bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different levels of CO2 on the antioxidant content and the polyphenol oxidase activity of ‘Rocha’ pears during cold storage
Authors: Galvis‐Sánchez Andrea C , Fonseca Susana C , Gil‐Izquierdo Ángel , Gil María I , Xavier Malcata F 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPears (Pyrus communis L. cv. ‘Rocha’) were exposed to air or controlled atmosphere (CA) containing various concentrations of CO2: 0, 0.5 and 5 kPa, all with 2 kPa O2. After 4 months of storage at 2 °C, the fruits were transferred to air at room temperature, and assessed in terms of soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, incidence of brown heart and flesh browning, phenolic content, vitamin C content and polyphenol oxidase activity. By 4 months of storage, soluble solids and pH increased, and acidity decreased relative to harvest, but no differences were detected between pears stored under air or any of the CA tested. Higher contents of hydroxycinnamic derivatives and flavan‐3‐ols in the peel than in the flesh were recorded. However, the content of arbutin was higher in the flesh than in the peel, whereas flavonols were only detected in the peel. In general, hydroxycinnamic derivatives and flavonols were stable throughout storage, but flavan‐3‐ols decreased in concentration under air or CA. Arbutin was the only phenolic compound that increased in concentration as time elapsed. No clear relation was found between the storage conditions tested and the phenolic concentration in pears. Regarding ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), their concentrations were higher in the peel than in the flesh. Furthermore, AA and DHA were strongly affected by storage: the former decreased, whereas the latter increased in content. A decrease in PPO activity was apparent after harvest and during storage, particularly under higher levels of CO2. The combination 2 kPa O2 + 5 kPa CO2 increased the incidence of internal disorders (viz. brown heart and flesh browning) after storage. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of Stereoregularity of Multiblock Copoly(rac‐lactide)s on Stereocomplex Microparticles and Their Insulin Delivery
Authors: Hu Junli , Tang Zhaohui , Qiu Xueyu , Han Yadong , Du Qing , Chen Xuesi , Jing Xiabin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSummary: Uniform stereocomplex microparticles ranging from nanometer to micrometer size are prepared by using stereo multiblock copoly(rac‐lactide)s (smb‐PLAs) with different stereoregularity. At comparable molecular weights, as the smb‐PLA stereoregularity decreases from 88% to 76%, the crystallinity of the microparticles decreases noticeably, as proved by DSC and WAXD. At the same time, the shape of the microparticles varies from the flower shape to the sphere shape and the particle size increases markedly from 700–2700 nm as shown by SEM. However, all insulin‐loaded microparticles are of cake‐shape and their sizes depend on the stereoregularity. The crystallization of smb‐PLAs facilitated by insulin is evidenced by the increase of Tm and ΔHf in DSC. The highest insulin‐loading content of 14.2% and ‐entrapment efficiency of 82.8% are obtained from the smb‐PLA with the highest stereoregularity of 88%. Release studies in vitro show the least first‐day release at about 25% followed by continuous release of another 70% of insulin over one month. Stereocomplex microparticles of smb‐PLAs with lower stereoregularity resulted in a relatively lower insulin‐entrapment efficiency and ‐loading content, a larger first‐day release, and also complete release of 90% of the total amount within one month. The release system follows a diffusion mechanism. By contrast, atactic PLA shows a very low entrapment efficiency of 16.7%.Structure of a stereo multiblock copoly(rac‐lactide).magnified imageStructure of a stereo multiblock copoly(rac‐lactide).
