bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Balance for the Ji-Paraná River Basin, Western Amazon, Using a Simple Method through Geographical Information Systems and Remote Sensing
Authors: Victoria Danielde Castro , Santiago Alailson Venceslau , Ballester Maria Victoria Ramos , Pereira Antonio Roberto , Victoria Reynaldo Luiz , Richey Jeffrey E. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The Thornthwaite–Mather climatological model integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to simulate the monthly water balance for the Ji-Paraná river basin, in the western Amazonian state of Rondônia (RO), from February 1995 through December 1996. Model inputs were Advanced Very High Resolution Radar (AVHRR) images, rainfall from rain gauges within and around the basin, soils, and land cover maps. Mean monthly temperature images, estimated from AVHRR, were used to calculate monthly potential evapotranspiration images. Rainfall measurements were interpolated to obtain monthly rainfall images using the spline method. Results were compared with annual water mass balance for 10 internal subbasins. Model results underestimated basin evapotranspiration in −6% and water surplus was overestimated in +12%. Annual basin evapotranspiration was 1166 mm, or 3.2 mm day−1, with a minimum in the dry season (1.7 mm day−1 in July) and maximum in the beginning of the wet season (4.2 mm day−1 in October). Three distinct land cover scenarios were evaluated. Complete basin deforestation reduced basin evapotranspiration and increased water deficit and surplus in approximately 200 mm yr−1.
Comparison of CALIPSO-Like, LaRC, and MODIS Retrievals of Ice-Cloud Properties over SIRTA in France and Florida during CRYSTAL-FACE
Authors: Chiriaco M. , Chepfer H. , Minnis P. , Haeffelin M. , Platnick S. , Baumgardner D. , Dubuisson P. , McGill M. , Noël V. , Pelon J. , Spangenberg D. , Sun-Mack S. , Wind G. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
This study compares cirrus-cloud properties and, in particular, particle effective radius retrieved by a Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)-like method with two similar methods using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS), and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite imagery. The CALIPSO-like method uses lidar measurements coupled with the split-window technique that uses the infrared spectral information contained at the 8.65-, 11.15-, and 12.05-μm bands to infer the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds. The two other methods, using passive remote sensing at visible and infrared wavelengths, are the operational MODIS cloud products (using 20 spectral bands from visible to infrared, referred to by its archival product identifier MOD06 for MODIS Terra) and MODIS retrievals performed by the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) team at Langley Research Center (LaRC) in support of CERES algorithms (using 0.65-, 3.75-, 10.8-, and 12.05-μm bands); the two algorithms will be referred to as the MOD06 and LaRC methods, respectively. The three techniques are compared at two different latitudes. The midlatitude ice-clouds study uses 16 days of observations at the Palaiseau ground-based site in France [Site Instrumental de Recherche par Télédétection Atmosphérique (SIRTA)], including a ground-based 532-nm lidar and the MODIS overpasses on the Terra platform. The tropical ice-clouds study uses 14 different flight legs of observations collected in Florida during the intensive field experiment known as the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers–Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE), including the airborne cloud-physics lidar and the MAS. The comparison of the three methods gives consistent results for the particle effective radius and the optical thickness but discrepancies in cloud detection and altitudes. The study confirms the value of an active remote sensing method (CALIPSO like) for the study of subvisible ice clouds, in both the midlatitudes and Tropics. Nevertheless, this method is not reliable in optically very thick tropical ice clouds, because of their particular microphysical properties.
