bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swing‐up and stabilization control of a cart– pendulum system via energy control and controlled Lagrangian methods
Authors: Sakurama Kazunori , Hara Satoshi , Nakano Kazushi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper addresses a swing‐up and stabilizing problem for a cart– pendulum system, which consists of a pendulum and a motor‐driven cart. Existing methods are based on the strategy of swing‐up of the pendulum by energy control methods, then switching the controllers to balance the pendulum when it approaches the upright position. The switching angle influences significantly control performance, so the pendulum might fall down if the angle is inadequately chosen. This paper proposes a swing‐up and stabilizing control method which makes it possible to determine an appropriate switching angle more arbitrarily. In addition to the energy control method for swing‐up, a stabilizing method based on controlled Lagrangians is adopted instead of a linear controller. The attractive domain of the closed‐loop system with this method can be known in advance and is wider than with linear controllers. In this way, our proposed control strategy overcomes the difficulty in choosing the switching angle of the controllers. An experimental result illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(4): 24– 31, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20534
Experimental and analytical studies on lightning surge characteristics of ground mesh
Authors: Motoyama Hideki 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLightning surge characteristics of a ground mesh have an influence on electromagnetic transient behaviors in low‐voltage and control circuits. This paper describes experimental and analytical studies on lightning surge characteristics of a ground mesh. The experimental studies are carried out under various conditions. The experimental parameters considered in this measurement include earth resistances, current injection points, and injection current waveforms. These measured results are compared with calculated results based on the theoretical studies by Sunde. A comparison of the measured results with the calculated results shows good agreement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(4): 16– 23, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20559
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Heptanuclear and an Octanuclear Copper(II) Complex Derived from α‐D‐Glucofuranoses
Authors: Gottschaldt Michael , Wegner Rainer , Görls Helmar , Jäger Ernst‐G. , Klemm Dieter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCuII complexes of different 6‐(β‐keto‐enamino)‐6‐deoxy‐1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐glucofuranoses 3a–f have a high tendency to build up oligonuclear clusters. Two new oligonuclear copper(II) complexes could be synthesised, crystallised and their structures determined. The complex Cu(3a) was found to consist of a heptanuclear cluster in which two β‐cubane like substructures share one copper ion. The structure is highly asymmetric and in the cluster every CuII ion has a different coordination geometry. Variation of the residues of the β‐ketoenaminic unit leads to the formation of the octanuclear copper(II) complex Cu(3e). Similarly, this has two β‐cubane subunits consisting of a heptanuclear structure with an additionally attached copper ion. In the crystal, two Cu8 cluster molecules are found differing in their geometries due to intermolecular interactions responsible for the formation of a supramolecular network. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis, Structure, Protolytic Properties, Alkylating and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes with Pyrazole‐Derived Ligands
Authors: Budzisz Elzbieta , Malecka Magdalena , Keppler Bernhard K. , Arion Vladimir B. , Andrijewski Grzegorz , Krajewska Urszula , Rozalski Marek 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNovel platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes [PtCl2(HL1)] (3a), [NH2(CH3)2][PtCl2(L1)] (3b), [PdCl2(HL1)] (4a), [NH2(CH3)2][PdCl2(L1)] (4b) and [PdCl(CH3CN)(L1)] (4c), where HL1 = 4‐(2‐hydroxybenzoyl)‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐ol, have been synthesised as potential anticancer compounds. Protonation constants of the ligand were determined by pH‐metric titration (log K1 = 7.74 ± 0.03; log K2 = 2.85 ± 0.05). The solid‐state structures of complexes 3b and 4c have been determined by X‐ray diffraction, showing square‐planar coordination geometry of PtII and PdII ions. In addition, the compounds have been characterised by IR, 1H NMR and FAB mass spectrometry. The results of preliminary studies on the cytotoxic activity in vitro against HL‐60 and NALM‐6 leukaemia cell lines are also reported and the IC50 values compared with those of the metal‐free ligand and cisplatin. Cytotoxic evaluation revealed that PtII and PdII complexes were active in the micromolar concentration range.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Atmospheric Pressure Carbon Dioxide Using Exceptionally Active Aluminium(salen) Complexes as Catalysts
