bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on chemical speciation in aluminum chloride solution by ESI‐Q‐MS
Authors: Urabe Tatsuya , Tanaka Miho , Kumakura Shin , Tsugoshi Takahisa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlCl3 solution was analyzed at concentrations from 0.02 to 100 mM using an electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer (ESI‐Q‐MS), and the dissolution state of aluminum ions is discussed. Results obtained using ESI‐Q‐MS were consistent with those obtained using 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (27Al NMR). Aluminum species existed mainly as positively charged monomeric aluminum hydroxide coordinated with several water molecules in solution. The complexation of chloride ions by aluminum ions differed between the positive and negative ion modes. Chemical reactions that partially modified chemical forms of species through ESI‐Q‐MS measurement were also observed. In the same aluminum chloride solution, using ESI‐TOF‐MS and ESI‐Q‐MS/MS studies, the disagreement of the reports is discussed. It is concluded that ESI‐TOF‐MS might show also the gas‐phase reaction in the mass spectrometer but the dissolution state of aluminum species can be shown by ESI‐Q‐MS. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends in solar radiation due to clouds and aerosols, southern India, 1952–1997
Authors: Biggs Trent W. , Scott Christopher A. , Rajagopalan Balaji , Turral Hugh N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDecadal trends in cloudiness are shown to affect incoming solar radiation (SWSFC) in the Krishna River basin (13–20°N, 72–82°E), southern India, from 1952 to 1997. Annual average cloudiness at 14 meteorological stations across the basin decreased by 0.09% of the sky per year over 1952–1997. The decreased cloudiness partly balanced the effects of aerosols on incoming solar radiation (SWSFC), resulting in a small net increase in SWSFC in monsoon months (0.1–2.9 W m−2 per decade). During the non‐monsoon, aerosol forcing dominated over trends in cloud forcing, resulting in a net decrease in SWSFC (−2.8 to − 5.5 W m−2 per decade). Monthly satellite measurements from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) covering 1983–1995 were used to screen the visual cloudiness measurements at 26 meteorological stations, which reduced the data set to 14 stations and extended the cloudiness record back to 1952. SWSFC measurements were available at only two stations, so the SWSFC record was extended in time and to the other stations using a combination of the Angstrom and Hargreaves‐Supit equations. The Hargreaves‐Supit estimates of SWSFC were then corrected for trends in aerosols using the literature values of aerosol forcing over India. Monthly values and trends in satellite measurements of SWSFC from National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) surface radiation budget (SRB) matched the aerosol‐corrected Hargreaves‐Supit estimates over 1984–1994 (RMSE = 11.9 W m−2, 5.2%). We conclude that meteorological station measurements of cloudiness, quality checked with satellite imagery and calibrated to local measurements of incoming radiation, provide an opportunity to extend radiation measurements in space and time. Reports of decreased cloudiness in other parts of continental Asia suggest that the cloud‐aerosol trade‐off observed in the Krishna basin may be widespread, particularly during the rainy seasons when changes in clouds have large effects on incoming radiation compared with aerosol forcing. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Soil‐aggregate formation as influenced by clay content and organic‐matter amendment
Authors: Wagner Stephen , Cattle Stephen R. , Scholten Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNaturally occurring wetting‐and‐drying cycles often enhance aggregation and give rise to a stable soil structure. In comparatively dry regions, such as large areas of Australia, organic‐matter (OM) contents in topsoils of arable land are usually small. Therefore, the effects of wetting and drying are almost solely reliant on the clay content. To investigate the relations between wetting‐and‐drying cycles, aggregation, clay content, and OM in the Australian environment, an experiment was set up to determine the relative influence of both clay content (23%, 31%, 34%, and 38%) and OM amendments of barley straw (equivalent to 3.1 t ha–1, 6.2 t ha–1, and 12.4 t ha–1) on the development of water‐stable aggregates in agricultural soil. The aggregate stability of each of the sixteen composite soils was determined after one, three, and six wet/dry cycles and subsequent fast and slow prewetting and was then compared to the aggregate stabilities of all other composite soils.While a single wet/dry cycle initiated soil structural evolution in all composite soils, enhancing macroaggregation, the incorporation of barley straw was most effective for the development of water‐stable aggregates in those soils with 34% and 38% clay. Repeated wetting‐and‐drying events revealed that soil aggregation is primarily based on the clay content of the soil, but that large straw additions also tend to enhance soil aggregation. Relative to untreated soil, straw additions equivalent to 3.1 t ha–1 and 12.4 t ha–1 increased soil aggregation by about 100% and 250%, respectively, after three wet/dry cycles and fast prewetting, but were of less influence with subsequent wet/dry cycles. Straw additions were even more effective in aggregating soil when combined with slow prewetting; after three wet/dry cycles, the mean weight diameters of aggregates were increased by 70% and 140% with the same OM additions and by 160% and 290% after six wet/dry cycles, compared to samples without organic amendments.We suggest that in arable soils poor in OM and with a field texture grade of clay loam or finer, the addition of straw, which is often available from preceding crops, may be useful for improving aggregation. For a satisfactory degree of aggregate stability and an improved soil structural form, we found that straw additions of at least 6.2 t ha–1 were required. However, rapid wetting of straw‐amended soil will disrupt newly formed aggregates, and straw has only a limited ability to sustain structural improvement.
