bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI thermometry: Fast mapping of RF‐induced heating along conductive wires
Authors: Ehses Philipp , Fidler Florian , Nordbeck Peter , Pracht Eberhard D. , Warmuth Marcus , Jakob Peter M. , Bauer Wolfgang R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractConductive implants are in most cases a strict contraindication for MRI examinations, as RF pulses applied during the MRI measurement can lead to severe heating of the surrounding tissue. Understanding and mapping of these heating effects is therefore crucial for determining the circumstances under which patient examinations are safe. The use of fluoroptic probes is the standard procedure for monitoring these heating effects. However, the observed temperature increase is highly dependent on the positioning of such a probe, as it can only determine the temperature locally. Temperature mapping with MRI after RF heating can be used, but cooling effects during imaging lead to a significant underestimation of the heating effect. In this work, an MRI thermometry method was combined with an MRI heating sequence, allowing for temperature mapping during RF heating. This technique may provide new opportunities for implant safety investigations. Magn Reson Med, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interstitial adenosine triphosphate modulates muscle afferent nerve–mediated pressor reflex
Authors: Li Jianhua , Gao Zhaohui , Kehoe Valerie , Xing Jihong , King Nicholas , Sinoway Lawrence 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPrevious work has shown that muscle contraction elevates interstitial adenosine triphosphate concentration ([ATP]i), which is likely due to the release of ATP from active skeletal muscle. ATP activation of purinergic receptors P2X on thin muscle afferent fibers further enhances cardiovascular responses to contraction. Thus, the purposes of this study were: (1) to examine the mechanisms by which ATP is released from muscle in response to mechanical stimulation; and (2) to study the effects of interstitial ATP concentrations on modulating pressor response to muscle contraction. Static contraction of the triceps surae muscle was evoked by electrical stimulation (at 5 HZ and 2.5 times motor threshold) of the tibial nerve in 9 anesthetized cats. Muscle interstitial ATP samples were collected from microdialysis probes inserted into the muscles. Dialysate ATP concentrations were determined using the luciferin–luciferase assay. In a control experiment, contraction was induced after 0.5 ml of saline was injected into the arterial blood supply of the hindlimb muscles. This increased [ATP]i by 220% (P < 0.05 vs. baseline). After gadolinium (1 mM), a blocker of mechanically sensitive channels, was injected into the muscles, contraction increased [ATP]i by 112% (P < 0.05 vs. control). In contrast, glibenclamide (an inhibitor of the ATP‐binding cassette protein), monensin, and brefeldin A, which interfere with vesicular formation (or trafficking) and inhibit exocytosis, did not significantly affect ATP release by muscle contraction. In addition, a regression analysis showed that [ATP]i was linearly related to the pressor response to muscle contraction. The data suggest that ATP release from skeletal muscle is mediated via involvement of mechanosensitive channels. These findings further support a physiological role for release of ATP in modulating cardiovascular responses during static muscle contraction. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Conducting nanocomposites of polyacrylamide with acetylene black and polyaniline
Authors: Verma Pramod Kumar , Sardar Pinki Saha , Ghosh Sanjib , Biswas Mukul 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA conducting nanocomposite of polyacrylamide (PAA) with acetylene black was prepared via Na2AsO3‐K2CrO4 redox initiated polymerization of acrylamide in water containing a suspension of acetylene black. FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of PAA in the nanocomposites. The composite possessed lower thermal stability than AB and exhibited three stages of decomposition upto 430°C. DSC thermogram revealed three endotherms due to minor thermal degradation (at ∼100°C), melting and decomposition (at ∼230°C) and major decomposition (at ∼430°C). TEM analyses indicated the formation of globular composite particles with sizes in 30–70 nm range. In contrast to the very low conductivity of the base polymer the composite showed a dramatic increase in conductivity (0.19–6.0 S/cm) depending upon AB loading. Log (conductivity) –1/T plot showed a change in slope at ∼127°C indicating the manifestation of an intrinsic conductivity region and an impurity conductivity region. The activation energy for conduction as estimated from the slope of region I was 0.008 eV/mol. The C–V plot was linear showing a metallic behavior. For comparison in conductivity PAA‐polyaniline composite was also prepared which however displayed much lower conductivity values. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
