bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver Transplantation Using Suboptimal Grafts
Authors: D'Amico Francesco , Vitale Alessandro , Gringeri Enrico , Valmasoni Michele , Carraro Amedeo , Brolese Alberto , Zanus Giacomo , Boccagni Patrizia , D'Amico Davide Francesco , Cillo Umberto 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

In recent years, an increasing number of suboptimal grafts has been used to reduce the gap between the supply and demand of organs for liver transplantation (LT). In this randomized prospective study, we tested the impact of donor harvesting technique on the posttransplantation outcome of suboptimal donor livers. A modified double perfusion (MDP) technique (aortic and portal cooling with tourniquet clamping of splenomesenteric vein inflow) was compared with the single aortic perfusion (SAP) technique. Between February and November 2005, 35 suboptimal grafts were randomly assigned to either technique (18 MDP livers and 17 SAP livers). Donor and recipient variables were comparable in the 2 study groups. The SAP group had significantly higher blood transaminases and bilirubin levels after LT. The prevalence of graft primary dysfunction (PDF) was also significantly higher (P = 0.01) in the SAP group (35%) than in the MDP group (5%). In 5 cases, all in the SAP group (P = 0.02), early re-LT (<30 days) was needed. The 6-month patient and graft survival rates were significantly higher in the MDP (100% in both cases) than in the SAP group (68% and 58%, respectively). The study was stopped in November 2005, when the interim analysis revealed such markedly significant differences between the two groups. In conclusion, the present study showed a very low prevalence of PDF, death, and re-LT after transplantation with suboptimal liver when a MDP technique was used to harvest the donor graft. Liver Transpl 13:1444–1450, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Pharmacotherapy of impaired mucociliary clearance in non‐CF pediatric lung disease. A review of the literature
Authors: Boogaard Ruben , de Jongste Johan C. , Merkus Peter J.F.M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMucoactive agents are used to treat a variety of lung diseases involving impaired mucociliary clearance or mucus hypersecretion. The mucoactive agents studied most frequently are N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), recombinant human DNase (rhDNase), and hypertonic saline. Studies on the efficacy of these have been mainly conducted in adults, and in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The exact role of mucoactive agents in children with non‐CF lung disease is not well established. We present an overview of the current literature reporting clinical outcome measures of treatment with NAC, rhDNase, and hypertonic saline in children. 2007;42:989–1001. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhaled nitric oxide combined with prostacyclin and adrenomedullin in acute respiratory failure with pulmonary hypertension in piglets
Authors: Dani Carlo , Pavoni Vittorio , Corsini Iuri , Longini Mariangela , Gori Gabriele , Giannesello Lara , Perna Avio , Gritti Gaetano , Paternostro Ferdinando , Forestieri Annalisa , Buonocore Giuseppe , Rubaltelli Firmino F. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOur aim was to evaluate if the combined inhalation of both nitric oxide (iNO) and aerosolized prostacyclin or iNO and adrenomedullin (ADM) is more effective in lowering pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and improving oxygenation than nitric oxide alone in an animal model with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Moreover, we studied the effect on pulmonary mechanics, surfactant activity, and pulmonary oxidative stress of the different treatments. Twenty‐eight piglets with acute lung injury induced by lung lavages with saline were randomized to receive nitric oxide, nitric oxide plus prostacyclin, nitric oxide plus ADM or saline, after. Dynamic compliance, tidal volume, and airway resistance were measured. Lung tissue oxidation was evaluated by measuring total hydroperoxide and advanced oxidation protein products in bronchial aspirate samples. Surface surfactant activity was studied using Capillary Surfactometer. Inhaled nitric oxide combined with prostacyclin or ADM was more effective than nitric oxide alone in lowering PAP and improving oxygenation. Nitric oxide alone or combined increased lung compliance and tidal volume, and decreased airway resistance. No effects on surfactant surface activity and lung tissue oxidation were observed. The treatment with nitric oxide alone or combined with prostacyclin or ADM were effective in decreasing mean PAP and improving oxygenation in a piglet model of PH. However, nitric oxide plus prostacyclin and nitric oxide plus ADM were more effective than nitric oxide alone. The combination of aerosolized prostacyclin and ADM with nitric oxide might have a role in the treatment of infants with PH refractory to nitric oxide alone. 2007;42:1048–1056. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Courses on mechanical ventilation in pediatrics: First experience in Spain
