bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of Hypertension and Renal Damage After Cessation of High-Salt Diet in Dahl Rats
Authors: Arkhipov Sergey N. , Liao Tang-Dong , Potter D’Anna L. , Bobbitt Kevin R. , Ivanov Veniamin , Ortiz Pablo A. , Pavlov Tengis S. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Every year, thousands of patients with hypertension reduce salt consumption in an effort to control their blood pressure. However, hypertension has a self-sustaining character in a significant part of the population. We hypothesized that chronic hypertension leads to irreversible renal damage that remains after removing the trigger, causing an elevation of the initial blood pressure.

METHODS:
Dahl salt-sensitive rat model was used for chronic, continuous observation of blood pressure. Rats were fed a high salt diet to induce hypertension, and then the diet was switched back to normal sodium content.

RESULTS:

We found that developed hypertension was irreversible by salt cessation: after a short period of reduction, blood pressure grew even higher than in the high-salt phase. Notably, the self-sustaining phase of hypertension was sensitive to benzamil treatment due to sustaining epithelial sodium channel hyperactivity, as shown with patch-clamp analysis. Glomerular damage and proteinuria were also irreversible. In contrast, some mechanisms, contributing to the development of salt-sensitive hypertension, normalized after salt restriction. Thus, flow cytometry demonstrated that dietary salt reduction in hypertensive animals decreased the number of total CD45
+
, CD3
+
CD4
+
, and CD3
+
CD8
+
cells in renal tissues. Also, we found tubular recovery and improvement of glomerular filtration rate in the postsalt period versus a high-salt diet.

CONCLUSIONS:
Based on earlier publications and current data, poor response to salt restriction is due to the differential contribution of the factors recognized in the developmental phase of hypertension. We suggest that proteinuria or electrolyte transport can be prioritized over therapeutic targets of inflammatory response.
Few sex differences in regional gray matter volume growth trajectories across early childhood
Authors: Long Madison , Ostertag Curtis , Reynolds Jess E. , Zheng Jing , Landman Bennett , Huo Yuankai , Forkert Nils D. , Lebel Catherine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSex-specific developmental differences in brain structure have been documented in older children and adolescents, with females generally showing smaller overall brain volumes and earlier peak ages than males. However, sex differences in gray matter structural development in early childhood are less studied. We characterized sex-specific trajectories of gray matter volume development in children aged 2–8 years. We acquired anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain at the Alberta Children's Hospital in 123 typically developing children. Most children were scanned multiple times, for a total of 393 scans (mean = 3.2 scans/subject). We segmented T1-weighted structural MRI with MaCRUISE to define 116 regions and measured both absolute volumes (mm3) and proportional volumes (percent of intracranial volume). We characterized growth trajectories of gray matter volume for these brain regions between 2 and 8 years using mixed-effects models, showing volume increases, with most posterior and temporo-parietal regions peaking before 8 years. We found widespread main effects of sex, with males having larger volumes in 86% of brain regions. However, there were no significant sex differences in trajectories (age or age2 terms) for absolute volume. Proportional volumes of the right occipital fusiform gyrus and left medial postcentral gyrus showed significant age-by-sex interactions where females had steeper volume decreases than males. This study also confirms regional patterns observed in previous studies of older children, such as posterior-to-anterior timing of brain maturation. These results provide a comprehensive picture of gray matter volume development across early childhood, and suggest that sex differences do not emerge until later in development.
Anthropogenic Changes in Interannual-to-Decadal Climate Variability in CMIP6 Multiensemble Simulations
Authors: Coquereau Arthur , Sévellec Florian , Huck Thierry , Hirschi Joël J.-M. , Hochet Antoine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
As well as having an impact on the background state of the climate, global warming due to human activities could affect its natural oscillations and internal variability. In this study, we use four initial-condition ensembles from the CMIP6 framework to investigate the potential evolution of internal climate variability under different warming pathways for the twenty-first century. Our results suggest significant changes in natural climate variability and point to two distinct regimes driving these changes. The first is a decrease in internal variability of surface air temperature at high latitudes and all frequencies, associated with a poleward shift and the gradual disappearance of sea ice edges, which we show to be an important component of internal variability. The second is an intensification of the interannual variability of surface air temperature and precipitation at low latitudes, which appears to be associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This second regime is particularly alarming because it may contribute to making the climate more unstable and less predictable, with a significant impact on human societies and ecosystems.
A longitudinal study on the effects of social support on self-stigma, psychiatric symptoms, and personal and social functioning in community patients with severe mental illnesses in China
Authors: Ma Ning , Chen Runzi , Bai Yu , Zhang Wufang , Chen Zecong , Zhou Jun , Cao Yajie , Wen Liping , Chen Xiaobing , Zhan Xuhui , Fan Yunge 
Published: April 2024

Background: Few studies have examined whether social support contributes to better consequences among chronic patients with severe mental illnesses (SMI) in their community recovery stage and whether self-stigma would be a mechanism through which social support impacts psychiatric symptoms and personal and social functioning. Aims: This study aimed to examine prospective associations of social support with long-term self-stigma, psychiatric symptoms, and personal and social functioning, and to investigate whether self-stigma would mediate the associations of social support with psychiatric symptoms and personal and social functioning among patients with SMI. Methods: A total of 312 persons with SMI (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) in their community recovery stage participated in the study. Social support, self-stigma, psychiatric symptoms, and personal and social functioning were evaluated at baseline. The follow-up assessment was conducted at 6 months with the baseline measures except for social support. Hierarchical linear regression and mediation analysis were performed. Results: The results showed that baseline social support predicted decreases in stigma (β = −.115, p = .029) and psychiatric symptoms (β = −.193, p < .001), and increases in personal and social functioning (β = .134, p = .008) over 6 months, after adjusting for relevant covariates. Stigma at 6 months partially mediated the association between baseline social support and 6-month psychiatric symptoms (indirect effect: β = −.043, CI [−0.074, −0.018]). Stigma and psychiatric symptoms at 6 months together mediated the association between baseline social support and 6-month personal and social functioning (indirect effect: β = .084, 95% CI [0.029, 0.143]). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide comprehensive social support services and stigma reduction interventions at the community level to improve the prognosis of SMI.
Duration of untreated psychosis and associated sociodemographic and clinical factors in first-episode psychosis: A study from Eastern Nepal
Authors: Limbu Suren , Nepal Suraj , Mishra Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Objective Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is considered an important factor in outcome. Individual, familial and illness factors may prolong DUP. Little data on this issue is available from the country of Nepal. The purpose of the present study was to assess DUP in patients with first-episode psychosis and identify associations with patients’ sociodemographic and clinical factors. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in the department of psychiatry at Tertiary Hospital in the Eastern part of Nepal. Eighty-six patients were enrolled. ICD-10 was used to make the diagnosis. The Nottingham Onset Schedule-DUP version (NOS-DUP) was used to assess DUP. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess patients’ clinical symptoms. Results The mean (SD) DUP was 21.4 (42.1) months and median DUP was 3.0 months (IQR = 23.5). Participants from mountainous regions, those who were unemployed, having an insidious onset of illness, and patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia had significantly longer DUP ( P < .005). Duration of untreated psychosis was also positively correlated with negative symptoms (r = .42, P < .001) and total PANSS score (r = .42, P < .001). Conclusion Duration of untreated psychosis in first-episode psychotic patients was relatively long (compared to studies in other countries) and was found to be positively associated with living in mountainous regions of Nepal, being unemployed, having an insidious onset of illness, and having a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Programs and educational efforts are needed to ensure early treatment of patients with first-episode psychosis, especially in the mountainous rural areas of Nepal.
Psychometric Properties of the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale in Portuguese Pregnant Women
Authors: Nunes Maria Arminda , Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek , Almeida Sofia , Cardoso Alexandrina , Vieira Margarida 
Published: April 2024

Background: Pregnancy provides a privileged and opportune moment to implement interventions promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors and significantly improving perinatal outcomes. The Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale (HLBES) can be used to assess health promoting behaviors, such as diet, physical activity, and mental health. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the HLBES in Portuguese pregnant women. Methods: A methodological study was conducted on a convenience sample of 192 pregnant women receiving prenatal care. After cross-cultural adaptation, an exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency assessment were carried out to evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale. Data collected included the Healthy Lifestyle Beliefs Scale to assess the HLBES’ criterion validity. Results: Exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation yielded 2 subscales that explained 45.23% of the total variance. The scale revealed an overall internal consistency of 0.78 and a good criterion validity with the Healthy Lifestyle Beliefs Scale ( r = 0.65, P < .01). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the HLBES is an instrument for reporting healthy lifestyle behaviors in Portuguese pregnant women; however, further studies are recommended. This scale can be used to not only describe healthy lifestyle behaviors in pregnant women but also to determine the effects of health promoting interventions.
Are Lower Passive Anterior Elevation and External Rotation at 6 Weeks Postoperatively Associated With Healing of Isolated Arthroscopic Supraspinatus Repairs?
Authors: Collin Philippe , Martinho Tiago , Denard Patrick J. , Gain Solenn , Pernoud Anthony , Bothorel Hugo , Lädermann Alexandre 
Published: April 2024

Background: Despite advancements in surgical technique, failure of tendon healing remains a common problem after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between range of motion (ROM) recovery and healing after ARCR. It was hypothesized that an early loss of ROM would be associated with tendon healing. Study design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This was a retrospective comparative study of primary ARCR of isolated full-thickness supraspinatus (SSN) tendon tears. Cases were retrieved from a prospective rotator cuff repair database and divided into 2 groups based on healing (healed/nonhealed). A standardized clinical evaluation was performed before and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Collected data included passive and active ROM, visual analog scale for pain, and Constant score. Healing was assessed by ultrasound at 6 months. Results: Of 1397 eligible ARCRs, 1207 were included. The healing rate was 86.7%. Age was higher in the nonhealed group (57.8 ± 7.9 years vs 61.6 ± 8.8 years; P < .001). Patients with healed repairs had a larger decrease in passive anterior elevation (AE) from the preoperative to the 6-week postoperative visit (–31°± 28° vs −18°± 26°; P < .001), followed by a more substantial increase throughout the remaining follow-up period (32°± 23° vs 18°± 21°; P < .001). At 6 months postoperatively, there was no difference in AE between groups (159°± 17° vs 161°± 14°; P > .999). External rotation elbow at side (ER1) and internal rotation hand in the back (IR1) followed similar courses of recovery. Passive and active ROM had a strong positive correlation at each follow-up. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.45-2.23; P < .001) and 6-week passive AE (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.20-1.48; P < .001) and ER1 (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03-1.29; P = .017) were predictors for nonhealing. Conclusion: Lower passive AE and ER1 at 6 weeks postoperatively and younger age are associated with healing after ARCR of isolated SSN tendon tears. At 6 months postoperatively, there were no differences in ROM, regardless of tendon healing.
Biomechanical Effects of Hindfoot Alignment in Supination External Rotation Malleolar Fractures: A Human Cadaveric Model
Authors: Seidel Angela , Chidda Amal , Perez Virginie , Krause Fabian , Zderic Ivan , Gueorguiev Boyko , Lalonde Karl-Andre , Meulenkamp Brad 
Published: April 2024

Background: Pressure distribution in the ankle joint is known to be dependent on various factors, including hindfoot alignment. We seek to evaluate how hindfoot alignment affects contact pressures in the ankle joint in the setting of supination external rotation (SER) type ankle fractures. Methods: SER fractures were created in 10 human cadaver lower extremity specimens, simulating progressive stages of injury: without fracture (step 0), SER fracture and intact deltoid ligament (step 1), superficial deltoid ligament disruption (step 2), and deep deltoid ligament disruption (step 3). At each step, varus and valgus alignment was simulated by displacing the calcaneal tuberosity 7 mm medial or lateral. Each limb was axially loaded following each osteotomy at a static load of 350 N. The center of force (COF), contact area (CA), and peak contact pressure (PP) under load were measured, and radiographs of the ankle mortise were taken to analyze the medial clear space (MCS) and talar tilt (TT). Results: The COF (5.3 mm, P = .030) and the CA (−188.4 mm2, P = .015) changed in step 3 in the valgus hindfoot alignment compared to baseline parameters, indicating the importance of deep deltoid ligament integrity in maintaining normal ankle joint contact stress in the valgus hindfoot. These changes were not seen in the setting of varus alignment (COF: 2.3 mm, P = .059; CA −121 mm2, P = .133). PP were found to not change significantly in either varus or valgus (varus: −4.9 N, P = .132; valgus: −4 N, P = .464). The MCS demonstrated widening in step 3 compared to step 2 (0.7 mm, P = .020) in both varus and valgus hindfoot. The TT increased significantly in step 3 in the valgus hindfoot (2.8 degrees, P = .020) compared to step 0. Conclusion: SER-IV fractures with valgus hindfoot alignment showed significant changes in pressure distribution and radiographic parameters when compared to SER-IV fractures with varus hindfoot alignment. Clinical Relevance: Based on this cadaver modeling study, patients with SERIV fracture with varus hindfoot alignment and complete deltoid ligament lesion may not need fracture fixation, whereas those with valgus hindfoot alignment likely need fracture fixation.
An Observational Study of Patient Characteristics and Environmental Risk Factors of Stingray Envenomations in San Diego, California
Authors: Arefieva Christa A. , DiLorenzo Kelly , Coffey Christanne H. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction Current literature on stingray envenomations focuses on the incidence, presentation, and complications of these injuries, with some studies providing such data for specific geographic locations. This is the first study to evaluate the influence of environmental factors and human characteristics on stingray envenomation patterns in San Diego, California. Methods Incident reports of injuries documented by the San Diego Fire-Rescue Department/Lifeguard Division (SDFR-LG) during 2017 were analyzed. Water temperature and tide height were populated based on date and time. Data was analyzed for associations between stingray injuries incidence and tide height, water temperature, time, month, age and sex of the injured person, and whether they were local. Results 1722 stingray injuries were reported to the SDFR-LG in 2017. Stingray injuries were associated with water temperature (p < 0.001), more frequently occurring between 18.8 °C and 19.5 °C. Most envenomations occurred at tide heights between 1.7 ft and 3.1 ft. Most victims were aged 20–29, and there were more males than females injured. Beaches separated from the greater ocean or with a reef bottom had a lower incidence. Stingray injuries were more frequent during summer months. More stingray envenomations were documented for out-of-town beachgoers. Conclusions Beachgoers with certain characteristics had more reported stingray envenomations than others. Males, nonlocal beachgoers, and individuals in their twenties had more injuries than their counterparts. Stingray injuries were more common at water temperatures between 18.8 and 19.5 °C. These findings may lead to future research on the prevention of stingray injuries.
Total hip arthroplasty outcomes in Ehlers-Danlos patients: data from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System
Authors: Shichman Ittai , Rajahraman Vinaya , Anil Utkarsh , Lin Charles C , Rozell Joshua C , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are genetic connective tissue disorders affecting multiple organ systems that frequently result in connective tissue hyperlaxity and early osteoarthritis. Short- and long-term outcomes after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in this patient population remain poorly characterised. The primary purpose of this study is to compare postoperative outcomes and survivorship after primary THA in patients with and without EDS. Methods: The New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database was queried for all patients undergoing primary elective THA between September 2009 and December 2020. Patients with EDS were identified using ICD9 and ICD10 diagnosis codes. Given the relatively low incidence of EDS in this patient population, the cohort was propensity-matched 1:10 to patients without diagnosis of EDS based on demographics characteristics and medical comorbidities as measured by the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index. Results: A total of 66 THA patients with and 660 without EDS were included in each group after 1:10 propensity-matching. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or THA indications. Early postoperative outcomes such as length of hospital stay and discharge disposition were similar. Emergency Room visits and inpatient readmission rates at 3 months postoperatively did not significantly differ between groups. Patients with EDS had a higher overall revision rate compared to those without (15.0% vs. 3.2%, p  < 0.001). Revision free survival after primary THA in patients with EDS was significantly lower than those without EDS at 9-year follow-up. Cox proportional hazard regression demonstrated EDS patients had 7-times higher risk of revision (hazard ratio [HR] 7.43; 95% CI, 3.46–16.00; p  < 0.001). Lastly, revision due to instability insignificantly trended higher in the EDS cohort (HR 2.29; 95% CI, 0.95–5.49; p  = 0.063). Conclusions: EDS patients undergoing primary THA have increased rate of all cause revision and demonstrate decreased revision free survival compared to non-EDS THA patients.
Follow-up Routines Matter for Adherence to Endocrine Therapy in the Adjuvant Setting of Breast Cancer
Authors: Aurell Carolina , Haidar Alaa , Giglio Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Background: Endocrine therapy (ET) adherence leads to increased survival in breast cancer (BC). How follow-up should be done to maximize adherence is not known. Objectives: To assess adherence to ET, factors favouring adherence to ET and effects on survival in a population-based cohort of BC patients in western Sweden. Design: This is a retrospective study. Methods: We included 358 patients operated for oestrogen receptor-positive BC and recommended 5 years of ET, in Region Halland, Sweden, year 2015 to 2016. Demographical, clinical and pathological data and use of ET were retrieved from the electronic medical records. Patients were considered adherent if taking ET for 5 years or during the full extent of the follow-up, until termination of ET due to BC relapse or death and where renewals of prescriptions of ET covered ⩾80% of the ordinated dose. Two follow-up routines were employed, ie, routine A where patients were contacted annually by nurses and a more passive follow-up routine B where patients were only contacted by nurses at 2 years and 5 years following start of ET. Results: Medication persistence for 4 years and more was good and similar between patients initiating aromatase inhibitor (AI) and tamoxifen (75.7% and 72.0%, respectively, P = .43). More patients initiating AIs changed ET due to side effects compared with patients initiating tamoxifen (24.3% vs 9.9%, respectively, P < .0001). Endocrine therapy adherence was better for follow-up routine B than for follow-up routine A (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.71 [1.44-5.09], P = .0027). Conclusions: Adherence to ET in BC is high in Western Sweden. Less regular nurse-initiated contacts between BC patients and nursesled surprisingly to a better adherence than a more regular nurse-initiated contact.