bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women in management: reflections and projections
Authors: Schein Virginia E. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeA major barrier to women's progress in management worldwide continues to be the gender stereotyping of the managerial position. The purpose of the paper is to examine how this “think manager – think male” attitude has changed over the three decades since the author's initial research and to consider the implications of the outcomes for women's advancement in management today.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the author's research, first conducted in the 1970s and replicated in the USA and internationally, on gender stereotyping and requisite management characteristics.FindingsThe overview reveals the strength and inflexibility of the “think manager – think male” attitude held by males across time and national borders. Over the last three decades corporate males in the USA continue to see women as less qualified than men for managerial positions. Internationally, the view of women as less likely than men to possess requisite management characteristics is also a commonly held belief among male management students in the USA, the UK, Germany, China and Japan.Practical implicationsWomen's continued progress depends on recognizing the intractable nature of these negative attitudes and continually seeking ways to ensure that these attitudes do not derail their success. The need to maintain and expand legal efforts is discussed. An argument is also made for challenging the “corporate convenient” way of working and restructuring managerial work to facilitate a work and family interface.Originality/valueBased upon three decades of research, the paper highlights the importance of maintaining and increasing efforts to ensure that women advance to positions of power and influence in organizations worldwide.
A systematic review of social marketing effectiveness
Authors: Stead Martine , Gordon Ross , Angus Kathryn , McDermott Laura 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the effectiveness of social marketing interventions in influencing individual behaviour and bringing about environmental and policy‐level changes in relation to alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs and physical activity. Social marketing is the use of marketing concepts in programmes designed to influence the voluntary behaviour of target audiences in order to improve health and society.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a review of systematic reviews and primary studies using pre‐specified search and inclusion criteria. Social marketing interventions were defined as those which adopted specified social marketing principles in their development and implementation.FindingsThe paper finds that a total of 54 interventions met the inclusion criteria. There was evidence that interventions adopting social marketing principles could be effective across a range of behaviours, with a range of target groups, in different settings, and can influence policy and professional practice as well as individuals.Research limitations/implicationsAs this was a systematic paper, the quality of included studies was reasonable and many were RCTs. However, many of the multi‐component studies reported overall results only and research designs did not allow for the efficacy of different components to be compared. When reviewing social marketing effectiveness it is important not to rely solely on the “label” as social marketing is often misrepresented; there is a need for social marketers to clearly define their approach.Practical implicationsThe paper shows that social marketing can form an effective framework for behaviour change interventions and can provide a useful “toolkit” for organisations that are trying to change health behaviours.Originality/valueThe research described in this paper represents one of the few systematic examinations of social marketing effectiveness and is based on a clear definition of “social marketing”. It highlights both social marketing's potential to achieve change in different behavioural contexts and its ability to work at individual, environmental and wider policy levels.
Managing quality improvement of eLearning in a large, campus‐based university
Authors: Ellis Robert A. , Jarkey Nerida , Mahony Mary Jane , Peat Mary , Sheely Stephen 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to discuss the characteristics that shape a model to manage eLearning in a large, predominantly campus‐based university. It focuses on how such a model can provide a sustainable approach to supporting eLearning for more than 40,000 students while still managing basic quality assurance for the University executive and the individual disciplinary needs of faculties.Design/methodology/approachPrior research and theoretical issues related to a generalised course development and teaching process are discussed followed by an analysis of a case‐study from a large metropolitan Australian university. The case‐study illustrates key aspects of the management model providing insights into how staff are empowered and supported to develop meaningful eLearning resources for students, how quality improvement is managed, and how organizational learning takes place.FindingsFollowing the analysis of how key aspects of the model relate to the university discussed in the case study, several challenges for quality improvement at the level of both course and university are identified. The case‐study reveals the complexity of quality improvement strategies, which (mainly due to the fact that eLearning complements the face‐to‐face learning experience) require a relational and embedded approach. Key principles for managing eLearning development and evaluation for campus‐based universities are abstracted from the case‐study and offered as a guide to universities who face similar challengesResearch limitations/implicationsAlthough not all aspects of the case‐study can be applied to other contexts, the key principles of the proposed management model are likely to apply to other campus‐based universities which share the same focus on integrating eLearning in sustainable ways but also wish to foreground quality assurance issues.Originality/valueThe paper integrates the discussion of theoretical approaches and models for eLearning management in higher education with the description of a case‐study from a large, diverse, campus‐based university, while highlighting the complexity and practical challenges of implementing such a model.
