bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epoxy putty external skeletal fixation for fractures of the four main metacarpal and metatarsal bones in cats and dogs
Authors: Emmerson T. , Moores A. P. , Pead M. J. , Puerta B. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThe objective of this retrospective study was to report the clinical use, advantages, disadvantages, complications and outcome of an epoxy putty external skeletal fixator (EPESF) used for the repair of fractures of all four main metatarsal or metacarpal bones in a single limb in 11 dogs and 11 cats. The aim of this technique was to achieve satisfactory alignment of the proximal and distal joints and the digits, rather than anatomical reconstruction of the metacarpal/metatarsal bones themselves. All of the cases achieved fracture union and they all recovered fully without any residual lameness.
Biomechanical comparison of the pullout properties of external skeletal fixation pins in the tibiae of intact and ovariectomised ewes
Authors: Heidari B. , Mahony N. J. , Rackard S. M. , O’Brien F. J. , Lee T. C. , Brennan O. , Kennedy O. D. , FitzPatrick D. , Keeley B. J. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThe pin-bone interface is the least stable component of the external skeletal fixator. Concerns exist regarding the ability to obtain adequate implant purchase in poor quality bone. Consequently, reduced bone quality has been viewed as a contra-indication for the use of external skeletal fixators. The aim of this study was to investigate the holding power of two different fixator pin designs in bone from entire and ovariectomised sheep. Thirty-two aged ewes were divided into two groups. Group 1 were controls, and Group 2 were ovariectomised (OVX). The ewes were sacrificed 12 months postovariectomy and five pairs of tibiae were harvested from each group. The holding power of cortical and cancellous fixator pins was assessed at five standardised locations on each tibia. An increase in mean cortical thickness was noted in the OVX group. The holding power of cancellous fixator pins was superior to that of cortical pins, irrespective of whether or not ovariectomy had been performed. Cancellous pins had an increased holding power in post ovariectomy bone compared to control bone. Cortical pin performance was not affected by ovariectomy. There was a lack of correlation between the incidence of insertional fractures of the far cortex and implant holding power. The results raise questions over the effectiveness of ovariectomy in establishing osteopaenic bone suitable for assessing implant performance, hence further investigations are warranted.
Traumatic fracture of the patella in 11 cats
Authors: Brown G. , Matis U. , Langley-Hobbs S. J. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryTraumatic patellar fracture in cats mainly occurred in male neutered cats with an average age of four years, six months and a mean weight of 4.8 kg. Patellar fractures were concurrent with long bone fractures and cruciate ligament rupture or occurred after gunshot. The patella luxated medially or laterally in four cats. Fracture fragments were usually small, either from the proximal pole (base) or distal pole (apex) or longitudinal fragments. Treatment was by fragment excision when the fragment was small or by reconstruction with pins and wires when fractures were comminuted. The outcome in six cats was reported as ′good′ to ′normal′ and three cats were ′improving′ or had ′mild′ intermittent lameness at the last follow up.
A biomechanical comparison of six different double loop configurations for use in the lateral fabella suture technique
Authors: Cutting E. D. , Sutcliffe M. P. F. , Langley-Hobbs S. J. , Wallace A. M. 
Published: April 2008

SummarySix different double loop configurations which could be applied to the lateral fabella suture (LFS) technique were subjected to in vitro mechanical testing. Three double loop, single strand and three double loop, double strand configurations were tested. The strongest configuration, with a significantly higher mean ultimate load and load at yield, was the interlocking loop configuration. This is a novel configuration which has not previously been reported. The three double loop, single strand configurations all had higher mean ultimate loads than the double loop, double strand configurations. The double strand group with uneven loop length performed very poorly, with significantly lower mean stiffness and ultimate load than all of the single strand groups. This group also developed unacceptably high levels of elongation during high level cyclic loading.
Complication rate, outcome, and risk factors associated with surgical repair of fractures of the lateral aspect of the humeral condyle in dogs
Authors: Reetz J. A. , Brown D. C. , Tucker S. M. , Mayhew P. D. , Morgan O. D. E. 
