bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐cooling semen processing and sperm re‐suspension as an alternative method to circumvent poor semen cooling in stallions
Authors: Segabinazzi Lorenzo , Carmo Marcio T. , Freitas‐Dell'Aqua Camila de P. , Alvarenga Marco A. , Papa Frederico O. , Canisso Igor F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundArtificial insemination with cooled‐shipped semen is the primary method used in the equine breeding industry; yet, sperm quality and fertility can be suboptimal for some stallions when standard techniques are used. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop alternative approaches for these stallions.ObjectiveTo assess sperm quality parameters and fertility of cooled‐stored stallion semen processed by SpermFilter® or centrifugation and resuspended in three extenders.Study designControlled and field study.MethodsIn Experiment 1, semen was collected from 21 stallions classified as having good (‘Good‐coolers’, n = 8) or poor (‘Bad‐coolers’, n = 13) semen cooling. The semen was extended at 30 million spermatozoa/mL in a skimmed milk‐based (SM) diluent, and refrigerated for 24 h. Then, the cooled‐stored semen was processed through SpermFilter® or centrifugation, and the resulting sperm pellets were resuspended in SM, SM containing pentoxifylline (SM‐P), or an egg yolk‐based (EY) extender. Unprocessed cooled‐stored semen served as control. Sperm motility parameters, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), and mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP) were assessed in cooled‐semen pre‐ and post‐processing. Experiment 2, cooled semen from 9 stallions classified as Bad‐coolers was used to inseminate 18 embryo donor mares at 66 cycles (Unprocessed, n = 22; SpermFilter®/SM‐P, n = 16; or SpermFilter®/EY, n = 28). Data were analysed with a mixed model and Tukey's as posthoc, and logistic regression.ResultsProcessed semen resuspended in EY had superior sperm motility compared to unprocessed, SM and SM‐P (p < 0.0001). Semen processed by SpermFilter® resuspended in SM‐P was similar to EY (p > 0.05). Pellet resuspension with EY and SM‐P improved the HMMP of Bad‐cooler stallions (p = 0.0010). Semen processed by SpermFilter® had superior PMI to centrifuged semen (p < 0.0001). Mares inseminated with SpermFilter®/SM‐P (50%, 8/16) or SpermFilter®/‐EY (68%, 9/28) had higher pregnancy rates than mares bred with unprocessed semen (14%, 3/22) (p < 0.001).Main limitationsLow number of mares in the fertility trial.ConclusionSperm quality and fertility of Bad‐cooler stallions can be enhanced by SpermFilter® and pellet resuspension with either EY or SM‐P.
A novel professional‐use synergistic peel technology to reduce visible hyperpigmentation on face: Clinical evidence and mechanistic understanding by computational biology and optical biopsy
Authors: Bhardwaj Vinay , Handler Marc Zachary , Mao Junhong , Azadegan Chloe , Panda Pritam K. , Breunig Hans Georg , Wenskus Isabell , Diaz Isabel , König Karsten 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTopicals and chemical peels are the standard of care for management of facial hyperpigmentation. However, traditional therapies have come under recent scrutiny, such as topical hydroquinone (HQ) has some regulatory restrictions, and high concentration trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel pose a risk in patients with skin of colour. The objective of our research was to identify, investigate and elucidate the mechanism of action of a novel TCA‐ and HQ‐free professional‐use chemical peel to manage common types of facial hyperpigmentation. Using computational modelling and in vitro assays on tyrosinase, we identified proprietary multi‐acid synergistic technology (MAST). After a single application on human skin explants, MAST peel was found to be more effective than a commercial HQ peel in inhibiting melanin (histochemical imaging and gene expression). All participants completed the case study (N = 9) without any adverse events. After administration of the MAST peel by a dermatologist, the scoring and VISIA photography reported improvements in hyperpigmentation, texture and erythema, which could be linked to underlying pathophysiological changes in skin after peeling, visualized by non‐invasive optical biopsy of face. Using reflectance confocal microscopy (VivaScope®) and multiphoton tomography (MPTflex™), we observed reduction in melanin, increase in metabolic activity of keratinocytes, and no signs of inflammatory cells after peeling. Subsequent swabbing of the cheek skin found no microbiota dysbiosis resulting from the chemical peel. The strong efficacy with minimum downtime and no adverse events could be linked to the synergistic action of the ingredients in the novel HQ‐ and TCA‐free professional peel technology.
