bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracellular Localization of Dopamine in Cow Intestine
Authors: Bertler ÅKe , Hillarp Nils‐Åke , Rosengren Evald 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBertler, Å., N.‐Å. Hillarp and E. Rosengren. Intracellular localization of dopamine in cow intestine.In previous investigations a certain type of chromaffin cells containing dopamine has been demonstrated to occur in ruminant tissues (Falck, Hillarp and Torp 1959, Bertleret al. 1959). It seemed likely that dopamine in these cells was hold in intracellular particles in a similar manner as noradrenaline and adrenaline in the adrenal medulla (Hillarp, Lagerstedt and Nilson 1953). In this study the intracellular distribution of dopamine in the cow intestine which contains high amounts of this amine, has been studied. Some factors affecting this distribution have also been included.
Inhibitory Effects of Hydrochloric Acid in the Duodenum on Gastrin‐Stimulated Gastric Secretion in Heidenhain Pouch Dogs
Authors: Anderson Sven 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn Heidenhain pouch dogs with duodenum excluded from the normal gastrointestinal passage, gastric secretion was stimulated by continuous intravenous infusion of a gastrin preparation from hog's antral mucosa. On instillation of hydrochloric acid into the duodenum the secretion was decisively inhibited. This finding was taken to indicate that the activated pH‐sensitive inhibitory mechanism in the duodenum exerts its action directly upon the parietal cells.
Some Observations on the Synthesis and Storage of Catecholamines in the Adrenaline Cells of the Suprarenal Medulla
Authors: Bertler A. , Hillarp N.‐Å. , Rosengren E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe intracellular distribution of dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline in rabbit suprarenal glands was examined by differential centrifugation of homog‐enates (0.3 M sucrose) of the medullary tissue. The amines were determined spectrophoto‐fluorimetrically.Glands from normal animals were found to contain no — or very small — amounts of dopamine and noradrenaline. When the medulla was stimulated to secretion by insulin‐induced hypoglycemia, noradrenaline was rapidly formed. It accumulated in the “large granule” fraction, but largely disappeared together with the adrenaline store on prolonged stimulation. Large amounts of “bound” noradrenaline again accumulated during the recovery phase.Very large amounts of dopamine and noradrenaline rapidly (within 30 min) appeared after an intravenous injection of L‐dopa (100 mg/kg body wt). The new‐formed amines became rapidly “particle‐bound”. In contrast to dopamine which largely disappeared after some hours the noradrenaline remained in large amounts for at least 24 hours.A tentative scheme of the intracellular events which occur when the adrenaline cell synthesizes and stores catecholamines is proposed and discussed.
The Retention of Par enter ally Injected Calcium in Rachitic Dogs
Authors: Gran Fredrik C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe calcium and phosphorus balances were studied in two vitamin D free, rachitic dogs, 8 months old, given diets rich in Ca and P for 121 days. In the course of the last 113 days 36.4 g Ca (Ca glucono‐galacto‐gluconate) was injected parenterally. Practically all the injected Ca was retained. The faecal Ca exceeded food Ca by about 80 mg daily; the daily urinary Ca was 20–30 mg. The dogs gained about 20g in body Ca in the period of injections. The plasma Ca level was about 7.8 mg/100 ml and was unaffected by the Ca injections. Inorganic P in serum was about 11.5 mg/100 ml before the injections of Ca were started; following the daily Ca load, serum P was reduced to approximately 4 mg/100 ml. At the end of the experiment one dog Received vitamin D. The result was an increase in plasma Ca to 10.7 mg/100 ml in the course of 48 hours and a simultaneous reduction of the urinary Ca. Thus, vitamin D possibly affects the tubular reabsorption of Ca.
Inhibitory Effects of Hydrochloric Acid in Antrum and Duodenum on Histamine‐Stimulated Gastric Secretion in Pavlov and Heidenhain Pouch Dogs
Authors: Andersson Sven 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn Pavlov and Heidenhain pouch dogs with excluded antrum and duodenum the effects of HCL instillations into those areas upon histamine‐stimulated gastric secretion were studied. It was found that acidification of the duodenum produced slight and irregular inhibition in some dogs, but no inhibition in others. These findings led the author to suggest that histamine‐stimulated gastric secretion is resistant to duodenal inhibition. Acidification of the antrum had no inhibitory influence on the secretion. No difference in susceptibility to antro‐duodenal inhibition was found between secretions from Pavlov and Heidenhain pouches.
