bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful conservative treatment of cervical discospondylitis in a dog
Authors: BREE H. VAN , RICK A. DE , VERSCHOOTEN F. , MATTHEEUWS D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA discospondylitis between C6 and C7 was treated with trimethoprim* for two months. Spontaneous fusion of the involved vertebrae was observed within 6 months. Neurological symptoms disappeared completely at that time.
Necrotizing pulmonary arteritis in a dog with patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: TURK J. R. , MILLER L. M. , MILLER J. B. , SANDE R. D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 4‐month‐old, male Cocker Spaniel was examined because of exercise intolerance. A grade IV/V holosystolic diastolic murmur was auscultated. Increased pulmonary arterial pressure was measured via cardiac catheterization. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was diagnosed radio‐graphically by injection of contrast media into the sinus of Valsalva with the immediate appearance of contrast in the pulmonary artery. The dog was destroyed at the owner's request. The presence of a PDA was confirmed by necropsy examination. Medial hypertrophy and necrotizing arteritis of muscular pulmonary arteries were observed on histopathologic examination.
Some observations on the aerobic bacterial flora of the genital tract of the dog and bitch
Authors: ALLEN W. EDWARD , DAGNALL G. J. R. 
Published: April 2008

SUMMARYThe aerobic bacterial flora from the genital tracts of 143 bitches and 51 dogs was investigated. Beta haemolytic streptococci (group G), Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were among the organisms isolated from normal bitches in heat, abnormal bitches and normal dogs. Repeated sampling of two bitches during oestrus, and the dog to which they were mated, showed that bacteria were transmitted from bitch to dog, but did not become established. Guarded swab samples taken from the vagina collected less bacteria than samples from the vestibule. Numerous bacteria were seen in vaginal smears taken from bitches during oestrus, but numbers fell rapidly with the appearance of leucocytes in the smear at the onset of metoestrus.
Canine lymphosarcoma and hypercalcaemia: clinical, laboratory and pathologic evaluation of twenty‐four cases
Authors: WELLER R. E. , HOLMBERG C. A. , THEILEN G. H. , MADEWELL B. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwenty‐four dogs with lymphosarcoma and hypercalcaemia were studied clinically, haematologically and biochemically. There was no age or breed predilection, although the St Bernard dog appeared to be over‐represented. Male dogs were more frequently affected (62 per cent) than female dogs. Anorexia, weight loss, muscular weakness, depression, polydipsia, polyuria, and bilateral peripheral lymphadenopathy were the most frequently observed clinical signs and physical findings. Hypercalcaemia, creatinaemia, azotaemia, hypercalciuria, hyposthenuria, and decreased endogenous creatinine clearance were the most frequent laboratory abnormalities. Detailed gross and histopathologic examinations of 10 dogs revealed the multicentric anatomic form of lymphosarcoma, absence of skeletal metastases, and normal parathyroid glands. The dogs were clinically staged, and ten were histologically classified. Histologic staging revealed five diffuse histiocytic lymphomas, and five diffuse lymphocytic poorly differentiated lymphomas.
Distribution of infused artificial filariae within the pulmonary arteries of dogs
Authors: ATWELL R. B. , CARLISLE CAROL H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTArtificial filariae, infused into the venous system in dogs, were preferentially distributed within the pulmonary arteries to the right side, in particular, the right caudal artery. These findings are discussed in relation to the distribution of natural filariae (D. immitis).
Nervous disorders in dogs associated with levamisole therapy
Authors: SUTTON R. H. , ATWELL R. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe onset of nervous disorders associated with levamisole hydrochloride therapy is described in five dogs. Distemper and granulomatous encephalomyelitis were diagnosed in four cases. Possible stimulation of the cellular immune response by levamisole, with resultant secondary tissue damage, was believed to be associated with the time of onset and the severity of these disorders. The neuronal degeneration in the fifth case was not consistent with an inflammatory disorder. The possible role of levamisole in this case is unknown.
