bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF DYDROGESTERONE ON HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM AND OVARIAN ACTIVITY
Authors: Bishop P. M. F. , Borell U. , Diczfalusy E. , Tillinger K.-G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Some of the pharmacological properties of dydrogesterone (9β,10α-pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione) were studied in the human female. When dydrogesterone was administered by mouth in daily doses of 10 mg for 10 to 14 days to amenorrhoeic women primed with ethinyloestradiol progestational transformation of the endometrium was found in 30 out of 32 artificial cycles. When administration of ethinyloestradiol was not continued until the end of the artificial cycle, break-through bleeding occurred in 30 out of 35 occasions, whereas it took place in only 9 out of 30 cycles, when ethinyloestradiol was given throughout the cycle.
Dydrogesterone was administered in 77 cycles to women with incapacitating dysmenorrhoea from the 5th to the 25th day. When the daily dose was 10 mg, the subsequent period was not incapacitating on 20 out of 31 occasions whereas with daily doses of 15 or 20 mg the corresponding results were 40 out of 46. Forty-eight out of 60 cycles labelled »not incapacitating« were completely painless. No side-effects whatsover were observed.
Studies of basal temperature records in amenorrhoeic and dysmenorrhoeic women indicate that dydrogesterone has no thermogenic activity. When the compound was given to normally menstruating women in daily doses of 10 to 40 mg from the beginning of the cycle, it did not interfere with the characteristic biphasic temperature pattern, with the urinary excretion of oestrogen and pregnanediol or with the formation of a corpus luteum as proved at laparotomy. Even following the administration of as much as 400 mg per day a corpus luteum was found. It is concluded therefore, that dydrogesterone does not inhibit ovulation.
In a previous paper the effect of alterations in the stereochemical configuration of steroid hormones at C-9 and C-10 on their pharmacological properties was reported (Reerink et al. 1960). Among various derivatives of 9β,10α-progesterone (retro-progesterone) tested, one, 9β,10α-pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (hereafter referred to as »dydrogesterone«), see Fig. 1, was found to be a potent progestational agent when administered orally to rabbits (Schöler 1960) and to amenorrhoeic women (Tillinger & Diczfalusy 1960). The purpose of the present communication is to report on some of the pharmacological properties of this compound in the human female.
TRIPHOSPHOPYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE-LINKED DEHYDROGENASES IN THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN MAN; THE EFFECT OF CORTICOTROPHIN AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF ENZYMES
Authors: Studzinski G. P. , Symington T. , Grant J. K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four TPN linked dehydrogenases – Isocitric Dehydrogenase, Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase, 6 Phosphogluconic Dehydrogenase and the Malic Enzyme – were studied in human adrenal cortex and found to be present almost exclusively in the soluble part of the cell sap. The effect of corticotrophin on these enzymes was studied by comparing the enzyme activities in the cortex of the adrenal glands removed before and after corticotrophin administration. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed marked increase in activity after corticotrophin administration. This increase was not parallel to the concomitant weight increase occurring in the adrenal gland. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is uniformly distributed in the »normal« adrenal cortex. After corticotrophin administration however the increase takes place principally in the middle third of the cortex. These findings are discussed in relation to the current theories of the mechanism of corticotrophin action.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF HUMAN PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE
Authors: Laron Zvi , Assa Sara 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human growth hormone (HGH) prepared from human pituitary glands by the method of Raben (1959) showed two components on agar gel electrophoresis. Fraction I corresponded to a slow alpha-globulin, and fraction II had a mobility between alpha and beta-globulin. On agar gel immunoelectrophoresis using HGH and rabbit antiserum to HGH, these two components showed immunological identity. By using agar gel immunoelectrophoresis and the haemagglutination technique HGH preparations of both Raben and Li type were shown to be contaminated with human albumin. Antiserum to human growth hormone containing also antibodies against human albumin was purified by adsorption with human albumin. It is postulated that part of the difficulties encountered in the use of the haemagglutination-inhibition technique to determine growth hormone concentration in serum, is due to impurities in the human growth hormone preparations and antisera to these preparations in use.
