bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between periodontal disease and coronary artery disease
Authors: Zibaeenezhad Mohammad 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The etiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifunctional. There is increasing evidence that dental infections could play a role in the initiation and development of CAD. In a case control double blind study, one hundred male and female (mean age 51 ± 9.4) angiographically documented CAD, compared with one hundred male and female patients (mean age 50.6 ± 9) with angiographically negative coronary artery. All the patients (cases and control) underwent dental examination for the presence and severity of periodontitis by a dentist who was oblivious the result of the angiography performed. The association between periodontal disease status and CAD was significant (P=0.011); periodontitis was apparently more frequent in CAD positive patients than in control (86% versus 61%). Adjustment of coronary risk factors (smoking, DM, hypertension and hyperlipidemia) in both cases and control groups suggests that the association between periodontitis and CAD in our study was independent of coronary risk factors. There is increasing evidence that dental infection, especially aerobic organisms which have capability of aggregation of platelets, is the most important cause. Dental infection would be an independent risk factor for CAD.
Keitel Functional Test for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Translation, Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness
Authors: Holm Bente , Jacobsen Soren , Skjodt Henrik , Klarlund Mette , Jensen Trine , Hetland Merete Lund , Ostergaard Mikkel 
Published: February 2008

Background and PurposeThe purpose of this study was to translate the German Keitel Functional Test (KFT) into Danish and test it for reliability, concurrent and predictive validity, and responsiveness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsTranslation of the KFT was performed according to international recommendations, and the translated version was tested twice by 2 observers for intraobserver and interobserver reliability, with a 1-week interval between assessments, in 20 patients with RA with stable disease activity. Validity was investigated by studying 2 patient groups: (1) 15 patients with long-lasting (median=6 years) active RA, tested before and after 2, 6, and 14 weeks of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor therapy, and (2) 35 patients with early (median=0.25 year) RA, tested at years 0, 0.5, 1, and 2. Twenty-three patients in the early RA group also were tested at year 7. KFT, conventional clinical and biochemical markers of disease activity, and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) were used.ResultsThe translated KFT showed good intraobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC]=.90 and .95, coefficient of variation [CV]=3.5%) and interobserver reliability (ICC=.99 and .92, CV=3.5%), and the KFT correlated with several measures of disease activity and, most closely, with the HAQ. The KFT was, in contrast to clinical disease activity measures, not sensitive to changes over time. Only baseline KFT data were significantly related to functional changes over a long period of time as measured by the KFT, and only in the early RA group.Discussion and ConclusionThe Danish translation of the KFT showed good reliability, acceptable concurrent validity, very poor responsiveness, and inconclusive results concerning predictive validity. The results of this study do not support the use of the KFT for monitoring function in clinical practice, as an outcome measure in clinical trials, or as a predictor of functional changes.
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Physical Therapists: A Prospective Cohort Study With 1-Year Follow-up
Authors: Campo Marc , Weiser Sherri , Koenig Karen L , Nordin Margareta 
Published: February 2008

BackgroundWork-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have a significant impact on physical therapists, but few studies have addressed the issue. Research is needed to determine the scope of the problem and the effects of specific risk factors.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the 1-year incidence rate of WMSDs in physical therapists and (2) to determine the effects of specific risk factors.DesignThis was a prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up.MethodsSubjects were randomly selected American Physical Therapy Association members (N=882). Exposure assessment included demographic data, physical risk factors, job strain, and specific physical therapy tasks. The primary outcome was WMSDs, with a severity rating of at least 4/10 and present at least once a month or lasting longer than a week.ResultsThe response rate to the baseline questionnaire was 67%. Ninety-three percent of the subjects who responded to the baseline questionnaire responded to the follow-up questionnaire. The 1-year incidence rate of WMSDs was 20.7%. Factors that increased the risk for WMSDs included patient transfers, patient repositioning, bent or twisted postures, joint mobilization, soft tissue work, and job strain.LimitationsThe primary limitation of this study was the number of therapists who had a change in their job situation during the follow-up year.ConclusionsWork-related musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in physical therapists. Physical therapy exposures, patient handling, and manual therapy, in particular, increase the risk for WMSDs.
