bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac GR Mediates the Diurnal Rhythm in Ventricular Arrhythmia Susceptibility
Authors: Tikhomirov Roman , Oakley Robert H. , Anderson Cali , Xiang Yirong , Al-Othman Sami , Smith Matthew , Yaar Sana , Torre Eleonora , Li Jianying , Wilson Leslie R. , Goulding David R. , Donaldson Ian , Harno Erika , Soattin Luca , Shiels Holly A. , Morris Gwilym M. , Zhang Henggui , Boyett Mark R. , Cidlowski John A. , Mesirca Pietro , Mangoni Matteo E. , D’Souza Alicia 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) demonstrate a prominent day-night rhythm, commonly presenting in the morning. Transcriptional rhythms in cardiac ion channels accompany this phenomenon, but their role in the morning vulnerability to VAs and the underlying mechanisms are not understood. We investigated the recruitment of transcription factors that underpins transcriptional rhythms in ion channels and assessed whether this mechanism was pertinent to the heart’s intrinsic diurnal susceptibility to VA.

METHODS AND RESULTS:

Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing performed in mouse ventricular myocyte nuclei at the beginning of the animals’ inactive (ZT0) and active (ZT12) periods revealed differentially accessible chromatin sites annotating to rhythmically transcribed ion channels and distinct transcription factor binding motifs in these regions. Notably, motif enrichment for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR; transcriptional effector of corticosteroid signaling) in open chromatin profiles at ZT12 was observed, in line with the well-recognized ZT12 peak in circulating corticosteroids. Molecular, electrophysiological, and in silico biophysically-detailed modeling approaches demonstrated GR-mediated transcriptional control of ion channels (including
Scn5a
underlying the cardiac Na
+
current,
Kcnh2
underlying the rapid delayed rectifier K
+
current, and
Gja1
responsible for electrical coupling) and their contribution to the day-night rhythm in the vulnerability to VA. Strikingly, both pharmacological block of GR and cardiomyocyte-specific genetic knockout of GR blunted or abolished ion channel expression rhythms and abolished the ZT12 susceptibility to pacing-induced VA in isolated hearts.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study registers a day-night rhythm in chromatin accessibility that accompanies diurnal cycles in ventricular myocytes. Our approaches directly implicate the cardiac GR in the myocyte excitability rhythm and mechanistically link the ZT12 surge in glucocorticoids to intrinsic VA propensity at this time.
Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Methamphetamine Use: Relevance for Cardioembolic Stroke and Outcome
Authors: Lee Sook Joung , Liu Shimeng , Blackwill Haley , Stradling Dana , Shafie Mohammad , Yu Wengui 
Published: March 2024

Background
Methamphetamine use has emerged as a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in young adults. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association of methamphetamine use with cardioembolic stroke.

Methods and Results

We performed a retrospective study of patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted at our medical center between 2019 and 2022. All patients were screened for methamphetamine use and cardiomyopathy, defined as left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45%. Among 938 consecutive patients, 46 (4.9%) were identified as using methamphetamine. Compared with the nonmethamphetamine group (n=892), the methamphetamine group was significantly younger (52.8±9.6 versus 69.7±15.2 years;
P
<0.001), included more men (78.3% versus 52.8%;
P
<0.001), and had a significantly higher rate of cardiomyopathy (30.4% versus 14.0%;
P
<0.01). They were also less likely to have a history of atrial fibrillation (8.7% versus 33.4%;
P
<0.01) or hyperlipidemia (28.3% versus 51.7%;
P
<0.01). Compared with patients with cardiomyopathy without methamphetamine use, the patients with cardiomyopathy with methamphetamine use had significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (26.0±9.59% versus 32.47±9.52%;
P
<0.01) but better functional outcome at 3 months, likely attributable to significantly younger age and fewer comorbidities. In the logistic regression model of clinical variables, methamphetamine‐associated cardiomyopathy was found to be significantly associated with cardioembolic stroke (odds ratio, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.04–3.06];
P
<0.05).

Conclusions
We demonstrate that methamphetamine use is significantly associated with cardiomyopathy and cardioembolic stroke in young adults.
Technology, R2P, and the UN Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes
Authors: D’Alessandra Federica , Gildea Ross James 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
How should rapid developments in digital and cyber technology shape our understanding of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P)? And in operationalising the doctrine, how might insights on the impact of technology be integrated within key tools of R2P implementation, such as the United Nations Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes? Although prior literature has produced rich discussion of R2P as a norm, and of the politics surrounding it, analysts have paid ‘far less attention to what R2P looks like in practice’, especially with regard to advances in new technology. In this article we contend that, whether we look at the future of R2P through a normative/legal lens, or from a policy/operational perspective, grappling with the impact of technology on the practical realities of mass atrocity situations is of critical importance. To explore this argument, we empirically engage with one of the primary tools through which the implementation of R2P has benefited, the UN Framework of Analysis on Atrocity Crimes (unfaac).
The nomenclatural cases of Veronica steppacea and V. menthifolia (Plantaginaceae), with notes on the status of provisional names and type designation
Authors: MOSYAKIN SERGEI L. , ALBACH DIRK C. , DAUBERT MAREIKE , ANTONENKO SVITLANA I. 
Published: March 2024

