bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic causes of liver disease among adults living with HIV from low‐ and middle‐income countries: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Plaisy Marie Kerbie , Minga Albert K. , Wandeler Gilles , Murenzi Gad , Samala Niharika , Ross Jeremy , Lopez Alvaro , Mensah Ephrem , de Waal Renée , Kuniholm Mark H. , Diero Lameck , Salvi Sonali , Moreira Rodrigo , Attia Alain , Mandiriri Ardele , Shumbusho Fabienne , Goodrich Suzanne , Rupasinghe Dhanushi , Alarcon Paola , Maruri Fernanda , Perrazo Hugo , Jaquet Antoine ,   the Sentinel Research Network of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionLiver disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among persons living with HIV (PLHIV). While chronic viral hepatitis has been extensively studied in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), there is limited information about the burden of metabolic disorders on liver disease in PLHIV.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data collected between October 2020 and July 2022 from the IeDEA‐Sentinel Research Network, a prospective cohort enrolling PLHIV ≥40 years on antiretroviral treatment (ART) for ≥6 months from eight clinics in Asia, Americas, and central, East, southern and West Africa. Clinical assessments, laboratory testing on fasting blood samples and liver stiffness measurement (LSM)/controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) by vibration‐controlled transient elastography were performed. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed factors associated with liver fibrosis (LSM ≥7.1 kPa) and steatosis (CAP ≥248 dB/m). Population attributable fraction (PAF) of each variable associated with significant liver fibrosis was estimated using Levin's formula.ResultsOverall, 2120 PLHIV (56% female, median age 50 [interquartile range: 45−56] years) were included. The prevalence of obesity was 19%, 12% had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 29% had hypertension and 53% had dyslipidaemia. The overall prevalence of liver fibrosis and steatosis was 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.1−8.4) and 28.4% (95% CI 26.5−30.7), respectively, with regional variability. Male sex at birth (odds ratio [OR] 1.62, CI 1.10−2.40), overweight/obesity (OR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.69−3.75), T2DM (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.46−3.47) and prolonged exposure to didanosine (OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.46−6.49) were associated with liver fibrosis. Overweight/obesity and T2DM accounted for 42% and 11% of the PAF for liver fibrosis, while HBsAg and anti‐HCV accounted for 3% and 1%, respectively. Factors associated with steatosis included overweight/obesity (OR 4.25, 95% CI 3.29−5.51), T2DM (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.47−2.88), prolonged exposure to stavudine (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.27−2.26) and dyslipidaemia (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.31−2.16).ConclusionsMetabolic disorders were significant risk factors for liver disease among PLHIV in LMICs. Early recognition of metabolic disorders risk factors might be helpful to guide clinical and lifestyle interventions. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the causative natures of these findings.
The brothers are watching: The peer monitoring mechanism of rivalry in reducing cheating behavior at work
Authors: Mo Ruo , Andiappan Meena 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe consensus of the literature has suggested that competition prompts individuals to act unethically. However, prior research that explored the ethical implication of competition has largely ignored the role of contexts within its examination—studying competition generally independent of other social relationships/actors. Drawing on the relational perspective of competition (i.e., rivalry), we propose that broader social relationships in which rivalry relationships are embedded will give rise to alternative psychological processes that can account for a curbing effect of rivalry on workplace cheating behavior. Results from one pre‐registered experiment and three surveys on working professionals suggest that exposure to rivalry leads to a heightened perception of peer monitoring, which in turn is associated with lower cheating behavior at work. We further find that the effect of rivalry on the perception of peer monitoring is stronger (weaker) when employees' leader–member exchange (LMX) relationship with their supervisor is lower (higher), highlighting the significance of other social actors in the rivalry process. This research complements the literature with a balanced perspective regarding the ethical implication of competition and contributes to the theory building of rivalry by providing an interpersonal lens to the psychology of rivalry.
