bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analytical form of the pore-emanating crack model in 3-D with implications for the uniaxial compressive strength of sandstone
Authors: Wadsworth Fabian B , Vasseur Jérémie , Heap Michael J 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The uniaxial compressive strength ${\sigma _c}$ of rocks is a key material property in a wide range of applications. Models for ${\sigma _c}$ typically either require numerical solutions, restricting their wide utility, or are empirical and therefore confined to a specific case. Here, we study the theoretical pore-emanated crack model and provide an analytical emulator function that matches the 2-D and 3-D solutions to a high degree of accuracy over all porosities, $\phi $. A key input to both the full solution and to our emulator functions is the pore radius, assumed in the model to be circular or spherical, in a porous rock. In most porous lithologies, including sandstone, the notion of a pore radius is poorly defined since they are built from compacted or lithified grains. And so here we explore statistical methods to find a characteristic pore length scale, ${l_2}$, from an initial particle radius; this method is provided as an easy-to-use supplementary tool. We advocate for the use of our 3-D function ${\sigma _c} \approx 1.57{K_{{\bf{Ic}}}}/( {{\phi ^{0.43}}\sqrt {\pi {l_2}} } )$, where ${K_{{\bf{Ic}}}}$ is the fracture toughness of the solid matrix. A compilation of ${K_{{\bf{Ic}}}}$ values for minerals and rocks allows us to explore the effect of this parameter and to make recommendations for appropriate values in the model. We compare our simple emulator function for ${\sigma _c}$ with existing data sets across a wide range of sandstones to demonstrate the utility of this law for applied cases. We find that our function performs particularly well for relatively low porosity sandstones ($\phi \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel&lt;\over {\smash{\scriptstyle\sim}\vphantom{_x}}$}} 0.15$) representative of mature basin systems from a diagenetic point of view; we discuss alternative models that are more appropriate for higher porosity sandstones.
Comparison of the functional properties between tapioca resistant maltodextrin and commercial prebiotics
Authors: Namkieat Pichamon , Borompichaichartkul Chaleeda , Phumsombat Putthapong , Ayuni Dwi , Sapwarobol Suwimol 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examined the prebiotic potential of tapioca resistant maltodextrin (TRM), a novel non-viscous, soluble resistant starch, and compared it to commercial prebiotics (inulin, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and konjac glucomannan hydrolysate (KGMH). This is the first study to reveal the prebiotic activity of TRM compared to commercial prebiotics. The prebiotic activity score (PAS) was used to measure a prebiotic’s ability to promote probiotic growth and inhibit pathogens. Probiotic strains, including Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1®, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG®, Lactobacillus salivarius B37, Lactobacillus paracasei 431®, Bifidobacterium longum UABI-14, and Bifidobacterium breve M16V, along with the pathogen Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, were cultured in media supplemented with 1% inulin, FOS, KGMH, TRM, or glucose. Cultures were incubated at 37 °C for 72 hours, with bacterial counts and pH levels measured at baseline and after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Viable cell counts after simulated gastrointestinal digestion were also assessed. Our results showed that TRM had the highest PAS for L. rhamnosus LGG® at 24 and 72 hours and L. salivarius B37 at 48 h. Bifidobacterium strains showed no significant differences in PAS between TRM and other prebiotics. TRM demonstrated high viability for L. salivarius B37 and L. paracasei 431® after digestion, suggesting its potential use as a prebiotic.
Development of chickpea beverages through enzymatic treatments: from rapid visco analyzer to pilot plant production
Authors: Ruiz-Zambrano Nidia Leticia , Gasparre Nicola , Pérez-Carrillo Esther , Rosell Cristina M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plant-based beverage production generally involves enzymatic treatments to overcome technological challenges. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the potential use of the Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) to simulate pilot plant (PP) conditions and determine the enzyme(s) and enzyme-concentrations to be used in PP for beverage production using chickpea flour. α-Amylase-TA, maltogenase-MA and amyloglucosidase-AMG were tested individually and in combination at three concentrations. Chickpea suspensions with 3% protein, equivalent to milk contribution, were produced at laboratory scale in RVA while simulating PP. Highest viscosity reductions was obtained with the highest enzymatic activity (TA.3 = 1.21 CU/g flour; MA.3 = 0.15 CU/g flour; AMG.3 = 0.69 mg of glucose released/g flour). TA was the most effective in reducing final viscosity and increasing free sugars, particularly combined with TA + MA + AMG. RVA findings were validated in PP-production using TA.3 + MA.3 + AMG.3. Viscosity decreased from 50,697 ± 8,907 cP observed in the control to 4,505 ± 171 cP when using TA.3 + MA.3 + AMG.3. Due to homogenization, the whiteness index was higher for PP beverages (67–71) than for RVA suspensions (65–67). This study demonstrates the potential of using RVA as a tool to optimize enzyme concentrations for chickpea beverage production and the successful scale-up of the process to PP-level.
