bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tree phenology in montane forests of southern Ecuador can be explained by precipitation, radiation and photoperiodic control
Authors: Günter Sven , Stimm Bernd , Cabrera Manuel , Diaz Maria Luisa , Lojan Manuel , Ordoñez Eduardo , Richter Michael , Weber Michael 
Published: May 2008

Abstract:We investigated the effect of seasonality on tree phenology in the tropical montane rain forest of southern Ecuador and analysed possible triggering factors. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) Interspecific synchronization of flowering and fruiting phenology is higher at study sites with pronounced rainfall seasonality compared with sites within perhumid forests. (2) Proximate causes for flowering in closely situated seasonal and perhumid sites are either photoperiodicity or climatic factors. Two nearby study sites with contrasting precipitation patterns were selected at the same altitude east and west of the western Cordillera. Eighty trees from 13 species were observed over a 2.5-y period. Three species were common to both study sites. Phenological and climate data were collected and cross-correlated by conducting a time-series analysis. At the perhumid site, very clear annual patterns of phenological behaviour could be observed for most of the selected rain-forest tree species, but with a poor interspecific synchronization. On the nearby seasonal site in contrast, most species showed high synchrony in their phenological behaviour coinciding with the dry season. There is strong evidence that flowering is induced not by one factor alone: we identified photoperiodic control, radiation and precipitation as possible proximate causes for both sites. Our results confirm studies which state that these factors are closely linked to each other in the tropics.
Treatment of climacteric symptoms in Finland prior to the controversial reports on hormone therapy
Authors: JALAVA‐BROMAN JAANA , MÄKINEN JUHA , OJANLATVA ANSA , JOKINEN KIRSI , SILLANMÄKI LAURI , RAUTAVA PÄIVI 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective.To examine the use of hormone therapy (HT) or alternative treatments for climacteric symptoms among women aged 52–56 years in 2000.Design.Questionnaire study.Setting.Cross‐sectional Finnish female cohort in the year 2000.Sample.Random sample of women aged 52–56 years.Methods.Univariate and multivariate analysis.Main outcome measures.HT explained by 12 physical and 9 background and social variables.Results.The use of HT was significantly (p<0.001) associated with the severity of climacteric symptoms, a history of not having breast cancer, oophorectomy, low body mass index, high professional education and high alcohol intake. A total of 66% of the women used some form of treatment for their climacteric symptoms. Of them, 71% used systemic HT, 25% alternative treatments (hypnotics, antidepressants, tranquillizers, trace elements, vitamins, lifestyle modifications) and 4% local estrogens only. Altogether 33% of the women with severe climacteric symptoms did not use HT at all, whereas 27% without any symptoms used HT.Conclusions.In early 2000, almost half of the Finnish female population at menopause used HT to alleviate their climacteric symptoms. The impact of the controversial reports on HT use after the time of data collection needs further study.
Malin: maximum likelihood analysis of intron evolution in eukaryotes
Authors: Csűrös Miklós 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Summary: Malin is a software package for the analysis of eukaryotic gene structure evolution. It provides a graphical user interface for various tasks commonly used to infer the evolution of exon–intron structure in protein-coding orthologs. Implemented tasks include the identification of conserved homologous intron sites in protein alignments, as well as the estimation of ancestral intron content, lineage-specific intron losses and gains. Estimates are computed either with parsimony, or with a probabilistic model that incorporates rate variation across lineages and intron sites.
Availability: Malin is available as a stand-alone Java application, as well as an application bundle for MacOS X, at the website http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~csuros/introns/malin/. The software is distributed under a BSD-style license.
