bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodoxy Confronting the Collapse of Communism in Post-Soviet Countries
Authors: Borowik Irena 
Published: May 2006

English In focusing on transformations in the religious institutions of Eastern Orthodox Europe and on the functions of Orthodoxy in the new social order that has arisen after the collapse of Communism and the Soviet empire, the author centres on the Russian Orthodox Church as the largest Eastern European Church and as the most ambitious in seeking to determine the role of Orthodoxy in the world. In this context, the analysis examines the ambiguous but close historical relation between Church and state in predominantly Orthodox countries, the inevitable role of Orthodoxy in shaping post-Communist state-political and national identities and yet the practical difficulties that Orthodox churches face in terms of resources, internal divisions, and adjustment to a religiously pluralist environment. The author concludes by stressing both the different and similar contexts in which Christian Churches in the two halves of Europe find themselves. French En prêtant attention aux transformations des institutions religieuses de l'Europe centrale orthodoxe et aux fonctions de l'orthodoxie dans le nouvel ordre social qui a émergé après la chute du communisme et de l'empire soviétique, l'auteure étudie l'Eglise russe orthodoxe en tant qu'Eglise d'Europe centrale la plus répandue et la plus ambitieuse dans sa volonté de déterminer le rôle de l'orthodoxie dans le monde. Dans ce contexte, l'auteure examine la relation historique, certes ambiguë mais proche, entre l'Eglise et l'Etat dans les pays majoritairement orthodoxes, le rôle inévitable de l'orthodoxie dans la formation des identités nationales, étatiques et politiques dans l'ère post-communiste et, en même temps, les difficultés pratiques auxquelles les Eglises sont confrontées en termes de ressources, de divisions internes et d'ajustement à un environnement religieux pluriel. Elle insiste enfin sur les similarités et les différences entre les contextes des parties orientale et occidentale de l'Europe dans lesquels se trouvent les Eglises chrétiennes.
Religion Within and Beyond Borders: The Case of Croatia
Authors: Jerolimov Dinka Marinović , Zrinščak Siniša 
Published: May 2006

English The authors analyse religiosity in Croatia from the point of view of significant differences among its regions demonstrating an array of theoretical and methodological difficulties in interpreting religious changes in the post-Communist era, particularly the revitalization of religion in some countries and the contradictory social role of religion in most countries of Central and Eastern Europe. That the differences in religiosity between Croatian regions are connected to borders with countries of different religions, nations and/or languages and with the historical as well as recent social processes is very visible. Apart from the dominant paradigms of explanation (differences in historical processes and the trend of politicization of religion and “religionization” of politics in the transitional period), the authors suggest that the possible influence of politicization must be considered over a much longer historical period, that different patterns of socio-religious development have long-lasting consequences and that the role of religion as a cultural resource for individuals and for social groups must not be neglected. French Les auteurs analysent les variantes régionales significatives de la religiosité en Croatie et mettent en lumière l'ensemble des difficultés méthodologiques et théoriques d'une interprétation des changements religieux dans la période du post-communisme, en particulier la revitalisation de la religion dans certains pays et le rôle social contradictoire de la religion dans la plupart des pays d'Europe centrale et de l'Est. On observe différents types de religiosité dans les régions croates qui doivent être mis en relation avec le pays de religion, nation et/ou langue différente dont elles sont limitrophes. Au-delà des paradigmes explicatifs dominants (les différences de processus historiques ainsi que la politisation de la religion et la'religionisation' de la politique dans la période de transition), les auteurs suggèrent que l'éventuelle influence de la politique doit être observée dans une période historique bien plus longue, que les divers types de développements socio-religieux ont des conséquences à long terme et que le rôle de la religion comme ressource culturelle pour les individus et les groupes sociaux ne doit pas être négligé.
The Catholic Citizen: Perennial Puzzle or Emergent Oxymoron?
Authors: Baggett Jerome P. 
Published: May 2006

