bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of High-Intensity With Short-Duration Re–Warm-Up on Subsequent Performance in a Cold Environment
Authors: Yamashita Yuto , Umemura Yoshihisa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Yamashita, Y and Umemura, Y. Effect of high-intensity with short-duration re-warm up on subsequent performance in a cold environment. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): e280–e287, 2024—The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity, short-duration re–warm-up (RW) during half time (HT) on subsequent performance in a cold environment. Eleven male subjects (age, 21 ± 2 years; height, 172.4 ± 4.5 cm; body mass, 65.6 ± 7.1 kg; V̇o
2max, 47.5 ± 4.8 ml·kg−1·min−1) performed 2 experimental trials comprising 40 minutes of intermittent cycling exercise, which consisted of 15-second rest, 25-second unloading cycling, 10-second high-intensity cycling, and 70-second moderate-intensity cycling as the first half. In the second half, a cycling intermittent-sprint protocol (CISP) was performed, separated by a 15-minute HT period in cold conditions (5 °C, 50% relative humidity). Two experimental trials were included in a random order: (a) approximately 1 minute of high-intensity, short-duration RW (3 sets of 3-second maximal pedaling [body weight × 0.075 kp]) trial high-intensity intermittent cycling trials (HII); (b) 15 minutes of seated rest trial (CON). Cycling intermittent-sprint protocol consisted of 10 sets of a 2-minute exercise protocol, and each set consisted of 10-second rest, 5-second maximal pedaling (body weight × 0.075 kp), and 105-second active recovery at 50% maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max). Peak power output of 5-second maximal pedaling during CISP was higher in HII trials than in CON trials (HII: 807 ± 81 W, CON: 791 ± 78 W, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in rectal temperature between trial types (p > 0.05). These results suggest that high-intensity, short-duration RW may be a useful HT strategy for improving subsequent performance in cold environments.
Collective Weakness Is Associated With Time to Mortality in Americans
Authors: McGrath Ryan , McGrath Brenda M. , Jurivich Donald , Knutson Peter , Mastrud Michaela , Singh Ben , Tomkinson Grant R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
McGrath, R, McGrath, BM, Jurivich, D, Knutson, P, Mastrud, M, Singh, B, and Tomkinson, GR. Collective weakness is associated with time to mortality in Americans. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—Using new weakness cutpoints individually may help estimate time to mortality, but their collective use could improve value. We sought to determine the associations of (a) each absolute and body size normalized cut point and (b) collective weakness on time to mortality in Americans. The analytic sample included 14,178 subjects aged ≥50 years from the 2006–2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Date of death was confirmed from the National Death Index. Handgrip dynamometry measured handgrip strength (HGS). Men were categorized as weak if their HGS was <35.5 kg (absolute), <0.45 kg·kg−1 (body mass normalized), or <1.05 kg·kg−1·m−2 (body mass index [BMI] normalized). Women were classified as weak if their HGS was <20.0 kg, <0.337 kg·kg−1, or <0.79 kg·kg−1·m−2. Collective weakness categorized persons as below 1, 2, or all 3 cutpoints. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used for analyses. Subject values below each absolute and normalized cutpoint for the 3 weakness parameters had a higher hazard ratio for early all-cause mortality: 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–1.55) for absolute weakness, 1.39 (CI: 1.30–1.49) for BMI normalized weakness, and 1.33 (CI: 1.24–1.43) for body mass normalized weakness. Those below 1, 2, or all 3 weakness cut points had a 1.37 (CI: 1.26–1.50), 1.47 (CI: 1.35–1.61), and 1.69 (CI: 1.55–1.84) higher hazard for mortality, respectively. Weakness determined by a composite measure of absolute and body size adjusted strength capacity provides robust prediction of time to mortality, thus potentially informing sports medicine and health practitioner discussions about the importance of muscle strength during aging.
Practitioner Usage, Applications, and Understanding of Wearable GPS and Accelerometer Technology in Team Sports
Authors: Dawson Laura , McErlain-Naylor Stuart A. , Devereux Gavin , Beato Marco 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Dawson, L, McErlain-Naylor, SA, Devereux, G, and Beato, M. Practitioner usage, applications, and understanding of wearable GPS and accelerometer technology in team sports. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—Monitoring training load is essential for optimizing the performance of athletes, allowing practitioners to assess training programs, monitor athlete progress, and minimize the risk of injury and overtraining. However, there is no universal method for training load monitoring, and the adoption of wearable global positioning system (GPS) and accelerometer technology in team sports has increased the volume of data and, therefore, the number of possible approaches. This survey investigated the usage, applications, and understanding of this technology by team sports practitioners. Seventy-two practitioners involved in team and athlete performance monitoring using GPS and accelerometer technology completed the survey. All respondents reported supporting the use of GPS technology in their sport, with 70.8% feeling that GPS technology is important for success. Results showed that 87.5% of respondents use data from wearable technology to inform training prescription, although only 50% use the data to influence decisions in competition. In addition, results showed that GPS metrics are used more than accelerometer-derived metrics; however, both are used regularly. Discrepancies in accelerometer usage highlighted concerns about practitioners' understanding of accelerometer-derived metrics. This survey gained insight into usage, application, understanding, practitioner needs, and concerns and criticisms surrounding the use of GPS and accelerometer metrics for athlete load monitoring. Such information can be used to improve the implementation of this technology in team sport monitoring and highlight gaps in the literature that will help to design future studies to support practitioner needs.
What if We Seem to Seem and Not Seem? Estimating the Unreasonable Price of Illusionism
Authors: Karak Biplab 
Published: April 2024

