bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEMOGRAPHY OF THE ENDEMIC MINT DICERANDRA FRUTESCENS IN FLORIDA SCRUB
Authors: Menges Eric S. 
Published: May 2008

Florida scrub supports many endemic species in a pyrogenic shrubland on xeric yellow sands. One genus with multiple endemics is the mint Dicerandra, with its five narrowly endemic species most prevalent in edges and recently burned areas. Study of the demography of Dicerandra frutescens, an endemic and endangered mint restricted to Florida scrub, began in September 1988. Eleven populations have been studied at various locations across Archbold Biological Station and at one privately held site. Some populations, particularly along fire lanes, have been added during the study. Survival and recruitment data were initially collected monthly but were later collected quarterly in September, December, March, and June. Each annual census in September also recorded the life history stage for that “year” (the year including any censuses after the prior September census) and measures of size (basal diameter, number of branch tips, number of reproductive branch tips). Survival variables representing monthly, quarterly, and annual survival were also assembled. These survival variables contain information on the type of plant recruiting (seedling or new adult) or, for plants already in the data set, whether the plant survived the interval, died during the interval, was already (previously) dead, or whether survival could not be ascertained (no tag, no plant).Several populations were subjected to prescribed burns during the study. For years with burns, variables summarize whether plants (or quadrats) were burned or not. This data set consists of 5530 records, each an individual plant, from 1988 through 2004. Published analyses based on data from 1990–2000 found that finite rates of increase were greater than 1 for populations less than six years post‐fire, but thereafter populations were predicted to decline. Similarly, populations in fire lanes were most successful when the time‐since‐disking was short. A yard‐edge population showed variable demography. Stochastic simulations in Florida scrub sites suggested an optimal fire return interval of 6–12 years (regular fires) or 6–21 years (stochastic fires).Data collection on this project is continuing, and we anticipate updating data periodically.
“Under Construction”
Authors: Peoples Whitney A. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This essay seeks to explore the sociopolitical objectives of hip-hop feminism, to address the generational ruptures that those very objectives reveal, and to explore the practical and theoretical qualities that second- and third-wave generations of black feminists have in common. Ultimately, the goal of this essay is to clearly understand the sociopolitical platform of hip-hop feminists and how that platform both impacts and figures into the history and future of black American feminist thought.
“Like an Old Soul Record”
Authors: Clay Andreana 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Examinations of the relationship of queer sexuality and the hip-hop generation have recently emerged in academia. However, little or no work has been done that explores hip-hop's bisexual, independent poster child, Me'Shell Ndegeocello. Since her debut in 1993, Ndegeocello's relationship to hip-hop has been both a reflection of and influence upon understandings of race, gender, and sexuality for a generation of queer feminists of color. In this paper, I examine how her emergence and popularity mark an important political and ideological moment for queer Black women in the post-civil rights era. Grounded in the works of Patricia Hill Collins, bell hooks, Audre Lorde, and Jewelle Gomez, I examine how media representations of Ndegeocello coupled with her lyrics and music demonstrate the complexities and contradictions of “hip-hop feminism.” In particular, the 1990s represent a movement away from the Reagan/Bush era that characterized not only the teenage years of hip-hop culture, but important cultural and economic advances of the Black community. At the same time, this decade marks the shift to the more “liberal” Clinton administration, where the advances of previous generations began to decline. In this context I ask in what ways does Me'Shell Ndegeocello represent a generation of young queer women who were raised after (and sometimes on) early Black feminist critique? Further, how is her work emblematic of Black feminist understandings of gender and sexuality at the same time that she complicates this same discourse?
