bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI of patellar articular cartilage: Evaluation of an optimized gradient‐echo sequence (3D‐DESS)
Authors: Ruehm Stefan , Zanetti Marco , Romero José , Hodler Juerg 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOur purpose was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of a gradient‐echo sequence optimized for cartilage imaging in patellar cartilage abnormalities and to compare it to a standard turbo‐spin‐echo sequence. Fifty‐eight consecutive patients who underwent, within 3 months both MRI and arthroscopy or surgery, were included in the investigation. Two radiologists specializing in musculoskeletal imaging independently assessed axial three‐dimensional double‐echo steady state (3D‐DESS) gradient‐echo images and sagittal proton‐ and T2‐weighted turbo‐spin‐echo images with regard to retropatellar cartilage abnormalities. Possible findings were: 0: normal, 1: cartilage softening, and 2: lesion of the articular surface. Inter‐ and intraobserver variability was assessed. For cartilage softening, the axial 3D‐DESS sequence had a sensitivity of 73%, a specifity of 75%, and an accuracy of 70%. The corresponding results for the sagittal turbo‐spin‐echo sequence were 53%, 65%, and 62%. For surface lesions, the results for the 3D‐DESS sequence were 43%, 92%, and 83% and for the turbo‐spin‐echo sequence were 60%, 92%, and 86%. Intra‐ and interobserver agreement was moderate (k = 0.59 and 0.45 [DESS], 0.6 and 0.46 [turbo ‐spin‐echo]). We conclude that the 3D‐DESS sequence is moderately accurate in detecting patellar cartilage abnormalities. Compared with the sagittal turbo‐spin‐echo sequence, the axial 3D‐DESS sequence is superior in diagnosing cartilage softening but not surface lesions.
A compact respiratory‐triggering device for routine microimaging of laboratory mice
Authors: Minard Kevin R. , Wind Robert A. , Phelps Robyn L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA partial‐body plethysmograph was developed for measuring the respiratory flow of anesthetized mice during routine microimaging experiments performed in the close confines of an 89‐mm‐diameter, vertical‐bore magnet. Respiratory flow patterns were used for synchronizing conventional T2‐weighted spin‐echo imaging with the respiratory cycle, thereby, significantly reducing motion‐induced artifacts and increasing observed liver lesion contrast.
Comparison of intranasal with targeted lymph node immunization using PR8‐Flu ISCOM adjuvanted HIV antigens in macaques
Authors: Koopman G. , Bogers W.M.J.M. , van Gils M. , Koornstra W. , Barnett S. , Morein B. , Lehner T. , Heeney J.L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe rapidly spreading HIV epidemic requires a vaccine that elicits potent mucosal immunity to halt or slow transmission. Induction of these responses will depend on the use of appropriate adjuvants and targeting of the mucosal immune system. Previously, immune stimulating complexes (ISCOM) have shown great potency as adjuvant in the induction of mucosal responses in mice and systemic responses in non‐human primates. In this study, HIV formulated in PR8‐Flu ISCOM adjuvant was applied to immunize rhesus macaques against HIV; targeting the mucosa either via intranasal (IN) application or via targeted lymph node immunization (TLNI). While, strong systemic, HIV specific, cytokine, lymphoproliferative, and antibody responses were induced via the TLNI route, the IN application generated only low responses. Furthermore, all four animals immunized via TLNI developed vaginal IgA antibodies against gp120. In conclusion, in contrast to what has been demonstrated in mice, the IN application of PR8‐Flu ISCOM did not induce strong immune responses in rhesus macaques unlike those immunized by the TLNI route. J. Med. Virol. 79:474–482, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential binding and activation of caspase‐3 in cultured hippocampal neurons by assembly forms of Aβ1–42
Authors: St. John Paul A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAmyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides, the primary constituents of amyloid plaques in the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD), may cause AD, but how they do so is not clear. Aβ peptides spontaneously aggregate, or self‐assemble, to generate several distinct macromolecular and morphological forms that can differ significantly in their effects on cells. We have compared different assembly forms of Aβ1–42 (Aβ42) for their ability to trigger apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons at a submicromolar concentration and for their binding to such neurons. Fibrillar Aβ42 caused both morphological changes indicative of apoptosis and