bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of pregnancies in women with pre‐existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes, in an ethnically mixed population
Authors: Verheijen Evelyn C.J. , Critchley Julia A. , Whitelaw Donald C. , Tuffnell Derek J. 
Published: October 2005

Objective  To compare the outcomes of pregnancies in women with pre‐existing, type 1 and type 2, diabetes and to examine the influence of ethnicity on these outcomes.Design  Prospective cohort study.Setting  Large district hospital in Yorkshire with an ethnically mixed population.Sample  Case series of all 202 pregnancies in women with pre‐existing diabetes, ending in miscarriage, termination of pregnancy or delivery between January 1994 and December 2002.Methods  Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis comparing outcomes in type of diabetes and in ethnic group.Main outcome measures  Fetal loss, perinatal and infant mortality and congenital anomaly.Results  All 14 stillbirths and infant deaths and 13 of the 15 congenital malformations were to Asian women. Analysis within this ethnic group showed a very high rate of adverse birth outcome for type 1 diabetic women and for type 2 diabetic women on insulin before the pregnancy. Total pregnancy loss among type 1 diabetic women was 156 per 1000 and among type 2 diabetic women on insulin was 167 per 1000. Congenital abnormality rates were 156 per 1000 for type 1 diabetic women and 261 per 1000 for type 2 diabetic women on insulin. Asian type 2 diabetic women not on insulin prior to pregnancy had significantly better outcomes: Total pregnancy loss was 123 per 1000 and congenital abnormality rate was 32 per 1000. After adjustment for confounders, including type of diabetes, Asian women had significantly worse outcomes (combined perinatal loss and malformation) than Caucasian women [odds ratio (OR) 4.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–21.1].Conclusion  Ethnicity has a significant impact on the outcome of diabetic pregnancies, with worse outcomes for babies born to Asian mothers compared with Caucasian mothers. The use of insulin pre‐pregnancy rather than type of diabetes appears to predict adverse outcome.
Regulatory machinery of UNC‐33 Ce‐CRMP localization in neurites during neuronal development in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Tsuboi Daisuke , Hikita Takao , Qadota Hiroshi , Amano Mutsuki , Kaibuchi Kozo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn Caenorhabditis elegans, unc‐33 encodes an orthologue of the vertebrate collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) family. We previously reported that CRMP‐2 accumulated in the distal part of the growing axon of vertebrate neurons and played critical roles in axon elongation. unc‐33 mutants show axonal outgrowth defects in several neurons. It has been reported that UNC‐33 accumulates in neurites, whereas a missense mutation causes the mislocalization of UNC‐33 from neurites to cell body, which suggests that the localization of UNC‐33 in neurites is important for axonal outgrowth. However, it is unclear how UNC‐33 accumulates in neurites and regulates neuronal development. In this study, to understand the regulatory mechanisms of localization of UNC‐33 in neurites, we screened for the mutants that were involved in the localization of UNC‐33, and identified three mutants: unc‐14 (RUN domain protein), unc‐51 (ULK kinase) and unc‐116 (kinesin heavy chain). UNC‐14 is known to associate with UNC‐51. UNC‐116 forms a complex with KLC‐2 as Kinesin‐1, a microtubule‐dependent motor complex. We found that UNC‐33 interacted with UNC‐14 and KLC‐2 in vivo. These results suggest that the UNC‐14/UNC‐51 complex and Kinesin‐1 are involved in the localization of UNC‐33 in neurites.
Molecular characterization and comparison of the components and multiprotein complexes in the postsynaptic proteome
Authors: Collins Mark O. , Husi Holger , Yu Lu , Brandon Julia M. , Anderson Chris N. G. , Blackstock Walter P. , Choudhary Jyoti S. , Grant Seth G. N. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCharacterization of the composition of the postsynaptic proteome (PSP) provides a framework for understanding the overall organization and function of the synapse in normal and pathological conditions. We have identified 698 proteins from the postsynaptic terminal of mouse CNS synapses using a series of purification strategies and analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and large‐scale immunoblotting. Some 620 proteins were found in purified postsynaptic densities (PSDs), nine in AMPA‐receptor immuno‐purifications, 100 in isolates using an antibody against the NMDA receptor subunit NR1, and 170 by peptide‐affinity purification of complexes with the C‐terminus of NR2B. Together, the NR1 and NR2B complexes contain 186 proteins, collectively referred to as membrane‐associated guanylate kinase‐associated signalling complexes. We extracted data from six other synapse proteome experiments and combined these with our data to provide a consensus on the composition of the PSP. In total, 1124 proteins are present in the PSP, of which 466 were validated by their detection in two or more studies, forming what we have designated the Consensus PSD. These synapse proteome data sets offer a basis for future research in synaptic biology and will provide useful information in brain disease and mental disorder studies.