Flow structure underneath the large amplitude waves of a vertically falling film
Authors: Malamataris Nikolaos A. , Balakotaiah Vemuri 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNumerical solutions of the two‐dimensional Navier‐Stokes equations for vertically falling films show that when the wave amplitude exceeds a certain magnitude, two hyperbolic points on the wall and an elliptic point in the film are generated below the minimum of the wave and travel at the wave velocity. The shear stress along the wall between the hyperbolic points becomes negative and the instantaneous flow field in the film shows roll formation with flow reversal near the wall region. As the wave amplitude increases further, these rolls expand to the free surface dividing the film into regions of up and down flows. For high Kapitza number fluids such as water, multiple regions of up‐flow and negative wall shear stress exist with their width oscillating in time. The flow field is interpreted in both stationary and moving frames of reference and in explaining transport enhancements at the wall and free surface. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Food provisioning and stone handling tradition in Japanese macaques: a comparative study of ten troops
Authors: Leca Jean‐Baptiste , Gunst Noëlle , Huffman Michael A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBy addressing the influence of food provisioning on stone handling (SH), a behavioral tradition in Japanese macaques, this study contributes to the ongoing debate in cultural primatology by asking whether human intervention influences the emergence or propagation of behavioral traditions. SH is a form of object play consisting of the manipulation of stones by performing various behavioral patterns. We tested the hypothesis that the frequency of food provisioning affects the daily performance, form, and context of occurrence of SH by influencing a troop's feeding‐related activity budget. We used a standardized observation procedure to investigate SH in ten troops of Japanese macaques. In troops provisioned several times a day, SH was more frequent, longer, and more prevalent during provisioning than nonprovisioning periods. These effects of provisioning were not significant in troops provisioned less frequently. SH was more frequently integrated with food‐related activities in troops supplied with food several times a day than in the other troops. Food provisioning may be a key factor in the innovation and transformation phases of the SH tradition in Japanese macaques. Am. J. Primatol. 70:803–813, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of preparation conditions on the characteristics of chitosan‐alginate dressings for skin lesions
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Paula , Saraiva Sanchez Elisabete Maria , da Costa Aline Carvalho , Moraes Ângela Maria 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this work, the preparation and characterization of membranes obtained through chitosan and alginate coacervation and designed for use as wound dressings were evaluated. The influence of different stirring rates and rates of addition of chitosan solution to alginate solution on the final characteristics of the biomaterial was analyzed in detail, aiming at a simple and easily scalable membrane production protocol. The results show that membranes with dry thickness from 66 to 80 μm, wet thickness from 106 to 633 μm, tensile strength varying from 6.86 to 31.14 MPa, elongation at break from 3.97 to 8.42%, and maximum water uptake up to 19 g of water per gram of membrane and that are able to prevent the permeation of bacteria can be obtained in a fairly reproducible way by the procedure established. The membranes prepared at flow ratio of 40 mL/h and stirring equal to 100 rpm showed a high potential for use on highly exuding wounds. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis of cationic hemicellulosic derivatives with a low degree of substitution in dimethyl sulfoxide media
Authors: Ren J. L. , Peng F. , Sun R. C. , Liu C. F. , Cao Z. N. , Luo W. , Tang J. N. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA series of water‐soluble cationic 2‐hydroxylpropyltrimethylammonium hemicellulosic derivatives with low average degrees of substitution (DS's) were prepared by the incorporation of the cationic moiety 2,3‐epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (ETA) onto the backbone of hemicelluloses in the presence of NaOH as a nucleophilic catalyst in homogeneous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) media. The dependence of the homogeneous reaction on the different affecting factors was investigated. The average DS was calculated from the N/C ratio in the products and from the weight gain. The degree of substitution determined by the nitrogen content (DSN) values up to 0.25 in a one‐step synthesis of the etherified hemicelluloses could be controlled by the adjustment of the amount of solvent used and the molar ratio of NaOH or ETA to the anhydromonomer units in the hemicelluloses. The structure of the cationic hemicellulosic derivatives formed was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and further confirmed with solution‐state 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. In comparison, no significant degradation of the hemicellulosic derivatives occurred during the etherification of the polymers in the homogeneous DMSO system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
A mechanical durability comparison of various perfluocarbon proton exchange membranes
Authors: Tang H. L. , Pan M. , Wang F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMechanical endurance and degradation mechanism of Nafion211 proton exchange membrane and ePTFE/PFSA composite PEMs were investigated in this article. It was found that the shrinkage stress caused by the water‐uptake is the primary source to induce the mechanical decay. The Nafion 211 is more stable when cycle‐stress is lower than 1.5 MPa, while the water‐uptake generating stress can reach to 2.23 MPa soaked in surroundings with condition of 25% RH and temperature at 25°C. The study also found that the ePTFE/PFSA composite PEMs are more durable than the Nafion membrane mostly due to the lower water‐uptake generating shrinkage stress of 0.34–0.4 MPa (25% RH@ 25°C) but not the high yield strength or breaking strength. The PFSA/ePTFE composite membranes can keep stable for more than 5000 cycles, which is about 40% higher than that of the pure Nafion membrane (about 3500 cycles.). For preparing durable proton exchange membrane, it is necessary to improve the proton exchange resin impregnation in the ePTFE matrix. Chemical bonding of the PTFE and the PSFI by modification of the PTFE matrix is also very effective to enhance the mechanical durability of the composite PEMs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
