bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A brief pain management program compared with physical therapy for low back pain: Results from an economic analysis alongside a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Whitehurst D. G. T. , Lewis M. , Yao G. L. , Bryan S. , Raftery J. P. , Mullis R. , Hay E. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveGuidelines for the management of acute low back pain in primary care recommend early intervention to address psychosocial risk factors associated with long‐term disability. We assessed the cost utility and cost effectiveness of a brief pain management program (BPM) targeting psychosocial factors compared with physical therapy (PT) for primary care patients with low back pain of <12 weeks' duration.MethodsA total of 402 patients were randomly assigned to BPM or PT. We adopted a health care perspective, examining the direct health care costs of low back pain. Outcome measures were quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and 12‐month change scores on the Roland and Morris disability questionnaire. Resource use data related to back pain were collected at 12‐month followup. Cost effectiveness was expressed as incremental ratios, with uncertainty assessed using cost‐effectiveness planes and acceptability curves.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in mean health care costs or outcomes between treatments. PT had marginally greater effectiveness at 12 months, albeit with greater health care costs (BPM £142, PT £195). The incremental cost‐per‐QALY ratio was £2,362. If the UK National Health Service were willing to pay £10,000 per additional QALY, there is only a 17% chance that BPM provides the best value for money.ConclusionPT is a cost‐effective primary care management strategy for low back pain. However, the absence of a clinically superior treatment program raises the possibility that BPM could provide an additional primary care approach, administered in fewer sessions, allowing patient and doctor preferences to be considered.
Effect of anatomic realignment on muscle function during gait in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Ramsey Dan K. , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn , Lewek Michael , Newcomb William , Rudolph Katherine S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) and genu varum use different movement and muscle activation patterns to increase joint stability during gait. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether opening‐wedge high‐tibial osteotomy (OW‐HTO) corrected pathomechancial abnormalities associated with the progression of knee OA.MethodsFifteen patients diagnosed with medial knee OA and genu varum who were scheduled for OW‐HTO were tested prior to and 1 year following OW‐HTO. Fifteen age‐ and sex‐matched controls were also tested. Frontal plane laxity was measured from stress radiographs. All participants underwent quadriceps strength testing with a burst superimposition technique and gait analysis with surface electromyography to calculate knee joint kinematics and kinetics and muscle co‐contraction during the stance phase of gait. Participants rated their knee function and instability using a self‐report questionnaire.ResultsStatic alignment improved following the surgery. Medial laxity (P= 0.003) and instability (P= 0.002) significantly improved, and statistical reductions in the adduction moment resulted in lower levels of vastus medialis‐medial gastrocnemius muscle co‐contractions (P= 0.089). Despite improvements in global rating of knee function (P= 0.001), the OA group's ratings remained significantly lower than those of the healthy controls (P= 0.001). Quadriceps strength deficits and knee flexion impairments persisted.ConclusionPersistent quadriceps weakness and impaired knee kinematics after realignment suggest that the movement strategy may perpetuate joint destruction and impede the long‐term success of realignment. Rehabilitation should focus on quadriceps strength and improving joint mobility to improve the long‐term function of individuals with medial knee OA.
Work‐related repetitive strain injury and leisure‐time physical activity
Authors: Ratzlaff C. R. , Gillies J. H. , Koehoorn M. W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between leisure‐time physical activity and work‐related repetitive strain injury (RSI), adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and work‐related physical and stress factors.MethodsThe data source was the 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey, a national cross‐sectional survey of 134,072 respondents. The analysis was limited to a sample of the survey population reporting full‐time work during the past 12 months (n = 58,622). The outcome of interest was work‐related RSI of the upper body. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the outcome and leisure‐time physical activity level, adjusted for sociodemographic, health, and occupational characteristics. The potential effect of leisure‐time physical activity with a high upper‐body load was investigated in a secondary analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of upper‐body work‐related RSI was 5.9% in the Canadian population in 2003. An active lifestyle during leisure time was associated with a lower prevalence of work‐related upper‐body RSI (odds ratio 0.84, 99% confidence interval 0.75–0.95), after adjustment for work physical demands and other covariates. Female sex, obesity, smoking, age, work‐related stress, and work physical demands were associated with RSI. In the secondary analysis, we did not find that participating in leisure‐time activities with a high upper‐body load was a risk factor for RSI.ConclusionOur study results indicate that being physically active during leisure time is associated with a decreased risk of upper‐body occupational RSI, adding another potential health benefit to participation in leisure‐time physical activity.
