bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of fenpropimorph and imazalil on sterol biosynthesis in penicillium italicum
Authors: Kerkenaar Antonius , Van Rossum Johanna M. , Versluis Gerritje G. , Marsman Jan W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFenpropimorph was found to be highly active against Penicillium italicum (EC50 0.01/μg ml−1). Conidia of P. italicum, treated with low concentrations of fenpropimorph, swelled in size and showed distorted germ tubes. During the initial stages of mycelial growth, fenpropimorph had little or no effect on the dry weight increase, which became strongly inhibited within 24 h after addition of the toxicant (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 μg ml−1). Irregular deposition of β–1,3 and β–1, 4 polysaccharides, probably chitin, was observed after treatment with fenpropimorph or imazalil. Fenpropimorph (0.05 and 0.2 μ ml−1) caused the accumulation of a major demethyl‐sterol that was different from ergosterol. It was identified as ergosta‐8, 14, 24(28)‐trien‐3β‐ol by mass, infrared, ultraviolet and proton nuclear magnetic resonance, spectrometric procedures. At both concentrations, the accumulation was already detected after incubation for 2 h. In contrast, imazalil (0.1 μg ml−1) caused the accumulation of several methyl‐ and dimethyl‐sterols which were tentatively identified as eburicol (24‐methylene‐24, 25‐dihydrolanosterol), 4, 14α‐dimethylergosta‐8, 24(28)‐dien‐3‐one, 14α‐methylergosta‐8, 24(28)‐dien‐3‐one and obtusifoliol (4, 14α‐dimethylergosta‐8, 24(28)‐dien‐3α‐ol). The accumulation of ergosta‐8, 14,24(28)‐trien‐3β‐ol indicates inhibition of the Δ14‐reductase in P. italicum in a similar manner to that found previously in Ustilago maydis.
The effect of temperature on the activity and metabolism of glyphosate applied to rhizome fragments of elymus repens (=Agropyron repens)
Authors: Coupland David 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the activity and metabolism of glyphosate, as its mono(isopropylammonium) salt, in single‐node rhizome fragments of Elymus repens was investigated in controlled environment cabinets. Post‐treatment temperatures of 26/16° (day/night) reduced the activity of the herbicide compared with that at 10/6°, respectively. Under both temperature regimes and using [14C]glyphosatemono(isopropylammonium), more [14C]glyphosate accumulated in the node tissues and buds than in the internodes, but at teh higher temperature the rate of glyphosate metabolism was greater, and more 14C was lost as [14C]carbon dioxide. Evidence is presented to indicate that plant extracts contained at least two components which yielded glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid after both acid or base treatment, but not on incubation with β‐glucosidase. It is therefore tentatively suggested that these metabolites are not β‐glycosides but perhaps are conjugates with other natural plant constituents involving the phosphonyl and/or amino groups of the herbicide.
Effect of some ergosterol biosynthesis inhibiting fungicides on sterols and cytochrome P‐450 from the Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix
Authors: Rivière Jean‐Louis , Leroux Pierre , Bach Jocelyne , Gredt Michel 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNine fungicides that inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis (diclobutrazol, fenarimol, fenpropimorph, imazalil, nuarimol, prochloraz, propiconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol) and one plant growth regulator (ancymidol) were administered to Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix). Most of these compounds had a moderate or no effect, but prochloraz, imazalil and, to a lesser extent, propiconazole were shown to produce a dramatic increase in liver weight and cytochrome P‐450 level. These three compounds were also found to be potent in‐vitro inhibitors of 7‐ethoxycoumarin O‐de‐ethylase and aniline hydroxylase, thus resulting in a biphasic effect on drug‐metabolising enzymes. With these three compounds, and some others, an accumulation of lanosterol in liver was also observed, suggesting an inhibition of sterol synthesis.
Erratum: Multipoint competition, strategic similarity and entry into geographic markets L. Fuentelsaz, J. Gómez. Strategic Management Journal, 2006; 27; 477–499
Authors: Fuentelsaz L. , Gómez J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Strategic Management Journal Vol. 27, No. 5, pp 477–499, 2006. DOI: 10.1002/smj.529A paragraph in Spanish on page 481 of the Strategic Management Journal Vol. 27, No. 5, pp 477‐499, 2006, DOI: 10.1002/smj529 was incorrectly included. The publisher apologises for this error.
