bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Montaigne on Property, Public Service, and Political Servitude
Authors: Jordan Constance 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMontaigne's claim to be free from obligations to individual persons or the state in general is based on a corresponding assertion of self ownership. He claims a property in himself which includes the right to determine the nature of his employment. His stated preference is to limit any counterclaims upon his propriety, to invest his time and abilities exclusively in himself. Despite this preference, however, he describes his own career in public service and its terms. He agrees that the property he has in himself can be leased to the use of his prince, but he insists that this use not offend his judgment or preempt his will. He distinguishes his service from political servitude, which entails a forfeiting of the powers of judgment and will. His language describing how and for whom he works borrows terms from the market denoting ownership, possession, debt, obligation, and benefit.
Robust estimation and design procedures for the random effects model
Authors: Zhou Julie , Zhu Hongtu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe authors discuss two robust estimators for estimating variance components in the random effects model, and they obtain finite‐sample breakdown points for the estimators. Based on the finite‐sample breakdown point, they propose a criterion for selecting robust designs. With robust designs, one can get efficient and reliable estimates for variance components regardless of outliers which may happen in the experiment. The authors give examples to show the performance of robust estimators and to compare robust designs with optimal designs based on the traditional analysis of variance estimation method.
Biased sampling with right censoring: A note on sun, Cui & Tiwari (2002)
Authors: Asgharian Masoud 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSun, Cui & Tiwari (2002) studied the asymptotic behaviour of certain goodness‐of‐fit tests in the presence of biased sampling and right censoring. The author illustrates that unfortunately, an assumption made by Sun, Cui and Tiwari on the independence between failure and censoring time fails to hold in many important applications, which limits the applicability of their results.
Comments on the Mainland Origins of the Preceramic Cultures of the Greater Antilles
Authors: Callaghan Richard T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComputer simulations are used to shed light on the probable origins of the earliest Preceramic cultures of the Greater Antilles and to understand the navigation skills necessary for island colonization. These cultures, dating to between ca. 4000 B.C. and 2000 B.C., are found on Cuba, Hispaniola, and possibly Puerto Rico. Two areas, northern South America and northern Central America, have assemblages that bear resemblance to the assemblages of the Greater Antilles, but there are important differences. Chance discovery of the Greater Antilles is possible from three areas: northern South America, northern Central America, and southern Florida. Directed voyages have a high degree of success from all three areas. However, voyages from northern South America require the least navigational skill, making it the most likely source of colonization. From northern Central America, foreknowledge of the islands appears to be required, while directed voyages from southern Florida encounter considerable risk.
Effect of exercise on serum concentration of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in Thoroughbreds
Authors: Helal Ibrahim E. , Misumi Kazuhiro , Tateno Oki , Kodama Takeshi , Ishimaru Mutsuki , Yamamoto Junya , Miyakoshi Daiske , Fujiki Makoto 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate changes in serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) concentrations in response to exercise in horses.
Animals—15 horses in experiment 1 and 27 horses in experiment 2.
Procedures—In experiment 1, 15 Thoroughbreds free of orthopedic disease underwent a standardized exercise protocol. Running velocity and heart rate (HR) were recorded, and blood samples were collected immediately before (baseline) and 1, 5, and 24 hours after a single episode of exercise. In experiment 2, 27 horses underwent 9 stages of a training program in which each stage consisted of 4 to 8 consecutive daily workouts followed by a rest day. Blood samples were collected immediately before the first and final daily workouts in each stage. Serum COMP concentrations were measured via inhibition ELISA with a monoclonal antibody (14G4) against equine COMP.
Results—In experiment 1, mean serum COMP concentration was significantly higher than baseline 1 and 5 hours after exercise and returned to baseline concentrations 24 hours after exercise. Mean serum baseline COMP concentration increased as the velocity of running at maximum HR and at an HR of 200 beats/min increased, being significantly higher during the third and fourth exercise tests than during the first. In experiment 2, mean baseline COMP concentration at the final workout of each stage was significantly higher than that at the first workout, beginning with stage 3.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Serum COMP concentrations changed significantly in response to exercise. Exercise may enhance movement of COMP into the circulation as well as change the basal turnover rate of COMP.
Comparison of noninvasive cardiac output measured by use of partial carbon dioxide rebreathing or the lithium dilution method in anesthetized foals
Authors: Valverde Alexander , Giguère Steeve , Morey Timothy E. , Sanchez L. Chris , Shih Andre 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Objective—To compare cardiac output (CO) measured by use of the partial carbon dioxide rebreathing method (NICO) or lithium dilution method (LiDCO) in anesthetized foals.
Sample Population—Data reported in 2 other studies for 18 neonatal foals that weighed 32 to 61 kg.