Lack of hypo/hyperglycemic effects of Reboxetine in diabetic and non‐diabetic rats
Authors: Khanam R. , Pillai K.K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDepression occurs frequently with diabetes affecting the quality of life. All major classes of antidepressants have been shown to have a direct pharmacologic effect on metabolic function, which further worsens glycemic control. There were no reports of effects of reboxetine on glucose and insulin levels. We observed that 21 days administration of reboxetine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) in streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) induced diabetic and non‐diabetic rats produced no significant alteration in glucose levels in diabetic and non‐diabetic rats. Serum insulin levels were also not significantly changed by reboxetine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.). Selective inhibition of noradrenaline reuptake by reboxetine has been suggested to be responsible for lack of effects on glucose and insulin levels.
Filial Therapy for Children's Behavioral and Emotional Problems in Mainland China
Authors: Guo Yuqing 
Published: October 2005

TOPIC:  Filial therapy as a therapeutic intervention to promote parent–child interaction and improve child's behavior across culture. PURPOSE:  To review the state of the science of filial therapy and explore whether filial therapy would be an effective parenting program in China. SOURCES:  Four research articles related to the impact of filial therapy, used with Chinese immigrants, Koreans, and Native Americans, were located in a search of nursing, medical, psychological, and social science literature. CONCLUSIONS:  The findings indicated that filial therapy is a culturally sensitive and effective intervention. The overall limitations, some recommendations for future research, and the discussion of efficacy of filial therapy in China were provided.
The Relationship between Behavioral Inhibition and Time Perception in Children
Authors: Meaux Julie B. , Chelonis John J. 
Published: October 2005

PURPOSE:  To test one component of Barkley's (1997) model of executive functions by examining the relationship between behavioral inhibition and time perception in children. METHOD:  Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between measures of behavioral inhibition and time perception for the entire sample, and for boys (n = 34) and girls (n = 26) separately.FINDINGS:  For both parent and child measures, behavioral inhibition and time perception scores were correlated for the total group and for girls. Child measure of behavioral inhibition and time perception were not correlated for boys. CONCLUSIONS:  The findings of this study support Barkley's theory and indicate a relationship between poor behavioral inhibition and poor time perception in children.
Admission Variables as Predictors of Completion in an Adolescent Residential Drug Treatment Program
Authors: Vourakis Christine 
Published: October 2005

PROBLEM:  Understanding of the pretreatment characteristics of drug‐dependent adolescents to better match clients to treatment models that serve their needs for successful recovery. METHODS:  A random sample of (N = 91) clients records were selected for this outcomes pilot. Chi‐square analysis examined differences between groups and multivariate logistic regression analysis determined which variables best predicted completion status.FINDINGS:  Several admission variables were associated with noncompletion and included: fire setting, sex for drugs, or addicted parents. Variables associated with completion included: first time admission to treatment or referral to treatment by peer. CONCLUSIONS:  Findings suggest that adolescents admitted to treatment with preexisting major depression might have unique treatment needs. Peer education treatment referral systems may be viable ways to encourage adolescents with drug‐dependency problems to seek treatment.
