bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefit–Risk Assessment of ChatGPT Applications in the Field of Diabetes and Metabolic Illnesses: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman , Al-Hemyari Sabaa Saleh , Shahwan Moyad , Al-Qirim Tariq , Shahwan Monzer 
Published: March 2024

Background: The use of ChatGPT and artificial intelligence (AI) in the management of metabolic and endocrine disorders presents both significant opportunities and notable risks. Objectives: To investigate the benefits and risks associated with the application of ChatGPT in managing diabetes and metabolic illnesses by exploring the perspectives of endocrinologists and diabetologists. Methods and materials: The study employed a qualitative research approach. A semi-structured in-depth interview guide was developed. A convenience sample of 25 endocrinologists and diabetologists was enrolled and interviewed. All interviews were audiotaped and verbatim transcribed; then, thematic analysis was used to determine the themes in the data. Results: The findings of the thematic analysis resulted in 19 codes and 9 major themes regarding the benefits of implementing AI and ChatGPT in managing diabetes and metabolic illnesses. Moreover, the extracted risks of implementing AI and ChatGPT in managing diabetes and metabolic illnesses were categorized into 7 themes and 14 codes. The benefits of heightened diagnostic precision, tailored treatment, and efficient resource utilization have potential to improve patient results. Concurrently, the identification of potential challenges, such as data security concerns and the need for AI that can be explained, enables stakeholders to proactively tackle these issues. Conclusions: Regulatory frameworks must evolve to keep pace with the rapid adoption of AI in healthcare. Sustained attention to ethical considerations, including obtaining patient consent, safeguarding data privacy, ensuring accountability, and promoting fairness, remains critical. Despite its potential impact on the human aspect of healthcare, AI will remain an integral component of patient-centered care. Striking a balance between AI-assisted decision-making and human expertise is essential to uphold trust and provide comprehensive patient care.
Assessing the current utilization status of wearable devices in clinical research
Authors: Miyakoshi Takashi , Ito Yoichi M 
Published: March 2024

Background/Aims Information regarding the use of wearable devices in clinical research, including disease areas, intervention techniques, trends in device types, and sample size targets, remains elusive. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review of clinical research trends related to wristband wearable devices in research planning and examined their applications in clinical investigations. Methods As this study identified trends in the adoption of wearable devices during the planning phase of clinical research, including specific disease areas and targeted number of intervention cases, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov—a prominent platform for registering and disseminating clinical research. Since wrist-worn devices represent a large share of the market, we focused on wrist-worn devices and selected the most representative models among them. The main analysis focused on major wearable devices to facilitate data analysis and interpretation, but other wearables were also surveyed for reference. We searched ClinicalTrials.gov with the keywords “ActiGraph,”“Apple Watch,”“Empatica,”“Fitbit,”“Garmin,” and “wearable devices” to obtain studies published up to 21 August 2022. This initial search yielded 3214 studies. After excluding duplicate National Clinical Trial studies (the overlap was permissible among different device types except for wearable devices), our analysis focused on 2930 studies, including simple, time-series, and type-specific assessments of various variables. Results Overall, an increasing number of clinical studies have incorporated wearable devices since 2012. While ActiGraph and Fitbit initially dominated this landscape, the use of other devices has steadily increased, constituting approximately 10% of the total after 2015. Observational studies outnumbered intervention studies, with behavioral and device-based interventions being particularly prevalent. Regarding disease types, cancer and cardiovascular diseases accounted for approximately 20% of the total. Notably, 114 studies adopted multiple devices simultaneously within the context of their clinical investigations. Conclusions Our findings revealed that the utilization of wearable devices for data collection and behavioral interventions in various disease areas has been increasing over time since 2012. The increase in the number of studies over the past 3 years has been particularly significant, suggesting that this trend will continue to accelerate in the future. Devices and their evaluation methods that have undergone thorough validation, confirmed their accuracy, and adhered to established legal regulations will likely assume a pivotal role in evaluations, allowing for remote clinical trials. Moreover, behavioral intervention therapy utilizing apps is becoming more extensive, and we expect to see more examples that will lead to their approval as programmed medical devices in the future.
State of the art review. Upper extremity revision nerve compression surgery
Authors: van der Heijden Brigitte , Dailiana Zoe H. , Giele Henk P. 
Published: March 2024

Although surgical release of upper extremity nerve compression syndromes is highly effective, persistence or recurrence of symptoms and signs may occur. Thorough investigation is necessary in this situation before treatment is recommended. If the symptoms cannot be explained by other pathology than compression of the affected nerve and if conservative management has not provided improvement, reoperation may be considered. This review provides an overview of the diagnostic and surgical considerations in the revision of carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome and thoracic outlet syndrome. Level of evidence: V
Disease-modifying therapy initiation patterns in multiple sclerosis in three large MS populations
Authors: Stahmann Alexander , Craig Elaine , Ellenberger David , Fneish Firas , Frahm Niklas , Marrie Ruth Ann , Middleton Rod , Nicholas Richard , Rodgers Jeff , Warnke Clemens , Salter Amber 
Published: March 2024

