bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylation status of insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐3 promoter in prostate cancer tissues
Authors: OKUGI Hironobu , KOIKE Hidekazu , SEKINE Yoshitaka , MATSUI Hiroshi , SUZUKI Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground:  It has been postulated that insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3) is a mediator of growth suppression signals. Recently, a correlation between the promoter hypermethylation of IGFBP‐3 and cancer risk was reported in hepatocellular cancer and in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated whether the methylation status of IGFBP‐3 promoter in prostate tissues influences the progression and prognosis of prostate cancer.Methods:  We conducted a case‐control study consisting of 38 prostate cancer patients and 57 control subjects, and assessed the relationship of promoter hypermethylation at IGFBP‐3 with the clinical and pathological tumor characteristics of these patients. The methylation status was analyzed by two methylation‐specific PCR techniques.Results:  Hypermethylation of the IGFBP‐3 promoter was found in 13 (34.2%) of the 38 cases, and 11 (19.3%) of the 57 controls with one method using a hepatocellular primer as described by Hanafusa et al. With other methods using a NSCLC‐primer, as described by Chang et al., hypermethylation was found in four (10.5%) of the cases and two (3.5%) of the controls. No significant differences were observed in the methylation frequencies between the controls and the cases. When the cases were stratified based on their clinical stage (localized or metastatic) and pathological grade (Gleason score of <7 or ≥7), the promoter hypermethylation status of IGFBP‐3 also showed no significant differences.Conclusions:  Hypermethylation of the IGFBP‐3 promoter was observed in prostate tissues, but we found no significant association of IGFBP‐3 promoter hypermethylation with the risk of developing prostate cancer.
The clinicopathological features, treatment and survival of gastric adenocarcinoma in Omani Arab patients
Authors: AL‐MOUNDHRI Mansour S , AL‐BAHRANI Bassim , BURNEY Ikram A , NIRMALA Vadakeppat , AL‐MADHANI Ali , AL‐NABHANI Maryam , THOMAS Valsa , GANGULY Shyam S , GRANT Christopher S 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground:  Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the second most frequent cancer worldwide and the most common cancer in the Sultanate of Oman. The surgical and medical management of GC varies worldwide, and variable ethnic differences in clinicopathological features and survival have been observed. The aim of this work was to study clinicopathological features, management and survival trends of GC in Oman and to assess the impact of aggressive management trends on survival.Methods:  A retrospective study of gastric adenocarcinoma cases, treated at three main hospitals in Oman over a 12‐year period, was undertaken. The study was divided into period I (1993–1998) and period II (1999–2004), based on the evolution of cancer services.Results:  A population of 339 patients was included in the study (M : F ratio 1.9 : 1). GC was mainly a disease of elderly males with mean ages of 60.3 and 59.3 years for periods I and II, respectively. The most prevalent types of GC observed during periods I and II were distal (60.7% vs. 57.7%), ulcerating (64.3% vs. 63.7%) and intestinal (80.9% vs. 78.4%), with no significant differences between them. The main histopathology was adenocarcinoma with an increase in the signet cell variant (4% to 12.1%, P, 0.03) during period II. Advanced stages III and IV constituted 71.1% and 76.5% of all patients in periods I and II, respectively (P, 0.9). More D2 lymph node dissections and increased use of adjuvant chemo‐radiotherapy and palliative chemotherapy were noted during period II. Median survival time for the entire cohort was 12.3 months (95% CI 9.7–14.4) with a 5‐year overall survival rate of 16.5%. The 5‐year overall survival for periods I and II was 14% and 19% (P, 0.27), respectively.Conclusion:  GC in Oman is seen predominantly in elderly males who display predominately distal, ulcerative lesions with an intestinal‐type histology. GC continues to present in advanced stages, with poor prognosis. This fact underscores the need for early diagnosis to achieve a better outcome. There is a need to employ early detection policies of gastric cancer in developing countires as aggressive treatment does not alter the outcome of advanced presentaion.