INFLUENCE OF GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE ON RATE OF RICE STARCH RETROGRADATION DURING   LOW‐TEMPERATURE STORAGE
Authors: HSU CHUAN‐LIANG , HELDMAN DENNIS R. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT An increasing amount of research suggests a relationship between the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) and the optimum storage temperature for a frozen food. In addition, the Tg for a frozen food is related to the cooling rate through the temperature range of phase transition for water. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of Tgon the rate of starch retrogradation during low‐temperature storage. Rice starch with 65% w/w water content was heated to obtain starch gel as a model food. The influences of cooling rate, storage temperature and time on rate of retrogradation were evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure the Tgand the enthalpy during retrogradation. Results indicated that the retrogradation rate during storage was reduced at a slower cooling rate. The retrogradation rates at storage temperatures above Tgwere higher than at storage temperatures below Tg.
ASSESSING CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR THE SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION FROM COFFEE BEANS: PROCESS‐BASED CONTROL VERSUS PROPORTIONAL INTEGRAL DERIVATIVE
Authors: RIVEROL C. , COONEY J. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT This article addresses the formulation of a generic model control (GMC) in a supercritical fluid extraction unit (SFE). This alternative control is solved by formulating performance objectives subject to constraints on manipulated, controlled and associated variables. This study shows the performance of the control strategy depends on how the constraints are formulated. The batch extraction of caffeine is the problem proposed in this article. The presence of constraints in the optimization problem makes the overall system nonlinear even though the process dynamics are assumed linear. Hence, the “best” control strategy was determined using field data obtained directly from the pilot plant and compared with the decoupled proportional integral derivative control system actually installed in the plant.
Listeners’ expectations about echoes can raise or lower echo threshold
Authors: Clifton Rachel K. , Freyman Richard L. , Litovsky Ruth Y. , McCall Daniel 
Published: October 2005

Echo threshold increases with exposure to redundant trains of stimuli. Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that a change in the ongoing train would affect listeners’ perception of the echo, but only if it signified an unusual change in room acoustics. The stimulus train was composed of 4-ms narrow-band noise bursts, with the leading sound from a loudspeaker placed 45° left of midline and the lagging sound or simulated echo from 45° right, delivered in an anechoic chamber.
The lagging sound in the test noise, which followed the train after a 750-ms pause, came randomly from loudspeakers at 35° or 55° right, and the listener’s task was to choose which position the echo came from on each trial. In experiment 1 the delay between onsets of the leading and lagging bursts was varied between train and test bursts, which simulated a sudden movement of the reflecting surface either toward the listener (if the delay of the test burst was shorter than the train) or away (if the delay was longer). In both cases listeners detected the echo’s direction more easily, compared to trials when there was no change between train and test burst delays. In order to check whether any change between train and test bursts would increase echo discriminability, experiment 2 varied frequency and experiment 3 varied intensity. These variations were not expected to affect the echo’s detectability because such changes signify that the original sound changed in these characteristics and the echo reflected these changes. These events are highly probable in the listener’s everyday experience because sound sources (and their reflections) typically vary in frequency and intensity content from moment to moment. As predicted, echo detectability in experiments 2 and 3 was not affected by whether the test noise bursts’ frequency or intensity was the same as the train’s or was varied. The results from all three experiments were interpreted in terms of listeners’ expectations about echoes.
It is proposed that echoes provide information about room acoustics, which the listener picks up during the ongoing sound and uses to form expectations about what will be heard. When expectations are violated by changes in the echo, this disruption can be seen in a lowering of echo threshold, relative to the ‘‘built-up’’ threshold when expectations are fulfilled.
Comparing the fundamental frequencies of resolved and unresolved harmonics: Evidence for two pitch mechanisms?
Authors: Carlyon Robert P. , Shackleton Trevor M. 
Published: October 2005

Four experiments measured sensitivity (d′) to differences in fundamental frequency (F0) between two simultaneously presented groups of frequency-modulated harmonics. Each group was passed through a bandpass filter in either a LOW (125–625 Hz), MID (1375–1875 Hz), or HIGH (3900–5400 Hz) frequency region. In the first two experiments, a dynamic F0 difference (ΔF0) was created by introducing a 180° disparity between the frequency modulations imposed on the two groups. Experiment 1 measured sensitivity to such ΔF0’s between a MID group with a baseline F0 of 125 Hz and all components summed in sine phase, and a HIGH group, in four conditions. When the baseline F0 of the HIGH group was also 125 Hz, performance was good when its components were summed in sine phase and bad when they were in alternating phase. Conversely, when the HIGH F0 was 62.5 Hz, performance was better for alternating phase than for sine phase, consistent with alternating phase doubling the internal representation of HIGH group’s F0. Similar results were obtained for a comparison between the LOW and MID groups. Experiment 2 measured sensitivity to ΔF0’s between either the LOW and MID groups or between the MID and HIGH groups, for baseline F0s of 88 and 250 Hz. Sensitivity was best when the combination of frequency region and F0 was such that both groups were resolved or both unresolved by the peripheral auditory system, and worst when the groups differed in ‘‘resolvability.’’
