bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune response of chickens to various routes of administration of Australian infectious bronchitis vaccine
Authors: RATANASETHAKUL C. , CUMMING R. B. 
Published: March 2008

Groups of 100 two‐week‐old cockerels were vaccinated with the A3 strain of IB vaccine by conjunctival, intranasal, in‐contact, drinking water, or aerosol routes, or were left as unvaccinated controls. Three weeks after vaccination, each group of chickens was challenged with the Appin strain of IBV.Vaccination by the conjunctiva!, intranasal and in‐contact routes induced a good resistance to challenge, concurring with an obvious stimulation of the Harderian gland, while the drinking water route led to a low resistance to challenge, with minor changes in the gland. The results of no immune response and no resistance to challenge in the birds vaccinated by aerosol route was due to unsuccessful vaccination in the group. Application of the vaccine by the conjunctival route would appear to be a most effective route for the application of Australian IB vaccines, while the in‐contact method appears worthy of further study.
Serological and bacteriological survey of three horse studs for contagious equine metritis
Authors: DOLAN M. , CARGILL C. , MARTIN F. , DAVENPORT P. , FRANKS D. , LIGHTFOOT J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA bacteriological and serological survey for evidence of contagious equine metritis (CEM) was made during the 1980 breeding season on 3 horse studs in South Australia with a history of previous infection. Swabs from the clitoral sinus and the cervix were cultured for Haemophilus equigenitalis and serum was screened for antibody using the complement fixation test (CFT) and the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The specificity of both tests was greater than 0.99 but the ELISA was more sensitive in detecting antibody in infected mares. On the evidence presented it was concluded that H. equigenitalis is no longer present in the horse studs investigated.
Transmission and virological studies of a malignant catarrhal fever syndrome in the Indonesian swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: HOFFMANN D. , SOBIRONINGSIH S. , CLARKE B. C. , YOUNG P. J. , SENDOW I. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA malignant catarrhal fever‐like syndrome in Indonesian swamp buffalo was experimentally transmitted to one of 2 Bos indicus and 3 of 3 Bos javanicus cattle by intravenous inoculation of 250 ml of citrated, whole blood from affected buffaloes. The 4 cattle developed clinical signs of disease on average 32.5 days after receiving the inoculation of blood. The 4 cattle died after a variable period of illness. None of a further 3 B. javanicus cattle inoculated intravenously with a spleen homogenate prepared from another affected buffalo developed the disease. The experimental disease was clinically and pathologically similar to the natural disease in buffaloes although differences were noted. Attempts to adapt the agent to mice, guinea pigs and rabbits failed. A cytopathic agent (Japanese encephalitis virus) was isolated from the spleen of one buffalo with clinical signs but was not considered significant. Sixty‐three B. indicus, 7 B. javanicus (and 6 of their crosses), 3 B. taurus and 4 Bubalus bubalis (Murrah buffalo) were kept in the same quarters where 50 of 177 swamp buffaloes died between September 1979 and May 1982. Four of the 7 B. javanicus cattle developed the clinical signs of disease and died. All the other cattle in contact remained healthy.
The epidemiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the perineal region of sheep: Abattoir and flock studies
Authors: SWAN R. A. , CHAPMAN H. M. , HAWKINS C. D. , HOWELL J. McC. , SPALDING V. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe roles of age, tail length and the Mules operation in the epidemiology of squamous cell carcinoma in ewes were studied. The prevalence of the disease in adult sheep slaughtered at 2 abattoirs was 0.08%. No cases occurred in lambs. Of all adult sheep condemnations before slaughter, 38.5% were due to squamous cell carcinoma. Of these sheep, 73.3% had a single lesion of the vulva (62.9%), tail (6.6%), or anus (3.8%), while 26.7% had lesions at more than one site. The number of lesions was significantly greater (p < 0.01) in sheep with a radical Mules operation than in those with a modified Mules operation or not mulesed. Tails were significantly shorter (p < 0.01) in affected than unaffected sheep. Small keratinised outgrowths on the skin of the tail and perineum were considered on histological grounds to be precursors of squamous cell carcinomas.On one affected farm 4% of ewes were culled in one year for gross lesions of squamous cell carcinomas. A further 3.5% of sheep with gross lesions and 25.3% with precursor lesions remained in the flock, undetected by the farmer. Gross lesions were not observed in ewes under 3 years of age, whereas precursors occurred in all age groups, including one‐year‐old ewes. The prevalence of lesions increased with age, from 0.43% in 5‐year‐old ewes to 5.14% in 6‐year‐old and 41% in 7‐year‐old ewes. Discriminant analysis indicated that age of ewe, tail length and the width of the healed Mules operation were important determinants of squamous cell carcinoma.In all the sheep studied the style of mulesing was consistently radical, with a mean healed width of 12.3 ± 2.6 cm. Tails were amputated much shorter than the traditionally recommended length of level with the tip of the vulva. The presence of gross and precursor lesions was associated with shorter tails and a radical Mules operation. It is suggested that the prevalence of the disease may be reduced by the adoption of a less severe mulesing technique and leaving tails longer.
Electroejaculation in the domestic cat
Authors: JOHNSTONE I. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA method of electroejaculation for tomcats is described. Normal sperm counts in 4 cats ranged from 6 to 13 times 10Vejaculate. There was a great deal of variation between collections from the same cat indicating the necessity for at least 5 collections when assessing the fertility of a tomcat. Sperm counts were higher in the latter half of the year, at the time of increased sexual activity for cats in the Brisbane area. The volume of semen collected by electroejaculation increased in direct proportion to the length of electrical stimulation, hence, volume is not a reliable criterion for the appraisal of semen. However, results have indicated that semen volume tends to increase from July to December, thus indicating increased accessory gland activity during the breeding season. As this procedure does not cause any apparent discomfort or harmful effects there seems no reason to assume that it could not be used routinely on stud cats.
Familial nephropathy in Cocker Spaniels
Authors: ROBINSON W. F. , HUXTABLE C. R. , GOODING J. P. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA clinical diagnosis of chronic renal failure associated with nephron atrophy and fibrosis was made in 4 blue roan Cocker Spaniels. The lesion was considered to be the result of a primary glomerulopathy. All dogs were closely related. The findings were similar to those previously described for renal cortical hypoplasia. On the basis of the morphological findings and genetic characteristics, the use of the more appropriate term, familial nephropathy is encouraged.
Pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia in Thoroughbred racehorses in training
Authors: AUER D. E. , WILSON R. G. , GROENENDYK S. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe prevalence of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia in Thoroughbred racehorses in training was investigated using a fibre optic endoscope. Of the 70 horses examined, all but 8 showed evidence of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia and the severity of the pharyngeal changes decreased with age. Two‐year old horses had greater pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (p <0.05) when compared to all other age groups. More horses (p <0.05) with Grade 3 or Grade 4 pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia experienced recent mild respiratory disease than did horses with Grade 2 or less pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia. None of the horses examined had a history of diminished racing performance although 30% had either Grade 3 or Grade 4 pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia.
The significance of leptospiral titres associated with bovine abortion
Authors: ELDER J. K. , PEPPER P. M. , HILL M. W. M. , WARD W. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY: To investigate relationships between serological titres to 2 serovars, pomona (L. pomona) and hardjo (L. hardjo), of Leptospira interrogans and abortions, log linear and logit models were fitted to herd and individual cow data from cattle serologically negative for brucellosis.Serological titres to both serovars were significantly related to abortions in individual cows, with L. pomona having a stronger relationship than L. hardjo. L. hardjo was not significant when herd data were analysed. Differences between dairy and beef cattle in the serological titres found to both L. pomona and L. hardjo were detected when data sets of all cattle or cattle with no history of abortion were analysed. The beef/dairy differences may be due to different management practices and/or to different geographical distributions of both serovars and populations of beef and dairy cattle.If there are no cattle in a herd with a reciprocal titre of 3000 or greater for L. pomona, it is unlikely that L. pomona is associated with the abortion problem. There was no specific L. hardjo titre which separated high and low probabilities that the serum came from a cow or herd with an abortion history. Aust. vet. J. 62: 258–262
Disseminated aspergillosis in dogs
Authors: DAY M J , PENHALE W J , KABAY M J , ROBINSON W F , HUXTABLE C R R , EGER C E , SHAW S E , MILLS J N , WYBURN R S 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Clinical and pathological findings are reported from a series of 12 cases of disseminated aspergillosis (A. terreus) in 11 German Shepherd dogs and one Dalmatian referred to Murdoch University Veterinary Hospital (MUVH) over the period 1980 to 1984.A preliminary study of humoral and cell mediated immune components and complement levels revealed no consistent abnormality in 9 dogs tested apart from raised IgG levels. Serum IgA levels were depressed in 30% of cases. Serial data from one extensively monitored case is presented. The unusual epidemiological and pathogenetic features of the disease are discussed.