Carcinoma arising in ileal conduit or orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction: A 20‐year single institute experience
Authors: Collins Katrina , Yocum Bianca Puello , Idrees Muhammad T , Saeed Omer 
Published: April 2024

ContextCarcinomas found in urinary diversion specimens are uncommon, particularly new primary tumours. New primary tumours primarily occur when the large intestine is utilised, whereas the occurrence is infrequent with the use of the ileum. These tumours include both the recurrence of primary malignancy or the development of a new primary malignancy originating from the small intestine.DesignA search was performed within the pathology laboratory system to identify cases of malignancies involving ileal conduit/reconstruction from 2002 to 2022. Data on demographics, clinical details, pathology and management was recorded.ResultsA total of 13 male patients, with a mean age of 67 years (range = 49–81 years) were included in the study. The initial procedure performed included cystoprostatectomy (n = 10, including one case with right nephroureterectomy) and cystectomy (n = 3, including one case for bladder exstrophy) for initial diagnoses including urothelial carcinoma (n = 11; conventional, 6; sarcomatoid, 1; glandular 1; plasmacytoid, 1; micropapillary, 2) and adenocarcinoma (n = 1). The initial management included radical surgery with neoadjuvant chemotherapy/immunotherapy (n = 1), adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 3), intravesical adjuvant BCG (n = 2) and intravesical adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 1). Malignancies in ileal conduit or orthotopic ileal neobladder included recurrent urothelial carcinoma (n = 10) and new secondary adenocarcinomas (n = 3), which developed as early as 3 months (usually recurrence) and up to 13, 33 and 45 years (new primary malignancy) following primary resection.ConclusionsUtilising the ileum as conduit/neobladder presents a viable alternative for urinary diversion with a reduced malignancy risk compared to using a segment of the large intestine. However, there remains a potential for malignancy, either tumour recurrence or a new primary malignancy. In our study, tumour recurrence occurred up to 4 years following the initial diagnosis and the development of a new primary malignancy occurred up to 45 years after the initial diagnosis. Consequently, it is crucial to prioritise long‐term follow‐up for these patients undergoing this procedure.
A review on comprehending immunotherapeutic approaches inducing ferroptosis: Managing tumour immunity
Authors: Chattopadhyay Soumyadeep , Hazra Rudradeep , Mallick Arijit , Gayen Sakuntala , Roy Souvik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFerroptosis, a necrotic, iron‐dependent controlled cell death mechanism, is distinguished by the development of lipid peroxides to fatal proportions. Malignant tumours, influenced by iron to promote fast development, are vulnerable to ferroptosis. Based upon mounting evidence it has been observed that ferroptosis may be immunogenic and hence may complement immunotherapies. A new approach includes iron oxide‐loaded nano‐vaccines (IONVs), having supremacy for the traits of the tumour microenvironment (TME) to deliver specific antigens through improving the immunostimulatory capacity by molecular disintegration and reversible covalent bonds that target the tumour cells and induce ferroptosis. Apart from IONVs, another newer approach to induce ferroptosis in tumour cells is through oncolytic virus (OVs). One such oncolytic virus is the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), which can only multiply in cancer cells through the p53‐SLC7A11‐GPX4 pathway that leads to elevated levels of lipid peroxide and intracellular reactive oxygen species leading to the induction of ferroptosis that induce ferritinophagy.
Tissue‐resident memory NK cells: Homing in on local effectors and regulators
Authors: Schuster Iona S. , Andoniou Christopher E. , Degli‐Esposti Mariapia A. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryNatural killer (NK) cells are the prototype innate effector lymphocyte population that plays an important role in controlling viral infections and tumors. Studies demonstrating that NK cells form long‐lived memory populations, akin to those generated by adaptive immune cells, prompted a revaluation of the potential functions of NK cells. Recent data demonstrating that NK cells are recruited from the circulation into tissues where they form long‐lived memory‐like populations further emphasize that NK cells have properties that mirror those of adaptive immune cells. NK cells that localize in non‐lymphoid tissues are heterogeneous, and there is a growing appreciation that immune responses occurring within tissues are subject to tissue‐specific regulation. Here we discuss both the immune effector and immunoregulatory functions of NK cells, with a particular emphasis on the role of NK cells within non‐lymphoid tissues and how the tissue microenvironment shapes NK cell‐dependent outcomes.
