bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interaction of DDT in the metabolism of essential fatty acids
Authors: Tinsley I. J. , Lowry R. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe growth of female rats was depressed further by the incorporation of DDT into a ration deficient in essential fatty acids (EFA). With female rats fed a ration supplemented with EFA, DDT produced a slight stimulation in growth. DDT also produced an increase in the 20∶3ω9/20∶4ω6 ratio in liver lipids of male rats fed a ration deficient in EFA. These data indicate an effect in EFA nutrition. Substantial changes in the fatty acid composition of liver lipids resulted from the feeding of DDT. The proportion of 16∶0 was decreased, while that of 18∶0 was increased. With rats on the supplemented rations an increase in the proportion of 20∶4ω6 was observed, while in the deficient rats a comparable increase was observed in the proportion of 20∶3ω9. These changes in fatty acid composition have been related to the proliferation of hepatic smooth endoplasmic reticulum induced by the DDT, and it is suggested that this effect could increase the demand for EFA by the liver, thus influencing EFA nutrition.
Lipid synthesis by rat lung in vitro
Authors: Wang M. C. , Meng H. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOxidation and lipogenesis in isolated rat lung tissue were studied in vitro. The minced tissue was incubated in a Krebs‐Ringer bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) with 1‐14C‐acetate, 2‐14C‐pyruvate, U‐14C‐D‐glucose, 1,5‐14C‐citrate, 1‐14C‐laurate, 1‐14C‐palmitate, 1‐14C‐stearate, 1‐14C‐oleate, 1‐14C‐linoleate. The lung tissue readily oxidized all of these substrates to14CO2 and incorporated them into14C‐lipids with the exception of 1,5‐14C‐citrate, for which there was no significant incorporation into14C‐lipids. Most of the lipid14C was recovered in phospholipids, more specifically phosphatidyl choline. Twenty‐eight per cent of glucose carbons was incorporated into the fatty acid moiety of phospholipids, while more than 90% of the carbons of other substrates was found in phospholipid fatty acids. The main fatty acid of the phospholipid fraction synthesized from acetate, pyruvate or glucose was palmitic acid. The oxidation of fatty acids was apparently influenced both by the carbon chain length and number of double bonds. Accumulation of14C‐fatty acids in the tissue was observed when fatty acids were used as substrates; this finding suggests that the rate limiting step was not in the uptake of fatty acids. Chemical degradation of14C‐myristic and palmitic acids obtained by hydrolysis of phospholipids biosynthesized from 1‐14C‐laurate indicated that the phospholipid fatty acids were synthesized via the de novo synthesis pathway.
Clofibrate and Nafenopin (SU‐13437): Effects on plasma clearance and tissue distribution of chylomicron triglyceride in the dog
Authors: Cenedella Richard J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAdult male dogs, which received orally for 21 days either no drug, 75 mg/kg/day of clofibrate or 25 mg/kg/day of nafenopin, were injected iv with14C‐labeled chylomicron‐lipid, essentially chylomicron‐triglyceride fatty acid, at 0.2 g of fat per kilogram body weight. At times from 2–160 min after injection, samples of blood, liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue were removed, weighed and assayed for14C‐lipid content. Also, in other dogs treated for 14 days, samples of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue were removed before and after treatment by biopsy for measurement of lipoprotein lipase activity. Chylomicron‐14C was cleared more rapidly from the plasma of nafenopin‐treated and to a lesser extent of clofibrate‐treated dogs than controls. Thet0.5 for clearance was ca. 31 min for control, 12 min for nafenopin‐treated and 20 min for clofibrate‐treated dogs. The total skeletal muscle mass of nafenopintreated animals took up 40–50% of the injected chylomicron‐triglyceride during the first 20 min after injection, as compared with ca. 25–30% for clofibratetreated and 20–25% for control dogs. Also in treated dogs lesser percentages of the cleared chylomicron‐14C appeared in the liver soon after injection and more in adipose tissue at later times. These observations could be related partially to a measured ability of clofibrate to increase adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity (ca. 50%) and of nafenopin to increase a lipase activity of skeletal muscle (ca. 20%). These data suggest that clofibrate and particularly nafenopin lower plasma triglycerides by increasing their clerance by the peripheral tissues.
Pentane production by peanut lipoxygenase
Authors: Pattee Harold E. , Singleton John A. , Johns Elizabeth B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPentane and hexanal were the major volatile end‐products of a peanut lipoxygenase and linoleic acid model system and were produced by both crude and purified enzyme preparations. The enzyme system did not require an anerobic condition for the production of pentane and hexanal, thus distinguishing it from other reported systems. A 122‐fold purification of the enzyme was achieved.
