bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A big role for the very small—understanding the endodontic microbial flora
Authors: Figdor D. , Sundqvist G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractApical periodontitis, an inflammatory process around the apex of a tooth root, is primarily a sequel to microbial infection of the pulp space. The microbial flora is composed of a restricted group of the total oral flora, selected by environmental pressures of anaerobiosis, nutrition and competition with other species and inhabits the root canal as a biofilm of coaggregated communities in an extracellular matrix. The untreated infected canal is generally composed of a polymicrobial mix with approximately equal proportions of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative species, dominated by obligate anaerobes.The type of microbial flora in the root‐filled tooth with persistent apical periodontitis has very different characteristics. These infections are characterized by one or just a few species, predominantly Gram‐positive micro‐organisms with an equal distribution of facultative and obligate anaerobes. Enterococcus faecalis has been a conspicuous finding in most studies.Because the primary aetiological problem is infection, endodontic treatment is directed at control and elimination of the root canal flora by working in a sterile way. Based on current knowledge, the best available method for obtaining clean, microbe‐free root canals is by instrumentation with antimicrobial irrigation reinforced by an intracanal dressing with calcium hydroxide.
Migration of fines in 020 mm crushed base during placement, compaction, and seepage under laboratory conditions
Authors: Chapuis Robert P , Contant André , Baass Karsten A 
Published: March 2008

The rate of deterioration of gravel base course materials may influence the durability of flexible pavements. In particular, selected gradation curves usually satisfy filter criteria thus avoiding migration of fines from one layer (subgrade, base, and subbase) into adjacent one. This paper shows that even if filter criteria are met between successive layers, some 020 mm materals do not satisfy the fines mobility criteria that presently are not considered in gradation criteria. This means that fines (<80 μm) can move within the pores of the layer. Three gradations of two 020 mm crushed stones were tested in the laboratory. Experiemrnts were designed to avoid degradation (breakage of particles), in order to study segregation only. One of the tested materials (No. 2) satisfies the gradation criteria but does not satisfy the fines mobility criteria. The experimental results confirmed that material No. 2 is subject to marked segregation during dry placement and compaction. When palced moist, it has a negligible initial segregation, but cyclic loading produces segregation. This internal instability was predictable from fines mobility (suffossion) criteria. It produces layers with different fines contents, which would reduce vertical drainage, increase pore pressures produced by traffic loading, and increase both capillary retention and frost damage. Key words: road, gravel base course, segregation, suffossion, seepage, gradation.
Link analysis for Web spam detection
Authors: Becchetti Luca , Castillo Carlos , Donato Debora , Baeza-YATES Ricardo , Leonardi Stefano 
Published: March 2008

