bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring fast‐moving animals—Building a customized camera system and evaluation toolset
Authors: Wittmann Katharina , Gamal Ibrahim Mohamed , Straw Andrew David , Klein Alexandra‐Maria , Staab Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Automated cameras (including camera traps) are an established observation tool, allowing, for example the identification of behaviours and monitoring without harming organisms. However, limitations including imperfect detection, insufficient data storage and power supply restrict the use of camera traps, making inexpensive and customizable solutions desirable. We describe a camera system and evaluation toolset based on Raspberry Pi computers and YOLOv5 that can overcome those shortcomings with its modular properties. We facilitate the set‐up and modification for researchers via detailed step‐by‐step guides.

A customized camera system prototype was constructed to monitor fast‐moving organisms on a continuous schedule. For testing and benchmarking, we recorded mason bees (Osmia cornuta) approaching nesting aids on 20 sites. To efficiently process the extensive video material, we developed an evaluation toolset utilizing the convolutional neural network YOLOv5 to detect bees in the videos.

In the field test, the camera system performed reliably for more than a week (2 h per day) under varying weather conditions. YOLOv5 detected and classified bees with only 775 original training images. Overall detection reliability varied depending on camera perspective, site and weather conditions, but a high average detection precision (78%) was achieved, which was confirmed by a human observer (80% of algorithm‐based detections confirmed).

The customized camera system mitigates several disadvantages of commercial camera traps by using interchangeable components and incorporates all major requirements a researcher has for working in the field including moderate costs, easy assembly and an external energy source. We provide detailed user guides to bridge the gap between ecology, computer science and engineering.
More than just joy: A qualitative analysis of participant experiences during nitrous oxide sedation
Authors: Valtonen Petra , Markkanen Saara , Järventausta Kaija , Tenhunen Mirja , Kalliomäki Maija‐Liisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundNitrous oxide use is shifting from general anesthesia to sedation and pain control. Interest in novel uses of nitrous oxide in psychiatry is also growing. Thus, understanding the consequences of using nitrous oxide remains relevant. Previous quantitative research might not have fully captured the whole spectrum of nitrous oxide, whereas qualitative analysis can provide a more comprehensive description. This qualitative study aims to describe the subjective experiences of nitrous oxide use in healthy volunteers who have no prior history of recreational substance misuse.MethodsTwenty healthy male volunteers inhaled 50% nitrous oxide for 20 min. Females were excluded due to higher incidence of nausea with nitrous oxide. Afterwards, all participants answered an open‐ended question about their experiences during sedation. The answers were then analyzed with inductive qualitative content analysis to identify emergent subcategories, categories, and overarching themes.ResultsWe identified two themes: nitrous oxide is mind‐altering and produces sensory overload. The mind‐altering properties were represented by dreamlike states and heightened emotions. Dreamlike states comprised changes in consciousness and scary, bizarre, or transcendental dreams. Pleasant dreams were not reported. Heightened emotions included euphoria, anxiety, and fear of losing control. Sensory overload consists of distorted perception, bodily sensations, and a heightened sense of surroundings.ConclusionsExperiences under nitrous oxide sedation are extremely variable and not always pleasant. These findings can improve our understanding of the likes/dislikes of patients undergoing nitrous oxide sedation. Further qualitative studies should focus on the experiences of other groups, such as children or women in labor.
