bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Uses of Information Systems
Authors: Raleigh J.T. , Baca A. , Hingorani G. 
Published: December 2007

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.
This paper was prepared for the 43rd Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Houston, Tex., Sept. 29-Oct. 2, 1968. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made. provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.

Abstract
This paper presents a user's view of some applications and pitfalls of an operational information system. This system was initiated in 1960 by the Gas Supply Division of an interstate gas pipeline company to calculate and maintain dedicated gas reserves by well. This basic file included identification data, dedicated lease interest as well as reservoir parameters. From this small beginning, the data parameters. From this small beginning, the data file concept has mushroomed and now includes six separate files with data from contract information and price of gas to well test scheduling.
As these files were developed, many programs were written to utilize the data stored programs were written to utilize the data stored in them. Two of these programs are discussed in some detail. These are an individual well by well, availability project to determine total contracted supply with respect to market requirements. The second project is a macroscopic management oriented tool to investigate alternative supply operation plans depending on varying market requirements and purchase contract negotiations and timing. This program has a number of levels of output. In addition to programs, a number of retrieval routines are run on request to provide up-to-date information on the most important data items.
Immediate plans require program development in order to tie the large detailed computerized data base into management information requirements. Future plans are to make the information systems available to all potential users in the company such as the Gas Control function. Remote access devices will use massive data banks to permit operating control from widely scattered field stations through a central executive control system.
An information system has been developed and applied to important engineering and management problems. problems.
Determination of Formation Temperature From Flow Tests: A New Solution
Authors: Kashikar S. V. , Arnold F. C. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Determination of accurate formation temperature is needed for drilling fluid and cement slurry design, determination of geo thermal gradients and geo thermal reservoir evaluation. Almost all known methods to determine the formation temperature are based on shut-in temperature recordings. All these methods require long shut-in periods and result in estimates which are lower than the true reservoir temperature.
A new method has been developed that utilizes temperature recordings from short time flow tests to accurately determine formation temperatures, The temperature distribution prior to production was obtained by solving the diffusivity equation for conductive heat transfer during the circulation period. This provided the initial condition for solving the continuity equation for convective heat transfer during production by the method of characteristics. The application of the above solution is shown with a field example.
A Management System for Gas-Gathering Systems
Authors: Butler T. G. , Hedges R. C. , Gonsalves L. , Bowlin N. S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Computing technology is applied to improve procedures for managing a gas gathering system by providing information, reports, and analysis to support decision making. The system includes handheld computer terminals, a plant office personal computer, and an interface to upload and download information from a company gas measurement database.
Handheld computer terminals are used in acquiring meter calibration, gas measurement, and physical change data to eliminate paper as the primary means of data transfer. At the end of the work day all data collected is uploaded to a personal computer database in the plant office. The information is easily accessible for analysis and report generation.
A communications datalink is used to transfer information between the plant office PC and the company orifice meter database. When information is downloaded to the plant office PC, volume and pressure trending of sections of the pipeline can be displayed to assist in determining pipeline efficiency. In addition, a more timely and efficient method of updating the orifice meter database is performed by uploading information directly from the PC. Data related to physical changes normally recorded when charts are integrated is now recorded on the day that the orifice meter is actually changed.
Benefits derived from using this system are quickly realized. Manually produced reports are replaced with automatically generated reports. More efficient use is made of field and office personnel. Supervisors more effectively monitor the gathering system since quick access to data and report generation assist them in controlling production and determining problems within the pipeline.
Operational Techniques to Improve the Performance of In-Situ Combustion in Heavy-Oil and Oil-Sand Reservoirs
Authors: Hallam R. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
When the in-situ combustion process is used in heavy oil and oil sand reservoirs the frontal displacement is not propagated in a uniform manner due to channeling. To improve the performance, the operating strategies have to be modified in order to control or use the channeling as an advantage. The operational procedures used in these strategies include pressure cycling, injection rate control, the use of oxygen, fracturing and production well stimulations. These procedures can, however, serve different purposes in heavy oil and oil sand reservoirs. In this paper, the procedures are reviewed and the recovery mechanisms are discussed. Field and laboratory results are presented to explain the recovery mechanisms associated with each procedure.
