bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new serine/threonine protein kinase,Omphk1, essential to ventral body wall formation
Authors: Hirano Mariko , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Inoue Ai , Furushima Kenryo , Murata Takuya , Suda Yoko , Aizawa Shinichi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHere, we report a new serine/threonine protein kinase of the SNF1 subfamilyOmphk1. TwoOmphkhomologues exist in each vertebrate species, and one homologue exists inDrosophilaandCaenorhabditis elegans; the kinase domain is highly conserved among these homologues, and several domains are conserved among vertebrateOmphk.Omphk1expression dynamically changes in the developing central nervous system, is found ubiquitously in epidermis, and is present uniquely in several other tissues. Its expression is also found in each tissue associated with the ventral body wall closure: the primary body wall composed of primitive ectoderm and each component of the secondary body wall. Concomitantly, its null mutant exhibits omphalocele with a failure in closure of the secondary body wall. There are no apparent gross morphological defects in brain, however, despite the uniqueOmphk1expression in this tissue. Developmental Dynamics 235:2229–2237, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Roles of jumonji and jumonji family genes in chromatin regulation and development
Authors: Takeuchi Takashi , Watanabe Yutaka , Takano‐Shimizu Toshiyuki , Kondo Shunzo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe jumonji (jmj) gene was identified by a mouse gene trap approach and has essential roles in the development of multiple tissues. The Jmj protein has a DNA binding domain, ARID, and two conserved jmj domains (jmjN and jmjC). In many diverse species including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals, there are many jumonji family proteins that have only the jmjC domain or both jmj domains. Recently, Jmj protein was found to be a transcriptional repressor. Several proteins in the jumonji family are involved in transcriptional repression and/or chromatin regulation. Most recently, one of the human members has been shown to be a histone demethylase, and the jmjC domain is essential for the demethylase activity. Meanwhile, more and more evidence indicating that the jumonji family proteins play important roles during development is accumulating. Many proteins in the jumonji family may regulate chromatin and gene expression, and control development through various signaling pathways. Here, we highlight the roles of jmj and jumonji family proteins in chromatin regulation and development. Developmental Dynamics 235:2449–2459, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eating disorders and celiac disease: A case report
Authors: Yucel Basak , Ozbey Nese , Demir Kadir , Polat Aslihan , Yager Joel 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjective:Although chronic physical illness may be associated coincidentally with an eating disorder, some clinicians may overlook the possibility that another medical illness may coexist and contribute concurrently to symptoms such as peculiar eating behaviors, restrictive eating, and/or vomiting accompanied by body dissatisfaction. We present a 31‐year‐old single woman initially diagnosed with an atypical eating disorder.Method:After a gastroenterology consultation prompted by the atypical characteristics of her eating disturbance, the diagnosis of celiac disease was established.Results:Cause‐and‐effect relationships between anorexia nervosa and celiac disease are unclear, and celiac disease may lead to confusion in the differential diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.Conclusion:Particularly in atypical cases, and in cases where nausea and bloating are prominent complaints, workup for celiac sprue may reveal the presence of this condition. In such instances, patients may achieve additional relief through the implementation of gluten‐free diets. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Efficient induction of antitumor T cell immunity by exosomes derived from heat‐shocked lymphoma cells
Authors: Chen Weilin , Wang Jianli , Shao Chuansen , Liu Shuxun , Yu Yizhi , Wang Qingqing , Cao Xuetao 
Published: May 2006

AbstractExosomes secreted by tumor cells could serve as a promising immunotherapeutic tumor vaccine. Heat shock proteins (HSP) induced in tumor cells by heat shock are molecular chaperones with potent adjuvant activity in the induction of antigen‐specific T cell responses. To improve exosome‐based tumor vaccines, we have investigated the efficacy of exosomes derived from heat‐shocked mouse B lymphoma cells (HS‐Exo) in the induction of antitumor immune responses. We found that HS‐Exo, compared with control exosomes derived from the same cells (Exo), contain more HSP60 and HSP90 and increased amounts of molecules involved in immunogenicity including MHC class I, MHC class II, CD40, CD86, RANTES and IL‐1β. Furthermore, HS‐Exo induce both phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells more efficiently. HS‐Exo immunization activates T cell responses more potently. Importantly, HS‐Exo induce dramatically increased antitumor immune responses compared to control exosomes from the same cells in prophylaxis and therapeutic in vivo lymphoma models. We further demonstrate that CD8+ T cells are the predominant T cell subset responsible for the antitumor effect of HS‐Exo and that CD4+ T cells are necessary in the induction phase of tumor rejection in a prophylaxis model. These findings provide a novel strategy to improve the efficacy of exosome‐based tumor vaccines.
