bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The angiosome territories of the spinal cord: exploring the issue of preoperative spinal angiography
Authors: Hong Michael K.-Y. , Hong Matthew K.-H. , Pan Wei-Ren , Wallace David , Ashton Mark W. , Taylor G. Ian 
Published: March 2008

ObjectThe angiosome concept has been the subject of extensive research by the senior author (G.I.T.), but its specific applicability to the spinal cord was hitherto unknown. The aim of this study was to see if the spinal cord vasculature followed the angiosome concept and to review the usefulness of preoperative spinal angiography in surgery for spinal disorders. Spinal cord infarction and permanent paraplegia may result from inadvertent interruption of the artery of Adamkiewicz. Spinal angiography, which may enable avoidance of this catastrophic complication, is still not commonly used.MethodsTwo fresh cadavers were injected with a gelatin–lead oxide mixture for detailed comparative study of spinal cord vasculature. One cadaver had insignificant vascular disease, whereas the other had extensive aortic atherosclerosis, presenting a unique opportunity for study. After removal from each cadaver, radiographs of the spinal cords were obtained, then photographed, and the vascular territories of the cords were defined.ResultsFour angiosome territories were defined: vertebral, subclavian, posterior intercostal, and lumbar. These vascular territories were joined longitudinally by true anastomotic channels along the anterior and posterior spinal cord. Anastomosis between the anterior and posterior vasculature was poor in the thoracolumbar region. The anterior cord relied on fewer feeder arteries than the posterior, and the anterior thoracolumbar cord depended on the artery of Adamkiewicz for its supply. In chronic aortic disease with intercostal artery occlusion at multiple levels, a rich collateral circulation supporting the spinal cord was found.ConclusionsThe arterial supply of the spinal cord follows the angiosome concept. The atherosclerotic specimen supports the suggestion that the blood supply is able to adapt to gradual vascular occlusion through development of a collateral circulation. Nevertheless, the spinal cord is susceptible to ischemia when faced with acute vascular occlusion. This includes inadvertent interruption of the artery of Adamkiewicz. The authors recommend the use of preoperative spinal angiography to prevent possible paraplegia in removal of thoracolumbar spinal tumors.
Mechanistic insights into posttraumatic syringomyelia based on a novel in vivo animal model
Authors: Seki Toshitaka , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: March 2008

Object
Although posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) develops in up to 30% of patients after spinal cord injury (SCI), the pathophysiology of this debilitating complication is incompletely understood. To provide greater insight into the mechanisms of this degenerative sequela of SCI, the authors developed and characterized a novel model of PTS.

Methods
The spinal cords of 64 female Wistar rats were injured by 35-g modified aneurysm clip compression at the level of T6–7. Kaolin (5 μl of 500 mg/ml solution) was then injected into the subarachnoid space rostral to the site of the injury to induce inflammatory arachnoiditis in 22 rats. Control groups received SCI alone (in 21 rats), kaolin injection alone (in 15 rats), or laminectomy and durotomy alone without injury (sham surgery in 6 rats).

Results
The combination of SCI and subarachnoid kaolin injection resulted in a significantly greater syrinx formation and perilesional myelomalacia than SCI alone; SCI and kaolin injection significantly attenuated locomotor recovery and exacerbated neuropathic pain (mechanical allodynia) compared with SCI alone. We observed that combined SCI and kaolin injection significantly increased the number of terminal deoxytransferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeled–positive cells at 7 days after injury (p < 0.05 compared with SCI alone) and resulted in a significantly greater extent of astrogliosis and macrophage/microglial-associated inflammation at the lesion (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The combination of compressive/contusive SCI with induced arachnoiditis results in severe PTS and perilesional myelomalacia, which is associated with enhanced inflammation, astrogliosis, and apoptotic cell death. The development of delayed neurobehavioral deficits and neuropathic pain in this model accurately reflects the key pathological and clinical conditions of PTS in humans.
