bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding the resources for summer learning programs
Authors: Sundius M. Jane 
Published: July 2007

AbstractResearch on summer learning losses has unambiguous implications for America: all children need learning opportunities in the summer. But how and when policymakers, educators, and youth service providers will fashion appropriate programming are far less clear. At the root of this problem is the need to vastly increase, stabilize, and coordinate resources for summer programming. Jane Sundius first outlines the current landscape of summer programs. She then goes on to make the case that two key strategies are necessary to securing sustainable increases in funding that will allow all children access to summer programming. The first is a national advocacy and public will‐building campaign. The second is extensive, local, public‐private planning to map existing summer resources and needs and to create blueprints for programming that serve all children in communities. Drawing on her experiences as a foundation program director, Sundius urges programs, foundation officials, and other stakeholders to expand their summer funding efforts beyond individual summer programs and to support, in addition, strategic communications and community planning efforts that are aimed at providing summer learning opportunities for all children.
The essential role of tree-fern trunks in the regeneration of Weinmannia tinctoria in rain forest on Réunion, Mascarene Archipelago
Authors: Derroire Géraldine , Schmitt Laurent , Rivière Jean-Noël , Sarrailh Jean-Michel , Tassin Jacques 
Published: July 2007

The regeneration processes and the spatial distribution of the shade-intolerant Weinmannia tinctoria seedlings in the south of Réunion were investigated, with a special focus on the role of tree-ferns in seedling establishment. Mature individuals and seedling patches of Weinmannia tinctoria, and also tree-ferns, were mapped on two 1-ha rain-forest plots. Weinmannia tinctoria has hemi-epiphytic behaviour since seedlings were generally located on plant supports (99.6%). Regeneration was better on a support than on the ground, and germination tests showed that seeds were light-stimulated. Tall tree-ferns (Cyathea spp.) were suitable supports. Cyathea glauca and C. excelsa were more suitable supports than C. borbonica. Weinmannia tinctoria establishment complies with the facilitation model of succession and is dependent on tree-ferns.La régénération et la distribution spatiale des semis de Weinmannia tinctoria, espèce intolérante à l'ombre, ont été étudiées dans le sud de La Réunion. Nous nous sommes intéressés au rôle des fougères arborescentes sur l'émergence de plantules. Les adultes matures et les taches de semis (ensembles de plusieurs plantules) de Weinmannia tinctoria, de même que les fougères arborescentes, ont été cartographiés sur deux parcelles de 1 ha en forêt humide. Weinmannia tinctoria a un comportement hémi-épiphyte car les semis se situaient principalement sur des supports (99,6%). La régénération se révélait meilleure sur les supports qu'au sol, et les tests de germination ont montré que les semences germaient mieux à la lumière. Les grandes fougères arborescentes (Cyathea spp.) constituaient des supports privilégiés. Cyathea glauca et Cyathea excelsa représentaient des supports plus favorables que Cyathea borbonica. W. tinctoria apparaît donc comme une espèce qui s'installe principalement en utilisant le modèle de facilitation et qui dépend de la présence de fougères arborescentes.
High-Resolution, Intravital 4D Confocal Time-Lapse Imaging in Avian Embryos Using a Teflon Culture Chamber Design: Figure 1.
Authors: Rupp Paul A. , Kulesa Paul M. 
Published: July 2007

INTRODUCTIONCell migration is a key aspect of many developmental processes, yet there are relatively few whole-vertebrate embryo culture systems that allow for intravital, high-resolution optical imaging of cell movements, cell-cell interactions, and cell-matrix interactions. Here, we present a protocol for 4D (3D + time), high-resolution confocal imaging of fluorescently labeled cells within living avian embryos. We discuss the culture chamber assembly and interface with a commercially available microscope-stage culture-dish heating system. To demonstrate how the system works, we describe the protocol in use with chick embryos while following individual fluorescently labeled neural crest cells, a major migratory cell population that sorts into complex patterns of discrete streams. By combining the embryo culture directly on glass with confocal 4D time-lapse imaging, we demonstrate that individual neural crest cell migratory behaviors and cell-cell interactions may be visualized for short periods of time (<6 h). This technique can be adapted to study other migratory cell populations or developmental events in whole avian embryos.
