bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol use among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone
Authors: Osborne Augustus , Aboagye Richard Gyan , Olorunsaiye Comfort Z , James Peter Bai , Bangura Camilla , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Kangbai Jia B , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of alcohol use and its associated factors among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone.DesignData for the study was sourced from the 2017 Sierra Leone Global School-Based Student Health Survey, a nationally representative survey conducted among in-school adolescents aged 10–19 years using a multistage sampling methodology. Percentages were used to present the prevalence of alcohol use among in-school adolescents. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors associated with alcohol use among in-school adolescents. The results were presented using adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their respective 95% confidence interval (CI).SettingSierra Leone.ParticipantsA weighted sample of 1730 in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone.Outcome measureCurrent alcohol use.ResultsThe prevalence of alcohol use among in-school adolescents was 10.7% (7.3, 15.3). In-school adolescents in senior secondary schools were more likely to use alcohol compared with those in junior secondary school (aOR=2.13; 95% CI 1.37, 3.30). The odds of alcohol use was higher among in-school adolescents who were truant at school relative to those who were not (aOR=2.24; 95% CI 1.54, 3.26). Also, in-school adolescents who were bullied (aOR=1.85; 95% CI 1.24, 2.76), ever engaged in sexual intercourse (aOR=2.06; 95% CI 1.39, 3.06), and used marijuana (aOR=3.36; 95% CI 1.72, 6.53) were more likely to use alcohol compared with those who were not. However, in-school adolescents who reported that their parents understood their problems (aOR=0.52; 95% CI 0.33, 0.82) had a lower likelihood of consuming alcohol.ConclusionOur study has shown that alcohol use is prevalent among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone. Grade level, experiences of being bullied, history of sexual intercourse, truancy at school, and previous use of marijuana were the factors influencing alcohol use among in-school adolescents. The findings emphasise the necessity of creating school-based health interventions in Sierra Leone that can effectively identify in-school adolescents potentially vulnerable to alcohol-related issues. Also, existing policies and programmes aimed at reducing alcohol use among in-school adolescents need to be strengthened.
Estimating the return on investment of the New York Tobacco Control Programme: a synthetic control study
Authors: Nonnemaker James , Mann Nathan , MacMonegle Anna J , Gaber Jennifer , Fajobi OlaOluwa 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the return on investment (ROI) of the New York Tobacco Control Programme (NY TCP).SettingNew York and other states of the USA.InterventionsNY TCP.OutcomesSmoking prevalence, smoking-attributable healthcare expenditures (SAEs), smoking-attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLL), the dollar value of YLL and the ROI for healthcare expenditures and mortality.Design and methodsWe used a synthetic control method to estimate the effectiveness of NY TCP funding on smoking prevalence. The synthetic control method created a comparison group that best matched the adult smoking prevalence trend in New York state in the period prior to implementation of the NY TCP and compared smoking prevalence in the state to smoking prevalence in the synthetic control in the period after treatment (2001–2019). The synthetic control group represents what the trend in smoking prevalence in New York would have been had there been no tobacco control expenditures. The ROI was calculated as net savings for each outcome divided by net programme expenditures.ResultsCumulative savings in SAE in New York from 2001 to 2019 amounted to US$13.2 billion. An estimated 41 771 smoking-attributable deaths (SADs) were averted in New York from 2001 to 2019, and an estimated 672 141 YLL averted as a result of NY TCP funding in the same period. From 2001 to 2019, the ROI for SAE in New York was approximately 14, the economic value ROI of the YLL due to SAD was nearly 145 and the combined ROI was almost 160.ConclusionsIn this study, we found relatively large ROIs for the NY TCP, which suggests that the programme—which lowers SAE and saves lives—is an efficient use of public funds.
Safety and efficacy of coated flow diverters in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Goertz Lukas , Hohenstatt Sophia , Vollherbst Dominik F , Weyland Charlotte Sabine , Nikoubashman Omid , Styczen Hanna , Gronemann Christian , Weiss Daniel , Kaschner Marius , Pflaeging Muriel , Siebert Eberhard , Zopfs David , Kottlors Jonathan , Pennig Lenhard , Schlamann Marc , Bohner Georg , Liebig Thomas , Turowski Bernd , Dorn Franziska , Deuschl Cornelius , Wiesmann Martin , Möhlenbruch Markus A , Kabbasch Christoph 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThis multicenter study evaluated the safety and efficacy of coated flow diverters (cFDs) for the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.MethodsConsecutive patients treated with different cFDs for ruptured aneurysms under tirofiban at eight neurovascular centers between 2016 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The majority of patients were loaded with dual antiplatelet therapy after the treatment. Aneurysm occlusion was determined using the O'Kelly-Marotta (OKM) grading scale. Primary outcome measures were major procedural complications and aneurysmal rebleeding during hospitalization.ResultsThe study included 60 aneurysms (posterior circulation: 28 (47%)) with a mean size of 