bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cobalt(II) Complexes with N‐Thioacylamidophosphates and 2,2′‐Bipyridyl and 1,10‐Phenathroline. Crystal Structures, Solution 1H NMR Spectral and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Safin Damir A. , Mlynarz Piotr , Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Babashkina Maria G. , Sokolov Felix D. , Zabirov Nail G. , Galezowska Joanna , Kozlowski Henryk 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStructure and magnetic properties of N‐diisopropoxyphosphorylthiobenzamide PhC(S)‐N(H)‐P(O)(OiPr)2 (HLI) and N‐diisopropoxyphosphoryl‐N′‐phenylthiocarbamide PhN(H)‐C(S)‐N(H)‐P(O)(OiPr)2 (HLII) complexes with the CoII cation of formulas [Co{PhC(S)‐N‐P(O)(OiPr)2}2] (1), [Co{PhN(H)‐C(S)‐N‐P(O)(OiPr)2}2] (2), [Co{PhC(S)‐N(H)‐P(O)(OiPr)2}2{PhC(S)‐N‐P(O)(OiPr)2}2] (1a) and [Co{PhC(S)‐N‐P(O)(OiPr)2}2}(2,2′‐bipy)] (3), [Co{PhC(S)‐N‐P(O)(OiPr)2}2(1,10‐phen)] (4), [Co{PhN(H)‐C(S)‐N‐P(O)(OiPr)2}2(2,2′‐bipy)] (5), [Co{PhN(H)‐C(S)‐N‐P(O)(OiPr)2}2(1,10‐phen)] (6) were investigated.Paramagnetic shifts in the 1H NMR spectrum were observed for high‐spin CoII complexes with HLI,II, incorporating the S‐C‐N‐P‐O chelate moiety and two aromatic chelate ligands. Investigation of the thermal dependence of the magnetic susceptibility has shown that the extended materials 1‐2 and 6 show ferromagnetic exchange between distorted tetrahedral (1, 2) or octahedral (1a, 6) metal atoms whereas 3 and 5 show antiferromagnetic properties. Compound 4 behaves as a spin‐canted ferromagnet, an antiferromagnetic ordering taking place below a critical temperature, Tc = 115 K. Complexes 1 and 1a were investigated by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The cobalt(II) atom in complex 1 resides a distorted tetrahedral O2S2 environment formed by the C=S sulfur atoms and the P=O oxygen atoms of two deprotonated ligands. Complex 1a has a tetragonal‐bipyramidal structure, Co(Oax)2(Oeq)2(Seq)2, and two neutral ligand molecules are coordinated in the axial positions through the oxygen atoms of the P=O groups. The base of the bipyramid is formed by two anionic ligands in the typical 1,5‐O,S coordination mode. The ligands are in a trans configuration.
The Crystal Structures of the Room Temperature and the Low Temperature Phase of Dimethylammonium Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Authors: Dietzel Pascal D. C. , Dinnebier Robert , Jansen Martin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDimethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate 1 was synthesized by reaction of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid with an excess of dimethylamine. A temperature variable synchrotron measurement on the polycrystalline substance reveals that 1 passes through a phase transition below room temperature. The transition occurs in the temperature range of 282–285 K on heating and 272–280 K on cooling as determined by DSC. The room temperature phase crystallizes in space group Cmca (a = 11.031(6) Å, b = 18.466(14) Å, c = 8.173(9) Å, V = 1665(2) Å3, Z = 8) and the low temperature phase in space group P 21/c (a = 8.8717(18) Å, b = 8.0838(16) Å, c = 10.968(2) Å, β = 92.128(4)°, V = 786.0(3) Å3, Z = 4). The structures of both phases were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, but refinement did not yield satisfactory residuals for the low temperature phase because of twinning of the crystal. It was, therefore, independently solved from the synchrotron powder diffraction data using rigid body models of the constituent ions and ab‐initio direct space methods. Both, the CF3 group and the SO3 group of the triflate ion, are rotationally disordered around the S–C bond, in the room temperature phase. In the low temperature phase, the triflate ion is well localized. Like in the alkali metal triflates, the triflate ions are arranged in double layers with the hydrophobic trifluoromethyl groups and the sulfonate groups, respectively, pointing towards each other. The dimethylammonium ion is located closer to the sulfonate group with contacts indicating hydrogen bonding. The packing in both phases is of the topological CsCl structure type.
