bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costs of delay and rent‐seeking under the modification of final judgment
Authors: Rubin Paul H. , Dezhbakhsh Hashem 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUnder the MFJ, the Bell Operating Companies are restricted in the activities they can undertake. Requests for waivers f'mm these restrictions must be approved by the Department of Justice and a Court. Most requests are ultimately approved. If we assume that all such decisions are made correctly, then the costs of delays associated with the approval process are much larger than any reasonable estimate of the benefits of the process. To these costs must be added the substantial costs of rent seeking and of the uncertainty associated with the process.
Deterring predation in telecommunications: Are line‐of‐business restraints needed?
Authors: Gates Susan , Milgrom Paul , Roberts John 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe analyze whether lifting the remaining line‐of‐business restraints in the Modified Final Judgment (thus permitting the Regional Bell Operating Companies to provide interLATA calling services and to manufacture equipment) would plausibly lead the RBOCs to practice predatory pricing. We assume throughout that the regulated portions of the RBOCs' business would be subjected to price‐cap or similar incentive‐based regulation and that equal access to bottleneck services would be enforced. Despite employing a very broad definition of predation, we find that it is highly unlikely that the RBOCs would profitably engage in predatory pricing.
BOC manufacture of telecommunications equipment: An assessment of benefits and competitive risks
Authors: Fisher Franklin M. , Larner Robert J. , Hunter Michael , Serrano Amy Salsbury 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAllowing BOCs to manufacture telecommunications equipment should benefit consumers of telecommunications services because it is likely to result in new and improved products and more efficient production of equipment and services. The sources of these benefits are the technical know‐how, knowledge of customer needs, and financial resources the BOCs would bring to the design, development and production of telecommunications equipment. The risks of anticompetitive or inefficient behavior by BOCs, further diminished by various forms of incentive regulation adopted since 1984, are insufficient to offset the likely benefits of removing the manufacturing ban.
The effect of enhanced competition on the equity values of the regional bell operating companies
Authors: Green Kevin C. , Lehn Kenneth M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecent developments in the telecommunications industry have increased the likelihood that the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) will face new competition in the market for local telephone services. These developments include (1) regulatory decisions by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to facilitate competitive entry or the application of new technologies (e.g. personal communications services) to the local communications market, and (2) strategic decisions by AT&T, MCI Communications, and Time‐Warner to enter the local communications market. The entry of new firms is expected to reduce the cash flows of the RBOCs. Using the event study methodology, this paper examines the announcement effects of several of these developments on the values of the RBOCs. Collectively, the announcements are associated with a significant decline in the aggregate value of the RBOCs.
Evolution of Hong Kong's electronics industry under a passive industrial policy
Authors: Tuan Chyau , Ng Linda F. Y. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA different version of industrial policy from those of other Asian newly industrialized economies, limited public participation in R&D activities within the business sector in promoting specific industries in particular, has directed the evolution of Hong Kong's electronics industry along a distinct path. Being predominated by smaller manufacturers, the electronics industry showed great differences in technology attainment, product development, production strategies, and export structure and composition under the influence of a passive industrial policy. The timely opening of the Chinese economy in the late 1970s and the absence of a national identity had provided justification for such a policy.
President's Page
Authors: Spector Eileen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis month President Judy Springer has invited Eileen Spector to use this space to make some important observations. Eileen was Persident of the Chicago Chapter for two years. She is now National Awards Committee Chair, as well as Treasurer of the Chicago Chapter. She is a Senior Trainning Specialist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, where she does program development, internal consulting, O. D. and classroom instruction, She specializes in communications, management training, computer user training and basic psychology.
A psychological approach to detrusor instability incontinence in women
Authors: Freeman R. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDetrusor instability is a common cause of urinary incontinence in women. Symptoms are those of urgency and urge incontinence produced by an inability to inhibit the bladder from contracting at inappropriate times. The exact aetiology in the vast majority of cases remains unknown. Treatment is often unsatisfactory. It has been proposed that ‘idiopathic’ detrusor instability is a psychosomatic disorder. Support for this view comes from clinical evidence, the results of psychological questionnaire studies and the results of behavioural treatments, e.g. bladder drill and biofeedback. The effect of hypnosis on patients with detrusor instability has been assessed both subjectively and objectively on urodynamic testing. The short‐term results are good but once formal treatment has been stopped the relapse rate is high as evidenced by the results of two years. It is suggested that if hypnosis is to be effective for the condition then formal treatment should be continued indefinitely.
