bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor innervation of the eustachian tube muscles in the guinea pig
Authors: Hecht Craig S. , Gannon Patrick J. , Eden Avrim R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe brainstem location of motoneurons innervating eustachian tube‐associated muscles in the adult guinea pig was determined using intramuscular injections of the neural tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Following HRP injections into the tensor veli palatini and the eustachian tube belly of the medial pterygoid muscle, an ipsilateral column of HRP‐labeled motoneurons was present medial to the dorsolateral division of the trigeminal motor nucleus. Following HRP injection into the levator veli palatini, labeled motoneurons were present in the ipsilateral dorsal division of nucleus ambiguus. The locations of the tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini motoneurons are similar to those found in studies of other animals. A distinct eustachian tube belly of the medial pterygoid muscle was also identified. This sub‐belly had a motoneuron pool distinct from the main medial pterygoid muscle group. The authors have provided the gross anatomical and neuroanatomical substrates upon which future studies of eustachian tube function in the guinea pig may be based.
pitfalls in evaluation of photosensitizing agents: An example with q‐switch II dye
Authors: Eton Darwin , Ahn Samuel , Shim Veronica , Kitada Shinishi , Elis Duncan G. , Lee David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPhotosensitizing agents potentiating laser therapy should have limited toxicity, no mutagenicity, stable spectral characteristics, and acceptable solubility when administered in vivo. Q‐Switch II dye (QII) has been shown by others to be an effective chromophore for photodynamic therapy at 1051 nm in fibroblast cell culture. The objective of this study was to determine the spectral stability of QII in biological media and then to localize QII after administration in vivo.Spectral evaluation was performed between 250 and 1100 nm. QII dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) rapidly lost its spectral characteristics, including its 1051‐nm peak, when contacting water, minimal essential medium, human serum, organ surfaces, and intracellular fluid. One minute following intramuscular (IM) injection of 0.1 mg QII in 0.2 mL of DMSO, the dose precipitated as a discrete mass which was excised and reconstituted in DMSO. A new spectral pattern was seen, with no absorption between 850 and 1100 nm. Following intravenous (IV), (IM), or intraperitoneal (IP) injection, QII was not detected in any organ.Q‐Switch II dye is not a suitable chromophore for in vivo photodynamic therapy at 1051 nm. Previous cell culture reports to the contrary did not account for the QII spectral change caused by biological media. Simple rapid assays are described to avoid this pitfall.
Cloning and sequencing of genomic DNA extracted from archival human temporal bone sections
Authors: Kerner Marc M. , Wackym Phillip A. , Popper Paul , Tabor David E. , Grody Wayne W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCloning techniques allow the engineering and production of highly purified DNA. Further advances in molecular biology have provided the means to identify DNA sequences in a rapid fashion. Sequencing methods can identify mutations, deletions, polymorphisms, or confirm a known genetic sequence. The use of these techniques in clinical medicine has made it possible to accurately diagnose infectious diseases and determine the molecular etiology of many genetic disorders and malignancies.In this study, DNA extracted from archival, celloidin‐embedded temporal bone sections has been cloned and sequenced using these techniques. We amplified, cloned, and sequenced varicella‐zoster viral DNA extracted from archival temporal bone sections from patients who had herpes zoster oticus. The application of cloning and sequencing techniques to DNA extracted from archival temporal bones provides the methodology to study temporal bone pathology at the molecular level.
The turbulent noise ratio: An estimation of noise power of the breathy voice using PARCOR analysis
Authors: Mori Kazunori , Blaugrund Stanley M. , Yu Jong Daw 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe degree of turbulent noise in the breathy voice of 25 patients with incomplete glottal closure was determined by PARCOR (PARtial autoCORrelation) analysis. From 10,000 acoustic data points, 44 PARCOR coefficients were calculated to form the residue wave which is representative of the glottal source. The power difference between the residue wave and the original acoustic wave was calculated in order to define a new measurement of acoustic power termed the turbulent noise ratio (TNR). The 25 patients were studied before and after Isshiki thyroplasty type I (IttI). The TNR became smaller in 24 of these patients following IttI, and corresponded closely with acoustic (Fukazawa's Br‐Index), aerodynamic (Isshiki's AC/DC ratio), mean airflow rate during phonation, and videolaryngostroboscopic findings. Data affirm that the TNR accurately reflects the degree of turbulent noise at the glottal source.
