bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy elderly: Social bonds and locus of control
Authors: Thomas Paula D. , Hooper Elizabeth M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn investigation into social relationships and their connection to health was integrated into a 5‐year prospective study of nutrition and immunobiology in 300 healthy elderly persons. The data were collected from a subsample of 40 individuals by interview, using the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI), the Rotter I‐E Locus of Control Scale, and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC). This group did not differ from the general population in terms of their social relationships. The mean locus of control expectancy score was 6.5 3.3, indicating an internal group. There was a statistically significant relationship between internality and availability of social integration, but no differences based upon sex or age for the ISSI or Rotter's I‐E Locus of Control Scale.
Relationships between temperament and development in preschool children
Authors: Moller Jill Strathman 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this study the relationship between temperament and development in preschool children was determined. Thirty‐one children, age 3 and 4 years old, were selected from day‐care centers. The child's temperament was measured with the Behavioral Style Questionnaire. Cognitive‐verbal and motor development were assessed using the Pea‐body Picture Vocabulary Test, the Goodenough Draw‐a‐Person Test, and the developmental subtests of the Comprehensive Identification Process. Significant correlations (p < .05) using the Pearson product moment were found between development and six categories of reactivity for temperament: activity, rhythmicity, approach, adaptability, mood, and persistence. All significant correlation coefficients showed an inverse relationship between temperament and developmental scores. This suggests that children who are mildly active, rhythmic, adaptable, persistent, approachable, and have a positive mood attain a more advanced developmental level during their preschool years.
Predicting tenure decisions of psychiatric nursing assistants: Individual and work‐related factors
Authors: Depp Frederick C. , Arnold Elizabeth , Dawkins Joan , Selzer Nancy 
Published: April 2007

AbstractModels were developed to predict the tenure status of 106 psychiatric nursing assistants at 3, 6, and 12 months after beginning employment at a large public psychiatric inpatient facility. The attrition rate of this sample was 40% which was consistent with trends reported in the literature. The predictive power of four groups of variables—personal, training, ward related, and organizational—was shown to change over time. Personal and training variables were significant early determinants of tenure, while ward and organizational factors gained more importance during the course of the year. Certain factors that appear important in reducing turnover of nursing assistants are discussed, with recommendations for program changes.
Psychometrics in nursing research—further development of the interpersonal conflict scale
Authors: Hoskins Carol Noll 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe importance of ongoing refinement of measurement tools is illustrated by describing the methodology for further development of an Interpersonal Conflict scale. A third dimension, that of Sexual Need, was defined and added to the original sub‐scales of Interaction Need and Emotional Need. Thirty‐one Sexual Need items were formulated and incorporated into the original scale and the revised list was submitted to a sample of 212 subjects. The methods used to study content and face validity are discussed; factor analytic techniques for assessing construct validity and reliability of the Sexual Need dimension are presented. Six alternate forms of approximately equal reliability were developed for repeated measurements over time. The overall analyses are discussed within a framework of the relationship between fulfillment of psychosocial needs and marital conflict.
Communicating probability in clinical reports: Nurses' numerical associations to verbal expressions
Authors: Damrosch Shirley Petchel , Soeken Karen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractVerbal estimates of probability (such as likely or certain) commonly used in laboratory, radiological, and clinical reports may be a barrier to effective communication between health care professionals. In this study the investigators sought to determine whether a consensus of numerical meaning existed in a sample of nurses for each of 30 widely used verbal expressions of probability. Seventy female nurses enrolled in a graduate course were surveyed by means of a test‐retest procedure using a questionnaire designed to elicit assignments of numerical probability (0% to 100%). The results showed wide inconsistency both between subjects and within subjects.
The Relation of Life Stress and Social Support to Emotional Disequilibrium During Pregnancy
Authors: Tilden Virginia Peterson 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA convenience sample of 141 medically normal adult women in the mid‐trimester of pregnancy were tested with standardized instruments during a routine prenatal visit. Life stress was measured for the 12‐month‐period preceding testing. The dependent variable, emotional disequilibrium, was a factor‐analyzed construct derived from measures of state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression, and self‐esteem. Life stress accounted for 29.71% of the variance in emotional disequilibrium (p = .0001), and social support accounted for a separate and non‐interactive 3.11% of the variance (p = .01). Emotional disequilibrium in pregnancy decreased as a function of decreasing life stress and increasing social support.
