bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment on ‘Anomalous diffusion originated by two Markovian hopping-trap mechanisms’
Authors: Shkilev V P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The authors of the paper (Vitali et al 2022 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
55 224012) analyzed a simple CTRW model with a waiting time distribution defined as the weighted sum of two exponential distributions. They showed that their model meets many paradigmatic features that belong to the anomalous diffusion as it is observed in living systems. This comment point out the previous paper that considers a similar model and improves on the authors’ result regarding the time dependence of the mean-square displacement.
Research on laser repair technology for surface defects of flywheel disc steel plate
Authors: Mao Yuhang , Shi Guangfeng , Guan Yanji , Lü Hongbing , Li Junye 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Flywheel disc steel plate, used in the rear end of the engine disc-shaped parts, is one of the important components that make up the engine. However, during the manufacturing process, its surface is prone to defects such as scratches and dents. The defects position of the steel plate will produce the phenomenon of stress concentration, which directly leads to its scrapping. To solve this problem, a laser repair method is proposed, which uses laser with high energy density to repair surface defects. Firstly, the repairable defect depth under different laser parameters is predicted by finite element simulation. The temperature of the steel plates increases with the increase of the laser power density and decreases with the increase of the scanning speed. When the laser power density is

5.57
×

10

11

W m−2 and the scanning speed is 120 mm s−1, surface defects of various depths can be repaired, and the size of the melt pool is moderate. Then, process experiments were conducted, and the results showed that good repair effects can be achieved when the laser power is 14 W, the repetition frequency is 130 kHz, the scanning speed is 120 mm s−1, and the scanning spacing is 0.02 mm. Finally, the surface with original surface roughness of 2.370 μm can be repaired by laser to obtain a flawless smooth surface with surface roughness of 0.731 μm, which provides an effective method for enterprises to repair flywheel disc steel plates.
Investigations on MoS2 plasma by infra-red pulsed laser irradiation in high vacuum
Authors: TORRISI Lorenzo , SILIPIGNI Letteria , TORRISI Alfio , CUTRONEO Mariapompea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
MoS2 targets were irradiated by infra-red (IR) pulsed laser in a high vacuum to determine hot plasma parameters, atomic, molecular and ion emission, and angular and charge state distributions. In this way, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of thin films on graphene oxide substrates was also realized. An Nd:YAG laser, operating at the 1064 nm wavelength with a 5 ns pulse duration and up to a 1 J pulse energy, in a single pulse or at a 10 Hz repetition rate, was employed. Ablation yield was measured as a function of the laser fluence. Plasma was characterized using different analysis techniques, such as time-of-flight measurements, quadrupole mass spectrometry and fast CCD visible imaging. The so-produced films were characterized by composition, thickness, roughness, wetting ability, and morphology. When compared to the MoS2 targets, they show a slight decrease of S with respect to Mo, due to higher ablation yield, low fusion temperature and high sublimation in vacuum. The pulsed IR laser deposited MoS
x
(with 1 < x < 2) films are uniform, with a thickness of about 130 nm, a roughness of about 50 nm and a higher wettability than the MoS2 targets. Some potential applications of the pulsed IR laser-deposited MoS
x
films are also presented and discussed.
Revealing precipitation behavior and mechanical response of wire-arc directed energy deposited Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy by tailoring aging procedures
Authors: Li Xinzhi , Fang Xuewei , Zhang Zhiyan , Ghafoor Shahid , Chen Ruikai , Liu Yi , Tang Kexin , Li Kai , Ma Minghua , Shang Jiahao , Huang Ke 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy, as a typical magnesium rare-earth (Mg-RE) alloy, is gaining popularity in the advanced equipment manufacturing fields owing to its noticeable age-hardening properties and high specific strength. However, it is extremely challenging to prepare wrought components with large dimensions and complex shapes because of the poor room-temperature processability of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy. Herein, we report a wire-arc directed energy deposited (DED) Mg-10.45Gd-2.27Y-0.52Zr (wt.%, GW102K) alloy with high RE content presenting a prominent combination of strength and ductility, realized by tailored nanoprecipitates through an optimized heat treatment procedure. Specifically, the solution-treated sample exhibits excellent ductility with an elongation (EL) of (14.6 ± 0.1)%, while the aging-treated sample at 200 °C for 58 h achieves an ultra-high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of (371 ± 1.5) MPa. Besides, the aging-treated sample at 250 °C for 16 h attains a good strength-ductility synergy with a UTS of (316 ± 2.1) MPa and a EL of (8.5 ± 0.1)%. Particularly, the evolution mechanisms of precipitation response induced by various aging parameters and deformation behavior caused by nanoprecipitates type were also systematically revealed. The excellent ductility resulted from coordinating localized strains facilitated by active slip activity. And the ultra-high strength should be ascribed to the dense nano-β′ hampering dislocation motion. Additionally, the shearable nano-β
