bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
40 years neonatology
Authors: Pollak Arnold 
Published: April 2024

Summary

Background
A complete review of the development of neonatology in the last 40 years would probably require a compendium with several volumes, to bring to view the remarkable improvements in survival rates and neurodevelopmental outcomes of ill babies in Austria, most industrial countries and to some extent worldwide. The challenge I had to solve here was to integrate my own contributions to the field of neonatology during this period and particularly the contributions of my team from the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Medical University Vienna where I was working first as an intern and resident and later had the privilege to become head of department.

Aim
This very personal review was conceived to showcase the milestones of neonatology where, in my opinion, our department made some meaningful contributions in research and clinical practice during the past 40 years.

Methods
A total of 10 areas of interest were selected which most likely influenced survival rates of preterm infants born at increasingly younger gestational ages and ameliorated long-term clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes, including:
1) Construction and continuous modernization of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). 2) Installation of the “Regionalization Program for NICUs in Vienna”. 3) Treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of premature babies. 4) Fine tuning of glucose metabolism for growth and outcome. 5) Neurodevelopmental care. 6) Neonatal hematology. 7) Infection control. 8) The toxoplasma screening program. 9) The newborn screening program. 10) Quality control: the Vermont Oxford Neonatal Network (VONN).

Results
Over the past four decades advancements in research and technology have allowed a transformative development of neonatal medicine. Survival rates without increased morbidity for very premature infants with gestational ages reaching to what we consider nowadays the border of viability have constantly increased. In my professional life as a neonatologist in Austria I have had the possibility to support and shape some of these developments together with my team.

Conclusion
As we look ahead it is imperative to build upon the progress made, harnessing the power of science and technology to further improve the survival and quality of life for preterm infants in Austria and worldwide. At the same time, neonatology must continue to prioritize ethical reflection and education, fostering a culture of integrity, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the development of guidelines and protocols that uphold ethical standards while addressing the evolving needs and complexities of neonatal medicine.
Exploring deep echo state networks for image classification: a multi-reservoir approach
Authors: López-Ortiz E. J. , Perea-Trigo M. , Soria-Morillo L. M. , Sancho-Caparrini F. , Vegas-Olmos J. J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEcho state networks (ESNs) belong to the class of recurrent neural networks and have demonstrated robust performance in time series prediction tasks. In this study, we investigate the capability of different ESN architectures to capture spatial relationships in images without transforming them into temporal sequences. We begin with three pre-existing ESN-based architectures and enhance their design by incorporating multiple output layers, customising them for a classification task. Our investigation involves an examination of the behaviour of these modified networks, coupled with a comprehensive performance comparison against the baseline vanilla ESN architecture. Our experiments on the MNIST data set reveal that a network with multiple independent reservoirs working in parallel outperforms other ESN-based architectures for this task, achieving a classification accuracy of 98.43%. This improvement on the classical ESN architecture is accompanied by reduced training times. While the accuracy of ESN-based architectures lags behind that of convolutional neural network-based architectures, the significantly lower training times of ESNs with multiple reservoirs operating in parallel make them a compelling choice for learning spatial relationships in scenarios prioritising energy efficiency and rapid training. This multi-reservoir ESN architecture overcomes standard ESN limitations regarding memory requirements and training times for large networks, providing more accurate predictions than other ESN-based models. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential of ESNs as a tool for image classification.
Machine learning-based stock picking using value investing and quality features
Authors: Priel Ronen , Rokach Lior 
Published: April 2024

