bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of 1‐(m‐aminophenyl)flavazoles for the preparation of immunogens with oligosaccharide determinant groups. A method is described for the preparation of immunogens with oligosaccharide determinant groups
Authors: Himmelspach K. , Westphal O. , Teichmann B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method is described for the preparation of immunogens with oligosaccharide determinant groups.The method, which consists of conversion of the sugar into its 1‐(maminophenyl)flavazole and subsequent azo‐coupling to protein, has been elaborated with various oligosaccharides of the isomaltose‐, maltose‐, and cellobiose‐series. It requires unsubstituted hydroxyl groups on positions 2 and 3 adjacent to the reducing end of the sugar and appears to be especially suited for oligosaccharides having a polymerization degree between 3 and 8. The procedure does not necessitate protection of the sugar hydroxyl groups. Oligosaccharide‐flavazole‐azo‐edestin conjugates have been tested for immunogenicity in rabbits. Specific anti‐oligosaccharide antibodies were formed in all instances. High titres of dextranspecific antibodies were obtained upon immunization with an isomaltoheptaose‐flavazole‐azo‐edestin conjugate. Further applications of the method will be discussed.
Direct stimulation of lymphoid tissue of the chicken. II. Changes in lymphoid organs following intrathymic and intravenous injection of antigen
Authors: Janković B. D. , Isaković Katarina , Petrović Spomenka 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphoid tissue from chickens immunized intrathymically or intravenously with BSA was examined histologically at various time intervals after challenge. Quantitative analyses of the thymus medulla and the periarterial area of the spleen were based on 4080 to 6942 counted cells. Three days after immunization, thymic lobes injected with BSA exhibited an increase in the number of blasts. This was followed by a rise in plasma cell population up to 5 days. Significant diminution of small lymphocytes and moderate increase of medium and large lymphocytes occurred after immunization. Contralateral noninjected thymic lobes of the same chickens showed similar cellular kinetics. In thymuses of birds immunized intravenously with BSA there was a moderate increase in plasma cells. Thymic lobes of intrathymically or intravenously immunized bursectomized chickens were normal.In the spleen, an augmented number of blasts was found 3 days after intrathymic or intravenous challenge. Intrathymic injection of BSA produced profound changes in the bursal follicles and intense plasmacytic reaction 3 and 9 days after immunization.The results are discussed in the light of the hypothesis that the chicken thymus is not only a primary lymphoid organ, but also an organ capable of acting as a secondary lymphoid tissue.
Original antigenic sin at the cellular level I. Antibodies produced by individual cells against cross‐reacting haptens
Authors: Deutsch Sylvia , Bussard A. E. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract“Original antigenic sin” has been studied in the mouse at the cellular level using two cross‐reacting haptens: m‐aminobenzoic acid (mB) and m‐sulfanilic acid (mS). The number of antibody‐forming cells (AFC) was measured by the local hemolysis technique using red blood cells coupled to the haptens. Immunization was performed with the haptens coupled to a carrier protein (human γ‐globulin) in Freund's adjuvant. It was found that a heterologous booster was always followed by an increase of the AFC specific of the primary antigen, larger than what could be expected from the cross‐reactivity of the two haptens. In the case of primary stimulation by mS and secondary stimulation by mB, it was observed that the absolute number of AFC against mS was greater than the AFC against mB.
Separation of T and B lymphocytes by preparative cell electrophoresis
Authors: Nordling S. , Andersson L. C. , Häyry P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFree flow electrophoresis can separate mouse spleen and lymph node lymphocytes into two fractions: a high mobility (more negatively charged) and a low mobility (less negatively charged) fraction. The high mobility lymphocytes are sensitive to anti‐Θ serum and complement but resistant to an anti‐serum against mouse specific B lymphocyte antigen (MBLA). They produce rosettes with sheep red cells and induce a graft‐vs‐host reaction when injected into F1‐hybrid recipients. The high mobility lymphocytes also respond to phytohemagglutinin in vitro and are cytotoxic to allogeneic target cells after appropriate immunization. The low mobility lymphocytes are sensitive to anti‐MBLA serum and complement but resistant to anti‐Θ serum, form rosettes and hemolytic plaques against sheep red cells after immunization, but neither respond to phytohemagglutinin in vitro nor induce a graft‐vs‐host reaction. In CBA mice the percentages of high and low mobility lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes correspond to the known distributions of T and B cells in these organs. The separated cells are viable since they are able to perform biological functions. Thus free flow cell electrophoresis seems to produce viable populations of mouse T and B lymphocytes.
