bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent Crossover for Data-Driven Multifidelity Topology Design
Authors: Kii Taisei , Yaji Kentaro , Fujita Kikuo , Sha Zhenghui , Conner Seepersad Carolyn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Topology optimization is one of the most flexible structural optimization methodologies. However, in exchange for its high level of design freedom, typical topology optimization cannot avoid multimodality, where multiple local optima exist. This study focuses on developing a gradient-free topology optimization framework to avoid being trapped in undesirable local optima. Its core is a data-driven multifidelity topology design (MFTD) method, in which the design candidates generated by solving low-fidelity topology optimization problems are updated through a deep generative model and high-fidelity evaluation. As its key component, the deep generative model compresses the original data into a low-dimensional manifold, i.e., the latent space, and randomly arranges new design candidates over the space. Although the original framework is gradient free, its randomness may lead to convergence variability and premature convergence. Inspired by a popular crossover operation of evolutionary algorithms (EAs), this study merges the data-driven MFTD framework and proposes a new crossover operation called latent crossover. We apply the proposed method to a maximum stress minimization problem in 2D structural mechanics. The results demonstrate that the latent crossover improves convergence stability compared to the original data-driven MFTD method. Furthermore, the optimized designs exhibit performance comparable to or better than that in conventional gradient-based topology optimization using the P-norm measure.
Experimental Research on an Embedded Heat Source Vapor Chamber for Aerospace Electronic Cooling
Authors: Ren Lianfeng , Zhang Le , Liang Yifu , Su Yujun , Li Xin , Tang Yong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this work, an embedded heat source vapor chamber (EHS-VC) is proposed for efficient and cost-effective heat dissipation in a limited space of aerospace electronics. The effect of the filling liquid mass and the layers of copper mesh under different working conditions on the heat transfer performance is systematically investigated. EHS-VCs are filled by deionized water with different filling liquid mass of 0.5 g, 0.75 g, 1.0 g, 1.25 g, and 1.5 g. The layer numbers of 250 in−1 copper mesh in EHS-VC are 3, 5, and 7. The results indicate that the optimized EHS-VC with a filling liquid mass of 1.0 g and 5 layers of copper mesh shows superior thermal performance among all tested working conditions. The surface temperature distribution of the optimized EHS-VC remains relatively stable and the surface temperature of the optimized EHS-VC increases linearly with heat load. The optimized EHS-VC can achieve a minimum thermal resistance of 0.19 ℃/W and a maximum critical power of 140 W. Compared with diamond/copper composite plate (D/C CP), EHS-VC shows great potential for efficient and cost-effective heat dissipation in a limited space of aerospace electronics, resulting in a 25% reduction in thermal resistance at the same heat load of 140 W.
An In-Depth Comparison of Straight and Wavy Microchannel Heat Exchangers
Authors: Pandey Vishwas Kumar , Negi Vinay Pratap Singh , Ranganayakulu Chennu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper presents extensive fluid flow and Heat-Transfer studies conducted using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package known as CFD-ACE® to elaborate and expand on the reference studies available for ceramic-compact counterflow microchannel heat exchangers (MCHEs). The computational 3D model was developed using an experimentally tested MCHE and validated with experimental data with 3–5% variation for hot fluid and 6–12% variation for cold fluid for the entire design of experiments (DoEs). This study aimed to identify the performance of novel microchannel shapes using numerical analysis. The MCHE has good heat exchange properties, a compact design at industrial throughput, and a lower inner volume. During the study and identification of novel channel shapes, the segmented wavy MCHE was evaluated. The results were compared with those of the same volume and area straight MCHE baseline design under various identical operating conditions. Although the performance in terms of effectiveness is increased up to ∼12–25% in wavy MCHE with respect to straight MCHE simultaneously, the pressure drop is also increased by ∼60–80% under the same operating conditions. Therefore, performance and trade-offs are required to make the correct decision regarding feasibility. The effectiveness of the heat-transfer enhancement was also evaluated by plotting the heat-transfer coefficient ratio with respect to the pressure ratio of the two designs under identical operating conditions. This numerical study clearly indicates that wavy channels are better from the thermal performance point of view, whereas straight channels are better from the pumping power point of view, and the quantitative values are presented in graphical form.