Published: April 2008

Summary
Objective: To determine outcome, report complications, and risk factors for complications associated with the surgical treatment of fractures of the lateral aspect of the humeral condyle (FLHC) in dogs. Study design: Fifty dogs with FLHC that had been repaired surgically were included in this retrospective case series. Methods: The medical records and radiographs from 50 dogs with FLHC from 1990–2006 were analyzed. Results: The complication rate was 30%. For every 30-minute increase in surgical time the odds of a complication increased by 2.00 (95% CI: 1.06, 3.77). For every 10° increase in the angle between the transcondylar screw and a line between the epicondyles viewed on a craniocaudal radiograph there was a 4.82 (95% CI: 1.23, 18.86) greater odds of an intracondylar fracture gap appearing on postoperative radiographs. When an intracondylar fracture gap was present after surgery there was a 25% long-term radiographic outcome failure rate, whereas there was a 0% radiographic failure rate in the dogs in which an intracondylar fracture gap was not present. In conclusion, transcondylar screw placement parallel to the epicondylar line should be attempted for the repair of FLHC. An increase in surgical time leads to an increase in postoperative complication rate. The presence of an intracondylar fracture gap may be associated with fracture failure. Clinical significance: Screw angulation predisposed to postoperative intracondylar fracture gap which in turn may be associated with higher fracture fixation failure rate. The dogs that had prolonged surgical times had an increased complication rate.
Locking compression plate osteosynthesis of complicated mandibular fractures in six horses
Authors: Kummer M. , Auer J. A. , Nitzl D. , Fürst A. E. , Kuemmerle J. M. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryComplicated mandibular fractures were recognised in one foal, one pony and four horses. The foal was two months old while the adult animals ranged in age from 12 to 24 years. Three horses had a unilateral horizontal ramus fracture. Two fractures were open and one was closed. Comminution was present in one of these patients while the other two horses had marked displacement of the fragments. Two suffered from comminuted fractures of the horizontal and vertical ramus of the mandible. One of these patients had open and infected fractures. One foal had a bilateral horizontal ramus fracture with marked periosteal ‘new bone’ formation and malalignement which required corrective osteotomy. Each horse underwent locking compression plate (LCP) osteosynthesis consisting of open fracture reduction and application of one to three 4.5/5.0 mm LCP at the ventral, lateral or caudal aspect of the mandible under fluoroscopic control. Two 3.5 mm LCP were used in the foal. Plate fixation was supported by application of a cerclage wire construct between the incisor and premolar teeth in most patients. Complete fracture healing, with an excellent functional and cosmetic outcome, was achieved in all of the patients. Complications encountered included seroma formation, screw and wire breakage, as well as implant and apical tooth root infections. The LCP was removed after fracture healing had occurred in four patients.
