bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Toxicity of 5% Rotenone to Northern Snakeheads
Authors: Lazur Andrew , Early Steve , Jacobs John M. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The confirmation of northern snakeheads Channa argus caught by an angler in a private pond in Maryland resulted in significant media attention and generated numerous resources for risk identification and the development of action plans to prevent the introduction of this nonnative species into state waters. Rotenone was selected as an eradication option, and a bioassay was conducted with captured northern snakehead juveniles to determine toxicity and application dose. The lowest rotenone concentration evaluated, 0.075 mg of active ingredient per liter of water, resulted in 100% mortality within 1 h. Pond treatment was highly successful; 8 adult and 834 juvenile snakeheads were recovered. Study results show that northern snakeheads are susceptible to normal doses of rotenone and that standard pond treatment techniques are effective in eradicating this invasive species.
Factors Affecting Trap-Net Catchability of Black Crappies in Natural Minnesota Lakes
Authors: McInerny Michael C. , Cross Timothy K. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
We quantified the effects of length-group (150–199, 200–249, and 250–299 mm), sampling period (September, October, early spring, and late spring), lake, and intraspecific density on catchability q of black crappies Pomoxis nigromaculatus in trap nets (modified fyke nets) set in eight natural Minnesota lakes during 1996–2001. The catchability of the two larger length-groups exceeded that of the smallest length-group in all lakes. Catchability in early and late spring exceeded that in September or October in most lakes; otherwise, q did not differ among sampling periods. Catchability differed among lakes during September, October, and early-spring sampling periods but did not differ among lakes in late spring. For 150–199-mm fish, q increased with increasing lake surface area during all sampling periods, decreased with increasing shoreline development ratio during all periods, decreased with increasing maximum depth during fall sampling periods, and was unrelated to the percentage of surface area of lakes less than 4.6 m deep. Catchability of the larger length-groups was unrelated to any of these lake morphometric variables. Catchability of 150–199-mm black crappies decreased with increasing density during all sampling periods. However, the q of 200–249-mm black crappies was density independent during early spring and September, decreased with increasing density in October, and may have been density dependent in late spring. For 250–299-mm black crappies, the q in early spring decreased with increasing density, and the q in late spring was density independent. Trap-net catch per unit effort (CPUE) provides more meaningful data on the relative abundance of 200-mm and longer black crappies than it does for smaller black crappies. Comparisons of trap-net CPUE and length-frequency distributions are most meaningful if trap-net samples are collected during the same sampling period and within the same lake.
Testing the Stability of Recreational Fishing Participation Probabilities
Authors: Thunberg Eric M. , Fulcher Charles M. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Forecasts of recreational fishing participation enable managers to anticipate changes in the number of anglers and future demand for fishing opportunities. Projections of recreational fishing participation have typically been calculated by estimating participation probabilities for cohorts of a given population and then applying those probabilities to forecasted changes in population size and demographic composition. The resulting predictions rely on the assumption that the estimated participation probabilities within each demographic cohort are constant over time. We tested this assumption using replicated surveys of marine recreational fishing participation that were conducted in 1994 and again in 2002–2003 for the northeastern U.S. coastal population from Maine to Virginia. Participation probabilities and forecasts obtained from the 1994 survey were compared with both actual participation rates and the estimated participation probabilities in the 2002–2003 survey. Results suggest that participation probabilities among demographic cohorts are not stable over time. Additional avenues for research are identified that could improve predictions of the changing demand for recreational fishing resources.
Comparison of Two External Transmitter Types on Two Sizes of Bluegills and Yellow Perch
Authors: Weimer Eric J. , Duehr Jeremy P. , Brown Michael L. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
We compared two external transmitter styles on two size-classes of bluegills Lepomis macrochirus (laterally compressed) and yellow perch Perca flavescens (fusiform) to determine the effects of (1) even distribution of transmitter weight and (2) transmitter weights above and below the recommended 2% of fish body weight. Fish were collected, acclimated for 3 weeks before transmitter attachment, measured for length and weight, Floy tagged, and randomly assigned to treatments (single-sided transmitter, saddle transmitter, and control). Weight and length of individual fish were recorded every 5 d through day 20 and every 10 d through day 40. On day 40, we classified tag migration, wound redness, and organosomatic indices. Saddle transmitters required the longest handling time of all treatments and did not outperform single-sided transmitters. On day 40, only small yellow perch had gained more weight with saddle transmitters than with single-sided transmitters. Transmitters that exceeded 2% of fish weight slowed bluegill growth, whereas transmitters that were less than 2% of fish weight negatively affected yellow perch growth. Our results suggest that even the distribution of external transmitter weight may be less important than the method of attachment and transmitter weight. Development of improved attachment methods for saddle transmitters may prove beneficial for use in long-term studies of small, fusiform fish.
