bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submaximal effort tolerance as a predictor of all‐cause mortality in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Feuerstadt, Paul , Chai, Andrew , Kligfield, Paul 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundSubmaximal effort tolerance is routinely available during cardiac rehabilitation, but its prognostic value in relation to underlying referral diagnosis is not known.HypothesisTreadmill effort capacity during submaximal exercise training predicts all‐cause mortality after cardiac rehabilitation.MethodsWe followed 600 consecutive patients (450 men and 150 women, mean age 65 years) who were referred to a 12‐week outpatient program of cardiac rehabilitation; 37% had a prior myocardial infarction (MI), 44% had a recent percutaneous intervention (PCI), and 39% had history of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).ResultsThere were 48 deaths during a mean follow‐up period of 1603 ± 822 days. By multivariate Cox analysis, exit MET activity was the most significant predictor of all‐cause mortality. In this model, each 1 MET increase in exit submaximal effort tolerance was associated with a 34% decrease in mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.56–0.77) alone and 28% decrease after adjustment for age (HR = 0.72, confidence interval 0.60–0.85). Enty MET level also had predictive value. Subgroup analysis revealed that the predictive value of exit METs was limited to patients after recent CABG and with MI. None of the variables predicted death after PCI, in whom mortality was significantly lower than in the other groups.ConclusionsSubmaximal effort tolerance at completion of cardiac rehabilitation, and also at entry, is a strong and age‐independent predictor of mortality in patients who have had either recent CABG or MI without intervention, but not in patients after recent PCI. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac manifestations of parasitic infections part 2: Parasitic myocardial disease
Authors: Franco‐Paredes Carlos , Rouphael Nadine , Méndez José , Folch Erik , Rodríguez‐Morales Alfonso J. , Santos José Ignacio , Hurst J. W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis is part two of a three‐part series discussing parasites of the heart. In this section, we present an overview on parasitic diseases predominantly involving the myocardium. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laser capture‐microarray analysis of Lim1 mutant kidney development
Authors: Potter S. Steven , Hartman Heather A. , Kwan Kin M. , Behringer Richard R. , Patterson Larry T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Lim1 gene has essential functions during several stages of kidney development. In particular, a tissue‐specific knockout in the early metanephric mesenchyme results in the formation of the earliest nephron precursor, the renal vesicle, but failure of this structure to progress to the next stage, the comma‐shaped body. To better understand the molecular nature of this developmental arrest, we used a laser capture microdissection–microarray strategy to examine the perturbed gene expression pattern of the mutant renal vesicles. Among the genes found differently expressed were Chrdl2, an inhibitor of BMP signaling, the proapoptotic factor Bmf, as well as myob5, an atypical myosin that modulates chemokine signaling, and pdgfrl, which is important in epithelial folding. Of particular interest, the microarray data indicated that the Dkk1 gene, which encodes an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, was downregulated ninefold in mutants. This was confirmed by in situ hybridizations. It is interesting to note that Lim1 and Dkk1 mutant mice have striking similarities in phenoytpe. These results suggest that the Dkk1 gene might be a key downstream effector of Lim1 function. genesis 45:432–439, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Versatile Methodology to Synthesize Oxygen‐Bridged Nine‐ and Ten‐Membered Cycloalkanes by the Hypoiodite Reaction
Authors: Montaña Ángel M. , Ponzano Stefano , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele , Font‐Bardia Mercè , Solans Xavier 
Published: July 2007

AbstractC‐3 derivatives of 6‐hydroxy‐2,7‐dimethyl‐11‐oxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecan‐4‐one reacted with lead tetraacetate (LTA) and iodine to afford, in good yield, 1,7‐epoxycyclononanes, which are the result of a β‐fragmentation of the C2–C6 bond adjacent to the tertiary hydroxy group on C‐6. This β‐fragmentation is followed by a ring contraction from a ten‐ to a nine‐membered ring system, by a free‐radical addition to the carbonyl group on C‐4. The reaction of precursors (not functionalized on C‐3) with LTA and iodine produced a β‐fragmentation without any further structural rearrangement, affording 1,8‐epoxycyclodecanes. The transformation of the carbonyl group on C‐4 to acetate avoided radical additions and rearrangements affording, in high yield, the corresponding cyclodecanes. By this methodology, either 1,7‐epoxycyclononane or 1,8‐epoxycyclodecane could be synthesized, in good yield, by choosing the appropriate substitution pattern on C‐3 in the substrate.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