[(bmpyr)2{Zn(OC6H3(NO2)2)4}]: Influence of an Ionic Liquid on Liquid/Liquid Extraction of Metal Ions in a Biphasic System
Authors: v. Prondzinski Nina , Babai Arash , Mudring Anja‐Verena , Merz Klaus 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe compound [(bmpyr)2{Zn(OR)4}] (OR = 2,4‐dinitriphenolate) has been prepared from Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and sodium 2,4‐dinitrophenolate in a biphasic aqueous ionic liquid (Butyl‐methyl‐pyrrolidinium trifluoromethylsulfonate [bmpyr][OTf]) system. The presence of the anionic zinc complex in [bmpyr][OTf] is made possible by the exchange of the ionic liquid anions into the aqueous phase for the zinc complex. [(bmpyr)2{Zn(OR)4}] was characterized in solution by 13C‐ and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by crystal structure determination. The zinc complex represents the first type of a zinc complex with more than two phenolate ligands.
A suggested new surgical classification for mixed totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Chowdhury Ujjwal K. , Malhotra Amber , Kothari Shyam S. , Krishna Reddy Sri , Mishra Anand K. , Pradeep Kizakke K. , Venugopal Panangipalli 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe morphologic variations of mixed totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection are many and varied. In this review, we give an account of all cases previously described as mixed totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection, analyzing in detail those cases where an accurate anatomical description was provided. We identified 182 suitable cases, from 54 investigations, and reviewed the clinical presentation, anatomic variations, diagnostic features, and management of the patients described.Cross-sectional echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization, provided the necessary diagnostic information, and defined the anatomy before surgery in 139 patients. Magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomographic angiography had been used for further clarification of the pulmonary venous anatomy. An obstructive pattern of drainage, involving one or more pulmonary veins, had been described in over half of the patients. We then grouped the lesions into categories that have a bearing on the appropriate surgical approach, discussing the appropriate repair for each group. For the overall group, the operative mortality remains high, at 22.9%. We submit that an increased appreciation of various types of mixed totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection may well contribute to improved future surgical management.
Role of InsP3and ryanodine receptors in the activation of capacitative Ca2+entry by store depletion or hypoxia in canine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Ng L C , Wilson S M , McAllister C E , Hume J R 
Published: June 2007

Background and purpose:Experiments were performed to determine if capacitative Ca2+entry (CCE) in canine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is dependent on InsP3receptors or ryanodine receptors as induction of CCE is dependent on simultaneous depletion of the functionally separate InsP3‐ and ryanodine‐sensitive sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+stores in these cells.Experimental approach:Myocytes were isolated from canine pulmonary arteries using enzymatic procedures and were used within 8 h of preparation. Measurements of cytosolic Ca2+were made by imaging fura‐2 loaded individual myocytes that were perfused with physiological buffered saline solution with or without Ca2+.Key results:Treating myocytes with 10μM cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), removing extracellular Ca2+, and briefly applying 10 mM caffeine and 10μM 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) depleted SR Ca2+stores. Extracellular Ca2+reintroduction caused cytosolic [Ca2+] to elevate above baseline signifying CCE. The InsP3receptor inhibitors 2‐aminobiphenylborate (50‐75μM; 2‐APB) and xestospongin‐C (20μM; XeC) abolished CCE. Yet, CCE was unaffected by 10μM or 300μM ryanodine or 10μM dantrolene, which modify ryanodine receptor activity. Higher dantrolene concentrations (50μM), however, can inhibit both ryanodine receptors and InsP3receptors, did reduce CCE. In contrast, CCE activated by hypoxia was unaffected by XeC (20μM).Conclusions and implications:The results provide evidence that CCE activated by depletion of both InsP3and ryanodine SR Ca2+stores in canine PASMCs is dependent on functional InsP3receptors, whereas the activation of CCE by hypoxia appears to be independent of functional InsP3receptors.British Journal of Pharmacology(2007)152, 101–111; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707357
Myeloperoxidase: a target for new drug development?
