bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and crystal structures of triorganotin(IV) complexes of schiff base derived from 4‐amino‐5‐phenyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐trizole‐3‐thiol
Authors: Ma Chunlin , Wang Qingfeng , Zhang Rufen 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFour triorganotin complexes of the types [(Ph3Sn)(C15H10FN4S)] (3), [(CH3)3Sn(C15H10FN4S)]n (4), [(Ph3Sn)(C13H9FN4S2)] (5), and [(CH3)3Sn(C13H9FN4S2)]n (6) have been obtained by Schiff base compound 1 (derived from 4‐fluorobenzaldehyde) and compound 2 (derived from thiophene‐2‐carboxadehyde) with triorganotin chloride in the presence of sodium ethoxide. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and NMR spectroscopies, and X‐ray diffraction analyses, which revealed that complexes 3 and 5 are mononuclear structures, complex 4 and 6 are one‐dimensional zigzag infinite chains via N → Sn and S → Sn bonding interactions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:583–591, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20481
Cobalt(II) chloride as a novel and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,2,5‐trisubstituted pyrroles under solvent‐free conditions
Authors: De Surya K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCoCl2 is used as an efficient catalyst in the Paal–Knorr condensation of 2,5‐hexadione with primary amines under solvent‐free conditions, leading to the formation of pyrrole derivatives in excellent yield. This method is very easy, rapid, and high yielding reaction for the synthesis N‐substituted pyrrole derivatives. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:592–595, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20482
An efficient green synthesis of xanthenedione derivatives promoted by acidic ionic liquid
Authors: Ma Jing‐Jun , Wang Chun , Wu Qiu‐Hua , Tang Ran‐Xiao , Liu Hai‐Yan , Li Qing 
Published: September 2008

AbstractXanthenedione derivatives were prepared through the condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes with 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione promoted by acidic ionic liquid. The reaction time was 20–40 min with the yields between 82.3% and 95.3%. It was shown that the proposed method was fast, high efficient, and environmentally benign. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:609–611, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20486
Improved estimation and visualization of two‐dimensional myocardial strain rate using MR velocity mapping
Authors: Haraldsson Henrik , Wigström Lars , Lundberg Magnus , Bolger Ann F. , Engvall Jan , Ebbers Tino , Kvitting John‐Peder Escobar 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPurposeTo estimate regional myocardial strain rate, with reduced sensitivity to noise and velocities outside the region of interest, and provide a visualization of the spatial variation of the obtained tensor field within the myocardium.Materials and MethodsMyocardial velocities were measured using two‐dimensional phase contrast velocity mapping. Velocity gradients were estimated using normalized convolution and the calculated 2D strain rate tensor field was visualized using a glyph representation. Validation utilized a numerical phantom with known strain rate distribution. Strain rate glyph visualizations were created for normal myocardium in both systole and diastole and compared to a patient with an anteroseptal infarction.ResultsIn the phantom study the strain rate calculated with normalized convolution showed a very good agreement with the analytic solution, while traditional methods for gradient estimation were shown to be sensitive to both noise and surrounding velocity data. Normal myocardium showed a homogenous strain rate distribution, while a heterogeneous strain rate can be clearly seen in the patient data.ConclusionThe proposed approach for quantification and visualization of the regional myocardial strain rate can provide an objective measure of regional myocardial contraction and relaxation that may be valuable for the assessment of myocardial heart disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:604–611. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scan‐rescan variability in perfusion assessment of tumors in MRI using both model and data‐derived arterial input functions
