bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor‐α up‐regulates glucuronosyltransferase gene expression in human brain endothelial cells and promotes T‐cell adhesion
Authors: Dasgupta Somsankar , Yanagisawa Makoto , Krishnamurthy Kannan , Liour Sean S. , Yu Robert K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractStimulation of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (SV‐HCECs) with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) up‐regulates sulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside (SGPG) synthesis in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. After TNF‐α exposure at a concentration of 50 ng/ml for 24 hr, we observed a seven‐ to tenfold elevation of SGPG concentration. Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) at a concentration of 10 ng/ml and the combined doses of TNF‐α and IL‐1β were less effective than TNF‐α alone. TNF‐α also stimulated T‐cell (Jurkat) adhesion with SV‐HCECs via SGPG‐L‐selectin recognition: this was determined by double‐label immunofluorescent staining with SGPG and L‐selectin antibodies. The number of T cells bound to SV‐HCECs after different cytokine stimulations was proportional to the SGPG concentration, and the cell attachment was inhibited by anti‐SGPG and anti‐L‐selectin antibodies, respectively. Our data unequivocally establish that inflammatory cytokines, particularly TNF‐α, stimulate the glucuronosyltransferse, GlcAT‐P, and GlcAT‐S, gene expression in brain endothelial cells and promote T‐cell adhesion via SGPG‐L‐selectin recognition, a preliminary step for onset of neuroinflammation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of surfactants for use in the spray treatment of iron chlorosis in citrus trees
Authors: Neumann Peter M. , Prinz R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWetting and stomatal penetration of plant leaves by spray solutions can be obtained when the surface tension of the spray solution is sufficiently low. Low surface tension fluorocarbon and silicone‐based surfactants were active at lower concentrations and were found to be less harmful to plant cell membranes than a comparable carbohydrate‐based surfactant. A silicone‐based surfactant greatly increased the efficiency of iron solutions sprayed onto chlorotic citrus trees.
Chemical changes and diastatic activity in grains of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars during germination
Authors: Subramanian Vaidyanathan , Murty Daita S , Rao Neppalli Sambasiva , Jambunathan Ramamurthi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGrain samples from nine sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) cultivars were germinated for 16, 48, 96 and 144 h, and changes in their diastatic activity, protein, starch, soluble sugars, tannin and total phenols contents were studied. The diastatic activity increased up to 96 h of germination and decreased at 144 h. Diastatic activity showed significant variation among cultivars, which ranged from 10.0 to 88.3 units at 48 h and from 20.0 to 150.4 units at 96 h germination. In general, starch content decreased while soluble sugars increased during germination. Variation in protein content during germination was appreciable among the cultivars.
Nutritional evaluation of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus as a protein source
Authors: Shlomai Pinhas , Margalith Pinhas , Mokady Shoshana 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe quality of the protein of the carotenogenic fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus Burgeff, strain NRRL 1555 ( ‐ ), was evaluated with rats and observed to have a protein efficiency ratio of 1.4. The limiting amino acids were tryptophan, sulphur‐containing amino acids, lysine and isoleucine. Upon incorporation into diets containing 100 g kg−1 protein the proportions of the above mentioned amino acids of the optimal recommended dietary allowances for growing rats were 33.0%, 57.4%, 74.5% and 87.2% respectively. Furthermore, the fungal protein was found to contain an excess of histidine about eight fold more than the recommended dietary allowance for growing rats. Some safety aspects were examined and, although the fungus was consumed in high dietary concentrations, 242 g kg−1 of the diet, no pronounced toxicological effects were observed.
Epoxy and cyclopropenoid fatty acids in Amaranthus paniculatus seed oil
Authors: Mahmood Chirag , Daulatabad Jehan D , Hosamani Kallappa M 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAmaranthus paniculatus (L) syn Amaranthus caudatus, (L) seed oil contains palmitic (19‐4%), stearic (3‐9%), oleic (21‐9%), linoleic (43‐9%), vernolic (7‐8%), malvalic (1‐5%) and sterculic (1‐6%) acids. These fatty acids were characterised by IR, NMR, MS and GLC techniques and by chemical degradations.
