bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Data on the Antiquity of Polychrome Painting from Venezuela
Authors: Zucchi Alberta 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe existence of a new early tradition of polychrome painting (Caño del Oso) has been revealed through recent archaeological excavations in the western Venezuelan Llanos. This tradition seems to be much older than Tocuyano, which up to the present yielded the oldest absolute dates not only for Venezuela, but also for the Caribbean, Central America, and Mesoamerica. The chronological position of the Cano del Oso polychrome pottery, its characteristics, and the lack of stylistic relationships with Tocuyano, enabled the formulation of 2 hypotheses regarding the place of origin of the technique: Venezuela or Colombia. Likewise it permitted the assumption that within Venezuela, polychrome painting spread from one local group to another independently from other ceramic traits.
The Applied Science Center for Archaeology
Authors: Rainey Froelich 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Applied Science Center for Archaeology of the University Museum in Philadelphia is now experimenting with devices that will facilitate the task of precise location and even discovery of cultural strata. The Geohm resistometer and the proton magnetometer are both being used satisfactorily, and further development of a new sonic device has begun. The Center has also been studying new techniques for the determination of trace elements in metals and ceramics, and the thermoluminescence method for dating pottery and other fired objects. In cooperation with the already established radiocarbon laboratory, a project is underway to acquire and date tree samples of very great age. The Center is also gathering and cross-indexing information on completed analyses carried out with the various dating devices and techniques. This information is drawn from both published and unpublished materials.
A Formative-Period Painted Pottery Complex at Ancón, Peru
Authors: Mendieta Ramiro Matos 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe well-known archaeological site at Ancon, Peru, represents the timespan from preceramic through the end of the Formative period. Recent investigations have permitted definition of five ceramic phases, of which Ancon C is of particular interest here because it marks the appearance of zoned and unzoned painted decoration. These techniques were added to the preexisting ceramic complex, characterized by limited frequency of decoration by incision. A burial equating with Ancon C contained a variety of grave goods, including a complete olla with zoned red decoration, covered with a basket and containing among other objects a wooden figurine with articulated arms. The estimated date is around 1200 B.C. These associations expand the definition of the cultural complex on the central Peruvian coast in the pre-Chavin period and raise questions about the origin and diffusion of the traits, which have also been reported from Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Mesoamerica.
A New Look at Geochronology in the Upper Great Lakes Region
Authors: Quimby George I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA revision of Great Lakes geologic history involving the temporal position of Glacial Lake Algonquin and some post-Algonquin lake stages requires corresponding revision of certain archaeological interpretations. Indications are that the Paleo-Indian occupations of the upper Great Lakes area are somewhat earlier than heretofore supposed.
Archaeological and Other Evidence: A Fresh Look at the “Laurentian Iroquois”
Authors: Trigger Bruce G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPrehistorians frequently must depend on archaeological evidence alone in forming judgments. It is evident from prehistoric studies, however, that difficulties are likely to arise when archaeological evidence is credited as being, of itself, a completely adequate basis for reconstructing every aspect of prehistory. This paper outlines the challenge that historical and linguistic evidence have posed to one explanation based solely on archaeological data. The problem concerns the ethnic identity of the so-called Laurentian Iroquois, who inhabited the St. Lawrence Valley in the 16th century. The archaeological material from this period has been identified as “Onondaga” or “Onondaga-Oneida,” but the vocabularies that were collected by early explorers in this area do not appear to be those of any of the languages of the Five Nations Iroquois. This particular confrontation of archaeological and linguistic evidence has resulted, not in the confirmation of current archaeological theories, but in the awareness of a broader range of alternative hypotheses than has been entertained hitherto.
The Proper Way to Report Birds in Print
Authors: Hargrave Lyndon L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe improper publication of bird names in archaeological reports may lead to misunderstanding of texts. Standardized procedures for printing bird names have been in general use by ornithologists for about 100 years but are discussed here for the archaeologists. Examples are given so distortion of facts may be avoided and clarity of interpretation may be better maintained.
The Ceramics of Huistla, a West Mexican Site in the Municipality of Etzatlán, Jalisco
Authors: Glassow Michael A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTest excavations at the site of Huistla in Jalisco, Mexico, yielded a series of ceramic types which is similar to types or wares found in the coastal lowland strip of Nayarit and Sinaloa. These affiliations indicate an occupation during a period sometime between about A.D. 800 and 1200. A reappraisal of the Aztatlán complex, recently divided into a series of local phases by Kelley, Winters, and Grosscup, leaves the impression that, while subdivision of the complex is justifed in light of their new data, certain continuities in ceramic design styles between these phases still give substance to the Aztatlán complex.
