bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth retardation and destruction of experimental squamous cell carcinoma by interstitial radioactive wires releasing diffusing alpha‐emitting atoms
Authors: Cooks Tomer , Arazi Lior , Schmidt Michael , Marshak Gideon , Kelson Itzhak , Keisari Yona 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn the present study, we examined the antitumoral effects caused by the release of alpha emitting radioisotopes into solid squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumors. Using a novel method termed DART (Diffusing Alpha‐emitters Radiation Therapy), we assessed the efficacy of short‐lived daughters of 224Ra releasing alpha particles, dispersing in the malignant tissue, to cause tumor growth retardation and destruction. It was carried out using specially designed wires loaded with 224Ra activities in the range of 7–42 kBq in a set of experiments performed on BALB/c and nude mice bearing metastatic SCC tumors derived from either mouse SQ2 or human CAL27 cell lines. The insertion of a DART wire to the center of 6–7 mm primary tumors, retarded tumor growth, reduced lung metastatic load, prolonged life expectancy and in some cases caused tumor eradication. These effects were enhanced either when treating smaller tumors or treating identical tumors with 2 DART wires. Similar experiments on human‐derived SCC tumors in nude mice were consistent with the outcomes of the murine model. Histological assessments revealed the tissue damage pattern, and indicated a role for the tumor vasculature in the dispersion of the atoms and the propagation of the damage. Our findings indicate that Diffusing Alpha‐emitting Radiation Therapy is effective in a model system using SCC primary tumors. The in situ destruction of primary solid tumors by DART is evidently a necessary step toward curing cancer and might be augmented by chemotherapy and other modalities such as immunotherapy or antigrowth factors agents. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Daidzein but not other phytoestrogens preserves bone architecture in ovariectomized female rats in vivo
Authors: Somjen D. , Katzburg S. , Kohen F. , Gayer B. , Livne E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOvariectomy of immature female rats, results in significant decrease of trabecular bone volume and in cortical bone thickness. Previously, we found that estradiol‐17β (E2) restored bone structure of ovariectomized (Ovx) female rats to values obtained in intact sham‐operated female rats. E2 also selectively stimulated creatine kinase (CK) specific activity a hormonal‐genomic activity marker. In the present study, we compared the effects of E2 and the phytoestrogens: daidzein (D), biochainin A (BA), genistein (G), carboxy‐derivative of BA (cBA), and the SERM raloxifene (Ral) in Ovx, on both histological changes of bones and CK, when administered in multiple daily injections for 2.5 months. Bone from Ovx rats, showed significant disrupted architecture of the growth plate, with fewer proliferative cells and less chondroblasts. The metaphysis underneath the growth plate, contained less trabeculae but a significant increased number of adipocytes in the bone marrow. D like E2 and Ral but not G, BA, or cBA, restored the morphology of the tibiae, similar to that of control sham‐operated animals; the bony trabeculeae observed in the primary spongiosa was thicker, with almost no adipocytes in bone marrow. Ovariectomy resulted also in reduced CK, which in both epiphysis and diaphysis was stimulated by all estrogenic compounds tested. In summary, only D stimulated skeletal tissues growth and differentiation as effectively as E2 or Ral, suggesting that under our experimental conditions, D is more effective in reversing menopausal changes than any of the other isolated phytoestrogens which cannot be considered as one entity. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1826–1832, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cathelicidin stimulates colonic mucus synthesis by up‐regulatingMUC1andMUC2expression through a mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway
Authors: Tai Emily K.K. , Wong Helen P.S. , Lam Emily K.Y. , Wu William K.K. , Yu L. , Koo Marcel W.L. , Cho C.H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMucus forms the physical barrier along the gastrointestinal tract. It plays an important role to prevent mucosal damage and inflammation. Our animal study showed that antibacterial peptide ‘cathelicidin’ increased mucus thickness and prevented inflammation in the colon. In the current study, we examined the direct effect and mechanisms by which the peptide increased mucus synthesis in a human colonic cell line (HT‐29). Human cathelicidin (LL‐37) dose‐dependently (10–40 µg/ml) and significantly stimulated mucus synthesis by increasing theD‐[6‐3H] glucosamine incorporation in the cells. Real‐time PCR data showed that addition of LL‐37 induced more than 50% increase