bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of long straight‐chain alkane substituted ferrocene with ultra‐robust oil solubility as multifunctional organometallic additive
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Niu Qingxia , Xu Yao , Chen Jian , Zhai Congcong , Azhar Umair , Lu Yi , Li Hui , Zong Chuanyong 
Published: April 2024

Tailoring of organometallics structure toward desirable properties continues to be both fascinating and challenging in the field of materials science. Herein, a novel ferrocene derivative with long straight‐chain alkane mono‐substituent is synthesized and used as multifunctional organometallic additive in the base oil. This ferrocene‐based organometallic compound (MFc) is synthesized via the Friedel‐Crafts acylation of ferrocene with myristyl chloride, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride. The chemical structure, crystallizability, surface morphology, and the thermal properties of the as‐synthesized compound are systematically characterized. As the iron‐containing standard substance, the MFc was preferable dissolve in lubricating oil with the iron element content as high as 2*105 ppm. Resultantly, the MFc/oil solutions exhibited excellent stability even after high‐speed centrifugal treatment, long‐term storage up to 3 months, and ultra‐low temperature treatment at −40°C for 24 h. Moreover, the MFc as a functional lubricant additive could reduce the average wear scar diameter, wear volume, and coefficient of friction with 40%, 73%, and 18%, respectively, as compared to the corresponding pure base oil. This synthetic strategy provides a novel perspective for the design of functional organometallics, and the as‐synthesized novel ferrocene derivative may find a wide range of advanced potential applications in analytical chemistry, tribology, and interfacial science.
Synthesis of MD‐1‐2 co‐sensitizers for 10.35% efficient acid–base pairing with N3 in DSSCs
Authors: Hossan Aisha 
Published: April 2024

This work presents a comprehensive investigation of novel organic dyes MD‐1‐2 as active acid and base co‐sensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), using well‐known Ru(II)‐based N3 dyes. These co‐sensitizers contain a triphenylamine ring as a donor scaffold linked with an electron‐withdrawing cyanopyridyl and cyano benzoic acid acceptor for MD‐1‐2. In this study, we demonstrated the significant impact of base dyes with pyridine anchoring units on the photovoltaic parameters of N3‐sensitized devices. This methodology takes advantage of the ability of carboxyl and pyridyl moieties to interact with the Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites on TiO2 surfaces, respectively. By reducing competition between dyes for surface binding, dye packing density on the TiO2 is enhanced while electron recombination is minimized, leading to higher photovoltage. Furthermore, the influence of varying sensitizer/co‐sensitizer ratios was comprehensively studied. Outcomes showed devices made using co‐sensitizer MD‐1‐2 with sensitizer N3 at all relative concentrations surpassed those with only N3. Importantly, the co‐sensitized devices that were made utilizing 0.3 mM acid–base MD‐1 and N3 sensitizer had the greatest solar energy capacity. It had a power conversion efficiency of 10.35%, a short‐circuit current density of 20.01 mA·cm−2, and an open‐circuit voltage of 752 mV. The results provide fresh insight into optimizing devices to create DSSCs with improved efficiency by choosing acceptable co‐sensitizers at suitable concentrations.
How astrocytic chloride modulates brain states
Authors: Untiet Verena , Verkhratsky Alexei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe way the central nervous system (CNS) responds to diverse stimuli is contingent upon the specific brain state of the individual, including sleep and wakefulness. Despite the wealth of readout parameters and data delineating the brain states, the primary mechanisms are yet to be identified. Here we highlight the role of astrocytes, with a specific emphasis on chloride (Cl−) homeostasis as a modulator of brain states. Neuronal activity is regulated by the concentration of ions that determine excitability. Astrocytes, as the CNS homeostatic cells, are recognised for their proficiency in maintaining dynamic homeostasis of ions, known as ionostasis. Nevertheless, the contribution of astrocyte‐driven ionostasis to the genesis of brain states or their response to sleep‐inducing pharmacological agents has been overlooked. Our objective is to underscore the significance of astrocytic Cl− homeostasis, elucidating how it may underlie the modulation of brain states. We endeavour to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between astrocytes and brain states.
