bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural convection in a horizontal cylindrical annulus using porous fins
Authors: Kiwan S. , Zeitoun O. 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe aim is to study the effects of fin conductivity ratio, Darcy number, and Rayleigh number on the average Nusselt number for fins made of porous material when attached to the inner cylinder of the annulus between two concentric cylinders. The paper also aims to compare the results with those obtained using solid fins over a range of Rayleigh numbers.Design/methodology/approachThe Darcy‐Brinkman equations were used to model the fluid flow inside the porous media and the Boussinesq approximation was used to model the buoyancy effect. The energy equation is also solved to find the temperature distribution in the domain of interest. The model equations are solved numerically using a finite volume code.FindingsPorous fins provided higher heat transfer rates than solid fins for similar configurations. This enhancement in heat transfer reached 75 per cent at Ra=5 × 104 and Da=2.5 × 10−2. It is also found that unlike solid fins the rate of heat transfer from the cylinder equipped with porous fins decreases with increasing the fin inclination angle.Research limitations/implicationsThe range of the Rayleigh number considered in this research covers only the laminar regime. The research does not cover turbulent flows. In addition to that, the local thermal equilibrium assumption is used.Practical implicationsThis work can help designers in selecting the proper material properties and operating conditions in designing porous fins to enhance the heat transfer in the annulus between two horizontal concentric cylinders under natural convection condition.Originality/valueThis work has not been done before and it can initiate additional research projects as looking at the performance of porous fins under other conditions and configurations (e.g. turbulent conditions).
Boost your business value with succession planning
Authors: Seymour Stephen 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to put forward the view that, when the owner‐managers or drivers of a successful business have to give responsibility to a new management, careful succession planning can minimize the risk of damage and enhance the value of the business.Design/methodology/approachExplains the various aspects of good succession planning, and how they can be put into practice.FindingsEmphasizes the importance of optimizing the contribution of existing management, staff and workforce through, for example, job rotation, training, coaching and mentoring. Concedes, however, that it will not be possible to promote from within in all cases.Practical implicationsContends that employees will be prepared to make a deeper commitment to an enterprise that invests in them and their route to achieving their personal ambitions, perhaps through promotion.Originality/valueAdvances the view that the future performance of any company depends on the thoroughness and vigor of today's succession planning.
How to get real results from virtual teams
Authors: Morris Stephen 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to examines why a high percentage of virtual teams fails to deliver, and considers how the problems can be overcome.Design/methodology/approachDifferentiates between virtual teams and co‐located teams, and presents ways of leading each, while stressing that both types of team require a clear, well‐founded and compelling purpose.FindingsAdvances the view that, when dealing with a co‐located team, the leader can communicate purpose in a way that appeals to the hearts and minds of potential team members. With a potential virtual‐team member, in contrast, the leader must present a strong business case, clear and achievable short‐term goals, agreed principles and a visible link to the skill set of the potential team member.Practical implicationsDemonstrates that the human element brings technology to life and defines its use and its impact on the world.Originality/valueWarns against developing the view that technology is a replacement for human interaction.
The impact of culture on brand perceptions: a six‐nation study
Authors: Foscht Thomas , Maloles Cesar , Swoboda Bernhard , Morschett Dirk , Sinha Indrajit 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how cultural differences affect the perception of a brand.Design/methodology/approachA study was carried out in six countries among different involvement groups. The study uses Hofstede's cultural dimensions and Aaker's brand personality dimensions to see if brand perceptions of a product are similar among all six countries.FindingsThis study provides clear evidence that a same brand is perceived differently in different cultures in spite of its identical positioning. This means that if a firm wishes to achieve the same brand perception in different countries, the firm needs to create brand positioning strategies that emphasize the characteristics that enable consumers to perceive the product in a similar way.Originality/valueThis paper examines the perception of a single brand in the context of cultural dimensions in a global setting – in particular in six countries on three continents.