Background: Treatment guidelines recommend early disease-modifying therapy (DMT) initiation after diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Multinational comparative studies that assess time to DMT initiation in MS may allow detection of barriers inherent to healthcare systems to explain potential adverse systematic delays in commencing DMTs. Objectives: To investigate and compare the time to first DMT and its association with sociodemographic and clinical variables after MS diagnosis in three large MS registries. Design: This observational study was conducted using data from the German MS Registry (GMSR), the North American Research Committee on MS Registry (NARCOMS, US data only), and the United Kingdom MS Registry (UKMSR, both self- and clinician-reported). Methods: Data from relapsing people with MS (PwMS), with a diagnosis of MS between 2014 and 2019, and available DMT and disability status were pooled using a meta-analytic approach. Results: A total of 5395 PwMS were included in the analysis (GMSR: n = 2658; NARCOMS: n = 447; UKMSR: n = 2290). Kaplan–Meier estimates for the time to first DMT [median months (95% CI)] were 2.0 (1.9–2.0), 3.0 (2–4), and 9.0 (7.7–10.6) for GMSR, NARCOMS, and UKMSR, respectively. Pooled multivariable Cox regression demonstrated shorter time to first DMT for PwMS diagnosed after 2017 [1.65 (1.42–1.92), p < 0.01], and longer time to DMT when a higher-efficacy DMT was selected (0.69 (0.54–0.90), p < 0.0001]. Conclusion: Time to DMT initiation differs across the populations studied, indicating that barriers may exist in early access to DMT, particularly in the United Kingdom. However, a consistent decrease in time to DMT initiation was noted since 2017 across all registries. Further studies are warranted comparing the effects of time to DMT and time to higher-efficacy DMT on long-term outcome.
Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of determinants that mediate antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli strains of clinical origin in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Akinpelu Sharon , Ajayi Abraham , Smith Stella Ifeanyi , Adeleye Adeyemi Isaac 
Published: March 2024

Background Multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens employ different mechanisms in evading the action of antibiotics. Multidrug resistance is wide spread among strains of Escherichia coli implicated in several infections including urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, meningitis and bacteraemia. Aim/Objective This study investigates the antibiotic resistance profile, efflux pump activity and biofilm formation ability of E. coli strains isolated from clinical samples. Methods A total of 32 E. coli strains isolated from clinical samples were characterized and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using standard methods. Isolates were screened phenotypically for biofilm formation and efflux pump activity. While molecular detection of genes encoding curli fimbriae and efflux pump activity was done by PCR. Results All 32 (100%) E. coli isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. While 30 (93.8%) were resistant to gentamicin, 27 (84.4%) were resistant to cefepime and the least resistance of 15.6% was to imipenem. Efflux pump encoding gene tolC was detected in 13(40.6%) of the isolates, while 1(3.1%) harboured acrA gene. acrB gene was not detected in any of the isolates. Seven (21.9%) of the isolates were strong biofilm formers, while 5 (15.6%) and 20 (62.5%) were moderate and weak biofilm formers respectively. csgA gene was detected in all E. coli isolates. Discussion High antibiotic resistance of E. coli strains observed in this study is of public health significance. . It is therefore important to scale up efforts in regular monitoring of antibiotic resistance in both community and hospital settings.
Trillin Protects Against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Suppressing Oxidative Stress and IL-1β/NLRP3 Inflammasome Positive Cycle
Authors: Li Xiangyun , Wei Shanshan , Liu Sa , Xie Suifen , Liu Jiaqin , Yang Yuanying , Chen Ye , Zhang BiKui , Li Wenqun , Luo Fen 
Published: March 2024