Choice of comparisons in intergroup settings: the role of temporal information and comparison motives
Authors: Brown Rupert J. , Zagefka Hanna 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThree studies investigated comparison choices in intergroup settings, a neglected but important topic for theories of intergroup relations. Two main questions were addressed: What is role of comparison motives in determining comparison choices in intergroup contexts? How important are temporal comparisons (of the ingroup in the past or future) in intergroup settings? In Study 1 (N = 115), motives for Assessment or Enhancement were primed in a multi‐group performance context. Compared to Controls, Assessment priming encouraged both upward and downward comparisons, while Enhancement encouraged mainly downward comparisons. In general, temporal comparisons were as prevalent as comparisons with other groups. Study 2 (N = 199) employed a real‐world setting in which members of a mid‐ranking university indicated their interest in comparing with other higher or lower status universities or with their own university in the past. Temporal comparisons were once more much in evidence, and manipulating enhancement motives again encouraged downward comparisons. In Study 3 (N = 40), set in the context of inter‐nation student comparisons, Improvement motives were primed implicitly. This led to an increase in interest in an outgroup just above the ingroup but to a decrease in interest in future‐oriented comparisons. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
By whose standard? The affective implications of ethnic minorities' comparisons to ethnic minority and majority referents
Authors: Leach Colin Wayne , Smith Heather J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn a ‘diary’ study, we examined the frequency and affective implications of 34 ethnic minority students' comparisons to other ethnic minorities or to members of a high‐status ethnic majority (i.e., European‐Americans). Participants made more frequent comparisons to ethnic majority than ethnic minority referents, although neither type of comparison tended to be perceived in terms of group membership (see also Smith & Leach, 2004). Comparisons to ethnic majority referents did not alter participants' positive affect even where they suggested poor future prospects in status‐relevant domains. In contrast, comparisons to fellow ethnic minorities led to increased positive affect when they suggested a future prospect of improvement. We discuss the conceptual and practical implications of social comparison in the context of group status. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical investigation of the error on flow measurements due to exhaust gas heating and cooling in the SBI‐configuration
Authors: Merci Bart , Theuns Erwin , Sette Bart , Vandevelde Paul 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe possible flow measurement error due to heating or cooling of exhaust gases in the Single‐Burning‐Item (SBI) test is estimated from numerical experiments. It is illustrated that there is no one‐to‐one correspondence between the velocity profile shape and the instantaneous Reynolds number, due to the time‐dependent temperature and density profile evolution in the exhaust gas pipe. A non‐ambiguous relation is found between the velocity profile shape and an ‘effective’ Reynolds number, based on the turbulent viscosity. Maximum variations of the velocity correction factors, relating the mean velocity to the velocity on the pipe axis, are found to be in the order of 2% for limiting circumstances for the SBI test. The primary effect is caused by instantaneous Reynolds number variations. The effect of heating or cooling of the flow by the hot or cold pipe is noticeable, too. The statements are proved to be valid independent of the computational grid, the turbulence model and the time steps taken to obtain the numerical solutions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting toxic gas concentrations resulting from enclosure fires using local equivalence ratio concept linked to fire field models
Authors: Wang Z. , Jia F. , Galea E. R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA practical CFD method is presented in this study to predict the generation of toxic gases in enclosure fires. The model makes use of local combustion conditions to determine the yield of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, soot and oxygen. The local conditions used in the determination of these species are the local equivalence ratio (LER) and the local temperature. The heat released from combustion is calculated using the volumetric heat source model or the eddy dissipation model (EDM). The model is then used to simulate a range of reduced‐scale and full‐scale fire experiments. The model predictions for most of the predicted species are then shown to be in good agreement with the test results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revision of the Genus PhyllolobiumFisch. (Leguminosae‐Papilionoideae)
Authors: Zhang M.‐L. , Podlech D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAccording to the most recent molecular and pollen evidences, Astragalus L. subgenus Pogonophace is proposed to be extracted from Astragalus and erected as a new genus Phyllolobium Fisch. Based mainly on the specimens checking of major Chinese herbaria, a taxonomic revision regarding this genus is provided in the present paper.1. Phyllolobium balfourianum (N.D.Simpson) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.2. Phyllolobium camptodontum (Franch.) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.3. Phyllolobium chapmanianum (Wenninger) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.4. Phyllolobium chinense Fisch., in Sprengel5. Phyllolobium dolichochaete (Diels) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.6. Phyllolobium donianum (DC.) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.7. Phyllolobium enneaphyllum (P.C.Li) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.8. Phyllolobium eutrichus (Hand.‐Mazz.) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. et stat. nov.9. Phyllolobium flavovirens (K.T.Fu) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.10. Phyllolobium heydei (Baker) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.11. Phyllolobium lasaense (C.C.Ni & P.C.Li) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.12. Phyllolobium lineariaurifer (P.C.Li) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.13. Phyllolobium milingense (C.C.Ni & P.C.Li) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.14. Phyllolobium pastorium (H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.15. Phyllolobium prodigiosum (K.T.Fu) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.16. Phyllolobium sanbilingense (H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.17. Phyllolobium siccaneum (P.C.Li) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.18. Phyllolobium tingriense (C.C.Ni & P.C.Li) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.19. Phyllolobium tribulifolium (Bunge) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov.20. Phyllolobium turgidocarpum (K.T.Fu) M.L.Zhang & Podlech, comb. nov. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Apoptosis resistance and response to chemotherapy in primary nodal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Muris Jettie JF , Meijer Chris JLM , Ossenkoppele Gert J , Vos Wim , Oudejans Joost J 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL) represent the most common type of adult malignant lymphoma in western countries and are treated with high dose combination chemotherapy. Although initially the majority of patients respond to this therapy, many do not achieve complete remission and others experience an early relapse. Several studies have shown that prediction of the clinical response to chemotherapy is possible before the start of chemotherapy treatment. Apparently, DLBCL are intrinsically either resistant or sensitive to chemotherapy‐induced cell death. Differences in functional integrity of the apoptosis cascade are an important factor predicting outcome in DLBCL. In this review we discuss the possible mechanisms leading to intrinsic resistance to apoptosis and provide an explanation why strong differences in apoptosis sensitivity between DLBCL are observed. Subsequently we will focus on how differences in this intrinsic apoptosis resistance provide an explanation for the variable response to combination chemotherapy and how this can be used for further therapy tailoring. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the heat flux vector for flowing granular materials—Part I: effective thermal conductivity and background
Authors: Massoudi Mehrdad 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHeat transfer plays a major role in the processing of many particulate materials. The heat flux vector is commonly modelled by the Fourier's law of heat conduction and for complex materials such as non‐linear fluids, porous media, or granular materials, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is generalized by assuming that it would depend on a host of material and kinematical parameters such as temperature, shear rate, porosity or concentration, etc. In Part I, we will give a brief review of the basic equations of thermodynamics and heat transfer to indicate the importance of the modelling of the heat flux vector. We will also discuss the concept of effective thermal conductivity (ETC) in granular and porous media. In Part II, we propose and subsequently derive a properly frame‐invariant constitutive relationship for the heat flux vector for a (single phase) flowing granular medium. Standard methods in continuum mechanics such as representation theorems and homogenization techniques are used. It is shown that the heat flux vector in addition to being proportional to the temperature gradient (the Fourier's law), could also depend on the gradient of density (or volume fraction), and D (the symmetric part of the velocity gradient) in an appropriate manner. The emphasis in this paper is on the idea that for complex non‐linear materials it is the heat flux vector which should be studied; obtaining or proposing generalized form of the thermal conductivity is not always appropriate or sufficient. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic behaviour of commutation errors and the divergence of the Reynolds stress tensor near the wall in the turbulent channel flow
Authors: Berselli Luigi C. , John Volker 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe derivation of the space averaged Navier–Stokes equations for the large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent incompressible flows introduces two groups of terms which do not depend only on the space averaged flow field variables: the divergence of the Reynolds stress tensor and commutation errors. Whereas the former is studied intensively in the literature, the latter terms are usually neglected. This note studies the asymptotic behaviour of these terms for the turbulent channel flow at a wall in the case that the commutation errors arise from the application of a non‐uniform box filter. To perform analytical calculations, the unknown flow field is modelled by a wall law (Reichardt law and 1/αth power law) for the mean velocity profile and highly oscillating functions model the turbulent fluctuations. The asymptotics show that near the wall, the commutation errors are at least as important as the divergence of the Reynolds stress tensor. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Item analysis of the NHANES ADL instrument in a sample of patients reporting frequent severe headaches
Authors: Cook Chad , Pietrobon Ricardo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground and Purpose. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) activity of daily living (ADL) instrument is a 16‐item questionnaire designed to represent the internal latent construct of activities of daily living. The purpose of the present study was to measure selected psychometric properties (dimensionality, internal consistency and individual item response) of the NHANES ADL instrument on a population of patients who reported frequent severe headaches. Method. The study group consisted of 672 attendees of a traditional medical appointment with a report of severe headaches. Data analyses included exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency measures and graded item response theory. Results. The NHANES ADL instrument is a uni‐dimensional and internally consistent measure of activities of daily living. Graded item response theory analyses indicated that all 16 single items were sensitive measures of the latent construct of activities and daily living. Selected items demonstrated high discrimination while others demonstrated moderate discrimination among responses. Conclusion. Individual use of selected items of the NHANES ADL instrument may further improve the capacity of the healthcare provider in measuring and recording dysfunction associated with headaches. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapists' experiences and perceptions of teamwork in neurological rehabilitation: reasoning behind the team approach, structure and composition of the team and teamworking processes
