bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of palatal defects by trispiral tomography: A Pilot Study
Authors: Michel Randall G. , Baylin George J. , Hall Allen S. , Pipkin Isaac , Hudson William R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA pilot study is presented in which 12 selected patients, ages 3–11 years, were evaluated for a palatal defect utilizing trispiral tomography. Each patient, because of speech and hearing abnormalities, was evaluated by a speech pathologist and an otolaryngologist and voice recordings, audiometry, tympanometry and plain and cine radiographic X‐rays were obtained. Those children with speech and hearing abnormalities in whom the question of a palatal defect was raised underwent trispiral palatal tomography. Nine of the 12 patients selected for tomography demonstrated a palatal defect that was not detected by other means. Trispiral tomography appears to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of suspected palatal defects in selected patients.
Levamisole in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Heyning J. Van De 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn a pilot study as well as in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study, 21 patients suffering from recurrent aphthous stomatitis were treated with the immunotherapeutic agent, levamisole.The results obtained confirm previous studies that levamisole has a beneficial effect on the symptoms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and is well‐tolerated.
Acetylcholinesterase levels in nasal turbinate congestion.
Authors: Sherman Allen H. , Ellman George , Townsend Jeannette 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn a previous communication, one of the authors discussed prolonged congestion of the turbinates following nasal surgery. The clinical factors responsible were allergy or the traumatic effects of nasal packing on the turbinates.A study of turbinate function was done to find the factor responsible for this congestion. Biopsies of an inferior turbinate were obtained pre‐operatively and two weeks after surgery. The specimens were examined for the level of acetylcholinesterase by histochemical assay and were also studied by examining sections histologically.In the majority of cases, the level of acetylcholinesterase fell with the appearance of congestion and rose when the turbinates returned to normal.These results suggest a connection between turbinate congestion and levels of tissue acetylcholinesterase in the presence of inflammation or allergy.
What every otolaryngologist should know about hearing aids.
Authors: Schiff Maurice , Cohen Ivan J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe otolaryngologist does not have to fit hearing aids, but he does have to know with a broad encompassing view what is being done by the hearing aid dispenser and the audiologist in regards to hearing aid fitting and selection. The acquisition of a hearing aid is part of the general care for the hard of hearing. In this particular case, the otolaryngologist should always be the “Captain of the Ship.“ With him, as paramedical advisors and assistors, are the audiologist and the hearing aid dispenser. The ultimate responsibility of the members of this team to see that the patient is properly fitted and cared for is with the otolaryngologist. When problems exist with improper diagnosis or care, the medical‐legal responsibility falls on the shoulders of the otolaryngologist. Having an audiologist work with the otolaryngologist is most desirable for the measurement and recommendations for the hearing aid. The new FDA regulations require an otolaryngologic examination prior to fitting hearing aids, except for personal and religious reasons. Children under 18 years of age require both a medical and audiologic examination.To simplify conversation with other members of this team, one should have some basic concepts clarified: 1) The nature of a hearing aid. 2) The concepts and nomenclature used in and for probably 90% of all descriptions regarding hearing aids. 3) Types of aids. 4) Coupling methods which involve ear molds, tubes, vents, and inserts. 5) Types of fittings, whether cross, bi‐cross, monaural, etc. 6) Distortion. 7) Measurements. 8) Problems in fitting of hearing aids.It is reasonable to assume that adequate background in these simple basic concepts regarding hearing aids will permit the otolaryngologist to supervise and understand the nature of some of the complaints made by patients. It is totally desirable that a patient be seen by an otolaryngologist prior to being fit with a hearing aid. This can be accomplished by education of the public by the otolaryngologist.
Symposium on hearing loss ‐ The otolaryngologist's responsibility.: Differential diagnosis of hearing loss.
Authors: Paparella Michael M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn the practice of otolaryngology, a definite diagnosis or at least a working diagnosis should be established for all cases of hearing loss and especially sensorineural hearing loss. In this study, we described a time proven method by which the otolaryngologist can meet his responsibility for this important societal problem.
