bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular signatures of Pleistocene sea‐level changes that affected connectivity among freshwater shrimp in Indo‐Australian waters
Authors: DE BRUYN MARK , MATHER PETER B 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA major paradigm in evolutionary biology asserts that global climate change during the Pleistocene often led to rapid and extensive diversification in numerous taxa. Recent phylogenetic data suggest that past climatic oscillations may have promoted long‐distance marine dispersal in some freshwater crustacea from the Indo‐Australian Archipelago (IAA). Whether this pattern is common, and whether similar processes are acting on diversification below the species level is unknown. We used nuclear and mitochondrial molecular variation in a freshwater‐dependent decapod crustacean (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), sampled widely from the IAA, to assess the impact of Pleistocene sea‐level changes on lineage diversification in this species. Fitting of an isolation with migration model enabled us to reject ongoing migration among lineages, and results indicate that isolation among both mainland–mainland and mainland–island lineages arose during the mid‐Pleistocene. Our data suggest a scenario of widespread marine dispersal during Pleistocene glacial maxima (in support of the ‘Pleistocene marine dispersal hypothesis’) when sea levels were low, and geographical distances between fresh watersheds were greatly reduced, followed by increased isolation as sea levels subsequently rose.
Dichotomy of food and inhalant allergen sensitization in eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Sugnanam K. K. N. , Collins J. T. , Smith P. K. , Connor F. , Lewindon P. , Cleghorn G. , Withers G. 
Published: August 2007

Background:  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is an emerging condition where patients commonly present with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease and fail to respond adequately to anti‐reflux therapy. Food allergy is currently recognized as the main immunological cause of EE; recent evidence suggests an etiological role for inhalant allergens. The presence of EE appears to be associated with other atopic illnesses.Objectives:  To report the sensitization profile of both food and inhalant allergens in our EE patient cohort in relation to age, and to profile the prevalence of other allergic conditions in patients with EE.Method:  The study prospectively analyzed allergen sensitization profiles using skin prick tests to common food allergens and inhalant allergens in 45 children with EE. Patch testing to common food allergens was performed on 33 patients in the same cohort. Comorbidity of atopic eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis and anaphylaxis were obtained from patient history.Results:  Younger patients with EE showed more IgE and patch sensitization to foods while older patients showed greater IgE sensitization to inhalant allergens. The prevalence of atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma was significantly increased in our EE cohort compared with the general Australian population. A total of 24% of our cohort of patients with EE had a history of anaphylaxis.Conclusion:  In children with EE, the sensitization to inhalant allergens increases with age, particularly after 4 years. Also, specific enquiry about severe food reactions in patients presenting with EE is strongly recommended as it appears this patient group has a high incidence of anaphylaxis
Detection of natural killer T cells in the sinus mucosa from asthmatics with chronic sinusitis
Authors: Yamamoto H. , Okamoto Y. , Horiguchi S. , Kunii N. , Yonekura S. , Nakayama T. 
Published: August 2007

Background:  Chronic sinusitis (CS) with asthma generally exhibits a high degree of sinus tissue eosinophilia and recurrence often occurs even after surgical therapy. However, the cause has not yet been fully clarified.Aims of the study:  To elucidate the pathogenesis of this refractory disease, we examined the infiltration of natural killer T (NKT) and type 1 helper T (Th1)/type 2 helper T (Th2) cells, and the cytokine expression in the sinus mucosa.Methods:  Sinus mucosal specimens were obtained surgically from 16 CS patients with nasal polyps. The NKT cells, Th1/Th2 cells and the expression of IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13 and IFN‐γ were examined by a polymerase chain reaction or flow cytometry. Nasal mucosal specimens from six other patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) were examined in a similar manner.Results:  The NKT cells were detected to varying degrees in the sinus mucosa from asthmatic CS patients, but neither in the nonasthmatics nor in the nasal mucosa from the patients with AR. The Th2 cells and Th2 cytokines were expressed at significantly higher levels in the sinus mucosa from the CS patients with asthma in comparison to those without asthma. However, the Th1 cell infiltration and IFN‐γ expression were not different between these groups.Conclusion:  Natural killer T cells may, therefore, play important roles in the enhanced Th2 cytokine expression and increased infiltration of Th2 cells and eosinophils observed in the sinus mucosa from asthmatic CS patients through MHC‐independent mechanisms.
