bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELEVANCE OF VASCULAR STRUCTURAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE SENSITIVITY CHANGES IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Bohr David F. , Berecek Kathleen H. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThis is a mini‐review of the vascular changes that occur in experimental hypertension. Augmented vascular resistance and reactivity appear to be due to an increase both in wall thickness and in vascular smooth muscle sensitivity. The increase in wall thickness is an adaptive change that is secondary to the increase in arterial pressure; the altered smooth muscle sensitivity occurs in the absence of an increase in arterial pressure and hence may initiate the increase in vascular resistance and reactivity of experimental hypertension. Studies of subcellular function indicate that changes in smooth muscle sensitivity may be caused by an increase in cell membrane permeability and an altered handling of calcium by its subcellular sequestering system.This review was supported by U.S. Public Health Service grant HL‐03756 from the National Heart and Lung Institute. K.H. Berecek is a predoctoral fellow supported by NIH grant PHS‐4620.
Once Daily Dosage Beta‐Blockade: Antihypertensive Efficacy of Slow Release Oxprenolol as Related to Renin and Age
Authors: Bühler F. R. , Lütold B. E. , Küng M. , Koller F. J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Once daily dosage beta‐blockade: Antihypertensive efficacy of slow release oxprenolol as related to renin and age.A single daily dose antihypertensive therapy with a new slow‐release (SR) form of the beta‐adrenoceptor blocking agent oxprenolol was as effective as a standard tid beta‐blocker regimen in maintaining therapeutic effects over 24 hours. The good overall response rate (target ≤ 95 mmHg diastolic) of 67% was achieved in eight of the 11 high renin patients and 16 out of the 20 normal renin ones; the five low renin patients, who were also older, proved to be non‐responsive. In terms of age, 83% of the patients aged under 40 years showed a reduction in diastolic pressure to ≤ 95 mmHg, this percentage being significantly better than the 50% response rate in the 40–56‐year‐olds.In nine of the 12 beta‐blocker non‐responders the diastolic blood pressure was reduced to ≤ 95 mmHg by adding a diuretic, and in four of the nine, all of them low renin patients, this effect persisted in response to diuretics alone. Oxprenolol SR suppresses renin acutely (59%) and chronically (62%), and it blunts the renin stimulatory effects of diuretics.
Labetalol (AH5158), a Competitive Alpha‐and Beta‐Receptor Blocking Drug, in the Management of Hypertension
Authors: Rosei E. Agabiti , Brown J. J. , Fraser R. , Lever A. F. , Morton J. J. , Robertson J. I. S. , Trust P. M. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Labetalol (AH5158), a competitive alpha‐and beta‐receptor blocking drug, in the management of hypertension. E. A. Rosei, J. J. Brown, R. Fraser, A. F. Lever, J. J. Morton, J. I. S. Robertson and P. M. Trust, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1976, 6, pp. 83–88.The effects of intravenous labetalol, a drug with both alpha‐and beta‐adrenergic receptor blocking actions, have been studied in 20 severely hypertensive patients. There was a prompt and sustained fall in arterial pressure; severe hypotension did not occur in recumbent patients but postural hypotension was common. Pulse rate was consistently reduced, but bradycardia was not a problem. Significant and correlated falls in plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone were seen. In a direct comparison with intravenous propranolol, labetalol was less effective in lowering plasma angiotensin II, but more effective in reducing blood pressure.Oral labetalol provided good control of blood pressure and other features in two patients with phaeochromocytoma.Intravenous labetalol was similarly effective in controlling a hypertensive crisis following clonidine withdrawal.
Assessment of the Value of Factor VIII Procoagulant and Antigen Ratio in the Diagnosis of Carriers of Haemophilia*
Authors: D'Souza S. , Ekert H. , Ananthakrishnan R. , Wluntz R. H. 
