bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic plan for pediatric respiratory diseases research: An NHLBI working group report
Authors: Abman Steve , Jobe Alan , Chernick Victor , Blaisdell Carol , Castro Mario , Ramirez Maria I. , Gern James E. , Cutting Garry , Redding Greg , Hagood James S. , Whitsett Jeffrey , Abman Steve , Raj J. Usha , Barst Robyn , Kato Gregory J. , Gozal David , Haddad Gabriel G. , Prabhakar Nanduri R. , Gauda Estelle , Martinez Fernando D. , Tepper Robert , Wood Robert E. , Accurso Frank , Teague W. Gerald , Venegas Jose , Cole F. Sessions , Wright Rosalind J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe Division of Lung Diseases of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) recently held a workshop to identify gaps in our understanding and treatment of childhood lung diseases and to define strategies to enhance translational research in this field. Leading experts with diverse experience in both laboratory and patient‐oriented research reviewed selected areas of pediatric lung diseases, including perinatal programming and epigenetic influences; mechanisms of lung injury, repair, and regeneration; pulmonary vascular disease (PVD); sleep and control of breathing; and the application of novel translational methods to enhance personalized medicine. This report summarizes the proceedings of this workshop and provides recommendations for emphasis on targeted areas for future investigation. The priority areas identified for research in pediatric pulmonary diseases included: (1) epigenetic and environmental influences on lung development that program pediatric lung diseases, (2) injury, regeneration, and repair in the developing lung, (3) PVD in children, (4) development and adaptation of ventilatory responses to postnatal life, (5) nonatopic wheezing: aberrant large airway development or injury? (6) strategies to improve assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases, and (7) predictive and personalized medicine for children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:2–13. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simulating protein folding initiation sites using an alpha‐carbon‐only knowledge‐based force field
Authors: Buck Patrick M. , Bystroff Christopher 
Published: December 2008

AbstractProtein folding is a hierarchical process where structure forms locally first, then globally. Some short sequence segments initiate folding through strong structural preferences that are independent of their three‐dimensional context in proteins. We have constructed a knowledge‐based force field in which the energy functions are conditional on local sequence patterns, as expressed in the hidden Markov model for local structure (HMMSTR). Carbon‐alpha force field (CALF) builds sequence specific statistical potentials based on database frequencies for α‐carbon virtual bond opening and dihedral angles, pair‐wise contacts and hydrogen bond donor‐acceptor pairs, and simulates folding via Brownian dynamics. We introduce hydrogen bond donor and acceptor potentials as α‐carbon probability fields that are conditional on the predicted local sequence. Constant temperature simulations were carried out using 27 peptides selected as putative folding initiation sites, each 12 residues in length, representing several different local structure motifs. Each 0.6 μs trajectory was clustered based on structure. Simulation convergence or representativeness was assessed by subdividing trajectories and comparing clusters. For 21 of the 27 sequences, the largest cluster made up more than half of the total trajectory. Of these 21 sequences, 14 had cluster centers that were at most 2.6 Å root mean square deviation (RMSD) from their native structure in the corresponding full‐length protein. To assess the adequacy of the energy function on nonlocal interactions, 11 full length native structures were relaxed using Brownian dynamics simulations. Equilibrated structures deviated from their native states but retained their overall topology and compactness. A simple potential that folds proteins locally and stabilizes proteins globally may enable a more realistic understanding of hierarchical folding pathways. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nucleotide‐dependence of G‐actin conformation from multiple molecular dynamics simulations and observation of a putatively polymerization‐competent superclosed state
Authors: Splettstoesser Thomas , Noé Frank , Oda Toshiro , Smith Jeremy C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe assembly of monomeric G‐actin into filamentous F‐actin is nucleotide dependent: ATP‐G‐actin is favored for filament growth at the “barbed end” of F‐actin, whereas ADP‐G‐actin tends to dissociate from the “pointed end.” Structural differences between ATP‐ and ADP‐G‐actin are examined here using multiple molecular dynamics simulations. The “open” and “closed” conformational states of G‐actin in aqueous solution are characterized, with either ATP or ADP in the nucleotide binding pocket. With both ATP and ADP bound, the open state closes in the absence of actin‐bound profilin. The position of the nucleotide in the protein is found to be correlated with the degree of opening of the active site cleft. Further, the simulations reveal the existence of a structurally well‐defined, compact, “superclosed” state of ATP‐G‐actin, as yet unseen crystallographically and absent in the ADP‐G‐actin simulations. The superclosed state resembles structurally the actin monomer in filament models derived from fiber diffraction and is putatively the polymerization competent conformation of ATP‐G‐actin. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Big losses in ecosystem niches: how core firm decisions drive complementary product shakeouts
Authors: Pierce Lamar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study examines shakeouts in the context of business ecosystems. Market turbulence generated by core firm decisions in competing differentiated ecosystems can generate financial losses and exit for complementary niche market firms. I develop hypotheses predicting which niche markets will suffer larger losses and be more susceptible to shakeouts, and how core firm decisions will drive complementor performance and survival. I then apply these hypotheses to brand‐based differentiated ecosystems in the automotive industry, where networks of suppliers, customers, and complementors surround car manufacturers. More specifically, I study the complementary niche market of automotive leasing, where manufacturers sway leasing markets through product change, entry, and subsidization. To test the hypotheses, I use a proprietary dataset of 200,000 individual car leases between 1997–2002 to identify how manufacturer product design and niche market entry drive complementor losses and exit. These data allow a unique opportunity to understand how the strategic choices of core firms can have substantial and often devastating effects on niche markets in their ecosystem. Further, the results suggest how the dynamic capabilities to adapt to core firm behavior might improve performance for certain niche market complementors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doing business in Malaysia
