bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Back to the Future? Health Benefits, Organized Labor, and Universal Health Care
Authors: Gottschalk Marie 
Published: November 2007

The umbrella of employment-based health benefits is growing increasingly threadbare. As a result, health benefits are once again a major arena of labor-management strife, and once again calls for universal health care by many labor leaders mask important differences between them over health care reform. Some labor leaders advocate a bottom-up mobilization in support of a single-payer solution that would dismantle the system of job-based benefits rooted in private insurance. Others stake their health care strategy on wooing key business leaders to be constructive partners in some kind of unspecified comprehensive reform of the health system.Organized labor faces enormous obstacles, both institutional and ideological, to forging an effective united front to fight for comprehensive, high-quality, affordable health care for all. Two entrenched features of the shadow welfare state of job-based benefits, notably the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974 and the union-run health and welfare funds created under the Taft-Hartley Act, remain daunting barriers on the road to reform, exacerbating tensions and differences within organized labor. Moreover, a dramatic ideological schism in the labor movement about its future direction vexes its stance on health care reform. These ideological differences fuel vastly different views within organized labor about how best to confront the unraveling of job-based health benefits and the growing popularity among business leaders, insurers, and public officials of the “individual-mandate” solution, which would penalize people who do not have adequate health insurance.
Enumeration of Topology-Distinct Structures and Possible Stable Structures of Protonated Water Clusters, H3O+(H2O)n−1 (n≤5)
Authors: Jieli Maihemutijiang , Miyake Toshiko , Aida Misako 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A rooted digraph is regarded as a protonated water (PW) cluster, and a hydrogen bond (H-B) matrix can represent a rooted digraph. All possible topology-distinct patterns corresponding to PW clusters containing up to 8 water molecules were enumerated by using H-B matrices. From close investigation of the structural patterns obtained, we found several restrictions that should be satisfied for a structure of the PW clusters to be stable. The generated H-B matrices of the restrictive rooted digraph were used as the theoretical framework to obtain all the topology-distinct local minima of H3O+(H2O)n−1 (n≤5), at the level of MP2/6-31G∗∗ of ab initio MO method. For PW clusters up to tetramers, the local minimum structures that we generated are same as those in the literatures. For PW pentamers, we found some new local minimum structures, which had not been obtained previously.
High-Pressure Synthesis and Structures of New Barium Chromium Sulfides, BaCr4S7 and Ba2Cr5S10, with New Type Face-Sharing CrS6 Structure Units
Authors: Fukuoka Hiroshi , Miyaki Yuji , Yamanaka Shoji 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Two new ternary barium chromium sulfides, BaCr4S7 and Ba2Cr5S10, were synthesized by reactions of barium sulfide, sulfur, and chromium metal under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. Single crystals of BaCr4S7 were obtained from a starting mixture with a molar ratio of Ba:Cr:S = 2:5:10 after reacting at 1200 °C and under a pressure of 5 GPa. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21⁄c (No. 14) with a=6.739(4) Å, b=22.665(9) Å, c=5.907(3) Å, β=90.1(4)°, V=902.2(7) Å3, and Z=4. It contains CrS2 sheets composed of edge-sharing CrS6 octahedra. The sheets are connected by wall-shaped subunits composed of face-sharing CrS6 octahedra to form a tunnel structure. Ba atoms are situated in the tunnels. Single crystals of Ba2Cr5S10 were synthesized by heating a mixture with a molar ratio of Ba:Cr:S = 1:1:3 under a pressure of 5 GPa at 1200 °C. It crystallizes in the triclinic space groupa=5.940(4) Å, b=6.645(5) Å, c=17.39(2) Å, α=95.19(3)°, β=91.67(3)°, γ=90.16(2)°, V=683.1(9) Å3, and Z=2. The structure is composed of CrS2 sheets and the wall-shaped subunits, like as in BaCr4S7, but the subunits do not connect the adjacent CrS2 sheets. It has a two-dimensional structure, and Ba atoms are situated in interlayer regions.(No. 2) with
The Effect of Esterifying Chains at the 17-Propionate of Bacteriochlorophylls-c on Their Self-Assembly
Authors: Mizoguchi Tadashi , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Bacteriochlorophyll(BChl)-c analogs having several esterifying chains at their 17-propionate were synthesized by two procedures. BChls-c with shorter chains (C1 and C4) on the 17-substituent were synthesized by transesterification under mild basic conditions, while those with longer chains (C8 and C16) were obtained by the method of supplementation of exogenous alcohols in the cultures of Chlorobium tepidum. All the BChl-c analogs self-organized to form their micelle-like aggregates in an aqueous solution containing Triton X-100 as a surfactant. To investigate the effect of the length of the esterifying chains, these micelle-like aggregates were characterized by electronic absorption, resonance Raman and dynamic light scattering measurements, and by chemical dissociation of the aggregates. The results indicated that the length of the esterifying chains affected stabilization of the self-assembly of BChls-c but neither construction of the aggregates nor their overall sizes.
GYPSY Site Policy: a failure of both carrot and stick
Authors: Hawes Derek 
Published: November 2007

