bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune targeting of key components of RNA interference
Authors: Jakymiw Andrew , Ikeda Keigo , Fritzler Marvin J , Reeves Westley H , Satoh Minoru , Chan Edward KL 
Published: May 2006

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that is involved in the post-transcriptional silencing of genes. This process elicits the degradation or translational inhibition of mRNAs based on the complementarity with short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs). Recently, differential expression of specific miRNAs and disruption of the miRNA synthetic pathway have been implicated in cancer; however, their role in autoimmune disease remains largely unknown. Here, we report that anti-Su autoantibodies from human patients with rheumatic diseases and in a mouse model of autoimmunity recognize the human Argonaute (Ago) protein, hAgo2, the catalytic core enzyme in the RNAi pathway. More specifically, 91% (20/22) of the human anti-Su sera were shown to immunoprecipitate the full-length recombinant hAgo2 protein. Indirect immunofluorescence studies in HEp-2 cells demonstrated that anti-Su autoantibodies target cytoplasmic foci identified as GW bodies (GWBs) or mammalian P bodies, structures recently linked to RNAi function. Furthermore, anti-Su sera were also capable of immunoprecipitating additional key components of the RNAi pathway, including hAgo1, -3, -4, and Dicer. Together, these results demonstrate an autoimmune response to components of the RNAi pathway which could potentially implicate the involvement of an innate anti-viral response in the pathogenesis of autoantibody production.
Ermittlung der Messunsicherheit – Vergleich von Ergebnissen aus Berechnung und Experiment (Determination of Measurement Uncertainty – Comparison of Results from Calculation and Experiment)
Authors: Hinrichs Wilfried 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In einem Ringversuch wurde die Messung der Maschenweiten und Drahtdicken von Drahtgeweben untersucht. Die experimentell ermittelten Präzisionsdaten wurden berechneten Schätzwerten der Messunsicherheit nach GUM gegenübergestellt. Der Vergleich lieferte plausible Resultate, wenn systematische Komponenten zugelassen und Rahmenbedingungen des Ringversuchs in der Berechnung angenähert wurden. Die Messfähigkeit von Drahtdicken in Geweben wurde nachgewiesen. Die Ermittlung der Maschenweiten war oft nicht hinreichend präzise. Die Quantifizierung bestätigte die qualitativen Praxiserfahrungen.
Within‐ and Between‐Species Variation in Vegetative Phenology in Two Forest Herbs
Authors: Brown Robert L. , Ashmun Jeffrey W. , Pitelka Louis F. 
Published: May 2006

We analyzed within‐ and between‐species variation in vegetative phenology for two
coexisting forest herbs, Aster acuminatus and Clintonia borealis. For each species, phenological variation
was analyzed at three levels: pooled across all study areas, among study areas, and among patches
at each study area. Aster acuminatus and Clintonia borealis differed in their mean phenological patterns,
especially with respect to mean dates of emergence, maturation, and senescence. There was greater
synchrony among ramets of C. borealis as compared with A. acuminatus for most phenological traits.Significant correlations between ramet (plant) size and a number of phenological traits were observed,
particularly for the dates of emergence and death and total ramet lifespan. The same general
patterns of correlation were evident within individual patches, within study areas, and for the pooled
sample of all ramets for each species. Correlations between size and phenology were generally stronger
for ramets of A. acuminatus than for ramets of C. borealis.There were few significant differences in phenology among study areas, especially after variation
due to ramet size was removed by covariance analysis. In contrast, there was considerable variation
among patches at each study area for both species. For A. acuminatus, differences among patches in
mean ramet size explained much of the phenological variation. For C. borealis, patches differed in
their phenological patterns independent of variation in mean ramet size. Some of the phenological
differences between C. borealis and A. acuminatus may be causally related to differences in the extent
to which ramets of one clone remain physiologically integrated.
