bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Type of Frying Oil on the Consumer Preference for Doughnuts
Authors: Hatae K. , Miyamoto T. , Shimada Y. , Munekata Y. , Sawa K. , Hasegawa K. , Kasai M. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT:Three kinds of dough and 4 kinds of frying oil were used to study the doughnut preferences of a consumer panel composed of 100 female university students. A trained panel first performed a difference test, and those doughnut samples the trained panel could discriminate were submitted to the consumer test. The texture of the surface region affected the discrimination. The consumer panel preferred the hardened soybean oil to the liquid soybean oil for the hard cake doughnut because the solid fat content of the hardened soybean oil was high and the surface region was short in texture. There was no significant difference between the soft cake doughnut and the yeast doughnut.
Development of a Quality Index Method for Frozen Hake (M. capensis and M. paradoxus)
Authors: Herrero A.M. , Huidobro A. , Careche M. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT:A quality index method (QIM) consisting of 9 parameters with a total of 17 sensory points was developed for frozen hake (M. capensis and M. paradoxus). The score sheet was divided into 2 parts. The 1st, including 7 parameters with up to 13 sensory points, was directly related to loss of quality during storage at −20 °C. Multivariate analysis confirmed the relevance of these parameters for prediction of storage time. The 2nd part contained 2 additional parameters scoring up to 4 sensory points. These parameters are commercially important but not directly linked to storage time.
Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans Growth by Hen Egg‐derived Fatty Acids
Authors: Brady D. , Lowe N. , Gaines S. , Fenelon L. , Mc Partlin J. , O'Farrelly C. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTHen egg yolk contains significant antibacterial activity. We show that this activity is associated with the release of free fatty acids. Chloroform‐methanol extraction on egg yolk demonstrated the activity to be lipoprotein‐bound before enzymatic digestion and associated with the lipid‐soluble chloroform phase afterward. Acetone extraction yielded a fraction of egg yolk, which was 97% triglyceride and highly antibacterial to Streptococcus mutans when treated with pancreatin. The fatty acid profile of the extract reflected the proportions known to exist in egg yolk. Both oleic and linoleic acid were found to inhibit growth of S. mutans. These findings highlight a previously unreported potential of hen egg yolk in future healthcare applications.
Use of Ionizing Radiation to Improve Sensory and Microbial Quality of Fresh‐cut Green Onion Leaves
Authors: Fan X. , Niemira B.A. , Sokorai K.J.B. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT: Fresh‐cut green onion leaves that received γ radiation doses of 0,1,2, and 3 kGy were stored at 3 °C for up to 14 d. Although 2 and 3 kGy of radiation completely eliminated microflora, the treatments frequently resulted in increased loss of aroma and deterioration of visual quality. In addition, radiation caused cellular membrane damage. Samples treated with 1 kGy of radiation had similar or better sensorial quality and a reduced microbial population than the controls throughout the 14 d of storage. Our results suggest that irradiation at a dose of 1 kGy can be used to enhance microbial safety of fresh‐cut green onions without loss in quality attributes.
Rapid Colorimetric Method to Detect Indole in Shrimp with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Confirmation
Authors: Snellings S.L. , Takenaka N.E. , Kim‐Hayes Y. , Miller D.W. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT: With increased public concern over the freshness and quality of seafood, more pressure is being applied to the industry to provide better products in the market place. Simple, fast, and inexpensive tests are needed to assess seafood quality. Seafood decomposition can be characterized by biogenic amine formation, such as the formation of indole in shrimp. We have developed a rapid colorimetric method using 4‐(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde method that detects indole in decomposing shrimp. This method, as well as the confirmatory gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method, is centered on a simple toluene extraction technique that recovers indole with high efficiency. Excellent agreement was obtained between the colorimetric and GC/MS quantitative results for shrimp decomposition.