C,N‐chelated triorganotin(IV) diesters of 4‐ketopimelic acid and their fungicidal activity
Authors: Chalupa Jan , Handlíř Karel , Padělková Zdeňka , Vejsová Marcela , Buchta Vladimír , Jirásko Robert , Rûžička Aleš 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe set of four triorganotin(IV) diesters of 4‐ketopimelic acid containing {2‐[(CH3)2NCH2]C6H4}‐ as a C,N‐chelating ligand was prepared. Their structures were studied by the help of IR, NMR and X‐ray crystallographic techniques in the case of {{2‐[(CH3)2NCH2]C6H4}SnPh2}2[(OOCCH2CH2)2C]. All these compounds are monomeric both in solid state and solution with five‐coordinated tin atoms and medium strong intramolecular SnN connection. The antimycotical activity of these compound was studied and compared with the triorganotin(IV) derivatives of 4‐ketopimelic acid and antimycotical drugs in clinical use. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distal embolization during intracranial carotid artery stenting
Authors: Kawarada Osami , Yokoi Yoshiaki , Izuta Makoto 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIntracranial stenting, with or without balloon angioplasty, has emerged as an effective alternative to medical therapy for intracranial atherosclerosis. However, this strategy appears to involve the potential risk of distal embolization, which may lead to disability and death. Here, the authors have described a successful case of distal balloon‐protected intracranial carotid artery stenting for clinically and angiographically unstable intracarotid artery stenosis revealing aspirated embolic materials containing yellow plaque, red thrombus, and white debris. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel use of a split sheath to maintain vessel access when guidewire exchange is not possible
Authors: Appleby Steven , Mcallister Kent , Kern Morton J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAfter inserting a catheter into a vessel, guidewire exchange technique must be used to maintain vascular access. If the lumen of the catheter is blocked and the guidewire exchange cannot be used, the catheter can only be removed, vascular access is lost, and an alternate vascular approach attempted. We describe a technique to remove the blocked catheter and still maintain vascular access. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cutaneous migration of the StarClose® device
Authors: Aschwanden Markus , Bilecen Deniz , Thalhammer Christoph 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe report the first case of a transcutaneous migration of a vascular clip closure device 10 weeks after placement during femoral artery puncture for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. We postulate focal inflammatory vascular wall changes as the predisposing factor in this patient with giant cell arteritis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stent implantation is effective treatment of vascular stenosis in young infants with congenital heart disease: Acute implantation and long‐term follow‐up results
Authors: Stanfill Robert , Nykanen David G. , Osorio Sandra , Whalen Ruby , Burke Redmond P. , Zahn Evan M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground: Stents implantation in infants has been shown to be feasible, however, there are no published reports examining long‐term outcomes. Concerns exist regarding creation of fixed obstructions secondary to the stent if expansion to larger diameters over time is not possible. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the earliest consecutive series of infants who underwent stent placement at our institution between October 1995 and December 1999. Results: Implantation of 33 stents were attempted in 27 infants, median age = 10 (25–24) months, wt = 8.1 (3.4–14.5) kg. Stents used were as follows: 16 large, 13 medium, and 4 coronary. Acute implant success was 94%. There were three nonprocedure‐related deaths within 30 days of implantation, 1 patient was lost to follow‐up and 1 had acute stent thrombosis. The remaining 22 patients (26 stents) form the long‐term follow‐up study group. Nineteen stents underwent 33 redilations. Following latest redilation, 67.0 (37–113) months postimplantation, minimal luminal diameter increased from 7.0 ± 1.8 mm immediately following implantation to 8.7 ± 2.3 mm (P < 0.001). Seven stents were electively removed/ligated during a planned surgery. All 18 remaining in situ stents are patent without significant obstruction 102 (84–116) months following implantation. There was one late death 51 months after stent implantation. The remaining 21 patients are alive and well. Conclusions: Stent implantation in infants is safe and effective. Serial redilation is possible to keep pace with somatic growth; however, efforts should be made to implant stents with adult diameter potential in children who will not require further cardiac surgery. Implantation of small‐ and medium‐sized stents can provide effective palliation and should be considered in carefully selected infants who will ultimately require future surgery. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion: Novel 3‐dimensional imaging and quantitative analysis
