bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrent endometrial carcinoma in women with a biopsy diagnosis of atypical endometrial hyperplasia
Authors: Trimble Cornelia L. , Kauderer James , Zaino Richard , Silverberg Steven , Lim Peter C. , Burke James J. , Alberts David , Curtin John 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdenocarcinoma of the endometrium is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, accounting for approximately 36,000 diagnoses of invasive carcinoma annually. The most common histologic type, endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EC), accounts for 75–80% of patients. The objective of this work was to estimate the prevalence of concurrent carcinoma in women with a biopsy diagnosis of the precursor lesion, atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH).METHODSThis prospective cohort study included women who had a community diagnosis of AEH. Diagnostic biopsy specimens were reviewed independently by three gynecologic pathologists who used International Society of Gynecologic Pathologists/World Health Organization criteria. Study participants underwent hysterectomy within 12 weeks of entry onto protocol without interval treatment. The hysterectomy slides also were reviewed by the study pathologists, and their findings were used in the subsequent analyses.RESULTSBetween November 1998 and June 2003, 306 women were enrolled on the study. Of these, 17 women were not included in the analysis: Two patients had unreadable slides because of poor processing or insufficient tissue, 2 patients had only slides that were not endometrial, the slides for 5 patients were not available for review, and 8 of the hysterectomy specimens were excluded because they showed evidence of interval intervention, either progestin effect or ablation. In total, 289 patients were included in the current analysis. The study panel review of the AEH biopsy specimens was interpreted as follows: 74 of 289 specimens (25.6%) were diagnosed as less than AEH, 115 of 289 specimens (39.8%) were diagnosed as AEH, and 84 of 289 specimens (29.1%) were diagnosed as endometrial carcinoma. In 5.5% (16 of 289 specimens), there was no consensus on the biopsy diagnosis. The rate of concurrent endometrial carcinoma for analyzed specimens was 42.6% (123 of 289 specimens). Of these, 30.9% (38 of 123 specimens) were myoinvasive, and 10.6% (13 of 123 specimens) involved the outer 50% of the myometrium. Among the women who had hysterectomy specimens with carcinoma, 14 of 74 women (18.9%) had a study panel biopsy consensus diagnosis of less than AEH, 45 of 115 women (39.1%) had a study panel biopsy consensus diagnosis of AEH, and 54 of 84 women (64.3%) had a study panel diagnosis of carcinoma. Among women who had no consensus in their biopsy diagnosis, 10 of 16 women (62.5%) had carcinoma in their hysterectomy specimens.CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of endometrial carcinoma in patients who had a community hospital biopsy diagnosis of AEH was high (42.6%). When considering management strategies for women who have a biopsy diagnosis of AEH, clinicians and patients should take into account the considerable rate of concurrent carcinoma. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
The effect of menatetrenone, a vitamin K2 analog, on disease recurrence and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment
Authors: Mizuta Toshihiko , Ozaki Iwata , Eguchi Yuichiro , Yasutake Tsutomu , Kawazoe Seiji , Fujimoto Kazuma , Yamamoto Kyosuke 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe high recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) determines the long‐term prognosis for patients with HCC. In the current study, the authors tested the effects of menatetrenone, a vitamin K2 analog, on recurrent HCC and survival after curative treatment.METHODSSixty‐one patients who were diagnosed as free of HCC after surgical resection or percutaneous local ablation were assigned randomly assigned to either a menatetrenone group (n = 32 patients) or a control group (n = 29 patients). Patients in the menatetrenone group received a daily oral dose of 45 mg of menatetrenone. Disease recurrence and survival rates were analyzed in patients with HCC.RESULTSThe cumulative recurrence rates in the menatetrenone group were 12.5% at 12 months, 39.0% at 24 months, and 64.3% at 36 months; and the corresponding recurrence rates in the control group were 55.2%, 83.2%, and 91.6%, respectively (P = 0.0002). Similar results were obtained even for patients who had low baseline levels of serum des‐γ‐carboxy‐prothrombin. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that the administration of menatetrenone was the only factor related to the recurrence rate of HCC. The cumulative survival rates for the patients who received menatetrenone were 100% at 12 months, 96.6% at 24 months, and 87.0% at 36 months; and the corresponding survival rates for patients in the control group were 96.4%, 80.9%, and 64.0%, respectively (P = 0.051).CONCLUSIONSThe current study findings suggested that menatetrenone may have a suppressive effect on recurrence of HCC and a beneficial effect on survival, although a larger, placebo‐controlled trial will be required to prove these effects. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Differences in clinical characteristics and disease‐free survival for Latino, African American, and non‐Latino white men with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Latini David M. , Elkin Eric P. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Sadetsky Natalia , DuChane Janeen , Carroll Peter R. ,   CaPSURE™ Investigators
