bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Marchantiophyta (Liverworts): Rich Sources of Macrocyclic Bis(bibenzyls)
Authors: Asakawa Yoshinori , Toyota Masao , Hashimoto Toshihiro , Tori Motoo , Nagashima Fumihiro , Harinantenaina Liva 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bacteriorhodopsin as an Electronic Conduction Medium for Biomolecular Electronics
Authors: Jin Yongdong , Honig Tal , Ron Izhar , Friedman Noga , Sheves Mordechai , Cahen David 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Shellfish Toxin Azaspiracid‐1
Authors: Oikawa Masato , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Alkene Dipeptide Isosteres and Its Application to the Structure—Activity Relationship Study on Bioactive Peptides
Authors: Oishi Shinya , Narumi Tetsuo , Ohno Hiroaki , Otaka Akira , Fujii Nobutaka 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Nanostructure Control of Semiconducting Polymers
Authors: Ogino Kenji , Sato Hisaya 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of New Palladium (0)‐Catalyzed Reactions Based on Novel Oxidative Addition Mode
Authors: Tsukamoto Hirokazu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Semisynthesis of Human Complex Type Oligosaccharide Library and Chemical Synthesis of Glycopeptides and Glycoprotein
Authors: Okamoto Ryo , Kajihara Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Estrogen and Its Receptors in Cancer
Authors: Chen George G. , Zeng Qiang , Tse Gary M. K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper/Amino Acid Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of Aryl and Vinyl Halides with Nucleophiles
Authors: Ma Dawei , Cai Qian 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Efficient and Selective Synthesis of Di‐, Tri‐, and Tetrasubstituted Alkenes via Pd‐Catalyzed Alkenylation—Carbonyl Olefination Synergy
Authors: Negishi Ei‐Ichi , Huang Zhihong , Wang Guangwei , Mohan Swathi , Wang Chao , Hattori Hatsuhiko 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions Employing Dialkylbiaryl Phosphine Ligands
Authors: Martin Ruben , Buchwald Stephen L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lessons from Nature: Biomimetic Organocatalytic Carbon—Carbon Bond Formations.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Narine Arun A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fundamentals of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)
Authors: Yamauchi Jun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Extensive spinal decussation and bilateral termination of cervical corticospinal projections in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Rosenzweig Ephron S. , Brock John H. , Culbertson Maya D. , Lu Paul , Moseanko Rod , Edgerton V. Reggie , Havton Leif A. , Tuszynski Mark H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTo examine neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying fine motor control of the primate hand, adult rhesus monkeys underwent injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the right motor cortex. Spinal axonal anatomy was examined using detailed serial‐section reconstruction and modified stereological quantification. Eighty‐seven percent of corticospinal tract (CST) axons decussated in the medullary pyramids and descended through the contralateral dorsolateral tract of the spinal cord. Eleven percent of CST axons projected through the dorsolateral CST ipsilateral to the hemisphere of origin, and 2% of axons projected through the ipsilateral ventromedial CST. Notably, corticospinal axons decussated extensively across the spinal cord midline. Remarkably, nearly 2‐fold more CST axons decussated across the cervical spinal cord midline (≈12,000 axons) than were labeled in all descending components of the CST (≈6,700 axons). These findings suggest that CST axons extend multiple segmental collaterals. Furthermore, serial‐section reconstructions revealed that individual axons descending in either the ipsilateral or contralateral dorsolateral CST can: 1) terminate in the gray matter ipsilateral to the hemisphere of origin; 2) terminate in the gray matter contralateral to the hemisphere of origin; or 3) branch in the spinal cord and terminate on both sides of the spinal cord. These results reveal a previously unappreciated degree of bilaterality and complexity of corticospinal projections in the primate spinal cord. This bilaterality is more extensive than that of the rat CST, and may resemble human CST organization. Thus, augmentation of sprouting of these extensive bilateral CST projections may provide a novel target for enhancing recovery after spinal cord injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:151–163, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modular subdivision of mushroom bodies by kenyon cells in the silkmoth
