bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bexarotene increases uptake of radioiodide in metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Liu Ying Y , Stokkel Marcel P , Pereira Alberto M , Corssmit Eleonora P , Morreau Hans A , Romijn Johannes A , Smit Johannes W A 
Published: March 2006

Objective: Treatment options for metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) are limited due to decreased uptake of radioiodide (I-131). Therefore, strategies to improve I-131 uptake are mandatory. It has been suggested that retinoids have beneficial effects on iodide uptake in vitro and in humans. However, to date, only studies with 13-cis-retinoic acid have been performed in humans. We therefore decided to study the effects of 6 weeks of treatment with the retinoid X receptor activator bexarotene on I-131 uptake in patients with metastatic DTC.
Design: Open prospective intervention study.
Methods: Twelve patients with metastases of DTC, with insufficient uptake of I-131, received 6 weeks of treatment with 300 mg bexarotene/day. Prior to, and after this intervention, I-131 uptake was measured by whole-body scintigraphy and single photon emission tomography (SPECT) 3 days after 185 MBq I-131. Diagnostic imaging was preceded by two consecutive injections of recombinant human TSH.
Results: Bexarotene treatment induced I-131 uptake in metastases of 8 out of 11 patients (one patient died for reasons not related to the study). However, uptake was only discernable at SPECT and had incomplete matching with metastases as visualized by CT scanning.
Conclusions: Bexarotene partially restores I-131 uptake in metastases of DTC. The clinical relevance of this observation may be limited due to the differential responses of the different metastases within each patient and the low intensity of I-131 uptake.
Positive effects of a physiological dose of GH on markers of atherogenesis: a placebo-controlled study in patients with adult-onset GH deficiency
Authors: Bollerslev Jens , Ueland Thor , Jørgensen Anders P , Fougner Kristian J , Wergeland Ragnhild , Schreiner Thomas , Burman Pia 
Published: March 2006

Objective: GH deficiency is associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality. Fifty-five patients with adult-onset GH deficiency (AO-GHD) (24 female, 31 male, mean age 49 years) were enrolled in a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study to investigate the effects of GH therapy on a variety of cardiovascular risk factors representing different aspects of atherogenesis, including apolipo-proteins (Apo A-1, Apo B), markers of subclinical inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6) and markers of endothelial function (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, von Willebrand factor and sCD40L (a pro-atherogenic factor and marker for plaque destabilization)).
Methods: GH therapy was individually dosed to obtain an IGF-I concentration within the normal range for age and sex. GH and placebo were administered for 9 months each, separated by a 4 month washout period.
Results: The final mean dose of GH was 50% higher for women and IGF-I increased to the same level in both sexes. Compared with placebo, substitution with GH showed a significant effect on Apo B (mean change −0.15 (−0.22 to −0.08) mg/l) and CRP (−1.8 (−3.3 to −0.3) mg/l). The baseline level of and change in IGF-I during treatment with GH contributed significantly to the improvement in both markers. No effects were found on interleukin-6 or Apo A-1, or on markers of endothelial function. No gender differences were observed for any of the markers at baseline or following intervention.
Conclusions: GH substitution to naïve patients with AO-GHD at a low, individually titrated dose aiming at normalizing IGF-I was followed by significant reductions in Apo B and CRP, indicating a positive effect of GH on cardiovascular risk.
The effects of the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole on bone metabolism and cardiovascular risk indices in ovariectomized, androgen-treated female-to-male transsexuals
Authors: Bunck Mathijs C M , Toorians Arno W F T , Lips Paul , Gooren Louis J G 
Published: March 2006

Objective: Cases of men with estrogen resistance and aromatase deficiency have highlighted the effects of estrogens on bone metabolism, the cardiovascular system and biochemical variables of the metabolic syndrome. In eugonadal men, administration of an aromatase inhibitor induces a substantial elevation of LH and testosterone due to the decreased negative-feedback signal of estrogen and may thwart the interpretation of results. As there is no gonad for LH to act on, no increase of serum testosterone concentration will be seen in female-to-male transssexuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of estrogen deprivation on bone metabolism and vascular parameters without the interference of counter-regulatory effects as seen in eugonadal men.
