bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Koilocytes in urinary cytology in a patient with kidney transplant
Authors: Altamirano Eugenia , Drut Ricardo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe are reporting the case of a 17‐year‐old girl with kidney transplant under immunosuppressive treatment. Evidences of transplant malfunction led to urinary cytology to rule out BKV infection. The smears showed the presence of koilocytes. Gynecologic examination revealed numerous condylomatous lesions in the vulva, vagina, and cervix. PAP smears showed cells with moderate to severe koilocytic dysplasia. PCR performed on material retrieved from both the smears showed HPV18 DNA sequences. Koilocytes have rarely been documented in urinary cytologic examination. Since post‐transplant immunosuppressed patients are prone to develop florid and extensive HPV infections, urinary cytology may prove useful for routine search of cells with this virus cytopathic effect. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:338–340. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytology of metastatic thymic well‐differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (thymic carcinoid) in pleural fluid: Report of a case
Authors: Cameron Stuart E. H. , Alsharif Mariam , McKeon Dan , Pambuccian Stefan E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThymic carcinoid tumors (well‐differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas) are uncommon anterior mediastinal neoplasms. These tumors are frequently accompanied by other endocrinopathies as part of a multiple endocrine neoplasia type I syndrome (MEN type I) and by paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome and have a poor prognosis. We present the case of a 24‐year‐old man who presented for follow‐up of thymic carcinoid with extensive bony metastases. He had recently completed radiotherapy to lesions involving his skull and mandible. An ultrasound‐guided left‐sided diagnostic and therapeutic thoracentesis was performed yielding 1 l of cloudy yellow fluid. The cytologic fluid preparations consisted of large “cannonballs” and atypical cell groups with salt and pepper nuclear chromatin. A panel of immunohistochemical stains were performed on the cell block material, and the atypical cells were positive for cytokeratin, synaptophysin, and chromogranin, but not for TTF1. These findings were consistent with metastatic well‐differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid tumor). This is the first reported case of a carcinoid tumor manifesting as large, spherical, smoothly contoured cell aggregates (“cannonballs”) in a pleural fluid. Despite its rarity, a metastatic carcinoid tumor should be considered when “cannonballs” are found in effusions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:333–337. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The rescue of developing avian motoneurons from programmed cell death by a selective inhibitor of the fetal muscle‐specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Oppenheim Ronald W. , Calderó Jordi , Cuitat Doloros , Esquerda Josep , McArdle Joseph J. , Olivera Baldomero M. , Prevette David , Teichert Russell W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn an attempt to determine whether the rescue of developing motoneurons (MNS) from programmed cell death (PCD) in the chick embryo following reductions in neuromuscular function involves muscle or neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), we have employed a novel cone snail toxin αA‐OIVA that acts selectively to antagonize the embryonic/fetal form of muscle nAChRs. The results demonstrate that αA‐OIVA is nearly as effective as curare or α‐bungarotoxin (α‐BTX) in reducing neuromuscular function and is equally effective in increasing MN survival and intramuscular axon branching. Together with previous reports, we also provide evidence consistent with a transition between the embryonic/fetal form to the adult form of muscle nAChRs in chicken that involves the loss of the gamma subunit in the adult receptor. We conclude that selective inhibition of the embryonic/fetal form of the chicken muscle nAChR is sufficient to rescue MNs from PCD without any involvement of neuronal nAChRs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Sex differences in brain developing in the presence or absence of gonads
Authors: Büdefeld Tomaz , Grgurevic Neza , Tobet Stuart A. , Majdic Gregor 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBrain sexual differentiation results from the interaction of genetic and hormonal influences. This study used a unique agonadal mouse model to determine relative contributions of genetic and gonadal hormone influences in the differentiation of selected brain regions. SF‐1 knockout (SF‐1 KO) mice are born without gonads and adrenal glands and are not exposed to endogenous sex steroids during fetal/neonatal development. Consequently, male and female SF‐1 KO mice are born with female external genitalia and if left on their own, die shortly after birth due to adrenal insufficiency. In this study, SF‐1 KO mice were rescued by neonatal adrenal transplantation to examine their brain morphology in adult life. To determine potential brain loci that might mediate functional sex differences, we examined the area and distribution of immunoreactive calbindin and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the preoptic area (POA) and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, two areas previously reported to be sexually dimorphic in the mammalian brain. A sex difference in the positioning of cells containing immunoreactive calbindin in a group within the POA was clearly gonad dependent based on the elimination of the sex difference in SF‐1 KO mice. Several other differences in the area of ventromedial hypothalamus and in POA were maintained in male and female SF‐1 KO mice, suggesting gonad‐independent genetic influences on sexually dimorphic brain development. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Normal adult climbing fiber monoinnervation of cerebellar Purkinje cells in mice lacking MHC class I molecules