A polymorphic variant in the MHC2TA gene is not associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Linga‐Reddy M. V. Prasad , Gunnarsson I. , Svenungsson E. , Sturfelt G. , Jönsen A. , Truedsson L. , Nordmark G. , Rönnblom L. , Alarcón‐Riquelme M. E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the major histocompatibility complex class II transactivator (MHC2TA) gene encoding the class II transactivator have been associated with multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and myocardial infarction in the Swedish population. We used a case–control approach to investigate the prevalence of a relevant variant in Swedish systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cohorts to determine whether SLE shares the same MHC2TA susceptibility allele as the other diseases. No differences were observed between cases and control subjects at either the allele or genotype levels. Furthermore, no significant correlations were found when comparing different clinical and serological SLE phenotypes. This particular polymorphism rs3087456 of the MHC2TA gene does not appear to influence genetic susceptibility to SLE in the Swedish population. We conclude that our data support neither allelic nor genotype association between the MHC2TA SNP and SLE.
Novel Erythrocyte Pits in the Small Tropical Ruminant, Lesser Mouse Deer
Authors: Fukuta K. , Orui T. , Tanaka K. , Sasaki M. , Endo H. , Ismail D. B. , Kudo H. , Kimura J. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryWe examined unique erythrocyte pits of the peripheral blood and bone marrow in the lesser mouse deer, Tragulus javanicus, using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Under the SEM observation, the pit was observed as a hole on both mature erythrocytes of the peripheral blood and immature erythrocytes of the bone marrow. By the TEM, the mature erythrocytes had a vacuole, which showed complicated shape and occupied considerable space within the cytoplasm. The vacuole was communicated extracellularly by perforation, which corresponded to the hole on the cell surface. In the bone marrow, erythroblast and reticulocytes have a cytoplasmic vacuole. This abnormal feature of the erythrocytes is peculiar to the mouse deer, and not found in other tropical ruminants. Despite the disadvantage of volume loss from the small erythrocytes, the mouse deer were healthy and showed no signs of anaemia.
The Effect of Selenium and Vitamin E on the Lymphocytes and Immunoglobulin‐containing Plasma cells in the Lymphoid organ and Mucosa‐Associated Lymphatic Tissues of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Khan M. Z. I. , Akter S. H. , Islam M. N. , Karim M. R. , Islam M. R. , Kon Y. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe present research has been designed to understand the effect of selenium and vitamin E on the lymphocyte and changes in the frequency of Ig‐containing plasma cells in the lymphatic organ and ileum (representative organ for mucosa‐associated lymphatic tissues) of different postnatal stages of Kasilla broiler chickens. A routine haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain were used to study the histology of the lymphocytic changes, and indirect immunoperoxidase staining method was performed for the study of the distributional and dynamical changes of the Ig‐containing plasma cells within the lymphatic tissues and in the ileum of control broilers and in the broilers supplemented with different concentration of selenium and vitamin E in the diet. Histologically, the population of lymphocytes decreased in the lobules of the thymus, medulla of bursal follicles, splenic masses, lymphatic nodules of the cecal tonsil, and villi of the ilium in 0.1 mg and 0.5 mg selenium supplemented broilers in comparison with the control. The population of these cells was found to increase in 150 mg and 300 mg vitamin E supplemented chickens in the present study. In the spleen IgG‐ and the IgM‐containing plasma cells were more than IgA‐containing plasma cells. In contrast, in the cecal tonsil and ileum IgA‐containing plasma cells were more than IgG‐ and IgM‐containing plasma cells. The frequency of these immunopositive cells were decreased in 0.1 mg and 0.5 mg selenium supplementated chickens, and increased their frequency in the chickens supplemented with 150 mg and 300 mg vitamin E. In the spleen the frequency of IgM‐containing plasma cells and both in the cecal tonsil and ileum, the IgG‐containing plasma cells were more decreased by selenium supplementation which restored in their population by vitamin E supplementation.
