bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescriber perceptions of boxed warnings: A qualitative study
Authors: Ingersoll Rachel N. , Bui Elise T. , Coleman Blair , Zhou Esther H. , Eggers Sara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo explore how boxed warning (BW) information fits within the context of prescribers' overall treatment decision‐making and communication with patients.MethodsIn‐depth interviews (N = 52) were conducted with primary care providers and specialists. Participants were presented with one of two prescribing scenarios: (1) estrogen vaginal inserts to treat vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) associated with menopause; or (2) direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) to treat chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV). The semi‐structured interviews explored participants' treatment decision‐making within the scenario, reactions to current prescribing information for a product within the FDA‐approved drug class, as well as their perceptions of BWs generally.ResultsAcross scenarios, providers described that the BW is only one of several factors that influence treatment decision‐making. In the VVA scenario, symptom severity, family history, and experience with nonprescription drugs were raised as common factors that influence prescribing considerations; compared to comorbid infections, viral load, and HCV genotype in the HCV scenario. Perceptions of the DAA BW were generally positive or neutral, as many participants found the information important and appropriate. The VVA BW was viewed less favorably, with many participants stating the BW overstates the risk for this drug.ConclusionsFindings suggest that BWs are one of several factors that influence providers' treatment decisions, and BW influence largely depends on context. Providers across scenarios expressed notable differences in their perceptions of the risk information provided in the presented BWs; however, across scenarios participants expressed consideration of how patients may perceive the BW.
Gas‐phase F‐atom migration reaction of deprotonated N‐fluoroarenesulfonamides
Authors: Xia Yaoyu , Zhang Yu‐Yang , Zhang Qian , Zhang Xiang , Wang Hao‐Yang 
Published: February 2024

RationaleRecently N‐Fluoroarenesulfonamides (ArSO2NHF) were found to be promising precursors for the preparation of N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide derivatives without applying F2. However, very few studies have discussed the mass spectrometric behaviors of ArSO2NHF with N–F structure.MethodsIn this article, we applied high‐resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS/MS) to study the effect on the mass spectrometric behaviors of ArSO2NHF after the introduction of the F‐atom to the N‐atom of ArSO2NH2.ResultsHigh‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS) experiments showed that ArSO2NHF produced only good signals in negative ion mode, and the dominating product ion SO2F− at m/z 83 was observed in all HR‐ESI‐MS/MS of ArSO2NF− with different substituents in the Ar group. The formation of the product ion SO2F− was proof of the gas‐phase F‐atom migration rearrangement from the N‐atom to the S‐atom in ESI‐MS/MS of ArSO2NF−.ConclusionTo fully explain the gas‐phase reaction mechanism from ArSO2NF− to SO2F−, we studied the HR‐ESI‐MS/MS of deprotonated ArSO2NHF and also performed theoretical calculations. Both results confirmed that ArSO2NF− first underwent Smiles rearrangement to yield intermediate I (INT1) ArNFSO2−, and then the F‐atom of ArNFSO2− migrated from the N‐atom to the S‐atom to form intermediate II (INT2) ArN−SO2F, which finally dissociated to SO2F− at m/z 83 with loss of a neutral nitrene (ArN). All these results showed that the formation of the product ion SO2F− from ArSO2NF− was a common and intrinsic gas‐phase reactivity of ArSO2NF−.
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging of latent fingerprints revealed by Oil Red O
Authors: Banidol Mariska , Kouider Sophia , Sergent Isaure , Pizzala Hélène , Charles Laurence 
Published: February 2024

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is increasingly used to produce chemical images of latent fingerprints. Yet, the actual benefits of MSI for real case studies have to be assessed for fingerprints previously processed by forensic techniques. Here, we have evaluated the compatibility of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) with the fingerprint enhancement technique involving Oil Red O (ORO).MethodsTo optimize the ionization step independently from surface extraction, the ORO reagent and its mixture with model compounds (triolein and linoleic acid) were first studied in solution using high‐resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS). Then, DESI‐MSI experiments were performed in both polarity modes for ORO‐processed fingermarks deposited on pieces of paper used as porous substrates.ResultsESI‐MS of ORO reveals a complex mixture of azo dyes. Two main impurities detected beside the targeted species were characterized using MS/MS and then were usefully employed to produce DESI‐MS images of fingermarks, decreasing the scanning rate to get sufficient ion abundance from natural fingerprints. ORO did not prevent chemical profiling, and one major added value of this pink dye was to produce MS images with contrast that cannot be obtained optically for some colored substrates.ConclusionsDESI‐MS has demonstrated imaging compatibility with the application of ORO used to enhance latent fingerprints on paper and could also enable chemical profiling in natural fingermarks. In addition, MS images of ORO impurities were of higher quality than optical ones for fingerprints revealed on colored paper.
