bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving multicomponent chiral separation challenges using a new SFC tandem column screening tool
Authors: Welch Christopher J. , Biba Mirlinda , Gouker Joseph R. , Kath Gary , Augustine Paul , Hosek Paul 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA tool for improved tandem column chiral supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method development screening was prepared by modification of a commercial analytical SFC instrument with two different software‐controllable, six position high‐pressure column selection valves, each controlling a bank of five different columns and a pass through line. The resulting instrument, which has the ability to screen 10 different individual columns and 25 different tandem column arrangements, is a useful tool for facilitating the screening of tandem column SFC arrangements for separation of complex mixtures of stereoisomers or other multicomponent mixtures. Strategies for optimal use of the instrument are discussed, and several examples of the use of the instrument in developing tandem SFC methods for resolution of multicomponent mixtures are presented. Chirality, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and enantioselective rearrangement of (Z)‐4‐triphenylmethoxy‐2,3‐epoxybutan‐1‐ol enantiomers
Authors: Faigl Ferenc , Thurner Angelika , Farkas Ferenc , Battancs Melinda , Poppe László 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEfficient enzyme catalyzed kinetic resolutions of a synthetically useful chiral building block, (Z)‐4‐triphenylmethoxy‐2,3‐epoxybutan‐1‐ol, are reported. The highest selectivities were achieved by Lipozyme TL IM and Amano Lipase PS enzymes in the presence of vinyl acetate. Enantiomeric enrichment of the optically active acetate isomer was accomplished by selective crystallization of the racemic part of the enantiomeric mixture. Enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis of the acetate also provided an optically pure epoxybutanol derivative. O‐Benzylation of (+)‐(Z)‐1‐hydroxy‐4‐triphenylmethoxy‐2,3‐epoxybutane followed by super base promoted diastereo‐ and enantio‐selective rearrangement resulted in (+)‐(2R,3R,1′R)‐3‐[1‐hydroxy‐2‐(triphenylmethoxy)ethyl]‐2‐phenyloxetane in >98% ee and de. Configurations of the new optically active products were determined by chemical correlation. Chirality, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lower and upper bound estimation of isotropic and orthotropic fracture mechanics problems using elements with rotational degrees of freedom
Authors: de Klerk Antoinette , Visser A. G. , Groenwold Albert A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe use Rice's path‐independent J integral, as well as its dual, the I* integral, to estimate lower and upper bounds of the stress intensity factor K in linear elastic fracture mechanics problems.The elements used contain rotational degrees of freedom, and are derived from the correct energy principles to guarantee path independence of the integrals. That is, the displacement‐based elements used in calculating the J integral are derived from the principle of potential energy; the assumed stress elements used in calculating the I* integral are derived from complementary energy principles.For lower bound estimation in particular, elements with drilling degrees of freedom are advantageous, due to their superior accuracy.Numerical results are presented for isotropic and orthotropic mode I and mode II fracture mechanics problems. In addition, we reflect on suitable finite element integration schemes, and applicable values for the problem dependent penalty parameter γ which is used in deriving the elements. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boundary‐value recovery by the Trefftz approach in structural inverse problems
Authors: Karaś M. S. , Zieliński A. P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe main idea of the Trefftz approach to numerical modelling consists in the application of trial functions identically fulfilling governing partial differential equations of a considered problem. When boundary conditions of the problem are defined a priori (direct formulation), they can be used to calculate the unknown solution coefficients. In structural inverse problems, the above conditions can be partly unknown (its shape is assumed to be unchanged). Instead, we can measure certain quantities inside the investigated structure and then approximately define the whole boundary‐value problem.Usually, solutions of inverse problems are connected with minimization of certain functionals, which results in optimization procedures. This kind of formulation is presented in detail and illustrated by numerical examples. The properties of the Trefftz approach allow to formulate alternative, much more effective, simple direct algorithms, which considerably shorten the time of computer calculations. This is clearly shown in several computational benchmarks for 2D elastic inverse problems. The proposed algorithms can be applied to any inverse boundary‐value problem, for which the complete T‐function sets are known. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scalable rate control for video transmission over UMTS
