bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transistors with ferroelectric ZrXAl1−XOY crystallized by ZnO growth for multi-level memory and neuromorphic computing
Authors: Islam Md Mobaidul , Ali Arqum , Park Chanju , Lim Taebin , Woo Dong Yeon , Kwak Joon Young , Jang Jin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFerroelectric (FE) field-effect transistors are interesting for their non-destructive readout characteristic and energy efficiency but are difficult to integrate on silicon platforms. Here, FE ZrXAl1−XOY (ZAO) is demonstrated by compressive strain in contact with ZnO. The metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor-metal capacitor exhibits a substantial remnant polarization of 15.2 µC cm−2, along with a bowknot-like anti-clockwise hysteresis in the capacitance curves. The FE-ZAO gated ZnO thin-film transistor presents a large memory window (3.84 V), low subthreshold swing (55 mV dec−1), high ION/IOFF ratio (≈108), and low off-state current (≈1 pA). The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal the ferroelectric rhombohedral phase (space group R3m) in the nanocrystal ZAO, containing an angle of ≈71.7° between the [111] and [11-1] directions with d111-spacing of 3.037 Å and d11-1-spacing of 2.927 Å. Finally, the memory and neuromorphic applications are analyzed by demonstrating multi-level memory and synaptic weight performance with a high learning accuracy of 91.82%.
Balancing protection and production in ocean conservation
Authors: Kittinger John N. , Rotjan Randi D. , Hanich Quentin , Pasisi Brendon , Rambourg Constance 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the acceleration of the global biodiversity and climate crises, the need to protect and sustainably manage ocean resources has never been greater. However, the science needed to integrate ocean protection (through marine protected areas and OECMs) and sustainable production in the blue economy (particularly pelagic fisheries) remains underdeveloped and contested. The scientific divide and the knowledge gaps still remaining have created serious real-world challenges for practitioners seeking to reconcile protection and production approaches, and is hindering progress in achieving global conservation targets. Here, we identify the vital science necessary to bring together the “twin pillars” of protection and production, integrating mutually reinforcing meaningful protections at scale, while also driving management of production systems to internationally accepted sustainability standards. The research community must rapidly develop this new horizon of ocean science – particularly in pelagic ecosystems - to aid countries and practitioners in achieving global conservation and sustainable development targets.
Can Videoconferencing Be a Viable Method to Measure Speech Perception?
Authors: Shukla Bhanu , Moncrieff Deborah 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Telehealth has proven effective for service delivery to remote and rural locations and was helpful during lockdowns when patients were unable to see clinicians in person. To assure the reliability of clinical services, the aim of the present study was to evaluate a telehealth protocol to measure speech perception skills through virtual meeting applications such as Zoom.

Method:
A total of 20 participants with normal hearing and cognition participated in the study. Participants' speech perception performance was measured in two sessions: one over a Zoom call and one in person in the laboratory. Speech perception was measured using Quick Speech-in-Noise Test, Bamford–Kowal–Bench Speech-in-Noise Test, and Words-in-Noise Test.

Results:
Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between speech perception scores obtained over the Zoom and in-person methodologies for any of the tests. Additionally, our study found no significant difference in the scores obtained between wired and wireless headphones during Zoom calls.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that Zoom can be used as a reliable method to measure speech perception in young individuals with normal hearing using these three tests in situations where conventional methods cannot be utilized.
The Predictability of Naturalistic Evaluation of All-Day Recordings for Speech and Language Development
Authors: Ha Seunghee 
Published: April 2024

Objectives:
The study aimed to investigate the predictive potential of language environment and vocal development status measures obtained through integrated analysis of Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) recordings during the prelinguistic stage for subsequent speech and language development in Korean-acquiring children. Specifically, this study explored whether measures from both LENA-automated analysis and human coding at 6–8 months and 12–14 months of age predict vocabulary and phonological development at 18–20 months.

