bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Graduating Plastic Surgery Residents' Case Logs With Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Requirements, Content at National Meetings, and In-Service Examination Test Items
Authors: O'Shea Aidan W. , Sweitzer Keith R. , Bell Derek E. 
Published: April 2024

Background
The importance of adaptable and up-to-date plastic surgery graduate medical education (GME) has taken on new meaning amidst accelerating surgical innovation and increasing calls for competency-based training standards. We aimed to examine the extent to which the procedures plastic surgery residents perform, as represented in case log data, align with 2 core standardized components of plastic surgery GME: ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) minimum procedure count requirements and the PSITE (Plastic Surgery In-Service Training Examination). We also examined their alignment with procedural representation at 2 major plastic surgery meetings.

Methods
Nine categories of reconstructive and aesthetic procedures were identified. Three-year averages for the number of procedures completed in each category by residents graduating in 2019–2021 were calculated from ACGME national case log data reports. The ACGME procedure count minimum requirements were also ascertained. The titles and durations of medical programming sessions scheduled for Plastic Surgery The Meeting (PSTM) 2022 and the Plastic Surgery Research Council (PSRC) Annual Meeting 2022 were retrieved from online data. Finally, test items from the 2020 to 2022 administrations of the PSITE were retrieved. Conference sessions and test items were assigned to a single procedure category when possible. Percent differences were calculated for comparison.

Results
The distribution of procedures on plastic surgery resident case logs differs from those of the major mechanisms of standardization in plastic surgery GME, in-service examination content more so than ACGME requirements. Meeting content at PSTM and PSRC had the largest percent differences with case log data, with PSTM being skewed toward aesthetics and PSRC toward reconstructive head and neck surgery.

Discussion
The criteria and standards by which plastic surgery residents are evaluated and content at national meetings differ from the procedures they actually complete during their training. Although largely reflecting heterogeneity of the specialty, following these comparisons will likely prove useful in the continual evaluation of plastic surgery residency training, especially in the preparation of residents for the variety of training and practice settings they pursue.
Use of Absorbable Dermal Staples in Bilateral Breast Reduction Surgery
Authors: Kim Dylan K. , Wright Matthew A. , Ascherman Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Use of the absorbable deep dermal stapler in wound closure has become more common in plastic surgery because of its possible reduction in operative times and subsequent decrease in operative room costs. In this study, we examine the effects of this stapler on operative times and postoperative complications in bilateral reduction mammaplasties.

Methods
A retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted via electronic chart review on patients who underwent bilateral reduction mammaplasties. Patients were stratified by wound closure method. One group was closed with sutures only, and in the other group, deep dermal staples were used during closure of the inframammary fold incision. Incidences of patient comorbidities and postoperative complications were compared. In addition, a financial cost analysis was performed.

Results
The final patient cohort included 62 patients. Operative time was reduced by an average of 21.8 minutes when using deep dermal staples during closure, compared with when closing solely with sutures (P = 0.032). When controlling for mass of breast tissue removed and type of pedicle, deep dermal staple closure still predicted a reduction of 26.5 (SE, 9.9) minutes in operative time (P = 0.010). Postoperative complications were not affected by wound closure method (odds ratio, 4.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.91–31.7, P = 0.087). Though not statistically significant, financial charge was decreased with usage of deep dermal staples (P = 0.34).

Conclusions
Use of absorbable deep dermal staples produces a significant decrease in operative time for reduction mammaplasties with no increase in postoperative complication rates.
Comparative Analysis of Animal-Derived vs Fully Synthetic Acellular Dermal Matrices in Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Olsen Timothy , Ali-Khan Safi , Bell Derek 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
The fully synthetic skin substitute, NovoSorb Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix (BTM), may be a cost-effective alternative to the animal-derived Integra Dermal Regeneration Template (IDRT). However, the current literature insufficiently compares the two. Therefore, our study compared clinical, aesthetic, and economic outcomes in treating soft tissue wounds with IDRT, an animal-derived template, vs BTM, a fully synthetic template.

Methods
Our single-center retrospective study compared outcomes of 26 patient cases treated with BTM (57.7%) or IDRT (42.3%) during 2011–2022.

