bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The purpose and function of humour in health, health care and nursing: a narrative review
Authors: McCreaddie May , Wiggins Sally 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTitle.  The purpose and function of humour in health, health care and nursing: a narrative review Aim.  This paper is a report of a review conducted to identify, critically analyse and synthesize the humour literature across a number of fields related to health, health care and nursing.Background.  The humour–health hypothesis suggests that there is a positive link between humour and health. Humour has been a focus of much contention and deliberation for centuries, with three theories dominating the field: the superiority or tendentious theory, the incongruity theory and the relief theory.Data sources.  A comprehensive literature search was carried out in January 2007 using a number of databases, keywords, manual recursive searching and journal alerts (January 1980–2007) cross‐referenced with the bibliographic databases of the International Society of Humor Studies. An inclusion and exclusion criterion was identified.Review methods.  A narrative review of evidence‐ and non‐evidence‐based papers was conducted, using a relevant methodological framework with additional scrutiny of secondary data sources in the latter. Humour theories, incorporating definition, process and impact constituted a significant part of the appraisal process.Results.  A total of 1630 papers were identified, with 220 fully sourced and 88 included in the final review. There is a dearth of humour research within nursing yet, ironically, an abundance of non‐evidence‐based opinion citing prerequisites and exclusion zones. Examination of physician–patient interaction and the humour–health hypothesis demonstrates that use of humour by patients is both challenging and revealing, particularly with regard to self‐deprecating humour.Conclusion.  Nurses and nursing should adopt a circumspect and evidenced‐based approach to humour use in their work.
The empathetic response in nurses who treat pain: concept analysis
Authors: Campbell‐Yeo Marsha , Latimer Margot , Johnston Céleste 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTitle.  The empathetic response in nurses who treat pain: concept analysis Aim. This paper is a report of a concept analysis of empathy.Background. It is widely accepted that an empathetic response is necessary for nurses to deliver adequate pain relief and therapeutic care. Previous work suggests that empathy is a learned behaviour, and thus can be blocked if necessary to diminish personal distress.Methods. A computerized search of the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases from 1980 to 2007 was conducted, using the keywords pain and empathy, both alone and in combination. Similar concepts such as sympathy, caring and compathy were included if the database distinguished between these concepts. Twenty‐five relevant articles were reviewed and Rodgers evolutionary concept analysis process was used to clarify the concept.Findings. The recent observation that a mirror‐like neural response occurs in the brain of a person witnessing another in pain provides compelling evidence that empathetic arousal may occur independent of the previously described attributes of prior experience or learned cognitive appraisal.Conclusion. While the empathetic response of care providers plays a central role in the recognition and treatment of pain, nurses are taught that regulation of this response is important to protect themselves against the traumatic effects of seeing patients in pain. However, there is emerging evidence that some elements of empathetic arousal are autonomic and therefore unable to be fully controlled; this may have important implications for nurses’ vulnerability.
Acknowledging communication: a milieu‐therapeutic approach in mental health care
Authors: Vatne Solfrid , Hoem Elisabeth 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTitle.  Acknowledging communication: a milieu‐therapeutic approach in mental health care Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to develop milieu therapists’ acknowledging communication in their relationships with patients.Background.  Gunderson’s therapeutic processes in milieu therapy have come into use in a broad range of mental health contexts in many countries. Research in nursing indicates that validation needs a more concrete development for use in clinical work.Methods.  Schibbye’s theory, ‘Intersubjective relational understanding’, formed the theoretical foundation for a participatory action research project in 2004–2005. The data comprised the researcher’s process notes written during participation in the group of group leaders every second week over a period of 18 months, clinical narratives presented by participants in the same group, and eight qualitative interviews of members of the reflection group.Findings.  The core concept in acknowledging communication, mutuality, was described as inter‐subjective sharing of feelings and beliefs in a respectful way. Participants presented their process of development as a movement from knowing what was best for the patient (acknowledging patients as competent persons, a milieu‐therapy culture based on conformity), to appreciating diversity and stubborn talk, to reflective wondering questions. Misunderstanding of acknowledgement occurred, for instance, in the form of always being supportive and affirmative towards patients.Conclusion.  The concrete approaches in acknowledging communication presented in this article could be a fruitful basis for educating in and developing milieu therapy, both for nursing and in a multi‐professional approach in clinical practice and educational institutions. Future research should focus on broader development of various areas of acknowledging communication in practice, and should also include patients’ experiences of such approaches.