Analysis of Patients with Esophageal Varices Surviving More Than Three Years after Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy
Authors: NARITAKA Yoshihiko , HAGA Shunsuke , YAGAWA Yuichi , SHIMAKAWA Takeshi , KAZUBE Takao , HOSOKAWA Toshihiko , OHTANI Yoichi , KIKUCHI Tomomitsu , KAJIWARA Tetsuro , OI Itaru , ICHIOKA Shisho , OGAWA Kenji 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Of the 205 patients treated by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in the past 8 years and 4 months, 70 patients (34.1%) have survived more than 3 years. There were more Child's class A patients (p < 0.05) and fewer Child's C patients (p < 0.01) in this group as compared to 51 patients who died within 3 years. In addition, complications due to hepatoma were significantly lower (p < 0.01) in this group. The long‐term cumulative survival rates of those who had already survived over 3 years were 82% at the 5‐year and 78% at the 7‐year follow‐up. There was no significant difference among 3 groups classified by severity of liver damage or timing of the therapy.Rebleeding was noted in 13 patients (18.3%) and the cumulative bleeding rates were 9% at the 1‐year, 14% at the 3‐year, 18% at the 5‐year and 21% at the 7‐year follow‐up. In 12 of these patients hemostasis was obtained by the second sclerotherapy. There was no significant difference in the long‐term prognosis between patients who experienced repeat bleeding, and those who did not.Endoscopic findings in patients with rebleeding were characteristic in that the red color sign remained pronounced despite the fact that the varices had shrunk from F2 or larger to F1 in 6 patients. Bleeding occurred from the gastric varices in 4 patients. One of them died due to gastric bleeding, but 3 were operated on after sclerotherapy.For improving prognosis, it is important to carefully observe the clinical course and to perform additional aggressive treatments for complete obliteration of varices.
Squamous Cell Papilloma of the Esophagus ‐A Report of Two Cases and a Review of the Literature‐
Authors: HAYASHI Ryoichi , NAKAYAMA Jun , INOUE Atsushi , KOMATSU Osamu , KATSUYAMA Tsutomu , INOUE Kazuaki 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:We present two cases of squamous cell papilloma of the esophagus (SPE) diagnosed by panendoscopy and confirmed by histology. In one case the SPE was removed by endoscopy, and in the other, the SPE detached during severe vomiting. Our patients both had a previous history of heartburn and repeated vomiting. An immunological study for human papilloma virus (HPV) was conducted in both cases, with negative results.
Clinical Evaluation of Endoscopic Gastric Mucosal Resection
Authors: TANAKA Keizo , SHIBUE Tadashi , TAKASAKI Yoshihisa , SAMESHIMA Yukinori , MATSUMOTO Jun , YAMASHITA Yukihiro , ARIMA Terukatsu 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: Endoscopic gastric mucosal resection (EGMR), by which a large specimen can be obtained, has been developed for the diagnosis and treatment of the borderline lesion (B. L.) or early gastric cancer (EGC), since biopsy specimens obtained by conventional techniques are too small to make an accurate diagnosis in number of cases. Thirty‐eight lesions in 35 cases (26 lesions in 23 cases with B. L. and 12 lesions in 12 cases with EGC) were resected for the purpose of treatment by EGMR, and 24 lesions (6 submucosal tumors, 3 B. L. s, 14 cases of EGC and 1 malignant lymphoma) for the purpose of diagnosis. By means of histological examination of the bite biopsy specimens following EGMR, twenty‐three lesions in 26 cases (89%) with a B. L. and 8 in 12 cases (67%) with EGC for treatment by EGMR were found to have been completely resected.After further histological examination of EGMR specimens obtained for diagnosis, one out of 3 B. L. s was diagnosed as EGC (IIa) and the others as bengin lesions. Out of 14 EGC cases, 6 were diagnosed as carcinoma, 3 as B. L. s and 5 as benign lesions.In Group III lesions obtained by conventional endoscopic biopsy, 8 out of 40 lesions (20%) were defined as EGC, 28 lesions (70%) as a B. L. and 4 lesions (10%) as benign lesions respectively by means of histological examination of the EGMR specimens.Although obvious side effects were observed in 4 cases, these patients could be treated by endoscopic management or drug therapy.It can be concluded that EGMR, by which large specimens can be obtained, is a useful procedure for the purpose of diagnosing and treating gastric mucosal lesions without causing major risk.
