bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The occurrence of tumours in F1, F2, and F3 descendants of pregnant mice injected with 7,12‐dimethylbenz(A) anthracene
Authors: Tomatis L. , Goodall C. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPregnant MA mice were injected intraperitoneally with 400 micrograms of 7,12‐Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in olive oil during the last stages of pregnancy. The genetic design of the experiment included the follow‐up of the descendants for three consecutive generations and the cross‐mating between the F1 descendants of treated mothers with descendants of untreated controls. An increased incidence of tumours was observed in the female F1 and F2 descendants and the female F2f descendants (cross‐mating of F1 female descendants from a treated mother and male descendants from an untreated control). The tumours were observed in animals dying at a late age which approximately corresponded to the age when spontaneous tumours were observed in control animals. The most frequent types of tumours were the same as observed in the control animals, together with a handful of rarely observed tumours. In the F1 and F2 male descendants the tumour incidence was higher than in control animals but the difference was statistically not significant (binomial test). No significant increase in tumour incidence was observed in the F3 and F2m descendants (cross‐mating of F1 male descendants from treated mothers with female descendants from untreated controls). While the mice of F1 generation were directly exposed to small amounts of the chemical carcinogen via the mothers' milk and excreta, and possibly through the placenta, it seems unlikely that DMBA as such was transmitted to the F2 descendants.
The antigenic structure of nephroblastomas
Authors: Linder Ewert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antigenic structure of 13 nephroblastomas was compared to that of differentiating nephrogenic mesenchyme of the foetal kidney by immunodiffusion and the fluorescent antibody technique using absorbed antisera against tumour, foetal kidney and postnatal kidney.No tumour‐specific antigens were demonstrated. Immunodiffusion experiments showed that undifferentiated tumour tissue contains common antigens present in a variety of normal tissues. Undifferentiated tumour contained, however, additional antigens associated with differentiated structures („differentiative antigens”︁).The metanephrogenic mesenchyme of foetal kidneys resembled undifferentiated tumour in lacking antigens associated with differentiated structures. These two tissues differed in that foetal antigens (not found in postnatal kidneys) were present in the metanephrogenic mesenchyme but absent from tumours.„Differentiative antigens”︁ appear during the morphological differentiation of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme which will form the different parts of the nephron. An analogous situation was seen in nephroblastomas in regions where morphological differentiation had occurred. In the tumours „differentiative antigens”︁ were observed in tubular structures, pseudoglomerules and muscle cells. Brush border antigen (s) normally present in the proximal secreting tubules were demonstrated in some tubular structures of the tumours. Glomerular epithelial antigen (s) were seen in pseudoglomeruli. Differentiation in tumours, however, does not proceed as far as in the kidney. This is shown by the absence of „kidney‐specific”︁ brush border antigens.The results of the present investigation favour the hypothesis that nephroblastomas arise from cells that normally differentiate into kidney structures.
Identification of the filtrable leukocyte‐transforming factor of qimr‐wil cells as herpes‐like virus
Authors: Pope J. H. , Horne M. K. , Scott W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe QIMR‐WIL human leukocyte cell line contains a filtrable factor which transforms foetal human leukocytes and allows establishment of cell lines. The factor resembled members of the Herpesvirus group in its size as determined by filtration and in its sensitivity to high temperature and ether. The transforming activity of the factor was completely neutralized by human sera containing antibody to the herpes‐like virus of the QIMR‐WIL line but not by control human sera without this antibody. It was concluded that the QIMR‐WIL transforming factor was the herpes‐like virus. Similar transformation was effected by filtrates of the Burkitt lymphoma line QIMR‐GOR which also carries herpes‐like virus. The delayed onset of leukocyte proliferation occurring with virus from QIMR‐GOR cells (49 days) compared with virus from QIMR‐WIL cells (23 days) suggests that strain differences exist.
