bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA ploidy and nuclear morphometric variables for the evaluation of melanocytic tumors in dogs and cats
Authors: Roels Stefan L. M. F. , Van Daele André J. , Van Marck Erik A. , Ducatelle Richard V. A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the prognostic importance of the DNA content and nuclear morphometric variables in melanocytic tumors of cats and dogs.Sample Population—27 melanocytic tumors of dogs and cats.Procedures—Biopsy specimens were investigated by quantitative image analysis after the Feulgen staining method. The DNA content (index), nuclear diameter, ploidy balance, proliferation index, hyperploidy, and growth fraction (Ki67) were measured. Using 1- way ANOVA and a Pearson correlation test, the relationships between the different variables were tested. Their role in the prognosis in affected dogs and cats was estimated using the Cox regression test with respect to 6 months postoperative survival rate.Results—Significant correlations were found between DNA index and ploidy balance and proliferation index. A significant correlation was also found between hyperploidy and DNA index, and between ploidy balance and proliferation index. Significant differences were found between histologically malignant and benign melanocytic tumors but not between primary malignant tumors and metastatic malignant tumors for DNA index and ploidy balance. No correlation was found between DNA variables and survival time.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—In melanocytic tumors of cats and dogs, DNA index and ploidy balance can be used to differentiate histologically benign from malignant tumors. However, DNA content and nuclear morphometric variables have little value in predicting survival time. The DNA index and ploidy balance provide an additional tool to evaluate melanocytic tumors of cats and dogs. Survival in dogs and cats with melanocytic tumors, however, is not determined by modifications of DNA content or changes in nuclear morphometry of tumor cells. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1074–1079)
Expression of α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin in tubulointerstitial lesions of cats with chronic renal failure
Authors: Sawashima Ko , Mizuno Shinya , Mizuno-Horikawa Yoko , Shimada Akinori , Kudo Tadaaki , Kurosawa Tsutomu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To examine renal expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin in cats with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) for use in predicting progression to renal fibrosis.Animals—19 cats with TIN and 9 cats without nephritis.Procedure—Serum creatinine and BUN concentrations were measured. Indices for glomerular extra-cellular matrix (ECM), tubular injury (TI), and fibronectin were determined in renal specimens to quantify the extent of injury and fibrotic lesions. Expression of α-SMA in renal tissue was immunohistochemically detected, and correlations were evaluated between the α-SMA index and other histologic and clinical variables.Results—The α-SMA index in tubulointerstitial areas (1.63 ± 0.78) was significantly higher in cats with TIN, especially in the periglomerular and peritubular areas, than in cats without nephritis (0.20 ± 0.14). The α-SMA index was significantly associated with the TI index (r2= 0.70), fibronectin index (r2= 0.95), BUN concentration (r2= 0.64), and serum creatinine concentration (r2= 0.66). Of special interest was that interstitial α-SMA expression appeared evident in the kidneys at an early stage of TIN, prior to the onset of ECM deposition.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of results of histologic and clinical examinations revealed that interstitial α-SMA expression may have clinical importance and may be a useful early histologic marker for development of chronic renal failure in cats. An immunohistochemical examination for fibrogenic molecules (such as α-SMA expression) may provide fundamental information on the pathogenesis of early-stage renal disease and aid clinical management of cats with chronic renal failure, including TIN. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1080–1086)
Evaluation of short-term increased intraocular pressure on flash- and pattern-generated electroretinograms of dogs
