bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies directed against rat tracheal epithelial cells transformed in vitro
Authors: Braslawsky Gary R. , Kennel Stephen J. , Hand R. E. , Nettesheim Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCloned hybridoma cell lines were obtained by fusion of murine myeloma cells with spleen lymphocytes of either F344 rats or BALB/c mice immunized against the malignant F344 tracheal cell line, 2–10–1. Monoclonal antibodies were selected for their ability to bind to the immunizing cell line and not to normal tracheal epithelial cells. Results from quantitative binding assays indicated that such monoclonal antibodies recognized six epitopes. Each epitope was detected on four other malignant tracheal epithelial cell lines, and was also expressed during early preneoplastic cell passages (i.e. before the cells acquired the ability to produce carcinomas in vivo). Quantitative differences in epitope expression between non‐tumorigenic and tumorigenic passages of individual cell lines could not be detected for five of the epitope groups. However, two monoclonal antibodies, recognizing the same epitope, did show quantitative binding differences between non‐tumorigenic and tumorigenic cell passages on three of the five cell lines tested. Our results show that carcinogenaltered tracheal cell populations can be distinguished from non‐altered cells (by our current assay methods) by use of monoclonal antibodies. The suggest that the antigen expression is an early event associated with the transformation of rat tracheal epithelial cells in culture.
Age at first birth and breast atypia
Authors: Hsieh Chung‐Cheng , Walker Alexander M. , Trapido Edward J. , Crosson Ann W. , Macmahon Brian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relation between age at first birth and the occurrence of fibrocystic breast disease of different atypia subtypes was evaluated using data from a cohort study of the health effects of oral‐contraceptive use. Multivariate case‐control analysis was performed on 218 parous women with biopsied fibrocystic disease and 928 parous controls. Fibrocystic breast disease, as a whole and as atypia subtypes, was found to be unrelated to age at first birth. Furthermore, the estimated effect of age at first birth did not vary from one atypia subtype to another. Women with high parity were found to be at decreased risk of fibrocystic breast disease compared to those with low parity. Age at completion of education, used as an indicator of socio‐economic status, was found to be moderately associated with fibrocystic breast disease. The estimated effect of parity and age at completion of education also did not vary among subtypes. More epidemiologic studies specific to histopathologic classifications of benign breast disease are called for.
The serologically unique cell surface antigen of zajdela ascitic hepatoma is also its tumor‐associated transplantation antigen
Authors: Srivastava Pramod K. , Das M. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA unique cell surface antigen of a chemically induced rat hepatoma (Zajdela Ascitic Hepatoma, ZAH) has been identified serologically and purified to apparent homogeneity. ZAH cells, when injected subcutaneously or intradermally into syngeneic hosts, elicit a weak humoral antibody response directed against a single cell surface antigen. In spite of prolonged and extensive immunization, the syngeneic anti‐tumor antibodies are solely of the IgM class. Antisera from such immunized animals lyse tumor cells in the presence of complement. These observations were utilized in developing methods for the identification and purification of the antigen. It was observed that administration of purified preparations of this antigen confers ZAH‐specific tumor immunity in syngeneic animals. Hence the serologically unique antigen is also the tumor‐associated transplantation antigen (TATA) of this tumor. This the first reported purification of a TATA from a rat tumor. There is considerable earlier evidence for the existence of tumor‐associated factors which elicit a strong suppressor‐cell response in tumor‐bearing rats. The availability of the purified TATA from a rat tumor provides, for the first time, a handle for the identification and further characterization of such molecular species.
Purification of a specific inhibitor of reverse transcriptase from human placenta
Authors: Leong Joann C. , Wood Scott O. , Lyford Arthur O. , Levy Jay A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman placental extracts contain a factor which specifically and reversibly inhibits the reverse transcriptase of mammalian retroviruses. This placental inhibitor has been partially purified and characterized. It elutes at 0.1–0.2 M phosphate on hydroxyapatite chromatography and can be further purified by phosphocellulose chromatography where it elutes at 0.4 M KCl. By these purification procedures, specific activities of 40–70,000 units of inhibitor per mg of protein were obtained. The size of the inhibitor is about 60–65,000 daltons as estimated by velocity sedimentation. The inhibitor purified by these techniques selectively inhibits the activity of purified reverse transcriptase from Rauscher murine leukemia virus and baboon endogenous virus. It is substantially less active against the reverse transcriptase of avian myeloblastosis virus. The specificity of this inhibitor for mammalian enzymes and particularly for the human placental reverse transcriptase suggests that it plays a role in the regulation of DNA synthesis in human placental development.