Effect of prenatal alcohol consumption on maternal anemia among pregnant women in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Addila Alemu Earsido , Azale Telake , Yitayal Mezgebu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to multiple health, social and behavioral problems for both the mother and the offspring. Anemia is one of the major public health concerns and causes of morbidity and mortality among pregnant women with poor maternal and fetal outcomes in developing countries. This study aimed to identify the link between prenatal alcohol consumption and anemia among pregnant women in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 1669 pregnant women who were booked in for antenatal care in Gondar town. We used a two-stage random sampling technique to recruit and include study participants in the cohort. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was performed to examine the association between reported prenatal alcohol exposure (non-hazardous and hazardous) and anemia in pregnancy using log-binomial regression modeling. The burden of anemia in pregnancy was reported using the adjusted risk ratio (ARR) and population-attributable risk.

Results
The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy was 14.86% (95% CI 13.23 to 16.65%). Hazardous alcohol consumption during pregnancy was significantly associated with anemia in pregnancy (ARR=2.24; 95% CI 1.60, 3.15). The adjusted population-attributable risk of anemia in pregnancy related to hazardous alcohol consumption during pregnancy was 7.68%.

Conclusions
This study revealed that anemia during pregnancy continues to be a public health concern. Regardless of timing, there is a clear association between prenatal alcohol consumption and anemia during pregnancy that suggests a need for targeted prenatal alcohol use screening, and ongoing intervention for alcoholic pregnant women.
Distinct phytoplankton size classes respond differently to biotic and abiotic factors
Authors: Eyring Stefanie , Merz Ewa , Reyes Marta , Ntetsika Pinelopi , Dennis Stuart R , Isles Peter D F , Kyathanahally Sreenath , Baity-Jesi Marco , To Sze-Wing , Merico Agostino , Pomati Francesco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The interplay between abiotic (resource supply, temperature) and biotic (grazing) factors determines growth and loss processes in phytoplankton through resource competition and trophic interactions, which are mediated by morphological traits like size. Here, we study the relative importance of grazers, water physics, and chemistry on the daily net accumulation rates (ARs) of individual phytoplankton from natural communities, grouped into six size classes from circa 10 to 500 μm. Using a Random Forest modelling approach and 4 years of daily data from a lake, we find that water temperature is generally a pivotal control of all phytoplankton ARs. At the same time, nutrients and light are important for the smallest and the largest classes. Mesozooplankton abundance is a key predictor of the AR for small phytoplankton, with microzooplankton being important for the middle-size range. In our data, large and small phytoplankton have different (seasonal) blooming patterns: small forms are favoured by low temperature and grazing, and high phosphorus levels. Larger forms show positive ARs at high temperatures and low phosphorus (being relatively insensitive to zooplankton grazing). These results help us understand the opportunities and limitations of using size to explain and model phytoplankton responses to biotic and abiotic environmental change.
Effect of Luteolin on cadmium-inhibited bone growth via suppressing osteoclastogenesis in laying chickens
Authors: Tong Xishuai , Fu Xiaohui , Gong Anqing , Yu Gengsheng , Chen Naineng , Chen Bing , Gu Jianhong , Liu Zongping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Luteolin (Lut) is a flavonoid derived from several plant sources. Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental contaminant and potential toxin with detrimental effects on animal health. However, the effect of Lut on Cd-induced inhibition of bone growth in laying chickens remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of Lut on Cd-induced inhibition of bone growth in the femur and tibia of laying chickens. A total of sixty 1-day-old green-eggshell yellow feather laying chickens were randomly assigned to four groups after a 5-day of acclimation period: basal diet (Con), cadmium chloride (CdCl2, Cd), Lut, and Lut + Cd. Bone microstructure, serum biomarkers of bone remodeling, the levels of Cd, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and trace metal elements were assessed using the micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and microwave digestion, respectively. Bone remodeling biomarkers, late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and MAPK and mTOR activator 1 (LAMTOR1), as well as the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and protein kinase B (Akt), were quantified using the qRT-PCR and western blot. The results indicated that Lut effectively mitigated Cd-induced bone mass loss compared to the Cd group, resulting in increased bone volume (BV), bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV), connectivity density (Conn.Dn), and the length and weight of the femur and tibia in laying chickens. Mechanistically, compared to Cd group, Lut restored the ratio of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in serum and bone tissue, enhanced the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN), and Osterix (OSX), while reducing the levels of Ca, Cd, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, as well as the expression of osteopontin (OPN), c-Fos, osteoclast stimulatory-transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K (CTSK), matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9), LAMTOR1, and the phosphorylation of AMPKα and Akt. Therefore, Lut alleviates Cd-induced damage to the femur and tibia of chickens by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, positioning Lut as a potential therapeutic plant extract for enhancing bone growth in laying chickens.