Published: March 2008

Summary:Assessment of the value of factor VIII Procoagulant and antigen ratio in the diagnosis of carriers of haemophilia. S. D'Souza. H. Ekert. R. Ananthakrishnan and R. H. MuntzThe detect/on rate of carriers of haemophilia was evaluated using the ratio of factor VIII Procoagulant activity (VIIIc) to factor VIII antigen (VIIIag). In normals the correlation coefficient of VIIIc to VIIIag was 0–82. In 15 obligatory carriers of haemophilia whose VIIIc and VIIIag levels were studied in the authors' laboratory there was no correlation between VIIIc and VIIIag and the ratio of VIIIc to VIIIag was below the lowest normal value in 12 (80%). In all five obligatory carriers whose VIIIc levels were estimated in the referring institution and VIIIag levels in the authors' laboratory the ratio was below the lowest normal value. In 17 sisters of hemophiliacs studied here or referred for estimation of VIIIag only, an abnormal ratio was found in seven. Of 25 mothers of hemophilic children without a family history of haemophilia 16 were found to have an abnormal ratio. This incidence of haemophilia carriers is close to that expected on theoretical grounds but the interpretation of the results is complicated by the small numbers of patients all of whose studies were performed entirely in the authors' laboratory. In two normal individuals, one of who was on a contraceptive pill, there were no fluctuations of the ratio of VIIIc to VIIIag during the menstrual cycle. In one obligatory carrier with a normal ratio there was also no fluctuation.It is concluded here that a measurement of the ratio of VIIIc to VIIIag is a valuable adjuvant in genetic counselling in haemophilia.
Hypertension Due to Renal Tuberculosis: Assessment by Renal Vein Renin Sampling
Authors: Stockigt J. R. , Challis D. R. , Mirams J. A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Hypertension due to renal Tuberculosis: Assessment by renal vein renin sampling. J. R. Stockigt, D. R. Challis and J. A. MiramsA 36‐year‐old man with asymptomatic hypertension was shown to have destruction of the right kidney due to renal tuberculosis. The peripheral renin level was normal, but renal vein renin sampling showed predominant renin secret/on from the right kidney both in basal samples and after acute stimulation of renin re/ease with intravenous diazoxide. Nephrectomy has resulted in marked reduction of blood pressure without treatment one year after operation. The findings support the predictive value of renal vein renin sampling when hypertension is associated with renal parenchymal disease, even when peripheral renin is normal.
Aspects of the Use of Lithium for the Non‐Psychiatrist
Authors: Williams W. O. , Györy A. Z. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Aspects of the use of lithium for the non‐psychiatrist. W. O. Williams and A. Z. GyöryLithium carbonate is commonly used in psychiatry, particularly in the management of the manic‐depressive syndrome. It is also being increasingly tried in a variety of physical disorders.This essentially practical article summarizes important non‐psychiatric aspects of the use of the drug, including its less common actions. Contra‐indications to the use of lithium are discussed, and the management of lithium intoxication is outlined.Aspects of the Use of Lithium for the Non‐Psychiatrist
Drug Interactions in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis*
Authors: Muirden K. D. , Barraclough D. R. E. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Only some of the areas of drug interactions of relevance to those treating rheumatic diseases have been mentioned and there are still enormous gaps in our knowledge. It is likely that some potential areas of danger have been over‐emphasised
19, being based on speculation rather than real data or purely animal experiments using non‐clinical doses of drugs. We are learning how certain drugs can stimulate or inhibit the metabolism of other drugs through effects on liver enzymes systems.2For example the metabolism of corticosteroids is induced by phenylbutazone (and also by phenobarbital and phenytoin). The patient with active rheumatoid arthritis with a low serum albumin would be unusually susceptible to changes induced by combinations of highly protein‐bound anti‐inflammatory drugs. Finally, although drug interactions are responsible for adverse effects it has been suggested that a more frequent cause of therapeutic failure is not drug interactions but the increase in the number of drug defaulters when more than one drug is prescribed.
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The Probable Significance of Hypertriglyceridaemia in Viral Hepatitis*
Authors: Aiyathurai J. E. J. , Sentheshanmuganathan S. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: The probable significance of hypertriglyceridaemia in viral hepatitis. J. E. J. Aiyathurai and S. Sentheshanmuganathan, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1976, 6, pp. 529–532.It is proposed that the raised serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity (SGPT) in viral hepatitis reflects an adaptive increase in glutamic pyruvic transaminase in muscle for the increased transamination of alanine for post‐absorptive glucose homeostasis.However, in a disease where the SGPT is elevated for four to six weeks, muscle cannot be an indefinite source of alanine unless it could, concurrently, resynthesize alanine.
