bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental studies of a new power divider for integrated optics
Authors: Soghomonian M. S. , Benson T. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA dielectric lens structure, the effective refractive index of which varies with its radius, is studied experimentally at millimeter‐wave frequencies. The experimental results demonstrate that such a lens is suitable as a wideband compact power splitter for integrated optical circuits. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Heterodyne detection of multipulse signaling in optical communication channels
Authors: Fares Doaa A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPulse‐position modulation (PPM) schemes are usually used in optical communication systems to improve the receiver sensitivity. Recently, multi‐PPM (MPPM) signaling [1] has been presented as a very powerful alternative to the PPM format, for laser direct detection systems. With similar information efficiency, it achieved a significant performance improvement at higher transmission rates, and had less bandwidth expansion, and better peak‐to‐average power ratios, with respect to the PPM model. In this article we investigate extending the MPPM signaling to coherent optical communication systems. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Error of rotation output due to light injection to LD source in a self‐coupled interferometric fiber GYRO: Experiment
Authors: Shi Chao‐Xiang , Iizuka Hisao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn experiment regarding an inexpensive self‐coupled interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (self‐coupled I‐FOG) is conducted. The gyro output and rotation‐rate resolution of a self‐coupled I‐FOG are investigated and compared with those of a conventional I‐FOG having two couplers. The error effect of rotation output in a self‐coupled I‐FOG due to the interaction of the gyro output and the laser source is examined. Our results show that the resolution of rotation rate of an economical self‐coupled I‐FOG is one order of magnitude lower than that of a conventional I‐FOG. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Detecting the presence of 180° phase discrepancies in transmission‐coefficient measurements of lossless multiport rectangular‐waveguide components
Authors: Yeo S. P. , Cheng M. , Bannister D. J. , Ide J. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt has recently been observed that the improper choice of relative adaptor orientations may give rise to 180° phase discrepancies in the transmission‐coefficient measurements obtained by automatic network analyzers for multiport rectangular‐waveguide components. Two test procedures for detecting the presence of such discrepancies—based either on principal subdeterminants or on maximum singular value—are described in the present article. Test results indicate that the latter of the two procedures is to be preferred, because the former may in certain instances fail to function satisfactorily. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wideband large‐signal amplifier based on an odd number of mesfets
Authors: D'Agostino Stefano , Paoloni Claudio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe topology of a wideband large‐signal amplifier based on an odd number of MESFETs is presented. The introduction of a Wilkinson combiner at the input and at the output of a distributed amplifier topology allows interesting performance in comparison to conventional large‐signal configurations, typically based on an even number of MESFETs. An application of the proposed amplifier based on three MESFETs, usually inconvenient, is discussed and compared to a conventional four‐MESFET topology. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fast and simple analytical expressions for quasistatic parameters of asymmetric coplanar lines
Authors: Karpuz Ceyhun , Görür Adnan , Görür Hülya , Alkan Mustafa 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFast and simple CAD‐oriented analytical expressions for the characteristic impedance and the effective permittivity of asymmetric coplanar waveguides and coplanar strip lines are derived using the conformal mapping method. It has been found that the results calculated using analytical expressions obtained in the present article are in very good agreement with the analytical and experimental results given in the literature. The formulas derived in this study have also been verified to be valid for symmetric coplanar waveguide and strip lines. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
100‐GHz CW GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum‐well impatt oscillators
Authors: Meng C. C. , Siao S. W. , Fetterman H. R. , Streit D. C. , Block T. R. , Saito Y. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMultiquantum‐well structures can be applied to the high‐frequency IMPATT oscillators. The first CW operation of GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum‐well IMPATT oscillators at 100 GHz is reported here. Preliminary results yielded 6.4‐mW CW power at 100.3 GHz in a nonoptimized circuit. Significantly higher powers are anticipated with further optimization of the circuit parameters. The modern epitaxial technology opens up a new field for two‐terminal high‐frequency sources. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Struve functions for circular aperture patterns
Authors: Hansen R. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe pattern of a circular aperture with errors normally requires a double numerical integration. When the aperture function is rotationally symmetric or with sin θ variation, the double integration can be reduced to a single integration of a Struve function; these are readily calculable. Thus the pattern calculation is greatly simplified. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Scattering of electromagnetic waves from a chiral cylinder of arbitrary cross section — GMT approach
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Wen Xun 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article the generalized multipole technique (GMT) is formulated to obtain the scattering response of a chiral cylinder of arbitrary cross section. The convergence of GMT was verified, and the accuracy of GMT was recognized by comparing with the eigenfunction expansion method. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Full‐wave analysis of scattering from a spherical‐circular microstrip antenna