Authors: Alexiou Antonios , Bouras Christos , Igglesis Vaggelis 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes a mechanism for the congestion control for video transmission over Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). Our scheme is applied when the mobile user experiences real time multimedia content and adopts the theory of a widely accepted rate control method in wired networks, namely equation‐based rate control. In this approach, the transmission rate of the multimedia data is determined as a function of the packet loss rate, the round trip time and the packet size and the server explicitly adjusts its sending rate as a function of these parameters. Through a number of simulations and experiments we validate the correctness and measure the performance and efficiency of the mechanism. A first level of evaluation is carried out using the ns‐2 simulator. A second level then validates the proposed mechanism in real world traffic scenarios by performing experiments in a commercial UMTS network. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Trends in Alkaline Earth and Rare Earth Metal 3,5‐Diisopropylpyrazolates
Authors: Hitzbleck Julia , Deacon Glen B. , Ruhlandt‐Senge Karin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA series of 3,5‐diisopropylpyrazolates of magnesium, calcium, and strontium in addition to a divalent europium analog continues our investigation on the differences and similarities between the alkaline earth and divalent rare earth metal elements. The alkane elimination reaction between dibutylmagnesium and excess 3,5‐diisopropylpyrazole (iPr2pzH) in toluene afforded the dinuclear magnesium pyrazolate [{Mg(iPr2pz)2(iPr2pzH)}2] (1). [{Ca(iPr2pz)2(iPr2pzH)2}2] (2) and [{Eu(iPr2pz)2(iPr2pzH)2}2] (3) were obtained as the product of redox‐transmetallation/ligand‐exchange reactions between an excess of the corresponding metal, 2 equiv. of iPr2pzH, and Hg(C6F5)2 in toluene. This reaction with Sr metal led to the isolation of a unique byproduct, [Hg3(iPr2pz)4(C6F5)2] (4). High‐temperature direct metallation of barium with iPr2pzH afforded [{Ba(iPr2pz)2(py)3}2] (5) upon treatment of the hydrocarbon‐insoluble homoleptic [{Ba(iPr2pz)2}n] with pyridine (py). X‐ray crystal structure analyses revealed dinuclear structures for compounds 1–3 and 5 with μ‐ηn:ηm bridging pyrazolato ligands, including the new μ‐η1:η5 linkage, and further stabilization of 1–3 by intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the terminal pyrazole donor and terminal 1 or bridging pyrazolato ligands in 2 and 3. The trinuclear 4 displays the first example of a complex with an open, triangular Hg3 unit. It has μ‐η1:η1 bridging pyrazolato ligands and terminal pentafluorophenyl groups.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Application of CE for determination of DNA base composition
Authors: Hua Ngoc‐Phuc , Naganuma Takeshi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDNA base composition expressed as mol% of guanine plus cytosine (% GC) or GC content is a key parameter of bacterial taxonomy and genomic analyses. Direct chemical determination methods such as HPLC as well as indirect methods based on physical properties of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), melting point (Tm), and buoyant density (Bd) have been conventionally applied to determine the GC content. However, these methods require relatively large amounts of sample DNA, time, and labor. We have developed a protocol to determine the GC content by fine separation of nucleosides with CZE. Genomic DNAs with known GCcontent from 23 bacterial strains were determined by CE at the optimized conditions of 27°C, 20 kV in 50 mM of NaHCO3 (pH 9.0) and 70 mM SDS added. Nucleosides from <1 µg of DNA hydrolyzed with nuclease‐P1 and bacterial alkaline phosphatase were separated in a 75 µm wide and 80 cm long silica capillary. The nucleoside peak areas were determined at 254 nm in less than 12 min. The CE‐based determination of GC content requires only small amounts of DNA, and thus should be applicable to environmental genomics (metagenomics), as >90% of environmental micro‐organisms are nonculturable and produce only small amounts of genomic DNA.
Development of a CZE method for the determination of mizolastine and its impurities in pharmaceutical preparations using response surface methodology
Authors: Orlandini Serena , Giannini Iacopo , Gotti Roberto , Pinzauti Sergio , La Porta Enzo , Furlanetto Sandra 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA fast and selective CZE method for the determination of mizolastine and related impurities is described. Response surface methodology was applied to study the influence of phosphate/triethanolamine (TEA) buffer concentration, heptakis(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐CD (TMβCD) concentration, voltage and temperature. The optimum conditions were: 105 mM phosphate/TEA buffer (pH 3.0) containing 10 mM TMβCD, temperature 19°C and voltage 30 kV. Validation of the method was performed in drug substance and drug product. Robustness was evaluated using a Plackett–Burman design, including pH among the considered factors. Applying the optimal conditions, the nine peaks were baseline separated in about 10 min. The method was applied to the quality control of mizolastine in controlled‐release tablets.
