bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extract of Gualou-Xiebai Herb Pair Improves Lipid Metabolism Disorders
by Enhancing the Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Atherosclerosis Mice
Authors: Liu Yarong , Wang Tian , Ding Lidan , Li Zhenglong , Zhang Yexiang , Dai Min , Wu Hongfei 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Gualou is derived from the fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim,
while Xiebai from the bulbs of Allium macrostemon Bunge. Gualou and Xiebai herb pair (2:1) is
widely used in clinical practice to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, the
mechanism underlying its potential activity on atherosclerosis (AS) has not been fully elucidated.

Methods:
The extract of Gualou-Xiebai herb pair (GXE) was prepared from Gualou (80 g) and
Xiebai (40 g) by continuous refluxing with 50% ethanol for 2 h at 80°C. In vivo, ApoE-/- mice
were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce an AS model, and then the mice were
treated with GXE (3, 6, 12 g/kg) or atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) via oral gavage. Besides, RAW264.7
macrophages were stimulated by ox-LDL to establish a foam cell model in vitro.

Results:
GXE suppressed plaque formation, regulated plasma lipids, and promoted liver lipid
clearance in AS mice. In addition, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL GXE significantly reduced the TC and
FC levels in ox-LDL (50 μg/mL)-stimulated foam cells. GXE increased cholesterol efflux from
the foam cells to ApoA-1 and HDL, and enhanced the protein expressions of ABCA1, ABCG1,
and SR-BI, which were reversed by the PPARγ inhibitor. Meanwhile, GXE increased the LCAT
levels, decreased the lipid levels and increased the TBA levels in the liver of AS mice. Molecular
docking indicated that some compounds in GXE showed favorable binding energy
with PPARγ, LCAT and CYP7A1 proteins, especially apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin.

Conclusion:
In summary, our results suggested that GXE improved lipid metabolism
disorders by enhancing RCT, providing a scientific basis for the clinical use of GXE in AS
treatment.
An Insight into Common and Advanced Synthesis Methodologies of Acyl Urea Analogs Targeting the CNS
Authors: Kumari Preeti , Mishra Rakhi , Mazumder Rupa , Mazumder Avijit , Singh Ayushi , Singh Gurvinder , Tyagi Pankaj Kumar 
Published: April 2024

:
The acyl urea functionality and related analogs are increasingly used in medicinal chemistry
and drug design to prove well-defined pharmacological actions and optimal physicochemical properties.
This review paper aimed to summarize information related to synthesis methods of acyl urea derivatives,
marketed products, and patents to explore their applications in counteracting CNS-related
diseases by multiple targeting. Comprehensive data related to acyl urea and related compounds of the
last 15 years is collected from various resources to provide enormous information to the readers. The
content of the study uniformly includes considerable evidence linked to the common and unique synthesis
techniques of acyl urea from starting materials like benzamide, isocyanates, substituted iodoglycals,
2 chloro nicotinic acid, and methyl hydrazines, as well as patents related to the same. This
work describes the reactions of several substrates that can be used to manufacture various acyl urea
derivatives. An understanding of patents related to acyl urea analogs with specific targets for CNS
action may also help researchers working on additional synthesis of acyl urea derivatives with potential
CNS action.
Design, Synthesis, and In vitro Biological Activities of Matrine Skeleton Derivatives as Potential Cancer Inhibitors
Authors: Zhou Bin , Wang Lisheng , Wei Yongquan , Jiang Meiyan , Wang Xingdong 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Thirteen derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the excellent
lead compound Matrine.

Objective:
This study aimed to discover novel anticancer agents with superior anticancer activity and
to support the discovery of new drugs.

Methods:
The in vitro antiproliferative activity of all derivatives against four human cancer cells,
A549, HGC-27, HCT-116, and HeLa, was determined by MTT. The best active compounds were
subjected to cell cloning, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis, and molecular docking.

