bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rapid Automated Latex Screen for Tetanus Toxoid Antibodies
Authors: Booth J. R. , Nuttall P. A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. This report describes the sensitisation of latex particles and the use of this reagent on the Autotape system to select blood donations containing ≥4 IU/ml of tetanus toxoid antibody.Plasma containing tetanus toxoid antibodies is processed to provide immunoglobulin for passive protection against tetanus. The techniques used for screening include immunoelectro‐phoresis [3], tetanus toxoid sensitised latex particles [5], haemagglutination [1] and automated haemagglutination [6]. The technique used by the Sheffield Regional Transfusion Centre until recently, was immunoelectrophoresis, selecting donors with 4 or more IU/ml. The Autotape system, previously described for brucellosis [4] and syphilis testing [2], provides a system for automated slide testing and a 5‐min tetanus toxoid coated latex test has been developed to select suitable donations for the production of specific immunoglobulin.
New Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Subtypes inside the ad Category
Authors: Couroucé‐Pauty A. M. , Lemaire J. M. , Roux J. F. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. In addition to the 10 HBs Ag subtypes already described, 2 new subtypes were defined by using the q determinant. Exceptions to the rule generally accepted were found in that the q determinant was only lacking in HBs Ag/adw4. These exceptions occurred in adw and adr categories. These 2 new subtypes are adw q positive and adr q negative.Out of 98 HBs Ag/adw4 from silent carriers and patients from different parts of the world, mainly from France (79), 6 were found q positive. 3 out of these 6 cases came from Montpellier (South of France) and another 3 from Germany. The 92 other cases were found q negative. Further studies will be necessary to better know the location of this new subtype adw4 q positive, but it seems to be present only in certain parts of Europe.Out of 86 HBs Ag/adr from silent carriers from Asia (58), Oceania (17), France (10, most of them contaminated in Asia) and Reunion (1), 10 were found q negative. All these 10 cases were detected in Oceania, 2 out of 2 in carriers from New Caledonia and 8 out of 13 from French Polynesia.The new subtype adr q negative seems localized in Melanesia and Polynesia and absent from Asia. These 2 new markers of hepatitis B virus will allow better epidemiological and geographical studies.
Detection of the H and I Blood Group Antigens in Normal Plasma
Authors: Rouger P. , Riveau D. , Salmon C. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The levels of A, H, I and i antigens were measured in the plasma of 185 normal subjects by the agglutination‐inhibition method. The presence of H in the plasma was only detectable with immune anti‐H. The level of H in the plasma was directly correlated with the amount on the red cells, and was affected by the donor secretor status. The plasma of group O secretors contained more H than the plasma of donors of other phenotypes.On the other hand, I and i plasma antigens were not related to the other systems studied. Unlike the Ii antigens on the red cell membrane, there was no relationship between the levels of I and i in plasma.
An Evaluation of N‐Ethyl‐Maleimide‐Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Platelet Concentrates Stored at 4 or 22°C1
Authors: Valbonesi M. , Garelli S. , Mosconi L. , Florio G. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A method for the quality control of platelet viability, based on N‐ethyl‐maleimide (NEM)‐induced lipid peroxidation, is reported. Duplicate platelet concentrates from individual donors were stored at 22 and 4°C, respectively. At time O and at 24‐hour intervals, pH, O2 and CO2 tensions, ADP‐induced aggregation, glass adhesivity, hypotonic shock response (HSR) and NEM‐induced lipid peroxidation were measured.A highly significant correlation between NEM‐induced lipid peroxidation and HSR was established, which suggests that the former method can be used for the in vitro prediction of posttransfusion survival of preserved platelets.
Evaluation of the ‘Mason’ (Continuous‐Thaw‐Siphon) Method for Cryoprecipitate Production
Authors: Prowse C. V. , McGill A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A comparison was made of the factor VIII recovery in cryoprecipitate made by the continuous‐thaw‐siphon technique of Mason [1], by our routine method of overnight thawing at 4°C and by a fast‐thaw method. The siphon method resulted in a mean recovery of 71% of the factor VIII. This is at least double the yield obtained by the routine method and could not be solely attributed to the faster processing as cryoprecipitate prepared by the fast‐thaw method gave a factor VIII yield of 53%, which was significantly less than the Mason product. This product also contained increased amounts of factor VIII‐related antigen and fibrinogen.Characterisation of the thaw‐siphon cryoprecipitate factor VIII by gel filtration, electro‐phoretic mobility, stability and measurement of isoagglutinin titre did not reveal any significant qualitative differences from cryoprecipitate produced by other methods.
