bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanostructuring of Watson–Crick type base‐paired (C60‐uracil):(2‐aminopurine) conjugates in Langmuir films
Authors: Obraztsov I. , Noworyta K. , Kutner W. , Gadde S. , D'Souza F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLangmuir films of an uracil adduct of C60 (C60ur), spread on aqueous subphases of different pH and ionic strength in the presence and absence of 2‐aminopurine (2‐AP), were studied by simultaneous recording of the isotherms of surface pressure and surface potential vs. area per molecule. The film morphology was imaged by Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). C60ur forms “liquid‐expanded” Langmuir films on all studied subphase solutions. The dependence of area per molecule on the initial surface concentration of C60ur indicates substantial aggregation of the adduct molecules in films. Area per molecule for the C60ur film, prepared in the presence of 2‐AP in the subphase solution, is higher than that in its absence indicating that 2‐AP self assemble with C60ur via the Watson–Crick type base‐pairing. Accordingly, the BAM imaged surface of the former film is smoother than that of the latter. Charging of the C60ur film by either protonation or deprotonation of the uracil moiety of the adduct by using either the acidic or basic subphase solution, respectively, leads to formation of less aggregated films. This behavior is manifested by higher values of area per molecule as compared to that determined for the neutral subphase solution. The UV–vis spectra of the C60ur Langmuir‐Blodgett films, transferred from the subphase solutions containing 2‐AP, did not show the absorption band characteristic of 2‐AP as if the (C60ur):(2‐AP) conjugate was ruptured during the transfer. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Periodicity in proton conduction along a H‐bonded chain. Application to biomolecules
Authors: Isaev Alexander , Kar Tapas , Scheiner Steve 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMolecular complexes are constructed to simulate proton transfer channels of the influenza A virus and of the active site of carbonic anhydrase. These complexes consist of proton donor and acceptor groups connected by a chain of water molecules. Quantum chemical calculations on the methylimidazole(H+)H2OCH3COO− model of the M2 virus channel indicate free translational motion of the water molecule between donor and acceptor, as well as concerted transfer of both H‐bond protons. The proton transfer barrier does not depend on the position of the bridged water molecule and varies linearly with the difference of electrostatic potentials between the donor and acceptor. When the water chain is elongated, and with various donor and acceptor models, periodicity appears in the H‐bond lengths and the progression of proton transfer in each link. This “wave” is shown to propagate along the chain, as it is driven by the displacement of a single proton. One can thereby estimate the velocity of the proton wave and proton conduction time. Computations are performed to examine the influence of immersing the system within a polarizable medium. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
An MHP framework to provide intelligent personalized recommendations about digital TV contents
Authors: Blanco‐Fernández Yolanda , Pazos‐Arias José J. , Gil‐Solla Alberto , Ramos‐Cabrer Manuel , López‐Nores Martín , García‐Duque Jorge , Fernández‐Vilas Ana , Díaz‐Redondo Rebeca P. , Bermejo‐Muñoz Jesús 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDigital Television will bring a significant increase in the amount of channels and programs available to end users, with many more difficulties to find contents appealing to them among a myriad of irrelevant information. Thus, automatic content recommenders should receive special attention in the following years to improve their assistance to users. The current content recommenders have important deficiencies that hamper their wide acceptance. In this paper, we present a new approach for automatic content recommendation that significantly reduces those deficiencies. This approach, based on Semantic Web technologies, has been implemented in the AdVAnced Telematic search of Audiovisual contents by semantic Reasoning tool, a hybrid content recommender that makes extensive use of well‐known standards, such as Multimedia Home Platform, TV‐Anytime and OWL. Also, we have carried out an experimental evaluation, the results of which show that our proposal performs better than other existing approaches. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring dynamics of emergence
Authors: Huaxia Zhang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe British emergentists have their pros and cons in the discussion of emergence. They succeeded in expressing the basic characteristics of emergence, but failed to explain how and why a property became emergence. So, the main subject of studying emergence is to explore the dynamics at present. This article redescribes the concept of emergence and proposes the concept of dynamics of emergence to explain how emergence comes into being. The dynamics of emergence can be divided into two parts: micro‐dynamics and macro‐dynamics. The former deals with the emergence coming from the interaction of pre‐existing components of a system through their local interaction, bifurcation and iterative effect going to global pattern, while the latter discusses what the macro conditions and environments of emergence are, how systems adapt to the environment and how the environment selects systems at the edge of chaos. This article also points out that the dynamics of emergence has important implication in the research of organizations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erweiterung des Stadions Innsbruck “Tivoli Neu” für die Fußballeuropameisterschaft 2008
Authors: Wimmer Albert , Pfister Cornel , Praher Thomas , Bartlechner Josef 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn Innsbruck werden im Zuge der Fußballeuropameisterschaft EURO 2008 drei Vorrundenspiele absolviert. Der europäische Fußballbund UEFA fordert zur Austragung ein Stadion mit mindestens 30000 Sitzplätzen. Das 2000 fertiggestellte Stadion “Tivoli Neu” in Innsbruck wird als Austragungsort der EM 2008 um ca. 15000 Plätze temporär erweitert.
