bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of β‐tubulin mRNA and protein levels in 12 human cancer cell lines
Authors: Hiser Laree , Aggarwal Ashish , Young Rebekah , Frankfurter Anthony , Spano Anthony , Correia John J. , Lobert Sharon 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAntimitotic drugs are chemotherapeutic agents that bind tubulin and microtubules. Resistance to these drugs is a major clinical problem. One hypothesis is that the cellular composition of tubulin isotypes may predict the sensitivity of a tumor to antimitotics. Reliable and sensitive methods for measuring tubulin isotype levels in cells and tissues are needed to address this hypothesis. Quantitative measurements of tubulin isotypes have frequently relied upon inferring protein amounts from mRNA levels. To determine whether this approach is justified, protein and mRNA levels of β‐tubulin isotypes from 12 human cancer cell lines were measured. This work focused on only β‐tubulin isotypes because we had readily available monoclonal antibodies for quantitative immunoblots. The percentage of β‐tubulin isotype classes I, II, III, and IVa + IVb mRNA and protein were compared. For β‐tubulin class I that comprises >50% of the β‐tubulin protein in 10 of the 12 cell lines, there was good agreement between mRNA and protein percentages. Agreement between mRNA and protein was also found for β‐tubulin class III. For β‐tubulin classes IVa + IVb, we observed higher protein levels compared to mRNA levels. β‐Tubulin class II protein was found in only four cell lines and in very low abundance. We conclude that quantitative Western blotting is a reliable method for measuring tubulin isotype levels in human cancer cell lines. Inferring protein amounts from mRNA levels should be done with caution, since the correspondence is not one‐to‐one for all tubulin isotypes. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subsequent therapy can be administered after tositumomab and iodine I‐131 tositumomab for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Dosik Alan D. , Coleman Morton , Kostakoglu Lale , Furman Richard R. , Fiore Jennifer M. , Muss Daniel , Niesvizky Ruben , Shore Tsiporah , Schuster Michael W. , Stewart Patricia , Vallabhajosula Shankar , Goldsmith Stanley J. , Leonard John P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIodine I‐131 tositumomab is a well tolerated and effective therapy for recurrent low‐grade and transformed low‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Hematologic reserve after radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is an important consideration when subsequent therapy is required.METHODSOne hundred fifty‐five patients who received treatment with I‐131 tositumomab were assessed, and 68 patients had progressive disease after RIT. The median age (n = 68 patients) was 59 years (range,18–82 yrs), and patients received a median of 2 pre‐RIT regimens (range,1–8 regimens), including 66% who received anthracycline, 19% who received platinum, and 50% who received fludarabine.RESULTSThe median time to disease progression (among progressors) was 168 days (range, 19–771 days). At the time they developed recurrent disease, patients had median white blood cell count (WBC) of 4.9 K cells/μL (range, 1.1–21.4 K cells/μL), a median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 3.25 K cells/μL (range, 0.59–8.20 K cells/μL), a median platelet count of 130 K cells/μL (range, 9–440 K cells/μL), and there was no significant difference between pre‐RIT and recurrence values except for the platelet count (P < 0.05). No patient demonstrated a WBC < 1.0 K cells/μL or an ANC < 0.5 K cells/μL, although 1 patient had a platelet count < 10 K cells/μL. Twenty‐four patients subsequently received no further chemotherapy; and, in 21 patients (88%), hematologic parameters appeared to allow subsequent chemotherapy if necessary (blood counts: National Cancer Institute Grade 0–2). Among 44 patients (65%) who received further chemotherapy (median, 2 regimens; range, 1–4 regimens), 19 patients (43%) were treated with anthracyclines, 17 patients (39%) were treated with platinum, 10 patients (23%) were treated with fludarabine, and 13 patients (30%) underwent stem cell transplantation. Disease improvement occurred in most patients, although 18 patients died (40%) after further chemotherapy, predominantly from refractory lymphoma.CONCLUSIONSMost patients with progressive disease after treatment with iodine I‐131 tositumomab were able to receive subsequent therapy, including cytotoxic chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Cytokeratin 20 expression identifies a subtype of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with decreased overall survival
