bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the spleen with coincident serous retinal detachments responsive to corticosteroids
Authors: Kurup Shree K , Levy‐Clarke Grace , Calvo Katherine R , Jaffe Elaine S , Nussenblatt Robert B , Chan Chi‐Chao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNon‐Hodgkin's lymphoma is the sixth leading cause of cancer death in the USA. Herein, a patient is presented with primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma whose initial complaint was blurred vision and who presented with corticosteroid‐responsive serous retinal detachments mimicking Vogt–Koynagi–Harada. Extensive clinical examination including imaging and blood testing was negative. Splenectomy led to a diagnosis of splenic lymphoma
Optic disc laceration with combined retinal artery and vein occlusion following penetrating injury
Authors: Lee Mun‐Wai , Lee Shu‐Yen , Ong Sze‐Guan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOcular trauma is a major cause of unilateral blindness and male adults in the working age group have been found to have higher rates of ocular injury. A case of a work‐related penetrating ocular trauma with an intraocular foreign body causing an optic disc laceration and consequently a combined retinal arterial and venous occlusion is presented. The patient did not recover useful vision despite early surgical intervention. This case highlights an unusual sequelae following penetrating ocular trauma as well as the importance of safety eyewear for individuals in high‐risk occupations.
Do not try this at home: trash can intracapsular cataract extraction
Authors: Lam Andrew , Garg Sunir J 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe authors present a 39‐year‐old woman who sustained blunt trauma from a metal garbage can to her left eye and presented with her intact crystalline lens luxated subconjunctivally after expulsion through a scleral wound. External photographs show the lens found under intact conjunctiva and a computed tomography scan demonstrates the extrascleral lens. The patient had a ruptured globe repair and intraoperative photographs showed removal of the lens.
Bevacizumab (Avastin) for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma
Authors: Chilov Michael N , Grigg John R , Playfair T Justin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHerein three cases of angle closure secondary to neovascularization (elevated intraocular pressure in two of the cases) treated with the anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (Avastin) are reported. In all three cases there was rapid resolution of neovascularization and control of intraocular pressure. One patient with corneal anaesthesia from diabetes developed infectious keratitis, potentially as a consequence of inhibition of VEGF wound healing and neurotrophic functions. Avastin appears to have a promising role in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma but is not without potential local and systemic side‐effects.
Vitrectomy without postoperative posturing for idiopathic macular holes
Authors: Rubinstein Adrian , Ang Alan , Patel Chetan Kantibhai 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPurpose:  To determine the success of vitrectomy with ILM peeling and C3F8 tamponade for macular holes without the need for postoperative face‐down posturing.Methods:  Twenty‐four eyes of 24 consecutive patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy with indocyanine green‐assisted ILM peeling and C3F8 tamponade without prone posturing were included in the study. All patients had follow up on 1 day, 2 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography were used to assess macular hole closure at 3 months postoperatively. Snellen visual acuity was compared pre‐ and postoperatively.Results:  Of the 24 eyes recruited, two (8%) had stage II, 17 (71%) had stage III and five (21%) had stage IV macular holes. Nineteen (79%) eyes were phakic and five (21%) eyes were pseudophakic at the time of surgery. The macular holes had been present for an average of 7.5 months (range 3–18 months). At 3‐month follow up, 22/24 (91.6%) holes were closed. Both of the two holes that failed to close were stage IV macular holes. Preoperative visual acuity ranged from 6/18 to 6/60 (mean 6/36). Postoperative visual acuity ranged from 6/9 to 6/60 (mean 6/18). Eighteen eyes had improvement of visual acuity of at least one line on the Snellen chart, six eyes had no improvement. No eyes had worse vision postoperatively.Conclusion:  Macular hole surgery without face‐down posturing provides anatomical and functional results comparable to those with prone posturing. Combined phacovitrectomy is not essential to avoid prone posturing.
Risk‐stratified intensive follow up for treated colorectal cancer – realistic and cost saving?