Neutron Activation Analysis of Some Cuicuilco and Teotihuacán Pottery: Archaeological Interpretation of Results
Authors: Bennyhoff J. A. , Heizer R. F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNeutron activation was used by Johnson and Stross to determine the manganese content of the clay used in 11 sherds from Cuicuilco and Teotihuacán in the Valley of Mexico. The results indicate that three distinctive sherds of negative ware from Cuicuilco differ from local Late Preclassic wares but are similar to pottery of the Tzacualli phase made locally at Teotihuacán. Trade between the Chimalhuacan settlement at Cuicuilco and the Tzacualli town at Teotihuacán is thus indicated.
Settlement Pattern and Chinampa Agriculture at Tenochtitlan
Authors: Calnek Edward E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractArchival source materials and colonial period maps have been employed to reconstruct the settlement pattern characteristic of the chinampa districts of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan. The evidence includes detailed descriptions of a number of individual residential sites and chinampa holdings, which can be drawn to scale on street maps of the modern city. Genealogies and census data have been employed to determine the average size and social composition of typical urban households. Rough estimates of the economic value of urban chinampa holdings in relation to individual households, and to the urban population as a whole, indicate much higher levels of non-agricultural economic specialization, and a more complete dependence of the city on agrarian support areas outside the city than previously supposed.
Spatial Analysis: Multiple Procedures in Pattern Recognition Studies
Authors: Hietala Harold J. , Stevens Dominique E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe analysis of the spatial distributions of artifacts on archaeological floors has potential for the recognition and interpretation of cultural patterns represented by prehistoric remains. This study emphasizes the use of multiple procedures for the separate problems of pattern detection, estimation, and prediction. Aggregative and segregative definitions are proposed for three artifact class associational modes. Definitions are also proposed for general and special pattern prediction problems. An application to the Mousterian site of Rosh Ein Mor in Israel, shows that multiple procedures can be extremely advantageous in the interpretation of general complex patterns.
A Prehispanic Irrigation System near Santa Clara Xalostoc in the Basin of Mexico
Authors: Sanders William T. , Santley Robert S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA major theoretical issue in studies of the cultural ecology of Central Mexico has been the role of irrigation in the evolution of the state in that area. A major methodological problem has been the location and dating of prehistoric canal systems. A recent discovery near Xalostoc, of a stratified canal system (representing three distinct periods) in the exposed profiles of contemporary adobe extraction pits, offers an ideal situation for dating of prehistoric canals. All three are apparently Pre-Coyotlatelco in date and the settlement history suggests that some of them are contemporary with Teotihuacan.
Science in Archaeology: The Saints Go Marching In
Authors: Dumond Don E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe New Archaeology has been said to involve a new view of culture and a heightened appreciation of the way to do science. By way of examining these claims, a review is made of three well known studies in which archaeologists popularly assigned to that movement attempt to relate the distributions of archaeological materials to patterns of post-marital residence. One of the studies is found to be possibly successful, the others probably unsuccessful, and the conclusion is that no such relationship is demonstrated. Although the conceptual framework of the studies is impressive, at least two of them are found to suffer from an insufficiency of rigor in testing their hypotheses. It is suggested that the conceptual framework is not peculiar to the New Archaeology, and that the shortcomings in testing relate to a misapprehension of scientific method.
Late Anasazi Farming and Hunting Strategies: One Example of a Problem in Congruence
Authors: Cordell Linda S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractData derived from site survey and excavation in central New Mexico indicate that there is a lack of congruence, or agreement, between material recovered through excavation and expectations derived from environmental, ethnographic and site location information. It is argued that the lack of congruence should not be dismissed but may provide useful insights into past subsistence technology.
Edge Abrasion during Biface Manufacture
Authors: Sheets Payson D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNance intended to demonstrate that certain small, bifacially chipped obsidian artifacts from the California Late horizon were used for cutting purposes, and were therefore not projectile points. However, both categories of edge abrasion noted by Nance, attrition and striation, may also appear on the edges of bifacially flaked artifacts during the process of manufacture. The purpose of abrading a biface edge is to strengthen the edge preparatory to pressure or percussion flaking. Criteria to distinguish edge abrasion during manufacture from abrasion deriving from use are presented.
The Use of Water and Water Pumps in Archaeological Excavations
Authors: Sense Richard G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIf an archaeological site is situated near a dependable source of water, a water pump with attached hoses can be utilized to deliver water to screen excavated fill. Screening with water results in the recovery of more and a greater variety of artifacts and non-artifactual materials, and saves time and money. Gasoline-engine powered centrifugal pumps are recommended for most projects.
The Fishweirs at Atherley Narrows, Ontario
Authors: Johnston Richard B. , Cassavoy Kenneth A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA systematic underwater survey of the Atherley Narrows, in southern Ontario at the outlet of Lake Simcoe, has revealed the remains of numerous wooden stakes preserved in the bottom sediment. Some of these stakes are aligned in patterns across the channel and are believed to be the remains of fishweirs. Radiocarbon ages on stakes indicate that at least 2 of these structures date from the Late Archaic period.
