bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Logical Access with a Single Fluorophore–Spacer–Receptor System: Realization of Inhibit (INH) Logic Function
Authors: Banthia Sandip , Samanta Anunay 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA new fluorescent PET sensor (1) has been synthesized, the fluorescence of which switches “On” with a blue‐to‐green color change in the presence of Zn2+, Cd2+, or Pb2+ (OR logic). X‐ray structure analyses of 1 and its Zn2+ complex reveal that the solid‐state conformation is in accordance with the results observed in solution. Sensor 1 also acts as an “Off‐On‐Off” switch stimulated by protons. The H+‐driven “Off‐On‐Off” switch is integrated with a Zn2+‐, Cd2+‐, or Pb2+‐induced OR logic gate to construct a first INH logic gate employing these ionic inputs. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Urokinase‐immobilization suppresses inflammatory responses to polyurethane tubes implanted in rabbit muscles
Authors: Lai Zhong‐Fang , Imamura Takahisa , Koike Norio , Kitamoto Yasunori 
Published: October 2005

AbstractUrokinase and plasmin appear to have antiinflammatory activity in some injury models, and urokinase immobilization has been clinically used to prevent thrombus formation in various implants, including intravenous indwelling catheters and subcutaneous drainage tubes. In the present study, polyurethane tubes were embedded in rabbit muscle for 3 months and the effect of urokinase immobilization on inflammatory responses to the implanted tubes was studied at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Mononuclear leukocyte accumulation occurred around implanted polyurethane tubes and peaked after 1 month, but was reduced significantly by urokinase immobilization. The treatment also lessened as well as delayed eosinophil accumulation, but did not affect fibrosis caused by implanted tubes. These results indicate suppressive effects of urokinase immobilization on polyurethane‐elicited inflammatory responses and suggest that an approach to develop persistently active urokinase immobilization is rational for successful long‐term device implantation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Expression of morphogenic genes in mature ovarian and testicular tissues: Potential stem‐cell niche markers and patterning factors
Authors: von Schalburg Kristian R. , McCarthy Sean P. , Rise Matthew L. , Hutson James C. , Davidson William S. , Koop Ben F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMorphogens are developmental regulators that modulate different tissue patterning, proliferation, differentiation, or remodeling processes in embryonic and adult tissues. Morphogens may also evoke specific regulatory programs in stem cells. Some of the morphogens involved in these processes have been characterized, while others remain unidentified. A microarray containing 3,557 salmonid cDNAs was used to compare the transcriptomes of rainbow trout precocious ovary at three different stages during second year (June, August, and October) with a reference (June normal ovary) transcriptome. During this study, we detected morphogen transcript hybridizations to salmonid elements and the study was enlarged to investigate these activities in various developmental stages of both ovary and testis. Genes from diverse development regulator families such as Anterior gradient‐2, BMP, Epimorphin, Flightless, Frizzled, Notch, Tiarin, Twisted gastrulation, and Wnt were demonstrated to be expressed in the adult trout gonads. In mice or rats, expression of mammalian bmp‐4, epimorphin, flightless, twisted gastrulation, and GW112 transcripts were localized to cell types isolated from the developed ovary and testis. Comparisons of salmonid and mammalian morphogens at the amino acid residue level show high similarities, suggesting functional conservation. This report provides evidence for local regulation by various morphogens and their potential to control distinct programs of gene expression in the gametes and their accessory cells during gametogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crosslinking study of mixtures of DGEBA and 1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one catalyzed by lanthanide triflates
Authors: Cervellera Roser , Ramis Xavier , Salla Josep Maria , Mantecón Ana , Serra Angels 
Published: October 2005

AbstractYtterbium and lanthanum triflates were used as catalysts to cure diglycidylether of bisphenol A with different proportions of 1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one. The curing was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared in the attenuated‐total‐reflection mode (FTIR/ATR). FTIR/ATR was used to monitor the competitive reactive processes and to quantify the evolution of the groups involved in the curing process. We observed the formation of a five‐membered cyclic carbonate that remains unreacted at the chain ends, because of an equilibrium process between the spiroorthocarbonates that had formed as intermediate species. The kinetics were studied by DSC experiments and analyzed with isoconversional procedures. The system catalyzed by ytterbium triflate had a higher curing rate. Thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis experiments were used to evaluate the properties of the materials obtained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5799–5813, 2005