Authors: Julian Craig C. , Ahmed Zafar U. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe importance of international trade to the Malaysian economy can hardly be exaggerated. Trade represents a lifeline for the Malaysian economy. Export‐oriented industrialization in the 1990s converted the labor‐surplus economy into a labor‐deficit one and then back to a labor‐surplus one in 2000 and beyond. The incidence of poverty has fallen by half since the early 1980s. Trade has also contributed much to the structural transformation and modernization of the economy. Had Malaysia been a closed economy, Malaysia would have shared the same fate as some other less developed countries that remain economically backward. Its external trade policy has paved the way for greater inflows of foreign direct investment, as foreign direct investors are not so much interested in serving the small domestic market as serving the vast external market. The large inflows of foreign direct investment have conferred positive effects on the domestic economy. This has meant significant improvements in the overall living standards for the Malaysians. Internationalization has provided employment opportunities, thereby raising their living standards through higher and more stable earnings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of breast ultrasonography in the diagnostic work‐up of precocious puberty and proposal of a prognostic index for identifying girls with rapidly progressive central precocious puberty
Authors: Calcaterra V. , Sampaolo P. , Klersy C. , Larizza D. , Alfei A. , Brizzi V. , Beneventi F. , Cisternino M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the utility of breast ultrasono‐ graphy in the diagnostic work‐up of precocious puberty and to create a prognostic index for early differentiation between non/slowly progressive or transient forms of precocious puberty and rapidly progressive central precocious puberty.MethodsWe recruited consecutively 60 girls with precocious pubertal development. In all the girls we evaluated Tanner stage, basal and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH)‐stimulated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, estradiol (E2) levels, and bone age, and performed pelvis and breast ultrasound examinations. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify possible diagnostic factors for rapidly progressive central precocious puberty and non/slowly progressive or transient forms.ResultsUltrasound breast volume ≥ 0.85 cm3 was associated with rapidly progressive central precocious puberty (P = 0.01). Uterine volume ≥ 5 cm3, LH peak ≥ 7 IU/L, presence of an endometrial echo, E2 levels ≥ 50 pmol/L and bone age > 2 SD above expected were significantly associated with rapidly progressive central precocious puberty. A multivariate model including uterine volume, E2 level, bone age, presence of an endometrial echo and ultrasound breast volume revealed a strong ability to classify rapidly progressive forms. From this multivariate analysis a prognostic index for rapidly progressive central precocious puberty was defined.ConclusionsUltrasound imaging allows better definition of the breast and the maturation stage than does use of Tanner's stages. Ultrasound breast volume ≥ 0.85 cm3 is an independent predicting factor of rapidly progressive central precocious puberty. A prognostic index that was created from a multivariate model including uterine volume, E2 level, presence of an endometrial echo, bone age and ultrasonographically determined breast volume, may help in the early differentiation between rapidly progressive central precocious puberty and non/slowly progressive or transient forms. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbohydrate Restriction has a More Favorable Impact on the Metabolic Syndrome than a Low Fat Diet
Authors: Volek Jeff S. , Phinney Stephen D. , Forsythe Cassandra E. , Quann Erin E. , Wood Richard J. , Puglisi Michael J. , Kraemer William J. , Bibus Doug M. , Fernandez Maria Luz , Feinman Richard D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe recently proposed that the biological markers improved by carbohydrate restriction were precisely those that define the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and that the common thread was regulation of insulin as a control element. We specifically tested the idea with a 12‐week study comparing two hypocaloric diets (~1,500 kcal): a carbohydrate‐restricted diet (CRD) (%carbohydrate:fat:protein = 12:59:28) and a low‐fat diet (LFD) (56:24:20) in 40 subjects with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Both interventions led to improvements in several metabolic markers, but subjects following the CRD had consistently reduced glucose (−12%) and insulin (−50%) concentrations, insulin sensitivity (−55%), weight loss (−10%), decreased adiposity (−14%), and more favorable triacylglycerol (TAG) (−51%), HDL‐C (13%) and total cholesterol/HDL‐C ratio (−14%) responses. In addition to these markers for MetS, the CRD subjects showed more favorable responses to alternative indicators of cardiovascular risk: postprandial lipemia (−47%), the Apo B/Apo A‐1 ratio (−16%), and LDL particle distribution. Despite a threefold higher intake of dietary saturated fat during the CRD, saturated fatty acids in TAG and cholesteryl ester were significantly decreased, as was palmitoleic acid (16:1n‐7), an endogenous marker of lipogenesis, compared to subjects consuming the LFD. Serum retinol binding protein 4 has been linked to insulin‐resistant states, and only the CRD decreased this marker (−20%). The findings provide support for unifying the disparate markers of MetS and for the proposed intimate connection with dietary carbohydrate. The results support the use of dietary carbohydrate restriction as an effective approach to improve features of MetS and cardiovascular risk.