QT Dispersion at Rest and During Adenosine Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Correlation with Myocardial Jeopardy Score
Authors: Pradhan J. , Vankayala H. , Niraj A. , Kumaravelu P. , Trivedi M. , Thatai D. , Afonso L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe usefulness of QT dispersion (QTd) during adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) to predict severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been studied.MethodsEighty‐eight patients referred for diagnostic cardiac catheterization after abnormal MPI were included. Thirty‐four patients with no stenosis (Duke Score = 0) were included in Group 1, and 54 patients with significant CAD (Duke Score ≥ 2) formed Group 2. Resting and stress QTd and prolongation in QTd (ΔQTd) were measured and evaluated as independent predictors for severity of CAD.ResultsResting QTd was higher in Group 2 as compared with Group 1. During peak infusion of adenosine, QTd was significantly prolonged in Group 1 but remained unchanged, or fixed, in Group 2. In addition, in patients with significant CAD, resting QTd positively correlated with the Duke Score. On multiple regression analysis; independent predictors for significant CAD (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI], p‐value) were resting QTd (4.9, 95% CI 1.1–21.6, < 0.05 for fourth Quartile compared with first Quartile) and ΔQTd (4.0, 1.4–11.2, < 0.01 for first and second Quartiles compared with third and fourth Quartiles).ConclusionIn patients with abnormal stress MPI, prolonged resting QTd, and fixation of QTd during stress are independent predictors of significant CAD. In addition, resting QTd correlate with the Duke Jeopardy Score and therefore, may have independent prognostic value. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Evolution of Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes (Unstable Angina and Non‐ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction): Part ll
Authors: Richard Conti C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe first cardiac catheterization in a living human was performed in 1929 by Werner Forssmann.1 Forssmann was a young urologist in training who catheterized his right atrium from his left anticubital vein and took a picture of the catheter in the right atrium. He also showed that it was safe to exercise with a catheter in the right atrium since he had to walk to the radiology department. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adsorption of Pb(II) by sawdust and neem bark from aqueous solutions
Authors: Naiya T.K. , Bhattacharya A.K. , Das S.K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis study reports a systematic evaluation of sawdust and neem bark as low‐cost natural adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Studies were carried out to investigate the effect of pH, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage level, and equilibrium contact time for the adsorption process. The optimum pH for Pb(II) adsorption was found to be 5 and equilibrium was achieved within 1 h of contact time for both adsorbents. Maximum adsorption of the metal ion was obtained at an adsorbent dosage of 7.5 g/L, which may be considered as optimum adsorbent dosage level. At optimum conditions of pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage level removal efficiency of 94.5% ± 0.3% for Pb(II) adsorption was observed for sawdust, which was found to be 86.7% ± 0.5% for neem bark. Kinetics data were best described by pseudo‐second‐order model. Diffusion studies showed that the adsorption process is based on surface adsorption as well as intraparticle diffusion for both adsorbents. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted well with Freundlich isotherm models. The sorption energy calculated from Dubinin‐Radushkevich isotherm indicated that the adsorption process is chemical in nature. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) of sawdust and neem bark in terms of monolayer adsorption were compared with that reported in literature. The thermodynamic equilibrium constant and the Gibbs free energy were determined and the results indicated the spontaneous adsorption process. FTIR studies were carried out to understand the type of functional groups in sawdust and neem bark responsible for metal binding process. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008
Flammability ranking of foliage species by factor analysis of physical and chemical pyric properties
Authors: Shan Yanlong , Liu Naian , Shu Lifu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this paper, factor analysis is introduced to evaluate the flammability of 55 foliage species that may be used in China for construction of the fuel break network of forest strips with lower flammability. Six pyric parameters, i.e. air dry moisture content, absolute dry moisture content, ignition point, ash content, caloric value and extractive content, are measured and used as variables for factor analysis. The covariance analysis shows that four principal factors can be extracted to reflect the flammability in different physical and chemical senses. In terms of the contributions of the four factors to the variances and the physical significance of the relevant parameters, the four factors are, respectively, termed as ‘flaming factor,’ ‘air dry factor,’ ‘ash factor’ and ‘absolute dry factor.’ The stability of the factor analysis method is examined by a different number of samples considered, and the variation degrees of the orderings indicate that the method has high reliability to measure the total flammability of foliage species. The results of the flammability evaluation are verified by comparison with the recommended tree species in the Chinese technology standard. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Additive empirical force field for hexopyranose monosaccharides
