bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety measures in gynecological laser surgery
Authors: Lobraico Rocco V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe advantages of the laser have been extolled in the literature but, in contrast, there is a paucity of infomation on the hazards involved in its surgical use. Recognition and prevention of risks is a mandatory requirement. The experience by encounter is described with counsel as to the prerequisite of taking precautionary measures prior to and during any operative procedure. Although safety features are incorporated in the equipment by the manufactuer, failure to peruse the operating manual has led to unnecessary errors in application and control. The operator and assisting personnel must be disciplined to concentrate on every use of the laser. Granting professionals surgical laser privileges with minimal training is an error in administration. A safety officer should be designated from the nursing or technician staff who will be responsible for knowing all the federal rules and regulations, setting up equipment, and constantly exercising safety surveillance during a laser surgical procedure.
Interception of lymphatic drainage by Nd: YAG laser irradiation in rat urinary bladder
Authors: Zimmermann I. , Stern J. , Frank F. , Keiditsch E. , Hofstetter A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLymphatic drainage can be demonstrated by colloidal indian ink injection. A small intramural indian ink spot in the bladder dome is separated from the rest of the rat urinary bladder by encircling transmural Neodymium‐YAG (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation. In untreated animals there is an ink flow via the lymphatic vessels to the regional lymph nodes within several hours. In treated animals, after laser irradiation, the indian ink remains in the bladder dome and a penetration of the irradiated area cannot be found by macroscopic and histologic examination. Indian ink will be found in the regional lymph nodes after the ninth day of absorption of the coagulation necrosis and recanalisation of the intercepted lymphatics. Evidence for the interception of the lymphatic drainage is demonstrated by the distinctly delayed ink flow and the injected ink's remaining in the irradiated area. From this, we conclude that Nd:YAG laser irradiation is especially suitable for tumor coagulation, since simultaneous interception of lymphatic drainage will inhibit the spreading of tumor cells.
Investigation of carcinogenic effects of in Vitro Argon and CO2 laser exposure of fibroblasts
Authors: Apfelberg David B. , Mittelman Harry , Chadi Benny , Maser Morton R. , Lash Harvey 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMouse heteroploid fibroblasts were grown nine future generations in vitro tissue culture. The cells were exposed to argon laser, CO2 laser, and x‐ray. Results of scoring for mangnant transformation foci were tabulated and compared. Lasers did not produce a significant malignant transformation. Clinical laser use is reviewed and histology as well as long‐term clinical experience confirms the safety of lasers.
Review of the treatment of port wine stains with the argon laser
Authors: Touquet V. L. R. , Carruth J. A. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe role of the argon laser for the treatment of port wine stain (PWS) is reviewed in relation to the Southampton regime, which is based on finding the minimal blanching power. Both the advantages and limitations of this form of treatment are discussed, stressing the importance of first obtaining a satisfactory test patch.
Present status of laser neurosurgery
Authors: Stellar Stanley 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA three‐fold approach to the status of laser neurosurgery was taken: 1) Questionnaire to Program Directors for neurosurgery training in the United States and Canada; 2) an analysis of titles in the preliminary neurosurgery program of the Fifth International Congress of Neurosurgery; 3) A literature survey convering the last 3 years of publication. The results showed increasing interest in the use of lasers in neurosurgery, especially for neoplasmas in brain and spinal canal. The CO2 laser still dominates the field but Neodymium YAG is also finding wide use. The author comments on directions that laser neurosurgery may take in the future. Special emphasis is made on new applications combining advanced technologies, including CAT scanning, untrasonography, stereotaxic techniques, and computer control.
