bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of AnnAGNPS and SWAT model simulation results in USDA‐CEAP agricultural watersheds in south‐central Kansas
Authors: Parajuli Prem B. , Nelson Nathan O. , Frees Lyle D. , Mankin Kyle R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study was conducted under the USDA‐Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) in the Cheney Lake watershed in south‐central Kansas. The Cheney Lake watershed has been identified as ‘impaired waters’ under Section 303(d) of the Federal Clean Water Act for sediments and total phosphorus. The USDA‐CEAP seeks to quantify environmental benefits of conservation programmes on water quality by monitoring and modelling. Two of the most widely used USDA watershed‐scale models are Annualized AGricultural Non‐Point Source (AnnAGNPS) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The objectives of this study were to compare hydrology, sediment, and total phosphorus simulation results from AnnAGNPS and SWAT in separate calibration and validation watersheds. Models were calibrated in Red Rock Creek watershed and validated in Goose Creek watershed, both sub‐watersheds of the Cheney Lake watershed. Forty‐five months (January 1997 to September 2000) of monthly measured flow and water quality data were used to evaluate the two models. Both models generally provided from fair to very good correlation and model efficiency for simulating surface runoff and sediment yield during calibration and validation (correlation coefficient; R2, from 0·50 to 0·89, Nash Sutcliffe efficiency index, E, from 0·47 to 0·73, root mean square error, RMSE, from 0·25 to 0·45 m3 s−1 for flow, from 158 to 312 Mg for sediment yield). Total phosphorus predictions from calibration and validation of SWAT indicated good correlation and model efficiency (R2 from 0·60 to 0·70, E from 0·63 to 0·68) while total phosphorus predictions from validation of AnnAGNPS were from unsatisfactory to very good (R2 from 0·60 to 0·77, E from − 2·38 to 0·32). The root mean square error–observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) was estimated as excellent (from 0·08 to 0·25) for the all model simulated parameters during the calibration and validation study. The percentage bias (PBIAS) of the model simulated parameters varied from unsatisfactory to excellent (from 128 to 3). This study determined SWAT to be the most appropriate model for this watershed based on calibration and validation results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy of CuInP2Se6 crystals
Authors: Macutkevic Jan , Banys Juras , Vysochanskii Yulian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractInvestigation results of broadband dielectric (from 20 Hz to 1.2 GHz) properties of layered CuInP2Se6 crystals are presented. The temperature dependence of the static dielectric permittivity reveals a ferroelectric phase transition at Tc = 225 K. In the paraelectric phase, at low frequencies, dielectric spectra are highly influenced by the high ionic con‐ ductivity with the activation energy of 3653.4 K (0.315 eV). In the ferroelectric phase the electrical conductivity and its activation energy (531.1 K (0.045 eV)) are considerably smaller. The high‐frequency part of the spectra is determined by a relaxational soft mode. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genetic diversity in captive and wild Matschie's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) from Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea, based on mtDNA control region sequences
Authors: McGreevy Thomas J. , Dabek Lisa , Gomez‐Chiarri Marta , Husband Thomas P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) Matschie's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) population is at a critical point for assessing long‐term viability. This population, established from 19 genetically uncharacterized D. matschiei, has endured a founder effect because only four individuals contributed the majority of offspring. The highly variable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was sequenced for five of the female‐founders by examining extant representatives of their maternal lineage and compared with wild (n=13) and captive (n=18) D. matschiei from Papua New Guinea (PNG). AZA female‐founder D. matschiei control region haplotype diversity was low, compared with captive D. matschiei held in PNG. AZA D. matschiei have only two control region haplotypes because four out of five AZA female‐founder D. matschiei had an identical sequence. Both AZA haplotypes were identified among the 17 wild and captive D. matschiei haplotypes from PNG. Genomic DNA extracted from wild D. matschiei fecal samples was a reliable source of mtDNA that could be used for a larger scale study. We recommend a nuclear DNA genetic analysis to more fully characterize AZA D. matschiei genetic diversity and to assist their Species Survival Plan®. An improved understanding of D. matschiei genetics will contribute substantially to the conservation of these unique animals both in captivity and the wild. Zoo Biol 28:183–196, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Sulfated Sodium Salts of 1‐Alkylamino‐3‐alkyloxy‐2‐propanols and N,N‐Di‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐alkyloxy propyl) Alkylamines as Potential Surfactants
