bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of auto-antibodies to bovine TSH in the serum of two patients with Graves' disease
Authors: Kajita Yoshihiro , Nakajima Yoshiyuki , Ishida Masao , Ochi Yukio , Miyazaki Tadayoshi , Hachiya Takashi , Ijichi Hamao 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. In this report we describe the characteristics of auto-antibodies to bovine TSH (bTSH) detected in the serum of 2 females among 102 patients with Graves' disease. These patients had never been injected with bTSH. One patient had high LATS activity and high bTSH binding activity after isotope therapy. The other patient showed no detectable LATS activity. Interestingly, the antibody showed a specifically high binding activity for the labelled TSH preparation purified by receptor. The auto-antibody could be demonstrated by the double antibody method, polyethylene glycol method, and by gel-filtration. The antibody was polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG). Because the binding of [125I]bTSH with the patient's antibody was inhibited by pituitary extracts from mammalian species other than human, this antibody may cross-react with bovine, rat, dog, rabbit and whale TSH.
Although the incidence of the antibody in Graves' disease is low and the pathological significance remains obscure, the existence of this antibody in the serum of patients may suggest that autoimmune mechanisms may involve not only the thyroid but also the pituitary in Graves' disease.
An investigation of the optimum culture conditions for a differentiated culture of sheep thyroid cells
Authors: Murphy Ann , Mothersill Carmel , O'Connor M. K. , Malone J. F. , Cullen M. J. , Taaffe J. K. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Primary cultures of differentiated sheep thyroid were investigated to assess the effect of varying the media, sera, hormones and the initial cell number plated on the culture life span. Iodide uptake and follicular morphology were used as indices of differentiation.
It was found that the effect of variations in the type of medium and the concentration and type of serum used was very small. The addition of all the hormones used – insulin, hydrocortisone and thyrotrophic hormone – had a synergistic effect on the iodide trapping ability of the culture system. A cell number of approximately 1 × 106 cells per 25 cm2 flask was found to be optimum for the development of differentiation in the cultures.
Selective alterations in hepatic nuclear T3-receptors and enzyme responses by glucocorticoid deficit or excess
Authors: Recúpero Alfredo R. , Coleoni Aldo H. , Cherubini Olga , Oviedo Adriana 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Glucocorticoid deficit in rats induced by adrenalectomy for a 10-day period resulted in an increase in the apparent association constant (Ka) of the liver nuclear T3-receptor while maximal binding capacity (MBC) remained unaltered compared to the intact (sham-operated) animals and to adrenalectomy plus dexamethasone (Sx + D) animals. In addition, a significant increase in the basal activity of liver mitochondrial α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPD) was observed, while cytosolic malic enzyme (ME) activity was not modified in this situation. Dexamethasone injection (5 mg/kg/day for 4–5 days) to previously adrenalectomized animals (Sx + D) induced a significant increase in MBC of nuclear T3-receptors. On the other hand, Ka value and α-GPD activity were restored to the values found in the control group. However, basal activity of ME as well as the response of this enzyme to a saturating dose of T3 was substantially increased by dexamethasone treatment.
A non-specific in vitro effect of dexamethasone on MBC and ME was excluded as these parameters were not modified when dexamethasone was added immediately before the in vitro assays. The present study indicates that glucocorticoid deficit or excess is able to induce changes at the level of the nuclear T3-receptor site. The increase in the activity of cytolic ME induced by dexamethasone injection was associated with a simultaneous
Appraisal of endocrine function of segmental autotransplanted pancreas in dogs
Authors: Jonung M. , Berlatzky Y. , Chen M.-H. , Munda R. , Banks I. G. , Brackett K. , Murphy R. F. , Joffe S. N. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. There is increasing interest in pancreatic transplantation for patients with diabetes. In experimental models, endocrine function is usually monitored by determination of insulin and glucose levels in plasma. In this study following a segmental pancreatic autotransplant to the iliac fossa in dogs, a combined analysis of three pancreatic islet hormones, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and glucagon was undertaken by radioimmunoassay of plasma. These were measured under basal conditions and following provocation with a standard meal, arginine, secretin and bombesin infusions. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic examination of transplanted tissue was also performed.