Socio‐economic deprivation associated with acute rheumatic fever. A hospital‐based case‐control study in Bangladesh
Authors: Zaman Mohammad Mostafa , Yoshiike Nobuo , Chowdhury Anisul Haque , Jalil Md. Qumrul , Mahmud Razia Sultana , Faruque Gnulam Mohammed , Rouf Mian Abdur , Haque K.M.H.S. Sirajul , Tanaka Heizo 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThere are few studies on the relationship between socioeconomic factors and rheumatic fever (KF) in the populations where the burden of both socio‐economic deprivation and RF is still very high. The aim of this study is to assess the association between some socio‐economic factors and RF by examining data available from a RF hospital in Bangladesh. We have reviewed the medical records of patients presenting with manifestations suggestive of RF during a 1‐year period. From the patients who showed group A beta‐haemolytic streptococcal upper respiratory infection (ABHS infection), 44 RF cases defined by the Jones criteria and 86 control subjects, who did not satisfy the criteria, were identified for analysis. The median age was 12 years and 60% were female. RF was significantly associated with low income (odds ratio [OR] 2.37; P= 0.04); poor living conditions: substandard (kacha) house (OR 2.93, P= 0.02); and poor nutritional status: low height for age (OR 2.68, P= 0.02). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed an increased OR for kacha house (OR 3.18, P= 0.02) but the same estimate for low height for age (OR 2.68; P= 0.04). Our analysis shows that, among the patients presenting to the RF hospital with proven ABHS infection, acute RF is associated with socio‐economic deprivation.
Sociodemographic and educational correlates of hearing loss in Hispanic children
Authors: Lee David J. , Gomez‐Marin Orlando , Lee Heidi M. 
Published: July 2007

SummarySociodemographic and educational correlates of hearing loss were examined in Cuban‐American, Mexican‐American and Puerto Rican children 6–19 years of age. Logistic regression analyses indicated a greater risk of bilateral hearing loss among children living in crowded housing conditions or without health insurance, as well as among those who were below expected school grade level and whose parents reported low educational attainment levels. However, the strengths of these associations were small to moderate in magnitude and were not always consistent across the ethnic subgroups. These findings provide some evidence that hearing‐impaired Hispanic children are more likely to reside in economically disadvantaged families and to be below their expected school grade level.
Recruitment, retention and characteristics of women in a prospective study of preconceptional risks to reproductive outcomes: experience of the Diana Project
Authors: Brown Judith E. , Jacobs David R. , Barosso Geralyn M. , Potter John D. , Hannan Peter J. , Kopher Richard A. , Rourke Mary Jo , Hartman Terryl J. , Hase Kirsten 
Published: July 2007

SummaryPreterm delivery, low birthweight, and intrauterine growth retardation are common and recalcitrant problems in many countries. Although much remains to be learned, we know particularly little about the relationships between preconceptional and early pregnancy exposures and these and other reproductive outcomes. The study presented here was primarily designed to investigate the relationships between nutritional exposures measured before and during pregnancy and reproductive outcomes. This paper describes methods used to recruit the required 1000 preconceptional women from the collaborating health maintenance organisation (HMO) and the retention of participants in this rime‐intensive study. The results presented demonstrate that an adequate completion rate (66.3%), and a remarkably representative sample of women that poses few threats to the study's validity, can be obtained by population‐based recruitment of women from an HMO.