Source Characterization with a Genetic Algorithm–Coupled Dispersion–Backward Model Incorporating SCIPUFF
Authors: Allen Christopher T. , Haupt Sue Ellen , Young George S. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
This paper extends the approach of coupling a forward-looking dispersion model with a backward model using a genetic algorithm (GA) by incorporating a more sophisticated dispersion model [the Second-Order Closure Integrated Puff (SCIPUFF) model] into a GA-coupled system. This coupled system is validated with synthetic and field experiment data to demonstrate the potential applicability of the coupled model to emission source characterization. The coupled model incorporating SCIPUFF is first validated with synthetic data produced by SCIPUFF to isolate issues related directly to SCIPUFF’s use in the coupled model. The coupled model is successful in characterizing sources even with a moderate amount of white noise introduced into the data. The similarity to corresponding results from previous studies using a more basic model suggests that the GA’s performance is not sensitive to the dispersion model used. The coupled model is then tested using data from the Dipole Pride 26 field tests to determine its ability to characterize actual pollutant measurements despite the stochastic scatter inherent in turbulent dispersion. Sensitivity studies are run on various input parameters to gain insight used to produce a multistage process capable of a higher-quality source characterization than that produced by a single pass. Overall, the coupled model performed well in identifying approximate locations, times, and amounts of pollutant emissions. These model runs demonstrate the coupled model’s potential application to source characterization for real-world problems.
An Automated Technique to Quality Control Radar Reflectivity Data
Authors: Lakshmanan Valliappa , Fritz Angela , Smith Travis , Hondl Kurt , Stumpf Gregory 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEchoes in radar reflectivity data do not always correspond to precipitating particles. Echoes on radar may result from biological targets such as insects, birds, or wind-borne particles; from anomalous propagation or ground clutter; or from test and interference patterns that inadvertently seep into the final products. Although weather forecasters can usually identify and account for the presence of such contamination, automated weather-radar algorithms are drastically affected. Several horizontal and vertical features have been proposed to discriminate between precipitation echoes and echoes that do not correspond to precipitation. None of these features by themselves can discriminate between precipitating and nonprecipitating areas. In this paper, a neural network is used to combine the individual features, some of which have already been proposed in the literature and some of which are introduced in this paper, into a single discriminator that can distinguish between “good” and “bad” echoes (i.e., precipitation and nonprecipitation, respectively). The method of computing the horizontal features leads to statistical anomalies in their distributions near the edges of echoes. Also described is how to avoid presenting such range gates to the neural network. The gate-by-gate discrimination provided by the neural network is followed by more holistic postprocessing based on spatial contiguity constraints and object identification to yield quality-controlled radar reflectivity scans that have most of the bad echo removed while leaving most of the good echo untouched. A possible multisensor extension, utilizing satellite data and surface observations, to the radar-only technique is also demonstrated. It is demonstrated that the resulting technique is highly skilled and that its skill exceeds that of the currently operational algorithm.
Empirical Estimation of Attenuation from Differential Propagation Phase Measurements at C Band
Authors: Gourley Jonathan J. , Tabary Pierre , Parent du Chatelet Jacques 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A polarimetric method is devised to correct for attenuation effects at C band on reflectivity ZH and differential reflectivity ZDR measurements. An operational cross-correlation analysis is used to derive advection vectors and to displace echoes over a 5-min time step. These advected echoes are then compared with observations valid at the same time. The method assumes that the mean change in the intrinsic ZH and ZDR over a 5-min period when considering 1–2 h of observations over the entire radar umbrella is approximately zero. Correction coefficients are retrieved through the minimization of a cost function that links observed decreases in ZH and ZDR due to attenuation effects with increases in differential phase shift (ΦDP). The retrieved coefficients are consistent with published values for the typical ranges of temperatures and drop sizes encountered at midlatitudes, even when Mie scattering effects are present. Measurements of ZH and ZDR corrected using retrieved coefficients are compared with raw measurements and to measurements adjusted by mean coefficients found in the literature. The empirical retrieval method shows improvement over using mean correction coefficients based on comparisons of ZH from neighboring, unattenuated radars, disdrometer measurements, and analysis of ZH and ZDR as a function of ΦDP.