Molecular Docking and Structure‐Activity Relationship Analysis of Target Compounds against Glyceraldehyde‐3‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Azithromycin‐Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Yakobi Sinethemba , Zuma Lindiwe , Pooe Ofentse 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe emergence of drug‐resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating the development of novel antimicrobial agents. This study focuses on the potential of phenolic compounds to target the enzyme glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in N. gonorrhoeae, a key protein involved in glycolysis and implicated in various pathological mechanisms. Among the compounds evaluated, quercetin demonstrated significant binding affinity to N. gonorrhoeae‐derived GAPDH. Structural integrity assessments using Procheck software and molecular docking simulations confirmed the binding capacity of quercetin. Molecular dynamics simulations further explored the stability and flexibility of the quercetin‐N. gonorrhoeae GAPDH complex. The results revealed interactions between quercetin and specific amino acid residues, suggesting potential binding sites crucial for antimicrobial action. This information provides valuable insights into the development of quercetin‐based therapeutics targeting drug‐resistant N. gonorrhoeae, addressing the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents.
Constructing Stable Zinc‐Metal Anodes by Synergizing Hydrophobic Host with Zincophilic Interface for Aqueous Zinc Ions Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jiahui , Ma Wenwen , Mei Yang , Wu Feng , Xie Chen , Wang Ke , Zheng Longhong , Li Li , Chen Renjie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc (Zn) ions battery is promising for future large‐scale applications of energy storage due to the abundant reserves, high capacity of metallic Zn. However, dendritic growth, severe side reactions have limited the development of Zn‐metal anodes. A single skeleton structure or interface protection is difficult to simultaneously mitigate these issues. Here, a novel composite design based on the synergistic interaction between the hydrophobic host, the zincophilic interface is reported. On the one hand, the 3D substrate reduces the local current density, inhibits dendritic growth. On the other hand, the protective interface homogenizes the nucleation due to the formation of the ZnAu3 alloy layer. More importantly, the collaborative construction of the hydrophobicity, zincophilicity for the electrode alleviates the aggravated hydrogen evolution reaction (only 2.5 mmol h−1), simultaneously enables a low nucleation overpotential (31.7 mV) during cycling. Consequently, a high Coulombic efficiency of ≈98.25% after 300 cycles is harvested for the composite electrode. The pouch cells assembled by this anode, LiMn2O4 cathode maintain 82 mAh g−1 capacity retention after 140 cycles. This research shows an innovative Zn‐based structural design for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries.
Harnessing HetHydrogel: A Universal Platform to Dropletize Single‐Cell Multiomics
Authors: Zhou Guoqiang , Li Ting , Du Jingjing , Wu Mengying , Lin Deng , Pu Weilin , Zhang Jingwei , Gu Zhenglong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA universal platform is developed for dropletizing single cell plate‐based multiomic assays, consisting of three main pillars: a miniaturized open Heterogeneous Hydrogel reactor (abbreviated HetHydrogel) for multi‐step biochemistry, its tunable permeability that allows Tn5 tagmentation, and single cell droplet barcoding. Through optimizing the HetHydrogel manufacturing procedure, the chemical composition, and cell permeation conditions, simultaneous high‐throughput mitochondrial DNA genotyping and chromatin profiling at the single‐cell level are demonstrated using a mixed‐species experiment. This platform offers a powerful way to investigate the genotype‐phenotype relationships of various mtDNA mutations in biological processes. The HetHydrogel platform is believed to have the potential to democratize droplet technologies, upgrading a whole range of plate‐based single cell assays to high throughput format.