Authors: Dvir Danny , Assali Abid , Kornowski Ran 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions in three dimensions (3D) and to examine the potential yield and added diagnostic value of these reconstructions in planning percutaneous interventional procedures. Methods and Results: The novel CardiOp‐B system for 3D reconstruction of the coronary vessels was used in 302 angiographic images from 58 consecutive patients (86% men; mean age 62 ± 11 years) undergoing interventional treatment for CTO (61 CTOs). The success rate of 3D reconstruction was 83%. When successful, these reconstructions led to a significant improvement in lesion analysis, especially at the stump area and/or missing segment. Importantly, in 92% of the successful 3D reconstructions, the artery path in the lesion area could be delineated. In 95% of cases, in which post‐stenting 3D reconstruction performed, the vessel path was similar to the lesion path suggested before stenting. The mean stenosis area was significantly smaller in the 3D reconstructions vs. 2D images (94 ± 5.1% vs. 99 ± 0.3%, P < 0.001), and the mean lesion length was significantly shorter (15.3 ± 7.4 mm vs. 20.9 ± 8 mm, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In most cases, 3D reconstruction of CTOs can clearly image the stump area, delineate the lesion path, and provide enough information for the clinician to precisely calculate the severity of stenosis and lesion length. 3D reconstructions may serve as a useful tool for planning interventional procedures for CTOs and improving their success rate. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cholangiocyte primary cilia in liver health and disease
Authors: Masyuk Anatoliy I. , Masyuk Tatyana V. , LaRusso Nicholas F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe epithelial cells lining intrahepatic bile ducts (i.e., cholangiocytes), like many cell types in the body, have primary cilia extending from the apical plasma membrane into the bile ductal lumen. Cholangiocyte cilia express proteins such as polycystin‐1, polycystin‐2, fibrocystin, TRPV4, P2Y12, AC6, that account for ciliary mechano‐, osmo‐, and chemo‐sensory functions; when these processes are disturbed by mutations in genes encoding ciliary‐associated proteins, liver diseases (i.e., cholangiociliopathies) result. The cholangiociliopathies include but are not limited to cystic and fibrotic liver diseases associated with mutations in genes encoding polycystin‐1, polycystin‐2, and fibrocystin. In this review, we discuss the functions of cholangiocyte primary cilia, their role in the cholangiociliopathies, and potential therapeutic approaches. Developmental Dynamics 237:2007–2012, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of genes involved in the ciliary trafficking of C. elegans PKD‐2
Authors: Bae Young‐Kyung , Lyman‐Gingerich Jamie , Barr Maureen M. , Knobel Karla M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCiliary membrane proteins are important extracellular sensors, and defects in their localization may have profound developmental and physiological consequences. To determine how sensory receptors localize to cilia, we performed a forward genetic screen and identified 11 mutants with defects in the ciliary localization (cil) of C. elegans PKD‐2, a transient receptor potential polycystin (TRPP) channel. Class A cil mutants exhibit defects in PKD‐2::GFP somatodendritic localization while Class B cil mutants abnormally accumulate PKD‐2::GFP in cilia. Further characterization reveals that some genes mutated in cil mutants act in a tissue‐specific manner while others are likely to play more general roles in such processes as intraflagellar transport (IFT). To this end, we identified a Class B mutation that disrupts the function of the cytoplasmic dynein light intermediate chain gene xbx‐1. Identification of the remaining mutations will reveal novel molecular pathways required for ciliary receptor localization and provide further insight into mechanisms of ciliary signaling. Developmental Dynamics 237:2021–2029, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of a Bulky Bis(carbene)borate Ligand – Contrasting Structures of Homoleptic Nickel(II) Bis(pyrazolyl)borate and Bis(carbene)borate Complexes
Authors: Nieto Ismael , Bontchev Ranko P. , Smith Jeremy M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwofold deprotonation of the “boronium” cation H2B(tBuImH)2+ I– provides access to the bulky bis(carbene)borate ligand H2B(tBuIm)2–. Transfer of the ligand to NiII sources affords the square‐planar, diamagnetic complex Ni[H2B(tBuIm)2]2. The properties of this complex are contrasted with the related bis(pyrazolyl)borate complex Ni[H2B(tBupyr)2]2, which is octahedral and paramagnetic. Density functional theory has been used to evaluate the reasons for the structural differences. Stabilization of the square‐planar geometry by the bis(carbene)borate ligand can be ascribed to its greater donor ability.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A spectral projection method for the analysis of autocorrelation functions and projection errors in discrete particle simulation