Authors: Macafee D. A. L. , Whynes D. K. , Scholefield J. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective  Intensive follow‐up post surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) is thought to improve long‐term survival principally through the earlier detection of recurrent disease. This paper aims to calculate the additional resource and cost implications of intensive follow up post‐CRC resection, examine the possibility of risk‐stratifying this follow up to those at highest risk of recurrence and investigating the impact that population screening might have on the future cost and outcomes of follow up.Method  Two follow‐up regimens were constructed: the ‘standard’ follow‐up protocol used the principles of the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines whilst the ‘intensive’ follow‐up protocol used the most intensive arm of the follow up after colorectal surgery (FACS) trial. Using ONS data, the number of CRC diagnosed in a given year was calculated for 2003 and projected for 2016 based on the population of England and Wales. The resource requirements and costs of follow up over a 5‐year period were then calculated for the two time periods. Risk stratifying entry to follow up and the introduction of population CRC screening were then considered.Results  For the 2003 cohort, an intensive follow‐up program would detect 853 additional resectable recurrences over 5 years with 795 fewer subjects requiring palliative care. An additional 26 302 outpatient appointments, 181 352 CEA tests and 79 695 CT scans over 5 years would be required to achieve this. The cost of investigating subjects who would never develop detectable recurrences was £15.6 million. The cost per additional resectable recurrence was £18 077, a figure also found for a nonscreened population in 2016. An identical intensive follow‐up policy with biennial FOBT screening in 2016 saw the cost per additional resectable recurrence rise to £36 255.Conclusion  Intensive follow up will detect considerably more resectable recurrences but at considerable cost and it is unclear if such follow up will be achievable in an already over‐stretched NHS. If population‐based CRC screening increases the number of Dukes A cancers this may offer the possibility of risk‐stratifying future follow up to those at highest risk of recurrence; minimizing tests on those who will never have recurrent disease and better utilizing our scarce resources.
The effect of thiazolidinediones on adiponectin serum level: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Riera‐Guardia N. , Rothenbacher D. 
Published: July 2007

Background and aims:  Adiponectin is a hormone mainly produced by white adipose tissue. Decreased levels of adiponectin are linked with visceral obesity, insulin resistance states, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, several studies have pointed out an increase in adiponectin serum levels in subjects undergoing treatment with thiazolidinediones (TZD). The aim of this study is to systematically review the current state of evidence of the effect of TZD on adiponectin serum level with special attention to avoid publication bias.Materials and methods:  An extensive literature search was performed. Meta Analysis Version 2.0 computer program was used to calculate statistical differences in means and 95% confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was assessed using different statistical approaches.Results:  In the meta‐analysis including 19 studies the overall standardized mean difference was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.81–1.06) which means that subjects treated with TZDs on average had means of adiponectin concentration that were about 1 standard deviation higher than the comparison groups even after controlling for possible biases.Conclusions:  The results obtained agree with a moderate increase of serum adiponectin. The results clearly reveal an increase of endogenous serum adiponectin levels by intake of TZDs and may point to a potential new option to manage obesity‐related diseases.
Phylogeographical structure of vaironeTelestes muticellus(Teleostei, Cyprinidae) within three European peri‐Mediterranean districts
Authors: Zaccara Serena , Stefani Fabrizio , Delmastro Giovanni B. 
Published: July 2007

The phylogeographical pattern of vairone (Telestes muticellus) populations was assessed to test the biogeographical distinction of three peri‐Mediterranean ichthyogeographical districts: Padano‐Venetian (PV), Tuscano‐Latium (TL) and southern France (SF), evaluating the role of Alpine and Apennine barriers in shaping distinct evolutionary lineages. A fragment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochromeb(cytb) was sequenced in 153 specimens from 14 north‐western Italian populations, collected in 10 tributaries of Po River and in four rivers on the Tyrrhenian slope of Ligury, and 32 haplotypes were identified. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of two distinct clades, an ‘Italian clade’ (T. muticellus) and a ‘French clade’ (T. souffia), showing an average genetic distance of 12.9% (± 1.3 SD) and allopatric distribution. The Nested Clade Analysis (NCA) and the Analysis of Molecular Variance (amova) revealed an isolated gene pool in eastern basins on the Tyrrhenian slope of Ligury. The phylogeographical findings suggest: (i) the lack of permeability of Alpine barrier towards the dispersion across Italian and French hydrographical systems; and (ii) partial permeability of Mediterranean Alps and Apennines through river captures crossing lower watersheds.
