bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Fracture Behavior of Single Crystal LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811)
Authors: Wheatcroft Laura , Bird Arron , Gollapally Naresh , Booth Samuel G. , Cussen Serena A. , Inkson Beverley J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSingle crystal particle morphologies have become highly desirable for next generation cathode materials, removing grain boundary fracture and thereby reducing the surface area exposed to electrolyte. The intrinsic mechanical behavior of single crystal layered oxides, however, is poorly understood. Here, faceted single crystal LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) particles are compressed in situ in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), to determine mechanical deformation mechanisms as a function of crystallographic orientation. In situ, the dynamical deformation sequence observed is initial cracking at the compression zone, followed by accelerated transparticle crack propagation and concurrent (0001) slip band formation. The greatest loads and contact pressure at fracture, non‐basal cracking, and activation of multiple basal slip systems in larger (>3 μm) particles, occur for compression normal to the (0001) layered structure. Loading on {012} preferentially activates basal fracture and slip at lower loads. Regardless of particle orientation, non‐basal slip systems are not observed, and non‐basal cracking and particle rotation occur during compression to compensate for this inability to activate dislocations in 3‐dimensions. Crystallographic dependent mechanical behaviour of single crystal NMC811 means that particle texture in cathodes should be monitored, and sources of localised surface stress in cathodes, e. g. particle‐to‐particle asperity contacts during electrode manufacture, should be minimised.
Motivate students for better academic achievement: A systematic review of blended innovative teaching and its impact on learning
Authors: Daniel Kangwa , Msambwa Msafiri Mgambi , Antony Fute , Wan Xiulan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis systematic literature review explores the impact of innovative teaching approaches on student motivation and academic achievement in online blended learning. A thorough search of five electronic databases for studies published between January 2009 and May 2023 yielded 1468 records. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) and Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study‐design (PICOS) frameworks as the basis for the eligibility criteria, 47 studies were eligible and reviewed. The findings revealed that the effects of motivation were influenced by various factors, such as the blended course design, instructor's support, learning environment and the student's characteristics. The common innovative teaching and learning techniques and tools which advanced better teaching and learning were found to be interactive lessons, the use of virtual reality technology, artificial intelligence, project‐based learning, inquiry‐based learning, jigsaw, cloud computing, flipped classroom, peer teaching, peer feedback, crossover teaching and personalised teaching. These techniques positively and significantly affected motivation and academic achievement. Furthermore, results also suggest that educators should carefully consider the needs and preferences of their students when designing their courses and curricula to motivate and support students to achieve their full potential. Based on these findings, instructor support through innovative teaching and learning is vital to sustaining meaningful, innovative interactions that motivate students and promote better academic achievements in innovative online blended learning. Therefore, this study proposed a framework that illustrates that when students are well motivated, they develop personal and academic qualities such as interest, confidence, belonging, cooperation and trust in the educational experiences, resulting in better academic achievement.
Eight‐Electron Copper Nanoclusters for Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Sun Xueli , Yan Bingzheng , Gong Xuekun , Xu Qinghua , Guo Qingxiang , Shen Hui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOwing to distinct physicochemical properties in comparison to gold and silver counterparts, atomically precise copper nanoclusters are attracting embryonic interest in material science. The introduction of copper cluster nanomaterials in more interesting fields is currently urgent and desired. Reported in this work are novel copper nanoclusters of [XCu54Cl12(tBuS)20(NO3)12] (X=S or none, tBuSH=2‐methyl‐2‐propanethiol), which exhibit high performance in photothermal conversion. The clusters have been prepared in one pot and characterized by combinatorial techniques including ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The molecular structure of the clusters, as revealed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis (SCXRD), shows the concentric three‐shell Russian doll arrangement of X@Cu14@Cl12@Cu40. Interestingly, the [SCu54Cl12(tBuS)20(NO3)12] cluster contains 8 free valence electrons in its structure, making it the first eight‐electron copper nanocluster stabilized by thiolates. More impressively, the clusters possess an effective photothermal conversion (temperature increases by 71 °C within ~50 s, λex=445 nm, 0.5 W cm−2) in a wide wavelength range (either blue or near‐infrared). The photothermal conversion can be even driven under irradiation of simulated sunlight (3 sun), endowing the clusters with great potency in solar energy utilization.
