bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GW9508 ameliorates cognitive dysfunction via autophagy pathway in streptozotocin‐induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Yanan , Chen Jingjing , Wang Chen , Chen Tong , He Ling 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundG protein‐coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is a potential drug target for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its agonist GW9508 ameliorates cognitive impairment by intravenous administration.ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of GW9508 administered peripherally on cognitive dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced AD mice.MethodsSeventy male ICR mice were randomly divided into seven groups: vehicle sham group, model, Donepezil, GW9508‐L, GW9508‐M, GW9508‐H, and GW1100 + GW9508‐H groups, and administered either vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid [aCSF]) or STZ (3 mg/kg in the vehicle) once a day (9:00 a.m.) by intracerebroventricular injection bilaterally on day 1 and day 3, respectively. After 2 weeks of recovery, all mice were given drug treatment. Behavioral experiments were applied to test the recognition and spatial memory of mice, while molecular biology experiments such as Western blot, ELISA, and Nissl staining were used to detect the corresponding changes of signaling pathways.ResultsIntraperitoneal administration of GW9508 prevented STZ‐induced cognitive impairment as well as decreased the level of p‐tau and Aβ1–42 in plasma and brain. GW9508 upregulated the expression of gut‐brain peptides like PYY, CCK, IGF‐1, and GLP‐1 both in blood circulation and brain and downregulated the expression level of autophagy‐related proteins through activating Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the treatment effect of GW9508 was reversed by GPR40 antagonist GW1100 significantly.ConclusionPeripheral administration of GW9508 exhibits neuroprotective effects, and it could be a promising therapy for AD. The neuroprotective mechanism of GW9508 was based on promoting gut‐brain peptide secretion, activating Akt/mTOR signal pathway, and regulating neuronal autophagy.
TPACK expression patterns in preservice teachers' design of innovative physics teaching and learning materials
Authors: Kim Hyojoon , Song Jinwoong , Ha Sangwoo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundTPACK is a widely used framework for assessing teachers' competence in integrating technology in education. However, previous studies have shown varying interpretations of the relationship between TPACK elements. Qualitative studies that assess the manifestations of TPACK by examining the practices of pre‐service teachers are rare.ObjectivesThis study investigates technology integration in innovative physics teaching and learning materials designed by pre‐service teachers and the manifestation of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in empirical cases.MethodsWe qualitatively extracted the components of PCK, TPK, and TCK from the innovative physics teaching and learning materials developed by 22 pre‐service teachers in their fourth year at a teachers' college in South Korea. We scored them based on the new evaluation criteria established in this study.Results and ConclusionsBased on the materials, we identified three types of technology integration: Learning Materials Providing, Learning Activity Providing, and Virtual Experiments Creating. This study identifies teachers' level of TK and integrates it with TPACK expression. Results confirm the connection between TK and TCK and show that a strong PCK can serve as a basis for TPK. The TPACK expression pattern can help achieve balanced development of TPACK in teacher education.
Comparing methods for determining the metabolic capacity of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Eisenberg Rachel M. , Sandrelli Rebeccah M. , Gamperl Anthony Kurt 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) mortalities have been reported during the summer at some North Atlantic salmon cage‐sites where they serve as “cleaner fish.” To better understand this species' physiology and whether limitations in their metabolic capacity and thermal tolerance can explain this phenomenon, we compared the aerobic scope (AS) of 6°C‐acclimated lumpfish (~50 g and 8.8 cm in length at the beginning of experiments) when all individuals (N = 12) were given a chase to exhaustion, a critical swim speed (Ucrit) test, and a critical thermal maximum (CTMax) test (rate of warming 2°C h−1). The Ucrit and CTMax of the lumpfish were 2.36 ± 0.08 body lengths per second and 20.6 ± 0.3°C. The AS of lumpfish was higher during the Ucrit test (206.4 ± 8.5 mg O2 kg−1 h−1) versus that measured in either the CTMax test or after the chase to exhaustion (141.0 ± 15.0 and 124.7 ± 15.5 mg O2 kg−1 h−1, respectively). Maximum metabolic rate (MMR), AS, and “realistic” AS (ASR) measured using the three different protocols were not significantly correlated, indicating that measurements of metabolic capacity using one of these methods cannot be used to estimate values that would be obtained using another method. Additional findings include that (1) the lumpfish's metabolic capacity is comparable to that of Atlantic cod, suggesting that they are not as “sluggish” as previously suggested in the literature, and (2) their CTMax (20.6°C when acclimated to 6°C), in combination with their recently determined ITMax (20.6°C when acclimated to 10°C), indicates that high sea‐cage temperatures are unlikely to be the primary cause of lumpfish mortalities at salmon sea‐cages during the summer.
