bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between stress and relapse in multiple sclerosis: part II. Direct and indirect relationships
Authors: Brown R F , Tennant C C , Sharrock M , Hodgkinson S , Dunn S M , Pollard J D 
Published: April 2006

Objective The aim of this two-year prospective study was to determine which factors were: (i) directly related and/or (ii) indirectly related to multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse. These factors included life-event stressors, disease, demographic, psychosocial and lifestyle factors. Background Relatively little attention has been paid to the role of non-clinical relapse predictors (other than stressful life-events) in MS, or factors that indirectly impact on the stress-relapse relationship. Methods A total of 101 consecutive participants with MS were recruited from two MS clinics in Sydney, Australia. Stressful life-events, depression, anxiety and fatigue were assessed at study-entry and at three-monthly intervals for two years. Disease, demographic, psychosocial and lifestyle factors were assessed at baseline. Patient-reported relapses were recorded and corroborated by neurologists or evaluated against accepted relapse criteria. Results MS relapse was predicted by acute stressor frequency counts, coping responses that utilized social support, and being born in Australia, but not by chronic stressors, disease, demographic, psychosocial or lifestyle factors. No factors were found to indirectly impact on the stress-relapse relationship. Conclusions The number rather than severity of stressors was most important in relation to MS relapse risk, along with coping responses that utilized social support, suggesting that MS patients should avoid situations that are likely to generate multiple stressors or which provide few avenues for social support.
Stalking of mental health professionals: an underrecognised problem
Authors: McIvor Ronan J. , Petch Edward 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDoctors and mental healthcare professionals are at greater risk of being stalked than the general population, particularly by their patients. Despite causing significant psychological distress, stalking remains underrecognised and poorly managed. Healthcare organisations should ensure appropriate policies are in place to aid awareness and minimise risk, including the provision of formal educational programmes.
Impact of Immune Parameters on Long-Term Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Donskov Frede , von der Maase Hans 
Published: April 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of immunologic prognostic factors in combination with established clinical prognostic factors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).Patients and MethodsA total of 120 consecutive patients with mRCC received interleukin-2 (IL-2) -based immunotherapy. Baseline tumor biopsies were available from 85 of these patients. Potential prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsMultivariate analysis (N = 120) identified high lactate dehydrogenase, lymph node metastases, low hemoglobin, low Karnofsky performance status, and bone metastases as independent poor prognostic clinical factors. The impact of these clinical factors has been demonstrated by others. Multivariate analysis (n = 85) also identified a high blood neutrophil count (> 6.0 × 109/L; hazard ratio, 2.0; P = .015), the presence of intratumoral neutrophils (> 0 cells/mm2tumor tissue; hazard ratio, 2.3; P = .001), and low intratumoral CD57+natural killer cell count (< 50 cells/mm2tumor tissue; hazard ratio, 2.1; P = .01) as independent poor prognostic immunologic factors. These three independent immunologic parameters had significant discriminatory power as supplemental risk factors in prognostic models based on the clinical risk factors, identifying subgroups within the favorable clinical group with estimated 5-year survival rates of 60%, 25%, and 0%, respectively. These findings were apparent in both our own prognostic model and in an extended Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY) prognostic model.ConclusionThis study points on five clinical and three supplemental immunologic independent prognostic factors of survival in patients with mRCC receiving IL-2.
Dual-times Detection System for On-line Assay of Enzymatic Activity Based on Valve-switching Technique Using Size Exclusion Chromatography
Authors: Ihara Reiji , Esaka Yukihiro , Hirose Akio , Haraguchi Hiroki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A dual-times detection system in size exclusion chromatography was developed for carboxypeptidase A assay. In the system the enzymatic activity was detected 2 times by circulating the sample solution (mobile phase) in a reaction tube through a fluorescence detector.
Electrochemistry of Cytochrome c at a Lipid Langmuir Blodgett Monolayer Electrode
Authors: Nakashima Naotoshi , Abe Kazuhiro , Hirohashi Toshiaki , Hamada Keiko , Kunitake Masashi , Manabe Osamu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Cytochrome c was found to undergo electron transfer reactions at a gold electrode modified with a Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer of 20-mercaptoeicosane-1-ol/dioleoyl-L-α-phosphatidylcholine (molar ratio, 1/20). The stability of the monolayer and the adsorption behavior of cytochrome c to the monolayer was also examined.