Simultaneous Determination of Chlorophylls, Pheophytins, β‐Carotene, Tocopherols, and Tocotrienols in Olive and Soybean Oils by High‐performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Seppanen C.M. , Rahmani M. , Csallany A. Saari 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTA high‐performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous measurement of chlorophylls, pheophytins, β‐carotene, tocopherols, and tocotrienols in vegetable oils using 2 spectrophotometers in series and 1 normal‐phase silica column. Oil samples were diluted in the mobile phase, isopropanol‐hexane (1.5:98.5 vol/vol), and injected directly onto the column. A programmable UV/Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure chlorophylls a and b, pheophytins a and b, and β‐carotene at their appropriate absorption maxima (430, 452, 409, 433, and 452 nm, respectively). α‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherols and α‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocotrienols were measured by fluorescence at 295‐nm excitation and 330‐nm emission. Samples of virgin olive oil, soybean oil, and palm oil were analyzed.
Influence of Antioxidant Addition and Processing Treatment on the Formation of Lipid Oxidation Compounds in Spray‐dried Bovine Plasma Protein
Authors: Boylston T. D. , Moss K.M. , Nnanna I.A. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe effects of antioxidant (tert‐butylhydroquinone, propyl gallate, butylated hydroxytoluene, and rosemary) addition, processing treatments, and storage time on the formation of lipid oxidation compounds in spray‐dried bovine plasma protein (BPP) were determined. Lipid oxidation is initiated by spray‐drying; formation of lipid oxidation compounds was highest in BPP processed using a gas‐fired spray‐drier. The most effective antioxidant in inhibiting the formation of hexanal and other lipid oxidation compounds was tert‐butylhydroquinone. Increased spray‐drier residence time and extended storage contributed to increases in lipid oxidation products. Use of effective antioxidants and selection of processing parameters to minimize lipid oxidation reactions can improve the flavor quality of spray‐dried BPP.
Utilization of Lemon Albedo in Dry‐cured Sausages
Authors: Aleson‐Carbonell L. , Fernández‐López J. , Sayas‐Barberá E. , Sendra E. , Pérez‐Alvarez J.A. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTTwo types of lemon albedo (raw and cooked) at 5 concentrations (0% to 10% in 2.5% increments) were added to dry‐cured sausages, and compositional, textural, and sensory analyses were conducted on finished products. The addition of albedo provided an improvement in nutritional properties from fiber addition and may have beneficial effects due to the presence of active biocompounds as evidenced by a decrease in residual nitrite levels and delayed oxidation (based on CIE redness values). Products with sensory properties similar to control sausages were those that contained 2.5% raw albedo and 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% cooked albedo.
Consumer Acceptability of Low Fat Foods Containing Inulin and Oligofructose
Authors: Devereux H.M. , Jones G.P. , Mccormack L. , Hunter W.C. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTInulin and oligofructose were used as fat replacers in Anzac cookies, blueberry muffins, carrot cake, chocolate cake, lemon cheesecake, ice cream, and beef sausages at levels ranging from 4 to 13g/100g, achieving a significant reduction in fat content (20% to 80% relative). These foods were rated as acceptable by an untrained taste panel, but scored consistently lower than their full‐fat counterparts (controls). Regression analysis showed that, unlike the controls, texture was more important than flavor in determining overall acceptability of the low‐fat foods. Inulin and oligofructose are readily incorporated into bakery and meat formulations, but their use might be limited by adverse physiological effects when consumed at high levels.
Mushroom Texture, Cell Wall Composition, Color, and Ultrastructure as Affected by pH and Temperature
Authors: Zivanovic S. , Buescher R. , Kim S.K. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTPasteurized mushrooms had firmer texture and lighter color compared with those that were retorted. Addition of acid and retorting temperature resulted in extensive softening of mushrooms and solubilization of proteins and polysaccharides that diffused into brine. Total chitin was not affected by applied treatments and did not appear to be related to texture alteration of processed mushrooms. Extensive solubilization caused by acidification and retortion resulted in reduction of cell diameter and enlarged intercellular space within the cap tissue. Mild acidification of sterilized samples reduced discoloration compared with the control, but further acidification resulted in considerable darkening. In contrast, tissue and color of pasteurized mushrooms seemed to be unaffected.
