bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of valve tray geometry on the interfacial area of mass transfer
Authors: Liang Yin‐Chun , Zhou Zheng , Shao Min , Geng Jiao , Wu You‐Ting , Zhang Zhi‐Bing 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe interfacial area of mass transfer is one of the key parameters in valve tray design, and the valve geometry is the important structural parameter that determines the interfacial area. In this work, the hydrodynamic and mass‐transfer characteristics of three different types of valve trays are investigated. The mechanism of bubbles deformation and breakage in the turbulent dispersion system is theoretically analyzed on the basis of Kolmogoroff's isotropic turbulence hypothesis, and a novel model is proposed to predict the interfacial area. The results show that the simulation results agree well with the experimental data. In contrast to most of the conventional models, the present model is capable of evaluating the effects of valve configuration on the interfacial area. The model is expected to guide effectively the design of valve trays which is widely applied nowadays. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 2008
Cyclic CO2 capture by limestone‐derived sorbent during prolonged calcination/carbonation cycling
Authors: Sun Ping , Lim C. Jim , Grace John R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe performance of limestone‐derived CaO during many (>1000 in some cases) calcination and carbonation cycles is reported. After 150 cycles, the calcium utilization during carbonation reached a minimum value between 4 and 17%, with the asymptotic level depending strongly on the carbonation time. With the aid of mechanistic studies including investigations on sorbent surface topology by SEM and mercury intrusion, a mechanism for pore evolution during the cyclic capture is proposed consistent with the experimental observations. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
o‐Carboxybenzoylferrocene. Bioactivity and chemical Modifications
Authors: Simenel Alexander A. , Samarina Svetlana V. , Snegur Lubov' V. , Starikova Zoya A. , Ostrovskaya Larissa A. , Bluchterova Natalia V. , Fomina Margarita M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe antitumor activity of o‐carboxybenzoylferrocene sodium salt (1) was studied in vivo. Interaction between o‐carboxybenzoylferrocene (2) and N,N′‐carbonyldiimidazole in boiling methylene dichloride leads to 3‐(N‐imidazolyl)‐3‐ferrocenylisobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐one (5). The structure of compound 5 was established by X‐ray analysis. Aminolysis of compound 5 in toluene gave rise to ferrocenoylbenzamides (6a–d)–derivatives of dimethylamine, piperidine, pyrrolidine and morpholine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Irradiation‐induced grafting of polyacrylamide onto the sulphonated poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (SPPO) films as well as its use as catalytical layer in a bipolar membrane
Authors: Chen Guangwen , Xu Tongwen , Liu Junsheng 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe sulfonated poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (SPPO) was modified by γ‐ray irradiation‐reduced grafting of polyacrylamide. The grafting reaction was proved by the elemental composition of grafted SPPO, which was determined by XPS data. The influences of both the irradiation dose and the concentration of polymerization inhibitor on grafting copolymerization rate were investigated and the effect of graft rate on water content of SPPO film was fully discussed. Bipolar membranes were prepared by using these grafted SPPO as the cation exchange layers (and thus the grafted polyacrylamide is used as interfacial layer) and their I–V curves were studied. The results showed that γ‐ray irradiation‐reduced grafting copolymerization of acrylamide was one of the most efficient methods to improve the properties of a bipolar membrane. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Outcomes of colorectal anastomoses during pelvic exenteration for gynaecological malignancy
Authors: Lim S-W , Lim S-B , Park J-Y , Park S-Y , Choi H S , Jeong S-Y 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Although pelvic exenteration is frequently indicated during surgery for gynaecological malignancy, performing a colorectal anastomosis remains contentious because of concern about leakage. This study evaluated the safety of performing a low colorectal anastomosis during pelvic exenteration for gynaecological malignancy.

Methods
Between April 2001 and December 2006, 145 consecutive patients underwent low colorectal anastomosis without (122) or with (23) a stoma after pelvic exenteration for advanced primary or recurrent gynaecological malignancy. Subjects were assessed in terms of five patient-, four disease- and two surgery-related variables. The proportion of patients with each risk factor for leakage was found, and the rate of symptomatic anastomotic leakage was determined.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 53·5 (range 10–77) years and the most common diagnosis was ovarian cancer (77·9 per cent). The mean operating time was 453 (range 145–845) min and the mean blood loss was 1080 (range 110–10 500) ml; 95 patients (65·5 per cent) required a blood transfusion. Of the 145 patients, 81 (55·9 per cent) had patient-related, 94 (64·8 per cent) had disease-related and 67 (46·2 per cent) had surgery-related variables associated with a risk of leakage. Symptomatic anastomotic leakage developed in three patients (2·1 per cent).

