bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histamine H1, H2 Receptor Effects on Mechanics of Ventilation and Gas Exchange in Neonatal Calves
Authors: Slocombe R. F. , Robinson N. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of histamine infusion (iv) on pulmonary mechanical and gas exchange properties of healthy neonatal Holstein-Friesian calves was determined. Histamine increased pulmonary resistance and static pressure-volume hysteresis and decreased dynamic compliance, but failed to change static compliance; changes were compatible with constriction of both large and small airways without a change in lung elasticity.
Histamine decreased arterial oxygen tension by increasing the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference, probably because ventilation-perfusion inequalities resulted from small airway constriction. The pulmonary mechanical and gas exchange effects of histamine were prevented by pretreatment with the H1 receptor antagonist, tripelennamine, but not with the H2 receptor antagonist, metiamide. The histamine-induced changes in static pressure-volume hysteresis and dynamic compliance were reversed by sighing, and histamine effects on the lung were eliminated by 15 minutes after cessation of histamine infusion.
Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immune Response in Swine After Vaccination and Natural Infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Authors: Kristensen B. , Paroz Ph. , Nicolet J. , Wanner M. , de Weck A. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Litters of pigs were vaccinated with inactivated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae organisms in Freund's complete adjuvant. The cell-mediated and humoral immune response following vaccination was investigated, and the protective effect of the induced immunity was assayed. The cell-mediated immune response to whole M hyopneumoniae organisms was determined as incorporation of tritiated thymidine, using a microculture system. After vaccination, detectable sensitization of peripheral blood lymphocytes was induced. The inoculations induced considerable antibody titers in the animals. The animals were challenge exposed by natural infection and protective effect of the cell-mediated or humoral immune response could not be detected.
Comparison of a Microtitration Complement-Fixation Test and a Tube Latex Agglutination Test for Diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Swine Pneumonia
Authors: Slavik Michael F. , Switzer W. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Comparison of a tube latex agglutination (la) test and a microtitration complement-fixation (cf) test for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae swine pneumonia was done. In a group of 107 pigs from Iowa, Texas, and California (survey A), correlation of data on microscopic pulmonary changes with the la and cf titers indicated the la test might be a better indicator of microscopic lesions than the cf test. In another field study involving lungs from 50 pigs from various herds (survey B), both la and cf test results predicted gross lesions at a 0.01 significance level, using chi-square analysis. Data from 3 Nebraska swine herds (survey C) indicated good correlation of gross and microscopic pulmonic lesions with cf and la test results in 2 of the 3 herds. In the 3rd herd, results of the cf test failed to agree with either gross and microscopic pulmonic lesions or culture results, whereas la test results closely correlated with these variables. Chi-square analysis at 0.05 significance level of 106 pigs from 5 Iowa specific-pathogen-free herds (survey D) indicated a correlation of cf and la test results with the microscopic pulmonic changes of penmates.
Effects of Maternal Nutritional Restriction and Cold Stress on Young Calves: Absorption of Colostral Immunoglobulins
Authors: Olson D. P. , Bull R. C. , Woodard L. F. , Kelley K. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fifty-seven newborn calves delivered from heifers fed rations either adequate or restricted in protein or metabolizable energy were housed in cold (1 C) or normothermic (21 C) environmental chambers for 3 days to determine the effects of maternal nutritional stress and cold exposure on ability of the animals to absorb colostral immunoglobulins (Ig). In general, the serum Ig concentrations in the newborn calves from dams fed rations restricted in protein or metabolizable energy and the concentrations in sera of the respective calves from dams fed adequate protein or metabolizable energy were similar throughout the 3-day period of observation. Likewise, the serum Ig concentrations in the cold-exposed calves were similar to those in the calves kept at normothermic temperature. An exponential increase in mean serum concentrations of IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 occurred between 3 and 6 hours of age; the values continued to increase, but at a slower rate after 6 hours and reached a peak by 12 hours of age. Then, IgM and IgG2 decreased until 48 hours, after which time they increased, but IgGl varied only slightly from the peak at 12 hours and then increased. With one exception, data indicated that neither the maternal dietary restrictions nor the cold exposure imposed on the calves caused significant (P > 0.05) differences in absorption of colostral Ig when compared with that of the respective calves from dams fed adequate diet or the calves kept at normothermic temperature.
