bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Ethanol as a Measure of the Hepatic Blood Flow in the Cat
Authors: Larsen Jens Anker 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLarsen, J. A.Elimination of ethanol as a measure of the hepatic blood flow in the cat. II. The significance of the extrahepatic elimination of ethanol. Acta physiol. scand. 1963.57. 209—223. — The metabolism of ethanol following continuous infusion of small amounts of ethanol has been studied in thirteen cats. By changing the amount of ethanol infused per minute at least once in the same experiment an extrahepatic elimination of ethanol could be demonstrated, averaging 0.94 mg/min. In accordance with this result an elimination of ethanol was found in the same cats after evisceration averaging also 0.94 mg/min. Thirty five per cent of this extrahepatic elimination took place in the kidneys. The extrahepatic elimination was found to be almost constant down to arterial concentrations of about 10—15 mg/l blood. The liver blood flow has been determined by means of continuous infusion of ethanol without liver vein catheterization and a mean value of 26,8 ml/kg/min was found. Apparently the use of Nembutal or chloralose did not alter the liver blood flow, whereas a marked decrease in flow was noticed when ether was used for anesthesia.
Quantitative Aspects of Respiratory Reflexes from the Lungs and Chest Walls of Cats
Authors: Euler Curt von , Fritts Harry W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractReflex regulation of the force of contraction of the respiratory muscles has been investigated and the relative importance of the cervical and thoracic dorsal root afferents has been compared with that of the vagal nerves in cats anaesthetized with Dial. After closing the trachea and inflating or deflating the lungs to known volumes the intratracheal pressures developed during the respiratory efforts were measured before and after severing the vagi or the dorsal roots.The inspiratory pressure‐volume relations were approximately linear. The difference in slope obtained before and after sectioning the vagal nerves or dorsal roots provides an index of the gain of the control mechanisms. The inhibitory effect exerted by the vagi was almost linearly related to the thoracic volume. The dorsal roots exerted a facilitatory effect which decreased with increasing thoracic volumes in a linear fashion. Thus, the afferents of both systems increased the steepness of the slope of the pressure‐volume curve, the gain of the vagal and of the dorsal root circuits being approximately the same. Using electromyography tonic proprioceptive reflexes in the intercostal musculature were demonstrated. Release from inhibition of intercostal stretch reflexes was found following high spinalization.
The Basal Content and the Induced Biosynthesis of Pyridine Nucleotides in the Rat Liver under the Influence of Insulin
Authors: Alertsen Aa. Rye , Haugen H. N. , Walaas E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe basal content of pyridine nucleotides, and the synthesis of the coenzymes induced by parenteral injection of nicotinamide, have been investigated in the rat liver, when exposed to the action of insulin, adrenaline and ACTH. The basal content has been investigated after injection of insulin, or adrenaline, and in alloxan diabetic rats. The significance of the rather small variations in the basal content is discussed. In the induced synthesis of DPN the injection of insulin, or ACTH, has been found to interfere with this process, giving a decrease in the elevated content of DPN. The hormone action has been related to the mechanism of increased turnover of the DPN molecule. The administration of ethionine likewise decreased the elevated level of DPN. The significance of a regulatory influence of hormones on the induced synthesis of DPN has been discussed.
Some Properties of the ATP Dependent Na+ Binding System, of Rat Brain Microsomes
Authors: Järnefelt Johan , Stedingk Lars‐Victor von 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe ATP dependent binding of Na+ ions by microsomes isolated from rat brain is described. Data are presented on the stability of the bound sodium under various conditions. The precipitation of the microsomes at the end of the incubation with strong salt solutions stabilizes the bound sodium. The lowest blank values are obtained with NaCl as precipitating agent, probably due to the isotope dilution effect. The precipitation with I M NaCl is adopted as the standard procedure. The binding of sodium is dependent on the concentrations of ATP and of Na+ ions; it is specific for ATP, as other nucleotides do not promote binding. The binding is inhibited by 5 mM calcium. During the conditions of incubation sodium is bound reversibly, and an exchange can therefore be observed. In this exchange reaction, the release of sodium from the particles appears to be inhibited by 10‐5 M ouabain.It is concluded that similarities between the described Na+ binding system on one hand and active transport and the microsomal Na+ dependent ATPase on the other hand make it permissible to assume that the binding of sodium may represent part of a mechanism for the active transport of ions.