Alkaline extraction of human plasma proteins from nondenaturing micro‐2‐D gels for protein/polypeptide mass measurement and peptide mass fingerprinting using MALDI‐TOF MS
Authors: Jin Ya , Manabe Takashi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPreviously, we have reported a high‐efficiency method of protein extraction from CBB‐stained polyacrylamide gels for molecular mass measurement with MALDI‐TOF MS [1]. In the present work, the alkaline extraction method was applied to CBB‐stained 2‐DE gels on which human plasma proteins were separated in the absence of denaturant. In order to examine the performance of the method, ten spots with apparent molecular masses (MMapp) in the range of 65 to 1000 kDa were selected and the proteins were extracted from the gel pieces. The extracts were subjected to whole‐mass measurement by MALDI‐TOF MS, with and without DTT treatment. In addition, the extracts were subjected to in‐solution trypsin digestion followed by MALDI‐TOF MS and PMF analysis. Successful extraction of proteins from the ten spots, up to MMapp 1000 kDa, has been ascertained by the significant PMF assignment (MASCOT) with high sequence coverage of the respective proteins or polypeptides. When direct mass measurement of the extracted proteins was attempted, three spots in MMapp range 65–100 kDa provided mass peaks. Five spots in MMapp range 150–400 kDa did not give mass peaks of the intact proteins, but showed those of the constituent polypeptides after the DTT treatment. Extraction of proteins prior to trypsin digestion enabled the procedure of PMF analysis to be much simpler than the conventional in‐gel digestion method, providing comparable protein scores and sequence coverage. The technique presented here suggests a new strategy for the characterization of proteins separated by nondenaturing 2‐DE.
Mercury speciation by CE: A review
Authors: Kubáň Petr , Houserová Pavlína , Kubáň Pavel , Hauser Peter C. , Kubáň Vlastimil 
Published: December 2006

AbstractCE methods for the speciation of inorganic and organomercury compounds are reviewed. Sample preparation, separation conditions and detection modes are discussed. Efficient separation and sensitive determination of mercury species by CE typically involves complexation with various thiols, chromogenic and other chelating agents; however, some methods do not require complexation. Spectrophotometric detection based on UV‐visible absorption is by far the most commonly used. Hyphenated techniques, such as CE/inductively coupled plasma (ICP)‐MS, hydride generation coupled to ICP‐MS or atomic fluorescence spectrometry and CE/atomic absorption spectrometry are gaining popularity due to their high sensitivity and selectivity. Last, but not least, the potential and applications of electrochemical methods for detection of separated mercury species are outlined.
Patients with Lewy body dementia use more resources than those with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Boström Fredrik , Jönsson Linus , Minthon Lennart , Londos Elisabet 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare resource use and costs in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to assess determinants of costs of care in DLB.MethodThirty‐four patients with DLB were included in a cross‐sectional study. The patients were matched with respect to age, gender and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score to 34 patients with AD. Both groups were examined using Resource Utilisation in Dementia (RUD Lite), MMSE and the Neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI). The DLB patients were additionally examined using the Disability Assessment for Dementia Scale (DAD).ResultsCosts of care in patients suffering from DLB was on average 348,000 SEK (37,500€) per year compared to 169,000 SEK (18,200€) in the AD group (p < 0.001). Within the DLB group, care costs correlated significantly (rc = 2.77, p < 0.001) with dependency in instrumental activities of daily living measured with DAD, whereas MMSE and NPI were not significantly correlated to resource use in the DLB group.ConclusionsDLB patients use more resources, and are more costly than AD patients. Dependency in instrumental activities of daily living is strongly correlated to resource use in DLB patients. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled trial of dementia training with a peer support group for aged care staff
Authors: Davison Tanya E. , McCabe Marita P. , Visser Sarah , Hudgson Catherine , Buchanan Greg , George Kuruvilla 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the impact of an eight‐session training program for aged care staff in managing dementia‐related challenging behaviours. Participation in the training program with an additional five‐session peer support group was compared with both participation in training only and a wait‐list control condition.MethodsOutcomes were evaluated for 90 participating staff members and 113 residents with challenging behaviours from six aged care facilities. Measures of staff attitudes and the behaviours of staff and residents were collected pre‐ and post‐intervention, and at six month follow‐up.ResultsStaff members in both dementia training groups reported improved attitudes regarding their knowledge and skills in managing residents with challenging behaviours, immediately after the training and six months later. Facility supervisors rated the nursing performance of trained staff more positively, particularly those who participated in a peer support group. The dementia training programs, whether with or without the inclusion of peer support, did not impact on levels of staff burnout or substantially reduce the level of challenging behaviours among aged care residents.ConclusionsWhile training programs may impact positively on staff performance, organisational characteristics of aged care facilities, including low levels of management support for staff training initiatives, limit the potential outcomes. Methodological limitations are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multilevel models for estimating incremental net benefits in multinational studies