A nomenclatural and taxonomic analysis is provided for the name Veronica steppacea Kotov (Plantaginaceae: Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium) and some associated names of plants occurring mainly in the Steppe and Forest-Steppe physiographic zones of southeastern Europe, especially Ukraine. In particular, it is confirmed that the name V. steppacea was validly published in 1954. The first publication of that name in 1927 was invalid because it was published with “the mere mention of the subordinate taxa included in the taxon concerned” (Art. 36.2 of the ICN). Following the current provisions of the ICN, the specimen KW000058110 collected by Kotov in 1949 (“1948” in the protologue is a typo or error) in southeastern Ukraine (Donetsk Region, Volnovakha District, Starohnativka) is designated here as the lectotype of the name V. steppacea, one of three specimens at KW annotated by the author as “types” and belonging to one gathering. A list of main synonyms of V. steppacea (including V. borysthenica, V. cretacea, V. donetzica, V. tzvelevii, etc.) is provided. A corrected type designation is published for the name V. menthifolia H. Schott ex Roem. & Schult.: the illustration in Clusius (1601) is designated as the lectotype and the specimen from the herbarium of H. Schott (BP 348066) is designated as the epitype. Most probably V. menthifolia is conspecific with V. barrelieri (referring to an eastern Submediterranean European taxon), and thus the name V. steppacea should be used for related southeastern European plants. Several potential amendments of the ICN are briefly considered based on the nomenclatural cases discussed in the article.
Formation Mechanisms of the Decadal Indian Ocean Dipole Driven by Remote Forcing from the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Xie Mingmei , Wu Bo , Wang Jia-Zhen , Wang Chunzai , Sun Xiubao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
On decadal time scales, a zonal SST dipole dominates the tropical Indian Ocean in boreal late summer and fall, called the decadal Indian Ocean dipole (D-IOD). The D-IOD has a spatial pattern different from the traditional interannual IOD, with its eastern pole located off Java, rather than the whole Sumatra–Java coasts as the latter. Here, we show that the D-IOD is generated by both the remote tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) forcing and the decadal modulation of interannual IODs, but with its distinctive spatial pattern and seasonality mainly shaped by the former. In August–September (AS), due to the seasonal strengthening of trade winds, the descending branch of TPDV-induced Walker circulation moves westward into the eastern Indian Ocean relative to June–July, which stimulates equatorial easterly anomalies and oceanic upwelling Kelvin waves, causing subsurface cooling off Java. The subsurface cooling just occurs within the time window of climatological coastal upwelling so that subsurface cold anomalies are brought into the surface by mean upwelling and further transported offshore by mean flows, forming the D-IOD eastern pole. The subsurface cooling is only generated near Java but not Sumatra, because the former is closer to the exit of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). Weakened ITF during positive TPDV inhibits the growth of subsurface warming off Java prior to the establishment of AS equatorial easterly anomalies, whereas this ITF effect is not observed off Sumatra. Moreover, warming of the D-IOD western pole might be associated with off-equatorial Rossby waves induced by TPDV-related wind stress curls.

Significance Statement
The decadal Indian Ocean dipole (D-IOD) is one of the leading decadal modes of the tropical Indian Ocean SST variations. Its formation mechanisms, especially those related to its spatiotemporal characteristics, are not well understood. Based on observations and reanalysis, we show that the tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) mainly accounts for the distinctive spatial pattern and seasonality of the D-IOD via the seasonal migration of the anomalous Walker circulation and ensuing oceanic subsurface dynamics. Our results highlight that the TPDV is an important source of D-IOD’s predictability, and it might be beneficial for operational decadal predictions for the tropical Indian Ocean.
Optimizing Triage Practice in Pediatric Trauma: Lessons From Under-triage and Over-triage Rates and Risk Factors
Authors: Ngo Lisa C. , Carroll Hayley M. , Massimilian Stephanie Salgueiro , Garapaty Nikitha , Palladino Kelsey , Samuels Shenae K. , Lao Oliver B. , Parreco Joshua P. , Levene Tamar 
Published: March 2024