Authors: Meléndez Jaisiel , North Michael , Pasquale Riccardo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDimetallic aluminium(salen) complexes show exceptionally high catalytic activity for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from terminal epoxides at ambient temperature and pressure. The process has the potential to contribute towards decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Electrons as a Reagent in Solid‐Phase Organic Synthesis
Authors: Mentel Matthias , Breinbauer Rolf 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSolid‐Phase Organic Synthesis (SPOS) has become an important tool for the high‐throughput synthesis of bioactive molecules or new catalysts. The main advantage of this approach is the covalent attachment of the substrate to an insoluble support, enabling reaction workup through simple filtration. However, the heterogeneous nature of SPOS imposes limitations on the organic reactions applicable on solid phase. Electron‐transfer reactions and electroorganic synthesis are reaction types that have not yet received much attention in this context. In this review the current status of electron‐transfer reactions carried out on solid phase is described and future developments are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Induction of V(D)J‐mediated recombination of an extrachromosomal substrate following exposure to DNA‐damaging agents
Authors: Pinsonneault Robert L. , Vacek Pamela M. , O'Neill J. Patrick , Finette Barry A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractV(D)J recombinase normally mediates recombination signal sequence (RSS) directed rearrangements of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) germline gene segments that lead to the generation of diversified T cell receptor or immunoglobulin proteins in lymphoid cells. Of significant clinical importance is that V(D)J‐recombinase‐mediated rearrangements at immune RSS and nonimmune cryptic RSS (cRSS) have been implicated in the genomic alterations observed in lymphoid malignancies. There is growing evidence that exposure to DNA‐damaging agents can increase the frequency of V(D)J‐recombinase‐mediated rearrangements in vivo in humans. In this study, we investigated the frequency of V(D)J‐recombinase‐mediated rearrangements of an extrachromosomal V(D)J plasmid substrate following exposure to alkylating agents and ionizing radiation. We observed significant dose‐ and time‐dependent increases in V(D)J recombination frequency (V(D)J RF) following exposure to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) but not a nonreactive analogue, methylsulfone (MeSulf). We also observed a dose‐dependent increase in V(D)J RF when cells were exposed to gamma radiation. The induction of V(D)J rearrangements following exposure to DNA‐damaging agents was not associated with an increase in the expression of RAG 1/2 mRNA compared to unexposed controls or an increase in expression of the DNA repair Ku70, Ku80 or Artemis proteins of the nonhomologous end joining pathway. These studies demonstrate that genotoxic alkylating agents and ionizing radiation can induce V(D)J rearrangements through a cellular response that appears to be independent of differential expression of proteins involved with V(D)J recombination. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased mutant frequency by carbon black, but not quartz, in the lacZ and cII transgenes of muta™mouse lung epithelial cells
Authors: Jacobsen Nicklas Raun , Saber Anne Thoustrup , White Paul , Møller Peter , Pojana Giulio , Vogel Ulla , Loft Steffen , Gingerich John , Soper Lynda , Douglas George R. , Wallin Håkan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCarbon black and quartz are relatively inert solid particulate materials that are carcinogenic in laboratory animals. Quartz is a human carcinogen, whereas data on carbon black are contradictory, and there are few data on mammalian mutagenesis. We determined the mutant frequency following eight repeated 72‐hr incubations with 75 μg/ml carbon black (Printex 90) or 100 μg/ml quartz (SRM1878a) particles in the FE1 Muta™Mouse lung epithelial cell line. For carbon black exposed cells, the mutant frequency was 1.40‐fold (95% CI: 1.22–1.58) for cII and 1.23‐fold (95% CI: 1.10–1.37) for lacZ compared with identically passaged untreated cells. Quartz did not