bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible cross‐regulation of the E prostanoid receptors
Authors: Tober Kathleen L. , Thomas‐Ahner Jennifer M. , Maruyama Takayuki , Oberyszyn Tatiana M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractExposure to UVB induces an inflammatory response in the skin that results in high levels of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and its enzymatic product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 signals via one of four E prostanoid (EP) receptors, EP1–4, but the roles of each of these receptors in UVB‐mediated inflammation and skin carcinogenesis have not been fully defined. Topical application of ONO‐8713, an EP1 antagonist, reduced the acute inflammatory effects of UVB irradiation. This compound also reduced UVB‐induced tumor formation by approximately 50%, suggesting that signaling of PGE2 via the EP1 receptor may play a role in UVB‐mediated inflammation and carcinogenesis. Our laboratory has demonstrated that the EP1 receptor localized to the suprabasal layers of the epidermis and the EP3 receptor was found in the basal keratinocytes of unirradiated murine skin. While UVB exposure induced no change in the localization of the EP1 receptor, the EP3 receptor was detected in all layers of the epidermis in response to UVB. In mice that were topically treated with ONO‐8713, UVB‐induced changes in EP3 localization were prevented. This alteration in EP3 receptor localization was not seen following topical application of the anti‐inflammatory drug celecoxib, indicating that the effects of ONO‐8713 were not because of its anti‐inflammatory properties. These results suggest a previously undescribed interaction between the EP1 and EP3 receptors in the epidermis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The functional contrariety of JNK
Authors: Bode Ann M. , Dong Zigang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe JNK proteins are activated by multiple and diverse stimuli, leading to varied and seemingly contradictory cellular responses. In particular, JNKs have been reported to have a role in the induction of apoptosis, but have also been implicated in enhancing cell survival and proliferation. Thus the JNK proteins seem to represent an archetype of contrariety of intracellular signaling. The opposing roles of JNKs have been attributed to the observation that JNKs activate different substrates based on specific stimulus, cell type or temporal aspects. Because of their analogous expression in apparently almost every tissue, JNK1 and JNK2 have most often been considered to have overlapping or redundant functions. In spite of this assessment, research evidence suggests that the functions of JNKs should be addressed in a manner that differentiates between their precise contributions. Specifically in this review, we examine evidence regarding whether the JNKs proteins might play distinctive roles in cellular processes associated with carcinogenesis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The mechanisms of tumor suppressor effect of glucocorticoid receptor in skin
Authors: Chebotaev Dmitry , Yemelyanov Alexander , Budunova Irina 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGlucocorticoid hormones exert a tumor suppressor effect in different experimental models, including mouse skin carcinogenesis. The glucocorticoid control of cellular functions is mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a well‐known transcription factor that regulates genes by DNA‐binding dependent transactivation, and DNA‐binding independent transrepression through negative interaction with other transcription factors. In this perspective, we analyze known mechanisms that underlie the anticancer effect of GR signaling, including effects on cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. We also discuss a novel mechanism for the tumor suppressor effect of the GR in skin: through the regulation of the number and status of follicular epithelial stem cells (SC), which are a target cell population for skin carcinogenesis. Our studies on keratin5.GR transgenic animals that are resistant to skin carcinogenesis, demonstrated that the GR diminishes the number of follicular epithelial SCs, reduces their proliferative and survival potential and affects the expression of follicular SC “signature” genes. The analysis of global effect of the GR on gene expression in follicular epithelial SCs, basal keratinocytes, and mouse skin tumors provided an unexpected evidence that gene transrepression by GR plays an important role in the maintenance of SC and in inhibition of skin carcinogenesis by this steroid hormone receptor. It is known that antiinflammatory effect of glucocorticoids is chiefly mediated by GR transrepression. Thus, our findings suggest the similarity between the mechanisms of antiinflammatory and anticancer effects of the GR signaling. We discuss the potential clinical applications of our findings in light of drug discovery programs focused on the development of selective GR modulators that preferentially induce GR transrepression. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basal ganglia cholinergic and dopaminergic function in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Warren Naomi M. , Piggott Margaret A. , Greally Elizabeth , Lake Michelle , Lees Andrew J. , Burn David J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractProgressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In contrast to Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), replacement therapy with dopaminergic and cholinergic agents in PSP has been disappointing. The neurochemical basis for this is unclear. Our objective was to measure dopaminergic and cholinergic receptors in the basal ganglia of PSP and control brains. We measured, autoradiographically, dopaminergic (dopamine transporter,125I PE2I and dopamine D2 receptors,125I epidepride) and cholinergic (nicotinic α4β2 receptors,125I 5IA85380 and muscarinic M1 receptors,3H pirenzepine) parameters in the striatum and pallidum of pathologically confirmed PSP cases (n = 15) and controls (n = 32). In PSP, there was a marked loss of dopamine transporter and nicotinic α4β2 binding in the striatum and pallidum, consistent with loss of nigrostriatal neurones. Striatal D2 receptors were increased in the caudate and muscarinic M1 receptors were unchanged compared with controls. These results do not account for the poor response to dopaminergic and cholinergic replacement therapies in PSP, and suggest relative preservation of postsynaptic striatal projection neurones bearing D2/M1 receptors. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Lorenz‐gauged vector potential formulations for the time‐harmonic eddy‐current problem with L∞‐regularity of material properties
Authors: Fernandes Paolo , valli Alberto 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we consider some Lorenz‐gauged vector potential formulations of the eddy‐current problem for the time‐harmonic Maxwell equations with material properties having only L∞‐regularity. We prove that there exists a unique solution of these problems, and we show the convergence of a suitable finite element approximation scheme. Moreover, we show that some previously proposed Lorenz‐gauged formulations are indeed formulations in terms of the modified magnetic vector potential, for which the electric scalar potential is vanishing. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a ZP‐based contraceptive for marsupials: Comparative analysis and developmental expression of marsupial ZP genes
Authors: McCartney Carmen A. , Harris Merrilee S. , Rodger John C. , Mate Karen E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFertility control in the form of a zona pellucida (ZP)‐based immunocontraceptive has shown potential as a humane form of control for overabundant marsupials including the brushtail possum and macropods. Further refinement and development of a ZP‐based vaccine requires detailed knowledge of the protein structure and expression in order to ensure maximum efficacy and specificity. Sequencing and comparative analysis of the ZP3 protein from three marsupial orders in this study found a high overall level of conservation; within order Diprotodontia, the ZP3 protein is 86.9–98.9% identical. ZP3 identity falls to 56.6–57.2%, when the grey, short‐tailed opossum (a Didelphimorphian) is compared to dasyurid and diprotodontan marsupials. This is similar to its amino acid identity with ZP3 from eutherian species (50.7–52.8%). Comparison of a 21 amino acid epitope in marsupial ZP3 that has shown contraceptive effects, reveals 95–100% identity between the four macropodid species, 81–86% amino acid identity between brushtail possum and the macropods and 67–71% identity between the diprotodontans and the fat‐tailed dunnart (a dasyurid). This is comparable to the level of identity between related eutherian mammals. The expression pattern of three ZP genes during brushtail possum and tammar wallaby pouch young development was examined by RT‐PCR. This analysis of ZP gene expression has confirmed that ZP mRNA transcription begins in the ovary during pouch young development by about 51 days of age. The presence of ZP transcripts at this stage in pouch young development suggests that marsupial ZP gene transcription begins before the onset of follicular development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1581–1589, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Bland Jeremy D. P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFifty years after its widespread recognition, a significant minority of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome continue to experience poor outcomes from treatment. Much current treatment is supported by an inadequate or nonexistent evidence base. Surgical decompression, often considered the definitive solution, gives excellent results in only 75% of cases in ordinary practice and leaves 8% of patients worse than previously. The only other interventions that are clearly of benefit are neutral‐angle wrist splinting, with a success rate of 37%, and steroids, which are better given by local injection than as oral treatment. The initial response rate to injection is 70% but there are frequent relapses. Nevertheless, these conservative treatments have a negligible incidence of serious complications and should be used more widely until surgical failures can be reduced to similar levels. Muscle Nerve, 2007