For 18 years it has been national policy to provide adequate sites for gypsies and other travellers; local authorities are under a specific duty to make sites available, and yet there are still at least 3,500 families without a legal stopping place. This article discusses the causes of the failure of implementation, and the nature of the ‘designation’ policy as a means of achieving more sites.
It is suggested that in undertaking a ‘modest review’ of the present position the Minister should make some specific modifications to current policy and also re-examine the underlying philosophies implicit in the 1968 Caravan Sites Act and in new proposals for the education of the children of travelling families.
Law enforcement interventions in the Netherlands: mapping interventions and ‘browsing’ for evidence
Authors: Kleemans Edward , Haarhuis Carolien Klein , Leeuw Frans , Ooyen-Houben Marianne van 
Published: November 2007

English
This article provides an analysis of a cross-section of 31 evaluations in one policy field in one country during a period of two years. It offers a national profile of an evaluation effort in law enforcement and demonstrates that this cross-section diverges widely from the typical interventions evaluated under the auspices of the Campbell Collaboration. The article elaborates on an alternative methodology for assessing such evaluation studies: mapping interventions and theory-driven ‘browsing’ for evidence. It shows that most interventions are not directly aimed at individuals or clients, who may be treated in different ways, but at institutional actors, organisations or the entire law enforcement chain. Three intervention strategies are described and assessed: developing and implementing ‘new projects’; streamlining the law enforcement chain; and developing and implementing new (or amended) laws and regulations. Many working mechanisms underlying these strategies refer to behaviour inside bureaucracy, which goes beyond mere ‘implementation’. The article demonstrates that the alternative methodology is quite ‘practical’ for synthesising evaluation research on such interventions.
Gender and access to healthcare in the UK: a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature
Authors: Annandale Ellen , Harvey Janet , Cavers Debbie , Dixon-Woods Mary 
Published: November 2007

English
Because gender traditionally has been perceived as the preserve of women, gendercomparative research in access to healthcare has been rare. We report a critical interpretive synthesis of the relevant literature, and present the outline of a theoretically grounded framework for understanding gender issues in access to healthcare in the UK. Our synthesis indicates access appears often to be relative, variable and contingent upon many factors and circumstances, one of which is gender. Locating our analysis in the context of the new statutory Gender Equality Duty, we conclude that gender equality in healthcare is best fostered through what we term ‘critical gender awareness’.
Nanogold Catalysis–Based Immunoresonance-Scattering Spectral Assay for Trace Complement Component 3
Authors: Jiang Zhiliang , Huang Wenxing , Li Jiangping , Li Mingshun , Liang Aihui , Zhang Shengsen , Chen Bing 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Background: Complement component 3 (C3) is an essential bridge linking innate immunity and adaptive immunity. We describe an immunonanogold catalytic resonance-scattering (RS) technique for assaying C3 in serum.
Methods: We used nanogold to label goat antihuman C3 antibody to obtain an immunonanogold RS probe for C3. The immune reaction between nanogold-labeled antibodies and antigens was carried out in Na2HPO4–sodium citrate buffer, pH 5.6, containing polyethylene glycol. After centrifuging the particle suspension, we used RS to monitor the catalytic effect of nanogold-labeled anti-C3 in the supernatant on the chlorauric acid–hydroxylamine (HAuCl4–NH2OH) particle reaction and used electron microscopy to monitor particle shape. We assayed 36 human serum samples with the immunonanogold catalytic RS assay and immunoturbidimetry.
Results: Nanogold-labeled anti-C3 had a marked catalytic effect on the reaction of HAuCl4 and NH2OH to form particles, which exhibit a maximum RS peak at 585 nm. The decrease in RS intensity, ΔIRS, of the nanocatalytic system was proportional to C3 concentration from 5.0 to 160.0 ng/L. The detection limit for the C3 assay was 1.52 ng/L. Results obtained with serum samples agreed with those obtained with an immunoturbidimetric method. A linear regression analysis of 28 nonpathologic serum samples revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.960, with mean (SD) slope and intercept values of 0.787 (0.0218) g/L and 0.28 (0.026) g/L C3, respectively.
Conclusion: The immunonanogold catalytic RS assay showed high sensitivity and good selectivity for measuring C3 in human serum. This method may become useful for diagnosing certain diseases, such as hepatitis.
Effects of Induced Abortion on the Third Stage of Labor in Subsequent Pregnancy
Authors: Grinsted Lotte , Grinsted Jörgen 
Published: November 2007

