bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of the Amplatzer Vascular Plug as an Anchoring Scaffold for Coil-mediated Parent Vessel Occlusion: Technical Case Report
Authors: Hoit Daniel A. , Schirmer Clemens M. , Malek Adel M. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Parent vessel sacrifice is a useful treatment strategy for fusiform intracranial aneurysms. Originally performed using the detachable silicone balloon, endovascular arterial occlusion is currently achieved using coils, a process which can be limited by coil mass migration.

METHODS:
We demonstrate the use of the Amplatzer vascular plug as a fixed anchor within the target parent vessel to facilitate coil-mediated occlusion, especially in vascular segments not encased by a bony canal. The technique was used successfully in two patients: a 90-year-old woman presenting with IIIrd and VIth cranial nerve palsy from a fusiform left cavernous internal carotid aneurysm and a 44-year-old man with distal thromboemboli from a fusiform dissecting-type right vertebral artery involving the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery.

RESULTS:
Both patients were treated successfully with proximal parent vessel occlusion using coils after deployment of an Amplatzer vascular plug proximal to the target lesion. With the Amplatzer device acting as a fixed anchor in the parent vessel, coils were deployed proximally in a compact configuration. After deployment of the vascular plugs and coils, hermetic occlusion of the parent vessel was documented angiographically.

CONCLUSION:
The Amplatzer vascular plug can facilitate coil occlusion of large cervical vessels by acting as a focal coil and embolic material immobilizer, which can prevent coil mass migration and lead to improved packing density.
The Role of Free Flaps in the Treatment of Persistent Scalp Osteomyelitis
Authors: Boeckx Willy D. , van der Hulst René R.W.J. , Nanhekhan Lloyd V. , De Lorenzi Francesca 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of the combination of an extensive surgical debridement and simultaneous free flap repair in case of troublesome cranial osteomyelitis.METHODS:Five patients with persistent, frontal bone osteomyelitis were treated with surgical debridement of the infected bone and reconstruction with a free flap. In all patients, osteomyelitis occurred after neurosurgical procedures and lasted from 1 to 7 years. A latissimus dorsi muscle flap with a split skin graft has been performed.RESULTS:No flap failure occurred and donor site morbidity was negligible. No signs of osteomyelitis or soft tissue infection were observed during the mean follow-up period of 3.2 years. Furthermore, the contour of the cranium could be preserved without a need for bone grafts or implants.CONCLUSION:In our experience, the combination of an extensive surgical debridement and a free flap transfer is demonstrated to be an effective treatment for “chronic” osteomyelitis of the cranium.
The Anterolateral Partial Vertebrectomy Approach for Ventrally Located Cervical Intramedullary Cavernous Angiomas
Authors: Nishikawa Misao , Ohata Kenji , Ishibashi Kenichi , Takami Toshihiro , Goto Takeo , Hara Mitsuhiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
We report three cases with ventral cervical intramedullary cavernous angiomas. An anterolateral partial vertebrectomy was performed to surgically approach and successfully resect these lesions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
All three patients presented with numbness in the upper extremities and investigation revealed a cavernous angioma on the ventral aspect of the spinal cord in each case. The lesion was exposed by an anterolateral partial vertebrectomy in all cases. Postoperative stabilization was achieved by using autografted iliac bone in all patients. In two patients, locking screws and plates were also used.

RESULTS:
Complete resection of the cavernous angioma was performed in all patients. There was symptomatic relief in all cases, and there was no postoperative morbidity.

CONCLUSION:
Anterolateral partial vertebrectomy provides direct exposure and is probably an ideal approach for selected cases with ventrally located intramedullary cavernous angiomas.
Anatomical Variations of the V2 Segment of the Vertebral Artery
Authors: Bruneau Michaël , Cornelius Jan F. , Marneffe Vincent , Triffaux Michel , George Bernard 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Our goal was to evaluate the incidence of anatomic variations of the V2 segment (from its entrance into the transverse canal to C2) of the vertebral artery. Ignoring such variations during anterior or lateral approach to the cervical spine can lead to inadvertent injury and potentially serious complications.

METHODS:
We studied the course of 500 vertebral arteries on 200 magnetic resonance imaging and 50 contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans.

