bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ethanol extract of Piper betle Linn. mediates its anti-inflammatory activity via down-regulation of nitric oxide
Authors: Ganguly Sudipto , Mula Soumyaditya , Chattopadhyay Subrata , Chatterjee Mitali 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The leaves of Piper betle (locally known as Paan) have long been in use in the Indian indigenous system of medicine for the relief of pain; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this effect have not been elucidated. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of an ethanolic extract of the leaves of P. betle (100 mg kg−1; PB) were demonstrated in a complete Freund's adjuvant-induced model of arthritis in rats with dexamethasone (0.1 mg kg−1) as the positive control. At non-toxic concentrations of PB (5–25 μg mL−1), a dose-dependent decrease in extracellular production of nitric oxide in murine peritoneal macrophages was measured by the Griess assay and corroborated by flow cytometry using the nitric oxide specific probe, 4,5-diaminofluorescein-2 diacetate. This decreased generation of reactive nitrogen species was mediated by PB progressively down-regulating transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages, and concomitantly causing a dose-dependent decrease in the expression of interleukin-12 p40, indicating the ability of PB to down-regulate T-helper 1 pro-inflammatory responses. Taken together, the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthrotic activity of PB is attributable to its ability to down-regulate the generation of reactive nitrogen species, thus meriting further pharmacological investigation.
Antiproliferative, cytotoxic and antitumour activity of coumarins isolated from Calophyllum brasiliense
Authors: Ruiz-Marcial César , Chilpa Ricardo Reyes , Estrada Elizabeth , Reyes-Esparza Jorge , Fariña Germán Garrido , Rodríguez-Fragoso Lourdes 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Among the eight Calophyllum species found on the American continent, Calophyllum brasiliense is the most widely distributed. Chemical analysis of this species has shown the presence of xanthones with cancer chemopreventive properties and antifungal activity. Recently, three new coumarins with antineoplastic properties have been found. In this study, we have evaluated the biological effects of the antiproliferative activity of coumarins isolated from C. brasiliense on the survival, cell cycle and apoptosis of cells in-vitro and their antitumour effects in mice. The cytological study showed that coumarins from C. brasiliense reduce the survival of BMK cells (baby mouse kidney cells) by inducing apoptosis and, to a lesser degree, necrosis. The cell cycle was arrested in S-phase and the division of BMK cells was inhibited. Coumarins had caused a reduction of experimental tumours in 83% of animals by the end of the treatment. Therefore, coumarins have the potential to be used alone or in combination with other antineoplastic drugs, and they might increase the effectiveness of other treatments for cancer.
Differential involvement of TRPV1 receptors at the central and peripheral nerves in CFA-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia
Authors: Kanai Yoshihito , Hara Tomokazu , Imai Aki , Sakakibara Ayano 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTransient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonists are known to attenuate two typical symptoms of inflammatory hyperalgesia: thermal and mechanical. However, it is not clear whether the sites of participation of TRPV1 for each symptom are different. In this study, we clarified the difference between the site of TRPV1 involvement in both symptoms by analysing the anti-hyperalgesic activity of two kinds of TRPV1 antagonists given locally (i.e. intraplantarly and intrathecally) in rats with CFA (complete Freund's adjuvant)-induced inflammation. TRPV1 antagonists BCTC (N-(4-tertiarybutylphenyl)-4-(3-cholorphyridin-2-yl) tetrahydropyrazine-1 (2H)-carbox-amide, 1–300 μg) and SB-366791 (N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamide, 30–300 μg) administered intraplantarly in a dose-dependent manner inhibited CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia. In addition, CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia was significantly reversed by intrathecal administration of 1–100μg of BCTC and SB-366791. While intraplantar BCTC (1–300 μg) and SB-366791 (30–300 μg) did not reverse CFA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, 1–100 μg of intrathecally administered BCTC and SB-366791 dose-dependently reduced mechanical hyperalgesia. Regression analysis showed that a correlation exists between the inhibitory effects on thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hyperalgesia after intrathecal administration (correlation factor = 0.6521), but not after intraplantar administration (correlation factor = 0.0215). These data suggest that TRPV1 in the peripheral endings of the primary afferents plays a key role in thermal hyperalgesia, but it makes only a minor contribution in CFA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Furthermore, it is suggested that the spinal TRPV1 is critical in the development of both types of hyperalgesia.
The “double-faced” effect of VC-12 on free-radical-induced haemolysis of human erythrocytes: antioxidant and prooxidant
Authors: Li Guo-Xiang , Tang You-Zhi , Liu Zai-Qun 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Vitamin C is a popular antioxidant; however, its water solubility limits its function in the lipid environment. As a result, the antioxidative properties of its lipophilic derivatives have aroused research attention, especially L-ascorbyl-6-laurate (VC-12). We have investigated the effect of a high concentration of VC-12 on 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH)-induced haemolysis of human erythrocytes. The findings indicated that VC-12 was capable of protecting erythrocytes against AAPH-induced haemolysis when its concentration was below 60 μM. With an increase in the concentration of VC-12 and a decrease in the concentration of AAPH, VC-12 promoted haemolysis remarkably, the mechanism of which has been proposed as VC-12-mediated peroxidation. When the concentration of VC-12 was increased to above 150 μM, VC-12 promoted haemolysis by its function as a surfactant, to unbalance the osmotic pressure within and outside erythrocytes. High concentrations of VC-12 may have generated radicals via autooxidation, resulting in eventual haemolysis. Therefore, the double-faced effect of VC-12 on haemolysis of human erythrocytes was due to its concentration. This information may be useful for the safe use of lipophilic vitamin C.
Generalized regression neural networks in prediction of drug stability
Authors: Ibrić Svetlana , Jovanović Milica , Djurić Zorica , Parojčić Jelena , Solomun Ljiljana , Lučić Branka 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This study had two aims. Firstly, we wanted to model the effects of the percentage of Eudragit RS PO and compression pressure as the most important process and formulation variables on the time course of drug release from extended-release matrix aspirin tablets. Secondly, we investigated the possibility of predicting drug stability and shelf-life using an artificial neural network (ANN). Ten types of matrix aspirin tablets were prepared as model formulations and were stored in stability chambers at 60°C, 50°C, 40°C and 30°C and controlled humidity. Samples were removed at predefined time points and analysed for acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and salicylic acid (SA) content using stability-indicating HPLC. The decrease in aspirin content followed apparent zero-order kinetics. The amount of Eudragit RS PO and compression pressure were selected as causal factors. The apparent zero-order rate constants for each temperature were chosen as output variables for the ANN. A set of output parameters and causal factors were used as training data for the generalized regression neural network (GRNN). For two additional test formulations, Arrhenius plots were constructed from the experimentally observed and GRNN-predicted results. The slopes of experimentally observed and predicted Arrhenius plots were tested for significance using Student's t-test. For test formulations, the shelf life (t95%) was then calculated from experimentally observed values (t95% 82.90 weeks), as well as from GRNN-predicted values (t95% 81.88 weeks). These results demonstrate that GRNN networks can be used to predict ASA content and shelf life without stability testing for formulations in which the amount of polymer and tablet hardness are within the investigated range.
Changes in quality of life and psychological need satisfaction following the transition to secondary school
Authors: Gillison Fiona. , Standage Martyn. , Skevington Suzanne. 
Published: May 2007