Abnormal “Activated” Rosette Formation in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Walters B. A. J. , Rutherford J. C. , Wall J. R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Abnormal “activated” rosette formation in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. B. A. J. Walters, J. C. Rutherford and J. R. Wall, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1976, 6, pp. 536–539.The mean percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes forming fast spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells was estimated in 40 patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of cancer. Patients who were eventually diagnosed as having cancer had significantly lower numbers (P < 001 Mann Whitney Test) of rosette forming cells than patients who had gastrointestinal tumours successfully removed, or patients with other gastrointestinal diseases.The use of this test as an aid to the diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancy and its possible application to the detection of recurrences of cancer after surgery are discussed.
Detection of Vesicoureteric Reflux Using Radionuclide Micturating Cystography
Authors: Bailey R. R. , Stapleton Patricia , Turner J. G. , Brownlie B. E. W. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Detection of vesicoureteric reflux using radionuclide micturating cystography. R. R. Bailey, Patricia Stapleton, J. G. Turner and B. E. W. Brownlie, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1976, 6, pp. 542–544.Radionuclide micturating cystography (RMC) has been compared with the standard micturating cystourethrogram for detecting vesicoureteric reflux (VUR). Of 16 renal tracts with VUR radiologically classified as gross all had reflux demonstrated on RMC and in 15 of these the reflux reached the renal pelvis. Eight of the 12 renal tracts with moderate VUR and three of four with slight VUR were shown to reflux on RMC.RMC should prove valuable for following the course of patients with VUR treated surgically or conservatively because of the lower gonadal radiation dose resulting from this technique compared with the conventional radiological method.
Studies on Serum Amylase in Normal Man and in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: MacGregor I. L. , Zakim D. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Studies on serum amylase in normal man and in acute pancreatitis. I. L MacGregor and D. Zakim, Aust. N.Z. J. Med. 1976, 6, pp. 551–556.Amylase isoenzymes in serum, urine, saliva, jejunal juice, and pancreatic tissue were separated by isoelectric focusing. Isoamylase patterns obtained indicated that the majority of amylase activity in normal serum is of salivary gland origin. Pancreatic amylase is characteristically predominant in acute pancreatitis. The increased renal clearance of amylase in acute pancreatitis may be partly due to the increased proportion of the smaller molecular weight pancreatic amylase. However, a demonstrated increase in the renal clearance of salivary amylase in acute pancreatitis suggests a renal cause also. Autopsy pancreas samples devoid of TAME (p‐tosyl arginine methyl ester) esterase activity (e.g. trypsin and plasma enzymes such as thrombin and pi asm in) had isoenzyme patterns different to those samples with free proteolytic activity. Incubation of TAME esterase free pancreas with trypsin caused conversion of the former isoamylasepattern to one with the predominant isoenzymes focusing coincident with the predominant peak in serum from acute pancreatitis, jejunal aspirate, and TAME esterase positive autopsy pancreas. Such conversion suggests that pancreatic amylase is synthesized in a form different from that found in the intestinal lumen and serum.
Drug Induced Interstitial Nephritis, Hepatitis and Exfoliative Dermatitis
Authors: McMenamin Robyn A. , Davies L. M. , Craswell P. W. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Drug induced interstitial nephritis, hepatitis and exfoliative dermatitis. Robyn A. McMenamin, L M. Davies and P. W. Craswell, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1976, 6, pp. 583–587.Acute interstitial nephritis associated with hepatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, fever and eosinophilia is uncommon. The syndrome has been described previously in association with phenindione administration, leptospir‐osis and heavy metal poisoning. Four cases are described, two of which were due to phenindione sensitivity. The other two patients had been exposed to a number of toxins inclucling allopurinol, frusemide, chlorothiazide and methyldopa so that the exact aetiological agent is unclear. Interstitial nephritis should be considered as a cause of acute renal failure in patients with other features of drug hypersensitivity.