Branded food spokescharacters: consumers' contributions to the narrative of commerce
Authors: LeBel Jordan L. , Cooke Nathalie 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine the nature of consumers' relationships with branded spokescharacters by drawing upon brand personality theory and reader‐response theory, focusing specifically on food trade characters. We aim to show that the persuasive power of these characters resides not only in their appearance, but also in the complex narratives consumers project (sometimes unwittingly) onto the spokescharacter.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports the results of a survey – blending quantitative and qualitative methodologies – designed to document consumer perceptions, affective responses and spontaneous associations to different characters (i.e. Aunt Jemima, Robin Hood, Betty Crocker, Uncle Ben, Poppin' Fresh the Pillsbury's Doughboy, and M. Felix and Mr Norton, characters created by a Montreal‐based cookie company).FindingsThe results revealed that consumers associate spokescharacters with distinct personality profiles. Also, a connection was found between spokescharacters and narrative: a relationship where the characters become part of a larger narrative paradigm and more importantly, a relationship where the consumer is cast in a specific role vis‐à‐vis the spokescharacter.Practical implicationsThese results should invite brand managers to stay current with the variety of associations that consumers form and how these associations influence the perception of their brand's personality. The results further underscore the need to understand the role into which consumers are cast vis‐à‐vis a branded character. Future research should examine cross cultural differences in the perception and narratives of branded characters, especially since many multinational companies use branded characters across cultural divides.Originality/valueThe paper shows how consumers play an active role in rendering a spokescharacter likeable, credible, and even memorable and documents the narratives that engage consumers and are both constructed collaboratively with them and propagated by them.
Brand analysis of a US global brand in comparison with domestic brands in Mexico, Korea, and Japan
Authors: Lee Min‐Young , Knight Dee , Kim Youn‐Kyung 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand how consumers in three countries (Mexico, South Korea, and Japan) perceive a US global brand versus domestic brands and their marketing efforts. There has been an increasing number of global brands and corresponding competition among global retailers. At the same time, markets in the world are becoming complex, and consumers in many markets demand localized marketing and branding strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses are developed based on the brand analysis framework that consists of brand‐specific associations (emotional value, perceived quality), general brand impressions (brand awareness, brand image), and brand commitment (brand loyalty, purchase intention).FindingsThe results revealed significant main effects of country and brand type (global v. domestic) on brand‐specific associations, general brand impressions, and brand commitment. Interactive effects also existed on brand‐specific associations, general brand impressions, and brand commitment (only brand loyalty).Research limitations/implicationsWhile almost all of the hypotheses are supported, future research should test other global brands to generalized findings of the study. Sample can be extended to consumers in many other countries to provide more comprehensive insights into consumer perceptions and brand behaviors towards global brands.Practical implicationsThe findings demonstrate that clear‐cut and unique brand analysis patterns exist among consumers in three different countries for both a US global brand and domestic brands. Based on this, potential strategies for both US global brands and domestic brands are suggested for each country.Originality/valueThis study discovered the effects of country (i.e. Mexico v. South Korea v. Japan) and brand type (i.e. US global v. domestic) on consumer responses to three brand analysis components: brand‐specific associations, general brand impressions, and brand commitment. The results provide significant insights into what global and domestic companies must emphasize to be successful in capturing and sustaining consumers' desire to buy and use their brand.
The link between offline brand attributes and corporate brand image in bookstores
Authors: Vinhas Da Silva Rui , Faridah Syed Alwi Sharifah 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to look into the relationship between the physical aspect of a retail store, product‐related attributes, personal interaction with customers and perceived reliability and corporate brand image in an offline or bricks and mortar context.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on 511 interviews conducted in various bookstores and uses structural equation modelling as a statistical tool for concluding the above.FindingsThe paper argues that physical aspect of a retail store, product‐related attributes and personal interaction with customers will have a significant and positive direct effect on the offline corporate brand image whilst there was no significant connection between reliability and corporate brand image.Research limitations/implicationsThe research has been conducted in one organisation, albeit a number of bookstores were scrutinized.Practical ImplicationsThe paper's managerial contribution lies in its lessons for practitioners who want to understand what are the key drivers of corporate brand image in an offline context. It also provides a background for further studies which can extrapolate the current thinking into other sectors in order to validate or refute the results presented here.Originality/valueThe paper scrutinizes the impact of: physical aspects; product related information; reliability; and personal interaction in the corporate brand image of a retail organisation.
