bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybridization and introgression in a mixed population of the intertidal seaweedsFucus evanescensandF. serratus
Authors: COYER J. A. , HOARAU G. , STAM W. T. , OLSEN J. L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe introducedFucus evanescens(hermaphroditic) and the nativeF. serratus(dioecious) have been in secondary contact along the Danish coast of the Kattegat Sea for 60–100 years and dioecious hybrids have been observed at Blushøj for several years. Hybridization inFucusis unusual because it appears to always involve a hermaphroditic and a dioecious parental pair. We determined the degree and spatial patterns of introgression for 286 individuals using 10 microsatellite loci and cpDNA. Hybrids accounted for nearly 13% of the population, yet parental species were well differentiated (FST = 0.633). The presence ofF. evanescenschloroplasts in 100% of F1hybrids revealed asymmetrical hybridization.Fucus evanescenscpDNA was observed in 50% of introgressed and 5.4% of pureF. serratus, but noF. serratuscpDNA was found inF. evanescens. In contrast, nuclear DNA introgression was symmetrical with an equal amount (≈1.5%) of genes introgressed into each parental species. Survivorship and viability data suggest selection against hybrids in the hybrid zone.
Maternal and paternal condition effects on offspring phenotype inTelostylinus angusticollis(Diptera: Neriidae)
Authors: BONDURIANSKY R. , HEAD M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIt is widely recognized that maternal phenotype can have important effects on offspring, but paternal phenotype is generally assumed to have no influence in animals lacking paternal care. Nonetheless, selection may favour the transfer of environmentally acquired condition to offspring from both parents. Using a split‐brood, cross‐generational laboratory design, we manipulated a key environmental determinant of condition – larval diet quality – of parents and their offspring in the flyTelostylinus angusticollis, in which there is no evidence of paternal provisioning. Parental diet did not affect offspring survival, but high‐condition mothers produced larger eggs, and their offspring developed more rapidly when on a poor larval diet. Maternal condition had no effect on adult body size of offspring. By contrast, large, high‐condition fathers produced larger offspring, and follow‐up assays showed that this paternal effect can be sufficient to increase mating success of male offspring and fecundity of female offspring. Our findings suggest that both mothers and fathers transfer their condition to offspring, but with effects on different offspring traits. Moreover, our results suggest that paternal effects can be important even in species lacking conventional forms of paternal care. In such species, the transfer of paternal condition to offspring could contribute to indirect selection on female mate preferences.
Diphtheroid Necrotic Laryngitis in Three Calves – Diagnostic Procedure, Therapy and Post‐operative Development
Authors: Heppelmann M. , Rehage J. , Starke A. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryDiphtheroid necrotic inflammation of the larynx in calves in its advanced stage mostly requires surgical therapy. Diagnostic procedure, surgery and post‐operative care were described for three calves (aged 3–8 weeks). The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by laryngoscopy. In all three cases, a laryngotomy with resection of necrotic tissue was performed. After surgery two calves showed complications (tracheal stricture, mucosal hyperplasia). Both were cured in further surgery. In cases of post‐operative complications, further surgical intervention can be very promising.
Valvular Cardiac Myxoma in a Dog
Authors: Akkoc A. , Ozyigit M. O. , Cangul I. T. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryPrimary and secondary cardiac tumours are extremely rare in humans and domestic animals. This case describes the gross, light microscopical and immunohistochemical examination of a cardiac myxoma arising from the tricuspid valve in a 13‐year‐old female terrier dog. Clinically, long‐term respiratory distress, progressive ascites, fatigue and exercise intolerance were observed in the animal. At necropsy, the right ventricular chamber was mildly dilated and a soft, whitish mass, 0.7 × 1.5 × 2.1 cm in size was observed arising from the ventricular surface of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve of the heart. Histologically, the mass was composed of a faintly eosinophilic myxoid matrix and spindle shaped fibroblast‐like cells with elongated nuclei and stellate cells. The extracellular matrix was stained with periodic acid Schiff and alcian blue and the tumour cells were reactive with anti‐vimentin and anti‐alpha‐sarcomeric actin antibodies. The authors believe that this is the first detailed description of a myxoma in this breed.