Authors: Ashton Edward , Raunig David , Ng Chaan , Kelcz Fredrick , McShane Teresa , Evelhoch Jeffrey 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the contribution to scan‐rescan coefficient of variation (CV) of patient‐specific arterial input function (AIF) measurement in dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) data, and to determine whether any advantage or disadvantage to using a data‐derived arterial input function is related to the anatomical location of the target lesion.Materials and MethodsTwo methods are presented for the calculation of perfusion parameters from DCE‐MRI data using a two‐compartment model. The first method makes use of a single‐model AIF across all study data sets, while the second uses an automated process to derive an AIF specific to each data set. Both methods are applied to the analysis of a 25‐subject scan‐rescan study of patients with advanced solid tumors located in either the lungs or the liver. The parameters of interest in this study are the volume transfer constant between arterial plasma and extracellular extravascular space (Ktrans) and the blood‐normalized initial area under the tumor enhancement curve over the first 90 seconds postinjection (IAUCBN90).ResultsThe use of a data‐derived AIF reduces the visit‐to‐visit CV in both parameters for liver lesions by approximately 70% while the improvement is less than 20% for lung lesions.ConclusionThe use of a data‐derived AIF in the analysis of DCE‐MRI data provides a substantial reduction in scan‐rescan CV in the measurement of vascular parameters such asKtransandIAUCBN90. These results show a much larger advantage in the liver than in the lungs. However, this difference is largely driven by a small number of outliers, and may be spurious. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:791–796. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualization of the protective ability of a free radical trapping compound against rat C6 and F98 gliomas with diffusion tensor fiber tractography
Authors: Asanuma Taketoshi , Doblas Sabrina , Tesiram Yasvir A. , Saunders Debra , Cranford Rebecca , Yasui Hironobu , Inanami Osamu , Smith Nataliya , Floyd Robert A. , Kotake Yashige , Towner Rheal A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPurposeTo apply fiber tractography to assess the effect of a possible antiglioma drug, phenyl N‐tert‐butyl nitrone (PBN), on glioma‐affected neuronal fibers. The fiber tractography method was able to differentiate between different tumor types, such as the C6 and F98 rat glioma models.Materials and MethodsC6 or F98 cells were intracranially injected into the cortex of male Fischer 344 rats. PBN treatment was initiated before or after cell implantation. Tumor growth was monitored with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tractography using diffusion‐weighting gradients in 30 noncolinear directions.ResultsAlthough proton density‐weighted (PDw) and T2‐weighted (T2w) images did not show any difference between C6 and F98 gliomas without edema, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were able to discriminate between these two tumor models. Fiber tractography was used to visualize C6 glioma‐induced ischemia of tumor‐surrounding tissues, whereas F98 glioma was found to infiltrate and penetrate into the corpus callosum (CC). During glioma growth, neuronal fibers were found to disappear at the border regions between the tumor and surrounding tissues. PBN treatment was shown to inhibit glioma growth with accompanying changes in the surrounding tissue.ConclusionBy noninvasively monitoring the degree of neuronal fiber integrity and connectivity with the use of neuronal fiber tractography, we were able to evaluate the protective effect of PBN against invasive glioma growth in rat brains. PBN provided protection of the neuronal fibers against tumor‐induced ischemia and tumor invasion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:574–587. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of fluctuating velocities in disturbed cardiovascular blood flow: In vivo feasibility of generalized phase‐contrast MRI
Authors: Dyverfeldt Petter , Kvitting John‐Peder Escobar , Sigfridsson Andreas , Engvall Jan , Bolger Ann F. , Ebbers Tino 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of generalized phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC‐MRI) for the noninvasive assessment of fluctuating velocities in cardiovascular blood flow.Materials and MethodsMultidimensional PC‐MRI was used in a generalized manner to map mean flow velocities and intravoxel velocity standard deviation (IVSD) values in one healthy aorta and in three patients with different cardiovascular diseases. The acquired data were used to assess the kinetic energy of both the mean (MKE) and the fluctuating (TKE) velocity field.ResultsIn all of the subjects, both mean and fluctuating flow data were successfully acquired. The highest TKE values in the patients were found at sites characterized by abnormal flow conditions. No regional increase in TKE was found in the normal aorta.ConclusionPC‐MRI IVSD mapping is able to detect flow abnormalities in a variety of human cardiovascular conditions and shows promise for the quantitative assessment of turbulence. This approach may assist in clarifying the role of disturbed hemodynamics in cardiovascular diseases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:655–663. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility of diffusion‐weighted imaging in the differentiation of metastatic from nonmetastatic lymph nodes: Early experience
