bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Langerhans cells in benign, premalignant and malignant skin lesions of renal transplant recipients and the effect of retinoid therapy
Authors: Gibson G.E. , O'Grady A. , Kay E.W. , Leader M. , Murphy G.M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackground and designLangerhans cells (LC) are a unique population of antigen‐presenting cells in the epidermis which may play a role in the defense mechanisms against skin tumors. Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) have a significantly increased incidence of premalignant and malignant skin lesions. Langerhans cells, which are important for local immune surveillance, may be depleted or downregulated in skin neoplasms of RTRs, facilitating their growth. We investigated the Langerhans cell densities in 29 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), five basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), four Bowen's disease, eight dysplastic lesions (actinic keratoses), and three viral warts from 15 RTRs and compared these to the Langerhans cell densities in normal control skin. Eleven RTRs were receiving low‐dose etretinate as chemoprophylaxis for recurrent skin cancer and the effect of low‐dose retinoid therapy on Langerhans cell densities in SCCs from these patients was also assessed. Langerhans cells in frozen tissue sections were stained with the anti‐human Leu‐6 monoclonal antibody.ResultsThere was no significant difference in LC numbers between normal skin from RTRs and normal skin from non‐immunosuppressed individuals. There was a statistically significant reduction in LC/mm2 and LC/1000 K (keratinocytes) for SCC, BCC, dysplastic lesions and viral warts compared with normal skin (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively). There was a trend for an increase in Langerhans cell density in SCCs which developed during etretinate therapy compared with pre‐etretinate but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsIn this study of RTRs, a significant reduction in Langerhans cell densities was observed in SCCs, BCCs and dysplastic lesions compared with normal skin. A reduction in Langerhans cell density in viral warts from RTRs was also observed. A working hypothesis may include a multifactorial etiology for this reduction in Langerhans cell densities. It is possible that human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, by reducing intraepidermal Langerhans cell density, may decrease local immune surveillance and facilitate the development of skin cancers. Ultraviolet radiation and immune suppression may also play a role. The marked depletion of Langerhans cells in skin cancers, precursor lesions and viral warts suggests a central role for Langerhans cells in skin cancer promotion in RTRs.
Lichen striatus‐like leukoderma
Authors: Wu Tiefeng 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA particular pigmentary disorder develops on the skin of Chinese children. The lesions are composed of whitish macules and patches arranged in linear bands on the extremities unilaterally. Histologically these lesions are hypopigmented chronic dermatitis. Although the lesions are arranged in a lichen striatus pattern, they differ clinically from lichen striatus by the absence of papules and plaques. These cases may represent a new entity. The differential diagnosis includes lichen striatus, vitiligo, piebaldism, nevus depigmentosus, and hypomelanosis of Ito. The differences between the disorder presented here and those of different diagnosis are discussed.
Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in an immune competent patient
Authors: Handa Sanjeev , Nagaraja  , Chakraborty Arunaloke , Kumar Bhushan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA 50‐year‐old female developed a swelling in the epigastrium which later ruptured to form a sinus. A diagnosis of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis was made with the help of histopathology and microbiological studies. Treatment with amphotericin‐B and 5‐flucytosine gave a good therapeutic response and the sinus healed within 2 months.
Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting with cutaneous lesions in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Angius Anna Grazia , Viviani Maria Anna , Muratori Simona , Cusini Marco , Brignolo Livia , Alessi Elvio 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectivePresentation of a case of disseminated histoplasmosis, observed in a non‐endemic area, in which cutaneous lesions and fever were the dominant clinical signs of the infection.CaseA 54‐year‐old homosexual man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) related Kaposi's sarcoma presented with cutaneous lesions and fever due to disseminated histoplasmosis. The patient was successfully treated with itraconazole 200 mg/day. He died after 8 months from AIDS dementia complex: disseminated histoplasmosis relapse was not observed.ConclusionThe case shows that infection with Histoplasma capsulatum must be considered by dermatologists in HIV/AIDS patients, even in non‐endemic areas.
Neuropeptides: role in inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Luger T.A. , Lotti T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe cutaneous nervous system recently has been demonstrated to interact with multiple target cells in the skin and to mediate actions important in inflammatory conditions. Neuropeptides released by cutaneous neurons such as substance P (SP), vasointenstinal peptide (VIP), calcitonine gene regulated peptide (CGRP), proopiomelancortin (POMC) peptides and others modulate the function of immunocompetent and inflammatory cells as well as epithelial and endothelial cells. They have been found to function as mediators of cell proliferation, cytokine and growth factor production as well as adhesion molecule and cell surface receptor expression. In addition many cells including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells have been shown to release several neuropeptides and they express their corresponding receptors. These findings indicate that neuropeptides participate in the complex network of mediators that regulate cutaneous inflammation, hyperproliferation and wound healing.
American cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis as an initial clinical presentation of human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: de Souza e Souza Iliner , Naiff Roberto Daibes , Guimarães Túlio César , Naiff Marcicleide de Farias , Cupolillo Elisa , Rodrigues Wagner de Andrade , Schettini Antônio Pedro Mendes 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe authors present the first report of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis (L.(V.) guyanenesis) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a Brazilian heterosexual man. It is also the first case of HIV infection associated with American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazilian Western Amazonia. The patient had cutaneous and mucous lesions with a negative Montenegro skin test. Histopathology showed large numbers of amastigotes, even in a lesion which had clinically healed. L.(V.)guyanenesis was typed by an immunoenzymatic technique. Various therapies were attempted, but the patient relapsed after each episode of treatment.
American cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with HIV infection: report of four cases
Authors: Mattos M. , Caiza A. , Fernandes O. , Gonçalves A.J.S. , Pirmez C. , Souza C.S.F. , Oliveira‐Neto M.P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveA report of four cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with HIV infection is presented.BackgroundThe association of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV infection is rare. Only 15 cases have been reported in the literature thus far.SubjectsFour new cases are described and the differences between the clinical presentation in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients are emphasized.ConclusionsMultiple cutaneous lesions plus mucosal involvement characterize the clinical presentation of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in association with HIV infection in the majority of the cases. A serological investigation for HIV infection is recommended for patients presenting with this type of clinical picture, especially if the patient is a young male.
Prevalence of bands other than 160 and 130 kDa in pemphigus sera (a multicenter immunoblotting study)
Authors: Cozzani E. , Parodi A. , Reborn A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPatients with pemphigus may produce antibodies against molecules other than the classical transmembranal ones. Recently, for example antibodies to 230 kDa antigens have been found in association with antibodies to intercellular substance. To better understand their prevalence, clinical correlates and prognostic significance of bands other than 130 and 160 kDa, we studied 67 pemphigus sera. About one‐fourth of patients revealed multiple heterogeneous bands and 13% the 230 kDa band. When challenged with the recombinant protein rBP55, the carbossiterminal portion of bullous pemphigoid major antigen, all 230 kDa‐positive‐sera proved negative. Caution is to be recommended in interpreting pemphigus sera with a band migrating at the 230 kDa level.
Obsessive‐compulsive disorders in dermatology
Authors: Monti M. , Sambvani N. , Sacrini F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundUntil the 1980s, obsessive‐compulsive disorders (OCD) were considered rare and almost impossible to treat, but it is now recognized that they are frequently encountered and can respond to treatment. Many OCD involve the skin and are therefore observed by dermatologists: we call them dermo‐OCD (DOCD). However, despite this, there are few reports in the dermatological literature and the majority are by American authors.ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to offer a critical rediscussion of the diagnostic picture of this pathology on the basis of a review of the literature and the clinical observations of the authors. The main difficulties that dermatologists may encounter are described and some therapeutic guidelines are given.ConclusionsA large number of OCD are frequently observed by dermatologists, but not all of them are recognized as DOCD.
Imedeen® in the treatment of photoaged skin: an efficacy and safety trial over 12 months1
Authors: Kieffer Marianne Elholm , Efsen Jan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundUV‐exposure induces photoaging of the skin.ObjectiveTesting the efficacy and safety of oral Imedeen® in photoaged skin.MethodsThree month placebo‐controlled randomized study of 144 subjects and 9‐month‐uncontrolled continuation. Efficacy measurements included clinical evaluation, self‐evaluation, photograph evaluation, as well as ultrasound, transepidermal water loss and replica measurements.ResultsAfter 3 months, no significant effects were detected. One years treatment gave significant improvement compared with baseline in investigator's evaluation of fine lines and overall photoaging, in photograph evaluation of fine lines, overall photoaging, telangiectasia and hyperpigmentation, in self‐evaluation of skin condition, density measurements by ultrasound, trans‐epidermal water loss and skin smoothness from analysis of skin replica. No serious side‐effects related to treatment were reported.ConclusionImedeen® appears effective and safe for treatment of photoaged skin.
The use of azathioprine in severe adult atopic eczema
Authors: Buckley D.A. , Baldwin P. , Rogers S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAimTo evaluate the use of azathioprine in the treatment of severe adult atopic eczema and review the relevant literature.BackgroundEffective treatment of severe adult atopic eczema may necessitate the use of agents such as systemic steroids, PUVA or cyclosporin, which are associated with significant morbidity. Azathioprine is an effective alternative which can induce disease remission and may be less toxic.MethodsTen patients treated with azathioprine 0.7–2.5 mg/kg per day for a minimum period of 12 months were evaluated in a retrospective follow‐up study.ResultsClearance or marked improvement was noted in eight patients; three of these later became refractory to the drug. Side‐effects were few and were well‐tolerated. One patient was found to have lymphoma 8 months after stopping treatment.ConclusionAzathioprine is an effective and cheaper alternative to cyclosporin in the treatment of severe adult atopic eczema. Its long‐term toxicity remains unclear.
