bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence and distribution of FMRFamide‐like immunoreactivity in the cyprid of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (Cirripedia, crustacea)
Authors: Gallus Lorenzo , Ferrando Sara , Bottaro Massimiliano , Diaspro Alberto , Girosi Laura , Faimali Marco , Ramoino Paola , Tagliafierro Grazia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe presence and distribution of FMRFamide‐like peptides (FLPs) in the cyprid larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite were investigated using immunohistochemical methods. Barnacles are considered to be one of the most important constituents of animal fouling communities, and the cyprid stage is specialized for settlement and metamorphosis in to the sessile adult condition. FLPs immunoreactive (IR) neuronal cell bodies were detected in both the central and the peripheral nervous system. One bilateral group of neurons somata was immunodetected in the brain, and IR nerve fibers were observed in the neuropil area and optic lobes. Intense immunostaining was also observed in the frontal filament complex: frontal filament tracts leaving the optic lobes and projecting towards the compound eyes, swollen nerve endings in the frontal filament vesicles, and thin nerve endings in the external frontal filament. Thin IR nerve fibers were also present in the cement glands. Two pairs of neuronal cell bodies were immunodetected in the posterior ganglion; some of their axons appear to project to the cirri. FLPs IR neuronal cell bodies were also localized in the wall of the dilated midgut and in the narrow hindgut; their processes surround the gut wall and allow gut neurons to synapse with one another. Our data demonstrated the presence of FLPs IR substances in the barnacle cyprid. We hypothesize that these peptides act as integrators in the central nervous system, perform neuromuscular functions for thoracic limbs, trigger intestinal movements and, at the level of the frontal filament, play a neurosecretory role. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Life satisfaction in Malawi and the importance of relative consumption, polygamy and religion
Authors: Hinks Tim , Davies Simon 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHappiness equations for Malawi are estimated using a new household survey. It is apparent that absolute consumption level is strongly associated with satisfaction. Both objective and subjective relative consumption in the neighbourhood is positively associated with satisfaction. Male satisfaction is associated strongly with relative consumption but female satisfaction is not. Separated or widowed females are less happy than males indicating a vulnerability that acts as a disincentive to leave husbands during marital problems. Polygamous females in traditional religions are less satisfied than other females whilst there is some evidence that male Muslims in polygamous relationships are more satisfied. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Material property variation of mandibular symphyseal bone in colobine monkeys
Authors: Daegling David J. , Hotzman Jennifer L. , McGraw W. Scott , Rapoff Andrew J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe anterior mandibular corpus of anthropoid primates is routinely subjected to masticatory loads that result in relatively high local levels of stress and strain. While structural morphological responses to these loads have been extensively explored, relatively little is known about material property variation in mandibular bone of nonhuman primates. Consequently, the role of regional and local variation in bone stiffness in conditioning stress and strain gradients is poorly understood. We sampled elastic modulus variation in the bone of the anterior mandibular corpus in two species (N = 3 each) of sympatric colobine monkeys, Procolobus badius and Colobus polykomos. These monkeys were chosen for comparison owing to their distinctive dietary regimens, as P. badius rarely includes hard objects in its diet while C. polykomos habitually processes obdurate items during feeding. Elastic modulus is determined through bone hardness data obtained via microindentation, which enables the description of stiffness variation on sub‐millimeter scales. Labial bone stiffness exceeds that of lingual bone in the sample overall. Female mandibular bone is generally stiffer than that found in males, and overall Procolobus mandibular bone is stiffer than that in Colobus. These results, interpreted collectively, suggest that the material response to elevated masticatory stress is increased compliance of the affected bone. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterochrony during skeletal development of Pseudis platensis (anura, hylidae) and the early offset of skeleton development and growth