Sorption of Inorganic and Total Phosphorus from Dairy and Swine Slurries to Soil
Authors: Marshall Sarah K. , Laboski Carrie A. M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTUnderstanding P sorption from animal manures is essential to formulate best management practices with regard to land application of manure from the standpoint of crop production and environmental quality. Little research has focused on the construction of P sorption isotherms where the P source is manure. The objectives of this study were to: (i) develop a procedure to characterize how inorganic P (Pi) and total P (Pt) from dairy slurry and swine slurry sorbs to soil; and (ii) compare the sorption characteristics of Pi and Pt where the P source was dairy slurry, swine slurry, or potassium phosphate (KH2PO4). Sorption solutions were prepared in 0.1 M KCl at pH 6 and equilibrated with soils at a 1:25 (w/v) soil/solution ratio for 24 h. Inorganic P, Pt, Al, and Fe in the equilibrated solutions were measured. For all soils, Pi and Pt sorption capacity of dairy slurry was greater than KH2PO4 Total P sorption capacity of swine slurry was greater than KH2PO4, while Pi sorption capacity was less than KH2PO4 Overall, Pi and Pt sorption strengths of the manure slurries were less than or equal to KH2PO4 Increased Pi sorption from dairy slurry was correlated with Fe and Al desorption. Reduction of Pi sorption capacity from swine slurry was related to preferential sorption of organic P. Additional studies need to be conducted to determine how differences in P sorption between manures and fertilizer impact in‐field P availability to a crop and potential for losses in runoff water.
Is Dew Water Potable? Chemical and Biological Analyses of Dew Water in Ajaccio (Corsica Island, France)
Authors: Muselli Marc , Beysens Daniel , Soyeux Emmanuel , Clus Owen 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTTo determine to what extent dew water is potable without further treatment, a thorough set of chemical and biological analyses were performed on 10 samples of dew water collected on a large scale radiative collector (29.83 m2) in Ajaccio (Corsica Island, France), between 21 May 2002 and 5 Mar. 2003. Samples were collected following four protocols according to the dew volume amount and 48 parameters (ions, minerals, and bacteria) were analyzed and compared to French and European Union legislation and also World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Aluminum and Fe were the main pollutants whose concentrations were significantly larger than recommended. Their presence is due to local deposition of aerosols coming from the Sahara (a characteristic of the Mediterranean basin). A large number of biologically cultivable microorganisms were found, together with bacteria typical of fecal contamination. For dew water to be potable with respect to present legislation at the Ajaccio site, it should be disinfected and treated for turbidity.
Fresh, Stockpiled, and Composted Beef Cattle Feedlot Manure
Authors: Larney Francis J. , Buckley Katherine E. , Hao Xiying , McCaughey W. Paul 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe fate of manure nutrients in beef cattle (Bos taurus) feedlots is influenced by handling treatment, yet few data are available in western Canada comparing traditional practices (fresh handling, stockpiling) with newer ones (composting). This study examined the influence of handling treatment (fresh, stockpiled, or composted) on nutrient levels and mass balance estimates of feedlot manure at Lethbridge, Alberta, and Brandon, Manitoba. Total carbon (TC) concentration of compost (161 kg Mg−1) was lower (P < 0.001) than stockpiled (248 kg Mg−1), which was in turn lower (P < 0.001) than fresh manure (314 kg Mg−1). Total nitrogen (TN) concentration was not affected by handling treatment while total phosphorus (TP) concentration increased with composting at Lethbridge. The percent inorganic nitrogen (PIN) was lower (P < 0.01) for compost (5.1%) than both fresh (24.7%) and stockpiled (28.9%) manure. Composting led to higher (P < 0.05) dry matter (DM) losses (39.8%) compared to stockpiling (22.5%) and higher (P < 0.05) total mass (water + DM) losses (65.6 vs. 35.2%). Carbon (C) losses were higher (P < 0.01) with composting (66.9% of initial) than with stockpiling (37.5%), as were nitrogen (N) losses (46.3 vs. 22.5%, P < 0.05). Composting allowed transport of two times as much P as fresh manure and 1.4 times as much P as stockpiled manure (P < 0.001) on an “as is” basis. Our study looked at one aspect of manure management (i.e., handling treatment effects on nutrient concentrations and mass balance estimates) and, as such, should be viewed as one component in the larger context of a life cycle assessment.
