bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and synthesis of Diphenyl-1H-imidazole analogs targeting MPro/3CLpro enzyme of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Vora Amisha , Kanhed Ashish , Thakkar Ami , Gudepalya Rudramurthy Renukaiah , Shandil Radhakrishnan , Yogi Maddipatla , Harisha Rajappa , Singh Mayas , Narayanan Shridhar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, triggered by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, stands as the predominant global health crisis of the decade, claiming millions of lives and causing profound disruptions to society. Despite the rapid development of vaccines against COVID-19, the situation remains challenging, necessitating the exploration of new antiviral drugs. In this study, we present the design and synthesis of Diphenyl-1H-imidazole derivatives as a potential lead series for inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro enzyme. The synthesized molecules underwent screening for inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro enzyme at a concentration of 20µM. Compounds 6-14 exhibited inhibition ranging from 88% to 99%. Further assessments were conducted to evaluate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of these compounds against both the ancestral Wuhan strain and the Delta variant in virus-infected cells. Compounds such as 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazole (9), 4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazole (10), and 4-(4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol (14)exhibited promising activity against both the Wuhan strain (with IC50 values of 7.7 µM, 12.6 µM, and 11.8 µM, respectively) and the Delta variant (with IC50 values of 7.4 µM, 13.8 µM, and 12.1 µM, respectively). Moreover, the 3CLpro inhibition IC50 values for these compounds correlated well with the observed antiviral activity, measuring at 5.1 µM (9), 10.9 µM (10), and 7.3 µM (14). These findings underscore the efficacy of diphenyl-1H-imidazole derivatives as promising candidates for further development and optimization in the fight against COVID-19.
Successful Pregnancy in a Patient with IgA Nephropathy Treated with Telitacicept: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Du Xinru , Lu Xuehong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis, with complex pathogenic mechanisms involving abnormal B cell activation. As a novel biologic agent, Telitacicept inhibits both B-lymphocyte stimulator and a proliferation-inducing ligand, can reduce B cell-mediated autoimmune responses, suppressing the production of galactose-deficient IgA1 and thereby inducing disease remission. Women with IgAN are at a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia and miscarriage, especially those with uncontrolled massive proteinuria and advanced chronic kidney disease. Therefore, IgAN disease control before and during pregnancy is essential. We report the case of a female patient who was effectively treated with Telitacicept and subsequently successfully conceived. This case report also reviews the characteristics and outcomes of pregnancy in patients with IgAN and explores the value of Telitacicept in women of childbearing age, suggesting effective and safe treatment options for women who wish to conceive.
Advancing Carbapenem-Resistant K. pneumoniae Risk Factor and Prognosis Analysis: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Techniques Over Traditional Statistical Method
Authors: CAI CHANG , Qian Yingjuan , Xiong Panfeng , Dong Ning , Wong Kok Wai , Wang Guanjin , Zhang Rong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The global rise of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) poses significant treatment challenges, emphasizing the need to understand contributing factors to infections and their impact on patient prognosis. Traditional models like logistic regression often fall short in handling complex, multidimensional datasets integral to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research, necessitating advanced analytical approaches.
Methods
This study compares the efficacy of machine learning techniques—specifically, classification trees and neural networks—against traditional statistical models in analysing risk determinants and prognosis factors of AMR. By integrating demographic, medical records, and next-generation sequencing data, we aimed to leverage machine learning's advanced capabilities to manage complex datasets and provide a comprehensive analysis of factors affecting CRKP infections and patient outcomes.
Results
Our findings indicate that machine learning techniques, particularly decision trees, offer significant advantages over traditional statistical models in analysing clinical risk factors. The integration of machine learning with next-generation sequencing data enhances the understanding of the genetic basis of AMR, thereby facilitating the development of targeted interventions.
Conclusions
The application of machine learning techniques represents a preferable alternative for analysing AMR risk determinants and prognosis factors. This study underscores the potential of combining advanced analytical methods with genetic data to improve our understanding and management of AMR, highlighting the critical role of machine learning in advancing research in infectious diseases.
