bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of scabies with 5% permethrin cream: results of a German multicenter study
Authors: Hamm Henning , Beiteke Ulrike , Höger Peter H. , Seitz Cornelia S. , Thaci Diamant , Sunderkötter Cord 
Published: May 2006

Summary Background: Until recently, no prescription drug containing permethrin for the therapy of scabies was available on the German market.Therefore, a 5% permethrin cream formulation (InfectoScab® 5%) was tested in a single‐arm multi‐center study including adults and children from 3 months of age with proven scabies. Patients and Methods: On day 0, patients were treated once with permethrin cream in the study center. Control examinations including dermatoscopy were performed on day 14±2 and on day 28±3. Patients who were not considered cured or who had contact to individuals with untreated scabies received one further treatment with permethrin cream on day 14±2. Itching and local tolerability of the cream were documented in patients' diaries. Side effects were assessed by history, skin inspection and evaluation of patients' notes. Results: 106 patients in 13 centers were enrolled in the study. Their mean age was 29.2 years (range, 141 days to 71.9 years); 34% of them were children or adolescents. 78.3% of patients were either severely (3 body sites) or very severely (4–5 sites) affected. The cure rate on day 28±3 was 95.1% (95% confidence interval, 91.0–99.3%). Pruritus declined markedly and continuously. In general, the cream was well tolerated; side effects were almost invariably mild. Conclusions: Our results support the efficacy and safety of 5% permethrin cream in adults, children and infants suffering from scabies. These results have contributed to the approval of InfectoScab® 5% in Germany for the treatment of scabies in October 2004.
Intracavernous Injections of Prostaglandin E1 for Erectile Dysfunction: Patient Satisfaction and Quality of Sex Life on Long-Term Treatment
Authors: Alexandre Benjamin , Lemaire Antoine , Desvaux Pierre , Amar Edouard 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Since the availability of oral type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), patients’ views on the use of intracavernous injections (ICI) of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) may have changed.

Aim
To assess the satisfaction of patients with long-term ICI.

Methods
Patients with ED (&gt;18 years old) who had used ICI of PGE1 for at least 3 months were asked to complete the “EASY” (Evaluation de l’Acceptation des injectionS dans la dYsfonction érectile) questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measures
Overall patient satisfaction with ICI, impact on quality of life, ease of use, satisfaction with the quality of erections, and perceived partner satisfaction.

Results
Overall, 596 questionnaires met our inclusion criteria. Mean patient age was 62.1 years, mean duration of ED was 61 months, and mean duration of ICI treatment was 35 months. Before using ICI, 43% of patients had taken at least one PDE5 inhibitor; 81% discontinued PDE5 for want of efficacy. The overall satisfaction rate with ICI was 78.3%. ICI met expectations each time in 78.6% of patients and at least half the time in 90% of patients; 86% were ready to recommend ICI to friends. Patients noted improvements in their sex life (70.1%), relationship with their partner (50%), quality of life (44.8%), and confidence in attempting sexual intercourse (80.3%). The mean number of injections was 4.4 per month. Most patients (81.1%) found the injections easy to use. The mean score for pain on injection was 2.09/10 and for pain on erection was 2.15/10. Three-quarters of patients (73.1%) thought that their partners were satisfied with ICI.

Conclusion
Patients on long-term ICI/PGE1 can recover a very satisfying sex life. ICI met patients’ expectations in terms of efficacy, ease of use, tolerance, and improved sex life. These results should encourage physicians and patients to use ICI when PDE5 fails, is not well tolerated, or is contraindicated.
Upsizing of Inflatable Penile Implant Cylinders in Patients with Corporal Fibrosis
Authors: Wilson Steven K. , Delk John R. , Mulcahy John J. , Cleves Mario , Salem Emad A. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Placement of an inflatable penile prosthesis in a patient with scarred corporal bodies secondary to priapism or removal of a previously infected implant is a formidable surgical challenge; use of downsized implants has improved chances of successful reimplantation. Nevertheless, patients are frequently dissatisfied with the resulting short penises.

Aim
This study investigates the use of downsized inflatable penile prosthesis cylinders as tissue expanders in patients with corporal fibrosis.

Main Outcomes Measures
Corporal length and width were calibrated before implantation of downsized prostheses and after 1 year of their use as tissue expanders.

