bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparison of Two Nationwide Cohorts
Authors: Atia Ohad , Bryder Nicklas , Mendelovici Adi , Ledderman Natan , Ben-Tov Amir , Osooli Mehdi , Forss Anders , Loewenberg Weisband Yiska , Matz Eran , Dotan Iris , Turner Dan , Olén Ola 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
We aimed to explore the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] in association with the COVID-19 pandemic in two countries with different lockdown policies.

Methods
We utilized nationwide IBD cohorts in Israel and Sweden to explore the incidence of IBD during the pandemic compared to 3 years prior [2017–2019]. We examined temporal trends through the presence of inflection points by Joinpoint regression analysis and reported average monthly percentage changes [AMPC].

Results
A total of 155 837 patients with IBD were included [Israel, 58 640; Sweden, 97 197]. The annual incidence of IBD was stable until 2019 in both countries but then decreased in Israel (AAPC −16.6% [95% confidence interval, CI, −19.9% to −10.0%]) and remained stable in Sweden (AAPC −3.5% [95% CI −11.6% to 3.7%]). When exploring the monthly incidence during the pandemic, in Israel the rate remained stable until November 2020 (AMPC 2.3% [95% CI −13.4% to 29.9%]) and then decreased sharply (AMPC –6.4% [95% CI –20.8% to 17.0%] until February 2021 and to −20.1% [95% CI –38.9% to –4.7%] from February 2021), while in Sweden, which had a less stringent lockdown policy, it decreased slightly until July 2020 (AMPC −3.3% [95% CI −21.6% to 20.3%]), but increased thereafter (AMPC 13.6% [95% CI –12.6% to 27.0%]). The change of incidence rate in Sweden occurred mainly in elderly-onset patients, the only population with significant restrictions during the pandemic.

Conclusion
The incidence of IBD decreased during the pandemic in association with lockdowns, more so in Israel, which had more stringent policies. Future studies are needed to determine the long-term effect of the pandemic on IBD.
Pulmonary hypertension in an adult patient with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: a case report
Authors: Terui Yosuke , Ohura Shoko , Nozaki Tetsuji , Yagi Takuya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a life-threatening disorder of autonomic respiratory control. Mutations in the paired-like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) gene impair respiratory drive, causing hypercarbia and hypoxaemia. Most patients with CCHS are diagnosed in the neonatal period; however, a few are diagnosed in adulthood.

Case summary
We report a 32-year-old man with a history of unexplained cyanosis 14 days after birth. He presented to our hospital with breathlessness and abnormal electrocardiogram findings discovered in a health check-up. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was suspected based on electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evidence of right ventricular (RV) overload. Results of pulmonary function tests and chest computed tomography were normal. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed type 2 respiratory failure without a significant alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient, indicating alveolar hypoventilation. Right heart catheterization (RHC) showed pre-capillary PH [pulmonary artery pressure 47/24 (35) mmHg], and a hyperventilation challenge test and a non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) treatment during RHC provided drastic improvement in PH [pulmonary artery pressure 28/12 (18) mmHg]. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome was diagnosed based on genetic testing (20/25 polyalanine repeat expansion mutations in PHOX2B). After NPPV therapy initiation, the RV overload was slightly improved.

Discussion
Some patients with CCHS develop mild hypoventilation without overt clinical signs, and PH can be the first clinical manifestation. In our case, the hyperventilation challenge test improved PH. Although CCHS causes chronic alveolar hypoxia and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction with subsequent PH, optimal ventilation therapy can improve pulmonary circulation even in affected adults.
Superior cavopulmonary shunt via right vertical axillary mini-thoracotomy
Authors: Tocharoenchok Teerapong , Haller Christoph 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present 2 cases of patients with univentricular heart physiology of different anatomic variants who successfully underwent minimally invasive bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis via the right vertical axillary mini-thoracotomy.
The prognosis of patients with primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: Treated with surgery or chemotherapy?
Authors: Ning Ye , He Haiyan , Li Qiuyuan , Zhao Deping , Xie Dong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of this project was to evaluate the effect of surgical treatment and the long-term survival of patients with staged IE/IIE pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.

METHODS
From January 2004 to December 2018, we retrospectively analysed 96 patients diagnosed with low-stage primary pulmonary MALT lymphoma according to the modified Ann Arbor staging system (IE/IIE). We compared the outcomes of different treatment modalities for staged IE/IIE MALT lymphoma. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves, and the differences were compared using the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used in this study.