Authors: Matros Evan , Bailey Gerald , Clancy Thomas , Zinner Michael , Ashley Stanley , Whang Edward , Redston Mark 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDCytokeratins are markers of epithelial cell differentiation useful in determining histogenesis for malignancies with an unknown primary. Application of this principle to a single malignancy may identify cancer subtypes with altered developmental programs. Herein, we investigate the relevance of two widely used cytokeratins (CKs), 7 and 20, to subtype pancreas cancer and identify associations with clinical features.METHODSA tissue microarray was constructed using tumor specimens from 103 patients who underwent resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma with curative intent. A subset of resection specimens was evaluated for pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions. Tissues were immunostained by using specific anticytokeratin 7 and 20 monoclonal antibodies.RESULTSCK 7 and 20 expression was present in 96% and 63% cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, respectively. Ubiquitous CK 7 expression precluded further analysis. Tumoral CK 20 expression was not associated with any histopathologic parameter but correlated with worse prognosis when considered as either a dichotomous (P = 0.0098) or continuous (P = 0.007) variable. In a multivariate model, tumoral CK 20 expression remained a significant independent prognosticator. CK 20 expression was absent in all PanIN lesions from eight resection specimens in which the tumor component was negative for CK 20. In contrast, presence of tumoral CK 20 was highly concordant with its expression in corresponding PanINs.CONCLUSIONSCK 20 expression defines a subtype of pancreas cancer with important biologic properties. When present, CK 20 expression is an early event in pancreatic carcinogenesis identifiable in precursor lesions. Further studies to identify the underlying genetic changes associated with this altered developmental pathway are warranted. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
CpG island hypermethylation in progression of esophageal and gastric cancer
Authors: Sato Fumiaki , Meltzer Stephen J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers have various carcinogenic pathways and precursor lesions, such as dysplasia for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Barrett esophagus for esophageal adenocarcinoma, and intestinal metaplasia for the intestinal‐type of gastric cancer. Recently, many epigenetic events in carcinogenic pathways have been revealed, along with genomic and genetic alterations. This information has provided deeper insight into an understanding of the mechanisms of upper GI carcinogenesis. Moreover, detection methods of aberrant methylation have been applied to clinical fields to stratify high‐risk groups, detect early cancer, and to predict clinical outcomes. In this review, a variety of information is summarized regarding gene hypermethylation in esophageal and gastric cancer. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Hyperbolic limit of the Jin‐Xin relaxation model
Authors: Bianchini Stefano 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider the special Jin‐Xin relaxation modelWe assume that the initial data ($u_0, \epsilon u_{0,t}$) are sufficiently smooth and close to ($\bar{u},0$) inL∞and have small total variation. Then we prove that there exists a solution ($u^\epsilon (t), \epsilon u^{\epsilon}_t (t)$) with uniformly small total variation for allt≥ 0, and this solution depends Lipschitz‐continuously in theL1norm with respect to time and the initial data.Letting$\epsilon \longrightarrow 0$, the solution$u^\epsilon$converges to a unique limit, providing a relaxation limit solution to the quasi‐linear, nonconservative systemThese limit solutions generate a Lipschitz semigroup$\cal{S}$on a domain$\cal{D}$containing the functions with small total variation and close to$\bar{u}$. This is precisely the Riemann semigroup determined by the unique Riemann solver compatible with (0.1). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Information processing, memories, and synchronization in chaotic neural network with the time delay