Pancreatoscopy for Mucus Producing Pancreatic Tumor
Authors: FUJITA Naotaka , LEE Shigeki , KOBAYASHI Go , KIMURA Katsumi , WATANABE Hiromitsu , MOCHIZUKI Fukuji 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: The mucus producing tumor of the pancreas (MPT) is now drawing attention because of its characteristic clinical features. It is characterized by abundant secretion of mucin into the cystic cavity or the main pancreatic duct and relatively benign biological behavior. In this paper, endoscopic characteristics of MPT and the role of pancreatoscopy in the diagnosis of this entity are discussed. Eight cases of MPT with various histological backgrounds were examined with pancreatoscopy. Six cases underwent peroral pancreatoscopy and intraoperative pancreatoscopy was performed in four cases. The endoscopic findings of MPT are summarized as follows: 1) Granular change of the epithelium of the pancreatic duct. 2) Papillary tumor with dilatation of capillary vessles on its surface. 3) Irregularity or detachment of the epithelium of the pancreatic duct. The findings mentioned above in 1), 2) and 3) were obtained in three cases, two cases, and two cases, respectively. Except in one case, the border of the lesion with the neighboring normal mucosa was well identified.We conclude that pancreatoscopy is a quite useful diagnostic tool in cases of MPT, especially for determining the extent of the lesion.
Transoral Tracheal Intubation for Gastroscopy in Rats
Authors: SCHWAB Gerhard , WETSCHER Gerold , KLIMA Gunther , MAIRINGER Thomas , POINTNER Rudolph , BODNER Ernst 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: A new method of orotracheal intubation in rats which was developed to prevent apnea during upper gastrointestinal endoscopiy is described. After the anesthetized animals are relaxed with an I. V. injection of Vecuronium, orotracheal intubation was performed with a thin endoscope under complete visual control. After relaxation is achieved the glottis is wide open and intubation can be performed carefully without any medianical irritation of the larynx. After placement of the tube in the trachea, the fiberoptic was removed and pressure–controlled ventilation occurred.This technique can be widely applied in any kind of rat experiment, where controlled ventilation is required.
A Newly Improved Jointed Sliding Tube, Type ST‐CX2 for Use During Colonoscopy
Authors: TADA Masahiro , SHIMIZU Seiji , OHTSUKA Hirotomo , OKAMURA Masako , ISO Akitada , SOBAJIMA Junko , ITOH Yoshiyuki , KAWAI Keiichi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Sliding tubes have been developed to keep the sigmoid colon straight and allow the quick insertion of the colonoscope into the proximal colon. However, there are some problems associated with using the sliding tubes currently available. In particular, the attachment of the sliding tube sometimes affects insertion since the effective length of the scope is reduced. A newly developed jointed sliding tube, the ST‐CX2, consists of an inner tube and an outer tube. Both parts are made of polytetrafluoroethylene and are elastic and thin. The length of the ST‐CX2 is only 227 mm when contracted, and it can be used with medium‐length colonoscopes. The sliding tube is 450 mm long when fully extended and its tip can, without exception, be introduced into the descending colon. The development of this new instrument has made total colonoscopy easier.
