bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myo‐electrical and motor activity of the stomach in the first days after abdominal surgery: Evaluation by electrogastrography and impedance gastrography
Authors: CLEVERS G. J. , SMOUT A. J. P. M. , VAN DER SCHEE E. J. , AKKERMANS L. M. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe electrical and motor activities of the stomach were studied in the early postoperative phase after abdominal surgery by means of surface recording techniques: electrogastrography (EGG) and impedance gastrography (IGG). EGG and IGG recordings were made pre‐operatively and on the first and second postoperative days. Physical signs and symptoms related to gastrointestinal motility were assessed. Two patient groups were studied; a group of patients undergoing cholecystectomy (n= 9) was compared with a group with major colonic surgery (n= 14). After colonic surgery, resumption of a normal oral diet was later and nausea and vomiting were seen more frequently than after cholecystectomy. Other physical signs concerning intestinal motility did not differ between the groups. Gastric myo‐electrical activity (0.04–0.06 Hz), recorded eletrogastrographically, tended to decrease in the postoperative phase in both groups, and return to pre‐operative values later in the colonic surgery group. However, none of the differences reached statistical significance. Abnormal gastric activity (tachyarrhythmia) was observed in one pre‐operative patient but in 6 patients (2 cholecystectomy, 4 colonic surgery) after operation. IGG variables were not significantly affected by the operation and were not significantly different between the groups.No correlation between the symptoms nausea and vomiting in the postoperative phase and the incidence of tachyarrhythmias could be demonstrated in this study. It is concluded that antral myo‐electrical and motor activity, measured with non‐invasive techniques (EGG and IGG), are not grossly abnormal on the first and second postoperative day after abdominal surgery. It is further concluded that abnormal gastric frequencies do not appear to play a major role in the genesis of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Primary liver cancer in non‐cirrhotic liver. Epidemiological study based on autopsies performed in Trieste, Italy and Kurume, Japan
Authors: GIARELLI LUIGI , MELATO MAURO , ZANCONATI FABRIZIO , MUSSE MOHAMED MOALLIN , LAURINO LICIA , OKUDA KUNIO , KOJIRO MASAMICHI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis study, aimed at elucidating the epidemiological features of primary liver carcinoma developing in non‐cirrhotic livers, was based on 25 103 autopsies performed between 1975 and 1984 in Trieste, Italy. These autopsies correspond to approximately 70% of all deaths that occurred in this area. Various factors allegedly related to carcinomas were analysed in reference to our previous study on cirrhotic livers and in comparison with 5603 autopsies in Kurume, Japan. There were 28 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 16 of cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) not associated with cirrhosis in Trieste, and 48 HCC and 19 CCC in Kurume. On the basis of our findings, it was concluded that cirrhosis, regardless of its cause, is the main pathogenetic factor in HCC; it is responsible for a much higher frequency (14.2:1) than in non‐cirrhotic livers, as well as for early occurrence of tumours (an average of 6 years earlier in cirrhotic liver) in Trieste. Patients in Trieste were older than those in Japan, and the frequency of HCC among all autopsies was much greater in the latter.By contrast, the influence of cirrhosis on cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) was negligible, as such association appeared purely coincidental or absent. The incidence of CCC among autopsies was greater in Japan. Our data on CCC were not sufficient to demonstrate any clear aetiopathogenetic association between this tumour and alcohol abuse and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, except for a possible aetiological role of gallstones. The frequency of CCC relative to HCC was greater in Trieste than in Japan; the incidence of HCC was much less in Trieste, whereas CCC was more frequent in Japan.
Effects of arachidonic acid metabolites and interleukin‐1 on platelet activating factor production by hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells from mice
Authors: MIZOGUCHI YASUHIRO , ICHIKAWA YUZO , KIOKA KIYOHIDE , KAWADA NORIFUMI , KOBAYASHI KENZO , YAMAMOTO SUKEO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effects of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and arachidonic acid metabolites, prostaglandin (PG) E1, leukotriene (LT) B4 and LTC4, on the amount of platelet activating factor (PAF) produced and released by mouse hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells were investigated. When hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells were incubated with 1 μg/mL of calcium ionophore (CaI) A23187, PAF production increased until 20 min after the start of incubation, but when the cells were incubated with PGE1 and CaI A23187, PAF production was significantly suppressed. On the other hand, when hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells were incubated with IL‐1β, LTB4 or LTC4 alone, PAF production significantly increased compared with that of the cells incubated without these substances. However, when the cells were incubated with PGE1 alone or with IL‐1β, LTB4 or LTC4 and CaI A23187, these effects were not observed. These results indicated that PAF produced by hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells is affected by IL‐1 and arachidonic acid metabolites, suggesting that immune and inflammatory reactions in these cells may be regulated by chemical mediators produced by the cells themselves.
High prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in heavy drinkers with chronic liver diseases in Japan
Authors: SHIMIZU SATOSHI , KIYOSAWA KENDO , SODEYAMA TAKESHI , TANAKA EIJI , NAKANO MASAYUKI 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTo investigate the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) in heavy drinkers with liver disease in Japan, we tested serum samples from 113 heavy drinkers with liver disease and 121 without liver disease. All were negative for HBsAg with no history of blood transfusion. These subjects had consumed more than 80 g of ethanol daily for 5 years or more. Findings for anti‐HCV determined by recombinant immunoblot assay testing were positive in 14 (35.9%) of the 39 patients with liver cirrhosis, 14 (58.3%) of the 24 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and in 8 (53.3%) of the 15 patients with chronic hepatitis. The anti‐HCV positive rate in the drinkers with these liver diseases was significantly higher than in those with such disorders as fatty liver (0/10), hepatic fibrosis (0/22), and alcoholic hepatitis (0/3), as well as in the alcoholics without liver disease (5/121, 4.2%). Considering histologic findings in the anti‐HCV positive cirrhotics, the occurrence of lymph follicle formation (71.4%), piecemeal necrosis (78.6%) and loose fibrosis (64.3%) were observed to a significantly higher extent than in cirrhotics who were negative for anti‐HCV. These findings suggest that advanced chronic liver disease among heavy drinkers in Japan, especially of hepatocellular carcinoma, is closely associated with HCV infection. In the livers of heavy drinkers who were positive for anti‐HCV, histologic findings indicated the possibility of viral infection.
Characterization of mucin in the hepatic bile of patients with intrahepatic pigment stones
Authors: YAMASAKI TORU , NAKAYAMA FUMIO , TAMURA SHINRI , ENDO MASAHIKO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTo investigate the relationship between biliary mucin and ductular stone formation, mucin was isolated from hepatic bile using gel filtration on Sepharose CL‐4B. The bile was obtained from 14 patients with stones in various sites of the biliary tract. The hexose content in the excluded fraction was significantly higher in patients with intrahepatic ductular stones (68.7 ± 20.5μg/mL; mean ± s.d.) than in those with gall‐bladder stones or extrahepatic ductular stones (23.8 ± 8.1 μg/mL, 33.3 ± 9.5 μg/mL; P < 0.05), suggesting a higher concentration of mucin in the bile of patients with intrahepatic ductular stones. Ion‐exchange chromatography on DEAE‐Sephacel showed that most mucin from each material was negatively charged and electrophoretic studies indicated that it was composed mainly of high molecular weight (> 106), sulfated glycoprotein. These results suggested that the mucin content of hepatic bile might have an important relation to the development of intrahepatic ductular stones.
Verapamil decreases ethanol‐induced gastric acid secretion in rats
Authors: LYONS HERNANDO , LEUNG YING‐KIT , BAKRI AKIRUL , LEE PING‐CHEUNG , LEBENTHAL EMANUEL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the effect of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, on gastric acid secretion and circulating gastrin levels in rats after ethanol challenge. Normal saline or verapamil were given intraperitoneally to different groups of rats at 1 min, 1 h or 2 h before the administration of ethanol. One hour later, gastrin and gastric acid concentrations were determined. Regression analysis revealed the relationship between gastric acid output and serum gastrin levels in the group receiving saline intraperitoneally and ethanol orogastrically and the group receiving saline both intraperitoneally and orogastrically is similar. The slope of the regression line of the ethanol‐challenged group treated with verapamil, however, was significantly lower than the slopes of the other two groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, verapamil decreased gastrin levels and acid output significantly in the ethanol‐challenged group (P < 0.01). When given 10 min prior to ethanol challenge, verapamil had a greater acid suppression effect than when given 60 or 120 min before the challenge. Verapamil at 20 mg/kg was more effective in acid secretion than at 10 mg/kg bodyweight, when administered 60 min before ethanol challenge.
