bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Survival and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Neonates Born Very Preterm
Authors: Camacho-Sampaio Margarida , Cordeiro Catarina , Leuzinger-Dias Catarina , Dias Ana , Faria Dolores , Taborda Adelaide 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Preterm infants are a vulnerable population at high risk for mortality, morbidity, and neurodevelopmental impairments that carry lifelong consequences. Knowledge of survival and sequelae by gestational age is of great importance in order to be able to guide parents and health professionals. The aim of this study is to evaluate perinatal morbidity, mortality and neurodevelopment impairment by gestational age (GA) and analyze the impact of perinatal factors on neurodevelopment outcomes of very preterm (VPT) infants. We conducted a retrospective cohort study off all infants born with < 32 weeks of GA, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a tertiary maternity hospital from 2013 to 2021. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 24 months of post-menstrual-age, using Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales II (GMDS-II). Moderate to severe neurodevelopment impairment (NDI) was considered in the presence of at least one of the following: global development quotient GMDS-II < 70, cerebral palsy (CP), severe visual impairment or profound sensorineural deafness. There were 311 VPT infants assessed for eligibility, 38 (10.9%) neonatal deaths and 37 (11.9%) losses to follow-up. Neurodevelopment evaluation was performed in 274 infants, 6.2% had moderate to severe NDI. GMDS-II global score < 70 was verified in 4.7%. CP was diagnosed in 3.3%, profound sensorineural deafness in 0.7% and severe visual impairment in 0.7%. The survival and survival without NDI were inversely related to GA. At 25 weeks of GA the survival rate without sequelae exceeded deaths and from 29 weeks the survival rate without NDI was ≥ 88%. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, GA was a protective factor for moderate to severe NDI or death (aOR 0.66; CI 95% 0.46–0.95), whereas being male (aOR 3.43; CI 95% 1.62–7.23) and resuscitation with tracheal intubation (aOR 6.36; CI 95% 2.90-13.59) were independent risk factors. Gestational age is the most significant and independent predictor of NDI. This work provides information not only on survival, but also on neurodevelopment in VPT stratified according to GA, and allows us to inform parents and health care professionals of the risks inherent in this population.
Health Impact of Alcohol Use in the United States
Authors: Shield Kevin , Keyes Katherine , Martinez Priscilla , Milam Adam J. , Rehm Jürgen , Naimi Timothy S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Alcohol is consumed by an estimated 137.4 million people in the United States 12 years of age and older, and, as a result, is estimated to have caused about 140 thousand deaths among people 20 to 64 years of age each year from 2015 up to and including 2019.
Methods
The proposed proposed review of the evidence on alcohol’s impact to health aims to produce conclusions to inform the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2026–2030. A multi-method approach will be utilized to formulate conclusions on (i) weekly (i.e., average) thresholds to minimize long-term and short-term risks of morbidity and mortality, (ii) daily thresholds to minimize the short-term risk of injury or acute illness due to per occasion drinking, (iii) alcohol use among vulnerable populations (e.g., pregnant women), and (iv) situations and circumstances that are hazardous for alcohol use. To inform expert discussions, this project will also include a systematic review of existing low-risk drinking guidelines, a systematic review of meta-analyses which examine alcohol’s impact on key attributable disease and mortality outcomes, and of estimates of the lifetime absolute risk of alcohol-attributable mortality and morbidity based on a person’s sex and average level of alcohol use. The preliminary conclusions produced as a result of this project will undergo public consultation, and data from these consultations will be analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The results of the public consultations will be used to further revise and refine the project’s conclusions.
Discussion
This project will establish a scientific consensus concerning alcohol’s impact on health. This consensus is imperative for informing the upcoming Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2026–2030, and for better informing individuals about the health risks associated with alcohol use.
Five-year tuberculosis trends analysis in eight districts of Mwanza region, Tanzania; (2017- 2021)
Authors: Beyanga Medard , Chegou Novel N , Walzl Gerhard , Mshana Stephen , Christa Kasang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background.
In Tanzania like other developing countries, TB detection is hindered by totally missed, late notification and delayed diagnosis of active cases. Apart from having TB control strategies and interventions to detect patients and put them on treatment to cut down the chain of transmission, we are unaware of the existing burden and trends of tuberculosis for the previous five years in the Mwanza region. This study aimed at determining trends of tuberculosis in Mwanza region Tanzania for a period of five years, from 2017 to 2021.
Methods.
We extracted routine TB diagnostic data from 2017 to 2021 from eight districts of the Mwanza region of Tanzania from the electronic TB database. Data were captured in Microsoft office Excel 2007 in collaboration with district TB and leprosy coordinators and then imported into STATA 13 (Stata corp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) for analysis. We estimated TB case detection rate per 100,000 population.