Authors: Kim Jeong Kon , Kim Kyoung Ah , Park Bum‐Woo , Kim Namkug , Cho Kyoung‐Sik 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the feasibility of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in the differentiation of metastatic from nonmetastatic lymph nodes.Materials and MethodsIn 125 patients who underwent lymph node dissection for uterine cervical cancer, DWI was performed at b value of 0 and 1000 s/mm2. By referring to the surgical maps of the pelvic lymph nodes, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was compared in the metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes, and receiver‐operating‐characteristics analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the ADC in differentiating metastatic from nonmetastatic lymph nodes.ResultsThe ADC were significantly lower in the metastatic lymph nodes (0.7651 × 10−3 mm2/s ± 0.1137) than in the nonmetastatic lymph nodes (1.0021 × 10−3 mm2/s ± 0.1859; P < 0.001). The area‐under‐the‐curve of ADC for differentiating metastatic from nonmetastatic lymph nodes, was 0.902. The sensitivity and specificity of ADC for differentiating metastatic from nonmetastatic lymph nodes, were 87% for the ADC and 80%, respectively.ConclusionDWI is feasible for differentiating metastatic from nonmetastatic lymph nodes in patients with uterine cervical cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:714–719. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complex threshold method for identifying pixels that contain predominantly noise in magnetic resonance images
Authors: Pandian Daniel S.J. , Ciulla Carlo , Haacke E. Mark , Jiang Jing , Ayaz Muhammad 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPurposeTo create a robust means to remove noise pixels using complex data.Materials and MethodsA receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the appropriate choice of magnitude and phase thresholds as well as connectivity values to determine what pixels represent noise in the image. To fine‐tune the results, a spike removal and hole replacement operator is applied to reduce Type I error and remove small islands of noise.ResultsThe use of phase information improves the magnitude‐only thresholding approach by further recognizing pixels that contain only noise. The performance of the method is enhanced using local connectivity of magnitude and phase data. An ROC analysis on simulated data shows that the Type I and Type II errors are less than 10−4 and 10−3, respectively, without connectivity and 0 and 10−3, respectively, with connectivity for a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 3:1 or higher.ConclusionThe joint use of both magnitude and phase images helps to improve the removal of noise points in magnetic resonance images. This can prove useful in automating the visualization of phase images without the highly distractive phase noise in noise regions. Also, it is useful in susceptibility weighted imaging when taking the minimum intensity projections of variably sized regions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:727–735. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arterial visualization by contrast‐enhanced moving‐table MR angiography: Crossover comparison of 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/kg doses of meglumine gadopentetate in normal volunteers
Authors: Hayashi Hiromitsu , Yuasa Yuji , Amano Yasuo , Tanimoto Akihiro , Saito Yoko , Yoshioka Kunihiro , Kita Miho , Kumazaki Tatsuo , Hiramatsu Kyoichi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPurposeTo determine the appropriate dose of contrast medium for moving‐table MR angiography (MT‐MRA) from the abdominal aorta to the ankle by comparing visualization with different doses of meglumine gadopentetate (Gd‐DTPA) administered in crossover fashion to normal volunteers.Materials and MethodsTwelve healthy adults underwent imaging after crossover administration of 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/kg of Gd‐DTPA in random order. Continuous MT‐MRA was performed with a fast 3D spoiled gradient echo sequence without parallel imaging technique. Visualization was evaluated in a total of 252 arteries by three blinded readers who independently rated arterial visualization using a 5‐grade scale. Signal intensity was determined and the blood concentration of Gd‐DTPA was estimated.ResultsArterial visualization in the lower leg region was significantly better with a dose of 0.2 mmol/kg than with 0.1 mmol/kg (P < 0.001). For all regions assessed the estimated blood Gd‐DTPA level was significantly higher with 0.2 mmol/kg than with 0.1 mmol/kg (abdominal aorta, P = 0.030; superficial femoral artery, P < 0.001; posterior tibial artery, P = 0.039). The vascular signal enhancement ratio and artery‐to‐muscle signal ratio were significantly higher in the upper leg and lower leg regions at 0.2 mmol/kg.ConclusionWith continuous MT‐MRA imaging from the abdomen to the ankle in normal volunteers, better arterial visualization and superior contrast were achieved with 0.2 mmol/kg of Gd‐DTPA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:783–790. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance detection of kidney iron deposition in sickle cell disease: A marker of chronic hemolysis
