bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА БЕЗПЕКА КРАЇНИ
Authors: МАЗАРАКІ Анатолій , МЕЛЬНИК Тетяна 
Published: April 2024

В умовах збройної агресії проти України забезпечення енергетичної безпеки стає важли­вим обʼєктом державної політики. Це вимагає постійного та добре узгодженого управління з метою забезпечення енергетичної незалежності країни та надійної роботи інфраструктури, що безпосередньо впливає на функціонування еконо­міки та життя громадян, і визначає необхід­ність постійного дослідження змін на енерге­тичних ринках України та Європи, що з погляду економічної, соціальної та енергетичної інтеграції з ЄС є досить актуальним завданням. Відтак метою статті є дослідження сучасного стану української енергетичної галузі для обґрунтова­ного вибору інструментів і реалізації енергетичної політики України, стратегічного планування у сфері енергетичної безпеки. Дослідження прове­дено з використанням методів узагальнення, аналізу та синтезу, порівняння, наукового абстрагування та систематизації. Встановлено, що внаслідок воєнної агресії в Україні відбулося перегрупування потоків на світовому енергетичному ринку – енергетична система Європи трансформується, розширюючи свої джерела й посилюючи свою інтеграцію з ринком скрапленого природного газу (СПГ). Крім цього, на рівні ЄС вжито рішучих заходів, повʼя­заних зі споживанням, поста­чанням та зберіганням природного газу, та заходів фіскального полегшення, спрямованих на підтримку національних підприємств і домогосподарств. За час повномасштабного вторгнення російська федерація вже знищила 30–40% джерел віднов­люваної енергії в південних і південно-східних областях України. У лютому 2023 р. Україна тимчасово втратила 44% атомної генерації, 75% потужностей ТЕС і 33% блокових ТЕЦ. За перманентних ризиків масових ракетних обстрілів потрібна енергетика високого рівня стійкості. Українська енергетична система пока­зала себе такою: в умовах війни збережено її роботу, синхронізовано з ENTSO-E, розпочато поставки електроенергії до ЄС. Зроблено висновки про необхід­ність на міжнародному рівні подальшого обмеження імпорту російських енергоносіїв та обвалу цін на енергетичні товари, а на національному – невід­кладні реформи вугільної галузі та поширення децентралізованої енергетики й енергетично само­достатніх регіонів.
ANTHER STRUCTURE IN <i>CRASSULA ERICOIDES</i>, <i>C. INTERMEDIA</i> AND <i>C. MULTICAVA</i> (CRASSULACEAE)
Authors: Anisimova G. M. , Shamrov I. I. 
Published: April 2024

The development and structure of the anther wall in Crassula intermedia, C. multicava and C. ericoides was studied for the first time. In the studied species, the presence of basic features of the Crassulaceae family associated with reproduction processes was confirmed. These include: tetrasporangiate anther, parietal tapetum, simultaneous microsporogenesis, predominantly tetrahedral tetrads of microspores, 2-celled and 3-colporate mature pollen grains. The microsporangium wall is 4-layered (epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum) and its development occurs within a typical variation of the centrifugal type. Tannins accumulate in epidermal cells: in C. intermedia, along the periphery of the cell protoplast, and in C. multicava and C. ericoides, the cell protoplasts are completely filled with tannins. The tapetum develops without reorganization (typical parietal tapetum). The study has shown that Crassula species are characterized by a number of unique features. They form an eccentric connective displaced from the central position towards the abaxial microsporangia, while the connective tissue does not develop between the adaxial microsporangia. Fibrous thickenings were found not only in the endothecium cells, but also in the cells around the vascular bundle of the connective tissue. The number of cell layers with fibrous thickenings and their location differ in the studied species. In C. ericoides, they are arranged in one layer in the form of a ring in the anther part completely fused with the filament. In C. intermedia and C. multicava, 2–3 layers are formed there. As regards the anther part free from the filament, in C. ericoides cells with fibrous thickenings are formed only in the endothecium, while in other two species not only in the endothecium, but also in 2–3 underlying layers of the connective tissue. In the structure of the stamen and anther of Crassula species, there are features common with Sedum and Aeonium species (the presence of cells with fibrous thickenings in the anther part free from the filament) and Kalanchoe (the stamen is wide at the base and narrow at the junction with the anther). Our data indicate that additional studies are needed, and the position of the Crassula clade continues to be controversial on the phylogenetic tree of the Crassulaceae family.