BackgroundQuality of life (QoL) is an important area for research during adolescence, due to its associations with (1) physical and mental health and (2) the emergence of health risk behaviours. A time that poses a particular threat to QoL is the transition from primary to secondary school.AimsThis study aimed to investigate changes in QoL immediately following the transition to secondary school. Using Self‐Determination Theory (SDT) as a conceptual foundation, the relationship between QoL and satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs advanced by SDT (autonomy, competence and relatedness) was explored.SampleThe sample comprised 63 Year 7 students (age 11–12 years) attending a UK coeducational secondary school.MethodData were collected using self‐report questionnaires on three occasions over 10 weeks, starting on the second week of term. Change in need satisfaction was used to predict change in QoL, and the possible reciprocal relationship explored using regression analysis.ResultsA meaningful improvement in QoL was recorded for 21% of students. Improvements in QoL were predicted by satisfaction of the needs for autonomy and relatedness, but not by competence, explaining 36% of the variance. QoL showed a weaker, but reciprocal effect on need satisfaction.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that support for the needs for autonomy and relatedness would provide the most likely route to the enhancement of student QoL over the transition to senior school.
Testing an extended theory of planned behaviour to predict young people's sun safety in a high risk area
Authors: White Katherine M. , Robinson Natalie G. , Young Ross McD. , Anderson Peter J. , Hyde Melissa K. , Greenbank Susan , Rolfe Toni , Keane Julie , Vardon Paul , Baskerville Debra 
Published: May 2007

