bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPHTHALMIC DISEASE IN WESTERN SAMOA
Authors: EGBERT PETER R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSince the last report on eye disease in Western Samoa in 1959 by Dr Elliott, the population has increased from 97 000 to 158 000 The country now has a full‐time ophthalmologist but could benefit from a larger eye care service.The distribution of disease is very similar to that found in 7959, with pterygium, cataract and injuries comprising the most frequent eye problems Acute angle‐closure glaucoma is much more common than open‐angle glaucoma and is associated with a plateau ins configuration.
UVEITIS: AETIOLOGY AND DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS IN AN AUSTRALIAN POPULATION
Authors: WAKEFIELD DENIS , DUNLOP IAN , McCLUSKEY PETER J. , PENNY RONALD 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOver a five‐year period 245 Patients with uveitis were investigated at the Uveitis Clinic, Sydney Eye Hospital, for possible aetiological and relevant disease associations. Uveitis was anterior in 75% of patients, posterior in 21% and generalized in 4%. Anterior uveitis (AU) was idiopathic in 52% of cases. In patients tested for the HLA‐B27 antigen, 47% were HLA‐B27 positive, including all cases of ankylosing spondylitis (8% of cases) and Reiter's syndrome (3% of cases). There was a marked male predominance in patients with AU, especially in HLA‐B27 positive individuals. Posterior uveitis (PU) was most frequently unilateral, chronic and idiopathic (24% of cases), whilst recognizable aetiologies included toxoplasmosis (20%), Behçet's syndrome (14%), sarcoidosis (12%) and pars planitis (12%). The peak age of onset in patients presenting with AU was 30 to 40 years, whilst patients with PU presented a decade earlier. There were no major differences between males and females in the age of onset of their uveitis.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOXOCARA ELISA ABSORBANCE VALUES AND TOXOCARA ELISA TITRES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: CLEMETT R. S. , HIDAJAT R. R. , ALLARDYCE R. A. , BSc A. C. S. STEWART 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEnzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELlSAs) may be made by a variety of techniques at one or several serum dilutions which is very confusing for clinicians This study compares the ELlSA results from two centres on sera from 12 patients investigated for ocular toxocarrasis by two common ELSA methods —the absorbance and titration techniques With one exception, ELSA results by the two methods correlated well For reasons outlined, the absorbance ELlSA method is likely to remain the preferred method in New Zealand and Australia Attention is drawn to the implications of the serum response to Toxocara canis larvae. and the need to evaluate ELlSA results against clinical findings is emphasized.
COMBINED HAMARTOMA OF THE RETINA AND RPE: AN UNUSUAL CAUSE OF THE DRAGGED DISC APPEARANCE
Authors: HARPER C. ALEX , GOLE GLEN A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCombined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a rare, benign, congenital fundal lesion which contains a mixture of glial tissue, blood vessels and pigment epithelium. Such turnours are variably pigmented and may be wrongly diagnosed as malignant melanoma or retinoblastoma. We report two cases which were located in the periphery of the fundus and which produced a dragged disc appearance.
THE ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME: OCULAR FINDINGS AND INFECTION CONTROL GUIDELINES
Authors: WOODS SHANE L. , WAKEFIELD DENIS , MCCLUSKEY PETER 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterised by a loss of normal cellular immunity in affected individuals which predisposes them to severe opportunistic infections and neoplasms These pathological processes may affect the eye, and ocular involvement with an opportunistic infection or malignancy may be the first clue to the presence of AlDSThis article reviews the ocular manifestations of ADS and concludes with infection control guidelines for ophthalmologists treating patients with AlDS and related conditions
PILOCARPINE‐INDUCED MOVEMENT OF THE TRABECULAR MESH
Authors: MOSES ROBERT A. , GOLDBERG IVAN 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFrom geometrical considerations of the trabecular meshwork, ciliary muscle contraction has been predicted to produce an inward movement of the mesh. Goniophotographs taken under carefully controlled conditions before and after topical administration of pilocarpine showed a change in angle between cornea and mesh that is consistent with the predicted change.
LASER IRIDOTOMY
Authors: RICHARDSON P. , COOPER R. L. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract The outcome of 64 consecutive argon laser iridotomies was examined retrospectively The patients were followed for a mean of 18 months Argon laser iridotomy was shown to be effective in treating chronic angle‐closure glaucoma, those patients without field loss faring better than those with field loss 34% of the latter group eventually required a trabeculectomy It is suggested that patients be carefully followed‐up after iridotomy, particularly those with loss of visual field.