specific activation of caspase‐3, a characteristic marker of neurodegeneration in AD, in hippocampal neurons, whereas other preparations tested did not do so under the same conditions. More aggregated forms of Aβ42, including both fibrils and a mixture of assembly forms termed Aβ‐derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs), bound to neurons much more extensively and at lower concentrations than preparations that contained smaller forms. Fibrillar Aβ42, in particular, bound to neurons at concentrations as low as 1 nM. Colocalization studies showed that fibrillar Aβ42 bound almost exclusively at nonsynaptic sites. These results show differences between assembly forms of Aβ42 in the ability to trigger apoptotic signaling in CNS neurons, and they directly demonstrate differences between assembly forms in the binding to CNS neurons, a possible first step in the pathogenesis of AD. These results suggest that fibrillar Aβ42 contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Barriers to pain management in the rehabilitation of the surgical oncology patient
Authors: Silver Julie , Mayer R. Samuel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVirtually every surgical oncology patient faces pain, and it can become a major barrier to rehabilitation and quality of life. Pain must be assessed as to its severity, etiology (somatic, visceral, or neuropathic), causation (directly from malignancy or from treatment side effects), and its impact on daily function. Treatments can include physical modalities, exercise, opioids, adjuvant medications, and interventional techniques. Barriers to treatment may include side effects, finances, and attitudes. New technologies in medication delivery systems, intrathecal pumps, injections, and surgery have greatly strengthened the armamentarium available to manage pain. J. Surg. Oncol. 95:427–435. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metastasis‐related factors expressed in pT1 pN0 breast cancer: Assessment of recurrence risk
Authors: Ogura Shigeto , Ohdaira Takeshi , Hozumi Yasuo , Omoto Yawara , Nagai Hideo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectivesPrevious reports have indicated that small breast cancers without lymph node metastasis present a favorable prognosis. However, 10–20% of patients with T1 N0 invasive ductal carcinoma experience recurrence and have a poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to examine whether certain metastasis‐related factors are prognostic of cancer recurrence in such patients at risk for relapse.MethodsNineteen patients with the carcinoma who had recurrence 1–15 years after margin‐free resection were examined. The control group consisted of 20 patients with pT1 pN0 invasive ductal carcinoma who had no recurrence for ≥10 years after radical surgery. The two groups were compared with respect to clinical profiles, conventional neoplastic features, and immunohistochemical expressions of 16 metastasis‐related factors.ResultsNo significant difference was found between the two groups in clinical profiles and conventional neoplastic features. However, six factors (MMP‐2, MT1‐MMP, T1MP‐2, VEGF, cMET, and PCNA) were significantly expressed in the recurrence group against the control group. MMP‐9 was significantly less expressed in the recurrence group. Of these factors, MMP‐2, MT1‐MMP, and VEGF showed the highest adjusted odds ratios.ConclusionMMP family and growth factors may be promising predictors of recurrence risk of early stage breast cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:46–53. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly Efficient and Well‐Controlled Ambient Temperature RAFT Polymerization under Solar Radiation
Authors: Jiang Wending , Lu Lican , Cai Yuanli 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHighly efficient and well‐controlled ambient temperature reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is readily carried out under environmentally friendly mild solar radiation. This discovery has significantly extended studies from man‐made separated‐spectroscopic‐emission UV‐vis radiation (Macromolecules 2006, 39, 3770) to natural continuous‐spectroscopic‐emission solar radiation for ambient temperature RAFT polymerization.magnified image
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Cross‐Linked Fluoroalkyl End‐Capped Oligomeric Nanoparticles Containing Adamantane Units
