bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spectral/hp element modelling of steady flow in non‐planar double bends
Authors: Lee K. E. , Parker K. H. , Caro C. G. , Sherwin S. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to better understand steady flow in three‐dimensional non‐planar double bend geometries which are chosen to loosely model a right coronary or femoral artery, neglecting branches. The knowledge gained from idealized geometries can subsequently be applied to anatomically correct geometries. The three‐dimensional computations of steady flows in planar and non‐planar double bends at Reynolds numbers of 125 and 500 were performed using a high accuracy, spectral/hp element Navier–Stokes solver. In this study, we analyse the haemodynamics in terms of various mechanical factors (i.e. axial velocity, secondary flows, vorticity and coherent vortical structures). Although the effects of curvature and non‐planarity on the flows are complex and often non‐intuitive, from the
numerical results, we can simplify and anticipate the secondary flow patterns, and by associations the wall shear stress distribution, in various double bend geometries with different non‐planarities at physiological Reynolds number (100⩽Re⩽500). Non‐planarity has the biggest effects on mixing and swirling of flow as observed through the coherent vortical structures and asymmetric secondary flow streamlines. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of psychosis of Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia: a meta‐analysis of 4 placebo‐controlled clinical trials
Authors: Katz Ira , de Deyn Peter‐Paul , Mintzer Jacobo , Greenspan Andrew , Zhu Young , Brodaty Henry 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundDementia typically includes behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) as well as cognitive decline. Psychosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a specific component of AD, characterized by delusions, misidentifications, and hallucinations.MethodsThis study is a meta‐analysis of patients with psychosis of AD from four large placebo‐controlled clinical trials of risperidone in dementia. Three trials included patients diagnosed with heterogeneous symptoms of BPSD (those with psychosis of AD were included in this analysis), while one trial included only those diagnosed with psychosis of AD. Efficacy was measured using the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease (BEHAVE‐AD) Psychosis subscale and Clinical Global Impression (CGI).ResultsPrimary analyses in the psychosis of AD population demonstrated that risperidone significantly improved scores on the BEHAVE‐AD Psychosis subscale and CGI scale compared with placebo. Secondary analyses demonstrated that patients with more severe symptoms showed a more pronounced response to treatment with risperidone compared with placebo than those patients with less severe symptoms. Extrapyramidal symptoms and somnolence were more frequent with risperidone than placebo (p = 0.04). Cerebrovascular adverse events and all‐cause mortality were observed more frequently, although not statistically significantly, with risperidone versus placebo.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis of psychosis of AD showed improvement in psychotic symptoms and general clinical improvement in patients with psychosis of AD treated with risperidone compared with placebo. The benefits of treatment were most significant in patients with severe symptoms. The safety profile of risperidone in this psychosis of AD population was similar to the more general BPSD population. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of the hydrological component of an urban soil–vegetation–atmosphere–transfer model
Authors: Lemonsu A. , Masson V. , Berthier E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA numerical study was conducted on the Rezé suburban catchment (Nantes, France) to evaluate the hydrological component of the town energy balance (TEB) scheme, which simulates in a coupled way the water and energy balances for the urban covers. The catchment is a residential area where hydrological data were continuously collected from 1993 to 1998 by the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC), notably the runoff in the stormwater drainage network. A 6‐year simulation with the TEB and interaction soil–biosphere–atmosphere (ISBA) schemes in off‐line mode enabled the comparison of modelled and observed runoff. Some weaknesses of the TEB were uncovered and led to improved parameterization of water exchanges: (1) calibration of the maximum capacity of the rainfall interception reservoir on roads and roofs and (2) inclusion of water infiltration through the roads, according to a simple formulation. The calibration of this water flux gives results that are consistent with direct measurements of water infiltration performed on the Rezé site and from the literature. The new parameterization produces better runoff in terms of timing and magnitude, which are comparable to those obtained by the LCPC with other hydrological models. It shows also the impact of the water infiltration through the roads, corresponding to a water transfer from the TEB to ISBA, on the water balance: the water contents of road, roof and soil reservoirs being modified, the evaporation from artificial surfaces decreases, while the evapotranspiration from natural covers increases. Through the evaporative flux, such a modification of the water balance induces large repercussions on the surface energy balance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and degradation behavior of polyanhydrides nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Wen‐Chuan , Chu I.