Authors: Schein Aaron , Enriquez Cathleen , Coates Thomas D. , Wood John C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPurposeTo study the pattern, etiology, and significance of renal iron accumulation in chronically transfused sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia major (TM) patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 75 SCD patients, 73 TM patients, and 16 healthy controls. Multiecho gradient echo protocols were used to measure T2* reciprocals (R2*) in the kidney, liver, and heart. Kidney R2* was compared to tissue iron estimates, serum iron markers, and surrogates of intravascular hemolysis by univariate regression.ResultsMean R2* in SCD patients was 55.3 ± 45.3 Hz, compared with 22.1 ± 11 Hz in TM patients and 21.3 ± 5.8 Hz in control subjects (P < 0.001). Kidney R2* decreased with advancing age (R2 = 0.09, P < 0.02). Kidney R2* correlated strongly with increased serum lactate dehydrogenase levels found in SCD (R2 = 0.55, P < 0.001), but was independent of hepatic iron concentration and cardiac R2*. Kidney R2* did not correlate with blood pressure, creatinine, cardiac index, or right and left ejection fraction.ConclusionIntravascular hemolysis, not chronic transfusion, causes renal hemosiderosis in SCD. Prospective trials are necessary to determine whether kidney R2* is a biomarker for hemolysis‐mediated vascular complications in SCD. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:698–704. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of self‐gated cine MRI retrospective cardiac synchronization algorithms
Authors: Nijm Grace M. , Sahakian Alan V. , Swiryn Steven , Carr James C. , Sheehan John J. , Larson Andrew C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether improved self‐gating (SG) algorithms can provide superior synchronization accuracy for retrospectively gated cine MRI.Materials and MethodsFirst difference, template matching, and polynomial fitting algorithms were implemented to improve the synchronization of MRI data using cardiac SG signals. Cine datasets were acquired during short‐axis, two‐, three‐, and four‐chamber cardiac MRI scans. The root‐mean‐square (RMS) error of SG synchronization positions compared to detected R‐wave positions were calculated along with the mean square error (MSE) and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) comparing SG to electrocardiogram (ECG)‐gated images. Overall image quality was also compared by two expert reviewers.ResultsRMS errors were highest for the first difference method for all orientations. Improvements for both template matching and cubic polynomial fitting methods were significant for two‐, three‐, and four‐chamber scans. MSE values were lower and PSNR were significantly higher for the cubic method compared to the first difference method for all orientations. Reviewers scored the images to be of comparable quality.ConclusionTemplate matching and polynomial fitting improved the accuracy of cardiac cycle synchronization for two‐, three‐, and four‐chamber scans; improvements in SG synchronization accuracy were reflected in improvements in analytical image quality. Implementation of robust postprocessing algorithms may bring SG approaches closer to clinical utilization. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:767–772. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wave diffraction by a strip with first and second kind boundary conditions: the real wave number case
Authors: Castro L. P. , Kapanadze D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe prove unique existence of solution for a class of plane wave diffraction problems by a strip with first and second kind boundary conditions. This is done in a Bessel potential spaces framework, and for a real (noncomplex) wave number. At the end, results about the regularity (and data dependence) of the solution are exhibited upon the initial setting and the boundary parameters. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On Kummer extensions of the power series field
Authors: Tornero José M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper we study the Kummer extensions K ′ of a power series field K = k ((X1, …, Xr)), where k is an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic, with special emphasis in the case where K ′ is generated by a Puiseux power series. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Existence of a non‐reflexive embedding with birational Gauss map for a projective variety