Authors: Hamor Ralph E. , Gerding Paul A. , Ramsey David T. , Whiteley Herbert E. , Benson Gordon J. , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the electrodiagnostic and histologic response of short-term increases of intraocular pressure (IOP) on transient pattern electroretinograms (PERG) and flash electroretinograms (FERG) in the eyes of dogs.Animals—8 healthy mixed-breed dogs.Procedure—Transient PERG and FERG waveforms were recorded from dogs (while anesthetized) as IOP was increased from baseline (7 to 19 mm Hg) to 90 mm Hg. One hundred mean PERG responses and a single FERG response were recorded at each step during 3 recording sessions. Globes of each dog were enucleated after euthanasia on posttreatment day 7 and evaluated by a pathologist.Results—Increases in spatial frequency resulted in decreased amplitudes of N2 (second negative PERG peak). Increases in IOP resulted in decreases in all 3 PERG waveforms and the FERG waveform. All values began to return to baseline after short-term increases in IOP on day 0, and waveforms were not significantly different on posttreatment days 3 and 7.Conclusions—Data suggest that short-term increases in IOP affect PERG and FERG waveforms, and PERG waveforms are more sensitive to increases in IOP. Differences were not detected between treated and control eyes on histologic examination. Further studies are necessary to determine at what IOP permanent damage to ganglion and photoreceptor cells will develop and whether PERG is a reliable clinical diagnostic technique for use in dogs to reveal retinal damage that is secondary to increased IOP prior to changes in waveforms generated by FERG in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1087–1091)
Identification of matrix metalloproteinases in canine neoplastic tissue
Authors: Lana Susan E. , Ogilvie Gregory K. , Hansen Rodney A. , Powers Barbara E. , Dernell William S. , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 in canine tumor tissue and to compare the amount of activity to that in unaffected stromal tissue.Animals—30 dogs with spontaneously developing, high-grade osteosarcoma.Procedure—Tumor and nearby stromal tissue (muscle) were obtained at the time of surgery. Specimens were homogenized, and supernatants were assayed, using gelatin zymography. Human derived standards were run concurrently. Densitometry was done to obtain a semiquantitative arbitrary unit value for each specimen. The amount of activity in tumor tissue was compared with the amount in stromal tissue.Results—Gelatinolytic bands were observed from the analysis of all tumor tissues and in most stromal tissues. These bands migrated in the same molecular weight area as the human MMP 2 and 9 standards. Gelatinolytic activity could be quenched by the addition of 50 mMEDTA and 1 µg of synthetic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 2 per 100 ml. There was significantly more gelatinolytic activity in tumor tissue than in stromal tissue.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—MMP 2 and 9 are detectable in canine neoplastic tissue. matrix metalloproteinases activity in tumor tissue is higher than in unaffected stromal tissue, indicating that canine MMP may be involved in the pathogenesis of tumor growth and metastasis. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:111–114)
Concentrations of gentamicin in serum and bronchial lavage fluid after intravenous and aerosol administration of gentamicin to horses
Authors: McKenzie III Harold C. , Murray Michael J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare concentrations of gentamicin in serum and bronchial lavage fluid after IV and aerosol administration of gentamicin to horses.Animals—9 healthy adult horses.Procedure—Gentamicin was administered by aerosolization (20 ml of gentamicin solution [50 mg/ml]) and IV injection (6.6 mg of gentamicin/kg of body weight) to each horse, with a minimum of 2 weeks between treatments. Samples of pulmonary epithelial lining fluid were collected by small volume (30 ml) bronchial lavage 0.5, 4, 8, and 24 hours after gentamicin administration. Serum samples were obtained at the same times. All samples were analyzed for gentamicin concentration, and cytologic examinations were performed on aliquots of bronchial lavage fluid collected at 0.5, 8, and 24 hours.Results—Gentamicin concentrations in bronchial lavage fluid were significantly greater 0.5, 4, and 8 hours after aerosol administration, whereas serum concentrations were significantly less at all times after aerosol administration, compared with IV administration. Neutrophil counts in bronchial lavage fluid increased from 0.5 to 24 hours, regardless of route of gentamicin administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Aerosol administration of gentamicin to healthy horses resulted in gentamicin concentrations in bronchial fluid that were significantly greater than those obtained after IV administration. A mild inflammatory cell response was associated with aerosol delivery of gentamicin and repeated bronchial lavage. Aerosol administration of gentamicin may have clinical use in the treatment of bacterial bronchopneumonia in horses. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1185–1190)
Evaluation of the ability of orally administered aspirin to mitigate effects of 3-methylindole in feedlot cattle