inMUC1andMUC2mRNA levels. Treatment withMUC1andMUC2siRNAs normalized the stimulatory action of LL‐37 on mucus synthesis. LL‐37 also activated the phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase in the cells. A specific inhibitor of the MAP kinase pathway, U0126, completely blocked the increase ofMUC1andMUC2expression as well as mucus synthesis by LL‐37. Taken together, LL‐37 can directly stimulate mucus synthesis through activation ofMUC1andMUC2expression and MAP kinase pathway in human colonic cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 251–258, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Constitutive regulation ofCYP1B1by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in pre‐malignant and malignant mammary tissue
Authors: Yang Xinhai , Solomon Sandra , Fraser Lauren R. , Trombino Anthony F. , Liu Donghui , Sonenshein Gail E. , Hestermann Eli V. , Sherr David H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a receptor/transcription factor which regulates cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene transcription and which is activated by environmental carcinogens, some of which are associated with increased breast cancer risk. Here, we show that the AhR is over‐expressed and constitutively active in human and rodent mammary tumors, suggesting its ongoing contribution to tumorigenesis regardless of tumor etiology. AhR regulation ofCYP1A1andCYP1B1was studied to determine if constitutively active AhR effects the same transcriptional outcomes as environmental chemical‐activated AhR. ElevatedAhRandCYP1B1but notCYP1A1before tumor formation in a rat model of mammary tumorigenesis suggested differentialCYP1B1regulation by a constitutively active AhR. This hypothesis was tested with human mammary gland cell lines which hyper‐expressAhRandCYP1B1but which express little or noCYP1A1.CYP1B1expression was diminished by repression of AhR activity or by AhR knockdown, demonstrating AhR control of basalCYP1B1levels. ChIP assays demonstrated constitutive AhR binding to bothCYP1A1andCYP1B1promoters, demonstrating that differentialCYP1A1andCYP1B1regulation by constitutively active AhR does not result from different amounts of promoter‐bound AhR. While increasing AhR binding to bothCYP1A1andCYP1B1, 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin inducedCYP1A1mRNA in both a malignant and non‐malignant line but increased onlyCYP1B1mRNA in the malignant line, again demonstrating that the level of promoter binding does not necessarily correlate with gene mRNA levels. These studies suggest that constitutively active AhR mediates different molecular outcomes than environmental chemical‐activated AhR, and further implicate the AhR in mammary tumorigenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 402–417, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complications and limitations related to periprostatic local anesthesia before TRUS‐guided prostate biopsy
Authors: Turgut Ahmet T. , Ölçücüoğlu Esin , Koşar Pınar , Geyik Pınar Özdemir , Koşar Uğur 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPurposeTo assess the frequency of complications specifically related to local anesthetic infiltration prior to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)‐guided prostate biopsy.MethodsA total of 200 patients receiving 10 cm3 (5 cm3 on each side) of 2% lidocaine injected around the periprostatic nerve plexus under TRUS guidance before prostate biopsy were included. Various complications presumed to be associated with local anesthesia were noted during and after the biopsy procedure. Two weeks later, periprostatic tissue integrity and vascularization were re‐examined with TRUS Doppler examination to assess for fibrosis or infection.ResultsThe most common finding was pain due to puncture with the needle used for local anesthesia (27%). Also recorded were the need for repeated injections during the biopsy procedure (4.5%), symptoms associated with systemic lidocaine toxicity (2%), urinary incontinence (1.5%), and degradation of the image resolution due to anesthetic injection (1%). Increased vascularization within the periprostatic region was uncommon (2%) on the 2‐week follow‐up examination. No TRUS finding consistent with rectal wall hematoma or other periprostatic change and no erectile dysfunction associated with the procedure occurred. There was a significant difference in overall pain scores between the subgroups of patients (p < 0.001).ConclusionTRUS‐guided periprostatic nerve blockade is an effective method for relieving discomfort from prostate biopsy with very few complications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Hexamethylene bisacetamide leads to reduced helper virus‐free HSV‐1 amplicon expression titers via suppression of ICP0