Diurnal Changes in Rectal and Body Surface Temperatures of Conscious, Chair-Restrained Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Liu C. T. , Sanders R. P. , Robbins V. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A system has been established for continuous recording of rectal and body surface temperatures in conscious, chair-restrained rhesus macaques. Diurnal changes in rectal temperature and body surface temperatures of head, back, abdomen, and inner thigh were recorded for 24 hours under conditions of intermittent or constant light. When lights were on for 8 hours (0800 to 1600 hours) and off for 16 hours, maximal rectal temperatures (37.6 ± 0.3 C) were observed at 0900 hours, whereas minimal rectal temperatures (36.7 ± 0.4 C) were demonstrated between 0200 and 0400 hours. Mean rectal temperatures varied 0.9 C during a 24-hour period. A trend of diurnal changes in body surface temperatures was also observed with low surface temperatures recorded between 0400 and 0800 hours. The surface temperatures (33.8 to 36.5 C) were markedly lower than rectal temperatures (36.7 to 37.6 C) under the same experimental conditions. When macaques were subjected to constant light, high rectal temperatures were recorded between 0900 and 1700 hours and low rectal temperatures were observed between 2400 and 0300 hours with a mean variation of 0.7 C (36.3 ± 0.15 to 37.0 ± 0.2). Diurnal body surface temperature changes during constant light were less pronounced than those of rectal temperatures. Furthermore, low surface temperatures of abdomen and inner thigh recorded between 0200 and 0800 hours were similar to those obtained with macaques exposed to the light-dark conditon.
Laboratory Evaluation of Selected Disinfectants as Virucidal Agents Against Porcine Parvovirus, Pseudorabies Virus, and Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus
Authors: Brown T. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of a variety of disinfectants evaluated, only sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide inactivated porcine parvovirus (ppv) after a 5-minute incubation period. After the same incubation time, pseudorabies and transmissible gastroenteritis viruses were inactivated by all of the disinfectants tested. When the incubation time was increased to 20 minutes, 2% glutaraldehyde and a double-strength concentration of a commercial formaldehyde preparation also inactivated ppv. Formaldehyde vapor and ultraviolet radiations inactivated ppv also, but relatively long exposure times were required.
Tioxidazole: Evaluation of Antiparasitic Activity of a Micronized Formulation in Horses by the Critical Test Method
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Drudge J. H. , Tolliver S. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Antiparasitic activity of a micronized formulation of the benzothiazole compound, tioxidazole, at the dose rate of 11 mg/kg, was evaluated by the critical test method. Drug was given by stomach to 3 horses and on feed to 3 horses. Excellent removal activity was found for Strongylus vulgaris (100%) in 5 naturally infected horses, S edentatus (91% to 100%) in 5 horses, small strongyles (88% to 99%) in 6 horses, immature Oxyuris equi (100%) in 5 horses, and Parascaris equorum (100%) in 5 horses (a 6th horse had 10 small specimens present at necropsy).
There was no measurable activity against bots, tapeworms, or stomach worms. Tioxidazole, administered in the feed, was palatable. Signs of toxicosis were not observed.
Clonidine or Xylazine as Provocative Tests for Growth Hormone Secretion in the Dog
Authors: Hampshire J. , Altszuler N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Base-line values of plasma growth hormone (gh) are low in most species, requiring provocative tests to assess gh deficiency. Clonidine, an antihypertensive drug, and its analogue, xylazine, a sedative hypnotic, were found to stimulate gh secretion. Administration (iv) of clonidine to conscious healthy, dogs at doses of 30, 16.5, and 3μg/kg produced significant increases in plasma gh by 15 minutes and the effects subsided by 120 minutes. Plasma glucose concentration increased slowly with all doses, but less so and for shorter duration in dogs given the 3 μg/kg dose. Xylazine increased plasma gh when injected at doses of 300 and 100 μg/kg, but not at 30 μg/kg. Plasma glucose increased only with the 300 μg/kg dose. The α-adrenergic blocker, phentolamine, markedly attenuated these responses. Thus, both clonidine and xylazine, when used at appropriate doses, can stimulate gh secretion, with minimal effect on plasma glucose and without causing significant sedation.
