bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neodymium(II) and Dysprosium(II) Iodides in the Reactions with Metallocenes of d‐Transition Metals
Authors: Burin Mikhail E. , Smirnova Marina V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Baranov Eugeny V. , Bochkarev Mikhail N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractHeating NdI2 (1) or DyI2 (2) with vanadocene (3) in benzene at 85 °C led to the formation of bis(benzene)vanadium in 10 and 24 % yields, respectively. The lanthanide products were isolated in the form of CpLnI2(THF)3 after crystallization from THF. The interaction of 2 with 3 in isopropylbenzene at 90 °C yielded a mixture of (arene)2V complexes from which a small amount of bis(isopropylbenzene)vanadium was isolated. The same reaction did not occur in mesitylene. From the reaction of 2 with 3 in molten naphthalene at 100 °C, the heterobimetallic cluster {[CpDy(μ‐I)2]7Cp2V(μ‐I)}(4) was isolated in low yield. The reaction of Cp2Cr with 1 or 2 in benzene at ambient temperature afforded the dimer [CpCr(μ‐I)]2 (5) and a dysprosium complex, Cp2DyI (6) (in the reaction with 2). When the reaction with 2 was carried out at 80 °C, along with compound 6, the ‐ate complex {[Cp2DyI2]–[Cp2Cr]+}(7) was crystallized from the reaction solution. Nickelocene was reduced by 2 in benzene at 80 °C to nickel metal. The dysprosium product was isolated as solvent‐free complex 6. Ferrocene and cobaltocene did not react with 1 and 2 in benzene. The molecular structures of compounds 4, 5, and 7 were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis and Structure of Two Ionic Copper Indium Selenolate Cluster Complexes [As(C6H5)4]2[Cu6In4(SeC6H5)16Cl4] and [As(C6H5)4][Cu7In4(SeC6H5)20]
Authors: Ahlrichs Reinhart , Crawford Nathan R. M. , Eichhöfer Andreas , Fenske Dieter , Hampe Oliver , Kappes Manfred M. , Olkowska‐Oetzel Jolanta 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe reaction of PhSeSiMe3, CuCl, InCl3, and Ph4AsCl in CH2Cl2 results in crystals of the structurally closely related, ionic clusters (AsPh4)2[Cu6In4Cl4(SePh)16] and (AsPh4)[Cu7In4(SePh)20], with product ratios dependent on the initial PhSeSiMe3 concentration. Both molecules display a fused four‐adamantoid structure related to the solid‐state structure of CuInSe2. Since the crystallographic analysis for [Cu7In4(SePh)20]– remained ambiguous with respect to the assignment of one of the copper atoms, we performed a high‐resolution mass spectrometric analysis as well as DFT computations to address this problem. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The illusion of group productivity: a reduction of failures explanation
Authors: Nijstad Bernard A. , Stroebe Wolfgang , Lodewijkx Hein F. M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIt has consistently been found that people produce more ideas when working alone as compared to when working in a group. Yet, people generally believe that group brainstorming is more effective than individual brainstorming. Further, group members are more satisfied with their performance than individuals, whereas they have generated fewer ideas. We argue that this ‘illusion of group productivity’ is partly due to a reduction of cognitive failures (instances in which someone is unable to generate ideas) in a group setting. Three studies support that explanation, showing that: (1) group interaction leads to a reduction of experienced failures and that failures mediate the effect of setting on satisfaction; and (2) manipulations that affect failures also affect satisfaction ratings. Implications for group work are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monte Carlo simulations of biomolecules: The MC module in CHARMM
