bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: Predictive value and clinical relevance of hypoxic markers. A review
Authors: Hoogsteen Ilse J. , Marres Henri A. M. , Bussink Johan , van der Kogel Albert J. , Kaanders Johannes H. A. M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground.Hypoxia and tumor cell proliferation are important factors determining the treatment response of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Successful approaches have been developed to counteract these resistance mechanisms although usually at the cost of increased short‐ and long‐term side effects. To provide the best attainable quality of life for individual patients and the head and neck cancer patient population as a whole, it is of increasing importance that tools be developed that allow a better selection of patients for these intensified treatments.Methods.A literature review was performed with special focus on the predictive value and clinical relevance of endogenous hypoxia‐related markers.Results.New methods for qualitative and quantitative assessment of functional microenvironmental parameters such as hypoxia, proliferation, and vasculature have identified several candidate markers for future use in predictive assays. Hypoxia‐related markers include hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1α, carbonic anhydrase IX, glucose transporters, erythropoietin receptor, osteopontin, and others. Although several of these markers and combinations of markers are associated with treatment outcome, their clinical value as predictive factors remains to be established.Conclusions:A number of markers and marker profiles have emerged that may have potential as a predictive assay. Validation of these candidate assays requires testing in prospective trials comparing standard treatment against experimental treatments targeting the related microregional constituent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Does a positive neural margin affect outcome in facial nerve grafting?
Authors: Wax Mark K. , Kaylie David M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground.We sought to determine the effect of positive neural margins on subsequent facial nerve function following facial nerve grafting.Methods.In this retrospective review, 19 patients had sacrifice of their facial nerve with immediate facial nerve grafting, 8 had positive neural margins, and 11 had negative neural margins. Facial nerve function was analyzed using the House–Brackman scale.Results.In the first group (8 patients), 5 had positive proximal margins and 3 had positive distal neural margins. Outcome by House‐Brackman score was III (2 patients), IV (3 patients), V (1 patient), and VI (2 patients). In the second group (no evidence of neural spread, 11 patients), outcome was III (3 patients), IV (2 patients), V (2 patients), and VI (4 patients).Conclusion.No significant difference in the outcome of facial nerve function was seen between these 2 groups. Facial nerve grafting should be considered in patients whose facial nerve is sacrificed, even when there is evidence of tumor in the perineurium at the margin of resection. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Incidence of donor site skin graft loss requiring surgical intervention with the radial forearm free flap
Authors: Emerick Kevin S. , Deschler Daniel G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground.Many methods of managing the fasciocutaneous radial forearm free flap (RFFF) donor site have been described. Ideal management would be technically easy to perform, reliable, cost‐effective, and prevent further complications.Methods.The clinical records of 54 consecutive patients undergoing RFFF surgery by the senior author were reviewed. Records were reviewed to identify donor sites with significant breakdown that required intervention.Results.Fifty‐four patients were identified. Only 1 patient had significant tendon exposure. A V to Y closure was performed. The site healed well following this procedure and no further intervention was required. No other donor site complications were noted in this group.Conclusion.The incidence of wound breakdown requiring surgical intervention at the RFFF donor site is less than 2% utilizing a simple technique of split thickness skin grafting, bolster, and short‐term splinting. This study demonstrates the low donor site morbidity of the RFFF. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Inverse flood risk modelling under changing climatic conditions
Authors: Cunderlik Juraj M. , Simonovic Slobodan P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOne of the most significant anticipated consequences of global climate change is the increased frequency of hydrologic extremes. Predictions of climate change impacts on the regime of hydrologic extremes have traditionally been conducted using a top‐down approach. The top‐down approach involves a high degree of uncertainty associated with global circulation model (GCM) outputs and the choice of downscaling technique. This study attempts to explore an inverse approach to the modelling of hydrologic risk and vulnerability to changing climatic conditions. With a focus targeted at end‐users, the proposed approach first identifies critical hydrologic exposures that may lead to local failures of existing water resources systems. A hydrologic model is used to transform inversely the main hydrologic exposures, such as floods and droughts, into corresponding meteorological conditions. The frequency of critical meteorological situations is investigated under present and future climatic scenarios by means of a generic weather generator. The weather generator, linked with GCMs at the last step of the proposed methodology, allows the creation of an ensemble of different scenarios, as well as an easy updating, when new and improved GCM outputs become available. The technique has been applied in Ontario, Canada. The results show significant changes in the frequency of hydro‐climatic extremes under future climate scenarios in the study area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enforced self‐organizing map neural networks for river flood forecasting
