bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appropriate similarity measures for author co‐citation analysis
Authors: van Eck Nees Jan , Waltman Ludo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe provide in this article a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author co‐citation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors' co‐citation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well‐known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. We show by means of an example that the choice of an appropriate similarity measure has a high practical relevance. Finally, we discuss the use of similarity measures for statistical inference.
Gaussian copula under multiscale volatility
Authors: Xu Yongqing , Song Liping 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA copula is a multidimensional joint distribution function on random variables with uniform distribution. Gaussian copula is a special kind of copula that is widely applied in the study of financial markets. Although it is a very popular tool, Gaussian copula has an obvious shortcoming—it cannot show the tail dependence, which is an important property of the copula. The essence of tail dependence is the interdependence when the extreme events occur. Fouque and Zhou (Perturbed Gaussian copula. 2006; submitted) have discussed perturbed Gaussian copula under one stochastic volatility factor with a fast scale, and they used singular perturbation techniques to derive an approximate copula. Our work can be treated as the generalization and extension of the work of Fouque and Zhou (Perturbed Gaussian copula. 2006; submitted). In our paper, we will investigate the problem where the volatilities of goal variables are driven by two random variables, namely, it is a multiscale volatility model. In the model, we use a fast mean reverting Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process to depict the first scale, and a slow varying diffusion process to depict the second scale. We also use the regular and singular perturbation methods developed in the work of Fouque et al. (Multiscale Model. Simul. 2003; 2(1):22–42) to derive the approximate copula. We show that some tail dependence can be restored by Gaussian copula under multiscale stochastic volatility. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic stability of 2′‐ethylcarbonate‐linked paclitaxel in serum and conversion to paclitaxel by rabbit liver carboxylesterase for use in prodrug/enzyme therapy
Authors: Tanino Tadatoshi , Nawa Akihiro , Miki Yasuyoshi , Iwaki Masahiro 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn prodrug/enzyme therapy for cancer, information on the sensitivity of hydrolytic enzymes to prodrug is required to reduce adverse effects of the parental drug and to find the activating enzyme. The aim of this study was to characterize the enzymatic stability of 2′‐ethylcarbonate‐linked paclitaxel (TAX‐2′‐Et) in the sera of several different species including humans. TAX‐2′‐Et disposition in serum was kinetically analysed using models with hydrolytic and/or degradation processes. To further evaluate the capability of liver carboxylesterases (CESs) in TAX‐2′‐Et hydrolysis, a CES isolated from rabbit liver (Ra‐CES) was utilized as a model enzyme. Rat serum provided rapid enzymatic hydrolysis of TAX‐2′‐Et with a half‐life of 4 min. The degradation of paclitaxel (TAX) (degradation rate constant, 0.16 h−1) was accompanied by the formation of an unknown compound. The conversion to TAX was almost completely inhibited by phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride (PMSF) and bis(p‐nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP). In human and rabbit sera, the degradation rate constant of TAX‐2′‐Et was 5.1 × 10−2 and 0.15 h−1, respectively, when excepting hydrolysis. The degradation products had the same molecular weight as TAX‐2′‐Et. The amount of TAX produced accounted for only 8–11% of the decrease in TAX‐2′‐Et after a 9 h exposure to rabbit or human serum. PMSF, but not BNPP, inhibited more than 90% of the TAX production in a 1.5 h incubation with human or rabbit serum. Ra‐CES enzyme converted TAX‐2′‐Et to TAX with Vmax and Km of 74.7±13.8 nmol/min/mg protein and 8.8±2.8 µM, respectively. These results indicate that TAX‐2′‐Et is sensitive to serum CESs, but not cholinesterases. However, serum CESs show species‐dependent hydrolysis of TAX‐2′‐Et. Although human serum allows the slow release of TAX, TAX‐2′‐Et is expected to reduce the side‐effects of TAX. The Ra‐CES enzyme is capable of hydrolysing TAX‐2′‐Et, which may be beneficial for the development of a TAX‐2′‐Et/enzyme therapy strategy for ovarian cancer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospective matched-pair comparison of outcome after treatment for lobular and ductal breast carcinoma
Authors: Ní Mhuircheartaigh J , Curran C , Hennessy E , Kerin M J 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Whether the prognosis of invasive lobular carcinoma is different from that of other invasive breast cancers is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome in age- and stage-matched patients with lobular carcinoma and those with invasive breast cancer, and in particular to compare predictors of outcome.

