bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydatid Cysts of the Kidney: Simulating Similar Kidney Lesions
Authors: SHAWKET TALAL N. , AL‐WAIDH MACKI 
Published: December 2008

SummaryFive cases of atypical hydatid cyst of the kidney are present.Four cases simulated kidney tumours and 1 an infectious lesion, but were misdiagnosed on account of the absence of the typical signs and finding of hydatid disease.With the increase in world travel hydatid disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of all other kidney masses, especially when they are atypical.
Calcium‐47 Absorption in Urolithiasis
Authors: BLACKLOCK N. J. , MACLEOD M. A. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe intestinal calcium absorption was measured in a group of stone formers using an external isotope counting technique.Hyperabsorption was found in 82% and was even more prevalent in the recurrent cases.Comparison of absorption with urinary calcium excretion showed greater correlation in a group of recurrent stone formers than in cases of apparently solitary stone formation.The finding of intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium in a high proportion of stone formers may be aetiologically significant in the parenchymal calcium deposition found in these cases.
Ureteral and Vesical Metastases in Nephroblastoma
Authors: PAGANO FRANCESCO , PENNELLI NATALE 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA case of multilocular renal cyst associated with an intrapelvic small nodule of malignant Wilms' tumour presenting subsequent urothelial metastasis is described. To avoid the possibility of urothelial neoplastic cell implantation the authors suggest more detailed histological examination and removal of the ureter in appropriate cases.
Methotrexate Treatment for Advanced Bladder Cancer
Authors: HALL R. R. , BLOOM H. J. G. , FREEMAN J. E. , NAWROCKI A. , WALLACE D. M. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryIntermittent intravenous methotrexate has been used to treat patients with locally advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (40 cases) and of the renal pelvis (2 cases).Objective evidence of tumour regression, attributable to the methotrexate therapy, was observed in 11 patients (26 %) for 2 to 20 months. Several other patients gained relief of symptoms but in these there was no clear evidence of tumour regression.Toxic side‐effects from methotrexate interrupted treatment for a time in 29 patients but were seldom serious and were never fatal.It is concluded that intravenous methotrexate therapy is of value in the management of advanced bladder cancer.The possibility of improving tumour response and decreasing drug toxicity is discussed.
Abnormalities of Detrusor and Sphincter Function in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: ANDERSEN JENS T. , BRADLEY WILLIAM E. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryBladder and urethral function was studied in 52 patients with multiple sclerosis using gascystometry combined with sphincter electromyography.96% of the patients showed abnormalities of either detrusor or sphincter function.The abnormal patterns discovered indicated demyelinating lesions in the corticospinal as well as in the reticulospinal tract.Urgency and urge‐incontinence were the predominant symptoms, whereas no signs of involvement of the upper urinary tract was found.The use of gas‐cystometry provides a fast and differentiated method for assessment of the detrusor function.
Latent Carcinoma of the Prostate: the Probability of Identifying Small Lesions in Routine Histology
Authors: DELIDES G. S. , BALTOPOULOS G. , PAPAHARALAMPOUS N. X. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryIn 3,072 open prostatectomy specimens covering a 25–year period 117 (4%) showed frank carcinoma.A further 74 cases showed areas of occult carcinoma or atypical hyperplasia. These focal lesions had an average diameter of 1 mm and 96 % were situated in the peripheral regions of the specimen. In view of the situation of these lesions and their small size, an improved method of taking blocks for histological sections from prostatectomy specimens is proposed, resulting in an increased probability of demonstrating the areas of occult malignancy.
The Use of Bromocriptine in the Treatment of the Unstable Bladder
Authors: FARRAR D. J. , OSBORNE J. L. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryInitial experience with the use of bromocriptine in 24 patients with troublesome micturition symptoms associated with an unstable bladder is described.14 patients responded symptomatieally to treatment with bromocriptine and these results were confirmed by a double blind trial in this group.11 of these patients had previously failed to benefit from treatment either with drugs or vesical distension.It is concluded that bromocriptine has a part to play in the treatment of some cases of primary detrusor instability.