Factors influencing varicella zoster virus infection after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: low‐dose acyclovir prophylaxis and pre‐transplant diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Kim D.H. , Messner H. , Minden M. , Gupta V. , Kuruvilla J. , Wright J. , Lipton J. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection is one of the frequent opportunistic infections after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, with a high incidence of 30–50%. However, no data have been reported on VZV infection after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT).Patients and methods. We report a retrospective analysis of VZV infection in 192 allogeneic PBSCT recipients. Twenty‐seven patients (14%) received long‐term prophylaxis of low‐dose acyclovir (200 mg twice daily orally ≥3 months) for recurrent oral (n=21) or genital herpes simplex virus infection (n=5) or for a previous history of recurrent VZV infection (n=1).Results. Forty‐two patients (22%) developed VZV infections: localized (n=37) and disseminated infection (n=5). The incidence of VZV infection at 1 and 3 years was 19.3±3.3% and 36.8±5.2%, respectively. Complications included post‐herpetic neuralgia (n=18, 43%), secondary bacterial infections (n=3), and intracranial hemorrhage (n=1) with 2 deaths. A higher risk factor for VZV infection was pre‐transplant diagnosis of a lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD): chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, or non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (P=0.021, 52.5% in LPD vs. 32.6% in non‐LPD group). The use of low‐dose acyclovir prophylaxis (P=0.043, 14.7% in acyclovir vs. 41.6% in nonacyclovir group) was found to be protective. Although no VZV infection episodes were noted during the period of acyclovir prophylaxis, 3 episodes of VZV infection were noted after acyclovir cessation.Conclusion. The incidence of VZV infection after PBSCT was high at 36.8%, with patients transplanted for LPDs at higher risk. The long‐term use of low‐dose acyclovir may be protective for VZV infection, although it does not completely prevent rebound of late VZV infection.
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection after living‐donor liver transplantation in adults
Authors: Hashimoto M. , Sugawara Y. , Tamura S. , Kaneko J. , Matsui Y. , Moriya K. , Koike K. , Makuuchi M. 
Published: July 2007

Background. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection frequently complicates the postoperative course in deceased‐donor liver transplantation. The incidence and risk factors of MRSA infection after Living‐donor Liver transplantation (LDLT), however, are unclear.Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the data from 242 adult patients who underwent LDLT at the University of Tokyo Hospital. The microbiologic and medical records of the patients from admission to 3 months after LDLT were reviewed. Uni‐ and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors for postoperative MRSA infection.Results. Postoperative MRSA infection occurred in 25 of 242 patients by median postoperative day 23. Preoperative MRSA colonization, preoperative use of antimicrobials, operation time (≥16 h), and postoperative apheresis independently predicted postoperative MRSA infection.Conclusion. Surveillance culture should be checked periodically after admission to identify patients at high risk for MRSA infection and to administer appropriate antimicrobials for perioperative infection. Postoperative apheresis, suggesting postoperative liver dysfunction, predisposed patients to MRSA infection.
Observations on the Ultrastructural Appearance of Endocrine Cells of the Small Intestine of the Calf
Authors: Pearson G. R. , Logan E. F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe endocrine cells of the small intestine of neonatal calves are described, with the aid of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that endocrine cells have long microvilli, and are organized into two populations, similar to those of other species.
The Venous Supply of the Cecum, Ileum, and the Proximal Loop of the Ascending Colon in the Ox*
Authors: Maala C. P. , Sack W. O. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present study describes in detail the venous supply to the bovine cecum, ileum, and the proximal loop of the ascending colon. The cecum was supplied by branches from the cecal and accessory cecal veins. The accessory cecal vein was observed in the majority of the specimens examined. The cecal and accessory cecal veins were joined by 7–10 short oblique anastomoses. The ileum was supplied by the ileal branches of the cecal vein, and from the mesenteric ileal and first ileal (cranial mesenteric) veins. The ileal branches of the cecal vein formed a row of antimesenteric ileal arches in the ileal part of the ileocecal fold. The mesenteric ileal vein, in some cases, detached a collateral branch. The first ileal and the mesenteric ileal veins anastomosed on the ventral surface of the ileum. The initial loop of colon was supplied by branches from the ileocolic vein. In the majority of specimens, the common colic, a branch of the cranial mesenteric vein, supplied the first colic branch to the third part of the initial colon. In such cases, the ileocolic vein gave off only the second and third colic branches. However, in one case, the proximal loop of the ascending colon was supplied by three colic branches of the ileocolic vein and by the first colic branch of the common colic vein. In specimens in which the common colic vein was absent, the colic branches to the initial colon were all given off by the ileocolic vein. The third (or fourth) colic branch of the ileocolic vein and the first cecal branch of the cecal vein united on the lateral surface of the ileocecocolic junction to form an ileocecocolic arch. The veins on the medial surface of the ileocecocolic junction did not form an arch.The colic and ileal lymph nodes were supplied by twigs from the colic branches of the ileocolic vein and first ileal vein of the cranial mesenteric, respectively. The small cecal lymph nodes seen only in the specimen from the calf were supplied by fine branches from the cecal vein.