Treatment of degloving injuries with autogenous full thickness mesh scrotal free grafts
Authors: Dhupa S. , Harris J. E. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryIn this report, we evaluated the effectiveness of scrotal tissue as an autogenous free skin graft to treat cutaneous degloving injuries of the distal limb in dogs. Surgery was performed on two male intact dogs with distal extremity degloving wounds. Dog #1 had a tarsal degloving wound with exposure of the distal tibial and tarsal bones. Dog #2 had a degloving injury over the metacarpals. Wounds were treated with daily wetto- dry bandages in order to develop a healthy bed of granulation tissue at the graft recipient site. Scrotal ablation castration was performed once the recipient site had been prepared. Subcutaneous and adipose tissue were excised from the scrotal graft and mesh slits were created. The graft was applied to the recipient site with monofilament absorbable simple interrupted sutures. Bandaging was performed postoperatively, and bandage changes occurred four, seven, nine and 11 days postoperatively. Follow-up was performed at 30 days. In dog #1, the tarsal degloving injury graft had first intention healing with 100% graft take on day 11. In dog #2, the metacarpal degloving injury graft had 90% graft take on day nine, with second intention healing adjacent to the fifth digit pad. The scrotum is often discarded at the time of scrotal ablation castration. Distal extremity wounds can be successfully treated with free skin grafts. In male dogs, the scrotum is a viable option as a full thickness mesh free graft for distal extremity reconstructive surgery.
Mechanical testing of 3.5 mm locking and non-locking bone plates
Authors: DeTora M. , Kraus K. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryLocking plate technologies are being developed in order to provide the surgeon with advantages over previous bone plate systems (both locking and non-locking). Locking plate systems possess inherent biological advantages in fracture fixation by preserving the periosteal blood supply, serving as internal fixators. It is important to consider the strength of each orthopaedic implant as an important selection criterion while utilizing the reported advantages of locking plate systems to prevent catastrophic fracture failure. Mechanical testing of orthopaedic implants is a common method used to provide a surgeon with insight on mechanical capabilities, as well as to form a standardized method of plate comparison. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate and to quantify observed differences in the bending strength between the LCP (Limited Contact Plate), LC-DCP, 3.5 mm Broad LC-DCP (Limited Contact Dynamic Compression Plate), and SOP (String of Pearls) orthopaedic bone plates. The study design followed the ASTM standard test method for static bending properties of metallic bone plates, which is designed to measure mechanical properties of bone plates subjected to bending, the most common loading encountered in vivo. Single cycle four point bending was performed on each orthopaedic implant. The area moment of inertia, bending stiffness, bending strength, and bending structural stiffness were calculated for each implant. The results of this study demonstrated significant differences (p<0.001) in bending strength and stiffness between the four orthopaedic implants (3.5 Broad LC-DCP>SOP>LCP=LC-DCP). The 3.5 mm LCP should be expected to provide in vivo strength and stiffness similar to a comparable LC-DCP. The SOP should provide strength and stiffness that is greater than a comparable LC-DCP but less than a 3.5 mm Broad LC-DCP.
Proximal tibial epiphysiodesis to reduce tibial plateau slope in young dogs with cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle
Authors: Bohorquez Vanelli A. , Modenato M. , Dziezyc J. , Devine Slocum T. , Vezzoni A. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of proximal tibial epiphysiodesis to reduce the tibial plateau slope in young dogs with cranial cruciale ligament (CCL) deficient stifles. Of the 14 treated dogs, eight had a bilateral injury, for a total of 22 joints. After physical and radiographical examination and measurement of tibial plateau slope, all of the dogs underwent surgery. Insertion of the screw was placed in the most proximal part of the tibial plateau, in its medio-lateral centre, aiming to the tibial shaft and using a K wire predriven as a guide; correct position of the screw was confirmed with intraoperative fluoroscopy or radiography. In all of the dogs the tibial slope was decreased at the time of physis fusion and the degree of change depended on the age and the breed of the dog at the time of surgery. The minimum change was 4° and the maximum was 24°. There was a statistically significant difference between tibial slope measured before surgery compared to tibial slope measured at the last follow-up visit after surgery. This study shows that the partial proximal tibial fusion in dogs with ACL injuries was effective in reducing the tibial slope during the residual growing time to such an extent to stabilize the joint, provided that the surgery had been carried out when there was still residual growing potential. The technique appeared to be mini-invasive and malalignment complications could be avoided by correct and precise insertion of the screw.
Factors affecting outcome of extensor tendon lacerations in the distal limb of horses
Authors: Martens A. , Bogaert L. , Wilderjans H. , Mespoulhès-Rivière C. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryDistal limb lacerations are common injuries in horses, with a better prognosis reported for extensor tendons lacerations compared to flexor tendons lacerations. The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of type and location of injury, modalities of treatment and post surgical complications on the outcome of extensor tendon lacerations. The medical records of 156 horses surgically treated for extensor tendon lacerations over a 10-year period were analysed retrospectively. Information was obtained for 124 horses with a minimum of 18 months follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed on 129 horses (five horses were euthanatized during hospitalization) in order to determine factors affecting outcome. Seventy-four percent of the horses returned to soundness, 17% had moderate gait impairment and 9% remained lame. Approximately 60% of the sports horses returned to an equal or higher level of performance, and 17.5% returned to a lower level. In the multivariate statistical analysis, the only significant factor that favourably influenced outcome was complete suture of the wound. A significant association could not be detected between outcome and absence of a functional extensor tendon, The most important post-surgical complication was extensive scarring of the wound. The present results report outcome of extensor tendon lacerations in a large number of horses and outline the importance of primary wound healing in order to avoid major scarring with potential functional consequences.