Authors: López Yolanda M. , Pilar Francisco J. , Medina Jose A. , López‐Herce Jesús , Pons Marti , Balcells Joan , Martinón‐Torres Federico , Modesto Vicente , García Juan A 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the initial experience in mechanical ventilation courses held by the Respiratory Group of the Spanish Paediatric Intensive Care Society.Materials and methodsFrom 2002 to 2006, 15 courses on paediatric mechanical ventilation were held in eight hospitals in Spain, attended by a total of 367 physicians (53.4 % trainees and 46.6 % staff physicians from Paediatrics, Neonatology or Emergency). An initial theoretical written test of 40 questions was completed by participants, followed by short theory classes and practical workshops based on clinical situations, with ventilators and ventilation simulators, with five to seven students per workshop. At the end of the course participants completed a theoretical written test, in which it was considered necessary to answer correctly at least 70% of the questions, a practical evaluation (with assessment grades from 1 to 5) and a written survey about the quality of the course (with assessment grades from 0 to 10).ResultsIn the initial test, only 20% of students answered 70% of questions correctly, whilst in the final test 93% hit this target, (p < 0.001). In the practical evaluation, 96% of students demonstrated sufficient acquisition of practical skills (grades equal to or greater than 3). In the participant survey, the course methodology was rated at 8.7 ± 0.5, organisation 8.7 ± 0.4, teaching staff 9.2 ± 0.2, theoretical classes 8.7 ± 0.4 and practical sessions 8.8 ± 0.3.ConclusionsMechanical ventilation courses are a useful educational method for health professionals in theoretical and practical mechanical ventilation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007;42:1072–1077. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser–target interaction during high‐power pulsed laser deposition of superconducting thin films
Authors: Fang Ranran , Zhang Duanming , Li Zhihua , Li Li , Tan Xinyu , Yang Fengxia 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe present a theoretical model to describe the high‐power nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of multi‐elemental oxide superconductors by considering both the vaporization effect and the plasma shielding effect. Using as an example a YBa2Cu3O7 target, the numerical solutions are obtained by solving the heat flow equations using a finite difference method. We obtain the time dependence of temperature, the transmitted intensity and the ablation rate of the target. The numerical results agree well with the experimental data and are much better than without considering the effects of vaporization and plasma shielding, which indicates that the two effects in high‐power nanosecond laser ablation of superconductors must not be neglected. The present model will be helpful for the investigation of superconducting thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence and thermally stimulated luminescence properties of CaSO4:Sm3+ and CaSO4:Ce3+,Sm3+; Sm3+ → Sm2+ conversion and high temperature dosimetry
Authors: Lapraz Dominique , Prévost Hildegarde , Angellier Gaëlle , Mady Franck , Benabdesselam Mourad , Dusseau Laurent 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe photoluminescence (PL) and thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) properties of CaSO4:Sm and CaSO4:Ce,Sm are studied. After X irradiation of CaSO4:Sm, an obvious Sm3+/Sm2+ redox process is observed. The Ce co‐doping is responsible for the presence of an intense TSL peak at about 485/500 °C, showing an interesting application in high temperature radiation dosimetry. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ruggero Ferdinando Antonio Guiseppe Vincenzo Oddi
Authors: Loukas Marios , Spentzouris Georgios , Tubbs R. Shane , Kapos Theodoros , Curry Brain 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLong forgotten in his motherland but for a single discovery—a small circular tissue whose workings are as mysterious as its discoverer—a brilliant anatomist and physiologist, Oddi, gained his fame at the age of 23 years with his identification of the sphincter that would later be named in his honor. In 1984 Ruggero Oddi, was celebrated and revered in his native town of Perugia with a monument. Ruggero Oddi lived a tumultuous life, full of grief and tragedy, only to culminate in a lonely death while exiled in a foreign land. We now review the life of this contributor to modern anatomy.
