bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor size discrepancy between endoscopic and pathological evaluations in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Onda Takeshi , Goto Osamu , Otsuka Toshiaki , Hayasaka Yoshiaki , Nakagome Shun , Habu Tsugumi , Ishikawa Yumiko , Kirita Kumiko , Koizumi Eriko , Noda Hiroto , Higuchi Kazutoshi , Omori Jun , Akimoto Naohiko , Iwakiri Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
Tumor size impacts the technical difficulty and histological curability of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); however, the preoperative evaluation of tumor size is often different from histological assessment. Analyzing influential factors on failure to obtain an accurate tumor size evaluation could help prepare optimal conditions for safer and more reliable ESD.
AIM
To investigate the tumor size discrepancy between endoscopic and pathological evaluations and the influencing factors.
METHODS
This was a retrospective study conducted at a single institution. A total of 377 lesions removed by colorectal ESD at our hospital between April 2018 and March 2022 were collected. We first assessed the difference in size with an absolute percentage of the scaling discrepancy. Subsequently, we compared the clinicopathological characteristics of the correct scaling group (> -33% and < 33%) with that of the incorrect scaling group (< -33% or > 33%), which was further subdivided into the underscaling group (-33% or less of the discrepancy) and overscaling group (33% or more of the discrepancy), respectively. As secondary outcome measures, parameters on size estimation were compared between the underscaling and correct scaling groups, as well as between the overscaling and correct scaling groups. Finally, multivariate analysis was performed in terms of the following relevant parameters on size estimation: Pathological size, location, and possible influential factors (P < 0.1) in the univariate analysis.
RESULTS
The mean of absolute percentage in the scaling discordance was 21%, and 91 lesions were considered to be incorrectly estimated in size. The incorrect scaling was significantly remarkable in larger lesions (40 mm vs 28 mm; P < 0.001) and less experience (P < 0.001), and these two factors were influential on the underscaling (75 lesions; P < 0.001). Conversely, compared with the correct scaling group, 16 lesions in the overscaling group were significantly small (20 mm vs 28 mm; P < 0.001), and the small lesion size was influential on the overscaling (P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
Lesions indicated for colorectal ESD tended to be underestimated in large tumors, but overestimated in small ones. This discrepancy appears worth understanding for optimal procedural preparation.
Could near focus endoscopy, narrow-band imaging, and acetic acid improve the visualization of microscopic features of stomach mucosa?
Authors: Kurtcehajic Admir , Zerem Enver , Bokun Tomislav , Alibegovic Ervin , Kunosic Suad , Hujdurovic Ahmed , Tursunovic Amir , Ljuca Kenana 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
Conventional magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI) observation of the gastric body mucosa shows dominant patterns in relation to the regular arrangement of collecting venules, subepithelial capillary network, and gastric pits.
AIM
To evaluate the effectiveness of a new one-dual (near) focus, NBI mode in the assessment of the microscopic features of gastric body mucosa compared to conventional magnification.
METHODS
During 2021 and 2022, 68 patients underwent proximal gastrointestinal endoscopy using magnification endoscopic modalities subsequently applying acetic acid (AA). The GIF-190HQ series NBI system with dual focus capability was used for the investigation of gastric mucosa. At the time of the endoscopy, the gastric body mucosa of all enrolled patients was photographed using the white light endoscopy (WLE), near focus (NF), NF-NBI, AA-NF, and AA-NF-NBI modes.
RESULTS
The WLE, NF and NF-NBI endoscopic modes for all patients (204 images) were classified in the same order into three groups. Two images from each patient for the AA-NF and AA-NF-NBI endoscopic modes were classified in the same order. According to all three observers who completed the work independently, NF magnification was significantly superior to WLE (P < 0.01), and the NF-NBI mode was significantly superior to NF magnification (P < 0.01). After applying AA, the three observers confirmed that AA-NF-NBI was significantly superior to AA-NF (P < 0.01). Interobserver kappa values for WLE were 0.609, 0.704, and 0.598, respectively and were 0.600, 0.721, and 0.637, respectively, for NF magnification. For the NF-NBI mode, the values were 0.378, 0.471, and 0.553, respectively. For AA-NF, they were 0.453, 0.603, and 0.480, respectively, and for AA-NF-NBI, they were 0.643, 0.506, and 0.354, respectively.