5.8±4.7 mm. Aneurysm morphology was saccular in 28 (47%), blister-like in 12 (20%), dissecting in 13 (22%), and fusiform in 7 (12%). Technical success was 100% with a mean of 1.1 cFDs implanted per aneurysm. Adjunctive coiling was performed in 11 (18%) aneurysms. Immediate contrast retention was observed in 45 (75%) aneurysms. There was 1 (2%) major procedural complication (a major stroke, eventually leading to death) and no aneurysmal rebleeding. A good outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) was achieved in 40 (67%) patients. At a mean follow-up of 6 months, 27/34 (79%) aneurysms were completely occluded (OKM D), 3/34 (9%) had an entry remnant (OKM C), and 4/34 (12%) had residual filling (OKM A or B). There was 1 (3%) severe in-stent stenosis during follow-up that was treated with balloon angioplasty.ConclusionsTreatment of ruptured aneurysms with cFDs was reasonably safe and efficient and thus represents a valid treatment option, especially for complex cases.
Real time artificial intelligence assisted carotid artery stenting: a preliminary experience
Authors: Sakakura Yuya , Kono Kenichi , Fujimoto Takeshi 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundNeurointerventionalists must pay close attention to multiple devices on multiple screens simultaneously, which can lead to oversights and complications. Artificial intelligence (AI) has potential application in recognizing and monitoring these devices on fluoroscopic imaging.MethodsWe report out preliminary experience with a real time AI assistance software, Neuro-Vascular Assist (iMed technologies, Tokyo, Japan), in six patients who underwent carotid artery stenting. This software provides real time assistance during endovascular procedures by tracking wires, guiding catheters, and embolic protection devices. The software provides notification when devices move out of a predefined region of interest or off the screen during the procedure. Efficacy, safety, and accuracy of the software were evaluated.ResultsThe software functioned well without problems and was easily used. Mean number of notifications per procedure was 21.0. The mean numbers of true positives, false positives, and false negatives per procedure were 17.2, 3.8, and 1.2, respectively. Precision and recall were 82% and 94%, respectively. Among the 103 true positive notifications, 24 caused the operator to adjust the inappropriate position of the device (23%), which is approximately four times per procedure. False notifications occurred because of false positive device detection. No adverse events related to the software occurred. No periprocedural complications occurred.ConclusionsNeuro-Vascular Assist, a real time AI assistance software, worked appropriately and may be beneficial in carotid artery stenting procedures. Future large scale studies are warranted to confirm.
Skeletal muscle mass during chemotherapy for haematological malignancies: a retrospective study
Authors: Takahashi Mamiko , Kondo Shin , Kagawa Kumiko , Nakamura Masafumi , Maeda Yusaku , Sumitani Ryohei , Yagi Hikaru , Oura Masahiro , Sogabe Kimiko , Harada Takeshi , Fujii Shiro , Miki Hirokazu , Endo Itsuro , Abe Masahiro , Nakamura Shingen 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThis study investigated whether baseline or alteration in muscle mass affects complications during chemotherapy or overall survival (OS) in haematological malignancies.MethodsSkeletal Muscle Index (SMI) was evaluated by bioimpedance analysis before and after chemotherapy in patients with haematological malignancies, and the association between muscle mass and clinical data was retrospectively analysed.ResultsExactly 104 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 62.2 years. SMI was 7.85 and 6.08 in male and female patients under 65 years and 7.10 and 5.92 over 65 years, before chemotherapy, respectively. Lower baseline SMI was not correlated with worse OS in total patients (p=0.915). After a median measurement interval of 30 days after chemotherapy (n=67), body weight and SMI decreased by 2.73% and 2.87% (mean), respectively. The decrease in body weight correlated with the loss of trunk muscle mass (R2=0.2107) but was more strongly associated with the loss of lower limbs muscle mass (R2=0.3985). The muscle mass of lower limbs significantly decreased in lymphoma patients who experienced febrile neutropenia (−0.42% vs −6.04%, p=0.040). OS significantly decreased in lymphoma patients with loss of lower limbs muscle ≥2.8% (p=0.0327).ConclusionsMuscle loss occurred following anticancer treatments, significantly contributing to worse outcomes. Body composition assessment and relevant multimodal prevention of muscle loss may be vital for patients receiving chemotherapy for haematological malignancies.
Sensitivity to CP discovery in the presence of Lorentz invariance-violating potential at T2HK/T2HKK
Authors: Pan Supriya , Chakraborty Kaustav , Goswami Srubabati 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe investigation of conservation/violation of conjugation and parity (CP) symmetry in the leptonic sector is essential to understanding the evolution of the universe. Lorentz invariance and CPT are fundamental symmetries of nature. The violation of Lorentz invariance can also lead to CPT violations. The standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation framework presents a scenario for observing the signature of Lorentz invariance and CP violations. This work focuses on the effect of Lorentz invariance-violating parameters on the sensitivity to CP violation. We investigate the sensitivity in two proposed configurations of the upcoming T2HK experiment: (i) one detector each placed at 295 km and 1100 km, and (ii) two identical detectors at 295 km. This study probes the effect of CPT-violating parameters $$a_{e\mu },a_{e\tau },a_{\mu \tau }$$