Laser workshops in neurological surgery
Authors: Brown J. T. , Cerullo Leonard J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWith the recent increased popularity of laser use in neurosurgery, there arises the question of the value and necessity of a “hands‐on” laser workshop in preparing the surgeon for clinical use of the instrument. To find an answer, a questionnaire was recently circulated to those who had participated in such a workshop.Participants were asked whether they were actually using the laser clinically since attending the workshop and, if so, the type of laser they were using. Whether the course was influential in their decision to use a laser and whether they felt they could have used the instrument without such a course was also asked. In addition, the surgeons were asked how long it took them to become comfortable using the laser. The types of procedures, the percentage of operative cases and the mode (freehand or microlinked) in which the laser was used was also investigated. Finally, absolute indications for laser use in neurosurgery and methods to improve laser education were sought.The answers were varied and interesting, but it is our conclusion that a “hands‐on” workshop is both a valuable and necessary means of preparing a neurosurgeon for clinical use of a laser, and participation in such a course should be encouraged.
Carbon dioxide laser in scalp tumor surgery
Authors: Sacchini V. , Lovo G. F. , Arioli N. , Nava M. , Bandieramonte G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe widespread application of the CO2 laser in surgical treatment of tumor led us to verify its usefulness in selected cases of scalp tumor. Twelve selected patients underwent CO2 laser surgical excision plus vaporization of the wound base for infiltrating tumors during 1980–82.All patients showed associated pathologies that interfered with the traditional surgical excision and with anesthesiological practices.Our experience has confirmed the effectiveness of the laser technique under these conditions and with respect to subsequent plastic restoration.
Primary fluorescence of rat muscle after CO2 laser thermal injury
Authors: Giordano P. A. , Prosperi E. , Bottiroli G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObservations are reported indicating that CO2 laser radiation induces the appearance of strong primary fluorescence in the tissues surrounding the incidence zone of the beam. The characteristics of this emission were studied by means of cytofluorometric techniques on rat muscles and compared with the fluorescence obtained by a heating procedure or by storage of tissue slices.Laser‐induced primary fluorescence was found to be related to the thermal effect of CO2 laser radiation. Moreover, evidence is provided that the processes occurring during heating and those occurring during tissue decomposition most probably produce the same fluorescent products, albeit with different rates.From the results obtained, it is suggested that primary fluorescence can be used as a marker of the damage suffered by the irradiated tissues.
Preliminary results of argon and carbon dioxide laser treatment of keloid scars
Authors: Apfelberg David B. , Maser Morton R. , Dds Harvey Lash , White David , Weston Jane 
Published: March 2007

AbstractArgon and CO2 lasers have been used to treat 13 patients with well‐established keloid scars of the trunk or earlobe. Multiple‐bore‐hole argon technique and total excision with the CO2 laser were attempted. One patient with an earlobe keloid responded to treatment, all other patients had no improvement.Argon and CO2 lasers have been used to treat 13 patients with well‐established keloid scars of the trunk or earlobe. Multiple‐bore‐hole argon technique and total excision with the CO2 laser were attempted. One patient with an earlobe keloid responded to treatment, all other patients had no improvement.
Biological effect of He‐Ne laser: Investigations on functional and micromorphological alterations of cell membranes, in vitro
Authors: Kubasova Tamara , Somosy Zoltán , Unk Péter , Kókai András , Kovács Lajos 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA 1‐J/cm2 dose of single laser‐irradiation applied on primary human embryo fibroblast culture was not followed either by functional or micromorphological alterations of cell surfaces. This dose, however, applied four times with 24‐hour intervals changed the functional conditions as well as surface charges of cell membranes. As detection methods, radioactive glucosamine uptake, lectin, and cationized ferritin‐binding techniques were applied. At the same time, the scanning and transmission electron microscopy of laser‐irradiated cells did not reveal any micromorphological or ultrastructural alterations. The effect of a 5‐J/cm2dose did not differ from that of 1 J/cm2. It is suggested that laser radiation‐induced circumstances on cell surfaces can contribute to the strength of cell‐to‐cell contacts, i.e., to the stimulation of epithelization experienced in the clinical gynecol‐ ogic practice.