Slow‐channel mutation in acetylcholine receptor αM4 domain and its efficient knockdown
Authors: Shen Xin‐Ming , Deymeer Feza , Sine Steven M. , Engel Andrew G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the genetic basis of a slow‐channel myasthenic syndrome, characterize functional properties of the mutant receptor, and selectively silence the mutant allele.MethodsWe performed nutation analysis, cloning, and patch‐clamp analysis of the functional properties of the mutant receptor; screening for a small interfering RNA with check plasmid; and assessed of the efficacy of small interfering RNA at the messenger RNA, protein, and functional levels.ResultsWe traced the cause of a slow‐channel myasthenic syndrome to a C418W mutation in the M4 domain of the acetylcholine receptor α subunit. The mutation is the first one to occur spontaneously in an M4 domain of the receptor, and it is positioned within a stripe of hydrophobic residues facing the lipid bilayer. Kinetic analysis shows that αC418W enhances the channel opening equilibrium constant 26‐fold without altering agonist affinity. Using a check plasmid as a screening tool, we identified a small interfering RNA that markedly suppresses the mutant but not the wild‐type allele at the messenger RNA, protein, and functional levels.InterpretationαC418W occurring in humans causes a slow‐channel syndrome by enhancing the relative stability of the channel open state. Efficient and selective knockdown of the mutant allele holds promise of therapeutic gene silencing. Ann Neurol 2006
Evaluation of a genomics platform for cross‐species transcriptome analysis of recombinant CHO cells
Authors: Ernst Wolfgang , Trummer Evelyn , Mead Jennifer , Bessant Conrad , Strelec Harald , Katinger Hermann , Hesse Friedemann 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMicroarray technology for mammalian cells has been utilized mainly for humans, mouse, and rat gene expression analysis. In this approach the feasibility of cross‐species hybridization experiments using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was evaluated. Sequence alignments of available data for CHO were performed against mouse and rat transcripts to determine the homology between the investigated species. We implemented a probability model based on this homology in order to estimate the chance for successful hybridization using Agilent's 60‐mer oligonucleotide platform. Heat‐shock expression data from CHO, mouse 3T3, and rat A10 cells were generated to determine intraspecies variability, reproducibility, and specificity in order to assess the accuracy of this method. Detected signature genes, in particular from studies with the mouse arrays, showed a reliable similarity between these two rodents and were confirmed by quantitative RT‐PCR. Our findings provide evidence that cross‐species analysis can be a useful tool to study gene expression profiles of related organisms for which species‐specific microarrays are not available.
A fluid dynamics approach to bioreactor design for cell and tissue culture
Authors: Dusting Jonathan , Sheridan John , Hourigan Kerry 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe problem of controlling cylindrical tank bioreactor conditions for cell and tissue culture purposes has been considered from a flow dynamics perspective. Simple laminar flows in the vortex breakdown region are proposed as being a suitable alternative to turbulent spinner flask flows and horizontally oriented rotational flows. Vortex breakdown flows have been measured using three‐dimensional Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry, and non‐dimensionalized velocity and stress distributions are presented. Regions of locally high principal stress occur in the vicinity of the impeller and the lower sidewall. Topological changes in the vortex breakdown region caused by an increase in Reynolds number are reflected in a redistribution of the peak stress regions. The inclusion of submerged scaffold models adds complexity to the flow, although vortex breakdown may still occur. Relatively large stresses occur along the edge of disks jutting into the boundary of the vortex breakdown region. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ligand binding by estrogen receptor beta attached to nanospheres measured by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Allen Noah W. , Thompson Nancy L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAlthough many indirect methods have been chosen to study the system of estrogen receptor ligand binding, an ideal method is fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). FCS is nondestructive to the sample, uses very small sample volumes, and operates well within physiological concentration ranges. The methodology was developed to biotinylate the estrogen receptor β‐ligand binding domain (ERβ‐LBD) using biotin with a very short spacer and to then attach this protein to a 40 nm neutravidin‐coated bead (nanosphere). Diffusional FCS data were