bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyacetylenverbindungen, LXVIII. Über einen Polyinester aus Aster Novi Belgii L.
Authors: Bohlmann Ferdinand , Kleine Käthe‐Marie , Arndt Christian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNeben Lachnophyllumester wird eine neue optisch aktive Verbindung isoliert, deren Struktur als Angelicasäureester des cis‐8‐Hydroxy‐lachnophyllumesters geklärt und durch Synthese des racemischen trans‐Esters gesichert wird.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften einiger Diaryl‐diazomethane
Authors: Reimlinger Hans 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSynthese und Eigenschaften einer Reihe neuer Diaryl‐ diazomethane werden beschrieben. Sie zeichnen sich durch relativ hohe Säurestabilität aus. Das Phenyl‐γ‐pyridyl‐diazomethan bildet mit Trichloressigsäure ein isolierbares Salz. p‐Nitro‐ und p‐Cyan‐diphenyl‐diazomethan sowie die übrigen untersuchten Diaryl‐ diazomethane reagieren mit Trichloressigsäure oder 2.4‐Dinitro‐benzoesäure sofort unter Stickstoffentwicklung. Der Versuch, mit Dichlorcarben das Phenyl‐α‐pyridyl‐diazomethan vor der Cyclisation zum 1.2.7a‐Triaza‐inden‐Derivat abzufangen, verlief negativ. Letzteres entstand ebenfalls direkt bei der Reaktion von Tosylhydrazin mit Phenyl‐α‐pyridyl‐keton in kochendem äthanol. Das Triazainden‐Derivat wurde oxydativ zur 4‐Phenyl‐triazol‐carbonsäure‐(5) abgebaut.
Über Triorganometallfulminate von Silicium, Germanium, Zinn und Blei
Authors: Beck Wolfgang , Schuierer Erich 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTriphenylmetallfulminate von Elementen der 4. Hauptgruppe (C6H5)3MeCNO (MeSi, Ge, Sn, Pb) sowie Tripropylbleifulminat wurden durch Umsetzung der entsprechenden Halogenide oder Hydroxide mit Silber‐ bzw. Alkalifulminat dargestellt. Die Eigenschaften und IR‐Spektren der Verbindungen werden mitgeteilt und die Bindungsverhältnisse diskutiert. Bei der Siliciumverbindung (C6H5)3SiCNO wird eine dπ‐pπ‐Bindung zwischen Silicium und der CNO‐Gruppe nachgewiesen.
Derivate der Zucker‐mercaptale, XXXV. Darstellung und Mercaptalbildung der 2‐Desoxy‐D‐xylose
Authors: Zinner Helmut , Wulf Gerhard , Heinatz Ruthild 
Published: June 2007

Abstract2‐Desoxy‐D‐xylose läßt sich günstig aus 3‐ Desoxy‐D‐galaktose durch elektrolytische Oxydation zu Calcium‐ 3‐desoxy‐D‐galaktonat und dessen Abbau nach RUFF darstellen. Das Darstellungsverfahren für 3‐Desoxy‐D‐galaktose aus D‐Glucose wird verbessert. Beim Schütteln von 2‐Desoxy‐D‐xylose mit einem Mercaptan und konz. Salzsäure entstehen 2‐Desoxy‐D‐xylose mercaptale, die sich zu Triacetyl‐2‐desoxy‐D‐xylose‐ mercaptalen acetylieren lassen. Aus diesen erhält man durch Abspalten von Mercaptan die Triacetyl‐2‐desoxy‐al‐D‐xylose.
Über gezielte Aldolkondensationen
Authors: Wittig Georg , Frommeld Hans‐Dieter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSchiffsche Basen mit zur Carbimingruppe α‐ständigem Wasserstoffatom lassen sich mit geeigneten Basen anionisieren; optimal verläft die Anionisierung bei Umsetzung von Lithiumdiisopropylamid mit den Aldehydderivaten des Cyclohexylamins. Die resultierenden metallorganischen Verbindungen können in gezielter Aldoladdition mit Ketonen und Aldehyden vereinigt und durch anschließende saure Hydrolyse zu bislang auf diese Art unzugänglichen α,β‐ungesättigten Aldehyden abgewandelt werden. Bei Einwirkung von Alkylhalogeniden auf die metallierten Schiffschen Basen erhält man die entsprechenden C‐Alkyl‐Derivate.
