bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New diagnosis in psychiatry: beyond heuristics
Authors: McGorry Patrick D. , Hickie Ian B. , Kotov Roman , Schmaal Lianne , Wood Stephen J. , Allan Sophie M. , Altınbaş Kürşat , Boyce Niall , Bringmann Laura F. , Caspi Avshalom , Cuthbert Bruce , Gawęda Łukasz , Groen Robin N. , Guloksuz Sinan , Hartmann Jessica A. , Krueger Robert F. , Mei Cristina , Nieman Dorien , Öngür Dost , Raballo Andrea , Scheffer Marten , Schreuder Marieke J. , Shah Jai L. , Wigman Johanna T. W. , Yuen Hok Pan , Nelson Barnaby 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Diagnosis in psychiatry faces familiar challenges. Validity and utility remain elusive, and confusion regarding the fluid and arbitrary border between mental health and illness is increasing. The mainstream strategy has been conservative and iterative, retaining current nosology until something better emerges. However, this has led to stagnation. New conceptual frameworks are urgently required to catalyze a genuine paradigm shift.

Methods
We outline candidate strategies that could pave the way for such a paradigm shift. These include the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), and Clinical Staging, which all promote a blend of dimensional and categorical approaches.

Results
These alternative still heuristic transdiagnostic models provide varying levels of clinical and research utility. RDoC was intended to provide a framework to reorient research beyond the constraints of DSM. HiTOP began as a nosology derived from statistical methods and is now pursuing clinical utility. Clinical Staging aims to both expand the scope and refine the utility of diagnosis by the inclusion of the dimension of timing. None is yet fit for purpose. Yet they are relatively complementary, and it may be possible for them to operate as an ecosystem. Time will tell whether they have the capacity singly or jointly to deliver a paradigm shift.

Conclusions
Several heuristic models have been developed that separately or synergistically build infrastructure to enable new transdiagnostic research to define the structure, development, and mechanisms of mental disorders, to guide treatment and better meet the needs of patients, policymakers, and society.
What works for whom in pediatric OCD: description of causally interpretable meta-analysis methods and report on trial data harmonization
Authors: Norris Lesley A. , Barker David H. , Rosen Ariella R. , Kemp Joshua , Freeman Jennifer , Benito Kristen G. ,   Project Harmony Team
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Improving patient outcomes will be enhanced by understanding “what works, for whom?” enabling better matching of patients to available treatments. However, answering this “what works, for whom?” question requires sample sizes that exceed those of most individual trials. Conventional methods for combining data across trials, including aggregate-data meta-analysis, suffer from key limitations including difficulty accounting for differences across trials (e.g., comparing “apples to oranges”). Causally interpretable meta-analysis (CI-MA) addresses these limitations by pairing individual-participant-data (IPD) across trials using advancements in transportability methods to extend causal inferences to clinical “target” populations of interest. Combining IPD across trials also requires careful acquisition and harmonization of data, a challenging process for which practical guidance is not well-described in the literature.

Methods
We describe methods and work to date for a large harmonization project in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that employs CI-MA.

Results
We review the data acquisition, harmonization, meta-data coding, and IPD analysis processes for Project Harmony, a study that (1) harmonizes 28 randomized controlled trials, along with target data from a clinical sample of treatment-seeking youth ages 4–20 with OCD, and (2) applies CI-MA to examine “what works, for whom?” We also detail dissemination strategies and partner involvement planned throughout the project to enhance the future clinical utility of CI-MA findings. Data harmonization took approximately 125 hours per trial (3,000 hours total), which was considerably higher than preliminary projections.

