bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing and characterisation of 3D-printed sustained-release Timolol implants for glaucoma treatment
Authors: Paleel Fathima , Qin Mengqi , Tagalakis Aristides D. , Yu-Wai-Man Cynthia , Lamprou Dimitrios A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTimolol maleate (TML) is a beta-blocker drug that is commonly used to lower the intraocular pressure in glaucoma. This study focused on using a 3D printing (3DP) method for the manufacturing of an ocular, implantable, sustained-release drug delivery system (DDS). Polycaprolactone (PCL), and PCL with 5 or 10% TML implants were manufactured using a one-step 3DP process. Their physicochemical characteristics were analysed using light microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) / thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The in vitro drug release was evaluated by UV-spectrophotometry. Finally, the effect of the implants on cell viability in human trabecular meshwork cells was assessed. All the implants showed a smooth surface. Thermal analysis demonstrated that the implants remained thermally stable at the temperatures used for the printing, and FTIR studies showed that there were no significant interactions between PCL and TML. Both concentrations (5 & 10%) of TML achieved sustained release from the implants over the 8-week study period. All implants were non-cytotoxic to human trabecular cells. This study shows proof of concept that 3DP can be used to print biocompatible and personalised ocular implantable sustained-release DDSs for the treatment of glaucoma.
Graphical Abstract
Association Between Maladaptive Eating Behaviors Among Black Women and Vicarious Racial Discrimination Following a High-Profile Event
Authors: Brown Kristal Lyn , Bettencourt Amie F. , Hines Anika L. , Cooper Lisa A. , Gudzune Kimberly A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
Evidence suggests that racial discrimination causes stress among non-Hispanic Black women, and some Black women may cope with exposure to vicarious racial discrimination by engaging in maladaptive eating behaviors.

Methods
We examined eating behaviors among Black women (N = 254) before and after Freddie Gray’s death while in police custody. Maladaptive eating behaviors were assessed using the three-factor eating questionnaire. Our independent variables included the following: (1) time period and (2) geographic proximity to the event. Three two-way analysis of covariance tests were conducted to assess potential effects of geographic proximity (close, distant), time period in relation to unrest (before, after unrest), and their interaction on emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, and cognitive restraint controlling for participant age.

Results
There was a statistically significant main effect of proximity to the unrest on emotional eating, F (1, 252) = 5.64, p = .018, and partial η2 = .022 such that women living in close geographic proximity to the unrest reported higher mean levels of emotional eating as compared to those living more distant to the unrest. There was also a borderline statistically significant interaction between geographic proximity and time period on cognitive restraint, F (1, 252) = 3.89, p = .050, and partial η2 = .015.

Conclusion
Our study found a relationship between vicarious racial discrimination and maladaptive eating behaviors among Black women. Future work should examine stress related to vicarious racial discrimination and maladaptive eating behaviors longitudinally.
Uncertainties of landslide susceptibility prediction: influences of different study area scales and mapping unit scales
Authors: Huang Faming , Cao Yu , Li Wenbin , Catani Filippo , Song Guquan , Huang Jinsong , Yu Changshi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of different mapping unit scales and study area scales on the uncertainty rules of landslide susceptibility prediction (LSP). To illustrate various study area scales, Ganzhou City in China, its eastern region (Ganzhou East), and Ruijin County in Ganzhou East were chosen. Different mapping unit scales are represented by grid units with spatial resolution of 30 and 60 m, as well as slope units that were extracted by multi-scale segmentation method. The 3855 landslide locations and 21 typical environmental factors in Ganzhou City are first determined to create spatial datasets with input-outputs. Then, landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) of Ganzhou City, Ganzhou East and Ruijin County are produced using a support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), respectively. The LSMs of the above three regions are then extracted by mask from the LSM of Ganzhou City, along with the LSMs of Ruijin County from Ganzhou East. Additionally, LSMs of Ruijin at various mapping unit scales are generated in accordance. Accuracy and landslide susceptibility indexes (LSIs) distribution are used to express LSP uncertainties. The LSP uncertainties under grid units significantly decrease as study area scales decrease from Ganzhou City, Ganzhou East to Ruijin County, whereas those under slope units are less affected by study area scales. Of course, attentions should also be paid to the broader representativeness of large study areas. The LSP accuracy of slope units increases by about 6%–10% compared with those under grid units with 30 m and 60 m resolution in the same study area's scale. The significance of environmental factors exhibits an averaging trend as study area scale increases from small to large. The importance of environmental factors varies greatly with the 60 m grid unit, but it tends to be consistent to some extent in the 30 m grid unit and the slope unit.