Binding of murine immunoglobulin to human tissues after immunotherapy with anticolorectal carcinoma monoclonal antibody
Authors: Shen Jun‐Wen , Atkinson Barbara , Koprowski Hilary , Sears Henry F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn anticolorectal carcinoma antibody, 17–1A, that is of gamma 2a isotype and has been used in previous immunotherapy trials, binds to an antigen on most human colon tumors. This antigen is destroyed by the fixative and embedding procedures employed for routine histologic evaluation of tissues. It can be demonstrated by the avidin/biotin‐labelled peroxidase complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase technique on briefly fixed, frozen sections of fresh human tissues. With this assay technique, the antibody is found to bind in vitro to both human colonic carcinoma and normal gastrointestinal epthelia. Tissues removed from patients having received the 17–1A antibody intravenously in an immunotherapy trial show bound antibody 1–2 after administration. This is no longer evident 3 weeks later though the antigen is present on the cell surface and is still capable of binding antibody in vitro.
Generation of crossreacting tumor antigens in ascitic derivatives from murine methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcomas
Authors: Law Lloyd W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSarcomas induced by the chemical carcinogen 3‐methyl‐cholanthrene (MC) in pedigreed BALB/c strain mice were studied for the existence and characteristics of tumorspecific antigens that induce protective immune defenses in syngeneic mice (TATA). It was found that each of the neoplasms expressed a unique immunogenicity that was stable and heritable over a period of 125 transfers in vivo. Common or crossreacting TATA were not observed. When converted to an ascitic form, two of these sarcomas, CII‐7 and CII‐10, were found to be crossreactive, presumably sharing TATA with each other and with the MC‐induced sarcoma Meth A. Two other neoplasms converted to the ascitic form, however, retained their unique TATA. Although the precise nature of unique and crossreacting TATA is not known, it is hoped that recent investigations in the purification of TATA of chemically induced neoplasms will shed light on the mechanisms responsible for the diversity of tumor‐specific antigens.
Patterns of lung cancer risk according to type of cigarette smoked
Authors: Lubin Jay H. , Blot William J. , Berrino Franco , Flamant Robert , Gillis Charles R. , Kunze Michael , Schmahl Dietrich , Visco Giuseppe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case‐control study of lung cancer involving interviews with 7,804 cases and 15,207 hospital‐based controls was carried out in seven locations in Western Europe. The large study size permitted the calculation of precise estimates of the relative risk of lung cancer associated with smoking different types of cigarettes. Lifelong nonfilter smokers were at nearly twice the risk of lung cancer compared to lifelong filter smokers after controlling for duration of cigarette use and number smoked per day (RR = 1.7 for males and 2.0 for females). Lung cancer risks for filter, nonfilter and mixed smokers increased in proportion to intensity and duration of smoking and decreased with years since stopping smoking. The findings indicate that prevention activities should continue to emphasize smoking cessation, although switching to low‐tar cigarettes may also yield some reductions in lung cancer risk.