Conclusions
Applying CI-MA to harmonize data has the potential to answer “what works for whom?” in pediatric OCD.
Change the Meaning, Save More Lives: Why Changing the Meaning of Commercial Compensated Collections of Substances of Human Origin Is Both Feasible and Preferable to Banning the Practice for Fear of Commodification
Authors: Jaworski Peter M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThousands of people will suffer and die this year because we do not donate enough substances of human origin, including blood plasma. To solve this, some recommend that we allow commercial organizations to assist in collecting these and that we permit donor compensation as a tool to encourage donations. Many object to these proposals, including for semiotic or expressive reasons. But insofar as these objections rely on meanings and these meanings are social constructs, we can revise the meaning of these practices to avoid commodification. Revision may work in principle, but in practice some complain that changing meanings may be too difficult or practically infeasible. This essay attempts to show that this is not so in a wide range of cases and uses the case of commercial compensated blood plasma collection as an illustration. Getting people to conceive of this practice not as payment for blood plasma but as compensation for the time, effort, and inconvenience associated with the giving of plasma is practically feasible and preferable to prohibition.
Sustaining transformative change in public health in Africa to achieve health development goals
Authors: Impouma Benido , Makubalo Lindiwe , Mwinga Kasonde , Cabore Joseph , Moeti Matshidiso Rebecca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In 2015, the WHO African Region was responding to the largest Ebola virus disease outbreak in history while at the same time working to contain a wild poliovirus outbreak [1]. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development had recently been endorsed, reflecting new global development priorities. By 2016, the Ebola outbreak was under control, and a new approach to reform and priority setting was in place in the region; the Transformation Agenda [2]. This agenda, introduced by the new Regional Director for Africa, Dr Matshidiso Moeti, set up a robust system for improving the efficiency and accountability of the WHO Secretariat for the African Region, which has been instrumental in the transformative changes that have been seen across the region in the past 10 years. This commentary discusses significant contributions to public health in the WHO African Region in the past decade, in the context of the Transformation Agenda, and the contributions of major investment in health security in the region. It is important to understand the need to sustain particular initiatives and elements of the transformative change that has taken place in the region.
Digital technology and language learning: insights from teachers of adult migrant learners
Authors: Maahs Ina-Maria , DeCapua Andrea , Triulzi Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Increasing global digitalization is changing the everyday language skills required to participate in society, to carry out professional activities, and to take advantage of educational opportunities. As a result, new linguistic and digital competences are required for migrants. At the same time, digitalization offers new potential for learner-oriented language learning. In this article, we compare the results of two studies on teachers of adult multilingual migrant learners. These teachers instruct learners at different levels of literacy and with varied prior formal learning experiences. Both studies are situated in the German education system. The results illustrate how teachers and learners can work together using digital technologies to promote language learning. We explore the opportunities for effective, multilingual, and motivating language learning, as well as the challenges faced by learners and teachers, pointing to the need for further training in digital technology for both groups.
Radiation dose diode measurements for in vivo dosimetry of IMRT plans: accuracy and technical considerations
Authors: Abdelkader Ali H. , AlZein Ali M. , Shahine Bilal H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
In vivo diode dosimetry proved its efficacy as a patient-specific quality assurance tool for 3DCRT. Its usefulness in IMRT is not sufficiently investigated.

Methods:
Four step-and-shoot IMRT plans were generated for different treatment sites using an Alderson Rando anthropomorphic phantom. Two in vivo semiconductor diodes were used to perform 33 entrance radiation dose measurements at central axis and max beam point dose on a water-equivalent slabs based on the anthropomorphic plans. Measured values were compared to planned ones, and detailed analysis per segment of each IMRT field was made to infer the reason behind the discrepancies of measurements from expectations.

Results:
Point dose measurements were performed on a beam and a segment basis. Agreement within ±5% action level with planned dose was 27% of beams at central axis versus 45% at max point dose and 10% of segments at central axis versus 25% at max point dose. For ±10% action level, 70% of beams at central axis versus 73% at max point dose, and 15% of segments at central axis versus 41% at max point dose. Classification of segments resulted in a significance of .021 for measuring at positions unaffected by the MLC partial and total blockage.

