bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heparanase prevents the development of type 1 diabetes in non‐obese diabetic mice by regulating T‐cell activation and cytokines production
Authors: Bitan Menachem , Weiss Lola , Zeira Michael , Reich Shoshana , Pappo Orit , Vlodavsky Israel , Slavin Shimon 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundHeparanase is an endo‐β‐D‐glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate saccharide chains. The enzyme promotes cell adhesion, migration and invasion, and was shown to play a significant role in cancer metastasis and angiogenesis.MethodsThe present study focuses on the involvement of heparanase in autoimmunity, applying the murine non‐obese diabetic (NOD) model, a T‐cell‐dependent disease often used to investigate the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.ResultsIt was found that intra‐peritoneal administration of heparanase ameliorated the clinical signs of the disease. In vitro studies revealed that heparanase has an inhibitory effect on the activation of T‐cells through modulation of their repertoire of cytokines indicated by a marked increase in the levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10, and a parallel decrease in IL‐12, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ).ConclusionsWe suggest that heparanase induces a shift from a Th1‐ to Th2‐phenotype, resulting in inhibition of diabetes in NOD mice and possibly other autoimmune disorders. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improvement of classical slope limiters for high‐order discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Ghostine R. , Kesserwani G. , Mosé R. , Vazquez J. , Ghenaim A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we describe some existing slope limiters (Cockburn and Shu's slope limiter and Hoteit's slope limiter) for the two‐dimensional Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) method on arbitrary unstructured triangular grids. We describe the strategies for detecting discontinuities and for limiting spurious oscillations near such discontinuities, when solving hyperbolic systems of conservation laws by high‐order discontinuous Galerkin methods. The disadvantage of these slope limiters is that they depend on a positive constant, which is, for specific hydraulic problems, difficult to estimate in order to eliminate oscillations near discontinuities without decreasing the high‐order accuracy of the scheme in the smooth regions. We introduce the idea of a simple modification of Cockburn and Shu's slope limiter to avoid the use of this constant number. This modification consists in: slopes are limited so that the solution at the integration points is in the range spanned by the neighboring solution averages. Numerical results are presented for a nonlinear system: the shallow water equations. Four hydraulic problems of discontinuous solutions of two‐dimensional shallow water are presented. The idealized dam break problem, the oblique hydraulic jump problem, flow in a channel with concave bed and the dam break problem in a converging–diverging channel are solved by using the different slope limiters. Numerical comparisons on unstructured meshes show a superior accuracy with the modified slope limiter. Moreover, it does not require the choice of any constant number for the limiter condition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viscoelastic effects in double‐pipe single‐pass counterflow heat exchangers
Authors: Chinyoka T. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe conducto‐convective heat loss from a viscoelastic liquid, in the core of a double‐pipe heat exchanger arrangement, to a cooler Newtonian fluid flowing in the outer annulus is investigated with direct numerical simulations. A numerical algorithm based on the finite difference method is implemented in time and space with the Giesekus constitutive model for the viscoelastic liquids. The flow of both the annulus and core‐fluids is considered to be Poiseuille flow, driven by respective pressure gradients. In general, the results show that a viscoelastic core‐fluid leads to slightly lower (albeit comparable) attainable temperatures in the core‐fluid stream as compared with a corresponding Newtonian fluid. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late and very‐late first‐contact schizophrenia and the risk of dementia–a nationwide register based study
Authors: Kørner Alex , Lopez Ana Garcia , Lauritzen Lise , Andersen Per Kragh , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether late and very‐late first‐contact schizophrenia carry a risk for later development of dementia.MethodsBy linkage of the psychiatric and the somatic nation‐wide registers of all out‐ and in‐patients with hospital contact in Denmark, we identified all patients with first ever contact during the period from January 1994 to December 2001 with one of the index main diagnoses: late (age ≥40) and very‐late first‐contact (age ≥60) schizophrenia. First contact osteoarthritis patients as well as data on the general population were used as controls. The first diagnosis of dementia for each individual at discharge or at out‐patient contact was established. The probability of getting a dementia diagnosis is estimated using Poisson regression models with dementia as the outcome of interest.ResultsTwelve thousand six hundred and sixteen and 7,712 individuals were included in the late and very‐late sample, respectively. Follow‐up time was between 3.00 and 4.58 years. The rate ratio (RR) of developing dementia in late and very‐late first‐contact schizophrenia compared to osteoarthritis patients were 3.47 (95%CI: 2.19–5.50) and 3.15 (95%CI: 1.93–5.14), respectively. Compared to the general population the RR were 2.36 (95%CI: 1.54–3.62) and 2.21 (95%CI: 1.39–3.50), respectively.Conclusionschizophrenic patients with late‐ and very‐late first‐contact with the psychiatric hospital system are at two to three times higher risk of subsequently getting a diagnosis of dementia compared to patients with osteoarthritis and compared to the general population. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Winter rain on snow and its association with air temperature in northern Eurasia