Authors: Bingham Howard R. , Wittum Thomas E. , Morley Paul S. , Bray Tammy M. , Sarver Craig F. , Queen W. Greg , Shulaw William P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the ability of orally administered aspirin to mitigate 3-methylindole (3MI)-induced respiratory tract disease and reduced rate of gain in feedlot cattle.Animals—244 beef cattle.Procedure—In a masked, randomized, controlled field trial, calves were untreated (controls) or received a single orally administered dose of aspirin (31.2 g) on entry into a feedlot. Serum 3MI concentrations were measured on days 0, 3, and 6. Rumen 3MI concentration was measured on day 3. Cattle were observed daily for clinical signs of respiratory tract disease. Lungs were evaluated at slaughter for gross pulmonary lesions.Results—Mean daily gain (MDG) in cattle treated with aspirin, compared with control cattle, was 0.06 kg greater in the backgrounding unit and 0.03 kg greater for the overall feeding period. Neither serum nor rumen 3MI concentrations appeared to modify this effect. Cattle treated with aspirin were more likely to be treated for respiratory tract disease. Mortality rate, gross pulmonary lesions, and serum and rumen 3MI concentrations were similar between groups. Increased rumen 3MI concentration was associated with a small difference in risk of lung fibrosis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cattle given a single orally administered dose of aspirin on feedlot entry had higher MDG in the backgrounding unit and for the overall feeding period, but this finding could not be attributed to mitigation of effects of 3MI. This may have been influenced by low peak 3MI production and slow rates of gain. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1209–1213)
Clinical effects of exercise on subchondral bone of carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints in horses
Authors: Kawcak Christopher E. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Norrdin Robert W. , Park Richard D. , Steyn Phillip S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of treadmill exercise on subchondral bone of carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of 2-year-old horses.Animals—12 healthy 2-year-old horses.Procedure—Horses were randomly assigned to the control (n = 6) or exercised (6) groups. Horses in the exercised group ran on a high-speed treadmill 5 d/wk for 6 months. Horses in the control group were hand walked for the same amount of time. Results of clinical, radiographic, nuclear scintigraphic, and computed tomographic examinations, and serum and synovial concentrations of biochemical markers of bone metabolism were compared between groups.Results—Exercised horses were significantly lamer at the end of the study than control horses. Radionuclide uptake in the metacarpal condyles, but not in the carpal joints, was greater in exercised horses, compared with control horses. Exercised horses also had a higher subchondral bone density in the metacarpal condyles than control horses, but such differences were not detected in the carpal bones.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—None of the diagnostic techniques evaluated was sufficiently sensitive to detect all osteochondral damage. Computed tomography and computed tomographic osteoabsorptiometry were superior to conventional radiography for detecting small osteochondral fragments. Nuclear scintigraphy was a sensitive indicator of subchondral bone change but lacked specificity for describing lesions and discerning normal bone remodeling from damage. Newer techniques such as computed tomography may help clinicians better diagnose early and subtle joint lesions in horses prior to development of gross joint damage. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1252–1258)
In vitro comparison of the use of two large-animal, centrally threaded, positive-profile transfixation pin designs in the equine third metacarpal bone
Authors: Morisset Sophie , McClure Scott R. , Hillberry Ben M. , Fisher Kate E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare the in vitro holding power and associated microstructural damage of 2 large-animal centrally threaded positive-profile transfixation pins in the diaphysis of the equine third metacarpal bone.Sample Population—25 pairs of adult equine cadaver metacarpal bones.Procedure—Centrally threaded positive-profile transfixation pins of 2 different designs (ie, self-drilling, self-tapping [SDST] vs nonself-drilling, nonself-tapping [NDNT] transfixation pins) were inserted into the middiaphysis of adult equine metacarpal bones. Temperature of the hardware was measured during each step of insertion with a surface thermocouple. Bone and cortical width, transfixation pin placement, and cortical damage were assessed radiographically. Resistance to axial extraction before and after cyclic loading was measured using a material testing system. Microstructural damage caused by transfixation pin insertion was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy.Results—The temperature following pin insertion was significantly higher for SDST transfixation pins. Periosteal surface cortical fractures were found in 50% of the bones with SDST transfixation pins and in none with NDNT transfixation pins. The NDNT transfixation pins were significantly more resistant to axial extraction than SDST transfixation pins. Grossly and microscopically, NDNT transfixation pins created less damage to the bone and a more consistent thread pattern.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In vitro analysis revealed that insertion of NDNT transfixation pins cause less macroscopic and microscopic damage to the bone than SDST transfixation pins. The NDNT transfixation pins have a greater pull out strength, reflecting better initial bone transfixation pin stability. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1298–1303)
