bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuned in, turned off?
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Just two months before entry into orbit around Jupiter, NASA's Galileo spacecraft has grown temperamental again. Already troubled by a high‐gain antenna that would not open and a primary computer that periodically reset itself, the Galileo flight team now must solve a potential problem with the spacecraft's data tape recorder.Engineering data returned on October 11 suggest that the recorder did not stop after being commanded to rewind. The spacecraft had shot three photographs of Jupiter and its major moons from 35 million km and stored the images. While preparing the tape's contents for radio transmission back to Earth, the recorder began rewinding and would not stop, making playback impossible.
Global warming picture remains clouded
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

At a time when the scientists studying global warming remain uncertain about the scope and scale of future temperature and sea level changes, many policymakers who fund the research seem to be quite sure of themselves. A recent science research authorization that passed the U.S. House of Representatives would ban the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration from conducting long‐term studies of climate change and would restrict the Department of Energy budget for such studies.“Suppose we are driving down the road at night in a car and our headlights don't work,” says Kurt Cuffey, a paleoclimatologist from the University of Washington. “Most people would try to slow down and probably even stop. Climate and paleoclimate researchers are working on the headlights so they can see where they're going. But the current U.S. Congress is choosing to drive full speed ahead, to discourage [researchers] or even prevent them from working.”
Drive to dismantle commerce department rolls on
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

Late on November 7, Republican leaders of the House of Representatives tacked a measure to abolish the U.S. Department of Commerce onto a continuing resolution that keeps the federal government running and solvent while the fiscal 1996 budget debate continues. With the existing temporary funding measure expiring on November 13, congressional leaders were working to extend the budget again and to raise the national debt ceiling.The fate of the effort to terminate Commerce—which would eliminate the position of the Secretary of Commerce and shut down or transfer the department's programs to other departments—remained unclear at press time because Senate Republicans had not yet voiced support for the measure. The Clinton Administration has stated that the president would veto any attempt to shut down the Commerce Department; however, the link between the current dismantling measure and the continuing resolution to avert a government shutdown and financial default has further complicated the Administration's position.
Winds of change stir up near‐record hurricane season
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

Perhaps in four or five years, if scientists can gather enough evidence to theorize that the great Atlantic Ocean Conveyor Belt is moving quickly again, they might consider 1995 a turning point in the recent history of hurricane trends. But until then, researchers will have to keep this year in the record book of hurricane anomalies.The conveyor‐like megacurrent that cycles water from the Indian and Pacific Oceans into the Atlantic and back—particularly warm water from the tropical Atlantic to the edge of the Arctic—seems poised to pick up its pace, according to hurricane researcher William Gray of Colorado State University. A quicker thermohaline conveyor belt, Gray believes, may be the driver behind the cyclical, decades‐long trends in sea surface temperatures that, by corollary, affect multi‐decadal storm patterns. “The conveyor belt has apparently been slowed down for 25 years,” Gray notes, a change that has coincided with more El Niño events, less rainfall in Africa, and stronger zonal winds. All three of those factors seem to be what Gray calls “proxy manifestations” of conveyor belt variability.
NAS calls for comprehensive science budget
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

If the federal government is going to set the nation's science priorities by spending taxpayer dollars on research and technology, it ought to do so in a comprehensive and coherent manner. That was the message delivered on November 29 by a committee of 18 scientists from academia, the government, and industry, convened by the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine. In a 97‐page report entitled “Allocating Federal Funds for Science and Technology,” the committee recommended that the President and Congress should consider the science programs and agencies paid for by the federal as a collective, prioritized whole, rather than current piecemeal line items. In short, the group told the government to look at the big picture.“By any measure, the federal government's investments in science and technology since World War II have been a spectacular success, producing enormous benefits for the nation,” Frank Press, retired president of the National Academy of Sciences and chairman of the NAS committee, wrote in the introduction to the report. “However, the question now facing the country is how best to continue this success when factors such as the severe budget deficit, the end of the Cold War, and the growth of global competition are bringing unprecedented changes to society and to science and technology.”
Ocean science leaders seek congressional support
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

“Isn't it interesting that Congress will fund studies aimed at living in space or on the surfaces of the Moon and Mars but does not fund studies to see what technologies will be needed for us to live in the sea around us?…Ironically, we have better topographic maps of Venus than of Earth; we know more about the physiography of small volcanoes on the far side of the Moon than of similar features in our own exclusive economic zone off our shores.”So spoke Robert Ballard, director of the Center of Marine Exploration at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, as he led off a day of testimony to three subcommittees of the U.S. Congress. At a late‐January hearing on the subject of “Leveraging National Oceanographic Capabilities,” leaders of the science community explained to U.S. Representatives that the federal government possesses tremendous ocean science resources and capabilities, but that without proper leadership and awareness from Congress, these assets could be squandered.
Fuselier receives Macelwane Medal
Authors: Shelley Edward G. , Fuselier Stephen A. 
Published: October 2006

