bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling bacterial contamination of fuel ethanol fermentation
Authors: Bischoff Kenneth M. , Liu Siqing , Leathers Timothy D. , Worthington Ronald E. , Rich Joseph O. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria may limit the effectiveness of antibiotics to treat bacterial contamination in fuel ethanol plants, and therefore, new antibacterial intervention methods and tools to test their application are needed. Using shake‐flask cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on saccharified corn mash and strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a dry‐grind ethanol facility, a simple model to simulate bacterial contamination and infection was developed. Challenging the model with 108 CFU/mL Lactobacillus fermentum decreased ethanol yield by 27% and increased residual glucose from 6.2 to 45.5 g/L. The magnitude of the effect was proportional to the initial bacterial load, with 105 CFU/mL L. fermentum still producing an 8% decrease in ethanol and a 3.2‐fold increase in residual glucose. Infection was also dependent on the bacterial species used to challenge the fermentation, as neither L. delbrueckii ATCC 4797 nor L. amylovorus 0315‐7B produced a significant decrease in ethanol when inoculated at a density of 108 CFU/mL. In the shake‐flask model, treatment with 2 µg/mL virginiamycin mitigated the infection when challenged with a susceptible strain of L. fermentum (MIC for virginiamycin ≤2 ppm), but treatment was ineffective at treating infection by a resistant strain of L. fermentum (MIC = 16 ppm). The model may find application in developing new antibacterial agents and management practices for use in controlling contamination in the fuel ethanol industry. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 117–122. Published 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultra scale‐down of protein refold screening in microwells: Challenges, solutions and application
Authors: Mannall Gareth J. , Myers James P. , Liddell John , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel J. , Dalby Paul A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSteps for the refolding of proteins from solubilized inclusion bodies or misfolded product often represent bottlenecks in process development, where optimal conditions are typically derived empirically. To expedite refolding optimization, microwell screening may be used to test multiple conditions in parallel. Fast, accurate, and reproducible assays are required for such screening processes, and the results derived must be representative of the process at full scale. This article demonstrates the use of these microscale techniques to evaluate the effects of a number of additives on the refolding of IGF‐1 from denatured inclusion bodies, using an established HPLC assay for this protein. Prior to this, microwell refolding was calibrated for scale‐up using hen egg‐white lysozyme (HEWL) as an initial model protein, allowing us to implement and compare several assays for protein refolding, including turbidity, enzyme activity, and chromatographic methods, and assess their use for microwell‐based experimentation. The impact of various microplate types upon protein binding and loss is also assessed. Solution mixing is a key factor in protein refolding, therefore we have characterized the effects of different methods of mixing in microwells in terms of their impact on protein refolding. Our results confirm the applicability and scalability of microwell screening for the development of protein refolding processes, and its potential for application to new inclusion body‐derived protein products. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 329–340. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding and harnessing the microaerobic metabolism of glycerol in Escherichia coli
Authors: Durnin Guyton , Clomburg James , Yeates Zeno , Alvarez Pedro J.J. , Zygourakis Kyriacos , Campbell Paul , Gonzalez Ramon 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGiven its availability, low prices, and high degree of reduction, glycerol has become an ideal feedstock for the production of reduced compounds. The anaerobic fermentation of glycerol by Escherichia coli could be an excellent platform for this purpose but it requires expensive nutrients such as tryptone and yeast extract. In this work, microaerobic conditions were used as a means of eliminating the need for rich nutrients. Availability of low amounts of oxygen enabled redox balance while preserving the ability to synthesize reduced products. A fermentation balance analysis showed ∼95% recovery of carbon and reducing equivalents. The pathways involved in glycerol dissimilation were identified using different genetic and biochemical approaches. Respiratory (GlpK‐GlpD/GlpABC) and fermentative (GldA‐DhaKLM) routes mediated the conversion of glycerol to glycolytic intermediates. Although pyruvate formate‐lyase (PFL) and pyruvate dehydrogenase contributed to the synthesis of acetyl‐CoA from pyruvate, most of the carbon flux proceeded through PFL. The pathways mediating the synthesis of acetate and ethanol were required for the efficient utilization of glycerol. The microaerobic metabolism of glycerol was harnessed by engineering strains for the co‐production of ethanol and hydrogen (EH05 [pZSKLMgldA]), and ethanol and formate (EF06 [pZSKLMgldA]). High ethanol yields were achieved by genetic manipulations that reduced the synthesis of by‐products succinate, acetate, and lactate. Co‐production of hydrogen required the use of acidic pH while formate co‐production was facilitated by inactivation of the enzyme formate‐hydrogen lyase. High rates of product synthesis were realized by overexpressing glycerol dehydrogenase (GldA) and dihydroxyacetone kinase (DhaKLM). Engineered strains efficiently produced ethanol and hydrogen and ethanol and formate from glycerol in a minimal medium without rich supplements. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 148–161. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Teaching astronomy and celestial mechanics through virtual reality
