bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving into a Rotating Frame of Reference, the Taylor–Proudman Theorem, and the Formation of Taylor Columns
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss some of the simplest, but fundamental, consequences of imposing a strong background rotation on a fluid. The topics covered include the Coriolis force, the Rossby and Ekman numbers, geostrophic force balances, the Taylor–Proudman theorem, Taylor columns, and the hidden role of waves in forming Taylor columns. The emphasis throughout is on developing simple (but important) physical ideas with the minimum of mathematical detail. Many of these concepts are surprisingly subtle, especially the notion of quasi-geostrophic flow and of the importance of inertial waves in the formation of Taylor columns and other quasi-geostrophic structures.
Convective Motion in the Earth’s Core and the Geodynamo
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Convection within the earth’s fluid core is of crucial importance as it helps support the terrestrial magnetic field against the natural forces of decay. This chapter starts by reviewing what we know about core convection, much of it gleaned from numerical simulations. Following a brief guide to Maxwell’s equations, and to dynamo theory, the relationship between core convection and the terrestrial magnetic field is discussed. The chapter concludes with some speculative comments about reversals of the earth’s magnetic field. Despite intensive research for over half a century, our understanding of planetary dynamos is still poor, with little in the way of a predictive model.
Simone Weil: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Rozelle-Stone A. Rebecca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This volume provides an overview of the provocative life and ideas of 20th-century French philosopher, mystic, and social activist Simone Weil. Although she died at 34 years of age, the breadth, poignancy, and prescience of Weil’s philosophy—on topics such as dignified work, the importance of attention, authentic religiosity, the meaning of justice, the self’s tendency to ‘fill the void’ in times of suffering, the contagious nature of violence, and the need to respect the world’s limits—has much to offer us today. In keeping with her spirit to consider and address lay people, this volume takes readers, including those who have had little or no previous exposure to Weil or philosophy, on an accessible journey of Weil’s major philosophical impacts. This exploration consists of seven chapters highlighting: her life and manner of death, both characterized by attention; the influence of ancient Greek ideas on her philosophy; her thoughts on labour and politics; her unique and ecumenical religious inspirations, stemming from Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Taoism; her ethical philosophy centred on a specific notion of attentiveness; her understanding of beauty as connected to fragility but also eternity; and finally, her legacy and influence on contemporary writers and issues, particularly as she may help us navigate and critically assess the growing convergence between religious fervour, late capitalist and corporate values, and authoritarian politics.
The people of the Gulag
Authors: Barenberg Alan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the prisoner and exile population of the Stalinist Gulag, which was remarkably diverse in terms of gender, class, and national identity. It argues that the categorization of prisoners and exiles led to significant differences in what inmates experienced. Those held in prisons and camps were convicted of a wide range of crimes, from petty theft to official corruption to terrorism, and broadly represented the religious, linguistic, and national diversity of the Soviet empire. Prisoners and exiles came from a wide range of social backgrounds, from the poorest peasantry to the highest ranks of the Soviet elite. Although the camps held significantly more men than women, in exile women outnumbered men. This chapter will also briefly examine Gulag “perpetrators” such as guards and bosses, investigating their backgrounds and the degree to which they were motivated by ideology or were “ordinary” Soviet men and women.
Recent history and future trends in host–plant resistance
Authors: Stout Michael J , Bernaola Lina , Acevedo Flor 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Host–plant resistance (HPR) is a subdiscipline in entomology that aims to understand, develop, and deploy crop varieties resistant to arthropod herbivores. The seminal figure in HPR was Reginald Painter, whose 1951 monograph Insect Resistance in Crop Plants established a conceptual framework and methodological approach for applied research on plant resistance. In the 75 years since the publication of this book, the empirical and multidisciplinary approach established by Painter has led to the development and use of hundreds of arthropod-resistant crop varieties. Much of the success of HPR research has been, and will continue to be, tied to advances in scientific disciplines related to HPR, such as plant breeding and genetics, analytical chemistry, and plant–insect interactions. However, given the challenges facing agriculture and pest management over the coming decades, increased attention will need to be given to the deployment of resistant varieties and the integration of resistant varieties into integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Recent advances in our understanding of fundamental aspects of the interactions between plants and herbivores provide insights that can facilitate the increased use of plant resistance in IPM programs, and the diverse membership of the Entomological Society of America can play a critical role by increasing communication between scientists interested in applied and fundamental aspects of plant resistance to insects.
Rights against the world
Authors: Sreenivasan Gopal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
For philosophers, rights against the world are equivalent to rights in rem. Contrary to what Hart thought, however, this does not make them equivalent to general rights. Rights in rem contrast with rights in personam, whereas general rights contrast with special rights. As I explain, rights against the world can be either general rights or special rights. My explanation follows Waldron’s strategy of exhibiting property rights as justified by Locke’s theory of property as a case of rights in rem that are also special rights. Moreover, despite what ‘in rem’ means in Latin, rights against the world include more than property rights. For example, they also include moral human rights. With moral human rights and property rights alike, the correlative duties are borne by ‘everyone’, understood in a dynamic sense I undertake to specify.
Pairing a bioinformatics-focused course-based undergraduate research experience with specifications grading in an introductory biology classroom
