bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Happy Ending: An Empty Hexagon in Every Set of 30 Points
Authors: Heule Marijn J. H. , Scheucher Manfred 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSatisfiability solving has been used to tackle a range of long-standing open math problems in recent years. We add another success by solving a geometry problem that originated a century ago. In the 1930s, Esther Klein’s exploration of unavoidable shapes in planar point sets in general position showed that every set of five points includes four points in convex position. For a long time, it was open if an empty hexagon, i.e., six points in convex position without a point inside, can be avoided. In 2006, Gerken and Nicolás independently proved that the answer is no. We establish the exact bound: Every 30-point set in the plane in general position contains an empty hexagon. Our key contributions include an effective, compact encoding and a search-space partitioning strategy enabling linear-time speedups even when using thousands of cores.
Cosmological correlators in massless ϕ4-theory and the method of regions
Authors: Beneke Martin , Hager Patrick , Sanfilippo Andrea F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The calculation of loop corrections to the correlation functions of quantum fields during inflation or in the de Sitter background presents greater challenges than in flat space due to the more complicated form of the mode functions. While in flat space highly sophisticated approaches to Feynman integrals exist, similar tools still remain to be developed for cosmological correlators. However, usually only their late-time limit is of interest. We introduce the method-of-region expansion for cosmological correlators as a tool to extract the late-time limit, and illustrate it with several examples for the interacting, massless, minimally coupled scalar field in de Sitter space. In particular, we consider the in-in correlator 〈ϕ2(η, q)ϕ(η, k1)ϕ(η, k2)〉, whose region structure is relevant to anomalous dimensions and matching coefficients in Soft de Sitter effective theory.
Fracton gauge fields from higher-dimensional gravity
Authors: Peña-Benítez Francisco , Salgado-Rebolledo Patricio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We show that the fractonic dipole-conserving algebra can be obtained as an Aristotelian (and pseudo-Carrollian) contraction of the Poincaré algebra in one dimension higher. Such contraction allows to obtain fracton electrodynamics from a relativistic higher-dimensional theory upon dimensional reduction. The contraction procedure produces several scenarios including the some of the theories already discussed in the literature. A curved space generalization is given, which is gauge invariant when the Riemann tensor of the background geometry is harmonic.
Phosphorylation of the compartmentalized PKA substrate TAF15 regulates RNA–protein interactions
Authors: Feichtner Andreas , Enzler Florian , Kugler Valentina , Hoppe Katharina , Mair Sophia , Kremser Leopold , Lindner Herbert , Huber Roland G. , Stelzl Ulrich , Stefan Eduard , Torres-Quesada Omar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpatiotemporal-controlled second messengers alter molecular interactions of central signaling nodes for ensuring physiological signal transmission. One prototypical second messenger molecule which modulates kinase signal transmission is the cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The main proteinogenic cellular effectors of cAMP are compartmentalized protein kinase A (PKA) complexes. Their cell-type specific compositions precisely coordinate substrate phosphorylation and proper signal propagation which is indispensable for numerous cell-type specific functions. Here we present evidence that TAF15, which is implicated in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, represents a novel nuclear PKA substrate. In cross-linking and immunoprecipitation experiments (iCLIP) we showed that TAF15 phosphorylation alters the binding to target transcripts related to mRNA maturation, splicing and protein-binding related functions. TAF15 appears to be one of multiple PKA substrates that undergo RNA-binding dynamics upon phosphorylation. We observed that the activation of the cAMP-PKA signaling axis caused a change in the composition of a collection of RNA species that interact with TAF15. This observation appears to be a broader principle in the regulation of molecular interactions, as we identified a significant enrichment of RNA-binding proteins within endogenous PKA complexes. We assume that phosphorylation of RNA-binding domains adds another layer of regulation to binary protein-RNAs interactions with consequences to RNA features including binding specificities, localization, abundance and composition.
