bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spatial temporal regime of stream flow of the conterminous U.S. in connection with indices of global atmospheric circulation
Authors: Shmagin Boris , Johnston Carol , Bridgham Scott 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLong-term stream flow records (1929-1988) from seventy one U.S. Geological Survey gauging stations with drainage area in range 1000-10000 sq mi were analyzed using multivariate statistics. Factor analysis of average annual flow revealed seven patterns of river runoff within seven distinct regions of the territory. This factor model reflected 69% variance of the initial matrix. The second set of stream flow records (1939-1972) from ninety-seven gauging stations was used as control. This set contains all seventy one from first one and additional stations with shorter observation period. Factor analysis of this expended set again yielded seven factors (69% variance of the initial matrix) with very similar spatial distribution of gauging stations.Every group of watersheds obtained as a factor was presented by one gauging station with time series of annual discharges (1- 05474000, 2- 14321000, 3- 07019000, 4- 0815000, 5- 11186001, 6- 01666000, 7- 06800500) as the most typical for group. For the same time interval, streams represented by all patterns have increasing values (i. e. the positive difference between two time subintervals); but only the positive linear trend for patterns 1 and 7 are statistically significant. For the seven typical flow records, monthly average values were obtained from three to five seasons composed from different ensembles of months. For each annual time series of the typical seven stream flow patterns, regression equations were obtained from indices of global atmospheric circulation (AO, NAO, NPO and AAO). The equations contain from one to five variables (predictors) and have coefficients of correlation from 32% to 73%.
Response Method in Audiometry
Authors: DiGiovanni Jeffrey J. , Repka Jennifer N. 
Published: December 2007

Purpose
This study compared the speed, false-alarm rate, and participant preference of different response methods (raising a hand, pushing a response button, and giving an oral response) for measuring pure-tone thresholds.

Method
Thirty female university students with normal hearing participated. Response method order was randomly assigned to 6 different groups. Air-conduction thresholds were measured twice for each response method for each participant in octave intervals between 250 Hz and 8000 Hz. The 2nd threshold measurements were performed on a different day but within 2 weeks of the initial measurement.

Results
A significant difference was found when comparing the amount of time necessary to complete the test for each response method. On average, it took about 1 min less when using the push-button response than when using hand-raise or verbal response methods. There was also a significant participant preference for using the response button. No significant difference between response method for threshold level and number of false positives was found.

Conclusion
This study supports the use of the response button when measuring auditory thresholds for young adults with normal hearing.
Perceived Hearing Status and Attitudes Toward Noise in Young Adults
Authors: Holmes Alice E. , Widén Stephen E. , Erlandsson Soly , Carver Courtney L. , White Lori L. 
Published: December 2007

PurposeTo estimate the prevalence of perceived hearing loss, tinnitus, and temporary threshold shift (TTS) in community college students and to see whether those students' attitudes toward noise affected their perception of their own possible hearing loss, tinnitus, and TTS.MethodYoung adults (N= 245; age 18–27) completed 3 questionnaires: the Hearing Symptom Description, Youth Attitude to Noise Scale, and Adolescents' Habits and Hearing Protection Use.ResultsPerceived TTS and pain associated with loud noise were the most common hearing related factors, followed by perceived tinnitus and hearing loss. The students' attitudes toward noise in their daily environment showed the most negative response, whereas attitudes toward noise and concentration indicated a more positive, or less harmful, response. Chi-square analysis indicated a significant correlation between perceived hearing loss and respondents' overall attitudes toward noise exposure. Hearing protection use was limited for all participants, with the majority reporting never having used hearing protection.ConclusionApproximately 6% of respondents reported perceived hearing loss, and 13.5% reported prolonged tinnitus. In general, participants had neutral attitudes toward noise. Over 20% of participants reported ear pain, tinnitus, and/or TTS after noise exposure at least sometimes. Coincidentally, few participants reported consistent use of hearing protection.
The Worlds of Frantz Fanon's ‘L’Algérie se dévoile'
Authors: Reid Donald 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Frantz Fanon's pioneering essay ‘L’Algérie se dévoile' is enriched by examining the particular situation of a few exceptional Algerian and French women prominent in Algeria during the War of Independence who are not the focus of Fanon's analysis, individuals like the FLN militant Zohra Drif and General Jacques Massu's wife, Suzanne Massu. They were quite unrepresentative of Algerian or French women in Algeria, but crucial figures in representations of activists in each group. Drif, a gifted student from the social elite, had, like Fanon, been exposed in French cultural institutions to a liberation at once proffered and denied. If there is little place for her experience in Fanon's essay, he does show what we can learn about the contemporary French
mentalité
from assessment of characters inspired by women like Drif in novels about the war. Examination of Suzanne Massu in turn suggests how bourgeois French women empowered in maternalist projects could work to try to impede Algerian women's embrace of national liberation, but not through the putative liberation of women Fanon addresses. The war unveiled a yet more complicated world of imagination and practices than we see in Fanon's essay.
‘Doctrine moult paradoxe et nouvelle’: Linguistic and Medical Innovation in Rabelais's
Tiers Livre
Authors: Steczowicz Agnieszka 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

