bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization and identification of markers associated with yield traits in mulberry using ISSR markers
Authors: Vijayan K. , Srivatsava P. P. , Nair C. V. , Awasthi A. K. , Tikader A. , Sreenivasa B. , Urs S. R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMulberry (Morus indica L.) is an important tree crop being exploited for feeding the silk‐producing insect Bombyx mori L. In order to identify parents suitable for breeding to raise high‐yielding varieties for the non‐traditional areas of Kerala, India and also to identify markers associated with leaf yield attributing traits, the present study was undertaken with 44 mulberry genotypes. Variability on morpho‐biometric traits and molecular markers, generated with 12 selected ISSR primers, was estimated. Significant differences between genotypes were observed for all the traits. The dendrogram generated with morpho‐biometric characters clustered the genotypes into three distinct groups and one isolate, while the same using Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers clustered the genotypes into five groups and six isolates. The greater resolving power of the ISSR markers was evident form the dendrograms. Using step‐wise multiple regression analysis, a number of markers associated with number of branches, total shoot length, leaf weight, internodal distance, leaf chlorophyll, protein, leaf moisture percentage were identified. These markers could be of much use in Marker assisted selection (MAS) breeding programmes in mulberry, especially when no genetic information in terms of linkage maps and Quantitative Trait Locis (QTLs) is available a plant with high heterozygosity and a long juvenile period.
Evaluation of Czech spring malting barleys with respect to the β‐amylase allele incidence
Authors: Ovesna J. , Machova Polakova K. , Kucera L. , Vaculova K. , Milotova J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractStrong enzymatic activities in the germinating barley grain, together with protein and starch content, are crucial for high extraction values in the resulting malt and, therefore, barley malting quality. The efficient characterization of registered barley cultivars and genetic resources with respect to one of the relevant thermostability enzymes (β‐amylase) is an essential requirement. The template‐directed dye‐terminator incorporation (TDI) assay: based on flourescence resonance energy transfer (TDI‐FRET) (Chen et al. 1995) was used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the β‐amylase coding sequence resulting in low (Sd2L), intermediate (Sd1) and high (Sd2H and Sd3) thermostability enzyme across 84 Czech barley cultivars and genetic resources used over a period of time in the Czech Republic. The incidence of different alleles has changed during the last 100 years. Also the new resources with high thermostabile β‐amylase were identified. They can be used effectively to breed for malting quality improvement.
Significance of host complexity and diversity for race‐specific leaf‐rust resistance in self‐fertile synthetic rye populations
Authors: Wilde K. , Geiger H. H. , Miedaner T. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractLeaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex. Des.) is the most frequently occurring leaf disease in German winter rye (Secale cereale L.). To test the usefulness of race‐specific resistance genes, the effects of increased host diversity and complexity by producing two‐ and four‐line synthetics from inbred lines carrying different resistance genes were analysed. Thirty‐three synthetics along with two full‐sib families and one hybrid variety were tested in 17 environments in Germany under natural infections. For comparison, the parent lines of the synthetics were evaluated in 11 environments. Only two synthetics and the full‐sib families were resistant across all environments. Observed resistance levels of the synthetics were highly correlated (r = 0.83, P = 0.01) with those predicted from the parental values. Host complexity had a minor effect in two‐line synthetics only. In conclusion, the effectiveness of race‐specific leaf‐rust resistances among environments, and increasing the host complexity and diversity does not lead to a higher resistance level than that expected from the resistances of the parents.