CONCLUSION
When investigating gastric mucosa in microscopic detail, NF-NBI was the most powerful endoscopic mode for assessing regular arrangement of collecting venules, subepithelial capillary network, and gastric pits among the five endoscopic modalities investigated in this study. AA-NF-NBI was the most powerful endoscopic mode for analyzing crypt opening and intervening part.
Enoxacin fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent complexes with Pt(IV), Ru(III) and Ir(III) ions: Synthesis, spectroscopic, physicochemical characterizations and biological studies
Authors: A. El-Habeeb Abeer , S. Refat Moamen 
Published: March 2024

The synthesis, physicochemical characterizations, and biological investigations on the chelation of the antibiotic medication enoxacin (EXN) with certain vital metal ions, such as platinum(IV), ruthenium(III), and iridium(III) are discussed in this study. These compounds structures were interpreted based on elemental analysis and spectral measurements (FTIR, 1H-NMR, UV-Vis electronic, and XRD). The findings show that there is same coordination pathway for the chelation behavior of enoxacin complexes: a monodentate manner. The Pt(IV), Ru(III), and Ir(III) complexes are coordinated through the N atom of the piperazine ring, which is an unusual mode of coordination for this class of compounds. The dissolved complexes in DMSO were found to have non-electrolyte nature based on their molar conductance measurements. The formula for these complexes is [Pt(EXN)3(H2O)2Cl] (1), [Ru(EXN)3(H2O)3] (2), and [Ir(EXN)3(H2O)3] (3). Using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), the nano-scale range of the Pt(IV), Ru(III), and Ir(III) complexes has been determined. Results of in vitro cytotoxicity were examined using MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) and HepG-2 cells (human hepatocellular carcinoma) that had been grown. The cytotoxic activity of the metal complexes demonstrated a cytotoxic effect against the growth of human breast and liver cancer cell lines.
KEY WORDS: Enoxacin, Platinum(IV), Complexity, Spectral analyses, Biological assessments
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 685-699.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.11
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations and biological studies on gold(III), ruthenium(III) and iridium(III) complexes of trimethoprim antibiotic drug
Authors: A. El-Habeeb Abeer , S. Refat Moamen 
Published: March 2024

Ruthenium(III), gold(III), and iridium(III) trimethoprim drug (TMP) complexes were synthesized and analyses via microanalytical approach (C, H, N analysis), magnetic, molar conductance, and FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Through two nitrogen atoms of –NH2 amino groups, the TMP drug coordinated as a bidentate ligand towards the corresponding three metal ions. The geometrical structure of the compounds ruthenium(III), gold(III), and iridium(III) is octahedral and consists of two TMP molecules, two coordinated chlorine atoms, and one uncoordinated chlorine atom. The antibacterial properties of TMP complexes have been investigated through the use of many bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Additionally, the generated complexes' anticancer properties against HepG-2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) have been assessed. In contrast to those of clinically used antibiotics, the inhibition zone of ruthenium and iridium(III) complexes was in the low efficiency range, and the antibacterial activity of gold(III) complexes was moderate. This article discusses the possibilities and prospects for this family of metallodrugs as antibacterial or anticancer medicines.