Validation of the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score during pregnancy: A nested case–control study
Authors: Moltubak Elin , Landerholm Kalle , Blomberg Marie , Andersson Roland E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesAppendicitis poses diagnostic challenges. A correct diagnosis is important during pregnancy to avoid unnecessary surgery on the one hand and delayed surgery on the other hand, as both may negatively affect pregnancy outcomes. Clinical scores for risk‐stratified management of suspected appendicitis are well established in adults but have not been validated during pregnancy. This nested case–control study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score and imaging during pregnancy.MethodsBy cross‐linking national Swedish health registries from a defined geographical area, we identified a cohort of 154 women who underwent appendectomy for suspected appendicitis during pregnancy and a matched cohort of 232 pregnant women admitted for acute abdominal pain and suspected appendicitis but with a discharge diagnosis of nonspecific abdominal pain (NSAP). All variables were extracted from medical records. The diagnostic value of AIR score and imaging was estimated for patients with a final diagnosis of appendicitis compared with patients with negative appendectomy and NSAP patients.ResultsThe final diagnoses for the operated patients were uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis in 49.4% and 26.6%, respectively, and negative appendectomy in 24.0%. Nearly half of all the patients underwent diagnostic imaging (41%), mainly by ultrasonography. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic imaging were 44.9% (95% CI 32.9%–57.4%) and 42.2% (95% CI 31.9%–53.1%), respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of AIR score was 0.88 (95% CI 0.84–0.92) for all appendicitis and 0.90 (95% CI 0.84–0.95) for complicated appendicitis. The sensitivity for complicated appendicitis was 100% at a score of ≥4. The specificity for all appendicitis was 97% at a score of ≥9.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the AIR score may be a suitable diagnostic tool for risk stratification of pregnant women with abdominal pain and suspected appendicitis but further validation among pregnant women is needed.
CEO compensation convexity and meeting‐or‐just‐beat earnings forecast
Authors: Bartov Eli , Chan Wilson Wai Ho , Cheng Hua , Hu Gang , Zhao Jingran 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA line of research documents that corporate executives' compensation convexity relates to earnings management, the issuance of management earnings forecasts and firms' investing and financing decisions. Another stream of research demonstrates that executives manage earnings expectations downward to beatable levels. We bridge these lines of research by investigating how CEO compensation convexity affects expectation management, an important earnings reporting strategy. We hypothesise and find that compensation convexity plays an important role in inducing CEOs to adopt a meet‐or‐just‐beat earnings reporting strategy, which is implemented by downward expectation management.
Effect of the timing of primary endodontic treatment and dosage of radiation therapy on the filling material removal
Authors: Fischer Bruna Venzke , Dias‐Junior Luiz Carlos de Lima , Minamisako Mariana Comparotto , Almeida Cristiane Maria , da Silva Luciano Roberto , Bortoluzzi Eduardo Antunes , Teixeira Cleonice da Silveira , Garcia Lucas da Fonseca Roberti 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of the timing of primary endodontic treatment and dosage of radiotherapy on the remaining filling material (RFM) during endodontic reintervention. 60 single‐rooted human mandibular premolars were distributed into five groups (n = 12), according to the timing and dosage of radiation (55Gy or 70Gy): NegativeCG‐non‐irradiated teeth; Endo‐pre‐RT55/70‐obturation before irradiation (55Gy or 70Gy); Endo‐post‐RT55/70‐obturation and reintervention after irradiation (55Gy or 70Gy). Roots were cleaved and analysed under stereomicroscope and Scanning Electron Microscope to quantify (%) the RFM. Experimental groups had a significantly greater amount (p < 0.05) of RFM in the middle and apical thirds than the control group, except for Endo‐pre‐RT55 in the middle third (p < 0.0001). The apical third had greater amount of RFM (p < 0.05). Radiation therapy, before and after primary endodontic treatment, increased the amount of RFM, regardless of the dose delivered. When necessary, reintervention preferably must be performed before radiation therapy.
Supervised machine learning for the prediction of post‐operative clinical outcomes of hip and knee replacements: a review
Authors: Ghadirinejad Khashayar , Milimonfared Roohollah , Taylor Mark , Solomon Lucian B. , Graves Stephen , Pratt Nicole , de Steiger Richard , Hashemi Reza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrediction models are being increasingly used in the medical field to identify risk factors and possible outcomes. Some of these are presently being used to develop guidelines for improving clinical practice. The application of machine learning (ML), comprising a powerful set of computational tools for analysing data, has been clearly expanding in the role of predictive modelling. This paper reviews the latest developments of supervised ML techniques that have been used to analyse data related to post‐operative total hip and knee replacements. The aim was to review the most recent findings of relevant published studies by outlining the methodologies employed (most‐widely used supervised ML techniques), data sources, domains, limitations of predictive analytics and the quality of predictions.