Injection Sclerotherapy for Esophageal Varices after Total Gastrectomy: Case Reports of Two Patients
Authors: CHIKAMORI Fumio , AOYAGI Hiroyuki , TAKAGAKI Toshiro , SHARMA Niranjan , SHIBUYA Susumu , TAKASE Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Injection sclerotherapy was performed in two patients with esophageal varices who had undergone a total gastrectomy and Roux‐en‐ Y esophagojejunostomy for gastric cancer. Both of the patients were diagnosed as having postnecrotic liver cirrhosis due to serum hepatitis. The first patient developed esophageal varices after surgery. The second patient had recurrent esophageal varices after surgery for both gastric cancer and the esophageal varices. Five percent ethanolamine oleate was the sclerosant used together with the contrast medium iopamidol (5% EOI). After intravariceal injection, the flow of the sclerosant was followed by fluoroscopy. The esophageal varices were fed by the branches of the jejunal vein of the arcade of the ascending jejunal limb. The esophageal varices and branches of the jejunal vein were destroyed by three consecutive sessions of sclerotherapy. No complications occurred during or after the therapy. Therefore, injection sclerotherapy, along with varicealography, is one of the most effective methods of treating esophageal varices arising after a total gastrectomy.
A Study on Myogenic Tumors of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract by Endoscopic Ultrasonography—With Special Reference to the Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Lesions
Authors: YAMADA Yukihito , KIDA Mitsuhiro , SAKAGUCHI Tetsuaki , NOTO Makoto , UESUGI Hidenaga , SAIGENJI Katsunori , OOGURI Toshihiko , KAN Tomoya 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Seventy‐six myogenic tumors (60 leimyomas, 3 leiomyoblastomas, 13 leiomyosarcomas) surgically resected from the upper gastrointestinal tract were studied histopathologically to define the characteristics of benign and malignant tumors. Twenty‐nine of these lesions (22 leiomyomas, 3 leiomyoblastomas, 4 leiomyosarcomas) were additionally studied by EUS before resection to investigate the relationship between EUS and histopathological findings and establish a scoring system enabling the differentiation of malignant from benign lesions. The results indicated that coagulative necrosis and bleeding were principally responsible for the heterogeneous internal echo of tumors. Anechoic areas corresponded to colliquative necrosis or cystic degeneration. Five EUS findings of prime importance in identifying malignant myogenic tumors were found to be: (1) a tumor diameter of ±3.0 cm, (2) nodular shape, (3) an ulceration depth of ± 5 mm, (4) a heterogeneous internal echo, and (5) the presence of an anechoic area. Each of these five parameters was assigned a score of 1 Point, and lesions with a total score of 3 or more were evaluated as being malignant. The sensitivity and specificity of our scoring system for myogenic tumors were respectively 100% and 73% in the 29 cases studied by EUS and 100% and 80% for all 76 tumors studied histopathologically.
A Case of a “Vanishing Submucosal Tumor” of the Stomach Which was Suspected of being a Gastric Wall Abscess
Authors: NAKAJIMA Tomoki , KODAMA Tadashi , KASHIMA Kei , NAKAIMA Toshikazu , SHIOMI Takehiko , IMAMURA Masayuki , OGASAWARA Takeshi , KIZU Minoru 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:We report on a case of a “vanishing submucosal tumor” of the stomach in a 76‐year‐old woman who was admitted to our hospital with severe abdominal pain. Laboratory tests revealed marked inflammation. Various radiological, ultrasonographical, and endoscopic findings in addition to the clinical symptoms were compatible with a diagnosis of gastric wall abscess. The tumor vanished before an endoscopic puncture could be performed. We speculate that the disappearance of the tumor and subsequent improvement of the patient's clinical symptoms were the result of spontaneous drainage into the gastric lumen. The findings in this case suggest that there is a spontaneous healing mechanism in this disease.
Endoscopic Findings of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis—‐Report of a Case—
Authors: TERAI Shuji , AKIYAMA Tetsuji , NAKAMURA Masaaki , AIBE Tsuyoshi , OKITA Kiwamu , SANUKI Kazutoshi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: A case of primary sclerosing cholangitis in which an endoscopic inspection through the fistula produced by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was performed for the treatment of progressive jaundice and supprative cholangitis is presented. These treatments benefited the patient to some degree. After 3 years from the onset, the patient died of multi‐organ failure caused by disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. An autopsy revealed primary sclerosing cholangitis. No evidence of ductal stricture due to malignancy or underlying cholelithiasis was noted.This report may be the first which discusses the endoscopic findings of a biliary tract stricture in a patient with sclerosing cholangitis.