bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of x-ray-computed tomography as an aid in localization of adrenal masses in the dog
Authors: Bailey Michael Q. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four dogs with clinical evidence of hyperadrenocorticism were evaluated by use of x-ray-computed tomography (ct). Adrenal masses were identified accurately and localized. Unilateral adrenal masses were diagnosed accurately in dogs 1, 2, and 3 and were removed surgically via a paracostal retroperitoneal approach to the adrenal gland. Using ct and iv contrast medium, the adrenal mass in dog 3 also was accurately diagnosed as being highly vascular. The histopathologic diagnosis was adrenal adenoma in dogs 1, 2, and 3. In dog 4, the ct-roentgen diagnosis was asymmetric bilateral adrenal enlargement. Necropsy examination of dog 4 indicated moderate enlargement of the left adrenal gland and severe enlargement of the right adrenal gland. Results of microscopic examination indicated chronic inflammation of the left adrenal gland and adenocarcinoma of the right adrenal gland.
Use of ct facilitated localization of adrenal masses and fulfilled the needs of a localizing technique. A unilateral mass can be removed surgically via a limited exposure, retroperitoneal incision on the affected side of the animal instead of removal via abdominal laparotomy, which is more invasive. Advantages of ct can reduce the needs of other imaging modalities for the localization of adrenal masses.
Prevalence of carpal fractures in thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses
Authors: Palmer Scott E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The prevalence of carpal fractures was determined for 211 Thoroughbred and 75 Standardbred racehorses. Statistically significant differences were found in the location of fractures between the 2 breeds. In the Thoroughbred and Standardbred groups, total fractures (460) were distributed nearly equally between the left (224) and right (236) carpi. The most common site of fracture in the Thoroughbred group was the distal aspect of the radiocarpal bone (112), whereas the most common site of fracture in Standardbred horses was the proximal surface of the third carpal bone (61). Slab fractures were more common in the right carpus of Thoroughbred horses (29 right/11 left), but were distributed equally between the left (11) and right (11) carpi of the Standardbred group. Fractures of the distal border of the radius and intermediate carpal bone were more common in the left carpi of the Thoroughbred group and were relatively uncommon among Standardbred horses. Fractures within the intercarpal joints (313) were more common than those within the radiocarpal joints (147) in Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses.
B-mode ultrasonography of the bovine udder and teat
Authors: Cartee Robert E. , Ibrahim Ahmed K. , McLeary David 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The udders and teats of cows were examined by brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasonography. A 5-MHz linear array transducer and a 5-MHz or 10-MHz mechanical sector transducer were used in the examinations. In lactating animals, the teat sinus, gland sinus, and lactiferous ducts were imaged easily. The scans also allowed visualization of the layers of the teat wall.
The annular fold and the folding of the mucosa at the junction of the teat sinus and the papillary duct were seen best with the 5-MHz and 10-MHz mechanical sector transducers. In one cow lacking milk flow from one quarter, a mass at the junction of the papillary duct and the teat sinus was observed ultrasonographically. Surgical removal of the mass resulted in a return of milk flow from that quarter.
Exogenous corticosteroids increase serum iron concentrations in mature horses and ponies
Authors: Smith Joseph E. , DeBowes Richard M. , Cipriano JoAnn E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Corticosteroid preparation was administered to 7 Shetland Ponies and 10 Quarter Horses. Serum iron concentration increased dramatically for 48 to 72 hours after the steroid treatment, whereas serum iron-binding capacity and serum ferritin concentration did not. An increase in available iron may allow bacteria to proliferate when ponies or horses are stressed or treated inappropriately with corticosteroids.
Effects of racing on hematologic and serum biochemical values in Greyhounds
Authors: Lassen E. Duane , Craig A. Morrie , Blythe Linda L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood samples were collected on nonracing days from 57 racing Greyhounds at 2 weeks, 8 weeks, 13 weeks, and 16 weeks after the beginning of the racing season. Hematologic and biochemical tests were performed to detect marked changes induced by stress of racing. In general, these Greyhounds were healthy. Rhabdomyolysis was detected in one dog. In several other dogs, possible subclinical muscle injury was identified by increased serum creatine kinase activities. Mean serum Ca concentrations tended to decrease during the racing season. None of the tests was a good predictor of racing performance. Mean values for several hematologic and biochemical tests were different from those of other breeds of dogs.