Comparison of Sterile Bag, Clean Catch and Suprapubic Aspiration in the Diagnosis of Urinary Infection in Early Childhood
Authors: HARDY J. D. , FURNELL P. M. , BRUMFITT W. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryBag, clean catch and suprapubic specimens of urine were taken on the same day in a group of 30 unwell infants and young children.On microbiological grounds suprapubic aspiration was far superior to clean catch collection and clean catch collection superior to bag collection in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection.
Comparison of Hydrophilic Polymer‐coated Latex, Uncoated Latex and PVC Indwelling Balloon Catheters in the Prevention of Urinary Infection
Authors: TIDD M. J. , GOW J. G. , PENNINGTON J. H. , SHELTON J. , SCOTT M. R. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryLatex, hydrophilic polymer‐coated latex and PVC balloon indwelling urethral catheters were compared in respect of the urinary tract infections arising in association with their use in male patients.The polymer (Hydron) coating conferred no benefit over uncoated latex which in turn was indistinguishable from PVC.No significant differences in the spectra of infecting organismns were observed between the 3 catheter types.
Prostatic Biopsy with the 21 Gauge Surecut® Needle. A Preliminary Report of a New Technique
Authors: TORP‐PEDERSEN S. , JUUL N. , RASMUSSEN F. , SEHESTED M. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— The 21 gauge Surecut® needle is a fine needle system providing regular tissue cores for histological evaluation. Using the Franzén needle sheath, transrectal biopsies were performed on 13 patients and a tissue core obtained in 12 cases.Ultrasonically guided transperineal biopsies were performed on 14 patients and a tissue core was obtained in 13 cases. It is concluded that the 21 gauge Surecut® needle is able to yield histological material for prostatic diagnosis.
Management of Congenital Posterior Urethral Valves
Authors: SCOTT J. E. S. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— A series of 46 children treated by the author since January 1972 for congenital posterior urethral valves is presented: 22% were diagnosed at birth, 28% as neonates and 52% in the first 3 months of life.Ninety‐three per cent had unilateral or bilateral dilatation of the upper urinary tract at the time the valves were diagnosed and 72% had ureteric reflux. Unilateral reflux occurred into the left ureter twice as often as the right. Renal failure was present at the time of diagnosis in 72% of all of the children but in 83% of those aged less than 3 months.Surface urinary diversion was used minimally during post‐operative management and contributed little to the recovery of renal function. Reflux disappeared spontaneously in one‐third of the refluxing ureters. Ureteric dilatation subsided spontaneously in 57% of dilated ureters. Surgery was performed mostly for reflux. Non‐refluxing ureteric dilatation was made worse by surgery in a few instances and in others the dilatation improved with time rather than as a result of surgery.Renal function returned to normal in over 60% of the children who were in renal failure at diagnosis. Measurement of glomerular filtration rate was the most accurate method of predicting recovery of renal function: a value of less than 50% of normal for age at the time of diagnosis forecast persistent chronic renal failure with all its attendant complications.
Treatment of Superficial (T1) Tumours of the Bladder by Radical Radiotherapy
Authors: QUILTY P. M. , DUNCAN W. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Local tumour control and survival is reported for 190 patients with T1 transitional cell cancer of the bladder who received a radical course of X‐ray therapy. There was no difference in survival by the histological grade of the cancer but patients with grade 3 cancers had the highest probability of local control. After initial complete local tumour regression there was a similar probability of subsequent distant metastases irrespective of the grade of the cancer.Radical small field beam directed radiotherapy is commended for patients with T1/pT1 grade 3 transitional cell cancer of the bladder.
A Simple Technique for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Authors: SHAFIK A. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Division of the anterior prostatic commissure and the bladder neck (but sparing the mucosa) achieves “urethral decompression”. This simple technique for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy was performed in 68 poor risk patients.The results were very satisfactory, especially in large prostates with lateral lobe enlargement. No patient required blood transfusion. Immediate and late post‐operative complications were not encountered and the hospital stay was short. The obstructive manifestations and the maximal urinary flow rate improved in 91% of patients. Failures were due to incomplete prostatic commissurotomy.
