bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local-S shear wave splitting along the length of the Alaska–Aleutian subduction zone
Authors: Lynner Colton , Toro-Acosta Cherilyn , Paulson Eve , Birkey Andrew 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY
The Alaska–Aleutian subduction zone represents an ideal location to study dynamics within a mantle wedge. The subduction system spans several thousand kilometres, is characterized by a slab edge, and has ample seismicity. Additionally, the majority of islands along the arc house broad-band seismic instruments. We examine shear wave splitting of local-S phases originating along the length of the subduction zone. We have dense measurement spacing in two regions, the central Aleutians and beneath Alaska. Beneath Alaska, we observe a rotation in fast splitting directions near the edge of the subducting slab. Fast directions change from roughly trench perpendicular away from the slab edge to trench parallel near the boundary. This is indicative of toroidal flow around the edge of the subducting Alaska slab. In the central Aleutians, local-S splitting is primarily oriented parallel to, or oblique to, the strike of the trench. The local-S measurements, however, exhibit a depth dependence where deeper events show more consistently trench-parallel directions indicating prevalent trench-parallel mantle flow. Our local-S shear wave splitting results suggest trench-parallel orientation are likely present along much of the subduction zone excited by the slab edge, but that additional complexities exist along strike.
Re-evaluation of the methodology for estimating the US specialty physician workforce
Authors: Black-Schaffer W Stephen , Gross David J , Nouri Zakia , DeLisle Aidan , Dill Michael , Park Jason Y , Crawford James M , Cohen Michael B , Johnson Rebecca L , Karcher Donald S , Wheeler Thomas M , Robboy Stanley J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Increasing pursuit of subspecialized training has quietly revolutionized physician training, but the potential impact on physician workforce estimates has not previously been recognized. The Physicians Specialty Data Reports of the Association of American Medical Colleges, derived from specialty designations in the American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Professional Data (PPD), are the reference source for US physician workforce estimates; by 2020, the report for pathologists was an undercount of 39% when compared with the PPD. Most of the difference was due to the omission of pathology subspecialty designations. The rest resulted from reliance on only the first of the AMA PPD's 2 specialty data fields. Placement of specialty designation in these 2 fields is sensitive to sequence of training and is thus affected by multiple or intercalated (between years of residency training) fellowships. Both these phenomena have become progressively more common and are not unique to pathology. Our findings demonstrate the need to update definitions and methodology underlying estimates of the US physician workforce for pathology and suggest a like need in other specialties affected by similar trends.
The relation between eHealth literacy and healthy lifestyle behaviours in pregnant women
Authors: Korkmaz Aslan Gülbahar , Kılınç İşleyen Eda , Kartal Asiye , Koştu Nazan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between eHealth literacy and healthy lifestyle behaviours among pregnant women. This cross-sectional study was conducted in five family health centres in a city in the western part of Turkey. The study sample consisted of 201 pregnant women who were admitted to the five family health centres between September and December 2022. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the eHealth Literacy Scale and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours in Pregnancy Scale were used to collect data. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore predictors of health-promoting behaviours. The mean score of the eHealth Literacy Scale was 29.37 ± 6.20. The mean score of the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale was 119.69 ± 13.58. Multiple linear regression showed that predictors of healthy lifestyle behaviours among pregnant women were eHealth literacy, using internet to access health information and gestational age. eHealth literacy was found to be an important factor affecting the healthy lifestyle behaviours of pregnant women. This study highlights the importance of considering pregnant women’s eHealth literacy in interventions aimed at improving healthy lifestyle behaviours.
Making beds in early modern England: sleep, matter and environmental change
Authors: Fletcher Holly 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bringing environmental history, the history of medicine and the history of poverty into conversation with material culture studies, this article argues that sleep management in early modern England involved environmental practices in which bodies and matter were interwoven. Using records relating to the Worshipful Company of Upholders in London as a starting point, the article uncovers for the first time the range of animal and plant matter upon which early modern people slept. In so doing it transforms our view of the sleeping conditions of the early modern poor and demonstrates the significance of place-specific, material knowledge for health care practices.
Estimated Population-Level Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Against All-Cause Pneumonia Mortality Among Unvaccinated in 5 Latin American Countries
Authors: Prunas Ottavia , Shioda Kayoko , Toscano Cristiana M , Bastias Magdalena , Valenzuela-Bravo Maria Teresa , Tito Janepsy Diaz , Warren Joshua L , Weinberger Daniel M , de Oliveira Lucia H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) provide strong direct protection in children, while limited data are available on their indirect effect on mortality among older age groups. This multicountry study aimed to assess the population-level impact of pediatric PCVs on all-cause pneumonia mortality among children ≥5 years of age, and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases in Chile.