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of terbinafine for Tinea capitis in children: Brazilian multicentric study with daily oral tablets for 1, 2 and 4 weeks
Authors: Filho S. Talarico , Cucé L.C. , Foss N.T. , Marques S.A. , Santamaria J.R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundTinea capitis is a common skin disease seen predominantly in children. The standard therapies for this disease are griseofulvin and ketoconazole. Nevertheless, these drugs have drawbacks in that they are only fungistatic and require treatment for at least 6 weeks. Previous studies with oral terbinafine for the treatment of Tinea capitis have shown that this agent is effective when given for 4 weeks, comparable to an 8‐week regimen with griseofulvin. To date there is no data on the use of oral terbinafine in Brazilian children.ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of oral terbinafine in short‐term treatments (1‐, 2‐ and 4‐week treatment) of Tinea capitis in children.Patients and methodsOne hundred and thirty‐two children aged 1–14 years were enrolled in this study, but only 107 were considered for the final efficacy analysis. Diagnosis included clinical assessment and examination by Wood's light. Confirmation was obtained by direct microscopy and culture for fungus. Terbinafine dosage (125 or 250 mg/day) was adjusted according to patient weight. Efficacy was evaluated both by clinical and mycological assessment. Safety and tolerability variables included data on adverse reaction and clinical laboratory evaluations.ResultsMycological evaluation in the follow‐up visit at week 12 showed negative direct microscopy and culture results in 48.6, 60.5 and 69.7% patients in groups 1‐, 2‐ and 4‐week, respectively (n.s.). At week 12, 84.8% patients in group 4‐week achieved clinical cure with a significant difference compared to groups 1‐ and 2‐week, 54.3 and 60.5%, respectively (P < 0.01). Adverse reactions were present in 4.8, 6.8 and 10.9% of patients in groups 1‐, 2‐ and 4‐week, respectively, terbinafine was not associated with clinically relevant increases in liver function tests.ConclusionsTerbinafine is an effective, well tolerated and safe antifungal agent for the treatment of Tinea capitis in children. The shorter duration of treatment resulted in lower cure rates. However, it is important to note that depending on the severity of the disease, a 1‐week‐only treatment can also be effective in this indication.
Small malignant melanoma in patients with mycosis fungoides
Authors: Amichai Boaz , Grunwald Marcelo H. , Goldstein Jed , Finkelstein Eve , Halevy Sima 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn increased risk for a second malignancy has been reported in patients with mycosis fungoides. We describe two subjects with mycosis fungoides who developed small malignant melanoma after topical application of nitrogen mustard.
Effective treatment of persistent papular acantholytic dermatosis with cyclosporine
Authors: Avci Oktay , Lzler Fatih , Pabuçcuoǧlu Uǧur , Şahin Turhan , Guneş Ali Tahsin 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe describe a patient with persistent papular acantholytic dermatosis provoked by phototoxic reaction to his usual perfumed soap and shaving foam. Therapy with systemic and topical corticosteroids failed to improve the patient. Treatment with cyclosporine was found to be effective.
Antibodies to desmoplakin in a patient with pemphigus foliaceous
Authors: Jiao Diane , Bystryn Jean‐Claude 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundAntibodies to desmoplakins have been associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus. Here, we report a case of non‐neoplastic pemphigus foliaceous with antibodies to desmoplakins.ObservationA 61‐year‐old woman with pemphigus foliaceous by clinical, histological and immunofiuorescent criteria was found to have circulating antibodies to 250 and 215 kDa antigens identified as desmoplakin I and II by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. The patient had no evidence of cancer during a follow‐up period of 3 years.ConclusionAlthough antibodies to desmoplakin I and II have previously been associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus, their occasional finding in erythema multiforme and bullous pemphigoid indicates that they can also occur in non‐neoplastic pemphigus.
Immunomodulatory effects of tretinoin in combination with clindamycin
Authors: Wauben‐Penris Paulette J.J. , Cerneus Dirk P. , van den Hoven Wil E. , Leuven Peter J.M.J. , den Brok Jan H.A.M. , Hall David W.R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundSince acne is a multifactorial skin disease, therapies affecting several etiologic factors can have a higher than expected effectiveness. A combination of the antibiotic clindamycin phosphate and the retinoic acid tretinoin was developed.ObjectiveAnti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of tretinoin in vitro were studied on human keratinocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Effects of clindamycin phosphate on tretinoin effects were studied.MethodsAnti‐inflammatory effects on keratinocytes were assessed using an in vitro model with PMA (phorbol ester)‐stimulated A431 cells (human epidermoid carcinoma). Immunomodulatory effects were measured on superantigen (SEB) stimulated PBMCs.ResultsTretinoin showed very potent inhibition of PMA‐stimulated IL‐6 (interleukin 6) release by A431 cells. The addition of clindamycin phosphate did not interfere with this effect. Tretinoin very potently stimulated IL‐5 release, and inhibited IFNγ release by SEB‐stimulated human PBMCs. This indicates an immunomodulatory effect, stimulating Th2, and inhibiting Thl dominated responses. These features have been related to the healing of acne lesions. The addition of clindamycin phosphate did not interfere with the immunomodulatory effects of tretinoin.ConclusionThe combination of tretinoin and clindamycin phosphate can be expected to be very effective in acne therapy.