The Correlation between the Occurrence and Localization of Acetylcholinesterase‐rich Cell Bodies in the Stellate Ganglion and the Outflow of Cholinergic Sweat Secretory Fibres to the Fore Paw of the Cat
Authors: Sjöqvist Folke 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe peripheral areas of innervation have been determined for those special neurons in the stellate ganglion, which resemble histochemically established cholinergic nerve cells (i. e., type I‐cells). The approach employed is based on the fact that axotomized ganglion cells lose most of their AcChE and identity in stained sections. A series of axotomies on different postganglionic rami showed that the stellate ganglion is composed of different zones with highly varying amounts of type I‐cells. Practically all of the type I‐cells send their axons via the vertebral nerve and the 1st thoracic grey ramus to innervate the fore limb; whereas their axons seem to be absent from the cardiac nerves. High AcChE activity is found in the nerve terminals around the eccrine sweat glands of the paw and in some of the axons running in the postganglionic rami to the fore limb. Finally a direct correspondence has been demonstrated between the number of type I‐cells in certain zones of the ganglion and the sweat secretory responses on the paw. The results support the hypothesis that the type I‐cells in the stellate ganglion of the cat are cholinergic and innervate the eccrine sweat glands.
Sinus Nerve Stimulation in the Chloralose Anesthetized Cat: Effect on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Muscle Blood Flow and Vascular Resistance
Authors: KillipIII By Thomas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn the chloralose anesthetized cat short duration stimuli (0.05—0.1 msec.) of the sinus nerve produce a pressor response. This preparation was utilized to examine the relation between frequency of direct chemoreceptor fiber stimulation and change in blood pressure, heart rate, muscle blood flow and muscle vascular resistance. Blood pressure, heart rate and muscle vascular resistance increased during sinus nerve stimulation proportional to the frequency. Muscle blood flow remained essentially constant despite the pressure rise. Responses were detected at 0.5 cps. Maximum response occurred at 16—20 cps. The range of frequency response for vascular resistance and heart rate is similar to that obtained by stimulating sympathetics directly. Thus both limbs of a cardiovascular reflex are have similar frequency response characteristics. The likelihood that the data obtained represents an approximation of the chemoceptor responses which in other preparations are masked by predominance of baroceptor function is discussed.
Effect of Thyroxine on the Hydroxyproline in Rat Urine and Skin
Authors: Kivirikko BY Kari I. , Koivusalo Miartti , Laitinen Ossi , Liesmaa Martti 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effect of L‐thyroxine on the metabolism of collagen in rats was studied by analyzing the urine for free and total hydroxyproline. In addition the hydroxyproline of the neutral salt and citrate soluble fractions of the skin was determined. Both free and total hydroxyproline were equally increased in the urine after the administration of L‐thyroxine. The increase was of the same magnitude in two, four and twelve months old rats, although the basal excretion values of hydroxyproline were significantly lower in the older rats. The content of hydroxyproline in both neutral salt and citrate soluble fractions of the skin was slightly decreased after the administration of L‐thyroxine.
Biological Effects of an Unsaturated Trihydroxy Acid (PGF2α) from Normal Swine Lung Prostaglandin and Related Factors 13:
Authors: ÄNggård Erik , Bergström Suns 
Published: December 2008

AbstractÄnggård, E. and S. Bergström. Biological effects of an unsaturated trihydroxy acid (PGF2α) isolated from normal swine lung. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 1—12. — The effects on various isolated smooth muscle organs and on the cardiovascular system of cats and rabbits were studied. The rabbit duodenum, guinea‐pig ileum, rat duodenum and colon, hen rectal caecum, guinea pig uterus and rat uterus were stimulated to a slow contraction. Rabbit duodenum and oestrogen treated rat uterus proved the most sensitive organs, with a threshold concentration as low as 0.001 μg/ml. I.v. injection in rabbits of 15—30 μg/kg caused a fall in blood pressure, with no changes in right ventricular pressure or heart rate. I.v. injection of 15—30 μg/kg in cats increased right ventricular pressure, with a concomitant depression of the systemic blood pressure. A bradycardia, which could be abolished by vagotomy or atropine, occurred 10—30 seconds later. It was concluded, that in cats the fall in blood pressure resulted partly from a reduced cardiac output due to constriction of the pulmonary vessels, partly from the bradycardia, and to a minor extent only from direct effects on muscle vessels.
