bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification and partial characterization of canine neutrophil elastase and the development of an immunoassay for the measurement of canine neutrophil elastase in serum obtained from dogs
Authors: Stoll Anja , Suchodolski Jan S. , Ruaux Craig G. , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To purify neutrophil elastase (NE) from dog blood and develop and validate an ELISA for the measurement of canine NE (cNE) in canine serum as a marker for gastrointestinal tract inflammation.
Sample Population—Neutrophils from 6 dogs immediately after they were euthanatized and serum from 54 healthy dogs.
Procedures—cNE was purified from blood by use of dextran sedimentation, repeated cycles of freezing-thawing and sonication, cation-exchange chromatography, and continuous elution electrophoresis. Antibodies against cNE were generated in rabbits, and an ELISA was developed and validated by determination of sensitivity, dilutional parallelism, spiking recovery, intra-assay variability, and interassay variability. A reference range was established by assaying serum samples from the 54 healthy dogs and by use of the lower 97.5th percentile.
Results—cNE was successfully purified from blood, and antibodies were successfully generated in rabbits. An ELISA was developed with a sensitivity of 1,100 μg/L. The reference range was established as < 2,239 μg/L. Ratios of observed-to-expected results for dilutional parallelism for 4 serum samples ranged from 85.4% to 123.1%. Accuracy, as determined by spiking recovery, ranged from 27.1% to 114.0%. Coefficient of variation for 4 serum samples was 14.2%, 16.0%, 16.8%, and 13.4%, respectively, for intra-assay variability and 15.4%, 15.0%, 10.5%, and 14.6%, respectively, for interassay variability.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The purification protocol used here resulted in rapid and reproducible purification of cNE with a high yield. The novel ELISA yielded linear results and was accurate and precise. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of this assay.
Role of the MAPKERK pathway in regulation of cytokine expression by Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis–exposed bovine monocytes
Authors: Souza Cleverson D. , Evanson Oral A. , Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPKERK) pathway in the interaction between Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) organisms and bovine monocytes.
Sample Population—Monocytes obtained from healthy adult Holstein dairy cows that were not infected with MAP organisms.
Procedures—Monocytes and MAP organisms were incubated together with or without a specific inhibitor of the MAPKERK pathway (PD98059), and the capacity of monocytes to express tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10 and -12, produce nitric oxide, acidify phagosomes, kill MAP organisms, and undergo apoptosis was evaluated.
Results—The MAPKERK pathway was activated within 10 minutes after addition of MAP organisms to monocytes. Addition of PD98059 to monocyte-MAP mixtures decreased monocyte TNF-α and IL-12 mRNA expression but had no effect on IL-10 mRNA expression. Treatment with PD98059 failed to induce significant alterations in phagosome acidification, organism killing, nitric oxide production, or apoptosis of MAP-exposed monocytes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that the MAPKERK pathway was activated during the interaction of MAP organisms with monocytes, which initiated TNF-α and IL-12 mRNA expression but failed to initiate antimicrobial activity. The MAPKERK pathway may be involved in initiating proinflammatory and proimmune responses in MAP infection in cattle.
Development and psychometric testing of an instrument designed to measure chronic pain in dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Brown Dorothy Cimino , Boston Raymond C. , Coyne James C. , Farrar John T. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To develop and psychometrically test an owner self-administered questionnaire designed to assess severity and impact of chronic pain in dogs with osteoarthritis.
Sample Population—70 owners of dogs with osteoarthritis and 50 owners of clinically normal dogs.
Procedures—Standard methods for the stepwise development and testing of instruments designed to assess subjective states were used. Items were generated through focus groups and an expert panel. Items were tested for readability and ambiguity, and poorly performing items were removed. The reduced set of items was subjected to factor analysis, reliability testing, and validity testing.