Accurate Experimental Structure of 1‐Chloronaphthalene
Authors: Pinacho Pablo , Gómez Pablo , López Juan Carlos , Blanco Susana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe structure of isolated 1‐chloronaphthalene has been investigated in a supersonic expansion by high‐resolution chirped‐pulse Fourier transform microwave (CP‐FTMW) spectroscopy in the 2–8 GHz frequency range. Accurate values of the rotational, centrifugal distortion, and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants for the only availabe conformer have been determined. The intensity of the spectrum allowed us to observe all the heavy atoms isotopologues in natural abundance, determining their rotational constants. From the extensive experimental dataset we derived accurate structures for 1‐chloronaphthalene using different methodologies and compared with related compounds.
Unmanned aerial vehicles in collaboration with fog computing network for improving quality of service
Authors: Gupta Akshita , Gupta Sachin Kumar 
Published: March 2024

SummaryIn this paper, we study a UAV‐based fog or edge computing network in which UAVs and fog/edge nodes work together intelligently to provide numerous benefits in reduced latency, data offloading, storage, coverage, high throughput, fast computation, and rapid responses. In an existing UAV‐based computing network, the users send continuous requests to offload their data from the ground users to UAV–fog nodes and vice versa, which causes high congestion in the whole network. However, the UAV‐based networks for real‐time applications require low‐latency networks during the offloading of large volumes of data. Thus, the QoS is compromised in such networks when communicating in real‐time emergencies. To handle this problem, we aim to minimize the latency during offloading large amounts of data, take less computing time, and provide better throughput. First, this paper proposed the four‐tier architecture of the UAVs–fog collaborative network in which local UAVs and UAV–fog nodes do smart task offloading with low latency. In this network, the UAVs act as a fog server to compute data with the collaboration of local UAVs and offload their data efficiently to the ground devices. Next, we considered the Q‐learning Markov decision process (QLMDP) based on the optimal path to handle the massive data requests from ground devices and optimize the overall delay in the UAV‐based fog computing network. The simulation results show that this proposed collaborative network achieves high throughput, reduces average latency up to 0.2, and takes less computing time compared with UAV‐based networks and UAV‐based MEC networks; thus, it can achieve high QoS.
Delay in Adélie penguin nest occupation restricts parental investment in nest construction and reduces reproductive output
Authors: McLatchie Madi J. , Emmerson Louise , Wotherspoon Simon , Southwell Colin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReproductive success is an important demographic parameter that can be driven by environmental and behavioural factors operating on various spatio‐temporal scales. As seabirds breed on land and forage in the ocean, processes occurring in both environments can influence their reproductive success. At various locations around East Antarctica, Adélie penguins' (Pygoscelis adeliae) reproductive success has been negatively linked to extensive sea‐ice. In contrast, our study site in the Windmill Islands has limited fast ice present during the breeding season, allowing us to examine drivers of reproductive success under vastly different marine environmental conditions. Here, we examined the reproductive success of 450 Adélie penguin nests over a 10‐year period using images obtained from remotely operated cameras. We analysed nest survival in relation to marine and climatic factors, environmental conditions at the camera site and immediately around the nest, and behavioural attributes reflecting parental investment and phenological timing. Our key result was a strong positive association between nest structure and chick survival, particularly when ground moisture and snow cover around the nest were high. Earlier nesting birds were more likely to build bigger nests, although it is unclear whether this is due to more time available to build nests or whether early arrival and high‐quality nests are complementary traits. This intrinsic activity is likely to become more important if future predictions of increased snowfall in this region manifest.
High‐volume plankton tow net sampling improves eDNA detection of invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in recently infested lakes
Authors: L Miller Dulaney , Amish Stephen , Howard Leif , Bajno Robert , McCartney Michael , Luikart Gordon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAquatic invasive species are a serious and growing threat to biodiversity. Zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis) are freshwater invaders causing substantial ecological and economic damage across Europe and North America. Early detection of invasive mussels and other non‐indigenous species is increasingly needed to prevent their establishment and spread. Environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques potentially offer higher sensitivity monitoring tools to complement more conventional methods for surveying adult and juvenile mussels and veliger larvae. eDNA assays are typically performed on small‐volume (0.5–5 L) water samples that are concentrated by filtration prior to extraction and downstream processing. Sampling using a towed plankton net of a larger (64 μm) pore size can process orders of magnitude larger water volumes with the potential for increasing eDNA detection sensitivity. We compared the sensitivities of high‐volume plankton tow net water sampling to filter sampling in three recently infested lakes in Canada and Minnesota, USA. Paired filtration and tow net samples were analyzed for Dreissena DNA using an established quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the genus. Higher yields of Dreissena eDNA (more DNA copies) were recovered from plankton tow than from filtered samples in all 33 paired comparisons. In some cases, plankton tow samples were positive for Dreissena eDNA while lower‐volume filtering produced a false negative detection. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of plankton tow net sampling for eDNA early detection of invasive mussels, a method that can be used exclusively or as a supplement to filter sampling. Our results further suggest that eDNA testing could be incorporated into monitoring programs that routinely use plankton tows for visual detection of invasive mollusk larvae, as well as other aquatic invasive and non‐invasive species ranging from plankton to metazoans, including many fish.