The Physiology of the Swimbladder in the Eel Anguilla vulgaris: II. The reabsorption of gases
Authors: Steen Johan B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSteen, J. B. The physiology of the swimbladder in the eel Anguilla vulgaris. II. The reabsorption of gases. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 138–149. — Gas reabsorption from the reabsorbent swimbladder has been investigated with the micro‐blood analyzer and gas analyzer of Scholander and coworkers. It was shown that O2 moves both from blood to gas and vice versa. The rate of O2 reabsorption depends upon blood flow and the O2 gradient between gas and blood. All the observations support the view that O2 is reabsorbed by diffusion. Blood flow is much increased by anoxia. The reabsorbed O2 is hardly of any respiratory use during O2 shortage of the water, but may be important when the eel is in the air. The increased O2 reabsorption during O2 shortage may also guide the eel to a more O2 rich environment. Fishes have less hydrostatic problems the deeper they live. The reabsorbent bladder of the eel seems to have about the same diffusion characteristics as has the human lung, the functional superiority of the latter beeing due primarily to its favourable surface to volume ratio.
Mast Cell Content and Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Epididymal Fat Pad of Obese Mice
Authors: Hellman Bo , Larsson Stig , Westman Sighild 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHellman, B., S. Larssonand S. Westman.Mast cell content and fatty acid metabolism in the epididymal fat pad of obese mice.Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58.255–262. — The changes in the mast cell content of the epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissues were studied in two different types of obesity in mice. Both with the obesity induced by goldthioglucose and that associated with the American variety of the obese‐hyperglycemic syndrome there was a considerable accumulation of mast cells in the fat depots. While the relative number of mast cells was calculated as 3 per 100 epididymal fat cells in the lean controls, it was more than 50 for the obese‐hyperglycemic animals. This finding stresses the importance of expressing metabolic data on lipogenesis directly in terms of the fat cells and not per tissue weight, nitrogen or DNA, when comparing the adipose tissue in normal and obese individuals. The greatly increased mast cell content of the adipose tissue in obesity would be consistent with previous work on the rat, in which it was suggested that the lipase activity of the adipose tissue is concerned with accumulation of fat in depots. However, in so far as heparin did not influence the release of free fatty acids or clearing factor lipase from the isolated epididymal adipose tissue, noin vitroeffect of heparin was demonstrated.
Stimulation of Glucose Uptake in the Rat Diaphragm by Hydroxy‐L‐proline and L‐lysine
Authors: Borrebæk Borgar , Walaas Otto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBorrebæk, B. and O. Walaas. Stimulation of glucose uptake in the rat diaphragm by hydroxy‐L‐proline and L‐lysine. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 274–284. — The influence of hydroxyproline, lysine and several other amino acids on glucose uptake of rat diaphragm in vitro has been investigated. Hydroxyproline increased glucose uptake and stimulated the incorporation of glucose‐C14 into glucose‐6‐phosphate of the diaphragm. The effect occurred at a concentration level of 1.10‐3 M‐5.10‐5 M hydroxyproline in the medium. At higher concentration of hydroxyproline, glucose uptake was decreased. In contrast to insulin, hydroxyproline did not promote glycogen synthesis and did not stimulate incorporation of glucose‐C14 into glycogen. When the diaphragm was incubated in a medium containing both hydroxyproline and insulin, the insulin effect on glucose uptake was depressed.Lysine increased glucose uptake of the diaphragm, but less than hydroxyproline. No significant effect by any other single amino acids was found. However, a mixture of 13 natural amino acids, each at a concentration of 1.10‐4 M to 1.10‐3 M markedly depressed glucose uptake. The mechanism of a possible effect of hydroxyproline on the membrane carrier system for glucose uptake in muscle is discussed. Injection of hydroxyproline intraperitoneally in vivo exerted an hyperglycemic effect in the intact rat.
