bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organ culture of the anterior pituitary in a synthetic medium. An immunocytochemical study
Authors: Bégeot M. , Li J. Y. , Dubois M. P. , Dubois P. M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Anterior pituitaries removed from human foetuses and rat neonates were maintained in organ culture after using three different media. A comparative immunocytological study of the different cell-types was made in the three media used. In the first medium containing foetal calf serum the different cell-types were present but their frequency in the cultured explants depended upon their representation in the tissue at the beginning of the culture. In the medium without any adjunction, the most characteristic feature was the shrinkage of the cultured tissue. In the third medium in which foetal calf serum was replaced by insulin the evolution of the explants was the same as in the first medium. All the cell-types were represented with a particular development of gonadotrophic cells. In conclusion it seemed that the third synthetic medium can be used in order to study anterior pituitary cells in vitro.
Radioimmunological measurements of total LH in sheep pituitary cells
Authors: McIntosh R. P. , McIntosh J. E. A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Procedures commonly used to extract LH from pituitary cells in order to measure total cell content were compared in four cell preparations. It was shown in 81 samples of cells suspended in 1 mm EDTA or 50 mm NaHCO3 that after freezing and thawing followed by any of a variety of treatments, there were no significant differences in the amounts of LH measured by RIA relative to the arbitrarily chosen reference treatment of vigorous pipetting. The additional treatments were multiple freezing and thawing, homogenisation, sonication, homogenisation in 25–100 mm Na2CO3 followed by rapid neutralisation, or none. The consistency of the results suggested that the same cellular pools of LH were being made accessible for measurement with all treatments. However, use of the more vigorous conditions of 1–2.5 m urea, 1% Triton X-100, or sonication on ice in 100 mm Na2CO3 decreased the amount of measurable hormone presumably due to its modification. In two cell preparations, homogenisation of cells in 100 mm Na2CO3 produced an additional 45% of measurable LH not accessible using other treatments nor from the source material in two other preparations.
Thyroid function in Gunn rats with genetically altered thyroid hormone catabolism
Authors: Benathan M. , Lemarchand-Béraud Th. , Berthier C. , Gautier A. , Gardiol D. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Due to a congenital deficiency in uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase (UDP-GTase), Gunn rats display an impaired biliary elimination of both bilirubin and thyroid hormones, resulting in hyperbilirubinaemia and hyperthyroxinaemia. They also present a pigmented thyroid gland. In order to assess the effect of the hyperthyroxinaemia on the regulation of the thyroid function, the [125I]thyroid uptake and distribution into soluble proteins, the [127I]thyroid soluble content, the levels of circulating T4, total and free, T3, reverse T3 (rT3) and TSH as well as the TSH response to TRH have been determined in Gunn (G) and Wistar (W) rats aged 3 to 56 weeks.
Gunn rats possess a goitre with increased soluble [127I]-iodine content. The [125I]thyroid uptake and incorporation into soluble proteins were similar in both strains, but the DIT fraction was higher, whereas the MIT, T4 and T3 fractions were lower compared to control rats. Total thyroxinaemia was greatly increased in Gunn rats as expected (G:5.1–9.1 vs W:3.1–4.6 μg/dl) whereasfree thyroxinaemia was increased only by 25–50%. The differences in total-T4 and bilirubin serum levels between Gunn and Wistar rats 6 to 56 weeks old were found to be in direct correlation. In addition, Gunn rats presented normal serum T3 levels, but increased rT3 (G: 0.10–0.45 vs W:<0.03–0.27 ng/ml) and TSH (G:0.33–0.75 vs W:0.11–0.43 ng/ml) serum levels. The TSH response to TRH was however normal, but the return to basal values was delayed in comparison to Wistar rats. Evolution of thyroid parameters with age was similar in both strains, i.e. opposite variations in T3 and rT3 serum values during the post-natal period and decreasing serum T4 concentrations, pituitary TSH content and TSH response to TRH during the adult life.
In conclusion, the association of hyperthyroxinaemia with decreased T3/rT3 serum ratio suggests that Gunn rats may have, in addition to the impaired biliary excretion of iodothyronines, a modified T4 deiodination pattern with probably increased rT3 formation. A diminished T4 availability and/or a decreased T4 to T3 conversion in the thyrotrophe cell might explain the normal TSH response to TRH. These data reflect a partial peripheral resistance to the hyperthyroxinaemia, which may represent an adaptation mechanism.