In vitro human nail penetration and kinetics of panthenol
Authors: Hui X. , Hornby S. B. , Wester R. C. , Barbadillo S. , Appa Y. , Maibach H. 
Published: July 2007

SynopsisThe in vitro absorption of panthenol into and through the human nail was examined in this study. Panthenol, the alcohol form of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), is believed to act as a humectant and improve the flexibility and strength of nails. A liquid nail treatment formulated with panthenol (2%) was compared to a solution of panthenol (2%) in water. Fingernail specimens were dosed daily for 7 days with either the nail treatment (non‐lacquer film forming) formulation or aqueous solution with sampling performed every 24 h. Panthenol concentrations were determined in the dorsal surface, interior (by drilling and removal) and in the supporting bed under the human nail. Panthenol levels in the dorsal nail (R2 = 0.87; P < 0.001), nail interior (R2 = 0.94; P < 0.001) and nail supporting bed (R2 = 0.79; P < 0.003) showed a significant linear increase with each day of dosing. Significantly more panthenol was delivered into the interior nail and supporting bed by a nail treatment formulation than from an aqueous solution. The film acts not only as a reservoir of panthenol, but also acts to increase the hydration of the nail and the thermodynamic activity of panthenol as well, thereby enhancing diffusion.
Contact angle measurement – a reliable supportive method for screening water‐resistance of ultraviolet‐protecting products in vivo
Authors: Hagens R. , Mann T. , Schreiner V. , Barlag H. G. , Wenck H. , Wittern K.‐P. , Mei W. 
Published: July 2007

SynopsisSubstantivity of sunscreen formulations is affected by the wash‐out rate of ultraviolet‐absorber and ‐reflector compounds in water. Water‐resistance of sunscreen formulations is currently determined according to a standardized European Cosmetic Toiletry and Perfumery Association (COLIPA) protocol, encompassing the determination of a minimal erythemal dose before and after a defined immersion step in water. It can be supposed that the higher the wettability of a treated skin area, the higher is the wash‐out rate of sunscreen compounds. This present report addresses the validity of determining the wettability of treated skin alone as a measure for the water‐resistance of sunscreen products. The report addresses the robustness, accuracy and congruence of a recently developed wettability test, based on the measurement of the contact angle (CA) of a sessile water drop on treated skin areas. Contact angle data of 66 sunscreen formulations are compared with the corresponding results of 81 water‐resistance tests, using the sun protection factor (SPF)/immersion/SPF method. Sunscreen products tested by the CA method were applied to the skin of the volar forearm of test subjects at a defined dose and drying‐time, using a standardized application and recording device. Contact angles between a sessile water drop and skin were recorded by a Charge‐Coupled Device (CCD) camera and subjected to automatic contour analysis. Taking the SPF/immersion/SPF method as gold standard, accuracy parameters of the CA method were determined. By using an appropriate cut‐off level of CAs, the CA method has a specificity and positive‐predictive value of 100%, and turns out to be a reliable screening method to identify water‐resistant formulations. Based on our findings, those formulations that give CAs above 30° may be categorized water‐proof without further testing by the COLIPA water‐resistance method.
Salicyloyl‐phytosphingosine: a novel agent for the repair of photoaged skin
Authors: Farwick M. , Watson R. E. B. , Rawlings A. V. , Wollenweber U. , Lersch P. , Bowden J. J. , Bastrilles J. Y. , Griffiths C. E. M. 
