bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising Technological Treatments with the Taguchi Approach to Reduce Acrylamide and Improve Colour Properties in Potato Chips
Authors: Koyuncu Dilek , Duran Ayhan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractToday, consumer demand for food safety, especially in fried foods, is increasing. In the first place, it is demanded to reduce the amount of food toxins, in particular toxins resulting from the thermal process such as acrylamide. This study aimed to examine the effect of different technological treatments on the optimisation of minimum acrylamide and maximum colour properties by applying the Taguchi approach in the production of chips. In this study, design of experiments, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, analysis of variance, and regression analysis methods were used to optimise the minimum acrylamide and redness (a*), maximum brightness (L*), and yellowness (b*) values. The optimal parameters for acrylamide were found to be 90 °C slice washing temperature, 175 °C frying temperature, and 175 s frying time. The optimal parameters for colour analysis were determined as 30 °C slice washing temperature, 175 °C frying temperature, and 175 s frying time. Analysis of variance showed that frying temperature and time had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the results. It was determined that a decrease in frying temperature and time led to a decrease in the amount of acrylamide and redness and an increase in brightness and yellowness. According to the results of the analysis of variance, the most effective technological treatments were frying temperature with effect rates of 37.45% and 60.26% for acrylamide and L* values, respectively, and frying time with effect rates of 40.50% and 44.19% for a* and b* values, respectively. As a result of the study, through the Taguchi method, while quality features in chips were preserved, the amount of acrylamide was reduced.
An Improved Model for Molar Volumes of Ti-Carbide, Ti-Nitride and Ti-Carbo-Nitride
Authors: Zhang Huaqing , Du Yong , Kaptay George 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMolar volume of titanium carbonitride is modelled as function of composition and temperature by two-sublattice model Ti1(C, N, Va)1. Deviations from the ideal solution model in Ti–TiX sections were modelled by regular solution model between X atoms and vacancies in the (X, Va) sublattice. The combined binary models can describe molar volumes of ternary Ti carbonitrides reasonably well without introducing any ternary parameters, proving a good physics behind the binary models.
Your personal choices in transportation and food are important for lowering carbon emissions
Authors: Logan Bruce , Zhang Fang , Yang Wulin , Shi Le 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere is a global need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit the extent of climate change. A better understanding of how our own activities and lifestyle influence our energy use and carbon emissions can help us enable changes in activities that can lead to reductions in carbon emissions. Here we discuss an approach based on examining carbon emissions from the perspective of the unit C, where 1 C is the CO2 from food a person would on average eat every day. This approach shows that total CO2 emissions in China, normalized by the population, is 22.5 C while carbon emissions for a person in the US is 43.9 C. A better appreciation of our own energy use can be obtained by calculating carbon emissions from our own activities in units of C, for example for driving a car gasoline or electric vehicle a certain number of kilometers, using electricity for our homes, and eating different foods. With this information, we can see how our carbon emissions compare to national averages in different countries and make decisions that could lower our personal CO2 emissions.
Paving the way toward soil safety and health: current status, challenges, and potential solutions
Authors: Chu Chiheng , Zhu Lizhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSoil is a non-renewable resource, providing a majority of the world’s food and fiber while serving as a vital carbon reservoir. However, the health of soil faces global threats from human activities, particularly widespread contamination by industrial chemicals. Existing physical, chemical, and biological remediation approaches encounter challenges in preserving soil structure and function throughout the remediation process, as well as addressing the complexities of soil contamination on a regional scale. Viable solutions encompass monitoring and simulating soil processes, with a focus on utilizing big data to bridge micro-scale and macro-scale processes. Additionally, reducing pollutant emissions to soil is paramount due to the significant challenges associated with removing contaminants once they have entered the soil, coupled with the high economic costs of remediation. Further, it is imperative to implement advanced remediation technologies, such as monitored natural attenuation, and embrace holistic soil management approaches that involve regulatory frameworks, soil health indicators, and soil safety monitoring platforms. Safeguarding the enduring health and resilience of soils necessitates a blend of interdisciplinary research, technological innovation, and collaborative initiatives.