Phenolic acids released from bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) by sequential sodium hydroxide treatment in relation to biodegradation of cell types
Authors: Akin Danny E , Hartley Roy D , Rigsby Luanne L , Morrison W Herbert 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSections of solvent‐extracted bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L Pers) leaf blades were treated sequentially with increasing concentrations of sodium hydroxide. The amounts of saponifiable phenolic acid monomers and cyclobutane dimers released and the digestibility of the treated blades (ie % dry weight loss) were determined. Leaf sections were examined by scanning electron microscopy for biodegradation of cell types and histochemically (light microscopy) for lignin after treatment with sodium hydroxide. Treatment with 0.1 m sodium hydroxide for 1 h resulted in only minor changes from untreated sections. However, this treatment for 24 h released 86% of the ferulic acid, 65% of the dimers, and c 50% of the p‐coumaric acid. Digestibility was increased from 6.5% in the untreated control to 56.6%. Substantial loss of the slowly biodegradable tissues (ie epidermis and parenchyma bundle sheath) and partial biodegradation and disruption of the refractory tissues (ie sclerenchyma, xylem and mestome sheath) occurred; histochemical reactions for lignin were less intense after NaOH treatment. Treatment with 1 m sodium hydroxide for 24 h released 50% of the p‐coumaric acid and the remainder of the alkali‐extractable ferulic acid and dimers, increased digestibility to 72%, and increased biodegradation of mesophyll and phloem. Mestome sheath cell walls only gave a histochemical reaction for phenolics and the reaction was weak after 1 m NaOH treatment. Alkali treatment increased the biodegradation of all cell types, with lignified tissues reduced to single‐cell fibres after 1 and 2 m treatments.
Correlation of stress corrosion cracking behaviour with electrical conductivity and open circuit potential in Al‐Li‐Cu‐Mg‐Zr alloys
Authors: Ghosh K. S. , Das K. , Chatterjee U. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractStudies of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour by slow strain rate test (SSRT), potentiodynamic electrochemical polarization and measurement of electrical resistivity were carried out on 8090 and 1441 Al‐Li‐Cu‐Mg‐Zr alloys in their peak aged T8, over aged T7 and retrogressed and reaged (RRA) T77 tempers. It has been found that the SCC resistance is maximum in the T7 temper, least in the T8 temper and in the RRA T77 tempers it lies in between to that of the T8 and T7 tempers, indicating that RRA heat treatment given to the T8 temper of both alloys caused an improvement of SCC resistance. Further, studies on the electrical conductivity measurements and electrochemical polarization of all tempers of both alloys showed that T7 temper has maximum electrical conductivity and most negative (anodic) open circuit potential (OCP), T8 has the minimum and the least respectively, whereas, in the T77 tempers these values lie in between to those of the T8 and T7 tempers. Therefore, a definite pattern of variation of these results with RRA treatment draws an attention to correlate SCC behaviour, electrical conductivity and OCP values which are explained on the basis of microstructural features revealed by TEM and XRD studies.