Authors: Fukushima Ryota , Kanzaki Ryohei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn insects, olfactory information in the glomeruli of the antennal lobe, the first olfactory center, is transmitted to the lateral protocerebrum and the calyx of the mushroom body via projection neurons. In male silkmoths (Bombyx mori), arborization patterns in the calyx differ markedly between projection neurons that respond to sex pheromones and those that respond to general odors. However, little is known about the organization of the mushroom body's intrinsic neurons, called Kenyon cells (KCs), which receive the inputs from the projection neurons. We investigated the silkmoth mushroom body and identified four parallel subdivisions in the lobes and pedunculus by immunolabeling with antibodies against the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A in Drosophila melanogaster (DC0) and the neuromodulatory peptide FMRFamide. To further understand the detailed organization of the mushroom body, we performed extensive labeling of individual KCs. We identified four morphological types whose axonal projections corresponded to the subdivisions in the lobes, and found that each type of KC had a characteristic dendritic morphology in the calyx. These results show a correlation between the axonal projections of KCs in the lobes and dendritic morphology in the calyx, and indicate different functional roles for the subdivisions. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:315–330, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Education in peace agreements, 1989–2005
Authors: Dupuy Kendra E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEducation has been on the minds of peacemakers since the end of the Cold War, contrary to expectations. An examination of how education is addressed in full and partial post‐Cold War peace agreements shows that education is mentioned in a large number of the agreements. However, the way in which education is addressed and incorporated into peace agreements varies significantly in terms of what is mandated to occur in the education sector after the signing of the peace agreement, including what kind of education will be provided and to whom and how education is viewed in these agreements.
Managing conflict in construction megaprojects: Leadership and third‐party principles
Authors: Anderson Jr. Lee L. , Polkinghorn Brian 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article examines the importance of conflict resolution skills and techniques when managing the complex relationships and interdependence necessary for large‐scale construction projects. Partnering between multiple public and private organizations is often required in order for these projects to succeed. The authors examine the specific partnering skills that contributed to the success of the Woodrow Wilson Bridge project.
Direct, High‐Yield Conversions of Cellulose into Biofuel and Platform Chemicals—On the Way to a Sustainable Biobased Economy
Authors: Rüsch gen. Klaas Mark , Schöne Heralt 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSteering away from alcohol: Fermentation of carbohydrates to ethanol might not be the best way to utilize biomass for the production of fuels and platform chemicals. Two different new remarkable approaches lead to polyols or furfural derivatives.magnified image
Comparison of radial basis function networks and empirical equations for converting from pan evaporation to reference evapotranspiration
Authors: Trajkovic Slavisa 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) is one of the major processes in the hydrological cycle, and its reliable estimation is essential to water resources management. Numerous equations have been developed for estimating ET, most of which are complex and require numerous items of weather data. In many areas, the necessary data are lacking, and simpler techniques are required. Evaporation pans are used throughout the world because of the simplicity of technique, low cost, and ease of application.In this study, the radial basis function (RBF) network is applied for pan evaporation to evapotranspiration conversions. The adaptive pan‐based RBF network was trained using daily Policoro data from 15 May 1981 to 23 December 1983. The RBF network obtained, Christiansen, FAO‐24 pan, and FAO‐56 Penman–Monteith equations were verified in comparison with lysimeter measurements of grass evapotranspiration using daily Policoro data from 25 February to 18 December 1984. Based on summary statistics, the RBF network ranked first with the lowest RMSE value (0·433 mm day−1). The RBF network obtained on the basis of the daily data from Policoro, Italy and pan‐based equations were further tested using mean monthly data collected in Novi Sad, Serbia, and Kimberly, Idaho, USA. The overall results favoured use of the RBF network for pan evaporation to evapotranspiration conversions. The use of the RBF network is very simple and does not require any knowledge of ANNs. Users require only code (RBF network), Epan data and corresponding Ra data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lymphocyte adhesion and interactions with biomaterial adherent macrophages and foreign body giant cells
