bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐fecundity immunity induced in pigs vaccinated with recombinant Schistosoma japonicum 26kDa glutathione‐S‐transferase
Authors: LIU S.X. , SONG G.C. , XU Y.X. , YANG W. , McMANUS D.P. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryWe have recently reported (Liu et al. 1995) that immunization of mice with recombinant 26kDa GST (reSjc26GST) induces a pronounced anti‐fecundity effect after experimental infection with Chinese Schistosoma japonicum. A similar vaccination trial was thus carried out on pigs, important reservoirs for schistosomiasis japonica, using purified, reSjc26GST and reSjp26GST from Schistosoma japonicum with alum as adjuvant; in general, similar results were obtained with the two sources of recombinant 26 kDa GST. Some protection in terms of worm reduction, significant with males, against challenge infection was observed in vaccinated pigs. Moreover, prior to challenge, levels of specific anti‐re26GST antibodies in the vaccinated pigs were significantly higher than in non‐vaccinated pigs as determined by GST‐ELISA. The most striking feature of the vaccine trial was the significant reduction in the number of eggs, especially mature eggs, in the livers of vaccinated animals. The results indicate that immunization with recombinant Sj26GST can provide some reduction in worm burden following exposure of pigs to reinfection with S. japonicum. In addition, reSj26GST can induce an anti‐fecundity effect, thereby reducing pathology, coupled with a delay or interruption of the development of immature to mature eggs in the liver. As a consequence, vaccination with SJ26GST would also prove useful in affecting the transmission of schistosomiasis japonica.
A pilot safety and immunogenicity study of the malaria vaccine SPf66 in Gambian infants
Authors: LEACH AMANDA , DRAKELEY CHRISTOPHER J. , D'ALESSANDRO UMBERTO , FEGAN GREGORY W. , BENNETT STEPHEN , BALLOU W. RIPLEY , TARGETT GEOFFREY A.T. , GREENWOOD BRIAN M. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryA pilot safety and immunogenicity trial of the malaria vaccine SPf66 has been undertaken in 150 Gambian infants. No significant systemic side effects were recorded but modest local reactions were seen after the administration of a third 1.0 mg dose. SPf66 produced in Colombia was more immunogenic than SPf66 produced in the USA and a 1.0 mg dose of each vaccine gave higher antibody levels than a 0.5 mg dose. However, antibody levels fell rapidly after administration of the third dose of vaccine and showed little change over the following malaria transmission season. The incidence of clinical malaria was higher among children who received SPf66 than among children who received inactivated polio vaccine, the effect being most marked among children who received 1.0 mg Colombian SPf66. As the trial was not designed to measure the effect of SPf66 on morbidity from malaria, the significance of this finding is uncertain.
Study of the in vitro activation of the complement alternative pathway by Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid
Authors: FERREIRA ANA M. , WÜRZNER REINHARD , HOBART MICHAEL J. , LACHMANN PETER J. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYIn the present study we have investigated the fluid phase activation of the complement (C) alternative pathway by Echinococcus granulosus sheep hydatid cyst fluid (SHCF) and its higher molecular weight fraction (SHCF‐I) by quantitating the formation of both the terminal C intermediary C5b6 complex and the terminal C complex (TCC). Our results show that in vitro C activation progresses beyond the C5 step suggesting that potentially lytic complexes may be generated in vivo. In addition, SHCF and SHCF‐I glucidic moieties are probably involved in C activation since 80% and 86% of SHCF and SHCF‐I activity respectively was destroyed by period‐ate oxidation. Furthermore, partial deglycosylation with Peptide N‐Glycosidase F of SHCF‐I which had been digested with Pronase E, released an active fraction (MW <14KDa) which bound to Soybean agglutinin, suggesting that N‐linked oligosaccharides containing α‐or β‐linked N‐acetyl galactosamine play a role in C activation by SHCF.,
Active immunization of mice with Schistosoma mansoni worm membrane antigens enhances efficacy of praziquantel
Authors: FALLON PADRAIC G. , DOENHOFF MICHAEL J. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYThe efficacy of praziquantel treatment was significantly enhanced (P < 0.01) in CBA/Ca mice that had been immunized prior to Schistosoma mansoni infection with a crude extract of worm membrane antigens. In Western immunoblots sera from the worm antigen‐immunized animals had a poly specific antibody response, with a 25–27 kDa antigen being reacted against with particular intensity. A molecule of similar size was also recognized by rabbit antisera raised against an antigen with esterase activity that has been previously identified as a sensitive target for drug‐antibody synergy. The increase in efficacy of subcurative doses of praziquantel in immunized animals is attributed to drug‐induced tegumental damage causing antigens to become exposed on the worm surface. Thus, specific antigens, including the 25–27kDa antigen, become accessible to circulating schistosomicidal antibodies. The role of antibodies that can synergize with praziquantel to kill schistosome worms is discussed.,