Probable Biosynthetic Pathway for the Synthesis of the B Antigen from Bh Variants
Authors: Mulet C. , Cartron J.‐P. , Schenkel‐Brunner H. , Duchet D. , Sinay P. , Salmon C. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Red cells and serum from two Bh variants (B+H‐cells) have been investigated for B and H blood group glycosyltransferases. The H enzyme could not be detected using either type 1 or type 2 chain acceptors. The B enzyme was present in normal amount when 2′‐fucosyl‐lactose was used as substrate, neither 6′‐fucosyllactose nor 6′‐fucosyllactosamine could act as acceptors for the B enzyme.Upon treatment of the Bh red cells by the B‐degrading enzyme from Trichomonas foetus the B antigen was destroyed while H determinants were uncovered (B‐H+cells). The cells thus treated could be further converted into A+H‐ red cells by the action of the A transferase from human blood group A serum. Previous treatment of the B‐H+ cells by the H‐degrading enzyme from T. foetus, however, led to B‐H‐ erythrocytes and prevented their conversion into A red blood cells by the A enzyme. The results clearly demonstrate that, as found in normal B individuals, the B antigen from Bh cells is built up from the H precursor and provide additional evidence that H is not a completely silent gene in Bh individuals.
A Japanese Rhmod Family: Serological and Haematological Observations
Authors: Saji Hiroh , Hosoi Takemitsu 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. This report describes a Japanese family having two Rhmod members, and two sibs with slightly depressed Rh antigens. It is proposed that the Rhmod and the depressed Rh antigen phenotypes are due to regulator genes in homozygous or heterozygous condition, respectively.The two Rhmod members showed mild reticulocytosis, stomatocytosis, slight anisocytosis, slight hyperchromia and slight punctate basophilia without anaemia. Scanning electron microscopy showed their red cells to be small and of bowl shape. Increased fragility of their erythrocytes was demonstrated by dynamic osmofragility testing using a coil planet centrifuge.
Homozygous D
Authors: Contreras Marcela , Armitage Susan , Daniels G. L. , Tippett Patricia 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A homozygote for the Rh complex D associated with the rare Evans antigen was identified and her family tested: D / D can be clearly distinguished serologically from ‐D‐I‐D‐.The immune antibody in the serum of the propositus reacts with all cells tested except homozygous ‐D‐, CwD‐, cD‐ and Rhnull cells.
Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen with the Miniature Centrifugal Fast Analyzer
Authors: Wenz Barry , Karmen Arthur , Feng Chi S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A modified reversed passive hemagglutination test for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg is described. Sera and reagent cells coated with antibody to HBsAg (anti‐HBs) are loaded separately into the rotor of a miniature centrifugal fast analyzer. The rotor is centrifuged briefly to transfer the components into its cuvettes. After mixing, the suspensions are allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 min, following which the rotor is again centrifuged and the absorbance of each cuvette is monitored. Cells suspended in serum containing HBsAg leave the light path more rapidly than cells suspended in sera free of antigen. The magnitude of change in absorbance varies directly with the concentration of the antigen.In 45 sera tested by the conventional V‐plate technique, findings were as follows: 21 positive, 19 false positive and 5 negative. The automated procedure unequivocally differentiated the 21 positives; results for the false positive and negative specimens were identical and clearly distinguishable from the positive results. The automated procedure enhances specificity, offers equivalent sensitivity, and results that are quantitative and objective.
Analbuminemia: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature1
Authors: Dammacco Franco , Miglietta Antonio , D'Addabbo Angelo , Fratello Angelo , Moschetta Raffaele , Bonomo Lorenzo 
Published: March 2009

Idiopathic analbuminemia was fortuitously detected in a 30‐year‐old Italian woman. No associated disease condition could be revealed in this patient, the only consistent finding being a slight tendency to develop ankle edema. Asthenia and a moderate hypotension were also recorded. Trace amounts (5.2 mg/100 ml) of serum albumin were determined by immunochemical methods. Laboratory features also included increased circulating levels of cholesterol and β‐lipoproteins, as well as elevation of acute phase reactants and immunoglobulins. Albumin turnover studies showed low albumin synthesis and abnormally slow albumin degradation rate. No consanguinity of the parentage could be traced in this patient and an autosomal recessive transmission of the trait was suggested.An extensive review of the literature disclosed 19 additional cases of this rare condition, their occurrence actually challenging the vital role of albumin in man. Compensatory mechanisms certainly play a role but are only partially understood.
