bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoanalytical Studies of the Thermal Stability of High Polymers. II. The Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Some Polyethylenes
Authors: Igarashi Shoichi , Kambe Hirotaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermal stability of polyethylenes has been studied by differential thermal analysis and by thermogravimetric analysis in air and in a nitrogen atmosphere.
The crystallinities of some polyethylenes have been evaluated from the data of differential thermal analysis. These values are smaller than the reported value. This discrepancy may be due to differences in the methods.
In the differential thermal analysis curve for low-pressure polyethylene Hizex 5000 in air, two small exothermic peaks due to oxidation were observed at about 200 and at about 390°C. The endothermic peaks at 135 and at 457°C correspond to the melting and to the thermal decomposition points of polyethylene.
In thermogravimetric analysis in a nitrogen atmosphere, the thermal decomposition of lowpressure polyethylene takes place over the range from 380 to about 450°C, and that of high-pressure polyethylene, from 360 to about 450°C. In the presence of air, the oxidative degradation of low-pressure and high-pressure polyethylenes occurs in three stages: the first from about 200 to 350°C, the second from about 350 to 390°C, and the third from about 390 to 455°C.
It has been concluded that the thermal stability of high-pressure polyethylene is smaller than that of low-pressure polyethylene. This may be attributed to the difference in branching of commercial polyethylenes.
A Possibility for Determining the Entropies of Electrolytes from the Initial Thermoelectric Powers of Thermocells
Authors: Ikeda Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An alternative method for determining the third-law partial molar entropies of electrolytes in aqueous solutions from the data on nonisothermal systems has been presented. They can be obtained from the difference between the initial thermoelectric powers of two different thermocells, the one being formed by cation-reversible electrodes and the other being formed by anion-reversible electrodes, both with common electrolytes of the same concentration. The partial molar entropies have been calculated to be 31.59, 37.53 and 42.87 e.u. for hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, and hydroiodic acid respectively at 25°C and 0.01 m.
Some Properties of Polyoxyethylene Dodecyl Ether over a Wide Range of Polyoxyethylene Chain-lengths
Authors: Tokiwa Fumikatsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The fundamental properties of polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether (PODE) with different polyoxyethylene chain-lengths (p) have been studied over a wide range of p values. The molecular weights of the PODE, purified by the extraction method using water-saturated n-butanol and n-butanol-saturated water, have been determined by both the freezing point depressions of benzene solutions and the hydroxyl values of PODE; the molecular weights as determined by the different methods are in nearly complete agreement with each other. The Rf-values of the original samples containing small amounts of PEG are slightly lower than those of the purified samples, and the PEG contained in original samples show an almost constant Rf-value, irrespective of the p value.
The infrared spectra of purified PODE have been compared with those of the original ones. The spectra of the purified PODE with p-values smaller than about 16 exhibited a carbonyl absorption at 1725 cm−1. However, the reason for this could be established only partially. The effect of the carbonyl group found in the above PODE on the surface tension of aqueous solutions was not observed distinctly.
The solubilization behavior of PODE differs somewhat from the behavior of ordinary ionic surfactants, and some solubilization can take place in the region of the surfactant concentration which is lower than the CMC. There appears to be a simple relationship between the CMC values, obtained from solubilization vs. concentration curves, and the p values of PODE over a wide range of p values.
The Direct lodination of Polyalkylbenzenes by the Crossed Jacobsen Reaction
Authors: Suzuki Hitomi , Sugiyama Takashi , Goto Ryozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method has been developed for the direct iodination of certain polyalkylbenzenes by the transfer of an iodine atom of iodoanisole. It consists of the simultaneous addition of iodoanisole and sulfuric acid to the polyalkylbenzene to which the transfer is to be made. In this way, iodo compounds have been prepared from eight polyalkylbenzenes.