Humoral immune response to epstein‐barr virus antigens and immunoglobulin allotypes in African burkitt lymphoma patients
Authors: Biggar Robert J. , Pandey Janardan P. , Henle Werner , Nkrumah Francis K. , Levine Paul H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examined whether any immunoglobulin allotype was associated with an elevated risk of Burkitt's lymphoma because of the association between Burkitt's lymphoma and abnormalities of the immunoglobulin‐bearing chromosomes. The distribution of Gm and Km phenotypes among 56 Burkitt lymphoma cases and 25 age‐matched controls was unremarkable. Burkitt's lymphoma has also been associated with the Epstein‐Barr virus, and we therefore sought a relationship between immunoglobulin allotypes and antibody response to the component antigens of the Epstein‐Barr virus, VCA, EA‐D, EA‐R and EBNA. No immunoglobulin phenotype was associated with higher antibody titers against any antigen, but there appeared to be an interactive effect in which persons homozygous at both Gm and Km loci had elevated titers against several of the component antigens of the Epstein‐Barr virus. This is the first report of an interactive effet between immunoglobulin allotypes and viruses. Antibody titers against antigens of the Epstein‐Barr virus were higher in cases than in controls, as expected. However, female cases had significantly higher titers than male cases, a finding similar to that previously reported in healthy persons.
The effect of dietary factors on nitrosoproline levels in human urine
Authors: Stich Hans F. , Hornby A. Paul , Dunn Bruce P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of dietary components on the levels of nitro‐soproline (NPRO) excreted over a 24 h period in the urine was examined in volunteers ingesting known amounts of various food products. The ingestion of nitrite‐preserved meats (85–170 g per meal), including canned, rolled or Yunnan ham, cured pork, luncheon meat, and various Chinese and European‐style sausages, led to urinary NPRO excretion levels ranging from 2.5 to 78.5 μg/24 h, whereas the consumption of non‐preserved meat and fish products, including chicken, herring, salmon, shrimp, ground beef (hamburger), pork chops and beef liver, led to relatively low NPRO excretion levels, ranging from 0.0 to 0.8 μg/24 h. The urinary NPRO levels of 22 vegetarians and 14 lactovegetarians averaged 0.8 and 1.4 μg/24 h, respectively. A change from a nitrite‐preserved meat diet to a vegetarian diet was accompanied by an approximately six‐fold reduction in urinary NPRO levels; however, these remained above control levels for at least 3 days following the dietary change. The relatively high NPRO levels following the ingestion of nitrite‐preserved meats could not be reduced by nitrite‐trapping chemicals, including ascorbic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, or phenolic‐containing mixtures such as coffee and tea, which were effective in suppressing endogenous NPRO formation following the intake of nitrate and proline. The high urinary NPRO levels after ingestion of preserved meat products appear to be due to the consumption of preformed NPRO. An understanding of the relative contribution of preformed and endogenously formed nitrosamines appears to be essential when designing dietary intervention programmes.
Nyctohemeral changes in plasma prolactin levels and their relationship to breast cancer risk
Authors: Wang D. Y. , Sturzaker H. E. , Kwa H. G. , Verhofstad F. , Hayward J. L. , Bulbrook R. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe amount of prolactin has been determined in serial blood samples taken over 24 h from 20 pre‐ and 9 post‐menopausal women volunteers. All women had a large increase in prolactin at night (24.00 h‐03.00 h). A much smaller rise in prolactin occurred in the evening (18.00 h‐20.00 h) which was just significantly different (p < 0.05) from levels found in the afternoon. Prolactin concentrations at any given time in the 29 women were linearly correlated with corresponding levels in either of the adjacent time intervals. This correlation was highly significant (p < 0.001) throughout 24 h, implying that a woman with a relatively high (or low) blood prolactin in the afternoon would have a similarly high (or low) concentration in the evening or at night. Premenopausal women had higher amounts of prolactin than postmenopausal volunteers throughout the day. Parity was found to be inversely related to prolactin levels in pre‐ and postmenopausal women; this effect was especially marked in the night peak of prolactin. In postmenopausal women an average of 33 years had elapsed since the birth of the last child, which implies that childbirth has a life‐long effect on reducing prolactin levels. Thus the protective effect of early childbearing and multiparity against developing breast cancer could be at least partly explained by these effects on serum prolactin levels.
