bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incomplete palmar fracture of the proximal extremity of the third metacarpal bone in horses: Ten cases (1981–1986)
Authors: Lloyd K. C. Kent , Koblik P. , Ragle C. , Wheat John D. , Lakritz J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In 4 adult horses, simple, nondisplaced, incomplete fracture of the proximal extremity of the third metacarpal bone (MC3) was identified radiographically only on the dorsopalmar projection. Lameness was slight to moderate. Although nerve blocks of the foot and fetlock did not alter the lameness, high palmar regional nerve block improved the gait in 1 of the 2 horses on which it was performed. Pain on palpation or swollen distal accessory (inferior check) ligament, flexor tendons, and suspensory ligament were not found in any horse. The fracture was localized to the palmar surface of the proximal extremity of the MC3 on the basis of the intense uptake of radiopharmaceutical (99MTc-labeled sodium medronate) observed in that area during the soft tissue and delayed bone phases of a nuclear scintigraphic examination (nuclear scan) performed concurrently with radiography. Of 4 horses evaluated 6 months after the initial diagnosis, 3 had medullary sclerosis without radiographic evidence of fracture; results of follow-up nuclear scintigraphy performed in one of these horses at the same time were normal.
Incomplete fracture also was suspected in another 6 adult horses with clinical lameness referable to the proximal extremity of the MC3. Although a fracture line could not be seen radiographically, trabecular hypertrophy and/or medullary sclerosis of the proximal extremity of the MC3 were detected on the dorsopalmar projection. Further, during nuclear scintigraphy, an intense uptake of the radiopharmaceutical was observed on the palmar aspect of the proximal extremity of the MC3 in all 6 horses. The area of uptake was similar to the area of uptake on the nuclear scan images of the 4 horses in which a fracture line was visible radiographically.
After a variable rest period (1 to 12 months), 9 of 10 horses were sound, 5 reportedly had returned to the previous level of performance, and 1 was lost to followup.
Diagnosis of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Dirofilaria immitis infections in cats from a humane shelter
Authors: Willard M. D. , Roberts R. E. , Allison N. , Grieve R. B. , Escher K. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
During a 6-month period, 108 sexually mature stray cats were euthanatized at a humane shelter in Alabama. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus was identified in 20 of the cats (18.5%) by Baermann fecal examination, necropsy, or histologic examination. The Baermann fecal examination was a more sensitive test for aelurostrongylosis than was necropsy or histologic examination. Thoracic radiography was useful in identifying infected cats, but was a less sensitive and more nonspecific method of detection than was the fecal examination. Changes in cbc and serum protein concentrations were not helpful in identifying cats with aelurostrongylosis. Six of 17 (35%) heartworm-free, lungworm-infected cats had antibodies to Dirofilaria immitis, as determined by an elisa method, but none had circulating D immitis antigen, as determined by an elisa method. Three (2.8%) cats had D immitis. Two of the heartworm-infected cats had no detectable antemortem radiographic or clinicopathologic evidence of the infection. Results of elisa were positive for antibodies to adult heartworms in 2 cats and for circulating heartworm antigen in 2 cats. One cat that had only one heartworm had no detectable circulating heartworm antigen.
Newly recognized fatal protozoan disease of dogs
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Carpenter J. L. , Speer C. A. , Topper M. J. , Uggla A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Histologic sections and case histories from 23 dogs with proven fatal toxoplasmosis-like illness at the Angell Memorial Animal Hospital were reviewed. Toxoplasma gondii was identified in 13 dogs. A newly identified parasite, Neospora caninum, structurally distinct from T gondii, was found in 10 dogs. The newly discovered organism, belonging to a new genus and new species, formed meronts in many tissues of the dogs, especially the brain and spinal cord. Neospora caninum was located directly in the host cell cytoplasm without a parasitophorous vacuole; it divided by endodyogeny, contained more than 11 rhoptries, and did not react with the anti-T gondii serum in the immunoperoxidase test. Meningoencephalomyelitis and myositis were the main lesions associated with N caninum. Ulcerative and fistulous dermatitis was the major lesion in 1 dog.