Contact: csuros@iro.umontreal.ca
Strong genetic influence on IPN vaccination‐and‐challenge trials in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Authors: Ramstad A , Midtlyng P J 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTwo series of experimental challenge trials were performed for evaluation of multivalent oil‐adjuvanted vaccines with and without an infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) antigen component. In both the trial series, Atlantic salmon were hatched, reared, vaccinated and subjected to temperature and light manipulation to induce smoltification. When ready for sea the fish were transported to the VESO Vikan experimental laboratory for bath or cohabitant challenge with IPNV. In the first series, four vaccination and bath challenge trials involving 2‐year classes of experimental fish were conducted. In the second series, three groups of eyed eggs of Atlantic salmon allegedly differing in their innate resistance to IPNV were used (Storset, Strand, Wetten, Kjøglum & Ramstad 2007). Hatching, rearing and smoltification were synchronized for each group, and fish from each genetic group were randomly allocated IPN vaccine, reference vaccine or saline before being placed into parallel tanks for bath or cohabitant challenge. In the first series of trials, IPN‐specific mortality commenced on day 10–12 after bath challenge. Replicates showed similar results. In trials 1 and 2 belonging to the same experimental fish year class, the average cumulative control mortality reached 60.6% and 79.5%, respectively, whereas in trials 3 and 4 belonging to the following year class the control mortality was consistently below 50%. In the second series of trials, the experimental fish originating from allegedly IPN susceptible parents consistently showed the highest cumulative mortality among the unvaccinated controls (>75%) whereas smolts derived from allegedly IPNV resistant parents showed only 26–35% control mortality. The IPN‐vaccinated fish experienced significantly improved survival vs. the fish immunized with reference vaccine, with RPS values above 75% in the IPN susceptible strain. In the IPN resistant strain, the protection outcomes were variable and in part non‐significant. The outcome of both the trial series suggests that control mortalities above 50% are necessary to reliably demonstrate specific protection with IPN vaccines.
Subcellular components of Vibrio harveyi and probiotics induce immune responses in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), against V. harveyi
Authors: Arijo S , Brunt J , Chabrillón M , Díaz‐Rosales P , Austin B 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBacterial subcellular components and probiotics were successful for the stimulation of immunity and the prevention of Vibrio harveyi infections in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Rainbow trout were immunized with whole inactivated cells of V. harveyi to obtain polyclonal antibodies against specific antigens. Western blotting showed a unique reactive band (∼93 kDa) between serum and bacterial proteins from outer membrane proteins (OMP) and extracellular products (ECP). Probiotics were selected according to their capability to inhibit V. harveyi. Two of these bacteria, i.e. A3‐47 and A3‐51, showed cross‐reactivity with V. harveyi antiserum. Their OMPs and ECPs were reactive with V. harveyi antiserum in bands of ∼93 kDa for A3‐51 and higher for A3‐47. In vivo tests determined that fish fed with A3‐51 produced cross‐reactive antibodies against V. harveyi and also, the survival of these fish infected with V. harveyi was high, being similar to the level achieved with vaccinated fish. Thus, the probiotics, when administered as live preparations, were capable of producing cross‐reactive antibody against specific bacterial pathogens.
Early development of resistance to the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer), in juvenile pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum)
Authors: Jones S , Kim E , Bennett W 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis study examined the effect of fish weight on the susceptibility of post‐emergent pink salmon to Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer). Three trials were conducted, each with two stocks of pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum), at starting weights of c. 0.3, 0.7 and 2.4 g, respectively. In each trial, duplicate tanks of fish were exposed to 0, 25 (only in Trial 1), 50 or 100 copepodids per fish. Mortality in Trial 1 was c. 37%, regardless of stock following exposures to 50 or 100 copepodids. Mortalities occurred up to 26 days after exposure, and more than 80% of the lice on the dead fish were chalimus stages. Infections with adult or preadult lice were observed on c. 35% of fish surviving to 37 days after exposure. Mortality was 5% in Trial 2 and there was no mortality in Trial 3. The abundance of L. salmonis was lower in Trial 3 compared with Trials 1 or 2. Histological changes in the skin coincident with fish growth included a thickening of the epidermis, infiltration of the dermis with fibroblasts by the end of Trial 1 and the first evidence of scales by the end of Trial 2; scales were evident throughout Trial 3. These results showed that the previously reported innate resistance to L. salmonis displayed by pink salmon develops in fish heavier than 0.3 g and appears to be functional by 0.7 g. This resistance coincided with changes to the epidermis and dermis, including the formation of scales. The present results indicate that elevated risk associated with L. salmonis infection among migrating post‐emergent pink salmon may occur during a relatively brief period before the fish reaches 0.7 g.
Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental delays, and typical development: a population‐based study
Authors: KRAKOWIAK PAULA , GOODLIN‐JONES BETH , HERTZ‐PICCIOTTO IRVA , CROEN LISA A. , HANSEN ROBIN L. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryThis study compared parent‐reported sleep characteristics in 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to children with other developmental delays (DD) and typical development (TD). We included 529 children (303 ASD [167 males], 63 DD [46 males], and 163 TD [134 males]) enrolled in the CHARGE study, an ongoing population‐based case–control study. The mean age of participants was 3.6 years (standard deviation, 0.8 years). ASD diagnosis was confirmed with Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised (ADI‐R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedules (ADOS). Cognitive and adaptive functioning was assessed using Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS), respectively. Demographic, medical and sleep history information were ascertained from California birth records, telephone interview, medical assessments at clinic visit, and parent‐administered questionnaires. Fifty‐three percent of children with ASD had at least one frequent sleep problem, followed by 46% of children with DD, and 32% of the TD group (P < 0.0001). Exploratory factor analyses of sleep history data yielded two factors: sleep onset problems and night waking. Children with ASD had marginally higher sleep onset factor scores and significantly higher night waking factor scores compared with the TD group. Factor scores for children with DD were intermediate between the ASD and TD groups. Cognitive or adaptive development did not predict severity of sleep problems in the ASD group.
Does REM sleep contribute to subjective wake time in primary insomnia? A comparison of polysomnographic and subjective sleep in 100 patients
Authors: FEIGE BERND , AL‐SHAJLAWI ANAM , NISSEN CHRISTOPH , VODERHOLZER ULRICH , HORNYAK MAGDOLNA , SPIEGELHALDER KAI , KLOEPFER CORINNA , PERLIS MICHAEL , RIEMANN DIETER 
Published: May 2008

SummaryPrimary insomnia (PI) is characterized by low subjective sleep quality which cannot always be verified using polysomnography (PSG). To shed light on this discrepancy, subjective estimates of sleep and PSG variables were compared in patients with PI and good sleeper controls (GSC). 100 patients with PI (age: 42.57 ± 12.50 years, medication free for at least 14 days) and 100 GSC (41.12 ± 13.99 years) with a sex distribution of 46 men and 54 women in each group were included. Both PSG and questionnaire variables showed clear impairments of sleep quality in PI compared with GSC. The arousal index within total sleep time was increased, which was mainly because of a strong increase within rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Subjectively, more PI than GSC subjects estimated wake times longer than obtained from PSG. Linear modeling analysis of subjective wake time in terms of PSG parameters revealed that in addition to PSG defined wake time, REM sleep time contributed significantly to subjective wake time. This REM sleep contribution was larger for PI than for GSC subjects. The findings suggest that REM sleep‐related processes might contribute to subjectively disturbed sleep and the perception of waking time in patients with PI.
High Efficiency Reconstitution of a Human–Mouse Chimeric Fab of CAb‐1 Antibody Specific to Human Colon Cancer
Authors: Yang X.‐M. , Xing J.‐L. , Liao C.‐G. , Yao X.‐Y. , Li Y. , Chen Z.‐N. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMonoclonal antibody (mAb) has been widely applied in the treatment of human diseases, especially in malignant tumours. However, most antibodies produced in mouse by hybridoma technology might induce severe human anti‐mouse reactions. We had reported a murine mAb CAb‐1 of therapeutic interest for its specifically binding to a cell surface glycoprotein of human colon cancer. Here, we attempted to generate a reconstituted human–mouse chimeric Fab (cFab) of CAb‐1 in vitro to reduce its antigenicity and increase its capacity of penetration. First, the genes of heavy and light chain variable region (VH, VL) of CAb‐1 were cloned. Then, the chimeric light chain (cL) and Fd (cFd) were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. Finally, the reconstituted cFab was obtained by gradient dialysis of the mixture of cFd and cL. SDS‐PAGE and western blot analysis showed the reconstituted cFab with a recovery rate of 70.2% when the initial total concentration of cL and cFd proteins to be 100 μg/ml. The reconstituted cFab maintained the affinity and specificity to colon cancer cells compared with its parental antibody as determined by immunostaining analysis, FACS and ELISA. Our results established a foundation for further application of the cFab in diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer.
