bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A promising method for electrodeposition of aluminium on stainless steel in ionic liquid
Authors: Yue Guikuan , Zhang Suojiang , Zhu Yanli , Lu Xingmei , Li Shucai , Li Zengxi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA promising method for aluminium deposition was proposed by using AlCl3/[bmim]Cl (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride) ionic liquid as electrolyte. By using this novel method, the volatile and flammable organic solvent systems and the high corrosive inorganic molten salts with high temperature can be substituted, and the deposit microstructure can be easily adjusted by changing the current density, temperature and electrolyte composition. The study was performed by means of galvano‐static electrolysis and the optimum operating conditions were determined based on the systematic studies of the effects of current density, temperature, molar ratio of AlCl3 to [bmim]Cl, stirring speed and deposition time on the quality of deposited coatings. The electrical conductivities of electrolytes were also investigated as a function of temperature (298–358 K) and molar ratio of AlCl3 to [bmim]Cl (from 0.1:1 to 2.0:1). Dense, bright and adherent aluminium coatings were obtained over a wide range of temperature (298–348 K), current densities (8–44 mA/cm2) and molar ratio (1.6:1–2.0:1). Results from the analysis of crystal structure show that all of the electrodeposits exhibit a preferred (200) crystallographic orientation. Temperature has significant influence on the crystallographic orientation and there does not appear to be an apparent impact of current density on it. Analyses of the chronoamperograms indicate that the deposition process of aluminium on stainless steel was controlled by three‐dimension nucleation with diffusion‐controlled growth and there is a conversion from progressive nucleation to instantaneous nucleation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
An improved ultrasound‐assisted extraction process of gossypol acetic acid from cottonseed soapstock
Authors: Jia Guangfeng , Zhan Yonghua , Wu Daocheng , Meng Yang , Xu Liang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTo investigate the extracted process of gossypol acetic acid (G‐AA) from cottonseed soapstock and explore the improvement of its yield and purity, a novel ultrasound‐assisted extraction and crystallization method was introduced to this process. Under the optimized conditions, preliminary G‐AA with the yield of 1300 mg and the purity of 95.9% could be obtained from 100 g of fresh soapstock by ultrasound‐assisted extraction. In addition, UV, IR, and NMR spectrum further confirmed the detailed chemical structure of G‐AA. Assay of inhibiting human prostate tumor cell line PC‐3 and human breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231 revealed its biological activity, the values of IC50are 9.096 μmol/L and 14.37 μmol/L respectively. In comparison with the conventional solvent extraction, this novel process increases the content of G‐AA over 90%, reduces the time of crystallization by 75%, and retains the anticancer activity of gossypol. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Demarcation of a new circulating turbulent fluidization regime
Authors: Qi Xiaobo , Zhu Haiyan , Zhu Jesse 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTransient flow behaviors in a novel circulating‐turbulent fluidized bed (C‐TFB) were investigated by a multifunctional optical fiber probe, that is capable of simultaneously measuring instantaneous local solids‐volume concentration, velocity and flux in gas‐solid two‐phase suspensions. Microflow behavior distinctions between the gas‐solid suspensions in a turbulent fluidized bed (TFB), conventional circulating fluidized bed (CFB), the bottom region of high‐density circulating fluidized bed (HDCFB), and the newly designed C‐TFB were also intensively studied. The experimental results show that particle‐particle interactions (collisions) dominate the motion of particles in the C‐TFB and TFB, totally different from the interaction mechanism between the gas and solid phases in the conventional CFB and the HDCFB, where the movements of particles are mainly controlled by the gas‐particle interactions (drag forces). In addition, turbulence intensity and frequency in the C‐TFB are significantly greater than those in the TFB at the same superficial gas velocity. As a result, the circulating‐turbulent fluidization is identified as a new flow regime, independent of turbulent fluidization, fast fluidization and dense suspension upflow. The gas‐solid flow in the C‐TFB has its inherent hydrodynamic characteristics, different from those in TFB, CFB and HDCFB reactors. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Audiological and vestibular findings in the Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Barozzi S. , Di Berardino F. , Atzeri F. , Filipponi E. , Cerutti M. , Selicorni A. , Cesarani A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSince the first description of Kabuki syndrome (KS) in 1981, over 350 cases from a variety of countries have been reported. Even though otolaryngological manifestations are common in KS, only a limited number of the reports provide audiological and vestibular data. The aim of the present study was to investigate the vestibular function and describe the audiological findings in KS. The present study reports no audiological and vestibular features in a group of 10 KS patients (7 males, 3 females), with chronological age ranging from 10 to 25 years (mean age = 14.5): a complete otoneurological and audiological work‐up was performed for each patient and included where possible, the measurement of vestibular evoked potentials, caloric tests and static posturography. Hearing loss was found in 65% showing a mix or a conductive impairment; moreover the vestibular function was normal in 95% of the examined ears. In conclusion, audiological and vestibular examination should be considered when evaluating KS subjects. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Further clinical delineation of the Börjeson–Forssman–Lehmann syndrome in patients with PHF6 mutations
Authors: Carter Melissa T. , Picketts David J. , Hunter Alasdair G. , Graham Gail E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBörjeson–Forssman–Lehmann syndrome is an X‐linked condition caused by PHF6 mutations. The classical description of males with this disorder includes severe intellectual disability with epilepsy, microcephaly, short stature, obesity, hypogonadism, and gynecomastia. We present three males with PHF6 mutations whose features included deep‐set eyes, large ears, coarse face, tapering fingers, and truncal obesity. Unlike the original description of the syndrome; however, the males described herein had varying degrees of intellectual disability and hypogonadism, were of normal to tall stature, had normal to large head sizes, and did not have seizures. This departure from the usual clinical description of Börjeson–Forssman–Lehmann syndrome is consistent with recent reports of males with mutations in PHF6. In addition, we describe the phenotype and X‐inactivation pattern in two females heterozygous for PHF6 mutations, both of whom have mild features of the syndrome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rekonstitution von Apoenzymen als chemisches Werkzeug für die strukturelle Enzymologie und Biotechnologie
Authors: Fruk Ljiljana , Kuo Chi‐Hsien , Torres Eduardo , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEnzyme mit künstlichen Cofaktoren: Nicht diffusionsfähige organische Cofaktoren von Enzymen können oft gegen künstliche Analoga ausgetauscht werden, wobei man halbsynthetische Enzyme erhält (siehe Schema). Dieser Ansatz kann zur Analyse von Struktur‐Funktions‐Beziehungen in der Enzymologie und zur Herstellung neuartiger Enzyme mit verbesserten oder neuen Funktionen, die nützlich für Biosensorik, Biokatalyse und Materialwissenschaften sind, verwendet werden.magnified imageViele Enzyme enthalten einen nicht diffusionsfähigen organischen Cofaktor, prosthetische Gruppe genannt, der im aktiven Zentrum des Enzyms platziert und essenziell für die katalytische Aktivität ist. Ein solcher Cofaktor kann oftmals aus dem Protein entfernt werden, wobei das entsprechende Apoenzym freigesetzt wird. Dieses kann wiederum mit einem künstlichen Analogon des nativen Cofaktors rekonstituiert werden. Heutzutage steht eine große Zahl künstlicher Cofaktoren zur Verfügung, die für die Rekonstitution genutzt werden können und damit die Herstellung von neuartigen halbsynthetischen Enzymen ermöglichen. Diese Methode ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einem vielseitigen Hilfsmittel für die strukturelle Enzymologie weiterentwickelt worden, um Struktur‐Funktions‐Beziehungen zu untersuchen. Darüber hinaus kann die Rekonstitution von Apoenzymen genutzt werden, um Enzyme mit verbesserten oder sogar völlig neuartigen Funktionen herzustellen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die historischen Entwicklungen auf diesem Gebiet sowie über die aktuellen Methoden zur Rekonstitution von Apoenzymen.
Apoenzyme Reconstitution as a Chemical Tool for Structural Enzymology and Biotechnology
Authors: Fruk Ljiljana , Kuo Chi‐Hsien , Torres Eduardo , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEnzymes with artificial cofactors: Nondiffusible organic cofactors of enzymes can often be replaced by artifical analogues to generate semisynthetic enzymes (see scheme). This approach can be used to study structure–function relationships in enzymology and to produce novel enzymes with enhanced or even entirely new functions that are useful for biosensing, biocatalysis, and materials science applications.magnified imageMany enzymes contain a nondiffusible organic cofactor, often termed a prosthetic group, which is located in the active site and essential for the catalytic activity of the enzyme. These cofactors can often be extracted from the protein to yield the respective apoenzyme, which can subsequently be reconstituted with an artificial analogue of the native cofactor. Nowadays a large variety of synthetic cofactors can be used for the reconstitution of apoenzymes and, thus, generate novel semisynthetic enzymes. This approach has been refined over the past decades to become a versatile tool of structural enzymology to elucidate structure–function relationships of enzymes. Moreover, the reconstitution of apoenzymes can also be used to generate enzymes possessing enhanced or even entirely new functionality. This Review gives an overview on historical developments and the current state‐of‐the‐art on apoenzyme reconstitution.