KEY WORDS: Trimethoprim drug, Chelation, Gold, TEM, XRD, FTIR
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 701-714.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.12
Hepatoprotective perspective of newly synthesized 3-(3,5-bis (tri fluoro methyl) phenyl)- 5-methyl-1-((1-methyl-1h-pyrrol-2-yl) methyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one against diethyl nitrosamine induced liver injury in rats with molecular docking investigatio
Authors: S. Akree Lana , O. Ahmad Hiwa , A. Amin Zahra 
Published: March 2024

The hepatoprotective effect of synthesized 3-(3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-5-methyl-1-((1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl) methyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one (3FL-M) was evaluated against diethyl nitrosamine-induced liver injury (DEN). Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as: placebo (received 10% tween 80%), hepatotoxic control (injected with 200 mg/kg of DEN) and treatment (injected 200 mg/kg of DEN and received 50 mg/kg oral feeding of the synthesized 3FL-M). Half the number of the rats were sacrificed on 2nd week of the experiment, whereas the other half were sacrificed after 6 weeks. Blood was collected to run liver biochemical analysis, and to evaluate pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF-α and interleukine6 IL-6. Liver sections were used to detect nuclear protein ki-67 and hepatocyte specific antibody HSA. 3FL-M was subjected to molecular docking calculations based on binding affinities towards TNF-α and IL-6. DEN-treated rats showed elevation in the liver serum enzymes as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines with clear destruction of the hepatic architecture, in contrast 3FL-M treated rats showed normalized liver enzymes and cytokines levels with resolution of the hepatocytes. Molecular modelling revealed that 3FL-M exhibited the significant affinities toward the binding pocket of the TNF-α and IL-6, however, further studies is recommended for developing it as a chemotherapeutic drug-like molecule.
KEY WORDS: DEN, Hepatoprotective, TNF-α, IL-6, Molecular docking
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 751-763.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.16
Nickel oxide nanoparticles as sustainable catalysts for efficient synthesis and anti-microbial evaluation of 2-amino-4H-pyran derivatives
Authors: M. Abd El-Lateef Hany , A.A. Elkanzi Nadia , Muqbil Alsirhania Alaa , K.  Alali Ibtisam , Alkorbi Faeza , M. Ryad Rasha , A. Saber El Sayed , M. Ali Ali 
Published: March 2024

In the current paper, nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) was successfully applied as a sustainable effective and recoverable catalyst for the preparation of 2-amino-4H pyran derivatives 2-11 via one-pot, three-component reaction of 4-formylphenyl-4-methyl benzenesulfonate (1) with malononitrile and active methylene compounds in green solvent water and ethanol in ratio (3:1) in excellent yield (95-98%) and shorter reaction time (5-8 min). The structures of the pyran derivatives were elucidated by elemental and spectral analyses such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and DEPT 135 spectra. Moreover, the characterization of the catalyst after and before the reaction were studied using X-ray diffraction (X-RD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), EDX techniques and IR-spectra. It has been indicated that catalyst has the same efficiency. The application of this protocol has many advantages such as eco-friendly, inexpensive, simple protocol and easy recovery of the catalyst. Overall products are designed, synthesized and studied for their anti-microbial evaluation. It has been found that is compounds 2, 3, 7 and 10 are the most active against antibacterial compression with the stander drug Ampicillin. On the other hand, Compounds 2, 3, 8, and 11 displayed the most promising antifungal activities with Amphotericin B.
KEY WORDS: Nickel oxide nanoparticles, Pyran derivatives, X-Ray diffraction (X-RD), Antimicrobial evaluation, One-pot, Three-component reaction
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 657-670.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.9
Formulation of category-2 hypoglycemic Improved Traditional Medicines from selected Cameroonian medicinal plants: <i>Mangifera indica, Persea americana</i> and <i>Ageratum conyzoides</i>
Authors: Shu Golda Lum , Zofou Denis , Ufuan Achidi Aduni , Loe Gisele Etame , Foba-Tendo Josepha , Mesue Ebane Ndode , Dioh Mukete Patrick , Mofor Clautilde Teugwa , Manfo F. Pascal T. , Assob Jules-Clement N. , Titanji Vincent P.K. 