A Test of Paleodemographic Models
Authors: Hall Roberta L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPaleodemography is a useful adjunct to archaeological reconstruction, but as a research tool it is relatively new and requires further study. This paper reports on a project in which the life-table method of modeling demographic processes, based on a sexed and aged sample from the community ossuary, was tested against census records of the population structure. Data were taken from cemetery headstones in a township in central Indiana, spanning the period from its first settlement by Euroamerican farmers in 1830 through 1972. Life-expectancy estimates produced from the life tables were essentially identical to those produced from federal census data. Paleodemographic models of population structure were statistically different from census tabulations but were similar in form, representing a "smoothed" estimate of age structure.
The Pillage of Prehistory
Authors: Sheets Payson D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe pillaging of archaeological sites throughout the world for salable items is increasing at an alarming rate. Recent information on looting in Mesoamerica, North America, and the Mediterranean area is summarized, and the weaknesses of the UNESCO and U.S.-Mexico treaties are outlined. Also described is a new and extremely destructive form of looting in Mesoamerica. It involves amassing many thousands of dollars from private investors for a project to decimate a chosen site, using explosives and power equipment, and then subdividing the loot among the sponsors. It is time for the SAA to act to stop the wanton destruction of the prehistoric record.
L'Alliance Cathartique
Authors: Griaule M. 
Published: April 2006

Opening ParagraphOn a donné le nom de ‘parenté a plaisanterie’ à des institutions et manifestations diverses qui ne sont peut-être pas de même nature ou dont la nature commune, en tous cas, n'a pas été saisie. On s'est fié à l'apparence. Ou plutôt on à donné de l'importance à un facteur apparent, la plaisanterie injurieuse, qui se retrouve dans des occasions nombreuses et sans rapports les unes avec les autres. La parole, qu'elle soit injurieuse ou flatteuse, bénéfique ou maléfique, est certes avant tout porteuse de force vitale; elle a dans toutes ses applications la qualité constante d'être le verbe. Elle permet ainsi les emplois les plus différents qui, pour autant, ne sont pas obligatoirement classables dans la même série. En tous cas retenir l'aspect ‘plaisanterie’ de plusieurs phénomènes risque de lier les choses les plus hétéroclites. Une cloche sonne le glas et les mariages. II ne viendrait à l'idée de personne de prétendre que les funérailles et les noces se rencontrent dans une série dite ‘cérémonies à cloches‘.
Rain-Shrines of the Plateau Tonga of Northern Rhodesia
Authors: Colson E. 
Published: April 2006

Opening ParagraphThis is a preliminary report on the social and political significance of the rainshrines as an integrating force in Tonga society. In a sense it is a misnomer to refer to them as rain-shrines, for they are also appealed to on any occasion of general community disaster, such as epidemics or cattle plagues, but to the Tonga themselves the dominant aspect of the shrines is their efficacy in ensuring the proper rainfall.
Witchcraft and Colonial Legislation
Authors: Roberts C. Clifton 
Published: April 2006

Opening ParagraphThe object of this paper is to provide an answer to two questions:(i) Is the colonial legislation on witchcraft (with special reference to Kenya Colony) satisfactory? and(ii) If any alteration is desirable, what form should this take, and why?The Kenya Colony Witchcraft Ordinance No. 23/1925 imposes the penalty of imprisonment for periods up to 10 years for various offences and fines up to 1,000 s. with or without imprisonment (Secs. 2-8). Deportation (Sec.9) can be ordered by a District Commissioner. Under Section 11 the liability to the death penalty where murder has been committed by witchcraft is unimpaired.
