bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climatic and aeroallergen risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in horses
Authors: Ward Michael P. , Couëtil Laurent L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To estimate the association between climate and airborne pollen and fungal factors and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in horses.Sample Population—Data from 1,444 horses with a diagnosis of COPD.Procedure—The Veterinary Medical Database was used to identify records of horses admitted to veterinary teaching hospitals in the United States and Canada between 1990 and 1999. Rainfall, mean minimum and maximum temperature, and maximum monthly pollen and fungal spore (mold) counts recorded at the city closest to where the hospital is located were identified for each month data were reported to the Veterinary Medical Database. Associations between climatic and aeroallergen data and monthly prevalence of COPD were estimated by use of crosscorrelation and logistic regression models.Results—Significant positive correlations were found between prevalence of COPD and rainfall 3 months previously, minimum temperature 1 and 2 months previously, total pollen counts measured 3 months previously, and total mold counts measured during the same month and 1 month previously.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Outdoor aeroallergens and climatic factors may contribute to the occurrence of COPD in horses. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:818–824)
Use of serologic evaluation for antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus for detection of persistently infected calves in beef herds
Authors: Waldner Cheryl L. , Campbell John R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether use of serologic
evaluation of a sentinel sample of calves or cows for
antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)
would accurately predict whether an animal persistently
infected with BVDV could be detected in beef
herds.

Sample Population—27 cow-calf herds in which the
status of persistently infected calves was not known and
11 herds known to have persistently infected calves.

Procedure—Detection of persistently infected calves
was determined through immunohistochemical testing
of tissue obtained at necropsy of all calves that
died during calving season and skin (ear notch) specimens
obtained from all young stock in the fall of
2002. Serum samples were collected from 30 springborn
calves and 10 mature cows.

Results—Optimum serologic test performance at
time of weaning was detected when 10 calves were
evaluated. At least 3 of 10 randomly selected calves
were likely to have a titer > 1:1,000 against BVDV
type I or II in 53% of herds in which a persistently
infected calf was detected during that year (sensitivity,
53%). However, at least 3 of 10 randomly selected
calves were also likely to have a titer > 1:1,000 in
20% of herds that did not have a persistently infected
calf detected during that year (specificity, 80%).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Despite the
use of a number of various cutoff values and sample
sizes, serologic evaluation of a small number of calves
or cows could not be used to accurately predict the
presence of persistently infected cattle in a herd. (Am
J Vet Res 2005;66:825–834)
Correlation of results of pulmonary computed tomography and pathologic findings in mice with Pasteurella-induced pneumonia
Authors: Armbrust Laura J. , Mosier Derek A. , Nelson Ethany L. , Hart Marcy L. , Chapes Stephen K. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine correlation between results
of computed tomography (CT) versus pathologic
examination for determining the volume percentage
of affected lung in mice experimentally infected with
Pasteurella pneumotropica.

Animals—30 adult mice.

Procedure—After helical CT scans on day 0, mice
were inoculated intranasally with P pneumotropica.
Repeat CT scans were performed on days 1, 2, 3, 4,
6, 8, 10, and 13. Regions of interest (affected areas)
were manually drawn on the CT images, and percentage
volume of normal lung was calculated by use
of 3 methods: first-day volume, largest volume, and
last-day volume. Three mice were euthanatized for
pathologic evaluation after each scan day. The lungs
were examined with a dissection microscope, and
lesion scores were assigned on the basis of percentage
volume of pneumonia. Correlation coefficients
comparing results of the 3 CT methods with results
of gross examination were calculated.