Surviving ejection from military aircraft: Psychological reactions modifying factors and intervention
Authors: Aveline M. O. , Fowlie D. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSurviving ejection from a military aircraft is a stressful experience. A retrospective study of 175 Royal Air Force ejectees showed that 40 per cent had significant adverse emotional reactions and that the rate of return to operational flying was significantly reduced in this group. Composite vignettes of a satisfactory and a poor outcome are presented, and the role of the psychotherapist in alleviating the commonly encountered emotional reactions is described. Confidential counselling is most helpful. Attention must be paid to the nature, personal meaning and social context of the ejection experience.
Diagnosis and treatment of pathological anxiety
Authors: Sheehan David V. , Soto Sonia 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAnxiety and phobic disorders can be classified as being either endogenous or exogenous and it is the latter that are associated with stressful situations. Panic attacks and phobias are important components and require particular consideration from the point of view of treatment. Both anxiolytics and antidepressants have their places in treatment and alprazolam, combining both modes of action, has been used in studies undertaken by our group. These are reported and suggested treatment strategies are outlined.
Psychiatric aspects of cardiac disorders
Authors: Wheatley David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA number of the aetiological factors associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) have psychogenic components, ie alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, sex, sleep and heredity. Placebo‐controlled trials of anxiolytics in CHD and hypertension have yielded conflicting results. For the cardiac patient suffering from depression, the choice of an antidepressant drug is important in view of the potential cardiotoxicity of the tricyclic compounds. Stresses that produce anxiety in cardiac patients and others may be multiple and varied in nature. At the Stress Clinic at the Maudsley Hospital in London, stratified questionnaires are used to assess a number of different stress factors and the severities of these can then be compared by constructing a stress profile for each patient.
Psychological aspects of patients submitted to mastectomy
Authors: De Souza Aurélio Zecchi , Hegg Roberto , De Aguiar Luiz Fernando , Kesselring Gustavo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe authors studied some psychosocial aspects in 34 breast cancer patients, submitted to mastectomy, through a questionnaire with nine items. They point out the importance of multidisciplinary treatment, emphasizing the psychological and social support which must be given to the mastectomized patient in order to rehabilitate her both at home and at work.
Stress as a precipitating factor in chronic, unstable epilepsy
Authors: Janati Abdorasool , Souheaver Gary T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUnderstanding of possible effects of emotional stress in unstable epilepsy has been difficult due to various definitions of ‘stress’, failure to control for stability of the seizure patients and failure to control for chronicity, age at onset and other factors which might influence results. In this study, 60 middle‐age and older males with chronic, unstable seizures were divided into two groups of equal numbers according to whether an easily identifiable environmental stressor could be listed. No significant differences were found between the two groups when analysed according to: temporal vs non‐temporal lobe seizures; trauma vs non‐trauma aetiologies; simple partial vs generalized seizures; age at onset; and chronicity of seizures. In addition, there were no differences between the stress and non‐stress groups on any of the individual MMPI scales, suggesting that personality styles may not predispose an individual to stress‐related seizures. Results were discussed in terms of previous research which did not consider many of the variables included in this study. The results were discussed to emphasize the importance of being able to identify ‘specific’ environmental stressors.
Stress and professional popular musicians
Authors: Wills Geoffrey I. , Cooper Cary L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study assessed the job satisfaction, mental well‐being and health behaviours of a random sample of 246 popular musicians in the UK. It was found that although a large proportion of musicians are job satisfied, they suffer from above‐average levels of psychological anxiety. The main predictors of lack of mental well‐being are performance anxiety, performance‐related anxiety (eg musical ability not appreciated, loss of skill), poor physical working conditions (eg working at night, performing in substandard circumstances), work overload related to travelling and the impact of the job on social and family life.
Stress and headache: A critical review
Authors: Dermit Susan , Friedman Richard 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlmost all of us, at one time or another, have headaches. A belief held by many is that difficult, stressful, or depressing environmental demands are responsible for their onset. This commonplace notion is among the most compelling in the psychophysiological literature, yet attempts to empirically validate the relationship have been problematic. Examination of the available literature reveals a dearth of evidence from epidemiological and other sources that have traditionally been used to link stress with other disorders such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. In contrast, the wealth of laboratory data designed to examine the effects of acute stress on the physiological responses implicated in headache genesis have yielded contradictory findings. Refinements in knowledge of the biochemical and psychological pathophysiology of chronic headaches would enhance the ability to establish a firm link in the stress‐headache relationship. In the meantime, the available evidence warrants a decidedly less sanguine attitude towards the association than that held by most patients, and indeed. by most medical practitioners.