<i>MENEGAZZIA TEREBRATA</i> (PARMELIACEAE) AT THE NORTHERN BORDER OF ITS RANGE (KIVACH NATURE RESERVE, REPUBLIC OF KARELIA)
Authors: Tarasova V. N. , Sonina А. V. , Androsova V. I. 
Published: April 2024

Menegazzia terebrata is a foliose macrolichen listed in the Red Data Books of most European countries and in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The species is stenotopic, for which the variety of suitable biotopes is limited; therefore, habitat disturbance under natural and anthropogenic factors is the main reason for decreasing its population. Most records of the species in European Russia were made in the mid 19th – mid 20th centuries. The purpose of this study was to assess the state of coenopopulations and ecological features of M. terebrata in the communities of the Kivach Nature Reserve (Republic of Karelia). The studies were carried out in the territory of Kivach Nature Reserve on sample plots of 625 m2, where general characteristics of plant communities and habitat characteristics were recorded. The size of each coenopopulation was determined as well as the coverage area on the surface of the substrate (cm2), the number of thalli, their ontogenetic state, associated species in lichen synusia. For the first time in the last 80 years, 4 habitats of M. terebrata were found on the territory of the Republic of Karelia. Based on literature and own data, a map of the species distribution in Northern Europe was compiled. The discovered population is the northernmost of all currently existing in the territory of the European part of Russia. M. terebrata prefers more shaded and humid conditions, occupying vertical surfaces of mossy rocks in deciduous forests with the last fire 93–120 years ago. The lichen occurs in communities with bryophytes, in lichen synusia with common species of shady habitats: Lepraria sp., Cystocoleus ebeneus, Peltigera sp. Totally 144 thalli of M. terebrata with a total area of 1228 cm2 were identified at four ontogenetic states assigned to two age periods: pregenerative (two variants of virginal state – \({{v}_{1}}\), \({{v}_{2}}\)), and postgenerative (subsenile – ss, senile – s). These coenopopulations follow the strategy of vegetative reproduction, as evidenced from the presence of soralia and fragmentation of the thalli. The size of the thalli and the predominance of virginal and subsenile thalli with abundant soralia indicate a long-term good prospect for the development of the coenopopulations, and allow us to assess the state of the species as normal. The existence in a specially protected area, the presence of a suitable substrate (vertical rock outcrops of significant size), as well as forest communities with a certain microclimate (shading, high relative humidity) create the necessary conditions for the conservation of M. terebrata. The results obtained are the basis for changing the status of M. terebrata in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Karelia from “0” (probably extinct) to “1” (endangered).
ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ: СУТНІСНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ТА СИСТЕМА МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ
Authors: ТЮРІНА Ніла , КАРВАЦЬКА Наталія , ПЕТЯК Андрій 
Published: April 2024

Досліджено трактування дефініції «зовнішньоекономічна діяльність» у законодавчих актах України та авторські визначення науковців. Виконано розмежування сутності цієї дефініції на рівні процесу та суб’єктів господарювання. Узагальнено точки зору вітчизняних та зарубіжних науковців щодо сутності категорії «зовнішньоекономічна діяльність підприємства» та сформовано авторське визначення, де проставлені акценти для суб’єктів зовнішньоекономічної діяльності. Визначено пріоритети, рівні, складові, мету та завдання системи менеджменту зовнішньоекономічної діяльності. Розмежовано за сутністю та змістовним наповненням систему менеджменту зовнішньоекономічної діяльності на макро і мікро рівнях соціально-економічних систем. У підсумку сформовано авторські визначення основних категорій зовнішньоекономічної діяльності, що стосуються сутності та процесу її виконання.