Fine Control of Regioselectivity in the Reduction of NAD+ Analogues by Ketene Silyl Acetals
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Fujita Morifumi , Noura Souta , Otera Junzo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Various NAD+ analogues are reduced regioselectively by ketene silyl acetals to afford the corresponding 2-, 6-, or 4-alkylated NADH analogues. The regioselectivity of the 1,2- (or 1,6-) vs. 1,4-reduction is finely controlled by the β-methyl-substitution of ketene silyl acetals, the position of methyl-substitution of NAD+ analogues, and the addition of Et4NCl or Bu4NF.
Surface Modification of Polytetrafluoroethylene Containing Carbonaceous Materials by KrF-Laser Irradiation
Authors: Nishii Masanobu , Sugimoto Shun’ichi , Shimizu Yuichi , Suzuki Nobutake , Nagase Tomohiro , Endo Masao , Eguchi Yosuke 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The adhesive property of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film containing a small amount of carbonaceous materials such as carbon black and graphite was improved remarkably by KrF-laser irradiation in air. The adhesive strength increased with the irradiated energy and the fluence of laser.
Highly Crowded trans-Olefin. Molecular Structure of trans-1,2-Bis{meso-[nickel(II)octaethylporphyrinyl]}ethene
Authors: Kitagawa Ryouichi , Kai Yasushi , Ponomarev Gelii V , Sugiura Ken-ichi , Borovkov Victor V , Kaneda Takahiro , Sakata Yoshiteru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
X-Ray analysis of trans-1,2-bis{meso-[nickel(II)octaethylporphyrinyl]} ethene has revealed that the compound has nonplanar structure and the nickel-coordination planes of porphyrin rings are close to perpendicular (72.5°) to the plane of the central double bond. Both porphyrin rings have saddle-shaped structure due to the steric repulsion between ethyl substituents.
Effect of Adding Starch on the Photoinhibition of Oscillation in the Briggs-Rauscher Reaction
Authors: Okazaki Noriaki , Mori Yoshihito , Hanazaki Ichiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Wavelength dependence of the relative cross section has been determined for the photoinhibition of oscillation in the starch-free and starch-added Briggs-Rauscher systems. In both cases, the primary light absorber was identified as iodine molecule, whereas starch-iodine complex was found to be inert as to the primary photochemical process.
Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones Catalyzed by Lipase
Authors: Uyama Hiroshi , Kobayashi Shiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Enzymatic ring-opening polymerization of lactones was achieved by using lipase as catalyst. The polymerization of ε-caprolactone by Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase at 60 °C in bulk for 10 days afforded a polyester with average molecular weight of 7.0 × 103. From 1H and 13C NMR analysis, the polymer possesses the terminal structure of a carboxylic acid group at one end and a hydroxyl group at the other.
Stereospecific Epoxidation of 4-Hydroxycyclopent-2-enones
Authors: D’Auria Maurizio , Piancatelli Giovanni 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The treatment of 4,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxy-6-cyclopent-2-en-1-ones with H2C2 and KOH gave in high yields 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dialkyl-4-hydroxycyclopentanones. Furthermore, only one stereoisomer, characterized by trans relationship between the hydroxy group and the epoxide was obtained. This behaviour can be explained considering that epoxidation occurs during a base catalyzed transposition of the starting cyclopentenone.
Intermolecular Ferromagnetic Interaction of 4-Benzylideneamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl
Authors: Tomioka Katsuyuki , Mitsubori Shin-ichi , Ishida Takayuki , Nogami Takashi , Iwamura Hiizu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The magnetic properties of a polycrystalline sample of the title compound were studied on a SQUID magnetometer. The intermolecular ferromagnetic interaction was indicated by the upward deviation of the magnetization curves from a Brillouin function with S = 1/2 below 16 K and by the increasing effective moment with decreasing temperature. The Weiss constant was + 0.7 K. The radicals possessing a 9-anthryl or 3-perylenyl group in place of the phenyl group showed anitiferromagnetic interaction.
Synthesis and Electro-Optical Properties of 3-Fluoroalkyl-Substituted Phenylpyrimidines as Chiral Dopants for Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kusumoto Tetsuo , Ogino Kumiko , Sato Ken-ichi , Hiyama Tamejiro , Takehara Sadao , Nakamura Kayoko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Starting with (R)-1,2-epoxyalkanes, (S)-5-alkyl(or -alkyloxy)-2-[4-(3-fluoroalkyl)phenyl]pyrimidines and (S)-5-(3-fluoroalkyl)-2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)pyrimidines were synthesized and shown to be good chiral dopants for achieving fast response of ferroelectric liquid crystals mixtures.