Authors: Bondarenko Vladimir E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractInformation processing and two types of memory in an analog neural network model with time delay that produces chaos similar to the human and animal EEGs are considered. There are two levels of information processing in this neural network: the level of individual neurons and the level of the neural network. Similar to the state of brain, the state of chaotic neural network is defined. It is characterized by two types of memories (memory I and memory II) and correlation structure between the neurons. In normal (unperturbed) state, the neural network generates chaotic patterns of averaged neuronal activities (memory I) and patterns of oscillation amplitudes (memory II). In the presence of external stimulation, the activity patterns change, showing changes in both types of memory. As in experiments on stimulation of the brain, the neural network model shows synchronization of neuronal activities due to stimulus measured by Pearson's correlation coefficient. An increase in neural network asymmetry (increase of the neural network excitability) leads to the phenomenon similar to the epilepsy. Modeling of brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and dementia is performed by removing and weakening interneuron connections. In all cases, the chaotic neural network shows a decrease of the degree of chaos and changes in both types of memory similar to those observed in experiments with healthy human subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 11:39–52, 2005
A model for glioma growth
Authors: Khain Evgeniy , Sander Leonard M. , Stein Andrew M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractGlioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most invasive form of primary brain tumor. We propose a mathematical model that describes such tumor growth and allows us to describe two different mechanisms of cell invasion: diffusion (random motion) and chemotaxis (directed motion along the gradient of the chemoattractant concentration). The results are in a quantitative agreement with recent in vitro experiments. It was observed in experiments that the outer invasive zone grows faster than the inner proliferative region. We argue that this feature indicates transient behavior, and that the growth velocities tend to the same constant value for larger times. A longer‐time experiment is needed to verify this hypothesis and to choose between the two basic mechanisms for tumor growth. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 11: 53–57, 2005
Synthesis and structure of the three‐dimensional coordination polymer [Ag3hmt3(μ3 ‐btc)]·5H2O
Authors: Qin Shoubo , Lu Sheming , Ke Yanxiong , Li Jianmin , Zhou Shuxi , Wu Xintao , Du Wnxin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA new coordination polymer, [Ag3hmt3(μ3 ‐btc)]·5H2O (1) (hmt = hexamethylenetetramine, btc=1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxlic), has been successfully synthesized. Crystal data: P21/a, a = 11.9906(2) Å, b = 17.3689(2) Å, c = 16.96100(10) Å, β = 101.9820(14)°, V = 3455.40(7) Å3, Z = 4, Dc = 2.002 Mg/m3. In the hexagonal structure of Ag‐hmt unit, each Ag‐hmt unit comprises three Ag atoms and three hmt ligands. The μ3 ‐btc ligands bridge adjacent two‐dimensional honeycomb‐like Ag‐hmt layers to form three‐dimensional networks. Structure analysis show that hydrogen bonds play a key role for the stable structure in the compounds. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystal structure of N‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐3,6‐diphenyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine‐1‐carbonamide
Authors: Rao Guo‐Wu , Hu Wei‐Xiao 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe title compound, C22H19N5O2, was prepared and its structure was determined by X‐ray diffraction [CCDC 216074]. The compound crystallizes from ethanol in the orthorhombic system, space group P212121, with unit cell parameters: a =10.048(1) Å, b = 13.935 (2) Å, c =14.607(2) Å, Z =4, and V=2045.3(5) Å3. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full‐matrix least‐squares to a final R‐value of 0.0516 with 3621 unique reflections. The central six‐membered ring of the compound has a boat conformation and is not homoaromatic, in which adjacent atoms N1 and N4 deviate from the plane of the ring by 0.4546(33) Å and 0.3786(33) Å, respectively. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and structural conformation of N‐substituted 1,4‐dihyropyridine derivatives
Authors: Mahendra M. , Doreswamy B. H. , Sridhar M. A. , Shashidhara Prasad J. , Parecha A. R. , Patel J. A. , Manvar D. , Dholaria K. , Shah A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractN‐(Phenyl)‐3,5‐dicarbethoxy‐2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐(phenyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyridine (A) and N‐(4‐methoxy phenyl)‐‐3,5 dicarbethoxy‐2,6 dimethyl‐4‐(3‐nitro phenyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyridine (B) has been synthesized as per scheme and characterized by the X‐ray diffraction method. The compound A crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/c with cell parameters a = 9.2770(11)Å, b = 8.6410(5)Å, c = 27.601(3)Å, β = 97.724(3)°, Z = 4. The compound B crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/c with cell parameters a = 11.229(6), b = 12.746(7)Å, c =17.606(6)Å, β = 104.531(3)°, Z = 4. The structures exhibit both intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Dihydropyridine ring of both the compounds adopt a flat boat conformation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and characterization of compounds LixMn1+xFe2–2xO4 with spinel structure in the quasiternary system “LiO0,5 – MnOx – FeOx“