Methods
Demographic and mortality data from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico were collected considering the ≥ 5-year-old population, from 2000 to 2019, with 1 795 789 deaths due to all-cause pneumonia. IPD cases in Chile were also evaluated. Time series models were employed to evaluate changes in all-cause pneumonia deaths during the postvaccination period, with other causes of death used as synthetic controls for unrelated temporal trends.

Results
No significant change in death rates due to all-cause pneumonia was detected following PCV introduction among most age groups and countries. The proportion of IPD cases caused by vaccine serotypes decreased from 29% (2012) to 6% (2022) among people aged ≥65 years in Chile.

Discussion
While an effect of PCV against pneumonia deaths (a broad clinical definition that may not be specific enough to measure indirect effects) was not detected, evidence of indirect PCV impact was observed among vaccine-type–specific IPD cases.
Development of an ultrafast PCR to detect clinically relevant acquired vancomycin-resistance genes from cultured enterococci
Authors: Philip Axel , Oueslati Saoussen , Villa Francesco , Pannetier Christophe , Cattoir Vincent , Duranteau Jacques , Figueiredo Samy , Naas Thierry 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
VRE are increasingly described worldwide. Screening of hospitalized patients at risk for VRE carriage is mandatory to control their dissemination. Here, we have developed the Bfast [VRE Panel] PCR kit, a rapid and reliable quantitative PCR assay for detection of vanA, vanB, vanD and vanM genes, from solid and liquid cultures adaptable to classical and ultrafast real-time PCR platforms.

Methods
Validation was carried out on 133 well characterized bacterial strains, including 108 enterococci of which 64 were VRE. Analytical performances were determined on the CFX96 Touch (Bio-Rad) and Chronos Dx (BforCure), an ultrafast qPCR machine. Widely used culture plates and broths for enterococci selection/growth were tested.

Results
All targeted van alleles (A, B, D and M) were correctly detected without cross-reactivity with other van genes (C, E, G, L and N) and no interference with the different routinely used culture media. A specificity and sensitivity of 100% and 99.7%, respectively, were determined, with limits of detection ranging from 21 to 238 cfu/reaction depending on the targets. The Bfast [VRE Panel] PCR kit worked equally well on the CFX and Chronos Dx platforms, with differences in multiplexing capacities (five and four optical channels, respectively) and in turnaround time (45 and 16 minutes, respectively).

Conclusions
The Bfast [VRE Panel] PCR kit is robust, easy to use, rapid and easily implementable in clinical microbiology laboratories for ultra-rapid confirmation of the four main acquired van genes. Its features, especially on Chronos Dx, seem to be unmatched compared to other tools for screening of VRE.
Patient factors associated with telehealth quality and experience among adults with chronic conditions
Authors: Yoon Esther , Hur Scott , Curtis Laura M , Benavente Julia Yoshino , Wolf Michael S , Serper Marina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate patient-reported experiences of telehealth and disparities in access, use, and satisfaction with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods
We examined data from the fifth wave of the COVID-19 & Chronic Conditions (C3) study conducted between December 2020 and March 2021.

Results
Of the 718 participants, 342 (47.6%) reported having a telehealth visit within the past 4 months. Participants who had a recent telehealth visit were younger, reported worse overall health and chronic illness burden, and living below poverty level. Among participants who had a telehealth visit, 66.7% reported telephone visits and most participants (57.6%) rated telehealth quality as better-or-equal-to in-person visits. Inadequate health literacy was associated with lower likelihood of reporting telehealth quality and usefulness. In multivariable analyses, lower patient activation (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.19, 95% CI, 0.05-0.59) and limited English proficiency (AOR 0.12, 95% CI, 0.03-0.47) were less likely to report telehealth as being better than in-person visits; lower patient activation (AOR 0.06, 95% CI, 0.003-0.41) and income below poverty level (AOR 0.36, 95% CI, 0.13-0.98) were associated with difficulty remembering telehealth visit information.

Discussion
Most participants reported usefulness and ease of navigating telehealth. Lower socioeconomic status, limited English proficiency, inadequate health literacy, lower educational attainment, and low patient activation are risks for poorer quality telehealth.