Authors: Grieve Richard , Nixon Richard , Thompson Simon G. , Cairns John 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMultilevel models (MLMs) have been recommended for estimating incremental net benefits (INBs) in multicentre cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA). However, these models have assumed that the INBs are exchangeable and that there is a common variance across all centres. This paper examines the plausibility of these assumptions by comparing various MLMs for estimating the mean INB in a multinational CEA. The results showed that the MLMs that assumed the INBs were exchangeable and had a common variance led to incorrect inferences. The MLMs that included covariates to allow for systematic differences across the centres, and estimated different variances in each centre, made more plausible assumptions, fitted the data better and led to more appropriate inferences. We conclude that the validity of assumptions underlying MLMs used in CEA need to be critically evaluated before reliable conclusions can be drawn. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of adjunctive antidepressant therapy with quetiapine on clinical outcome, quality of sleep and daytime motor activity in patients with treatment‐resistant depression
Authors: Baune B. T. , Caliskan S. , Todder D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of antidepressant therapy plus quetiapine on major depression, motor activity, daytime sleepiness and quality of sleep.MethodsPatients (N = 27) with major depressive disorder received a standard antidepressant treatment (Venlafaxine, Escitalopram) plus flexible dose of quetiapine. Patients' depression was monitored with HAM‐D‐21, motor activity was continuously measured with actigraphy and sleep parameters with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) over 4 weeks.ResultsWhereas depression, quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness showed a significant improvement over 4 weeks, change of daytime motor activity was significant only between the wash out period and the last 2 days of the study. Repeated measures of variance indicate an independent influence of quetiapine on improved depression, motor activity and sleep. While we found only a mild decrease of daytime sleepiness during the first week of treatment, the further decline of daytime sleepiness got significant after 2 weeks of treatment with quetiapine, even at high mean daily doses and despite the sedative effects of quetiapine.ConclusionsAntidepressant treatment plus quetiapine is possibly a suitable treatment strategy to improve clinical depression, quality of sleep and motor activity. Future research is needed to understand the pharmacological interactions between antidepressants and quetiapine in major depression. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Possible predictors of response to clonazepam augmentation therapy in patients with protracted depression
Authors: Morishita Shigeru , Arita Seizaburo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIntroductionClonazepam has been shown to be an effective supplementary treatment for depression. Thus, it would be useful to determine which patient characteristics are associated with response to clonazepam.AimsThe purpose of this study was to examine the possible predictors of response to clonazepam in the treatment of depression.MethodA retrospective cohort analysis was carried out in 120 patients with protracted depression who were being treated with clonazepam.ResultsA variety of clinical factors, including age, gender, type of depression, frequency of episodes, family history; and daily dose of clonazepam, were analyzed as possible predictors of response to clonazepam. A Weibull regression analysis showed that the factors that best predicted improvement with clonazepam augmentation were negative family history of psychiatric illness (ecoef = 0.378), daily clonazepam dose of 2.5–4.0 mg (ecoef = 0.160), and unipolar depression (ecoef = 0.147).ConclusionsThese factors should be considered when clonazepam augmentation therapy is selected for protracted depression. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lower weight gain with the orally disintegrating olanzapine than with standard tablets in first‐episode never treated psychotic patients
Authors: Arranz B. , San L. , Dueñas R.M. , Centeno M. , Ramirez N. , Salavert J. , del Moral E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectiveA post‐hoc analysis of the data from a randomised clinical trial involving prescription of antipsychotic treatment to never treated first‐onset psychotic patients was used to compare the weight change after 6‐week olanzapine treatment (standard tablets vs. orally disintegrating formulation).MethodIn the subgroup of 38 patients randomised to olanzapine, standard olanzapine tablets were non‐randomly and consecutively prescribed to the first 19 patients, with the orally disintegrating formulation being prescribed to the following 19 patients.ResultsAfter 6‐week treatment with olanzapine, a significant higher increase in weight was noted in those patients on standard tablets (mean weight increase 6.3 ± 1.9 Kg) as compared to those on orally disintegrating olanzapine (mean weight increase 3.3 ± 3.2 Kg) (F = 7.7; p = 0.009). BMI increase was also significantly higher in the olanzapine tablet group (mean increase of 2.1 Kg/m2 as compared with 1.1 Kg/m2 in the orally disintegrating group) (F = 4.7; p = 0.036). Substantial weight gain (SWG) (≥7% increase from baseline weight) was noted in 84.2% (n = 16) of the olanzapine tablet patients and in 31.6% (n = 6) of the orally disintegrating olanzapine patients, with the olanzapine tablet group showing a significant increase in the mean percentage of weight gain (F = 4.0; p = 0.014).ConclusionsPartial sublingual absorption occurring with orally disintegrating olanzapine may bypass gastrointestinal metabolisation and hence lead to differences in metabolite versus parent compound ratios. However, the need arises to replicate the present study with a longer follow‐up. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.