Method:
One-day home recordings from 20 children were collected using a LENA recorder at 6–8 months, 12–14 months, and 18–20 months. Both LENA-automated measures and measures from human coding were obtained from recordings at 6–8 months and 12–14 months. The number of different words, consonant inventory, and utterance structure inventory were identified from recordings of 18–20 months. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate whether measures related to early language environment and child vocalization at 6–8 months and 12–14 months were predictive of vocabulary and phonological measures at 18–20 months.

Results:
The results showed that the two main LENA-automated measures, conversational turn count (CTC) and child vocalization count, were positively correlated with all vocabulary and phonological measures at 18–20 months. Multiple regression analysis revealed that CTC during the prelinguistic stages was the most significant predictor of a number of different words, consonant inventory, and utterance structure inventory at 18–20 months. Also, adult word count in LENA-automated measures, child-directed speech ratio, and canonical babbling ratio measured by human coding significantly predicted some vocabulary and phonological measures at 18–20 months.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the multifaceted nature of language acquisition and collectively emphasizes the value of considering both quantitative and qualitative aspects of language input to understand early language development in children.
Trustworthy semi‐supervised anomaly detection for online‐to‐offline logistics business in merchant identification
Authors: Li Yong , Wang Shuhang , Xu Shijie , Yin Jiao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe rise of online‐to‐offline (O2O) e‐commerce business has brought tremendous opportunities to the logistics industry. In the online‐to‐offline logistics business, it is essential to detect anomaly merchants with fraudulent shipping behaviours, such as sending other merchants' packages for profit with their low discounts. This can help reduce the financial losses of platforms and ensure a healthy environment. Existing anomaly detection studies have mainly focused on online fraud behaviour detection, such as fraudulent purchase and comment behaviours in e‐commerce. However, these methods are not suitable for anomaly merchant detection in logistics due to the more complex online and offline operation of package‐sending behaviours and the interpretable requirements of offline deployment in logistics. MultiDet, a semi‐supervised multi‐view fusion‐based Anomaly Detection framework in online‐to‐offline logistics is proposed, which consists of a basic version SemiDet and an attention‐enhanced multi‐view fusion model. In SemiDet, pair‐wise data augmentation is first conducted to promote model robustness and address the challenge of limited labelled anomaly instances. Then, SemiDet calculates the anomaly scoring of each merchant with an auto‐encoder framework. Considering the multi‐relationships among logistics merchants, a multi‐view attention fusion‐based anomaly detection network is further designed to capture merchants' mutual influences and improve the anomaly merchant detection performance. A post‐hoc perturbation‐based interpretation model is designed to output the importance of different views and ensure the trustworthiness of end‐to‐end anomaly detection. The framework based on an eight‐month real‐world dataset collected from one of the largest logistics platforms in China is evaluated, involving 6128 merchants and 16 million historical order consignor records in Beijing. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms other baselines in both AUC‐ROC and AUC‐PR metrics.
Fast quadratic model predictive control based on sensitivity analysis and Wolfe method
Authors: Kalantari Hamid , Mojiri Mohsen , Askari Javad , Zamani Najmeh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a new algorithm based on sensitivity analysis and the Wolfe method to solve a sequence of parametric quadratic programming (QP) problems such as those that arise in quadratic model predictive control (QMPC). The Wolfe method, based on Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, has been used to convert parametric QP problems to parametric linear programming (LP) problems, and then the sensitivity analysis is applied to solve the sequence of the parametric LP problems. This strategy obtains sensitivity analysis‐based QMPC (SA‐QMPC) algorithm. It is proved that the computational complexity of SA‐QMPC is for a region of the initial conditions and for sufficiently small sampling time and all initial conditions, where and are the horizon time and dimension of the state vector, respectively. Numerical results indicate the potential and properties of the proposed algorithm.
RCP‐RF: A comprehensive road‐car‐pedestrian risk management framework based on driving risk potential field
Authors: Tan Shuhang , Wang Zhiling , Zhong Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent years have witnessed the proliferation of traffic accidents, which led wide researches on automated vehicle (AV) technologies to reduce vehicle accidents, especially on risk assessment framework of AV technologies. However, existing time‐based frameworks cannot handle complex traffic scenarios and ignore the motion tendency influence of each moving objects on the risk distribution, leading to performance degradation. To address this problem, a comprehensive driving risk management framework named RCP‐RF is novelly proposed based on potential field theory under connected and automated vehicles environment, where the pedestrian risk metric is combined into a unified road‐vehicle driving risk management framework. Different from existing algorithms, the motion tendency between ego and obstacle cars and the pedestrian factor are legitimately considered in the proposed framework, which can improve the performance of the driving risk model. Moreover, it requires only of time complexity in the proposed method. Empirical studies validate the superiority of our proposed framework against state‐of‐the‐art methods on real‐world dataset NGSIM and real AV platform.
End‐to‐end demonstration for CubeSatellite quantum key distribution
Authors: Zhang Peide , Sagar Jaya , Hastings Elliott , Stefko Milan , Joshi Siddarth , Rarity John 
Published: April 2024