The effect of zeranol and testosterone on Merino wethers exposed to highly oestrogenic subterranean clover pasture
Authors: GARDNER J J , ADAMS N R 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Groups of Merino wethers treated with 2 doses of zeranol (6 mg and 12 mg), or testosterone cyclopentyl propionate (150 mg) and untreated controls were grazed at 2 sites, one an oestrogenic subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) pasture and the other a low oestrogen medic (Medicago truncatula) pasture. The influence of oestrogenic subterranean clover on these treatments was assessed by measuring changes in teat length, bulbourethral gland weight and pathology, bodyweight, carcase weight, dressing percentage and greasy and clean fleece weights.Teat lengths were increased by all treatments except 6 mg of zeranol where increases were not significant, and although increased by exposure to oestrogenic pasture this effect was not additive.Bulbourethral gland weights were increased by both of the zeranol treatments and by oestrogenic pasture, and these effects appeared to be additive. Differences observed histologically indicated that testosterone protected whereas zeranol exacerbated the influence of oestrogen.The bodyweights of all treated groups were heavier than the controls, but carcase weights were not significantly different. However an effect was seen in the group given the 6 mg dose of zeranol on the low oestrogen site, where the dressing percentage was significantly lower than in the control and testosterone treated groups.Differences in greasy and clean fleece weights were not significant except that the washing yield of the testosterone‐treated group was significantly lower at the low oestrogen site.
Glucose metabolism in a pony mare with a tumour of the pituitary gland pars intermedia
Authors: AUER D E , WILSON R G , GROENENDYK S. , FILIPPICH L J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of pituitary dependent hyperadreno corticism in a horse is reported. Clinical signs included hirsutism, polydipsia and general debility. The horse was persistently hyperglycaemic and glucose values were unchanged following subcutaneous administration of insulin. Resting Cortisol values were normal, but dexamethasone suppression of Cortisol concentration was shorter than normal. Plasma glucose, Cortisol, insulin and glucagon concentrations were measured as part of an intravenous glucose tolerance test. The patient responses were different from those in a control pony.
Suppurative splenitis and peritonitis in a horse after gastric ulceration caused by larvae of Gasterophilus intestinalis
Authors: DART A. J. , HUTCHINS D. R. , BEGG A. P. 
Published: March 2008

A 12‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare, with a history of anorexia, dramatic weight loss, fluctuating pyrexia and intermittent diarrhoea after an episode of colic, was presented for examination with depression, emaciation and ataxia. Thoracic and abdominal paracenteses yielded copious quantities of inflammatory exudate. Palpation per rectum revealed an enlarged spleen. The primary alterations in haematology included a severe leucocytosis with a left shift, and a hyperproteinaemia characterised by hypoalbuminaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia.Post‐mortem examination revealed a low grade pleurisy and peritonitis with fluid accumulation in both cavities. A suppurative gastritis with full thickness perforations of the stomach wall associated with Gasterophilus intestinalis larvae had extended to the juxtaposed organ initiating an extensive suppurative splenitis. Streptococcus zooepidemicus was cultured.