Published: January 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDFew studies of ethnicity and prostate cancer have included Latino men in analyses of baseline clinical characteristics, treatment selection, and disease‐free survival (DFS). The present study examines the impact of Latino ethnicity on these parameters in a large, multiinstitutional database of men with prostate cancer.METHODSWe compared baseline disease characteristics and clinical outcomes for Latino (N = 138), non‐Latino White (NLW, N = 5619), and African‐American (AA, N = 608) men with localized prostate cancer by using chi‐square and ANOVA for baseline variables and survival analysis to examine differences in time to recurrence.RESULTSLatino men resembled AA men more than NLW on sociodemographic characteristics. AA men had higher Gleason scores and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis than Latino or NLW men (both P < 0.01). 10% of both Latino and AA men presented with advanced disease (T3b/T4/N+/M+) versus 4% of NLW (P < 0.01). Latino men did not receive different treatments than NLW or AA men after controlling for clinical and demographic factors; however, AA men were more likely to receive external beam radiation (OR = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99–2.31) and hormone treatment (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.05–2.32) then NLW men. For prostatectomy patients, 3‐year actuarial DFS rates were 83% for NLW men and 86% for Latino men versus 69% for AA men (P < 0.01). After controlling for clinical and sociodemographic variables, AA men were somewhat more likely than NLW to experience disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 0.98–1.94, P = 0.06).CONCLUSIONSLatinos are more similar to African Americans on sociodemographic characteristics but more similar to NLW on clinical presentation, treatments received, and DFS. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Implementing environmental management systems in industries along the Atlantic coast of Cameroon: drivers, benefits and barriers
Authors: Alemagi Dieudonne , Oben Pius M. , Ertel Jürgen 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe deleterious impact of industrial activities on safety health and environmental quality has motivated industries to adopt environmental management systems (EMSs). This paper examines the implementation of EMSs in industries that interact with the Atlantic coast of Cameroon, which has been plagued with effluents emanating from industrial activities.Through a questionnaire based survey that was conducted from January 2005 to June 2005 with all the industries along the Atlantic coast of Cameroon, this paper seeks to address the motivating factors, implementation hurdles and benefits accrued by these industries as a result of implementing EMSs. Although enormous benefits have been accrued as a result of EMS implementation, a plethora of hurdles still persist in the realm of EMS implementation in these industries. Against this background, this paper concludes by prescribing a number of recommendations that could be used to promote the implementation of EMSs in industries that interact with the Atlantic coast of Cameroon. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Enhanced Bioelectrocatalysis Using Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs)/Polyaniline Hybrid Systems in Thin‐Film and Microrod Structures Associated with Electrodes
Authors: Granot Eran , Basnar Bernhard , Cheglakov Zoya , Katz Eugenii , Willner Itamar 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe charge transport properties in composites consisting of pyrene sulfonic acid‐functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes embedded in polyaniline, PAn/SWCNTs, and polystyrene sulfonate‐doped PAn, PAn/PSS, are compared in thin‐film and microrods configurations. The PAn/SWCNTs and PAn/PSS microrods were prepared by the electropolymerization of the respective components in porous alumina membranes coated with a conductive gold support, followed by the dissolution of the membrane template. The charge transport upon the oxidation of the PAn/SWCNTs planar film or microrods structures is ca. 3.5–4.0‐fold faster than upon the oxidation of the PAn/PSS planar film or microrods structures, respectively. The faster charge transport in the PAn/SWCNTs films and microrods is used to enhance the mediated bioelectrocatalyzed oxidation of glucose in the presence of glucose oxidase (GOx). The bioelectrocatalyzed oxidation of glucose in the presence of the PAn/SWCNTs in the planar film and microrods structures is ca. 2‐fold and up to 6‐fold (depending on the potential) enhanced as compared to the respective PAn/PSS configurations.
Variation of zeta‐potential with temperature in fused‐silica capillaries used for capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Evenhuis Christopher J. , Guijt Rosanne M. , Macka Miroslav , Marriott Philip J. , Haddad Paul R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe temperature variation of electroosmotic mobility corrected for the effects of Joule heating (μEOF0) was employed to investigate the variation of the zeta‐potential (ζ) with temperature in fused‐silica capillaries. Experimentally determined values for ζ increased at 0.39% per °C, a rate that is about four to five times smaller than reported previously. Experimentally determined values of ζ were directly proportional to the absolute temperature although values were also influenced slightly by changes to the dielectric constant. It was found that the effective charge density at the inner surface of the capillary was independent of temperature.