Thyroid function tests in dogs using radioimmunoassay kits
Authors: ECKERSALL P. D. , WILLIAMS M. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThyroid function has been assessed using radioimmunoassay kits for total and free thyroxine (T4). A radioimmunoassay kit for total T4, designed for human samples, was unable to detect total T4 in 35 per cent of normal canine serum tested, due to the kit being designed to measure total T4 over the normal human range which is four times the canine normal range. The canine normal range for free T4 (7.5–50 pmol/1) was found to be of the same order as the human range and therefore a free T4 kit was suitable for measuring the free hormone in dogs. In response to thyroid stimulating hormone in normal dogs, total T4 rose 6.2 times whereas free T4 rose only 2.6 times.Hypothyroid animals could be distinguished from normal dogs by free T4 assay whereas they were indistinguishable from many normal dogs by total T4 assay. Response to thyroid stimulating hormone was used to confirm hypothyroidism, but also revealed one animal with normal total and free T4 but which had a negligible response on stimulation.
Splenic torsion in dogs
Authors: STEAD A. C. , FRANKLAND A. L. , BORTHWICK R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical and radiographic signs of torsion of the splenic pedicle in three German Shepherd dogs are described. Massive, uniform splenomegaly with distinct outlines was a characteristic finding at radiography. In two cases density of the spleen was greatly increased whilst in the third, in addition to the splenomegaly, there was an associated folding and displacement of the body and pylorus of the stomach.
Review of results of airway obstruction surgery in the dog
Authors: HARVEY COLIN E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIn a recent series of papers (Harvey, 1982a–e; Harvey & Goldschmidt, 1982; Harvey & O'Brien, 1982a–c; Harvey, 1983a, b), several aspects of airway obstruction surgery in dogs were examined in detail, including results of all airway procedures performed during a 10‐year period at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. This paper summarizes the results of those studies.
Cardiovascular effects of epidural blocks in dogs
Authors: NOLTE INGO , WATNEY G. C. G. , HALL L. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCardiovascular and respiratory function was studied after epidural injection of lignocaine hydrochloride (3 mg kg1) at the lumbosacral space in dogs premedicated with methadone (0–8 mg kg1), acepromazine (0.3 mg kg1) and atropine (0.6 to 1.2 mg). Analgesia was produced caudal to the third to fifth thoracic dermatomes; there was no significant change in cardiovascular function, respiratory rate, arterial blood pH or blood gas tensions. Relaxation of the hind leg and abdominal muscles was profound and haemorrhage caused a rapid fall in arterial blood pressure accompanied by tachycardia.
An evaluation of two ‘Over the Top’ techniques for anterior cruciate ligament replacement in the dog
Authors: DENNY H. R. , BARR A. R. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwo modifications of the ‘Over the Top’ (OTT) technique (Arnoczky et al., 1979) for anterior cruciate ligament replacement are evaluated in 112 cases. In 78 dogs (average weight 48 kg) part of the patellar tendon ligament complex was used as a graft to replace the ruptured ligament. The graft consisted of the middle third of the straight patellar ligament, the superficial layers of the patella, patellar tendon and fascia lata. In the other 34 dogs (average weight 30 kg) the lateral third of the straight patellar ligament and fascia lata were used as the graft. The average recovery time was 12 weeks with both techniques.
Intervertebral disc protrusion in a cat
Authors: LITTLEWOOD J. D. , HERRTAGE M. E. , PALMER A. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of prolapsed intervertebral disc at C5–6 is described in an adult cat with a history of quadriparesis and two episodes of quadriplegia in a two year period. Plain radiographs showed no abnormality, there was no narrowing of the intervertebral space, but the protrusion was detected by myelography. Severe degeneration was found in the spinal cord.
Cryotherapy (N2O) of canine distichiasis and trichiasis: an experimental and clinical report
Authors: CHAMBERS ELIZABETH D. , SLATTER DOUGLAS H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAberrant lashes in the dog have been destroyed by a number of surgical methods. Cryotherapy (N2O) for the treatment of distichiasis and trichiasis in the dog is reviewed. Histologic examination of the lids and adnexa in four control dogs revealed a return to normal appearance in 14 days. The high success rate and minimal complications associated with the clinical technique in eight cases contrast with other methods of treatment.