significantly affect the mutant frequency. Carbon black also induced DNA strand breaks (P = 0.02) and oxidized purines (P = 0.008), as measured by the Comet assay. Quartz induced marginally more oxidized purines, but no change in strand breaks. We detected five (phenanthrene, flouranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, and chrysene) of the 16 EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an extract of carbon black. The detected PAHs are only weakly mutagenic compared with benzo[a]pyrene, and were present in very low amounts. In conclusion, carbon black was weakly mutagenic in vitro at the cII and lacZ loci. It also induced DNA strand breaks and oxidized DNA bases. More studies are essential for understanding the biological significance of these findings, and clearly documenting DNA sequence changes. The results do not necessarily imply that other carbonaceous nano materials are genotoxic. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aberrations in chromosomes associated with lymphoma and therapy‐related leukemia in benzene‐exposed workers
Authors: Zhang Luoping , Rothman Nathaniel , Li Guilan , Guo Weihong , Yang Wei , Hubbard Alan E. , Hayes Richard B. , Yin Songnian , Lu Wei , Smith Martyn T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEpidemiological studies show that benzene exposure is associated with an increased incidence of leukemia and perhaps lymphoma. Chromosomal rearrangements are common in these hematopoietic diseases. Translocation t(14;18), the long‐arm deletion of chromosome 6 [del(6q)], and trisomy 12 are frequently observed in lymphoma patients. Rearrangements of the MLL gene located on chromosome 11q23, such as t(4;11) and t(6;11), are common in therapy‐related leukemias resulting from treatment with topoisomerase II inhibiting drugs. To examine numerical and structural changes in these chromosomes (2, 4, 6, 11, 12, 14, and 18), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed on metaphase spreads from workers exposed to benzene (n = 43) and matched controls (n = 44) from Shanghai, China. Aneuploidy (both monosomy and trisomy) of all seven chromosomes was increased by benzene exposure. Benzene also induced del(6q) in a dose‐dependent manner (Ptrend = 0.0002). Interestingly, translocations between chromosomes 14 and 18, t(14;18), known to be associated with follicular non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, were increased in the highly exposed workers (P < 0.001). On the other hand, translocations between chromosome 11 and other partner chromosomes that are found in therapy‐induced leukemias were not increased. These data add weight to the notion that benzene can induce t(14;18) and del(6q) found in lymphoma, but do not support the idea that benzene induces t(4;11) or t(6;11). However, they do not rule out the possibility that other rearrangements of the MLL gene at chromosome 11q23 may be induced by benzene. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effectiveness of simple approaches in mitigating residual deformations in buildings
Authors: Pettinga Didier , Christopoulos Constantin , Pampanin Stefano , Priestley Nigel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDevelopments in performance‐based seismic design and assessment approaches have emphasized the importance of considering residual deformations. Recent investigations have also led to a proposed direct displacement‐based design (DDBD) approach which includes an explicit consideration of the expected residual deformations as an integral part of the design process. Having estimated the expected residual deformations in a structure,
engineers are faced with the problem of reducing them to meet the targeted performance levels under pre‐defined seismic hazard levels. Previous studies have identified the post‐yield stiffness as a primary factor influencing the magnitude of residual deformations in single degree of freedom and multiple degree of freedom structures. In this paper, a series of simple approaches to increase the post‐yield stiffness of traditional framed and braced systems for the purpose of reducing residual deformations are investigated. These methods do not utilize recentring post‐tensioned technology. This contribution addresses the feasibility of altering the lateral post‐yield stiffness of structural systems by: (i) using different reinforcement materials with beneficial features in their stress–strain behaviour; (ii) re‐designing the section geometry and properties of primary seismic‐resisting elements; and (iii) introducing a secondary elastic frame to act in parallel with the primary system. The efficiency of each of these techniques is investigated through monotonic and cyclic moment‐curvature and non‐linear time‐history analyses. Of these approaches the design and introduction of an elastic secondary system was found to be most effective and consistent in reducing residual deformations. A simplified design approach for achieving the desired increase of a system's post‐yield stiffness is also presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of seismic drift and ductility demands in planar regular X‐braced steel frames