Employment and social trends by region
Authors: Horne Richard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChapter 2 presents labour market trends by broadly defined regions. Headline indicators show an improvement in most regions, with a slight deterioration for 2024 and considerable downside risk. Employment is growing in all regions, although often driven by growth in the working‐age population. Employment‐to‐population ratios are also approaching pre‐pandemic (2019) levels in most regions. Unemployment rates are also recovering to pre‐pandemic levels, with similar subregional exceptions, including non‐GCC Arab States and East Asia, for which ratios remain above 2019 levels. Considerable heterogeneity remains across subregions and different labour market dimensions. Weaker job growth is expected in 2024 owing to various geopolitical tensions and tighter global monetary conditions.
Attosecond Physics and Quantum Information Science
Authors: Lewenstein M. , Baldelli N. , Bhattacharya U. , Biegert J. , Ciappina M. F. , Grass T. , Grochowski P. T. , Johnson A. S. , Lamprou Th. , Maxwell A. S. , Ordóñez A. , Pisanty E. , Rivera-Dean J. , Stammer P. , Tzallas P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article, we will discuss a possibility of a symbiosis for attophysics (AP) and quantum information (QI) and quantum technologies (QT). We will argue that within few years AP will reach Technology Readiness Level (RTL) 4–5 in QT, and will thus become a legitimate platform for QI and QT.
Targeting the NF-κB pathway as a potential regulator of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Ebrahimi Nasim , Abdulwahid Al-Hasnawi Rasool Riyadh , Mansouri Atena , Karimi Nasrin , Bostani Rashid Jafardoust , Beiranvand Sheida , Adelian Samaneh , Khorram Roya , Vafadar Reza , Hamblin Michael R. , Aref Amir Reza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdvances in cancer immunotherapy over the last decade have led to the development of several agents that affect immune checkpoints. Inhibitory receptors expressed on T cells that negatively regulate the immune response include cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), which have been studied more than similar receptors. Inhibition of these proteins and other immune checkpoints can stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells, and prevent the tumor from escaping the immune response. However, the administration of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies has been associated with adverse inflammatory responses similar to autoimmune diseases. The current review discussed the role of the NF-κB pathway as a tumor promoter, and how it can govern inflammatory responses and affect various immune checkpoints. More precise knowledge about the communication between immune checkpoints and NF-κB pathways could increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy and reduce the adverse effects of checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Graphical abstract
Konsensusempfehlungen zur Diagnose und Therapie der Hyponatriämie der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Nephrologie 2024
Authors: Schwarz Christoph , Lindner Gregor , Windpessl Martin , Knechtelsdorfer Maarten , Saemann Marcus D. 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Hyponatriämie ist eine Störung des Wasserhaushaltes. Die Wasserhomöostase wird durch das Zusammenspiel von Nierenfunktion und den zerebralen Strukturen des Durstempfindens und der Produktion des antidiuretischen Hormons aufrechterhalten. Durch die Messung der Serum-Osmolalität, Harn-Osmolalität und Harn- Natriumkonzentration können die meisten Ursachen der Hyponatriämie identifiziert werden. Hyponatriämien führen zu einem Hirnödem und können damit schwere neurologische Symptome verursachen, welche eine akute Therapie benötigen. Aber auch milde Formen der Hyponatriämie bedürfen einer, wenn möglich kausalen, oder zumindest symptomatischen Behandlung. Eine inadäquat rasche Korrektur der Hyponatriämie sollte vermieden werden, da diese das Risiko für ein zerebrale osmotische Demyelinisierung erhöht. Da die Art der Therapie eng mit der Ursache der Hyponatriämie zusammenhängt, ist eine Grundkenntnis der pathophysiologischen Prozesse für eine optimale Behandlung notwendig.
