bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon‐Integrated Perovskite Photonic Laser Based on Bound States in Continuum
Authors: Gu Zhiyuan , Gu Hao , Zhang Nan , Jiang Sen , Wang Gang , Mao Yulin , Liao Jinfeng , Yang Shengchun , Liang Chao , Xing Guichuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOn‐chip light sources are essential in modern technology, serving a broad range of applications, from sensing to display and communication. Lead halide perovskites, a new class of ionic semiconductors with excellent optical and optoelectronic properties, as well as solution processability, hold great potential in achieving coherent light sources. Compared to costly III‐V‐based compound semiconductor on‐chip lasers with threading dislocation, perovskite with high defect‐tolerance offers decisive advantages for flexible, cost‐effective, and massive deposition on arbitrary substrates. Despite the success of numerous perovskite lasers, true on‐chip integration, i.e., monolithic integration on silicon platforms, remains very little explored. Physically, light confinement by perovskite structures on silicon is unlikely due to substantial energy leakage into the silicon substrate. Herein, to address this bottleneck, the study presents the experimental realization of perovskite microlasers on silicon chips operating at visible and near‐infrared frequencies, utilizing bound states in the continuum (BICs) to suppress intrinsic light leakage. Using a top‐down focused ion beam nanofabrication technique, perovskite microdisks are fabricated with ultrasmooth sidewalls. A high laser quality factor of 4850 is observed at a wavelength of approximately 822 nm. The simple but rational integration solutions proposed here pave the way for the dense incorporation of perovskite laser sources into on‐chip photonic circuits, supporting the development of perovskite nanophotonics and their integration with microelectronic platforms.
Efficient PET Depolymerization Using Cost‐Effective Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal‐Based Salts for High Monomer Yield
Authors: Barman Samir , Theravalappil Rajesh , Maity Niladri , EA Jaseer , Garcia Nestor , Musa Abdulrahman 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCatalytic glycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into its monomer, bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), is a major focus of chemical research in recent decades. Metal catalysts, especially heavy metal salts, are recognized for their efficiency in degrading this widely used thermoplastic. However, concerns over the non‐biodegradable and toxic nature of heavy metal catalysts like Zn and Pb salts, along with their limited selectivity, have led researchers to seek alternative, more environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective catalysts. This study explores alternatives such as lithium, sodium, and calcium acetate/formates, demonstrating that selected benign metal salts not only accelerate PET degradation but can also surpass traditional heavy metal acetate catalysts (e.g., Zn acetate) in terms of activity and BHET yield. More importantly, complete PET conversion is achieved within 3 h at ≈188 °C, with excellent BHET yield. The catalytic reactions using lithium and calcium acetate show a superior initial reaction rate under optimized conditions.
Multimodal Polymeric Crosslinker Capable of Dual Crosslinking for Enhanced Cohesion, Adhesion, and Debonding of Waterborne Acrylic Adhesives
Authors: Yu Seoyoon , Cha Chaenyung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWaterborne acrylic adhesives, despite their widespread usage, often suffer from insufficient cohesive and adhesive properties, especially compared to solvent adhesives. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of waterborne adhesives, it is important to enhance and control these properties in a refined manner. For this purpose, herein presents a polymeric crosslinker presenting a variable number of methacrylic groups intended to control the degree of crosslinking. Polysuccinimide (PSI), which consists of a series of succinimidyl rings, is conveniently modified with methacrylic functional groups by ring‐opening nucleophilic reaction to develop methacrylic PSI (“MA‐PSI”). The cohesion and adhesion of MA‐PSI crosslinked adhesive is comprehensively controlled by both concentration and degree of methacrylic substitution (DSMA) of MA‐PSI. Moreover, the dual crosslinking, accomplished by the successive application of thermal‐ and photo‐crosslinking, further increases the cohesion to the extent that significantly reduces the adhesion strength, which is ideal for debonding applications. Overall, the multimodal MA‐PSI is a versatile crosslinker allowing broad controllability of cohesion and adhesion as well as imparting debonding capability.