The First Complex of Benzilbis(thiosemicarbazone) acting as Bridging Ligand only through the Sulfur Atom
Authors: López‐Torres Elena , Calatayud David G. , Mendiola Antonia , Pastor César J. , Procopio Jésus R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe first complex with benzilbis(thiosemicarbazone) LH6 acting only as a bridge between two metallic centres through the sulfur atoms, was obtained from the reaction with methylmercury chloride. This complex shows a 1:2 ligand : mercury ratio and has been spectroscopically characterized and recrystallized in toluene. The ligand acts as a dianion, with an intermediate situation between cis and trans dispositions, and it is bonded to both methylmercury moieties through the sulfur atoms, giving a binuclear complex with linear CS coordination for the mercury atoms.
Complexation of Alkali Triflates by Crown Ethers: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Na(12‐crown‐4)2][SO3CF3], [Na(15‐crown‐5)][SO3CF3], [Rb(18‐crown‐6)][SO3CF3], and [Cs(18‐crown‐6)][SO3CF3]
Authors: Gjikaj Mimoza , Adam Arnold 
Published: November 2006

AbstractComplexes of trifluoromethanesulfonates (triflates) with alkali metals Na, Rb, Cs have been prepared in the presence of various macrocyclic polyether crowns [(12‐crown‐4), (15‐crown‐5) and (18‐crown‐6)]. Depending on the combination of alkali ion with crown, the complexes include separated ion pairs [Na(12‐crown‐4)2] [SO3CF3] (1) and contact ion pairs [Na(15‐crown‐5)] [SO3CF3] (2), [Rb(18‐crown‐6)] [SO3CF3] (3), and [Cs(18‐crown‐6)] [SO3CF3] (4), in which the triflate acts as a bidentate ligand. It is shown that the choice of crown ether is of paramount importance in determining the solid‐state structural outcome. The complex resulting from the pairing of crown ether (1) develops, when the crown ether is too small in relation to the alkali ion radius. When the cavity size of the crown ether is matched with the alkali ion radius, simple monomeric structures are identified in 2, 3 and 4.The title compounds crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system: 1: space group P2/c with a = 9.942(3), b = 11.014(2), c = 10.801(3) Å, β = 97.30(2)°, V = 1173.1(4) Å3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0812, wR2 = 0.1133: 2: space group P21/m with a = 7.949(2), b = 12.063(3), c = 9.094(2) Å, β = 105.98(2)°, V = 838.3(4) Å3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0869, wR2 = 0.1035: 3: space group P21/c with a = 12.847(5), b = 8.448(2), c = 22.272(6) Å, β = 122.90(3)°, V = 2029.5(1) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0684, wR2 = 0.1044: 4: space group P21/n with a = 12.871(3), b = 8.359(1), c = 19.019(4) Å, β = 92.61(2)°, V = 2044.2(6) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0621, wR2 = 0.0979.
Zur Elektronenstruktur metallorganischer Komplexe der f‐Elemente. 64 Äußert sich die zwitterionische Natur des Triphenylphosphanoxid‐Liganden auch in seinen spektrochemischen Eigenschaften?
Authors: Amberger Hanns‐Dieter , Zhang Lixin , Reddmann Hauke , Apostolidis Christos , Walter Olaf 
Published: November 2006

AbstractElectronic Structures of Organometallic Compounds of f Elements. 64 Does the Zwitterionic Nature of the Triphenylphosphine Oxide Ligand Manifest itself in its Spectrochemical Properties?The triphenylphosphine oxide mono adducts of the moiety tris(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)lanthanide(III) (Ln(Cp)3; Ln = Pr (1), La (2)) were synthesized and structurally characterized. The Ln–O distances of these compounds are noticeably shorter than those of the corresponding THF adducts. A crystal field (CF) analysis of the optical spectra of 1 leads to a low absolute value of the quadratic CF parameter which is comparable with those of [Pr(Cp)3(L)]− adducts with anionic bases but not with [Pr(Cp)3(MeTHF)]. Reasons for the latter finding are presented.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Layered Quaternary Chalcogenides of the General Formula ALnEQ4 (A = K, Rb; Ln = Ce, Pr, Eu; E = Si, Ge; Q = S, Se)
Authors: Choudhury Amitava , Polyakova Larisa A. , Hartenbach Ingo , Schleid Thomas , Dorhout Peter K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFour related quaternary compounds containing rare‐earth metals have been synthesized employing the molten flux method and metathesis. The reactions of Eu and Rb2S5 with Si and Ge in evacuated fused silica ampoules at 725 °C for 150 h yielded RbEuSiS4 (I) and RbEuGeS4 (II), respectively. On the other hand, a reaction between CeCl3 and K4Ge4Se10 at 650 °C for 148 h has yielded KCeGeSe4 (III) and KPrSiSe4(IV) was obtained by the reaction of elemental Pr, Si and Se in KCl flux at 850 °C for 168 h. Crystal data for these compounds are as follows: I, orthorhombic, space group P212121 (#19), a = 6.392(1), b = 6.634(2), c = 17.001(3) Å, α = β = γ = 90°, Z = 4; II, monoclinic, space group P21/m (#11), a = 6.498(2), b = 6.689(3), c = 8.964(3) Å, β = 108.647(6)°, Z = 2; III, monoclinic, space group P21 (#4), a = 6.852(2), b = 7.025(2), c = 9.017(3) Å, β = 108.116(2)°, Z = 2; IV, monoclinic, space group P21 (#4), a = 6.736(2), b = 6.943(2), c = 8.990(1) Å, β = 108.262(2)°, Z = 2. The crystal structures of I‐IV contain two‐dimensional corrugated anionic layers of the general formula, [LnEQ4]− (Ln = Ce, Pr, Eu; E = Si, Ge and Q = S, Se) alternately piled upon layers of alkali cations. In addition to structural elucidation, Raman and UV‐visible spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements for compound III (KCeGeSe4) are also discussed.