Relationship of Hypothyroidism to Diabetes Mellitus, Renal Amyloidosis, and Thrombosis in Purebred Beagles
Authors: Hargis A. M. , Stephens L. C. , Benjamin S. A. , Brewster R. D. , Brooks R. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Review of 484 records for colony Beagles revealed an association between hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. The average time between first notation of hypothyroidism and later development of diabetes mellitus was 2.8 years. An association was also made with hypothyroidism, renal amyloidosis, and thrombosis. Hypothyroidism was significantly related to thrombosis, thrombosis was significantly related to renal amyloidosis, but hypothyroidism and renal amyloidosis were not significantly related. Of 62 hypothyroid dogs, 11 were diabetic and 7 others had thrombosis. Six hypothyroid dogs had renal amyloidosis, 4 of which had thrombosis. One dog had renal amyloidosis and thrombosis in the absence of hypothyroidism. There does not appear to be an association with any of the lesions and previous low-dose, whole-body gamma, or sham irradiation.
Localization of Proacrosin on the Inner Acrosomal Membrane of Spermatozoa in Rabbits and Hamsters
Authors: Bradford Marion M. , Dudkiewicz Alan B. , Penny Glenn S. , Dyckes Douglas F. , Burleigh B. Daniel , Wooley Richard E. , McRorie Robert A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Acrosin, and thus proacrosin, was localized on sperm inner acrosomal membranes of rabbits and hamsters by use of the fluorescent site-directed inhibitor, dansyl-l-alanyl-l-lysyl-chloromethylketone.
Bacteriologic Study of Sow Agalactia
Authors: Ross R. F. , Orning A. P. , Woods R. D. , Zimmermann B. J. , Cox D. F. , Harris D. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Necropsy of 13 agalactic and 11 normally lactating sows at 1 to 2 days after parturition revealed that 7 of the agalactic and 4 of the clinically normal sows had lesions of mastitis. Escherichia coli, Streptococcus equisimilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the predominant organisms isolated. The organisms were isolated as pure and as mixed cultures and all 3 were isolated from normal appearing, as well as mastitic, glands. Pure culture isolation of E coli (44 gland segments) was significantly associated with microscopic lesions of mastitis, regardless of the number of colonies isolated, whereas pure culture isolation of Streptococcus equisimilis or S epidermidis in low to moderate numbers was not. Isolation of large numbers of beta-hemolytic streptococci (2 gland segments) or of S epidermidis (6 gland segments) was associated with microscopic evidence of mastitis.
Cultural examination of uterus and cervix revealed 5 isolates of strict anaerobic bacteria, all different species, from 4 of the 24 sows. Culture of 2 mammary glands from each sow revealed no strict anaerobes. Phase-contrast microscopic examination of specimens from mammary glands, uterus, and cervix of each sow revealed no spirochetes. Attempts to isolate mycoplasmas and chlamydiae from mammary gland, uterine tube (fallopian tube), uterus, cervix, and urethra of the 24 sows were negative. The evidence confirms previous reports that coliforms are the most significant bacteria in mastitis of the sow.
Effects of Atmospheric Ammonia on Young Pigs Experimentally Infected with Ascaris suum
Authors: Drummond J. G. , Curtis S. E. , Simon J. , Norton H. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of atmospheric ammonia at 69.4 mg/m3 (100 ppm) on productive performance and respiratory tract health of young pigs (starting body weight averaged 7.5 kg) experimentally infected with Ascaris suum (50,000 embryonated ova administered by gavage when pigs were 5 weeks of age) were studied in 5 trials of 4 weeks each (when pigs were 5 to 9 weeks of age). Effects of atmospheric-ammonia exposure and ascarid infection on growth were additive. Compared with controls, percentage reductions in average daily gain were 32%, 28%, and 61% for ammonia-exposed, ascarid-infected, and combined ammonia plus ascarid groups, respectively. Ammonia exposure or ascarid infection alone depressed feed disappearance by 18%. Effects of the 2 factors were additive, resulting in a 35% reduction in feed disappearance. Pigs exposed to the combined factors had an average gain/feed ratio of 0.518, which was less than that of control pigs (0.546), but was greater than that of pigs exposed to atmospheric ammonia (0.489) or pigs infected with ascarids (0.501) alone. Liver scarring, due to larval migration, was not affected by ammonia exposure. Larval migration through the respiratory tract was not confirmed histopathologically in pigs killed 4 weeks after inoculation. A supplementary experiment was conducted which demonstrated that residual evidence of previous pulmonary larval migration was present 2 weeks after inoculation.