Authors: Malle E , Furtmüller P G , Sattler W , Obinger C 
Published: June 2007

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a member of the haem peroxidase‐cyclooxygenase superfamily, is abundantly expressed in neutrophils and to a lesser extent in monocytes and certain type of macrophages. MPO participates in innate immune defence mechanism through formation of microbicidal reactive oxidants and diffusible radical species. A unique activity of MPO is its ability to use chloride as a cosubstrate with hydrogen peroxide to generate chlorinating oxidants such as hypochlorous acid, a potent antimicrobial agent. However, evidence has emerged that MPO‐derived oxidants contribute to tissue damage and the initiation and propagation of acute and chronic vascular inflammatory disease. The fact that circulating levels of MPO have been shown to predict risks for major adverse cardiac events and that levels of MPO‐derived chlorinated compounds are specific biomarkers for disease progression, has attracted considerable interest in the development of therapeutically useful MPO inhibitors. Today, detailed information on the structure of ferric MPO and its complexes with low‐ and high‐spin ligands is available. This, together with a thorough understanding of reaction mechanisms including redox properties of intermediates, enables a rationale attempt in developing specific MPO inhibitors that still maintain MPO activity during host defence and bacterial killing but interfere with pathophysiologically persistent activation of MPO. The various approaches to inhibit enzyme activity of MPO and to ameliorate adverse effects of MPO‐derived oxidants will be discussed. Emphasis will be put on mechanism‐based inhibitors and high‐throughput screening of compounds as well as the discussion of physiologically useful HOCl scavengers.British Journal of Pharmacology(2007)152, 838–854; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707358; published online 25 June 2007
Impediments to Screening for Hazardous Alcohol Use and Dependence in General Hospital Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Hulse Gary K. 
Published: June 2007

Objective: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) has been developed to screen for hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption. It has been used among a variety of primary care, general population and general hospital populations. However, with the exception of one study undertaken by the author and colleagues, the use of the AUDIT in general hospital psychiatric patients has not been reported. This paper reports on a substudy of this larger study whose aim was to determine the frequency of hazardous alcohol use and dependence among patients admitted to the psychiatric units of general hospitals in Perth, Western Australia, and discusses major reasons for non-AUDIT screening among this group. Method: In a 12-month period 990 patients aged 18–64 years and residing in the Perth metropolitan area were admitted to the psychiatric unit of the two hospitals. Using the AUDIT alcohol use in patients with four major types of psychiatric disorder, namely mood, adjustment, anxiety and psychotic disorders, was assessed. Results: Of the 834 admissions targeted for AUDIT screening 263 were not screened. This non-screening represented 27–42% of patients in each of the major diagnostic categories. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients screened versus not screened for mood, adjustment or schizophrenia/psychosis. There were however, significantly fewer patients with anxiety disorder screened compared with mood disorder. Those non-screened patients in major psychiatric groups had significantly shorter hospital stays than their diagnostic counterparts who were screened. The major reason for non-screening in all groups was due to patients leaving the psychiatric facility before they could be accessed. This included discharge before screening, transfer to another psychiatric facility and short admission. To a lesser extent cognitive dysfunction accounted for non-screening among major diagnostic groups. Conclusions: Failure to screen patients was largely due to short hospital stays. Screening was impeded by the brief window period, commonly 1 or 2 days, between the absence of acute psychiatric sequelae and discharge. This situation contrasts dramatically to the medical or surgical admission where major sequelae are largely resolved in 2–3 days and AUDIT screening can take place over the remaining 3–4 days prior to discharge. To be effective in the general hospital psychiatric setting, alcohol screening needs to be incorporated into the routine ward assessment procedures. The brevity of the AUDIT makes this possible. This would maximize the time available to implement an intervention programme to those found to be consuming alcohol at a hazardous or harmful level.