Authors: Guimarães Marcelo de Paiva , Gnecco Bruno Barberi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe discuss in this article issues involved in using state interactive and immersive virtual reality (VR) environments to the teaching of Astronomy, and how it improves student understanding. We also show that VR systems can nowadays be deployed with low‐cost, off‐the‐shelf components, and that they do not require the huge amount of expertise to be setup as they did only a few years ago, allowing all institutions to acquire them. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 196–205, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20174
Generation of a virtual reality‐based automotive driving training system for CAD education
Authors: Liang Janus 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDesigning and constructing a virtual reality‐based system is useful for educating students about scenario planning, geometric modeling and computer graphics. In particular, students are exposed to the practical issues surrounding topics such as geometric modeling, rendering, collision detection, model animation and graphical design. Meanwhile, building an application system provides students exposure to the real‐world side of software engineering that they are typically shielded from in the traditional computer class. This study is a description of the experiences with instructing “Computer‐aided Industrial design” and “OOP,” two introductory classes that focus on designing and generating the VR based system possible in the course of a semester and then “VR System,” an advanced course in the next semester. This study emphasizes the continuing evolution in the training and educational needs of students of CAD‐systems. This study breaks down an automobile driving training system into different components that are suitable for individual student projects and discusses the use of modern graphical design tools such as 3ds MAX for artistic design in this system. The conclusion of this study proposes a rough schedule for developing a VR based system during the course of a semester and an overview is given of a concept of a virtual reality‐based design and constructing system that is being developed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 148–166, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20178
SIMPERF: SIMULINK‐based educational software for vehicle's performance estimation
Authors: Calvo J. A. , Boada M. J. , Díaz V. , Olmeda E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper presents an educational software called SIMPERF developed to allow the engineering students to learn easily and quickly about the vehicle's performance calculations. This software uses the SIMULINK library of MATLAB which has shown to be a good choice to implement and solve the implicated equations. The model allows us to achieve the vehicle's performances with enough accuracy and to modify the parameters than influence on these performances quickly and easily in order to understand the physic phenomena involved. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 139–147, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20191
A life of ease and immorality: Health professionals' constructions of mothering on welfare
Authors: Breheny Mary , Stephens Christine 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMothering on welfare is often discussed as perpetuating disadvantage and discouraging individuals from meaningful social activity defined as paid employment. This is understood in the context of increasing commitment to a neo‐liberalist agenda, where people are viewed as autonomous individuals in a market economy, and unequal rewards within this economy are due to individual failings. The discourse analysis presented here examines how health professionals in New Zealand construct what it means to be a mother on welfare within the context of interviews on the health care needs of adolescent mothers. Mothering on welfare is predominantly described as transgressing social norms, where a life of ease is an indicator of immoral conduct and personal value is determined through education and employment. The welfare mother is also viewed as transgressing the norms of appropriate family structures and the sexual practices sanctioned within these structures. The legitimate work of mothering is absent in these accounts while the life of ease and plenty on welfare is made visible. These discourses draw attention to the ways in which welfare mothers are disqualified from neo‐liberal definitions of citizenship, and demonstrate how motherhood on welfare is regarded as undermining rather than contributing to society. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of the Boomerang catalyst™ advantage closure device to facilitate complex multistaged percutaneous revascularization procedures for the treatment of critical limb ischemia
Authors: Garcia Joel A. , Casserly Ivan P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn increasing spectrum of complex peripheral arterial disease may be successfully treated using percutaneous revascularization techniques. A pair of challenging peripheral revascularization procedures in patients with critical limb ischemia is presented, where an array of inteventional tools and techniques were required, and the off‐label use of the Boomerang catalyst system closure device was important in managing a variety of complex arterial access issues and ultimately allowing procedural success. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perforation of the aortic sinus after closure of atrial septal defects with the Atriasept occluder