One hitherto neglected avenue to the study of sixteenth-century paradoxes is through the history of the word. Focusing on Rabelais's use of the adjective
paradoxe
in the
Tiers Livre
(1546), this article proposes to examine the earliest known occurrences of the word in the French language. Why does Rabelais use it for the first time in the
Tiers Livre
, and why are nearly all the occurrences of this term in his work confined to the
Tiers Livre
? Rabelais may have been influenced, as critics have noted, by Ortensio Lando's
Paradossi
, a collection of mock encomia published in Lyon in 1543, and by the anonymous
Paradoxe contre les lettres
(1545), whose authorship has been attributed to Maurice Scève. But he may also, I argue, have drawn on learned Latin and vernacular paradoxes, as exemplified by works of Cicero, Andrea Alciato and Leonhart Fuchs, which were published in Lyon at the time by Sébastien Gryphe and Jean de Tournes. To illustrate the impact that these paradoxes had on Rabelais's thought, I turn to medical paradoxes and follow the traces of one particular medical controversy, regarding suppers and lunches and which should be the lighter of the two meals, in Rabelais's fictional writings.
Mathieu Kassovitz's
La Haine
and the Ambivalence of French–Jewish Identity
Authors: Rose Sven-Erik 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

From the 1995 release of
La Haine
, critics have questioned whether Jewish-French film director Mathieu Kassovitz is ‘authentic enough’ to speak for the ethnic
banlieue
. Yet
La Haine
is preoccupied with this very anxiety. This article examines how the film self-reflexively explores the place of Jewishness in the social crisis it dramatizes.
La Haine
achieves this ‘Jewish’ self-reflexivity primarily through the relationship its arguably most fully realized character, Vinz (a working-class Ashkenazi Jew), entertains to his more visibly ethnic friends Saïd (an Arab) and Hubert (a black African). As Vinz navigates the complicated terrain of adolescent relationships striving to become ‘real’, in other words, ethnic, masculine, authentic, the film also searches for a place for Jewish identity a generation after the ambivalent Jewish encounter with May 1968 and beyond. Vinz's ambivalent locus between, on the one hand, other minority figures with whom he wishes problematically to identify and, on the other, the privilege of whiteness vis-à-vis which he occupies a position of complex and uneasy proximity exemplifies a wider crisis of French Jews on the Left. The article concludes with a discussion of this crisis and how
La Haine
situates itself in the history of post-war Left Jewish politics in France.
Touch, Translation, Witness in Alberto Giacometti,
La Main
,
Le Nez
Authors: Mathews Timothy 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In the period from the late 1930s to the late 1940s, spanning the Second World War, Giacometti embarks on his attempts to represent the human form. He discovers his inability to locate the human form in space. How then can human experience be witnessed? What is at stake in transposing, translating one experience into another? Aesthetic concerns activate moral ones by failing to occupy the same place. This creates an experience of responsibility which arises through engagement with the formal presence of aesthetic artefacts; and also through the act itself of comparison. This essay responds by placing two pieces by Giacometti in a critical vicinity with works by Nancy and Blanchot exploring the failure to locate in touch, on the one hand, and in time, on the other.
Herring and the “Exxon Valdez” oil spill: an investigation into historical data conflicts
