bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing beyond-Kerr spacetimes with GWTC-3
Authors: Santos Rafael M. , Nunes Rafael C. , de Araujo Jose C. N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Kerr spacetime is a fundamental solution of general relativity (GR), describing the gravitational field around a rotating, uncharged black hole (BH). Kerr spacetime has been crucial in modern astrophysics and it serves as a foundation for the study of gravitational waves (GWs). Possible deviations in Kerr geometry may indicate deviations from GR predictions. In this work, we consider the Johannsen–Psaltis metric, which is a beyond-Kerr metric characterized by a single free parameter, and then we probe this theory framework using several GWs observations from the third Gravitational-wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3). We find that, for most of the events analyzed, there are no significant deviations from the null hypothesis, i.e. the Kerr metric. Our main findings demonstrate alignment and certain enhancements when compared to previous estimates documented in the literature.
Generic spherically symmetric thin-shell wormholes with equilibrium throat at the innermost photonsphere are unstable
Authors: Mazharimousavi S. Habib 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this research, we prove analytically that a generic spherically symmetric thin-shell wormhole (TSW) with its throat located at the innermost photonsphere of the bulk asymptotically flat black hole and supported by a generic surface barotropic perfect fluid is unstable against a radial linear perturbation. This is the generalization of the instability of the Schwarzschild TSW (STSW) with the throat’s radius located at $$a_{0}=3M$$

a
0

=
3
M

that was revealed by Poisson and Visser in their seminal work (Poisson and Visser in Phys Rev D 52, 7318, 1995). where they studied the mechanical stability of STSW. Our proof provides a link between the instability of the null circular geodesics on the innermost photonsphere of a generic static spherically symmetric asymptotically black hole and the TSW constructed in the same bulk with $$a_{0}=r_{c}$$

a
0

=

r
c

where $$ a_{0} $$

a
0

and $$r_{c}$$

r
c

are the radius of the TSW and the innermost photonsphere, respectively. For asymptotically flat spherically symmetric black holes possessing more than one photonspheres, the number of the photonspheres is odd and at least one photonsphere is stable which implies the corresponding TSW with its throat identical with the stable photonsphere is also stable.
Autoencoders for real-time SUEP detection
Authors: Chhibra Simranjit Singh , Chernyavskaya Nadezda , Maier Benedikt , Pierini Maurzio , Hasan Syed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConfining dark sectors with pseudo-conformal dynamics can produce Soft Unclustered Energy Patterns (SUEP), at the Large Hadron Collider: the production of dark quarks in proton–proton collisions leading to a dark shower and the high-multiplicity production of dark hadrons. The final experimental signature is spherically symmetric energy deposits by an anomalously large number of soft Standard Model particles with a transverse energy of O(100)$$\,\text {MeV}$$

MeV

. Assuming Yukawa-like couplings of the scalar portal state, the dominant production mode is gluon fusion, and the dominant background comes from multi-jet QCD events. We have developed a deep learning-based Anomaly Detection technique to reject QCD jets and identify any anomalous signature, including SUEP, in real-time in the High-Level Trigger system of experiments like the Compact Muon Solenoid at the Large Hadron Collider. A deep convolutional neural autoencoder network has been trained using QCD events by taking transverse energy deposits in the inner tracker, electromagnetic calorimeter, and hadron calorimeter sub-detectors as 3-channel image data. Due to the sparse nature of the data, only $$\sim $$
∼
0.5% of the total $$\sim $$
∼
$${300}\,\textrm{k}$$

300

k

image pixels have nonzero values. To tackle this challenge, a nonstandard loss function, the inverse of the so-called Dice Loss, is exploited. The trained autoencoder with learned spatial features of QCD jets can detect 40% of the SUEP events, with a QCD event mistagging rate as low as 2%. The model inference time has been measured using the $$^{\texttt {TM}}$$

TM

processor and found to be $$\sim $$
∼
$${20}\textrm{ms}$$

20
ms

, which perfectly satisfies the High-Level Trigger system’s latency of $$\mathcal {O}(10^2)~\textrm{ms}$$

O
(

10
2

)

ms

. Given the virtue of the unsupervised learning of the autoencoders, the trained model can be applied to any new physics model that predicts an experimental signature anomalous to QCD jets.
Multiple-in-Single-Out Object Detector Leveraging Spiking Neural Membrane Systems and Multiple Transformers
Authors: Jiang Zhengyuan , Sun Siyan , Peng Hong , Liu Zhicai , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2024