Calcium influxes and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase activation mediate ethylene inducing ipomoelin gene expression in sweet potato
Authors: CHEN YU‐CHI , LIN HSIN‐HUNG , JENG SHIH‐TONG 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTThe ipomoelin gene (IPO) was identified to be a wound‐inducible gene from Ipomoea batatas, and its expression was stimulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and hydrogen peroxide. IPO protein was also characterized as a defence‐related protein, and it is also a carbohydrate‐binding protein. In this study, the expression of IPO was used as a molecular probe to study the effects of Ca2+ on the signal transduction of ethylene. A confocal microscope monitored the Ca2+ within cells, and Northern blotting examined IPO expression. The presence of Ca2+ channel blocker, including diltiazem, neomycin or ruthenium red, abolished the increase of cytosolic Ca2+, and reduced the IPO expression in the cells induced by ethylene. Furthermore, both Ca2+ influxes and IPO expression stimulated by ethylene were prohibited in the presence of 10 mm ethylene glycol‐bis(2‐aminoethyl ether)‐N, N, N′, N′‐tetraacetic acid (EGTA). These results indicated that Ca2+ influxes into the cytosol induced by ethylene are from both apoplast and organelles, and are required for activating IPO expression. However, in the presence of 1 mm EGTA, ethylene can still stimulate IPO expression, but mechanical wounding failed to do it. Therefore, Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane induced by ethylene have higher affinity to Ca2+ than that stimulated by wounding. Moreover, the addition of A23187, an ionophore, raised cytosolic Ca2+, but was unable to stimulate IPO expression. These findings showed that IPO induction did not solely depend on Ca2+, and Ca2+ elevation in cytosol is necessary but not sufficient for IPO expression. The application of PD98059, a mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) inhibitor, did not prevent Ca2+ from increasing in the cytosol induced by ethylene, but inhibited the IPO expression stimulated by staurosporine (STA), a protein kinase inhibitor. Conclusively, elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ by ethylene may stimulate protein phosphatase and MAPKK, which finally activates IPO expression.
Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome against a human immunodeficiency virus‐positive background: case report
Authors: Gahongayire Françoise 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground  Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS) are forms of primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. They are relatively rare diseases, infrequent in Europe, Asia, and Africa. In Rwanda, they remain very rare. Their etiopathogenesis has long been obscure and poorly understood. Recent studies, however, have confirmed that they are of viral origin, specifically human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Their incidence is low: about three new cases per year per million inhabitants. Individuals affected are usually aged between 40 and 60 years and of male gender. The incidence of SS is less than one new case per year per million inhabitants.Methods  A new case of MF/SS syndrome against a HIV‐positive background is described and a literature review is performed.Results  Clinically, MF is characterized at onset by pruriginous, disseminated, erythematous, scaly plaques, localized on the skin, which gradually become infiltrative. In advanced stages, the nodular lesions can become ulcerated and Sezary cells are detected in the peripheral blood. Our male Rwandan MF/SS/HIV‐positive patient presented with pruriginous, erythematous, scaly lesions, which had developed over 4 years and were now infiltrative, together with nodular lesions of various sizes, localized on the face, scalp, and palmar and plantar regions. All of these clinical signs, the anatomopathologic examination, retroviral serology, and testing of peripheral blood confirmed the diagnosis of MF/SS against a background of immunodepression.Conclusions  MF and SS are relatively rare cutaneous lymphomas, but have been diagnosed in Rwanda against a clinical picture of immunodepression. Their etiology seems to be viral in origin. MF and SS are difficult diseases to diagnose, with confirmation only at advanced stages. No tests exist to aid and confirm the diagnosis in the initial stages of the diseases. Further studies are urgently needed on these diseases.