Authors: Fabrezi Marissa , Goldberg Javier 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe aquatic frog Pseudis platensis has a giant tadpole, long developmental time, and dissociated metamorphic events that include later offset of larval somatic morphologies. Moreover, when the tadpole metamorphoses, the young frog is nearly the size of an adult, suggesting that this species has low rates of postmetamorphic growth. Herein, we study the development of the skeleton during larval development up to the end of metamorphosis, which is denoted by the complete lost of the tail in P. platensis. Our study revealed heterochronic differences in skeletal development compared with that of most anurans; these involve the complete differentiation of skull bones and the extensive ossification of the postcranial skeleton before completion of metamorphosis. The skull of metamorphosing P. platensis has an ossified sphenethmoid and a fully formed plectral apparatus, thus differing with regard to the pattern observed in most anurans in which both developmental events take place during the postmetamorphic life. Despite the fact that the iliosacral articulation and the urostyle are present at the end of metamorphosis as in most anurans, ossification/calcification of carpus, tarsus, and limb epihyses during metamorphosis of P. platensis suggests that the postcranial skeleton lacks postmetamorphic growth. This study also includes a discussion of the pattern of development of the plectral apparatus, which allows us to propose a new hypothesis regarding pars externa plectri homology. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of pentacyclic triterpenes by LC–MS. A comparative study between APCI and APPI
Authors: Rhourri‐Frih B. , Chaimbault P. , Claude B. , Lamy C. , André P. , Lafosse M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe analytical performances of three atmospheric‐pressure sources, electrospray (ESI), atmospheric‐pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and atmospheric‐pressure photoionization (APPI), were evaluated for the analysis of pentacyclic triterpenes in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Among these sources, APPI and APCI are particularly well adapted to sensitive analyses of pentacyclic triterpenes by LC–MS. Detection parameters were optimized for both the sources, and the effects of three dopants (toluene, acetone and anisole) on the detection (sensitivity and ion fingerprints in MS spectra) were studied in detail for APPI–MS.The limits of quantification were measured under selected ion monitoring conditions, in the range of 0.005–0.015 mg l−1and 0.002–0.84 mg l−1in APPI and APCI, respectively, depending on the studied pentacyclic triterpene. Overall, APPI was found more sensitive than APCI in positive ion mode, whereas APCI shows the greatest sensitivity for acidic triterpenes in negative ion mode.Following this study, the developed LC–MS method was used for the characterization of pentacyclic triterpenes in three plant extracts. High amounts of betulinic acid, betulinic aldehyde and betulinic aldehyde acetate were observed in plane bark. The main component of birch bark is betulin and extracts of okoume resin exhibit high amounts of α‐ and β‐amyrin. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FDTD modelling of a realistic room for through‐the‐wall radar applications
Authors: Chamma Walid A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study describes the use of the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method to investigate the capabilities and limitations of a ultra wideband (UWB) radar system for detecting a human model target inside a realistic room. A 0.8 ns pulse at a centre frequency ofƒ0=1.1 GHz is used. The room is modelled with all its components (water and heating pipes, windows, electrical outlets, brick walls, barred windows, etc.). The radar set‐up is also modelled to simulate a realistic system. The performance of the UWB radar is examined by generating two‐dimensional images of the room interior with the human body model included. This is done by considering monostatic and multistatic radar scenarios where responses are recorded and processed using the time‐domain back‐projection method. Images obtained using the FDTD modelling detected the human body model at the correct location inside the room. As expected, the multistatic radar set‐up provided a cleaner image than that of the monostatic radar set‐up due to greater diversity in aspect angle. Copyright © 2008 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of acute tensile loading on gender‐specific tendon structural and mechanical properties
