bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROBUSTNESS OF THE HEADQUARTERS‐CITY EFFECT ON STOCK RETURNS
Authors: Anderson Christopher W. , Beracha Eli 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRecent studies report that U.S. firms headquartered near each other experience positive comovement in their stock returns, a finding suggestive of local biases in equity trading activity. We investigate the robustness of these findings and find that including additional pricing factors in models for monthly stock returns materially reduces the magnitude of the headquarters‐city effect in stock returns. Additionally, we find that an implicit null hypothesis of zero local return comovement is inappropriate as there is positive comovement between a stock's return and returns on portfolios of stocks from nonheadquarters cities, on average. Nevertheless, results benchmarked against estimates based on resampling methods indicate a significant and robust headquarters‐city effect in stock returns.
Environmental Assessment of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Processes
Authors: Healy Meagan L. , Dahlben Lindsay J. , Isaacs Jacqueline A. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe environmental assessment of nanomanufacturing during the initial process design phase should lead to the development of competitive, safe, and environmentally responsible engineering and commercialization. Given the potential benefits and concerns regarding the use of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), three SWNT production processes have been investigated to assess their associated environmental impacts. These processes include arc ablation (arc), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and high‐pressure carbon monoxide (HiPco). Without consideration of the currently unknown impacts of SWNT dispersion or other health impacts, life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is used to analyze the environmental impact and provide a baseline for the environmental footprint of each manufacturing process. Although the technical attributes of the product resulting from each process may not be fully comparable, this study presents comparisons that show that the life cycle impacts are dominated by energy, specifically the electricity used in production. Under base case yield conditions, HiPco shows the lowest environmental impact, while the arc process has the lowest impact under best case yield conditions.
Deliberate Practice and Acquisition of Expert Performance: A General Overview
Authors: Anders Ericsson K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTraditionally, professional expertise has been judged by length of experience, reputation, and perceived mastery of knowledge and skill. Unfortunately, recent research demonstrates only a weak relationship between these indicators of expertise and actual, observed performance. In fact, observed performance does not necessarily correlate with greater professional experience. Expert performance can, however, be traced to active engagement in deliberate practice (DP), where training (often designed and arranged by their teachers and coaches) is focused on improving particular tasks. DP also involves the provision of immediate feedback, time for problem‐solving and evaluation, and opportunities for repeated performance to refine behavior. In this article, we draw upon the principles of DP established in other domains, such as chess, music, typing, and sports to provide insight into developing expert performance in medicine.
A new corneal disease with recurrent erosive episodes and autosomal‐dominant inheritance
Authors: Hammar Björn , Björck Erik , Lagerstedt Kristina , Dellby Anette , Fagerholm Per 
Published: September 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype in a large family with autosomal‐dominant recurrent corneal erosions, and also to exclude genetic linkage to known autosomal‐dominant inherited corneal dystrophies with clinical resemblance.Methods:  We describe the medical history and clinical findings in patients from a six‐generation family with recurrent corneal erosions. A total of 28 individuals were evaluated by ophthalmological examination. Genomic DNA was prepared from peripheral blood and analysed with polymorphic microsatellite markers close to known genes causing autosomal‐dominant corneal dystrophies.Results:  The patients had erosive symptoms that usually lasted from 1 to 7 days. The symptoms were described as early as at 8 months of age, and by the age of 5 the majority of the affected individuals suffered from recurrent corneal erosions. The attacks generally declined in frequency and intensity with age, and 52% of the patients developed central keloid‐like corneal opacities. Nine patients received corneal grafts, and recurrences were seen in all grafts. The affected patients did not share haplotypes for genetic microsatellite markers surrounding known genes causing autosomal‐dominant corneal dystrophies.Conclusion:  We describe a new hereditary disease with recurrent corneal erosions. Attacks of symptoms similar to recurrent erosions dominate the phenotype, but half of those affected also developed corneal, keloid‐like, central opacities. This disorder was not genetically linked to any clinically resembling corneal dystrophies with autosomal‐dominant inheritance.
Shakespeare's ‘Other’ Worlds: The Critical Trek
Authors: Bartels Emily 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSince the 1980s, Shakespearean criticism has been preoccupied with Shakespeare's representation of ‘other’– non‐English or non‐European – worlds. That preoccupation has not only revolutionized established understandings of early modern literature and culture; it has also catalyzed important changes in reading practices themselves. The following essay provides a comprehensive overview of these important developments, looking at the critical trajectories leading to and from a still evolving interest in the ‘other’. My purpose is two‐fold: (1) to identify the scholarship and questions signal to the interrogation of Shakespeare's ‘other’ worlds; and (2) to address the impact of this line of inquiry on Shakespeare studies.
Visual Images of America in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Brennan Elaine 
Published: September 2008