RESULTS:
The vertebral artery entered the C6 transverse foramen in 93.0% of all specimens. An abnormal level of entrance was observed in 7.0% of specimens (35 courses), with a level of entrance into the C3, C4, C5, or C7 transverse foramen, respectively, in 0.2% (n = 1; 2.9% of all anomalies), 1.0% (n = 5; 14.3% of all anomalies), 5.0% (n = 25; 71.4% of all anomalies), and 0.8% (n = 4; 11.4% of all anomalies) of all specimens. Seventeen (48.6%) abnormalities were right-sided and 18 (51.4%) were left-sided. Thirty-one out of 250 patients (12.4%) had a unilateral anomaly and two had a bilateral anomaly (0.8%). In cases of abnormal entrance into the transverse foramen on computed tomographic images (n = 6), the area of the unfilled transverse foramens was significantly smaller than the contralateral filled foramen (P &lt; 0.0001) and was significantly smaller than the filled foramen of all patients at the same level (P &lt; 0.0001). In five patients (2.0%), the vertebral artery formed a medial loop either into an unusually large transverse foramen whose internal border was medial to the uncovertebral joint or into the intervertebral foramen.

CONCLUSION:
The incidence of anatomic variations of the vertebral artery V2 segment is high. Potentially dangerous conditions can be detected on preoperative imaging.
The “Yo-Yo” Technique to Prevent Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea after Anterior Clinoidectomy for Proximal Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Chi John H. , Sughrue Michael , Kunwar Sandeep , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Resection of the anterior clinoid process is important for the exposure of aneurysms on clinoidal and supraclinoidal segments of the internal carotid artery. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea can complicate anterior clinoidectomy when the optic strut is pneumatized and its removal communicates the subarachnoid space with the sphenoid sinus. We present a technique for repairing this defect and preventing CSF rhinorrhea.

METHODS:
A suture is secured around a strip of temporalis muscle, which is then pushed through the opening in the optic strut completely into the sphenoid sinus. The ends of suture that trail the muscle are used to retract the muscle from the sphenoid sinus back into the optic strut. The suture is trimmed and the repair is covered with sealant or fibrin glue.

RESULTS:
During an 8-year period in which 127 patients with proximal internal carotid artery aneurysms that required anterior clinoidectomy were treated, pneumatized optic struts were encountered in 14 patients (11%). Four patients were treated with the “yo-yo” technique, none of whom experienced CSF rhinorrhea. Before using this technique, 10 patients were managed with standard packing techniques (wax, muscle, and gel foam) and four of these patients subsequently experienced CSF rhinorrhea (40%). In these four patients, all required reoperation with either craniotomy and packing with pericranium (one patient), Couldwell-Luc procedure (one patient), or endoscopic transnasal obliteration of the sphenoid sinus with fat (two patients).