The 1995 James B. Macelwane Medal, given by AGU for significant contributions to the geophysical sciences by a young scientist of outstanding ability, was presented to Stephen A. Fuselier at the AGU Fall Meeting Honor Ceremony on December 13, 1995, in San Francisco. The award citation and Fuselier's response are given here.On behalf of Don Gurnett and the other distinguished members of AGU who supported this nomination, it is a privilege and a pleasure to introduce one of this year's James B. Macelwane Medal recipients, Stephen A. Fuselier of the Lockheed Martin Palo Alto Research Laboratory. Fuselier has established himself as an exceptional young scientist through the broad range of significant contributions that he has already made to space plasma physics.
Lunine receives Macelwane Medal
Authors: Stevenson David J. , Lunine Jonathan I. 
Published: October 2006

The 1995 James B. Macelwane Medal, given by AGU for significant contributions to the geophysical sciences by a young scientist of outstanding ability, was presented to Jonathan Lunine at the AGU Fall Meeting Honor Ceremony on December 13, 1995, in San Francisco. The award citation and Lunine's response are given here.Jonathan Lunine is a remarkably talented and accomplished scientist, best known in the planetary community for his work on the nature of icy bodies. It is rather startling to think that he could still win a young scientist award, because his published contributions now span almost 15 years, and his impact and role is very much one of an authority figure. As if the planetary work were not sufficient accomplishment, Jon has also contributed to our understanding of brown dwarfs, objects whose existence has been long in dispute, but for which the evidence is now (at long last) very strong.
1996 Budget picture still clouded
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

Four months and three work stoppages into fiscal 1996, whole departments and agencies of the United States federal government remain in budgetary limbo. Five annual spending bills still await approval, and parts of nine federal departments and several agencies face the possibility of yet another shutdown, as the current continuing resolution for temporary funding expires on March 15.In the wake of the recent three‐week shutdown of the federal government, congressional leaders worked in January to ease future political pain by funding a list of “essential services” for the remainder of the fiscal year. Deemed essential were government programs with the most immediate and conspicuous public impact, such as the National Parks Service and the Passport Services Office. Included on that list of essential services was the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which not only received full funding for the entire fiscal year but also got a 5.7% increase over its 1995 budget.
NASA works to find gains from lost satellite
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

NASA astronauts and scientists proved two concepts with the recent reflight of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS‐1R). Unfortunately, they were only trying to prove one.“We have demonstrated that you can generate a lot of electricity with a tether,” said mission specialist Jeff Hoffman in a February 26 news briefing from the space shuttle Columbia. “Unfortunately, we've also demonstrated that you can use tethers to launch a satellite into a much higher orbit.”
Outstanding student papers
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Eight presentations were named Outstanding Student Papers in the Atmospheric Sciences Section at the 1995 Fall Meeting.Steve Davis, who presented “Reversal Effects in Wideband dE/dt from Lightning Measured at Multiple Ground Stations,” is currently attending the University of Florida pursuing a Ph.D. in electrical engineering. He graduated with high honors in 1990 with his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Florida. He received his master's degree in 1992 from the University of Florida. The research for his master's degree was in the area of photonics with applications to laser and waveguide structures. His current research with Ewen Thomson involves measuring radiation from lightning at multiple ground stations. From these measurements, he hopes to determine lightning parameters such as velocities and currents and apply these to new and existing models.
Lab‐ and space‐based researchers discuss plasma experiments
Authors: Baker D. N. , Yamada M. 
Published: October 2006