Effect of low pressure on the properties of short‐chain fluorocarbon surfactants and their application in aqueous film‐forming foam extinguishing agent
Authors: Zhu Xinhua , Huang He , Jia Xuhong , Zhang Yuqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSurface properties of three fluorocarbon surfactants with different carbon chain lengths were studied at low pressures of 94.6, 74.1 and 61.0 kPa, respectively. The results showed that the saturation adsorption capacity and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreased, while the average molecular area (AS) and the surface tension at CMC (γCMC) of fluorocarbon surfactants increased with decreasing pressure. The surface tension (γ) decreased with the decrease of pressure when the concentration of fluorocarbon surfactants was low. However, γ tended to be stable and increased with the drop of pressure when the concentration of surfactants was close or reach to CMC. In addition, the foaming and spreading performance of fluorocarbon surfactants decrease with the decrease of pressure, and the combination of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants is beneficial to the improvement of performance (mixed systems: foam expansion E>6, 25% drainage time t25%>241 s, 1/2 defoaming time t1/2>851 s, spreading amount Vs>223 μL, spreading time ts<2 s). Further fire extinguishing experiment found that the influence of low pressure environment on fuel combustion characteristics is the key factor to determine fire extinguishing performance, while the influence of aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF) performance is small. And AFFF based on the environmental‐friendly surfactant C4F9SO2NH(CH2)2N+(CH3)2CH2BrCH2OH (FC‐4) is an effective fire extinguishing agent under low pressure.
Hybrid operating room applications for precision hepatobiliary surgery: A narrative review
Authors: Pilz da Cunha Gabriela , van Delden Otto M. , Kazemier Geert , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Bonjer H. Jaap , Meijerink Martijn R. , Swijnenburg Rutger‐Jan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis review summarizes the key applications of a hybrid operating room (HOR) in hepatobiliary surgery and explores the advantages, limitations, and future directions of its utilization. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed to identify articles reporting on the utilization of HORs in liver surgery. So far, the HOR has been limitedly applied in hepatobiliary surgery. It can offer an optimal environment for combining radiological and surgical interventions and for performing image‐guided surgical navigation.
An Alternative Explanation of the Microscopic Dynamics of Cyclic Polymers
Authors: Ngai Kia L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccording to recent reviews and experiments, some key dynamic properties of cyclic polymers from neutron spin echo spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and rheological measurements are at variance with the predictions from theories based on motions restricted by fixed obstacles. These dynamic properties including non‐Gaussianity, heterogeneity, and subdiffusive center of mass mean square displacements turn out to be hallmarks of cooperative dynamics found in entangled linear polymers, and in other many‐units interacting systems that are not polymers. The current situation suggests new theory emphasizing that cooperative many‐chain dynamics is needed to explain the properties. The Coupling Model is such a theory. Its predictions are applied to the dynamic properties of cyclic polymers here to show consistency with experiments and simulations.
Supported nondominated points as a representation of the nondominated set: An empirical analysis
Authors: Sayın Serpil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe nondominated set of a multiple objective discrete optimization problem is known to contain unsupported nondominated points, which outnumber the supported ones and are more difficult to obtain. We treat supported nondominated points as a representation and analyse their quality using different metrics beyond their sheer numbers. Under different data generation schemes on multiobjective knapsack and assignment problems, we observe that supported nondominated points almost always provide a good representation of the entire nondominated set.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of on‐chip silicon‐on‐insulator waveguide methane sensor
Authors: Xu Zhenheng , Tian Bing , Fan Xiaopeng , Wei Jie , Tan Zejie , Lv Qiancheng , Zheng Chuantao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCompared to discrete gas sensors, on‐chip waveguide gas sensors show a wide range of application scenarios due to their small size, light weight, and low power consumption. An on‐chip silicon‐on‐insulator waveguide methane (CH4) sensor was proposed. The optimal waveguide length was determined to be 2.2 cm through theoretical analysis. By targeting an absorption line located at 3291 nm, on‐chip methane measurements were conducted using the established waveguide sensor system. The 1σ limit of detection of the waveguide sensor was measured to be 662 parts‐per‐million and the dynamic response time was 1.6 s. This work verifies the feasibility of the waveguide gas sensor and provides technical support for future research work on fully integrated waveguide sensors.