Results:
Compound 5XI showed the best activity against all four cell lines, especially against A549
cells, with an IC50 of 5.805 μmol/L. The antiproliferative activity of 5XI was much higher than that
of matrine and only slightly weaker than that of Cisplatin, a multi-targeted small molecule inhibitor.
5XI also showed excellent inhibitory activity in cell cycle, apoptosis, cell scratch, and cell cloning
assays and has shown good affinity in docking studies.

Conclusion:
5XI has excellent antiproliferative activity, significantly inhibits cell cloning and migration,
affects cancer cell cycle distribution, and induces apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner,
making it a potential anticancer drug agent.
A Comprehensive Review on GLP-1 Signaling Pathways in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus - Focus on the Potential Role of GLP-1 Receptors Agonists and Selenium among Various Organ Systems
Authors: Barakat Ghinwa , Assi Ghaith , Khalil Hussein , El Khatib Sami 
Published: April 2024

:
Diabetes Mellitus develops when the body becomes unable to fuel its cells with glucose,
which results in the accumulation of sugar excess in the bloodstream. Because it has diverse
pathophysiological impacts on the body, diabetes mellitus represents a significant issue of
concern in an attempt to find suitable treatment modalities and medications for afflicted diabetic
patients. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) plays a pivotal role in the incretin effect, emerging as
a prospective treatment for diabetes mellitus and a promising means of regenerating pancreatic
cells, whether directly or through its receptor agonists. It has been shown that GLP-1 efficiently
increases insulin production, lowers blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,
and decreases appetite, craving, and hunger, therefore amplifying the sensation of fullness and
satiety. Moreover, since they are all dependent on GLP-1 effect, intricate signaling pathways
share some similarities during specific phases, although the pathways continue to exhibit significant
divergence engendered by specific reactions and effects in each organ, which encompasses
the rationale behind observed differences. This triggers an expanding range of GLP-1 R agonists,
creating new unforeseen research and therapeutic application prospects.

:
This review aims to explain the incretin effect, discuss how GLP-1 regulates blood glucose levels,
and how it affects different body organs, as well as how it transmits signals, before introducing
selenium's role in the incretin impact.
Monochasma Savatieri Aqueous Extract inhibits Human Breast Cancer Cell Line
Migration and Adhesion Without Generating Toxicity
Authors: Tan Lin , Solis-Sainz Juan C. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Monochasma savatieri, is a rare and endangered plant used to treat cancer in Chinese
traditional medicine.

Objective:
To evaluate the anti-cancer activity of M. savatieri aqueous extract by determining its cytotoxicity,
anti-migratory, and anti-adhesion effects on breast cancer cells.

Methods:
Cell viability, migration, adhesion, circularity, and cell cycle were evaluated by crystal violet (CV)
staining, wound-healing, and transwell assays and flow cytometry in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Caveolin-1,
snail, vimentin and activated Erk and Akt expression were determined by western blot in MDA-MB-231 cells.
Immunofluorescent assays confirmed caveolin-1 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Results:
Survival and cell cycle of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were not modified by doses up to 500 μg/mL
of the extract. The extract inhibited cell migration and adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells. When cells were exposed
to the extract, there was a slight decrease in protein expression of factors related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition (snail and vimentin) and a strong decrease in the expression of the oncogenic membrane protein caveolin-
1. Furthermore, the levels of phosphorylated Erk and Akt were also decreased. The content of acteoside, a
phenylpropanoid glycoside with reported anti-cancer activity present in M. savatieri, was almost 5 times as much
as isoacteoside.

