bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Health and Use of Dental Services Among Hispanics
Authors: Stewart Denice C. L. , Ortega Alexander N. , Dausey David , Rosenheck Robert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: This study examined factors related to oral health and dental service use among Mexican‐Americans, Cuban‐Americans, and Puerto Ricans from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982–84 (HHANES). Methods: Categorical measures of oral health were created: (1) perceived oral health status, (2) evaluated oral health status, (3) decayed permanent teeth, (4) teeth missing due to caries, (5) total permanent teeth present, and (6) periodontal classification. The effects of acculturation, education, dental insurance, and perceived condition of teeth and gums on dental service use in the past two and five years were examined using logistic regression. All analyses were performed separately for each of the three samples using SAS‐callable SUDDAN. Results: Dental insurance and education were the most important factors in determining use of dental cleanings and use of dental care. For Mexican‐Americans, Cuban‐Americans, and Puerto Ricans, acculturation was a factor in determining use of dental care in the past five years. Conclusions: While dental insurance and education appear to be the most important factors for determining both use of dental cleaning services and use of dental care in all three samples, acculturation also had some impact for determining use of dental care.
Periodontitis in the United States: Beyond Black and White
Authors: Borrell Luisa N. , Burt Brian A. , Gillespie Brenda W. , Lynch John , Neighbors Harold 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: This paper examines whether historical disparities in periodontal status between African Americans and whites in the United States have increased, decreased, or remained the same over the 15‐year period between the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANESI,1971–74) and the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–94). Methods: This study compared the magnitude of the relative and absolute differences in the periodontal status of African‐American and white adults in NHANES I and again in NHANES III. Results: The prevalence of periodontitis in the US adult population in NHANES I was 31.6 percent, with African Americans exhibiting higher prevalence than whites. In NHANES Ill, using a different case‐definition for periodontitis, the overall prevalence was 11.9 percent, with African Americans again exhibiting higher prevalence than whites. The magnitude of the intrasurvey relative and absolute differences between African Americans and whites increased between NHANES I and NHANES III. This finding remained after adjustment in the logistic regression analyses. After adjustment for all covariates in the model, African Americans were more likely to exhibit periodontitis than whites in both NHANES I (odds ratio [OR]=1.31; 95% confidence intervals [CI]=.78, 2.19) and NHANES Ill (OR=2.09; 95% CI=1.68, 2.60). However, the CI included 1.00 in NHANES 1. Conclusions: Disparities in pendontitis between African Americans and whites are pervasive and have increased over time. This increase appears to be driven by social, cultural, and behavioral factors.
Dental Caries in the Primary Dentition: Assessing Prevalence of Cavitated and Noncavitated Lesions
Authors: Warren John J. , Levy Steven An. , Kanellis Michael J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground: Dental caries in the primary dentition has received renewed attention in recent years because caries in the primary dentition is predictive of later canes experience, and because of efforts to address early childhood caries. More detailed caries diagnostic criteria have been developed and used for the permanent teeth; however, such criteria have not been widely adopted for caries diagnosis in the primary dentition. Methods: As part of the Iowa Fluoride Study, caries diagnostic criteria were developed specifically for the primary teeth. The criteria included noncavitated (d1) lesions and cavitated (d2–3) lesions. Examinations were conducted on 698 children in the primary dentition by two trained examiners who did duplicate examinations on 11 percent (n=67) of these children. Results: Interexaminer agreement for any dl and any d2–3 lesions at the person level was 100 percent. At the tooth level for d1d2–3 there was 98.5 percent agreement and kappa was .91. For d1 at the tooth level, agreement was 97.0 percent agreement and kappa=.24. For d2–3 it was 99.4 percent agreement and kappa=.81. Prevalence of untreated d2–3 was 16.5 percent, while that of d1 was 24.1 percent. Nearly 73 percent had no d2–3 or filled surfaces, while over 63 percent had no (d1, d2–3, or filled surfaces. Decay experience was most common on the primary second molars. About 56 percent of untreated d2–3 decay was located in the pits and fissures, while 58 percent of d1 decay was located on smooth surfaces. Conclusion: Despite some concern with reliability of diagnosing dl lesions, it appears that the d1d 2–3 criteria are informative and useful in assessing the primary dentition.