Maternal mortality due to cardiac disease in Sri Lanka
Authors: Haththotuwa Hasanthi R. , Attygalle Deepika , Jayatilleka Anoma C. , Karunaratna Vineetha , Thorne Sara A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate Sri Lankan maternal deaths due to heart disease and to consider low‐cost interventions to reduce these deaths.MethodsA qualitative study based on retrospective audit of all maternal deaths and late maternal deaths in Sri Lanka caused by cardiac disease in 2004.ResultsA total of 145 maternal deaths were recorded in 2004, for a maternal mortality rate of 38 per 100 000. There were 42 indirect deaths, 25 of which were due to cardiac disease; 23 deaths had a specific cardiac cause listed. Standard care was identified in prepregnancy counseling, contraception, and prenatal community and specialist care.ConclusionCardiac disease is a major cause of maternal mortality in Sri Lanka, second only to postpartum hemorrhage. Rheumatic mitral valve disease is responsible for more than a third of maternal deaths from cardiac disease. Substandard care was identified in all cases; strategies to improve care could allow a reduction in maternal cardiac deaths.
Study of plasma parameters in a staged pinch device using current-stepping technique
Authors: DEEBA FARAH , AHMED KAMALUDDIN , HASEEB MAHNAZ QADAR , MIRZA ARSHAD M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe implosion dynamics and fusion parameters of a high density D-T fibre plasma driven by Z-pinch with current stepping technique is investigated. Our numerical results demonstrate that a current-stepping technique reduces the minimum pinch radius, and as a result high density, high temperature plasma can be formed. Thus a staged pinch device with current-stepping technique can be used as an alternative approach to achieve fusion conditions with relatively small values of discharge current and with a long pulse duration.
Neurocognitive impairment in unaffected siblings of youth with bipolar disorder
Authors: Doyle A. E. , Wozniak J. , Wilens T. E. , Henin A. , Seidman L. J. , Petty C. , Fried R. , Gross L. M. , Faraone S. V. , Biederman J. 
Published: December 2008

BackgroundThere is growing evidence for the familiality of pediatric bipolar disorder (BPD) and its association with impairments on measures of processing speed, verbal learning and ‘executive’ functions. The current study investigated whether these neurocognitive impairments index the familial risk underlying the diagnosis.MethodSubjects were 170 youth with BPD (mean age 12.3 years), their 118 non-mood-disordered siblings and 79 non-mood-disordered controls. Groups were compared on a battery of neuropsychological tests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scales, the Stroop Color Word Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF), an auditory working memory Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and the California Verbal Learning Test – Children's Version (CVLT-C). Measures were factor analyzed for data reduction purposes. All analyses controlled for age, sex and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).ResultsPrincipal components analyses with a promax rotation yielded three factors reflecting: (1) processing speed/verbal learning, (2) working memory/interference control and (3) abstract problem solving. The CPT working memory measure with interference filtering demands (WM INT) was only administered to subjects aged ⩾12 years and was therefore analyzed separately. BPD youth showed impairments versus controls and unaffected relatives on all three factors and on the WM INT. Unaffected relatives exhibited impairments versus controls on the abstract problem-solving factor and the WM INT. They also showed a statistical trend (p=0.07) towards worse performance on the working memory/interference control factor.ConclusionsNeurocognitive impairments in executive functions may reflect the familial neurobiological risk mechanisms underlying pediatric BPD and may have utility as endophenotypes in molecular genetic studies of the condition.