Usefulness of Dorsal Scapular Artery Perforator Flap for Donor Site Closure After Harvesting Latissimus Dorsi Flap/Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flap: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Park Se Yeon , Lee Kyeong‐Tae 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTReducing donor‐site morbidity is crucial in free‐flap reconstruction, with the primary goals of achieving dermis‐to‐dermis closure and avoiding skin grafts. Although latissimus dorsi (LD) myocutaneous and thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flaps usually allow primary closure, larger flap harvests may require skin grafts, potentially leading to undesirable outcomes. In such situations, local flap transfer can be considered for donor‐site closure, yet there are few reports on this. This report aims to present cases where a dorsal scapular artery perforator (DSAP) rotational flap was used to close donor defects following large TDAP/LD flap harvests. The first case involved a 16‐year‐old girl who required a below‐knee amputation due to an acute thrombotic event, leaving a 20 × 20 cm2‐sized stump defect. Bilateral LD myocutaneous flaps were harvested, with the right donor site closed primarily, while a 20 × 9 cm2‐sized defect remained on the left. A 22 × 9 cm2‐sized DSAP flap, based on three perforators, was rotated to close the defect, showing excellent outcomes at 12 months. In the second and third cases, 75‐ and 78‐year‐old male patients with scalp angiosarcoma underwent wide excision and reconstruction with TDAP flaps, leaving 14 × 6 cm2 and 14 × 7 cm2‐sized donor defects. DSAP flaps, 15 × 7 cm2 and 15 × 8 cm2 in size, were rotated based on nearby perforators to close these areas. Both patients showed no morbidities at postoperative 8 and 2 months, respectively. When primary closure of the donor site is challenging after harvesting large TDAP /LD flaps, a DSAP rotational flap can provide a valuable option for minimizing donor‐site morbidity.
Identification and Biological Characterization of a Novel NRF2 Activator Molecule Released From the Membranes of Heat‐Treated Bifidobacterium breve NCC 2950
Authors: Foata Francis , Duboux Stéphane , Herzig Sébastien , Sizzano Federico , Thevenet Jonathan , Guy Philippe , Rezzi Serge , Métairon Sylviane , Bourqui Bertrand , Montoliu Ivan , Mercenier Annick , Bosco Nabil 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPostbiotics are defined as a “preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host”. They represent an attractive alternative to probiotics as they could be used in a broader range of applications, where probiotic stability is limiting. To date knowledge on the mechanism of action of inanimate microorganisms is relatively scarce. In this study, we investigated the impact of heat treatment on NRF2 activation by several candidate probiotic strains from the Nestlé Culture Collection (NCC), including species encompassed in the Bifidobacterium genus and the Lactobacillaceae family. We identified an NRF2‐activating bioactive molecule, 4‐oxo‐2‐pentenoic acid (OPA), specifically released during heat treatment of Bifidobacterium breve NCC 2950. We explored cellular pathways that can be modulated by OPA, such as antiinflammatory signals and organismal defense against oxidative stress in zebrafish in vivo. We identified a new B. breve NCC 2950‐derived postbiotic that, based on the mode of action, may have important applications for nutritional strategies to benefit human health.
Performance Investigation of Hybrid Optical Modulation Techniques for Efficient Utilization of Bandwidth in the Scenario of DWDM Based Optical Fiber Communication System
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Kaler Rajinder S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe present work deals with the performance investigation of bandwidth‐efficient optical fiber communication systems. In this paper, novel 2‐D orthogonal hybrid optical modulation techniques are proposed. In the proposed fiber optic communication system for dense wavelength‐division multiplexing (DWDM), optical modulation techniques minimum shift keying (MSK) and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) are simultaneously modulated at 100 GHz channel spacing with a minimum utilization bandwidth of 4.3 THz. The results show a significant advantage in using the proposed hybrid optical modulation techniques in offering high bandwidth optical signal‐to‐noise ratio with an acceptable quality factor.