English Why is it that, in light of strong Church teachings on social justice, American Catholics are no more civic than members of other denominations? Based on an ongoing ethnographic study of Catholic parishes in the San Francisco Bay Area, this article addresses this question through a production of culture perspective. It contends that, by facilitating Catholic identities that are loosely defined and delimiting the prospects for extended discourse on social and political concerns, local parish cultures actually, and somewhat ironically, reduce parishioners ’ capacity for discerning the political and civic ramifications of their own Church ’s teachings. French Bien que l'Eglise leur dispense un enseignement fort dans le domaine de la justice sociale, l'auteur se demande pourquoi les catholiques américains ne sont pas plus civiques que les membres des autres confessions. C'est dans une perspective culturelle qu'il a approfondi cette question au cours d'une étude ethnographique des paroisses catholiques de la région de la Baie de San Francisco. Ses conclusions vont à l'encontre de ce que, parce qu'elles facilitent la définition d'identités catholiques vagues et qu'elles cadrent les questions sociales et politiques dans des perspectives à long terme, les cultures paroissiales diminueraient - ceci est dit avec une pointe d'ironie - la capacité des paroissiens à discerner les orientations politiques et civiles présentes dans les enseignements de leur Eglise.
Serial transplantation of mismatched donor hematopoietic cells between HLA-identical sibling pairs with congenital immunodeficiency: in vivo tolerance permits rapid immune reconstitution following T-replete transplantation without GVHD in the secondary recipient
Authors: Cohen Jonathan M. , Rogers Valerie , Gaspar H. Bobby , Jones Alison , Davies E. Graham , Rao Kanchan , McCloskey Daniel J. , Gilmour Kimberley , Wynn Robert , Amrolia Persis J. , Veys Paul 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
We report serial transplantation procedures in 2 sets of brothers with X-linked primary immunodeficiency. The first boy in each family received a T-cell–depleted transplant from a mismatched donor. The recipients then acted as donors for T-replete transplantation of the “tolerized” graft into their HLA-identical brothers with the same disorder. Immune reconstitution was noted to occur at a significantly faster rate in the secondary recipients, and without the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), despite the presence of donor cells mismatched for 1 to 3 HLA antigens. This serial transplantation technique allows the primary recipient of HLA-mismatched donor cells to act as a functionally “HLA-matched” donor for subsequent affected siblings, and should be considered as a therapeutic option in families with congenital disorders.
Comparison of the epidemiology and co-morbidities of heart failure in the pediatric and adult populations: a retrospective, cross-sectional study
Authors: Webster Gregory , Zhang Jie , Rosenthal David 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome that is associated with a significant number of interventional procedures and has received a large amount of scrutiny in the adult literature; however, the epidemiology in children is less well described.

Methods
We analyzed two large, commercially available inpatient datasets collected in 1997 by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: the Kids' Inpatient Database and the National Inpatient Study, accounting for 50% of the U.S. pediatric discharges and 20% of the U.S. adult discharges in 1997.

Results
The database contained 5,610 children and 732,752 adults with a diagnosis of HF. When compared with the adult sample, the pediatric sample showed a higher proportion with cardiac procedures (61.4% vs. 0.28%, p < 0.01), a higher prevalence of congenital heart disease (61% versus 0.3%, p < 0.01), a higher percentage of male patients (50% pediatric vs. 44% adult, p < 0.01), and a lower percentage of white patients (40.9% vs. 65.6%, p < 0.01). Children had a significantly different spectrum of co-morbidities compared with adults. There was no difference in mortality rate between children and adults (7.5% vs. 7.9%, p = NS).