Some Nigerian plants of dermatologic importance
Authors: Ajose Frances O. A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of the world's population uses medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases and, in African countries, this rate is much higher. In recent years, however, medicinal plants have represented a primary health source for the pharmaceutical industry. No less than 400 compounds derived from plants are currently used in the preparation of drugs, such as vincristine and vinblastine used in the treatment of cancer. Nigerians still depend largely on crude herbal remedies or traditional medicine. They also use wild plants for cosmetics and perfumery. Some of these herbal remedies have been observed to be effective in certain skin diseases.Methods The data were obtained from history questionnaires completed by patients at the Dermatology Clinic, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria, and from oral interviews with vendors and prescribers of herbal preparations at major markets at Lagos and Ijebu‐Ode in south‐west Nigeria, between July 2004 and July 2006. Photographs of plants were taken at private residences at Lagos, Ibadan, and Ijebu‐Ode in south‐west Nigeria. A literature search was conducted on 38 of the plants. The data are presented in tabular form.Results Sixty‐five per cent of patients had applied some form of herbal remedy before attending our clinic. The reasons for consultation included relapses, unsustained relief, incomplete resolution, and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Lesions for which herbs were successfully applied included infantile eczema and seborrhoiec dermatitis, atopic eczema, impetigo, impetiginized eczema, tinea capitis, scabies, erythema multiforme, leg ulcers, localized vitiligo, and sexually transmitted diseases. Partial relief was achieved in dermatophytoses, ichthyosis, leprosy, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Some forms of alopecia, onychomycosis, and vitiligo, as well as allergic dermatoses, were not improved by herbal medicines. The preparation of the remedies was mostly by heating and boiling, infusion, and maceration. In most cases, mixtures of plants or other substances were used. The preparations were applied as poultices, ointments, baths, soaks and soaps, and oral fluids. The plants used includedAdansonia digitata,Aframomum melegueta,Aloe species,Azadirachta indica,Cassia alata,Alstonia boonei,Ficus asperifolia,Cocos nucifera,Jatropha gossypyfolia,Ocimum gratissimum,Ricinus communis. A literature search on 38 of the plants used by herbal prescribers revealed the presence of established antimicrobial agents, immune modulating agents, antioxidants, other vitamins and minerals, volatile oils and emollients, and anti‐inflammatory agents. Some of the plants may be contaminated by mycotoxins because of poor storage.Conclusion There appears to be clinical, scientific, and pharmacologic basis for the use of herbal preparations. Nigeria needs to provide effective coordination of the practice of herbal medicine to ensure safety, standardization, and preservation of the flora.
