bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma bile acids, lactate dehydrogenase and sulphobromophthalein retention test in canine carbon tetrachloride intoxication
Authors: AGUILERA‐TEJERO E. , MAYER‐VALOR R. , GOMEZ‐CARDENAS G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the progression of various hepatic function tests (fasting and post prandial plasma bile acids, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase [HBDH], LDH isoenzymogram, and 45 minutes sulphobromophthalein retention) in a classic model of canine hepatic injury. Sulphobromphthalein and plasma bile acid determination are excellent indicators of hepatic damage. Post prandial bile acid quantification does not improve the diagnostic capacity of this test. LDH alters only in the first 48 hours after poisoning and the study of the HBDH/LDH ratio makes it possible to differentiate the origin of plasma LDH. LDH isoenzymogram is not a practical test for routine clinical diagnosis.
Is it hereditary?: 3. Identifying hereditary disease
Authors: THRUSFIELD M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis is the last article in a series of three that discusses the identification of an hereditary component to the aetiology of disease. It introduces epidemiological techniques for detecting associations between breed, sex and disease, and outlines pedigree and family studies. There is a brief concluding discussion of the three articles.
Poor reproductive performance in exhibition budgerigars: A study of eggs which fail to hatch
Authors: BAKER J. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA survey of hatchability of exhibition budgerigars' eggs was carried out which indicated that an average of 49‐4 per cent of eggs laid hatched. Of the eggs which did not hatch 73‐3 per cent were infertile and this was due in part to management faults which took no cognisance of pair‐bonding and also due to abnormal body feathering. A small number (6‐5 per cent) of infertile eggs had flecks of yolk material in the white with an intact yolk or rupture of the yolk membrane leading to spillage of yolk into the white. 11‐1 per cent of eggs failed to hatch because of early embryonic death. Management practices, rupture of the yolk (30‐1 per cent) and infections (25‐6 per cent) accounted for the majority of these deaths. 14‐1 per cent of eggs were classified as dead in shell and accounted for most of the remainder of the eggs which failed to hatch, the majority of these were infected, in some instances as a result of handling the eggs.
Atlanto‐axial subluxation in the dog: a review of thirty cases and an evaluation of treatment by lag screw fixation
Authors: DENNY H. R. , GIBBS CHRISTINE , WATERMAN AVRIL 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical and radiological features of atlanto‐axial subluxation in the dog are described with reference to a series of 30 cases. Two methods of treatment were evaluated. In 13 dogs, a dorsal approach was used and the atlas and axis stabilised with a wire suture. Four cases had respiratory arrests during surgery; one of these and seven others made full recoveries after wiring. In 10 dogs treated by lag screw fixation of the ventral articular facets there were no complications during surgery and nine of these recovered within two months.Atlanto‐axial subluxation was diagnosed in 30 dogs referred to the Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Bristol between 1977 and 1986. The condition was encountered in six small breeds of dog and was seen most frequently in the Yorkshire
Hepatozoon canis infection in dogs: clinical and haematological findings; treatment
Authors: ELIAS E. , HOMANS P. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT Hepatozoon canis gametocytes were identified in the circulating neutrophils of six dogs from different parts of southern Israel. Clinical signs included fever, anaemia, anorexia, weakness of the hind legs and numerous brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) on the skin surface. Parasitaemia varied from 6 per cent to 43 per cent of the circulating neutrophils. Two of these six cases also showed Ehrlichia morulae in the cytoplasm of leucocytes. Drug therapy with tetracycline hydrochloride 22 mg/kg, three times daily, and imidocarb dipropionate, 6 mg/kg, by subcutaneous injection, repeated after 14 days, was accompanied by clinical improvement and the depression of gametocyte parasitaemia.
Atresia ani and urethrorectal fistula in a kitten
Authors: van den BROEK A. H. M. , ELSE R. W. , HUNTER M. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of urethrorectal fistula associated with atresia ani in a seven‐week‐old male kitten is described. The main clinical sign was tenesmus. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive contrast radiography and post mortem examination.
