bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The in‐vitro digestibility and chemical composition of plant parts in white clover, red clover and lucerne during primary growth
Authors: Wilman David , Altimimi Mehdi A. K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhite clover (cv. Grasslands Huia), red clover (cv. Norseman) and lucerne (cv. Sabilt) were sampled during primary growth at the flower bud, near full flowering and seeds formed stages in each of 2 years. Each sample was separated into 2–11 plant parts, depending on species and stage of growth, and for each part the in‐vitro true dry matter digestibility, digestibility of cell wall and percentages of cell content, nitrogen, water‐soluble carbohydrate and lignin were determined. Green leaflets of all three species were consistently high in digestibility. The cell wall fraction of green leaflets was less digestible in red clover than in white clover and lucerne. The digestibility of the upper part of the stem of lucerne and red clover was high at the flower bud stage but declined considerably thereafter, whereas the digestibility of the lower part of the stem was much lower at the flower bud stage and declined relatively little. The green leaf stalks and inflorescences were generally rather less digestible than green leaflets and, in lucerne and red clover, more digestible than stems. In white clover the inflorescence stalks were less digestible than the leaf stalks. The digestibility of plant parts was strongly correlated with the proportion of cell content, and less strongly with the digestibility of cell wall. The proportion of cell content was positively correlated with N%, and the digestibility of cell wall was negatively correlated with the proportion of lignin in cell wall.
Metabolism of vicine and convicine in rat tissues: Absorption and excretion patterns and sites of hydrolysis
Authors: Hegazy Mohamed Ihab , Marquardt Ronald R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine whether dietary vicine and convicine were absorbed by rat tissue, and to determine their excretion patterns and/or sites of degradation. Orally administered vicine and convicine were excreted in relatively low amounts via the kidney and faeces. However, no vicine or convicine was detected in the blood, liver, kidney or muscle tissue of rats which had been fed these compounds. In‐vitro studies demonstrated that vicine and convicine were not hydrolysed in liver, kidney, muscle, caecal wall or intestinal wall homogenates. In contrast, digesta samples from the large intestine and caeca were able to rapidly hydrolyse these compounds, with the concomitant formation of new compounds. Digesta from the stomach and small intestine promoted the slow hydrolysis of these compounds, as did fresh faecal samples. These results would suggest that vicine and convicine are absorbed by the rat in only limited amounts, are not hydrolysed by rat tissues, and are rapidly cleared from tissue via the kidney. The bulk of the dietary vicine and convicine are hydrolysed in the large intestine and caecum.
Redistribution of minerals in apple fruit during storage. Preliminary investigations with the variety spartan
Authors: Perring Michael A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractConcentration gradients of dry matter, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium across median transverse slices were measured on a fresh matter basis at intervals during the storage of Spartan apples in either air or 2% oxygen (<1% carbon dioxide) at 1°C. Proportions of calcium declined in the core and increased, during the first 4 months of storage, in the cortex where calcium rapidly became less extractable with 75% ethanol. Proportions of potassium increased in the inner cortex while those of phosphorus increased in the inner cortex and, during the first 2 months of storage, in the core. Proportions of magnesium declined steadily in the peel and outer cortex with corresponding increases towards the fruit centre. These changes were mainly independent of storage conditions and differences in dry matter concentrations. Calcium and magnesium moved to the core region when core browning developed, especially in the air‐stored samples, towards the end of the storage period.
The effects of molasses on the fermentation of chopped whole‐plant leucaena
Authors: Alli Inteaz , Fairbairn Robert , Noroozi Ebrahim , Baker Bruce E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe incorporation of molasses (22.5 and 45.0 kg t−1, fresh wt basis) with chopped whole‐plant leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) at the time of ensiling, increased the rate of fermentation as compared to the control (no molasses). The silage (leucaenalage) prepared with molasses had a lower pH, higher residual water‐soluble carbohydrates, greater quantities of acetic and lactic acid and lower levels of volatile nitrogen, non‐protein nitrogen and free amino acids than did the leucaenalage containing no molasses. The extent of these changes increased as the level of the molasses was increased.