Linkage and quantitative trait locus mapping of foliage late blight resistance in the wild species Solanum vernei
Authors: Sørensen K. K. , Madsen M. H. , Kirk H. G. , Madsen D. K. , Torp A. M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe global cultivation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) is threatened by epidemics caused by new variants of the late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. New sources of durable late blight resistance are urgently needed and these may be found in wild Solanum species. The diploid wild species, S. vernei, has not previously been subjected to mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for late blight resistance. Two populations designated HGIHJS and HGG, originating from a cross between a clone of S. vernei and two different S. tuberosum clones were evaluated in field trials for late blight infestation. The relative area under the disease progress curve (RAUDPC) was estimated and used for QTL mapping. A linkage map of S. vernei, comprising 11 linkage groups, nine of which could be assigned to chromosomes, was constructed. Results indicated that the resistance in S. vernei was quantitatively inherited. Significant QTLs for late blight resistance were identified on chromosomes VIII (HGG), VI and IX (HGIHJS). In addition, potential QTLs were detected on chromosomes VII (HGIHJS) and IX (HGG). A putative and a significant QTL for tuber yield were found on chromosomes VI and VII in HGG, but no linkage between yield and resistance was indicated. The QTL for late blight resistance, which mapped to chromosome IX, could be useful for late blight resistance breeding as it was located close to the microsatellite marker STM1051 in both populations.
Molecular evidence of biased inheritance of trifluralin herbicide resistance in foxtail millet
Authors: Tian X. , Délye C. , Darmency H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractInheritance of trifluralin herbicide resistance was investigated for phenotype and genotype (molecular identification) in 12 segregating populations derived from crosses between resistant green foxtail (Setaria viridis) and foxtail millet cultivars (S. italica). Combining a herbicide bioassay and a bidirectional allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, the trifluralin resistance in foxtail millet was proved to be conferred by a recessive α2‐tubulin gene mutation at Ile‐239, the allele transferred by green foxtail. However, a distorted segregation ratio in F2 populations was confirmed, with 16.9% resistant plants on average instead of the 25% expected for a single gene recessive mutation. This was not due to non‐germinating seed and the distortion was also observed in the next generations, indicating a heritable phenomenon. After further crosses and self‐fertilization, however, more advanced generations did not show the same pattern of skewed inheritance as in the early generations. These results suggest the possibility of linkage between the α2‐tubulin gene and a modifier gene to explain the distorted segregation, which might be broken by crossing over.
A sequence‐specific PCR marker linked with Pm21 distinguishes chromosomes 6AS, 6BS, 6DS of Triticum aestivum and 6VS of Haynaldia villosa
Authors: Cao A. Z. , Wang X. E. , Chen Y. P. , Zou X. W. , Chen P. D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTo develop markers linked with Pm21 located on chromosome 6VS of Haynaldia villosa, a pair of primers (NAU/xibao15F and NAU/xibao15R) were designed according to the sequence of a serine/threonine kinase gene (Contig17515), whose expression was induced by Blumeria graminis and selected from the gene expression experiment using the Barley GeneChip. Using genomic DNA of various genetic stocks including the wheat variety ‘Yangmai#5’, H. villosa, Triticum durum–H. villosa amphiploid, seven T. aestivum–H. villosa addition lines involving chromosomes 1V–7V, the translocation line T6VS·6AL, and 21 nullisomic–tetrasomic and eight deletion lines of T. aestivum‘Chinese Spring’ as templates, four amplicons specific for 6VS, 6AS, 6BS and 6DS, respectively, were produced. F2 individuals derived from the cross of ‘Yangmai#5’ × T6VS·6AL were analysed, and data indicate that NAU/xibao15902 could be used as a co‐dominant marker for selecting Pm21 located on 6VS.
Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Subramaniam RM , Blair D , Gilbert K , Sleigh J , Karalus N 
Published: May 2006