Preparation of Improved Cryoprecipitated Factor VIII Concentrate
Authors: Wensley R. T. , Snape T. J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The effect on cryoprecipitate factor VIII recovery of three important variables has been investigated. The design of the study was such as to eliminate, for the purpose of internal comparisons, spurious effects such as those due to the variation in factor VIII levels in donor plasma.The choice of anticoagulant was shown to be of particular significance, plasma collected into CPD anticoagulant giving higher cryoprecipitate factor VIII yield throughout the study.The effect on cryoprecipitate factor VIII recovery of delay before separation and freezing of the plasma was more complex. Very fresh plasma (separated and frozen within 2 h of collection) gave the highest recovery of factor VIII, but no difference was detected between cryoprecipitate factor VIII recovery of plasma separated and frozen at 4 h and at 18 h after blood collection.Controlled rapid thawing of the plasma was also shown to be advantageous, at least for the preparation of cryoprecipitates from plasma anticoagulated with CPD anticoagulant.
The First Human Example of anti‐Me
Authors: McDougall D.C.J. , Jenkins W.J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Anti‐Me is an antibody which cross‐reacts with the M and He antigens. It has previously only been found in rabbit serum; the first human example is described.The Henshaw antigen is closely associated with the MNSs system and is found in about 3% of Negroes [1–3] but only rarely in Caucasoids [2]. The original anti‐He was found in a rabbit anti‐M serum by Ikin and Mourant [1] in 1951. Other examples were deliberately produced by the immunisation of rabbits with the blood of Mr. Henshaw [3].The first example of anti‐He in a human serum was found in 1967 by MacDonald et al. [4] in a Caucasoid mother. Although at the time it was not possible to ascertain the racial group of the father, it has since been established that he was a Negro. Other human anti‐He sera have since been found [2].In 1961 Wiener and Rosenfield [5] reported an immune rabbit serum which possessed inseparable anti‐M and anti‐He specificities which they designated anti‐Me. The rabbit which produced the anti‐Me had almost certainly not received Henshaw‐positive cells. The rabbit serum was investigated as a result of a discrepancy found during M‐typing of a Negro involved in a medicolegal case of disputed parentage.The first human example of anti‐Me herein described was found in the serum of Mr. Richards, a 41‐year‐old Caucasoid male with no known transfusion history and has been used at this centre as an anti‐M serum for many years.
A Further Cold Agglutinin, Fl, Recognizing a N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid‐Determined Antigen
Authors: Roelcke D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA cold agglutinin, Fl, reacted with an erythrocyte antigen, which was inactivated by neuraminidase. It resembled anti‐I antibodies in reacting more strongly with erythrocytes of adults than with cord blood cells. However, unlike I, this ‘new’ antigen is destroyed by neuraminidase treatment. This antigen is also distinct from Pr, Gd and Sa type antigens which are equally expressed on cord and adult erythrocytes.
Model for the Rh Blood Group System Based on Discontinuous Gene Structure
Authors: Giorno Ralph 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA model of the Rh blood group system is proposed which is based on discontinuous gene structure. The R29 control subregion consists of a single exon flanked by introns. Following the R29 subregion, the R1 subregion exists as seven exon structures which alternate with introns. The expression of each exon is controlled by flanking introns. A separate exon‐intron structure controls expression of the Rh: ‐1 phenotype. Differential gene expression is controlled by intron sequences and complementary splicer RNA sequences encoded by unlinked loci.
Acute Hepatitis Non‐A, Non‐B following Administration of Factor VIII Concentrates
Authors: Norkrans G. , WideN A. , Teger‐Nilsson A.‐C. , Kjellman H. , Frösner G. , Iwarson S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA retrospective survey on clinical hepatitis in patients with bleeding disorders was performed. Nine episodes of hepatitis non‐A, non‐B occurred in 8 out of 20 patients (40%) with mild hemophilia A or von Willebrand's disease, who had been treated with commercial factor VIII concentrates. Only two episodes of hepatitis B occurred during the study period. The non‐A, non‐B attack rate after the first treatment was 40 % with factor VIII concentrate obtained from large plasma pools (=2,000 donors) including professional plasma donors as compared to 8 % after treatment with factor VIII concentrate obtained from smaller (100–250 donors) plasma pools from Scandinavian donors.
