bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unexpected coil mass migration during transvenous embolization of a dural arteriovenous fistula resolved with guidewire-assisted snaring technique
Authors: Chihara Hideo , Maki Yoshinori , Hatano Taketo 
Published: April 2024

Endovascular embolization is a standard treatment for dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs). Although it is considered relatively safe, intraoperative and postoperative complications can occur. Herein, a rare case of unexpected coil mass migration requiring a retrieval procedure during sinus occlusion for a transverse-sigmoid sinus dAVF (TSdAVF) is described. An 83-year-old man presented with worsening decline in cognitive function. Magnetic resonance angiography showed a TSdAVF. Since his symptoms seemed to be a result of the TSdAVF, transvenous embolization preserving the normal cranial venous circulation was planned. During sinus occlusion, including embolization of the shunted pouch of the TSdAVF, unexpected migration of the coil mass to the confluence of the superior sagittal sinus and the transverse sinus occurred. The migrated coil mass impeded venous circulation in the superior sagittal sinus. Since the presence of the coil mass at the confluence could have had catastrophic sequelae, the coil mass was retrieved using a guidewire-assisted snaring technique. Sinus occlusion was subsequently completed with repositioning of the coil mass at the target site. The TSdAVF resolved, with no recurrence confirmed for 1 year. Clinicians should be aware that coil mass migration can unexpectedly occur during sinus occlusion performed for treatment of a TSdAVF. The guidewire-assisted snaring technique might be effective in resolving this intraoperative complication.
Revision Extension of Fusion Surgery in Thoracolumbar Spine Using a Newly Designed Revision Rod - Comparative Matched Cohort Study Versus Implant-Replacement Surgery
Authors: Youn Yung-Hun , Cho Kyu-Jung , Kim Jeong-Seok , Baek Hyeon , Hong Jin-Hyun 
Published: April 2024

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objective To compare the results of revision extension of fusion surgery using the newly designed revision rod and implant-replacement surgery in thoracolumbar spine. Methods Thirty-one patients who underwent extension of fusion surgery using the revision rod for adjacent segment disease were included in this study. Thirty-one patients who underwent implant-replacement revision surgery were selected as a control group by matching age, sex, preoperative diagnosis, and number of revision segments. Results The mean age was 70.7 ± 8.0 years in the revision rod (RR) group and 69.0 ± 8.4 years in the control group. Preoperative diagnoses, underlying diseases, and mean number of revision segments (2.2 ± 1.1) were similar in both groups. The change of hemoglobin (1.0 ± 1.9 vs 2.5 ± 1.5 g/dl; P < .01), hematocrit (4.1 ± 4.9 vs 7.2 ± 4.4 % P < .01) and albumin (.8 ± .9 vs 1.3 ± .4 g/dl; P < .01) levels before and after surgery showed significant differences between the two groups. Hemovac drainage was significantly less in the RR group ( P = .01). The mean operative time was shorter in the RR group (203.5 ± 9.5 min vs 233.5 ± 8.7 min; P = .12) with no statistical difference. Radiological results showed that the average lumbar lordosis 2 years after surgery was lower in the RR group compared to the control group (25.1 ± 9.9° vs 32.9 ± 9.8°; P = .02). Union rates and clinical outcomes were not different between the two groups. Conclusion Revision extension of fusion surgery using a newly designed revision rod had less hemovac drainage and superior laboratory findings compared to implant-replacement revision surgery.
Medical Students’ Perception of Telesimulation Training: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Khoury Jo-Ann , Assani Dourra , Vandette Marie-Pier , Denis-LeBlanc Manon , Burnier Isabelle , Fotsing Salomon 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES Over the past 2 decades, simulation-based learning has become an essential part of medical training. Simulated clinics have proven to be effective for training medical students. Even so, this learning method presents organizational and financial challenges that limit its dissemination to all medical students, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Simulated teleconsultation retains the advantages of interactive simulated clinics while offering concrete solutions to the challenges faced. The project aims to explore students’ perspectives on simulated teleconsultation training compared to simulated clinics in person. METHODS Ten pre-clerkship students in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ottawa participated in interviews following in-person and teleconsultation simulated clinic sessions. The interview guide was developed based on previous work. The questions asked concerned experience with teleconsultation, interaction with the tutor and patient, practical or logistical obstacles, educational value and feasibility. The authors evaluated the results using a thematic analysis. RESULTS The interview analysis showed that the tutor feedback received during the simulated teleconsultation was comparable to that received after the in-person simulated clinic. Although most of the students enjoy teleconsultation, they raised the challenge of carrying out physical examinations and creating a personal connection with the tutor/patient. CONCLUSION Given the circumstances of the pandemic and students’ comfort with technology, the new generation of medical students seems prepared to embrace teleconsultation. The themes identified in the analysis will enable the necessary adjustments to be made in order to optimize their teleconsultation training, an inextricable step in promoting the active offer of healthcare services.
Effects of PDE-3 inhibition in persistent post-traumatic headache: evidence of cAMP-dependent signaling
Authors: Al-Khazali Haidar M. , Christensen Rune H. , Chaudhry Basit Ali , Melchior Anna G. , Ashina Messoud , Burstein Rami , Ashina Håkan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE-3) inhibition have been implicated in the neurobiologic underpinnings of migraine. Considering the clinical similarities between migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache (PPTH), we aimed to ascertain whether PDE-3 inhibition can elicit migraine-like headache in persons with PPTH.