With its strategic consideration of phenomenal consciousness illusorily seeming to us, illusionism claims to deny phenomenality and thereby obviate the hard problem of consciousness. The problem with illusionism, however, is that, although its thesis appears persuasively simple, it strikes as absurd insofar as the phenomenal illusions themselves also seem as much as phenomenality, keeping no fundamental differences between the two. In short, it reinforces the same phenomenon/issue, i.e., phenomenality, that it claims to deny/avoid. This single absurdity is reflective of its self-refuting nature, and it alone is enough for a rejection of illusionism. However, does illusionism have any reasonable justification to defend itself in the face of the experientially undeniable reality of phenomenal consciousness? This paper attempts to find out if there is any such illusionist justification.
Enhancing machine learning classification of microstructures: A workflow study on joining image data and metadata in CNN
Authors: Stiefel Marie , Müller Martin , Bachmann Björn-Ivo , Guitar Maria Agustina , Nayak Ullal Pranav , Mücklich Frank 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn view of the paradigm shift toward data-driven research in materials science and engineering, handling large amounts of data becomes increasingly important. The application of FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) data principles emphasizes the importance of metadata describing datasets. We propose a novel data processing and machine learning (ML) pipeline to extract metadata from micrograph image files, then combine image data and their metadata for microstructure classification with a deep learning approach compared to a classic ML approach. The ML model attained excellent performances with and without metadata and bears potential for performance improvement of further use cases within the community.
Graphical abstract
Solutions of Surface-Wave Dispersion and Attenuation in Stratified Viscoelastic Media Using a Spectral-Element Approach
Authors: Shi Caiwang , Yuan Shichuan , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Efficient and accurate calculation for the dispersion and attenuation of the surface waves in viscoelastic media is numerically challenging because the eigen wavenumbers are located in the complex domain. In this study, we propose a semianalytical spectral-element method (SASEM), which can determine the complex eigen wavenumbers by solving linear eigenvalue problems. By simplifying the structure of the eigenvalue problem, we significantly improve the calculation efficiency. The implementation of the frequency-dependent automatic discretization, semi-infinite element, and mode filter guarantees the correctness and accuracy of the modal solutions. Because no root-searching schemes are required, the root-skipping problem is naturally avoided. The numerical tests show that the SASEM can provide sufficiently accurate solutions with much less computation cost than traditional Muller’s method. Meanwhile, SASEM exhibits high flexibility when applied to media the parameters for which vary continuously with depth. To demonstrate the effectiveness of SASEM for complicated dispersion features, the dispersion curves and eigen wavefields of the viscoelastic media with a low-velocity layer are also analyzed. The results of numerical tests indicate the versatility, efficiency, and accuracy of our method. With further study, the proposed SASEM has the potential to become a promising tool for the investigation and retrieval of viscoelastic subsurface structures.
IMF and Global Public Goods: seeking a new role in the global economy
Authors: Kopiński Dominik , Nowicki Michał , Wróblewski Marek 
Published: April 2024