SummaryOver the last decade, contrast‐enhanced spiral CT has been established as a non‐invasive alternative to catheter angiography and is now regarded as the first‐line imaging investigation for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). The reported sensitivities for the diagnosis of PE of spiral CT vary from 45 to 100% and the specificities vary from 78 to 100%. Prospective outcome studies have shown a high negative predictive value for a single‐detector spiral CT for PE. Patients’ outcomes were not adversely affected in these studies when anticoagulation was withheld after a negative CT pulmonary angiogram. The main limitation of single‐detector spiral CT has been its limited ability to detect isolated subsegmental PE. However, multidetector spiral CT allows evaluation of pulmonary vessels down to sixth‐order branches and significantly increases the rate of detection of PE in segmental and subsegmental levels. The interobserver correlations for diagnosis of subsegmental PE with multidetector spiral CT exceed the reproducibility of selective pulmonary angiography. If appropriate equipment is available (multidetector CT), then CT pulmonary angiogram is safe to be used as the first‐line imaging investigation for the diagnosis of PE.
Chordoma: 6 Years’ experience at a tertiary centre
Authors: Agrawal PP , Bahadur AK , Mohanta PK , Singh K , Rathi AK 
Published: May 2006

SummaryNine patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of chordoma seen at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital between January 1999 and December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed with respect to age, sex, presentation, location of tumour, treatment, response, recurrence, metastasis and follow up. Chordoma constituted 0.07% of total cancer cases registered over 6 years. Out of nine patients, eight were males and one was female with median age at time of diagnosis 52 years (range 34–68 years). All had sacrococcygeal lesions except one who had a spheno‐occipital lesion. Seven patients had undergone either subtotal or gross total resection whereas only biopsy had been carried out in two of them. All patients received radiation therapy, seven in a postoperative setting and two for palliation. Follow‐up period ranged from 2 to 50 months. Four patients died – the first after fourth fraction of radiation, second after 10 days of treatment, third of progressive lesion in sphenoidal region despite resection and radiation and fourth of local recurrence in the sacrococcyx. One patient developed distant metastases in the lungs and subcutaneous tissue over the scalp along with local recurrence; he is still alive. Two patients are locally free of disease whereas the other two were lost to follow up. The present analysis was undertaken to review our institutional experience with an aim to provide a practical approach to these tumours. In this report, these cases are discussed and the published works have been reviewed for the optimal management of patients with chordoma.
Perceptual error and the culture of open disclosure in Australian radiology
Authors: Pitman AG 
Published: May 2006

SummaryThe work of diagnostic radiology consists of the complete detection of all abnormalities in an imaging examination and their accurate diagnosis. Errors in diagnostic radiology comprise perceptual errors, which are a failure of detection, and interpretation errors, which are errors of diagnosis. Perceptual errors are subject to rules of human perception and can be expected in a proportion of observations by any human observer including a trained professional under ideal conditions. Current legal standards of medical negligence make no allowance for perceptual errors, comparing human performance to an ideal standard. Diagnostic radiology in Australia has a culture of open disclosure, where full unbiased evidence from an examination is provided to the patient together with the report. This practice benefits the public by allowing genuine differences of opinion and also by allowing a second chance of correct diagnosis in cases of perceptual error. The culture of open disclosure, which is unique to diagnostic radiology, places radiologists at distinct medicolegal disadvantage compared with other specialties. (i) Perceptual error should be acknowledged as an integral inevitable part of diagnostic radiology; (ii) culture of open disclosure should be encouraged by the profession; and (iii) a pragmatic definition of medical negligence should reflect the imperfect performance of human observers.
Pneumonia can cause 111Indium octreotide uptake
Authors: Yenson T , Khalil T , Larcos G 
Published: May 2006

SummaryAn 18‐year‐old woman underwent an 111In octreotide scan for evaluation of a possible insulinoma. This showed mildly increased radiopharmaceutical uptake involving the right lung base. The patient reported a productive cough for 5 days before the octreotide scan. A chest radiograph was taken, which showed increased airspace opacification in the right lower lobe, corresponding to the uptake seen on the octreotide scan. After a course of oral antibiotics, the patient’s chest symptoms improved and the radiograph opacification resolved, confirming the diagnosis of community‐acquired pneumonia. This case stresses the need to correlate scan results with the patient’s presentation and symptoms to avoid false‐positive data.
Acute subarachnoid haemorrhage: A rare presentation of cerebral dural sinus thrombosis
Authors: Rice H , Tang YM 
Published: May 2006