Interleukin‐6 and Tumour Necrosis Factor in Synovial Fluid from Horses with Carpal Joint Pathology
Authors: Ley C. , Ekman S. , Elmén A. , Nilsson G. , Eloranta M.‐L. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe carpal joints are common sites of traumatic arthritis and osteoarthritis (OA) in athletic horses. The pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) may be of great importance in the development of intra‐articular lesions. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible associations between synovial fluid levels of bioactive IL‐6 and TNF and different types of joint lesions seen in traumatic arthritis and OA. Synovial fluid was collected from horses with carpal lameness immediately before arthroscopic surgery. Articular cartilage, synovial membranes and intra‐articular ligaments were assessed macroscopically at arthroscopy. Synovial fluid levels of IL‐6 and TNF were determined by bioassays, and the cytokine levels between different grades of morphologic changes in each type of assessed tissue were compared. The highest levels of IL‐6 were detected in joints with chip fractures. All joints with chip fractures also showed some degree of synovitis. Tumour necrosis factor bioactivity was low and not associated with any joint lesion. Hence, TNF is not useful as a biomarker indicating a specific joint lesion in equine traumatic arthritis or OA. We conclude that a dramatic increase of IL‐6 in synovial fluid indicates the presence of osteochondral fragmentation, although low or undetectable levels of IL‐6 do not exclude chip fractures. The role of IL‐6 in the disease process of osteochondral fragmentation needs further investigation.
Beneficial effect of neutrophil elastase inhibitor on anti‐Thy1.1 nephritis in rats
Authors: KUMASAKA RYUICHIRO , NAKAMURA NORIO , FUJITA TAKESHI , MURAKAMI REIICHI , SHIMADA MICHIKO , OSAWA HIROSHI , YAMABE HIDEAKI , OKUMURA KEN 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARY:Background:  Neutrophil elastase, one of the proteinases released by neutrophils, plays an important role at the sites of inflammation and was reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. Sivelestat is a selective neutrophil elastase inhibitor used for acute lung injury associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. There have been few reports on the effects of sivelestat on renal disease.Methods:  In male Wistar rats, anti‐Thy1.1 nephritis was induced by the injection of anti‐Thy1.1 antibody. The rats were divided into four groups: nephritic rats treated with low‐ (group A) and high‐dose sivelestat (group B), those not treated with sivelestat (group C) and control rats (group D). Urine samples were obtained every day during the experiment. The rats were killed on day 6 in order to obtain the blood plasma and kidneys. Measurement of urine protein levels, blood biochemical values and histological examination of the kidneys were carried out.Results:  Increased levels of proteinuria were observed in the nephritic rats (groups A, B and C) compared with group D. The proteinuria level was significantly suppressed by sivelestat in groups A and B in a dose‐dependent fashion compared with group C. The light microscopy revealed an increased glomerular cell count in group C, which was significantly suppressed in group B. In the electron microscopic study, sivelestat suppressed the fusion of epithelial foot process, especially in group B.Conclusion:  Neutrophil elastase is suggested to be involved in the development of anti‐Thy1.1 nephritis, and the neutrophil elastase inhibitor sivelestat reduces the tissue injury of anti‐Thy1.1 nephritis in rats.
Pedagogy, power and practice ethics: clinical teaching in psychiatric/mental health settings
Authors: Ewashen Carol , Lane Annette 
Published: August 2007

Pedagogy, power and practice ethics: clinical teaching in psychiatric/mental health settings Often, baccalaureate nursing students initially approach a psychiatric mental health practicum with uncertainty, and even fear. They may feel unprepared for the myriad complex practice situations encountered. In addition, memories of personal painful life events may be vicariously evoked through learning about and listening to the experiences of those diagnosed with mental disorders. When faced with such challenging situations, nursing students often seek counsel from the clinical and/or classroom faculty. Pedagogic boundaries may begin to blur in the face of student distress. For the nurse educator, several questions arise: Should a nurse educator provide counseling to students? How does one best negotiate the boundaries between ‘counselor’, and ‘caring educator’? What are the limits of a caring and professional pedagogic relation? What different knowledges provide guidance and to what differential consequences for ethical pedagogic relationships? This paper offers a comparative analysis of three philosophical stances to examine differences in key assumptions, pedagogic positioning, relationships of power/knowledge, and consequences for professional ethical pedagogic practices. While definitive answers are difficult, the authors pose several questions for consideration in discerning how best to proceed and under what particular conditions.