Flight activity and habitat use of Pipistrellus pygmaeus in a floodplain forest
Authors: Bartonička Tomàš , Řehák Zdeněk 
Published: July 2007

Seasonal and overnight changes in flight activity and habitat use of Pipistrellus
pygmaeus were studied in the floodplain forest in south-eastern Moravia
(Czech Republic) during the season 2001 using bat detectors. The night was
divided into thirds; during each one bat activity was recorded in selected
habitats, i.e. ecotones, water bodies, meadows inside the forest, forest paths
and dense forest. The season was also divided into four parts with respect
to the reproduction of bats, i.e., pregnancy, lactation, post-lactation and
movement period.
The highest activity was recorded at the beginning of the night (1st third).
During the 2nd third, flight activity was very low throughout the whole season.
The level of activity increased after the parturition during the 3rd third.
The seasonal course in activity showed a bimodal pattern along edges and
inside the forest with the first peak in spring (May) and the second one at the
end of summer (August). On the contrary, the level of foraging activity varied
at water surfaces although it was permanently higher in comparison with
activity in other habitats. Flight activity was well-balanced in the close forest
and over forest paths and was much lower than over water. Very low activity
was also registered over the meadows throughout the season.
Eine neue Robotergeneration für Raumfahrt, Dienstleistung und Chirurgie (A new Roboter-Generation for Space, Service and Surgery)
Authors: Hirzinger Gerd 
Published: July 2007

Zusammenfassung
Häufig wird die Robotik – insbesondere die Dienstleistungs- oder Service-Robotik – in ihrer Bedeutung für das neue Jahrhundert mit der Gen- und Biotechnologie verglichen. Vor allem Japan und Korea haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die erwarteten Milliarden-Märkte frühzeitig für sich zu erobern. Gefragt ist eine neue Generation von Robotern mit leichten, energieoptimalen Armen und geschickten mehrfingrigen Händen, die ein kleines Trägerfahrzeug oder eine Laufmaschine nicht überlasten. Die Anforderungen der Raumfahrt an mechatronische Höchst-Integration, Extrem- Leichtbau und minimalen Energieverbrauch tragen dazu bei, diesem Technologie-Defizit zu begegnen. Die entsprechenden Entwicklungen des DLR-Instituts für Robotik und Mechatronik und ihre Anwendungsperspektiven auf die terrestrische Service- und Chirurgierobotik sind die Kernelemente dieses Beitrags.
Molecular Imaging of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Homing and Engraftment in Ischemic Myocardium
Authors: Sheikh Ahmad Y. , Lin Shu-An , Cao Feng , Cao Yuan , van der Bogt Koen E.A. , Chu Pauline , Chang Ching-Pin , Contag Christopher H. , Robbins Robert C. , Wu Joseph C. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) therapy shows promise as a treatment for ischemic heart disease. However, the ability to monitor long-term cell fate remains limited. We hypothesized that molecular imaging could be used to track stem cell homing and survival after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We first harvested donor BMMCs from adult male L2G85 transgenic mice constitutively expressing both firefly luciferase (Fluc) and enhanced green fluorescence protein reporter gene. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed ∼0.07% of the population to consist of classic hematopoietic stem cells (lin-, thy-int, c-kit+, Sca-1+). Afterward, adult female FVB recipients (n = 38) were randomized to sham surgery or acute I/R injury. Animals in the sham (n = 16) and I/R (n = 22) groups received 5 × 106 of the L2G85-derived BMMCs via tail vein injection. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was used to track cell migration and survival in vivo for 4 weeks. BLI showed preferential homing of BMMCs to hearts with I/R injury compared with sham hearts within the first week following cell injection. Ex vivo analysis of explanted hearts by histology confirmed BLI imaging results, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (for the male Sry gene) further demonstrated a greater number of BMMCs in hearts with I/R injury compared with the sham group. Functional evaluation by echocardiography demonstrated a trend toward improved left ventricular fractional shortening in animals receiving BMMCs. Taken together, these data demonstrate that molecular imaging can be used to successfully track BMMC therapy in murine models of heart disease. Specifically, we have demonstrated that systemically delivered BMMCs preferentially home to and are retained by injured myocardium.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Mosaic variegated aneuploidy without microcephaly: Implications for cytogenetic diagnosis