Plasma physics provides a common language and set of approaches that tie together all scientists who study the acceleration, transport, and loss processes of the plasma state. Some years ago, researchers from the laboratory and space research communities suggested a workshop to bring together the diverse researchers in the respective fields. A series of workshops on the “Interrelationship between Plasma Experiments in the Laboratory and Space” (IPELS) was established, and the third meeting was held July 24–28, 1995, in the beautiful and historic town of Pitlochry in the Scottish Highlands.The conference reestablished the critical point that plasma physics is an important but surprisingly diversified research discipline. Meetings attendees discussed a number of new approaches to plasma research, including novel diagnostic techniques for use in space, such as active antennas and electric field sounding devices. Detailed discussions covered spacecraft‐plasma environment interactions, including vehicle charging and neutral gas release; fundamental aspects of industrial application of dusty plasmas and waves in dusty plasmas; a very distinctive phase transition of coulomb crystals (from solid state to liquid state) in dusty plasmas; and terrella experiments to simulate and study chaotic transport in the ionosphere.
Outstanding student papers
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Seven presentatons were named Outstanding Student Papers in the Tectonophysics Section at the 1995 Fall Meeting.Richard Allen presented “Analysis of Offshore‐Onshore Wide‐Angle Seismic Recordings From Western Alaska, Bering‐Chukchi Sea.” He graduated in 1994 from the University of Cambridge, UK, with a B.A. in natural sciences. He received his M.Sc. in geophysics from the University of Durham, UK, in 1995 having completed his thesis while working for the U.S. Geological Survey at Menlo Park, California. His research there focused on the seismic structure of the Bering Strait‐Chukchi Sea. Allen is now studying for his Ph.D. at Princeton University, where his interests focus on the structure of the Icelandic plume. He is imaging its velocity structure using seismic tomography and partitioned waveform inversion techniques (under the supervision of Guust Nolet and W. Jason Morgan). His research interests also include the using seismic parameters, in combination with others, to constrain the petrology.
Pet teachers
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

Teaching has many rewards, but the federal government thinks there should be at least a few more.The National Science Foundation and the Office of Science and Technology Policy have announced the creation of a Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring. The awards, which will be bestowed upon as many as 10 individuals and 10 institutions each year, will recognize outstanding mentoring efforts or programs that enhance participation in science by underrepresented groups—particularly ethnic minorities, women, and persons with disabilities. Awardees must demonstrate an outstanding and sustained effort to guide students from any setting—K‐12, undergraduate school, or graduate school—toward science careers and science literacy.
SOHO maximizes views of a minimal sun
Authors: Carlowicz Mike 
Published: October 2006

The Sun may be less boisterous now than it was in 1989 or than it will be in 2000, but it is anything but quiet. In fact, the first images returned this spring from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) reveal a Sun that is quite active even though it has waned to its solar minimum.“Movies made from SOHO ultraviolet data show that there is continuous motion and action everywhere on the Sun,” said Joseph Gurman, an astrophysicist from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and coinvestigator for SOHO's extreme ultraviolet imaging telescope (EIT). “Even at the quietest places on the Sun, including the so‐called coronal holes, there is a tremendous amount of activity… a general twinkling everywhere we look.”
New WWW site provides public with tsunami data
Authors: Cook Benjamin , Petroff Catherine 
Published: October 2006

Tsunami!, a developing on‐line source of tsunami data and educational material, is now accessible on the Internet at the following URL: http://www.geophys.washington. edu/tsunami/welcome.html. Tsunami's target audience includes secondary and university students, tsunami and interdisciplinary researchers, hazard management professionals, and residents of coastal communities.Because of the diverse information needs of these users, Tsunami! covers many areas. Multimedia‐supported sections provide explanations of the physics of tsunami propagation and inundation, case studies of significant historical tsunamis, an overview of the Tsunami Warning System (TWS), and hazard mitigation and prevention information. Recent tsunami event documentation and an index of tsunami‐related WWW resources are also available through the site.
Awash in ignorance
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

Most Americans enjoy vacationing and playing near lakes, rivers, and oceans, and nearly all of them grow frustrated when those waters are fouled. But most people have no idea how they contribute to the spoiling of these natural havens.In an independent research study conducted in 1995 for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), only 5% of Americans surveyed identified runoff from their own driveways, yards, and gardens as a major source of water pollution. More than 25% of respondents blamed untreated sewage for water pollution, while another 20% blamed industry.
Exercising options
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

In a recent speech to graduates of the College of Computer, Mathematical, and Physical Sciences at the University of Maryland, Anne Petersen, deputy director of the National Science Foundation, encouraged a new generation of scientists to embrace opportunity and choice, and to use their scientific training as an employment credential, not a limit. In her May 23 commencement address, Petersen exhorted students to view their freshly minted diplomas as tickets to a broad and diverse job market, not just one‐way trips to the laboratory.“Looking for the options and alternatives open to us—and creating options for ourselves where they are not apparent—can give us a sense of direction and volition that enriches our lives immensely…
Deep‐sea cores from the Caribbean reveal history of volcanism, tectonics, and oceanic change
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Many exciting discoveries about the geologic history of the Caribbean were revealed in deep‐sea cores collected at five sites (Figure 1), one of which was in the igneous basement of the Caribbean Oceanic Plateau (site 1001). The age, physical characteristics, and geochemistry of the basalts recovered are helping to piece together the tectonic history of the Caribbean Plate as a Large Igneous Province.The spectacular record of Eocene and Miocene explosive volcanism recovered at four of the sites is unmatched in its magnitude and chronostratigraphic resolution. Drilling at the anoxic Cariaco Basin on the margin of Venezuela yielded a triple‐cored record (site 1002) of late Quaternary tropical climate variability that can be studied on timescales of tens to thousands of years, comparable to ice cores and the mid‐latitude sediments of the
Comment on Book Review [“Scale issues in hydrological modeling”]
Authors: Blöschl Günter , Grayson Rodger 
Published: October 2006