Hydrogels for agronomical application: from soil characteristics to crop growth: a review
Authors: Piccoli Ilaria , Camarotto Carlo , Squartini Andrea , Longo Matteo , Gross Silvia , Maggini Michele , Cabrera Miguel Lorenzo , Morari Francesco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn a growing world population scenario, greater demand for food and in turn agricultural input is expected in the coming decades. The development of innovative sustainable amendments and fertilizers such as hydrogels (HGs) relies on this context. HGs are defined as 3D polymeric networks with the ability to absorb and retain a large amount of water (i.e., swellability). HGs swellability makes them ideal platforms for water- and nutrient-controlled release. The literature reflects a notable diversity in HGs composition, properties, and impacts on agroecosystems, resulting in the dissemination of information across multiple publications. Within this context, the primary aim of this scientific review is to systematically compile, critically evaluate, and synthesize the latest findings and relevant literature pertaining to the application of HGs in agroecosystems. We found that this class of materials was consistently found on soil bulk density, crop available water, soil electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity and main cereal or legume crops performances particularly under moderate water deficit conditions, suggesting their effectiveness for arid and semi- arid areas. Encouraging results were also found on pesticide, agrochemicals, and microorganisms delivering. Thus, the delivery of agronomic inputs with loaded-HG may play a key role in forthcoming agriculture that would minimize the agronomic impact on the environment. Nevertheless, some critical issues still remain open, concerning: (i) the decreased of HG effectiveness following wetting and drying cycles, (ii) the impact of Na+ contained in HG on crop cells, (iii) the HG effect on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and pH, and (iv) HG biodegradability and their fate into the environment. In conclusion, HGs seem a promising technology to reach/maintain food security and soil health, but future research should address the development of well-defined protocols for producing biowaste-derived HG that will ensure their biodegradability and non-toxicity and will disclose new insights into a circular economy approach agronomy. One of the biggest challenges would be the synthesis of “smart” HG able to respond to environmental stimuli triggering molecule(s) release in soil.
Listening to Black Pregnant and Postpartum People: Using Technology to Enhance Equity in Screening and Treatment of Perinatal Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Witcraft Sara M. , Johnson Emily , Eitel Anna E. , Moreland Angela D. , King Courtney , Terplan Mishka , Guille Constance 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPerinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs), perinatal substance use disorders (PSUDs), and intimate partner violence (IPV) are leading causes of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States. Screening and referral for PMADs, PSUDs and IPV is recommended, however, racial disparities are prominent: Black pregnant and postpartum people (PPP) are less likely to be screened and attend treatment compared to White PPP. We conducted qualitative interviews to better understand the experience of Black PPP who used a text/phone-based screening and referral program for PMADs/PSUDs and IPV—Listening to Women and Pregnant and Postpartum People (LTWP). We previously demonstrated that LTWP led to a significant reduction in racial disparities compared to in-person screening and referral, and through the current study, sought to identify facilitators of PMAD/PSUD symptom endorsement and treatment attendance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 68 Black PPP who were or had been pregnant within the last 24 months, and who either had or did not have a PMAD or PSUD. Participants were enrolled in LTWP and provided feedback on their experience. Using a grounded theory approach, four themes emerged: usability, comfort, necessity, and recommendations. Ease of use, brevity, convenience, and comfort in discussing mental health and substance use via text were highlighted. Need for a program like LTWP in Black communities was discussed, given the reduction in perceived judgement and access to trusted information and resources for PMADs/PSUDs, which may lessen stigma. These qualitative findings illuminate how technology-based adaptations to behavioral health screening and referral can reduce perceived negative judgment and facilitate identification and referral to treatment, thereby more adequately meeting needs of Black PPP.
Potentials of an informational assembly assistance system for persons with cognitive disabilities—Results of a laboratory study
Authors: Bendzioch Sven , Hinrichsen Sven 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn Germany, individuals unable or not yet able to return to the general labor market due to disabilities are employed in sheltered workshops which are called WfbM (“Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen”). These organizations are required to earn the wages for the aforementioned group of people by offering market services. These services include, in particular, assembly activities. However, WfbM face the challenge that customer orders tend to become more complex, especially as a result of an increased number of product variants. This development not only has an impact on the work in WfbM, but also makes it much more difficult to achieve the desired inclusion of people with disabilities in the general labor market. Bearing this in mind, the research question addressed in this article can be stated as such: How far can the use of an informational assistance system compensate for performance deficits of people with disabilities in the context of assembly? The results of the conducted laboratory study show that the implementation of an assistance system can help to reduce existing barriers and challenges resulting from the mismatch between requirements of the general labor market and the performance characteristics of people with cognitive impairments.Practical Relevance: For people with disabilities, the use of assistance systems opens up new opportunities for participation in the general labor market and thus makes an important contribution to implementing the requirements of the “Bundesteilhabegesetz” (a law to strengthen participation of people with disabilities in Germany).