MedGermDB: A seed germination database for characteristic species of Mediterranean habitats
Authors: Cruz‐Tejada Diana María , Fernández‐Pascual Eduardo , Mo Alessio , Mattana Efisio , Carta Angelino 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeed germination is a crucial phase of plant responses in early life to current and future environmental conditions. However, germination data are still scarce or disaggregated for many plant lineages and regions, including global biodiversity hotspots such as the Mediterranean Basin. We present MedGermDB, the first germination database for characteristic species of Mediterranean habitats, as defined by the EUNIS classification. We also present a systematic approach to build germination databases using automatic and semi‐automatic data extraction from the literature. MedGermDB contains germination data for 4680 laboratory tests performed with 236 angiosperm species from 43 families, extracted from 125 literature sources (2837 sources screened). Each test is associated to a seed lot (i.e., a seed collection of a plant species obtained from a specific location at a specific time) and its metadata, recording geographical information and experimental conditions (storage, dormancy‐breaking treatments, incubation temperature, and photoperiod). MedGermDB is available as a csv file, and through a web app: https://dianamariacruztejada.shinyapps.io/medgermdb/. MedGermDB can be used to explore eco‐evolutionary questions and provides a backbone data set for informing effective seed‐based conservation and ecological restoration activities targeting EUNIS habitats. Our methodological approach to data extraction can be extended to other study systems, contributing to global efforts to mobilize germination data.
Cytosolic DNA sensor AIM2 promotes KRAS‐driven lung cancer independent of inflammasomes
Authors: Alanazi Mohammad , Weng Teresa , McLeod Louise , Gearing Linden J. , Smith Julian A. , Kumar Beena , Saad Mohamed I. , Jenkins Brendan J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConstitutively active KRAS mutations are among the major drivers of lung cancer, yet the identity of molecular co‐operators of oncogenic KRAS in the lung remains ill‐defined. The innate immune cytosolic DNA sensor and pattern recognition receptor (PRR) Absent‐in‐melanoma 2 (AIM2) is best known for its assembly of multiprotein inflammasome complexes and promoting an inflammatory response. Here, we define a role for AIM2, independent of inflammasomes, in KRAS‐addicted lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). In genetically defined and experimentally induced (nicotine‐derived nitrosamine ketone; NNK) LAC mouse models harboring the KrasG12D driver mutation, AIM2 was highly upregulated compared with other cytosolic DNA sensors and inflammasome‐associated PRRs. Genetic ablation of AIM2 in KrasG12D and NNK‐induced LAC mouse models significantly reduced tumor growth, coincident with reduced cellular proliferation in the lung. Bone marrow chimeras suggest a requirement for AIM2 in KrasG12D‐driven LAC in both hematopoietic (immune) and non‐hematopoietic (epithelial) cellular compartments, which is supported by upregulated AIM2 expression in immune and epithelial cells of mutant KRAS lung tissues. Notably, protection against LAC in AIM2‐deficient mice is associated with unaltered protein levels of mature Caspase‐1 and IL‐1β inflammasome effectors. Moreover, genetic ablation of the key inflammasome adapter, ASC, did not suppress KrasG12D‐driven LAC. In support of these in vivo findings, AIM2, but not mature Caspase‐1, was upregulated in human LAC patient tumor biopsies. Collectively, our findings reveal that endogenous AIM2 plays a tumor‐promoting role, independent of inflammasomes, in mutant KRAS‐addicted LAC, and suggest innate immune DNA sensing may provide an avenue to explore new therapeutic strategies in lung cancer.
