems in Canada. This paper describes the process of creating and validating new 3D-printed lung sets modeled from one of the HML’s existing RSD foam sets. The existing sets were custom made, making them costly and difficult to obtain or replace. Also, after many years of use, the HML has found that they are prone to wear and tear. When used with planar inserts containing various isotopes, the blank sets can become contaminated and are difficult to clean. Using 3D printing, the HML has created new blank lung sets that are nearly identical copies of the originals and are inexpensive and easily manufactured. Measurements using natural uranium (Nat U), 241Am, and 152Eu planar lung inserts were performed to compare obtained efficiencies at a wide range of energies using the original RSD foam sets and the 3D-printed ones. Both the foam and the 3D-printed lung sets were counted using the LLNL chest phantom positioned in the same counting geometry in the lung counting system. Biases, all below 15%, were obtained between the foam and the 3D-printed sets for energies above 40 KeV. Based on these results, as well as cost benefits and ease of use, the HML has decided to replace its original RSD foam lung set with the 3D-printed version for its lung performance testing program.
High-rate Gamma Spectrometry Using a LaBr3(Ce) Scintillator with a Fast Pulse Shaping
Authors: Ren Tianyi , Byun Soo Hyun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The performance of a LaBr3(Ce) gamma spectrometer at high count rates was investigated up to an input count rate of 1.3 Mcps. In order to make its pulse processing faster, a preamplifier provided by the detector manufacturer was eliminated, and the signal from the photomultiplier tube was fed directly to a digital pulse processing system. To accomplish both fast pulse processing and good energy resolution, the pulse-shaping parameters were optimized at a low count rate of 1.5 kcps, and then measurements were carried out at various count rates. Input count rates ranging from 1.5 kcps to 21 kcps were produced using a set of 137Cs resin sources, while higher rates between 45 kcps and 1.3 Mcps were produced using a 1.2-GBq 137Cs source. The spectrometer showed an excellent performance for the input rate up to 150 kcps, while the dead time increased rapidly for the input rates above 150 kcps. The system dead time has been improved greatly by eliminating the preamplifier.
A Perspective from Ontario Tech University Industrial Research Chairs on 20 Years of Capacity Building in Health Physics and Radiation Science
Authors: Waller Edward , Atkinson Kirk , Waker Anthony 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOntario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology) is one of Canada’s newest universities, having been incorporated in 2002. In 20 y, the University has increased enrollment from a few hundred students to over 10,000. The University was designed to be “market driven” and as such offered courses that had high market demand. The Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science was one of the first faculties to be established at the University, with the intent to fill a gap between personnel that were retiring out of the nuclear industry and the dearth of nuclear engineers and health physicists being educated in Canada. As such, the University established unique programs in both nuclear engineering and health physics/radiation science with strong input from industry stakeholders. This paper will discuss the evolution of the Health Physics and Radiation Science program at Ontario Tech from the teaching and capacity building perspective, and it provides insight regarding health physics and radiation science research at Ontario Tech under the industrial research chair program.
Effectiveness of Using a Self-Directed Learning Program to Teach Physical Examination and Health Assessment Skills: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: CHEN Shiah-Lian , LIAO I-Chen 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Conducting health assessments and physical examinations are essential skills for independent practice. Exploring how to teach these skills effectively is essential.

Purpose
This study was designed to validate the effectiveness of a self-directed learning program in improving nursing student outcomes in terms of their learning health assessment and physical examination skills.

Method
A quasi-experimental design was used, and second-year nursing students enrolled in a health assessment and physical examination course at a university of science and technology in central Taiwan were recruited using purposive sampling. Both the control and experimental groups were taught using a traditional teaching method. The experimental group additionally participated in a self-directed learning program. Structured questionnaires, including the Chinese version of the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale, Scales of Motivation and Learning Strategies, Interpersonal Skills Assessment Tool, the Course Satisfaction Evaluation Scale, and the Perception of Health Assessment and Physical Examination Competence Scale, were used to collect data at three time points.

Results
After controlling for the effects of pretest scores, after the intervention, the experimental group achieved significantly higher scores than the control group for self-directed learning (creative learning and love of learning), learning motivation (goal orientation, work value, expected success, and test anxiety), and cognitive strategies (total score, elaboration strategy, recitation strategy, and monitoring strategy). In addition, the health assessment exercise improved interpersonal and communication skills, and learning satisfaction was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
A physical examination and health assessment course designed using the self-directed learning framework can effectively improve student competence in related skills to enhance their ability to assess patient health problems in clinical settings. This study presents an alternative approach to teaching health assessment and physical examination courses and validates the positive effect of this approach on student learning outcomes.