We propose link-based techniques for automatic detection of Web spam, a term referring to pages which use deceptive techniques to obtain undeservedly high scores in search engines. The use of Web spam is widespread and difficult to solve, mostly due to the large size of the Web which means that, in practice, many algorithms are infeasible.
We perform a statistical analysis of a large collection of Web pages. In particular, we compute statistics of the links in the vicinity of every Web page applying rank propagation and probabilistic counting over the entire Web graph in a scalable way. These statistical features are used to build Web spam classifiers which only consider the link structure of the Web, regardless of page contents. We then present a study of the performance of each of the classifiers alone, as well as their combined performance, by testing them over a large collection of Web link spam. After tenfold cross-validation, our best classifiers have a performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art spam classifiers that use content attributes, but are orthogonal to content-based methods.
Positive Feedback between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and Autotaxin in Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Ptaszynska Malgorzata M. , Pendrak Michael L. , Bandle Russell W. , Stracke Mary L. , Roberts David D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Tumor cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis are important determinants of tumor aggressiveness, and these traits have been associated with the motility stimulating protein autotaxin (ATX). This protein is a member of the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase and phosphodiesterase family of enzymes, but unlike other members of this group, ATX possesses lysophospholipase D activity. This enzymatic activity hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine to generate the potent tumor growth factor and motogen lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In the current study, we show a link between ATX expression, LPA, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in ovarian cancer cell lines. Exogenous addition of VEGF-A to cultured cells induces ATX expression and secretion, resulting in increased extracellular LPA production. This elevated LPA, acting through LPA4, modulates VEGF responsiveness by inducing VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 expression. Down-regulation of ATX secretion in SKOV3 cells using antisense morpholino oligomers significantly attenuates cell motility responses to VEGF, ATX, LPA, and lysophosphatidylcholine. These effects are accompanied by decreased LPA4 and VEGFR2 expression as well as by increased release of soluble VEGFR1. Because LPA was previously shown to increase VEGF expression in ovarian cancer, our data suggest a positive feedback loop involving VEGF, ATX, and its product LPA that could affect tumor progression in ovarian cancer cells. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(3):352–63)
Good Karmic Connections: Buddhist Mothers in Tang China
Authors: Yao Ping 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis essay examines the women's role in Chinese Buddhism through a close reading of epitaphs from the Tang dynasty (618-907). During this period, more than ever before, the religion became instrumental in the development of mothers' identity and in the conceptualization of ideal maternal virtues. According to many Tang dynasty epitaphs (muzhi ming), it would appear that children of Buddhist mothers largely complied with their mothers' desire to leave the household life or to be cremated rather than buried after her death. They were also much more likely than children of Buddhist fathers to become Buddhist believers themselves. What these epitaphs show is that Tang mothers played a vital role in the continuing sinification of Buddhism through the spread of religious devotion and practice in the domestic sphere.
The Soul has to Leave the Land of the Living
Authors: Archi Alfonso 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA fragmentary Hittite tablet (a late copy of an Old Hittite original) describes the soul's journey in the Netherworld, unwilling to travel “the great road . . . the road that makes things disappear”, even though aware that “to the gods belongs the soul”. This is the belief, or cry of hope, that runs through the entire history of humanity, which a popular poem in Des Knaben Wunderhorn expresses in this way: “Ich bin von Gott und will wieder zu Gott”. Despite this, the soul does not want to “undergo the perdition of the mortal”. The journey starts in the second column (of which only a few words remain). It is not clear whether the narrative is interrupted here by a ritual act. At the end of the second column and up to the start of the third, the desolation of souls in the Netherworld is described. However, the fate awaiting this soul is different, but the text breaks of without telling us anything more definite. The fourth column contains a brief section of the ritual.
Reflektierte Trennung Vom Scheitern der ,,deutsch-jüdischen Symbiose“ bei Carl Schmitt und Ludwig Feuchtwanger – nach ihrem Briefwechsel
Authors: Mehring Reinhard 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis essay points out the great importance of the recently published exchange of letters between Carl Schmitt and his publisher Ludwig Feuchtwanger. Using unknown letters, it also outlines Schmitt's relationship with Jewish intellectuals before 1933, describes the dramatic development of the political-theological controversy, and honors Feuchtwanger as a postassimilationist Jewish intellectual and legal historian.
Stanisław Przybyszewski – ,,Der Geist des Bösen“? Zur künstlerischen Spiritualität eines Bohèmiens um 1900
Authors: Auwärter Thomas 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAs the embodiment of a border-crosser between science, literature, and occultism, the writer Stanisław Przybyszewski also represents the ambivalent consciousness of the avant-garde. Behind the facade of imperial Berlin, he opens up a world of wonder, demons and ecstasy. Without using a normative understanding of modernity, this article attempts to portray Przybyszewski as proof of the irreconcilable tensions between rationalism and irrationalism in the period around 1900. Central to this argumentation are his spiritual references, such as satanism and occultism.
Tracing Multicultural Cities From the Perspective of Women's Everyday Lives
Authors: Lykogianni Rouli 
Published: March 2008

The article discusses everyday life in multicultural cities from a feminist perspective. It aims to engage, theoretically and through empirical research, with everyday life, a concept which brings to the foreground of inquiry a variety of urban experiences and reveals the mutual constitution of gender and place/space. Everyday life is connected to places where different women and men, as individuals, have to live, think and act (in terms of negotiation and/or reconciliation).They construct their everyday life, their personal identities and relations, drawing upon — and, simultaneously, negotiating with — existing macro-level spatial, temporal and discursive structures/meanings. In the context of geographical debates, the study of everyday life starts from the subject's everyday spatio-temporal practices and experiences, aiming to show not only how they are organized by socio-spatial relations and structures, but also how people's (everyday) actions (re)produce and (trans)-form these relations and structures. In this line of thought, space/place is understood as particular constellations of social relations and practices, with local and supralocal determinants, meeting and weaving together in a particular locality. The article will discuss such relations and practices drawing from research in Athens.
Impact on patient satisfaction with a structured counselling approach on natural health products
Authors: Malfair Taylor Suzanne C , de Lemos Mário L , Jang Dennis , Man Juliana , Annable Dawn , Mithani Saira , John Leela , Vu Thanh , O'Brien Robin K 
Published: March 2008

