bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compressive Biomechanical Properties of Human Nasal Septal Cartilage
Authors: Richmon Jeremy D. , Sage August , Wong Van W. , Chen Albert C. , Sah Robert L. , Watson Deborah 
Published: October 2006

Background Nasal septal cartilage is frequently used in nasal reconstruction and is a common source of chondrocytes for cartilage tissue engineering. The biomechanical properties of septal cartilage have yet to be fully defined and this limits the ability to compare it to the various alternative tissue-implant materials or tissue-engineered neocartilage. Given the unique structure and orientation of the septum within the nose, we sought to investigate anisotropic behaviors of septal cartilage in compression and correlate this to the concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen within the cartilage. Methods Human nasal septal cartilage specimens were tested in confined compression, with each sample analyzed in a medial orientation and also either a vertical or caudal-cephalic orientation, with the order of tests randomized. The equilibrium confined compression (aggregate) modulus, HA0 and the permeability, kp, at different offset compression levels were obtained for each compression test. After testing, the cartilage samples were solubilized, and the concentrations of GAG and collagen were obtained. Results Forty-nine compression tests (24 medial, 12 vertical, 13 caudal-cephalic) were run on cartilage specimens obtained from 21 patients. There was a significant effect of orientation on compression modulus, HA0, with the vertical (0.7 ± 0.12 MPa) and caudal-cephalic (0.66 ± 0.01 MPa) orientations being significantly stiffer (p = 0.05) than the medial orientation (0.44 ± 0.04 MPa). There was a trend of an orientation effect on k at 15% offset compression (p = 0.12) and a borderline significant effect of orientation on k at 30% offset compression (p = 0.05), demonstrating the M orientation to be more permeable than both the vertical and caudal–cephalic orientations. Both univariate and multivariate analysis did not demonstrate a significant effect of order of compression, age, gender, thickness, dry/wet weight, GAG, or collagen on either HA0, or kp values (p > 0.05). Conclusion This study provides new information on the compressive properties of septal cartilage along different axes of compression. The results demonstrate that human septal cartilage is anisotropic; the compressive stiffness is higher in the vertical and caudal–cephalic orientations than in the medial orientation. Additionally, the medial orientation tends to have the greatest permeability. The data obtained in this study provide a reference to which various craniofacial reconstruction materials and tissue-engineered neocartilage can be compared.
Concurrent Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Rhinoplasty
Authors: Kircher Matthew L. , Dutton Jay M. 
Published: October 2006

Background Concerns over increased surgical risk and associated complications have been reported regarding concurrent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and rhinoplasty procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall safety of these concurrent procedures in our experience. Methods A chart review was performed on 48 consecutive patients undergoing concurrent ESS and rhinoplasty between January 1998 and January 2005 with a mean follow-up of 12 months. The extent of surgical procedures, revisions required, and postoperative complications were documented. Results Thirty-one (65%) women and 17 (35%) men ranging in age from 16 to 56 years with a mean age of 37 years were included in this study. Forty-five patients (93.7%) underwent a primary rhinoplasty procedure, whereas the other three (6.3%) underwent a revision rhinoplasty. Four patients required minor rhinoplasty revision procedures for a rhinoplasty revision rate of 4/48 or 8.3%. Complications noted in three separate cases included partial nasal obstruction, pain near osteotomy site, and localized infection for a complication rate of 3/48 or 6.3%. Conclusion In this study, rhinoplasty revisions did not appear to be related to the fact that ESS was performed at the same time as rhinoplasty. In addition, the only complication possibly attributed to a combined approach was a postoperative infection that developed in an insulin-dependent diabetic patient who underwent a rhinoplasty for functional reasons. Consequently, we recommend screening patients with poor wound healing factors in addition to those with acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis or severe chronic rhinosinusitis before performing concurrent ESS and rhinoplasty. In our experience, complications noted during concurrent ESS and rhinoplasty were minor, indicating the overall safe nature of this combined procedure when performed in appropriate patients.