Dorsal laminar elevation as a treatment for cervical vertebral canal stenosis in the dog
Authors: McKee W. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA five‐month‐old Great Dane was presented with marked ataxia and paraparesis. Dynamic radiographic studies showed instability between the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae and a myelogram revealed spinal cord compression at the sixth cervical vertebral foramen. Dorsal laminar elevation was used in conjunction with articular facet fusion to decompress the spinal cord and stabilise the affected vertebrae. There were no postoperative complications and the dog improved to normality before dying of an unrelated condition seven months after surgery.
Haemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) in German Shepherd dogs
Authors: LITTLEWOOD JANET D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTModerate haemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) has been identified in eight male German Shepherd dogs. Of 12 related females, five were diagnosed as obligate or probable carriers. The diagnosis of haemophilia A, its pattern of inheritance and carrier detection are discussed.
Synovial sarcoma in the dog–a review
Authors: McGLENNON N. J. , HOULTON J. E. F. , GORMAN N. T. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA series of eight cases of synovial sarcoma in the dog is presented together with a literature review of previously reported cases. It is an uncommon tumour occuring mainly around joints and affects more males than females. It occurs most frequently in medium to large dogs of middle age. Clinical signs may develop over a long period of time and the tumour is locally invasive with an unpredictable capacity to metatasise. Radiographically it appears as a soft tissue mass which invades bone. Histological diagnosis may be difficult because of the heterogenicity of the tumour and suitable biopsy techniques are discussed. On present evidence amputation appears to be the most effective form of treatment in the dog.
Evaluation of the peroral string test in the diagnosis of canine giardiasis
Authors: HALL E. J. , RUTGERS H. C. , BATT R. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe peroral string test (Entero‐Test; HDC Corporation, USA) has been shown to be a practicable method for the diagnosis of Giardia infection in dogs. It may be indicated in cases where faecal examination is negative, before more complex and invasive techniques are used.
Primary glaucoma in the Welsh springer spaniel
Authors: COTTRELL BEVERLEY D. , BARNETT K. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper reports 28 cases of primary angle closure glaucoma in the Welsh springer spaniel, a breed not previously reported to be affected by this condition. Females are affected more frequently than males (2–4:1). The age of onset ranges from 10 weeks to 10 years; however, the distribution is skewed towards the younger dog. The mode of inheritance appears to be dominant, which should make elimination of the trait through breeding control more straightforward. Gonioscopy on clinically affected and clinically normal dogs revealed three angle types; open (normal), partially open and partially closed (equivocal) and closed (affected). The equivocal cases may represent the heterozygous state and the closed the homozygous; alternatively the gene(s) may show variable expression.
Spontaneous regression of intracutaneous cornifying epitheliomata in a dog
Authors: SMITH D. A. , KNOTTENBELT M. K. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical and histopathological features are described of a case of multicentric intracutaneous cornifying epitheliomata in a four‐year‐old German shepherd dog. Multiple lesions developed over a one‐and‐a‐half year observation period. Eighteen were surgically removed, many of the others spontaneously regressed. Novel histopathological features included prominent epithelial invasion of surrounding dermis and a high mitotic rate suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma, and the apparent origin of several tumours in hair shaft epithelium.
Use of low dose prostaglandin for the treatment of canine pyometra
Authors: ARNOLD S. , HUBLER M. , CASAL M. , FAIRBURN A. , BAUMANN D. , FLUECKIGER M. , RUESCH P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTen bitches with pyometra were treated with prostaglandin F2α at a dose of 20 μg/kg bodyweight three times daily on consecutive days. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs and radiographic findings. Venous blood samples were collected for haematology and measurement of plasma progesterone levels. The response to treatment was monitored by repeated ultrasonic examinations. The treatment was continued for up to eight days. Seven out of 10 bitches responded well to treatment. The remaining three bitches underwent ovariohysterectomy and a cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium was diagnosed histologically. The results indicated that prostaglandin F2α used at the low dose is sufficient for medical treatment of certain cases of pyometra. The treatment seems to be most effective in bitches without obvious hormonal imbalance. The aetiology of pyometra is discussed.