obtained for a fluorescently labeled coactivator peptide, steroid receptor coactivator peptide‐1 (A‐SRC‐1(2)), in the absence and presence of bead‐bound ERβ‐LBD. Data were also acquired in the presence of one of the endogenous ligands for ERβ, 17β‐estradiol, and with tamoxifen. The bead strategy resulted in a decreased receptor diffusion coefficient and consequent increase in the decay time of the FCS autocorrelation functions for receptor‐bound, labeled SRC‐1(2). Thus, free and bound coactivators were much more readily distinguished by FCS. Discrimination between the fluorescently labeled unbound and bound species could be determined in autocorrelation functions obtained in as few as 30 s. The advantage of using FCS with the ERβ‐LBD: bead methodology is the ability to obtain reliable and reproducible data in a short time frame. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
The “Off‐Shore” Construction of Optionally Substituted 4‐Trifluoromethyl‐2‐quinolinones
Authors: Leroux Frédéric , Lefebvre Olivier , Schlosser Manfred 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTreatment of ortho‐lithiated tert‐butyl N‐arylcarbamates (i.e., BOC‐protected anilines) with N‐(trifluoroacetyl)piperidine provides 2‐(N‐BOC‐amino)aryl trifluoromethyl ketones which, upon consecutive reaction with an α‐alkoxycarbonyl‐substituted phosphorus ylide and acid (or base) yields 4‐trifluoromethyl‐2‐quinolinones which may bear additional substituents at any available position. The method is convenient and expedient. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Tetrahydrofurans Based on a “Cyclization‐Hydrogenation‐Substitution” Strategy
Authors: Freifeld Ilia , Holtz Edith , Dahmann Georg , Langer Peter 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA variety of (tetrahydrofuran‐2‐yl)acetates have been prepared based on hydrogenation and subsequent nucleophilic substitutions of 2‐alkylidene‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofurans. The latter are readily available by cyclization of 1,3‐dicarbonyl dianions (“free dianions”) with epibromohydrin. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Sensitive Voltammetric Sensing of the 2,3‐Dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane (Dmnb) Explosive Taggant
Authors: Wang Joseph , Thongngamdee Sompong , Lu Donglai 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe highly sensitive voltammetric detection of the 2,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane (DMNB), a required additive to commercial plastic explosives, is described. The protocol relies on a fast square‐wave voltammetric measurement of the DMNB explosive taggant at an unmodified carbon fiber electrode using a phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) solution. Different solutions and working electrodes were evaluated. Under the optimal conditions, a linear response is observed over the 300–3000 μg/L DMNB concentration range examined, with a detection limit of 60 μg/L. A highly stable response, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.6%, is observed for 30 repetitive measurements. Such electrochemical approach offers great promise for a simple, rapid, sensitive and inexpensive field screening of plastic explosives. Preliminary data illustrate the utility of electrochemical detection for electrophoretic microchips for the simultaneous measurements of DMNB, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN).
Synthesis of novel thiazole and pyrrolothiadiazine derivatives from aldehyde thiosemicarbazones
Authors: Gomaa Mohsen A.‐M. , Hassan Alaa A. , Shehatta Hamdy S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSubstituted thiosemicarbazones 7a–e reacted with ethenetetracarbonitrile (TCNE) in ethyl acetate with formation of 5‐amino‐3‐(substituted ben‐zylidene‐amino)‐2‐phenylimino‐2,3‐dihydrothiazole‐4‐carbonitrile 8a–e 2‐amino‐6‐phenyl‐imino‐1,6‐ dihydropyrrolo[1,3,4]thiadiazine‐3‐carbonitrile 9, and phenyl‐(5‐{substituted phenyl}‐3H‐[1,3,4]thiadiazole‐2‐ylidene)amines 10a–e. Rationales for the observed conversations are presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:261–266, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20198
Synthesis and characterization of new electroluminescent materials of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole–1,2,3‐triazole hybrids and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole–1,2,3‐triazole–pyridine derivatives
Authors: Zhou Jia‐Xing , Wong Fung Fuh , Chen Chun‐Yen , Yeh Mou‐Yung 
Published: May 2006

AbstractNew electroluminescent materials of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole–1,2,3‐triazole and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole–1,2,3‐triazole–pyridine hybrid derivatives were synthesized and characterized. Following spectroscopic studies and characterization of their electronic properties, 1,3,4‐oxadiazole–1,2,3‐triazole hybrids and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole–1,2,3‐triazole–pyridine derivatives were found to be potentially efficient blue electroluminescent materials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:322–328, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20210