Hematoporphyrin derivative and laser photodynamical reaction in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors
Authors: Song Shou‐Zhong , Li Jun‐Heng , Zou Jin , Shu Ming‐Yan , Zhao Fu‐Yun , Jin Mao‐Lin , Guo Zhong‐He 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper reports the use of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) with laser activation in China for the diagnosis and treatment of various kinds of malignant neoplasms.Fluorescence observation for diagnosis was performed for 170 tumors. One hundred and fifty‐one (88.8%) fluoresced visably upon excitation with either argon or He‐Cd laser light.One hundred and thirty‐nine malignant tumors in 136 patients were treated by this method. The percentage of all tumors responding to treatment was 80.6%. Partial to complete response were obtained in 51.1 % of the tumors treated.The advantages and disadvantages of this method are discussed. It was found effective in treating various kinds of neoplasms located at different anatomical sites.The penetrating depth of the laser is shallow. This limits its effect and application. A search for new photosensitizing drugs and an increase in the penetrating depth of laser irradiation are urgent goals for further development of this technique.
Thermal effects of the Nd: YAG and carbon dioxide lasers on the central nervous system
Authors: Burke L. , Rovin R. A. , Cerullo L. J. , Brown J. T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe use of laser is becoming commonplace in neurological surgery because of the potential for surgical precision with minimal surrounding trauma, improved hemostasis, freedom from electrical interference of evoked potentials recordings, and a variety of other benefits. Despite this enthusiasm, there are little significant data regarding various laser‐neural tissue interactions. Thermal transformation was studied using both carbon dioxide and Nd: YAG lasers on rat cerebral cortex. The Nd: YAG laser produced a significant quantity of heat which spread far beyond the boundaries of the histologically identified lesion. The thermal profile of the carbon dioxide laser on brain indicated minimal thermal spread change, even immediately adjacent to the physical edge of the lesion. Mechanisms and ramifications are discussed.
In situ monitoring of myocardial metabolism by laser fluorimetry: Relevance of a test of local ischemia
Authors: Renault Guy , Sinet Martine , Muffat‐Joly Martine , Cornillault Jean , Jacques Pocidalo Jean 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have developed a hypoxia test by local ischemia, to be performed with a special probe adapted to an in situ NADH laser fluorimeter. Local ischemia is produced by pressurization on the organ surface in an area of approximately 0.2 mm2.In order to assess the method on open‐chest rat hearts (ten), we used the following protocol: local ischemia tests (three), global anoxia (100% N2 ventilation), superimposition of local ischemia to global anoxia, and local ischemia tests during the period just prior to death and immediately thereafter.Three different responses were observed: large amplitude of compensated fluorescence (F0) increase, medium amplitude of F0 increase, and no F0 increase. These responses were related to the metabolic state prior to the test (States 3, 4, and 5 of Chance's nomenclature).We have thus demonstrated the possibility of very rapidly determining the in situ NADH degree of reduction, without a destructive assay. Such a parameter may be of great relevance in heart surgery, as it might allow detection of potentially harmful situations, thereby enabling early and appropriate treatment.
The use of the Nd:YAG laser in urology
Authors: Stein Barry S. , Richard Kendall A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe use of the neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser in urology is still in its infancy. To date, the most widely published application of this laser is in the treatment of bladder carcinoma. We have utilized the Nd:YAG laser in 23 treatments for superficial bladder tumors. The laser has both advantages and shortcomings, which are thoroughly addressed. In our hands the laser has been a safe instrument for the treatment of these lesions, although we do not recommend its use for tumors >3 cm. We have treated two patients with invasive disease one week prior to planned cystectomy. In one case, no residual tumor was found at cystectomy, while the second patient had viable tumor only in an untreated area. Two patients were successfully treated with the laser for intractable bladder bleeding, one each with primary and secondary bladder tumor.Seven patients with condylomata acuminata were treated with laser therapy. All had excellent results without complication. One patient with urethral bleeding secondary to trauma was treated without success, while one patient with a urethral hemangioma was well treated with the Nd:YAG laser. Thus the Nd:YAG laser would appear to have a place in the urologic armamentarium, but whether it is cost‐effective for widespread use remains to be seen.