Graphic abstract
Darboux theory of integrability in $$\mathbb {T}^n$$
Authors: Llibre Jaume , Valls Claudia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe develop the Darboux theory of integrability for polynomial vector fields in the n-dimensional torus $$\mathbb {T}^n$$

T

n

. We also provide the maximum number of invariant parallels and meridians that a polynomial vector field X on $$\mathbb {T}^n$$

T

n

can have in function of its degree.
Expanding the targeting scope of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing by Cas9 variants in Brassica
Authors: Li Wenjing , Li Xuan , Wang Chunyang , Huo Guanzhong , Zhang Xinru , Yu Jintai , Yu Xiaoxiao , Li Jing , Zhang Chao , Zhao Jianjun , Li Yan , Li Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9, presently the most widely used genome editing technology, has provided great potential for functional studies and plant breeding. However, the strict requirement for a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) has hindered the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system because the number of targetable genomic sites is limited. Recently, the engineered variants Cas9-NG, SpG, and SpRY, which recognize non-canonical PAMs, have been successfully tested in plants (mainly in rice, a monocot). In this study, we evaluated the targeted mutagenesis capabilities of these Cas9 variants in two important Brassica vegetables, Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa spp. pekinensis) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Both Cas9-NG and SpG induced efficient mutagenesis at NGN PAMs, while SpG outperformed Cas9-NG at NGC and NGT PAMs. SpRY achieved efficient editing at almost all PAMs (NRN > NYN), albeit with some self-targeting activity at transfer (T)-DNA sequences. And SpRY-induced mutants were detected in cabbage plants in a PAM-less fashion. Moreover, an adenine base editor was developed using SpRY and TadA8e deaminase that induced A-to-G conversions within target sites using non-canonical PAMs. Together, the toolboxes developed here induced successful genome editing in Chinese cabbage and cabbage. Our work further expands the targeting scope of genome editing and paves the way for future basic research and genetic improvement in Brassica.
Urban agglomeration, glocalisation, and the governance of scalar transformation in the global south: a case study from Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Tapscott Chris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn theorising the rapid expansion of urban agglomeration across the world, a significant body of work has examined the transformation of scale from the perspective of geographical size and the regulatory facets of devolved power. A further literature has examined what are seen as the relational dimensions in the transformation and constitution of space and the extent to which these are socially constructed. In this conceptualisation, scale is constituted and reconstituted by capitalist relations of production, social production, and consumption. The influence of capitalist relations on scale has most explicitly been illustrated by the impact of globalisation and the way it has served to weaken the regulatory powers of nation states and is simultaneously reordering the hierarchy of government power within them. Metropolitan governments have been exposed to global markets and to the influence of transnational corporations and, in a process of glocalisation, increasingly endeavour to create an entrepreneurial environment conducive to attract and retain foreign investment. Hitherto the interpenetration of the global and local has largely been studied in the context of urban agglomeration and scalar transformation in the global North. In an attempt to address this lacuna this article examines the manifestation of the process of glocalisation in metropolitan Cape Town in South Africa in the global South. It posits that the municipal government’s ambition to transform the city into a modern digitally based economy linked to global markets manifests many of the characteristics of glocalisation. Furthermore, it argues, far from promoting greater social inclusion in a highly unequal post-apartheid city, the economic model which has been adopted is exacerbating social inequality and poverty.