Authors: Micale Mark A. , Schran David , Emch Sean , Kurczynski Thaddeus W. , Rahman Nazneen , Van Dyke Daniel L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA) is a rare condition characterized by multiple trisomies, rarely monosomies, and a non‐specific phenotype including microcephaly, growth and mental retardation, mild malformations, and an increased risk of malignancy. We describe a patient with MVA in whom trisomy 19 mosaicism was originally suspected. The patient was the product of an uncomplicated term pregnancy and delivery. Significant findings were mental retardation, obesity, mild epicanthal folds, tapering fingers, relatively small hands and feet, alternating exotropia, nasal speech limited to short phrases, and generalized hypotonia. There is no family history for birth defects, mental retardation, or consanguinity. The initial peripheral blood chromosome study showed trisomy 19 in 4 of 31 metaphase cells. Because mosaic trisomy 19 is rare, the study was extended to 100 cells, wherein two cells with trisomy 8 were identified. A second blood karyotype was obtained and found to be 47,XX,+8[3]/47,XX,+19[3]/47,XX, +18[2]/47,XX,+9[1]/46,XX[91]. Skin fibroblast chromosome studies revealed a 46,XX karyotype in 120 cells examined. There was no evidence of premature centromere separation. Mutations in the BUB1B gene that encodes a key mitotic spindle checkpoint protein have been described in MVA; however, no mutations of this gene were identified in our patient. This case illustrates the importance of considering other possibilities when confronted with an extremely rare diagnosis such as mosaic trisomy 19. In addition, it shows the importance of not simply interpreting a low percentage of multiple aneuploidies as cell culture artifact, because an additional work‐up to rule out MVA may be warranted since this diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of malignancy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotype–phenotype mapping of chromosome 18q deletions by high‐resolution array CGH: An update of the phenotypic map
Authors: Feenstra Ilse , Vissers Lisenka E.L.M. , Orsel Mirjam , van Kessel Ad Geurts , Brunner Han G. , Veltman Joris A. , van Ravenswaaij‐Arts Conny M.A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPartial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 18 lead to variable phenotypes. Common clinical features include a characteristic face, short stature, congenital aural atresia (CAA), abnormalities of the feet, and mental retardation (MR). The presence or absence of these clinical features may depend on the size and position of the deleted region. Conversely, it is also known that patients whose breakpoints are localized within the same chromosome band may exhibit distinct phenotypes. New molecular techniques such as array CGH allow for a more precise determination of breakpoints in cytogenetic syndromes, thus leading to better‐defined genotype–phenotype correlations. In order to update the phenotypic map for chromosome 18q deletions, we applied a tiling resolution chromosome 18 array to determine the exact breakpoints in 29 patients with such deletions. Subsequently, we linked the genotype to the patient's phenotype and integrated our results with those previously published. Using this approach, we were able to refine the critical regions for microcephaly (18q21.33), short stature (18q12.1‐q12.3, 18q21.1‐q21.33, and 18q22.3‐q23), white matter disorders and delayed myelination (18q22.3‐q23), growth hormone insufficiency (18q22.3‐q23), and CAA (18q22.3). Additionally, the overall level of MR appeared to be mild in patients with deletions distal to 18q21.33 and severe in patients with deletions proximal to 18q21.31. The critical region for the ‘typical’ 18q‐phenotype is a region of 4.3 Mb located within 18q22.3‐q23. Molecular characterization of more patients will ultimately lead to a further delineation of the critical regions and thus to the identification of candidate genes for these specific traits. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zur Reaktionskinetik des Voltolprozesses
Authors: Umstätter H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUnter Voltolprozeß versteht man ein im technischen Maßstab ausgeführtes Verfahren zur Polymerisation von Schmierölkohlenwasserstoffen und Fetten unter dem Einfluß stiller elektrischer Entladungen im Vakuum. Die Erscheinung als solche wurde schon von Berthelot beobachtet. Sie wurde technisch erstmalig von den Hemptinen in den grundlegenden Electrion‐Patenten ausgewertet. Der physikalische Vorgang wurde von W. Nernst als Stoßionisation gedeutet. Danach wird durch Elektronenstoß Wasserstoff abgespalten, wodurch die entstehenden Olradikale sich zu größeren Molekeln verbinden (Kondensation). So plausibel diese Erklärung auch sein mag und im wesentlichen den Kern der Sache auch trifft, so bleibt doch noch eine Reihe technisch wichtiger Einzelfragen offen, die im folgenden behandelt wird.