Nitrogen turnover and N2O production in the forest floor of beech stands as influenced by forest management
Authors: Dannenmann Michael , Gasche Rainer , Papen Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEffects of forest management (thinning) on gross ammonification, net ammonification, net nitrification, microbial biomass, and N2O production were studied in the forest floor of adjacent untreated control (“C”) and thinned (“T”) plots in three beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands in the Swabian Jura (Southern Germany) during three intensive field campaigns in the year 2004. The investigated sites are located less than 1 km apart on the slopes of a narrow valley. Due to different exposure (southwest, northeast, northwest), the three sites are characterized by warm‐dry microclimate (southwest site, SW) and cool‐moist microclimate (northeast site, NE; and northwest site, NW). Measurements at the NW site covered the second year (13 to 20 months) after thinning, and measurements at the SW and NE sites covered the sixth year (61 to 68 months) after thinning. Mean gross ammonification varied insignificantly across the six plots (range: 37.5 � 31.2 to 51.0 � 10.5 mg N (kg dry soil)–1 d–1). The SW site was characterized by very low net nitrification and nitrate (NO$ _3^- $) concentrations that were not significantly different between control and thinned plot. In contrast, for the thinned plot at the NE site (NET), significantly increased mean net nitrification (2.3 � 1.2 mg N (kg dry soil)–1 d–1 at the NET plot vs. 0.4 � 0.2 mg N (kg dry soil)–1 d–1 at the NEC plot) and mean extractable NO$ _3^- $ concentrations (43.9 � 22.8 mg N (kg dry soil)–1 at the NET plot vs. 4.1 � 0.8 mg N (kg dry soil)–1 at the NEC plot) were observed. The differences in net nitrification and NO$ _3^- $ concentrations across the research plots were related to differences in the forest‐floor C : N ratios: net nitrification increased exponentially below a threshold C : N value of about 25. The results of this study indicate that the forest floor of the warm‐dry SW site is very resistant to N loss triggered by thinning due to high C : N ratios around 30. Under the cool‐moist microclimate of the NE site, a significantly lower C : N ratio of 22.1 at the thinned plot (control plot: 26.7) coincided with significantly increased net nitrification. Thus, different responses of net nitrification to thinning under different microclimate appear to be triggered by different C : N ratios. Nitrous oxide production was mainly governed by forest‐floor water content, and since differences in water content at adjacent control and thinned plots were low, N2O production was not significantly different between adjacent control and thinned plots.