Effect of Ethanol and Hydration on the Urinary Excretion of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline and on the Blood Sugar of Rats
Authors: PERMAN E. S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPerman E. S. Effect of ethanol and hydration on the urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline and on the blood sugar of rats.Evidence that ethanol increases the adrenal medullary secretion has previously been obtained from studies of the urinary catecholamine output in man and other studies.‐In rats moderate ethanol doses (2.4‐2.7 g/kg) increased diuresis and noradrenaline excretion in comparison with similarly hydrated controls (6.1–6.8 ml/kg). However, further data suggest that ethanol effects on the catecholamine excretion in the dose‐range 0.7‐3 g/kg are explained by the diuretic action of ethanol. Hydration experiments showed that the noradrenaline excretion increased with rising diuresis. The adrenaline excretion was increased at moderate hydration levels.–Ethanol doses above 4 g/kg produced increased adrenaline output and hyperglycemia, as reported by others, and concomitantly caused major changes in the general condition of the rat. It is suggested that the effect of high ethanol doses on the adrenal medullary secretion is secondary to anoxia, due to hypoventilation.
Transfer of Radioactive Iodide Between Mother and Foetus in the Rabbit
Authors: Crone Monna , Waagø Gudrun 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCrone M. and G. Waagø. Transfer of radioactive iodide between mother and foetus in the rabbit.Radioiodide injected subcutaneously into rabbits disappeared more rapidly from the serum of pregnant than non‐pregnant animals. To clarify the cause of this difference the 131I uptake in the embryos was measured and higher values were found than corresponded to simple diffusion between mother and foetus. The radioactivity of the foetal gastric juice increased with time. Its 131I concentration was 13 to 109 times higher than in the foetal serum. The 131I concentration in the foetal gastric juice remained high at a time when the 131I concentration had decreased to a low level in the foetal serum. This was considered to indicate that iodide is actively transported through the foetal gastric mucosa and is accumulated in the foetal gastric juice. Radioiodide was found in a higher concentration in the foetal serum and in an even higher concentration in the foetal part of the placenta than in the maternal serum. A steady state of 131 across the placenta was not obtained as the radioactivity of the maternal serum decreased rapidly. A diffusion delay in the foetus was not sufficient to explain the results, which therefore indicated that iodide is actively transported from the mother to the foetus and is concentrated in the foetal part of the placenta. These conclusions were supported by experiments where 131I was administered in such a way that the radioactivity of the maternal serum increased or was constant.Perchlorate was shown to inhibit the 131I uptake in the foetus by inhibiting the active transport across the placenta and through the foetal gastric mucosa. The iodide concentration mechanism of the foetal part of the placenta was also inhibited.
Hemodynamic Studies with Differential Pressure Technique
Authors: Porjé I. G. , Rudewald B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPorjé I. G. and B. Rudewald. Hemodynamic studies with differential pressure technique. Acta physiol. scand. 1961. 51. 116–135.A theoretical analysis of the fluid motion in a circular elastic tube is presented. The formulae for computation of pulsatile flow and other hydro‐dynamic data are discussed. Apparatus and technique for recording differential pressure are, described. Results of studies of the hydrodynamics in a model circulation system show that the theory is valid. For kinematic viscosities ranging from 1–9 cst the differential pressure is in the main unaltered. Original differential pressure records from the ascending aorta in cases with normal aortic valves are presented and their features described. Blood velocity curves computed from such curves are presented. To illustrate the use of the method the effect of the Valsalva manoeuvre and a nitrite (Etrynit, Bofors) upon the aortic blood motion are demonstrated.
Renal Clearance in Dogs with Regard to Variations According to Age and Sex
Authors: ÅSheim Å. , Persson F. , Persson S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractÅsneim Å., F. Persson S. PerssonRenal clearance in dogs with regard to variations according to age and sex.Repeated determinations of renal clearance of inulin and PAH were done in 32 dogs. Statistical analysis showed no variations with age and sex. Repeated determinations of TmPAH were done in 16 dogs. The results indicated that even under standardized conditions TmPHA, is highly varying. Statistical data are presented to show that the so‐called self‐depression begins to occur even at the lowest plasma‐PAH‐concentrations considered necessary for achieving a sufficient tubular load.