Longitudinal effects of ambivalent and guilt feelings on dementia family caregivers' depressive symptoms
Authors: Losada‐Baltar Andrés , Mausbach Brent T. , Romero‐Moreno Rosa , Jiménez‐Gonzalo Lucía , Huertas‐Domingo Cristina , Fernandes‐Pires José A. , Barrera‐Caballero Samara , Gallego‐Alberto Laura , Martín‐María Natalia , Olazarán Javier , Márquez‐González María 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe world prevalence of people with dementia is increasing. Most of the care received by people with dementia is provided by family caregivers, and this prolonged activity has a significant impact on caregivers' levels of depression. Stressors and frequency of leisure are known predictors of caregivers' depressive levels. The longitudinal impact of caregivers' ambivalent and guilt feelings is unknown.MethodsParticipants were 177 family caregivers of relatives with dementia who were assessed three times during a 2‐year period. In addition to demographic variables, psychological symptoms of the dementias, and frequency of leisure activities, caregivers' ambivalent feelings, guilt, and depressive symptoms were measured. The longitudinal association of changes in these variables with changes in caregivers' depressive symptoms over time was assessed using mixed linear models.ResultsChanges over time in the assessed variables predicted 48.05% of variance of changes over time in depressive symptoms. Even when variables strongly associated with increased depressive symptoms were controlled (lower caregivers' age and educational level, higher reaction to BPSD, and lower leisure activities), increases in ambivalence and guilt contributed to an increase of 9.22% of the variance of changes depressive symptoms over a 2‐year period. The effects of ambivalent feelings on depression are indirect, mediated by guilt feelings. Cessation of caregiving do not seem to alter these findings.ConclusionsCaregivers' ambivalent and guilt feelings are significant predictors of caregivers' mental health. Caregivers may significantly benefit from early detection of ambivalent and guilt feelings and preventive strategies targeting triggers associated with ambivalent and guilt symptoms.
Primary care professionals’ perspectives on tailoring buprenorphine training for rural practice
Authors: Fenstemaker Cheyenne , Abrams Elizabeth A. , Obringer Benjamin , King Katherine , Dhanani Lindsay Y. , Franz Berkeley 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeBuprenorphine is a highly effective medication for opioid use disorder (OUD) that remains substantially underutilized by primary care professionals (PCPs). This is particularly true in rural communities, which have fewer prescribers and significant access disparities. The Drug Enforcement Administration removed the X‐waiver requirement in December 2022, yet many rural clinicians still report barriers to prescribing buprenorphine. In this study, we examined rural PCPs’ experiences with buprenorphine to identify tailored training strategies for rural practice.MethodsPhysicians, nurse practitioners, and physician associates practicing in rural Ohio counties were recruited through contacts at statewide health associations and health professions training programs. Twenty‐three PCPs were interviewed about their perspectives on prescribing buprenorphine, including their training history.FindingsPCPs self‐reported being motivated to respond to OUD. However, they also reported that current training efforts failed to equip them with the knowledge and resources needed to prescribe effectively, and that urban‐focused training often alienated rural clinicians. Participants suggested tailoring training content to rural settings, using rural trainers, and bolstering confidence in navigating rural‐specific barriers, such as resource deficits and acute opioid fatigue.ConclusionOur study found that current training on buprenorphine prescribing is inadequate for meeting the needs of rural PCPs. Tailored buprenorphine training is needed to improve accessibility and acceptability, and to better support the clinical workforce in communities disproportionately impacted by the opioid epidemic.
Personalising circadian hygiene educational initiatives aimed at university students—“He who has ears to hear, let him hear”
Authors: Giusti Gianluca , Domenie Esther D. , Zarantonello Lisa , Mangini Chiara , Ferrari Paolo , Costa Rodolfo , Montagnese Sara 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to characterise “early drop‐outs” (n = 3185) out of a group of university students (n = 7766) engaged in an ongoing circadian education initiative, to evaluate its efficacy and direct its developments. The initiative is aimed at improving sleep timing/quality through one of two sets of circadian hygiene advice covering the timing of sleep, meals, exercise and light exposure, and it has already been shown to have a positive effect on sleep timing. This second, interim analysis confirmed the high prevalence of disturbed night sleep and social jetlag amongst students at Padova University. Three‐thousand, one‐hundred and eighty‐five (41.0%) students were early drop‐outs. These were more commonly males (46.4 versus 37.6%; χ2 = 58, p < 0.0001), had later sleep–wake habits, more daytime sleepiness and worse night sleep quality. Chronotype distribution was also different, with a slight but significantly higher proportion of extremely evening/evening types amongst early drop‐outs (χ2 = 10, p < 0.05). These results suggest that the more evening the student, the lower their likelihood of choosing/being able to follow circadian advice.