The Steric Requirements and the Nature of the Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding of o-Methoxybenzoic Acid
Authors: \={O}ki Michinori , Hirota Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra of derivatives of salicylic acid with alkyl sub-stituents at the 2-O-, 3- and/or 6-positions have been measured, and much information on the nature of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding has been obtained from these data. The infrared O-H stretching absorption measurement shows that a substituent at the 6-position inhibits the formation of hydrogen bonding and that a substituent at the 3-position has some unfavorable steric effects.
These data imply the importance of the coplanarity of the carboxyl group with the benzene nucleus; moreover, a consideration of these data, together with the infrared C=O streching and ultraviolet spectral data, leads to the conclusion that the structure of the hydrogen-bonded trans isomer Ia may be expresed as a resonance hybrid among XXIV, XXV, XXVI and XXVII, the contribution of XXIV being the most important and that of XXV the next most important.
Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Hexammine- and Pentammine-chromium(III) Complexes
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Kamada Minoru , Fujita Junnosuke , Kyuno Eishin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Twenty-nine samples of hexammine and pentammine complexes of chromium (III) and cobalt (III) have been prepared, and their infrared spectra have been measured in the region of 2∼25μ. The absorption peaks of these complexes have been found to shift to higher frequencies in the N-H stretching vibrations, and to lower frequencies in the N-H deformation and the Cr-N stretching vibrations in the order of the chlorides, the bromides and the iodides. In a potassium bromide prism region, three absorption bands due to the Cr-N stretching vibrations have been observed in hexammine- and halopentamminechromium(III) halides, but only one in the aquopentamminechromium(III) complexes. The shifts of the absorption bands observed have been discussed from the standpoint of the hydrogen bond formation.
The Cationic Copolymerization of Styrene and Isobutene in Liquid Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Iino Masashi , Tokura Niichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The copolymerizations of styrene and iso-butene in liquid sulfur dioxide and in mixtures of liquid sulfur dioxide with nitromethane, ethylene dichloride, nitrobenzene and benzene have been carried out at −78°C. The r1 and r2 values have been estimated by the intersection method. When M1 stands for styrene and M2 for isobutene, r1 and r2 are 1.1 and 3.1 in liquid sulfur dioxide. The r2 values vary, as the added solvent is changed. Two sets of r1 values, approximately unity and 0.5, have been found. The meager solubility of polyisobutene and isobutene sequence in the copolymer may be responsible for the findings.
Analytical Studies Using the Convection Electrode. VII. The Use of the Pushed-out Mercury-drop Electrode
Authors: Suzuki Junsuke , Ozaki Tokuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The limiting currents with the PMDCE depend on the factors of both convection and diffusion. The PMDCE is easy to prepare and to manipulate, and it has an excellent sensitivity. It can be used even in a strongly alkaline or acidic medium and can be reused many times with good reproducibility. Therefore, various applications to analytical chemistry can be expected.
The Thermal and Radiation Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol in Aqueous Solutions Containing Metal Ions at Elevated Temperatures. IV. The Effect of Impurities in Benzene
Authors: Suzuki Nobutake , Hotta Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The yield of phenol from the oxidation of unpurified benzene catalyzed by metal ions in an aqueous solution is much larger than from that of purified benzene. Phenol is produced in a good yield at temperatures lower than 160°C only in an oxygenated solution, in which OH radicals are produced, either with or without irradiation. Therefore, the autoxidation of impurities in benzene, initiated by OH radicals, is the initiation reaction of the chain oxidation process. On the other hand, phenol is also produce above 180°C even when OH radicals are not produced. Therefore, it is considered that the hydroperoxides of impurities are formed at higher temperatures without the OH radical by means of their autoxidation. Moreover, the yield of phenol in a cupric sulfate solution decreases remarkably with an increase in the sulfate concentration.
The Formation of Methyl Methanethiolsulfonate, an Antibacterial Substance, from Dimethylsulfoxide
Authors: Tsuchiya Tsutomu , Iriyama Setsuko , Umezawa Sumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Methyl methanethiolsulfonate has been obtained from the reaction product of dimethyl sulfoxide with hydrogen chloride. Methyl methanethiolsulfonate has been found to have antifungal and antibacterial activities.