Lung cancer patients with postoperative normalization of serum carcinoembryonic antigen level: Predictive factors for re‐elevation
Authors: TOMITA Masaki , MATSUZAKI Yasunori , SHIMIZU Tetsuya , HARA Masaki , AYABE Takanori , ONITSUKA Toshio 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground:  Postoperative normalization of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level has been reported to be a favorable prognostic predictor in lung cancer. However, serum CEA levels of some patients’ groups re‐elevate during their postoperative course. The aim of study was to find predictors of CEA re‐elevation in patients with preoperative high and postoperative normal CEA.Methods:  Sixty‐one consecutive lung cancer patients with preoperative high serum CEA level (>5 ng/mL) and postoperative normal level were reviewed retrospectively. Among these patients, serum CEA levels of 23 patients re‐elevated during their postoperative course. We compared patients with and without re‐elevation of serum CEA levels.Results:  The 5‐year survival of patients with and without re‐elevation of serum CEA level was 13.20% and 88.68%, respectively (P < 0.0001). There are significant differences in pN2 status and CEA level in pleural lavage fluid between patients with and without re‐elevation of serum CEA level.Conclusions:  Our results showed that pN2 status and lavage CEA level were related to the re‐elevation of serum CEA level.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SENSORY AND RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS OF TEXTURE IN MATURING COMMERCIAL CHEDDAR CHEESE OVER A RANGE OF MOISTURE AND pH AT THE POINT OF MANUFACTURE
Authors: EVERARD C.D. , O'CALLAGHAN D.J. , HOWARD T.V. , O'DONNELL C.P. , SHEEHAN E.M. , DELAHUNTY C.M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTS Textural characteristics of 10 Cheddar cheeses with a range of moisture contents and pH values were investigated by sensory and instrumental methods, over a 9‐month maturing period. A trained panel of nine assessors described the sensory texture characteristics of the cheeses using 11 texture parameters. Instrumental parameters were derived using texture profile analysis. Relationships between sensory, instrumental, compositional and maturation properties of the cheeses were determined with the aid of principal component analysis and multiple linear regression. Nine sensory parameters significantly correlated with instrumental parameters, e.g., sensory rubbery correlated with instrumental firmness (R = 0.696, P < 0.001), chewiness (R = 0.679, P < 0.001), fracture stress (R = 0.669, P < 0.001) and springiness (R = 0.643, P < 0.001). Sensory firmness corresponded closely with instrumental firmness (R = 0.539, P < 0.001) and fracture stress (R = 0.518, P < 0.001). Sensory and instrumental texture parameters were significantly affected by changes in moisture content, pH and maturation.
PREDICTION OF THE SENSORY TEXTURE OF A YAM THICK PASTE (AMALA) USING INSTRUMENTAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: AKISSOE NOËL , MESTRES CHRISTIAN , HOUNHOUIGAN JOSEPH , NAGO MATHURIN 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACT Amala is a traditional thick paste consumed in West Africa (Nigeria, Bénin, Togo). It is prepared from blanched dried yam flour and has a particular texture. The texture attributes of amala pastes obtained from market and prepared in laboratory were sensorily evaluated. Both compression and extrusion tests were done from which maxima force and slope were calculated. The physical (particle size), starch characteristics and functional properties (solubility, swelling power [Sp], viscosity) of yam flours were also determined to establish a predictive model for amala sensory texture attributes. The main amala sensory attributes were stickiness, firmness and smoothness. Stickiness and firmness could be assessed by uniaxial extrusion test: These attributes were highly correlated with the maximum extrusion slope (r = −0.60 and r = 0.53, respectively). Stickiness was associated with yam flour Sp, which in turn was related to gelatinization temperature and enthalpy changes. In addition, soluble matter and soluble amylose were found to be indicators of amala sensory stickiness. No clear relationships were observed between sensory firmness and yam flour physicochemical characteristics or functional properties.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SUGAR‐SNAP COOKIES USING GRANULE SURFACE DEPROTEINATED WHEAT STARCH
Authors: RYAN K.J. , BREWER M.S. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACT The physical properties of soft wheat starch granule surface proteins and soy flours or isolates, which contribute to the texture of sugar‐snap cookies was studied. Soft wheat flour was deproteinated and cookies were produced containing 0, 10, 20 or 30% soy flour, or one of two types of ground, textured soy flour. Color, fracture force and spread ratio of cookies were determined. Cookies formulated with wheat starch stripped of the starch granule surface proteins exhibited significant alterations in diameter, fracture force, thickness and surface cracking. Cookies containing ground, textured soy flour and protein‐stripped starch granule wheat flour were larger, thinner and had more surface cracking than those produced with nontextured soy flour. Wheat starch granule surface proteins appear to partially mediate the interaction of proteins and starch in a sugar‐snap cookie system.