Authors: Ye Hengchun , Yang Daqing , Robinson David 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis study examines the characteristics of winter (Dec–Feb) rain‐on‐snow events and their relationship to surface air temperatures to reveal potential changes in rain‐on‐snow days under a warming climate over northern Eurasia. We found that rain‐on‐snow events mostly occur over European Russia during winter. Rain‐on‐snow days increase as air temperature increases and are primarily attributable to the increase in rainfall days. Air temperature is the primary cause for these changes, while the North Atlantic Oscillation has some influence on the rain on snow and rainfall over the northern part of European Russia. The magnitude of rain‐on‐snow increase ranges from 0·5 day to 2·5 days per degree Celsius increase in air temperature. Higher rates of increase in rain‐on‐snow days occur in the northern and eastern parts of European Russia where the air temperature is lower, in contrast to rainfall days which have higher rates at locations with higher air temperatures. This suggests that a decrease in snowfall days might be limiting the rate of increase in rain‐on‐snow events over warmer regions where the temperature is about − 8 °C or higher. This study also implies that rain‐on‐snow days will become more common over regions in which it is currently a rare event as air temperatures increase. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, characterization, andin vitrocytotoxicity study of cationic PCL‐Pluronic‐PCL (PCFC) nanoparticles for gene delivery
Authors: Zhao Jian , Gou MaLing , Dai Mei , Li XingYi , Cao Mei , Huang MeiJuan , Wen YanJun , Kan Bing , Qian ZhiYong , Wei YuQuan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this article, poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐Pluronic‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCFC) copolymer was synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization and characterized by1H‐NMR and GPC. Cationic PCFC nanoparticles were prepared at one‐step by modified emulsion solvent evaporation method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the stabilizer. The cytotoxicity of PCFC nanoparticles was studied here with and without serum. The obtained cationic PCFC nanoparticles were employed to condense and adsorb DNA onto its surface. And it could protect plasmid GFP (pGFP) from enzymatic degradation and acidic degradation in a certain period. Release behavior of pGFP from the pGFP/PCFC nanoparticles complex was also studiedin vitro. The obtained cationic PCEC nanoparticles might have great potential application in DNA delivery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Human mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and proliferation in response to ceramic chemistry and nanoscale topography
Authors: Dulgar‐Tulloch A. J. , Bizios R. , Siegel R. W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractModification of the chemistry and surface topography of nanophase ceramics was used to provide biomaterial formulations designed to direct the adhesion and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs). HMSC adhesion was dependent upon both the substrate chemistry and grain size, but not on surface roughness or crystal phase. Specifically, cell adhesion on alumina and hydroxyapatite was significantly reduced on the 50 and 24 nm surfaces, as compared with the 1500 and 200 nm surfaces, but adhesion on titania substrates was independent of grain size. HMSC proliferation was minimal on the 50 and 24 nm substrates of any chemistry tested, and thus significantly lower than the densities observed on either the 1500 or 200 nm surfaces after 3 or more consecutive days of culture. Furthermore, HMSC proliferation was enhanced on the 200 nm substrates, compared with results obtained on the 1500 nm substrates after 7 or more days of culture. HMSC proliferation was independent of both substrate surface roughness and crystal phase. Rat osteoblast and fibroblast adhesion and proliferation exhibited similar trends to that of HMSCs on all substrates tested. These results demonstrated the potential of nanophase ceramic surfaces to modulate functions of HMSCs, which are pertinent to biomedical applications such as implant materials and devices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Zirconia: Established facts and perspectives for a biomaterial in dental implantology
Authors: Hisbergues Michael , Vendeville Sophie , Vendeville Philippe 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCurrently, zirconia is widely used in biomedical area as a material for prosthetic devices because of its good mechanical and chemical properties. Largely employed in clinical area for total hip replacement, zirconia ceramics (ZrO2) are becoming a prevalent biomaterial in dentistry and dental implantology. Although titanium is used in dental implantology currently, there is a trend to develop new ceramic‐based implants as an alternative to monolithic titanium. This article reviews the evolution and development of zirconia through data published between 1963 and January 2008 in English language. Articles were identified via a MEDLINE search using the following keywords: zirconia, zirconia/biocompatibility, zirconia/osseointegration, zirconia/periointegration, zirconia/review, and zirconia/bacterial