Strukturierte Individualisierung: Über das zeitdiagnostische Potenzial der Freundschaft
Authors: Liebold Renate , Pfaller Larissa 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungAls Teil der Selbstreflexion moderner Gesellschaften analysiert die soziologische Zeitdiagnose gesellschaftliche Wandlungsprozesse und deren zugrunde liegenden Strukturdynamiken und nimmt dabei je konkrete empirische Phänomene in den Blick, aus denen sie ihre Diagnose ableitet und veranschaulicht. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt mit dem Phänomen der Freundschaft einen solchen Gegenstandsbereich vor: Am Freundschaftsdiskurs lassen sich die Anforderungen der modernen Gesellschaft an das Individuum ablesen und vice versa werden auch gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen und Ereignisse in Freundschaftsbeziehungen verhandelt.Um das besondere zeitdiagnostische Potenzial der Freundschaft darzulegen, stellt der Artikel zunächst zentrale Merkmale der Freundschaft als Strukturtypus persönlicher Beziehungen vor. Im Anschluss führt er zwei Stränge soziologischer Modernisierungstheorie zusammen, um das spezifische zeitdiagnostische Potenzial der Freundschaft aufzuzeigen: Differenzierung und Individualisierung. Auf der einen Seite übernimmt Freundschaft in funktional ausdifferenzierten Gesellschaften eine sozial (re)integrierende und damit auf gesellschaftlicher Ebene strukturerhaltende Funktion. Auf der anderen Seite wirkt Freundschaft hochgradig individualisierend und fungiert als Raum der Selbstkonstitution moderner Subjekte. Anhand von Freundschaftsdiskursen lässt sich damit nicht nur das Verhältnis von Individuum und Gesellschaft, sowie der mit der Modernisierung verbundenen Prozesse von De- und Reintegration von Individuen rekonstruieren, sondern auch moderne Subjektkonstitution und Subjektverhältnisse. Schließlich sind es gerade die Ambivalenzen dieser „strukturierten Individualisierung“, die der Soziologie in der Freundschaftsforschung ein zeitdiagnostisches Instrument zur Verfügung stellt.
Efficient and flexible thermal-integrated pumped thermal energy storage through composition adjustment
Authors: Sun Xiaocun , Shi Lingfeng , Zhang Meiyan , Tian Hua , Hu Peng , Pei Gang , Shu Gequn 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThermal-integrated pumped thermal electricity storage (TI-PTES) could realize efficient energy storage for fluctuating and intermittent renewable energy. However, the boundary conditions of TI-PTES may frequently change with the variation of times and seasons, which causes a tremendous deterioration to the operating performance. To realize efficient and flexible energy storage in operating conditions, a novel composition-adjustable TI-PTES is proposed, and the operating performance is investigated and compared with composition-fixed TI-PTES. Simulation results show that, compared to composition-fixed TI-PTES, the energy storage efficiency of TI-PTES could be enhanced by the absolute value of 4.4–18.3% by introducing composition adjustment method under various boundary conditions. Besides, tuning sub-system composition could simultaneously adjust the capacities of power input, heat storage and power output, realizing a more flexible operating range for TI-PTES. A case study for an isolated energy community shows that composition-adjustable TI-PTES could realize 100% conversion of off-peak electric energy and reduce daily investment by 35.6% compared with composition-fixed TI-PTES.
Mental health and work: a European perspective