New asymmetric vanadium catalyst for highly selective oxidative coupling polymerization
Authors: Habaue Shigeki , Murakami Soichiro , Higashimura Hideyuki 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNovel oxovanadium(IV)–bisoxazoline catalysts, such as vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4)–(R)‐2,2′‐isopropylidenebis(4‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline) [(R)Phbox], for the asymmetric oxidative coupling polymerization (AOCP) of 2,3‐dihydroxynaphthalene were developed. For example, the AOCP with VOSO4–(R)Phbox in CH2Cl2–MeOH [7/1 (v/v)] at room temperature for 24 h under an O2 atmosphere, followed by acetylation of the hydroxyl groups, afforded a polymer in a 58% yield with a specific rotation of [α]D = −147. The enantioselectivity during the polymerization was estimated to be 80% enantiomeric excess (S), a value much higher than that observed for the polymerizations with the copper(I)‐based catalyst systems and the typical oxovanadium(IV) catalysts reported for the asymmetric oxidative coupling producing the 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol derivatives. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5872–5878, 2005
Efficient route to well‐characterized homo, block, and statistical polymers containing terpyridine in the side chain
Authors: Shunmugam Raja , Tew Gregory N. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe incorporation of metal–ligand interactions into macromolecules imparts to them unique and potentially useful properties. We report the synthesis of homo, block, and statistical copolymers with controlled molecular weights, compositions, and relatively narrow polydispersities via atom transfer radical polymerization that contain activated esters for the subsequent incorporation of terpyridine. This approach is universal and allows facile access to macromolecules with rich chemical functions, illustrated here with metal ligands. Comonomers include methyl, n‐butyl, and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate as well as styrene. The addition of lanthanide ions to the final copolymers generates emissive materials with blue, green, red, or purple light, depending on the metal used. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5831–5843, 2005
Focused library design in GPCR projects on the example of 5‐HT2c agonists: Comparison of structure‐based virtual screening with ligand‐based search methods
Authors: Bissantz Caterina , Schalon Claire , Guba Wolfgang , Stahl Martin 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of structure‐based virtual screening (VS) for focused library design in G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCR) projects on the example of 5‐HT2c agonists. We compared the performance of structure‐based VS against two different homology models using FRED for docking and ScreenScore, FlexX, and PMF for rescoring with the results of 12 ligand‐based similarity searches using four different query compounds and three different similarity metrics (Daylight, FTree, Phacir). The result of the similarity search showed much variation, from an enrichment factor up to 3.2 to worse than random, whereas the structure‐based VS gave a more stable result with a constant enrichment factor around 2. Additionally, actives retrieved by the structure‐based approach were more diverse than the actives among the top scorers of the similarity searches. Based on these results, we suggest basing a focused library design for a GPCR project on a combination of a ligand‐based similarity search and structure‐based docking. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dielectric and optical properties related to phase transitions in an imidazolium perchlorate [C3N2H5ClO4] crystal
Authors: Czapla Z. , Dacko S. , Kosturek B. , Was’︁kowska A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractStructural, dielectric and optical properties of the crystal C3N2H5ClO4 have been studied by X‐ray diffraction, dielec‐tric and birefringence measurements. On cooling, structural phase transitions occurring at 373 K (Tc1) and 210 K (Tc2) are of second and first order, respectively. It is considered from the structure and the dielectric behaviour that Phases I (T > Tc1) and II (Tc2 < T < Tc1) are paraelectric and ferroelectric, respectively, though a hysteresis loop is not found in Phase II. The crystal is destroyed below Tc2 by a large structure deformation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The fuzzy relationship between trawl and acoustic surveys in the North Sea