Authors: Yang Melinda A , Korsnack Kylie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introducing bioinformatics-focused concepts and skills in a biology classroom is difficult, especially in introductory biology classrooms. Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) facilitate this process, introducing genomics and bioinformatics through authentic research experiences, but the many learning objectives needed in scientific research and communication, foundational biology concepts, and bioinformatics-focused concepts and skills can make the process challenging. Here, the pairing of specifications grading with a bioinformatics-focused CURE developed by the Genomics Education Partnership is described. The study examines how the course structure with specifications grading facilitated scaffolding of writing assignments, group work, and metacognitive activities; and describes the synergies between CUREs and specifications grading. CUREs require mastery of related concepts and skills for working through the research process, utilize common research practices of revision and iteration, and encourage a growth mindset to learning—all of which are heavily incentivized in assessment practices focused on specifications grading.
Social Workers’ Professional Failures as Perceived by Welfare Bureau Managers within Arab Society in Israel
Authors: Mahajne Ibrahim , Allassad Alhuzail Nuzha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Social workers’ professional failures are considered inevitable occurrences. However, virtually all research on professional failure management relates to the healthcare field. The scant literature on professional failure does not give much weight to the profound implications of context on professional functioning. This pioneer study illustrates how important it is to consider the context to understand the daily workplace occurrence of social workers’ professional failures. The research traced social workers’ professional failures as perceived by welfare bureaus managers. A phenomenological approach elicited data from semi-structured in-depth interviews with twenty Arab welfare bureaus managers in Israel. Findings indicated that the managers encountered a lot of ‘minor’ individual and collective failures in different dimensions, and understood failure as a transient episode, mostly trivial and understandable. The main criterion for failure was damage attributed to a particular intervention. Responsibility for failure was not usually seen as stemming from the social workers’ faulty professional-ethical considerations, rather it was attributed to factors associated with the establishment: lack of appropriate resources and non-culture-sensitive policies. Managers coped creatively with what they defined as failures, preserving their profession’s inalienable assets with a ‘non-confrontational’ policy while ensuring individual learning from the failure, to prevent future repetition.
Serum myostatin as a candidate disease severity and progression biomarker of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: de Albuquerque Ana Letícia Amorim , Chadanowicz Júlia Kersting , Giudicelli Giovanna Câmara , Staub Ana Lucia Portella , Weber Arthur Carpeggiani , Silva Jordana Miranda De Souza , Becker Michele Michelin , Kowalski Thayne Woycinck , Siebert Marina , Saute Jonas Alex Morales 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The identification of biomarkers for spinal muscular atrophy is crucial for predicting disease progression, severity, and response to new disease-modifying therapies. This study aimed to investigate the role of serum levels of myostatin and follistatin as biomarkers for spinal muscular atrophy, considering muscle atrophy secondary to denervation as the main clinical manifestation of the disease. The study evaluated the differential gene expression of myostatin and follistatin in a lesional model of gastrocnemius denervation in mice, as well as in a meta-analysis of three datasets in transgenic mice models of spinal muscular atrophy, and in two studies involving humans with spinal muscular atrophy. Subsequently, a case-control study involving 27 spinal muscular atrophy patients and 27 controls was conducted, followed by a 12-month cohort study with 25 spinal muscular atrophy cases. Serum levels of myostatin and follistatin were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at a single centre in southern Brazil. Skeletal muscle gene expression of myostatin decreased and of follistatin increased following lesional muscle denervation in mice, consistent with findings in the spinal muscular atrophy transgenic mice meta-analysis and in the iliopsoas muscle of five patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1. Median serum myostatin levels were significantly lower in spinal muscular atrophy patients (98 pg/mL; 5–157) compared to controls (412 pg/mL; 299–730) (P &lt; 0.001). Lower myostatin levels were associated with greater disease severity based on clinician-rated outcomes (Rho = 0.493–0.812; P &lt; 0.05). After 12 months, there was a further reduction in myostatin levels among spinal muscular atrophy cases (P = 0.021). Follistatin levels did not differ between cases and controls, and no significant changes were observed over time. The follistatin:myostatin ratio was significantly increased in spinal muscular atrophy subjects and inversely correlated with motor severity. Serum myostatin levels show promise as a novel biomarker for evaluating the severity and progression of spinal muscular atrophy. The decrease in myostatin levels and the subsequent favourable environment for muscle growth may be attributed to denervation caused by motor neuron dysfunction.
Battle between ‘Long’ and ‘Short’ Videos: Fragmented Uses, Diversified Purposes, and the Evolution of China’s Copyright Limitation Rules in the AI Era
Authors: Xie Qingchuan , He Tianxiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, particularly the deployment of generative AI in the creation of short videos, has exposed the anachronistic and incomplete nature of the copyright limitations and exceptions (L&E) within the Copyright Law of China. The US jurisprudential approach, characterized by the four-factor fair use analysis and the doctrine of transformative use, has been embraced in China by courts as ‘general legal principles’. These principles have been localized within the restrictive framework of the Berne Convention’s three-step test. However, the application of these principles to China’s burgeoning AI and AI-generated content industry, exemplified by the short video sector, reveals a complex landscape. The purposes behind the utilization of copyrighted works are multifaceted, and the intense rivalry between ‘long’ and ‘short’ videos that represent established and emerging giant Internet platform enterprises further muddies the waters in the application of the American ‘purpose transformation’ concept. A better alternative would be to seek guidance from the Copyright Law of Japan. By grounding decisions in pre-existing, enumerated copyright exceptions, systematically categorizing L&E scenarios, and delineating key considerations for various categories, the judiciary can be steered towards a more nuanced and equitable resolution of individual cases and strike a balance between the interest of copyright holders, Internet users, and the emerging Internet platform enterprises.
Prediction of poor exposure in endoscopic mitral valve surgery using computed tomography
Authors: Jung Yochun , van Kuijk Sander M J , Gietema Hester , Maessen Jos G , Sardari Nia Peyman 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In endoscopic mitral valve surgery, optimal exposure is crucial. This study aims to develop a predictive model for poor mitral valve exposure in endoscopic surgery, utilizing preoperative body profiles and computed tomography images.