Procedures—Foals were anesthetized and instrumented to measure direct blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, end-tidal isoflurane and carbon dioxide concentrations, and CO. Various COs were achieved by administration of dobutamine, norepinephrine, vasopressin, phenylephrine, and isoflurane to allow comparisons between LiDCO and NICO methods. Measurements were obtained in duplicate or triplicate. We allowed 2 minutes between measurements for LiDCO and 3 minutes for NICO after achieving a stable hemodynamic plane for at least 10 to 15 minutes at each CO.
Results—217 comparisons were made. Correlation (r = 0.77) was good between the 2 methods for all determinations. Mean ± SD measurements of cardiac index for all comparisons with the LiDCO and NICO methods were 138 ± 62 mL/kg/min (range, 40 to 381 mL/kg/min) and 154 ± 55 mL/kg/min (range, 54 to 358 mL/kg/min), respectively. Mean difference (bias) between LiDCO and NICO measurements was −17.3 mL/kg/min with a precision (1.96 × SD) of 114 mL/kg/min (range, −131.3 to 96.7). Mean of the differences of LiDCO and NICO measurements was 4.37 + (0.87 × NICO value).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The NICO method is a viable, noninvasive method for determination of CO in neonatal foals with normal respiratory function. It compares well with the more invasive LiDCO method.
Cardiac evaluation of anesthetized Grevy's zebras (Equus grevyi)
Authors: Adin Darcy B. , Maisenbacher Herbert W. , Ojeda Nyurka , Fiorello Christine V. , Estrada Amara H. , Prosek Robert , Citino Scott B. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine ECG and echocardiographic measurements in healthy anesthetized Grevy's zebras (Equus grevyi).
Animals—20 healthy zebras.
Procedures—Auscultation, base-apex ECG, and echocardiography were performed on anesthetized zebras.
Results—Low-grade systolic murmurs were detected in the left basilar region in 4 of 20 zebras. Evaluation of ECGs from 19 zebras revealed sinus rhythm with a predominantly negative QRS complex and a mean ± SD heart rate of 67 ± 10 beats/min. Echocardiograms of sufficient image quality were obtained for 16 zebras. Interventricular septal thickness in diastole, left ventricular chamber in diastole and systole, left atrial diameter, and left ventricular mass were significantly and moderately correlated with estimated body weight (r values ranged from 0.650 to 0.884). Detectable swirling of blood in the right and sometimes the left ventricles was detected in 9 of 16 zebras, whereas physiologic regurgitation of blood was detected for the aortic valve in 3 zebras, pulmonary valve in 2 zebras, mitral valve in 2 zebras, and tricuspid valve in 1 zebra.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study provide reference information for use in the cardiac evaluation of anesthetized Grevy's zebras.
Evaluation of a combination of sodium hypochlorite and polyhexamethylene biguanide as an egg wash for red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) to suppress or eliminate Salmonella organisms on egg surfaces and in hatchlings
Authors: Mitchell Mark A. , Adamson Trinka W. , Singleton Charles B. , Roundtree Marlana K. , Bauer Rudy W. , Acierno Mark J. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate a combination of 2 nonantibiotic microbicide compounds, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), as a treatment to suppress or eliminate Salmonella spp from red-eared slider (RES) turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) eggs and hatchlings.
Sample Population—2,738 eggs from 8 turtle farms in Louisiana.
Procedures—Eggs were randomly sorted into 3 or, when sufficient eggs were available, 4 treatment groups as follows: control, pressure-differential egg treatment with NaOCl and gentamicin, NaOCl and PHMB bath treatment, and pressure-differential egg treatment with NaOCl and PHMB. Bacterial cultures were performed from specimens of eggs and hatchlings and evaluated for Salmonella spp.
Results—RES turtle eggs treated with NaOCl and PHMB as a bath (odds ratio [OR], 0.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1 to 0.3]) or as a pressure-differential dip (OR, 0.01 [95% CI, 0.001 to 0.07]) or with gentamicin as a pressure-differential dip (OR, 0.1 [95% CI, 0.06 to 0.2]) were significantly less likely to have Salmonella-positive culture results than control-group eggs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Concern over reptile-associated salmonellosis in children in the United States is so great that federal regulations prohibit the sale of turtles that are < 10.2 cm in length. Currently, turtle farms treat eggs with gentamicin solution. Although this has reduced Salmonella shedding, it has also resulted in antimicrobial resistance. Results of our study indicate that a combination of NaOCl and PHMB may be used to suppress or eliminate Salmonella spp on RES turtle eggs and in hatchlings.
In vivo evaluation of α2-adrenoceptors in cats with idiopathic cystitis
Authors: Westropp Jodi L. , Kass Philip H. , Buffington C. A. Tony 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the in vivo response of α2-adrenoceptors to medetomidine administration in cats with feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) during periods of stress and after environmental enrichment.
Animals—13 cats with FIC and 12 healthy cats.