A study of the migration of externally applied sucrose esters of fatty acids through the skins of banana, apple and pear fruits
Authors: Bhardwaj C. Lal , Jones Haydn F. , Smith Ian H. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract[14C]‐Labelled sucrose esters of fatty acids were prepared and included in a fruit coating which retarded ripening. The esters remained substantially intact on the surfaces of bananas, apples and pears during storage at 17 or 18°C for up to at least 30 days. The amounts of sucrose esters in the coatings applied to the surfaces of fruits were 250 mg m−2 for the banana, 681 mg m−2 for Cox's Orange Pippin apple, 617 mg m−2 for Conference pear and 362 mg m−2 for Comice pear. Analysis for radioactivity in the pulpy tissue of coated fruits stored for up to 41 days showed a low concentration of migrated label, which was difficult to distinguish from background. It was concluded that the concentrations of sucrose esters in the pulpy tissue were not more than 10 ng g−1 for banana, 350 ng g−1 for apple, 300 ng g−1 for Conference pear and 70 ng g−1 for Comice pear, and that the mode of action of sucrose esters in the retardation of ripening seems unlikely to be dependent upon their migration into the pulpy tissue.
Determination of methionine by gas–liquid chromatography: Methods for the elimination of an interfering component present in some fish meals
Authors: Duncan Alexander , Ellinger Gabrielle M. , Glennie Robert T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntact methionine residues in food proteins, including a limited number offish meals, have been determined using gas chromatography to measure methyl thiocyanate released after CNBr reaction. However, methionine values for certain fish products determined by that method have been found to be low and variable compared with those determined by ion‐exchange chromatography after performic acid oxidation. This was traced to the presence of a component of many fish meals that, when reacted with CNBr, gave a product which co‐eluted with the internal standard, ethyl thiocyanate. A method was developed to eliminate this interference and allow methionine determinations to be carried out using the same gas chromatographic procedure.
Nutritive value of a mixture of tigernut tubers (Cyperus esculentus L.) and baobab seeds (Adansonia digitata L.)
Authors: Addy Emmanuel O. , Eteshola Edward 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe seeds of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) and the tubers of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) were analysed chemically for their proximate composition and amino acids. The tubers contained 47.9% digestible carbohydrates, 32.8% oil and 3.8% crude protein. The baobab seeds contained 24.1% digestible carbohydrate, 29.7% oil and 28.4% crude protein. A mixture of the vegetables was prepared from three parts of the tigernuts and one part of baobab seeds, by weight, such that a 10% crude protein meal was obtained. The chemical score of the mixed vegetable was 51%, based on limiting amino acids, i.e. those which contain sulphur. The level of antinutritive substances, such as tannin and tryptic inhibitors, in the raw vegetables were reduced by soaking or boiling.
Chemovarieties of Coridothymus capitatus L. Rchb. Growing in Israel
Authors: Fleisher Alexander , Fleisher Zhenia , Abu‐Rukun Salman 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWild populations of Coridothymus capitatus growing in Israel and West Bank of Jordan river were found to consist of at least three chemically distinct varieties, differing in the composition of the phenol fraction of the essential oil. These are thymol‐containing, carvacrol‐containing or contain thymol and carvacrol in the ratio of approximately 1:2. The thymol‐containing variety is abundant, while the carvacrol‐containing variety is very rare. The C. capitatus chemovarieties probably only exist in the area studied, because this plant has been extensively studied and is known to contain carvacrol as a main component of its essential oil and is considered to be the most chemically stable species of the genus Thymus. The results of this study led to the conclusion that Origanum oil produced in mandated Palestine during the 1930s and 1940s was distilled not from Coridothymus capitatus, but from Majorana syriaca. The former producer has confirmed this opinion.
