bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring prognostic factors and treatment strategies for long-term survival in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma patients
Authors: Lee Chaejin , Byeon Yukyeng , Kim Gung Ju , Jeon Juhee , Hong Chang Ki , Kim Jeong Hoon , Kim Young-Hoon , Cho Young Hyun , Hong Seok Ho , Chong Sang Joon , Song Sang Woo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXA) are rare, accounting for < 1% of all astrocytomas. Literature on the clinical course and treatment outcomes of PXAs is limited. The study aimed to determine prognosis and treatment strategies for PXAs. Patients who had PXAs surgery between 2000–2021 were retrospectively analyzed for demographics and radiological characteristics. Initial and salvage treatment outcomes were recorded. Overall, 40 and 9 patients had grade 2 and 3 PXAs; their 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 75.8% and 37.0%, respectively (p = 0.003). Univariate analysis revealed that strong T1 enhancement (p = 0.036), infiltrative tumor margins (p < 0.001), peritumoral edema (p = 0.003), WHO grade (p = 0.005), and gross total resection (p = 0.005) affected the PFS. Multivariate analysis revealed that the WHO grade (p = 0.010) and infiltrative tumor margins (p = 0.008) influenced the PFS. The WHO grade (p = 0.027) and infiltrative tumor margins (p = 0.027) also affected the overall survival (OS). Subgroup analysis for grade 2 PXAs revealed no significant associations between adjuvant radiation therapy and the PFS and OS. This study highlighted the heterogeneous nature of PXAs and its impact on patient prognosis. Infiltrative tumor margins emerged as a key prognostic factor. Our findings have emphasized the prognostic relevance of radiological features and the need for larger studies on comprehensive management.
Mandible mechanical properties and composition of the larval Glossosoma boltoni (Trichoptera, Insecta)
Authors: Krings Wencke , Below Patrick , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInsect feeding structures, such as mandibles, interact with the ingesta (food or/and substrate) and can be adapted in morphology, composition of material and mechanical properties. The foraging on abrasive ingesta, as on algae covering rocks, is particularly challenging because the mandibles will be prone to wear and structural failure, thus suggesting the presence of mandibular adaptations to accompany this feeding behavior. Adaptations to this are well studied in the mouthparts of molluscs and sea urchins, but for insects there are large gaps in our knowledge. In this study, we investigated the mandibles of a grazing insect, the larvae of the trichopteran Glossosoma boltoni. Using scanning electron microscopy, wear was documented on the mandibles. The highest degree was identified on the medial surface of the sharp mandible tip. Using nanoindentation, the mechanical properties, such as hardness and Young’s modulus, of the medial and lateral mandible cuticles were tested. We found, that the medial cuticle of the tip was significantly softer and more flexible than the lateral one. These findings indicate that a self-sharpening mechanism is present in the mandibles of this species, since the softer medial cuticle is probably abraded faster than the harder lateral one, leading to sharp mandible tips. To investigate the origins of these properties, we visualized the degree of tanning by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The autofluorescence signal related to the mechanical property gradients. The presence of transition and alkaline earth metals by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was also tested. We found Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Si, and Zn in the cuticle, but the content was very low and did not correlate with the mechanical property values.
Restoring functional TDP-43 oligomers in ALS and laminopathic cellular models through baicalein-induced reconfiguration of TDP-43 aggregates
Authors: Chang Hsiang-Yu , Wang I-Fan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA group of misfolded prone-to-aggregate domains in disease-causing proteins has recently been shown to adopt unique conformations that play a role in fundamental biological processes. These processes include the formation of membrane-less sub-organelles, alternative splicing, and gene activation and silencing. The cellular responses are regulated by the conformational switching of prone-to-aggregate domains, independently of changes in RNA or protein expression levels. Given this, targeting the misfolded states of disease-causing proteins to redirect them towards their physiological conformations is emerging as an effective therapeutic strategy for diseases caused by protein misfolding. In our study, we successfully identified baicalein as a potent structure-correcting agent. Our findings demonstrate that baicalein can reconfigure existing TDP-43 aggregates into an oligomeric state both in vitro and in disease cells. This transformation effectively restores the bioactivity of misfolded TDP-43 proteins in cellular models of ALS and premature aging in progeria. Impressively, in progeria cells where defective lamin A interferes with TDP-43-mediated exon skipping, the formation of pathological TDP-43 aggregates is promoted. Baicalein, however, restores the functionality of TDP-43 and mitigates nuclear shape defects in these laminopathic cells. This establishes a connection between lamin A and TDP-43 in the context of aging. Our findings suggest that targeting physiological TDP-43 oligomers could offer a promising therapeutic avenue for treating aging-associated disorders.