Authors: Chang David T. , Colton Erica , Matsuda Takehisa , Anderson James M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTo characterize the effects of adherent macrophages and biomaterial surface chemistries on lymphocyte adhesion and activation, lymphocytes were co‐cultured with monocytes alone and together, directly and separated by a porous membrane transwell on hydrophobic, hydrophilic/neutral, hydrophilic/anionic, and hydrophilic/cationic biomaterial surfaces. Surface adherent cells were quantitatively analyzed after 3 days utilizing immunofluorescence and phase contrast imaging. After periods of 3, 7, and 10 days, secreted interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) was quantified by ELISA. Limited direct biomaterial‐adherent lymphocytes were identified regardless of the presence of macrophages or foreign body giant cells (FBGC). The majority of adherent lymphocytes, which were T cells (>95%) rather than natural killer cells, predominantly interacted with adherent macrophages and FBGCs; greater than 90% were interacting on surfaces with higher levels of adherent macrophages and FBGCs and greater than 55% were interacting on surfaces with lower levels of macrophages and FBGCs. The hydrophilic/anionic surface promoted higher levels of macrophage‐ and FBGC‐adherent lymphocytes but was nonselective for lymphocyte subtype interactions. The hydrophilic/neutral surface was selective for CD4+ T lymphocyte interactions while the hydrophobic surface was selective for CD8+ T lymphocyte interactions. IFN‐γ was produced in direct and indirect co‐cultures but not in lymphocyte‐ and monocyte‐only cultures suggesting that lymphocytes are activated via macrophage‐derived cytokines rather than direct biomaterial contact. Direct lymphocyte interactions with adherent macrophages/FBGCs enhanced IFN‐γ production relative to indirect co‐cultures. These results suggest that lymphocytes prefer interactions with adherent macrophages and FBGCs, resulting in lymphocyte activation, and these interactions can be influenced by biomaterial surface chemistries. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Physiological, hormonal and molecular mechanisms regulating chilling injury in horticultural species. Postharvest technologies applied to reduce its impact
Authors: Sevillano Laura , Sanchez‐Ballesta María T , Romojaro Felix , Flores Francisco B 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe storage of fruits and vegetables at low temperature near the freezing point is the foremost technology applied to retard postharvest ripening and to extend the shelf‐life period of agricultural products. However, most tropical and subtropical produce is sensitive to chilling injury, which constitutes a set of physiological alterations caused by exposure to low temperatures for variable time periods, to the detriment of quality. This article is a thorough review of the physiological, hormonal and molecular mechanisms involved in the induction and development of this physiopathy. Also, the different postharvest technologies of a chemical, physical or biotechnological nature assayed in research or applied in the agro‐food industry with the aim of inhibiting or delaying the emergence of chilling injury in sensitive plant produce of agricultural interest are reviewed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The impact of fluoridated milks on the availability of trace elements in milk
Authors: Zohoori Vida , Seal Christopher J , Moynihan Paula J , Steen Ian N , Maguire Anne 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Milk is a nutritious food and also used as a vehicle for fluoride (F) administration. However, the impact of added F on milk's nutritional profile is unknown. In vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion with enzymatic steps was used to measure and compare the availability of trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mo and Se) in pasteurised skimmed (0.3% fat) and whole (4% fat) milk samples with four concentrations of F (0, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0 ppm) as well as in non‐F and F ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT)‐processed 4% fat milks. Post‐centrifugation supernatant trace element concentrations were measured after each stage of digestion by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy.RESULTS: F showed a negative effect on Cu availability in cow's milk. Fat removal increased the availabilities of Cu, Zn, Cr and Se but decreased the Mo availability. There was a greater Cr availability in the UHT milk sample compared with pasteurised samples.CONCLUSION: These initial data suggest that adding F to milk does not have a marked effect on its trace element profile, with the exception of reduced Cu availability. However, these findings would benefit from further studies both in vitro and in vivo. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration on cell structure of sapotas