Stress responses to two invasive medical investigations: Left‐sided colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy
Authors: Fox Elaine , O'Boyle Ciaran A. , Lennon John 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInvasive medical investigations constitute significant stressful events for many patients. Data are presented from 60 adult patients undergoing either left‐sided colonoscopy (N=47) or sigmoidoscopy (N=13). Stress responses were measured by means of objective and subjective ratings and by indices of cardiovascular arousal. Eighty‐five per cent of patients rated the procedure as painful, 68 per cent reported anxiety about undergoing the procedure again, and heart‐rate was significantly elevated during the test. Experienced pain was the determining factor in the patients' perception of the stressfulness of the procedure. The colonoscopist tended to underestimate the degree of patient discomfort, and also the need for drug intervention. The results suggest that some form of premedication would help patients cope with these stressful investigations. It is clear that analgesic rather than anxiolytic premedication would be most appropriate in this population.
Stresses in the lives of parents of children with disabilities: Providing effective caregiving
Authors: Shapiro Johanna 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFamilies of children with significant developmental delays and disabilities must contend with stressors produced both by the prejudices and fears, the ‘countertransference’ reactions, of the larger society, and by the conflicts and griefs which arise within the family's own interactions and dynamics. The nature and substance of these stresses are reviewed, both from a societal context and from the context of the nuclear family environment. Themes of social deviance, isolation, and blame attributión are examined, as are problematic parent ‐ professional relationships, and the impact of a disabled child on various family subsystems. Therapeutic responses to chronic family stresses appropriate to a range of health care professionals are explored. The article concludes with a summary of caregiving strategies helpful in developing healing relationships with families of children with disabilities.
Depression and immune function
Authors: Irwin Michael 
Published: June 2007

AbstractClinical studies have demonstrated that measures of cell‐mediated immune function are altered in bereaved persons and depressed patients. This review article focuses on our recent observations of changes in T cell subpopulations and natural killer cytotoxicity in women undergoing adverse life events including conjugal bereavement. A reduction in natural cytotoxicity has also been found in depressed patients. The mechanism by which psychologic states might influence immune function is discussed.
Natural killer cells: One possible link between cancer and the mind
Authors: Greer Steven , Brady Marianne 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe prognostic significance of mental adjustment to cancer in patients with early, non‐metastatic disease has been reported in two independent studies. A crucial question arises, namely, what are the biological mechanisms which mediate this apparent effect? The role of natural killer cells as one possible mediator is considered. Evidence concerning (i) the relationship between psychological stress and natural killer cell activity, (ii) the biological mechanisms mediating psychological influence on natural killer cell activity, and (iii) the function of natural killer cell activity in defence against cancer is reviewed.
Erectile impotence and its management
Authors: Williams Gordon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe use of pharmacologically‐induced penile erections is a most promising mode of diagnosis and treatment of erectile impotence. A combination of papaverine and phentolamine is injected into the corpora cavernosa and the resultant erection usually lasts 2‐4 hours. Insertion of penile prosthesis is expensive with a significant number of complications; whilst penile arterial revascularisation needs to be used very selectively for even moderately successful results to be achieved. Self‐injection of the drugs can be taught and this technique appears to be an extremely safe and useful form of treatment for the majority of men with erectile impotence.
Gender differences in psychological and cortisol responses to distress: A five‐year follow‐up of patients with back pain
Authors: Hyyppá Markku T. , Alaranta Hannu , Hurme Matti , Nykvist Finn , Lahtel Kari 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo further evaluate gender‐related coping strategies, clinical and psychological characteristics of patients with low back pain were related to their serum cortisol levels on admission to hospital and at five‐year follow‐up after operation and/or rehabilitation.Women expressed more somatization and depression than did men on admission, but gender difference disappeared during follow‐up while depressive feeling tended to decrease. Men had more cortisol in blood in the afternoon. Sex explained a significant proportion of the variance in cortisol values at admission, whereas depression, sex and operation contributed to variance at follow‐up.It was concluded that gender differences in psychological coping with distress modify cortisol responses to the experience of low back pain.
Do anxiety patients with or without frequent panic attacks differ in their respnse to stress?
Authors: Albus M. , Braune St. , Höhn Th. , Scheibe G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo evaluate different responses in norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), heart rate (HR), electrodermal activity (EDA) and subjective ratings to a ‘neutral’ and a ‘patient‐specific’ stressor we compared nine anxiety patients with three or more panic attacks during the past week, 10 patients with no panic attacks during the past week and 10 controls, at baseline as well as during two stressors: a videotape containing horror scenes and a tape showing a patient having a panic attack. Both patient groups exhibited higher base levels of panicky feelings, anxiety, nervousness, NE and EDA. The panic attack tape proved a stressor that induced significantly more pronounced increases in subjective bodily symptoms, NE, E and EDA in the patients with three or more panic attacks. Our data suggest that patients with frequent panic attacks show higher reactivity to a stimulus that recalls previous experiences of panic attacks.
Anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs: Changes in behaviour and endocrine responses
Authors: File Sandra E. , Johnston Amanda L. , Baldwin Helen A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn order to examine the link between changes in behaviour in animal tests of anxiety and the corticosterone stress response, this article: (1) reviews the changes in plasma corticosterone conentrations when rats are exposed to animal tests of anxiety; (2) describes the effect in animal tests of anxiety of administering CRF, ACTH and corticosterone; (3) describes the effects of the benzodiazepines and other anxiolytic drugs on plasma corticosterone concentrations of stressed and unstressed animals; (4) describes the effects on stressed and unstressed corticosterone concentrations of administering anxiogenic drugs. It is concluded that an antistress effect is not a necessary consequence of an anxiolytic drug action and that a prostress effect may not necessarily predict an anxiogenic drug action.
The drug treatment of anxiety and panic disorder
Authors: Rickels Karl , Case Warren G. , Schweizer Edward 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe mainstay of drug treatment of non‐psychotic anxiety is the benzodiazepine group of drugs, but major side‐effects are sedation and dose‐related psychomotor, cognitive and memory impairments. However, tolerance to sedation‐related side‐effects usually develops, although not to the anxiolytic effects. Buspirone, an azaspiro‐decanedione, is the first FDA‐approved non‐benzodiazepine anxiolytic. Anxiolytic efficacy similar to the benzodiazepines has been established, although the onset of effect is more gradual. Infrequent side‐effects are dizziness, nausea, headaches, nervousness and lightheadedness; but it would not appear to cause sedation, memory effects or physical dependence. In a double‐blind prospective study to compare buspirone to clorazepate, withdrawal effects occurred with the latter but not with the former. In formulating treatment strategies for anxiety and panic disorders, consideration should be given to the duration of symptoms and likely duration of therapy, and anxiolytics should be titrated to the lowest possible dose consistent with maximal relief of anxiety and the least adverse effects.
A behaviorally oriented stress reduction program and its effects upon self‐reported gastric complaints
Authors: Uhes Michael J. , Sweet Andrew A. , Cowles Suzette 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe response of common but disturbing gastric complaints to psychological intervention has not been studied despite evidence that clinical levels of gastrointestinal disorders respond to treatment. The present study examines the effect of a behaviorally oriented stress reduction program on such self‐reported gastrointestinal complaints among a group of 179 subjects. Pre‐and post‐treatment measures were obtained on the frequency of indigestion, nausea, ulcer attacks, colitis, diarrhea, and constipation complaints. Significant decreases were found from pre to post indigestion, nausea, colitis, diarrhea, and constipation and significant decreases were maintained at follow‐up for indigestion, nausea and constipation complaints. These results suggest that relief from common gastric complaints may be obtained from a behaviorally oriented treatment program, and that such a program may also affect the potential development of maladaptive learned gastric response habits.
Autogenic training in mild essential hypertension: A placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Rossi Nicolino , Caldari Roberto , Costa F. Vittorio , Ambrosioni Ettore 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAutogenic training has been tested in 10 previously untreated patients with mild essential hypertension by performing a placebo‐controlled study during a period of six months. Autogenic training induces a significant decrease of both casual (12–15 mmHg) and baseline (7–20 mmHg) systolic blood pressure. No significant decrease incasual diastolic significantly only at the fifth month when patients were still on placebo. No significant decreases in casual diastolic blood pressure and in heart rate were recorded. Autogenic training exerted a positive influence in psychoneurotic symptoms. It is concluded that this kind of therapeutic approach can be tried only in young patients with mild or labile systolic hypertension or as a support to pharmacological treatment.
Unemployment and mortality
Authors: Iversen Lars 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe literature concerning unemployment and mortality is reviewed. Studies on the aggregate level do not show a systematic relation between unemployment and mortality on a societal level. Longitudinal studies in which cohorts of unemployed and employed people are followed up for 10 years show SMR values from about 110 to 200. These studies do not include information on health status before the onset of unemployment and therefore do not present adequate possibilities for evaluating the extent and significance of health‐related selection. Unemployment is a psychosocial stressor that threatens the identity, self‐esteem, social network and economy of unemployed people. Studies on psychological well‐being show that unemployment as a stressor is modified by a number of factors, such as various coping patterns. We put forward the hypothesis that when unemployment is an element of downward mobility it is particularly damaging and may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Finally, we emphasize the need for a more flexible theory on unemployment as a stressor and for regarding unemployment as a dynamic element in a person's relation to the labour market.