‐Ming 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPolyanhydrides have been used in many drug delivery systems because of their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Their degradation pattern of surface erosion made them suitable for stable drug release applications. However, in nanoparticle systems, this degradation pattern may not hold, and the drug release kinetics will be different also. In this study, copolymers of 1,3‐bis(p‐carboxyphenoxy)propane (CPP) and sebacic acid (SA) were synthesized to investigate the different degradation patterns of disk and nanoparticle forms of polyanhydride, in addition to the study of the method of preparation of nanoparticles from these copolymers. By using oil‐in‐water emulsion and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as emulsifier, nanoparticles of the size 200–500 nm were prepared. The size of the particles can be controlled by varying polymer concentration or PVA concentration, but different SA:CPP ratio did not affect the particle size significantly. Degradation was followed by detecting the amount of monomers released to the medium. It was found that CPP and SA were released at approximately the same rate from nanoparticles; while in disk form, SA was released much faster than CPP. It was found that contrary to general trend in disks, higher CPP content, a more hydrophobic component than SA, in the copolymer actually accelerated the degradation of nanoparticles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides enhance CD14 endocytosis of LPS and promote TLR4 signal transduction of cytokine expression
Authors: Hua Kuo‐Feng , Hsu Hsien‐Yeh , Chao Louis Kuoping , Chen Shui‐Tein , Yang Wen‐Bin , Hsu Jason , Wong Chi‐Huey 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe have previously reported that a well‐characterized glycoprotein fraction containing fucose residues in an extract of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (EORP) exerts certain immuno‐modulation activity by stimulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines via TLR4. Continuing our studies, we have demonstrated that EORP increases the surface expression of CD14 and TLR4 within murine macrophages J774A.1 cells in vitro, and further promotes LPS binding and uptake by J774A.1 cells in a CD14‐dependent fashion. Moreover, we observed the co‐localization of internalized LPS with lysosome‐ and Golgi‐apparatus markers within 5 min after J774A.1 cells stimulated with LPS. In addition, EORP pretreatment of J774A.1 cells and human blood‐derived primary macrophages, followed by LPS stimulation, results in the super‐induction of interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1) expression. Endocytosis inhibitors: such as cytochalasin D and colchicine effectively block EORP‐enhanced LPS internalization by J774A.1 cells; yet they fail to decrease the LPS‐induced phosphorylation of certain mitogen‐activated protein kinases, and IL‐1 mRNA and proIL‐1 protein expression, indicating that LPS internalization by J774A.1 cells is not associated with LPS‐dependent activation. Our current results could provide a potential EORP‐associated protection mechanism for bacteria infection by enhancing IL‐1 expression and the clearance of contaminated LPS by macrophages. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 537–550, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
If pemphigus vulgaris IgG are the cause of acantholysis, new IgG‐independent mechanisms are the concause
Authors: Cirillo Nicola , Lanza Michele , Femiano Felice , Gaeta Giovanni Maria , De Rosa Alfredo , Gombos Fernando , Lanza Alessandro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a disease of epidermal adhesion. Its pathogenesis is currently traced back to the action of autoantibodies against antigens located within the intercellular substance of keratinocytes, such as desmogleins and acetylcholine receptors. In the present paper, we sought to elucidate the non‐IgG‐mediated effects of PV sera on keratinocytes. Results showed that PV sera depleted of IgG were able to induce well‐defined changes on keratinocyte morphology and metabolic activity. Indeed, PV IgG‐free sera determined marked alterations on cell shape, accompanied by partial loss of keratinocyte–keratinocyte interactions within 48 h after treatment. Furthermore, PV IgG‐depleted sera caused a sharp reduction of cell viability along with a less sustained weakening of intercellular adhesion strength. In light of the above findings, loss of cell–cell adhesion in PV occurs as a result of the cooperating action of both IgG and non‐IgG‐mediated mechanisms. These data have remarkable consequences on experimental models of PV and might open new “biological” approaches to its therapy. Thus, researchers are well advised that PV pathophysiology cannot be faithfully reproduced by leaving non‐IgG serum factors out of consideration. J. Cell. Physiol. 212:563–567, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A retroviral packaging cell line for pseudotype vectors based on glioma‐infiltrating progenitor cells
Authors: Fischer Yvonne Heidemarie , Miletic Hrvoje , Giroglou Tsanan , Litwak Sara , Stenzel Werner , Neumann Harald , von Laer Dorothee 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundEarly clinical trials for gene therapy of human gliomas with retroviral packaging cells (PC) have been hampered by low transduction efficacy and lack of dissemination of PC within the tumor. In the current approach, these issues have been addressed by creating a stable packaging cell line for retroviral vectors pseudotyped with glycoproteins of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) based on tumor‐infiltrating progenitor cells.MethodsTumor‐infiltrating progenitor cells, which had been isolated from adult rat bone marrow (BM‐TIC), were modified to stably express Gag‐Pol proteins of moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo‐MLV) and glycoproteins of LCMV. Packaging of a retroviral vector was measured by titration experiments on human fibroblast cells as well as on mouse and human glioma cell lines. Additionally, gene transfer was tested in a rat glioma model in vivo.ResultsThe BM‐TIC‐derived packaging cell line (BM‐TIPC) produced retroviral vectors with titers between 2–8 × 103 transducing units (TU)/ml. Extended culturing of BM‐TIPC over several weeks and freezing/thawing of cells did not affect vector titers. No replication‐competent retrovirus was released from BM‐TIPC. In a rat glioma model, BM‐TIPC infiltrated the tumors extensively and with high specificity. Moreover, BM‐TIPC mediated transduction of glioma cells in vivo.ConclusionThis proof‐of‐principle study shows that primary adult progenitor cells with tumor‐infiltrating capacity can be genetically modified to stably produce retroviral LCMV pseudotype vectors. These BM‐TIPC may be a useful tool to enhance specificity and efficacy of gene transfer to gliomas in patients. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene transfer of human TCR in primary murine T cells is improved by pseudo‐typing with amphotropic and ecotropic envelopes
Authors: Pouw Nadine M. C. , Westerlaken Elike J. , Willemsen Ralph A. , Debets Reno 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundT cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy represents an attractive anti‐cancer treatment but requires further optimization of its efficacy and safety in clinically relevant models, such as those using a tumor antigen and TCR of human origin. Currently, however, there is no consensus as to what protocol is most optimal for retroviral human TCR gene transfer into primary murine T cells, most notably with respect to virus pseudo‐type.MethodsPrimary murine T cells were transduced, expanded and subsequently tested for transgene expression, proliferation and antigen‐specific function. To this end, murine leukemia virus (MLV) retroviruses were produced upon transfection of various packaging cells with genes encoding either green fluorescent protein (GFP) or TCRαβ specific for human melanoma antigen gp100280–288 and the helper elements GAG/POL and ENV. Next to viral pseudotyping, the following parameters were studied: T cell densities; T cell activation; the amounts of IL‐2 and the source of serum used to supplement medium.ResultsThe pseudo‐type of virus produced by packaging cells critically determines T cell transduction efficiencies. In fact, MLV‐A and MLV‐E pseudo‐typed viruses derived from a co‐culture of Phoenix‐A and 293T cells resulted in T cell transduction efficiencies that were two‐fold higher than those based on retroviruses expressing either VSV‐G, GALV, MLV‐A or MLV‐E envelopes. In addition, T cell densities during transduction were inversely related to transduction efficiencies. Further optimization resulted in transduction efficiencies of over 90% for GFP, and 68% for both a murine and a human (i.e. murinized) TCR. Importantly, TCR‐transduced T cells proliferate (i.e. showing a log increase in cell number in a few days) and show antigen‐specific function.ConclusionsWe set up a quick and versatile method to genetically modify primary murine T cells based on transient production of TCR‐positive retroviruses, and show that retroviral gene transfer of a human TCR into primary murine T cells is critically improved by viral pseudo‐typing with both MLV‐A and MLV‐E envelopes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of intracellular HAP1 trafficking
Authors: Rong Juan , Li Shi‐Hua , Li Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA number of proteins are known to interact with huntingtin (htt), the Huntington's disease (HD) protein. Understanding the function of these htt‐associated proteins could help elucidate the pathogenesis of HD and the role that htt plays in the disease process. The present review focuses on one such protein, huntingtin‐associated protein 1 (HAP1), which has proved to be involved in intracellular trafficking. Unlike huntingtin, which is expressed ubiquitously throughout the brain and body, HAP1 is enriched in neurons, suggesting that its dysfunction could contribute to the selective neuropathology in HD. HAP1 binds microtubule‐dependent transporters that engage anterograde or retrograde transport and also associates with a variety of organelles and membrane receptors. This raises the interesting issue of how the HAP1 trafficking function is regulated. We discuss recent evidence for the involvement of HAP1 in intracellular trafficking as well as potential mechanisms that may regulate its trafficking. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prophylaxis of venous thrombosis in patients with cancer undergoing major abdominal surgery: emerging options
Authors: Agnelli Giancarlo , Caprini Joseph A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCancer is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). This risk is amplified by treatment with chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery. Thus, patients with cancer undergoing major surgery should receive appropriate prophylaxis. Available agents include low‐dose unfractionated heparin (LDUH), low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH), and Factor Xa inhibitors. Recent data suggest that Factor Xa inhibitors are safe and effective for VTE prevention in patients with cancer undergoing abdominal surgery. Further study in this patient population is warranted. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96: 265–272. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Existence and representation of solutions of a class of elliptic systems of partial differential equations of first order in the space
Authors: Goldschmidt Bernd 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe study the existence of solutions of the general elliptic system of partial differential equations in the space where the principal part may be represented with the help of a CLIFFORDalgebra 𝔄. We construct an integral representation and discuss the properties of the kernels.