Iron Bioavailability from Common Raisin‐containing Foods Assessed with an In Vitro Digestion/Caco‐2 Cell Culture Model: Effects of Raisins
Authors: Yeung C.K. , Glahn R.P. , Miller D.D. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe effects of raisins on iron bioavailability from wheat bran cereal, bread, rice pudding, and granola bars were studied. Iron bioavailability was assessed with an in vitro digestion/Caco‐2 cell culture model. Raisins reduced iron bioavailability from all foods except granola bars. Raisins also reduced iron bioavailability from samples of wheat bran cereal and bread fortified with elemental iron or ferrous sulfate, but this inhibitory effect was less pronounced in samples fortified with sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA). Iron bioavailability was markedly higher for samples fortified with NaFeEDTA, suggesting that iron in the form of NaFeEDTA is more bioavailable than elemental iron or ferrous sulfate in raisin‐containing foods.
The Effect of Zinc on Human Taste Perception
Authors: Keast R.S.J. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTZinc salts are added as a nutritional or functional ingredient in food and oral care products. The 1st experiment in this study investigated the taste and somatosensory effect of zinc salts (chloride, iodide, sulfate, bromide, acetate). The zinc salts had very little taste (bitter, salty, savory, sour, sweet), and the taste that was present was easily washed away with water rinses. The major oral quality of zinc was astringency, and the astringency lingered beyond expectoration. The 2nd experiment combined zinc salts with prototypical stimuli eliciting basic tastes. Zinc was a potent inhibitor of sweetness and bitterness (>70% reduction in taste) but did not affect salt, savory, or sour taste.
Chlorpyrifos Residues Before and After Cooking of Catfish Fillets
Authors: Wan P. , Santerre C.R. , Brown P.B. , Deardorff D.C. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT:In this paper, chlorpyrifos residues were compared before and after frying, smoking or baking and quantified using GC/ECD (gas chromatography/electron capture detector) and ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) methods. All cooking methods reduced chlorpyrifos by 8 to 52% on a dry basis or 12 to 56% on a fat basis. Frying, which reduced chlorpyrifos residue by 56% on a fat basis was shown to provide the greatest reduction when compared to baking (22%) and smoking (12%). Statistical analysis showed that results from the GC/ ECD and ELISA methods were not significantly different (p= 0.05).
Dental health of 5‐year‐olds following community‐based oral health promotion in Glasgow, UK
Authors: BLAIR Y. , MACPHERSON L. , MCCALL D. , MCMAHON A. 
Published: July 2006

Summary.  Aim.  A community development oral health promotion programme based on the principles of the Ottawa Charter was conducted in an attempt to improve the dental health of children under 5 years of age in two severely socioeconomically challenged pilot districts in Glasgow, UK. Later phased extension involved all of the area's most deprived communities. The aim of the present study was to assess dental health outcomes by secondary analysis of routine caries datasets for Glasgow 5‐year‐olds over the interval from 1997–1998 to 2003–2004.Design.  Wilcoxon tests assessed change in d3mft scores and logistic regression was used to analyse binomial scores (e.g. % d3mft = 0).Results.  After adjusting for age and deprivation (DepCat) in pilot districts 1 and 2, significant redistributions of the relative frequency of d3mft scores were observed (P = 0·012 and P < 0·001, respectively), mean d3mft decreased from 5·5 to 3·6 and from 6·0 to 3·6, respectively, and the proportions with d3mft = 0 increased from 11% to 29% and from 10% to 32%, respectively [P = 0·010, odds ratio (OR) = 0·25, and P = 0·006, OR = 0·30, respectively, for d3mft > 0]. Following extension of the programme into all of Glasgow's socioeconomically challenged areas, the mean d3mft values of 5‐year‐olds reduced in all DepCat 7 communities, and across Glasgow as a whole from 4·9 to 4·1 and from 3·5 to 3·1, respectively, while the proportion with d3mft = 0 increased from 20% to 32% (P < 0·001) and from 34% to 42% (P < 0·001), respectively.Conclusion.  Dental health improvements were observed in pilot districts and across all DepCat 7 communities following the roll‐out of the programme. This change was of sufficient magnitude to impact upon area‐wide statistics for Glasgow.
Effect of oral hygiene instruction and scaling on oral malodour in a population of Turkish children with gingival inflammation
Authors: KARA C. , TEZEL A. , ORBAK R. 