A Nonvolatile Organic Memory Device Using ITO Surfaces Modified by Ag‐Nanodots
Authors: Kondo Takeshi , Lee Sang Min , Malicki Michal , Domercq Benoit , Marder Seth R. , Kippelen Bernard 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report on a single‐layer organic memory device made of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) embedded between an Al electrode and ITO modified with Ag nanodots (Ag‐NDs). Devices exhibit high ON/OFF switching ratios of 104. This level of performance could be achieved by modifying the ITO electrodes with some Ag‐NDs that act as trapping sites, reducing the current in the OFF state. Temperature dependence of the electrical characteristics suggest that the current of the low‐resistance state can be attributed to Schottky charge tunnelling through low‐resistance pathways of Al particles in the polymer layer and that the high‐resistance state can be controlled by charge trapping by the Al particles and Ag‐NDs.
Sulphonated “Click” Dendrimer‐Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Catalysts for Olefin Hydrogenation and Suzuki Coupling Reactions Under Ambient Conditions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Ornelas Cátia , Ruiz Jaime , Salmon Lionel , Astruc Didier 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWater‐soluble 1,2,3‐triazolyl dendrimers were synthesized by “click chemistry” and used to stabilize palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs). These new “click” dendrimer‐stabilized nanoparticles (DSN) are highly stable to air and moisture and are catalytically active for olefin hydrogenation and Suzuki coupling reaction, in aqueous media, under ambient conditions using a low amount of palladium (0.01 mol% Pd). Kinetic studies show high catalytic efficiency and high stability for the new “click” DSN in both reactions. The complexation of potassium tetrachloropalladate (K2PdCl4) to the triazole ligands present in the dendritic structures was monitored by UV/vis and, after reduction, the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Alkenes with Dimethyl Diazomalonate
Authors: González‐Bobes Francisco , Fenster Michaël D. B. , Kiau Susanne , Kolla Laxma , Kolotuchin Sergei , Soumeillant Maxime 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe outstanding ability of dirhodium α,α,α′,α′‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐benzenedipropanoate [Rh2(esp)2; esp=α,α,α′,α′‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐benzenedipropanoate] to catalyze the cyclopropanation of a wide range of alkenes with malonate‐derived carbenoids under mild reaction conditions is reported in this communication. The experimental protocol is remarkably simple, uses readily accessible and stable dimethyl diazomalonate with very low catalyst loading. More importantly, the alkene is employed as a limiting reagent.
5‐Chloro‐7‐iodo‐8‐quinolinolatomanganese(III) with the Feature of pH‐Regulated Molecular Switches as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Epoxidation of Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Zhong Sheng , Fu Zaihui , Tan Yueming , Xie Qingji , Xie Fang , Zhou Xiaoping , Ye Zhengpei , Peng Guosheng , Yin Dulin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA simple 5‐chloro‐7‐iodo‐8‐quinolinolato‐manganese(III) complex with the feature of pH‐regulated molecular switches was conveniently synthesized and found to be a novel and highly efficient catalyst for the epoxidation of olefins with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in water‐acetone media containing ammonium acetate and acetic acid as additives. This should be due to its special hexadentate binding structure that could be easily converted to the corresponding pentadentate form with a pendant hydroxy group via the opening of an axial MnO bond in the reaction media, as supported by in situ cyclic voltammetry and UV‐vis spectra characterization.
Organocatalytic anti‐Mannich Reactions with Dihydroxyacetone and Acyclic Dihydroxyacetone Derivatives: A Facile Route to Amino Sugars
Authors: Zhang Haile , Ramasastry S. S. V. , Tanaka Fujie , Barbas Carlos F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe first primary amine‐containing amino acid‐catalyzed anti‐Mannich reactions of dihydroxyacetone and acyclic dihydroxyacetone derivatives with a variety of imines have been developed. This approach complements proline‐based strategies in the preparation of amino sugars.