Procedures—Cats were subjected to an acute-onset moderate stressor for 8 days. After stress, 20 μg of medetomidine/kg was administered IM on days 1, 3, and 8. Heart rate, blood pressure, pupil diameter, respiratory rate, and level of sedation were evaluated before and after administration of the drug. After day 8, cats were moved to an enriched environment, and tests were repeated on day 35.
Results—Heart rate decreased and pupil diameter increased significantly after medetomidine administration in healthy cats, compared with cats with FIC. Cats with FIC had significantly lower respiratory rates. No significant differences in blood pressure or sedation level were found.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increased plasma catecholamine concentrations during the enrichment phase, which have been reported elsewhere, may have contributed to the differences in α2-adrenoceptor responses detected in cats with FIC.
Human-directed aggression in miniature pet pigs
Authors: Tynes Valarie V. , Hart Benjamin L. , Bain Melissa J. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Objectives—To determine whether associations exist between human-directed aggression and sex, neutering status, age of weaning, the presence of other pet pigs, or the presence of environmental enrichment objects in miniature pet pigs.
Design—Internet survey.
Study Population—Responses from 222 owners of miniature pet pigs.
Procedures—Pet pig owners were requested to complete a 48-item multiple-choice and short-answer Internet survey for each pig that they presently owned.
Results—Among 222 surveys that met enrollment criteria, human-directed aggression that occurred on at least 1 occasion was reported in 64% (n = 142) and aggression that occurred once or more per month was reported in 31% (69). No significant differences were found in the prevalence of human-directed aggression among castrated males, sexually intact females, and spayed females. Ages of weaning and neutering and the presence of objects intended to serve as environmental enrichment were not associated with frequency of aggression. A significant inverse association was detected between presence of other pigs in the same household and human-directed aggression, such that 21% (20/95) of pigs that lived with at least 1 conspecific were aggressive on a frequent basis, compared with 39% (49/126) of pigs that lived with no conspecific. A similar inverse association was evident regarding aggression that occurred on at least 1 occasion.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that human-directed aggression is a common problem in miniature pet pigs. The presence of a conspecific can be expected to reduce the likelihood of human-directed aggression.
Nymphoides peltata (Gmel.) Kuntze, Myriophyllum spicatum L. and Ceratophyllum demersum L. biomass dynamics in Lake Provala (the Vojvodina Province, Serbia)
Authors: Nikolić Ljiljana , Čobanović Katarina , Lazić Dejana 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Sixty-five plant species have been found in Lake Provala (the Vojvodina Province, Serbia) and its riparian zone. Among them, three hydrophytes were dominant: Nymphoides peltata, Myriophyllum spicatum and Ceratophyllum demersum. As interactions between different ecological factors, especially light, temperature and nutrient level, are of prime importance for productivity of macrophytes, we analyzed the main physical and chemical indicators of water quality in the studied location. In the vegetation period of the year 2000, the dominant hydrophytes were analyzed for biomass production dynamics in the studied aquatic ecosystem, including fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW) and ash free dry weight (AFDW). The studied plant species achieved maximum biomass production in June, with statistical differences among the species at the significance level of α = 0.05.
Preparation of Oriented Aluminum Nitride Thin Films on Polyimide Films and Piezoelectric Response with High Thermal Stability and Flexibility
Authors: Akiyama M. , Morofuji Y. , Kamohara T. , Nishikubo K. , Ooishi Y. , Tsubai M. , Fukuda O. , Ueno N. 
Published: February 2007

Abstractc‐Axis oriented aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films are successfully prepared on amorphous polyimide films by radiofrequency magnetron reactive sputtering at room temperature. Structural analysis shows that the AlN films have a wurtzite structure and consist of c‐axis oriented columnar grains about 100 nm wide. The full width at half maximum of the X‐ray diffraction rocking curves and piezoelectric coefficient d33 of the AlN films are 8.3° and 0.56 pC N–1, respectively. The AlN films exhibit a piezoelectric response over a wide temperature range, from –196 to 300 °C, and can measure pressure within a wide range, from pulse waves of hundreds of pascals to 40 MPa. Moreover, the sensitivity of the AlN films increases with the number of times it was folded, suggesting that we can control the sensitivity of the AlN films by changing the geometric form. These results were achieved by a combination of preparing the oriented AlN thin films on polyimide films, and sandwiching the AlN and polymer films between top and bottom electrodes, such as Pt/AlN/polyimide/Pt. They are thin (less than 10 μm), self powered, adaptable to complex contours, and available in a variety of configurations. Although AlN is a piezoelectric ceramic, the AlN films are flexible and excellent in mechanical shock resistance.