Published: March 2024

Diabetes mellitus is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and constitutes a major public health crisis. Management of the adverse condition relies mostly on synthetic drugs such as metformin, glibenclamide and insulin. However, treatment with synthetic drugs is challenged by side effects and high cost especially to patients in low-income countries like Cameroon. This study set out to formulate Improved Traditional Medicines (ITMs) in the form of capsules from lyophilized aqueous leaf extracts of Ageratum conyzoides, Mangifera indica and Persea americana, in combination, coded as ITM-1, and leaf extract of Mangifera indica alone, referred to as ITM-2. Phytochemical profiling of individual extracts was carried out using standard methods, while their antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhadrazyl reducing (DPPH) assay and the Ferric (Iron) reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). Capsule formulation was guided by findings from prior Physicochemical and pharmacotechnical analysis of individual extracts and their combination. Safety studies were carried out both in vitro (cytotoxicity testing in Vero cells); and in vivo (acute toxicity tests using the mouse model). Preliminary evaluation of the antidiabetic potential of the formulated ITMs was achieved through determination of their acute hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic properties in Wistar rats (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test). Major classes of phytochemicals detected were alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tri-terpenes and anthraquinones. The DPPH and FRAP assays showed dose-dependent antioxidant activity for ITM-1 and ITM-2. Both ITMs showed no toxic effects, be it in vitro, (Cytotoxic Concentration 50% - CC50>1000 µg/mL in cells) or in vivo. At the dose of 25 mg/Kg, both ITMs exhibited significant hypoglycemic effects in Wistar rats. The ITM-2 capsules completely suppressed post-prandial glucose peak in rats as compared to the negative control (distilled water), ITM-1 capsule was able to cause restoration of the glucose levels to normal levels after 120 minutes
Orthographic Errors Analysis of English as a Second Language Learners’ writing: lessons from the use of WhatsApp language
Authors: Kouankem Constantine 
Published: March 2024

This article investigates the impact of WhatsApp language on English as a Second Language (ESL) learners’ writing performance. The study is based on the assumption that secondary schools learners’ essay scripts are full of orthographic errors caused by the use of WhatsApp language. Data collection tools included questionnaires and learners essays. The descriptive survey design within the social learning theory and the constructivist theory of error analysis was adopted in the analysis of data. The study concluded that WhatsApp language negatively affects the orthographic performance of the Government Bilingual High School ESL students of Bertoua. The way forward proposes the development of teachers’ skills in error analysis as well as the active involvement of learners in reflecting on the source of their errors as part of the remediation process.
Science Diplomacy in West and Central Africa: <i>State, Trends</i> and <i>Patterns</i>
Authors: Mbah David A. , Diallo Madiagne , Guewo-Fokeng Magellan 
Published: March 2024

Review and reflection have been made on the evolving discipline of science diplomacy from the point of view of state, pattern and trend in West and Central Africa. While the state is embryonic and implemented consciously or unconsciously, the pattern indicates business is done with friends other than former colonial powers. From the three roles of science diplomacy – science in diplomacy, science for diplomacy and diplomacy for science – West and Central African states have been engaged with the latter. The priority areas involved aimed at creating capacity for science, technology and innovation through education and technology transfer. The players involved included governments, private sectors and individual scientists. Challenges were many but most important was the non-respect of commitments made by partners leading to failure to achieve stated objectives and targets. Suggestions for improvement have been made. Most important among these are transparency, clarity and respect of commitments earlier agreed. To benefit from the three roles of science diplomacy, states of the region need to create adequate critical capacity/mass based on a common vision founded on collective aims.