Synthesis of ZSM‐5 zeolite from fly ash by one‐pot hydrothermal method for methylene blue removal
Authors: Yu Wenhe , Wu Xiaowen , Mi Ruiyu , Zai Huachao , Fang Minghao , Min Xin , Liu Yangai , Huang Zhaohui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUsing fly ash to synthesize zeolite molecular sieves can improve the reuse value of coal fly ash resources, reduce the synthesis cost of the zeolites, and protect the ecology. A novel approach was proposed to prepare zeolite socony mobil‐5 (ZSM‐5) zeolite via one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis. The mesoporous ZSM‐5 synthesized by adjusting the molar ratio of chemical reagents has higher crystallinity, larger specific surface area, and more adsorption sites. An analysis of methylene blue (MB) adsorption on mesoporous ZSM‐5 was conducted at many different adsorption parameters, including solution concentration, temperature, and duration of adsorption. The Langmuir model can objectively describe the adsorption behavior of MB on ZSM‐5, and the adsorption characteristics of MB on ZSM‐5 are better described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The thermodynamic model provides the adsorption behavior as an endothermic reaction.
The association between serum copper concentration and prevalence of diabetes among US adults with hypertension (NHANES 2011–2016)
Authors: Wu Kaiming , Chen Lixia , Kong Yanyan , Zhuo Jian‐Feng , Sun Qiu , Chang Jianfei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the association between the serum copper concentration and the prevalence of diabetes among US adults with hypertension using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The study population was selected from adults aged over 20 years old in the three survey cycles of NHANES from 2011 to 2016. Logistic regression model analyses were applied to determine the independent risky effect of copper to the prevalence of diabetes. Also, a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was performed to explore the potential nonlinear association between serum copper concentration and the prevalence of diabetes. A total of 1786 subjects (742 cases and 1044 controls) were included, and 924 were men (51.7%), and 742 (41.5%) were diabetic. Compared with non‐diabetic individuals, the concentration of serum copper in diabetic patients with hypertension was higher. After adjusting for age, sex, race, education, marital status, body mass index (BMI), family poverty income ratio (PIR), smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and hyperlipidemia, the highest quartile of serum copper concentration significantly increased the risk of diabetes as compared with the lowest quartile (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.01–1.92, ptrend = 0.036). The results of RCS analysis showed significant non‐linear relationship between serum copper concentration and prevalence of diabetes (p‐non‐linear = 0.010). This study finds that serum copper concentration are significantly associated with risk of diabetes in hypertensive patients, which suggests copper as an important risk factor of diabetes development.
Otolith morphogenesis during the early life stages of fish is temperature‐dependent: Validation by experimental approach applied to European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Mahé Kélig , Clota Frédéric , Blanc Marie Odile , Bled Defruit Geoffrey , Chatain Béatrice , de Pontual Hélène , Amara Rachid , Ernande Bruno 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOtolith shape is often used as a tool in fish stock identification. The goal of this study was to experimentally assess the influence of changing temperature and ontogenic evolution on the shape component of the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) otolith during early‐life stages. A total of 1079 individuals were reared in a water temperature of 16°C up to 232 days post hatch (dph). During this experiment, several specimens were transferred into tanks with a water temperature of 21°C to obtain at the end of this study four different temperature treatments, each with varying ratios between the number of days at 16 and 21°C. To evaluate the otolith morphogenesis, samples were examined at 43, 72, 86 and 100 dph. The evolution of normalized otolith shape from hatching up to 100 dph showed that there were two main successive changes. First, faster growth in the antero‐posterior axis than in the dorso‐ventral axis changed the circular‐shaped otolith from that observed at hatching and, second, increasing the complexity relating to the area between the rostrum and the anti‐rostrum. To test the effect of changing temperature, growing degree‐day was used in three linear mixed‐effect models. Otolith morphogenesis was positively correlated to growing degree‐day, but was also dependent on temperature level. Otolith shape is influenced by environmental factors, particularly temperature, making it an efficient tool for fish stock identification.
