bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of urinary epithelial cancer with upper urinary tract obstruction: preliminary results
Authors: Takeuchi M. , Matsuzaki K. , Kubo H. , Nishitani H. 
Published: November 2008

Background: Various malignant tumors of the body show high signal intensity on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). In the genitourinary region, DWI is expected to have a role in detecting urinary epithelial cancer noninvasively. Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of DWI for the diagnosis of urinary epithelial cancer with upper urinary tract obstruction. Material and Methods: Twenty upper urinary tract cancers in 16 patients were evaluated by high- b-value DWI ( b=800s/mm2). The signal intensity was visually evaluated, and the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were measured. Results: All urinary epithelial cancers showed high signal intensity on DWI. The ADC in cancerous lesions was 1.31±0.27×10−3 mm2/s, which was significantly lower than that of the lumens of the ureter or renal pelvis (3.32±0.44×10−3 mm2/s; P<0.001). Maximum intensity projection images of DWI in combination with static-fluid MR urography provided three-dimensional entire urinary tract imaging with the extension of tumors. Conclusion: DWI is useful in the tumor detection and in evaluating the tumor extension of urinary epithelial cancer in patients with upper urinary tract obstruction.
Decreased Mitochondrial Activities of Malate Dehydrogenase and Fumarase in Tomato Lead to Altered Root Growth and Architecture via Diverse Mechanisms
Authors: van der Merwe Margaretha J. , Osorio Sonia , Moritz Thomas , Nunes-Nesi Adriano , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTransgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in which either mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase or fumarase was antisense inhibited have previously been characterized to exhibit altered photosynthetic metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that these manipulations also resulted in differences in root growth, with both transgenics being characterized by a dramatic reduction of root dry matter deposition and respiratory activity but opposite changes with respect to root area. A range of physiological, molecular, and biochemical experiments were carried out in order to determine whether changes in root morphology were due to altered metabolism within the root itself, alterations in the nature of the transformants' root exudation, consequences of alteration in the efficiency of photoassimilate delivery to the root, or a combination of these factors. Grafting experiments in which the transformants were reciprocally grafted to wild-type controls suggested that root length and area were determined by the aerial part of the plant but that biomass was not. Despite the transgenic roots displaying alteration in the expression of phytohormone-associated genes, evaluation of the levels of the hormones themselves revealed that, with the exception of gibberellins, they were largely unaltered. When taken together, these combined experiments suggest that root biomass and growth are retarded by root-specific alterations in metabolism and gibberellin contents. These data are discussed in the context of current models of root growth and biomass partitioning.
Kinesins Are Indispensable for Interdigitation of Phragmoplast Microtubules in the MossPhyscomitrella patens
Authors: Hiwatashi Yuji , Obara Mari , Sato Yoshikatsu , Fujita Tomomichi , Murata Takashi , Hasebe Mitsuyasu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMicrotubules form arrays with parallel and antiparallel bundles and function in various cellular processes, including subcellular transport and cell division. The antiparallel bundles in phragmoplasts, plant-unique microtubule arrays, are mostly unexplored and potentially offer new cellular insights. Here, we report that the Physcomitrella patens kinesins KINID1a and KINID1b (for kinesin for interdigitated microtubules 1a and 1b), which are specific to land plants and orthologous to Arabidopsis thaliana PAKRP2, are novel factors indispensable for the generation of interdigitated antiparallel microtubules in the phragmoplasts of the moss P. patens. KINID1a and KINID1b are predominantly localized to the putative interdigitated parts of antiparallel microtubules. This interdigitation disappeared in double-deletion mutants of both genes, indicating that both KINID1a and 1b are indispensable for interdigitation of the antiparallel microtubule array. Furthermore, cell plates formed by these phragmoplasts did not reach the plasma membrane in ∼20% of the mutant cells examined. We observed that in the double-deletion mutant lines, chloroplasts remained between the plasma membrane and the expanding margins of the cell plate, while chloroplasts were absent from the margins of the cell plates in the wild type. This suggests that the kinesins, the antiparallel microtubule bundles with interdigitation, or both are necessary for proper progression of cell wall expansion.
