bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant–pollinator network architecture does not impact intraspecific microbiome variability
Authors: Smith Gordon P. , Cohen Hamutahl , Zorn Jocelyn F. , McFrederick Quinn S. , Ponisio Lauren C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVariation in how individuals interact with food resources can directly impact, and be affected by, their microbial interactions due to the potential for transmission. The degree to which this transmission occurs, however, may depend on the structure of forager networks, which determine the community‐scale transmission opportunities. In particular, how the community‐scale opportunity for transfer balances individual‐scale barriers to transmission is unclear. Examining the bee–flower and bee–microbial interactions of over 1000 individual bees, we tested (1) the degree to which individual floral visits predicted microbiome composition and (2) whether plant–bee networks with increased opportunity for microbial transmission homogenized the microbiomes of bees within that network. The pollen community composition carried by bees was associated with microbiome composition at some sites, suggesting that microbial transmission at flowers occurred. Contrary to our predictions, however, microbiome variability did not differ based on transfer opportunity: bee microbiomes in asymmetric networks with high opportunity for microbial transfer were similarly variable compared to microbiomes in networks with more evenly distributed links. These findings suggest that microbial transmission at flowers is frequent enough to be observed at the community level, but that community network structure did not substantially change the dynamics of this transmission, perhaps due to filtering processes in host guts.
Unmanned aerial vehicle–human collaboration route planning for intelligent infrastructure inspection
Authors: Pan Yue , Li Linfeng , Qin Jianjun , Chen Jin‐Jian , Gardoni Paolo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMotivated by the strengths of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the UAV–human collaboration route planning (UHCRP) for intelligent infrastructure inspection is a problem worthy of discussion to help reduce human costs and minimize the risk of noninspected infrastructures under limited resources. To facilitate UHCRP, this paper proposes a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL)‐based approach to well handle multi‐source uncertain features and constraints at a fast speed. To begin with, UHCRP is mathematically described and reformulated as a dual interdependent deep reinforcement learning (diDRL) framework to reflect real‐world scenarios. Afterward, a novel policy network named the attention‐based deep neural network (A‐DNN) is introduced to learn the route planning decisions for the combinatorial optimization problem. In particular, A‐DNN is made up of an encoder and a dual decoder for UAV and human inspection, where the multi‐head attention mechanism is incorporated to generate richer representations for model performance improvement. Performance of the proposed dual multi‐head attention model (DAM) has been tested in simulations and a real‐world case study regarding wind farm inspection. Results indicate that DAM under the sampling decoding strategy can deliver a high‐quality path plan and show better generalizability for larger scale problem sizes compared to single‐head attention model (SAM), multi‐head attention model (AM), and two baseline models, namely OR‐Tools and genetic algorithm. Moreover, DAM trained by randomly generated data can be directly employed to solve the practical problem with standardization of inputs. Overall, DRL integrates decision‐making for inspection method selection and inspected infrastructure selection, providing adaptive and intelligent inspection path planning for UAV and human in complex and dynamic engineering environments.
Oesophageal pressure monitoring in intubated patients by intensive care units' nurses: An educational study
Authors: Campfort Maëva , Laurioux Flavie , Olivier Pierre‐Yves , Piquilloud Lise , Mercat Alain , Beloncle François 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTrained ICU nurses may perform oesophageal pressure measurements which may help facilitate its implementation in the usual patient care to better assess lung and chest wall mechanics and easily detect patient‐ventilator asynchronies. We thus conducted a prospective educational study aiming to assess the ability of ICU nurses to perform reliable oesophageal pressure measurements after a short dedicated training program. All the 11 nurses who completed the program succeeded their practical evaluation (nine (82%) at the first evaluation and two (18%) at their second attempt). These results show that this training program is feasible and that trained ICU nurses can perform accurate oesophageal pressure measurements in mechanically ventilated patients.
Altering the substitution and cross‐linking of glucuronoarabinoxylans affects cell wall architecture in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Tryfona Theodora , Pankratova Yanina , Petrik Deborah , Rebaque Moran Diego , Wightman Raymond , Yu Xiaolan , Echevarría‐Poza Alberto , Deralia Parveen Kumar , Vilaplana Francisco , Anderson Charles T. , Hong Mei , Dupree Paul 
Published: February 2024

Summary
The Poaceae family of plants provides cereal crops that are critical for human and animal nutrition, and also, they are an important source of biomass. Interacting plant cell wall components give rise to recalcitrance to digestion; thus, understanding the wall molecular architecture is important to improve biomass properties. Xylan is the main hemicellulose in grass cell walls. Recently, we reported structural variation in grass xylans, suggesting functional specialisation and distinct interactions with cellulose and lignin. Here, we investigated the functions of these xylans by perturbing the biosynthesis of specific xylan types.