Background Triage accuracy is essential for delivering effective trauma care, especially in the pediatric population where unique challenges exist. The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors contributing to under-triage and over-triage in an urban pediatric trauma center. Methods This retrospective cohort study included all trauma activations at an urban level 1 trauma center between January 1, 2021, and July 31, 2023 (patients <18 years old.) Patients who were under- or over-triaged were identified based on the level of trauma activation and injury severity score. Results There were 1094 trauma activations included in this study. The rate of under-triage was 3.8% (n = 42) and over-triage was 13.6% (n = 149). Infants aged 0-1 years had the highest rate of under-triage (10.9%, n = 19, P < .001), while those aged 11-17 had the highest rate of over-triage (17.0%, n = 82, P = .003). Non-accidental trauma was the strongest risk factor for under-triage (OR 30.2 [6.4-142.8] P < .001). Penetrating mechanism was the strongest risk factor for over-triage (OR 12.2 [5.6-26.2] P < .001). Discussion This study reveals the complexity of trauma triage in the pediatric population. We identified key predictive factors, such as age, comorbidities, and mechanism of injury, that can be used to refine triage practices and improve the care of pediatric trauma patients.
Information on local financial reforms and cognitive processes of citizens
Authors: Noda Yu 
Published: March 2024

This study uses survey data from Kyoto citizens in Japan to examine the factors affecting citizen evaluations of local government finances. In particular, it probes whether information delivery alters citizen perceptions of government finances. In the pre-information condition, findings indicate that citizens who rate performance, compliance and respect for rights, and accessibility to government information evaluate government finances more highly. The impact of information delivery formed the focus of this inquiry, and the results confirmed the learning effect of the modification of citizen perceptions after accurate financial information was received. Those who have higher or lower prior beliefs about the government are also more likely to revise their beliefs in cases of overestimation or underestimation when provided with information based on accurate fiscal indicators. In addition, when information is provided to citizens who have low accessibility to government information, they are more likely than other citizens to improve their evaluation. This study offers key directions for the exploration of the learning effects of information delivery by local governments and recommends methods for constructing desirable relationships between citizens and governments through such efforts. Points for practitioners This study elucidates the learning effects of the information provided by government officials on citizens. The finding that citizens dissatisfied with their access to government information evaluate the government more highly after receiving accurate information from the government is particularly significant. In addition, citizens focus on the performance of services provision, adherence to established rules and observance of the rights granted to them.
Spirituality and people with psychosis: A content analysis of influential primetime television programs
Authors: Hodge David R. , Turner Patricia R. 
Published: March 2024

Objective This mixed methods study examined depictions of spirituality among people with psychosis in influential television programming. Spirituality is a central strength for many people with psychosis. Yet, despite the important role media plays in shaping perceptions, little research has examined the intersection between spirituality and psychosis in the popular media. Methods To address this gap, we conducted a content analysis of the 50 most viewed primetime fictional television shows over a 10-year period as determined by the Nielsen rating organization. Characters with psychosis were identified via keyword searches of online sources (Wikis, IMDb, etc.) and subsequently independently coded by two individuals. Characters were rated on 18 items in three domains related to demographics, life status, and character framing. Inter-rater reliability ranged from good to excellent across variables. Results Of 120 identified characters with psychosis, just 16% (n = 19) had a spiritual identity. Analysis revealed few differences between spiritual and secular characters on demographic and life status variables. Conversely, an examination of framing variables revealed spiritual characters were comparatively less attractive, exhibited a greater negative impact on society, and were more likely to be referred to pejoratively (as a psychopath) and engage in criminal activity. Trend analysis indicated portrayals of spiritual characters decreased over time. Conclusions The results suggest media depictions of spirituality contribute to the stigmatization of spirituality among people with psychosis, potentially preventing access to important coping resources and discouraging professional help-seeking. Primary care physicians should consider incorporating a spiritual assessment into care to determine spiritual coping assets and then support these.
Physical Activity After Heart Surgery: Associations With Psychosocial and Sleep Factors
Authors: Lee Sueyeon , Quinn Lauretta , Fritschi Cynthia , Fink Anne M. , Park Chang , Reutrakul Sirimon , Collins Eileen G. 
Published: March 2024

Background: Heart surgery is an effective intervention for managing heart disease, the leading cause of death globally. After surgery, physical activity is key to improving patients’ quality of life and decreasing mortality, but patients are frequently physically inactive after heart surgery. Objective: This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to examine how psychosocial and sleep factors influenced physical activity in patients after heart surgery. The mediating role of sleep factors between psychosocial factors and physical activity was also examined. Methods: Thirty-three patients who had undergone heart surgery were recruited. Psychosocial and sleep factors and physical activity were measured using an online survey and a wrist-worn ActiGraph for 7 days and nights. Results: The participants had heart surgery an average of about 7 years previously. They exceeded the recommended 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity for Americans; however, 64% of them showed poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5). Higher anxiety and depressive symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and greater sleep disturbances were associated with lower physical activity. Moreover, self-efficacy, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset were predictors for physical activity. No mediating role of sleep factors was observed between psychosocial factors and physical activity. Conclusions: Psychosocial and sleep factors should be considered when developing and implementing physical activity strategies for patients after heart surgery. Researchers should examine the relationships among the study variables with larger samples of postsurgical cardiac patients during different periods after heart surgery.
Effectiveness of exercise intervention on physical and health outcomes in patients admitted to an acute medical ward: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McCaig Jane L , Gordon Brett A , Taylor Carolyn J 
Published: March 2024