Survey of health claims for Australian foods made on Internet sites
Authors: DRAGICEVICH Helen , WILLIAMS Peter , RIDGES Leisa 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjective:  Australia and New Zealand are currently preparing a new food standard code, which will allow the use of health claims on food products and in associated advertising. The aim of the present study was to obtain preliminary information about the current use of health claims on the Internet and the level of compliance of these claims with existing regulations.Methods:  From August to October 2005 a survey was conducted of 1068 websites associated with the top 20 food‐processing companies in Australia, and an additional 683 websites for food products found to carry health claims in previous studies of product labels and magazine advertisements. The results were compared with those from a 2003 survey of health claims on the labels of 7850 products.Results:  The survey found that 14.5% of food product websites carried a health claim, and 40.7% and 37.0% of products previously identified as carrying claims on product labels or in magazines, respectively, had Internet claims. Of claims 21.4% were located directly on the food product webpage, but the majority (78.6%) were on associated links within the manufacturer’s website. Many of the claims (19.7%) were high‐level or therapeutic claims not permitted by current food standards.Conclusions:  Health claims are not being made more frequently on websites compared with product labels, but there is a greater prevalence of high‐level and therapeutic claims made on the Internet. In future, food standards enforcement will need to give greater priority to monitoring the use of health claims on the Internet.
Profile of the Australian dietetic workforce: 1991–2005
Authors: BROWN Leanne , CAPRA Sandra , WILLIAMS Lauren 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjective:  The present study aims to review current available data that describe the dietetics workforce in Australia.Design:  A literature search was conducted using CIHNAL and hand searches. Following this, a review of the current available dietetics workforce data was conducted. Dietitians Association of Australia (DAA) membership data were analysed.Subjects and setting:  Sources of workforce data included: the Australian Bureau of Statistics Census data, DAA membership database, state health department and national workforce reports, reports by allied health organisations and independent research.Main outcome measures:  Descriptive data profiling the Australian dietetic workforce and employment trends.Statistical analysis:  A descriptive analysis of DAA membership data was undertaken. The DAA membership data were mapped by postcode with the Australian Standard Geographical Classification for remoteness. Counts and proportions were used to summarise and compare available data.Results:  There has been a growth and diversity of the dietetics profession in Australia in recent years, despite a lower proportion of qualified dietitians working as dietitians. The dietetic workforce is relatively young, predominantly female and unevenly distributed across the country. The available data are complex and difficult to interpret.Conclusions:  The present review of currently available dietetic workforce data provides a profile of the dietetics profession in Australia. Further workforce data are required in order to adequately describe the dietetics workforce in Australia and to determine future needs for the profession. National monitoring and systematic workforce data collection are urgently required.
Understanding the gluten‐free diet for teaching in Australia
Authors: SHEPHERD Sue , GIBSON Peter R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDiagnosis of coeliac disease in Australia is increasing. The only recognised treatment is a gluten‐free diet. It is essential that dietitians, who offer a critical role in the management of patients with coeliac disease, are up‐to‐date for the current teachings of a gluten‐free diet. The present article provides background to the condition, rationale for dietary restriction of gluten, practical education strategies, suggestions for managing associated conditions and long‐term management issues, in the Australian context.
Ecology, Domain Specificity, and the Origins of Theory of Mind: Is Competition the Catalyst?