A radial infusion model for transverse permeability measurements of fiber reinforcement in composite materials
Authors: Mekic Sait , Akhatov Iskander , Ulven Chad 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe goal of this article was to develop a method for simultaneously determining the principal values of an unsaturated permeability tensor for fibrous reinforcements which accounts for finite dimension of the inlet gate, when its diameter is comparable or larger than thickness of a fabric preform. An analytic solution for the direct problem of liquid spreading in a transversely orthotropic fabric preform is derived and analyzed. This solution is compared with a point source approximate solution used by other authors. Algorithms for evaluating the principal components of transverse and equivalent in‐plane permeability are proposed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Physical properties of polyester‐acrylate/clay nanocomposite films with different organoclays
Authors: Kim Yong Hoon , Kim Dae Su 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThree different organoclays (VDA‐MMT, SDA‐MMT, and 20A‐MMT) originated from the same pristine clay (Na+‐MMT) were used to prepare polyester‐acrylate/clay nanocomposite films by in‐situ ultraviolet (UV)‐polymerization. Except for the commercial organoclay (20A‐MMT), VDA‐MMT and SDA‐MMT were synthesized in this study by ion exchange method. The effects of different organoclays on the thermal stability, mechanical, and optical properties of the nanocomposite films were investigated. The physical properties of the nanocomposites were considerably different from each other because of the different characteristics of the organoclays. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Morphology studies of doped polyaniline micro/nanocomposites containing TiO2 nanoparticles and Fe3O4 microparticles
Authors: Phang Sook‐Wai , Kuramoto Noriyuki 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTo produce polyaniline (PAni) nanodevices that display excellent microwave absorbing behaviors, novel hexanoic acid‐doped PAni micro/nanocomposites containing TiO2 nanoparticles and Fe3O4 microparticles (PAni/HA/TiO2/Fe3O4) were prepared by template‐free method, particularly to improve the dielectric and magnetic property of PAni. PAni/HA/TiO2/Fe3O4 synthesized at different polymerization temperatures and polymerization time by various TiO2 and Fe3O4 contents, and particles size of TiO2 were prepared. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of synthesis condition on the morphology behaviors of nanorods/tubes. The resulted nanorods/tubes indicated that PAni micro/nanocomposites exhibited polymerization through elongation. PAni micro/nanocomposites synthesized at 0°C resulted in large amounts of nanorods/tubes compared with those synthesized at subzero temperature and above 0°C. PAni/HA/TiO2 and PAni/HA/TiO2/Fe3O4 synthesized using TiO2 with diameter (particles size) 180 nm resulted in large amounts of nanorods/tubes (diameter nanorods/tubes = 80–140 nm) compared with those synthesized using TiO2 with diameter of 30 and 6 nm. Increasing TiO2 and Fe3O4 content above 10% will significantly reduce the amount of nanorods/tubes. In conclusion, synthesis parameters mentioned above are the significant factors that might affect the morphology behaviors of PAni nanostructures. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Photodegradation of EPDM/MWCNT nanocomposites: Effect of singlet oxygen
Authors: Kumar Bijandra , Kumar Indresh , Singh R.P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe photo‐oxidation of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanocomposites has been studied under accelerated UV‐irradiation (λ ≥ 290 nm) in the presence of singlet oxygen. The rate of photodegradation of EPDM/MWCNT is found to be higher when compared to the pristine polymer in presence of singlet oxygen. The enhancement of the rate of degradation of composite has been described through [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction between singlet oxygen and double bonds on composite which is followed by cleavage. The rate of degradation and the formation of new functional groups on the composite has been monitored by FTIR spectroscopy and found to be increased with irradiation time. The changes in surface morphology have been studied by scanning electron microscope. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed an increase in the glass transition temperature of photodegraded EPDM and EPDM/MWCNT nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Intra‐abdominal masses: prenatal differential diagnosis and management