The Effect of Translation and Cultural Adaptations on Diagnostic Accuracy and Test Performance in Dementia Cognitive Screening Tools: A Systematic Review
Authors: Czerwinski-Alley Natasha C. , Chithiramohan Tamara , Subramaniam Hari , Beishon Lucy , Mukaetova-Ladinska Elizabeta B. 
Published: April 2024

Background: The current cognitive tests have been developed based on and standardized against Western constructs and normative data. With older people of minority ethnic background increasing across Western countries, there is a need for cognitive screening tests to address factors which influence performance bias and timely diagnostic dementia accuracy. The diagnostic accuracy in translated and culturally adapted cognitive screening tests and their impact on test performance in diverse populations have not been well addressed to date. Objective: This review aims to highlight considerations relating to the adaptation processes, language, cultural influences, impact of immigration, and level of education to assess for dementia in non-Western and/or non-English speaking populations. Methods: We conducted a systematic search for studies addressing the effects of translation and cultural adaptations of cognitive screening tests (developed in a Western context) upon their diagnostic accuracy and test performance across diverse populations. Four electronic databases and manual searches were conducted, using a predefined search strategy. A narrative synthesis of findings was conducted. Results: Search strategy yielded 2,890 articles, and seventeen studies (4,463 participants) met the inclusion criteria. There was variability in the sensitivity and specificity of cognitive tests, irrespective of whether they were translated only, culturally adapted only, or both. Cognitive test performance was affected by education, linguistic ability, and aspects of acculturation. Conclusions: We highlight the importance of translating and culturally adapting tests that have been developed in the Western context. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution as results varied due to the broad selection of included cognitive tests.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Induces Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Rat Brain
Authors: Basurto-Islas Gustavo , Tung Yunn Chyn , Dai Chun-ling , Iqbal Khalid , Gong Cheng-Xin 
Published: April 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication of DM, may also cause brain damage and further AD, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: Our objective was to understand how DKA can promote neurodegeneration in AD. Methods: We induced DKA in rats through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, followed by starvation for 48 hours and investigated AD-related brain alterations focusing on tau phosphorylation. Results: We found that DKA induced hyperphosphorylation of tau protein at multiple sites associated with AD. Studies of tau kinases and phosphatases suggest that the DKA-induced hyperphosphorylation of tau was mainly mediated through activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and downregulation of protein phosphatase 2A. Disruption of the mTOR-AKT (the mechanistic target of rapamycin−protein kinase B) signaling pathway and increased levels of synaptic proteins were also observed in the brains of rats with DKA. Conclusions: These results shed some light on the mechanisms by which DKA may increase the risk for AD.
Evaluation scale and definitions of core and core stability in sports: A systematic review
Authors: Enoki Shota , Hakozaki Taisei , Shimizu Takuya 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Core stability has been reported to be important for improving performance in athletes. However, the variety of measures used to assess core stability has made it difficult to compare results across studies. In addition, there is a lack of consensus on precise definitions of core and core stability, which is a barrier to research in this field. OBJECTIVE: The overall purpose of this review was to summarize the definitions of core and core stability and measurements of core stability used in previous studies on athletes. METHODS: We searched four electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Science Direct) from their inception to October 2023. Studies evaluating core stability in athletes across all sports were included. We excluded case studies and case series, opinion pieces, letters to editors and studies not written in the English language. Two researchers independently assessed articles for inclusion and exclusion criteria and methodological quality. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four studies were included, of which two were of high quality. The definitions of core and core stability varied widely, and ‘core’ was not defined in 108 studies and ‘core stability’ was not defined in 105 studies. The most used test protocol was the McGill test, which was used in 19 studies. CONCLUSIONS: There are multiple tests to measure core stability, and there is some confusion as to whether the measurement results represent core strength or core endurance. Future research papers should clarify the definitions of core and core stability, and consider core strength and core endurance separately.