Authors: Guvench Olgun , Greene Shannon N. , Kamath Ganesh , Brady John W. , Venable Richard M. , Pastor Richard W. , Mackerell Alexander D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe present an all‐atom additive empirical force field for the hexopyranose monosaccharide form of glucose and its diastereomers allose, altrose, galactose, gulose, idose, mannose, and talose. The model is developed to be consistent with the CHARMM all‐atom biomolecular force fields, and the same parameters are used for all diastereomers, including both the α‐ and β‐anomers of each monosaccharide. The force field is developed in a hierarchical manner and reproduces the gas‐phase and condensed‐phase properties of small‐molecule model compounds corresponding to fragments of pyranose monosaccharides. The resultant parameters are transferred to the full pyranose monosaccharides, and additional parameter development is done to achieve a complete hexopyranose monosaccharide force field. Parametrization target data include vibrational frequencies, crystal geometries, solute–water interaction energies, molecular volumes, heats of vaporization, and conformational energies, including those for over 1800 monosaccharide conformations at the MP2/cc‐pVTZ//MP2/6‐31G(d) level of theory. Although not targeted during parametrization, free energies of aqueous solvation for the model compounds compare favorably with experimental values. Also well‐reproduced are monosaccharide crystal unit cell dimensions and ring pucker, densities of concentrated aqueous glucose systems, and the thermodynamic and dynamic properties of the exocyclic torsion in dilute aqueous systems. The new parameter set expands the CHARMM additive force field to allow for simulation of heterogeneous systems that include hexopyranose monosaccharides in addition to proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2008
Force field parameters for rotation around χ torsion axis in nucleic acids
Authors: Ode Hirotaka , Matsuo Yuri , Neya Saburo , Hoshino Tyuji 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTo raise the accuracy of the force field for nucleic acids, several parameters were elaborated, focusing on the rotation around χ torsion axis. The reliability of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was significantly increased by improving the torsion parameters at C8N9C1′X (X = H1′, C2′, O4′) in A, G and those at C6N1C1′X in C, T, and U. In this work, we constructed small models representing the chemical structure of A, G, C, T, and U, and estimated energy profile for χ‐axis rotation by executing numerous quantum mechanical (QM) calculations. The parameters were derived by discrete Fourier transformation of the calculated QM data. A comparison in energy profile between molecular mechanical (MM) calculation and QM one shows that our presently derived parameters well reproduce the energy surface of QM calculation for all the above torsion terms. Furthermore, our parameters show a good performance in MD simulations of some nucleic acids. Hence, the present refinement of parameters will enable us to perform more accurate simulations for various types of nucleic acids. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2008
Acute cold‐ and chronic heat‐exposure upregulate hepatic leptin and muscle uncoupling protein (UCP) gene expression in broiler chickens
Authors: Dridi Sami , Temim Soraya , Derouet Michel , Tesseraud Sophie , Taouis Mohammed 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEmerging evidence showed that variations in environmental temperature affect both leptin and uncoupling protein (UCP) gene expression in mammals, whereas a little is known about such interactions in birds. Thus, we conducted the present study to investigate the influence of acute (2 hours) cold (4°C) and chronic (10 days) heat (32°C) exposure on hepatic leptin and muscle UCP gene expression in 5‐wk‐old broiler chickens. Both cold‐ and heat‐exposure significantly (P<0.05 to P<0.001) upregulated hepatic leptin (by 35 and 46%, respectively) and muscle UCP mRNA levels (by 71 and 71%, respectively) compared to the thermoneutrality (22°C). This result suggests that leptin and UCP may be involved in the thermoregulation response of chickens to extreme climate (cold and hot temperatures). The upregulation of hepatic leptin gene expression was accompanied by an increase in plasma leptin levels, indicating that leptin may be regulated at transcriptional level. The increase of leptin and UCP mRNA abundance, and leptinemia we report here were not related to plasma glucose or insulin levels.In conclusion, the exposure of broiler chickens to extreme ambient temperatures (cold and heat) increases hepatic leptin and muscle UCP gene expression. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:381–388, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology of the melon and its tendinous connections to the facial muscles in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Harper C.J. , McLellan W.A. , Rommel S.A. , Gay D.M. , Dillaman R.M. , Pabst D.A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe melon is a lipid‐rich structure located in the forehead of odontocetes that functions to propagate echolocation sounds into the surrounding aquatic environment. To date, the melon's ability to guide and impedance match biosonar sounds to seawater has been attributed to its unique fatty acid composition. However, the melon is also acted upon by complex facial muscles derived from the m. maxillonasolabialis. The goal of this study was to investigate the gross morphology of the melon in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and to describe how it is tendinously connected to these facial muscles. Standard gross dissection (N = 8 specimens) and serial sectioning (N = 3 specimens) techniques were used to describe the melon and to identify its connections to the surrounding muscles and blubber in three orthogonal body planes. The dolphin forehead was also thin‐sectioned in three body planes (N = 3 specimens), and polarized light was used to reveal the birefringent collagen fibers within and surrounding the melon. This study identified distinct regions of the melon that vary in shape and display locally specific muscle‐tendon morphologies. These regions include the bilaterally symmetric main body and cone and the asymmetric right and left caudal melon. This study is the first to identify that each caudal melon terminates in a lipid cup that envelopes the echolocation sound generators. Facial muscles of the melon have highly organized tendon populations that traverse the melon and insert into either the surrounding blubber, the connective tissue matrix of the nasal plug, or the connective tissue sheath surrounding the sound generators. The facial muscles and tendons also lie within multiple orthogonal body planes, which suggest that the melon is capable of complex shape change. The results of this study suggest that these muscles could function to change the frequency, beam width, and directionality of the emitted sound beam in bottlenose dolphins. The echolocation sound propagation pathway within the dolphin forehead appears to be a tunable system. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.