bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous characteristics of streambed saturated hydraulic conductivity of the Touchet River, south eastern Washington, USA
Authors: Leek Randal , Wu Joan Q. , Wang Li , Hanrahan Timothy P. , Barber Michael E. , Qiu Hanxue 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTraditionally a streambed is treated as a layer of uniform thickness and low saturated hydraulic conductivity (K) in surface‐ and ground‐water studies. Recent findings have shown a high level of spatial heterogeneity within a streambed and such heterogeneity directly affects surface‐ and ground‐water exchange and can have ecological implications for biogeochemical transformations, nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and reproduction of gravel spawning fish. In this study a detailed field investigation of K was conducted in two selected sites in Touchet River, a typical salmon spawning stream in arid south eastern Washington, USA. In‐stream slug tests were conducted to determine K following the Bouwer and Rice method. For the upper and lower sites, each 50 m long and 9 m wide and roughly 20 m apart, a sampling grid of 5 m longitudinally and 3 m transversely was used. The slug tests were performed for each horizontal coordinate at 0·3–0·45, 0·6–0·75, 0·9–1·05 and 1·2–1·35 m depth intervals unless a shallower impenetrable obstruction was encountered. Additionally, water levels were measured to obtain vertical hydraulic gradient (VHG) between each two adjacent depth intervals. Results indicated that K ranged over three orders of magnitude at both the upper and lower sites and differed between the two sites. At the upper site, K did not differ significantly among different depth intervals based on nonparametric statistical tests for mean, median, and empirical cumulative distribution, but the spatial pattern of K varied among different depth intervals. At the lower site, K for the 0·3–0·45 m depth interval differed statistically from those at other depth intervals, and no similar spatial pattern was found among different depth intervals. Zones of upward and downward water flow based on VHG also varied among different depth intervals, reflecting the complexities of the water flow regime. Detailed characterization of the streambed as attempted in this study should be helpful in providing information on spatial variations of streambed hydraulic properties as well as surface‐ and ground‐water interaction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constructions for rotational Steiner quadruple systems
Authors: Feng Tao , Chang Yanxun , Ji Lijun 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA direct construction for rotational Steiner quadruple systems of order p+ 1 having a nontrivial multiplier automorphism is presented, where p≡13 (mod24) is a prime. We also give two improved product constructions. By these constructions, the known existence results of rotational Steiner quadruple systems are extended. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 17: 353–368, 2009
Negative Latin square type partial difference sets and amorphic association schemes with Galois rings
Authors: Polhill John 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA partial difference set (PDS) having parameters (n2, r(n−1), n+r2−3r, r2−r) is called a Latin square type PDS, while a PDS having parameters (n2, r(n+1), −n+r2+3r, r2 +r) is called a negative Latin square type PDS. There are relatively few known constructions of negative Latin square type PDSs, and nearly all of these are in elementary abelian groups. We show that there are three different groups of order 256 that have all possible negative Latin square type parameters. We then give generalized constructions of negative Latin square type PDSs in 2‐groups. We conclude by discussing how these results fit into the context of amorphic association schemes and by stating some open problems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 17: 266‐282, 2009
Embedding in a perfect code
Authors: Avgustinovich Sergey V. , Krotov Denis S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA binary 1 ‐error‐correcting code can always be embedded in a 1 ‐perfect code of some larger length. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 17: 419–423, 2009
Sensitizer immobilization in photochemistry: evaluation of a novel green support