STERILIZATION OF MALES BY INTRATESTICULAR ADMINISTRATION OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE
Authors: Kar Amiya B. , Das R. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Administration of CdCl2 directly into the rat testis causes acute and irreversible destruction of the germinal epithelium. The interstitial portion regenerates after an initial phase of atrophy. The minimum effective dose of the salt (150 μg/kg) by this route is about 1/16th of the minimum dose needed to evoke these changes when administered subcutaneously. These effects are restricted to the testis to which CdCl2 is injected; the contralateral one remains unaffected. The testicular changes are specific to Cd as ZnCl2 (50-200 μg/kg) administered in a similar manner, does not influence the testis. Degenerative changes similar in nature and extent to rats, are seen in the testis of rabbits, goats and rhesus monkeys after direct injection. The testis of rabbits seems to be resistant to CdCl2 when administered by the subcutaneous route.
ADRENOCORTICAL ACTIVITY DURING INDUCED HYPOGLYCAEMIA
Authors: Arner Bengt , Hedner Pavo , Karlefors Tord 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Free plasma corticosteroids were determined by a fluorimetric method before and during hypoglycaemia, induced by the intravenous injection of insulin. The investigation was performed on 10 healthy subjects. The hypoglycaemia was most marked 20–30 minutes after the injection of insulin. 40 minutes after the injection of insulin the plasma corticosteroids had reached a value significantly above the pre-injection level. 60 minutes after the insulin injection the plasma corticosteroid level had reached its maximum. The mechanism and the possibility of using the experimental technique as a hypophyseal-adrenocortical function test are discussed.
VERGLEICHENDE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR WIRKUNG VON THYROXIN, TRIJODTHYRONIN, TRIJODTHYROESSIGSÄURE UND TRIJODTHYROPROPIONSÄURE
Authors: Kessler F. J. , Krüskemper H. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male Wistar rats were treated with 1-thyroxine, 1-triiodothyronine, triiodothyroacetic acid and triiodothyropropionic acid in equimolar doses. The catabolic effect (body and organ weight), the variation of the heart weight, the augmentation of tissue respiration, the DNA-content of liver and the activity of enzymes in red blood cells have been compared.
RATIO CORTISONE/CORTISOL IN MOTHER AND INFANT AT BIRTH
Authors: Bro-Rasmussen Frede , Buus Ole , Trolle Dyre 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Specific determinations of cortisone/cortisol in the maternal and cord blood at the time of delivery in 9 normal pregnant women, 2 patients with adrenogenital syndrome, and 1 patient with Addison's disease showed that the cortisone/cortisol ratio was altered from 1:10 in the maternal blood to more than 1:1 in cord blood, presumably due to transhydrogenation in the placenta.
The significance of the alteration in the cortisone/cortisol ratio from mother to infant is discussed.
ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE PANCREATIC ISLETS OF RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES
Authors: Hellerström Claes , Brolin Sven , Larsson Stig , Hellman Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Histochemical methods for acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were applied to the islets of Langerhans in rats of different ages. It was not possible to demonstrate any specific glucose-6-phosphatase activity, since at the pH optimum of this enzyme, both glucose-6-phosphate and sodium-β-glycerophosphate were hydrolyzed; the more intense reaction occurring with the latter substrate. At the end of the intrauterine life there was a marked acid phosphatase reaction, which appeared unchanged during the first 10 days of postnatal life but was considerably weaker in adult rats. The occurrence of a smaller number of non-reacting cells in the islet periphery was assumed to be evidence that there was no demonstrable acid phosphatase activity in one or both types of A cells. The considerable reaction found in the islets of foetuses and young rats might reflect the maturation and rapid proliferation of these cells during early stage of life.