adhesion or colonization. This review of the literature aims at highlighting and discussing zirconia properties in biological systems for their future use in dental implantology. In conclusion, zirconia with its interesting microstructural properties has been confirmed to be a material of choice for the “new generation” of implants, thanks to its biocompatibility, osseoconductivity, tendency to reduce plaque accumulation, and interaction with soft tissues, which leads to periointegration. However, scientific studies are promptly needed to fulfill gaps like long‐term clinical evaluations of “all zirconia implants,” currently leading to propose an alternative use of “hybrid systems” (i.e., titanium screw with zirconia collar) and also bacterial colonization of zirconia. Moreover, there is a permanent need for consistent information about topography and chemistry of zirconia allowing easier cross‐product comparisons of clinical devices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Corrosion of machined titanium dental implants under inflammatory conditions
Authors: Messer Regina L. W. , Tackas Gyula , Mickalonis John , Brown Yolanda , Lewis Jill B. , Wataha John C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe effects of hyperglycemia, altered cell function, or inflammatory mediators on implant corrosion are not well studied; yet, these effects are critical to implant biocompatibility and osseointegration. Because implant placement is burgeoning, patients with medically compromising systemic conditions such as diabetes are increasingly receiving implants, and the role of other inflammatory diseases on implant corrosion also needs investigation. In the current study, the corrosion properties of commercially available, machined titanium implants were studied in blood, cultures of monocytic cells, and solutions containing elevated dextrose concentrations. Implant corrosion was estimated by open circuit potentials, linear polarization resistance, and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for 26 h. In selected samples, THP1 monocytic cells were activated for 2 h with Lipopolysaccharide prior to implant exposure, and IL‐1β secretion was measured to assess the affect of the implants on monocyte activation. Implants under conditions of inflammatory stress exhibited more negative Ecorr values, suggesting an increased potential for corrosion. Linear polarization measurements detected increased corrosion rates in the presence of elevated dextrose conditions over PBS conditions. EIS measurements suggested that implants underwent surface passivation reactions that may have limited corrosion over the short term of this test. This result was supported by cyclic polarization tests. IL‐1β secretion was not altered under conditions of corrosion or implant exposure. The results suggest that inflammatory stress and hyperglycemia may increase the corrosion of dental endosseous titanium‐based implants, but that longer, more aggressive electrochemical conditions may be necessary to fully assess these effects. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Effects of restoration and substrate on polymerization contraction stress of dental composites
Authors: Feng L. , Nunez R. , Carvalho R. , Suh B. I. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to treat both restoration and substrate as a combined factor (RS‐factor) to complement the popular C‐factor in prediction of polymerization contraction stress (PCS). A simple model consists of a uniaxial restoration with a curing composite sandwiched between two solid mountings (substrates). By using the equal stress principle and taking into account substrate deformation, a set of equations were developed and solved, resulting in a mathematical relationship between PCS and the size and stiffness of the substrate and the restoration. The strain gage method was used to experimentally assess the PCS of a light‐cured composite encircled in an aluminum ring. Differently sized inserts made of cured composites and glass were placed in the center of the ring to control the thickness of the composite to be cured and created different RS factors as well as C‐factors. According to the model, a restoration with a small RS‐factor will produce a high PCS. The model also predicts that a restoration with a small C‐factor will have a high PCS because of the compliance of substrates. These predictions were tentatively confirmed by the strain gage measurements. A higher PCS was detected when a smaller insert was used, which created a smaller RS‐factor or C‐factor, or when a glass insert was used instead of a less stiff composite insert, in which the former created a smaller RS‐factor. The RS‐factor may be a dominant factor in determining the PCS outcome in some special cases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Novel surface expression of reticulocalbin 1 on bone endothelial cells and human prostate cancer cells is regulated by TNF‐α