Purpose. Natural health products (NHP) are commonly used by cancer patients. The provision of better information on NHP may improve the patient satisfaction and quality of life. We report the impact on patient satisfaction by routine counselling on NHP. Methods. Patients visiting the pharmacy of a comprehensive cancer centre for the first time were recruited before (control) and after (intervention) the introduction of routine structured counselling on NHP by pharmacists. The primary endpoint was patient satisfaction. Overall cost and cost per improvement in satisfaction were estimated. Results. 265 patients completed the questionnaires. The average age was about 60 years old, with roughly equal number of men and women. Breast and genitor-urinary cancers made up about 80% of the patients. Nearly 45% of patients had some college or university education. The scores for overall satisfaction and each subscale were all increased in the intervention group. This was statistically significant regarding information on NHP. Counselling was associated with an increase of about 9 minutes of counselling time and a mean additional cost of CDN$7.49 per patient. Conclusion. We found increased patient satisfaction with routine counselling on NHP. There was only minimal increase in workload and cost for each counselling section. J oncol pharm practice (2008) 14: 37—43.
Comparison of chemotherapy education and patient preferences in community versus academic gynecology oncology clinicsa
Authors: Jones Kellie L , Saucier Jennifer M , Sun Charlotte C , Bevers Michael W , Ramondetta Lois M , Brown Jubilee , Smith Judith A 
Published: March 2008

Purpose. To evaluate and compare patients' preferences in receiving chemotherapy education from health care teams in community versus academic clinics. Methods. Results from a 13-question questionnaire about the chemotherapy education preferences of patients in three community gynecology oncology clinics were compared to the results from a similar study previously conducted in an academic gynecology oncology clinic. Results. A total of 57% of the 203 communityclinic respondents (116) and 67% of the 282 academic-institution respondents (189) who completed questionnaires had previously received chemotherapy. Of the patients treated in community clinics, almost 60% preferred chemotherapy education to be provided in written form and directly by a health care professional compared to 87% of the patients in academic clinics. Overall, 88% of the patients in the community clinics believed they received adequate information, compared to 63% of the patients in the academic setting. Patients in the community clinics wanted to get more in-depth answers to questions such as `What is chemotherapy?' (54%) and `How it is given?' (55%). In addition, community patients also wanted to know more about `Why chemotherapy stops working?' (72%) and `What to do and who to call about side effects?' (60%). In the academic setting, patients were less likely to want to know more about these chemotherapy related questions (42, 35, 57, and 49, respectively). Conclusions. Patients preferred to receive written chemotherapy education that was reviewed with a healthcare professional and that gave more detailed information about the chemotherapeutic drugs themselves and how to prevent and manage side effects. As a result of this questionnaire, the patient education materials used at our institution will be revised to better address patients' preferences in both treatment settings. J Oncol Pharm Practice (2008) 14: 31—36.
Successful treatment with etoposide phosphate in patients with previous etoposide hypersensitivity
Authors: Collier Kathleen , Schink Cordula , Young Anna Mary , How Katharine , Seckl Michael , Savage Philip 
Published: March 2008

Objective. To review the experience of treatment with etoposide phosphate in patients with acute etoposide hypersensitivity treated in a large tertiary referral center hospital specializing in curable malignancies. Case summaries. The cases of 6 patients with advanced malignancies who experienced acute etoposide hypersensitivity are documented. There were 3 male and 3 female patients and their ages ranged from 16 to 68. Four patients had curable malignancies with trophoblast tumors or germ cell tumors and two were receiving palliative chemotherapy for other malignancies. All of the 6 patients who experienced etoposide hypersensitivity developed their symptoms in the first few minutes of the initial infusion. The most common symptoms were chest pain, facial flushing, and bronchospasm. All of the patients had emergency treatment with discontinuation of the infusion and usually the administration of hydrocortisone and chlorpheniramine, which lead to the rapid resolution of their symptoms. For the next cycle of chemotherapy each patient was rechallenged with etoposide phosphate, with steroid cover given in only two of the cases. None of the 6 patients experienced any hypersensitivity symptoms on treatment with etoposide phosphate and in one the steroids were withdrawn for all the subsequent cycles. The 4 patients with curable malignancies all remain disease free, while the 2 palliative patients obtained significant control of their disease. Discussion. Etoposide is one of the most important chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of many curable malignancies but an acute hypersensitivity reaction occurs in around 1% of patients. Retreatment with etoposide in these patients is difficult and generally alternative drugs/regimens have to be used. A small number of case reports have suggested that etoposide phosphate can be safely used in these patients and 6 cases have been found in the pharmacy records where this has been done. In all of the patients, treatment with etoposide phosphate proceeded without any symptoms or the use of repeated steroid cover in 5 of the 6 patients. Conclusion. Etoposide hypersensitivity is a rare clinical problem and responds promptly to drug discontinuation, steroids, and chlorpheniramine. Patients with previous etoposide hypersensitivity can safely be treated with etoposide phosphate and do not need any additional hypersensitivity prophylaxis. J Oncol Pharm Practice (2008) 14: 51—55.
Efficacy vs. effectiveness — docetaxel and prednisone in hormone refractory prostate cancer
Authors: Howard Diana N , Chambers Carole , Cusano Frances 
Published: March 2008