Authors: Hu Jie , Ma Ao , Dinner Aaron R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe describe the implementation of a general and flexible Monte Carlo (MC) module for the program CHARMM, which is used widely for modeling biomolecular systems with empirical energy functions. Construction and use of an almost arbitrary move set with only a few commands is made possible by providing several predefined types of moves that can be combined. Sampling can be enhanced by noncanonical acceptance criteria, automatic optimization of step sizes, and energy minimization. A systematic procedure for improving MC move sets is introduced and applied to simulations of two peptides. The resulting move sets allow MC to sample the configuration spaces of these systems much more rapidly than Langevin dynamics. The rate of convergence of the difference in free energy between ethane and methanol in explicit solvent is also examined, and comparable performances are observed for MC and the Nosé–Hoover algorithm. Its ease of use combined with its sampling efficiency make the MC module in CHARMM an attractive alternative for exploring the behavior of biomolecular systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 203–216, 2006
The corneal epithelial surface in the eyes of vertebrates: Environmental and evolutionary influences on structure and function
Authors: Collin Shaun P. , Collin H. Barry 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe smooth optical surface of the cornea is maintained by a tear film, which adheres to a variety of microprojections. These microprojections increase the cell surface area and are thought to improve the movement of oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic products across the outer cell membranes. However, little is known of these structural adaptations in vertebrates inhabiting different environments. This field emission scanning electron microscopic study examined the cell density and surface structure of corneal epithelial cells across 51 representative species of all vertebrate classes from a large range of habitats (aquatic, amphibious, terrestrial, and aerial). In particular, we wished to extend the range of vertebrates to include agnathans and some uniquely Australian species, such as the Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri), the Australian galah (Eolophus roseicapillus), the Australian koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), and the rat‐tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata). Epithelial cell densities ranged from 28,860 ± 9,214 cells mm−2 in the flathead sole Hippoglossoides elassodon (a marine teleost) to 2,126 ± 713 cells mm−2 in the Australian koala (a terrestrial mammal), which may indicate a reduction in osmotic stress across the corneal surface. A similar reduction in cell density occurred from marine to estuarine to freshwater species. The structure and occurrence of microholes, microplicae, microridges, and microvilli are also described with respect to the demands placed on the cornea in different environments. All species that spend significant periods out of an aquatic environment possess microvilli and/or microplicae. These include all of our species of Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, and even one species of Teleostei (Australian lungfish). Well‐developed microridges occur only in teleosts in high osmolarity environments such as marine or estuarine habitats. Clear interspecific differences in corneal surface structure suggest a degree of adaptive plasticity, in addition to some phylogenetic trends. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivometabolite detection and identification in drug discovery via LC‐MS/MS with data‐dependent scanning and postacquisition data mining
Authors: Triolo Antonio , Altamura Maria , Dimoulas Tula , Guidi Antonio , Lecci Alessandro , Tramontana Manuela 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAn important aspect in drug discovery is the early structural identification of the metabolites of potential new drugs. This gives information on the metabolically labile points in the molecules under investigation, suggesting structural modifications to improve their metabolic stability, and allowing an early safety assessment via the identification of metabolic activation products. From an analytical point of view, metabolite identification still remains a challenging task, especially forin vivosamples, in which they occur at trace levels together with high amounts of endogenous compounds. Here we describe a method, based on LC‐ion trap tandem MS, for the rapidin vivometabolite identification. It is based on the automatic, data‐dependent acquisition of multiple product ion MS/MS scans, followed by a postacquisition