bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding China’s Influence via Membership: Examining the Influence of Chinese-Led International Institutions on Responses to Human Rights Issues in China
Authors: Kim Hyunkyu , Park Sanghoon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDo Chinese-led international institutions influence human rights discourse in China? Under the leadership of President Xi Jinping, China has spearheaded the establishment of various international institutions, attracting numerous member states. States that participate in Chinese-led international institutions tend to be swayed by China's influence and are more cautious when addressing sensitive issues concerning China. Additionally, they are more likely to adopt a favorable stance towards Chinese human rights issues compared to those that are not affiliated with these institutions. This paper examines how membership in international institutions led by China affects state responses to human rights issues in China. We leverage recommendations on Chinese human rights made in the United Nations Universal Periodic Review (UN UPR) between 2009 and 2018 in two steps. First, we utilize multinomial logistic regression models to determine which choices the reviewers prefer with respect to the UN UPR recommendations: not sending, sending praising, neutral, or shaming. Second, using ordinal logistic regression models, we investigate which types of recommendations reviewers are more likely to send to China if they decide to send them. Our findings show that reviewers with greater involvement in Chinese-led international institutions are more likely to send recommendations to China, which contradicts our first hypothesis. However, reviewers are more prone to make praising recommendations, aligning with our second hypothesis.
Overdose from Unintentional Fentanyl Use when Intending to Use a Non-opioid Substance: An Analysis of Medically Attended Opioid Overdose Events
Authors: Bazazi Alexander R. , Low Patrick , Gomez Bryson O. , Snyder Hannah , Hom Jeffrey K. , Soran Christine S. , Zevin Barry , Mason Michael , Graterol Joseph , Coffin Phillip O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFentanyl-mixed and substituted heroin is well-documented, but less is known about unintentional fentanyl use among people using stimulants. To determine the prevalence of and racial and ethnic disparities in unintentional fentanyl use among people experiencing a medically attended opioid overdose, we reviewed 448 suspected non-fatal overdose cases attended by a community paramedic overdose response team in San Francisco from June to September 2022. We applied a case definition for opioid overdose to paramedic records and abstracted data on intended substance use prior to overdose. Among events meeting case criteria with data on intended substance use, intentional opioid use was reported by 57.3%, 98.0% of whom intended to use fentanyl. No intentional opioid use was reported by 42.7%, with most intending to use stimulants (72.6%), including methamphetamine and cocaine. No intentional opioid use was reported by 58.5% of Black, 52.4% of Latinx, and 28.8% of White individuals (p = 0.021), and by 57.6% of women and 39.5% of men (p = 0.061). These findings suggest that unintentional fentanyl use among people without opioid tolerance may cause a significant proportion of opioid overdoses in San Francisco. While intentional fentanyl use might be underreported, the magnitude of self-reported unintentional use merits further investigation to confirm this phenomenon, explore mechanisms of use and disparities by race and ethnicity, and deploy targeted overdose prevention interventions.
Five new species of Pseudosperma (Inocybaceae, Agaricales) from Benin and Turkey based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence
Authors: Kaygusuz Oğuzhan , Bandini Ditte , Rühl Adrian , Sarawi Sepas , Yorou Nourou S. , Piepenbring Meike 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpecies of Pseudosperma (Inocybaceae) are widely distributed from temperate to tropical regions. In this study, we describe and illustrate five new species of Pseudosperma: P. beninense, P. cremeo-ochraceum, P. squarrosofulvum, P. stramineum, and P. tiliae, based on comprehensive analyses of morphological and molecular data derived from specimens collected in Benin (West Africa) and Turkey (Western Eurasia). These new species have been found in forests with Isoberlinia spp. and other ectomycorrhizal tree species in Benin and in association with Tilia platyphyllos in Turkey. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species were inferred through analyses of nuclear rDNA sequences, encompassing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S rDNA, and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) region. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that P. beninense, P. cremeo-ochraceum, P. squarrosofulvum, and P. stramineum from Benin cluster with species from Australia, China, and India within a clade formed exclusively by species known from the palaeotropics and Australia, whereas P. tiliae from Turkey clustered with P. mediterraneum from Italy. Detailed descriptions are provided, supplemented by illustrations and line drawings of key micromorphological features. In addition, a comparative analysis with morphologically similar and phylogenetically closely related species is presented and discussed in detail.