Authors: Letellier Mathieu , Willson Melina L. , Gautheron Vanessa , Mariani Jean , Lohof Ann M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSome immune system proteins have recently been implicated in the development and plasticity of neuronal connections. Notably, proteins of the major histocompatibility complex 1 (MHC class 1) have been shown to be involved in synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and the development of projection patterns in the visual system. We examined the possible role for the MHC class 1 proteins in one well‐characterized example of synaptic exuberance and subsequent refinement, the climbing fiber (CF) to Purkinje cell (PC) synapse. Cerebella from adult mice deficient for two MHC genes, H2‐D1 and H2‐K1, and for β2‐microglobulin gene were examined for evidence of deficient elimination of supernumerary CF synapses on their PCs. Electrophysiological and morphological evidence showed that, despite the absence of these MHC class 1 molecules, adult PCs in these transgenic mice are monoinnervated as in wild‐type animals. These findings indicate that, at the level of restriction of afferent number at this synapse, functional MHC class 1 proteins are not required. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Studies of thioguanine‐resistant lymphocytes induced by in vivo irradiation of mice
Authors: Jones Irene M. , Burkhart‐Schultz Karolyn , Strout Cheryl L. , Nelson David O. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe frequency of Hprt‐deficient lymphocytes in mice after in vivo γ irradiation, has been found to vary as a function of time elapsed after exposure and irradiation dose. The frequency of mutant lymphocytes in spleen was determined using an in vitro, clonogenic assay for thioguanine‐resistant T‐lymphocytes. Mice were exposed to single doses of 0–400 cGy from cesium‐137 or to eight daily doses of 50 cGy. The time to maximum‐induced mutant frequency was 3 weeks. The dose response was strikingly curvilinear at 3–5 weeks after irradiation, but less precisely defined for 10–53 weeks after exposure, being fit by either linear or quadratic dependence. Three weeks after eight daily 50 cGy exposures, mutant frequency was elevated above controls and mice exposed to 50 cGy (which were not distinct from the nonirradiated controls), but only 17% in that of mice given a single 400 cGy fraction. This fractionation effect and the curvilinearity of the early dose–response curve suggested that saturation of repair increased the yield of mutations at higher acute doses. The decline of spleen mutant frequency in mice observed between 5 and 10 weeks after irradiation may reflect selection against some mutants. The marked variation of mutant frequency, as a function of time after irradiation and of dose rate, emphasize the need to evaluate these variables carefully and consistently in future studies. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic biomarkers for prenatal bisphenol A—Exposure in mouse immune organs
Authors: Yang Mihi , Lee Ho‐Sun , Pyo Myoung‐Yun 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMany investigators have encountered difficulty in clarifying the risks of exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical in epidemiological studies or animal experiments. In the present study, we developed biomarkers of BPA‐induced proteomic alterations in immune organs of mouse offspring that were prenatally exposed to BPA (15 and 300 mg/L of drinking water; they were exposed to 8.9 ± 1.8 mg of BPA/kg/day and 171.1 ± 16.8 mg of BPA/kg/day, respectively) that were evaluated in terms of sex, age, and BPA‐exposure levels. We performed 2D‐gel analyses of samples from various tissues (thymus and spleen), exposure levels, sex, and ages (3‐ and 7‐week‐old) (N = 48), and found seven proteins that were altered in a BPA dose‐dependent manner. Among them, we further studiedapo‐AI, DPPIII, and VAT1, which are suspected to be associated with endocrine disorders. By performing Western blots, we confirmed BPA upregulation of all three proteins. Moreover, the apo‐AI mRNA levels were increased in a BPA dose‐dependent manner in 3‐ and 7‐week‐old female mice. Females and young offspring were somewhat more sensitive to protein alterations than others. Our study, which is based on proteome analyses, suggests that apo‐AI, DPPIII, and VAT represent protein biomarkers for BPA and provide useful mechanistic clues for BPA‐induced endocrine disruption. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity of hEXO1 by 8‐oxoguanine
Authors: McDowell Heather D. , Carney James P. , Wilson Teresa M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe mismatch repair pathway is responsible for maintaining genomic stability by correcting base‐base mismatches and insertion/deletion loops that arise mainly via replication errors. Additionally, the mismatch repair pathway performs a central role in the cellular response to both alkylation and reactive oxygen species induced DNA damage. An important step in mismatch processing is the recruitment of hEXO1, a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease, by hMSH2‐hMSH6 to remove the nascent DNA strand. However, very little is currently known about the capacity of hEXO1 to exonucleolytically process damaged DNA bases. Therefore, we examined whether hEXO1 can degrade double‐stranded DNA substrates containing alkylated or oxidized nucleotides. Our results demonstrated that hEXO1 is capable of degrading duplex DNA containing an O6‐methylguanine (O6‐meG) adduct paired with either a C or a T. Additionally, the hMSH2‐hMSH6 complex stimulated hEXO1 exonuclease activity on the O6‐meG/T and O6‐meG/C DNA substrates. In contrast, hEXO1 exonuclease activity was significantly blocked by the presence of an 8‐oxoguanine adduct in both single and double stranded DNA substrates. Further, hMSH2‐hMSH6 was not able to alleviate the nucleolytic block caused by the 8‐oxoguanine adduct in heteroduplex DNA. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles trigger p53‐mediated damage response in peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Kang Su Jin , Kim Byeong Mo , Lee Young Joon , Chung Hai Won 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano‐TiO2) are widely used as a photocatalyst in air and water remediation. These nanoparticles are known to induce toxicity; however, their cytotoxic mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of nano‐TiO2‐induced cytotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes. We examined the genotoxic effects of nano‐TiO2 in lymphocytes using alkaline single‐cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) and cytokinesis‐block micronucleus (CBMN) assays. Lymphocytes treated with nano‐TiO2 showed significantly increased micronucleus formation and DNA breakage. Western‐blot analysis to identify proteins involved in the p53‐mediated response to DNA damage revealed the accumulation of p53 and activation of DNA damage checkpoint kinases in nano‐TiO2‐treated lymphocytes. However, p21 and bax, downstream targets of p53, were not affected, indicating that nano‐TiO2 does not stimulate transactivational activity of p53. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in nano‐TiO2‐treated cells was also observed, andN‐acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation inhibited the level of nano‐TiO2‐induced DNA damage. Given that ROS‐induced DNA damage leads to p53 activation in the DNA damage response, our results suggest that nano‐TiO2 induces ROS generation in lymphocytes, thereby activating p53‐mediated DNA damage checkpoint signals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capacity of sparse wideband channels with partial channel feedback
Authors: Hariharan Gautham , Raghavan Vasanthan , Sayeed Akbar M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper studies the ergodic capacity of wideband multipath channels with partial/limited channel state feedback. Our work builds on recent results that show a significant capacity gain in the wideband/low‐SNR regime when there is perfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter and the receiver, relative to the case of perfect CSI at the receiver only. Furthermore, this benchmark capacity gain can be achieved with just one bit of feedback per channel coefficient. However, the input signals used in these works are peaky; that is, they have large peak‐to‐average power ratios. Signal peakiness requirement is related to channel coherence and many recent measurement campaigns show that, in contrast to previous assumptions, wideband channels exhibit a sparse multipath structure that naturally leads to coherence in time and frequency. In this work, we show that multipath sparsity significantly relaxes the requirement of peaky signalling in attaining the capacity gains with channel state feedback. First, we show that the benchmark capacity gain, with perfect CSI at the transmitter and the receiver, is achievable even under an instantaneous power constraint. In the more realistic non‐coherent setting, we study the performance of a training‐based signalling scheme with one bit of feedback per channel coefficient. We show that multipath sparsity can be leveraged to achieve the benchmark capacity gain under both average as well as instantaneous power constraints as long as the channel coherence scales at a sufficiently fast rate with the signal space dimension (time‐bandwidth product). We also present guidelines for choosing signalling parameters as a function of the channel sparsity parameters to maximally exploit channel state feedback for capacity gains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct resequencing of the completeERBB2coding sequence reveals an absence of activating mutations inERBB2amplified breast cancer
Authors: Zito Christina I. , Riches David , Kolmakova Julia , Simons Jan , Egholm Michael , Stern David F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGene amplification is among the most common genetic abnormalities that cause cancer. One of the most clinically important gene amplifications in human cancer causes extensive reduplication ofERBB2. A variety of cancers also occasionally harbor somatic mutations inERBB2. Gene amplification and activating mutations both have predictive value for clinical response to targeted inhibitors. Since the number of gene copies in an amplicon may exceed 100, and since amplicons may encompass multiple genes, high‐resolution analysis of gene amplifications poses considerable technical challenges. We have overcome this obstacle by using emulsion‐based resequencing to determine the sequence of many independently‐amplified individual DNA molecules in parallel. We used this high throughput sequencing technology to analyzeERBB2mutational status in fiveERBB2amplified cell lines (four breast, one ovarian) and two breast tumors. Genomic DNA was isolated and the 28 exons ofERBB2were independently amplified. Amplicons were then pooled at equimolar ratios, subjected to emulsion PCR (emPCR) and finally to picotiter plate pyrosequencing. High‐quality sequence data were obtained for all amplicons analyzed and no activating mutations withinERBB2were identified. Although we did not find activating mutations within the multiple copies ofERBB2in these samples, the results establish the utility of this technology as a feasible and cost‐effective approach for high resolution analysis of amplified genes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enigmatic sedimentary–volcanic successions in the central European Variscides: a Cambrian/Early Ordovician age for the Wojcieszów Limestone (Kaczawa Mountains, SW Poland) indicated by SHRIMP dating of volcanic zircons