AbstractArtists rarely accompanied sixteenth‐century voyages of discovery and exploration.1 As a consequence, few first‐hand visual representations of the New World were produced. Despite this, published accounts of the Americas in the sixteenth century often included illustrations. With some notable exceptions, the voyagers themselves did not supply the images, or directly supervise their publication. Accurate or not, these images, together with the texts they illustrated, contributed to the construction of the Americas in European consciousness. Only a small number of original first‐hand pictorial works survive today, the most important being John White's drawings of the Algonquian Indians of Roanoke, Virginia, from 1585–86. The recent major exhibition of John White's drawings may provoke new scholarly interest in sixteenth‐century visual images of the Americas, a topic which offers a rich and relatively neglected area of study.2 This article offers an introduction to the field together with some suggestions for avenues of further research.3
Does Gender Matter in Personality Psychology?
Authors: Stewart Abigail , Cortina Lilia , Curtin Nicola 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this essay, we assess whether gender is important to personality in the eyes of mainstream personality psychologists and in the eyes of feminist psychologists. We discover that these two perspectives are in fact widely divergent. Most research on personality published today in top‐tier ‘mainstream’ personality journals does not take gender seriously. Moreover, frequently‐used textbooks on personality – whether focused on theories or themes – pay little attention to issues of gender. In contrast, most research on personality published in journals focused on the psychology of women and gender treats gender as an important feature of personality. In that research, gender is fully theoretically integrated into the research, testable hypotheses are developed, and analyses include considerable attention to gender. The current segregation of perspectives on the relevance of gender to personality strikes us as deeply problematic for progress in developing a complete picture of personality in context.
Studying the Sociology of Journalists: The Journalistic Field and the News World
Authors: Dickinson Roger 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis article makes a case for a socially situated and theoretically sophisticated approach to the sociological study of journalists. This is urgently needed for us to understand the increasingly complex news production environment and the rapidly evolving nature of journalistic practice. Two theoretical approaches to studying the sociology of journalists are outlined and discussed. The first is a development of Pierre Bourdieu's field theory; the second – the ‘news world’ approach – emerges from the social worlds approach commonly associated with Howard S. Becker. Each approach on its own shows considerable promise for the analysis of the increasingly complex news media environment. The article concludes that the journalistic field and the news world approaches could be combined to create a new framework for the sociological study of journalism that would provide a way forward for the important empirical research on journalists that is now needed.
Morphological study of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) by multiplanar optical coherence tomography
Authors: Takai Yoshiko , Ishiko Satoshi , Kagokawa Hiroyuki , Fukui Katsuhiko , Takahashi Atsushi , Yoshida Akitoshi 
Published: September 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  We set out to determine whether morphological retinal changes occur in patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR).Methods:  Five patients diagnosed with AZOOR were studied. They included two men and three women, with an age range of 23−51 years. Symptoms and findings were retrospectively and prospectively collected. The three‐dimensional multiplanar optical coherence tomography (OCT) Ophthalmoscope® was used to examine the morphology of the retina in patients who were examined between April 2000 to December 2004. Standardized full‐field electroretinograms (ERGs) and multifocal ERGs (mfERGs) were recorded.Results:  All the patients reported an acute onset of visual disturbances including a decrease of central vision and photopsia. The a‐ and b‐waves of full‐field ERGs were decreased, and the mfERGs in the central area were reduced. Ophthalmoscopic examination showed no obvious fundus abnormalities. OCT Ophthalmoscopic® images of a cross‐sectional plane revealed hyporeflection at the level of the photoreceptor layer in the macular region in three of five patients, and presence of one or two layers in which the inner/outer segment junction of the photoreceptor layer was absent in the other two patients. En‐face, constant depth C‐scans, which present the image parallel to the retina, revealed an abnormal, patchy hyper‐reflection in the affected eyes of two patients and in the non‐affected eye in one of these two patients.Conclusions:  The changes in OCT Ophthalmoscope® B‐scan images indicate morphological damage to the photoreceptors, which probably accounts for the functional alterations. The alterations in the C‐scan image in the normal fellow eye of one patient suggest that morphological changes may precede symptomatic changes.
Harry Moss Traquair (1875–1954), Scottish ophthalmologist and perimetrist
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej 
Published: September 2008