Antigenic correlations between brain and thymus. I. Common antigenic structures in rat and mouse brain tissue and thymocytes
Authors: Thiele H.‐G. , Stark Rosemarie , Keeser Dorothea 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbit anti‐mouse brain serum (AMBS) and anti‐rat brain serum (ARBS) were found to exhibit cytotoxic activity against homologous thymocytes. AMBS also proved to be cytotoxic for rat thymocytes and ARBS for mice thymocytes. Although rat lymph node and spleen cells were nearly uneffected by ARBS, AMBS exhibited some cytotoxicity against the lymph node and spleen cells of mice. The percentage of mouse lymph node and spleen cells lysed by AMBS resembled that caused by Θ‐isoantiserum, Nevertheless, unlike Θ‐isoantisera, the AMBS was also cytotoxic for AKR thymocytes.Absorption analyses showed that the cytotoxic activity on mouse thymocytes could be absorbed out of the ARBS by both rat and mouse thymocytes and brain residues, However, the latter failed to remove cytotoxic effects on rat thymocytes. Conversely, rat thymocytes and brain homogenate did not influence the cytotoxic effects of AMBS on mouse thymocytes, but eliminated its cytotoxic effects on rat thymocytes. After previous in vitro treatment with anti‐CBA mouse brain serum or ARBS, CBA brain residue proved no longer capable of absorbing any Θ‐C3H isoantibodies. This indicates that the antibrain antibodies had blocked the Θ‐determinants.
Cell proliferation in transplanted rat tumors: Influence of the host immune system
Authors: Rajewsky M. F. , Grüneisen A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a computer‐aided procedure of analyzing labeled mitoses data, a comparison was made between the proliferative characteristics of solid transplanted BICR/MIRK rat tumors grown in immunocompetent or anti‐thymocyte serum treated hosts. The tumors were primary re‐implants of cells from a permanent cell culture line (BICR/MIRK; 70th passage), originating from a transplantable rat mammary tumor (BICR/MIR) which was also included in the study. The results are discussed in relation to the influence of the host immune system on the rates of cell production and cell loss, the cell cycle parameters, and the distributions of cell cycle times, derived for these tumors.
Autonomy of thymus‐processed lymphocytes (T cells) for their education into cytotoxic cells
Authors: Golstein P. , Wigzell H. , Blomgren H. , Svedmyr E. A. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal thymus cells were passed through anti‐mouse immunoglobulin‐coated columns, resulting in very pure T cells. These were then injected into irradiated semi‐allogeneic recipients, where they were transformed into educated, specifically cytotoxic cells. This demonstrated autonomy of T cells for their education in our experimental system.
Lymphocyte membrane particle redistribution induced by a mitogenic/capping dose of the phytohemagglutinin of Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Loor F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA mitogenic dose of fluorochrome‐conjugated phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is allowed to react with normal mouse lymphocytes and to redistribute in caps on the membrane. At the level of electron microscopy, an important redistribution of the intramembranous particles can at that time be observed on many cells by the use of the freeze‐fracture technique. In some cases the membrane particles are clearly concentrated in one area of the visible cell membrane only, which is assumed to correspond to a cap of PHA‐binding sites. These results are discussed in view of their relevance to membrane structure and to lymphocyte triggering.
Induction of skin allograft tolerance during metamorphosis of the toad xenopus laevis: a possible model for studying generation of self tolerance to histocompatibility antigens
Authors: Chardonnens X. , Pasquier L. Du 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom 15 days before to 60 days after metamorphosis, an immunologically specific tolerance to skin allografts between individuals of Xenopus can be induced by skin allografts. Genetic inheritance of histocompatibility antigens determines the degree of tolerance during metamorphosis: in individuals from the first generation, 25–50 % of the siblings were tolerant. In second generation individuals, the percentage of tolerance is 75–100 % when the parents show mutual tolerance to skin allografts at metamorphosis and only 25 % when the parents are mutually incompatible. In view of the characteristics of this tolerance it is suggested that it concerns mainly weak histocompatibility antigens and that it occurs preferentially at metamorphosis, as at this stage the animal becomes tolerant to many new self‐antigens.