At-home testing for respiratory viruses: a minireview of the current landscape
Authors: Smy Laura , Ledeboer Nathan A. , Wood Macy G. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The landscape of at-home testing using over-the-counter (OTC) tests has been evolving over the last decade. The United States Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization rule has been in effect since the early 2000s, and it was widely employed during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic to authorize antigen and nucleic acid detection tests for use in central laboratories as well as OTC. During the pandemic, the first at-home tests for respiratory viruses became available for consumer use, which opened the door for additional respiratory virus OTC tests. Concerns may exist regarding the public’s ability to properly collect samples, perform testing, interpret results, and report results to public health authorities. However, favorable comparison studies between OTC testing and centralized laboratory test results suggest that OTC testing may have a place in healthcare, and it is likely here to stay. This mini-review of OTC tests for viral respiratory diseases will briefly cover the regulatory and reimbursement environment, current OTC test availability, as well as the advantages and limitations of OTC tests.
Spatiotemporal distribution of giant magnetofossils holds clues to their biological origin
Authors: Xue Pengfei , Chang Liao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Micrometer-size magnetite crystals with peculiar morphologies, such as spearhead, spindle, needle, and giant bullet, known as giant magnetofossils, were previously identified in marine sediments mainly during the Eocene epoch. The origin of these unusual magnetite crystals remains unclear because no known modern analogues have been found, and data about their spatiotemporal distribution are sparse. Here, using electron microscope observations, we performed a large-scale spatiotemporal search for these mysterious magnetite crystals. We report the occurrence of giant magnetofossils in variable marine sedimentary environments, including the first report in modern South Atlantic and Indian Ocean environments and the oldest occurrence at ca. 93 Ma in the North Atlantic Ocean. Grain-size data for the giant magnetofossils in the Southwest Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans suggest that the dimension of spearheads is sensitive to regional environments during similar warming periods but is insensitive to environmental conditions across the distinct geological periods at the same locality. The grain-size distributions of needles and giant bullets do not show significant changes in diverse environments. These observations greatly expand the known temporal and geographic distribution of giant magnetofossils, shedding new light on their likely biological origin.
Cosmological test of dark energy parameterizations in Hořava–Lifshitz gravity
Authors: Chaudhary Himanshu , Molla Niyaz Uddin , Khurana Madhur , Debnath Ujjal , Mustafa G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this work, we assume that the FLRW universe, which is filled with dark matter along with dark energy, is in the framework of Hořava–Lifshitz (HL) gravity. The dark energy is considered as the linear (Model I) and CPL (Model II) parameterizations of the equation of state parameter. For both models, we express the Hubble parameter H(z) in terms of the model parameters and redshift z. To rigorously constrain the model, we have employed a comprehensive set of recent observational datasets, including cosmic chronometers (CC), type Ia supernovae (SNIa), baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), gamma-ray burst (GRB), quasar (Q) and cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). Through the joint analysis of this diverse collection of datasets, we have achieved tighter constraints on the model’s parameters. This, in turn, allows us to delve into both the physical and geometric aspects of the model with greater precision. Furthermore, our analysis has enabled us to determine the present values of crucial cosmological parameters, including $$H_{0}$$