RESULTS
The median PFS time of low-staged MALT lymphomas was 118 months. The overall survival and PFS of the radical surgery group and the biopsy + chemotherapy group suggested no significant difference (P = 0.63, P = 0.65). Patients positive for Blc-2 and Ki-67 suffered from a compromised PFS (P = 0.023, P = 0.006). The Cox adjusted proportional hazards model analysis suggested that surgical procedures were not protective factors for patients with low-staged (IE/IIE) pulmonary MALT lymphoma, whereas being positive for Blc-2 and Ki-67 was a risk factor for patients with low-staged pulmonary MALT lymphoma (hazard ratio: 9.567; P = 0.044; hazard ratio: 6.042, P = 0.049).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggested that for staged IE/IIE pulmonary MALT lymphoma, radical surgical resection did not provide a survival benefit compared with chemotherapy after biopsy. Thus, radical surgery may be avoided unless biopsy is necessary for a diagnosis that requires sublobar resection. For those lesions that were Blc-2- or Ki-67-positive, compromised survival may be suggested.
Long-term depot specific changes in adipose tissue after treatment of acromegaly
Authors: Falch Camilla M , Godang Kristin , Lekva Tove , Ueland Thor , Heck Ansgar , Bollerslev Jens , Olarescu Nicoleta C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context
Patients with active acromegaly present a decreased adipose tissue (AT) mass, and short-term studies show that treatment leads to AT depot-specific gain. However, it remains unclear if the increase is persistent in the long-term perspective and/or is sex-dependent.

Design
To characterize the depot-specific changes of AT after treatment of acromegaly and identify contributing factors.

Methods
Adipose tissue, including visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), and total (TAT), and android to gynoid ratio (A/G ratio) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at diagnosis (n = 62), and after treatment at short-term (median (IQR) 1.9 (1.5-2.3)) and long-term 5.5 (3.9-9.5) years, and correlated to clinical and biochemical measurements. Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), glucose and HbA1c levels, gonadal status, and the presence of diabetes mellitus were recorded. Remission status was assessed at the long-term visit (IGF-1/ULN ≤ 1.3). Differences in the temporal course of AT from baseline to short- and long-term follow-up according to sex, diabetes, gonadal, and remission status were evaluated by mixed model analysis, adjusted for age.

Results
Despite a stable body mass index, VAT and A/G ratio increased at both time points, whereas SAT mainly increased at short-term, plateauing afterwards (P &lt; .05 for all). Visceral adipose tissue and A/G ratio were higher in men (P = .035 and P &lt; .001), and the A/G ratio increased more than in women (P = .003). Glucose and HbA1c decreased short-term (P &lt; .05) and remained stable at long-term. The increase in AT depots correlated with the decrease of disease activity at long-term. Remission status had no effect on changes in AT mass during follow-up.

Conclusion
Treatment of acromegaly leads to an increase in AT mass in a depot- and sex-specific manner both at short-term and long-term follow-up. Glucose metabolism improves rapidly after disease control and persists.
COVID-19, social determinants of transmission in the home. A population-based study
Authors: Soriano López Jesús , Gómez Gómez Jesús Humberto , Ballesta-Ruiz Monica , Garcia-Pina Rocio , Sánchez-Rodríguez Inés , Bonilla-Escobar Bertha A , Salmerón Diego , Rodríguez Berta Suárez , Chirlaque Maria-Dolores 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Studying transmission within the home is essential to understand the transmission dynamics of numerous infectious diseases. For Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), transmission within the home constitutes the majority exposure context. The risk of infection in this setting can be quantified by the household/intra-family secondary attack rate (SAR). In the literature, there are discrepancies in these values and little information about its social determinants. The aim of this study was to investigate transmission in the home by analyzing the influence of occupational social class, country of origin and gender/sex.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of a population registry of cohabiting contacts with COVID-19 cases diagnosed from 15 June to 23 December 2020, in the Murcia Region. The household SAR was analyzed considering the characteristics of the primary case (sex, age, symptoms, occupational social class, country of origin and number of people in the household) and contact (age and sex) using a multilevel binary logistic regression model.

Results
Among the 37 727 contacts included, the intra-family SAR was 39.1%. The contacts of confirmed primary cases in the migrant population (Africa and Latin America) had higher attack rates, even after adjusting for the other variables. Older age and female sex were independent risk factors for contracting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within the home.

