bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface structure and apatite‐forming ability of polyethylene substrates irradiated by oxygen cluster ion beams
Authors: Kawashita M. , Itoh S. , Araki R. , Miyamoto K. , Takaoka G. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPolyethylene (PE) substrates were irradiated at a dose of 1 × 1015ions/cm2by the simultaneous use of oxygen (O2) cluster and monomer ion beams. The acceleration voltage for the ion beams was varied from 3 to 9 kV. Unirradiated and irradiated PE substrates were soaked for 7 days in a metastable calcium phosphate solution (1.5SBF) that had 1.5 times the ion concentrations of a normal simulated body fluid. The irradiated PE substrates formed apatite on their surfaces, irrespective of the acceleration voltage, whereas unirradiated substrates did not form apatite. This is attributed to the formation of functional groups that are effective for apatite nucleation, such as COOH groups, on the substrate surface by the simultaneous use of O2cluster and monomer ion beams. The apatite‐forming ability of the irradiated PE substrates was improved greatly by a subsequent CaCl2solution treatment. This suggests that Ca2+ions introduced on the substrate surface by the CaCl2solution treatment accelerated the apatite nucleation. It is concluded that apatite‐forming ability can be induced on the surface of PE by the simultaneous use of O2cluster and monomer ion beams. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) in the oncology patient: Value of breathhold DWI compared to unenhanced and gadolinium‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Low Russell N. , Gurney Jonathan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and added value of single breathhold diffusion‐weighted (DW) imaging (DWI) in oncology patients undergoing abdominal MRI.Materials and MethodsA total of 169 patients with malignancy underwent abdominal MRI at 1.5T, including T1‐weighted (T1W), T2‐weighted (T2W), and dynamic gadolinium‐enhanced imaging. Axial DWI was performed with a single‐shot spin‐echo (SE) echo‐planar imaging (EPI) sequence using a b‐value of 500 seconds/mm2. A total of 24 slices were obtained during a 20‐second breathhold. Two observers reviewed the conventional MR images for tumor. Next, the DW images were reviewed for additional tumor not depicted on conventional MR imagesResultsFor the 169 patients, additional tumors were noted on the DW images in 77 (0.46) for observer 1 and 67 (0.40) for observer 2. For observer 1 the additional tumor included lymphadenopathy (47), peritoneal metastases (15), renal (1), liver (12), and osseous (2), while for observer 2 the corresponding values were lymphadenopathy (40), peritoneal (12), renal (1), liver (6), osseous (4), and gastrointestinal (1). The DW images resolved as benign findings noted on the conventional MR images in three patients for observer 1 and four patients for observer 2. The conventional MR exam was entirely normal while the DW images showed tumor in 12 (0.07) patients for observer 1 and 10 (0.06) patients for observer 2.ConclusionDWI is feasible in a single breathhold and provides additional clinically important information in oncology patients when added to routine abdominal MR sequences. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐resolved three‐dimensional contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in patients who have undergone a Fontan operation or bidirectional cavopulmonary connection: Initial experience
Authors: Goo Hyun Woo , Yang Dong Hyun , Park In‐Sook , Ko Jae Kon , Kim Young Hwee , Seo Dong‐Man , Yun Tae‐Jin , Park Jeong‐Jun 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the usefulness of time‐resolved three‐dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) using diluted contrast agent (CA) in patients who had undergone a Fontan operation or bidirectional cavopulmonary connection (BCPC).Materials and MethodsTime‐resolved 3D MRA (10 dynamic data sets, two seconds per dynamic data set) using parallel imaging and keyhole data sampling was performed on 15 patients (median age = 10 years, range = 1–20 years) who had undergone a Fontan operation (N = 11) or BCPC (N = 4). Diluted gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent (CA) was intravenously injected into the arm and/or leg veins. The flow dynamics and morphology of pulmonary circulation, and lung perfusion were assessed.ResultsPreferential or balanced pulmonary blood flow from each systemic vein was visualized on time‐resolved 3D MRA in all patients. In addition, occlusion/stenosis of the central thoracic vein (N = 4) and pulmonary artery (N = 6), systemic venous (N = 5) and arterial (N = 6) collaterals, and lung perfusion defect (N = 4) were identified. Persistent hepatic venous plexus, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, and axillary arteriovenous fistula were delineated in three patients, respectively.ConclusionTime‐resolved 3D MRA with diluted CA is useful for evaluating patients who have undergone a Fontan operation or BCPC because it can reveal the flow dynamics and morphology of pulmonary circulation, and lung perfusion status. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis B virus C gene heterogeneity in a familial cluster of anti‐HBc negative chronic carriers
