bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure of the Zymogenic‐cell Lineage in Abomasal Mucosa of Adult Cattle
Authors: Kressin M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe ultrastructural differentiation and maturation of the neck cells and the zymogenic cells during physiological cell renewal were investigated in the abomasal oxyntic‐gland region of cattle. Immature neck cells of the distal isthmus and proximal neck exhibit transitional morphology to the predominantly mucous isthmus cells. Neck cells confined to the glandular neck are characterized by bipartite peptic‐cored mucous secretory granules. In a proximal‐distal gradient along the neck, a progressive increase in the peptic granular component and concomitant reduction in mucous components paralleled by proliferation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum creates pre‐zymogenic cells in the proximal glandular base. These, in turn, give rise to mature zymogenic cells with pure peptic secretory granules and typical zymogenic cell morphology. In the depth of the gland, older degenerative zymogenic cells are found. Variations in size and number of the zymogenic granules point to different secretory activities of the mature zymogenic‐cell population of the glandular base. These results favour the conception of a zymogenic‐cell lineage arising within the isthmus and passing through different developmental stages, including neck cells, during their migration down the gland.
Morphological Study of Bovine Pregnant Corpus luteum Cells
Authors: Takehana K. , Abe M. , Yamada O. , Iida‐Abe M. , Abe‐ishioka N. , Hiraga T. , Iwasa K. , Hiratsuka T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe bovine pregnant corpus luteum was examined morphologically, to clarify the appearance and properties of the intramitochondrial bodies (IMB) in mitochondria of the large luteum cell (LLC). The incidence and diameter of the IMB (200–900 nm) showed a tendency to increase with the advance of pregnancy.Histochemically, the IMB reacted positively with protein, and immunohistochemically, they reacted IMB with 11 α‐hydroxyprogesterone‐1‐11 succinyl‐bovine serum albumin (P‐BSA). The IMB seemed to combine with protein, and these granules did not undergo exocytosis. The cytoplasm of LLC contained another type of small electron‐dense granules that were 150–200 nm in diameter, had an orifice for secretion, and reacted with relaxin. Small luteum cells (SLC) revealed crystalline‐like inclusions. It is suggested that these inclusion cells participate in the synthesis of steroids.
Milchgänge und Chaos
Authors: Ludewig Th. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn the present report, the arrangement of the milk‐duct system of one quarter of the bovine udder has been investigated using a corrosion preparation. In general, the observations revealed the following remarkable principles of construction: 1. The milk ducts brached out into parallel plains; 2. The manner of the extension of the milk ducts was similar in the whole system; and 3. Narrow elements alternated with sinus‐like parts.The same patterns occured permanently in all levels of magnification. Thus, it was realized that the principle of the self‐similarity, which puts the chaos of various forms in an order at a higher level.
Morpho‐ und Histogenese der Colliculi rostrales beim Rind
Authors: Wenisch S. , Jöst K. , Hummel G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryBased upon macroscopic and light microscopic examinations the development of the superior colliculus of bovine embryos and fetuses with crown‐rump lengths (CRL) ranging from 0.8 to 90.0 cm was studied. Macroscopically, the mesencephalon can be recognized for the first time at 0.8 cm CRL, whereas the superior colliculus can be clearly differentiated in embryos of 4.5 cm CRL. The macroscopic features of this brain area have reached adult conditions at 80.0 cm CRL. The light microscopic examination reflected the beginning of layer formation at 0.8 cm CRL, which is induced by the proliferating activity of the ventricular zone. Up to 3.4 cm CRL the primordium of the tectum opticum exhibits still a trilaminate pattern (ventricular‐, intermediate‐ and marginal zone), but at 4.5 cm CRL, the formation of the specific tectal layers is marked by the origin of the stratum profundum and intermedium. With the appearance of the tenth layer named stratum opticum at 8.0 cm CRL the laminar pattern corresponds to the characteristics of adult animals.