Authors: Fukasawa Satoru , Kaji Hajime 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe study the relationship between the generic smoothness of the Gauss map and the reflexivity (with respect to the projective dual) for a projective variety defined over an algebraically closed field. The problem we discuss here is whether it is possible for a projective variety X in ℙN to re‐embed into some projective space ℙM so as to be non‐reflexive with generically smooth Gauss map. Our result is that the answer is affirmative under the assumption that X has dimension at least 3 and the differential of the Gauss map of X in ℙN is identically zero; hence the projective varietyX re‐embedded in ℙM yields a negative answer to Kleiman–Piene's question: Does the generic smoothness of the Gauss map imply reflexivity for a projective variety? A Fermat hypersurface in ℙN with suitable degree in positive characteristic is known to satisfy the assumption above. We give some new, other examples of X in ℙN satisfying the assumption. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Arens multiplication on Banach algebras related to locally compact semigroups
Authors: Maghsoudi S. , Nasr–Isfahani R. , Rejali A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLet S be a locally compact semigroup, let ω be a weight function on S, and let Ma (S, ω) be the weighted semigroup algebra of S. Let L∞0 (S;Ma (S, ω)) be the C*‐algebra of allMa (S, ω)‐measurable functions g on S such that g /ω vanishes at infinity. We introduce and study an Arens multiplication on L∞0 (S;Ma (S, ω))* under which Ma (S, ω) is a closed ideal. We show that the weighted measure algebra M (S, ω) plays an important role in the structure of L∞0 (S;Ma (S, ω))*. We then study Arens regularity of L∞0 (S;Ma (S, ω))* and ist relation with Arens regularity of Ma (S, ω), M (S, ω) and the discrete convolution algebra ℓ1(S, ω). As the main result, we prove that L∞0 (S;Ma (S, ω))* is Arens regular if and only if S is finite, or S is discrete and Ω is zero cluster. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Shifting the Sterile Processing Department Paradigm: A Mandate for Change
Authors: Swanson Scott C. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTSTERILE PROCESSING DEPARTMENT (SPD) staff members have the difficult task of processing complicated instrumentation, containing costs, and managing limited resources; and how they face these challenges has a direct effect on patient care.RECENT TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES require SPD staff members to be more knowledgeable about what instrument trays are used together and the conditions in which they are used to help prevent costly delays in processing.THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES how one health care system was successful in facing these challenges by implementing a solid orientation and education program. AORN J 88 (August 2008) 241–247. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Controlled‐Substance Returns in the Operating Suite
Authors: Sharer Kevin B. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTDRUG DIVERSION is an ongoing problem in health care settings. The potential for drug diversion incidents in the perioperative area is high because of the availability of narcotics and other controlled substances and the stresses of working in this environment.THE FLOW OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES traditionally has been monitored by various accounting systems, but these systems can be inaccurate because the returned medications rarely are tested to verify that they have not been diluted or replaced. Returned medications are not routinely tested because of the expense and time involved.ENHANCED PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY is one technology that can validate returned medications quickly and inexpensively. AORN J 88 (August 2008) 249–252. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Evaluating the Evidence: Guidelines
Authors: Hanson Diane , Hoss Brenda L. , Wesorick Bonnie 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTGUIDELINES ARE COLLECTIONS of practical information that assist with clinical decision making. Evidence‐based guideline development includes a critique of the quality and an evaluation of the strength of published evidence.EVOLUTION FROM opinion‐based to evidence‐based guidelines is incomplete in many of the organizations that author them, so perioperative nurses must become skillful at critiquing guideline development methodologies and clinical content.THE AGREE INSTRUMENT is useful for evaluating guideline development. Nurses have access to evidence‐based guidelines registered online through the National Guideline Clearinghouse. AORN J 88 (August 2008) 184–196. © AORN, Inc, 2008.