Methods
We tested cilostazol, which inhibits PDE-3, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover study involving persons with PPTH attributed to mild traumatic brain injury. The randomized participants were allocated to receive oral administration of either 200-mg cilostazol or placebo (calcium tablet) on two separate experiment days. The primary end point was the incidence of migraine-like headache during a 12-hour observation window post-ingestion. The secondary endpoint was the area under the curve (AUC) for reported headache intensity scores during the same observation window.

Results
Twenty-one persons underwent randomization and completed both experiment days. The mean participants’ age was 41.4 years, and most (n = 17) were females. During the 12-hour observation window, 14 (67%) of 21 participants developed migraine-like headache post-cilostazol, in contrast to three (14%) participants after placebo (P =.003). The headache intensity scores were higher post-cilostazol than after placebo (P <.001).

Conclusions
Our results provide novel evidence showing that PDE-3 inhibition can elicit migraine-like headache in persons with PPTH. Given that PDE-3 inhibition increases intracellular cAMP levels, our findings allude to the potential therapeutic value of targeting cAMP-dependent signaling pathways in the management of PPTH. Further investigations are imperative to substantiate these insights and delineate the importance of cAMP-dependent signaling pathways in the neurobiologic mechanisms underlying PPTH.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT05595993.
Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex-dependent endosomes to trans Golgi network retrograde trafficking is controlled by Rab4b
Authors: Gilleron Jérôme , Chafik Abderrahman , Lacas-Gervais Sandra , Tanti Jean-François , Cormont Mireille 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The trafficking of cargoes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network requires numerous sequential and coordinated steps. Cargoes are sorted into endosomal-derived carriers that are transported, tethered, and fused to the trans-Golgi network. The tethering step requires several complexes, including the Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex, whose localization at the trans-Golgi network is determined by the activity of small GTPases of the Arl and Rab family. However, how the Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex recognizes the endosome-derived carriers that will fuse with the trans-Golgi network is still unknown.

Methods
We studied the retrograde trafficking to the trans-Golgi network by using fluorescent cargoes in cells overexpressing Rab4b or after Rab4b knocked-down by small interfering RNA in combination with the downregulation of subunits of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex. We used immunofluorescence and image processing (Super Resolution Radial Fluctuation and 3D reconstruction) as well as biochemical approaches to characterize the consequences of these interventions on cargo carriers trafficking.