Authors: Lyons Derek E. , Santos Laurie R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn the nearly 30 years since Premack and Woodruff famously asked, “Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?”, the question of exactly how much non‐human primates understand about the mental lives of others has had an unusually dramatic history. As little as ten years ago it appeared that the answer would be a simple one, with early investigations of non‐human primates’ mentalistic abilities yielding a steady stream of negative findings. Indeed, by the mid‐1990s even very cautious researchers were ready to flatly assert that Theory of Mind was a uniquely human capacity. Recently, however, an exciting new theoretical perspective on primate social cognition has arisen, and with it the distinct possibility that our evolutionary relatives may understand far more of the social world than we previously believed. In this paper we review new theory and evidence suggesting that non‐human primates may indeed represent the mental states of others, at least within the domains for which their distinctive social ecology has prepared them. Having asserted that Premack and Woodruff's original question can be answered with a qualified yes, we then consider the new questions that arise in its place, particularly how and why our own Theory of Mind became more domain‐general than that of other primates.
Comparison of annexin II, p63 and α-methylacyl-CoA racemase immunoreactivity in prostatic tissue: a tissue microarray study
Authors: Stewart Jocelyn , Fleshner Neil , Cole Heather , Sweet Joan 
Published: August 2006

Background:Current ancillary markers for diagnosis in prostate biopsies include p63 and α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR). Annexin II (ANXII), a calcium and phospholipid binding protein, is lost in prostate cancer.Aims:To investigate ANXII expression in order to assess its utility as a novel diagnostic marker in comparison to p63 and AMACR.Methods:Using immunohistochemistry on six tissue microarrays, ANXII, p63, and AMACR expression was analysed from 210 radical prostatectomy cases. Staining was evaluated in benign and atrophic glands, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Separate scores were given for ANXII, AMACR and p63 expression.Results:Diffuse cytoplasmic expression of ANXII correlated with p63 reactivity in basal cells. Benign glands were positive for ANXII in 286/292 cores (98%) and negative for AMACR in all 292 cores. HGPIN showed heterogeneous expression of AMACR and ANXII. A significantly larger proportion of HGPIN glands were correctly identified as ANXII negative than as positive for AMACR. ANXII loss in prostate cancer was found in 282/320 cores (88%) and correlated with positive AMACR expression (272/320 cores, 85%), which was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant correlation between ANXII scores and the clinical parameters examined.Conclusions:Immunohistochemical staining for ANXII is a consistent and reliable marker of prostatic neoplasia. The findings of this study suggest the potential utility of ANXII as a diagnostic aid in prostate cancer histopathology.
C-Reactive Protein Decreases Interleukin-10 Secretion in Activated Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages via Inhibition of Cyclic AMP Production
Authors: Singh Uma , Devaraj Sridevi , Dasu Mohan R. , Ciobanu Dana , Reusch Jane , Jialal Ishwarlal 
Published: August 2006

Objective—C-Reactive protein (CRP), a cardiovascular risk marker, could also participate in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaques express CRP and interleukin (IL)-10, a major antiinflammatory cytokine. IL-10 deficiency results in increased lesion formation, whereas IL-10 delivery attenuates lesions. We tested the effect of CRP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-10 secretion in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs).Methods and Results—Incubation of HMDMs with CRP significantly decreased LPS-induced IL-10 mRNA and intracellular and secreted IL-10 protein and destabilized IL-10 mRNA. Also, CRP alone increased secretion of IL-8, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor from HMDMs and did not inhibit LPS-induced secretion of these cytokines. Fc γ receptor I antibodies significantly reversed CRP-mediated IL-10 inhibition. CRP significantly decreased intracellular cAMP, phospho-cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB), and adenyl cyclase activity. cAMP agonists reversed CRP-mediated IL-10 inhibition. Overexpression of wild-type and constitutively active CREB in THP-1 cells revealed attenuation of the inhibitory effect of CRP on LPS-induced IL-10 levels. CRP also inhibited hemoglobin:haptoglobin-induced IL-10 and heme oxygenase-1. Furthermore, administration of human CRP to rats significantly decreased IL-10 levels.Conclusions—This study provides novel evidence that CRP, by decreasing IL-10 alters the antiinflammatory/proinflammatory balance, accentuating inflammation, which is pivotal in atherothrombosis.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Alloantibodies Link Neointimal and Medial Remodeling in Graft Arteriosclerosis