Authors: Karavasilis Theodore L. , Bazeos Nikitas , Beskos Dimitri E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper summarizes the results of an extensive study on the inelastic seismic response of X‐braced steel buildings. More than 100 regular multi‐storey tension‐compression X‐braced steel frames are subjected to an ensemble of 30 ordinary (i.e. without near fault effects) ground motions. The records are scaled to different intensities in order to drive the structures to different levels of inelastic deformation. The statistical analysis of the created response databank indicates that the number of stories, period of vibration, brace slenderness ratio and column stiffness strongly influence the amplitude and heightwise distribution of inelastic deformation. Nonlinear regression analysis is employed in order to derive simple formulae which reflect the aforementioned influences and offer a direct estimation of drift and ductility demands. The uncertainty of this estimation due to the record‐to‐record variability is discussed in detail. More specifically, given the strength (or behaviour) reduction factor, the proposed formulae provide reliable estimates of the maximum roof displacement, the maximum interstorey drift ratio and the maximum cyclic ductility of the diagonals along the height of the structure. The strength reduction factor refers to the point of the first buckling of the diagonals in the building and thus, pushover analysis and estimation of the overstrength factor are not required. This design‐oriented feature enables both the rapid seismic assessment of existing structures and the direct deformation‐controlled seismic design of new ones. A comparison of the proposed method with the procedures adopted in current seismic design codes reveals the accuracy and efficiency of the former. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Common chromosomal abnormalities in mycosis fungoides transformation
Authors: Prochazkova Martina , Chevret Edith , Mainhaguiet Guillaume , Sobotka Jiri , Vergier Béatrice , Belaud‐Rotureau Marc‐Antoine , Beylot‐Barry Marie , Merlio Jean‐Philippe 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo identify cytogenetic features of large cell transformation in mycosis fungoides (T‐MF), we selected in 11 patients, 16 samples either from skin tumors (13), lymph node (1), or peripheral blood cells (2) collected at the time of the transformation. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), G‐banding, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), multicolour FISH (mFISH), and DNA content analysis were used. Fifteen samples displayed unbalanced CGH profiles, with gains more frequently observed than losses. Recurrent chromosomal alterations were observed for chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 9, 17, and 19. The most common imbalances were gain of chromosome regions 1p36, 7, 9q34, 17q24‐qter, 19, and loss of 2q36‐qter, 9p21, and 17p. In six samples 1p36‐pter gain was associated with 9q34‐qter gain and whole chromosome 19 gain. In five of these samples whole or partial gain of chromosome 17 was also observed. No specific pattern was seen with regard to the expression of the CD30 antigen by tumor cells. Cytogenetics and/or DNA content analysis of skin tumor cells revealed an abnormal chromosome number in all tested cases (n = 7) with DNA ploidy ranging from hyperdiploid (2.78) to hypotetraploid (3.69) (mean 3.14+/−0.38). Thus, T‐MF displayed frequent chromosomal imbalances associated with hypotetraploidy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of quality indicators for memory clinics
Authors: Drašković Irena , Vernooij‐Dassen Myrra , Verhey Frans , Scheltens Philip , Rikkert Marcel Olde 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a set of relevant, feasible, and reliable quality indicators (QIs) for the Memory Clinics (MCs).BackgroundMCs are important care providers for people with dementia and their caregivers. A set of valid QIs is needed to incorporate evidence‐based guidelines into MC clinical practice, and measure adherence to guidelines.MethodsA total of 17 MC specialists, 12 primary care physicians; and seven informal caregivers participated in several Delphi rounds to select and validate QIs. Ten MCs participated in the indicator compliance study involving the analysis of data extracted