Experience of retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy in 195 patients with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Lin Yi , Li Liming , Zhu Jun , Qiang Wanming , Makiyama Kazuhide , Kubota Yoshinobu 
Published: August 2007

Objectives:  Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become an effective option for aldosteronoma. We evaluated the retroperitoneal approach with regard to safety, efficacy, invasiveness and cost‐benefit ratio in patients with primary aldosteronism.Methods:  Between July 1999 and June 2005, we carried out a total of 195 retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomies (RA) in one hospital, including 108 on the left and 87 on the right, in 78 men and 113 women aged 20–78 years (mean age 48.2 years) with aldosteronoma. Average adrenal tumor size was 16 mm (range 10–32 mm). The 195 operations were divided into 10 groups of 20 operations each, and the mean duration and estimated blood loss for each group were compared.Results:  The mean operating time and intraoperative blood loss in RA were 93.2 ± 37.4 (45–210) min and 68.5 ± 53.2 (5–210) mL, respectively. Compared to group 1 (cases 1–20), a statistically significant decrease in operative time and estimated blood loss were seen in and after group 4 (≥ case 61, 94.5 ± 30.3 vs 139.2 ± 44.7 min, P < 0.01), and in and after group 5 (≥ case 81, 67.5 ± 50.5 vs 120.5 ± 60.9 mL, P < 0.01), respectively. No differences were found in duration of surgery and estimated blood loss between left and right sided tumors (P > 0.05). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.5 ± 1.2 days. Postoperative complications, including hematoma and wound infection, occurred in 4.1% of patients.Conclusions:  Retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy for aldosteronoma is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive approach with an advantageous cost‐benefit ratio. With accumulated experience, it can expedite the learning curve for RA.
Recovery of two independent sweet taste systems during regeneration of the mouse chorda tympani nerve after nerve crush
Authors: Yasumatsu Keiko , Kusuhara Yoko , Shigemura Noriatsu , Ninomiya Yuzo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn rodents, section of the taste nerve results in degeneration of the taste buds. Following regeneration of the cut taste nerve, however, the taste buds reappear. This phenomenon can be used to study the functional reformation of the peripheral neural system responsible for sweet taste. In this study we examined the recovery of sweet responses by the chorda tympani (CT) nerve after nerve crush as well as inhibition of these responses by gurmarin (Gur), a sweet response inhibitor. After about 2 weeks of CT nerve regeneration, no significant response to any taste stimuli could be observed. At 3 weeks, responses to sweet stimuli reappeared but were not significantly inhibited by Gur. At 4 weeks, Gur inhibition of sweet responses reached statistically significant levels. Thus, the Gur‐sensitive (GS) component of the sweet response reappeared about 1 week later than the Gur‐insensitive (GI) component. Moreover, single CT fibers responsive to sucrose could be classified into distinct GS and GI groups at 4 weeks. After 5 weeks or more, responses to sweet compounds before and after treatment with Gur became indistinguishable from responses in the intact group. During regeneration, the GS and GI components of the sucrose response could be distinguished based on their concentration‐dependent responses to sucrose. These results suggest that mice have two different sweet‐reception systems, distinguishable by their sensitivity to Gur (the GS and GI systems). These two sweet‐reception systems may be reconstituted independently during regeneration of the mouse CT nerve.