Methods
Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database that included patients who had breast surgery for invasive cancer. Patients were matched for International Union Against Cancer stage and age at diagnosis within 5 years. Two patients with invasive ductal carcinoma were matched to each patient with invasive lobular carcinoma.

Results
There was no significant difference between invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas in terms of overall survival. Oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive invasive ductal carcinoma had a better prognosis than ER-positive invasive lobular carcinoma (P = 0·011). Similarly, ER-negative invasive ductal carcinoma was associated with worse survival than ER-negative invasive lobular carcinoma (P = 0·054).

Conclusion
These results suggested that the differences in outcome between invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas may be determined by ER status.
Quantitative and individualized assessment of the learning curve using LC-CUSUM
Authors: Biau D J , Williams S M , Schlup M M , Nizard R S , Porcher R 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Current methods available for assessing the learning curve, such as a predefined number of procedures or direct observation by a tutor, are unsatisfactory. A new tool, the cumulative summation test for learning curve (LC-CUSUM), has been developed that allows quantitative and individual assessment of the learning curve.

Methods
Some 532 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs) performed by one endoscopist over 8 years were analysed retrospectively using LC-CUSUM to assess the learning curve. The procedure was new to the endoscopist and monitored prospectively in the initial study. Success of the procedure was defined as cannulation and proper visualization of the duct(s) selected before the examination.

Results
Fifty ERCPs were considered unsuccessful. There was a gradual improvement in performance over time from a success rate of 82·0 per cent for the first 100 procedures to 96·1 per cent for the last 129 procedures. The LC-CUSUM signalled at the 79th procedure, indicating that sufficient evidence had accumulated to prove that the endoscopist was competent.

Conclusion
LC-CUSUM allows quantitative monitoring of individual performance during the learning process.
Treatment of acute limb ischemia with a percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy‐based endovascular approach: 5‐year limb salvage and survival results from a single center series
Authors: Ansel Gary M. , Botti Charles F. , Silver Mitchell J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives: The study evaluated long‐term limb salvage and survival of an endovascular approach that incorporates mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) in the management of arterial thrombosis. Background: Acute limb ischemia is associated with a high risk of amputation and death. Previous reports from the United States (U.S.) of surgical and nonsurgical treatments are limited to primarily 30 days to 1 year. Methods: Single‐center, retrospective review of 57 consecutive patients (30 male, 27 female; mean age 63.8 ± 13.8 years) treated for limb threatening ischemia due to thrombotic arterial occlusions. Data includes baseline assessments, procedural outcomes, in‐hospital complications, 30‐day, and long‐term follow‐up. Results: Ninety‐three percent of patients (n = 53) presented with onset of symptoms (<14 days). Angiography following PMT showed thrombus removal complete/substantial 36 (63.6%), partial 16 (28.0%), and minimal 5 (8.8%), respectively. Catheter‐directed thrombolysis was used after PMT in 18 patients (31.6%). In‐hospital success with limb salvage was attained in 96.5% (n = 55) with mortality of 3.5% (n = 2). Thirty‐day limb salvage and mortality were 94.7% (n = 54) and 5.3% (n = 3), respectively. At mean 5‐year follow‐up (mean = 62 months), three patients have been lost to follow‐up. The results of 54/57 (94.7%) are available. Amputation free survival was 94.7% (n = 36/38) with long‐term mortality rate of 29.6% (n = 16/54). Conclusions: Acute limb ischemia treated with PMT alone or in combination with thrombolysis, followed by definitive therapy, results in favorable long‐term limb salvage. Allowing for appreciable long‐term mortality in vascular patients, survivors demonstrate amputation‐free success from the initial endovascular procedure with low reintervention rate. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One year perspective on COURAGE