Complement and Ig Uptake by Erythrocytes in Low Ionic Strength Solutions1
Authors: Szymanski Irma O. , Keegan Martha G. , Odgren Paul R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe studied the uptake of immunoglobulin (Ig) and complement from plasma by red blood cells (RBC) under low ionic strength (LIS) conditions using Rh‐negative RBC and anti‐Rh antibodies. The ionic strength of plasma/RBC mixtures was lowered by dialysis against 5% mannitol, pH 6.0. The studies revealed that bromelin‐modified RBC failed to bind either Ig or complement in low ionic strength conditions, but that unmodified RBC bound the majority of anti‐D. The bound anti‐D (consisting of IgGl, IgG3, IgA, and IgM molecules) could be eluted into 0.9% NaCl yielding a higher recovery of antibody than that obtained by specific absorption‐elution techniques. Although uptake of Ig by RBC was independent of complement activation, the subsequent elution of bound Ig into normal ionic strength solutions was not. Small amounts of Ig remained on EC43 and EC4, but not on RBC that did not become complement sensitized during low ionic strength exposure. These findings suggest that Ig remained attached to RBC via a complement‐RBC bond.
Effect of Blood Donations on the Profile of Lymphocytic Cells
Authors: Ieromnimon V. , Krüger J. , Schmidt R. , Sehrbundt M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe effect of ordinary blood donation and repeat leukapheresis procedures on the profile of lymphocytic cells in peripheral blood was assessed. In ordinary blood donors blood donation was found to have no effect on serum Ig levels and peripheral lymphocyte populations. The removal of leukocytes and serum Ig during leukapheresis lead to a significant decrease of serum IgG and IgM and of all lymphocytic cell parameters, O cells being the only exception. During a series of 5 consecutive cytaphereses serum Ig always reached prepheresis levels within a week. With the increasing number of leukaphereses, however, lymphocytic cells, except 0 cells, showed a steady decrease which was significant for B cells bearing surface IgA, G, M or lambda chains. Even 2 months after the last leukapheresis mononuclear cell numbers had not returned to first prepheresis levels. A limitation of leukapheresis procedures per annum is recommended.
Parthenocissus tricuspiduta Activity Directed against Human Red Blood Cells Coated with C3b
Authors: Crawford G.J. , Moore B.P.L. , Laschinger C. , Ho M. , Freedman J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn extract of seeds from Parthenocissus tricuspidata strongly agglutinated red blood cells (RBC) coated with C3b. RBC coated with C3d, C4b or C4d and noncomplement‐coated RBC were very weakly agglutinated. There was no correlation of reactivity with RBC groups.
Discovery of a Cytoplasmic‐Dominant Alloantigen Prevalent in Erythrocytes
Authors: Neurath A.R. , Strick N. , Rowe A. W. , Rubinstein P. , Fotino M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn alloantigen was detected in the cytoplasm of blood cells, predominantly in hemolyzed erythrocytes, by radioimmunoassays developed with antibodies from a hemophiliac. The frequency of the antigen varies in different races. Studies in Caucasian families revealed an autosomal‐dominant inheritance of the antigen.
Assessment of Red Cell Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia of Warm Type by a Radioactive Anti‐IgG Test1
Authors: Schmitz N. , Djibey I. , Kretschmer V. , Mahn I. , Mueller‐Eckhardt C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo evaluate the applicability of a radioactive 125I‐anti‐IgG test (RIAT) for the detection of small amounts of IgG antibodies on red blood cells (RBC) of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia of warm type (AIHA), RBC of 125 patients were studied (AIHA, n=53; Coombs'‐negative AIHA, n=6; chronic cold agglutinin disease, n=7; non‐immune anemias, n=59). It was found that the RBC of all cases (33/33) with a positive direct IgG antiglobulin test (DAT‐IgG), but also 13 out of 20 patients with a negative DAT‐IgG, but detectable complement (C3/C4), and 4 out of 6 cases with Coombs'‐negative AIHA gave positive results in the direct RIAT. RBC‐associated IgG was higher in the DAT‐IgG positive group (n=33; x̄=8.1%) than in the DAT‐IgG negative group (n=26; x̄3.4%). There was no correlation between hypergammaglobulinemia and RBC‐associated IgG. The sensitivity of the indirect RIAT was not remarkably better as compared to the indirect antiglobulin test. The RIAT is valuable in the serology of borderline cases of AIHA.
