bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of monomers eluted from dental resin restoratives on osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Imazato Satoshi , Horikawa Daisuke , Nishida Mariko , Ebisu Shigeyuki 
Published: April 2008

AbstractResin‐modified glass‐ionomer (RMGIC) has been demonstrated to exhibit inhibition on the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts on its surface. In this study, the hypothesis that the different levels of inhibitory effects on osteoblasts of resin restoratives depend on elution of unpolymerized monomers was examined. Release of monomers from cured specimens of Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA‐composites, MMA‐resin cements, or HEMA‐containing RMGIC was determined and osteoblast‐like MC3T3‐E1 cells were cultured in the presence of 100–10 μg/mL of TEGDMA, 10–1 μg/mL of MMA, or 400–50 μg/mL of HEMA according to the release concentrations. Cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the expression of osteoblastic markers, and mineralized tissue formation were evaluated. TEGDMA and MMA at the concentrations tested did not affect the growth of MC3T3‐E1 and exhibited little harmful effects on their differentiation and mineralization. On the contrary, HEMA inhibited proliferation, ALP activities, the expression of osteocalcin, and mineralized tissue formation at 200 μg/mL or more. These results indicate that HEMA at the concentrations similar to that observed in elution tests affected osteoblastic proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization, suggesting that elution of unreacted HEMA could be the main component of the adverse effects of RMGIC on osteoblast‐like cells and influences of resin restoratives on the osteoblasts are possibly dependant on release characteristics of unpolymerized monomers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Apoptosis in arsenic trioxide‐treated Calu‐6 lung cells is correlated with the depletion of GSH levels rather than the changes of ROS levels
Authors: Han Yong Hwan , Kim Suhn Hee , Kim Sung Zoo , Park Woo Hyun 
Published: April 2008

AbstractArsenic trioxide (ATO) can regulate many biological functions such as apoptosis and differentiation in various cells. We investigated an involvement of ROS such as H2O2 and O, and GSH in ATO‐treated Calu‐6 cell death. The levels of intracellular H2O2 were decreased in ATO‐treated Calu‐6 cells at 72 h. However, the levels of O were significantly increased. ATO reduced the intracellular GSH content. Many of the cells having depleted GSH contents were dead, as evidenced by the propidium iodine staining. The activity of CuZn‐SOD was strongly down‐regulated by ATO at 72 h while the activity of Mn‐SOD was weakly up‐regulated. The activity of catalase was decreased by ATO. ROS scavengers, Tiron and Trimetazidine did not reduce levels of apoptosis and intracellular O in ATO‐treated Calu‐6 cells. Tempol showing a decrease in intracellular O levels reduced the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). Treatment with NAC showing the recovery of GSH depletion and the decreased effect on O levels in ATO‐treated cells significantly inhibited apoptosis. In addition, BSO significantly increased the depletion of GSH content and apoptosis in ATO‐treated cells. Treatment with SOD and catalase significantly reduced the levels of O levels in ATO‐treated cells, but did not inhibit apoptosis along with non‐effect on the recovery of GSH depletion. Taken together, our results suggest that ATO induces apoptosis in Calu‐6 cells via the depletion of the intracellular GSH contents rather than the changes of ROS levels. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 862–878, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization and functional studies of a FYVE domain‐containing phosphatase in C. elegans
Authors: Ma Junfeng , Zeng Fenghua , Ho Wanting Tina , Teng Lirong , Li Qingshan , Fu Xueqi , Zhao Zhizhuang Joe 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe myotubularin (MTM) enzymes are phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate (PI3P) and phosphatidylinositol 3,5‐bisphosphate phosphatases. Mutation of MTM1, the founder member of this family, is responsible for X‐linked myotubular myopathy in humans. Here, we have isolated and characterized a Caenorhabditis elegans homology of the enzymes designated ceMTM3. ceMTM3 preferably dephosphorylates PI3P and contains a FYVE lipid‐binding domain at its C‐terminus which binds PI3P. Immunoblotting analyses revealed that the enzyme is expressed during the early development and adulthood of the animal. Immunofluorescent staining revealed predominant expression of the enzyme in eggs and muscles. Knockdown of the enzyme by using feeding‐based RNA interference resulted in an increased level of PI3P and caused severe impairment of body movement of the worms at their post‐reproductive ages and significantly shortened their lifespan. This study thus reveals an important role of the MTM phosphatases in maintaining muscle function, which may have clinical implications in prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1843–1852, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coactivators and nuclear receptor transactivation