Distribution of Brucella abortus in infected cattle
Authors: CORNER L A , ALTON G G , IYER H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYExperimentally and naturally infected cattle were examined bacteriologically to determine the anatomical distribution of specimens yielding Brucella abortus. In 91 experimentally infected pregnant cows, examined 3 to 4.5 months after conjunctival challenge during pregnancy, the most frequently infected specimen was the mammary (syn. supramammary) lymph node. All experimentally infected cows could be identified from cultures of the mammary, mandibular (syn. submaxillary), medial iliac, caudal superficial cervical (syn. prescapular) lymph nodes and uterine caruncles, cotyledons or foetal tissues.Forty‐six naturally infected cows were examined and again the most frequently infected specimen was the mammary lymph node. All naturally infected cows could be identified from cultures of the mammary, parotid, mandibular and subiliac (syn. prefemoral) lymph nodes.The distribution of infected specimens was somewhat different in heifers. In 61 naturally infected heifers the most frequently infected specimen was the mandibular lymph node but 8 other specimens would have been required to enable identification of all infected heifers.Specimens from 3 infected bulls were cultured and 11 of the 12 specimens examined were infected in at least one of the bulls. The most frequently infected tissues were the mandibular, caudal superficial cervical, subiliac and scrotal lymph nodes. The results suggest which specimens should be selected for culture, particularly when only a limited amount of effort can be expended.
Residues in beef cattle accidentally exposed to commercial heptachlor
Authors: PETTERSON D S , CASEY R H , EBELLS G F , McINTYRE B L 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The changes in concentration of heptachlor epoxide (HCE) and oxychlordane (OCD) were studied in the tissues of beef cattle that had previously grazed pasture contaminated with commercial heptachlor. In 25 cows and heifers monitored over 488 days, the mean concentration of HCE decreased from 22.0 to 0.08 mg/kg and of OCD from 5.68 to 0.18 mg/kg. The respective half‐lives were estimated to be 66 and 92 days. In a controlled feeding experiment, nine steers were subjected to one of three dietary regimes; a high plane of nutrition for 81 days then a low plane for 140 days; a moderate plane of nutrition for the total period; and a low plane of nutrition for 81 days then a high plane for 140 days. Approximately five months later similar treatments were applied for 101 and 94 days. The rate of decline of HCE and OCD was consistently greatest in animals on the high plane of nutrition and lowest in those on the low plane.Lactation did not appear to have a major effect on the rate of decline in the tissue concentrations of these compounds.No significant (P > 0.05) relationships were found between the concentrations of HCE or OCD in the subcutaneous fat and either milk or blood at any stage of the experiment. At slaughter, from 18 to 24 months after the commencement of the experiments, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were found among concentrations of HCE and OCD in subcutaneous fat, renal fat and fat from the bone marrow. Concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in bone marrow than in either subcutaneous or renal fat.
The effect of selenium supplementation on immunity, and the establishment of an experimental Haemonchus contortus infection, in weaner Merino sheep fed a low selenium diet
Authors: JELINEK PD , ELLIS T , WROTH RH , SUTHERLAND SS , MASTERS HG , PETTERSON DS 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY: Immunity in 12 weaner Merino sheep fed a low selenium (Se) diet (low Se sheep) was compared with that in 10 matching sheep fed the same diet but each given an intraruminal Se pellet (high Se sheep), while the sheep were housed in individual, sheltered pens. All sheep were challenged with killed Brucella abortus cells (days 0 and 28), rabbit red blood cells (days 0, 7 and 28) and corynebaclerium pseudotuberculosis toxoid (days 0 and 28), and serum antibody titres were measured weekly for 8 weeks from day 0. The sheep were then experimentally infected with Haemonchus conforfus, and slaughtered 8 weeks later.The mean antibody titre to B. abortus, measured by 4 different tests, was significantly higher in the high Se sheep on occasions during the primary immune response phase (Rose Bengal test ‐ day 21 (p < 0.05), day 28 (p < 0.025); complement fixation ‐ day 7 (p < 0.05); enzyme‐llnked immunosorbent assay ‐ day 14 (p < 0.01); serum agglutination ‐ no differences), but not during the secondary phase. The mean antibody titre to rabbit red blood cells, measured by haemagglutination test, was marginally higher in the high Se sheep on day 49 (p = 0.049). The mean antibody titre to C. pseudotuberculois, measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, was not significantly different between the groups at any time during the trial. In addition, the mean invitro responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin in the high Se sheep was significantly greater than that in 10 sheep from the low Se group on day 22 (p < 0.01), but not day 50. However, there were no significant differences in the mean number of sheep in which the infection with H. contortus established, time to first shedding of eggs in faeces, abomasal worm burdens at necropsy, or inflammatory response in the abomasal mucosa in the sheep in each group. The results showed that the low Se sheep produced strong overall immune responses that were largely comparable to those in the high Se sheep.