Authors: Mugisawa Masaki , Ueno Katsuya , Hamazaki Kazuo , Sawada Hideo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFluoroalkyl end‐capped cooligomers that contain both oxime‐blocked isocyanato and hydroxyadamantyl segments are prepared by the cooligomerization of fluoroalkanoyl peroxide with the corresponding monomers under mild conditions. This fluorinated cooligomer affords new cross‐linked fluoroalkyl end‐capped cooligomeric nanoparticles that contain adamantane segments by the deprotecting reaction of oxime‐blocked isocyanato segments in cooligomers in excellent to moderate isolated yield. A variety of cross‐linked fluoroalkyl end‐capped cooligomeric nanoparticles that contain adamantane segments are also prepared by similar deprotecting reactions with this fluorinated cooligomer in the presence of adamantane‐1,5‐diol. Furthermore, we have prepared cross‐linked fluoroalkyl end‐capped cooligomers that contain oxime‐blocked isocyanato segments by the use of 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate and poly(ethylene glycol)‐containing methacrylate monomer as comonomers, respectively. However, the deprotecting reactions of the oxime‐blocked isocyanato segments in the cooligomers do not afford the expected nanoparticles, and these cross‐linked cooligomers are found to show a gelling characteristic. The thermal stability of these cross‐linked fluorinated cooligomeric nanoparticles that contain adamantane segments increases significantly compared to that of the parent fluorinated cooligomer. More interestingly, the thermal stability of these cross‐linked fluorinated nanoparticles is almost the same as that of the fluoroalkyl end‐capped acrylic acid oligomer/SiO2 nanocomposites (content of SiO2 in composites: 70%). In addition, these cross‐linked fluorinated nanoparticles have been applied to the surface modification of traditional organic polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate) to exhibit a good oleophobicity imparted by fluorine on their surface.magnified image
A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Polyaniline Nanostructures: From Nanofibers to Nanowires
Authors: Li Jing , Tang Heqing , Zhang Aiqing , Shen Xiantao , Zhu Lihua 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new approach for the synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) nanostructures under UV light illumination has been developed, which is the first report of a templateless chemical process for preparing pure PANI nanowires. The acceleration effect of photo‐assistance on the polymerization can promote the homogeneous nucleation and elongation of the nanofibers and nanowires, leading to easy preparation of tunable diameters of the nanowires and nanofibers of PANI.magnified image
Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dystonia and celiac disease
Authors: Hall Deborah A. , Parsons Julie , Benke Tim 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCeliac disease has been associated with ataxia and other neurological signs but has not been associated with paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesias (PNKD) to date. We present a child with biopsy‐proven celiac disease and a movement disorder resembling PNKD since the age of 6 months. She had complete resolution of her neurological symptoms with introduction of a gluten‐free diet. Because a susceptibility locus for celiac disease has been reported on 2q33 and studies in PNKD show linkage to 2q, this report suggests further genetic investigations around this locus may be useful. We also review the literature regarding the genetic susceptibility to PNKD and celiac disease. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Effects of caffeine on the freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kitagawa Mayumi , Houzen Hideki , Tashiro Kunio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCaffeine is a nonselective competitive blockade of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. In this report, we studied the efficacy of 100 mg of caffeine per day on the freezing of gait (FOG) for patients with Parkinson's disease. Different subtypes of FOG showed different therapeutic responses to caffeine. Caffeine improved “total akinesia” type of FOG, but had no effect on “trembling in place.” Tolerance developed to the beneficial effect of caffeine on FOG within a few months, but a 2‐week caffeine withdrawal period could restore the effect of caffeine. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Antiparkinsonian activity of L‐propyl‐L‐leucyl‐glycinamide or melanocyte‐inhibiting factor in MPTP‐treated common marmosets