4‐Chloro‐m‐cresol, an activator of ryanodine receptors, inhibits voltage‐gated K+ channels at the rat calyx of Held
Authors: Suzuki Daisuke , Hori Tetsuya , Saitoh Naoto , Takahashi Tomoyuki 
Published: August 2007

Abstract4‐Chloro‐m‐cresol (4‐CmC) is thought to be a specific activator of ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Using this compound, we examined whether the RyR‐mediated Ca2+ release is involved in transmitter release at the rat calyx of Held synapse in brainstem slices. Bath application of 4‐CmC caused a dramatic increase in the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents (TIFCs) with the half‐maximal effective concentration of 0.12 mm. By making direct patch‐clamp whole‐cell recordings from presynaptic terminals, we investigated the mechanism by which 4‐CmC facilitates transmitter release. 4‐CmC markedly prolonged the duration of action potentials, with little effect on their rise time kinetics. In voltage‐clamp recordings, 4‐CmC inhibited voltage‐gated presynaptic K+ currents (IpK) by 53% (at +20 mV) but had no effect on voltage‐gated presynaptic Ca2+ currents (IpCa). In simultaneous pre‐ and postsynaptic recordings, 4‐CmC had no effect on the TIFC evoked by IpCa. Although immunocytochemical study of the calyceal terminals showed immunoreactivity to type 3 RyRs, ryanodine (0.02 mm) had no effect on the 4‐CmC‐induced TIFC potentiation. We conclude that the facilitatory effect of 4‐CmC on nerve‐evoked transmitter release is mediated by its inhibitory effect on IpK.
Nitric oxide regulates growth cone filopodial dynamics via ryanodine receptor‐mediated calcium release
Authors: Welshhans Kristy , Rehder Vincent 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous intercellular messenger involved in numerous processes during development, including wiring of the nervous system. Neuronal growth cones are responsible for establishing the correct connectivity in the nervous system, but how NO might affect neuronal pathfinding is not fully understood. We have demonstrated in a previous study that local application of a NO donor, NOC‐7, via micropipette onto individual growth cones from Helisoma trivolvis B5 neurons results in an increase in filopodial length, a decrease in filopodial number and an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Moreover, these NO‐induced effects were demonstrated to be mediated via an intracellular cascade involving soluble guanylyl cyclase, protein kinase G (PKG) and cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR). We now demonstrate that the increase in the [Ca2+]i that results from local NO application is mediated via release from ryanodine receptor (RyR)‐sensitive intracellular stores. We also show that PKG and RyRs are localized within growth cones and microinjection of cADPR mimics the effects of NO, providing further support that the NO‐induced effects are mediated via cADPR. Lastly, we provide evidence that calcium influx across the plasma membrane is a necessary component of the NO‐induced calcium increase; however, this calcium influx is secondary to the RyR‐induced calcium release from intracellular stores. This study details a signalling pathway by which NO can cause changes in growth cone morphology and thus provides a mechanism by which NO could affect neuronal wiring by acting locally on individual growth cones during the pathfinding process.
Effect of integrated pest management practices on tomato production and conservation of natural enemies
Authors: Picanço M. C. , Bacci L. , Crespo A. L. B. , Miranda M. M. M. , Martins Júlio C. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract1 The present study used a crop life table to determine the critical components of production and the key factors of loss in tomato, and three treatments to identify the integrated pest management (IPM) benefits on the reduction of yield losses and the conservation of natural enemies.2 The relative IPM benefits were compared using calendar‐based pesticide applications, IPM and control (no pesticide). A total of 1248 tomato plants were allotted to treatments with four replicates of 104 plants, each in a random block design. The densities of vectors, leaf miners, fruit borers, predators and parasitoids were compared.3 Fruit was the critical component of production, experiencing the greatest losses, followed by flower and plant in the vegetative phase. The key causes of loss of production were tospoviruses, Erwinia carotovora, Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans, Neoleucinodes elegantalis and blossom‐end rot.4 No significant differences in yield were detected between the calendar‐based and IPM systems. In the control, the yield was lower than the yield in treatments with pesticides due to losses from fungal diseases and viruses. IPM more efficiently controlled pests than the calendar‐system, reducing the number of parathion‐methyl and abamectin applications by 3.8‐ and 2.9‐fold, respectively. IPM treatment significantly reduced the impact of pesticides on natural enemies.5 Tomato yield was more affected by biotic and abiotic factors during the reproductive stage. Because fruit was the production component most susceptible to loss, cultivation and IPM programmess should prioritize practices to reduce loss of this component.