Authors: Karuna M. S. L. , Devi B. L. A. P. , Prasad P. S. S. , Prasad R. B. N. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract1‐Alkylamino‐3‐alkyloxy‐2‐propanols, V (a–g) and N,N‐di‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐alkyloxy propyl) alkylamines, VI (a–g) were prepared with the same chain length both for alkyl amino and alkyloxy groups by condensation of alkyl glycidyl ethers with long chain alkylamines by employing thermal and microwave‐assisted methods. All the products were characterized by 1H‐NMR, IR and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry studies. These compounds were further sulfated and evaluated as their sodium salts for surfactant properties namely surface tension, critical micelle concentration, emulsifying property, wetting, foaming power and calcium tolerance. Sulfated 1‐dodecylamino‐3‐dodecyloxy‐2‐propanol, VII c and sulfated N,N‐di‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐dodecyloxy propyl) dodecylamine, VIII c were found to exhibit superior surfactant properties among the respective series of monomers and dimers.
Activation of T‐Lymphocytes by LDL‐Cholesterol
Authors: Arneth Borros 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNative LDL‐cholesterol can be mechanically stressed by strong vortexing. According to one hypothesis, mechanical shear stress within the vessel can lead to an aggregation of LDL‐cholesterol and subsequently to activation of CD4 and CD8 T‐lymphocytes. The goal of this study was to determine the proportion of activated CD4 and CD8 T‐lymphocytes that is induced by adding unstressed and mechanically stressed LDL‐cholesterol to whole blood samples. Whole blood was taken from 12 healthy subjects. All probands fasted for at least 12 h before blood withdrawal. In each case, 1 ml of whole blood from each subject was incubated for 16 h at 32 °C (89.3 °F) with concanavalin A (A), without additive (B), with mechanically stressed LDL‐cholesterol (C) or with native LDL‐cholesterol (D). Subsequently, the samples were measured by four‐color flow cytometry. CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD69 were measured as activity markers. CD69 was plotted against CD4 and CD8, and the proportions of activated CD4 and CD8 T‐lymphocytes were determined. Native and vortexed LDL‐cholesterol elicited significantly different types of T‐cell activation. While native LDL activated CD4 T‐cells to only a small extent, mechanically stressed (vortexed) LDL potently activated CD8 T‐cells. Purely mechanically‐induced changes in LDL‐cholesterol may be one mechanism that contributes to the activation of CD8 cells and, as a consequence, the emergence of arteriosclerosis.
Chemical Composition of Turkish Olive Oil––Ayvalik
Authors: Andjelkovic M. , Acun S. , Van Hoed V. , Verhé R. , Van Camp J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough large amounts of olive oil are produced in Turkey, not much information on its chemical composition is available in the literature to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of commercial olive oils produced from the Ayvalik olive cultivar in Canakkale, Turkey. Five different samples corresponding to the olive oil categories of extra virgin (conventional, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), and organic extra virgin olive oil (OGOO) production), virgin olive oil (OO‐1), ordinary virgin olive oil (OO‐2) and refined olive oil (RFOO) were evaluated. Olive oils were collected from two consecutive production years. According to the free fatty acids, the absorbance values (K232 and K270), and peroxide values of all the samples conformed to the European standards for olive oil. The level of oleic acid was in the range of 68–73%; while the linoleic acid content was significantly lower in the refined olive oils. The tocopherol and polyphenol content was in the lower range of some European olive oils. However, pinoresinol was a major phenolic compound (5–77 mg/kg depending on the oil category). Its content was markedly higher than in many other oils, which would be a useful finding for olive oil authentication purposes.