Plant‐mediated indirect effects of carpenterworms on the insect communities attracted to fermented tree sap
Authors: Yoshimoto Jiichiro , Nishida Takayoshi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCarpenterworm (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) larvae bore into trunks of the oak Quercus acutissima, thereby promoting sap exudation, and prey on insects attracted to tree sap. We examined the interactions between carpenterworms and sap‐attracted insects to elucidate community‐level consequences of carpenterworms and to estimate the relative magnitudes of their direct and indirect effects on community structure. Species richness, total abundance, and Simpson's index of diversity (1/D) in tree sap communities were all significantly higher in carpenterworm‐associated patches (sap‐exuding patches that contained either larvae or larval nests) than in patches without evidence of carpenterworms. Abundance was also significantly higher in carpenterworm‐associated patches for 10 out of 14 taxonomic groups, and this difference was much greater in the following groups that are sensitive to resource increases: drosophilid flies (Drosophilidae), sap beetles (Nitidulidae), and rove beetles (Staphylinidae). These results indicate that carpenterworms increase community size indirectly by increasing resource abundance, which is supported by the results of structural equation modeling (SEM). SEM also revealed that the direct effect of carpenterworms on species richness was weaker than their indirect effect, suggesting that predation by carpenterworms does not determine community structure. Similarly, carpenterworms can increase the abundance of some taxa by increasing resource abundance, and the predation pressure from carpenterworms on most taxa may be minor.
An “O/S” Emulsion in a System Containing Tween 80 Surfactant and Hexadecane Oil
Authors: Al‐Bawab Abeer , Al‐Zamar Tamar , Friberg Stig E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn emulsion was prepared from hexadecane and a surfactant, Tween 80 (a commercial polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono‐oleate), and the destabilization process was followed by visual observation of the separation of the emulsion aided by optical microscopy to estimate droplet size versus time. The emulsions had inferior stability, and the destabilization was completed within a few days. The results showed the emulsion to destabilize with the flocculation step immediately followed by coalescence. The separation rate was at a level calculated from the sedimentation rate of a dilute emulsion. This result was not anticipated, considering the large fraction of the dispersed phase, and an assumption was made as to what counteracting factors may have affected the results.
Effects of Arginine on Kinetics of Protein Aggregation Studied by Dynamic Laser Light Scattering and Tubidimetry Techniques
Authors: Lyutova Elena M. , Kasakov Alexei S. , Gurvits Bella Ya. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPrevention of undesirable protein aggregation is an extremely important strategy in protein science, medicine, and biotechnology. Arginine is one of the most widely used low molecular weight solution additives effective in suppressing aggregation, assisting refolding of aggregated proteins, and enhancing the solubility of aggregation‐prone unfolded molecules in vitro. However, the mechanism of suppression of protein aggregation by arginine is not well understood. To address the mechanism, two model systems have been investigated: protection of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and insulin from heat‐ and dithiothreitol‐induced aggregation, respectively, in the presence of arginine. Using dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique, we have demonstrated the concentration‐dependent suppression of light scattering intensity of both ADH and insulin aggregates upon addition of arginine to the incubation medium, a significant effect being revealed in the physiological concentration range of arginine (1–10 mM). DLS studies showed that arginine shifted the populations of nanoparticles with higher hydrodynamic radii to the lower ones, suggesting that the preventive effect of arginine on the protein aggregation process arises because it suppresses intermolecular interactions among aggregation‐prone molecules. The results of turbidity measurements were also shown to be consistent with these findings.