Lipolytic activities of intact walker 256 ascites tumor cells
Authors: Cenedella Richard J. , Imrich Bernard J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe present studies confirm with Walker carcinosarcoma 256 in ascites form that ascites tumor cells produce and release large quantities of free fatty acid when incubated in vitro under the appropriate conditions. Two distinct lipolytic acitivities were recognized; a cold sensitive acidic lipolytic activity and a heat sensitive neutral‐to‐weakly‐alkaline activity. Agents known to influence lipolysis in adipose tissue did not affect these activities. Glucose did inhibit the free fatty acid production at neutral pH, but this effect was apparently secondary to medium pH changes as a consequence of lactic acid production from glucose. These observations, together with finding a marked similarity between the composition of free fatty acid present in ascites fluid and those produced in vitro at both acid and neutral pH, are taken to support the concept that ascites tumor cells rapidly incorporate exogenous (medium) free fatty acid into a small and rapidly turning‐over fatty acid‐ester pool, probably a phospholipid pool.
UV‐Autoxidized linolenic acid in high yield for cancer study
Authors: Baker N. , Wilson L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAqueous emulsions of linolenic acid were exposed repeatedly to UV light in an oxygen atmosphere. After each exposure, a dense, yellow liquid formed which was insoluble in petroleum ether, poorly soluble in water, but highly soluble in ethyl ether. After 5 cyclic 90 min exposures, linolenic acid was almost quantitatively converted to autoxidation products which had the following properties: average mol wt, 510; 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive (pink derivative); peroxidase‐reactive; peroxide no., 1100 meq/kg; hydrogen no., 404 mg/mmole H2; C, 61%; H, 9.0%; and O, 30%. Only trace amounts of free aldehydes were present. After treatment with BF3‐methanol, the major, volatile products found were methyl acetal‐esters of azelaic semialdehyde and azelaic acid. These products did not vary qualitatively from one UV exposure to another as shown by gas liquid chromatographic analyses. Ca. 90% of the autoxidized material did not appear on gas liquid chromatography even after methylation. Our technique allows the rapid preparation of high yields of autoxidized linolenic acid sufficient to study chemical properties and anticancer activities of the autoxidation products.
Acetylenic acids ofAlvaradoa amorphoides seed oil
Authors: Pearl M. B. , Kleiman R. , Earle F. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOil from the seed ofAlvaradoa amorphoides Liebm. (Simaroubaceae) collected in Mexico contains two acetylenic fatty acids previously unknown in seed oils, 15% of 17‐octadecen‐6‐ynoic and a trace amount of 6‐eicosynoic acid. The predominant fatty acid (58%) in the oil is 6‐octadecynoic (tariric). Both the δ6 and δ9 series of hexadecenoic, octadecenoic, octadecadienoic, and octadecatrienoic acids were found, but only the δ6 isomer of eicosenoic acid (1.4%) was detectec. The mono‐ and dienoic acids make up about 19% of the total oil. The remainder consists mostly of saturated acids (6.3%). Techniques used in isolation and identification of the acids included thin layer and gas chromatography, IR, UV, NMR and mass spectroscopy, and ozonolysis coupled with gas chromatography.
Determination of molecular species of ovolecithin using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Hasegawa Kiyozo , Suzuki Tetsuya 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn analysis of monoacetyldiglyceride was performed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry for the purpose of determining the molecular species of ovolecithin. Separation of monoacetyldiglycerides was made according to the degree of unsaturation and to the sum of the carbon numbers of fatty acyl residues. Fragments of monoacetyldiglyceride were analyzed and interpreted in relation to the molecular structure in a similar manner to that of triglyceride.
Fatty acid composition of lipids fromSaccharomyces fragilis
Authors: Noble A. C. , Duitschaever C. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLipids extracted fromSaccharomyces fragilis, grown in whey and deproteinized whey, were similar in amount and fatty acid composition. On a dry weight basis, the yeasts contained 3.0% total lipid and 0.5% saponifiable lipid. The fatty acids identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry were 2.5% C14∶0, 19.2% C16∶0, 11.9% C16∶1, 1.28% C16∶2, 3.4% C18∶0, 27.0% C18∶1, 25.1% C18∶2, and 9.6% C18∶3 with less than 1% of the following fatty acids present: C10∶0, C12∶0, C14∶1, C15∶0, and C17∶0.