Authors: Wende C. , Langbein H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of freeze‐dried Li‐Mn(II)‐Fe(III)‐formate precursors was investigated by means of DTA, TG and mass spectroscopy. By the thermal treatment of the prefired precursors between 400 and 1000°C, single phase solid solutions LixMn1+xFe2–2xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) with cubic spinel structure were obtained. To get single phase spinels, special conditions concerning the temperature T and the oxygen partial pressure p(O2) during the synthesis are required. Because of the high reactivity of the freeze‐dried precursors, in comparison with the conventional solid state reaction, the reaction temperature can be lowered by 200°C. The cation distribution and the properties of the Li‐Mn‐ferrites were studied by chemical analysis, X‐ray powder diffraction and magnetization measurements. It was found that for high substitution rates, almost all lithium occupies the tetrahedral coordinated A‐sites of the spinel lattice AB2O4, while at small x‐values, lithium ions are distributed over the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and X‐ray powder diffraction studies of semiconducting alloys in the system AgCd2‐xZnxGaS4
Authors: Parasyuk O. V. , Olekseyuk I. D. , Dzham O. A. , Pekhnyo V. I. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractX‐ray powder technique was used in the investigation of AgCd2GaS4–'AgZn2GaS4' section to determine the region of AgCd2GaS4‐based solubility. It was established that the solid solution forms up to 75 mol.% 'AgZn2GaS4'. The refinement of AgCd0.5Zn1.5GaS4 structure was performed. This alloy crystallizes in orthorhombic structure (space group Pmn21 ) with unit cell parameters a =0.78772(2), b =0.67221(2), c =0.64019(2) nm, V =0.33899(3) nm3. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recharging processes of Cr ions in Mg2SiO4 and Y3Al5O12 crystals under influence of annealing and γ ‐ irradiation
Authors: Kaczmarek S. M. , Chen W. , Boulon G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRecharging processes of chromium ions were investigated for Mg2SiO4:Mg, Cr single crystals using annealing in O2 and in air and γ‐irradiation, as compare to YAG :Ca, Cr single crystals. The formation of tetravalent Cr ions in the Mg2SiO4 :Mg, Cr is related not only to the initial Cr content in the melt, oxygen partial pressure and O2‐ vacancy existing in the crystal, but also to the external field such as γ‐irradiation. The additional absorption after γ‐irradiation shows the decrease in intensity of the absorption of Cr3+ and Cr4+ ions in some part of the spectrum and increase in the other giving evidence on recharging effects between Cr3+ and Cr4+. There arises also color centers observed between 380 nm and 570 nm that may participate in energy transfer of any excitation to Cr4+ giving rise to Cr4+ emission. Opposite to forsterite crystal, absorption spectrum of YAG:Ca, Cr crystal after γ‐irradiation reveals only increase in the absorption of the Cr bands. The observed behavior of the absorption spectrum of YAG:Ca, Cr crystal under influence of γ‐irradiation suggests that γ‐irradiation ionizes only Cr ions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal decomposition study of ZnHg(SCN)4 in air
Authors: Wang X. Q. , Xu D. , Li S. G. , Huang J. , Du W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThermal decomposition of ZnHg(SCN)4 (ZMTC) in air was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The intermediates and final products of the thermal decomposition were identified by X‐ray powder diffraction at room temperature. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry studies of Ag2Te films formed from Ag‐Te thin film couples
Authors: Mohanty B. C. , Kasiviswanathan S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFormation of Ag2Te thin films from room temperature (300 K) solid state reaction of Ag and Te thin film couples is investigated. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) studies confirmed the complete miscibility of the couples and the stoichiometry of the resulting Ag2Te. Structural analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed a fine‐grained structure with monoclinic and orthorhombic phases. Annealing at high temperatures resulted in the growth of giant crystallites with monoclinic phase at random sites. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoacoustic study of the thermal properties of calcium carbonate – the major constituent of pancreatic calculi