AbstractValue Investing stands as one of the most time-honored strategies for long-term equity investment in financial markets, specifically in the domain of stocks. The essence of this approach lies in the estimation of a company's "intrinsic value," which serves as an investor's most refined gage of the company's true worth. Once the investor arrives at an estimation of the intrinsic value for a given company, she proceeds to contemplate purchasing the company's stocks solely if the prevailing market price of the stocks significantly deviates below the estimated intrinsic value, thus presenting an enticing buying opportunity. This deviation, referred to as the "margin of safety," represents the disparity between the intrinsic value and the current market capitalization of the company. Within the scope of this endeavor, our objective is to automate the stock selection process for value investing across a vast spectrum of US companies. To accomplish this, we harness a combination of value-investing principles and quality features derived from historical financial reports and market capitalization data, thereby enabling the identification of favorable value-driven opportunities. Our methodology entails the utilization of an ensemble of classifiers, where the class is determined as a function of the margin of safety. Consequently, the model is trained to discern stocks that exhibit value characteristics warranting investment. Remarkably, our model attains a success rate surpassing 80%, effectively identifying stocks capable of yielding an annualized return of 15% within a three-year timeframe from the recommended stock purchase date provided by the model.
Few-shot classification of ultrasound breast cancer images using meta-learning algorithms
Authors: Işık Gültekin , Paçal İshak 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMedical datasets often have a skewed class distribution and a lack of high-quality annotated images. However, deep learning methods require a large amount of labeled data for classification. In this study, we present a few-shot learning approach for the classification of ultrasound breast cancer images using meta-learning methods. We used prototypical networks and model agnostic meta-learning (MAML) algorithms as meta-learning methods. The breast ultrasound images (BUSI) dataset, which has three classes and is difficult to use in meta-learning, was used for meta-testing in a cross-domain approach along with other datasets for meta-training. Our proposed approach yielded an accuracy range of 0.882–0.889, achieved by implementing the ResNet50 backbone with ProtoNet in a 10-shot setting. These results represent a significant improvement ranging from 6.27 to 7.10% over the baseline accuracy of 0.831. The results showed that ProtoNet outperformed the MAML method for all k-shot settings. In addition, the use of ResNet models as the backbone network for feature extraction was found to be more successful than the use of a four-layer convolutional model. Our proposed method is the first attempt to apply meta-learning for few-shot classification in the BUSI dataset while providing higher accuracy compared to deep learning methods for medical images with small-scale datasets and few classes. The methodology used in this study can be adapted to other datasets with similar problems.
Integrating facies, mineralogy, and paleomagnetism to constrain the age and provenance of Paleozoic siliciclastic sedimentary rocks along the northern Gondwana margin: insights from the Araba and Naqus formations in western Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Al-Nashar Ashraf M. , Hafez Nabil A. Abdel , El-Moghny Mohamed W. Abd , Awad Ahmed , Farouk Sherif , Ayyad Haitham M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe depositional ages and provenance of the Paleozoic Araba and Naqus Formations along the northern Gondwanan margin in Egypt have remained uncertain due to a lack of index fossils. Resolving this issue is crucial for understanding regional geology during deposition and subsequent tectonic development. We integrate detailed facies analysis, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), paleomagnetism, and mineralogical data to elucidate the genesis and depositional ages of the Araba and Naqus Formations. Petrographic analyses identified seven distinct facies types, providing insights into sedimentary textures, maturity, and sources, with contributions from igneous and metamorphic sources indicated by heavy minerals. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis identified accessory minerals such as quartz, goethite, kaolinite, hematite, and anatase. Paleomagnetism isolated two magnetic components (CA and CN) providing the first robust paleo pole positions at Lat. = 70.8° N, Long. = 308.2° E and Lat. = 37.8° N, Long. = 233.1° E, indicating Cambrian and Carboniferous ages for the Araba and Naqus formations, respectively. Thermal demagnetization constrained these dates using established polarity timescales. Mineralogical data indicated that the Araba Formation originated from an igneous source, while the Naqus Formation had a mixed metamorphic-igneous provenance. The integrated AMS and paleomagnetic data reveal evidence of post-depositional deformation. Specifically, the clustering of maximum AMS axes in the NW–SE direction for both formations, suggests the initial presence of a primary depositional fabric. However, prevalent tectonic activity during the Cenozoic appears to have overprinted and modified this fabric through deformation related to rifting of the Gulf of Suez region. Through this novel multi-proxy approach, we have resolved long-standing uncertainties regarding the formations' depositional ages. Our study thereby provides the first chronostratigraphic framework for these strategically important sedimentary units, significantly advancing understanding of regional Paleozoic geology.
Graphical abstract
Clinical effectiveness of cefiderocol for the treatment of bloodstream infections due to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii during the COVID-19 era: a single center, observational study
Authors: Oliva Alessandra , Liguori L , Covino S , Petrucci F , Cogliati-Dezza F , Curtolo A , Savelloni G , Comi M , Sacco F , Ceccarelli G , Viscido A , Alessandri F , Raponi G , Pugliese F , Mastroianni CM , Venditti M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
We assessed the clinical effectiveness of cefiderocol (CFDC) in comparison with colistin (COL) for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) bloodstream infections (BSI).