Property in knowledge work: an appropriation‐learning perspective
Authors: Pinnington Ashly H. , Kamoche Ken , Suseno Yuliani 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe aim of this paper isto understand the competitive and collaborative relations existing between people practising in the same professional occupation, but working within different organisation contexts of employment.Design/methodology/approachAn interview study of 42 in‐house and external lawyers is reported and set within contexts of the knowledge management and internationalisation of legal services. The data are analysed from an appropriation‐learning perspective and then discussed for the extent that these two groups make similar claims to property in work.FindingsThe in‐house lawyers give highest priority to the protection of resources and knowledge and aim to achieve it through trust in work relationships and by sharing, diffusing and controlling knowledge. By contrast, issues concerning individual reward and empowerment were seen as lower priority. External lawyers attach similar importance to knowledge sharing, its diffusion and control, but have slightly less concern for protecting knowledge and resources. They place less emphasis on trust and seem to value empowerment through legal innovation more so than do the in‐house lawyers.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should be conducted on occupational and sub‐groups of knowledge workers to understand more systematically the dynamics of knowledge management, and the opportunities and constraints it creates for employees' property in work.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the literature on employees' property claims in work. It reflects on the extent that individuals' work identities must systematically adapt to different organisation contexts and approaches to knowledge management.
“Fee earner vs fee burner”: internal divides in law firms
Authors: Forstenlechner Ingo , Lettice Fiona , Tschida Markus 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThis article aims to explore and define the implications of the predominant divide in law firms between fee earners, i.e. lawyers contributing to law firm revenue, and support staff, i.e. employees in back office functions not directly contributing to revenue. To identify steps to improve retention rates among support staff.Design/methodology/approachA survey was delivered to support staff across four law firms among the top ten UK law firms, out of which 154 valid responses were collected. For the analysis, responses were clustered to identify emerging themes. Additional interviews were also conducted with the aim to clarify emerging themes and deepen understanding of the issues raised.Findings“You are either a fee earner or a fee burner” sums up the prevailing attitude support staff experiences in law firms. Throughout the responses – regardless of topic – the divide kept resurfacing again and again. In order to retain and motivate talented support staff, law firms will need to revisit their management of support staff and rethink the management of attitude towards them.Research limitationsLaw firms are just one professional services sector under increasing competitive pressure, other professional service firms with similar structures, such as consulting or accounting firms have not been included in this research.Practical implicationsWhile support staff ensures the delivery of business critical services in law firms, they are often seen as a disposable cost rather than a business relevant part of the organisation, which leads to frustration and low working morale. Several measures are suggested in this paper to address the management of support staff.Originality/valueThis paper addresses an important gap in our knowledge of law firms and legal profession more generally: The work and working conditions of non‐fee earning staff.
Usability study of digital institutional repositories
Authors: Hee Kim Hyun , Ho Kim Yong 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide suggestions that could be adapted to improve the usability of institutional repository systems, and to establish a usability evaluation framework, which could be used for heuristic evaluation or formal usability testing of institutional repositories. The study seeks to establishe a usability evaluation guideline based on a literature review.Design/methodology/approachUsing the evaluation criteria and 30 subjects, the research team administered two usability experiments, laboratory and remote usability tests, and conducted a focus group interview with four experts. Based on the usability evaluation and focus group interview results, the paper proposes ways to improve system usability by showing selected screenshots of the dCollection interface.FindingsThe study shows that an effective provision of directions on how to register and search for documents, improving visual appearance, and clustering and displaying related materials based on the FRBR model is an important task to improve dCollection's usability.Originality/valueThe study establishes a usability evaluation framework for institutional repositories and evaluates the dCollection with the evaluation criteria.
Selective deposition of PEDOT/PSS on to flexible substrates and tailoring the electrical resistivity by post treatment
Authors: Sankir Nurdan D. 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to describe two manufacturing techniques for selective patterning of Poly‐3‐4‐ethyleneoxythiophene/poly‐4‐sytrensulfonate (PEDOT/PSS) for flexible electronic applications. The paper also includes methods to tailor the electrical conductivity of the patterned polymeric films.Design/methodology/approachLine patterning and inkjet printing methods were used to pattern PEDOT/PSS onto mechanically flexible substrates including polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide and paper.FindingsPEDOT/PSS thin films with controlled spatial resolution and strong adhesion passing a laboratory Scotch‐tape test were patterned onto flexible substrates using both line patterning and inkjet printing techniques. After annealing, the sheet resistivities of patterned PEDOT/PSS lines increased slightly. Treating the electrodes with ethylene glycol dramatically increased the electrical conductivity.Research limitations/implicationsThere has been extensive work on selective deposition of solution processable active materials onto mechanically flexible substrates. Many techniques including line patterning and inkjet printing are currently being used to fabricate devices for flexible electronic applications. However, there is a need for tailoring the electrical conductivity of the patterned polymeric active materials.Originality/valueIn this study, two very cost effective methods for the selective deposition of the water soluble PEDOT/PSS onto flexible substrates with controlled spatial resolution and electrical conductivity are reported.