Laser surgery in enclosed spaces: A review
Authors: Macruz Radi , Ribeiro Márcio P. , Brum José Mauro G. , Pasqualucci Carlos Augusto , Mnitentag Jaime , Bozinis Dimitrios G. , Marques Euclydes , Jatene Adib Domingos , Décourt Luiz V. , Armelin Egas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe the results of experiments carried out in the arteries of dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, and humans, normal or atheromatous, calcified, or not, with the application of the argon and CO2 laser, in vitro or in vivo, directly or indirectly. Similarly, we present the results of laser effects when radiation is delivered through a special catheter with the purpose of producing aortic insufficiency, opening pulmonary valvular stenosis, desobstructing carotid and coronary obstruction induced in dogs as well as atheromatous obstructions in human amputated legs. Arterial wall perforation was present in 50% of all cases. We suggest four options in order to diminish this adverse result: (1) the use of coherent optical bundles which will allow the proper guiding of the laser beam, (2) the construction of a special catheter for proper handling of the laser‐carrying fiber, (3) a combination of optical and computer programs which will aid to identify calcified regions, and (4) the use of dyes which will be strongly and selectively absorbed by the atheromas and which will thus allow their destruction at low laser powers.
Laser endarterectomy
Authors: Eugene John , McColgan Stephen J. , Hammer‐Wilson Marie , Berns Michael W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLaser radiation can be applied directly at a diseased artery to dissect the plaque away from the media and perform an open endarterectomy. The appropriate cleavage plane within the media can be achieved with the laser beam for precise reconstruction of the artery. Laser endarterectomy offers a technique for the study of laser radiation upon arteriosclerosis and may become a new modification of a standard surgical technique.
Absence of distal emboli during in vivo laser recanalization
Authors: Case Robert B. , Choy Daniel S. J. , Dwyer Edward M. , Silvernail Paul J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe used an argon laser to recanalize occluded arteries in vivo and to determine the extent of any particulate matter resulting from the procedure that might cause embolization.Thrombosis was achieved by balloon de‐endothelialization and thrombin injection in 12 canine femoral or carotid arteries in six dogs. The resulting totally occlusive thrombi (2.5–8.5 cm in length) were laser treated in situ 2–29 days after formation, using laser tip power outputs of 0.8–3.4 W. The treated arterial segment was perfused before, during, and after the recanalization procedure with 1,000 ml of heparinized saline. All saline passing through the artery was collected and studied by filtration through 20‐μm pore filter paper; 50‐ml unfiltered aliquots were studied by automated, calibrated cell counting and microscopically after centrifugation and staining.All vessels except one were completely recanalized. Filtration yielded a thin reddish, dust‐like residue. No large fragments were found in 11 of 12 effluents. The residue after centrifugation was almost entirely composed of erythrocytes plus one to four 20‐30‐μm strands of amorphous cellular material per high‐power field. Cell counting showed that 99.1% of the material in the effluents was smaller than 9.37 μm.These results demonstrate the presence of some filterable debris following laser recanalization of intraarterial thrombi, but it probably lacks any physiologic significance. Further study of this effect of laser recanalization is needed.
Embolization and vessel wall perforation in argon laser recanalization
Authors: Choy Daniel S. J. , Stertzer Simon , Loubeau Jean‐Michel , Kesseler Howard , Quilici Phillipe , Rotterdam Heidrun , Meltzer Lon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe primary concerns in the development of a laser catheter for intravascular use are the potential hazards of vessel wall perforation and distal embolization. We present evidence, using technetium 99‐labeled thrombi in two rabbit aortas and one human cadaver coronary artery, that distal embolization does not occur after argon laser recanalization. Also, no vessel wall perforation was observed during recanalization of 15 thrombosed rabbit aortas and 1 inferior vena cava, used because of their extremely thin walls. Laser recanalization of three peripheral arteries with atherosclerotic plaque obstruction, in amputated human legs, snowed no evidence of vessel wall perforation.The incidence of vessel wall perforation can be minimized by preferential use of the argon laser, strict maintainence of a coaxial relationship between the laser catheter and the vessel, and exercising care during the actual lasing process.Distal embolization does not appear to be an important consideration.