The Relationship Between Social Anxiety and the Desire for Cosmetic Surgery: The Mediating Role of Body Image and Appearance-Based Rejection Sensitivity
Authors: Amirian Mohadeseh , Momeni Khodamorad , Yazdanbakhsh Kamran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Due to the increasing prevalence of cosmetic surgeries, it seems necessary to investigate the psychological factors involved in this issue. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between social anxiety and the desire for cosmetic surgery (DCS) through the mediating role of body image and appearance-based rejection sensitivity (ABRS). This was a correlational study, of structural equation modeling (SEM) type. The statistical population included all students studying at universities of Kermanshah, Iran in the academic year 2020-2021, out of whom 326 were selected through convenience sampling method. Participants filled out Henderson-King’s attitudes towards cosmetic surgery, Connor et al.’s social phobia, Littleton et al.’s fear of body image, and Park’s ABRS questionnaires. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and SEM were used in LISREL8.8 and SPSS-22 software to analyze the data. The results revealed that the hypothesized model had a good fit in the study sample. It was also found that the avoidance and physiological distress components of social anxiety are related to DCS through body image and ABRS, respectively. Accordingly, measures to increase knowledge about psychological factors, especially social anxiety, affecting DCS in cosmetic physicians and clients of beauty clinics, are recommended.
How Social Norms Can Diffuse through Social Networks: A Study of Childhood Vaccination Attitudes and Norms in Varanasi, India
Authors: Alperstein Neil , Rimal Rajiv , Jamison Amelia , Ganjoo Rohini , Pascual-Ferra Paola , Bhaktaram Ananya , Mohanty Satyanarayan , Barnett Daniel , Rath Sidharth 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Childhood immunization rates in the urban slums of India are suboptimal. Rapid urbanization is associated with decreased connection to government resources and fewer social interactions between neighbors. The role of social capital in the dissemination of vaccine information is understudied, particularly in this urban slum context. This research explores the social networks of caregivers in Varanasi, India with an eye toward the connection between network structures and the development of social norm networks related to childhood immunization.
Methods
We performed a social network analysis for community detection to visualize the social structure that may influence normative beliefs around childhood immunization. We surveyed 2,058 caregivers living in slum areas of Varanasi, India about childhood immunization practices. Respondents also provided the names of three close contacts with whom they had discussed childhood immunization. We created an index to measure participants’ adherence to descriptive norms and another one to measure their adherence to injunctive norms related to childhood immunization. We then used Gephi software to visualize and analyze the social networks of all respondents and the norm networks based on participants’ strength of adherence to descriptive and injunctive norms.
Results
The analysis uncovered a narrow network of influence comprising mostly of distant and immediate family members, which may speak to a lack of community development in the urban areas we surveyed. The lack of interaction within the broader community – friends, and neighbors, among others - may have implications regarding vaccine intentions, vaccine hesitancy, and beliefs about vaccine safety. Our study of these norm networks indicates caregivers hold strong beliefs regarding childhood immunization, but for half of those in this study, normative beliefs were not as strong.
Conclusions
Understanding social networks and norms is important for encouraging childhood immunization in low-and middle-income countries. Close-knit social networks hold the potential to influence beliefs about childhood immunization, which may impact the role of public health, state, or government-sponsored communication that might promote greater engagement in childhood immunization efforts. We recommend that healthcare practitioners go beyond an individual-to-network model to consider a network-to-network model of influence.
Factors Determining Utilization of Stem Cell Transplant for Initial Therapy of Multiple Myeloma by Patient Race: Exploring Intra-racial Healthcare Disparities.
Authors: Ailawadhi Sikander , Adu Yaw , Frank Ryan , Das Saurav , Hodge David , Fernandez Andre , Flott Caitlyn , Elliott Jamie , Parrondo Ricardo , Sher Taimur , Roy Vivek , Chanan-Khan Asher 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) therapeutics have evolved tremendously in recent years, with significant improvement in patient outcomes. As newer treatment options are developed, stem cell transplant (SCT) remains an important modality that provides excellent disease control and delays the progression of disease. Over the years, SCT use has increased overall in the U.S., but two distinct gaps remain, including suboptimal use overall, and racial-ethnic disparities. We evaluated the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to study what sociodemographic factors might play a role within a given racial-ethnic group leading to disparate SCT utilization, such that targeted approaches can be developed to optimize SCT use for all. In nearly 112,000 cases belonging to mutually exclusive categories of non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB), Hispanics, non-Hispanic Asians (NHA), and others, we found certain factors including age, comorbidity index, payor type, facility type (academic vs. community) and facility volume to be uniformly associated with SCT use for all the racial-ethnic groups, while gender was not significant for any of the groups. There were several other factors which had a differential impact on SCT utilization among the various race-ethnicity groups studied, including year of diagnosis (significant for NHW, NHB and Hispanics), income level (significant for NHW and Hispanics), literacy level (significant for NHW and NHB), and geographic location of the treatment facility (significant for NHW and NHA). The suboptimal SCT utilization overall in the U.S., suggests that there may be room for improvement for all, even including the majority NHW, while we continue to work on factors that lead to disparities for the traditionally underserved populations. This study helps identify sociodemographic factors that may play a role specifically in each group and paves the way to devise targeted solutions such that resource utilization and impact can be maximized.