Impact of Land Drainage on Peatland Hydrology
Authors: Holden J. , Evans M. G. , Burt T. P. , Horton M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThere is a long history of drainage of blanket peat but few studies of the long‐term hydrological impact of drainage. This paper aims to test differences in runoff production processes between intact and drained blanket peat catchments and determine whether there have been any long‐term changes in stream flow since drainage occurred. Hillslope runoff processes and stream discharge were measured in four blanket peat catchments. Two catchments were drained with open‐cut ditches in the 1950s. Ditching originally resulted in shorter lag times and flashier storm hydrographs but no change in the annual catchment runoff efficiency. In the period between 2002 and 2004, the hydrographs in the drained catchments, while still flashy, were less sensitive to rainfall than in the 1950s and the runoff efficiency had significantly increased. Drains resulted in a distinctive spatial pattern of runoff production across the slopes. Overland flow was significantly lower in the drained catchments where throughflow was more dominant. In the intact peatlands, matrix throughflow produced by peat layers below 10 cm was rare and produced <1% of the runoff. However, in drained peatlands, matrix throughflow in deeper peat layers was common and provided around 23% of the runoff from gauged plots. Macropore flow, the density of soil piping, and pipeflow were significantly greater in drained peatlands than in intact basins. Gradual changes to peat structure could explain the long‐term changes in river flow, which are in addition to those occurring in the immediate aftermath of peatland drainage.
Leaching and Crop Uptake of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Pig Slurry as Affected by Different Application Rates
Authors: Bergström Lars , Kirchmann Holger 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe influence of increasing pig slurry applications on leaching and crop uptake of N and P by cereals was evaluated in a 3‐yr study of lysimeters filled with a sandy soil. The slurry was applied at N rates of 50 (S50), 100 (S100), 150 (S150), and 200 (S200) kg ha−1during 2 of the 3 yr. The P rates applied with slurry were: 40 (S50), 80 (S100), 120 (S150), and 160 (S200) kg ha−1yr−1Simultaneously, NH4NO3and Ca(H2PO4)2were applied at rates of 100 kg N ha−1and 50 kg P ha−1, respectively, to additional lysimeters (F100), while others were left unfertilized (F0). During the 3‐yr period, the leaching load of total N tended to increase with increasing slurry application to, on average, 139 kg ha−1at the highest application rate (S200). The corresponding N leaching loads (kg ha−1) in the other treatments were: 75 (F0), 103 (F100), 93 (S50), 120 (S100), and 128 (S150). The loads of slurry‐derived N in the S100, S150, and S200 treatments were significantly larger (P< 0.05) than those of fertilizer‐derived N. In contrast, P leaching tended to decrease with increasing input of slurry, and it was lower in all treatments that received P at or above 50 kg P ha−1yr−1with slurry or fertilizer than in the unfertilized treatment. The crop use efficiency of added N and P was clearly higher when NH4NO3and Ca(H2PO4)2were used rather than slurry (60 vs. 35% for N, 38 vs. 6–9% for P), irrespective of slurry application rate. Therefore, from both a production and water quality point of view, inorganic fertilizers seem to have environmental benefits over pig slurry when used on sandy soils.