Validation of Self‐reported Periodontal Measures Among Health Professionals
Authors: Joshipura Kaumudi J. , Pitiphat Waranuch , Douglass Chester W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to determine the validity of self‐reported periodontal measures among nondentist health professionals. Valid self‐reported measures could provide a time‐ and cost‐efficient alternative for large epidemiologic studies. Methods: A subsample of 212 male nondenfists sampled on the basis of their reported periodontal severity from the Health Professional Follow‐up Study (HPFS) provided dental radiographs and completed questionnaires assessing self‐reported oral health. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated from the radiographs at 32 posterior sites and used as the standard measure of cumulative periodontal disease. Results: The self‐reported ordinal periodontal measure had a linear relationship with mean radiographic bone loss (r=.61). The positive and negative predictive values of the dichotomized self‐reported periodontal measures were 83 percent and 69 percent. Self‐reported history of periodontal surgery was also a good surrogate for bone loss (predjctjve value positive 78 percent and negative 71 percent). Conclusions: Self‐reports can provide discrimination and ranking information of cumulative periodontal disease among health professionals and can be used to provide valid results in etiologic studies in health professionals' populations.
Validation of Self‐reported Oral Health Measures
Authors: Pitiphat Waranuch , Garcia Raul I. , Douglass Chester W. , Joshipura Kaumudi J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: To assess the validity of self‐reported oral disease and health care measures in two populations. Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted among a subsample of participants in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study (VADLS) asking them about periodontal disease status and treatment. Radiographic alveolar bone loss evaluated at all the interproximal sites was used as the standard. A separate study was carried out among first‐time patients at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine (HSDM) student clinic. Self‐reported measures were obtained by a self‐administered questionnaire and compared with clinical and radiograph examinations. The measures used were based on published work that demonstrated good validity of self‐reported periodontal measures among health professionals. Results: Among 145 VADLS participants, self‐reports of periodontal disease showed a good specificity (59.8%‐90.7%), but low sensitivity (17.7%‐64.7%). Among 58 HSDM patients, the self‐reported numbers of remaining teeth, fillings, root canal therapy, and prosthesis were strongly correlated with clinical records (r=0.74‐1.0); self‐report was less accurate for measures of periodontal disease (r=0.56) and decayed teeth (k=0.47). Conclusions: Self‐reports provide reasonably valid estimates for numbers of remaining teeth, fillings, root canal therapy, and fixed and removable prostheses. However, they appear to be less useful for the assessment of dental caries and periodontal disease in the two populations we have studied. There remains a need and potential to further develop self‐report oral health measures that are valid for use in large population studies. Such self‐report measures would yield great cost and time savings.
The Association Between Viadent® Use and Oral Leukoplakia—Results of a Matched Case‐control Study
Authors: Mascarenhas Ana Karina , Allen Carl M. , Moeschberger Melvin L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: Several oral pathologists have described oral leukoplakia of the maxillary vestibule in patients with no traditional risk factors for the condition. On questioning these patients, it was determined that Viadent® mouthrinse or Viadent® toothpaste was commonly used by them. A hypothesis was developed that Viadent® or a component of Viadent® caused the lesions. This paper evaluates the association between oral leukoplakia and use of Viadent® products. Methods: A matched case‐control study was designed to test the hypothesis that use of Viadent® products increases an individual's risk of oral leukoplakia. Cases included 58 patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia identified through the biopsy service at the Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, Oral Pathology Section. The matched control was a friend or relative of the patient. Cases and controls were administered a questionnaire about their use of Viadent®, and other known risk factors for leukoplakia such as tobacco and excessive alcohol use. Results: An age difference was seen between cases and controls, the cases being older (P<.001). After controlling for confounding factors, results of exact conditional logistic regression analyses showed that use of Viadent® products was a risk indicator for oral leukoplakia (odds ratio= 10.0; 95% confidence interval=2.0, 89.2). Conclusions: Viadent® use is a risk indicator for oral leukoplakia, confirming our previous findings.