Authors: Tommaso Carl L. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Doctor: “Ma'am you need an angioplasty”Patient: “Doctor, the newspaper says that medicine is as good as angioplasty”Doctor: “Ma'am you're having a heart attack”
The COURAGE trial was published 1 year ago and received attention from the media, patients, and other medical specialties concerning the value of percutaneous coronary intervention. Now, 1 year later there has been time to reflect on COURAGE, and some newer data have emerged. The purpose of this article is to put into perspective the issues surrounding the COURAGE trial and suggest different approaches for future trials of stable coronary artery disease. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amplatzer vascular plug closure of a Blalock–Taussig shunt through a Glenn shunt
Authors: Ramakrishnan S. , Kothari Shyam S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe describe an unusual route and uncommon device use for the percutaneous closure of a modified Blalock–Taussig (BT) shunt. A 4‐year‐old male had presented with severe upper body swelling after a bidirectional Glenn shunt done one month earlier. The BT shunt which was clipped during the surgery was found to be patent. The BT shunt was finally closed from the bidirectional Glenn using an Amplatzer vascular plug, resulting in symptom relief. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous saphenous vein graft intervention with sequential embolic protection devices: Complementing lesion anatomy with embolic protection device
Authors: Grow Parker , Rab S. Tanveer 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSaphenous vein graft (SVG) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) carries unique technical challenges requiring the utilization of embolic protection devices (EPDs) to reduce the adverse events associated with distal embolization. Distal embolization is a common and almost ubiquitous consequence of SVG PCI due to the soft and friable nature of the SVG lesions. We describe a case of revascularizing a SVG with tandem stenoses employing the use of two different EPDs that complemented their respective lesion's location within the SVG. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usefulness of subcutaneous nitrate for radial access
Authors: Ouadhour Anissa , Sideris Georgios , Smida Walid , Logeart Damien , Stratiev Victor , Henry Patrick 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives: We made the hypothesis that adjunction of nitrate to lidocaine for local anesthesia may facilitate accessibility of radial access. Background: Transradial approach is associated with a clear decrease in the rate of access bleeding when compared with femoral approach. The diffusion of this technique remains limited due to the small size and the spastic profile of this artery. Methods: Eighty‐four consecutive patients undergoing coronary procedures using radial approach were randomly assigned between two types of local anesthesia (double blind): 5 ml lidocaine (group L)—5 ml lidocaine + 0.5 mg dinitrate isosorbide (group LN). The primary endpoint was the duration of radial puncture (from beginning of local anesthesia to sheath insertion) and the total number of punctures. Results: Sixty‐two men and 22 women (mean age 59 ± 8 y.o.) were included. Mean ± SEM access duration was 3:33 ± 3:11 min in group L when compared with 2:26 ± 1:20 min in group LN (P < 0.05). Mean number of puncture was 1.50 ± 1.0 in group L when compared with 1.16 ± 0.5 in group LN (P = 0.05). There were no differences between two groups concerning pain score during anesthesia and sheath insertion. There was no difference between two groups concerning the rate of hypotensive and vagal reactions. Radial spasm occurred in four patients in group L and only one in the group LN. Conclusion: Local anesthesia using lidocaine plus nitrate is feasible and improves the accessibility of radial access. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The spindle function of CDCA4
Authors: Wang Limin , Zhu Guixin , Yang Dong , Li Qianyi , Li Yongzhe , Xu Xingzhi , He Dacheng , Zeng Changqing 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn an attempt to discover novel proteins functioning in both interphase nucleus and mitotic spindle as NuMA does, we carried out cDNA library screening with pooled autoimmune antibodies. Among positive clones we found a recently identified transcription regulatory protein (CDCA4) with the distinctive nuclear‐mitotic apparatus distribution. CDCA4 localizes at metaphase spindle poles and the midzone in later stages. Additionally, an intensive CDCA4 accumulation parallel to spindle was observed in half of metaphase cells but not in later