Auto‐anti‐B in a Patient with Acute Leukaemia
Authors: McClelland W.M. , Bradley A. , Morris T.C.M. , Burmide P. , Robertson J.H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe presence of an auto‐antibody with group B specificity is described for the first time in acute leukaemia. The antibody also shows certain unusual serological characteristics.
Delayed Serum Sickness‐Like Transfusion Reactions in a Multiply Transfused Patient
Authors: Avoy Donald R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe clinical features and progress of a patient with a fatal myeloproliferative disease are reported. Her care required frequent transfusions of red cell products and components. These transfusions were followed, after varying intervals, by fever, arthralgia, myalgia, headache and pericarditis. These reactions could be avoided by transfusing plasma‐free products, and were ameliorated by systemic steroids. This patient, then, is the first reported case of delayed, serum sickness‐like transfusion reactions. During the course of her illness she was demonstrated to have antibodies to immunoglobulins. The role of these antibodies, if any, is uncertain.
Differential Coating of Human Red Blood Cells with C4 or C3 in a Low Ionic Strength Medium
Authors: Heier H. E. , Kornstad L. , Nordhagen R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn EDTA‐containing, low ionic strength medium, pH 5.1, can be used for incubation of blood to obtain coating of red blood cells with C4 or C3. The coating achieved depends on incubation temperature (4 or 37°C) and on whether or not CaCl2 or MgCl2 is added to the medium. The optimal concentration of EDTA appears to be 2 mM under the present conditions. This is equimolar to the final concentration of the added CaCl2/MgCl2. The choice between CaCl2 and MgCl2 depends on whether blood without anticoagulant or ACD blood is employed. Coated cells keep satisfactorily for 5 weeks at 4°C in Alsever's solution as well as after freezing and thawing. C3‐coated cells can be converted to C3dcoated ones by incubation in normal, compatible, EDTA‐containing serum at 37°C.
Prothrombin Complex Concentrates for Clinical Use1
Authors: Chandra S. , Brummelhuis H.G.J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractProthrombin complex concentrates prepared for clinical use are reviewed with emphasis on frequently observed adverse reactions such as viral hepatitis and thromboembolic complications. Preparation procedures and quality control are described briefly, and the use of these concentrates in the treatment of hemophilia A patients who develop factor VIII inhibitors is also described. The causes of and methods for the detection of potential thrombogenicity are discussed and suggestions which may result in a safer product are made.
Red Cell Preservation in Protein‐Poor Media: III. Protection Against in vitro Hemolysis
Authors: Högman Claes F. , Hedlund Kenneth , Sahlestrom Ylva 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRed cells stored under blood bank conditions normally show less than 1% spontaneous in vitro hemolysis even after 5 weeks; larger hemolysis may be found if the cells are suspended and stored in a saline‐adenine‐glucose (SAG) solution with very little trapped plasma. Delay of the addition of the suspension medium, return of 25 ml plasma after a maximal plasma harvest, addition of mannitol 10–30 mmol.1‐1 to the suspension medium were alternative and effective ways of keeping the spontaneous lysis within normal limits. Mechanical traumatization (centrifugation or shaking) caused considerably more damage to the red cells when these were highly concentrated than when they were diluted. A cell suspension in SAG is a more suitable product for hemotherapy than strongly packed red cell concentrates.
An Investigation into the Relationships between Serum Levels of C3, C4 and CH50
Authors: Salkie M.L. , Kelker D.H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAliquots of 213 specimens were assayed for C3, C4 and CH50. A graphical presentation of the data was obtained by a block diagram. This showed a generally flat plane with good agreement to quoted normal ranges.Only 2 of 68 specimens with C3 and C4 normal have a low CH50. If either the C3 or C4 is low then the CH50 may be normal or even high, but if both fractions are low then so is the CH50.A low CH50 can occur with both C3 and C4 in the normal range or even higher. This implicates other complement factors as being deficient with a sufficiently high occurrence rate to require that the CH50 be kept as a routine laboratory procedure.
A New Miltenberger Class Detected by a Second Example of Anek Type Serum
Authors: Dybkjaer E. , Poole J. , Giles C.M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn incomplete IgG antibody, detected in compatibility testing, had the same specificity as Anek serum, a type serum of the Miltenberger complex. The cells of the donor represent a new Mi class, VIII, by sharing determinants found on cells of Mi IV, VI and VII.