A New Method for Producing High Melt Strength Poly(propylene) with a Reactive Extrusion
Authors: Ohnishi Rikuo , Fujimura Takenori , Tsunori Ryoichi , Sugita Yasuhisa 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSummary: A new class of melt blend material was prepared by extruding a mixture of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), maleic anhydride‐grafted poly(propylene) (PP‐g‐MA) with different molecular weight and MA content and poly(propylene) powder produced with a TiCl3‐based catalyst (PP‐A). A suitable selection of PP‐g‐MA provided extremely high melt strength (MS) of resultant blend materials. Such a superior melt property was caused by the synergy between the present melt reaction and the higher molecular weight portion containing PP‐A. The gel content measurements of typical blend materials and PP‐g‐MA/APTES blends indicated that an excessive amount of inert PP suppresses the formation of gels. The reaction between PP‐g‐MA and APTES was then investigated by analyzing crystalline polymer fractions separated from the atactic PP/PP‐g‐MA/APTES and atactic PP/PP‐g‐MA blends. The FT‐IR analysis of the fractions revealed that the NH2 group in APTES readily reacts with MA grafted on PP and the reaction leads to the formation of imide linkage. Moreover, the GPC analysis of the fraction showed that higher molecular weight polymers were formed in the presence of APTES. Since a trace amount of water surely produces in the vicinity of active silyltriethoxy groups during the reactive extrusion, such polymers were formed by the condensation between hydrolyzed APTES‐grafted polymer chains. These results led us to the conclusion that long‐chain‐branched PP (LCB‐PP) was certainly produced and its formation is essential for the increase in MS of the present blend materials.Relationship between log(MS) and log(MFR) for PP/PP‐g‐MA/APTES and commercial PP resins.magnified imageRelationship between log(MS) and log(MFR) for PP/PP‐g‐MA/APTES and commercial PP resins.
Preparation of Polymer Nanofibers Containing Silver Nanoparticles by Using Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)
Authors: Jin Wen‐Ji , Lee Hwang Kyu , Jeong Eun Hwan , Park Won Ho , Youk Ji Ho 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSummary: Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was used in two methods to prepare polymer nanofibers containing Ag nanoparticles. The first method involved electrospinning the PVP nanofibers containing Ag nanoparticles directly from the PVP solutions containing the Ag nanoparticles. N,N‐Dimethylformamide was used as a solvent for the PVP as well as a reducing agent for the Ag+ ions in the PVP solutions. In the second method, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aqueous solutions were electrospun with 5 wt.‐% of the PVP containing Ag nanoparticles. The Ag nanoparticles were evenly distributed in the PVA nanofibers. PVP containing Ag nanoparticles could be used to introduce Ag nanoparticles to other polymer nanofibers that are miscible with PVP.TEM image of a PVA nanofiber electrospun with 5 wt.‐% of the PVP containing Ag nanoparticles.imageTEM image of a PVA nanofiber electrospun with 5 wt.‐% of the PVP containing Ag nanoparticles.
Concentration‐Dependent Self‐Assembly of a Novel Comb Oligomer Having Rigid Binaphthyl Macrocyclic Pendants
Authors: Liu Na , Wang Xing , Cao Hui , Chen Chunhai , Zhang Wanjin , Wei Yen 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSummary: The synthesis and self‐assembly of a comb oligomer having rigid racemic binaphthyl macrocyclic pendant groups are described. The coupling of two structural motifs at the molecular level, e.g., a nanometer‐size chiral cavity, and a flexible polymeric backbone, could lead to new opportunities in molecular recognition and separation. The macrocyclic monomers were synthesized followed by introduction of an acrylate side‐group, and through free‐radical polymerization, they yielded a comb oligomer. Most importantly, this novel oligomer can self‐assemble into solid or hollow spheres when tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions of the oligomer at different concentrations are dropped onto the surface of water. The morphology of the solid or hollow spheres was observed by TEM, ESEM and DLS.A schematic illustration of the processes of self‐assembly of the oligomer.imageA schematic illustration of the processes of self‐assembly of the oligomer.