Pathogenesis of peritonsillar abscess
Authors: Passy Victor 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe pathogenesis of peritonsillar abscess is described in textbooks as being a direct communication and progression of acute exudative tonsillitis. Little study has been done on the true etiology and pathogenesis of peritonsillar abscess. This paper focuses on the pathogenesis of peritonsillar abscess. A group of salivary glands (Weber's glands) proven to be located in the supratonsillar space have been shown to be implicated in the pathogenesis of peritonsillar abscess. A review of peritonsillar abscess has been undertaken, and evidence has been presented to support the premise that the true cause for peritonsillar abscess is not necessarily an extension of an acute exudative tonsillitis, but an abscess formation of Weber's salivary glands in the supratonsillar fossa.
High relative risk of a second pulmonary cancer in patients affected by laryngeal cancer: Differences by specific site of occurrence and lung cancer histotype
Authors: Silvestri Furio , Bussani Rossana , Cosatti Carla , Bosatra Andrea 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe frequency of a second primary lung tumor in patients affected by laryngeal cancer has been evaluated on the basis of 128,532 biopsies and 27,753 autopsies carried out from January 1, 1979 through December 31, 1988.Among these cases, 432 laryngeal cancers and 44 synchronous or metachronous pulmonary cancers have been detected (7 during life, 37 at autopsy).The highest risk of developing a lung tumor has been evidenced in patients affected by supraglottic cancer during the first 2 years of follow‐up (relative risk [RR]: 32.56 for supraglottic patients versus 5.55 for glottic patients). This is particularly true of patients affected by multicentric supraglottic tumors (RR: 62.5).A significant hyperfrequency of undifferentiated lung cancers also has been noted in supraglottic patients (RR: 45.45 for supraglottic versus 14.28 for glottic patients).The information provided by autopsy allows for a more realistic and detailed outlining of the issue of tumor multiplicity, stressing the importance of strict preventive and follow‐up protocols.
Prevalence of facial canal dehiscence and of persistent stapedial artery in the human middle ear: A report of 1000 temporal bones
Authors: Moreano Edwin H. , Paparella Michael M. , Zelterman Daniel , Goycoolea Marcos V. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA total of 1000 temporal bones were used to study the prevalence of facial canal dehiscence and of persistent stapedial artery in detail. Of the temporal bones studied, 560 (56%) contained at least one facial canal dehiscence. There was a 76.3% prevalence of bilaterality of this canal wall gap. The most common site of dehiscence was the oval window area. The concept of microdehiscence of the facial canal is introduced. One third of the temporal bones observed had a microdehiscence of the facial canal, usually located at the oval window area (74.9%) and found bilaterally 40% of the time. The authors found a 0.48% prevalence (5 out of 1045) of persistent stapedial artery. This is the first histological study of temporal bones to report a prevalence of this vascular anomaly.
Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the intracavernous ICA presenting with massive epistaxis: Imaging diagnosis and endovascular treatment
Authors: Han Moon Hee , Chang Kee Hyun , Han Man Chung , Sung Myung Whun , Min Yang Gi , Han Dae Hee 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTraumatic pseudoaneurysm of the intracavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) is a very rare cause of epistaxis but is a life‐threatening clinical situation when left untreated. The authors have experienced four cases of traumatic pseudoaneurysm involving the intracavernous ICA. Delayed massive epistaxes developed 1 to 8 months after trauma and initial transient epistaxis in all four patients. Three of the cases were successfully managed by the detachable balloon occlusion (DBO) of the ICA along with the aneurysm openings. In one case, a large pseudoaneurysm destroying a large area of the central skull base with peripheral blood clot was demonstrated on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography; this patient died due to massive epistaxis before the trial of DBO. Imaging findings of pseudoaneurysms involving the intracavernous ICA in the four cases are described, and the role of endovascular treatment is discussed.