Bi-cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty is here to stay: A consecutive series transitioning from manual instrumentation to enabling technologies
Authors: Barberis Luca , Sabatini Luigi , Pellegrino Andrea , Galletta Claudia , Risitano Salvatore , Capella Marcello , Massè Alessandro , Schiraldi Marco , Indelli Pier Francesco 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Bicruciate-retaining (BCR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has seen renewed interest due to the potential for more natural knee kinematics with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) retention. OBJECTIVE: The present study attempts to determine differences in the 2-year survivorship and patient-reported outcomes between two surgical strategies (traditional instrumentation versus robotics) applied to the extensive use of a modern, 2nd generation BCR TKA design. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study with prospectively collected data of 113 patients who underwent primary TKA between 2018 and 2020 using a 2nd generation BCR TKA implant. Patient demographics, PROMS, and intra/post-operative complications were collected. Patients were also evaluated according to the use or not of robotics. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate revision-free survival at follow up. RESULTS: 102 patients were enrolled: 90 received traditional surgery and 12 robotic-assisted surgery. The mean age was 68 years (SD 7.76) with an average BMI of 29.6 kg/m2 (SD 3.56). The mean follow up (FU) was 32.4 ± 6.2 months (range 24–45 months). Survivorship at 2 years was 98% (95% CI: 92.4–99.5). Revisions/reoperations were performed for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear (1/4), pain (1/4), arthrofibrosis (1/4) and acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) (1/4). At final FU, 92 patients (90.2%) considered themselves satisfied, showing a mean OKS of 40.6 (SD 5.1) and a mean FKS of 76.7 (SD 11.8). No differences in the outcome were found between traditional and robotic-assisted procedures. CONCLUSION: The modern BCR design evaluated in this study achieved excellent results in terms of implant survivorship, low rate of reoperation and clinical results, independently from the use of enabling technologies.
ВОЛИНЬ ТА ВОЛИНЯНИ У МІЛІТАРНІЙ ПОЛІТИЦІ ДРУГОЇ РЕЧІ ПОСПОЛИТОЇ В 30-х РОКАХ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ
Authors: Дем'янюк Олександр Йосипович 
Published: April 2024

Розглянуто різноманітні аспекти залучення волинян як громадян Другої Речі Посполитої до строкової служби у Війську Польському, мобілізаційних заходах держави напередодні Другої світової війни. З’ясовано ставлення польського політичного та військового керівництва до місця проходження служби та роду військ для українців, у тому числі й волинян. Визначено головні причини змін у ставленні до волинян-українців у польському війську наприкінці 30-х років ХХ століття.
Проаналізовано заходи керівництва Другої Речі Посполитої та командування Війська Польського щодо проведення фортифікаційних робіт на території Волинського воєводства під загрозою військової агресії радянських республік, подано відомості про створення фортифікаційних ліній оборони у воєводстві, визначено місце польських військових підрозділів в охороні східного кордону держави.
Наведено цитати зі спогадів учасників тих подій, які дозволяють ознайомитися з їхнім особистісним сприйняттям окремих складових місця Волині та волинян у мілітарних планах Другої Речі Посполитої в 30-х роках ХХ століття.
УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ПАРТИЗАНСЬКИЙ РУХ ПІД ЧАС УКРАЇНСЬКО-ПОЛЬСЬКОГО ПРОТИСТОЯННЯ ЗА ГАЛИЧИНУ 1918 – 1920-х РОКІВ
Authors: Стецишин Олег Леонідович 
Published: April 2024

Українсько-польський збройний конфлікт, що розпочався 1 листопада 1918 р. після проголошення Західноукраїнської держави, не тільки започаткував нову історію боротьби за українську державність, а й став каталізатором формування збройних сил молодої республіки. Галицьке військо стало на захист своєї держави. Одночасно з цим проти польських збройних формувань почали діяти українські партизанські і напівпартизанські відділи – як на лінії зіткнення, так і в запіллі в поляків. Ця стаття аналізує збройні виступи українського населення ЗУНР у 1918-1920 роках, вивчаються передумови виникнення українського партизанського руху, ставлення командування Галицької армії до діяльності таких загонів, що, як правило, діяли автономно і здебільшого не узгоджували свої дії з НКГА. Проводиться періодизація діяльності партизанських відділів, досліджуються причини, через які цей рух не став масовим.