1 contributed to the good strength-ductility synergy. This work thus offers insightful understanding into the nanoprecipitates manipulation and performance tailoring for the wire-arc DED preparation of large-sized Mg-Gd-Y-Zr components with complex geometries.
Principle and verification of behavior model of gate-controlled SCR with adjustable on-resistance
Authors: Bao Xingtao , Wang Yang , Liu Yujie , Jin Xiangliang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper delineates the implementation of a gate-controlled Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) behavioral model using Cadence software. The model is designed to tackle the absence of gate-control effect characteristics in extant models. This enables more precise simulation of the snapback behavior of such gate-controlled SCR devices under electrostatic discharge (ESD) stress. This work fabricates three types of SCR devices: Traditional SCR(T-SCR), Single-Gate SCR (SG-SCR), and a Double-Gate SCR (DG-SCR). These devices are fabricated using the 0.18 μm CMOS process and varied in the number of gates. The physical principles of the device are validated through two-dimensional electrical simulations. Furthermore, the model results are confirmed by the transmission line pulse (TLP) test results of the final device. The results demonstrate that the simulation results of the gate-controlled SCR behavioral model fit the TLP test results of the three SCR devices. The model’s applicability across different number of fingers devices confirms its scalability. Further, the model was simulated with the HBM equivalent circuit, and the comparison with the actual results confirmed the model’s applicability to HBM simulation.
Material extrusion 3D printing of ceramic structures with overhangs: rheological aspect and introduction of powder-on-demand supporter
Authors: Lee Gyeongyeong , Fernandez Frances Danielle , Kim Jihoon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), represented as a manufacturing process, which is easily applicable to intricate designs, is widely considered in a variety of industries as a simple and cost-effective solution that complements or replaces traditional manufacturing processes. However, due to the demanding properties of ink materials employing ceramic materials, more stringent considerations are required in selecting an appropriate printing technique and implementing the rheological properties of the ceramic ink suitable for the selected printing technique. Here, material extrusion (ME) was selected as a 3D technique applicable to ceramic materials, and the rheological requirements of ceramic pastes that maximize their printability in ME were scrutinized in detail. It was found that the viscoelastic properties of the ceramic pastes played an important role in determining the flowability, cumulative height, and overhang angles that can be allowed in ME. A new supporter system for overhangs, powder-on-demand supporter (PODS), was introduced to ME and demonstrated to understand if PODS can further extend the limits in cumulative height and overhang angles allowed in ME.
Accurate Desire
Authors: Hazlett Allan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides an articulation of the claim that goodness is the accuracy condition for desire, in the same sense that truth is the accuracy condition for belief. A number of assumptions about desire and goodness are stated and motivated, including that desire is propositional and that it makes sense to speak of a state of affairs being good. The existence of “axial gaps”—cases in which something is neither good nor bad—is assumed and the existence of “axial gluts”—cases in which something is both good and bad—is considered. The chapter concludes with a response to a familiar objection to the view that desire is a species of evaluation, on which it is possible to desire something because it is bad.
Introduction
Authors: Bennett Michael Y 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This Introduction begins with a short reading of Suzan-Lori Parks’ play, Topdog/Underdog, to examine how theatre operates. This short analysis opens up two questions for this book: What is the relationship between theatre’s words and the (conceptual) empty spaces between the lines? and How does this relationship play out with real bodies, in real space, moving through real time, both in performance and in the readers’ imaginations? These questions yield the three main topics for this book: (1) theatre as an art form, (2) the properties of theatrical characters and theatrical worlds, and (3) the difference between truth and truthfulness in the theatre. Ultimately, this book aims to offer the first (contemporary) systematic account of theatret. This Introduction, then, lays out the claims and the scope of the book. It details the organization of the book and provides chapter summaries.
The Nature of Viewing Theatre