Gas‐solids flow structures in a novel circulating‐turbulent fluidized bed
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Zhu Jesse 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this article a novel circulating‐turbulent fluidized bed (C‐TFB) featured by high solids holdup and high gross solids circulation has been introduced and tested. The purpose of the new design was to integrate conventional circulating and turbulent fluidized beds into a unique high‐density fluidization system for more efficient gas‐solid contact and significantly reduced solids backmixing. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the C‐TFB were analyzed in terms of differential pressure, solids concentration, particle velocity, and local solids flux distributions. An axial homogeneous flow structure was easily obtained with cross‐sectional average solids volume concentrations higher than 0.25 throughout the entire C‐TFB. At all measuring positions there was no net downflow of solids and a good gas‐solid mixing was observed. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Osteoporosis in a chinese population due to occupational exposure to lead
Authors: Sun Yi , Sun Donghong , Zhou Zhijun , Zhu Guoying , Zhang Haiying , Chang Xiuli , Lei Lijian , Jin Taiyi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies indicate that lead may exert actions both directly on osteoblast and osteoclast function, and indirectly via kidney dysfunction on bone turnover. The main focus of this study was to investigate whether occupational lead exposure is associated with low bone mass in a population working in a storage battery plant.MethodsMonophoton absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the population and the Z score was introduced to define osteoporosis (Z score <−2). Lead concentration of urine and blood was determined by graphite‐furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry as an exposure biomarker. A total of 249 persons (191 males and 58 females) participated and completed a questionnaire in order to obtain information on height, weight, age, medical and drug history, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, job position, work year, physical exercise, etc.ResultsThe BMD was significantly decreased in the groups of the high urinary lead (UPb) level compared with the low UPb level with a significant difference (P < 0.05) in both genders, but no such significant difference was observed in the relationship between blood lead (BPb) and BMD. The prevalence of osteoporosis would increase significantly with the increase of the UPb (P < 0.01) in the linear correlation manner (P < 0.01). There was also such a significant relationship between BPb and osteoporosis (P < 0.01). There was a dose–response relationship between lead exposure and prevalence of osteoporosis.ConclusionsIn contrast to BPb, UPb had a more close relationship with osteoporosis caused by lead. It was concluded that occupational exposure to lead is associated with osteoporosis. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:436–442, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Properties of polyacrylonitrile‐N‐(2‐hydroxy) propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride blend films and fibers
Authors: Mivehi Leila , Hajir Bahrami S. , Malek Reza M. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA water‐soluble chitosan derivative namely, N‐(2‐hydroxy) propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) was synthesized by the reaction of chitosan with glycidyltrimethyl ammonium chloride in a neutral aqueous condition and solution blended with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in an organic solvent. Polymeric films were made by casting, and they were dyed with an acid dye, a basic dye, and mixture of them. Results obtained from differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and dyeing show that these polymers are immiscible even at low percentage of HTCC (lower than 20%). However, at higher ratio, the phase separation takes place. Fibers obtained from this blend system by wet‐spinning technique show a good mechanical properties and increasing the amount of HTCC causes an increment in the mechanical strength of the fibers up to 20% of HTCC and beyond that due to phase separation mechanical strength reduces. Blending PAN with HTCC improves the dyeing behavior of the films and fibers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Non‐labeled detection of waterborne pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum using a polydiacetylene‐based fluorescence chip
Authors: Park Cheon Kyo , Kang Chang Duk , Sim Sang Jun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA non‐labeling fluorescence sensor system was developed using polydiacetylene (PDA) liposomes composed of 10,12‐pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) and 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DMPC) at a 8:2 molar ratio. The PDA liposomes were immobilized onto an amine‐coated glass surface using peptide bonding between the carboxyl group of the liposome and the amine group of the glass surface. The optimum ratio of the cross linker (NHS/EDC) to PDA liposome was determined to be 50% for strong immobilization of the liposomes. Residual carboxyl groups of the PDA liposomes were selectively biotinylated, followed by sequential binding of streptavidin and biotin‐antibody (bioreceptor). Finally, the performance of the PDA liposome chip was tested for detecting Cryptosporidium parvum, and yielded a detection limit of 1 × 103 oocysts/mL. From these results, it is expected that the PDA liposome chip will have high application potential for the detection of waterborne pathogens including C. parvum.