Vereinfachte Methoden zur Berechnung der dynamischen Antwort von Eisenbahnbrücken bei Zugüberfahrt
Authors: Fink Josef , Mähr Tobias 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden zwei verschiedene Methoden zur Berechnung der dynamischen Antwort von einfeldrigen Balkenbrücken mit innerer Dämpfung unter einer Folge von Einzelkräften vorgestellt. Bei der ersten Methode, der “Impulsmethode”, wird der aus der Belastung entstehende effektive Impuls mit einfachen analytischen Funktionen angenähert. Die Brücke wird entsprechend der Modalanalyse auf modale Einfreiheitsgradsysteme reduziert. Für dieses vereinfachte System aus Belastung und Brücke können geschlossene Formeln zur Beschreibung der Schwingungsantwort angegeben werden, was am Beispiel des Lastmodells HSLM‐A1 nach Eurocode 1 (EC1) gezeigt wird. Bei der zweiten Methode wird das in der Baudynamik vielfach bewährte Antwortspektrenverfahren auf die vorliegende Problemstellung angewendet. Es wird die Berechnung von Antwortspektren für Balkenbrücken unter den Lastmodellen HSLM‐A erläutert. Ein Beispiel zeigt, wie diese Methode angewendet wird.
Praktische Anwendungen der effektiven Kerbspannungen und der Bruchmechanik im Stahlbau
Authors: Lener Gerhard , Weichert Jörn 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFür den rechnerischen Nachweis der Ermüdung im Stahlbau kommt hauptsächlich das Nennspannungskonzept zur Anwendung. Trotz der Möglichkeit einer häufig wirtschaftlicheren Dimensionierung, kommt das alternativ zulässige Strukturspannungskonzept auf Grund fehlender praktischer Erfahrungen noch sehr selten zur Anwendung. Ermüdungsnachweise nach dem Konzept der effektiven Kerbspannungen und/oder dem Rissfortschrittkonzept werden in der Bauingenieurpraxis noch mit Skepsis betrachtet, und sind daher nur in Einzelfällen anzutreffen.Mit diesem Beitrag werden Anwendungen vorgestellt, die eine sinnvolle Ergänzung der Ermüdungsnachweise mittels Kerbspannungskonzept und Rissfortschrittskonzept in Bereichen des klassischen Stahlbaues aufzeigen.
Zum Gültigkeitsbereich der Bemessungsformeln für Druckschachtpanzerungen unter Außendruck
Authors: Taras Andreas , Greiner Richard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFür den Nachweis der Beulsicherheit von Druckschachtpanzerungen unter Außendruck – infolge Gebirgswasserdruck oder Injektionsdruck – stehen eine Reihe von Bemessungsformeln zur Verfügung, die teils auf theoretischem Wege, teils durch Versuchsauswertung entwickelt worden sind. In dieser Arbeit wird die Anwendbarkeit der häufig verwendeten, semi‐empirischen Formel von Montel [1] für einbetonierte Rohre unter Außendruck über den versuchstechnisch vorgegebenen Gültigkeitsbereich hinaus überprüft. Zur Überprüfung wird ein aus der Literatur (Amstutz [2], [3] und Jacobsen [4]) bekannter analytischer Berechnungsansatz formelmäßig als elastisches Durchschlagproblem entwickelt und zahlenmäßig ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse dieses Bemessungskonzeptes werden mit den vorhandenen Versuchsergebnissen und der Formel von Montel verglichen. Vergleichsrechnungen unter Anwendung der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode wurden ebenfalls ergänzend durchgeführt. Ursprüngliches Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die Erweiterbarkeit des Gültigkeitsbereiches der semi‐empirischen Formel nach Montel in Richtung höherer Stahlfestigkeiten zu überprüfen. Tatsächlich erwies sich der analytische Ansatz als besser geeignet vorhandene Versuchsergebnisse an Rohren großer Schlankheit und aus höherfestem Stahl zu beschreiben.