Authors: Cooper Carlton R. , Graves Bianca , Pruitt Freddie , Chaib Hassan , Lynch Jill E. , Cox Andrew Koemeter , Sequeria Linda , van Golen Kenneth L. , Evans Angelo , Czymmek Kirk , Bullard Rebecca S. , Donald Carlton D. , Sol‐Church Katia , Gendernalik James D. , Weksler Babette , Farach‐Carson Mary C. , Macoska Jill A. , Sikes Robert A. , Pienta Kenneth J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAn unbiased cDNA expression phage library derived from bone‐marrow endothelial cells was used to identify novel surface adhesion molecules that might participate in metastasis. Herein we report that reticulocalbin 1 (RCN1) is a cell surface‐associated protein on both endothelial (EC) and prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines. RCN1 is an H/KDEL protein with six EF‐hand, calcium‐binding motifs, found in the endoplasmic reticulum. Our data indicate that RCN1 also is expressed on the cell surface of several endothelial cell lines, including human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMVECs), bone marrow endothelial cells (BMEC), and transformed human bone marrow endothelial cells (TrHBMEC). While RCN1 protein levels were highest in lysates from HDMVEC, this difference was not statistically significant compared BMEC and TrHBMEC. Given preferential adhesion of PCa to bone‐marrow EC, these data suggest that RCN1 is unlikely to account for the preferential metastasis of PCa to bone. In addition, there was not a statistically significant difference in total RCN1 protein expression among the PCa cell lines. RCN1 also was expressed on the surface of several PCa cell lines, including those of the LNCaP human PCa progression model and the highly metastatic PC‐3 cell line. Interestingly, RCN1 expression on the cell surface was upregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment of bone‐marrow endothelial cells. Taken together, we show cell surface localization of RCN1 that has not been described previously for either PCa or BMEC and that the surface expression on BMEC is regulated by pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 2298–2309, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Membrane fouling caused by amino acid and calcium during bipolar membrane electrodialysis
Authors: Ren Hongyan , Wang Qian , Zhang Xiaoyan , Kang Ruijuan , Shi Shaoyuan , Cong Wei 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) has been widely applied in the recovery/production of organic acids and in the treatment of wastewater containing ammonium sulfate, sodium nitrate, sodium acetate and ammonium nitrate. However, membrane fouling is still one of the major problems in the electrodialysis process. Since calcium and amino acid are present naturally in fermentation wastewater, this study was carried out to determine the effects of calcium and amino acid on membrane fouling when simulated fermentation wastewater containing ammonium sulfate was treated by BMED.RESULTS: Calcium formed a scale on the cation exchange membrane (CEM) surface in contact with the base cell, but this had no significant adverse effect on the BMED performance. Amino acid, however, caused CEM fouling of the inner membrane, which hampered the BMED process. The coexistence of calcium and amino acid aggravated the membrane fouling, as observed morphologically on the CEM surface on the base cell side. Elemental mapping analysis showed that the membrane foulant was composed of calcium hydroxide and amino acid.CONCLUSION: The CEM fouling caused by calcium and that due to amino acid, which were distributed differently on the membrane, had different effects on the BMED performance. The coexistence of amino acid and calcium deteriorated the CEM fouling during BMED. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling of supercritical drying of ethanol‐soaked silica aerogels with carbon dioxide
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Mamata , Rao Bhatta Sankara 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Supercritical drying (SCD) of aerogels entails replacement of the primary solvent ethanol in the porous solid network with supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) without a vapor–liquid interface to avoid collapse of the pores by capillary forces. The present paper proposes a mechanistic SCD model for producing crack‐free aerogels and elucidates the requirement of such a process by focusing on mass transfer modeling for silica aerogel with parallel cylindrical mesopores having a known pore size distribution.RESULTS: The model incorporates extraction of ethanol by two‐way mass transfer of SCCO2 and ethanol to and from the wet gel until it attains 99.995 mole% CO2. Initially the pores are filled with pure ethanol and the liquid volume swells due to dissolution of CO2, rendering spillage of the excess liquid volume. Thus ethanol is removed by spillage as well as by evaporation from the open end of the pores, followed by convective mass transfer. The convective velocity of SCCO2 needs to be kept less than a critical value to obviate vapor–liquid interface within the pores at any time. Simulation results indicate that initially the ratio of spillage to convective transport is very high (16–20) which asymptotically decreases to zero with time as the mixture in the pores attains critical mole fraction (MCM). This indicates that the bulk of the ethanol is removed by spillage caused by diffusion of SCCO2 into the pores, rather than by convective evaporation. Their ratio is higher at lower temperature, higher pressure, lower flow rate and thicker gel, similar to the drying time.CONCLUSIONS: The mechanistic model for SCD of a silica aerogel with SCCO2 illustrates that a vapor–liquid interface within the pores at any time can be avoided by keeping the convective velocity of SCCO2 less than a critical value. Most of the ethanol is removed by spillage as a result of SCCO2 dissolution in the pore liquid, rather than by convective evaporation. Higher pressure, lower temperature, lower SCCO2 velocity and thicker gel slow down the SCD process and are conducive to producing crack‐free transparent aerogels. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Pancreatic arteriovenous malformation: A rare manifestation of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Demirpolat Gulen , Oran Ismail , Demirpolat Gulgun , Tamsel Sadik , Parildar Mustafa 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe present Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography and angiography findings of a rare pancreatic arteriovenous malformation associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009