Comparative study of lung carcinogenesis, promoting action in leukaemogenesis and initiating action in skin tumorigenesis by urethane, hydrazine and related compounds
Authors: Mirvish S. S. , Chen Louise , Haran‐Ghera Nechama , Berenblum I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUrethane, N‐hydroxyurethane, hydrazine and some related compounds were tested in C57BL/6 and SWR mice for activity as lung carcinogens, promoters of X‐ray leukaemogenesis, and skin tumour initiators. Equimolar doses were used where possible. N‐hydroxyurethane (ethyl hydroxycarbamate) was as strongly coleukaemogenic as urethane, and equally or less active than urethane as a lung carcinogen. Methyl and n‐propyl hydroxycarbamates were inactive in all three tests, which suggests that the chemical specificity of urethane is not due to an ethyl‐specific N‐hydroxylating system. Acetylurethane showed considerable lung‐carcinogenic and coleukaemogenic activities, and N‐methoxyurethane (ethyl methoxycarbamate) and n‐propyl carbamate showed weak lung‐carcinogenic activities. Earlier reports that hydroxyurea is not a lung carcinogen were confirmed, but a weak coleukaemogenic effect was apparent. Hydrazine sulphate showed a weak but definite activity as lung carcinogen despite the low dose used, and on a molar basis appeared to be almost as active as urethane. Methylhydrazine sulphate was inactive.The effects of single injections on the thymus weight of C57BL/6 mice were compared for four of the test compounds. N‐hydroxyurethane produced an earlier and stronger depression of thymus weight than urethane, n‐propyl hydroxycarbamate showed a definite but short‐lived effect, and n‐propyl carbamate was almost inactive. The results suggest that hydroxycarbamates exert a direct action on thymus weight, in addition to an action via conversion into the corresponding carbamates.
Report of the working group on studies of cancer and related diseases in migrant populations
Authors: Haenszel William 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe great variation among populations in site‐specific cancer risks is well documented. Migrant populations, which represent an experiment of Nature, provide an observational setting in which the contributions of environmental factors and host characteristics to this variability can be investigated; to this end studies of selected migrant populations have been initiated during the past decade. To exchange information on techniques and ongoing investigations and to identify new opportunities for work, the UICC Committee on Studies of Migrant Populations organized a meeting of a Working Group at the East‐West Center in Honolulu from February 5 to 12. Scientists from 11 countries (Australia, Colombia, France, Israel, Japan, Norway, Poland, Singapore, South Africa, Switzerland, United States) participated.
The lipids of normal diploid (WI‐38) and sv40‐transformed human cells
Authors: Howard Barbara V. , Kritchevsky David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe lipids of human diploid cell strain WI‐38 and of a line derived from it by SV40 transformation have been studied. The lipid composition and fatty acid spectra of both resemble those reported for other tissue culture cells and human tissues. The lipids of the normal and transformed cells are similar except that there are decreases in the content of phospholipids and of arachidonic acid in the transformed cells. The ability of the cells to synthesize lipids was assayed in a „resting”︁ cell system. Both cell types were able to incorporate labelled acetate into their component neutral lipids and phospholipids, but the rates observed were lower than that required for cell growth. Elevation in the rate of cholesterol synthesis was observed in the transformed cells. The data are discussed in relation to other reports in the literature on lipids and neoplasms.