METHODS
We enrolled patients undergoing endoscopic mitral valve surgery with available operative video and preoperative computed tomography. The degree of valve exposure was graded into 0 (excellent), 1 (fair), 2 (poor) and 3 (very poor). Intrathoracic dimensions–anteroposterior width (chest anteroposterior) and left-to-right width (chest width) of the thorax, height of right hemi-thorax (chest height), angle between the left ventricular axis and the horizontal plane (left ventricle apex angle), heart width, level of diaphragm in midline, and vertical distance between the midline diaphragm level and the highest top of the right diaphragm (Δdiaphragm) were measured.

RESULTS
Among 263 patients, mitral valve exposure was graded as 0 in 131 (49.8%), 1 in 72 (27.4%), 2 in 46 (17.5%) and 3 in 14 (5.3%). Body mass index, chest width, left ventricle apex angle, heart width and Δdiaphragm were identified as independent predictors of grades 2 and 3 exposure by stepwise logistic regression analysis, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.822 (P &lt; 0.001). Univariate logistic regression for grade 3 exposure prediction revealed that Δdiaphragm had the largest area under the curve (0.826, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Poor mitral valve exposure occurred in approximately one-fourth of the endoscopic surgery series and might be predicted preoperatively using body mass index and computed tomography measurements to help determine the surgical approach.
Daily Rumination Among Older Men and Women: The Role of Perceived Family and Nonfamily Social Partner Life Stress
Authors: Birditt Kira S , Newton Nicky J , Turkelson Angela , Polenick Courtney A , Zhou Zexi , Fingerman Karen L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Women tend to ruminate more than men, and are generally more hypervigilant to the emotions of others in order to maintain positive social ties. Thus, compared to men, women may ruminate more when their social partners have greater life stresses. However, the literature on stressful events typically focuses on individuals’ experiences and perceptions of stressors experienced by specific social ties such as spousal partners and adult children. The purpose of this study was to examine links between perceptions of a broad array of family and nonfamily social partner stresses and daily rumination among older men and women.