Circulating insulin and glucose levels in the surviving dogs with transplants reflected normoglycaemia with a normal tolerance to iv glucose and immunohistochemical detection of endocrine cells producing insulin, PP and glucagon. Secretory granules were found in A and B cells by electron microscopy. The normal circulating glucagon immunoreactivity could have originated in gastric antral A cells as well as in pancreatic tissue. It was not possible, however, to stimulate the autotransplanted pancreas to release detectable PP into the circulation.
The effect of D-Trp6-LRH upon secretion of gonadotrophin – a possible therapeutic application in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Zgliczyński S. , Baranowska B. , Jeske W. , Niewiadomska A. , Rozbicka G. , Schally A. V. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the agonistic LRH analogue (D-Trp6-LRH) on LH, FSH and prolactin secretion, and its possible efficacy in female patients with anorexia nervosa. The study included 18 female patients with anorexia nervosa and 7 healthy women in the same age group. The patients with anorexia nervosa were divided into two groups of 9 women each. The first group consisted of patients in the weight loss phase of the disorder and the second of 9 women who had achieved normal body weight. Additionally, in 6 women with anorexia nervosa serum LH concentration was determined in response to native LRH before and 14 days after the treatment with D-Trp6-LRH.
Serum LH, FSH, prolactin concentrations were determined before and 5, 10, 24 and 48 h after administration of D-Trp6-LRH in a dose of 5 μg. The serum LH response to D-Trp6-LRH in the second group did not differ from that of the control group. However, in women with anorexia nervosa in the weight loss phase, LH release in response to administration of the analogue was significantly lower. FSH release after LRH analogue administration in both groups of patients with anorexia nervosa did not differ from that in the control group. The increased LH secretion in response to native LRH after treatment indicates that D-Trp6-LRH in low doses did not inhibit pituitary responsiveness. A dose of 5 μg of D-Trp6-LRH was administered in a therapeutic regimen every 48 h from 1 to 3 months to 7 of 9 patients with anorexia nervosa who exhibited amenorrhoea in spite of normalization of body weight.
All the patients treated with the analogue resumed menstruation. The results of this study suggest that D-Trp6-LRH may be of value in the treatment of amenorrhoea in women with anorexia nervosa.
Testosterone-induced hyperprolactinaemia in a patient with a disturbance of hypothalamo-pituitary regulation
Authors: Nicoletti I. , Filipponi P. , Fedeli L. , Ambrosi F. , Gregorini G. , Santeusanio F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. A case of a patient with hypopituitarism due to a disturbance of hypothalamo-pituitary regulation is presented, who developed high-grade hyperprolactinaemia after the initiation of substitutive therapy with testosterone esthers.
The increase in serum Prl was strictly related to testosterone aromatization to oestradiol, since anti-oestrogen compounds were effective in reducing (clomiphene) or abolishing (tamoxifen) the enhanced Prl secretion. The oestrogen effect in raising Prl release was not attributable to a reduction in the dopamine inhibition of Prl-secreting cells, as the dopamine-antagonist domperidone failed to increase Prl serum levels in the same patient.
This suggests that, in man, the oestrogen effect in enhancing Prl release is mainly enacted directly on the pituitary lactotrophs rather than exerted through a reduction in the hypothalamic dopamine activity.
Rapid adaptations of serum thyrotrophin, triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine levels to short-term starvation and refeeding
Authors: Hugues Jean-Noel , Burger Albert G. , Pekary A. Eugene , Hershman Jerome M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Nutrition influences thyroid function at the level of TSH secretion, at the level of monodeiodination, and possibly elsewhere. In order to study the effect of starvation on TSH secretion, 8 healthy male volunteers fasted for 30 h and were then refed with 800 kcal. Refeeding was performed at 19.00 h and blood was sampled at 20 min intervals until midnight. Control experiments were performed in the same subjects both when they were normally fed and when the starvation period was prolonged a further 5 h until midnight. Starvation decreased serum TSH levels to below 1 mU/l, and without refeeding the nocturnal peak of the TSH nycthemeral rhythm was abolished. With refeeding serum TSH tended to increase towards midnight and was significantly higher than during starvation. However, the serum TSH levels remained significantly below those at the same time of the day in the absence of a preceding starvation period.