Stabilization of an α Helix by β‐Sheet‐Mediated Self‐Assembly of a Macrocyclic Peptide
Authors: Lim Yong‐beom , Moon Kyung‐Soo , Lee Myongsoo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractProtein roll call: Peptide‐based building blocks, in which both an α‐helix‐forming segment and a β‐sheet segment are located within a single macrocyclic structure, self‐assemble into α‐helix‐decorated artificial proteins. This approach provides a starting point for developing artificial proteins that can modulate α‐helix‐mediated interactions occurring in a multivalent fashion.magnified image
Dynamical mechanisms controlling the vertical redistribution of dust and the thermodynamic structure of the West Saharan atmospheric boundary layer during summer
Authors: Cuesta Juan , Marsham John H. , Parker Douglas J. , Flamant Cyrille 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe Saharan atmospheric boundary layer (SABL) plays a significant role in the atmospheric global circulation and directly affects the vertical redistribution of dust originated in the Sahara, the world's largest dust source. Recent measurements have revealed a variety of new dynamical mechanisms that control the structure of the SABL, which are responsible for exchange between the Saharan convective and residual boundary layers. Using new space‐borne laser remote sensing data (CALIPSO) and recently published results, we provide an overview of the following known dynamical mechanisms: diurnal vertical mixing, dynamical lifting (density currents and cold air outbreaks) and topographic effects (mountains and albedo anomalies). Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
The oxidative stress response is region specific in organogenesis stage mouse embryos exposed to 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine
Authors: Gnanabakthan Naveen , Hales Barbara F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The exposure of mouse embryos to 5‐bromo‐2'‐deoxyuridine (BrdU), a model teratogen, generates oxidative stress, induces c‐Fos dependent activator protein–1 (AP‐1) DNA binding activity, and causes skeletal malformations (Sahambi and Hales,2006). The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that the ability of BrdU to induce oxidative stress, rather than its incorporation into DNA per se, is responsible for triggering the ensuing malformations. To test this hypothesis, we examined the regional localization of BrdU incorporation, 8‐oxoguanine (8‐oxoG), a marker of oxidative stress, and c‐Fos immunoreactivity in organogenesis stage mouse embryos exposed to a teratogenic dose of BrdU.METHODS:Timed pregnant CD1 mice received vehicle (saline) or BrdU (600 or 1000 mg/kg body weight) on gestation day 9.N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, a glutathione precursor, was administered to GD 9 mice 2 hours before treatment with vehicle or BrdU to determine the impact of inhibiting the oxidative stress response. Embryos were excised 3 hours after BrdU treatment and processed for staining for BrdU incorporated into DNA, 8‐oxoG, and c‐Fos.RESULTS:BrdU incorporation, 8‐oxoG adduct formation and c‐Fos immunoreactivity were highest in the rostral and caudal developing tissues of BrdU‐exposed embryos. Although preadministration ofN‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine at a dose that decreased BrdU teratogenicity dampened the oxidative stress response, it did not affect the incorporation of BrdU into DNA.CONCLUSIONS:These data show that rostral and caudal neuroepithelial cells are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress in the organogenesis‐stage embryo. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Periconceptional folic acid and multivitamin supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defects and other congenital abnormalities
Authors: Czeizel Andrew E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe pioneering studies of Smithells et al. showed the reduction of recurrent neural‐tube defects (NTD) after periconceptional folic acid‐containing multivitamin supplementation. The Hungarian Periconceptional Service was established in 1984, and this primary health care system offered a chance to organize a randomized controlled trial to check whether the supplementation of a multivitamin containing 0.8 mg of folic acid during the periconceptional period is appropriate for the reduction of a first occurrence of NTD in the family. This found a reduction of approximately 90% of primary NTD. An unexpected finding was a significant reduction in the rate of congenital abnormalities overall: 20.6 per 1000 in the ‘multivitamin’ group, and 40.6 per 1000 in the ‘trace‐element‐like’ placebo group (RR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.35–0.70). When the 6 cases of NTD were excluded, this difference in the rates of major congenital abnormalities between the two study‐groups remained very highly significant (p< 0.0001). Cardiovascular malformations and urinary tract defects were particularly affected. These findings were confirmed in the Hungarian cohort‐controlled trial and by observational studies in other countries. Two questions remain to be answered. Is folic acid better alone or with multivitamins? What is the optimal dose of folic acid? Overall, the Hungarian experiences of periconceptional care have shown not only primary prevention of several severe congenital abnormalities but also a good cost‐benefit balance. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of anti‐apoptosis genes alters lactate metabolism of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells in culture