We are writing to clarify a statement made in the review of Scale Issues in Hydrological Modeling, which was published in the May 14, 1996, issue of Eos (p. 190). We thank Eli Skop for bringing this book of collected papers to the attention of Eos readers. However, the paper by Blöschl et al. was misinterpreted.It is stated in the review that we “…argue in support of the REA concept.” This is not the case. We present some prerequisites for the existence of an REA, but go on to show that these are not universally present. Quoting from the paper (page 88): “There is no evidence for one universal size of an REA or one universal ‘optimum’ element size in the context of distributed rainfall runoff modeling.”
Herring selected as AGU Congressional Science Fellow
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

John “Jack” Herring of the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, has been selected by the Committee on Public Affairs (COPA) as the 1996–1997 AGU Congressional Science Fellow. Herring was selected at the AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore after he and four others completed interviews with COPA. The original field of 19 applicants was the largest in recent history.Herring received his B.A. in chemistry from the University of Alaska Fairbanks, in 1989, and his Ph.D. in atmospheric sciences from the University of Washington in 1994. For the past year, Herring has held a postdoctoral research position at the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska. He is the primary author of three peer‐reviewed papers and coauthor of seven other papers, several of which have been published in the Journal of Geophysical Research.
Teachers, administrators look to a higher standard
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

With so much 20th century progress having been fueled by scientific achievements, some American leaders are genuinely concerned about running out of intellectual gas. Science has long driven the engines of industry, yet many American workers do not seem to understand the very processes of scientific inquiry and invention that put them to work in the first place.In a survey of conducted by the Bayer Corporation and reported in April, more than 60% of corporate human resource directors and 40% of elementary school principals said that most young Americans lack adequate science preparation for entry‐level jobs in industry. Close to 84% of the resource directors surveyed said that they expect science literacy to be a requirement for entry level jobs in the next century, yet 75% said that they may not have a proper workforce to meet those qualifications.
Space physics mission gives hands‐on experience to students
Authors: Chakrabarti Supriya 
Published: October 2006

In February 1995, two small satellite missions designed by college students were selected for flight. The missions selected were two of 66 proposed for a program called STudent Explorer Demonstration Initiative (STEDI), which was developed in response to a challenge from NASA to demonstrate that first‐rate science and technology missions could be conducted in academic environments according to budget and schedule and with a smaller fiscal base than that of other missions.The teams selected to fly their missions are based at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics of the University of Colorado at Boulder and the Center for Space Physics at Boston University (BU). Their missions will be conducted under a strict budget of $4.31 million over 3 years with a nominal 1‐year period of science operations. The Boston University project, which this article will focus on, is called the Tomographic Experiment using Radiative Recombinative EUV and Radio Sources (TERRIERS). (Readers are encouraged to browse the WWW server http://net.bu.edu/terriers.html).
Japan, U.S. Plan Joint Earthquake Research
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

The Northridge earthquake of 1994 and the Kobe quake of 1995 appear to have shaken up more than the local populations. The earthquakes and the urban destruction that ensued have moved entire governments to pursue better management of earthquake hazards.Noting the similarities between the two earthquakes and the management strategies of both countries, Japan and the United States are now cooperating in an ambitious program to reduce the hazards associated with such natural phenomena. Currently, the program exists primarily on paper; however, the Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Partnership marks a commitment between the two nations to study a common problem and to be equal partners in scientific research.
Reporting on the press
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2006

A 30‐year AGU member is teaming up with an Emmy‐award‐winning television journalist to research how the news media cover science.Charles Richard “Rick” Chappell, associate director for science at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, and Jim Hartz, producer and host of the Public Broadcasting Service's science series “Innovation,” have received fellowships from The Freedom Forum to complete a joint science‐media project. The pair are charged with examining the media's reporting on space, science, and technology.