Educational value of the algebraic numerical methods in electromagnetism
Authors: Freschi Fabio , Giaccone Luca , Repetto Maurizio 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to highlight the educational value of algebraic numerical methods with respect to traditional numerical techniques based on differential formulation.Design/methodology/approachAlgebraic formulations of electromagnetic fields are gaining a new interest in the research community. One common characteristic of these methods is that they impose field equations, for instance charge or mass conservation, directly in algebraic form as a sum of partial contributes, without using differential operators like the divergence one. This feature leads directly to a system of linear equations without requiring any intermediate differential formulation as in finite element method. In addition, these systems of linear equations can be efficiently expressed as a product of matrices related to problem topology and material characteristics.FindingsOwing to these features, a MATLAB implementation of these theoretical frameworks is particularly efficient and simple and can be used by electrical engineering students which, even if with a basic mathematical background, have a good practice with network theory and its computer implementation. Following this way of thinking, a MATLAB based environment has been created and here it is presented and discussed.Originality/valueThe implementation of the algebraic formulation can be done by using very basic mathematical tools, therefore the algebraic method becomes also a good way to introduce the numerical field analysis to undergraduate students.
Matricial techniques in the analysis of DFB laser structures
Authors: Ferreira Fernandes Carlos Alberto 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to develop simulation tools for the analysis of modified structures of distributed feedback (DFB) laser diodes adequate for single longitudinal mode (SLM) operation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses matricial techniques: the transfer matrix method (TMM). When compared to the eigenvalue approach, the matricial techniques are more general and flexible and hence are especially adequate to deal with the analysis and structural design of DFB laser diodes. In this work, the author makes a general description of the TMM, enhancing its importance with some applications by considering the threshold and above‐threshold analysis of a modified DFB laser structure.FindingsThe increasing demands on laser performance, mainly in the area of optical communication systems, have lead to the fabrication of more‐and‐more complex structures. In viewing the development of the associated technology, the importance of the simulation tools revealed of crucial importance.Originality/valueThe simulation model used in this work has been described in other works of the author. In the present analysis a general description of the TMM was implemented, summarizing the results of previous studies for the threshold and above‐threshold regimes of modified DFB laser structures specially designed to show SLM operation.
Nonlinear transformer model in the frequency domain and with symmetrical components
Authors: Degroote Lieven , Vandevelde Lieven , Renders Bert , Gyselinck Johan 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe aim is to develop a nonlinear transformer model to achieve an accurate model to obtain the frequency components of the magnetizing current based on the harmonic voltages at the primary and secondary side. So, it can easily be implemented in a harmonic load‐flow program.Design/methodology/approachThe transformer model is based on the harmonic balance method. The electric and magnetic equations of the transformer are derived from the electric and magnetic equivalent circuits.FindingsThe transformer model can be easily implemented in a harmonic load‐flow program. The accuracy of the model has been shown by comparing it with a finite element simulation. The transformer model can be used with asymmetrical supply voltages, because different saturation levels of the phases can occur. There is a coupling between the phases which can be concluded out of the asymmetrical currents in the transformer under symmetrical supply voltages.Research limitations/implicationsThe transformer model does not consider the iron losses and the interharmonics. In future work the transformer model will be used to study the harmonic losses in distribution networks, so the transformer losses due to these harmonics have to be considered. This can be achieved with a postcalculation process where the magnetic flux density is used to calculate the eddy current losses and the magnetic field intensity will be applied in a static Preisach model to quantify the hysteresis losses.Practical implicationsThe model can be used in a harmonic load‐flow program in order to obtain more accurate simulations for the power system analysis and design.Originality/valueThe model presented in this paper is more detailed than similar papers found in literature (saturation of the yokes, coupling between the phases, interaction between different harmonics) and still it takes a brief simulation time.