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) provides a method of ensuring security using the laws of physics, avoiding the risks inherent in cryptosystems protected by computational complexity. Here, the authors investigate the feasibility of satellite‐based quantum key exchange using low‐cost compact nano‐satellites. The first prototype of system level quantum key distribution aimed at the Cube satellite scenario is demonstrated. It consists of a transmitter payload, a ground receiver and simulated free space channel to verify the timing and synchronisation (T&S) scheme designed for QKD and the required high loss tolerance of both QKD and T&S channels. The transmitter is designed to be deployed on various up‐coming nano‐satellite missions in the UK and internationally. The effects of channel loss, background noise, gate width and mean photon number on the secure key rate (SKR) and quantum bit error rate (QBER) are discussed. The authors also analyse the source of QBER and establish the relationship between effective signal noise ratio (ESNR) and noise level, signal strength, gating window and other parameters as a reference for SKR optimisation. The experiment shows that it can tolerate the 40 dB loss expected in space to ground QKD and with small adjustment decoy states can be achieved. The discussion offers valuable insight not only for the design and optimisation of miniature low‐cost satellite‐based QKD systems but also any other short or long range free space QKD on the ground or in the air.
Lumped‐element equivalent circuit modelling of district heating pipe in electromagnetic transients program
Authors: Jiang Mingyu , Xia Yue , Lan Tian , Song Ruikai , Du Songhuai , Su Juan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectromagnetic transients program (EMTP) is widely used to analyze transients in power systems. With the increased interest in integrated energy systems (IESs), it would be beneficial to extend the application of EMTP to multi‐physics transients in integrated electrical and heating networks. In this paper, an accurate and efficient lumped‐element circuit model of the heating district pipe is developed in EMTP. The pipe is split into segments using spatial discretization. The application of the numerical discretization to the energy conservation equation gives the discretized pipe equation which is expressed in the form of a companion model of EMTP. In order to reduce the computational effort, the time‐varying terms in the admittance matrix of the companion model of pipe are eliminated. The modification of the admittance matrix is avoided. Furthermore, the internal nodes resulting from spatial discretization are eliminated, resulting in a lumped‐element circuit model with only two external nodes. Case studies are carried out to validate the proposed model in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The 2‐norm error of the proposed model is 0.0153%. With a pipe length of 100 m, the computational speed of the proposed model is increased by a factor of 2.94 compared with the existing distributed‐element circuit model. The implementation of the proposed pipe model in the EMTP‐type simulator enables the analysis of multi‐physics transients in a multi‐carrier energy system.
Probing the shape of the brown dwarf desert around main-sequence A-F-G-type stars using post-common-envelope WD−BD binaries
Authors: Chen Zhangliang , Chen Yizhi , Chen Chen , Ge Hongwei , Ma Bo 
Published: April 2024