Design: Thirty ovariectomized female-to-male transsexuals participated in this double-blind, randomized trial. During 3 months, subjects received the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole 1 mg/day (n = 16) or a placebo (n = 14) in addition to parenteral testosterone esters (Sustanon 250 every 2 weeks).
Results: Serum 17β-estradiol (E2) concentration fell significantly from 134.0 ± 78.8 to 77.7 ± 130.6 pmol/l compared with placebo (P < 0.01). LH and FSH levels rose without the rise of testosterone levels observed in eugonadal men. Within the placebo group, E2 remained at baseline levels. Of the endpoint variables measured (bone metabolism and vascular parameters) no significant changes were observed compared with placebo, or within the anastrozole-treated group.
Conclusions: These results may indicate that the negative effects of estrogen deprivation in men only become manifest when the concentration falls below the levels induced by our intervention with anastrozole (77 pmol/l). This assumption is supported by the observation in the anastrozole group that, although effects of the reduction of serum E2 on vascular parameters could not be demonstrated in subjects as a group, there was a correlation between individual serum E2 and several vascular parameters.
Effect of a 4 week physical training program on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance
Authors: Oberbach Andreas , Tönjes Anke , Klöting Nora , Fasshauer Mathias , Kratzsch Jürgen , Busse Martin W , Paschke Ralf , Stumvoll Michael , Blüher Matthias 
Published: March 2006

Objective: Subclinical chronic inflammation could be a unifying factor linking type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerosis. The beneficial effects of physical activity on a reduced risk of coronary heart disease could at least in part be mediated by improved markers of inflammation.
Research design and methods: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 4 weeks of physical training on plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin and IL-10 in 60 individuals with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2D.
Results: In patients with IGT and T2D, significant improvement in body fat, fitness level, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks of physical training was associated with significantly improved plasma concentrations of adiponectin and CRP, but not IL-6. Regression analysis demonstrated only for the anti-inflammatory parameters adiponectin and IL-10 a significant relationship with the decrease in fasting plasma glucose, whereas changes in IL-6 and CRP were not significantly related to changes in fasting plasma glucose, body fat, maximal oxygen uptake, or insulin sensitivity. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, only changes in circulating adiponectin, fasting plasma glucose and percentage body fat were determinants of changes in insulin sensitivity.
Conclusions: Physical training was associated with a near normalization of adiponectin and CRP plasma concentrations in subjects with IGT and T2D. Increased insulin sensitivity after training was most strongly related to changes in adiponectin plasma concentrations, in fasting plasma glucose and percentage body fat, whereas changes in IL-6, IL-10 and CRP plasma concentrations did not significantly contribute to improved insulin sensitivity.
UV Effects on Marine Planktonic Food Webs: A Synthesis of Results from Mesocosm Studies
Authors: Belzile Claude , Demers Serge , Ferreyra Gustavo A. , Schloss Irene , Nozais Christian , Lacoste Karine , Mostajir Behzad , Roy Suzanne , Gosselin Michel , Pelletier Emilien , Gianesella Sônia M. F. , Vernet Maria 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTUV irradiance has a broad range of effects on marine planktonic organisms. Direct and indirect effects on individual organisms have complex impacts on food‐web structure and dynamics, with implications for carbon and nutrient cycling. Mesocosm experiments are well suited for the study of such complex interrelationships. Mesocosms offer the possibility to conduct well‐controlled experiments with intact planktonic communities in physical, chemical and light conditions mimicking those of the natural environment. In allowing the manipulation of UV intensities and light spectral composition, the experimental mesocosm approach has proven to be especially useful in assessing the impacts at the community level. This review of mesocosm studies shows that, although a UV increase even well above natural intensities often has subtle effects on bulk biomass (carbon and chlorophyll), it can significantly impact the food‐web structure because of different sensitivity to UV among planktonic organisms. Given the complexity of UV impacts, as evidenced by results of mesocosm studies, interactions between UV and changing environmental conditions (e.g. eutrophication and climate change) are likely to have significant effects on the function of marine ecosystems.