Absorbed dose differences between twin fetuses for pregnancy patients in CT examinations
Authors: Qu Shuiyin , Jia Haoran , Zaidi Habib , Xie Tianwu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundEstimation of the radiation dose to the fetus is essential for the assessment of radiation risks and benefits to pregnant patients undergoing radiological examinations. During the past decade, the global twinning rate has soared resulting from embryo assistance and increased delivery age. However, to the best of our knowledge, radiation dosimetry in multiple pregnancies from radiological imaging has never been reported before.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop personalized computational models for twin fetuses based on clinical CT images of real pregnant patients and to estimate personalized radiation doses for twin fetuses from abdominal/pelvic CT examinations.MethodsPersonalized computational phantoms representing pregnant females with twins at the second and third trimesters were constructed based on CT images of two pregnant patients. Monte Carlo calculations were performed using the MCNP transport code and three validated CT scanners to estimate the radiation dose of twin fetuses during abdominal and pelvic CT examinations.ResultsThe absorbed fetal organ dose was calculated and compared between twins. For the same patient, the absolute difference in fetal organ dose between twins varies between 0.63% and 39.64% with an average value of 12.85%. The estimated total‐body dose differences for twin fetuses were 11.55% and 7.51%, respectively, for pregnant patients at 22 and 30 weeks gestational age.ConclusionThe variations of body weight and organ mass affect the absorbed dose of twin fetuses. Personalized computational models provide more accurate fetal radiation dosimetry estimates for pregnant patients with twins. This work also contributes to a better understanding of model‐induced uncertainties in external radiation dosimetry for the developing fetus.
Beam collimation and filtration optimization for a novel orthovoltage radiotherapy system
Authors: Clements Nathan , Masella Olivia , Krim Deae‐Eddine , Braun Lane , Bazalova‐Carter Magdalena 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe inaccessibility of clinical linear accelerators in low‐ and middle‐income countries creates a need for low‐cost alternatives. Kilovoltage (kV) x‐ray tubes have shown promise as a source that could meet this need. However, performing radiotherapy with a kV x‐ray tube has numerous difficulties, including high skin dose, rapid dose fall‐off, and low dose rates. These limitations create a need for highly effective beam collimation and filtration.PurposeTo improve the treatment potential of a novel kV x‐ray system by optimizing an iris collimator and beam filtration using Bayesian techniques and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.MethodsThe Kilovoltage Optimized AcceLerated Adaptive therapy system's current beam configuration consists of a 225 kVp x‐ray tube, a 12‐leaflet tungsten iris collimator, and a 0.1 mm copper filter. A Bayesian optimization was performed for the large and small focal spot sizes of the kV x‐ray tube source at 220 kVp using TopasOpt, an open‐source library for optimization in TOPAS. Collimator thickness, copper filter thickness, source‐to‐collimator distance (SCD), and source‐to‐surface distance (SSD) were the variables considered in the optimization. The objective function was designed to maximize the dose rate and the dose at a depth of 5 cm while minimizing the beam penumbra width and the out‐of‐field dose (OFD), all evaluated in a water phantom. Post‐optimization, the optimal beam configuration was simulated and compared to the existing configuration.ResultsThe optimal collimation setup consisted of 2.5 mm thick tungsten leaflets for the iris collimator and a 350 mm SSD for both focal spot sizes. The optimal copper filtration was 0.22 mm for the large focal spot and 0.15 mm for the small focal spot, with a SCD of 148.5 mm for the large focal spot and 125.8 mm for the small focal spot. For the large focal spot, the surface dose rate decreased by 9.4%, while the PDD at 5cm depth () increased by 7.7% compared to the existing iris collimator. Additionally, the surface beam penumbra width was reduced by 31.3%, and no significant changes in the OFD were observed. For the small focal spot, the surface dose rate for the new collimator increased by 3.7% and the increased by 5.3%, with no statistically significant changes in the beam penumbra width or OFD.ConclusionThe optimal beam collimation and filtration for both x‐ray tube focal spot sizes of a kV radiotherapy system was determined using Bayesian optimization and MC simulations and resulted in improved dose distributions.