Authors: Fioritti Angelo , Jònasson Hlynur , de Winter Lars , Van Audenhove Chantal , van Weeghel Jaap 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Among the many social determinants of health and mental health, employment and work are getting momentum in the European political agenda. On 30–31 January 2024, a ‘High-level Conference on Mental Health and Work’ was held in Brussels on the initiative of the rotating Belgian Presidency of the European Union. It addressed the issue developing two different perspectives: (1) preventing the onset of poor mental health conditions or of physical and mental disorders linked to working conditions (primary prevention); (2) create an inclusive labour market that welcomes and supports all disadvantaged categories who are at high risk of exclusion (secondary and tertiary prevention). In the latter perspective, the Authors were involved in a session focused on ‘returning to work’ for people with mental disorders and other psychosocial disadvantages, with particular reference to Individual Placement and Support as a priority intervention already implemented in various European nations. The themes of the Brussels Conference will be further developed during the next European Union legislature, with the aim of approving in 4–5 years a binding directive for member states on Mental Health and Work, as it is considered a crucial issue for economic growth, social cohesion and overall stability of the European way of life.
Nitrogen Fixation at the Mid‐Atlantic Bight Shelfbreak and Transport of Newly Fixed Nitrogen to the Slope Sea
Authors: Selden C. R. , Mulholland M. R. , Crider K. E. , Clayton S. , Macías‐Tapia A. , Bernhardt P. , McGillicuddy D. J. , Zhang W. G. , Chappell P. D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractContinental shelves contribute a large fraction of the ocean's new nitrogen (N) via N2 fixation; yet, we know little about how physical processes at the ocean's margins shape diazotroph biogeography and activity. Here, we test the hypothesis that frontal mixing favors N2 fixation at the Mid‐Atlantic Bight shelfbreak. Using the 15N2 bubble release method, we measured N2 fixation rates on repeat cross‐frontal transects in July 2019. N2 fixation rates in shelf waters (median = 5.42 nmol N L−1 d−1) were higher than offshore (2.48 nmol N L−1 d−1) but did not significantly differ front frontal waters (8.42 nmol N L−1 d−1). However, specific N2 uptake rates, indicative of the relative contribution of diazotroph‐derived N to particulate N turnover, were significantly higher in frontal waters, suggesting that diazotroph‐derived N is of greater importance in supporting productivity there. This study furthered captured an ephemeral shelf‐water streamer, which resulted from the impingement of a warm core ring on the shelf. The streamer transported shelf‐water diazotrophs (including UCYN‐A and Richelia spp., as assessed by qPCR) offshore with sustained high N2 fixation rates. This feature injected >50 metric tons d−1 of newly fixed N to the Slope Sea—a rate equivalent to ∼4% of the total N flux estimated for the entire Mid‐Atlantic Bight. As intrusions of Gulf Stream meanders and eddies onto the shelf are increasing in frequency due to climate change, episodic lateral fluxes of new N into the Slope Sea may become increasingly important to regional budgets and ecosystem productivity.
A case report of three people experiencing intractable autonomic dysreflexia following instillation of Uro-Tainer® Polyhexanide 0.02%
Authors: Kelly Louise C. , Glinsky Joanne V. , Harvey Lisa A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Historically, bladder washouts were used to instil therapeutic reagents directly into the bladder. This practice has expanded to include instillation of solutions that deal with catheter issues such as encrustation or formation of bio-film. They appear to provide a promising strategy for people with long term catheters. These products are readily available to purchase, but there is concern that people are using these solutions without a complete understanding of the purpose for the rinse and without clinical guidance to monitor response to treatment.

