bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dementia Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Reuben David B. , Kremen Sarah , Maust Donovan T. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceDementia affects 10% of those 65 years or older and 35% of those 90 years or older, often with profound cognitive, behavioral, and functional consequences. As the baby boomers and subsequent generations age, effective preventive and treatment strategies will assume increasing importance.ObservationsPreventive measures are aimed at modifiable risk factors, many of which have been identified. To date, no randomized clinical trial data conclusively confirm that interventions of any kind can prevent dementia. Nevertheless, addressing risk factors may have other health benefits and should be considered. Alzheimer disease can be treated with cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, and antiamyloid immunomodulators, with the last modestly slowing cognitive and functional decline in people with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia due to Alzheimer disease. Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine may benefit persons with other types of dementia, including dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson disease dementia, vascular dementia, and dementia due to traumatic brain injury. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are best treated with nonpharmacologic management, including identifying and mitigating the underlying causes and individually tailored behavioral approaches. Psychotropic medications have minimal evidence of efficacy for treating these symptoms and are associated with increased mortality and clinically meaningful risks of falls and cognitive decline. Several emerging prevention and treatment strategies hold promise to improve dementia care in the future.Conclusions and RelevanceAlthough current prevention and treatment approaches to dementia have been less than optimally successful, substantial investments in dementia research will undoubtedly provide new answers to reducing the burden of dementia worldwide.
MACE and Hyperthyroidism Treated With Medication, Radioactive Iodine, or Thyroidectomy
Authors: Peng Carol Chiung-Hui , Lin Yu-Jie , Lee Sun Y. , Lin Shu-Man , Han Cheng , Loh Ching-Hui , Huang Huei-Kai , Pearce Elizabeth N. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceExcessive thyroid hormones from hyperthyroidism increase cardiovascular risks. Among 3 available treatments for hyperthyroidism, comparisons of long-term outcomes associated with antithyroid drugs (ATDs), radioactive iodine (RAI), and surgery to treat newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism are lacking.ObjectiveTo compare risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality among patients with hyperthyroidism treated with ATDs, RAI, or surgery.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide cohort study used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients aged 20 years or older with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism between 2011 and 2020 were enrolled. Treatment groups were determined within 18 months from diagnosis, with follow-up until the development of MACE, death, or the end date of the database, whichever came first. Data were analyzed from October 2022 through December 2023.ExposuresThe ATD group received ATDs only. RAI and surgery groups could receive ATDs before treatment. Anyone who underwent thyroid surgery without RAI was classified into the surgery group and vice versa.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes included MACE (a composite outcome of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality) and all-cause mortality.ResultsAmong 114 062 patients with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism (mean [SD] age, 44.1 [13.6] years; 83 505 female [73.2%]), 107 052 patients (93.9%) received ATDs alone, 1238 patients (1.1%) received RAI, and 5772 patients (5.1%) underwent surgery during a mean (SD) follow-up of 4.4 (2.5) years. Patients undergoing surgery had a significantly lower risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.98; P = .04), all-cause mortality (HR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.41-0.68; P &amp;lt; .001), heart failure (HR = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18-0.59; P &amp;lt; .001), and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.26-0.79; P = .005) compared with patients receiving ATDs. Compared with ATDs, RAI was associated with lower MACE risk (HR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22-0.93; P = .03). Risks for acute myocardial infarction and stroke did not significantly differ between treatment groups.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, surgery was associated with lower long-term risks of MACE and all-cause mortality, while RAI was associated with a lower MACE risk compared with ATDs.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors and the Risk of Aortic Aneurysm and Aortic Dissection
Authors: Wu Chia-Wei , Huang Hsin-Yi , Lin Shin-Yi , Wang Chi-Chuan , Huang Chih-Fen , Wu I-Hui 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceVascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitors (VPIs) pose a concern for aortic aneurysm (AA) and aortic dissection (AD), signaling potential vascular disease development.ObjectiveTo investigate VPI-associated AA and AD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case-control study with a nested design used full population data from a national claims database in Taiwan between 2011 and 2019. Eligible participants were aged 20 years or older with kidney, hepatic, gastrointestinal, or pancreatic cancer diagnosed between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2019. The first cancer diagnosis date was defined as the cohort entry date. Cases were patients who received a diagnosis of AA or AD in hospitalizations or emergency visits between the cohort entry date and December 31, 2019. Controls were matched by ratio (up to 1:5) based on age, sex, cancer type, cohort entry date, and the index date (ie, the first AA or AD event date). Data analysis was performed between January 2022 and December 2023.ExposuresUse of the oral VPIs sorafenib, sunitinib, and pazopanib between cohort entry date and index date.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIn the primary analysis, AA and AD were evaluated compositely, while in the secondary analyses, they were evaluated separately. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression to assess the association with VPI use (sorafenib, sunitinib, and pazopanib) considering various VPI exposure windows and cumulative use.ResultsA total of 1461 cases were included (mean [SD] age, 73.0 [12.3] years; 1118 male patients [76.5%]), matched to 7198 controls. AA or AD risk increased with a VPI exposure of 100 days or less before the index date (aOR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.40-3.15), mainly from VPI-associated AD (aOR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.77-5.39). Longer VPI duration (68 days or more: aOR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.66-4.19) and higher cumulative dose (61 or more defined daily doses: aOR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.66-4.23) increased the risk.Conclusions and RelevanceThe use of the 3 study VPIs (sorafenib, sunitinib, and pazopanib) was associated with an increased risk of AA and AD in patients with cancer, essentially all of the risk from VPI-associated AD. Future studies are needed to determine the risk factors of VPI-associated AA and AD, as well as to establish a class effect.