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Trillin, an active saponin component isolated from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim, exhibits various pharmacological properties. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of Trillin on bleomycin (BLM)-induced IPF and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Methods BLM was administered via intratracheal injection to C57BL/6J mice to establish an IPF model. Different concentrations of Trillin were then administered as treatments. Network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches were employed to predict potential Trillin targets against IPF. A combination of histopathological examination, immunohistochemical analysis, Western Blotting, and other molecular biological techniques were utilized to assess Trillin's protective effect on BLM-induced IPF and to investigate underlying pathways. Results Trillin effectively inhibited lung tissue injury induced by BLM in mice, moderated inflammation and oxidative stress-related signaling pathways, and reduced the expression of IPF-associated proteins such as TGF-β1 and α-SMA. Network pharmacology analysis identified 18 core Trillin-IPF target genes. Molecular docking analysis suggested that pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, and TNF-α have high binding affinity with Trillin, suggesting their potential as anti-IPF targets. Additionally, experimental verification confirmed that Trillin suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing IL-1β release. Conclusions This study demonstrates that Trillin effectively reduces oxidative stress and blocks the IL-1β/NLRP3 inflammasome positive feedback loop, providing protection against BLM-induced IPF. Consequently, our research underscores the potential of Trillin as a promising therapeutic agent for IPF and lays a theoretical foundation for its future clinical development and application in treating BLM-induced IPF.
Morphology and Cyto-Architecture of the Testis and Assessment of Selected Biochemical Parameters Associated with Male Fertility Following the Consumption of Tom Brown Weaning Diet in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Uno Victor Kanu , Nwangwa Justina Nwandimma , Umoh Ekementeabasi Aniebo , Raymond Atim-Ebim Michael , Asuquo Joseph Okon , Otu Effiom-ekaha Otu , Beniangba Maxwell Inawerebua 
Published: March 2024

Objectives/Background Natural products are preferred over synthetic drug as fertility enhancers as they are cost effective. Infertility among men of reproductive age keeps rising. Synthetic drugs ameliorate the problem but leave adverse side effects as men advance in age, hence the need for alternative medicine. Tom brown weaning diet is a processed cereal-based powdery blend which is cooked into a semi-liquid food for children from 6 months and contains good nutrient levels. This work focused on the effects of Tom brown weaning diet on testes of Wistar rats. Method Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups namely: Control group, 50% tom brown group and 100% tom brown group. Control received only rat chow, 50% Tom brown group received tom brown diet and normal rat chows at 12 h cycle per time. This cycle was repeated till the end of the experiment. 50% Tom brown group received only tom brown diet throughout the experimental period. The testes were excised, measured, and processed for morphological and histological analysis. Results Average testicular weight and relative weight in the 50% tom brown, 100% tom brown and control groups were not significant at alpha level of P ˂ .05. This was also supported by the normal histological features seen in sections of the testes of rats in all groups as there were no shrinking and denser spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules. Hormonal analysis showed a non-significant difference in the level of FSH and LH at alpha levels of P˂0.05. However, testosterone level increased significantly in 100% group compared to 50% and the control group at P˂ .05. Also, GC-MS study on the diet revealed 30 compounds in the diet. Conclusion This study revealed that Tom brown diet has no detectable damaging effect(s) on the testes but could improve the cytoarchitecture and enhance fertility.
Prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among population of Mechinagar municipality of Nepal
Authors: lohani Suman , Sharma Sanjib Kumar , Singh Suman Bahadur , Uranw Surendra , Ghimire Anup 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundMultimorbidity is a group of conditions, it has significant impact on the population as a whole, resulting in lower quality of life, higher mortality, frequent use of medical services, and consequently higher healthcare costs. The objective of this study is to document the prevalence of common multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among population of Mechinagar Municipality.MethodsCommunity-based cross-sectional study was conducted where selected multimorbidity were assessed in selected areas of Mechinagar municipality of Jhapa District . Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 590 adult participants from three pre-defined pocket areas. Pre-designed semi-structured multimorbidity assessment questionnaire for primary care (MAQ-PC)was used to assess prevalence of multimorbidity. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify the strongest determinants of multimorbidity.ResultsThe prevalence of multimorbidity was 22.4%.Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus and COPD was seen in 39.2%, 7.8.% and 4.4% of the participants respectively . Participants with advancing age i. e. 40-49yrs were 12.62 times (AOR) more likely to have multimorbidity compared to their counterparts who were 20-29yrs old( p=<0.01,CI3.01-15.28) after adjusting for occupation, physical activity and family history of kidney disease. Working individuals, Physical inactivity and positive family history of kidney disease were the strongest determinates of multimorbidity.ConclusionsThe study revealed that participants with increasing age, working individuals, physical inactivity and family history of kidney disease were more vulnerable of having multimorbidity. The findings of our study indicate need of intervention strategies and community-based health promotion programs in reducing burden of chronic disease among adult population.
“How Fluent Do I Need to Be to Say I’m Fluent?” Research Experiences of Communities that Speak Languages Other than English
Authors: Schweiberger Kelsey , Migliori Olivia , Mbangah Mayah , Arena Constanza , Diaz Jenny , Liu Sabrina Yowchyi , Kihumbu Benoit , Rijal Benu , Mwaliya Aweys , Castillo Smyntek Ximena Alejandra , Hoffman Henry , Timsina Khara , Salib Yesmina , Amodei Joseph , Perez Abby Jo , Chaves-Gnecco Diego , Ho Ken , Mugwaneza Kheir , Sidani Jaime , Ragavan Maya I. 
Published: March 2024