A Computer‐Compatible Method for Observing Falling Asleep Behavior of Hospitalized Children
Authors: White Marjorie A. , Wear Elise , Stephenson Gordon 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA family‐organizational linkage framework was used to conceptualize the nighttime separation behaviors of 18 hospitalized children, ages 3 to 8, whose parents did not room‐in. All children were observed for three consecutive nights during the falling asleep period. A bedtime story, tape recorded by the parent, was played on the second and third nights for one group. Frequency and duration of falling asleep behaviors were recorded and analyzed with the Senders Signals and Receivers System, a computer‐compatible method of recording behavioral data. Eight conceptual behavioral categories emerged from the data: sleepy, contact, active, inactive, neutral, communication, distress, and pleasure. The story‐children fell asleep sooner (23 minutes vs. 28 minutes), exhibited more sleepy behaviors, and displayed fewer active behaviors. Duration of contact behaviors also was greater in this group (22 minutes vs. 14 minutes). Hospitalized children who hear a bedtime story recorded by a parent appear to use self‐soothing behaviors to cope with the separation experience.
Muscle Tension and Its Relation to Symptoms in the Premenstruum
Authors: Coyne Christine 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMuscle tension as a function of sympathetic arousal may play a causal or contributory role in symptomatology in the premenstruum. The purpose of this study was to determine whether women exhibit an increase in muscle tension in the premenstrual phase over that in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and whether the incidence and severity of premenstrual symptoms were associated with premenstrual muscle tension. A sample of 22 women with variable levels of predicted premenstrual symptomatology was chosen. A report of symptoms was obtained in the premenstrual and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle. Frontalis and trapezius muscle tension levels also were obtained during these cycle phases, during relaxation, and during focus on an emotional image. A difference was found in the subjects' premenstrual and follicular phase frontalis electromyogram (EMG) levels both in the initial relaxation period and while focusing on an emotional image. A significant positive correlation was found between the premenstrual physiologic symptoms women predicted they would have and the premenstrual frontalis EMG levels measured during relaxation. The results suggest that training in muscle tension reduction may benefit premenstrual symptoms.
Health Beliefs, Adjustment to Illness, and Control of Hypertension
Authors: Devon Holli A. , Powers Marjorie J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHealth beliefs influencing compliance and psychosocial adjustment to illness were compared in two groups of hypertensive patients. Based upon clinical judgments of physicians, 15 controlled and 15 uncontrolled hypertensives made up the study group. Subjects came from a white middle to upper class suburban community and were demographically homogeneous. There was no significant difference between groups in health beliefs affecting compliance, but significant differences were found in several domains related to psychosocial adjustment to illness. Uncontrolled hypertensives showed less illness‐related adjustment. They reported significantly greater difficulties in their domestic environments, more disturbances in extended family relationships, and more psychological distress. Less adjustment to illness was significantly correlated with less compliance and with a more complex medication regimen. No relationships were found between compliance and demographic variables, medication variables, or duration of hypertension; nor between adjustment, demographic variables, or illness duration. Clinical assessment of illness‐related adjustment problems may help enhance compliance of hypertensive patients.
Modification of Life Event Questionnaires for Use with Female Respondents
Authors: Norbeck Jane S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to increase the relevance of a life‐event questionnaire for adult female respondents of childbearing age. A two‐step procedure with three subject groups was used to develop a modified life‐event questionnaire for this population. First, open‐ended interview questions were used with 32 single mothers to obtain relevant content. Ninety‐eight responses were coded for congruence with existing life‐event questionnaires. Nine new items were created from the noncongruent responses and the wording of existing items modified to reduce bias from sexist assumptions about marital status and other socio‐economic factors. Two samples, 60 female graduate students and 69 single and partnered mothers, were used to study reliability, the frequency of selecting new items, and the validity of the revised 82‐item instrument. As expected, the negative events score was related to negative mood states and psychiatric symptoms.
Perceptions of Sexual Attractiveness Following Ostomy Surgery
Authors: Gloeckner Mary Reid 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study was conducted to obtain information regarding sexual adjustment following ostomy surgery and to explore the influence of surgery on an individual's body image. Home interviews were conducted with 40 subjects, where the mean length of time since surgery averaged 4.6 years. Retrospective perceptions of attractiveness decreased in the first year after surgery, then continued to improve with time. Most comments relative to body image during the first year after surgery had a negative connotation. Persons who saw themselves as most sexually attractive at the time of interview were most often female; however, males had seen themselves as more sexually attractive than females before surgery. Management problems significantly decreased feelings of attractiveness no matter when they occurred. Those with ileostomies who had been ill for over 10 years preoperatively tended to have enhanced feelings of attractiveness at the time of interview compared to those with other types of ostomy surgery and lengths of illness.
Effect of a Mental Health Educational Program Upon Police Officers
Authors: Godschalx Susan M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCommunity‐based psychiatric treatment and domestic crises have precipitated police officers to intervene with emotionally disturbed people. The investigator hypothesized that an 8‐hour educational seminar would significantly improve knowledge and attitudes of police officers toward people experiencing emotional difficulty. A nonequivalent control group pretest‐posttest design (control n = 33, experimental n = 27) was used. A knowledge measure specific to seminar content, the Osgood Semantic Differential, and an evaluative questionnaire were the outcome measures. Police officers' knowledge about working with people experiencing emotional difficulty increased, but attitudes were not altered. All officers reported that the seminar was a valuable experience. These results suggest that educational programs can impact nonhealth care workers in contact with the emotionally disturbed.