SummaryWe report a case of cerebral dural sinus thrombosis presenting as acute subarachnoid haemorrhage and clinically mimicking an aneurysmal bleed. Awareness of this rare initial presentation of cerebral venous thrombosis is important and should be considered in the diagnostic work‐up of acute subarachnoid haemorrhage. The radiologist plays a crucial role in making this often unsuspected but important diagnosis to enable prompt appropriate treatment.
Sonographic target sign and rim enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging in metastatic melanoma to the breast
Authors: Ashkar L , Mesurolle B , Tremblay F 
Published: May 2006

SummaryWe report a target sign on ultrasound and peripheral rim enhancement on gadolinium (Gd)‐enhanced MRI images in metastasis to the breast from melanoma. These classic signs, as reported in the liver (ultrasound target sign) and in primary breast cancers (Gd rim enhancement), are probably also of value in cases of metastatic lesions to the breast.
Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma
Authors: Puvaneswary M , Macintosh J , Cassey J 
Published: May 2006

SummaryCystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma is a relatively rare tumour of the kidney usually affecting infants. Cystic Wilms’ tumour and multilocular cystic nephroma should be distinguished from cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma. Multilocular cystic nephroma is a benign tumour whereas cystic Wilms’ tumour is at the malignant end of the range of classification of such tumours. Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma may undergo local recurrence but there is no report of metastasis.
Importance in optimization of multi‐slice computed tomography scan protocols
Authors: Heggie JCP , Kay JK , Lee WK 
Published: May 2006

SummaryThis paper reviews the reasons why multi‐slice CT scanners may give patients higher dose than their single‐slice predecessors and discusses the type of optimization of multi‐slice scan protocols that may be undertaken to keep patient doses to acceptable levels without compromising image quality. It also provides estimates of patient effective dose values and dose length products for typical procedures and briefly discusses the implication that these dose values have for the induction of possible stochastic effects.
Rectal guiding tube to facilitate distal colonic stent insertion
Authors: Chaitowitz IM , Bell KW 
Published: May 2006

SummarySelf‐expanding metallic stents for the treatment of acute colonic obstruction is a recent technique showing promising results. Traditionally metallic stents have used a colonoscope as the portal for stent insertion. Our rectal guiding tube has been devised to enable continuous opacification of the colon without contrast or colonic content leakage and provide a rigid portal through which to insert the metallic stent safely. In many situations concomitant use of a colonoscope is not necessary, especially in left‐sided or more distal colonic lesions.
Retroperitoneal laparoscopic decortication of simple renal cysts using the bipolar PlasmaKinetic scissors
Authors: TEFEKLI AHMET , ALTUNRENDE FATIH , BAYKAL MURAT , SARILAR OMER , KABAY SAHIN , MUSLUMANOGLU AHMET YASER 
Published: May 2006

Objectives:  To analyse the efficacy, safety and feasibility of retroperitoneal laparoscopic decortication of simple renal cysts using bipolar PlasmaKinetic scissors.Methods:  Records of 19 patients who underwent laparoscopic decortication of simple renal cysts, performed with bipolar PlasmaKinetic scissors without additional fulguration of the base or the margin of resection, were retrospectively reviewed. Long‐term symptomatic and radiological outcomes were assessed.Results:  One single cyst was treated in fourteen (73.7%) cases, two cysts in three (15.8%) cases, three cysts in one (5.2%) case and multiple cysts in one case with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. They were peripherally located in thirteen, peripelvic in three, and parenchymal in two cases. An average of 3.1 trochars were used for each procedure. The mean operating time was 82.5 ± 16.7 min (range, 50–135). Neither open conversion nor blood transfusion was necessary. A total of six minor complications were encountered. Mean hospital stay 2.3 ± 0.9 days (range, 1–4). After a mean follow up of 14.3 ± 5.9 months (range, 3–24), symptomatic success was achieved in 89.5%, and radiological success was accomplished in 88.2%. An asymptomatic cyst recurrence was observed in one (5.9%) case, and one (5.9%) case with residual pain had new cyst formation at another site of the kidney.Conclusions:  Retroperitoneal laparoscopic cyst decortication using bipolar PlasmaKinetic scissors is a feasible and efficient method, eliminating further fulguration of the base and the margins of the cysts. Operating times are shorter than previously published series and highly satisfactory long‐term success rates are achieved.
Real‐time quantitative analysis for human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA and human telomerase RNA component mRNA expressions as markers for clinicopathologic parameters in urinary bladder cancer
Authors: TAKIHANA YOSHIO , TSUCHIDA TAKAYUKI , FUKASAWA MIZUYA , ARAKI ISAO , TANABE NOBUAKI , TAKEDA MASAYUKI 
Published: May 2006

