bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Closure of the Nephrosplenic Space for Prevention of Recurrent Nephrosplenic Entrapment of the Ascending Colon
Authors: FARSTVEDT ELLIS , HENDRICKSON DEAN 
Published: November 2005

ObjectiveTo evaluate outcome after laparoscopic closure of the nephrosplenic space in horses that had previous nephrosplenic entrapment of ascending colon (left dorsal displacement of the left colon; LDDLC).Study DesignRetrospective study.Sample PopulationHorses that had previous LDDLC.MethodsMedical records of horses that had LDDLC and subsequent laparoscopic nephrosplenic space closure between 2002 and 2004 were retrieved. Follow‐up information was obtained by telephone interview of owners. Preoperative versus postoperative comparisons were: incidence of LDDLC, incidence of colic signs, and incidence of ventral celiotomy. Data were analyzed using a χ2‐square test with significance set atP<.05.ResultsTen horses met the inclusion criteria. Mean follow‐up was 22 months. No horses had recurrence of LDDLC; however, 3 horses had colic signs subsequently that required surgical intervention. Over the follow‐up period there was a significant decrease in the total incidence of colic and ventral celiotomy. Technique modifications included use of different cannula site locations, use of polyglyconate suture material for nephrosplenic space closure, and development of a custom cannula.ConclusionsLaparoscopic nephrosplenic space closure prevented recurrence of LDDLC, and significantly lowered the overall incidence of colic and ventral celiotomy. The custom‐designed cannula provided good access to the operative site and no complications were encountered with use of polyglyconate suture material for nephrosplenic space closure.Clinical RelevanceClosure of the nephrosplenic space will prevent LDDLC; however, other surgical lesions can occur.
Laparoscopic Ovariectomy Using the Endo‐GIA Stapling Device and Endo‐Catch Pouches and Evaluation of Analgesic Efficacy of Epidural Morphine Sulfate in 10 Mares
Authors: VAN HOOGMOED LİNDA M. , GALUPPO LARRY D. 
Published: November 2005

Objective—To evaluate use of ENDO‐GIA staples and ENDO‐Catch pouches for ovariectomy in mares and to evaluate the efficacy of epidural morphine analgesia.Study Design—Randomized clinical trial.Animals—Mares (n=10) with normal ovaries.Methods—An Endo‐GIA II stapler (United States Surgical Corp., Norwalk, CT) was used to amputate the ovaries bilaterally, in standing mares, and Endo‐Catch II pouches (United States Surgical Corp.) were used for retrieval. Epidural morphine was used in 5 mares, and procedure duration, volume of lidocaine required to desensitize the ovarian pedicle, and sedation were compared with horses not administered epidural morphine.Results—Use of the Endo‐GIA II stapling device was an easy and an efficient method of ovariectomy, which was facilitated by use of epidural morphine. For the epidural group, the mean (±SD) surgical time was 69.2±10.2 minutes compared with 124.4±21.2 minutes for mares not administered morphine. Less systemic sedation was required for mares administered epidural morphine.Conclusions—Minimal ovarian manipulation was required to apply the stapler, hemorrhage was slight, and none of the mares had complications. Epidural morphine provided effective analgesia, improving patient comfort, and reduced the sedation needed to perform ovariectomy.Clinical Relevance—Endo‐GIA II staples are an efficient method for ovariectomy in normal mares. Epidural morphine should be considered to facilitate ovariectomy because less sedation and local anesthetic administration is required.
Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Mares Using a Polyamide Tie‐Rap
Authors: COKELAERE STEFAN M. , MARTENS ANN M. J.G. , WIEMER PETER 
Published: November 2005

Objective—To describe use of a polyamide tie‐rap to ligate the mesovarium during standing laparoscopic ovariectomy in mares.Study Design—Prospective study.Animals—Ten mares.Methods—Bilateral ovariectomy was performed in 10 mares. Standing laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed using 3 portals in the paralumbar fossa. A commercial polyamide tie‐rap was prepared as a loop and marked with 4 colored lines close to the buckle, to enable us to check whether the loop was tightened securely. The ovary was grasped with forceps and after the mesovarium was minimally transected cranially and caudally, the loop of the tie‐rap was inserted in the abdomen and placed around the mesovarium. It was firmly tightened, until at least 3 of the 4 marks were visible, then the end of the tie‐rap was cut. The ovary was transected and removed through an enlarged 3rd portal. The contralateral ovary was removed similarly through the opposite paralumbar fossa. Repeat laparoscopy was performed in 8 mares, 2, 3, 4, and 12 weeks later.Results—None of the mares had postoperative discomfort. On repeat laparoscopy, there was complete encapsulation of the stump and tie‐rap after 3–4 weeks. In 2 mares, an adhesion between the left stump and the mesentery of the descending colon was observed.Conclusion—Ligation of the mesovarium can be easily and safely performed using a polyamide tie‐rap during standing laparoscopic ovariectomy in mares.Clinical Relevance—Standing laparoscopic ovariectomy using a polyamide tie‐rap is a safe, technically easy and reliable surgical procedure in the mare.