Changes in Nurses' Blood Pressure and Heart Rate While Communicating
Authors: Thomas Sue A. , Friedmann Erika , Lottes Linda Sue , Gresty Sally , Miller Cynthia , Lynch James J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCardiovascular responses of nurses were measured during two communication tasks. In the first experiment 40 nurses' blood pressures and heart rates were taken pre, during, and post change‐of‐shift report. In the second experiment, 30 nurses spoke to an individual nurse and to a group of nurses. Blood pressures and heart rates were recorded pre, during, and post speech in both conditions. Analyses of variances showed that speaking levels of all cardiovascular parameters were higher (p < .001) than resting levels in both experiments. Blood pressures and heart rates were higher (p < .0001) in front of a group than in front of an individual. These findings extend previous work that has shown communication alters blood pressure.
A Semantic Differential Measure of Attitudes Toward Black American Patients
Authors: Morgan Barbara Sawyer 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe development of an instrument measuring attitudes toward black American patients using a semantic differential technique is described. Subjects were 242 white senior students enrolled in baccalaureate degree, associate degree, and diploma nursing programs. The instrument consisted of 20 bipolar adjective scales for positive and negative racial stereotypes. A factor analysis resulted in five factors which accounted for the majority of the variance, with 30.2% for Factor I Evaluation. An alpha reliability of .84 for the same factor revealed a high level of internal consistency. To obtain an attitude score, the eight bipolar adjective scales comprising Factor I were summed and the scores obtained were in the neutral range. There were no significant differences among the attitudes of baccalaureate degree, associate degree, or diploma nursing students. Comparisons also were made between the perceptions of students toward black Americans and toward black American patients, with the latter perceived more favorably.
Perceived Uncertainty and Stress in Illness
Authors: Mishel Merle H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA structural model was proposed to explain the stress resulting from hospitalization for a medical problem. Perceived uncertainty about symptoms, treatment, and outcome was examined as a major predictor of stress. Other variables proposed in the model included seriousness of illness, age, education, and recency of rehospitalization. Testing of the model with hospitalized medical patients indicated support for the relationship of uncertainty to stress. Uncertainty also had the predicted mediating role between seriousness of illness and stress. The only other variable supporting the proposed model was age which related inversely to stress. Much of the unexplained variance in the model is attributed to the heterogeneity of diagnoses in the sample. Suggestions for future testing of the model are presented.
Effect of Advance Organizers on Learning Medical Surgical Nursing Content by Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Gillies Dee Ann 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe hypothesis for this study was that a verbal advance organizer would increase learning and retention of class content more in subjects with greater field independence and with higher scholastic aptitude. The sample was 43 junior baccalaureate nursing students, randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Sophomore cumulative grade point averages were used as a measure of scholastic aptitude and Group Embedded Figures Test scores as measures of field independence. An expository organizer was presented to experimental subjects and a passage of nonorganizing historical information to control subjects at the beginning of each of six classes. Class quizzes were used to measure initial learning, and end‐of‐unit and final examinations were used to measure intermediate and long range retention of class content. Increased initial learning occurred with exposure to a verbal advance organizer in subjects with above average scholastic ability and below average field independence (p < .05), but intermediate and long‐term retention were not significantly higher in these subjects.