Studies into the occurrence of some trichothecene mycotoxins in UK home‐grown wheat and in imported wheat
Authors: Osborne Brian G. , Willis Kenneth H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA total of 199 UK home‐grown wheat samples collected over three harvests (1980–82 inclusive) and 33 imported wheat samples were analysed for the presence of seven trichothecene mycotoxins (nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, fusarenon‐x, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol, HT‐2 toxin and T‐2 toxin). Analysis was performed by a gas–liquid chromatographic method and positive results greater than 0.1 mg kg−1 were confirmed by mass spectrometry. The only mycotoxin detected in any of the samples was deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) which occurred in 32 out of 199 UK home‐grown wheats at levels ranging from 0.02 to 0.40 mg kg−1 and 23 out of 33 imported wheats at levels ranging from 0.02 to 1.32 mg kg−1. Microbiological evidence suggests that the lower incidence and levels of deoxynivalenol in UK, other EEC and Western Canadian wheat compared with Eastern Canadian and Midwest US wheat may be caused by a geographical variation in the distribution of Fusarium species.
The conditioning of wheat. Moisture migration between the components of a mixed grist, and its effect on milling performance
Authors: Hook Simon C. W. , Bone Geoffrey T. , Fearn Thomas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCanadian and UK wheats have been conditioned separately to different moisture levels, then blended and held for varying periods before milling. A progressive and substantial moisture migration between the components of the blend was observed, but the extent of such migration had a negligible effect on milling performance. This is interpreted with reference to earlier work on the conditioning of the individual wheat types.
Effect of a calcium peroxide seed coating on the establishment and yield of winter wheat sown by direct drilling in the presence of straw residues
Authors: Christian Dudley G. , Miller Deborah P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeed coated with a formulation containing calcium peroxide slightly improved establishment and yield of winter wheat direct‐drilled in the presence of straw residues compared with wheat seed coated with a commercial fungicide/pesticide. There was no benefit in the presence of stubble or after burning. Even with the peroxide coating the yield of the crop direct‐drilled into chopped straw was 33% less than where the residues had been burnt.
The influence of dietary fibre sources on growth, feed efficiency and digestibilities of dry matter and protein in rats
Authors: Mitaru Barnabas N. , Blair Robert 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHulls from Tower canola (TCH), Regent canola (RCH) and soya beans (SBH) were included at 10 or 20% in soya bean meal based diets for rats, to compare the effects of these fibre sources on growth, feed consumption, feed efficiency and dry matter and protein digestibilities. A soya bean meal based control diet and another diet containing a purified fibre source (Alphafloc) at a 10% level, were included for a further comparison. Each of the diets was fed to six rats in a 4‐week feeding trial. The diets gave similar weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency values. The control diet had the highest mean coefficient of dry matter digestibility (80.8%) and the 20% SBH and Alphafloc diets had the lowest (72.4 and 72.2%). The canola hull and 10% SBH and Alphafloc diets had intermediate values (73.2–75.0%). There was a highly significant negative correlation between the dietary fibre content and the dry matter digestibility of the diets. The control and Alphafloc diets showed the highest and similar apparent (81.4 and 79.9%) and true (86.8 and 85.3%) digestibility values for dietary protein. The 20% canola and soya bean hull diets showed the lowest apparent (71.4–73.7%) and true (76.9–79.4%) digestibility coefficients. The 10% canola and soya bean hull diets had intermediate apparent and true protein digestibility values (73.2‐75.3 and 78.4–80.6%, respectively). The chemical analysis of the fibre sources showed that Alphafloc had the highest cellulose content (88%) and the lowest lignin content (0.6%), while canola hulls had the lowest cellulose content (25.4–28.4%) and the highest lignin content (26.6–28.9%). Soya bean hulls had intermediate cellulose (50%) and low lignin (1.3%) contents. The results suggest that cellulose did not have a detrimental effect on the dietary protein digestibility but lignin and/or some other undetermined factors in the hulls had an adverse effect on protein digestibility.
A comparison of four methods of analysing aqueous soil extracts for sulphate
Authors: Mc M. Adams Trevor , Lane Peter W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFour methods of measuring sulphate content were tested on aqueous KH2PO4 extracts from 24 soils, representing a wide range of soil types within Northern Ireland. The methods compared were (i) reduction to hydrogen sulphide (Johnson–Nishita); (ii) loss of barium from solution following barium sulphate precipitation; (iii) turbidimetric measurement of suspended barium sulphate; and (iv) measurement of residual 2‐aminoperimidine by spectrophotometry following precipitation of 2‐aminoperimidine sulphate. The barium loss method was about as precise and accurate as the hydrogen sulphide method, but did not measure the organic sulphur compounds extracted and so tended to give lower values than the hydrogen sulphide method. However, both these methods seemed to be satisfactory. The other two methods were much less precise and, on average, the turbidimetric method overestimated the amount of sulphate.