Authors: Mackinson Steven , van der Kooij Jeroen , Neville Suzanna 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAdding information on the horizontal and vertical distribution of fish both on and between trawl stations is reason enough to perform acoustic surveys routinely in tandem with annual groundfish trawl surveys. Ideally, acoustic and trawl density indices could be combined to maximize information on fish distribution and provide more reliable estimates of stock size. The core of the problem boils down to the question: “how does what we see on an echosounder relate to what we catch in a net?” The fuzzy logic “model-free estimation” approach presented here sidesteps the need to understand specific mechanisms that determine the nature and variability of any relationship between acoustics and trawl catches. Fuzzy logic models that describe and predict the relationship linking acoustics and environmental variables (inputs) with trawl catches (output) are developed, and the sensitivities and robustness of the approach are discussed. In the models examined, the static environmental variables location and depth proved to be better predictors of trawl catches in the North Sea than the acoustic energy in the first 5 m off the bottom. We suggest that finding the “hidden” relationship between acoustics and trawls will require closer attention to partitioning the acoustics data by species/assemblages and understanding the key gear and behavioural differences responsible for producing the high between-gear variability.
Cultivation and human Impact at 6000 cal yr B.P. in Tropical Lowland Forest at Niah, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Hunt C.O. , Rushworth G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper describes palynological evidence for what appears to be comparatively large-scale human impact in the catchment of the Sungai Niah in the wet tropical lowland swamp forests of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo close to the Great Cave of Niah. Pollen associated with cleared landscapes and rice cultivation is evident in the sedimentary record from before 6000 cal yr B.P. Human activity seems to have been associated with changes in sedimentary regime, with peat-dominated environments being replaced diachronously by clay-dominated deposition. This may reflect anthropogenic soil erosion in the catchment of the Sungai Niah.
The foraging mode controversy: both continuous variation and clustering of foraging movements occur
Authors: Cooper William E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAmbush and active foraging are held to be discrete foraging modes having important theoretical consequences and evolutionary correlates, but foraging variables (number of movements per minute (MPM) and per cent time spent moving (PTM)) vary continuously. Whether foraging movements are unimodally or bimodally distributed is controversial. Foraging modes have been crucial for understanding taxonomic, morphological, ecological, and behavioural diversification of lizards. Extensive data for them are used to examine the modality‐continuity controversy. MPM and PTM are lognormally distributed, confirming continuity and unimodality. By separating species into groups of ambush and active foragers, bivariate cluster analysis supports the view that lizards fall into active and ambush modes that may reflect adaptive peaks of joint MPM and PTM values. Phylogenetic analysis is needed to test relationships between variables. Although it has greatly advanced understanding of relationships between foraging and other variables, a two‐mode paradigm is too simplistic. Modes defined solely by MPM and PTM may obscure differences in speed and search methods. Overlap between clusters might occur in nearly unstudied major taxa that forage differently. On the MPM×PTM plane connections among ambush, active, and saltatory (start‐stop) foraging are apparent, suggesting that saltatory foragers may occur in lizards. Controversies about continuity, bimodality, and dichotomy of modes are resolved. Clusters represent common combinations of unimodally distributed MPM and PTM occupying limited regions of foraging space. Some species fall outside traditional modes, but examination of correlations between clusters and other variables remains a viable approach.
Perplexing problems of sexual patterns in the fish genus Paralabrax (Serranidae, Serraninae)
Authors: Sadovy Yvonne , Domeier Michael L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor 40 years there have been problems in diagnosing sexual patterns in the serranid genus Paralabrax. Difficulties stem from a combination of factors including terminology, histological and morphological characteristics, and the complex inter‐relationships in the Serranidae between gonad morphology, phylogenetic position and gonad function. A detailed study of four species of Paralabrax: P. maculatofasciatus, P. nebulifer, P. auroguttatus and P. clathratus, clarifies the problems and improves the diagnosis of sexual pattern in the Serranidae, and for similar families that do not have distinct morphologies for primary‐ and secondarily‐derived males. An hypothesis was developed to account for the multiple appearance of gonochorism in the Serranidae, better known for its widespread hermaphroditism.