Conclusion
The COVID pandemic has accelerated the adoption of telehealth, however, disparities in access and self-reported visit quality persist. Since telemedicine is here to stay, we identify vulnerable populations and discuss potential solutions to reduce healthcare disparities in telehealth use.
Influence of age on the efficacy of pharmacologic treatments on fracture risk reduction and increases in BMD: RCT results from the FNIH-ASBMR-SABRE project
Authors: Schini Marian , Vilaca Tatiane , Vittinghoff Eric , Lui Li-Yung , Ewing Susan K , Thompson Austin R , Bauer Douglas C , Bouxsein Mary L , Black Dennis M , Eastell Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
There is a common belief that antiosteoporosis medications are less effective in older adults. This study used data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine whether the anti-fracture efficacy of treatments and their effects on BMD differ in people ≥70 compared to those &lt;70 yr. We used individual patient data from 23 RCTs of osteoporosis medications collected as part of the FNIH-ASBMR SABRE project. We assessed the following fractures: radiographic vertebral, non-vertebral, hip, all clinical, and all fractures. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate treatment effect for clinical fracture outcomes, logistic regression for the radiographic vertebral fracture outcome, and linear regression to estimate treatment effect on 24-mo change in hip and spine BMD in each age subgroup. The analysis included 123 164 (99% female) participants; 43% being ≥70 yr. Treatment with anti-osteoporosis drugs significantly and similarly reduced fractures in both subgroups (eg, odds ratio [OR] = 0.47 and 0.51 for vertebral fractures in those below and above 70 yr, interaction P = .19; hazard ratio [HR] for all fractures: 0.72 vs 0.70, interaction P = .20). Results were similar when limited to bisphosphonate trials with the exception of hip fracture risk reduction which was somewhat greater in those &lt;70 (HR = 0.44) vs ≥70 (HR = 0.79) yr (interaction P = .02). Allocation to anti-osteoporotic drugs resulted in significantly greater increases in hip and spine BMD at 24 mo in those ≥70 compared to those &lt;70 yr. In summary, anti-osteoporotic medications similarly reduced the risk of fractures regardless of age, and the few small differences in fracture risk reduction by age were of uncertain clinical significance.
Post-polypectomy surveillance: follow-up recommendations from the Alberta Colorectal Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Sadowski Daniel C , Kolber Michael R , Gomes Anthony , Hickle Linda , Hilsden Robert , McLean David Ross , Mok Dereck , Moysey Barbara , Nemecek Nicole , Ryan John David , Sultanian Richard , Wiseman Jessica , Yang Huiming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In 2013, the Alberta Colorectal Cancer Screening Program (ACRCSP) initially published recommendations for post-colonoscopy follow-up and polypectomy. Over time, emerging evidence and evolving surveillance guidelines from various expert groups necessitated a comprehensive review to align with the healthcare landscape in Alberta. To accomplish this, an expert panel was convened. Using the Agree II tool, we identified high-quality Clinical Practice Guidelines that were relevant to the Alberta medical context. Recommendations from these guidelines were adapted to fit the specific needs of Alberta. Recognizing inconsistencies and gaps within the existing guidelines, we conducted targeted literature reviews to ensure a comprehensive and evidence-based approach to our recommendations.
Our revised recommendations build upon the assumption that a high-quality index colonoscopy has been performed at baseline. They are intended to enhance the quality of care and reduce unnecessary procedures. As well, they align with the growing consensus in the scientific literature that individuals with low-risk tubular adenomas may not require aggressive colonoscopy surveillance.
The updated Alberta recommendations aim to provide clear recommendations for practicing endoscopists, referring physicians, and their patients. They address crucial questions such as determining which patients should commence surveillance via colonoscopy and which individuals should return to average-risk screening using the fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Additionally, our recommendations outline the appropriate surveillance intervals for those requiring continued monitoring.
Rearing methods of four insect species intended as feed, food, and food ingredients: a review
Authors: Morales-Ramos Juan A , Tomberlin Jeffery K , Miranda Chelsea , Rojas M Guadalupe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, the potential of insects as food and feed has been recognized globally. Insects as feed ingredients can improve sustainability because of their lower greenhouse gas emissions and their potential to transform organic wastes into high-quality feed rich in nutrients. However, currently, the practical use of insects as food or feed is limited by the high costs of insect production. A great deal of effort is required to improve the rearing technology necessary to establish the principles of insect farming. Several insect species have become industrialized using existing methods of production. The most common industrialized insect species intended as feed and food include the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae); the house cricket, Acheta domesticus L. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae); the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae); and the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). This review focuses on describing the existing rearing methods for these 4 insect species, which may provide a basis for future research to enhance insect production capabilities.
Temporary trade shocks and regional development: evidence from the closure of Abidjan port
Authors: Shilpi Forhad , Emran M Shahe , Blankespoor Brian , Coulombe Harold 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Can temporary trade restrictions reshape regional development? To analyze this, we exploit the Cote d’Ivoire civil war that disrupted access to Abidjan port for neighboring land-locked countries: Mali and Burkina Faso. Estimates from a difference-in-difference design suggest negative effects on economic activity and a reverse structural change in the treatment communes. We find evidence of persistence through irreversible investment in built-up areas and divergence in the growth of nightlights. Treatment communes at the intermediate distance from the nearest city experienced stronger adverse impacts, driven partly by a relocation to the communes close to other ports.