EYE PROTECTORS FOR SQUASH PLAYERS
Authors: CLEMETT R. S. , GLOGAU T. H. , JACKSON B. R. , McKENZlE K. D. , STEVENSON D. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEye injuries have occurred to squash players wearing commercial open‐type eyeguards, suggesting inadequacies in their design This study reports experimental observations on the deformation of high velocity squash balls at an aperture simulating an open‐type of eyeguard Open eyeguards were shown to be inadequate in preventing eye trauma by ballstrike Recommendations for improvement of eyeguard design have been made
ASSESSMENT OF THE QUEENSLAND SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICE VISION SCREENING PROGRAMME
Authors: MACFARLANE D. J. , FITZGERALD W. J. , STARK D. J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Despite the widespread acceptance of vision screening programmes as a means of detecting ocular disorders in children, there has been little formal assessment of their validity and reliability One such screening programme is conducted in Queensland State Primary Schools by the Division of School Health Services of the State Department of Health A group of 877 children was screened by the Service and subsequently subjected to a formal independent ophthalmological examination A comparison of the results of these procedures revealed that the visual screen as performed by the Service was highly accurate in the determination of distant visual acuity Detection of manifest strabismus was less satisfactory, with between 30 and 74% of sufferers being detected There is no evidence to suggest that a more complex protocol will improve the detection of ocular disorders Rather. a more effective implementation of the current screening procedure is required
COMBINED EXTRACAPSULAR CATARACT EXTRACTION AND POSTERIOR CHAMBER INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANTATION AND TRABECULECTOMY
Authors: BOREHAM COLLEEN 
Published: November 2007

Abstract In a retrospective study in a consecutive series of operations performed by the author, 13 eyes in 10 patients underwent combined extracapsular cataract extraction, posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and trabeculectomy All had significant cataract and chronic open‐angle glaucoma with field loss, uncontrolled or marginally controlled on maximum tolerable medical treatment All had a postoperative reduction in intraocular pressure Significant complications included malignant glaucoma (in two eyes) and a late choroidal detachment (in one eye) The indications for and the advantages of the combined procedure are discussed, emphasising the advantages of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber lens implantation, in patients with chronic open‐angle glaucoma (COAG)
CILIARY‐BLOCK GLAUCOMA TREATED BY POSTERIOR CAPSULOTOMY
Authors: LOCKIE PATRICK 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Ciliary‐block glaucoma occurred in one eye of a 65‐year‐old‐male, following a combined trabeculectomy and extracapsular lens extraction for long‐standing angle‐closure glaucoma. After pupillary block was excluded as a cause, a posterior capsulotomy resolved the condition. This procedure was repeated successfully when a flat anterior chamber recurred on spontaneous closure of the initial capsulotomy. The ciliary block appeared to be caused by the residual zonule and lens capsule.
UVEITIS: A STRATEGY FOR DIAGNOSIS
Authors: McCLELLAN K. A. , COSTER D. J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Uveitis may be the first presentation of a wide variety of underlying ocular and systemic diseases. It is important for the ophthalmologist to make a specific diagnosis in order to instigate specific therapy and give an accurate prognosis. The ability to recognise the clinical patterns of uveitis and to initiate appropriate investigations should form the basis of the ophthalmologist's management of the condition. To this end, we have considered uveitis under four major patterns of presentation—anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis—with subclasses within each of these four groups. We have outlined both the investigations which facilitate diagnosis of the possible underlying causes of inflammation and the interpretation of the results of such investigations.