Anemia of Inflammatory Disease in the Dog: Clinical Characterization
Authors: Feldman Bernard F. , Kaneko J. J. , Farver T. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To characterize the erythroid homeostatic defect in canine inflammatory states, a single dose of Freund’s complete adjuvant was injected subcutaneously to simulate naturally occurring infection and inflammation. After a latent period of 5 to 8 days, a generalized noninfectious inflammatory process was observed, followed by abscessation and drainage. This was accompanied by a modest anemia which decreased from base-line values by as much as 30%. In addition, a disordered iron metabolism was evidenced by depressed serum iron concentrations, total iron binding capacity (transferrin), percentage saturation of transferrin, and decreased numbers of bone marrow sideroblasts. Free rbc protoporphyrin concentrations were increased, as were serum copper, zinc, and ceruloplasmin. Bone marrow reticuloendothelial iron and hepatic nonheme iron were increased. Bone marrow myeloid-erythroid ratios were depressed. Throughout the course of the inflammatory period, the anemia remained normocytic and normochromic. A significant reticulocyte response was not observed.
Effect of Selenium-Vitamin E on Hematologic Alterations of Adriamycin Toxicosis in Young Pigs
Authors: Van Vleet John F. , Greenwood Linda A. , Rebar Alan H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 3 experiments, 45 castrated male weanling pigs (4 to 6 weeks old) were used to determine the hematologic alterations induced by adriamycin (adr) given iv at 0.64, 1.6, or 3.2 mg/kg of body weight/week. The effect of selenium-vitamin E (Se-E) supplements on adr toxicosis was evaluated. Mortality, decreased survival time, growth depression, leukopenia, and anemia were dose related in adr-treated pigs. At 0.64 mg of adr/kg/week for 16 weeks, important clinical or hematologic alterations did not develop. At 1.6 mg of adr/kg/week for 13 weeks, mortality was 100%, mean survival time ws 65.7 days (min-max, 49 to 92 days), and moderate growth depression and marked leukopenia and anemia were present from weeks 7 to 13. At 3.2 mg of adr/kg/week for 4 weeks, mortality was 100% and mean survival time was 22.0 days (min-max, 18 to 26 days); marked growth depression, leukopenia, and mild anemia developed (week 4).
Cytologic study of smears of bone marrow from pigs that died of adr toxicosis (3.2 mg/kg/week) revealed marked hypoplasia and evidence of decreased production and increased destruction of erythroid and myeloid cells.
Beneficial effect of Se-E supplementation against adr toxicosis was seen only in the pigs given 1.6 mg/kg/week, where prolonged survival and delayed onset of leukopenia and anemia was observed.
Lesions in the Small Intestine of Newborn Pigs Inoculated with Porcine, Feline, and Canine Coronaviruses
Authors: Woods R. D. , Cheville N. F. , Gallagher J. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The infectivity and pathogenicity to newborn pigs of antigenically related coronaviruses from pigs (transmissible gastroenteritis virus; tgev), cats (feline infectious peritonitisvirus; fipv), and dogs (canine gastroenteritis virus; cgev) were studied by light, scanning electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Hysterectomy-derived, 12-hour-old pigs were orally given tissue culture or frozen preparations of 6 coronavirus strains (3 porcine, 2 feline, and 1 canine). The pigs were killed at regular intervals between 24 and 144 hours after exposure. Virulent tgev and virulent fipv produced necrosis of villous epithelium, resulting in villous atrophy in the jejunum and the ileum. Similar, but less extensive and severe lesions, were produced by the 4 other viruses. Coronaviral antigens were identified by immunofluorescence in villous epithelial cells of pigs that had been inoculated with virulent tgev, attenuated tgev, virulent fipv, and tissue culture-adapted fipv. In contrast, corona-viral antigens were not induced by the small plaque variant tgev and virulent cgev in the villous epithelium, but rather in cells of the lamina propria and crypt epithelium.