Tonsillar polyps in the dog
Authors: LUCKE V. M. , PEARSON G. R. , GREGORY S. P. , WHITBREAD T. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinicopathological features of tonsillar polyps in eight dogs are described. They occurred in aged animals (mean 12.5 years) and caused gagging and retching in two. In the other six the polyps were an incidental finding during anaesthesia for unrelated surgical procedures.Seven of the polyps were considered to be of inflammatory origin, consisting of a fibrous tissue core containing dilated lymphatics and veins and a variable lymphocytic component. The eighth had microscopic features suggestive of a developmental vascular anomaly (hamartoma).
BSAVA EDUCATION COMMITTEE COMMISSIONED ARTICLE
Authors: EVANS J. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe development of hormonal preparations to control oestrus in the bitch is briefly reviewed. The products currently available in the UK are listed and compared in respect of active principle, methods of use, price, efficacy and safety. The need to follow the advised methods of administration is emphasised. Veterinary surgeons are urged to consider in each individual case the advantages and disadvantages of ovariohysterectomy and chemical control, bearing in mind the breed and status of the bitch, and the needs of the owner. Chemical control can offer a helpful alternative where there is a hesitation to spay.
Corneal necrosis and sequestration in the cat: a review and record of 100 cases
Authors: STARTUP F. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA distinct type of ulcerative keratitis, apparently specific to the cat, and of unknown aetiology, has been noted by many authors. This condition is described and a review of the literature is provided. Clinical signs presented are analysed, together with breed, sex and age incidence, and a record of 100 cases noted over a 12 year period is provided. Earlier observations of possible causation are discussed and a note made of further investigations needed to establish the aetiology of this corneal disorder.
A hair abnormality in Abyssinian cats
Authors: Wilkinson G. T. , Kristensen T. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn abnormality of the hair shaft of the whiskers and guard hairs of Abyssinian cats, consisting of an onion‐shaped swelling, usually situated at the tip of the hair but occasionally at other sites along the hair shaft, is reported. Where the abnormality occurs in the guard hairs it imparts a rough, brittle and lustreless appearance to the coat. Microscopically the epidermis, dermis and hair follicles and appendages appear normal. The condition has been seen in two Abyssinian cats in Denmark and one in Australia.
Infective polyarthritis and multiple discospondylitis in a dog due to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Authors: Houlton J. E. F. , Jefferies A. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA seven‐month‐old Irish wolfhound suffered an infectious polyarthritis and multiple discospondylitis. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was cultured from several of the joints at post mortem examination.
A field investigation of kennel cough: Efficacy of vaccination
Authors: Thrusfield M. V. , Aitken C. G. G. , Muirhead R. H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case‐control study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of several vaccines in protecting against canine kennel cough. Cases and controls were selected from a random sample of veterinary practices in the UK, and relevant information was collected using postal questionnaires. The relationship between vaccinal status and the occurrence of kennel cough was examined using a linear logistic model. Vaccination against Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus was associated with reduced risks of the disease, as indicated by a decrease in the log odds (log relative risk) of disease in vaccinated animals, when integrated with usual vaccination strategies. Statistical interaction between these two vaccines and adenovirus vaccines was identified.
Deficiency of bile salts causing steatorrhoea and weight loss in two dogs
Authors: Simpson J. W. , van den Broek A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwo dogs were presented with chronic diarrhoea, weight loss and skin problems. In each case investigation revealed persistent steatorrhoea due to a failure in fat digestion and absorption which was associated with a bile salt deficiency. Replacement therapy resulted in a significant improvement in the condition of each dog.