search, within the entire MS/MS data set obtained, for specific neutral losses or marker ions in the tandem mass spectra of parent molecule and putative metabolites. One advantage of the method is speed, since it requires minimum sample preparation and all the necessary data can be obtained in one chromatographic run. In addition, it is highly sensitive and selective, allowing detection of trace metabolites even in the presence of a complex matrix. As an example of application, we present the studies of thein vivometabolism of the compound MEN 15916 (1). The method allowed identification of monohydroxy ([M + H]+=m/z655), dihydroxy ([M + H]+=m/z671), and trihydroxy ([M + H]+=m/z687) metabolites, as well as some unexpected biotransformation products such as a carboxylic acid ([M + H]+=m/z669), aN‐dealkylated metabolite ([M + H]+=m/z541), and its hydroxy‐analog ([M + H]+=m/z557). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vergleichende Betrachtung von Verfahren zur Auswertung von Nährstoffsteigerungsversuchen am Beispiel Phosphor
Authors: Munk Harald , Heyn Johannes , Rex Martin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDas Wachstum landwirtschaftlicher Kulturen als Funktion des Einsatzes von Wachstumsfaktoren folgt grundsätzlich der „Regel vom abnehmenden Ertragszuwachs”︁, die unter anderem von Mitscherlich (1928) und von Boguslawski und Schneider (1962, 1963, 1964) mathematisch formuliert wurde. Auf Basis dieser zwei Wachstumsfunktionen wurden EDV‐Programme zur Auswertung von Feldversuchen und zur Ableitung des wirtschaftlich optimalen Düngerbedarfs entwickelt und mit deren Hilfe die Düngungsoptima aus 43 mehrjährig durchgeführten Phosphat(P)‐Steigerungsversuchen abgeleitet und miteinander verglichen. Drei Versuche mit linearer oder überproportionaler Abhängigkeit des Ertragszuwachses von der P‐Düngung ließen sich mit beiden Methoden nicht sinnvoll verrechnen. Das Gleiche galt für vier Versuche, bei denen der Höchstertrag bereits in der ersten Düngungsstufe eintrat. In 36 Versuchen, deren Ergebnisse der „Regel vom abnehmenden Ertragszuwachs”︁ entsprachen, ergab sich eine sehr enge Übereinstimmung beider Verfahren hinsichtlich der errechneten Rentabilitätsoptima (R2 = 0,946). Die Korrelationskoeffizienten zwischen dem P‐Saldo im Rentabilitätsoptimum und dem CAL‐P‐Gehalt im Boden zu Beginn des Versuchs lagen bei R2 = 0,70 (Mitscherlich, 1928) und R2 = 0,65 (von Boguslawski und Schneider, 1962, 1963, 1964). Der daraus abgeleitete Bereich für den optimalen P‐Vorrat im Boden (P‐Düngungsoptimum entspricht P‐Abfuhr) lag bei 8–10 mg CAL‐P (100 g Boden)–1. Beide Verfahren sind zur Ableitung des P‐Düngungsoptimums geeignet, wenn der Ertragsverlauf im Sinne der „Regel vom abnehmenden Ertragszuwachs”︁ erfolgt und wenn die Nährstoffsteigerungsreihe so angelegt ist, dass innerhalb dieser Reihe abnehmende Mehrerträge zu erwarten sind.
Cadmium‐induced oxidative stress and protection by L‐Galactono‐1, 4‐lactone in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Zhao Zhongqiu , Cai Yunlong , Zhu Yongguan , Kneer Ralf 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTwo hydroponic culture experiments were conducted to investigate cadmium (Cd)‐induced oxidative stress in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings and the effects of L‐Galactono‐1, 4‐lactone (GalL), the biosynthetic precursor of the antioxidant ascorbate (AsA), on the oxidative stress induced by Cd. In experiment 1, with application of Cd (0, 10, 25, 50 µM) in nutrient solution, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as membrane permeability in both shoots and roots were significantly increased, indicating Cd‐induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation as well as plasma‐membrane damage in the plants. In experiment 2, H2O2 levels in plants exposed to Cd were significantly reduced by the addition of GalL (25 mM), associated with increased activities of peroxidase (POD), indicating that GalL alleviated the oxidative stress induced by Cd. Unexpectedly, however, the MDA levels were not reduced by the addition of GalL. Does Cd also induce lipid peroxidation directly besides via formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)? This needs further study.