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,

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τ

,

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.
Curing the high-energy perturbative instability of vector-quarkonium-photoproduction cross sections at order $$\alpha \alpha _s^3$$ with high-energy factorisation
Authors: Lansberg Jean-Philippe , Nefedov Maxim , Ozcelik Melih A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe cure the perturbative instability of the total-inclusive-photoproduction cross sections of vector S-wave quarkonia observed at high photon-proton-collision energies ($$\sqrt{s_{\gamma p}}$$

s

γ
p

) in Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) Collinear-Factorisation (CF) computations. This is achieved using High-Energy Factorisation (HEF) in the Doubly-Logarithmic Approximation (DLA), which is a subset of the Leading-Logarithmic Approximation (LLA) of HEF which resums higher-order QCD corrections proportional to $$\alpha _s^n \ln ^{n-1} ({\hat{s}}{/}M^2)$$

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1

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in the Regge limit $${\hat{s}}\gg M^2$$

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with $$M^2$$

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being the quarkonium mass and $${\hat{s}}$$

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^

is the squared partonic-center-of-mass energy. Such a DLA is strictly consistent with the NLO and NNLO DGLAP evolutions of the parton distribution functions. By improving the treatment of the large-$${\hat{s}}$$

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asymptotics of the CF coefficient function, the resummation cures the unphysical results of the NLO CF calculation. The matching is directly performed in $${\hat{s}}$$

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space using the Inverse-Error Weighting matching procedure which avoids any possible double counting. The obtained cross sections are in good agreement with data. In addition, the scale-variation uncertainty of the matched result is significantly reduced compared to the LO results. Our calculations also yield closed-form analytic limits for $${\hat{s}}\gg M^2$$

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≫

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of the NLO partonic CF and numerical limits for contributions to those at NNLO scaling like $$\alpha _s^2 \ln ({\hat{s}}/M^2)$$