Axial pull-out strength of 3.5 cortical and 4.0 cancellous bone screws placed in canine proximal tibias using manual and power tapping
Authors: Soniat M. E. , Elder S. , McLaughlin R. , Demko J. L. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryAn in vitro experimental cadaveric mechanical testing study was performed using 20 radiographically mature dogs, weighing between 18–33 kg. The aim of the study was to compare the axial pull-out strength of 3.5 mm cortical and 4.0 mm cancellous bone screws inserted in the canine proximal tibia using manual and power tapping techniques. 3.5 cortical and 4.0 cancellous bone screws were inserted in canine cadaver proximal tibiae using a manual or power tapping technique. The screws were extracted using a servohydraulic materials testing machine in order to measure axial pullout strength. Axial pull-out strength was recorded relative to the total bone width and total cortical width of each tibia. The mean axial pull-out strength for all constructs was 717.8±56.5 N without any statistically significant difference among groups (p=0.4183). The groups were equal in animal body weight, cortical width and total bone width (p=0.2808). The axial pull-out strength in proportion to cortical and total bone width was not significantly different among groups (p=0.5318). Axial pull-out strengths of 3.5 mm cortical and 4.0 mm cancellous bone screws inserted in the proximal tibial metaphysis were not significantly different. Axial pull-out strength was not affected by the use of power tapping in either screw type.
Cauda equina syndrome treated by lumbosacral stabilisation in a cat
Authors: Cariou M. P. , Petite A. F. , Rayward R. M. , Störk C. K. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryIn this case report, a case of cauda equina syndrome arising from lumbosacral disease in an eight-year-old Burmese cat is described. The cat had a history of chronic right pelvic limb lameness. Neurological evaluation was consistent with a lesion involving the cauda equina. Radiographic findings were consistent with a diagnosis of lumbosacral disease. Due to perceived dorsoventral lumbosacral instability, dorsal decompression and stabilisation of the lumbosacral junction was performed. An original method of spinal stabilisation for this indication is described. The cat had a successful long-term outcome with complete resolution of its presenting clinical signs.
Traumatic dislocation of the lumbosacral joint in two cats
Authors: Koch D. , Voss K. , Zulauf D. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe clinical and radiological features, surgical treatment, and outcome of two cats with traumatically induced dislocation of the lumbosacral joint are described in this report. The dislocation of the lumbosacral joint was concurrent with dorsal luxation of the articular facets in both cases. Open reduction, followed by stabilization with a dorsal suture sling, resulted in a good clinical outcome.
Electrophilic Fluorination with
N
–
F
Reagents
Authors: Baudoux Jérôme , Cahard Dominique 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The synthesis of selectively fluorinated molecules is an important challenge in organic chemistry. This topic has received considerable attention because of the utility of fluorinated compounds in a wide variety of disciplines. There are three types of fluorination depending on whether the fluorine atom is radical, anionic, or cationic. Fluorine radicals are of little synthetic use because of the difficulties in controlling their reactivity. Fluorine is utilized in nucleophilic as well as electrophilic fluorinations Molecular fluorine is the simplest reagent of this type, however, its safe handling is difficult. Stable, selective reagents are crucial to the development of electrophilic fluorination. N‐F reagents have emerged as generally safer and easier to handle selective sources of electrophilic fluorine. N‐F reagents offer a range of fluorinating powers and some are available commercially. Two classes are known: neutral N‐F reagents and quaternary ammonium N‐F reagents (quaternary salts are usually the more powerful). N‐F reagents popularity arises because they posses a long shelf life, several are commercially available, and they can be handled safely in glassware. The drawback is the preferential use of molecular fluorine for their preparation. This article deals with the preparation and the use of all types of electrophilic fluorinating agents possessing the N‐F moiety.
Ketones of Four or Five Carbons
Authors: O'Donoghue John L. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

A ketone is an organic compound containing a carbonyl group (CO) attached to two carbon atoms and can be represented by the general formula

image

Several billion pounds of ketones are produced annually for industrial use in the United States. Those with the highest production volumes include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, 4‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐2‐pentanone, isophorone, mesityl oxide, and acetophenone. Common methods used to manufacture ketones include aliphatic hydrocarbon oxidation, alcohol dehydration with subsequent oxidation, dehydrogenation of phenol, alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon oxidation, and condensation reactions.