Authors: Santos Diego T. , Albarelli Juliana Q. , Joyce Kieran , Oelgemöller Michael 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Green chemistry, also known as sustainable chemistry, refers to environmentally friendly chemicals and processes that result in reduced waste, elimination of costly end‐of‐the‐pipe treatments; safer products, and reduced use of energy and resources. In this context this study aims to evaluate a novel green sensitizer support for photochemistry use. For this propose, Rose Bengal (RB) and juglone production were chosen as a model sensitizer and a model photoreaction, respectively.RESULTS: The results showed that the RB‐alginate beads prepared using a solution of 20% CaCl2 had better stability in the solvent t‐amyl alcohol. Comparing all the immobilized systems a larger reaction yield (57.5%) was obtained when the proportion of the beads in the photoreactor flask was 5% (v/v). Although when using suspended RB the reaction yield was better (62%) the environmental friendly attributes and economical advantages of immobilized systems overcome it.CONCLUSIONS: The potentiality of this new kind of sensitizer immobilization was demonstrated and a mechanism based on immobilization of cells was proposed. Furthermore the use of this novel green support presents a greater efficiency and potentially lower costs than the commercial supported RB Sensitox. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic and morphometric variability in Caiman latirostris (broad‐snouted caiman), Reptilia, Alligatoridae
Authors: Amavet Patricia , Vilardi Juan César , Rosso Esteban , Saidman Beatriz 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCaiman latirostris (broad‐snouted caiman) is a crocodilian species from Argentina subject of management plans. The goal of this study was estimating the distribution of genetic variability using RAPD markers and quantitative traits in wild populations of C. latirostris from Santa Fe province, Argentina. We sampled animals from four populations to obtain DNA and morphometric measurements. Eight RAPD primers were used and PCR products were analyzed on 4% polyacrylamide gels stained with silver nitrate. Eleven allometric measurements were obtained in animals within 48 hr after birth. We were able to reveal a relatively high number of variable markers in the studied populations. Our estimates of polymorphism and heterozygosity are higher than recorded values in other crocodilians using isozymes, the studied populations showed low levels of gene flow and some population subdivision. The study of quantitative traits conducted by nested analysis of variance and principal component analysis indicated higher levels of variance among nests within populations than among populations. We found that some head measurements have the highest contribution to morphological differences among populations; this fact could support the role of these traits in reproductive or feeding behavior. Estimated genetic differentiation value (FST) among populations was higher than quantitative trait differentiation value (QST), suggesting a higher contribution of neutral than adaptive loci to the genetic differentiation among populations. Quantitative traits are probably more related with fitness and the differentiation among populations remained relatively lower. The high heritability estimated for some traits indicates great potential to improve them in management plans. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:258–269, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor gene based therapy for acute limb ischemia in a mouse model
Authors: Sacramento Chester Bittencourt , Cantagalli Vanessa Dionisio , Grings Mariana , Carvalho Leonardo Pinto , Baptista‐Silva José Carlos Costa , Beutel Abram , Bergamaschi Cassia Toledo , de Campos Junior Ruy Ribeiro , de Moraes Jane Zveiter , Takiya Christina Maeda , Samoto Vívian Yochiko , Borojevic Radovan , da Silva Flavia Helena , Nardi Nance Beyer , Dohmann Hans Fernando , Junior Hamilton Silva , Valero Valderez Bastos , Han Sang Won 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundGranulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is a pleiotropic factor for hematopoiesis that stimulates myeloblasts, monoblasts and mobilization of bone marrow stem cells. Therefore, the GM‐CSF gene is a potential candidate for vessel formation and tissue remodeling in the treatment of ischemic diseases.MethodsA new mouse limb ischemia was established by surgery and gene transfer was performed by injection of 100 µg of a plasmid carrying GM‐CSF. Muscle force and weight, histology, capillary density, circulating stem cells and monocytes were determined after 3–4 weeks.ResultsMore than 60% of nontreated ischemic animals showed gangrene below the heel after 4 weeks, whereas the GM‐CSF gene‐treated animals showed only darkening of nails or toes. These animals demonstrated a full recovery of the affected muscles in terms of weight, force and muscle fiber structure, but the muscles of nontreated ischemic animals lost approximately 50% weight, 86% force and their regular structure. When the GM‐CSF gene was injected into the contralateral limb, only partial loss was observed, demonstrating a distant effect of GM‐CSF. The capillary density in the GM‐CSF‐treated group was 52% higher in relation to the nontreated group. Blood analysis by flow cytometry showed that the GM‐CSF‐treated group had 10–20% higher levels of circulating monocytes and Sca‐1+.ConclusionsWe conclude that the direct administration of GM‐CSF gene in limb ischemia had a strong therapeutic effect because it promoted the recovery of muscle mass, force and structure by mobilizing therapeutic cells and augmenting the number of vessels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐analyte imprinting capability of OMNiMIPs versus traditional molecularly imprinted polymers