Canine mycetoma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: COYLE VALERIE , ISAACS JOSEPHINE P. , O'BOYLE DENISE A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a mycetoma of the fourth tarsal bone of a 5‐year‐old spayed Corgi‐cross bitch caused by the eumycete Curvularia geniculata. The condition was treated successfully by surgical excision, followed by chemotherapy using iodine, trimethoprim‐sulphadiazine, amphotericin B. dimethyl sulphoxide. thiabendazole and nystatin. An attempt was made to establish the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration of various antifungal drugs on the causative organism. No clinical or radiological evidence of recurrence was found 3 years after initiation of treatment, despite the original poor prognosis.
The aerobic bacterial flora of the middle and external ears in normal dogs
Authors: MATSUDA HIROSHI , TOJO MASAHIKO , FUKUI KAZUNORI , IMORI TATSUO , BABA EIICHIROH 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe aerobic bacterial flora of the middle and external ears was elucidated in 30 normal dogs (60 ears). Bacterial swab samples were obtained by rubbing the surface of the tympanic cavity and external ear canal. In the middle ear, bacteria were cultured from 48 per cent of the total ears and mainly included Escherichia coli (8 per cent), yeasts (8 per cent), staphylococci (7 per cent) and branhamella (7 per cent). In the external ear, bacteria were found in 46 per cent of the total ears and staphylococci (19 per cent) and yeasts (7 per cent) were the main isolates. Mycoplasma was found in one external ear sample, but in no middle ear samples in an examination of 20 ears. The same type of bacterium was hardly ever found in both the middle and external parts of each ear.
The place of the post‐mortem room in the training of the small animal veterinarian
Authors: KELLY D. F. 
Published: April 2008

SUMMARYThe post‐mortem room can be an important focal point in the training of the small animal veterinarian. Repetitive necropsy demonstrations are necessary to provide a firm foundation of gross pathology for the clinician. More importantly, collaborative post‐mortem demonstration/discussions involving clinicians, pathologist and laboratory diagnosticians are necessary to develop understanding of clinico‐pathological correlation and this has an important function in developing clinical diagnostic skills and confidence.
An evaluation of positive contrast vaginourethrography as a diagnostic aid in the bitch
Authors: HOLT P. E. , GIBBS CHRISTINE , LATHAM JEANNE 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe contribution of vagino‐urethrography to the diagnosis of disorders of the lower urogenital tract in 123 bitches was evaluated. It was found to be particularly valuable in animals with urinary incontinence, vaginal discharge, dysuria and physical vaginal abnormalities. Determination of vaginal volume in 69 bitches has enabled a dosage of contrast medium to be suggested.
Cutaneous xanthomata associated with diabetes mellitus in a cat
Authors: JONES B. R. , WALLACE A. , HANCOCK W. , HARDING D. R. K. , JOHNSTONE A. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 1,1/2 year‐old neutered male cat was presented with a non pruritic skin disease. Pale plaque‐like lesions were present on the face, head, axillae and ventral abdomen. Hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperglycaemia and glycosuria were all present and histopathological examination confirmed that the skin lesions were xanthomata. A lipoprotein profile revealed an increase in chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins, and low post heparin lipoprotein lipase activity was present. A diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was made and following treatment with insulin and a change to a low fat, low carbohydrate diet the cat had normal values for blood lipids and glucose and the skin lesions had resolved within a month.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the dog: a review of two hundred cases
Authors: SANSOM JANE , BARNETT K. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwo hundred consecutive referred cases of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the dog were examined over a 9 year period. The clinical signs are described and the cases discussed in sections relating to the aetiology and in particular, the age and sex incidence in the West Highland White Terrier. The suitability of this animal as a model for Sjögrens syndrome in man is discussed.
The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cataract in the dog
Authors: BARNETT K. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCataract is a common eye condition in the dog, classified in several ways and with a varied aetiology. The clinical appearance of hereditary cataract is described in the Boston Terrier, Miniature Schnauzer, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Large Munsterlander, English Cocker Spaniel, American Cocker Spaniel, Afghan Hound, Welsh Springer Spaniel, German Shepherd Dog, Standard Poodle. Cataracts secondary to other eye diseases, both hereditary and non‐hereditary, and to systemic conditions are also discussed, as well as the differential diagnosis of cataract.