Intermittent open-mouth lower jaw locking in five dogs
Authors: Lantz Gary C. , Cantwell H. Dan 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intermittent open-mouth lower jaw locking was documented in 5 dogs. In contrast to what has been reported in other cases, pronounced radiographic abnormalities in the temporomandibular joints were not observed. In 4 of the dogs, locking episodes started at a later age (35 to 83.5 months) than had been reported by others (6 to 22 months). Duration and frequency of locking were variable. Lateral shifting of the jaw and lack of neurologic deficits indicated a temporomandibular joint abnormality. Excision of the rostroventral portion of the involved zygomatic arch prevented locking in all cases. This syndrome involves variable severity of temporomandibular joint dysplasia, which could account for the variable age of onset and random frequency of locking episodes.
Subtotal colectomy for treatment of acquired megacolon in the dog and cat
Authors: Bright Ronald M. , Burrows Colin F. , Goring Robert , Fox Steven , Tilmant Latayah 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The case records of 4 cats and 1 dog with megacolon and constipation were reviewed to study the history, clinical signs, pathologic changes, and long-term results of surgical treatment. The 4 cats had idiopathic megacolon. The dog had megacolon secondary to dietary indiscretion. All animals had radiographic evidence of a large colon, which was confirmed by exploratory coeliotomy. Two of the cats and the dog had an intraoperative finding of megacecum as well. Subtotal colectomy was performed in all cases, with the ileocolic valve being removed in 3 of these cases. End-to-side anastomosis was used to restore the integrity of the bowel. All animals were treated successfully with this surgical technique, as judged by clinical response and owner satisfaction. Histologically, there were no consistent lesions to explain the cause of this disease in the cats.
Comparison of radiography and ultrasonography in the evaluation of renal lesions in the dog
Authors: Konde Linda J. , Park Richard D. , Wrigley Robert H. , Lebel Jack L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Survey abdominal radiographs, excretory urograms, and nephrosonograms were obtained from 14 dogs with renal lesions. Renal enlargement was suspected on survey radiographs and confirmed by excretory urography in 13 dogs. Radiographic differentiation between a solid and cystic renal lesion was not possible in 9 dogs. Ultrasonography determined the presence of solid masses in 12 dogs, established the presence of a renal cyst in the opposite kidney in 1 dog, and revealed hydronephrosis in 2 dogs. Ultrasonography appeared to be more sensitive than radiography in differentiating the internal characteristics of renal lesions.
Prostatic adenocarcinoma with and without metastasis to bone in dogs
Authors: Durham Stephen K. , Dietze Amy E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The signalment, clinical signs, and histologic tumor pattern were compared retrospectively in 12 dogs having primary prostatic adenocarcinoma with (5 cases) and without metastasis (7 cases) to bone. Weight loss and lumbar pain were observed more frequently in dogs having prostatic adenocarcinoma with metastasis to bone. A distinctive histologic pattern was not associated with prostatic adenocarcinoma that had metastasized to bone. The alveolar papillary pattern was the predominant histologic type observed in both groups. Metastasis to extrapelvic bony sites included the scapulas, ribs, and digits. The results of this study indicate that skeletal metastasis was not uncommon in dogs having prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Recognition of feline parovarian nodules as ectopic adrenocortical tissue
Authors: Altera Kenneth P. , Miller Linda N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Parovarian nodules encountered during ovariohysterectomy were identified histologically as ectopic adrenocortical tissue. Specimens were examined from 17 healthy female cats aged 6 months to 5 years. The structures were gold to tan, 2 to 5 mm in diameter, and located in the broad ligament within 4 cm of the ovary. Their histologic appearance resembled normal adrenal cortices, with remnants of mesonephric tissue. Adrenal medullary tissue was not found.
Nosocomial infections and bacterial antibiotic resistance in a university equine hospital
Authors: Koterba Anne , Torchia Judith , Silverthorne Carol , Ramphal Reuben , Merritt A. M. , Manucy Joyce 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A base-line study of bacteria isolated from horses admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital during a 6-month period was performed to determine the extent of multiresistant nosocomial infections caused by gram-negative aerobic bacteria other than Salmonella spp. Results of this study indicated that 21.9% of the 105 horses from which cultures and sensitivities were available had developed nosocomial gram-negative aerobic infections, with high rates of resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, and trimethoprim sulfadiazine, three of the most often prescribed antibiotics in this hospital.