Conclusion:
M. savatieri possesses anti-cancer activity without exerting cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells. The
extract exhibited anti-migratory and anti-adhesion effects on breast cancer cells by regulating Erk and Akt signaling
pathways and the expression of caveolin-1. In addition, acteoside present in M. savatieri could be responsible
for the observed effects.
The Development of Organotin(IV) N-Ethyl-N-Benzyldithiocarbamate Complexes: A
Study on Their Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytocidal Effects on A549 Cell Line
Authors: Abd Aziz Nurul Amalina , Awang Normah , Kamaludin Nurul Farahana , Mohamad Anuar Nur Najmi , Hamid Asmah , Chan Kok Meng , Arshad Suhana 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Organotin(IV) complexes of dithiocarbamate are vital in medicinal chemistry, exhibiting
potential in targeting cancer cells due to their unique properties that enhance targeted delivery. This study aimed
to synthesize and characterize organotin(IV) N-ethyl-N-benzyldithiocarbamate complexes (ONBDCs) and evaluate
their cytotoxicity against A549 cells, which are commonly used as a model for human lung cancer research.

Method:
The two ONBDC derivatives – ONBDC 1 (dimethyltin(IV) N-ethyl-N-benzyldithiocarbamate) and
ONBDC 2 (triphenyltin(IV) N-ethyl-N-benzyldithiocarbamate) – were synthesized via the reaction of tin(IV)
chloride with N-ethylbenzylamine in the presence of carbon disulfide. A range of analytical techniques, including
elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrometry, TGA/DTA analysis, and X-ray
crystallography, was conducted to characterize these compounds comprehensively. The cytotoxic effects of
ONBDCs against A549 cells were evaluated using MTT assay.

Results:
Both compounds were synthesized and characterized successfully via elemental and spectroscopies
analysis. MTT assay revealed that ONBDC 2 demonstrated remarkable cytotoxicity towards A549 cells, with an
IC50 value of 0.52 μM. Additionally, ONBDC 2 displayed significantly higher cytotoxic activity against the A549
cell line when compared to the commercially available chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (IC50: 32 μM).

Conclusion:
Thus, it was shown that ONBDC 2 could have important anticancer properties and should be further
explored as a top contender for creating improved and specialized cancer treatments.
Simulation of the Die and Punch Behavior During the Compaction Process
of Alumina-Based Matrix Composite Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Al Njjar Ameen , Mazloum Kamar , Sata Amit 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Compaction in the powder metallurgy process typically involves using a
die and punch, applying high pressure to mixed powder to achieve product quality, such as geometry,
density, and porosity. This step is critical in the powder metallurgy process.

Objective:
This study aims to systematically design and manufacture a die and punch for compacting
an Alumina-based matrix composite. Specimens were selected according to ASTM C 1421-10
guidelines, and the die and punch were constructed using AISI D3 tool steel alloy.

Methods:
To ensure satisfactory compaction, the design underwent virtual testing using Finite Element
Analysis (FEA) with compaction loads ranging from 2.5 to 20 tons in 2.5-ton increments.
The simulation results were validated through experimental testing.

Results:
The die parts were analyzed for three-dimensional stress and deformation during compaction.
Maximum stress distribution was observed in the Alumina powder, followed by the punch,
plate, and die. Additionally, compaction behavior and density tests confirmed that a compaction
pressure of 548 MPa or more results in high relative density in the Alumina-based matrix composite
powder during the compaction process.

Conclusion:
Both simulation and experimental results indicate that a compaction pressure of 548
MPa or more is necessary to achieve satisfactory compaction of the Alumina-based matrix composite.
These findings offer practical implications for optimizing the powder metallurgy compaction
process and reducing costs.
M Score Performance Measure for Islamic Banks in Malaysia and Indonesia: A new benchmarking performance instrument for Islamic institution
Authors: Abdul Rahim Memiyanty , Zainuddin Azizan , Mohamed Shith Mohd Sirajuddin Siswadi Putera , Sulistyowati Sulistyowati , Hadji Latif Sahraman D. , Ismal Rifki 
Published: April 2024