Social appearance anxiety among the dark tetrad and self-concealment
Authors: Jin Wenjing , Zhan Tingting , Geng Yaoguo , Shi Yibo , Hu Wanying , Ye Bei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study analyzed the effects of the Dark Tetrad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, sadism) and self-concealment on social appearance anxiety. Empirical investigations on which personality traits influence social appearance anxiety are yet missing. In this study, a sample of N = 1186 Chinese students performed a questionnaire-based survey assessing different personality facets and social appearance anxiety tendencies. Measures included the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, the Machiavellian Personality Scale, the Short Sadistic Impulse Scale, the Self-concealment Scale, and the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that psychopathy, Machiavellianism, sadism, and self-concealment positively predicted social appearance anxiety and narcissism negatively predicted social appearance anxiety. Machiavellianism, psychopathy, sadism, and self-concealment were positive predictors of social appearance anxiety, whereas narcissism was a negative predictor. These findings provide insight into the complex nature of the Dark Tetrad and their influence on social appearance anxiety.
Oblique distribution patterns and the underlying mechanical model of orebody groups controlled by structures at different scales
Authors: Han Runsheng , Wu Jianbiao , Zhang Yan , Chen Qing , Sun Bangtao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe oblique distribution of orebodies is a basic feature of the spatial distribution of orebody groups in hydrothermal deposits, and it is closely related to the shearing effect. However, the oblique distribution patterns of orebody groups controlled by ore-controlling/ore-forming structures at different scales (orebody, ore deposit and ore field scales) and the underlying formation mechanism are unclear but could be used to directly constrain mineral exploration and prospecting breakthroughs in the deep and peripheral areas of ore deposits. This paper uses the northeastern Yunnan Ge-rich Pb–Zn ore concentration area in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou metallogenic area as an example to analyse and demonstrate the oblique distribution patterns of orebodies (orebody groups) controlled by ore-forming/ore-controlling structures at different scales and the underlying mechanical model based on the Theory and Methods of Ore field Geomechanics. The results indicate that in 3D space, the oblique distributions of orebodies (veins), orebody groups and ore deposits are controlled by the mechanical properties, kinematic characteristics, and tectonic stress fields of ore-forming/ore-controlling fault structures of different sequences during the mineralization period. This study has an important guiding role for ore field-scale exploration deployment, evaluation of deep and peripheral prospecting, and exploration project arrangement, with the aim of helping mining companies increase resource reserves and production.
Machine learning reveals diverse cell death patterns in lung adenocarcinoma prognosis and therapy
Authors: Wang Shun , Wang Ruohuang , Hu Dingtao , Zhang Caoxu , Cao Peng , Huang Jie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCancer cell growth, metastasis, and drug resistance pose significant challenges in the management of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, there is a deficiency in optimal predictive models capable of accurately forecasting patient prognoses and guiding the selection of targeted treatments. Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways play a pivotal role in the development and progression of various cancers, offering potential as prognostic indicators and drug sensitivity markers for LUAD patients. The development and validation of predictive models were conducted by integrating 13 PCD patterns with comprehensive analysis of bulk RNA, single-cell RNA transcriptomics, and pertinent clinicopathological details derived from TCGA-LUAD and six GEO datasets. Utilizing the machine learning algorithms, we identified ten critical differentially expressed genes associated with PCD in LUAD, namely CHEK2, KRT18, RRM2, GAPDH, MMP1, CHRNA5, TMPRSS4, ITGB4, CD79A, and CTLA4. Subsequently, we conducted a programmed cell death index (PCDI) based on these genes across the aforementioned cohorts and integrated this index with relevant clinical features to develop several prognostic nomograms. Furthermore, we observed a significant correlation between the PCDI and immune features in LUAD, including immune cell infiltration and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Additionally, we found that patients with a high PCDI score may exhibit resistance to immunotherapy and standard adjuvant chemotherapy regimens; however, they may benefit from other FDA-supported drugs such as docetaxel and dasatinib. In conclusion, the PCDI holds potential as a prognostic signature and can facilitate personalized treatment for LUAD patients.