Toxicity of a vitamin D3 rodenticide to dogs
Authors: Gunther Roland , Felice Lawrence J. , Nelson Robin K. , Franson Anita M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
As a follow-up to an investigation of 2 dogs that died as a result of apparent toxicosis attributable to a cholecalciferol-containing rodenticide, we tested the toxicity of this product in dogs. Two groups of 2 dogs each were fed amounts of rodenticide that provided 20 and 10 mg of cholecalciferol/kg of body weight (approx one fourth and one eighth of the published ld50, respectively). All dogs developed hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia and then died. Major lesions were gastrointestinal hemorrhage, myocardial necrosis, and mineralization of vascular walls. Our data indicate that cholecalciferol-containing rodenticides pose a much greater hazard to dogs than was previously believed.
Adrenal function in 15 dogs with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zerbe Carole A. , Refsal Kent R. , Schall William D. , Nachreiner Raymond F. , Gossain Ved V. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Pituitary-adrenal junction was assessed by a combined dexamethasone suppression-acth stimulation test in 15 diabetic and 9 healthy dogs. In both groups, plasma Cortisol concentrations decreased (P<0.00l) after dexamethasone administration and increased (P<0.001) after acth administration. Differences between groups (P>0.05) and group-by-time interactions were not significant (P>0.05). Seemingly, adrenal function was not altered in well-regulated diabetic dogs.
Renal dysfunction in dogs with pyometra
Authors: Stone Elizabeth Arnold , Littman Meryl P. , Robertson John L. , Bovée Kenneth C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Renal junction and pathologic changes in 27 dogs with pyometra were studied. Evaluation included cbc; serum biochemical evaluation; urinalysis; urine and uterine bactériologic culture; uterine morphologic features; and light, electron, and immunofluorescent microscopic evaluation of renal tissues. Measurements of 24-hour creatinine clearance, protein excretion, Na excretion, and urine volume were made in 12 dogs without azotemia.
Of 27 dogs, 26% were azotemic and 89% had a urine sp gr < 1.035. Glomerular filtration rate was reduced in 75% of 12 dogs without azotemia. None of these 12 dogs was proteinuric. Examination of renal biopsy specimens revealed a high prevalence of mild tubulointerstitial nephritis, but few specific glomerular lesions. Minimal immunofluorescence was detected within the mesangium in 18% of the dogs. Immunofluorescence was not associated with the interstitium or tubules. Urinary tract infection was detected in 22% of the dogs. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were recovered from the uterus in 59 and 15% of the dogs, respectively.
Low urine specific gravity values were obtained from dogs without azotemia and from dogs with uterine cultures considered negative for E coli and other gram-negative bacteria. The reduction in glomerular filtration rate was a functional abnormality not correlated with structural damage in the glomerulus.
Spontaneous systemic hypertension in dogs: Five cases (1981–1983)
Authors: Littman Meryl P. , Robertson John L. , Bovée Kenneth C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Spontaneous (not experimentally induced) systemic hypertension was detected in 5 male dogs that were examined because of apparent blindness caused by intraocular hemorrhage and/or retinal detachment. Secondary causes of hypertension, including renal, adrenal, and thyroid disease, were investigated. Four of the dogs had glomerulonephropathy renal insufficiency, and proteinuria. Four dogs had compensatory cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertension in 4 of 5 dogs was associated with glomerulosclerosis with chronic renal insufficiency, bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia, adrenocortical adenoma with renal amyloidosis, and immune-mediated glomerulonephritis with chronic renal insufficiency, respectively. The fifth dog was determined to have essential hypertension. The dogs were treated for their primary diseases. Sodium restriction alone was inadequate to reduce blood pressure; 4 of the dogs also required antihypertensive medications.
Bar suture (toggle pin) vs open surgical abomasopexy for treatment of left displaced abomasum in dairy cattle
Authors: Kelton D. F. , Garcia J. , Guard C. L. , Dinsmore R. P. , Powers P. M. , Smith M. C. , Stehman S. , Ralston N. , White M. E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Fifty-nine dairy cows with left displacement of the abomasum were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 treatments. Twenty-eight were treated by right paramedian abomasopexy via laparotomy, and 31 were treated by percutaneous fixation of the abomasum, using the bar suture or toggle pin technique. Comparisons of the 2 groups, at 4 follow-up examinations, yielded no significant differences in return to normal milk production, return to normal feed intake, mortality, culling rate, tissue reaction at the surgical site, or redisplacement up to 60 days into the subsequent lactation.