Case presentation
These case studies include three people living with spinal cord injury (SCI) who developed severe autonomic dysreflexia (AD) when a catheter rinse was carried out using a particular solution. Each of the cases developed immediate and, in some cases, intractable AD requiring further intervention to resolve symptoms.

Discussion
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with SCI. Long-term catheters provide a vector for opportunistic micro-organisms to form bio-film and create an environment that promotes formation of struvite calculi, thus increasing the risk of chronic catheter blockage and urinary tract infection. Whilst these solutions are used to reduce these risks, they also pose additional risks to people susceptible to AD. These cases highlight the need for judicious patient selection and clinical oversight and management of adverse events when using catheter rinse solutions in certain people living with SCI. This is supported by a decision-making algorithm and a response to AD algorithm.
This case report was prepared following the CARE Guidelines (supplementary file 1).
Potential role of lipophagy impairment for anticancer effects of glycolysis-suppressed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Zhang Zhiheng , Aoki Haruna , Umezawa Keitaro , Kranrod Joshua , Miyazaki Natsumi , Oshima Taichi , Hirao Takuya , Miura Yuri , Seubert John , Ito Kousei , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough increased aerobic glycolysis is common in various cancers, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells can survive a state of glycolysis suppression. We aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets in glycolysis-suppressed PDAC cells. By screening anticancer metabolic compounds, we identified SP-2509, an inhibitor of lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1), which dramatically decreased the growth of PDAC PANC-1 cells and showed an anti-tumoral effect in tumor-bearing mice. The growth of glycolysis-suppressed PANC-1 cells was also inhibited by another LSD1 inhibitor, OG-L002. Similarly, the other two PDAC cells (PK-1 and KLM-1) with suppressed glycolysis exhibited anticancer effects against SP-2509. However, the anticancer effects on PDAC cells were unrelated to LSD1. To investigate how PDAC cells survive in a glycolysis-suppressed condition, we conducted proteomic analyses. These results combined with our previous findings suggested that glucose-starvation causes PDAC cells to enhance mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In particular, mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism was identified as a key factor contributing to the survival of PDAC cells under glycolysis suppression. We further demonstrated that SP-2509 and OG-L002 disturbed fatty acid metabolism and induced lipid droplet accumulation through the impairment of lipophagy, but not bulk autophagy. These findings indicate a significant potential association of lipophagy and anticancer effects in glycolysis-suppressed PDAC cells, offering ideas for new therapeutic strategies for PDAC by dual inhibition of glycolysis and fatty acids metabolism.
Discovery of a small-molecule inhibitor that traps Polθ on DNA and synergizes with PARP inhibitors
Authors: Fried William , Tyagi Mrityunjay , Minakhin Leonid , Chandramouly Gurushankar , Tredinnick Taylor , Ramanjulu Mercy , Auerbacher William , Calbert Marissa , Rusanov Timur , Hoang Trung , Borisonnik Nikita , Betsch Robert , Krais John J. , Wang Yifan , Vekariya Umeshkumar M. , Gordon John , Morton George , Kent Tatiana , Skorski Tomasz , Johnson Neil , Childers Wayne , Chen Xiaojiang S. , Pomerantz Richard T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe DNA damage response (DDR) protein DNA Polymerase θ (Polθ) is synthetic lethal with homologous recombination (HR) factors and is therefore a promising drug target in BRCA1/2 mutant cancers. We discover an allosteric Polθ inhibitor (Polθi) class with 4–6 nM IC50 that selectively kills HR-deficient cells and acts synergistically with PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in multiple genetic backgrounds. X-ray crystallography and biochemistry reveal that Polθi selectively inhibits Polθ polymerase (Polθ-pol) in the closed conformation on B-form DNA/DNA via an induced fit mechanism. In contrast, Polθi fails to inhibit Polθ-pol catalytic activity on A-form DNA/RNA in which the enzyme binds in the open configuration. Remarkably, Polθi binding to the Polθ-pol:DNA/DNA closed complex traps the polymerase on DNA for more than forty minutes which elucidates the inhibitory mechanism of action. These data reveal a unique small-molecule DNA polymerase:DNA trapping mechanism that induces synthetic lethality in HR-deficient cells and potentiates the activity of PARPi.
Attribute latencies causally shape intertemporal decisions
Authors: Chen Fadong , Zheng Jiehui , Wang Lei , Krajbich Ian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntertemporal choices – decisions that play out over time – pervade our life. Thus, how people make intertemporal choices is a fundamental question. Here, we investigate the role of attribute latency (the time between when people start to process different attributes) in shaping intertemporal preferences using five experiments with choices between smaller-sooner and larger-later rewards. In the first experiment, we identify attribute latencies using mouse-trajectories and find that they predict individual differences in choices, response times, and changes across time constraints. In the other four experiments we test the causal link from attribute latencies to choice, staggering the display of the attributes. This changes attribute latencies and intertemporal preferences. Displaying the amount information first makes people more patient, while displaying time information first does the opposite. These findings highlight the importance of intra-choice dynamics in shaping intertemporal choices and suggest that manipulating attribute latency may be a useful technique for nudging.