Childhood growth and cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stressors in late adulthood
Authors: Feldt K. , Räikkönen K. , Eriksson J. G. , Andersson S. , Osmond C. , Barker D. J. P. , Phillips D. I. W. , Kajantie E. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract.Objective.  Specific childhood growth patterns relate to risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease later in life, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We studied whether CV reactivity, a predictor of CV disease risk, is associated with childhood growth trajectories.Methods.  A total of 144 (77 women and 67 men) participants of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study born 1934–1944, whose height and weight were recorded repeatedly during the first 11 years, underwent the Trier Social Stress Test at the average age of 63 years. Beat‐to‐beat blood pressure was monitored via noninvasive finger photoplethysmograph (Finometer®), and CV reactivity scores were determined as the mean increment from baseline.Results.  In both women and men, systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity increased by 3.8 mmHg (95% CI 0.8–6.9) and diastolic BP (DBP) reactivity by 1.4 mmHg (95% CI 0.0–2.8) for every standard deviation increase in gain in body mass index (kg m−2) between 7 and 11 years. By contrast, effects of height gain were dissimilar between sexes. In women, higher DBP reactivity was associated with a slow gain in height between 0 and 2 years, whilst in men higher SBP reactivity was associated with a slow gain in height between 2 and 7 years, which was preceded by a more rapid gain in height between 0 and 2 years. Adjusting for adult body size, body size at birth or childhood socio‐economic status did not change the results.Conclusions.  We found that growth during childhood is associated with CV reactivity to stress later in adulthood. Early life programming of CV reactivity may partly underlie the link between early growth and CV disease.
Relationships between lipoprotein components and risk of myocardial infarction: age, gender and short versus longer follow‐up periods in the Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk study (AMORIS)
Authors: Holme I. , Aastveit A. H. , Jungner I. , Walldius G. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract.Objectives.  Examine and compare lipoprotein components associated with fatal and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by time period in the Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk (AMORIS) Study.Design.  Prospective follow‐up study of nonfatal and fatal myocardial infarction through linkage with Swedish hospital discharge and Swedish mortality registers.Setting.  Measurements of lipoprotein components from health check‐ups in the larger Stockholm area.Subjects.  The AMORIS subjects (n = 149 121) free of AMI at blood sampling were followed from 1985 to 2002 with respect to n = 6794 first cases of AMI.Results.  Hazard ratios of nonfatal and fatal AMI by lipoprotein parameters were highly significant and about equally strong in both genders. Apolipoprotein B (apoB), nonhigh density cholesterol and low density cholesterol predicted nonfatal AMI (NFAMI) better than fatal AMI, but high density cholesterol or apolipoprotein A‐1 did not. Atherogenic components were weaker predictors after 1997 than before. In multivariate analyses apoB/apoA‐1 was a better predictor than TC/HDL‐C. ApoB/apoA‐1 added clinically significant information to TC/HDL‐C in men as reflected by a net reclassification improvement (NRI) of 9.4% (P < 0.0001).Conclusion.  ApoB, apoB/apoA‐1 and non‐HDL‐C were found about equally predictive with LDL‐C being slightly less, but multivariate analyses showed apoB/apoA‐1 to be the strongest predictor. Attenuation of prediction ability between nonfatal and fatal AMI may be due to modern treatment of CHD after a NFAMI and attenuation of hazard ratios after 1997 may be due to selection of lower risk subjects surviving to 1997.