Objective The goal of this study was to partner with community organizations to understand the research experiences of communities who speak languages other than English (LOE). Methods We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews in Spanish, Nepali, Mandarin, French, or Kizigua with LOE community members and community leaders who completed recruitment and data collection. Audio-recordings of the interviews were transcribed and translated. We conducted qualitative coding using a mixed deductive-inductive analysis approach and thematic analyses using three rounds of affinity clustering. This study occurred in partnership with an established community-academic collaboration. Results Thirty community members and six community leaders were interviewed. 83% of LOE participants were born outside of the US and most participants (63%) had never participated in a prior research study. Six themes emerged from this work. Many participants did not understand the concept of research, but those that did thought that inclusion of LOE communities is critical for equity. Even when research was understood as a concept, it was often inaccessible to LOE individuals, particularly because of the lack of language services. When LOE participants engaged in research, they did not always understand their participation. Participants thought that improving research trust was essential and recommended partnering with community organizations and disseminating research results to the community. Conclusion This study’s results can serve as an important foundation for researchers seeking to include LOE communities in future research to be more inclusive and scientifically rigorous.
Applications of humic and fulvic acid under saline soil conditions to improve growth and yield in barley
Authors: Alsudays Ibtisam Mohammed , Alshammary Fowzia Hamdan , Alabdallah Nadiyah M. , Alatawi Aishah , Alotaibi Mashael M. , Alwutayd Khairiah Mubarak , Alharbi Maha Mohammed , Alghanem Suliman M. S. , Alzuaibr Fahad Mohammed , Gharib Hany S. , Awad-Allah Mamdouh M. A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Enriching the soil with organic matter such as humic and fulvic acid to increase its content available nutrients, improves the chemical properties of the soil and increases plant growth as well as grain yield. In this study, we conducted a field experiment using humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and recommended dose (RDP) of phosphorus fertilizer to treat Hordeum vulgare seedling, in which four concentrations from HA, FA and RDP (0.0 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100%) under saline soil conditions . Moreover, some agronomic traits (e.g. grain yield, straw yield, spikes weight, plant height, spike length and spike weight) in barley seedling after treated with different concentrations from HA, FA and RDP were determined. As such the beneficial effects of these combinations to improve plant growth, N, P, and K uptake, grain yield, and its components under salinity stress were assessed.

Results
The findings showed that the treatments HA + 100% RDP (T1), HA + 75% RDP (T2), FA + 100% RDP (T5), HA + 50% RDP (T3), and FA + 75% RDP (T6), improved number of spikes/plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield/ha, harvest index, the amount of uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) in straw and grain. The increase for grain yield over the control was 64.69, 56.77, 49.83, 49.17, and 44.22% in the first season, and 64.08, 56.63, 49.19, 48.87, and 43.69% in the second season,. Meanwhile, the increase for grain yield when compared to the recommended dose was 22.30, 16.42, 11.27, 10.78, and 7.11% in the first season, and 22.17, 16.63, 11.08, 10.84, and 6.99% in the second season. Therefore, under salinity conditions the best results were obtained when, in addition to phosphate fertilizer, the soil was treated with humic acid or foliar application the plants with fulvic acid under one of the following treatments: HA + 100% RDP (T1), HA + 75% RDP (T2), FA + 100% RDP (T5), HA + 50% RDP (T3), and FA + 75% RDP (T6).

Conclusions
The result of the use of organic amendments was an increase in the tolerance of barley plant to salinity stress, which was evident from the improvement in the different traits that occurred after the treatment using treatments that included organic amendments (humic acid or fulvic acid).
Dotinurad restores exacerbated kidney dysfunction in hyperuricemic patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Amano Hoichi , Kobayashi Seiji , Terawaki Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
In this study, we aimed to clarify the beneficial effects of urate-lowering treatment with the novel agent dotinurad on renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hyperuricemia (HUA).

Methods
Thirty-five patients with CKD (mean age 65.4 ± 14.8 years, 23 men) diagnosed with HUA were recruited. Changes in eGFR before and after dotinurad administration were assessed. Patients first underwent a 3-month observation period and then 3 months treatment with dotinurad.

Results
During the observation period, mean eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) declined significantly. The baseline eGFR was 31.8 ± 16.4 and the serum urate level (sUA, mg/dL) was 8.1 ± 1.7. During the treatment period, eGFR recovered to 36.5 ± 17.5 and sUA decreased to 6.7 ± 1.0. The increase in eGFR after dotinurad administration was correlated with a decrease in sUA (R = 0.375, p = 0.0263).

Conclusion
Dotinurad administration to patients with CKD and HUA appears to be beneficial in restoring kidney function. Dotinurad may represent a potential medication for the prevention of kidney function decline caused by HUA.