Results—Severity of pain and interference with function were 2 factors identified and named on the basis of the items contained in them. Cronbach's α was 0.93 and 0.89, respectively, suggesting that the items in each factor could be assessed as a group to compute factor scores (ie, severity score and interference score). The test-retest analysis revealed κ values of 0.75 for the severity score and 0.81 for the interference score. Scores correlated moderately well (r = 0.51 and 0.50, respectively) with the overall quality-of-life (QOL) question, such that as severity and interference scores increased, QOL decreased. Clinically normal dogs had significantly lower severity and interference scores than dogs with osteoarthritis.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A psychometrically sound instrument was developed. Responsiveness testing must be conducted to determine whether the questionnaire will be useful in reliably obtaining quantifiable assessments from owners regarding the severity and impact of chronic pain and its treatment on dogs with osteoarthritis.
In vitro fluoroquinolone susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from dogs with ulcerative keratitis
Authors: Ledbetter Eric C. , Hendricks Linda M. , Riis Ronald C. , Scarlett Janet M. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the in vitro fluoroquinolone susceptibility profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from dogs with ulcerative keratitis.
Animals—27 dogs with P aeruginosa–associated ulcerative keratitis.
Procedures—P aeruginosa isolates from dogs with ulcerative keratitis were collected during a 3-year period. Isolates were tested by use of the disk diffusion method for their susceptibility to 7 fluoroquinolones that are available as commercial ophthalmic preparations. The antimicrobials included second- (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, and lomefloxacin), third- (levofloxacin), and fourth-generation (gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin) fluoroquinolones. Isolates were designated as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant to the various antimicro-bials. The percentage of susceptible isolates was compared among individual fluoroquinolones and among fluoroquinolone generations.
Results—None of the dogs had received topical or systemic fluoroquinolone treatment prior to referral. Twenty-seven P aeruginosa isolates were collected during the study period. In vitro, bacterial resistance to the tested fluoroquinolones was infrequently identified (24/ 27 isolates were susceptible to all fluoroquinolones evaluated); susceptibility percentages ranged from 88.9% to 100% for individual antimicrobials. There were no significant differ-ences among isolate susceptibilities to the individual antimicrobials or among generations of fluoroquinolones.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of these in vitro data, none of the 7 evaluated fluoroquinolones (individually or collectively by generation) appeared to offer a clinically important advantage in the treatment of P aeruginosa–associated ulcerative keratitis in dogs. Among the P aeruginosa isolates collected from dogs with ulcerative keratitis in this study, the likelihood of susceptibility to the fluoroquinolones evaluated was high.
Respiratory mechanics in sedated and nonsedated adult llamas
Authors: Lascola Kara M. , Hoffman Andrew M. , Mazan Melissa R. , Bedenice Daniela 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To validate the use of noninvasive pulmonary function testing in sedated and nonsedated llamas and establish reference range parameters of respiratory mechanical function.
Animals—10 healthy adult llamas.
Procedures—Pulmonary function testing in llamas included the following: measurement of functional residual capacity (FRC) via helium dilution, respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) to assess breathing pattern and flow limitations, esophageal-balloon pneumotachography, and a monofrequency forced oscillatory technique (FOT; 1 to 7 Hz) before and after IM administration of xylazine (0.2 mg/kg).
Results—The following mean ± SD measurements of respiratory function were obtained in nonsedated llamas: FRC (5.60 ± 1.24 L), tidal volume (1.03 ± 0.3 L), dynamic compliance (0.83 ± 0.4 L/cm H2O), pulmonary resistance (RL; 1.42 ± 0.54 cm H2O/L/s), and respiratory system resistance (2.4 ± 0.9, 2.3 ± 0.7, 2.2 ± 0.6, 2.7 ± 0.7, and 2.5 ± 0.5 cm H2O/L/s at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 Hz, respectively) by use of FOT. Measurements of flow limitations via RIP were comparable to other species. Sedation with xylazine induced significant increases in RL and maximum change in transpulmonary pressure. Following sedation, a mean 127% increase in RL and mean 116% increase in respiratory system resistance were observed across 1 to 7 Hz. The magnitude of change in respiratory system resistance increased with decreasing impulse frequency, suggesting bronchoconstriction.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Noninvasive pulmonary function testing is well tolerated in untrained unsedated llamas. These techniques have clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract disease, although testing should not be performed after sedation with xylazine.