Authors: Wolf Irene M. , Heitzer Marjet D. , Grubisha Melanie , DeFranco Donald B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA variety of coregulator proteins serve as partners for nuclear receptors orchestrating the molecular events required for receptor‐dependent transcriptional regulation. Some coregulators directly interact with nuclear receptors and provide a platform for recruitment of other factors that provide distinct biochemical activities that influence transcriptional efficiency. Coregulators can influence chromatin structure and activity via direct modification of histone proteins or by facilitating ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling. They also have the capacity to impact multiple steps in the transcription process including initiation, elongation, and mRNA splicing. Genetic analysis in humans and animal models are revealing the important cell and tissue‐type specific actions of nuclear receptor coregulators as well and their role in human physiology and disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1580–1586, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ice caps existed throughout the Lateglacial Interstadial in northern Scotland
Authors: Bradwell Tom , Fabel Derek , Stoker Martyn , Mathers Hannah , McHargue Lanny , Howe John 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe constrain, in detail, fluctuations of two former ice caps in NW Scotland with multibeam seabed surveys, geomorphological mapping and cosmogenic 10Be isotope analyses. We map a continuous sequence of 40 recessional moraines stretching from ∼10 km offshore to the Wester Ross mountains. Surface‐exposure ages from boulders on moraine ridges in Assynt and the Summer Isles region show that substantial, dynamic, ice caps existed in NW Scotland between 13 and 14 ka BP. We interpret this as strong evidence that large active glaciers probably survived throughout the Lateglacial Interstadial, and that during the Older Dryas period (ca. 14 ka BP) ice caps in NW Scotland were thicker and considerably more extensive than in the subsequent Younger Dryas Stadial. By inference, we suggest that Lateglacial ice‐cap oscillations in Scotland reflect the complex interplay between changing temperature and precipitation regimes during this climatically unstable period (ca. 15–11 ka BP). © Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) copyright 2008. Reproduced with the permission of NERC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐sickling potential of Aloe vera extract
Authors: Ejele Agunna Everest , Njoku Pascal Chukwuemeka 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of Aloe vera extract on the gelling time of human HbSS erythrocytes was investigated. The results showed that A. vera extract increased the gelling time of HbSS blood and inhibited sickling in vitro. In addition, a linear relationship was found between extract concentration and gelling time, suggesting that A. vera extract may have great potential in the management of sickle cell disease. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Spin–orbit coupling in low‐dimensional gold
Authors: Hüger E. , Zelený M. , Káňa T. , Šob M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe present experimental and theoretical evidence of the role played by the spin–orbit coupling in the electronic structure of a pseudomorphic Au monolayer on Nb(001) substrate. The bands found with the help of the angle‐resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS) are compared with those obtained from ab initio self‐consistent calculations by the VASP and WIEN2k codes. The slab calculations are performed including geometric relaxation and using both the generalized‐gradient (GGA) and local‐density (LDA) approximations for the exchange–correlation energy. The dispersions and energy positions of the calculated bands agree with the experimentally determined band structure only if the LDA is used and the spin–orbit coupling is included. Therefore, both the structure relaxation and spin–orbit coupling are essential in understanding the electronic structure of the Au/Nb(001) system.magnified image(© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flavor and oxidative stability of soybean, sunflower and low erucic acid rapeseed oils
Authors: Warner K. , Frankel E. N. , Mounts T. L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThree samples each of soybean, sunflower and low erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR) oils were evaluated for flavor and oxidative stability. The commercially refined and bleached oils were deodorized under identical conditions. No significant differences were noted in initial flavor quality. After storage at 25°C or 60°C in the dark, soybean oils—with or without citric acid—were more stable than either sunflower or LEAR oils. However, in the presence of citric acid, soybean oils were significantly less stable to light exposure than either LEAR or sunflower oils. In contrast, in the absence of citric acid, soybean oils were significantly more light stable than LEAR oils. In either the presence or absence of citric acid, sunflower oil was significantly more stable to light than soybean oil. Analyses by static headspace gas chromatography showed no significant differences in formation of total volatile compounds between soybean and LEAR oils. However, both oils developed significantly less total volatiles than the sunflower oils. Each oil type varied in flavor and oxidative stability depending on the oxidation method (light vs dark storage, absence vs presence of citric acid, 100°C vs 60°C).