Results
We reported that the VPS52 subunit of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex is an effector of Rab4b. We found that overexpression of wild type or active Rab4b increased early endosomal to trans-Golgi network retrograde trafficking of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor in a Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex-dependent manner. Conversely, overexpression of an inactive Rab4b or Rab4b knockdown attenuated this trafficking. In the absence of Rab4b, the internalized cation-independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor did not have access to VPS52-labeled structures that look like endosomal subdomains and/or endosome-derived carriers, and whose subcellular distribution is Rab4b-independent. Consequently, the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor was blocked in early endosomes and no longer had access to the trans-Golgi network.

Conclusion
Our results support that Rab4b, by controlling the sorting of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor towards VPS52 microdomains, confers a directional specificity for cargo carriers en route to the trans-Golgi network. Given the importance of the endocytic recycling in cell homeostasis, disruption of the Rab4b/Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex-dependent step could have serious consequences in pathologies.
Green synthesis, characterization and applications of Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract mediated chromium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Fatima Easha , Arooj Iqra , Javeed Mehvish , Yin Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is attributable towards diverse applications in various fields, recently. In this research, we report simple and eco-friendly synthesis of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles using the fruit extract of Phyllanthus emblica as a reducing and capping agent. The absorbance peaks at 350 nm and 450 nm validated the nanoparticle formation in UV–visible spectrum. FTIR spectrum revealed the nature of functional groups. The crystalline properties of nanoparticles were ascertained by XRD analysis. EDX spectrum corroborated the elemental composition of nanoparticles in which chromium and oxygen constituted 68% of total weight. SEM images demonstrated agglomeration of nanoparticles resulting in the formation of large irregularly shaped flakes. Cr2O3 nanoparticles demonstrated excellent antimicrobial properties against 11 bacterial isolates and 1 fungal isolate. The largest inhibition zone (53 mm) was measured against A. baumannii while the smallest inhibition zone (26 mm) was recorded against S. aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were < 1 µg/ml for all microbes. However, the synthesized nanoparticles did not reveal synergism with any of the selected antibiotics (FICI values > 1). Nanoparticles possessed potent anti-biofilm powers with maximum (77%) inhibition of E. coli biofilms and minimum (45%) inhibition of S. enterica biofilms. Photocatalytic activity of Cr2O3 nanoparticles was evaluated to determine their efficacy in environmental bioremediation. Outcomes demonstrated degradation of methyl red (84%) but not of methylene blue dye. Furthermore, the Cr2O3 nanoparticles displayed considerable antioxidant (43%) as well as anti-inflammatory (44%) potentials. Hence, the present study accounts for the versatile applications of P. emblica-mediated Cr2O3 nanoparticles which could be pursued for future biomedical and environmental applications.
Graphical Abstract
Biomedical semantic text summarizer
Authors: Kirmani Mahira , Kour Gagandeep , Mohd Mudasir , Sheikh Nasrullah , Khan Dawood Ashraf , Maqbool Zahid , Wani Mohsin Altaf , Wani Abid Hussain 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Text summarization is a challenging problem in Natural Language Processing, which involves condensing the content of textual documents without losing their overall meaning and information content, In the domain of bio-medical research, summaries are critical for efficient data analysis and information retrieval. While several bio-medical text summarizers exist in the literature, they often miss out on an essential text aspect: text semantics.

Results
This paper proposes a novel extractive summarizer that preserves text semantics by utilizing bio-semantic models. We evaluate our approach using ROUGE on a standard dataset and compare it with three state-of-the-art summarizers. Our results show that our approach outperforms existing summarizers.