Objectives The present research examined the sun protection intentions and behaviours of young people in a high risk skin cancer area using an extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) incorporating additional social influences of group and image norms.Design The study employed a prospective design to examine young people's sun protection intentions and behaviour.Method Participants (N = 1,134), aged 12–20 years, were students (school, university, TAFE) and young employees living in Queensland, Australia. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing the TPB predictors (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control) and additional social influences (group norm, image norm) of sun protection intentions. Two weeks later, participants (N = 734) reported their sun protection behaviour for the previous fortnight.Results Results revealed that the TPB variables of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control and the additional social influence variable of group norms, but not image norms, emerged as significant predictors of intentions to engage in sun protection. The extended TPB variables accounted for 36% of the variance in intentions. For behaviour, the extended TPB variables accounted for 27% of the variance with both intention and, unexpectedly, group norm as the significant direct predictors of sun protective behaviours.Conclusions Results of this study provide support for the application of the TPB in the sun safety context and highlight the importance of considering the influence of group norms in the development of future interventions to increase young people's sun protection intentions and behaviour.
Modeling of homogeneous tin speciation using detailed chemical kinetics
Authors: Qiao Yu , Xu Minghou , Yao Hong , Wang Chen , Gong Xun , Chen Hanping , Li Laicai 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this work, ab initio molecular orbital methods were employed to study the reaction mechanisms of the oxidation of tin (Sn) with different oxidants, including O2, CO2, HOCl, HCl, ClO, ClO2 and NO3, during coal combustion. Eleven key reaction pathways were identified. Although Cl2 and HCl are generally low in concentration in coal and in the combustion flue gases, owing to their strong oxidizability, these oxidants should be considered for some trace element oxidation. A detailed kinetic modeling consisting of 354 reactions and 64 species especially for tin in combustion‐generated flue gases was performed. The quantum chemistry and sensitivity simulations illustrated that the pathways Sn + O2 = SnO + O and Sn + CO2 = SnO + CO are more significant than the other nine reactions. The present study shows that O2 and CO2 are the two main oxidants for tin oxidation. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Anti‐proliferative in‐vitro Activity of Two Natural Dihydrostilbenes and their Analogues
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Ge , Zhao Rui , Ren Jian , Ren Li‐Xiang , Lin Jin‐Guang , Liu Dai‐Lin , Wu Ying‐Liang , Yao Xin‐Sheng 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA total synthetic route for two natural dihydrostilbenes with significant cytotoxicity toward human cancer cell lines, (3‐(2‐(7‐methoxybenzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)ethyl)phenol 1a and 6‐(3‐hydroxyphenethyl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐4‐ol 1b), which were isolated from Bulbophyllum odoratissimum Lindl, was developed via Wittig–Horner reaction. The natural products 1a and 1b were obtained in 28% and 20% overall yield, respectively. Additionally, nine analogues, 1c‐1k, of the two natural dihydrostilbenes were synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐proliferative activity against human SGC‐7901, KB and HT‐1080 cell lines by MTT assay. The activities of 1c and 1d were in the same range as those of the natural products 1a and 1b.
Effects of short‐and long‐term pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on night sleep and cognitive functions in healthy subjects
Authors: Fritzer Gunther , Göder Robert , Friege Lars , Wachter Jessica , Hansen Volkert , Hinze‐Selch Dunja , Aldenhoff Josef B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe original article to which this erratum refers was published in Bioelectromagnetics 28:316–325.
Fate and clinical significance of saphenofemoral junction tributaries following endovenous laser ablation of great saphenous vein
Authors: Theivacumar N S , Dellagrammaticas D , Beale R J , Mavor A I D , Gough M J 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Background
Unlike surgery, endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) abolishes great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux but does not specifically interrupt the GSV tributaries at the groin. The fate and clinical significance of these tributaries were assessed in a prospective study.