Novel insights into minipuberty and GnRH: Implications on neurodevelopment, cognition, and COVID‐19 therapeutics
Authors: Chachlaki Konstantina , Le Duc Kevin , Storme Laurent , Prevot Vincent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn humans, the first 1000 days of life are pivotal for brain and organism development. Shortly after birth, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are activated, a phenomenon known as minipuberty. This phenomenon, observed in all mammals studied, influences the postnatal development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis and reproductive function. This review will put into perspective the results of recent studies showing that the impact of minipuberty extends beyond reproductive function, influencing sensory and cognitive maturation. Studies in mice have revealed the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating minipuberty amplitude, with NO deficiency linked to cognitive and olfactory deficits. Additionally, findings indicate that cognitive and sensory defects in adulthood in a mouse model of Down syndrome are associated with an age‐dependent decline of GnRH production, whose origin can be traced back to minipuberty, and point to the potential therapeutic role of pulsatile GnRH administration in cognitive disorders. Furthermore, this review delves into the repercussions of COVID‐19 on GnRH production, emphasizing potential consequences for neurodevelopment and cognitive function in infected individuals. Notably, GnRH neurons appear susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, raising concerns about potential long‐term effects on brain development and function. In conclusion, the intricate interplay between GnRH neurons, GnRH release, and the activity of various extrahypothalamic brain circuits reveals an unexpected role for these neuroendocrine neurons in the development and maintenance of sensory and cognitive functions, supplementing their established function in reproduction. Therapeutic interventions targeting the HPG axis, such as inhaled NO therapy in infancy and pulsatile GnRH administration in adults, emerge as promising approaches for addressing neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders and pathological aging.
The gold protocol: A combined treatment approach for neck rejuvenation with calcium hydroxyapatite, botulinum toxin, and hyaluronic acid in the same session
Authors: de Sanctis Pecora Carla 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe signs of aging seem to be more visible on the neck compared to other locations, especially if a patient has already gone through facial rejuvenation procedures. Treatment of the aging neck imposes a challenge to the clinician, since one single approach is usually not enough to achieve the desired result, requiring multiple injections and sessions, which apart from being painful for the patients, is time‐consuming for the clinician.AimTo describe the use of calcium hydroxyapatite, incobotulinum toxin type A and Cohesive poly‐densified matrix hyaluronic acid diluted in the same syringe and injected in the same session for neck rejuvenation.Patients and MethodsFifteen women, older than 18 years, with cervical skin flaccidity grade 1–4 in a previously validated 5‐point rating scale (Dermatologic Surg, 2016; 42, S94), who sought neck rejuvenation were injected in this pilot study with a single session with a combined hybrid mixture of calcium hydroxyapatite, incobotulinum toxin type A, and Cohesive poly‐densified matrix hyaluronic acid and followed up for 90–180 days.ResultsAt the 4‐month post injection evaluation, 93.3% of the patients presented at least 1‐grade improvement in the 5‐point scale as evaluated by the investigator. No serious adverse events were reported, being most mild and transient in nature.ConclusionCaHA, incoBonTA, and CPM‐HA have complementary mechanisms of action and may be injected from the same syringe in the same session, boosting the final outcome, with high patient satisfaction, and ease of process for both patients and clinicians.
