bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children extract a new linguistic rule more quickly than adults
Authors: Berger Sarah , Batterink Laura J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChildren achieve better long‐term language outcomes than adults. However, it remains unclear whether children actually learn language more quickly than adults during real‐time exposure to input—indicative of true superior language learning abilities—or whether this advantage stems from other factors. To examine this issue, we compared the rate at which children (8–10 years) and adults extracted a novel, hidden linguistic rule, in which novel articles probabilistically predicted the animacy of associated nouns (e.g., “gi lion”). Participants categorized these two‐word phrases according to a second, explicitly instructed rule over two sessions, separated by an overnight delay. Both children and adults successfully learned the hidden animacy rule through mere exposure to the phrases, showing slower response times and decreased accuracy to occasional phrases that violated the rule. Critically, sensitivity to the hidden rule emerged much more quickly in children than adults; children showed a processing cost for violation trials from very early on in learning, whereas adults did not show reliable sensitivity to the rule until the second session. Children also showed superior generalization of the hidden animacy rule when asked to classify nonword trials (e.g., “gi badupi”) according to the hidden animacy rule. Children and adults showed similar retention of the hidden rule over the delay period. These results provide insight into the nature of the critical period for language, suggesting that children have a true advantage over adults in the rate of implicit language learning. Relative to adults, children more rapidly extract hidden linguistic structures during real‐time language exposure.Research Highlights
Children and adults both succeeded in implicitly learning a novel, uninstructed linguistic rule, based solely on exposure to input.
Children learned the novel linguistic rules much more quickly than adults.
Children showed better generalization performance than adults when asked to apply the novel rule to nonsense words without semantic content.
Results provide insight into the nature of critical period effects in language, indicating that children have an advantage over adults in real‐time language learning.
During an 18‐month course of automated insulin delivery treatment, children aged 2 to 6 years achieve and maintain a higher time in tight range
Authors: Pulkkinen Mari‐Anne , Varimo Tero J. , Hakonen Elina T. , Hero Matti T. , Miettinen Päivi J. , Tuomaala Anna‐Kaisa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether the positive effects on glycaemic outcomes of 3‐month automated insulin delivery (AID) achieved in 2‐ to 6‐year‐old children endure over an extended duration and how AID treatment affects time in tight range (TITR), defined as 3.9–7.8 mmol/L.Research Design and MethodsWe analysed 18 months of follow‐up data from a non‐randomized, prospective, single‐arm clinical trial (n = 35) conducted between 2021 and 2023. The main outcome measures were changes in time in range (TIR), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), time above range (TAR), TITR, and mean sensor glucose (SG) value during follow‐up visits (at 0, 6, 12 and 18 months). The MiniMed 780G AID system in SmartGuard Mode was used for 18 months. Parental diabetes distress was evaluated at 3 and 18 months with the validated Problem Areas in Diabetes—Parent, revised (PAID‐PR) survey.ResultsBetween 0 and 6 months, TIR and TITR increased, and HbA1c, mean SG value and TAR decreased significantly (p < 0.001); the favourable effect persisted through 18 months of follow‐up. Between 3 and 18 months, PAID‐PR score declined significantly (0 months: mean score 37.5; 3 months: mean score 28.6 [p = 0.06]; 18 months: mean score 24.6 [p < 0.001]).ConclusionsTreatment with AID significantly increased TITR and TIR in young children. The positive effect of AID on glycaemic control observed after 6 months persisted throughout the 18 months of follow‐up. Similarly, parental diabetes distress remained reduced during 18 months follow‐up. These findings are reassuring and suggest that AID treatment improves glycaemic control and reduces parental diabetes distress in young children over an extended 18‐month follow‐up.
How not to measure the standard of living: Male wages, non‐market production and household income in nineteenth‐century Europe
Authors: Burnette Joyce 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile real male wages can be used to measure input costs, they do not provide accurate measures of the standard of living. This paper uses detailed accounts of nineteenth‐century European families collected by Le Play and his colleagues to demonstrate the importance of non‐market production for household consumption. If we measure income from all sources, including non‐market production, the British advantage in material consumption was only about half of the British advantage in male wages. While British male wages were high, British wives worked less and British families were more dependent on the income of the male head than continental families.