A Comparative Pilot Study on Ultraviolet‐induced Skin Changes Assessed by Noninvasive Imaging Techniques in Vivo
Authors: Gambichler Thilo , Huyn Julia , Tomi Nordwig S. , Moussa Georg , Moll Cornelia , Sommer Anna , Altmeyer Peter , Hoffmann Klaus 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTThe effects of acute and chronic ultraviolet (UV) on the morphology of human skin have been extensively studied ex vivo by means of histological investigations. However, innovative skin imaging techniques enable visualization of micromorphological structures in vivo. We aimed to perform a correlation study evaluating in vivo dose and time dependent skin changes following solar‐simulated irradiation using noninvasive techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The forearms of 10 healthy subjects were exposed to 1 minimal erythema dose (MED) and 3 MED of solar‐simulated radiation. Noninvasive measurements were performed before and 24 h and 72 h after UV exposures. We demonstrate definite OCT and CLSM findings obtained from UV‐exposed skin, including an increase in epidermal thickness (hyper‐proliferation, acanthosis), a reduction in dermal reflectivity (dermal edema), an increase in brightness of the basal layer (pigmentation), and an increase in vessel diameter within the dermal papillae (vasodilatation). A moderate to strong linear association between the methods employed was observed. In conclusion, noninvasive high‐resolution imaging techniques such as OCT and CLSM may be promising tools for photobiological studies aimed at assessing photoadaptive and/or phototoxic processes in vivo. However, larger studies are needed to demonstrate the applicability of the findings presented in this pilot study.
Influence of Planarity and Size on Guest Binding with Sodium Cholate Aggregates
Authors: Waissbluth Oscar L. , Morales Marlene C. , Bohne Cornelia 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTBile salt aggregates are supramolecular structures with two types of binding sites, called primary and secondary sites. The objective of this work was to explore how the nonplanarity and size of guests (biphenyl [BP], 1‐1′‐binaphthyl [BNP] and dibenz[b,f]oxepin [DBX]) affected their binding affinity and dynamics to sodium cholate (NaC) aggregates. Fluorescence and laser‐flash photolysis experiments were performed to obtain information on the binding environment for the guests, the accessibility of quenchers to guests in the aggregate and the dissociation rate constants of the guests from the aggregates. All guests were bound to the more hydrophobic primary aggregate, showing that this site can accommodate nonplanar molecules. However, the structure of the guest affects the structure of the primary aggregates, leading to changes in the accessibility of anions to aggregate‐bound guests and to changes for the guest dissociation rate constants from the aggregates.