Authors: Kryza Ryszard , Zalasiewicz Jan , Rodionov Nikolay 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMetamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary successions in the central European Variscides are, in many areas, poorly biostratigraphically constrained, making palaeotectonic interpretations uncertain. In such instances, geochronological data are crucial. Sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) dating of volcanic zircons from a quartz–white mica schist (interpreted as deformed metavolcaniclastic/epiclastic rock) within the stratigraphically controversial Wojcieszów Limestone of the Kaczawa Mountains (Sudetes, SW Poland), near to the eastern termination of the European Variscides, has yielded an age of 498 ± 5 Ma (2σ error), corresponding to late Cambrian to early Ordovician magmatism in that area and constraining the depositional age of the limestones. The new SHRIMP data are not consistent with the recent revision of the age of the Wojcieszów Limestone based on Foraminifera findings that ascribed them to a Late Ordovician—Silurian or even younger interval. They are though, consistent with sparse macrofossil data and strongly support earlier interpretations of the lower part of the Kaczawa Mountains succession as a Cambrian–Early Ordovician extensional basin‐fill with associated initial rift volcanic rocks, likely emplaced during the breakup of Gondwana. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic flow cytometry for low‐grade myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Ogata Kiyoyuki 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIt has long been considered that flow cytometry (FCM) has little role in clinical practice in the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, recent advances in the analytical method and knowledge of MDS FCM are changing this stereotype. This paper reviews the concept and current status of FCM in the diagnosis of low‐grade MDS. The diagnosis of low‐grade MDS in the absence of ringed sideroblasts and chromosomal aberration is not always straightforward, and a report from a recent international working conference has proposed FCM as an adjunctive diagnostic test for such cases. Currently, only a limited number of laboratories are applying FCM to the diagnosis of MDS. Furthermore, standard analytical methods in FCM for MDS have not been established, and no single FCM parameter is sufficiently sensitive and specific to make the diagnosis of MDS. To establish MDS FCM as a widely accepted, dependable diagnostic tool, prospective studies should increase flow parameters that can be analysed reproducibly and determine their sensitivity and specificity, either alone or in combination. CD34+ cell‐related parameters that are applicable for diagnosing low‐grade MDS in many laboratories are introduced here. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What's in a choice? Ethical, cultural and social dimensions of sex selection in China
Authors: Döring Ole 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the situation of sex selection in China and the related ethical debate, from the perspective of philosophical ethics. It begins with a discussion of the analytical‐bioethical standard approach to sex selection, and explains, why it is methodologically inadequate as well as ethically barren. It gives a summarizing account of the empirical status of sex‐selection in China, building on empirical studies about the phenomenon of “missing girls” and gender discrimination, and analyzes the relevant cultural and ethical circumstances. It introduces the recent governance measures and elaborates the ethical discussion in China. The paper concludes with a reflection on sex‐selection in China, and eugenics. The main thesis is that, in contemporary China, it would be inappropriate to assess the issues of sex selection in terms of “freedom of choice” or as an “individual's right to independent procreative decision making”. Hence, it argues, any attempt to declare the de facto practice in China on face value as an expression of individual, social or cultural self‐determination is fundamentally flawed, would be unsympathetic to the affected population and could merely support political and social apologetics. Whereas we cannot draw much advice from China about proper sex‐selection, discussion of the Chinese situation re‐emphasizes the pertinent ethical perspective, as a universal humanitarian concern.
The ‘fresh start’ for individual debtors: social, moral and practical issues
Authors: van Apeldoorn Jan C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe concept of a “fresh start” for individual debtors has been introduced in the Netherlands in 1998. Until then a natural person could be pursued for the debts he could not pay indefinitely. Their position was not different from the unfortunate debtors in many European countries to day. The entrance to the “fresh start‐ procedure” in the Netherlands is surrounded by impediments, the access is linked to the debtor in good faith, but after three years the fresh start comprises all debts (except student loans), none excluded. In the United States the fresh start doctrine is long established law, the entrance is easy, but many debts may be excluded. Because of public dissatisfaction in both countries the concept has changed. In the Netherlands many debts may now be excluded from the fresh start and in the United States a means test has been introduced. The two concepts of a fresh start for the natural person in both countries, originally so differnt in approach, now converged. Will the twain meet? Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.