Published: July 2006

Summary. Aim.  Oral malodour affects a large proportion of the population, and may cause a significant social or psychological handicap to those suffering from it. The condition has a positive correlation with the accumulation of bacterial plaque in the oral cavity. The aim of the present study was twofold: first, to determine whether oral malodour and periodontal disease parameters are associated with one another in 150 Turkish subjects (mean age ± SD = 9·1 ± 2·7 years; age range = 7–12 years); and secondly, to investigate the impact of oral hygiene instruction and scaling on oral malodour.Design.  The parameters measured included whole‐mouth odour judge scoring, halimeter measurements, saliva pH scores, gingival index, plaque index, and probing depth before and after the treatment procedures.Results.  Odour judge scores were significantly associated with halimeter findings. However, gingival index, plaque index and probing depth were significantly associated with odour judge scores and halimeter scores. The statistical analysis revealed that periodontal treatments caused a significant reduction (P < 0·001) in volatile sulphur compound formation.Conclusion.  These results suggest that, in the population studied, periodontal health and oral malodour are associated with one another. Oral malodour levels were significantly reduced after treating gingival inflammation. Thus, in order to avoid oral malodour in children, oral care should not be neglected.
Seasonal patterns in post‐dispersal seed predation of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi in three cropping systems
Authors: HEGGENSTALLER ANDREW H. , MENALLED FABIAN D. , LIEBMAN MATT , WESTERMAN PAULA R. 
Published: July 2006

Summary

Post‐dispersal seed predation is an important source of mortality for arable weed populations that can potentially contribute to ecologically based management strategies. The extent to which cropping practices influence rates of seed predation is not well established.
Removal of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi seeds by predators was measured in 2‐year (maize/soyabean), 3‐year (maize/soyabean/triticale + red clover) and 4‐year (maize/soyabean/triticale + lucerne/lucerne) crop rotations in Iowa, USA, during 27 48‐h sampling periods conducted during the 2003 and 2004 cropping seasons.
Predation of S. faberi seeds was equal (eight sampling periods) or greater (19 sampling periods) than predation of A. theophrasti seeds, but the influence of crops on seasonal predation patterns was generally similar for the two weeds.
Seasonal patterns in seed predation were crop‐specific and complementary. In maize and soyabean, seed predation was low in spring, high in summer and low in autumn. In triticale–legume intercrops, seed predation was high in spring, low in summer and moderate in autumn. In lucerne, seed predation fluctuated from high to low, matching the periodic harvest and regrowth cycle of the crop.
Measurements of crop canopy light interception taken in 2004 were positively correlated with rates of seed removal for both A. theophrasti (r = 0·54, P < 0·001) and S. faberi (r = 0·25, P < 0·001), suggesting that vegetative cover promotes weed seed predation.
Synthesis and applications. The results indicate that crop vegetation can be managed to promote weed seed predation. Diversified farming systems that include a range of phenologically dissimilar crop species are likely to provide the greatest opportunities for weed seed destruction by predators.
Vitiligo prevalence study in Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Lu Tao , Gao Tianwen , Wang Anhui , Jin Yan , Li Qiang , Li Chunying 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground  Recent publications, especially those based on population surveys, show that the presumed vitiligo prevalence of 1–2% is overestimated.Objective  To obtain the vitiligo prevalence in Shaanxi Province, China, through a population survey.Methods  Approximately one‐thousandth of the 36.05 million people in Shaanxi Province, China, were selected through stratified four‐stage cluster sampling. They lived in 180 investigation units and all were investigated in a door‐to‐door survey. Vitiligo and suspected vitiligo patients were marked in the basic questionnaire. They were encouraged to complete a well‐prepared questionnaire and send it back to the investigation center. The questionnaire assigned to the investigators contained questions about vitiligo characteristics, such as the area affected, number of areas, and whether or not the affected areas were covered by scurf. Professional dermatologists verified these results.Results  There were 42,833 people in 180 investigation units. The sex, residence, and educational level of these individuals were representative of the population of Shaanxi Province. The investigation team reported 43 vitiligo patients and 14 with suspected vitiligo. During the verification period, three patients and all those with suspected vitiligo were excluded. In total, there were 40 patients (17 women and 23 men). Eleven lived in urban areas and 29 in rural areas.Conclusions  The prevalence of vitiligo in Shaanxi Province is 0.093% (95% confidence interval, 0.067–0.127%). No significant difference was found between males and females or between urban and rural residents.
