bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF PROTEINS IN LYMPH FROM THE LEG BEFORE AND AFTER THERMAL INJURY
Authors: Roberts JC , Courtice FC 
Published: December 2007

SummaryImmunoelectrophoresis of lymph from the hind paws of rabbits before and after thermal injuries of differing intensities showed that, when an antiserum to rabbit serum was used all the proteins detected in the circulating blood serum were also present in the lymph. This suggests that all the plasma proteins take part in the increased movement of proteins through the extra‐ cellular fluid phase of an injured tissue.However, when an antiserum to rabbit lymph collected from thermally Injured paws was employed, Immunoelectrophoresis showed an extra protein in the lymph from injured paws which was not present in normal serum or lymph, or in the serum after injury. This extra protein migrated as a β2‐ or fast γ‐globulin It was found after severe injuries at 70 and 80°, but not after the less severe injuries at 55 to 60°. Its appearance was transient, lasting for only 1 to 2 hr. after injury.Further experiments showed that this protein was not Cx‐reactive protein and that it was not produced by heating the normal extracellular fluid proteins. Preliminary experiments to test its antigen city within the species have proved negative. The levels of the enzymes lactic dehydrogenase glutamie oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic pyretic transaminase were also increased in the lymph after injury. but experiments by Immunoelectrophoresis suggest that the extra protein is probably not identical with these enzymes.
THE RETENTION OF 125I‐IMMUNOGLOBULINS, IgG SUBUNITS AND ANTIGEN‐ANTIBODY COMPLEXES IN RAT FOOTPADS AND DRAINING LYMPH NODES
Authors: Herd Zana L , Ada GL 
Published: December 2007

Summary.Studies on the retention of 125I‐labelled rat and rabbit immunoglobulins and subunits thereof in rat popliteal nodes indicate that the Fc fragment of IgG is important for maintaining a relatively high concentration of this immunoglobulin in lymph nodes.After footpad injections of the immunoglobulins and subunits, an approximate correlation was found between the initial rate of disappearance from the feet and the molecular size of the substances injected. This suggested that a major factor involved in removal of substances from rat footpads is their rate of diffusion. No correlation with molecular weight was fotind in the retention pattern of immunoglobulin subunits in the popliteal nodes which drained the footpads. Rabbit Fc fragment was retained 50 times better than rabbit Fab fragment in rat nodes 3 days after injection. Rabbit H chains were retained better than rabbit L chains.A peptide from the Fc region of rabbit heavy chains, C3, showed high retention in rat nodes and was retained better than IgG but not as well as Fc. Rat IgG and IgM were both retained better than rat Fab in rets. Human serum albumin complexes with rabbit anti‐human serum albumin IgG was retained at least 10 times better by rat nodes than human serum albumin alone. Human serum albumin bound to rabbit anti‐human serum albumin Fab was retained only about twice as well as human serum albumin alone.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE STIMULATION OF MOUSE BONE MARROW COLONY GROWTH IN VITRO BY NORMAL HUMAN URINE
Authors: Metcalf D , Stanley ER 
Published: December 2007

SummaryNormal human urine was shown to stimulate colony formation in vitro by mouse bone marrow cells. Linear relationships were demonstrated between urine dose and the number and size of colonies stimulated to develop from a standard number of bone marrow cells. These criteria provide an assay system for quantifying levels of colony stimulating factor In human urine. A survey of factor levels in urine from normal subjects indicated that levels appeared to vary over a forty fold range and in any one subject show considerable diurnal and daily variations. Urine factor levels showed no significant variation with age, but showed a partial correlation with protein levels in the urine and were uniformly low when protein excretion was low.
PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND SOME PROPERTIES OF THE FACTOR IN NORMAL AND LEUKAEMIC HUMAN URINE STIMULATING MOUSE BONE MARROW COLONY GROWTH IN VITRO
Authors: Stanley ER , Metcalf D 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe properties of the factor in human urine which stimulates mouse bone marrow colony growth in vitro were examined. The colony stimulating activity of urine was not lost on concentration of urine, exposure to RNA‐ase, DNA‐ase, ether, 8M urea, pH in the range 2–12, or on fractionation by precipitation with ethanol or ammonium sulphate. Activity was lost on heating (90°/30′), exposure to periodate and incubation with high concentrations of Pronase. There was no difference between the behaviour of the colony stimulating factor in normal and leukaemic human urine concentrates on electrophoresis and on gel‐filtration. The colony stimulating factor in urine concentrates moved in the post‐albumin‐albumin region on electrophoresis at pH 8.6 had an apparent molecular weight of approximately 190,000 on gel‐filtration and an apparent sedimentation coefficient (S20, w) of approximately 3.3S (zone sedimentation on sucrose gradients). A procedure was described for the extraction and partial purification of the colony stimulating factor from large quantities of human urine.The data suggest that the colony stimulating factor may be a glycoprotein and that it could belong to a family of tissue‐specific humoral growth regulating macromolecules.
THE DEVELOPMENT OE CLONES OE ANTIBODY‐FORMING CELLS IN THE SPLEENS OE IRRADIATED MICE
Authors: Cunningham AJ 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA markedly non‐random distribution of antibody‐plaque‐forming cells was found in the spleens of lethally irradiated mice which had been injected 5–10 days previously with sheep erythrocytes and 1−2 × 106 syngeneic spleen cells. Localised concentrations (colonies) of 19S and 7S plaque‐forming cells were identified by cutting the spleens transversely into 8 pieces, making dispersed‐cell suspensions from these segments, and testing the suspensions directly with the haemolytic plaque technique. The colonies had an average length of approximately 0.5 mm., with an upper size limit of about 1.5 mm. There was little correlation between the position of these colonies and the position of local concentrations of haemolytic antibody detected by a haemolytic focus method.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLONES OF ANTIBODY‐FORMING CELLS IN THE SPLEENS OF IRRADIATED MICE
Authors: Cunningham AJ 
Published: December 2007

SummaryLocalised concentrations of 19S antibody plaque‐forming cells developed in the spleens of lethally irradiated mice which had been injected with syngeneic spleen cells und sheep erythrocytes. Numbers of plaque‐forming cells in such colonies ranged from 28.000 down to less than 40, the largest aggregations appearing after 6–8 days of culture.Evidence that these colonies were clones came from the finding that, in most cases, all the cells in any one colony released antibody of apparently identical specificity. In addition, the appearance of the plaques themselves was often conspicuously uniform within a colony.Individual plaque‐forming cells were obtained from 9 colonies by micromanipulation and examined morphologically. In 4 cases all the cells examined from a single colony were closely similar in appearance.Localized concentrations of cells producing 7S antibody were also found, although these were relatively uncommon. Nearly half of the 7S colonies appeared in the same spleen segments as 19S colonies, statistically a highly significant association which supports the idea of a 19S to 7S antibody switch in the differentiation of some antibody‐forming cell clones.
THE LIFE CYCLE OF VIRULENT TOXOPLASMA IN CELL CULTURES
Authors: Bommer Wolfgang 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe life cycle of virulent toxoplasma has been studied in slide cell cultures by means of continuous observation using phase microscopy. The active penetration of the host cell membrane by the parasite could be demonstrated by cinematography. Penetration occurs within 15 to 30 seconds. The special mode of toxoplasma division called “endodyogeny” was examined, as well as the development of the rosette‐like terminal colonies of parasites. Virulent toxoplasma destroy their host cells. The free toxoplasma show active mobility and are able to invade new cells.
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN MURINE PULMONARY PERTUSSIS
Authors: Cheers Christina 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA test for delayed hypersensitivity to pertussis antigens in mice has been developed. Unlike other infections in which cellular immunity has been implicated, murine pulmonary pertussis showed no correlation between the onset of bactericidal activity and of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity. The implications of this finding are discussed in terms of the interdependence of cellular immunity and delayed hypersensitivity.
DISTRIBUTION OF 125I‐IMMUNOGLOBULINS, IgG SUBUNITS AND ANTIGEN‐ANTIBODY COMPLEXES IN RAT LYMPH NODES
Authors: Herd Zana L , Ada GL 
Published: December 2007

Summary.The ability of rabbit IgG to localize in follicles of rat lymph nodes (heterologous system) has been shown to be due to the Fc fragment. Of the rabbit IgG subunits examined, the H chain and Fc fragment showed follicular localization in rats, while the L chain and Fab fragment did not. Two large peptides from the Fc region of the molecule, C3 and C4, also showed follicuiar localization.Human serum albumin showed follicular localization in rats only when it was complexed with rabbit anti‐human serum albumin intact IgG. Complexes of human serum albumin with rabbit anti‐human serum albumin Fab fragment did not go to the follicles.When major subunits of rabbit IgG were injected into rabbits (homologous system) results were qualitatively the same as those obtained in rats, with one exception. Rabbit Fab localized in follicles of rabbit nodes. It was also found the rat Fab localized in rat follicles.Purified rat IgM has been shown to localize well in rat follicles. All substances examined have shown medullary localization.
ELECTROPHORESIS OF HUMAN SALIVA AND IDENTIFICATION OF INHERITED VARIANTS OF AMYLASE ISOZYMES
Authors: Boettcher B , de la Lande Frances A 
Published: December 2007

SummarySaliva specimens have been examined electrophoretically, using polyacrylamide gel slabs. By slicing the stabs in halves, incubating one half‐gel in starch followed by Staining with iodine and staining the other half‐gel with amido black, amylase isozymes are visualized as bands of enzymic activity, up to 8 in number, 4 of which can usually be seen on amido black staining.Several different isozyme patterns have been observed. The results of pedigree studies suggest simple modes of inheritance of each of the variants. However, because different variants each involve only one or two of the isozymes, it appears that more than one structural gene locus is involved in the production of salivary amylase isozymes.
Incorporating gene networks into statistical tests for genomic data via a spatially correlated mixture model
Authors: Wei Peng , Pan Wei 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMotivation: It is a common task in genomic studies to identify a subset of the genes satisfying certain conditions, such as differentially expressed genes or regulatory target genes of a transcription factor (TF). This can be formulated as a statistical hypothesis testing problem. Most existing approaches treat the genes as having an identical and independent distribution a priori, testing each gene independently or testing some subsets of the genes one by one. On the other hand, it is known that the genes work coordinately as dictated by gene networks. Treating genes equally and independently ignores the important information contained in gene networks, leading to inefficient analysis and reduced power.Results: We propose incorporating gene network information into statistical analysis of genomic data. Specifically, rather than treating the genes equally and independently a priori in a standard mixture model, we assume that gene-specific prior probabilities are correlated as induced by a gene network: while the genes are allowed to have different prior probabilities, those neighboring ones in the network have similar prior probabilities, reflecting their shared biological functions. We applied the two approaches to a real ChIP-chip dataset (and simulated data) to identify the transcriptional target genes of TF GCN4. The new method was found to be more powerful in discovering the target genes.Contact: weip@biostat.umn.edu
The Arabidopsis AtOPT3 Protein Functions in Metal Homeostasis and Movement of Iron to Developing Seeds
Authors: Stacey Minviluz G. , Patel Ami , McClain William E. , Mathieu Melanie , Remley Melissa , Rogers Elizabeth E. , Gassmann Walter , Blevins Dale G. , Stacey Gary 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Arabidopsis thaliana AtOPT3 belongs to the oligopeptide transporter (OPT) family, a relatively poorly characterized family of peptide/modified peptide transporters found in archebacteria, bacteria, fungi, and plants. A null mutation in AtOPT3 resulted in embryo lethality, indicating an essential role for AtOPT3 in embryo development. In this article, we report on the isolation and phenotypic characterization of a second AtOPT3 mutant line, opt3-2, harboring a T-DNA insertion in the 5′ untranslated region of AtOPT3. The T-DNA insertion in the AtOPT3 promoter resulted in reduced but sufficient AtOPT3 expression to allow embryo formation in opt3-2 homozygous seeds. Phenotypic analyses of opt3-2 plants revealed three interesting loss-of-function phenotypes associated with iron metabolism. First, reduced AtOPT3 expression in opt3-2 plants resulted in the constitutive expression of root iron deficiency responses regardless of exogenous iron supply. Second, deregulation of root iron uptake processes in opt3-2 roots resulted in the accumulation of very high levels of iron in opt3-2 tissues. Hyperaccumulation of iron in opt3-2 resulted in the formation of brown necrotic areas in opt3-2 leaves and was more pronounced during the seed-filling stage. Third, reduced AtOPT3 expression resulted in decreased accumulation of iron in opt3-2 seeds. The reduced accumulation of iron in opt3-2 seeds is especially noteworthy considering the excessively high levels of accumulated iron in other opt3-2 tissues. AtOPT3, therefore, plays a critical role in two important aspects of iron metabolism, namely, maintenance of whole-plant iron homeostasis and iron nutrition of developing seeds.