Studies on the Excretion Mechanism of Serotonin (5‐Hydroxytryptamine) in the Chicken Kidney
Authors: Sanner Erland 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSanner, E. Studies on the excretion mechanism of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) in the chicken kidney. Acta physiol. stand. 1963. 58. 330—341. — Serotonin at a dose of 150—200 μg was injected into the leg vein of the chicken together with phenol red and tolazoline. All birds were pre‐treated with a MAO inhibitor (JB‐516, Catron®). The tubular excretion of serotonin was inhibited by simultaneous administration of tolazoline at a dose of 5—15 mg into the leg vein. Probenecid at a dose of 50 mg/kg given into the wing vein 1 hour prior to serotonin — phenol red injections gave a strong inhibition of phenol red excretion but left the serotonin excretion unchanged. Brom cresol green at a dose of 1 mg caused a specific inhibition of phenol red transport but left serotonin transport unchanged. Cyanine dye # 863 at a dose of 2 mg did inhibit the serotonin transport but such a big dose also interfered with phenol red transport capacity. Smaller doses of cyanine dye gave a weak inhibition of serotonin transport and did not alter the phenol red transport to any great extent. Reserpine did not inhibit either serotonin or phenol red transport. pH of the chicken urine did not influence the excretion of serotonin.
Lactate Content in Sweat
Authors: ÅStrand Irma 
Published: December 2008

AbstractÅstrand, I. Lactate content in sweat. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 359—367. — Four subjects were heated by means of physical exercise in different room temperatures or with hot baths in order to bring about sweating. The sweat was collected in plastic bags from the extremities in at least 3 consecutive 15 min periods and analysed for the content of lactate and chloride. In some experiments the blood circulation was occluded with a blood pressure cuff. The lactate concentration was significantly higher during cycling than bathing and significantly higher during the first period as compared to the following. The lactate concentration rose during occlusion of the circulation. Mc secretion of lactate per minute was rectilinearly correlated to the sweating rate and to the chloride secretion. The first period of cycling revealed, however, significantly different values from the others in this respect. The results are discussed with regard to degradation of glycogen to lactate in the sweat glands, to diffusion of lactate into the blood, to reabsorption, intensity of the sweating stimulus and to the content of lactate in the epidermis.
Reversible Blood‐Brain Barrier Alteration Induced by Certain Organic Acids and Indicated by Means of EEC and Dye Tests
Authors: Flodmark S. , Steinwall O. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFlodmark, S. and O. Steinwall. Reversible blood‐brain barrier alteration induced by certain organic acids and indicated by means of EEG and dye tests. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 368—375. — With an earlier described method for studies of the interrelation between EEG and blood‐brain barrier functions, alteration of the barrier was induced by intracarotidal application of certain types of organic acids (represented by penicillin G and Urokon). In long‐term experiments it could be established that this type of barrier alteration was reversible as judged by intravital dye tests and further by EEG‐activating tests, applied in the early and late phases of the experiments. The EEG changes evoked by the invasion of normally barred organic acids into the barrier‐damaged hemisphere were of an excitatory type and sometimes caused a convulsion pattern lasting for hours. Even after such a heavy stress on the neurons, however, there was a reversal in the EEG, sometimes to full normalization. The EEG course after this reversible barrier alteration is different from that seen after the persistent barrier dysfunction induced by mercuric ions as reported in a previous paper. The reversible action of the organic acids on the barrier is discussed as being compatible with the hypothesis, previously pro‐posed by Steinwall, that brain‐blood directed transport mechanisms participate in the barring of this group of acid compounds.