Chemie der Cyansäureester, VI. Umsetzung von Cyansäureestern mit Hydrazin und Hydrazin‐Derivaten
Authors: Grigat Ernst , Pütter Rolf 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCyansäureester reagieren mit Hydrazin zu Hydrazin‐N.N′‐bis‐formimid‐säureestern (III), mit Alkyl‐ oder Arylhydrazinen zu Kohlensäureester‐imidhydraziden (VI); die aus Cyansäureestern und Acylhydrazinen primär entstehenden Kohlensäureester‐imid‐acylhydrazide gehen sofort unter Abspaltung der entsprechenden Hydroxylverbindungen in 2‐Amino‐1.3.4‐oxadiazole (XVI) über. Bei der Umsetzung von aromatischen Cyansäureestern mit orthoständiger Carbonsäureestergruppe mit Hydrazinderivaten erhält man 2‐Hydrazino‐4H‐1.3‐benzoxazinone‐(4) (X bzw. XIX).
On the Prebiotic Synthesis of Ribonucleotides: Photoanomerisation of Cytosine Nucleosides and Nucleotides Revisited
Authors: Powner Matthew W. , Anastasi Carole , Crowe Michael A. , Parkes Alastair L. , Raftery Jim , Sutherland John D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecent work has emphasised the importance of D‐ribose aminooxazoline 1 in the synthesis of cytidine ribonucleosides under potentially prebiotic conditions. Upon treatment with cyanoacetylene, 1 is transformed into α‐D‐cytidine (α‐2), and if an efficient means of anomerising this nucleoside or a derivative thereof were to be found, then the synthesis of one of the key β‐D‐nucleosides required to make RNA would be realised. Photoanomerisation of α‐2 has previously been described, but the yield was extremely low. Therefore, the present study was initiated to determine whether this low yield was the result of a low conversion or competing reaction pathways.
Traditional Risk Factors and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Hospitalized with Cocaine‐Associated Chest Pain
Authors: Bansal Darpan , Eigenbrodt Marsha , Gupta Ekta , Mehta J. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundCocaine causes coronary artery constriction and may cause acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The role of traditional coronary risk factors in cocaine‐associated myocardial infarction is unclear.HypothesisWe hypothesized that traditional risk factors play a major role in predicting AMI in patients admitted with cocaine‐associated chest painMethodsAfter reviewing 165 admissions for chest pain in patients with a history of recent cocaine use and/or a positive drug screen from January 2001 to December 2004, we identified 151 patients with information available on at least 6 of the following 7 risk factors: gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and known CAD. AMI was diagnosed using WHO criteria. A risk score was calculated on the basis of the number of risk factors, gender and age. Association of AMI was evaluated with the individual risk factors and with the risk score.ResultsAMI was identified in 21 patients (14%). All patients diagnosed with AMI were smokers. Continuous risk score (p < 0.0001), highest vs. lowest quartile of risk score (p = 0.007), known CAD, age, hyperlipidemia and family history of CAD were individually associated with the diagnosis of AMI (p≥0.05). Each quartile of risk score was associated with increased odds of the diagnosis of AMI and score of 8 or higher was statistically significant.ConclusionSeveral traditional risk factors are associated with the diagnosis of AMI among patients hospitalized with cocaine‐associated chest pain and increasing risk factor score was associated with increasing odds of AMI diagnosis. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Insulin Dependence on Inflammatory Process, Thrombotic Mechanisms and Endothelial Function, in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Antoniades Charalambos , Tousoulis Dimitris , Marinou Kyriakoula , Papageorgiou Nikos , Bosinakou Erini , Tsioufis Costas , Stefanadi Elli , Latsios George , Tentolouris Costas , Siasos Gerasimos , Stefanadis Christodoulos 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, increased thrombogeneisity and abnormal inflammatory response.HypothesisWe hypothesizsed that insulin dependence/exogenous insulin administration may affect thrombotic/inflammatory status and endothelial function in patients with T2DM and coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsFifty‐five patients with T2DM + CAD (26 insulin‐treated (INS) and 29 under oral biguanide + sulphonylurea (TABL)) were recruited. Endothelial function was assessed by gauge‐strain plethysmography, and serum levels of inflammatory and thrombotic markers were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThere was no significant difference in endothelium‐dependent dilation (EDD) between the study groups, while EDD was correlated with fasting glucose levels in both INS (r = − 