‘An inversion of opticks’
Authors: Steadman-Jones Richard 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThis paper focuses on the linguistic work of John Gilchrist (1759–1841), one of the first British grammarians to produce a detailed and systematic study of the language known in the 18th century as ‘Hindustani’. An interesting feature of Gilchrist’s grammatical texts is the fact that, within the framework of a grammatical account of a South Asian language, they often include short passages discussing contemporary problems in the analysis of English. In these passages, Gilchrist engages directly with the work of writers such as John Horne Tooke, Samuel Johnson, Robert Lowth, and Thomas Sheridan, taking up a position in relation to their work and drawing upon his research on Hindustani to support or challenge their analyses of English. In one typical example, discussed in this paper, he mobilises evidence from his own work in support of Thomas Sheridan’s innovative account of the vowel in words such asmineandthine, an analysis that characterises this sound as a diphthong rather than a simple articulation. In the light of Gilchrist’s later visibility as a political radical, some commentators have seen his allusions to Horne Tooke as evidence that his linguistic work has a demonstrably radical character. However, the diversity of the thinkers with whom Gilchrist engages suggests that it is better to interpret his interventions in the analysis of English as attempts to build a reputation as a scholar, not only in the colony but in the metropolis as well. As such, the passages in which Gilchrist discusses the nature of English can be seen as political in the sense that they helped him to find a platform from which he could voice his radical ideas. But they do not always constitute a radical account of the language itself, their importance lying in the opportunities they offered for self-promotion and, indeed, self-transformation.
“Civic” and “ethnic” nationalist discourses in Spanish parliamentary debates
Authors: Grad Fuchsel Hector , Martín Rojo Luisa 
Published: September 2007

Parliamentary debates on the definition of the nation-state and national identities are a very revealing discursive domain of tracing the cues of the social construction of this category. Integrating social-psychological and discourse analyses, this article studies how Spanish nationalism interacts with the most influential regional (Catalonian and Basque) nationalisms in the Spanish Parliament in Madrid, and in the regional Parliaments of Catalonia and the Basque Country.The study is based on a two-dimensional framework, which characterises nationalist cultures in terms of theirInstitutional Status(“established” vs. “rising” nationalism), and in terms of theBasicAssumptions(“civic” vs. “ethnic” aspects in the social representation of the nation — Smith, 19986, 1991). According to the conceptual framework, each of these nationalisms represents a different combination of “established” (Spanish) or “rising” (Basque and Catalonian)InstitutionalStatusas well as of “civic” (in Catalonia) or “ethnic” (Spanish and the Basque)BasicAssumptions(Grad, 1999). The study shows that, in these parliamentary contexts, theInstitutionalStatusand theBasicAssumptionsnot only configure different nationalist positions, but also configure distinct “discursive formations” — reflected in interactional dynamics (of inclusion vs. exclusion, compatibility vs. incompatibility, and consensus vs. conflict relations) — between the different national projects and identities. These discourses belong to an “enunciative system” including systematic subject (the dominant national identity), system of references (or referential) terms to denote national categories or supra-regional — Spain, Spanish State, Basque Country, Catalonia — that serve to distinguish between national in-group and out-group, and clearly differ in extent and connotations in established and rising national codes), as well as associated fields (more ascriptive membership criteria, rigid group boundaries, requirement of internal homogeneity, restrictive referent and extension of the “us” in the ethnic than in civic codes), and materiality (strategies of discursive polarisation, especially salient in the Basque Country parliamentary discourse, which both indicate less compatibility between identities and aim to delegitimise dissent with regard to national referents and goals). Finally, in parliaments where ethnic codes are confronted (Spanish and Basque) politeness is impaired, there is a higher degree of controversy, and the strategies of delegitimisation constitute strong face-threatening acts which endanger the “tacit contract” of the parliamentary interactions. In this regard, ethnic centralist and independentist political positions make harder the compatibility between national identities than civic regional-nationalist and federal proposals. Recent confrontations between Spanish and Basque national positions seem to confirm the patterns found in this analysis.