Authors: Thaunat Olivier , Louedec Liliane , Dai Jianping , Bellier Florence , Groyer Emilie , Delignat Sandrine , Gaston Anh-Thu , Caligiuri Giuseppina , Joly Etienne , Plissonnier Didier , Michel Jean-Baptiste , Nicoletti Antonino 
Published: August 2006

Objective—Chronic vascular rejection, the main cause of allograft failure, is characterized by the destruction of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the media concomitantly with the proliferation of SMCs in the adjacent neointima. We hypothesized that alloantibodies might be responsible for these 2 opposite but coordinated events.Methods and Results—We used the rat aortic interposition model of chronic vascular rejection. During the rejection process, a neointima composed of proliferating SMCs from the recipient developed, whereas the SMCs in the media, all of donor origin, underwent apoptosis. Alloantibody deposition was detected only in the media. Using in vitro cultures experiments, we observed that alloantibody binding to donor SMCs exerts (1) a rapid upregulation of the transcription of growth factors genes, followed by (2) the induction of apoptosis after 24 hours. The transient production of growth factors by donor SMCs in response to the binding of alloantibodies induced the proliferation of recipient SMCs in culture supernatant transfer experiments. Additional data suggest that among the repertoire of alloantibodies, those directed against major histocompatibility complex I might carry the remodeling effect.Conclusions—Our data suggest that during chronic vascular rejection, alloantibody binding to donor medial SMCs is a crucial event that links neointimal and medial remodeling.
Korea's New Techno-Scientific State
Authors: Uttam Jitendra 
Published: August 2006

The article aims to map the process of transformation in the Korean ‘developmental state’ which is evolving into a new ‘techno-scientific state’. In the past, the Korean ‘developmental state’ directed national economic development by decisively controlling the entire financial system. However, after successfully leading economic change for half a century, the role of the Korean state appears to be drastically diminished. The literature that deals with this issue tends to focus on the demise of the ‘developmental state’ and discusses the ‘post-developmental minimalist state’. However, it clearly ignores the strategic role of the state in creating a distinct ‘techno-scientific’ ethos, which has been critical in enhancing Korea's industrial competitiveness in the face of the established Japanese and the emerging Chinese challenges. The hypothesis is that the linkages between techno-scientific and techno-industrial progress can be firmly established only by state power because (a) market forces can push innovation in the same or similar techno-industrial sector but not in a distinct techno-scientific sphere; (b) high uncertainty and high-risk factors constrain the ability of market actors to invent new techno-scientific frontiers. Theoretically, this article is sceptical about the rationale of the neo-liberal ‘minimalist state’ and argues for an enhanced but transformed role of the state in supporting the techno-scientific regime formation. It provides empirical evidence from the experiences of the transforming Korean state. This article argues that the vast policy experience of the Korean State in engineering the ‘economic miracle on the Han River’ can be utilised to establish a distinct techno-scientific regime that can help create a new techno-industrial sector.
ABCG2 expression, function, and promoter methylation in human multiple myeloma
Authors: Turner Joel G. , Gump Jana L. , Zhang Chunchun , Cook James M. , Marchion Douglas , Hazlehurst Lori , Munster Pamela , Schell Michael J. , Dalton William S. , Sullivan Daniel M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe investigated the role of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Human MM cell lines, and MM patient plasma cells isolated from bone marrow, were evaluated for ABCG2 mRNA expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ABCG2 protein, by Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. ABCG2 function was determined by measuring topotecan and doxorubicin efflux using flow cytometry, in the presence and absence of the specific ABCG2 inhibitor, tryprostatin A. The methylation of the ABCG2 promoter was determined using bisulfite sequencing. We found that ABCG2 expression in myeloma cell lines increased after exposure to topotecan and doxorubicin, and was greater in logphase cells when compared with quiescent cells. Myeloma patients treated with topotecan had an increase in ABCG2 mRNA and protein expression after treatment with topotecan, and at relapse. Expression of ABCG2 is regulated, at least in part, by promoter methylation both in cell lines and in patient plasma cells. Demethylation of the promoter increased ABCG2 mRNA and protein expression. These findings suggest that ABCG2 is expressed and functional in human myeloma cells, regulated by promoter methylation, affected by cell density, up-regulated in response to chemotherapy, and may contribute to intrinsic drug resistance.