Antioxidative Properties of Curcuma longa Leaf Extract in Accelerated Oxidation and Deep Frying Studies
Authors: Mohd Nor Fatihanim , Mohamed Suhaila , Idris Nor Aini , Ismail Razali 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe antioxidative properties of Curcuma longa (turmeric) leaf extract were evaluated in refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein using accelerated oxidation and deep frying studies at 180 °C for up to 40 h. The extract was capable of retarding oil oxidation and deterioration significantly (P < 0.05) at 0.2% concentration, better than 0.02% BHT for the Oxidative Stability Index (OSI) in an accelerated oxidation study and also the peroxide value in deep frying studies. In sensory evaluation, the French fries were acceptable and were not significantly different (P < 0.05) from one another for color, oiliness and crispiness throughout the 40‐h frying study. Curcuma longa leaf extract, which had a polyphenol content of 116.3 ± 0.2 mg/g, possessed heat‐stable antioxidant properties and may be a good natural alternative to existing synthetic antioxidants in the food industry.
Embryonic stem (ES) cell‐derived cardiomyocytes: A good candidate for cell therapy applications
Authors: Pal Rajarshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDuring the last decade, embryonic stem cells (ESC) have unleashed new avenues in the field of developmental biology and emerged as a potential tool to understand the molecular mechanisms taking place during the process of differentiation from the embryonic stage to adult phenotype. Their uniqueness lies in retaining the capacity of unlimited proliferation and to differentiate into all somatic cells. Together with promising results from rodent models, ESC has raised great hope among for human ESC‐based cell replacement therapy. ESC could potentially revolutionize medicine by providing a powerful and renewable cell source capable of replacing or repairing tissues that have been damaged in almost all degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, myocardial infarction (MI) and diabetes. Somatic stem cells are an attractive option to explore for transplantation because they are autologous, but their differentiation potential is very limited. Currently, the major sources of somatic cells used for basic research and clinical trials come from bone marrow. But their widespread acceptability has not been gained because many of the results are confusing and inconsistent. The focus here is on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), using methods to induce their differentiation to cardiomyocytes in vitro. Their properties in relation to primary human cardiomyocytes and their ability to integrate into host myocardium have been investigated into how they can enhance cardiac function. However, important aspects of stem cell biology and the transplantation process remain unresolved. In summary, this review updates the recent progress of ES cell research in cell therapy, discusses the problems in the practical utility of ESC, and evaluates how far this adjunctive experimental approach can be successful.
The Failure of Feminism? Young Women and the Bourgeois Feminist Movement in Weimar Germany 1918–1933
Authors: Harvey Elizabeth 
Published: December 2008

In a pamphlet published in 1932 entitled “Women's Status and Women's Vocation,” the chairwoman of the German Women Teachers' Association, Emmy Beckmann, looked back at how the position of women in German society had developed since the founding of the Weimar Republic. She painted a pessimistic picture:It is well known how things have developed since the Weimar Constitution came into force. How little it has been possible for women to make their views and their goals count in the machinery of party politics, which quickly srestabilized itself and slipped back into old patterns; how soon the rise of unemployment made women's paid employment come to be viewed merely in terms of competition. At the same time, a new generation of women has grown up, equipped with the education which a previous generation had fought for so hard, and with new rights and freedoms. These young women now see the tasks and lifestyle which await them as an unwanted burden and responsibility, a cold and empty substitute for the fulfillment to be gained from a peaceful home and the close family ties of husband, wife, and child. And, just as among the German people generally over the last ten years the concepts of liberty and the individual personality have faded like waning stars in the firmament of our values while other stars have begun to outshine them, so for these young women the ideal of liberation into a condition of enlightened humanity, which the previous generation followed with such conviction, has faded away.