Authors: Ramachandran E. , Raji P. , Ramachandran K. , Natarajan S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe study of the thermal properties of condensed matter is very essential both for crystallizing and thermal energy induced fracturing of solid materials. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a recently developed, nondestructive testing (NDT) tool, used for analyzing the surface properties of materials. This method is used here to determine the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the gel grown single crystals of calcium carbonate (CC), which is the major constituent of pancreatic calculi. Characterization of CC was made using single crystal X‐ray diffraction and density determination. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DC conduction processes in nickel‐dimethylglyoxime films
Authors: Dakhel A. A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThin nickel‐dimethylglyoxime Ni(DMG)2 films of amorphous and crystalline structures were prepared by vacuum sublimation on glass and p‐type Si substrates. The films were characterised by X‐ray diffraction. The constructed Al/Ni(DMG)2/Si(p) MIS devices were characterised by the measurement of their capacitance as a function of gate voltage. The dc‐electrical conduction of the Ni(DMG)2 films grown on silicon substrate were studied at room temperature and in a temperature range of 293 ‐ 323 K. The dc current‐voltage data of both amorphous and crystalline insulator follow the trap‐charge‐limited space‐charge‐limited conductivity mechanism with the characteristic trap energy Et of about 0.05 eV. The total concentration and the energy distribution of the traps were determined. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adiabatic bond charge model for lattice dynamics of ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors
Authors: Gürel T. , Eryiğit R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe adiabatic bond charge model of Rustagi and Weber is extended to study lattice dynamical properties of ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors AgGaS2, AgGaSe2, CuInS2, CuInSe2, CuGaS2, CuGaSe2, CuAlS2 and CuAlSe2. The new model calculations agree well with the results of Raman/IR and neutron measurements of Brillouin zone center phonon frequencies for both low and high frequency modes which was difficult for other phenomenological lattice dynamical models. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rapid crystal growth without inherent supersaturation induced by nanoscale fluid flows?
Authors: Jones M. J. , Dette S. S. , Ulrich J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCrystal growth is a process that only takes place under non‐equilibrium conditions and a necessary prerequisite is that the crystal is exposed to a phase that is supersaturated in the material the crystal is composed of, be it a solution, a vapour or a supercooled melt. In industrial mass crystallization the growth rate for a population of crystals (in suspension growth processes [1]) rarely exceeds mean linear velocities of 10‐7 ms‐1. Here we present a mass crystallization process which is accompanied by rapid crystal growth several orders of magnitude faster and into a region of solution that is without inherent supersaturation. The material investigated is a solid hydrate that exhibits a solution mediated phase transition to its anhydrous form in the presence of methanol [2]. The phase transition is initiated simply by placing an amount of hydrate crystals into the solvent and is characterized by the rapid emergence of needle‐shaped crystals. The needles emanate from the crystal faces of the hydrate crystals and grow into the solution, which is nominally free of the substance to be crystallized. The high growth rate of the crystals, which of the order of up to 10‐4 ms‐1 is surprising. Although rapid needle growth has been observed before [3‐9], to date a satisfactory explanation for needles growing under the abovementioned conditions is still outstanding. Based upon the topology of the crystals we propose a tentative mechanism for this phenomenon capable of explaining the unusually rapid growth and highlight those questions that need addressing in order to verify this mechanism. X‐ray powder diffraction is used to characterize the crystal phase of the needles; confocal fluorescence microscopy reveals that the needles are hollow. The width of these needles is between 0.5 and 5 μm, their length appears to be limited only by the amount of hydrate available for their formation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)