Dual in vivo magnetic resonance evaluation of magnetically labeled mouse embryonic stem cells and cardiac function at 1.5 t
Authors: Arai Takayasu , Kofidis Theo , Bulte Jeff W. M. , de Bruin Jorg , Venook Ross D. , Berry Gerald J. , Mcconnell Michael V. , Quertermous Thomas , Robbins Robert C. , Yang Phillip C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCell therapy has demonstrated the potential to restore injured myocardium. A reliable in vivo imaging method to localize transplanted cells and monitor their restorative effects will enable a systematic investigation of this therapeutic modality. The dual MRI capability of imaging both magnetically labeled mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and their restorative effects on cardiac function in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction is demonstrated. Serial in vivo MR detection of transplanted mESC and monitoring of the mESC‐treated myocardium was conducted over a 4‐week period using a 1.5 T clinical scanner. During the 4‐week duration, the mESC‐treated myocardium demonstrated sustained improvement of the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and conservation of LV mass. Furthermore, no significant difference of their restorative effects on the cardiac function was created by the magnetic labeling of mESC. Thus, in vivo MRI enables simultaneous detection of transplanted mESC and their therapeutic effect on the injured myocardium. Magn Reson Med 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localized in vivo isotropic‐anisotropic correlation 1H NMR spectroscopy using ultraslow magic angle spinning
Authors: Wind Robert A. , Hu Jian Z. , Majors Paul D. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn a previous work (1), the susceptibility broadening in the 1H NMR metabolite spectrum obtained in a live mouse was separated from the isotropic information, which significantly increased the spectral resolution. This was achieved using ultraslow magic angle spinning (MAS) of the animal combined with a modified phase‐corrected magic angle turning (PHORMAT) pulse sequence. However, PHORMAT cannot be used for spatially selective spectroscopy. This article introduces a modified sequence called localized magic angle turning (LOCMAT) that makes this possible. Proton LOCMAT spectra were obtained from the liver and heart of a live mouse while the animal was spun at a speed of 4 Hz in a 2 Tesla field. It was found that even in this relatively low field, LOCMAT provided isotropic line widths that were a factor of 4–10 times smaller than those obtained in a stationary animal. Furthermore, the susceptibility broadening of the heart metabolites showed unusual features that are not observed in dead animals. The limitations of LOCMAT and possible ways to improve the technique are discussed. It is concluded that in vivo LOCMAT can significantly enhance the utility of NMR spectroscopy for biomedical research. Magn Reson Med, 2006. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal control of parametrically excited linear delay differential systems via Chebyshev polynomials
Authors: Deshmukh Venkatesh , Ma Haitao , Butcher Eric A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe use of Chebyshev polynomials in solving finite horizon optimal control problems associated with general linear time‐varying systems with constant delay is well known in the literature. The technique is modified in the present paper for the finite horizon control of dynamical systems with time periodic coefficients and constant delay. The governing differential equations of motion are converted into an algebraic recursive relationship in terms of the Chebyshev coefficients of the system matrices, delayed and present state vectors, and the input vector. Three different approaches are considered. The first approach computes the Chebyshev coefficients of the control vector by minimizing a quadratic cost function over a finite horizon or a finite sequence of time intervals. Then two convergence conditions are presented to improve the performance of the optimized trajectories in terms of the oscillation of controlled states within intervals. The second approach computes the Chebyshev coefficients of the control vector by maximizing a quadratic decay rate of the L2 norm of Chebyshev coefficients of the state subject to linear matching and quadratic convergence conditions. The control vector in each interval is computed by formulating a non‐linear optimization programme. The third approach computes the Chebyshev coefficients of the control vector by maximizing a linear decay rate of the L∞ norm of Chebyshev coefficients of the state subject to linear matching and linear convergence conditions. The proposed techniques are illustrated by designing regulation controllers for a delayed Mathieu equation over a finite control horizon. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomechanics of bones on various length scales