Experiment 3 replicated experiment 2 using a different paradigm, in which the two groups were always modulated coherently, and in which the ΔF0 was constant throughout the signal. Experiments 2 and 3 also measured sensitivity to differences in F0 between successively presented tokens of the same group. Experiment 4 showed that the high sensitivity to (simultaneous) ΔF0’s when both groups were unresolved could be attributed to listeners detecting the pitch pulse asynchronies that inevitably arise from ΔF0’s. Finally, a method for predicting sensitivity to simultaneous, across-frequency ΔF0’s from that to successive within-channel differences, on the basis of optimum combination of information, was applied to the results of experiment 3. The method succeeded in predicting sensitivity to ΔF0’s between two groups of resolved harmonics, but over-estimated performance when one group was resolved and the other unresolved. The results suggest that the F0’s of resolved and unresolved harmonics are processed by separate mechanisms, in contrast to the predictions of ‘‘autocorrelation’’ models of F0 encoding.
Detection of Early Antiangiogenic Effects in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Xenografts:In vivoChanges of Tumor Blood Volume in Response to Experimental VEGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Kim Young Ro , Yudina Anna , Figueiredo JoseLuis , Reichardt Wilfried , Hu-Lowe Dana , Petrovsky Alexander , Kang Hye Won , Torres Denise , Mahmood Umar , Weissleder Ralph , Bogdanov Alexei A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAntiangiogenesis is emerging as efficient strategy for targeting and potentially eliminating neoplastic tumor vessels. The main goal of this study was to establish whether absolute tumor blood volume (Vb) change could be used as an early predictor of antiangiogenesis in ectopic and orthotopic colon carcinomas. To assess therapy-induced changes of Vb, we did comparative analysis of signal intensities in tumors and muscle using steady-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assisted with an intravascular paramagnetic contrast agent [gadolinium-labeled protected graft copolymer (PGC-Gd)]. Athymic mice with implanted human MV522 tumors were treated with vascular endothelial growth factor type 2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR2-TKI) that has been shown to inhibit VEGFR2 phosphorylation and tumor growth in vivo. Animals were imaged either after a single day or after a 1-week course of treatments. The measured Vb in ectopic tumors was 2.5 ± 1.5% of total tissue volume 1 week after the implantation (n = 8). Two doses of VEGFR2-TKI (25 mg/kg, p.o., b.i.d.) resulted in a decrease of Vb to 1.3 ± 0.3%. In orthotopic tumors, the measured Vb was initially higher (11.9 ± 2.0%); however, VEGFR2-TKI treatment also resulted in a statistically significant decrease of Vb. The absolute Vb was not affected in the muscle as a result of treatments. MRI measurements were corroborated by using isotope and correlative histology experiments. Our results show that steady-state MRI is highly sensitive to early antiangiogenic effects caused by small molecule drugs.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Promotes Peritumoral Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Metastasis
Authors: Björndahl Meit A. , Cao Renhai , Burton Jeremy B. , Brakenhielm Ebba , Religa Piotr , Galter Dagmar , Wu Lily , Cao Yihai 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Metastases are commonly found in the lymphatic system. The molecular mechanism of lymphatic metastasis is, however, poorly understood. Here we report that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A stimulated lymphangiogenesis in vivo and that overexpression of VEGF-A in murine T241 fibrosarcomas induced the growth of peritumoral lymphatic vessels, which occasionally penetrated into the tumor tissue. As a result of peritumoral lymphangiogenesis, metastases in lymph nodes of mice were detected. VEGF-A–overexpressing tumors contained high numbers of infiltrating inflammatory cells such as macrophages, which are known to express VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1. It seemed that in the mouse cornea, VEGF-A stimulated lymphangiogenesis through a VEGF-C/-D/VEGFR-3–independent pathway as a VEGFR-3 antagonist selectively inhibited VEGF-C–induced, but not VEGF-A–induced, lymphangiogenesis. Our data show that VEGF-A contributes to lymphatic mestastasis. Thus, blockage of VEGF-A–induced lymphangiogenesis may provide a novel approach for prevention and treatment of lymphatic metastasis.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 Expression from an Oncolytic Adenovirus Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity In vivo without Affecting Antitumor Efficacy in Malignant Glioma