Cineangiocardiographic Studies of Puppies and Full‐Grown Dogs
Authors: Gribbe Per , Hirvonen Leo , Peltonen Tuomas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGribbe P., L. Hirvonen T. Peltonen. Cineangiocardiographic studies of puppies and full‐grown dogs.Cineangiocardiographic studies have been carried out on puppies and full‐grown dogs. The volumes of the left atrium and the left ventricle were calculated using 35‐mm film, exposed at a rate of 48 pictures per second. The stroke volume and residual blood volume were calculated from the volume curves. The stroke volume calculated as a percentage of the end‐diastolic volume was larger for the puppies (77 per cent) than for the full‐grown dogs (60 per cent). In relation to their body weight the stroke volume for the full‐grown animals was 60 per cent lower than that for the puppies. The pulmonary circulation time increased with age. It was shorter in puppies than in full‐grown dogs, both absolutely and in terms of the number of cardiac cycles which it occupied. The prolongation of the pulmonary circulation time with advancing age, when expressed in terms of the number of heart cycles which it occupies, may be mainly due to a decrease of the stroke volume in relation to the body weight.
On the Nervous Regulation of the Biliary System in the Cat
Authors: Pallin Benct , Skoglund Sten 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPallin B. and S. SkoglundOn the nervous regulation of the biliary system in the cat.The nervous regulation of the biliary system was investigated on cats. Stimulation of the vagal nerves was shown to increase the pressure in the gallbladder and the hepatic duct, while stimulation of the splanchnic nerves was found to inhibit the action of the vagal nerves. From these experiments is concluded that the vagal nerves exert a ‘secretory’ action on the biliary system, while the splanchnic nerves inhibit the outflow of bile. The mechanisms underlying the interaction of these facilatatory and inhibitory actions are briefly discussed.
Noradrenaline Release from Isolated Nerve Granules
Authors: Euler U. S. v. , Lishajko F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEuler U. S. V. and F. Lishajko. Noradrenaline release from isolated nerve granules.Some properties of isolated transmitter granules obtained by high g centrifugation of press juice from bovine splenic nerves have been studied. Of the total noradrenaline present in the press juice 20–35 per cent was recovered in the sediment. The granules are stable for several hours at + 4° C but rapidly lose their noradrenaline on incubation in isotonic neutral media at 37° C. Noradrenaline is rapidly released even at low temperature at pH 4 and below, and by detergents. Hypo‐ and hyperosmotic solutions and freezing and thawing, had a moderate releasing effect. Acetylcholine, nicotine, serotonin and GABA had no detectable effect on the noradrenaline release from the granules. Nerve granules are more sensitive to temperature than adrenal medullary granules but show higher resistance to freezing and thawing and osmotic changes.
Air Flow Patterns and Heat Transfer Within the Respiratory Tract: A new method for experimental studies on models
Authors: Ingelstedt Sven , Toremalm Nils Gunnar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIngelstedt S. and N. G. Toremalm. Air flow patterns and hat transfer within the respiratory tract.The authors have worked out an experimental method which makes it possible to determine air flow patterns in models of the respiratory tract. The method is based on the close relationship between heat transfer and pressure drop conditions which occur in a tube with a warm inner surface when air is blown or sucked through it. The air temperatures before entering and after leaving a tube of tracheal dimensions are determined and the heat transferred to the passing air is computed. Thus heat is used as a tracer. As a result of friction to flow, an aerodynamic boundary layer is built up. It is stated that the shape of this layer determines the actual degree of heat transfer between the airway mucous membranes and the respired air. The hitherto unknown biological importance of variations in the boundary layer within different parts of the respiratory tract is briefly discussed.