Comminution of Metal–Polymer Composites for Recycling
Authors: Boekhoff Sandra , Zetzener Harald , Kwade Arno 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungTo increase the recycling rate of components used in electric vehicles, metal–polymer composites are to be separated. As a basis, samples of polymers are ground in a hammer mill to analyze the influence of various pretreatments. The resulting particle size distributions are related to the mechanical properties of the polymers. The results can be used for a comminution of a metal–polymer composite from an electric vehicle's battery housing and show that lower temperatures perform the best for individual materials and composites. The complexity of the components and the type of joining also influence the comminution success of composite components, as a separation of the materials is easier with low complexity and force closure.
An integrated design for improving spectral efficiency of FSO communication system in 6G applications
Authors: Sathish Kuppani , Mahalingam Hemalatha , Padmaja Kadiri , Makala Ramesh , Krishnaiah N. Rama 
Published: April 2024

SummaryIn the case of future access networks, such as 6G‐based applications, the free‐space optical communication (FSO) technology is an efficient solution. FSO in 6G is extremely popular because of its unique properties, which include ease of installation, high bandwidth, high security, license‐free long range, and interference resistance. However, environmental disturbances have a negative impact on the FSO system's functioning. Because of these atmospheric turbulences, the optical information gets restricted, which in turn reduces the link reliability, power density, and distance. This paper proposes a hybrid FSO strategy for improving system efficiency to address these problems. Signal creation is fundamental to every successful communication system. The FSO system consists of three components: the transmitter, the channel medium, and the receiver. The transmitter section includes a continuous wave laser, a Mach–Zehnder modulator, a nonreturn to zero transpose Walsh code generator, and a nonreturn to zero pulse generator. Wavelength division multiplexing‐optical code division multiple access‐spectrum slicing (WDM‐OCDMA‐SS) is used to facilitate efficient data transfer after signals have been generated by alternate mark inversion (AMI). In order to boost a weak signal, fused Raman erbium amplifiers (Fuse‐RE) are used. Q factor and log bit error rate (BER) are used to assess the performance of the suggested approach. The proposed model has obtained a log BER of −15.3291 for clear air and a Q factor of 8.2922, whereas the performances are implemented using Python. The proposed approach achieves better performance when compared to the existing methodologies.
Corrosion behavior and surface structure analysis of pure aluminum immersed in fluoride‐sulfate solutions simulating polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell‐produced water
Authors: Alam Md. Ashraful , Jahan Aklima , Suzuki Eiichi , Yashiro Hitoshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBipolar plates are the key component in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which ensure the low cost of the fuel cell stack and furnish some of the important applications such as distributing the reactant gases, conducting the electrons, and removing the waste heat in PEMFCs. Thus, metallic bipolar plates (BPs), such as aluminum (Al), have attracted immense consideration and afford better performance in different machine‐driven applications and mass manufacturing opportunities. In order to increase the corrosion resistance of Al BPs, several methods are used and conducted by scientists. The corrosion behavior and surface structure analysis of pure Al were studied through the immersion process in fluoride‐sulfate solutions, assuming its use as BPs in PEMFC‐produced water. The open cell voltage, interfacial contact resistance, and polarization tests and the fuel cell operations were performed to evaluate cell voltage, current density, corrosion resistance, and the effect of fluoride and sulfate ions on the BPs in PEMFC. The hydrophobicity character of the surface of Al BPs was observed by the measurement of the wettability test. The atomic force microscopy images were taken to study the surface roughness, which was correlated with the corrosion rates of Al BPs. In addition, the amount of corrosion was calculated after 24–120 h of immersion in fluoride‐sulfate solutions. The scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy data were analyzed to investigate the surface structure, morphology, and elemental analyses. Thus, the results found in this study revealed that Al‐based materials can be suitable for BPs in PEMFCs. Furthermore, it is noticed that the amount of corrosion was influenced by the presence of even a very small amount of fluoride ions present in the PEMFC environment, while it was suppressed efficiently by sulfate ions.