Authors: Rodrigues Sueli , Gomes Maria CF , Gallão Maria I , Fernandes Fabiano AN 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Drying is a traditional way of fruit preservation. Because of the high energy costs associated with air‐drying, osmotic dehydration is often applied as a pretreatment to reduce air‐drying time. Ultrasound is an emerging technology with several applications in food processing. The effect of ultrasound on fruit tissue depends on the tissue structure and composition, and ultrasound might be beneficial to improve air‐drying efficiency, with consequent reduction in process costs. In this study the effect of ultrasound and ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration on sapota tissue structure was evaluated.RESULTS: Ultrasound induced cell disruption and breakdown of cells with high phenolic content (dense cells) and also induced elongation of parenchyma cells. Ultrasound application combined with high osmotic gradient enhanced water loss and solid gain because of the formation of microscopic channels. Ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration induced gradual distortion of the shape of cells, cell breakdown and formation of microscopic channels. Micrographs of the fruit tissue showed that ultrasound preferentially affected dense cells.CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic pretreatment was able to preserve the tissue structure of the fruit when distilled water was used as liquid medium. The application of ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration resulted in severe changes in the tissue structure of the fruit, with consequent increase in the effective water diffusivity, because of the formation of microscopic channels and cell rupture. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
New Insight into Biodegradation of Polylactide (PLA)/Clay Nanocomposites Using Molecular Ecological Techniques
Authors: Sangwan Parveen , Way Cameron , Wu Dong‐Yang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNovel molecular ecological techniques were used to study changes in microbial community structure and population during degradation of polylactide (PLA)/organically modified layered silicates (OMLS) nanocomposites. Cloned gene sequences belonging to members of the phyla Actinobacteria and Ascomycota comprized the most dominant groups of microorganisms during biodegradation of PLA/OMLS nanocomposites. Due to their numerical abundance, members of these microbial groups are likely to play an important role during biodegradation process. This paper presents new insights into the biodegradability of PLA/OMLS nanocomposites and highlights the importance of using novel molecular ecological techniques for in situ identification of new microorganisms involved in biodegradation of polymeric materials.magnified image
Synthesis of Helical Poly(Phenyleneethynylene‐Pyromellitic Diimide)s and the Responsiveness of the Helicity to Solvents, Heat, and pH
Authors: Liu Ruiyuan , Sanda Fumio , Masuda Toshio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractN,N′‐bis‐(L‐4′‐iodophenylalanine octyl ester)pyromellitic diimide (1) was synthesized, and the Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling polymerization of 1 with para‐/meta‐diethynylbenzenes (2p/2m) was carried out to obtain optically active phenyleneethynylene‐based polyimides carrying ester groups [poly(1‐2p) and poly(1‐2m)] with number average molecular weights in the range from 4 900 to 19 700 in 68–80% yields. The polymers were satisfactorily converted into the corresponding polymers carrying free carboxy groups [poly(1‐2p)′ and poly(1‐2m)′] by alkaline hydrolysis. All the polymers exhibited intense CD signals, indicating that they formed helices with predominantly one‐handed screw sense. The helical conformations of the polymers were stable against heat. Poly(1‐2p)′ and poly(1‐2m)′ lost the one‐handed helicity by the addition of NaOH, and the resultant polymer recovered the original conformation upon HCl addition.magnified image
Preparation of Silver Nanoparticle Dispersions via a Dendritic‐Polymer Template Approach and their Use for Antibacterial Surface Treatment
Authors: Gladitz Michael , Reinemann Stefan , Radusch Hans‐Joachim 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn easy and robust approach for the production of long‐term‐stable silver nanoparticle dispersions with narrow size distribution (mean diameter ≈3–5 nm) has been developed. Amphiphilic‐modified hyperbranched polyethyleneimines with core/shell architecture were used as macromolecular templates and carriers. We systematically investigated the antibacterial performance and morphology of thin silver‐loaded hyperbranched polymer coatings on poly(ethylene terephthalate) prepared by different wet coating techniques. Furthermore, the influence of the density of the hydrophobic shell, varied by the degree of amidation between 50 and 70%, was studied with respect to the silver release behavior, wetting properties and antibacterial activity of the silver/hbp hybrid surface coatings.magnified image