Nonstationary electroosmotic flow in closed cylindrical capillaries
Authors: Mishchuk Nataliya A. , Gonzalez‐Caballero Fernando 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA theoretical model of the EOF and hydrodynamic flow in wide closed cylindrical capillaries, after the application of a stepwise voltage, is developed. Analytical expressions have been obtained as a sum of the solutions for the direct flow and backflow in both periodical and aperiodical regimes with arbitrary pulse/pulse or pulse/pause durations and amplitudes. The numerical analysis, performed for a few types of periodical and aperiodical regimes, shows the qualitative peculiarities of the liquid velocity profiles and its displacement for different numbers of pulses. The obtained results are compared with those obtained in the case of open capillaries. The possibility of the application of aperiodical stepwise regime for the investigation of electrophoresis is discussed.
Rank‐size distribution of teletraffic and customers over a wide area network
Authors: Naldi Maurizio , Salaris Claudia 
Published: January 2006

AbstractZipf's law is used to model the uneveness of customers and telecommunications traffic distribution among the geographical areas covered by a nationwide network. Three datasets, relative to the traffic intensity in the telephone network and to the number of Internet customers as recorded on an Italian network, are used to assess the validity of the law. The estimated Zipf parameter is lower than 1 (typical of town population) in all three cases but larger than those observed for population over the same administrative groupings (code areas and provinces). Therefore the largest code areas and provinces account for a larger share of the overall traffic than what their population share would suggest, but far lower than that expected from the popularised 80/20 Pareto rule. Copyright © 2006 AEIT
Remote extinguishing of large fires with powder aerosols
Authors: Krasnyansky Mikhail 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA new method for distant extinguishing of fire spreading in an extended closed volume such as a mine working, storehouse, subway tunnel, electric cable channels, etc. is proposed. A novel extinguishing agent based on a stable mixture of superfine ammonium phosphate [NH4H2PO4] and modified fumed silica [SiO2–CH3] is supplied to the fire by a powerful ventilator. The properties of the extinguishing agent (average particle size, airborne residence time, distance of transfer by the air stream) have been studied in an experimental chamber (100 m3). A test extinguishing of a large‐scale fire has been performed in an experimental tunnel 180 m in length. Extinguishing agent consumption, dynamics of temperature change over the tunnel length and composition of fire gases were recorded in this test. The influence of foam concentration, addition of nitrogen and halons to aerosol, were also studied. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autologous fibrin matrices: A potential source of biological mediators that modulate tendon cell activities
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Sanchez Mikel , Nurden Alan T , Zalduendo Mar , de la Fuente Maria , Orive Gorka , Azofra Juan , Andia Isabel 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe use of autologous fibrin matrices has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for the local and physiological delivery of growth factors in the treatment of several clinical conditions requiring tendon healing or tendon graft remodelling. In the present work, we investigated the proliferation, synthesis of type‐I collagen and angiogenic factors by tendon cells seeded on platelet‐rich (PR) and platelet‐poor (PP) matrices. Furthermore, in vivo cellular and vascular effects of each treatment were examined after infiltration in Achilles tendon in sheep. Results showed that the presence of platelets within the fibrin matrices increased significantly the proliferation of tendon cells. Additionally, cultured tendon cells synthesised type I collagen and angiogenic factors such as VEGF and HGF. The synthesis of VEGF, but not of HGF, was significantly higher when platelets were present within the matrix. In the sheep model, the injection of pre‐clotted plasma within tendons increased cellular density and promoted neovascularization. These results indicate that administration of fibrin matrices is a safe and easy strategy that may open new avenues for enhancing tissue healing and remodelling and influences the process of regeneration in clinical situations characterised by a poor healing outcome. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Platelet activation through interaction with hemodialysis membranes induces neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species
Authors: Itoh Saotomo , Susuki Chie , Tsuji Tsutomu 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe intradialytic activation of leukocytes is one of the major causes of hemodialysis‐associated complications. During hemodialysis, the formation of microaggregates consisting of platelets and neutrophils has been observed to accompany the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by leukocytes. In this study, we investigated the interaction of platelets and neutrophils with hemodialysis membranes in vitro to elucidate the mechanism underlying microaggregate formation and its relevance to leukocyte activation. The production of ROS in neutrophils was induced by the coincubation of neutrophils with polysulfone (PS) membranes, and was increased when platelets were present in the neutrophil suspension. Neutrophils that were incubated with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membranes in the presence of platelets also produced significant levels of ROS, suggesting that the presence of platelets augmented ROS production in neutrophils. Platelets adhered more firmly to hydrophobic membranes such as PS and PMMA membranes than to hydrophilic membranes, such as those composed of regenerated cellulose (RC) or ethylene vinylalcohol copolymer (EVAL). The adhesion of platelets to dialysis membranes composed of different materials was correlated with those membranes' ability to induce platelet activation as assessed by the cell surface expression of P‐selectin. Moreover, coincubation of neutrophils with platelets that had been treated with hydrophobic membranes induced a higher level of superoxide anion relative to those treated with hydrophilic membranes in association with the P‐selectin‐mediated microaggregate formation. These results suggest that platelets activated through interaction with hemodialysis membranes stimulate neutrophils to produce ROS via P‐selectin‐mediated adhesion, and that this property of adhesion to platelets is critical for the biocompatibility of hemodialysis membranes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