Most existing multi-scale object detectors depend on multi-level feature maps. The Feature Pyramid Networks (FPN) is a significant architecture for object detection that utilizes these multi-level feature maps. However, the use of FPN also increases the detector’s complexity. For object detection methods that only use a single-level feature map, the detection performance is limited to some extent because the single-level feature map cannot balance deep semantic information and shallow detail information. We introduce a novel detector — the Spiking Neural P Multiple-in-Single-out (SNPMiSo) detector to address these challenges. The SNPMiSo detector is constructed based on SNP-like neurons. In SNPMiSo, we employ two kinds of Transformers to boost the important features across different-level feature maps separately. After enhancing the features, we use an incremental upsampling module to upsample and merge the two feature maps. This combined feature map is input into the NAF dilated residual module and the NAF dual-branch detection head. This process allows us to extract multi-scale features and carry out detection tasks. Our tests show promising results: On the COCO dataset, SNPMiSo attains an Average Precision (AP) of 38.7, an improvement of 1.0 AP over YOLOF. In addition, SNPMiSo demonstrates a quicker detection speed, outperforming some advanced multi-level and single-level object detectors.
INVESTIGATION ON HYBRID FIBER METAL LAMINATE USING ULTRASONIC VIBRATION-COUPLED MICROWIRE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING
Authors: KARTHIKEYAN M. , MUTHU VIJAYA PANDIAN S. , VIJAYAKUMAR R. 
Published: March 2024