One‐Step Synthesis of Lumazine and Xanthine: First Co‐Crystal of Lumazine and Perchloric Acid with a Unique Monohydrated Hydronium Ion (H5O2+) Mediated Supramolecular Assembly of the Lumazine Dimer
Authors: Goswami Shyamaprosad , Maity Annada C. , Fun Hoong‐Kun 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA perchloric acid mediated one‐step synthesis of lumazine derivatives from pterins and xanthine from guanine is reported. However, 2‐pivaloylamino derivatives of pterins underwent simple hydrolysis of the pivaloylamino group generating free pterin compounds, but the 2‐oxo derivatives, that is, the lumazine compounds, were not obtained. A novel supramolecular assembly is constructed by the unique hydrogen bonding of H5O2+ bridging two hydrogen‐bonded dimers of lumazine to form the co‐crystal 21 with aqueous perchloric acid. In contrast, N2‐pivaloyl‐6‐bromo‐5‐deazapterin was simply hydrolysed to form the protonated deazapterin 22, which forms a unique six‐membered cyclic hydrogen‐bonded structure leading to the generation of a polymeric supramolecular assembly. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Solvent‐ and Structure‐Dependent Regioselectivity in the Boron‐Mediated Aldol Reaction of 2‐(1,3‐Dioxolan‐2‐yl)ethyl Ethyl Ketones
Authors: Lanners Steve , Norouzi‐Arasi Hassan , Khiri Naima , Hanquet Gilles 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe regioselectivity of the Chx2BCl/Et3N‐mediated (Chx = cyclohexyl) aldol reactions of ketones of general structure 2 has been studied and was shown to depend on both ketone structure and solvent. Useful levels of regioselectivity in favour of any of the two possible regioisomers were obtained in either pentane or diethyl ether. The relative configuration of the aldol products was assigned by 1H NMR studies of six‐membered‐ring derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis of Cyclopropanes via Organoiron Methodology: Stereoselective Preparation of Bi(cyclopropyl)s
Authors: Pandey Rajesh K. , Lindeman Sergey , Donaldson William A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCyclopropanation of [2‐(alkenyl)pentenediyl]Fe(CO)3 complexes (4) proceeds in a diastereoselective fashion to afford [2‐(cyclopropyl)pentenediyl]Fe(CO)3. The relative stereochemistry of the products was established by X‐ray crystallography. The diastereoselectivity is rationalized on approach of the cyclopropanation reagent on the sterically more exposed face of 4. Oxidatively induced reductive elimination afforded stereodefined bi(cyclopropyl)s. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Study of the enantioseparation of imazaquin and enantioselective degradation in field soils by CZE
Authors: Yi Fei , Guo Baoyuan , Peng Zhenlei , Li Haifang , Marriott Philip , Lin Jin‐Ming 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA fast, simple, and sensitive CE method was developed to study the separation and degradation of imazaquin enantiomers in field soils. The parameters pH and concentration of the buffer electrolyte, type and concentration of the chiral selectors, applied voltage, and temperature of the CE system were investigated. Sodium hydrogen phosphate (50 mM) at pH 10.1 containing 30 mM hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD (HP‐β‐CD) was found to be the suitable BGE. The reliable determination for imazaquin enantiomers was obtained at 20 kV applied voltage, 15°C separation system, and detection at 214 nm. Under the optimal conditions, the LODs (S/N = 3) were 0.0097 and 0.0098 mg/kg; linearity ranged from 0.019 to 1.24 and 0.020 to 1.26 mg/kg for the first‐eluting peak of imazaquin (imazaquin‐I) and the second‐eluting peak of imazaquin (imazaquin‐II) in soil, respectively. The precision in terms of the percentage of RSD (%RSD) calculated from peak area was not greater than 5%. With the suitable characteristics of the present method, it was applied to the study of enantioselective degradation in field soil. According to the calculated values of the enantiomer ratio (ER) and the rate constant of degradation (k), the results suggested that the degradation rate of the two enantiomers were slightly different, and that the pH of the soil had a strong influence on the rate of degradation.