Optimized fertilization mitigated carbon and nitrogen losses in a Solonchak
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Liu Ji , Feng Ying , Hao Xingming , Liang Yanning , Xue Lihua , Zhao Xiaoning 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the rapid expansion of agriculture on saline–alkaline soils, environmental problems such as increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, eutrophication and soil degradation are becoming increasingly serious. To clarify the characteristics of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling and their loss mechanisms in cultivated saline–alkaline soils, an undisturbed soil column experiment was conducted to analyse C and N leaching and GHG emissions by applying different fertilizer rates. The experiment had six treatments using N‐(NH4)SO4 over a 40‐day seedling stage, with and without maize. Treatments were: no N with maize (0Nmaize: 0 kg N ha−1), reduced N with maize (RNmaize: 63 kg N ha−1), conventional N with maize (CNmaize: 160 kg N ha−1) and their equivalents without maize (0Nsoil: 0 kg N ha−1; RNsoil: 63 kg N ha−1; CNsoil: 160 kg N ha−1). The results indicated that reduced N with maize reduced the N2O emission by 21%, with N leaching (TN: 41%, NO3−–N: 19%, NH4+ − N: 63%) within 15 days after fertilization, but had no significant effect on CH4 emission compared to conventional N with maize. Therefore, reduced N with maize had the smallest N loss, which accounted for 1.5% of the relative percentage of N flow including N2O (0.3%), N leaching (2%), aboveground biomass N (76%) and root biomass N (22%). Compared to conventional N with maize, reduced N with maize significantly reduced N leaching by 40% because conventional N with maize greatly exceeded the crop N uptake when maize root length was only within 20 cm. Reduced N without maize reduced CO2 emission (19%) compared to conventional N without maize. Uncultivated saline–alkaline soils face greater N overuse and leaching risk because higher NO3−–N leaching (6.9 mg L−1) that occurred in bare soils without fertilization, which increased by 2.6–3.6 times when the N input increased from 63 to 160 kg N ha−1 compared to control. In conclusion, reducing conventional N fertilizer inputs by 60% is not only an effective strategy to reduce CO2 and N2O emission and N leaching but also effectively absorbs C, and the N retained in the soil tillage layer can help to meet maize seedling growth requirements in Solonchaks.
Fucoidan suppresses proliferation and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process via Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in hemangioma
Authors: Zhu Zhengyumeng , Luo Jialiang , Li Lei , Wang Di , Xu Qishan , Teng Jianan , Zhou Jia , Sun Ledong , Yu Nansheng , Zuo Daming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHemangioma is a common benign tumour that usually occurs on the skin of the head and neck, particularly among infants. The current clinical treatment against hemangioma is surgery excision, however, application of drug is a safer and more economical therapy for children suffering from hemangioma. As a natural sulfated polysaccharide rich in brown algae, fucoidan is widely recognized for anti‐tumour bioactivity and dosage safety in humans. This study aims to demonstrate the anti‐tumour effect and underlying mechanism of fucoidan against hemangioma in vivo and in vitro. We investigated the effects of fucoidan by culturing hemangioma cells in vitro and treating BALB/c mice bearing with hemangioma. At first, we measured the cell proliferation and migration ability through in vitro experiments. Then, we tested the expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway‐related biomarkers by western blot and qPCR. Furthermore, we applied β‐catenin‐specific inhibitor, XAV939, to determine whether fucoidan suppressed EMT via the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in hemangioma cells. In vivo experiments, we applied oral gavage of fucoidan to treat EOMA‐bearing mice, along with evaluating the safety and efficacy of fucoidan. We found that fucoidan remarkably inhibits the proliferation and EMT ability of hemangioma cells, which is dependent on the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. These results suggest that fucoidan exhibits tumour inhibitory effect on aggressive hemangioma via regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway both in vitro and in vivo, providing a new potent drug candidate for treating hemangioma.