On Generalized Planar Random Tesellations
Authors: Stoyan Dietrich 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe mean value formulae of MECKE for planar random tessellations are true also for tessellations with not‐necessarily convex cells. The same is true for a formula of Ambartzumian for the mean of the product of area and perimeter length of the “typical” cell. While the mean area of the cell containing the origin is greater than that of the “typical” cell, for mean perimeter length and mean edge number analogous inequalities are not true in general.
Quantum Fields as Pointlike Localized Objects, II
Authors: Wollenberg Manfred 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA class of quantum fields on a KREǏN space is considered. It is shown that these quantum fields are well defined objects at each space‐time point in the meaning of sesquilinear forms. Conversely, it is proved that a special class of sesquilinear forms defines quantum fields on a KREǏN space.
On the Equivalence of Different Approaches to Stochastic Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Jetschke G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe solution of a stochastic partial differential equation with white noise disturbance can be treated in two different ways: as a real‐valued random field or as a function‐space valued stochastic process. After introducing these views briefly it is shown that these two approaches are equivalent. Some further results on FOURIER decomposition and on asymptotic behaviour of the linear equation are given and a few comments on the nonlinear case are added.
An Implicit Function Theorem in Locally Convex Spaces
Authors: Lorenz Klaus Jürgen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe notion of strict differentiability in BANACH spaces is generalized to locally convex spaces in such a way, that computations in the bornological operator ideal of bounded operators play the role of norm estimations. We get a remarkably rich theory including not only the easy formulas like the chain rule, but also the deep theorems like the implicit function theorem. The BANACH space proofs can be translated almost literally.
Two‐Sided Closed Ideals of Certain Algebras of Unbounded Operators
Authors: Kürsten Klaus‐Detlef 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper investigates the two‐sided uniformly closed ideals of the maximal Op*‐algebra L+(D) of (bounded or unbounded) operators on a dense domain D in a HILBERT space. It is assumed that D is a FRECHET space with respect to the graph topology. The set of all non‐trivial two‐sided closed ideals of L+(D) is well‐ordered by inclusion and the α‐th closed ideal 𝔍α is generated by the orthogonal projections onto HILBERTian subspaces of D of dimension less then 𝔍α. An element A in L+(D) belongs to the minimal closed ideal 𝔍0 if and only if the following two equivalent conditions are satisfied: a) A maps bounded subsets of D into relatively compact sets. b) A maps weakly convergent sequences in D into convergent sequences.
On Scattering for SCHRÖDINGER Operators with Anisotropic and Singular Potentials
Authors: Demuth Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe existence of wave operators is considered for SCHRÖDINGER operators with anisotropic potentials. The potentials may have positive barriers which are allowed to increase up to infinity over unbounded regions in Rn. The convergence of the corresponding wave and scattering operators is shown. In the time‐dependent geometric proofs the FEYNMAN‐KAC‐formula is applied essentially.
Poisson Convergence in the n‐Cube
Authors: Weber Karl 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe consider two types of random subgraphs of the n‐cube Qn obtained by independent deletion the vertices (together with all edges incident with them) or the edges of Qn, respectively, with a prescribed probability q = 1 — p. For these two probabilistic models we determine some values of the probability p for which the number of (isolated) k‐dimensional subcubes or the number of vertices of a given degree k, respectively, has asymptotically a Poisson or a Normal distribution. The technique which will be used is that of Poisson convergence introduced by BARBOUR [1] (see also [4]).
Limit Theorems for Branching Diffusions in Hydrodynamical Rescaling
Authors: Dittrich Peter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe hydrodynamical limit is studied for infinite systems of BROWNian particles in Rd, d = 3, which branch out at exponentially distributed times according to a critical offspring distribution with finite second moment. In the second part a central limit theorem for the hydrodynamical fluctuations is derived in the case, when the branching mechanism has a finite third moment.
Random Clarkson inequalities and LP versions of Grothendieck's inequality
Authors: Tonge Andrew 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn a recent paper KATO [3] used the LITTLEWOOD matrices to generalise CLARKSON'S inequalities. Our first aim is to indicate how KATO'S result can be deduced from a neglected version of the HAUSDORFF‐YOUNG inequality which was proved by WELLS and WILLIAMS [12]. We next establish „random CLARKSON inequalities”︁. These show that the expected behaviour of matrices whose coefficients are random ± 1′s is, as one might expect, the same as the behaviour that KATO observed in the LITTLEWOOD matrices. Finally we show how sharp Lp versions of GROTHENDIECK'S inequality can be obtained by combining a KATO‐like result with a theorem of BENNETT [1] on SCHUR multipliers.