Abstract.Harry Moss Traquair (1875–1954) was an Edinburgh Ophthalmologist, who was especially involved in the studies of perimetry and neuro‐ophthalmology. In his monumental work, An Introduction to Clinical Perimetry, which for years was the standard textbook of perimetry, he included the description of the visual field as “an island of vision or hill of vision surrounded by a sea of blindness”. His name continues to be recalled in the use of the term “Traquair Junctional Scotoma”. In this history of Ophthalmology research, Traquair’s life and work, including his major achievements, are discussed.
Effect of systemic moxaverine on ocular blood flow in humans
Authors: Resch Hemma , Weigert Günther , Karl Katharina , Pemp Berthold , Garhofer Gerhard , Schmetterer Leopold 
Published: September 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  A number of common eye diseases are associated with ocular perfusion abnormalities. The present study aimed to investigate whether systemically administered moxaverine improves ocular blood flow.Methods:  Sixteen healthy volunteers were studied in this randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, two‐way crossover study. Moxaverine in a dose of 150 mg was administered i.v. Ocular haemodynamic parameters were measured before and after drug administration. Retinal arterial and venous diameters were measured with a retinal vessel analyser. Retinal blood velocity was assessed using laser Doppler velocimetry and choroidal and optic nerve head blood flow was measured with laser Doppler flowmetry.Results:  Moxaverine increased choroidal blood flow (22.6 ± 27.9%), an effect which was significant versus placebo (p = 0.015). Red blood cell velocity in retinal veins tended to increase by 13.6 ± 13.3% after infusion of moxaverine, but this effect was not significant compared with placebo (p = 0.25). In the optic nerve head moxaverine also tended to increase blood flow (11.8 ± 12.7%), but, again, this effect was not significant versus placebo (p = 0.12). Neither moxaverine nor placebo had an effect on retinal arterial diameters. In retinal veins moxaverine tended to induce vasodilation (2.6 ± 2.8%) and to increase blood flow (19.6 ± 16.5%), but these effects were not significant (both p = 0.12).Conclusions:  The present study indicates an increase in choroidal blood flow after systemic infusion of a single dose of moxaverine in healthy subjects. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether these effects are also seen after longterm treatment in patients with ocular vascular disease.
The
Limiting Radius for Freezing a Tumor During Percutaneous
Cryoablation
Authors: Nakayama Akira , Kuwahara Yusuke , Iwata Kansei , Kawamura Masafumi 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The freezing front in a tumor during percutaneous cryoablation therapy was traced both analytically and numerically exploiting a bioheat equation. It has been shown that there exists a limiting size of the tumor, which one single cryoprobe can freeze at the maximum. The freezing front moves radially outward from the cryoprobe and reaches the end, where the heat from the surrounding tissue to the frozen tissue balances with the heat being absorbed by the cryoprobe. An excellent agreement between the analytical and numerical results has been achieved for the time required to freeze the tumor using the cryoprobe of a single needle. An analytical expression for estimating the limiting radius has been derived to give useful information for cryotherapy treatment plans.
Turbulence characteristics in skimming flows on stepped spillways
Authors: Carosi G. , Chanson H. 
Published: September 2008

The stepped spillway design is characterized by an increase in the rate of energy dissipation on the chute associated with a reduction of the size of the downstream energy dissipation system. This study presents a thorough investigation of the air–water flow properties in skimming flows with a focus on the turbulent characteristics. New measurements were conducted in a large-size facility (θ = 22°; step height, h = 0.1 m) with several phase-detection intrusive probes. Correlation analyses were applied to estimate the integral turbulent length and time scales. The skimming flow properties presented some basic characteristics that were qualitatively and quantitatively in agreement with previous air–water flow measurements in skimming flows. Present measurements showed some relatively good correlation between turbulence intensities Tuand turbulent length and time scales. These measurements also illustrated large turbulence levels and large turbulent time and length scales in the intermediate region between the spray and bubbly flow regions.
Genetic structure of raccoons in eastern North America based on mtDNA: implications for subspecies designation and rabies disease dynamics
Authors: Cullingham C. I. , Kyle C. J. , Pond B. A. , White B. N. 
Published: September 2008