Conclusion
There are significant differences in the epidemiological profile of children and adults with heart failure. Children suffer from different types of co-morbidities and require different procedures in the hospital setting. As such, children with heart failure who are hospitalized may require significantly different facilities, management and therapeutic intervention than adults with similar symptoms.
A sensitive one-step real-time PCR for detection of avian influenza viruses using a MGB probe and an internal positive control
Authors: Di Trani Livia , Bedini Barbara , Donatelli Isabella , Campitelli Laura , Chiappini Barbara , De Marco Maria Alessandra , Delogu Mauro , Buonavoglia Canio , Vaccari Gabriele 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are endemic in wild birds and their introduction and conversion to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in domestic poultry is a cause of serious economic losses as well as a risk for potential transmission to humans. The ability to rapidly recognise AIVs in biological specimens is critical for limiting further spread of the disease in poultry. The advent of molecular methods such as real time polymerase chain reaction has allowed improvement of detection methods currently used in laboratories, although not all of these methods include an Internal Positive Control (IPC) to monitor for false negative results.
Therefore we developed a one-step reverse transcription real time PCR (RRT-PCR) with a Minor Groove Binder (MGB) probe for the detection of different subtypes of AIVs. This technique also includes an IPC.

Methods
RRT-PCR was developed using an improved TaqMan technology with a MGB probe to detect AI from reference viruses. Primers and probe were designed based on the matrix gene sequences from most animal and human A influenza virus subtypes. The specificity of RRT-PCR was assessed by detecting influenza A virus isolates belonging to subtypes from H1–H13 isolated in avian, human, swine and equine hosts. The analytical sensitivity of the RRT-PCR assay was determined using serial dilutions of in vitro transcribed matrix gene RNA. The use of a rodent RNA as an IPC in order not to reduce the efficiency of the assay was adopted.

Results
The RRT-PCR assay is capable to detect all tested influenza A viruses. The detection limit of the assay was shown to be between 5 and 50 RNA copies per reaction and the standard curve demonstrated a linear range from 5 to 5 × 108 copies as well as excellent reproducibility. The analytical sensitivity of the assay is 10–100 times higher than conventional RT-PCR.

Conclusion
The high sensitivity, rapidity, reproducibility and specificity of the AIV RRT-PCR with the use of IPC to monitor for false negative results can make this method suitable for diagnosis and for the evaluation of viral load in field specimens.
Gitelman-like syndrome after cisplatin therapy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Panichpisal Kessarin , Angulo-Pernett Freddy , Selhi Sharmila , Nugent Kenneth M 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Cisplatin is a well-known nephrotoxic antineoplastic drug. Chronic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria is one of the rare complications associated with its use.

Case presentation
A 42- year-old woman presented with a 20 year-history of hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria after cisplatin-based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. This patient has had chronic muscle aches and fatigue and has had episodic seizure-like activity and periodic paralysis. Only thirteen other patients with similar electrolyte abnormalities have been described in the literature. This case has the longest follow-up.

Conclusion
Cisplatin can cause permanent nephrotoxicity, including Gitelman-like syndrome. This drug should be considered among the possible causes of chronic unexplained electrolyte disorders.
REFERQUAL: a pilot study of a new service quality assessment instrument in the GP exercise referral scheme setting
Authors: Cock Don , Adams Iain C , Ibbetson Adrian B , Baugh Phil 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
The development of an instrument accurately assessing service quality in the GP Exercise Referral Scheme (ERS) industry could potentially inform scheme organisers of the factors that affect adherence rates leading to the implementation of strategic interventions aimed at reducing client drop-out.

Methods
A modified version of the SERVQUAL instrument was designed for use in the ERS setting and subsequently piloted amongst 27 ERS clients.

Results
Test re-test correlations were calculated via Pearson's 'r' or Spearman's 'rho', depending on whether the variables were Normally Distributed, to show a significant (mean r = 0.957, SD = 0.02, p < 0.05; mean rho = 0.934, SD = 0.03, p < 0.05) relationship between all items within the questionnaire. In addition, satisfactory internal consistency was demonstrated via Cronbach's 'α'. Furthermore, clients responded favourably towards the usability, wording and applicability of the instrument's items.

