bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High levels of serum prostate‐specific antigen due to PSA producing follicular non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Oosterheert Jan Jelrik , Budel Leo M. , Vos Pieter , Wittebol Shulamiet 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective:  Both carcinoma of the prostate and non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma are common in elderly patients. Measurement of serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) is a frequently used tool to diagnose and monitor prostate carcinoma and is generally specific for diseases of the prostate.Case:  We describe a 68‐yr‐old patient with voiding difficulties and high PSA levels, but without inflammatory or malignant changes upon multiple transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies. Digital rectal examination was normal. Laboratory showed a strongly elevated PSA level (62 μg/L, Immulight 2000®; DPC, USA). A CT‐scan showed a retroperitoneal process with mass in the right pelvis and infiltration of the bladder wall, suggestive for metastatic prostate carcinoma. Surgical excision of an axillary lymph node set the diagnosis at a stage IV follicular lymphoma, Berard grade I to II in which the majority of neoplastic cells expressed PSA. After lymphoma‐specific treatment, there was a positron emission tomography (PET) confirmed complete remission with normal PSA levels (6 μg/L), which still persists.Conclusion:  Although rare, high PSA levels can be due to the presence of non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Such a diagnosis should be considered when patients present with lymphadenopathy other than regional prostatic lymphadenopathy.
Health education about occupational allergies and dermatoses for adolescents
Authors: Radulescu Magdalena , Bock Michael , Bruckner Thomas , Ellsäßer Gabriele , Fels Horst , Diepgen Thomas L. 
Published: June 2007

Summary Background: Occupational dermatoses and allergies are frequent and often affect individuals with atopic dermatitis. Our aim was to inform adolescents about potentially dangerous occupations, risk groups and preventive measures before they started apprenticeships in order to minimize the risk of occupational allergies or skin diseases. Methods: 1015 high‐school students were instructed by two dermatologists/ allergists (Heidelberg) and a teacher (Potsdam) in a 90‐minute instructional unit.This included the exemplification of occupational skin hazards and allergies, the identification of at‐risk persons, and application of preventive measures. A questionnaire was filled in by the students prior to and at least two weeks after the training. Results: In both regions, the students showed an increase in knowledge after the training, which was statistically significant higher in the Heidelberg region (6.6 points on average vs.4.4 points). 76% of students termed the subject matter as “important”, and 67% rated the teaching unit as “very good” or “good”. Conclusions: We demonstrate that students who have not yet chosen a career are highly interested in this subject, that the developed instructional unit is widely accepted, and that it leads to an increase in knowledge. Therefore we suggest nation‐wide implementation of this primary prevention measure in high‐schools.
A model of the effect of fungicides on disease‐induced yield loss, for use in wheat disease management decision support systems
Authors: Milne A. , Paveley N. , Audsley E. , Parsons D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA model of the effect of foliar‐applied fungicides on disease‐induced yield loss is described, parameterised and tested. The effects of fungicides on epidemics of Septoria tritici (leaf blotch), Puccinia striiformis (yellow rust), Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (powdery mildew) and Puccinia triticina (brown rust) on winter wheat were simulated using dose–response curve parameters. Where two or more active substances were applied together, their joint action was estimated using an additive dose model where the active substances had the same mode of action or a multiplicative survival model where the modes of action differed. By coupling the model with models of wheat canopy growth and foliar disease published previously, it was possible to estimate disease‐induced yield loss for a prescribed fungicide programme. The difference in green canopy area and, hence, interception of photosynthetically active radiation between simulated undiseased and diseased (but treated) crop canopies was used to estimate yield loss. The model was tested against data from field experiments across a range of sites, seasons and wheat cultivars and was shown to predict the observed disease‐induced yield loss with sufficient accuracy to support fungicide treatment decisions. A simple method of accounting for uncertainty in the predictions of yield loss is described. Fungicide product, dose and spray timing combinations selected using the coupled models responded appropriately to disease pressure and cultivar disease resistance.