Characteristics of phthalate concentrations in propellant- and trigger-type consumer spray products
Authors: Hwang Sung Ho , Oh Gi Taek , Park Jeung Yeon , Lee Kiyoung , Zho Kyung-Duk , Yoon Chungsik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to evaluate the bulk sample concentration and airborne concentrations of phthalate in different types of propellent and triggers in consumer spray products and estimate health risk assessment via inhalation. First, the phthalate concentrations were analyzed in the solutions of all products 174 from markets. Then, among 64 products containing phthalates, 10 propellant-type products were selected that contained high phthalate concentrations; airborne concentrations were measured at distances of 1, 3, and 5 m from the spray nozzle in a clean room. Four phthalates were detected in spray products: diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Among propellant-type products, repellents contained the highest mean concentrations (3.90 ppm), whereas sterilized products contained the lowest mean concentrations (0.59 ppm). Among trigger-type products, cleaning products contained the highest mean concentrations (4.54 ppm), whereas coating products contained the lowest mean concentrations (0.73 ppm). In both propellant- and trigger-type products, DnBP and DEHP exceeded the standard set by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of South Korea. No significant patterns were observed for the airborne DiBP, DnBP, and DEHP concentrations at 1, 3, and 5 m (p > 0.05). Children were one of the population groups most susceptible to health risks. Overall, phthalates were detected in both product solutions and the air in consumer spray products; some even exceeded safe limits. Therefore, consumer spray products should be used in well-ventilated areas to avoid respiratory exposure.
Investigation of accumulation of element contents in some wild and cultivated dried fruits
Authors: AlJuhaimi Fahad , Kulluk Duygu Akçay , Ahmed Isam Ali Mohamed , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Karrar Emad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, the moisture and biogenic element quantities of most wild and cultivated edible dried fruits were investigated. Macroelements found in highest amounts in fruits were K, P, Ca, and Mg. While K quantities of the fruits are recorded between 5212.77 (“white myrtle”) and 25550.60 mg/kg (“black nightshade”), P amounts of the fruits were characterized to be between 949.08 (black myrtle) and 4420.75 mg/kg (“black nightshade”). Ca and Mg amounts of the fruits were assessed to be between 359.83 (plum) and 4330.89 mg/kg (“yellow hawthorn”) to 214.98 (plum) and 1852.04 mg/kg (“black nightshade”), respectively. Fe and B quantities of the fruitss were established to be between 2.69 (“black myrtle”) and 60.13 mg/kg (cherry) to 3.76 (“black myrtle”) and 76.25 mg/kg (sour cherry), respectively. In general, except for white and black myrtle fruits, it is thought that other fruits can be good sources of P, K, and Fe. P contents of “laurel cherry,” “cherry,” “black nightshade,” and “Fragrant black grapes” were found partly high than those of other fruits. “Cherry laurel,” “sour cherry,” “cherry,” “pear,” “black nightshade,” “black fig,” and “hawthorn (yellow)” fruits contain more K than other fruits.
Graphical Abstract
In this study, the degree of accumulation of macro-, micro element contents of some wild and culktivated fruits was investigated.