Airway obstruction in hemophilia (factor VIII deficiency): A 28‐year institutional review
Authors: Bogdan Charles J. , Strauss Melvin , Ratnoff Oscar D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLife‐threatening airway compromise is rarely reported as a major complication of coagulation disorders. However, before adequate factor‐replacement therapy became available, this complication was often fatal. A retrospective review of all patients with classic hemophilia admitted to our institution from 1964 through 1992 was performed. The records of 147 patients who had a total of 1804 admissions were examined. Fifteen episodes of airway obstruction occurred. Additionally, 6 cases of potential airway compromise and 5 cases of airway‐endangering oropharyngeal bleeding were identified. Tracheotomy was performed in 5 patients; 1 fatality occurred before modern replacement products were available. Patients with this disorder have a 13% chance of some form of airway‐endangering event with an 8% chance that it will be immediately life‐threatening. Tracheotomy and subsequent decannulation are safe procedures in these patients.
Intraluminal flame spread in tracheal tubes
Authors: Wolf Gerald L. , Sidebotham George W. , Stern Jeffrey B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntraluminal combustion in polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes was investigated. Two flame types were observed: intraluminal and downstream. The flame‐spread velocity, burning rate, and equivalence ratio of the intraluminal flame were determined. The products of the intraluminal flame were analyzed, revealing compounds capable of further combustion.Below a certain oxidant flow rate, the tubes do not ignite. At low flow rates that support a flame, the burning rate is minimal and the equivalence ratio reveals no fuel available for the downstream flame, suggesting that ignition of tracheal tubes is least likely in the absence of intraluminal flow.We conclude that the downstream flame is the flame type that is most dangerous and that the intraluminal flame is the generator of fuel and ignition energy for the downstream flame.
Relationship of biopsy and final specimens in evaluation of tumor thickness in floor of mouth carcinoma
Authors: Karas David E. , Baredes Soly , Chen Thomas S. , Karas Shawky F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA number of studies have suggested that tumor thickness may be a valuable prognostic indicator in the evaluation of head and neck cancers. This study examined the relationship between tumor thickness measured in preliminary biopsy specimens with the final specimens obtained in 31 patients patients with floor of mouth epidermoid carcinoma. There was a significant statistical correlation between biopsy and final specimens. The Pearson's product‐moment correlation coefficient was 0.58, which corresponded to a significance level of P<.0005. The results of this study showed that those patients who had biopsies with a thickness less than or equal to 1 mm were likely to have final specimens with a thickness less than 2 mm. All patients with a thickness greater than 2 mm had a final specimen with a thickness greater than 3.5 mm. Modification of current biopsy techniques may result in values more predictive of final thickness measurements.
Intraoral ultrasound evaluation of peritonsillar abscess
Authors: Strong E. Bradley , Woodward Paula J. , Johnson Leland P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPeritonsillar cellulitis and peritonsillar abscess are similar clinical entities with markedly different methods of treatment. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is paramount to appropriate treatment.This pilot study was designed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of intraoral ultrasound as a noninvasive method of differentiating abscess from cellulitis. Sixteen consecutive patients suspected of having peritonsillar abscess were prospectively evaluated with intraoral ultrasound. The results were confirmed with imaging or surgical drainage.Correct diagnoses were made in 9 (90%) of 10 abscesses and in 5 (83%) of 6 cases of cellulitis. Our results suggest that, while there is a learning curve for intraoral ultrasound, it is an accurate, noninvasive, and inexpensive tool to differentiate abscess from cellulitis. We believe that this will be a clinically useful technique in the future.