TOPICAL FIBRONECTIN THERAPY IN PERSISTENT CORNEAL ULCERATION
Authors: Mccluskey PETER , Wakefield DENIS , York LUCY 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Fifteen patients with 20 episodes of persistent corneal ulceration, resistant to conventional therapy, were treated with topical autologous fibronectin Thirteen corneal ulcers (eight patients) developed following penetrating keratoplasty, three patients had mucous membrane pemphigold, two patients had herpetic keratltis and one each had Sjögren's syndrome and a trophic corneal ulcer A standard protocol for fibronectin administration was followed This therapy healed 16 of the 20 ulcers after a mean duration of treatment of 23 months Corneal ulceration associated with mucous membrane pemphigoid failed to respond to fibronectin Corneal ulcers which recurred after cessation of fibronectm responded to reintroduction of this therapy Topical fibronectin is an effective therapy for refractory corneal ulceration and is free of major side effects
MANAGEMENT OF HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS: PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH EPITHELIAL DISEASE
Authors: M. O'day DENIS 
Published: November 2007

Abstract The management of active viral replication in the corneal epithelium is not always straightforward despite the availability of effective topical antiviral agents The list of lesions that may mimic epithelial infection with herpes simplex virus is long and now includes Acanthamoeba infection Problems with antiviral agent toxicity and corticosteroid administration may also at times obscure the diagnosis while at the same time making management difficult
SURVIVAL OF CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM IN McCAREY‐KAUFMAN (M‐K) MEDIUM SUBJECTED TO AGITATION
Authors: F. Robertson IAN , Carroll NANETTE , M. V. Brooks ANNE 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Studies were made comparing the corneal endothelium of bisected human corneas; one half of each was mechanically agitated In McCarey‐Kaufman (M‐K) medium, while the other half remained static in M‐K medium for an equal period of time. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the corneal endothelium suggested that the endothelium of the corneas undergoing agitation does not show deterioration in morphology when compared with the non‐agitated group. This finding is significant as donor corneas are now being transported in greater numbers.
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE CONJUNCTIVA: CASE PRESENTATION AND TREATMENT
Authors: Coop HAROLD V. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract A case of the rare condition of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is presented The plan for surgical excision of the area involved, determined by resultsof frozen section biopsies, is outlined The methods of treatment of other authors are briefly reviewed, including the method (from Fraunfelder) of combined excision and cryotherapy.
OFFICE‐BASED INTRAOCULAR SURGERY IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: R. Elder JOHN 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOffice‐based intraocular surgery has been carried out for three years and over 1400 procedures have been performed There have been no systemic complications or infectionsThe establishment of an office‐based facility is a complex venture Apart from medicolegal, ethical and financial considerations there are regulations relating to structural requirements, steritisation of instruments, air‐conditioning, electrical hazards and other technical mattersOffice‐based surgery is convenient for both the patient and the surgeon The patient remains calm and relaxed from the time of initial counselling to the end of postoperative convalescenceWe have borrowed systems used in the United States for management of ambulatory surgical patients, in particular the counselling techniques This. in our opinion, has been a significant factor for calm relaxed surgeryPatient acceptance and preference for ambulatory surgery will ensure that it is here to stay A case can be made out for an economic and ethical obligation for this form of surgery to be implemented on a more widespread basis It is not, however, the universal solution to ocular surgery There are still specific indications and contraindications, in terms of both the doctor and the patient At a time when government involvement is being felt more and more in the practice of medicine, any proven alternative method of health care delivery, provided entirely by the private sector, must be worthy of serious consideration.
COMPUTER‐AIDED AREA MEASUREMENT OF OCULAR IMAGES
Authors: Gosbell ANDREW D. , R. Barry WILLIAM , Favilla IAN , J. Turner IAN 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Using a combination of computer‐aided measurement techniques and fundus camera images, the area of regions of interest on the fundus can be measured If these area measurements are corrected for the magnification effects of the patient's visual system, and the fundus camera optics, an estimate of the true anatomical size of the measured object can be determined in physical units While the results of measuring models indicate a maximum error of 6%for the system, the results of clinical trials demonstrate an average error of 10% for well‐defined areas of interest, with increasing error of up to 30% for poorly defined areas of interest.
COMPUTER‐AIDED VOLUME MEASUREMENT OF CHOROIDAL MELANOMAS
Authors: Gosbell ANDREW D. , R. Barry WILLIAM , Favilla IAN 
Published: November 2007

AbstractUsing a combination of conventional 8‐scan ultrasonography, standard video techniques, computer image digitisation and area analysis, it is possible to measure the volume of choroidal melanomas by area calculation of successive ultrasound image slices, allowing the monitoring of such tumoursThe design of a combined water‐bath and linear tracking 8‐scan transducer is presented, together with a description of the instrumentation and computer software required The results of volume measurements performed upon eye models demonstrated that melanomas of volume greater than 100 mm3 could be measured with an average error of 6%.The problems associated with linear calibration of the system from scan‐head to analysed image, resolution of the digitised image, reproducibility of the measurements, sources of error and assumptions made in formulating the measurement procedure are discussed.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Banks C. Neville , Horowitz G. , Wechsler A. W. , Goldberg Ivan , Playfair T. Justin , Cher Ivan , Evans Kit , Mcgree Mark D. 