Authors: Fiordalisi G. , Primi D. , Tanzi E. , Magni E. , Incarbone C. , Zanetti A. R. , Cariani E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied a familial cluster of adult HBV chronic carriers characterized by serological markers of active viral replication, normal or slightly elevated ALT levels and, in four out of five cases, absence of anti‐HBc reactivity. The nucleotide sequence of the pre‐C/C region of HBV was analyzed in three patients, showing the presence of wild‐type HBV sequences accompanied by different deleted molecules. Some of the variant genomes were able to encode proteins retaining HBcAg and/or HBeAg reactivity, whereas others contained deletions leading to the synthesis of truncated proteins that could not be immunoprecipitated by anti‐HBc or anti‐HBe mono‐ and polyclonal antibodies. Defective molecules encoded by the variant C gene sequences might play a role in the determination of the clinical profile observed in the analyzed patients. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thirteen current anti‐HIV‐l/HIV‐2 enzyme immunoassays: How accurate are they?
Authors: McAlpine Lindsay , Gandhi Jay , Parry John V. , Mortimer Philip P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe sensitivity and specificity of 13 current anti‐HIV‐1/HIV‐2 screening enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for the detection of anti‐HIV in human serum or plasma were investigated by testing against a panel of 454 well‐characterised serum or plasma specimens. The panel included specimens confirmed to contain anti‐HIV‐1 (n = 96), anti‐HIV‐2 (n = 26), or low levels of anti‐HIV (n = 44) as well as specimens collected during HIV‐1 seroconversion (n = 73). Specimens from unselected blood donors (n = 80) and samples from patients with a range of pathological conditions (n = 135) were also included. Observed sensitivities ranged from 96.9% (Biochrom, UBI, and Vironostika) to 100% (Biotest, Cambridge Biotech, IAF Biochem, Ortho, and Vidas). For the seroconversion specimens, Biotest, Cambridge Biotech, Ortho, and Vidas were most sensitive. Observed specificities ranged from 89.9% (UBI) to 100% (Biochrom and Ortho). One assay (Ortho HIV 1+2 EIA) achieved maximum sensitivity and specificity, and was one of four assays to detect anti‐HIV‐1 early in seroconversion. The accuracy of several of the other EIAs was also quite adequate, so additional factors such as convenience and cost can be considered when choosing an assay from the group evaluated.
Chronic liver disease in Peru: Role of viral hepatitis
Authors: Barhani William B. , Figueroa Rolando , Phillips Irving A. , Hyams Kenneth C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) was determined in 105 patients with biopsy‐proven chronic liver disease and 128 comparison patients without any evidence of liver pathology living in Lima, Peru. Using a second‐generation EIA screening and supplemental immunoblot assay, anti‐HCV was detected in four of 13 patients with chronic hepatitis, in 11% of 85 patients with cirrhosis, and in none of seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Only two (1.6%) comparison patients without liver disease had anti‐HCV. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in 23% of patients with chronic hepatitis, 12% of patients with cirrhosis, and three of seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. There was no evidence of chronic viral hepatitis or alcohol abuse (reported by one‐third of subjects) in 48% of chronic liver disease patients. These preliminary data suggest that among this South American population neither hepatitis B nor hepatitis C infection is the predominate cause of chronic liver disease and that other infectious or environmental factors may be important. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ontogeny of glycoprotein gB‐specific antibody and neutralizing activity during natural cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Marshall Gary S. , Stout Gordon G. , Knights Mari E. , Rabalais Gerard P. , Ashley Rhoda , Miller Helen , Rossier Edmond 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe envelope glycoprotein gB (gpUL55) is a candidate for inclusion in subunit cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccines, although data on gB antibody responses after natural infection are limited. [35S]‐labeled gB was partially purified from cells infected with an adenovirus recombinant expressing gB and used in radioimmunoprecipita‐tion assays to characterize responses in solid organ transplant recipients with primary (n = 11) or secondary (n = 8) CMV infection. Seropositive transplant patients without evidence of infection (n = 5) and healthy seroconverters (n = 7) were also studied. gB antibody developed concurrently with CMV‐specific IgG, IgM, and neutralizing activity in transplant patients with primary infection. Sustained boosts in gB antibody were seen in patients with secondary infection, and healthy seroconverters developed early gB responses. These data imply that gB antibody is an integral part of the humoral response to CMV infection, and, in view of experimental data regarding immunogenicity, support a role for gB in subunit vaccines. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seroprevalence of antibodies to human herpesviruses in England and Hong Kong
Authors: Kangro H. O. , Osman H. K. , Lau Y. L. , Heath R. B. , Yeung C. Y. , Ng M. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe age‐related prevalence of antibodies to herpesviruses was compared in England and Hong Kong. Altogether 327 sera from England and 266 sera from Hong Kong were tested for antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6). Herpesvirus infections were common in both countries but generally were acquired earlier and were more prevalent in Hong Kong. Over 90% of children in Hong Kong were infected with VZV, EBV, and HHV‐6 by 8 years of age. HSV and CMV were the least prevalent childhood infections in both countries, although, 30–40% of babies in Hong Kong became infected during the first year of life. CMV infections were rare throughout childhood in the English cohort. Overcrowding and early attendance at kindergarten may aid more efficient and earlier transmission of herpesvirus in Hong Kong. The high prevalence of CMV in particular may have implications for the management of young pregnant women and organ transplant recipients in Hong. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Varicella‐zoster virus antibody avidity and IgG‐subclass patterns in children with recurrent chickenpox
Authors: Junker Anne K. , Tilley Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe normal immune response after primary varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) infection includes IgG subclass evolution to predominantly IgG1‐type antibodies, and maturation from low to high avidity antibodies which are maintained for life. Twenty‐three healthy and apparently immuno‐competent children with a history of 2‐5 episodes of chickenpox were studied after repeat disease. Serial sera were tested for VZV‐IgG subclass patterns and VZV IgG and G‐subclass antibody avidity by urea elution enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). Of 11 patients studied within 8 weeks of repeat chickenpox (Early Group), mean antibody avidity was significantly lower (31.3 ± 26.81) than control (65.1 ± 12.38) (P < .001). Seven had low avidity antibody (<30 percent) and an abundance of IgG3 which was a pattern like primary chickenpox, and 2/11 had high avidity antibody characteristic of anamnestic responses. Early Group patients and 12 others studied over 8 weeks after repeat disease (Late Group) showed avidity maturation and attrition of IgG subclass antibodies other than IgG1. At least nine children failed to show VZV‐specific secondary (memory) immune responses early in the course of repeat disease. It is possible that failure to maintain or evoke a secondary immune response could explain their susceptibility to repeat chickenpox. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo antiviral effects of mismatched double‐stranded RNA on duck hepatitis B virus
Authors: Ijichi Katsushi , Mitamura Keiji , Ida Setsuko , Machida Haruhiko , Shimada Kaoru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe antiviral activity and ability of mismatched double‐stranded RNA (m‐dsRNA), r(I)n′r(C12‐U)n′ to induce interferon (IFN) were evaluated in ducks chronically infected with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV). When m‐dsRNA was administered intravenously at a single dose of 5 mg/kg, serum DHBV DNA concentrations decreased significantly for 3 days (P < 0.002). However, the DHBV DNA concentrations returned to the pretreatment levels 4 days after treatment. Inhibition of DHBV DNA replication in the liver was also observed 2 days after treatment. Serum IFN activity peaked 3 hours after administration of m‐dsRNA, then rapidly declined. 2′‐5′ Oligo‐adenylate synthetase (2′‐5′ AS) activity increased gradually after treatment and remained elevated for at least 48 hours. In ducks receiving m‐dsRNA once daily for 7 consecutive days, serum DHBV DNA concentrations on the last day of treatment were decreased by 76 ± 12% (P < 0.05) in ducks that received 0.2 mg of m‐dsRNA per kg and by 65 ± 12% (P < 0.05) in ducks that received 1 mg of m‐dsRNA per kg. This decrease persisted for at least 2 weeks after the cessation of treatment in all ducks. These results suggest that m‐dsRNA effectively inhibits DHBV replication in vivo, and that IFN induction and stimulation of 2′–5′AS activity contribute to the inhibition of DHBV replication by m‐dsRNA. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of parvovirus B19 in a skin biopsy of a patient with erythema infectiosum