Experimental vascularized bone transplantations
Authors: Tamai Susumu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe postoperative hypertropy of the vascularized fibula graft is of particular interest. In order to clarify the etiology of the hypertrophy, we conducted experimental projects on vascularized bone grafts using fluorochrome bone labelings, his‐tomorphometry and measurement of blood flow in rats and rabbits. In the murine vascularized tibio‐fibula graft for bone defects of the tibia, where mechanical stress to the graft can be expected, cross‐sectional bone growth was maintained with acceleration of new bone formation and an alteration of growth direction at 3 weeks after the transplantation. In vascularized bone grafts where no mechanical stress to the graft is expected, more bone resorption was seen than bone formation. In the murine tail bone graft to a bony defect of the femur, the cancellous bone gradually disappeared, and the trabeculae took on an architecture characteristic of the femur. This process slowly transforms the graft into a femur with the morphologic features of a long bone. These results suggested that remodeling of the graft corresponding with the changes in the dynamic environment was accompanied by adequate resorption. The cross‐age transplantation of vascularized tibio‐fibula grafts in rats showed that the younger the donor, the faster the hypertrophy. Age is one of the important factors affecting remodeling of the vascularized bone graft. The blood flow of the grafted bone in the rabbits increased immediately after the transplantation as a reaction to surgery. Thereafter the blood flow of the graft may depend on the biological demands for new bone formation in adapting to the biomechanical environment of the recipient site. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technique of total hepatectomy in the rat
Authors: Lorenzo Michele , Angrisani Luigi , Ventriglia Renato , Ismail Tariq , Tesauro Beniamino 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a novel one‐stage technique of total hepatectomy in the rat, in which the liver is replaced by an autologous prosthesis. This prosthesis is obtained from a donor rat, and consists of the subhepatic vena cava and the left renal vein harvested en block. This graft is sutured with the subdiaphragmatic cava and linked with cuffs to the subhepatic vena cava and the portal vein in the donor rat. This procedure is associated with a very low operative mortality. Rats with glucose and plasma‐expander infusions survived for a mean time of 23 ± 9 hr. This technique of total hepatectomy can be considered a valid and reproducible model of true anhepaty for metabolic and survival studies with liver support systems. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nerve regenerating effect of short‐course administration of cyclosporine after fresh peripheral nerve allotransplantation in the rat: Comparison of nerve regeneration using different forms of donor nerve allografts
Authors: Muramatsu Keiichi , Doi Kazuteru , Kawai Shinya 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThere is almost universal agreement that if cyclosporine (CsA), which is a potent immunosuppressant, is temporarily administered after surgery, regenerated axons will be maintained even after withdrawal of CsA following peripheral nerve allotransplantation. Thus, this experimental study was conducted to investigate whether a difference in donor nerve form, including thickness and length, influences nerve regeneration after withdrawal of immunosuppression with CsA. The findings suggest that as a result of immunosuppression with CsA, large‐diameter nerve grafts are better able to induce nerve regeneration than small‐diameter grafts, and after withdrawal of the immunosuppressant, thick nerve grafts are also better able to preserve regenerated axons against the rejection reaction than thin grafts. With regard to the length of the grafted nerve, short nerve allografts yield higher axon counts than long ones, the same as with autografts. The best way to induce nerve regeneration appears to be to transplant a short, thick nerve allograft, which is definitely capable of inducing many regenerated axons. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of ischemia and three different perfusion solutions on the rabbit epiphyseal growth plate
Authors: Shimizu Hiroyuki , Tsai Tsu‐Min , Firrell John C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn isolated vascularized knee joint model was used (1) to determine the minimum ischemia time that produced growth retarding damage to the epiphyseal plate and (2) to evaluate whether intra‐arterial perfusion could reduce the ischemia damage. Experiment 1 consisted of 31 rabbits in 5 groups: 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hr of warm ischemia produced by clamping the pedicle. Experiment 2 consisted of 18 rabbits in which 10 ml of one of (1) Euro‐Collins, (2) University of Wisconsin solution, or (3) heparinized blood were perfused through the joint without ischemia. Experiment 3 consisted of 21 rabbits in which one of the three solutions was perfused for a short period during 6 hr of ischemia. Growth of the tibia was followed radiographically every month over 3 months, and the growth plates were evaluated histologically after sacrifice. Results showed that at least 6 hr of ischemia was needed before longitudinal growth was reduced; less ischemia time caused overgrowth. Histologic damage was found in all animals to some degree. Perfusion alone without ischemia had no detrimental effect on growth or histology. The growth reduction at 6 hr of ischemia was minimized by perfusion with every solution. Heparinized blood was the most effective and Euro‐Collins was the least effective. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relaxation of solvent protons by paramagnetic ions and its dependence on magnetic field and chemical environment: implications for NMR imaging
Authors: Koenig Seymour H. , Brown Rodney D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractParamagnetic ions have been used to alter the magnetic relaxation rates 1/T1 and 1/T2 of solvent water protons since the first observations of a proton resonance signal almost four decades ago. The earliest theories of relaxation indicated that the influence of solute paramagnetic ions on relaxation rates of solvent protons should depend both on the chemical environment of the solute ions and on the magnetic field strength. Much knowledge, both experimental and theoretical, has since been amassed regarding relaxation effects in solutions of hydrated ions (aquoions) and of complexes of these ions with macromolecules, mainly proteins. The phenomena are well understood at this point, though the understanding is more retrospective than predictive for ion‐protein complexes. Nonetheless, from what is now known about homogeneous solutions, and from current reports on the introduction of paramagnetic ions into tissue to alter contrast in NMR images by affecting relaxation rates, it is clear that the solution results are particularly germane, and transferable, to tissue investigations. The main features of relaxation of solvent protons in the presence of solute paramagnetic ions, as hydrated aquoions and complexed with protein, are presented here, with attention to those ions most relevant to in vivo studies, and with emphasis on the influence of the magnetic field and the chemical environment of these ions on solvent proton relaxation rates.