The Concept of Appropriate Professional Boundaries in Psychiatric Practice: A Pilot Training Course
Authors: Vamos Marina 
Published: June 2007

Objective: The aim was to design and run a three-session training module for psychiatric registrars on professional practice with particular emphasis on boundary setting. This included the concept of boundary transgression, an understanding of how it occurs and how it may be avoided.Method: Drawing on North American experience a curriculum was designed and trialed for trainees at all levels. A variety of media were employed to present a range of common clinical and professional issues. Evaluated were trainee satisfaction, trainee responses to target vignettes at the beginning and at the end of the course, and supervisor awareness and involvement in the process.Results: High attendance and high satisfaction ratings in most areas confirmed that a course such as this is attractive and relevant for psychiatric trainees. Vignette responses suggested some change may have occurred by the end of the course, with a more limited tendency to avoid potentially challenging situations and a higher capacity to explore them. Supervisor involvement remains largely unaddressed despite interest and enthusiasm.Conclusion: The area of interpersonal relatedness in psychiatry, including the issue of sexual attraction and the possibility of sexual misconduct, can be introduced as a training package in a way which is acceptable to trainees and their supervisors in an Australian setting. The impact of the training module on actual registrar behaviour is uncertain.
Job Status Aspirations and their Determinants for Middle and Lower Stream Pupils in an Urban, Multi‐Racial Comprehensive School
Authors: Raby Leo , Walford Geoffrey 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper is based on an intensive questionnaire and interview study of about 800 middle and lower stream children in a large, urban, multi‐racial, comprehensive school in the West Midlands. It presents data on the nature and extent of career aspirations and shows that childrens' horizons are, to a large extent, limited to the possibilities available in their local environment. The data are analysed using correlation and stepwise regression procedures and the major determinants of career aspirations are discussed. Comparisons are made between the sexes and between the children of different ages. Doubt is cast on a number of popular theories of occupational aspirations and implications for careers guidance are suggested.
Constraints on the Handling of Controversial Issues in Northern Ireland Post‐Primary Schools
Authors: McKernan James 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to discover the extent to which Catholic (N=125) and Protestant (N=77) post‐primary school teachers participating in a social studies curriculum development project in Northern Ireland were constrained from teaching controversial issues of a social, religious or political nature. A method for ranking teacher, school and community constraints is presented, and the results of a survey of 202 teachers are reported. The results suggest that there is widespread support for handling controversial issues in the curriculum, although Catholic teachers are more favourable to such teaching than Protestant teachers. A high degree of concordance (rho=0.94) was found in ranking constraints when communal groups of teachers are compared. The most important constraints are ‘teacher factors' such as ‘lack of knowledge or skills', and ‘teacher's own prejudices'. Teachers regarded communal constraints such as ‘fear of paramilitary groups' and ‘disapproval of the church’ as having least importance. Controlling for religion, teachers differed significantly in the ranking of three constraints. Catholics believed their ‘own personal identity’ more important than Protestants (P<0.05); as well as ‘disapproval of the church’ (P<0.001). Protestants felt that ‘disapproval of fellow teachers' was more important as a barrier to success in dealing with controversial issues than Catholics (P<0.001). The implications for curriculum development, particularly in political and social education are discussed.
A Modified Regression Approach to the Problem of Comparing Two or More Groups with only One Paper in Common
Authors: Birnbaum Ian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMany English Examination Boards will make some use of the differentiated paper method of assessment in the new scheme of16+ examining, but it is not clear whether problems of comparability have been adequately solved. This article presents an analysis based on well‐defined assumptions incorporated into a measurement model and utilising regression. Marks on the paper not taken by a group are estimated from their joint marks on the common paper and the paper specific to their group. The marks are then weighted using the measurement model and combined to produce a rank order over both the groups. In an appendix, the weighting method used is related to the more usual method ofweighting adopted when combining scores.