CONCLUSION:
The “yo-yo” technique of tightly wedging a muscle plug into the optic strut proved to be simple, fast, and effective, preventing CSF rhinorrhea in all patients in whom it was applied. Although experience with this technique is limited, reversing the direction of packing and pulling muscle from the sphenoid sinus into the optic strut eliminated a complication that occurred in 40% of patients with standard packing techniques.
A Novel Endoscopic Technique in Treating Single Nerve Entrapment Syndromes with Special Attention to Ulnar Nerve Transposition and Tarsal Tunnel Release: Clinical Application
Authors: Krishnan Kartik G. , Pinzer Thomas , Schackert Gabriele 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOBJECTIVE:To describe a simple retractor integrated endoscopic technique for treating idiopathic solitary compression neuropathies with special attention to the anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve and tarsal tunnel release, and to present the clinical results.METHODS:Eleven patients with ulnar sulcus syndrome, eight with tarsal tunnel syndrome, and one with meralgia paraesthetica (seven females and 13 males; age range, 12–64 yr) were treated with endoscopic anterior ulnar nerve transposition and in situ decompression of the tibial (eight patients) and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves (one patient), respectively. The selection criteria were: classical nerve compression symptoms, failed conservative treatment, abnormal electrophysiology, and a nonviolated anatomic region. The degree of nerve compression (after Dellon) was rated as moderate in five out of 20 patients and as severe in 15 out of 20 patients. Electrophysiological studies were conducted independently by physicians specializing in these techniques. Postoperative recovery was evaluated according to the nine-point Bishop rating system.RESULTS:Of the 11 patients with anterior ulnar nerve transposition, seven scored excellent, three scored good, and one scored fair (mean follow-up, 15.5 mo; range, 6–27 mo). Five patients with tarsal tunnel release scored excellent and three scored good (mean follow-up, 10.1 mo; range, 3–24 mo). The patient with meralgia paraesthetica showed an excellent score at 28 months after surgery. There were no technical or postoperative complications. None of the operations had to be converted to open surgery.CONCLUSION:We describe a new endoscopic technique for transposing the ulnar nerve and decompressing the tibial nerve. This technique could be extrapolated to release other single nerve entrapments. The simplicity of the technique, and our preliminary clinical results, may encourage other groups to adapt this method.
A Surgical Technique for the Removal of Clinoidal Meningiomas
Authors: Lee Joung H. , Sade Burak , Park Bong J. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
CLINOIDAL MENINGIOMAS, ALSO referred to as medial or inner sphenoid wing meningiomas, are often difficult and challenging to remove completely and safely, especially when they become large enough to encircle, compress, or displace the adjacent critical neurovascular structures such as the optic nerve, the internal carotid artery and its branches, and the oculomotor nerve. In this article, the authors describe the detailed surgical technique used in their practice in addition to subtle nuances learned from their experience of operating on more than 40 patients with clinoidal meningiomas over the past several years. The primary goals of surgery are to achieve aggressive tumor removal with avoidance of intraoperative morbidity and, in addition, for those with preoperative compromised vision, to provide improvement in their visual function after surgery.
Eyebrow Surgery: The Supraciliary Craniotomy: Technical Note
Authors: Jallo George I. , Bognár László 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Many approaches have been recommended for the surgical treatment of anterior and middle cranial fossa lesions. The frontobasal approach and its many modifications have been proposed and developed for such situated lesions. An alternative approach is the frontolateral craniotomy through a supraciliary skin incision.

METHODS:
This minimally invasive technique, a 2.5 × 3.0 cm craniotomy, just above the eyebrow through a supraciliary incision, is a simple but elegant modification of the traditional approach to the anterior cranial fossa.

RESULTS:
A step-by-step description of the approach is offered in this report to facilitate a clear understanding of the lesions treatable with this minimally invasive technique.

CONCLUSION:
The supraciliary frontolateral keyhole craniotomy is a minimally invasive cosmetic approach that provides excellent exposure to a variety of intracranial lesions. This approach cannot be used for all intracranial pathologies, but is recommended for many anterior and middle cranial fossa lesions.
The Expanded Endonasal Approach for an Endoscopic Transnasal Clipping and Aneurysmorrhaphy of a Large Vertebral Artery Aneurysm: Technical Case Report
Authors: Kassam Amin B. , Mintz Arlan H. , Gardner Paul A. , Horowitz Michael B. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Snyderman Carl H. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.
Primary Treatment of a Blister-like Aneurysm with an Encircling Clip Graft: Technical Case Report
Authors: Sekula Raymond F. , Cohen David B. , Quigley Matthew R. , Jannetta Peter J. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Blister-like aneurysms at nonbranching sites in the supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery are a rare but important cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage. We report a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured blister-type aneurysm, review the pertinent literature, and hope to remind readers of the wisdom of the use of an encircling clip as the primary treatment of these challenging lesions.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 41-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of headache. An admission computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed thick and diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage involving primarily the carotid cistern and the proximal left sylvian fissure. A cerebral angiogram was initially interpreted as absent for aneurysm, but a follow-up angiogram performed 1 week later confirmed an enlarging aneurysm.

INTERVENTION:
A craniotomy with placement of an encircling clip graft around a blister-like aneurysm was performed.

CONCLUSION:
Although Sundt advocated the encircling clip graft for the blister-type aneurysm almost 40 years ago, use of an encircling clip graft in the treatment of blister-like aneurysms of the supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery seems to be reserved as a secondary or “rescue” measure in current practice. Neurosurgeons must familiarize themselves with this distinct entity (the blister-type aneurysm), recognize the possible risks associated with parallel clipping, and consider the use of an encircling clip graft as the primary treatment.
Retrosigmoid Intradural Suprameatal Approach: Advantages and Disadvantages from an Anatomical Perspective
Authors: Chanda Amitabha , Nanda Anil 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the advantages and disadvantages of the retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach by studying the microsurgical anatomy. This study was performed primarily to assess the advantages of the retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach by measuring the amount of increased exposure it provides for lesions of the cerebellopontine and petroclival region as well as to identify the disadvantages of the approach.