Conception and implementation of an MRI‐compatible device to elicit the bulbocavernosus reflex for an open spinal cord study
Authors: Hoffman Kristopher A. , Mazeaud Charles , Salazar Betsy H. , Thompson Laura N. , Stampas Argyrios , Karmonik Christof , Khavari Rose 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveFunctional MRI (fMRI) can be employed to assess neuronal activity in the central nervous system. However, investigating the spinal cord using fMRI poses several technical difficulties. Enhancing the fMRI signal intensity in the spinal cord can improve the visualization and analysis of different neural pathways, particularly those involved in bladder function. The bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) is an excellent method for evaluating the integrity of the sacral spinal cord. Instead of stimulating the glans penis or clitoris, the BCR can be simulated comfortably by tapping the suprapubic region. In this study, we explain the necessity and development of a device to elicit the simulated BCR (sBCR) via suprapubic tapping while conducting an fMRI scan.MethodsThe device was successfully tested on a group of 20 healthy individuals. Two stimulation task block protocols were administered (empty vs. full bladder). Each block consisted of 40 s of suprapubic tapping followed by 40 s of rest, and the entire sequence was repeated four times.ResultsOur device can reliably and consistently elicit sBCR noninvasively as demonstrated by electromyographic recording of pelvic muscles and anal winking. Participants did note mild to moderate discomfort and urge to void during the full bladder task.ConclusionOur device demonstrates an efficacious approach to elicit sBCR within an MRI bore to assess sacral spinal cord functional activity without generating any significant motion artifacts.SignificanceThis device can explore the mechanisms and processes controlling urinary, digestive, or sexual function within this region in humans.
Enantioselective separation of (±)‐epinephrine by chiral acidic molecularly imprinted polymer
Authors: Alotaibi Fatimah A 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, we look into how poly[(4‐styrenesulfonic acid)‐co‐(4‐vinylpyridine)] crosslinked with divinylbenzene can be used as a copolymeric material to effectively recognize l‐epinephrine (L‐EP) and chirally separate (±)‐EP. It was first possible to synthesize and analyze L‐EP‐styrene‐4‐sulfonamide (L‐EP‐SSA). The resulting chiral sulfonamide was used to copolymerize with a 4‐vinylpyridine–divinylbenzene mixture. The integrated L‐EP species were removed by heating the polymer materials under strong alkaline conditions to degrade the sulfonamide links, followed by acidification in HCl solution. The imprinted L‐EP‐IP materials were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The produced L‐EP‐IP displayed selectivity characteristics indicative of an affinity for L‐EP almost eleven times higher than that for d‐epinephrine (D‐EP). At a pH of 7, Langmuir adsorption experiments demonstrated a maximal capacity of 165 mg g−1. Following optical separation by means of a column method, enantiomeric excess levels of L‐ and D‐EP in the initial feeding and subsequent recovering solutions were calculated to be 93% and 80%, respectively. © 2024 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
A K homology (KH) domain protein identified by a forward genetic screen affects bundle sheath anatomy in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Bano Zahida , Westhoff Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBecause of their photosynthetic capacity, leaves function as solar panels providing the basis for the growth of the entire plant. Although the molecular mechanisms of leaf development have been well studied in model dicot and monocot species, a lot of information is still needed about the interplay of the genes that regulate cell division and differentiation and thereby affect the photosynthetic performance of the leaf. We were specifically interested in understanding the differentiation of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells in Arabidopsis thaliana and aimed to identify genes that are involved in determining bundle sheath anatomy. To this end, we established a forward genetic screen by using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for mutagenizing a reporter line expressing a chloroplast‐targeted green fluorescent protein (sGFP) under the control of a bundle sheath‐specific promoter. Based on the GFP fluorescence phenotype, numerous mutants were produced, and by pursuing a mapping‐by‐sequencing approach, the genomic segments containing mutated candidate genes were identified. One of the lines with an enhanced GFP fluorescence phenotype (named ELEVATED BUNDLE SHEATH CELLS SIGNAL 1 [ebss1]) was selected for further study, and the responsible gene was verified by CRISPR/Cas9‐based mutagenesis of candidate genes located in the mapped genomic segment. The verified gene, At2g25970, encodes a K homology (KH) domain‐containing protein.