Two families of values for global cooperative games
Authors: Alonso-Meijide J. M. , Álvarez-Mozos M. , Fiestras-Janeiro M. G. , Jiménez-Losada A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A global (cooperative) game describes the utility that the whole set of players generates depending on the coalition structure they form. These games were introduced by Gilboa and Lehrer (Int J Game Theory 20:129–147, 1991) who proposed and characterized a generalization of the Shapley value. We introduce two families of point valued solutions that contain the Gilboa–Lehrer value. We characterize each family by means of reasonable properties, which are related to the ones used by Gilboa and Lehrer.
Assessing diets of marine fauna associated with emerging zoantharian habitats in the Canary Islands
Authors: Moreno-Borges S. , Arranz V. , Fernández-Martín S. , Clemente S. , Xavier R. , Vasconcelos R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPopulation outbreaks of zoantharians in shallow water reefs have been observed globally, including intertidal and subtidal sites in the Canary Islands. This study investigated how zoantharians might be integrating into the local trophic network. For that purpose, we assessed the feeding patterns of common species in zoantharian-dominated habitats, focusing on finding consumers of Zoanthus pulchellus and Palythoa caribaeorum. Through DNA-barcoding and metabarcoding, the gut contents of 11 predatory species were analysed, aiming to characterize their diets and explore local species feeding on zoantharians. Analyses of diet revealed a diverse range of food items and trophic positions of some of the most common and frequent marine species in the archipelago. Furthermore, based on previous observations on the different impacts of Z. pulchellus and P. caribaeorum on shallow benthic ecosystems of the Canary Islands, a preliminary approach to identify their potential influence on feeding patterns of associated species was made. Even though DNA-metabarcoding did not detect zoantharians in the gut contents of any studied species, Sanger sequencing with zoantharian-specific primers indicated their consumption by subject species may be limited to only the crab Platypodiella picta. In addition, by focusing on some of the most common species, this study enhances our understanding of the local trophic network and provides an insight into trophic dynamics in zoantharian-dominated habitats.
Local habitat heterogeneity rivals regional differences in coral thermal tolerance
Authors: Brown Kristen T. , Martynek Marcelina P. , Barott Katie L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVariable temperature regimes that expose corals to sublethal heat stress have been recognized as a mechanism to increase coral thermal tolerance and lessen coral bleaching. However, there is a need to better understand which thermal regimes maximize coral stress hardening. Here, standardized thermal stress assays were used to determine the relative thermal tolerance of three divergent genera of corals (Acropora, Pocillopora, Porites) originating from six reef sites representing an increasing gradient of annual mean diel temperature fluctuations of 1–3 °C day−1. Bleaching severity and dark-acclimated photochemical yield (i.e., Fv/Fm) were quantified following exposure to five temperature treatments ranging from 23.0 to 36.3 °C. The greatest thermal tolerance (i.e., Fv/Fm effective dose 50) was found at the site with intermediate mean diel temperature variability (2.2 °C day−1), suggesting there is an optimal priming exposure