Conclusion
Although patients with gynaecological malignancy carry considerable risks associated with anastomotic leakage, carefully executed low colorectal anastomosis during pelvic exenteration was found to be safe.
N‐Terminal Specific Fluorescence Labeling of Proteins through Incorporation of Fluorescent Hydroxy Acid and Subsequent Ester Cleavage
Authors: Watanabe Takayoshi , Miyata Yoichi , Abe Ryoji , Muranaka Norihito , Hohsaka Takahiro 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe have developed a novel method to attach a fluorescent label at the N terminus of proteins through a four‐base codon‐mediated incorporation of a fluorescent hydroxy acid and subsequent cleavage of the ester bond in a cell‐free translation system. We found that a fluorescent‐labeled p‐amino‐L‐phenyllactic acid was successfully incorporated downstream of N‐terminal tag peptides in response to a CGGG codon, and the tag peptides could be removed through ester cleavage to leave the fluorescent hydroxy acid at the N terminus of the proteins. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that ester cleavage occurred spontaneously during the translation reaction. The efficiency of the ester cleavage and the yield of the labeled proteins were dependent on the peptide tag sequence. We demonstrate that the insertion of an asparagine residue between the N‐terminal T7 tag and the fluorescent hydroxy acid achieved both quantitative ester cleavage and efficient expression of the labeled proteins. The present method is a potential tool for N‐terminal specific labeling of proteins with various compounds.
Metal‐Mediated Formation of Carbon–Halogen Bonds
Authors: Vigalok Arkadi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOrganic halides represent basic starting materials for numerous metal‐catalyzed organic transformations. Generally, the carbon–halogen is broken in the first step, that is, an oxidative addition reaction, of the catalytic cycle. On the other hand, very little is known about the reverse reaction, carbon–halogen reductive elimination from a transition‐metal center. In this Concept article, we describe the examples of C(sp3)halide and C(sp2)halide reductive‐elimination reactions which demonstrate that this type of reactivity can be quite common in organometallic chemistry. Although the thermodynamic driving force for the formation of carbon–halogen bonds is relatively small, the kinetic barrier for these reactions can also be low. Thus, Chalide reductive elimination can compete favorably with the more established organic transformations, such as CC reductive elimination.
Fullerene C60–Perylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) Light‐Harvesting Dyads: Spacer‐Length and Bay‐Substituent Effects on Intramolecular Singlet and Triplet Energy Transfer
Authors: Baffreau Jérôme , Leroy‐Lhez Stéphanie , Vân Anh Nguyên , Williams René M. , Hudhomme Piétrick 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNovel covalent fullerene C60–perylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) (C60–PDI) dyads (1–4) were synthesized and characterized. Their electrochemical and photophysical properties were investigated. Electrochemical studies show that the reduction potential of PDI can be tuned relative to C60 by molecular engineering through altering the substituents on the PDI bay region. It was demonstrated using steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy that a quantitative, photoinduced energy transfer takes place from the PDI moiety, acting as a light‐harvesting antenna, to the C60 unit, playing the role of energy acceptor. The bay‐substitution (tetrachloro [1 and 2] or tetra‐tert‐butylphenoxy [3 and 4]) of the PDI antenna and the linkage length (C2 [1 and 3] or C5 [2 and 4]) to the C60 acceptor are important parameters in the kinetics of energy transfer. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy indicates singlet–singlet energy‐transfer times (from the PDI to the C60 unit) of 0.4 and 5 ps (1), 4.5 and 27 ps (2), 0.8 and 12 ps (3), and 7 and 50 ps (4), these values being ascribed to two different conformers for each C60–PDI system. Subsequent triplet–triplet energy‐transfer times (from the C60 unit to the PDI) are slower and in the order of 0.8 ns (1), 6.2 ns (2), 2.7 ns (3), and 9 ns (4). Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of final PDI triplet states show a marked influence of the bay substitution (tetrachloro‐ or tetra‐tert‐butylphenoxy), and triplet‐state lifetimes (10–20 μs) and the PDI triplet quantum yields (0.75–0.52) were estimated. The spectroscopy showed no substantial solvent effect upon comparing toluene (non‐polar) to benzonitrile (polar), indicating that no electron transfer is occurring in these systems.
Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Novel 1,8‐Naphthalimide Derivatives Containing Triphenylamine Moiety as Hole‐Transporting Groups
Authors: LI Lin‐Bo , JI Shun‐Jun , LIU Yu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA series of novel 1,8‐naphthalimide derivatives have been synthesized via Suzuki cross‐coupling and characterized by 1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis, with their luminescent properties, quantum yields and electronic properties also presented. These compounds exhibited orange fluorescence with the maximum wavelengths ranging from 584 to 610 nm and lower HOMO energy level.
Molecular Packing Prediction and Periodic Calculations on Three Polynitroadamantanes as Potential High Energy Density Compounds
Authors: XU Xiao‐Juan , ZHU Wei‐Hua , XIAO He‐Ming 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe DREIDING force field was chosen to predict the molecular packings for the three polynitroadamantanes (PNAs) with 8–10 ‐NO2 among the 7 most possible space groups (P21/c, P‐1, P212121, P21, Pbca, C2/c and Pna21) using molecular mechanics (MM) method, respectively. Then, ab inito periodic calculations were performed on the three predicted crystals using the DFT‐GGA‐RPBE method. Density of states (DOS) calculations showed that C–N bond was the trigger bond of PNA during thermolysis; band gaps (ΔE) were used to predict their relative sensitivity. All of these are consistent well with those drawn from bond dissociation energy calculation on gas molecules. Besides, our calculations present that variations of PNAs molecular structures from gas to crystal become smaller with the number of ‐NO2 groups increasing.
Ionic Liquid Catalyst Used in Deep Desulfuration of the Coking Benzene for Producing Sulfurless Benzene
Authors: ZHOU Xia‐Ping , WANG Yan‐Liang , MENG Fan‐Wei , FAN Xing‐Ming , QIN Song‐Bo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFor the widening need of benzene used in organic synthesis, ionic liquid catalyst was prepared to study the process of deep desulfuration in the coking benzene. The result shows that the effect of de‐thiophene by the ionic liquid catalyst (N‐methyl imidazolium hydrogen sulfate [Hmim][HSO4]) is related to its acid function value. Hammett indicator was used to determine the acid function value H0 of the ionic liquid. It can be concluded that while the acid function value is in the range from −4 to −12, the ionic liquid catalyst can make the concentration of thiophene in the coking benzene be under 0.5 mg·L−1. Similarly to the catalytic mechanism of solid acid, with a certain acid quantity and strength, the ionic liquid catalyst helps to form alkyl thiophene through Friedel‐Crafts reaction, which differs from the character of benzene and it is absolutely necessary for the separation and refinement of benzene. But overabundant quantity and higher acid value of [Hmim][HSO4] are more suitable for the side copolymerization of benzene, thiophene and alkene, thereby affecting repeated use of the ionic liquid catalyst([Hmim][HSO4]). In our research, thiophene derivant produced by desulfurization in the coking benzene was used as the polymer to provide the passing channel of the charges. The ionic liquid composition in poor performance after repeated use was made to prepare conductive material (resisting to static electricity) as an "electron‐receiving" and "electron‐giving" doping agent. The result shows that thiophene derivant after desulfuration in the coking benzene can be used to prepare doping conductive materials.