Septic osteitis of the distal phalanx in foals: 22 cases (1995–2002)
Authors: Neil Kirsten M. , Axon Jane E. , Todhunter Paddy G. , Adams Paul L. , Caron John P. , Adkins Angus R. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the clinical characteristics and outcome of foals with septic osteitis of the distal phalanx.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—22 foals.
Procedures—Information obtained from medical records included signalment; clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings; treatment method; and outcome. Foals included in the study had lameness referable to the foot, radiographic evidence of localized lysis or focal loss of bone density of the distal phalanx, and suppurative discharge or necrosis of the affected bone evident at surgery. Foals with a history or evidence of penetrating wounds or subsolar abscessation were excluded.
Results—Mean age of foals at initial evaluation was 40.8 days (range, 3 to 122 days). Twenty-one (95%) foals had lameness as the primary complaint. Lesions consistent with septic osteitis of the distal phalanx localized to specific areas of the bone on the basis of radiographic and surgical findings were located on the solar margin or toe (14/22 [64%]), extensor process (5/22 [23%]), and palmar or plantar process (3/22 [13%]). Hind limbs (18/26 [69%] affected limbs) were more frequently affected. Two foals had > 1 affected limb, 2 had additional sites of osteomyelitis, and 4 had concurrent septic arthritis. Surgical debridement and regional antimicrobial perfusion were performed during general anesthesia. Extensor process lesions were not debrided. Nineteen of 22 (86%) foals survived to be discharged from hospital, and 16 horses reached racing age. Eleven of 16 had race starts, of which 8 had official race starts and 3 had unofficial race starts.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Septic osteitis of the distal phalanx should be considered as a source of lameness in foals with signs referable to the foot and does not necessarily preclude a career in racing. Although infection may occur secondary to bacterial penetration of the hoof or sole, the distal phalanx should also be considered as a potential site for hematogenous septic arthritis or osteomyelitis in foals.
Mean spin direction and spin squeezing in superpositions of spin coherent states
Authors: Yan Dong , Wang Xiaoguang , Song Lijun , Zong Zhanguo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe consider the mean spin direction (MSD) of superpositions of two spin coherent states (SCS) | ± μ〉, and superpositions of | μ〉 and | μ*〉 with a relative phase. We find that the azimuthal angle exhibits a π transition for both states when we vary the relative phase. The spin squeezing of the states, and the bosonic counterpart of the mean spin direction are also discussed.
Inside Front Cover: Environmental Optical Sensitivity of Gold Nanodecahedra (Adv. Funct. Mater. 9/2007)
Authors: Pastoriza–Santos I. , Sánchez–Iglesias A. , García de Abajo F. J. , Liz–Marzán L. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAs reported on p. 1443 by Isabel Pastoriza‐Santos and Luis M. Liz‐Marzán, the high sensitivity of localized surface plasmon resonances towards changes in the refractive index of the surrounding medium for regular gold nanodecahedra render them strong candidates for (bio)sensing applications. Whereas a monolayer of decahedra deposited on a glass slide looks pink in air, it turns blue when immersed in isopropanol.The sensitivity of localized surface plasmon resonances with respect to changes in the refractive index of the surrounding medium is measured for small (< 60 nm side length) and large (ca. 150 nm side length) regular gold nanodecahedra (pentagonal bipyramids), and compared to rigorous solutions of Maxwell's equations for bicones based upon the boundary element method (BEM). Small particles are prepared through ultrasound‐induced reduction of HAuCl4 by N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) on presynthesized penta‐twinned Au seeds, whereas large decahedra are grown using smaller ones as seeds. Excellent agreement between experimental and calculated spectra is found for dispersions and monolayers of particles in different solvents, as well as for the effect of uniform silica layers of various thicknesses grown on them. These results are expected to be useful for the development of novel biosensors.
