bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Facile and Efficient Multi‐Gram Synthesis of N‐Protected 5‐(Guanidinocarbonyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic Acids
Authors: Schmuck Carsten , Bickert Volker , Merschky Michael , Geiger Lars , Rupprecht Daniel , Dudaczek Jürgen , Wich Peter , Rehm Thomas , Machon Uwe 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of two versatile building blocks for supramolecular anion binding motifs, 5‐(N‐Boc‐guanidinocarbonyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid (1) and 5‐(N‐Cbz‐guanidinocarbonyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid (2) is reported. Using these building blocks, a guanidiniocarbonyl‐pyrrole anion binding site can easily be introduced into more complex molecules by using standard amide coupling conditions. Both syntheses can be performed on a multi‐gram scale. The products are obtained in pure form and can be stored as solids without decomposition. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A Novel Flow‐Through Planar Solid Contact Sensor for the Determination of Lead with Potentiometric Anionic Response
Authors: Kamel Ayman H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe construction and general performance characteristics of two poly(vinyl chloride) matrix chemical sensors for lead were described. These sensors were based on the use of ion association complexes of trihydroxoplumbate, [Pb(OH)3]− and tetraiodoplumbate, [PbI4]2−with cetylpyridinium chloride (CP) and iron(II)‐4,7‐bathophenanthroline [Fe(bphen)3]2+ as novel electroactive materials dispersed in o‐nitrophenyloctyl ether (o‐NPOE) plasticizer for ionometric sensor controls, respectively. The sensing membrane (3×5 mm) is immobilized on a wafer polyimide chip (size 13.5×3.5 mm) to offer a planar miniaturized design that could be easily used flow injection system. Under static modes of operation, the sensors revealed a near Nernstian response over a wide Pb2+ ion concentration range 7.9×10−7 to 10−4 and 3.2×10−7 to 10−4 mol L−1 with detection limit of 100 and 45.5 ng mL−1, respectively . In flow injection potentiometry, excellent reproducibility (RSD%=0.5%), fast response, high sensitivity, high sampling rate (50 sample h−1) and stable baseline was observed in the presence of 5×10−2 mol L−1 NaOH and 10−1 mol L−1 KI as a carrier for [CP][Pb(OH)3] and [Fe(bphen)3][PbI4] membrane based sensors, respectively. Validation of the assay method according to the quality assurance standards (range, within‐day repeatability, between‐day variability, standard deviation, accuracy, lower detection limit) reveals good performance characteristics and suggests application for routine determination of lead in industrial wastewaters and stack emissions of lead smelters. The results agree fairly well with data obtained by the standard atomic absorption methods.
Electrochemical Reduction of Ellman's Reagent: A Novel Selective Detection Protocol for Thiol Compounds
Authors: Scampicchio Matteo , Lawrence Nathan S. , Arecchi Alessandra , Mannino Saverio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHerein we detail a novel approach to the detection of total sulfhydryl thiol species based on an electrochemical adaptation of the classical Ellman's reaction. The ability to electrochemically reduce the nitro moieties of both the parent 5,5‐dithiobis(2‐nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and the resulting 5‐thio‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid (TNBA) species provides a selective means of detecting thiol compounds. The use of the reductive sweep means that electrode passivation as a result of oxidative electrochemical procedures can be avoided and the selectivity improved through positioning the analytical signal within a region where few interferences reside. The electrochemical protocol enables the detection of the thiols in both acidic and basic media, which the colorimetric method is unable to do.
Electroanalytical Determination of Enrofloxacin in Reversed Phase HPLC
Authors: Sereno Silvia del C. , Sereno Leónides E. , Marioli Juan M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of a glassy carbon electrode is investigated towards the oxidation of enrofloxacin in aqueous solutions of different pH. Two oxidative waves are observed at a potential range from 0.70 V to 1.20 V (vs. SCE), the intensity of each depending on the pH of the solution. These results are used to set the parameters for the amperometric detection of enrofloxacin in HPLC analysis. A wide linear range and high sensitivity are obtained for a calibration plot using the optimized experimental conditions. The limit of detection (S/N=3) obtained using those conditions is approximately 0.2 pmol. The applicability of the methodology is demonstrated in the analysis of enrofloxacin in fortified milk samples.