Results
The mean surgery time was significantly shorter in BTM cases (1.632 ± 0.571 hours) compared with IDRT cases (5.282 ± 5.102 hours, P = 0.011). Median postoperative hospital stay was notably shorter for BTM placement than IDRT placement (0.95 vs 6.60 days, P = 0.003). The median postoperative follow-up length approached a shorter duration in the BTM group (P = 0.054); however, median follow-up visits were significantly lower in the BTM group compared with the IDRT group (5 vs 14, P = 0.012). The median duration for complete wound closure was shorter for BTM (46.96 vs 118.91 days, P = 0.011). Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix demonstrated a notably lower infection rate (0.0%) compared with IDRT (36.4%, P = 0.022). Integra Dermal Regeneration Template exhibited higher wound hypertrophy rates (81.8%) than BTM (26.7%, P = 0.015). Revisionary surgeries were significantly more frequent in the BTM group (P < 0.001). Failed closure, defined as requiring one or more attempts, exhibited a significant difference, with a higher risk in the IDRT group (26.7%) compared with BTM (6.7%, P = 0.003). Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix showed a lower mean Vancouver Scar Scale adjusted fraction (0.279) compared with IDRT (0.639, P < 0.001). Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix incurred lower costs compared with IDRT but displayed a lower mean profit per square centimeter ($10.63 vs $22.53, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Economically, although the net profit per square centimeter of dermal template may favor IDRT, the ancillary benefits associated with BTM in terms of reduced hospital stay, shorter surgery times, fewer follow-up visits, and lower revisionary surgery rates contribute substantially to overall cost-effectiveness. Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix use reflects more efficient resource use and potential cost savings, aligning with broader trends in healthcare emphasizing value-based and patient-centered care.
The Importance of Circulation in Airway Management
Authors: Anand Tanya , Hosseinpour Hamidreza , Ditillo Michael , Bhogadi Sai Krishna , Akl Malak N. , Collins William J. , Magnotti Louis J. , Joseph Bellal 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
To identify the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors associated with postintubation hypotension (PIH) among trauma patients who required endotracheal intubation (ETI) in the trauma bay.

Background:
ETI has been associated with hemodynamic instability, termed PIH, yet its risk factors in trauma patients remain underinvestigated.

Methods:
This is a prospective observational study at a level I trauma center over 4 years (2019–2022). All adult (≥18) trauma patients requiring ETI in the trauma bay were included. Blood pressure was monitored both preintubation and postintubation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the modifiable and nonmodifiable factors associated with PIH.

Results:
Seven hundred eight patients required ETI in the trauma bay, of which, 435 (61.4%) developed PIH. The mean (SD) age was 43 (21) years and 71% were male. Median [interquartile range] arrival Glasgow Coma Scale was 7 [3–13]. Patients who developed PIH had a lower mean (SD) preintubation systolic blood pressure [118 (46) vs 138 (28), P<0.001] and higher median [interquartile range] Injury Severity Score: 27 [21–38] versus 21 [9–26], P<0.001. Multivariable regression analysis identified body mass index >25, increasing Injury Severity Score, penetrating injury, spinal cord injury, preintubation packed red blood cell requirements, and diabetes mellitus as nonmodifiable risk factors associated with increased odds of PIH. In contrast, preintubation administration of 3% hypertonic saline and vasopressors were identified as the modifiable factors significantly associated with reduced PIH.