Conclusion
The usage of semantics can improve summarizer performance and lead to better summaries. Our summarizer has the potential to aid in efficient data analysis and information retrieval in the field of biomedical research.
Inference of genomic landscapes using ordered Hidden Markov Models with emission densities (oHMMed)
Authors: Vogl Claus , Karapetiants Mariia , Yıldırım Burçin , Kjartansdóttir Hrönn , Kosiol Carolin , Bergman Juraj , Majka Michal , Mikula Lynette Caitlin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Genomes are inherently inhomogeneous, with features such as base composition, recombination, gene density, and gene expression varying along chromosomes. Evolutionary, biological, and biomedical analyses aim to quantify this variation, account for it during inference procedures, and ultimately determine the causal processes behind it. Since sequential observations along chromosomes are not independent, it is unsurprising that autocorrelation patterns have been observed e.g., in human base composition. In this article, we develop a class of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) called oHMMed (ordered HMM with emission densities, the corresponding R package of the same name is available on CRAN): They identify the number of comparably homogeneous regions within autocorrelated observed sequences. These are modelled as discrete hidden states; the observed data points are realisations of continuous probability distributions with state-specific means that enable ordering of these distributions. The observed sequence is labelled according to the hidden states, permitting only neighbouring states that are also neighbours within the ordering of their associated distributions. The parameters that characterise these state-specific distributions are inferred.

Results
We apply our oHMMed algorithms to the proportion of G and C bases (modelled as a mixture of normal distributions) and the number of genes (modelled as a mixture of poisson-gamma distributions) in windows along the human, mouse, and fruit fly genomes. This results in a partitioning of the genomes into regions by statistically distinguishable averages of these features, and in a characterisation of their continuous patterns of variation. In regard to the genomic G and C proportion, this latter result distinguishes oHMMed from segmentation algorithms based in isochore or compositional domain theory. We further use oHMMed to conduct a detailed analysis of variation of chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) and epigenetic markers H3K27ac and H3K27me3 (modelled as a mixture of poisson-gamma distributions) along the human chromosome 1 and their correlations.

Conclusions
Our algorithms provide a biologically assumption free approach to characterising genomic landscapes shaped by continuous, autocorrelated patterns of variation. Despite this, the resulting genome segmentation enables extraction of compositionally distinct regions for further downstream analyses.
MetageNN: a memory-efficient neural network taxonomic classifier robust to sequencing errors and missing genomes
Authors: Peres da Silva Rafael , Suphavilai Chayaporn , Nagarajan Niranjan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
With the rapid increase in throughput of long-read sequencing technologies, recent studies have explored their potential for taxonomic classification by using alignment-based approaches to reduce the impact of higher sequencing error rates. While alignment-based methods are generally slower, k-mer-based taxonomic classifiers can overcome this limitation, potentially at the expense of lower sensitivity for strains and species that are not in the database.

Results
We present MetageNN, a memory-efficient long-read taxonomic classifier that is robust to sequencing errors and missing genomes. MetageNN is a neural network model that uses short k-mer profiles of sequences to reduce the impact of distribution shifts on error-prone long reads. Benchmarking MetageNN against other machine learning approaches for taxonomic classification (GeNet) showed substantial improvements with long-read data (20% improvement in F1 score). By utilizing nanopore sequencing data, MetageNN exhibits improved sensitivity in situations where the reference database is incomplete. It surpasses the alignment-based MetaMaps and MEGAN-LR, as well as the k-mer-based Kraken2 tools, with improvements of 100%, 36%, and 23% respectively at the read-level analysis. Notably, at the community level, MetageNN consistently demonstrated higher sensitivities than the previously mentioned tools. Furthermore, MetageNN requires < 1/4th of the database storage used by Kraken2, MEGAN-LR and MMseqs2 and is > 7× faster than MetaMaps and GeNet and > 2× faster than MEGAN-LR and MMseqs2.