Conclusion
There was greater intra-domiciliary transmission among immigrants, likely related to the conditions of the home and situation of social vulnerability. Women were more likely to be infected by transmission from a cohabiting infected individual.
Insights into freshwater ciliate diversity through high throughput DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Abraham Jeeva Susan , Somasundaram Sripoorna , Maurya Swati , Sood Utkarsh , Lal Rup , Toteja Ravi , Makhija Seema 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe freshwater bodies of India are highly biodiverse but still understudied, especially concerning ciliates. Ciliates constitute a significant portion of eukaryotic diversity and play crucial roles in microbial loops, nutrient recycling, and ecosystem maintenance. The present study aimed to elucidate ciliate diversity in three freshwater sites in the Delhi region of India: Okhla Bird Sanctuary (OBS), Sanjay Lake (SL), and Raj Ghat pond (RJ). This study represents the first investigation into the taxonomic diversity and richness of freshwater ciliates in India using a high-throughput DNA metabarcoding approach. For the analysis, total environmental DNA was extracted from the three freshwater samples, followed by sequencing of the 18S V4 barcode region and subsequent phylogenetic analyses. Operational taxonomic units (OTU) analyses revealed maximum species diversity in OBS (106), followed by SL (104) and RJ (99) sites. Ciliates from the classes Oligohymenophorea, Prostomatea, and Spirotrichea were dominant in the three sites. The study discusses the ability of the metabarcoding approach to uncover unknown and rare species. The study highlights the need for refined reference databases and cautious interpretation of the high-throughput sequencing-generated data while emphasizing the complementary nature of molecular and morphological approaches in studying ciliate diversity.
Enhancing grapevine breeding efficiency through genomic prediction and selection index
Authors: Brault Charlotte , Segura Vincent , Roques Maryline , Lamblin Pauline , Bouckenooghe Virginie , Pouzalgues Nathalie , Cunty Constance , Breil Matthieu , Frouin Marina , Garcin Léa , Camps Louise , Ducasse Marie-Agnès , Romieu Charles , Masson Gilles , Julliard Sébastien , Flutre Timothée , Le Cunff Loïc 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGrapevine (Vitis vinifera) breeding reaches a critical point. New cultivars are released every year with resistance to powdery and downy mildews. However, the traditional process remains time-consuming, taking 20–25 years, and demands the evaluation of new traits to enhance grapevine adaptation to climate change. Until now, the selection process has relied on phenotypic data and a limited number of molecular markers for simple genetic traits such as resistance to pathogens, without a clearly defined ideotype, and was carried out on a large scale. To accelerate the breeding process and address these challenges, we investigated the use of genomic prediction, a methodology using molecular markers to predict genotypic values. In our study, we focused on 2 existing grapevine breeding programs: Rosé wine and Cognac production. In these programs, several families were created through crosses of emblematic and interspecific resistant varieties to powdery and downy mildews. Thirty traits were evaluated for each program, using 2 genomic prediction methods: Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Predictor and Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator. The results revealed substantial variability in predictive abilities across traits, ranging from 0 to 0.9. These discrepancies could be attributed to factors such as trait heritability and trait characteristics. Moreover, we explored the potential of across-population genomic prediction by leveraging other grapevine populations as training sets. Integrating genomic prediction allowed us to identify superior individuals for each program, using multivariate selection index method. The ideotype for each breeding program was defined collaboratively with representatives from the wine-growing sector.
Family Caregivers’ Management of Behavioral Expressions of Dementia
Authors: Roberto Karen A , McCann Brandy Renee , Savla Jyoti , Blieszner Rosemary 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Behavioral expressions of dementia are often stressful for family caregivers to manage as they strive to ensure their relative’s needs are met. Guided by Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, we identified specific behaviors that disrupt daily routines and challenge the achievement of caregiving goals, and the approaches and strategies caregivers employ to address them.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted semistructured interviews with 30 family caregivers in rural Appalachia caring for a relative living with dementia. Analysis involved use of open and focused coding processes to identify the ways caregivers managed behaviors and bar graphs to examine management approaches relative to categories of behaviors and caregiver demographic and emotional well-being variables.

Results
Analyses revealed 10 types of behavioral expressions of dementia associated with confusion, irritability, and resistance to engaging in necessary activities of daily living. Caregiver approaches to managing behaviors included gentle persuasion, being harsh by yelling or threatening, being persistent in expecting the person with dementia to complete the tasks at hand, disengaging by postponing the activity, and employing a combination of strategies. Approaches differed across types of behavior and caregiver demographics and had varying effects on caregiver well-being.