Authors: Brown Stephen , Gewillig Marc 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPercutaneous atrial septal defect closure is routinely performed nowadays because of the ease of implantation as well as the low complication rate. The Atriasept ASD occluder is a low profile, double disc device; over the years several modifications have been made. We report two cases of aortic sinus perforation by the Atriasept ASD occluder (model 2007). Two asymptomatic patients, in whom the device was implanted, were noticed to have metal projecting into the aorta. Real‐time fluoroscopy showed fractures of the outer metal ring with abnormal movement of one of the struts of the device. One patient is being conservatively managed and in the other the device was surgically removed due to the presence of a second ASD, which needed closure. Transesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopy may be necessary to identify this potentially life‐threatening complication of this device. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intravascular ultrasound and 3D angle measurements of coronary bifurcations
Authors: van der Waal Eva C. , Mintz Gary S. , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. , Bui Anh B. , Pehlivanova Marieta , Girasis Chrysafios , Serruys Patrick W. , van der Giessen Wim J. , Weissman Neil J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective: To standardize the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis of coronary bifurcations. Background: Percutaneous treatment of bifurcation lesions is difficult particularly at the side branch ostium. Imaging techniques may improve our understanding of treatment options. There is no established IVUS methodology to assess the bifurcation. The present study aims to develop standards for bifurcation imaging. Methods: Quantitative IVUS analysis and 3D bifurcation angle measurements were performed in 34 patients who were selected from the Washington Hospital Center Database. Patients were included if both left anterior descending (LAD) and first diagonal (DX) pullbacks in the same procedure were done. Angiograms were available in 27 patients to measure the 3D bifurcation angle using specialized software. Pullbacks were analyzed proximal and distal to the bifurcation, and at the bifurcation. Results: ProxLAD versus ProxLAD(DX) were similar for vessel area (15.5 ± 4.6 mm2 vs. 15.9 ± 4.0 mm2, P = 0.19), lumen area (8.3 ± 3.6 mm2 vs. 8.6 ± 3.3 mm2, P = 0.25), and plaque area (7.2 ± 2.0 mm2 vs. 7.3 ± 1.9 mm2, P = 0.55). However, BifurcationLAD was larger than BifurcationDX for vessel area (17.3 ± 4.0 mm2 vs. 16.6 ± 3.9 mm2, P = 0.0083). The 3D angiographic bifurcation angle was 50° ± 13° (range of 26°–84°), and did not affect the IVUS measurements. IVUS analysis showed that bifurcation lesions did obey Murray's Law, as ProxLAD lumen area measured 36.7 ± 25.1 mm3 versus DistLAD/DistDX measured 38.0 ± 29.1 mm3, P = 0.56. Conclusions: Two IVUS pullbacks should be performed for a complete assessment of the bifurcation and comparison with Murray's Law. The proposed IVUS analysis was not influenced by the bifurcation angle. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous intervention for chronic total occlusion of the internal iliac artery for unrelenting buttock claudication
Authors: Adlakha Satjit , Burket Mark , Cooper Christopher 
Published: January 2009

AbstractInternal iliac artery stenosis or occlusion has been documented to cause hip pain, erectile dysfunction, and buttock claudication. Endovascular repair for patients with significant stenosis has been well documented, but chronic total occlusion revascularizations have not been reported in the literature. The reluctance to attempt percutaneous intervention may be in part due to the extensive collateralization that forms to this vessel, or fear of complications such as wire perforation in a vessel that has a tortuous route with multiple bifurcations. This report describes two cases of patients with unrelenting buttock claudication that completely resolved after percutaneous intervention of unilateral chronic total occlusions of the internal iliac artery. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal artery stent fracture with refractory hypertension: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Chua Su‐Kiat , Hung Huei‐Fong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA 73‐year‐old man with resistant hypertension and impaired renal function underwent stenting for right renal artery (RRA) stenosis. Two years later, he presented with uncontrolled hypertension and worse renal function. Renal arteriogram revealed RRA stent fracture with in‐stent restenosis. Another stent was deployed. Four months later, however, renal arteriogram revealed in‐stent restenosis again. This time, balloon angioplasty alone was performed. He had been symptom‐free with stable condition at 2‐year follow‐up. A literature review disclosed six renal artery stent fracture cases, including the present one, who developed in‐stent stenosis resulted from stent fracture. Two major anatomy features of renal artery stenosis were suggestive for development of stent fracture: (1) renal artery entrapment by diaphragmatic crus, and (2) mobile kidney with acute angulation at proximal segment of the renal artery. It is important to detect this etiology of renal artery stenosis because stenting in these vessels may contribute to in‐stent restenosis or stent fracture. Management of renal artery stent fracture, including endovascular treatment or aortorenal bypass, should be considered on a case‐by‐case basis in relation to clinical settings. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia: Angiography, intravascular ultrasound (with virtual histology), and pressure wire measurements