Cardiovascular effects of rapid infusion of crystalloid in the hypovolaemic cat
Authors: Jr HARRY W. BOOTHE , CLARK DONALD R. , MERTON DAWN A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe effects of rapidly infused lactated Ringer's solution were studied in ten cats made hypovolaemic by acute bleeding and subsequently given, intravenously, crystalloid in an amount approximately equal to 1 blood volume (five cats) or 2 blood volumes (five cats). Fluid administration was begun approximately 30 min after the cats were bled and completed in 1 hour. A control group of three cats was instrumented but not bled or treated. Cardiovascular haemodynamics were measured before bleeding, 30 min after bleeding, at the half‐way point of fluid administration, and immediately after total fluid administration.While the catheterization and vessel ligation had minimal effects, both blood removal and fluid administration had marked effects on haemodynamics. Cats which received fluids equal to 2 blood volumes were severely affected by hypervolaemia. Central venous pressures in these cats were significantly higher during and after fluid administration. Seventy per cent of the experimental cats survived long term; however, several surviving cats had complicated or prolonged recoveries in which clinical signs consistent with acute pulmonary oedema were seen during the treatment and recovery period.
The diagnosis of brachial plexus disorders in dogs: a review of twenty‐two cases
Authors: WHEELER S. J. , JONES D. G. CLAYTON , WRIGHT J. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTConditions affecting the brachial plexus in dogs are described. The clinical details of 22 cases are reviewed, of which 16 were traumatic lesions and six were tumours. The salient features of the neurological examination which provide the diagnosis and the signs which reveal the extent and nature of the lesion are described. The role of other ancillary diagnostic aids including electromyography, radiography and myelography are discussed.
The assessment of corrective surgery for canine laryngeal paralysis by blood gas analysis: a review of thirty‐five cases
Authors: LOVE S. , WATERMAN A. E. , LANE J. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTArterial blood samples were collected under sedation, from the femoral artery of 35 dogs suffering from laryngeal paralysis. Pre‐operatively, the dogs showed a moderate degree of arterial hypoxaemia (mean PaO2 77 mmHg), with the worst affected clinically showing the most severe hypoxia. Following corrective surgery there was a significant improvement in PaO2 tensions (90 mmHg). A group of 20 control dogs were also sedated and sampled. Their mean arterial oxygen tension was 91 mmHg, indicating that the pre‐operative hypoxaemia found in the dogs with laryngeal paralysis was not the result of sedation.
A clinical trial of propofol infusion anaesthesia in dogs
Authors: HALL L. W. , CHAMBERS J. P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTStudies were carried out on 40 dogs premedicated with acepromazine (0·05 mg. kg‐1) and atropine (0·02 mg. kg‐1) to determine the minimum infusion rate of propofol needed to maintain anaesthesia and to compare the quality of the anaesthesia with that produced by halothane/nitrous oxide/oxygen. In 30 dogs anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with a continuous infusion and in the other ten dogs anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and maintained with the inhalation agents. An infusion rate of 0·4 mg. kg‐1 min‐1 of propofol produced surgical anaesthesia in dogs breathing oxygen or oxygen‐enriched air. Cardiovascular and respiratory effects were similar to those in dogs anaesthetized with halothane/nitrous oxide and with both anaesthetic regimens myocardial oxygen consumption appeared to increase with increasing duration of anaesthesia. A possible familial susceptibility resulting in a more prolonged recovery was revealed and propofol infusion was associated with a 16 per cent incidence of vomiting in the recovery period. It was concluded that in canine anaesthesia the continuous infusion of propofol to maintain anaesthesia in healthy dogs was safe but less satisfactory than the use of halothane/nitrous oxide.
Immune‐based non‐erosive inflammatory joint disease of the dog. 3. Canine idiopathic polyarthritis
Authors: BENNETT DAVID 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe features of 67 cases of canine idiopathic polyarthritis are described. Idiopathic polyarthritis includes cases of non‐infective polysynovitis which cannot be classified into more defined groups. It most often affects young adult dogs, and pyrexia, inappetence and lethargy are exhibited as well as lameness. Radiography usually shows soft tissue changes. Four types are identified according to certain associations; Type I (uncomplicated), Type II (infection elsewhere in the body), Type III (gastro‐intestinal disease) and Type IV (neoplastic disease elsewhere in the body). Steroids and/or cytotoxic drugs are used for treatment.