stages, implying a transient form of CDCA4 binding to midzone from anaphase. Mitotic arrest dissolved CDCA4 from centrosomes but during the spindle recovery, CDCA4 invariably colocalized with the microtubule nucleation foci as a component of microtubule organization center. RNA interference of CDCA4 resulted in significant increase of multinuclei and multipolar spindles, suggesting impaired function in chromosome segregation or cytokinesis. However, the spindle checkpoint and the centrosome cycle appeared not to be affected by such interference. Furthermore, CDCA4 depletion resulted in accelerated cell proliferation, perhaps due to the disruption of CDCA4 nuclear function as a transcription suppressor. Interphase CDCA4 is localized in nucleoli by immunofluorescence, although GFP‐CDCA4 expressed in the nucleoplasm. An N‐terminal KRKC domain appears to be the nuclear localization signal as identified by sequence alignment and the expression of truncated mutants. Taken together, our results suggested that as a novel nuclearmitotic apparatus protein, CDCA4 is involved in spindle organization from prometaphase. When anaphase begins, CDCA4 may play a different role as a midzone factor involved in chromosome segregation or cytokinesis. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic model of one‐cycle control for converters operating in continuous and discontinuous conduction modes
Authors: Femia N. , Fortunato M. , Petrone G. , Spagnuolo G. , Vitelli M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this paper a new dynamic model of one‐cycle‐controlled converters operating either in continuous or in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is introduced. The static and dynamic behaviour is analysed by using sampled‐data modelling combined with the small‐signal linearization of the average model of the converter's power stage. The proposed model is valid for frequencies up to half the switching frequency and, while the other dynamic models presented in the literature cover continuous conduction mode only, it also gives an accurate prediction of the system's dynamic behaviour in the DCM. The model allows to determine the closed‐form expression of the reference‐to‐output transfer functionGof the system, which is a fundamental prerequisite for the design of a conventional output feedback control circuit aimed at improving the dynamic behaviour of the system in response to load variations.In this paper it is also shown that one‐cycle control does not work properly in switching converters operating in deep DCM if some specific design constraints are not fulfilled.The theoretical predictions are confirmed by the results of suitable numerical simulations and laboratory experiments on a one‐cycle‐controlled buck‐switching converter. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HDAC4 inhibits cell‐cycle progression and protects neurons from cell death
Authors: Majdzadeh Nazanin , Wang Lulu , Morrison Brad E. , Bassel‐Duby Rhonda , Olson Eric N. , D'Mello Santosh R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHDAC4 is a Class II histone deacetylase (HDAC) that is highly expressed in the brain, but whose functional significance in the brain is not known. We show that forced expression of HDAC4 in cerebellar granule neurons protects them against low potassium‐induced apoptosis. HDAC4 also protects HT22 neuroblastoma cells from death induced by oxidative stress. HDAC4‐mediated neuroprotection does not require its HDAC catalytic domain and cannot be inhibited by chemical inhibitors of HDACs. Neuroprotection by HDAC4 also does not require the Raf‐MEK‐ERK or the PI‐3 kinase‐Akt signaling pathways and occurs despite the activation of c‐jun, an event that is generally believed to condemn neurons to die. The protective action of HDAC4 occurs in the nucleus and is mediated by a region that contains the nuclear localization signal. HDAC4 inhibits the activity of cyclin‐dependent kinase‐1 (CDK1) and the progression of proliferating HEK293T and HT22 cells through the cell cycle. Mice‐lacking HDAC4 have elevated CDK1 activity and display cerebellar abnormalities including a progressive loss of Purkinje neurons postnatally in posterior lobes. Surviving Purkinje neurons in these lobes have duplicated soma. Furthermore, large numbers of cells within these affected lobes incorporate BrdU, indicating cell‐cycle progression. These abnormalities along with the ability of HDAC4 to inhibit CDK1 and cell‐cycle progression in cultured cells suggest that neuroprotection by HDAC4 is mediated by preventing abortive cell‐cycle progression. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008.