Published: July 2007

SynopsisIn recent years the importance of sphingolipids (cerebrosides, sphingomyelin, ceramides, sphingosine‐1‐phospate, etc.) in skin biology is receiving an increasing interest. Not only are ceramides essential for the barrier function of the skin, especially through their phytosphingosine, sphingosine and 6‐hydroxysphingosine derivatives, they are now also known to be cell‐signalling mediators which can improve epidermal differentiation. However, their effects on dermal anti‐ageing markers and reduction of wrinkles have not been established. In this study, we were interested in the effects of a sphingolipid derivative, salicyloyl‐phytosphingosine (SP), because of the known independent beneficial effects of salicylic acid and phytosphingosine on skin. Both of these agents are known to reduce the activities of the activator protein‐1 transcription factor, in a manner similar to that observed with retinoic acid (RA) treatment. Through this mechanism, RA was shown to reduce the levels of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and the increase levels of extracellular matrix proteins. Therefore, we examined the effects of SP on procollagen‐I synthesis in fibroblasts in vitro, its effects in vivo on the expression of dermal markers such as fibrillin‐1, procollagen‐I and MMP‐1 immunochemically in biopsies taken from a short‐term occluded patch test protocol and, its effects on periorbital wrinkle reduction over 4 weeks using Fast Optical In Vivo Topometry of Human Skin. In vitro we observed a significant increase in the production of procollagen‐I by adult human fibroblasts (two fold increase, P < 0.01) which encouraged us to test the effects of SP in vivo. Initially, test products (SP at 0.05% and 0.2%, all‐trans RA (0.025%) and vehicle were applied under occlusion for 8 days prior to biopsy and histological assessment in photoaged volunteers (n = 5). Increased deposition of fibrillin‐1 and procollagen‐I, together with reductions in the levels of MMP‐1, were observed for the SP treatments (P < 0.05). Similar effects were observed for RA, except for the increases in procollagen‐I. With these beneficial effects on the basement membrane and papillary dermal markers, we evaluated the effects of SP in an oil‐in‐water (O/W) cream for its effects in reducing the appearance of periorbital wrinkles in a 4‐week, half‐face clinical study compared to placebo cream (moderately photoaged female subjects aged 41–69 years; n = 30). Clear reductions in wrinkle depth and Rz (skin smoothness) together with Ra (skin roughness) parameters were observed (P < 0.05), indicating an anti‐wrinkle benefit. In conclusion, this series of studies demonstrated for the first time that a ceramide derivative, such as that SP, was a novel agent for the repair of photoaged skin and highlight its effects at the cellular, tissue and organ levels.
The Effects of Cannabis Use on Wages of Prime‐age Males*
Authors: Van Ours Jan C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper uses a data set collected among inhabitants of Amsterdam, to study whether wages of prime‐age male workers are affected by cannabis use. The analysis shows that recent cannabis use has a negative effect on wages. The size of the wage effect depends on the age of onset. The earlier the start of cannabis use the larger the negative wage impact.
Interactions between protease inhibitors and acid‐reducing agents: a systematic review
Authors: Béïque L , Giguère P , La Porte C , Angel J 
Published: July 2007

ObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to provide a systematic review of the available pharmacokinetic and clinical data on drug interactions between protease inhibitors (PIs) and acid‐reducing agents, and their clinical relevance.MethodsA literature search was performed using Medline and EMBASE, abstracts of the previous 2 years of major conferences were searched and the drug information service of the manufacturer of every currently available PI was contacted. All data were summarized, and verified by at least two authors.ResultsA total of 1231 references were identified, 22 of which were studies of pharmacokinetic interactions between PIs and acid‐suppressive agents and a further 12 of which provided pharmacokinetic and/or clinical data.ConclusionsMany pharmacokinetic studies show a lack of a drug interaction between at least one acid‐reducing agent and most PIs. Little clinical information is available, except on interactions between atazanavir and acid‐reducing agents. This is probably a consequence of the complexity of the interaction.