Socioeconomic Status and Overall Survival Among Patients With Hematological Malignant Neoplasms
Authors: Nielsen Lars Hernández , Kristensen Daniel Tuyet , Jakobsen Lasse Hjort , Bøgsted Martin , Gregersen Henrik , Madsen Jakob , Severinsen Marianne Tang , Brøndum Rasmus Froberg 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceIn recent years, there has been a focus on reducing the socioeconomic gap in survival for hematological malignant neoplasms. Understanding recent developments is important to develop further intervention to improve care.ObjectiveTo investigate the temporal trend in associations of socioeconomic status (SES) with survival among 3 aggressive hematological malignant neoplasms: multiple myeloma (MM), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide, population-based cohort study used retrospectively collected data from 3 clinical registries of patients diagnosed in Denmark between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2020, with follow-up until December 31, 2021. Analyses were stratified by diagnosis year (2005-2009, 2010-2014, and 2015-2020). Participants were patients aged 25 to 65 years with hematological malignant neoplasms. Patients with missing data on education were excluded. Data were analyzed from October 14, 2022, to January 2, 2024.ExposureEducation was used as a proxy for SES and defined low- and high-SES groups based on the completion of tertiary education.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was overall survival (OS), analyzed using Kaplan-Meier (log rank) method and Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for age, sex, performance status, comorbidities, and disease-specific prognostic indices. Two-year OS through time and survival difference were estimated using flexible parametric survival models.ResultsA total of 5677 patients (median [IQR] age, 58 [51-62] years; 3177 [57.0%] male) were assessed, including 1826 patients with MM, 1236 patients with AML, and 2509 patients with DLBCL. The 2-year OS increased over time for patients with MM (78.8% [95% CI, 75.4%-82.3%] to 91.4% [95% CI, 89.3%-93.5%]), AML (42.2% [95% CI, 37.8%-47.1%] to 52.7% [95% CI, 48.0%-57.9%]), and DLBCL (80.1% [95% CI, 77.4%-82.8%] to 88.1% [95% CI, 86.0%-90.3%]). For MM and DLBCL, no association of SES with survival was observed after adjustment (MM: hazard ratio [HR], 0.99 [95% CI, 0.85-1.15]; DLBCL: HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.91-1.29]). For AML, a negative association was observed between low SES and survival (HR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.25-1.76]), but the association was attenuated in recent years. The difference in hazard for patients with low SES and AML was observed in the first 2 years after diagnosis.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that survival has improved among patients with these hematological malignant neoplasms. While patients with MM and DLBCL had increased survival in all groups, disparities were observed in AML outcomes, primarily in the first years after diagnosis. These results suggest that differences originate in factors specific to AML.
Barriers, Facilitators, and Preferences for Mental Health Services Among Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Goldschen Lauren , Peng Cynthia S. , Mufson Michael J. , Feldman Candace H. , Case Siobhan M. , Costenbader Karen H. , Amonoo Hermioni L. 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveAlthough patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience high levels of depression and anxiety disorders, evidence concerning patient perceptions of facilitators and barriers to effective uptake of mental health services (eg, referral to therapists and psychiatrists, psychoeducational interventions, or support groups) is limited.MethodsWe conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with 15 adults with SLE to explore patient experiences and perceptions of mental health services to identify facilitators and barriers to accessing mental health care among patients with SLE. Qualitative interviews were conducted via telephone and audio recorded for transcription and directed content analysis using NVivo software by two coders.ResultsThe median age of the 15 participants was 48 years, 87% were female, 33% identified as Black or African American, and 33% identified as Hispanic or Latino. Qualitative themes were organized into three domains: barriers, facilitators, and preferences for mental health services. Barriers to the use of mental health services include mental health stigma, sociodemographic factors, lack of autonomy, and time commitment. Facilitators to the use of mental health services included strong relationships with their rheumatologists and mental health care clinician experience with patients with SLE. Preferences for mental health services included education‐based formats, mental health providers who work with patients with SLE, peer group formats, demographically and disease‐matched psychological resources, and an emphasis on non–disease‐related activities.ConclusionIn the setting of persistent unmet psychosocial needs of patients living with SLE, data from this qualitative study will inform the development and refinement of mental health interventions that bolster psychological wellbeing in the SLE population.