Implication of the ADCY1 Gene in Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder by Genome-wide Association Meta-analysis
Authors: McQuillin Andrew , Yao Kai , Nadeem Ayeda , Veen Tracey Van Der , Thygesen Johan , Jonsson Lina , Landén Mikael , Song Jie , Bass Nick 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Lithium is a first-line treatment option for bipolar disorder (BD). However, the response to treatment is variable, and lithium is associated with significant side-effects. Efforts to examine the influence of genetics in the efficacy of lithium using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several loci. We report data from 1259 participants with BD recruited at University College London who had been treated with lithium. The data comes from three waves of genotyping on different arrays. The GWAS data from each array was analysed separately and then meta-analysed with two published lithium response GWAS datasets. Post-GWAS analyses were conducted to examine the heritability of lithium response and genetic correlations with other traits. We also attempted to replicate past polygenic risk scores (PRS) results. SNP rs116927879 (A/G) was associated with good lithium response at a genome-wide level of significance (p = 4.509×10− 08) with a consistent effect across all cohorts. rs116927879 is located on chromosome 7 and maps to the protein coding gene ADCY1 and two pseudo-genes, GTF2IP13 and SEPT7P2. ADCY1 plays a role in the regulatory processes in the central nervous system, memory, and learning. We estimated the SNP heritability (h2) for good lithium response as 20.3% and 15.6% for subjective and objective response definitions, respectively. We did not observe any genetic correlation or PRS association between the lithium response and schizophrenia or major depression disorder. However, we found weak evidence to suggest that males were more likely to be good responders. Our GWAS identifies a genome wide significant finding, and provides updated heritability estimates for lithium efficacy, which require further examination.
The Impact of Global Value Chain Reconstruction on Innovation: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Zhu Guang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Based on the trends presented by China's participation in the global value chain (GVC) division of labor, this paper proposes to measure the reconstruction of the GVC from two perspectives: location reconstruction and transfer reconstruction. Through theoretical analysis, it elucidates the issue of how emerging economies represented by China drive innovation through role transformation in the process of participating in the GVC division of labor. Empirical tests are conducted using Chinese firm-level data from 2000 to 2013, and the results indicate that both location reconstruction towards high-tech segments and transfer reconstruction towards non-G7 economies have a promoting effect on firm innovation for emerging market economies. In this process, an increase in import downstreamness promotes firm innovation through technology spillover effect and absorptive capacity effect, however, spillover effect increase is also accompanied by "low-end lock-in" in processing trade firms and foreign-invested firms. Furthermore, the decrease in the share of intermediate products imported from G7 countries promotes firm innovation through the expansion of exports, especially the exports of intermediate products to non-G7 economies, which reflecting the transfer of value chains to some extent.
JEL: F13;F14;O31
Exploring barrier of intrapartum care maternal satisfaction among mothers who gave birth in public hospitals, South-west Shoa Zone, Ethiopia, 2022, Pure qualitative study
Authors: Chuko Bacha Merga , Marami Shambal Negese , Kibrat Fikru Assefa , Gari Zufela Sime , Gindaba Mitiku Yonas , Feyisa Mulugeta , Gazehegn Andualem , Tolesa Fikadu , Geda Gebreyes Mengistu , Terefa Teka Fayera 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Intrapartum care maternal satisfaction is an assumption of happiness with self and with the physical environment of the delivery ward and quality of care. A mom joyful with intrapartum care affects the selection of birth area and helps in identifying gaps between actual and intended health care outcomes. This study aimed to explore barrier of intrapartum care maternal satisfaction.
Objectives: To explore barrier of intrapartum care maternal satisfaction among mothers who gave birth in public hospitals, Southwest Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2022.
Methods: A qualitative study was carried out among 28 mothers from April 15 – May 20, 2022. Purposive sampling technique was used to select mothers for face–to–face in-depth interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically by transcribing recorded audio and notes taken during the interviews manually.
Results: Ten sub-themes were formed based on similarities of mothersòpinions. Then, the sub-theme was merged together, and four main themes were formed. The main themes were inadequate care given by health care providers, inadequate information and counseling given by health care provider, lack of Cleanliness and availability of infrastructure in the health facility and lack of laboratory test, drugs and medical supply.
Conclusion and Recommendation: The barrier of intrapartum care maternal satisfaction were inadequate care given by health care providers, inadequate information and counseling given by health care provider, lack of Cleanliness and availability of infrastructure in the health facility and lack of laboratory test, drugs and medical supply. Health Facility (Hospitals) managers should work hard on availing drugs and laboratory tests cleanliness of delivery ward, and provide linen and night cloth for women who came for labour and delivery.