Methods
Adults aged 65 and older (N = 293, 55% women) completed baseline assessments of family and nonfamily life stressors and 5–6 consecutive nightly assessments regarding rumination, interpersonal tensions, worries, and support provision.

Results
Multilevel structural equation models revealed that perceptions of greater family and nonfamily life stressors were associated with greater rumination. The links between family stress and rumination varied by gender: family stress was related to greater rumination among women and not men. Moreover, among women, family and nonfamily stress–rumination links were accounted for by greater daily worries about others, and among men, the nonfamily stress–rumination link was due to greater interpersonal tensions as well as daily worries.

Discussion
These findings may be due in part to gender role socialization and women’s greater kin-keeping and investment in family ties.
The Annual Wellness Visit Health Risk Assessment: Potential of Patient Portal-Based Completion and Patient-Oriented Education and Support
Authors: Powell Danielle S , Wu Mingche M J , Nothelle Stephanie , Gleason Kelly , Oh Esther , Lum Hillary D , Reed Nicholas S , Wolff Jennifer L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Patient portals are secure online platforms that allow patients to perform electronic health management tasks and engage in bidirectional information exchange with their care team. Some health systems administer Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) health risk assessments through the patient portal. Scalable opportunities from portal-based administration of risk assessments are not well understood. Our objective is 2-fold—to understand who receives vs misses an AWV and health risk assessment and explore who might be missed with portal-based administration.

Research Design and Methods
This is an observational study of electronic medical record and patient portal data (10/03/2021–10/02/2022) for 12 756 primary care patients 66+ years from a large academic health system.

Results
Two-thirds (n = 8420) of older primary care patients incurred an AWV; 81.0% of whom were active portal users. Older adults who were active portal users were more likely to incur AWV than those who were not, though portal use was high in both groups (81.0% with AWV vs 76.8% without; p &lt; .001). Frequently affirmative health risk assessment categories included falls/balance concerns (44.2%), lack of a documented advanced directive (42.3%), sedentary behaviors (39.9%), and incontinence (35.1%). Mean number of portal messages over the 12-month observation period varied from 7.2 among older adults affirmative responses to concerns about safety at home to 13.8 for older adults who reported difficulty completing activities of daily living. Portal messaging varied more than 2-fold across affirmative health risk categories and were marginally higher with greater number affirmative (mean = 13.8 messages/year no risks; 19.6 messages/year 10+ risks).

Discussion and Implications
Most older adults were active portal users—a group more likely to have incurred a billed AWV. Efforts to integrate AWV risk assessments in the patient portal may streamline administration and scalability for dissemination of tailored electronically mediated preventive care but must attend to equity issues.
Outcomes of Person-Centered Planning in Medicaid Home- and Community-Based Services
Authors: Chong Natalie , Caldwell Joseph , Kaye H Stephen , Mitra Monika 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Person-centered planning (PCP) allows recipients of home- and community-based service (HCBS) to plan services and supports according to their preferences and needs. The extent to which HCBS systems engage in PCP and evidence for the relationship between PCP and beneficiary outcomes are limited. We examine the prevalence of PCP among HCBS recipients and the relationship between PCP and person-reported outcomes.

Research Design and Methods
We used the 2018–2019 National Core Indicators—Aging and Disability survey, collected among adult Medicaid HCBS recipients in 12 states (n = 5,849). We examined 2 general PCP measures (1 on decision making and another on whether service plans reflected preferences/choices). We also constructed a scale to assess the fidelity of recipients’ service planning meeting to the PCP process. Outcomes included unmet service needs and community living (i.e., participation, control, and satisfaction). We examined recipient characteristics associated with PCP and used adjusted logistic regression models to assess the relationship between PCP and outcomes.

Results
About 72% of HCBS recipients were involved in decision making, 72% reported their service plan reflected their preferences/choices, and 47% had meetings that scored “high fidelity” on the PCP fidelity scale. PCP measures were consistently related to lower likelihood of unmet service needs and greater likelihood of experiencing community living outcomes.

Discussion and Implications
Findings suggest PCP is important for adequately meeting service needs and ensuring community living among HCBS beneficiaries. Additional standardized measures should be developed to facilitate quality improvement and accountability for delivering person-centered HCBS.