Authors: And Tsurng‐Jeng Chang , Chen Hong‐Twu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe electromagnetic scattering from a spherical‐circular microstrip antenna is analyzed using a full‐wave analysis incorporating Galerkin's moment method. The radar cross sections (RCSs) are calculated in this study and compared with the corresponding results for the planar circular microstrip antenna. Numerical results for various curvature radii and substrate thicknesses are presented and discussed. The effects of the substrate's uniaxial anisotropy on the scattering behavior are also investigated. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Full‐wave, edge‐accounting calculation of losses in rectangular‐groove waveguides
Authors: Svezhentsev Alexander Ye. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA loss‐calculation approach that takes into account the exact field behavior near the rectangular edge has been developed for rectangular‐groove waveguides. A new type of groove waveguide with a rectangle‐shaped groove and central symmetry is discussed. A new algorithm for optimizing the losses and overall dimensions of rectangle‐groove guides is described. Sample numerical results for the losses and overall dimensions are presented for a centrally symmetric rectangular‐groove guide and also for a traditional symmetric rectangular‐groove guide. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Finite‐difference solution of scattering (TE case) using exact mesh termination
Authors: Djordjevic A. R. , Sarkar T. K. , Roy T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new technique has been proposed regarding how to terminate the mesh for finite‐difference and finite‐element techniques in an exact fashion. Earlier works have dealt with the application of this technique to electrostatic and electromagnetic (TM case) only. This article extends the method to deal with the electromagnetic case but for the TE polarization. Numerical results are presented to compare the accuracy of this technique with the conventional methods‐of‐moments approach. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Radiated fields from a planar structure with a superconducting slab
Authors: And Lucio Vegni , Toscano Alessandro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article we consider the radiation properties of a planar superconducting structure fed by a planar electric point source. The development of the solution is obtained by using the bidimensional Fourier transform of the Maxwell's equations in the transverse plane of the structure with respect to the normal axis of the interface plane. Several interesting characteristics of the radiated fields have been obtained depending on the electromagnetic constitutive parameters and the superconducting impedance. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Superresolved time‐frequency parametrization of electromagnetic scattering mechanisms due to structural dispersion
Authors: Trintinalia Luiz C. , Ling Hao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe present a superresolution procedure that applies ESPRIT in both the time and frequency domains to obtain a parametrized representation of electromagnetic scattering mechanisms due to structural dispersion. This procedure is applied to the backscattered data from an open‐ended circular waveguide. The dispersive waveguide modes are identified with very good accuracy. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
FDTD modeling of microstrip‐line‐FED wide‐slot antenna
Authors: Shum S. M. , Tong K. F. , Zhang Xuexia , Luk K. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMicrostrip‐line‐fed wide‐slot antennas of different dimensions are analyzed using the finite‐difference‐time‐domain (FDTD) method. The numerical results are checked against experimental results and reasonable agreement is obtained. The antenna can be matched by adjusting the length of the matching stub. This happens when the trailing edge of the stub is within the width of the slot. In addition, it is found that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna can be improved by widening the slot. © 1995 John Wley & Sons, Inc.
A novel frequency‐selective surface, CHIRO‐FSS
Authors: Koca A. Oguzhan , Ege Tuncay 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new frequency‐selective surface (FSS), chiro‐FSS, consisting of an infinite, periodic array of conducting elements printed on an isotropic chiral slab is proposed and analyzed. For the purpose of illustrating the properties of the chiro‐FSS, the reflection characteristics of a two‐dimensional array of crossed dipoles and circular rings backed by a thin chiral slab are presented. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Grid dispersion error using the nonuniform orthogonal finite‐difference‐time‐domain method
Authors: And John Svigelj , Mittra Raj 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMemory requirements often limit the scope of problems that can be solved using the finite‐difference—time‐domain (FDTD) method. However, problems involving complicated geometries with fine features and large geometries can be more readily handled using nonuniform orthogonal FDTD. Grid dispersion error on nonuniform meshes is addressed in this communication. The critical parameters of cell size in terms of wavelength and growth rate are studied. A theoretical analysis followed by a numerical example demonstrate that grid dispersion error can be held to acceptably small levels. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Frequency/bias‐field mode charts for gyromagnetic waveguides
Authors: Sheikh S. I. , Gibson A. A. P. , Dillon B. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAxially magnetized ferrite phase‐shift sections can be biased above or below ferrimagnetic resonance. Mode charts displayed in terms of frequency/bias field, rather than tensor entries, cater for partial magnetization. From this construction it is shown that TM modes have separate onset frequencies above and below ferrimagnetic resonance leading to unique modal hierarchies in each region. For one waveguide structure the theoretical cutoff numbers are compared with experimental data and the phase‐shift calculations are separately corroborated by finite‐element solutions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparison of the performance of single‐channel optically amplified transmission systems