Teachers' Assessments of Primary School Buildings: the role of the physical environment in education
Authors: Cooper Ian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHow and what do British primary school teachers think about the buildings in which they work? Do they believe that these buildings influence the education that children receive? This paper contains a limited but detailed attempt to answer these two questions. This is presented by reporting linked case studies of the views expressed by teachers in ten widely differing school buildings in one particular local education authority. These views are discussed against a background of cuts in educational expenditure which have resulted, not least, in reduced maintenance to primary school premises. It is concluded that the teachers investigated tend to see themselves as poorly served by the physical environments in which they are asked to practise their teaching skills. Some of them believe that inadequacies in their environments are detrimental to education. For those who hold it, this belief may be self‐fulfilling.
Don't Talk to me about Lexical Meta‐analysis of Criterion‐referenced Clustering and Lap‐dissolve Spatial Transformations: a consideration of the role of practising teachers in educational research
Authors: Freeman P. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper was written in response to the fact that Volume 10, No. 2 of BERJ did not contain a single paper from a teacher currently teaching in a school. There comes a point when you can't just moan about a situation, you have to do something, and this paper is that something. It attempts to describe some of the main reasons for the dominance of ‘outsiders' in school‐based research and suggests that this is not a good thing. Possible ways of improving the situation are discussed but no offence is meant to any person living, dead or in suspended animation.
The Effects of Group Composition on Group Interactive Processes and Pupil Understanding
Authors: Bennett Neville , Cass Allyson 
Published: June 2007

Previous research has demonstrated the cognitive and affective benefits to be accrued from co‐operative group work. However this body of research has largely been limited to consideration of group products rather than group processes and as such has failed to provide explanations of how, or why, improved outcomes occur.This study focused on group processes in order to throw light on the relationship between group composition, interactive processes and pupil understanding on a cooperative decision‐making task. More specifically it reports on the nature and type of talk in homogeneous, heterogeneous and mixed attaining groups, and their relationships to pupil retention and understanding.
Creationism, Scientism, Christianity and Science: a study in adolescent attitudes
Authors: Fulljames Peter , Gibson Harry M. , Francis Leslie J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBoth religious educators and science educators show concern for the development of positive pupil attitudes towards their respective curriculum areas, both as an educational objective in its own right and as a key predisposition for realising other educational objectives. While growing bodies of research have charted the personal, social, environmental and curriculum correlates of the development of attitudes towards science and religion, little attention has been given to the empirical relationship between these two attitudinal areas. This is surprising given the vast theoretical debate on the relationship between science and religion. In the present study attitude towards Christianity and interest in science are measured among a sample of 729 16‐18 year olds in Scotland. The data demonstrate a significant negative correlation between attitude towards Christianity and interest in science. Path analysis is then employed to explore the antecedents of this observed relationship. After taking into account sex differences, parental socio‐economic status, parental religious example and encouragement and the pupils' personal church attendance, two key factors which help to explain this apparent negative relationship are the perception of Christianity as necessarily involving creationism and the view that science attains to absolute truth (scientism). The implications of these findings for curriculum development in science and religion are discussed.
Using and Sharing Ideas from Information Books in the Context of a Primary School Project
Authors: Mallett Margaret 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article aims to bring together understandings about how children learn and to apply them to their reading of information books, particularly those organised on a non‐narrative principle. First, the nature of the challenge non‐narrative writing poses is considered. There follows an attempt to draw, from what is known in theory about how children learn, some factors which may help teachers nurture this kind of reading. Features of the texts which link with children's ability to learn from them are also examined. An analysis of a case study, project work on ‘Squirrels’, suggests how factors which appear to be important in making progress in this kind of reading might be built into everyday practice. It is argued throughout that it is spoken language which can reinforce a sense of purpose and audience in the context of children's collaborative effort to make sense of ideas in books.