On the site of the microbiological reduction of cholesterol to coprostanol in the rat
Authors: Kellogg Thomas F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe microbiological reduction of the 5‐ene bond of cholesterol (cholest‐5‐en‐3β‐ol) to form coprostanol (5β‐cholestan‐3β‐ol) occurs in the gastrointestinal tract of many species. Data are presented which show that this activity occurs predominantly in the ceca in cholesterol fed rats. This explains the report by others that the removal of the ceca causes coprostanol to disappear from the feces.
Sensitized photooxidation of α‐tocopherol and of 2,2,5,7,8‐pentamethyl‐6‐chromanol in ethyl acetate
Authors: Grams G. W. , Inglett G. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe major product of each photo‐oxidation was an equimolar mixture of quinone oxide and quinone. The yield of this mixture was 64% and 67% when the substrate was α‐tocopherol and 2,2,5,7,8‐pentamethyl‐6‐chromanol, respectively. Neither spirodienone dimer nor trimer was present in the product mixture. Evidently the reaction intermediate is an adduct of tocopherol and singlet oxygen. Tocopherol may protect biological lipids from singlet oxygen degradation.
Resistance of certain long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine oils to pancreatic lipase hydrolysis
Authors: Bottino Nestor R. , Vandenburg Gloria A. , Reiser Raymond 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWhen whale oil triglycerides were subjected to pancreatic lipase hydrolysis, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were found mainly in the di‐ and triglyceride products, suggesting that they are in the 1,3‐positions but resistant to the action of the lipase. Their presence in the 1,3‐positions was confirmed. Their resistance to pancreatic lipase hydrolysis was demonstrated by analysis of the products of the enzyme action on: (a) a concentrate of highly unsaturated whale oil triglycerides; (b) the latter after randomization; and (c) synthetic 1,2‐di‐octadecenoyl‐3‐eicosapentaenoyl glycerol.Docosapentaenoic acid was also shown to be present in the 1,3‐position of whale oil triglycerides but was not lipase resistant. It is postulated that the presence of a double bond near the carboxyl group exercises an inhibitory effect, or that the location of the double bonds in the resistant acids places their terminal methyl groups close to the carboxyl, producing a steric hindrance effect.
Intracerebrally injected monohydroxy and other C24 steroid acids as demyelinating agents in the guinea pig
Authors: Mujtaba Naqvi S. H. , Herndon B. L. , Del Rosario L. , Nicholas H. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSodium salts of lithocholic acid (3α‐hydroxy‐5β‐cholanoic acid), 5β‐cholanoic acid, Δ5‐cholenoic acid and 3‐keto‐5β‐cholanoic acid injected intracerebrally into guinea pigs in doses of 1 mg or higher produced periventricular demyelination. 24‐14C‐sodium lithocholate was rapidly released from the brain (only traces remained 2 hr after injection) if injected in quantities ranging from 2 μg to 5 mg. This rapid elimination is believed to account for the relatively high dose of lithocholate required for producing demyelination, and may also account for the limited demyelinating capacity of the other acids injected intracerebrally.
Conjugation of polyunsaturated acids
Authors: Mounts T. L. , Dutton H. J. , Glover D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe isomerization reaction of methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate with potassiumt‐butoxide has been investigated. The compositions of the reaction products formed at three temperatures have been determined and the relationships between these analyses and observed differences in absorptivities by UV spectrometry are discussed. Conclusions concerning the reaction mechanisms are based on compositional analysis and results of experiments using radioactive or stable isotope labeled reagent. Double bonds in molecules which are not conjugated during the reaction retain the originalcis configuration. The double bond in the Δ12 position is the most susceptible to positional isomerization to form the conjugated system. With the diene, this selectivity is small, while with the triene, the shifting of the Δ12 bond is the preponderant initial reaction. Isotopic experiments yielded direct evidence for the postulated carbanion mechanism of reaction. An activated methylene group is generally required for the formation of the carbanion. While the UV spectra of the reaction products formed from methyl linolenate at 140 C showed no peak in the diene region, 34% conjugated diene‐triene was present. The intact conjugated systems can migrate when the reaction is sufficiently energentic to produce conjugated trienes with double bonds other than the 10, 12, 14 system. The conjugation of triene is a stepwise reaction through the conjugated dienetriene.