Sucrose Transporter StSUT4 from Potato Affects Flowering, Tuberization, and Shade Avoidance Response
Authors: Chincinska Izabela A. , Liesche Johannes , Krügel Undine , Michalska Justyna , Geigenberger Peter , Grimm Bernhard , Kühn Christina 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSucrose (Suc) transporters belong to a large gene family. The physiological role of SUT1 proteins has been intensively investigated in higher plants, whereas that of SUT4 proteins is so far unknown. All three known Suc transporters from potato (Solanum tuberosum), SUT1, SUT2, and SUT4, are colocalized and their RNA levels not only follow a diurnal rhythm, but also oscillate in constant light. Here, we examined the physiological effects of transgenic potato plants on RNA interference (RNAi)-inactivated StSUT4 expression. The phenotype of StSUT4-RNAi plants includes early flowering, higher tuber production, and reduced sensitivity toward light enriched in far-red wavelength (i.e. in canopy shade). Inhibition of StSUT4 led to tuber production of the strict photoperiodic potato subsp. andigena even under noninductive long-day conditions. Accumulation of soluble sugars and Suc efflux from leaves of transgenic plants are modified in StSUT4-RNAi plants, leading to modified Suc levels in sink organs. StSUT4 expression of wild-type plants is induced by gibberellins and ethephon, and external supply of gibberellic acid leads to even more pronounced differences between wild-type and StSUT4-RNAi plants regarding tuber yield and internode elongation, indicating a reciprocal regulation of StSUT4 and gibberellins.
Molecular Dissection of Variation in Carbohydrate Metabolism Related to Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Accumulation in Stems of Wheat
Authors: Xue Gang-Ping , McIntyre C. Lynne , Jenkins Colin L.D. , Glassop Donna , van Herwaarden Anthony F. , Shorter Ray 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWater-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs; composed of mainly fructans, sucrose [Suc], glucose [Glc], and fructose) deposited in wheat (Triticum aestivum) stems are important carbon sources for grain filling. Variation in stem WSC concentrations among wheat genotypes is one of the genetic factors influencing grain weight and yield under water-limited environments. Here, we describe the molecular dissection of carbohydrate metabolism in stems, at the WSC accumulation phase, of recombinant inbred Seri/Babax lines of wheat differing in stem WSC concentrations. Affymetrix GeneChip analysis of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes revealed that the mRNA levels of two fructan synthetic enzyme families (Suc:Suc 1-fructosyltransferase and Suc:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase) in the stem were positively correlated with stem WSC and fructan concentrations, whereas the mRNA levels of enzyme families involved in Suc hydrolysis (Suc synthase and soluble acid invertase) were inversely correlated with WSC concentrations. Differential regulation of the mRNA levels of these Suc hydrolytic enzymes in Seri/Babax lines resulted in genotypic differences in these enzyme activities. Down-regulation of Suc synthase and soluble acid invertase in high WSC lines was accompanied by significant decreases in the mRNA levels of enzyme families related to sugar catabolic pathways (fructokinase and mitochondrion pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) and enzyme families involved in diverting UDP-Glc to cell wall synthesis (UDP-Glc 6-dehydrogenase, UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase, and cellulose synthase), resulting in a reduction in cell wall polysaccharide contents (mainly hemicellulose) in the stem of high WSC lines. These data suggest that differential carbon partitioning in the wheat stem is one mechanism that contributes to genotypic variation in WSC accumulation.