Comparison of Two Methods of Estimating 48‐month Tooth Loss Incidence
Authors: Gilbert Gregg H. , Chavers L. Scott , Shelton Brent J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: This paper quantifies validity of self‐reported tooth loss, compares incidence using two methods (semiannual self‐report, biannual clinical examination), and compares conclusions about risk factors for tooth loss using these two methods. Methods: The Florida Dental Care Study included persons who at baseline had at least one tooth. in‐person interviews and clinical examinations were conducted at baseline, 24 months, and 48 months, with semiannual telephone interviews in between. Results: Agreement between self‐reported and clinically derived tooth loss was high, although some statistically significant differences by certain baseline characteristics were evident. On a nominal scale (some tooth loss, none), kappa was 0.88 and percent concordance was 94 percent. On a ratio scale, Spearman's correlation was 0.90. Using self‐report, the incidence estimate would have been 34 percent, as compared to 36 percent based on clinical examination. In a single bivariate (loss by self‐report, loss by clinical examination) multiple logistic regression, conclusions about statistical significance and magnitude of seven risk factors for tooth loss did not differ. Conclusions: Validity of self‐reported incidence was excellent. The self‐reported method allowed for semiannual estimates and was less resource intensive. Substantive conclusions about tooth loss using either method were similar, although validity did differ between persons with certain baseline characteristics.
Fluctuations in Public Water Fluoride Level in Bauru, Brazil
Authors: Buzalaf Marilia A. R. , Granjeiro José M. , Damante Carla A. , Ornelas Flávia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to monitor the quality of public water supply fluoridation in Bauru, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Water samples collected three times a week during four weeks in 20 areas of distribution of water were supplied by the City Water Department of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. fluoride was analyzed using the ion‐specific electrode (Orion model 9409) after sample buffering with an equal volume of TISAB II. Data were compared to fluoride concentration reported by City Water Department. Results: Fluoride content ranged between 0.01 ppm and 9.35 ppm (n=240). There was great variation among the different areas of distribution of water, as showed by the Levene test (P<0.01). Kruskal‐Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference in mean fluoride concentration among different areas (P<.001). Mean fluoride concentration was less than the optimum concentration (0.8 ppm) in 89 percent of samples. The values reported by the City Water Department were always higher than the analyzed fluoride concentrations. Conclusions: Based on the results from this study, more rigorous surveillance and monitoring of water fluoridation in Bauru is recommended.
Factors Influencing the Effect of Race on Established Periodontitis Prevalence
Authors: Borrell Luisa N. , Taylor George W. , Borgnakke Wenche S. , Nyquist Linda V. , Woolfolk Marilyn W. , Allen Doris J. , Lang W. Paul 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Objective: This paper identifies differences in prevalence of established periodontitis and evaluates factors that might explain the differences between non‐Hispanic African Americans (n=232) and whites (n=199) in the Detroit tricounty area. Methods: Subjects from a disproportionate probability sample of community‐dwelling adults were interviewed regarding demographic, psychosocial and enabling factors, dental health‐related behaviors, and other risk factors, and had comprehensive in‐home dental examinations. Results: The overall prevalence of established periodontitis was 20.8 percent; African Americans exhibited a significantly higher prevalence than whites (29.8% vs 17.7%). The crude association between race and prevalence of established periodontitis was significant (odds ratio [OR]for African Americans=1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.17,3.34). After controlling for other covariates, we found the effect of race may be modified by dental checkup visit frequency: African Americans with dental checkups at least once a year had almost a fourfold higher odds of established periodontitis (OR=3.64;95% CI=1.43,9.24) than their white counterparts with dental checkups at least once a year (the referent group); while African Americans with a dental checkups once every two years or less often were more than fourfold less likely to have established periodontitis (OR=0.22; 95%CI=0.08, 0.59) than their white counterparts in the referent group. Conclusions: This analysis supports the disparity in periodontal health as part of the black: white health disparity when taking other factors into account. However, periodontal health disparities may be more complex than previously recognized, requiring greater understanding of factors related to dental care utilization in future studies evaluating this disparity.
The Association of Early Childhood Caries and Race/Ethnicity among California Preschool Children
Authors: Shiboski Caroline H. , Gansky Stuart A. , Ramos‐Gomez Francisco , Ngo Long , Isman Robert , Pollick Howard F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: This paper explores the role of race/ethnicity in the occurrence of early childhood caries (ECC) among California Head Start (HS) and non‐HS preschool children. Methods: Using oral examination and questionnaire data from the 1993‐94 California Oral Health Needs Assessment of Children, we computed the prevalence of ECC using various definitions and fitted logistic regression models to explore the effect of race/ethnicity on ECC, separately for HS and non‐HS children, adjusting for bedtime feeding habits and other covariates. Results: Among 2,520 children, the largest proportion with a history of falling asleep sipping milk/sweet substance was among Latinos/Hispanics (72% among HS and 65% among non‐HS) and HS Asians (56%). HS Asians and Latinos/Hispanics had the largest prevalence of ECC (30%‐33%) and untreated caries (49%‐54%). The estimated risk for ECC was more than three times higher in HS Asians compared to HS whites and among non‐HS African Americans and Asians compared to non‐HS whites controlling for socioeconomic status variables. The risk of ECC was also significantly higher among children who fell asleep while sipping milk or any sweet substance compared to those who did not. Conclusion: Studies of the cultural/behavioral patterns that may be specific to ethnic subgroups with the highest risk for ECC seem essential to the development of effective prevention strategies.