Linking experience and learning: application to multi‐project building environments
Authors: Anh Thi Lê Mai , Brønn Carl 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe ability to learn is an important organisational resource. The purpose of this paper is to identify issues involved in achieving transfer learning across large construction projects in the building sector. The focus is on linking experiences gained in the operation and maintenance phase of one project to the earlier construction phases in subsequent projects.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presented is conceptual in nature.FindingsEvidence from the construction industry clearly indicates that significant economic benefits can be realized by improving the experience transfer learning process across projects. Despite the industry's significant investments in computer‐based management systems, experience and research shows there are other factors that have a significant impact on this learning process. A framework for diagnosing an organisation's learning characteristics is identified. This framework includes both the structural dimension of the formal organisation and the cultural dimension of the social relationships within the organisation.Originality/valueImproved feedback from the operative and maintenance phase has the potential to reduce total life cycle costs for future construction projects. Using Kim's OADI‐SMM model of organisational learning, this paper applies a diagnostic instrument that focuses on the organisation's structural and cultural characteristics to identify breakdowns in experience transfer and learning. Awareness of the factors that inhibit experience transfer and learning can contribute to improving industry performance.
Simplicity and complexity in anthropology
Authors: Ingham John M. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to o review understandings of complexity in anthropology.Design/methodology/approachA number of works in the field of anthropology are discussed.FindingsAnthropologists generally agree that human behavior is complex, although they differ about the meaning of complexity. For many in this era of postmodernism, it involves emphasizing cultural differences and social contexts. Earlier interests in underlying cultural meanings and structures, meanwhile, have become somewhat passé. Nonetheless, some social anthropologists, encouraged by chaos science, continue to explore hidden meanings and structures. While there is much to like in their attention to ethnographic detail, one concern is their metaphorical use of the science of chaos. Another is failure to deal with intention and agency.Originality/valueLévi‐Strauss doubts that psychoanalysis has anything substantial to contribute to anthropology. This conclusion helped to set the stage for postmodernist anthropology, and its consequences are evident in the works under review here.
Corporate‐slogans of corporations operating in Greater China
Authors: Lee Miranda Y.P. , So Daniel W.C. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to identify between polity similarities and differences of “brand‐personality traits” projected by corporate‐slogans of corporations operating in Greater China (CGCs) to see if Greater China is a cultural unit, and to examine CGC bilingual corporate‐slogans to see if patterns are in evidence and if certain ways of crafting the slogans are more effective.Design/methodology/approachCorporate‐slogans are collected from web sites of major CGCs. The sample is analysed using Aaker's Brand Personality Scale and relevant rhetorical concepts.FindingsThe sample shares more commonalities than differences, suggesting Great China is a cultural unit; and the majority of the slogans are crafted by direct translation and parallel drafting, and the latter is deemed more effective.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a heuristic and hypothesis‐generating study and is entirely based on linguistic data. Studies with an empirical design are required to see if the findings have psychological validity.Practical implicationsIf Greater China is a cultural unit, it should have bearing on corporate‐communication professionals in CGCs in terms of the adoption of corporate‐slogans, corporate names and artefacts related to corporate identity and image.Originality/valueHitherto studies of corporate‐slogans are mostly based on corporations operating in the West. This is the first study of CGC corporate‐slogans that cover four polities that succeeds in identifying patterns in methods of bilingual corporate‐slogan crafting and in “brand‐personality traits” projected by these slogans. The latter indicates that CGCs are operating not simply in a region, but in a cultural region.