Synthesis and in vivo studies of carbohydrate‐based vaccines against group A Streptococcus
Authors: Simerska Pavla , Abdel‐Aal Abu‐Baker M. , Fujita Yoshio , Batzloff Michael R. , Good Michael F. , Toth Istvan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCarbohydrates, as carriers, providing numerous attachment points for the conjugation of peptide antigens and their optimal orientation for the recognition by cells of the immune system, reducing degradation of the attached peptide antigens and many other advantages make carbohydrate‐based vaccine highly promising approach. Multiple copies of a single group A streptococcal (GAS) M protein derived specific peptide antigens (J8 or J14) were coupled onto carbohydrate cores (D‐glucose and D‐galactose) linked to lipophilic amino acids to produce a self‐adjuvanting liposaccharide vaccine against GAS strains. In vivo experiments showed high serum IgG antibody titers against each of the incorporated peptide epitopes, J8 or J14. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 611–616, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
A poke in the eye: Inhibiting HIV‐1 protease through its flap‐recognition pocket
Authors: Damm Kelly L. , Ung Peter M. U. , Quintero Jerome J. , Gestwicki Jason E. , Carlson Heather A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA novel mechanism of inhibiting HIV‐1 protease (HIVp) is presented. Using computational solvent mapping to identify complementary interactions and the Multiple Protein Structure method to incorporate protein flexibility, we generated a receptor‐based pharmacophore model of the flexible flap region of the semiopen, apo state of HIVp. Complementary interactions were consistently observed at the base of the flap, only within a cleft with a specific structural role. In the closed, bound state of HIVp, each flap tip docks against the opposite monomer, occupying this cleft. This flap‐recognition site is filled by the protein and cannot be identified using traditional approaches based on bound, closed structures. Virtual screening and dynamics simulations show how small molecules can be identified to complement this cleft. Subsequent experimental testing confirms inhibitory activity of this new class of inhibitor. This may be the first new inhibitor class for HIVp since dimerization inhibitors were introduced 17 years ago. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 643–652, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Angiotensin II induces endothelial cell senescence via the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases
Authors: Shan HaiYan , Bai XiaoJuan , Chen XiangMei 
Published: March 2008

AbstractVascular endothelial cells have a finite cell lifespan and eventually enter an irreversible growth arrest, cellular senescence. The functional changes associated with cellular senescence are thought to contribute to human aging and age‐related cardiovascular disorders, for example, atherosclerosis. Angiotensin II (Ang II), a principal effector of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS), an important signaling molecule involved in atherogenic stimuli, is known to promote aging and cellular senescence. In the present study, induction of Ang II promoted a growth arrest with phenotypic characteristics of cell senescence, such as enlarged cell shapes, increased senescence‐associated ß‐galactosidase (SA‐ß‐gal) positive staining cells, and depressed cell proliferation. Ang II drastically decreased the expression level of Bcl‐2, in part via the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). Our results suggest that Ang II can induce HUVEC senescence; one of its molecular mechanisms is a probability that the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway is involved in the process of pathological and physiological senescence of endothelial cells as well as vascular aging. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secondary genomic rearrangements involving immunoglobulin or MYC loci show similar prevalences in hyperdiploid and nonhyperdiploid myeloma tumors