Bilateral Ureterocystostomy to Correct Left Ureteral Atresia and Right Ureteral Ectopia in an 8‐Month‐Old Standardbred Filly
Authors: GETMAN LIBERTY M. , ROSS MICHAEL W. , ELCE YVONNE A. 
Published: November 2005

Objectives—To report the diagnosis and outcome after surgical correction of bilateral distal ureteral anomalies in a Standardbred filly.Study Design—Clinical case report.Animal—An 8‐month‐old, 310 kg Standardbred filly with left ureteral atresia and right ureteral ectopia.Methods—The filly was admitted for evaluation of incontinence since birth and severe urine scalding of the hindquarters. Diagnosis was made by both direct (cystoscopy and vaginoscopy) and indirect (intravenous pyelography, ultrasonography, and scintigraphy) evaluation of the ureters and bladder. The filly had left ureteral atresia, hydronephrosis, and decreased left‐sided renal function and right ureteral ectopia before surgery. Surgical correction was performed on the left by an end‐to‐side stapled anastomosis technique and on the right by a side‐to‐side hand‐sewn anastomosis technique.Results—Surgical correction was successful. The filly had no postoperative complications and remained continent 18 months after surgery. Left renal function improved.Conclusion—Ureteral anomalies can be successfully repaired in larger (>300 kg) foals and some renal function may be restored after surgical correction.Clinical Relevance—Scintigraphy should be considered in diagnosis of ureteral anomalies, assessing renal function, and determining prognosis for horses with hydronephrosis caused by ureteral ectopia and atresia.
Treatment of a Second Carpal Bone Fracture by Removal Under Ultrasonographic Guidance in a Horse
Authors: PICCOT‐CRÉZOLLET CYRILLE , CAUVIN EDDY R. 
Published: November 2005

Objective—To report an unusual 2nd carpal bone (C2) slab fracture and its treatment, using an ultrasonographically assisted, minimally invasive arthrotomy technique, for fragment removal.Study Design—Case report.Animals—An 11‐year‐old crossbred Warmblood gelding.Methods—A bone fragment, spanning the height of C2, identified on the palmaromedial aspect of C2 was demarcated intraoperatively using ultrasonographically guided needles and removed by arthrotomy.Results—Fracture fragment removal was achieved using a small, ultrasonographically guided arthrotomy. The horse has become sound after treatment and returned to the previous level of pleasure riding activity.Conclusions—Perioperative ultrasonography was used to delineate and facilitate removal of an unusual slab fragment of C2, through a minimally sized arthrotomy. Despite the presence of pancarpal osteoarthritis and partial involvement of the medial collateral ligament, the prognosis appeared to be satisfactory for this pleasure riding horse.Clinical Relevance—Ultrasonographic guidance may be used to optimize the approach to C2 articular bony fragments that may not be observed using arthroscopy.
A Dorsal Approach for the Removal of the Nasal Septum in the Horse
Authors: SHOEMAKER RYAN W. , WILSON DAVID G. , FRETZ PETER B. 