A quick and efficient screen for resistance to iron toxicity in lowland rice
Authors: Asch Folkard , Becker Mathias , Kpongor Dilys S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIron (Fe) toxicity is a major stress to rice in many lowland environments worldwide. Due to excessive uptake of Fe2+ by the roots and its acropetal translocation into the leaves, toxic oxygen radicals may form and damage cell structural components, thus impairing physiological processes. The typical visual symptom is the “bronzing” of the rice leaves, leading to substantial yield losses, particularly when toxicity occurs during early vegetative growth stages. The problem is best addressed through genotype improvement, i.e., tolerant cultivars. However, the time of occurrence and the severity of symptoms and yield responses vary widely among soil types, years, seasons, and genotypes. Cultivars resistant in one system may fail when transferred to another. Better targeting of varietal improvement requires selection tools improving our understanding of the resistance mechanisms and strategies of rice in the presence of excess iron. A phytotron study was conducted to develop a screen for seedling resistance to Fe toxicity based on individual plants subjected to varying levels of Fe (0–3000 mg L–1 Fe supplied as Fe(II)SO4), stress duration (1–5 d of exposure), vapor‐pressure deficit (VPD; 1.1 and 1.8 kPa), and seedling age (14 and 28 d). Genotypes were evaluated based on leaf‐bronzing score and tissue Fe concentrations. A clear segregation of the genotypic tolerance spectrum was obtained when scoring 28 d old seedlings after 3 d of exposure to 2000 mg L–1 Fe in a high‐VPD environment. In most cases, leaf‐bronzing scores were highly correlated with tissue Fe concentration (visual differentiation in includer and excluder types). The combination of these two parameters also identified genotypes tolerating high levels of Fe in the tissue while showing only few leaf symptoms (tolerant includers). The screen allows selecting genotypes with low leaf‐bronzing score as resistant to Fe toxicity, and additional analyses of the tissue Fe concentration of those can identify the general adaptation strategy to be utilized in breeding programs.
Chernozem—Soil of the Year 2005
Authors: Altermann Manfred , Rinklebe Jörg , Merbach Ines , Körschens Martin , Langer Uwe , Hofmann Bodo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe proclamation of the “Soil of the Year” was made for the first time in Germany in 2005 on occasion of the World Soil Day. Chernozems were selected for this purpose. In this paper an overview of these groups of soils is given. Chernozems are concentrated in the drought region of Central Germany. A standard profile from the core area of Chernozems developed from loess is presented with comprehensive laboratory analysis. Chernozems developed primarily upon carbonatic loess substrates under summer‐dry climatic conditions in an open park‐like landscape with isolated forest stands. The development of Chernozems began as early as the late glacial period, and they were fully developed by the Atlantikum age. The far‐reaching, uniformly thick humus horizons indicate substrate differences in the loess cover, which are partly the result of bioturbation. Within Germany, Chernozems and Chernozem‐like soils make up approx. 3% of the surface area and 5% (approx. 11,000 km2) of the arable land. The results of the Static Fertilization Experiment in Bad Lauchstädt, founded in 1902, clarify the high value of Chernozem for biomass production and the environment. Each loss due to erosion or decrease in surface area reduces the fulfillment of soil ecological functions of the soils and is comparable to a loss of animal and plant species. Therefore, soil scientists and the results of soil research must be more comprehensively implemented for soil preservation, protection, and politics. For acceptance of these goals among the general public and the political‐decision makers, the campaign “Soil of the Year” should give some thought‐provoking impulses.
Accumulation soils like “Ockererde”—forgotten soil units in soil‐classification systems
Authors: Fiedler Sabine , Jahn Reinhold 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAccumulation soils like those known as “Ockererde” are not yet represented in the German and in international soil‐classification systems, even though they represent important members of catenas found in humid low‐mountain areas influenced by the translocation of interpedon matter. Currently, this soil is referred to as “(Hang‐)Oxigley”, though this does not take into account its water and matter dynamics. Six representative catenas in the Black Forest (SW Germany) will be used to describe the occurrence, extent, and properties of the accumulation‐affected “Ockererde” derived from a variety of parent materials at specific altitudes. On the basis of their morphological, chemical, and physical properties as well as matter dynamics, it is possible to distinguish “Ockererde” clearly from soil units with similar characteristics (“Lockerbraunerde”, Andosols). Finally, suggestions will be given for the classification of “Ockererde”.