Authors: Nackenhorst Udo , Lenz Christian 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBone are characterized by a hierarchical internal structure starting from the distinction between trabecular and cortical bone going over the osteonal structure of cortical bone down to the basic composite material with a soft collagenous matrix and a mineralized phase. Furthermore, bones have to be understood as organisms which adapt themselves to the mechanical demand. Phenomenological approaches for computations of stress adaptive bone remodeling based on a continuums description have been discussed intensively in literature. Goal of this presentation is a more detailed strategy for the explanation of the biomechanical interaction in more detail. A strain driven bone remodeling theory is presented, where three characteristic length scales including models for the bone cells are considered. A computational method for a closed loop biomechanical control circuit of bone remodeling is presented. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamic multi‐layer models of dry friction
Authors: Geike Thomas , Popov Valentin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDetermining the friction law between solids as a function of material and loading parameters remains a topical and still unsolved problem of tribology. In the rail‐wheel‐contact the law of sliding friction determines not only the maximum tractive forces but also defines the conditions for the occurrence of instabilities.Recent simulations of irreversible processes in micro‐contacts with the method of movable cellular automata (MCA) have shown that dynamic aspects do play an essential role in these processes. Inelastic processes of plastic deformation, detaching of particles and their reintegration into the surfaces as well as processes of mechanical mixing occur only in a thin surface layer called quasi‐fluid layer. Studying the properties of the quasi‐fluid layer is thus a key for understanding friction.To better understand the physical nature of the quasi‐fluid layer and especially the physical nature of the viscosity of the quasi‐fluid state, multi‐layer models of an elasto‐plastic solid have been studied. In the layer model it becomes particularly clear that the physical reason for occurrence of the quasi‐fluid layer is the bi‐stability of the friction law between layers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Plastification and Damage in Wheel‐Rail Rolling Contact – Case Study on a Crossing
Authors: Wiest Martina , Daves Werner , Fischer Franz Dieter , Ossberger Heinz 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA fully three‐dimensional, dynamic model for a wheel running over a crossing is developed using an explicit finite element program. The full mass of the wheel and the crossing and elastic‐plastic material behaviour are considered. The damage in the contact area is investigated with a very dense mesh taken from the dynamic model using a submodelling technique. With this kind of calculations the stresses and strains produced in the wheel and the crossing during the cross‐over process can be determined, as well as the respective reaction forces in the bedding and the axle. Calculations for different crossing‐geometries are performed. Finally a damage indicator is introduced to identify the probable location of crack initiation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Homogenization in the Theory of Viscoplasticity
Authors: Nesenenko Sergiy 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe study the homogenization of the quasistatic initial boundary value problem with internal variables which models the deformation behavior of viscoplastic bodies with a periodic microstructure. This problem is represented through a system of linear partial differential equations coupled with a nonlinear system of differential equations or inclusions. Recently it was shown by Alber [2] that the formally derived homogenized initial boundary value problem has a solution. From this solution we construct an asymptotic solution for the original problem and prove that the difference of the exact solution and the asymptotic solution tends to zero if the lengthscale of the microstructure goes to zero. The work is based on monotonicity properties of the differential equations or inclusions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Conjugation of two functional groups through an unsaturated system
Authors: Exner Otto , Böhm Stanislav 
Published: November 2005

AbstractEnergies of 51 1‐(E),4‐(E)‐disubstituted 1,3‐butadienes (1), 36 1,4‐disubstituted benzenes (2) and 36 (E)‐1,2‐disubstituted ethenes (3) with dipolar substituents were calculated at the B3LYP/6–311 + G(d,p) level and evaluated in terms of isodesmic reactions expressing the interaction of substituents through the conjugated system. The energy of interaction reaches up to 40 kJ mol−1, it is roughly similar in the three series and most regular in the series 1. While its correlation within the framework of dual substituent parameter analysis lacks physical meaning, it is possible to separate the conjugative (resonance) component by subtracting the inductive component with reference to 1,4‐disubstituted bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes 4. The conjugative interaction is strongly stabilizing for the combination acceptor–donor and destabilizing for two donors; in these cases it is parallel to changes of geometry as they are predicted by the common resonance equations. Interaction of two acceptors is weak; in addition, there are groups that cannot be classified either as donors or as acceptors. Therefore, one can construct a scale of the resonance ability of donors in conjugation with an acceptor and vice versa, but it is not possible to express the interaction of two donors or of two acceptors on a unified scale for all substituents. The resonance description is certainly appropriate for the typical examples (interaction of NO2 and NH2) but should not be generalized to all possible structures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer‐related communication between female patients and male partners scale: a pilot study