Materials/methods
Retrospective cohort study including adults with CRAB-BSI. Outcomes were mortality, clinical cure and adverse events during therapy. The average treatment effect of CFDC compared to COL was weighted with the inverse-probability treatment weight (IPTW).

Results
Overall, 104 patients were included (50 CFDC, 54 COL), median age 66.5 years, median Charlson Comorbidity Index 5, septic shock in 33.6% of patients. Primary BSI accounted for 43.3% of cases, followed by ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (26%), catheter-related BSI (20.2%) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) (9.6%). Although not significantly, mortality at all time points was lower for CFDC than COL, while clinical cure was higher in CFDC than COL (66% vs. 44.4%, p = 0.027). Adverse events were more frequent in COL than CFDC-group (38.8% vs. 10%, p < 0.0001), primarily attributed to acute kidney injury (AKI) in the COL group. Patients with bacteremic HAP/VAP treated with CFDC had a significant lower 30-d mortality and higher clinical cure than COL (p = 0.008 and p = 0.0008, respectively). Increment of CCI (p = 0.005), ICU (p = 0.025), SARS-CoV2 (p = 0.006) and ECMO (p < 0.0001) were independently associated with 30-d mortality, while receiving CFDC was not associated with survival.

Conclusions
CFDC could represent an effective and safe treatment option for CRAB BSI, especially in patients with bacteremic HAP/VAP and frail patients where the risk of acute renal failure during therapy should be avoided.
International consensus on the management of metastatic gastric cancer: step by step in the foggy landscape
Authors: Morgagni Paolo , Bencivenga Maria , Carneiro Fatima , Cascinu Stefano , Derks Sarah , Di Bartolomeo Maria , Donohoe Claire , Eveno Clarisse , Gisbertz Suzanne , Grimminger Peter , Gockel Ines , Grabsch Heike , Kassab Paulo , Langer Rupert , Lonardi Sara , Maltoni Marco , Markar Sheraz , Moehler Markus , Marrelli Daniele , Mazzei Maria Antonietta , Melisi Davide , Milandri Carlo , Moenig Paul Stefan , Mostert Bianca , Mura Gianni , Polkowski Wojciech , Reynolds John , Saragoni Luca , Van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Van Hillegersberg Richard , Vieth Michael , Verlato Giuseppe , Torroni Lorena , Wijnhoven Bas , Tiberio Guido Alberto Massimo , Yang Han-Kwang , Roviello Franco , de Manzoni Giovanni ,   Bertinoro Workshop Working Group
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Many gastric cancer patients in Western countries are diagnosed as metastatic with a median overall survival of less than twelve months using standard chemotherapy. Innovative treatments, like targeted therapy or immunotherapy, have recently proved to ameliorate prognosis, but a general agreement on managing oligometastatic disease has yet to be achieved. An international multi-disciplinary workshop was held in Bertinoro, Italy, in November 2022 to verify whether achieving a consensus on at least some topics was possible.