Ocular antimicrobial therapy in small animal practice
Authors: Jones S. M. Petersen , Bedford P. G. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAccurate diagnosis is essential in the selection of any therapeutic regime. In this paper the common ocular infections of dogs and cats are described, and the available therapeutic agents and their pharmacokinetics and spectra of activity are discussed. Sponsored by the Association for Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Congenital heart disease in dogs and cats
Authors: Darke P. G. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe presence of congenital heart disease in dogs and cats is usually indicated by a cardiac murmur. There may or may not be further signs of cardiac failure. The type and site of a murmur often suggests the nature of the underlying lesion, but electrocardiography and radiography can give further indications of the nature of the defect.Advanced diagnostic procedures include cardiac catheterisation for angiography, blood pressure recording and blood gas analysis, but this technique is now being superseded in many cases by cardiac ultrasound. Some lesions can be demonstrated directly by echocardiography, but the source of the murmur and the severity of the deformity can be defined precisely by Doppler.Congenital cardiovascular disorders can increasingly be relieved by sophisticated surgery.
Use of a radiographic scoring technique for the assessment of dogs with elbow osteochondrosis
Authors: Guthrie S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA retrospective study was made of 335 dogs with elbow osteochondrosis that had been seen at the Royal Veterinary College in 1977 to 1987. The most commonly affected breeds were the labrador, retriever and rottweiler. Males were affected more often than females. The condition was bilateral in 50 per cent of cases and the peak age for the onset of lameness was four to six months. In rottweilers, the lesions found at exploratory arthrotomy were predominantly abnormalities of the coronoid process, while in retrievers and labradors lesions most commonly affected the medial humeral condyle or the coronoid process. A scoring system for grading the standard projection (lateral and postero‐anterior) radiographs was devised and the score was correlated with the lesion found at surgery. Some cases were reviewed radiographically and any alteration in the degree of periarticular arthrosis, seen as an increase in radiographic score, was noted. The exact extent of the lesion found at surgery was recorded diagrammatically in 65 cases. It did not prove possible to predict from the radiographic score the nature and extent of the lesion and no correlation could be found between the radiographic score [and clinical degree of lameness. The scoring system did have some merit for reviewing cases because an increase in score indicated the extent to which joint changes had advanced.
Demographic characteristics of the canine and feline populations of the UK in 1986
Authors: Thrusfield M. V. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIndustrial demographic data on the canine and feline populations of the United Kingdom in 1986 are presented as population pyramids. Comparisons are made between the canine pyramid and an earlier one, and between breed‐specific proportions derived from three sources: a clinical database, a survey of veterinary practices, and Kennel Club registrations.
Kartagener's syndrome in an old miniature poodle
Authors: Foodman M. S. , Giger U. , Stebbins K. , Knight D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 12‐year old male miniature poodle with a chronic progressive cough of two years duration was found to have situs inversus totalis, rhinitis, bronchiectasis and bronchopneumonia with metaplasia. Clinical and pathological findings satisfy the clinical criteria for a diagnosis of Kartagener's syndrome. However, the dog had no history of respiratory disease during it's first year of life, it sired at least one healthy puppy and electron microscopic examination of tracheal cilia showed only minimal microtubular abnormalities. This is the first report of a miniature poodle with Kartagener's syndrome. Kartagener's syndrome and mild forms of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) may play an important role in the development of chronic respiratory disease in older dogs.
A progressive neuronopathy in the young cairn terrier
Authors: Palmer A. C. , Blakemore W. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical signs and neuropathological changes of a nervous disease of pedigree cairn terriers are described.Three animals, of both sexes, between five and seven months of age showed hind leg weakness, quadriparesis, ataxia, loss of superficial and deep reflexes and tremor of the head. Pathologically there was chromatolysis of neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem. Although Wallerian‐type degeneration was present in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves, its severity did not correlate with the intensity of the neuronal changes. This suggests that the chromatolysis observed may reflect a primary neuronal abnormality rather than represent a secondary change resulting from a primary degeneration of peripheral axons.Although the age of onset and some of the clinical signs are similar to those seen with globoid cell leucodystrophy (an inherited disease which also affects cairn terriers), the presence of lower motor neuron paralysis and the absence of signs of severe brain involvement in progressive neuronopathy should enable the conditions to be distinguished clinically.