HPLC determination of long chain saturated fatty acids in tall oil rosin
Authors: Fatica Michael G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA method was developed for the analysis of long chain saturated fatty acids or their esters from tall oil or tall oil rosin. The method is specific for 18 through 28 even carbon number acids with a detection limit for each at 0.05% based on rosin. Ultraviolet detection is achieved through phenacyl derivatization. Omission of the saponification step allows selective determination of the free fatty acids.
Relationships between cotton leaf‐derived volatiles and growth ofAspergillus flavus
Authors: Zeringue H. J. , McCormick S. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMicrobial‐free compressed air was passed continuously for 2‐ and 7‐day test periods through enclosed systems containing wounded or nonwounded leaves of glanded or glandless cotton; the resultant emitted volatiles were bubbled through liquid cultures ofA. flavus. After two days incubation, volatiles from wounded glanded and wounded glandless cotton leaves retarded the growth ofA. flavus. After seven days incubation, fungal growth was stimulated in cultures which received volatiles from wounded or nonwounded glanded cotton leaves, but not from either type of glandless cotton leaves. Volatile profiles of the leaves were obtained by GC/MS examinations of the leaves at 2‐ and 7‐day time periods. Purified compounds of selected identified volatiles were assayed withA. flavus to determine which volatiles might be responsible for the bioactivity described.
Congenital disorders of glycosylation—a challenging group of IEMs
Authors: Vodopiutz J. , Bodamer O. A. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a rapidly growing group of inherited errors of metabolism (IEMs) due to an impairment of one or several glycosylation pathways. During recent years over 30 CDG subtypes have been identified at a molecular and biochemical level. The clinical manifestations in CDG are heterogeneous and may be highly variable within the same subtype and even among affected siblings. Novel insights into the extremely complex glycosylation pathways have necessitated several reclassifications of the group of CDG. Today CDG comprise not only the formerly known multisystem glycosylation defects but also some tissue‐specific glycosylation defects, implicating a different diagnostic work‐up depending on the underlying glycosylation defect. In 2007 the expanding group of CDG is an enormous challenge to all specialists working in the field of IEMs. This review gives a brief overview about the expanded group of CDG and summarizes the main implications for clinicians.
Differentiation of SRB states for hyperbolic flows
Authors: RUELLE DAVID 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLet the ${\cal C}^3$ vector field ${\cal X}+aX$ on M define a flow (fat) with an Axiom A attractor Λa depending continuously on a∈(−ϵ,ϵ). Let ρa be the SRB measure on Λa for (fat). If $A\in {\cal C}^2(M)$, then $a\mapsto \rho _a(A)$ is ${\cal C}^1$ on (−ϵ,ϵ) and dρa(A)/da is the limit when ω→0 with Im ω>0 of
Thermodynamical formalism for robust classes of potentials and non-uniformly hyperbolic maps
Authors: OLIVEIRA KRERLEY , VIANA MARCELO 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe develop a Ruelle–Perron–Fröbenius transfer operator approach to the ergodic theory of a large class of non-uniformly expanding transformations on compact manifolds. For Hölder continuous potentials not too far from constant, we prove that the transfer operator has a positive eigenfunction, which is piecewise Hölder continuous, and use this fact to show that there is exactly one equilibrium state. Moreover, the equilibrium state is a non-lacunary Gibbs measure, a non-uniform version of the classical notion of Gibbs measure that we introduce here.