The ion exchange properties of human post‐mortem caecal and colonic mucus: The effect of sodium butyrate
Authors: DUNCAN CHRISTINE E. , TASMAN‐JONES CLIFFORD 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study examined Na+/H+ ion exchange of caecal and colonic mucus. Two distinct Na+/H+ ion exchange populations of caecal mucus were identified, one group being a cation exchanger and the other an anion exchanger, suggesting that caecal mucus has ampholyte properties responsive to changing physical and chemical properties of luminal contents. Mucus from the colon was consistently an anionic exchanger—this may aid water and electrolyte absorption in the colon. When mucus was incubated with sodium butyrate, the Na+/H+ ion exchange properties of the mucus were decreased.
Gastrointestinal symptoms and masticatory dysfunction
Authors: MERCIER PAUL , POITRAS PIERRE 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTOne hundred and forty‐two female patients consulting a prosthodontic clinic for masticatory disturbances and suffering from mandibular ridge atrophy were systematically interrogated for the presence of digestive symptoms. Eighty‐five subjects (60% of the studied population) reported current digestive complaints; 32 had abdominal pain (burning sensation, bloating or cramps), 12 presented stool transit alteration (constipation or diarrhoea) and 41 reported both abdominal pain and stool transit abnormalities. A prospective evaluation of the digestive symptoms was obtained following surgical reconstruction of the atrophic mandibular ridge and insertion of functional dental prostheses to correct masticatory dysfunction. One year after jaw surgery, 62 of 73 patients (85%) initially complaining of abdominal pain reported symptomatic improvement of their condition, while a marked amelioration in stool habits was noted in 34 of 53 patients (64%) initially suffering intestinal transit alteration. The high incidence of digestive complaints in our patients with dental deficits and the improvement of these symptoms after jaw reconstruction support a case for masticatory failure in the development of digestive symptoms.
Prevalence of anti‐HCV among Chinese patients with acute and chronic liver disease
Authors: LEE SHOU‐DONG , WANG YUAN‐JEN , LIN HAN‐CHIEH , WU JAW‐CHING , CHAN CHO‐YU , HUANG YI‐SHIN , TSAI YANG‐TE , LO KWANG‐JUEI 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTo assess whether the hepatitis C virus plays an important role in Chinese patients with acute and chronic liver disease, antibodies to HCV (anti‐HCV) were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 67 patients with type A and B acute viral hepatitis, 165 patients with non‐A, non‐B (NANB) hepatitis, 438 patients with chronic hepatitis, 200 patients with postnecrotic liver cirrhosis, 72 patients with alcoholic liver disease, 55 patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver, 24 patients with toxic and drug‐induced hepatitis, and 20 patients with other chronic liver diseases. Anti‐HCV was not detected in sera from patients with type A and B acute viral hepatitis, toxic and drug‐induced hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, Wilson's disease, or lupoid hepatitis. The anti‐HCV prevalence was found to be highest in patients with NANB hepatitis (59% in sporadic and 73.2% in transfusion‐associated), 16.4% in non‐alcoholic fatty liver, 5.6% in alcoholic liver disease, 6.8% in chronic hepatitis, and 16% in postnecrotic liver cirrhosis. In patients with chronic hepatitis, the anti‐HCV prevalence was significantly higher in HBsAg‐negative (15/34, 44.1%) than in HBsAg‐positive cases (15/404, 3.7%; P<0.0001). The results indicate that HCV is a major agent of NANB hepatitis and plays an important role in HBsAg‐negative chronic liver disease in Taiwan.
Prevalence of hepatitis C infection in Hong Kong
Authors: CHAN G. C. B. , LIM W. , YEOH E. K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA study of a cross‐section of the Hong Kong Chinese population was done to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis C. Healthy subjects were random visitors of a health exhibition, while clinical subjects were recruited from an outpatient liver disease clinic, sexually transmitted disease clinics, dialysis centres and drug rehabilitation centres. A total of 910 subjects were tested. The assay kits were from Abbott and Ortho laboratories. Of the general population, 0.5% was found to be positive for antibody to hepatitis C (anti‐HCV). Suspected chronic non‐A non‐B patients, parenteral drug abusers and haemophiliacs shared a common high (up to 70%) prevalence of anti‐HCV. Sexual partners of index patients, homosexuals and female prostitutes as well as hepatitis B carriers had 0% prevalence. It was concluded that parenteral and blood product exposures were the two main risk factors for hepatitis C.