Studies on bovine lymphosarcoma: Formation of syncytia and detection of virus particles in mixed‐cell cultures
Authors: Cornefert‐Jensen F. R. , Hare W. C. D. , Stock N. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper reports studies on mixed‐cell cultures of human diploid embryonic lung (WI‐38) cells, embryonic bovine tracheal (EBTr) cells, and bovine embryonic kidney (BEK) cells with thoracic duct lymphocytes and buffy coat cells from lymphosarcoma and normal cattle, and lymphocytes from lymphosarcoma cattle that have been established as cell lines (NBC) in suspension culture. Peripolesis and emperipolesis were very pronounced during the first hours after initiation of mixed cultures with „lymphosarcoma”︁ lymphocytes, whereas little or no peripolesis or emperipolesis characterized mixed cultures with „normal”︁ lymphocytes. Syncytial formation, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and nuclear abnormalities occurred in all the mixed cultures containing cells from lymphosarcoma animals. Cells from normal animals did not provoke the characteristic cytopathic effect, with the exception of buffy coat cells from one animal. Interferon was demonstrated in some of the syncytia‐positive cultures. The data suggest that the cultures were infected with a latent syncytial virus. Immunological data indicate that this virus was not infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine parainfluenza 3, or bovine viral diarrhea, and preliminary serological data suggest that the lymphosarcoma animals may develop neutralizing antibodies against it. In two cell lines derived from mixed cultures of WI‐38 and EBTr with NBC‐17, numerous virus particles were observed by electron microscopy both extracellularly and, in many instances, budding from the plasma membranes or from cytoplasmic vacuole membranes. The possible relationship of the virus to bovine lymphosarcoma remains to be elucidated.
Relative ultraviolet radiation target size of certain functions of the polyoma virus
Authors: Meyer G. , Lhérisson‐Straboni A. M. , Bonneau H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been shown earlier for polyoma virus that the radiation target size for ability to transform is five times smaller than for ability to form plaques.In the present experiments ultraviolet irradiation has been applied in a similar manner in order to study two further characteristics of polyoma virus: ability to induce nuclear T antigen and ability to induce homograft rejection antigen. The results show that about half the viral genome is required for the former but only a sixth for the latter.It is concluded that the more sensitive attribute of the virus (determining nuclear T antigen) is present in cells transformed by the more resistant part of the viral genome. This is explained by the fact that after irradiation, a larger number of virions can cause abortive infection of cells that can cause transformation, thus leading to a relative increase in the power to transform.
Malignant tumors in chinese a report based on biopsy and autopsy material from chinese in hong kong
Authors: Belamaric Juan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to determine the relative frequency of various forms of cancer occurring among Chinese in Hong Kong, 5,634 histologically proven malignant tumors were tabulated according to the source of material, age and sex of the patient, and primary site and histologic type of the tumor. The findings were compared with observations made on Chinese in other parts of Asia. The high relative frequency in the Hong Kong population of carcinomas of the nasopharynx, liver and chorion was confirmed; penile carcinoma was found to be less common than hitherto believed; attention was directed to the relative infrequency of carcinoma of the prostate gland and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip.
The epidemiology of breast cancer; Review and prospects
Authors: de Waard F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the epidemiology of a disease, which is multifactorial to such an extent as we believe breast cancer to be, attention should be paid even to “weak” factors and an attempt should be made to assign a place to them in an aetiologic system which is biologically sound. Medical knowledge will help us in doing this, and the exercises in “metabolic epidemiology” will be as useful as statistical manipulations and computer programming.Two developments seem to be taking place, one of them being the teamwork between analytic epidemiology and biochemistry; the other is that we are begining to realize that most so‐called chronic diseases of relatively high prevalence are like icebergs in the sea with a vast amount of subclinical abnormalities in the “healthy” population (and therefore in our control groups).
Studies on serum‐mediated inhibition of cellular immunity to spontaneous mouse mammary tumors
Authors: Heppner G. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from mice which have either spontaneously developed a mammary tumor, or which have been immunized against such a tumor, have been shown capable of abrogating the ability of lymph‐node cells from these mice to specifically inhibit colony formation by mammary tumor cells in vitro. Sera from mice sensitized to another, independently arising, syngeneic mammary tumor or to a syngeneic Moloney sarcoma virus‐induced tumor are less active in this respect, indicating that this reaction is specific. It is suggested that these observations are related to the in vivo phenomenon called immunological enhancement.
Antibodies in patients with Burkitt's tumor and leukemia: Comparison of two fluorescence tests
Authors: Goldman Morris , Bushar Harry F. , Reisher Joel I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMembrane and cytoplasmic fluorescence tests were performed on 132 sera from normal controls and patients with Burkitt's tumor or leukemia. Antigen consisted of four lymphoblast cultures, two containing and two lacking a herpes‐type virus. Essentially all tests were negative with the virus‐free lines, but gross discrepancies occurred between the tests with the cell lines that contained virus.