2) It has been suggested that methanesulfenyl chloride is formed from the diacid salt of DMSO and that it reacts with methanesulfinic acid to yield methyl methanethiolsulfonate.
Tensammetric Waves in Oscillographic Square-wave Polarography
Authors: Okamoto Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The possibility of observing the tensammetric waves of surface-active agents by an oscillographic square wave polarograph has been investigated. Well-defined tensammetric waves of some aliphatic alcohols, as well as those of some synthetic surface-active agents, can be obtained both in the cathodic and anodic sweep processes. The summit potential values, measured by the oscillographic method and pen-recording method, are almost identical. The relations of the concentrations and temperature to the summit potentials obtained by the two methods are almost equivalent, also. However, the summit current observed by the oscillographic method is higher than that obtained by the pen-recording method, and also the relation of logC to is is not equivalent.
In order to measure the CMC of surfaceactive agents, the author had made use of the fact that, at the CMC of the agents, the form of the reduction or the oxidation wave of a metallic ion added to the solution of the agent changes remarkably. This method is thought to be superior to the conventional d. c. polarographic method, for the reduction and also the oxidation waves of a metallic ion can be observed, and the response to the change in the reversibility of the electrode reaction is much faster than with the d. c. method.
Stereochemical Studies of Monoterpene Compounds. I. The Conformation of (+)-p-Menthane-3,4-diol Obtained by the Performic Acid Oxidation of (+)-p-Menth-3-ene
Authors: Suga Takayuki , Shishibori Tsuyoshi , Matsuura Tamon 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The conformational analysis of (+)-p-menthane-3,4-diol, which had been obtained by the hydroxylation of (+)-p-menth-3-ene with performic acid in the presence of water, has been performed mainly by means of infrared spectra. It has been shown that the two hydroxyl groups at the C3- and C4-positions take a diaxial conformation, that they are, accordingly, trans to each other, and that the methyl group presumably holds an equatorial orientation. It has also been found that p-menthane-trans (diaxial)-2,3-diol results from the p-menth-2-ene coexisting in the sample of p-menth-3-ene. A stereochemical course of the hydroxylation reaction has been discussed.
The Reaction of Carbon Monoxide with Organometallic Compounds.
Authors: Ryang Membo , Rhee Ilsong , Tsutsumi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of iron pentacarbonyl with aryllithiums at −50∼60°C has yielded the corresponding aromatic aldehydes in good yields. 2,6-Dimethylbenzaldehyde (36.4%), 2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde (65.4%), p-t-butylbenzaldehyde (47.0%), o-t-butylbenzaldehyde (54.3%), p-methoxybenzaldehyde (24.2%) and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (60.5%) have been prepared by this method.
The Normal Vibrations of Diketopiperazine and Its N-Deuterated Compound
Authors: Fukushima Kunio , Ideguchi Yoshiko , Miyazawa Tatsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The normal vibrations of diketopiperazine and its N-deuterated compound have been calculated, with the metylene groups treated as mass points. An assignment of the infrared absorption bands has been made on the basis of the calculated frequencies and potential energy distributions, and the nature of the characteristic vibrations of the cis-amide group has been discussed.
The Formation of Sulfur Compounds in the Radiolysis of a Toluene Solution of Sulfur
Authors: Ando Wataru , Sugimoto Ken’ichi , Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The radiolysis of a toluene solution of sulfur has been investigated. The formations of benzyl mercaptan, hydrogen, and hydrogen sulfide have been observed, and their amounts determined under various considerations. The amounts of mercaptan formed increase linearly with the concentration of sulfur, and the reactions seem to proceed through the initial decomposition of toluene to form the benzyl radical, which then opens the S8 ring molecule to form the mercaptan. The G-value of hydrogen formation is considerably larger than that of hydrogen sulfide. Similar studies were made of the systems of toluene - cyclohexane - sulfur and of toluene - carbon disulflde - surfur in order to clarify the nature of the radiolysis of toluene and sulfur.