Authors: Matera F. , Settembre M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this work a numerical investigation is reported on the propagation regimes that allow single‐channel systems to obtain the maximum capacity in links with optical amplification. Links with anomalous and zero mean chromatic dispersion are considered, adopting both DS and stepindex fibers and operating at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. Solitons and NRZ signals are used. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of an optoelectronic mixer based on metal‐semiconductor‐metal photodetector
Authors: Prasad K. R. , Liu Q. Z. , Macdonald R. I. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article we present the analysis of an optoelectronic mixer (OEM) based on a metal‐semiconductor‐metal photodiode (MSM‐PD) in microwave fiber‐optic links. The nonlinearities inherent in the MSM‐PD OEM are examined by modeling its dc responsivity as a third‐order polynomial function of applied bias voltage. The OEM has been analyzed in terms of its conversion loss, carrier‐to‐noise ratio, and noise figure. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A DE‐embedding technique for reflection‐based S‐parameter measurements of HMICs and MMICs
Authors: Ghannouchi F. M. , Beauregard F. , Hajji R. , Brodeur A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA generalized calibration and de‐embedding technique for reflection‐based S‐parameter measurements of microwave devices is proposed. This technique allows two‐port calibration of a network analyzer directly from the embedded reflection coefficient measurements. This technique is a general one, in the sense that it can be implemented in network analyzers with or without transmission measurement capabilities. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An equalization technique for indoor IR wireless LANs
Authors: Chan H. H. , Elmirghani J. M. H. , Cryan R. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOriginal results are presented that evaluate the dispersion in the optical diffuse infrared channel and its effects on optical orthogonal codes (OOCs). A new equalization technique is introduced and analyzed in the context of this channel. The method is shown to be effective in reducing the resultant intersymbol interference (ISI). Illustrative examples are given on an isolated pulse and on a typical OOC. The results indicate that good performance can be achieved with minimum hardware overheads. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optical implementation of cellular automata using polarization‐encoded optical shadow casting
Authors: Zhang Shuqun , Chen Caisheng 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOptical implementation of cellular automata based on polarization‐encoded optical shadow casting is proposed. All 256 local rules of cellular automata can be performed all optically by simply specifiing the states of LEDs. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An optically controlled dielectric resonator
Authors: Alphones Arikiaswami , Joseph Louis Lazaar 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA simplified mode‐matching technique has been employed to analyze the resonant characteristics of an optically tunable dielectric resonator loaded with semiconductor wafer. The accuracy of the results of the present method is compared with previously published results for the fully occupied plasma region model obtained using the spectral‐domain method. Experimental observations have been made at X band. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Numerical evaluations of some regularization methods for two‐dimensional inverse scattering
Authors: Caorsi S. , Cardamone D. , Cavallaro D. , Gragnani G. L. , Pastorino M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSome procedures for the regularization of inverse‐scattering problems are evaluated and discussed by using a singular value decomposition of the Green operator. Results of numerical simulations of a cylindrical scatterer are reported to show the limitations and the capabilities of the described methods. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel coplanar waveguide series stub matching structure for a broadband amplifier
Authors: Chiou Hwann‐Kaeo , Chang Chi‐Yang , Lin Hao‐Hsiung 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe report a novel series stub matching structure for broadband amplifiers. In this design, the series open stub is utilized to provide both rf matching and dc blocking for the amplifier. Based on coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines, the amplifier is realized. Excellent bandpass response of a 7.5‐dB gain with ±0.7‐dB flatness and a 8‐dB return loss are obtained over a 70% bandwidth with a center frequency of 9 GHz. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
AN extension of the PML technique to the fdtd analysis of multilayer planar circuits and antennas
Authors: Verdu J. Bernabeu , Gillard R. , Moustadir K. , Citerne J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe perfectly matched layer (PML) technique is extended to structures including different dielectric layers and transmission lines. It is applied to the rigorous finite difference‐time‐domain (FDTD) analysis of a microstrip line and of a microstrip antenna. Comparisons with Mur absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) and with experiments are included. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the modal behavior of rectangular and deformed planar waveguides
Authors: Choudhury P. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA similarity has been observed between planar guides with small circular deformations and rectangular waveguides. The results obtained for deformed planar guides have been compared with those reported earlier by J. E. Goell for rectangular waveguides. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generalized stokes relations and the problem of reversibility in crystal acoustics