Authors: Bennett Michael Y 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the epistemology of theatre. It streamlines a previously published concept, for this book’s present purposes, of individual and group triangulation that is needed to understand a performance, as witnessed by two or more viewers. It turns to ideas about Bayesian epistemology to explain how different viewers of a performance do not share the same experiences. That is, while performance may be a public event, performance is not a shared individual experience, as viewers not only come in with differing amounts and types of knowledge but will also be looking for different amounts and types of information during the performance. Given the claim that a piece of theatre never really ends, this chapter discusses how theatre is a living document and a malleable idea.
Distinctness in Theatre
Authors: Bennett Michael Y 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the propositional content of a particular p (e.g., p1, p2, p3 . . .), whether or not it is true, is only understood—and understood to be true—if p1 is uttered in a particular time, place, and situation (i.e., during a theatrical event); otherwise, the propositional content in those theatrical utterances can either be false or contingently true. This chapter also looks at the tense of theatre as being in the past subjunctive. A history play, or a play that invokes historical events, is generally based upon a set of distinct facts, often about an object (often a person) and/or an event. Outside of those, usually quite limited number of distinct facts (dates, names, such and such events, etc.), most of the truthfulness of a play comes from a set of subsumed properties that are not (necessarily) true but display, rather, truthfulness.
Subsumption in Theatre
Authors: Bennett Michael Y 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
David Friedell has recently discussed the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic properties of art, specifically in music. Friedell claims that normative social rules dictate who can change the intrinsic or extrinsic properties of a piece of music. This chapter claims that in text-based theatre—as a particular art form—the dividing line between intrinsic and extrinsic properties of a play is sometimes tenuous. This tenuousness is due to a play’s bifurcated existence as a dramatic text and as many theatrical performances. Moving from investigating the truth found in a play to thinking about a problematic character type, the chapter examines a problem case that the offstage character poses for conversations surrounding indeterminate identity. It examines indeterminate identity, not by asking whether two characters can be identical, but by claiming that it is indeterminate whether the offstage character, Godot, corresponds to multiple fictional entities.
Truthfulness in Theatre
Authors: Bennett Michael Y 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Beginning by asking, “Who is Hamlet?” which is a question that has, for centuries, been asked and never fully (or satisfactorily) been definitively answered, what if, rather, we ask, “Who cannot be Hamlet?” By thinking about acting and the character through the concepts of subsumption and distinctness, this chapter creates a spectrum where “Who is Hamlet?” and “Who cannot be Hamlet?” are the two poles that contain distinct properties. The chapter then examines uninvestigated spaces of theatrical stages that have not been experienced and/or do not exist, except in the imagination of, say, audience members. It is not just, for example, offstage characters that are caught in the crosshairs of the imagination of the different viewers; so, too, whether passively or actively, the empty spaces of the stage are often filled in more completely by imagination. Importantly, multiple viewers are all doing this, too.
Conclusion
Authors: Bennett Michael Y 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter concludes by thinking ethically—about value in, and the value of, theatre—by suggesting that because of the many empty conceptual spaces in theatre that both participating in and watching theatre require and encourage curious behaviors. In investigating what curiosity is and how theatre helps develop individually and societally needed curious behaviors, the chapter likens theatre to some games that are found in some well-known plays (e.g., card games, chess, etc.). It also creates ten logical expressions that explain theatre’s rules of engagement. Finally, until now, curiosity has mostly been seen as a mental process or drive. This chapter claims that curiosity refers to a cluster of different behaviors that are all loosely connected to the creation and/or acquisition of knowledge. By thinking about how the blank spaces of theatre require both participants and viewers to create and/or acquire knowledge, the chapter concludes by considering how theatre itself promotes curious behaviors.
High toxin concentration in pollen may deter collection by bees in butterfly-pollinated Rhododendron molle
Authors: Feng Hui-Hui , Lv Xiao-Wen , Yang Xiao-Chen , Huang Shuang-Quan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Backgrounds and Aims
The hypothesis that plants evolve features that protect accessible pollen from consumption by flower visitors remains poorly understood.