Decomposition and Energy Transfer in the Radiolysis of Sulfur Compounds in Toluene
Authors: Ando Wataru , Sugimoto Ken’ichi , Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The decomposition yields of organosulfur compounds in toluene have been studied using DPPH as a radical scavenger. The effect of the concentration of sulfur compound is quite marked, and the irradiation energy absorbed in the solution of toluene seemed to be transferred to the sulfur compound. The largest energy transfer from toluene has been observed in the decompostion of benzyl mercaptan, while the disulfide has been shown to absorb the energy from the excited toluene less than half as effectively as does the mercaptan. As compared to the mercaptan or the disulfide, benzyl sulfide is far less effective in energy absorption.
The Radiation-induced Reaction of Benzyl Mercaptan and p-Tolyl Mercaptan in Various Organic Solvents
Authors: Ando Wataru , Sugimoto Ken’ichi , Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The decomposition of benzyl mercaptan and p-tolyl mercaptan in various organic solvents has been studied, and the following conclusions have been obtained. 1) A radiation-sensitive solvent such as hexane is readily attacked by the benzyl mercapto radical. 2) When the resulting mercapto radicals are stabilized substantially by resonance, solvent radicals from the radiolysis of solvents will abstract hydrogen from the mercaptan. 3) The G-values of mercaptan decomposition in such solvents as hexane, cyclohexane, acetone, methanol and dioxane are relatively higher than those in carbon disulfide, benzene, toluene and nitrobenzene. The reaction presumably proceeds through the energy transfer process from solvent to mercaptan. When an aromatic π-electron system is present in any solvent, the radiation energy absorbed will be dissipated quite readily through electronic excitation to lower-energy levels of the solvent molecule.
The Preparation of Dimer Aldehydes and Dimer Alcohols in an Oxo Reactor. II. The Initial Rate of the Hydroformylation of Propylene in the Presence of Magnesium Methylate as a Modifier
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Matsuda Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of magnesium methylate addition upon the initial rate of propylene hydroformylation has been explained in terms of Arrhenius plots of the initial rate constants, and in terms of the activation energy as a function of Mg/Co. Moreover, the plot of the logarithm of the frequency factor vs. the activation energy appears to be linear, which indicates that a compensation takes place with respect to the initial rate in the presence of magnesium methylate. The extension of Cremer’s view about the compensation effect in heterogeneous catalysis into this kind of liquid-phase reaction leads one to expect another catalyst besides that of cobalt carbonyl.
The determination of the cobalt carbonyl anion in the reaction product obtained from raw material either with no or with a large excess of magnesium methylate (Mg/Co=3) indicates that in the former product scarcely no cobalt is detectable as the carbonyl anion, whereas in the latter product a part of the cobalt exists as such. The anion is to be ascribed to that of a mixed metal carbonyl of [Co(CO)4]2 Mg, which facilitates the production of dimer aldehydes. Further, the infrared spectrum of the latter product differs markedly from that of the former product. This may afford evidence for the other catalyst expected.
Adsorption of Congo Red and Fuchsine Base by Hydrous Beryllium Oxide Aged for Different Periods
Authors: Dutta Rup 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three samples of hydrous beryllium oxide, of different character, were prepared by adding different quantities of an alkali to a fixed volume of beryllium sulfate solution for precipitation. These samples were allowed to age progressively and there adsorptive capacities for dye-stuffs were studied. It has been found that the adsorptive capacity of the samples decreases with aging of the hydroxide and the adsorption data dye-stuffs reveal that the three samples possess different adsorptive capacities.
Kinetic and Spectrophotometric Studies of the Homogeneous Catalytic Activity of Iron(III) Complexes upon the Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wada Goro , Nakamura Tadayoshi , Terauchi Kunio , Nakai Toru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is catalytically decomposed by the Fe3+ ion, the activity of which is remarkably affected by the kind and the number of ligands coordinated to it. In this paper, the effects of ligands have been kinetically and spectrophotometrically determined and discussed from the view-point of the ligand field theory.