Prominent Nonlinear Optical Absorption in SnS2‐Based Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Superlattice
Authors: Li Hui , Diao Mengjuan , Boukhvalov Danil W. , Ke Yuting , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi , Huang Zhipeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNonlinear optical materials hold great promise for applications in advanced opto‐/opto‐electronic devices. However, achieving a substantial nonlinear absorption coefficient and modulation depth concurrently remains challenging. This study proposes an effective strategy for enhancing the nonlinear optical response of materials through the construction of hybrid inorganic–organic superlattices via convenient organic intercalation. Synthesizing SnS2 intercalated with various tetra‐alkylammonium cations, it is revealed that the optimized sample (SnS2/CTA: SnS2 intercalated with cetyltrimethylammonium, CTA+) exhibits a substantial enhancement of nonlinear absorption across a broad wavelength range (from 515 to 1550 nm) and for diverse nonlinear optical processes (saturable absorption, two‐photon absorption, and three‐photon absorption). Specifically, the SnS2/CTA demonstrates a third‐order nonlinear absorption coefficient of (9.847 ± 0.084) × 103 cm GW−1 and a 69% modulation depth under laser excitation at 800 nm. Under 1550 nm excitation, it displays a fifth‐order nonlinear absorption coefficient of (45.3 ± 1.2) cm3 GW−2 and a 62% modulation depth. Notably, these values surpass those of the majority of non‐exfoliated materials. Structural, spectral, and density functional theory calculations indicate no induced structure defects post‐organic intercalation. The observed bandgap reduction is attributed to the electron injection associated with the organic molecule intercalation. The calculated performance enhancement, based on dielectric enhancement and bandgap reduction, qualitatively aligns with experimental findings.
Injectable Double Crosslinked Hydrogel‐Polypropylene Composite Mesh for Repairing Full‐Thickness Abdominal Wall Defects
Authors: Zhao Yixin , Li Xiaopei , Sun Ni , Mao Yan , Ma Teng , Liu Xiangping , Cheng Tao , Shao Xiangyu , Zhang Haifeng , Huang Xianggang , Li Junsheng , Huang Ningping , Wang Haibo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAbdominal wall defects are common clinical diseases, and mesh repair is the standard treatment method. The most commonly used polypropylene (PP) mesh in clinical practice has the advantages of good mechanical properties, stable performance, and effective tissue integration effect. However, direct contact between abdominal viscera and PP mesh can lead to severe abdominal adhesions. To prevent this, the development of a hydrogel‐PP composite mesh with anti‐adhesive properties may be an effective measure. Herein, biofunctional hydrogel loaded with rosmarinic acid is developed by modifying chitosan and Pluronic F127, which possesses suitable physical and chemical properties and commendable in vitro biocompatibility. In the repair of full‐thickness abdominal wall defects in rats, hydrogels are injected onto the surface of PP mesh and applied to intraperitoneal repair. The results indicate that the use of hydrogel‐PP composite mesh can alleviate abdominal adhesions resulting from traditional PP mesh implantation by decreasing local inflammatory response, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating the fibrinolytic system. Combined with the tissue integration ability of PP mesh, hydrogel‐PP composite mesh has great potential for repairing full‐thickness abdominal wall defects.
Ultrastable N‐Type Semiconducting Fiber Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Highly Sensitive Biosensors
Authors: Wang Xiu , Zhang Zhi , Li Peiyun , Xu Jingcao , Zheng Yuting , Sun Wenxi , Xie Mingyue , Wang Juanrong , Pan Xiran , Lei Xun , Wang Jingyi , Chen Jupeng , Chen Yiheng , Wang Shu‐Jen , Lei Ting 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have attracted increasing attention due to their merits of high transconductance, low operating voltage, and good biocompatibility, ideal for biosensors. However, further advances in their practical applications face challenges of low n‐type performance and poor stability. Here, it is demonstrated that wet‐spinning the commercially available n‐type conjugated polymer poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) into highly aligned and crystalline fibers enhances both OECT performance and stability. Although BBL is only soluble in high‐boiling‐point strong acids, it can be wet‐spun into high‐quality fibers with adjustable diameters. The BBL fiber OECTs exhibit a record‐high area‐normalized transconductance (gm,A) of 2.40 µS µm−2 and over 10 times higher figure‐of‐merit (µC*) than its thin‐film counterparts. More importantly, these fiber OECTs exhibit remarkable stability with no noticeable performance attenuation after 1500 cycles over 4 h operation, outperforming all previously reported n‐type OECTs. The superior performance and stability can be attributed to shorter π–π stacking distance and ordered molecular arrangement in the fibers, endowing the BBL fiber OECT‐based biosensors with outstanding sensitivity while keeping a miniaturized form factor. This work demonstrates that, beyond new material development, developing new fabrication technology is also crucial for addressing the performance and stability issues in n‐type OECTs.