Conclusion:
Diode measurements are recommended at maximum dose coordinates for open beams/segments for more accurate patient dose verification results as part of in vivo dosimetry. This is important for limited resources centres treating with sMLC IMRT.
A New Framework for the Attribution of Air‐Sea CO2 Exchange
Authors: Ito Takamitsu , Reinhard Christopher T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe air‐sea transfer of carbon dioxide can be viewed as a dynamic system through which atmospheric and oceanic processes push surface waters away from thermodynamic equilibrium, while diffusive gas transfer pulls them back toward local equilibrium. These push/pull processes drive significant sub‐seasonal, seasonal, and interannual variability in air‐sea carbon fluxes, the quantification of which is critical both for diagnosing the ocean response to fossil fuel emissions and for attempts to mitigate anthropogenic climate disruption through intentional modification of surface ocean biogeochemistry. In this study, we present a new approach for attributing air‐sea carbon fluxes to specific mechanisms. The new framework is first applied to a two‐box ocean nutrient and carbon cycle model as an illustrative example. Next, outputs from a regional eddy‐resolving model of the Southern Ocean are analyzed. The roles of multiple physical and biogeochemical processes are identified. The decomposition of the seasonal air‐sea carbon flux shows the dominant role of biological carbon pumps that are partially compensated by the transport convergence. Finally, the framework is used to diagnose the response to mesoscale iron and alkalinity release, explicitly quantifying transport feedback and eventual impacts on net air‐sea carbon flux. Ocean carbon transport has divergent influences between iron and alkalinity release, due to opposing near‐surface gradients of dissolved inorganic carbon. We suggest that our attribution framework may be a useful analytical technique for monitoring natural ocean carbon fluxes and quantifying the impacts of human intervention on the ocean carbon cycle.
Chemical Weathering and Erosional Response of Northern New Guinea to Orbital‐Scale Climate Variability
Authors: Du Yifan , Clift Peter D. , Carter Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Plain Language SummaryWe carried out the first research documenting chemical weathering in northern New Guinea for 330 ka. The breakdown of pristine minerals is recognized as being important in regulating atmospheric CO2 and thus controlling the global climate over a variety of timescales. We explore the role played by New Guinea in modulating and responding to climate changes in 330 ka and assess its potential to affect global climate. We reconstruct the changing intensity of chemical weathering and calculate the rates of CO2 consumption and organic carbon burial using well‐established methods. CO2 was consumed in New Guinea more quickly during glacial times because erosion during these periods is more focused on rocks that are more mafic and thus more CO2 consuming. This results in a positive feedback, removing more atmospheric CO2 and allowing the Earth to cool further. The reverse occurs during interglacial times. Organic carbon burial does not vary with climatic cycles and accounts for only ∼15%–20% of the total CO2 drawdown. Modern river sediment loads indicate that New Guinea is much more effective than the major river systems of Asia in removing CO2 from the atmosphere.
Tracking 3D Drought Events Across Global River Basins: Climatology, Spatial Footprint, and Temporal Changes
Authors: Feng Xin , Wang Zhaoli , Wu Xushu , Huang Shengzhi , Li Jun , Lai Chengguang , Zeng Zhaoyang , Lin Guosheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial and temporal patterns of drought is essential for mitigating drought‐induced impacts. To date, less attention is paid to drought characterization and changes across global river basins within a 3D clustering drought identification framework. Here, we characterized drought events across 59 global river basins during 1979–2020 based on standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index and a three‐dimensional clustering method, together with exploration of relationships between drought indicators. The results show that drought characteristics did not change significantly over time in most basins, but the frequency tended to decrease in the Middle East and North Africa and showed increase at high latitudes. Droughts in Amazon, Nile and La Plata basins are severer than other basins with higher severities on the whole. Moreover, for most all basins, drought affected area and severity both increased with duration.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: signaling pathways and therapeutic advances
Authors: Zheng Jiaojiao , Wang Siying , Xia Lei , Sun Zhen , Chan Kui Ming , Bernards René , Qin Wenxin , Chen Jinhong , Xia Qiang , Jin Haojie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Liver cancer represents a major global health concern, with projections indicating that the number of new cases could surpass 1 million annually by 2025. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes around 90% of liver cancer cases and is primarily linked to factors incluidng aflatoxin, hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV), and metabolic disorders. There are no obvious symptoms in the early stage of HCC, which often leads to delays in diagnosis. Therefore, HCC patients usually present with tumors in advanced and incurable stages. Several signaling pathways are dis-regulated in HCC and cause uncontrolled cell propagation, metastasis, and recurrence of HCC. Beyond the frequently altered and therapeutically targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways in HCC, pathways involved in cell differentiation, telomere regulation, epigenetic modification and stress response also provide therapeutic potential. Investigating the key signaling pathways and their inhibitors is pivotal for achieving therapeutic advancements in the management of HCC. At present, the primary therapeutic approaches for advanced HCC are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and combination regimens. New trials are investigating combination therapies involving ICIs and TKIs or anti-VEGF (endothelial growth factor) therapies, as well as combinations of two immunotherapy regimens. The outcomes of these trials are expected to revolutionize HCC management across all stages. Here, we provide here a comprehensive review of cellular signaling pathways, their therapeutic potential, evidence derived from late-stage clinical trials in HCC and discuss the concepts underlying earlier clinical trials, biomarker identification, and the development of more effective therapeutics for HCC.
Myeloma cell-derived CXCL7 facilitates proliferation of tumor cells and occurrence of osteolytic lesions through JAK/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Wang Yue , Lan Tianwei , Zhang Qiongyan , Zhou Chi , Liu Peng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Osteolytic lesions and pathological fractures are hallmark manifestations of multiple myeloma (MM), profoundly influencing the quality of life and self-care ability of MM patients. By analyzing transcriptome data and single-cell RNA-seq data from our center and the GEO database, a subset of MM cells with high expression levels of chemokine CXCL7 was identified. This subset of MM cells possesses a high capacity for proliferation and activation of osteoclast signaling pathway. CXCL7 might be a crucial regulator of osteolytic damage in MM. Subsequently, the association between the expression level of CXCL7 and pathological fractures in patients was investigated, and the impact of CXCL7 on MM proliferation was confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. A mouse xenograft tumor model was established through intravenous injection of myeloma cell lines based on the homing ability of plasma cells. Moreover, the mechanism by which CXCL7 promotes the activation of osteoclast signaling pathways in MM was explored. Our findings reveal that elevated CXCL7 levels significantly enhance MM cell proliferation, increasing the risk of pathological fractures in MM patients. Additionally, our mouse xenograft tumor model demonstrated that CXCL7 can induce femoral fractures and reduce bone mineral density. Concurrently, it was discovered that CXCL7 could activate the JAK/STAT3 pathway via CXCR2 and upregulate the expression levels of MMP13 and C-myc, facilitating MM cell proliferation and activation of the osteoclast signaling pathway. Our study offers novel insights into the pathogenic mechanism of osteolytic lesions and implies that targeting CXCL7 may present a new therapeutic avenue for MM.
Restoration of gut microbiota with a specific synbiotic-containing infant formula in healthy Chinese infants born by cesarean section
Authors: Wang Ying , Wopereis Harm , Kakourou Alexia , Liu Min , Wu Jieling , Li Zailing , Zhang Lili , Tan Meizhen , Low June Su Yin , Liu Mengjin , Roeselers Guus , Knol Jan , Cai Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Birth by cesarean section (C-section) is associated with a delayed colonization of bifidobacteria and Bacteroidota species with potential negative health consequences. Previously, an infant formula with a synbiotic mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS [9:1]) and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V was found to restore the timely colonization of bifidobacteria in C-section born infants. In this study, we investigated the effect of this synbiotic mixture on gut microbiota development in C-section and vaginally–born infants participating in a growth equivalence trial (NCT03520764).