Impact of IRGM gene promoter polymorphisms on susceptibility to chronic HBV infection
Authors: Cheng Hai , Ouyang Yaoling , Li Chengbin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe autophagy gene immunity‐related GTPase M (IRGM) can affect the immune response against intracellular pathogens. The study was performed to determine any possible association between three IRGM single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4958842, rs4958843 and rs4958846) and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A total of 171 chronic HBV‐infected individuals and 171 healthy controls were collected. Peripheral blood cells and Sanger sequencing were used to extract genomic DNA and determine the SNP genotypes, respectively. The C allele of rs4958843 is a risk factor for chronic HBV infection in various genetic models, including allelic, codominant and dominant models, with the following respective statistical data: allelic (T vs. C: OR = 1.371, 95% CI = 1.009–1.863, p = .043), codominant (TT vs. CC: OR = 2.137, 95% CI = 1.104–4.138, p = .024) and dominant (TT + TC vs. CC: OR = 1.976, 95% CI = 1.106–3.533, p = .021) models. The genotype and allele distributions of rs4958842 and rs4958846 showed no significant differences between chronic HBV infection patients and healthy controls. IRGM rs4958843 CC genotype carriers had significantly elevated values of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase alpha‐fetoprotein and total bilirubin (OR = 3.467, 95%CI = 1.167–10.298), which was positively associated with the disease progression of HBV infection. Mutant allele C of IRGM rs4958843 polymorphism is associated with the risk of chronic HBV infection in the Han people in central China and contributes to the disease progression.
Prevalence and impact on daily life of lower urinary tract symptoms in Japan: Results of the 2023 Japan Community Health Survey (JaCS 2023)
Authors: Mitsui Takahiko , Sekido Noritoshi , Masumori Naoya , Haga Nobuhiro , Omae Kenji , Saito Motoaki , Kubota Yasue , Sakakibara Ryuji , Yoshida Mikako , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesA large‐scale nationwide epidemiological survey of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was conducted via the Internet in 2023 to clarify the current prevalence of LUTS and evaluate its impact on daily life in Japan.MethodsThe survey was conducted among individuals aged 20–99 years old who had anonymously registered with a Japanese online research company. The survey consisted of 48 questions related to LUTS and daily life.ResultsA total of 6210 participants (3088 females and 3122 males), who were selected by probability sampling based on the composition of the Japanese population (age range: 20–99), were recruited. The overall prevalence of LUTS was 77.9% among the subjects aged ≥20 and 82.5% among those aged ≥40. The prevalence of LUTS differed between the sexes and trends toward significant increases in prevalence with age were seen for almost all LUTS. Furthermore, the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) was 11.9% among the subjects aged ≥20 and 13.8% among those aged ≥40. This study also showed that LUTS negatively affected daily life. However, the percentage of subjects who visited a physician to receive treatment for LUTS was low, including for participants with a history of treatment for LUTS, although this increased with age.ConclusionThe prevalence of LUTS, including OAB, increased with age and negatively affected daily life. However, since the percentage of patients who visit a physician to receive treatment for LUTS remains low, further educational activities regarding LUTS are necessary.
Sustainable employability of long‐term care staff in self‐managing teams: A qualitative study
Authors: Heijkants Ceciel H. , De Wind Astrid , Van Hooff Madelon L. M. , Geurts Sabine A. E. , Boot Cécile R. L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo discover what long‐term care (LTC) staff working in self‐managing teams consider necessary to remain sustainably employable.DesignQualitative study with semi‐structured interviews.MethodsIn 2020, semi‐structured interviews were conducted one‐on‐one with 25 LTC workers from a medium‐large Dutch organization providing long‐term care. All interviews were audio‐recorded, anonymously transcribed verbatim and analysed with thematic content analysis in the software program Atlas.ti.ResultsLTC workers indicated a need for autonomy. They wanted their control and involvement in decisions to be strengthened. Furthermore, LTC workers indicated a need for relatedness, by experiencing support, a feeling of togetherness and more time to have attention for the residents. Lastly, LTC workers expressed a need for (assistance in) further developing their competence.ConclusionIn order to remain willing and able to work, LTC workers in self‐managing teams want their needs for autonomy, relatedness and competence to be addressed. Working conditions are important to these LTC workers' sustainable employability since they can hinder or promote the satisfaction of their needs.ImplicationsIt is important that management in LTC is aware of the importance of LTC workers' needs for sustainable employability. We recommend that management critically reflect on and invest in addressing these needs by enhancing indicators and limiting inhibitors of the needs.Impact

A robust LTC workforce is necessary to provide care to the aging population. In the context of the increasing implementation of self‐managing teams in LTC organizations, understanding what workers in self‐managing teams need in order to remain sustainably employable is crucial.