0.776, p = 0.0001) and TABL (r = − 0.702, p = 0.0001). Patients in INS group had higher levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM‐1), compared to TABL. However, TNF‐α was negatively correlated with protein C (PrtC) only in INS (r = − 0.726, p = 0.01) but not in TABL group (r = − 0.066, p = 0.738). Similarly, sVCAM‐1 was correlated with PrtC only among INS patients (r = − 0.451, p = 0.046) but not in TABL (r = 0.069, p = 0.727). In multivariate analysis, insulin dependence was a predictor of IL‐6, TNF‐α, MCP‐1 and sVCAM‐1 levels independently from the patients' demographic characteristics, the angiographic extend of CAD or the duration of diabetes.ConclusionsInsulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus affects the expression of inflammatory cytokines and subsequently modifies the thrombotic mechanisms in patients with coronary atherosclerosis, independently from the duration of diabetes and the extend of coronary artery disease. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On volumetric locking‐free behaviour of p‐version finite elements under finite deformations
Authors: Heisserer Ulrich , Hartmann Stefan , Düster Alexander , Yosibash Zohar 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe demonstrate the locking‐free properties of the displacement formulation of p‐finite elements when applied to nearly incompressible Neo‐Hookean material under finite deformations. For an axisymmetric model problem we provide semi‐analytical solutions for a nearly incompressible Neo‐Hookean material exploited to investigate
the robustness of p‐FEM with respect to volumetric locking. An analytical solution for the incompressible case is also derived to demonstrate the convergence of the compressible numerical solution towards the incompressible case when the compression modulus is increased. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unusual Magnetic Behavior of a 2D Citrate‐Bridged Dysprosium(III) Coordination Polymer
Authors: Li Feng‐Yan , Xu Lin , Gao Guang‐Gang , Fan Li‐Hua , Bi Bo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new lanthanide citrate coordination polymer [Dy(citrate)(H2O)]n (1) was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, photoluminescence spectrum, and magnetic measurements. The structure of 1 exhibits a 2D layer structure, in which the Dy2O2 dimer serves as the building block. The photoluminescence spectrum shows blue luminescence in the solid state at room temperature. Owing to the special frustration structure, unusual magnetic relaxation was found in compound 1. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
p‐Quinoid Compounds by Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution with Hydride as Leaving Group
Authors: Hagel Marcel , Liu Jianhui , Muth Oliver , Estevez Rivera Hebert Jesus , Schwake Erik , Sripanom Lertnarong , Henkel Gerald , Dyker Gerald 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTriarylmethylium tetrafluoroborates with a sterically shielded cationic center react with selected C‐ and N‐nucleophiles under nucleophilic aromatic substitution to give dipolar p‐quinoid final products. The mechanistic rationale includes a hydride leaving group in analogy to the Tschitschibabin reaction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
1,3‐Diethynylallenes: Stable Monomers, Length‐Defined Oligomers, Asymmetric Synthesis, and Optical Resolution
Authors: ter Wiel Matthijs K. J. , Odermatt Severin , Schanen Patrick , Seiler Paul , Diederich François 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA series of differently substituted 1,3‐diethynylallenes (DEAs) have been synthesized, confirming that the previously introduced construction protocols tolerate a variety of functional groups. The new DEAs bear at least one polar group to facilitate enantiomer separations on chiral stationary phases and to allow further functionalization. They are thermally and environmentally stable compounds since bulky substituents next to the cumulene moiety suppress the tendency to undergo [2+2] cyclodimerization. A series of length‐defined oligomers were obtained as mixtures of stereoisomers by oxidative coupling of a monomeric DEA under Glaser–Hay conditions. The electronic absorption data indicate a lack of extended π‐electron conjugation across the oligomeric backbone due to the orthogonality of the allenic π‐systems. Remarkably, even complex mixtures of stereoisomers only yield one single set of NMR signals, which underlines the low stereodifferentiation in acyclic allenoacetylenic structures. Optical resolution of DEAs represents an amazing challenge, and preliminary results on the analytical level are reported. Asymmetric synthesis by Pd‐mediated SN2′‐type cross‐coupling of an alkyne to an optically pure bispropargylic precursor opens another promising route to optically active allenes with stereoselectivities currently reaching up to 78 % ee. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Self‐sacrifice as self‐defence: Mortality salience increases efforts to affirm a symbolic immortal self at the expense of the physical self