Prospective and retrospective studies of zinc concentrations in serum, blood clots, hair and urine in young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hägglöf Bruno , Hallmans Göran , Holmgren Gösta , Ludvigsson Johnny , Falkmer Sture 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Two main diabetic groups were investigated, viz. one consisting of 19 diabetic children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (median age 10 years) where a prospective study was made, and one where a retrospective examination was performed of 73 patients (median age 14 years) with a mean duration of IDDM of 7 years; 83 healthy school children (median age 13 years) served as controls. In both groups of diabetic children more zinc was excreted in the urine than in the controls. At onset of IDDM, serum and blood clot zinc concentrations were reduced with a gradual increase towards normal within 1 month of insulin therapy. The zinc concentrations in hair did not differ from those of the controls. No correlation were found between zinc levels in serum, blood clots, urine and hair on one hand and the concentrations of albumin and glucose in serum and urine on the other.
Trilostane in the management of Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Semple C. G. , Beastall G. H. , Gray C. E. , Thomson J. A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Trilostane has been used to treat 6 patients with Cushing's syndrome, 4 with an adrenal adenoma and 2 with pituitary driven disease. Three patients responded clinically and biochemically to trilostane. Although effective in some cases of Cushing's syndrome, the variability of the effect of trilostane may limit its usefulness as a therapeutic agent.
Effects of angiotensin II on the zona glomerulosa of sodium-loaded dexamethasone treated rats administered or not with maintenance doses of ACTH: stereology and plasma hormone concentrations
Authors: Mazzocchi Giuseppina , Meneghelli Virgilio , Nussdorfer Gastone G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The trophic effects of angiotensin II on the rat zona glomerulosa were investigated by stereological and radioimmunological methods. Angiotensin II was not able to reverse the sodium-loading and dexamethasone-induced inhibition of the growth and steroidogenic capacity of the zona glomerulosa. However, if the sodium-loaded dexamethasone-treated rats were given maintenance doses of ACTH, angiotensin II exerted a strong adrenoglomerulotrophic effect. The hypothesis is advanced that the co-operation of ACTH and angiotensin II is required in the maintenance of the morphologic and enzymatic integrity of the rat zona glomerulosa.
Prolactin binding by testes of unilaterally cryptorchid rats: the effect of hCG, testosterone, prolactin and orchiopexy
Authors: Hochberg Zeev , Amit Tamar , Youdim Moussa B. H. , Bar-Maor Jehuda A 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effect of unilateral cryptorchidism on prolactin binding to the testes was studied in the rat. Cryptorchidism was rendered surgically for 3 weeks and 3, 6 and 9 weeks later prolactin binding was measured in testicular homogenates. Prolactin binding to the cryptorchid testes decreased significantly at 3 weeks with a further decrease at 6 and 9 weeks. Binding by the contralateral testes decreased at 3 weeks and increased at 6 and 9 weeks. To examine the possible mechanism of these changes one group of rats was treated for 5 weeks with testosterone and another with hCG. Testosterone treatment resulted in a significant fall in prolactin binding to normal, cryptorchid and contralateral testes. hCG also produced a slight but significant reduction in prolactin binding. To study the effect of surgical relocation of the testes into the scrotum, orchiopexy was performed in another group of rats. Orchiopexy increased prolactin binding only if performed 3 weeks after cryptorchidism. At 6 and 9 weeks after cryptorchidism orchiopexy did not increase prolactin binding. Treatment of cryptorchid rats with prolactin for 5 weeks induced an increase in prolactin binding to control, cryptorchid and contralateral testes. It is concluded that testicular atrophy follows upon placement of a testis within the peritoneal cavity. This atrophy lowers the total amount of prolactin binding and increases binding to the contralateral testes. Intratesticular concentration of testosterone may play a major role in the decrease of prolactin binding. Orchiopexy improves prolactin binding only if performed before 6 weeks of age. Administration of prolactin augments prolactin binding to the testes, irrespective of their location.