from 100 medical records.ResultsThe initial set of 56 single QIs was reduced to a final set of 14 indicators measuring the quality of processes, structures, and outcomes of care. The panels of representatives of MCs, primary care physicians, and informal caregivers judged overall face validity to be high. The differences in compliance rates between the three indicator types were significant (p < 0.001) as were the differences between the MCs (p < 0.005). The compliance measures were highest for the process indicators and lowest for the outcome indicators.ConclusionThe final set of 14 QIs that met the psychometric requirements can be used to facilitate the implementation of guidelines and the assessment of the quality of care offered by MCs. The QIs are acceptable for a broad range of users (specialists, referring physicians, and informal caregivers), and are capable of discriminating between MCs in terms of quality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suicide after hospitalization in the elderly: a population based study of suicides in Northern Finland between 1988–2003
Authors: Karvonen Kaisa , Räsänen Pirkko , Hakko Helinä , Timonen Markku , Meyer‐Rochow V. Benno , Särkioja Terttu , Koponen Hannu J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveElderly people commit suicide more often than people under the age of 65. An elevated risk is also attached to depression and other axis I psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the preferred suicide method, effect of primary psychiatric diagnosis, and length of time between discharge from psychiatric hospitalization and suicide. The lack of information is most apparent in the oldest old (individuals over 75 years).MethodsOn the basis of forensic examinations, data on suicide rates were separately examined for the 50–64, 65–74 and over 75 year‐olds (Total n = 564) with regard to suicide method, history of psychiatric hospitalization and primary diagnoses gathered from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. Study population consisted of all suicides committed between 1988 and 2003 in the province of Oulu in Northern Finland.ResultsOf the oldest old, females had more frequent hospitalizations than males in connection with psychiatric disorders (61% vs 23%), of which depression was the most common (39% vs 14%). In this age group, 42% committed suicide within 3 months after being discharged from hospital and 83% used a violent method. Both elderly males and females were less often under the influence of alcohol, but used more often violent methods than middle‐aged persons.ConclusionsSuicide rates within the first 3 months following discharge from hospital in the 65–74 and the over 75 year olds were substantial and should influence post‐hospitalization treatment strategies. To reduce the risk of suicides in elderly patients discharged from hospital, close post‐hospitalization supervision combined with proper psychoactive medication and psychotherapy, are possible interventions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unusual presentation of oropharyngeal Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Choussy Olivier , Haverbeke Christophe Van , Babin Emmanuel , Francois Arnaud , Duval‐Modeste Anne Bénédicte , Dehesdin Daniele 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground.The aim of this article is to focus ear, nose, and throat (ENT) practitioners on a pathology rarely seen within the head and neck mucosa.Methods.A 62‐year‐old black African man was referred to our ENT department for dysphagia and hoarseness. Physical ENT examination revealed a smooth normal mucosal mass on the left lateral pharyngeal wall, which masked the inlet of the larynx, and bilateral cervical lymph nodes but no other mucosal lesions. Anti–human immunodeficiency virus antibodies were found to be negative. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, and platelet count were normal. Serum protein electrophoresis was also normal. A CT scan confirmed the lesion and lymph node involvement. Treatment consisted of a transoral endoscopic resection with ligature of the pedicle, with the patient under general anesthesia. The patient's improved medical condition permitted 11 cycles of bleomycin (15 mg/3 weeks).Results.A 5‐month fibroscopic follow‐up control showed no recurrence, and total clinical regression was observed after 1 year. Three years later, all ENT lesions had disappeared, with no adenopathy or mucosal lesions.Conclusion.Kaposi's sarcoma is a pathology that the ENT practitioner must keep in mind when patients present with a laryngopharyngeal mass. The symptomatic cases were all surgically treated; however, death subsequently occurred. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2008