Objectives. To assess the clinical effectiveness of docetaxel and prednisone in a clinical setting and to compare the results to those seen in the pivotal clinical trial. To assess the impact of various factors on the prognosis of patients treated with docetaxel. Design. Retrospective chart review. The primary outcome measured was survival. Survival data was analyzed through the Kaplan—Meier methodology. A multivariate analysis of prognostic variables was also conducted. Setting. Public cancer centers within the Canadian province of Alberta. Patients. Hormone refractory, metastatic prostate cancer patients initiated on docetaxel chemotherapy between September 2004 and February 2007 within the Alberta Cancer Board. Main Outcome Measured. The primary outcome measured was median survival. Results. Among 161 patients eligible for review, median survival was 17.22 months. Chemotherapy received after docetaxel was determined to be a significant favorable prognostic factor for survival ( p<0.0001). Conclusion. In a clinical setting, docetaxel and prednisone did not perform as well in terms of median survival, as it was shown to in prior clinical trials (17.22 vs. 18.9 months). Further investigation into the impact of docetaxel and prednisone on quality of life in clinical practice, would complement the findings of this study. J Oncol Pharm Practice (2008) 14: 45—49.
Parenteral iron with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for chemotherapy-induced anemia
Authors: Shord Stacy S , Hamilton J.M. , Cuellar Sandra 
Published: March 2008

Purpose. To discuss the clinical issues we addressed in the development of our institutional guidelines regarding the assessment of iron stores for cancer- and treatment-related anemia and the administration of parenteral iron with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). Data sources. Studies published from January 1995 to August 2007 were identified by computer searches of Medline and hand searching of bibliographies of the articles identified via the computer searches. The current clinical practice guidelines were identified by computer searches of the web sites for national professional organizations that represent health care professionals who treat patients with cancer. Results of data analysis. Hematopoietic responses demonstrate that epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa provide similar outcomes for patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA); however, up to 50% of patients receiving these agents fail to adequately respond. Functional iron deficiency defined as a state of iron-restricted erythropoiesis is likely the primary contributor to the lack of response. Hematopoietic responses following ESA therapy with parenteral iron are substantially higher compared to response with no or oral iron. Conclusions. Iron stores should be assessed in all patients with cancer- or treatment-related anemia and parenteral iron should be administered to patients receiving ESA therapy to improve hematopoietic response. A unique algorithm that summarizes our institutional guidelines to assess iron stores and administer parenteral iron with ESA therapy in patients with CIA is included. J Oncol Pharm Practice (2008) 14: 5—22.
An Ethnography of Iconoclash
Authors: Schacter Rafael 
Published: March 2008

In the following study, I will be investigating the distinct Iconoclash made manifest on our city streets, exploring the various discourses and themes raised through the clash over graffiti. Conducting an analytic account of this conflict, it will be suggested that the images possess both a potent and multifaceted form of agency and are physically embodied by their patients; it will equally be implied that their efficacy is advanced through the explicitly performative nature of the graffiti act, the images' evident ephemerality and the specific character of their medium. Subsequently, through an investigation into the discourses of dirt and deceptiveness, the various rationales assumed for the images reviled nature will be discussed, and finally, utilising notions of appropriation and dètournement, the particular nature of the graffiti-artists engagement with their environment will be examined. In concluding, the evident similarities between both graffiti-artists and graffiti-removers will be analyzed, and a personal account of the interaction with the images encountered will be attempted.
Is there a risk for lymphatic complications after endovenous laser treatment versus cryostripping of the great saphenous vein? A prospective study
Authors: Disselhoff B C V M , der Kinderen D J , Moll F L 
Published: March 2008

Objective To investigate whether lymphatic complications occur after endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) versus cryostripping. Methods A prospective analysis of patients who underwent lymphoscintigraphy before and six months after treatment of primary varicose veins. Results Of 120 patients randomized in a clinical trial comparing EVLT and cryostripping, 33 agreed to participate in this study. Six months after treatment, none of the 17 patients treated with EVLT and one (6.3%) of the 16 patients treated with cryostripping had clinical grade 1 lymphoedema, with marked disruption of the lymphatics around the knee. This patient also showed an abnormal uptake of radioactive tracer at the groin, 120 min after injection. Conclusion This study demonstrated that no lymphatic complications occurred six months after EVLT, whereas one lymphatic complication occurred after cryostripping, however not in the groin but at the knee.