Consumer use of the price‐quality cue in financial services
Authors: Estelami Hooman 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the extent of use of the price‐quality cue in financial services, and to uncover some of its drivers. The drives studied are: advertising exposure, product complexity, and consumer price knowledge. The use of price as an indicator of quality has been a well‐documented phenomenon in consumer goods markets. However, the existence of this relationship has not been tested in services, and in particular in financial services markets.Design/methodology/approachA consumer survey of over 200 individuals contacted through intercept interviews was conducted. The use of the price‐quality cue and its drivers were measured using multi‐item scales, for six financial services categories: checking accounts, financial advisory services, automobile insurance, home insurance, life insurance, and tax accounting.FindingsSignificant variations in the use of price as an indicator of quality across financial services categories are identified. Furthermore, it is found that both consumer price knowledge and advertising exposure increase the use of the price‐quality cue, while product complexity was found to have no significant impact on price‐quality cue utilization for financial services.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research could expand the array of variables which drive consumers' use of the price‐quality cue. In addition, a wider range of financial services categories could be studied.Practical implicationsKnowing the extent by which consumers depend on the price‐quality cue in their decisions is critical to optimal positioning of a financial brand. This paper provides specific managerial recommendations on how to approach the pricing and marketing of each of the six financial services categories studied. In addition public policymakers may find the findings of interest due to quality perception biases that may result from financial services providers' pricing tacticsOriginality/valueWhile previous research studies in price‐quality cue utilization have primarily focused on manufactured goods, this paper is the only study that has examined the dynamics of price‐quality cue utilization by consumers in financial services. This is an important inquiry due to the large volume of consumer expenditures in financial services categories, and the significant impact that these categories have on the financial stability and well‐being of the public.
Dimensions of police culture: a study in Canada, India, and Japan
Authors: Nickels Ernest L. , Verma Arvind 
Published: June 2008

PurposeSome police research has used quantitative methods of typology construction in attitudinal data to explore the spatial structure of occupational culture, suggesting distinctions among officer‐types may be empirically useful. The purpose of this paper is to suggest scale construction as a complimentary approach, using original data collected from a multi‐national sample. Cultural structure is examined here in terms of the spatial relationship among variables rather than respondents. Cultural homogeneity is understood principally as the relative congruence of attitudinal constructs across national groups. Where common constructive dimensions are evident, meaningful analysis of attitudinal valence is then possible.Design/methodology/approachData‐measuring attitudes in several facets of occupational outlook were collected from police in Canada, India, and Japan. Factor analysis was used to identify latent structures among question items in 11 inventories in the aggregate set and then again in each national sample. Factor solutions were then compared for congruence across the three nations and against the aggregate result. Scores from congruent factors were analyzed using ANCOVA.FindingsThe findings suggest an appreciable universality to factor structures in the inventories and samples examined here. Congruence across attitudinal constructs appears to break down in those aspects of occupational outlook that are most personal and most impersonal to the officer.Originality/valueThe paper offers a complimentary approach to existing quantitative methods in probing sameness and difference in police culture by focusing upon the constructive meanings of attitudinal measurements as expressive of the conceptual dimensionality of attitudinal space.
An examination of the types of leading questions used by investigative interviewers of children
Authors: Hughes‐Scholes Carolyn H. , Powell Martine B. 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of leading questions used by a representative sample of investigative interviewers of children. In particular, it examined whether these interviewers use the type of questions that are known to elicit reports of false activities or events among child samples.Design/methodology/approachA total of 82 police officers who were authorized to conduct interviews with alleged child abuse victims conducted individual mock interviews with children aged 5‐7 years. The focus of the interviews was an event that was staged in the children's school a week earlier. Prior to the interview, each officer was provided with accurate and inaccurate information about the event, including details about an activity that did not occur. The officers' task was to elicit as detailed and accurate account of the event as possible using the techniques they would “normally” use in the field.FindingsAlthough the officers refrained from using coercive interview techniques, two problematic types of questions were relatively common. These include: questions that presumed that an activity/detail occurred that had not been previously mentioned by the child; and questions that included highly specific details about an activity. Both of these techniques had featured in prior laboratory research on children's false event narratives.Research limitations/implicationsThese results support the need for better training techniques for assisting officers to avoid the use of leading questions.Originality/valueWhile it is well established that investigative interviewers do sometimes use leading questions when interviewing children, this is the first study to specify the incidence of various types of leading questions.