Vergleich der histologischen Struktur der Kompakta der langen Röhren‐knochen bei Maus, Hamster, Ratte, Meerschweinchen, Kaninchen, Katze und Hund während der Altersentwicklung
Authors: Hörner K. , Loeffler K. , Holtzmann M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis paper reports on histological examinations of the diaphyseal structure of the long bones (humerus, radius, ulna, os femoris and tibia) of mouse, hamster, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, and dog using six animals in three different age groups.There are considerable differences in structure between the species. The results show that with increasing height in the evolution of the species and period of life, as well as advancing age, the differentiation and complexity of bone structures increases.The differences in structure between the localization of bones within the individual species are not considerable.The species comparison results in great similarities between the bone structures of each of mouse and hamster, of rat and guinea pig, as well as of cat and dog.The bone structure of the animals examined becomes more similar to the human structure from mouse, hamster, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, and cat to dog.
The Annual Testicular Cycle of the Domestic Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Baraldi Artoni S. M. B. , Orsi A. M. , Lamano Carvalho T. L. , Lopes R. A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA morphometric study was conducted on the testis of the domestic quail Coturnix coturnix japonica to determine testicular kinetics. We investigated the variability along the year of testicular parameters such as seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height and amount of meiotic figures of maturing spermatids in the seminiferous epithelium and of sperm in the tubular lumen. The results of morphometric analysis showed the occurrence of an annual testicular cycle defined by four distinct phases: a resting phase (at the end of summer), a recrudescence phase (in the fall), a proliferative phase (at the end of winter and beginning of spring), and a regression phase (spring and summer). We also observed that the testes of adult quails present elevated and maximal spermatogenic activity in fall‐winter (short‐day period) and at the beginning of spring, respectively, and lower values in spring and summer (long‐day periods), with minimum values at the end of summer.
Light and Electron Microscopic Study of Perineal Gland in the Grasscutter (Thryonomys Swinderianus, Temminck 1827)
Authors: Alogninouwa Th. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe perineal glands were identified in the zona cutanea of the anal canal of males more than 4 months old. These glands are organized on a lobular model made up of sebaceous cells and isolated by connective parietal cells. The paler in colour the sebaceous cells, the more lipid vacuoles they contain. PAS‐negative and Sudan III‐positive secretions were demonstrated in these cells. Electron microscopy showed that the intracellular organelles were well‐developed, which is a mark of high metabolic activity and storage by the glandular cells.Cystic vesicles were found in the lobules. The size and number of these cysts were variable. The position of the cyst cells and the variability of their size suggest that they are formed after lysis of some holocrine secretory cells. These observations suggest a progressive maturation of the gland towards its secretory site. No specific secretory duct for the purpose of draining secretions was observed, however, there were possible discharge pathways, although with no real walls, as is found for the biliary canaliculi.
Somatotopic Representation within the Facial Motor Nucleus of the Chicken Studied by Means of Horseradish Peroxidase
Authors: Wang J. , Watanabe T. , Ohmori Y. , Naito J. , Fukuta K. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe distribution in the chicken of motoneurons innervating the hyolingual muscles, i.e. the M. branchiomandibularis (BM), M. ceratoglossus (CG), M. interceratobranchialis (CB), M. serpihyoideus (PH), M. stylohyoideus (YH) and one of the mandibular muscles. M. depressor mandibulae (DM), was examined by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated with wheatgerm agglutinin. Labelled motoneurons are found in the three subnuclei of the facial (VII) nucleus, as well as hypoglossal (XII) nucleus. The distribution of motoneurons projecting to the DM are observed in the three subnuclei, those of the BM, PH and YH in the intermediate and ventral subnuclei and those of the CB and CG in the intermediate subnucleus. Motoneurons projecting to the PH, YH, CB and CG are also distributed in the XII nucleus. The ratio of labelled motoneurons of the VII to XII nuclei decreases the PH, YH, CB and CG in that order, and the ratio of labelled ones of the ventral to intermediate subnuclei decreases the BM, PH and YH in that order. The topographical and functional aspects of the subdivision of the motor nucleus are discussed.