Authors: Thorne Richard E. , Thomas Gary L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Thorne, R. E., and Thomas, G. L. 2008. Herring and the "Exxon Valdez" oil spill: an investigation into historical data conflicts. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 44–50. It was generally believed that the 1989 “Exxon Valdez” oil spill did not cause the collapse of the Prince William Sound Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) population because of a 4-year gap between the spill and the collapse. However, we noted in a previous paper that some data suggested an earlier timing for the herring decline. We examine historical patterns of herring spawn, anomalies in historical fisheries model predictions, changes in predation behaviour of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), and a decadal database of acoustic measurements of herring biomass. Behaviour of adult herring makes them especially vulnerable to damage from oil spills, something that was either unknown or misunderstood at the time of the spill. We therefore argue that the start of the herring decline was coincident with the oil spill, and that the decline took place over a 5-year period, rather than the single-year collapse previously reported. Although a comprehensive management approach is now in use for herring, the tools were not in place at the time of the oil spill or the subsequent collapse.
Daytime steady‐state haemoglobin desaturation is a risk factor for overt stroke in children with sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Quinn Charles T. , Sargent James W. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryHaemoglobin (Hb) desaturation could increase the risk of stroke in sickle cell anaemia (SS) by perturbing endothelial function and limiting oxygen delivery to the brain. We performed a nested case–control study of the Dallas Newborn Cohort to determine whether daytime steady‐state Hb desaturation was associated with overt stroke in children with SS. Cases had SS and overt ischaemic strokes. Controls had comparable genotypes but no overt stroke. Cases had lower prestroke steady‐state pulse oximetry values (SpO2) than controls, and cases’ SpO2 fell even lower as the time to impending stroke decreased. The odds ratio for stroke was 1·32 for each 1% decrease in SpO2. In conclusion, steady‐state Hb desaturation is a risk factor for overt ischaemic stroke in children with SS. Decline in SpO2 over time further increases this risk. Hb desaturation is easily measured, potentially modifiable, and could be used to identify children with SS at increased risk of stroke.
Bottom‐up cascading effects in a tritrophic system: interactions between plant quality and host‐parasitoid immune responses
Authors: KARIMZADEH JAVAD , WRIGHT DENIS J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract1. Little is known about underlying mechanisms by which plants indirectly affect parasitism success in hymenopteran endoparasitoids. The hypothesis thathost‐plant effects can challenge the innate immune system of an insect hostwas experimentally tested in this study using a model tritrophic, crucifer – lepidopteran [Plutella xylostella(L.)] – parasitoid [Cotesia plutellae(Kurdjumov)], system.2. The effects of host‐plant suitability on herbivore performance and parasitism were examined. The bottom‐up effect of plant suitability on host‐parasitoid immune responses was then evaluated using measures of cellular and humoral effectors.3. Host‐plant quality showed a significant effect on the encapsulation response ofP. xylostellato first instar but not to second instar parasitoid larvae. Encapsulation was never sufficient to prevent parasitoid emergence.4. Poor host‐plant suitability suppressed phenoloxidase activity in the absence of the parasitoid. The suppressive effect ofC. plutellaeon phenoloxidase activity was much greater and no plant effects were detectable after insects had been parasitized.5. Despite strong plant effects on parasitism, those on immune effectors of the host were transitory or overwhelmed by the effect of the parasitoid.6. These results demonstrated that plant‐mediated variation in parasitism success byC. plutellaewere not as a result of plant nutritional status or other attributes affecting the immune function ofP. xylostella, nor to host‐plant effects on superparasitism.7. In these experiments,P. xylostellawas a fully permissive host toC. plutellaeand host‐plant‐mediated effects on the innate immune response appeared to play no part in parasitoid survival within hosts.