Methods
Thirty-seven patients had insertion of Mentor Narrow Base (18), AMS CXM (9), or AMS CXR (10) into scarred corporal bodies. Etiology was previously infected and removed implant (29) or priapism (8). In each of these cases it was not possible to dilate to 12 mm in order to place standard-sized cylinders. Patients were encouraged to inflate their implant for up to 3 hours daily. After several months intracorporal stretching occurred. The patients were reoperated; corporal length and width were recalibrated.

Results
Upon reoperation, it was possible to pass dilators of 12 mm width proximally allowing the substitution of standard-sized AMS 700 CX (23), Mentor Alpha 1 (10), or Mentor Titan (2). Additionally, corporal length measurements in the previously infected patients increased an average of 2.2 cm allowing placement of longer cylinders. Although priapism patients did not show this phenomenon of corporal lengthening, the implant space widened enough to permit replacement with standard-size cylinders improving girth, rigidity, and appearance.

Conclusions
Wider and sometimes longer cylinders can be substituted in patients with corporal fibrosis that required implantation with downsized cylinders because of fibrotic corpora. Prolonged inflation over an 8- to 12-month period results in expansion of the cylinder cavity, permitting standard-sized cylinders in all patients.
Effective case presentations—An important clinical skill for nurse practitioners
Authors: Coralli Connie H. 
Published: May 2006