Performance measurement is vital to examine the performance of any institution. Due to the different nature of business operations, processes, and activities in Islamic banks, they have to be measured by a more focused instrument to reflect the Shariah compliance parts and their business nature compared to the conventional banks. Hence, M Score which has been developed by Abdul Rahim, Abdul Rahman and Syed AlHabshi (2016) has been adopted in this study. The findings from the computation will indicate which country gains the higher M Score in performance, and this can be used as a benchmarking exercise. This research aims to analyse and compare the M Score performance of Islamic banks in Malaysia and Indonesia. The content analysis via Annual Reports of Islamic banks has been used for this study. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The research was conducted on Islamic banks in Malaysia and Indonesia over a period of two years, from 2020-2021. This comparative research is expected to be an evaluation tool for Malaysian Islamic banks, helping them improve their performance to catch up with their counterparts in Indonesia. Thus, the purpose of this research proposal is to analyse and compare the effect of the soundness of Islamic banks based on the M Score performance of Islamic banks in Malaysia and Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that Islamic banks in Indonesia have a higher M Score ranking than those in Malaysia. There are significant differences in the performance of Islamic banks based on the Need Fulfilment and Equitable Distribution (NFED), Economic Growth (EG), and Economic Stability (ES) in Malaysia and Indonesia.
Association Between Frequency of Muscle-Strengthening Exercise and Depression Symptoms Among Middle and High School Students: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Wang Hao , Du Huaidong , Guan Yunqi , Zhong Jieming , Li Na , Pan Jin , Yu Min 
Published: April 2024

Background
Existing literature on the association between the frequency of muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) and depression among adolescents is limited and contradictory.

Objective
This study aimed to elucidate the association of MSE frequency with depression symptoms among middle and high school students in China.

Methods
A total of 27,070 students in grades 7-12 from 376 middle and high schools were surveyed using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire between April and June 2022. Information on engaging in MSE was self-reported, and depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Poisson regression was used to examine the association between MSE frequency and depression symptoms.

Results
Among the 27,006 eligible students, 51.6% (n=13,933) were boys, and the mean age was 15.6 (SD 1.7) years. The overall prevalence of meeting MSE recommendations (ie, engaging in MSE ≥3 days/week) was 34.6% (95% CI 32.6%-36.6%; n=9145); the prevalence was higher in boys (43.8%, 95% CI 41.8%-45.8%; 6067/13,933) than in girls (24.3%, 95% CI 22%-26.6%; 3078/13,073; P<.001). A total of 5882 (21.8%) students reported having depression symptoms. After adjustment for sociodemographic status, lifestyle factors, academic performance, and experience of physical fighting, compared to students who did not engage in MSE, the prevalence ratios (PRs) for depression symptoms were 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.99) for those engaging in MSE once a week, 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97) for 2 days/week, 0.93 (95% CI 0.90-0.96) for 3 days/week, 0.90 (95% CI 0.87-0.94) for 4 days/week, 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.93) for 5 days/week, 0.86 (95% CI 0.81-0.92) for 6 days/week, and 0.84 (95% CI 0.78-0.90) for 7 days/week, respectively.

Conclusions
The overall prevalence of meeting MSE recommendations among Chinese adolescents is low. The frequency of MSE was inversely associated with depression symptoms.
Evaluating the Disease-Related Experiences of TikTok Users With Lupus Erythematosus: Qualitative and Content Analysis
Authors: Wanberg Lindsey J , Pearson David R 
Published: April 2024

Background
Lupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune condition that is associated with significant detriments to quality of life and daily functioning. TikTok, a popular social networking platform for sharing short videos, provides a unique opportunity to understand experiences with LE within a nonclinical sample, a population that is understudied in LE research. This is the first qualitative study that explores LE experiences using the TikTok platform.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the disease-related experiences of TikTok users with LE using qualitative and content analysis.

Methods
TikTok videos were included if the hashtags included #lupus, were downloadable, were in English, and involved the personal experience of an individual with LE. A codebook was developed using a standardized inductive approach of iterative coding until saturation was reached. NVivo (Lumivero), a qualitative analysis software platform, was used to code videos and perform content analysis. Inductive thematic analysis was used to derive themes from the data.