Immunocytochemical Identification of Different Cell Types in Bovine Nasolabial Glands with Particular Emphasis on Cytoskeletal Protein Expression
Authors: Zedda M. , Farina V. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryNasolabial glands are serous glands forming a thick subcutaneous layer in the bovine muzzle. In order to identify the different epithelial cell types, both immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase techniques were employed on frozen and fixed sections using monoclonal antibodies to cytoskeletal proteins and S‐100. Actin was also detected with phalloidin. The results show that four cell types can be identified on the ground of the different composition of the cytoskeletal filaments: acinar, basket, luminal duct and basal duct cells. Acinar, luminal duct cells and basal duct cells express different patterns of cytokeratins, as shown by the 12 anti‐cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies used, and both basket cells and the basal cells of intercalated ducts are also reactive to phalloidin and anti‐x‐smooth muscle actin monoclonal antibody. The presence of actin supports the conclusion that basal duct cells are also contractile elements, i. e. myoepithelial cells. Vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and S‐100, molecules considered to be markers of myoepithelial cells by many AA., were not found. The intermediate filaments of the duct epithelium appear more complex and heterogeneous in comparison with those present in the acinar cells.
Histology and Ultrastructure of the Urothelium Lining the Ureter and the Renal Pelvis in Sows
Authors: Woldemeskel M. , Drommer W. , Wendt M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe histology and ultrastructure of the urothelium lining the ureter and renal pelvis in sows was examined using light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The epithelium of both the ureter and the renal pelvis were similar and consisted of the basal, the intermediate and the superficial cells. The luminal surface of the superficial cells was characterized by microplicae. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the luminal membrane of these cells showed trilaminar asymmetric unit membrane. Tight junctions linked the lateral parts of the superficial cells, while the intermediate and the basal cells were connected to each other and the basal cells with the basal membrane through desmosomes and hemidesmosomes, respectively. Clusters of mitochondria were observed throughout the urothelium. Unlike that of the basal cells, the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum were well developed in the superficial and intermediate cells. Lysosomes and vesicles were observed only in the superficial and the intermediate cells. Fine cytoplasmic filaments, although very few in the basal cells, were observed throughout the epithelium. The results are compared and discussed with the findings reported on the urotherlium of other mammalian species and humans.
Immunohistochemical Colocalization of Serotonin, Substance P and Met‐enkephalin‐Arg6‐Gly7‐Leu8 in the Endocrine Cells of the Ruminant Duodenum
Authors: Mimoda T. , Kitamura N. , Hondo E. , Yamada J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe duodenum of various ruminants was examined by immunohistochetnical staining for serotonin, substance P and Metenkephalin‐Arg6‐Gly7‐Leu8 (MENK8). Serotonin‐ and substance P‐immunoreactive endocrine cells were detected in samples from cow, calf, sheep, goat, and barbary sheep. MENK8‐immunoreactive endocrine cells were detected exclusively in samples from cow and calf. Substance P and MENK8 immunoreactivity was found in serotonin‐immunoreactive endocrine cells of cattle. Substance P‐ and MENK8‐immunoreactive nervous elements were detected in all ruminants examined. The present results suggest that the expression and/or the mechanism that controls the expression of each peptide might differ between endocrine cells and nerve cells and might also depend on animal species.
Omasal Anatomy in New Zealand Red and Fallow Deer: An Exploratory Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Lentle R. G. , Stafforxt K. J. , Henderson I. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWe measured the weight and volume of omasae, and the number, weight and area of omasal laminae from wild fallow (Cervus dama), and wild and farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) whose diet, as indicated by rumen content, was known. A multivariate analysis yielded two principal components, interpreted as indices of overall omasal size and laminar leafiness. The second component showed significantly greater variance in wild red deer than in farmed red or wild fallow deer. Deer feeding on a mixed diet of browse and grasses may have greater variability of omasal form than those feeding on grass alone. A relationship is derived by which the laminar area can be estimated from counts of laminae in different size classes.