Authors: Schwarz Tino F. , Wiersbitzky Siegfried , Pambor Manfred 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report the findings on a skin biopsy taken from a child acutely infected with parvovirus B 19 showing the typical exanthematous rash. By indirect immunofluorescence with a monoclonal antibody to B19, viral capsid proteins were detected in epidermal cells localized mainly in the stratum basale. Additionally, B 19 DNA was detected in epidermal cells of the stratum basale by in situ hydridization using a Dig‐labelled B19 DNA probe. The detection of viral capsid proteins and viral DNA suggests the presence of complete viral particles. It is therefore concluded that B19 plays a direct role in the formation of the exanthematous rash in erythema infection. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly sensitive detection of viral RNA genomes in blood specimens by an optimized reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Murakami Shigeki , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Yoshida Shigeru , Fuke Isao , Ohmae Kozo , Mori Chisato , Takagi Mitsuo , Takamizawa Akihisa , Okayama Hiroto 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA protocol was developed for a highly sensitive detection of viral RNA in blood specimens by reverse transcription coupled with a nested poly‐merase chain reaction. Using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as a model, the optimized reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (ORTPCR) detects as few as 3–5 virions in 0.1 ml of whole blood specimens. The effectiveness of this assay system is confirmed by diagnosis of human hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variability of polymerase chain reaction‐based detection of human papillomavirus DNA is associated with the composition of vaginal microbial flora
Authors: McNicol Patricia , Paraskevas Maria , Guijon Fernando 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe results of repeated human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing were compared to changes in cervical pathology and the composition of vaginal microorganisms. A cohort of 19 women with HPV cervical infections in the absence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia at enrollment was reexamined on average at 7.3‐month intervals over a 2‐year period. At each follow‐up visit, cytological and colposcopic examinations were done and vaginal microorganisms were assessed quantitatively by Gram staining of secretions, and anaerobic and aerobic culture. HPV genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 were detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis using DNA isolated from exfoliated cervical cells. The detection of HPV DNA was significantly associated with carriage of Grade II flora (P < 0.001), isolation of Gardner ella vagina/is (P = 0.03), Ureaplasma urealyti cum (P = 0.04), Candida albicans (P = 0.01), Bac teroides species (P = 0.01), and overgrowth by anaerobes (P = 0.004). Normal vaginal flora, characterised by the predominance of Lactoba cillus species, was significantly associated (P < 0.001) with a negative HPV test. The detection of HPV DNA is associated with the composition of microorganisms present in the vagina at the time of testing. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of antibody avidity for hepatitis C virus distinguishes primary antibody responses from passively acquired antibody
Authors: Ward K. N. , Dhaliwal W. , Ashworth K. L. , Clutterbuck E. J. , Teo C. G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new IgG antibody avidity test for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been developed and was validated using sera from 12 renal dialysis patients infected with HCV. In primary HCV infection low avidity antibody (mean avidity index 24%) was detected within 50 days of seroconversion whereas in long‐term infection (at least 300 days after seroconversion), the mean avidity index was high (88%); in five patients, the avidity index was shown to increase rapidly as time elapsed after primary infection, whereas immunosuppressive therapy was found to delay maturation of the immune reponse in two further patients.The assay was then employed to confirm that a spurious outbreak of primary HCV infection in eight bone marrow transplant patients was explicable by passive acquisition of high avidity anti‐HCV after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. It is concluded that this avidity test will have an important role in the investigation of HCV infection in patients. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serological response of paediatric oncology patients to human herpesvirus‐6