Immediate pharmacotherapy intensification after cardiac resynchronization therapy: incidence, characteristics, and impact
Authors: Ogawa Kojiro , Yamasaki Hiro , Aonuma Kazutaka , Otani Masafumi , Hattori Ai , Baba Masako , Yoshida Kentaro , Igarashi Miyako , Nishina Hidetaka , Suzuki Kou , Nogami Akihiko , Ieda Masaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established treatment for drug‐refractory heart failure (HF) in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB). Acute haemodynamic improvement after CRT implantation may enable the intensification of HF medication soon thereafter. Immediate pharmacotherapy intensification (IPI) after CRT implantation achieves a synergetic effect, possibly leading to a better prognosis. This study aimed to explore the incidence, characteristics, and impact of IPI on real‐world outcomes among CRT recipients with a history of hospitalization for acute HF.Methods and resultsThis multicentre retrospective study enrolled CRT recipients with LBBB morphology, a QRS width ≥120 ms, a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%, and New York Heart Association II–IV HF symptoms. All patients had previous HF hospitalizations within the previous year and received guideline‐directed medical therapy before CRT implantation. Patient baseline characteristics, including HF medication, were collected. IPI was defined as the intensification of beta‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists within 30 days of CRT implantation. The primary endpoint was all‐cause death or first hospitalization for HF; the secondary endpoint was all‐cause death. We enrolled 194 patients (75% male; mean age, 65 ± 13 years; 78% with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy). One hundred five (54%) patients received IPI. Patients who received IPI exhibited a significantly shorter QRS duration (159 ± 26 vs. 171 ± 32 ms; P = 0.004), higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (55.2 ± 20.0 vs. 47.8 ± 24.7 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.022), and more dilated cardiomyopathy. During a median follow‐up period of 29 months, 70 (36%) patients reached the primary endpoint and 42 (22%) patients died. Patients with IPI showed significantly better outcomes for the primary and secondary endpoints than patients without IPI. The volumetric responder ratio at 6 months after implantation was not significantly different between patients with and without IPI; however, patients who received IPI had reduced mortality even at 6 months after implantation. In the multivariate analysis, IPI was an independent predictor of the primary endpoint (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.27–0.97; P = 0.043).ConclusionsImmediate intensification of HF medication was achieved in 54% of CRT recipients and was significantly higher in patients without excessive QRS prolongation, preserved renal function, and dilated cardiomyopathy than others. In patients with LBBB morphology and QRS ≥ 120 ms, IPI was associated with a significantly better prognosis and fewer HF hospitalizations after CRT implantation than others.
Diagnosis of glaucoma using multi‐scale attention block in convolution neural network and data augmentation techniques
Authors: Khajeha Hamid Reza , Fateh Mansoor , Abolghasemi Vahid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlaucoma is defined as an eye disease leading to vision loss due to the optic nerve damage. It is often asymptomatic, thus, timely diagnosis and treatment is crucial. In this article, we propose a novel approach for diagnosing glaucoma using deep neural networks, trained on fundus images. Our proposed approach involves several key steps, including data sampling, pre‐processing, and classification. To address the data imbalance issue, we employ a combination of suitable image augmentation techniques and Multi‐Scale Attention Block (MAS Block) architecture in our deep neural network model. The MAS Block is a specific architecture design for CNNs that allows multiple convolutional filters of various sizes to capture features at several scales in parallel. This will prevent the over‐fitting problem and increases the detection accuracy. Through extensive experiments with the ACRIMA dataset, we demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves high accuracy in diagnosing glaucoma. Notably, we recorded the highest accuracy (97.18%) among previous studies. The results from this study reveal the potential of our approach to improve early detection of glaucoma and offer more effective treatment strategies for doctors and clinicians in the future. Timely diagnosis plays a crucial role in managing glaucoma since it is often asymptomatic. Our proposed method utilizing deep neural networks shows promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and aiding healthcare professionals in making informed decisions.