The Glandular Chambers of the Placenta of the Bitch in the Second Third of Pregnancy (day 30–44): An Ultrastructural, Ultrahistochemical and Lectinhistochemical Investigation
Authors: Grether B. M. , Friess A. E. , Stoffel M. H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe present study represents the first comprehensive investigation of the glandular chambers of the placenta of the bitch. We examined the glandular chambers by SEM, TEM, ultrahistochemical and lectinhistochemical methods.The glandular epithelium is a high columnar epithelium with club‐shaped apical protrusions bearing short microvilli. The epithelium forms extensive folds which fill up most of the lumen of the glandular chambers. Proceeding to the placental labyrinth, the glandular chambers are covered by the tips of the chorionic tufts. The trophoblast and the glandular epithelium are separated by a thick layer of secretions. The ultrastructure cytology of the columnar epithelium is characterized by several Golgi complexes and abundant apical‐located mucus vesicles with a positive dialysed iron reaction. Lectin histochemistry reveals in general a strong reaction of these mucus vesicles with all lectins used. The mucus in the lumen of the glandular chamber reacts strongly with WGA. NeuWGA, LPA and ConA.The trophoblastic villi projecting into the lumen of the glandular chambers are covered by a pseudostratified epithelium consisting of a flat basal layer and a superficial columnar one. Its cytoplasm is filled with large fusing vacuoles containing longish screw‐shaped structures. No morphological equivalent of absorption is found. According to the ultrastructure of the trophoblast, the significance of the mucus in the glandular chambers in stopping the invasive growth of the trophoblast is discussed.
Anatomische und röntgenologische Untersuchungen am Schultergelenk des Geparden (Acinonyx jubatus)
Authors: Künzel W. , Probst A. , Henninger W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAnatomical structures of shoulder joints of five adult cheetahs were examined by dissection, corrosion casts and radiography. The bones, capsules and auxiliary synovial devices were described, as well as ligaments and adjacent muscles. The cheetah shoulder has many similarities with the shoulder joint of the domestic cat, but also considerable differences. Proper osteological features were the large supraglenoid tubercle, the caudally directed coracoid process and the extension of the articular surface of the scapula to the lateral area of the supraglenoid tubercle. On the proximal end of the humerus the width of the head of humerus, the facet of infraspinatus muscle as a shallow cavity with the insertion of the infraspinatus muscle around it and two raised roughnesses on the proximal end of the tricipital line for the insertions of the lateral glenohumeral ligament and the teres minor muscle were noticeable. The insertion of the joint capsule was mainly on the glenoid labrum, only in part of the articular surface on the lateral area of the supraglenoid tubercle laterally on the scapula. The joint capsule formed a supra‐ and infraspinatus recess laterally, an intertubercular tendon sheet for the biceps brachii muscle cranially, and a bipartited subscapular recess medially. An extracapsular transverse ligament passing the intertubercular groove, a laterally capsular strengthening—called lateral glenohumeral ligament—and an intracapsular medial glenohumeral ligament could be found. The latter one was joined to the capsule by a mesoligament, dividing the subscapular recess into two pouches.
Fetal Ependyma in Sheep and Goat. A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Rajtová V. , Kačmárik J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMorphology of the surface of apical membranes of ependymal cells has been studied in the whole ventricular system of the brain in goat and sheep fetuses using a scanning electron microscope. The surface structure of the ependymal lining surface in fetuses of small ruminants is very similar to that in adult animals. Supraependymal cells were found only in the lower part of the third cerebral ventricle in goat fetuses, but not in sheep fetuses. In small ruminants the ependymal surface is already regionally differentiated within the end of the first half of prenatal development. Fetal ependyma of goats and sheep, unlike the adult ependyma, is characterized by a high secretory activity, which is independent of sex or age of fetuses.
Anatomische Besonderheiten am Ellbogengelenk des Geparden (Acinonyx jubatus)
Authors: Künzel W. , Probst A. 