Current global economic challenges have stimulated public demand for coordinated activities at a transnational level (as evidenced by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis). In this context, academic discourse and the forums of various multilateral organizations have invoked the concept of global public goods (GPGs). This paper explores the practical realization of the GPGs concept within the global structures of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), assessing the extent to which the wealth of services provided by the Fund may actually be considered GPGs. Approaching the subject from a theoretical perspective, the paper draws on analytical evaluations of relevant documents and IMF data sources, as well as empirical findings derived from semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDI) with representatives of international organizations (including the IMF) in Washington, DC. The findings suggest that the IMF provides a diverse array of products supportive of international financial stability (particularly ‘best-shot public goods’), and may therefore be regarded as exemplifying the GPGs concept. During times of relative global economic stability, IMF expenditure shifts toward technical support and monitoring, placing the organization in a role more akin to a provider of pure public goods. However, despite the IMF enjoying a number of competitive advantages (and resources) that would seem to preordain a role as a major GPGs provider, the GPGs concept is only marginally evoked in the organization’s publications and activities. Moreover, certain elements of the IMF’s model of operation drastically reduce the organization’s current operating capability as a GPGs provider.
Contributors to Early Mortality in African Americans, the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Brooks Katherine C. , Ommerborn Mark J. , Brewer Lara I. , Sims Mario , Correa Adolfo , Tajeu Gabriel S. , Clark Cheryl R. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
In recent years, premature “deaths of despair” (ie, due to alcohol, drug use, and suicide) among middle-aged White Americans have received increased attention in the popular press, yet there has been less discussion on what explains premature deaths among young African Americans. In this study, we examined factors related to deaths of despair (alcohol use, drug use, smoking) and contextual factors (perceived discrimination, socioeconomic status, neighborhood conditions) as predictors of premature deaths before the age of 65 years among African Americans.

Methods
The Jackson Heart Study (JHS) is a longitudinal cohort study of African Americans in the Jackson, Mississippi, metropolitan statistical area. We included participants younger than 65 years at baseline (n=4000). Participant enrollment began in 2000 and data for these analyses were collected through 2019. To examine predictors of mortality, we calculated multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs; 95% CI), using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, ideal cardiovascular health metrics, drug use, alcohol intake, functional status, cancer, chronic kidney disease, asthma, waist circumference, depression, income, education, health insurance status, perceived neighborhood safety, and exposure to lifetime discrimination.

Results
There were 230 deaths in our cohort, which spanned from 2001-2019. After adjusting for all covariates, males (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.11-2.03), participants who used drugs (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.13-2.08), had a heavy alcohol drinking episode (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.22-2.41), reported 0-1 ideal cardiovascular health metrics (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.06-3.02), had cancer (HR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.41-4.01), had poor functional status (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.19-2.37), or with annual family income less than $25,000 (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.02-2.62) were more likely to die before 65 years of age.

Conclusions
In our large cohort of African American men and women, clinical predictors of premature death included poor cardiovascular health and cancer, and social predictors included low income, drug use, heavy alcohol use, and being a current smoker. Clinical and social interventions are warranted to prevent premature mortality in African Americans.
Are Indexes of Ecological Risk Associated with Trace Metals Relevant for the Characterization of Mine Tailings and Polluted Soils in the Katangese Copperbelt (DR Congo) and for Assessment of the Performance of Remediation Trials
Authors: Langunu Serge , Kilela Mwanasomwe Jacques , Colinet Gilles , Ngoy Shutcha Mylor 
Published: April 2024

This study aims to contribute to the characterization of Katangese Copperbelt&#039;s mining wastes and soils polluted with trace metals, using pollution indices and direct concentration measurements. The study also evaluated the use of these indices in assessing the success of remediation projects. Analytical data from previous studies and samples collected from six types of discharge and one polluted soil were used to address the first objective. Soil and plant samples were collected at Kipushi and Penga Penga for the second objective. The results revealed very high concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn in all mine tailings and polluted soils, compared with local references. The degree of contamination (DC) values (from 72 to 5440) and potential ecological risk (RI) values (from 549 to 162 091) indicate very high-risk situations associated with polluted discharges and soils. Regarding revegetation trials, the results show lower concentrations and RIs in tree rhizospheres compared with unamended areas at both sites. However, trace metal concentrations are higher in tree rhizospheres compared with local references, and RI values are in the considerable risk range for Penga Penga (RI = 533) and very high (&amp;gt;1500) for Kipushi. Bioconcentration factor values are below 1, indicating low accumulation in roots, wood, and leaves, and low risk of contamination of the trophic chain. In this context, it seems that the pollution indices used are unsuitable for assessing the effectiveness of phytotechnology processes based on metal stabilization. Direct plant performance measurements combined with direct measurements of metals in substrates and plants to assess transfer and efficiency are more appropriate.
Trajectories of Mental Distress Among US Women by Sexual Orientation and Racialized Group During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Beccia Ariel L. , Zubizarreta Dougie , Austin S. Bryn , Raifman Julia R. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Charlton Brittany M. 
Published: April 2024