Authors: Chang Fi‐John , Chang Li‐Chiu , Wang Yan‐Shiang 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSelf‐organizing maps (SOMs) have been successfully accepted widely in science and engineering problems; not only are their results unbiased, but they can also be visualized. In this study, we propose an enforced SOM (ESOM) coupled with a linear regression output layer for flood forecasting. The ESOM re‐executes a few extra training patterns, e.g. the peak flow, as recycling input data increases the mapping space of peak flow in the topological structure of SOM, and the weighted sum of the extended output layer of the network improves the accuracy of forecasting peak flow. We have investigated an ESOM neural network by using the flood data of the Da‐Chia River, Taiwan, and evaluated its performance based on the results obtained from a commonly used back‐propagation neural network. The results demonstrate that the ESOM neural network has great efficiency for clustering, especially for the peak flow, and super capability of modelling the flood forecast. The topology maps created from the ESOM are interesting and informative. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precipitation interception in Australian tropical rainforests: II. Altitudinal gradients of cloud interception, stemflow, throughfall and interception
Authors: McJannet David , Wallace Jim , Reddell Paul 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article presents a comprehensive study of canopy interception in six rainforests in Australia's Wet Tropics for periods ranging between 2 and 3·5 years. Measurements of rainfall, throughfall, stemflow and cloud interception were made at sites characterized by different forest types, canopy structure, altitude, rainfall and exposure to prevailing winds. Throughfall at these sites ranged between 64 and 83% of total precipitation inputs, while stemflow ranged between 2 and 11%. At sites higher than 1000 m, cloud interception was found to contribute up to 66% of the monthly water input to the forest, more than twice the rainfall at these times. Over the entire study period, cloud interception accounted for between 4 and 30% of total precipitation inputs, and was related more to the exposure of sites to prevailing winds than to altitudinal differences alone.Over the duration of the study period, interception losses ranged between 22 and 29% of total water input (rainfall and cloud interception) at all sites except the highest altitude site on Bellenden Ker, where interception was 6% of total water input. This smaller interception loss was the result of extremely high rainfall, prolonged immersion in cloud and a sparser canopy. On a monthly basis, interception losses from the six sites varied between 10 and 88% of rainfall. All sites had much higher interception losses during the dry season than in the wet season because of the differences in storm size and rainfall intensity. The link between rainfall conditions and interception losses has important implications for how evaporative losses from forests may respond to altered rainfall regimes under climate change and/or large‐scale atmospheric circulation variations such as El Niño. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precipitation interception in Australian tropical rainforests: I. Measurement of stemflow, throughfall and cloud interception
Authors: McJannet David , Wallace Jim , Reddell Paul 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMethods for measuring throughfall, stemflow and, hence, interception in the tropical rainforests of the Wet Tropics region of North Queensland, Australia, were tested at three sites for between 581 and 787 days. The throughfall system design was based on long troughs mounted beneath the canopy and worked successfully under a range of rainfall conditions. Comparison of replicated systems demonstrated that the methodology is capable of capturing the variability in throughfall exhibited beneath our tropical rainforest canopies. Similarly, the stemflow system design which used spiral collars attached to sample trees worked well under a range of rainfall conditions and also produced similar estimates of stemflow in replicated systems.Higher altitude rainforests (>1000 m) in North Queensland can receive significant extra inputs of water as the canopy intercepts passing cloud droplets. This additional source of water is referred to as ‘cloud interception’ and an instrument for detecting this is described. The results obtained from this gauge are compared with cloud interception estimates made using a canopy water balance method. This method is based on stemflow and throughfall measurements and provides an alternative means to fog or cloud interception gauge calibration techniques used in the literature. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An empirical model of daily highs and lows
Authors: Cheung Yin‐Wong 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe construct an empirical model for daily highs and daily lows of US stock indexes based on the intuition that highs and lows do not drift apart over time. Our empirical results show that daily highs and lows of three main US stock price indexes are cointegrated. Data on openings, closings, and trading volume are found to offer incremental explanatory power for variations in highs and lows within the VECM framework. With all these variables, the augmented VECM models explain 40–50% of variations in daily highs and lows. The generalized impulse response analysis shows that the responses of daily highs and daily lows to the shocks depend on whether data on openings, closings, and trading volume are included in the analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exchange rates and fundamentals: a non‐linear relationship?