Authors: Katzenschlager Regina , Jackson Michael J. , Rose Sarah , Stockwell Kim , Tayarani‐Binazir Kayhan A. , Zubair Mohammed , Smith Lance A. , Jenner Peter , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe neuropeptide melanocyte‐inhibiting factor (MIF) or L‐propyl‐L‐leucyl‐glycinamide (PLG) has been reported in some studies to improve the motor signs of Parkinson's disease (PD) and in rodent models of PD. In this study of oral and intravenous MIF in N‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐lesioned marmosets, a wide range of doses of MIF administered alone (0.25, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg orally) did not increase locomotor activity, relieve motor disability, or induce dyskinesias. When MIF (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg orally or 10 and 20 mg/kg intravenously) was administered concomitantly with levodopa/benserazide, no significant differences in motor function or dyskinesias were observed compared with levodopa/benserazide alone. The results of this first study of MIF in the marmoset MPTP model provide no encouragement for the reinvestigation of MIF in the clinical management of the motor signs of PD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Malignant melanoma in early Parkinson's disease: The DATATOP trial
Authors: Constantinescu Radu , Romer Megan , Kieburtz Karl ,   DATATOP Investigators of the Parkinson Study Group
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe available epidemiological data on the incidence of malignant melanoma in Parkinson's disease are contradictory. The role of levodopa therapy in this context has been debated. We identified all known cases of malignant melanoma (N = 5) in the DATATOP clinical trial cohort and compared that to published expected values (N = 1.5) for a standard healthy population. The standardized event ratio was 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–7.8), indicating that incidence of malignant melanoma was higher than expected. We found no association between levodopa therapy and the incidence of melanoma. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Predictors of freezing in Parkinson's disease: A survey of 6,620 patients
Authors: Macht Michael , Kaussner Yvonne , Möller Jens Carsten , Stiasny‐Kolster Karin , Eggert Karla Maria , Krüger Hans‐Peter , Ellgring Heiner 
Published: March 2007

AbstractData from a survey of 6,620 Parkinson's disease patients were examined for correlation of freezing with age, sex, duration, subjective severity of Parkinson's disease, and antiparkinsonian medication. Forty‐seven percent of the patients reported experiencing freezing regularly. Logistic regression analysis showed that freezing was significantly associated with a longer disease duration and a more advanced stage of the disease. Freezing episodes were more likely in men than in women and in patients taking, in addition to levodopa, Entacapone, Amantadine, or dopamine agonists. Finally, patients considering tremor as their main symptom reported freezing less frequently. Common antiparkinsonian drugs given in combination with levodopa were not negatively correlated with freezing. The results underline the necessity to develop appropriate countermeasures against this phenomenon, which is widely known to cause significant impairment of patients' quality of life and—as our data also showed—may cause traffic accidents in licensed patients. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Joint additive Kullback–Leibler residual minimization and regularization for linear inverse problems
Authors: Resmerita Elena , Anderssen Robert S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor the approximate solution of ill‐posed inverse problems, the formulation of a regularization functional involves two separate decisions: the choice of the residual minimizer and the choice of the regularizor. In this paper, the Kullback–Leibler functional is used for both. The resulting regularization method can solve problems for which the operator and the observational data are positive along with the solution, as occur in many inverse problem applications. Here, existence, uniqueness, convergence and stability for the regularization approximations are established under quite natural regularity conditions. Convergence rates are obtained by using ana prioristrategy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ganglioside mimicry and peripheral nerve disease
Authors: Yuki Nobuhiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFour criteria must be satisfied to conclude that a given microorganism causes Guillain–Barré (GBS) or Fisher (FS) syndrome associated with anti‐ganglioside antibodies: (1) an epidemiological association between the infecting microbe and GBS or FS; (2) isolation in the acute progressive phase of illness of that microorganism from GBS or FS patients with associated anti‐ganglioside IgG antibodies; (3) identification of a microbial ganglioside mimic; and (4) a GBS or FS with associated anti‐ganglioside antibodies model produced by sensitization with the microbe itself or its component, as well as with ganglioside. Campylobacter jejuni is a definitive causative microorganism of acute motor axonal neuropathy and may cause FS and related conditions. Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are possible causative microorganisms of acute motor axonal neuropathy or FS. Acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies may be produced by mechanisms other than ganglioside mimicry. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene initiated by bromoacetylated syndiotactic polystyrene macroinitiator