Ir‐LDHB: Map position and functional analysis
Authors: Melchers Inga , Rajewsky K. , Shreffler D. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDifferent strains of mice immunized with lactic dehydrogenase B (LDHB) can be classified into high and low responders. Breeding experiments suggest regulation of this immune response by a dominant gene (Ir‐LDHB), which is linked to the major histocompatibility complex (H‐2). Studies in recombinant inbred mice made it possible to map Ir‐LDHB within the H‐2 complex between Ir‐1 and Ss‐Slp. The argument that it is a single gene or only a small gene cluster which regulates immune responsiveness to the multideterminant enzyme molecule is strengthened by our finding of only two levels of responsiveness among a variety of inbred mouse strains.Responsiveness in this system is thymus‐dependent and can be transferred to low responders by transfer of normal or immune spleen cells from high responders. Experiments in an adoptive transfer system, in which 4‐hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitrophenacetyl (NIP)‐LDHB was used as a hapten‐carrier complex, demonstrated that LDHB‐specific helper activity was detectable in LDHB‐primed spleen cells of responder animals only. This indicates a deficiency of LDHB‐specific T cells in low responder mice.Immunization of congenic mice with the hybrid isoenzyme LDHAB results in equal production of anti‐LDHB antibodies in low and high responders.Examination of these sera in isoelectric focussing (IEF) led to the following conclusions. a) Individual sera show, in general, little heterogeneity of anti‐LDHB antibodies. b) Low responders exhibit a similar degree of heterogeneity as do high responders. c) A few groups of bands, indistinguishable in IEF, appear repeatedly in individual sera, irrespective of the H‐2 allele of the donor.We conclude that Ir‐LDHB is expressed exclusively at the level of T cell function.
The thymus during the ontogeny of the toad Xenopus laevis: Growth, membrane‐bound immunoglobulins and mixed lymphocyte reaction
Authors: Du Pasquier L. , Weiss N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe reactivity of thymic lymphocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reaction of the toad Xenopus laevis is already established in the 4th week after fertilization. The degree of tritiated thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes and stimulation indices were of the same order of magnitude during ontogeny. This stability of the thymocyte reactivity contrasts with other aspects of the thymus development. At metamorphosis, the number of lymphocytes in the thymus is reduced by a factor of 5, as compared to the maximum number of cells in larval stage.The use of a sensitive immunofluorescence technique suggested that a previously noticed decrease in the percentage of immunoglobulin‐bearing thymocytes is likely to be due to the lower expression of immunoglobulin molecules at the surface of the cell. None of these ontogenetic changes seemed to affect the reactivity of thymocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reaction, at least in unidirectional reactions between individuals from unrelated families.
Selective stimulation by B lymphocytes in the syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction
Authors: von Boehmer H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractT and B lymphocytes from spleen and thoracic duct have been separated by preparative electrophoresis and their ability to stimulate syngeneic and allogeneic thymic cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures has been studied.In syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), thymus cells from neonatal mice can only be stimulated by B lymphocytes from adult mice, whereas T and B lymphocytes are stimulatory for allogeneic thymus cells from neonatal and adult mice.The role of the syngeneic MLR as an example of self recognition and as a screening mechanism for depression of self‐reactive cells is discussed.
Separation and characterization of cortical and medullary bursal lymphocytes
Authors: Grossi C. E. , Casali Anna M. , Bartoli Silvana , Governa M. , Manzoli F. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCortical and medullary lymphocytes from the chicken bursa of Fabricius were examined for their DNA content and [3H]thymidine incorporation. The kinetics of the latter is different for both cell types, while chemical and cytophotometric tests showed cortical lymphocytes to contain more DNA. In addition, immunofluorescent detection of membrane‐bound immunoglobulins demonstrated that most medullary cells are B lymphocytes.Therefore, the cortex and the medulla appear to be distinct compartments of the bursal follicle, the cortex being a zone of continuous lymphocyte proliferation, while the medulla contains an homogeneous population with fully developed immunological competence.