Studies on plasma membranes. IX. A survey of enzyme activities displayed by plasma membranes isolated from normal and preneoplastic livers and primary and transplanted hepatomas of the rat
Authors: Emmelot P. , Bos C. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlasma membranes were isolated from normal rat livers, livers of rats fed for various periods of time with 4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene (4‐DAB), primary hepatomas, and transplants of hepatoma 484. The tissues were homogenized in three media, i.e. 1 mM HCO3 of pH 7.5, 1 mM NaHCO3 containing 2 mM CaCl2, and 2.8 mM citric acid. The isolated plasma membranes were assayed for enzymes previously demonstrated in plasma membranes isolated from rat‐liver homogenates prepared in 1 mM NaHCO3.Enzyme levels in liver membranes obtained from dilute citric acid homogenates differed markedly from those obtained following tissue homogenization in the bicarbonate media. The hepatoma‐484 membranes obtained from citric acid homogenates resembled enzymatically those isolated from bicarbonate‐CaCl2 medium. Of the three homogenization media employed, 1 mM NaHCO3‐2 mM CaCl2 (CaCl2 being required for the isolation of hepatoma‐484 membranes, but being optional for liver) yielded membranes most suitable for a comparative investigation.None of the enzymes present in liver membranes was absent from the hepatoma‐484 membranes. Hexokinase was present in the latter but absent from liver and primary‐hepatoma membranes. No difference in specific enzyme activities between liver and hepatoma‐484 membranes was observed for acid nitrophenylphosphatase, acetylphosphatase, K+‐acetylphosphatase, glucose‐6‐phosphatase and, as formerly shown, leucyl‐β‐naphthylamidase. Alkaline and acid glycerolphosphatases, alkaline nitrophenylphosphatase and alkaline K+‐nitrophenylphosphatase, alkaline and acid phosphodiesterases, and (Na±K+) ATPase were from slightly to markedly increased in the hepatoma as compared with liver membranes, The ATPase, 5′‐mononucleotidase, “neutral” nitrophenylphosphatase and “neutral” K+‐nitrophenylphosphatase, inosine diphosphatase and non‐specific esterase activities were lower in hepatoma than in liver membranes.Alkaline glycerolphosphatase and acid phosphodiesterase increased and ATPase and non‐specific esterase decreased in activity with the development of the neoplastic process to reach, respectively, the highest and the lowest levels in the membranes of the transplanted hepatoma.
Direct membrane fluorescence reaction of EBV‐carrying human lymphoblastoid cells: Blocking tests with xenogeneic antisera
Authors: Bremberg Sven , Klein George , Epstein Anthony 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe direct membrane fluorescence reaction obtained between a fluorescein‐conjugated reference antiserum of a Burkitt lymphoma patient (Mutua) and the EBV‐associated membrane antigen complex carried on lymphoblastoid cell lines of Burkitt lymphoma or infectious mononucleosis origin was evaluated with regard to its ability to distinguish between anti‐species and anti‐EBV antibodies in heterologous (rabbit) antisera. The serum of a rabbit immunized with EB virus concentrate gave fair to very good blocking of the direct membrane reaction with the Mutua conjugate. The sera of rabbits immunized with chronic lymphatic leukemia cells were free of significant blocking activity. Sera of three rabbits immunized with Burkitt lymphoma biopsies gave significant blocking in several tests. It is concluded that the EBV‐determined surface antigen receptors can be distinguished from species‐specific membrane antigen sites and that this type of approach may be helpful to study the mutual relationships of antigenic structures identified by auto‐, allo‐ and heteroantibodies, respectively.
