bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from immunosuppressed patients
Authors: Al‐Za'abi Ali Mohammed , MacDonald Scott , Geddie William , Boerner Scott L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised patients frequently represent infections. This study was undertaken to evaluate cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage samples and the value of different preparations and silver staining. Over 6 mo, 336 samples were collected from 155 immunosuppressed patients in whom both cytologic and microbiologic studies were performed. In 27 samples, the cytology, microbiology or both demonstrated the presence of infectious agents. In four cases, cytology identified neoplastic process. Cytology had a sensitivity of 34.6% for detection of infection, which increased to 42.9% when Cytomegalovirus was excluded. Cytology detected 6 of 15 cases of Aspergillus, including three cases not detected by microbiology and 3 of 4 cases of Pneumocystis, but did not identify any of the Cytomegalovirus cases. The type of preparations did not affect detection of the organism when present in cytologic samples and silver staining did not appear to have added value in examination of these samples. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:710–714. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric Cyclization of 2′‐Hydroxychalcones to Flavanones: Catalysis by Chiral Brønsted Acids and Bases
Authors: Dittmer Claudia , Raabe Gerhard , Hintermann Lukas 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe asymmetric cyclization of 2′‐hydroxychalcones to flavanones is a basic, enzyme‐catalyzed step in the biosynthesis of flavonoid natural products, but poses a long‐standing problem for asymmetric catalysis with small molecule catalysts. Earlier claims concerning the realization of an asymmetric flavanone synthesis by means of camphorsulfonic acid as chiral Brønsted acid catalysts were reinvestigated using accurate HPLC methods for quantification of enantiomer ratios. The previous claims of asymmetric induction were thus shown to be untenable. On the other hand, cinchona alkaloids serve as chiral Brønsted base mediators for the asymmetric cyclization of either 6′‐substituted 2′‐hydroxychalcones or 2′,6′‐dihydroxychalcones. 2′,6′‐Dihydroxy‐4,4′‐dimethoxychalcone, for instance, cyclized to give the naturally occurring naringenin‐4′,7‐dimethyl ether in up to 64 % ee at 81 % conversion. The catalysis shows a marked dependency of the enantiomeric excess of the product on the catalyst, solvent and reactant concentration. Based on these successful examples of asymmetric cyclizations of 2′‐hydroxychalcones to flavanones, requirements for more active asymmetric catalysts can be defined.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Fullerene Derivatives Substituted with Differently Branched Phenyleneethynylene Dendrons: Synthesis, Electronic and Excited State Properties
Authors: Clifford John N. , Gégout Aline , Zhang Sheng , Pereira de Freitas Rossimiriam , Urbani Maxence , Holler Michel , Ceroni Paola , Nierengarten Jean‐François , Armaroli Nicola 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFullerene derivatives functionalized with isomeric phenyleneethynylene‐based dendrons possessing either 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene or 1,2,4‐triethynylbenzene branching units have been prepared. The electrochemical properties of these compounds are not strongly dependent on the branching patterns since the corresponding redox processes are localized either on the C60 cage (acceptor unit) or on the dialkyloxybenzene moieties (donor units) at the dendron periphery. The photophysical investigations performed in CH2Cl2 have revealed an ultrafast dendron → C60 energy transfer in all these hybrid systems. Importantly, the different π‐conjugation patterns in the two series have a dramatic effect on their electronic properties as attested by the differences observed in their absorption and emission spectra. The lower lying absorption onset and the wider spectral profile of the dyads with 1,2,4‐triethynylbenzene branching units when compared to their 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene analogues clearly points out an improved light harvesting capability. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Dealing with the past and facing the future: mediators of the effects of collective guilt and shame in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Brown Rupert , Cehajic Sabina 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo studies are reported which examined potential mediators of the effects of collective guilt and shame on reparation attitudes. Samples of young Bosnian Serbs (Ns = 173, 247) were asked to report their feelings of guilt and shame for what their group had done during the 1992–1995 war in Bosnia Herzegovina. They also reported their attitudes towards making reparation to Bosnian Muslims. Both collective guilt and shame positively predicted reparation attitudes, but these associations were differently mediated. The effects of guilt were mediated by empathy for the outgroup, while the effects of shame were mediated by self‐pity and empathy. The theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous chiral resolution of monosaccharides as 8‐aminonaphthalene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonate derivatives by ligand‐exchange CE using borate as a central ion of the chiral selector
Authors: Kodama Shuji , Aizawa Sen‐ichi , Taga Atsushi , Yamashita Tomohisa , Kemmei Tomoko , Yamamoto Atsushi , Hayakawa Kazuichi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSix reducing monosaccharides (mannose, galactose, fucose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose) were derivatized with 8‐aminonaphthalene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonate (ANTS). Based on the chiral ligand‐exchange principle using borate as a central ion of the chiral selector and (S)‐3‐amino‐1,2‐propanediol (SAP) as a chiral selector ligand, all of the six ANTS‐monosaccharides were simultaneously enantioseparated using absorbance at 245 nm for detection. The optimum conditions for both high resolution and moderately short migration time consisted of 200 mM SAP–200 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2) containing 10% ACN as a BGE at 30°C with an applied voltage of +30 kV. It was revealed that the proposed chiral ligand‐exchange CE using the SAP–borate system was applicable to enantioseparation of not only diols but also polyols.