Beanspruchung von Schubringen für Druckrohrleitungen
Authors: Ofner Robert , Greiner Richard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDie Bemessung von Schubringen für die axiale Verankerung von Druckrohrleitungen ist in Normen nicht geregelt und wird derzeit mit unterschiedlichen Annahmen für die Kontaktpressung zwischen dem Schubring und dem Beton durchgeführt. Daraus resultieren unterschiedliche Bemessungsergebnisse. In der vorliegenden Veröffentlichung wird der Verlauf der Kontaktpressung anhand von FEM‐Berechnungen untersucht. Auf Basis dieser FEM‐Berechnungen wird ein Vorschlag für die Auslegung von Schubringen präsentiert.
Haftung von PUR‐Deckbeschichtungen auf bewitterten EP‐Beschichtungen – Haftungsfragen für Unternehmer und Hersteller
Authors: Motzke Gerd , Konermann Reinhard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDurch ein umfangreiches Forschungsvorhaben im Bereich des Korrosionsschutzes wurde nachgewiesen, dass bewitterte EP‐Beschichtungen nach kurzer Zeit hydrophile Abbauprodukte bilden, die sich negativ auf die Haftung zur PUR‐Deckbeschichtung auswirken. Es werden die rechtlichen Auswirkungen erläutert – sowohl für die Objekte, die in der Vergangenheit erstellt wurden, als auch für die in der Zukunft anstehenden Objekte.
Wasserstofffreie amorphe Kohlenstoffschichten ‐ abgeschieden durch plasmaaktivierte Hochratebedampfung
Authors: Heinß Jens‐Peter 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMit der Technologie der plasmaaktivierten Elektronenstrahlverdampfung wurden wasserstofffreie amorphe Kohlenstoffschichten mit Raten von bis zu 100 μm/h abgeschieden. Die Ergebnisse der mechanischen und tribologischen Untersuchungen zeigen das Potential dieser aufgedampften Schichten für den Einsatz im Verschleißschutz. Schichthärten von bis zu 16 GPa wurden nachgewiesen. Der gegenwärtige Stand der Schichtcharakterisierung wird beschrieben und der Ausblick auf Möglichkeiten der weiteren Optimierung gegeben.
Detergency measurement using artificially‐soiled cloths
Authors: Diehl F. L. , Crowe J. B. 
Published: October 2007

Summary and ConclusionsFour types of artificially‐soiled cloths are compared in their ability to evaluate cleaning of representative detergent products. Three of these cloths are commercially available while the fourth is from a private laboratory. These are compared in their ability to rate detergents in the same order as naturally‐soiled clothes rate detergents. Sensitivity and reproducibility of the various soiled cloths in measurement of soil removal and whiteness retention are studied.Results show that artificially‐soiled cloths must be used advisedly. There is no substitute for actual performance tests of detergent products under practical conditions. At best, artificially‐soiled cloths are useful for “screening” purposes where positive test results are confirmed by practical tests.