Ketones are used because of their ease of production, low manufacturing cost, excellent solvent properties, and desirable physical properties such as low viscosity, moderate vapor pressure, low to moderate boiling points, high evaporation rates, and a wide range of miscibility with other liquids. The low‐molecular‐weight aliphatic ketones are miscible with water and organic solvents, whereas the high‐molecular‐weight aliphatic and aromatic ketones are generally immiscible with water. Most ketones are chemically stable. The exceptions are mesityl oxide, which can form peroxides, and methyl isopropenyl ketone, which polymerizes. Most ketones are generally of low flammability.
Ketones are commonly used in industry as solvents, extractants, chemical intermediates, and, to a lesser extent, flavor and fragrance ingredients. Ketones have also been reported in the ambient air, in wastewater treatment plants, and in oil field brine discharges.
Cover Picture: Surface Wrinkles for Smart Adhesion (Adv. Mater. 4/2008)
Authors: Chan E. P. , Smith E. J. , Hayward R. C. , Crosby A. J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA patterned adhesive, based on surface wrinkling through swelling of a laterally confined polymer film, is presented by Alfred J. Crosby and co‐workers on p. 711. The image highlights the interface between the wrinkles (bright cylinders) of the patterned adhesive separating from a glass substrate (circular region). Enhanced control of adhesion is attributed to contact line splitting, which is fundamental to adhesion control in numerous examples in nature, for example, the gecko.
Inside Front Cover: Could Green be Greener? Novel Donor–Acceptor‐Type Electrochromic Polymers: Towards Excellent Neutral Green Materials with Exceptional Transmissive Oxidized States for Completion of RGB Color Space (Adv. Mater. 4/2008)
Authors: Gunbas G. E. , Durmus A. , Toppare L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe design and synthesis of novel donor–acceptor type polymers that are green in the neutral and highly transmissive in the oxidized state were presented. The polymers reveal superior optical contrasts in the visible region, exceptional long‐term stability, and extremely fast switching times. Combined, these materials are paramount candidates for completion of RGB color space towards realization of display devices, report Levent Toppare and co‐workers on p. 691.
Lethal vascular leak syndrome after denileukin diftitox administration to a patient with cutaneous gamma/delta T‐cell lymphoma and occult cirrhosis
Authors: Avarbock Andrew B. , Loren Alison W. , Park Jason Y. , Junkins‐Hopkins Jacqueline M. , Choi John , Litzky Leslie A. , Rook Alain H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDenileukin diftitox (Ontak) is an immunotoxin used in the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas. Vascular leak syndrome is a known complication of this therapy, although the syndrome is most often self‐limited. We report the case of a patient with cutaneous gamma/delta (γδ) T‐cell lymphoma and previous undiagnosed liver disease treated with denileukin diftitox. Just 4 days after initiating drug therapy, the patient developed profound vascular leak syndrome characterized by a rapid fall in his previously normal serum albumin to levels below the limit of detection. The patient then quickly deteriorated into rhabdomyolysis and eventual death. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a death directly related to denileukin diftitox therapy. The purpose of this case is to increase awareness and improve management of patients who are treated with denileukin diftitox with resulting vascular leak syndrome leading to hypoalbuminemia. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis: Current management and the prospect of targeted therapy
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe recent discovery of JAK2 and/or MPL mutations in polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) has had a major impact on how we diagnose and treat these disorders. For instance, the presence of a JAK2 mutation is now considered conditio sine qua non for the diagnosis of PV and the World Health Organization classification system has recently revised its diagnostic criteria for PV, ET, and PMF to include JAK2 and MPL mutations as clonal markers. From the standpoint of treatment, JAK‐STAT is now identified as a legitimate target pathway for drug development in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Herein, I will first outline my views regarding current management in ET, PV, and PMF and then discuss emerging data on preclinical and clinical activity of anti‐JAK2 small molecule drugs. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anionic surfactant‐aided preparation of high surface area and high thermal stability ceria/zirconia‐mixed oxide from cerium and zirconium glycolates via sol–gel process and its reduction property
Authors: Rumruangwong M. , Wongkasemjit S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis work is focused on the ceria zirconia mixed oxide prepared through a surfactant‐introduced synthesis method. High surface area nanoparticle mesoporous ceria/zirconia‐mixed oxide was successfully synthesized and characterized using various techniques. High surface area mesoporous fluorite‐structured CeO2ZrO2 was obtained from the elimination of surfactants upon calcination. A surface area in excess of 205.6 m2/g was obtained after calcination at 500 °C, and dropped to 75.96 m2/g by heating at 900 °C. Temperature‐programming reduction (TPR) results showed that the lowest reduction temperature was obtained from the sample containing 40% zirconia content. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.