Distribution of glial‐associated proteins in the developing chick auditory brainstem
Authors: Korn Matthew J. , Cramer Karina S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn the avian brainstem, nucleus magnocellularis (NM) projects bilaterally to nucleus laminaris (NL) in a pathway that facilitates sound localization. The distribution of glia during the development of this pathway has not previously been characterized. Radial glia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes facilitate many processes including axon pathfinding, synaptic development, and maturation. Here we determined the spatiotemporal expression patterns of glial cell types in embryonic development of the chick auditory brainstem using glial‐specific antibodies and histological markers. We found that vimentin‐positive processes are intercalated throughout the NL cell layer. Astrocytes are found in two domains: one in the ventral neuropil region and the other dorsolateral to NM. GFAP‐positive processes are primarily distributed along the ventral margin of NL. Astrocytic processes penetrate the NL cell layer following the onset of synaptogenesis, but before pruning and maturation. The dynamic, nonoverlapping expression patterns of GFAP and vimentin suggest that distinct glial populations are found in dorsal versus ventral regions of NL. Myelination occurs after axons have reached their targets. FluoroMyelin and myelin basic protein (MBP) gradually increase along the mediolateral axis of NL starting at E10. Multiple GFAP‐positive processes are directly apposed to NM‐NL axons and MBP, which suggests a role in early myelinogenesis. Our results show considerable changes in glial development after initial NM‐NL connections are made, suggesting that glia may facilitate maturation of the auditory circuit. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008.
Expression of FoxC, FoxF, FoxL1, and FoxQ1 genes in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula defines ancient and derived roles for fox genes in vertebrate development
Authors: Wotton Karl R. , Mazet Françoise , Shimeld Sebastian M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn the human genome, members of the FoxC, FoxF, FoxL1, and FoxQ1 gene families are found in two paralagous clusters. Here we characterize all four gene families in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, a member of the cartilaginous fish lineage that diverged before the radiation of osteichthyan vertebrates. We identify two FoxC genes, two FoxF genes, and single FoxQ1 and FoxL1 genes, demonstrating cluster duplication preceded the radiation of gnathostomes. The expression of all six genes was analyzed by in situ hybridization. The results show conserved expression of FoxL1, FoxF, and FoxC genes in different compartments of the mesoderm and of FoxQ1 in pharyngeal endoderm and its derivatives, confirming these as ancient sites of Fox gene expression, and also illustrate multiple cases of lineage‐specific expression domains. Comparison to invertebrate chordates shows that the majority of conserved vertebrate expression domains mark tissues that are part of the primitive chordate body plan. Developmental Dynamics 237:1590‐1603, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of TGF‐βs in the embryonic nervous system: Analysis of interbalance between isoforms
Authors: Mecha M. , Rabadán M.A. , Peña‐Melián A. , Valencia M. , Mondéjar T. , Blanco M.J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) is a family of growth factors with essential and multiple roles during embryonic development. In mammals, three isoforms (TGF‐β1, TGF‐β2, TGF‐β3) have been described. In the nervous system, the presence of TGF‐β1 has remained undetectable in other structures than meninges and choroids plexus, while TGF‐β2 and TGF‐β3 were considered as the neural members of the family. In the present study, we have analysed the expression pattern of the three isoforms in the neural tube, brain, and spinal cord during development in both mouse and chicken. The data reveal specific patterns for each isoform. This work also shows that both TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β3 are expressed in neural crest cells. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of interbalance between TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β3 with possible functional implications, which, together with the expression of TGF‐β1 in the CNS, represents one of the most important contributions of this work. Developmental Dynamics 237:1709–1717, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.