Rapeseed meal and egg taint: Effects of low glucosinolate Brassica napus meal, dehulled meal and hulls, and of neomycin
Authors: Roger Fenwick G. , Curl Caralyn L. , Butler Edward J. , Greenwood Neil M. , Pearson Arthur W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhole meals prepared from four cultivars (Tower, ‘French’ (unknown cultivar from France), Duo and Tandem) contained sufficient progoitrin and soluble tannins to impair trimethylamine (TMA) oxidation, and thereby allow the TMA content of eggs to rise above the tainting threshold, when they were fed as protein supplements (100 g kg−1) to hens which had been bred for low TMA oxidase activity. Hulls from Tower and ‘French’ seed produced small, but detectable, effects and since the potencies of dehulled and whole meals were similar, it was established that the hulls make only a very minor contribution to the tainting potential. Although the addition of neomycin to the drinking water when the Tandem whole meal was fed appeared to diminish its effects to a certain extent, it had little value as a prophylactic measure. It was concluded that these meals could produce widespread tainting if used commercially in the UK, and that the removal from the laying hens of the genetic defect which restricts the synthesis of TMA oxidase and thereby confers susceptibility is the only effective way of eliminating the problem.
Effect of sample size on the micro‐malting of barley
Authors: Henry Robert J. , McLean Bruce T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSteep moisture, malt moisture, malt yield, malt extract and extract yield were determined when barley samples in the range 5–100 g were subjected to the same malting procedure. Smaller samples took up more water during steeping, and produced malts with a higher moisture content. This led to a lower malt yield and a higher malt extract and extract yield for small samples. The malt moisture, malt extract and extract yield determinations on 5 g samples were of similar precision to those on 100 g samples, while the steep moisture and malt yield were more variable with the small sample.
Detection and partial characterisation of soluble proteins of beef muscle by immunoelectrophoresis in agarose gels
Authors: Casas Carmen , Tormo José , Hernández Pablo E. , Sanz Bernabé 
Published: October 2006

AbstractImmunoelectrophoresis in agarose gels has been used to detect and partially characterise specific protein precipitin bands of beef proteins (CSP), free of cross‐reactions with proteins of pig (PSP) and horse (HSP). Out of the six precipitin bands obtained by reacting CSP's against an anti‐CSP antiserum produced by a rabbit, only one band was produced by interaction of the anti‐CSP antiserum with PSP and HSP. The other five bands were specific beef muscle soluble proteins. This technique may be useful in detecting the presence of beef in unheated ground meat products.
Constituents of the essential oil of Bothriochloa bladhi (Retz.) S. T. Blake
Authors: Melkani Anand B. , Mathela C. S. , Dev Vasu 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBothriochloa bladhi (Retz.) S. T. Blake, an aromatic fodder grass in the Himalayan region yielded 0.2% essential oil. Thirteen monoterpenoids and 14 sesquiterpenoids were identified in the oil, with sesquiterpenoids being the major constituents of the oil. The composition of this oil differs from reports on the essential oils from other Bothriochloa species with respect to major constituents, especially in the absence of acorenone‐B.
The distribution of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in Cox's Orange Pippin and Spartan apple fruit
Authors: Perring Michael A. , Pearson Keith 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTransverse concentration gradients differed between Cox and Spartan apples: Spartan apples had higher proportions of calcium and phosphorus in the core, and Cox apples had higher proportions of phosphorus in the inner cortex. Differences in magnesium gradients varied with year. Fruit variety had little effect on longitudinal gradients.
