bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT trachea surface roughness is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptoms
Authors: Bartlett Jason T , Hogg James C , Bourbeau Jean , Tan Wan C , Kirby Miranda 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Trachea structural abnormalities occur in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet there are few methods for quantifying trachea surface topology.

Purpose
To develop a method to quantify trachea surface roughness on CT imaging and investigate the association with airflow limitation and symptoms in COPD.

Materials and Methods
Participants from the multicenter prospective Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease study between 2009 and 2015 underwent CT imaging and analysis. Established CT measurements included: tracheal index (TI), defined as the smallest ratio of coronal-to-sagittal trachea diameter, low attenuation areas below –950 HU, and wall thickness of a theoretical 10-mm airway. Trachea surface roughness shape (SRS) was calculated as the percent fraction of the measurement box filled by the surface mesh. Multivariable regression models were used to determine association for CT measurements with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), and Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (MRC)≥3, adjusting for covariates.

Results
A total of 1253 participants (mean age, 66 ± 10 years; 727 men) from 9 centers were investigated: n = 267 never smokers, n = 369 ever smokers, n = 352 mild COPD, and n = 265 moderate-to-severe COPD. There were no differences between groups for age or race (P &lt; .05). In models including SRS and TI, a 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in SRS was independently associated with a 0.11-SD decrease in FEV1 (β = –0.11; P &lt; .001) and a 0.16-SD decrease in FEV1/FVC (β = –0.16; P &lt; .001); a 1-point increase in SRS was associated with a 13% increased likelihood of MRC ≥ 3 (odds ratio = 1.13; P = .003). In models including SRS, low attenuation areas below –950 HU and wall thickness of a theoretical 10-mm airway, a 1-SD increase in SRS was associated with a 0.21-SD decrease in FEV1 (β = –0.21; P &lt; .001) and a 0.13-SD decrease in FEV1/FVC (β = –0.13; P &lt; .001); a 1-point increase in SRS was associated with a 12% increased likelihood of MRC ≥ 3 (odds ratio = 1.12; P = .006).

Conclusion
Increased trachea surface shape roughness is independently associated with worse airflow and increased symptom burden in COPD.
Explainable AI to identify radiographic features of pulmonary edema
Authors: Danilov Viacheslav V , Makoveev Anton O , Proutski Alex , Ryndova Irina , Karpovsky Alex , Gankin Yuriy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary edema is a leading cause for requiring hospitalization in patients with congestive heart failure. Assessing the severity of this condition with radiological imaging becomes paramount in determining the optimal course of patient care.

Purpose
This study aimed to develop a deep learning methodology for the identification of radiographic features associated with pulmonary edema.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective study used a dataset from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database comprising 1000 chest radiograph images from 741 patients with suspected pulmonary edema. The images were annotated by an experienced radiologist, who labeled radiographic manifestations of cephalization, Kerley lines, pleural effusion, bat wings, and infiltrate features of edema. The proposed methodology involves 2 consecutive stages: lung segmentation and edema feature localization. The segmentation stage is implemented using an ensemble of 3 networks. In the subsequent localization stage, we evaluated 8 object detection networks, assessing their performance with average precision (AP) and mean AP.

Results
Effusion, infiltrate, and bat wing features were best detected by the Side-Aware Boundary Localization (SABL) network with corresponding APs of 0.599, 0.395, and 0.926, respectively. Furthermore, SABL achieved the highest overall mean AP of 0.568. The Cascade Region Proposal Network network attained the highest AP of 0.417 for Kerley lines and the Probabilistic Anchor Assignment network achieved the highest AP of 0.533 for cephalization.

Conclusion
The proposed methodology, with the application of SABL, Cascade Region Proposal Network, and Probabilistic Anchor Assignment detection networks, is accurate and efficient in localizing and identifying pulmonary edema features and is therefore a promising diagnostic candidate for interpretable severity assessment of pulmonary edema.
A Theory of the Term Structure of Interest Rates under Limited Household Risk Sharing
Authors: Mitra Indrajit , Xu Yu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a theory in which the interaction between limited sharing of idiosyncratic labor income risk and labor adjustment costs (that endogenously arise through search frictions) determines interest rate dynamics. In the general equilibrium, the interaction of these two ingredients relates bond risk premiums, cross-sectional skewness of income growth, and labor market tightness. Our model rationalizes an upward-sloping average yield curve and predicts a negative relation between labor market tightness and bond risk premiums. We provide evidence for our theory’s mechanism and predictions.
Fractional Trading
Authors: Da Zhi , Fang Vivian W , Lin Wenwei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fractional trading (FT)—the ability to trade less than a whole share—removes barriers to high-priced stocks and facilitates entry by capital-constrained retail investors. We observe a surge of tiny trades, measured using off-exchange one-share trades, among high-priced stocks compared to low-priced stocks after FT is introduced to the U.S. equity markets. These tiny trades, when coordinated during attention-grabbing events, are forceful enough to exert large price pressure on high-priced stocks. Further evidence suggests that FT can even fuel meme-stock-like trading frenzies and bubbles in high-priced stocks, for which the feedback effect likely plays a role. (JEL G10, G12, G14, G18, G32, G41)
Genetic prediction of modifiable lifestyle factors for erectile dysfunction
Authors: Xi Yu-Jia , Feng Yi-Ge , Bai Ya-Qi , Wen Rui , Zhang He-Yi , Su Qin-Yi , Guo Qiang , Li Cheng-Yong , Wang Zhen-Xing , Pei Liang , Zhang Sheng-Xiao , Wang Jing-Qi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The causal relationship between certain lifestyle factors and erectile dysfunction (ED) is still uncertain.

