bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex vivo hypothermic recirculatory adenoviral gene transfer to the transplanted pig heart
Authors: Oi Keiji , Davies William R. , Tazelaar Henry D. , Bailey Kent R. , Federspiel Mark J. , Russell Stephen J. , McGregor Christopher G. A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundTo facilitate the application of adenoviral gene therapy in clinical heart transplantation, we developed an ex vivo hypothermic recirculatory adenoviral gene transfer method to the transplanted pig heart.MethodsExperimental animals were assigned into three groups; controls, 1 × 108 plaque‐forming units (pfu)/ml group and 1 × 109 pfu/ml group. During the 30 min gene transfer perfusion, 200 ml of University of Wisconsin solution containing the adenoviral vector was recirculated through the coronary vessels. The myocardial temperature was maintained below 4 °C and the perfusion pressure was adjusted at 50 mmHg.ResultsCardiac myocyte transduction efficiencies in the 1 × 108 pfu/ml group were 0.04% and 0.07%, whereas transduction efficiencies in the 1 × 109 pfu/ml group were widely distributed from 0.45% to 22.62%. The gene transduction efficiency increased with the virus titer. Additionally, no difference in the transduction efficiency was observed between different segments of the left ventricle. The current gene transfer method at 1 × 109 pfu/ml of adenovirus titer enabled homogeneous gene transduction into the transplanted pig heart up to a maximum of 22.62%.ConclusionsThis model can be applied to a large isolated heart and will greatly facilitate the investigation of gene therapy in large animal models of heart transplantation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vitamin C stability in encapsulated green West Indian cherry juice and in encapsulated synthetic ascorbic acid
Authors: Righetto Andréa Mara , Netto Flavia Maria 
Published: May 2006

AbstractKinetic studies on the degradation of vitamin C and nonenzymatic browning of green West Indian cherry juice and synthetic ascorbic acid, encapsulated in maltodextrin DE20 and a mixture of this with gum arabic, were carried out at different temperatures (15, 25, 35 and 45 °C). Vitamin C degradation followed the first‐order and nonenzymatic browning a zero‐order kinetic model. At higher storage temperatures the formulation containing a mixture of maltodextrin and gum arabic (3:1) was the most effective for vitamin C protection. An increase in storage temperature showed a greater impact on the degradation of synthetic vitamin C than on that of the green West Indian cherry juice. These differences could be due to the presence of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, protecting the vitamin C. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical characterization of tomato pomace
Authors: Del Valle Marcos , Cámara Montaña , Torija Maria‐Esperanza 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTomato‐processing by‐product, also known as tomato pomace, consists of peel and seeds and represents around 4% of the fruit weight. If these wastes remain unused, they not only add to the disposal problem but also aggravate environmental pollution. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the chemical composition of tomato pomace collected at different steps during industrial processing in order to assess the quality of this by‐product. Twenty‐one tomato pomace samples were considered for analysis. Samples corresponded to different steps during tomato processing for paste: seven after pulper, five after finisher, six before turbopress and three after turbopress. Samples were analyzed for moisture content, total and soluble sugars, protein, fat, soluble and total fiber, as well as mineral content. From the results obtained we can conclude that tomato pomace composition (in dry weight basis) is as follows: 59.03% fiber, 25.73% total sugars, 19.27% protein, 7.55% pectins, 5.85% total fat and 3.92% minerals. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Mobile‐phase pH influence on the retention of some benzoic acid derivatives in reversed‐phase chromatography
Authors: Karasová Gabriela , Kowalska Sylwia , Lehotay Jozef , Buszewski Boguslaw 
Published: May 2006

AbstractFive end‐capped octadecyl RP stationary phases, among which one was a polar embedded stationary phase, were tested for the analysis of benzoic acid derivatives using two mobile phases with or without addition of formic acid (water pH was measured by a common approach; pH of water with addition of formic acid was 3.0 and without formic acid 5.8). The influence of mobile‐phase pH on the retention of benzoic acid derivatives was under study. Consequently, Purospher‐STAR and Alltima columns provided symmetrical peaks for benzoic acid derivatives at pH 3.0 and also at pH 5.8. Reprosil and Symmetry stationary phases showed poor peak shapes at higher pH of the mobile phase. Differences between the tested columns may be caused by surface heterogeneity. Another reason may be the presence of some atoms creating additional adsorption sites on the surface of Reprosil and Symmetry stationary phases. This can lead to enhanced silanol activity resulting in peak tailing. The addition of formic acid into the mobile phase improved peak shapes. The polar embedded C18 stationary‐phase Synergi‐Fusion‐RP appeared as not a suitable column for the analysis of benzoic acid derivatives. Synergi‐Fusion‐RP provided asymmetrical peaks even if formic acid was added into the mobile phase.