Frequencies of feline blood types at a referral hospital in the south east of England
Authors: Forcada Y. , Guitian J. , Gibson G. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives:To determine the prevalence of blood types in the feline patients and blood donors of the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK), that were typed between 2000 and 2004.Methods:A retrospective study was performed using files of patients and blood donors of the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals seen between January 2000 and November 2004. Commercial blood typing cards were used to determine the blood type.Results:One hundred and fifty‐six cats were included in the study; 51 (32·7 per cent) were pedigree and 105 (67·3 per cent) non‐pedigree. Of the 51 pedigree cats, the prevalence of blood types was as follows: type A, 42 (82·4 per cent); type B, seven (13·7 per cent) and type AB, two (3·9 per cent). Of the 105 non‐pedigree cats, the prevalence of blood types was as follows: type A, 71 (67·6 per cent); type B 32 (30·5 per cent) and type AB two (1·9 per cent).ClinicalSignificance:The prevalence of type B blood in non‐pedigree cats is higher than previously suggested and shows high variability within the UK; because of this, blood typing all feline patients, not only the ones of a breed typically known to have higher prevalence of type B blood before transfusion, is absolutely necessary to avoid a fatal transfusion reaction.
Evaluation of disease activity markers in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: McCann T. M. , Ridyard A. E. , Else R. W. , Simpson J. W. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives:To evaluate the clinical utility of serum tumour necrosis factor‐α, C‐reactive protein and microalbuminuria as disease activity markers in canine idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease.Methods:Dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease for which no underlying cause could be identified were considered to have idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease and were included in the study. Serum tumour necrosis factor‐α was assessed using a canine‐specific ELISA, C‐reactive protein by immunoturbidometric assay and quantitative microalbuminuria was analysed using a monoclonal antibody directed against canine albumin. The canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index and histopathologic grade were used to assess disease severity; biologic markers were then compared with the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index and histopathologic grade.Results:Sixteen dogs were included in the study. C‐reactive protein level was mildly elevated in 15 dogs. Microalbuminuria was elevated in two of 15 dogs, and tumour necrosis factor‐α was not detected in any dog tested. No correlation was found between the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index and C‐reactive protein or microalbuminuria or between histopathologic grade and C‐reactive protein or microalbuminuria. There was no correlation between histopathologic grade and the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index.ClinicalSignificance:Although only a small number of dogs were evaluated, this study does not support the use of serum tumour necrosis factor‐α measured by canine‐specific ELISA or microalbuminuria in the evaluation of disease activity in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Although mildly elevated in most dogs, C‐reactive protein did not reflect disease severity as assessed by the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index or histopathologic grade.
Stabilisation of medial shoulder instability by imbrication of the subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion
Authors: Pettitt R. A. , Clements D. N. , Guilliard M. J. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion imbrication as a treatment for medial shoulder instability. Methods: Medial shoulder instability was diagnosed in five dogs. Initial management with medical or arthroscopic treatment failed to fully resolve lameness in four of the cases. Each case was treated by subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion imbrication. An anatomical model of medial shoulder instability was used to assess the effect of subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion imbrication on the angle of abduction of the shoulder. Results: In clinical study, subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion imbrication was performed in five cases. Lameness resolved fully in three cases and partially in two cases. In cadaver study, transection of either the subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion or the subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion and medial glenohumeral ligament significantly increased the angle of abduction. Imbrication of the subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion significantly reduced the angle of abduction. No significant differences were noted between the angle of abduction of normal shoulder and the shoulder with medial shoulder instability treated by subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion imbrication. Clinical Significance: Subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion imbrication is a moderately effective procedure for the management of medial shoulder instability unresponsive to medical and/or arthroscopic management. The angle of abduction of the shoulder was returned to normal in model of medial shoulder instability, following subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion. Subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion imbrication provides a relatively simple method of treating medial shoulder instability in dogs.