Relationship between dietary supply of long‐chain fatty acids and membrane composition of long‐ and very long chain essential fatty acids in developing rat photoreceptors
Authors: Suh M. , Wierzbicki A. A. , Lien E. , Clandinin M. T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe present study was designed to determine if dietary supply of long‐chain fatty acid (LCFA, C20∶4n‐6, and/or C22∶6n‐3), reflecting levels that might be incorporated into infant formulas, influences the fatty acid composition of the visual cell membrane. The rod outer segment (ROS) of the retina was analyzed from rats fed diets varying in the ratio of 18∶2n‐6 to 18∶3n‐3 with or without 20∶4n‐6 [arachidonic acid (AA)] and 22∶6n‐3 (docosahexaenoic acid) from birth to six weeks of age. The level of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA, C24−C36) was identified using gas chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. In the ROS, the highest relative percent of AA was attained in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) of animals fed 1% AA diet, whereas feeding 0.7% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) diet significantly increased the DHA level in PC, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol compared to feeding diets containing AA. VLCFA of n‐6 and n‐3 up to C36 were found in PC, with the most abundant fatty acids being C32 and C34. In PC, phosphatidylserine and PE, the n‐6 tetraenoic VLCFA level was highly increased in animals fed 1% AA compared to other dietary groups. This study suggests that dietary fat containing small amounts of AA or DHA is an important factor influencing membrane fatty acid composition of the visual cell during development.
Is dietary docosahexaenoic acid essential for term infants?
Authors: Makrides Maria , Neumann Mark A. , Gibson Robert A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThere is a need to determine whether there is a dietary requirement for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22∶6ω3) by term infants to achieve their full developmental potential. Studies of brain fatty acid composition have demonstrated that infants who were breast fed have greater levels of cerebral cortex DHA than infants who were formula fed, suggesting that DHA in the cerebrum is dependent on a supply in the diet. Some physiological studies report that electrophysiological and behavioral assessments of visual function are improved in breast‐fed infants relative to those fed formula, and that this is related to the level of DHA in their erythrocytes, whereas other studies demonstrate equivalent visual function between breast‐and formula‐fed infants. However, randomized studies of DHA supplementation of infant formula demonstrate that the visual function of formula‐fed infants can be improved to breast‐fed levels by adding DHA to formula. Further work is necessary to establish if there are long‐term benefits of dietary DHA to the term infant.
Bisallylic hydroxylation and epoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by cytochrome P450
Authors: Oliw Ernst H. , Bylund Johan , Herman Ceil 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPolyunsaturated fatty acids can be oxygenated by cytochrome P450 to hydroxy and epoxy fatty acids. Two major classes of hydroxy fatty acids are formed by hydroxylation of the ω‐side chain and by hydroxylation of bisallylic methylene carbons. Bisallylic cytochrome P450‐hydroxylases transform linoleic acid to 11‐hydroxylinoleic acid, arachidonic acid to 13‐hydroxyeicosa‐5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z‐tetraenoic acid, 10‐hydroxyeicosa‐5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z‐tetraenoic acid and 7‐hydroxyeicosa‐5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z‐tetraenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid to 16‐hydroxyeicosa‐5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z‐pentaenoic acid, 13‐hydroxyeicosa‐5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z‐pentaenoic acid and 10‐hydroxyeicosa‐5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z‐pentaenoic acid as major metabolites. The bisallylic hydroxy fatty acids are chemically unstable and decompose rapidly tocis‐trans conjugated hydroxy fatty acids during acidic extractive isolation. Bisallylic hydroxylase activity appears to be augmented in microsomes induced by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone and by some other agents, but the P450 gene families of these hydroxylases have yet to be determined. The fatty acid epoxides, which are formed by cytochrome P450, are chemically stable, but are hydrolyzed to diols by soluble epoxide hydrolases. Epoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is a prominent pathway of metabolism int he liver and the renal cortex and epoxygenase activity appears to be under homeostatic control in the kidney. Many arachidonate epoxygenases have been identified belonging to the CYP2C gene subfamily. Epoxygenases have also been found in the central nervous system, endocrine organs, the heart and endothelial cells. Epoxides of arachidonic acid have been found to exert pharmacological effects on many cells.