Mechanism and control of strong rock pressure in the gully area under compound key strata
Authors: Lai Xingping , Zhu Haoyu , Shan Pengfei , Zhang Yun , Wu Longquan , Qiao Hao , Zhao Haozhou , Dai Ziqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn view of the problem strong rock pressure is easy to occur in coal seam mining in western gully terrain. Based on the coal seam mining conditions in the gully area under the compound key strata of Zhujiamao Coal Mine, the methods of similar simulation, theoretical calculation and analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement are adopted. The dynamic structure model of the key strata of the gully is constructed, and the mechanism and prevention and control measures of the strong rock pressure in the gully area of the working face under the compound key strata are analyzed. The research shows that the upper slope section of the gully area first undergoes rotary deformation, and then the chain structure formed by the broken block occurs sliding instability and impacts inferior key strata, resulting in strong rock pressure behavior in the working face. The calculation formula of the first breaking step distance of the main key strata rotation deformation and sliding instability during the movement of the overlying strata is derived. The calculation results show that the initial rotation deformation and sliding instability breaking step distances are 27 and 142 m, respectively, which are in good agreement with the support crushing at 145 m of the first gully. Using 3DEC numerical simulation, the stress of the second gully is reduced by 3.8 MPa after pressure relief, which verifies the position of strong rock pressure calculated by the formula and provides a theoretical basis for subsequent hydraulic fracturing. According to the mechanism, the comprehensive prevention and control measures of strong rock pressure in gully terrain are put forward. The support resistance of the working face is calculated to be 10,011 kN by the support resistance formula, and the ZY11000/14/34D hydraulic support is used. The working resistance of the calculated dangerous area after hydraulic fracturing is basically lower than 30 MPa, and the control effect is good. It has reference significance for coal seam mining through gully terrain.
The role of self‐regulatory abilities in predicting performance while teleworking: A cross‐sectional and a panel study during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Mihalca Loredana , Ratiu Lucia , Mengelkamp Christoph , Brendea Gabriela , Metz Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractScholars have argued that individual characteristics promoting self‐regulation such as self‐efficacy and self‐goal setting were crucial for employees to cope effectively with the challenges of teleworking during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Yet, research simultaneously exploring these specific self‐regulatory abilities in relation to various performance dimensions is scarce. Thus, we examined whether self‐efficacy and self‐goal setting are related to proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity while teleworking during the pandemic using a cross‐sectional design (Study 1) and tested the directionality of these relationships using a two‐wave cross‐lagged panel design (Study 2). The degree of telework was considered a moderator for these relationships in both studies. Study 1 (N = 830) findings indicated that both self‐efficacy and self‐goal setting were positively related to all performance dimensions and that the degree of telework moderated the regression of adaptivity on self‐efficacy to a small extent. Study 2 (N = 263) findings showed that self‐efficacy at Time 1 had a positive effect on self‐goal setting, proficiency, and adaptivity, measured at Time 2, whereas self‐goal setting at Time 1 did not predict significantly any of the performance dimensions at Time 2. We also found evidence that adaptivity positively influenced self‐efficacy over time. Our results provide important insights into the nature and directional relationships between self‐regulatory abilities and different performance dimensions while teleworking during the pandemic.
Relationship between menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Yuk Jin‐Sung 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the risk of breast cancer associated with menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), including the various progestogens used today.MethodsThe study included postmenopausal women over 40 years from the National Health Insurance Database in South Korea (2011–2014) who either used MHT for over 6 months (MHT group) or never used MHT (non‐MHT group) and were matched 1:1 based on several variables using propensity score matching. Both groups were followed until 2020.ResultsThe non‐MHT and MHT groups comprised 153 736 women each. In Cox proportional hazard analysis with time‐dependent covariates, MHT was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–1.3). Tibolone, estradiol valerate (EV)/medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), EV/norethisterone acetate (NETA), conjugated equine estrogen (CEE), EV, estradiol hemihydrate (EH), CEE/micronized progesterone (MP), CEE/MPA, EV/MP, EV/MPA, and EH/MP did not increase the risk of breast cancer compared with the non‐MHT group. However, EH/drospirenone (DRSP) (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.38–1.66), EH/NETA (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.34–2.06), EH/dydrogesterone (DYD) (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12–1.68), and EV/cyproterone acetate (CPA) (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.54–1.96) increased the risk of breast cancer compared with the non‐MHT group.ConclusionsMHT was linked to increased breast cancer risk, but not all MHTs. Specific combined therapies (EH/DRSP, EH/DYD, EH/NETA, and EV/CPA) were associated with higher risk, whereas estrogen alone and tibolone were not.