Authors: Kaufmann André , Moreau Mathieu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDiscrete particle simulation is a well‐established tool for the simulation of particles and droplets suspended in turbulent flows of academic and industrial applications. The study of some properties such as the preferential concentration of inertial particles in regions of high shear and low vorticity requires the computation of autocorrelation functions. This can be a tedious task as the discrete point particles need to be projected in some manner to obtain the continuous autocorrelation functions.Projection of particle properties on to a computational grid, for instance, the grid of the carrier phase, is furthermore an issue when quantities such as particle concentrations are to be computed or source terms between the carrier phase and the particles are exchanged. The errors committed by commonly used projection methods are often unknown and are difficult to analyse. Grid and sampling size limit the possibilities in terms of precision per computational cost.Here, we present a spectral projection method that is not affected by sampling issues and addresses all of the above issues. The technique is only limited by computational resources and is easy to parallelize. The only visible drawback is the limitation to simple geometries and therefore limited to academic applications.The spectral projection method consists of a discrete Fourier‐transform of the particle locations. The Fourier‐transformed particle number density and momentum fields can then be used to compute the autocorrelation functions and the continuous physical space fields for the evaluation of the projection methods error. The number of Fourier components used to discretize the projector kernel can be chosen such that the corresponding characteristic length scale is as small as needed. This allows to study the phenomena of particle motion, for example, in a region of preferential concentration that may be smaller than the cell size of the carrier phase grid.The precision of the spectral projection method depends, therefore, only on the number of Fourier modes considered. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Stokes equations using divergence‐free approximations
Authors: Montlaur A. , Fernandez‐Mendez S. , Huerta A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method with solenoidal approximation for the simulation of incompressible flow is proposed. It is applied to the solution of the Stokes equations. The interior penalty method is employed to construct the DG weak form. For every element, the approximation space for the velocity field is decomposed as the direct sum of a solenoidal space and an irrotational space. This allows to split the DG weak form into two uncoupled problems: the first one solves for the velocity and the hybrid pressure (pressure along the mesh edges) and the second one allows the computation of the pressure in the element interior. Furthermore, the introduction of an extra penalty term leads to an alternative DG formulation for the computation of solenoidal velocities with no presence of pressure terms. Pressure can then be computed as a post‐process of the velocity solution. Numerical examples demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodologies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilized edge‐based finite element computation of gravity currents in lock‐exchange configurations
Authors: Elias Renato N. , Paraizo Paulo L. B. , Coutinho Alvaro L. G. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractModeling of gravity current flows is important in many problems of science and engineering. Gravity currents are primarily horizontal flows driven by a density difference of few per cents. This phenomenon occurs in many scales in nature, such as ocean and marine flows, sea breeze formation, avalanches, turbidite flows, etc. Most of the gravity current simulations employ structured grid or spectral methods. In this work, we simulate gravity‐driven flows by a parallel stabilized edge‐based finite element code with particular emphasis on the simulation of the lock‐exchange problem for planar and cylindrical configurations. Our results are validated against other highly resolved numerical simulations and experiments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An artificial‐dissipation‐based fractional step scheme for upper‐convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid flow past a circular cylinder
Authors: Liu C.‐B. , Nithiarasu P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe fully explicit characteristic‐based split (CBS) scheme is employed to solve viscoelastic flow problems. The upper‐convected Maxwell (UCM) model is employed in the present study. In addition to allowing equal‐order interpolations for pressure and velocity, the proposed method along with an appropriate artificial damping scheme is able to produce stable solutions for different Deborah numbers (De). The higher‐order time terms introduced by the simplified characteristic Galerkin approximation are sufficient to obtain stable solution at very low De, but an additional damping is essential to maintain positive definitiveness of the conformation tensor at higher De. We demonstrate the need for an additional damping by analysing the basic forward time central space scheme applied to the constitutive equations. A second‐order artificial damping is employed to counteract the negative dissipation introduced by the explicit time discretization. The example studied in this paper is the widely used and difficult problem of flow past a circular cylinder. The results presented show that the velocity and extra stresses converge easily to a steady state at lower De values. At higher De values, the convergence to steady state is slow due to the incremental way in which the artificial damping is added. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.