Local champions and change of governments: a longitudinal analysis of firms’ political ties in Gaziantep, Turkey
Authors: Sezer Lisa Ahsen , Özcan Gül Berna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article examines business–politics ties during a shift from multi-party politics to competitive-authoritarian rule in Turkey. We conducted a longitudinal investigation of the political ties and performance ranking of top manufacturing firms in a provincial industrial centre, Gaziantep. The analysis demonstrates that major power transitions in centre politics elicited variegated local responses and intra-group contestations. The leading business elites sustained political capital through a multi-scalar diversification of political ties. Using an agent, network, and institutions framework, we highlight the political dynamics behind sub-national growth trajectories, and contribute to scholarship on urban party politics and elite localism in economic geography.
Identification of nectar sources foraged by female mosquitoes in Canada
Authors: Cassone Bryan J , Pilling Ben G , Borrego-Benjumea Ana , LeMoine Christophe M R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
For many mosquito species, the females must obtain vertebrate blood to complete a gonotrophic cycle. These blood meals are frequently supplemented by feeding on sugary plant nectar, which sustains energy reserves needed for flight, mating, and overall fitness. Our understanding of mosquito nectar foraging behaviors is mostly limited to laboratory experiments and direct field observations, with little research into natural mosquito-host plant relationships done in North America. In this study, we collected nectar-fed female mosquitoes over a 2-year period in Manitoba, Canada, and amplified a fragment of the chloroplast rbcL gene to identify the plant species fed upon. We found that mosquitoes foraged from diverse plant families (e.g., grasses, trees, ornamentals, and legumes), but preferred certain species, most notably soybean and Kentucky blue grass. Moreover, there appeared to be some associations between plant feeding preferences and mosquito species, date of collection, landscape, and geographical region. Overall, this study implemented DNA barcoding to identify nectar sources forage by mosquitoes in the Canadian Prairies.
Humanitarian hacking: Merging refugee aid and digital capitalism
Authors: Henriksen Sofie Elbæk 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Hackathons have become popular for helping refugees, among NGOs, volunteers, and corporations but their material impact has been limited. This article explores two Techfugees hackathons in Copenhagen organized with support from Google. The article conceptualizes humanitarian hacking as a space where refugee aid meets digital capitalism by examining the practices of ‘hacking the refugee crisis’ within the analytical framework of critical refugee and humanitarian innovation literature. Rather than providing novel digital solutions, hackathons reproduce existing imaginaries that cast digital technologies as effective, quick-fix solutions; tech companies as innovation experts and humanitarian actors; and refugees as entrepreneurial subjects not in need of aid but of platforms and market opportunities. Thus, while humanitarian hacking has limited impact for the intended beneficiaries, it produces value for hackathon participants and the sponsor organizations. Crucially, humanitarian hacking places tech companies at the forefront of humanitarian aid for refugees and reaffirms humanitarian innovation policy narratives and Silicon Valley corporate humanitarianism.
Generalized functional additive mixed models with (functional) compositional covariates for areal Covid-19 incidence curves
Authors: Eckardt Matthias , Mateu Jorge , Greven Sonja 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We extend the generalized functional additive mixed model to include compositional and functional compositional (density) covariates carrying relative information of a whole. Relying on the isometric isomorphism of the Bayes Hilbert space of probability densities with a sub-space of the L2, we include functional compositions as transformed functional covariates with constrained yet interpretable effect function. The extended model allows for the estimation of linear, non-linear, and time-varying effects of scalar and functional covariates, as well as (correlated) functional random effects, in addition to the compositional effects. We use the model to estimate the effect of the age, sex, and smoking (functional) composition of the population on regional Covid-19 incidence data for Spain, while accounting for climatological and socio-demographic covariate effects and spatial correlation.
(Un)muzzled: Dogs in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Fiction
Authors: Krauze Olivia 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
This article considers the relationship between dogs as fictional constructs and the shifting dynamics of the novel form in the mid-nineteenth century in order to account more fully for their particular importance to realist writing. In revisiting three canonical novels associated with the realist tradition, Charles Dickens’s Dombey and Son (1848), Charlotte Brontë’s Villette (1853), and George Eliot’s Adam Bede (1859), it demonstrates the ways in which writers regularly rely on dogs in depicting moments of deep personal and interpersonal conflict. Where most previous analyses of animals in Victorian fiction have tended to treat them as minor characters within their respective human narratives, this article is attuned to the affective functions of the domestic dog in contexts that exceed mere verisimilitude, exploring the significance of the connection between the dog’s textual body and the intense experience of grief, sexual desire, and anger respectively. I argue that the dog’s simultaneously narrative and extra-narrative position in the emergent realist novel reflects the genre’s larger formal tensions, generated by the representation of excess affects. These tensions are closely linked to the novel’s primary mode of representation: language. I conclude that it is the dog’s extralinguistic presence, predicated on its inability to encode affect in language, that marks it as the ideal, if increasingly unstable, nexus of powerful, unprocessed emotion in the mid-nineteenth-century novel.