Anti‐HCV antibody in Chinese cirrhotic patients with or without hepatocellular carcinoma: Relation to multitransfusion
Authors: CHANG WEN‐YU , WANG LIANG‐YEN , CHUANG WAN‐LONG , CHEN SHINN‐CHERNG , LU SHENG‐NAN , YOU SAN‐LIN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTo investigate the positive rates of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) in Chinese cirrhotic patients with or without hepatocellular carcinoma and to evaluate the influence of blood transfusion on the prevalence of anti‐HCV in such patients, a longitudinal study in 30 cirrhotic patients (17 combined with hepatocellular carcinoma) was carried out. Five patients (16.7%) were anti‐HCV positive before transfusion. The positive rate of anti‐HCV in HBsAg‐positive patients and HBsAg‐negative patients was 9.5% (2/21) and 33.3% (3/9), respectively. The positive rates in cirrhotic patients with or without hepatocellular carcinoma were 23.5% (4/17) and 7.7% (1/13), respectively. The positive rate of anti‐HCV increased significantly after multitransfusion, and the estimated infectivity of blood products was 6.1 patients per 1000 units of blood products. It was concluded that the aetiological role of hepatitis C virus on liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the endemic area of hepatitis B virus is not so important as in Western countries, and transfusion might result in an overestimated pathogenic effect of hepatitis C virus in cirrhotic patients and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
A retrospective study on the patterns of sequential fluctuation of serum alpha‐fetoprotein level during progression from liver cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: IMAEDA TAKEYOSHI , DOI HIDETAKA 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe patterns of sequential fluctuation of serum alpha‐fetoprotein levels were analysed in 218 patients with liver cirrhosis in whom the serum alpha‐fetoprotein levels were regularly and serially measured for more than 1 year.In the group of patients with persistently abnormal high values (> 50 ng/mL) over a follow‐up period of more than 1 year, the incidence of the subsequent development of hepatocellular carcinoma was statistically and significantly higher (44%) compared to the other groups which showed normal (< 20 ng/mL) or low abnormal levels (21–50 ng/mL) (16%), and transient abnormal high levels (> 50 ng/mL for a period of less than 1 year, mostly within 5 months) or fluctuated repeatedly between normal and transient abnormal high levels (23%).Hepatocellular carcinoma developed in 48 patients more than 2 years after the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, and the fluctuating patterns of serum alpha‐fetoprotein levels were analysed in these patients.The serum alpha‐fetoprotein levels in 10 of these 48 patients stayed below 50 ng/mL until about 2.0–10.0 months before the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and then increased steadily until the time of hepatocellular carcinoma detection. In these 10 patients, the monthly increasing ratios were approximately 1.6–4.8 times the previous values.
Possible factors affecting the cholesterol nucleation time in human bile: A filtration study
Authors: KIYOSAWA RAITA , CHIJIIWA KAZUO , HIROTA ICHIO , NAKAYAMA FUMIO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study examined the hypothesis that filtration through the MW 300 kD cut‐off membrane (XM‐300) may influence factors affecting the cholesterol nucleation time (the appearance time of cholesterol monohydrate crystal). Differences in biliary lipids, biliary protein, mucous glycoprotein and vesicular composition were examined before and after the XM‐300 filtration in control and cholesterol gallstone patients. The nucleation time in the cholesterol gallstone patients was significantly faster than that in the control patients. However, the nucleation time in the gallstone patients was significantly prolonged following the XM‐300 filtration resulting in a similar value to that of the control patients. No differences in concentrations of total protein, mucous glycoprotein or lipids composition were observed. The nucleation time did not correlate with the total lipid concentration, the concentrations of biliary mucous glycoprotein or total protein. The prolonged nucleation time of gallstone bile by the XM‐300 filtration was primarily ascribed to the removal of vesicles, which was confirmed by gel chromatography. It was concluded that vesicles greater than MW 300 kD are primarily responsible for the rapid nucleation time.