Orbital osteology: A study of the surgical landmarks
Authors: Mcqueen Chapman T. , Diruggiero Douglas C. , Campbell Jeffrey P. , Shockley William W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study was conducted to re‐examine the osteological anatomy of the orbit. Previous studies examined dried human skulls; this study looks at cadaveric specimens in a population that more closely resembles the population in the United States. Measurements were made of the bony orbit to define safe distances for surgical intervention and to identify distances to intraorbital fissures, canals, and foramina. Safe distances to the optic nerve were identified by subtracting 5 mm from the shortest measured specimen. The safe distances were as follows: medial quadrant, 29 mm; inferior quadrant, 39 mm; superior quadrant, 38 mm; and lateral quadrant, 36 mm. Staying close to the bony wall, not exceeding these parameters, and careful identification of anatomical structures should keep the surgeon from inadvertent damage to the intraorbital structures.
Nervus intermedius function after vestibular schwannoma removal: Clinical features and pathophysiological mechanisms
Authors: Irving Richard M. , Viani Laura , Hardy David G. , Baguley David M. , Moffat David A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe results of facial nerve outcome following vestibular schwannoma removal have generally ignored the sensory component of the nerve. This lack of reporting occurs partly because the distress relating to these functions is less obvious to the surgeon, and partly because the facial nerve grading systems currently used do not include the functions of the nervus intermedius.We have estimated the frequency and nature of abnormalities of nervus intermedius function following vestibular schwannoma removal using a retrospective questionnaire. Questionnaires were mailed to 257 patients and correctly completed and returned by 224 (87%) of the patients.Prior to surgery 5 (2%) of the patients complained of crocodile tears, 9 (4%) noted dryness of the eye, and 15 (6%) complained of an abnormality of taste. Postoperative crocodile tears occurred in 98 (44%), an absence or significant reduction in the production of tears was noted in 162 (72%), and a taste abnormality, either a significant reduction or an alteration in character, was noted in 107 (48%). The onset of crocodile tears approximated to a bimodal distribution, and the recovery of nervus intermedius functions was variable.This study has demonstrated that nervus intermedius abnormalities are common following vestibular schwannoma removal. It also documents their natural history and discusses the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. We suggest that appropriate preoperative counseling be given to all patients undergoing surgery and that the functions of the nervus intermedius be included in the surgical reporting of facial nerve results in cerebellopontine angle surgery.
Surgical treatment of cervicofacial nontuberculous mycobacterial adenitis in children
Authors: Tunkel David E. , Brian Romaneschi K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFifteen children with nontuberculous mycobacterial adenitis of the head and neck underwent surgical treatment between July 1991 and July 1994. Fineneedle aspiration for biopsy and culture allowed early diagnosis in nine children. Positive cultures grew Mycobacterium auium‐intracellulare complex in 12 children and M. chelonei in one child. Total excision was performed in 10 cases with combinations of lymphadenectomy and salivary gland excision. Curettage was used to successfully treat five children. One patient required local flap coverage for primary wound repair. Two patients required more than one surgical procedure. Our approach to early diagnosis and surgical treatment of cervicofacial nontuberculous mycobacterial adenitis is presented.
Vocal fold medialization using autologous cartilage in a canine model: A preliminary study
Authors: Guay Marc E. , Miller Frank R. , Bauer Thomas W. , Tucker Harvey M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUnilateral vocal fold paralysis can alter phonation. Medialization of the vocal fold using cartilage augmentation dates to the early 1950s. Improved phonation after cartilage chordal augmentation has been reported, but no study has as yet documented cartilage viability or size in this setting over time.The authors of this study evaluated thyroid alar cartilage as a medializing material in three mongrel dogs. Grafts were inserted lateral to the inner thyroid perichondrium at the vocal fold level via a window in the thyroid cartilage. Changes in weight, size, and volume were assessed 6 months after implantation. The average graft weight declined by 15%, and the average square area declined by 3%. Importantly, the average volume maintained was 87%. The grafts remained rigidly fixed to the thyroid cartilage in their placement positions. Histologic examination documented minimal resorption. The data suggest that thyroid alar cartilage is a viable filler in type I thyroplasty procedures.