Context. Brown dwarfs (BDs) with masses in the range 40−60 MJup are rare around solar-type main-sequence (MS) stars, which gives rise to the brown dwarf desert (BDD). One caveat associated with previous studies of BDD is the relatively limited sample size of MS−BD binaries with accurately determined BD masses.
Aims. We aim to produce a large sample of BD companions with precisely determined masses around MS A-F-G-type stars using observations of post-common-envelope white dwarf (WD)−BD binaries.
Methods. We employed the rapid binary evolution code COMPAS to deduce the properties of MS−BD binary progenitors from post-common-envelope WD−BD binaries. With this method, we increase the sample of directly observed MS−BD binaries, enriching the data available for analyzing the BDD around MS A-F-G-type stars.
Results. Our study opens a new window for studying the shape of the BDD around A-F-G-type MS stars in the short-period regime. We find tentative evidence, albeit with a small sample size, that the “driest” part of the BDD around A-F-G-type stars may extend into an orbital period of several hundred days. More post-common-envelope WD−BD binaries detected in the future will advance our understanding of the BDD around A-F-G-type stars.
Impact of far-side structures observed by Solar Orbiter on coronal and heliospheric wind simulations
Authors: Perri B. , Finley A. , Réville V. , Parenti S. , Brun A. S. , Strugarek A. , Buchlin É. 
Published: April 2024

Context.Solar Orbiter is a new space observatory that provides unique capabilities to understand the heliosphere. In particular, it has made several observations of the far-side of the Sun and therefore provides unique information that can greatly improve space weather monitoring.Aims.In this study, we aim to quantify how the far-side data will affect simulations of the corona and the interplanetary medium, especially in the context of space weather forecasting.Methods.To do so, we focused on a time period with a single sunspot emerging on the far-side in February 2021. We used two different input magnetic maps for our models: one that includes the far-side active region and one that does not. We used three different coronal models typical of space weather modeling: a semi-empirical model (potential field source surface or PFSS) and two different magnetohydrodynamic models (Wind Predict and Wind Predict-AW). We compared all the models with both remote sensing and in situ observations in order to quantify the impact of the far-side active region on each solution.Results.We find that the inclusion of the far-side active region in the various models has a small local impact due to the limited amount of flux of the sunspot (at most 8% of the total map flux), which leads, for example, to coronal hole changes of around 7% for all models. Interestingly, there is a more global impact on the magnetic structure seen in the current sheet, with clear changes, for example, in the coronal hole boundaries visible in extreme ultra-violet (EUV) on the western limb, which is opposite to the active region and the limb most likely to be connected to Earth. For the Wind Predict-AW model, we demonstrate that the inclusion of the far-side data improves both the structure of the streamers and the connectivity to the spacecraft.Conclusions.In conclusion, the inclusion of a single far-side active region may have a small local effect with respect to the total magnetic flux, but it has global effects on the magnetic structure, and thus it must be taken into account to accurately describe the Sun-Earth connection. The flattening of the heliospheric current sheet for all models reveals that it causes an increase of the source surface height, which in return affects the open and closed magnetic field line distributions.
Impact of disc magnetisation on MHD disc wind signature
Authors: Datta Sudeb Ranjan , Chakravorty Susmita , Ferreira Jonathan , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier , Kallman Timothy R. , Jacquemin-Ide Jonatan , Zimniak Nathan , Wilms Joern , Bianchi Stefano , Parra Maxime , Clavel Maïca 
Published: April 2024