H
0

, $$\Omega _{m0}$$

Ω

m
0

, $$\Omega _{k0}$$

Ω

k
0

and $$\Omega _{\Lambda 0}$$

Ω

Λ
0

. It is noteworthy that our results are consistent with recent findings from Planck 2018, underscoring the reliability and relevance of our models in the current cosmological context. We also conduct analysis of cosmographic parameters and apply statefinder and diagnostic tests to explore the evolution of the Universe. In addition, the statistical analysis suggests that the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model is the preferred model among all our considered models. Our investigation into the models has unveiled intriguing features of the late Universe.
Thermal evolution and axion emission properties of strongly magnetized neutron stars
Authors: Yadav Shubham , Mishra M. , Sarkar Tapomoy Guha , Singh Captain R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmission properties of compact astrophysical objects such as Neutron stars (NSs) are associated with crucial astronomical observables. In the current work, we obtain the mass, pressure profiles of the non-rotating NSs using the modified Tolman Oppenheimer Volkoff (TOV) system of equations in the presence of intense magnetic field. We obtain the profiles by using a specific distance-dependent magnetic field in the modified TOV equations. We employ three different equations of states (EoS) to solve the TOV equations by assuming the core of NSs comprises a hadronic matter. Employing the above profiles, we determine the cooling rates of spherically symmetric NSs as a function of time with and without including the magnetic field using the NSCool code. We have also determined the cooling rates as a function of radius for three different NSs. Furthermore, we determine the luminosity of neutrinos, axions, and photons emitting from the NSs in the presence and absence of a magnetic field for an axion mass 16 meV and three different EoS. Our comparative study indicates that the cooling rate and luminosities of neutrinos, axions, and photons change significantly due to the impact of the strong magnetic field. We also find that due to the magnetic field, the axion mass bound increases slightly compared to without a magnetic field.
Effects of soil moisture variations on the neutron spectra measured above ground: feasibility of a soil moisture monitor system based on neutron moderating cylinders
Authors: Calamida A. , Fontanilla A. , Russo L. , Pietropaolo A. , Pacheco M. A. Caballero , Domingo C. , Ayad R. , Alatawi M. S. , Bedogni R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMapping the soil moisture is a key activity in water management and sustainable agriculture, especially in regions characterised by fragile agri-food systems and water scarcity. Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensors (CRNS) is a contactless nuclear technology used for estimating soil moisture (SM) content on a 20–30 m scale at the landscape level. Very interestingly, this corresponds to the so-called intermediate scale gap between the local probes, operating on the meter scale, and the satellite-based technologies, working on the kilometre scale and above. In state-of-art CRNS, the cosmic neutrons degraded by the soil are simply counted by a slightly moderated thermal neutron counter. After a calibration procedure, the SM is inferred by combining this count rate with environmental parameters: the atmospheric pressure, temperature and the air humidity. As the SM affects not only the environmental neutron fluence rate but also its energy distribution, this study was organised in such a way to understand if a CRNS with spectrometric capabilities could provide improved information on the SM distribution. To this aim, an environmental neutron spectrometer was designed by extending the Bonner Spheres to a more sensitive system made of moderating cylinders embedding long BF$$ _3 $$

3

proportional counters, the Moderating Cylinders Spectrometer (MCS). Relying on literature environmental neutron spectra, corresponding to different SM values in a standardised soil, the count rates in the MCS were calculated for different values of SM. To simulate various counting scenarios, these count rates were associated to different levels of “realistic” uncertainties and unfolded by means of the FRUIT code. The resulting neutron spectra are compared to the literature ones, allowing at estimating the resolving power of the spectrometer in terms of SM.
Insight on the optoelectronic properties of novel quaternary Ge–Se–Tl–Sb non-crystalline glassy alloy films for optical fiber sensing devices
Authors: Ismail A. M. , El-Metwally E. G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChalcogenide glass (Ge0.1Se0.7Tl0.2)85Sb15 is synthesized in bulk form by the melt quenching method and thermally evaporated as thin films. The amorphous character of the studied films is examined by XRD analysis. The values of refractive index ($$n$$
n
) and extinction index ($$k$$
k
) are estimated from transmittance $$T(\lambda )$$