Authors: Hermione Lyall E. G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe serological response of paediatric oncology patients to human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) was investigated at presentation and during treatment. Sera from 66 patients presenting with malignancy and 66 controls were examined for anti‐HHV‐6 IgG by indirect immunofluorescence test (IFA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for anti‐HHV‐6 IgM by IFA. Serial samples from 45 children on chemotherapy were examined for anti‐HHV‐6 IgG by ELISA and sera from selected patients on chemotherapy were examined for IgM by IFA. The response of these patients to four other herpesviruses was also investigated.Ninety percent of presenting patients and controls were IgG positive for HHV‐6 by IFA and ELISA. Anti‐HHV‐6 IgG as measured by the HHV‐6 ELISA index declined overtime in patients on chemotherapy. Two presenting controls and one leukaemic child with a primary cytomegalo‐virus seroconversion were anti‐HHV‐6 IgM positive. In the patient group seropositivity to herpesviruses (types 1–6) increased with age, the mean age of those with IgG to HHV‐6 alone was 3.7 years compared to 6.8 years for those with antibodies to all five viruses.At the time of presentation paediatric oncology patients have a similar serological response to HHV‐6 as age‐matched controls and this IgG response wanes with treatment. Whether this is significant in terms of viral pathogenicity is not known and will require investigation of viral activity in these patients. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus‐polymerase chain reaction of routinely processed liver biopsies
Authors: El‐Batanony Mohamed H. , Savage Kay , Jacobs Ruth , El‐Refaie Amany O. , Squadrito Giovanni G. , Brown David , Saleh Saleh M. , Raouf Ahmad A. , Amer Kawther M. , Dusheiko Geoffrey M. , Scheuer Peter J. , Dhillon Amar Paul 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐RNA in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) liver biopsies by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Routinely processed FFPE diagnostic needle liver biopsies as well as stored serum samples from 43 patients with liver disease were tested for HCV‐RNA by reverse transcription‐nested PCR using the same sets of primers and following strict anticontamination measures.Twenty‐nine cases were positive and 14 were negative for serum HCV‐RNA. Tissue HCV‐RNA was detected in 17 out of the 29 serum HCV‐RNA‐positive cases but not in any of the 14 serum HCV‐RNA‐negative cases. Compared to se‐rum‐PCR, tissue‐PCR was 100% specific, 58.6% sensitive, and 72% efficient. HCV‐RNA was detected more frequently in biopsies stored for less than 1 year, than in those stored for more than 1 year (P= 0.046). In biopsies stored for up to 1 year detection of HCV‐RNA by PCR was 81.8% sensitive and 90.9% efficient. Short (<0.5 cm) liver biopsies were as sufficient for nucleic acid extraction and amplification as long (>0.5 cm) ones.It is concluded that following strict anticontamination measures, HCV‐RNA detection by PCR in routinely fixed, processed, and stored diagnostic liver biopsies provides a valuable adjunct to diagnosis of HCV infection. In this study, this option was free from contamination problems, even though routine batch histological processing schedules were used. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different antibody response to a neutralizing epitope of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B among seropositive individuals
Authors: Ayata Minoru , Sugano Tohru , Murayama Tsugiya , Sakamuro Daitoku , Takegami Tsutomu , Matsumoto Yoh‐Ichi , Furukawa Toru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe amino‐terminal portion of human cytomeg‐alovirus glycoprotein B (HCMV‐gB) was expressed as a fusion protein to analyze the neutralizing epitope recognized by human monoclonal antibody C23 and the humoral immune response to this epitope. The linear neutralizing epitope was further localized to the pep‐tide within 17 amino acids (position 68‐84) which were conserved between two HCMV laboratory strains. Ten out of 17 HCMV‐seropositive human sera contained the antibody against this epitope. Although seven sera were negative for reacting with the fusion protein, the viruses isolated from the same patients retained the epitope. The immunogenicity of the epitope and the possible application of C23 human monoclonal antibody for passive immunization against HCMV infections are discussed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.