Licht‐ und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zur Oogenese der Katze (Felis catus)
Authors: Amselgruber Werner 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFor comparative purposes, the structural changes of oogonia and primary oocytes during periods of proliferation and growth were examined in 42 ovaries of fetal, neonatal and postnatal cats.The results suggest that certain oogenic phases should be viewed in a different light.
Ultrastructure of Spermatozoa of the Asiatic Elephnat (Elephas maximus)
Authors: Heath E. , Jeyendran R. S. , Graham E. F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of semen collected with the aid of an artificial vagina was carried out. The ultrastructural characteristics of Asiatic bull elephants is compared with that of other mammalian species.
Modificaciones ponderales y estructurales de la glándula submaxilar de rata, en respuesta a diversos estímulos incisales
Authors: Sampson Por Graciela Souto de Sims 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA study of the influence of dietary alterations and extraction or amputation of the incisor teeth in young male rats is interpreted in light of a hypothesis concerning the mechanisms of control of mandibular salivary gland growth
Ultrastructure of the Uterotubal Junction in Preovulatory Pigs
Authors: Rodriguez‐Martinez H. , Nicander L. , Viring S. , Einarsson S. , Larsson K. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe ultrastructure of the surface epithelia from the uterotubal junction (UTJ), and the adjacent tuba1 isthmic and endometrial regions, was studied in preovulatory oestrus gilts, either unmated or inseminated 12 h before with fresh boar semen. The simple columnar epithelium of the UTJ consisted of non‐ciliated (secretory) and ciliated cells. Secretory vesicles occurred in the secretory cells, especially in inseminated gilts. Lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages were found dispersed basally among the epithelial cells. Phagocytosis of epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis was seen throughout the UTJ at oestrus, increasing after insemination. Neutrophilic granulocytes were found in the lamina propia of the uterine component of the UTJ, but only occasionally in the epithelium. After insemination, neutrophils invaded the uterine epithelium, to actively participate in intraepithelial phagocytosis or move into the lumen, engulfing spermatozoa. Neutrophils were absent from the UTJ proper and the isthmic epithelium, irrespective of the presence of spermatozoa in the lumen. Those spermatozoa in the uterine lumen that escaped phagocytosis had severely damaged plasma membranes, whereas those in the UTJ proper — concentrated towards the deep furrows of the diverticulae — mostly showed normal sperm ultrastructure.
Retinal Epithelial Fine Structure in the Domestic Cat (Felis catus)
Authors: Braekevelt Charlie R. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe morphology of the retinal epithelium (RPE) and closely associated choriocapillaris and Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) has been investigated in the eye of the domestic cat (felis catus) by light and electron microscopy. The RPE consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells joined laterally by apically‐locateda junctional complexes. Basally (sclerally) these cells display numerous infoldings while apically (viterally) two distinct types of processes enclose photoreceptor outer segments. Internally the large vesicular nucleus is centrally located. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, polysomes and lysosome‐like bodies are abundant. Rough endoplasmic reticulum while present is not plentiful. Over the tapetum lucidum, melanosomes are absent from the RPE cells while in nontapetal locations melanosomes are large and plentiful. The endothelium of the choriocapillaris is highly fenestrated and these capillaries are deeply indented into the epithelial layer over the tapetum. Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) is non‐tapetal regions in the typical pentalaminae structure noted for most mammals. Over the tapetum however it is reduced to a trilaminate structure and when associated with the indented capillary profiles is further reduced to a single thickened basal lamina.