Authors: Burris Clark A. , de Silva Suresh , Narrow Wade C. , Casey Ann E. , Lotta Jr Louis T. , Federoff Howard J. , Bowers William J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐derived amplicon vector has evolved into a promising gene transfer platform for widespread DNA delivery in gene replacement strategies and vaccine development given its ease of molecular manipulation, large transgene capacity, and transduction efficiencies of numerous cell types in vivo. The recent development of helper virus‐free packaging methodologies bodes well for this vector system in its eventual implementation as a clinically viable therapeutic modality. For realization of clinical application, efforts have been made to enhance yields and quality of helper‐free amplicon stocks. Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), a hybrid polar compound that exhibits stimulatory activity of HSV‐1 immediate‐early gene expression, has been employed as a standard reagent in helper virus‐free packaging given its purported mode of action on virus gene expression kinetics. Unexpectedly, we have found that HMBA exhibits no titer‐enhancing activity; in contrast, the compound enhances the proportion of amplicon virions that are non‐expressive. Omission of HMBA during vector packaging led to a marked reduction in the ratios of vector genome‐transducing to transgene‐expressing virions. This effect was neither packaging‐cell‐specific nor amplicon‐promoter‐dependent. Analysis of resultant vector stocks indicated amplicon genome replication/concatenation was unaffected, but the level of particle‐associated ICP0 was reduced in stocks packaged in the presence of HMBA. Inclusion of a co‐transfected, ICP0‐expressing plasmid into the packaging process led to significant rescue of amplicon expression titers, indicating that regulation of ICP0 concentrations is critical for maintenance of the amplicon genome expressive state. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Echo‐planar imaging for MRI evaluation of intrathoracic tumors in murine models of lung cancer
Authors: Bankson James A. , Ji Lin , Ravoori Murali , Han Lin , Kundra Vikas 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of fast cardiac‐ and respiratory‐gated MRI acquisition methods for noninvasive assessment of tumor volume in murine models of lung cancer.Materials and MethodsA total of 21 mice bearing either human small‐cell (N417) or non‐small‐cell (H460) lung tumors were scanned using combinations of respiratory‐gated computed tomography (CT) imaging, cardiac‐ and respiratory‐gated multishot spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging (SE‐EPI), and cardiac‐ and respiratory‐gated spoiled gradient echo (SPGR). Tumor depiction at 4.7T was qualitatively and quantitatively compared with CT and tissue cross sections. MRI‐based measures of tumor volume were compared with ex vivo measurement of tumor mass.ResultsTumors appeared hyperintense on T2‐weighted EPI images, providing positive intrinsic contrast between tumors and surrounding tissues. Tumor boundaries were better distinguished by EPI and SPGR with T1‐reducing contrast enhancement when tumor abutted other tissues than by CT or SPGR without contrast. Tumor volumes measured from EPI images correlate well with ex vivo measurements of tumor mass (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.99) and volume (P < 0.01, r2 = 0.98) over a wide range of tumor sizes.ConclusionRespiratory‐ and cardiac‐gated multishot EPI enables accurate, noninvasive assessment of tumor in murine models of lung cancer using a sequence that requires approximately two minutes to complete. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apparent T2relaxation times of lipid and macromolecules: A study of high‐grade tumor spectra
Authors: Opstad Kirstie S. , Griffiths John R. , Bell B. Anthony , Howe Franklyn A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPurposeTo determine T2relaxation times of lipid and macromolecules (Lip/MMs) observed by1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of metastases (MET) and glioblastomas (GBM), so that they may be better characterized.Materials and Methods1H spectra were acquired at multiple echo times from brain lesions using point‐resolved spectroscopy sequence (PRESS) at TE = 30 msec either with metabolite‐nulling (six GBM and 11 MET), or without metabolite‐nulling (four MET and one mucocele). All lesions were previously untreated and had subsequent histopathological classification.ResultsThe T2of the 1.3‐ppm Lip/MM peak was concentration‐dependent, but at high concentrations it was significantly different (P= 0.015) between GBM (42 ± 6 msec) and MET (63 ± 18 msec). The broad 2.05‐ppm and 0.09‐ppm Lip/MM peaks had similar T2s in MET and GBM. The T2of the narrow 2.05‐ppm Lip/MM peak sometimes observed had a T2of 100 ± 17 msec in MET and 75 msec in the mucocele.ConclusionWe observed significantly higher T2of the 1.3‐ppm Lip/MM peak in MET compared with GBM at high 1.3‐ppm proton concentrations, in agreement with a higher 1.3/0.9‐ppm peak ratio found in MET. The relatively long T2of the 2.05‐ppm Lip/MM peak sometimes observed in MET may cause it to be confused with N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA). J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suspected chronic pancreatitis with normal MRCP: Findings on MRI in correlation with secretin MRCP