Analysis of inflammation and bone remodeling of atmospheric plasma therapy in experimental periodontitis
Authors: de Oliveira Ildamara Canoa , Zanco Mariana , Lopes Juliana , Sambo Milena Paloma , de Andrade Thiago Antonio Moretti , dos Santos Gláucia Maria Tech , Felonato Maira , Santamaria‐Jr Milton 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe biological effects of atmospheric plasma (cold plasma) show its applicability for controlling the etiological factors that involve tissue repair. Thus, the study evaluated the effect of atmospheric plasma therapy in the control of tissue inflammation and bone remodeling in experimental periodontitis.MethodsFifty‐six rats were subjected to ligation in the cervical region of the first maxillary molars (8 weeks). The animals were divided into two groups (n = 28): periodontitis without treatment group (P group), and periodontitis with atmospheric plasma treatment group (P + AP group). Tissue samples were collected at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment to analyze the inflammation and bone remodeling by biochemical, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses.ResultsInflammatory infiltration in the gingival and periodontal ligament was lower in the P + AP group than in the P group (p < .05). The MPO and NAG levels were higher in the P + AP group compared to P group (p < .05). At 4 weeks, the TNF‐α level was lower and the IL‐10 level was higher in the P + AP group compared to P group (p < .05). In the P + AP group, the IL‐1β level increased in the second week and decreased in the fourth week (p < .05), the number of blood vessels was high in the gingival and periodontal ligament in the second and fourth week (p < .05); and the number of fibroblasts in the gingival tissue was low in the fourth week, and higher in the periodontal tissue in both period (p < .05). Regarding bone remodeling, the RANK and RANKL levels decreased in the P + AP group (p < .05). The OPG level did not differ between the P and P + AP groups (p > .05), but decreased from the second to the fourth experimental week in P + AP group (p < .05).ConclusionsThe treatment of experimental periodontitis with atmospheric plasma for 4 weeks modulated the inflammatory response to favor the repair process and decreased the bone resorption biomarkers, indicating a better control of bone remodeling in periodontal disease.
Phenology and habitat associations of the invasive Asian longhorned tick from Ohio, USA
Authors: Eleftheriou Andreas , Zeiger Benjamin , Jennings Jazmin , Pesapane Risa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGeographically expanding and invading ticks are a global concern. The Asian longhorned tick (ALT, Haemaphysalis longicornis) was introduced to the mid‐Atlantic US between 2010 and 2017 and recently invaded Ohio, an inland state. To date, ALTs in the US have been associated with livestock exsanguination and transmission of the agent of bovine theileriosis. To inform management, studies describing tick ecology and epidemiology of associated disease agents are critical. In this study, we described phenology, habitat and host associations, and tested for agents of medical and veterinary concern at the site of the first known established ALT population in Ohio, where pesticide treatment was applied in early fall 2021. In spring–fall 2022, we sampled wildlife (small mammals) and collected ticks from forest, edge, and grassland habitats. We also opportunistically sampled harvested white‐tailed deer at nearby processing stations and fresh wildlife carcasses found near roads. Field‐collected ALTs were tested for five agents using real‐time PCR. We found that ALT nymphs emerged in June, followed by adults, and concluded with larvae in the fall. ALTs were detected in all habitats but not in wildlife. We also found a 4.88% (2/41) prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum across ALT adults and nymphs. Host and habitat associations were similar to other studies in the eastern United States, but two potential differences in phenology were identified. Whether ALTs will acquire more endemic disease agents requires further investigations. Our findings provide the first evidence regarding ALT life history from the Midwest region of the United States and can inform exposure risk and guide integrated management.
The relationship between ethnocentrism and xenophobia level and predictors: A descriptive and correlational study of nurses working in two cities where refugees live intensively in Turkey
Authors: Köse Tosunöz İpek , Öztürk Çopur Ebru 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDetermining the ethnocentrism and xenophobia levels of nurses contributes to nurses' awareness regarding their attitudes on the issue and providing quality care. This descriptive and correlational study aimed to determine the relationship between ethnocentrism and xenophobia levels of nurses working in hospitals located in two different border regions where refugees live intensively in Turkey. The study was conducted with 386 nurses who were working in two different hospitals located in two cities in the south of Turkey. Data were collected using the “Personal Information Form,” “Ethnocentrism Scale,” and “Xenophobia Scale.” About half of the nurses did not want to care for foreign patients. There was a positive and statistically significant relationship between mean scores of the Ethnocentrism Scale and the Xenophobia Scale (p < 0.05). The regression analysis indicated that the level of ethnocentrism explains the level of xenophobia by 9%. Nurses had a high level of xenophobia and moderate ethnocentric attitudes. The level of xenophobia increased as the ethnocentrism level of nurses increased. It is recommended to conduct further studies to determine different predictors of xenophobia among nurses.