bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histomorphometric analysis of an adolescent distal tibial physis prior to growth plate closure
Authors: White Jeremy Russell , Wilsman Norman J. , Leiferman Ellen M. , Noonan Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2008

Purpose Our current understanding of the rate and pattern of physeal closure is based on roentgenographic, magnetic resonance imaging, and qualitative histological studies. The purpose of this report is to provide a detailed histomorphometric/stereological analysis of a distal tibial human growth plate in the process of physiological epiphysiodesis. Methods A human distal tibial growth plate was sampled in three regions (anterior, central, and posterior), with each region further separated medially, in the middle, and laterally. The regions were assessed for the location and extent of bony bar formation as well as for physeal height. Companion sections from optimally fixed tissue in the distal 100 µm of the hypertrophic zone were analyzed for hypertrophic chondrocytic volumes. Results Physis closure started in the middle of the central region of the growth plate, with 46% of the volume in this area occupied by trans-physeal bridging bone. The growth plate was also narrowed with the lowest physeal heights evident in the middle of the central and anterior regions of the physis. Disruption of the regular columns of the physis was evident with the cells arranged in clusters with intervening areas of acellularity. The average hypertrophic cell volume was 5,900 µm3 and did not significantly differ between different areas of the physis. Conclusions This is the first characterization of closure in a human distal tibial growth plate via optimum fixation and stereological techniques. The studied physis was during the earliest phases of closure and provides stereological support that the distal tibial physis closes in a central to medial direction.
IRF2‐binding protein‐1 is a JDP2 ubiquitin ligase and an inhibitor of ATF2‐dependent transcription
Authors: Kimura Makoto 
Published: July 2008

MINT‐6699624:

JDP2 (uniprotkb:Q8WYK2) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Valyl-tRNA synthetase (uniprotkb:P26640), IRF2-BP1 (uniprotkb:Q8IU81), ATF7 (uniprotkb:P17544), EEF1G (uniprotkb:P26641), EEF1A1 (uniprotkb:P68104), JUND (uniprotkb:P17535), JUNB (uniprotkb:P17275), EF1D2 (uniprotkb:P29692) and RPLP0 (uniprotkb:P05388) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007).
MINT‐6699850:

JDP2 (uniprotkb:Q8WYK2) binds (MI:0407) to IRF2-BP1 (uniprotkb:Q8IU81) by pull down (MI:0096).
MINT‐6699684:

JDP2 (uniprotkb:Q8WYK2) physically interacts (MI:0218) with JUNB (uniprotkb:P17275), JUND (uniprotkb:P17535), ATF7 (uniprotkb:P17544) and IRF2-BP1 (uniprotkb:Q8IU81) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007).
MINT‐6699839:

IRF2-BP1 (uniprotkb:Q8IU81) physically interacts (MI:0218) with JDP2 (uniprotkb:Q8WYK2) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006).
MINT‐6699748:

JDP2 (uniprotkb:Q8WYK2) physically interacts (MI:0218) with ATF2 (uniprotkb:P15336) and c-JUN (uniprotkb:P05412) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007).
MINT‐6699865:

ATF2 (uniprotkb:P15336) binds (MI:0407) to IRF2-BP1 (uniprotkb:Q8IU81) by pull down (MI:0096).
Stages of Late Palaeozoic deformation and intrusive activity in the western part of the North Patagonian Massif (southern Argentina) and their geotectonic implications
Authors: VON GOSEN W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAnalyses of structures in the western part of the North Patagonian Massif (southern Argentina) suggest a polyphase evolution, accompanied by continuous intrusive activity. The first two deformations (D1, D2) and metamorphism affected the upper Palaeozoic, partly possibly older Cushamen Formation clastic succession and different intrusive rocks. A second group of intrusions, emplaced after the second deformational episode (D2), in many places contain angular xenoliths of the foliated country rocks, indicating high intrusive levels with brittle fracturing of the crust. Deformation of these magmatic rocks presumably began during (the final stage of) cooling and continued under solid-state conditions. It probably coincided with the third deformational event (D3) in the country rocks. Based on published U–Pb zircon ages of deformed granitoids, the D2-deformation and younger event along with the regional metamorphism are likely to be Permian in age. An onset of the deformational and magmatic history during Carboniferous times, however, cannot be excluded. The estimated ~W–E to NE–SW compression during the D2-deformation, also affecting the first group of intrusive rocks, can be related to subduction beneath the western Patagonia margin or an advanced stage of collisional tectonics within extra-Andean Patagonia. The younger ~N–S to NE–SW compression might have been an effect of oblique subduction in the west and/or continuing collision-related deformation. As a cause for its deviating orientation, younger block rotations during strike-slip faulting cannot be excluded. The previous D2-event presumably also had an effect on compression at the northern Patagonia margin that was interpreted as result of Patagonia's late Palaeozoic collision with the southwestern Gondwana margin. With the recently proposed Carboniferous subduction and collision south of the North Patagonian Massif, the entire scenario might suggest that Patagonia consists of two different pieces that were amalgamated with southwestern Gondwana during Late Palaeozoic times.
Mesozoic non-marine petroleum source rocks determined by palynomorphs in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, northwestern China
Authors: JIANG DE-XIN , WANG YONG-DONG , ROBBINS ELEANORA I. , WEI JIANG , TIAN NING 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Tarim Basin in Northwest China hosts petroleum reservoirs of Cambrian, Ordovician, Carboniferous, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary ages. The sedimentary thickness in the basin reaches about 15 km and with an area of 560000 km2, the basin is expected to contain giant oil and gas fields. It is therefore important to determine the ages and depositional environments of the petroleum source rocks. For prospective evaluation and exploration of petroleum, palynological investigations were carried out on 38 crude oil samples collected from 22 petroleum reservoirs in the Tarim Basin and on additionally 56 potential source rock samples from the same basin. In total, 173 species of spores and pollen referred to 80 genera, and 27 species of algae and fungi referred to 16 genera were identified from the non-marine Mesozoic sources. By correlating the palynormorph assemblages in the crude oil samples with those in the potential source rocks, the Triassic and Jurassic petroleum source rocks were identified. Furthermore, the palynofloras in the petroleum provide evidence for interpretation of the depositional environments of the petroleum source rocks. The affinity of the miospores indicates that the petroleum source rocks were formed in swamps in brackish to lacustrine depositional environments under warm and humid climatic conditions. The palynomorphs in the crude oils provide further information about passage and route of petroleum migration, which is significant for interpreting petroleum migration mechanisms. Additionally, the thermal alternation index (TAI) based on miospores indicates that the Triassic and Jurassic deposits in the Tarim Basin are mature petroleum source rocks.
Gabbro, plagiogranite and associated dykes in the supra-subduction zone Evros Ophiolites, NE Greece
Authors: BONEV NIKOLAY , STAMPFLI GÉRARD 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe incomplete Evros ophiolites in NE Greece form a NE–SW-oriented discontinuous belt in the Alpine orogen of the north Aegean. Field data, petrology and geochemistry are presented here for the intrusive section and associated mafic dykes of these ophiolites. Bodies of high-level isotropic gabbro and plagiogranite in the ophiolite suite are cross-cut by NE–SW-trending boninitic and tholeiitic–boninitic affinity dykes, respectively. The dykes fill tensile fractures or faults, which implies dyke emplacement in an extensional tectonic regime. The tholeiitic–transitional boninitic gabbro is REE- and HFS-depleted relative to N-MORB, indicating derivation from melting of a refractory mantle peridotite source. Associated boninitic dykes are slightly LREE-enriched, showing mineral and whole-rock geochemistry similar to the gabbro. The plagiogranite is a strongly REE-enriched high-silica trondhjemite, with textures and composition typical for an oceanic crust differentiate. Plagiogranite-hosted tholeiitic and transitional boninitic dykes are variably REE-enriched. Geochemical modelling indicates origin of the plagiogranite by up to 75 % fractional crystallization of basaltic magma similar to that producing the associated tholeiitic dykes. All mafic rocks have high LILE/HFSE ratios and negative Ta–Nb–Ti and Ce anomalies, typical for subduction zone-related settings. The mafic rocks show a similar trace-element character to the mafic lavas of an extrusive section in Bulgaria, suggesting they both form genetically related intrusive and extrusive suites of the Evros ophiolites. The field occurrence, the structural context, the petrology and geochemical signature of the studied magmatic assemblage provide evidence for its origin in a proto-arc (fore-arc) tectonic setting, thus tracing the early stages of the tectono-magmatic evolution of Jurassic arc-marginal basin system that has generated the supra-subduction type Evros ophiolites.
The phenomenology of inner speech: comparison of schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations and healthy controls
Authors: Langdon R. , Jones S. R. , Connaughton E. , Fernyhough C. 
Published: July 2008