A new world for virtual reference
Authors: Godfrey Krista 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the emerging field of reference in virtual worlds and attempts to determine its place among existing reference services. The virtual world of Second Life is the focus for these virtual world services. Advantages of virtual world reference are highlighted and drawbacks are discussed.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines two existing virtual world reference projects in an attempt to determine both the feasibility of virtual world reference and the level of need for such a service.FindingsBoth virtual world reference projects were successful and appear to indicate there is a need for reference within Second Life.Research limitations/implicationsVirtual worlds and reference within these realms are at the very early stages. There is room for detailed analysis of issues raised within the paper.Practical implicationsThe paper outlines the steps of creating a collaborative and institutional virtual world reference service, including training and implications.Originality/valueThis paper examines the emerging field of research and practice in virtual worlds and will be of significant interest to reference librarians.
Enable web‐based tracking and guiding by integrating location‐awareness with the world wide web
Authors: Zhou Rui 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe aim of this research is to enable web‐based tracking and guiding by integrating location‐awareness with the Worldwide Web so that the users can use various location‐based applications without installing extra software.Design/methodology/approachThe concept of web‐based tracking and guiding is introduced and the relevant issues are discussed regarding location‐aware web systems, location determination, location‐dependent content query and personalized presentation. The framework of the web‐based tracking and guiding system – the Web‐Based Guide is proposed, and its prototypical implementation is presented. The main design principles are making use of existing web technologies, making use of available and cheap devices, general‐purpose and lightweight client‐side, and good scalability.FindingsThe paper presents the general‐purpose and modular framework of the Web‐Based Guide, which consists of the Location Server, the Content Server, the Guiding Web Server and the clients which are standard web browsers extended with the Location Control. With such a framework, location‐based applications can offer the services on the web.Research limitations/implicationsThe performance of the system should be evaluated and improved, such as the number of the concurrent sessions that the system can sustain, and the workload on the system when in the tracking mode.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a framework for personalized tracking and guiding systems on the web, which can be used in campuses, museums, national parks and so on.
Detection of malicious traffic on back‐bone links via packet header analysis
Authors: John Wolfgang , Olovsson Tomas 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThis study seeks to investigate modern internet back‐bone traffic in order to study occurrences of malicious activities and potential security problems within internet packet headers.Design/methodology/approachContemporary and highly aggregated back‐bone data have been analyzed regarding consistency of network and transport layer headers (i.e. IP, TCP, UDP and ICMP). Possible security implications of each anomaly observed are discussed.FindingsA systematic listing of packet header anomalies, together with their frequencies as seen “in the wild”, is provided. Inconsistencies in protocol headers have been found within almost every aspect analyzed, including incorrect or incomplete series of IP fragments, IP address anomalies and other kinds of header fields not following internet standards. Internet traffic was shown to contain many erroneous packets; some are the result of software and hardware errors, others the result of intentional and malicious activities.Practical implicationsThe study not only presents occurrences of header anomalies as observed in today's internet traffic, but also provides detailed discussions about possible causes for the inconsistencies and their security implications for networked devices.Originality/valueThe results are relevant for researchers as well as practitioners, and form a valuable input for intrusion detection systems, firewalls and the design of all kinds of networked applications exposed to network attacks.
The authentication and authorization infrastructure of perfSONAR MDM
Authors: Rodríguez Cándido , Molina Maurizio , Boote Jeff 
Published: November 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show the results of having a full authentication and authorization scenario in a web service‐oriented architecture. The Joint Research Activity 1 in the EU‐funded GEANT2 project, in cooperation with Internet2, the US Department of Energy's ESnet and the Brazilian National Research and Educational Network, has defined a general framework for a multi‐domain network measurement infrastructure. The implementation, called Performance‐focused Service Oriented Network Monitoring Architecture, contains a set of services delivering performance measurements in a multi‐domain environment. The main goal of this work is to provide a multi‐federation identity solution to perfSONAR.Design/methodology/approachThis is a case study of applying authentication and authorization standards to a web service‐oriented architecture. The prototype is implemented thanks to eduGAIN.FindingsA multi‐federation identity solution for highly distributed web services environment has been gained.Originality/valueThe paper shows that it is possible to have a multi‐federated environment for web and non‐web applications applying current technologies. This is useful for practitioners of distributed software, specially in national research and educational networks.