Tumor Selectivity at Short Times Following Systemic Administration of a Liposomal Temoporfin Formulation in a Murine Tumor Model
Authors: Svensson Jenny , Johansson Ann , Gräfe Susanna , Gitter Burkhard , Trebst Tilmann , Bendsoe Niels , Andersson‐Engels Stefan , Svanberg Katarina 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTMeso‐tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) (INN: Temoporfin) is one of the most potent photodynamically active substances in clinical use. Treatment protocols for Temoporfin‐mediated photodynamic therapy often rely on drug‐light intervals of several days in order for the photosensitizer to accumulate within the target tissue, though tumor selectivity is limited. Here, the mTHPC localization was studied at 2–8 h following systemic administration of a liposomal Temoporfin formulation (0.15 mg kg−1 b.w.) in HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma in NMRI nu/nu mice. Photosensitizer distribution within tumor and internal organs was investigated by means of high performance liquid chromatography following chemical extraction, as well as in situ fluorescence imaging and point‐monitoring fluorescence spectroscopy. For tumor tissue, the Temoporfin concentrations at 4 h (0.16 ± 0.024 ng mg−1) and 8 h (0.18 ± 0.064 ng mg−1) were significantly higher than at 2 h (0.08 ± 0.026 ng mg−1). The average tumor‐to‐muscle and the tumor‐to‐skin selectivity were 6.6 and 2, respectively, and did not vary significantly with time after photosensitizer injection. In plasma, the Temoporfin concentration was low (0.07 ± 0.07 ng mg−1) and showed no significant variation with time. Our results indicate a rapid biodistribution and clearance from the bloodstream. Within the same type of organ, data from both fluorescence methods generally exhibited a significant correlation with the extraction results.
UVA Self‐Photosensitized Oxygenation of β‐Ionone
Authors: Borsarelli Claudio D. , Mischne Mirta , Venia Agustina La , Vieyra Faustino E. Morán 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe steady‐state UVA (350 nm) photolysis of (E)‐β‐ionone (1) in aerated toluene solutions was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The formation of the 1,2,4‐trioxane (2) and 5,8‐endoperoxide (5) derivatives in the ratio of 4:1 was observed. Time‐resolved laser induced experiments at 355 nm, such as laser‐flash photolysis, photoacoustic and singlet oxygen 1O2 phosphorescence detection, confirmed the formation of the excited triplet state of 1 with a quantum yield ΦT = 0.50 as the precursor for the generation of singlet oxygen 1O2 (ΦΔ = 0.16) and the isomeric α‐pyran derivative (3), which was a reaction intermediate detected by NMR. In turn, the reaction of 1O2 with 1 and 3 occurred with rate constants of 1.0 × 106 and 2.5 × 108 m−1s−1 to yield the oxygenated products 5 and 2, respectively, indicating the relevance of the fixed s‐cis configuration in the α‐pyran ring in the concerted [2+4] cycloaddition of 1O2.
Effects of Substituents on Synthetic Analogs of Chlorophylls. Part 2: Redox Properties, Optical Spectra and Electronic Structure
Authors: Kee Hooi Ling , Kirmaier Christine , Tang Qun , Diers James R. , Muthiah Chinnasamy , Taniguchi Masahiko , Laha Joydev K. , Ptaszek Marcin , Lindsey Jonathan S. , Bocian David F. , Holten Dewey 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe optical absorption spectra and redox properties are presented for 24 synthetic zinc chlorins and 18 free base analogs bearing a variety of 3,13 (β) and 5,10,15 (meso) substituents. Results are also given for a zinc and free base oxophorbine, which contain the keto‐bearing isocyclic ring present in the natural photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to probe the effects of the types and positions of substituents on the characteristics (energies, electron distributions) of the frontier molecular orbitals. A general finding is that the 3,13 positions are more sensitive to the effects of auxochromes than the 5,10,15 positions. The auxochromes investigated (acetyl > ethynyl > vinyl > aryl) cause a significant redshift and intensification of the Qy band upon placement at the 3,13 positions, whereas groups at the 5,10,15 positions result in much smaller redshifts that are accompanied by a decrease in relative Qy intensity. In addition, the substituent‐induced shifts in first oxidation and reduction potentials faithfully track the energies of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), respectively. The calculations show that the LUMO is shifted more by substituents than the HOMO, which derives from the differences in the electron densities of the two orbitals at the substituent sites. The trends in the substituent‐induced effects on the wavelengths and relative intensities of the major features (By, Bx, Qx, Qy) in the near‐UV to near‐IR absorption bands are well accounted for using Gouterman’s four‐orbital model, which incorporates the effects of the substituents on the HOMO−1 and LUMO+1 in addition to the HOMO and LUMO. Collectively, the results and analysis presented herein and in the companion paper provide insights into the effects of substituents on the optical absorption, redox and other photophysical properties of the chlorins. These insights form a framework that underpins the rational design of chlorins for applications encompassing photomedicine and solar‐energy conversion.