Published: November 2005

Objective— To describe and evaluate a technique involving a dorsal approach for the removal of the nasal septum in adult horses.Study Design— Retrospective clinical study.Animals— Four client‐owned horses.Methods— Access for partial nasal septum resection was through a dorsal nasal bone flap. Septum resection was performed because of reduced airflow from septal deviation and/or thickening caused by traumatic insult or neoplasia. Preoperative clinical signs and diagnostic results were recorded. Intra‐ and postoperative complications were noted and follow‐up information was obtained from telephone interviews of owners or by clinical examination.Results— The abnormal segment of the nasal septum was completely removed in all horses. A dorsal nasal bone flap approach provided excellent access to the septum and allowed immediate control of hemorrhage; blood transfusion was not needed. Cosmetic results were considered good to excellent by owners and horses returned to their previous level of work without perceived limitations associated with airway function.Conclusions— Nasal septum resection by the dorsal approach permits good observation of the abnormal septum, and provides exposure that facilitates removal of nasal masses and reduction of depression fractures with minimal complications.Clinical Relevance— A dorsal nasal bone flap approach should be considered for horses that require nasal septum resection because it can be achieved with minimal hemorrhage, good cosmetic results, and return to function.
Effects of oxygen and carbon dioxide on human retinal circulation: an investigation using blue field simulation and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Tomic Lidija , Bjärnhall Gunilla , Mäepea Olav , Sperber Göran O. , Alm Albert 
Published: November 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To investigate the quantitative response of retinal circulation in normal human eyes to oxygen and carbon dioxide provocation and to gain more information about retinal mean transit time (MTT). Methods:  Healthy subjects were studied while breathing: room air (O2 baseline); pure O2; room air (CO2 baseline), and CO2 in room air. The CO2 level was brought to 30% above individual baseline level. During each gas exposure, blue field simulation was used to estimate the velocity of macular leucocytes and fluorescein angiography was used to determine MTT, arteriovenous passage time (AVP) and vessel diameters. Results:  Breathing pure O2 caused a reduction in macular leucocyte velocity of about 13%, a non‐significant change in MTT and AVP from baseline, and a 10% reduction in the diameter of temporal retinal arteries and veins. Breathing CO2 caused an increase in macular leucocyte velocity of 21%, a non‐significant change in MTT and AVP, and no change in retinal vascular diameters. Conclusion:  Both O2 and CO2 had the expected effects on retinal blood flow, as judged by leucocyte velocity in the macular capillaries, but little effect on retinal MTT, indicating concomitant changes in flow and retinal vascular volume. Measuring the diameter of retinal vessels before and during pure O2 breathing is a simple and effective way of determining the reactivity of retinal vessels.
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of intraocular oedematous and neovascular diseases
Authors: Jonas Jost B. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) has increasingly been applied as treatment for various intraocular neovascular and oedematous diseases. Comparing the various diseases with respect to effect and side‐effects of the treatment, the best response in terms of gain in visual acuity (VA) has been achieved for intraretinal oedematous diseases such as diffuse diabetic macular oedema, branch retinal vein occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion and pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema. In eyes with various types of non‐infectious uveitis, including acute or chronic sympathetic ophthalmia and Adamantiadis−Behcet's disease, VA increased and the degree of intraocular inflammation decreased. Some studies have suggested that intravitreal triamcinolone may be useful as angiostatic therapy in eyes with iris neovascularization and proliferative ischaemic retinopathies. Intravitreal triamcinolone may possibly be helpful as adjunct therapy for exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), particularly in combination with photodynamic therapy. In eyes with chronic, therapy‐resistant ocular hypotony, intravitreal triamcinolone can induce an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and may stabilize the eye. The complications of intravitreal triamcinolone therapy include: secondary ocular hypertension in about 40% of the eyes injected; medically uncontrollable high IOP leading to antiglaucomatous surgery in about 1–2% of the eyes; posterior subcapsular cataract and nuclear cataract leading to cataract surgery in about 15–20% of elderly patients within 1 year of injection; postoperative infectious endophthalmitis occurring at a rate of about one per 1000; non‐infectious endophthalmitis, perhaps due to a reaction to the solvent agent, and pseudo‐endophthalmitis with triamcinolone acetonide crystals appearing in the anterior chamber. Intravitreal triamcinolone injection can be combined with other intraocular surgeries, including cataract surgery, particularly in eyes with iris neovascularization. Cataract surgery performed some months after the injection does not show a markedly elevated complication rate. The injection may be repeated if the resultant benefits decrease after the initial IVTA injection. In non‐vitrectomized eyes, the duration of the effect and side‐effects of a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone is about 6–9 months for a dosage of about 20 mg, and about 2–4 months for a dosage of 4 mg. So far, it has remained unclear whether the solvent agent should be removed, and if so, how.