Metabolic syndrome in outpatients receiving antipsychotic therapy in routine clinical practice: A cross-sectional assessment of a primary health care database
Authors: Sicras-Mainar Antoni , Blanca-Tamayo Milagrosa , Rejas-Gutiérrez Javier , Navarro-Artieda Ruth 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in outpatients treated with antipsychotics included in a primary-health-care database.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out assessing an administrative outpatients claim-database from 5 primary-health-centers. Subjects on antipsychotics for more than 3 months were included. The control group was formed by the outpatients included in the database without exposition to any antipsychotic drugs. MS was defined according to the modified NCEP-ATP III criteria, and required confirmation of at least 3 of the 5 following components: body mass index >28.8 kg/m2, triglycerides >150 mg/ml, HDL-cholesterol <40 mg/ml (men)/<50 mg/ml (women), blood pressure >130/85 mmHg, and fasting serum glucose >110 mg/dl.ResultsWe identified 742 patients [51.5% women, aged 55.1 (20.7) years] treated with first- or second-generation antipsychotics during 27.6 (20.3) months. Controls were 85.286 outpatients [50.5% women, aged 45.5 (17.7) years]. MS prevalence was significantly higher in subjects on antipsychotics: 27.0% (95% CI, 23.8–30.1%) vs. 14.4% (14.1–14.6%); age- and sex-adjusted OR = 1.38 (1.16–1.65, P < 0.001). All MS components, except high blood pressure, were significantly more prevalent in the antipsychotic group, particularly body mass index >28.8 kg/m2: 33.0% (29.6–36.4%) vs. 17.8% (17.6–18.1%), adjusted OR = 1.63 (1.39–1.92, P < 0.001), and low HDL-cholesterol levels: 48.4% (44.8–52.0%) vs. 29.3% (29.0–29.6%); adjusted OR = 1.65 (1.42–1.93, P < 0.001). Compared with the reference population, subjects with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (BD), but not dementia, showed a higher prevalence of MS.ConclusionsCompared with the general outpatient population, the prevalence of MS was significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia or BD treated with antipsychotics.
The association of early blood oxygenation with child development in preterm infants with acute respiratory disorders
Authors: Smith Karen E. , Keeney Susan , Zhang Lifang , Perez‐Polo J. Regino , Rassin David K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe potential negative impact of early blood oxygenation on development of specific cognitive and motor outcomes in children born at very low birth weight (VLBW; 1000–1500 g) has not been examined even though these infants are exposed to varying durations and amounts of oxygen as part of their neonatal care. While this is the largest group of preterm infants, they receive much less research attention than extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW < 1000 g).Although neonatologists are questioning the routine use of oxygen therapy for all neonates, research has focused primarily on the more medically fragile ELBW infants. To date there are no systematic studies available to guide decision making for oxygen supplementation for a large segment of the preterm infant population. The aim of the present study was to determine if there is an association between blood oxygenation in the first 4 h of life and specific cognitive and motor skills in preterm infants with acute respiratory disorders but no severe intracranial insult using a selected cohort from a longitudinal study children recruited in 1991 and 1992 designed to examine the role of biological immaturity as defined by gestational age and parenting in development. From this cohort, 55 children had acute respiratory disorders without severe intracranial insult. Of these, 35 children had at least one partial pressure of oxygen obtained from arterial blood (PaO2) during the first 4 h of life as part of their clinical care. Higher early PaO2 values were associated with lower impulse control and attention skills in the elementary school age period. Models that were examined for relations between PaO2 values that also included birth weight and parenting quality across the first year of life revealed that higher PaO2 remained associated with impulse control but not attention skills. Birth weight was not associated with any outcomes. These results suggest that hyperoxia may be a risk factor for developmental problems that are not expressed until school age.
Vitamin D status of apparently healthy schoolgirls from two different socioeconomic strata in Delhi: relation to nutrition and lifestyle
Authors: Puri Seema , Marwaha Raman K. , Agarwal Neha , Tandon Nikhil , Agarwal Rashmi , Grewal Khushi , Reddy D. H. K. , Singh Satveer 
Published: October 2007

Forty to fifty per cent of skeletal mass, accumulated during childhood and adolescence, is influenced by sunlight exposure, physical activity, lifestyle, endocrine status, nutrition and gender. In view of scarce data on association of nutrition and lifestyle with hypovitaminosis D in Indian children and adolescents, an in-depth study on 3127 apparently healthy Delhi schoolgirls (6–18 years) from the lower (LSES, n 1477) and upper socioeconomic strata (USES, n 1650) was carried out. These girls were subjected to anthropometry and clinical examination for hypovitaminosis D. Girls randomly selected from the two strata (LSES, n 193; USES, n 211) underwent detailed lifestyle, dietary, biochemical and hormonal assessment. Clinical vitamin D deficiency was noted in 11·5 % girls (12·4 % LSES, 10·7 % USES). USES girls had significantly higher BMI than LSES counterparts. Prevalence of biochemical hypovitaminosis D (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/l) was seen in 90·8 % of girls (89·6 % LSES, 91·9 % USES, NS). Mean intake of energy, protein, fat, Ca, vitamin D and milk/milk products was significantly higher in USES than LSES girls. Conversely, carbohydrate, fibre, phytate and cereal intakes were higher in LSES than USES girls. Physical activity and time spent outdoors was significantly higher in LSES girls (92·8 v. 64 %, P = 0·000). Significant correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and estimated sun exposure (r 0·185, P = 0·001) and percentage body surface area exposed (r 0·146, P = 0·004) suggests that these lifestyle-related factors may contribute significantly to the vitamin D status of the apparently healthy schoolgirls. Hence, in the absence of vitamin D fortification of foods, diet alone appears to have an insignificant role.