Conclusion
REFERQUAL is considered to represent promise as a suitable tool for future evaluation of service quality within the ERS community. Future research should further assess the validity and reliability of this instrument through the use of a confirmatory factor analysis to scrutinise the proposed dimensional structure.
Dioxin-like activities in serum across European and Inuit populations
Authors: Long Manhai , Andersen Birgitte S , Lindh Christian H , Hagmar Lars , Giwercman Aleksander , Manicardi Gian-Carlo , Bizzaro Davide , Spanò Marcello , Toft Gunnar , Pedersen Henning S , Zvyezday Valentyna , Bonde Jens Peter , Bonefeld-Jorgensen Eva C 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides can cause a series of adverse effects on e.g. reproduction in animals and humans, many of which involve the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The aim of the present study was to compare the integrated serum level of AhR mediated activity among European and Inuit populations, and evaluate whether the activity was associated to the selected POP markers, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE).

Methods
The study included 338 males from Greenland (Inuit's), Sweden, Warsaw (Poland) and Kharkiv (Ukraine). The AhR transactivity of serum extracts alone (AhRag) and competitive AhR activity (AhRcomp) upon co-exposure with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were determined in the lipophilic serum fraction containing the POPs using the AhR mediated luciferase reporter Hepa1.12cR cell assay.

Results
The European groups showed higher median level of AhR-TEQ (TCDD toxic equivalents) compared to the Inuit's, whereas higher incidence of Inuits sample further induced AhRcomp activity. Neither AhRag nor AhR-TEQ were correlated to CB-153 or p,p'-DDE for any of the study groups. Multiple regressions showed a significant heterogeneity of association between the CB-153 and the AhRcomp across the study groups, and accordingly a negative association between AhRcomp and CB-153 was found for the Kharkiv group.

Conclusion
No consistent correlation between AhR activities and two POP markers was found. Although the difference of AhRag between European and Inuit men could not be explained by CB-153 or p,p'-DDE levels alone, we believe that the variation of AhR serum activity reflects different pattern of POP exposure, genetics and/or life style factors.
Use of point-of-sale data to track usage patterns of residential pesticides: methodology development
Authors: Bekarian Nyree , Payne-Sturges Devon , Edmondson Stuart , Chism Bill , Woodruff Tracey J 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Residential-use pesticides have been shown to be a major source of pesticide exposure to people in the United States. However, little is understood about the exposures to household pesticides and the resultant health effects. One reason that little is known about home-use pesticide exposure is the lack of comprehensive data on exposures to pesticides in the home. One method to help ascertain the amount of pesticides present in the home is use of point-of-sale data collected from marketing companies that track product sales to obtain the volume of pesticides sold for home-use. This provides a measure of volume of home-use pesticide.

Methods
We have constructed a searchable database containing sales data for home-use permethrin-containing pesticides sold by retail stores in the United States from January 1997 through December 2002 in an attempt to develop a tracking method for pesticide. This pilot project was conducted to determine if point-of-sale data would be effective in helping track the purchase of home-use permethrin containing pesticides and if it would stand as a good model for tracking sales of other home-use pesticides.

Results
There are several limitations associated with this tracking method, including the availability of sales data, market coverage, and geographic resolution. As a result, a fraction of sales data potentially available for reporting is represented in this database. However, the database is sensitive to the number and type of merchants reporting permethrin sales. Further, analysis of the sale of individual products included in the database indicates that year to year variability has a greater impact on reported permethrin sales than the amount sold by each type of merchant.