Waterflooding a Sandstone Reservoir With a Mobile Gas Saturation: Sooner Unit Field Case History
Authors: Hayworth W. R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Sooner Unit produces a volatile crude oil from a low permeability Cretaceous sandstone reservoir. Primary production resulted in a gas saturation estimated to exceed 20% of pore volume.
Modelling studies, analysis of similar reservoirs, and Sooner Unit production history have demonstrated a need to repressure the reservoir prior to displacement under "steady state" conditions. The principal benefit to displacement at high pressure is derived from the ability to manage gas saturation and reservoir voidage and prevent early water breakthrough. The effect of reduced oil viscosity and lower mobility ratio at high pressure is of minor significance.
Repressurization of the reservoir has been accelerated recently by the initiation of gas injection.
Logging and Perforating of Horizontal Wells: An Innovative Approach
Authors: Hall D. J. , Walker J. L. , Schmelzl E. G. , Haêne T. B. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes a system designed by Pan Canadian Petroleum Ltd., Jet Research Centre Inc., Halliburton Logging Services and Halliburton Services Ltd. to perforate a horizontal well in East Central Alberta. This system is unique in that it allows circulation to the bottom of the tool string throughout the logging and perforating operations (ie. before and after detonation). Foam was used as the circulation fluid to remove sand from the horizontal section and allow the logging and perforating tools to be run. These tools were attached to reeled tubing with electric line inside to facilitate running in the horizontal section with energized fluid.
Geologic Controls on Reservoir Properties of Frontier Formation Low-Permeability Gas Reservoirs, Moxa Arch, Wyoming
Authors: Dutton S. P. , Hamlin H. S. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation, a low-permeability gas reservoir in southwestern Wyoming, comprises marine and nonmarine fades deposited in a fluvial-deltaic depositional system. Reservoir quality of Frontier sandstones is determined in part by detrital clay content, which is related to original depositional environment, and in part by subsequent diagenetic modifications during burial. In this study, regional thickness and continuity of Frontier sandstones were mapped along the Moxa Arch from the La Barge Platform to the Utah border, using more than 700 well logs and cores from 10 wells. Many of the Frontier sandstones (First, Third, and Fourth Frontier intervals) are discontinuous and occur only at the northern end of the Moxa Arch where the formation is up to 1,500 ft (460 m) thick. The Second Frontier interval, however, is present along the entire Moxa Arch and contains the most prolific Frontier gas reservoirs. Clean sandstone is variably developed within the Second Frontier and commonly lies in laterally continuous marine shoreface fades and discontinuous fluvial channel-fill fades. Clean sandstone geometries are inherited from the depositional environment. Unstressed permeability to air averages 0.83 md in 47 upper-shoreface sandstones, 0.12 md in 232 lower-shoref ace sandstones, and 0.39 md in 120 fluvial channel-fill sandstones.
According to pétrographie examination of 151 thin sections, Frontier sandstones are fine- to medium-grained litharenites and sublitharenites having an average composition of 65% quartz, 4% feldspar, and 31% rock fragments. Clean sandstones contain an average of 1.8% primary intergranular porosity and 4.6% secondary porosity formed by dissolution of feldspar, chert, and mudstone clasts. Microporosity, estimated as the difference between porosimeter and thin-section porosity, averages 6%. Calcite, quartz, mixed-layer illite-smectite, illite, chlorite, and kaolinite are the most abundant cements. Authigenic mixed-layer clays consist of about 80% illite layers, suggesting that clays may be only moderately sensitive to fresh water. Low permeability in Frontier sandstones is caused by (1) loss of porosity due to compaction, (2) occlusion of pores by cements, particularly caldte and quartz, and (3) lining of primary pores by fibrous illite-smectite.