We generated CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants in Brachypodium distachyon XAX1 and GUX2 genes involved in xylan substitution. Using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis, we identified biochemical changes in different xylan types. Saccharification, cryo‐SEM, subcritical water extraction and ssNMR were used to study wall architecture.
BdXAX1A and BdGUX2 enzymes modify different types of grass xylan. Brachypodium mutant walls are likely more porous, suggesting the xylan substitutions directed by both BdXAX1A and GUX2 enzymes influence xylan‐xylan and/or xylan–lignin interactions.
Since xylan substitutions influence wall architecture and digestibility, our findings open new avenues to improve cereals for food and to use grass biomass for feed and the production of bioenergy and biomaterials.
Deficiencies in cluster‐2 ALA lipid flippases result in salicylic acid‐dependent growth reductions
Authors: Davis James A. , Poulsen Lisbeth R. , Kjeldgaard Bodil , Moog Max W. , Brown Elizabeth , Palmgren Michael , López‐Marqués Rosa L. , Harper Jeffrey F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractP4 ATPases (i.e., lipid flippases) are eukaryotic enzymes that transport lipids across membrane bilayers. In plants, P4 ATPases are named Aminophospholipid ATPases (ALAs) and are organized into five phylogenetic clusters. Here we generated an Arabidopsis mutant lacking all five cluster‐2 ALAs (ala8/9/10/11/12), which is the most highly expressed ALA subgroup in vegetative tissues. Plants harboring the quintuple knockout (KO) show rosettes that are 2.2‐fold smaller and display chlorotic lesions. A similar but less severe phenotype was observed in an ala10/11 double KO. The growth and lesion phenotypes of ala8/9/10/11/12 mutants were reversed by expressing a NahG transgene, which encodes an enzyme that degrades salicylic acid (SA). A role for SA in promoting the lesion phenotype was further supported by quantitative PCR assays showing increased mRNA abundance for an SA‐biosynthesis gene ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 (ICS1) and two SA‐responsive genes PATHOGENESIS‐RELATED GENE 1 (PR1) and PR2. Lesion phenotypes were also reversed by growing plants in liquid media containing either low calcium (~0.1 mM) or high nitrogen concentrations (~24 mM), which are conditions known to suppress SA‐dependent autoimmunity. Yeast‐based fluorescent lipid uptake assays revealed that ALA10 and ALA11 display overlapping substrate specificities, including the transport of LysoPC signaling lipids. Together, these results establish that the biochemical functions of ALA8–12 are at least partially overlapping, and that deficiencies in cluster‐2 ALAs result in an SA‐dependent autoimmunity phenotype that has not been observed for flippase mutants with deficiencies in other ALA clusters.
Influence of a private–public risk pool and an opt‐out framing on earthquake protection demand for Canadian homeowners in Quebec and British Columbia
Authors: Kunreuther Howard , Conell‐Price Lynn , Li Bohan , Kovacs Paul , Goda Katsuichiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article describes the design and analysis of web‐based choice experiments that examine how the demand for earthquake protection in Quebec and British Columbia (BC), Canada, is influenced by the default option and the structure of the insurance plan. Homeowners in both provinces were given the opportunity to purchase protection against earthquake losses when presented with one of the following options: the current private insurance plan and proposed public–private Risk Pools with different levels of the public layer. The default frame was changed so the homeowner could either opt‐in by purchasing this coverage or opt‐out of being given this protection and receiving a premium discount. Assigning participants to the public–private Risk Pools rather than the current private insurance plan increases the likelihood of purchasing earthquake insurance protection by an odds ratio of 2.7 or greater in BC and Quebec. Furthermore, opt‐out enrollment design substantially increases take‐up of earthquake protection relative to opt‐in enrollment. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.