Serum T3 levels were significantly lower than in the fed state. The mean values were 1.84 ± 0.03 vs 2.30 ± 0.06 nmol/l (120 ±2 vs 150 ± 4 ng/100 ml, mean ± sem P < 0.01). Refeeding did not result in a measurable change in serum T3 concentration (1.80 ± 0.05 nmol/l; 120 ± 3 ng/100 ml, mean ± sem, n.s.). The contrary was true for rT3 levels which increased in starvation and tended to fall with refeeding, but this decrease was not significant.
As glucocorticoids have been implicated in the control of monodeiodination and TSH secretion, serum cortisol levels were also measured. They did not differ during the 3 experimental periods. The results show that short-term starvation and refeeding may be a valuable tool for studying in vivo control of TSH secretion.
The results show that short-term starvation and refeeding may be a valuable tool for studying in vivo control of TSH secretion.
The response of plasma arginine vasopressin to 14 h water deprivation in the elderly
Authors: Li Ching Huai , Hsieh Shao Ming , Nagai Isamu 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The response of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) to 14 h water deprivation was investigated in 30 healthy elderly individuals ranging in age from 63 to 87 years, with a mean age of 76.5 years.
The mean AVP concentrations, both at normal hydration and after the water deprivation test, were significantly lower than those in the young. Moreover, the post-test mean value of Uosm/Posm in the elderly increased up to 1.55 ± 0.52, which is lower than that in the young in whom the value was greater than 2.
These results suggest that the aged are prone to incomplete diabetes insipidus. This pathological state might predispose to electrolyte imbalance in the elderly.
Effects of some hydroxylated sterols on the steroid production in isolated rat adrenal glomerulosa and fasciculata/reticularis cells in the presence of potassium, angiotensin II or ACTH
Authors: Huijmans J. G. M. , Falke H. E. , Degenhart H.J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. 22S-OH-cholesterol and 25-OH-cholesterol are good aldosterone precursors in isolated rat adrenal glomerulosa cells. In the two concentrations tested (25 and 50 μm) 25-OH-cholesterol stimulated the aldosterone production in a (not-linear) dose-dependent way. An increase in the 22S-OH-cholesterol concentration from 25 μm to 50 μm led to a decrease in the aldosterone production.
The exogenous substrate deoxycorticosterone, entering the steroidogenic pathway after the cholesterol side-chain cleavage, is a much better substrate than the sterols mentioned. These results suggest that the cholesterol side-chain cleavage is the rate-limiting step in the aldosterone production from both sterols.
We found no effect of the sterols on the potassiuminduced aldosterone synthesis. This might be explained by the existence of separate pools of steroid intermediates within the adrenal cell.
In vitro a difference in steroid production rates exists between glomerulosa and fasciculata/reticularis cells. This may arise from differences in availability of endogenous steroid precursors like cholesterol. However similar differences can be observed if exogenous substrates like 25-OH-cholesterol or 22S-OH-cholesterol are used. These results therefore suggest that enzymatic activities in the steroidogenic pathway are more important than the cholesterol concentration in regulating steroid production in isolated rat adrenal glomerulosa and fasciculata/reticularis cells.
Metabolic effects of physical exercise in insulin-dependent diabetics controlled by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or conventional injection therapy
Authors: Viberti G. C. , Home P. D. , Bilous R. W. , Alberti K. G. M. M. , Dalton N. , Keen H. , Pickup J. C. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The metabolic and hormonal response to moderately severe exercise 2 h after breakfast was assessed in 8 insulin-dependent diabetics during conventional insulin injection therapy and after 3 weeks of continuous sc insulin infusion.