Authors: Gao Yong , Li Huaming , Wang Xiayu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAtom transfer radical polymerization of styrene was conducted with bromoacetylated syndiotactic polystyrene as macroinitiator and copper bromide combined with N,N,N′,N′,N′‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as catalyst. A two‐stage process has been developed to synthesize the macroinitiator. First, syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) was functionalized in the side phenyl rings with acetyl groups using the Friedel–Crafts reaction; second, the acetyl groups were converted to bromoacetyl groups by an acid‐catalyzed halogenation reaction. The initiator was found to be active in the polymerization of styrene, leading to the production of graft chains with well‐defined structure. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the graft chains were determined using gel permeation chromatography after cleaving from the sPS backbone using peroxide acid oxidation followed by hydrazine‐catalyzed hydrolysis. The results indicated that the polymerization process was characteristic of a ‘living’ nature. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation of dinuclear dihydroxydiphenylmethanes and trinuclear novolacs (triphenylols) from phenol‐formaldehyde condensations
Authors: Moss W. H. , Moss Elsie 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrevious work has shown that the intermediates in the formation of resins from phenol and formaldehyde— the 2,2′‐, 2,4′‐ and 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenylmethanes can only be isolated from the reaction products in small yields and with difficulty.It is now shown that after distillation of excess phenol and formaldehyde from the initial reaction mass at atmospheric pressure, a further high‐temperature steam distillation yields approximately 60% of the remaining product as white crystalline dihydroxydiphenylmethanes, 20% as triphenylols varying from hard crystalline masses to slowly crystallising oils, and 20% of fusible and soluble novolac resin of high melting point.Some lens‐shaped crystals were also obtained.
Crystallisation kinetics and morphology of high density polyethylene containing organic and inorganic pigments
Authors: Turturro Antonio , Olivero Luigi , Pedemonte Enrico , Alfonso Gian Carlo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSome organic pigments, present in very small amounts (0.1 to 0.2%), can cause warpage and shrinkage phenomena in moulded parts of linear polyethylene. Investigations on such phenomena have been carried out by dilatometric and morphological analysis. The influence on polyethylene crystallisation kinetics and morphology of such organic and inorganic pigments, which do not cause any deformation effect, has been studied.The experimental results show that only organic pigments increase the crystallisation rate, by acting as nucleating agents; in these cases, moreover, the crystalline grain is smaller and the typical morphology of polyethylene crystallised in bulk is altered.A possible correlation between the nucleating action and the warpage effect of organic pigments on moulded polyethylene is discussed.
The emulsion polymerisation of vinyl acetate by redox initiation
Authors: Elgood Brian G. , Gulbekian Edward V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRedox initiation enables polymerisation to be carried out at relatively low temperatures, and has been extensively studied in relation to styrene‐butadiene and acrylic esters. In the case of vinyl acetate, the hydrogen peroxide‐iron initiator system has been examined in detail, but is normally satisfactory only at higher temperatures of polymerisation (70 to 80 °C).The low temperature redox polymerisation of vinyl acetate appears to have received little attention. In the present work, the emulsion polymerisation of vinyl acetate using ammonium persulphate with a reducing agent and a metal ion has been studied at 50 ° C. It is shown that to achieve maximum conversion of monomer to polymer the selection of both the reducing agent and the metal ion is important, and that the pH profile during the process is critical. These results are related to the availability of the metal ion at the locus of polymerisation.