The aim of the study was to investigate whether the expulsion of the placenta was delayed among women who had previously undergone induced abortion by suction curettage.We studied the duration of the third stage of labor retrospectively by comparing the third stage of labor, recorded in minutes, between 76 second gravida women with previously induced abortions and 95 second para women with previously uncomplicated pregnancies. The duration of the third stage of labor was also compared among a group of primigravidas and a group of second gravidas with previously induced abortions.We excluded women with previous gynecological disorders (e.g. resulting in curettage of the uterine cavity). All patients included presented normal pregnancies and deliveries resulting in full term (>37 weeks), liveborn infants. By the statistical analysis (analysis of variance and Duncan's test), it could be shown that the 3rd stage of labor lasted significantly longer among women with previously induced abortions (mean: I2 minutes), than among the other groups included in the study (mean: 9 minutes). This discrete difference in length of the third stage of labor need not indicate an altered routine for women, who give birth subsequent to an induced abortion.
Incarcerated Hernia Following Laparoscopy
Authors: Högdall Claus , Roosen Jens Ulrik 
Published: November 2007

Well known complications of laparoscopy are bleeding, infection, subcutaneous emphysema, and penetration of the viscera (3).Herniation of the small bowel through the fascial defect created at laparoscopy is a rare complication. Unique features of the present report are that symptoms began within hours of laparoscopy, and that bowel perforation occurred.
Breech Delivery
Authors: øian Pål , Skråmm Inge , Hannisdal Einar , Bjøro Knut 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFivehundred and eighty consecutive breech births during the period 1972–79 were analvsed for factors associated with neonatal mortality. The overall neonatal mortality in breech deliveries in this series of cases was 4.1%. Multivariate analyses (logistic regression) selected only 4 of 56 variables tested as significant (p > 0.05) risk factors for neonatal death. The overall most important risk factor was low birth weight (p > 0.0001). In addition, diabetes in the mother, malformations, and Apgar score 5 min > 7 increased the risk of neonatal death. Cesarean section was carried out in 8.1% during the period 1972–75, but increased to 32.6% from 1976‐79 without any reduction in neonatal mortality. Neonatal mortality figures were not significantly improved for infant delivered by cesarean section compared with those born vaginally.
Twin Pregnancy and the Effects of Prophylactic Leave of Absence on Pregnancy Duration and Birth Weight
Authors: Rydhström Håkan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of taking prophylactic leave of absence from work during a twin pregnancy. Pregnancy outcome for 78 women who were prescribed prophylactic leave of absence from work to prevent preterm delivery was compared with a group of 78 twin‐pregnant controls who did not take prophylactic leave. Gestational duration and birth weight did not differ between the two groups. The results indicate that prophylactic leave of absence from work did not improve the outcome of a twin pregnancy.
Cystic Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary
Authors: Spaun E. , Glavind K. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract. Sex cord‐stromal tumors comprise approximately 5% of ovarian neoplasms and among these the granulosa cell tumor is the one most commonly seen (1).Two histopathologically well defined patterns of granulosa cell tumor are known: the common adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT), and the less frequent juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) (1,2,3,4).In addition to morphological variation, the two tumor types differ in prognosis and clinical course (4,5,6,7,8).
Single‐Dose Oral Fluconazole Versus Single‐Dose Topical Miconazole for the Treatment of Acute Vulvovaginal Candidosis
Authors: van Heusden Arne M. , Merkus Hans M.W.M. , Corbeij Ruud S.A.C.M. , Oosterbaan Herman P. , Stoot Jan E.G.M. , Ubachs Hans M.H. , Verhoeff Arie 
Published: November 2007