Authors: Balci N. Cem , Alkaade Samer , Magas Louis , Momtahen Amir Javad , Burton Frank R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPurposeTo review pancreatic MRI findings and their relationship with estimated pancreatic exocrine function on secretin‐stimulated MR cholangiopancreatography (S‐MRCP) in patients with clinically suspected chronic pancreatitis and normal baseline MRCP findings.Materials and MethodsMRI findings of 26 patients with normal pancreatic duct diameter and without side branch ectasia on MRCP were evaluated. A single radiologist assessed pancreatic size, pancreatic signal intensity ratio (SIR), and arterial enhancement ratio (A/V) at head, body, and tail of the pancreas on T1‐weighted fat‐suppressed and serial contrast‐enhanced images at a single session. Combined findings were graded with a composite score. Serial S‐MRCP was performed at the same session with standard MRI. Correlation and differences between MRI findings and associated grade of duodenal filling (DF) or the degree of pancreatic duct caliber change (PDC) were analyzed.ResultsSeven patients revealed normal and 19 patients abnormal MRI findings. Significant correlation was present between the degree of DF and mean values of pancreatic size (r = 0.748), SIR (r = 0.610), A/V (r = 0.466), composite score (r = 0.833), and PDC (r = 0.554) separately. PDC correlated with SIR (r = 0.413) and composite score (r = 0.452), but not with A/V or pancreatic size. Significant differences were present between normal and abnormal DF grades in terms of mean values of associated findings of size (P = 0.001), SIR (P = 0.008), A/V (P = 0.019), and PDC (P = 0.001).ConclusionPatients with clinically suspected chronic pancreatitis and normal MRCP findings may have a spectrum of MRI findings that correlate with the estimated pancreatic exocrine insufficiency on S‐MRCP with the increasing number of combined findings. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased plasma membrane localization of O‐glycosylation‐deficient mutant of synaptotagmin I in PC12 cells
Authors: Kanno Eiko , Fukuda Mitsunori 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSynaptotagmin I (Syt I) is a Ca2+‐binding protein on synaptic vesicles and presumably functions as a Ca2+ sensor for neurotransmitter release. Native Syt I protein in neuroendocrine PC12 cells undergoes several posttranslational modifications, such as O‐glycosylation, N‐glycosylation, and fatty acylation, and the latter two modifications have been shown to be required for the proper function of murine Syt I in PC12 cells. However, nothing is known about the physiological significance of the O‐glycosylation of Syt I in dense‐core vesicle exocytosis in PC12 cells. In this study, we created an O‐glycosylation‐deficient mutant (named TA = T15A/T16A) and an N‐glycosylation‐deficient mutant of Syt I (named T26A) and investigated their subcellular distribution in Syt I‐deficient PC12 cells, where other Syt isoforms (e.g., IV and IX) and other membrane trafficking proteins (e.g., Rab27A, SNAP‐25, syntaxin‐1, and VAMP‐2) are normally expressed. We found that some cells expressing high level of recombinant wild‐type (WT) Syt I protein show mistargeting of Syt I(WT) protein to the plasma membrane, whereas most of the cells show normal dense‐core vesicle localization of Syt I(WT) protein. Similar mistargeting was also observed in cells expressing high levels of the Syt I(T26A) and Syt I(TA) mutants, but the mistargeting of the Syt I(TA) mutant to the plasma membrane was much more evident than with the Syt I(WT) or (T26A) mutant. The results indicate that O‐glycosylation, not N‐glycosylation, is partially involved in efficient targeting of Syt I protein to dense‐core vesicles in PC12 cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) mediates neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth
Authors: Wang Lingyan , Li Shitao , Jungalwala Firoze B. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays a crucial role in several disease processes, such as diabetes, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. In this article we report multiple roles of RAGE in neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth. In retinoic‐induced P19 embryonic carcinoma stem cells, silencing the expression of RAGE by RNA interference (RNAi) blocked differentiation of the P19 cells into neuronal cells and enhanced the formation of vimentin‐positive fibroblast‐like cells. RAGE knockdown inhibited retinoic acid–induced activation and blocked nuclear translocation of NF‐κB, suggesting RAGE regulates activation of NF‐κB. RAGE was also shown to be involved in survival of P19 cells during retinoic acid differentiation. Additionally, knockdown of RAGE strongly inhibited neurite outgrowth in