Contribution of intercepted subsurface flow to road runoff and sediment transport in a logging‐disturbed tropical catchment
Authors: Negishi J. N. , Sidle R. C. , Ziegler A. D. , Noguchi S. , Rahim N. Abdul 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHydrological and sediment fluxes were monitored for a 1 yr period in a tropical headwater catchment where a 3 yr old logging road caused substantial Hortonian overland flow (HOF) and intercepted subsurface flow (ISSF). On a 51·5 m road section, ISSF became an increasingly important component of total road runoff, up to more than 90% for large storms. The proportion of ISSF contributed by road cuts along more or less planar slopes compared with ISSF from a zero‐order basin (convergent slopes) truncated by the road declined with increasing rainfall. During the monitored storms that generated ISSF along the road, on average, 28% of sediment export and 79% of runoff from the road section were directly attributable to ISSF. Estimates of total sediment export from the road surface (170 t ha−1 yr−1) and suspended sediment export from the logging‐disturbed catchment (4 t ha−1 yr−1) were exceptionally high despite 3 yr of recovery. ISSF caused not only additional road‐generated sediment export, but also exacerbated HOF‐driven erosion by creating a poor foundation for vegetation recovery on the road surface. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and risk of Alzheimer's disease in Koreans
Authors: Kim Jae‐Min , Stewart Robert , Kim Sung‐Wan , Yang Su‐Jin , Shin Il‐Seon , Shin Hee‐Young , Yoon Jin‐Sang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) c.677C > T (A222V) polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is controversial. The objectives of the study were to investigate the association between MTHFR c.677C > T polymorphism and AD in Korean elders and to the extent to which it is modified by the major components of one‐carbon metabolism and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.MethodsSeven hundred and thirty‐two community residents aged 65 or over were clinically assessed for AD. Genotyping was performed for MTHFR c.677C > T and APOE; serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine were assayed. Age, gender and education were included as covariates.ResultsA trend of association between TT genotype of MTHFR c.677C > T and AD was found [adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.73 (0.80–3.74)]. The association was significant in the presence of below‐median vitamin B12level [3.66 (1.14–11.71)] and in APOE e4 non‐carriers [2.97 (1.00–8.55)] with significant interaction terms, and bordered on significance in the presence of above‐median homocysteine level [2.73 (0.94–7.90)].ConclusionsThese findings suggest gene‐environment and gene‐gene interactions on the risk of AD in Koreans. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of multifactorial fall prevention on depressive symptoms among the aged at increased risk of falling
Authors: Sjösten Noora M. , Vahlberg Tero J. , Kivelä Sirkka‐Liisa 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to determine the effects of multifactorial fall prevention on depressive symptoms among aged Finns at increased risk of falling.MethodsThis study is part of a multifactorial fall prevention trial with a randomised controlled design implemented in the town of Pori, western Finland. The study population consisted of ambulatory, 65‐year‐old or older Finns, with moderate or high cognitive and physical abilities who had fallen at least once during the previous 12 months. The participants (n = 591) were randomised into a risk‐based multifactorial fall prevention programme (intervention group, IG) or into a one‐time counselling group (control group, CG). The 1‐year intervention included individual geriatric assessment followed by treatment recommendations, individual guidance regarding fall prevention, physical exercise in small groups twice a month, psychosocial group activities and lectures once a month, home‐exercises and home hazard assessment. The outcome, depressive symptoms, was measured by the 30‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).ResultsThe full GDS data with no missing items were available for 464 persons. A significant decrease in depressive symptoms during the 12‐month intervention was found both in IG and in CG, but the difference in change was not significant (p = 0.110). However, a significant difference in change between the groups was found among men and older subjects (≥75) in favour of the IG.ConclusionMultifactorial fall prevention had no effects on depressive symptoms among the community‐dwelling aged. However, men and older participants benefited from the intervention. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A forward application of age associated gray and white matter networks