Serum and peritoneal fluid phosphate concentrations as predictors of major intestinal injury associated with equine colic
Authors: Arden Warwick A. , Stick John A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
To determine the reliability with which inorganic phosphorus (phosphate) concentrations can be used to predict major intestinal injury associated with equine colic, phosphate concentrations were measured in serum, peritoneal fluid, or both from 9 clinically normal adult horses (group A), 37 horses successfully managed medically for signs of abdominal pain (group B), 26 horses with signs of abdominal pain and undergoing exploratory laparotomy without intestinal resection (group C), and 26 horses undergoing intestinal resection or euthanasia for extensive intestinal lesions (group D).
Peritoneal fluid phosphate concentration was significantly greater in horses in group D (mean, 4.58 ± 0.34 mg/dl) than in horses in group A (mean, 2.78 ± 0.21 mg/dl), group B (mean, 2.92 ± 0.27 mg/dl), and group C (mean, 2.98 ± 0.28 mg/dl; P ≤ 0.01). Serum phosphate concentration was significantly greater in horses in group D (mean, 3.87 ± 0.30 mg/dl) than in horses in group A (mean, 2.73 ± 0.22 mg/dl), group B (mean, 2.80 ± 0.21 mg/dl), and group C (mean, 2.78 ± 0.22 mg/dl; P ≤ 0.05). There was significant (P ≤ 0.001) correlation between serum and peritoneal fluid phosphate concentrations within each group and when pairs from all groups were pooled.
When peritoneal fluid phosphate concentrations exceeded 3.6 mg/dl, intestinal lesions requiring resection or euthanasia were predicted with sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 76%. When serum phosphate concentrations exceeded 3.3 mg/dl, such lesions were predicted with sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 73%. These findings demonstrated that determination of peritoneal fluid phosphate concentration is of diagnostic value in adult horses requiring intestinal resection. Determination of serum phosphate concentration may be of value when peritoneal fluid is not obtainable.
Necrosis of the collateral cartilage of the distal phalanx in horses: 16 cases (1970–1985)
Authors: Honnas Clifford M. , Ragle Claude A. , Meagher Dennis M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The medical records of 16 horses with necrosis of the collateral cartilage of the distal phalanx were reviewed. Typical history included a laceration or puncture wound over the affected cartilage, resulting in persistent drainage proximal to the coronary band. All horses had signs of lameness. The duration of drainage prior to admission to the hospital ranged from 5 days to 5 months. The involved cartilages were left front lateral (n = 4), right front lateral (n = 5), left rear lateral (n = 1), right rear lateral (n = 4), left front medial (n = 1), and left rear medial (n = 1).
The affected cartilage was curetted or resected in 13 horses, and conservative treatment was used in 3 horses. Follow-up information on 15 horses (2 to 72 months after discharge) revealed that 66% were sound and able to perform at their previous level. One horse was euthanatized 2 months after discharge from the hospital because it had septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint.
The outcome of treatment for each horse was evaluated with respect to the duration of drainage and the method of treatment. Horses with drainage of <1 month's duration had a better prognosis for eventual soundness, compared with horses with drainage of ≥ 1 month's duration prior to initiation of treatment. Nine of the 13 horses managed surgically and 1 of the 3 horses managed conservatively were sound at follow-up evaluation.
Cisplatin for treatment of transitional cell and squamous cell carcinomas in dogs
Authors: Shapiro Wayne , Kitchell Barbara E. , Fossum Theresa W. , Couto C. Guillermo , Theilen Gordon 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Thirteen dogs with tumors were treated with monthly infusions of cisplatin. Complete responses were not observed. Of 8 dogs with urinary tract transitional cell carcinomas, 1 (12.5%) had a partial response of 31 weeks’ duration, and 4 (50%) had stable disease for 12, 30, 32, and 34 weeks. Three (60%) of 5 dogs with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas had partial responses for 2, 10, and 15 weeks.
All 13 dogs were evaluated for signs of toxicosis. Transient episodes of vomiting were recorded for 7 dogs (54%), and 2 dogs (15%) had mild thrombocytopenia. Although renal function gradually decreased in 2 dogs (15%), none of the dogs had an episode of acute renal failure attributable to cisplatin. These findings suggest that cisplatin may be a safe and potentially effective agent for treatment of transitional cell and squamous cell carcinomas in dogs.