Evaluation of fibronectin as a marker of malignant ascites
Authors: SIDDIQUI R. A. , KOCHHAR R. , SINGH V. , RAJWANSHI A. , GOENKA M. K. , MEHTA S. K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of fibronectin, a glycoprotein, for the diagnosis of malignant ascites and to compare it with conventional parameters. Ascitic fluid samples from 50 patients, 25 with intra‐abdominal malignancy and 25 without it were analysed for total protein concentration, fluid/serum protein ratio, glucose concentration, leucocyte count, pH, fibronectin concentration (by ELISA) and for malignant cell cytology. Twenty‐two of the 25 patients with ascites and intra‐abdominal malignancy had documented peritoneal metastases in group A. The 25 patients with non‐malignant ascites constituted group B. Mean values of ascitic fluid fibronectin, for groups A and B were 538 ± 46μg/mL and 60 ± 4.92μg/mL, respectively (P<0.001). Within the group with malignant ascites, patients who had positive malignant cytology (n= 12) exhibited a significantly higher ascitic fluid fibronectin concentration than patients with negative cytology (P<0.05). While mean ascitic fluid protein concentration showed a significant difference (P<0.01) between the two groups, there was no difference in respect to ascitic fluid pH, glucose concentration and leucocyte count. Malignant cell cytology was positive in 54.5% of group A patients with no false positive report in group B. The diagnostic accuracy for differentiating malignant from non‐malignant ascites was 100% for a fibronectin value of ≥ 110 μg/mL as compared with 78.7% for ascitic fluid protein concentration ≥ 0.5 g/dL, 57.4% for leucocyte count ≥ 1000/mm3, 59.6% for pH < 7.45 and 78.7% for malignant cell cytology.
A prospective randomized double blind trial comparing prednisolone and 4‐aminosalicylic acid enemas in acute distal ulcerative colitis
Authors: SHARMA M. P. , DUPHARE H. V. , DASARATHY S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA prospective double blind and randomized study was conducted to compare 4‐aminosalicylic acid (4‐ASA) and prednisolone‐21‐phosphate enemas in inducing remission in patients with acute distal ulcerative colitis. Patients with ulcerative colitis distal to the splenic flexure as assessed by flexible colonoscopy, barium enema and histology were included in the study. Of 40 consecutive patients, 20 were randomized to each of the two treatment groups. Clinical evaluation was done weekly; sigmoidoscopy and histology were performed at entry and at the end of 4 weeks. Therapy was discontinued in four patients treated with prednisolone enemas due to worsening of symptoms. The clinical improvement was significant in the remaining patients (P<0.001) and was similar in the two groups P > 0.1). Sigmoidoscopic and histological improvement were better with 4‐ASA than with prednisolone enemas. No adverse effects were observed in any of the patients treated. The present study suggests that 4‐ASA is a safe and effective treatment for inducing remission in acute distal ulcerative colitis.
Role of endogenous platelet‐activating factor in caerulein‐induced acute pancreatitis in rats: Protective effects of a PAF‐antagonist
Authors: FUJIMURA KAZUYO , KUBOTA YOSHITSUGU , OGURA MAMI , YAMAGUCHI TAKASHI , BINNAKA TAKESHI , TANI KAZUHIRO , KITAGAWA SHIN‐ICHI , MIZUNO TAKAKO , INOUE KYOICHI 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe role of endogenous platelet‐activating factor (PAF) in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis was investigated by determining whether CV‐6209, a selective PAF‐antagonist, confers protection against caerulein‐induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Continuous intravenous infusion of caerulein (5 μg/kg x h) induced time‐dependent increase in serum pancreatic enzymes, pancreatic weight, and protein content of the pancreas, and produced histologic evidence of acute pancreatitis. Pretreatment with CV‐6209 (1 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the elevation of serum pancreatic enzymes, pancreatic weight, and protein content of the pancreas. Caerulein‐induced tissue oedema and recruitment of leucocytic cells were markedly ameliorated with CV‐6209. Platelet‐activating factor may be released endogenously and may play a role during acute pancreatitis.
Abdominal migraine: A cause of abdominal pain in adults?
Authors: LONG D. E. , JONES S. C. , BOYD N. , ROTHWELL J. , CLAYDEN A. D. , AXON A. T. R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTEighty‐five patients with non‐organic abdominal pain, were interviewed with the help of a questionnaire. Those who responded to a high fibre diet were excluded from the study. Twenty‐seven patients had multiple pains and 58 described a single pain, which was intermittent in 39. A detailed analysis of the symptoms and family history of the latter group suggested that in 19 patients the symptoms might have been caused by abdominal migraine. Six of these 19 had typical migraine‐associated symptoms during the attack, characteristic abdominal pain and a family or personal history of classical migraine.Abdominal migraine should be considered in patients with non‐organic abdominal pain where symptoms are not typical of irritable bowel syndrome and when organic disease has been excluded.