Context. Observations of blue-shifted X-ray absorption lines indicate the presence of wind from the accretion disc in X-ray binaries. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) driving is one possible wind-launching mechanism. Recent theoretical developments have made self-similar magnetic accretion-ejection solutions much more generalised, showing that wind can be launched at a much lower magnetisation than the equipartition value, which had previously been the only possibility.
Aims. In this work, we model the transmitted spectra through MHD-driven photoionised wind models with different levels of magnetisation. We investigate the possibility of detecting absorption lines by upcoming instruments, such as XRISM and Athena. We investigate the robustness of the method of fitting asymmetric line profiles by multiple Gaussians.
Methods. We used the photoionisation code XSTAR to simulate the transmitted model spectra. To cover the extensive range of velocity and density of the wind spanned over a large distance (∼105 gravitational radii), we divided the wind into slabs following a logarithmic radial grid. Fake observed spectra are finally produced by convolving model spectra with instrument responses. Since the line asymmetries are apparent in the convolved spectra as well, this can be used in future XRISM and Athena spectra as an observable diagnostic to fit for. We applied some amount of rigor in assessing the equivalent widths of the major absorption lines, including the Fe XXVI Lyα doublets, which will be clearly distinguishable thanks to the superior quality of future high-resolution spectra.
Results. Disc magnetisation stands as another crucial MHD variable that can significantly alter the absorption line profiles. Pure MHD outflow models at low magnetisation are dense enough to be observed by the existing or upcoming instruments. Therefore, these models can serve as simpler alternatives to MHD-thermal models. Fitting with multiple Gaussians is a promising method for handling asymmetric line profiles, as well as the Fe XXVI Lyα doublets.
PRODIGE – envelope to disk with NOEMA
Authors: Hsieh T.-H. , Pineda J. E. , Segura-Cox D. M. , Caselli P. , Valdivia-Mena M. T. , Gieser C. , Maureira M. J. , Lopez-Sepulcre A. , Bouscasse L. , Neri R. , Möller Th. , Dutrey A. , Fuente A. , Semenov D. , Chapillon E. , Cunningham N. , Henning Th. , Piétu V. , Jimenez-Serra I. , Marino S. , Ceccarelli C. 
Published: April 2024

Context. Complex organic molecules (COMs) have been found toward low-mass protostars, but the origins of the COM emission are still unclear. It can be associated with, for example, hot corinos, outflows, and/or accretion shock and disk atmospheres.
Aims. We aim to disentangle the origin of the COM emission toward the chemically rich protobinary system SVS13A using six O-bearing COMs.
Methods. We conducted NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array observations toward SVS13A as part of the PROtostars & DIsks: Global Evolution (PRODIGE) program. Our previous DCN observations reveal a possible infalling streamer, which may affect the chemistry of the central protobinary by inducing accretion outbursts and/or shocked gas. We further analyzed six O-bearing COMs: CH3OH, aGg’- (CH2OH)2, C2H5OH, CH2(OH)CHO, CH3CHO, and CH3OCHO. Although the COM emission is not spatially resolved, we constrained the source sizes to ≲0.3–0.4 arcsec (90–120 au) by conducting uv-domain Gaussian fitting. Interestingly, the high-spectral-resolution data reveal complex line profiles with multiple peaks; although the line emission is likely dominated by the secondary, VLA4A, at VLSR = 7.36 km s−1, the numbers of peaks (~2–5), the velocities, and the linewidths of these six O-bearing COMs are different. The local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) fitting unveils differences in excitation temperatures and emitting areas among these COMs. We further conducted multiple-velocity-component LTE fitting to decompose the line emission into different kinematic components. As a result, the emission of these COMs is decomposed into up to six velocity components from the LTE modeling. The physical conditions (temperature, column density, and source size) of these components from each COM are obtained, and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling was performed to test the fitting results.
Results. We find a variety in excitation temperatures (100–500 K) and source sizes (D ~ 10–70 au) from these kinematic components from different COMs. The emission of each COM can trace several components, and different COMs most likely trace different regions.
Conclusions. Given this complex structure, we suggest that the central region is inhomogeneous and unlikely to be heated by only protostellar radiation. We conclude that accretion shocks induced by the large-scale infalling streamer likely exist and contribute to the complexity of the COM emission. This underlines the importance of high-spectral-resolution data when analyzing COM emission in protostars and deriving relative COM abundances.