Authors: Routledge Clay , Arndt Jamie 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe increasing occurrence of suicide bombing attacks highlights a question that has received little direct empirical attention in social psychology. Why are people willing to sacrifice their lives to advance an ideological agenda? The current research suggests that willingness to self‐sacrifice reflects efforts to manage death awareness by investing in a symbolic identity that provides some form of immortality. If willingness to self‐sacrifice is a response to death awareness then increasing the salience of death thoughts should lead to an increase in willingness to self‐sacrifice for a death‐transcending symbolic identity (e.g. one's nation). Further, if self‐sacrifice after mortality salience (MS) is a striving for symbolic immortality then having participants imagine an alternative way to transcend death should moderate this effect. Support for these hypotheses was found as MS increased willingness of British participants to self‐sacrifice for England, but only when an alternative route to symbolic immortality was not provided. Implications are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sloshing behaviours of rectangular and cylindrical liquid tanks subjected to harmonic and seismic excitations
Authors: Chen Yung‐Hsiang , Hwang Wei‐Shien , Ko Chia‐Hao 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA numerical and experimental study on the sloshing behaviours of cylindrical and rectangular liquid tanks is addressed. A three‐dimensional boundary element method for space with the second‐order Taylor series expansion in time is established to simulate the sloshing phenomenon and its related physical quantities inside a liquid tank subjected to horizontal harmonic oscillations or recorded earthquake excitations. The small‐scale model experiments are carried out to verify some results of numerical methods in this study. The comparisons between numerical and experimental results show that the numerical method is reliable for both kinds of ground excitations. Finally, the water wave and the base shear force of a rectangular tank due to harmonic excitation are also presented at different frequencies. A huge cylindrical water tank subjected to a recorded earthquake excitation is used for application and discussion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multiprofessional educational programme on eating disorders for the psychiatric health services in Norway
Authors: Buhl Charlotte 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSixty‐six psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric nurses, psychiatric social workers, physicians and public nurses, treating eating disordered adults, adolescents and children in inpatient and outpatient units in the health services in Oslo have participated in a two‐year training programme. The programme is founded on: Six full‐day conferences with multiprofessional contributions to main issues in the treatment and diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa; organized supervisory groups meeting at a regular three‐week basis through the two years; individual supervision at need; and clinical psychiatric work with eating disordered patients. The effects of the programme are very positive, and demonstrate an increase in therapeutic activity and significant educational activity of the participants, who have become resource persons supervising other health professionals.
Eating behaviour and body dissatisfaction among dieters, aerobic exercisers and a control group
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Boughton Joanne 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study set out to investigate the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating behaviour in female ‘Weightwatchers’, aerobic exercisers and controls. A questionnaire combining the EAT‐40 (Garner and Garfinkel, 1979), the Body Shape Questionnaire (Cooper et al. 1987) and the Body Esteem Scale (Franzoi and Shields, 1984) was administered to a total of 110 subjects. Descriptive data concerning age, occupation, actual weight, ideal weight, ‘vital statistics’ and height were also collected. Results partially confirmed the first hypothesis, which found ‘Weightwatchers’ scoring the highest on eating disorders and body dissatisfaction. No significant differences were found between controls and aerobic exercisers.