Effects of soil water content on growth, tillering, and manganese uptake of lowland rice grown in the water‐saving ground‐cover rice‐production system (GCRPS)
Authors: Tao Hongbin , Dittert Klaus , Zhang Limeng , Lin Shan , Römheld Volker , Sattelmacher Burkhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 2‐year field experiment and a pot experiment were carried out to compare Mn uptake, tillering, and plant growth of lowland rice grown under different soil water conditions in the ground‐cover rice‐production system (GCRPS) in Beijing, North China. The field experiment was conducted in 2001 and 2002, including two treatments: lowland‐rice variety (Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica) grown under thin (14 μm) plastic‐film soil cover (GCRPSplastic) at 80%–90% water‐holding capacity (WHC) and traditional lowland rice (paddy control) grown with 3 cm standing‐water table. The pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with four treatments: (1) traditional lowland rice: paddy control; (2) GCRPS, water‐saturated soil: GCRPSsaturated; (3) GCRPS at 90% water‐holding capacity (WHC): GCRPS90%WHC; and (4) GCRPS at 70% WHC: GCRPS70%WHC.Results of the field experiment showed that dry‐matter production, number of tillers, as well as N and Mn concentrations in rice shoots of GCRPS were significantly lower than in paddy control, while there was no significant difference in shoot Fe, Cu, Zn, and P concentration and nematode populations. In the pot experiment, shoot Mn concentration significantly decreased with decreasing soil water content, while soil redox potential increased. Shoot–dry matter production and tiller number of GCRPSsaturated were significantly higher than in other treatments. Significant correlations were observed between the shoot Mn concentration and tiller number at maximum tillering stage in the field and pot experiment, respectively. We therefore conclude that the limitation of Mn acquisition might contribute to the growth and yield reduction of lowland rice grown in GCRPS. The experiment provides evidence that GCRPSplastic combined with nearly water‐saturated soil conditions helps saving water and achieving optimum crop development without visual or latent Mn deficiency as observed under more aerobic conditions.
Effect of aflatoxin, ochratoxin and their combination on protein and energy utilisation in white leghorn laying hens
Authors: Verma Jeetendra , Johri Tripurari S. , Swain Bijaya K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AF) at levels of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg kg−1, ochratoxin A (OA) at levels of 1, 2 and 4 mg kg−1 and their corresponding combinations on protein and energy utilisation as well as energy partitioning was studied in white leghorn laying hens. Protein retention was adversely affected at all levels of AF and OA either singly or in combination, though the effect was more evident with OA and AF + OA. Minimum protein retention was recorded in hens fed the combination of toxins at their highest levels (2 mg kg−1 AF + 4 mg kg−1 OA). Aflatoxin at 1 and 2 mg kg−1 and OA and AF + OA at all levels caused a significant reduction in metabolisable energy (ME) value of the diets. The minimum ME value was recorded for the diet containing both toxins at their highest levels (2 mg kg−1 AF + 4 mg kg−1 OA). A significant depression in egg energy deposition was observed with dietary inclusion of 1 and 2 mg kg−1 AF, 2 and 4 mg kg−1 OA and all levels of AF + OA in period I. In period II the reduction in egg energy deposition was significant at all levels of toxins either singly or in combination. Body energy deposition was adversely affected in hens fed the highest levels of AF (2 mg kg−1) and OA (4 mg kg−1) and all levels of AF + OA in period I. However, in period II a significant decrease in body energy deposition was observed at all levels of toxins except 1 mg kg−1 OA. A significant increase in maintenance energy (MEm/W0.75 day−1) requirement was recorded in hens fed 2 mg kg−1 AF, 4 mg kg−1 OA and all levels of AF + OA. It is suggested that AF and OA either singly or in combination affect not only protein and energy utilisation in laying hens but also energy partitioning i.e. egg and body energy deposition and maintenance energy requirement. However, the combination of toxins (AF + OA) has more severe adverse effects on all parameters than the individual toxins because of their synergistic toxicity effect. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of irradiation and thermal processing on the immunoreactivity of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) proteins