Transacylation. Biomimetic synthesis of esters of acetic acid
Authors: Devedjiev Ivan T. , Ganev Vesselin G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBy mixing of β‐hydroxypropyl phosphate and acetic acid in ethanol solution, ethyl acetate is produced. As found, acetyl phosphate is first formed, then it reacts with the solvent to give the final ethyl acetate product. By similar procedures, acetates of methanol, n‐propanol, and n‐butanol are also produced. Propylene oxide serves as a condensing agent. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:350–352, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20216
Synthesis and structure of 1‐phospholyl‐ and di(1‐phospholyl)acetylenes and the corresponding sulfides
Authors: Sasaki Shigeru , Mori Takashi , Yoshifuji Masaaki 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe acetylenes possessing one and two 1‐phospholyl groups were synthesized by reaction of the alkynyl Grignard reagents with the 1‐chlorophosphole and converted to the corresponding phosphole sulfides. Reaction of the 1‐phenylethynylphosphole sulfide with CpCo(CO)2 resulted in η4‐complexation on the phosphole moiety. The structures of the di(1‐phospholyl)acetylene disulfide and the [η4‐(1‐phenylethynylphosphole sulfide)]cobalt(I) complex were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:344–349, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20230
Electric field‐derived point charges to mimic the electrostatics in molecular crystals
Authors: Whitten Andrew E. , McKinnon Joshua J. , Spackman Mark A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBecause of the way the electrostatic potential is defined in a crystal, it is not possible to determine potential‐derived charges for atoms in a crystal. To overcome this limitation, we present a novel method for determining atomic charges for a molecule in a crystal based on a fit to the electric field at points on a surface around the molecule. Examples of fits to the electric field at points on a Hirshfeld surface, using crystal Hartree–Fock electron densities computed with a DZP basis set are presented for several organic molecular crystals. The field‐derived charges for common functional groups are transferable, and reflect chemical functionality as well as the subtle effects of intermolecular interactions. The charges also yield an excellent approximation to the electric field surrounding a molecule in a crystal for use in cluster calculations on molecules in solids. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1063–1070, 2006
Dramatic performance enhancements for the FASTER optimization algorithm
Authors: Allen Benjamin D. , Mayo Stephen L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractFASTER is a combinatorial optimization algorithm useful for finding low‐energy side‐chain configurations in side‐chain placement and protein design calculations. We present two simple enhancements to FASTER that together improve the computational efficiency of these calculations by as much as two orders of magnitude with no loss of accuracy. Our results highlight the importance of choosing appropriate initial configurations, and show that efficiency can be improved by stringently limiting the number of positions that are allowed to relax in response to a perturbation. The changes we describe improve the quality of solutions found for large‐scale designs, and allow them to be found in hours rather than days. The improved FASTER algorithm finds low‐energy solutions more efficiently than common optimization schemes based on the dead‐end elimination theorem and Monte Carlo. These advances have prompted investigations into new methods for force field parameterization and multiple state design. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1071–1075, 2006
Synergistic effect of chloride and sulfite ions on the atmospheric corrosion of bronze
Authors: Cao X. , Xu C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe effect of chloride along with sulfite ions on the atmospheric corrosion of bronze was investigated by using periodic wet‐dry tests, surface tension tests and electrochemical impedance measurements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the corrosion products. Both the electrochemical impedance measurements and surface tension tests agreed well with the results of weight loss measurements. Synergistic effect of chloride and sulfite ions was observed during the whole process. In addition, we found that the attack of anions on the metal at the initial corrosion stage showed good agreement with their surface activity. However, as the corrosion proceeded, the interaction among the corrosion products induced by chloride and HSO3− accelerated the corrosion process. A scheme was given to explain the whole corrosion process.