Acute enhanced liquid aspirin administration improves performance and intestinal function in nursery pigs
Authors: Pearce Sarah C , Kerr Brian J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug which has been a widely used analgesic for pain relief as well as an anti-inflammatory medication. However, it also causes negative effects to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including GI bleeding, peptic ulcers, and can also impact the small intestine. Enhanced liquid aspirin (ELA) contains a combination of a salicylate compound, glycerin, triacetate, and saccharin which is more stable than aspirin alone and may reduce negative effects on the GI tract, while still exerting positive effects on inflammatory processes. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate oral ELA on healthy weaning pigs. 8 pigs per treatment were gavaged daily for 5 d with either saline controls (CON) or 2 mg/kg body weight ELA. After the 5-d dosing period, pigs were weighed and then euthanized for intestinal sample collection. ELA-administered pigs gained significantly more body weight relative to initial body weights compared to CON pigs (8% vs. 13.7%; P&lt;0.05). Additionally, there was tendency for an increase of 24% in villus height in ELA pigs compared to CON (P = 0.06) and significant increases in relative protein expression of Claudins (CLDN) 3 and 7 (P&lt;0.05). Finally, several genes were altered in ELA-fed pigs compared to CON including stem cell markers and immune markers. All in all, this data showed that ELA was well tolerated in a pig model, showed a preliminary improvement in body weight, and had no observable negative impacts.
Sketch-based Modeling with Perception-aware Extraction and Intention-aware Snapping of Contours
Authors: Jin Yinghan , Huang Hao , Li Jituo , Guo Liuqia , Zheng Yifan , Zhang Dongliang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Using 2D sketches as input is an intuitive way to create 3D models. However, accurately sketching freeform strokes by hand from a reference drawing can be time-consuming and repetitive. This paper addresses this issue by proposing an efficient sketch modeling method based on structural part extracting and intention-aware snapping of an input drawing. Based on drawing contours, perceptually completed parts are decomposed after completing occlusions, then the boundaries of parts are used as construction curves to inflate 3D shapes. Moreover, user-drawn strokes can be seamlessly snapped onto drawing contours while preserving the user’s intention, allowing users to create shapes with different semantics. This approach enables users to easily obtain desired and accurate construction curves without the need for careful contour alignment. To achieve irregular shape design, 3D shapes can be further deformed by a contour deformation method from different viewpoints. We evaluate the method on several drawings and demonstrate our method effectively facilitates the creation of desired 3D models from a guide drawing.
Comprehensive seismic physical modeling study for carbonate reservoirs in Tarim area
Authors: Wei Li , Ju Linbo , Wei Jianxin , Ding Pinbo , Di Bangrang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim area are characterized by diverse types, complex geological structures, and overlapping layers. As a result, capturing the seismic response characteristics in local areas is challenging, hindering defined analysis, model construction, and reservoir prediction owing to multiple influencing factors. Seismic forward physics is effective in characterizing specific wave fields. Seismic physical modeling technology allows for the modeling and analysis of the seismic response characteristics in carbonate reservoirs. In response to the challenges in the Tarim area, we designed a multi-type of comprehensive physical model that included dolomite/limestone of various strata from the Yijianfang Formation to the Cambrian and six types of reservoirs. The model formation, diverse reservoirs, and their distribution patterns were designed in the laboratory according to field seismic data. We analyzed and developed 11 suitable materials for modeling and their combinations based on the physical measurement results of rock cores. The ‘embedding method’ and ‘overlapping pouring’ improved the model development and construction. 3D seismic acquisition was conducted, and high-quality seismic data were obtained from building a model aligning with the field observation system. By analyzing the 3D post-stack profile, the response characteristics of various strata were relatively recognizable, and the response characteristics of reservoirs were more evident. We can use the high-quality, reliable 3D model seismic data and physical model to compare and analyze the seismic response characteristics of multiple carbonate reservoir types. This method greatly enhances the performance of seismic physical modeling of complex carbonate reservoirs, facilitating its application for evaluating diverse lithofacies and reservoirs commonly found in carbonate formations.