Methods
Healthy, fully formula-fed Chinese infants were randomized to receive a partially hydrolyzed whey-based protein formula with the synbiotic mixture (n = 112), or an intact protein formula with scGOS/lcFOS (prebiotic, n = 112). Breastfed infants served as reference group (n = 60). Gut microbiota profiling by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of stools collected at baseline, 17 weeks (end of intervention) and 12 months of age was complemented with analysis of stool pH, short-chain fatty acids, lactic acids, and secretory IgA concentrations.

Results
Both the prebiotic and the synbiotic formula supported a dominant and diverse infant-type bifidobacterial community, but with increased abundance of Bifidobacterium breve in the synbiotic group. In C-section born infants (54.8% of randomized) the synbiotic but not the prebiotic, enhanced the bifidobacterial species diversity and showed restoration of Parabacteroides at 17 weeks, and Bacteroides spp. at 12 months closer to that of the vaginally–born infants.

Conclusion
The synbiotic was confirmed to support the restoration of important gut colonizers in infants born by C-section with effects observed even beyond the intervention period.
Multi-project wafer runs for electronic graphene devices in the European 2D-Experimental Pilot Line project
Authors: Canto Bárbara , Otto Martin , Maestre Arantxa , Centeno Alba , Zurutuza Amaia , Robertz Bianca , Reato Eros , Chmielak Bartos , Stoll Stefanie L. , Hemmetter Andreas , Schlachter Florian , Ehlert Lisa , Li Sha , Neumaier Daniel , Rinke Gordon , Wang Zhenxing , Lemme Max C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The commercialization of electronic devices based on graphene has not yet been successful, even 20 years after its first isolation. To this end, the European Commission is supporting research toward establishing a European experimental pilot line for electronic and optoelectronic devices based on graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials, namely the Experimental Pilot Line (2D-EPL) project. Here, we report the results obtained during the first and third multi-project wafer (MPW) runs completed at the end of 2022 (MPW run 1) and 2023 (MPW run 3) as an outcome of the 2D-EPL. Test devices were measured across the wafers to assess the device quality and variability before delivering the fabricated dies to the customers. Raman spectroscopy confirmed minimal structural changes in the graphene caused by the fabrication process, while electrical measurements of two different device types verified the device specifications defined in the process design kit.
Microscopic parametrizations for gate set tomography under coloured noise
Authors: Viñas P. , Bermudez A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gate set tomography (GST) allows for a self-consistent characterization of noisy quantum information processors (QIPs). The standard approach treats QIPs as black boxes only constrained by the laws of physics, attaining full generality at a considerable resource cost: numerous circuits must be run in order to amplify each of the gate set parameters. In this work, we show that a microscopic parametrization of quantum gates under time-correlated noise on the driving phase, motivated by recent experiments with trapped-ion gates, enables a more efficient version of GST. Adopting the formalism of filter functions over the noise spectral densities, we discuss the minimal parametrizations of the gate set that include the effect of non-Markovian quantum evolutions during the individual gates. We compare the estimated gate sets obtained by our method and the standard long-sequence GST, discussing their accuracies and showcasing the advantages of the parametrized approach in terms of the sampling complexity.
Estimating energy consumption and GHG emissions in the U.S. food supply chain for net-zero
Authors: Armstrong Kristina , Dong Wenquan , Jin Mingzhou , Nimbalkar Sachin , Cresko Joe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work provides a database of the U.S. food system’s energy consumption and GHG emissions at the national and state levels by food supply chain (FSC) stage, fuel type, and food commodity. We estimate that the U.S. FSC consumed a total 4660 TBTU (4900 PJ) of site energy, 7130 TBTU (7500 PJ) of primary energy, and generated 970 MMT of GHG emissions in 2016. Among all the stages, on-farm production is the largest energy consumer (31% primary energy) and GHG emissions contributor (70%), largely due to raising animals. Optimizing distribution can reduce the stage’s energy consumption and GHG emissions and increase products’ shelf-life. Reducing food loss and waste is another good option, as it decreases the amount of food necessary to grow, thus impacting the overall FSC. The database can help stakeholders identify stage- and region-specific strategies and measures to curtail the environmental footprint of the U.S. food system.