Authors: Hyett Jon 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIntra‐abdominal masses and cystic lesions are not commonly identified during the routine 20‐week anomaly scan but are not infrequently seen as incidental findings during a third trimester scan assessing fetal growth and well being. This review looks at the potential differential diagnosis of masses and cysts seen prenatally and aims to define a method of assessment that will help limit the differential diagnosis before delivery. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wen‐pi‐tang‐Hab‐Wu‐ling‐san attenuates kidney fibrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion in mice
Authors: Seok Young Mi , Kim Jinu , Park Mae Ja , Boo Yong Chool , Park Yong‐Ki , Park Kwon Moo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRenal fibrosis is highly implicated as a cause of chronic renal failure, for which suitable therapeutics have not yet been developed. Recently, it was reported that Wen‐pi‐tang‐Hab‐Wu‐ling‐san (WHW) extract attenuates epithelial cells undergoing mesenchymal transition in cultured Madin‐Darby canine kidney cells. This study investigated whether WHW extract prevents renal fibrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice. Ischemia/reperfusion resulted in kidney fibrosis at 14 days after the procedure. When WHW was administered orally to mice beginning from 2 days after the onset of ischemia until killing, the fibrosis was significantly reduced. WHW administration significantly prevented a post‐ischemic decrease of copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activities, leading to decreased lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide production. In addition, WHW administration attenuated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) and attenuated the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) in the kidneys subjected to ischemia. In conclusion, WHW extract attenuated the renal fibrosis and the attenuation was associated with a reduction of oxidative stress and an inhibition of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, p38 and NF‐κB activation. WHW extract may be an attractive agent to attenuate the progression of fibrosis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A methoxylated fatty acid isolated from the brown seaweed Ishige okamurae inhibits bacterial phospholipase A2
Authors: Cho Ji‐Young , Gyawali Yadav P. , Ahn Sun‐Hee , Khan Mohammed N. A. , Kong In‐Soo , Hong Yong‐Ki 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA methoxylated fatty acid that inhibits phospholipase A2 (PLA2; EC 3.1.1.4) was purified from the brown seaweed Ishige okamurae. Approximately 8.1 mg of the inhibitory compound, 7‐methoxy‐9‐methylhexadeca‐4,8‐dienoic acid, was isolated from 1 kg of I. okamurae powder. Recombinant PLA2 derived from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio mimicus was used as the target enzyme. The methoxylated fatty acid compound competitively inhibited PLA2 with a Ki value of 3.9 µg/mL. The concentrations required for 50% inhibition of PLA2, oedema and erythema were 1.0 µg/mL, 3.6 mg/mL and 4.6 mg/mL, respectively. The compound strongly inhibited PLA2 activity in vitro and had potent antiinflammatory activity in vivo. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local tissue destruction and procoagulation properties of Echis carinatus venom: inhibition by Vitis vinifera seed methanol extract
Authors: Mahadeswaraswamy Y. H. , Nagaraju S. , Girish K. S. , Kemparaju K. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPlant extracts are extensively used against snakebites in Indian folk medicine. In this study, one such traditionally used plant, Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) seed methanol extract has been studied for its ability to neutralize Indian Echis carinatus (saw‐scaled viper) venom. The extract effectively inhibited toxic effects, such as oedema, haemorrhage, myonecrosis and coagulation of citrated human plasma. Further, the extract inhibited the caseinolytic, hyaluronolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities of the venom. The extract caused dose dependent inhibition of the toxic activities studied, suggesting venom inhibition. Thus, the anti‐snake venom property of the extract appears to be highly promising for further investigation in order to achieve better neutralization of Indian E. carinatus venom poisoning. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative studies on the immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of the different parts of fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma spores