Demystifying diabetes health coaching: A scoping review unveiling the ‘who’ and ‘where’ of health coaching for adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Su Rita , Whitmore Carly , Alliston Paige , Tanzini Elise , Kouzoukas Erika , Marttila Jennifer , Dragonetti Rosa , Selby Peter , Sherifali Diana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex chronic condition that requires ongoing self‐management. Diabetes health coaching interventions provide personalized healthcare programming to address physical and psychosocial aspects of diabetes self‐management.AimsThis scoping review aims to explore the contexts and settings of diabetes health coaching interventions for adults with T2D, using the RE‐AIM framework.MethodsA search was completed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Emcare, Embase and Cochrane. Included citations described adults with exclusively T2D who had received a health coaching intervention. Citations were excluded if they focused on any other types of diabetes or diabetes prevention.ResultsA total of 3418 records were identified through database and manual searches, with 29 citations selected for data extraction. Most health coaching interventions were delivered by health professionals, many employed lay health workers and a few included peer coaches. While many health coaching interventions were delivered remotely, in‐person intervention settings were distributed among primary care, community health settings and non‐healthcare sites.ConclusionThe findings of this review suggest that diabetes health coaching may be implemented by a variety of providers in different settings. Further research is required to standardize training and implementation of health coaching and evaluate its long‐term effectiveness.
Effect of anaemia and iron deficiency in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Schupp Tobias , Weidner Kathrin , Reinhardt Marielen , Abel Noah , Schmitt Alexander , Lau Felix , Kittel Maximilian , Bertsch Thomas , Weiß Christel , Behnes Michael , Akin Ibrahim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aims to clarify the prevalence and prognostic impact of anaemia and iron deficiency in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF).BackgroundThe prognostic impact of anaemia and iron deficiency in HFmrEF has not yet been clarified.MethodsConsecutive patients with HFmrEF were retrospectively included at one institution from 2016 to 2022. Patients with anaemia (i.e. haemoglobin <13 g/dL in males and < 12 g/dL in females) were compared to patients without, respectively patients with or without iron deficiency. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality at 30 months (median follow‐up), secondary endpoints comprised HF‐related rehospitalisation.ResultsTwo thousand one hundred and fifty four patients with HFmrEF with a median haemoglobin level of 12.2 g/dL were included. Anaemia was present in 52% of patients with HFmrEF and associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality (44% vs. 18%; HR = 3.021; 95% CI 2.552–3.576; p =.001) and HF‐related rehospitalisation (18% vs. 8%; HR = 2.351; 95% CI 1.819–3.040; p =.001) at 30 months, which was confirmed after multivariable adjustment. Although iron status was infrequently assessed in anaemics with HFmrEF (27%), the presence of iron deficiency was associated with higher risk of rehospitalisation for worsening HF (25% vs. 15%; HR = 1.746; 95% CI 1.024–2.976; p =.038), but not all‐cause mortality (p =.279) at 30 months.ConclusionAnaemia and iron deficiency are very common in atleast half of patients with HFmrEF and independently associated with adverse long‐term prognosis.
What are we worried about? Midlife married couples' financial concerns about their retirement
Authors: Yorgason Jeremy B. , Segel‐Karpas Dikla , Ermer Ashley , Weller Hailey , Owens Shenan , Wheeler Brandan E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored how marital financial collaboration and approval along with financial constructs predicted midlife couples' reports of retirement financial concerns.BackgroundRetirement is an expected time of life that many couples plan for in advance. Despite knowing that years of life without regular income are anticipated, many people experience financial strain in retirement, which can impact their marital happiness.MethodData for this study came from a sample of 324 midlife (Mage = 44 years) couples that participated in the Flourishing Families study. We examined predictors of financial worries for retirement using dyadic probit regression models.ResultsResults suggested that both husbands and wives worried about having insufficient income and heavy debt in retirement, and that husbands had particular concerns about excess spending. Findings from predictive models suggested that husbands and wives both reported that better financial collaboration, husbands' approval of partners' financial behaviors, better physical health, and to some degree higher income, higher education, and having retirement savings, were protective against financial worries for retirement. In contrast, wives' reports of having retirement benefits and working more hours per week were risk factors.ConclusionMarital financial collaboration and approval of partner financial responsibility by both members of dyads may have lifelong benefits, including as couples prepare for retirement.ImplicationsEfforts to provide greater access to retirement savings plans may also support couples from various social and economic backgrounds. Findings suggest that marital happiness in retirement could be increased as spouses work together in financial aspects of their lives.