Donor‐specific antibodies by flow single antigen beads in pediatric living donor kidney transplants: Single center experience
Authors: Roberti Isabel , Vyas Shefali , Pancoska Carol 
Published: October 2007

Abstract: Flow PRA and SAB are now routinely performed to identify HLA antibodies in the recipient sera. The presence of DSA is considered a risk factor for graft failure. However, this risk is not clearly defined. We reviewed all the pediatric recipients of living donor kidney transplants since Flow PRA and Flow SAB became routinely done at our institution. All children had negative CDC and Flow XMs. Comparison of clinical outcome was done between those with and without pretransplant DSA. Six children had positive DSA by Flow SAB. They received thymoglobulin, steroids, tacrolimus, and MMF. Five had anti‐HLA class I antibodies and one anti‐HLA class II. Only one child had an AR. Graft survival: 100% at last visit with GFR >70 mL/min/1.73 m2. A control group without DSA was used for comparison (n = 44). They received our standard protocol: basiliximab, tacrolimus, MMF, and steroids. AR rate was 9%. Both groups had similar follow‐up time, and patient and graft survival rates. In our small series, we saw excellent outcome despite the presence of DSA pretransplant. No unequivocal ideal to establish the ideal immunosuppressive regimen for this cohort of patients has been established and the long‐term outcome of these recipients has not been delineated.
Usefulness and pharmacokinetic study of oral terbinafine for hyperkeratotic type tinea pedis
Authors: Kikuchi Izumi , Tanuma Hiroyuki , Morimoto Kensuke , Kawana Seiji 
Published: October 2007

SummaryTo study and establish an optimal administration method of oral antifungal, terbinafine (TBF), for hyperkeratotic type tinea pedis, from the pharmacokinetic point of view, 20 patients with hyperkeratotic type tinea pedis were given TBF 125 mg once daily for 4 weeks and observed over time for improvement in dermatological symptoms and mycological efficacy. Targeting five of the patients, TBF concentration in the stratum corneum was measured using the liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method. TBF was detected in the stratum corneum of the sole 1 week after beginning the treatment in some cases and reached its peak 1 week after the completion of the treatment with a concentration of 247.8 ng g−1, which was approximately more than 50 times higher than its minimal inhibitory concentration against dermatophytes. TBF was not detected at 8 weeks post‐treatment, although its concentration was 50.73 ng g−1 at 6 weeks post‐treatment. Its effectiveness rate (effective + markedly effective) was 95% (19/20) with no adverse reactions, including abnormal changes in the laboratory test values, in any patient. These results suggest that TBF is a useful drug to treat hyperkeratotic tinea pedis from the pharmacokinetic point of view.
Fohlenrosse und Fruchtresorption***
Authors: Merkt Von H. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:Beobachtungen in der Vollblutzucht ergaben, daß 17 % aller in der Fohlenrosse kon‐zipierenden Stuten im Verlaufe des zweiten Trächtigkeitsmonats eine embryonale Fruchtresorption erlitten. Der Hundertsatz der Resorption sank auf 11 % bei Stuten, die in der ersten, der Fohlenrosse folgenden Brunst aufgenommen hatten, und auf 7%, wenn Stuten mit Fohlen bei Fuß erst nach ein‐ oder mehrmaligem Umrossen konzipiert hatten. Stuten, die sich nicht in Laktation befanden, hatten eine Resorp‐tionsquote von 2%. Es wird u. a. der Schluß gezogen, dafi die Laktation offenbar auf dem Wege eines hormonalen Antagonismus das Entstehen einer Fruchtresorption bei der Stute begiinstigtContents:Embryonic resorptions occuring during the 2nd month of pregnancy were observed in 17 % of thoroughbred mares which had conceived during foaling heat. The percentage of embryonic resorptions was not higher than 11% in mares which conceived during the first heat following foaling heat and decreased to 7% in mares with foal which repeated estrus once or several times before becoming pregnant. In mares without lactation the resorption rate was about 2%. It is hereby concluded that hormonal antagonism due to lactation might favour embryonic resorption in mares.