Association between the Irrigation-Agitation Techniques and Periapical Healing of Large Periapical Lesions: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Doğan Mehmet Umutcan , Arıcıoğlu Banu , Köse Taha Emre , Çıkman Ahter Şanal , Öksüzer Merve Çoban 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of manual dynamic activation (MDA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and laser-activated irrigation (shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS)) on the periapical healing of large periapical lesions following nonsurgical root canal treatment.
Materials and Methods
A total of fifty-six systemically healthy patients with a mandibular single-rooted tooth with periapical lesions of endodontic origin and a periapical index score of 3 or higher were included in the study. Before the treatment procedures, lesion volumes were determined volumetrically using cone–beam computed tomography (CBCT). Patients were randomized into treatment (MDA, PUI, SWEEPS) and control groups (n = 14). Root canal treatment and irrigation procedures were performed by a calibrated postgraduate operator and completed at one visit. For routine follow-up, clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed by a blinded evaluator using periapical (PA) radiographs according to Molven's criteria at 3, 6, and 9 months. At 12 months, lesion volumes were quantified volumetrically using CBCT (ITK-SNAP). The data were statistically analyzed with the Wilcoxon test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.
Results
In all groups, the mean lesion volume after treatment was significantly smaller than the mean volume before treatment (p = 0.001). Among the 56 teeth, 11 teeth were ‘totally healed’, and 39 teeth were ‘reduced’ on PA radiographs. No ‘enlargement’ was detected in any group. On CBCT, the lesion volume decreased in the following order: LAI-SWEEPS (86.9%) > PUI (85.4%) > MDA (80.4%) > control (74.5%), with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
Despite the limitations of the present study, although a greater percentage of healing was observed in the LAI-SWEEPS and PUI groups, irrigation procedures had no statistically significant effect on the healing of periapical lesions with a single root canal at the 12-month follow-up. On the other hand, the outcome may change in multirooted teeth with curved and complex root canal systems.
Clinical Relevance:
In the short term and in single-canal teeth, advanced irrigation agitation methods such as laser and ultrasonic did not make a difference in healing other than manual irrigation agitation.
Clinical profile and Factors associated with adverse outcome following Surgery for Sigmoid Volvulus: A multi centre study
Authors: Khadolwa Stephen Angira , Muhumuza Joshua , Abraha Demoz , Masereka Robert , Okuku Maxwel Dancan , Kabuye Umaru , Kilima Juliet Ilakhalwa , Bukhendwa Rodrigue Cikuru 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
In Uganda, one of the leading causes of intestinal obstruction is sigmoid volvulus. Due to unavailability of endoscopic services in some settings, most of the patients usually undergo emergency surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical profile and factors associated with early adverse outcome following surgery for sigmoid volvulus at Jinja, Hoima and Fortportal regional referral hospitals (FRRH, HRRH and FRRH respectively).
Methods
This was an observational prospective cohort done at 3 regional referral hospitals in Uganda. Patients undergoing surgery for sigmoid volvulus were enrolled consecutively and followed up till the time of discharge or death to document the mortality, occurrence of complications and length of hospital stay. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 with Poisson regression done to determine the factors.
Results
In this study that enrolled 81 participants, majority were males 63(77.8%) with a mean age of 55.1(SD=14.2) years. Hemodynamic instability was seen in 27(33.3%), non-viable gut in 27(33.3%) with colostomies placed in 61(75.3%) of the participants. Death occurred in 10(12.3%) of the patients, while 37(45.7%) had at least one complication with the commonest complication being surgical site infection 21(25.9%). The median length of hospital stay (LOS) was 8(IQR=7-11) days. At multivariate level of analysis, hyperkalemia (aRR=2.210, CI=1.512-3.630, P=0.024) and presence of a sigmoid perforation (aRR=1.913, CI=1.015-3.962, P<0.001) were independently associated with mortality, hypertension (aRR=2.726, CI=1.206-6.158, P=0.016) and presence of hemodynamic instability (aRR=2.500, CI=1.561-4.004, P<0.001) associated with occurrence of complications, while duration of symptoms greater than 3 days (aRR=1.217, CI=1.016-1.458, P=0.033) and hemodynamic instability (aRR=1.165, CI=1.017-1.335, P=0.028) were independently associated with prolonged hospital stay.
Conclusion
A big proportion of the participant’s presented with hemodynamic instability and non-viable gut resulting in placement of many colostomies. The mortality and morbidity were high as well as the length of hospital stay. More sensitization in relation to early presentation to hospital is still needed in order to reduce the number of patients that present with hemodynamic instability and non-viable or perforated sigmoid which in turn could improve the outcomes.