Objectives: To compare efficacy, safety and patient preference of a single oral dose of 150 mg fluconazole with a single intravaginal dose of 1200 mg miconazole in vaginal candidosis. To investigate the effect of treatment on Candida colonization of throat and rectum.Design: Double‐blind, double‐dummy, parallel, randomized trial. Ninety‐nine patients with symptomatic and mycologically verified candidosis were given 150 mg fluconazole with an intravaginal dummy, or 1200 mg miconazole with an oral dummy. Patients with an inadequate short‐term response were given a second dose.Results: At each visit a patient self assessment and an invesigators’ global assess‐ ment were recorded, and cultures were set up. Adverse events were recorded and laboratory tests were performed. Clinical cure or improvement (investigators’ assessment) was obtained in 100% (short‐term) and 95% (long term) of the fluconazole group and in 94% and 90%. respectively, of the miconazole group.Patients considered the treatment excellent or good in 81 % (short‐term) and 88% (long‐term) in the fluconazole group and in 84% and 76%, respectively, of the miconazole group.Mycological cure was achieved in 98% (short‐term) and 73% (long‐term) of the fluconazole group and in 96% and 82% respectively in the miconazole group. The differences in results were not significant.Both treatments significantly reduced the number of positive rectal cultures; neither treatment had a significant effect on throat cultures. Four percent of the patients preferred intravaginal therapy.Conclusion: A single dose fluconazole is as safe and effective as a single dose of miconazole.
Venous Muscle Pump Function During Pregnancy: Assessment by Ambulatory Strain‐gauge Plethysmography
Authors: Struckmann Jan R. , Meiland Hanne , Bagi Per , Juul‐Jørgensen Birgit 
Published: November 2007

The venous muscle pump function was quantitatively assessed through pregnancy weeks 16, 30, 38 and 3 months (week 53) following delivery, in 24 pregnant women who completed a normal pregnancy. A statistically significant increase was found in the mean venous reflux (P<0 01), which was restored to initial values postpartum. Expelled calf volume remained stable throughout pregnancy but increased following delivery. Venous outflow from the legs was significantly reduced in the third trimester. Subjective symptoms of venous insufficiency increased trough pregnancy, but, these symptoms had virtually disappeared post partum, corresponding to the muscle pump normalization. No statistical correlation was found between venous muscle pump values and changes in hormone concentrations of estradiol, estriol and progesterone. It is suggested that venous insufficiency development in pregnancy is caused primarily by mechanical obstruction, or hormonal influence other than that of etradiol, estriol or progesterone.17% (4.7–37%) of the women with a normal pregnancy developed a pathological venous muscle pump function.
Can Pregnancy‐Associated Plasma Protein A (Papp‐A) Predict the Outcome of Pregnancy in Women with Threatened Abortion and Confirmed Fetal Viability?
Authors: Ruge Susanne , Pedersen Jan Fog , SøSrensen Steen , Lange Aksel P. 
Published: November 2007

Depressed pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) concentrations have been found in patients with threatened abortion, often weeks before spontaneous abortion while the fetus was still alive. In order to extend these findings we have developed a highly sensitive PAPP‐A radio‐immunoassay and have established a reference range in early pregnancy for PAPP‐A between week 7 and week 20 of pregnancy, based on blood samples from 240 pregnant women. The gestational age was determined by ultrasound.PAPP‐A was measured in 128 women admitted to hospital because of vaginal bleeding in the 7th to 20th gestational week. The viability of the fetus was confirmed by ultrasonography. The serum values of PAPP‐A were significantly lower (p = 0.002) in the group of women with vaginal bleeding than in the group of normally pregnant women. However, with regard to abortion later on, the predictive value of an abnormal blood test on admission was only 18.7%. Serial determinations showed increased PAPP‐A values corresponding to the centile expected in the 12 women who aborted, as well as in the 116 women who gave birth. Consequently, the test is of no clinical value in the assessment of the prognosis in patients with symptoms of threatened abortion.
A circadian variation in the observed duration of labor
Authors: Backe Bjørn 
Published: November 2007