Conclusion
We conclude that, while nothing could completely replace a detailed exposure assessment to estimate exposures to home-use pesticides, a point-of-sale database is a useful tool in tracking the purchase of these types of pesticides to 1) detect anomalous trends in regional and seasonal pesticide sales warranting further investigation into the potential causes of the trends; 2) determine the most commonly purchased application types; and 3) compare relative trends in sales between indoor and outdoor use products as well as compare trends in sales between different active ingredients.
Intrahost variations in the envelope receptor-binding domain (RBD) of HTLV-1 and STLV-1 primary isolates
Authors: Kim Felix J , Lavanya Madakasira , Gessain Antoine , Gallego Sandra , Battini Jean-Luc , Sitbon Marc , Courgnaud Valérie 
Published: May 2006

AbstractFour primate (PTLV), human (HTLV) and simian (STLV) T-cell leukemia virus types, have been characterized thus far, with evidence of a simian zoonotic origin for HTLV-1, HTLV-2 and HTLV-3 in Africa. The PTLV envelope glycoprotein surface component (SUgp46) comprises a receptor-binding domain (RBD) that alternates hypervariable and highly conserved sequences. To further delineate highly conserved motifs in PTLV RBDs, we investigated the intrahost variability of HTLV-1 and STLV-1 by generating and sequencing libraries of DNA fragments amplified within the RBD of the SUgp46envgene. Using new and highly cross-reactiveenvprimer pairs, we observed the presence of Env quasispecies in HTLV-1 infected individuals and STLV-1 naturally infected macaques, irrespective of the clinical status. These intrahost variants helped us to define highly conserved residues and motifs in the RBD. The new highly sensitiveenvPCR described here appears suitable for the screening of all known variants of the different PTLV types and should, therefore, be useful for the analysis of seroindeterminate samples.
Inhibition of highly productive HIV-1 infection in T cells, primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes by Sargassum fusiforme
Authors: Paskaleva Elena E , Lin Xudong , Li Wen , Cotter Robin , Klein Michael T , Roberge Emily , Yu Er K , Clark Bruce , Veille Jean-Claude , Liu Yanze , Lee David Y-W , Canki Mario 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe high rate of HIV-1 mutation and increasing resistance to currently available antiretroviral (ART) therapies highlight the need for new antiviral agents. Products derived from natural sources have been shown to inhibit HIV-1 replication during various stages of the virus life cycle, and therefore represent a potential source of novel therapeutic agents. To expand our arsenal of therapeutics against HIV-1 infection, we investigated aqueous extract fromSargassum fusiforme(S. fusiforme) for ability to inhibit HIV-1 infection in the periphery, in T cells and human macrophages, and for ability to inhibit in the central nervous system (CNS), in microglia and astrocytes.ResultsS. fusiformeextract blocked HIV-1 infection and replication by over 90% in T cells, human macrophages and microglia, and it also inhibited pseudotyped HIV-1 (VSV/NL4-3) infection in human astrocytes by over 70%. Inhibition was mediated against both CXCR4 (X4) and CCR5 (R5)-tropic HIV-1, was dose dependant and long lasting, did not inhibit cell growth or viability, was not toxic to cells, and was comparable to inhibition by the nucleoside analogue 2', 3'-didoxycytidine (ddC).S. fusiformetreatment blocked direct cell-to-cell infection spread. To investigate at which point of the virus life cycle this inhibition occurs, we infected T cells and CD4-negative primary human astrocytes with HIV-1 pseudotyped with envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which bypasses the HIV receptor requirements. Infection by pseudotyped HIV-1 (VSV/NL4-3) was also inhibited in a dose dependant manner, although up to 57% less, as compared to inhibition of native NL4-3, indicating post-entry interferences.ConclusionThis is the first report demonstratingS. fusiformeto be a potent inhibitor of highly productive HIV-1 infection and replication in T cells, in primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes. Results with VSV/NL4-3 infection, suggest inhibition of both entry and post-entry events of the virus life cycle. Absence of cytotoxicity and high viability of treated cells also suggest thatS. fusiformeis a potential source of novel naturally occurring antiretroviral compounds that inhibit HIV-1 infection and replication at more than one site of the virus life cycle.