Comment from the EditorOver the years we have had numerous requests to reprint this article which first appeared in 1989, volume 1, issue 2. The author, Connie Coralli, is no longer working in nursing, but she was happy to grant permission for us to reprint this timeless piece.AbstractEffective case presentations are an important component of the nurse practitioner’s skills, yet very little literature exists to guide the development of this skill, and frequently little priority is given to teaching this skill during the education of the nurse practitioner. This report discusses the importance of effective case presentations, describes the organization of the presentation, and outlines the appropriate information to be included. The main components of a case presentation—introduction, history of the present illness, physical examination, diagnostic studies, differential diagnosis, management, and summary of the case—are discussed in detail. Examples of a formal and an informal case presentation are presented and used to illustrate key points in the text.
Signaling Interactions between the Aerotaxis Transducer Aer and Heterologous Chemoreceptors in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Gosink Khoosheh K. , del Carmen Burón-Barral Maria , Parkinson John S. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Aer, a low-abundance signal transducer in
Escherichia coli
, mediates robust aerotactic behavior, possibly through interactions with methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP). We obtained evidence for interactions between Aer and the high-abundance aspartate (Tar) and serine (Tsr) receptors. Aer molecules bearing a cysteine reporter diagnostic for trimer-of-dimer formation yielded cross-linking products upon treatment with a trifunctional maleimide reagent. Aer also formed mixed cross-linking products with a similarly marked Tar reporter. An Aer trimer contact mutation known to abolish trimer formation by MCPs eliminated Aer trimer and mixed trimer formation. Trimer contact alterations known to cause epistatic behavior in MCPs also produced epistatic properties in Aer. Amino acid replacements in the Tar trimer contact region suppressed an epistatic Aer signaling defect, consistent with compensatory conformational changes between directly interacting proteins. In cells lacking MCPs, Aer function required high-level expression, comparable to the aggregate number of receptors in a wild-type cell. Aer proteins with clockwise (CW)-biased signal output cannot function under these conditions but do so in the presence of MCPs, presumably through formation of mixed signaling teams. The Tar signaling domain was sufficient for functional rescue. Moreover, CW-biased lesions did not impair aerotactic signaling in a hybrid Aer-Tar transducer capable of adjusting its steady-state signal output via methylation-dependent sensory adaptation. Thus, MCPs most likely assist mutant Aer proteins to signal productively by forming collaborative signaling teams. Aer evidently evolved to operate collaboratively with high-abundance receptors but can also function without MCP assistance, provided that it can establish a suitable prestimulus swimming pattern.
Increased Persistence in
Escherichia coli
Caused by Controlled Expression of Toxins or Other Unrelated Proteins
Authors: Vázquez-Laslop Nora , Lee Hyunwoo , Neyfakh Alexander A. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Bacterial populations contain persisters, cells which survive exposure to bactericidal antibiotics and other lethal factors. Persisters do not have a genetic resistance mechanism, and their means to tolerate killing remain unknown. In exponentially growing populations of
Escherichia coli
the frequency of persister formation usually is 10
−7
to 10
−5
. It has been shown that cells overexpressing either of the toxic proteins HipA and RelE, both members of the bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules, have the ability to form more persisters, suggesting a specific role for these toxins in the mechanism of persistence. However, here we show that cells expressing proteins that are unrelated to TA modules but which become toxic when ectopically expressed, chaperone DnaJ and protein PmrC of
Salmonella enterica
, also form 100- to 1,000-fold more persisters. Thus, persistence is linked not only to toxicity caused by expression of HipA or dedicated toxins but also to expression of other unrelated proteins.
Transcriptome and Phenotypic Responses of
Vibrio cholerae
to Increased Cyclic di-GMP Level
Authors: Beyhan Sinem , Tischler Anna D. , Camilli Andrew , Yildiz Fitnat H. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Vibrio cholerae
, the causative agent of cholera, is a facultative human pathogen with intestinal and aquatic life cycles. The capacity of
V. cholerae
to recognize and respond to fluctuating parameters in its environment is critical to its survival. In many microorganisms, the second messenger, 3′,5′-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP), is believed to be important for integrating environmental stimuli that affect cell physiology. Sequence analysis of the
V. cholerae
genome has revealed an abundance of genes encoding proteins with either GGDEF domains, EAL domains, or both, which are predicted to modulate cellular c-di-GMP concentrations. To elucidate the cellular processes controlled by c-di-GMP, whole-genome transcriptome responses of the El Tor and classical
V. cholerae
biotypes to increased c-di-GMP concentrations were determined. The results suggest that
V. cholerae
responds to an elevated level of c-di-GMP by increasing the transcription of the
vps
,
eps
, and
msh
genes and decreasing that of flagellar genes. The functions of other c-di-GMP-regulated genes in
V. cholerae
are yet to be identified.
The Ornibactin Biosynthesis and Transport Genes of
Burkholderia cenocepacia
Are Regulated by an Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factor Which Is a Part of the Fur Regulon
Authors: Agnoli Kirsty , Lowe Carolyn A. , Farmer Kate L. , Husnain Seyyed I. , Thomas Mark S. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia cenocepacia
mutants that fail to produce the siderophore ornibactin were obtained following mutagenesis with mini-Tn
5
Tp. These mutants were shown to be growth restricted under conditions of iron depletion. In eight of the mutants, the transposon had integrated into one of two genes,
orbI
and
orbJ
, encoding nonribosomal peptide synthetases. In the other mutant, the transposon had inserted into an open reading frame,
orbS
, located upstream from
orbI
. The polypeptide product of
orbS
exhibits a high degree of similarity to the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor PvdS but possesses an N-terminal extension of approximately 29 amino acids that is not present in PvdS. Three predicted OrbS-dependent promoters were identified within the ornibactin gene cluster, based on their similarity to PvdS-dependent promoters. The iron-regulated activity of these promoters was shown to require OrbS. Transcription of the
orbS
gene was found to be under the control of an iron-regulated σ
70
-dependent promoter. This promoter, but not the OrbS-dependent promoters, was shown to be a target for repression by the global regulator Fur. Our results demonstrate that production of ornibactin by
B. cenocepacia
in response to iron starvation requires transcription of an operon that is dependent on the Fur-regulated ECF σ factor gene
orbS
. A mechanism is also proposed for the biosynthesis of ornibactin.
Evidence that
Clostridium difficile
TcdC Is a Membrane-Associated Protein
Authors: Govind Revathi , Vediyappan Govindsamy , Rolfe Rial D. , Fralick Joe A. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Clostridium difficile
produces two toxins, A and B, which act together to cause pseudomembraneous colitis. The genes encoding these toxins,
tcdA
and
tcdB
, are part of the pathogenicity locus, which also includes
tcdC
, a putative negative regulator of the toxin genes. In this study, we demonstrate that TcdC is a membrane-associated protein in
C. difficile
.
Helicobacter pylori
Initiates the Stringent Response upon Nutrient and pH Downshift
Authors: Wells Derek H. , Gaynor Erin C. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori
was previously reported to lack a stringent response. In contrast, we show that after nutrient downshift,
H. pylori
produced abundant ppGpp and less total RNA. pH downshift also caused (p)ppGpp accumulation. Our observations indicate that nutrient deprivation and acid shock activate the stringent response in
H. pylori
.
Hydrogen abstraction by methyl radicals from benzene and the pressure dependence of the recombination of methyl radicals
Authors: Krech M. , Price S. J. W. 
Published: May 2006