Methods
Eight-one legs (70 patients) underwent colour flow duplex ultrasonography 12 months after GSV ablation for primary varicose veins. Saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) reflux, tributary patency, and recurrent or residual varicosities were recorded, and Aberdeen Varicose Vein Severity Scores (AVVSS) were compared with pretreatment values.

Results
The GSV had recanalized without evidence of reflux in two patients. None of the 81 legs showed SFJ reflux although one or more patent tributaries were visible in 48 (59 per cent); all were competent. In 32 legs (40 per cent) there was flush GSV occlusion with the SFJ and no tributaries were detectable. One leg showed evidence of neovascularization in the groin. AVVSS values were similar in groups with or without visible tributaries, both before and after EVLA: median (interquartile range) 13·9 (7·6–19·2) before EVLA and 2·9 (0·6–4·8) at follow-up in patients with visible tributaries, and 14·9 (9·2–20·2) and 3·1 (0·8–5·1) respectively in those without. Recurrent varicosities were present in one leg only, due to an incompetent mid-thigh perforating vein.

Conclusion
Persistent non-refluxing GSV tributaries at the SFJ did not appear to have an adverse impact on clinical outcome 1 year after successful EVLA of the GSV.
Multicentre randomized clinical trial of mechanical bowel preparation in elective colonic resection
Authors: Jung B , Påhlman L , Nyström P-O , Nilsson E 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have suggested that MBP does not lower the risk of postoperative septic complications after elective colorectal surgery. This randomized clinical trial assessed whether preoperative MBP is beneficial in elective colonic surgery.

Methods
A total of 1505 patients, aged 18–85 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists grades I–III, were randomized to MBP or no MBP before open elective surgery for cancer, adenoma or diverticular disease of the colon. Primary endpoints were cardiovascular, general infectious and surgical-site complications within 30 days, and secondary endpoints were death and reoperations within 30 days.

Results
A total of 1343 patients were evaluated, 686 randomized to MBP and 657 to no MBP. There were no significant differences in overall complications between the two groups: cardiovascular complications occurred in 5·1 and 4·6 per cent respectively, general infectious complications in 7·9 and 6·8 per cent, and surgical-site complications in 15·1 and 16·1 per cent. At least one complication was recorded in 24·5 per cent of patients who had MBP and 23·7 per cent who did not.

Conclusion
MBP does not lower the complication rate and can be omitted before elective colonic resection. Registration number: ISRCTN28535118 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Randomized clinical trial of single- versus multiple-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis in gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Mohri Y , Tonouchi H , Kobayashi M , Nakai K , Kusunoki M 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Background
The optimum duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis in elective gastric cancer surgery is still open to question. This multicentre randomized clinical trial compared a single-dose with a multiple-dose regimen of antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of surgical-site infection.

Methods
Between May 2001 and December 2004, 501 patients undergoing elective surgery for gastric cancer in ten centres were allocated randomly to single- or multiple-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of surgical-site infection, analysed by intention to treat.