Results
A total of 153 TikTok videos met the inclusion criteria. The most common codes were experiences with symptoms (106/153, 69.3%), mucocutaneous symptoms (61/153, 39.9%), and experiences with treatment (59/153, 38.6%). Experiences with symptoms and mucocutaneous symptoms had the greatest cumulative views (25,381,074 and 14,879,109 views, respectively). Five thematic conclusions were derived from the data: (1) mucocutaneous symptoms had profound effects on the mental health and body image of TikTok users with LE; (2) TikTok users’ negative experiences with health care workers were often derived from diagnostic delays and perceptions of “medical gaslighting”; (3) TikTok users tended to portray pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions, such as diet and naturopathic remedies, positively, whereas pharmacologic treatments were portrayed negatively or referred to as “chemotherapy”; (4) LE symptoms, particularly musculoskeletal symptoms and fatigue, interfered with users’ daily functioning; and (5) although TikTok users frequently had strong support systems, feelings of isolation were often attributed to battling an “invisible illness.”

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that social media can provide important, clinically relevant information for health practitioners caring for patients with chronic conditions such as LE. As mucocutaneous symptoms were the predominant drivers of distress in our sample, the treatment of hair loss and rash is vital in this population. However, pharmacologic therapies were often depicted negatively, reinforcing the significance of discussions on the safety and effectiveness of these treatments. In addition, while TikTok users demonstrated robust support systems, feelings of having an “invisible illness” and “medical gaslighting” dominated negative interactions with others. This underscores the importance of providing validation in clinical interactions.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Hospitalization, and Associated Factors Among People Living With HIV in Southeastern China From December 2022 to February 2023: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Cheng Wei , Xu Yun , Jiang Haibo , Li Jun , Hou Zhigang , Meng Haibin , Wang Wei , Chai Chengliang , Jiang Jianmin 
Published: April 2024

Background
Limited studies have explored the impact of the Omicron variant on SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and associated factors among people living with HIV, particularly in China. The adjustment of preventive policies since December 2022 in China presents an opportunity to evaluate the real-world factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 infection and related hospitalization among people living with HIV.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization rates, and associated factors among people living with HIV following the adjustment of preventive policies from December 2022 to February 2023 in southeastern China.

Methods
A cross-sectional telephone or web-based survey was conducted among people living with HIV in 5 cities in southeastern China from December 2022 to February 2023. Demographic information, SARS-CoV-2 infection and related hospitalization, and HIV-specific characteristics were collected from existing databases and special investigations. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated factors for infection and hospitalization rates of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted for the association between vaccination and infection across different vaccination statuses and time since the last vaccination.

Results
Among people living with HIV with a COVID-19 testing history, the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was 67.13% (95% CI 65.81%-68.13%), whereas the hospitalization rate was 0.71% (95% CI 0.46%-0.97%). Factors such as age, latest CD4 cell count, latest HIV viral load, and transmission route were found to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, while age, cancer, latest CD4 cell count, and latest HIV viral load were associated with SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization. In terms of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, compared to unvaccinated people living with HIV, there was a lower infection rate among those who had been vaccinated for <3 months in the booster vaccination group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.98; P=.04); and there was also a lower risk of hospitalization among people living with HIV who had received vaccination in the past 6-12 months (aOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.14-0.81; P=.02) and more than 12 months ago (aOR 0.22, 95% CI 0.07-0.72; P=.01).

Conclusions
After the ease of prevention and control measures in China, we observed a high SARS-CoV-2 infection rate but a low hospitalization rate. General risk factors, such as higher age and vaccination status, and HIV-related parameters, such as the latest CD4 cell count and HIV viral load, were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization. A booster vaccination campaign for booster doses should be considered among people living with HIV in confronting possible COVID-19 epidemic emergencies in the near future.