Expression of Leukotriene C4 Synthase and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms in Sinusitis
Authors: de Alarcón Alessandro , Steinke John W. , Caughey Robert , Barekzi Elizabeth , Hise Kathleen , Gross Charles W. , Han Joseph K. , Borish Larry 
Published: October 2006

Background Studies have described polymorphisms in genes involved with both leukotriene synthesis and remodeling. Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) is the critical terminal pathway enzyme involved in regulation of cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) synthesis. An A-to-C base exchange in the promoter region of the LTC4S gene influences its expression. The plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1 gene is associated with tissue fibrosis. The presence of either 4G or 5G residues in the promoter region has been associated with altered transcription. The role of these polymorphisms was investigated in patients with sinusitis and polyps. We performed a prospective study of patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery at a university hospital between 1996 and 2004. Methods Demographic data and sinus tissue were collected from patients. Patients were classified into four groups: controls, chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis (CHES), aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and chronic inflammatory sinusitis (CIS). DNA was analyzed for the LTC4S and the PAI-1 promoter polymorphisms using standard PCR techniques. Results There were 133 patients with 76 women and 57 men (mean age, 42 years). Sixty-six people were in the control group, 16 people were in the CIS group, 51 people were in the CHES group, and 22 people were in the AERD group. The LTC4S allelic frequencies were controls, A = 0.81 and C = 0.19; CIS, A = 0.73 and C = 0.27; CHES, A = 0.69 and C = 0.31; AERD, A = 0.67 and C = 0.33. The C allele was more frequent in CHES versus controls (p = 0.04). The PAI-1 allele frequencies were controls, 5G = 0.55 and 4G = 0.45; CIS, 5G = 0.47 and 4G = 0.53; CHES, 5G = 0.56 and 4G = 0.44; AERD, 5G = 0.54 and 4G = 0.46. Increased expression of the 4G allele of the PAI-1 gene was observed in CIS; however, this genetic variance between the four groups was not statistically different (p > 0.05). Conclusion There appears to be a genetic component that contributes to nasal polyp formation in sinusitis. Although the LTC4S polymorphism has previously been associated with aspirin-sensitive asthma, this is the first demonstration that the polymorphism is associated with CHES and this is independent of aspirin sensitivity.
Measurement of Water Loss in Human Nasal Mucosa
Authors: Miwa Masato , Nakajima Noriyuki , Matsunaga Mayumi , Watanabe Kensuke 
Published: October 2006

Background Regulation of the barrier function in the nasal epithelium seems to be affected by the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. The measurement of transepidermal water loss has proven to be an important noninvasive method for assessing the efficiency of the skin as a protective barrier. Although the nasal mucosal epithelium also has such a protective function, the precise mechanism still is unknown. Methods We studied the alteration of nasal mucosal water loss in the basal state and after the nontraumatic applications of physiological saline, hypertonic saline (10% NaCl), nasal barrier cream, and 10% glycerol on the mucosal surface of the inferior turbinate. Results We observed that nasal mucosal water loss was increased by hypertonic saline and decreased by nasal cream and glycerol. Conclusion For the first time, we showed the human nasal mucosal water loss both in the basal state and after topical application of various substances.
Physiological Change in Nasal Patency in Response to Changes in Posture, Temperature, and Humidity Measured by Acoustic Rhinometry
Authors: Lal Devyani , Gorges Melissa L. , Ungkhara Girapong , Reidy Patrick M. , Corey Jacquelynne P. 
Published: October 2006

Background Acoustic rhinometry has been used to assess nasal patency and to calculate nasal cavity volume. This study used acoustic rhinometry to assess changes in nasal patency after alterations in posture, unilateral mechanical obstruction, temperature, and humidity. Methods Eight healthy adult volunteer subjects underwent acoustic rhinometry during the following conditions: (1) sitting position (control), (2) supine position, (3) left lateral recumbent position, (4) nostril unilaterally mechanically blocked, (5) ice pack on neck, (6) drinking cold water, (7) drinking hot water, (8) nasal nebulizer, and (9) oxymetazoline decongestant. Results Two distinct patterns emerged based on the total nasal cavity volumes in response to the decongestant. Subjects with initial unilateral nasal cavity volumes near the mean had an expected increase in total volume after the topical decongestant administration. There were two subjects with initial volumes of 1 SD above the mean that had a paradoxical decrease in total volume in response to the decongestant. In all subjects, there was a significant decrease in the volume of each of the nasal cavities in response to ingestion of hot water at 1 minute. There was a significant decrease in the volume of the smaller of the two nasal cavities in response to nebulizer treatment and hot water ingestion at 5 minutes. Total nasal cavity volume changes were not significant for any of the variables. Conclusion Changes in nasal cavity volumes were detected by acoustic rhinometry after alterations in posture, unilateral mechanical obstruction, temperature, and humidity. Nebulizer treatment and hot water ingestion caused a significant decrease in nasal volume. The nose of a healthy patient was able to adapt to environmental and physiological changes to maintain a consistent total nasal volume within 15 minutes.