Authors: Yue Grace G. L. , Fung Kwok‐Pui , Leung Ping‐Chung , Lau Clara B. S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractGanoderma lucidum (GL, Lingzhi) has been suggested as a candidate for immunomodulation and cancer treatment. The present study aimed at comparing the different parts of the fruiting body (whole fruiting body, pileus and stipe) of GL as well as Ganoderma spores (sporoderm‐broken and ‐unbroken), with regard to their antitumor and immunomodulatory activities in S‐180 sarcoma‐bearing mice. The hot water extracts of different parts of GL or the Ganoderma spores were orally administered to the sarcoma‐bearing mice. The results showed that GL whole fruiting body, stipe and sporoderm‐broken spore possessed stronger inhibitory activities on sarcoma growth when compared with the pileus extract. Higher immunomodulatory activities in terms of enhancing the proliferative responses and the cytokines (IFN‐γ, IL‐4 and IL‐6) production of spleen lymphocytes were also found in GL stipe and sporoderm‐broken spore treatment groups. The sporoderm‐broken spores had higher stimulatory effects on mitogen‐activated spleen lymphocytes of healthy mice than those of sarcoma‐bearing mice. In addition, the immunostimulatory activities of GL hot water extracts and Ganoderma spores were shown to be comparable; hence the latter did not show superiority in efficacy. This is the first comparative study on the immunomodulatory activities of Ganoderma spores and the fruiting body extracts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro antidiabetic activities of five medicinal herbs used in Chinese medicinal formulae
Authors: Lau C. H. , Chan C. M. , Chan Y. W. , Lau K. M. , Lau T. W. , Lam F. C. , Che C. T. , Leung P. C. , Fung K. P. , Ho Y. Y. , Lau C. B. S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFructus Corni, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Poria, Rhizoma Alismatis and Rhizoma Dioscoreae are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for diabetes treatment. They are also the component herbs of an antidiabetic foot ulcer formula with demonstrated clinical efficacy. Although some of these herbal extracts were previously shown to possess in vivo antidiabetic effects (i.e. lowering blood glucose levels), the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible antidiabetic mechanisms of these individual herbs, using a systematic study platform which includes four in vitro tissue models: glucose absorption into intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV), gluconeogenesis by rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE, glucose uptake by human skin fibroblasts cell line Hs68 and mouse adipocytes 3T3‐L1. All tested herbs showed significant in vitro antidiabetic effects in at least two models. Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Poria, Rhizoma Alismatis and Rhizoma Dioscoreae showed significant inhibitory effects in the BBMV glucose uptake assay. All tested herbs showed significant stimulatory effects to the glucose uptake of Hs68 and 3T3‐L1 cells, except Poria and Rhizoma Dioscoreae which were not effective to Hs68 and 3T3‐L1 respectively. However, none of the tested herbs inhibited hepatic gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, the five herbs exhibited distinct antidiabetic mechanisms in vitro and hence our investigations provided scientific evidence to support the traditional usage of these herbs for diabetic treatment in medicinal formulae. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antidepressant‐like effect of ethanol extract from Paeonia lactiflora in mice
Authors: Mao Qingqiu , Huang Zhen , Ip Siupo , Che Chuntao 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe present study investigated the antidepressant effect of ethanol extract of Paeonia lactiflora (EPL) in mice using forced swim test, tail suspension test, open‐field test and reserpine test. Our results showed that intragastric administration of EPL at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg for seven days significantly reduced the duration of immobility in both forced swim test and tail suspension test. EPL at the dose of 500 mg/kg was as effective as the positive control (chlorimipramine, 20 mg/kg) in these tests. However, these treatments did not affect the number of crossing and rearing in the open‐field test. Treating mice with EPL at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly antagonized reserpine‐induced ptosis and hypothermia. However, at the dose of 125 mg/kg, EPL antagonized only the hypothermia but not ptosis induced by reserpine. The results clearly demonstrated the antidepressant effect of Paeonia lactiflora in animal models of depression. The action of Paeonia lactiflora may be mediated via the central monoaminergic neurotransmitter system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular modeling of the inhibition of enzyme PLA2 from snake venom by dipyrone and 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐5‐pyrazolone
