bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of Modern Marketing in Hungary
Authors: Marber Allen S. 
Published: March 2007

Western businessmen should recognize that the countries of Eastern Europe are in different stages of economic development. Hungary has shown a remarkable degree of economic independence by emulating Western marketing techniques. Competition, much like Western "free enterprise," has been prominent in the Hungarian economy since the Revolution of 1956. The three sectors of the Hungarian economy (state; semi-private, composed of farm, industrial, and service cooperatives; and private) have shown various degrees of marketing sophistication in applying modern marketing concepts. The political uncertainty inherent in this socialist society has caused the development of a precarious marketing culture.
A Model for Determining the Validity of Faculty Ratings of University Administrator Effectiveness
Authors: Klein Gary D. , Denham Carolyn H. 
Published: March 2007

A study was conducted to investigate the validity of an instrument designed to measure university administrator effectiveness and to serve as a model for other validity studies of administrator rating scales. School deans and department chairmen were evaluated by their respective faculty members. It was reasoned that administrators would possess individual differences in effectiveness and that a valid test instrument would indicate such differences. Results showed significant differences among administrators on each factor (p < .01). Significant and high correlations should be expected between the original instrument requiring closed-ended responses and an alternative instrument requiring open-ended responses. All correlations were greater than .82 (p < .001).
The Relationship Between the Phi Coefficient and the G Index1
Authors: Janson Svante , Vegelius Jan 
Published: March 2007

The value of the phi coefficient (Φ) cannot, in general, be uniquely determined from the G index. Its value is shown to obey the inequalities G-1/3+ G ≤ Φ ≤ 1+ G/3- G if -1 < G < 1 When G equals -1 or 1 so does Φ. As a consequence of this Φ is too unstable over item reflection when used as a measure of similarity between individuals. G is a more suitable choice.
Estimation of Electrical Conductivity and Electromagnetic Shielding Characteristics of Graphite/Epoxy Laminates
Authors: Volpe Vincent 
Published: March 2007

The low electrical conductivity of advanced composites relative to metals presents the design engineer with potential problems when utilizing composites in the construction of primary aircraft components. This con ductivity is the key material property that governs the vulnerability of sensitive circuitry inside an aircraft when exposed to electromagnetic inter ference due to lightning, nuclear detonations or powerful transmitters. This paper presents experimentally verified analytical expression to esti mate the basic electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding charac teristics of bare and protected graphite/epoxy laminates. These expressions can be used to compare the electrical performance of various configura tions of graphite/epoxy laminates and candidate protective coatings that will improve the shielding characteristics.
Interlaminar Stresses at a Hole in a Composite Member Subjected to In-Plane Loading
Authors: Carlsson Leif 
Published: March 2007

This paper presents results from a numerical and experimental study of interlaminar stresses and damage in a 28-ply graphite/epoxy composite member with a 6 mm cir cular hole subjected to in-plane loading. The free span length and width of the specimen investigated were both 24 mm. The numerical results of a three-dimensional finite element analysis show that high interlaminar stress gradients occur at the intersections of the ply interfaces and the free edge. The largest positive value of the interlaminar normal stress, which is about 0.3 times the mean in-plane compressive stress, occurs perpendicularly to the loading direction at the hole boundary between the second and third plies. The experimental part of this study concerned damage detection for structural members subjected to compression fatique loading. Tetrabromoethane (TBE)-enhanced X-Ray techniques combined with sectioning of the samples showed that the damage consisted of transverse matrix cracks in the 0° plies at a tangent to the hole boundary and delamination at the hole boundary perpendicular to the loading direction. The transverse matrix cracks are attributed to the high in-plane shear stresses which must balance the axial stress concentration. The observed delamination damage is located in regions with the highest calculated positive interlaminar normal stress.
Development and Testing of Bamboo-Fibres Reinforced Plastic Composites
Authors: Jindal U.C. 
Published: March 2007

Many researchers in the past have developed composites with natural fibres such as of sisal, henequen, jute and palm; but the work on the bamboo-fibre reinforced com posites is not available in the literature published so far. In the present work, an effort has been made to develop bamboo-fibre reinforced plastic (BFRP) composites using a simple casting technique. These composites have been tested for tensile strength, impact strength and Young's modulus of elasticity. It has been observed that these composites possess high strength and ductility and are useful for many structural applications. The ultimate tensile strength of some BFRP composites is more or less equal to the ultimate tensile strength of mild steel, while their density is approximately one eighth of the density of mild steel. The mechanical behaviour of these composites is similar to other commonly used composites such as Glass fibre reinforced plastics.
Guided Imagery in Education
Authors: Galyean Beverly-Colleene , Krishnamurti J. 
Published: March 2007