Control of Enantiofacial Differentiation in the Addition Reaction of Organometallics to a Nitrone in the Presence of an External Chiral Auxiliary
Authors: Ukaji Yutaka , Hatanaka Takahiro , Ahmed Alauddin , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
It was observed that differentiation of enantiotopic face in the addition reaction of organometallics to 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline N-oxide was well-regulated by the use of an external chiral auxiliary; i.e., Grignard reagents added from the si-face of the nitrone in the presence of bromomagnesium (2S,3R)-4-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-2-butoxide, while dialkylzinc attacked from the re-face.
Synthesis and Properties of Polymer-Supported Cyanoaromatic Compounds
Authors: Mizuno Kazuhiko , Nakanishi Kazuhisa , Kobata Toshitsugu , Sawada Yoshito , Otsuji Yoshio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The photoreaction of a styrene/4-tributylstannylmethyl styrene (4:1) copolymer with di- and tetra-cyanoaromatic compounds in benzene-acetonitrile (1:1) gave polymers having cyanoaromatic functions in the side chain. These polymers were soluble in benzene and served as effective and recoverable sensitizers for three different types of photoinduced electron-transfer mediated organic photoreactions.
Oxygenation of Tetrahydrofurans with Combined Use of Molecular Oxygen and α-Diketone Catalyzed by Cobalt(III) Complex
Authors: Hata Eiichiro , Takai Toshihiro , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of cobalt(III) complex such as tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III), tetrahydrofurans are oxygenated into the corresponding γ-butyrolactones under mild conditions on treatment with an atmospheric pressure of molecular oxygen and α-diketones having hydrogen atom next to the carbonyl carbon.
Novel Morphology of Vertically Aligned Polyacetylene Film
Authors: Araya Kotaro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Liquid crystal polymerization method was modified in order to prepare a vertically aligned polyacetylene film. As a result, a film with a very curious morphology was formed. The film was composed of two layers. The layer on the solvent side was a vertically oriented fibril structure, whereas the layer on the acetylene gas side was a randomly oriented fibril structure. The modified method is a very promising one for visualizing the polymer growth process, and the present work clearly demonstrates that a polyacetylene chain grows in the liquid crystal solvent.
Endowment with the Wettability on the Surface of Tetrafluoroethylene-Perfluoroalkyl Vinyl Ether Copolymer by Excimer Laser Irradiation
Authors: Okada Atsushi , Negishi Yasuo , Shimizu Yuichi , Sugimoto Shun’ichi , Nishii Masanobu , Kawanishi Shunichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA) was endowed with the high wettability by ArF-laser irradiation in water dissolved carbon monoxide. The enhancement of the wettability was closely related to the decrease of the F/C atomic ratio and the increase of the O/C ratio measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), suggesting the formation of the polar groups such as ethylene linkage and carbonyl group with the release of fluorine atom.
Two Novel Monochlorinated Cyclic Pentapeptides, Astins D and E from Aster tataricus
Authors: Morita Hiroshi , Nagashima Shinji , Shirota Osamu , Takeya Koichi , Itokawa Hideji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Two novel monochlorinated cyclic pentapeptides, named astin D and astin E, have been isolated from Aster tataricus (Compositae) and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence and chemical degradation.
Electron-Transfer Oxidation of 9-Alkylanthracenes and the Decay Kinetics of Radical Cations in Acetonitrile
Authors: Fujita Morifumi , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Transient absorption spectra of radical cations of 9-alkylanthracenes (RAn•+) formed by the electron-transfer oxidation of 9-alkylanthracenes with Fe(ClO4)3·9H2O have been detected by using a stopped flow spectrophotometer. The decay rates of RAn•+ obey the second-order kinetics due to the electron-transfer disproportionation reactions, followed by the nucleophilic attack of H2O on the resulting dications leading to the final ring-oxygenated products.
Preparation, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties of Tris(2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octabutoxyphthalocyaninato)diytterbium(III) and -didysprosium(III)
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhiro , Itoh Makoto , Tomita Yasuhiro , Nojima Kazutetsu , Kasuga Kuninobu , Isa Kimio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The title complexes, [Yb2(obPc)3] (1) and [Dy2(obPc)3] (2) (H2obPc = 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octabutoxyphthalocyanine), were prepared. Their absorption spectra in CH2Cl2 and in benzene and cyclic voltammograms in CH2Cl2 were measured. The electromism of the CH2Cl2 solutions of 1 and 2 was observed in oxidation. These spectral and electrochemical properties suggest a triple-decker sandwich-like molecular structure of 1 and 2 ([(obPc2−)Ln3+(obPc2−)Ln3+(obPc2−)], Ln = Yb, Dy).