Surgical treatment of sand colic in equids: 48 cases (1978–1985)
Authors: Specht T. E. , Colahan Patrick T. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Medical records of 48 equids (47 horses, 1 pony) with surgical sand colic were reviewed. The diagnosis of sand colic was made if a sand impaction(s) was palpated during exploratory abdominal surgery or if a large quantity of sand was found during colotomy. Most equids did not experience a previous episode of sand diarrhea or sand colic. Clinical findings and results of clinicopathologic determinations were not diagnostic. Rectal palpation findings in 40 of 46 horses were compatible with large-colon and/or cecal distention. Impactions were palpable per rectum in only 7 horses, but emergency abdominal surgery revealed one or more impactions in 46 of 48 equids. Single impaction most commonly was observed at the pelvic flexure. Twenty-six horses had concurrent large-colon torsion or displacement. Pelvic flexure colotomy was performed in 44 horses. Of 48 equids, 44 survived and were discharged.
Experimental uses of flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone in food-producing animals
Authors: Kopcha Michelle , Ahl Alwynelle S. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Presently, in the United States, there are no nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, except aspirin, that are approved for use in animals intended for food production. Use of phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, and dipyrone for treatment of food animals may be considered in special circumstances. Such use requires strict adherence to FDA guidelines for extra-label use of drugs. Flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone have been shown to have a favorable influence on the course and outcome of certain diseases. This report reviews information concerning the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutics of phenylbutazone and flunixin as they have been used on an experimental basis in food animals.
Radiophosphorus (32P) treatment of bone marrow disorders in dogs: 11 cases (1970–1987)
Authors: Smith Marcia , Turrel Jane M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Between March 1970 and February 1987, radiophosphorus (32P) was used to treat bone marrow disorders in 6 dogs; 4 had polycythemia vera and 2 had essential thrombocythemia. Activities of 32P given initially ranged from 2.4 to 3.3 mCi/m2. Four dogs responded well to 32P treatment, with gradual resolution of high rbc or platelet counts. Two of these dogs died of intercurrent disease unrelated to their bone marrow disorder, before blood counts could be stabilized. Two dogs did not respond to the initial 32P treatment nor to additional treatments with 32P and had clinical signs and blood counts stabilized by use of phlebotomy or chemotherapeutic agents. We reviewed and analyzed 5 other cases of bone marrow disorders in dogs treated with 32P and included the findings from their records with the records of our 6 dogs in this retrospective analysis. Of the 8 dogs with polycythemia vera treated with 32P, 5 were given a single treatment that controlled clinical signs and blood counts for the remainder of the follow-up period. Of the 3 dogs treated for thrombocytosis with 32P, 2 had blood counts that responded to a single treatment.
Seroepidemiologic survey of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats of Wake County, North Carolina
Authors: Grindem C. B. , Corbett W. T. , Ammerman B. E. , Tomkins M. T. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibodies were detected in 9 of 123 (7.3%) cats. More clinically ill cats had titers to fiv than did healthy cats (15% vs 3.6%). Previous or current illnesses in these fiv-positive cats included urinary bladder disease, anemia, cat-bite abscesses, bacterial infections, bleeding disorders, diabetes mellitus, and chronic respiratory tract disease. All fiv-positive cats were males, with mean age of 6.0 years (range, 1 to 11 years). Half (n = 3) of the clinically ill fiv-positive cats were concurrently seropositive for FeLV antigen. Three of the ill cats were euthanatized or died 1 month after initially testing, whereas the remaining 3 ill cats and the 3 healthy fiv-positive cats were healthy 1 year after initial testing. Antibody titer to fiv persisted in 4 of 5 cats, but serotest results were equivocal in 1 cat evaluated 1 year later.
Radiographic diagnosis of hereditary chondrodysplasia in newborn lambs
Authors: Vanek Jerome A. , Walter Patricia A. , Alstad A. D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Normal appearing Suffolk lambs affected with hereditary chondrodysplasia (hc) and normal appearing unaffected lambs were radiographed at birth, and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks of age. In affected lambs, lesions were seen consistently in the elbows, shoulders, sternum, and spine. Similar lesions were not identified in unaffected lambs.