Authors: Lamfers Martine L.M. , Gianni Davide , Tung Ching-Hsuan , Idema Sander , Schagen Frederik H.E. , Carette Jan E. , Quax Paul H.A. , Van Beusechem Victor W. , Vandertop W. Peter , Dirven Clemens M.F. , Chiocca E. Antonio , Gerritsen Winald R. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses exhibiting tumor-selective replication are promising anticancer agents. Insertion and expression of a transgene encoding tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), which has been reported to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor cell infiltration and induce apoptosis, may improve the antitumor activity of these agents. To assess the effects of TIMP-3 gene transfer to glioma cells, a replication-defective adenovirus encoding TIMP-3 (Ad.TIMP-3) was employed. Ad.TIMP-3 infection of a panel of glioma cell cultures decreased the proliferative capacity of these cells and induced morphologic changes characteristic for apoptosis. Next, a conditionally replicating adenovirus encoding TIMP-3 was constructed by inserting the TIMP-3 expression cassette into the E3 region of the adenoviral backbone containing a 24-bp deletion in E1A. This novel oncolytic adenovirus, AdΔ24TIMP-3, showed enhanced oncolytic activity on a panel of primary cell cultures and two glioma cell lines compared with the control oncolytic virus AdΔ24Luc. In vivo inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity by AdΔ24TIMP-3 was shown in s.c. glioma xenografts. The functional activity of TIMP-3 was imaged noninvasively using a near-IR fluorescent MMP-2–activated probe. Tumoral MMP-2 activity was significantly reduced by 58% in the AdΔ24TIMP-3–treated tumors 24 hours after infection. A study into the therapeutic effects of combined oncolytic and antiproteolytic therapy was done in both a s.c. and an intracranial model for malignant glioma. Treatment of s.c. (U-87MG) or intracranial (U-87δEGFR) tumors with AdΔ24TIMP-3 and AdΔ24Luc both significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival compared with PBS-treated controls. However, expression of TIMP-3 in the context of AdΔ24 did not significantly affect the antitumor efficacy of this oncolytic agent.
Cross Talk between Apoptosis and Invasion Signaling in Cancer Cells through Caspase-3 Activation
Authors: Mukai Mutsuko , Kusama Toshiyuki , Hamanaka Yukou , Koga Takumi , Endo Hiroko , Tatsuta Masaharu , Inoue Masahiro 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
In solid tumors, cancer cells are exposed to various microenvironmental stresses such as hypoxia, nutritional depletion, and low pH. Cancer cells adapt to these stresses and circumvent cell death. When the antiapoptotic signals overcome the stress, cancer cells might acquire physiologic functions, such as invasiveness, instead of cell death. Here, we report that tumor cells acquire an invasive capacity from apoptotic signals through caspase activation. We treated rat ascites hepatoma MM1 cells with an apoptosis-inducing drug, etoposide, or hypoxia, and assessed the invasion capacity with an in vitro bioassay. Although MM1 cells hardly showed invasiveness in serum-free medium, under stress conditions, invasive capacity accompanied with morphologic change was induced with caspase-3 activation. Such stress-induced invasion as well as morphologic change was suppressed by blocking caspase-3 activity with caspase inhibitors or by RNA interference of caspase-3. In contrast, lysophosphatidic acid–induced invasiveness was not affected by caspase-3 inhibition. These results suggest that caspase-3 activation contributes to the stress-induced invasive capacity of these cancer cells.