In addition, a prospective study of antibiotic-resistant bacteria of fecal origin was performed to determine whether there was a change in the degree of antibiotic resistance of a horse's intestinal flora while the horse was hospitalized. Bacterial culturing for gram-negative lactose fermenting bacteria was done on fecal specimens collected directly from the rectum on day 1 and day 7 of a horse's hospitalization. Susceptibility testing was done on each isolant. Of the 24 paired fecal specimens obtained, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp isolated on day 7 were resistant to a significantly higher number of antibiotics than day 1 isolants (P = 0.003, P = 0.043, respectively).
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the dog: 22 cases (1974-1984)
Authors: Leifer Connie E. , Matus Robert E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia was diagnosed in 22 dogs. Diagnosis was based primarily on detection of lymphocytosis and bone marrow infiltration with small lymphocytes similar to those seen in the blood. More than 50% of the dogs had monoclonal gammopathy, and, of these, 40% had monoclonal light-chain (Bence Jones) proteinuria. Hyperviscosity syndrome was observed occasionally. Most dogs were treated with chemotherapy. For the 17 dogs treated ≥ 30 days, the survival times ranged from 30 to 1,000 days.
Clinical and pathologic findings in dogs with atherosclerosis: 21 cases (1970–1983)
Authors: Liu Si-kwang , Tilley Lawrence P. , Tappe James P. , Fox Philip R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Atherosclerosis was diagnosed on necropsy in 21 dogs in a 14-year period. Nine dogs died and 12 were euthanatized because of complications associated with the disease. The mean age was 8.5 ± 0.5 years; 18 dogs were male. Three breeds (Miniature Schnauzer, Doberman Pinscher, and Labrador Retriever) had a higher prevalence of the disease than other breeds in the canine necropsy population of The Animal Medical Center. Most common clinical signs were lethargy, anorexia, weakness, dyspnea, collapse, and vomiting. Hypercholesterolemia, lipidemia, and hypothyroidism were common in affected dogs tested, and protein electrophoresis revealed high values for α2 and β fractions in all dogs tested. Electrocardiography indicated conduction abnormalities and myocardial infarction in 3 of 7 dogs.
Necropsy revealed that affected arteries (including coronary, myocardial, renal, carotid, thyroidal, intestinal, pancreatic, splenic, gastric, prostatic, cerebral, and mesenteric) were yellow-white, thick and nodular, and had narrow lumens. Myocardial fibrosis and infarction also were observed in the myocardium. Histologically, affected arterial walls contained foamy cells or vacuoles, cystic spaces, mineralized material, debris with or without eroded intima, and degenerated muscle cells.
Use of M-mode echocardiography in the diagnosis of congestive cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers
Authors: Calvert Clay A. , Brown John 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
M-mode echocardiography performed on 3 groups of Doberman Pinschers—healthy, early cardiomyopathy, and advanced cardiomyopathy (pulmonary edema present). Echocardiography measurements in those dogs with advanced cardiomyopathy were typical of the disease in human beings and other breeds of dogs. Significant differences were detected between dogs with early cardiomyopathy and those with advanced disease. The E-point septal separation was determined to be the most sensitive and specific criterion for the recognition of early cardiomyopathy.
Cassia occidentalis toxicosis in growing pigs
Authors: Colvin Bill M. , Harrison Lenn R. , Sangster Lowell T. , Gosser Harvey S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Approximately 70 feeder pigs developed ataxia and other signs of neuromuscular dysfunction. The ration fed the pigs was found to be contaminated with Cassia occidentalis seeds. Experimentally, other feeder pigs were fed this ration, and they developed ataxia and other signs of neuromuscular dysfunction within 6 to 8 weeks. In further experiments, feeder pigs fed diets containing 1%, 2%, or 4% ground cassia seeds also became intoxicated. Microscopically, diaphragmatic myopathy and pancreatic tissue necrosis were the principal pathologic findings.