Aim
The study sought to investigate the causal effect of 9 life factors on ED through 2-sample single-variable Mendelian randomization (SVMR) and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR).

Methods
Genetic instruments to proxy 9 risk factors were identified by genome-wide association studies. The genome-wide association studies estimated the connection of these genetic variants with ED risk (n = 223 805). We conducted SVMR, inverse variance-weighting, Cochran’s Q, weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO (Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier), and MVMR analyses to explore the total and direct relationship between life factors and ED.

Outcomes
The primary outcome was defined as self or physician-reported ED, or using oral ED medication, or a history of surgery related to ED.

Results
In SVMR analyses, suggestive associations with increased the risk of ED were noted for ever smoked (odds ratio [OR], 5.894; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.469 to 3.079; P = .008), alcohol consumption (OR, 1.495; 95% CI, 0.044 to 0.760; P = .028) and body mass index (BMI) (OR, 1.177; 95% CI, 0.057 to 0.268; P = .003). Earlier age at first intercourse was significantly related to reduced ED risk (OR, 0.659; 95% CI, −0.592 to −0.244; P = 2.5 × 10−6). No strong evidence was found for the effect of coffee intake, time spent driving, physical activity, and leisure sedentary behaviors on the incidence of ED (All P &gt; .05). The result of MVMR analysis for BMI (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.25; P = .045) and earlier age at first intercourse (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.99; P = .018) provided suggestive evidence for the direct impact on ED, while no causal factor was detected for alcoholic drinks per week and ever smoked.

Clinical implications
This study provides evidence for the impact of certain modifiable lifestyle factors on the development of ED.

Strengths and limitations
We performed both SVMR and MVMR to strengthen the causal relationship between exposures and outcomes. However, the population in this study was limited to European ancestry.

Conclusion
Ever smoked, alcoholic drinks per week, BMI, and age first had sexual intercourse were causally related to ED, while the potential connection between coffee intake, physical activity, recreational sedentary habits, and increased risk of ED needs to be further confirmed.
Advances in 3D Bioprinted Cardiac Tissue Using Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Bliley Jacqueline M , Stang Maria A , Behre Anne , Feinberg Adam W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The ultimate goal of cardiac tissue engineering is to generate new muscle to repair or replace the damaged heart. This requires advances in stem cell technologies to differentiate billions of cardiomyocytes, together with advanced biofabrication approaches such as 3D bioprinting to achieve the requisite structure and contractile function. In this concise review, we cover recent progress in 3D bioprinting of cardiac tissue using pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, key design criteria for engineering aligned cardiac tissues, and ongoing challenges in the field that must be addressed to realize this goal.
Teaming Up for Community Health Simulation Intervention: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Powers Kelly , Brandon Jamie , Chen Fei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this study was to examine whether participating in a team-based simulation intervention would improve nursing students’ empathy and commitment to addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) and interprofessional teamwork attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Outcomes were compared for intraprofessional versus interprofessional team participation.

BACKGROUND
Nursing students must learn strategies to address SDOH, but this content is not well integrated in curricula. Teaming Up for Community Health was created to provide SDOH experiential team learning.

METHOD
Eighty-five nursing students participated in the intraprofessional comparison group or interprofessional intervention group. Surveys were completed before and after the intervention and two months later.

RESULTS
Participants had heightened empathy and commitment to addressing SDOH at baseline. Interprofessional teamwork beliefs and behaviors improved for both groups.

CONCLUSION
Experiential learning about SDOH should focus on improving students’ self-confidence and performance. Based on the study results, experiential team learning should be threaded through curricula.
Scoliosis Research Society-22r and Ceiling Effects
Authors: Stone Lauren E. , Ames Christopher P. , Pellise Ferran , Newton Peter O. , Upasani Vidyadhar V. ,   Harms Study Group, Kelly Michael P. 
Published: March 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective registry analysis.