Authors: Suddick Kitty Maria , De Souza Lorraine 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Teamwork and the interdisciplinary team approach have been strongly advocated for use in the provision of neurological rehabilitation services. However, whether teamwork has been adopted, and in what form, has yet to be established. The present study investigated therapists' experiences and perceptions of the reasoning behind the team approach in neurological rehabilitation, the structure and composition of the team within which they worked and the teamworking process Method. This article reports part of an exploratory qualitative study. Five occupational therapists and five physiotherapists from three teams: a rehabilitation centre; a community team; and a stroke unit based within the UK. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with each participant and then transcribed. Content and thematic analysis of the qualitative interview data was carried out, with respondents validating both the transcription and analysis stages. Results. Perceived composition and structure of the neurological rehabilitation team was variable across teams and between individual team members. There was disparity as to whether patients were included within the neurological team; the interdisciplinary team approach had not been consistently adopted and there were sub‐teams and other team memberships in existence. Reasoning behind the team approach supported the perceived benefits of teamwork from a number of perspectives, and the activities reported as part of the team process were diverse. Conclusions. Different teams may choose to use different strategies depending on the aims and context of the team effort. In some instances interdisciplinary teamwork and patient‐centred approaches were not adopted consistently and the process of teamwork itself is both complex and diverse. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Balance and gait improved in patients with MS after physiotherapy based on the Bobath concept
Authors: Smedal Tori , Lygren Hildegunn , Myhr Kjell‐Morten , Moe‐Nilssen Rolf , Gjelsvik Bente , Gjelsvik Olav , Strand Liv Inger 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) tend to have movement difficulties, and the effect of physiotherapy for this group of patients has been subjected to limited systematic research. In the present study physiotherapy based on the Bobath concept, applied to MS patients with balance and gait problems, was evaluated. The ability of different functional tests to demonstrate change was evaluated. Method. A single‐subject experimental study design with ABAA phases was used, and two patients with relapsing–remitting MS in stable phase were treated. Tests were performed 12 times, three at each phase: A (at baseline); B (during treatment); A (immediately after treatment); and A (after two months). The key feature of treatment was facilitation of postural activity and selective control of movement. Several performance and self‐report measures and interviews were used. Results. After intervention, improved balance was shown by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) in both patients, and improved quality of gait was indicated by the Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment (RVGA). The patients also reported improved balance and gait function in the interviews and scored their condition as ‘much improved’. Gait parameters, recorded by an electronic walkway, changed, but differently in the two patients. Among the physical performance tests the BBS and the RVGA demonstrated the highest change, while no or minimal change was demonstrated by the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) and Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Conclusion. The findings indicate that balance and gait can be improved after physiotherapy based on the Bobath concept, but this should be further evaluated in larger controlled trials of patients with MS. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence based practice: a survey of physiotherapists' current practice
Authors: Iles Ross , Davidson Megan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgound and Purpose. Evidence‐based practice is the explicit use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients and is a concept of growing importance for physiotherapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate Australian physiotherapists' self‐reported practice, skills and knowledge of evidence‐based practice and to examine differences between recent and experienced graduates, physiotherapists with low and high levels of training and physiotherapists working in private practice and hospital settings. Method. A survey was sent to 230 physiotherapists working in hospitals and in private practice. One hundred and twenty‐four were completed and returned. Results. Although 69.4% of respondents said they frequently (at least monthly) read research literature, only 10.6%, 15.3% and 26.6% of respondents, respectively, searched PEDro, Cochrane and Medline or Cinahl databases frequently, and only 25.8% of respondents reported critically appraising research reports. Recent graduates rated their evidence‐based practice skills more highly than more experienced graduates, but did not perform evidence‐based practice tasks more often. Physiotherapists with higher levels of training rated their evidence‐based practice skills more highly, were more likely to search databases and to understand a range of evidence‐based practice terminology than those with lower levels of training. Private practice and hospital physiotherapists rated their evidence‐based practice skills equally and performed most evidence‐based practice activities with equal frequency. Conclusions. Respondents had a positive attitude toward evidence‐based practice and the main barriers to evidence‐based practice were time required to keep up to date, access to easily understandable summaries of evidence, journal access and lack of personal skills in searching and evaluating research evidence. Efforts to advance evidence‐based practice in physiotherapy should focus on reducing these barriers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.