Comparison of sample preparation methods combined with fast gas chromatography – mass spectrometry for ultratrace analysis of pesticide residues in baby food
Authors: Hercegová Andrea , Dömötörová Milena , Kružlicová Dáša , Matisová Eva 
Published: May 2006

AbstractFour sample preparation techniques were compared for the ultratrace analysis of pesticide residues in baby food: (a) modified Schenck's method based on ACN extraction with SPE cleaning; (b) quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method based on ACN extraction and dispersive SPE; (c) modified QuEChERS method which utilizes column‐based SPE instead of dispersive SPE; and (d) matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD). The methods were combined with fast gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometric analysis. The effectiveness of clean‐up of the final extract was determined by comparison of the chromatograms obtained. Time consumption, laboriousness, demands on glassware and working place, and consumption of chemicals, especially solvents, increase in the following order QuEChERS < modified QuEChERS < MSPD < modified Schenck's method. All methods offer satisfactory analytical characteristics at the concentration levels of 5, 10, and 100 μg/kg in terms of recoveries and repeatability. Recoveries obtained for the modified QuEChERS method were lower than for the original QuEChERS. In general the best LOQs were obtained for the modified Schenck's method. Modified QuEChERS method provides 21–72% better LOQs than the original method.
Soil degradation processes and plant colonization in abandoned terraced fields overlying pumice tuffs
Authors: Arbelo C. D. , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez A. , Guerra J. A. , Mora J. L. , Notario J. S. , Fuentes F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe state of soil degradation/regeneration in abandoned agricultural terraced fields over pumiceous tuffs has been assessed in this paper. In an initial stage, the relationships between soil types, surface microfeatures as indicators of soil degradation, physicochemical properties, plant colonization and vegetation structure were studied by means of multivariate statistical analyses (PCA, DCA, CCA and TWINSPAN®). Aerial photographs interpretation, DEMs and field surveys allowed us to identify 47 different environments for abandoned fields along 7 altitudinal transects (33 abandoned field terraces). In each study site, an inventory of the existing plant species and of morphological surface microfeatures were also made, by the line‐intercept method.Plant colonization in the field plots studied relates to the variation of soils properties according to a climatic altitudinal gradient. The soil properties most closely related to the abandonment age (decrease of soil salinity and clay content, and increase of soil alkalinity and total organic C and N), have contributed to the growth of plant communities with a high degree of climacity.The protection degree offered to the soils by the different vegetation types as a function of their structure and life‐forms strongly determines the occurrence of the different soil surface microfeatures as indicators of soil degradation or recovery.The acceleration of the early stages of succession by active planting of seeds from shrub species in the lower and upper areas, followed by reforestation in the latter ones, may be the best improvement practices to achieve an effective ecological recovery of the fields and simultaneously to attenuate soil degradation. The reassuming of agriculture may be desirable in those fields placed in middle heights, provided they show the best soil and climate conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The application of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of metastatic endobronchial disease
Authors: Magro Cynthia M. , Abbas Abbas E. , Ross Patrick 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe utilized photodynamic therapy (PDT) for palliation of metastatic endobronchial tumors employing sensitization with synthetic porphyrin, application of non‐thermal light, and endoscopic debridement of necrotic tumor.Study Design/Materials and MethodsNine patients with symptomatic endobronchial metastasis from carcinomas of the colon(3), breast(3), kidney(2), and tongue(1) received PDT.ResultsAfter two PDT treatments, patients showed substantial response, which was complete in all but one. One patient had perioperative complications and expired 2 days after developing massive hemoptysis during tumor debridement. Patient survival was 6.38 months (mean) and 4.2 months (median). Most patients died from advanced metastatic disease. One patient with metastasis limited to the airway is still alive 24 months following endobronchial presentation.ConclusionsPDT ameliorates symptoms of metastatic airway obstruction, is easy to apply, has low morbidity and improves the quality of life. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted photodynamic therapy