Authors: Brickman Adam M. , Habeck Christian , Ramos Marco A. , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Stern Yaakov 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo capture patterns of normal age‐associated atrophy, we previously used a multivariate statistical approach applied to voxel based morphometry that identified age‐associated gray and white matter covariance networks (Brickman et al. [2007]: Neurobiol Aging 28:284–295). The current study sought to examine the stability of these patterns by forward applying the identified networks to an independent sample of neurologically healthy younger and older adults. Forty‐two younger and 35 older adults were imaged with standard high‐resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging. Individual images were spatially normalized and segmented into gray and white matter. Covariance patterns that were previously identified with scaled subprofile model analyses were prospectively applied to the current sample to identify to what degree the age‐associated patterns were manifested. Older individuals were also assessed with a modified version of the Mini Mental State Examination (mMMSE). Gray matter covariance pattern expression discriminated between younger and older participants with high optimal sensitivity (100%) and specificity (90.5%). While the two groups differed in the degree of white matter pattern expression (t (75) = 5.26, P < 0.001), classification based on white matter expression was relatively low (sensitivity = 80% and specificity = 61.9%). Among older adults, chronological age was significantly associated with increased gray matter pattern expression (r (32) = 0.591, P < 0.001) but not with performance on the mMMSE (r (31) = −0.314, P = 0.085). However, gray matter pattern expression was significantly associated with performance on the mMMSE (r (31) = −0.405, P = 0.024). The findings suggest that the previously derived age‐associated covariance pattern for gray matter is reliable and may provide information that is more functionally meaningful than chronological age. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Youth smoking, cigarette prices, and anti‐smoking sentiment
Authors: DeCicca Philip , Kenkel Donald , Mathios Alan , Shin Yoon‐Jeong , Lim Jae‐Young 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a new direct measure of state anti‐smoking sentiment and merge it with micro‐data on youth smoking in 1992 and 2000. The empirical results from the cross‐sectional models show two consistent patterns: after controlling for differences in state anti‐smoking sentiment, the price of cigarettes has a weak and statistically, insignificant influence on smoking participation, and state anti‐smoking sentiment appears to have a potentially important influence on youth smoking participation. The cross‐sectional results are corroborated by results from the discrete time hazard models of smoking initiation that include state‐fixed effects. However, there is evidence of price‐responsiveness in the conditional cigarette demand by youth and young adult smokers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does age or life expectancy better predict health care expenditures?
Authors: Shang Baoping , Goldman Dana 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIt is an unresolved issue whether age or (expected) remaining life years better predicts health care expenditures. We first estimate a set of hazard models to predict life expectancy based on individual demographic characteristics and health conditions, and then use regression analyses to compare the predictive power of age and life expectancy in explaining health care expenditures. This paper differs from previous studies in that it uses predicted life expectancy to address the censoring of death; as a result, this paper goes beyond the large health care expenditures at the end of life and the results apply to both deceased and survivors. We find that age has little additional predictive power on health care expenditures after controlling for life expectancy, but the predictive power of life expectancy itself diminishes as health status measures are introduced into the model. These results are not of esoteric interest only for their statistical properties; we show that using life expectancy rather than age results in lower projections of future health care expenditures. This result suggests that increases in longevity might be less costly than models based on the current age profile of spending would predict. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Snow‐distribution and melt modelling for glaciers in Zackenberg river drainage basin, north‐eastern Greenland
