Application of 3D Visualization Technology to Structural Interpretation of Complex Fields in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Stoner Doug , Moustafa Tarek 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The rapidly evolving technology of three-dimensional visualization is proving an extremely valuable exploration and exploitation tool in various geologic settings. This paper presents an example of the application 3-D visualization and geologic modeling to several structurally complex fields in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. In an exploitation setting, geological, geophysical, petrophysical and engineering information can be integrated to build a comprehensive reservoir model that can enhance reservoir management planning. 3-D visualization technology can be used during the entire work flow to visualize raw data in three-dimensional space, interpret and model geometries, validate interpretations, enhance multi-disciplinary interaction and present final results. 3-D visualization of complex structure and reservoir heterogeneities is especially effective in areas like the Gulf of Suez, where seismic imaging has historically difficult. In this setting the geologist must rely more heavily on wellbore-related information such as electric log correlation and dipmeter data to interpret the detailed structural complexities. Typically a series of two-dimensional cross sections are used to interpret the three-dimensional geometry of the field, making accurate interpretations which preserve volume difficult. Development well success ratios in structurally complex fields suffer as a result. Three-dimensional visualization of fault planes, horizons and unconformities in an interactive mode will result in improved structural models, since inconsistent interpretations will be seen more easily in a 3-D model than on 2-D maps and cross sections. Using information displayed along deviated wellpaths in three-dimensions, alternative solutions can then be iteratively visualized and tested.

Introduction
Three dimensional visualization is proving to be an extremely valuable tool in the exploration and exploitation of structurally complex areas such as the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. This paper will demonstrate the advantages of working in three dimensions rather than two dimensions. Several fields in the Gulf of Suez have been studied using this approach, and form the basis for the discussion in the paper. These fields are all structurally complex, and their definition is further complicated by poor seismic resolution, thereby making the geoscientist's job much more difficult.
The three-dimensional tool allows the use of well data without having to project wells into cross sections. It also allows the interpreter to view a cluster of wells together in proper 3-dimensional space, rather than just a select few that fit close to a line of section. This allows the visualization of trends which develop in 3-dimensions in the data set. This has proven especially useful in determining whether an anomalous sequence in a well is the result of an unconformity or a fault.
Other problems are avoided as the tool allows one to work in a volumetric mode rather than having to mentally project the third dimension into a two-dimensional map or cross section. Another advantage is the ability to do several iterations based on interactive interpretation and to validate each idea by viewing both the raw data and the interpreted model at the same time.
Multi-disciplinary interaction is also greatly enhanced since reservoir engineers are able to more readily understand the interpreted reservoir description by viewing a 3-D model. The ability to slice the model along any x, y or z plane allows the team to better understand the performance of existing wells with respect to cross-fault juxtapositions, fault block geometry etc. It also aids in the detection of poorly swept areas of a reservoir which would benefit from additional development drilling. These advantages will become apparent through the discussion of the 3-D workflow process.
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