METHODS:
Twenty sides of 10 cadaver heads (embalmed and injected) were dissected under ×3 to ×40 magnification. A standard retrosigmoid craniotomy was made. The cerebellopontine cistern was entered to expose the neurovascular structures, and the internal auditory canal was opened by drilling the margin of the internal auditory meatus. After this, the suprameatal tubercle was drilled, followed by additional drilling to resect the petrous apex. The trigeminal root was mobilized completely after opening Meckel's cave. During drilling, care was taken to preserve the posterior and superior semicircular canals, petrosal sinus, and the internal carotid artery.

RESULTS:
The approach enhanced the exposure of the cerebellopontine cistern and Meckel's cave. There was an additional exposure of 10.7 ± 1.16 mm length of trigeminal nerve on the right side and an additional 10.7 ± 1.25 mm on the left. This helped to mobilize and further retract the trigeminal root. Although it facilitated the view of the neurovascular structures medial to the internal acoustic meatus, the depth of exposure did not vary much from a traditional retrosigmoid approach nor did it increase the angle of exposure or the visualization of the clivus and more medially located structures.

CONCLUSION:
This approach is suitable for lesions mainly in the posterior fossa with some extension into the middle fossa in the anterolateral direction. The key benefits of this approach are the length of trigeminal nerve exposure and the subsequent mobilization that improves visualization of the structures medial to the internal auditory canal, to the petrous apex, Meckel's cave, and the posterior end of the cavernous sinus.
Spectroscopic Characterization and in vitro and in vivo Screening of Difluoro-Boron Complexes of NO and NS Donor Ligands
Authors: Saxena Chitra , Singh Ran Vir , Joshi Suresh Chand 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Stereochemical and biochemical aspects of some difluoroboron complexes of the types BF2(NS) and BF2(NO) with ligands having (NS) and (NO) donor systems have been described. Based on IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, and 11B NMR spectral studies, a tetracoordinated state of boron has been established. In order to assess their growth inhibiting potency the ligands and their fluoroboron complexes have been tested in vitro against a number of pathogenic fungi and bacteria at different concentrations and were found to possess remarkable fungicidal and bactericidal properties. The testicular morphology, testicular sperm density, sperm motility, density of cauda epididymal spermatozoa, and fertility in mating trails and biochemical parameters of reproductive organs with 2-acetylthiophene thiosemicarbazone, 2-acetylnaphthalene semicarbazone, and their fluoro complexes in vivo have also been examined and discussed.
Determination of the Average Valence of Thallium in High-Tc Superconductors by Isotachophoresis
Authors: Watanabe Kunihiro , Demura Kazuaki , Fueki Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Capillary-tube isotachophoresis was conducted to determine the average valence of thallium in high-temperature Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconductor samples. A superconductor sample (5—7 mg) was dissolved in 2.5 ml of 0.3 M (M = mol dm−3) HCl. The solution was diluted to 25 ml with distilled water. By injection of a 50 μl sample solution into the analyzer, thallium(I) was determined at 0.05—5 μg with a relative standard deviation of 3.3%. Hydrochloric acid (5.0 × 10−3 M) and LiCl (1.0 × 10−2 M) were selected as leading and terminating electrolytes, respectively. The order of the mobility of the metal ions was Tl+ &gt; Ba2+ &gt; Ca2+ &gt; Cu2+. Thallium(III) ion was not detected as a zone. The total of thallium was determined after the reduction of Tl3+ to Tl+ with ascorbic acid. The average valence values of thallium in the superconductors were 2.93—2.97. The interference of the Tl3+ ion in the determination of the average valence of copper was examined. When the valence of copper was determined with KI by extraction-spectrometry, the Tl3+ ion was found to affect the absorbance of the ion-pair complex extracted into chloroform. The effect of this ion was eliminated by a suitable selection of the wavelength.
Chain Decomposition of Bis(oxalato)peroxotitanate(IV) Complex Initiated by Ti(III), Cr(II), and V(II)