Results—Lung abnormalities were detected via dissection
microscopy by postinfection day 2 and via CT
by days 2 or 3. Correlation coefficients for the 3 CT
methods of analysis, compared with pathologic findings,
were 0.7 via first-day lung volume, 0.8 via
largest lung volume, and 0.8 via last-day lung volume.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of CT
correlated well with results of dissection microscopy
for estimating percentage volume of lung affected by
pneumonia in mice experimentally infected with
P pneumotropica. This method may be useful for longitudinal
studies of pneumonia in mice. (Am J Vet Res
2005;66:835–838)
Effect of daily administration of pyrantel tartrate in preventing infection in horses experimentally challenged with Sarcocystis neurona
Authors: Rossano Mary G. , Schott II Harold C. , Kaneene John B. , Murphy Alice J. , Kruttlin Elizabeth A. , Hines Melissa T. , Sellon Debra C. , Patterson Jon S. , Elsheikha Hany M. , Dubey J. P. , Mansfield Linda S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether daily administration of pyrantel tartrate can prevent infection in horses experimentally challenged withSarcocystis neurona.Animals—24 mixed-breed specific-pathogen-free weanling horses, 10 adult horses, 1 opossum, and 6 mice.Procedure—Sarcocystis neurona-naïve weanling horses were randomly allocated to 2 groups. Group A received pyrantel tartrate at the labeled dose, and group B received a nonmedicated pellet. Both groups were orally inoculated with 100 sporocysts/d for 28 days, 500 sporocysts/d for 28 days, and 1,000 sporocysts/ d for 56 days. Blood samples were collected weekly, and CSF was collected monthly. Ten seronegative adult horses were monitored as untreated, uninfected control animals. All serum and CSF samples were tested by use of western blot tests to detect antibodies againstS neurona. At the end of the study, the number of seropositive and CSF-positive horses in groups A and B were compared by use of the Fisher exact test. Time to seroconversion on the basis of treatment groups and sex of horses was compared in 2 univariable Cox proportional hazards models.Results—After 134 days of sporocyst inoculation, no significant differences were found between groups A and B for results of western blot tests of serum or CSF. There were no significant differences in number of days to seroconversion on the basis of treatment groups or sex of horses. The control horses remained seronegative.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Daily administration of pyrantel tartrate at the current labeled dose does not preventS neuronainfection in horses. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:846–852)
Risk factors associated with herd-level exposure of cattle in Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota to bluetongue virus
Authors: Green Alice L. , Dargatz David A. , Schmidtmann Edward T. , Herrero Marco V. , Seitzinger Ann H. , Ostlund Eileen N. , Wagner Bruce A. , Moser Kathryn M. , Wineland Nora E. , Walton Thomas E. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate herd-level risk factors for
seropositive status of cattle to 1 or more bluetongue
viruses.

Animals—110 herds of cattle in Nebraska, North
Dakota, and South Dakota.

Procedure—Blood samples were collected before
and after the vector season. Samples were tested
for antibodies against bluetongue virus by use of a
commercially available competitive ELISA. Factors
evaluated included descriptors of geographic location
and management practices. Trapping of insect
vectors was conducted to evaluate vector status on
a subset of 57 operations. A multivariable logistic
regression model was constructed to evaluate associations.

Results—For the full data set, altitude and latitude
were associated with risk of having seropositive cattle
(an increase in altitude was associated with an
increase in risk, and a more northerly location was
associated with a decrease in risk of a premise having
seropositive cattle). Import of cattle from selected
states was associated with an increase in risk of having
seropositive cattle. From the subset of herds with
data on vector trapping, altitude and latitude were
associated with risk of having seropositive cattle, similar
to that for the full model. However, commingling
with cattle from other herds was associated with a
decrease in risk of seropositivity.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings
reported here may be useful in generating additional
hypotheses regarding the ecologic characteristics of
bluetongue viruses and other vector-borne diseases
of livestock. Sentinel surveillance programs are useful
for documenting regionalization zones for diseases,
which can be beneficial when securing international
markets for animals and animal products. (Am J Vet
Res 2005;66:853–860)
Effect of desmopressin on von Willebrand factor multimers in Doberman Pinschers with type 1 von Willebrand disease
Authors: Callan Mary Beth , Giger Urs , Catalfamo James L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To assess the effect of desmopressin
(DDAVP) administration in Doberman Pinschers with
type 1 von Willebrand disease (vWD) on plasma von
Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers through determination
of vWF collagen binding activity (vWF:CBA; a
functional vWF assay dependent on the presence of
high–molecular-weight [HMW] multimers), comparison
of vWF antigen concentration (vWF:Ag) to
vWF:CBA, and vWF multimer size distribution.