The acyl and Alk‐1‐enyl groups of the major phosphoglycerides from ox brain myelin and mouse brain microsomal, mitochondrial and myelin fractions
Authors: Sun Grace Y. , Horrocks Lloyd A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe major phosphoglycerides from ox brain myelin and mouse brain microsomal, mitochondrial and myelin fractions were separated by preparative thin layer chromatography. Alk‐1‐enyl groups from the alk‐1‐enyl acyl glycerophosphorylethanolamines were reacted with 1,3‐propanediol to form the 1,3‐dioxolane derivatives. Acyl groups were converted to the methyl ester derivatives and the acyl groups from alk‐1‐enyl acyl glycerophosphorylethanolamines and diacyl glycerophosphorylethanolamines were also determined separately. The acyl and alk‐1‐enyl group compositions of the phosphoglycerides from microsomal and mitochondrial fractions were quite similar. The ethanolamine and serine phosphoglycerides contained large amounts of 18∶0, 18∶1, 20∶4 and 22∶6 acyl groups. The choline phosphoglycerides had small amounts of polyunsaturated acyl groups and large amounts of 16∶0, 18∶1 and 18∶0 acyl groups. The mitochondrial cardiolipins contained unusual amounts of several acyl groups including 18∶1, 52%; 18∶2, 6%; and 16.1, 4%. A large portion of the mouse brain 18∶2 is in that fraction. The myelin phosphoglycerides were deficient in saturated and 22∶6 groups and markedly enriched in 18∶1 and 20∶1 groups when compared with the corresponding microsomal or mitochondrial phosphoglycerides.
Effect of ethanol on liver triglyceride concentration in fed and fasted rats
Authors: Johnson Owe 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of ethanol, given by gastric tube or by intraperitoneal injection, on the liver triglyceride concentration in fasted and ad libitum fed rats was investigated. Ethanol, independent of the route of administration, increased the liver triglyceride concentration in fasted rats during an 8 hr period but caused a much smaller increase in the ad libitum fed rats. The incorporation of intravenous injected3H‐oleic acid into the liver triglycerides increased significantly after ethanol feeding in fasted but not in fed rats. Based upon this and the plasma free fatty acid concentrations, it is concluded that ethanol causes a marked increase in the utilization of plasma free fatty acids for synthesis of liver triglycerides in fasted but not in fed rats. It is suggested that this is part of the explanation for the different responses to ethanol of the liver triglyceride concentrations in fasted and fed rats.
Distribution and specific activities of RNAs in isolated adipose cells with relation to exogenous lipids
Authors: Launay M. , Raulin J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSeveral observations suggested that the rate of adipose cell formation is influenced by the fatty acid composition of the dietary fat: morphological studies, counting of cells, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA specific activities (SA). Therefore adipose cell RNAs were fractionated in an attempt to localize the site of this increased activity. Weanling rats were fed a diet containing 20% of sunflower oil (SO) or lard (L) for 21 days and fasted for 18 hr. They were then injected with either (6‐14C) orotic acid or32P‐phosphate and killed 210 min or 18 hr later. The adipose cell ribosomal and nuclear RNAs were extracted and fractionated by ultracentrifugation in a sucrose gradient. Comparison of the SA of the fractions revealed that: (1) after 210 min of incorporation, ribosomal RNAs were more active in cells from rats fed SO; after 18 hr, nuclear RNAs of these cells were more active; (2) in each extract, 18S RNAs were always more active in SO than in L; (3) in the cells from the rats fed SO, at the nuclear level the synthesis of rapidly labeled heterodisperse RNAs seemed accelerated; at the ribosomal level they seemed to be utilized more rapidly. This is interpreted as indicative of stimulated enzymic induction.
The metabolism of neutral lipids in the spur dogfish,Squalus acanthias
Authors: Sargent J. R. , Gatten R. R. , McIntosh R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCell free studies have shown that liver and intestine are the major sites of synthesis of triacyl glycerols inSqualus acanthias. The liver and to a lesser extent the intestine and stomach are major sites of wax ester synthesis. Muscle does not synthesize either triacyl glycerols or wax esters significantly. In vivo studies have shown that intravenously injected (3H) fatty alcohol is massively oxidized to (3H) fatty acid, the bulk of which appears in muscle. Liver appears to export both free fatty acids and triacyl glycerols to serum and thence to muscle. Free fatty acids, triacyl glycerols, wax esters and cholesteryl esters are all turned over within 48 hr inSqualus serum. The turnover of triacyl glycerols greatly exceeds the turnover of alkyl diacyl glycerols.