Untersuchungen über die Beeinflußbarkeit der Sexualsphäre beiin Kaninchen durch das synthetische Progestagen MEGESTROLACETAT
Authors: Arbeiter Von K. , Schumacher A. , Müller Priska 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Nach peroraler Dauermedikation von MAP (synthetisches Progestagen) in der Dosierung von 0,5 bis 0,6 mg/kg/Kgw an weibliche Kaninchen wurde die äußere Brunst sicher, der Ablauf des ovariellen Zyklus hingegen nicht zuverlässig unterdrückt. Der zytologische Status im Vaginalsmear war ohne Aussagewert für die Brunstkontrolle; der Gehalt an Superfizialzellen betrug bei den im Frühjahr behandelten Tieren (Versuchsgruppe I) im Durchschnitt 17,44 %, bei den im Winter therapierten (Versuchgruppe II) 1,6 %. An der Uterusschleimhaut führte die MAP‐Zufuhr zu charakteristischen Veränderungen des Oberflächenepithels in Form synzytialer Zellverbände mit Flirnmerhaarbesatz, die bei den im Frühling behandelten Tieren am überwiegenden Teil des Epithelsaumes, bei den im Winter therapierten Tieren nur vereinzelt zwischen Groβkernzellen nachgewiesen werden konnten.
Orientierende histometrische Untersuchungen an Hoden von Ebern verschiedenen Alters und Gewichts
Authors: Heidrich Von H. J. , Rohlofp D. , Jakubowski H. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Bei histometrischen Untersuchungen an Hoden von 16 Ebern unterschiedlichen Alters und Gewichts wurde festgestellt: 1. Das Hodengewicht der Eber vergröbert sich mit zunehrnendem Alter. 2. Die Leydigzellkerngröβen nehmen mit dem Körpergewicht zu. 3. Der prozentuale Interstitiumanteil wird rnit dem Alter der Tiere gröβer. 4. Mit steigenden Hodengewichten nehmen die Tubulusdurchmesser zu.5. Die Versuchsergebnisse machen deutlich, daβ bei vergleichenden histometrischen Untersuchungen an Eberhoden neben einer gleichmäβigen Fütterung und Haltung möglichst Eber derselben Alters‐ und Gewichtsklasse Verwendung finden sollten.
Östrogene und antigonadotrope Substanzen in Pflanzen und der Einfluß derartiger Stoffe auf die Geschlechtsfunktionen der weiblichen Haustiere
Authors: Kudláč Von E. , Chury J. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Eine Reihe von Pflanzen, die die Grundlagen der Ernährung von Haus‐ und Wildtieren bilden, enthalten Stoffe, die in mehr oder weniger großem Maße einen positiven oder negativen Einfluß auf den Reproduktionsprozeß haben. Nach dent gegenwärtigen Stand der Forschung zählen wir zu den antifertilen Stoffen pflanzlicher Herkunft: 1. Phytoöstrogene, 2. Antiöstrogene, 3. Antigonadotrope Stoffe, 4. Strumatogene Stoffe. Die Menge dieser Stoffe in den Pflanzen ist unterschiedlich und von einer Reihe Faktoren abhängig. Ihre Wirkung auf die Fortpflanzung ist je nach Tierart, Geschlecht, Stadium des Reproduktionszyklus und weiterer Biofaktoren verschieden. Ausdrucksvoll machen sie sich bei weiblichen Tieren mit niedrigem Progesteronspiegel im Organismus bemerkbar. Der Mechanismus über Wirkung und Art der Beeinflussung des Fortpflanzungsprozesses ist noch nicht in allen Richtungen und Details geklärt.Die Phytoöstrogene rufen bei weiblichen Tieren durch die Störungen des Hormongleichgewichtes und der Beziehung zwischen Hypophyse und Ovarien ein hyperöstrogenes Syndrom mit allen Begleiterscheinungen hervor. Die Antiöstrogene blockieren bei weiblichen Tieren die physiologische Wirkung der ovarialen Östrogene und beeinflussen den Rückkopplungsmechanismus zwischen Hypophyse und Ovarium. Die antigonadotropen Stoffe inaktivieren die Gonadotropine in vivo und in vitro. Sie blockieren hauptsächlich den LH‐Anteil und verursachen Störungen der Ovulation. Die strumatogenen. Stoffe beeinflussen direkt die Funktion der Schilddrüse und auf diesem Wege auch indirekt die Produktion der Gonadotropine des Hypophysenvorderlappens, was zu Regulationsstörungen im Geschlechtszyklus führt.