Authors: Meng Andrew C. , LeJeune Jason , Spivak David A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOne monomer molecularly imprinted polymers (OMNiMIPs) have enhanced binding and selectivity properties versus traditionally formulated ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)/methacrylic acid (MAA) imprinted polymers. Further comparison was investigated toward multi‐analyte imprinting capability of these two imprinted materials. Two templates, (R)‐(+)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol and BOC‐L‐tyrosine were simultaneously imprinted in the polymers, and the enantioselectivity compared to polymers imprinted with one template at a time. The simultaneously imprinted OMNiMIP exhibited only 6.3 and 21.1% loss in enantioselectivity for (R)‐(+)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol and BOC‐L‐tyrosine respectively, versus the singly imprinted OMNiMIPs. For the EGDMA/MAA imprinted polymer, enantioselectivity was only found for (R)‐(+)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol, with 59.1% loss in enantioselectivity found for the multiple‐template imprinted polymer versus the (R)‐(+)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol singly imprinted polymer. It was also shown that imprinting two templates simultaneously leads to better enantioselective performance than mixing the particles of singly imprinted polymers. For example, the enantioselectivity of the R enantiomer of 1,1′‐bi‐2‐binapthol on the simultaneously imprinted OMNiMIP gave a separation factor (α) value of 4.4, while the mixed‐particle column gave an α value of 2.6. In addition, it was found that mixing an imprinted polymer with a non‐imprinted polymer resulted in complete loss of chromatographic enantioselectivity in all cases (except the one that still showed severe loss of selectivity). Collectively, the results illustrate that imprinting mixtures of templates simultaneously is the method of choice, especially for OMNiMIPs, for producing multi‐analyte molecular recognition in imprinted polymers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate analysis of the energy cycle of the South American rainy season
Authors: Ramirez Gutierrez Enver , Silva Dias P. L. , Veiga J. A. , Camayo R. , dos Santos A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe South American (SA) rainy season is studied in this paper through the application of a multivariate Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis to a SA gridded precipitation analysis and to the components of Lorenz Energy Cycle (LEC) derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis. The EOF analysis leads to the identification of patterns of the rainy season and the associated mechanisms in terms of their energetics. The first combined EOF represents the northwest–southeast dipole of the precipitation between South and Central America, the South American Monsoon System (SAMS). The second combined EOF represents a synoptic pattern associated with the SACZ (South Atlantic convergence zone) and the third EOF is in spatial quadrature to the second EOF. The phase relationship of the EOFs, as computed from the principal components (PCs), suggests a nonlinear transition from the SACZ to the fully developed SAMS mode by November and between both components describing the SACZ by September–October (the rainy season onset). According to the LEC, the first mode is dominated by the eddy generation term at its maximum, the second by both baroclinic and eddy generation terms and the third by barotropic instability previous to the connection to the second mode by September–October. The predominance of the different LEC components at each phase of the SAMS can be used as an indicator of the onset of the rainy season in terms of physical processes, while the existence of the outstanding spectral peaks in the time dependence of the EOFs at the intraseasonal time scale could be used for monitoring purposes. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Phonon–phonon interactions in Ce0.85Gd0.15O2−δ nanocrystals studied by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Aškrabić S. , Dohčević‐Mitrović Z. D. , Radović M. , Šćepanović M. , Popović Z. V. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPhonon–phonon interactions and phase stability of Gd‐doped ceria nanocrystals were examined over the temperature range 293–1100 K by Raman spectroscopy. The phonon confinement model (PCM) based on size, inhomogeneous strain and anharmonic effects was used to properly describe the anharmonic interactions in this system. The interplay between size and anharmonic effects influenced different phonon decay channels in nano grains than in larger grains. After the gradual cooling down to room temperature (RT), the Raman study revealed the phase separation in this system pointing to the phase instability of Ce0.85Gd0.15O2−δ nanocrystals after heat treatment. The concentration of extrinsic (intrinsic) oxygen vacancies was also studied by Raman spectroscopy during the heat treatment of the Ce0.85Gd0.15O2−δ nanocrystalline sample. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐infrared Raman spectroscopy for gastric precancer diagnosis
Authors: Teh Seng Khoon , Zheng Wei , Ho Khek Yu , Teh Ming , Yeoh Khay Guan , Huang Zhiwei 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is a molecular vibrational spectroscopic technique that is capable of optically probing the biomolecular changes associated with neoplastic transformation. The purpose of this study was to apply near‐infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy for differentiating dysplasia from normal gastric mucosa tissue. A total of 65 gastric mucosa tissues (44 normal and 21 dysplasia) were obtained from 35 patients who underwent endoscopy investigation or gastrectomy operation for this study. A rapid NIR Raman system was utilized for tissue Raman spectroscopic measurements at 785‐nm laser excitation. High‐quality Raman spectra in the range of 800–1800 cm−1 can be acquired from gastric mucosa tissue within 5 s. Raman spectra showed significant differences between normal and dysplastic tissue, particularly in the spectral ranges of 850–1150, 1200–1500 and 1600–1750 cm−1, which contained signals related to proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. The diagnostic decision algorithm based on the combination of Raman peak intensity ratios of I875/I1450 and I1208/I1655 and the logistic regression analysis yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 90.9% for identification of gastric dysplasia tissue. This work demonstrates that NIR Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with intensity ratio algorithms has the potential for the noninvasive diagnosis and detection of precancer in the stomach at the molecular level. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐structural characterization of red decorations of red and green color porcelain (Honglvcai) in China
Authors: Wang Lihua , Zhu Jian , Yan Yan , Xie Yaning , Wang Changsui 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRed and green color porcelain (Honglvcai) is an important type of polychrome porcelains invented in North China during Song and Jin Dynasties. One of its great successes is its red decoration painted on the surface of glaze and fired at low temperature. Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) at Fe K‐edge, were used to characterize the microstructure of red decorations from Song and Jin Dynasties to Ming Dynasty. The analyzing results on eight samples showed that hematite (α‐Fe2O3) was the main chromogenic substance in red decorations from different dynasties, which indicated a similar technological skill among the investigated samples. The oxidation state of iron in red decorations was determined to be mainly trivalent, indicating that red decorations were fired under oxidizing atmosphere. Besides, it was found that the hematite (α‐Fe2O3) in red decorations had a distorted structure, which was presumed to be an important factor influencing the color of red decorations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of adsorption isotherms by means of HPLC: Adsorption mechanism elucidation and separation optimization
Authors: Marchetti Nicola , Cavazzini Alberto , Pasti Luisa , Dondi Francesco 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to illustrate the most important techniques for isotherm determination by means of HPLC. Starting on the traditional Frontal Analysis approach, Frontal Analysis by Characteristic Point, Elution by Characteristic Point, Perturbation Method in its different applications will be considered to conclude with the most recent Inverse Method approach. Since many of these techniques are based on the fundamentals of nonlinear chromatography, a short overview of the theory of nonlinear chromatography is presented. Emphasis is given to the most recent applications of these techniques for pharmaceutical applications, characterization of binding mechanisms, bioaffinity studies, molecular and chiral recognition processes.