For sustainable employability (i.e. to remain willing and able to work), interviewees indicated a need for autonomy, relatedness, and competence. Nearly all participants stressed the importance of belonging and feeling connected. Working conditions seemed to relate not only directly to the sustainable employability of LTC staff but also indirectly through their lack of contribution to the satisfaction of workers' psychological needs.

The outcomes of this study primarily impact workers and management within LTC organizations with self‐managing teams. They benefit from recognizing the significance of addressing workers' needs to ensure their essential and sustainable employability in the sector.

Reporting MethodThe Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative (COREQ) research were used.Patient or Public ContributionTwo LTC workers provided advice and feedback regarding the materials and set up of the interviews. These two ambassadors additionally helped in reaching our population, by disseminating information about the study.
Facilitating planned home death: A qualitative study on home care nurses' experiences of enablers and barriers
Authors: Sørstrøm Anne Kristine , Ludvigsen Mette Spliid , Kymre Ingjerd Gåre 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore home care nurses' experience of enablers and barriers for planned home death in municipal health care.DesignA focused ethnography.MethodsThis qualitative study collected data from 20 semi‐structured interviews of home care nurses and 8.5 h of participant observations. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe findings in our study show that home care nurses consider supportive cultures, a commitment to safety and continuity when facilitating planned home deaths and family rotations to be enablers for planned home deaths. Barriers to planned home deaths involve a lack of palliative experience affecting confidence, shortages of nurses and medical supplies and night shift challenges.ConclusionThis study underscores the need for supportive organizational cultures, ongoing education and improved communication and staffing policies to enhance the quality of care and the experiences of patients and home care nurses, especially in the context of planned home deaths.ImpactThe study adds knowledge to the evidence base of the practice of facilitating planned home deaths. The findings of the study could offer valuable insights for shaping future policies or devising effective implementation strategies.Reporting MethodAdherence to the COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative research was maintained.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.What Does this Article Contribute to the Wider Global Clinical Community?

Identified enablers and barriers provide a new perspective, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of planning home deaths.

The study emphasizes supportive cultures, safety commitment and family rotations as crucial for planned home deaths, guiding healthcare professionals to adopt best practices and enhance palliative care quality.
Association between vision impairment and increased prevalence of falls in older US adults
Authors: Jin Huiyan , Zhou Yunshu , Stagg Brian C. , Ehrlich Joshua R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundVision impairment (VI) is associated with falls in older adults. However, past studies have relied on geographically constrained samples with limited generalizability or self‐reports of visual difficulty. To date, there have not been nationally representative studies on the association of objective measures of visual function and falls outcomes.MethodsWe used cross‐sectional data from Round 11 of National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative panel study of age‐eligible Medicare beneficiaries (N = 2951). We performed Poisson regression to calculate the prevalence and prevalence ratio (PR) of >1 fall in the past year, any fall in the past month, fear of falling (FoF), and activity limitation due to FoF as a function of distance visual acuity, near visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity. Models were adjusted for demographic and health covariates and were weighted to make nationally representative parameter estimates.ResultsThe weighted proportion of participants with VI was 27.6% (95% CI, 25.4%–29.9%). Individuals with any VI had a higher prevalence of falls compared with those without VI (18.5% vs. 14.1%, PR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02–1.53). Specifically, contrast sensitivity impairment was associated with a higher prevalence of recurrent falls (20.8% vs. 14.7%; PR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.67) and recent falls (17.1% vs. 9.9%; PR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.01–1.94). This relationship existed even independent of near and distance visual acuity. Distance and near visual acuity were not significantly associated with falls. Having any VI was also associated with a higher prevalence of FoF (38.4% vs. 30.5%, PR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.02–1.34).ConclusionThe prevalence of falls is associated with poor contrast sensitivity but not with near or distance visual acuity. Findings suggest greater collaboration between geriatricians and eye care providers may be warranted to assess and address fall risk in older adults with VI.