Gibberellin Regulates Pollen Viability and Pollen Tube Growth in Rice
Authors: Chhun Tory , Aya Koichiro , Asano Kenji , Yamamoto Eiji , Morinaka Yoichi , Watanabe Masao , Kitano Hidemi , Ashikari Motoyuki , Matsuoka Makoto , Ueguchi-Tanaka Miyako 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGibberellins (GAs) play many biological roles in higher plants. We collected and performed genetic analysis on rice (Oryza sativa) GA-related mutants, including GA-deficient and GA-insensitive mutants. Genetic analysis of the mutants revealed that rice GA-deficient mutations are not transmitted as Mendelian traits to the next generation following self-pollination of F1 heterozygous plants, although GA-insensitive mutations are transmitted normally. To understand these differences in transmission, we examined the effect of GA on microsporogenesis and pollen tube elongation in rice using new GA-deficient and GA-insensitive mutants that produce semifertile flowers. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the GA-deficient mutant reduced pollen elongation1 is defective in pollen tube elongation, resulting in a low fertilization frequency, whereas the GA-insensitive semidominant mutant Slr1-d3 is mainly defective in viable pollen production. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that GA biosynthesis genes tested whose mutations are transmitted to the next generation at a lower frequency are preferentially expressed after meiosis during pollen development, but expression is absent or very low before the meiosis stage, whereas GA signal-related genes are actively expressed before meiosis. Based on these observations, we predict that the transmission of GA-signaling genes occurs in a sporophytic manner, since the protein products and/or mRNA transcripts of these genes may be introduced into pollen-carrying mutant alleles, whereas GA synthesis genes are transmitted in a gametophytic manner, since these genes are preferentially expressed after meiosis.
Minichromosome Analysis of Chromosome Pairing, Disjunction, and Sister Chromatid Cohesion in Maize
Authors: Han Fangpu , Gao Zhi , Yu Weichang , Birchler James A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWith the advent of engineered minichromosome technology in plants, an understanding of the properties of small chromosomes is desirable. Twenty-two minichromosomes of related origin but varying in size are described that provide a unique resource to study such behavior. Fourteen minichromosomes from this set could pair with each other in meiotic prophase at frequencies between 25 and 100%, but for the smaller chromosomes, the sister chromatids precociously separated in anaphase I. The other eight minichromosomes did not pair with themselves, and the sister chromatids divided equationally at meiosis I. In plants containing one minichromosome, the sister chromatids also separated at meiosis I. In anaphase II, the minichromosomes progressed to one pole or the other. The maize (Zea mays) Shugoshin protein, which has been hypothesized to protect centromere cohesion in meiosis I, is still present at anaphase I on minichromosomes that divide equationally. Also, there were no differences in the level of phosphorylation of Ser-10 of histone H3, a correlate of cohesion, in the minichromosomes in which sister chromatids separated during anaphase I compared with the normal chromosomes. These analyses suggest that meiotic centromeric cohesion is compromised in minichromosomes depending on their size and cannot be maintained by the mechanisms used by normal-sized chromosomes.
A framework to integrate the enterprise domain ontology and organizational change application domain
Authors: Joseph George , George Asha 
Published: December 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a generalized framework that illustrates the potential for the resources, events and agents (REA) model to integrate business strategy and information systems planning. The essential point of connection, the business process, enables the REA to form a complementary platform to integrate strategic change information to support change strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a case study to illustrate application of the framework.FindingsThe framework illustrates how the expanding ontology and semantic granularity and scalability features of the REA enterprise domain ontology, support mapping a range of change strategies structured using Venkataraman's change framework.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is exploratory in nature. The method uses existing case information, but the nature of the work does not lend itself to the traditional descriptive approach.Practical implicationsIntegration of business strategy and information systems planning is critical for organizational success. Poor integration between change initiatives and systems poses a challenge in implementing change strategies. Conceptual models that support change initiatives provide users an effective medium to use domain knowledge to support change strategies.Originality/valueThe paper integrates existing concepts in the REA model (with some modification to the process view of the REA to adapt to multiple change initiatives). To the authors’ knowledge, there are no other papers that have offered a generalized framework for conceptualizing change initiatives of different levels.