Capturing coping with symptoms in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia: introducing the MACS‐24
Authors: Bak Maarten , Delespaul Philippe , Krabbendam Lydia , Huistra Karola , Walraven Wil , van Os Jim 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn order to assess coping with psychotic symptoms, the Maastricht Assessment of Coping Strategies (MACS), 24 symptom version, was developed as a refinement of the previous MACS‐13. Associations between type of coping and the experienced level of control over psychotic symptoms were examined using MACS‐24.MACS‐24 was administered to 32 individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. For each of 24 symptoms, experience of distress, type of coping and the resulting degree of perceived control were assessed. Coping types were reduced to two contrasting coping factors: symptomatic coping and non‐symptomatic coping (combining active problem solving, passive illness behaviour, active problem avoiding, and passive problem avoiding).Mean level of distress and perceived control (range: 1–7) were, respectively, 4.2 [standard deviation (SD) = 1.9] and 4.2 (SD = 1.9). The association between distress and perceived control was negative [β = −0.28; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = −0.41 to −0.15]. Type of coping interacted with perceived control (p = 0.005), in that symptomatic coping was negatively associated with perceived control [odds ratio (OR) over seven levels = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.71–0.94], whereas for non‐symptomatic coping a positive association was apparent (OR over seven levels = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.03–1.19).Previous contrasts between symptomatic and non‐symptomatic coping were replicated using MACS‐24, suggesting clinical validity and utility. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a computer‐adaptive test for the assessment of depression (D‐CAT) in clinical application
Authors: Fliege Herbert , Becker Janine , Walter Otto B. , Rose Matthias , Bjorner Jakob B. , Klapp Burghard F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn the past, a German Computerized Adaptive Test, based on Item Response Theory (IRT), was developed for purposes of assessing the construct depression [Computer‐adaptive test for depression (D‐CAT)]. This study aims at testing the feasibility and validity of the real computer‐adaptive application.The D‐CAT, supplied by a bank of 64 items, was administered on personal digital assistants (PDAs) to 423 consecutive patients suffering from psychosomatic and other medical conditions (78 with depression). Items were adaptively administered until a predetermined reliability (r ≥ 0.90) was attained. For validation purposes, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES‐D) scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered. Another sample of 114 patients was evaluated using standardized diagnostic interviews [Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)].The D‐CAT was quickly completed (mean 74 seconds), well accepted by the patients and reliable after an average administration of only six items. In 95% of the cases, 10 items or less were needed for a reliable score estimate. Correlations between the D‐CAT and the HADS, CES‐D, and BDI ranged between r = 0.68 and r = 0.77. The D‐CAT distinguished between diagnostic groups as well as established questionnaires do.The D‐CAT proved an efficient, well accepted and reliable tool. Discriminative power was comparable to other depression measures, whereby the CAT is shorter and more precise. Item usage raises questions of balancing the item selection for content in the future. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employee absenteeism measures reflecting current work practices may be instrumental in a re‐evaluation of the relationship between psychological distress/mental health and absenteeism
Authors: Hilton Michael F. , Sheridan Judith , Cleary Catherine M. , Whiteford Harvey A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAbsenteeism rates are the cornerstone metrics guiding corporate policy for health care investment in employees. However, traditional absenteeism measures do not reflect the contemporary workplace milieu. It is accepted practice that employees work evenings or weekends to makeup time. Using a hours‐based absenteeism measure, that accounts for time made‐up as well as time lost, this paper evaluates the impact of psychological distress on employee absenteeism.Psychological distress and absenteeism data were collected from 54,264 full‐time employees. Consistent with traditional approaches, employees indicated how many days they were absent. Hours based absenteeism was formulated from the ratio of how many hours the employees worked and how many hours were they expected to work in the past seven‐days.Concordant with previous concinnous evidence, traditional absenteeism computation indicated that elevated psychological distress is associated with increasing absenteeism. Using the hours‐based method psychological distress did not significantly influence absenteeism.Traditional calculations of absenteeism do not reflect the current work practices of the majority of employees. Employees with psychological distress may take time off work but it appears that they make up for lost time possibly to stay up to speed with task driven occupations and avoid performance review. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.