Conclusion
This proof of concept work demonstrates the utility of machine-learning-based methods for taxonomic classification using long reads. MetageNN can be used on sequences not classified by conventional methods and offers an alternative approach for memory-efficient classifiers that can be optimized further.
Development of a smartphone screening test for preclinical Alzheimer’s disease and validation across the dementia continuum
Authors: Alty Jane , Goldberg Lynette R. , Roccati Eddy , Lawler Katherine , Bai Quan , Huang Guan , Bindoff Aidan D , Li Renjie , Wang Xinyi , St George Rebecca J. , Rudd Kaylee , Bartlett Larissa , Collins Jessica M. , Aiyede Mimieveshiofuo , Fernando Nadeeshani , Bhagwat Anju , Giffard Julia , Salmon Katharine , McDonald Scott , King Anna E. , Vickers James C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDementia prevalence is predicted to triple to 152 million globally by 2050. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) constitutes 70% of cases. There is an urgent need to identify individuals with preclinical AD, a 10–20-year period of progressive brain pathology without noticeable cognitive symptoms, for targeted risk reduction. Current tests of AD pathology are either too invasive, specialised or expensive for population-level assessments. Cognitive tests are normal in preclinical AD. Emerging evidence demonstrates that movement analysis is sensitive to AD across the disease continuum, including preclinical AD. Our new smartphone test, TapTalk, combines analysis of hand and speech-like movements to detect AD risk. This study aims to [1] determine which combinations of hand-speech movement data most accurately predict preclinical AD [2], determine usability, reliability, and validity of TapTalk in cognitively asymptomatic older adults and [3], prospectively validate TapTalk in older adults who have cognitive symptoms against cognitive tests and clinical diagnoses of Mild Cognitive Impairment and AD dementia.MethodsAim 1will be addressed in a cross-sectional study of at least 500 cognitively asymptomatic older adults who will complete computerised tests comprising measures of hand motor control (finger tapping) and oro-motor control (syllabic diadochokinesis). So far, 1382 adults, mean (SD) age 66.20 (7.65) years, range 50–92 (72.07% female) have been recruited. Motor measures will be compared to a blood-based AD biomarker, phosphorylated tau 181 to develop an algorithm that classifies preclinical AD risk.Aim 2comprises three sub-studies in cognitively asymptomatic adults: (i) a cross-sectional study of 30–40 adults to determine the validity of data collection from different types of smartphones, (ii) a prospective cohort study of 50–100 adults ≥ 50 years old to determine usability and test-retest reliability, and (iii) a prospective cohort study of ~1,000 adults ≥ 50 years old to validate against cognitive measures.Aim 3will be addressed in a cross-sectional study of ~200 participants with cognitive symptoms to validate TapTalk against Montreal Cognitive Assessment and interdisciplinary consensus diagnosis.DiscussionThis study will establish the precision of TapTalk to identify preclinical AD and estimate risk of cognitive decline. If accurate, this innovative smartphone app will enable low-cost, accessible screening of individuals for AD risk. This will have wide applications in public health initiatives and clinical trials.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06114914, 29 October 2023. Retrospectively registered.
Essential components of an educational program for implementing skin-to-skin contact for preterm infants in intensive care units: an integrative literature review
Authors: Denge Takalani T. , Bam Nokwanda Edith , Lubbe Welma , Rakhudu Annah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Globally, prematurity is the primary factor behind the mortality of children under the age of 5 years, resulting in approximately 1 million children dying annually. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends Skin-to-Skin Contact (SSC) as part of routine care for preterm infants. Evidence shows that SSC reduces mortality, possibly by improving thermoregulation, facilitating the earlier initiation of breastfeeding and reducing the risk of nosocomial infection. An educational program for implementing SSC has been demonstrated to enhance the knowledge and practice of parents and nurses in intensive care units. This study, the first of its kind in the North West Province (NWP), aims to identify the essential components of an educational program for implementing SSC for premature infants in intensive care units.

Objective
This paper presents an integrative literature review that critically synthesizes research-based literature on essential components of an educational program for implementing SSC for preterm infants in intensive care units.

Methods
A comprehensive search of electronic databases, such as CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition and Health Source-Consumer Edition, was conducted using different keywords and references lists from the bibliography.

Results
Twelve articles relevant to this review were identified, read and synthesized to answer the research question. Three essential components emerged from the findings of this review, namely (1) the necessity of policy and role players for implementing SSC, (2) the availability of education and training, and (3) counseling and support for parents of preterm infants.

Conclusions
The outcomes of this study have the potential to facilitate the implementation and expansion of SSC in intensive care units. This could aid program implementers, policymakers, and researchers to implement and scale up this important tool in intensive care units.