Maturation of the auditory system in clinically normal puppies as reflected by the brain stem auditory-evoked potential wave V latency-intensity curve and rarefaction-condensation differential potentials
Authors: Poncelet Luc C. , Coppens Angélique G. , Meuris Sylvain I. , Deltenre Paul F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate auditory maturation in puppies.Animals—Ten clinically normal Beagle puppies.Procedure—Puppies were examined repeatedly from days 11 to 36 after birth (8 measurements). Clickevoked brain stem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEP) were obtained in response to rarefaction and condensation click stimuli from 90 dB normal hearing level to wave V threshold, using steps of 10 dB. Responses were added, providing an equivalent to alternate polarity clicks, and subtracted, providing the rarefaction-condensation differential potential (RCDP). Steps of 5 dB were used to determine thresholds of RCDP and wave V. Slope of the low-intensity segment of the wave V latency-intensity curve was calculated. The intensity range at which RCDP could not be recorded (ie, pre-RCDP range) was calculated by subtracting the threshold of wave V from threshold of RCDP.Results—Slope of the wave V latency-intensity curve low-intensity segment evolved with age, changing from (mean ± SD) –90.8 ± 41.6 to –27.8 ± 4.1 μs/dB. Similar results were obtained from days 23 through 36. The pre-RCDP range diminished as puppies became older, decreasing from 40.0 ± 7.5 to 20.5 ± 6.4 dB.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Changes in slope of the latency-intensity curve with age suggest enlargement of the audible range of frequencies toward high frequencies up to the third week after birth. Decrease in the pre-RCDP range may indicate an increase of the audible range of frequencies toward low frequencies. Age-related reference values will assist clinicians in detecting hearing loss in puppies. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1343–1348)
Measurement of peptidase activity and evaluation of effectiveness of administration of minocycline for treatment of dogs with periodontitis
Authors: Hirasawa Masatomo , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Takada Kazuko 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical, enzymatic, and microbiologic effects of controlled-release localized administration of minocycline on dogs with periodontitis.Animals—Five adult Beagles with periodontitis.Procedure—After tooth scaling and root planing, 2 treatment, 1 placebo, and 1 control site were selected for each dog. Treatment sites (n = 10) received a periodontal formulation of minocycline hydrochloride, placebo sites (5) received ointment without minocycline, and control sites (5) did not receive ointment. Treatments were administered 4 times at weekly intervals. Peptidase activity and clinical and microbiologic effects were evaluated and compared among sites for 17 weeks.Results—Bleeding of the gums on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PD) improved at the treatment site and were maintained for 13 weeks after treatment. However, BOP and PD in placebo and control sites increased from weeks 9 to 17. Peptidase activity in the periodontal pocket decreased noticeably from week 1 to 17, compared with baseline values for the treatment site. However, peptidase activity for placebo and control sites increased and were above baseline values on week 9 and week 13, respectively. Total bacterial counts decreased by 90% for treatment sites and remained at that value for 13 weeks. However, for placebo and control sites, bacterial counts increased and reached the baseline value on week 17.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increased peptidase activity is correlated with the progression of periodontitis in dogs. Treatment with minocycline, using a localized delivery system, was effective in dogs for at least 13 weeks after cessation of drug administration. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1349–1352)
Results of a longitudinal study of the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cow-calf farms