Results.
A total of 6,414 laboratory confirmed tuberculosis cases were detected in eight districts of Mwanza region in Tanzania during the year 2017 to 2021. Average tuberculosis detection rate in five years was 34.7 per 100,000 population. Overall, TB the detection rate was two times higher in people without HIV (30.5) compared to those infected with HIV; 13.4 per 100,000 population. Of the 15 rifampicin resistant TB cases detected, 66.7% (10/15) were uninfected with HIV compared to 33.3% (5/15) that were detected in year 2018.
Conclusion
The TB case detection rate decreased in Mwanza region from 43.9 in 2017 to 21.4 per 100,000 population in 2021. Other parameters were missing in the data base which highlight remarkable gaps in the established database to monitor TB management in the region. The program require to investigate and improve on barriers hindering fully documentation of cases information’s which are very necessary for the program to attain its goals.
Compressive Stress-strain Relationships of Laminated Bamboo under Service Temperature
Authors: Guan Shanyue , Zhao Jiucheng , Tian Liya , Zhang Shizhong , Zhao Hongwei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Laminated bamboo is a novel green building material, understanding its mechanical properties at service temperatures is essential for structural safety and optimal design. However, currently there is no constitutive model capable of effectively predicting the compressive stress-strain relationship of laminated bamboo under the influence of service temperatures. This paper examines the influence of service temperature on the stress-strain relationship in laminated bamboo. Based on the fundamental form of the Weibull cumulative distribution, a constitutive model is proposed that can simulate the stress-strain relationship of laminated bamboo under varying temperature conditions, including strain hardening and thermal softening characteristics. Additionally, four constitutive models previously successfully applied to laminated bamboo or other bamboo composites were modified and analyzed for their capability to predict the compressive stress-strain relationship of bamboo-based materials under different temperature. The findings of this study not only guide the application of bamboo-based engineered materials in actual engineering structures, enhancing the precision and safety of structural designs, optimizing material usage, reducing waste, and lowering costs, but also provide valuable references for the research and application of other bamboo composite materials.
Spinal cord hypertension syndrome after unilateral biportal endoscopy surgery of Lumbar stenosis with lumbar disc herniation：A case report
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Li Dawei , Liu Zheng , Zheng Yingjie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Unilateral biportal endoscopy(UBE）technology is a minimally invasive surgical technology that has emerged in recent years to treat lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis. It operates through water media to achieve disc removal or spinal canal decompression. However, as the application of surgery increases, some rare complications have also appeared. This article makes a case report on a type of patient with spinal cord hypertension syndrome that occurred in our hospital.
Case description: We report a case of a 52-year-old female patient with pain and numbness in her lower limbs. Examination revealed degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar disc herniation. The patient underwent unilateral laminectomy bilateral decompression(ULBD) and endoscopic lumbar discectomy without lumbar fusion or fixation. If the patient develops spinal cord hypertension syndrome during the operation, we will handle it accordingly, aiming to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Conclusion: Spinal cord hypertension syndrome focuses on prevention, early identification and detection are advocated, and timely treatment should be taken after occurrence.
Association between locomotive syndrome and visceral fat area
Authors: Miyazaki Tadashi , Ozato Naoki , Yamaguchi Tohru , Sugiura Yoko , Kawada Hiromitsu , Katsuragi Yoshihisa , Osaki Noriko , Mikami Tatsuya , Ito Ken , Murashita Koichi , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Tamada Yoshinori 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The association between locomotive syndrome (LS) and visceral fat area (VFA) has only been reported in the older population; however, the association between early stage LS (stage 1 [LS1]) and VFA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between LS1 and VFA across different age groups through cross-sectional analysis.
Methods
In total, 1,236 (524 males and 712 females) participants aged 20–85 years were categorised into non-LS (n = 884, 71.5%) and LS1 (n = 352, 28.5%) groups according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association diagnostic criteria. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between the presence of LS1 and VFA quartiles, age groups, and four groups: high VFA (73 cm2 < VFA) and non-older (age < 65 years), low VFA (VFA ≤ 73 cm2) and older (65 years ≤ age), high VFA and older, and low VFA and non-older groups, which was adjusted for sex, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass index, T-score, exercise habits, smoking status, and alcohol consumption.
Results
VFA was significantly associated with the prevalence of LS1 using multiple logistic analysis across VFA quartiles: Quartile 2 (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–2.83; p = 0.005), Quartile 3 (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.71–4.12; p < 0.001), and Quartile 4 (OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 2.41–7.07; p < 0.001), compared with Quartile 1. Age was also associated with LS1 prevalence. Finally, we investigated the association between LS1 and VFA across the age groups. The OR for each group was as follows: high VFA and non-older group (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.28–2.72; p = 0.001), low VFA and older group (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.94–5.14; p < 0.001), and high VFA and older group (OR, 6.43; 95% CI, 3.98–10.4; p < 0.001), compared with the low VFA and non-older group.