Authors: Dorai Haimanti , Kyung Yun Seung , Ellis Dawn , Kinney CherylAnn , Lin Chengbin , Jan David , Moore Gordon , Betenbaugh Michael J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn an effort to develop robust Chinese Hamster Ovary host cell lines, a variety of anti‐apoptotic genes were over‐expressed, either singly or in combination, followed by screening of transfectants for improved cell growth, extended longevity, reduced caspase 3/7 activity, and enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Two particular cell lines, one containing two anti‐apoptotic genes, E1B‐19K and Aven (EA167), and another containing three, E1B‐19K, Aven, and a mutant of XIAP (EAX197), exhibited a reduction in caspase 3 activity of at least 60% and a 170% enhancement in mitochondrial membrane potential compared to controls when treated with staurosporine. In batch cell growth experiments, the peak viable cell densities and viabilities were higher resulting in a 186% increase in integrated viable cell densities. Analyses of metabolite utilization and formation of waste products indicated that the apoptotic resistant cell lines depleted all the lactate when grown in commercially available CD‐CHO medium while significant levels (>1.8 g/L) accumulated in the host cell lines. When the lactate level was replenished daily in the apoptotic resistant cell lines, the cell lines consumed lactate and the culture longevity was extended up to four additional days compared to control cell lines. Furthermore, the anti‐apoptosis cell lines also accumulated lower levels of ammonia. The ability of the apoptotic resistant cell lines to consume lactate was exploited by cultivating them in a “high” glucose medium containing 15 g/L (60 mM glucose) in which apoptotic resistant cell lines exhibited lower maximum lactate (1.8 g/L) compared to control cell lines which accumulated concentrations of lactate (2.2 g/L) that appeared to be deleterious for growth. The shaker flask titer of a therapeutic antibody product expressed in an apoptotic resistant cell line in “high” glucose medium reached 690 mg/L compared to 390 mg/L for a cell line derived from a control host cell line. These results represent to our knowledge the first example in the literature in which manipulation of the apoptosis pathway has altered the nutrient consumption profile of mammalian cells in culture; findings that underscore the interdependence of the apoptotic cellular machinery and metabolism and provide greater flexibility to mammalian bioreactor process development. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 592–608. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparative study of 3D scanning in engineering, product and transport design and fashion design education
Authors: Kus A. , Unver E. , Taylor A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the use of three‐dimensional (3D) scanning technologies for design and engineering courses. This paper will provide a comparative discussion of the current 3D scanning technologies; and then describes three experimental studies in engineering, transport design and fashion design. Using 3D scanner technology the experiments tested the transferral of a variety of different data from scanned organic 3D shapes to 3D CAD packages for learning and teaching in undergraduate education. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 263–271, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20213
Spreadsheet‐based interactive modules for control education
Authors: Aliane Nourdine 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn the last few years, spreadsheets have become a popular computational tool and a powerful platform for performing engineering calculations. The simplicity of spreadsheet programming in addition to their plotting capabilities, and other provided utilities, make them a powerful didactic tool. This paper describes the development of interactive tools based on Excel spreadsheets for basic control education. The motivation for developing these tools was to give students special learning modules focused on transmitting the essence of dynamics of systems to achieve an accurate mental model as well as helping them understand how feedback works. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 166–174, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20221
Strategies for the Discovery of New Natural Products by Genome Mining
Authors: Zerikly Malek , Challis Gregory L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNew drugs from silent gene clusters: Analysis of genome sequence data has identified numerous “cryptic” gene clusters encoding novel natural product biosynthetic assembly lines; this suggests that many new bioactive metabolites remain to be discovered, even in extensively investigated organisms. Several related and complementary strategies for identifying the products of these clusters have emerged recently and revitalized the search for novel bioactive natural products.magnified imageNatural products have a very broad spectrum of applications. Many natural products are used clinically as antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticancer and immunosuppressive agents and are therefore of utmost importance for our society. When in the 1940s the golden age of antibiotics was ushered in, a “gold rush fever” of natural product discovery in the pharmaceutical industry ensued for many decades. However, the traditional process of discovering new bioactive natural products is generally long and laborious, and known natural products are frequently rediscovered. A mass‐withdrawal of pharmaceutical companies from new natural product discovery and natural products research has thus occurred in recent years. In this article, the concept of genome mining for novel natural product discovery, which promises to provide a myriad of new bioactive natural compounds, is summarized and discussed. Genome mining for new natural product discovery exploits the huge and constantly increasing quantity of DNA sequence data from a wide variety of organisms that is accumulating in publicly accessible databases. Genes encoding enzymes likely to be involved in natural product biosynthesis can be readily located in sequenced genomes by use of computational sequence comparison tools. This information can be exploited in a variety of ways in the search for new bioactive natural products.
Ischemic prevention for stent implantation via brachial artery in children
Authors: Matsui Hikoro , Yasukochi Satoshi , Satomi Gengi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old boy received stent implantation for peripheral pulmonary stenosis through the left modified Blalock‐Taussig shunt from the left brachial approach because of the hairpin‐shaped route from a femoral or carotid approach. A temporary bypass between the left radial and the femoral arteries was established to prevent ischemic complication of the left forearm. There was no ischemic change of the left forearm in the physiological monitoring despite the long procedure (more than 4 hr) and brachial arterial spasms. No complications occurred after the procedure. The temporary bypass will support fewer complications in various catheter interventions through a brachial arterial approach in children. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.