A Novel One‐dimensional Reduced Molybdenum(V) Decorated with Nickel Coordination Cations:Ni[Mo6O12(OH)3(PO4)(HPO4)3]2[Ni(H2O)2][Ni(H2O)(bipy)2]4·5H2O
Authors: GUO Hong‐Xu , WANG Qing‐Hua , CHEN Chen , LIANG Min , CHEN Ling 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA novel molybdenum(V) phosphate decorated with nickel complex cations, Ni[Mo6O12(OH)3(PO4)(HPO4)3]2‐[Ni(H2O)2][Ni(H2O)(bipy)2]4·5H2O (bipy2,2′‐bipyridyl), has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, TGA and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Two {Mo6P4} clusters are linked via one Ni cation to form a Ni[Mo6P4]2 dimer unit, which is further connected together by additional nickel coordination complex ions to give 1‐D molybdenum(V) phosphate chain‐like structure. A probe reaction of the oxidation of benzaldehyde with H2O2 using the title compound as catalyst was carried out in a liquid‐solid system, showing that the compound had high oxidative catalytic activity to the reaction.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of [Ca(L)(H2O)2]n Constructed by Flexible Ligand 2‐Nitro‐benzene‐1,4‐di(oxyacetate)
Authors: YANG Li , YU Wei , ZHANG Tong‐Lai , ZHANG Jian‐Guo , HU Xiao‐Chun , LIU Zhen‐Hua , WANG Shao‐Zong 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new microporous coordination polymer [Ca(nbdo)(H2O)2]n, constructed by 2‐nitro‐benzene‐1,4‐di(oxyace‐tate), was obtained by a slow evaporation method and characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, DSC, TG‐DTG and fluorescent spectral analysis. The crystal structure reveals that there is 1‐D microporous channel, which is bridged by four kinds of hydrogen bonds to generate a 3‐D supramolecular network. The thermal analysis of the complex shows that it began to lose water molecules at 375 K, and when the temperature was up to 550 K the framework of the coordination polymer began to collapse. The luminescence property was investigated and the complex shows photoluminescence in the solid state at room temperature, excited at 320 nm.
1D Ladder‐like Chain and 1D Channeled 3D Supramolecular Architectures Based on Benzophenone‐2,4′‐dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: YANG Xiao‐Gang , LI Dong‐Sheng , FU Feng , WU Ya‐Pan , WANG Ji‐Jiang , WANG Yao‐Yu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe hydrothermal reactions of AgNO3, 2,2′‐bipyridyl, and benzophenone‐2,4′‐dicarboxylic acid gave rise to two 3D supramolecular architectures, namely H2L·H2O (1), [Ag(bpy)2]·HL·H2O (2) (bpy2,2′‐bipyridyl, H2Lbenzophenone‐2,4′‐dicarboxylic acid). The two compounds are extended by hydrogen bonds in two different approaches. In the case of 1, one‐dimensional ladder‐like structure is firstly formed through O–H···O hydrogen bonding between H2L ligands and water molecules, then extended to a 3D supramolecular architecture. Compound 2 possesses 3D supramolecular architecture containing 1D open channels, which are driven due to the strong H‐bonding interactions occurring between the HL anions and water molecules; interestingly, [Ag(bpy)2]+ cations are linked together through π‐π interactions between bpy ligands and weak Ag···Ag interactions, and then reside in these channels by C–H···O hydrogen‐bond. The photoluminescence properties of these compounds were also investigated, the emission maxima for 2 exhibits red‐shift compared with that of free ligand and 1 due to chelating effect of the 2,2′‐bipyridine ligand to the silver ion and the presence of aromatic π‐packing.
Synthesis of Four Triazole Compounds and Their Corrosion Inhibitive Effect on Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium
Authors: ZHANG Xiao‐Ru , XU Min‐Hua , ZHANG Shu‐Sheng 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFour new 1,2,3‐triazoles (3a, 3b, 4a and 4b) have been synthesized selectively via click chemistry approach and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and single crystal X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The inhibiting action of these compounds against the corrosion of carbon steel in 1.0 mol/L HCl solution was investigated by electrochemical techniques including polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), both results of which indicate that these compounds act as good anodic inhibitors. The electrochemical study also shows that 4b is the best inhibitor among the four compounds in this work and its efficiency increases with concentration. The obtained highest IE (inhibition efficiency) of 4b is around 97%.
Thermodynamic Equilibrium Morphology Prediction of Polyurethane/Polyacrylate Composite Latex Particles
Authors: CHAI Shu‐Ling , JIN Ming‐Martin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractComposite particles were prepared by seeded surfactant‐free batch emulsion polymerization at 80 °C using K2S2O8 as an initiator, and polyurethane aqueous dispersion as seed particles. The acrylate monomers were continuously added into the reactor under a starving condition in the second stage polymerization. The synthesized hybrid emulsions were found to form an inverted core‐shell structure with polyacrylate as the core and with polyurethane as the shell from the observation with a transmission electron microscope. The interfacial tensions between polymer and polymer as well as polymer and water were calculated with a simple method according to harmonic mean equation and used in a mathematical model based on the minimum interfacial energy change principle to predict the equilibrium morphology. The observed particle morphologies were in good agreement with the predicted ones. The surface properties of the dried films formed from polyurethane (PU)/polyacrylate (PA) composite emulsions were also studied by contact angle measurements, showing that the shell part of the composite emulsions is preferentially oriented toward the surface layers of the dried films.