Optimization of structural control via a smart NEURO‐FBG control system
Authors: Lin Tzu‐Kang , Chiu Jen‐Chang , Chang Kuo‐Chun 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study improves a NEURO‐FBG active control system to mature the concept of a smart structure. Originally, a system similar to the human brain is created from FBG sensors and neural networks. The system comprises three parts, namely, a structural condition surveillance system, a NEURO‐FBG converter, and a NEURO‐FBG controller. To solve the inherent time‐consuming and reliability problem of the NEURO‐FBG converter, a new technology is first proposed, and the relationship between inter‐story drift and strain data is established. Global indices such as displacement and velocity of the structure are then reconstructed for searching the optimal control force of the actuator. Meanwhile, the soundness of a building with hydraulic actuators is also an important issue to be solved. To make the building sound, the characteristics of earthquakes are considered for enhancing the performance of the NEURO‐FBG controller. Theoretical analysis shows satisfactory improvement to the control efficiency of both displacement and acceleration. To verify the enhanced system, a series of shaking table tests was conducted. Experimental results demonstrated that the new NEURO‐FBG system can effectively manage the structure; and the controller, taking into consideration the ground acceleration effect, is more reliable and robust for practical application than a conventional controller. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palynological studies on Egyptian species of subfamily Asteroideae‐Compositae (tribes Astereae, Calenduleae and Eupatorieae)
Authors: El‐Garf I. I. A. , Osman A. K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPollen morphology of twelve species representing ten genera of subfamily Asteroideae‐Compositae (tribes Astereae, Calenduleae and Eupatorieae) was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen were studied to show all possible characteristic features like shape, size, apertures, wall stratification … etc., with special reference to the specific characters of each pollen type. Three pollen types were recognized viz Calenduleae pollen type, Grangeinae pollen type, and Conyza pollen type. Description of each type, a key to the investigated taxa as well as light and scanning electron microscope. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Taxonomical significance of the morphological and scanning electron microscopic surface patterns of cypselas in some members of the tribe Heliantheae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Garg S. K. , Sharma K. C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractData on morphological, histological and scanning electron microscopic studies on cypselas in 23 species belonging to nine subtribes of the tribe Heliantheae (Asteraceae) are presented. Developmental anatomy in two representative species showed that the two zoned ovary wall matures into a pericarp where the two zones are cemented by a black coloured deposition. The middle layers degenerate at maturity and only two layered seed coat persists. The surface patterns as revealed by SEM are species specific with some common similarities. Based on these characters supplemented by the histo‐morphological characters of the cypselas, a tentative key for identification and interrelationships of the species studied have been prepared. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bibliographia phytosociologica Mongolia
Authors: Hilbig W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn Ergänzung zu den bisherigen zwei Teilen der Bibliographie vegetationskundlicher, vegetationsökologischer, floristischer und pflanzengeographischer Arbeiten über die Mongolei wird in vorliegender Arbeit Teil III der Bibliographie vorgelegt. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and metamorphic evolution of the phengite‐bearing schists of the northern Adula Nappe (Central Alps, Switzerland)
Authors: Zulbati F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPhengite‐bearing schists of the northern Adula Nappe experienced a polymetamorphic and polycyclic evolution that was associated with five deformation episodes. Evidence of a pre‐Alpine metamorphic event is preserved within garnet cores of some amphibole‐bearing schists. The D1 and D2 deformation episodes are recorded by S1 and S2 foliations preserved only within metre‐scale domains of low‐D3 strain. S1 is a relict foliation. Blueschist‐facies conditions at 565 ± 10°C and 11.5 ± 1.5 kbar were attained during D2 and were associated with the development of isoclinal folding and an S2 foliation. The D3 episode took place at 665 ± 50°C and 11.5 ± 2.1 kbar and was responsible for the development of a transpositive S3 foliation. The D4 episode took place at T < 550 ± 10°C and was associated with the development of a discrete S4 foliation and S‐C structures. The D5 episode is recorded by sub‐vertical metre‐scale open folds or centimetre‐scale kinks.The structural and metamorphic evolution described here indicates that the northern and central parts of the Adula Nappe were distinct continental crustal fragments and were brought together under amphibolite‐facies conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of indoor gardening on sleep, agitation, and cognition in dementia patients—a pilot study