Aerobic blood culturing in cows with coliform mastitis
Authors: Powers Michael S. , White Maurice E. , Dinsmore Page , Guard Charles , Dimock Barbara 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Aerobic culturing was performed on blood samples from 20 cows with coliform mastitis and signs of systemic illness, and on blood samples from 21 cows with mastitis caused by other agents. No bacteria other than the skin contaminant Bacillus sp were isolated from the blood.
Economic impact of the use of prostaglandin to induce estrus in dairy cows
Authors: Fetrow John , Blanchard Terry 
Published: February 2025

Summary
An economic model concerning the value of using prostaglandin (pg) in dairy cows with nondetected estrus was developed. Considering numerous and varied assumptions, it was more profitable to treat cows with pg and to breed the cows at a detected estrus than it was not to treat the cows and to wait to breed the cows at a detected estrus. Generally, using timed artificial insemination, it was also more profitable to breed pg-treated cows than it was not to use pg. However, timed insemination was less profitable than was breeding pg-treated cows by artificial insemination at a detected estrus.
Chemotherapy of lymphoma in 75 cats
Authors: Jeglum K. Ann , Whereat Anne , Young Karen 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Seventy-five cats with lymphoma were treated with combination sequential chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate. Thirty-nine cats had mediastinal, 16 had multicentric, 14 had alimentary, and 6 had renal lymphoma. The median survival time of the 75 cats was 8 weeks, with a mean of 32 weeks. Sixty-two cats had follow-up evaluation until death or cure and had a median survival time of 7 weeks, with a mean of 37 weeks. Of the 62 cats, 32 (52%) attained complete remission, with a median remission duration of 16 weeks and a mean of 46 weeks. The addition of prednisolone and/or L-asparaginase to the protocol did not improve the results. Sixteen cats with multicentric lymphoma had the longest survival times (median, 18 months) and remission durations (median, 25 months). Prognostic factors were evaluated in each anatomic form of lymphoma.
Use of an inactivated vaccine for prevention of parvovirus-induced reproductive failure in gilts
Authors: Brown Talmage T. , Whitacre Michael D. , Robison O. Wayne 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Gilts from dams that had been inoculated with inactivated porcine parvovirus (ppv) vaccine before breeding became seronegative to ppv by 26 weeks of age. Vaccination of these gilts with inactivated ppv vaccine at 32 weeks of age resulted in an antibody response that peaked at about 2 weeks after vaccination, with –log10 mean hemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibody titers of less than 2. In the first-year group (82 gilts), hi titers gradually decreased, 20% of the gilts being seronegative by 6 to 7 weeks after vaccination and 75% being seronegative by 16 weeks after vaccination. In the second-year group, 93 gilts were infected naturally by a field strain of ppv at about 11 weeks after single vaccination with inactivated ppv. Additionally, in the second year, 20 vaccinated and 6 nonvaccinated gilts were immune-challenged with virulent ppv at 10 to 12 weeks after vaccination. Neither field nor challenge ppv infection of vaccinated pregnant gilts caused reproductive failure, even though some of the gilts became seronegative for ppv before challenge. Our findings suggest that single vaccination of gilts with inactivated ppv vaccine should give adequate protection from ppv-induced reproductive failure, even though serum hi titers decrease to an undetectable level shortly before ppv infection.
Renal tubular acidosis in two horses: Diagnostic studies
Authors: Ziemer Ellen L. , Parker Harold R. , Carlson Gary P. , Smith Bradford P. , Ishizaki Goro 
Published: February 2025

Summary
An 11-year-old Quarter Horse mare and a 2-year-old Quarter Horse colt with clinical diagnoses of renal tubular acidosis (rta) were donated to the University of California Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. A series of diagnostic tests was performed in an attempt to characterize the type and cause of rta in these horses. Endogenous creatinine clearance and sodium sulfanilate clearance were within reference ranges; thus, no abnormality of glomerular function was detected. To assess renal tubular function in response to acid loading, each horse was given 0.1 g of NH4Cl/kg of body weight via nasogastric tube in 6 L of water. Urine acidification in response to the oral acid load was less than that observed in control horses. The urinary clearance ratio for sodium also was found to be greater for the principals than for the controls. These findings supported a diagnosis of rta that closely resembled type 1 or distal rta. In an attempt to determine the cause of rta, renal ultrasonography, renal biopsy, and a mating study were performed. No abnormalities were identified, and the cause of rta in these cases remained unknown.