Conclusions
VFA is cumulatively associated with LS1 in relation to age in both the older and non-older groups. Our findings indicate that the management of VFA by diet and exercise is crucial not only for older but also non-older individuals to prevent LS1.
Effects of Clindamycin and Amoxycillin as Prophylaxis Against Early Implant Failure: Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pradillo-Gallego Diego , Manzano-Moreno Francisco Javier , Ocaña-peinado Francisco Manuel , Olmedo-Gaya Maria Victoria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective The objective of this randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was to compare the frequency of early implant failure, postoperative infection, and pain/inflammation and the degree of implant stability between healthy non-penicillin-allergic individuals receiving a single prophylactic dose of 600 mg clindamycin versus 2 g amoxicillin at 1 h before implant surgery.Materials and Methods We undertook a single-center double-blinded RCT with parallel groups. Eighty-two patients fulfilled study inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to the amoxicillin (n = 41) or clindamycin (n = 41) group. The primary outcome variable was early implant failure. The presence of infection was evaluated immediately after surgery and on days 7, 14, 30, and 90, and postoperative pain/inflammation was assessed daily on days 1 to 7 post-surgery. Resonance frequency analysis was used to measure primary and secondary implant stability.Results One early implant failure was observed (1/81), in a patient from the amoxicillin group. No statistically significant between-group differences were observed in early implant failure rate, postoperative infection rate up to 90 days, pain/inflammation scores during the first week post-surgery, or primary or secondary stability values.Conclusions A single dose of 600 mg clindamycin before implant surgery does not increase the risk of early implant failure or infection.Clinical relevance These findings suggest that a single dose of 600 mg clindamycin at 1 h before implant surgery is a safe antibiotic prophylactic approach; however, when a more prolonged antibiotic therapy is required, it appears advisable to prescribe an alternative antibiotic to avoid adverse effects.
Molecular docking of secondary metabolites of marine macroalgae Sargassum vulgare against exotoxin A
Authors: Baghernezhad Najme , Archangi Bita , Savari Ahmad , Amini Faedeh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Sargassumis described as possessing biological metabolites that have immuno-modulatory, analgesic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities. The purpose of this study was to discover the antibacterial activity of the secondary metabolites ofSargassum vulgareby in silico approach.S. vulgaresamples were collected from the coastal zone of Boushehr, Persian Gulf. Species identification was performed by morphological and molecular tests. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts ofS. vulgarewere subjected to GC-MS. The metabolites obtained from GC-MS were chosen as ligands to react with the protein receptor in molecular docking analysis using the PyRx software. Then nine top ligands with high binding affinity and acceptable interactions were evaluated for physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and drug-likeness properties with the SwissADME web server. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 28 secondary metabolites: 16 ethanolic and 12 methanolic compounds. A docking study of these bioactive compounds showed their binding affinity and ability to react with the exotoxin A ofPseudomonas aeruginosaand according to the ADME results, two compounds Dioctyl Benzene-1, 2-Dicarboxylate and Bis (6-Methylheptyl) Benzene-1, 2-Dicarboxylate were showed the better properties for drug targeting. Accordingly, this study will help to explore the potential ofS. vulgaremetabolites as drug compounds for the control ofPseudomonasinfections.
Prediction of the Fatty Acid Profiles of Iberian Pig Products by Near Infrared Spectroscopy: A Comparison Between Multiple Regression Tools and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Hernández-Jiménez Miriam , Revilla Isabel , Hernández-Ramos Pedro , Vivar-Quintana Ana María 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study the feasibility of predicting the lipid profiles of Iberian ham and shoulder samples by using NIRS technology was evaluated. Gas chromatography analysis was the reference method used. The muscles analyzed and recorded by NIRS were 76 Biceps femoris for Iberian hams and 72Brachiocephalicus for Iberian shoulders. NIR calibrations were carried out by using two methods: modified partial least squares regression (MPLS) and artificial neural networks (ANN). With the MPLS method it was possible to obtain equations with RSQ of > 0.5 for 5 individual fatty acids and 3 summations (PUFA, n-3 and n-6). The use of neural networks made it possible to find equations with RSQ of > 0.5 for 10 individual fatty acids, all of which are present in over 90% of the samples, and 5 summates (SFA, MUFA, PUFA, n-3 and n-6); finding that the calibration curves of the fatty acids C18:1, C18:2n6 and C18:3n3 presented RSQs of > 0.7. The results obtained indicate that NIR spectroscopy could be a very useful technology for the quality control of cured products as it allows estimating the main fatty constituents quickly and without using reagents.