Lipid metabolism ofAgaricus bisporus (lange) sing.: II. Biosynthesis of sporophore lipids
Authors: Holtz R. Barry , Schisler Lee C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn vivo biosynthesis of lipids ofAgaicus bisporus, the cultivated mushroom, was studied by examining incorporation of uniformly labeled14C‐linoleic acid and14C‐acetic acid added as supplements to mushroom compost. Incorporation of14C from both substrates showed similar patterns. Lipids from sporophores were labeled proportionally to their mass with the exception of free sterol which was labeled to a greater proportion in relation to its mass. Quantitative analyses of free sterol was accomplished using pyruvyl chloride 2, 6 dinitrophenyl hydrazone derivatives. Qualitative analysis of free sterol components was made using mass spectrometry.
Autoxidation of fatty acid esters in the presence of a heavy metal catalyst “Salcomine” (Co[II]‐bissalicylalethylenedi‐imine): I. Effect of catalyst upon rate of consumption of oxygen and decomposition of hydroperoxide
Authors: Jarvi Pentti K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe autoxidation of fatty acid esters in the presence of a heavy metal chelate, “Salcomine” (Co[II]‐bissalicylalethylenedi‐imine), has been studied. Both antioxidative and prooxidative effects have been observed. When the concentration of the catalyst is decreased or the temperature is increased, the induction period becomes shorter and under some conditions disappears. It was shown that the decomposition of hydroperoxides is affected by salcomine; a first order reaction is involved with Arrhenius parameters E=21,000 cal, and A=8.99×1010 sec−1. The solubility of oxygen in fatty acid esters above 30 C, with and without salcomine, is the same. Theoretical aspects of the reaction mechanism, that are consistent with the experimental results, are proposed.
Synthesis of prostaglandins (PGE, PGF, PGA and PGB) in human platelets
Authors: Srivastava K. C. , Clausen J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHuman blood platelets, which previously have been shown to possess the necessary enzymic system for the synthesis of prostaglandins E, are also able to synthesize other prostaglandins, namely PGF, PGA and PGB. The synthesis and degradation rate of the prostaglandins were studied by chase experiments. Their synthesis rate was ca. 0.025 nmol acetate incorporated into PGE1 (and E2) per 109 platelets, while their degradation rate per hour was ca. 13% (PGE) and 8% (PGF) of the initial amount.
Synthesis and biological characterization of 10, 11‐methylene‐9‐nonadecene; an analog of sterculic acid
Authors: Clark James R. , Kircher Henry W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method is presented for the preparation of 10, 11‐methylene‐9‐nonadecene, a structural analog of the biologically active 9, 10‐methylene‐9‐octadecene (sterculene). When tested for its ability to inhibit stearyl CoA desaturase in vivo, 10, 11‐methylene‐9‐nonadecene failed to alter the stearic‐oleic acid ratio in the yolks of eggs from hens that had been fed 75 mg per day for 8 days. The compound did not give the Halphen test nor react rapidly with silver nitrate or methyl mercaptan in alcohol.
A simplified gas chromatographic procedure for analysis of lipoxygenase reaction products
Authors: Angelo Allen J. ST. , Dupuy Harold P. , Ory Robert L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA simple and very sensitive technique was devised to analyze lipoxygenase reaction products by direct gas chromatography. Results showed that peanut lipoxygenase oxidizes linoleic acid at the C‐13 position exclusively.
Effect of chronic ethanol administration on cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in vivo
Authors: Lakshman M. R. , Gupta Atam D. , Veech Richard L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChronic administration of ethanol failed to stimulate the hepatic rate of cholesterol synthesis in meal‐fed rats. In contrast, chronic ethanol feeding caused a 50% inhibition in the rate of incorporation of [4‐14C] cholesterol to bile acids in the bile‐duct cannulated rats. It is, therefore, suggested that the decreased rate of cholesterol degradation to bile acids may play an important role in ethanol‐induced accumulation of cholesterol in liver.
Lipid metabolism of the yellow clam,Mesodesma mactroides: 3‐Saturated fatty acids and acetate metabolism
Authors: de Moreno Julia E. A. , Moreno Victor J. , Brenner Rodolfo R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fate of labeled palmitate, stearate, and acetate administered to the yellow clam,Mesodesma mactroides, was investigated. 1‐14C palmitic and 1‐14C stearic acids were oxidized to CO2 to a limited extent. They were mainly incorporated in diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols and were converted to higher homologs. After administration, palmitic acid was converted to stearic and oleic acids, whereas administered stearic acid was converted to 18∶1, 18∶2, 20∶1, and 20∶2 acids. Labeled acetate was readily included by the clam in 12∶0, 14∶0, 14∶1, 15∶0, 16∶1, 16∶1, 16∶2, 18∶2, 18∶1, 18∶2, 20∶1, 20∶2, and 20∶3 acids.