Authors: Burgess Katherine E. , Graham‐Smith Phillip , Pearson Stephen J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractStretching is commonly used prior to exercise, as it is thought to reduce the risk of injury, and it is also used in the preconditioning of tendon grafts. As tendon properties have been shown to be different between genders, it is proposed that stretching will differentially affect the structure. Here we examine the effect of acute stretch on the mechanical properties of both male and female medial gastrocnemius tendon. Female [20 years ± 1 (SEM), n = 17] and male (22 years ± 1, n = 18) subjects underwent a 5‐min passive dorsiflexion stretch. Prior to and post stretch medial gastrocnemius tendon stiffness (K), length (l) and cross‐sectional area (csa) were measured using ultrasonography and dynamometry. Stiffness and Young's modulus (ε) were significantly reduced with stretch for both genders (p < 0.05). Females showed significantly (p < 0.05) greater pre‐ to poststretch decreases in K (22.4 vs. 8.8%) and ε (20.5 vs. 8.4%) in comparison to males. The present results show that stretching acutely reduces stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius tendon in females and males, with females showing significantly greater change. The observed disparity between genders may be due in part to variations in tendon moment arm and intrinsic differences in tendon composition. These differential changes in tendon mechanical properties have functional, motor control, and injury risk implications, as well as possible implications for preconditioning of tendon grafts. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 510–516, 2009
Relationship between Raman spectral pattern and crystallographic orientation of a rock‐forming mineral: a case study of Fo89Fa11 olivine
Authors: Ishibashi Hidemi , Arakawa Masashi , Ohi Shugo , Yamamoto Junji , Miyake Akira , Kagi Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe relationship between Raman spectra and crystallographic orientation was examined for single crystals of Fo89Fa11 olivine [(Mg0.89Fe0.11)2SiO4]. Raman spectra were obtained for chemically homogeneous olivine grains with various orientations on a thin section of mantle‐derived rock (dunite) using micro‐Raman equipment and an unpolarized exciting laser. Crystallographic orientations of each olivine grain were determined using an electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. Five apparent peaks at 822 (peak 1), 854 (peak 2), 880 (peak 3), 917 (peak 4), and 959 cm−1 (peak 5) were observed in the spectral range of 700–1050 cm−1. Intensity ratios of peak i to peak 2, Ii/I2, for i = 1, 4, and 5 were formulated empirically as functions of crystallographic orientations: Ii/I2 = (a1iθ2/π2 + a2iθ/π + a3i)sin2ϕ + (b1iθ2/π2 + b2iθ/π + b3i)sinϕ + ci where a1i, a2i, a3i, b1i, b2i, b3i, ci are constants. ϕ is the angle between the [100] axis and the incident direction of the laser, and θ is the angle between the [001] axis and the incident direction of laser projected on the {100} plane. These equations well describe the relationships between Ii/I2 and crystallographic orientation. The obtained empirical equations enable Raman spectroscopic determination of the crystallographic orientation of olivine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of vibrational spectra of 2‐fluoro‐6‐nitrotoluene based on density functional theory calculations
Authors: Krishnakumar V. , Dheivamalar S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe conformational behavior and structural stability of 2‐fluoro‐6‐nitrotoluene (FNT) were investigated by utilizing density functional theory (DFT) with the standard B3LYP/6‐311 + G** method and basis set combinations. The vibrational wavenumbers of FNT were computed at DFT levels and complete vibrational assignments were made on the basis of normal coordinate calculations. Normal coordinate analysis (NCA) has been carried out to support the vibrational analysis. The results were compared with the experimental values. The observed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Fourier transform (FT) Raman vibrational wavenumbers were analyzed and compared with the theoretically predicted vibrational spectra. The results of vibrational spectra of FNT were also compared with the vibrational spectra of some toluene derivatives. The assignments of bands to various normal modes of the molecules were also carried out. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of formulation on physicochemical properties and water status of nutritionally enhanced tortillas