Evidence for De Novo Expression of Thymic Insulin by Peripheral Bone Marrow‐derived Cells
Authors: Carlsén M. , Cilio C. M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThymic expression of insulin has been suggested to play a major role in negative selection of autoreactive T cells and tolerance induction against pancreatic β cells. Furthermore, the expression of insulin in peripheral antigen‐presenting cells (APC) has been clearly demonstrated but whether thymic negative selection and tolerance induction also depends on peripheral influx of self‐antigens (Ag) remains to be conclusively demonstrated. In this study, we wanted to test whether peripheral influx of insulin expressing cells might contribute to negative selection. In order to address this question, we used mice deficient in the Ins1 and Ins2 genes. Embryonic thymi either deficient in both insulin genes or expressing Ins2 were dissected and transplanted under the kidney capsule of athymic nude mice recipients. After indicated time points, grafted thymi were removed and analysed for insulin re‐expression and for the emergence of autoreactive T cells. The analysis revealed a re‐expression of Ins2 in grafted insulin deficient thymi suggesting that self‐Ag expression in the thymus is not only intrinsically regulated but peripheral influx of APC capable of expressing insulin might contribute to thymic selection and tolerance induction.
Biokarst on Limestone Coasts, Morphogenesis and Sediment Production
Authors: Schneider Jürgen , Torunski Horst 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. Biokarst‐forms on limestone coasts are developed and arranged according to the bionomic zonation. The development of biokarst is the result of bioerosion, a synergistic effect of biological corrosion by endoliths and biological abrasion by grazers.The cumulative effect of biogenic carbonate destruction leads to coastal destruction with a resulting highly profiled morphology on the limestone surfaces along the coastal profile. Under the influence of environmental factors a zonation of organisms develops which brings in turn a zonation of erosion rates (0.1‐1.1 mm a‐1) resulting in biokarst‐forms such as rock holes, rock pools and notches.Products of bioerosion on limestone coasts are dissolved carbonate (by biological corrosion, 10–30% of the decomposed limestone) and particulate carbonate (by biological abrasion, 70–90% of the decomposed limestone) both of which contribute directly or indirectly to nearshore sedimentation. Size and shape of the bioerosional grains are determined by the boring pattern of the endoliths. The fine‐grained sediments (maximum within the fraction 20–63 μm) contribute 3–25 % to the nearshore sediments.Drastic changes in the biological zonation (like the mass invasion of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in the Northern Adriatic since 1972 which eliminated nearly the entire macrophyte zone) due to unknown factors or pollution can have a profound effect on the bioerosion rates, altering them by as much as a factor of ten.
Benthic Community and Sediment Types: A Structural Analysis
Authors: Fresi Eugenio , Gambi Maria Cristina , Focardi Silvano , Bargagli Roberto , Baldi Franco , Falciai Lucia 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. The distribution of the macrobenthic community, in relation to various physical and chemical characteristics of the sediment, was studied along the coast of Southern Tuscany (Central Tyrrhenian) in an area under the influence of the Ombrone River outflow.The zonation of the benthos was found to be primarily under the control of a gradient of water movement, as is reflected by variations in the sediment structure from the coast to the open sea. This correlation is somehow influenced by secondary gradients such as the degree of mixing of the sediment and the deposition of terrigenous materials along the river plume.
The Benthic Phase of the Life Cycle of Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan (Crustacea Decapoda) along the Southeastern Coast of the Mediterranean
Authors: Tom M. , Shlagman A. , Lewinsohn CH. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. Recruitment, migration, growth and longevity of populations of Penaeus semisulcatus along the southeastern coast of the Mediterranean were investigated. The general pattern of the life cycle of P. semisulcatus and the parameters affecting it were identified.Relative population density, measured by catch per unit effort, as well as relative age estimated by age group body length were used to study the pattern of the benthic phase of the life cycle.
Aspects of the Reproductive Activity of Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan along the Southeastern Coast of the Mediterranean
Authors: Shlagman A. , Lewinsohn CH. , Tom M. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. Reproductive parameters of the females of Penaeus semisulcatus regarding the process of ovary maturation, the degree of synchronization of the ova maturation stage within an ovary, the correlation between female length and both maturity and fecundity, as well as the relationship between moulting, copulation and ovarian maturity stage were investigated.The seasonal and spatial pattern of the reproduction of the female population of P. semisulcatus along the southeastern coast of the Mediterranean was determined.Average ova diameter, morphological appearance of the ova, presence of sperm, characteristics of the spermatophore, and hardness of the cuticle were used in order to study the above parameters.