Collective Intelligence in Design
Authors: Hight Christopher , Perry Chris 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn their introduction to this issue, Christopher Hight and Chris Perry define the idea of collective intelligence in its relationship to design practice and to broader technological and social formations. First they suggest a reformulation of practices around networked communication infrastructures as conduits for the new orchestrations of power that Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt detailed in their books Empire and Multitude. They then describe how such practices are often involved in the development of responsive sensing environments as new sites for manifesting the social organisations and communities made possible via telecommunications and the Internet. Lastly, they address how traditional boundaries of design disciplines and knowledge, from architecture to programming, are opening into complex co‐minglings of their respective isolated ‘intelligences’ into collectives capable of engaging these new sites, new briefs and new sorts of projects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collective Cognition: Neural Fabrics and Social Software
Authors: Tierney Therese 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFor decades, the MIT Media Lab has been a centre of innovative and highly influential research on emerging technologies, including responsive and interactive sensing systems, software programming and forms of artificial intelligence, and robotic design and communication systems for new forms of knowledge production and distribution. Therese Tierney writes about several aspects of the Media Lab's research, including the current work of John Maeda, as well as the work of collaborators such as CEB Reas and Ben Fry, who she argues are developing work in new and sophisticated directions. She positions this work within the larger thematic of collective intelligence by addressing the particularly social forms of practice and the necessary connection to intelligent software and sensing technologies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The AADRL: Design, Collaboration and Convergence
Authors: Steele Brett 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBrett Steele, former director of the Architectural Association's Design Research Laboratory (AADRL) and now director of the Architectural Association, reflects upon the DRL as a laboratory for the production of a different kind of student and teacher, and ultimately as a new model for architectural education. His ‘screenshots’ offer an informal image/text‐based window through which to browse the general atmosphere of that research endeavour. The DRL was also very active in employing outside specialists from a variety of disciplines including computer programming and robotics. These interests were situated within the DRL's much larger ambition of rethinking the very definition of research itself, not isolated in the purely reflective interests of history and criticism but based on the projective desires of innovation. Moreover, the organisation of these new laboratories of design life begin to resemble their objects of study. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Working with Wiki, by Design
Authors: Burrow Andrew , Burry Jane 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAndrew Burrow and Jane Burry explain the use of online platforms, such as wiki, employed by the Spatial Information Architecture Laboratory (SIAL) at RMIT University in Melbourne. As they demonstrate, these platforms enable projects whose participants span the globe, in turn situating SIAL within an internationally distributed design research network incorporating diverse forms of expertise. This includes the academic research under way at SIAL, much of which is done collaboratively with various other design and research entities, as well as the international work of SIAL's director Mark Burry, who has been developing innovative design and fabrication methods for the completion of Gaudí's complex proposal for the Sagrada Família church. SIAL's wiki platform collapses geographic and temporal distance to allow geographically dispersed agents to collaborate in unprecedented ways, integrating widely diverse sets of knowledge into the design process. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Terminal nerve in the mouse‐eared bat (Myotis myotis): Ontogenetic aspects
Authors: Jastrow Holger , Oelschläger Helmut Hermann August 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAs in other mammals, ontogenesis of the terminal nerve (TN) in the mouse‐eared bat (Myotis myotis) starts shortly after the formation of the olfactory placode, a derivative of the ectoderm. During development of the olfactory pit, proliferating neuroblasts thicken the placodal epithelium and one cell population migrates toward the rostroventral tip of the telencephalon. Here they accumulate in a primordial terminal ganglion, which successively divides into smaller units. Initial fibers of the TN can be distinguished from olfactory fibers in the mid‐embryonic period. The main TN fiber bundle (mfb) originates from the anteriormost ganglion in the nasal roof, whereas one or more inconstant smaller fiber bundles (sfb) originate from one or more smaller ganglia in the basal part of the rostral nasal septum. The fibers of the mfb and sfbs join in the posterior quarter of the nasal roof before reaching the central ganglion (M) located in the meninges medial to the olfactory bulb. From the mid‐fetal period onward, a thin TN fiber bundle with some intermingled perikarya connects M to the brain by penetrating its wall rostral to the olfactory tubercle. Additional smaller ganglia may occur in this region. The TN and its ganglia persist in postnatal and adult bats but the number of perikarya is reduced here. Moreover, the different potential functions of the TN are discussed briefly. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1201–1215, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of task difficulty on use of advice