An analysis of alternatives to New York City's current marijuana arrest and detention policy
Authors: Johnson Bruce D. , Golub Andrew , Dunlap Eloise , Sifaneck Stephen J. 
Published: June 2008

PurposeDuring the 1990s, the New York City Police Department (NYPD) instituted a policy of arresting and detaining people for minor offenses that occur in public as part of their quality‐of‐life (QOL) policing initiative. The purpose of this paper is to examine the pros and cons of the current policy and compare it with possible alternatives including: arrest and issuing of a desk appearance ticket (DAT); issuing of a non‐criminal citation (violation); street warnings; and toleration of public marijuana smoking.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews several studies of QOL policing and examines the pros and cons of the current NYPD policy, compared to possible alternatives.FindingsThe number of NYPD arrests for marijuana in public view (MPV) (with most detained for one or two days) increased from 3,000 in 1994 to over 50,000 in 2000, and have been about 30,000 in the mid‐2000s. Most of these arrestees (84 percent) were minority; Blacks were 2.7 more likely and Hispanics 1.8 times more likely to be detained than Whites for an MPV arrest. Minorities received more severe dispositions, even controlling for demographics and prior arrest histories.Originality/valueThe paper recommends that the NYPD change to routinely issuing DATs to reduce detention for marijuana violators. Drug policy reformers might wish to further pursue changing statutes regarding smoking MPV into a violation (non‐criminal) or encourage the wider use of street warnings, as in Britain. Any of these policy changes would help reduce the number detained and the disproportionate burden on minorities associated with the current arrest and detention policy. These policies could help maintain civic norms against smoking marijuana in public.
Survival in an “all boys club”: policewomen and their fight for acceptance
Authors: Rabe‐Hemp Cara 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of policewomen to determine the extent to which female officers face resistance and obstacles to police work, to examine the coping mechanisms female officers utilized to overcome impediments encountered, and to establish common themes in female officers' success stories of acceptance and integration.Design/methodology/approachOwing to the difficulty in accessing female officers, the current research utilizes in‐depth qualitative interviews through snowball sampling. This methodology provided a rich sample of tenured female officers' experiences to explore resistance and integration.FindingsThe findings suggest despite early occupational experiences of sexual harassment, discrimination, and disrespect, after long tenures, female officers do achieve acceptance in police work. Female officers are holding high civil service ranks in police agencies and achieving new “firsts” every day, including breaking into stereotypically masculine assignments.Practical implicationsAs police departments nationwide are having difficulties maintaining recruitment standards and full rosters, the current study can provide insight into the obstacles women face when joining police agencies and methods to alleviate these impediments, revealing an under‐recruited population for police agencies nationwide.Originality/valueThis study extends past literature by: examining female officers' experiences in a variety of agencies previously ignored in the literature; analyzing the tenure of the officers' careers to determine the onset and desistance of female officers' experiences with resistance and acceptance; and suggesting women do survive and, in some instances, thrive in an “all boys club.”
Exploring the limits of collaboration in community policing
Authors: Liederbach John , Fritsch Eric J. , Carter David L. , Bannister Andra 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide direct comparisons between the views of citizens and officers within a jurisdiction that has been largely influenced by the community‐oriented policing movement. Comparisons between police and citizen views are specifically made in terms of: the relative importance of crime problems in the jurisdiction; the value of community policing programs; overall satisfaction with the performance of the department; and strategies designed to improve the performance of the department.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology of the study is officer and citizen surveys.FindingsOfficers and citizens significantly differed in their assessment of the importance of specific crime problems in the jurisdiction, the value of community policing programs, the degree to which they were satisfied with the performance of the department, and their assessment of improvement strategies. These differences are discussed within the context of previous literature that has focused on the implementation and continued acceptance of community policing.Research limitations/implicationsFindings are derived from surveys conducted in one jurisdiction. Findings are limited to the degree that citizen/officer views within this jurisdiction differ from those found elsewhere.Originality/valueThe study utilizes seldom‐used concurrent surveys of officers and citizens within a single jurisdiction. The method allows for the direct comparison of police and citizen views. Thus, this paper provides evidence regarding the feasibility of collaboration between police and citizens, and the continued viability of community‐oriented strategies.