Discussion and Implications
Uncovering specific behaviors family caregivers of persons living with dementia found bothersome, caregivers’ adaptive strategies for managing behaviors, and the impact of those approaches provides new information to inform training on effective dementia caregiving practices and development of targeted intervention programs for dementia care.
Scoping an Integrated Ecosystem Assessment for the southern Benguela: fisheries still biggest risk
Authors: Bornman Eugin , Shannon Lynne , Jarre Astrid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The southern Benguela ecosystem faces complex pressures from anthropogenic activities and climate change, leading to structural and functional changes. To counter ecosystem service losses, intergovernmental marine science organizations propose integrated management. However, predictions to evaluate alternative strategies are challenging due to multifaceted sector interactions affecting ecological components. Scoping phases of Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEA), such as the Options for Delivering Ecosystem-Based Marine Management (ODEMM), identify priority sectors and pressures for management using linkage chains and impact risk scores. This study expands a South African-wide ODEMM assessment to investigate dependent sectors in the southern Benguela. Fishing emerged as the primary sector, exhibiting high connectance and impact risk on ecological components. Disaggregation of the fishing sector into sub-sectors and over three 21-year time periods revealed the demersal trawl and mixed species inshore trawl sectors to still have the greatest impact despite recent mitigation efforts, driven by species extraction, bycatch, and ‘incidental loss’. Research gaps, such as the effects of recreational fisheries and underwater noise, were identified and need to be addressed to improve future ecosystem assessments. Additionally, the effects of climate on long-term, ecosystem-scale variability and change need more attention in IEAs and should be incorporated into frameworks such as ODEMM.
Network Meta-Analysis Indicates Superior Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Preventing the Transition to Psychosis in Individuals at Clinical High-Risk
Authors: Chen Chengfeng , Deng Yongyan , Li Yuling , Zhang Meiting , Yu Tong , Xie Kun , Bao Wuyou , Li Peiying , Sun Ling , Zhang Tianhong , Zhu Yikang , Zhang Bin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The efficacy of pharmacological and nutritional interventions in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of pharmacological and nutritional interventions in CHR-P and whether these interventions can enhance the efficacy of psychological treatments.

Methods
We systematically reviewed data from 5 databases until July 24, 2021: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang Data. The primary outcome was the transition to psychosis. Network meta-analyses were conducted at 3 time points (6, 12, and ≥24 months) considering both pharmacological/nutritional interventions alone and its combination with psychotherapy.

Results
Out of 11 417 identified references, 21 studies were included, comprising 1983 participants. CHR-P participants receiving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids treatment were associated with a lower probability of transition compared with placebo/control at 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .01 to .054), 12 months (OR = 0.14, 95% CI = .03 to .66), and ≥24 months (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = .05 to .54). Moreover, risperidone plus psychotherapy was associated with a lower likelihood of transition at 6 months compared with placebo/control plus psychotherapy, but this result was not sustained over longer durations.

Conclusion
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids helped in preventing transitions to psychosis compared with controls.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42021256209.
Microeukaryotic plankton evolutionary constraints in a subtropical river explained by environment and bacteria along differing taxonomic resolutions
Authors: Ren Kexin , Mo Yuanyuan , Xiao Peng , Rønn Regin , Xu Zijie , Xue Yuanyuan , Chen Huihuang , Rivera Windell L , Rensing Christopher , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Microeukaryotic plankton communities are keystone components for keeping aquatic primary productivity. Currently, variations in microeukaryotic plankton diversity have often been explained by local ecological factors but not by evolutionary constraints. We used amplicon sequencing of 100 water samples across five years to investigate the ecological preferences of the microeukaryotic plankton community in a subtropical riverine ecosystem. We found that microeukaryotic plankton diversity was less associated with bacterial abundance (16S rRNA gene copy number) than bacterial diversity. Further, environmental effects exhibited a larger influence on microeukaryotic plankton community composition than bacterial community composition, especially at fine taxonomic levels. The evolutionary constraints of microeukaryotic plankton community increased with decreasing taxonomic resolution (from 97% to 91% similarity levels), but not significant change from 85% to 70% similarity levels. However, compared with the bacterial community, the evolutionary constraints were shown to be more affected by environmental variables. This study illustrated possible controlling environmental and bacterial drivers of microeukaryotic diversity and community assembly in a subtropical river, thereby indirectly reflecting on the quality status of the water environment by providing new clues on the microeukaryotic community assembly.
The use of salmonid epithelial cells to characterize the toxicity of Tenacibaculum maritimum soluble extracellular products
Authors: Michnik Matthew L , Semple Shawna L , Joshi Reema N , Whittaker Patrick , Barreda Daniel R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study assessed how the etiological agent of mouth rot in farmed Atlantic salmon, Tenacibaculum maritimum, induces toxicity in host salmonid barrier cells, and determined whether environmental changes are relevant for these effects.

Methods and results
Tenacibaculum maritimum soluble extracellular products (ECPs) were collected and used to treat Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout intestinal barrier cell lines as a comparative model of bacterial–salmonid cell interactions. Cellular assays that examine cell membrane integrity, marker expression, and metabolic activity revealed that T. maritimum ECPs induced salmonid epithelial cell death through an apoptosis mechanism. Changes in salinity (25, 29, and 33 ppt) and temperature (12°C, 18°C, and 24°C) within the natural ranges observed in Pacific Northwest aquaculture facilities affected bacterial growth and cytotoxicity of T. maritimum ECPs.

Conclusions
Our results suggest epithelial barriers as targets of T. maritimum-mediated toxicity in farmed mouth rot-infected Atlantic salmon. The induction of apoptosis by T. maritimum soluble ECPs may also help to explain the absence of overt inflammation typically reported for these fish.