k‐t BLAST reconstruction from non‐Cartesian k‐t space sampling
Authors: Hansen Michael S. , Baltes Christof , Tsao Jeffrey , Kozerke Sebastian , Pruessmann Klaas P. , Eggers Holger 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCurrent implementations of k‐t Broad‐use Linear Acqusition Speed‐up Technique (BLAST) require the sampling in k‐t space to conform to a lattice. To permit the use of k‐t BLAST with non‐Cartesian sampling, an iterative reconstruction approach is proposed in this work. This method, which is based on the conjugate gradient (CG) method and gridding reconstruction principles, can efficiently handle data that are sampled along non‐Cartesian trajectories in k‐t space. The approach is demonstrated on prospectively gated radial and retrospectively gated Cartesian imaging. Compared to a sliding window (SW) reconstruction, the resulting image series exhibit lower artifact levels and improved temporal fidelity. The proposed approach thus allows investigators to combine the specific advantages of non‐Cartesian imaging or retrospective gating with the acceleration provided by k‐t BLAST. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal recording electrode placement in the lumbrical–interossei comparison study
Authors: Al‐Shekhlee Amer , Filho Jose A. Fernandes , Sukul Devraj , Preston David C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe lumbrical–interossei comparison study is commonly employed in the electrodiagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Placement of the recording electrodes relies on anatomic landmarks as the muscles being recorded cannot be seen or palpated. To determine the optimal active electrode location, 15 controls and 5 patients were studied using a grid of 12 electrodes placed over the lateral palm. Amplitudes, rise‐times, and latencies of the responses at each location were measured. The lowest control latency difference was located in the lateral mid‐proximal palm (mean 0 ms, upper range of 0.5 ms). This location also had the highest lumbrical amplitude and rise‐time. More distal in the palm, the mean latency difference increased to 0.5 ms with an upper range of 0.9 ms. When performing the lumbrical–interossei comparison study, it is essential to place the active recording electrode in the optimal location. Failure to do so will result in an increased number of false‐positive studies. Muscle Nerve, 2006
A branch‐and‐cut algorithm for the quay crane scheduling problem in a container terminal
Authors: Moccia Luigi , Cordeau Jean‐François , Gaudioso Manlio , Laporte Gilbert 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe quay crane scheduling problem consists of determining a sequence of unloading and loading movements for cranes assigned to a vessel in order to minimize the vessel completion time as well as the crane idle times. Idle times originate from interferences between cranes since these roll on the same rails and a minimum safety distance must be maintained between them. The productivity of container terminals is often measured in terms of the time necessary to load and unload vessels by quay cranes, which are the most important and expensive equipment used in ports. We formulate the quay crane scheduling problem as a vehicle routing problem with side constraints, including precedence relationships between vertices. For small size instances our formulation can be solved by CPLEX. For larger ones we have developed a branch‐and‐cut algorithm incorporating several families of valid inequalities, which exploit the precedence constraints between vertices. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
Single and multi‐interval Legendre spectral methods in time for parabolic equations
Authors: Tang Jian‐guo , Ma He‐ping 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this article, we take the parabolic equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions as a model to present the Legendre spectral methods both in spatial and in time. Error analysis for the single/multi‐interval schemes in time is given. For the single interval spectral method in time, we obtain a better error estimate in L2‐norm. For the multi‐interval spectral method in time, we obtain the L2‐optimal error estimate in spatial. By choosing approximate trial and test functions, the methods result in algebraic systems with sparse forms. A parallel algorithm is constructed for the multi‐interval scheme in time. Numerical results show the efficiency of the methods. The methods are also applied to parabolic equations with Neumann boundary conditions, Robin boundary conditions and some nonlinear PDEs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006
Delivering long‐term follow‐up care to pediatric cancer survivors: Transitional care issues
Authors: Ginsberg Jill P. , Hobbie Wendy L. , Carlson Claire A. , Meadows Anna T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractOne of the major challenges faced by young adult survivors of childhood cancer is the transition from a specialized pediatric care facility to adult‐based health care that provides appropriate follow‐up. This review summarizes the issues regarding the necessity of this transition, including a brief history of follow‐up care of childhood cancer survivors. The general principles of transition care, as well as the barriers and obstacles specific to this population are outlined with the advantages and limitations of several models of transition care that could be considered. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.