A multidisciplinary approach to identifying and managing heterotopic gastric inlet patches
Authors: Ayres L. , Perring S. , Nouraei S. A. R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionGastric inlet patches are often incidental, but can also be a treatable cause of laryngo‐esophageal symptoms.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients whose gastric inlet patches were diagnosed following assessment for laryngopharyngeal and swallowing symptoms. Improvement following Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) was assessed using Minimum Clinically‐Important Difference methodology combining voice, throat, and swallowing domains. Correlations between APC response and measures of reflux and mucosal barrier integrity, measured during 24‐h pH‐impedance manometry, were obtained. Proximal and Distal Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance (MNBI) values were separately calculated and the novel variable of Mucosal Impedance Gradient was derived as [((Distal MNBI‐Proximal MNBI)/((Distal MNBI + Proximal MMBI)/2)) x 100].Key ResultsInlet patches were detected in 57 of 651 patients who had Transnasal Panendoscopy (8.7 ± 2.2%). There were 34 males. Mean age was 58 years. Mean duration of symptoms was 2 years. The commonest symptoms were hoarseness (n = 33), throat symptoms (n = 24), and dysphagia (n = 21), respectively. APC was used to ablate patches in 34 patients. Treatment response was 71% at a mean followup of 5.5 months. MIG > − 25% predicted response to APC, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.875 (Sensitivity = 81%; Specificity = 100%; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsGastric inlet patches are common and under‐recognized. They can cause protracted pharyngo‐esophageal symptoms. Patch ablation is an effective treatment for carefully selected patients. Optimal patient selection requires multidisciplinary teamwork. Mucosal Impedance Gradient could further refine patient selection.
Anxiety symptoms without depression are associated with cognitive control network (CNN) dysfunction: An fNIRS study
Authors: Zhao Qinqin , Wang Zheng , Yang Caihong , Chen Han , Zhang Yan , Zeb Irum , Wang Pu , Wu Huifen , Xiao Qiang , Xu Fang , Bian Yueran , Xiang Nian , Qiu Min 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAnxiety is a common psychological disorder associated with other mental disorders, with depression being the most common comorbidity. Few studies have examined the neural mechanisms underlying anxiety after controlling for depression. This study aimed to explore whether there are differences in cortical activation in anxiety patients with different severities whose depression are normal. In the current study, depression levels were normal for 366 subjects—139 healthy subjects, 117 with mild anxiety, and 110 with major anxiety. Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and a verbal fluency task (VFT) to test subjects' anxiety and depression and cognitive function, respectively. A 53‐channel guided near‐infrared spectroscopic imaging technology (fNIRS) detected the concentration of oxyhemoglobin (oxy‐Hb). Correlation analysis between anxiety severity and oxy‐Hb concentration in the brain cortex was performed, as well as ANOVA analysis of oxy‐Hb concentration among the three anxiety severity groups. The results showed that anxiety severity was significantly and negatively correlated with oxy‐Hb concentrations in the left frontal eye field (lFEF) and in the right dorsolateral prefrontal area (rDLPFC). The oxy‐Hb concentration in the lFEF and the rDLPFC were significantly lower in the major anxiety disorder group than that in the control group. This suggests that decreased cortical activity of the lFEF and rDLPFC may be neural markers of anxiety symptoms after controlling for depression. Anxiety symptoms without depression may be result from the dysfunction of the cognitive control network (CCN) which includes the lFEF and rDLPFC.
The need for nonuniform risk acceptability across climate change scenarios
Authors: Nasr Amro , Ivanov Oskar Larsson , Björnsson Ivar , Johansson Jonas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimate change risk assessment studies focus on identifying and analyzing different risks considering several climate change scenarios and on evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of different adaptation measures. However, risk acceptability is often not reflected on in the context of climate change risk studies. Noting that the different climate change scenarios depict drastically contrasting images of the future in terms of population growth, economic development, and changes to life expectancy, this article uses risk acceptance criteria that are based on socioeconomic considerations to highlight the need for nonuniform risk acceptability across climate change scenarios. For this purpose, the optimum implied cost of averting a fatality derived based on the life quality index concept and the value of a quality‐adjusted life year derived based on the time principle of acceptable life risk are assessed in three different climate change scenarios for Sweden. Additionally, an illustrative example that assesses the acceptable probability of failure of a steel rod under axial tension in the different climate change scenarios is presented. It is shown that risk acceptance criteria can vary considerably across the different climate change scenarios (e.g., more than 190% variation in the acceptable probability of failure for Sweden in the considered example). This article demonstrates that the ability of societies to afford risk‐reducing measures may vary considerably across the different climate change scenarios. Hence, it can be concluded that (1) in the context of climate change risk assessments, risk acceptance criteria need to be developed to account for the different climate change scenarios, and (2) these criteria may vary considerably across the different climate change scenarios. Finally, relevant challenges and research needs are also provided.