Multimodal fusion of liquid biopsy and CT enhances differential diagnosis of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yanwei , Sun Beibei , Yu Yinghong , Lu Jun , Lou Yuqing , Qian Fangfei , Chen Tianxiang , Zhang Li , Yang Jiancheng , Zhong Hua , Wu Ligang , Han Baohui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research explores the potential of multimodal fusion for the differential diagnosis of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (tumor sizes < 2 cm). It combines liquid biopsy biomarkers, specifically extracellular vesicle long RNA (evlRNA) and the computed tomography (CT) attributes. The fusion model achieves an impressive area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 91.9% for the four-classification of adenocarcinoma, along with a benign-malignant AUC of 94.8% (sensitivity: 89.1%, specificity: 94.3%). These outcomes outperform the diagnostic capabilities of the single-modal models and human experts. A comprehensive SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) is provided to offer deep insights into model predictions. Our findings reveal the complementary interplay between evlRNA and image-based characteristics, underscoring the significance of integrating diverse modalities in diagnosing early-stage LUAD.
Resistant starch intake facilitates weight loss in humans by reshaping the gut microbiota
Authors: Li Huating , Zhang Lei , Li Jun , Wu Qian , Qian Lingling , He Junsheng , Ni Yueqiong , Kovatcheva-Datchary Petia , Yuan Rui , Liu Shuangbo , Shen Li , Zhang Mingliang , Sheng Bin , Li Ping , Kang Kang , Wu Liang , Fang Qichen , Long Xiaoxue , Wang Xiaolin , Li Yanli , Ye Yaorui , Ye Jianping , Bao Yuqian , Zhao Yueliang , Xu Guowang , Liu Xinyu , Panagiotou Gianni , Xu Aimin , Jia Weiping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that modulation of gut microbiota by dietary fibre may offer solutions for metabolic disorders. In a randomized placebo-controlled crossover design trial (ChiCTR-TTRCC-13003333) in 37 participants with overweight or obesity, we test whether resistant starch (RS) as a dietary supplement influences obesity-related outcomes. Here, we show that RS supplementation for 8 weeks can help to achieve weight loss (mean −2.8 kg) and improve insulin resistance in individuals with excess body weight. The benefits of RS are associated with changes in gut microbiota composition. Supplementation with Bifidobacterium adolescentis, a species that is markedly associated with the alleviation of obesity in the study participants, protects male mice from diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, the RS-induced changes in the gut microbiota alter the bile acid profile, reduce inflammation by restoring the intestinal barrier and inhibit lipid absorption. We demonstrate that RS can facilitate weight loss at least partially through B. adolescentis and that the gut microbiota is essential for the action of RS.
Marine heatwaves and cold spells in the Brazil Overshoot show distinct sea surface temperature patterns depending on the forcing
Authors: Liu Hao , Nie Xunwei , Shi Junqiang , Wei Zexun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Brazil Current Overshoot regions feature the strongest sea surface temperature variations over the global ocean but forecast skill for these extreme variations is limited. Here we investigate the drivers of marine heatwaves and cold spells in this region and find that ocean flows and sea surface heat fluxes are the primary drivers. We also find that sea surface temperature extremes driven by air-sea heat fluxes produce consistent changes in sea surface temperature and related atmospheric variables over a wide horizontal area, whereas ocean flow-driven sea surface temperature extremes exhibit low consistency in air variables and limited consistency in the spatial extent of sea variables across most sea surface temperature extreme events. These differing air-sea characteristics associated with extremes driven by different drivers offer potential avenues for improving prediction skills and advancing the understanding of three-dimensional air-sea impacts associated with extreme events.
Processing of Plural Marking in Nouns by German-Speaking Children With Normal Hearing and Children With Cochlear Implants: An Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Grandon Bénédicte , Schlechtweg Marcel , Ruigendijk Esther 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
Our goal is to understand how the different types of plural marking are understood and processed by children with cochlear implants (CIs): (a) how does salience affect the processing of plural marking, (b) how is this processing affected by the incomplete signal provided by the CIs, and (c) is it linked to individual factors such as chronological age, vocabulary development, and phonological working memory?