The effect of pH on surface hardness and microstructure of mineral trioxide aggregate
Authors: Namazikhah M. S. , Nekoofar M. H. , Sheykhrezae M. S. , Salariyeh S. , Hayes S. J. , Bryant S. T. , Mohammadi M. M. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAim  To evaluate the surface microhardness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) specimens following exposure of their surface to a range of acidic environments during hydration. In addition, the morphological microstructure features of samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Methodology  White ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN, USA) was mixed and packed into cylindrical polycarbonate tubes. Four groups, each of 10 specimens, were formed using a pressure of 3.22 MPa and exposed to pH 4.4, 5.4, 6.4 and 7.4, respectively, for 4 days. Vickers microhardness of the surface of each specimen was measured after exposure. Four groups of two specimens were prepared and treated in the same way prior to qualitative examination by SEM. Data were subjected to one‐way anova and post hoc Tukey’s test.Result  The greatest mean surface hardness values (53.19 ± 4.124) were observed following exposure to pH 7.4 with the values decreasing to 14.34 ± 6.477 following exposure to pH 4.4. The difference between these values at the 95% CI (33.39–44.30) was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). There were no distinct morphological differences between groups in terms of the internal microstructure. However, a trend was observed that the more acidic the solution, the more extensive the porosity of the specimens.Conclusion  Under the conditions of this study, surface hardness of MTA was impaired in an acidic environment.
Androgen receptor CAG repeats and body composition among Ariaal men
Authors: Campbell Benjamin C. , Gray Peter B. , Eisenberg Dan T. A. , Ellison Peter , Sorenson Michael D. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryTo determine the population variation in the androgen receptor (AR) and its association with body composition in a subsistence population, we sampled 87 settled and 65 nomadic males ages 20+ among the Ariaal of northern Kenya. Anthropometric measures included height, body mass index, fat‐free mass (FFM), upper arm muscle plus bone area (AMPBA), % body fat (%BF), suprailliac skinfold (SISF), and waist‐to‐hip ratio. Salivary testosterone (T) was determined from both morning (Am T) and afternoon (Pm T) samples. Hair roots were obtained for genotyping AR CAG repeat length. AR CAG repeat length did not vary between the two sub‐groups (overall value = 22.6 ± 3.1). Multiple regression models, controlling for age and residence, indicate that Pm T was positively associated with all measures of body composition. AR CAG repeat length was a significant positive predictor of height, FFM, %BF, SISF and waist circumference. There was a significant negative Pm T by AR CAG repeat length interaction in predicting all anthropometric measures but AMPBA. These findings provide evidence for population variation in AR CAG repeat length and suggest that both T and AR CAG length play a role in body composition in this extremely lean population.
Preliminary characterisation of peach cultivars for their antioxidant capacity
Authors: Tavarini Silvia , Degl’Innocenti Elena , Remorini Damiano , Massai Rossano , Guidi Lucia 
Published: December 2007