Functionally Modified Macroporous Membrane Prepared by using Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Pereira A. , Laplante F. , Chaker M. , Guay D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPulsed laser deposition (PLD) is used to deposit pure metals (Pt and Au) and a mixture of metals (Pt–Ru) at the surface of a porous aluminum anodic oxide (AAO) substrate. In the case of Pt, thick films (> 300 nm) with pore diameters larger than 150 nm (macroporous), replicating the pore structure of the underlying AAO substrate, are obtained when PLD is performed at high (> 50 eV at–1) kinetic energy (Ek) conditions. At lower Ek conditions, the characteristic structure of the AAO membrane is not discernable in the deposited film. In that case, the substrate is entirely covered by a film, the structure of which is not different from that of a Pt film deposited on a flat Si substrate under the same conditions. AAO membranes modified by macroporous Au and Pt–Ru alloy films are also prepared, demonstrating that the concept can be applied to a wide range of materials. The mechanisms responsible for the replication of the substrate pore structure in the metallic layer are discussed. These functionally modified macroporous membranes are electroactive and this aspect has been emphasized by studying the electrocatalytic properties of Pt and Pt–Ru modified macroporous membranes for CO oxidation.
Molecular Photochemionics
Authors: Ballardini R. , Ceroni P. , Credi A. , Gandolfi M. T. , Maestri M. , Semararo M. , Venturi M. , Balzani V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSuitably designed molecular and supramolecular species are capable of combining light and chemical inputs to perform functions that mimic those of macroscopic devices. This paper describes the working principles of molecular‐level photochemionic devices for i) chemical switching of photonic input/output signals, ii) chemical tuning of photonic input/output signals, and iii) the transformation of chemical and/or optical signals for logic operation.
A New Method for Constructing Quaternary Carbon Centres: Tandem Rhodium‐Catalysed 1,4‐Addition/Intramolecular Cyclisation
Authors: Le Nôtre Jérôme , van Mele David , Frost Christopher G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe efficient tandem rhodium‐catalysed 1,4‐addition/cyclisation of 1,1′‐alkenes using arylzinc chlorides is described. The simple one‐step synthesis of substituted cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone derivatives is performed from acyclic precursors using relatively low catalyst loadings under mild conditions. A new quaternary carbon centre is created during the cyclisation step.
Eosinophilia is associated with a higher mortality rate among patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Authors: Kim Yae‐Jean , Dale Janet K. , Noel Pierre , Brown Margaret R. , Nutman Thomas B. , Straus Stephen E. , Klion Amy D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAutoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a disorder associated with heritable defects in lymphocyte apoptosis that result in chronic nonmalignant lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and autoimmunity. To examine the prevalence, mechanisms, and potential implications of eosinophilia in ALPS, we reviewed data retrospectively from 187 consecutive ALPS patients and their family members studied at the National Institutes of Health. ALPS patients with eosinophilia were compared with ALPS patients without eosinophilia with respect to their clinical and immunologic phenotype. Potential mechanisms for the eosinophilia, including abnormal Fas‐mediated eosinophil apoptosis, increased production of eosinophilopoietic cytokines, and presence of anti‐eosinophilic autoantibodies were also explored in a small number of patients from whom samples were available. Analysis of data from 68 ALPS patients and 119 of their relatives identified a distinct subgroup of patients with prominent and persisting eosinophilia that proved to be associated with increased numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of multiple lineages and a trend towards increased serum IgE levels. Eosinophilic ALPS patients also had a significantly higher risk of death due to infectious complications. Although the specific etiology of the eosinophilia in these patients remains uncertain, it does not appear to be associated with an altered serum cytokine profile, increased survival responsiveness of eosinophils to IL‐5, defective Fas‐mediated eosinophil apoptosis, or anti‐eosinophil antibodies. Eosinophilia defines a distinct subgroup of ALPS patients with increased serum IgE levels, increased numbers of PBL of multiple lineages, and higher mortality from infectious complications. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thomas Jefferson's Y chromosome belongs to a rare European lineage
Authors: King Turi E. , Bowden Georgina R. , Balaresque Patricia L. , Adams Susan M. , Shanks Morag E. , Jobling Mark A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have characterized the Y chromosome carried by President Thomas Jefferson, the general rarity of which supported the idea that he, or a patrilineal relative, fathered the last son of his slave Sally Hemings. It belongs to haplogroup K2, a lineage representing only ∼1% of chromosomes worldwide, and most common in East Africa and the Middle East. Phylogenetic network analysis of its Y‐STR (short tandem repeat) haplotype shows that it is most closely related to an Egyptian K2 haplotype, but the presence of scattered and diverse European haplotypes within the network is nonetheless consistent with Jefferson's patrilineage belonging to an ancient and rare indigenous European type. This is supported by the observation that two of 85 unrelated British men sharing the surname Jefferson also share the President's Y‐STR haplotype within haplogroup K2. Our findings represent a cautionary tale in showing the difficulty of assigning individual ancestry based on a Y‐chromosome haplotype, particularly for rare lineages where population data are scarce. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.