A hybrid brain-muscle-machine interface for stroke rehabilitation: Usability and functionality validation in a 2-week intensive intervention
Authors: Sarasola-Sanz Andrea , Ray Andreas M. , Insausti-Delgado Ainhoa , Irastorza-Landa Nerea , Mahmoud Wala Jaser , Brötz Doris , Bibián-Nogueras Carlos , Helmhold Florian , Zrenner Christoph , Ziemann Ulf , López-Larraz Eduardo , Ramos-Murguialday Ander 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The primary constraint of non-invasive brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) in stroke rehabilitation lies in the poor spatial resolution of motor intention related neural activity capture. To address this limitation, hybrid brain-muscle-machine interfaces (hBMIs) have been suggested as superior alternatives. These hybrid interfaces incorporate supplementary input data from muscle signals to enhance the accuracy, smoothness and dexterity of rehabilitation device control. Nevertheless, determining the distribution of control between the brain and muscles is a complex task, particularly when applied to exoskeletons with multiple degrees of freedom (DoFs). Here we present a feasibility, usability and functionality study of a bio-inspired hybrid brain-muscle machine interface to continuously control an upper limb exoskeleton with 7 DoFs.Methods: The system implements a hierarchical control strategy that follows the biologically natural motor command pathway from the brain to the muscles. Additionally, it employs an innovative mirror myoelectric decoder, offering patients a reference model to assist them in relearning healthy muscle activation patterns during training. Furthermore, the multi-DoF exoskeleton enables the practice of coordinated arm and hand movements, which may facilitate the early use of the affected arm in daily life activities. In this pilot trial six chronic and severely paralyzed patients controlled the multi-DoF exoskeleton using their brain and muscle activity. The intervention consisted of 2 weeks of hBMI training of functional tasks with the system followed by physiotherapy. Patients’ feedback was collected during and after the trial by means of several feedback questionnaires. Assessment sessions comprised clinical scales and neurophysiological measurements, conducted prior to, immediately following the intervention, and at a 2-week follow-up.Results: Patients’ feedback indicates a great adoption of the technology and their confidence in its rehabilitation potential. Half of the patients showed improvements in their arm function and 83% improved their hand function. Furthermore, we found improved patterns of muscle activation as well as increased motor evoked potentials after the intervention.Discussion: This underscores the significant potential of bio-inspired interfaces that engage the entire nervous system, spanning from the brain to the muscles, for the rehabilitation of stroke patients, even those who are severely paralyzed and in the chronic phase.
Effect of orthostatic hypotension on long-term prognosis of elderly patients with stable coronary artery disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Jiaman , Chi Jianing , Cai Hua , Wu Ningxia , Li Pengfei , Huang Yuekang , Lin Cailong , Lai Yingying , Huang Jianyu , Li Weihua , Su Peng , Li Min , Lin Zhongqiu , Xu Lin 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe long-term prognosis of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) combined with orthostatic hypotension (OH) has rarely been reported. This research was designed to examine whether OH increases the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death among patients with stable CAD.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed retired military personnel over 65 years of age who were hospitalized at the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army between March and July 2010. A total of 924 patients with stable CAD were included, among whom 263 had OH. The risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in OH and non-OH groups were analyzed with the Cox proportional hazards models, and restricted cubic spline plots were utilized for subgroup analyses. Furthermore, competing risk models were applied for sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 82.00 (80.00–85.00) years. Over 159 months of follow-up, the loss to follow-up rate was 2.27%, and all-cause mortality was observed in 574 (63.57%) patients, including 184 with OH. Moreover, cardiovascular death occurred in 127 patients (13.73%), with 58 cases associated with OH. Although the relationship between OH and all-cause mortality was non-significant [body mass index (BMI) &lt; 25 group, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.10 with a 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82–1.40; BMI ≥ 25 group, adjusted HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.98–1.70], it was independently related to a growing risk of cardiovascular death (adjusted HR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.20–2.60). This finding was further validated by using a competing risk model (subdistribution HR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.22–2.49). Moreover, age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and frequency of hospital admissions were identified as risk factors of cardiovascular death among patients with OH (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionOur study, based on retired military personnel with stable CAD, found that OH led to a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular death, but it was not noticeably associated with all-cause mortality on long-term prognosis.