Recent accomplishments in the field of enantiomer separation by CEC
Authors: Preinerstorfer Beatrix , Lämmerhofer Michael 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present review intends to summarize recent developments in the field of enantioselective separations and analysis by CEC. It covers studies published in English language in common peer‐reviewed journals within the period between 2003 and 2006. Both, methods making use of chiral mobile phase additives as well as chiral stationary phases for electrochromatographic enantiomer separations, are reviewed. Achievements that have been made on the various column technologies, such as open‐tubular, particle‐packed, inorganic, organic and particle‐fixed (hybrid‐type) monolithic as well as molecularly imprinted polymer phases, are discussed.
The use of agent based modelling techniques in hydrology: determining the spatial and temporal origin of channel flow in semi‐arid catchments
Authors: Reaney S. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInformation on the spatial and temporal origin of runoff entering the channel during a storm event would be valuable in understanding the physical dynamics of catchment hydrology; this knowledge could be used to help design flood defences and diffuse pollution mitigation strategies. The majority of distributed hydrological models give information on the amount of flow leaving a catchment and the pattern of fluxes within the catchment. However, these models do not give any precise information on the origin of runoff within the catchment. The spatial and temporal distribution of runoff sources is particularly intricate in semi‐arid catchments, where there are complex interactions between runoff generation, transmission and re‐infiltration over short temporal scales.Agents are software components that are capable of moving through and responding to their local environment. In this application, the agents trace the path taken by water through the catchment. They have information on their local environment and on the basis of this information make decisions on where to move. Within a given model iteration, the agents are able to stay in the current cell, infiltrate into the soil or flow into a neighbouring cell. The information on the current state of the hydrological environment is provided by the environment generator. In this application, the Connectivity of Runoff Model (CRUM) has been used to generate the environment. CRUM is a physically based, distributed, dynamic hydrology model, which considers the hydrological processes relevant for a semi‐arid environment at the temporal scale of a single storm event. During the storm event, agents are introduced into the model across the catchment; they trace the flows of water and store information on the flow pathways. Therefore, this modelling approach is capable of giving a novel picture of the temporal and spatial dynamics of flow generation and transmission during a storm event. This is possible by extracting the pathways taken by the agents at different time slices during the storm.The agent based modelling approach has been applied to two small catchments in South East Spain. The modelling approach showed that the two catchments responded differently to the same rainfall event due to the differences in the runoff generation and overland flow connectivity between the two catchments. The model also showed that the time of travel to the nearest flow concentration is extremely important for determining the connectivity of a point in the landscape with the catchment outflow. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizing the variability of wood in streams: simulation modelling compared with multiple‐reach surveys
Authors: Meleason Mark A. , Davies‐Colley Rob J. , Hall Graeme M. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWood abundance in streams is an indicator of its likely geomorphological and ecological importance. However, wood volume estimates can be highly variable, due in part to natural variability and the methodology used to characterize it. We measured wood volume in streams of similar sizes and riparian forest conditions using extended field surveys and simulation modelling. We surveyed a total of 3·1 km along four tributary streams of New Zealand's Waihaha River to obtain an estimate of wood volume in streams with similar basin positions (second order), forest types (podocarp/hardwood forest), disturbance histories (post volcanic eruption of Taupo ca. 180 AD) and stream sizes (2–3 m bankfull width). A ‘sliding window’ analysis was conducted whereby the wood volume was calculated for a ‘window’ (i.e., reach survey of fixed length) that was progressively moved upstream in 10 m increments. The resulting frequency distributions of wood volume were bimodal and represented the range and relative proportion of reach volumes possible from the wood surveys. The wood volume based on all streams surveyed (23 