Fluticasone and ibuprofen do not add to the effect of salmeterol on organic dust‐induced airway inflammation and bronchial hyper‐responsiveness
Authors: Strandberg K. , Ek A. , Palmberg L. , Larsson K. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract.Background.  Exposure in a pig house causes airway inflammation and bronchial hyper‐responsiveness which are not influenced by anti‐asthma drugs, including a β2‐agonist (salmeterol).Objectives.  We hypothesized that a glucocorticoid or a cyclo‐oxygenase‐inhibitor synergistically interacts with salmeterol offering a protection against dust‐induced increased bronchial responsiveness and airway inflammation. As data did not confirm previous results a retrospective analysis of pooled data on dust‐induced bronchial hyper‐responsiveness from four other studies was performed.Design.  Fluticasone or ibuprofen was administered for 1 week and salmeterol or placebo was inhaled 1 h prior to a 3‐h exposure in a pig barn in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over design (2–3 weeks apart) in 12 healthy subjects. Lung function, bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and inflammatory markers were evaluated before and after exposure. Pre‐ and postexposure bronchial responsiveness in nontreated subjects was retrospectively evaluated from four previous studies.Subjects.  Twelve healthy, nonatopic nonsmokers.Results.  Salmeterol partially protected against bronchial hyper‐responsiveness but did not influence inflammatory markers. Fluticasone and ibuprofen did not add to these effects. The retrospective analysis showed that PD20FEV1 after exposure in a pig barn is almost totally independent of pre‐exposure PD20FEV1‐level; all subjects end up at the same low postexposure PD20FEV1.Conclusion.  Contradictory to our previous results, salmeterol offered partial protection against enhanced bronchial responsiveness induced by exposure in a pig barn. This effect was not modified by fluticasone or ibuprofen. Our data clearly demonstrate that interventions altering bronchial responsiveness must be compared between groups with similar prechallenge bronchial responsiveness or in a cross‐over design.
Circulating KL‐6/MUC1 as an independent predictor for disseminated intravascular coagulation in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Nakashima T. , Yokoyama A. , Ohnishi H. , Hamada H. , Ishikawa N. , Haruta Y. , Hattori N. , Tanigawa K. , Kohno N. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives.  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients show high levels of circulating mucin including KL‐6/MUC1 (soluble MUC1 mucin). Because cancer mucin can bind vascular endothelial cells and platelets via selectins, mucin‐selectin interactions are reported to trigger platelet aggregation and intravascular coagulation. Therefore, we hypothesized that KL‐6/MUC1 is involved in the pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in ARDS. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the association between circulating KL‐6/MUC1 and DIC in ARDS patients.Design.  Observational study with structured follow‐up.Setting.  Intensive care unit in Hiroshima University Hospital.Subjects.  Fifty‐six newly diagnosed patients with ARDS.Interventions.  Circulating levels of KL‐6/MUC1 were measured during diagnosis and serially measured during the clinical course along with indices of respiratory failure, inflammation, coagulation and fibrinolysis and multiple organ dysfunction.Results.  Acute respiratory distress syndrome patients complicated with DIC showed significantly higher levels of serum KL‐6/MUC1 than patients without DIC during the clinical course. Amongst the parameters analysed at diagnosis of ARDS, KL‐6/MUC1 was an independent predictor for DIC complication. The baseline level of circulating KL‐6/MUC1 at diagnosis of ARDS was significantly correlated with an increased DIC score following ARDS diagnosis. Using an optimum cutoff level of KL‐6/MUC1 obtained by a receiver operating characteristic curve, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting future DIC development in ARDS patients were 88.9% and 55.3%, respectively.Conclusions.  These results suggest that KL‐6/MUC1 is associated with DIC development in ARDS patients. Elevated levels of KL‐6/MUC1 at diagnosis could be a predictor of DIC complication in ARDS.