Mock‐suspects' decisions to confess: the accuracy of eyewitness evidence is critical
Authors: Kebbell Mark R. , Hurren Emily J. , Roberts Shannon 
Published: March 2006

AbstractForty participants were asked to commit a mock‐crime that involved them stealing a cell‐phone. Later the mock‐offenders were questioned and evidence was presented to them from a witness who was said to have seen the offence. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in which they were presented with a witness statement that either contained detailed information concerning their description and their actions, or not‐detailed information. For half the participants in each condition the information was correct, while for the other half some of the information was incorrect. The results show that participants were more likely to confess if the evidence against them was accurate, but the level of detail of the evidence made no difference. Participants who had accurate evidence presented against them felt more guilty than those who had less accurate evidence against them. The results are discussed in relation to police interviewing techniques. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new blind source separation method based on fractional lower‐order statistics
Authors: Zha Daifeng , Qiu Tianshuang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe proposed neural network structures related to multilayer feed‐forward networks for performing blind source separation (BSS) based on fractional lower‐order statistics. As alpha stable distribution process has no its second‐ or higher‐order statistics, we modified conventional BSS algorithms so that their capabilities are greatly improved under both Gaussian and lower‐order alpha stable distribution noise environments. We analysed the performances of the new algorithm, including the stability and convergence performance. The analysis is based on the assumption that the additive noise can be modelled as alpha stable process. The simulation experiments and analysis show that the proposed class of networks and algorithms is more robust than second‐order‐statistics‐based algorithm. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surfactant Systems: A Survey of the Transcontinental Gas Pipeline from Houston to New Jersey
Authors: Morozov Petia 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe Transcontinental Pipeline, Transco, is a 10,560‐mile line that traverses the US, transporting natural gas from its source in the Gulf of Mexico to the East Coast. Petia Morozov describes the postwar engineering feat that made the pipeline a reality, and also reveals the web of myriad agreements, with often diametrically opposed parties or interests, that support its rights of way and management. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Squatting Geometries ‐ Guerilla Barcelona: Technological Appropriations of the Over‐Planned City
Authors: Luis José , Manau Echeverria , Mansilla Jordi , Jorge Ortoneda , Solano Perea 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn the 1980s, Barcelona became the darling of urban regeneration. Its mayor and city authorities gained awards and recognition the world over. However, 111 architects José Luis Echeverría Manau, Jordi Mansilla Ortoneda and Jorge Perea Solano depict a very different, more sinister view of the city's development, in which the metropolis has been reshaped to serve private rather than civic interests. They explain how subversive citizens' groups are hitting back and realising their collective power through the strategic, yet often spontaneous use of portable communication and remote‐sensing technologies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2005
Authors: Melvin Jeremy 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe Serpentine Gallery Pavilion is a unique programme that commissions architecture for art's sake. It provides innovative architects, who have not previously built in the UK, with the opportunity to design a cutting‐edge structure for a summer show. Jeremy Melvin describes how Portuguese masters Alvaro Siza and Eduardo Souto de Moura, in collaboration with Cecil Balmond of Arup, have produced ‘an urban design’ that is perfectly calibrated to respond to its Hyde Park setting. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐Dimensionally Ordered Gold Nanocrystal/Silica Superlattice Thin Films Synthesized via Sol–Gel Self‐Assembly
Authors: Fan H. , Wright A. , Gabaldon J. , Rodriguez A. , Brinker C. J. , Jiang Y.‐B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNanocrystals and their ordered arrays hold many important applications in fields such as catalysis, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy based sensors, memory storage, and electronic and optical nanodevices. Herein, a simple and general method to synthesize ordered, three‐dimensional, transparent gold nanocrystal/silica superlattice thin films by self‐assembly of gold nanocrystal micelles with silica or organosilsesquioxane by spin‐coating is reported. The self‐assembly process is conducted under acidic sol–gel conditions (ca. pH 2), ensuring spin‐solution homogeneity and stability and facilitating the formation of ordered and transparent gold nanocrystal/silica films. The monodisperse nanocrystals are organized within inorganic host matrices as a face‐centered cubic mesostructure, and characterized by transmission electron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction.