Friction Pressure Correlation for CO2 Foam Fluids
Authors: Tan H. C. S. , McGowen J. M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
An empirical correlation for predicting tubular friction pressure for CO2-energized fluids has been derived from both field and laboratory data. This correlation takes into account the effect of crosslinking behavior of the liquid phase on friction pressure. Therefore, it can be used for treatments where CO2-energized fluids are used in conjunction with delayed or rapid crosslinked fluids. The correlation was incorporated into a real time computer program used to calculate bottomhole treating pressure on-site during fracturing treatments with CO2-energized fluids. Several case histories were used to evaluate the correlation. The results presented in this paper have shown significant improvement in predicting the friction pressure for CO2-energized fluids as compared to existing correlations being used in the oil industry.
The Effects of Microfractures on Directional Permeability in Tight Gas Sands
Authors: Hyman L. A. , Malek D. J. , Admire C. A. , Walls J. D. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The objectives of this study were to reveal the existence of microfractures in tight gas sands and to investigate their effects on directional permeability. The knowledge of the orientation of microfractures and their impact on directional permeability could influence various reservoir engineering applications involved in developing tight gas sands. This study has been accomplished by analyzing and comparing the results of directional permeability measurements to acoustic velocity anisotropy and pétrographie analyses.
Both natural and stress relaxation (induced) microfractures were observed in all three tight gas formations analyzed: Cotton Valley, Travis Peak and the Frontier Formations. This study indicates that compressional velocity measurements and thin section analyses should be integrated to define the orientation of the microfractures. Induced microfractures appear to close under confining stress and consequently, permeability anisotropy measured at in-situ pressure has been interpreted to not be influenced by induced microfractures. The influence of natural microfractures on permeability anisotropy in tight gas sands was observed to be dependent on the degree and type of cementation and the pore network.
A Study of the Factors Influencing Well Productivity of the "J" and Codell Reservoirs
Authors: Donovan W. S. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A statistical study of "J" and Codell wells in the Denver-Julesburg (D-J) Basin was undertaken to determine which parameters influence well productivity. The parameters reviewed were open hole logging parameters and operational parameters. Parameters such as zone thickness, porosity, water saturation, shale indicators and the size of the hydraulic fracture treatment were reviewed. These parameters were chosen because they: 1) may be related to well productivity; 2) are easily obtainable from public sources; and 3) are related to theoretical hydraulic fracture models.
A non-linear multi-variate regression analysis was used in this study. The variables used in the regression analysis can be related to the variables in the "uniform flux fracture" model.
The results of the regression analysis can be used; 1) to determine which parameters are most correlative to well productivity, 2) to determine the relative magnitude of the parameters's influence and 3) the degree of certainty of the correlation.
The application of regression analysis determined which log characteristics are correlative with well productivity, quantified the influence of each parameter and quantify the degree of uncertainty. Regression analysis can be applied to reservoirs which are not amenable to conventional analysis.
An Analysis of Gas Kick Removal From the Marine Riser
Authors: Santos O. L. A. , Lima H. R. de Paula , Bourgoyne A. T. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic pressures imposed on the marine riser and diverter line during the gas removal from a riser-diverter system. The occurrence of formation gas in the riser may lead to a drilling accident known as "riser blowout" that can cause the collapse of the riser pipe in addition to the inherent risk of fire.
This analysis makes use of a numerical simulator, detailed in this study, that models the pressure and flow rate behavior in the riser-diverter system. The simulator is based on the numerical solution of a system of flow equations for a two-phase mixture moving upward in the riser-drill pipe annulus. The model accounts for the acceleration of the drilling fluid flowing ahead the two-phase mixture and the sonic flow at the diverter line exit.
In this paper, the approach of circulating a fluid through the lower portion of the marine riser to displace the gas up and inside the riser and diverter system is extensively investigated. Through a sensitivity analysis, the effects of pertinent parameters – especially the circulation rate – on the pressures generated inside the riser-diverter system during the gas removal process are discussed. Non-circulation situations are also studied.
The Design and Application of High-Yield Strength, Sour Service Casing In High Pressure High Temperature North Sea Wells
Authors: Marshall D. W. , Robertson I. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Enterprise Oil pic currently is involved as operator for a number of high temperature, high pressure wells in the Central North Sea to depths in excess of 17,000 ft (5200m). A crucial factor in the successful design and drilling of such wells is the casing design particularly in light of the severe requirements of the UK Department of Energy.