FTIR Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of the Photochemistry of Matrix‐isolated Coumarin
Authors: Kuş Nihal , Breda Susana , Reva Igor , Tasal Erol , Ogretir Cemil , Fausto Rui 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe infrared spectrum of monomeric unsubstituted coumarin (C9H6O2; 2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one), isolated in solid argon at 10 K is presented and assigned. The UV‐induced (λ > 200 nm) unimolecular photochemistry of the matrix‐isolated compound was studied experimentally. Three main photoreactions were observed: (a) decarboxylation of the compound and formation of benzocyclobutadiene and CO2, with the Dewar form of coumarin as intermediate; (b) isomerization of the compound, leading to production of a conjugated ketene; and (c) decarbonylation, leading to formation of CO and benzofuran complex. Further decomposition of benzofuran to produce ethynol is suggested. Photochannels (a) and (b) correspond to those previously observed for matrix‐isolated α‐pyrone and its sulfur analogs (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2004, 6, 929; J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 6415), while route (c) is similar to the UV‐induced photochemistry of coumarin in the gaseous phase (J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 1095). Interpretation of the experimental data is supported by extensive calculations performed at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p), MP2/6‐31G(d,p) and MP2/6‐311++G(d,p) levels.
Photodynamic Therapy Treatment of Early Oral and Laryngeal Cancers†
Authors: Biel Merrill A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a nonsurgical, minimally invasive treatment that uses a light source to activate light‐sensitive drugs or photosensitizers in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. PDT has been successfully employed to treat early carcinomas of the oral cavity and larynx preserving normal tissue and vital functions of speech and swallowing. Two hundred seventy‐six patients with early carcinomas of the oral cavity and larynx were treated from 1990 to 2006. Cure rates with a single treatment for early laryngeal and oral cancers were 91% and 94%, respectively. PDT is an effective primary and alternative treatment modality for early oral cavity and laryngeal cancers.
Sequence‐dependent Interactions of Cationic Naphthalimides and Polynucleotides
Authors: McMasters Sun , Kelly Lisa A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe binding interactions of three naphthalimide derivatives with heteropoly nucleic acids have been evaluated using fluorescence, absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopies. Mono‐ and bifunctionalized naphthalimides exhibit sequence‐dependent variations in their affinity toward DNA. The heteropoly nucleic acids, [Poly(dA‐dT)]2 and [Poly(dG‐dC)]2, as well as calf thymus (CT) DNA, were used to understand the factors that govern binding strength and selectivity. Sequence selectivity was addressed by determining the binding constants as a function of polynucleotide composition according to the noncooperative McGhee–von Hippel binding model. Binding affinities toward [poly(dA‐dT)]2 were the largest for spermine‐substituted naphthalimides (Kb = 2−6 × 106 m−1). The association constants for complex formation between the cationic naphthalmides and [poly(dG‐dC)]2 or CT DNA (58% A‐T content) were 2–500 times smaller, depending on the naphthalmide–polynucleotide pair. The binding modes were also assessed using a combination of induced circular dichroism and salt effects to determine whether the naphthalimides associate with DNA through intercalative, electrostatic or groove‐binding. The results show that the monofunctionalized spermine and pyridinium‐substituted naphthalimides associate with DNA through electrostatic interactions. In contrast, intercalative interactions are predominant in the complex formed between the bifunctionalized spermine compound and all of the polynucleotides.