Measurement of intracellular oxygen concentration using the spin label TEMPOL
Authors: Morse Philip D. , Swartz Harold M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have developed a noninvasive method with general applicability for measuring intracellular oxygen using the spin label TEMPOL (2, 2, 6, 6‐tetramethypiperidine‐N‐oxyl‐4‐ol) which has superhyperfine structure in its electron spin resonance spectra that is broadened in the presence of oxygen. This broadening is linear over a range of 1 to 6 ppm oxygen which covers the important physiological range of oxygen concentration. Viscosity, TEMPOL concentration, and instrument modulation intensity also can affect superhyperfine structure but the contributions from these effects can be determined. The TEMPOL distributes equally into the intra‐and extracellular compartments but its intracellular signal can be studied selectively by addition of transition metal ions such as potassium ferricyanide and potassium tris (oxalato)chromiate, which broaden away the signal from extracellular TEMPOL and do not cross the cell membrane to affect the intracellular TEMPOL Results with a cell culture line (mouse thymus‐bone marrow) indicate that under our experimental conditions these cells may maintain an average intracellular oxygen concentration lower than the extracellular oxygen concentration, and that there is not a constant relationship between extracellular and intracellular oxygen concentrations.
One‐ and two‐dimensional EPR imaging studies on Phantoms and Plant specimens
Authors: Fujii Hirotada , Berliner Lawrence J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe advantages of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging at L‐band frequencies are discussed. The construction and calibration of a low‐field L‐band EPR imaging spectrometer is described with capillary phantoms containing aqueous nitroxides as paramagnetic imaging agents. The peak separation induced by the magnetic field gradient is related to the object separation. The linewidth of each (first‐derivative) line is used to calculate the dimensions of each paramagnetic object, which is the sum of an intrinsic and a gradient‐induced component. By extrapolating the linewidth back to zero field gradient, one obtains the intrinsic linewidth correction factor in computing image size. The nonuniformity caused by deterioration of biological substructure was examined with plant stems where one capillary vessel had become leaky. Spin‐label destruction, particularly by biological reducing agents, was compared for three species of plant stems.
A comparison of T1 measurements at 1.7 and 3.4 MHz in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Smith F. W. , Cherryman G. R. , Steyn J. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo compare the specificity of T1 measurement for the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma in vivo, two groups of patients with clinically enlarged prostate glands have been imaged. One group comprising 25 patients was imaged at 1.7 MHz the other comprising 51 patients at 3.4 MHz. T1 measurements together with the gross anatomical appearances of the prostate gland were observed and compared with the clinical and histologic diagnoses. At 1.7 MHz it was found that the T1 measurement of carcinoma of the prostate and benign hypertrophy of the prostate fell into two distinct ranges with no overlap between the two conditions. Three false‐positive diagnoses of carcinoma were made in patients with prostatitis where the T1 values fell in the upper part of the carcinoma range. T1 measurement in the group studied at 3.4 MHz demonstrated no specific value for either condition and diagnosis of malignancy had to be made from the morphologic appearances of the gland. Morphologically benign hypertrophy appeared homogeneous while carcinoma appeared heterogeneous with small areas of increased T1 in the malignant part of the gland.