Authors: Gabrea Ana , Martelli Maria Luisa , Qi Ying , Roschke Anna , Barlogie Bart , Shaughnessy John D. , Sawyer Jeffrey R. , Kuehl W. Michael 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) is thought to involve at least two pathways, which generate hyperdiploid (HRD) or nonhyperdiploid (NHRD) tumors, respectively. Apart from chromosome content, the two pathways are distinguished by five primary immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) rearrangements (4p16, FGFR3, and MMSET; 6p21, CCND3; 11q13, CCND1; 16q23, MAF; 20q12, MAFB) that are present mainly in NHRD tumors. To determine the prevalence and structures of IGH, immunoglobulin (IG) light chain, and MYC genomic rearrangements in MM, we have done comprehensive metaphase fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses on 48 advanced MM tumors and 47 MM cell lines. As expected, the prevalence of the five primary IGH rearrangements was nearly 70% in NHRD tumors, but only 12% in HRD tumors. However, IGH rearrangements not involving one of the five primary partners, and IG light chain rearrangements, have a similar prevalence in HRD and NHRD tumors. In addition, MYC rearrangements, which are thought to be late progression events that sometimes do not involve an IG heavy or light chain locus, also have a similar prevalence in HRD and NHRD tumors. In contrast to the primary IGH rearrangements, which usually are simple balanced translocations, these other IG rearrangements usually have complex structures, as previously described for MYC rearrangements in MM. We conclude that IG light chain and MYC rearrangements, as well as secondary IGH rearrangements, make similar contributions to the progression of both HRD and NHRD MM tumors. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Future hydroclimatology of the Mekong River basin simulated using the high‐resolution Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) AGCM
Authors: Kiem Anthony S. , Ishidaira Hiroshi , Hapuarachchi Hapuarachchige P. , Zhou Maichun C. , Hirabayashi Yukiko , Takeuchi Kuniyoshi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAnalysis of future Japan Meteorological Agency atmospheric general circulation model (JMA AGCM) based climate scenarios for the Mekong River basin (MRB) indicates that annual mean precipitation will increase in the 21st century (2080–2099) by 4·2% averaged across the basin, with the majority of this increase occurring over the northern MRB (i.e. China). Annual mean temperatures are also projected to increase by approximately 2·6 °C (averaged across the MRB). As expected, these changes also lead to significant changes in the hydrology of the MRB. All MRB subbasins will experience an increase in the number of wet days in the ‘future’ and, importantly for sustainable water resources management and the mitigation of extreme events (e.g. floods and droughts), the magnitude and frequency of what are now considered extreme events are also expected to increase resulting in increased risk of flooding, but a reduction in the likelihood of droughts/low‐flow periods—assuming water extraction is kept at a sustainable level. Despite the fact that the climate change impact projections are associated with significant uncertainty, it is important to act now and put in place policies, infrastructure and mitigation strategies to protect against the increased flooding that could occur. In addition, despite this study indicating a decrease in the number of ‘low‐flow’ days, across most of the MRB, further analysis is needed to determine whether the reduction in low‐flow days is enough to compensate for (and sustain) the rapidly increasing population and development in the MRB. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating the evolution of vegetation cover and its hydrological impact in the Mekong River basin in the 21st century
Authors: Ishidaira Hiroshi , Ishikawa Yuichi , Funada Susumu , Takeuchi Kuniyoshi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe terrestrial biosphere plays a key role in regional energy and water cycles. Thus, for long‐term hydrological predictions, possible future changes in vegetation cover must be understood. This study examined the evolution of vegetation cover in the 21st century and its estimated impact on river discharge in the Mekong River basin. Based on climatic predictions (TYN SC 2·03) under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC SRES) A1FI, A2, B1, and B2, changes in vegetation type and the leaf area index (LAI) were simulated using a Lund‐Potsdam‐Jena‐Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (LPJ‐DGVM) and Terrestrial Biogeochemical Cycle Model (BIOME‐BGC). The estimated LAI was then used in the rainfall‐runoff analysis in the Yamanashi Distributed Hydrological Model (YHyM).The simulation results indicated a significant change in vegetation type mainly on the Tibetan Plateau and in mountainous areas, with the degree of change differing for each SRES scenario; LAI increases around the edge of the Tibetan Plateau and decreases in the lower reaches of the basin; and more conspicuous changes in river discharge in upstream areas than in the middle to lower reaches, mainly due to increases in precipitation in the plateau region. After the 2050s, the results suggested changes in river discharge will be slowed due to changes in evapotranspiration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.