BRONFENBRENNER'S MORAL DILEMMAS IN BRITAIN: CHILDREN, THEIR PEERS AND THEIR PARENTS
Authors: Beloff Halla , Paton Xenia 
Published: September 2007

Le test des dilemmes moraux d'Urie Bronfenbrenner met les enfants en ptésence d'un certain nombre de situations naturelles dans lesquelles le choix des réponses possibles représente un conflit entre les normes de conduite qui sont approuvées par les adultes, altruistes et “correctes” et les normes de conduite qui relèvent de L'intérêt personnel ou de L'affiliation et qui sont “incorrectes”. Les sujets répondent au test dans trois conditions: une condition de base ou neutre, dans laquelle on leur dit que seuls les expérimentateurs auront connaissance de leurs réponses, et deux conditions expérimentales dans lesquelles on leur dit que les résultats seront portés à la connaissance de leurs parents ou de leurs camarades de classe. Cette méthode permet d'estimer dans une certaine mesure à quel niveau se situent les enfants dans le domaine “moral” ainsi que L'influence relative qu'exercent la pression des pairs ou celle des adultes dans les processus de socialisation, et la direction de cette influence.Les données recueillies en URSS et aux Etats‐Unis ont montré que les deux types de pressions extérieures entrent en conflit aux Etats‐Unis, mais qu'il existe en URSS un accord entre les normes. Devereux et Bronfenbrenner ont suggéré L'idée qu'en Grande‐Bretagne le niveau des normes de conduite approuvées par les adultes était moindre et la pression des pairs particulièrement forte et source de situations conflictuelles. Deux cent soixante‐quatorze enfants anglais de douze ans, choisis dans un large éventail d'écoles, ont subi les tests. Les résultats ont été analysés dans une perspective de comparaison inter‐nation d'une part et de comparaisons entre les différents types d'écoles d'autre part. i. Les résultats ne confirment pas L'hypothése selon laquelle la conduite serait en général moins influencée par les adultes; 2. La comparaison entre type de pressions sociales confirme que les enfants britanniques ont en commun une “culture de pairs”, plutôt autonome et qu'ils ne répondent pas à la pression des adultes d'une manière simple et prévisible.
TRAINING CONSERVATION OF QUANTITY (LIQUIDS) IN WEST AFRICAN (BAOULE) CHILDREN
Authors: Dasen Pierre R. , Lavallée Margot , Retschitzki Jean 
Published: September 2007

A developmental ‘lag’ is found in the Conservation of Quantity (Liquids) in a sample of 73 rural, schooled Baoulé children (Ivory Coast, West Africa) aged 7 to 14 years. This study was designed to investigate if this ‘lag’ could be reduced or bridged through training and whether it could be attributed to differences in ‘performance’ or in ‘competence’.A sub‐sample of 28 children aged 7 to 9 years was divided into two matched groups, one being trained for Conservation of Liquids and the other for Class Inclusion (Lavallée and Dasen in press). Statistically significant training effects were observed, which generalized to other concrete operational concepts and remained stable over at least one month.Since no ‘actualization’ or very fast learning occurred, the ‘lag’ was attributed to differences in competence; the training was sufficient to bridge the developmental lag.
LEVEL OF PROCESSING EFFECTS ON HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRIES WITH KANA (JAPANESE PHONETIC SYMBOLS) WORDS
Authors: Hatta Takeshi 
Published: September 2007

Two experiments were conducted to examine the role of levels and types of higher‐order processing to which the stimulus was subjected.In the experiment 1, two different physical identity matches with Kana (Japanese phonetic symbols) words, one involving two operations while the other involves one operation, were required, and no visual field difference was found though two operations task yielded longer RTs than in one operation task. Experiment 2, where two different name identity matches, one involving linguistic and spatial operations while the other involves linguistic operation, revealed that (1) a significant right visual field advantage is found in the linguistic operation task; however, this tendency disappears in the two operation task, (2) the two operation task yields longer RTs than the one operation task does. These results suggest that the levels of information processing and types of higher‐order processing (spatial operation in this study) are important factors in determining hemispheric asymmetry effects.