Results
Some 243 patients who received a single dose and 243 who received multiple doses of antibiotics were included in the final analysis. The surgical-site infection rate was 9·5 per cent (23 of 243) and 8·6 per cent (21 of 243) respectively (difference 0·9 (95 per cent confidence interval − 4·3 to 5·9) per cent). Antimicrobial prophylaxis had no major adverse effects.

Conclusion
The incidence of surgical-site infection in elective gastric cancer surgery was similar with both antibiotic prophylaxis regimens.
Faecal incontinence (Br J Surg 2007; 94: 134–144)
Authors: Murphy J , Scott S M , Gladman M A , Lunniss P J 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and publishe in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Existence of low‐molecular‐weight thiols in Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrated by HPLC‐fluorescene detection utilizing 7‐chloro‐N‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole‐4‐sulfonamide
Authors: Asamoto Hiromichi , Ichibangase Tomoko , Saimaru Hiroshi , Uchikura Kazuo , Imai Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA highly sensitive and simple method using HPLC‐fluorescence detection with 7‐chloro‐N‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole‐4‐sulfonamide (DAABD‐Cl) as a fluorogenic reagent demonstrated the existence of the low‐molecular‐weight thiols in the extract of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The method includes derivatization of the thiols with DAABD‐Cl at 40°C for 10 min in borate buffer (pH 9.0) containing TCEP, CHAPS and EDTA, separation of the derivatives on an ODS column and fluorometric determination of the derivatives at 510 ± 15 nm with excitation at 400 ± 15 nm. The identification of the thiols was made by HPLC‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) following isolation of the derivatives using HPLC‐fluorescence detection. Low‐molecular‐weight thiols were found to exist in the extract of C. elegans, such as cysteine, cysteinylglycine, γ‐glutamylcysteine, reduced glutathione and two other unidentified thiol compounds, confirming the existence of the ‘glutathione cycle’ in C. elegans similar to the mammalian body. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peptidomic analysis of human acquired enamel pellicle
Authors: Vitorino Rui , Calheiros‐Lobo Maria João , Williams Jason , Ferrer‐Correia António J. , Tomer Kenneth B. , Duarte José A. , Domingues Pedro M. , Amado Francisco M. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHuman acquired enamel pellicle is the result of a selective interaction of salivary proteins and peptides with the tooth surface. In the present work, the characterization of the peptides as well as the type of interactions established with the enamel surface was performed. Peptides from in vivo bovine enamel implants in the human oral cavity were sequentially extracted using guanidine and trifluoroacetic acid solutions and the fractions obtained were analysed by LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS. Based on the LC‐MS data, six phosphorylated peptides were identified in an intact form, strongly adsorbed to the enamel surface. Data from the LC‐MS/MS analyses allowed us to identified 30 fragment peptides non‐covalently bonded to enamel [basic proline‐rich proteins, histatins (1 and 3) and acidic proline‐rich protein classes]. The tandem mass spectrometry experiments showed the existence of a pattern of amide bond cleavage for the different identified peptide classes suggesting a selective proteolytic activity. For histatins, a predominance of cleavage at Arg, Lys and His residues was observed, while for basic proline‐rich proteins, cleavage at Arg and Pro residues prevailed. In the case of acidic proline‐rich proteins, a clearly predominance of cleavage of the Gln–Gly amide bond was evident. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Informed consent: An overview
Authors: Lynn Joanne 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOver the past 25 years, obtaining informed consent for the performance of many medical procedures has become part of the practice of medicine. As opposed to the “duty to warn” that is enforced by the law, informed consent should be a cornerstone of a fully collaborative decision‐making process, the elements of which are presented in this paper. The responsibility for this process rests upon health care institutions and financing arrangements, as well as upon physicians and courts. In response to emergencies, patient preferences, and public interests, the consent process is justifiably abbreviated. However, as presently articulated, the consent process treats communication too simplistically, is distorted by the way it is enforced in litigation, is inattentive to social justice issues, and is not integrated into the moral commitment of physicians.