BackgroundDespite the popularity of inner-speech theories of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), little is known about the phenomenological qualities of inner speech in patients with schizophrenia who experience AVHs (Sz-AVHs), or how this compares to inner speech in the non-voice-hearing general population.MethodWe asked Sz-AVHs (n=29) and a non-voice-hearing general population sample (n=42) a series of questions about their experiences of hearing voices, if present, and their inner speech.ResultsThe inner speech reported by patients and controls was found to be almost identical in all respects. Furthermore, phenomenological qualities of AVHs (e.g. second- or third-person voices) did not relate to corresponding qualities in inner speech.ConclusionsNo discernable differences were found between the inner speech reported by Sz-AVHs and healthy controls. Implications for inner-speech theories of AVHs are discussed.
A comparison of neurocognitive impairment in younger and older adults with major depression
Authors: Thomas A. J. , Gallagher P. , Robinson L. J. , Porter R. J. , Young A. H. , Ferrier I. N. , O'Brien J. T. 
Published: July 2008

BackgroundNeurocognitive impairment is a well-recognized feature of depression that has been reported in younger and older adults. Similar deficits occur with ageing and it is unclear whether the greater deficits in late-life depression are an ageing-related phenomenon or due to a difference in the nature of late-life depression itself. We hypothesized that ageing alone would not fully explain the increased neurocognitive impairment in late-life depression but that differences in the illness explain the greater decrements in memory and executive function.MethodComparison of the neuropsychological performance of younger (<60 years) and older (⩾60 years) adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy comparison subjects. Scores for each depression group were normalized against their respective age-matched control group and the primary comparisons were on four neurocognitive domains: (i) attention and executive function; (ii) verbal learning and memory; (iii) visuospatial learning and memory; and (iv) motor speed.ResultsWe recruited 75 subjects with MDD [<60 years (n=44), ⩾60 years (n=31)] and 82 psychiatrically healthy comparison subjects [<60 years (n=42), ⩾60 years (n=40)]. The late-life depression group had greater impairment in verbal learning and memory and motor speed but not in executive function. The two depressed groups did not differ in depression severity, global cognitive function, intelligence or education.ConclusionsLate-life depression is associated with more severe impairment in verbal learning and memory and motor speed than depression in earlier adult life and this is not due to ageing alone.
Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome: anin vivoMRI study
Authors: Beacher F. , Daly E. , Simmons A. , Prasher V. , Morris R. , Robinson C. , Lovestone S. , Murphy K. , Murphy D. G. M. 
Published: July 2008