T
(
λ
)

data using Swanepoel’s method and are found to be thickness independent. The values of the indirect optical band gap ($${E}_{g}^{{\text{opt}}}$$

E

g

opt

) and Urbach tail ($${E}_{{\text{U}}}$$

E
U

) energies are 1.164 eV and 0.176 eV, respectively. The optical $${\sigma }_{{\text{opt}}}$$

σ
opt

and electrical $${\sigma }_{{\text{elec}}}$$

σ
elec

conductivities of (Ge0.1Se0.7Tl0.2)85Sb15 films increase while the penetration depth $${P}_{{\text{d}}}$$

P
d

decreases with photon energy ($$h\nu$$

h
ν

). The Wemple-DiDomenico (WDD) oscillator model calculates optical parameters such as single-oscillator $${E}_{{\text{o}}}$$

E
o

and strength $${E}_{{\text{d}}}$$

E
d

energies, lattice dielectric constant $${\varepsilon }_{{\text{L}}}$$

ε
L

and ratio $${\text{N}}/{{\text{m}}}^{*}$$

N
/

m

∗

. The calculated values of third-order susceptibility $${\chi }^{(3)}$$

χ

(
3
)

and nonlinear index of refraction $${n}_{2}$$

n
2

are 6.34 × 10–12 and 3.76 × 10–11 $${\text{esu}}$$
esu
. Dielectric constant $${\varepsilon }^{\prime}$$

ε

′

and loss $${\varepsilon }^{{\prime}{\prime}}$$

ε

′
′

decrement with frequency and increment with temperature. The ac conductivity $${\sigma }_{{\text{ac}}}$$

σ
ac

increases with frequency and temperature, which is proportional to $${\omega }^{s}$$

ω

s

and the exponent $$s$$
s
decreases with temperature. The obtained results of $${\sigma }_{{\text{ac}}}$$

σ
ac

and $$s$$
s
are interpreted via the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. Values of the density of localized states $$N\left({E}_{{\text{F}}}\right)$$

N

E
F

are enhanced with frequency and temperature. The results obtained suggest that $${\varepsilon }^{\prime}$$

ε

′

, $${\varepsilon }^{{\prime}{\prime}}$$

ε

′
′

, $${\sigma }_{{\text{ac}}}$$

σ
ac

and $$N\left({E}_{{\text{F}}}\right)$$

N

E
F

are improved by decreasing the film thickness. These research results emphasize the composition’s applicability for several optical potential applications, like optical fiber sensing devices, photo-detectors, and narrow band optical filters.
Stressing Out Cancer: Chronic Stress Induces Dysbiosis and Enhances Colon Cancer Growth
Authors: McCollum Shannon E. , Shah Yatrik M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Psychologic stress significantly impacts colorectal cancer, and chronic stress is known to decrease treatment efficacy and survival rates in patients with colorectal cancer. Previous studies have linked psychologic stress to changes in the gut microbiota, and the role of the microbiota in colorectal cancer progression is well characterized. Despite this, the mechanistic link between chronic stress and colorectal cancer remains unclear. In this issue of Cancer Research, Cao and colleagues reveal that chronic stress exacerbates colorectal cancer progression by reducing the presence of Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii) and its metabolite protocatechuic acid (PCA). The authors demonstrate an increase in β-catenin expression as the major mechanism by which chronic stress potentiates cancer stemness and pathogenesis. Administration of L. johnsonii or PCA to stressed mice decreased β-catenin activity and colorectal cancer progression. This study defines a precise mechanism underlying chronic stress and colorectal cancer progression, emphasizing the relevance of psychologic well-being in colorectal cancer outcome. In addition, the study demonstrates the potential efficacy of L. johnsonii or PCA supplementation as promising therapeutics for colorectal cancer treatment.
See related article by Cao et al., p. 771
Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in Patients with Non-Breast/Gastroesophageal HER2-Amplified Tumors: Results from the NCI–MATCH ECOG–ACRIN Trial (EAY131) Subprotocol J
Authors: Connolly Roisin M. , Wang Victoria , Hyman David M. , Grivas Petros , Mitchell Edith P. , Wright John J. , Sharon Elad , Gray Robert J. , McShane Lisa M. , Rubinstein Larry V. , Patton David R. , Williams P. Mickey , Hamilton Stanley R. , Wang Jue , Wisinski Kari B. , Tricoli James V. , Conley Barbara A. , Harris Lyndsay N. , Arteaga Carlos L. , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Chen Alice P. , Flaherty Keith T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
NCI–MATCH assigned patients with advanced cancer and progression on prior treatment, based on genomic alterations in pretreatment tumor tissue. Arm J (EAY131-J) evaluated the combination of trastuzumab/pertuzumab (HP) across HER2-amplified tumors.