A New Method to Assess the Possibility of Brittle Failure of Rock Induced by Deep Excavations
Authors: Milan Lorenzo , Barbero Monica , Borri‐Brunetto Mauro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSpalling and rockburst are severe criticalities that can emerge while excavating deep tunnels in rock masses under heavy natural stress states. Here, rock brittle failure can induce massive releases of the energy stored during the excavation and dangerous projections of rock blocks into the opening. The prediction of rock brittle failure is therefore crucial and, for this purpose, different empirical brittleness indexes have been proposed in the past. However, many of them provide predictions that is often not consistent and/or truthful, as they do not consider the stress and energy variations induced in the rock mass by the excavation. This paper presents an innovative method to distinguish between ductile and brittle failure of rock around deep tunnels. The method is based on two mechanical models of rock damage that were formulated to describe brittle and ductile failure mechanisms within the rock mass, as induced by the stress release during the excavation. These models are integrated into the definition of a new brittleness index, named tunnel brittleness index (TBI). TBI quantifies the outcome of the competition between the two failure mechanisms, estimating the susceptibility of the rock mass to brittle failure. The effectiveness and the application of TBI are shown with reference to a real case study. Specifically, TBI appears as a promising and useful tool for engineers dealing with deep tunnel projects that may be employed for predicting brittle collapses in the early stages of the design, which would be crucial in the preliminary choice of excavation techniques and machinery, and the support systems.
Network Security Threats and Defense Mechanisms for 6G Multi‐Virtual Network Scenarios
Authors: Zhou Yu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe introduction of 6G networks presents substantial challenges for network security, particularly in multi‐virtual network topologies. The combination of network function virtualization (NFV) and software‐defined networking (SDN) in 6G is designed to increase scalability and flexibility; nevertheless, these advances complicate network security management. The goal is to identify risks to network security and develop defense solutions for 6G multi‐virtual network situations. SDN's virtualized network functions (VNFs) are utilized to provide stateful firewall services that provide scalable and dynamic threat prevention. The SDN controller is critical in developing a set of rules to prevent risky network connectivity and decrease possible risks. 6G multi‐virtual network domains—attacking threats that involve different socket addresses so complex that usually applicable protection measures hardly tackle that scenario, machine learning (ML) algorithms, and Intelligent Osprey Optimized Versatile Random Forest (IOO‐VRF) model—have been proposed for potentially harmful connection detection and predicting cyber threats accessing the network. Multiple open‐access sources can be exploited to gather diverse data for collecting valuable information on studying network traffic and cyber threats. The experimental results indicate that IOO‐VRF achieved prediction accuracy comparable to that of other traditional algorithms. The proposed model is assessed on various types of metrics, including accuracy (98%), precision (97.4%), recall (94%), and F1‐score (93%). The results emphasized the importance of ML in combination with SDN and NFV for security in the case of resilient, expandable, and flexible security measures for future multi‐virtual 6G network communications networks.