A One‐pot, Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐2‐Sulfonyl‐Substituted 1,3‐Enynes by Hydrostannylation‐Stille Tandem Reaction of Acetylenic Sulfones
Authors: ZHAO Hong , ZHANG Hai‐Yun , CAI Ming‐Zhong 
Published: April 2008

Abstract(Z)‐2‐Sulfonyl‐substituted 1,3‐enynes can be stereoselectively synthesized in one pot by the palladium‐catalyzed hydrostannylation of acetylenic sulfones, followed by Stille coupling with alkynyl bromides. The present method has the advantages of readily available starting materials, straightforward and simple procedures, mild reaction conditions and good yields.
Synthesis of Somatostatin Mimetics Based on 1‐Deoxynojirimycin
Authors: Chagnault Vincent , Lalot Jérôme , Murphy Paul V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of novel somatostatin mimetics from 1‐deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is described. The dipeptide mimetic, which respectively displayed the side chains of tryptophan and lysine at the nitrogen and O6 atoms of the iminosugar scaffold is a ligand (Ki=3.2 μM) for the human somatostatin receptor subtype 4 (hSSTR4) but has lower affinity (Ki>100 μM) for hSSTR5. A benzylated analogue of the Trp‐Lys mimetic displays higher affinity for hSSTR5 (Ki=5 μM).
Ion transport peptide splice forms in central and peripheral neurons throughout postembryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Dircksen Heinrich , Tesfai Lily Kahsai , Albus Christina , Nässel Dick R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIon transport peptides (ITPs) belong to a large arthropod neuropeptide family including crustacean hyperglycaemic hormones and are antidiuretic hormones in locusts. Because long and short ITP isoforms are generated by alternative splicing from a single gene in locusts and moths, we investigated whether similarly spliced gene products occur in the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster throughout postembryogenesis. The itp gene CG13586 was reanalyzed, and we found three instead of the two previously annotated alternatively spliced mRNAs. These give rise to three different neuropeptides, two long C‐terminally carboxylated isoforms (DrmITPL1 and DrmITPL2, both 87 amino acids) and one short amidated DrmITP (73 amino acids), which were partially identified biochemically. Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization reveal nine larval and 14 adult identified neurons: four pars lateralis neurosecretory neurons, three hindgut‐innervating neurons in abdominal ganglia, and a stage‐specific number of interneurons and peripheral bipolar neurons. The neurosecretory neurons persist throughout postembryogenesis, form release sites in corpora cardiaca, and invade corpora allata. One type of ITP‐expressing interneuron exists only in the larval and prepupal subesophageal ganglia, whereas three types of interneurons in the adult brain arise in late pupae and invade circumscribed neuropils in superior median and lateral brain areas. One peripheral bipolar and putative sensory neuron type occurs in the larval, pupal, and adult preterminal abdominal segments. Although the neurosecretory neurons may release DrmITP and DrmITPL2 into the haemolymph, possible physiological roles of the hindgut‐innervating and peripheral neurons as well as the interneurons are yet to be identified. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:23–41, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Electrochemical Grafting of a Mixture of Substituted Phenyl Groups at a Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface
Authors: Louault Cyril , D'Amours Mathieu , Bélanger Daniel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo‐component substituted aryl groups are simultaneously grafted onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode by electrochemical reduction of a binary mixture of two aryl diazonium salts in acetonitrile. The electrochemical deposition is achieved potentiostatically and two different mixtures with four different ratios of diazonium salts are used. The binary mixtures comprise: 1) 4‐nitrophenyl diazonium and 4‐bromophenyl diazonium cations and 2) 4‐bromophenyl diazonium and N,N‐diethylaniline diazonium cations. The chemical composition of the two component films is determined by cyclic voltammetry in an electrolyte inert for electroactive groups such as nitrophenyl and bromophenyl. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy is also used to evaluate the surface concentration of each grafted substituted phenyl group. The surface concentration of the substituted phenyl group for which the corresponding diazonium cation is the most easily reduced is higher than its concentration in the mixture of the deposition solution. The usefulness of binary films is also discussed.