Authors: Sargeant Jan M. , Gillespie Jerry R. , Oberst Richard D. , Phebus Randall K. , Hyatt Doreene R. , Bohra Lalit K. , Galland John C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe the frequency and distribution ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 in the feces and environment of cow-calf herds housed on pasture.Sample Population—Fecal and water samples for 10 cow-calf farms in Kansas.Procedure—Fecal and water samples were obtained monthly throughout a 1-year period (3,152 fecal samples from 2,058 cattle; 199 water samples).Escherichia coliO157:H7 in fecal and water samples was determined, using microbial culture.Results—Escherichia coliO157:H7 was detected in 40 of 3,152 (1.3%) fecal samples, and 40 of 2,058 (1.9%) cattle had ≥ 1 sample withE coli. Fecal shedding by specific cattle was transient; none of the cattle hadE coliin more than 1 sample. Significant differences were not detected in overall prevalence among farms. However, significant differences were detected in prevalence among sample collection dates.Escherichia coliO157:H7 was detected in 3 of 199 (1.5%) water samples.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Implementing control strategies forE coliO157:H7 at all levels of the cattle industry will decrease the risk of this organism entering the human food chain. Devising effective on-farm strategies to controlE coliO157:H7 in cow-calf herds will require an understanding of the epidemiologic characteristics of this pathogen. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1375–1379)
Effect of ration and exercise on plasma creatine kinase activity and lactate concentration in Thoroughbred horses with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis
Authors: MacLeay Jennifer M. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Pagan Joseph D. , Xue Jinliang L. , De La Corte Flavio D. , Roberts Jennifer 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of 3 rations (low grain, fat, high grain) on plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity and lactate concentration in Thoroughbred horses with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER).Animals—5 Thoroughbreds with RER and 3 healthy Thoroughbreds (control horses).Procedures—Rations were formulated to meet (lowgrain and fat rations) or exceed (high-grain ration) daily energy requirements. Each ration was fed to horses in a crossover design for 3 weeks. Horses were exercised on a treadmill Monday through Friday; maximum speed on Monday and Friday was 11 m/s (6% slope), on Tuesday and Thursday was 9 m/s, and on Wednesday was 4.5 m/s. Plasma CK activity and lactate concentration were determined before and after exercise.Results—Horses with RER fed the high-grain ration had significantly greater CK activity and change in CK activity 4 hours after exercise, compared with those fed the low-grain ration. Horses with RER exercised at the trot or canter had significantly greater increases in CK activity, compared with those exercised at the gallop. Plasma lactate concentrations after exercise were similar in control and affected horses. Lactate concentration and CK activity were not correlated in horses with RER.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Rations high in grain and formulated to exceed daily energy requirements may increase episodes of rhabdomyolysis in Thoroughbred horses susceptible to RER. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1390–1395)
Intracellular magnesium concentrations in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus
Authors: Bebchuk Trevor N. , Hauptman Joe G. , Braselton W. Emmett , Walshaw Richard 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To quantify and compare intracellular magnesium concentrations (Mgi) in clinically normal dogs (control dogs) and dogs that have gastric dilatation- volvulus (GDV dogs) and to determine whether there is a difference in Mgiand serum magnesium concentrations (Mgs) between GDV dogs with and without cardiac arrhythmias.Animals—41 control dogs and 21 GDV dogs.Procedure—Rectus abdominis muscle specimens were obtained from control and GDV dogs for determination of Mgi. Blood samples were obtained from GDV dogs for determination of Mgs, and dogs were monitored for 48 hours for cardiac arrhythmias. Muscle specimens were frozen at –40 C, oven dried at 95 C, and digested with concentrated nitric acid. Multielemental analyses were performed by simultaneous/ sequential inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy with fixed-cross flow nebulization. The Mgiwas standardized to sulfur content to correct for the amount of fat and fascia in the muscle specimen. Mean (± SEM) values were recorded in parts per million (ppm).Results—There were no significant differences in Mgibetween control (627 ± 11.1 ppm) and GDV (597 ± 20.5 ppm) dogs, in Mgibetween GDV dogs with (590 ± 34 ppm) and without (584 ± 29 ppm) cardiac arrhythmias, and in Mgsbetween GDV dogs with (1.77 ± 0.26 ppm) and without (1.51 ± 0.09 ppm) cardiac arrhythmias. There was no correlation between Mgsand Mgi(R2=0.0001).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that Mg depletion is not pathophysiologically important in dogs with GDV and does not play a role in the cardiac arrhythmias detected in these patients. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1415–1417)