High‐Entropy Photothermal Materials
Authors: He Cheng‐Yu , Li Yang , Zhou Zhuo‐Hao , Liu Bao‐Hua , Gao Xiang‐Hu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy (HE) materials, celebrated for their extraordinary chemical and physical properties, have garnered increasing attention for their broad applications across diverse disciplines. The expansive compositional range of these materials allows for nuanced tuning of their properties and innovative structural designs. Recent advances have been centered on their versatile photothermal conversion capabilities, effective across the full solar spectrum (300–2500 nm). The HE effect, coupled with hysteresis diffusion, imparts these materials with desirable thermal and chemical stability. These attributes position HE materials as a revolutionary alternative to traditional photothermal materials, signifying a transformative shift in photothermal technology. This review delivers a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge regarding HE photothermal materials, emphasizing the intricate relationship between their compositions, structures, light‐absorbing mechanisms, and optical properties. Furthermore, the review outlines the notable advances in HE photothermal materials, emphasizing their contributions to areas, such as solar water evaporation, personal thermal management, solar thermoelectric generation, catalysis, and biomedical applications. The review culminates in presenting a roadmap that outlines prospective directions for future research in this burgeoning field, and also outlines fruitful ways to develop advanced HE photothermal materials and to expand their promising applications.
Novel Isoxazolylpyrimidine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Antifungal Activity and In‐Silico Studies
Authors: Nagaraja rao Hari Krishnapura , Poojary Boja , Mohan Kumar Kavya Kallahalli , Chandrasehar Govindan , Sannathammegowda Krishnaveni , Pandith Anup 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe advancement of environmentally friendly chemical synthesis in both academic and corporate research has recently taken on enormous relevance. Pesticides are substances, either chemical or biological, that are used to get rid of or lessen the impact of pests. To control the fungi in crops a new set of isoxazolylpyrimidine derivatives were planned, synthesized, and characterized. The compounds indicated were synthesized in high yields, and their structures were determined using elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LCMS. HPLC was used to assess the purity of the synthesized molecules, and the purity of some compounds were found to be >98 % a/a while a couple were found to be >95 % a/a. The synthesized compounds were assessed for their antifungal activity. Among these, compounds 5d, 5h, and 5l exhibit substantial antifungal action and considerably suppress the growth of Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Macrophominaphaseolina. Macrophominaphaseolina inhibition percentages were 77.60, 70.49, 69.03, Sclerotium rolfsii inhibition percentages were 78.73, 74.03, 68.44, and Rhizoctonia solani inhibition percentages were 81.77, 76.29, and 71.01 for compounds 5 d, 5 h and 5 l respectively. The plausible mechanism of fungal inhibitory activities of rationally designed isoxazolyl pyrimidine derivatives is attributed to the blocking of the oxygen activation of HEME iron in membrane‐bound 14α‐demethylase. The presence of pyrimidine unit in designed materials is a vital factor for inducing antifungal activities, which was further corroborated through the density functional theory (DFT),molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulation studies.
Anti‐Solvent‐Free Preparation for Efficient and Photostable Pure‐Iodide Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Nie Ting , Fang Zhimin , Yang Tinghuan , Zhao Kui , Ding Jianning , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell (TSC) has attracted tremendous attention due to its potential to breakthrough the theoretical efficiency set for single‐junction solar cells. However, the perovskite solar cell (PSC) designed as its top component cell suffers from severe photo‐induced halide segregation owing to its mixed‐halide strategy for achieving desirable wide‐bandgap (1.68 eV). Developing pure‐iodide wide‐bandgap perovskites is a promising route to fabricate photostable perovskite/silicon TSCs. Here, we report efficient and photostable pure‐iodide wide‐bandgap PSCs made from an anti‐solvent‐free (ASF) technique. The ASF process is achieved by mixing two precursor solutions, both of which are capable of depositing corresponding perovskite films without involving anti‐solvent. The mixed solution finally forms Cs0.3DMA0.2MA0.5PbI3 perovskite film with a bandgap of 1.68 eV. Furthermore, methylammonium chloride additive is applied to enhance the crystallinity and reduce the trap density of perovskite films. As a result, the pure‐iodide wide‐bandgap PSC delivers efficiency as high as 21.30 % with excellent photostability, the highest for this type of solar cells. The ASF method significantly improves the device reproducibility as compared with devices made from other anti‐solvent methods. Our findings provide a novel recipe to prepare efficient and photostable wide‐bandgap PSCs.