Severe Intraocular Inflammation Following Intravitreal Faricimab
Authors: Thangamathesvaran Loka , Kong Jun , Bressler Susan B. , Singh Mandeep , Wenick Adam S. , Scott Adrienne W. , Arévalo J. Fernando , Bressler Neil M. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceMonitoring for and reporting potential cases of intraocular inflammation (IOI) in clinical practice despite limited occurrences in clinical trials, including experiences with relatively new intravitreal agents, such as brolucizumab, pegcetacoplan, or faricimab, helps balance potential benefits and risks of these agents.ObjectiveTo provide descriptions of 3 initially culture-negative cases of acute, severe, posterior-segment IOI events occurring within the same month following intravitreal faricimab injections at a single institution.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this case series, 3 patients manifesting acute, severe IOI following intravitreal injection of faricimab were identified between September 20, 2023, and October 20, 2023.ExposureFaricimab, 6 mg (0.05 mL of 120 mg/mL solution), for neovascular age-related macular degeneration among patients previously treated with aflibercept; 1 patient also had prior exposure to bevacizumab.Main Outcomes and MeasuresVisual acuity, vitreous taps for bacterial or fungal cultures, and retinal imaging.ResultsAll 3 patients received intravitreal faricimab injections between September 20 and October 20, 2023, from 2 different lot numbers (expiration dates, July 2025) at 3 locations of 1 institution among 3 of 19 retina physicians. Visual acuities with correction were 20/63 OS for patient 1, 20/40 OD for patient 2, and 20/20 OS for patient 3 prior to injection. All 3 patients developed acute, severe inflammation involving the anterior and posterior segment within 3 to 4 days after injection, with visual acuities of hand motion OS, counting fingers OD, and hand motion OS, respectively. Two patients were continuing faricimab treatment while 1 patient was initiating faricimab treatment. All received intravitreal ceftazidime, 2.2 mg/0.1 mL, and vancomycin, 1 mg/0.1 mL, immediately following vitreous taps. All vitreous tap culture results were negative. One patient underwent vitrectomy 1 day following presentation. Intraoperative vitreous culture grew 1 colony of Staphylococcus epidermidis, judged a likely contaminant by infectious disease specialists. All symptoms resolved within 1 month; visual acuities with correction were 20/100 OS for patient 1, 20/50 OD for patient 2, and 20/30 OS for patient 3.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case series, 3 patients with acute, severe IOI within 1 month at 3 different locations among 3 ophthalmologists of 1 institution following intravitreal faricimab could represent some unknown storage or handling problem. However, this cluster suggests the continued need for vigilance to detect and report such cases following regulatory approval.
Prognostic Factors for Survival Using a Clinical Severity Staging System Among Patients With Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis
Authors: Munyemana Marie-Ange , Kallogjeri Dorina , Chernock Rebecca , Farrell Nyssa F. , Schneider John S. , Piccirillo Jay F. , Roland Lauren T. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceDespite the aggressive progression of fulminant acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS), data on prognostic factors have been disparate, hindering the development of a staging system. A composite staging system may improve prognostication for patient counseling and conduct of clinical research.ObjectiveTo identify prognostically important factors in AIFS and to incorporate the factors into a comprehensive Functional Severity Staging System and Clinical Severity Staging System.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included adult patients diagnosed with pathology-proven AIFS from June 1, 1992, to December 31, 2022, at Washington University Medical Center and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a tertiary care center in St Louis, Missouri. Data were analyzed from April to July 2023.Main Outcome and MeasuresSequential sequestration and conjunctive consolidation was used to develop a composite staging system to predict 6-month overall survival.ResultsOf 71 patients with pathology-proven AIFS over the 30-year period, the median (range) age of the cohort was 56 (19-63) years, and there were 47 (66%) male patients. The median (range) follow-up time was 2 (0-251) months. There were 28 patients alive within 6 months, for a 39% survival rate. Symptoms, comorbidity burden, and presence and duration of severe neutropenia were associated with 6-month survival and were consolidated into a 3-category Clinical Severity Staging System with 6-month survival of 75% for stage A (n = 16), 41% for stage B (n = 27), and 18% for stage C (n = 28). The discriminative power of the composite staging system was moderate (C statistic, 0.63).Conclusion and RelevanceThis cohort study supports the clinical importance of symptomatology, comorbidity burden, and prolonged severe neutropenia at the time of AIFS presentation. The composite clinical staging system may be useful for clinicians when counseling patients with AIFS and conducting clinical research.
Environment‐Tolerant Conductive Eutectogels for Multifunctional Sensing
Authors: Guo Bingyan , Yao Mengmeng , Chen Shuang , Yu Qingyu , Liang Lei , Yu Chaojie , Liu Min , Hao Huizhong , Zhang Hong , Yao Fanglian , Li Junjie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConductive hydrogels have shown significant potential in the realm of flexible electronics; however, using water as a solvent introduces problems such as low‐temperature freezing and water loss. One possible solution to address these limitations is replacing water with deep eutectic solvents (DES). In this study, the PHEAA–gelatin–MXene (PGM) eutectogels are constructed with poly(N‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEAA) and gelatin as the main components, and MXene nanosheets are added as nanofillers. The PGM eutectogels exhibit exceptional tensile and compressive mechanical properties, including remarkable stretchability (940%), high strength (0.5 MPa), high toughness (1.39 MJ m−3), and impressive compressive strength (0.3 MPa at 80% strain). Additionally, the PGM eutectogels demonstrate excellent adhesion, anti‐freezing, and long‐term anti‐drying abilities. Moreover, the PGM eutectogels multifunctional sensors allow high sensitivity, which enables accurate real‐time and stable monitoring of human activities over a wide temperature range. Consequently, the PGM eutectogels hold great potential as candidates in fields such as flexible wearable devices, personal healthcare, and human–machine interfaces.