Intercellular communication between lymphocytes in vitro. Fluorescein‐permeable junctions, their enhancement by lysolecithin and their reduction by a synthetic immunosuppressive lysolecithin analogue
Authors: Sellin D. , Wallach D. F. H. , Weltzien H. U. , Resch K. , Sprenger E. , Fischer H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe demonstrate that (anti‐immunoglobulin‐stimulated) lymphocytes can form transient fluorescein‐permeable contacts with unstimulated cells, allowing rapid intercellular flow of fluorescein. We quantified the process by fluorescence microscopy and flow‐cytofluorometry and reason that the phenomenon might reflect cooperation between lymphocytes; alternative explanations are not excluded.Lysolecithin and the derivative 1‐O‐hexadecyl‐propanediol‐3‐phosphorylcholine increase the fluorescein transfer between stimulated and non‐stimulated rabbit lymph node lymphocytes; both agents function as immunological adjuvants in vivoand in vitro. In contrast, 1‐O‐decyl‐propanediol‐3‐phosphoryl‐choline, an immunosuppressant, reduces fluorescein transfer. These findings support the contention that cell junctions might participate in the lymphocyte cooperation occurring during immune stimulation.
Complement‐independence of tolerance induction
Authors: Pepys M. B. , Taussig M. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn vivo depletion of plasma complement by the purified C3‐cleaving protein of cobra venom (CoF) had no effect on the induction of tolerance in adult mice to either thymus‐dependent or thymus‐independent antigens. This contrasts with the suppressive effect of CoF on, and the requirement for C3 in, the induction of thymus‐dependent antibody production in vivo and in vitro.
The mixed leukocyte reaction in chickens. Evidence for control by the major histocompatibility complex
Authors: Miggiano V. C. , Birgen I. , Pink J. R. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne‐way and two‐way mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR) have been performed using cells isolated from peripheral blood of chickens from four different inbred lines (CA, CB, WA and WB).MLR between chickens from the same line, or from lines CA and CB (which have the same major histocompatibility antigens (B antigens)) were always negative; MLR between chickens from lines differing at the B locus were always positive, even when the lines compared (WA, WB) had otherwise identical or very similar genetic backgrounds. This evidence that a locus or loci controlling the MLR is linked to the major histocompatibility locus in the chicken was confirmed by the results of MLR performed with leukocytes from the F2 progeny of a WA × CB cross. These experiments also exclude (at least for the WA/CB combination) the role in the reaction of other, non‐B‐linked MLR loci.The evolution of the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex is discussed in the light of these findings.
Graft‐versus‐host reaction in F1 recipients in the absence of donor (parental) cell proliferation
Authors: Scollay R. G. , Hofman Florence , Globerson Amiela 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study concerns the role of donor cell proliferation in graft‐versus‐host (GVH) reaction, using in vivo and in vitro systems. We have confirmed the reports of others that treatment of parental cells with mitotic inhibitors prevents the development of GVH splenomegaly in newborn F1 recipients. However, in an in vitro GVH assay, parental cells treated with mitomycin C at doses as high as 50 μg/ml were shown to cause enlargement of newborn F1 spleen fragments. This apparent anomaly was partly resolved by showing that mitomycin C‐treated parental cells could give rise to splenomegaly in newborn F1 mice in vivo, provided they were mixed with newborn F1 spleen cells prior to injection. The possibility that mitotic inhibitors adversely affect the ability of parental cells to migrate to the sites of interaction with recipient cells, rather than inhibiting their actual ability to interact (and hence cause proliferation) is discussed. The nature of this GVH interaction is also considered.
Immunoglobulins in the airway washings and bile secretions of chickens
Authors: Katz D. , Kohn A. , Arnon Ruth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAirway washings and bile globulins of chickens were examined by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic methods. A third immunoglobulin besides IgG and IgM was found in serum and in secretions of chickens and may be regarded as the avian IgA. Unlike bile, which had only IgA, some airway washings contained all three immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA), while others only one or two of them (IgA, or IgG and IgA). No antigenic differences were found between the serum IgA and the secretory IgA of bile and airway washings. A secretory piece, present in mammalian immunoglobulins, was not found in chickens. Chickens have, however, a different secretory component.