Germany, 1890–1918: A Survey of Recent Research
Authors: Sheehan James J. 
Published: December 2008

On New Year's Eve 1890 Hildegard, Baroness von Spitzemberg recorded these reflections in her diary:The end of 1890: the year in which Bismarck left the global stage, not called by death but dismissed against his will. That in itself would be sufficient to make this year unforgettable; who knows if this experience, this past year will become a milestone in German history.… We confront the last decade of the century under the banner of a new generation which rushes with full sail into the heavy sea of time, its impetuous emperor prematurely in command. Towards what? That we may know all too soon—or better all too late—when the reefs rise threateningly before us and there is no experienced mariner at the helm.
The World of the Polyhistors: Humanism and Encyclopedism
Authors: Grafton Anthony 
Published: December 2008

In 1713 and 1715 Johann Burkhard Mencke subjected the scholars of the Holy Roman Empire to a searching examination. They failed it. His two speeches “On the Charlatanry of the Learned”—best sellers wherever they were not banned—ridiculed the minds and the mores of the polyhistors with equal zest. Mencke anatomized their love for overblown titles:Today … you see many demanding to be called Clarissimus who are absolutely unknown outside the walls of their city; Magnificus, who have scarcely any dignity at home; Consultissimus, who have little or no advice to give: and Excellentissimus, who do not know as much about anything worth knowing as the veriest tyro.
QUIVERS, LONG EXACT SEQUENCES AND HORN TYPE INEQUALITIES II
Authors: CHINDRIS CALIN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe study the set of all m-tuples (λ(1), . . ., λ(m)) of possible types of finite abelian p-groups Mλ(1), . . ., Mλ(m) for which there exists a long exact sequence Mλ(1) → ⋅⋅⋅ → Mλ(m). When m=3, we recover W. Fulton's (Eigenvalues of majorized Hermitian matrices and Littlewood-Richardson coefficients (Special Issue: Workshop on Geometric and combinatorial Methods in the Hermitian Sum Spectral Problem), Linear Algebra Appl. 319(1–3) (2000), 23–36) results on the possible eigenvalues of majorized Hermitian matrices.
CONSTANT SCALAR CURVATURE HYPERSURFACES WITH SECOND-ORDER UMBILICITY
Authors: COLARES ANTONIO GERVASIO , ECHAIZ-ESPINOZA FERNANDO ENRIQUE 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe extend the concept of umbilicity to higher order umbilicity in Riemannian manifolds saying that an isometric immersion is k-umbilical when APk−1(A) is a multiple of the identity, where Pk(A) is the kth Newton polynomial in the second fundamental form A with P0(A) being the identity. Thus, for k=1, one-umbilical coincides with umbilical. We determine the principal curvatures of the two-umbilical isometric immersions in terms of the mean curvatures. We give a description of the two-umbilical isometric immersions in space forms which includes the product of spheres $S^{k}(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}})\times S^{k}(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}})$ embedded in the Euclidean sphere S2k+1 of radius 1. We also introduce an operator φk which measures how an isometric immersion fails to be k-umbilical, giving in particular that φ1 ≡ 0 if and only if the immersion is totally umbilical. We characterize the two-umbilical hypersurfaces of a space form as images of isometric immersions of Einstein manifolds.
COMPACT TOEPLITZ OPERATORS WITH CONTINUOUS SYMBOLS
Authors: LE TRIEU 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFor any rotation-invariant positive regular Borel measure ν on the closed unit ball $\overline{\mathbb{B}}_n$ whose support contains the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}_n$, let L2a be the closure in L2 = L2($\overline{\mathbb{B}}_n, dν) of all analytic polynomials. For a bounded Borel function f on $\overline{\mathbb{B}}_n$, the Toeplitz operator Tf is defined by Tf(ϕ) = P(fϕ) for ϕ ∈ L2a, where P is the orthogonal projection from L2 onto L2a. We show that if f is continuous on $\overline{\mathbb{B}}_n$, then Tf is compact if and only if f(z) = 0 for all z on the unit sphere. This is well known when L2a is replaced by the classical Bergman or Hardy space.