Use of recombinant pemphigus vulgaris antigen in development of ELISA and IB assays to detect pemphigus vulgaris autoantibodies
Authors: Bhol Kailash , Tyagi Shivraj , Natarajan K. , Nagarwalla Neville , Ahmed A. Razzaque 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAim/Objective The objectives of this study are: (1) to measure the titers of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) autoantibody in the sera of patients with active disease, using three different assays: (a) Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) using monkey esophagus as a substrate, (b) immunoblot (IB) and, (c) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant PV antigen (rPVA). (2) To compare the sensitivity of these three assays.Background The titer of PV autoantibodies and disease severity and extent do not always correlate. This could be due to the lack of consistency and specificity of the substrate. Different results are obtained using different substrates. A standard substrate with uniformly controlled source of antigen would be more useful and clinically beneficial.Methods In this study we studied 25 PV patients, six each with bullous pemphigoid (BP), ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP), mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), and herpes gestationis (HG), and sera from 16 normal subjects. IIF was used to determine the PV autoantibody using monkey esophagus. IB assay was used according to standard protocol using normal human epidermis and rPVA as substrates. ELISA was performed using rPVA as antigens expressed in E. coli.Results Sera of all 25 PV patients showed binding to the rPVA, normal human sera and the sera from the six BP, six OCP, six MMP, and six HG patients did not show any binding. In addition, we used antisera from rabbits immunized with PVA peptides (Bos‐1, Bos‐6) which also showed binding to rPVA, whereas normal rabbit sera did not show any reactivity. ELISA and IB titers in all the patients were 2.5 to 160 times higher than with the conventionally used IIF assay. The titers of the PV specific autoantibody measured using the rPVA did not show statistically significant differences between the ELISA and IB assays.Conclusions IB and ELISA are superior to IIF in evaluating the antibody levels in PV patients. ELISA is more practical and is preferable to IB and is recommended for clinical use.
Cutaneous infection due to acremonium
Authors: Grunwald M.H. , Cagnano M. , Mosovich M. , Halevy S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe report an immunocompromised patient who developed a cutaneous infection caused by acremonium which is a rare opportunistic fungi. With the increasing number of immunocompromised patients opportunistic fungal infection can cause serious diseases and early recognition is mandatory.
Subcutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: report of two cases
Authors: Wąsik Feliks , Kołodziej Tomasz , Jeleń Michał , Pejcz Jerzy 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe have seen two patients, a 24‐year‐old man and a 15‐year‐old girl, with subcutaneous nodules and fever. The histo‐pathological findings in both cases showed a lobular, histiocytic panniculitis with ‘bean bag’ cells and lymphoid cells identified as immature T‐cells. This picture was consistent with subcutaneous T‐cell lymphoma associated with cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis. The girl died after 5 months of disease with florid hemophagocytic syndrome; the man was subjected to a course of treatment (CHOP; cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone) and after 6 months observation his symptoms of nodules and fever disappeared.
Hypomelanosis of Ito: a case report with clinical and ultrastructural data
Authors: Cellini Andreina , Morroni Manrico , Simonetti Oriana , Offidani Annamaria 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHypomelanosis of Ito (HI) is an uncommon skin disorder characterized by the presence of hypochromic areas associated with visceral abnormalities, the most common being neurological, muscular, skeletal and ocular. The authors describe a typical case of hypomelanosis of Ito in a 7‐year‐old child. The patient was obese, suffered from scoliosis, flat feet and had a bilateral genu valgus. No neurological, ophthalmological or dental malformations were noted. An electron microscopic study of a hypomelanotic area showed decreased functional activity in the melanocytes, which contained only a few rudimentary cytoplasmatic projections and poorly developed organelles. In addition, there was a reduction in the number of mature melanosomes.
African histoplasmosis: therapeutic efficacy of itraconazole
Authors: Velho G.C. , Cabral J.M. , Massa A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA patient with African form of histoplasmosis was treated for 7 years with ketoconazole, with no response; after a 9‐month daily treatment with 100 mg of itraconazole the patient was successfully cured. No evidence of relapse was observed during the 3‐year follow‐up period.