Disturbances of weight control behaviours and psychological functioning in individuals presenting to an outpatient eating disorder unit: A descriptive study
Authors: O'Kearney Richard , Gertler Robert , Conti Janet , Duff Marian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe behavioural, psychological and demographic characteristsics of a sample of 169 patients presenting to a speciality eating disorder outpatient clinic are described. While disturbances of weight control involving restrictive eating are common within the sample, overeating and behaviours compensating for dietary failures are distributed more variably. The severity of these behavioural disturbances suggest that approximately 50 per cent of these patients would be currently classified as subclinical. Despite this, the psychological profile of the sample is equivalent to diagnosed eating disordered samples and identifies significant amounts of psychopathology. The study argues for a broadening of the empirical approaches to the understanding and treatment of all patients with disorders of eating and weight control.
Dissociative experiences, trauma and eating disorders in a female college sample
Authors: Favaro Angela , Santonastaso Paolo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present study evaluated the relationship among reported trauma, dissociative experiences and eating disorders in a female college sample. The presence of eating disorder (ED) in 491 female college students was assessed by a two‐stage epidemiological procedure. Dissociative experiences were assessed by the Dissociation Questionnaire. There was a trend towards more frequent abuse experiences in the ED group (full and partial syndromes) compared to normals. Rates of sexual and/or physical abuse did not differ in full and partial syndromes. The ED group did not differ significantly from normals on DIS‐Q scores. Dissociative effects of abuse experiences were evaluated separately in the ED and in the normal group.
What can the art of anorexic patients tell us about their internal world: A case study
Authors: Acharya M. , Wood M. J. M. , Robinson P. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractArt therapy is a form of psychotherapy in which the patient's own image or artwork is the focus of interaction between the therapist and patient. This paper examines the artwork of a 27‐year‐old woman with a long history of anorexia nervosa with bulimic symptoms. During her in‐patient treatment, she attended art therapy and body image therapy, where her ratings of her own body size were recorded. Various aspects of the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa including body image disturbance, depression and obsessive compulsive features are well illustrated here by the images produced during art therapy.
A case of anorexia nervosa in a Chinese boy brought up in the United Kingdom
Authors: Chapman Victoria , Procopio Marco 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis is the first report of anorexia nervosa in a child from a Chinese immigrant family. Anorexia nervosa has been described as rare in China and in the Chinese Community of Hong Kong possibly because of protective biological and cultural factors which are specific to the Chinese. This case attempts to illustrate that such factors may be lost in Chinese families now living in the West and that also there are indications that anorexia nervosa may be under‐diagnosed in such families.
Subspace recursive weighted LS solution of iterative synchronisation in time‐variant channel
Authors: Sykora Jan , Vcelak Jan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractExpectation‐Maximisation (EM) based iterative synchroniser is a particular form of the Information Measure Directed (IMD) synchroniser usinga posteriorisoft information from the iterative decoding network. We solve the problem of EM‐based IMD synchronisation in the generalfast time‐variantchannel. The channel coefficients are allowed to change arbitrarily up to the granularity of the symbol period. We have identified the correspondence between the EM iterator and the weighted least squares (LS) problem. This allows to utilise a wide range of solutions developed for the LS problem. Particularly interesting is thesubspace order recursiveform of the LS iterator which reduces the implementation complexity. The parameter subspace in the estimator is modelled using a wide range of configuration. This allows consideration for the channel dynamics while reducing the dimensionality of the problem substantially when the model is properly matched to the real channel behaviour including an adaptive subspace dimension setting. The procedure is demonstrated on example systems with the estimation of phase and jointly amplitude and phase on serially concatenated coding scheme. We use realistic Jake's Doppler dynamics as an example for the true channel and variety of subspace models for the EM estimator. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical model for flame spread along combustible flat solid with charring material with experimental validation of ceiling flame spread and upward flame spread
Authors: Weng W. G. , Hasemi Y. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper gives a numerical model for flame spread along combustible flat solid with charring materials. The presented model consists of a one‐dimensional flame spread model coupled with a one‐dimensional pyrolysis model. The existing experimental data (the ceiling flame spread beneath medium density fibreboard) are used for comparison to validate the model. In addition, the model can also be used to predict upward flame spread; only some expressions are changed. A comparison with full‐scale experimental data on the upward flame spread over plywoods from the literature is performed. The results obtained from numerical simulations using the model are consistent with these two kinds of experimental tests. Thus, the presented model is appropriate for modelling not only the ceiling flame spread, but also the upward flame spread. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd.