bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transthoracic Impedance: V. Effects of Early and Late Clamping of the Umbilical Cord with Special Reference to the Ratio Air‐to‐Blood during Respiration
Authors: DAILY WILLIAM , OLSSON TORSTEN , VICTORIN LARS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTransthoracic impedance TTI in combination with recordings of air volume change and oesophageal pressure has been used to analyze time dependent variations in the ratio airlfluid during the first day of life, as well as the dynamic interrelationship between air and fluid in the lungs during respiration.Two groups of infants, seven with early and seven with late clamping of the umbilical cord, were studied a t 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours of age. These groups are known to have a dif‐ference in total blood volume, decreasing during the time of study.Especially in late‐clamped infants charac‐teristic changes in impedance variables are noted. Basic transthoracic impedance lZo(, reflecting the static ratio air/fluid, is initially low and increases till 12 hours of age, a net result of a decrease in pulmonary blood volume, interstitial fluid and possibly some contribu‐tion from an increase in pulmonary air volume.A tendency towards a fall in IZ, I from 12 to 24 hours coincides with an enlargement of the total blood volume.Variations between early and late‐clamped infants are larger for the dynamic impedance variables than for IZoI. The ratio IZ, I/V, of impedance variation per unit air volume change during respiration is higher for late‐clamped infants during the whole study, though decreasing with time. This implies that these infants have a larger amount of fluid in the lungs as compared with early‐clamped infants, also decreasing with time. n accordance with the presented physical model for volume relations in the lungs the amount of blood that needs to be moved into the lungs with inspiration is relatively smaller when the pulmonary blood volume is higher.A looped relation between air volume change and impedance change during a breath lZdl, is most pronounced in late‐clamped infants a t the commencement of the study, significantly decreasing with time. The existence of a IZ, I means that a larger blood volume than necessary for the geometrical requirements has entered the lungs during inspiration, a volume that is allowed to leave in early expiration. The prerequisite of a high IZ, I is a large pulmonary blood volume. For infants with early clamping of the umbilical cord no significant variations are noted in the impedance variables.It is concluded that late‐clamped infants, compared to early‐clamped infants, in addition to their larger total blood volume also have larger pulmonary fluid volume, the increment, mainly consisting of blood. A correlation found between change in lung compliance and the impedance variables, especially con‐cerning the late‐clamped group, and a suggestion is made that lung compliance varies inversely with the pulmonary fluid volume.
IMPAIRED LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION AND CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES IN FATAL GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE OF CHILDHOOD
Authors: BARNES R. D. , BISHUN N. P. , HOLLIDAY JEAN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA previously described case of fatal granulomatous disease of childhood is presented here as certain previous findings could not be confirmed and since two unusual features were noted. Upon the basis of impaired leucocyte function in the father of this patient a new mode of genetic transmission for the disease was proposed meanwhile we have been unable to confirm these original findings (11). This case in itself was interesting since, firstly an impaired in vitro lymphocyte transformation was noted and this later related to the presence of a serum inhibitory factor. Secondly, chromosomal abnormalities were recorded in peripheral blood cells of both patient and his mother and this might be considered evidence to favour a sex‐linked transmission of the disease in this case.
NEONATAL MENINGITIS CAUSED BY SALMONELLA THOMPSON
Authors: BERGSTRAND C. G. , NILSSON KARL OLOF 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of neonatal meningitis caused by Salmonella Thompson is presented. In spite of adequate antibiotic treatment during 1 month a relapse occurred and treatment had to be continued for 3 months. The final outcome was very favourable and at the age of 2 years the patient appeared quite normal. During the course of the disease the immunoglobulin levels and the Widal test were followed. Evidence of an antibody deficiency syndrome explaining the patient's relapse could not be demonstrated.
TREATMENT OF CYSTINOSIS WITH A DIET POOR IN CYSTINE AND METHIONINE
Authors: CHRISTENSEN MOGENS FJORD , NIELSEN JOHN ALLAN , HENRIKSEN OLE 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYTwo siblings with cystinosis are presented.Case 1, a 16‐month‐old boy, presented with a severe renal tubular insufficiency. Case 2, a 7‐year‐old girl, was a dwarf with both glomerular and tubular renal insufficiency.Case 1 was initially treated with high doses of vitamin D2 and electrolyte supplements for more than 2 months without significant alteration of the condition. Thereafter he was treated for 23 days with 150 mg penicillamine per day again without any significant clinical or biochemical improvement. Both patients were then followed through 1 year on treatment with a diet poor in cystine and methionine supplemented with cholinechloride, an anabolic steroid, high doses of vitamin D2, electrolytes, oral iron and a combined vitamin preparation. After some time there was considerable difficulty in giving the patients sufficient amounts of the diet, consequently the diet had to be modified with supplement of cow's milk. On this treatment case 1 attained a distinct clinical improvement with healed rickets and normal growth. There was no evidence of mobilisation of the stored cystine.Case 2 obtained a healing of the rickets and some gain in height during the treatment, but otherwise the general condition was unaltered, and she continued to have increasing renal glomerular insufficiency.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PLASMA AND RED CELL PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES IN FULL TERM INFANTS AND THEIR MOTHERS1
Authors: OLEGARD RAGNAR , SVENNERHOLM LARS 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYMethods have been adapted and their reproducibility tested for the determination of blood lipids and the fatty acid composition of the phosphoglycerides. The main lipid classes in 20 women from the south‐western part of Sweden at term pregnancy and of umbilical cord plasma of their newborn infants were studied. Determinations were made of the fatty acid pattern of plasma phosphoglycerides and of cephalins and lecithin of red cells.The concentration of the major lipid classes in maternal and umbilical cord plasma agreed well with previously reported figures from other countries. The maternal plasma fatty acid pattern of phosphoglycerides was similar to that of adult males. The mothers and their infants had identical concentrations of the total sum of all polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma phosphoglycerides, in red cell lecithin and in red cell cephalins. The infants' pattern differed from the mothers' by much lower concentrations of the parent fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic acids, and correspondingly increased concentrations of the more polyunsaturated fatty acids of the two series. The fatty acid composition in the red cell lecithin of mother and infant reflected that in the corresponding plasma. The cephalins contained more polyunsaturated fatty acids than the lecithin in both mothers' and infants' red cells.The study produced no biochemical evidence of an essential fatty acid deficiency in these newborns. The identical concentration of total polyunsaturated fatty acids in blood phosphoglycerides of mothers and infants in combination with the pronounced change in the ratio between the parent fatty acids and the highly polyunsaturated derivates, suggest a homeo‐static regulation of the fatty acid composition of the blood phosphoglycerides.
A CASE OF THE XXXXY CHROMOSOME ANOMALY WITH FOUR MATERNAL X CHROMOSOMES AND DIABETIC GLUCOSE TOLERANCE
Authors: CHRISTENSEN M. FJORD , THERKELSEN A. J. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe 49, XXXXY anomaly was found in a 2 ½‐year‐old boy with signs typical of that anomaly: physical and mental retardation, hypogenitalism and certain mongoloid features.Determination of the Xg blood type in the patient and his parents showed that the X chromosomes were of maternal origin. The most likely explanation of the development of the anomaly is non‐disjunction twice during the meiotic divisions of the egg.The finding of a diabetic glucose tolerance test is discussed in relation to the increased frequency of diabetes mellitus in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome.
FAMILIAL EARLY HYPOPARATHYROIDISM ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOMAGNESAEMIA
Authors: NIKLASSON E. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYTwo cases of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism are reported and previous cases of the disease with symptoms at an age less than one year are briefly reviewed. Unlike earlier findings there is evidence of the disease as a non‐sex‐linked trait, probably recessive. Both cases had hypo‐magnesaemia. Administration of parathyroid hormone caused in one patient a rise of the serum magnesium level, which has previously been observed in experiments on the rat.
A NEW SYNDROME OF DYSMORPHOGENESIS: IMPERFORATE‐ANUS ASSOCIATED WITH POLY‐OLIGODACTYLY AND SKELETAL (MAINLY VERTEBRAL) ANOMALIES
Authors: SAY BURHAN , BALCI SEVIM , PIRNAR TUĜRUL , TUNÇBILEK ERGÜL 
Published: January 2008

SummaryNine patients having imperforate anus and hand malformations with or without vertebral anomalies have been presented. The similarity of the findings in these patients to those seen among the members of the luxoid group of mouse mutants, such as the dominant hemimelia (Dh) mutants has been emphasized. Similar cases reported in the literature have been briefly reviewed.
FAILURE TO THRIVE IN LEBANON I. EXPERIENCE WITH SOME SIMPLE SOMATIC MEASUREMENTS
Authors: KANAWATI ABDALLAH A. , McLAREN DONALD S. , ABU‐JAWDEH ISABELLE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryDuring a period of 12 months 1 231 Lebanese Arab children of low socio‐economic class, 3–48 months of age living in three locations were measured. The measurements were weight, height, head circumference and mid‐arm circumference. The results were expressed as percentage of international standards for boys and girls separately. The patterns of deviation from the standard values varied according to the measurement. In general for both sexes there was a falling off between 6 and 18 months, greatest for weight and mid‐arm circumference with some recovery later, and less for height and head circumference without recovery later. The possible influences of location and season of observation and birth were studied. Using these four somatic measurements an Index of Thriving was developed for the subsequent study of contrasting groups of “control” and “failure to thrive” children. The use of this and other simple means of assessing failure to thrive in the field is discussed.
POSTNATAL CHANGES IN SOME RED CELL PARAMETERS
Authors: MATOTH Y. , ZAIZOV R. , VARSANO I. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe red blood picture was studied in detail from birth to 12 weeks. The low point in the red cell count was reached in the seventh week, which represented the turning point from a negative to a positive balance between cell production and destruction. From the dynamics of the total number of circulating red cells it was concluded that, although erythropoiesis slows down after birth, a considerable amount of red cell production takes place during the first few postnatal weeks.The MCHC increased significantly over the first 5–6 postnatal weeks and remained constant thereafter.Macrocytes predominated at birth. Their percentage distribution decreased after the second week with a corresponding increase in microcytes.The red cell density distribution curve in the neonatal period is sigmoid in shape. The range of densities is, however, wider than in the adult. The curve shifts gradually to the heavy side from birth to 5 weeks, while from 5 to 12 weeks a shift back to the light side is observed. Macrocytes preponderate in the light fractions.
THE HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE IN INFANTS AND OTHER MEASUREMENTS TO WHICH IT MAY BE RELATED
Authors: ILLINGWORTH R. S. , EID E. E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryHead circumference was related to weight, chest circumference, supine length, and crown rump length at birth, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months in fifty boys and fifty‐six girls.1. The head circumference is highly correlated with body size especially at birth and 6 weeks.2. The head circumference shows the best correlation with weight and chest circumference, particularly the weight, in both sexes.
ECTOPIC SPLEEN IN AN Rh INCOMPATIBLE INFANT
Authors: IANCU T. , ELIAN E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of a newborn with a Erythroblastosis fetalis and “obstructive” type jaundice with an abdominal tumor, is presented. As the jaundice was found to be elicited by Rh incompatibility, the absence of a palpable spleen at the normal site suggested the possibility of the abdominal mass being an ectopic spleen. This diagnosis was confirmed at operation. The possibility of a preexisting developmental defect is elaborated upon.
DIETARY COMPOSITSION AND DENTAL DISEASE IN ADOLESCENT DIABETICS
Authors: STERKY G. , KJELLMAN O. , HÖGBERG O. , LÖFROTH A‐L. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn a group of adolescent diabetics there was a probable lower frequency of caries but a higher frequency of supragingival calculus than in the control group. The diabetics consumed relatively more protein and less refined carbohydrates, taken less frequently than nondia‐betics. The 24‐hour recalls showed good reproducibility but an unsatisfactory correspond‐ance to a 7‐day record among diabetics.