that leads to maximal thermal tolerance. Interestingly, Acropora and Pocillopora originating from the least thermally variable regimes (< 1.3 °C day−1) had lower thermal tolerance than corals from the most variable sites (> 2.8 °C day−1), whereas the opposite was true for Porites, suggesting divergent responses across taxa. Remarkably, comparisons across global studies revealed that the range in coral thermal tolerance uncovered in this study across a single reef (< 5 km) were as large as differences observed across vast latitudinal gradients (300–900 km). This finding indicates that local gene flow could improve thermal tolerance between habitats. However, as climate change continues, exposure to intensifying marine heatwaves is already compromising thermal priming as a mechanism to enhance coral thermal tolerance and bleaching resistance.
Characterization of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) as a biomarker of reactive astrogliosis in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias
Authors: Jaisa-aad Methasit , Muñoz-Castro Clara , Healey Molly A. , Hyman Bradley T. , Serrano-Pozo Alberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReactive astrogliosis accompanies the two neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles—and parallels neurodegeneration in AD and AD-related dementias (ADRD). Thus, there is growing interest in developing imaging and fluid biomarkers of reactive astrogliosis for AD/ADRD diagnosis and prognostication. Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) is emerging as a target for PET imaging radiotracers of reactive astrogliosis. However, a thorough characterization of MAO-B expression in postmortem control and AD/ADRD brains is lacking. We sought to: (1) identify the primary cell type(s) expressing MAO-B in control and AD brains; (2) quantify MAO-B immunoreactivity in multiple brain regions of control and AD donors as a proxy for PET radiotracer uptake; (3) correlate MAO-B level with local AD neuropathological changes, reactive glia, and cortical atrophy; (4) determine whether the MAOB rs1799836 SNP genotype impacts MAO-B expression level; (5) compare MAO-B immunoreactivity across AD/ADRD, including Lewy body diseases (LBD) and frontotemporal lobar degenerations with tau (FTLD-Tau) and TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP). We found that MAO-B is mainly expressed by subpial and perivascular cortical astrocytes as well as by fibrous white matter astrocytes in control brains, whereas in AD brains, MAO-B is significantly upregulated by both cortical reactive astrocytes and white matter astrocytes across temporal, frontal, and occipital lobes. By contrast, MAO-B expression level was unchanged and lowest in cerebellum. Cortical MAO-B expression was independently associated with cortical atrophy and local measures of reactive astrocytes and microglia, and significantly increased in reactive astrocytes surrounding Thioflavin-S+ dense-core Aβ plaques. MAO-B expression was not affected by the MAOB rs1799836 SNP genotype. MAO-B expression was also significantly increased in the frontal cortex and white matter of donors with corticobasal degeneration, Pick’s disease, and FTLD-TDP, but not in LBD or progressive supranuclear palsy. These findings support ongoing efforts to develop MAO-B-based PET radiotracers to image reactive astrogliosis in AD/ADRD.
Pregnancy effect on disease activity in women with multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine
Authors: Signoriello E. , Foschi M. , Lanzillo R. , Frau J. , Cocco E. , Borriello G. , Ianniello A. , Trotta M. , Landi D. , Maniscalco G. T. , Ruscica F. , Toscano S. , Patti F. , Zanghì A. , D’Amico E. , Fantozzi R. , Centonze D. , Lus G. , Bonavita S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Cladribine is an oral immune reconstitution therapy for relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). Hormonal and immune changes are responsible for the decline of disease activity in the third trimester of pregnancy and disease reactivation in the early post-partum period.We investigate the impact of pregnancy on disease activity in women with MS who conceived after cladribine treatment.