Effects of desglycinamide-arginine-vasopressin (DG-AVP) on memory processes in diabetes insipidus patients and non-diabetic subjects
Authors: Laczi F. , van Ree J. M. , Wagner A. , Valkusz Zs. , Járdánházy T. , Kovács G. L. , Telegdy G. , Szilárd J. , László F. A. , de Wied D. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effects of desglycinamide9-arginine8-vasopressin (DG-AVP) on memory processes have been studied in patients with central diabetes insipidus (DI) and in non-diabetic control patients. Acute im injection of DG-AVP improved some aspects of short-term memory. Subchronic intranasal administration of DG-AVP facilitated short-term memory more consistently and in addition improved long-term memory. DG-AVP increased the attention, but only in the non-diabetic subjects. The effects of DG-AVP on memory processes persisted after discontinuation of treatment. DG-AVP did not affect the parameters for water and electrolyte metabolism, blood pressure and pulse rate neither in DI nor in the control patients. Thus, the memory effects of DG-AVP are probably mediated by a direct action on the central nervous system.
T lymphocyte subpopulations in Graves' disease: relationship with clinical conditions
Authors: Bagnasco M. , Canonica G. W. , Ferrini S. , Biassoni P. , Melioli G. , Ferrini O. , Giordano G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
T lymphocytes were franctionated according to their receptors for IgG (TG) or IgM (TM) and scored in 37 patients with Graves' disease (17 hyperthyroid and untreated, 10 euthyroid on antithyroid drugs, 10 in long-term remission after radioiodine therapy). TG percentages were very low both in untreated and in drugtreated patients. By contrast, normal TG levels were observed in patients in long-term remission. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of a defective suppressor cell activity in Graves' disease.
Erythrocyte insulin receptors and insulin sensitivity in adrenocortical insufficiency. Report of a case of diabetes mellitus type I with superimposed Addison's disease
Authors: Ivarsson S. A. , Nilsson K. O. , Thorell J. I. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Studies on erythrocyte insulin receptors were performed in a boy with type I diabetes mellitus and superimposed adrenocortical insufficiency before and during treatment with hydrocortisone and 9-α-fluoro-hydrocortisone. The development of the adrenal insufficiency was associated with a progressively increased sensitivity to insulin which reverted after therapy. The maximum specific insulin binding of the erythrocytes was low during threatening addisonian crisis (6.9%) but normalized during hydrocortisone treatment (12.0%). These findings suggest that the increased insulin sensitivity characteristic for adrenocortical insufficiency is not an effect of an increased insulin receptor concentration and that hypocortisolaemia is associated with a down-regulation of the insulin receptors.
Comparison of circadian rhythms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and electrolytes in clinically healthy young women in Fukuoka (Japan) and Minnesota (USA)
Authors: Kawasaki Terukazu , Uezono Keiko , Ueno Michio , Omae Teruo , Matsuoka Midori , Haus Erhard , Halberg Franz 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Circadian rhythms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (R-A-A) system and electrolytes were evaluated in young healthy Fukuokan (Japan) and Minnesotan (USA) women. A similar protocol was used and each group remained on its usual diet. Blood was taken for 24 h at 4 h intervals from 8 a.m. during which time urine samples were also collected. The determinations in both groups were made in a laboratory in Japan. Plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and aldosterone excretion rate showed similar circadian rhythms in both groups. However, those values at each sampling time and each span were always significantly higher in the Americans while the urinary Na and Cl excretions and blood pressure were higher in Japanese. The significant differences in the R-A-A system and blood pressure levels between these two groups may be due to the large amount of salt consumed by the Japanese.
Plasma 4-pregnene-17α,20α-diol-3-one (17α,20α-dihydroxyprogesterone) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in man
Authors: Whitworth Judith A. , Butkus Aldona , Coghlan J. P. , Denton D. A. , Saines Dianne , Scoggins B. A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Investigation of the mechanisms involved in ACTH induced hypertension in sheep led to delineation of the major role of 4-pregnene-17α,20α-diol-3-one (17α,20α-OHP) in ovine adrenal venous blood. It has been shown in this model of steroid induced hypertension that 17α,20α-OHP is 'hypertensinogenic' i.e. capable of raising blood pressue when infused concurrently with the major mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid steroid hormones, but in itself it has no significant blood pressure elevating effect and no significant glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid activity. The present study examines the regulation of 17α,20α-OHP and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) in man.