Inhibition of UVB‐mediated Oxidative Stress and Markers of Photoaging in Immortalized HaCaT Keratinocytes by Pomegranate Polyphenol Extract POMx
Authors: Zaid Mohammad Abu , Afaq Farrukh , Syed Deeba N. , Dreher Mark , Mukhtar Hasan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn recent years there has been an increase in use of botanicals with antioxidant properties as skin photoprotective agents. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit possesses strong antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Recently, we have shown that pomegranate‐derived products rich in anthocyanidins and ellagitannins inhibit UVB‐mediated activation of nuclear factor kappa B and modulate UVA‐mediated cell proliferation pathways in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. In this study, we evaluated the effect of polyphenol‐rich pomegranate fruit extract (POMx) on UVB‐induced oxidative stress and photoaging in human immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes. Our data show that pretreatment of HaCaT cells with POMx (10–40 μg mL−1) inhibited UVB (15–30 mJ cm−2)‐mediated (1) decrease in cell viability, (2) decrease in intracellular glutathione content and (3) increase in lipid peroxidation. Employing immunoblot analysis we found that pretreatment of HaCaT cells with POMx inhibited UVB‐induced (1) upregulation of MMP‐1, ‐2, ‐7 and ‐9, (2) decrease in TIMP‐1, (3) phosphorylation of MAPKs and (iv) phosphorylation of c‐jun, whereas no effect was observed on UVB‐induced c‐fos protein levels. These results suggest that POMx protects HaCaT cells against UVB‐induced oxidative stress and markers of photoaging and could be a useful supplement in skin care products.
Light‐Driven Horseradish Peroxidase Cycle by Using Photo‐activated Methylene Blue as the Reducing Agent
Authors: Soares Vanessa A. , Severino Divinomar , Junqueira Helena C. , Tersariol Ivarne L. S. , Shida Cláudio S. , Baptista Maurício S. , Nascimento Otaciro R. , Nantes Iseli L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this work, the regeneration of native horseradish peroxidase (HRP), following the consecutive reduction of oxo‐ferryl π‐cation (compound I) and oxo‐ferryl (compound II) forms, was observed by UV–visible spectrometry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in the presence of methylene (MB+), in the dark and under irradiation. In the dark, MB+ did not affect the rate of HRP compound I and II reduction, compatible with hydrogen peroxide as the solely reducing species. Under irradiation, the dye promoted a significant increase in the native HRP regeneration rate in a pH‐dependent manner. Flash photolysis measurements revealed significant redshift of the MB+ triplet absorbance spectrum in the presence of native HRP. This result is compatible with the dye binding on the enzyme structure leading to the increase in the photogenerated MB˙ yield. In the presence of HRP compound II, the lifetime of the dye at 520 nm decreased ∼75% relative to the presence of native HRP that suggests MB˙ as the heme iron photochemical reducing agent. In argon and in air‐saturated media, photoactivated MB+ led to native HRP regeneration in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. The apparent rate constant for photoactivated MB+‐promoted native HRP regeneration, in argon and in air‐saturated medium and measured as a function of MB+ concentration, exhibited saturation that is suggestive of dye binding on the HRP structure. The dissociation constant (KMB) observed for the binding of dye to HRP was 5.4 ± 0.6 μm and 0.57 ± 0.05 μm in argon and air‐saturated media, respectively. In argon‐saturated medium, the rate of the conversion of HRP compound II to native HRP was significantly higher, k2argon = (2.1 ± 0.1) × 10−2s−1, than that obtained in air‐equilibrated medium, k2air = (0.73 ± 0.02) × 10−2s−1. Under these conditions the efficiency of photoactivated MB+‐promoted native HRP regeneration was determined in argon and air‐equilibrated media as being, respectively: k2/KMB = 3.9 × 103 and 12.8 × 103 m−1 s−1.