Authors: Zhenxing Li , Hong Lin , Limin Cao , Jamil Khalid 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of gamma radiation alone or in combination with heat on the immunoreactivity of shrimp. Peeled shrimp muscle was subjected to gamma radiation (1, 5, 10 and 15 kGy) followed by boiling (5 min, 10 min and 15 min). Shrimp protein extract (PE) and a major allergen (Pen a 1) from treated shrimp were analysed by SDS‐PAGE and immunoblot using a specific IgE antibody from patients who were allergic to shrimp. Results showed that gamma radiation + heat could significantly affect shrimp immunoreactivity. The immunoreactivity of PE and Pen a 1 was also determined by using competitive inhibition ELISA (Ci‐ELISA). The IC50 of PE and Pen a 1 from shrimp treated with gamma radiation + heat was 5‐ to 30‐fold higher than that of untreated shrimp. The immunoreactivity of gamma irradiated shrimp decreased with increasing dose of radiation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Grape cultivar and drying method affect sensory characteristics and consumer preference of raisins
Authors: Angulo Ofelia , Fidelibus Matthew W , Heymann Hildegarde 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sensory attributes and consumer preference of raisins made from two grapevine cultivars, ‘Fiesta’ and ‘Selma Pete’, and two drying methods, dry‐on‐vine (DOV) or tray‐dry, were evaluated. Grapevine cultivar and drying method interacted to affect most of the measured flavor, texture, and appearance attributes of raisins. In general, ‘Fiesta’ DOV raisins were less spicy, less sour, more moist, less sticky and chewy, and less brown‐colored than other raisins. ‘Fiesta’ tray dried raisins were less sweet, more sticky and chewy, and less homogenous in color and in size. ‘Selma Pete’ raisins were more sour tasting and dark colored than ‘Fiesta’ raisins, especially the ‘Selma Pete’ DOV raisins. The average consumer hedonic test scores were not affected by cultivar or drying method, but further analyses identified clusters of people that clearly preferred raisins of different cultivars and drying methods. These findings suggest that raisins could be marketed on the basis of cultivar and drying method. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Elevated activities of MMP‐2 in the non‐tumorous lung tissues of curatively resected stage I NSCLC patients are associated with tumor recurrence and a poor survival
Authors: Kim Sang‐Hui , Choi Hye Young , Lee Jinseon , Son Dae‐Soon , Lee Hye‐Sook , Song In Seung , Lim Yu Sung , Hong Young‐Sook , Kim Jhingook , Choi Yong Soo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe wanted to assess whether the level of enzyme activity for a particular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and not the amount of expressed protein, in lung tissue could be used as a reliable prognostic biomarker for tumor recurrence leading to poorer survival in a certain subgroup of patients who have undergone curative resection for stage I human NSCLC.MethodsWe determined what type of MMP was significant for tumor recurrence by using a mouse model of pulmonary metastasis with inoculating the footpad with H460 human cancer cells. We then looked for any association between tumor recurrence and the level of enzyme activities for the selected MMP in the tumor and also in the pathologically non‐tumorous tissues from 34 stage I lung cancer patients.ResultsWe obtained H460/PM6 cells having a highly metastatic potential after six repeated cycles of pulmonary metastasis by using the mouse footpad inoculated with the metastasized cancer cells in the previous cycle. We started with human lung cancer cells, H460, and we found that among the tested MMPs we tested for, the level of MMP‐2 mRNA was elevated. No significant difference was seen in the level of enzyme activity of the MMP‐2 cells from the curatively resected tumor tissues of the stage I NSCLC patients who were later found with or without recurrence. However, the level of MMP‐2 enzyme activity was found to be significantly different between the non‐tumorous lung tissues from patients later found with and without recurrence, and it was associated with the 5‐year survival rate.ConclusionsThis observation suggests that the higher level of MMP‐2 enzyme activity in the non‐tumorous tissues from the patients could be used as a prognostic biomarker to predict post‐operative tumor recurrence and survival for patients with stage I NSCLC. The elevated enzyme activity of MMP‐2 in the non‐tumorous tissue resected from stage I NSCLC could be used as a prognostic indicator for post‐operative tumor recurrence and the patients' poor survival. Further, this could be an important aid for physicians' making decision on whether to subject particular patients to post‐operative adjunct chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:337–346. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐inflammatory skin involvement in breast cancer, histologically proven but without the clinical and histological T4 category features