ADDISON'S DISEASE AND HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Stewart W. K. , Green D. M. , Lowe K. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The association of Addison's disease and hyperthyroidism is rare since a review of the world literature revealed only 13 cases which showed considerable diversity in their clinical features. The case is described here of a 40 year old man who developed Addison's disease and, two years later, hyperthyroidism with typical exacerbation of Addison's disease. Treatment of Addison's disease with replacement therapy and of hyperthyroidism with carbimazole followed by radio-active iodine was satisfactory. The patient's serum contained no adrenal antibodies but there were thyroid antibodies which were probably only of secondary importance. Study of such cases might have been expected to be rewarding in casting light on the thyro-adrenal axis, particularly in regard to the problem of whether there is reciprocal relationship between secretion by the pituitary gland of corticotrophin and thyrotrophin. Review of the recent literature however shows much diversity of opinion as to the existence or importance of any specific inter-relationship between adrenocortical and thyroid function and study of the reported case and review of earlier clinical reports of associated Addison's disease and hyperthyroidism shed no light on the problem. The association of these two endocrinopathies may therefore be only fortuitous.
DARSTELLUNG VON GONADOTROPIN AUS MENSCHLICHEN HYPOPHYSEN
Authors: Bettendorf Gerhard , Apostolakis Michael , Voigt Klaus D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Approximately 3000 human hypophyses were processed by a modification of the method of König & King (1950) in order to obtain potent gonadotrophic extracts. The final product, fraction E3, was found to have a total gonadotrophic activity of 200 HMG U./mg in the mouse uterus test and was 10 times as active as the FSH standard NIH-FSH-S 1 in the HCG augmentation test. MSH, ACTH and LTH contamination was insignificant. The specific activities obtained in other laboratories (Gemzell et al. 1958, 1960; Li 1960; Steelman et al. 1953, 1958, 1959) are not substantially higher. It may therefore be concluded that our relatively simple procedure is just as efficient as the more complicated, time consuming methods referred to above. Furthermore the overall recovery of our method seems to be higher. Attempts were made to obtain a further purification of fraction E3 by means of CMC, Sephadex and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and also by means of flow-stream electrophoresis. DEAE Sephadex chromatography results in a slight increase in specific activity, which was, however, combined with a substantial overall recovery loss. The other fractionation methods employed gave no satisfactory results. A complete separation of FSH and ICSH activity even by means of CMC chromatography was not obtained. The total gonadotrophic activity per hypophysis was found to be approximately 1000 HMG units (average in unselected batches of hypophyses from various pathology institutes). Estimation in single hypophyses of men and women above the age of 45 resulted in higher values. Single estimations of total gonadotrophin activity in hypophyses of foetuses and of pregnant women have very low values, while in the hypophyses of children no gonadotrophic activity could be detected.
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF THYROTROPHIC HORMONE IN MAN
Authors: Skanse Bengt , von Studnitz Wilfried 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolic effects of prolonged administration of thyrotrophic hormone were studied in 5 euthyroid subjects and in 1 patient who had been subjected to total thyroidectomy. Thyrotrophic hormone (TSH) had no effect in the thyroidectomized patient, thus showing that the metabolic effects were mediated by stimulation of the thyroid. In the euthyroid subjects the TSH caused an increase in thyroid activity as judged by the rise in basal metabolic rate (BMR) and serum protein-bound iodine (PBI) and the clinical symptoms.
The administration of TSH resulted in:
elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and in an increase of the fibrinogen, haptoglobin, coeruloplasmin and total hexose content of the serum;
an increase of α1-, α2-, and β2-globulins and smaller and less consistent changes in the albumin and β1- and γ-globulins, i. e. changes of the type seen in acute infections or acute inflammatory diseases;
a fall in the total serum lipids, cholesterol and phospholipids, and less consistent changes in the α- and β-lipoproteins.
During continued administration of TSH all the above mentioned metabolic effects tended to level off and/or disappear, probably owing to formation of antibodies.
Withdrawal of TSH was followed by a rebound phenomenon, presumably because of diminished production of thyroid hormone.
From the clinical point of view the possibility of increased thyroid function being a cause of elevated ESR and of the serum proteins changes resembling those seen in acute inflammatory processes should perhaps be considered.
CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE LA FORMATION D'ANDROGENES PAR L'OVAIRE. II
Authors: Seeman A. , Saracino R. T. , Guerin P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The comparison between the level of the 17-ketosteroids in the blood of the ovarian vein and in the peripheral blood as well as the decrease of these steroids after castration shows that the ovary produces androgens and pours them in the general circulation.
The new results we are presenting confirm our preceding finding and bring the supplementary notion of a conjugation of the 17-ketosteroids by the ovary.
INTERACTIONS OF OESTROGENS AND ANDROGENS ON THE MAMMARY GLAND AND GROWTH OF OTHER TISSUES IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS TREATED WITH INSULIN, CORTISONE AND THYROXINE
Authors: Jacobsohn Dora 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a previous study it was found that oestrogens are necessary for androgens to elicit a development of alveolar lobules in the mammary glands of rats. Since androgens and oestrogens exert synergistic as well as antagonistic actions on mammary glands of e. g. rabbits, the significance of oestrogens in the response of the mammary gland to androgens was further investigated in the rat. The experiments were designed according to the same principles as previously, that is, the response of the gland itself to oestrogens was modified. This was achieved by treatment of hypophysectomized rats with a) thyroxine (negligible response) and b) thyroxine, cortisone and insulin (marked response). The effect of endogenous androgens was studied in males injected with PMS with or without oestrogens. Gonadectomized rats were injected with testosterone and oestrogens.
No oestrogens given: The mammary glands of hypophysectomized males injected with PMS showed an abnormal response, irrespective of simultaneous treatment with thyroxine, cortisone and insulin in various combinations. The result confirms previous work with testosterone. Negligible response of the mammary glands to oestrogens: In hypophysectomized rats treated with thyroxine, oestrogens and PMS or testosterone, the response of the glands was uniform and abnormal. The absence of end buds indicated that the response to oestrogens, if present at all, was suppressed by the androgens. Marked response of the mammary glands to oestrogens: In hypophysectomized rats treated with thyroxine, cortisone and insulin another response of the glands to androgens and oestrogens was found. Besides abnormal structures, alveolar lobules were present. The changes produced with different doses of testosterone and oestrone indicated a complicated interplay of the two hormones.
Confirming previous observations, records of the length and weight of the body and of the weight of the liver and heart revealed marked growth in the hypophysectomized rats treated with thyroxine, cortisone and insulin.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ERGOCORNINE METHANESULPHONATE ON THE LUTEOTROPHIC FUNCTION OF THE RAT PITUITARY GLAND
Authors: Zeilmaker G. H. , Carlsen R. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of a single administration of 1 mg ergocornine methane-sulphonate to female rats with functional corpora lutea have been studied. It was shown that: 1) Injection of ergocornine into hypophysectomized rats bearing an autotransplanted pituitary brought about morphological changes in the corpora lutea; 2) In intact rats bearing two isologous pituitaries a prolonged period of leucocytic vaginal smear was found following an ergocornine-induced oestrus, indicating that the secretion of luteotrophic hormone was resumed after drug treatment; 3) Administration of ergocornine to lactating rats temporarily inhibited milk production, the effect being prevented by treatment with luteotrophic hormone.
These studies indicate that the effects of ergocornine administration to intact female rats such as failure to develop decidual tissue as a response to uterine traumatization and the interruption of the leucocytic vaginal smear by oestrus, are the result of a temporary inhibition of the secretion of luteotrophic hormone by the pituitary. This brings about irreversible changes in the corpus luteum. The subsequent progesterone deficiency is responsible for the failure of the decidual tissue to develop and for the onset of oestrus three days after the administration of the drug.
TRANSFORMATION OF Δ5-ANDROSTENE-3,17-DIONE TO A Δ5-3α-HYDROXYSTEROID IN MAN
Authors: Fukushima David K. , Williams Kenneth I. H. , Zumoff Barnett , Gallagher T. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
3α-Hydroxy-Δ5-androsten-17-one has been isolated following intramuscular administration of Δ5-androstene-3,17-dione to man. There was very little or no conversion to 3β-hydroxy-Δ5 epimer. Significant amounts of androsterone and aetiocholanolone were obtained.