Daily NDVI Relationship to Cloud Cover
Authors: Tang Qiuhong , Oki Taikan 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) cloud index (NCI) was derived from Pathfinder Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) daily NDVI data and compared with observed cloud amounts and a sunshine duration–cloud index (SCI) over an area of diverse land cover. Ground observations from 120 meteorological stations were significantly related to the daily NCI and the SCI, with R2 values of 0.41 and 0.50, respectively. The daily NCI and interpolated cloud indices derived from ground observations over the 776 900 km2 study area were compared. The correlation coefficient between the NCI and the observed cloud amount was less than 0.6 for less than 20% of the area. The correlation coefficient between the NCI and the observed sunshine duration index was less than 0.6 for less than 10% of the area and less than 0.7 for 41% of the area. There were strong correlations for high elevations in summer, and correlations for low elevations in winter were weaker. A frozen soil surface or snow cover degrades the NDVI relationship to clouds. The NCI and observed cloud indices had high correlation coefficients in areas with diverse land uses, suggesting that the NCI may be useful in estimating cloudiness over a large region.
The Shear Layer above and in Urban Canopies
Authors: Huq Pablo , White Louis A. , Carrillo Alejandro , Redondo Jose , Dharmavaram Seshu , Hanna Steven R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe nature and role of the shear layer, which occurs at the level of the average building height in urban canopies, are poorly understood. Velocity data are analyzed to determine the characteristics of the shear layer of the urban canopy, defined as the broad, linear segment of the mean velocity profile in a region of high shear. Particle image velocimetry measurements in a water tunnel were undertaken to resolve velocity profiles for urban canopies of two geometries typical of Los Angeles, California, and New York City, New York, for which the aspect ratios (average building height-to-width ratio) H/wb are 1 and 3, respectively. The shear layers evolve with distance differently: For H/wb = 1 the urban canopy shear layer extends quickly from above the building height to ground level, whereas for H/wb = 3 the urban canopy shear layer remains elevated at the vicinity of the building height, only reaching to a depth of z/H ∼ 0.5 far downstream. Profiles of the mean velocity gradient also differ from each other for urban canopies associated with H/wb of 1 or 3. Values of shear dU/dz increase toward ground level for an urban canopy associated with H/wb = 1. For an urban canopy associated with H/wb = 3, localized peaks of shear dU/dz exist at the building height and at ground level, with values of shear decreasing to zero at building midheight and far above the building height. A consequence of the different forms of the shear layers of the two urban canopies is that the ground-level dispersion coefficient is likely to be greater for urban canopies associated with H/wb = 1 than for those associated with H/wb = 3 because of an increased ventilation and exchange mechanism for cities such as Los Angeles relative to cities such as New York City that possess urban canyons.
Comparison of Preseason, Midseason, and Postseason Neurocognitive Scores in Uninjured Collegiate Football Players
Authors: Miller Jennifer R. , Adamson Gregory J. , Pink Marilyn M. , Sweet John C. 
Published: April 2007

Background College football players sustain an average of 3 subconcussive blows to the head per game. Concussions correlate with decreases in standardized neurocognitive test scores. It is not known whether repetitive, subconcussive microtrauma associated with participation in a full season of collision sport affects neurocognitive test scores. Hypothesis No difference exists between preseason, midseason, and postseason Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) and Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) scores when collegiate football players sustain subconcussive microtrauma from forceful, repetitive contact activity. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Fifty-eight members of a Division III collegiate football team who had no known concussion during the season voluntarily completed the SAC and ImPACT instruments preseason, midseason, and postseason. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the scores at the 3 time intervals (P < .05). Results No statistically significant decreases were found in overall SAC or ImPACT scores or in any of the domains or composites of the tests (P < .05) when preseason, midseason, and postseason scores were evaluated. Conclusions ImPACT and SAC neurocognitive test scores are not significantly altered by a season of repetitive contact in collegiate football athletes who have not sustained a concussion. Clinical Relevance A diminution in SAC or ImPACT scores in concert with clinical symptoms and findings should be interpreted as evidence of a postconcussive event.