Ecosystem dynamics based on plankton functional types for global ocean biogeochemistry models
Authors: Quéré Corinne Le , Harrison Sandy P. , Colin Prentice I. , Buitenhuis Erik T. , Aumont Olivier , Bopp Laurent , Claustre Hervé , Cotrim Da Cunha Leticia , Geider Richard , Giraud Xavier , Klaas Christine , Kohfeld Karen E. , Legendre Louis , Manizza Manfredi , Platt Trevor , Rivkin Richard B. , Sathyendranath Shubha , Uitz Julia , Watson Andy J. , Wolf‐Gladrow Dieter 
Published: October 2005

AbstractEcosystem processes are important determinants of the biogeochemistry of the ocean, and they can be profoundly affected by changes in climate. Ocean models currently express ecosystem processes through empirically derived parameterizations that tightly link key geochemical tracers to ocean physics. The explicit inclusion of ecosystem processes in models will permit ecological changes to be taken into account, and will allow us to address several important questions, including the causes of observed glacial–interglacial changes in atmospheric trace gases and aerosols, and how the oceanic uptake of CO2 is likely to change in the future. There is an urgent need to assess our mechanistic understanding of the environmental factors that exert control over marine ecosystems, and to represent their natural complexity based on theoretical understanding. We present a prototype design for a Dynamic Green Ocean Model (DGOM) based on the identification of (a) key plankton functional types that need to be simulated explicitly to capture important biogeochemical processes in the ocean; (b) key processes controlling the growth and mortality of these functional types and hence their interactions; and (c) sources of information necessary to parameterize each of these processes within a modeling framework. We also develop a strategy for model evaluation, based on simulation of both past and present mean state and variability, and identify potential sources of validation data for each. Finally, we present a DGOM‐based strategy for addressing key questions in ocean biogeochemistry. This paper thus presents ongoing work in ocean biogeochemical modeling, which, it is hoped will motivate international collaborations to improve our understanding of the role of the ocean in the climate system.
Phosphorus status determines biomass response to elevated CO2 in a legume : C4 grass community
Authors: Edwards Everard J. , McCaffery Stephanie , Evans John R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThirty‐six mesocosms, each containing a two‐species community of Trifolium repens (C3 legume) and Stenotaphrum secundatum (C4 grass), were grown in sand with three nutrient regimes, zero N low P, zero N high P and supplied N high P, under ambient (aCO2) and twice ambient CO2 (eCO2) for 15 months in two greenhouses. Aboveground annual production in the P limited mesocosms did not respond to eCO2 and was reduced by 50% relative to mesocosms with an adequate P supply, where dry‐matter production was increased by 12–24% under eCO2. The stimulation of production by eCO2 occurred throughout the year despite a clear seasonality in growth. There was no effect of eCO2 on leaf area index (LAI), which was larger under high P than low P. Live root mass at the end of the experiment was higher under eCO2 in all nutrient treatments, but the response of total belowground C (root+soil) to eCO2 depended on P treatment. Under limiting P, belowground C was not significantly changed by eCO2 (2–2.3 t belowground C ha−1). Under high P supply, both root and soil C pools increased under eCO2. Under aCO2, low P supply increased belowground C by 0.7–1 t C ha−1 above that added by the high P treatment. P is commonly limiting in Australian ecosystems and the majority of ecosystem N input is provided by biological N fixation. Consequently, the response of legumes to eCO2 is of particular importance. These results demonstrate that at low P availability, there is likely to be only a limited response of biomass production by T. repens to eCO2, which in turn may constrain any ecosystem response.