The three I's of downward income mobility: A directional subgroup decomposable measure
Authors: Bárcena‐Martín Elena , Cantó Olga 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Foster‐Greer‐Thorbecke class of indices and the TIP curve have become classical tools to measure poverty. In this paper we adapt these indices and curve to the income mobility literature and measure downward income mobility considering its three dimensions of incidence, intensity, and inequality. This strategy allows us to incorporate reference dependence, loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity, features emphasized as welfare determinants in Prospect Theory. We propose the use of a class of measures and a Three I's of Downward Mobility curve as a useful graphical device in the income growth framework. Based on this curve we can evaluate the degree of regressivity (or progressivity) of income losses. We provide an empirical illustration for Spain in two recent recession periods. Results show that even if for most households the pandemic shock was not as severe as the Great Recession, some sociodemographic groups had a more similar downward mobility experience in both crises.
Diagenetic dolomite in planktonic foraminifera on the Australian Northwest Shelf
Authors: Zhao Song , Grant Katharine M. , Opdyke Bradley N. , Troitzsch Ulrike , Williams Ian S. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTPlanktonic foraminiferal shells are widely used to investigate past oceanographic and climatic variations via their trace elements and stable isotopes. However, these geochemical methods may be compromised by the presence of diagenetic high‐Mg calcite. In this study, dolomite crystals are observed in planktonic foraminifera from International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1464 sediments on the Australian Northwest shelf, a shallow marine environment (<300 m). This study investigates the formation of the dolomite using new scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, stable isotope (carbon and oxygen), Mg/Ca and rare earth element data, combined with shipboard geochemistry and available literature. This study finds that foraminiferal dolomite formation was probably associated with early diagenesis, microbial and ageing processes. Two potential diagenetic processes (seafloor diagenesis and post‐depositional diagenesis) are proposed, and both indicate that the favourable redox condition of dolomite formation is low oxygen, which may activate methanogenic catalysis to facilitate dolomite formation. It is postulated that high‐Mg calcite may be the precursor of foraminiferal dolomite in this case, and that dissolution–precipitation may be the ageing process of dolomite formation. In contrast to deeper, more normal pelagic environments, this study shows that the marine environment can facilitate dolomite precipitation by higher fluxes of organic matter to the seafloor.
Just pair‐merge
Authors: Safir Ken 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo structure‐building operations are currently posited in minimalist theory: an operation forming sets (set merge), and an operation forming ordered pairs (pair‐merge). I argue that pair‐merge is sufficient to generate syntactic relations, so set merge, also called simple merge, should be eliminated from syntactic theory on grounds of simplicity. This conclusion requires reevaluating the relationship between structure‐building and labeling of constituents for the expression of syntactic relations, because labeling plays a crucial role in this comparison of theories according to the simplicity metric. An existing labeling hypothesis, specifically Chomsky's Labeling Algorithm, is shown not to have any advantage claimed for it by comparison with the just pair‐merge hypothesis proposed here. An advantage of the only pair‐merge hypothesis is that it provides a more principled origin for the inherent asymmetry in the c‐command relation that does not follow from a theory that includes set merge.
Blood meal analysis reveals sources of tick‐borne pathogens and differences in host utilization of juvenile Ixodes ricinus across urban and sylvatic habitats
Authors: Sormunen Jani Jukka , Mänttäri Jesse , Vesterinen Eero Juhani , Klemola Tero 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsUrban green spaces are locations of maximal human activity, forming areas of enhanced risk for tick‐borne disease (TBD) transmission. Being also limited in spatial scale, green spaces form prime targets for control schemes aiming to reduce TBD risk. However, for effective control, the key species maintaining local tick and tick‐borne pathogen (TBP) populations must be identified. To determine how patterns of host utilization vary spatially, we utilized blood meal analysis to study the contributions of voles, shrews, squirrels, leporids and cervids towards blood meals and the acquisition of TBPs of juvenile Ixodes ricinus in urban and sylvatic areas in Finland.Methods and ResultsA total of 1084 nymphs were collected from the capital city of Finland, Helsinki and from a sylvatic island in southwestern Finland, and subjected to qPCR analysis to identify DNA remnants of the previous host. We found significant differences in host contributions between urban and sylvatic environments. Specifically, squirrels and leporids were more common hosts in urban habitats, whereas cervids and voles were more common in sylvatic habitats. In addition to providing 18.4% of larval blood meals in urban habitats, red squirrels were identified as the source of 28.6% (n = 48) of Borrelia afzelii detections and 58.1% (n = 18) of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto detections, indicating an important role for local enzootic cycles.ConclusionsOur study highlights that the key hosts maintaining tick and TBP populations may be different in urban and sylvatic habitats. Likewise, hosts generally perceived as important for upkeep may have limited importance in urban environments. Consequently, targeting control schemes based on off‐site data of host importance may lead to suboptimal results.