Aim:  The expression of the telomerase subunits such as human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and human telomerase RNA component (hTR) may be associated with tumor development and progression. We evaluated the relationship between mRNA quantification of both hTERT and hTR and clinicopathologic parameters in bladder cancer.Methods:  We examined the mRNA expression of hTERT and hTR in 29 specimens with bladder cancer (Grade: Grade I, 9 cases; Grade II, 13 cases and Grade III, 7 cases. Stage: pTa‐pT1, 18 cases; pT2‐T4, 11 cases). We immediately froze all of specimens obtained during TUR‐Bt and isolated the total RNA from each specimen. We measured the quantity of hTERT, hTR and GAPDH mRNA by a real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction method based on TaqMan technology.Results:  The hTERT/GAPDH mRNA ratio and hTERT mRNA/total RNA in superficial bladder tumor was significantly lower than in invasive bladder tumor. The hTR/GAPDH mRNA ratio and hTR mRNA/total RNA in superficial tumor were significantly lower than in invasive bladder tumor. The hTERT mRNA expression significantly correlated with tumor grade, but the hTR mRNA expression did not correlate with tumor grade. There was no significant difference in the hTERT/GAPDH mRNA ratio and hTR mRNA/total RNA according to multiplicity of bladder tumor.Conclusions:  Our results demonstrated that the expression of hTERT mRNA correlated with the progression of stage and grade in bladder cancer. The quantitative analysis of hTERT and hTR mRNA might be a marker for clinicopathologic parameters in bladder cancer.
Exogenous human recombinant interleukin‐10 protects the kidney against hypoxia‐induced renal injury in immature rats
Authors: ÖZTÜRK HAYRETTIN , ONEN ABDURRAHMAN , ÖZTÜRK HULYA , BUYUKBAYRAM HUSEYIN 
Published: May 2006

Aim:  The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous human recombinant interleukin‐10 (rhIL‐10) on hypoxia‐induced renal injury in immature rats.Method:  The study was performed on 1‐day‐old Sprague–Dawley rat pups. Group 1 (n = 8) served as non‐hypoxic controls. Group 2 (untreated, n = 8) rats were subjected to hypoxia‐reoxygenation (H/O) and were then returned to their mothers. Group 3 (rhIL‐10 treated, n = 8) rats were subjected to H/O, were returned to their mothers, and were treated with rhIL‐10 (75 µg/kg subcutaneously) for the next 3 days. All animals were killed on day 4 and renal specimens were obtained to determine the tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and histological changes.Results:  In the untreated group, moderate or severe renal tubular necrosis was observed However, the tubular necrosis score was significantly less in the rhIL‐10 treated rats than in the untreated rats (P < 0.05). In the untreated group, MDA levels were significantly increased compared with the control and rhIL‐10 groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). In the rhIL‐10 treated group, MDA levels were not significantly different compared with the control group.Conclusion:  RhIL‐10 has a protective effect against hypoxia‐induced renal injury in immature rats by depression of tissue MDA level and renal tubular necrosis score.