Secular changes in cardiovascular risk factors and attack rate of myocardial infarction among men aged 50 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Accurate prediction using risk models
Authors: Wilhelmsen L. , Welin L. , Svärdsudd K. , Wedel H. , Eriksson H. , Hansson P.‐O. , Rosengren A. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract.Aims.  Coronary risk factor changes were related to attack rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods and results.  Cross‐sectional population samples of 50‐year‐old men were examined every 10th year from 1963 to 2003. Attack rates of AMI were recorded from 1975 to 2004. Prevalence of smoking decreased from 56% in 1963 to 22% in 2003. Leisure time physical activity decreased (n.s.), while psychological stress remained the same. Diabetes prevalence increased from 3.6% to 6.6%. Body mass index (BMI) increased from 24.8 to 26.4 kg m−2. Blood pressures decreased from 138.2/90.6 to 134.7/84.9 mmHg (P = 0.00001). Serum total cholesterol decreased from 6.42 to 5.50 mmol L−1 (P = 0.0001), but serum triglycerides increased from 1.26 to 1.71 mmol L−1 (P = 0.0001). The multivariable risk according to total cholesterol, blood pressure and smoking for AMI decreased from the set value 1.0 in 1963 to 0.418. From 1975–1979 to 2000–2004 attack rates for AMI for the age groups 35–44, 45–54 and 55–64 declined to 45%, 46% and 45%, respectively. The 28‐day case fatality declined from 30%, 38% and 46% to 12%, 16% and 20%.Conclusion.  The more than 50% decline in attack rate of AMI during 30 years was comparable with the decline in risk factors.
Increased lipolysis by secretory phospholipase A2 group V of lipoproteins in diabetic dyslipidaemia
Authors: Pettersson C. , Fogelstrand L. , Rosengren B. , Ståhlman S. , Hurt‐Camejo E. , Fagerberg B. , Wiklund O. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract.Background.  Lipolysis of lipoproteins by secretory phospholipase A2 group V (sPLA2‐V) promotes inflammation, lipoprotein aggregation and foam cell formation – all considered as atherogenic mechanisms.Objective.  In this study, we compared the susceptibility to sPLA2‐V lipolysis of VLDL and LDL from individuals with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (T2D‐MetS) and from healthy controls.Design.  VLDL and LDL were isolated from 38 T2D‐MetS subjects and 38 controls, treated pair‐wise. Extent of sPLA2‐V lipolysis was measured as release of nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFA). In a subset of the subjects, lipoprotein composition was determined as a relationship between lipid and apolipoprotein components.Results.  Mean paired increase in sPLA2‐V lipolysis after 1 h for T2D‐MetS versus control was 2.0 μmol NEFA l−1 for VLDL (P = 0.004) and 0.75 μmol NEFA l−1 for LDL (P = 0.001). There were also substantial differences in lipoprotein composition between the groups. T2D‐MetS VLDL had higher triglyceride and cholesterol contents than control VLDL. T2D‐MetS LDL was smaller and contained more triglycerides and less cholesterol than control LDL. Both VLDL and LDL from T2D‐MetS subjects also contained more apolipoprotein CIII per particle.Conclusion.  VLDL and LDL from T2D‐MetS individuals were more susceptible to sPLA2‐V lipolysis than those from control individuals. This may result in elevated levels of NEFA and lysophosphatidylcholine, both in circulation and in LDL, possibly contributing to the elevated inflammatory state and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases seen in these individuals.