Field Investigations of Causes of Infertility in Buffaloes and Cattle in El Sharkiah Province in U. A. R.
Authors: Barr A. M. , Hashim S. E. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: In der Provinz El Sharkiah der Vereinigten Arabischen Republik wurden 3504 Büffel und 1861 Kühe der Landesrasse, die als unfruchtbar gemeldet waren, klinisch untersucht, um die Ursachen der Sterilität festzustellen.174 Büffel und 186 Kühe erwiesen sich als gravid; bei den restlichen 3330 Büffeln wurden folgende Sterilitätsursachen festgesteflt: 81,74 % Hypofunktion der Ovarien, 12,55 % Corpus luteum persistens; 3,12 % Stillbrünstigkeit; 2,4 % Endometritis, 0,12 % Eierstockszysten.Bei den 1675 Kühen war die prozentuale Verteilung der Sterilitätsursachen ähnlich wie bei den Büffeln.
Ontogenese des Sexualverhaltens von Ziegen*
Authors: Sambraus H. H. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Zahlreiche Jungziegen beiderlei Geschlechts wurden von der Geburt an uber mehrere Wochen beobachtet. Bei Junghöcken im Alter von einem Monat unterscheidet sich das Paarungscerhalten weder ini Bewegungsablauf noch in seiner Intensitat von dem der adulten Tiere. Nach verhaltcnsbiologischen Kriterien beginnt bei männlichen Ziegen bereits jetzt die Geschlecbtsreife, ohwohl die Potentia generandi erst mehrere Monate später erreicht wird. Eine Interpretation dieser Vorgänge als Spiel ist nicht haltbar.
Zur Problematik der Klimaempfindlichkeit bei Haustieren* (VIII): Auswirkungen experimenteller Wärmebelastungen auf Bullen
Authors: Stephan E. , Dycka J. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt In Fortsetzung zweier vorhergegangener Mitteilungen (Stephan, Lorrmann, Dycka 1971, Lorrmann, Dycka, Stephan 1971), in denen die Veränderungen der Ejakulatqualitäten von sechs Bullen unter Wärmebelastung beschrieben wurden, befaβt sich diese dritte Mitteilung mit den Veränderungen der “in vivo” meβbaren Variablen Atmungs‐ und Herzfrequenzen, Rektal‐ und Hauttemperaturen, Haemoglobin‐ und Haematokritwerte, Sauerstoffsättigung und Glukosegehalt des Blutes sowie Serum‐Gesamteiweiβgehalt und Wasseraufnahme. Unter diesen zehn Merkmalen zeigen praktisch nur vier gröβere individuelle Reaktionsunterschiede, nämlich die A t m u n g s f r e q u e n z mit einer zweckmäβigerweise eintretenden Erhöhung, die H e r z f r e q u e n z als im günstigen Falle (Plusvariante) niedrigeres und relativ gleichmäβiges Merkmal, die W a s s e r a u f n a h m e mit einem positiv zu bewertenden niedrigen Niveau und die S a u e r s t o f f s ä t t i g u n g mit höheren Werten der Plusvariante in und nach einer abgelaufenen Wärmebelastung.Contents Following two previous communications, describing changes of the ejaculate quality of six bulls under heat loadings, this third paper shows alterations of the “in vivo” parameters respiration und heart rates, rectal und skin temperatures, hemoglobin und hematocrit values, oxygen saturation und glucose content of the blood, the total serum protein content und water intake. Out of these ten values only four prove practically larger individual differences in the reaction patterns. These are respiration rate (rising as a comfortable reaction), heart rate (with a higher level in the plus variant), water intake (being lower in good reacting animals) und oxygen saturation rate in blood with higher values being comfortable, especially after loadings