Transport of Coliphage in the Presence and Absence of Manure Suspension
Authors: Bradford Scott A. , Tadassa Yadata F. , Jin Yan 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTMechanisms of coliphage transport and fate in the presence and absence of manure suspension were studied in saturated column experiments. In the presence of manure suspension, little inactivation of indigenous somatic coliphage occurred and the transport was controlled by deposition. The deposition followed a power law distribution with depth, and the magnitude increased with decreasing sand size. Comparison of the cumulative size distribution of manure components in the suspension initially and after passage through sand, suggested that particles retained by mechanical filtration and/or straining decreased the effective pore size and potentially induced straining of the somatic coliphage. A 2‐site kinetic deposition model was used to estimate the magnitudes of attachment and straining in the presence of manure suspension, and provided a good description of the data. Modeling results indicated that straining accounted for 16 to 42% of the deposited somatic coliphage, and that both straining and attachment increased with decreasing sand size due to smaller pores and higher surface area, respectively. In the absence of manure suspension, ϕX174 (a representative somatic coliphage) and MS2 (a male‐specific RNA coliphage) transport was controlled by inactivation induced by the solid phase. This conclusion was based on comparison of coliphage transport behavior at 5 and 20°C, mass balance information, and numerical modeling. Comparison of somatic coliphage transport data in the presence and absence of manure suspension revealed much higher effluent concentrations in the presence of manure. This difference was attributed to lower inactivation and higher detachment rates. The observed coliphage transport behavior suggests that survival of viruses may be extended in the presence of manure suspensions, and that transport studies conducted in the absence of manure suspension may not accurately characterize the transport potential of viruses in manure‐contaminated environments.
Reactions of substituted furo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxhydrazides and their biological activity
Authors: Ga<parová Renata , Zbojek Daniel , Lácová Margita , Král'ová Katarína , Gatial Anton , Horváth Branislav , Krutošíková Alžbeta 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The reactions of substituted furo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxhydrazides 1 with 5-arylfuran-2-carboxaldehydes 2, 4,5-disubstituted furan-2-carboxaldehydes 3 and thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde 4 has been studied. The advantage of microwave irradiation on some of these reactions was reflected in the reduced reaction time and increased yields. Reactions of 1 with 4-substituted 1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-ones 11 led to diacylhydrazines 13 or to imidazole derivatives 14 depending on the temperature. 1,2,4-Triazole-3-thione 17 was synthesized by two-step reaction of 1 with phenylisothiocyanate and subsequent base-catalyzed cyclization of thiosemicarbazide 16. The effects of hydrazones 5–10 on inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport in spinach chloroplasts and chlorophyll content in the antialgal suspensions of Chlorella vulgaris were investigated.
Sonolysis of chlorobenzene in the presence of transition metal salts
Authors: Stavarache Carmen , Nishimura Rokura , Maeda Yasuaki , Vinatoru Mircea 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSonolysis of aqueous solution of chlorobenzene at 200 kHz frequency in the presence of transition metals chlorides was investigated. Through analyzing the nature and distribution of the products detected in the reaction mixture, a new mechanism of sonodegradation is advanced. Depending on the metals used and their behavior during sonolysis, we were able to discriminate between inside and outside cavitation bubble mechanisms. Iron and cobalt chlorides, which could undergo redox reactions in the presence of HO radicals generated ultrasonically, give higher amounts of phenolic compounds compared with palladium chloride that undergoes a reduction to metal. Palladium reduction takes place in bulk solution and therefore all organic reactions that compete for hydrogen must occur also in bulk solution. Accordingly, palladium can be a useful tool in determining the reaction site and the decomposition mechanism of organic compounds under ultrasonic irradiation.
Composition of extraction products from alkylated high-sulphur coals
Authors: Kozłowski Mieczysław , Wachowska Helena , Yperman Jan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractProducts of reductive and non-reductive methylation of two high-sulphur coals (Mequinenza and Illinois No. 6) have been extracted by dichloromethane. It has been established that the efficiency of the transformation of coal to the products soluble in CH2Cl2 is higher for coals subjected to non-reductive methylation by the Liotta method than for those after reduction in the potassium/liquid ammonia system. The extracts and the extraction residues were subjected to elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and AP-TPR (Atmospheric Pressure-Temperature Programmed Reduction) measurements. It has been shown that the main species undergoing extraction by CH2Cl2 are aliphatic compounds or aromatic structures of low degree of condensation. The effect of the extraction on the sulphur groups in coal has been discussed.