Covariate modeling in pharmacometrics: General points for consideration
Authors: Sanghavi Kinjal , Ribbing Jakob , Rogers James A. , Ahmed Mariam A. , Karlsson Mats O. , Holford Nick , Chasseloup Estelle , Ahamadi Malidi , Kowalski Kenneth G. , Cole Susan , Kerwash Essam , Wade Janet R. , Liu Chao , Wang Yaning , Trame Mirjam N. , Zhu Hao , Wilkins Justin J. ,   for the ISoP Standards & Best Practices Committee
Published: April 2024

AbstractModeling the relationships between covariates and pharmacometric model parameters is a central feature of pharmacometric analyses. The information obtained from covariate modeling may be used for dose selection, dose individualization, or the planning of clinical studies in different population subgroups. The pharmacometric literature has amassed a diverse, complex, and evolving collection of methodologies and interpretive guidance related to covariate modeling. With the number and complexity of technologies increasing, a need for an overview of the state of the art has emerged. In this article the International Society of Pharmacometrics (ISoP) Standards and Best Practices Committee presents perspectives on best practices for planning, executing, reporting, and interpreting covariate analyses to guide pharmacometrics decision making in academic, industry, and regulatory settings.
Investigation of unexpected silane ions caused by gas‐phase reactions in Orbitrap gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Hu Jingxin , Chen Chunying , Zhou Haiyun , Zhang Li , Yan Sujun , Liang Hui 
Published: April 2024

RationaleThe mass spectra of compounds containing dimethyl (phenyl)silyl group (‐SiMe2Ph) sometimes exhibit unusual ion peaks when measured using Orbitrap gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). This would complicate the mass spectra and may limit the matching of spectral data with preexisting resources for compound annotation. These peaks were identified as products from reactions with residual water.MethodsA series of dimethyl (phenyl)silyl compounds were dissolved in methanol and investigated using Orbitrap GC–MS. Certain ions reacted with residual water in the C‐trap. The reaction was confirmed using accurate mass and elemental composition analysis via MS studies, and the active center of the reaction was determined using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.ResultsTwo types of gas‐phase reactions between gaseous water and cations from a series of silanes were identified. DFT calculations indicate that silicon (Si) acts as the active center for these gas‐phase water reactions. Compounds with multiple Si atoms generate a larger number of additional ions, which would complicate the mass spectra. The mass spectra of vinylsilanes and alkylsilanes with ‐SiMe2Ph indicate that the conjugated group linked to ‐SiMe2Ph can affect the water adduction process.ConclusionsSilane ions could react with residual water in the C‐trap of an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The mass spectra of these compounds may exhibit unexplained peaks arising from gas‐phase reactions. Although these reactions may decrease spectral matching scores for compound annotation, they offer opportunities for systematic investigations into the mechanistic and kinetic aspects of high‐energy ion reactivity.
Structural characterization of fatty acid anions via gas‐phase charge inversion using Mg(tri‐butyl‐terpyridine)22+ reagent ions
Authors: Nsiah Sarah T. , Fabijanczuk Kimberly C. , McLuckey Scott A. 