Method:
Sixteen children with CIs and 30 age-matched children with normal hearing (NH) participated in an eye-tracking study. Their task was to choose the corresponding picture to an auditorily presented singular or plural noun. Accuracy, reaction time, and gaze fixation were measured and analyzed with mixed-effect models.

Results:
Group differences were found in accuracy but not in reaction time or gaze fixation. Plural processing is qualitatively similar in children with CIs and children with NH, with more difficulties in processing plurals involving stem-vowel changes and less with those involving suffixes. Age effects indicate that processing abilities still evolve between 5 and 11 years, and processing is further linked to lexical development.

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that early implantation seems to be beneficial for the acquisition of plural as indicated by very small between-group differences in processing and comprehension. Processing is furthermore affected by the type of material (i.e., phonetic, phonological, or morphological) used to mark plural and less so by their segmental salience. Our study emphasizes the need to take into account the form of the linguistic material in future investigations at higher levels of processing.
Social Communication and Parent Verbal Responsiveness Across Interaction Contexts in Toddlers on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Delehanty Abigail , Lorio Ciera M. , Romano Mollie , Brown Jennifer A. , Woods Juliann J. , Wetherby Amy M. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

Interactions with caregivers during the ordinary activities that occur as families go about their everyday lives are critical to supporting children's acquisition of social communication and language skills. The purpose of this study was to examine child communication and parent verbal responsiveness across interaction contexts in 211 children (
M
age
=
20 months) on the autism spectrum (
n
= 121), with developmental delay (
n
= 46), or with typical development (
n
= 44).

Method:
Families participated in up to eight activities during an hour-long, video-recorded home observation. We tested differences in the strength of associations between diagnostic group and interaction context using linear mixed-effects models, with child rate per minute of communication and proportions of parent follow-in comments and directives as outcome variables. Child communicative functions expressed across contexts were also examined.

Results:
Children across groups communicated at significantly higher rates per minute during book sharing and play with people compared to other interaction contexts. Most child communication was for the function of joint attention during book sharing, for social interaction during play with people, and for behavior regulation during necessary activities such as family chores and meals. On average, parents of children responded using proportionally more follow-in comments during book sharing and play compared to necessary activities, during which parents used more follow-in directives.