Synthesis, Cleavage Profile, and Antitumor Efficacy of an Albumin‐Binding Prodrug of Methotrexate that is Cleaved by Plasmin and Cathepsin B
Authors: Warnecke André , Fichtner Iduna , Saß Gretel , Kratz Felix 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCathepsin B and plasmin are intra‐ or extracellular proteases that are overexpressed by several solid tumors. In order to exploit both proteases as molecular targets for tumor‐specific cleavage of prodrugs, an albumin‐binding formulation of methotrexate was developed that incorporated the peptide sequence D‐Ala‐Phe‐Lys as the protease substrate. Albumin is a suitable carrier for cytostatic agents due to passive accumulation in solid tumors. Synthesis was performed by coupling the peptide linker EMC‐D‐Ala‐Phe‐Lys(Boc)‐Lys‐OH (EMC = ε‐maleimidocaproic acid) to the γ‐COOH group of α‐tert‐butyl protected methotrexate. After cleavage of the protective groups and purification on reverse phase HPLC, a highly water‐soluble methotrexate‐peptide derivative was obtained that binds rapidly and selectively to human serum albumin. The albumin‐bound form of the prodrug was shown to be efficiently cleaved by cathepsin B and plasmin as well as in an ovarian carcinoma homogenate (OVCAR‐3) liberating a methotrexate‐lysine derivative. In an OVCAR‐3 xenograft model, the prodrug at a dose of 4×15 mg/kg methotrexate equivalents demonstrated distinctly superior antitumor efficacy compared to free methotrexate at a dose of 4×100 mg/kg [T/C(%) for MTX = 69; T/C(%) for MTX prodrug = 29]. The data provide a further proof of concept for the development of albumin‐binding, enzymatically cleavable prodrugs of anticancer drugs.
Setting the sales budget: An exploratory study
Authors: Grønhaug Kjell , Ims Knut O. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article explores how the sales budget is set in a business organization. Findings from a longitudinal participant observation study revealed that the sales budget is considered of great importance to the organization as sales estimates serve as premises for planning of production and supply and new product developments. It was observed that the sales budget was based on a narrow, inner‐directed perspective, almost looking away from important environmental driving forces such as competitors and customers. The findings also showed that individuals involved in the sales budgeting process behaved opportunistically, influencing the budgetary process and outcomes. Theoretical and normative implications are highlighted.
Regret and disappointment in taxpayer reporting decisions: An experimental study
Authors: Kelsey David , Schepanski Albert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper reports on experiments which test whether factors such as regret or disappointment influence taxpayer compliance decisions. Previous tests of regret and disappointment theory have been based upon the common‐ratio effect in which probabilities vary while outcomes are held fixed. In contrast, our experiments involved trials in which the outcomes were allowed to vary. Previous tests had mainly found evidence of regret effects and to a lesser extent were supportive of disappointment. In contrast, we were able to reject simple theories of both regret and disappointment. A second experiment produced evidence which indicates that whether or not rejected risky alternatives are resolved has no significant influence on subjects' choices. One would expect that regret could only occur when a subject learns the outcome of a non‐chosen option. Hence this result can be seen as evidence against regret theory. We shall argue that there is a possible interpretation of regret theory which is compatible with this result.