Chromosomal analysis of some transplanted tumors induced by 3‐methylcholanthrene in golden hamsters
Authors: Popescu N. C. , Cioloca Lidia , Liciu Florentina , Encut I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree primary tumors induced by 3‐MCA in the golden hamster, with a diploid chromosome constitution and a short latency period, were allogeneically transplanted. Three tumor lines with a total of 19 individual transplanted tumors were chromosomally analyzed. None of the originally diploid tumors preserved its chromosomal constitution in allogeneic serial transplantation. A model of heteroploid transformation was established. In two tumor lines the presence of host cells was observed and in one line at advanced passages a new tumor‐cell population occurred with multiple severe chromosomal aberrations derived from the host cells. No specific chromosomal changes could be observed, but each line was characterized by chromosomal markers and a non‐random distribution in some chromosome groups was identified.The spontaneous occurrence of chromosomal aberrations with a very high incidence occurring in the host cells at advanced passages could not be accounted for by direct action of the chemical substance and possible secondary factor/s of a viral or metabolic nature are discussed.
Inactivation of an x‐irradiated tumor by independent processes in in vivo
Authors: Maruyama Yosh , Ackerman Eugene , Khan Faiz M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn inactivation model is postulated for tumor‐cell radiation response in vivo based upon the response to multiple independent processes. These are intrinsic cell radiation response (Process 1), and immunological host resistance (Process 2). A composite dose‐effect relationship which arises is described. Experimental data found with the LSA mouse lymphoma are analyzed and show agreement with the model proposed.
Malignant and transforming activity of rous sarcoma virus. II. The study of variants of rous sarcoma virus isolated from mouse tumours
Authors: Obukh I. B. , Kryukova I. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVirus variants from Af mouse tumours induced by syngeneic cultured cells infected with Carr‐Zilber strain of Rous sarcoma virus were studies. These variants were highly oncogenic for adult mice and golden hamsters thus differing from the original Carr‐Zilber strain. The coat antigens of these viruses were not different from those of the original strain. By means of fusion with normal chicken fibroblasts an RSV variant was isolated from transformed non‐malignant cultures. This virus did not differ, in its oncogenicity for adult hamsters and mice, from variants isolated from mouse tumours.
TNM clinical stage classification of breast cancer
Authors: Berndt H. , Titze U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the years 1949 to 1959, 627 patients with breast cancer were treated as in‐patients in the Robert Rössle Clinic. The 5‐year survival rates are available for all of them and the 10‐year survival rates for 475. Careful recording of the clinical findings prior to therapy made it possible to classify the patients into TNM groups respectively according to the UICC Committee's recommendations. T groups 1 and 2 are sufficiently homogeneous but groups T3 and T4 apparently are not. Not all criteria suggested for classification are suitably chosen. The TNM classification can be used clinically but its advantages are mostly lost when the TNM groups are combined into clinical stages. Stage III, in particular, comprises too many TNM groups differing too much from each other. Some proposals are made for the further development of the TNM classification.
Serum complement level in patients with leukemia
Authors: Yoshikawa Satoshi , Yamada Kazumasa , Yoshida Takato O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe serum complement level was studied in 94 cases of patients with myelogenous and lymphogenous leukemia, including long‐term survivors. Studies on serial changes in the serum complement level at exacerbation stage and at remission stage in 10 patients with acute leukemia were carried out separately. In two cases of acute myelogenous leukemia, serum complement levels were followed up during the course of the clinical stage. Serum complement levels in the majority of cases of chronic leukemia patients studied remained within the range of healthy control complement levels, while wide variations were noted in acute leukemic patients, especially in those at the stage of exacerbation. In lymphogenous leukemic patients, complement levels showed a larger variation with a trend of either higher or lower values as compared to those of both healthy control subjects and myelogenous leukemia. The serum complement levels showed a tendency to fluctuate in accordance with the exacerbation and the remission of the disease, and in the majority of cases a normal serum complement level was seen at the stage of remission. Correlation between C'H50 values and C'I‐A50 values in patient sera was not found among the limited number of cases studied.