The distribution of the duration of labor during the day was analyzed.Material A one‐year material consisting of 1,881 deliveries at the Department of Obstetrics, Regional Hospital of Trondheim, Norway. Only singleton pregnancies with spontaneous onset of contractions and intended vaginal delivery were included. Duration of labor was routinely recorded by the midwife.Methods Stepwise multiple regression. Logarithmic transformation of the dependant variable (duration measured in hours) was applied. Parity (0/1±) and hour of birth were the independent variables.This reflects a clustering of cases with longer duration of labor, unfavourable progress and less good prognosis during the latter half of the day, which has practical implications for the obstetrical staff. This may explain the similiar circadian pattern in perinatal mortality which has been repeatedly documented, the etiology of which has remained enigmatic.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk for myocardial infarction: Evaluated from a risk factor model based on a prospective population study of women
Authors: Dahlgren E. , Janson P. O. , Johansson S. , Lapidus L. , Odén A. 
Published: November 2007

In order to estimate whether women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of developing myocardial infdrction, a risk factor model was applied on 33 women with PCOS and 132 age matched referents.The risk factor model was established from independent risk factors for myocardial infarction in a prospective population study of 1462 women in Goteborg, Sweden. The independent risk factors were age. manifest hypertension, manifest diabetes mellitus, central obesity measured as increased waist to hip circumference ratio and serum trigly‐ceride concentration.A considerably increased risk (relative risk of 7.4) of developing myocardial infarction was observed for women with PCOS compared to age‐matched referents.Since the risk factors include variables correlated to obesity, the results indicate that advice on dietary restriction is an important part of the treatment once the diagnosis is established.
Women's evaluation of three early abortion methods
Authors: Holmgren Kristina 
Published: November 2007

Today several very early abortion methods are available; effective and safe, medical as well as surgical. The aim of the present study is to estimate women's attitudes towards three early abortion methods, to see if one or several of these methods are preferable ‐ or best avoided ‐ for psychological reasons, and to assess if women of a certain social or psychological background would benefit from a specific abortion method. Three groups of women were interviewed two weeks after a first trimester abortion; 1/43 women having an ‘ordinary abortion’ with preoperative ripening of the cervix followed by a vacuum aspiration under heavy sedation, 2/40 women having a modified Karman exeresis with a paracervical block, 3/45 women having a medical abortion with RU 486 and prostaglandin.There was a noticeable difference in the effect the three abortion methods had on the women taking part in the study. Women with a medical abortion reported more bleeding and somewhat more pain and moral considerations than the other women, but also a relief to be spared a surgical procedure. Most of the women said they preferred the abortion method they had just experienced. A short waiting time appeared to be more important than whether a surgical or a medical method was used. Which abortion method is the best in each case is dependent on a variety of personal reasons, and can only be decided by each woman, in consultation with her doctor.
Maximal electrical stimulation of patients with frequency, urgency and urge incontinence: Report of 38 cases
Authors: Zöllner‐Nielsen M. , Samuelsson S. M. 
Published: November 2007

Thirty‐eight consecutive female patients with frequency, urgency or urge incontinence were treated with maximal electrical pelvic floor stimulation. Diagnostic cystometry was performed in 34 cases. Detrusor instability was found in 13 patients, sensory urgency in 13 and hyperreflexia in eight cases.The effect of the treatment was evaluated by subjective assessment and micturition charts filled in for 48 hours.63% were cured or improved. The success rate was the same among elderly and younger patients. Detrusor instability and hyperreflexia improved in about 75% of the cases. A good correlation was found between the subjective assessment and the micturition chart recordings.Maximal electrical stimulation has a good effect on certain types of lower urinary tract dysfunction with few side‐effects. It is well tolerated even by elderly patients.