Modifying electric artworks to improve dimensional stability of microelectronic substrates
Authors: Hutapea Parsaoran , Grenestedt Joachim L. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to deal with a tuning method to reduce warpage of microelectronic substrates.Design/methodology/approachThere are three major processes involved in this method: calculating effective thermomechanical properties of substrates with simple regular electric artworks using 3D finite element (FE) analyses; fitting simplified expressions to the results from the FE analyses; and developing 2D FE models of substrates with arbitrarily complicated artwork using the simplified expressions. These three processes were used to estimate the warpage. An optimization procedure through iterative searches was used to obtain optimized trace widths and/or spacing in order to reduce the warpage.FindingsUsing a printed circuit board design to prove our concept, it was found that the warpage could be significantly reduced by modifying trace widths and/or spacing of the printed circuit board.Originality/valueThe paper focuses on a tuning method to reduce warpage of microelectronic substrates.
Modeling and simulation of NTC thick film thermistor geometries
Authors: Aleksić O.S. , Radojčić B.M. , Ramović R.M. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to focus on thick film planar thermistors.Design/methodology/approachThick film planar thermistors such as rectangular, sandwich, multilayer, segmented and interdigitated were printed of law temperature NTC paste called NTC 3K3 95/2 (Ei Iritel). Their resistivity was measured at room temperature as a function of volume resistivity variations due to electrode effect (diffusion of PdAg into NTC layer) and variation of geometrical parameters such as lengthl, widthw, thicknessd, number of segmentsn. The experimental data obtained were used in forming a model by the simple fitting procedure for counting diffusion effect on volume resistivity and resistivity dependence on geometrical parameters.FindingsThermal behavior of NTC thick films was measured in the range of −30‐120°C. Exponential factorBwas fitted for measured values and included in the proposed thick film thermistors model. The agreement of measured and calculated data enables simulation of new thermistor geometries.Originality/valueThe paper focuses on the experiment which was the first step in forming a total physical/mathematical model proposed for thick film thermistor resistivity.
Do risk factors matter in the IPO valuation?
Authors: Abdou Khaled , Dicle Mehmet F. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether all of the risk factors were priced during the internet bubble period.Design/methodology/approachA unique hand collected dataset was used from public prospectuses for companies that issued an initial public offering during the internet bubble period. Three hypotheses were proposed: the risk factors mentioned in the prospectus are important for IPO trading and therefore affect IPO underpricing; risk factors affect the IPO deal attributes; and the number of risk factors cited by the issuing firm is affected by direct participants such as venture capitalists and investment bankers.FindingsIt was found that hi‐tech dummy played a significant role during the bubble period. Moreover, not all risk factors are regarded important, some of them are not significant at all as predicted by first hypothesis. The most striking observation is the negative economic significance of the risk factor no prior market for the traded stock. This reveals that, traders are selective in valuing risks and may value some factors as opportunities and not as risk factors. In addition, the results reveal that risk factors do affect the deal attributes as predicted by our second hypothesis. Also, the pricing of these risk factors are not different between retail and hi‐tech companies. Regarding the participants, it was found that venture capitalists and investment bankers have a significant statistical and economic effect on the number of risk factors reported in the prospectus.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature by investigating the IPO underpricing phenomenon in the internet bubble period.
Linking products with supply chains: testing Fisher's model
Authors: Selldin Erik , Olhager Jan 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe paper seeks to test the relationships among product design and supply chain design, with specific reference to the product‐supply chain model by Fisher.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive empirical survey with data from 128 companies; the approach is basically theory testing, in that it investigates an existing framework, and discusses extensions.FindingsSignificant relationships are found between product types and supply chain types, as well as concerning the impact of alignment on performance.Research limitations/implicationsInstead of treating the supply chain characteristics associated with different supply chain types as either/or choices, some companies select properties from both supply chain types in order to gain additional benefits. This creates a supply chain frontier of physical efficiency and market responsiveness; a concept that deserves further attention by researchers. A limitation is that it would be interesting to perform a longitudinal study.Practical implicationsDifferent product types call for different types of supply chains. Alignment between the type of product and the type of supply chain is important, and significant for delivery speed, delivery dependability, and cost performance.Originality/valueThis research empirically tests a model that has received considerable attention in the research literature as well as acting as guidelines in practice, but that has not been tested explicitly before.
