bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A facet analysis of police officers' self‐reported use of suspect‐interviewing strategies and their Discomfort with Ambiguity
Authors: Alison Laurence , Kebbell Mark , Leung Joane 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study sought to establish: (i) whether tactics in police suspects interviews can be represented by two interacting facets (cognitive/emotional and coercive/facilitative) and (ii) whether a preference for coercive combinations are positively associated with Discomfort with Ambiguity (Kruglanski, 1989). Ninety‐nine police interviewers from the Crime Wing Headquarters of the Hong Kong Police completed a self‐report survey of preferred suspect interviewing tactics, as well as Chiu, Morris, Hong, and Menon (2000) version of the Need For Closure scale. Smallest Space Analysis (Guttman, 1968) revealed a duplex structure of cognitive and affective coercive/facilitative themes. Moreover, self‐report results indicated that high scorers on Discomfort with Ambiguity were more willing to use a wider variety of tactics (including more coercive cognitive and emotional tactics) than low scorers (who were more prudent in their constraint and willingness to stick with facilitative cognitive and emotional tactics). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasmonic Materials
Authors: Murray W. A. , Barnes W. L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe provide an overview of the way in which different approaches to nanostructuring metals can lead to a wealth of interesting optical properties and functionality through manipulation of the plasmon modes that such structures support, a field known as plasmonics. The increasing interest in plasmonics derives in large measure from the interplay between better fabrication techniques and an awareness of the potential that controlled plasmon modes have to offer. The combination of nanometer‐scale fabrication techniques and increasingly sophisticated numerical modeling capabilities thus enables a significant advance in our understanding of the science underlying plasmonics. Here, we survey some of the different structures that have been explored. We hope that this Review will spur others to continue the exploration of this fascinating topic.
Using Lessons from Cellular and Molecular Structures for Future Materials
Authors: LeDuc P. R. , Robinson D. N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCells and molecules exhibit robust and efficient characteristics that occur as a result of highly organized and hierarchical structures within these small scale living systems. These structures have the ability to adapt themselves to a wide variety of stimuli, including mechanical and chemical environmental changes, which ultimately affect behavior including cell life and death. The characteristics of these structures can be utilized as they provide unique advantages for building a future generation of material science technologies. In this article, we provide an overview of the similarities between materials and living cells, and discuss specific types of biological materials including cytoskeletal elements, DNA, and molecular motors that have already been leveraged to build unique functional materials. The future challenge will be to continue to use the scientific discoveries of today with upcoming discoveries in cellular and molecular science, and apply these principles to develop as yet unknown technologies and materials.
Interpopulation, interindividual, intercycle, and intracycle natural variation in progesterone levels: A quantitative assessment and implications for population studies
Authors: Jasienska Grazyna , Jasienski Michal 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMethodological challenges in studying sex steroid hormones in premenopausal women result from the existence of variation at three levels: among women from the same population, among menstrual cycles recorded for women at different times of the year, and among days of the same cycle. We partitioned, for a Polish rural population, the natural, nonpathological, variation in salivary progesterone concentrations (measured during 14 days of the luteal phase) into the intracycle component (which accounts for 65% of the total variation) and the among‐cycle component (the remaining 35% of the total variation). Out of the among‐cycle variation in salivary progesterone, as much as 46% is expressed as differences among individual women (interindividual component); the remaining 54% of variation is due to differences among cycles of individual women (intercycle, within‐women component). Such intercycle variation is probably caused by a seasonality of agricultural workload and is much higher than in nonseasonal, industrial populations. We also used bootstrap analyses to generate heuristic recommendations for choosing sample sizes of the number of subjects, number of cycles per woman, and number of days per cycle. Studies in populations with seasonal lifestyles should rely on measurements of at least three cycles per woman. Given the substantial intracycle amplitude in hormone levels to reliably assess biologically and medically relevant variation in ovarian function, at least 7–8 days/cycle should be measured. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal assessment of cognitive characteristics in Costello syndrome