SummaryEleven peach cultivars (white‐ and yellow‐flesh peaches, nectarines and canning clingstone peaches) were assayed for their antioxidant capacity and their content of some important organic compounds as well as vitamin C, carotenoids and phenols. Antioxidant capacity, determined by FRAP assay, varied between genotypes. Those with the highest value of Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) were Federica and Springcrest. Antioxidant capacity was correlated to the amount of organic components with significant differences among the cultivars. In some case, antioxidant capacity was related to phenol content, as in yellow–flesh peaches. These results suggest the importance of genotype for determining antioxidant capacity, which, in turn, is related to the organic constituents, such as phenols, vitamin C and carotenoids.
Prognostication of tempering time in wheat conditioning by dielectric heating
Authors: Krasteva Ana , Petrova Nadezhda , Aljoshev Peter 
Published: December 2007

SummaryFrom the investigations done concerning the change of the basic milling indices in wheat conditioning by dielectric heating it has been established that the hectolitre weight in wheat variety with 32%, 52% and 84% of vitreousness decreases up to the third hour for the first two wheat varieties and to the fourth hour for the third variety, after which the values were constant. The index of wheat vitreousness increases to the second hour for the low‐vitreous wheat variety, to the fourth hour for the medium‐vitreous wheat variety and to the fifth hour in the highly vitreous wheat variety. After these hours, the vitreous values were constant. The dependence between tempering time and the indices of vitreousness and hectolitre weight in wheat conditioning by dielectric heating has been investigated. From the regression equations that were obtained, it is possible to prognosticate the tempering time by pre‐setting values of the indices at the vitreousness and their respective moistures that were studied.
An evaluation of the retention of quality characteristics in fresh and freeze‐dried alpine strawberries
Authors: Yurdugül Seyhun 
Published: December 2007

SummaryAlpine strawberries (Fragaria vesca) are used in fruit juice, marmalade, or jam production and as a result have economical importance in food sector. The fresh alpine strawberries have a tendency to lose their quality in a few days as a result of high water loss and spoilage. In this paper, the results of a study on the effects of freeze drying process on the characteristics of the alpine strawberries, such as firmness, sugar content, pH, colour, weight loss, dissolved solids, anthocyanin and vitamin C content with reference to the fresh, are reported. Freeze‐drying indicated no difference in the characteristics of the alpine strawberries when compared with the fresh. It is found that a slight acid or base addition onto the rehydrated alpine strawberry juice preserved the stability of pigments and the colour. In addition, the rehydrated alpine strawberry juice exhibited an antimicrobial activity towards an important foodborne pathogen, Enterobacter faecium ATCC 6057.
Process development of a chocolate‐flavoured peanut–soy beverage
Authors: Deshpande Rashmi P. , Chinnan Manjeet S. , Phillips Robert D. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA new beverage product was developed utilising two protein‐rich oilseed sources, namely peanut and soy. Medium‐roasted peanut flour and chocolate flavour were incorporated to offer pleasant flavour profile. The peanut–soy combination would also improve essential amino acid profile, especially that of lysine, compared with an all‐peanut product. A pilot‐plant scale beverage‐processing protocol involved filtration, homogenisation and pasteurisation as the major operating steps. Beverage formulation employed a three‐component constrained mixture design. The low‐ and high‐bound constraints were determined for peanut (30.6–58.7%), soy (28.3–43.5%) and chocolate syrup (13.0–25.9%) based on lysine content, viscosity and visual stability index values of 51‐mg g−1 protein, 36.9 mPa s and 1.00, respectively. The beverage formulation and processing protocol thus developed were the basis for further study on consumer acceptability of the new chocolate‐flavoured peanut–soy beverage.
Thermodynamic properties of moisture desorption of raw pinhão (Araucaria angustifolia seeds)
Authors: Cladera‐Olivera Florencia , Pettermann Ana Carolina , Noreña Caciano Pelayo Zapata , Wada Keiko , Marczak Ligia Damasceno Ferreira 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe seeds of Araucaria angustifolia, named pinhão, are consumed in the south and southeast of Brazil. They are big in size and have high nutritious value. The literature about technological aspects of pinhão is very scarce and there are no reports about moisture sorption models. In this work, moisture desorption isotherms of raw pinhão were determined at 15, 25, 30 and 40 °C. Results show that temperature has little effect on the sorption behaviour and the Chirife model was found to best represent the experimental data. The isosteric heat of sorption (differential enthalpy) was calculated through direct use of moisture desorption isotherm by applying the Clausius‐Clapeyron equation. The differential enthalpy of desorption decreased with increasing moisture content. The enthalpy–entropy compensation theory was applied to desorption isotherms and plots of differential enthalpy vs. differential entropy for pinhão provided the isokinetic temperature, indicating an enthalpy‐controlled desorption process.