Conclusions:
More than half of the patients requiring ETI in the trauma bay developed PIH. This study identified modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors that influence the development of PIH, which will help physicians when considering ETI upon patient arrival.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—Prognostic study.
A high-throughput method for quantifyingDrosophilafecundity
Authors: Gomez Andreana , Gonzalez Sergio , Oke Ashwini , Luo Jiayu , Duong Johnny B. , Esquerra Raymond M. , Zimmerman Thomas , Capponi Sara , Fung Jennifer C. , Nystul Todd G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMeasurements of Drosophila fecundity are used in a wide variety of studies, such as investigations of stem cell biology, nutrition, behavior, and toxicology. In addition, because fecundity assays are performed on live flies, they are suitable for longitudinal studies such as investigations of aging or prolonged chemical exposure. However, standard Drosophila fecundity assays have been difficult to perform in a high-throughput manner because experimental factors such as the physiological state of the flies and environmental cues must be carefully controlled to achieve consistent results. In addition, exposing flies to a large number of different experimental conditions (such as chemical additives in the diet) and manually counting the number of eggs laid to determine the impact on fecundity is time-consuming. We have overcome these challenges by combining a new multiwell fly culture strategy with a novel 3D-printed fly transfer device to rapidly and accurately transfer flies from one plate to another; the RoboCam, a low-cost, custom built robotic camera to capture images of the wells automatically; and an image segmentation pipeline to automatically identify and quantify eggs. We show that this method is compatible with robust and consistent egg laying throughout the assay period; and demonstrate that the automated pipeline for quantifying fecundity is very accurate (r2= 0.98 for the correlation between the automated egg counts and the ground truth) In addition, we show that this method can be used to efficiently detect the effects on fecundity induced by dietary exposure to chemicals. Taken together, this strategy substantially increases the efficiency and reproducibility of high throughput egg laying assays that require exposing flies to multiple different media conditions.
Ridge and crossrib height of butterfly wing scales is a toolbox for structural color diversity
Authors: Finet Cédric , Ruan Qifeng , Bei Yi Yang , Saranathan Vinodkumar , Monteiro Antónia 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe brightest and most vivid colors of butterflies usually originate from light reflecting off the cuticular scales that cover the wing membrane. These scales have an intricate architecture that consists of an upper layer, a grid of longitudinal ridges and transverse crossribs, connected to a lower lamina by pillars called trabeculae. Whereas the role of the lower lamina as a reflector has been well documented in simpler scales, this study unveils the role of the scales’ upper surface in generating or fine-tuning hue, brightness, and saturation. In the nymphalidBicyclus anynana, we showed that changes in ridge and trabecula heights accompanied changes in hue of scales produced via artificial selection. We further found that this correlation between ridge height and hue can be generalized to 40 scale types from 35 species across butterfly families. By combining focused ion beam milling, microspectrophotometry, and optical modelling, we found that modifying the ridge height is sufficient to change ridge hue, notably inMorpho didiuswhose blue color was thought to be generated exclusively by lamella protruding from ridges, rather than ridge height. This study identifies the scale’s upper surface as a toolbox for structural color diversity in butterflies and proposes a geometrical model to predict color that unifies species with and withoutMorpho-type Christmas-tree ridges.
Carbon dioxide shapes parasite-host interactions in a human-infective nematode
Authors: Banerjee Navonil , Gang Spencer S. , Castelletto Michelle L. , Ruiz Felicitas , Hallem Elissa A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSkin-penetrating nematodes infect nearly one billion people worldwide. The developmentally arrested infective larvae (iL3s) seek out hosts, invade hosts via skin penetration, and resume development inside the host in a process called activation. Activated infective larvae (iL3as) traverse the host body, ending up as parasitic adults in the small intestine. Skin-penetrating nematodes respond to many chemosensory cues, but how chemosensation contributes to host seeking, intra-host development, and intra-host navigation – three crucial steps of the parasite-host interaction – remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of carbon dioxide (CO2) in promoting parasite-host interactions in the human-infective threadwormStrongyloides stercoralis. We show thatS. stercoralisexhibits life-stage-specific preferences for CO2: iL3s are repelled, non-infective larvae and adults are neutral, and iL3as are attracted. CO2repulsion in iL3s may prime them for host seeking by stimulating dispersal from host feces, while CO2attraction in iL3as may direct worms toward high-CO2areas of the body such as the lungs and intestine. We also identify sensory neurons that detect CO2; these neurons are depolarized by CO2in iL3s and iL3as. In addition, we demonstrate that the receptor guanylate cyclaseSs-GCY-9 is expressed specifically in CO2-sensing neurons and is required for CO2-evoked behavior. Ss-GCY-9 also promotes activation, indicating that a single receptor can mediate both behavioral and physiological responses to CO2. Our results illuminate chemosensory mechanisms that shape the interaction between parasitic nematodes and their human hosts and may aid in the design of novel anthelmintics that target the CO2-sensing pathway.
PREDICT:Advancing Accurate Gene Expression Prediction and Motif Identification in Plant Stress Responses