Guided imagery, a technique involving introspection, awareness of inner imagery and symbolic expression, focusing and subsequent heightened self-understanding, has recently come to the attention of educators as a valuable tool for learning on many levels. Classroom observations, articles and research reports, workshops and conferences on humanistic/holistic/ transpersonal education show that educators tend to use imagery processes for one or more of the following purposes: ( a) higher consciousness; (b) re laxation and receptivity to learning; (c) increased mastery of information. Although much research needs to be done in the field of imagery in education and transpersonal approaches to learning, successes from various projects lead us to conclude that education models of the future will include imagery activities as a core aspect of the standard curriculum.
Authentic Presence and Compassionate Wisdom: the Art of Jim Bugental
Authors: Mahoney Michael J. 
Published: March 2007

This article offers a personal documentation of the contributions of James F. T. Bugental to the author's personal and professional development. Bugental's authenticity and presence, in both his writings and clinical work, are discussed in terms of their reflection of a compassionate wisdom regarding a process-focused approach to experiencing and to psychological services. Drawing on the Bugentalian metaphor of life and psychotherapy as journeying, the article concludes with a poem that speaks to the dynamics and depths of all personal pilgrimages. I am not the person who began to practice counseling or psychotherapy more than 30 years ago in an army hospital. And the changes in me are not solely those worked by time, education, and the life circumstances shared by most of my generation. A powerful force affecting me has been my participation in so many lives. A psychotherapist had best recognize that the profession will continually press on her or him to change and evolve. -Jim Bugental Psychotherapy and Process: The Fundamentals of an Existential-Humanistic Approach
Paroling Policy Feedback
Authors: Hoffman Peter B. 
Published: March 2007

Parole board members make two types of decisions about parole: individual case decisions and paroling policy decisions. The latter set the framework within which the former are made. Paroling policy decisions generally are not explicitly stated. The lack of clearly articulated policy guidelines has resulted in considerable criticism of parole board decision-making practices. This report describes a study being conducted in collaboration with the parole board members of the Youth Correction Division of the United States Board of Parole. The aim is to provide a feed back device capable of making more explicit the presently implicit policies used in making case decisions. A feedback device of this type may enable parole board members to: compare actual poli cies with those desired and take corrective action if indicated, reduce disparity in individual case decision-making by noting deci sions which appear to vary substantially from usual practice, and reduce the criticism leveled against the parole board as having unfettered discretion. The relationships between decision-makers' evaluations of four specific case factors (severity of the offense, institutional program participation, institutional discipline, and chances of favorable parole outcome) and paroling decisions are studied. From these relationships, a method of describing and articulating implicit paroling policy is demonstrated; and preliminary results concerning the relative weights given to the above factors in practice are described.
The Development of a Parolee Classification System Using Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Brown Lawrence D. 
Published: March 2007

A parolee classification system using discriminant analysis is presented. Approximately 13,000 parolees released in 1969 and followed for two years constitute the data base. The sample is split into two parts so that the model can be first tested and then validated. The results of both the test and holdout samples suggest that the discriminant model is quite useful for classifying parolees into "good" versus "poor" parole risks. When we compare the multivariate results with those obtained using un ivariate analysis, we show that the multivariate results are superior to the un ivariate results and demonstrate that results generated from univariate analyses can be quite misleading. In particular, it is demonstrated that the "best" univariate discriminator is a relatively poor multivariate discriminator. Moreover, the best multivariate discriminator appears to be a far less impor tant discriminator in a univariate framework.
An Item Discriminability Study of Textually Explicit, Textually Implicit, and Scriptally Implicit Questions
Authors: Perkins Kyle , Brutten Sheila R. 
Published: March 2007

This paper reports the effect that background knowledge has on the item discriminability of reading comprehension items; item discriminability is an index of how well a test item discriminates bet ween weak and strong examinees in the ability being tested. The questions from three reading comprehension tests were placed into one of the following categories: (1) textually explicit; (2) textually implicit; and (3) scriptally implicit. An item discriminability index was computed for each item. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the three categories of itèms with respect to item discriminability and that reading comprehension items which are heavily dependent on background knowledge do not ex hibit good item discriminability. The findings indicate that researchers must control for background knowledge in a reading test when they use test products as the basis for making inferences about the pro cesses underlying reading comprehension.
Conditionnements sociaux des vocations sacerdotales en Pologne
Authors: Taras Piotr , Parzyszek J.C. 
Published: March 2007