Jesus and the eye: New Testament miracles of vision
Authors: Mansour Ahmad M. , Mehio‐Sibai Abla , Walsh Joseph B. , Sbeity Zaher H. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To compile and appraise the accounts of the miracles of vision in the New Testament. Methods:  We carried out a critical analysis of the compilation of ocular miracles using past medical knowledge and historical reconstruction based on the accounts of the apostles and of various historians living in the first three centuries ad. Results:  Three blind adult male beggars residing on three different street locations were described. Two had previously had good vision that had declined over a long time and the third had been born blind. The manifestations of the ocular diseases in these cases were meagre, precluding any precise diagnosis. The healing methodology did not rely on physical examination, detailed history, or the use of medicines. Jesus' tools consisted of spitting, touching, praying and the use of words. Visual outcome reported as a complete cure was realized in all three incidents. Conclusions:  The accounts of miracles in the Gospels appear to be historically reliable, yet subject to different interpretations: faith in the miracle (the Christian perspective); sorcery (the Jewish perspective); mythology (the atheist perspective), and scientifically possible human action by a charismatic, compassionate, knowledgeable man (the scientific perspective: psychotherapy or suggestion).
The gluten connection: the association between schizophrenia and celiac disease
Authors: Kalaydjian A. E. , Eaton W. , Cascella N. , Fasano A. 
Published: November 2005

Objective:  Schizophrenia affects roughly 1% of the population and is considered one of the top 10 causes of disability worldwide. Given the immense cost to society, successful treatment options are imperative. Based on initial findings, gluten withdrawal may serve as a safe and economical alternative for the reduction of symptoms in a subset of patients.Method:  A review of the literature relevant to the association between schizophrenia and celiac disease (gluten intolerance) was conducted.Results:  A drastic reduction, if not full remission, of schizophrenic symptoms after initiation of gluten withdrawal has been noted in a variety of studies. However, this occurs only in a subset of schizophrenic patients.Conclusion:  Large‐scale epidemiological studies and clinical trials are needed to confirm the association between gluten and schizophrenia, and address the underlying mechanisms by which this association occurs.
A view to regressive autism through home movies. Is early development really normal?
Authors: Maestro S. , Muratori F. , Cesari A. , Pecini C. , Apicella F. , Stern D. 
Published: November 2005

Objective:  To describe early development of children with regressive autism.Method:  Home movies from the first 18 months of life of three groups of children with early onset autism (EOA), regressive autism (RA) and typical development (TD) were rated through the Grid for Attention in Infants in three age ranges. Different anova and post hoct‐tests were conducted on frequencies of behaviours.Results:  Differently from TD, for both RA and EOA non‐social attention is higher than social attention across ages. While EOA is characterized by an early deficit in social attention, in RA social attention increases until the first birthday when its decrease proceeds at the same rate as the increase of non‐social attention.Conclusion:  We hypothesize that the intense interest towards objects can be the first sign of an atypical development also in RA; this distinguishing feature lead us to believe that regression, based on the assumption of a previous normal development, is only apparent.
Mucus and hormonal traits in three gestation patterns (pre‐, full‐ and post‐term) of Egyptian Nubian (Zaraibi) crossbred doe goats
Authors: EL‐DARAWANY Abdel‐Halim Ali , MARAI Ibrahim Fayez Mahmud , ELWAN Kamal Mohamed , EL‐TARABANY Akram Abdel‐Sattar 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTIn the present study, 48 crossbred does (Nubian × Baladi) were used to investigate physiological (mucus and hormonal) traits as affected by gestation pattern (pre‐, full‐ and post‐term parturitions). The incidence of full‐term (does with a gestation length of 146–152 days) was the highest (54.5%), followed by pre‐term (does with a gestation length of 140–145 days; 36.9%) and post‐term (does with a gestation length of 153 days; 8.9%), respectively. Prediction of gestation pattern by using some body measurements was also studied. Cervical mucus samples were collected during estrus to determine spinnbarkeit (i.e. strength, viscosity or stretchability) and pH values of the mucus. Mucus was also collected pre‐parturition daily from day 140 of gestation until delivery, to evaluate the ferning arborization. Blood samples were collected on the day before mating (0 time), 1 (at mating), 30, 60, 90 and 145 days after mating. The results showed that spinnbarkeit and pH in cervical mucus at estrus, serum estradiol‐17α (E2) at day 5 before delivery, and progesterone (P4) levels differed insignificantly according to gestation pattern. The fern degree between day 140 of gestation and day of delivery was the highest in pre‐term does, while it was the lowest in post‐ and full‐term does. The gestation length was the highest in post‐term does (157.5 days), and the lowest in pre‐term does (141.5 days). During winter, the incidence of pre‐term deliveries was the highest (54.5%), but in spring, full‐term deliveries were the most common (58.3%). Most of the traits studied were insignificantly affected by season of birth. Post‐term delivery can be estimated by doe weight and wither height, while full‐term delivery can be anticipated using by hip height and abdomen girth. Pre‐term does can be detected by cervical mucus fern between day 140 of gestation and day of delivery. Post‐term does can be defined by doe weight and wither height, while full‐term deliveries can be defined by hip height and abdomen girth, during pregnancy.