Surgical outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in patients with stable systemic disease
Authors: Saad Amr , Narr Jenny , Frings Andreas , Steinberg Johannes , Katz Toam , Linke Stephan Johannes 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the surgical outcome in terms of safety, efficacy, predictability, and retreatment rate of LASIK surgery in patients with controlled systemic diseases in comparison with healthy individuals.

Methods
The retrospective study included data from 1936 eyes of 976 patients with stable systemic diseases who underwent LASIK surgery between January 2016 and June 2019. The safety, efficacy, predictability of the surgery, and retreatment rate were evaluated in comparison with a control group comprising 1951 patients. The study was approved by the local ethics committee and adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Statistical analysis was performed using R team and the level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
All treatment groups demonstrated high safety and efficacy indices after LASIK surgery. Furthermore, the study arms demonstrated comparable predictability and retreatment rates to the control group in nearly all cases. Retreatment rates were significantly higher in the rheumatoid arthritis group (p = 0.03), while safety indices were significantly lower in the hay fever group compared to the control group (p = 0.004). No intra- or postoperative sight-threatening complications were documented.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that selected patients with stable systemic conditions can safely undergo LASIK surgery and achieve comparable outcomes to healthy individuals. Further research is needed to better understand the treatment outcomes in this challenging patient population.
Salidroside Mediated the Nrf2/GPX4 Pathway to Attenuates Ferroptosis in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Shen Jun , Chen Shasha , Li Xin , Wu Lele , Mao Xue , Jiang Jingjie , Zhu Dabu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractParkinson’s Disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons, with ferroptosis playing a significant role. Salidroside (SAL) has shown neuroprotective potential, this study aims to explore its capacity to mitigate ferroptosis in PD, focusing on the modulation of the Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2)/ Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to induce PD-like symptoms, followed by SAL and Nrf2 inhibitor administration. Then behavioral tests, immunohistochemical staining, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis were conducted to assess motor functions, pathological changes, ferroptosis, and related protein expressions. In vitro, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with erastin to induce ferroptosis to assess the protective effects of SAL. Additionally, A53T-α-synuclein (α-syn) was used to stimulate the PD model, SAL and a Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) was utilized to elucidate the role of the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway in mitigating ferroptosis in PD. In vivo, SAL significantly improved motor functions and reduced the expression of α-syn, while increasing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression of PD mice. Additionally, SAL treatment notably enhanced the levels of antioxidants and reduced MDA and iron content in the substantia nigra of PD mice. In vitro, SAL treatment increased the TH, GPX4, Nrf2 expression, and mitochondrial membrane potential whereas alleviated ferroptosis through the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway, as evidenced in erastin-induced and α-syn overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells. While these effects were reversed upon Nrf2 inhibition. SAL demonstrates significant potential in mitigating PD pathology and ferroptosis, positioning the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway as a promising therapeutic target. However, future studies should focus on the long-term effects of SAL, its pharmacokinetics, addressing the multifactorial nature of PD pathogenesis.
Real-time and accurate deep learning-based multi-organ nucleus segmentation in histology images
Authors: Ahmed Noha Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAutomated nucleus segmentation is considered the gold standard for diagnosing some severe diseases. Accurate instance segmentation of nuclei is still very challenging because of the large number of clustered nuclei, and the different appearance of nuclei for different tissue types. In this paper, a neural network is proposed for fast and accurate instance segmentation of nuclei in histopathology images. The network is inspired by the Unet and residual nets. The main contribution of the proposed model is enhancing the classification accuracy of nuclear boundaries by moderately preserving the spatial features by relatively d the size of feature maps. Then, a proposed 2D convolution layer is used instead of the conventional 3D convolution layer, the core of CNN-based architectures, where the feature maps are first compacted before being convolved by 2D kernel filters. This significantly reduces the processing time and avoids the out of memory problem of the GPU. Also, more features are extracted when getting deeper into the network without degrading the spatial features dramatically. Hence, the number of layers, required to compensate the loss of spatial features, is reduced that also reduces the processing time. The proposed approach is applied to two multi-organ datasets and evaluated by the Aggregated Jaccard Index (AJI), F1-score and the number of frames per second. Also, the formula of AJI is modified to reflect the object- and pixel-level errors more accurately. The proposed model is compared to some state-of-the-art architectures, and it shows better performance in terms of the segmentation speed and accuracy.