The level of knowledge of medical and dental students regarding prophylaxis for infective endocarditis
Authors: Karaçam Kübra , Erdem Rahime Zeynep 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesInfective endocarditis is a rarely seen disease, but has a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is extremely important that the guidelines are followed correctly. The main aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the level of knowledge and attitude of infective endocarditis of fourth‐ and fifth‐year dentistry students in clinical residency and fifth‐ and sixth‐year medical students.MethodsA 42‐item questionnaire evaluating the type and dosage of antibiotics administered as infective endocarditis prophylaxis in medical conditions and dentistry procedures was delivered online to the study participants. The data obtained were examined using descriptive statistics and analyzed with the chi‐square test.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by a total of 332 participants. The statistical analyses showed a good level of knowledge in 55% of the dentistry faculty students and in 43.5% of the medical faculty students.ConclusionsWhen considering that dental and medical faculty students are not expected to receive additional training on antimicrobial management after graduation, the findings of this study have raised significant attitude for the improvement of our education system in this field.
Injection network drivers of HIV prevention service utilization among people who inject drugs: results of a community‐based sociometric network cohort in New Delhi, India
Authors: Prata Menezes Neia S. , Mehta Shruti H. , Wesolowski Amy , Clipman Steven J. , Srikrishnan Aylur K. , Kumar Muniratnam S. , Zook Katie J. C. , Lucas Gregory M. , Latkin Carl , Solomon Sunil S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionInjection drug networks may influence their network members’ health‐seeking behaviours. Using data from a sociometric injecting partner network of people who inject drugs (PWID) in New Delhi, India, we assessed the role of injecting partner (alter) behaviours on individual engagement in HIV prevention services.MethodsWe enumerated injecting partner linkages among 2512 PWID using coupon referrals and biometric data from November 2017 to March 2020. Participants completed interviewer‐administered questionnaires and provided information on injection behaviours, injecting partners, HIV/hepatitis C (HCV) testing and service engagement. Multilevel multiple‐membership models (MMMM) evaluated individual PWID HIV testing, medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and syringe service engagement as a function of alter attributes, accounting for membership across multiple ego‐networks. Logistic regression models assessed parallel associations among socially proximal injecting peers, defined as PWID ≤3 path length from ego.ResultsMedian age was 26 years; 99% were male. PWID had median 2 injecting partners and 8 socially proximal peers; 14% reported HIV testing, 33% accessed MOUD and 13% used syringe services 6 months prior. In MMMM analyses, PWID with ≥1 versus 0 injecting partners who received HIV testing were significantly more likely to report HIV testing (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68–3.16), MOUD (aOR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.60–2.53) and syringe service use (aOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.21–2.39). We observed similar findings for individual MOUD and syringe service use. Having ≥1 versus 0 HIV‐positive partners was associated with decreased HIV testing and MOUD but increased syringe service use (aOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.09–2.17). PWID with ≥1 versus 0 socially proximal peers who used non‐sterile injection equipment reported increased HIV testing (aOR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.01–1.92), MOUD (aOR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.10–1.77) and syringe service use (aOR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.23–2.68).ConclusionsWe found differential associative relationships between individual HIV prevention service engagement and the health or risk behaviours of direct and indirect alters. Characterizing network exposure beyond direct injecting partnerships provided important context on possible mechanisms of behavioural influence. Findings could be leveraged to design peer‐based interventions that promote network diffusion of health‐seeking behaviours.