Exploring career‐life success and family social support of successful women in Canada, Argentina and Mexico
Authors: Lirio Pamela , Lituchy Terri R. , Ines Monserrat Silvia , Olivas‐Lujan Miguel R. , Duffy Jo Ann , Fox Suzy , Gregory Ann , Punnett B.J. , Santos Neusa 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine career‐life issues of successful women in the Americas.Design/methodology/approachA total of 30 interviews were conducted with successful women in Canada, Argentina and Mexico. Themes were pulled from the interview transcripts for each country, analyzed and then compared across countries, looking at universalities and differences of experiences.FindingsThe women in all three countries conveyed more subjective measures of career success, such as contributing to society and learning in their work, with Canada and Mexico particularly emphasizing receiving recognition as a hallmark of career success.Practical implicationsThis research provides insight into the experiences of successful women in the Americas, which can inform the career development of women in business.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the literature on women's careers, highlighting successful women's experiences across cultures and in an under‐researched area: Latin America.
Guanxi as impetus? Career exploration in China and the United States
Authors: Jiwen Song Lynda , Werbel James D. 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe present paper seeks to analyze the role of social networks in the process of career exploration, including its main effect on search intensity, and moderation effect on the linkage between search intensity and job search confidence.Design/methodology/approachIt is a longitudinal design with 239 USA and 165 Chinese graduating students.FindingsSocial networks in job search have greater effects on job search intensity in the USA sample. Moderation effects could be detected in the Chinese sample, and guanxi search (a Chinese reference to social networks) minimizes job search confidence and job satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsSocial networks, particularly guanxi search in China, could reflect interdependency in job search process, and might constrain job choice.Originality/valueThe paper examined the cultural differences of guanxi search construct, and compared the role of social networks (guanxi search) in cross‐cultural settings.
A strategy‐based ontology of knowledge management technologies
Authors: Saito Andre , Umemoto Katsuhiro , Ikeda Mitsuru 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to distinguish and describe knowledge management (KM) technologies according to their support for strategy.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed an ontology development method to describe the relations between technology, KM and strategy, and to categorize available KM technologies according to those relations. Ontologies are formal specifications of concepts in a domain and their inter‐relationships, and can be used to facilitate common understanding and knowledge sharing. The study focused particularly on two sub‐domains of the KM field: KM strategies and KM technologies.Findings”KM strategy” has three meanings in the literature: approach to KM, knowledge strategy, and KM implementation strategy. Also, KM technologies support strategy via KM initiatives based on particular knowledge strategies and approaches to KM. The study distinguishes three types of KM technologies: component technologies, KM applications, and business applications. They all can be described in terms of ”creation” and ”transfer” knowledge strategies, and ”personalization” and ”codification” approaches to KM.Research limitations/implicationsThe resulting framework suggests that KM technologies can be analyzed better in the context of KM initiatives, instead of the usual approach associating them with knowledge processes. KM initiatives provide the background and contextual elements necessary to explain technology adoption and use.Practical implicationsThe framework indicates three alternative modes for organizational adoption of KM technologies: custom development of KM systems from available component technologies; purchase of KM‐specific applications; or purchase of business‐driven applications that embed KM functionality. It also lists adequate technologies and provides criteria for selection in any of the cases.Originality/valueAmong the many studies analyzing the role of technology in KM, an association with strategy has been missing. This paper contributes to filling this gap, integrating diverse contributions via a clearer definition of concepts and a visual representation of their relationships. This use of ontologies as a method, instead of an artifact, is also uncommon in the literature.
Are we prepared for the Mental Capacity Act?
Authors: Cowan Jane 
Published: February 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to The Mental Capacity Act, 2005 will come into force in England and Wales in April 2007.Design/methodology/approachProvides an overview of the changes that will occur when the Act comes into force.FindingsPreparations are already underway, but as yet there has been no centralised support in the form of standardises templates and documentation to ensure consistency across the NHS. Delay in finalising a Code of Conduct to accompany the Act is also hampering efforts to complete preparations for compliance with the Act. Healthcare organisations have a great number of preparations to make and it is likely that many of them will not have been able to complete them before the Act comes into force.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is in drawing attention to the fact that a crucial aspect of the work ahead is to ensure that staff receive adequate and appropriate training. All healthcare professionals – and doctors in particular – should be familiar with, and understand, the key principles of the Act.