Differences in Fibre Population in Dog Muscles of Different Functional Purpose
Authors: Aguera E. , Diz A. , Vazquez‐Auton J. M. , Vivo J. , Monterde J. G. 
Published: July 2007

SummarySamples were taken from particular sites of the tibialis cranialis (extensor), flexor digitalis medialis (flexor) and pectineus (adductor) muscles of 27 dogs of different breeds—German shepherd. Spanish greyhound, Spanish mastiff and Iberian hound. Samples, which were taken from right and left limbs, were subjected to histochemical analysis using ATPase (pH 9.4, 4.6 and 4.2) and NADH‐tr. Fibre population was assessed using an IBAS‐2 Kontron image analyser.
Topographie des Collecteurs Lymphatiques Mammaires de la Chienne
Authors: Ruberte J. , Sautet J. Y. , Gine J. M. , Lopez C. , Rodriguez A. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryOn the topography of the lymph drainage from the mammary glands of the bitchThe topography of the lymph drainage was examined by in vivo injections of india ink into the mammary parenchyma of 73 female dogs. Only one gland was injected at a time on each side. Only the cranial abdominal mammary gland had direct drainage to the axillary as well as to the superficial inguinal nodes. The principal routes of drainage differ for each gland. The glands on each side are completely independent as regards their lymph drainage. The cranial thoracic mammary glands on each side had their own collecting duct which led to the sternal lymph nodes. The results of this study suggest to develop a new model for the surgical extirpation of mammary tumors in the bitch.
Spinal Nerve Root Origin of the Median, Ulnar and Musculocutaneous Nerves and their Muscle Nerve Branches to the Canine Forelimb
Authors: Sharp J.W. , Bailey C.S. , Johson R.D. , Kitchell R.L. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe contribution individual ventral spinal nerve roots made to the canine median nerve, ulnar nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, and their muscle nerve branches was determined electrophysiologically. Each spinal nerve root was sequentially stimulated. Utilizing quantitative signal averaging techniques, the evoked potential was measured at each tested peripheral nerve. Evoked potential to the median nerve originated from the seventh cervical sinal root (C7) through the second thoracic spinal root (T2) with most input from C8 and TI. The ulnar nerve received evoked potential from C7‐T2. Although T1 provided the major input to both the median and ulnar nerves, the relative contribution of T1 was greater in the ulnar nerve. The musculocutaneous nerve received input from ventral spinal roots C6‐Tl with C6 and C7 providing most of the evoked potential. The ventral spinal roots which supplied the bulk of the evoked potential to a particular muscle nerve were consistent between individual dogs. Variation of evoked potential input was greatest from spinal roots which supplied less than 10% of the total potential.
Estimates and projections of hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma in Australia among people born in Asia‐Pacific countries
Authors: Nguyen Van Thi Thuy , Razali Karina , Amin Janaki , Law Matthew G , Dore Gregory J 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Australia has increasing immigration from hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemic countries of the Asia‐Pacific region (APR). This study estimates immigration‐related chronic HBV cases, chronic HBV prevalence, and HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from 1960 to 2005 and projects HBV‐related HCC to 2025 in Australia among people born in the APR.Methods:  The populations of APR origin for the period 1960–2005 were derived from Australian census data. HBV prevalence from population‐based serosurveys in the APR countries was used to estimate new chronic HBV cases (immigrant arrivals per year with chronic HBV). Age‐specific incidence rates of HCC derived from a Taiwanese population‐based study were used to estimate and project HBV‐related HCC.Results:  Chronic HBV cases among APR‐born population increased rapidly from the late 1970s reaching a peak of 4182 in 1990. Chronic HBV prevalence increased to >53 000 in 2005. Estimates of HBV‐related HCC increased linearly from one in 1960 to 140 in 2005, with a projected increase to 250 in 2025. Universal HBV vaccination programs in countries of origin had limited impact on projected HBV‐related HCC to 2025.Conclusion:  The burden of chronic HBV including HBV‐related HCC among APR‐born Australians has increased over the past three decades and is projected to increase further during the next two decades.