With dimethyl mercury and dimethyl cadmium as sources of methyl radicals, values of k1/k21/2 for the reactions [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]have been calculated from 471 to 527 °C over the pressure range 0.3 to 16.2 cm. Extrapolation to the effective infinite pressure region, where it is assumed that E2 = 0, gives E1 = 9.3 kcal mole−1, log A1 = 10.8 (cc mole−1 s−1).
Kinetics and mechanism of bromination of styrenes
Authors: Yates Keith , Wright W. V. 
Published: May 2006

The kinetics of bromination of six substituted styrènes (3-fluoro-, 3-chloro-, 3-bromo-, 3,4-dichloro-, 3-nitro-, and 4-nitro-) in anhydrous acetic acid have been investigated at several temperatures. At 25.3 °C the reactions follow the rate expression [Formula: see text]The rate constants for the second order process show a good linear free energy relationship of the log k versus σ type with ρ = − 2.24. (The value obtained at 35.3 °C is − 1.93.) No simple rate-substituent dependence is obtained for the more complex third order process. Activation parameters have been obtained for the second order brominations, the ΔS≠ values being large and negative. Bromination of styrene in the presence of a large excess of acetate or nitrate gives only two products in each case, the α,β-dibromide and the α –acetoxy β-bromide or α -nitrato- β -bromide respectively.The magnitude of the reaction constant ρ, the values of ΔS≠, and the reaction products all support a mechanism involving a highly unsymmetrical bromonium ion intermediate.
Thermodynamic properties of dense fluid mixtures
Authors: Orentlicher M. , Prausnitz J. M. 
Published: May 2006

By using the properties of hard-sphere systems as a point of departure, equations are derived for the residual properties of mixtures of real simple fluids at liquid-like densities. The essence of the derivation lies in a functional expansion of g(r) exp [Formula: see text] about its hard-sphere value. The results obtained are useful for interpreting, correlating, and extending experimental data for both concentrated and dilute liquid solutions.
Coordination compounds of 1,3-butadiene with anhydrous silver tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Quinn H. W. 
Published: May 2006

Two crystalline complexes of 1,3-butadiene with anhydrous silver tetrafluoroborate have been isolated and shown to have the stoichiometry [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. On the basis of their infrared spectra, it has been suggested that in the solid state the 1:1 complex is polymeric in nature with alternating butadiene molecules and AgBF4 units in the chain and that the 2:3 complex is formed by bridging of butadiene molecules between silver ions in adjacent chains.
Functional-group and substituent effects, both steric and electronic, upon the ultraviolet absorption spectra of some conjugated heteroenoid compounds
Authors: Currie D. J. , Lough C. E. , Silver R. F. , Holmes H. L. 
Published: May 2006

The positions of the long-wavelength maxima in the spectra of some 300 compounds of generalized formula I may be accommodated by assuming that the observed maximum is equal to that of styrene + Δλ (the conjugative effect of A) + Δλ′ (the inductive effect of B) + ΣΔλ″ (the sum of the steric effects of the A, B, and phenyl groups) + D (an empirical parameter related to X and Y). These arguments have been extended to the spectra of II. Δλ′ is related to the σ value for meta-substituted benzene derivatives or to σ*. D for meta- and [Formula: see text]para-substituted derivatives roughly correlates with the appropriate σ+ values, whereas D for ortho-substituted derivatives is related to a simple function involving the D value for para substitution and the steric substituent constant, ES. For compounds of generalized formula III, the electronic effects of the A and B groups cancel but the steric effects are additive.Multiple bands occur in the long-wavelength region of the spectra for compounds containing halogen, alkoxy, or amino groups. These groups are highly polarizable and are considered to function both as electron donors and electron sinks.
Radiolysis of methylcyclohexane. IV. Effects of carbon tetrachloride and nitrous oxide in the vapor phase
Authors: Holtslander W. J. , Freeman G. R. 
Published: May 2006