Responses of atherosclerotic aorta to argon laser
Authors: Dries David J. , Lawrence Peter F. , Syverud John , Moatamed Farhad , Dixon John 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLasers have been advocated to resect atherosclerotic plaques in the cardiovascular system, yet little information is available regarding the effects of laser on the range of occlusive lesions seen in the peripheral arterial tree. This study was conducted to assess the risk of perforation in human cadaveric aorta involved with variable degrees of atherosclerosis. Ten fresh segments of atherosclerotic human aorta were graded for extent of atherosclerosis, then subjected to argon laser energy within 48 hours. Using air as the conduction medium and with the fiber tip 2 or 5 mm from the vessel wall, the argon laser was applied to matched calcified and non‐calcified arteries at 3.0‐7.0 W and 10.0–13.5 W with energy density identical for matched pairs. Results were compared among segments which were normal in appearance or had only fatty streaks grossly with those with gross regional wall calcification. The mean penetration time (T) for calcified and non‐calcified lesions at low and high power outputs was compared. magnified imageMean time to perforation and range of time necessary to produce perforation were greater in calcified than non‐calcified segments at all power levels employed. These data suggest that atherosclerotic lesions vary in their response to argon laser. The presence of calcium may preclude resection of some plaques and protect against wall perforation.
The use of the Nd‐YAG laser in neurosurgery
Authors: Beck O. J. , Frank F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWhereas the focused CO2 laser may be used as a cutting instrument in less vascularized tissue with limited trauma to the surrounding tissue, use of the defocused Nd‐YAG laser results in homogeneous coagulation with an energy‐dependent depth effect. Thus, residual tumor tissue may be cauterized selectively with a depth effect which can be predicted with satisfactory precision. Tumor shrinkage and demarcation based on different absorption properties facilitates dissection and, moreover, allows the preservation of healthy tissue. The excellent coagulating properties of the Nd‐YAG laser render it especially effective in cases of highly vascularized meningeal tumors.
Microendoscopic surgery of the hypopharyngeal pouch with the CO2 laser
Authors: Hoeksema P. E. , Edens E.Th. , Van Overbeek J.J.M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn 1964 we started to treat hypopharyngeal (Zenker's) diverticula endoscopically, using the procedure described by Dohlman. With the increase in the number of patients (350), the technique and the instruments used have improved. This paper describes the technique, which involves exposure of the tissue bridge between esophagus and diverticulum with the aid of a specially designed scope and subsequent severance with the CO2 laser of this bridge under microscopic control. The use of an operating microscope and the laser is a great improvement in endoscopic treatment of hypopharyngeal diverticula.
Nd‐YAG laser for general surgery
Authors: Iwasaki Masaru , Sasako Mitsuru , Konishi Toshiro , Maruyama Yuji , Wada Tatsuo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report here our clinical experiences with Nd‐YAG laser on general surgery, and evaluate the results of this procedure. From December 1979 to December 1981, we applied Nd‐YAG laser to various operations as a hemostatic and cutting tool. For hemostasis, we used conventional quartz fiber which was covered with sterile tube, and hemostatic efficacy was examined especially in the subcutaneous bleeding and the bleeding from solid organs. For cutting, we used special devices, ie, Medilas YAG surgical probe (noncontact‐type probe), and a laser blade (contact‐type probe), and performed four liver resections. It is concluded that the hemostatic efficacy of Nd‐YAG laser to various bleeders was proved in general surgical procedures, and furthermore this laser can cut tissue if we utilize these devices. When comparing these two devices, we would prefer the contact‐type probe.
Preliminary investigative studies with PDT in dermatologic and plastic surgery
Authors: Goldman Leon , Gregory Richard O. , Plant Mary La 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPDT has been shown to be of value in inoperable basal and squamous skin cancers and in cutaneous metastases. Azone, a new investigative vehicle for HpD, is of value more for intralesional injections than for topical applications in tumors, except perhaps for superficial mucous membrane lesions. The more flexible gold head vapor is of definite value in the PDT program.For test models for PDT studies in dermatology and plastic surgery with HpD and other fluorochromes, single thickened resistant plaques of psoriasis and the common baso squamous acanthoma (seborrheic warty growth) have been used. In all these studies, adequate controls are necessary.