Biochemical and Functional Effects of Long‐Term Administration of Reserpine in Mice
Authors: Markiewicz Lech 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMarkiewicz, L. Biochemical and functional effects of long‐term administration of reserpine in mice. Acta physiol. stand. 1963. 58. 376—380. — Mice were injected daily with reserpine (0.08 mg/kg) for 80 days. Nor‐adrenaline, dopamine, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine were measured in brain, noradrenaline in heart, and adrenaline and noradrenaline in the adrenals. The behaviour and the body weights of the mice were followed closely throughout the entire period of treatment. The major part of the tissue monoamines disappeared during the initial period of the injections, but there tended to be a recovery of the mono‐amines during the latter part of the experiment in spite of continued injections with reserpine. The weight and the behaviour of the mice also showed the typical actions of reserpine during the initial period of injections (i. e. weight loss and sedation), but as the injections continued these functions also showed at least a partial recovery.
Effect of Sympathetic Denervation and Adrenalectomy on the Catecholamine Content of the Rat Submaxillary Gland
Authors: Euler U. S. v. , Ryd G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn confirmation of earlier reports, cervical ganglionectomy causes a strong decrease in the nor‐adrenaline content of the submaxillary gland while the adrenaline content is well maintained. In contrast to a recent report in the literature, the adrenaline content of the denervated gland was not found to be markedly influenced by adrenalectomy.
Suppression by Thyroxine of the Thyroidal Response to Local Cooling of the“Heat Loss Center”
Authors: Andersson B. , Gale C. C. , Ohga A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe intravenous injection of thyroxine (about 15 μg/kg b. wt.) was found to have blocked completely the thyroidal response to local cooling of the“heat loss center” after 2 hours in the goat. However, 15 to 20 min after the administration of thyroxine this blockage was still largely incomplete, suggesting that an accumulation of thyroxine has to occur at some site before a full inhibition of TSH release is obtained. The results are discussed in the light of Brown‐Grant's (1957)“feed‐back” hypothesis of the control of thyroid function.
The Digestion and Absorption of Maltose and Trehalose by the Intact Rat
Authors: Dahlqvist A. , Thomson‘ D. L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe rates and sites of absorption of equal amounts of maltose and trehalose were studied and compared with those of their component monosaccharide, glucose. Using polyethylene glycol as a water‐soluble nonabsorbable marker, the transits through the gastrointestinal tract and the absorption indices for the sugars in the various segments were calculated. The rates and sites of absorption of the disaccharides were also compared with the amounts and localizations of the corresponding disaccharidases in the intestinal wall. The rates and loci of maltose and glucose absorption were the same. The rate of the intracellular hydrolysis of maltose was not rate‐limiting for its absorption. The rate of trehalose absorption during the first 2 hr after administration was not significantly different from that of glucose. During the later phase of trehalose absorption, when the remaining trehalose was in the lower small intestine and colon, this sugar was absorbed considerably more slowly. This suggests that the relative lack of trehalase in the lower small intestinal mucosa limited the rate of absorption of trehalose at this site. A considerable amount of trehalose was absorbed from the lower third of the small intestine and the colon, in contrast to glucose and maltose.
Gastric Acid Secretion in Gastric Fistula Cats during Reserpine Treatment1
Authors: Emås Sverre 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effect of daily intramuscular injections of reserpine on basal gastric secretion and on the secretory responses to intravenous histamine, gastrin, metha‐choline, and insulin hypoglycemia, was investigated in nonanesthetized gastric fistula cats. Reserpine treatment during 3 days or more produced an elevation of basal secretion, and the secretory responses to histamine and gastrin were increased, while that to methacholine remained unaltered and that to insulin hypoglycemia was reduced. The changes described were highly significant. The results suggest at least a two‐fold mode of action of reserpine on the gastric secretory mechanism. The experiments with histamine and gastrin indicate that reserpine treatment increases the excitability of the parietal cells to these stimuli; those with methacholine and insulin hypoglycemia indicate that reserpine treatment also interferes with the gastrin mechanism.