Anin vivo13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of the relationship between diet and adipose tissue composition
Authors: Thomas E. L. , Frost G. , Barnard M. L. , Bryant D. J. , Taylor‐Robinson S. D. , Simbrunner J. , Coutts G. A. , Burl M. , Bloom S. R. , Sales K. D. , Bell J. D. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive technique used in the study of lipids. We applied13C MRS to assess the effects of long‐term dietary variation on adipose tissue composition in humans.In vivo13C MRS was used to analyze the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in 88 healthy volunteers with significantly different diets (38 vegans, 11 vegetarians, and 39 omnivores) assessed by analysis of dietary records. Results were compared with the serum lipid profile.13C MRS revealed clear differences in the adipose tissue composition of vegans, which contained more unsaturated (P<0.01) and fewer saturated fatty acids (P<0.01) compared with omnivores and vegetarians. The vegan subjects had a significantly lower intake of saturated fatty acids and higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids than either the omnivore or the vegetarian groups (P<0.01). These findings were associated with significantly lower levels of serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol in the vegan group compared with the omnivores. Our results demonstrate the use of13C MRS for the noninvasive study of adipose tissue composition and its application to the study of the interaction between long‐term dietary and metabolic risk factors in humans.
Effects of clofibrate on lipids and fatty acids of mouse liver
Authors: Pennacchiotti G. L. , Rotstein N. P. , Aveldaño M. I. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractClofibrate administration significantly altered the amount and fatty acid composition of lipids in mouse liver. The net content of phospholipids (PL) increased and that of triacylglycerols (TG) decreased concomitantly with liver enlargement in mice treated for two weeks with this drug (0.5% w/w in the food). The highest increase among PL was in phosphatidylcholine; other components either showed lower increases or, as in the case of sphingomyelin and the plasmalogens, decreased. In all lipid classes the treatment resulted in altered ratios between major saturates, between saturates and monoenes, and between major polyenes. Among these, 20∶3n–6 and 22∶5n–3 increased several‐fold, and the 20∶3n–6/20∶4n–6 and 22∶5n–3/22∶6n–3 ratios increased due to a more active formation of the precursors than of the corresponding products. This change affected all glycerolipid classes. Liver sphingomyelin showed a relative enrichment in monoenoic fatty acids like 22∶1 and 24∶1, caused by a net decrease in the amount of saturates, particularly 22∶0 and 24∶0. The stimulated membrane proliferation imposed by clofibrate must increase phospholipid synthesis and, hence, the need for fatty acids. The results suggest that these demands are met mostly by TG acyl groups, either directly or after oxidation/desaturation processes. This was apparently the case for the polyenoic fatty acids of the n‐6 and n‐3 series. The longer chain (C22 and C24) components decreased, suggesting that their oxidation was stimulated to provide part of the required (C20 and C22) polyenes.
A simple method for the synthesis of ceramides and radiolabeled analogues
Authors: Anand Jasbir K. , Sadozai Khalid K. , Hakomori Sen‐itiroh 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA simple method has been developed for the coupling of amines to carboxylic acids.N‐Fatty‐acyl‐sphingosine, cerebroside, and GM3, as well as their respective [14C] analogues, were synthesized using diethylphosphoryl cyanide as a potent coupling agent in the presence of triethylamine. The reaction procedure is rapid, racemization‐free, and utilizes acids without derivatization. The desired ceramide products were obtained in 85–90% yield within one hour. The facile method presented here can also be used to synthesize [3H]‐N‐acyl‐labeled, as well as [14C] [3H] double‐labeled, ceramides.