Animals—16 Doberman Pinschers with type 1 vWD
and 5 clinically normal control dogs.

Procedure—Plasma vWF:Ag and vWF:CBA assays
and vWF multimer analysis were performed before
and 1 hour after administration of DDAVP (1 µg/kg,
SC).

Results—Following DDAVP administration, dogs with
type 1 vWD had an increase in mean baseline values
of plasma vWF:Ag and vWF:CBA from 10% to 17%
for both variables. The mean vWF Ag:CBA ratio at
baseline (0.95) was similar after DDAVP administration
(0.97), indicating concordant increases in plasma
vWF concentration and activity. In control dogs, mean
plasma vWF:Ag and vWF:CBA increased from baseline
values of 64% to 113% and 58% to 114%,
respectively, and the vWF Ag:CBA ratios were
unchanged (1.1 vs 1.0) after DDAVP administration.
Plasma vWF multimer analysis revealed proportional
increases in band intensity for all multimer sizes following
DDAVP administration, in comparison to baseline
for the control dogs and Doberman Pinschers
with vWD, consistent with vWF Ag:CBA ratios of
approximately 1.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Beneficial
effects of DDAVP on primary hemostasis in
Doberman Pinschers with type 1 vWD cannot be
explained by preferential increases in HMW vWF multimers.
(Am J Vet Res 2005;66:861–867)
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in clinically ill cats in the United States
Authors: Vollaire Melissa R. , Radecki Steven V. , Lappin Michael R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine regional seroprevalence estimates ofToxoplasma gondii-specific IgM and IgG in clinically ill cats throughout the United States.Sample Population—Sera from 12,628 clinically ill, client-owned cats.Procedure—Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by use of ELISAs. Sera from clinically ill cats previously submitted forT gondiiantibody testing were sequentially selected from our serum bank and the sample submission paperwork reviewed. The country was divided into 12 geographic regions. Overall prevalence as well as prevalence for each region, age group, season, sex (male vs female), and breed (domestic shorthair vs other) was calculated. Data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results—Overall, 31.6% of the cats were seropositive forT gondii-specific IgM, IgG, or both. Percentage of cats seropositive forT gondiiantibodies ranged from 16.1% (southwestern United States) to 43.5% (northeastern United States). As age increased, odds of positiveT gondiiantibody assay results (IgM alone, IgG alone, and any combination of IgM or IgG) increased. Males were more likely than females to be seropositive forT gondiiantibodies (IgG alone and any combination of IgM or IgG). Domestic shorthair cats were more likely than other breeds to be seropositive forT gondiiantibodies (IgM alone, IgG alone, and any combination of IgM or IgG).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies are common in serum samples of clinically ill cats from all regions of the United States. Seroprevalence increases as cats age and is higher in male and domestic shorthair cats, compared with females and other breeds. (Am J Vet Res2005; 66:874–877)
Comparison of thermal dilution and electrical impedance dilution methods for measurement of cardiac output in standing and exercising horses
Authors: Wilkins Pamela A. , Boston Raymond C. , Gleed Robin D. , Dobson Alan 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare cardiac output measured in
the pulmonary artery and a carotid artery by use of
thermal and electrical impedance dilution.

Animals—7 fit, clinically normal Standardbreds
between 2 and 5 years of age.

Procedure—Transient changes in electrical impedance
and temperature of blood were induced by bolus
injections of ice-cold saline hypertonic (6% and 9%
NaCl) solutions. Cardiac output was calculated by
applying Stewart-Hamilton principles to the indicator
dilution transients. Measurements were made during
sequential exercise episodes on a level treadmill over
approximately an 8-fold range of cardiac output values.