Authors: Da Silva S. L. , Comar M. , Oliveira K. M. T. , Chaar J. S. , Bezerra E. R. M. , Calgarotto A. K. , Baldasso P. A. , Veber C. L. , Villar J. A. F. P. , Oliveira A. R. M. , Marangoni S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPhospholipases A2 (PLA2) are enzymes that trigger the degradation cascade of the arachidonic acid, leading to the formation of pro‐inflammatory eicosanoids. The selective inhibition of PLA2s is crucial in the search for a more efficient anti‐inflammatory drug with fewer side effects than the drugs currently used. Hence, we studied the influences caused by two pyrazolonic inhibitors: dipyrone (DIP) and 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐5‐pyrazolone (PMP) on the kinetic behavior of PLA2 from Crotalus adamanteus venom. Molecular modeling results, by DFT and MM approaches, showed that DIP is strongly associated to the active site of PLA2 through three hydrogen bonds, whereas PMP is associated to the enzyme just through hydrophobic interactions. In addition, only PMP presents an intramolecular hydrogen bond that make difficult the formation of more efficient interactions with PLA2. These results help in the understanding of the experimental observations. Experimentally, the results showed that PLA2 from C. adamanteus present a typical Michaelian behavior. In addition, the calculated kinetic parameters showed that, in the presence of DIP or PMP, the maximum enzymatic velocity (VMAX) value was kept constant, whereas the Michaelis constant (KM) values increased and the inhibition constant (KI) decreased, indicating competitive inhibition. These results show that the phenyl‐pyrazolonic structures might help in the development and design of new drugs able to selectively inhibit PLA2. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Rovibrational energies and spectroscopic constants of the H system in the electronic states 1Sσ, 7iσ, 5fπ, 5gπ, 6iπ, and 6iϕ
Authors: Kiametis Alessandra S. , Vieira Fábio M. , Fonseca A. L. A. , e Silva Geraldo M. , Gargano Ricardo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this work, we present the rovibrational energies and spectroscopic constants of the molecular ion H in the electronic states 1sσ, 7iσ, 5fπ, 5gπ, 6iπ, and 6iϕ. The H electronic energies were obtained from the solution of Hamilton–Jacobi equations in association with the series established by Wind–Jaffe. The calculated energies were fitted using the extended Rydberg functions and polynomials in bond order coordinates. From these analytical forms, we evaluated the H rovibrational spectroscopic constants for each state using two different procedures. The first was obtained combining the rovibrational energies, determined through the nuclear Schrödinger equation solution, and a diatomic rovibrational energy equation. The second was determined using the Dunham method. The results obtained are in a good agreement with both experimental and theoretical data available in the literature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Use of mixed technologies to remediate chlorinated DNAPL at a Brownfields site
Authors: Robinson David , Angyal Gary 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA former chlorofluorocarbon manufacturing facility in northern New Jersey was purchased for redevelopment as a warehousing/distribution center as part of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection's Brownfields redevelopment initiative. Soil and groundwater at the site were impacted with dense nonaqueous‐phase liquids (chlorinated organic compounds) and light nonaqueous‐phase liquids (petroleum hydrocarbons). The initial remedial strategy (excavation and offsite disposal) developed by prior site owners would have been cost‐prohibitive to the new site owners and made redevelopment infeasible. Mixed remedial technologies were employed to reduce the cost of remediation while meeting regulatory contaminant levels that are protective of human health and the environment. The most heavily impacted soils (containing greater than 95 percent of the contaminant mass) were excavated and treated onsite by the addition of calcium oxide and lime kiln dust coupled with physical mixing. Treated soils were reused onsite as part of the redevelopment. Residual soil and groundwater contamination was treated via in situ injections of emulsified oil to enhance anaerobic biodegradation, and emulsified oil/zero‐valent iron to chemically reduce residual contaminants. Engineering (cap) and administrative (deed restriction) controls were used as part of the final remedy. The remedial strategy presented in this article resulted in a cost reduction of 50 percent of the initial remedial cost estimate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.