A sandwich tubular scaffold derived from chitosan for blood vessel tissue engineering
Authors: Zhang Ling , Ao Qiang , Wang Aijun , Lu Guangyuan , Kong Lijun , Gong Yandao , Zhao Nanming , Zhang Xiufang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMany materials have been investigated in blood vessel tissue engineering, such as PGA, PLGA, P4HB. However, chitosan is not mentioned in the arena. This study aimed to develop a chitosan‐based tubular scaffold and examine its feasibility of being applied in this field. Briefly, a knitted chitosan tube was dipped into chitosan solution (2%, w/v) and dried, then its inner and outer surface was mantled with a layer of chitosan/gelatin (4:1, w/w) complex solution, and then freeze‐dehydrated. In vitro characterization showed that the scaffold had a wall of 1.0 mm in thickness with a sandwich structure, and a porosity of 81.2%. The pore diameter was 50–150 μm and could be regulated by varying freezing conditions. The scaffold possessed proper swelling property, burst strength of almost 4000 mmHg, and high suture‐retention strength. After degradation for 2 months, the scaffold could maintain enough mechanical strength with an average mass loss of 18.7%. Vascular smooth muscle cells could spread and grow very well on the scaffold. This study provided a novel method to fabricate chitosan and its complex into a tubular scaffold and demonstrated the feasibility of the scaffold employed in the field of blood vessel tissue engineering. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Biodegradable polyurethane cytocompatibility to fibroblasts and staphylococci
Authors: Harris L.G. , Gorna K. , Gogolewski S. , Richards R.G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBiodegradable polyurethanes have potential for use as implantable devices (orthopedic, maxillofacial, cardiovascular, wound dressing and plastic surgery) because of their controllable elasticity, and the possibility of changing their chemistry and structure. Studying bacterial and cell adhesion to polyurethanes helps to determine surface cytocompatibility and suitability for in vivo trials. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and hTERT human fibroblast cells were used to determine the cytocompatibility of experimental biodegradable polyurethanes (PUs) with different hydrophobic‐to‐hydrophilic (pho:phi) content ratios (100% pho, 70% pho, and 30% pho). Poly(L/DL‐lactide) 70/30% (PLDL) and Thermanox were used as control surfaces. Surface characterization using noncontact profilometry, contact angles, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the three PU surfaces, PLDL, and Thermanox® have different properties. On the 100% PU and 30% PU surfaces, hTERT cells spread less in comparison to the 70% PU, PLDL, and Thermanox surfaces. The adsorption of fibronectin to the surfaces had no effect on the adhesion and spreading of hTERT cells when compared to the uncoated surfaces. The trend for S. aureus was the most adhered on the 70% PU and 30% PU, then Thermanox®, followed by 100% PU and PLDL, respectively. The amount of S. epidermidis adhesion followed the trend of the most on 70% PU, then 100% PU, then 30% PU and PLDL, and the least on Thermanox®. These results suggest that the 70% PU surface is cytocompatible to hTERT fibroblasts, while the 100% PU and 30% PU were not. All surfaces encouraged S. aureus and S. epidermidis colonization, particularly the 70% PU. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Optimum loading mode for axial stiffness testing in limb lengthening
Authors: Aarnes Gudrun T. , Steen Harald , Kristiansen Leif Pål , Festø Ellinor , Ludvigsen Per 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe axial stiffness of the regenerate is an indicator of bone healing after fracture or distraction osteogenesis. The axial stiffness may be assessed clinically by measuring the sharing of load between fixator and limb during loading. The aim of this study was to find out how to perform the stiffness test in order to minimize the influence of confounding factors to the test result. We investigated whether the test score was influenced by two factors: 1) the magnitude of the external load applied to the limb during the test; and 2) the patient's position during the test. The problem was approached by both a clinical study and by theoretical calculations. Thirty‐three patients undergoing leg lengthening were tested regularly during the consolidation period. The stiffness test was executed with both high and low load, and in a standing and sitting position. There were significant differences in results between both the tests with high and low load, and between the standing and sitting tests. This indicated that both the magnitude of force and patient position during the test influenced the test result. Accordingly, these factors represent sources of error and must be taken into consideration when performing an axial stiffness test. The result of the theoretical calculations confirmed the result. We recommend performing the test while the patient is sitting, and to apply no more than 20% of the individual's body weight. It is also recommended that the same load be used in every test, when testing a patient several times during the treatment period. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:348–354, 2006