Universal and group‐specific real‐time PCR diagnosis of flavescence dorée (16Sr‐V), bois noir (16Sr‐XII) and apple proliferation (16Sr‐X) phytoplasmas from field‐collected plant hosts and insect vectors
Authors: Galetto L. , Bosco D. , Marzachì C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThree real‐time PCR–based assays for the specific diagnosis of flavescence dorée (FD), bois noir (BN) and apple proliferation (AP) phytoplasmas and a universal one for the detection of phytoplasmas belonging to groups 16Sr‐V, 16Sr‐X and 16Sr‐XII have been developed. Ribosomal‐based primers CYS2Fw/Rv and TaqMan probe CYS2 were used for universal diagnosis in real‐time PCR. For group‐specific detection of FD phytoplasma, ribosomal‐based primers fAY/rEY, specific for 16Sr‐V phytoplasmas, were chosen. For diagnosis of BN and AP phytoplasmas, specific primers were designed on non‐ribosomal and nitroreductase DNA sequences, respectively. SYBR® Green I detection coupled with melting curve analysis was used in each group‐specific protocol. Field‐collected grapevines infected with FD and BN phytoplasmas and apple trees infected with AP phytoplasma, together with Scaphoideus titanus, Hyalesthes obsoletus and Cacopsylla melanoneura adults, captured in the same vineyards and orchards, were used as templates in real‐time PCR assays. The diagnostic efficiency of each group‐specific protocol was compared with well‐established detection procedures, based on conventional nested PCR. Universal amplification was obtained in real‐time PCR from DNAs of European aster yellows (16Sr‐I), elm yellows (16Sr‐V), stolbur (16Sr‐XII) and AP phytoplasma reference isolates maintained in periwinkles. The same assay detected phytoplasma DNA in all test plants and test insect vectors infected with FD, BN and AP phytoplasmas. Our group‐specific assays detected FD, BN, and AP phytoplasmas with high efficiencies, similar to those obtained with nested PCR and did not amplify phytoplasma DNA of other taxonomic groups. Melting curve analysis was necessary for the correct identification of the specific amplicons generated in the presence of very low target concentrations. Our work shows that real‐time PCR methods can sensitively and rapidly detect phytoplasmas at the universal or group‐specific level. This should be useful in developing defence strategies and for quantitative studies of phytoplasma–plant–vector interactions.
Colonization of Tubú (Montanoa guatemalensis, Asteraceae) Windbreaks by Woody Species1
Authors: Piper Jon K. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTTubú (Montanoa guatemalensis, Asteraceae) is a popular tree used in windbreaks in the San Luis valley near the Monteverde cloud forests of Costa Rica. Seventy‐eight woody taxa from 32 families were found in the understory of 19 tubú windbreaks (five 4‐yr‐old, eight 12‐yr‐old, and six 20‐yr‐old). Mean size of tubú increased with stand age, but tubú was neither replacing itself nor spreading from the windbreaks. Density of other trees and shrubs ≥1 m was higher in 4‐yr‐old plots than in 20‐yr‐old plots, but density of other trees <1 m tall did not vary with windbreak age. Whereas richness of species ≥1 m was higher for 12‐ and 20‐yr‐old plots than for 4‐yr‐old plots, species richness of trees <1 m tall did not vary with windbreak stand age. Higher proportions of the woody colonists in 12‐ and 20‐yr‐old plots were animal dispersed than in 4‐yr‐old plots. Tubú windbreaks may undergo major changes in woody species composition, with Daphnopsis americana, Inga punctata, and Trichilia havanensis likely to predominate in the future.