NK3R signalling in the posterodorsal medial amygdala is involved in stress‐induced suppression of pulsatile LH secretion in female mice
Authors: Ivanova Deyana , Voliotis Margaritis , Tsaneva‐Atanasova Krasimira , O'Byrne Kevin T. , Li Xiao‐Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPsychosocial stress negatively impacts reproductive function by inhibiting pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. The posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) is responsible in part for processing stress and modulating the reproductive axis. Activation of the neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) suppresses the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator, under hypoestrogenic conditions, and NK3R activity in the amygdala has been documented to play a role in stress and anxiety. We investigate whether NK3R activation in the MePD is involved in mediating the inhibitory effect of psychosocial stress on LH pulsatility in ovariectomised female mice. First, we administered senktide, an NK3R agonist, into the MePD and monitored the effect on pulsatile LH secretion. We then delivered SB222200, a selective NK3R antagonist, intra‐MePD in the presence of predator odour, 2,4,5‐trimethylthiazole (TMT) and examined the effect on LH pulses. Senktide administration into the MePD dose‐dependently suppresses pulsatile LH secretion. Moreover, NK3R signalling in the MePD mediates TMT‐induced suppression of the GnRH pulse generator, which we verified using a mathematical model. The model verifies our experimental findings: (i) predator odour exposure inhibits LH pulses, (ii) activation of NK3R in the MePD inhibits LH pulses and (iii) NK3R antagonism in the MePD blocks stressor‐induced inhibition of LH pulse frequency in the absence of ovarian steroids. These results demonstrate for the first time that NK3R neurons in the MePD mediate psychosocial stress‐induced suppression of the GnRH pulse generator.
Twenty‐four hour continuous transvenous temporary right ventricular pacing in healthy horses
Authors: Avison Amanda , Gelzer Anna R. , Reef Virginia B. , Wulster Bills Kathryn B. , de Solis Cris Navas , Kraus Marc S. , Slack JoAnn , Stefanovski Darko , Deacon Lindsay J. , Underwood Claire 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to perform transvenous temporary cardiac pacing (TV‐TP) is critical to stabilize horses with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. Reports of successful TV‐TP in horses are limited, and only briefly describe short‐term pacing.ObjectiveTo describe temporary, medium‐term (24 h) transvenous right ventricular pacing in awake horses using a bipolar torque‐directed pacing catheter.AnimalsSix healthy adult institutional teaching horses.MethodsProspective experimental study with 2 immediately successive TV‐TP lead placements in each horse with a target location of the RV apex. One placement was performed primarily with echocardiographic guidance and 1 primarily with fluoroscopic guidance. In all placements, corresponding images were obtained with both imaging modalities. Horses were then paced for 24 h, unrestricted in a stall with continuous telemetric ECG monitoring. Echocardiographically determined lead position, episodes of pacing failure in the preceding 6 h, and pacing thresholds were recorded every 6 h. Pacing failure was defined as a period of loss of capture longer than 20 s.ResultsPacing leads were placed with both guidance methods and maintained for 24 h with no complications. Two horses with leads angled caudally in the right ventricular apex had no pacing failure, the remaining 4 horses had varying degrees of loss of capture. Leads located in the right ventricular apex had longer time to pacing failure and lower capture thresholds P < 0.05.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMedium‐term TV‐TP is feasible and has potential for stabilization of horses with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. Lead position in the right ventricular apex appears optimal. Continuous ECG monitoring is recommended to detect pacing failure.