The author draws up certain hypotheses on the social conditioning of priestly and religious vocations in Poland, on the basis of a survey realized in 1962. The survey shows the influence of the family, the social valorisation of the priestly life and the influence of priests, as factors favorable to the nurturing of priestly vocations. On the other hand the pattern of the priestly role, the renouncing of that which is socially valorised are negative factors in certain social environments. A new motivation appears in the social classes where the need for promotion is no longer imperative, linking the religious need to the perfection of the person. Such facts lead to a questionning of the way religion is inserted in society. In a second part, the author tries to understand the reasons for the disproportion noted between the large number of those who desire to enter the seminary and the actual number of candidates. The favorable factors (family environment, in fluence of priests) are neutralised by the attraction of a social success and especially by the image of the Church which perpetuates out-dated patterns of religiosity. The religious appears as peripheral and secondary in society because of the practice of the Church.
Elements of Religious Meaning in Science-Fiction Literature
Authors: Mörth Ingo 
Published: March 2007

La science-fiction en tant que genre littéraire représente une sphère de significations sans doute marginale, encore qu'elle soit solidement associée à la vie quotidienne. En analysant son contenu, on perçoit qu'il existe des relations singulières et intenses entre la science-fiction et la religion. Elles concernent non seulement des éléments formels propres à la pen sée utopique, mais également les structures matérielles du monde dans ses dimensions temporelles, spatiales et sociales. Les thèmes de la science-fiction et de la religion ont des racines communes: les limites du monde vivant. Mais en permettant de surmonter les frontières de la vie quotidienne, de ses origines et de sa destinée, la science-fiction opère une sorte de désenchantement de la sphère du religieux en permettant de substituer une spéculation illimitée à l'affirmation divine traditionnelle et aux certitudes qu'elle contient. L'Auteur analyse ces aspects de la science-fiction à travers différents livres importants de science-fiction. Il utilise pour ce faire l'approche d'A. Schutz et de Th. Luckmann. La relation thé matique entre la science-fiction et la religion le conduit à établir en quoi la spéculation utopique de la science-fiction constitue un véritable « culte », notamment par l'observation du groupe social de ceux qui y croient et lui confèrent une plausibilité sociale. Des exemples de ceci sont empruntés aux cas de l'Eglise de Scientolo gie et de certains groupes centrés sur l'existence d'un inconscient collectif et de civilisations extra-terrestres.
Cotton Fibers as Means of Transmitting Water Vapor
Authors: Fourt Lyman , Craig R. Allan , Rutherford Marjorie B. 
Published: March 2007

The water vapor transmission of fibers can be measured independent of any air space surrounding the fibers, by using sections cut from embedments of the fibers in polyacrylic resins. The rate of water vapor transmission, measured as the diffusion constant, is larger for cotton than for rayon, wool, nylon, or Dacron. The respective diffusion con stants are on the order of 134. 56. 39, 8 and 7 × 10 4 cm.2 sec., under the relatively moist conditions of the tests, between 54 and 93% relative humidity. White the possible influence of air in the lumen of cotton has not been completely evaluated, there is evidence that such influence has been reduced if not eliminated. How , ever, this same evidence indicates that the cotton fibers were in part in an altered condition as a result of the embedment. Even so, the results suggest that cotton is a good choice of fiber for high water vapor transmission along the fiber.
The Evaluation of the Spinning Properties of Man-Made Staple Fibers
Authors: Röder H.L. 
Published: March 2007

A survey is given of the five properties of individual fibers which determine behavior during processing—length, thickness, geometrical structure, surface layer, and the inside structure of the fiber. The geometrical structure consists of three elements: the length structure, the cross-sectional structure, and the surface structure. The existing spinning techniques have been based on length and thickness of the fibers. The complete conversion of fibers into yarns is divided into two main opera tions: those which lead to the formation of a card sliver and those which convert the card sliver into a yarn. The criteria for normal processing on the cotton system and on the worsted system are mentioned and illustrated with some data. The methods used for measurement of these fiber properties are described. They are subdivided into two categories : those by which properties of one fiber are measured and those by which the effect of the interaction of fibers is measured. Special attention is paid to those measuring techniques which have originally been developed in the Textile Research Department of the "Algemene Kunstzijde Unie," viz., equipment for measuring fiber length. linear density, crimp, surface friction, and stiffness (all of individual fibers) and equipment for determining sliver strength and drafting forces for assemblages of fibers. The behavior of fibers during processing is determined by their interactions. For this reason the determination of drafting forces is most effective in studying processing qualities of fibers. It is demonstrated that man-made fibers exhibit relativdy large drafting forces at drafts between 1.2 and 1.8. In this region drafting forces are much larger than those with cotton and probably those with wool fibers. Therefore, in the processing of man-made fibers. "breaking- draft" zones should be avoided. This is illustrated by the improvements brought about by two-line drafting on drawing frames, two-zone drafting on slubbing and roving frames. and elimination of the top-rollers on the back cylinder in the spinning machines of the cotton system when processing rayon polyamide and polyester fibers. A relation exists between the coefficients of friction of a staple fiber, the drafting forces as meas ured on the instrument. and the behavior of fibers during the conversion of slivers into yarns in actual processing.
Moments of Distributions and Their Interrelation
Authors: Whitwell J.C. , Wakelin J.H. 
Published: March 2007