Lysosomal storage diseases in dogs and cats
Authors: Evans R. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTLysosomal storage diseases are inborn errors of metabolism which are common in a number of breeds of dog and cat, due to specific, genetically determined, deficiencies of degradative enzymes. They are generally inherited as autosomal recessive traits. The enzyme substrate may be a complex lipid, glycoprotein or polysaccharide. In enzyme deficiency this substrate accumulates in swollen lysosomes in specific organs. Assay of the enzyme can be employed to detect affected individuals and also heterozygotes. It is possible to control these diseases by the identification of heterozygous animals and refraining from using them for breeding. Affected animals are normal at birth but the onset of disease is generally during the first months of life. The diseases are progressive and fatal. Neurological signs, hepato‐ and splenomegaly and skeletal abnormalities are commonly seen.
Metastasis of feline pulmonary carcinoma presenting as multiple digital swelling
Authors: May C. , Newsholme S. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTMultiple digital swelling and painful lameness in four cats was found on clinical, radiographic and post mortem examination to be due to metastasis of primary bronchial carcinoma. Metastases were identified in several organs at necropsy and histological findings were consistent with arterial dissemination from the primary lesion.
Paraquat poisoning in the dog
Authors: O'Sullivan S. P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTRecovery from paraquat poisoning in the dog is rare. This is a report of a case of recovery from confirmed paraquat poisoning in a clinical setting. The dog exhibited the usual signs of paraquat poisoning. The diagnosis was confirmed on toxicological analysis of urine using an ion exchange technique. The dog was treated with frusemide, nicotinamide, corticosteroids, α‐tocopherol, vitamin A, etamiphylline camsylate and ampicillin. He recovered after seven weeks of intensive therapy. Alternative treatments are discussed.
Motor nerve conduction parameters in the cat
Authors: Malik R. , Ho S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe electrophysiological characteristics of motor conduction in normal cats have been determined using an alligator clip as a surface electrode to record the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) following stimulation of the tibial, ulnar and fibular nerves. Data on nerve conduction velocity, residual latency and the amplitude and area of the CMAP have been determined using a computerised electromyography unit. Motor nerve conduction was substantially faster in cats than dogs and the site of stimulation had less effect on the size and area of the CMAP. Although a small decline in the amplitude of successive CMAPs was observed following repetitive stimulation of the tibial and ulnar nerve at 20 Hz, the decrement was less marked than in the dog.
Temporomandibular ankylosis in the cat
Authors: Sullivan M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTemporomandibular ankylosis was diagnosed in four cats which presented with difficulty in opening their mouths. Interincisor gaps of less than 15 mm were present in all four cases. Radiological changes included loss of joint space and proliferation of new bone around the joints. Resection of part of the zygoma, condyle and vertical ramus resulted in freeing of the joint and a return to normal function.
Evaluation of the testosterone response to hCG and the identification of a presumed anorchid dog
Authors: England G. C. W. , Allen W. Edward , Porter D. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA two‐year‐old dog was presented with no scrotal testes. There was no history of castration but at laparotomy no testes were found. To confirm that the dog was truly anorchid a human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation test was performed. This was then validated in normal entire and castrated dogs.
A technique for repair of femoral capital epiphyseal fractures in the dog
Authors: Kuzma A. , Sumner‐Smith G. , Miller C. , Mclaughlin R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA new method for repair of femoral capital epiphyseal fractures in the immature dog is described. The technique employs two small AO/ASIF cortical screws inserted in lag fashion from the articular surface into the femoral neck. The screw heads are countersunk, so as not to project from the articular cartilage of the femoral epiphyseal fragment, While this is an early report it is hoped that it will prompt the use of the technique by others so that its long term assessment may be more rapidly determined than by one clinic working alone.