Spatio-temporal evaluation of physico-chemical parameters of snow-fed River Poonch in Northwest Himalayan region of India
Authors: Ahmed Waqar , Ahmed Imtiaz , Dar Nazir Ahmad , Farah Mohammad Abul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe rapid deterioration of freshwater ecosystems, particularly rivers, has threatened many living organisms, including human beings. In order to comprehend and maintain the well-being of a river ecosystem, it is important to assess the spatial and temporal variations in its physico-chemical parameters. The aim of the present study was to examine spatial and temporal physico-chemical parameters of snow-fed River Poonch in the Northwest Himalayas from July 2021 to June 2023. In order to generate precise and reliable data, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, Pearson correlation, linear regression, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to analyse a total of fifteen physico-chemical parameters of the river. Significant (p < 0.05) differences spatio-temporally in physico-chemical parameters were found through one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test. Pearson correlation revealed that majority of the examined physico-chemical parameters exhibited a robust positive association (r > 0.70) in most cases, apart from DO (r ≥  − 0.80). Linear regression indicated significant (p < 0.05) associations among various physico-chemical parameters, which were substantial both in nature and size, with a coefficient of determination (r2 > 0.70) in most of the cases. PCA showed that physico-chemical parameters such as AT, WT, EC, TDS, FCO2, TA, TH, NO2-N, NO3-N, TP, SO42− and F− were significant for the determination of qualitative characteristics of River Poonch. In CA, two distinct clusters, viz. Cluster-I consisting of Site-III, downstream site prone to pollution and Cluster-II consisting of Site-II and Site-I, mid and upstream sites, respectively, less prone to pollution were obtained. The results of the study revealed that the water quality parameters were found well within the recommended ranges, suggesting that they are conducive for the existence of inhabitant fish species, which influence the local economy of the region.
Retrospective observational cohort study of laparoscopic surgical strategies for gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Enomoto Takeharu , Mikami Shinya , Otsubo Takehito , Hiwatari Masaki , Tsukamoto Yoshitsugu , Hisatsune Yasuhito , Shimada Jin , Matsushita Tsunehisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLaparoscopic surgery has been used to treat gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs). Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) has been used when subtotal resection has been difficult, which enabled resection of these tumors. In this study, we reviewed the medical records of patients with gastric SMTs who underwent laparoscopic surgery in our hospital with the aim of reporting the surgical indications, procedures (especially for LECS), and outcomes of surgery. This study involved 55 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery between April 2014 and March 2021. We classified the patients into two groups: laparoscopy-assisted surgery group (non-LECS group, n = 30) and LECS group (n = 25). LECS was performed in the upper stomach, in the greater curvature of the lower stomach, and in both intraluminal and intramural locations in the middle stomach. Non-LECS was selected for extraluminal and intramural tumors in the greater curvature of the upper stomach. There were no severe complications associated with the operation. There was one postoperative complication in the LECS group. The length of postoperative hospital stay did not significantly differ between the LECS and non-LECS groups. We reported the surgical procedures for gastric SMTs in our hospital. It is essential to make full use of the multiple techniques reported in this article and examine the location of the tumor to avoid excess or insufficient resection. Our review of the present case series allowed us to select the appropriate surgical approach for gastric SMTs based on the lesion location and type of development.
Comparison of the efficacy, safety and postoperative quality of life between modified side overlap anastomosis and double-tract anastomosis after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy
Authors: Wu Chu-Ying , Zhong Wen-Jin , Ye Kai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the surgical safety and postoperative quality of life (QOL) between side overlap anastomosis (SOA) and double-tract anastomosis (DTA) after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 43 patients with proximal gastric cancer (PGC) who underwent LPG and were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University between August 2020 and December 2022 were in. Their clinical and follow-up data were collected. The patients were divided into the modified SOA (mSOA) (n = 20) and DTA (n = 23) groups based on the anastomosis methods used. The main outcome measures included the QOL of patients 1 year after surgery, and the evaluation criteria were based on the postgastrectomy syndrome assessment scale. Secondary outcome measures included intraoperative and postoperative conditions, postoperative long-term complications and nutritional status 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery.