Authors: Axelrad Marni E. , Nicholson Linda , Stabley Deborah L. , Sol‐Church Katia , Gripp Karen W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCostello syndrome encompasses pre‐ and postnatal medical problems including polyhydramnios, failure to thrive, cardiac complications, and an increased risk for solid tumors. Hypotonia and developmental delay are typical in infancy, and mental retardation can be diagnosed in older patients. Previous studies on the cognitive development in Costello syndrome relied on clinically diagnosed cases. The recent discovery of heterozygous HRAS mutations allows for molecular confirmation of the clinical diagnoses. We report here on cognitive abilities and adaptive behavior in the first cohort of patients with molecularly confirmed diagnoses. Further, this is the first longitudinal assessment of cognitive function in this patient population. Sixteen patients with identified HRAS mutations were tested, and 14 completed the Leiter International Performance Scale—Revised. The mean Full‐Scale IQ score of 57 (range 30–87) was within the range of mild Mental Retardation. Analysis of test component subsets showed a relative strength in Fluid Reasoning with a mean score of 69 (range 48–98), in the mild range of Mental Retardation. Longitudinal analysis was performed for 12 patients by comparison of data obtained at the first evaluation (T1) to results obtained 2 years later (T2). In these patients intellectual and language abilities remained stable, and no deterioration was seen. We have thus shown that Costello syndrome is a static condition regarding intellectual and language abilities. The Leiter‐R Memory Screen indicated functioning in the mildly delayed range for the majority of patients. Adaptive behavior was evaluated using the Vineland tool, and longitudinal data comparison for adaptive behavior showed improvements in Daily Living Skills, Communication, and the Adaptive Behavior Composite. However, these results must be interpreted cautiously as the measuring tool was updated from T1 to T2. Receptive language skills were measured with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test‐III, showing a mean receptive vocabulary standard score of 65 (SD 15) in the Extremely Low range. Expressive language skills, as measured by the Expressive Vocabulary Test (EVT), scored a mean of 51 (SD 14), in the Extremely Low range. However, half of the subjects obtained the lowest possible score on the EVT, demonstrating that this is not the ideal tool for use in this patient population. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expanding the phenotype of oculoectodermal syndrome: Possible relationship to encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis
Authors: Ardinger Holly H. , Horii Kimberly A. , Begleiter Michael L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOculoectodermal syndrome (OES) is characterized by epibulbar dermoids, aplasia cutis congenita, and other abnormalities. Here, we report 2 new cases, review 13 previous cases, and propose that OES may be a mild variant of encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL), differing primarily in its lack of intracranial pathology. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two siblings with an unusual nasal malformation: Further instances of craniorhiny?
Authors: Lees Melissa M. , Kangesu Loshan , Hall Per , Hennekam Raoul C.M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe report a brother and sister born to consanguineous parents. The siblings have hypertelorism, bifid nose, upturned nares, histologically proven intranasal dermoid, and soft‐tissue swellings of the philtrum. One sibling also has a midline cleft lip and the other has narrowing of the posterior choanae. We suggest that they have craniorhiny, despite the absence of an abnormal skull shape. The differential diagnosis is discussed. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, characterization, and bactericidal properties of composites based on crosslinked resins containing silver
Authors: de Santa Maria Luiz Claudio , Souza Jacqueline D. C. , Aguiar Mônica R. M. P. , Wang Shu H. , Mazzei José L. , Felzenszwalb Israel , Amico Sandro C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo different commercial crosslinked resins (Amberlite GT73 and Amberlite IRC748) were employed for anchoring silver. The SH and N(CH2COOH)2 groups, respectively, present on these resins were used for Ag+ chelation from an aqueous solution. The Ag+ ions were reduced with three different reductants: hydrazine, hydroxylamine, and formaldehyde (under an alkaline pH). The produced composites were characterized with thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy combined with a backscattered scanning electron detector. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy coupled to scanning electron microscopy allowed the observation of submicrometer particles of silver, and chemical microanalysis of emitted X‐rays revealed the presence of metal on the internal and external surfaces of the composite microspheres. The amount of incorporated silver was determined by titration. The antibacterial activity of the silver/resin composites was determined toward 103–107 cells/mL dilutions of the auxotrophic AB1157 Escherichia coli strain; the networks containing anchored submicrometer silver particles were completely bactericidal within a few minutes because of the combined action of silver and functional groups of the resins. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Novel chemically synthesized polyaniline electrodes containing a fluoroboric acid dopant for supercapacitors
Authors: Palaniappan Srinivasan , Devi Subbarao Lakshmi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe performance of chemically synthesized dual‐acid‐doped polyaniline (PANI) electrode material was investigated for supercapacitors for the first time. Three different grades of PANI‐containing fluoroboric acid (HBF4) as one of the dopants were prepared by a chemical polymerization method. PANI–dodecylhydrogen sulfate–HBF4 salt was synthesized by an emulsion polymerization pathway. A PANI–HBF4–sodium tetrafluoroborate composite and PANI–HBF4 salt were prepared from different modifications of dopants by a dedoping–redoping process. Capacitative behaviors of the three grades of PANI electrode materials were investigated. Among the three different grades of PANI, PANI–HBF4 electrode showed the best performance in terms of conductivity (2.3 × 10−1 S/cm), specific capacitance of the supercapacitor (140 F/g), specific energy (9.6 W h/kg), and specific power (58.8 W/kg). An increase in the capacitance of PANI–HBF4 was achieved, which identified the significant contribution of the dedoping–redoping processes in the PANI system for supercapacitors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Cloning and characterization of two glutathione S‐transferase cDNAs in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana
Authors: Zheng Sichun , Deng Huimin , Ladd Tim , Tomkins Bill L. , Krell Peter J. , Feng Qili 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo Choristoneura fumiferana glutathione S‐transferase cDNAs were cloned from a cDNA library constructed using mRNA from the midgut cell line, CF‐203. These cDNAs (CfGST2, CfGST3) encoded two structurally different proteins with a predicted molecular mass of 21 and 24 kDa, respectively, which was confirmed through protein expression in a bacterial system. Quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR analyses revealed that the transcripts of these two genes were present in the epidermis, fat body, and midgut of the 6th instar larvae. CfGST2 was expressed in the fat body when the insects were close to pupal molting, while it was constantly expressed in the other two tissues during the 6th instar stage. CfGST3 gene was expressed highly and constantly in all of the tissues throughout the 6th instar stage. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that CfGST2 and CfGST3 proteins were present mainly in the fat body and epidermis and no protein was detected in the midgut. CfGST2 and CfGST3 were different from CfGST reported before (Feng et al., 1999: Insect Biochem Mol Biol 29:779–793) in amino acid sequence, expression pattern, and responsiveness to tebufenozide. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 66:146–157, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determining factors of academic library Web site usage
Authors: Heinrichs John H. , Lim Kee‐Sook , Lim Jeen‐Su , Spangenberg Melissa Allen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study develops three alternative models of academic library Web site usage based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The three alternative models depict relationships among various intrinsic and extrinsic determinant factors of an academic library's Web site usage. The four factors included in the models are perceived ease‐of‐use, perceived usefulness, service functionality, and task functionality. These four factors are hypothesized to affect directly or indirectly both factors of satisfaction and intention‐to‐use. LISREL analysis using survey data shows that the best‐fit model is the “Dual Mediation Impact” Model. Research and managerial implications for the academic library are discussed. Future research directions and limitations also are provided.
The user‐subjective approach to personal information management systems design: Evidence and implementations
Authors: Bergman Ofer , Beyth‐Marom Ruth , Nachmias Rafi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPersonal Information Management (PIM) is an activity in which an individual stores personal information items to retrieve them later. In a former article, we suggested the user‐subjective approach, a theoretical approach proposing design principles with which PIM systems can systematically use subjective attributes of information items. In this consecutive article, we report on a study that tested the approach by exploring the use of subjective attributes (i.e., project, importance, and context) in current PIM systems, and its dependence on design characteristics. Participants were 84 personal computer users. Tools included a questionnaire (N = 84), a semistructured interview that was transcribed and analyzed (n = 20), and screen captures taken from this subsample. Results indicate that participants tended to use subjective attributes when the design encouraged them to; however, when the design discouraged such use, they either found their own alternative ways to use them or refrained from using them altogether. This constitutes evidence in support of the user‐subjective approach as it implies that current PIM systems do not allow for sufficient use of subjective attributes. The article also introduces seven novel system design schemes, suggested by the authors, which demonstrate how the user‐subjective principles can be implemented.
Verwendung diskreter, kohäsiver Risse zur Berechnung von Beton unter hochdynamischer Belastung
Authors: Larcher Martin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDie Berechnung von hochdynamisch beanspruchten Bauteilen stellt hohe Anforderungen an die verwendeten Methoden und Stoffgesetze. Neben dem nichtlinearen Verhalten des Betons durch das Risswachstum ist die bei hohen Belastungsgeschwindigkeiten erhöhte Festigkeit zu berücksichtigen. Zusätzlich ist das Verhalten der Mikroporen unter einer hydrostatischen Beanspruchung einzubeziehen. Die Art der Entlastung von stark hydrostatisch beanspruchtem Beton entscheidet über die Höhe der Energiedissipation.In dieser Arbeit wird das elementfreie Galerkin‐Verfahren verwendet, um in Kombination mit einem kohäsiven Rissansatz die Rissentwicklung im Beton darzustellen. Das Verhalten der Mikroporen wird über eine Volumenfunktion implementiert, deren Entlastungsfunktion ebenfalls vorgestellt wird. Das Simulationsmodell wird an verschiedenen statischen und dynamischen Versuchen validiert. Die Berechnung eines mit einer Kontaktdetonation beaufschlagten Betonkörpers zeigt ein Rissbild, das das experimentell bestimmte gut abbildet.
Schlank und leicht – Ganghoferbrücke an der Theresienhöhe in München
Authors: Riedel Sven , Seidl Günter , Kotz Peter 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDie Zusammenführung von bewährten Systemen macht die Ganghoferbrücke zu einer gestalterisch anspruchsvollen, modernen und sehr günstigen Fußgängerbrücke. Der Überbau ist aus Stahlbeton C35/45 und mit einer Schlankheit von 1/42 sehr schlank. Die Flächen unterhalb der anschließenden Rampen beherbergen Ateliers für Künstler. Die Fußund Radwegbrücke stellt eine sichere Querungshilfe für die Schüler zur nah gelegenen Schule dar.