Innovative Application of 6G Network Slicing Driven by Artificial Intelligence in the Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Ni Xueqin , Dong Zhiyuan , Rong Xia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe rapid growth of vehicle networks in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) needs novel approaches to optimizing network resource allocation and enhancing traffic management. Sixth‐generation (6G) network slicing, when paired with artificial intelligence (AI), has enormous potential in this field. The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of AI‐driven 6G network slicing (NS) for efficient usage of resources and accurate traffic prediction in IoV systems. A unique network design is suggested, combining data‐driven approaches and dynamic network slicing. Data are acquired from vehicular sensors and traffic monitoring systems, and log transformation is used to handle exponential growth patterns like vehicle counts and congestion levels. The Fourier transform (FT) is used to extract frequency‐domain information from traffic data, which allows for the detection of periodic patterns, trends, and anomalies such as vehicle velocity and traffic density. The Dipper Throated Optimized Efficient Elman Neural Network (DTO‐EENN) is used to forecast traffic and optimize resources. This technology allows the system to predict traffic patterns and dynamically alter network slices to ensure optimal resource allocation while reducing latency. The results show that the suggested AI‐driven NS technique increases forecast accuracy and network performance while dramatically reducing congestion levels. The research indicates that AI‐driven 6G based NS offers a solid framework for optimizing IoV performance.
Solving Non‐Linear Parabolic Equations With Distributed Delay by One‐Parameter Linearized Compact ADI Scheme
Authors: Tan Zengqiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a novel one‐parameter linearized compact alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme for solving the 2D and 3D non‐linear parabolic equations with distributed delay, where the ADI technique is used to reduce the computational cost greatly. The unique solvability, error estimates in and norms and stability of the proposed scheme are studied, and it is shown under some appropriate conditions that the scheme is convergent of order two in temporal direction and order four in spatial direction. Some numerical experiments are conducted to validate the theoretical results as well as the effectiveness and accuracy of the derived schemes.
Numerical modeling of multilayer composite pipe with glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene layer
Authors: Khoury Moussa Helena , Badreddine Houssem , Challita Georges , Alhussein Akram 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study focuses on the numerical modeling of multilayer composite pipes, specifically those incorporating a glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene layer. The research investigates the mechanical properties of a high modulus polypropylene grade, BA212E, and a composite material, PP‐GF30, which contains 30 wt.% glass fibers. Various hyperelastic material models are evaluated to accurately represent the mechanical behavior of these materials under different loading conditions. It was found that the Yeoh hyperelastic material model combined with nonlinear isotropic hardening plasticity provides the most suitable representation of the behaviors of these materials. This model was validated through numerical simulations of three‐point bending and pipe compression tests, demonstrating good agreement with experimental data.Highlights
Glass fiber‐reinforced multilayer composite pipes for improved stiffness.
Comparative evaluation of multiple hyperelastic material models.
Yeoh model captures the nonlinear behavior of BA212E and PP‐GF30 accurately.
Yeoh model with plasticity offers optimal representation of material behavior.
Validated via numerical simulations and experimental data correlation.
Synthesis and characterization of tough colorless poly(amide‐imide)s containing cyclohexanedicarbonyl chloride with different trans:cis ratios
Authors: Xing Jinglei , Yang Lei , Ma Tianci , Chen Guofei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith the rapid development of flexible optoelectronic devices, colorless polyimide films with excellent comprehensive performance have received widespread attention. In this work, a series of poly(amide‐imide)s (PAIs) were synthesized by copolymerization of 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride, 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarbonyl chloride (CHDC) and 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine. The thermal dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the PAI films were improved due to the introduction of rigid rod‐like amide bonds in the polymer chain. In addition, the PAIs with more trans‐CHDC content showed higher glass transition temperature (Tg) and lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). At the same time, the cooperative conformational transitions of cyclohexane rings in trans‐CHDC promoted molecular chain slip and improved the film toughness. Moreover, with the introduction of the cyclohexane moiety, these PAIs had excellent optical transparency and solubility. In particular, PAI‐6 exhibited high Tg of 364 °C, low CTE of 29.8 ppm K−1, high transmittance of 87% at 400 nm, tensile modulus of 3.6 GPa and elongation at break of 9.7%. Therefore, the incorporation of cyclohexane structures and amide bonds into the main chain through copolymerization with CHDC provided a simple method for the synthesis of tough colorless PAIs with excellent comprehensive properties. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.