Methods
To explore potential chemical defence against pollen consumption, we examined the pollinator assemblage, foraging behaviour, visitation frequency and pollen transfer efficiency in Rhododendron molle, a highly toxic shrub containing rhodojaponin III. Nutrient (protein and lipid) and toxic components in pollen and other tissues were measured.

Key Results
Overall in the five populations studied, floral visits by butterflies and bumblebees were relatively more frequent than visits by honeybees. All foraged for nectar but not pollen. Butterflies did not differ from bumblebees in the amount of pollen removed per visit, but deposited more pollen per visit. Pollination experiments indicated that R. molle was self-compatible, but both fruit and seed production were pollen-limited. Our analysis indicated that the pollen was not protein-poor and had a higher concentration of the toxic compound rhodojaponin III than petals and leaves, this compound was undetectable in nectar.

Conclusion
Pollen toxicity in Rhododendron flowers may discourage pollen robbers (bees) from taking the freely accessible pollen grains, while the toxin-free nectar rewards effective pollinators, promoting pollen transfer. This preliminary study supports the hypothesis that chemical defence in pollen would be likely to evolve in species without physical protection from pollinivores.
Specific deletion of Mettl3 in IECs triggers the development of spontaneous colitis and dysbiosis of T lymphocytes in mice
Authors: Fang Miao , Yao Jie , Zhang Haifeng , Sun Jiahui , Yin Yiping , Shi Hongzhou , Jiang Guangqing , Shi Xin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The enzymatic core component of m6A writer complex, Mettl3, plays a crucial role in facilitating the development and progress of gastric and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its underlying mechanism in regulating intestinal inflammation remains unclear and poorly investigated. First, the characteristics of Mettl3 expression in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients were examined. Afterward, we generated the mice line with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs)-specific deletion of Mettl3 verified by various experiments. We continuously recorded and compared the physiological status including survival rate etc. between the two groups. Subsequently, we took advantage of staining assays to analyze mucosal damage and immune infiltration of Mettl3WT and Mettl3KO primary IECs. Bulk RNA sequencing was used to pursuit the differential expression of genes (DEGs) and associated signaling pathways after losing Mettl3. Pyroptosis-related proteins were to determine whether cell death was caused by pyroptosis. Eventually, CyTOF was performed to probe the difference of CD45+ cells, especially CD3e+ T-cell clusters after losing Mettl3. In IBD patients, Mettl3 was highly expressed in the inner-nucleus of IECs while significantly decreased upon acute intestinal inflammation. IECs-specific deletion of Mettl3 KO mice triggered a wasting phenotype and developed spontaneous colitis. The survival rate, body weight, and intestinal length observed from 2 to 8 weeks of Mettl3KO mice were significantly lower than Mettl3WT mice. The degree of mucosal damage and immune infiltration in Mettl3KO were even more serious than in their WT littermate. Bulk RNA sequencing demonstrated that DEGs were dramatically enriched in NOD-signaling pathways due to the loss of Mettl3. The colonic epithelium was more prone to pyroptosis after losing Mettl3. Subsequently, CyTOF revealed that T cells have altered significantly in Mettl3KO. Furthermore, there was abnormal proliferation of CD4+ T and markedly exhaustion of CD8 + T in Mettl3KO mice. In severe IBD patients, Mettl3 is located in the inner-nucleus of IECs and declined when intestinal inflammation occurs. Subsequently, Mettl3 prevented mice from developing colitis.
Endothelin receptor antagonists in diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ivković Vanja , Bruchfeld Annette 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, affecting &gt;800 million persons globally. While we still lack efficient, targeted therapies addressing the major underlying pathophysiologic processes in CKD, findings of several recent trials have brought about a shifting landscape of promising therapies. The endothelin system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of CKD and endothelin receptor antagonists are one class of drugs for which we have increasing evidence of efficacy in these patients. In this review we summarize the most recent findings on the safety and efficacy of endothelin receptor antagonists in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD, future directions of research and upcoming treatments.
Stem cell factor and cKIT modulate endothelial glycolysis in hypoxia
Authors: Jeong Hayoung , Kim Ryul-I , Koo Hyunwoo , Choi Yang Hee , Kim Minju , Roh Hyejin , Park Sang Gyu , Sung Jong-Hyuk , Kim Koung Li , Suh Wonhee 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
In hypoxia, endothelial cells (ECs) proliferate, migrate, and form new vasculature in a process called angiogenesis. Recent studies have suggested that ECs rely on glycolysis to meet metabolic needs for angiogenesis in ischaemic tissues, and several studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms integrating angiogenesis and endothelial metabolism. Here, we investigated the role of stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor, cKIT, in regulating endothelial glycolysis during hypoxia-driven angiogenesis.

Methods and results
SCF and cKIT signalling increased the glucose uptake, lactate production, and glycolysis in human ECs under hypoxia. Mechanistically, SCF and cKIT signalling enhanced the expression of genes encoding glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glycolytic enzymes via Akt- and ERK1/2-dependent increased translation of hypoxia inducible factor 1A (HIF1A). In hypoxic conditions, reduction of glycolysis and HIF-1α expression using chemical inhibitors significantly reduced the SCF-induced in vitro angiogenesis in human ECs. Compared with normal mice, mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), characterized by ischaemia-driven pathological retinal neovascularization, displayed increased levels of SCF, cKIT, HIF-1α, GLUT1, and glycolytic enzymes in the retina. Moreover, cKIT-positive neovessels in the retina of mice with OIR showed elevated expression of GLUT1 and glycolytic enzymes. Further, blocking SCF and cKIT signalling using anti-SCF neutralizing IgG and cKIT mutant mice significantly reduced the expression of HIF-1α, GLUT1, and glycolytic enzymes and decreased the pathological neovascularization in the retina of mice with OIR.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that SCF and cKIT signalling regulate angiogenesis by controlling endothelial glycolysis in hypoxia and elucidated the SCF/cKIT/HIF-1α axis as a novel metabolic regulation pathway during hypoxia-driven pathological angiogenesis.