Partial depletion of macrophages by ED7 reduces renal injury in Adriamycin nephropathy
Authors: WANG YIPING , MAHAJAN DEEPIKA , TAY YUET‐CHING , BAO SHISAN , SPICER TIM , KAIRAITIS LUKAS , RANGAN GOPALA K , HARRIS DAVID CH 
Published: October 2005

SUMMARY:Background:  Because macrophages are considered to be possible effectors of disease in Adriamycin (ADR) nephrosis, we hypothesized that depletion of macrophages might protect against the initiation of renal injury. In the present study, a monoclonal antibody (ED7) directed against CD11b/CD18 integrin, which is expressed by macrophages, was used to investigate the pathogenetic effects of macrophages in ADR nephropathy.Methods:  Male Wistar rats were treated with ED7 antibody, starting 1 day prior to ADR (7.5 mg/kg) treatment, or 7 days post‐ADR when overt proteinuria was established.Results:  Circulating ED7‐positive cells were reduced by approximately 30% in rats with ADR nephrosis by the ED7 antibody, while the number of macrophages in the renal cortex of ADR rats was reduced by nearly 50% with the ED7 treatment, whether administered before or after ADR. Creatinine clearance was significantly ameliorated by ED7 when commenced pre‐ADR (P < 0.05), but not when commenced post‐ADR (P = NS) in comparison to untreated ADR rats. However, proteinuria was not alleviated by either ED7 treatment. Morphometric analysis showed less glomerular sclerosis when ED7 was commenced pre‐ADR compared with ADR alone (P < 0.01), but not when commenced post‐ADR (P = NS). Tubular atrophy was reduced by ED7 when it was commenced pre‐ADR (tubular cell height and tubular diameter: P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively), as was interstitial expansion (P < 0.01) compared with ADR alone. Cortical macrophage infiltration was reduced by 50% compared with ADR alone by the ED7 commenced before or after ADR. The number of cortical CD4+ T cells fell with ED7 starting pre‐ADR, but not with the ED7 treatment commencing after ADR.Conclusion:  Partial macrophage depletion starting before but not after ADR protected both renal function and structure in this model of chronic proteinuric renal disease.
Presentation, prognosis and outcome of IgA nephropathy in Indian adults
Authors: CHACKO BOBBY , JOHN GEORGE T , NEELAKANTAN NITHYA , KORULA ANILA , BALAKRISHNAN NARASIMHAN , KIRUBAKARAN MESHACH G , JACOB CHAKKO K 
Published: October 2005

SUMMARY:Background:  IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is not well characterized in India. This retrospective study of 478 patients with IgAN was performed to clarify the presenting features, prognostic factors and the renal survival rates of the disease.Methods:  Three hundred and forty‐seven patients who had been followed on average for 27 months after diagnosis were divided into two groups based on renal function at diagnosis. In group 1 (229 patients), the creatinine clearance estimated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula was <85 mL/min and in group 2 (118 patients) it was ≥85 mL/min.Results:  The predominant modes of presentation were nephrotic syndrome, hypertension and renal failure. Twenty‐nine percent of patients had more than a 20% decline in renal function at the last follow up. Multivariate analyses with stepwise logistic regression identified hypertension (odds ratio (OR) 3.5), nephrotic range proteinuria (OR 3.4) and sclerosed glomeruli on biopsy (OR 4.1) to be independently associated with progression in group 1 and hypertension (OR 2.3) in group 2. Seventeen percent of patients progressed to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Using multivariate analysis by the Cox model, four risk factors for developing ESRD were identified: hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) 3.1); nephrotic proteinuria (HR 1.9); interstitial fibrosis (HR 2.5); and sclerosed glomeruli (HR 1.8). The renal survival rates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 84, 55 and 33%, respectively, with a median renal survival of 61 months from the time of biopsy.Conclusion:  The relatively rapid rate of progression of IgAN in India is suggestive towards a ‘malignant’ nature of the disease in this country.