Critical evaluation of the variants influencing the clinical response of vitiligo: study of 60 cases treated with ultraviolet B narrow‐band phototherapy
Authors: Brazzelli V , Antoninetti M , Palazzini S , Barbagallo T , De Silvestri A , Borroni G 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground  The treatment of vitiligo is still a challenge, but ultraviolet B narrow‐band (UVB‐NB) therapy has been recently reported to be an effective and safe therapeutic option in patients with vitiligo.Objective  The purpose of this study is a critical evaluation of the variants (body sites, age, duration of the disease, and duration of the therapy) influencing the clinical response to UVB‐NB therapy.Methods  Sixty patients (23 male and 37 female), aged 6 to 70 years, with vitiligo, were treated with UVB‐NB therapy over a maximum period of 2 years. The evaluation of the percentage of repigmentation was done through photographs.Results  The lesions located on the face obtained a complete repigmentation in 68% of the patients, on the neck in 57.89%, and on the trunk in 50% within the first year of the therapy. In young patients vs. adults patients, the lesions located on the neck obtained a complete repigmentation in 83.33% vs. 46.15%, on the upper limbs in 28.57% vs. 9.52%, and on the lower limbs in 25% vs. 16.67%. In patients with vitiligo of recent onset, the lesions located on the neck obtained a complete repigmentation in 83.33%, on the upper limbs in 33.33%, and on the lower limbs in 28.57%. Hands did not give a positive response in either groups.Conclusion  This study shows that certain body sites respond better than others to the UVB‐NB therapy; patients, aged less than 20 years, with recent vitiligo, achieve more repigmentation; the duration of the therapy can influence the response of the lesions over hands and lower limbs, showing only mild repigmentation.
Objective recognition of vascular lesions in Mondor's disease by immunohistochemistry
Authors: Ichinose A , Fukunaga A , Terashi H , Nishigori C , Tanemura A , Nakajima T , Akishima‐Fukasawa Y , Ishikawa Y , Ishii T 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground  Mondor's disease (MD) is considered an inflammatory condition of superficial vasculitis that develops mainly in the anterolateral thoracoabdominal wall. The pathogenesis of the disease has been controversial, however, because of the lack of histopathologic methods for differentiating between the small vein and the lymphatic vessel.Aim  To objectively examine the origin of vascular lesions in MD, we investigated the endothelial cells of their blood and lymphatic vessels.Methods  Immunohistochemical examinations were carried out on specimens involving vascular lesions from 16 patients with MD, using antibodies against von Willebrand factor and human lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor‐1, which specifically discriminate between lymphatic and blood vessels.Results  The histopathologic findings clearly showed thrombophlebitis in 14 patients, a lesion originating in the lymphatic vessel in one patient, and sclerosis that consisted of the artery together with veins in another.Conclusion  This study suggests that almost all cases of MD are due to thrombophlebitis, with a small minority due to lymphangitis or other conditions. We believe this study will contribute to the better recognition of the factual changes in the condition designated MD.
Killing and Letting Die: the Similarity Criterion
Authors: ASSCHER JOACHIM 
Published: July 2007

abstract  Applied ethics engages with concrete moral issues. This engagement involves the application of philosophical tools. When the philosophical tools used in applied ethics are problematic, conclusions about applied problems can become skewed. In this paper, I focus on problems with the idea that comparison cases must be exactly alike, except for the moral issue at hand. I argue that this idea has skewed the debate regarding the moral distinction between killing and letting die. I begin with problems that can arise from attempts to produce comparison cases that are exactly alike, except for the moral issue at hand. I then argue that attempts to produce such examples are doomed to failure. Finally, I argue that abandoning concerns about similarity advances the debate regarding the moral distinction between killing and letting die.
THE EFFECT OF DETERGENT TYPE AND LAUNDERING TEMPERATURE ON THE SOIL REMOVAL AND SOIL REDEPOSITION PERFORMANCE OF COTTON AND P/C BLENDS WITH AND WITHOUT DURABLE PRESS FINISH
Authors: PAEK S. L. 
Published: July 2007

Three soiled test cloths of cotton and 65/35% Dacron/cotton blends with and without durable press finish were subjected to twenty‐five repeated launderings in Launder‐Ometer to determine the effect of fabric type, wash temperature, and laundering interval on the soil removal and soil redeposition performance. The reflectance of the test fabrics as measured by a Hunter Lab D‐40 reflectometer and the amount of soil removed and redeposited was computed in reflectance unit (RU) expressing the difference in reflectance of the test samples before and after washing.Soil removal and redeposition performances were significantly influenced by fabric type, detergent type, and laundering interval. Duncan's multiple range test indicated that Dacron/cotton blends with and without durable press finish retained and redeposited significantly less soil than cotton. Powder detergents cleaned test fabrics better than liquid detergents.Highly significant correlations between soil removal and redeposition RU and whiteness measurements were found. Therefore, both computations serve as reliable methods to evaluate soil removal and redeposition performance.