Behavioural Effects of Chemically Dispersed Oil and Subsequent Recovery in Diploria strigosa (Dana)
Authors: Wyers S.C. , Frith H.R. , Dodge R.E. , Smith S.R. , Knap A.H. , Sleeter T.D. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. Survival and behaviour of the hermatypic coral Diploria strigosa was studied during 6–24 h doses with water‐accomodated fractions of chemically dispersed crude oil, and for a subsequent recovery period of 1 month. Experiments utilized a flow‐through laboratory dosing procedure and incorporated petroleum hydrocarbon measurements in order to simulate a major but short‐term oil spill in shallow subtidal benthic reef environments. Chemically dispersed oil treatments consisted of Arabian Light Crude oil with Corexit 9527 or BP1100WD at 1–20 ppm concentrations of oil.In general, effects observed were sub‐lethal, temporary, and associated with the highest concentrations tested. Responses to the presence of dispersed oil at 20ppm for 24 h included mesenterial filament extrusion, extreme tissue contraction, tentacle retraction and localized tissue rupture. The nature and severity of reactions during the dosing phase varied between colonies and treatments, but colonies typically resumed normal behaviour within 2 h to 4 d of the recovery period. It therefore seems unlikely that observed biological effects would impair long‐term viability.
Les coraux (Scléractiniaires et Hydro‐coralliaires) de 'atoll de Takapoto, îles Tuamotu: Aspects écologiques
Authors: Kühlmann Dietrich H.H. , Chevalier Jean‐Pierre 
Published: May 2008

Abstract. Recent publications on the coral community of the Tuamotu archipelago have dealt with the Mururoa and Taiaro atolls, with virtually no information available on Takapoto. Consequently the reefs of this atoll were studied using SCUBA to a depth of 70 m and in different biotopes such as patch reefs of the lagoon, and external or protected slopes. A description of the various coral communities is given; specific diversity, ecological valence, community composition, percent coverage, and constructive potential is discussed in relation to abiotic factors.SummaryIn June 1978 the coral associations of the atoll Takapoto, Tuamotu Archipelago, were studied down to 70m by SCUBA (D.Kühlmann) and the corals later determined by J.‐P. Chevalier (†) in Paris. Fifty‐eight Scleractinia and five hydrocorals were observed in the reefs.The highest diversity of species exists in clear, moderate moving waters on a moderately inclined substratum. An ecological valence was established as euryoecious for Montipora verrucosa, Porites lobata, Favia speciosa and Mille‐pora platyphylla. Deep water species are Leptoseris porosa and Fungia cf. granulosa. The coral associations show characteristic differences at the windward and leeward outer slopes as well as at the patch reefs of the lagoon; these differences are regulated by distinctive hydrodynamics, sedimentation processes, and substrate types as the most effective environmental factors in smaller habitats. The highest degree of coverage of hard corals is found at the windward slope between 10 and 20 m with 90%, the lowest with less than 10% at the slopes of the patch reefs in the lagoon because of the strong sedimentation. The most important reef constructors in the different habitats are listed.RemerciementsJ'exprime ma gratitude à B. Salvat, qui m'a fourni la possibilityé de travailler à 'Antenne de Moorea du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, et sur 'atoll de Takapoto. Mes remerciements s'adressent également au Ministére des Universités de la République Démocratique Allemande pour la prise en charge du voyage Berlin‐Tahiti‐Berlin. A.Hauti, Chef du Sérvice de la Pêche, Station de Recherche Nacre et Perliculture de Takapoto, a mis á ma disposition tous les moyens nécessaires á la plongée sur les récifs, embarcations comprises. 'aide de Cigi, Puhipuhi, Bernard, Ismail et Pari fut toujours éfficace. Je n'oublierai pas 'amitie profonde de mes compagnons, G. Richard et G. Vergonzanne. Aprés le décès de J.‐P. Chevalier en 1981, M. Pichon, B. Thomassin et H. et J. ZIBROWIUS ont aimablement traduit mon manuscrit en français.