Studies on release of modified cytophilic antibodies from the surface of macrophages in the presence of antigens
Authors: Lisowski J. , Starościk Krystyna , Wieczorek Z. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe interaction of chemically modified rabbit anti‐trinitrophenyl (TNP) macrophage cytophilic antibodies with guinea pig macrophages was studied. The antibodies were modified with dodecylsuccinic anhydride which had no effect on antibody activity, but rendered the modified antibodies inactive both in the passive direct and passive indirect tests for cytophilic activity. However, the modified proteins had the ability to block macrophage receptors and inhibit rosette formation. It was found that the modified antibodies were bound to macrophages, but were released after combining with TNP‐coated erythrocytes.No such release was observed when soluble antigen trinitrophenylated (bovine serum albumin) or TNP‐hapten, TNP‐ϵ‐aminocaproic acid were used.The implication of this effect is that combination of the Fab portion of antibody molecules with an insoluble antigen might produce a conformational change in the Fc region. However, other possibilities, e.g. the effect of modification on the cytophilic activity of the Fc region and the disruption of rosettes by thermal motion, are also discussed.
Phosphorylcholine‐bearing components in homogenates of nematodes
Authors: Péry P. , Petit Agnès , Poulain Joëlle , Luffau G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHomogenates prepared from the developmental stages of the nematodes, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (a rat parasite) and Haemochus contortus (a sheep parasite) were found to react specifically with two myeloma sera that possess anti‐phosphorylcholine binding activity. Some properties of the phosphoryl‐bearing components and of the precipitation reaction are presented and the postulated biochemical nature of these components is discussed.
The effect of specific cell inactivation on the cellular immune response to ferreodoxin peptides
Authors: Pearson T. , Levy Julia , Kilburn D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious studies using synthetic immunogenic molecules containing two haptenic peptides (the NH2‐terminal heptapeptide and the COOH‐terminal pentapeptide of oxidized ferredoxin (O‐Fd) from C. pasteurinaum ) have shown that both peptides individually are capable of initiating lymphocyte transformation and inhibiting migration in populations of lymphocytes from O‐Fd‐sensitized guinea pigs. While migration inhibition could readily be stimualted by single haptenic peptides, lymphocytes transforamtion appeared to be more easily induced by molecules containing two or more haptenic peptides (these could be identical or different) (Kelly, B., Levy, J. G. and Hull, D., Eur. J. Immunol., 1973. 3: 574). If lymphocyte transformation is a T cell‐mediated phenomenon, these observations indicate the possibility of T cell‐T cell interaction. The two haptenic peptides (designated „N”︁ and „C”︁) were synthesized and conjugated to succinylated bovine serum albumin (S‐BSA), forming the cojugates N‐S‐BSA and C‐S‐BSA, repectively. These conjugates were labled to high specific activity with 125iodine and were used in and „antigen suicide”︁ procedure to treat guinea pig lymph node cell preparation previously sensitized to 0‐Fd adn keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Cell population exposed to either 125I‐labeled N‐S‐BSA or 125I‐labeled C‐S‐BCA demonstrated decreased lymphocytes transformation in the presence of O‐Fd but not in hte presence of KLH. These results indicate specific cell inactivation cell transformation. Experiments performed by mixing 125I‐labeled N‐S‐BSA‐treated cells with 125I‐labeled C‐S‐BSA‐treated cells were successful in partially restoring the response to O‐Fd and suggest possible synergy between N and C determinant binding cells in the cellular immune response to O‐Fd. Evidence from B cell depletion studies suggests that this is a T cell‐T cell interaction.
Receptors for IgG molecules on human lymphocytes forming spontaneous rosettes with sheep red cells
Authors: Ferrarini M. , Moretta L. , Abrile Roberte , Durnte Maria Laura 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA mixed rosette techinque with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and ox erythrocytes heavily coated with rabbit antibody (EA) was employed to simultaneously idnetify human peripheral blood T lymphocytes and IgG receptor‐bearing cells. The findings of a noticeable proportion of „mixed resettes”︁ in peripheral blood lymphocytes freshly drawn from normal individuals and of an even higher number of these mixed rosettes in cell suspension kept in culture media supplemented with fetal calf serum provide evidence for the capacity iof human T cells to express membrane receptors for antigen‐antibody complexes.