m3/100 m) was equivalent to the 64th percentile of the sliding window distribution, suggesting that a randomly placed study reach would be likely to underestimate wood volume. The bimodal distribution was attributed to the inclusion/exclusion of relatively large (≥10 m3), but rare (0·3 logs/100 m) logs. We also examined the variability of reach‐level wood volume estimates (200 m and 400 m) for the Waihaha tributaries using the model OSU StreamWood. The volume frequency distributions from the simulations were similar to those from the empirical approach, except that they were unimodal. We attribute the unimodal distribution to the greater number of reach‐scale estimates used in the simulations (n = 2000). The two independent approaches characterized the variation of wood volumes possible for this forest type and stream width. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Order series method for forecasting non‐Gaussian time series
Authors: Chuang Ming‐De , Yu Gwo‐Hsing 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new forecasting non‐Gaussian time series method based on order series transformation properties has been proposed. The proposed method improves Yu's method without using Hermite polynomial expansion to process nonlinear instantaneous transformations and provides acceptable forecasting accuracy.  Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating and forecasting the long‐memory parameter in the presence of periodicity
Authors: Bisognin C. , Lopes S. R. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe consider one parametric and five semiparametric approaches to estimate D in SARFIMA (0, D, 0)s processes, that is, when the process is a fractionally integrated ARMA model with seasonality s. We also consider h‐step‐ahead forecasting for these processes. We present the proof of some features of this model and also a study based on a Monte Carlo simulation for different sample sizes and different seasonal periods. We compare the different estimation procedures analyzing the bias, the mean squared error values, and the confidence intervals for the estimators. We also consider three different methods to choose the total number of regressors in the regression analysis for the semiparametric class of estimation procedures. We apply the methodology to the Nile River flow monthly data, and also to a simulated seasonal fractionally integrated time series.  Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting real‐time data allowing for data revisions
Authors: Fukuda Kosei 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA modeling approach to real‐time forecasting that allows for data revisions is shown. In this approach, an observed time series is decomposed into stochastic trend, data revision, and observation noise in real time. It is assumed that the stochastic trend is defined such that its first difference is specified as an AR model, and that the data revision, obtained only for the latest part of the time series, is also specified as an AR model. The proposed method is applicable to the data set with one vintage. Empirical applications to real‐time forecasting of quarterly time series of US real GDP and its eight components are shown to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.  Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and common genotypes of HCV infection in Sudanese patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis
Authors: Mudawi H.M.Y. , Smith H.M. , Fletcher I.A. , Fedail S.S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA cross‐sectional hospital based study was carried out at the National Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease in Khartoum, Sudan to determine the prevalence, common genotypes and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in Sudanese patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. A total of 176 patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis were tested for HCV antibodies and 4.5% of the samples were reactive. PCR was positive in 2.3% of cases and genotype 4 was the major genotype isolated with subtypes 4, 4e, and 4c/4d. It is concluded that HCV was of low seroprevalence in the study population and that parenteral antischistosomal therapy was not a significant risk factor in transmission of infection in the Sudan. J. Med. Virol. 79:1322–1324, 2007. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative temporal‐spatial distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in post‐mortem tissues