Measuring ideas of persecution and social reference: the Greenet al. Paranoid Thought Scales (GPTS)
Authors: Green C. E. L. , Freeman D. , Kuipers E. , Bebbington P. , Fowler D. , Dunn G. , Garety P. A. 
Published: October 2007

BackgroundParanoia is increasingly being studied in clinical and non-clinical populations. However there is no multi-dimensional measure of persecutory ideas developed for use across the general population-psychopathology continuum. This paper reports the development of such a questionnaire: the ‘Greenet al. Paranoid Thought Scales’. The aim was to devise a tool to assess ideas of persecution and social reference in a simple self-report format, guided by a current definition of persecutory ideation, and incorporating assessment of conviction, preoccupation and distress.MethodA total of 353 individuals without a history of mental illness, and 50 individuals with current persecutory delusions completed a pool of paranoid items and additional measures to assess validity. Items were devised from a recent definition of persecutory delusions, current assessments of paranoia, the authors' clinical experience, and incorporated dimensions of conviction, preoccupation and distress. Test–retest reliability in the non-clinical group was assessed at 2 weeks follow-up, and clinical change in the deluded group at 6 months follow-up.ResultsTwo 16-item scales were extracted, assessing ideas of social reference and persecution. Good internal consistency and validity was established for both scales and their dimensions. The scales were sensitive to clinical change. A hierarchical relationship between social reference and persecution was found. The data provide further evidence for a continuum of paranoid ideas between deluded and healthy individuals.ConclusionsA reliable and valid tool for assessing paranoid thoughts is presented. It will provide an effective way for researchers to ensure consistency in research and for clinicians to assess change with treatment.
Prevention of salt induced hypertension and fibrosis by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in Dahl S rats
Authors: Liang B , Leenen F H H 
Published: October 2007

Background and purpose:In Dahl S rats, high salt increases activity of the tissue renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) in the CNS, heart and kidneys. Here, we assessed the effects of chronic angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition on salt‐induced hypertension and cardiovascular and renal hypertrophy and fibrosis, relative to the extent of ACE blockade.Experimental approach:From 4.5 weeks of age, Dahl S rats received either the lipophilic ACE inhibitor trandolapril (1 or 5 mg kg‐1 day‐1) or the hydrophilic ACE inhibitor lisinopril (10 or 50 mg kg‐1 day‐1) and a high salt diet was started 0.5 week later. Treatments ended at 9 weeks of age.Key results:High salt diet markedly increased blood pressure (BP), decreased plasma angiotensin II and increased ACE binding densities in brain, heart, aorta and kidneys. Trandolapril and lisinopril prevented 50% of the increase in BP in light and dark period of the day. After the last doses, trandolapril decreased ACE densities by ∼80% in brain nuclei and heart and lisinopril by ∼60% in the brain and by ∼70% in the heart. The two ACE inhibitors prevented right ventricular hypertrophy and attenuated left ventricular hypertrophy but did not affect renal hypertrophy caused by high salt. Both drugs prevented high salt‐induced fibrosis in heart, kidney and aorta.Conclusion and implication:As the ACE inhibitors could completely prevent tissue fibrosis and partially prevent tissue hypertrophy and hypertension, the tissue RAAS may play a critical role in salt‐induced fibrosis, but a lesser role in the hypertrophy.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 152, 903–914; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707472; published online 1 October 2007