THE HEXOSAMINE CONTENT OF THE ORBIT IN RELATION TO ANTI-THYROTROPHIN ANTIBODY TITRES IN SERA OF THYROTROPHIN-TREATED RABBITS WITH AND WITHOUT CORTISONE ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Wegelius Otto , Jokinen E. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In all previous investigations on experimental exophthalmos, heterologous thyrotrophic pituitary extracts have been used. These protein hormones stimulate antihormone formation in the test animals. Cortisone has been reported to effectively block antibody formation. In addition, it has been shown to potentiate TSH-induced exophthalmos in guinea-pigs. With rabbits as test animals, the hexosamine content of the orbital tissues was determined and used as an index of exophthalmos development and at the same time the antibody titres in the sera were followed. TSH injections for six weeks led to a highly significant accumulation of hexosamine in the retrobulbar connective tissue and in the extraocular muscles, i. e. an increase of up to 400% as compared with the control animals. At the same time a significant rise in antihormonal titres was detectable in the sera. Concomitant treatment with cortisone brought about an equal or higher accumulation of hexosamine but significantly lower antibody titres. The known opposite peripheral actions of TSH and cortisone can be reconciled with the synergy in producing experimental exophthalmos by attributing the synergetic action of cortisone to the blocking of antihormone formation. If less antihormones are produced, the effect of TSH is enhanced. Our experiments do not provide direct proof for this hypothesis. High hexosamine values in the orbit and low antihormone titres in the serum are, however, concomitant phenomena.
PRODUCTION RATE OF PROGESTERONE IN HUMAN MIDPREGNANCY
Authors: Ejarque Peter M. , Bengtsson Lars Ph. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Progesterone-4-14C was injected i. v. into three women in midpregnancy, and the amount of steroid responsible for dilution was determined by the isotope dilution method from the specific activity of pregnanediol diacetate isolated from urine collected for 24 h. Progesterone-4-14C was injected i. v. into a woman in midpregnancy one week before and immediately after removal of the placenta (and foetus). The daily amount of steroid responsible for dilution was determined as above on 4 consecutive days before and after removal of the conceptus.
From the data the following could be calculated:
The rate of progesterone production in midpregnancy: 75.5 mg/24 h. About 70% of this is produced by the placenta and about 30% by extraplacental sources. The amount of steroid stored in tissues and participating in the dilution: 27.4 mg. The extra-placental production of progesterone decreases after removal of the placenta.
EFFECTS OF IMPLANTATION OF CORTISOL INTO THE BRAIN STEM OR PITUITARY GLAND ON THE ADRENAL RESPONSE TO STRESS IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Smelik Peter G. , Sawyer Charles H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Small amounts of crystalline cortisol were implanted into the brain stem or the pituitary gland of rabbits; subsequently the adrenal response to immobilization stress was measured (as indicated by the rise in plasma corticoids) at weekly intervals for several weeks after implantation. The stress-induced adrenal activation was inhibited by implants into the anterior portion of the median eminence, the post-optic region and, to a lesser extent, the antero-medial part of the hypothalamus, between the supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei and the median eminence. No observable effect was induced by similar implants into the posterior hypothalamus, mesencephalon and adenohypophysis. Little correlation could be noted between inhibition of adrenal function and decline of adrenal weight.
HEXURONIC ACID, HEXOSAMINE, AND RADIOSULPHATE UPTAKE IN OVARIES OF MYXOEDEMATOUS RABBITS
Authors: Thorsøe Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
One month after radical surgical thyroidectomy, 13 out of 28 rabbits had raspberry-like polycystic ovaries.
Thyroidectomy increased the content of water, hexuronic acid, and the in vivo uptake of 35S-labeled sulphate in acid mucopolysaccharides.
There is parallelism between, on the one hand, the ovarian contents of hexosamine and hexuronic acid, and on the other, between the 35S-labeled sulphate uptake in the ovary and the uptake of 35S-labeled sulphate in the fraction of acid mucopolysaccharides.