Oral Health Care Utilization by US Rural Residents, National Health Interview Survey 1999
Authors: Vargas Clemencia M. , Dye Bruce A. , Hayes Kathy 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To compare the dental care utilization practices of rural and urban residents in the United States. Methods: Data on dental care utilization from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey for persons 2 years of age and older (n=42,139) were analyzed by rural/urban status. Percentages and 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated to produce national estimates for having had a visit in the past year, the number of visits, reasons given for last dental visit and for not visiting a dentist, unmet dental needs, and private dental insurance. Results: Rural residents were more likely to report that their last dental visit was because something was “bothering or hurting” (23.3% vs 17.6%) and that they had unmet dental needs (10.1% vs 7.5%). Urban residents were more likely to report having a dental visit in the past year (57.7% vs 66.5%) and having private dental insurance (32.7% vs 37.2%), compared to rural residents. There were no significant differences in most reasons given for not visiting the dentist between rural and urban respondents. Conclusion: Dental care utilization characteristics differ between rural and urban residents in the United States, with rural residents tending to underutilize dental care.
Socioeconomic and Demographic Disparities in Symptoms of Orofacial Pain
Authors: Riley Joseph L , Gilbert Gregg H. , Heft Marc W. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to document the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence and impact of orofacial pain by anatomical location. In addition, differential effects of SES on orofacial pain across levels of sex, race, and age were documented. Methods: The subjects were 724 participants in the Florida Dental Care Study, a study of oral health among dentate adults, aged 45 years and older at baseline. Pain prevalence and subjective ratings were assessed for a range of orofacial pain sites using a standardized telephone interview. Results: Lower SES was associated with reporting pain and pain impact at many, but not all, of the orofacial sites. Some sex, race, and age cohort differences in orofacial pain were found when adjusting for differences in socioeconomic position. The most consistent result, as evidenced by similar findings across orofacial pain sites, was that the effects of SES on orofacial pain appear to have a sex‐differentiated effect. Conclusion: Consistent with findings for other subjective measures of oral health, persons of lower SES are at increased risk for orofacial pain and pain‐related behavioral impact.
Updated Comparison of the Caries Susceptibility of Various Morphological Types of Permanent Teeth
Authors: Macek Mark D. , Beltran‐Aguilar Eugenio D. , Lockwood Stuart A. , Malvitz Dolores M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn 1941, Klein and Palmer published a landmark study that ranked the relative susceptibility to dental caries of various morphological tooth types. Specifically, Klein and Palmer used a four‐step approach, which included derivation of: (1) an eruption schedule; (2) posteruptive tooth age; (3) cumulative number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth and cumulative posteruptive tooth age; and (4) relative susceptibility values. Their study was conducted when dental caries prevalence and severity were generally high in the United States, prior to the introduction of preventive measures such as fluoride and dental sealants. This investigation used more recent data to assess whether declines in dental caries prevalence over time have been accompanied by changes in the relative susceptibility of permanent tooth types. Methods: The data source for this investigation was the oral examination component of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This investigation used analytical methods to derive the relative susceptibility values that were identical with those used during the Klein and Palmer study. Full sample weights were used with SUDAAN so that the descriptive estimates would be representative of the US population. Analysis was limited to children aged 4 through 20 years. Results: The investigation found six categories of susceptibility, with molars being more susceptible than incisors, canines, or premolars. In general, susceptibility values declined since the Klein and Palmer study, providing additional evidence for a caries decline in the United States. First and second molar susceptibility values from the NHANES III data, however, intersected with those of Klein and Palmer, suggesting that factors specific to the molars, such as the selective use of dental sealants on these teeth, might be playing an additional role. Conclusions: Future research should explore factors that might explain the changes in relative susceptibility values over time.