Methods
A two-round Delphi process was carried out, where participants were asked to answer 32 multiple-choice questions about CT, laparoscopic staging and biomarkers, systemic treatment for different localization, role and indication of palliative care. Consensus was established with at least a 67% agreement.

Results
The assembly agreed to define oligometastases as a “dynamic” disease which either regresses or remains stable in response to systemic treatment. In addition, the definition of oligometastases was restricted to the following sites: para-aortic nodal stations, liver, lung, and peritoneum, excluding bones. In detail, the following conditions should be considered as oligometastases: involvement of para-aortic stations, in particular 16a2 or 16b1; up to three technically resectable liver metastases; three unilateral or two bilateral lung metastases; peritoneal carcinomatosis with PCI ≤ 6. No consensus was achieved on how to classify positive cytology, which was considered as oligometastatic by 55% of participants only if converted to negative after chemotherapy.

Conclusion
As assessed at the time of diagnosis, surgical treatment of oligometastases should aim at R0 curativity on the entire disease volume, including both the primary tumor and its metastases. Conversion surgery was defined as surgery on the residual volume of disease, which was initially not resectable for technical and/or oncological reasons but nevertheless responded to first-line treatment.
Materials for sustainable metallic iron-based water filters: a review
Authors: Xiao Minhui , Hu Rui , Gwenzi Willis , Tao Ran , Cui Xuesong , Yang Huichen , Noubactep Chicgoua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWater pollution is calling for a sustainable remediation method such as the use of metallic iron (Fe0) to reduce and filter some pollutants, yet the reactivity and hydraulic conductivity of iron filters decline over time under field conditions. Here we review iron filters with focus on metallic corrosion in porous media, flaws in designing iron filters, next-generation filters and perspectives such as safe drinking water supply, iron for anaemia control and coping with a reactive material. We argue that assumptions sustaining the design of current Fe0filters are not valid because proposed solutions address the issues of declining iron reactivity and hydraulic conductivity separately. Alternatively, a recent approach suggest that each individual Fe0atom corroding within a filter contributes to both reactivity and permeability loss. This approach applies well to alternative iron materials such as bimetallics, composites, hybrid aggregates, e.g. Fe0/sand, and nano-Fe0. Characterizing the intrinsic reactivity of individual Fe0materials is a prerequisite to designing sustainable filters. Indeed, Fe0ratio, Fe0type, Fe0shape, initial porosity, e.g. pore size and pore size distribution, and nature and size of admixing aggregates, e.g. pumice, pyrite and sand, are interrelated parameters which all influence the generation and accumulation of iron corrosion products. Fe0should be characterized in long-term experiments, e.g. 12 months or longer, for Fe dissolution, H2generation and removal of contaminants in three media, i.e., tap water, spring water and saline water, to allow reactivity comparison and designing field-scale filters.
Simultaneous Detection of Grapevine Viruses via Multiplex Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction: An Academic Approach
Authors: Güller Hilal Kartal , Paylan İsmail Can 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGrapevine viruses pose a significant threat to the viticulture industry, resulting in reduced grape yield, poor fruit quality, and economic loss. Accurate and timely detection of multiple viruses are essential for effective disease management and the implementation of appropriate control measures. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), grapevine leafroll-associated virus‑1 (GLRaV-1), arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), and grapevine virus A (GVA) in 320 plant samples collected from the Aegean region of Turkey using the powerful technique of multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Through comprehensive analysis, 119 of the 320 infected samples were identified using PCR. The distribution of the detected viruses revealed the presence of 28 GFLV, 31 GLRaV‑1, 12 GFkV, 21 GVA, and 27 ArMV. By comprehensively analyzing the samples, the researchers were able to simultaneously detect and identify the target viruses using a single, cost-effective assay. These results reveal the prevalence and distribution of these viruses in the Aegean region, providing valuable insights into the viral landscape of grapevines in this important viticultural area. The high detection rates of these viruses highlight the urgent need for improved disease management strategies to safeguard vine health and productivity.