Are All Soldiers Ready for Resilience Training? An Initial Examination of Individual Readiness to Change
Authors: Adler Amy B , Cabrera Oscar A. , Britt Thomas W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEmployees in high-risk occupations like the military are often provided resilience training as a way to improve mental health and performance. This training typically reflects a one-size-fits-all model, even though employees likely differ in their readiness to receive resilience training. Borrowing from the readiness to change literature, the present study examined whether employees could be categorized in terms of their readiness to receive resilience training and whether this categorization was related to perceptions of the utility of resilience training, as well as self-reported resilience and mental health symptoms. Data were collected with an anonymous survey of 1,751 U.S. soldiers in a brigade combat team. Survey items assessed readiness for resilience training, self-reported resilience, mental health symptoms, and perceptions of unit-based resilience training. Following a factor analysis that identified three categories underlying readiness for resilience training (pre-contemplation, contemplation, and action), a finite mixture analysis resulted in the identification of four classes: receptive (71%), resistant (16%), engaged (9%), and disconnected (4%). In a sub-set of the sample (n = 1054) who reported participating in unit-based resilience training, those in the engaged class reported the most positive evaluations of the program. Relative to the other three classes, soldiers in the engaged class also reported the highest level of resilience and fewest mental health symptoms. Thus, those least receptive to resilience training may have been those who needed it most. These results can be used to tailor resilience interventions by matching intervention approach to the individual’s level of readiness to receive the training.
Balancing the scale: navigating ethical and practical challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) integration in legal practices
Authors: Zafar Ammar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe paper explores the integration of artificial intelligence in legal practice, discussing the ethical and practical issues that arise and how it affects customary legal procedures. It emphasises the shift from labour-intensive legal practice to technology-enhanced methods, with a focus on artificial intelligence's potential to improve access to legal services and streamline legal procedures. This discussion importantly highlights the ethical challenges introduced by the integration of Artificial Intelligence, with a specific focus on issues of bias and transparency. These ethical concerns become particularly paramount in the context of sensitive legal areas, including but not limited to, child custody disputes, criminal justice, and divorce settlements. It underscores the critical need for maintaining ethical vigilance, advocating for developing and implementing AI systems characterised by a profound commitment to ethical integrity. This approach is vital to guarantee fairness and uphold transparency across all judicial proceedings. The study advocates for a "human in the loop" strategy that combines human knowledge and AI techniques to mitigate biases and guarantee individualised legal results to ensure AI functions as a complement rather than a replacement, the paper concludes by emphasising the necessity of preserving the human element in legal practices.
An efficient beaconing of bluetooth low energy by decision making algorithm
Authors: Fujisawa Minoru , Yasuda Hiroyuki , Isogai Ryosuke , Arai Maki , Yoshida Yoshifumi , Li Aohan , Kim Song-Ju , Hasegawa Mikio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOngoing research endeavors are exploring the potential of artificial intelligence to enhance the efficiency of wireless communication systems. Nevertheless, complex computational mechanisms, such as those inherent in neural networks, are not optimally suited for applications where the reduction of computational intricacy is of paramount importance. The rise in Bluetooth-enabled devices has led to the widespread adoption of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in various IoT applications, primarily due to its low power consumption. For specific applications, such as lost and found tags which operate on small batteries, it’s especially important to further reduce power usage. With the objective of achieving low power consumption by optimally selecting channels and advertisement intervals, this paper introduces a parameter selection method derived from the Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) algorithm, a technique known for addressing human decision-making challenges. In this study, we evaluate our proposed method using simulations in diverse environments. The outcomes indicate that, without compromising much on reliability, our approach can reduce power consumption by up to 40% based on the wireless surroundings. Additionally, when this method was implemented on an actual BLE device, it demonstrated effectiveness in reducing power consumption by about 35% in real environments.
Online Learner Categories Recognition Based on MoE-LSTM Model
Authors: Wang Minghu , Gong Yanhua , Shi Zhikui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOnline learner behaviour patterns are comprehensive indicators reflecting the learning status and learning outcomes of online learners, which have a guiding role in the design, implementation and improvement of online education in the post-epidemic era, but the methods for their identification still need to be improved. To improve the accuracy of online learner identification, a model of online learner behaviour identification based on improved long and short-term memory networks with deep learning is established. Firstly, the online learner behaviour characteristics are extracted according to the behavioural science theory, secondly, the online learner type is identified based on the "hybrid expert system-long and short-term memory network" model, and then compared with other identification models, and finally, the results are outputted by the progressive gradient regression tree GBRT in the stacking integration framework and validated using The results were validated using a ten-fold crossover. The results show that the method is effective in portraying online learners, and its accuracy and robustness are improved compared to other algorithms.