Wetting topology in trickle bed reactors
Authors: Baussaron Loïc , Julcour‐Lebigue Carine , Wilhelm Anne‐Marie , Delmas Henri , Boyer Christophe 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLocal and average partial wetting efficiencies in trickle‐beds have been directly measured by image processing and PIV analysis. Two different setups have been implemented: a vertical monolayer of pellets where the wetting structure and stability and also local velocity gradient are characterized by PIV, and a fixed bed to analyze (by photography) the axial evolution of wetting over bed cross section after a transient injection of dye. Porous alumina spheres and different liquids have been used to examine the effect of liquid–solid affinity; two liquid distributors, and bed prewetting were investigated at low liquid superficial velocities (0.5 × 10−3–10−2 m/s). Contrary to usual techniques (excepting MRI), not only average wetting efficiencies are derived from the colorimetric tracing, but also local features: axial evolution of wetting, size, and locations of dry zones, distributions of wetting efficiency at a particle scale. All those local data are important to improve reactor models assuming uniform pellet wetting. The effect of liquid–solid affinity is predominant in the case of the monolayer of beads, and, contrary to usual assumption, is still significant for the real trickle bed in the low range of wetting efficiency, corresponding to liquid superficial velocity lower than 2 × 10−3 m/s. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
A probability distribution estimation based method for dynamic optimization
Authors: Xiao Jie , Huang Yinlun , Lou Helen H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEngineering optimization of a highly nonlinear complex system is always a challenge methodologically and computationally. This is especially true when multistage dynamic optimization is involved. While significant progress has been made in rigorous deterministic algorithms for dynamic optimization, meta‐heuristic‐based optimization may offer an attractive alternative. This paper introduces a general mathematical framework, called the Population‐based Probability Distribution Estimation (PPDE) method, for tackling constrained multistage complex process dynamic optimization problems. Solution identification is accomplished through probability distribution estimation based search in a continuous space, where special solution migration and penalty assignment techniques are integrated. Besides an optimal parameter estimation problem for a reactor system, an automotive coating curing optimization problem is also investigated, where the PPDE successfully minimizes oven energy consumption under various process/product constraints. Optimization results demonstrate superiorities of the method over the Ant Colony System (ACS) based dynamic optimization method. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Drying of two‐phase media: Simulation with liquid pressure as driven force
Authors: Couture Frédéric , Laurent Stéphane , Roques Michel A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn previous works, a model based on volume averaging theory to describe heat and mass transports in two‐phase media has been proposed. The main novelty was to consider both mass and volume conservation of the solid phase in order to avoid the introduction of an arbitrarily law binding the pressure to the volume fraction of the liquid phase. Indeed, this law leads to an equivalent transport coefficient that must be identified numerically by matching experimental and predicted data in such a way that process and internal model become unjustly dependant. Here, the mathematical description is solved. The forecasting of damages and cracks during drying of fully saturated media incites us to simulate transport phenomena which occur in gel (gelatin) during this process. Although the one‐dimensional configuration which is considered leads us to reduce the elastic behavior to an ideal shrinkage, the numerical results and the qualitative comparison to experimental measures provide some confidence in the proposed model. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Granular acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Pitman Sean D. , Huang Qin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAuthors report a rare case of granular acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in a 45‐year‐old woman with a history of multiple myeloma. The patient's lymphoblasts contained large numbers of distinctive cytoplasmic granules closely mimicking heavily granulated myeloblasts in acute myeloid leukemia. These blasts were completely negative for myeloperoxidase but positive for acid phosphatase and Periodic Acid‐Schiff reaction by cytochemical staining. Immunophenotype analysis by immunohistochemistry clearly demonstrated precursor B‐cell phenotype. Granular ALL occurs ∼2 to 7% in childhood populations but is extremely rare in adults. Such cases may cause problematic distinction from myeloid differentiation and lead to misdiagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. Ten cases of adult granular acute lymphoblastic leukemia described to date in the literature were also reviewed. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bexarotene blunts malignant T‐cell chemotaxis in Sezary syndrome: Reduction of chemokine receptor 4‐positive lymphocytes and decreased chemotaxis to thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine
Authors: Richardson Stephen K. , Newton Sarah B. , Bach Tami L. , Budgin Jeanne B. , Benoit Bernice M. , Lin Julie H. , Yoon Jessica S. , Wysocka Maria , Abrams Charles S. , Rook Alain H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe malignant cells in Sezary syndrome express the skin trafficking molecules' cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen (CLA) and chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4). High levels of the CCR4 ligand, thymus, and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC), have been reported in the blood and skin of patients. The rexinoid X‐receptor specific retinoid, bexarotene, has contributed to the resolution of cutaneous disease among patients. To evaluate the effects of bexarotene on skin trafficking molecule expression and chemotaxis, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Sezary syndrome patients and healthy controls were treated with bexarotene in vitro. CCR4 and CLA expression levels and chemotaxis in response to TARC (6.25 ng/ml) were evaluated among lymphocytes before and after treament with bexarotene (10 μM). Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate CD4, CD26, CLA, and CCR4 cell surface expression. Transwell migration assays were performed to evaluate chemotaxis to TARC. Prior to treatment, malignant cells exhibited higher CCR4 expression (45–90%) and greater than four times more chemotaxis to TARC compared with healthy controls. After treatment with bexarotene for 36–96 hr, a 28% reduction in CCR4 expression was noted (P < 0.05) among the malignant population with an associated 9% decrease in chemotaxis to TARC (P < 0.05). Our results show that bexarotene may inhibit malignant cell trafficking to the skin through an ability to suppress CCR4 expression among Sezary syndrome lymphocytes. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive value of alkaline phosphatase for response and time to progression in bortezomib‐treated multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Zangari Maurizio , Esseltine Dixie , Cavallo Federica , Neuwirth Rachel , Elice Francesca , Burns Michael J. , Yaccoby Shmuel , Richardson Paul , Sonneveld Pieter , Tricot Guido 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMyeloma bone disease is characterized by osteolytic destruction associated with suppressed osteoblastic activity. Using data from the APEX (Richardson et al., N Engl J Med 2005;352:2487–2498) study, we have assessed the relationship of changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels during bortezomib therapy with response and time to progression on this therapy. The percentage of ALP increments in responders (complete and partial response) and nonresponders was analyzed at different thresholds and time points. For all bortezomib‐treated patients enrolled in the trial (N = 333), at least a 25% increase in ALP from the baseline at 6 week was the most powerful predictor of treatment response (P < 0.0001) and time to progression (206 vs. 169 days) relative to patients with less than a 25% increase in ALP (P = 0.01). Markers of osteoblastic activation may predict quality and duration of response in multiple myeloma. In addition, our data suggest that bone anabolism could inhibit myeloma growth. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms involved in the folate metabolizing pathway and risk of multiple myeloma
Authors: Kim Hee Nam , Kim Yeo‐Kyeoung , Lee Il‐Kwon , Lee Je‐Jung , Yang Deok‐Hwan , Park Kyeong‐Soo , Choi Jin‐Su , Park Moo Rim , Jo Deog Yeon , Kim Hyeoung‐Joon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFolate and methionine metabolism plays an essential role in both DNA synthesis and methylation. Polymorphisms in the genes of the folate‐dependent enzymes have been shown to affect disease susceptibility. We conducted a Korean population‐based case‐control study to evaluate whether genetic variation in folate metabolism may have a role in the risk of multiple myeloma (MM). The study subjects were 173 patients with MM and 1,700 population‐based controls. The polymorphisms studied include methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 C > T and 1298 A > C, methionine synthase (MS) 2756 A > G, methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) 66A > G, thymidylate synthase (TS) 28‐bp repeat (2R→3R) and 6‐bp deletion/insertion. MS 2756 AG genotypes were associated with a 1.5‐fold lower risk of MM (OR = 0.66, 95%CI; 0.43–0.99, P = 0.047). There was no association between MTHFR C677T, A1298C, MTRR A66G, TS 2R→3R and 6‐bp deletion/insertion polymorphisms and MM. These results suggest that MTHFR C677T, A1298C, MTRR A66G, TS 2R→3R, and 6‐bp deletion/insertion do not significantly factor into the pathogenesis of MM in the Korean population, but that MS A2756G polymorphism may play an important role. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.