Authors: Gueth Uwe , Wight Edward , Schoetzau Andreas , Langer Igor , Dieterich Holger , Rochlitz Christoph , Herberich Linda , Holzgreve Wolfgang , Singer Gad 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe study evaluates characteristics and prognostic significance of breast cancer with histologically proven non‐inflammatory skin involvement but without the clinical and histological features that are mandatory for inclusion in the T4 category.MethodsWe compared retrospectively the clinical course of 55 patients with this clinico‐pathologic entity to the outcome of a control group of 309 consecutive patients with tumors of the same size but without skin involvement. The median follow‐up time was 6.6 years in the study and 8.4 years in the control group. Two subsets were analyzed: (A) 1.1–2.0 cm (T1c); (B) 2.1–5.0 cm (T2).ResultsThe distribution of TNM stages within Study Group A was: Stage I: 28.6%, Stage II: 61.9%, Stage III: 9.5%. The distribution within Study Group B was: Stage II: 67.7%, Stage III: 23.5%, and Stage IV: 8.8%. Differences in disease‐specific survival (DSS) between study and control groups were not significant. In multivariate analysis, skin involvement was not a significant variable, while lymph node involvement was found to be significant for worse outcome (Group A: HR = 3.99 [1.33–12.05], P = 0.014; Group B: HR = 2.37 [1.37–4.08], P = 0.002).ConclusionBreast carcinomas with histologically proven skin involvement without the clinical and histological correlate are a heterogeneous group of cases, but the majority of the patients have Stage I/II disease. While lymph node involvement had a most significant effect on DSS, skin involvement was not a significant prognostic factor. Physicians must be aware of this clinico‐pathologic entity in order not to misclassify these cases as T4 and consider them falsely as being locally advanced breast cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:291–297. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term follow‐up results of Nd: YAG laser treatment of premalignant and malignant (Stage I) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Tewari Mallika , Rai Pramod , Singh Gautam Bir , Kumar Mohan , Shukla Hari S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOnly few studies (none from India) have reported the role of Neodymium Yttrium‐Aluminum‐Garnet (Nd: YAG) laser for treatment of premalignant and stage I (T1N0M0) oral cancer. This study aimed to assess the outcome of Nd: YAG laser in the said lesions after a follow‐up of 5 years. Design: Prospective study; Setting: a tertiary care hospital, North India.Patients and MethodsFifty biopsy proven patients of premalignant/malignant (Stage I) lesions oral cavity underwent Nd: YAG laser treatment after prior informed consent from January, 1997 to January, 2000. Patients were followed‐up for 5 years. In addition to local recurrence, patient's mucosal response to laser in terms of pain, mastication, salivation, paraesthesias, facial expressions, and speech was also recorded.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients had leukoplakia, 3 erythroplakia, 6 carcinoma in situ (CIS), and 14 stage I squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of oral cavity. Four patients required repeat laserization for residual/ recurrent lesion and 15 patients were lost to follow‐up. Recurrence free survival (RFS) at 5‐years in premalignant and stage I SCC patients was 97.2 and 78.6%, respectively. A minimal persistent edema was observed in 6 (12%) patients at the end of 7th day, rest all tolerated the procedure well.ConclusionsThe present study indicates that Nd: YAG laser is an effective and safe surgical option management of premalignant and malignant lesions of oral cavity. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:281–285. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Facilitating rotationplasty
Authors: Puri Ajay , Agarwal Manish 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRotationplasty, a unique surgical procedure where the ankle is converted into the knee joint after shortening and 180 degree external rotation of the limb is a well accepted alternative to amputation in musculoskeletal oncology.The required vascular dissection can be quite difficult as the concerned vessels lie in the posterior compartment from the distal third of the thigh downwards. The problem is compounded when rotationplasty is used as a salvage procedure after failed limb‐sparing tumor surgery because of the additional fibrosis and stiffness at the level of the prosthetic knee joint. We advocate making the femoral osteotomy at an early stage in the procedure so as to allow free rotation of the distal limb thus making the popliteal fossa and the limb distal to it face anteriorly to facilitate the neuro vascular dissection. We also describe use of a novel cutting jig to ensure a perfect horizontal cut perpendicular to the long axis of the bone while making the femoral and tibial osteotomies. This ensures maximal surface contact between the apposing femoral and tibial cut ends, promoting early bony union. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:351–354. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.