Published: June 2007

ZusammenfassungAnatomical characteristics of the elbow joint of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)Anatomical structures of elbow joints of six cheetahs were examined by dissection, corrosion casts and radiography. As a result, it was observed that the distal end of humerus is divided into the trochlea humeri for articulation with the ulna and the capitulum humeri for articulation with the radius. As the trochlea humeri is posed oblique and looks like a disc‐shaped cone sector, flexion. Flexion of elbow joint is always combined with adduction of the distal parts of the limb, and, respectively, extension with abduction. The cylindrical but also in sagittal direction convex capitulum humeri enables the head of the radius all movements on a spheric sector. Furthermore, advantageous preconditions for rotation in the proximal radioulnar joint are the mighty medial coronoid process, the displacement of the radial tuberosity to the caudal surface of the radius and the insertion of the biceps brachii muscle exclusively on this elevation of the radius. Limiting factors are the insertions of collateral ligaments at the antebrachial skeleton. The lateral collateral ligament inserts only on the radius, the medial collateral ligament mainly on the ulna. The radial anular ligament directly connects the two coronoid processes of the ulna and moreover is intracapsular. The joint capsule is common for both the cubital and the proximal radioulnar joint and five pouches could be described. These were between the lateral epicondyle of humerus and the olecranon, underneath the tendon of origin of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, cranially in the bend of the elbow joint, between the head of the radius and the tendon of origin of supinator muscle and the lateral part of radial anular ligament, just as between the medial epicondyle of humerus and the tendons of origin of flexor muscles of the forearm.
Studies on the Parietal Region of the Cervid Skull III. On the Occurrence of an Interparietal in Cervus
Authors: Kierdorf U. , Kierdorf H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe occurrence of an os interparietale was studied in two transparent preparations of fetal red deer (Cervus elaphus) heads and in 14 dried skulls of fetal to early postnatal individuals from four Cervus species (C. elaphus, C. nippon, C. duvauceli and C. eldi). In 14 of the 16 specimens, an interparietal was present as either a paired or single bone. In only a neonate red deer and a 5‐week‐old sika deer this skull element was missing. We therefore conclude that an os interparietale, developing from paired centres of ossification, is normally present in Cervus species. This clearly distinguishes them from the fallow deer, where an interparietal is missing (Kierdorf and Kierdorf, 1992b). Our findings thus support the view that the fallow deer should be considered a distinct genus Dama instead of being included within Cervus.
Regional Peripheral Vascular Supply Based on the Superficial Temporal Artery in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Fahie M. A. , Smith B. J. , Ballard J. B. , Moon M. L. , Smith M. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryCutaneous arterial blood supply to the temporal region was evaluated in 8 dogs and 8 cats. Subtraction radiography and angiography of the carotid and superficial temporal arteries were used in 4 dogs and 4 cats to determine arterial blood supply to the temporal region and frontalis muscle. A myocutaneous axial pattern flap based on the superficial temporal artery and frontalis muscle may be indicated for cosmetic reconstruction in dogs and cats following surgical resection of neo‐plastic lesions or traumatic wounds in the maxillofacial region. The frontalis muscle was identified as the thin subcutaneous continuation of the platysma muscle extending cranially and rostrally. Dissection of the temporal region in 4 dogs and 4 cats revealed the subcutaneous location of the superficial temporal artery as it continues rostrally from the caudal aspect of the zygomatic arch.
Morphological Investigations of the Surface Epithelium of Ductuli Efferentes of Black Isogenic Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Orsi A. M. , Matheus S. M. M. , Gregorio E. A. , Beu C. C. L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMorphological investigations of the epithelial cell types that line the ductuli efferentes (DE) of black isogenic mice confirm absorption of the luminal fluid phase by endocytosis as the main function of ductuli efferentes (DE) in this species. Furthermore, all the histochemical and ultrastructural observations on the DE epithelial histoarchitecture indicate other cellular functions such as exocytosis and probably secretion, including an aprocrine secretory process.