Authors: Solban Nicolas , Rizvi Imran , Hasan Tayyaba 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging modality for the treatment of various neoplastic and non‐neoplastic pathologies.Study Design/Materials and MethodsPDT usually occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from light‐activated chemicals (photosensitizer, PS) destroy the target. For non‐dermatologic applications the PS are delivered systemically and accumulate, at different concentrations, in most organs.Results and ConclusionTypically there is a modest enhanced accumulation of the PS in tumor tissues, providing a first level of selectivity. Additional selectivity is provided by the confined illumination of the target area with the appropriate wavelength of light. For the treatment of pathologies in complex anatomical sites, such as in the peritoneal cavity, where restricted illumination is difficult; improved targeting of the PS is necessary to prevent damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. This article will focus on targeted PDT. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photophysical and Electroluminescent Properties of Hyperbranched Polyfluorenes
Authors: Ding Liming , Bo Zhishan , Chu Qinghui , Li Jing , Dai Liming , Pang Yi , Karasz Frank E. , Durstock Michael F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary: Properties of a series of hyperbranched polyfluorenes were investigated. Increasing the benzene “crosspoint” density blue‐shifts the absorption and PL since the crosspoints interrupt π‐electron conjugation, decreasing conjugation length, and thus increasing chromophore band gap. The relative intensity of S10 → S00 transition in PL increases with crosspoint density increase, indicating that the energy and the energy distribution of vibronic transitions were controlled by hyperbranch structure. When the polymer solution is cooled down, the lattice vibration is reduced and the effective conjugation length (coherence length for electron wavefunction) is increased, thus causing bathochromic shift in absorption and PL. These polymers do not favor excimer formation in solution due to their remarkable rigidity and extra‐large molecular size. With increase in crosspoint density, LED color changed from green to violet. In double‐layer LEDs, PPV not only improves hole injection/transport but also contributes to device emission through its bulk emission and interfacial emission as a result of interfacial energy transfer. Higher electrical field favors interfacial energy transfer probably by facilitating hole–electron recombination and by encouraging the excitons formed in polyfluorene layer to migrate to the interface and to further diffuse into PPV layer. The polymer with more crosspoints shows higher EL efficiency. The crosspoints interrupt π‐electron conjugation, isolate excitons and inhibit intrachain exciton annihilation. They can also increase rigidity of the macromolecular backbone, and the large spatial hindrance of these macromolecules makes the molecular packing very difficult, thus decreasing interchain exciton annihilation. All these structural features help to increase exciton lifetime and improve LED performance.Synthesis of the hyperbranched polyfluorenes.magnified imageSynthesis of the hyperbranched polyfluorenes.
Double Yielding in Injection‐Molded Polycarbonate/Polyethylene Blends: Composition Dependence
Authors: Pan Ji‐Lin , Li Zhong‐Ming , Ning Nan‐Ying , Yang Shuying 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary: A fiber‐dependent double yielding phenomenon was recently observed in a structurally different blend, PC/HDPE, in which the first yield point is yielding of HDPE, and the second is caused by the yielding of injection‐induced PC fibers. The present study described the composition dependence of the double yielding in PC/HDPE blends with PC contents ranging from 0 to 45 wt.‐%. Morphology observation indicated that the injection‐molded PC/HDPE blends displayed a typical skin‐core structure with more or less injection‐induced elongated PC particles in the sub‐skin layers, and spherical PC particles in the core layers. Stress‐strain curves indicated that the blends with PC contents from 10 to 20 wt.‐% exhibit double yielding behavior and the cold drawing zone after the second yield point shortens with increasing PC content. The blends with too low‐ or too high‐PC contents exhibited only one yield point. Scanning electronic microscope micrographs of the blend with 15 wt.‐% PC showed that when the strain was beyond the first yield point the PC fibers notably yielded and even were broken, which served as an evidence that the yielding of PC phase was responsible for the second yielding. The origin of the composition dependence of the double yielding was discussed in detail through the interfacial stress transfer.Representative stress‐strain curves for PE10, PE15, PE17.5, and PE20.imageRepresentative stress‐strain curves for PE10, PE15, PE17.5, and PE20.