The role of experience in Hegel's conception of the relation to nature
Authors: Bubbio Paolo Diego 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article explores Hegel's conception of experience, positing it as the entry point for grasping the implications of the philosophy of nature. The article briefly examines Hegel's view of nature, focusing on its transformative journey from externality to integration with the conscious I. Subsequently, the purpose of Hegel's philosophy of nature is discussed, and recent interpretations are compared. The article unfolds the notion of experience as a bridge between the subjective dimension explored in the Phenomenology of Spirit and the understanding of reality presented in the Encyclopedia. Experience, considered in its threefold meaning of unveiling, actively interpreting, and generating rationality within nature, dynamically shapes both the self‐conscious subject and the natural world across logic, nature, and spirit. Finally, the article highlights experience as mediating both the epistemological and the metaphysical relationship between nature and spirit. The article concludes by arguing that the transformative power of experience plays a central role in overcoming the separation between spirit and nature, fostering a mediated unity between the human subject and the natural world.
Examining the relationship between suicide ideation frequency and intergenerational acculturative conflict between Mexican descent college students and their caregivers using the interpersonal theory of suicide
Authors: Meza Jocelyn I. , Piña‐Watson Brandy , Lopez Daisy , Bonilla Gisel Suarez , Sanchez Maria R. , Manzo Gabriela , Garcia Aundrea 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionSuicide is the third leading cause of death among US young adults, with significant racial/ethnic disparities related to the risk for suicide among Latine young adults. Despite the elevated risk for suicide, culturally relevant risk factors are not well‐known. Intergenerational acculturative conflict (IAC) among Latine youth is a sociocultural factor associated with suicide ideation.MethodAlthough widely cited, the interpersonal theory of suicide (IPTS) lacks consistent support among Latine groups. The following cross‐sectional study examined relationships between IAC categories (cultural preference, autonomy, and dating/staying out late), IPTS risk factors (i.e., thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness), and suicide ideation frequency among 376 Mexican descent college students sampled using participant pools and snowball sampling (73.7% female: Mage = 19.88).ResultsMediation analyses supported the hypotheses that IPTS risk factors partially explained the links between IAC categories and suicide ideation frequency.ConclusionsThese findings advance our understanding of how sociocultural constructs, such as IAC, influence the IPTS and future advancements in culturally responsive treatments for suicide.
Fearlessness about death and suicidal ideation: Religious identity matters
Authors: Hart Frances G. , Stewart Jeremy G. , Hudson Chloe C. , Fan Kailyn , Björgvinsson Thröstur , Beard Courtney 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionReligion is a salient aspect of patient background in treatment (The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice; Guilford Press). However, research investigating the role of religion in suicide is lacking and inconsistent (Journal of Religion and Health, 57, 2478–2499). The current study (1) clarifies the association between religious identity and fearlessness about death in a psychiatric sample and (2) tests whether religious identity moderates the association between fearlessness about death and suicidal ideation.MethodsParticipants were 155 patients seeking treatment in a partial hospital program. Religious identity was assessed using the Identities in Treatment Scale (The Behavior Therapist). Fearlessness about death was assessed with two relevant items from the acquired capability with rehearsal for suicide scale (Psychological Assessment, 28, 1452–1464), as in prior studies (Suicide & Le‐Threatening Behavior, 50, 1230–1240; Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 12, 100492).ResultsFearlessness about death interacted with religious identity to predict suicidal ideation, b = 0.47, 95% C.I. [0.02, 0.91], p = 0.042. Conditional effects showed that greater fearlessness about death was associated with greater suicidal ideation among non‐religious patients, b = −0.56, 95% C.I. [−0.88, −0.24], p = 0.001, but not in religious patients, b = −0.09, 95% C.I. [−0.41, 0.22], p = 0.559.ConclusionsOur results suggest that fearlessness about death is a risk factor for suicidal ideation, but only among those who do not identify as religious. Results from this study inform theories of suicide and elucidate the influence of religious identity on links among suicide risk factors and suicide‐related outcomes.
Crime and violence on the margins of society: How justice‐based power vacuums create deprived neighbourhoods
Authors: Cayli Messina Baris 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHow have crime, conflict, and violence shaped the social structure of neighbourhoods across diverse spatial and temporal landscapes in marginalised urban communities? To address to this central question, this study examines the socio‐political dynamics of New York City and Palermo, as well as the role of authoritarian actors, by juxtaposing different historical periods and contrasting the influences of political institutions with extra‐legal entities such as gangs and mafias. Utilising visual images, archival documents, and geographical mapping, the study introduces the concept of ‘justice‐based power vacuums’. This novel theoretical concept elucidates the mechanisms through which coercive power fosters social environments susceptible to extra‐legal domination, effectively entrapping vulnerable groups, be they ethnic or racial minorities or economically disadvantaged groups. I argue that while crime, conflict, and violence, especially under the auspices of gangs and mafias, often become the focal point, it is the obscured role of political authorities that stands as the genesis of such complex social problems. The present comparative historical social research indicates that recognising and addressing these obscured political influences is essential for a holistic understanding and subsequent mitigation of the structural challenges in urban social life that create deprived neighbourhoods across time and space similarly and perpetuate marginalisation in these communities.