(1) The reaction generally proceeds linearly with time after a certain induction period, and the rate depends upon the pH of the solution.
(2) The reaction rate varies with the kind of the ligand and with its concentration. When [L]/[Fe3+] is equal to unity, the rate decreases in the order: en&gt;dien∼(H2O)∼ea&gt;trien&gt;tetraen∼dip∼phen.
(3) The apparent activation energy of the reaction exhibits a maximum, except in the cases of trien and phen, at the concentration ratio [L]/[Fe3+]=1, and the values of the activation energy at this concentration ratio are in the order: dien∼trien&gt;tetraen&gt;en&gt;ea&gt;(H2O)&gt;phen.
(4) The true activation energy of the reaction catalyzed by the pure iron-complex is calculated from the observation of the stability constants to be in the order: dien&gt;trien&gt;en&gt;(H2O)&gt;ea, which completely coincides with the order of the activation entropy.
(5) The visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra of Fe-phen32+ and Fe-phen33+ as catalysts in the working state were observed, and it was found that there takes place a redox cycle, Fe3+\ightleftarrowsFe2+, during the reaction and that phen molecules are gradually decomposed at the same time.
(6) In the course of the reaction, the peaks of the ultraviolet absorption of Fe-phen32+ and Fe-phen33+ bring about a slight red shift, which is caused by the coordination of HO2 to the iron ion.
(7) Judging from a comparison between the activation energy of the reaction and the spectrochemical series of ligands and from the calculation of the stabilization energy due to the ligand field theory, the reaction proceeds through an SN1 mechanism under the iron (III) oxidation state in the case of strong field complexes and through an SN2 mechanism under the iron (II) state in the case of weak field complexes.
(8) The reaction is retarded and the activation energy is raised by the addition of the CN− ion, which strongly coordinates with iron and forms a very strong field complex.
Studies on Amino-hexoses. VII The N-Deacetylation of Methyl N-Acetyl α-d-Glucosaminide
Authors: Fujinaga Mamoru , Matsushima Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Methyl N-acetyl-α-d-glucosaminide has been found to be well N-deacetylated by hydrazine treatment. The methyl α-d-glucosaminide thus produced shows so much stability with regarded to hydrazine and to barium hydroxide that these reagents provide a convenient means of preparing anomerically-pure methyl d-glucosaminide and its hydrochloride. The free base of methyl α-d-glucosaminide has been obtained crystalline for the first time.
Sesquiterpene Constituents of the Essential Oil of Hinoki (Chamaecyparis Obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.)
Authors: Hayashi Schûichi , Yano Katsumi , Matsuura Tamon 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
d-Longifolene and calamenene have been newly identified from the essential oil of Hinoki. Cadinene and cadinol, which had been formerly reported, have been confirmed to be d-γ-cadinene and l-α-cadinol respectively.
Stability Constants of Palladium, Copper, Nickel, Zinc and Manganese Complexes of 3-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-1-p-chlorophenyltriazene
Authors: Purohit D N , Sogani N C 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Stabilities of palladium, copper, nickel, zinc, and manganese chelates of 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-1-p-chlorophenyltriazene have been determined in 70% v/v dioxan-water mixturre by employing Bjerrum-Calvin pH titration technique. The titration medium was maintained at a constant ionic strength (0.1 m, potassium chloride) and at a temperature, 25±0.5°C. Log K, palladium 20.95, copper 20.65, nickel 14.58, zinc 13.53, and manganese 10.50.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Titanium(III) Ions with Complexing Compounds
Authors: Fujiwara Shizuo , Codell Maurice 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The EPR spectra of a number of titanium(III) complex compounds have been obtained at room temperature and in aqueous solutions ; these compounds show either a hyperfine structure alone or a mixture of hyperfine and simple structures. The g values for the various complexes have been determined and compared. This technique should provide a simple method for studying the state in solution of the complexes of several other metals and their isotopes.