Authors: De Grauwe Paul , Vansteenkiste Isabel 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe test whether the relationship between changes in the nominal exchange rate and changes in its underlying fundamentals has non‐linear features. In order to do so, we extend the Markov‐switching model as proposed by McConnell and Perez Quiros (2000) and Dewachter (2001) and test it using a sample of low‐ and high‐inflation countries. The empirical analysis shows that for the high‐inflation countries the relationship between news in the fundamentals and the exchange rate changes is stable and significant. This is not the case, however, for the low‐inflation countries, where frequent regime switches occur. We develop a non‐linear model based on the existence of transactions costs that could explain our empirical findings. We find that this simple non‐linear model is capable of replicating the empirical evidence uncovered in this paper. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nickel release behavior, cytocompatibility, and superelasticity of oxidized porous single‐phase NiTi
Authors: Wu Shuilin , Liu Xiangmei , Chan Y.L. , Ho J.P.Y. , Chung C.Y. , Chu Paul K. , Chu C.L. , Yeung K.W.K. , Lu W.W. , Cheung K.M.C. , Luk K.D.K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPorous NiTi shape memory alloys are one of the promising biomaterials for surgical implants because of their unique shape memory effects and porous structure with open pores. However, the complex surface morphology and larger area of porous NiTi compared to dense NiTi make it more vulnerable from the viewpoint of release of nickel, which can cause deleterious effects in the human body. It is also more difficult to modify the exposed surfaces of a porous structure using conventional surface modification technologies. In this work, oxidation in conjunction with postreaction heat treatment was used to modify the surfaces of porous single‐phase NiTi prepared by capsule‐free hot isostatic pressing to mitigate Ni leaching and enhance the surface properties. Differential scanning calorimetry thermal analysis, uniaxial compression tests, inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and cell cultures reveal that porous NiTi alloys oxidized at 450°C for 1 h have an austenite transition temperature below 37°C, excellent superelasticity, lower nickel release, and no cytotoxicity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Nanohydroxyapatite microspheres as delivery system for antibiotics: Release kinetics, antimicrobial activity, and interaction with osteoblasts
Authors: Ferraz M.P. , Mateus A.Y. , Sousa J.C. , Monteiro F.J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSevere periodontitis treatment, where massive alveolar bone loss occurs, involves bone defect filling and intensive systemic log‐term antibiotics administration. This study aims at developing novel injectable drug delivery systems (nanohydroxyapatite microspheres) with the drug releasing capability for periodontitis treatment and simultaneously initiating the osteointegration process. Materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, inverted stand optical microscope analysis, and mercury porosimetry method. Amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, and erythromycin were the antibiotics used. Release properties during 28 days from the hydroxyapatite (HA) granules, and two types of nanoHA microspheres were investigated. Biocompatibility was assessed by cytotoxicity assays. HA granules were inadequate, releasing all antibiotic during the first hours. The concentration of antibiotics released in the first days from HA‐2 was higher than from HA‐1 microspheres, because of the increased porosity and surface area. The release profiles (fast initial release followed by long‐term sustained release) of effective doses of antibiotics make these systems good alternatives for antibiotics delivery. Osteoblasts proliferated well on both types of microspheres, being cell growth enhanced in the presence of antibiotics. Erythromycin presented the most beneficial effect. Combining the sustained antibiotic release with the osteoconduction, resorbability, and potential use as injectable bone filling material of porous HA microspheres, these systems provided a forth fold beneficial effect. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Functional domains of the TGF‐β‐inducible transcription factor Tieg3 and detection of two putative nuclear localization signals within the zinc finger DNA‐binding domain
Authors: Spittau Björn , Wang Ziyuan , Boinska Dagmara , Krieglstein Kerstin 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe recently identified TGF‐β‐inducible early gene 3 (Tieg3) belongs to the gene family of Sp1/Klf‐like transcription factors and is upregulated immediately after TGF‐β treatment. To explore the molecular mechanisms of Tieg3‐mediated transcriptional control, GAL4‐based luciferase assays were performed in order to determine regulatory domains within the Tieg3 protein. Using EGFP‐fusion proteins, we monitored the intracellular localization and mapped putative nuclear localization signals (NLS). We provide evidence that the amino‐terminus of Tieg3 is essential to repress the transcription and that the loss of the mSin3A interacting domain (SID) disrupts the repressive effects of Tieg3 in the oligodendroglial cell line OLI‐neu. Herein we also demonstrate that the zinc finger containing DNA‐binding domain (DBD) alone is able to activate the transcription of a reporter gene. Sequence analysis of the zinc finger region revealed no similarities to known activation domains. Analysis of the subcellular localization disclosed Tieg3 as a nuclear protein. Further, we identified the DBD as being essential for the nuclear localization of Tieg3. We detected two closely located putative bipartite NLS within the second and third zinc finger, which are conserved among the members of the Tieg family of proteins. Together these results may help to increase the understanding of Tieg3‐mediated transcriptional control and to characterize this TGF‐β‐induced Sp1/Klf‐like transcription factor. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 712–722, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calculation of relative binding affinities of fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase mutants with adenosine monophosphate using free energy perturbation method