Results—We detected agreement between cardiac
output determined by use of electrical impedance
dilution at the pulmonary artery and carotid artery.
Cardiac output from thermal dilution measured at the
carotid artery exceeded that measured at the pulmonary
artery. Cardiac output from the thermal dilution
technique exceeded cardiac output from the electrical
impedance dilution technique at both locations.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The electrical
impedance indicator is conserved on first transit;
therefore cardiac output measured by electrical
impedance dilution at the carotid artery is reliable over
a large range of values. Thermal dilution provides a
larger estimate of cardiac output, compared with the
electrical impedance dilution technique, probably
because of a loss of indicator. The transpulmonary
electrical impedance dilution technique may have
potential for clinical application, particularly in animals
in which catheterization of the pulmonary artery is not
appropriate or blood loss must be minimized. (Am J
Vet Res 2005;66:878–884)
Investigation of the effect of pamidronate disodium on the in vitro viability of osteosarcoma cells from dogs
Authors: Ashton Jenna A. , Farese James P. , Milner Rowan J. , Lee-Ambrose Linda M. , Gilder James M. van 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of pamidronate disodium on the in vitro viability of osteosarcoma cells and non-neoplastic cells from dogs.Sample Population—3 osteosarcoma and 1 fibroblast cell lines derived from dogs.Procedure—Cell counts and cell viability assays were performed in cultures of osteosarcoma cells (POS, HMPOS, and COS31 cell lines) and fibroblasts after 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation with pamidronate at concentrations of 0.001 to 1,000µM or with no drug (control treatment). Percentage viability was determined in cell samples for each concentration of pamidronate and each incubation time. A DNA fragmentation analysis was performed to assess bisphosphonate- induced apoptosis.Results—Osteosarcoma cell viability decreased significantly in a concentration- and time-dependent manner at pamidronate concentrations ranging from 100 to 1,000µM, most consistently after 48 and 72 hours' exposure. In treated osteosarcoma cells, the lowest percentage cell viability was 34% (detected after 72 hours' exposure to 1,000µM pamidronate). Conversely, 72 hours' exposure to 1,000µM pamidronate did not significantly reduce fibroblast viability (the lowest percentage viability was 76%). After 72 hours of exposure, pamidronate did not cause DNA fragmentation in POS or HMPOS cells.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that pamidronate may have the potential to inhibit osteosarcoma growth in dogs, possibly through a nonapoptotic mechanism. The clinical relevance of these in vitro findings remains to be determined, but administration of pamidronate may potentially be indicated as an adjuvant treatment in chemotherapeutic protocols used in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2005;66: 885–891)
Clinical and endocrine responses to treatment with deslorelin acetate implants in ferrets with adrenocortical disease
Authors: Wagner Robert A. , Piché Claude A. , Jöchle Wolfgang , Oliver Jack W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the clinical and endocrine responses of ferrets with adrenocortical disease (ACD) to treatment with a slow-release implant of deslorelin acetate.Animals—15 ferrets with ACD.Procedure—Ferrets were treated SC with a single slow-release, 3-mg implant of deslorelin acetate. Plasma estradiol, androstenedione, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were measured before and after treatment and at relapse of clinical signs; at that time, the adrenal glands were grossly or ultrasonographically measured and affected glands that were surgically removed were examined histologically.Results—Compared with findings before deslorelin treatment, vulvar swelling, pruritus, sexual behaviors, and aggression were significantly decreased or eliminated within 14 days of implantation; hair regrowth was evident 4 to 6 weeks after treatment. Within 1 month of treatment, plasma hormone concentrations significantly decreased and remained decreased until clinical relapse. Mean time to recurrence of clinical signs was 13.7 ± 3.5 months (range, 8.5 to 20.5 months). In 5 ferrets, large palpable tumors developed within 2 months of clinical relapse; 3 of these ferrets were euthanatized because of adrenal gland tumor metastasis to the liver or tumor necrosis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In ferrets with ACD, a slow-release deslorelin implant appears promising as a treatment to temporarily eliminate clinical signs and decrease plasma steroid hormone concentrations. Deslorelin may not decrease adrenal tumor growth in some treated ferrets. Deslorelin implants may be useful in the long-term management of hormone-induced sequelae in ferrets with ACD and in treatment of animals that are considered at surgical or anesthetic risk. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:910–914)
In vitro comparison of RNA preparation methods for detection of feline calicivirus in urine of cats by use of a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay
Authors: Scansen Brian A. , Kruger John M. , Wise Annabel G. , Venta Patrick J. , Bartlett Paul C. , Maes Roger K. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare 5 methods of preparation of
RNA from feline urine samples for use in a feline calicivirus
(FCV), p30 gene-based, real-time reverse-transcriptase
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay.