Patients and Methods:
Eligible patients had high levels of HER2 amplification [copy number (CN) ≥7] detected by central next-generation sequencing (NGS) or through NCI-designated laboratories. Patients with breast/gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma and those who received prior HER2-directed therapy were excluded. Enrollment of patients with colorectal cancer was capped at 4 based on emerging data. Patients received HP IV Q3 weeks until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR); secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results:
Thirty-five patients were enrolled, with 25 included in the primary efficacy analysis (CN ≥7 confirmed by a central lab, median CN = 28). Median age was 66 (range, 31–80), and half of all patients had ≥3 prior therapies (range, 1–11). The confirmed ORR was 12% [3/25 partial responses (colorectal, cholangiocarcinoma, urothelial cancers), 90% confidence interval (CI) 3.4%–28.2%]. There was one additional partial response (urothelial cancer) in a patient with an unconfirmed ERBB2 copy number. Median PFS was 3.3 months (90% CI 2.0–4.1), and median OS 9.4 months (90% CI 5.0–18.9). Treatment-emergent adverse events were consistent with prior studies. There was no association between HER2 CN and response.

Conclusions:
HP was active in a selection of HER2-amplified tumors (non-breast/gastroesophageal) but did not meet the predefined efficacy benchmark. Additional strategies targeting HER2 and potential resistance pathways are warranted, especially in rare tumors.
Abstract A028: Subclonal lineage recording in glioblastoma using CRISPR base editing
Authors: Marshall Abigail C. , McKenna Aaron 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Novel lineage tracing approaches are needed to undercover lineage relationships between diverse cells in complex tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM). Intratumoral heterogeneity in GBM drives treatment resistance and recurrence. This intratumoral heterogeneity is reflected by multiple cellular states seen within tumors and across patients. Unfortunately, little is known about their lineage relationships and shared origins. Here we’ve developed a novel lineage tracing technology to track the clonal and subclonal evolution in patient-derived GBM models. Our adenine base editor lineage tracing (ABELT) system uses a Cas9 adenine base editor (ABE) to induce heritable single-nucleotide changes in the 3’ untranslated region of endogenous transcripts. These heritable marks distinguish individual clonal populations and can be used to trace the relationship between progeny within each clone. We demonstrate our system's in vitro lineage tracing capacity and show that the ABELT system faithfully records lineage, which is recoverable with unmodified single-cell RNA sequencing approaches. We then track the relationships between evolving cellular states across multiple divisions in an evolving GBM model. Our ABELT technology enables the rapid engineering and lineage tracing of cancer models incompatible with previous approaches. This novel approach will enable our group and others to explore GBM intratumoral heterogeneity with subclonal resolution to determine transcriptional plasticity that ultimately leads to treatment resistance.
Citation Format: Abigail C. Marshall, Aaron McKenna. Subclonal lineage recording in glioblastoma using CRISPR base editing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Brain Cancer; 2023 Oct 19-22; Minneapolis, Minnesota. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(5 Suppl_1):Abstract nr A028.