The Kinetics and mechanism of caffeine infusion from coffee: Hydrodynamic aspects
Authors: Spiro Michael , Page Caroline M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHydrodynamic flow conditions were controlled by means of large horizontal rotating discs. These were coated with ground and sieved Kenyan Arabica coffee, and rotated at various speeds in distilled water at 25°C. The rate of extraction of caffeine was measured in each experiment. At a constant rotation speed, the first order rate constant rose steeply with decreasing size of coffee particle and was found to be inversely proportional to the square of the particle radius. For a given particle size, however, the rate constants were independent of the rotation speed. These two findings show that the rate‐determining step for extraction from coffee‐coated discs was the diffusion of caffeine through the bean particle and not its diffusion through the Nernst layer. The same mechanistic conclusion can be drawn for stirred coffee suspensions by applying the hydrodynamics of turbulent flow.
Proteins and trypsin inhibitor activity of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub) seed
Authors: Kaur Perminder , Bhatia Iqbal S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractProteins soluble in tris‐acetate buffer (pH9.0) were fractionated by DEAE‐cellulose, DEAE‐Sephadex A‐50 and Sephadex G‐200 column chromatography. The purified proteins which contained 5–6% carbohydrate, had molecular weights of 125 900 and 22 390 amu. The high molecular weight fraction was homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins extracted in phosphate buffer (0.1M, pH7.6) when subjected to Sephadex G‐200 gel chromatography were resolved into three fractions, all of which showed considerable trypsin inhibitor activity. Germination for 3 days reduced the trypsin inhibitor activity of the seed by about 30%.
Variation in nutrient composition of Australian retail potatoes over a 12‐month period
Authors: Wills Ron B. H. , Lim Jessie S. K. , Greenfield Heather 
Published: October 2006

Abstract‘Pontiac’, ‘Sebago’ and potatoes marketed under the general name of New potatoes were purchased from retail outlets in Sydney, Australia every 2 weeks over a 12‐month period during 1982–83 to determine the change in composition over a season. Data are presented for water, vitamin C, starch, sugars (fructose, glucose and sucrose), dietary fibre, protein, fat, organic acids (malic, citric and oxalic acids), ash, carotenes, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc levels, edible weight and energy content. The level of vitamin C varied throughout the year from 10 to 23 mg 100 g−1 for ‘Pontiac’, 14 to 29 mg 100 g−1 for ‘Sebago’ and 16 to 32 mg 100 g−1 for New potatoes with the lowest values occurring in August to September (late winter to early spring) and the highest values in December to January (mid summer). Substantial variations also occurred in the water content, which was higher, and the level of starch and hence energy content, which was lower, during the cooler months of the year. Smaller changes were noted for niacin and thiamin which were lower and sugars which were higher during the winter period.
Determination of protein in pea flour by near infrared analysis
Authors: Davies Anthony M. C. , Wright David J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEquations were derived for predicting crude protein content (total nitrogen × 6.25 or Kjeldahl nitrogen × 6.25) of pea varieties from near infrared data measured on a filter instrument (Technicon Infra Analyzer 400). The accuracy of the predictions were tested against different data sets and found to be better than ±1.5% (P=0.95), and adequate for use in a plant breeding programme.
The effect of withering on fermentation of tea leaf and development of liquor characters of black teas
Authors: Ullah Mohammed R. , Gogoi Nogen , Baruah Deepika 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDepression in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity during the withering of tea leaf (Camellia sinensis) in black tea manufacture affected the oxidative‐condensation of tea flavanols in forming theaflavins (TF) and thearubigins (TR), which are associated with brightness, briskness and ‘body’ of tea liquors. In contrast to conventionally manufactured CTC teas, unwithered fresh leaf CTC produces a higher proportion of TF and lower TR, resulting in bright, brisk and thin liquors. Hardness of wither was accompanied by a further depression in PPO activity, and formation of TF also declined with a concomitant loss in brightness and briskness. The TR content increased up to a certain degree of wither and thereby improved the ‘body’ of the liquor. Very hard wither, accompanied by a large reduction in moisture content, restricts PPO activity. It appears that in the fresh leaf, high moisture levels together with dissolved oxygen accelerate the enzymic oxidation and produce large amounts of TF. Senescence of the leaf seems to facilitate the production of TR.