EFFECTS OF DIET ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PLASMA AND RED CELL PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES IN THREE‐MONTH‐OLD INFANTS
Authors: OLEGÅRD RAGNAR , SVENNERHOLM LARS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryConcentrations of the main lipid classes in plasma and the blood phosphoglyceride fatty acid patterns were measured in 3‐month‐old infants, fed breast‐milk or an industrial manufactured formula. The levels of cholesterol and phosphoglycerides were in the normal range for young adults, but the triglyceride concentration was twice as high as in adults. There were no significant differences in the levels of the plasma lipids between the two groups, but the mean of the triglycerides was 25 % higher in the formula‐fed group.The plasma and red cell phosphoglycerides had already assumed a fatty acid pattern of adult type. The concentration of the total polyenoic acids was significantly lower in the breast‐fed group, the difference being entirely confined to the fatty acids of the linoleic acid series. Linoleic acid was 27% and 40%, respectively, lower in plasma phosphoglycerides and red cell lecithin of breast‐fed than of formula‐fed infants, but arachidonic acid did not show any significant difference in the two groups. The concentration of the fatty acids of the linolenic acid series was higher in the breast‐fed infants. The blood lecithin ratio between the fatty acids of the linolenic acid series and the linoleic acid series was thus much lower in the formula‐fed than in the breast‐fed infants, the ratio being closely correlated with the dietary linolenate/linoleate ratio. Although the concentration of essential fatty acids was low in both plasma and red cell phosphoglycerides of breast‐fed infants, there was no increase of 20: 3 (n – 9).
THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION IN CHILDREN OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND EFFECTIVE RENAL PLASMA FLOW BY THE SINGLE INJECTION CLEARANCE TECHNIQUE
Authors: DONATH A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe performance of over 1000 clearances with the single injection method allows a retrospective review on the value of this new technique. The choice of the indicator substance, the reproducibility of the method and the irradiation dosimetry do not bring up very exciting problems. The theoretical basis of the justification of the single injection method has not been proven so far and the inexactitude which may happen because of the empirical assumption that the substances used behave as in an open mamillary bicompartimental model is discussed. The author comes to the conclusion that although the rightness of the model has never been proven, the method will give sufficient precise results in practice and is proposed to a large extension because of its technical simplicity as well as for the patient as for the physician and the laboratory technician. The irradiation dose is so small that it will practically never be considered as a contra‐indication.
ORAL D‐PENICILLAMINE AND INTRAMUSCULAR BAL + EDTA IN THE TREATMENT OF LEAD ACCUMULATION
Authors: BARTSOCAS C. S. , GRUNT J. A. , JR G. W. BOYLEN , BRANDT I. K. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryOral D‐penicillamine and intramuscular BAL + EDTA have been used in the treatment of lead accumulation in three children with blood levels of at least 70 µUg per 100 ml. Lead balance studies were done during control periods and while the children were given either D‐penicillamine orally or BAL plus EDTA intramuscularly. There was a marked cumulative negative lead balance and the blood lead levels decreased to normal after 6 days with either treatment. The results indicate that D‐penicillamine given to three children orally, in doses as high as 100 mg/kg/day, is an effective and non‐toxic lead chelator for short‐term use.
INTERMITTENT MUSCULAR WEAKNESS, EXTRASYSTOLES, AND MULTIPLE DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES
Authors: ANDERSEN ELLEN DAMGAARD , KRASILNIKOFF PETER A. , OVERVAD HANS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA description is given of an eight‐year‐old boy with extrasystoles, seizures of muscular weakness, and multiple developmental anomalies (dwarfism, scaphocephalic skull, hypertelorism, bilateral ptosis, low‐set ears, broad nose, mandibular hypoplasia, aplasia of a number of teeth, defect of both the soft and osseous palate, inward bending of the fifth fingers, single transverse palmar crease of both hands, and cryptorchidism). These findings suggest a specific syndrome, but no similar description was found in the literature. The investigations disclosed no signs of either a chromosomal, a neuromuscular, or an endocrine disease.
STUDIES ON MATURITY IN NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: FINNSTRÖM ORVAR 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFive anthropometric measurements, birth weight, crown‐heel length, head circumference, occipito‐frontal diameter, and bi‐parietal diameter were recorded in a group of 174 newborn infants of various gestational ages.The material was selected to contain a relatively large number of infants with extreme birth weights and/or gestational ages.Head circumference was better correlated to gestational age than were the other four measurements. Birth weight and crown‐heel length had the same degree of correlation to gestational age. The two skull diameters showed significantly lower correlations to gestational age. The confidence limits for estimating gestational age on the basis of the mean value for head circumference were ±26.1 days in this material.In SGA infants, crown‐heel length and head circumference were not significantly greater than in pre‐term infants of the same birth weight.