Results
No significant differences were observed in intraoperative and postoperative conditions (P > 0.05) between the mSOA and DTA groups. The mSOA group showed a decreased incidence of reflux esophagitis 1 year after surgery compared with the DTA group (P < 0.05), and no statistically significant differences were noticed between the two groups in terms of other postoperative complications (P > 0.05). The mSOA group showed better QOL when compared with the DTA group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were recorded in postoperative nutritional status between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The efficacy and safety of LPG with mSOA for PGC were comparable. When compared with the DTA group, the mSOA group seems to show reduced incidence of gastroesophageal reflux and improved QOL, which makes mSOA one of the ideal surgical methods for PGC.
Propensity-score matched outcomes of resection of stage IV primary colon cancer with and without simultaneous resection of liver metastases
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Zhou Peige , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere is controversy in the best management of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CLM). This study aimed to compare short-term and survival outcomes of simultaneous resection of CLM and primary colon cancer compared to resection of only colon cancer. This retrospective matched cohort study included patients from the National Cancer Database (2015–2019) with stage IV colon adenocarcinoma and synchronous liver metastases who underwent colectomy. Patients were divided into two groups: colectomy-only (resection of primary colon cancer only) and colectomy-plus (simultaneous resection of primary colon cancer and liver metastases). The groups were matched using the propensity score method. The primary outcome was short-term mortality and readmission. Secondary outcomes were conversion, hospital stay, surgical margins, and overall survival. 4082 (37.6%) of 10,862 patients underwent simultaneous resection of primary colon cancer and liver metastases. After matching, 2038 patients were included in each group. There were no significant differences between the groups in 30-days mortality (3.1% vs 3.8%, p = 0.301), 90-days (6.6% vs 7.7%, p = 0.205) mortality, 30-days unplanned readmission (7.2% vs 5.3%, p = 0.020), or conversion to open surgery (15.5% vs. 13.8%, p = 0.298). Patients in the colectomy plus group had a higher rate of lower incidence of positive surgical margins (13.2% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.001) and longer overall survival (median: 41.5 vs 28.4 months, p < 0.001). Synchronous resection of CLM did not increase the rates of short-term mortality, readmission, conversion from minimally invasive to open surgery, or hospital stay and was associated with a lower incidence of positive surgical margins.
K-flatness in Grothendieck categories: application to quasi-coherent sheaves
Authors: Estrada Sergio , Gillespie James , Odabaşi Sinem 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLet $$(\mathcal {G},\otimes )$$

(
G
,
⊗
)

be any closed symmetric monoidal Grothendieck category. We show that K-flat covers exist universally in the category of chain complexes and that the Verdier quotient of $$K(\mathcal {G})$$

K
(
G
)

by the K-flat complexes is always a well generated triangulated category. Under the further assumption that $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
has a set of $$\otimes$$
⊗
-flat generators we can show more: (i) The category is in recollement with the $$\otimes$$
⊗
-pure derived category and the usual derived category, and (ii) The usual derived category is the homotopy category of a cofibrantly generated and monoidal model structure whose cofibrant objects are precisely the K-flat complexes. We also give a condition guaranteeing that the right orthogonal to K-flat is precisely the acyclic complexes of $$\otimes$$
⊗
-pure injectives. We show this condition holds for quasi-coherent sheaves over a quasi-compact and semiseparated scheme.
Stochastic uncertain lubrication in gear transmission subjected to tribodynamic loading
Authors: Chen Zhou , Sha Haiming , Li Sheng , Tong Zheming , Tong Shuiguang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA stochastic uncertain tribodynamic model is established for a spur gear pair for the first time. The stochastic uncertainty of pinion rotation speed propagated to lubrication performance is investigated. The probability density function of the minimum lubricant film thickness hmin evolves over time periodically at interval of an engagement process. Correspondence between abrupt increase in meshing force and amplification of hmin uncertainty is found. Robust and reliable lubrication performance can be achieved by suppressing the hmin uncertainty and decreasing the lubrication failure probability. This can be done by increasing lubricant viscosity, and decreasing input torque and uncertainty level of input rotation speed. This work lays a solid foundation for robust and reliability based optimization for tribodynamic gear system.
Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) am Arbeitsplatz
Authors: Stockreiter D. , Reuss F. , Holzgreve F. , Germann U. , Oremek G. , Ohlendorf D. , Wanke E. M. 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) betrifft etwa 3,4 % der erwachsenen Bevölkerung. Es handelt sich hierbei um eine psychische Erkrankung, die durch die Kernsymptome Unaufmerksamkeit, Hyperaktivität und Impulsivität gekennzeichnet ist. Die Beeinträchtigung wirkt sich auf mehrere Lebensbereiche aus und spielt insofern auch bei der Bewältigung des Arbeitsalltags eine wichtige Rolle. Darüber hinaus sind psychische Erkrankungen in der Gesellschaft mit verschiedenen Stigmata verbunden. So erleben auch Menschen mit einer ADHS-Erkrankung eine Stigmatisierung, die sich beispielsweise am Arbeitsplatz bemerkbar macht. Um den Arbeitsalltag positiv zu gestalten, gibt es Handlungsempfehlungen für Betroffene und Vorgesetzte. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Erkrankung, die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen sowie Lösungsansätze für den Umgang am Arbeitsplatz.
Influence of Shallow Foundations on the Response of Steel Wind Towers
Authors: Campione Giuseppe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study, concerning the soil–structure interaction of shallow reinforced concrete foundations of wind towers with circular cross-sections, was determination in a closed form of the monotonic moment–rotation curve of the soil–foundation complex. This study was based on elastic and plastic analyses of shallow rigid foundations assuming a Winkler soil type including the flexibility of the foundation in the elastic range and the nature of the soil (cohesive and non-cohesive types) through corrective factors of the constant of the Winkler model. The flexibility of the foundations influences the moment–rotation response through the initial rotational stiffness with a coefficient between 1 and 0.7 for a width-to-span ratio between 5 and 2. The nature of the soil is considered through corrective factors of 0.75 and 1.3 of the Winkler constant for cohesive and non-cohesive soil, respectively. Analyses carried out stressed that a possible design valued to be adopted in a steel wind tower with shallow foundations is a diameter of the steel tube 1/15 of the height of the tower, a diameter of foundation 0.75 of the length, and a depth of foundation 1/10 of the diameter and thickness of steel tower ratio diameter equal to 1/10. In this range it was observed that the effects of the soil-to-foundation interaction in the elastic range influences the critical length in the stability of the steel wind tower, with values between 2.5 and 2 (column fixed at the base) in a range of Winkler constant between 0.1 and 1 daN/cm3. Finally, an experimental validation of the proposed model was carried out with the data available from the literature.
Influence of Film Thickness on Nanofabrication of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Tang Chuan , Chen Lei , Qian Linmao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNanofabrication of two-dimensional materials through mechanical machining is normally influenced by not only process parameters such as load and velocity but also intrinsic properties such as strength and thickness. Herein, we examined the effects of graphene oxide (GO) film thickness on nanofabrication on the plane surfaces and at the step edges using scanning probe microscope lithography. The material removal of GO initiates at the load above a critical value, which strongly depends on film thickness and locations. With the increase in film thickness, the critical load decreases monotonically on the plane surfaces but increases gradually at the step edges. Further, the critical load for the GO monolayer at the step edges is at least 25 times lower than that on the plane surfaces, and the gap decreases to around 3 times when GO thickness increases to four layers. Then, mechanical nanofabrication initiating from the GO step edge allows producing various nanopatterns under extremely low loads around 1 nN. Finally, the GO nanostructures are deoxidized by annealing at 800 °C in high-purity argon to restore their highly functionalized conjugated structures, which are supported by X-ray diffraction and Raman characterizations. This work provides a novel approach to fabricating graphene-like nanostructures by deoxidizing GO after nanofabrication, which holds significant potential for applications in graphene-based devices.
Graphical Abstract