Dietary eritadenine‐induced alteration of molecular species composition of phospholipids in rats
Authors: Sugiyama Kimio , Yamakawa Akihiro 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of dietary eritadenine, a hypocholesterolemic compound found in the mushroomLentinus edodes, on the fatty acid and molecular species profiles of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the plasma and liver microsomes was investigated in relation to the hypocholesterolemic action of the compound in rats. Animals were fed the control or eritadenine‐supplemented (50 mg/kg diet) diet for 14 d. Eritadenine supplementation significantly decreased the plasma concentrations of cholesterol and phospholipids, but not triglycerides. The PC/PE ratio of liver microsomes, but not plasma, was also markedly decreased by eritadenine. Eritadenine supplementation was found to increase the proportion of 18:2n‐6 and, inversely, to decrease the proportion of 20:4n‐6 and 22:5n‐6 in plasma PC and liver microsomal PC and PE, indicating that eritadenine depressed the metabolism of linoleic acid. The effect of eritadenine on the profile of n‐3 fatty acids was dissimilar in PC and PE. These changes in fatty acid composition were selectively reflected in the molecular species composition of both PC and PE; the extent of increase in 16:0–18:2 molecular species or decrease in 18:0–20:4 molecular species was apparently greater than that of other molecular species containing 18:2 or 20:4 in the sn‐2 position. These results suggest that, in addition to the decrease in liver microsomal PC/PE ratio, the alteration of plasma PC molecular species composition might also participate in the hypocholesterolemic action of eritadenine.
cis/trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids as possible control mechanism of membrane fluidity inPseudomonas putida P8
Authors: Loffeld Burkhard , Keweloh Heribert 
Published: November 2006

AbstractExponentially growing cells ofPseudomonas putida had an increased ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in response to increased growth temperatures. Resting cells in which fatty acid biosynthesis was stopped reacted to a thermal increase by convertingcis‐monounsaturated fatty acids totrans isomers.cis/trans isomerization of up to 60% of the unsaturated fatty acids was also activated by alcohols of different chain length. Their effective concentrations apparently depended on the lipophilic character of the alcohols. Also, a salt shock caused by the addition of NaCl resulted in the production oftrans fatty acids. However, cells that were adapted to growth media of high osmolarity synthesized cyclopropane fatty acids instead oftrans fatty acids. Activity ofcis/trans‐isomerase was dependent on the growth phase and was significantly higher during logarithmic growth than during the stationary phase. The results of this study agree with the hypothesis that the isomerization ofcis intotrans unsaturated fatty acids is an emergency action of cells ofP. putida to adapt membrane fluidity to drastic changes of environmental conditions.
Production of 3R‐hydroxy‐polyenoic fatty acids by the yeast Dipodascopsis uninucleata
Authors: Venter P. , Kock J. L. F. , Kumar G. Sravan , Botha A. , Coetzee D. J. , Botes P. J. , Bhatt R. K. , Falck J. R. , Schewe T. , Nigam S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVarious fatty acids were fed to the yeast Dipodascopsis uninucleata UOFS Y 128, and the extracted samples were analyzed for the accumulation of 3‐hydroxy metabolites with the help of electron impact gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Fatty acids containing a 5Z,8Z‐diene system (5Z,8Z,11Z‐eicosatrienoic, 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z‐eicosatetraenoic, and 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z‐eicosapentaenoic acids) yielded the corresponding 3‐hydroxy‐all‐Z‐eicosapolyenoic acids. Moreover, linoleic acid (9Z,12Z‐octadecadienoic acid) and 11Z,14Z,17Z‐eicosatrienoic acid were converted to the 3‐hydroxylated metabolites of shorter chain length, e.g., 3‐hydroxy‐5Z,8Z‐tetradecadienoic acid and 3‐hydroxy‐5Z,8Z,11Z‐tetradecatrienoic acid, respectively. In contrast, no accumulation of a 3‐hydroxy metabolite was observed with oleic acid (9Z‐octadecenoic acid), linolelaidic acid (9E,12E‐octadecadienoic acid), γ‐linolenic acid (6Z,9Z,12Z‐octadecatrienoic acid), and eicosanoic acid as substrate. These findings pinpoint that the 3‐hydroxylation of a fatty acid in Dipodascopsis uninucleata requires a 5Z,8Z‐diene system either directly or following initial incomplete β‐oxidation. Following analysis of the enantiomer composition, the arachidonic acid metabolite was identified as 3R‐hydroxy‐5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z‐eicosatetraenoic acid, which rules out a normal β‐oxidation as biosynthetic route to this new class of oxylipins.