A malformed Corriedale lamb was radiographed to compare its lesions to those seen in hc. The Corriedale lamb had islands of ossification of the anconeal process similar to those identified in lambs with signs of hc at birth. The islands of ossification seen in the Corriedale lamb were fused by 2 months of age, whereas elbow lesions seen in lambs with hc increased in severity during the same period.
Evaluation of the ability of altrenogest to control the equine estrous cycle
Authors: Lofstedt Robert M. , Patel Jagdish H. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In our experience, altrenogest has not always been able to exert predictable control over the estrous cycle of the mare. Therefore, we examined 12 mares that were treated with altrenogest to identify reasons for its failure to control the estrous cycle. The mares were fed altrenogest for 15 to 20 days and were examined for follicle development, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation during treatment. Through the use of real-time ultrasonography and radioimmunoassay for progesterone, we concluded that altrenogest was unable to suppress the growth of follicles to preovulatory size in some mares, leading to ovulation during treatment or earlier than expected after the end of treatment. In addition, altrenogest did not appear to shorten the life-spans of the corpora lutea that were formed during treatment; in 4 mares, this resulted in the persistence of corpora lutea after the end of the suggested 15-day periods of treatment. The latter findings led us to suggest that if a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin had been given at the end of altrenogest treatment, there would have been improved control over the estrous cycle. The results of our study confirmed our clinical impressions that altrenogest may be satisfactory to control the equine estrous cycle under some circumstances, but it should not be used when precise control over ovulation is required.
Aflatoxicosis in Iowa swine: Eight cases (1983–1985)
Authors: Cook W. O. , Van Alstine W. G. , Osweiler G. D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
During 1983, 1984, and 1985, aflatoxicosis was diagnosed in 8 Iowa swine herds after the herds were fed corn from the 1983 corn crop. As a result of the diagnosis, the associated environmental conditions, clinical signs of aflatoxicosis, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, aflatoxin concentrations detected in feeds, and management of affected swine were reviewed.
Concentrations of aflatoxin in shelled corn and complete feed were as high as 2,020 ng and 1,200 ng of aflatoxin (B1 and B2)/g of feed, respectively. Clinical signs of aflatoxicosis included decreased feed consumption and weight loss. Some pigs died acutely, but death often was preceded by a period of clinical disease. Greater morbidity and mortality were observed in swine herds that consumed greater concentrations of aflatoxin.
Food hypersensitivity in cats: 14 cases (1982–1987)
Authors: White Stephen D. , Sequoia Dianne 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Food hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 14 cats. Clinical signs varied; pruritus (100%), alopecia (64%), and papules (21%) were the ones most commonly observed. Pruritus was localized principally to the head or to the neck or ear region in 42% of the cats. Diagnosis was made on the basis of resolution of clinical signs when cats were fed a restricted (“hypoallergenic”) diet, and recurrence of signs when cats were fed their original diet or other food. The most common allergens (on the basis of dietary challenge exposure) were fish and dairy products. Age or sex predilection was not observed, and 9 (64%) of the cats were domestic shorthairs. Owners could not relate the onset of clinical signs with a recent change in diet. Three cats had concurrent flea bite, inhalant, or flea collar hypersensitivity.
Treatment and prognostic factors in lymphoma in cats: 103 cases (1977–1981)
Authors: Mooney Samantha C. , Hayes Audrey A. , MacEwen E. Gregory , Matus Robert E. , Geary Alan , Shurgot Barbara A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The records of 103 cats with lymphoma that underwent chemotherapy were reviewed. Diagnosis was confirmed by cytologic or histopathologic examination of appropriate tissue specimens. Sixty-four cats (62%) had a complete response to chemotherapy (median survival time, 7 months); 21 cats (20%) had a partial response (median survival time, 2.5 months); and 18 cats had a minimal response (median survival time, 1.5 months). Seventy-seven cats (75%) died of recurrent or progressive lymphoma, 9 cats died of feline leukemia-related anemia, 13 cats died of unrelated causes, and 4 cats were alive. Stage of disease was significantly (P = 0.009) related to response to treatment, and stage of disease and FeLV status were both significantly (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively) related to survival.