Economic assessment of a pseudorabies epizootic, breeding herd removal/repopulation, and downtime in a commercial swine herd
Authors: Hoblet Kent H. , Miller Gay Y. , Bartter Neale G. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The effect of pseudorabies in a 150-sow farrow-to-finish operation on selected production and economic values was estimated. Mean litter size remained the same throughout the observation period; however, there was a 2-fold increase in suckling pig mortality and a 3.5-fold increase in stillbirths when the months of the epizootic were compared with pre-epizootic months. Following the epizootic, suckling pig mortality was 13.7% greater (P<0.05) than that observed in the months preceding the epizootic, whereas stillbirth rate was 71% higher (P<0.01) than that reported in the pre-epizootic months. Total net loss for this operation was estimated at $48,175. The major economic losses (approximately 88% of the total loss) were related to breeding herd removal/repopulation and production downtime.
Effects of tolazoline and yohimbine on xylazine-induced central nervous system depression, bradycardia, and tachypnea in sheep
Authors: Hsu Walter H. , Schaffer David D. , Hanson Chip E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
We compared the ability of tolazoline and yohimbine to antagonize xylazine-induced central nervous system depression, bradycardia, and tachypnea in 9 ewes and 5 rams. Once a week for 3 weeks, each sheep received one iv treatment of 0.4 mg xylazine/kg, 0.4 mg xylazine/kg followed in 10 minutes by 2 mg tolazoline/kg, or 0.4 mg xylazine/kg followed in 10 minutes by 0.2 mg yohimbine/kg. The order of the 3 treatments in each sheep was randomized. Xylazine alone caused recumbency for 41.0 ± 3.7 minutes (mean ± sem). Tolazoline and yohimbine shortened the xylazine-induced recumbency to 12.1 ± 0.9 minutes and 18.1 ± 1.5 minutes, respectively. Sheep given xylazine alone had head droop for 34.0 ± 5.4 minutes after rising. Head drooping of sheep given tolazoline or yohimbine was reduced to 10.1 ± 1.7 minutes and 14.2 ± 1.7 minutes, respectively. Both tolazoline and yohimbine reversed the bradycardia and tachypnea that followed xylazine administration. No statistical differences in the rate and magnitude of the reversal were observed between the 2 drugs.
Equine ehrlichiosis in northern California: 49 cases (1968-1981)
Authors: Madigan John E. , Gribble David 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Case records of horses with equine ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia equi) at the University of California Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital and Ackerman Creek Large Animal Clinic were analyzed for evaluation of clinical signs, time of onset, hematologic values, response to treatment, and recovery. Equine ehrlichiosis was found to be seasonal in horses in the foothills of northern California, with higher incidence than reported previously. The horses developed fever, anorexia, depression, limb edema, icterus, and ataxia. Hematologic changes were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, icterus, anemia, and inclusion bodies in the neutrophils and eosinophils. Diagnosis was made by observing the characteristic inclusion bodies, using a standard Wright's stain. Mortality was low, although complications of opportunistic secondary infection and injury due to ataxia did develop. Treatment with tetracycline resulted in prompt clinical improvement within 24 hours. Chronic cases were not detected. Equine ehrlichiosis should be differentiated from diseases with similar clinical signs including encephalitis, liver disease, purpura hemorrhagica, equine infectious anemia, and equine viral arteritis.
Influence of anesthetic regimen on the frequency of seizures after cervical myelography in the dog
Authors: Gray P. R. , Indrieri R. J. , Lippert A. C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
We examined the influence of various anesthetic drug combinations on the frequency of seizures in dogs after cervical myelography with metrizamide. Over a 12-month period, 78 dogs admitted to the teaching hospital for cervical myelography were assigned randomly to 1 of 6 anesthetic protocols. Myelography was performed, and the dogs were observed for signs of seizure activity after recovery from anesthesia. The person making the decision as to whether or not a dog had had a seizure was unaware of the anesthetic protocol that had been used. Preanesthetic treatment with pentobarbital (5.0 mg/kg) and maintenance of anesthesia with methoxyflurane significantly reduced the frequency of seizures (P<0.05). No reduction in seizure frequency was seen with any anesthetic protocol using halothane as the maintenance agent.