Investigation of interaction between human serum albumin and N6‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐adenosine by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modelling
Authors: Cui Fengling , Wang Junli , Cui Yanrui , Yao Xiaojun , Qu Guirong , Lu Yan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and N6‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐adenosine (HEA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with UV absorption spectroscopy for the first time. The results of spectroscopic measurements suggested that the hydrophobic interaction was the predominant intermolecular force stabilizing the complex, which was in good agreement with the results of molecular modelling study. The enthalpy change (ΔH) and the entropy change (ΔS) were calculated, according to the Van't Hoff equation, to be –24.05 kJ/mol and 30.23 J/mol/K, respectively. The effects of common ions on the binding constant of the HEA–HSA complex at room temperature were also investigated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time Series Modeling of Two‐ and Three‐Phase Flow Boiling Systems with Genetic Programming
Authors: Liu M.‐Y. , Yang Y. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe time series of the physical parameters in boiling evaporators with vapor‐liquid (V‐L) two‐phase and vapor‐liquid‐solid (V‐L‐S) three‐phase external natural circulating flows exhibit nonlinear features. Hence, proper system evolution models may be built from the point of view of nonlinear dynamics. In this work, genetic programming (GP) was utilized to find the nonlinear modeling functions necessary to develop global explicit two‐variable iteration models, using wall temperature signals measured from the heated tube in ordinary two‐phase and three‐phase fluidized bed evaporators. The model predictions agree well with the experimental data of the time series, which means that the models established with GP can adequately describe the dynamic evolution behavior of multi‐phase flow boiling systems.
Semibatch Production of Pharmaceutical Grade Magnesium Stearate: A Statistical Approach
Authors: Asgari M. , Fatemi S. , Sotudeh Gharebagh R. , Haririan I. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFractional factorial design was employed to investigate the effect of feed composition and the major operating variables on the production of pharmaceutical grade magnesium stearate in a double decomposition process. The studied variables were initial stearic acid concentration, initial sodium hydroxide concentration, initial magnesium sulfate concentration, as well as reactor temperature at the time of NaOH addition (the first reaction temperature) and reactor temperature during magnesium sulfate addition (the final reaction temperature), pH of the solution at the end of reaction (final pH). The moisture content of the cake produced after filtration and the yield of magnesium stearate in the dried cake (assay), were the most important responses investigated as a function of feed and operating variables and these were optimized through statistical analysis. The results of the study showed that both magnesium sulfate and NaOH had high positive effects on the final pH, with a nonsignificant effect of the other main factors being observed. Increasing the NaOH concentration and the first reaction temperature led to an increase in the assay production, whereas the binary interaction of stearic acid and NaOH revealed a negative effect. The acid as well as NaOH concentrations exhibited positive influence on the moisture content of the filtered cake. Finally, the simplex optimization method was used to obtain the optimal conditions. The results of the study were successfully adapted to the large scale production of pharmaceutical grade magnesium stearate and pharmaceutical grade product was produced meeting the standards required.
Side Products Formation in the Synthesis of Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane on Zeolite ZSM‐5
Authors: Trejbal J. , Petrisko M. , Pašek J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA research investigation into the synthesis of 1, 4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane from ethylendiamine over zeolite ZSM‐5 was carried out. A number of side products such as alkylpyrazines, alkylpiperazines and alkyl‐1, 4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2.]octanes were identified in the reaction mixture. A chemical mechanism based on elimination, condensation, cracking and proton transfer reactions was proposed for the formation of these compounds.
Prediction of Droplet Velocities and Rain Out in Horizontal Isothermal Free Jet Flows of Air and Viscous Liquid in Stagnant Ambient Air
Authors: Al Rabadi S. , Friedel L. , Surma R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo‐dimensional phase Doppler anemometer measurements of droplet size and velocity conducted under several nozzle conditions and a systematic variation of the air mass flow quality and liquid phase viscosity show that the air entrainment process is enhanced when keeping all test conditions constant except for increasing the Newtonian liquid viscosity above of that of water. A two‐zone entrainment model based on a variable two‐phase entrainment coefficient is proposed with the normalized axial distance allowing for a change in the jet angle. Thus, the jet perimeter is lower and the breakup length is longer in the case of air/relatively higher viscosity liquid phase. It provides the most accurate reproduction of the experimental droplet velocity in comparison with that of other models in the literature and, hence, is recommended for the prediction of the droplet velocity in the case of two‐phase air/liquid phase free jet flow in stagnant ambient air. A model for predicting the droplet rain out, considering the droplet trajectories in the free jet flow, allows also for an adequate reproduction of the experimental data.