This study examines the machinability of hybrid fiber metal laminates (HFML), which are made by nickel–chromium alloy (IN-625) metal-cored carbon (Ca)/aramid (Ar) fiber laminate using ultrasonic vibration-coupled microwire electrical discharge machining (UV-[Formula: see text]WEDM). Since UV-[Formula: see text]WEDM parameters significantly impact the erosion rate ([Formula: see text]) and surface undulation ([Formula: see text]), the main objective was to identify the optimal machining parameters. The input variables include the pulse on ([Formula: see text]), pulse off ([Formula: see text]), current ([Formula: see text]), cutting inclination ([Formula: see text]), and servo voltage ([Formula: see text]) coupled with ultrasonic vibration (UV). The empirical findings show that the servo voltage ([Formula: see text]) significantly impacts [Formula: see text] (73.93%) and [Formula: see text] (70.02%). The performance categorization order of significant influencing variable is [Formula: see text]. The desirability interpretation generated the optimum setting for minimizing [Formula: see text] and maximizing [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A, and [Formula: see text]. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were used to perform the micro-interlayer analysis on the machined surface. Moreover, creating an appropriate HFML is necessary to cut various shapes and sizes to satisfy the demands of diverse applications. 60% of components in the aerospace sector are reportedly rejected in real time due to dimension departure, poor surface finish, and damage found in the final assembly. Investigating the viability of cutting-edge machining techniques like UV-[Formula: see text]WEDM is crucial to minimize damage and improve the quality of HFMLs.
Abstract 1007: Breast cancer related lymphedema patient characteristics and treatment patterns in a Hispanic majority population
Authors: Shaker Sarah A. , Rahman Lauren P. , Canola Marcela Mazo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Studies have shown an increased risk of Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema (BCRL) in Hispanic populations, however there are limited studies examining factors specific to BCRL in this minority population. This retrospective study aims to characterize and analyze treatment and demographic related factors associated with BCRL in the Hispanic majority population of San Antonio.
Methods: This is a retrospective, single institution study of patients with BCRL between 2017-2020 at Mays Cancer Center in San Antonio, Texas, a city with a majority minority Hispanic population.Results: 110 subjects with BCRL were identified with a median age of 62 years old. 52.7% were Hispanic while 47.3% were non-Hispanic. The median BMI was 31 with over 75% of subjects with BCRL categorized with BMIs of overweight or obese. 89.1% received some form of chemotherapy, whether neoadjuvant or adjuvant, and 80.9% were exposed to some form of taxane. The majority underwent more invasive procedures and surgeries: 69.1% had axillary lymph node dissection and 71.2% underwent mastectomy. The median number of lymph nodes removed were 12. 62.7% of BCRL patients were exposed to nodal radiation. Regarding BCRL severity, 29.4% were classified as grade 1 while 11% classified as grade 3. Of note, there was a statistically significant correlation between more severe lymphedema (grade 2 and 3) and use of chemotherapy (P-value = 0.04.)Conclusion: The demographic composition of patients with BCRL closely mirrors the ethnically diverse population of San Antonio, with a large Hispanic predominance. Within this cohort of patients of BCRL, a large portion demonstrated factors of elevated BMI, more invasive surgical interventions, and exposure to chemotherapy, specifically taxane. The examination of these factors in a Hispanic-centric urban setting such as San Antonio offers crucial insight into a patient population at heightened risk for developing BCRL.
Citation Format: Sarah A. Shaker, Lauren P. Rahman, Marcela Mazo Canola. Breast cancer related lymphedema patient characteristics and treatment patterns in a Hispanic majority population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1007.
Abstract 105: Understanding the role of β2-adrenergic receptor signaling on type II innate lymphoid cells in cancer
Authors: Choi Jee Eun , MacDonald Cameron R. , Daneshmandi Saeed , Wang Jianmin , Roberts Nathan T. , James Caitlin M. , McCarthy Philip L. , Mohammadpour Hemn , Repasky Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Increased norepinephrine (NE) due to chronic stress can activate adrenergic receptors, specifically β2-adrenergic receptors (β2AR), to produce an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Previous work by our lab demonstrated that tumor burden can be reduced by blocking β2AR signaling. Immune cells express β2AR and we have shown that the increased β2AR signaling leads to increased T cell exhaustion and increased inhibitory activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In general, the resulting immunosuppression leads to a modest but significant reduction in tumor growth. However, the lack of a dramatic reduction in tumor growth reveals the complex nature of adrenergic signaling dependent regulation of the cancer immune response. Recent literature revealed that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), especially type II ILCs (ILC2s), express high levels of β2AR. Therefore, we evaluated whether β2AR regulates ILC2s within the TME and how that affects tumor prognosis. We generated a genetic conditional knockout murine model where β2AR expression in ILC2s was deleted by crossing IL5cre expressing mice to β2ARflox/flox mice (IL5creβ2ARf/f). AT3 breast cancer cell line was injected into the 4th mammary fat pad and tumor volume was measured every 2-3 days. Tumor infiltrating ILC2s (CD45+Lineage−CD90.2+CD127+ST2+) were analyzed by flow cytometry at D36 post-tumor implantation. Notably, IL5creβ2ARf/f mice had increased AT3 breast cancer tumor growth compared to control mice. Flow cytometric analysis of the tumor revealed an increased frequency of GATA3+ ILC2s within the TME. These GATA3+ ILC2s lacking β2AR expressed higher levels of the IL33 receptor, ST2, and a higher percentage of IL13+ cells compared to WT GATA3+ ILC2 cells. We also observe a trend toward increased MDSC population within the TME of mice lacking β2AR in ILC2s. These results reveal an anti-tumor function of β2AR signaling through the suppression of ILC2 activity within the TME that warrants further investigation. This work has been in part supported by NIH Grants F30 CA284763 (to J.C.), K99 HL155792 (to H.M.), and RO1 CA205246 (to E.R.)
Citation Format: Jee Eun Choi, Cameron R. MacDonald, Saeed Daneshmandi, Jianmin Wang, Nathan T. Roberts, Caitlin M. James, Philip L. McCarthy, Hemn Mohammadpour, Elizabeth A. Repasky. Understanding the role of β2-adrenergic receptor signaling on type II innate lymphoid cells in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 105.
Abstract 1059: Biomarkers analysis on samples from patients in EVT801 clinical trial: Patient characterization and immunomonitoring