This paper examines how the casing design for such wells has been optimised by Enterprise Oil by the use of 110,000 psi (758MPa) minimum internal yield strength, sour service casing. In addition, the specifications for the manufacture and inspection of such casing are reviewed and a discussion on the limitations of the existing NACE guidelines presented.
Important Aspects of Well Control for Horizontal Drilling Including Deepwater Situations
Authors: Santos O. L. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The drilling of horizontal wells to improve oil and gas recovery and productivity has quickly become one of the most important and promising technology of the oil industry. This is reflected by the considerable number of technical papers published on this subject. Although these papers have been covered a great deal of aspects of horizontal drilling, one important subject remains almost unexplored: the well pressure control.
The scope of this paper is to show important facets of the well control for horizontal wells, especially for deepwater ones, and to highlight some design and operational aspects to make the horizontal drilling safer. One important point analyzed in this paper was the pressure behavior inside a horizontal wellbore during a gas kick removal process. For this analysis, a numerical simulator of a gas kick based on the unsteady state flow of a two-phase mixture (gas and mud) has been developed and used to predict pressure at any point of the wellbore-choke line system. It has also been used to compute and to analyze the kick tolerance during the gas kick circulation process.
Some other relevant points of the well control operation for horizontal wells that differ from those for vertical wells were also investigated.They include:swabbing effect when tripping out of the hole,shut-in pressures and pit gain,drillpipe pressure schedule during the kick removal process,and mud density design.
Relief Well Contingency Drilling Plans for Remote Areas
Authors: Pidcock G. A. , Fowler D. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper reviews the rationale and content of relief well plans for remote areas. As with many industry related contingency plans there is an increasing need to ensure these plans are well organized, practical and efficient for an unlikely event such as a blowout. This report highlights one such plan developed for floating drilling operations in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. This remote area presents many technical, logistical and seasonal constrains that require special consideration.
Laboratory and Field Testing of an Ultra-High-Pressure, Jet-Assisted Drilling System
Authors: Kolle J. J. , Otta R. , Stang D. L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Small-scale laboratory tests of an ultrahigh-pressure jet-assisted drilling system have been carried out in a pressure drilling test stand. Increases in the penetration rate are greatest in permeable rock and are proportional to the hydraulic pressure. The results of field tests with the drilling system are consistent with those obtained in the laboratory.
DD&A: Its Impact and Influence on Investment Decisions
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper gives a review of some basic accounting concepts designed to provide an engineer sufficient background to understand DD&A – depreciation, depletion and amortization, and its impact on a company's financials. Examples are provided to
demonstrate how different investments generate different amounts of DD&A expense and how this, in turn, affects a company's cash flow and net income. DD&A and its effect on a company's financial books is often a mysterious and misunderstood area for engineers. However, many engineers find themselves in management positions where they need to understand DD&A and how it affects net income – an obvious financial index on which stockholders and analysts focus. Should investment decisions be driven by DD&A considerations? The answer is "maybe" – it depends on the situation.
Parametric Estimating of Oil and Gas Production Facilities Capital Costs Worldwide
Authors: Karlik C. W. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A methodology for a parametric approach to estimating facilities costs worldwide for new ventures is presented. Screening estimates then can be made with minimal data and in a timely manner.
Development of a parametric approach consists of four phases: (1) The identification of sources of data and the gathering of that data; (2) Sorting of data; (3) The mathematical analysis of that data to quantify relationships that are intuitive; and (4) Reporting and updating of results periodically.
Observations include a review of how "estimates of estimates" produce an effective means of determining the future cost of new venture facilities. Parameters considered in providing estimates include, but are not limited to, recoverable reserves, peak production rates, location (onshore or offshore), terrain, water depth, distance to infrastructure, etc. Expert systems/actual costs also generate databases for this methodology.
At the same time, awareness of when certain parameters are not significant in determining capital costs is discussed. Elaboration on how precision does not equal accuracy is presented; many parameters are needlessly considered in new venture economic assessments.
The major results of this effort are the ability to estimate facilities costs, thus addressing multiple scenarios for future oil and gas development and the capacity to efficiently screen estimates related to new venture opportunities.