Synthesis of Poly(arylene sulfide) via Poly(sulfonium cation) through Electrophilic Substitution Reaction of Methyl Phenyl Sulfide with Antimony Pentachloride
Authors: Shouji Eiichi , Yamamoto Kimihisa , Tsuchida Eishun 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Poly(phenylene ether sulfide)(PPES) was synthesized via poly(sulfonium cation) by electrophilic substitution of the chloro methyl phenyl sulfonium cation as an active species. Methylphenyl sulfide derivatives were chlorinated by electrophilic attack of antimony pentachloride to yield chloro methyl phenyl sulfonium antimony hexachloride. The electrophilic substitution of the cation with the phenyl ring of monomer or oligomer resulted in formation of poly(methyl-4-phenoxyphenyl sulfonium antimony hexachloride) with a by-product of hydrochloric acid. By demethylation of the resulting poly(sulfonium cation), PPES was obtained under mild conditions (Mw = 24000, Tm = 177 °C).
Carbon Dioxide Sensor Using Combination of Fluoride Ion Conductor and Metal Carbonate
Authors: Miura Norio , Yao Sheng , Sato Masaki , Shimizu Youichi , Kuwata Shigeki , Yamazoe Noboru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A solid-state electrochemical CO2 sensor was obtained by combining a fluoride ion conductor (LaF3) with an auxiliary phase of a metal carbonate. The sensor response (EMF) was found to follow the Nernst’s equation for a 2-electron reduction of CO2 in the range of 40–2000 ppm at 400 and 450 °C. The 90% response times were as short as 10–20 s at 400 °C. The sensing mechanism of this new type CO2 sensor was discussed.
Intermediacy of Rapidly Equilibrating Classical Cations in the Solvolyses of 4-Methylene-2ax-adamantyl p-Toluenesulfonate
Authors: Takeuchi Ken’ichi , Kurihara Yumiko , Kitagawa Toshikazu , Kinoshita Tomomi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Although the solvolysis of title compound affords products having an adamantyl and a protoadamantyl structure in a ratio of 39:61 in methanol and 71:29 in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, indicating possible formation of a nearly symmetric cation, the retention:inversion ratios in the adamantyl product in the respective solvents are 83:17 and 82:18. The product distributions along with kinetic data support the intermediacy of rapidly equilibrating classical cations.
Regioselectivity in Epoxidation of Dienes on PW11CoO395− by Molecular Oxygen in the Presence of Aldehyde
Authors: Mizuno Noritaka , Tateishi Masaki , Hirose To-oru , Iwamoto Masakazu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The regioselectivity comparable to those on moderately hindered Mn(TTMPP)Cl with NaOCl was found for the epoxidation of (R)-(+)-limonene, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene, and 1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene on mono-cobalt-substituted Keggin-type heteropolytungstate by molecular oxygen in the presence of aldehydes.
Preparation of Polyviologen-modified TiO2 by Photocatalytic Polymerization of Bis(4-cyano-1-pyridinio)-p-xylene Dibromide
Authors: Saika Tetsuyuki , Iyoda Tomokazu , Shimidzu Takeo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Methylviologen was prepared from 4-cyano-1-methylpyridinium chroride by photocatalytic reduction using TiO2 powder. In the similar manner, insoluble polyviologen was deposited on TiO2 powder by photocatalytic polymerization of bis(4-cyano-1-pyridinio)-p-xylene dibromide. Moreover, polyviologen-polyanion complex modified TiO2 was prepared in the presence of polyanion salt.
Synthesis of Pure Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide Solution Free from Chloride Ion by the Electrolysis of Its Hydrogen Carbonate
Authors: Yagi Osamu , Shimizu Shumpei 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution free from chloride ion was produced by the electrolysis of tetramethylammonium hydrogen carbonate using a cation exchange membrane as a diaphram. The hydrogen carbonate was prepared by the reaction of trimethylamine and dimethyl carbonate in methanol.
β-Replacement Reaction in an Asymmetric Site Provided by an Artificial Enzyme Composed of a Hydrophobic Vitamin B6 and Peptide Lipids
Authors: Murakami Yukito , Hisaeda Yoshio , Miyajima Tetsuya , Kikuchi Jun-ichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
An artificial vitamin B6 enzyme composed of a hydrophobic vitamin B6, a peptide lipid, and an additional peptide lipid having (S)-binaphtol and (S)-alanine moieties exhibited a strong CD band in a ultraviolet region in an aqueous medium, and mediated enantioselective formation of tryptophan in the presence of bivalent copper ions as a tryptophan synthase-like reaction.