Robust reconstruction of non-uniformly sampled 3D seismic data with outliers
Authors: Dong Lieqian , Zhang Mugang , Xu Yingjie , Wang Changhui , Yu Siwei , Zhang Yingming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Compressive sensing (CS) acquisition utilizes non-uniform sampling along spatial directions, allowing for the reconstruction of seismic data without satisfying the requirements of Nyquist sampling theory. However, the reconstruction of CS data may fail in case of measurement outliers. Moreover, realistic environmental conditions often alter the sampling geometry, resulting in both missing samples and non-uniform samples relative to the designed grid. To reconstruct non-uniformly sampled data with outlier noise, we propose a reconstruction model that incorporates an interpolation operator and a robust measurement term within the data misfit. The robust measurement term utilizes the Huber norm to align the reconstructed data and sampled data with outliers, thereby enhancing robustness to realistic noise. The interpolation operator maps data from a uniform grid to a non-uniform grid using a barycentric Lagrangian interpolator. We apply the robust projection onto convex sets (RPOCS) algorithm to solve this optimization problem. Numerical tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Superior reconstruction results are achieved compared to methods that do not incorporate robust measurements or consider true coordinates.
Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans-derived novel ulvan lyase of polysaccharide lyase family 40: Potential application of ulvan and partially hydrolyzed products in cosmetic industry
Authors: Gajanayaka Navindu Dinara , Jo Eunyoung , Bandara Minthari Sakethanika , Marasinghe Svini Dileepa , Hettiarachchi Sachithra Amarin , Wijewickrama Sithumini , Park Gun-Hoo , Oh Chulhong , Lee Youngdeuk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Ulvan is a complex sulfated polysaccharide in the cell walls of green algae with extensive applications in food, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries, prompting extensive studies on ulvan, its oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, and cost-effective depolymerization methods. Our primary objectives were to investigate novel ulvan-utilizing marine bacteria, perform recombinant engineering of genes responsible for ulvan depolymerization, and determine their potential industrial applications. Samples were collected from Jeju Island, which is a South Korean region with significant excessive green algal growth, especially that of Ulva species. The marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans efficiently uses ulvan as its primary carbon source, indicating its potential for ulvan degradation. Through whole-genome sequencing the paul40 gene, which is a polysaccharide lyase family 40 (PL40) member, was identified and subsequently engineered into the pET-16b vector for expression as a His-tagged 95 kDa fusion protein. The ulvan depolymerization process was evaluated and confirmed using various analytical techniques including dinitrosalicylic acid assay, thin-layer chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography. Optimal enzyme activity occurred at 35°C, pH 8.0 in phosphate buffer, and 2.5 mM of NaCl. Furthermore, enzyme characterization and specific activity measurements were performed. This study is the first to report hyaluronidase and elastase inhibition by ulvan and its derivatives along with the characterization of an ulvan lyase enzyme from the PL40 family.

One-Sentence Summary
This study reports the identification and recombinant expression of a novel ulvan-degrading enzyme from Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans, demonstrating its potential for cosmetic industrial applications by revealing ulvan’s and partially hydrolyzed ulvan’s hyaluronidase and elastase inhibition properties.
The use of large language models to enhance cancer clinical trial educational materials
Authors: Gao Mingye , Varshney Aman , Chen Shan , Goddla Vikram , Gallifant Jack , Doyle Patrick , Novack Claire , Dillon-Martin Maeve , Perkins Teresia , Correia Xinrong , Duhaime Erik , Isenstein Howard , Sharon Elad , Lehmann Lisa Soleymani , Kozono David , Anthony Brian , Dligach Dmitriy , Bitterman Danielle S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Adequate patient awareness and understanding of cancer clinical trials is essential for trial recruitment, informed decision-making, and protocol adherence. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise for patient education, their role in enhancing patient awareness of clinical trials remains unexplored. This study explored the performance and risks of LLMs in generating trial-specific educational content for potential participants.

Methods
GPT4 was prompted to generate short clinical trial summaries and multiple-choice question-answer pairs from informed consent forms (ICFs) from ClinicalTrials.gov. Zero-shot learning was used for summaries, using a direct summarization, sequential extraction, and summarization approach. One-shot learning was used for question-answer pairs development. We evaluated performance through patient surveys of summary effectiveness and crowdsourced annotation of question-answer pair accuracy, using held-out cancer trial ICFs not used in prompt development.

Results
For summaries, both prompting approaches achieved comparable results for readability and core content. Patients found summaries to be understandable, and to improve clinical trial comprehension and interest in learning more about trials. The generated multiple-choice questions achieved high accuracy and agreement with crowdsourced annotators. For both summaries and multiple-choice questions, GPT4 was most likely to include inaccurate information when prompted to provide information that was not adequately described in the ICFs.

Conclusions
LLMs such as GPT4 show promise in generating patient-friendly educational content for clinical trials with minimal trial-specific engineering. The findings serve as a proof-of-concept for the role of LLMs in improving patient education and engagement in clinical trials, as well as the need for ongoing human oversight.