The Use of Split‐skin Mesh Graft in the Management of Urethral Strictures
Authors: LIPSKY H. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— In the last 3 years 268 patients with urethral strictures have attended this unit. We treat most strictures by urethrotomy and consider an open operation only after two recurrences or in patients whose strictures are considered unsuitable for urethrotomy. Open operations have been performed on 42 patients. Although several types of operation have been used, most comprised an end‐to‐end anastomosis or Blandy's scrotal flaps.In the last few years a split‐skin mesh graft has been used to replace the posterior urethra and the advantage of this technique is that the new urethra is soft and hairless. We present our experience with this method and our overall results.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Adenomatoid Tumours
Authors: MORRIS J. A. , OATES K. , STAFF W. G. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Four adenomatoid tumours of the epididymis were embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned and the sectioned surfaces examined by scanning electron microscopy using the secondary electron mode. The solid faces of the sectioned neoplasms were damaged by the preparative technique but the depressed luminal surfaces of the tubules were well preserved and yielded useful information. Large areas of luminal surface were examined and the presence and distribution of microvilli were noted. In addition, there was a more complex cell surface pattern of intersecting cord‐like elevations. Desquamating cells were seen within the tubules and the cytoplasmic bridges noted by light microscopy were shown to be thin cytoplasmic partitions. These findings are consistent with the mesothelial theory of histogenesis.Scanning electron microscopy can provide useful information about the internal structure of neoplasms even with simple preparative techniques.
Fecundability Rates from an Infertile Male Population
Authors: HARGREAVE T. B. , ELTON R. A. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— From a computer file of 955 couples attending hospital because of an infertile marriage, 279 were identified where the female partner had normal investigation results. Follow‐up information was available for all couples and the fecundability (conception rate per month) for the first year of follow‐up has been calculated, stratified according to the husband's investigation results. The fecundability of couples where the wife had normal investigation results but the husband had reduced sperm density ranged from 0.4% for wives with azoospermic husbands to 5.9% when the husband had at least 10 million motile sperm/ml. For any given number of motile sperm the fecundability was also strongly dependent on the duration of involuntary infertility as recorded at the time of initial clinic attendance.In view of the lack of effective treatment for most male infertility the fecundability rates reported herein are likely to represent those that would be found in an untreated population and should be useful as a base line when evaluating results of new treatments.
Assessment of Collagen Film for Use in Urinary Tract Surgery
Authors: SCOTT R. , BARAZA R. , GORHAM S. D. , McGREGOR I. , FRENCH D. A. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— This investigation assessed a biodegradable collagen membrane which can be sutured around the ureter to prevent urine leakage, thus permitting healing to proceed more rapidly while the membrane itself is resorbed.Following an early in vitro investigation in which collagen was assessed, a more comprehensive survey has now been carried out. Tissue compatibility and biodegradation were assessed by implanting the film into the lumbar muscles of rats; it was then used to cover experimental ureterotomies in New Zealand White rabbits.The data obtained from the rabbits confirmed that a collagen membrane can prevent leakage of urine from the ureter during healing while it itself is biodegraded, indicating that a collagen membrane could be used to repair the injured urinary tract.
Identification of the Poor Risk Patient with “Prostatism” and Detrusor Failure
Authors: GEORGE N. J. R. , FENELEY R. C. L. , ROBERTS J. B. M. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Twenty‐five patients with “prostatism” and chronic retention of urine have been followed up for 4 years to determine the natural history of the disorder and results of elective treatment.Twenty‐one patients with low pressure during bladder filling maintained normal upper tracts and renal function; they were subdivided by micturition pressure into two groups which differed significantly in terms of both total bladder capacity and variance of capacity. Patients with good voiding pressures had a very satisfactory outcome following surgery, with almost complete relief of symptoms, but patients with poor voiding pressures obtained a poor symptomatic and urodynamic result from repeated surgical procedures. Four patients declined operation and the subsequent course of the disorder is described.Four patients had painless retention associated with high pressure bladder filling, hydronephrosis and uraemia. Operation was successful in reversing these potentially terminal complications. None of the 25 patients developed acute retention.Men with “prostatism” do not constitute a homogeneous population. Identification of specific patient groups enables an accurate prediction of the consequences of both conservative and operative management.