BackgroundIndividuals with Down's syndrome (DS) are at high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, few studies have investigated brain anatomy in DS individuals with AD.MethodWe compared whole brain anatomy, as measured by volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in DS individuals with and without AD. We also investigated whether volumetric differences could reliably classify DS individuals according to AD status. We used volumetric MRI and manual tracing to examine regional brain anatomy in 19 DS adults with AD and 39 DS adults without AD.ResultsDS individuals with AD had significantly smaller corrected volumes bilaterally of the hippocampus and caudate, and right amygdala and putamen, and a significantly larger corrected volume of left peripheral cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), compared to DS individuals without AD. The volume of the hippocampus and caudate nucleus correctly categorized 92% and 92% respectively of DS individuals without AD, and 75% and 80% respectively of DS individuals with AD.ConclusionsDS individuals with AD have significant medial temporal and striatal volume reductions, and these may provide markers of clinical AD.
Cognitive behaviour therapy for violent men with antisocial personality disorder in the community: an exploratory randomized controlled trial
Authors: Davidson K. M. , Tyrer P. , Tata P. , Cooke D. , Gumley A. , Ford I. , Walker A. , Bezlyak V. , Seivewright H. , Robertson H. , Crawford M. J. 
Published: July 2008

BackgroundLittle information exists on treatment effectiveness in antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). We investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of carrying out a randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in men with ASPD who were aggressive.MethodThis was an exploratory two-centre, randomized controlled trial in a community setting. Fifty-two adult men with a diagnosis of ASPD, with acts of aggression in the 6 months prior to the study, were randomized to either treatment as usual (TAU) plus CBT, or usual treatment alone. Change over 12 months of follow-up was assessed in the occurrence of any act of aggression and also in terms of alcohol misuse, mental state, beliefs and social functioning.ResultsThe follow-up rate was 79%. At 12 months, both groups reported a decrease in the occurrence of any acts of verbal or physical aggression. Trends in the data, in favour of CBT, were noted for problematic drinking, social functioning and beliefs about others.ConclusionsCBT did not improve outcomes more than usual treatment for men with ASPD who are aggressive and living in the community in this exploratory study. However, the data suggest that a larger study is required to fully assess the effectiveness of CBT in reducing aggression, alcohol misuse and improving social functioning and view of others. It is feasible to carry out a rigorous randomized controlled trial in this group.
Do risk factors for suicidal behavior differ by affective disorder polarity?
Authors: Fiedorowicz J. G. , Leon A. C. , Keller M. B. , Solomon D. A. , Rice J. P. , Coryell W. H. 
Published: July 2008

BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death and has been strongly associated with affective disorders. The influence of affective disorder polarity on subsequent suicide attempts or completions and any differential effect of suicide risk factors by polarity were assessed in a prospective cohort.MethodParticipants with major affective disorders in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative Depression Study (CDS) were followed prospectively for up to 25 years. A total of 909 participants meeting prospective diagnostic criteria for major depressive and bipolar disorders were followed through 4204 mood cycles. Suicidal behavior was defined as suicide attempts or completions. Mixed-effects, grouped-time survival analysis assessed risk of suicidal behavior and differential effects of risk factors for suicidal behavior by polarity. In addition to polarity, the main effects of age, gender, hopelessness, married status, prior suicide attempts and active substance abuse were modeled, with mood cycle as the unit of analysis.ResultsAfter controlling for age of onset, there were no differences in prior suicide attempts by polarity although bipolar participants had more prior severe attempts. During follow-up, 40 cycles ended in suicide and 384 cycles contained at least one suicide attempt. Age, hopelessness and active substance abuse but not polarity predicted suicidal behavior. The effects of risk factors did not differ by polarity.ConclusionsBipolarity does not independently influence risk of suicidal behavior or alter the influence of well-established suicide risk factors within affective disorders. Suicide risk assessment strategies may continue to appraise these common risk factors without regard to mood polarity.
Simultaneous tracking and stabilization of an omnidirectional mobile robot in polar coordinates: a unified control approach
Authors: Huang Hsu-Chih , Tsai Ching-Chih 
Published: July 2008