Metastatic potential of murine fibrosarcoma cells is influenced by cell surface laminin
Authors: Malinoff Herbert L. , McCoy J. Philip , Varani James , Wicha Max S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to examine the role of cell surface laminin in tumor metastasis we have utilized four well‐characterized murine fibrosarcoma cell lines. Two of these lines were highly metastatic when injected into syngeneic mice while the remaining two lines were significantly less metastatic. Using indirect immunofluorescence techniques, we detected cell surface laminin on the cell surface of both highly metastatic cell lines but not on the low‐metastatic cell lines. Although the low‐metastatic cell lines did not possess endogeneous cell surface laminin, they had the ability to specifically bind exogenous laminin to their surface in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, indicating the presence of laminin receptors on these cells. Incubation of the low‐metastatic cells with exogenous laminin prior to injection into syngeneic animals significantly increased their metastatic potential. No such increase was observed when the highly metastatic lines were preincubated with exogenous laminin. On the basis of these results, we conclude that in this fibrosarcoma model, metastatic potential is influenced by cell surface laminin and that the presence of unbound laminin receptors on the cell surface is not alone sufficient to promote metastasis of these cells.
Interferon treatment of a transplantable rat colon adenocarcinoma: Importance of tumor site
Authors: Marquet R. L. , Westbroek D. L. , Jeekel J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of partially purified rat interferon (RIFN) was evaluated in CC531 colon tumor‐bearing rats. Tumor CC531 is a DMH‐induced, transplantable adenocarcinoma exhibiting weak immunogenicity. When small tumor fragments were implanted under the renal capsule, daily treatment with RIFN for 5 days led to a highly significant (p <0.001) inhibition of tumor growth, measured 7 days after implantation. Cyclic treatment with RIFN (105 units/kg/day, for 7 days in weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8) significantly retarded the development of artificial lung metastases, induced by intravenous (i.v.) injection of 5 × 105 colon tumor cells. The median survival time was 177 days in the RIFN group as compared to 116 days in the control group. Three of eight animals treated with RIFN showed no sign of lung metastases when they were killed 250 days after tumor cell injection. The same cyclic RIFN treatment which was effective in the lung metastases model had no influence on the growth of liver metastases evoked by the intraportal injection of 5 × 105 tumor cells. Laparotomy performed at days 30 and 50 after inoculation revealed equal numbers of liver metastases in the RIFN‐treated group and the control group. The mean survival times obtained in the two groups were 96±20 days and 108±14 days, respectively (0.05<p<0.10). The results indicate that (1) there is no inherent resistance of this solid tumor to RIFN therapy and (2) the effect of RIFN treatment is determined by the site of tumor development. The finding that the liver can provide a protective environment against tumor immunity may have important clinical implications.
Immunoglobulin A, G and E levels in egyptians with cancer: Influence of schistosomiasis
Authors: Pidcock N. B. , Cooper E. H. , El‐Aaser A. A. , El‐Sebai I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe main patient series consisted of 415 Egyptians attending the Cairo Cancer Institute and comprising 286 bladder cancer, 97 breast cancer, 14 head and neck cancer and 18 gastrointestinal cancer cases. Also included in the study were 36 patients with active schistosomiasis and 89 healthy controls. Serum IgA, IgG, IgG subclasses, IgE, Schistosoma and Ascaris‐specific IgE (RAST) and the acute‐phase protein CRP were measured in all, or sub‐sets, of the main patient group. The well‐established increase in IgE and IgG levels, and the more recently reported increase in the levels of IgG3 and IgG4 subclasses in patients with schistosomiasis, were also found in bilharzial bladder cancer, indicating that humoral immunity persists in cancer‐bearing patients. However, the plasma protein profile in bilharzial bladder cancer is further modified by significant increases in the levels of IgA, IgG, IgGI, IgG2 and CRP when compared to levels in patients with Bilharzia in the absence of neoplastic change. Patients with cancers not associated with parasitic infestation also had significant increases in their serum levels of IgGI, IgG2, IgG, IgE and CRP when compared to healthy Egyptian controls, but 41% of these non‐bladder cancer patients showed IgE responses to previous parasitic infestations suggesting that any immunological response to cancer would be on the background of a variable non‐specific increase of IgE.
Antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity and disease course in North American patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A prospective study
Authors: Pearson Gary R. , Neel H. Bryan , Weiland Louis H. , Mulroney Susan E. , Taylor William , Goepfert Helmuth , Huang Andrew , Levine Paul , Lanier Anne , Pilch Ben , Goodman Max 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has previously been reported that antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) levels determined at diagnosis against Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐specific membrane antigens (MA) are predictive of disease course following therapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In general, survival was significantly shorter following therapy in patients with low ADCC titers at diagnosis versus those with high titers. To examine this further, a prospective study on North Americans with different histopathological types of this disease was initiated approximately 5 years ago. The results to date tend to support the conclusions drawn from the retrospective study for patients with the more poorly differentiated types (WHO 2 and WHO 3) of this disease. Over the first 3 years of this study, approximately 75% of the patients in the “high” category have remained clinically disease‐free for 3 years or longer as opposed to approximately 35% of the patients in the “low” group. Disease progression rates were calculated to be approximately four times higher in the low group. Similar trends were noted in actual survival rates over a 3‐year period. ADCC titers were in general found to be relatively stable in sequential serum samples from the same patient, with some exceptions. With the exceptions, however, changes in ADCC titers also reflected disease course. These results indicate, therefore, that anti‐EBV ADCC titers are predictive of disease course in patients with the poorly differentiated types of NPC.
Antigenic heterogeneity of clones and subclones from human melanoma cell lines demonstrated by a panel of monoclonal antibodies and flow microfluorometry analysis
Authors: Cillo C. , Mach J.‐P. , Schreyer M. , Carrel S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCells from two melanoma cell lines, Me43 and GLL‐19, were cloned in methylcellulose cultures and 20 randomly selected colonies from each line were picked up by micro‐manipulation, expanded in liquid cultures, and considered as clones of the original cell lines. The antigenic cell surface phenotype of these clones defined by panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) was analyzed by flow microfluoromery (FMF) using a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS II) and compared with the known stable phenotype of the parent cell line. The antibody panel consisted of eight MAb against melanoma‐associated antigens, two MAb against monomorphic determinants of HLA‐DR (la) and HLA‐ABC, respectively, one MAb against the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) and one MAb against carcinoembryonic antigen used as control. A remarkable heterogeneity in terms of qualitative and quantitative expression of the cell surface antigens studied was observed among and within the different clones. The single‐cell origin of the clones was assessed by comparing the clonogenic cell frequency, determined by limiting dilutions in microculture plates, with the cloning efficiency observed in Petri dishes. Both techniques using methylcellulose medium gave the same percentages of growing colonies. Cells from four Me43 clones were recloned in methylcellulose and the phenotype of five randomly selected subclones from each clone was analysed using the same panel of monoclonal antibodies. Each subclone also displayed heterogeneity with individual phenotypes different from that of the original clone and from the parental Me43 cell line. The antigen expression by individual cells in situ within clones was analyzed on frozen sections from colonies using the same panel of MAb and a biotin‐avidin immunoperoxidase method. The results confirmed the marked heterogeneity of antigen expression within and among colonies, as indicated by the FMF analysis.
Multicellular spheroids grown directly from human tumour material
Authors: Wibe E. , Berg J. P. , M.Tveit K. , Nesland J. M. , Lunde S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman tumour cells from surgical material were grown as multicellular spheroids. In 16 out of 20 cultures spheroids with a diameter of more than 250 μm could be observed. In 6 out of 20 cultures more than 30 spheroids with a diameter of at least 300 üm were obtained, i.e. 30% of the cultures fulfilled the criterion for a possible chemosensitivity test on primary cell spheroids. A study of stained sections from the spheroids and the respective tumours, showed that the morphology of the spheroid was very similar that of the tumour from which the cells were derived. Samples from 9 malignant melanomas, 4 bladder carcinomas, 2 renal‐cell carcinomas, 2 ovarian carcinomas, 1 lymphoma, 1 colon carcinoma, and 1 schwannoma were tested for spheroid growth. Spheroids were obtained from at least one representative of all these tumour types. However, investigations involving larger numbers of tumours are needed to find out which tumour types are most suitable for further biological characterization of primary cell spheroids and tests for therapy respone.