There is a radiation-induced chain reaction in methylcyclohexane (MCH) – CCl4mixtures in the vapor phase at 110° and 380 Torr. The chain-propagation products are chloroform and methylcyclohexylchloride (Gmax ≈ 40) and the chain-termination products are mainly methylcyclohexene (MC), bimethylcyclohexyl (C14), and hexachloroethane, depending on the composition of the mixture. At CCl4concentrations < 1 mole%, HCl is formed mainly by reaction of Cl−with positive ions, e.g. Cl− + C7H14+ → HCl + C7H13. The value of the ratio G(MC)/G(C14) is 8 ± 1 in pure MCH and in the mixtures up to 44 mole% CCl4.There is a radiation-induced chain reaction in MCH–N2O mixtures in the vapor phase. At 110° and 380 Torr, G(N2) = 22, G(MC) = 16, and G(C14) = 1.6, independent of N2O concentration between 2 and 10 mole%. The G-values are independent of MCH pressure between 50 and 520 Torr. Product formation is inhibited by the addition of SF6or DI. The half-life of the ion N2O−with respect to decomposition to N2 + O−is 10−4–10−3s under these conditions. It is suggested that the mechanism contains the reactions[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Reaction [24] is slightly exothermic. Reaction [25] is exothermic if the electron affinity of N2O is greater than that of C7H13.
Electrochemical reactions at PbO2 electrodes. Part II. The exchange reaction at β-PbO2 electrodes
Authors: Hampson N. A. , Jones P. C. , Phillips R. F. 
Published: May 2006

The results of short time galvanostatic polarization experiments are described in which the maximum potential excursion is limited to ± 10 mV about the equilibrium potential.Exchange currents have been evaluated both geometrically and iteratively. The charge transfer reaction [Formula: see text]is slow. The dependence of the exchange current on the concentration of Pb(II) is consistent with a charge transfer coefficient of 0.2 in agreement with the arithmetical analysis of current–potential data.There is evidence for an adsorbed layer of hydrogen ion at the electrode.
Intramolecular hydrogen bonds and the orientation of amino groupsin o-phenylenediamines
Authors: Krueger P. J. 
Published: May 2006

The infrared absorption spectra of partially deuterated o-phenylenediamine and 4,5-di-methyl-, 4-methyl-, and 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine in dilute CCl4 solution show double intramolecular [Formula: see text] hydrogen bonds in which the two NHD groups are equivalent and each group acts as both a proton donor and a proton acceptor. The ring substituent effect on this interaction in these compounds is small. In 4-methoxy-o-phenylenediamine, the amino groups are not equivalent, but double intramolecular hydrogen bonds are still present. In 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, only one intramolecular [Formula: see text] hydrogen bond appears to exist. The effect of N-substitution on some of these observations is discussed.
Kinetics of formation of sodium chlorozirconate
Authors: Dutrizac J. D. , Flengas S. N. 
Published: May 2006

The kinetics of formation of sodium hexachlorozirconate from sodium chloride single crystals and zirconium tetrachloride vapor at about 600 Torr have been investigated by the weight-gain method. Analysis of the results showed the formation reaction to be diffusion controlled, with zirconium tetrachloride being the most probable diffusing species. The apparent energy of activation has been determined for this reaction from the variation of the rate constant with temperature, and it was found to be 12.3 ± 3 kcal/mole. The Arrhenius rate equation for the formation of Na2ZrCl6 from NaCl and ZrCl4 at 600 Torr pressure, in the temperature range 400 to 500 °C, is [Formula: see text]where the units of the parabolic rate constant, K, are (g(Na2ZrCl6))2 cm−4 h−1.
Behavior of carboxylic acids and carboxylic anhydrides in sulfuric acid
Authors: Robinson E. A. , Quadri S. A. A. 
Published: May 2006

The behavior of some carboxylic acids and anhydrides in sulfuric acid has been investigated by cryoscopic and conductimetric measurements in 100% H2SO4, cryoscopic measurements in aqueous H2SO4, and conductimetric titrations in dilute oleum.The previously established behavior of acetic anhydride in dehydrating sulfuric acid, [Formula: see text]is confirmed, and glutaric anhydride is shown to behave similarly.For succinic acid the second stage of protonation is incomplete, whereas glutaric and adipic acids are fully diprotonated. Fumaric acid is less protonated in the second stage than is succinic acid.For succinic acid, maleic acid, and phthalic acid the equilibrium [Formula: see text]is important. For succinic acid and its anhydride the equilibrium favors substantial formation of carboxylic-acidium ion even in dilute oleum, whereas for maleic and phthalic acids and their anhydrides formation of the anhydrides is favored in 100% H2SO4 and dilute oleum.Maleic anhydride molecules behave essentially as nonelectrolytes in sulfuric acid; phthalic acid is a very weak base; and naphthalene 1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride is a strong base.