Authors: Shinohara Nobuyoshi , Iwasawa Makoto , Akiyama Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The chain decomposition of the bis(oxalato)peroxotitanate(IV) complex [Ti(O2)(ox)2]2− (ox = C2O42−) is initiated by the addition of a very small amount of reducing agent, such as Ti(III), Cr(II) or V(II). The chain length increases with increasing the concentrations of added [TiO(ox)2]2− and oxalate ion; the maximum chain length was 600 under the experimental conditions. The decomposition reaction gave 2 mol of CO2 per 1 mol of decomposed [Ti(O2)(ox)2]2−. Ti(III), Cr(II), and V(II) reductions of [Ti(O2)(ox)2]2− produced ·OH, identified by the spin-trapping technique using a 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide radical trap. Oxygen is an inhibitor of the chain reaction in this system. The chain-decomposition mechanism is discussed.
Estimation of Dissolved Structures of Mono- and Dinuclear Chromate Species in Solution Using UV-vis Absorption Spectra and Molecular Orbital Calculation DV-Xα
Authors: Ozeki Toru , Kinoshita Yoshihiro , Adachi Hirohiko , Ikeda Shigero 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dissolved structures of mono- and dinuclear chromate species, CrO42−, HCrO4−, H2CrO4, and Cr2O72− in aqueous solution were estimated by optimizing their structure models so that UV-vis absorption spectra reproduced from molecular orbital calculation DV-Xα fitted to the experimentally obtained component spectra. It is demonstrated that bond order obtained by Mulliken’s population analysis gives useful information to explain why dimerization reaction of HCrO4− to form Cr2O72− proceeds easily.
Variable-Temperature and Variable-Pressure Sodium-23 NMR Study on Dissociation Reaction of Sodium(I) Cryptates in Ethylenediamine
Authors: Aizawa Sen-ichi , Funahashi Shigenobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dissociation rates of the sodium(I) cryptates of 4,7,13,16,21-pentaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.5]tricosane (C221) and 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane (C222) in ethylenediamine have been measured at various temperatures and pressures by the 23Na NMR line-broadening method. The dissociation rate constant at 298 K (kd298), activation enthalpy (ΔH‡), activation entropy (ΔS‡), and activation volume (ΔV‡) are as follows: kd298 = 7.2 s−1, ΔH‡ = 45.9 ± 1.8 kJ mol−1, and ΔS‡ = −74.5 ± 5.4 J mol−1 K−1 for Na+C221, and kd298 = 272 s−1, ΔH‡ = 43.2 ± 1.1 kJ mol−1, ΔS‡ = −53.6 ± 3.7 J mol−1 K−1, and ΔV‡ = 8.9 ± 0.4 cm3 mol−1 for Na+C222. The large positive value of ΔV‡ for Na+C222 indicates the dissociative transition state accompanied by the expansion of the cavity of C222. The electrostatic interaction of the sodium cation with ethylenediamine in the transition state has been discussed in connection with the other solvents by comparison of the values of ΔH‡.
General Base Catalyzed Proton Exchange in Amides
Authors: Wang Wei-hsien , Cheng Ching-chih 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetics of general base catalyzed proton exchange in N,N′-dimethylurea and a series of secondary amides were studied. Kinetic data were determined by NMR line-shape analysis. A good linear correlation was observed for nine amides by plotting log kOH for RCONHCH3 vs. pKa of RCOOH. For amides with N–H more acidic than water (pKa &lt; 15.7), general base catalysis is observed, the Brønsted β is unity, and the reaction with hydroxide is diffusion-controlled. It is concluded that general base catalysis is inoperative in proteins or polypeptides.
Synthesis of 2-Substituted myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5-Tetrakis(phosphate) and 1,3,4,5,6-Pentakis(phosphate) Analogs
Authors: Ozaki Shoichiro , Koga Yasuji , Ling Lei , Watanabe Yutaka , Kimura Yuichi , Hirata Masato 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Some biologically interesting inositol poly(phosphate) derivatives, 2-O-(p-aminobenzoyl)-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakis(phosphate), 2-O-(4-aminocyclohexylcarbonyl)-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakis(phosphate), myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakis(phosphate), and its 2-substituted analogs, were synthesized. Inositol tetrakis(phosphate) and pentakis(phosphate) affinity columns were also prepared. The inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakis(phosphate) affinity column was found to be effetive in isolating the binding proteins from bovine cardiac membranes.