Published: November 2007

Book reviewed in this article:EYE DISEASES IN HOT CLIMATES John Sandford‐Smith. Bristol: John Wright & Sons, 1986. ISBN 0 7236 0749 4. Also available in paperback.PERIPHERAL IRIDECTOMY. SURGICAL: ARGON: YAG Arthur Lim Siew Ming. Singapore: PG Publishing, 1987, pp. 86, 100 colour illustrations, £54.00. ISBN 9971 973 86 3.RADIAL KERATOTOMY: SURGICAL TECHNIQUE R. F. Hofmann, R. L. Lindstrom, A. C. Neumann, J. J. Salz, G. W. Tate, S. P. Thornton. Thorofare, New Jersey: Slack, 1986, pp. 137, £67.75.TEXTBOOK OF GLAUCOMA M. Bruce Shields. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1987, pp. 549,£240.00. ISBN 0 683 07694 9.GLAUCOMA Edited by J. A. McAllister FRCS and Richard P. Wilson MD. London: Butterworths, 1986, pp. 278, £190.00. ISBN 0 407 02343 7.NEURO‐OPHTHALMOLOGY REVIEW MANUAL Frank J. Bajandas, Lanning B. Kline. Second Edition Thorofare, New Jersey: Slack 1987, pp. 176, £A44.95. ISBN 0 943432 96 0.OPHTHALMIC NURSING Rosalind Stollery. Southampton: Blackwell Scientific, 1987, pp, 261, £A38.95. ISBN 0 632 01S15 2.ADLER'S PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE: CLINICAL APPLICATION Edited by Robert A. Moses and William Hart, Jr. Eighth edition. St Louis, CV. Mosby, 1987, pp, 709.
THE IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENT VASCULAR CELLS ON THE CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM BY SPECULAR MICROSCOPY II. WHITE BLOOD CELLS ON THE CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM IN KERATITIS
Authors: BROOKS ANNE M. V. , GRANT GLENYS , W. E. GILLIES FRACO, AIAP, FRACS, FRCS(Ed)  
Published: November 2007

AbstractExamination of the corneal mosaic by the direct mode of specular microscopy and of its posterior surface by the relief mode in three cases of localized keratitis with adjacent clear cornea has enabled us to identify small round white cells. Comparison with the morphology of red blood cells seen in hyphaema indicates that these small round cells are probably lymphocytes since they are fairly uniform in size, spherical but not flattened spheroids and about the same size as or a little larger than red blood cells. These cells are present on the posterior surface of the corneal endothelium but could not be seen infiltrating beneath or between the endothelial cells. They were quite distinct from larger, numerous rounded blebs two to four endothelial cells in diameter tying beneath the endothelium which have previously been described.
ASSESSMENT OF THE DUTCH ORGAN‐CULTURE SYSTEM OF CORNEAL PRESERVATION WITHIN THE EYE BANK OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Authors: WILLIAMS K. A. , NOACK L. M. , ALIFRICH S. J. , DANZ R. , ERICKSON S. A. , COSTER D. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThirteen per cent of all corneas harvested by the Eye Bank of South Australia during 1986 were discarded because storage time in McCarey‐Kaufman medium exceeded four days. We have therefore examined the suitability of the Dutch method of long‐term corneal storage for our purposes. Twenty‐two human corneas that had been discarded from the Eye Bank were assessed using the trypan blue‐sucrose staining technique, and then placed into long‐term storage for 15 to 17 days. They were then reassessed by vital dye staining before permanent flat‐mounts were prepared for silver staining of the endothelium. A good correlation (albeit subjective) was found between the non‐destructive and destructive techniques of endothelial cell assessment. Those corneas that failed to survive organ culture storage were easily detected. The Dutch system of corneal preservation and post‐storage assessment seems well‐suited to Australian eye‐banking.