Influence of abiotic factors on diapause termination and temperature requirements for postdiapause development in the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Martínez-Villar E. , López-Manzanares B. , Legarrea S. , Pérez-Moreno I. , Marco-Mancebón V. S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) is widely distributed and it can severely affect pome fruit crops, particularly apple. Pest outbreaks are related to an overuse of non-selective pesticide treatments that lead to the development of resistance and the absence of natural enemies in the orchard. A key aspect to optimize the use of pesticide treatments in the context of IPM is to increase the knowledge on the biology and ecology of the pest to better predict population dynamics and outbreaks. For the European red mite, knowledge on the conditions that lead to diapause breaking by winter eggs is essential to model population dynamics. To increase this knowledge, winter eggs were collected during field surveys in northen Spain during three years and egg hatching was monitored under controlled temperature and photoperiod conditions in the laboratory. The “number of days exposed to cold temperatures” was the most significant factor that positively affected hatching of overwintering eggs. The time required for 50% of the egg population to hatch (T50%) was also negatively modulated by the duration of exposure to cold temperature. The temperature threshold for postdiapause eggs development collected from the field was estimated between 5 and 6 ºC in 2005 and 2007, respectively. Moreover, the degree-days required for post diapause development were estimated between 263.2 and 270.3, depending on the year of collection. Collectively, we provide additional information on the diapause termination and postdiapause development of the European red mite that may effectively contribute to optimize pest population models.
“I Feel Like a Fraud Who Acts Like a Feminist”: The Discussion Themes and Sexual Scripts in the Porn Free Women Online Forum
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Silva David E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResearch on online pornography abstinence movements has predominantly focused on men’s perspectives, often within the context of the broader manosphere. This focus has overshadowed the unique experiences and viewpoints of women in these movements. Our study aimed to fill this gap by exploring women-centric perspectives in pornography abstinence forums, particularly Porn Free Women (r/pornfreewomen). Using a mixed methods approach, this study examined the sexual scripts presented in women-dominated pornography abstinence communities. Our structural topic modeling analysis delineated the interplay of therapeutic, heteronormative, and empowerment themes that were evident in women’s narratives and expressions. Further, our discourse analysis elucidated three specific scripts: the addiction script, the heterosexual script, and the liberation script. These interweaving narratives show that discussions of women’s pornography abstinence are multifaceted and include a variety of perspectives to negotiate. These results contribute to a nuanced understanding of the values of health and well-being, sexual liberation, and feminism within women’s pornography abstinence communities.
Regional and Country Prevalence Estimates of Unsafe Sex Among Adolescents in 68 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Leung Janni , Lim Carmen , Belete Habte , Mcclure-Thomas Caitlin , Foo Shaun , Chan Gary Chung Kai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrioritizing adolescent health is a public health priority to achieve the sustainable development goals, including reducing the risk of unsafe sex. Data on unsafe sex have remained scarce among adolescents in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). To estimate the prevalence of unsafe sex in LMICs, we conducted secondary data analysis on the Global School-based Student Health Surveys among 244,863 students aged 13–17 years from 68 countries across five World Health Organization regions. The overall prevalence of ever had sex was 16.2%. The highest to lowest regional prevalence estimation of ever had sex was 30.5% (28.9–32.1) in the Americas, 28.6% (26.8–30.4) in Africa, 10.9% (9.2–12.6) in the Eastern Mediterranean, 9.6% (8.8–10.5) in South-East Asia, and 8.0% (6.8–9.1) in the Western Pacific. The highest prevalence of sexual intercourse before age 14 and practicing sexual intercourse without condom use were 36.5% (34.5–38.5) and 32.2% (30.1–34.3) in Africa, respectively. Findings suggest that current interventions are inadequate in promoting the uptake of safe sexual behaviors and an urgent intervention is needed.