Structure and Properties of Maleated Linear Low‐Density Polyethylene and Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Blends
Authors: Kosaka Priscila M. , Kawano Yoshio , Fantini Márcia C. A. , Petri Denise F. S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary: Blends of M‐LLDPE and CAB were prepared in an internal laboratory mixer with 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt.‐% of CAB. Structure and properties of the blends were studied by means of tensile tests, DSC, SEM, extraction with a selective solvent, Raman spectroscopy and XRD. Blends prepared with 5 and 10 wt.‐% of CAB displayed the best mechanical properties. SEM and extraction with a selective solvent followed by Raman spectroscopy showed good interfacial adhesion between CAB and M‐LLDPE. No significant change on the melting temperatures (Tm) of the M‐LLDPE/CAB blends could be observed when compared with the Tm obtained for pure M‐LLDPE. XRD demonstrated that the addition of CAB has no influence on the lattice constants of M‐LLDPE, but the introduction of CAB increased the amorphous region, confirming that the miscibility occurs on the amorphous region of the polyethylene.SEM image of the cryofracture surface of CAB‐20%.imageSEM image of the cryofracture surface of CAB‐20%.
Curing Kinetics of Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A and Diaminodiphenylmethane Using a Mechanistic Model
Authors: Liu Guodong , Zhao Bin , Zhou Xiaofang , Wang Jiaxi , Gao Jungang , Qu Xiongwei , Zhang Liucheng 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary: The curing kinetics of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) was analyzed using isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) modes by using a simple mechanistic model which includes two rate constants, k1 and k2, two reaction orders, n1 and n2, and the ratio of initial concentration of hydroxyl group to initial epoxy concentration, c0. Analyses of DSC data indicated that an autocatalytic reaction existed in the curing process. The mechanistic model proposed in this paper fits the experimental data exactly. Rate constants, k1 and k2 have been found to increase with rising curing temperature. The activation energies for the relative reactions were determined to be 66.00 ± 4.21 and 50.74 ± 8.92 kJ/mol, respectively. The complex equivalent constant, K, decreased with increasing temperature. Diffusion control was incorporated to describe the cure in the latter stages.Comparison of experimental data with the mechanistic model for the curing kinetics of DGEBA with DDM.magnified imageComparison of experimental data with the mechanistic model for the curing kinetics of DGEBA with DDM.
Morphologies of Diblock Copolymer/Homopolymer Blend Films
Authors: Huang Yongmin , Liu Honglai , Hu Ying 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary: Using bond length fluctuation and cavity diffusion algorithm, the morphologies of diblock copolymer/homopolymer blend films, AB/C and AB/A, confined between two hard walls are studied via Monte Carlo (MC) simulation on a cubic lattice. For the AB/C film, the C homopolymer is supposed to be more compatible with the A block than with the B block, while A and B are mutually incompatible. Effects of the composition of the diblock copolymer/homopolymer mixture, the symmetry of the diblock copolymer chain, the film thickness and the selective wall field on morphologies are studied in detail. Furthermore, the simulated results are compared with that of corresponding ABA and ABC triblock copolymer thin films. Comparisons with experiments and SCF theory also show good agreement. The results indicate that both the AB/C and AB/A can be used to prepare porous AB diblock copolymer membranes, the size of the pore channel can be controlled by the volume fraction of homopolymer C or homopolymer A.Morphology of A6B14/C10 polymer blend film.magnified imageMorphology of A6B14/C10 polymer blend film.