Current Optimum Management of Anaplastic Germ Cell Tumours of the Testis and Other Sites
Authors: NEWLANDS E. S. , BAGSHAWE K. D. , BEGENT R. H. J. , RUSTIN G. J. S. , CRAWFORD S. M. , HOLDEN L. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Between 1977 and 1985, 149 male patients with anaplastic germ cell tumours (AGCT) completed chemotherapy with POMB/ACE (platinum, vincristine (oncovine), methotrexate, bleomycin, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and etoposide). By increasing the number of courses of POMB in 1979, we have been able to compensate for adverse prognostic factors. Since then each patient has received at least three courses of POMB and 118 patients have completed therapy. The overall survival rate since 1979 is 89% and for the 100 patients who had not received prior radiotherapy it is 92%.We established that an initial serum concentration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG > 50,000 iu/l) and/or alphafetoprotein (AFP >500 ku/l) indicated a poor prognosis. Between 1977 and 1979 the survival rate in 12 patients in this category was only 45%. After increasing the number of courses of POMB, the survival rate rose to 89% in 31 patients. However, patients who had received prior radiotherapy and who presented with high tumour markers (HCG > 50,000 iu/l and/or AFP > 500 ku/l) continue to have a poor survival rate (20% in five patients).With this chemotherapy, 14 of 16 patients (88%) presenting with liver metastases and 6 of 7 patients (86%) presenting with brain metastases are in complete remission. Neither the stage at presentation nor the volume of metastatic disease was a major adverse prognostic variable. We believe that POMB/ACE chemotherapy, followed by surgery in selected cases, is currently the best treatment for patients with AGCT.
Post‐treatment Fertility in Patients with Testicular Cancer
Authors: FOSSÅ SOPHIE D. , ÅBYHOLM T. , NORMANN N. , JETNE V. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Sperm analysis and serum hormone measurements (LH, FSH, testosterone) were performed in 29 patients after orchiectomy for seminoma before and after irradiation. Before radiotherapy 14 of 20 orchiectomised patients were azoospermic or had impaired spermatogenesis. A minimum sperm count was found 1 year after radiotherapy with gradual improvement up to 2 years. The recovery of sperm cell production was impaired most in patients with pre‐treatment sperm counts <3 million/ml.Serum testosterone remained at low normal levels throughout the observation period. The mean serum FSH was increased 1 year after radiotherapy but returned to normal in 50% of patients within 3 years after treatment. This post‐treatment increase in FSH was significantly correlated with increased pre‐treatment FSH but not with the gonadal dose, which was 1 to 3% of the target dose.Severe disturbances in spermatogenesis, observed 2 to 3 years after radiotherapy for early seminoma, are likely to be the expression of a highly impaired pre‐treatment sperm cell production and only to a lesser degree dependent on the irradiation of the remaining testicle.
Orchiectomy and Delayed Radiotherapy as Treatment for Prostatic Carcinoma. A 10‐year survey
Authors: MEFFAN P. M. , NACEY J. N. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— One hundred and fifty patients with carcinoma of the prostate treated between 1967 and 1982 have been reviewed. Thirty‐three patients were treated with stilboestrol alone, 36 by orchiectomy alone and in 81 cases radical radiotherapy was given to the prostate (and in 10 of the 81 cases to the regional and para‐aortic lymph nodes) 5 or 6 months after orchiectomy.Although there was no significant difference between the results of those treated by stilboestrol alone and those treated by orchiectomy alone, in those patients receiving orchiectomy and delayed radiotherapy there was a significant improvement in survival. If patients with Stage D disease are excluded, this is a highly significant difference and indeed the survival in these patients does not differ significantly from the expected survival at this age. The 5‐year survival rate of Stage D patients treated by this method was 35%.