Authors: Prasad Anand , Zafar Nayab , Mahmud Ehtisham 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the renal arteries is classically associated with secondary hypertension in younger individuals, which may be treatable and even curable by percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. Angiography of these renal arteries oftendisplays “beaded” luminal abnormalities. The angiographic findings, however, may not accurately reflect the severity or precise location of the intraluminal obstruction. We present a case of an older individual with longstanding hypertension and FMD, in whom the use of a coronary pressure wire and intravascular ultrasound enabled precise localization and treatment of the hemodynamically significant stenosis. Virtual histology of FMD in the renal vasculature is also reported. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and prediction of previously unrecognized peripheral arterial disease in patients with coronary artery disease: The peripheral arterial disease in Interventional Patients Study
Authors: Moussa Issam D. , Jaff Michael R. , Mehran Roxana , Gray William , Dangas George , Lazic Zoran , Moses Jeffery W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground:Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is under diagnosed in primary care practices, yet the extent of unrecognized PAD in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.Objective:To assess the prevalence of previously unrecognized PAD in patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or intervention and to determine the relationship between presence of PAD and severity of CAD.Methods:The Peripheral Arterial Disease in Interventional Patients Study (PIPS) is a prospective cohort study conducted at an inpatient service of a tertiary referral center. A total of 800 patients referred for coronary angiography without prior diagnosis of PAD aged 70 years or older or aged 50–69 years with a history of tobacco use and/or diabetes mellitus were included. Evaluation involved a medical history, a questionnaire to assess symptoms and functional status, and measurement of the ankle‐brachial index (ABI). PAD was considered present if the ABI was 0.90 or less.Results:The prevalence of previously unrecognized PAD was 15%, 95% CI (12.6–17.7) and was highest among patients over 70 years of age (25.2%) and in women (23.3%). Among patients with CAD, those with PAD had higher prevalence of left main and multivessel coronary artery disease (87.2% vs. 75.5%, P = 0.006). Alternatively, patients with multivessel CAD had a twofold higher risk of being diagnosed with previously unrecognized PAD compared with those with single vessel CAD [adjusted OR = 2.02, (95% CI 1.03–3.98)].Conclusions:PAD is often overlooked even in patients with known ischemic heart disease under specialist cardiovascular care. Overlooked PAD in this population increases in frequency with advanced age, in women, and in the presence of other traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, the presence of PAD in this population identifies a subgroup with more severe form of CAD. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel buddy balloon technique to recross a T‐stented bifurcation
Authors: Gunalingam Brendan , Chan Richard Y.J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe T technique is not uncommonly used to stent bifurcation lesions. It requires recrossing into the side branch with a guidewire and balloon to perform final Kissing Balloon dilations, but recrossing can be difficult. We describe a case of bifurcation stenting where balloon recrossing following guidewire placement into the side branch proved very challenging, and was finally achieved via a combination of forward pressure on a low‐profile balloon with its tip wedged at the stent struts along with simultaneous low‐pressure inflation of a larger parallel balloon. This altered the stent architecture and also allowed for a more favorable vector of force transmission to allow recrossing and hence successful completion of the procedure. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical follow‐up in endovascular treatment for TASC C‐D lesions in femoro‐popliteal segment
Authors: Rabellino Martin , Zander Tobias , Baldi Sebastian , Nielsen Luis Garcia , Aragon‐Sanchez F. Javier , Zerolo Ignacio , Llorens Rafael , Maynar Manuel 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective:To demonstrate the technical success and clinical follow‐up after endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal segment TASC II C and D lesions.Methods:From July 2002 to February 2007, 234 limbs in 190 patients with femoropopliteal segment TASC II C (n = 112) and D (n = 122) lesions were treated. Endovascular treatment consisted of PTA, fibrinolysis and PTA, subintimal recanalization and PTA, and finally stent graft. Patients were clinically evaluated at 30 days, 3, 6 month, and at 1 year in the outpatient setting with clinical examination and ankle‐brachial indices (ABI). In the case of stent placement, additional ultrasound evaluation was performed at 12, 24, and 48 month.Results:49.5% of procedures were performed on patients with lifestyle‐limiting claudication (IC) and 50.5% were performed for critical limb ischemia (CLI). Technical success, defined as successful recanalization and treatment of the occluded vessel, was achieved in 97% of cases. Periprocedural mortality was 3.15% and all deaths occurred in the CLI group. A follow‐up 13 ± 6 months and was achieved in 76%. During the follow‐up, clinical outcome for IC group and clinical CLI group was asymptomatic 72% vs. 29.8%, symptomatic with clinical improvement 22% vs. 33.7%, and major amputation 3% vs. 23.3%.Conclusion:The majority of claudicating patients with femoropopliteal TASC II C and D lesions will benefit from the endovascular treatment. Patient presenting CLI have a worse outcome, nevertheless the endovascular treatment can delay amputation, preserving the native vessel and does not impede surgical bypass if needed. For this reason, we consider that endovascular treatment may be the first choice treatment even in femoropopliteal TASC II C and D lesions. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.