Subspecific designations are useful for wildlife management when they represent real barriers to gene flow. In this study, we assess genetic partitioning of mitochondrial DNA control region variation to determine if the structuring is congruent with morphologically defined subspecies of the common raccoon (Procyon lotor (L., 1758)). Mitochondrial control region sequences were analyzed within and among four subspecies ( Procyon lotor elucus Bangs, 1898, Procyon lotor lotor (L., 1758), Procyon lotor hirtus Nelson and Goldman, 1930, and Procyon lotor varius Nelson and Goldman, 1930) that occur along the eastern seaboard of North America through to the central United States. This identified 76 haplotypes, 59 of which were specific to one of the four ranges, while only 1 haplotype was wide-spread. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct lineages: one found primarily in Florida, one along the eastern seaboard, and the third predominantly to the west of the Mississippi River. These lineages likely diverged during the Pleistocene, as a result of rising sea levels creating barriers to gene flow. The range of P. l. elucus is still primarily one lineage supporting the subspecific designation; however, there is considerable lineage mixing across the ranges of P. l. hirtus, P. l. lotor, and P. l. varius, suggesting that they be synonymized to P. l. lotor. While some of these subspecies designations are not supported, we have found that landscape attributes affect gene flow, which can be of use in informing rabies management.
Foraging strategies of wolverines within a predator guild
Authors: van Dijk Jiska , Andersen Tommy , May Roel , Andersen Reidar , Andersen Roy , Landa Arild 
Published: September 2008

Within the predator guild, wolverines ( Gulo gulo (L., 1758)) have evolved as generalist predators and scavengers on prey killed by other predators. The recovery of wolves ( Canis lupus L., 1758) in the boreal forests of southern Norway during the late 1990s may have triggered consequent recolonization by wolverines through increased carcass availability. We investigated winter foraging behavior of wolverines in the boreal forest with regard to wolf, lynx ( Lynx lynx (L., 1758)), and red fox ( Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)) presence. We followed 55 wolverine tracks in the snow from at least nine individuals for a total of 237 km during the winters of 2003–2004. We documented 19 moose ( Alces alces (L., 1758)) and 4 bird carcasses, and no successful hunts. Wolverines did not follow guild species trails directly to carcasses; however, they did change their movement patterns after red fox encounters. While wolverines were more active at higher elevations, the probability of encountering a wolf was higher at lower elevations, suggesting a spatial separation between wolverines and wolves. Although wolverines seem to depend on wolf for carrion during winter, they did not use wolf trails to find carcasses. This may indicate that wolverines reduce risk of intraguild predation by avoiding direct confrontation with wolves.
Movement patterns, habitat selection, and corridor use of a typical woodland-dweller species, the European pine marten (Martes martes), in fragmented landscape
Authors: Pereboom Vincent , Mergey Marina , Villerette Nicolas , Helder Rémi , Gerard Jean-François , Lodé Thierry 
Published: September 2008

Woodland fragmentation through land consolidation practices (the merging of small fields by the removal of separating structures like hedgerows) is recognised as a major threat to biodiversity in Europe. While its impact on the occurrence of species has frequently been the object of focus, its impact on the movements of individuals has rarely been studied. We used paths of radio-tracked European pine martens ( Martes martes (L., 1758)), a forest-dwelling species, with fixes taken at 3 min intervals to determine their habitat use in fragmented landscape. Our results differ from those generally reported in the literature. Monitored individuals were not confined to large forests, and made additional use of small wood plots and hedgerows. Indeed, individuals moved faster in forests than in all other habitat types, which suggests that martens preferentially foraged in small woods, edges, and hedgerows. Roads and buildings were not avoided; fields, however, were avoided, although they did not act as barriers. Martens stayed close to forest cover when venturing into open ground, which suggests that although not restricted to forests, pine martens exhibit a certain dependence on the presence of trees in the vicinity.
Relationships among changes of serum leptin concentration, leptin mRNA expression in white adipose tissue (WAT), and WAT fat-cell size in female Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus)
Authors: Nakamura S. , Okano T. , Shibata H. , Saito M. , Komatsu T. , Asano M. , Sugiyama M. , Tsubota T. , Suzuki M. 
Published: September 2008

As a first step to study the relationship between fat accumulation and reproductive success in Japanese black bears ( Ursus thibetanus japonicus Schlegel, 1857) with the focus on leptin, we determined leptin cDNA sequences in the bears. Next, we studied the possibility of white adipose tissue (WAT) as a leptin secretion source by observing the changes of leptin mRNA expression in WAT by semiquantitative real-time reverse transcript – polymerase chain reaction, the index of WAT fat-cell size, and serum leptin concentration in pregnant bears. Then, based on our results, we discussed roles of leptin in those bears. The amino acid sequences of leptin from the bears were highly identical to that of other carnivores. The expression of leptin mRNA in WAT was detected from September to January, with a tendency to increase in late November and January; the relationship between changes in the index of WAT fat-cell size and those in serum leptin concentration was high (r = 0.55, P < 0.01), with an increase in both in mid-November. These results suggested that leptin was mainly secreted from WAT in bears and that serum leptin concentrations might reflect their nutritional condition. Moreover, leptin might serve as an indicator of their fat mass, which would affect their survival during hibernation and their reproductive success.