Identification and formation of green rust 2 as an atmospheric corrosion product of carbon steel in marine atmospheres
Authors: Santana Rodríguez J. J. , González González J. E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractGreen rust 2 (GR2(SO2−4 )) was detected amongst the products formed on a carbon steel rod exposed to atmospheric corrosion using X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The presence of green rust 2 has been related to sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sea spray. These were detected using test catch rods made out of inert material and posterior lab identification using Starkey culture. Likewise, after the exposure of said rods to sea environmental conditions, SRBs have been isolated from among the carbon steel corrosion products. The evolution of GR2(SO2−4 ) from GR1(SO2−4 ) was ruled out due to the tendency of this compund to produce GR2(SO2−4 ) in the presence of sulphate ions, as is the case here. Likewise, the evolution from GR1(Cl−) has also been ruled out since in such case as this compound should be formed (it has not been detected in any of the 39 stations studied), the enormous affinity of the GRs with divalent anions (such as is the case with SO2−4 ) as opposed to the monovalent ions (such as is the case of the Cl−) makes GR1(Cl−) transform into GR2 (SO2−4 ).
Algorithmic formulation and numerical implementation of coupled electromagnetic‐inelastic continuum models for electromagnetic metal forming
Authors: Stiemer Marcus , Unger Jaan , Svendsen Bob , Blum Heribert 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this work is the algorithmic formulation and implementation of a recent coupled electromagnetic‐inelastic continuum field model (Continuum Mech. Thermodyn. 2005; 17:1–16) for a class of engineering materials, which can be dynamically formed using strong magnetic fields. Although in general relevant, temperature effects are for the applications of interest here minimal and are neglected for simplicity. In this case, the coupling is due, on the one hand, to the Lorentz force acting as an additional body force in the material. On the other hand, the spatio‐temporal development of the magnetic field is very sensitive to changes in the shape of the workpiece, resulting in additional coupling. The algorithmic formulation and numerical implementation of this coupled model is based on mixed‐element discretization of the deformation and electromagnetic fields combined with an implicit, staggered numerical solution scheme on two meshes. In particular, the mechanical degrees of freedom are solved on a Lagrangian mesh and the electromagnetic ones on an Eulerian one. The issues of the convergence behaviour of the staggered algorithm and the influence of data transfer between the meshes on the solution is discussed in detail. Finally, the numerical implementation of the model is applied to the modelling and simulation of electromagnetic sheet forming. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 and Tie1 tyrosine kinase receptor on acute leukemia cells
Authors: Kivivuori Sanna‐Maria , Siitonen Sanna , Porkka Kimmo , Vettenranta Kim , Alitalo Riitta , Saarinen‐Pihkala Ulla 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundRecent data indicate a role for angiogenesis in hematologic malignancies. In addition to promoting new vessel growth in the bone marrow microenvironment, angiogenic factors are regulators of both hematopoietic and leukemic cells. Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR‐3) and Tie1 tyrosine kinase receptor are known to promote leukemia cell survival. The details of this complex angiogenesis‐related interaction are still uncertain.ProcedureWe studied bone marrow samples from 73 patients with acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or myelogenous (AML) leukemia by using immunological methods.ResultsVascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 expression was found in 15% of the samples, particularly in samples with pediatric lymphoblastic leukemias and monocytic AMLs. Tie1 protein expression was found in 11% of the samples, all of which were from adult AML patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there are angiogenesis‐related differences between pediatric and adult lymphoblastic leukemias as well as between lymphoid and myeloid leukemias. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial Currarino syndrome presenting with peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour arising with a sacral teratoma
Authors: Sen G. , Sebire N.J. , Olsen O. , Kiely E. , Levitt G.A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis report illustrates a rare genetic disorder, Currarino syndrome, in association with an unusual malignant transformation to a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour within a sacral teratoma. The triad of features consists of a presacral mass, partial sacral agenesis and anorectal anomalies. The most common presentation is constipation. In this case there was a history of constipation, teratomas and spinal abnormalities in many of the family members over three generations. Detailed family history taken at time of initial presentation may have prevented delay in diagnosis and averted the need for intensive treatment, which may well cause late sequelae. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:172–175. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.