Sample Population—Urine and blood samples from
6 specific-pathogen-free cats.

Procedures—Aliquots of each urine sample (unmodified,
centrifuged, or mixed with whole or hemolyzed
blood) were spiked with FCV and serially diluted in
urine. Serial dilutions of FCV in tissue culture medium
were used as positive controls. Viral RNA was prepared
via dilution and thermal inactivation (DT
method), polyethylene glycol precipitation (PEG
method), isolation with oligo(dT)25-coated magnetic
beads (dTMB method), or extraction by use of 2 silica
gel–based columns (RN or QA method). Lower detection
limits and mean RT-PCR threshold cycle (Ct) values
associated with each RNA preparation method
and sample type were compared.

Results—Because DT-prepared samples yielded negative
results via RT-PCR assay, this method was not evaluated.
Lower detection limits (TCID50/sample) for the
assay in urine were 1,950, 104, 11, and 7 for PEG-,
dTMB-, RN-, and QA-prepared samples, respectively. For
RN and QA preparations, Ct values were similar and significantly
lower than those for dTMB and PEG preparations.
Overall, urine modifications did not affect FCV RNA
detection in dTMB-, QA-, and RN-prepared samples.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Of the methods
evaluated, the RN and QA methods of RNA
preparation were most appropriate for the FCV RTPCR
assay. An RT-PCR assay optimized for detection
of FCV in feline urine may aid investigations of FCVinduced
urinary tract diseases in cats. (Am J Vet Res
2005;66:915–920)
Comparison of antibody detection assays for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 infections in horses
Authors: Hartley Carol A. , Wilks Colin R. , Studdert Michael J. , Gilkerson James R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare methods of detecting equine
herpesvirus type 1 (EHV1)- and EHV4-specific antibodies
in horse sera.

Sample Population—33 acute and convalescent
serum samples from experimentally or naturally
infected horses after confirmed EHV1 or EHV4 infection.

Procedure—For each sample, serum antibody titers
against EHV1 and EHV4 were determined by use of
virus neutralization (VN) and complement fixation (CF)
assays. The ELISA absorbance values for each serum
sample were determined against the EHV1 and EHV4
recombinant ELISA antigens. Values obtained for
acute and convalescent sera in each assay were compared.

Results—Following experimental infection of foals,
EHV1 or EHV4 antibodies that were specific for the
inoculating virus were detected only by use of the
ELISA. Results of VN and CF assays indicated that the
foals seroconverted to EHV1 and EHV4 following
infection with EHV4 only. After EHV1-induced abortion,
myeloencephalitis, or respiratory tract disease,
the VN and CF assay results revealed seroconversion
to EHV1 and EHV4, whereas results of the ELISA
revealed seroconversion to EHV1 only. Similarly, after
confirmed EHV4-induced respiratory tract disease,
increases in EHV4-specific antibodies were detected
only by use of the ELISA with no indication of an
increase in EHV1 antibodies. The CF and, to a lesser
degree, VN assays revealed that seroconversion to
EHV1 and EHV4 occurred between the time of
obtaining acute and convalescent serum samples.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The EHV1/
EHV4 type-specific antibody ELISA clearly identifies
horses that have been infected with EHV1 or EHV4 by
use of acute and convalescent sera. Results of VN and
CF assays indicate that cross-reactive antibodies greatly
limit their use. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:921–928)