Authors: Davenne Lise , Fitzgerald Michael , Ancey Pierre-Benoit , Delpuech Oona , Poussereau-Pomié Céline , Esquerre Michael , Paillasse Michael R. , Mandron Marie , Rochaix Philippe , Ayyoub Maha , Scarlata Clara Maria , Caux Christine , Caux Christophe , Cassier Philippe , Gomez-Roca Carlos , Delord Jean-Pierre , Friend John , Fons Pierre 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction: EVT801 is a highly selective small molecule inhibitor of VEGFR3 that acts by inducing tumor (lymph)-angiogenesis normalization in and around the tumor. EVT801 has shown compelling activity in a wide range of cancer models showing a decrease of tumor hypoxia and an increase of CD8pos T-cells infiltration into the tumor micro-environment. EVT801 was well-tolerated in preclinical toxicology studies. A phase I study is underway focusing primarily on understanding the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of EVT801 across a range of doses (NCT05114668).
Methods: The first stage of the phase I trial aims to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended Phase II dose (RP2D) for EVT801. Clinical samples from enrolled patients have been collected to explore preliminary signals of the biological activity of the drug and characterize tumor phenotypes. Patient characterization includes histology and mRNA signature in archival biopsies. Target engagement and pharmacodynamics effects are investigated by immunomonitoring as well as assessment of a defined set of proteins as markers of inflammation and angiogenesis as identified in preclinical in vivo models.
Conclusion: Our first biomarkers analyses on a subpopulation of patients with High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGS-OC) enrolled in the first stage of the study showed that levels of VEGFR3 expression had a negative correlation with CD8 positive T-cells infiltration in the tumor microenvironment and a tendency to positive correlation with a PD1 mAb resistance signature. VEGFR3 expression also tends to be correlated with higher levels of hypoxia (CAIX labelling). Our working hypothesis is that patients with hypoxic HGS-OC tumors with high VEGFR3 expression may benefit from EVT801 treatment; this will need to be reinforced by inclusion of additional patients in dedicated PD biomarkers cohorts during stage 2 of the clinical trial.
Citation Format: Lise Davenne, Michael Fitzgerald, Pierre-Benoit Ancey, Oona Delpuech, Céline Poussereau-Pomié, Michael Esquerre, Michael R. Paillasse, Marie Mandron, Philippe Rochaix, Maha Ayyoub, Clara Maria Scarlata, Christine Caux, Christophe Caux, Philippe Cassier, Carlos Gomez-Roca, Jean-Pierre Delord, John Friend, Pierre Fons. Biomarkers analysis on samples from patients in EVT801 clinical trial: Patient characterization and immunomonitoring [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1059.
Abstract 1067: Label free Raman spectroscopy of extracellular vesicles for early stage liquid biopsy cancer detection
Authors: Carney Randy P. , Navas-Moreno Maria , Birkeland Andrew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aim: To improve patient outcomes, there remains a critical need to develop faster, less invasive platforms capable of identifying biomarkers. Multi-omics approaches, while promising, are high in cost and complexity, low throughput, slow, and require large sample volumes, thus are impractical for many stages of clinical care. Raman spectroscopy (RS) addresses many of these needs: it requires little to no sample preparation, is non-destructive, does not need exogenous dyes or labelling agents, and can be performed directly in aqueous solutions. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers further improvements in terms of sensitivity but increases complexity. In this study we carried out comprehensive RS and SERS measurements on a &gt;100-person cohort of blood and saliva from head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and benign controls. Analyses were carried out on whole biofluids, in addition to extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from the biofluids to investigate the added value. EVs are emerging biomarkers of interest found in high numbers in circulating biofluids with great promise to increase the specificity of diagnostic platforms.
Results: We analyzed a robust clinical dataset of HNC patient saliva and plasma to build a diagnostic model. We found distinct Raman and SERS signatures of metabolites in all cancer samples uniquely present compared to non-cancer controls. Raman spectral measurements fused together for EVs and whole biofluids across saliva and plasma delivered accuracies of &gt;95% using a novel machine learning module based on convolutional neural networks. Our platform features an automated method to isolate EVs amenable to rapid clinical use.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicate an exciting step in validating Raman as a robust diagnostic tool revealing that complementary chemical information spread out across biofluids and biomarkers of interest can strongly improve simple, quick Raman based diagnostics of whole biofluids and EVs.
Citation Format: Randy P. Carney, Maria Navas-Moreno, Andrew Birkeland. Label free Raman spectroscopy of extracellular vesicles for early stage liquid biopsy cancer detection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1067.
Abstract 1085: Exploiting bioenergetic vulnerabilities in chemotherapy resistant osteosarcoma
Authors: Nguyen Valerie U. , Graves Laurie , Colmenares Veronica , Macabangon Abol , Syal Casey , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey , Eward William C. , Kim So Young , Somarelli Jason A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone cancer in children and young adults. Standard treatment involves chemotherapy and surgical resection, yet nearly 4 in 10 patients experience disease relapse, and almost all of these patients are resistant to additional chemotherapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the biology of chemo-resistant OS and identify new therapeutic strategies to treat this therapy-resistant disease state.
METHODS: Using a CRISPR-Cas9 based lineage tracing system, RNA sequencing, and Seahorse XF assays in chemo-naïve, -resistant, and -released human 143b and patient-derived 173x OS cell lines, we modeled the evolution of chemoresistance and release from the selective pressure of chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. The phenotype of each cell state was assessed through in vitro and ex vivo cell proliferation assays, a comparison of cell viability upon re-challenge to standard-of-care chemotherapy, and comparison of cell viability in response to novel therapies targeting alterations in cell respiration.
RESULTS: Chemo-resistant OS cells demonstrate a decrease in expression of proliferation-associated gene pathways and shift their resources toward expression and maintenance of multi-drug resistance ABC transporters. Chemo-released cells maintain elevated expression of ABC transporters while re-activating proliferation. Across the spectrum of chemotherapy exposure, OS cells demonstrate changes in respiratory capacity, with unique bioenergetic phenotypes observed in chemo-naïve, -resistant, and -released cells.
CONCLUSIONS: Chemo-resistant and chemo-released OS cells demonstrate unique bioenergetic patterns that correlate with gene expression signatures and growth phenotypes. Evolution imposed by the selective pressure of chemotherapy may render OS cells vulnerable to therapies that disrupt cellular energetics and exploit multi-drug resistant ABC transporters.
Citation Format: Valerie U. Nguyen, Laurie Graves, Veronica Colmenares, Abol Macabangon, Casey Syal, Kelsey Fisher-Wellman, William C. Eward, So Young Kim, Jason A. Somarelli. Exploiting bioenergetic vulnerabilities in chemotherapy resistant osteosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1085.