Diagnosis of schistosomiasis using recombinant fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from a Formosan strain ofSchistosoma japonicum
Authors: Peng S.-Y. , Tsaihong J.C. , Fan P.-C. , Lee K.-M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSchistosoma japonicumobtained from Taiwan is a zoophilic strain that only infects domestic and small animals. Recombinant fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA) derived from this strain was used as an antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of human schistosomiasis. The full-length DNA sequence of FBPA was found to be 1092 bp, encoding a protein of 363 amino acid residues, with a molecular mass of 39.6 kDa. A total of 120 participants were recruited from China and Taiwan to evaluate the diagnostic value of this recombinant protein. In these participants, 34 were found to be infected withS. japonicum, 16 withAscaris lumbricoides, 15 with hookworm, 13 withParagonimus westermaniand 13 withClonorchis sinensis, whereas 29 had no ova on faecal examination. Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant FBPA reacts strongly with schistosome ova-positive sera. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA with FBPA were found to be 85.3% and 93.0%, respectively. These results indicate that FBPA derived from the Formosan strain ofS. japonicumcan be used for the diagnosis of human schistosomiasis.
Patronage, Paternalism, and Welfare: Masters, Workers, and Magistrates in Eighteenth-Century England
Authors: Hay Douglas 
Published: December 2008

Paternalism is a construct that continues to be used by historians of eighteenth-century English society. As an explanatory or exploratory term it does resonate with some of the inflections in the sources, particularly those dealing with the mediation of class relations by the prototypical country gentleman justice of the peace, that denizen of countless novels, and the subject of much historical research over the last thirty years. Paternalism, in the sense of a putative concern for the welfare of the working poor, provided they kept within bounds, was certainly the announced creed of many better- and lesser-known philanthropic gentlemen of the period, and we can find (apparent) plebeian celebrations of the belief:God bless Lord Dudley WardHe knows as times been hard.He called back the sodgermen,And we'll never riot again,Na boys, no boys, no the brave Dudley boys.
Structure, behavior, and function of complex systems: The structure, behavior, and function modeling language
Authors: Goel Ashok K. , Rugaber Spencer , Vattam Swaroop 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTeleological modeling is fundamental to understanding and explaining many complex systems, especially engineered systems. Research on engineering design and problem solving has developed several ontologies for expressing teleology, for example, functional representation, function–behavior–structure, and structure–behavior–function (SBF). In this paper, we view SBF as a programming language. SBF models of engineering systems have been used in several computer programs for automated design and problem solving. The SBF language captures the expressive power of the earlier programs and provides a basis for interactive construction of SBF models. We provide a precise specification of the SBF language. We also describe an interactive model construction tool called SBFAuthor.
A dynamic knowledge modeler
Authors: Harrison Robert , Chan Christine W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper presents the development and application of a software tool for modeling knowledge to be used in knowledge-based systems or the Semantic Web. The inferential modeling technique, which is a technique for modeling the static and dynamic knowledge elements of a problem domain, provided the basis for the tool. A survey of existing knowledge modeling tools revealed they typically failed to provide support in four main areas: support for an ontological engineering methodology or technique, support for dynamic knowledge modeling, support for dynamic knowledge testing, and support for ontology management. Dyna, a Protégé plug-in, has been developed, which supports the Inferential Modeling Technique, dynamic knowledge modeling, and dynamic knowledge testing. Protégé and Dyna are applied for constructing an ontological model in the domain of selecting a remediation technology for petroleum contaminated sites. Dynamic knowledge testing in Dyna enabled creation of a more complete knowledge model.