A new result for closed‐loop poles region of LQ‐optimal discrete‐time systems
Authors: Khaloozadeh Hamid 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with a new result for pole location of linear quadratic (LQ) optimal discrete‐time systems. In this paper a new region in which the closed‐loop eigenvalues of an LQ‐optimal discrete time system are located is determined. It has been shown that this region is bounded by four lines parallel to the real and imaginary axes, creating a square region. This region is symmetric with respect to the real axis ofz‐plane, but not with respect to the imaginary axis. Inequality constraints, which bound the closed‐loop eigenvalues in a discrete‐time LQ‐optimal system, are also presentedviatwo theorems. These theorems cover all systems except the ones whereAis singular andHis positive semidefinite at the same time. The result is also extended to the problem of the prescribed degree of stability for LQ optimal discrete‐time systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement and prediction of thermal conductivity for hemp fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Behzad T. , Sain M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of hemp fiber reinforced polymer composites were studied from the steady state temperature drop across samples exposed to a known heat flux. The transverse and in‐plane thermal conductivities for oriented and randomly oriented composites for different volume fractions of fiber were investigated. Experimental results showed that the orientation of fibers has a significant effect on the thermal conductivity of composites. To validate the experimental results, the heating tests for the thermal conductivity measurements were simulated by a finite element model using the thermal conductivity values obtained from the experiments. Predicted temperatures show close agreement with measured temperatures. Moreover, the experimental results of thermal conductivities of composites at different directions were compared with two theoretical models and illustrated good agreement between the obtained results and models. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 47:977–983, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Intrinsic viscosities of sodium carboxymethylcellose in acetonitrile–water mixed solvent media using isoionic dilution method
Authors: Nandi Prabir , Bhattarai Ajaya , Das Bijan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPrecise measurements on the viscosities of the solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in water and in two acetonitrile–water mixtures containing 10 and 20 vol % of acetonitrile have been reported at 35, 40 and 50 °C. Isoionic dilutions were performed with the total ionic strengths of the solutions maintained with sodium chloride at ∼4.20 × 10−4 and 1.45 × 10−3 mol dm−3 of NaCl to obtain the intrinsic viscosities. The Huggins constants were also obtained from the experimental results. The influences of the medium, the temperature, and the total ionic strength on the intrinsic viscosities as well as on the Huggins constants have been interpreted from the points of view of the solvodynamic and thermodynamic interactions prevailing in the polyelectrolyte solution under investigation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1765–1770, 2007
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among children presenting to the emergency department with acute asthma: A multicenter study
Authors: Vargas Perla A. , Brenner Barry , Clark Sunday , Boudreaux Edwin D. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure has been associated with increased use of the emergency department (ED) for acute asthma care. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ETS exposure among children presenting to the ED for acute asthma care and whether ETS exposure affects acute asthma severity or response to therapy. We conducted a multi‐center study of children 2–11 years with physician‐diagnosed acute asthma presenting to 44 EDs in 18 states. Chi‐square test, Student's t‐test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and logistic regression were used for the analyses. The study population included 954 children. Thirty‐six percent (95% CI, 33–39%) of caregivers reported that their child was exposed to ETS. Among exposed children, 35% were exposed 1–6 days/week, and 65% were exposed daily. Compared to unexposed children, ETS‐exposed children were older at asthma diagnosis, older at ED presentation, and were less likely to be Hispanic. Indicators of chronic asthma severity were higher among unexposed children (i.e., total number of medications, use of controller medications, use of β2 agonists, number of urgent clinic visits, and lifetime hospitalizations). There was a weak association between ETS and acute asthma severity. Response to therapy (including ED disposition) did not differ between groups. On multivariate analysis, ETS‐exposed children were more likely to be older, female, non‐Hispanic, have lower household income, not use controller medications, and have a pet at home (all P < 0.05). Our study showed that the prevalence of ETS exposure among children presenting to the ED with acute asthma differs across demographic factors. There were no significant differences in acute asthma symptoms or response to ED therapy between ETS‐exposed and unexposed children. Lower use of controller medications and less frequent urgent clinic visits among ETS‐exposed children suggest inadequate asthma care or milder disease. The weak association between ETS exposure and acute asthma severity might reflect confounding by psychological factors and/or chronic asthma severity. The frequency of ETS exposure suggests that the ED may be an appropriate venue to engage caregivers of children with asthma in asthma education and smoking cessation efforts. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:646–655. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Dislocations of Burgers vector c /2 in graphite
Authors: Suarez‐Martinez I. , Savini G. , Haffenden G. , Campanera J.‐M. , Heggie M. I. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe report calculations in support of the application of LDA within DFT to graphite and go on to report the inner core structure and energetics of prismatic dislocations with Burgers vector c/2: two types of edge and one of screw type. We find the screw dislocations preserve sp2 hybridisation and graphite bonding, whereas one edge type (zigzag) gives rise to interlayer single bonds and sp3 hybridisation, while the other type (armchair) does not, preferring instead to rehybridise towards sp and form bonds with itself approaching triple character. For computational and physical reasons these calculations were based on AA graphite, rather than Bernal (AB) graphite. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure and recombination properties of extended defects in the dislocation slip plane in silicon
Authors: Eremenko V. , Yakimov E. , Abrosimov N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIt is shown, that moving 60° dislocations in Si as well as in SiGe generate high density of extended defects in their slip plane. As a result, the plastic deformation introduces in the crystal volume in addition to the dislocations a very dense system of extended defects, spatially separated from dislocations. The EBIC imaging revealed strong recombination contrast associated with these extended defects. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of bulk photovoltaic effect and photovoltaic barrier effect distributions in multicrysta lline silicon
Authors: Jung W. , Piotrowski T. , Sikorski S. , Lipinski M. , Panek P. , Zieba P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPhotoelectric voltage distribution on mc‐Si wafers subjected to phosphorus gettering processes was investigated. It was demonstrated, that the measured photoelectric voltage results from bulk photovoltaic effect and photoelectric voltage connected with potential barriers occurring on grains boundaries. It was shown that sample illumination results in reduction of bulk photoelectric effect enabling better visualization and investigation of potential barriers. Relations determining photoelectric voltage distribution on single barrier are given. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of defect levels in 6H‐SiC single crystals
Authors: Kamiński P. , Kozłowski R. , Kozubal M. , Miczuga M. , Palczewska M. , Pawłowski M. G. , Pawłowski M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDefect levels in the n‐type bulk 6H‐SiC have been investigated by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and photoinduced transient spectroscopy (PITS). From the DLTS spectra, four electron traps at Ec ‐ 0.53 eV (T1), Ec ‐ 0.64 eV (T2), Ec ‐ 0.67 eV (T3) and Ec ‐ 0.69 eV (T4) with concentrations of 6.4x1015, 1.1x1016, 3.0x1016 and 1.6x1016 cm–3, respectively, were revealed. The centers T1, tentatively identified with carbon vacancies, were found to be located in the vicinity of dislocations. The centers T2 and T3 were assigned to the known deep‐level defect Z1/Z2 occurring both in 4H and 6H SiC polytypes. The PITS measurements revealed two shallow traps with activation energies 20 and 60 meV, as well as a deep trap at 0.66 eV. The origin of the first trap still remains unclear. The latter two traps are tentatively identified with a nitrogen atom in hexagonal site and a complex involving a boron atom and silicon antisite, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Scanning probe studies of the electrical activity at interfaces formed by silicon wafer direct bonding