On the Origin of Lithocholic and Ursodeoxycholic Acids in Man: Bile Acids and Steroids 106
Authors: Hellström Kjell , Sjövall Jan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHellström K. and J. Sjövall. On the origin of lithocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids in man.Chenodeoxycholic acid‐2414 C was given perorally to two healthy persons and intravenously to one patient having a bile fistula. In the normal subjects bile was collected from the duodenum every morning for three days. Only a minor part of the chenodeoxycholic acid had been metabolized. About 3 per cent of the activity recovered from the healthy subjects was present as lithocholic acid. Ursodeoxycholic acid accounted for 2 per cent of the activity in one of these subjects. None of these acids were found in the bile fistula patient. Unidentified labelled compounds more polar than chenodeoxycholic acid were present in all bile samples.
Conduction Rates of Afferent Fibres to the Anterior Tongue of the Dog
Authors: Iriuchijima J. , Zotterman Y. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIriuchijima J. and Y. Zotterman. Conduction rates of afferent fibres to the anterior tongue of the dog.Rate of conduction and sensory function were studied in single afferent fibres of the chorda tympani and the lingual nerve of the dog. All taste fibres appeared to be medullated fibres (Aδ) conducting at rates from 18 to 2 m/sec. The thermal fibres, “cold” as well as the more rare “warm” fibres responding to slight temperature changes (less than 1 °C) were also A δ fibres. All “touch” fibres so far encountered were found to be medullated A fibres. In addition to these medullated fibres some afferent C fibres were found which responded to heavy pressure as well as to extreme temperatures. These fibres obviously serve nociceptive reactions.
X‐Ray Diffraction Studies on Peripheral Nerve Myelin
Authors: Höglund G. , Ringertz H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHoglund G. and H. Ringertz. X‐ray diffraction studies on peripheral nerve myelin.The dimension of the radial repeating unit was measured on peripheral nerve from 15 species belonging to 4 vertebrate classes. In the fishes the dimension was 161 ± 3 Å and in the birds 182 ± 5 Å. In the mammalian and amphibian species the dimensions were in agreement with earlier work (185 ± 3 Å and 171 ± 3 Å, respectively).Diffraction patterns from brachial plexus nerves of sheep fetuses were obtained from a gestation age of approximately 90 days. Weak lines indicating a lower number of regularly arranged radial repeating units compared to older fetuses were obtained from fetuses between 90 and 105 days gestation age. The diffraction patterns from fetuses older than approximately 105 days gestation age were similar to those from peripheral nerves of adult sheep.
Aspects on the Glucose Metabolism of the Hypothalamus and the Pituitary in Goats
Authors: Larsson B. Anderson S. , Pocchiari F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAndersson B., S. Larsson F. Pocchiari. Aspects on the glucose metabolism of the hypothalamus and the pituitary in goats.With the aid of 14C‐labelled glucose certain aspects of glucose metabolism have been studied in different parts of the hypothalamus and in the posterior and anterior pituitary. The metabolic pattern of the hypothalamus differs from that of the pituitary. Also within the hypothalamus certain differences exist with regard to the fate of the glucose in the incubation medium. Large amounts of GABA are found in the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. Glutamine was formed in all samples studied. In the anterior pituitary, glutamine contributes to about 25 % of all amino acids formed from the radioactive glucose. In the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary about 10 μg per 25 mg of tissue per hour of the glucose present in the incubation medium was converted into amino acids.The findings are discussed in relation to previous biochemical and physiological studies on this subject.
Localization of Focal Potentials Evoked in the Red Nucleus and the Ventrolateral Nucleus of the Thalamus by Electrical Stimulation of the Cerebellar Nuclei
Authors: Appelberg Bo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe experiments described were performed on cats anesthetized with Nembutal. Electrical stimulation was applied to the cerebellar nuclei with stereo‐tactically guided stimulating electrodes. Focal potentials evoked in the mesencephalon and in the thalamus were recorded with glass or tungsten microelectrodes. The potentials were histologically localized to the red nucleus and the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus. It was found that monosynaptic pathways exist between the interposite nucleus in the cerebellum and the red nucleus on one hand and between the interposite nucleus and the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus on the other. No activation of the investigated regions could be obtained by stimulation of the dentate or fastigial cerebellar nuclei.