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of inpatient medical ward exercise on physical and health outcomes in adults compared with usual care. Data sources Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE were searched from inception to 20 April 2023. Review methods Randomised-controlled trials in English that reported physical and health outcomes of adults who received an exercise intervention on an acute medical ward were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro and TESTEX scales. The GRADE rating assessed the quality of evidence to evaluate the certainty of effect. Meta-analyses were performed where possible. Results Thirteen studies were included, with 1273 unique participants (mean [SD] age, 75.5 [11] years), which compared exercise intervention with usual care. Low quality evidence demonstrated a significant improvement in aerobic capacity ([MD], 1.39 m [95% CI, 0.23, 2.55], p = 0.02) and maximum isometric strength ([MD], 2.3 kg [95% CI, 2.2, 2.4], p < 0.001) for the exercise intervention compared with usual care. Low quality evidence demonstrated no difference for in-hospital falls count ([OR], 1.93 [95% CI, 0.61, 6.12] p = 0.27) or mortality ([OR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.48, 1.23], p = 0.27). Moderate quality evidence demonstrated no difference for length of stay ([MD], −0.10 days [95% CI, −0.31, 0.11] p = 0.36). Conclusion Exercise prescribed during an acute medical ward stay improves aerobic capacity and maximum isometric strength but may not reduce length of stay, in-hospital falls or mortality.
Just a gut feeling: Faecal microbiota transplant for treatment of depression – A mini-review
Authors: Chang Minna , Chang Kai Tuomas , Chang Fuju 
Published: March 2024

Background: The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) allows bidirectional crosstalk between the brain and gut microbiota (GM) and is believed to contribute to regulating mood/cognition/behaviour/metabolism/health and homeostasis. Manipulation of GM through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a new, exciting and promising treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Aims: This mini-review examines current research into GM and FMT as a therapy for depression. Methods: Original research articles published in Medline/Cochrane Library/PubMed/EMBASE/PsycINFO databases/National Institute of Health website Clinicaltrials.gov/controlled-trials.com were searched. Full articles included in reference lists were evaluated. We summarise current data on GM and depression and discuss communication through the MGBA and the interaction of antidepressants and GM through this. We review compositions of dysbiosis in depressed cohorts, focusing on future directions in the treatment of MDD. Results: Studies have demonstrated significant gut dysbiosis in depressed patients compared to healthy cohorts, with overgrowth of pro-inflammatory microbiota, reduction in anti-inflammatory species and reduced overall stability and taxonomic richness. FMT allows the introduction of healthy microbiota into the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating the restoration of eubiosis. Conclusion: The GM plays an integral role in human health and disease through its communication with the rest of the body via the MGBA. FMT may provide a means to transfer the healthy phenotype into the recipient and this concept in humans is attracting enormous attention as a prospective treatment for psychopathologies, such as MDD, in the future. It may be possible to manipulate the GM in a number of ways, but further research is needed to determine the exact likelihood and profiles involved in the development and amelioration of MDD in humans, as well as the long-term effects and potential risks of this procedure.
Learning curve of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in the treatment of complex renal calculi
Authors: Lu Zhaoxiang , Yang Wentie , He Wei 
Published: March 2024

Objective This study was performed to investigate the learning curve of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) for the treatment of complex renal calculi. Methods Seventy-two patients with complex renal stones who underwent ultrasound-guided PCNL by the same operator from November 2016 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The learning curve of PCNL for complex renal stones was analyzed using multifactorial cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis and best-fit curves. Results The CUSUM best-fit curve peaked at Case 36, which represented the minimum number of cumulative cases required to cross the learning curve for this surgical procedure. Accordingly, the learning curve was divided into a learning improvement period (36 cases) and a proficiency phase (36 cases). Compared with the learning improvement period, the proficiency phase was characterized by a shorter puncture time and operation time, a smaller drop in the hemoglobin level, and a lower postoperative complication rate. Conclusion The learning curve of PCNL for the treatment of complex renal calculi can be divided into a learning improvement period and a proficiency phase, and the minimum cumulative number of cases is 36.