Ergodic fractal measures and dimension conservation
Authors: FURSTENBERG HILLEL 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA linear map from one Euclidean space to another may map a compact set bijectively to a set of smaller Hausdorff dimension. For ‘homogeneous’ fractals (to be defined), there is a phenomenon of ‘dimension conservation’. In proving this we shall introduce dynamical systems whose states represent compactly supported measures in which progression in time corresponds to progressively increasing magnification. Application of the ergodic theorem will show that, generically, dimension conservation is valid. This ‘almost everywhere’ result implies a non-probabilistic statement for homogeneous fractals.
Two facts concerning the transformations which satisfy the weak Pinsker property
Authors: THOUVENOT J.-P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe show that every ergodic, finite entropy transformation which satisfies the weak Pinsker property possesses a finite generator whose two-sided tail field is exactly the Pinsker algebra. This is proved by exhibiting a generator endowed with a block structure quite analogous to the one appearing in the construction of the Ornstein–Shields examples of non Bernoulli K-automorphisms. We also show that, given two transformations T1 and T2 in the previous class (i.e. satisfying the weak Pinsker property), and a Bernoulli shift B, if T1×B is isomorphic to T2×B, then T1 is isomorphic to T2. That is, one can ‘factor out’ Bernoulli shifts.
The Timing of Responses to Spatial Perception-Questions
Authors: Cane V. R. , Horn V. 
Published: April 2008

Examination of the time of response to single problems in spatial perception suggests that the approach of subjects to multiple-choice questions may differ from their approach to free-choice questions. There is some evidence for thinking that the slower subjects score more highly, and that practice in a given type of problem affects speed rather than correctness of response. These results may provide a new interpretation of some effects previously observed in repeated retesting of the same group. The design of the experiment discussed was a “balanced incomplete block”, in which 120 subjects were required to answer 108 out of the total of 540 problems.
Some Effects of Severe Hypothermia on Learning and Retention
Authors: Andjus R. K. , Knöpfelmacher F. , Russell R. W. , Smith Audrey U. 
Published: April 2008

Two experiments have been conducted to assess the effects of extreme hypothermia on learning and retention. In the first experiment two groups of rats were subjected to identical treatments except that the deep body temperature of one group was lowered to between + I° and o° C. before both groups began learning a serial problem solving task. The second experiment included three groups of animals: a control and two experimental groups, the deep body temperature of animals in one of the latter being reduced to between + 13–4° and + 18–5° C. and that of the other to between + I° and o° C. Except for the “hypothermia” phase of the design all groups in the second experiment received identical treatments in the following order: Training on a maze, hypothermia, tests for retention of the maze habit, training on the serial-problem-solving task, tests for speed of locomotion. Animals whose body temperature had been lowered to between + I° and O°C. showed a significant impairment in learning performance when compared with control animals. On the other hand, no significant differences were found between the performances of control animals and those cooled to between + 13.4° and + 18.5°C. The results also suggest that the effects of severe hypothermia may be temporary, since the percentage of impairment decreased as the interval between body cooling and learning increased. The differences in retention of the maze habit among experimental and control groups were very small and in no instance were they statistically significant, although there was a consistent trend towards poorer retention following hypothermia. These small differences may be functions of the technique used to reduce deep body temperature rather than of the effects of hypothermia per se. These results are based upon observations of the behaviour of non-hibernating, homoiothermic animals. With such animals, extreme hypothermia, such as that employed in the present study, results in complete arrest of heart beat, circulation, and respiration. It also suppresses electrical activity in the brain and in our animals cerebral activity may have been arrested for as long as 13 to z hours. Within the limits of our experimental procedure we have failed to find evidence that arrest of these vital metabolic processes as a result of hypothermia produces any very serious, permanent effects on the animal's behaviour once it has been successfully reanimated. If, as previous writers have suggested, severe hypothermia can be used to “… stop all nerve impulses in the brain momentarily …” (Gerard, 1953), our results are difficult to explain if long-term memory is dependent upon the continuous activity of the brain.