Respiratory Response to Acute Exercise in Induced Metabolic Acidosis
Authors: Refsum H. E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractVentilation, carbon dioxide output and oxygen uptake were recorded before, during and after a work of 500 kgm in one minute — before and after inducing a marked metabolic acidosis by means of ammonium chloride. While the resting ventilation in the acidotic state was moderately increased, the ventilatory increase due to the exercise was extremely high. The excess carbon dioxide blown off simultaneously, however, was very moderate. The increases of the resting and working ventilations were due to increases in the tidal volumes only. The recovery times of carbon dioxide output and ventilation were markedly increased, while the recovery times of oxygen uptake showed no definite change. The described pattern of respiratory response to acute exercise is often found in patients with cardiac or cardiopulmonary disease.
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine in the Adrenal Medulla
Authors: Hall Gösta , Hillarp Nils‐Åke , Thieme Georg 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe claim (Fellman 1958, Fellman and Devlin 1958) that large amounts of free phenylalanine are present in the adrenal medulla has been tested using cation exchange and paper chromatographic methods. The concentration of this amino acid was found to be very low (< 20 to 40 μg/g wet wt). Tyrosine — but no m‐tyrosine, phenylserine or 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (< 20 μg/g) – was detected in small amounts (10 to 20 μg/g). Thus the catecholamine producing cells in the gland do not accumulate free phenylalanine or tyrosine to a level appreciably higher than that in the blood plasma.
Occurrence and Distribution of Catecholamines in the Fish Brain
Authors: Euler U. S. von 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRelatively high amounts of catecholamines were found in the brains of an elasmo‐branch, Squalus acanthias and a teleost, Gadus callarias. Only small quantities could be demonstrated in the brain of a cyclostome, Myxine glutinosa. Both adrenaline and noradrenaline occurred in the brains of Squalus and of Gadus although noradrenaline was predominant. A characteristic distribution of the catecholamines in the brain of Squalus was observed. The highest amount of noradrenaline was found in the diencephalon, hypothalamus, and hypophysis, while the cerebellum contained only very small quantities.
Studies on the Transfer of Phosphate from Mother to Foetus in the Rabbit
Authors: Fuchs Anna‐Riitta , Fuchs Fritz 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe transfer of phosphate from mother to foetus was studied in rabbits with radioactive P. As in guinea pigs the inorganic phosphate concentration is higher in the foetal than in the maternal plasma, and the transfer takes place against the gradient. The transfer rates calculated from experiments of 30 min duration did only exceed or approach the rate of foetal P retention when the foetal and placental uptake rates were combined. In an experiment of 120 min duration the foetal uptake alone equalled the foetal retention. The combined foetal and placental uptake rates in experiments of varying duration were relatively constant.In some of the rabbits gestation was artificially prolonged by daily injections of progesterone. The foetal P concentration increases up to but not beyond term. The placental concentration is fairly constant in the second half of gestation and after term, but goes up when intrauterine foetal death occurs, indicating that the placenta stays alive for some time and continues to take up phosphate. The active transport mechanism in the placenta must be localized to the chorionic cells, probably at their boundary toward the intervillous space, building up in the placenta a phosphate pool, from which the foetus is supplied.
Further Studies on the Effect of Catechol on the Isolated Guinea‐Pig Ileum
Authors: SjÖSTRAND N. O. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCatechol in doses of 0.1–2 mg added to the isolated guinea‐pig ileum in a 15 ml bath usually induced a contraction of the strip. Atropine and paralyzing doses of cocaine and hexamethonium abolished this contraction. BOL and phenbenzamine had no effect on contractions due to catechol. Catechol in non‐stimulating doses reduced the inhibition caused by adrenaline and noradrenaline. It is suggested that catechol like nicotine stimulates the gut through the mediation of acetylcholine and stimulation of the intramural ganglia.
Oxygen Uptake and Pulse Rate while Running with Undetermined and Determined Stride Lengths at Different Speeds
Authors: Knuttgen Howard G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTwo well‐trained subjects ran to steady‐state on a motor‐driven treadmill at speeds between 9 and 16.5 km/h with undetermined stride lengths and at speeds between 9 and 11.66 km/h with a determined length of stride. Determinations of oxygen uptake and pulse rate were made during steady‐state at each speed. The results indicate that kinetic energy is the predominant factor in running (a nearly rectilinear relationship was obtained between oxygen uptake and velocity to the second power). The increase in pulse rate was nearly rectilinearly related to that of oxygen uptake.