Conclusion:
Results provide a glimpse into the dyadic communication that may occur within everyday activities at home, which supports the need for future intervention research and may aid clinicians seeking to identify activities that serve as important contexts for intervention.
Pre-supernova stellar feedback in nearby starburst dwarf galaxies
Authors: Rowland Lucie E. , McLeod Anna F. , Fattahi Azadeh , Belfiore Francesco , Cresci Giovanni , Hunt Leslie , Krumholz Mark , Kumari Nimisha , Marasco Antonino , Venturi Giacomo 
Published: February 2024

Context. Stellar feedback in dwarf galaxies remains, to date, poorly explored, yet is crucial to understanding galaxy evolution in the early Universe. In particular, pre-supernova feedback has recently been found to play a significant role in regulating and disrupting star formation in larger spiral galaxies, but it remains uncertain if it also plays this role in dwarfs.
Aims. We study the ionised gas properties and stellar content of individual star-forming regions across three nearby, low-metallicity (12 + log(O/H)∼7.5), dwarf (M* ∼ 40 × 106 M⊙), starburst (log(SFR)∼ − 2.8) galaxies (J0921, KKH046, and Leo P) to investigate how massive stars influence their surroundings and how this influence changes as a function of environment.
Methods. We extracted integrated spectra of 30 HII regions from archival VLT/MUSE integral field spectroscopic observations of these three dwarf starburst galaxies. We fitted the HII regions’ main emission lines with Gaussian profiles to derive their oxygen abundances, electron densities, and luminosities, and we used the Stochastically Ligthing Up Galaxies (SLUG) code to derive the stellar mass, age, and bolometric luminosity of the stellar populations driving the HII regions. We quantified two pre-supernova stellar feedback mechanisms, namely the direct radiation pressure and photoionisation feedback, and explored how feedback strength varies with HII region properties.
Results. Our findings suggest that stellar feedback has less of an impact on evolved regions, with both the pressure of the ionised gas and the direct radiation pressure decreasing as a function of HII region size (i.e. the evolutionary stage). We find that these stellar feedback mechanisms are also dependent on the metallicity of the HII regions. These findings extend results from stellar feedback studies of more massive star-forming galaxies to the low-mass, low-metallicity regime. In addition, we conclude that the use of stochastic stellar population models significantly affects the relationships found between feedback-related pressure terms and HII region properties, and in particular that non-stochastic models can severely underestimate the bolometric luminosity of low-mass stellar populations.
Energy spectra of energetic neutral hydrogen backscattered and sputtered from the lunar regolith by the solar wind
Authors: Wieser M. , Williamson H. , Wieser G. Stenberg , Barabash S. , Zhang A. , Wang C. , Wang W. 
Published: February 2024

Context. The solar wind impinging on the lunar surface results in the emission of energetic neutral atoms. This particle population is one of the sources of the lunar exosphere.
Aims. We present a semi-empirical model to describe the energy spectra of the neutral emitted atoms.
Methods. We used data from the Advanced Small Analyzer for Neutrals (ASAN) on board the Yutu-2 rover of the Chang’E-4 mission to calculate high-resolution average energy spectra of the energetic neutral hydrogen flux from the surface. We then constructed a semi-empirical model to describe these spectra.
Results. Excellent agreement between the model and the observed energetic neutral hydrogen data was achieved. The model is also suitable for describing heavier neutral species emitted from the surface.
Conclusions. A semi-analytical model describing the energy spectrum of energetic neutral atoms emitted from the lunar surface has been developed and validated by data obtained from the lunar surface.
Beyond substantiality and illusion: the problem of the self in Buddhist constructivism
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ping Xianjie , Chen Wei , Dong Da 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe notion of the “Self” is one of the most critical issues in contemporary cognitive science. Whether the self is a single and independent real entity or a collection of constantly changing experiences has been at the core of debates between the substance theory and the illusion theory. Compared to the neglect of this issue in Western tradition studies, the meticulous practice of mindfulness/awareness in Eastern research traditions has long focused on this contradiction. This paper navigates the intricate dimensions of the “Self” by weaving together the Oriental framework of the five aggregates with the Middle Way, the principles of constructivism, and the empirical methodologies of experimental philosophy. This approach bridges the gap by synthesizing introspective first-person experiences with objective third-person scientific observations to enrich the understanding of self-constructivism. The implications of these findings extend into the practical realms of psychology and philosophy, offering a scaffold for future research to elucidate the multifaceted nature of the self further.