An economic application of the Dubovitskii–Milyutin version of the Maximum Principle
Authors: Leung Siu Fai 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Pontryagin Maximum Principle is well known in economics. There is a different and more general version of the Maximum Principle, first established by Dubovitskii and Milyutin (Dokl. Acad. Nauk SSSR 1963; 149:759–762; Zh. Vychisl. Mat. Mat. Fiz. 1965; 5:393–453), which is little known in economics and has never been applied to solve an economic optimal control problem. This paper introduces the Dubovitskii–Milyutin version of the Maximum Principle to economics and offers an economic application to illustrate the limitation of the conventional Maximum Principle and the usefulness of the Dubovitskii–Milyutin version. The Dubovitskii–Milyutin Maximum Principle should be an integral part of the economist's toolbox and be included in economics textbooks on dynamic optimization. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical method for weights adjustment in minimax multi‐model LQ‐control
Authors: Poznyak Alexander , Bejarano Francisco Javier , Fridman Leonid 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe minimax linear quadratic problem, where ‘max’ is taken over a finite set of indices (models) and ‘min’ is taken over the set of admissible controls, is considered. The solution is obtained by the robust optimal control application. The control turns out to be a linear combination of the controls optimal for each individual model. This paper develops a numerical method for the optimal weights adjustment. An example shows a quick convergence of the proposed procedure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational optimal control of the terminal bunt manoeuvre—Part 1: minimum altitude case
Authors: Subchan S. , Zbikowski R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis two‐part paper studies trajectory shaping of a generic cruise missile attacking a fixed target from above. This guidance problem is reinterpreted using optimal control theory resulting in two formulations: (1) minimum time‐integrated altitude (part 1) and (2) minimum flight time (part 2). Each formulation entails non‐linear, two‐dimensional (vertical plane) missile flight dynamics, boundary conditions and path constraints, including pure state constraints. The focus here is on informed use of the tools of computational optimal control, rather than their development. Each of the formulations is solved using a three‐stage approach. In stage 1, the problem is discretized, effectively transforming it into a non‐linear programming problem, and hence suitable for approximate solution DIRCOL and NUDOCCCS. The results are used to discern the structure of the optimal solution, i.e. type of constraints active, time of their activation, switching and jump points. This qualitative
analysis, employing the results of stage 1 and optimal control theory, constitutes stage 2. Finally, in stage 3, the insights of stage 2 are made precise by rigorous mathematical formulation of the relevant two‐point boundary value problems (TPBVPs), using the appropriate theorems of optimal control theory. The TPBVPs are then solved using BNDSCO and the results compared with the appropriate solutions of stage 1. For each formulation (minimum altitude and minimum time) the influence of boundary conditions on the structure of the optimal solution and the performance index is investigated. The results are then interpreted from the operational and computational perspectives. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of new aromatic sulfone ether polyamides containing pendant pentadecyl groups
Authors: Jadhav Arun S. , Vernekar Subhash P. , Maldar Noormahmad N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA series of new polyamides and copolyamides containing aromatic sulfone ether linkages was synthesized from 4,4′‐[sulfonyl‐bis(4,1‐phenyleneoxy‐3‐pentadecyl)]bisphenylamine (SPPBA) and isophthaloyl chloride (IPC), terephthaloyl chloride (TPC), bis(4‐chlorocarbonylphenyl)dimethylsilane (DMSC) and bis(4‐chlorocarbonylphenyl)diphenylsilane (DPSC) by a low‐temperature inter‐facial polymerization technique. SPPBA was prepared from 4,4′‐dichlorodiphenyl sulfone and 4‐amino‐3‐pentadecyl phenol derived from cashew‐nut shell liquid and was characterized by spectral methods and elemental analysis, whereas the polyamides were characterized by solution viscosity, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction and solubility. These polyamides showed enhanced solubility in organic solvents and no weight loss below 405°C in nitrogen. The effect of pendant penladecyl substituents and silicon in the main chain of polyamides on the properties of these polymers was studied by comparing their properties with those of unsubstituted polyamides prepared from 4,4′‐[sulfonylbis(4,1 ‐phenyleneoxy)] bisphenylamine.
Electrical properties of laminated epoxy‐carbon fiber composite
Authors: Jawad S. A. , Ahmad M. , Ramadin Y. , Zihlif A. , Paesano A. , Martuscelli E. , Ragosta G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis work deals with the effect of temperature on the electrical properties of laminated epoxy composites containing 60% by volume of commercial unidirectional carbon fibers. The temperature was varied from 30°C to 120°C and the frequency range was from 10 Hz to 10 kHz. It is found that the impedance decreases with increasing temperature and is inversely proportional to the number of layers in the specimen. The calculated dielectric constants show a strong dependence on the frequency below 100 Hz, and attain relatively constant values for frequencies greater than 100 Hz. The decrease in impedance with increasing number of layers was explained in terms of the existence of electrical contacts and bridges both between and within the fibers, in the carbon fiber layers. The activation energy results indicate that there are two conduction mechanisms in this laminated composite.
The kinetics of dissociation of blocked 2,4‐diisocyanatotoluene (tdi) in amines
Authors: Kamath Prathima , Srinivasan M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of dissociation of blocked diisocyanates based on commercial diisocyanatotoluene (TDI) (80/20 mixture of 2,4‐ and 2,6‐ isomers) in the presence of amino compounds was studied by a volumetric method and Fourier Transform IR (FTIR) spectral data. Second‐order rate constants for the dissociation of TDI adducts (with phenol, thiophenol and p‐chlorophenol) in the presence of amines (dibenzyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl, n‐hexyl and di‐n‐butyl) in cyclohexanone solvent are reported. The relative effects of various blocking agents, basicity of the amines and temperature on the dissociation of blocked TDI have been determined. An FTIR spectroscopic method was used to study the dissociation of blocked TDI (with blocking agents such as phenol, thiophenol, p‐chlorophenol,p‐nitrophenol,p‐cresol, α‐naphthol and resorcinol) in the presence of excess triethylamine and in cyclohexanone solvent. Pseudo‐first‐order rate constants were calculated from NCO concentrations as determined from FTIR spectra.