Some aspects of the epidemiology of equine salmonellosis
Authors: BEGG AP , JOHNSTON KG , HUTCHINS DR , EDWARDS DJ 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY: A survey of 2 horse populations was done to detect the number of asymptomatic faecal excretors of Salmonella sp. 1201 faecal samples from 250 horses hospitalised at the University of Sydney were cultured. Three serotypes, S. fyphimufium (4 horses), S. anaturn (2) and S. fennessee (1) were isolated from 7 horses (2.8%).None was detected in 75 mares similarly examined at a thoroughbred stud farm.In retrospect, S. fyphimurium was also the most common (70%) of the 19 serotypes recovered from 171 horses with clinical salmonellosis seen at Camden, 1969 to 1986. Forty cases occurring since 1983 were reviewed in detail; the mortality rate was high (60%) and an increased proportion was due to S. bovis‐morbificans. Five horses developed salmonellosis while hospitalised and it was usually impossible to be certain whether these cases developed from the carrier state into overt disease or resulted from infections acquired in hospital.
Deaths in sheep exported by sea from Western Australia ‐ analysis of ship Master's reports
Authors: NORRIS RT , RICHARDS RB 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMortality reports were studied for 181 shipments of live sheep from Western Australia to the Middle East and Singapore in 1985 and 1986. Samples of pelleted feed for 93 shipments were analysed for quality.Overall death rate in the 6.46 million sheep exported in the period of the study was 2.18%. In sheep bound for the Middle East, most of the deaths occurred during the voyage (overall rate 1.7%, range 0.4‐4.4% per shipment), although substantial mortality was recorded during discharge (rate 0.4%, range 0.0‐1.8%). There were few deaths during loading (rate 0.07%, range 0.0–0.8%). Deaths in sheep bound for Singapore were almost 10‐fold lower than those sent to the Middle East.Several findings suggested that ship design and management may contribute to mortality. Death rates were invariably low on some ships and often high on others. Death rates were nearly always higher in enclosed decks than in open decks on 4 vessels, and point epidemics of mortality were observed in several shipments. Temperature and relative humidity measured on the ship's bridge were not closely related to daily death rate.Antibiotics estimated to cost $226,000 were used during 33 voyages in 1986 and were considered of dubious efficacy on shipboard mortality. Analysis of feed pellets used on ship showed that the quality of the diet was within the range set by draft national standards for pellets used in the live sheep export industry.
Leucoencephalomyelopathy in Australian Rottweiler dogs
Authors: SLOCOMBE RF , MITTEN R. , MASON TA 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYClinical and pathological studies of a neurological disorder of 3 adult Rottweiler dogs are described. Dogs developed proprioceptive losses involving the limbs, leading to progressively worsening ataxia and hypermetria. Blood and CSF fluid analyses were normal and radiographs and myelograms showed no compressive lesions of the spinal cord.At necropsy, severe demyelination of the dorsal and lateral funiculi of the cervical spinal cord was visible grossly. Microscopically there was more extensive, symmetrical involvement of the spinal cord and brain than was apparent grossly, with demyelination of white matter tracts and sparing of axons in affected areas. These changes were considered diagnostic for leucoencephalomyelopathy. This condition has not been previously reported in Australia, and is probably transmitted genetically, presumably as an autosomal recessive trait.