Authors: Lee Y. , Kim S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveA pilot study was performed to examine the efficacy of indoor gardening on sleep, agitation and cognition of dementia patients.MethodTwenty‐three institutionalized dementia patients who had sleep disturbance and/or agitation participated in a 5‐week study protocol of 1 week of baseline and 4 weeks of treatment. The study design was a one group repeated measures study. For the first and fifth week of the study period, sleep patterns, agitation, and cognition were evaluated using a sleep diary, Modified Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory and revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale respectively.ResultsSignificant improvement in wake after sleep onset, nap, nocturnal sleep time, and nocturnal sleep efficiency was identified. On the contrary sleep onset time, wake‐up time, total sleep time did not change after indoor gardening. Agitation and cognition score was significantly improved.ConclusionIndoor gardening was found to be effective for sleep, agitation, and cognition of dementia patients. Randomized controlled studies of larger sample size are needed to confirm treatment effect. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hippocampal involvement in recollection but not familiarity across time: A prospective study
Authors: Suchan Boris , Gayk Anna E , Schmid Gebhard , Köster Odo , Daum Irene 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFor medial temporal lobe (MTL) involvement in memory formation, it is as yet unclear whether the MTL represents a single or dual (recollection/familiarity) memory system. A further controversial issue is whether or not the hippocampus is critical for the familiarity component of recognition memory. The present prospective fMRI study aimed to investigate changes of MTL involvement in recollection and familiarity at three time points following new learning: immediately after encoding, after 3 weeks and after 6 weeks. Significant hippocampal activation was observed for recollection relative to correct rejection responses at all three intervals. In addition, a decrease of signal changes in the perirhinal cortex was observed for the familiarity versus correct rejection contrasts. These findings support the idea that the MTL is a dual memory system. They also indicate a lasting hippocampal involvement in the recollection component of recognition memory and a decrease of perirhinal cortex activation associated with familiarity for time periods up to 6 weeks after new learning. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous drip infusion of low dose cytarabine and etoposide with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Kanemura Nobuhiro , Tsurumi Hisashi , Kasahara Senji , Hara Takeshi , Yamada Toshiki , Sawada Michio , Goto Naoe , Kitagawa Jun‐ichi , Shimizu Masahito , Oyama Masami , Moriwaki Hisataka 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgrounds and objectivesThe optimal strategy for the management of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is still controversial. We previously reported the effectiveness of low dose cytarabine (Ara‐C) and etoposide (VP‐16) (AV therapy) for those elderly AML patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. We initiated the present feasibility study to improve the efficacy by using glanulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) with AV therapy (AVG therapy).Patients and methodsThe eligibility for enrolment was AML patients according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria who were over 60 years of age and who had difficulty in tolerating intensive chemotherapy due to their poor performance status (PS) or some comorbidities. They were given continuous drip infusion of Ara‐C (20 mg/body) and VP‐16 (50 mg/body) for 7–14 days, and were also simultaneously administered G‐CSF (150 μg/m2) once daily.ResultsThe median age of consecutively enrolled 25 patients was 73 years. Eighteen (72%) patients achieved complete remission (CR). The 1‐year overall survival (OS) and the 3‐year OS rates were 69% and 22%, respectively. The 1‐year disease free survival (DFS) rate in CR patients was 44%. The major regimen related toxicities of grade 3 or 4 were only febrile neutropenia in 15 patients (60%). No regimen‐related mortality was observed.ConclusionAVG therapy was therefore found to be an effective and well‐tolerated regimen for remission induction in elderly AML patients with poor PS or comorbidity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tide‐induced groundwater head fluctuation in a coastal aquifer system with a submarine outcrop covered by a thin silt layer
Authors: Ren Yakun , Tang Zhonghua , Zhao Lichun 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe present an analytical solution of groundwater head response to tidal fluctuation in a coastal multilayered aquifer system consisting of an unconfined aquifer, a leaky confined aquifer and a semi‐permeable layer between them. The submarine outcrop of the confined aquifer is covered by a thin silt layer. A mathematical model and the analytical solution of this model are given. The silt layer reduces the amplitude of the hydraulic head fluctuation by a constant factor, and shifts the phase by a positive constant (time lag), both of which depend on the leakances of the silt layer and the semi‐permeable layer. The time lag is less than 1·5 h and 3·0 h for semi‐diurnal and diurnal sea tides respectively. When the leakance of the semi‐permeable layer or the silt layer assumes certain special values, the solution becomes the existing solutions derived by previous researchers. The amplitude of the hydraulic head fluctuation in the confined aquifer increases with the leakance of the silt layer and decreases with the leakance of the semi‐permeable layer, whereas the phase shift of the fluctuation decreases with both of them. A hypothetical example shows that neglecting the silt layer may result in significant parameter estimation discrepancy between the amplitude attenuation and the time‐lag fittings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bacteria transport in an unsaturated porous media: incorporation of air–water interface area model into transport modelling