Anthelmintic Activity of Mebendazole Against Induced and Naturally Occurring Helminth Infections in Cats
Authors: London Charles E. , Roberson Edward L. , McCall John W. , Guerrero Jorge , Pancari Gregory , Michael Bruce , Newcomb Kathleen 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A formulation of mebendazole was used to determine the optimal dosage level against induced and/or naturally occurring infections of Toxocara cati, Ancylostoma tubaeforme, and Taenia taeniaeformis in cats. Amounts of 11 mg/kg of body weight/day or 22 mg/kg/day were given for 2, 3, or 4 days. Feces were collected for 7 days and were examined for expelled parasites. Cats were necropsied to recover retained parasites. A regimen of 22 mg/kg/day for 3 days was determined to be optimal with efficacies of 100%, 99%, and 50% against T cati, A tubaeforme, and Taenia taeniaeformis, respectively.
Purification and Further Characterization of Phenol Extract from Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Singh S. P. , Moore B. L. , Siddique I. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A phenol-water extract of Listeria monocytogenes virulent strain 9-125 (serotype 4b) was purified by 3 cycles of ultracentrifugation. The purified extract reacted positively in Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay at a concentration of 1 μg/ml. This value was 1,000 times higher than that for Salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide. The phenol extract was toxic to chicken embryos (median lethal dose was 40.5 μg) and contained carbohydrates (heptose, hexose, hexosamine, methylpentose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanate, dideoxyhexose), lipid, 16 amino acids in the protein moiety, glucosamine, galactosamine, phosphorus, and ribonucleic acid.
Introduction and Reisolation of Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria from Fermented Edible Wastes
Authors: Talkington F. D. , Shotts E. B. , Wooley R. E. , Whitehead W. K. , Dobbins C. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A Lactobacillus fermentation process, using edible food wastes, was tested for its ability to eliminate selected bacterial pathogens. This fermentation process converts food wastes into a feed ingredient for animal consumption. Six gram-negative bacterial pathogens of potential zoonotic importance were tested. These experimental organisms were: Salmonella enteritidis serovar typhimurium, S enteritidis serovar anatum, S cholerae-suis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Y pseudotuberculosis, and Pasteurella multocida.
Each organism was introduced into ground waste that had been previously inoculated with L acidophilus, and was mixed. This mixture was divided among 8 containers, and was incubated in duplicate at 5 C, 10 C, 20 C, and 30 C for 96 hours. The temperature of the reactant containers, reduction-oxidation potential, and pH were monitored. Waste samples were obtained initially and subsequently at 24-hour periods for 96 hours.
Qualitative and quantitative recovery attempts from each sample were made for the introduced gram-negative bacteria. Pasteurella multocida and the S enteritidis serovars typhimurium and anatum survived the fermentation at 5 C and 10 C, but were killed after 48 hours at 20 C and 30 C. Salmonella cholerae-suis survived at 5 C, but was destroyed by 72 hours at the remaining temperatures. Yersinia enterocolitica was viable through 70 hours, but was killed by 96 hours. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was not reisolated at any temperature.
Neutrophil Bactericidal Capability in Experimentally Induced Salmonellosis in Pigs
Authors: Smith Graham S. , Lumsden John H. , Wilcock Brian P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In vitro neutrophil bactericidal capability was determined in healthy, newly weaned pigs and in pigs orally inoculated with Salmonella anatum and S typhimurium. Neutrophil bactericidal capability in pigs at 6, 30, and 48 hours and 7 and 15 days after S anatum inoculation was not significantly different from that of control pigs tested at the same times. Neutrophil bactericidal activity was significantly enhanced at 48 hours after S typhimurium was inoculated.
Occurrence of Antibody to Trypanosoma cruzi in Dogs in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Tomlinson Michael J. , Chapman Willie L. , Hanson William L. , Gosser Harvey S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Seven of 365 dogs from Georgia and other southeastern states were seropositive for antibody to Trypanosoma cruzi by the complement-fixation (cf) test. Sera from 24 dogs, including the 7 dogs seropositive by cf test, were reactive at dilutions of 1:128 or 1:256 by the direct-agglutination (da) test. Dogs with positive cf titers were significantly (P < 0.05) younger than were the dogs in the total population surveyed. The occurrence of antibody to T cruzi was similar, regardless of the dogs' origin, sex, or length of hair. Dogs with specific antibody to T cruzi did not have clinical signs of disease related to the cardiovascular or gastrointestinal systems, the systems most frequently affected in American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease).
Sera from an additional 20 dogs from Minnesota were examined by the da test. One of these sera had a reaction at a dilution of 1:2, and 19 sera had no reaction in the da test for antibody to T cruzi.