Reversible mega‐oesophagus in a dog with hypoadrenocorticism
Authors: BURROWS COLIN F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTMega‐oesophagus was diagnosed in a nine‐month‐old male Shar Pei with hypoadrenocorticism in which anorexia persisted despite appropriate initial therapy. Endoscopy confirmed the mega‐oesophagus and revealed oesophagitis, gastritis and gastric haemorrhage. There was a dramatic improvement in clinical signs following treatment with metoclopramide and cimetidine and the mega‐oesophagus resolved with treatment for the hypoadrenocorticism.
Inherited copper toxicosis in the Bedlington terrier: a report of two clinical cases
Authors: HERRTAGE M. E. , SEYMOUR C. A. , JEFFERIES A. R. , BLAKEMORE W. F. , PALMER A. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical signs, laboratory findings and pathological changes are described in two cases of inherited copper toxicosis in the Bedlington terrier. The first case presented with acute signs of depression, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss and jaundice while the second case followed a more chronic course with less severe clinical signs which included weight loss and ascites. Both dogs had elevated circulating levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), however other haematological and biochemical parameters, while reflecting liver involvement, varied between the two cases. Chemical analysis of the liver revealed elevated copper levels in both cases (951·7 and 1093·4 μg/g wet weight respectively; normal less than 150 μg/g). These levels, however, are less than some affected but asymptomatic Bedlington terriers. Pathologically the first case had micronodular cirrhosis, while the second had focal hepatitis with fibrosis. Both dogs showed vacuolation of the white matter in the cerebrum, cerebellum, midbrain and medulla. Attention is drawn to the similarities and differences between copper toxicosis in the Bedlington terrier and Wilson's disease in man.
Obese appearance, mammary development and retardation of hair growth following megestrol acetate administration to cats
Authors: CHEN J. C. , BELLENGER C. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPrepubertally ovariectomized kittens were given megestrol acetate orally, 5 mg or 15 mg twice weekly for 12–13 weeks. The higher dose treated animals were generally fatter and some showed marked abdominal distention, but there were no statistical differences in body weight gain when compared with controls. Subsequent laparotomy was followed by hair growth retardation when kittens were given 2·5 mg megestrol acetate weekly for a further 12 weeks. Another two ovariectomized kittens had very rapid mammary development after 4 weeks of 2·5 mg megestrol acetate administration weekly.
Pregnancy diagnosis and assessment of fetal viability in the dog: A review
Authors: BARR F. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAbdominal palpation and radiography are the techniques generally used by the veterinary surgeon for pregnancy diagnosis in the dog. Diagnostic ultrasound is an imaging modality which has been widely used in human obstetrics for many years. It is now clear that ultrasound can provide useful information about the canine pregnancy, particularly with respect to fetal viability. The advantages and limitations of abdominal palpation, radiography and ultrasound for pregnancy diagnosis and assessment of fetal viability in the dog are discussed.
Vitamin D‐dependent rickets in a Saint Bernard dog
Authors: JOHNSON K. A. , CHURCH D. B. , BARTON R. J. , WOOD A. K. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTRickets diagnosed in a 12‐week‐old female St Bernard was attributed to an inborn error in vitamin D metabolism. Radiographically the physes were enlarged radially and axially, and metaphyseal bone adjacent to the physes was widened and cup‐shaped. Serum biochemical abnormalities were hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, and hyperparathyroidism. Treatment was given with dihydrotachysterol, a synthetic sterol that is metabolised to a pharmacologically active analogue of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol by the liver. This resolved the rachitic skeletal lesions completely in six weeks, as assessed radiographically, and maintained the serum calcium at the lower end of the normal range.
Conditions of the eyelids in the dog
Authors: BEDFORD P. G. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSeveral congenital, inherited and acquired conditions of the eyelid occur in the dog, and their presence may result in disease of the conjunctiva or cornea caused by irritation or exposure. Treatment involves either the permanent relief of irritation or the construction of a palpebral fissure in which there is adequate apposition between eyelid and globe.