Published: April 2024

RationaleFree fatty acids and lipid classes containing fatty acid esters are major components of lipidome. In the absence of a chemical derivatization step, FA anions do not yield all of the structural information that may be of interest under commonly used collision‐induced dissociation (CID) conditions. A line of work that avoids condensed‐phase derivatization takes advantage of gas‐phase ion/ion chemistry to charge invert FA anions to an ion type that provides the structural information of interest using conventional CID. This work was motivated by the potential for significant improvement in overall efficiency for obtaining FA chain structural information.MethodsA hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion‐trap tandem mass spectrometer that has been modified to enable the execution of ion/ion reaction experiments was used to evaluate the use of 4,4′,4″‐tri‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (ttb‐Terpy) as the ligand in divalent magnesium complexes for charge inversion of FA anions.ResultsMg(ttb‐Terpy)22+ complexes provide significantly improved efficiency in producing structurally informative products from FA ions relative to Mg(Terpy)22+ complexes, as demonstrated for straight‐chain FAs, branched‐chain FAs, unsaturated FAs, and cyclopropane‐containing FAs. It was discovered that most of the structurally informative fragmentation from [FA‐H + Mg(ttb‐Terpy)]+ results from the loss of a methyl radical from the ligand followed by radical‐directed dissociation (RDD), which stands in contrast to the charge‐remote fragmentation (CRF) believed to be operative with the [FA‐H + Mg(Terpy)]+ ions.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that a large fraction of product ions from the CID of ions of the form [FA‐H + Mg(ttb‐Terpy)]+ are derived from RDD of the FA backbone, with a very minor fraction arising from structurally uninformative dissociation channels. This ligand provides an alternative to previously used ligands for the structural characterization of FAs via CRF.
Endobronchial cryptococcosis without pulmonary parenchymal involvement caused by Cryptococcus neoformans in an immunocompetent host
Authors: Shimanuki Yui , Sakamoto Susumu , Yoshida Hiromichi , Iizuka Noboru , Miyoshi Shion , Sonobe Satoshi , Tochigi Naobumi , Kishi Kazuma 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCryptococcus is a yeast‐like fungus. Pulmonary lesions caused by Cryptococcus neoformans typically present as single or multiple nodules or infiltrative lesions in the lungs; however, endobronchial lesions are rare. A 40‐year‐old previously healthy Japanese man was referred to our hospital due to an abnormality detected on chest computed tomography. The analysis revealed focal bronchiectasis and bronchial wall thickening in the right upper lobe, which persisted for 6 months. Bronchoscopy showed reddish and edematous mucosa, stenosed bronchi (right B1 and B3), and white moss at the bifurcation of the right upper bronchus. Transbronchial biopsy revealed numerous yeast‐like fungi and an encapsulated body. Bronchial washing for fungus culture identified Cryptococcus neoformans. Although analysis for serum cryptococcal antigen was negative, bronchoscopy led to a definitive diagnosis. Antifungal treatment improved the bronchial wall thickening. This is a rare case of endobronchial cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans without pulmonary parenchymal involvement in an immunocompetent host.
Quantum Dots on a String: In Situ Observation of Branching and Reinforcement Mechanism of Electrospun Fibers
Authors: Lou Lihua , Dolmetsch Tyler , Aguiar Brandon A. , Mohammed Sohail Mazher Ali Khan , Agarwal Arvind 
Published: April 2024

AbstractImmobilization of quantum dots (QDs) on fiber surfaces has emerged as a robust approach for preserving their functional characteristics while mitigating aggregation and instability issues. Despite the advancement, understanding the impacts of QDs on jet‐fiber evolution during electrospinning, QDs‐fiber interface, and composites functional behavior remains a knowledge gap. The study adopts a high‐speed imaging methodology to capture the immobilization effects on the QDs‐fiber matrix. In situ observations reveal irregular triangular branches within the QDs‐fiber matrix, exhibiting distinctive rotations within a rapid timeframe of 0.00667 ms. The influence of FeQDs on Taylor cone dynamics and subsequent fiber branching velocities is elucidated. Synthesis phenomena are correlated with QD‐fiber's morphology, crystallinity, and functional properties. PAN‐FeQDs composite fibers substantially reduced (50–70%) nano‐fibrillar length and width while their diameter expanded by 17%. A 30% enhancement in elastic modulus and reduction in adhesion force for PAN‐FeQDs fibers is observed. These changes are attributed to chemical and physical intertwining between the FeQDs and the polymer matrix, bolstered by the shifts in the position of C≡N and C═C bonds. This study provides valuable insights into the quantum dot‐fiber composites by comprehensively integrating and bridging jet‐fiber transformation, fiber structure, nanomechanics, and surface chemistry.