Geographical Variation In Medication and Health Resource Use In Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Balcom Erin F. , McCombe Jennifer A. , Kate Mahesh , Vu Khanh , Martins Karen J. B. , Aponte-Hao Sylvia , Luu Huong , Richer Lawrence , Williamson Tyler , Klarenbach Scott W. , Smyth Penelope 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT:Background:Understanding disease-modifying therapy (DMT) use and healthcare resource utilization by different geographical areas among people living with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) may identify care gaps that can be used to inform policies and practice to ensure equitable care.Methods:Administrative data was used to identify pwMS on April 1, 2017 (index date) in Alberta. DMT use and healthcare resource utilization were compared between those who resided in various geographical areas over a 2-year post-index period; simple logistic regression was applied.Results:Among the cohort (n = 12,338), a higher proportion of pwMS who resided in urban areas (versus rural) received ≥ 1 DMT dispensation (32.3% versus 27.4%), had a neurologist (67.7% versus 63.9%), non-neurologist specialist (88.3% versus 82.9%), ambulatory care visit (87.4% versus 85.3%), and MS tertiary clinic visit (59.2% versus 51.7%), and a lower proportion had an emergency department (ED) visit (46.3% versus 62.4%), and hospitalization (20.4% versus 23.0%). Across the provincial health zones, there were variations in DMT selection, and a higher proportion of pwMS who resided in the Calgary health zone, where care is managed by MS tertiary clinic neurologists, had an outpatient visit to a neurologist or MS tertiary clinic versus those who resided in other zones where delivery of MS-related care is more varied.Conclusions:Urban/rural inequalities in DMT use and healthcare resource utilization appear to exist among pwMS in Alberta. Findings suggest the exploration of barriers with consequent strategies to increase access to DMTs and provide timely outpatient MS care management, particularly for those pwMS residing in rural areas.
Relationship Between Severity and Length of Exposure to COVID-19 Parameters and Resulting Government Responses and the Suicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS)
Authors: Cohen Lisa J. , Liang Yinan , Peterkin Devon , McGibbon Kamryn , Rappa Frank , Rogers Megan L. , You Sungeun , Chistopolskaya Ksenia , Enikolopov Sergey , Barzilay Shira , Menon Vikas , Husain M. Ishrat , Dudeck Manuela , Streb Judith , Çinka Elif , Yilmaz Fatma Kantas , Kuśmirek Oskar , Valvassori Samira S. , Blum Yarden , Galynker Igor 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a globally devastating psychosocial impact. A detailed understanding of the mental health implications of this worldwide crisis is critical for successful mitigation of and preparation for future pandemics. Using a large international sample, we investigated in the present study the relationship between multiple COVID-19 parameters (both disease characteristics and government responses) and the incidence of the suicide crisis syndrome (SCS), an acute negative affect state associated with near-term suicidal behavior.

Methods:
Data were collected from 5528 adults across 10 different countries in an anonymous web-based survey between June 2020 and January 2021.

Results:
Individuals scoring above the SCS cut-off lived in countries with higher peak daily cases and deaths during the first wave of the pandemic. Additionally, the longer participants had been exposed to markers of pandemic severity (eg, lockdowns), the more likely they were to screen positive for the SCS. Findings reflected both country-to-country comparisons and individual variation within the pooled sample.

Conclusion:
Both the pandemic itself and the government interventions utilized to contain the spread appear to be associated with suicide risk. Public policy should include efforts to mitigate the mental health impact of current and future global disasters.
Theory of small-scale self-focusing of spatially partially coherent beams and its implications for high-power laser systems
Authors: Wang Ruifeng , Zhang Xiaoqi , Zhang Yanli , Yang Fanglun , Tang Jianhao , Chen Ziang , Zhu Jianqiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Based on the paraxial wave equation, this study extends the theory of small-scale self-focusing (SSSF) from coherent beams to spatially partially coherent beams (PCBs) and derives a general theoretical equation that reveals the underlying physics of the reduction in the B-integral of spatially PCBs. From the analysis of the simulations, the formula for the modulational instability (MI) gain coefficient of the SSSF of spatially PCBs is obtained by introducing a decrease factor into the formula of the MI gain coefficient of the SSSF of coherent beams. This decrease can be equated to a drop in the injected light intensity or an increase in the critical power. According to this formula, the reference value of the spatial coherence of spatially PCBs is given, offering guidance to overcome the output power limitation of the high-power laser driver due to SSSF.
Heterodoxies of the Body: Death, Secularism, and the Corpse of Raja Rammohun Roy
Authors: Scott J. Barton 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn 1833, Rammohun Roy, the so-called “Father of Modern India,” died abruptly while traveling in England. Because cremation was then illegal in Britain, he was buried rather than immolated according to brahminical norms. This article situates the micro-history of his colonial corpse within the genealogy of secularism. I take secularism as a formation of the body in the most morbidly literal of ways—fused to embodied formations of race, caste, class, and gender and entangled with the transcolonial networks of nineteenth-century heterodoxy. Roy’s ritually indeterminate flesh was a site for cultural improvisation around a Victorian-colonial secularity formed in and through the body.