Objectives. To describe longitudinal trends in the prevalence of mental distress across the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020‒April 2021) among US women at the intersection of sexual orientation and racialized group. Methods. Participants included 49 805 cisgender women and female-identified people from the COVID-19 Sub-Study, a cohort of US adults embedded within the Nurses’ Health Studies 2 and 3 and the Growing Up Today Study. We fit generalized estimating equation Poisson models to estimate trends in depressive and anxiety symptoms by sexual orientation (gay or lesbian, bisexual, mostly heterosexual, completely heterosexual); subsequent models explored further differences by racialized group (Asian, Black, Latine, White, other or unlisted). Results. Relative to completely heterosexual peers, gay or lesbian, bisexual, and mostly heterosexual women had a higher prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms at each study wave and experienced widening inequities over time. Inequities were largest for sexual minority women of color, although confidence intervals were wide. Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated already-glaring mental health inequities affecting sexual minority women, especially those belonging to marginalized racialized groups. Future research should investigate structural drivers of these patterns to inform policy-oriented interventions. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(5):511–522. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307601 )
CONTRATACIÓN ONLINE. PENSAMIENTO Y NEUTRALIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE LOS SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONALES
Authors: Tur Faúndez Carlos 
Published: April 2024

Legal transactions carried out through online applications are currently a mass phenomenon that requires individualized study. The issue is often approached from a strictly legal perspective, without taking into consideration the extraordinary impact that the underlying technology has on the legislative framework that regulates online contracting. The aim of this paper is to propose reasonable legal answers to several of the major dogmas concerning computational thinking. The vast majority of applications for online contracting are based on traditional algorithms optimized to increase maximum revenue for service providers. Taking this statement as a point of reference, it is appropriate to review the concept of technological neutrality and reconsider the position to be adopted by lawmakers in the face of the advance of ICTs.
Effects of Noncrosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol Fluid Loss Additive on the Compressive Strength and Viscosity of Class G Cement Slurries
Authors: Lima Victor N. , Skadsem Hans J. , Souza Felipe R. , Kaneshima Takuma , Letichevsky Sonia , de Avillez Roberto R. , Silva Flavio A. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryLimiting the fluid loss from the cement slurry to the adjacent formation by using additives is essential for maintaining the slurry’s water/cement ratio. The present work focuses on the effect of noncrosslinked polyvinyl alcohol additive (PVOH), a widely used fluid loss additive (FLA), on the compression strength and rheological behavior of Class G cement pastes. Results of the current study show that the PVOH surfactant characteristic and its absorptive mechanism interfere not only with the hydration process but also with the physical properties and compressive strength of cement pastes, such as porosity, permeability, and early age strength, which revealed the importance of using a defoamer when PVOH is present in the mixture. In the absence of a defoamer, the PVOH additive generates foam in the mixed cement paste samples, which results in increased porosity and reduced compressive strength of the hardened cement paste. Moreover, regarding rheology, increasing the PVOH concentration increased the effective viscosity when evaluating flow curves. Therefore, this study demonstrates a systematic method for assessing the possible effects of cement paste additives, such as PVOH and defoamer, providing a physical and mechanical approach rather than just chemical to evaluate additives’ influence on the mixtures. This method should consider different additives in combination with PVOH to test cement paste stability and to obtain specific working recipes.
BrainMNet: A Unified Neural Network Architecture for Brain Image Classification
Authors: Ghosh Sudip , _ Deepti , Gupta Shivam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In brain-related diseases, including Brain Tumours and Alzheimer's, accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for effective medical intervention. Current state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches in medical imaging predominantly focus on diagnosing a single brain disease at a time. However, recent research has uncovered intricate connections between various brain diseases, realizing that treating one condition may lead to the development of others. Consequently, there is a growing need for accurate diagnostic systems addressing multiple brain-related diseases. Designing separate models for different diseases, however, can impose substantial overhead. To tackle this challenge, our paper introduces BrainMNet, an innovative neural network architecture explicitly tailored for classifying brain images. The primary objective is to propose a single, robust framework capable of diagnosing a spectrum of brain-related diseases. The paper comprehensively validates BrainMNet's efficacy, specifically in diagnosing Brain tumours and Alzheimer's disease. Remarkably, the proposed model workflow surpasses current SOTA methods, demonstrating a substantial enhancement in accuracy and precision. Furthermore, it maintains a balanced performance across different classes in the Brain tumour and Alzheimer's dataset, emphasizing the versatility of our architecture for precise disease diagnosis. BrainMNet undergoes an ablation study to optimize its choice of the optimal optimizer, and a data growth analysis verifies its performance on small datasets, simulating real-life scenarios where data progressively increases over time. Thus, this paper signifies a significant stride toward a unified solution for diagnosing diverse brain-related diseases.