SHARP NMR Biomedical Spatial Localization
Authors: Hasenfeld Andrew 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn application of the Slepian‐Pollak‐Landau “time and band limited functions” is found in NMR imaging. The precise context is best described by the rotating‐frame dynamics of the Bloch equations, where an analogy is made to the problem of simultaneously concentrating a function in time and frequency. The appropriately modulated rf fields are found to yield excellent response characteristics when used in numerical simulations of the Bloch equations.© 1985 Academic Press,Inc.
High‐order coils as transmitters for NMR imaging
Authors: Sotgiu Antonello , Hyde James S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHigh‐order radiofrequency transmitter coils are described that permit, in the context of NMR imaging, a knowledgeable trade‐off between coil complexity and the degree of inhomogeneity over a specified volume of space. A mathematical formulation of high‐order coils is developed for an axially symmetric polarizing de field and transverse rf field. The field is created by a number of longitudinal current filaments with equal angular separations on the wall of a cylinder. In its most general form, each current can be independently specified. Circularly or linearly polarized fields can be created. Quadrature and saddleshaped coils emerge as special cases of the general formulation. The development has been tested experimentally and good agreement found. High‐order coils can also be used as receivers, permitting more equal weighting of the sensitivities of each pixel. © 1986 Academic Press, Inc.
Transmission line matching of surface coils
Authors: Martin Joel F. , Daly Charles P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTuning of surface coils is often difficult to accomplish in vivo since the exact coil loading is impossible to prediet in advance. This technical difficulty was obviated through use of a transmission line matching scheme. This technique has been successfully used at a variety of frequencies for imaging and spectroscopy. © 1986 Academic Press, Inc.
In vivo31P NMR studies of avian dystrophic muscles
Authors: Narayana P. A. , Delayre J. L. , Misra L. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn vivo 31P NMR studies of normal and dystrophic pectoralis muscles of chicks were carried out in the age group of 2 to 8 weeks. It was observed that the ratios [PCr]/[Pi] and [PCr]/[ATP] were essentially the same in both normal and dystrophic muscles. The cellular pH for normal muscles however, was found to be higher (7.24 ± 0.08) compared to the dystrophic muscles (7.0 ± 0.07). © 1986 Academic Press, Inc.
Relaxometry of ferritin solutions and the influence of the Fe3+ core ions
Authors: Koenig Seymour H. , Brown Rodney D. , Gibson John F. , Ward Roberta J. , Peters Timothy J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe magnetic field dependence of 1/T1 over the range 0.01 to 50 MHz proton Larmor frequency (NMRD profile) is reported for water protons in solutions of horse spleen apoferritin, and of ferritin reconstituted at both low and high iron levels. The apoferritin results are in every way typical of diamagnetic spherical proteins of their size (K. Hallenga and S. H. Koenig, Biochemistry 15, 4255 (1976)). Titration of up to 24 ferrous ions per protein molecule, with subsequent oxidation to ferric, shows a nonlinear saturating contribution to the NMRD profile which is interpreted as arising from a small number of ferric ions (six to eight) bound close to the outside of each ferritin molecule, and a comparable number of interior sites. The latter become multiply occupied as the core grows and do not contribute measurably to 1/T1 in this state. The former sites are never more than singly occupied, and their contribution to the solvent proton relaxation rates is independent of the loading of the core. Measurements of 1/T2 at 20 MHz are quite in accord with theoretical expectations for apoferritin and ferritin with up to 24 ferric ions per molecule. However, a marked increase in 1/T2 is observed at higher iron loadings that we are unable to account for within the framework of the theory of outer sphere relaxation, even when the effects arising from inhomogeneities in the local magnetic field are included. A sample of human spleen hemosiderin was found to have the same 1/T1 NMRD profile as a comparable sample of ferritin. © 1986 Academic Press, Inc.
Fat and water separation at 0.23 T using simultaneous shift selective imaging
Authors: Hennig J. , Friedburg H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBased on the principle of selective inversion of the fat or water signal we have developed a method which allows the simultaneous acquisition of separated fat and water images. In combination with multiecho techniques, this allows the determination of shift selective relaxation times. A detailed analysis of the relaxation behavior of a human leg at 0.23 T shows that T2 of fat and water can differ by a factor of two or more. We think, that the potential of MRI for differential diagnosis can be greatly enhanced using our method. © 1986 Academic Press, Inc.