Fibrils with parallel in-register structure constitute a major class of amyloid fibrils: molecular insights from electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Margittai Martin , Langen Ralf 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe deposition of amyloid- and amyloid-like fibrils is the main pathological hallmark of numerous protein misfolding diseases including Alzheimer's disease, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, and type 2 diabetes. Besides the well-established role in disease, recent work on a variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to humans suggests that amyloid fibrils can also convey biological functions. To better understand the molecular mechanisms by which amyloidogenic proteins misfold in disease or perform biological functions, structural information is essential. Although high-resolution structural analysis of amyloid fibrils has been challenging, a combination of biophysical approaches is beginning to unravel the various structural features of amyloid fibrils. Here we review these recent developments with particular emphasis on amyloid fibrils that have been studied using site-directed spin labeling and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. This approach has been used to define the precise location of fibril-forming core regions and identify local secondary structures within such core regions. Perhaps one of the most remarkable findings arrived at by site-directed spin labeling was that most fibrils that contain an extensive core region of ∼20 amino acids or more share a common parallel in-register arrangement of β strands. The preference for this arrangement can be explained on topological grounds and may be rationalized by the maximization of hydrophobic contact surface.
Math schemata and the origins of number representations
Authors: Carey Susan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe contrast Rips et al. draw between “bottom-up” and “top-down” approaches to understanding the origin of the capacity for representing natural number is a false dichotomy. Its plausibility depends upon the sketchiness of the authors' own proposal. At least some of the proposals they characterize as bottom-up are worked-out versions of the very top-down position they advocate. Finally, they deny that the structures that these putative bottom-up proposals consider to be sources of natural number are even precursors of concepts of natural number. This denial depends upon an idiosyncratic, and mistaken, idea of what a precursor is.
From magnitude to natural numbers: A developmental neurocognitive perspective
Authors: Kadosh Roi Cohen , Walsh Vincent 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn their target article, Rips et al. have presented the view that there is no necessary dependency between natural numbers and internal magnitude. However, they do not give enough weight to neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies. We provide evidence demonstrating that the acquisition of natural numbers depends on magnitude representation and that natural numbers develop from a general magnitude mechanism in the parietal lobes.
Neo-Fregeanism naturalized: The role of one-to-one correspondence in numerical cognition
Authors: Decock Lieven 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRips et al. argue that the construction of math schemas roughly similar to the Dedekind/Peano axioms may be necessary for arriving at arithmetical skills. However, they neglect the neo-Fregean alternative axiomatization of arithmetic, based on Hume's principle. Frege arithmetic is arguably a more plausible start for a top-down approach in the psychological study of mathematical cognition than Peano arithmetic.
Music training, engagement with sequence, and the development of the natural number concept in young learners
Authors: Gardiner Martin F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractStudies by Gardiner and colleagues connecting musical pitch and arithmetic learning support Rips et al.'s proposal that natural number concepts are constructed on a base of innate abilities. Our evidence suggests that innate ability concerning sequence (“Basic Sequencing Capability” or BSC) is fundamental. Mathematical engagement relating number to BSC does not develop automatically, but, rather, should be encouraged through teaching.
The role of the brain in the metaphorical mathematical cognition
Authors: Lakoff George 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRips et al. appear to discuss, and then dismiss with counterexamples, the brain-based theory of mathematical cognition given in Lakoff and Núñez (2000). Instead, they present another theory of their own that they correctly dismiss. Our theory is based on neural learning. Rips et al. misrepresent our theory as being directly about real-world experience and mappings directly from that experience.
The development of modeling or the modeling of development?
Authors: Rakison David H. , Lupyan Gary 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe agree with many theoretical points presented by Rogers & McClelland (R&M), especially the role of domain-general learning of coherent covariation. Nonetheless, we argue that in failing to be informed by key aspects of development, including the role of labels on categorization and the emergence of constraints on learning, their model fails to capture important features of the ontogeny of knowledge.
Action or inaction? Food and nutrition in Australian local governments
Authors: Yeatman Heather 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the current level of activity of Australian local governments in twenty-nine food and nutrition action areas and whether the level of activity had changed between 1995 and 2007.DesignA cross-sectional study utilising a postal survey was undertaken of all local governments in Australia. The same instrument and protocol were used in 1995 and 2007.SettingAustralian local governments.ResultsLocal governments in Australia continue to be engaged in food and nutrition activities. This involvement has constricted in range in the last 12 years but higher levels of engagement are reported for several areas. The levels of involvement of local governments in the different states varied significantly, with Victoria reporting higher levels of involvement in several areas, particularly in food and nutrition activities related to community services. Local governments in New South Wales and Western Australia reported significantly lower levels of involvement in food and nutrition activities. Several factors may have contributed to these differences, including availability of resources and support, mandatory requirements by state governments, different attitudes of General Managers and staff and availability of funds for special projects.ConclusionsIf Australian local governments are to be recognised and supported for their involvements in food and nutrition activities, more in-depth research is required to elucidate the factors that act as barriers or facilitate their on-going involvement in this important area. Support for local governments in rural areas to become or remain engaged in food matters should receive special consideration.