Studies in Olfactory Acuity. II.: Relative Detectability of n-Aliphatic Alcohols by the Rat
Authors: Moulton D. G. , Eayrs J. T. 
Published: April 2008

The ability of albino and black rats to detect n-aliphatic alcohols in the vapour phase has been investigated and probit analysis used to evaluate the results. At median threshold (= 50 per cent, success level) detectability tends to increase by logarithmic increments as the number of carbon atoms in the molecule is increased. However, a similar but reverse relationship occurs between carbon chain length and the gradient of the probit regression lines; and detectability at the 85 per cent. success level, as estimated by interpolation, shows a trend towards oscillation. It is suggested that this finding can resolve the apparent conflict in the literature concerning the pattern of odour intensity in homologous series, and that it may reflect the influence of low water solubility in limiting response to high concentrations of longer chain alcohols. When expressed as pressures, median threshold values for alcohols in the rat vary directly with saturated vapour pressures; when expressed as thermodynamic activities intermediate and longer chain alcohols appear to be equally stimulating, whilst short chain alcohols show decreasing activities as the series is ascended. In several of the relations considered the position of methanol and dodecanol appears anomalous.
Experimental Disorientation and Conceptual Confusion
Authors: George F. H. , McIntosh S. B. 
Published: April 2008

Thirty-two subjects were examined on a visual matching task. They were tested for their ability to maintain an orientation with respect to a particular direction in the horizontal plane, while being kept in circumstances designed to minimize their input of information and create thereby some conceptual confusion. The results suggest that subjects tend to make corrections as if they were in the same position in space throughout, even though they have no necessary reason for supposing this to be true and some reasons for supposing the opposite. It seemed that non-verbal information had to be presented to the subjects in order to suppress this tendency. Voluntary rotation of the subject from one setting to the next produced no more than chance errors, while arbitrary rotations only produced errors when cues were inconsistent, or possibly where no cues were available at all. In the cases where no cues—or minimal cues-were available, assumptions were made by the subjects about the nature of the environment. This caused both errors and correct responses for reasons that were not justified by the evidence in the hands of the subject. Introspective reports revealed some interesting results as to the cues utilized and concepts consciously formulated by the subjects for their use.
Studies in Olfactory Acuity: III. Relative Detectability of n-Aliphatic Acetates by the Rat
Authors: Moulton D. G. 
Published: April 2008

The ability of black and albino rats to detect the first seven n-aliphatic acetates in the vapour phase has been investigated by use of an odour choice box. Both the median threshold and the slope of the probit regression line (which describes the relation between concentration and response) tend to decrease logarithmically in value as the series is ascended. The position of methyl acetate in these relations appears anomalous. When expressed as thermodynamic activities median thresholds for acetates of intermediate chain length are about equally stimulating, whilst short chain alcohols excite at decreasing activities with increasing chain length. The close similarity of these findings to those reported in the previous study on n-aliphatic alcohols supports the view that such relations may be of more general occurrence in olfaction in the rat. The stimulus-response curve for each acetate studied shows one or more reversals in slope. It is suggested that certain of these are due to the presence of two or more olfactory receptor types one or more of which attain maximum response at lower concentrations of a given acetate than do the remainder. The asymptotes of the curves are reached in about 2–3 log units of concentration.