Coexisting pseudoxanthoma elasticum and lupus erythematosus: Report of two cases
Authors: Le Scanff Julie , Sève Pascal , Dalle Stephane , Kodjikian Laurent , Thomas Luc , Broussolle Christiane 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a heritable connective tissue disorder affecting the elastic structures in the body, manifesting with cutaneous, ophthalmologic and cardiovascular findings. The association of PXE and systemic disease is rare, as only six cases have been reported in the literature. We describe herein two cases of coexisting PXE and cutaneous lupus and discuss a possible association. Although a fortuitous association cannot be excluded, the calculated prevalence of the association in our area was much less than in our observation. Given the ocular and vascular complications of PXE, clinicians who treat patients with lupus should be aware of this possible association.
Safety and tolerability of grass pollen tablets in sublingual immunotherapy – a phase‐1 study
Authors: Larsen T. H. , Poulsen L. K. , Melac M. , Combebias A. , Andre C. , Malling H.‐J. 
Published: July 2006

Background:  A single‐centre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study.Aims:  To compare the safety and tolerability of four different sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) regimes in grass pollen allergic rhinitis.Methods:  Thirty subjects sensitized to grass pollen were enrolled and allocated to four groups. Sublingual immunotherapy was administered in tablets daily for 10 days. Groups 1 and 2 received incremental sublingual doses of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 IR, Group 1 daily and Group 2 increments every second day. Repeated constant dose regimens of 300 IR and 500 IR were administered in Groups 3 and 4 respectively. Safety assessments included adverse events (AE), vital signs, electrocardiogram (ECG) and clinical laboratory tests.Results:  Sublingual immunotherapy 300 IR (Group 3) administered in a constant dose and incremental doses up to 500 IR (Groups 1 and 2) were generally well tolerated. The majority of AEs were mild to moderate, the most common being oral pruritus, throat irritation and swollen tongue. Severe local AEs (swelling of throat) were observed only for Group 4. No serious systemic AEs were reported. There were no relevant changes in clinical laboratory, vital signs and ECG data.Conclusion:  Adverse events were mostly local (sublingual), were not severe and resolved rapidly. Using a 5‐day induction regimen high‐dose treatment up to 500 IR could be administered without important side‐effects, in contrast to initiating with a constant dose of 500 IR. The data indicate that a short dose increase phase may reduce the incidence of AEs when high‐dose SLIT is administered.
Early detection of bipolar disorder: a pilot familial high‐risk study of parents with bipolar disorder and their adolescent children
Authors: Jones Steven Huntley , Tai Sara , Evershed Kate , Knowles Rebecca , Bentall Richard 
Published: July 2006

Objectives:  Disturbances in cognition, affect, sleep and activity have been identified in bipolar disorder (BD) but little is known about the possible role of these factors in the development of the condition. We studied these variables in a familial high‐risk sample.Methods:  Twenty‐five children (13–19 years) of bipolar parents were compared with 22 similar aged children of age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Participants were assessed using Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia‐Lifetime version (SADS‐L) and completed self‐report measures of dysfunctional attitudes, behavioural inhibition/activation, social rhythms, coping styles and subjective experience of sleep. Children completed a 7‐day recording of actigraphy (sleep and activity) and a 7‐day diary measuring self‐esteem, positive and negative affect and reactions to positive and negative events.Results:  Fifty‐six per cent of children of bipolar parents (CBP) reported mood symptoms compared to 9% of children of control parents (CC). The CBP group had coping styles and instability of self‐esteem consistent with abnormal strategies for regulating affect. Both groups also differed on sleep measures. The majority of differences observed were between CBP with a current or past mood diagnosis and CC. BD parents reported dysfunctional coping styles and (to a lesser extent) disrupted activity patterns.Conclusions:  A familial high‐risk strategy for studying the role of psychological factors in BD is feasible and informative. This pilot study indicates that abnormal coping styles, instability of self‐esteem and dysregulation of sleep may be early markers of bipolar illness. However, current findings need to be explored further in longitudinal studies to clarify which potential markers are truly predictive of BD.