Authors: Ratzke M. , Vyvenko O. , Yu X. , Reif J. , Kittler M. , Reiche M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn order to investigate the electrical properties at the surface of dislocation rich silicon, we conducted Electrostatic Force Microscopy on cross‐sections of samples prepared by Wafer Direct Bonding. The applied methods, namely Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy and non‐contact Scanning Capacitance Microscopy, yield a distinct contrast at the position of the dislocation area, i.e. the bonding interface, indicating strong electrical activity. For an explanation of the explicit electrostatic potential extracted from the experiment a simple model taking into account only an intrinsic charge distribution at the dislocation area appears to be insufficient. Instead, a more complex approach has to be used considering carrier generation and recombination by additional, dynamic mechanisms. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical levels of nanoscale NiSi2 precipitates in silicon band gap
Authors: Trushin M. V. , Vyvenko O. F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractElectric levels of NiSi2 nanoprecipitates in n‐ and p‐type Si were studied by means of deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and minority carrier transient spectroscopy (MCTS) The shapes of MCTS spectra of as‐quenched as well as annealed p‐type samples were found to be similar whereas they differ qualitatively in n‐type samples. Experimental results are discussed using energetic diagram of electrical levels of NiSi2 nanoprecipitates in the Si band gap. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tautomerism of monochalcogenosilanoic acids CH3Si(O)XH (X = S, Se, Te) in the gas phase and in the polar and aprotic solution: An ab initio computational investigation
Authors: Li Qiang‐Gen , Deng Chao , Ren Yi , Wong Ning‐Bew , Chu San‐Yan , Wang Xin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractComputational investigations by an ab initio molecular orbital method (HF and MP2) with the 6‐311+G(d,p) and 6‐311++G(2df, 2pd) basis sets on the tautomerism of three monochalcogenosilanoic acids CH3Si(O)XH (X = S, Se, and Te) in the gas phase and a polar and aprotic solution tetrahydrofuran (THF) was undertaken. Calculated results show that the silanol forms CH3Si(X)OH are much more stable than the silanone forms CH3Si(O)XH in the gas‐phase, which is different from the monochalcogenocarboxylic acids, where the keto forms CH3C(O)XH are dominant. This situation may be attributed to the fact that the SiO and OH single bonds in the silanol forms are stronger than the SiX and XH single bonds in the silanone forms, respectively, even though the SiX (X = S, Se, and Te) double bonds are much weaker than the SiO double bond. These results indicate that the stability of the monochalcogenosilanoic acid tautomers is not determined by the double bond energies, contrary to the earlier explanation based on the incorrect assumption that the SiS double bond is stronger than the SO double bond for the tautomeric equilibrium of RSi(O)SH (RH, F, Cl, CH3, OH, NH2) to shift towards the thione forms [RSi(S)OH]. The binding with CH3OCH3 enhances the preference of the silanol form in the tautomeric equilibrium, and meanwhile significantly lowers the tautomeric barriers by more than 34 kJ/mol in THF solution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Iteration domainH∞‐optimal iterative learning controller design
Authors: Moore Kevin L. , Ahn Hyo‐Sung , Chen Yang Quan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper presents anH∞‐based design technique for the synthesis of higher‐order iterative learning controllers (ILCs) for plants subject to iteration‐domain input/output disturbances and plant model uncertainty. Formulating the higher‐order ILC problem into a high‐dimensional multivariable discrete‐time system framework, it is shown how the addition of input/output disturbances and plant model uncertainty to the ILC problem can be cast as anH∞‐norm minimization problem. The distinctive feature of this formulation is to consider the uncertainty as arising in the iteration domain rather than the time domain. An algebraic approach to solving the problem in this framework is presented, resulting in a sub‐optimal controller that can achieve both stability and robust performance. The key observation is thatH∞synthesis can be used for higher‐order ILC design to achieve a reliable performance in the presence of iteration‐varying external disturbances and model uncertainty. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.