SUMMARYThis paper presents a polar-space kinematics control method to achieve simultaneous tracking and stabilization for an omnidirectional wheeled mobile robot with three independent driving omnidirectional wheels equally spaced at 120° from one another. The kinematic model of the robot in polar coordinates is presented. With the kinematic model, a kinematic control method based on feedback linearization is proposed in order to achieve simultaneous tracking and stabilization. The proposed method is easily extended to address the path following problem. Computer simulations and experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed control method at slow speeds.
The Miracle of Generative Violence? René Girard and the Use of Force in International Law
Authors: NOLL GREGOR 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this article, I apply René Girard's theory of generative violence to the international law relating to the use of force. I argue that texts of international law make gestures of referral towards an immanent normativity on the fettering of divine violence. The means to this end is a form of sacrificial violence that seeks to promote the preservation and cohesion of the ‘international community’. The structuring of this violence through international law and its repeated staging reproduces the relationship of prophecy to miracle. Empirically, I draw mainly on excerpts from the 2006 US National Security Strategy.
Intergovernmental Organizations as Disseminators, Legitimators, and Disguisers of Hegemonic Policy Preferences: The United States, the International Whaling Commission, and the Introduction of a Moratorium on Commercial Whaling
Authors: SCOTT SHIRLEY V. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe recognized benefits to a hegemon of working through an intergovernmental organization (IGO) include legitimating its policy preferences, disseminating them with efficiency, and promoting stability. While most would agree that international law is important in this process, it is less easy to map exactly how international law fulfils this role. Using the cognitive structures of co-operation (CSC) approach to the political interpretation of multilateral treaties, this article demonstrates at a relatively low level of abstraction the way in which a constitutive treaty embeds an ideational structure integral to the political relationships within the IGO. This can serve the interests of the hegemon but may also make it difficult for the hegemon to disseminate a fundamentally changed policy should its preferences alter. This paper uses the CSC theory of treaty interpretation to trace the under-recognized role of the United States in bringing about the 1982 adoption of a moratorium on commercial whaling by the International Whaling Commission.
New Developments Regarding the Rules of Attribution? The International Court of Justice's Decision inBosniav.Serbia
Authors: GRIEBEL JÖRN , PLÜCKEN MILAN 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe article analyses the approach concerning the rules of attribution of conduct to a state followed by the ICJ in theBosniav.Serbiacase, and contrasts it with that of the International Law Commission. How far the Court modified its own jurisprudence in this field of law is also addressed. Moreover, the question will be discussed of whether the standards applied in the Court's decision are appropriate, considering the needs of the international community regarding the harmful action of private actors conspiring with states.
Witness Proofing in International Criminal Tribunals: A Critical Analysis of Widening Procedural Divergence
Authors: KAREMAKER RUBEN , TAYLOR B. DON , PITTMAN THOMAS WAYDE 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWitness proofing – or preparation – is an adjunct of the adversarial criminal trial process. It is also a common practice at the UN international criminal tribunals, where it has been repeatedly challenged, analysed, and endorsed. Recently, a trial chamber at the ICC prohibited the prosecutor from proofing witnesses, seemingly calling upon the institution, at an early stage, to break with the established practice of proofing at the UN international criminal tribunals. This article examines witness proofing in international criminal procedure with the aim of describing and weighing its relative merits, and arguing that proofing – as practised at the UN international criminal tribunals – appears to be a better modality for enhancing the efficiency, integrity, and legitimacy of the truth-seeking function of international criminal trials than does prohibiting the practice.
The Doctrine of Abuse of Process: A Comment on the Cambodia Tribunal's Decisions in the Case against Duch (2007)
Authors: RYNGAERT CEDRIC 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Cambodia Tribunal's co-investigating judges' first order, for the provisional detention of Duch, one of the suspects for the atrocities committed by the regime of Democratic Kampuchea in the 1970s, addresses the application of the doctrines ofmale captus bene detentusand abuse of process. The order, confirmed by the pre-trial chamber, states, relying on those doctrines, that Duch's unreasonably long prior detention, ordered by the Cambodian Military Court, does not bar his provisional detention by the Cambodia Tribunal. This article argues that the order is in accordance with applications of the relevant doctrines by the international criminal tribunals in similar cases, and that, absent involvement of the international or hybrid tribunal, abuse of process can, and should, only be successfully applied in case of torture or serious mistreatment of the suspect.