Systemic Herpes Simplex Infection with Fulminant Hepatitis Post‐Transplantation
Authors: Holdsworth S. R. , Atkins R. C. , Scott D. F. , Hayes K. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Systemic herpes simplex infection with fulminant hepatitis post‐transplantation. S. R. Holdsworth, R. C. Atkins, D. F. Scott and K. Hayes, Aust. N.Z. J. Med. 1976, 6, pp. 588–590.Immunosuppression for renal transplantation is associated with the risk of severe overwhelming infection with ubiquitous but normally relatively harmless micro‐organisms. In recent years a number of adult cases of fatal hepatitis due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection have been reported. Nearly always immune deficiency was a significant factor. A case of fatal HSV infection with hepatitis following transplantation is reported. The case failed to respond to infusion with the antiviral agent cytosine arabinoside. The presentation, diagnosis and treatment of HSV fulminant hepatitis is discussed.
Exercise Induced Tachycardia after Cessation of Practolol Therapy
Authors: Hunt O. , McRae C. , Ramshaw Jayne , Cole Penney , Sloman J. G. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Two studies were performed to assess the duration of action of practolol following therapeutic dosage and sudden cessation. The first study involved 19 patients who had completed a two‐year double‐blind study of the possible benefits of practolol following an acute myocardial infarction. Eleven of these patients had received 400 mg of practolol a day and eight had received placebo tablets. Exercise tests on a stationary bicycle were carried out before, and then two‐and‐a‐half, seven and ten days following discontinuation of medication. The patients were exercised up to a work level of 150 watts and the maximum heart rate noted. The resting heart rates were similar in both the practolol and placebo treated patients (P > 005), both while on and after discontinuation of the medication. There was, however, a significant difference in the maximal heart rate achieved on exercise between the practolol and placebo treated patients, while on medication (mean maximal heart rates 106 and 139/min, P < 0001 J, attwo‐and‐a‐half days (mean rates 124 and 1471 min, P < 005), but not at seven days (mean rates 135 and 146/min, P > 005) after cessation of medication.In the second study, 12 healthy volunteers took practolol (400 mg/day) and placebo, each for a two‐week period, in random order. Exercise tests were performed while the volunteers were receiving medication and every 12 hours for 84 hours after cessation of medication. The maximum heart rates again were significantly different to 48 hours (P < 0005), but were not significantly different at 60 hours (P > 005).It is, therefore, concluded that when practolol is given orally for a period of two weeks or more, its duration of action after abrupt cessation is approximately 60 hours, as assessed by the heart rate response to a constant exercise load.
Jaundice in Multiple Myeloma: The Role of Oxymetholone
Authors: Young G. P. , Bhathal P. S. , Wall A. J. , Sullivan J. R. , Hurleytt T. H. 
Published: March 2008

Summary Jaundice complicated the course of disease in 11 (41%) of 27 consecutive patients with multiple myeloma. In only one patient was myeloma cell infiltration of the liver the sole cause of jaundice. One patient was found to have carcinoma of the pancreas. In nine jaundice developed during therapy with the bone marrow stimulant oxymetholone. Liver histology in six of the nine showed cholestatic hepatitis or a predominantly cholestatic reaction; clinical events were consistent with oxymetholone‐induced cholestasis in the remaining three. In addition to oxymetholone all patients were receiving intermittent therapy with melphalan, prednisolone and procarbazine, but such therapy was not temporally related to the onset of jaundice. All jaundiced patients were HBsAg negative. Of the 19 patients treated with oxymetholone for refractory anaemia, nine (47%) developed jaundice. The reason for such a high complication rate is obscure. Three of these patients, who showed a severe cholestatic hepatitis, died in acute liver failure. These results indicate that high doses of oxymetholone should be used with great care in the therapy of refractory anaemia in multiple myeloma.