The plasma concentration of 17α,20α-OHP in normal ambulant subjects (n = 29) bled at 08.00 to 10.00 h was 14.5 ± 0.8 nmol/l compared with 17-OHP 7.8 ± 0.6 nmol/l. Administration of ACTH (20 μg/kg/day) to normotensive male subjects (n = 6) produced after 5 days of rise in 17α,20α-OHP from 16.6 ± 2.2 to 48.9 ± 7.9 nmol/l and in 17-OHP from 10.9 ± 1.12 to 29.3 ± 4.2 nmol/l. In normal subjects, 17α,20α-OHP had a diurnal rhythm similar to that of cortisol but of lower amplitude. Plasma concentrations of both steroids rose with stepped 30 min ACTH infusions and were suppressed by dexamethasone administration. Angiotensin II infusion, dietary sodium restriction and 9α-fluorocortisol administration had no effect on plasma 17α,20α-OHP. There was no change in 17α,20α-OHP throughout the menstrual cycle but 17-OHP increased during the luteal phase of the cycle. 17-OHP was lower in women on oral contraceptives than in control women, but values for 17α,20α-OHP were unchanged.
The mean plasma clearance rate for 17α,20α-OHP in 3 normal subjects was 30.2 l/day/kg, similar to that for aldosterone (31.2 l/day/kg). Unlike the sheep there was no in vitro conversion of 17-OHP to 17α,20α-OHP in human blood.
These studies show that 17α,20α-OHP is present in human plasma in higher concentration than 17-OHP. The secretion of 17α,20α-OHP appears to be primarily under the control of ACTH.
Loss of serum transcortin in human shock associated with severe infection by candida albicans
Authors: Zouaghi Hassen , Savu Lia , Delorme Jacqueline , Kleinknecht Dieter , Nunez Emmanuel A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The cortisol binding ability of transcortin (corticosteroid binding globulin or CBG) was found to be virtually absent from the sera of patients in a state of shock associated with high levels of antibodies to candida albicans.
At the same time the serum proteins of the patients in shock displayed a number of the classical responses seen in acute inflammation: increased haptoglobin (28 ± 10 vs 10.8 ± 7.7 μm in normals), reduced prealbumin (1.7 ± 0.6 vs 3.6 ± 0.1 μm in normals) and albumin (485 ± 78 vs 600 ± 200 μm in normals).
The shock sera also showed increases in levels of endogenous cortisol (610 ± 260 vs 395 ± 192 nm in normals) and progesterone (2.40 ± 0.7 vs 1.4 ± 1.2 nm in normals) similar to those seen in inflammatory conditions.
In sera from patients with superficial chronic candidiasis no significant variation of cortisol binding was observed. Haptoglobin was increased (26.4 ± 8.2 μm) and pre-albumin decreased (2 ± 0.8 μm), while the other serum indices tested retained essentially normal levels.
Compared with previous studies from this laboratory which demonstrate a fall of CBG in septic shock of bacterial origin and lack of this response in acute inflammation, these results suggest that the loss of serum CBG acitivity is a specific marker for shock of fungal or bacterial aetiology.
Possible endocrine or immune implications and clinical applications of our findings are discussed.
Effect of a non-steroidal antiandrogen, flutamide, on the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, genital tract and testis in growing male rats: endocrinological and histological data
Authors: Viguier-Martinez M. C. , de Reviers M. T. Hochereau , Barenton B. , Perreau C. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Male Wistar rats were treated between 23 to 38 days of age with flutamide. Hypothalamic LRH content, pituitary gonadotrophin concentrations and plasma LH, FSH, Prl and testosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay.
The testis, epididymis and accessory organs were weighed and the histology of the testis, and the estimation of gonadotrophin receptors were performed in the same animals. The results were compared with data obtained in control animals of the same age. Flutamide treatment induced a direct inhibition of the genital tract. On the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, flutamide acted as a pure antiandrogen able to inhibit the negative feedback of testosterone, producing an increase in pituitary LH synthesis, as well as release of LH, FSH and Prl. The high level of plasma LH stimulated hyperplasia and hypertrophy of interstitial cells of the testis. Consequently testosterone synthesis was stimulated, although the number of LH receptor sites per Leydig cell was unchanged. Sertoli cells divisions were stimulated by the high level of gonadotrophins, but Sertoli cell function and the number of FSH receptors sites per Sertoli cell were slightly decreased. The increase in the number of type A spermatogonia and early stages of meiosis of primary spermatocytes could be related to the increase in plasma levels of FSH, whereas the drastic decrease in the late stages of spermatogenesis could result from the direct inhibition of testosterone by flutamide in the seminiferous tubules.