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Liston Glen E. , Hasholt Bent 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA physically based snow‐evolution modelling system (SnowModel) that includes four sub‐models: MicroMet, EnBal, SnowPack, and SnowTran‐3D, was used to simulate eight full‐year evolutions of snow accumulation, distribution, sublimation, and surface melt from glaciers in the Zackenberg river drainage basin, in north‐east Greenland. Meteorological observations from two meteorological stations were used as model inputs, and spatial snow depth observations, snow melt depletion curves from photographic time lapse, and a satellite image were used for model testing of snow and melt simulations, which differ from previous SnowModel tests methods used on Greenland glaciers. Modelled test‐period‐average end‐of‐winter snow water equivalent (SWE) depth for the depletion area differs by a maximum of 14 mm w.eq., or ∼6%, more than the observed, and modelled test‐period‐average snow cover extent differs by a maximum of 5%, or 0·8 km2, less than the observed. Furthermore, comparison with a satellite image indicated a 7% discrepancy between observed and modelled snow cover extent for the entire drainage basin. About 18% (31 mm w.eq.) of the solid precipitation was returned to the atmosphere by sublimation. Modelled mean annual snow melt and glacier ice melt for the glaciers in the Zackenberg river drainage basin from 1997 through 2005 (September–August) averaged 207 mm w.eq. year−1 and 1198 mm w.eq. year−1, respectively, yielding a total averaging 1405 mm w.eq. year−1. Total modelled mean annual surface melt varied from 960 mm w.eq. year−1 to 1989 mm w.eq. year−1. The surface‐melt period started between mid‐May and the beginning of June and lasted until mid‐September. Annual calculated runoff averaged 1487 mm w.eq. year−1 (∼150 × 106 m3) (1997–2005) with variations from 1031 mm w.eq. year−1 to 2051 mm w.eq. year−1. The model simulated a total glacier recession averaging − 1347 mm w.eq. year−1 (∼136 × 106 m3) (1997–2005), which was almost equal to previous basin average hydrological water balance storage studies − 244 mm w.eq. year−1 (∼125 × 106 m3) (1997–2003). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A steady‐state analytical slope stability model for complex hillslopes
Authors: Talebi Ali , Troch Peter A. , Uijlenhoet Remko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a steady‐state analytical hillslope stability model to study the role of topography on rain‐induced shallow landslides. We combine a bivariate continuous function of the topographic surface, a steady‐state hydrological model of hillslope saturated storage, and the infinite slope stability assumption to investigate the interplay between terrain characteristics, saturated storage within hillslopes and soil mechanics. We demonstrate the model by examining the stability of nine characteristic hillslope types (landform elements) with three different profile curvatures (concave, straight and convex) and three different plan shapes (convergent, parallel and divergent). For each hillslope type, the steady‐state saturated storage corresponding to given recharge rates is computed for three different average bedrock slope angles. On the basis of the infinite slope stability method, the factor of safety (FS) along the hillslopes is determined. Our results demonstrate that in the steep slopes, the least stable situation occurs in hillslopes with convergent plan shapes and concave length profiles, while the convex ones are more stable. In addition to testing our method for nine characteristic hillslope types, a general relationship between plan shape and profile curvature of landform elements and the factor of safety is derived for a pre‐defined hillslope length scale. Our results show that slope stability increases when profile curvature changes from concave to convex. In terms of plan shapes, changing from convergent to divergent, slope stability increases for all length profiles. However, we find that the effect of plan shape is more pronounced for convex length profiles. Overall, we demonstrate that, in addition to bedrock slope, hillslope shape as represented by plan shape and profile curvature is an important control on hillslope stability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatitis C virus and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Spinelli John J. , Lai Agnes S. , Krajden Mel , Andonov Anton , Gascoyne Randy D. , Connors Joseph M. , Brooks‐Wilson Angela R. , Gallagher Richard P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe investigated Hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositivity and the risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a population‐based case‐control study in British Columbia, Canada. Cases were aged 20–79, diagnosed between March 2000 and February 2004, and resident in greater Vancouver or Victoria. Cases with HIV or a prior transplant were excluded. Controls were chosen from the Client Registry of the British Columbia (BC) Ministry of Health, and were age/sex/region frequency matched to cases. Antibodies for HCV were measured in 795 cases and 697 control subjects. HCV seropositivity was 2.4% in cases and 0.7% in controls [odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9–7.4]. A significantly elevated risk was observed for B‐cell lymphoma (OR = 2.9, 95%CI = 1.0–8.6). The highest risks were associated with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (OR = 7.3, 95%CI = 2.1–25.0) and marginal zone lymphoma (OR = 6.1, 95%CI = 1.1–33.9). Our results provide further evidence that HCV infection contributes to NHL risk. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary glycemic load, glycemic index and colorectal cancer risk: Results from the Netherlands Cohort Study
Authors: Weijenberg Matty P. , Mullie Patrick F.F. , Brants Henny A.M. , Heinen Mirjam M. , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , van den Brandt Piet A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSince hyperinsulinemia is implicated in the development of colorectal cancer, determinants of serum insulin levels, like the glycemic load and the glycemic index of the diet, could influence cancer risk. Our objective was to evaluate whether a diet with a high glycemic load or glycemic index is associated with increased colorectal cancer risk. In the Netherlands Cohort Study, 120,852 subjects completed a food frequency questionnaire in 1986. After 11.3 years of follow‐up, 1,225 colon and 418 rectal cancer cases were available for analysis. A case–cohort approach was used to estimate multivariate adjusted rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for quintiles of energy‐adjusted glycemic load and glycemic index. The RR for colorectal cancer comparing the highest versus the lowest quintile levels of glycemic load and glycemic index were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.64–1.08) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.61–1.08) for men and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.73–1.36) and 1.20 (95% CI: 0.85–1.67) for women. In general, no clear associations with cancer subsites were observed. Glycemic load and glycemic index were borderline significantly associated with an increased risk of proximal colon cancer in women (p‐trend = 0.06 and 0.08, respectively), however, these associations were attenuated after exclusion of the first 2 years of follow‐up (p‐trend = 0.165 and 0.254, respectively). In men, glycemic index was associated with a reduced risk of distal colon cancer (p‐trend = 0.03). Overall, our findings do not support the hypothesis that a diet with a high glycemic load or index is associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of CCR5 receptors on Reed–Sternberg cells and Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines: Involvement of CCL5/Rantes in tumor cell growth and microenvironmental interactions
Authors: Aldinucci Donatella , Lorenzon Debora , Cattaruzza Lara , Pinto Antonio , Gloghini Annunziata , Carbone Antonino , Colombatti Alfonso 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe expression of CCL5/Rantes by Hodgkin (H) and Reed‐Sternberg (RS) cells has been recently documented. In the present study we demonstrated that the CCL5 receptor (CCR5) is constitutively expressed by Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)‐derived cell lines (i.e. L‐428, KM‐H2, L‐1236 and L‐540) as shown by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and western blotting and also detected by immunohistochemistry on primary H‐RS cells from lymph node tissues. sCD40L never significantly affected CCR5 expression, whereas a short exposure to doxorubicin down regulated its expression. CCR5 receptors on HL cell lines were functionally active, since neutralizing anti‐CCL5 monoclonal antibodies inhibited basal proliferation of HL‐derived cell lines and recombinant CCR5 ligands (CCL3/Mip‐1α, CCL4/Mip1β and CCL5/Rantes) increased their clonogenic growth. CCL5 secretion by L‐1236, L‐428 and KM‐H2 cells was stimulated by CD40 engagement and also by coculturing L‐1236 cells on primary stromal fibroblasts from HL‐involved lymph nodes (HLF). Coculture experiments indicated that a direct contact of H‐RS cells induces HLF cells to produce CCL5. Supernatants from L‐1236, L‐428 and KM‐H2 cells stimulated migration of purified CD4+ T‐cells and eosinophils in vitro. The migratory response to HL‐cell lines supernatants was only partially neutralized (CD4+ cells: 70%; esinophils: 36%) by anti‐CCL5 antibodies, reinforcing the notion that multiple chemokines are involved in the recruitment of nonmalignant reactive cells in HL tissues. Taken together, our results indicate a possible involvement of the CCR5/CCR5‐ligands signaling in the regulation of H‐RS cells growth and in the formation/maintenance of the typical tissue microenvironment of HL. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.