Authors: Serventi Luca , Carini Eleonora , Curti Elena , Vittadini Elena 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Various nutritionally enhanced tortillas were developed by incorporating ingredients with nutritional functionality (carrot, soy, wholemeal kamut and their combination (CSK)) in a standard wheat tortilla formulation. The effect of these ingredients on the physicochemical properties and water status of the products was evaluated.RESULTS: Partial substitution of carrot juice for water in the tortilla formulation significantly reduced the macroscopic (water activity and moisture content) and thermal (‘frozen’ water (FW) content) properties and marginally reduced the 1H molecular mobility (faster 1H free induction decay (FID)) compared with the standard. Wholemeal kamut increased the FW content via a possible water redistribution among ingredients. Whole soy flour induced higher 1H molecular mobility (T2B relaxation rate, % 1H T2B population and single T1), probably because a loose soy protein—water interaction and/or margarine. The water status of the CSK tortilla reflected the contribution of each ingredient in the respective prototype: fast 1H FID (carrot), high FW content (kamut), high 1H molecular mobility and low moisture content and water activity (soy).CONCLUSIONS: The changes in formulation used in this study to produce tortillas with enhanced nutritional value affected the water status of the products in a very interesting manner: the different ingredients altered the water status at different levels. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of a peritoneal surface disease severity score in patients with colon cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Pelz Joerg O.W. , Stojadinovic Alexander , Nissan Aviram , Hohenberger Werner , Esquivel Jesus 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIntroductionSystemic therapy and cytoreduction (CRS) with hyperthermic intra‐peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) may benefit selected patients with carcinomatosis from colon cancer (PC). This study presents the results of a consecutive series of patients evaluated under a single strategy.Patients and MethodsForty patients with PC referred for CRS were evaluated. Evaluation of their treatment was determined according to disease severity scored on a 3‐point scale including: (1) symptoms, (2) extent of peritoneal dissemination (PCI), and (3) primary tumor histology. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier product‐limit method and log rank testing according to four tiers of estimated disease severity based on the above parameters.ResultsFor patients with disease severity score I, II, III, and IV, 2‐year OS following treatment was 100%, 80%, 80%, and 0%, respectively. Median OS with most advanced disease (IV: n = 20) was 5 months versus 36 months for disease of lesser severity (I–III: n = 20;P < 0.001; RR = 0.2; 95%CI 0.1–0.5). Advanced disease (IV) was an independent predictor of adverse outcome on multivariate analysis with 2.6‐fold increased likelihood of mortality.ConclusionA treatment strategy based on disease severity determined at time of diagnosis, stratifies patients into prognostic groups and may improve selection of patients for appropriate therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:9–15. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental measurements and kinetic modeling of CH4/O2 and CH4/C2H6/O2 conversion at high pressure
Authors: Rasmussen Christian Lund , Jakobsen Jon Geest , Glarborg Peter 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA detailed chemical kinetic model for homogeneous combustion of the light hydrocarbon fuels CH4 and C2H6 in the intermediate temperature range roughly 500–1100 K, and pressures up to 100 bar has been developed and validated experimentally. Rate constants have been obtained from critical evaluation of data for individual elementary reactions reported in the literature with particular emphasis on the conditions relevant to the present work. The experiments, involving CH4/O2 and CH4/C2H6/O2 mixtures diluted in N2, have been carried out in a high‐pressure flow reactor at 600–900 K, 50–100 bar, and reaction stoichiometries ranging from very lean to fuel‐rich conditions. Model predictions are generally satisfactory. The governing reaction mechanisms are outlined based on calculations with the kinetic model. Finally, the mechanism was extended with a number of reactions important at high temperature and tested against data from shock tubes, laminar flames, and flow reactors. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 778–807, 2008
Thermal decomposition of trifluoromethoxycarbonyl peroxy nitrate, CF3OC(O)O2NO2