Treatment Outcomes of Cesarean Scar Pregnancy Under a Novel Classification System
Authors: Yung Kar Kei , Lee Loreta Lai Loi , Choy Kwong Wai , Cheung Eva Chun Wai , Chan Symphorosa Shing Chee , Cheung Rachel Yau Kar 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo determine whether the new classification system published by Jordans et al for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) can guide management and treatment outcomes.MethodsA retrospective study of women diagnosed with CSP from October 2010 to December 2022 in a single tertiary center was performed. Sonographic records of these women were classified into three types according to the classification published by Jordans et al. Treatment outcomes were compared across each type of CSP.ResultsThe study included a total of 84 women, where 60 (71.4%), 17 (20.2%), and 7 (8.3%) of them were categorized into Type 1, 2, and 3 CSP, respectively. A total of 47 (55.9%) women were managed with methotrexate, 22 (26.2%) underwent surgical management of the CSP without removal of the Cesarean section (CS) niche, and 11 (13.1%) underwent surgery to remove the CSP and the CS niche. Overall treatment success rates for medical management and surgical management were 70 and 97%, respectively. Four women were managed expectantly and continued their pregnancies, among which three carried beyond 34 weeks and had good neonatal outcomes.ConclusionsThe classification as published by Jordans et al is easily replicable and readily implemented clinically. Our findings show that a higher proportion of Type 1 and Type 2 CSP were treated successfully by a less invasive medical approach with a high success rate, whereas most Type 3 CSP required surgical resection to successfully remove the CSP and the CS niche. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings and further validate the clinical utility of this nomenclature system.
Long‐term culture system for deep‐sea mussels Gigantidas childressi
Authors: Hiebenthal Claas , Gehlert Finn‐Ole , Schmidt Mark , Reusch Thorsten B. H. , Melzner Frank 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe simulation of deep‐sea conditions in laboratories is technically challenging but necessary for experiments that aim at a deeper understanding of physiological mechanisms or host‐symbiont interactions of deep‐sea organisms. In a proof‐of‐concept study, we designed a recirculating system for long‐term culture (>2 yr) of deep‐sea mussels Gigantidas childressi (previously Bathymodiolus childressi). Mussels were automatically (and safely) supplied with a maximum stable level of ~60 μmol L−1 methane in seawater using a novel methane–air mixing system. Experimental animals also received daily doses of live microalgae. Condition indices of cultured G. childressi remained high over the years, and low shell growth rates could be detected, too, which is indicative of positive energy budgets. Using stable isotope data, we demonstrate that G. childressi in our culture system gained energy, both, from the digestion of methane‐oxidizing endosymbionts and from digesting particulate food (microalgae). Limitations of the system, as well as opportunities for future experimental approaches involving deep‐sea mussels, are discussed.
Fabrication of Crescent Shaped Microparticles for Particle Templated Droplet Formation
Authors: Yang Yimin , Vagin Sergei I. , Rieger Bernhard , Destgeer Ghulam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCrescent‐shaped hydrogel microparticles are shown to template uniform volume aqueous droplets upon simple mixing with aqueous and oil media for various bioassays. This emerging “lab on a particle” technique requires hydrogel particles with tunable material properties and dimensions. The crescent shape of the particles is attained by aqueous two‐phase separation of polymers followed by photopolymerization of the curable precursor. In this work, the phase separation of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, Mw 700) and dextran (Mw 40 000) for tunable manufacturing of crescent‐shaped particles is investigated. The particles’ morphology is precisely tuned by following a phase diagram, varying the UV intensity, and adjusting the flow rates of various streams. The fabricated particles with variable dimensions encapsulate uniform aqueous droplets upon mixing with an oil phase. The particles are fluorescently labeled with red and blue emitting dyes at variable concentrations to produce six color‐coded particles. The blue fluorescent dye shows a moderate response to the pH change. The fluorescently labeled particles are able to tolerate an extremely acidic solution (pH 1) but disintegrate within an extremely basic solution (pH 14). The particle‐templated droplets are able to effectively retain the disintegrating particle and the fluorescent signal at pH 14.