Methods
We recruited women of childbearing age with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) who became pregnant or not after being treated with cladribine. For both groups, demographic, clinical and radiological data were collected 1 year before and after treatment during a mean follow-up of 3.53 years. We compared disease activity over time between groups using variance analysis for repeated measures.

Results
48 childbearing women were included. 25 women had a pregnancy after a mean of 1.75 years from the first treatment cycle. Women with or without pregnancy did not differ in demographics or pre-cladribine disease activity. No significant differences in disease activity or EDSS worsening were found between women with or without pregnancy.

Discussion
Our findings suggest that pregnancy does not appear to influence disease activity and disability in women previously treated with cladribine; further studies with larger numbers and longer follow-up are needed to confirm this finding.
Hyalocytes—guardians of the vitreoretinal interface
Authors: Lange Clemens , Boneva Stefaniya , Wieghofer Peter , Sebag J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOriginally discovered in the nineteenth century, hyalocytes are the resident macrophage cell population in the vitreous body. Despite this, a comprehensive understanding of their precise function and immunological significance has only recently emerged. In this article, we summarize recent in-depth investigations deciphering the critical role of hyalocytes in various aspects of vitreous physiology, such as the molecular biology and functions of hyalocytes during development, adult homeostasis, and disease. Hyalocytes are involved in fetal vitreous development, hyaloid vasculature regression, surveillance and metabolism of the vitreoretinal interface, synthesis and breakdown of vitreous components, and maintenance of vitreous transparency. While sharing certain resemblances with other myeloid cell populations such as retinal microglia, hyalocytes possess a distinct molecular signature and exhibit a gene expression profile tailored to the specific needs of their host tissue. In addition to inflammatory eye diseases such as uveitis, hyalocytes play important roles in conditions characterized by anomalous posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and vitreoschisis. These can be hypercellular tractional vitreo-retinopathies, such as macular pucker, proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR), and proliferative diabetic vitreo-retinopathy (PDVR), as well as paucicellular disorders such as vitreo-macular traction syndrome and macular holes. Notably, hyalocytes assume a significant role in the early pathophysiology of these disorders by promoting cell migration and proliferation, as well as subsequent membrane contraction, and vitreoretinal traction. Thus, early intervention targeting hyalocytes could potentially mitigate disease progression and prevent the development of proliferative vitreoretinal disorders altogether, by eliminating the involvement of vitreous and hyalocytes.
Caffeine ingestion compromises thermoregulation and does not improve cycling time to exhaustion in the heat amongst males
Authors: John Kevin , Kathuria Sayyam , Peel Jenny , Page Joe , Aitkenhead Robyn , Felstead Aimee , Heffernan Shane M. , Jeffries Owen , Tallent Jamie , Waldron Mark 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Caffeine is a commonly used ergogenic aid for endurance events; however, its efficacy and safety have been questioned in hot environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute caffeine supplementation on cycling time to exhaustion and thermoregulation in the heat.

Methods
In a double-blind, randomised, cross-over trial, 12 healthy caffeine-habituated and unacclimatised males cycled to exhaustion in the heat (35 °C, 40% RH) at an intensity associated with the thermoneutral gas exchange threshold, on two separate occasions, 60 min after ingesting caffeine (5 mg/kg) or placebo (5 mg/kg).

Results
There was no effect of caffeine supplementation on cycling time to exhaustion (TTE) (caffeine; 28.5 ± 8.3 min vs. placebo; 29.9 ± 8.8 min, P = 0.251). Caffeine increased pulmonary oxygen uptake by 7.4% (P = 0.003), heat production by 7.9% (P = 0.004), whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) by 21% (P = 0.008), evaporative heat transfer by 16.5% (P = 0.006) and decreased estimated skin blood flow by 14.1% (P < 0.001) compared to placebo. Core temperature was higher by 0.6% (P = 0.013) but thermal comfort decreased by − 18.3% (P = 0.040), in the caffeine condition, with no changes in rate of perceived exertion (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The greater heat production and storage, as indicated by a sustained increase in core temperature, corroborate previous research showing a thermogenic effect of caffeine ingestion. When exercising at the pre-determined gas exchange threshold in the heat, 5 mg/kg of caffeine did not provide a performance benefit and increased the thermal strain of participants.
Is there evidence for the asymmetrical transfer of strength to an untrained limb?
Authors: Wong Vickie , Song Jun Seob , Yamada Yujiro , Kataoka Ryo , Hammert William B. , Spitz Robert W. , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The literature predominantly addresses cross-education of strength in the dominant limb rather than the non-dominant limb, guided by the hypothesis of an asymmetrical transfer of strength from unilateral training protocols. The purpose of the study was to review the literature and determine how much evidence was available to support this claim. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the magnitude of this hypothesized asymmetrical transfer of strength.

Methods
A literature search of all possible records was implemented using Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus from February 2022 to May 2022. Comparison of randomized controlled trials was computed. The change scores and standard deviations of those change scores were extracted for each group. Only three studies met the criteria, from which a total of five effect sizes were extracted and further analyzed.

Results
The overall effect of resistance training of the dominant limb on strength transfer to the non-dominant limb relative to the effects of resistance training the non-dominant limb on strength transfer to the dominant (non-training) limb was 0.46 (SE 0.42). The analysis from this study resulted in minimal support for the asymmetry hypothesis. Given the small number of studies available, we provide the effect but note that the estimate is unlikely to be stable.