Authors: Thalimaraw Lavakau , Henry Eo Wei Xiong , Liu Ming-Jung , Wu Ting-Ying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCells respond to environmental stimuli through transcriptional responses, orchestrated by transcription factors (TFs) that interpret the genecis-regulatory DNA sequences, determining gene expression dynamics timing and locations. Diversification in TFs andcis-regulatory element (CRE) interactions result in unique gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that underpin plant adaptation. A primary challenge is identifying Transcription Factor Binding Motifs (TFBMs) for temporal and condition-specific gene expressions in plants. While the Multiple EM for Motif Elicitation (MEME) suite identifies stress-responsive CREs in Arabidopsis, its predictive power for gene expression remains uncertain. Alternatively, thek-mer approach identifies CRE sites and consensus TF motifs, thereby improving gene expression prediction models. In this study, we harnessed the power of ak-mer pipeline to address sequence-to-expression prediction problems across diverse abiotic stresses, in both bryophytic and vascular plants, including monocots and dicots. Moreover, we characterized both un-gapped and gapped CREs and, coupled with GRN analyses, pinpointed key TFs within transcriptional cascades. Lastly, we developed thePredictiveRegulatoryElementDatabase for IdentifyingCis-regulatory elements andTranscription factors (PREDICT), a web tool for efficientk-mer identification. This advancement will enrich our understanding of thecis-regulatory code landscape that shapes gene regulation in plant adaptation. PREDICT web tool is available at [http://predict.southerngenomics.org/kmers/kmers.php].
TDP43 proteinopathy exhibits disease, tissue, and context-specific cryptic splicing signatures
Authors: Newton Dwight F , Yang Rena , Gutierrez Johnny , Hofmann Jeffrey W , Yeh Felix L , Biever Anne , Friedman Brad A 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMislocalization of the nuclear protein TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) is a hallmark of ALS and FTD which leads to de-repression and inclusion of cryptic exons. These cryptic exons represent promising biomarkers of TDP43 pathology in a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. However, most cryptic exons to date have been identified fromin vitromodels or a single cortical FTD dataset, limiting our understanding of tissue and cell-specific splices as well as differences betweenin vitroandin vivoprocesses. We meta-analyzed published bulk RNAseq datasets representing 1,778 RNAseq profiles of ALS and FTD post-mortem tissue, andin vitromodels with experimentally depleted TDP43. We identified 142 cryptic splices, including 76 novel events, and identified cryptic splicing signatures with distinct cortical and spinal cord enrichment, among other context-specific profiles. Using RNAseq and RT-qPCR, we validated a subset of these splices in an independent spinal cord cohort, and demonstrated a correlation of TDP43 pathology severity with degree of cryptic splicing. Leveraging multiple public single-nucleus RNAseq datasets of ALS and FTD motor and frontal cortex, we confirmed the elevation of cortical-enriched splices in disease and localized them to layer-specific neuronal populations. This catalog of cryptic splices could inform efforts to develop biomarkers for tissue-specific and cell type-specific TDP43 pathology.
Motion vision is tuned to maximize sensorimotor energy transfer in blowfly flight
Authors: Humbert J. Sean , Krapp Holger G. , Baeder James D. , Badrya Camli , Dawson Inés L. , Huang Jiaqi V. , Hyslop Andrew , Jung Yong Su , Lutkus Cosima , Mortimer Beth , Nagesh Indira , Ruah Clément , Walker Simon M. , Yang Yingjie , Żbikowski Rafał W. , Taylor Graham K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiological sensors have evolved to act as matched filters that respond preferentially to the stimuli they expect to receive during ecologically relevant tasks [1–3]. For instance, insect visual systems are tuned to detect stimuli ranging from the small-target motion of mates [4, 5] or prey [6, 7] to the polarization pattern of the sky [1, 8]. In flies, individually identified neurons called lobula plate tangential cells respond to optic flow fields matched to specific self-motions [9, 10], forming the output layer of what is presently nature’s best-understood deep convolutional neural network [11–13]. But what functional principle does their tuning embed, and how does this aid motor control? Here we test the hypothesis that evolution co-tunes physics and physiology by aligning the preferred directions of an animal’s sensors to the most dynamically-significant directions of its motor system [14]. We build a state-space model of blowfly flight by combining visual electrophysiology, synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography, high-speed videogrammetry, and computational fluid dynamics. We then apply control-theoretic tools to show that the tuning of the fly’s widefield motion vision system maximizes the flow of energy from control inputs and disturbances to sensor outputs, rather than optimizing state estimation as is the conventional approach to sensor placement in engineering [15, 16]. We expect the same functional principle to apply across sensorimotor systems in other organisms, with implications for the design of novel control architectures for robotic systems combining high performance with low computational load and low power consumption.
Loci associated with cave-derived traits concentrate in specific regions of the Mexican cavefish genome
Authors: Wiese Jonathan , Richards Emilie , Kowalko Johanna E. , McGaugh Suzanne E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA major goal of modern evolutionary biology is connecting phenotypic evolution with its underlying genetic basis. The Mexican cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus), a characin fish species comprised of a surface ecotype and a cave-derived ecotype, is well suited as a model to study the genetic mechanisms underlying adaptation to extreme environments. Here we map 206 previously published quantitative trait loci (QTL) for cave-derived traits inA. mexicanusto the newest version of the surface fish genome assembly, AstMex3. This analysis revealed that QTL cluster in the genome more than expected by chance, and this clustering is not explained by the distribution of genes in the genome. To investigate whether certain characteristics of the genome facilitate phenotypic evolution, we tested whether genomic characteristics, such as highly mutagenic CpG sites, are reliable predictors of the sites of trait evolution but did not find any significant trends. Finally, we combined the QTL map with previously collected expression and selection data to identify a list of 36 candidate genes that may underlie the repeated evolution of cave phenotypes, includingrgrbwhich is predicted to be involved in phototransduction. We found this gene has disrupted exons in all non-hybrid cave populations but intact reading frames in surface fish. Overall, our results suggest specific “evolutionary hotspots” in the genome may play significant roles in driving adaptation to the cave environment inAstyanax mexicanusand demonstrate how this compiled dataset can facilitate our understanding of the genetic basis of repeated evolution in the Mexican cavefish.