Targeting the Cdc2‐like kinase 2 for overcoming platinum resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Jiang Yinan , Huang Shuting , Zhang Lan , Zhou Yun , Zhang Wei , Wan Ting , Gu Haifeng , Ouyang Yi , Zheng Xiaojing , Liu Pingping , Pan Baoyue , Xiang Huiling , Ju Mingxiu , Luo Rongzhen , Jia Weihua , Huang Shenjiao , Li Jundong , Zheng Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlatinum resistance represents a major barrier to the survival of patients with ovarian cancer (OC). Cdc2‐like kinase 2 (CLK2) is a major protein kinase associated with oncogenic phenotype and development in some solid tumors. However, the exact role and underlying mechanism of CLK2 in the progression of OC is currently unknown. Using microarray gene expression profiling and immunostaining on OC tissues, we found that CLK2 was upregulated in OC tissues and was associated with a short platinum‐free interval in patients. Functional assays showed that CLK2 protected OC cells from platinum‐induced apoptosis and allowed tumor xenografts to be more resistant to platinum. Mechanistically, CLK2 phosphorylated breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) at serine 1423 (Ser1423) to enhance DNA damage repair, resulting in platinum resistance in OC cells. Meanwhile, in OC cells treated with platinum, p38 stabilized CLK2 protein through phosphorylating at threonine 343 of CLK2. Consequently, the combination of CLK2 and poly ADP‐ribose polymerase inhibitors achieved synergistic lethal effect to overcome platinum resistance in patient‐derived xenografts, especially those with wild‐type BRCA1. These findings provide evidence for a potential strategy to overcome platinum resistance in OC patients by targeting CLK2.
Silver‐doped rutile TiO2 nanotubes synthesis. First insights into selective photo‐oxidation of benzyl alcohol derivatives under visible light
Authors: Delaunay Oriane , Denicourt‐Nowicki Audrey , Roucoux Alain 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe synergistic effect between rutile TiO2 nanotubes and silver nanoparticles on the surface was studied. For that purpose, rutile TiO2 nanotubes were elaborated by a hydrothermal method, doped with silver by a wetness impregnation approach and fully characterized. The as synthesized material showed an improved photocatalytic activity, compared with bare rutile nanotubes, which was correlated to the changes in the optical, structural, and textural properties associated with the variation of silver amount. The photocatalytic activity of the as‐prepared catalysts was evaluated into the oxidation of different benzyl alcohol derivatives under visible light.
Measurement of metabolite levels and treatment‐induced changes in hepatic metastases of gastro‐esophageal cancer using 7‐T phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
Authors: van den Wildenberg Lieke , Runderkamp Bobby A. , Seelen Leonard W. F. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Gosselink Mark W. J. M. , van der Kemp Wybe J. M. , Haj Mohammad Nadia , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Prompers Jeanine J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMethods for early treatment response evaluation to systemic therapy of liver metastases are lacking. Tumor tissue often exhibits an increased ratio of phosphomonoesters to phosphodiesters (PME/PDE), which can be noninvasively measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS), and may be a marker for early therapy response assessment in liver metastases. However, with commonly used 31P surface coils for liver 31P MRS, the liver is not fully covered, and metastases may be missed. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of 31P MRS imaging (31P MRSI) with full liver coverage to assess 31P metabolite levels and chemotherapy‐induced changes in liver metastases of gastro‐esophageal cancer, using a 31P whole‐body birdcage transmit coil in combination with a 31P body receive array at 7 T. 3D 31P MRSI data were acquired in two patients with hepatic metastases of esophageal cancer, before the start of chemotherapy and after 2 (and 9 in patient 2) weeks of chemotherapy. 3D 31P MRSI acquisitions were performed using an integrated 31P whole‐body transmit coil in combination with a 16‐channel body receive array at 7 T, with a field of view covering the full abdomen and a nominal voxel size of 20‐mm isotropic. From the 31P MRSI data, 12 31P metabolite signals were quantified. Prior to chemotherapy initiation, both PMEs, that is, phosphocholine (PC) and phosphoethanolamine (PE), were significantly higher in all metastases compared with the levels previously determined in the liver of healthy volunteers. After 2 weeks of chemotherapy, PC and PE levels remained high or even increased further, resulting in increased PME/PDE ratios compared with healthy liver tissue, in correspondence with the clinical assessment of progressive disease after 2 months of chemotherapy. The suggested approach may present a viable tool for early therapy (non)response assessment of tumor metabolism in patients with liver metastases.