Importance of Sports in Cartilage Regeneration after Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Kreuz Peter Cornelius , Steinwachs Matthias , Erggelet Christoph , Lahm Andreas , Krause Stefanie , Ossendorf Christian , Meier Dirk , Ghanem Nadir , Uhl Markus 
Published: April 2007

Background There have been no data in the literature reporting the influence of sports on the outcome of autologous chondrocyte implantation in chondral defects of the knee. Hypothesis Sports can improve the result of autologous chondrocyte implantation in postoperative follow-up. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Between 1997 and 2003, 118 patients with symptomatic isolated chondral lesions of the knee underwent autologous chondrocyte implantation. According to the sports activity level before the start of symptoms, patients were assigned to 2 groups: group II with no or rare sports involvement (1-3 times/month); group I with regular (1-3 times/week) or competitive sports (4-7 times/week). All patients underwent clinical and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation preoperative and 6, 18, and 36 months after autologous chondrocyte implantation. Results Group I patients showed significantly better results (<.01) in the International Cartilage Repair Society and Cincinnati scores than group II patients. Preoperative evaluation revealed no correlation between the sports activity levels and the clinical scores (P > .05). However, from the sixth month on, correlation was statistically significant, increasing from 6 to 18 months, and from 18 to 36 months postoperatively. Conclusion Physical training improves long-term results after autologous chondrocyte implantation of the knee and should be carried out for at least 2 years after surgery.
Kinase domain mutations of BCR-ABL frequently precede imatinib-based therapy and give rise to relapse in patients with de novo Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL)
Authors: Pfeifer Heike , Wassmann Barbara , Pavlova Anna , Wunderle Lydia , Oldenburg Johannes , Binckebanck Anja , Lange Thoralf , Hochhaus Andreas , Wystub Silvia , Brück Patrick , Hoelzer Dieter , Ottmann Oliver G. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Acquired imatinib resistance in advanced Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) has been associated with mutations in the kinase domain (KD) of BCR-ABL. We examined the prevalence of KD mutations in newly diagnosed and imatinib-naive Ph+ ALL patients and assessed their clinical relevance in the setting of uniform frontline therapy with imatinib in combination with chemotherapy. Patients enrolled in the German Multicenter Study Group for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (GMALL) trial ADE10 for newly diagnosed elderly Ph+ ALL were retrospectively examined for the presence of BCR-ABL KD mutations by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (D-HPLC), cDNA sequencing, and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A KD mutation was detected in a minor subpopulation of leukemic cells in 40% of newly diagnosed and imatinib-naive patients. At relapse, the dominant cell clone harbored an identical mutation in 90% of cases, the overall prevalence of mutations at relapse was 80%. P-loop mutations predominated and were not associated with an inferior hematologic or molecular remission rate or shorter remission duration compared with unmutated BCR-ABL. BCR-ABL mutations conferring high-level imatinib resistance are present in a substantial proportion of patients with de novo Ph+ ALL and eventually give rise to relapse. This provides a rationale for the frontline use of kinase inhibitors active against these BCR-ABL mutants.
NF-κB2 mutation targets TRAF1 to induce lymphomagenesis
Authors: Zhang Baochun , Wang Zhe , Li Tai , Tsitsikov Erdyni N. , Ding Han-Fei 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The NF-κB2 gene is recurrently mutated in human lymphoid malignancies. However, a causal relationship between NF-κB2 mutation and lymphomagenesis has not been established. It is also unclear how the mutation may lead to lymphoid malignancies. We report the generation of transgenic mice with targeted expression of p80HT, a lymphoma-associated NF-κB2 mutant, in lymphocytes. The transgenic mice display a marked expansion of peripheral B cell populations and develop predominantly small B cell lymphomas. p80HT expression has no apparent effect on the proliferation of B cells, but renders them specifically resistant to apoptosis induced by cytokine deprivation and mitogenic stimulation. Lymphocytes and lymphoma cells from p80HT mice express high levels of TRAF1, an antiapoptotic protein also implicated in lymphoid malignancies. p80HT binds the TRAF1 promoter in vivo and activates TRAF1 transcription. Moreover, TRAF1 knockdown abrogates the antiapoptotic activity of p80HT and TRAF1 deficiency reestablishes B cell homeostasis in p80HT mice. These findings demonstrate NF-κB2 mutation as an oncogenic event in vivo and suggest a molecular pathway for TRAF1 activation in the pathogenesis of lymphomas.