Authors: Mutyala Ravichandra , Reddy R. N. , Sumakanth M. , Reddanna P. , Reddy M. Rami 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe free energy perturbation (FEP) methodology is the most accurate means of estimating relative binding affinities between inhibitors and protein variants. In this article, the importance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues to the binding of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to the fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase (FBPase), a target enzyme for type‐II diabetes, was examined by FEP method. Five mutations were made to the FBPase enzyme with AMP inhibitor bound: 113Tyr → 113Phe, 31Thr → 31Ala, 31Thr → 31Ser, 177Met → 177Ala, and 30Leu → 30Phe. These mutations test the strength of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions between the ligand and enzyme. The calculated relative free energies indicated that: 113Tyr and 31Thr play an important role, each via two hydrogen bonds affecting the binding affinity of inhibitor AMP to FBPase, and any changes in these hydrogen bonds due to mutations on the protein will have significant effect on the binding affinity of AMP to FBPase, consistent to experimental results. Also, the free energy calculations clearly show that the hydrophilic interactions are more important than the hydrophobic interactions of the binding pocket of FBPase. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
Wet oxidation pretreatment of lignocellulosic residues of sugarcane, rice, cassava and peanuts for ethanol production
Authors: Martín Carlos , Thomsen Anne Belinda 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWet oxidation (WO) pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse, rice hulls, cassava stalks and peanut shells was investigated. WO was performed at 195 °C for 10 min, with 2 g kg−1 of Na2CO3 and under either 3 or 12 bar of oxygen. Oxygen pressure and the type of raw material used had a major effect on the fractionation of the materials, formation of sugars and by‐products, and cellulose enzymatic convertibility. Cellulose content in the solid fraction increased after pretreatment of all materials, except rice hulls. The greatest increase, from 361 g kg−1 to almost 600 g kg−1, occurred for bagasse. The solubilisation of individual components was different for each material. Bagasse xylan was solubilised to a large extent, and 45.2% of it was recovered as xylose and xylo‐oligosaccharides in the liquid fraction. In the prehydrolysates of rice hulls around 40% of the original glucan was recovered as gluco‐oligosaccharides, due to hydrolysis of starch contained in grain remains. The formation of by‐products was modest for all the materials, but increased with increasing oxygen pressure. The highest yield of acetic acid (34–36 g kg−1 of raw material) and furfural (0.7–1.8 g kg−1) occurred for bagasse. The pretreatment enhanced the enzymatic convertibility of cellulose giving the best result (670.2 g kg−1) for bagasse pretreated at the highest oxygen pressure. However, for the other materials the pretreatment conditions were not effective in achieving cellulose conversions above 450 g kg−1. Some enzymatic conversion of xylan was observed. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Cr(VI) reduction by bio and bioinorganic catalysis via use of bio‐H2: a sustainable approach for remediation of wastes
Authors: Humphries Andrea C , Penfold David W , Macaskie Lynne E 
Published: January 2007

AbstractUse of biologically‐produced hydrogen (bio‐H2) as an electron donor for Cr(VI) reduction by native and palladized cells of Desulfovibrio vulgaris NCIMB 8303 was demonstrated. The bio‐H2 was produced fermentatively by Escherichia coli HD701 (a strain upregulated with respect to formate hydrogenlyase expression) using glucose solution or two industrial confectionery wastes as fermentable substrates. Maximum Cr(VI) reduction occurred at the expense of bio‐H2 using palladized biomass (bio‐Pd(0)), with negligible residual Cr(VI) remaining from a 0.5 mmol dm−3 solution after 2.5 h. Use of bio‐H2 as the electron donor for Cr(VI) reduction by agar‐immobilized bio‐Pd(0) in a continuous‐flow system gave 90% reduction efficiency at a flow residence time of 0.7 h, which was maintained for the duration of bio‐H2 evolution by E. coli HD701. This study shows the potential to remediate toxic metal waste at the expense of food processing waste, as a sustainable alternative to landfilling. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Implications of enhanced persistence of atmospheric circulation for the occurrence and severity of temperature extremes
Authors: Kyselý Jan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe relationship between persistent atmospheric circulation patterns over Europe and surface air temperature anomalies is studied for the 20th century using the Hess–Brezowsky catalogue of circulation types and temperature data from Prague. Circulation types significantly conducive to heat and cold waves are detected. It is demonstrated that the persistence of the circulation patterns is linked to surface air temperature anomalies and the occurrence and severity of temperature extremes that become more pronounced under more persistent circulation. The consequences vary for warm and cold extremes, depending on features related to atmospheric dynamics (e.g. air‐mass advection and fronts). The intensification of anomalies due to higher persistence of circulation patterns would likely be more important for warm temperature extremes than the cold ones. The recently observed increases in the frequency and severity of heat waves over Europe are likely related to enhanced persistence of the atmospheric circulation, and the impacts of the expected climate change on the occurrence and severity of temperature extremes may be exacerbated by more persistent circulation patterns over the European midlatitudes. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society