Prostaglandin F2α in blood plasma and milk of non-pregnant and pregnant buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Batra S. K. , Pandey R. S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Radioimmunoassay of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) was standardised for sufficient precision, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The changes of PGF2α were monitored in peripheral blood plasma and milk of 28 Murrah buffaloes. There were considerable individual variations of PGF2α concentration in blood plasma (27.6 to 110.8 pg/ml) and milk (80.3 to 180.4 pg/ml). A non-significant increase of PGF2α concentration (P > 0.05) was observed at the end of the cycle of non-pregnant animals in both fluids but no such increase was observed in pregnant animals. The concentration of PGF2α in milk was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of blood plasma and was positively correlated in non-pregnant (r = 0.738) and pregnant animals (r = 0.385).
Changes of pituitary secretion after long-term treatment with hydergine, in elderly patients
Authors: Rolandi Ermanno , Magnani Gianni , Bottaro Luigi , Barreca Tommaso 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment with an ergot derivative, dihydroergotoxine mesylate (hydergine) 6 mg/day, on pituitary secretion on 10 elderly patients of both sexes. Samples were drawn at 120 min intervals during a 24 h period, before and after 1 month of therapy. Serum levels of Prl, GH, LH, FSH, TSH and cortisol were measured by RIAs. Hydergine induced a significant increase in the nocturnal serum GH peak. Conversely, no appreciable changes in the pattern of the other hormones studied were found. The observed endocrine effects could be due to the chronic dopaminergic stimulation induced by hydergine.
Influence of pulsatile administration of LRH on the development of the augmentative (positive) effect of oestradiol on the pituitary response to LRH
Authors: van Dieten J. A. M. J. , van Rees G. P. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were treated for 24 h with pulses of LRH (1.25 ng/100 g b.w. every 20 min) or of saline. Moreover, the animals received 3 sc injections of oestradiol benzoate (EB) (50 μg) or oil during this period. At the end of this period all animals received phenobarbital (80 mg/kg ip) and the animals were given pulses of LRH (once every 20 min) containing 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 or 10 ng for 3 h. Pulsatile administration of 1.25 ng pulses for 24 h did not lead to pituitary insensitivity. Treatment with EB caused the development of an increased response to LRH (positive effect). When during the 24–27 h period 5.0 or 10.0 ng pulses of LRH were given, the positive response was the same whether LRH had been administered during the 0–24 h period or not. However, the response to 2.5 ng pulses of LRH was halved when the animals had been pre-treated with LRH. It is concluded that the presence of LRH can inhibit partly the development of the positive pituitary response to LRH as caused by EB.
When the dose of LRH was kept at 1.25 ng/pulse no clear positive effect developed. Chronic administration of phenobarbital for 24 h caused pituitary insensitivity, presumably through a direct toxic effect.
Multiple species of FSH are present within hamster anterior pituitary cells cultured in vitro
Authors: Ulloa-Aguirre Alfredo , Coutifaris Christos , Chappel Scott C. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Anterior pituitary cells were obtained from ovariectomized hamsters and cultured for 4 days. The cells were lysed and intracellular proteins, including FSH, were separated by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. FSH present within cell lysates so separated was quantitated by a specific FSH radioimmunoassay (RIA). Six distinct species of intracellular FSH were observed with pI values = 5.9, 5.7, 5.3, 5.1, 4.7 and 4.3 – 3.8. All six species were detectable when proteins from a concentrate of incubation medium collected from those cell cultures were separated by isoelectric focusing. Similar isoelectric points were obtained when the FSH species present within an anterior pituitary homogenate obtained from ovariectomized hamsters were separated by the same technique. All but two of these six species of intracellular FSH were well recognized by a hamster FSH receptor preparation. However, these two species of FSH (pl values = 4.7 and 4.3 – 3.8) do not appear to be β subunits of the intact glycoprotein as determined by gel filtration. Thus, the present studies demonstrate that, as observed previously in anterior pituitary glands obtained from intact and castrated animals, pituitary cells that have been enzymatically dissociated and cultured in vitro for 4 days contain and secrete multiple species of FSH that are separable by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. This in vitro system may be useful for studying the hormonal factors that regulate FSH species synthesis and secretion.