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Abstract CT094: Targeting CSF1R with BLZ945 results in effective peripheral and tumor immune microenvironment modulation in advanced solid tumors and may be associated with limited efficacy in recurrent non-mesenchymal glioblastoma
Authors: Alcazar Carlos Rodrigo Gil Del , Xu Virginia , Lin Chia-chi , Gil-Martin Marta , Naing Aung , Fan Liqiong , Yang Fang , Quinn David , Wu Jincheng , Quadt Cornelia , Mataraza Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling is involved in regulating monocyte differentiation, and the recruitment and survival of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). BLZ945 is a small molecule, highly selective, orally bioavailable, potent kinase inhibitor of CSF-1R that has shown the ability to reduce the recruitment of TAMs in animal models and promote infiltration of effector T cells into the tumor in preclinical models. Given the potential effects of BLZ945 on effector T-cell activity, a combination of BLZ945 with the programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor spartalizumab was investigated in 1) a dose escalation phase I clinical trial with advanced solid tumor patients; and 2) an expansion phase II clinical trial in adult patients with relapsed/refractory glioblastoma (GBM) after standard of care and other lines of therapy (NCT02829723). The percentages of non-classical and intermediate monocytes in the PBMC fraction were decreased after treatment at multiple doses and schedules of treatment tested in the escalation phase. Screening and on-treatment paired tumor biopsy samples from the escalation phase were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Downregulated genes have been noted as macrophage-specific genes, suggesting that treatment with BLZ945 is downregulating macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. There appeared to be a trend for a reduction in TAM gene signatures and increase in T-cell inflammation signatures upon treatment with single-agent BLZ945 or BLZ945 + spartalizumab. RNA-sequencing analysis from archival surgical resection GBM samples from the expansion phase, revealed a potential correlation between PDGFRA gene expression and best percent change in tumor size. This suggests that non-mesenchymal GBM, for which PDGFRA is part of the defining signature, are more sensitive to the treatment. DNA-sequencing of these archival samples also revealed mutations in p53 in the tumors with partial responses but no mutations in EGFR or TERT.
Citation Format: Carlos Rodrigo Gil Del Alcazar, Virginia Xu, Chia-chi Lin, Marta Gil-Martin, Aung Naing, Liqiong Fan, Fang Yang, David Quinn, Jincheng Wu, Cornelia Quadt, Jennifer Mataraza. Targeting CSF1R with BLZ945 results in effective peripheral and tumor immune microenvironment modulation in advanced solid tumors and may be associated with limited efficacy in recurrent non-mesenchymal glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr CT094.
Abstract LB002: Deactivation of ligand-receptor interactions enhancing lymphocyte infiltration drives melanoma resistance to immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Sahni Sahil , Wang Binbin , Wu Di , Dhruba Saugato Rahman , Nagy Matthew , Patkar Sushant , Ferreira Ingrid , Wang Kun , Ruppin Eytan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is a promising cancer therapy; however, resistance often develops. To learn more about ICB resistance mechanisms, we developed IRIS (Immunotherapy Resistance cell-cell Interaction Scanner), a machine learning model aimed at identifying candidate ligand-receptor interactions (LRI) that are likely to mediate ICB resistance in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We developed and applied IRIS to identify resistance-mediating cell-type-specific ligand-receptor interactions by analyzing deconvolved transcriptomics data of the five largest melanoma ICB therapy cohorts. This analysis identifies a set of specific ligand-receptor pairs that are deactivated as tumors develop resistance, which we refer to as resistance deactivated interactions (RDI). Quite strikingly, the activity of these RDIs in pre-treatment samples offers a markedly stronger predictive signal for ICB therapy response compared to those that are activated as tumors develop resistance. Their predictive accuracy surpasses the state-of-the-art published transcriptomics biomarker signatures across an array of melanoma ICB datasets. Many of these RDIs are involved in chemokine signaling. Indeed, we further validate on an independent large melanoma patient cohort that their activity is associated with CD8+ T cell infiltration and enriched in hot/brisk tumors. Taken together, this study presents a new strongly predictive ICB response biomarker signature, showing that following ICB treatment resistant tumors turn inhibit lymphocyte infiltration by deactivating specific key ligand-receptor interactions.