World languages for Black Linguistic Reparations
Authors: Austin Tasha , Anya Uju 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis conceptual work highlights the history of Black erasure throughout the existence of world languages (WLs) as a field of study in the United States. It outlines the unique challenges faced by African descended learners who have and continue to pursue WL study in US classrooms. These include but are not limited to reduced local funding and programmatic expectations due to the remnants of anti‐Black educational policies, monolingual and imperial language ideologies prevalent in texts and pedagogical approaches, and generations of segregation in and outside of schools. Finally, this work proposes WLs serve as a site of Black Linguistic Reparations through, (1) the redistribution of resources in the field, (2) the repair of enacted WL teaching to meet the calls of ACTFL's standards for preparing students for communication in a pluralistic society, and (3) a recreation of the “world” as narrated through a global, rather than a white Western lens.
Intrinsic capacity assessment using World Health Organization Integrated Care for Older People Step 1, and the association with frailty in community dwelling older adults
Authors: Zhou Ke , Ng Yee Sien , Tay Ee Ling , Mah Shi Min , Tay Laura 
Published: April 2024

AimThis study aimed to investigate the association between intrinsic capacity (IC) and frailty in community‐dwelling older adults. Specifically, we examined the utility of the World Health Organization's Integrated Care for Older People Step 1 screen for identifying frail older persons in the community.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional analysis of a community frailty screening initiative. IC loss was ascertained using the World Health Organization's Integrated Care for Older People Step 1 questions. The Clinical Frailty Scale was used to categorize participants as robust (Clinical Frailty Scale S1‐3) or frail (Clinical Frailty Scale ≥4). Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of individual and cumulative IC losses with frailty, adjusting for confounders. Additionally, the diagnostic performance of using cumulative IC losses to identify frailty was assessed.ResultsThis study included 1164 participants (28.2% frail). Loss in locomotion (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.47, 95% CI 1.07–2.02), vitality (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04–2.39), sensory (AOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.51–2.64) and psychological capacities (AOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.45–2.56) were significantly associated with frailty. Loss in more than three IC domains was associated with frailty. Using loss in at least three ICs identifies frailty, with sensitivity of 38.6%, specificity of 83.5% and positive predictive value of 47.4%. Using loss in at least four ICs improved specificity to 96.9%, and is associated with the highest positive predictive value of 57.6% and highest positive likelihood ratio of 3.55 for frailty among all cut‐off values. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.64 (95% CI 0.61–0.68).ConclusionsIC loss as identified through World Health Organization's Integrated Care for Older People Step 1 is associated with frailty community‐dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 457–463.
Give me the newest! Effect of social exclusion on new products adoption
Authors: Liang Shichang , Lan Bin , Li Rulan , Zhang Min , Chu Yuxuan , Li Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractScholars have explored the factors influencing new product adoption from various perspectives, such as product characteristics, personality traits, and marketing communication strategies. However, these studies lack the consideration of consumer social relationships. Thus, this study examined how social exclusion influences new product adoption. Three experiments involving 1372 participants indicated that social exclusion leads to a higher really new products adoption compared to social inclusion. The mediating factor in this relationship is the need for uniqueness. In contrast, no significant difference in incrementally new product adoption was found between socially excluded and included individuals. The above effects only exist in individuals with low self‐control. Individuals with high self‐control exhibit no significant difference in RNP adoption intention, whether they experience social exclusion or inclusion. These findings not only significantly increase the body of knowledge on social exclusion and new products, but also advise marketers on how to promote new products.