New thallium(III) chloride complexes with pyridine carboxylic acids: from molecular compounds to supramolecular associations
Authors: Toma Monica , Sánchez Agustín , Casas José , Sordo José , García-Tasende María , Castellano Eduardo , Ellena Javier , Berdan Ioan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractReactions of TlCl3 with picolinic acid (Hpic), nicotinic acid (Hnic), isonicotinic acid (Hinic) and 3-hydroxy-picolinic acid (H3hpic) afford the isolation of new chlorothallium(III) complexes. The compounds are characterized by IR, Raman and multinuclear NMR (1H,13C,205Tl). The molecular structures of [TlCl2(pic)(Hpic)]·0.5H2O (1), [TlCl2(nic)(Hnic)] (2), [TlCl(inic)2]·0.6C2H5OH (3) and [TlCl(3hpic)2(h3hpic)] (4) are determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A distorted octahedral TlCl2N2O2 core containing the O,N-chelating ligands is achieved in the monomeric complex 1. The coordination polyhedron in compounds 2–4 is pentagonal bipyramidal, i.e. TlCl2NO4 in 2, and TlClN2O4 in 3 and 4, respectively. O,O′,N-Bridging ligands result in a polymer chain for 2 and a three-dimensional polymeric association in 3, while compound 4 is monomeric (O, N-and O,O-chelating ligands).
Lectures on the functional renormalization group method
Authors: Polonyi Janos 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThese introductory notes are about functional renormalization group equations and some of their applications. It is emphasised that the applicability of this method extends well beyond critical systems, it actually provides us a general purpose algorithm to solve strongly coupled quantum field theories. The renormalization group equation of F. Wegner and A. Houghton is shown to resum the loop-expansion. Another version, due to J. Polchinski, is obtained by the method of collective coordinates and can be used for the resummation of the perturbation series. The genuinely non-perturbative evolution equation is obtained by a manner reminiscent of the Schwinger-Dyson equations. Two variants of this scheme are presented where the scale which determines the order of the successive elimination of the modes is extracted from external and internal spaces. The renormalization of composite operators is discussed briefly as an alternative way to arrive at the renormalization group equation. The scaling laws and fixed points are considered from local and global points of view. Instability induced renormalization and new scaling laws are shown to occur in the symmetry broken phase of the scaler theory. The flattening of the effective potential of a compact variable is demonstrated in case of the sine-Gordon model. Finally, a manifestly gauge invariant evolution equation is given for QED.
Theoretical studies of model thin EuTe films with surface elastic stresses
Authors: Radomska Anna , Balcerzak Tadeusz 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA simple model for the description of thin EuTe films is proposed. The magnetoelastic interactions at the surface are taken into account. The influence of the elastic stresses on magnetic properties of the film is studied, especially with respect to the possibility of antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic phase transitions.
Model calculations in reconstructions of measured fields
Authors: Makai Mihály , Orechwa Yuri 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe state of technological systems, such as reactions in a confined volume, are usually monitored with sensors within as well as outside the volume. To achieve the level of precision required by regulators, these data often need to be supplemented with the solution to a mathematical model of the process. The present work addresses an observed, and until now unexplained, convergence problem in the iterative solution in the application of the finite element method to boundary value problems. We use point group theory to clarify the cause of the non-convergence, and give rule problems. We use the appropriate and consistent orders of approximation on the boundary and within the volume so as to avoid non-convergence.
Homotopy of the classical configuration space for the two-magnon sector of a magnetic Heisenberg ring
Authors: Lulek Barbara , Jakubczyk Dorota 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA finite Heisenberg magnetic ring with an arbitrary single-node spin and two spin deviations from the ferromagnetic saturation is considered as the system of two Bethe pseudoparticles. The set of all relevant magnetic configurations spans a surface which can be recognised as a Mőbius strip. The dynamics of the system imposes the double twist of all regular orbits of the translation symmetry group.