Authors: Gino Francesca , Moore Don A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough prior studies have found that people generally underweight advice from others, such discounting of advice is not universal. Two studies examined the impact of task difficulty on the use of advice. In both studies, the strategy participants used to weigh advice varied with task difficulty even when it should not have. In particular, the results show that people tend to overweight advice on difficult tasks and underweight advice on easy tasks. This pattern held regardless of whether advice was automatically provided or whether people had to seek it out. The paper discusses implications for the circumstances under which people will be open to influence by advisors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased Enantioselectivity and Remarkable Acceleration of Lipase‐Catalyzed Transesterification by Using an Imidazolium PEG–Alkyl Sulfate Ionic Liquid
Authors: Itoh Toshiyuki , Matsushita Yuichi , Abe Yoshikazu , Han Shi‐hui , Wada Shohei , Hayase Shuichi , Kawatsura Motoi , Takai Shigeomi , Morimoto Minoru , Hirose Yoshihiko 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeveral types of imidazolium salt ionic liquids were prepared derived from poly(oxyethylene)alkyl sulfate and used as an additive or coating material for lipase‐catalyzed transesterification in an organic solvent. A remarkably increased enantioselectivity was obtained when the salt was added at 3–10 mol % versus substrate in the Burkholderia cepacia lipase (lipase PS‐C)‐catalyzed transesterification of 1‐phenylethanol by using vinyl acetate in diisopropyl ether or a hexane solvent system. In particular, a remarkable acceleration was accomplished by the ionic liquid coating with lipase PS in an iPr2O solvent system while maintaining excellent enantioselectivity; it reached approximately 500‐ to 1000‐fold acceleration for some substrates with excellent enantioselectivity. A similar acceleration was also observed for IL 1‐coated Candida rugosa lipase. MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry experiments of the ionic‐liquid‐coated lipase PS suggest that ionic liquid binds with lipase protein.
Synthesis of Fluorine‐Containing N‐Benzyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and N‐Methyl‐pyrazoles from Conjugated Alkynes.
Authors: Rama Rao V. V. V. N. S. , Lingaiah B. P. V. , Yadla R. , Shanthan Rao P. , Ravikumar K. , Swamy G. Y. S. K. , Narsimulu K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of TMS‐, Alkyl‐, or Aryl‐Substituted cis‐[3]Cumulenols via α‐Alkynylated Zirconacyclopentenes.
Authors: Liu Yuanhong , Gao Hongjun , Zhou Shaolin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
3,3′‐Bimorpholine Derivatives as a New Class of Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Michael Addition.
Authors: Mosse Sarah , Laars Marju , Kriis Kadri , Kanger Tonis , Alexakis Alexandre 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Promoted One‐Pot Synthesis of 4H‐Thiopyrans from α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones via a Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Barthakur Madan G. , Chetia Apurba , Boruah Romesh C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 1,3‐Selenazetidines and 4H‐1,3,5‐Oxadiazines Using Acyl Isoselenocyanates.
Authors: Koketsu Mamoru , Yamamura Yusuke , Ando Hiromune , Ishihara Hideharu 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Metathesis: Recent Advances, Limitations and Opportunities
Authors: Conrad Jay C. , Fogg Deryn E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simulations of the Dynamics of 18‐Crown‐6 and Its Complexes: From the Gas Phase to Aqueous Interfaces with Supercritical CO2 and a Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquid
Authors: Chaumont A. , Schurhammer R. , Vayssiere P. , Wipff G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fast‐response VHF pulsed 2 KW power amplifiers
Authors: Quine Richard W. , Eaton Gareth R. , Dillon Shane 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA pulsed power amplifier operating at a nominal 250 MHz with 2 kW (+63 dBm) output was designed to meet the specifications for an application in a pulsed EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectrometer and was built by Tomco Technologies of Adelaide, South Australia. Key design features were pulse fidelity for short (e.g., 40 ns) RF pulses, output noise blanking after the pulse, and output power linear with input power from very low levels up to 2 kW output. A summary of the specifications, design, and performance of the amplifier is presented. The 2 kW RF amplifier tested has approximately 12 ns rise times and 15 ns fall times, permitting the formation of approximately 40 ns RF pulses. It has negligible amplitude droop over microsecond‐long pulses and negligible phase change over microsecond long pulses. There was observable but small phase change during the rise and fall times of the pulse. Even for input pulses as short as 16 ns, the output pulse peaks at more than half of the rated power output. Application to measuring the free induction decays of triaryl methyl radicals in aqueous solution was demonstrated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 29B: 185–190, 2006.