Anaerobic degradation of benzene by a marine sulfate‐reducing enrichment culture, and cell hybridization of the dominant phylotype
Authors: Musat Florin , Widdel Friedrich 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe anaerobic biodegradation of benzene, a common constituent of petroleum and one of the least reactive aromatic hydrocarbons, is insufficiently understood with respect to the involved microorganisms and their metabolism. To study these aspects, sulfate‐reducing bacteria were enriched with benzene as sole organic substrate using marine sediment as inoculum. Repeated subcultivation yielded a sediment‐free enrichment culture constituted of mostly oval‐shaped cells and showing benzene‐dependent sulfate reduction and growth under strictly anoxic conditions. Amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from progressively diluted culture samples revealed an abundant phylotype; this was closely related to a clade of Deltaproteobacteria that includes sulfate‐reducing bacteria able to degrade naphthalene or other aromatic hydrocarbons. Cell hybridization with two specifically designed 16S rRNA‐targeted fluorescent oligonucleotide probes showed that the retrieved phylotype accounted for more than 85% of the cells detectable via DAPI staining (general cell staining) in the enrichment culture. The result suggests that the detected dominant phylotype is the ‘candidate species’ responsible for the anaerobic degradation of benzene. Quantitative growth experiments revealed complete oxidation of benzene with stoichiometric coupling to the reduction of sulfate to sulfide. Suspensions of benzene‐grown cells did not show metabolic activity towards phenol or toluene. This observation suggests that benzene degradation by the enriched sulfate‐reducing bacteria does not proceed via anaerobic hydroxylation (mediated through dehydrogenation) to free phenol or methylation to toluene, respectively, which are formerly proposed alternative mechanisms for benzene activation.
Laparoscopic emergency and elective surgery for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Fowkes L. , Krishna K. , Menon A. , Greenslade G. L. , Dixon A. R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective  To analyse surgical outcomes of fulminate and medically resistant ulcerative colitis (UC) carried out laparoscopically.Method  A prospective database identified 69 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for UC under the senior author over a 5‐year period to April 2006.Results  Thirty‐two patients (18 male patients), median BMI 26, underwent laparoscopic subtotal colectomy (LSTC): 22 acute emergencies, 10 refractory to medical therapy and unfit for restorative proctocolectomy. All were receiving iv steroids; azathioprine (7), cyclosporin (5). The median operation time was 135 min (65–280). There was one conversion. Twenty‐nine patients have subsequently undergone completion proctectomy and W‐pouch formation [24 patients were performed laparoscopically – laparoscopic completion proctectomy (LCP)]; widespread adhesions precluded in five patients. Twenty‐six patients underwent restorative laparoscopic proctocolectomy (LRP) – one conversion. Twenty patients underwent W‐pouch reconstruction via a Pfannenstiel incision. Six J‐pouches were constructed and returned via the ileostomy site. Three underwent a laparoscopic pan‐proctocolectomy (LPPC); one conversion. Eight patients underwent open STC. The median time to normal diet was 48 h (1–7 days) for LSTC/LCP and 36 h (1–5 days) for LRP. There were two major complications following LRP, two following LSTC, one following LCP, one following LPPC and five following open surgery. Median hospital stay was 8 days (6–72) for LSTC, 7 days (6–9) for LCP and 5 days (3–45) for LRP. There were six 30‐day readmissions following laparoscopic surgery (DVT, reactive depression, ileostomy hold up (2), abdominal pain and high output ileostomy).Conclusion  Laparoscopic subtotal and restorative proctocolectomies in fulminate and medically resistant UC are feasible, safe and largely predictable operations that allow for early hospital discharge. Laparoscopic colectomy facilitates subsequent proctectomy and pouch construction.