Alternative splicing due to an intronic SNP in HMSD generates a novel minor histocompatibility antigen
Authors: Kawase Takakazu , Akatsuka Yoshiki , Torikai Hiroki , Morishima Satoko , Oka Akira , Tsujimura Akane , Miyazaki Mikinori , Tsujimura Kunio , Miyamura Koichi , Ogawa Seishi , Inoko Hidetoshi , Morishima Yasuo , Kodera Yoshihisa , Kuzushima Kiyotaka , Takahashi Toshitada 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Here we report the identification of a novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B44–restricted minor histocompatibility antigen (mHA) with expression limited to hematopoietic cells. cDNA expression cloning studies demonstrated that the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope of interest was encoded by a novel allelic splice variant of HMSD, hereafter designated as HMSD-v. The immunogenicity of the epitope was generated by differential protein expression due to alternative splicing, which was completely controlled by 1 intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism located in the consensus 5′ splice site adjacent to an exon. Both HMSD-v and HMSD transcripts were selectively expressed at higher levels in mature dendritic cells and primary leukemia cells, especially those of myeloid lineage. Engraftment of mHA+ myeloid leukemia stem cells in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID)/γcnull mice was completely inhibited by in vitro preincubation with the mHA-specific CTL clone, suggesting that this mHA is expressed on leukemic stem cells. The patient from whom the CTL clone was isolated demonstrated a significant increase of the mHA-specific T cells in posttransplantation peripheral blood, whereas mHA-specific T cells were undetectable in pretransplantation peripheral blood and in peripheral blood from his donor. These findings suggest that the HMSD–v–encoded mHA (designated ACC-6) could serve as a target antigen for immunotherapy against hematologic malignancies.
Microglia activation in retinal degeneration
Authors: Langmann Thomas 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMicroglia cells are phagocytic sentinels in the CNS and in the retina required for neuronal homeostasis and innate immune defense. Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that chronic microglia activation is associated with various neurodegenerative diseases including retinal dystrophies. Endogenous triggers alert microglia cells rapidly in the degenerating retina, leading to local proliferation, migration, enhanced phagocytosis, and secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and neurotoxins. This amplified, immunological cascade and the loss of limiting control mechanisms may contribute significantly to retinal tissue damage and proapoptotic events. This review summarizes the developmental and immune surveillance functions of microglia in the healthy retina and discusses early signaling events and transcriptional networks of microglia activation in retinal degeneration. The characterization of activation pathways at the molecular level may lead to innovative, therapeutic options in degenerative retinal diseases based on a selective, pharmacological interference with the neurotoxic activities of microglia cells, without compromising their homeostastic functions.
User-led assessment of a recovery service using DREEM
Authors: Dinniss Stephen , Roberts Glenn , Hubbard Charlotte , Hounsell Jenny , Webb Rachel 
Published: April 2007

Aims and MethodTo develop a service development plan supporting recovery-based practice through collaborative service user-led methodology, and contribute to the National Institute for Mental Health in England (NIMHE) pilot evaluation of recovery sensitive measures. Staff, residents and service user group representatives collaborated in implementing the Developing Recovery Enhancing Environments Measure (DREEM) in a residential rehabilitation service.ResultsStaff and residents demonstrated a shared vision of recovery. Many areas were being addressed to a high level but others showed areas of deficiency, and illustrated discrepant views between staff and residents, which provided a focus for the development of a clinical service action plan.Clinical ImplicationsAs an experimental measure DREEM provides a user-led structure, which enables services to measure their commitment to, and effectiveness in, providing recovery-based care. It focuses service development and enhances collaborative work with service users, thus mirroring the principles of recovery it measures. It merits further evaluation and consolidation.