Objective.
To examine predictions of individual Scoliosis Research Society-22r (SRS-22r) questions one year after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background Data.
A precision-medicine approach to AIS surgery will inform patients of the likelihood of achieving particular results from surgery, specifically individual responses to the SRS-22r questionnaire.

Methods.
A multicenter AIS registry was queried for surgical AIS patients treated between 2002 and 2020. Preoperative data collected included standard demographic data, deformity descriptive data, and SRS-22r scores. Postoperative one-year SRS-22r scores were modeled using ordinal logistic regression. The highest probability was the most likely response. Model performance was examined by c-statistics, where c>0.8 was considered excellent. Ceiling effects were measured by the proportion of patients reporting “5” to each question.

Results.
A total of 3251 patients contributed data to the study; mean age 14.4 (±2.2) years, female 2631 (81%), major thoracic coronal curve 53°, mean lumbar 41°. C-statistic values ranged from 0.6 (poor) to 0.8 (excellent), evidence of varied predictive capabilities. Q17 (“days off work/school,” c = 0.84, ceiling achieved 75%) and Q15 (“financial difficulties,” c = 0.86, ceiling achieved 82%) had the greatest predictive capabilities while Q11 (“pain medication,” c=0.73, ceiling achieved 67%), Q10 (“appearance,” c=0.72, ceiling achieved 35%), and Q19 (“attractive,” c=0.69, ceiling achieved 37%) performed poorly.

Conclusions.
Prediction of individual SRS-22r item responses, perhaps most germane to AIS treatment, was poor. The prediction of less relevant outcomes, where ceiling effects are present, was greater as the models chose “5” for all responses. These ceiling effects may limit discrimination and hamper efforts at personalized outcome predictions.

Level of Evidence:
Level 3.
Variation in Use of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in Critically Ill Patients Across the United States
Authors: Feeney Megan E. , Law Anica C. , Walkey Allan J. , Bosch Nicholas A. 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To describe practice patterns surrounding the use of medications to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD) in critically ill patients.

DESIGN:
Retrospective, multicenter, observational study using the Premier AI Healthcare Database.

SETTING:
The study was conducted in U.S. ICUs.

PATIENTS:
Adult (≥ 18 yr old) patients with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) admitted to an ICU between 2016 and 2020.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of 108,189 ICU patients (658 hospitals) with a history of OUD, 20,508 patients (19.0%) received MOUD. Of patients receiving MOUD, 13,745 (67.0%) received methadone, 2,950 (14.4%) received buprenorphine, and 4,227 (20.6%) received buprenorphine/naloxone. MOUD use occurred in 37.9% of patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation. The median day of MOUD initiation was hospital day 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–3) and the median duration of MOUD use was 4 days (IQR 2–8). MOUD use per hospital was highly variable (median 16.0%; IQR 10–24; range, 0–70.0%); admitting hospital explained 8.9% of variation in MOUD use. A primary admitting diagnosis of unintentional poisoning (aOR 0.41; 95% CI, 0.38–0.45), presence of an additional substance use disorder (aOR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.64–0.68), and factors indicating greater severity of illness were associated with reduced odds of receiving MOUD in the ICU.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a large multicenter, retrospective study, there was large variation in the use of MOUD among ICU patients with a history of OUD. These results inform future studies seeking to optimize the approach to MOUD use during critical illness.
Persistent HIV-1 transcription during ART: time to reassess its significance?
Authors: Fombellida-Lopez Céline , Berkhout Ben , Darcis Gilles , Pasternak Alexander O. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
Despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-1 reservoirs persist and reignite viral replication if therapy is interrupted. Persistence of the viral reservoir in people with HIV-1 (PWH) is the main obstacle to an HIV-1 cure. The reservoirs are not transcriptionally silent, and viral transcripts can be detected in most ART-treated individuals. Here, we review the recent progress in the characterization of persistent HIV-1 transcription during ART.

Recent findings
Evidence from several studies indicates that, although cell-associated unspliced (US) HIV-1 RNA is abundantly expressed in ART-treated PWH, intact full-length US transcripts are rare and most US RNA is derived from defective proviruses. The transcription- and translation-competent defective proviruses, previously considered irrelevant, are increasingly being linked to residual HIV-1 pathogenesis under suppressive ART. Recent data suggest a continuous crosstalk between the residual HIV-1 activity under ART and the immune system. Persistent HIV-1 transcription on ART, despite being mostly derived from defective proviruses, predicts viral rebound upon therapy interruption, suggesting its role as an indicator of the strength of the host antiviral immune response that is shaping the viral rebound.