High prevalence and correlates of low bone mineral density in young adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Miller Redonda G. , Segal Jodi B. , Ashar Bimal H. , Leung Sophia , Ahmed Shamim , Siddique Shabina , Rice Tasha , Lanzkron Sophie 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a prevalent genetic disorder in which sickle hemoglobin leads to tissue hypoxia and adverse effects on bone. Published studies suggest that children with SCD often have undiagnosed osteopenia or osteoporosis. Minimal data exist on the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in adults. Our objective was to describe the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in adults with SCD and to identify patient or disease characteristics associated with low BMD. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of adults with SCD. Through questionnaires, we collected data about disease course and osteoporosis risk factors. Patients underwent dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement of BMD at the hip, spine, and forearm and sampling of blood and urine for markers of bone turnover, sickle cell disease severity, and secondary causes of osteoporosis. Our main outcome measure was prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis as defined by WHO criteria. Of 32 adults with SCD (14 men and 18 women) with a mean age of 34 years, 72% (95% confidence interval 53–86%) had low BMD at one or more anatomic sites. Thirteen patients were classified as osteoporotic and 10 as osteopenic. The prevalence of low BMD was greatest in the lumbar spine (66% of patients). Significant correlates of decreased BMD included low BMI (P < 0.01), male sex (P = 0.02), and low serum zinc concentrations (P < 0.01). The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in young adults with SCD is extremely high. Further research is needed to address fracture risk and therapeutic interventions. Am. J. Hematol. 81:236–241, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
False‐negative factor V Leiden genetic testing in a patient with recurrent deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Libby Edward N. , Booker Jessica K. , Gulley Margaret L. , Garcia David , Moll Stephan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFalse‐negative genetic testing of the factor V Leiden (fVL) mutation is unusual. We report a case of a young woman with a history of deep venous thrombosis tested for the fVL at four separate laboratories on four separate dates. Two laboratories reported the patient to be heterozygous for the fVL, while the other two reported no evidence of a mutation. Testing methods of the various laboratories were reviewed, and additional testing was performed on stored and newly drawn DNA samples, including sequencing of the fVL gene segment. The preponderance of evidence indicates the patient to be heterozygous for the fVL mutation. Dissection of data suggests that either sample misidentification or faulty allele specific amplification methods could have led to false‐negative results in two laboratories. In one of the two laboratories, misinterpretation of results and clerical error could not be excluded. There is a need for standardization of optimized fVL genetic testing methods. Further education of ordering physicians on the limitations of genetic testing is necessary. Am. J. Hematol. 81:284–289, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation for systemic AL amyloidosis
Authors: Imamura Tomoyuki , Ogata Masao , Kohno Kazuhiro , Tomo Tadashi , Ohtsuka Eiichi , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Kadota Jun‐ichi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNo established treatments for systemic AL amyloidosis have been determined, and only four reports have described allogeneic stem cell transplantation for this disease. We report the case of a patient with orthostatic hypotension, diarrhea, nephrotic syndrome, and cardiac amyloidosis due to systemic AL amyloidosis. Reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation (RIST) was performed using a conditioning regimen comprising fludarabine 125 mg/m2 and melphalan 90 mg/m2. Hematologically complete remission and symptomatic improvement were obtained without severe transplantation‐related complications. RIST may thus offer a useful treatment strategy for systemic AL amyloidosis complicated by cardiac amyloidosis. Am. J. Hematol. 81:281–283, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemoglobin Loves Park [β68 (E12) Leu→Phe]: Report of five cases including one originating from a de novo mutation
Authors: Ferreira Cristina , Hoyer James D. , Miranda Armandina , Picanço Isabel , Almendra Vanda , Seixas Maria Teresa , Almeida Teresa , Romão Luísa , Faustino Paula 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHemoglobin (Hb) Loves Park [β68 (E12) Leu→Phe] was identified in a 2‐year‐old Portuguese boy with anemia, microcytosis, and hypochromia. This Hb variant was detected by isoelectric focusing and quantified by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (48.4%), and the DNA mutation was identified by HBB (β‐globin gene) sequencing. Hematological and biochemical analyses performed on his parents revealed normal hematological parameters and normal hemoglobin and globin chain profiles. DNA sequence analysis of the HBB gene of both parents showed the absence of the Hb Loves Park mutation. Study of the haplotypes in the β‐globin gene cluster confirmed parenthood. Moreover, paternity was confirmed by the study of nine short tandem repeats (STRs) and four variable‐number tandem repeat (VNTRs) loci. The most likely explanation for these results is that the Hb Loves Park mutation has occurred de novo in this family. The original American cases of Hb Loves Park, from a family of Italian origin, which were never published, as well as two additional cases, are also included in this report. Functional studies revealed that Hb Loves Park is stable and has a decreased oxygen affinity. Am. J. Hematol. 81:256–261, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.