In the field of textile research and processing, variability, both of raw material and of measurements, is unavoidable. It is explicitly implied, therefore, that analysis of data should involve an accounting of the variability and should include considerable information concerning the forms of the distribution encountered. In such a presentation, a knowledge of distribution relationships and interrelation ships is of paramount importance. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the relationships between the first few moments of several of the more common types of distributions and to point out a few applications in the analysis of data. Specific problems are in two general categories. First, related distributions, par ticularly those related by a power of the variable, as with number vs. length-biased distributions, will be considered. Second, several problems regarding the sampling of mixed distributions are included. The latter deal with samples from the strata which will comprise the blend or from the blend itself. In each of these situations the effect of single and of bulk samples is treated separately. Finally, some methods of establishing the forms of the distribution are noted for the use of those fortunate enough to be dealing with relatively large numbers of statistics.
Some Organizational Features in the Local Production of a Plausible Text*‡
Authors: Anderson Digby C. 
Published: March 2007

Given that written texts are characterized by indexicality and incompleteness; how is it that they are read and followed then judged adequate? In particular how are social scientific arguments read as plausible under such conditions? It is suggested that the very natural language that renders such arguments in principle problematic, provides a resource in its textual particulars for the repair of indexicality. The article analyzes some local textual features with methods borrowed from conversational analysis to demonstrate three reader/writer strategies 'age orientation', the categorization of a population as more than incidentally juvenile; establishing 'author authority' ; and 'investing' (apparently senseless actors with 'purpose'.
Habermas and Religious Inclusion
Authors: SHAW BRIAN J. 
Published: March 2007

Such a moral theology not only provides us with a convincing certainty of God's being, but it also has the great advantage that it leads us to religion, since it joins the thought of God firmly to our morality, and in this way it even makes better men of us. Kant, Lectures on Philosophical Theology This philosophy too, which takes up the thought of confederation in the concept of communicative, historically situated reason, will be able to provide no assurance ( keine Zuversicht); it stands in the sign of a transcendence from within and must content itself with the justified encouragement of a skeptical but non-defeatist “resistance to the gods and demons of a world contemptuous of man.” Habermas, “Israel oder Athen: Wem gehoert die anamnetische Vernunft?”
Of Matters Micro and Macro
Authors: RITCHIE L. DAVID , PRICE VINCENT 
Published: March 2007

Micro-macro issues are of continuing concern to many of the social sciences (see, e.g., Alexander, Giesen, Munch, & Smelser, 1987), and they are of particular importance to communication research. Communication has been described as a “cross-level” discipline, a field of scholarship concerned with processes operating simultaneously at many levels—cultural, social, psychological, and neurological (Paisley, 1984). Not surprisingly, there have been repeated calls for better theoretical integration of research across communication's constituent subfields (i.e., interpersonal, organizational, and mass communication). Similarly, within topical research areas such as health communication and political communication, there have been calls for “process” theories that address interrelationships among variables across levels. The cross-level nature of communication research can be viewed in several ways. Certainly it can be seen as a reflection of the phenomena we study. Human communication behaviors are complex, and they implicate processes at several levels, but the interest in integrating research and theory across levels can also be viewed, against the backdrop of organized institutional divisions within the modern university, as part of continuing efforts to define communication as a unified discipline in the social sciences.
Psychological Factors Influencing Physical Health in African American College Students
Authors: Belgrave Faye Z. , Molock Sherry D. , Kelley Keith S. , Nana-Sinham Patrick 
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of stress, health beliefs, health behaviors, and gender on physical health outcomes of African American college students. Measures of physical symptoms experienced and perception of health were used as indicators of physical health. The paper presents a model of the relationships among psychological and physical health variables and discusses support (and lack of support) for aspects of the model. Subjects were 59 African American students attending two universities in the Eastern region of the United States. A questionnaire that assessed health beliefs, health behaviors, stress, physical symptoms, and perception of health was administered to each subject. The results of regression analyses indicated that health beliefs and stress explained a significant amount of the variance of physical symptoms and that health behaviors explained a significant amount of the variance in perception of health. Physical symptoms and perception of health were not related to each other suggesting that these are independent concepts.