c‐jun/AP‐1 activation does not affect the antiproliferative activity of phenethyl isothiocyanate, a cruciferous vegetable‐derived cancer chemopreventive agent
Authors: Yao Song , Zhang Yuesheng , Li Jun 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCruciferous vegetable‐derived isothiocyanates (ITCs) display potent cancer chemopreventive activity, but also markedly stimulate oncogenic activator protein 1 (AP‐1). AP‐1 is well known to promote cell survival and proliferation. We examined the impact of AP‐1 activation on antiproliferative activity of ITCs, using bladder cancer cells and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) as models. AP‐1 transactivation induced by PEITC was almost completely suppressed by a dominant‐negative c‐jun (TAM67). However, suppression of AP‐1 transactivation did not affect PEITC‐induced apoptosis or cell‐cycle arrest. Moreover, we previously showed that in response to ITC treatment c‐jun was predominantly stimulated among AP‐1 family members largely by c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) [Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43: 1373–1380], but neither JNK inhibition nor forced expression of c‐jun altered the antiproliferative activity of PEITC. In addition, cyclin D1, which is considered as an AP‐1 target gene and promotes cell proliferation, was markedly elevated in PEITC‐treated cells. Unexpectedly, neither TAM67 or JNK inhibition, nor forced c‐jun expression had a significant impact on cyclin D1 induction by PEITC, indicating that c‐jun/AP‐1 does not play an important role in cyclin D1 induction by PEITC. In conclusion, despite the known role of c‐jun/AP‐1 as a stimulator of cell growth and proliferation, our data show that its activation does not diminish the antiproliferative activity of PEITC and is not responsible for cyclin D1 induction by PEITC. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary agents as histone deacetylase inhibitors
Authors: Myzak Melinda C. , Ho Emily , Dashwood Roderick H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn cancer cells, an imbalance often exists between histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities, and various drug companies are actively seeking competitive HDAC inhibitors for chemotherapeutic intervention. Cancer cells appear to be more sensitive than nontransformed cells to HDAC inhibitors, which disrupt the cell cycle and induce apoptosis via derepression of genes such as P21 and BAX. However, in the search for potent HDAC inhibitors with cancer therapeutic potential, a tendency exists to overlook or dismiss weak ligands that could prove effective in cancer prevention. Butyrate, diallyl disulfide (DADS), and sulforaphane (SFN) are three dietary agents that exhibit HDAC inhibitory activity in vitro and/or in vivo, and other such dietary agents probably will be discovered that affect HDAC activity. We make the distinction between ‘pharmacologic’ agents that potently derepress gene expression, during therapeutic intervention, and dietary HDAC inhibitors that, as weak ligands, might subtly regulate the expression of genes involved in cell growth and apoptosis. An important issue for future study is to determine the extent to which dietary HDAC inhibitors, by modulating genes such as p21 and Bax, enable normal, nontransformed cells to respond most effectively to external stimuli and toxic insults. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On Cauchy estimates and growth orders of entire solutions of iterated Dirac and generalized Cauchy–Riemann equations
Authors: Constales D. , De Almeida R. , Kraußhar R. S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we study the growth behaviour of entire Clifford algebra‐valued solutions to iterated Dirac and generalized Cauchy–Riemann equations in higher‐dimensional Euclidean space. Solutions to this type of systems of partial differential equations are often called k‐monogenic functions or, more generically, polymonogenic functions. In the case dealing with the Dirac operator, the function classes of polyharmonic functions are included as particular subcases. These are important for a number of concrete problems in physics and engineering, such as, for example, in the case of the biharmonic equation for elasticity problems of surfaces and for the description of the stream function in the Stokes flow regime with high viscosity.Furthermore, these equations in turn are closely related to the polywave equation, the poly‐heat equation and the poly‐Klein–Gordon equation.In the first part we develop sharp Cauchy‐type estimates for polymonogenic functions, for equations in the sense of Dirac as well as Cauchy–Riemann. Then we introduce generalizations of growth orders, of the maximum term and of the central index in this framework, which in turn then enable us to perform a quantitative asymptotic growth analysis of this function class. As concrete applications we develop some generalizations of some of Valiron's inequalities in this paper. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.