Authors: Manetti Martín D. , Malanca Fabio E. , Argüello Gustavo A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of trifluoromethoxycarbonyl peroxy nitrate, CF3OC(O)O2NO2, has been studied between 278 and 306 K at 270 mbar total pressure using He as a diluent gas. The pressure dependence of the reaction was also studied at 292 K between 1.2 and 270 mbar total pressure. The rate constant reaches its high‐pressure limit at 70 mbar. The first step of the decomposition leads to CF3OC(O)O2 and NO2 formation, that is, CF3OC(O)O2NO2 + M ⇆ CF3OC(O)O2 + NO2 + M (k1, k−1). Reaction (−1) was prevented by adding an excess of NO that reacts with the peroxy radical intermediate and leads to carbonyl fluoride (CF2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and small quantities of CF3OC(O)O2C(O)OCF3. The kinetics of reaction (1) was determined by following the loss of CF3OC(O)O2NO2 via IR spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the decomposition follows the equation k1(T) = 1.0 × 1016 e−((111±3)/(RT)) for the exponential term expressed in kJ mol−1. The values obtained for the kinetic parameters such as k1 at 298 K, the activation energy (Ea), and the preexponential factor (A) are compared with literature data for other acyl peroxy nitrates. The atmospheric thermal stability of CF3OC(O)O2NO2 and its dependence with altitude is discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 831–838, 2008
On the photoreactivity of vitamin K compounds
Authors: Swartz Angela M. , Patton Valerie , Heppleston Marianne J. , Barra Mónica 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRate constants for conversion of vitamin K1‐and K2‐derived 1,3‐quinone methides into 1,2‐quinone methides have been measured in CH3CN solutions in the presence of Brönsted acids and bases. Second‐order rate constants approach the diffusion‐controlled limit and are essentially independent of the (acid or base) strength of the catalyst. On the other hand, rate constants for triplet quenching of 2‐methyl‐3‐undecyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, used as model compound, are presented and compared with data for 1,4‐naphthoquinone and 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone. A significant decrease in reactivity is observed as the number of alkyl substituents in the quinoid moiety increases, which is attributed to the concomitant increase in triplet π,π* character. Correlation of rate constants for physical quenching, by aromatic hydrocarbons and dimethylsulfoxide, with the electron affinity of the (ground state) quinone and ionization potential of the quenchers suggests quenching by charge‐transfer interactions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 839–844, 2008
The impact of branding on low‐income adolescents: A vicious cycle?
Authors: Isaksen Katja Jezkova , Roper Stuart 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study examines the impact of consumerism and consumer culture on low‐income British adolescents. Specifically, it investigates the effects of branding and advertising on the formation of selfconcept clarity (SCC) and consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence (CSII). A comparative study was conducted between two groups, low‐ and high‐income teenagers, assessing SCC and CSII by means of quantitative scales. It was found that low‐income teenagers are less clear in their self‐concept and are more susceptible to interpersonal influence than their high‐income counterparts. A significant negative correlation between the two scales revealed that the less clear one's self‐concept is, the more susceptible one is to interpersonal influence. It is proposed that an inability to “keep up” with the latest fashion trends (due to restricted consumption opportunities) may result in a damaged self‐concept among low‐income teenagers, which leads to heightened susceptibility to consumption pressures and hence heightens the negative socio‐psychological impacts of living in poverty. The results of the study are reviewed in terms of branding, advertising, and consumer behavior and a proposed conceptual model of branding's impact on low‐income teenagers is presented as a “vicious cycle.” © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Autosomal‐dominant locus for restless legs syndrome in French‐Canadians on chromosome 16p12.1
Authors: Levchenko Anastasia , Montplaisir Jacques‐Yves , Asselin Géraldine , Provost Sylvie , Girard Simon L. , Xiong Lan , Lemyre Emmanuelle , St‐Onge Judith , Thibodeau Pascale , Desautels Alex , Turecki Gustavo , Gaspar Claudia , Dubé Marie‐Pierre , Rouleau Guy A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe describe an autosomal‐dominant locus for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in a French‐Canadian (FC) pedigree. Genome‐wide microsatellite scan and linkage analysis were used in this study. The locus maps to chromosome 16p12.1 and spans 1.18 Mega bases. The maximum multipoint LOD scores are of 3.5 over the total of 10 markers. Evidence for the same locus was also found in a smaller FC pedigree sime095. The analysis of the sequence of 8 annotated genes within the region did not reveal any pathogenic mutations. Copy number variation and karyotype analyses did not reveal any chromosomal abnormality in the region. Further analyses of the region are necessary to find the genetic cause of RLS in this family. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society