Authors: Kornblith Alice B. , Regan Meredith M. , Kim Youngmee , Greer Greta , Parker Beverly , Bennett Samantha , Winer Eric 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackground: The study's objective was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Cancer‐Related Communication Problems within Couples Scale (CRCP), a measure to assess whether patients and their partners have difficulty talking about cancer with each other.Methods: The CRCP Scale included 18 items concerning open communication/emotional support, treatment‐specific issues, self‐protection, and protective buffering. Patients and partners responded through the American Cancer Society's website and mailed questionnaires through Y‐ME. The CRCP's validity was tested using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS, marital relationship).Results: 189 female patients and 135 male partners participated in the survey. Three items were deleted based on lack of clarity or an item not being applicable to many respondents, resulting in a 15 item scale. The number of CRCP problems' internal consistency in the 15 item scale was good for both patients and partners (alpha coefficient=0.87, 0.81, respectively). The number of patients' CRCP problems correlated with the DAS (p<0.0001), and the number of partners' CRCP problems correlated with the HADS (p<0.0001) and the DAS (p<0.0001).Conclusion: Analyses supported the CRCP Scale's reliability and validity for female cancer patients and male partners. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of the theory of planned behavior to understand intentions to engage in physical and psychosocial health behaviors after cancer diagnosis
Authors: Andrykowski Michael A. , Beacham Abbie O. , Schmidt John E. , Harper Felicity W. K. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA cancer diagnosis can trigger change in both lifestyle behaviors and mental health outcomes such as ‘growth’ and ‘benefit‐finding’. Assuming changes in mental health outcomes are based upon changes in specific behaviors, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) may facilitate understanding of post‐diagnosis change in physical and psychosocial ‘health’ behaviors. Adults (n=130) ⩽2 years post‐cancer diagnosis completed an internet survey. Current performance and future behavior intentions for two physical (e.g. eating a healthy diet) and four psychosocial (e.g. spending quality time with family/friends; engaging in spiritual or religious activities) health behaviors were assessed. TPB constructs (subjective norm, behavior attitudes, perceived behavioral control) for each of the six behaviors were also assessed. Multiple regression analyses indicated the set of TPB constructs accounted for an increment of 25–53% of variance in behavioral intentions beyond that accounted for by clinical and demographic variables. Among individual TPB constructs, behavioral attitude was most consistently associated with behavioral intentions while subjective norm was least consistently associated with behavioral intentions. The TPB could serve as a comprehensive model for understanding change in both physical and psychosocial health behaviors after cancer diagnosis and could suggest innovative approaches to developing interventions to enhance post‐diagnosis ‘growth’ and ‘benefit finding’. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palliative or curative treatment intent affects communication in radiation therapy consultations
Authors: Timmermans Liesbeth M. , van der Maazen Richard W. M. , Leer Jan Willem H. , Kraaimaat Floris W. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective: To assess whether communication in radiotherapy consultations is affected by palliative or curative treatment intent.Subjects and methods: The study involved 160 patients and 8 radiation oncologists. Eighty patients visited the radiation oncologist (RO) for palliative treatment and 80 for curative treatment. The consultation prior to radiation treatment was analyzed with the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). Within three days, patients completed a quality of life questionnaire (EORTC‐QLQ‐C30).Results: In palliative radiotherapy (PRT) consultations, ROs asked more (closed‐ended) biomedical and psychosocial questions and provided more information on prognosis than in consultations for curative radiotherapy (CRT). Patients in both groups provided a great deal of psychosocial information but asked few questions. The ROs expressed more concerns in the PRT consultations, while patients did not. PRT patients received fewer supportive remarks than CRT patients. In both groups, explicit decision‐making received little attention. Proxies who accompanied the patients took a more active role in PRT than in CRT consultations.Conclusion: Communication in radiotherapy is affected by treatment intent with respect to the main contents of the consultation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.