The Accuracy and Limitations of Ultrasound in the Assessment of Venous Extension in Renal Carcinoma
Authors: WEBB JUDITH A. W. , MURRAY A. , BARY P. R. , HENDRY W. F. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Ultrasound was used to assess venous extension in 28 patients with renal carcinoma, with particular reference to involvement of the inferior vena cava. The findings were correlated with surgical findings in all except two patients who had gross caval involvement and metastatic disease and in whom surgery was considered inappropriate.In 10 of the 28 patients (36%), a diagnostic ultrasound examination of the cava from the renal veins to the diaphragm was obtained. In four of these, ultrasound showed tumour involvement of the vena cava. In 12 cases (43%) only the intrahepatic part of the cava was seen, but the examination nonetheless excluded tumour involvement of the upper cava. Visualisation of the vena cava was impossible in six cases (21%), usually because of bowel gas or obesity; CT scanning provided valuable additional information in two of these cases. Inferior vena cavography confirmed the findings of the less invasive imaging procedures in 10 patients and was falsely positive once. Cavography is now seldom necessary in the assessment of renal carcinoma.
Urine Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Painful Bladder Disease
Authors: LOSE G. , FRANDSEN B. , HOLM‐BENTZEN M. , LARSEN S. , JACOBSEN F. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Urine eosinophil cationic protein (U‐ECP), blood eosinophils and eosinophils in bladder biopsy specimens were studied in 30 patients with painful bladder disease (15 with detrusor mastocytosis, i.e. interstitial cystitis (IC) ≥28 mast cells/mm2 in the detrusor muscle) and 15 patients without detrusor mastocytosis).In patients with IC the median concentration of U‐ECP was 140 arbitrary u/l versus 14 arb. u/l in the remaining patients (P<0.001). The mean peripheral leukocyte count was significantly lower in the IC group (P<0.05). Tissue infiltration with eosinophils was found in 43% of the bladder biopsies from patients with IC compared with 4% of the biopsies in the remaining patients (P<0.05). A negative correlation between peripheral eosinophils and U‐ECP was found in the patients with IC (r = 0.52, P<0.05).These results suggest that eosinophils are attracted to the inflammatory site in the bladder wall where ECP is released. Eosinophils thus seem to participate actively in the inflammatory process.U‐ECP seems to provide valuable diagnostic information when diagnosing IC in patients with painful bladder disease. It is suggested that ECP might be involved in the process of tissue destruction in IC.
Tumour Markers in Prostatic Carcinoma. A Comparison of Prostate‐specific Antigen with Acid Phosphatase
Authors: FERRO M. A. , BARNES I. , ROBERTS J. B. M. , SMITH P. J. B. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— A study was performed on 130 men to compare the level of serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in controls, patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and patients with prostatic carcinoma. The results showed that all 30 normal controls below 40 years of age had values less than 10 ng/ml. Of the 40 patients with BPH, all aged over 40 years, 13 (32.5%) had raised levels above 10 ng/ml. In the 60 patients with prostatic carcinoma, all over 40 years, 24 had localised disease (M0) and 36 had metastatic spread (M1), as judged by isotope bone scan. In patients with M0 disease, 16 (66.6%) had raised PSA levels compared with 34 (94.5%) of those with M1 disease. The corresponding figures for raised prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) values were 4% in the M0 group and 52.7% in the M1 group.PSA levels reflected neither the histological grade nor the local stage of the tumour and were of no value in estimating tumour burden.PSA was found to be a valuable index in the management of prostatic cancer because of this sensitivity. Stable disease not requiring hormonal manipulation was reflected by unchanging levels of PSA, whereas progressive disease requiring hormonal therapy was reflected by an alteration in the PSA levels corresponding to the patients' response. The same group of progressive disease patients showed only a 50% rise in serum PAP levels, confirming the greater sensitivity of PSA as a measure of prostate cancer. PSA measurements should be included in any further trials on prostatic carcinoma and should be regarded as a standard marker for evaluating response to therapy.