Bacteriology of sinusitis in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive patients: Implications for management
Authors: Upadhyay Sanjiv , Marks Steven C. , Arden Richard L. , Cohn Arnold M. , Crane Lawrence R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe bacteriology of sinusitis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients has been only sporadically reported. In this study, we report the results of cultures taken from 12 HIV patients with refractory chronic sinusitis who underwent surgery.Nine of the 12 patients had positive cultures with 16 isolates and 5 patients having multiple isolates. Five of the 12 patients grew out atypical or opportunistic infections not responsive to standard medical therapy, including 3 patients with cytomegalovirus, 1 with Aspergillus fumigatus, and 1 with Mycobacterium kansasii.These results suggest the need for aggressive medical care for HIV‐infected patients with sinusitis and early intervention for tissue cultures in patients who do not respond to standard antibiotic regimens.
Preoperative identification of patients at risk for delirium after major head and neck cancer surgery
Authors: Weed Harrison G. , Lutman Christopher V. , Young Donn C. , Schuller David E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study was performed to determine preoperative criteria for identifying patients at risk for delirium after major head and neck cancer surgery. The authors prospectively evaluated 138 consecutive patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery lasting more than 2 hours at the Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, from July 1993 through May 1994.Postoperative delirium developed in 24 of 138 patients (17%; 95% confidence interval 11% to 24%). The strongest univariate predictors of delirium were living alone (P=.005), the American Society of Anesthesiologists class (P=.003), and the preoperative white blood cell count (P<.0001). A predictive model for delirium using five criteria mdash age of 70 or more years, alcohol abuse, poor cognitive status, poor functional status, and markedly abnormal serum sodium, potassium, or glucose level mdash stratified the patients into three cohorts with an increasing risk of postoperative delirium (i.e., 9%, 19%, and 25%).
Functional outcome after surgery for prevention of pharyngospasms in tracheoesophageal speakers. Part I: Speech characteristics
Authors: Blom Eric D. , Hamaker Ronald C. , Pauloski Barbara Roa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe speech characteristics of 29 patients with primary tracheoesophageal puncture who received either a pharyngeal constrictor myotomy, a unilateral pharyngeal plexus neurectomy, or a unilateral pharyngeal plexus neurectomy with drainage myotomy limited to the cricopharyngeus were studied. All patients used a Blom‐Singer low‐pressure voice prosthesis. Audio recordings of each patient speaking with both the Blom‐Singer tracheostoma valve and manual occlusion of the tracheostoma were recorded at 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery. The three surgical variations were equally effective at preventing pharyngospasms; only 1 patient (10%) in each group had some loss of fluency during the 12 month study period. Neurectomized patients produced significantly higher fundamental frequencies during reading than did patients in the other groups. Residual resting tone in the neurectomized pharyngoesophageal segment may contribute to more favorable speaking frequencies in this group.
The natural history of globus pharyngeus
Authors: Rowley H. , O'Dwyer T.P. , Timon C.I. , Jones A.S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhile globus pharyngeus is a common disorder, accounting for 3% to 4% of new otolaryngology outpatient referrals, few long‐term follow‐up studies have been conducted on patients with this condition. The authors of this study followed 74 patients with a diagnosis of globus pharyngeus for an average of 7 years, 7 months (range: 7 years to 8 years, 10 months). During the follow‐up period, 55% of patients were asymptomatic and 45% of patients had persistent symptoms.An in‐depth analysis of features at clinical presentation failed to reveal any reliable prognostic indicators. A number of patients developed other conditions during the follow‐up period, but no patient developed upper aerodigestive tract malignancy. This study represents the longest follow‐up of globus patients to date and, to the authors' knowledge, is the first to address the issue of malignancy in globus.