Citation Format: Sahil Sahni, Binbin Wang, Di Wu, Saugato Rahman Dhruba, Matthew Nagy, Sushant Patkar, Ingrid Ferreira, Kun Wang, Eytan Ruppin. Deactivation of ligand-receptor interactions enhancing lymphocyte infiltration drives melanoma resistance to immune checkpoint blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB002.
Abstract LB053: A novel BRAF-specific allosteric inhibitor that effectively targets acquired RAFi-resistant BRAF(V600E) cancers and RAS-mutated cancers in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Hu Jiancheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Targeting hyperactive RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling for treating cancers has achieved a promising outcomes, and a number of RAS/RAF inhibitors have been applied to clinical cancer treatment. However, these inhibitors have only a short-term efficacy and their effectiveness is abrogated by acquired drug resistance in less than one year. For those resistant/refractory RAS/RAF-mutated cancers, there’s no effective therapeutics available in clinic. In this study, we developed a novel BRAF-specific inhibitor that docks on an allosteric site on BRAF kinase domain. This inhibitor effectively killed both primary and drug-resistant cancer cell lines with RAS mutation or BRAF(V600E) mutation in vitro and inhibited the growth of xenografted cancers derived from these cell lines in vivo without apparent toxicity. Mechanistically, we found that although this inhibitor blocked the catalytic activity of BRAF in vitro kinase assay, it triggered a super high ERK signaling through improving BRAF/CRAF heterodimerization and hence induced cellular apoptosis of cancer cells with RAS mutation or BRAF(V600E) mutation. Surprisingly, there’s no drug resistance occurring when treating cancer cells with RAS mutation or BRAF(V600E) mutation at a low concentration. To further evaluate the efficacy of this BRAF against RAS/RAF-mutated cancers in vivo, we constructed a series of pancreatic patient-derived xenograft cancer models with Kras G12D or G12V mutations, and found that our BRAF inhibitor exhibited a comparable or much better efficacy than Kras G12D-specific inhibitor on theses PDX models. Altogether, our data indicated that our BRAF-specific allosteric inhibitor may serve as a good therapeutic drug for treating BRAF(V600E)/RAS- cancers, particularly those resistant/refractory cancers, though it still need further evaluations via clinical trials.
Citation Format: Jiancheng Hu. A novel BRAF-specific allosteric inhibitor that effectively targets acquired RAFi-resistant BRAF(V600E) cancers and RAS-mutated cancers in vitro and in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB053.
Abstract LB097: Sensitive detection of central nervous system tumors using a sequencing based cerebrospinal fluid test
Authors: Douville Christopher B. , Bettegowda Chetan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The current approach to diagnosing and monitoring tumors of the central nervous system relies almost exclusively on radiographic imaging and neurosurgical procedures. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is appealing for diagnosis because it is already part of the standard of care for the diagnosis or management of several types of CNS disease, including cancer, and the tumor DNA is more highly concentrated inside the blood brain barrier than in plasma or other bodily fluids. Even though cytology is widely used, sensitivity remains low ranging from 2% to 50%, depending on cancer type. We report an analytic technique that efficiently introduces identical molecular barcodes to both strands of CSF template DNA molecules for the identification of cancer specific somatic mutations and copy number alterations. We apply this approach to 126 CSF samples obtained from individuals with known primary or metastatic tumors involving the brain and 36 CSF samples obtained from individuals with non-neoplastic neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis and another neurologic conditions. We correctly detect 91% of cancers at a specificity of 94.5%. In cases (n=20) where standard of care cytology was available, cytology detected 25% of cancers while our molecular assay detected 90%. Our approach has the capacity to be used in combination with other clinical, radiologic, and laboratory-based data to inform the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected cancers of the brain.
Positives n= Sensitivity GBM 42 46 91.3% Lymphoma 22 24 91.7% Medulloblastoma 14 16 87.5% Metastases 37 40 92.5%
Citation Format: Christopher B. Douville, Chetan Bettegowda. Sensitive detection of central nervous system tumors using a sequencing based cerebrospinal fluid test [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB097.