The Contribution of Immunopathology to the Diagnosis and Classification of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Relationship between Serum Anti‐DNA, Complement and Renal Biopsy Changes
Authors: Rigby R. J. , Dawkins R. L. , Kay P. H. , Matz L. R. , Papadimitriou J. M. , Quintner J. , Haywood E. F. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: The contribution of immunopathology to the diagnosis and classification of systemic lupus erythematosus: Relationship between serum anti‐DNA, complement and renal biopsy changes. R. J. Rigby, R. L. Dawkins, P. H. Kay, L R. Matz, J. M. Papadimitriou, J. Quintner and E. F. Haywood, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, pp. 29–38. Twenty‐three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied in an attempt to define diagnostic laboratory criteria and those features which discriminate between mild and severe renal involvement. Although there was generally a relationship between serum C3 and C4 concentrations, the latter was more commonly below the normal range. An elevated serum anti‐DNA was common and generally associated with a low C4. Renal involvement as indicated by positive glomerular immunofluorescence was almost invariable. Most cases showed mild mesangio‐pro/iferative change, patchy granular immunofluorescence and electron dense deposits predominantly within the mesangium. Those cases with more severe renal involvement were distinguished by a high anti‐DNA and a very low C3, as well as proteinuria and diffuse sub‐endothelial deposits as indicated by the combination of immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. These results suggest that glomerular immunofluorescence and the combination of serum anti‐DNA and C4 are helpful diagnostic criteria.
Contrasting IgE Levels in Acute HBsAg‐positive and Negative Hepatitis
Authors: Charlesworth J. A. , Lennane R. J. , Jones P. , Lawrence S. , Boughton C. R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary Serial measurements of serum IgE were performed in 54 patients with acute, uncomplicated hepatitis; 28 had detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Eight patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were also studied. Acute phase IgE reactivity was examined in two otherwise healthy subjects undergoing routine cholecystectomy. Significant elevation of IgE was found in the patients with hepatitis B and alcoholic cirrhosis. In the former group this abnormality persisted, although to a reduced extent, for at least four weeks after admission. There was no significant association between levels of IgE and SGPT or the persistence of detectable HBsAg. It is suggested that these data either reflect activity of a system mediating liver cell injury or result from an antigenic stimulus that is secondary to preexisting hepatic damage.
Sodium Valproate (Epilim) in Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Vajda F. J. , McNeil J. J. , Morris P. , Drummer O. , Bladin P. F. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThis study reports the results of treatment of 18 refractory epileptic patients with sodium valproate used as an adjuvant therapy to their previously prescribed medication. Plasma levels of anticonvulsants were monitored throughout this study. Adverse clinical effects and laboratory screening results were reported. A tentative therapeutic plasma level range related to pre‐dosed blood samples of patients receiving sodium valproate is proposed. In 50%, the proportion of days when fits had occurred diminished significantly during valproate therapy especially when accompanied by significant EEG clearing.
Myoclonus Epilepsy in Two Families–Clinical and Electrographic Studies
Authors: Vignaendra V. , Loh T. G. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Clinical and electrographic findings are described in two unrelated families with myoclonus. Both families had consanguineous marriage in the parents. Family A resembled progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Unverricht and Lundborg. In family B the illness was mild, mental function was normal and infrequent grand mal seizures affected one member only; the illness did not resemble hereditary essential myoclonus, familial myoclonus with ataxia or progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME).The diurnal EEG, in affected members of family A, resembled the changes described in PME. In contrast, affected members of family B showed normal alpha rhythms accompanied by numerous epileptic discharges. Some affected members of both families showed eye closure triggered generalised epileptic discharges.Overnight poly graphic recordings in the probands of the two families showed preservation of normal nocturnal sleep cycles and marked attenuation of myoclonus in sleep. However, the epileptic discharges, though decreased in sleep, were most prominent during REM sleep in the proband of family A and in deep sleep (NREM 3 and 4 and REM) in the proband of family B.Two affected members from each family showed good control of their myoclonus on clonazepam; clinical improvement was accompanied by marked suppression of epileptic discharges.
Definite Myocardial Infarction in Auckland*
Authors: Fraser G. E. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Definite myocardial infarction in Auckland. G E Fraser, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1978, 8, pp 479–490.40% representative sample of definite myocardial infarctions in Auckland was studied to give incidence figures and data relating to demographic variables, personal characteristics and habits, cardiovascular history, the acute phase and events over the subsequent 28 days.The incidence results showed figures comparable with other centres in Europe and the USA, as expected from New Zealanders' high consumption of dietary saturated fats and westernized life style.