Authors: Kim Min‐Kyu , Kim Song‐Bae , Park Seong‐Jik 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe bacterial transport model into which the air–water interface (AWI) area model is incorporated is developed in this study. At the outset, the AWI area models are analysed to determine the appropriate model. In the analysis, three models are evaluated with the previously reported experimental data, and the modified form of the Niemet et al. (2002) model is selected as an appropriate AWI area model, which is then combined into the transport model. The bacterial transport model is used to fit the bacterial breakthrough data in an unsaturated porous media from the literature, and the fitting results show that the model matches well with the observed data at three different air contents by varying the specific AWI area. On the basis of the sorption‐related parameters determined from the literature, simulations are performed to examine bacterial transport in three different soils under unsaturated and transient flow conditions. The results illustrate that bacteria can travel to different depths in unsaturated soils depending on the soil type and water content. Even if the predictive model presented in this study is not comprehensive, it will help to understand bacterial transport behaviour in an unsaturated porous media. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectrophotometric properties of surface water dissolved organic matter in an afforested upland peat catchment
Authors: Baker Andy , Bolton Lucy , Newson Malcolm , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMany upland catchments in the UK have undergone afforestation; their characteristic waterlogged soils require extensive pre‐plantation ground drainage to allow tree establishment. In peatland areas this can result in very highly coloured runoff and enhanced dissolved organic matter (DOM) export in rivers of naturally high concentrations. In 1966, the Coalburn Experimental Catchment, northern England, was established to investigate the impact of afforestation on an upland peat catchment. Here we report the variations in DOM spectrophotometric properties of streamflow in the catchment at canopy closure, especially with respect to potential carbon sources within the artificial drainage ditches. Drainage ditches are characterized by water that has higher absorption coefficients and which is more highly coloured than in the catchment tributaries. Ditched, afforested areas produce more highly‐coloured runoff waters that are more fluorescent and absorbent normalized to carbon concentration compared to ditches in open moorland. Ditches that had been experimentally re‐excavated have organic matter of different spectrophotometric character, with higher dissolved organic carbon concentration and less aromatic or lower molecular weight material. It is hypothesized that this is due to the exposure of bare peat faces within and adjacent to the ditches that are more susceptible to drying compared to vegetated areas. The large extent of this drainage network acts as both a rapid transport network increasing hydrological connectivity and a pool for the storage of DOM, which is of different spectrophotometric character under low flow conditions, depending on management conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of plant growth to surface water balance during a summer dry period in the Kazakhstan steppe
Authors: Iijima Yoshihiro , Kawaragi Tsuneo , Ito Takehiko , Akshalov Kanat , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Shinoda Masato 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn drylands, water deficit is the primary factor limiting plant growth. In the present study, surface energy balance and plant growth (above‐ground and below‐ground biomass) were measured continuously during the 2002 growing season in semiarid grassland in the northern part of Kazakhstan, Central Asia. Although there was above normal total rainfall during the 2002 growing season (May–November; 244 mm over 183 days), there was a dry period during July and August. Evaporative water was effectively supplied by precipitation and surface soil moisture during the wet season (May and June), during which time above‐ground biomass increased. During the early stages of the dry period, mature plants were likely to tap deeper sources of soil moisture, representing stored snowmelt water. As the soil moisture content decreased during the summer dry period due to the high levels of evapotranspiration and lack of precipitation, the evaporative fraction and above‐ground biomass rapidly decreased, whereas the below‐ground biomass increased. These results suggest that in summer, soil moisture acts to store water, and that soil moisture is essential for plant growth as a direct source of water during the dry period in natural grasslands in the Kazakhstan steppe. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.