Electrochemical meta-C−H Sulfonylation of Pyridines with Nucleophilic Sulfinates
Authors: Zeng Zhongyi , Qin Shi , Yang Mingkai , Xu Mingyao , Peng Zhi-Huan , Cai Jiating , Wang Shengdong , Gao Hui , Zhou Zhi , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Yi Wei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Considering the indispensable significance and utilities of meta-substituted pyridines in medicinal, chemical as well as materials science, a direct meta-selective C − H functionalization of pyridines is of paramount importance, but such reactions remain extremely limited and highly challenging. In general, established methods for meta C − H functionalization of pyridines rely on the utilization of tailored electrophilic reagents to realize the intrinsic polarity match. Herein, we report a complementary electrochemical methodology; diverse nucleophilic sulfinates allow unprecedented meta-sulfonylation of pyridines through a redox-neutral dearomatization-rearomatization strategy by a tandem dearomative cycloaddition/hydrogen-evolution electrooxidative C − H sulfonation of the resulting oxazino-pyridines/acid-promoted rearomatization sequence. Besides, several salient features, including exclusive regiocontrol, remarkable substrate/functional group compatibility, scale-up potential, and facile late-stage modification, have been demonstrated, which further contributes to the practicality and adaptability of this approach.
GALNT15, induced during adipogenesis of human SGBS cells but not in mouse 3T3-L1 cells, regulates adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Takahashi Asuka , Koike Ryo , Watanabe Shota , Kuribayashi Kyoko , Wabitsch Martin , Miyamoto Masahiko , Komuro Akihiko , Seki Mineaki , Nashimoto Masayuki , Ibuka Akiko , Yamashita Kikuji , Iwata Takeo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Adipogenesis involves intricate molecular mechanisms regulated by various transcription factors and signaling pathways. In this study, we aimed to identify factors specifically induced during adipogenesis in the human preadipocyte cell line, SGBS, but not in the mouse preadipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1. Microarray analysis revealed distinct gene expression profiles, with 1460 genes induced in SGBS cells and 1297 genes induced in 3T3-L1 cells during adipogenesis, with only 297 genes commonly induced. Among the genes uniquely induced in SGBS cells, we focused on GALNT15, which encodes polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase-15. Its expression increased transiently during adipogenesis in SGBS cells but remained low in 3T3-L1 cells. Overexpression of GALNT15 increased mRNA levels of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα) and leptin but had no significant impact on adipogenesis in SGBS cells. Conversely, knockdown of GALNT15 suppressed mRNA expression of adipocyte marker genes, reduced lipid accumulation, and decreased the percentage of cells with oil droplets. The induction of C/EBPα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ during adipogenesis was promoted or suppressed in SGBS cells subjected to overexpression or knockdown of GALNT15, respectively. These data suggest that GALNT15 is a novel regulatory molecule that enhances adipogenesis in SGBS cells.
DisruptionBench: A robust benchmarking framework for machine learning-driven disruption prediction
Authors: Lucas Spangher , Bonotto Matteo , Arnold William , Chayapathy Dhruva , Gallingani Tommaso , Spangher Alexander , Cannarile Francesco , Bigoni Daniele , De Marchi Eliana , Rea Cristina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Disruptions remain a major challenge to commercialization of fusion leveraging the tokamak configuration. Machine Learning (ML) holds promise for prediction in its flexibility and knowledge transfer between devices. However, the current body of ML-driven disruption prediction research lacks systematic benchmarking standards. This work introduces a novel benchmarking platform -- DisruptionBench -- encompassing nine modeling tasks tailored onto real-time tokamak operations: the cross of three test tokamaks (Alcator C-Mod, DIII-D, and EAST) with three test regimes (zero-shot, few-shot, and many-shot.) We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of four ML models re-implementing published ones as well as introducing two novel approaches – a GPT-2-like transformer and the Continuous Convolutional Neural Network (CCNN). Across all evaluation metrics, the CCNN demonstrates the most consistent and superior performance (best AUC=0.974), using the Alcator C-Mod tokamak as a test dataset. However, the GPT-2 architecture (best AUC=0.84) and the Hybrid Deep Learner (best AUC=0.92) re-implementation succeed in specific cases. Exploring the role of ''memory" in the transformer model, we observe that it often learns to recognize shot initiation, suggesting the potential utility of models with broader temporal context. Finally, as modeling demands for nuclear fusion datasets enter an era of unprecedented size and complexity, we characterize a newly compiled dataset spanning the entire operational history of Alcator C-Mod (1991-2016). These benchmarking, modeling, and data resources promise to accelerate the development of advanced ML-driven disruption prediction capabilities.