Conclusion
Although it is repeatedly stated that there is an asymmetrical transfer of strength, our results find little support for that claim. This is not to say that it does not exist, but additional research implementing a control group and a direct comparison between limbs is needed to better understand this question.
L-carnitine decreases myocardial injury in children undergoing open-heart surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: El Feky Wael , El-Afify Dalia , Abdelhai Dina , Elkashlan Mohamed , Fakhreldin Ahmed , El Amrousy Doaa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Myocardial injury in open-heart surgery is related to several factors including ischemia–reperfusion injury, generation of reactive oxygen species, increased production of inflammatory mediators, and enhancement of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. The aim of this study was to study the effect of L-carnitine on myocardial injury in children undergoing open-heart surgery. This clinical trial was performed on 60 children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who underwent open-heart surgery. They were randomized into two groups: L-carnitine group who received L-carnitine 50 mg\kg\day once daily for 1 month before cardiac surgery and control group who received placebo for 1 month before cardiac surgery. Left ventricular cardiac function was assessed by conventional echocardiography to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) to determine left ventricular global longitudinal strain (2D-LV GLS). Blood samples were obtained pre-operatively at baseline before the administration of L-carnitine or placebo and 12 h post-operatively to measure the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), fas, caspase-3, creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and troponin I. L-carnitine group had significantly lower post-operative level of oxidative stress marker (MDA), apoptosis markers (fas and caspase-3), and myocardial injury markers (CK-MB and troponin I), but they had significantly higher SOD post-operative level compared to the control group. In addition, post-operative LVEF and 2D-LVGLS were significantly lower in the control group compared to L-carnitine group.
Conclusion: L-carnitine can reduce myocardial injury, improve post-operative left ventricular cardiac function, and may provide myocardium protection in children with CHD who underwent open-heart surgery.
Trial registration: The clinical trial was registered at www.pactr.org with registration number PACTR202010570607420 at 29/10/2020 before recruiting the patients.

What is Known:• Myocardial injury in open-heart surgery is related to several factors including ischemia–reperfusion injury, generation of reactive oxygen species, increased production of inflammatory mediators, and enhancement of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.• L-carnitine was reported to have myocardial protective effects in rheumatic valvular surgery and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in adults; however, there is no evidence on its effectiveness in children undergoing open-heart surgery.

What is New:• L-carnitine significantly lowered the post-operative level of oxidative stress marker (MDA), apoptosis markers (fas and caspase-3), and myocardial injury markers (CK-MB and troponin I) in the treatment group.• L-carnitine can reduce myocardial injury, improve post-operative left ventricular cardiac function, and may provide myocardium protection in children with CHD who underwent open-heart surgery.
The immunolocalization of adiponectin and its receptors in the testis of the frog Pelophylax bergeri
Authors: Simoncelli Francesca , Mercati Francesca , Di Rosa Ines , Palmioli Elisa , Dall’Aglio Cecilia , Marini Daniele , Fagotti Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn all vertebrates, reproductive strategies are achieved by modulation of the neuroendocrine system in a similar manner and with minor variations among the different classes. Most of the available information on amphibian testicular cycles derive from anurans, and among these, water frogs have been extensively studied in terms of reproductive mechanisms and sex steroid correlation. Adiponectin (AdipoQ) and its receptors—AdipoR1 and AdipoR2—are essential for most of the normal testicular and sperm functions. In this study, the identification of AdipoQ and its two receptors was carried out by immunohistochemistry in the testis of adult males of Pelophylax bergeri. The AdipoQ system was observed in the frog spermatogenic cysts, in both germinal and Sertoli cells, as well as in the rete testis. AdipoQ and AdipoR1 were localized in germ-line cells, from spermatogonia to round spermatids, while AdipoR2 was detected in the elongated spermatids, spermatozoa, and Sertoli cells. AdipoR1 was also observed in the intratesticular canals of the rete testis. This preliminary study shows the AdipoQ system’s presence in the anurans’ testis. The results obtained could be a starting point for future functional studies aimed at defining the physiological role of the AdipoQ system in frog testicular functions.