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AD22 Stress Response in Brined White Cheese Matrix: In Vitro Probiotic Profiles and Molecular Characterization
Authors: DISHAN Adalet , GÖNÜLALAN Zafer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFunctionalizing foods involve discovering and integrating new candidate health-promoting bacteria into the food matrix. This study aimed (i) to reveal the probiotic potential of autochthonous Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AD22 by a series of in vitro tests and molecular characterization and (ii) to evaluate its application to the matrix of brined white cheese, which is the most common cheese in Türkiye, in terms of survival and stress response. To evaluate in vitro probiotic characteristics, L. paracasei AD22 was exposed to functional, technological, and safety tests. Pilot scale production was conducted to integrate L. paracasei AD22 into the brined white cheese matrix. The expression levels of stress-related genes (dnaK, groES, ftsH, argH, and hsp20) were detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to determine the transcriptional stress response during ripening. The presence of genes encoding stress-related proteins was determined by whole-genome sequence analysis using a subsystem approach; the presence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes was determined by ResFinder4.1 and VirulenceFinder 2.0 databases. The BAGEL4 database determined the presence of bacteriocin clusters. L. paracasei AD22 was found to survive in pH 2 and medium with 12% NaCl and did not cause hemolysis. Adhesion of the strain to Caco2 cells was 76.26 ± 4.81% and it had coaggregation/autoaggregation properties. It was determined that L. paracasei AD22 exceeded 7 log cfu/g in the cheese matrix at the end of the ripening period. Total mesophilic aerobes decreased in the cheese inoculated with L. paracasei AD22 after the 45th day of ripening. While hsp20 and groES genes were downregulated during ripening, argH was upregulated. Both downregulation and upregulation were observed in dnaK and ftsH. Fold changes indicating the expression levels of dnaK, groES, ftsH, argH, and hsp20 genes were not statistically significant during ripening (p > 0.05). Whole-genome sequence profiles revealed that the strain did not contain antibiotic and virulence genes but bacteriocin clusters encoding Enterolysin A (Class III bacteriocin), Carnosine CP52 (class II bacteriocin), Enterocin X beta chain (Class IIc bacteriocin), and the LanT region. Subsystems approach manifested that the most functional part of the genomic distribution belonged to metabolism, protein processing, and stress response functions. The study findings highlight that L. paracasei AD22 will provide biotechnological innovation as a probiotic adjunct because it contains tolerance factors and probiotic characteristics to produce new functional foods.
Non-doxastic Attitude Reports, Information Structure, and Semantic-Pragmatic Interface
Authors: Rostworowski Wojciech , Kuś Katarzyna , Maćkiewicz Bartosz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Truth conditions of sentences ascribing non-doxastic propositional attitudes seem to depend on the information structure of the embedded clause. In this paper, we argue that this kind of sensitivity is a semantic phenomenon rather than a pragmatic one. We report four questionnaire studies which explore the impact of the information structure on the truth conditions of non-doxastic attitude ascriptions from different perspectives. The results of the first two studies show that the acceptability of those ascriptions can be affected by some structural modifications of the embedded clause, in particular, when we replace a simple form by an equivalent complex conjunctional form (‘p and q’). However, it is possible that different evaluations of such ascriptions have a pragmatic source, namely, the ascriptions with embedded conjunction imply that the agent’s attitude transfers to both conjuncts. In the second pair of studies, we further investigate the nature of this implication which can be classified as ‘Conjunction Elimination’ (CE) in the scope of an attitude verb. The results show that CE-inferences in the context of non-factive non-doxastic attitude ascriptions are not easily cancellable and hence of a semantic rather than pragmatic nature. The results are not conclusive when it comes to the factive non-doxastic attitudes. We conclude our findings by some considerations about a potential source of the observed difference between non-factive and factive attitude verbs and the significance of our general findings to the semantic theory of non-doxastic attitude ascriptions.