The Structure of a New Antifeeding Meliacarpinin from Chines Melia azedarach L.
Authors: Nakatani Munehiro , Huang Ruo Chun , Okamura Hiroaki , Iwagawa Tetsuo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A new azadirachtin related antifeedant, 1-deoxy-3-tigloyl-11-methoxymeliacarpinin, was isolated from the root bark of Chinese Melia azedarach L. It inhibited completely the feeding of the larvae of S. exigua (Boisduval) at the concentration of 3 μg/cm2 by the leaf disk method.
Oxygenation of Alkanes by Molecular Oxygen on [PW9O37{Fe2Ni(OAc)3}]10− Heteropolyanion
Authors: Mizuno Noritaka , Tateishi Masaki , Hirose To-oru , Iwamoto Masakazu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Adamantane, ethylbenzene, and cyclohexane are catalytically and selectively oxidized to the corresponding alcohols and ketones with molecular oxygen alone on PW9-Fe2Ni heteropolyanion.
Facile Cleavage of Carbon-Palladium Bonds in C60Pdn with Phosphines and Phosphites. An Alternative Route to (η2-C60)PdL2 and Discovery of Fluxionarity Suggesting the Rotation of C60 on the PdL2 Species in Solution
Authors: Nagashima Hideo , Yamaguchi Hirofumi , Kato Yoshiyuki , Saito Yahachi , Haga Masa-aki , Itoh Kenji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Carbon-palladium bonds in C60Pdn are easily cleaved with phosphines and phosphites to afford Ce60[PdL2]n. The reaction with C60Pdn (n = 1.0–1.4) offers an alternative synthetic route to C60PdL2. Fluxional behavior indicating rotation of C60 on the PdL2 species in solution is observed on 13C NMR spectra of C60PdL2, where L = PMe2Ph, PPh2Me, and P(OMe)3.
Polycondensation of Long-chain Esters of Aromatic Amino Acids in Monolayer at the Air/water Interface
Authors: Liu Ming-hua , Nakahara Hiroo , Shibasaki Yoshio , Fukuda Kiyoshige 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Polycondensation of octadecyl esters of aromatic amino acids (L-TrpC18, L-TyrC18, L-PheC18) can be markedly accelerated in the monolayers on the aqueous subphase of pH 8. The reaction rate was ten times or more faster than in the bulk solid. There exist optimum molecular packing and orientation for the polycondensation. The resultant poly-ammo acids take α-helix and/or random coil conformations.
Visible-light Induced Photocatalytic Fixation of CO2 into Benzophenone Using Poly(p-phenylene) as a Photocatalyst
Authors: Ogata Tomoyuki , Hiranaga Kunizo , Matsuoka Shinjiro , Wada Yuji , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Photoreductive fixation of CO2 into benzophenone can be achieved in a CO2-saturated DMF solution by using poly(p-phenylene) as a heterogeneous photocatalyst and triethylamine as an electron donor. The presence of quaternary ammonium salts increases the yield of benzilic acid as a CO2-photofixed product from benzophenone.
Rovibrational Distributions of CH(A2Δ) Produced in e-C2H2 Collisions
Authors: Tokeshi Manabu , Nakashima Keiji , Ogawa Teiichiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Emission spectra of the CH(A2Δ-X2Π) transition produced in the electron impact dissociation of acethylene have been measured. The rovibrational distributions of CH(A2Δ) depend on the electron impact energy; the rotational temperature of CH(A2Δ, v′ = 0) varied from 3200 K at 17 eV to 2500 K at 100 eV, and the ratio of the vibrational populations (P(v′ = 1)/P(v′ = 0)) varied from 0.45 at 17 eV to 0.80 at 100 eV.
Der literarische Judenstern. Die Indizierung der „jüdischen“ Rechtsliteratur im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland
Authors: Jung Otmar 
Published: April 2006

Vorspann
Dass ein Wahnsystem nach Perfektion strebt, ist in der Psychiatrie ein bekanntes Phänomen. Auch am Antisemitismus lässt sich das beobachten, wobei niemand dies so nachhaltig unter Beweis gestellt hat wie die Nationalsozialisten. Ihre Politik zielte in letzter Konsequenz nicht nur auf die Ausrottung einer ganzen Ethnie, sondern immer auch auf die Vernichtung ihres kulturellen Erbes. Wie aber ließ sich der jüdische Beitrag in Wissenschaft und Kultur auslöschen? War es wirklich möglich, seine tiefen Spuren, die er in Deutschland hinterlassen hatte, innerhalb weniger Jahre zu tilgen?