retinoic acid–differentiated P19 cells, indicating that RAGE is required for neurite outgrowth of differentiated P19 cells. Retinoic acid–treated P19 cells activated GTPases, Rac1, and Cdc42. This activation of the GTPases was inhibited in RAGE‐knockdown cells. In primary cerebellar granule neurons, the knockdown of RAGE also inhibited neurite outgrowth. In these cells, overexpression of dominant‐negative forms of Rac1 and Cdc42 inhibited neurite outgrowth, whereas overexpression of constitutively active forms of Rac1 and Cdc42 in RAGE‐deficient neurons restored neurite outgrowth, indicating that RAGE mediated neurite outgrowth through the Rac1/Cdc42 pathway. This is the first report on the role of RAGE in cell lines and primary neurons, as determined by RNAi knockdown. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytoarchitectonics and afferent/efferent reorganization of neurons in layers II and III of the lateral entorhinal cortex in the mouse pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Ma Dong Liang , Tang Yong Cheng , Tang Feng Ru 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWith the mouse pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), we showed a progressive loss of both principal cells and calbindin (CB)‐, calretinin (CR)‐, and parvalbumin (PV)‐immunopositive interneurons in layers II–III of lateral entorhinal cortex (LEnt) from 2 months to 1 year after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (PISE). In the efferent pathway of LEnt, more Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L)‐labelled en passant and terminal boutons with larger diameters were shown in the hippocampus and subiculum; in the prefrontal, piriform, and perirhinal cortices; and in the amygdaloid complex in experimental mice at the two time points compared with the control after iontophoretical injection of an anterograde tracer PHA‐L into the LEnt. Furthermore, the numbers of CB‐ or CR‐immunopositive neurons contacted by PHA‐L‐labelled en passant and terminal boutons decreased in most of these areas at 2 months or 1 year after PISE. In the afferent pathway of LEnt, the numbers of retrogradely labelled neurons were reduced significantly in the ipsilateral piriform cortex and endopiriform nucleus at 2 months and 1 year and in the reuniens thalamic nucleus only at 1 year after injection of a retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) into the LEnt. The percentages of the number of CTB and CB or CR double‐labelled neurons of all the retrogradely labelled neurons were also decreased in the reunions thalamic nucleus at 1 year after PISE. It is concluded that both cytoarchitectonic change and reorganization of afferent and efferent pathways in LEnt may be involved in the occurrence of TLE. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of Raman spectroscopy in the research on sp‐hybridized carbon chains: carbynoid structures polyynes and metal polyynides
Authors: Cataldo Franco 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper is an account of the author's works on the synthesis of carbynoid structures through the Glaser and the Cadiot‐Chodkiewicz reactions. Related topics are covered, such as the synthesis of the polyynes in solution with the submerged electric arc technique or with an improved use of the Glaser synthesis. The isolation of polyyne chains in the solid state as stable solids, i.e. as copper or silver complexes called polyynides, is covered as well. In all these research works, the Raman spectroscopy emerges as a powerful and indispensable tool for the characterization of such molecules and materials.The use of Raman spectroscopy in combination with solid‐state 13C‐NMR showed that the carbonaceous solids produced in the early attempts of carbyne synthesis were not made of pure carbyne as desired and as claimed in the past, but consisted of three types of hybridized carbon atoms simultaneously present in the solid: the sp, sp2 and sp3. In such carbonaceous solids, the sp structures are called carbynoid structures. The reason for the formation of these mixed forms of carbon was ascribed to the fact that the carbon chains are not stable and in the solid state they tend to cross‐link forming in fact sp2‐ and sp3‐carbon atoms from the original sp‐hybridized carbon atoms.Polyynes are easily accessible through the submerged carbon‐arc synthesis or alternatively, with the laser ablation of graphite particles submerged in an opportune solvent. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful tool to record the spectra of these molecules in dilute solutions. The best SERS spectra were recorded by using colloidal silver nanoparticles.However, polyynes can be complexed with copper or silver to form polymeric derivatives called polyynides. In this way, the polyyne chains are stabilized in air at room temperature and beautiful Raman spectra have been recorded showing the triple bonds stretching bands. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.