THE WAIT OF THE WORLD
Authors: GRAHAM P. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn our modem world, avoidable blindness is as unacceptable as starvation. Frameworks exist for both preventative and curative ophthalmology, but these are under‐staffed. In developing countries, the emphasis must shift to the people themselves to take responsibility for their own eye health, an aim which may be achieved by simple teaching at grassroots level.
METHYLCELLULOSE FOR ENDOTHELIAL CELL PROTECTION
Authors: STEELE ARTHUR D. McG. , ANDREWS V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA randomised trial of three types of endothelial cell protection for patients undergoing posterior chamber intraocular lens implant is described. The results confirm the superiority of a viscoelastic fluid over air as a form of endothelial cell protection. No statistically significant difference was found between sodium hyaluronate and hydroxypropylmethykellulose (HPMC). As the cost of sodium haluronate is prohibitive, a manufacturing technique for HPMC is given.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Authors: BENGER ROSS 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe physiology of normal tear drainage has been better defined in recent years. Some of the refined techniques developed in the fields of anaesthesia and surgery have been applied to the lacrimal drainage system. The combination of these advances has resumed in more rational and successful treatment of lacrimal drainage abnormalities. A review of these advances is presented with a discussion on the treatment of lacrimal drainage abnormalities.
CONGENITAL APONEUROTIC PTOSIS
Authors: MARTIN PETER A. , ROGERS PETER A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCongenital aponeurotic ptosis is the result of a failure of the distal end of the aponeurosis to attach in the usual position. There is a ptosis of varying degree disproportionate to the amount of levator function. Unlike dystrophic congenital ptosis, the amount of levator function is good, usually exceeding 9 to 10 mm. Corrective surgery was performed in 12 cases of congenital aponeurotic ptosis, including identical twins with unilateral symmetrical ptosis, supporting the concept of a developmental mesodermal anomaly.
PEDICLE FLAPS FOR CICATRICIAL ECTROPION
Authors: KEILLOR R. B. , PEART D. A. , MOLTENO A. C. B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA surgical procedure is described for the correction of cicatricial ectropion secondary to actinic skin damage. This involves the rotation of an upper lid skin and muscle flap to the lower lid, thereby reversing the cicatrising process. The procedure, its advantages and disadvantages, are outlined. The procedure was successful in 44 of the 48 lids reviewed.
THE PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM
Authors: BROOKS ANNE M. V. , GRANT GLENYS , GILLIES W. E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe ability of the cornea to maintain its transparency after surgery depends primarily upon the integrity of the corneal endothelium and in corneal grafting this is important for both donor and recipient eyes. The corneal endothelium may be significantly affected in various conditions of the anterior segment, especially if these exist over a considerable period of time. These conditions include superficial keratopathy, long‐term contact lens wear, cornea guttata and low‐grade anterior uveitis, especially chronic cyclitis which may be almost imperceptible clinically. The suitability of such corneas for use as donor material as well as the response of the eyes to anterior segment surgery can be assessed by specular microscopy and this may become even more important in the future as long‐term contact lens wearers become more numerous in the community.
SCLERAL REINFORCEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA
Authors: CORONEO M. T. , BEAUMONT J. T. L. , HOLLOWS F. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPathologic myopia is a relatively common blinding condition for which current treatment is limited and controversial. Macular changes and vision loss proceed from the development of a posterior staphyloma. A scleral reinforcement technique has been used in seven eyes of six patients. The procedure is technically uncomplicated and safe.
LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ENDOPHTHALMITIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: BRIAN G. R. , TREPLIN M. C. W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractListeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis is characterised by a progressively darkening indolent hypopyon. Gentamicin and amoxycillin, as used in this, the first reported Australian case, is the currently recommended treatment.
CARRIER DETECTION IN X‐PIGMENTARY RETINAL DYSTROPHY (X‐LINKED RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA) BY DNA RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM STUDIES
Authors: CHEN J. D. , HALLIDAY F. B. , DENTON M. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAs part of a patient care and DNA research programme commenced in 1985, a number of DNA markers on the short arm of the X chromosome have been used to demonstrate restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) segregating with the X‐pigmentary retinal dystrophy (X‐linked retinitis pigmentosa) gene. The analysis of the segregation of the RFLPs in 3 kindreds enables carrier detection, to a high degree of probability, in females at risk who are not manifesting symptoms and signs.