ADHESIONS OF LABIA MINORA (SYNECHIA VULVAE) IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: CHRISTENSEN EDEL HARLUND , ØSTER JAKOB 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe diagnostic and therapeutic problems in 14 cases of adhesions of the labia minora in children are mentioned. It was found that the condition is quite frequent, is acquired and occurs predominantly during the first 2 years of life.Thorough investigation of the external genitalia in little girls is essential to establish the diagnosis. This is important because the treatment, in which the adhesions are ruptured by means of slight lateral traction, is very easy and painless and because the untreated condition may result in urinary symptoms. Follow‐up treatment with an indifferent ointment applied to the exposed epithelial surfaces is important in order to avoid recurrence.Recognition of the condition is important as incorrect interpretation as pseudohermaphroditism may cause much anxiety and trouble for the children and their families.The pathogenesis is unknown and the hypothesis that it is due to an exaggerated form of the normal childhood hypoestrogenism in the affected children deserves further investigation.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE Y CHROMOSOME BY THE FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE IN AN XY/X0 GONADAL DYSGENESIS
Authors: SEVERI FRANCESCA , TIEPOLO L. , SCAPPATICCI SUSI 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA phenotypic female aged 16 years had sexual hypoplasia, streak gonads and sex chromosome mosaicism. She was XY in peripheral blood cultures and XY/X0 in Fallopian tube tissue and in skin cultures. A definite identification of the XY line was made by the fluorescence technique which showed a fluorescent section corresponding to the distal segment of the long arm of one of the five achrocentrics.
PERIPHERAL CIRCULATORY RESPONSE TO PHOTOTHERAPY IN NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: OH W. , YAO A. C. , HANSON J. S. , LIND J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryCalf blood flow (CBF), calf skin temperature, incubator wall and ambient temperature, and respiratory rate, were measured in 8 newborn infants 10 to 127 hours of age, who were treated by phototherapy because of jaundice. During phototherapy (within 30 min) the CBF increased to a range of 30 to 80% above the control values of 8.8 ± 0.9 ml/min/100 g. The CBF is correlated directly with the leg skin temperature (γ= 0.724 and 0.588 at 15 and 30 min after phototherapy respectively). The increase in CBF was associated with a fall in incubator ambient temperature, the latter is a result of the use of servo control unit in monitoring incubator temperature by epigastric skin temperature. The increase in CBF is probably evidence of peripheral vasodilatation to facilitate evaporative heat loss. An increase in respiratory rate was also observed during phototherapy. The observed increase in heat loss (and water loss) from vasodilatation and increased respiratory rate serve as a basis for the increase in insensible water loss as previously reported.
A LONG‐TERM FOLLOW‐UP INVESTIGATION OF PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS—WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HEREDITY AND LATER MORBIDITY
Authors: BERGLUND G. , RABO E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryOf 203 boys treated for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis at Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, during the years 1922–1942 a total of 195 could be traced by a follow‐up investigation in 1970. All had been medically treated. Seven died during their first year of life, none of the disease directly. This number is the approximate figure for infant mortality in Sweden at that time.The morbidity among the former patients did not differ from that for the general population. 7.5% had had peptic ulcer, the mean age at the interview was 35.6 years. This can be compared with a frequency of peptic ulcer at 16% for 50‐year olds in the population in Gothenburg.4.5% of close relatives had had hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The risk for the sons and daugthers was about the same, 1: 30. The brothers were the ones with the greatest risk, 1: 11.
EFFECT OF LIGHT EXPOSURE ON GUT TRANSIT TIME IN JAUNDICED NEWBORNS
Authors: RUBALTELLI F. F. , LARGAJOLLI G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn order to elucidate the mechanism by which phototherapy induces loose stools in newborns, studies were performed on the speed of gut transit by performing the Carmine Red test on normal newborn, on jaundiced newborns before and after phototherapy.A statistically accelerated intestinal transit was observed in jaundiced newborns treated with phototherapy.The increased rate of intestinal transit produced by phototherapy is probably due to the action of the photo‐decomposition derivatives of bilirubin, which are excreted during phototherapy.