Summary
In light of the recent findings, the significance of persistent HIV-1 transcription during ART for the long-term health of PWH and the cure research should be reassessed.
Nurse-Led Cardiac Rehabilitation Care Coordination Program
Authors: Boggess Kristi , Hayes Emily , Duffy Mary “Lizzie” , Indranoi Chayawat , Sorey Andrew B. , Blaine Tamara , McKeon Leslie 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of automated cardiac rehabilitation (CR) referral and nurse care coordination on patient and program outcomes. Specifically, the aim was to identify whether differences exist in physical and psychological function at CR Phase 2 enrollment and completion and CR Phase 2 participation and completion for hospitalized patients who receive in-person CR nurse visits versus phone consultation. Using a retrospective pre-/post-intervention descriptive design, a purposive sampling technique was used to select groups with matching clinical attributes. Dates were selected to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on CR program enrollment and completion.

Methods:
Data were abstracted from the patient electronic medical record, telemetry documentation, and CR referral tracking tool. Patient descriptors included age, sex, cardiac diagnosis/procedure (post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery, myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, heart failure, and aortic valve repair and replacement) and cardiac risk stratification category. Patient functional outcomes included the 6-min walk test and metabolic equivalents of task levels for functional capacity; psychological function was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire assessment. Program outcomes included discharge to CR Phase 2 enrollment, CR sessions, and completion.

Results:
Each group had 52 patients. Age was 64 ± 12 yr, 68% were male. Perhaps indications for CR included coronary artery bypass graft surgery (44%), myocardial infarction (19%), percutaneous coronary intervention (20%), heart failure (10%), aortic valve repair and replacement (8%). Cardiac risk was low in 30%, intermediate in 65%, and high in 5%. The post-intervention group compared with the pre-intervention group had a shorter discharge to CR Phase 2 enrollment (35 ± 18 d vs 41 ± 28 d, P= .078) and significantly fewer sessions required for CR completion.

Conclusion:
Automated CR referral and nurse care coordination visits for hospitalized patients decreased the transition period between CR Phase 1 and 2. Patients were physically and psychologically prepared for earlier CR Phase 2 enrollment and successfully completed the program in fewer days than the pre-intervention group.
PREDNISOLONE EYE DROPS AS A POTENTIAL TREATMENT IN NONNEOVASCULAR PACHYCHOROID-RELATED DISEASES
Authors: van den Tillaart Femke M. , Temmerman Irene M. , Hartgers Franca , Yzer Suzanne 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the functional and structural outcomes after treatment with prednisolone eye drops in the following pachychoroid-related diseases: chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, and peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, 54 eyes of 48 patients with pachychoroid-related disease were treated with prednisolone acetate 1% eye drops 3 times a day. Change in macular volume and retinal central subfield thickness on optical coherence tomography was measured. In addition, the foveal or complete resolution of fluid and the change in visual acuity were studied.

Results:
The follow-up visit was at a mean of 41.2 ± 14.5 days. In the 44 eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, a significant reduction in retinal central subfield thickness (P < 0.001) and macular volume (P < 0.001) was observed. Foveal intra- or subretinal fluid resolved completely in 22% of the eyes. In the 8 peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome eyes, a reduction in the nasal retinal thickness was observed (P = 0.025). One of the 2 pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy eyes showed structural improvement. No significant change in visual acuity was observed in any of the pachychoroid spectrum diseases.

Conclusion:
In patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, and pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, anatomical improvement was observed after therapy with prednisolone eye drops. Visual acuity did not change significantly.
Music during cataract surgery: effect on anxiety
Authors: Rivera Paola A. , Linderman Wendy L. , Miguez Sofia , Chow Jessica , DeBroff Brian , Diaz Vicente 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To determine the effect of playing patient-selected music intraoperatively on patient self-reported anxiety and the amount of sedative administered during cataract surgery.

Setting:
Yale New Haven Hospital health system, New Haven, Connecticut.

Design:
Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Methods:
Patients were randomized to either a music group or a control group, which had no music played. Patients were blinded to the purpose of the study. On postoperative day 1, patients were consented to participate in the study and asked to complete a 6-question Likert-style survey (modified from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) assessing anxiety at baseline and during surgery. Patients' intraoperative and postoperative vitals were recorded. The medication, dosage, and number of sedative injections given were also recorded. Paired t tests were used to assess for significant differences between the 2 groups.

Results:
107 patients (mean age 71.2 years) were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference in baseline anxiety between the 2 groups. Patients randomized to the music group had significantly lower total self-reported anxiety (mean 5.98) than the control group (mean 7.13, P = .006). Moreover, patients exposed to music felt significantly less frightened, nervous, and confused during surgery (P = .002, .007, and 0.017, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups in number and dosage of sedatives given.

Conclusions:
Playing patient-selected music during cataract surgery is an effective way to decrease anxiety. Music directly affects patient experience and is an inexpensive, low-risk method of reducing patient anxiety during surgery.