Blood glucose fell from 12.1 to 4.4 mmol/l on injection therapy; this was accompanied by a significant rise (P < 0.05) in free insulin to 57 mU/l. On infusion therapy plasma glucose fell and stabilised at 3.6 mmol/l from pre-exercise levels of 7.1 mmol/l, while free insulin level was unchanged at the end of the exercise period (31 mU/l). The fall in blood glucose on injection therapy was accompanied by an exaggerated growth hormone response to exercise that was normalised by 3 weeks of infusion therapy. Basal and post-prandial levels of intermediary metabolites, catecholamines and glucagon were comparable on the two insulin regimens. Responses during exercise were generally similar and no different from those of normal subjects, with the exception of plasma NEFA levels which became abnormally suppressed. Good metabolic control of diabetes is thus accompanied by nearly normal hormonal and metabolic response to moderately severe exercise.
Influence of progesterone, androstenedione and oestradiol-17β on the incorporation of [3H]proline in the human follicular wall
Authors: Tjugum Jostein , Dennefors Bo , Norström Anders 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The incorporation of proline, a precursor for collagen specific hydroxyproline, is regarded to reflect the metabolism of collagen. In vitro experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of sex steroids on the incorporation of [3H]proline into the human follicular wall. Tissue pieces from the apical wall of follicles at different stages of development were incubated in the presence of the steroids and [3H]proline, and the tissue bound radioactivity was determined.
Progesterone induced a decrease of radiolabelling in both unripe and pre-ovulatory follicles. Androstenedione caused a similar effect but only in pre-ovulatory follicles. The influence of oestradiol-17β on the incorporation of [3H]proline was less pronounced with a tendency towards a decrease of radiolabelling in both types of follicles.
It is suggested that the observed biochemical changes induced by sex steroids are of importance for connective tissue remodelling preceding human follicular rupture.
Isolation of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins by affinity chromatography using protein A sepharose
Authors: Kjærulff Henrik , Bech Karine , Bliddal Henning 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Sera from a reference pool, 29 controls and 18 patients with Graves' disease were fractionated on sepharose CL-4B protein A. After a primary elution of the unbound fraction at normal pH, IgG subclasses 1, 2 and 4 were eluted using a discontinuous pH gradient. The eluate was monitored by UV-absorption at 280 nm and three peaks were observed within narrow pH ranges in all sera tested. From the reference pool (n = 10) peak A was eluted at pH 6.6 ±0.1. peak B at 4.2 ± 0.03 and peak C at 3.8 ± 0.01. This distribution was partially related to the IgG subclasses with IgG1 recovered in peak C, while IgG2 and IgG4 were distributed in both peak B and C.
Thyroid adenylate cyclase stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and thyrotrophin binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII) were measured in the pooled fractions under these peaks. In the reference pool total assay variations (sd) were 10–22 per cent. The 95 percentiles of the 29 control values were used as reference range. In the 18 patients TSAb were positive in 4 in fraction A, 9 in B and 12 in C. TBII were found in one in fraction A, none in B and 13 in C. No correlation between TSAb and TBII values were found before or after fractionation. In most cases TSAb activity was highest in fraction C, however, in 3 patients fraction A was the more active and in these patients TBII were only found in fraction C.
It is concluded, that the present results indicate a heterogeneity of the thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins with separation of the TSAb and TBII activities in some patients.
Calcitonin in hepatoma and cirrhosis
Authors: Conte Nicola , Cecchettin Maurizio , Manente Paolo , Valmachino Guido , Roiter Ignazio , Pavan Pierantonio 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Plasma immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) is elevated in primary liver cancer and its measurement has been proposed as a tumour marker. Since iCT is also frequently raised in alcoholic liver cirrhosis, it would be of practical relevance to distinguish this condition from primary hepatoma by measuring the plasma level of iCT. We measured plasma iCT levels in 23 subjects with primary liver cancer, in 27 with hepatic cirrhosis and in 42 healthy subjects who served as normal controls. A gel-chromatograpy analysis was carried out on the plasma of two cases of hepatoma, two of cancer and cirrhosis, and two of alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
The subjects with primary liver cancer had values of plasma iCT (pg/ml; mean ± se) of 342 ± 41; those with liver cirrhosis 159 ± 22, and normal controls 73 ± 3. The increase in primary liver cancer was significant in comparison both healthy subjects (P < 0.001) and with cirrhotic patients (P < 0.001). Twenty-two out of 23 patients with primary liver cancer and 13 out of 27 with liver cirrhosis had elevated iCT values (upper normal limit 113 pg/ml). There was no significant difference between plasma iCT values of patients with cancer and those with cirrhosis. However, we measured iCT values higher than 400 pg/ml only in patients with primary liver cancer. The gel-filtration analysis showed 3 or 4 peaks of iCT with a molecular weight higher than synthetic human calcitonin.