Authors: Tang Julian W. , To Ka‐Fai , Lo Anthony W.I. , Sung Joseph J.Y. , Ng H.K. , Chan Paul K.S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFew post‐mortem studies have been performed on patients who have died from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). No studies have examined how the SARS‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) loads in different organs with respect to time, post‐mortem. The aim of this study was to determine the quantitative temporal‐spatial distribution of SARS‐CoV in the post‐mortem tissue samples of seven patients. Quantitation of a house‐keeping gene, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was undertaken to standardize the amount of tissue tested. SARS‐CoV viral load and SARS‐CoV/GAPDH RNA ratio for each organ type were related to four time durations: onset of illness to death, death to post‐mortem tissue sampling, and total durations of treatment with ribavirin and hydrocortisone. The SARS‐CoV/GAPDH RNA ratio remained relatively stable in most organ tissue types for all these time durations. The ratio reached the highest value of equal to or greater than one for lung and small bowel, whereas those for heart, liver, spleen, and kidney were always less than one. It is concluded that SARS‐CoV viral loads in these organs remain relatively stable, post‐mortem. This quantitative assessment further supports SARS‐CoV has a specific tropism for the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, which may be related to the density of SARS‐CoV receptors. J. Med. Virol. 79:1245–1253, 2007. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to human papillomavirus (HPV) types HPV‐16, HPV‐18, and HPV‐11 capsid‐antigens in mothers and their children
Authors: Marais Dianne J. , Sampson Candice C. , Urban Margaret I. , Sitas Freddy , Wiliamson Anna‐Lise 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) types causing anogenital lesions and cancer are accepted as being sexually transmitted. The methods whereby children acquire these anogenital type HPV infections are unclear. The present study determined the prevalence of anti‐HPV‐16, HPV‐11 and HPV‐18 IgG antibodies in mothers and their children in an attempt to identify evidence of HPV transmission from mother to child. HPV virus‐like particles (VLP) VLP‐16, VLP‐11 and VLP‐18 were used in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to identify IgG antibodies in serum from 100 mothers and their 111 children. Antibodies to VLP‐16, VLP‐11 and VLP‐18 were found in serum from 17%, 21% and 16% of mothers, respectively and seroprevalences were 9%, 11.7% and 9.9%, respectively amongst the children. Of the 111 children, 23 (20.7%) showed antibodies to one or more of the three HPV types tested. Seven of these (30.4%) HPV IgG positive children had the same antibodies to one or more HPV types as their mothers. The prevalence of HPV‐11 was similar in children of seropositive compared with seronegative mothers (14% and 11%, respectively). The prevalence of HPV‐16 and HPV‐18 was higher in children of seropositive mothers compared with seronegative mothers (for HPV‐16, 18% and 7%, respectively, P = 0.1, for HPV‐18, 19% and 8%, respectively, P = 0.2). None of these differences were statistically significant indicating a lack of correlation between antibodies in mothers and children and no evidence to support vertical or horizontal mother to child transmission of HPV infection. Indications were of multiple sources of HPV infection in the children. J. Med. Virol. 79:1370–1374, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Salivary human herpesvirus 8 shedding in renal allograft recipients with Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Al‐Otaibi L.M. , Ngui S.L. , Scully C.M. , Porter S.R. , Teo C.G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRenal allograft recipients in the Middle East are at high risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma. This report describes the extent of oral human herpesvirus 8 shedding and the genomic diversity of the virus in five Saudi Arabian kidney transplantation patients in whom Kaposi's sarcoma had developed. PCR protocols were applied to amplify three fragments of the viral genome from whole‐mouth saliva, parotid saliva, buccal and palatal exfoliates, plasma, peripheral blood leukocytes and biopsy of the Kaposi's sarcoma lesion, and to quantify the viral load in whole‐mouth saliva. Viral DNA was detected in all plasma and biopsy samples, 80% of whole‐mouth saliva, 20% of each of the other oral samples, and none of the leukocyte samples. The viral load in the cell‐free fraction of whole‐mouth saliva ranged between approximately 1.2 × 103 and 2.2 × 106 genome‐copies/ml. Genotypically distinct viral strains were evident: intra‐lesionally in 1 patient; intra‐orally in one patient; between an oral sample and biopsy in two patients; and in four patients, between an oral sample and plasma, and between plasma and biopsy. Thus, in the patients studied, salivary shedding of human herpesvirus 8 was frequent and could be extensive, and they were prone to multiple infections. Measures to curtail salivary viral transmission to pre‐ and post‐transplantation patients might reduce the incidence of post‐transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma. J. Med. Virol. 79:1357–1365, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.