Une revue et une réflexion ont été effectués sur l’évolution de la discipline de la diplomatie scientifique du point de vue de l’état, du modèle et de la tendance en Afrique de l’Ouest et Centrale. Alors que l’état est embryonnaire et mis en œuvre consciemment ou inconsciemment, le modèle indique que les affaires se font avec des amis autres que les anciennes puissances coloniales. Des trois rôles de la diplomatie scientifique - la science dans la diplomatie, la science pour la diplomatie et la diplomatie pour la science - les États d’Afrique de l’Ouest et Centrale ont été engagés avec cette dernière. Les domaines prioritaires concernés visaient à créer des capacités pour la science, la technologie et l’innovation par le biais de l’éducation et du transfert de technologie. Les acteurs impliqués comprenaient les gouvernements, le secteur privé et les scientifiques individuels. Les défis étaient nombreux, mais le plus important était le non-respect des engagements pris par les partenaires, ce qui a conduit à l’échec de la réalisation des objectifs et des cibles fixés. Des suggestions d’amélioration ont été faites. Les plus importantes d’entre elles sont la transparence, la clarté et le respect des engagements pris antérieurement. Pour tirer parti des trois rôles de la diplomatie scientifique, les États de la région doivent créer une capacité/masse critique adéquate fondée sur une vision commune reposant sur des biens communs collectifs.
Anti-diabetic effect of <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> (Red gum) leaf-supplemented diet in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Uadia Patrick O , Emmanuel Chukwu O , Oriakhi Kelly , Imafidon Kate E 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To investigate the potential anti-diabetic effect of supplementing a diet with Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves in streptozotocin (STZ) induced Wistar rats.
Methods: Methanolic extract of E. camaldulensis was screened using gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. After that, eighteen animals were separated into three groups: Group A served as control group. Group B, the diabetic control group, was induced with STZ, and Group C was induced with STZ and fed a 10 % E. camaldulensis leaf-supplemented diet for 14 days. Thereafter, rats were sacrificed, and fasting blood was collected for serum glucose, enzyme and protein activity tests. Organs were excised for biochemical and histological analysis.
Results: The GC-MS fingerprint identified 17 constituents, with 2-hydroxy carbazole being the most abundant. Rats on the E. camaldulensis leaf-based diet for 14 days exhibited a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), amylase, albumin, total bilirubin, urea, and creatinine concentrations compared to diabetic controls. Insulin levels significantly increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, the E. camaldulensis diet led to a significant decrease in serum lipid profile levels but increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities increased significantly, while malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Histopathology revealed positive effects on hepatocytes, acini, pancreatic duodenal lymphoid activation, islets of Langerhans resurgence, and normal kidneys.
Conclusion: Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf-supplemented diet demonstrates anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant enzyme activities. Carbazole identified by GC-MS may be the potential anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic agent in E. camaldulensis leaf-based diet.
Clinical effectiveness of combined Bifidobacterium live bacteria preparation and entecavir therapy in the management of Hepatitis B cirrhosis
Authors: Liu Rongquan , Zhang Jie , Wang Kai , Qian Yun 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of combining Bifidobacterium live bacteria preparation with entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis and its effect on cytokines and liver function.
Methods: 88 patients with HBV-induced cirrhosis admitted to Qinzhou People’s Hospital, Qinzhou, China between January 2021 and January 2023 were divided into control and study groups with 44 patients each. Control group received entecavir, while study group received Bifidobacterium live bacteria preparation in addition to entecavir. Clinical treatment outcomes, liver function, liver fibrosis, immune function, and inflammatory cytokine indices were compared between the two groups.
Results: There was a significant increase in total effective rate of treatment in study group (95.45 %) compared to control group (79.55 %; p < 0.05). After treatment, the study group showed significantly lower levels of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), and type IV collagen (IV-C), and higher levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ compared to control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, study group exhibited significantly lower levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and HS-CRP after treatment compared to control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The combined use of Bifidobacterium live bacteria preparation and entecavir in treating HBV-induced cirrhosis demonstrates significant clinical improvement. This combined approach effectively enhances liver function, improves immune response reduces inflammation and liver fibrosis. Hence, in future studies, efforts will be directed towards improving absorption and reducing the metabolism/excretion of the drug to validate these findings.