The results suggest that plasma iCT levels can be considered a reliable marker of liver cancer, whereas its discriminating power between liver cancer and cirrhosis was not entirely satisfactory.
The increase of plasma iCT in hepatoma and in alcoholic cirrhosis is related to the presence of macromolecular forms of calcitonin. The pathogenesis and meaning of large forms of iCT are unexplained.
Changes in plasma GH levels and clinical activity during bromocriptine therapy in acromegaly. The value of predictive tests
Authors: Nortier J. W. R. , Croughs R. J. M. , Donker G. H. , Thijssen J. H. H. , Schwarz F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Twenty-seven patients with active acromegaly despite previous treatment by surgery and/or radiotherapy received bromocriptine in a dose of 10–20 mg daily for a period of 6–9 months. The results of chronic bromocriptine treatment were evaluated by measurement of plasma growth hormone (GH) levels during the day and by subjective and objective criteria of clinical activity. The results of chronic bromocriptine treatment were also compared with four biochemical criteria obtained before treatment e.g. basal plasma prolactin (Prl) levels and the plasma GH response to oral administration of 2.5 mg bromocriptine respectively iv administration of 200 μg TRH and 500 μg somatostatin. The main observations may be summarized as follows: 1) The mean pre-treatment GH levels during the day ranged from 6–207 mU/l. Hyperprolactinaemia was present in 6 patients. 2) During bromocriptine treatment mean plasma GH levels decreased to less than 50% in 11 patients (GH responders) whereas in 19 patients changes of mean plasma GH and of subjective criteria of clinical activity were concordant. 3) Glucose tolerance improved significantly (P < 0.01) in 10 GH-responders and the urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in 8 GH-responders. 4) Five out of 6 patients with hyperprolactinaemia belonged to the group of GHresponders. 5) A single dose of 2.5 mg bromocriptine induced a more than 50% decrease of plasma GH in 8 of 11 GH-responders and in 5 of 16 GH non-responders. 6) The iv injection of 200 μg TRH was followed by a rise of plasma GH of more than 100% in 9 of 11 GHresponders and in 6 of 16 non-responders. 7) Responsiveness to both a single dose of bromocriptine and TRH was found in 8 of 11 GH-responders and in 3 of 16 GH non-responders.

Conclusions
Bromocriptine is effective as adjunctive therapy when active acromegaly persists after treatment with surgery and/or radiotherapy. In general, a good correlation is found between GH responsiveness and subjective and objective criteria of clinical activity during bromocriptine treatment. Hyperprolactinaemia predicts GH responsiveness to chronic bromocriptine treatment with high specificity. The combination of a bromocriptine test and a TRH test are of best predictive value with respect to the results of chronic bromocriptine therapy in normoprolactinaemic acromegalics.
Release of cyclic AMP and progesterone from the isolated perfused luteal ovary of the PMSG treated rat
Authors: Sogn Jan , Abrahamsson Gun , Janson Per O. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. A model for in vitro perfusion of the isolated rat ovary was developed. In the luteinized ovaries of PMSG treated rats the relationship between perfusion flow and progesterone production was evaluated. A positive correlation was found indicating that a high blood flow rate may be necessary for an optimal secretion of progesterone from the fully developed corpus luteum in the rat.
Also the effects of a continuous exposure of LH on ovarian cyclic AMP and progesterone release was studied. A rapid and sustained increase in both cyclic AMP and progesterone release was seen and this release tended to have episodic pattern with elevations occurring at intervals between 30 and 90 min following LH.