Genetic structure of invasive earthwormsDendrobaena octaedrain the boreal forest of Alberta: insights into introduction mechanisms
Authors: CAMERON ERIN K. , BAYNE ERIN M. , COLTMAN DAVID W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPopulation genetic studies can help to determine whether invasive species are established via single vs. multiple introduction events and also to distinguish among various colonization scenarios. We used this approach to investigate the introduction ofDendrobaena octaedra, a non‐native earthworm species, to the boreal forest of northern Alberta. The spread of non‐native earthworms in forested systems is not well understood, although bait abandonment and vehicular transport are believed to be important. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing revealed that multiple introductions of this species have occurred in northern Alberta, although individual populations may have been established by either single or multiple invaders introduced on one or more occasions. There was no relationship between genetic distances and either geographical distances or distances along road networks, suggesting that human‐mediated jump dispersal is more common than diffusive spread via road networks or via active dispersal. As well, genetic diversity was significantly greater at boat launches than roads, indicating that multiple introductions may be more likely to occur at those locations. Focusing management efforts on areas where multiple introductions are likely to occur may help to reduce invasive species’ potential for adaptive evolution and subsequent rapid spread.
Determining the origin and age of the Westland beech (Nothofagus) gap, New Zealand, using fungus beetle genetics
Authors: LESCHEN RICHARD A. B. , BUCKLEY THOMAS R. , HARMAN HELEN M. , SHULMEISTER JAMES 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe formation and maintenance of theNothofagusbeech gap in the South Island, New Zealand, has been the focus of biogeographical debate since the 1920s. We examine the historical process of gap formation by investigating the population genetics of fungus beetles:Brachynopus scutellaris(Staphylinidae) inhabits logs and is absent from the beech gap, andHisparonia hystrix(Nitidulidae) is contiguous through the gap and is found commonly on sooty mould growing on several plant species. Both species show distinctive northern and southern haplotype distributions whileH. hystrixrecolonized the gap as shown by definitive mixing.B. scutellarisshows two major haplotype clades with strong geographical concordance, and unlikeH. hystrix,has clearly defined lineages that can be partitioned for molecular dating. Based on coalescence dating methods, disjunct lineages ofB. scutellarisindicate that the gap was formed less than 200 000 years ago. Phylogenetic imprints from both species reveal similar patterns of population divergence corresponding to recent glacial cycles, favouring a glacial explanation for the origin of the gap. Post‐gap colonization byH. hystrixmay have been facilitated by the spread ofLeptospermum scopariumhost trees to the area, and they may be better at dispersing thanB. scutellariswhich may be constrained by fungal host and/or microhabitat. The gap‐excluded speciesB. scutellarisis found in both beech and podocarp‐broadleaf forests flanking the Westland gap and its absence in the gap may be related to incomplete recolonization following glacial retreat. We also discuss species status and an ancient polymorphism withinB. scutellaris.
Ancient hybridization and mitochondrial capture between two species of chipmunks
Authors: GOOD JEFFREY M. , HIRD SARAH , REID NOAH , DEMBOSKI JOHN R. , STEPPAN SCOTT J. , MARTIN‐NIMS TINA R. , SULLIVAN JACK 
Published: February 2008

AbstractModels that posit speciation in the face of gene flow are replacing classical views that hybridization is rare between animal species. We use a multilocus approach to examine the history of hybridization and gene flow between two species of chipmunks (Tamias ruficaudus and T. amoenus). Previous studies have shown that these species occupy different ecological niches and have distinct genital bone morphologies, yet appear to be incompletely isolated reproductively in multiple areas of sympatry. We compared data from four sequenced nuclear loci and from seven microsatellite loci to published cytochrome b sequences. Interspecific gene flow was primarily restricted to introgression of the T. ruficaudus mitochondrial genome into a sympatric subspecies of T. amoenus, T. a. canicaudus, with the four sequenced nuclear loci showing little to no interspecific allele sharing. Microsatellite data were consistent with high levels of differentiation between the species and also showed no current gene flow between broadly sympatric populations of T. a. canicaudus and T. ruficaudus. Coalescent analyses date the mtDNA introgression event from the mid‐Pleistocene to late Pliocene. Overall, these data indicate that introgression has had a minimal impact on the nuclear genomes of T. amoenus and T. ruficaudus despite multiple independent hybridization events. Our findings challenge long‐standing assumptions on patterns of reproductive isolation in chipmunks and suggest that there may be other examples of hybridization among the 23 species of Tamias that occur in western North America.