Making meat moral: A comparison of rearing and killing practices in Swedish cattle farming
Authors: Wernersson Hanna Charlotta , Boonstra Wiebren Johannes 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo eat or not eat meat? That has become a central sustainability question. This article zooms in on the moral sustainability of cattle farming and does so from an on‐farm perspective: through an ethnographic study of two Swedish cattle farms, we explore how rearing animals for food is made moral. The farms represent two distinct styles of farming, and discursive and non‐discursive methods are used to analyse differences in narratives and practices. We combine insights from the farming styles literature with affective and multispecies approaches to theorise farming moralities as situated, embedded and relational beliefs that pertain to practices of work. Our study demonstrates how scale and endogeneity are key factors shaping farming morality by generating different on‐farm notions of animal agency and interspecies relationships. We discuss the implications of this conclusion for a potential shift in meat practices.
Measuring metro station area's TODness: An exploratory study of Shenyang based on multi‐source urban data
Authors: Yi Zheng , Zhang Zhehao , Wang Haiming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTransit‐oriented development (TOD) promotes sustainable urban growth by integrating land use and transportation systems around public transportation nodes. Many high‐density Chinese cities have effectively applied TOD. However, studies on TODness in cities with relatively less‐developed metro networks are still nascent. This study developed a new geographic information system‐based method to assess TODness utilizing data from official departments and open sources. We employed 15 sub‐indicators of “Transit (T),” “Oriented (O),” and “Development (D)” dimensions to assess the TODness of Shenyang metro station areas (MSAs). We tested the validity of this tool by examining the relationship between TODness and urban vitality using an ordinary least squares model. Each MSA was comprehensively quantified and organized by categorizing their TODness into five types. The results indicate that the TODness index was closely associated with urban vitality, thereby validating the reasonableness of the proposed tool. Furthermore, the TODness of Shenyang's MSAs presents a spatial distribution of “high, medium, and low” from the urban center to the periphery. The proposed method is expected to enhance the effectiveness of TOD planning by providing a comprehensive and data‐driven approach.
Steel, security and the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism: A trade catastrophe in the making
Authors: Reinert Kenneth A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe World Trade Organization's (WTO's) Dispute Settlement Mechanism has been rendered ineffective by the refusal of the United States to allow appointments to its Appellate Body. The implicit reason for this poor state of affairs is the desire of the United States to protect its steel sector under the WTO's national security exception. The arguments made by the United States in this regard are mostly spurious and reflect its status as a current bad faith actor within the WTO. The posture of the United States is undermining both the effectiveness and legitimacy of this important trade institution. This article examines both the events leading up to this situation, the commercial interests behind them, and their legitimacy under WTO law.
Psychosocial Outcomes Associated With Types and Intensities of Physical Activity in People With Spinal Cord Injury: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Functionality
Authors: Castan Alex , Bonilla Iván , Chamarro Andrés , Saurí Joan 
Published: February 2024

Background: Low rates of participation and quality of life (QoL) and high rates of psychological distress are common in spinal cord injury (SCI) population. Research has supported the mediating role of self-efficacy and functionality in improving psychosocial outcomes. Furthermore, evidence supports the impact of physical activity (PA) on psychosocial variables, but little is known about the types and intensities of PA. The objective of this study was to determine whether functionality and/or general self-efficacy (GSE) mediate the relationships between the various types of PA: (1) lifestyle and (2) leisure-time physical activity (LTPA); and various intensities of PA: (1) mild, (2) moderate, and (3) heavy PA with participation, psychological distress, and perception of QoL. Methods: The Physical Activity Recall Assessment for SCI, and measures of functionality, GSE, participation, psychological distress, and perception of QoL were administered to 159 participants. Path analysis was performed using Jeffrey’s Amazing Statistics Program. Results: GSE significantly mediated, and functionality partially significantly mediated, the relationship between LTPA and psychosocial outcomes. GSE and functionality did not mediate the relationship between lifestyle activity and psychosocial outcomes. Conclusions: It is recommended that people with SCI perform LTPA on a regular basis to achieve psychosocial benefits. These programs should be accompanied by strategies to improve GSE.