Judging the strength of designated evidence
Authors: Briggs Laura K. , Krantz David H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractJudgments of evidence strength were obtained in a series of vignettes, each containing one or two items of evidence for each of two logically independent hypotheses. Each judgment concerned a designated subset of the presented evidence. Different groups of subjects encountered different but overlapping sets of evidence. We compared groups that judged the same designated evidence for the same hypothesis, but differed in exposure to surrounding (nondesignated) evidence. Results showed clear separation of relevant from irrelevant evidence and of designated from surrounding relevant evidence. This was particularly clear in the second experiment, where judgments of designated evidence remained invariant whether the surrounding evidence supported or contradicted the specified hypothesis. The conjunction fallacy was observed for judgments of evidence strength, but was substantially reduced by a simple instruction. Because subjects can separate evidence, it becomes possible to construct cardinally scaled standards of evidence strength using conjoint‐measurement methods.
Predicting a changing taste: Do people know what they will like?
Authors: Kahneman Daniel , Snell Jackie 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA distinction is made between decision utility, experienced utility, and predicted utility and an experiment is reported addressing people's ability to forecast experienced utility. Subjects in two experiments made predictions of their future liking for stimuli to which they were then exposed daily for one week. The stimuli were ice cream in a pilot study, plain yogurt in the main study, and short musical pieces in both studies. Decreased liking was the modal prediction, even when the true outcome was increased liking, or reduced dislike. There was substantial stability of tastes, but there were also substantial individual differences in the size and even the sign of changes in liking with repeated exposure. There was little or no correlation between the predictions of hedonic change that individuals made and the changes they actually experienced.
Inconsistency and uncertainty in multi‐attribute judgment of human performance
Authors: Ganzach Yoav 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of uncertainty and inconsistency on the judgment of human performance. The results indicate that the effect of inconsistency on judgment is not mediated by subjective uncertainty. We find that both the level and the extremity of judgment decrease with uncertainty. These effects are explained, respectively, by uncertainty aversion and by regressiveness. We also find that both the level and the extremity of judgment of human performance increase with inconsistency. These effects are explained by reliance on integration rules in which judgment is based primarily on some aspects of the information, while other aspects are, to some extent, ignored.
Framing of decisions under ambiguity
Authors: Kashima Yoshihisa , Maher Patrick 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper reports three experiments that illustrate framing of decision problems due to Ellsberg (1961) in which probabilities are ambiguous. Although the standard Ellsberg problems often induce violations of Savage's sure‐thing principle, framing of the equivalent problems in a sequential format reduces these violations. Nevertheless, this has an ironic consequence of introducing another inconsistency in the decision makers' choices: An inconsistency between the standard and sequential formulations of the Ellsberg problems.
Probability judgment accuracy for general knowledge. Cross‐national differences and assessment methods
Authors: Whitcomb Kathleen M. , Önkal Dilek , Curley Shawn P. , George Benson P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this study we compare the probability judgment accuracy of subjects from the United States and Turkey. Three different response modes were employed — numerical probabilities, pie diagrams, and odds. The questions employed in the study were restricted to two‐alternative, general‐knowledge items. The observed pattern of differences in the components of probability judgment accuracy paralleled those of studies that have compared Western and Asian subjects. In particular, Turkish subjects exhibited better discrimination but worse calibration than their US counterparts. This result persisted across all three response modes. These findings lend support to previous assertions that observed cross‐national differences arise from socioeconomic rather than Asian versus Western cultural differences. However, the consistency of the observed differences across response modes refutes a previous assertion that observed cultural differences are merely the result of response bias.