Authors: Barkovskii L. M. , Michenev I. V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article is devoted to an operator generalization for elastoanisotropic case well known in optics of isotropic media: the scalar Stokes relations. The generalized relations connect Fresnel reflection and transmission operators, which apply to problems of the direct and inverse incidence of a plane wave on a plane interface of two semi‐infinite linear homogeneous gyroanisotropic media. The tensor of surface impedance for the piezocrystals is introduced. Using the operator impedance method, feasibility conditions for stated relations are analyzed for oblique and normal wave incidence on the anisotropic layer. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sympathetic neural control of integrated cardiovascular function: Insights from measurement of human sympathetic nerve activity
Authors: Wallin B. Gunnar , Charkoudian Nisha 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSympathetic neural control of cardiovascular function is essential for normal regulation of blood pressure and tissue perfusion. In the present review we discuss sympathetic neural mechanisms in human cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, with a focus on evidence from direct recordings of sympathetic nerve activity using microneurography. Measurements of sympathetic nerve activity to skeletal muscle have provided extensive information regarding reflex control of blood pressure and blood flow in conditions ranging from rest to postural changes, exercise, and mental stress in populations ranging from healthy controls to patients with hypertension and heart failure. Measurements of skin sympathetic nerve activity have also provided important insights into neural control, but are often more difficult to interpret since the activity contains several types of nerve impulses with different functions. Although most studies have focused on group mean differences, we provide evidence that individual variability in sympathetic nerve activity is important to the ultimate understanding of these integrated physiological mechanisms. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Is balance different in women with and without stress urinary incontinence?
Authors: Smith Michelle D. , Coppieters Michel W. , Hodges Paul W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAimsThis study investigated whether there are differences in center of pressure (COP) displacement, trunk motion, and trunk muscle activity in women with and without stress urinary incontinence (SUI) during static balance tasks when the bladder is empty and moderately full.MethodsSubjects stood on a force plate during six static balance conditions: eyes open, eyes closed, standing on foam with eyes open, standing on foam with eyes closed, tandem stance, and standing on a short base. Electromyographic activity (EMG) of the pelvic floor (PF), abdominal, and erector spinae muscles were recorded using surface electrodes. Motion of the lumbar spine, pelvis, and hips was measured with four inclinometers. Trials were performed with the bladder empty, and when the subject reported a sensation of moderate bladder fullness after drinking 250–1,000 ml of water.ResultsWomen with SUI had greater COP displacement (range and root mean square), and increased trunk muscle EMG during static balance tests compared to continent women. When tasks were performed with the bladder moderately full, COP displacement and abdominal muscle EMG were increased in both groups.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that women with SUI have decreased balance ability compared to continent women. Increased activity of the PF and trunk muscles in women with SUI may impair balance as a result of a reduced contribution of trunk movement to postural correction or compromised proprioceptive acuity. As compromised balance has been linked to falls risk, further research into balance deficits and falls prevalence in this population is warranted. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Line‐search methods in general return mapping algorithms with application to porous plasticity
Authors: Seifert T. , Schmidt I. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present paper focuses on the application of line‐search methods in general return mapping algorithms. Two inexact line‐search methods and an exact line‐search method are investigated regarding their convergence properties within an automatic time incrementation in finite element calculations. As an example for the assessment of the algorithms, an elastic–plastic and an elastic–viscoplastic version of Gurson's porous plasticity model are used in simulations of the necking of a tensile bar. It is shown that larger time increments are possible and, therefore, a smaller number of increments are required when using line‐search methods. The exact line‐search method shows the best performance concerning the required number of increments, but takes more CPU time to complete the simulation. The application of the inexact line search methods in general lowers the number of increments along with a reduction in the CPU time, as compared with the case when no line‐search is used. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Winning more than the malcolm baldrige national quality award at AT & T transmission systems
Authors: Seemer Robert H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAT&T Transmission Systems entered the competition for the 1992 Malcolm Baldrige Award because it wanted to accelerate the integration of its total quality management system for its customers, employees, and shareholders. The successful two‐and‐one‐half‐year challenge put to rest arguments that achieving dramatic results through TQM is a five‐year process.
Doran textiles, inc.—A case study in turnaround and revival
Authors: Walton Wayne , Melton Steve 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCan a company bounce back from years of decline in a tight economy? Yes, say the managers of Doran Textiles, Inc. This article details how Doran boldly embarked on a quality improvement process to revive an ailing firm and make it once again a leader in its field.
Chevron's spirolite inverts the management pyramid by defining the customer‐supplier relationship
Authors: Finlay Joel S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe customer‐supplier relationship activity is a process that enables an organization's employees to identify their work outputs and the key customers who use those outputs and begin to identify and continuously improve the outputs that are most important to their customers. Through this process, the organization actually inverts itself in support of the customers of individuals, work units, departments, functions, and levels.