Daily health status registration (patient diary) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A comparison between personal digital assistant and paper‐pencil format
Authors: Heiberg Turid , Kvien Tore K. , Dale Øystein , Mowinckel Petter , Aanerud Gerd J. , Songe‐Møller Ann B. , Uhlig Till , Hagen Kåre B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe patient perspective workshops at the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials have included daily measures of health status (patient diary) and use of electronic tools for data collection in the research agenda. The objective of this study was to compare daily and weekly registrations of self‐reported health status measures between personal digital assistant (PDA) and paper‐pencil (PP) format regarding scores, variation, and feasibility.MethodsThirty‐eight patients with stable rheumatoid arthritis recorded their health status during 84 days in a repeated crossover design, using PDA or PP format during four 21‐day periods. Visual analog scales (VAS) for pain, fatigue, and global disease and the Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index were scored daily; the Short Form 36 and Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire were scored weekly.ResultsThe average scores and measures of variation of the 4 daily health status measures over 21 days did not differ significantly between PDA and PP formats in either of the 2 crossover periods. The values for the average range between the maximum and minimum values for daily measures were similar between the 2 formats, but showed considerable variation (e.g., range for pain VAS was 19–28 mm over each 21‐day period). The time to complete the instruments was similar between the 2 formats. Missing daily data entries were generally low for both periods and somewhat higher for PDA. The majority of patients (82.9%) preferred using PDA.ConclusionDaily assessments with PDA may be efficiently used for frequent data collection because this format performs similarly to the traditional PP format.
Risk of congestive heart failure with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and selective Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors: A class effect?
Authors: Hudson Marie , Rahme Elham , Richard Hugues , Pilote Louise 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveNonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as a class have been shown to increase the risk of congestive heart failure (CHF) compared with celecoxib. The magnitude of the risk for individual NSAIDs is not known.MethodsUsing administrative databases, we performed a nested case–control study in a population‐based cohort of patients ages ≥66 years admitted for CHF between January 1998 and March 2003. Cases were patients readmitted for CHF after cohort entry (index date). Four controls were matched to each case on date of cohort entry and time between cohort entry and index date. Exposure was the current use of an NSAID or a coxib in the 7 days prior to CHF readmission. Using conditional logistic regression, we calculated the odds of readmission for CHF in patients exposed to naproxen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, or rofecoxib compared with celecoxib, after adjusting for possible confounding variables.ResultsWe identified 8,512 cases and 34,048 controls. The baseline characteristics between the groups were similar in general. The odds of being readmitted for CHF were higher in patients currently exposed to indomethacin (odds ratio [OR] 2.04, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.16–3.58) or rofecoxib (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.19–2.11) compared with celecoxib. There was no difference between naproxen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen compared with celecoxib, although the numbers of exposed cases and controls were small.ConclusionIn elderly patients with known CHF, indomethacin and rofecoxib are associated with a greater risk of recurrent CHF compared with celecoxib. Alternatives should be considered for patients with CHF who require antiinflammatory drugs.
Social functioning and peer relationships of adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Kashikar‐Zuck Susmita , Lynch Anne M. , Graham T. Brent , Swain Nicole F. , Mullen Sara M. , Noll Robert B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess peer relationships of adolescents with juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome (JPFS) compared with matched classroom comparison peers (MCCPs) without a chronic illness. JPFS is characterized by chronic musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and difficulty with daily functioning. Adolescents with JPFS often report problems with school and participating in peer activities, placing them at risk for social isolation from their peers and psychosocial adjustment problems.MethodsParticipants were 55 adolescents with JPFS (ages 12–18 years) from a pediatric outpatient rheumatology clinic and 55 MCCPs. Data on peer reputation and peer acceptance were collected from teachers, peers, and self report in a classroom setting with no focus on JPFS.ResultsAdolescents with JPFS were perceived (by peer and self reports) as being more isolated and withdrawn and less popular. Adolescents with JPFS were less well liked, were selected less often as a best friend, and had fewer reciprocated friendships.ConclusionOur findings suggest that adolescents with JPFS are experiencing problems with peer relationships. Given the central role that peer relationships play in psychological development of children, and because peer rejection and isolation have been associated with subsequent adjustment problems, these findings are concerning. Longitudinal studies of adolescents with JPFS are needed to ascertain whether these patients are at long‐term risk and will provide a foundation for the need for early interventions. Results are discussed within the context of earlier findings for other adolescents with chronic illness and rheumatic conditions, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, who demonstrated no social problems.
Evaluation of the preliminary definitions of minimal disease activity and remission in an early seropositive rheumatoid arthritis cohort
Authors: Khanna Dinesh , Oh Myungshin , Furst Daniel E. , Ranganath Veena , Gold Richard H. , Sharp John T. , Park Grace S. , Keystone Edward C. , Paulus Harold E. ,   Western Consortium of Practicing Rheumatologists
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate published proposed definitions of minimal disease activity (MDA) and remission in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThe cohort comprised disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)–naive patients with early seropositive active RA (n = 200) treated with traditional DMARDs in the prebiologic era. MDA definitions included Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) ≤2.85, or achieving 5 of 7 World Health Organization (WHO)/International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) core set measure thresholds as proposed by the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials. Other MDA definitions included Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) score ≤11 and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score ≤10. Remission definitions included American College of Rheumatology (ACR) remission, DAS28 <2.6, DAS28 <2.4, achieving all 7 WHO/ILAR core set measure thresholds, SDAI ≤3.3, and CDAI ≤2.8. Physical function was assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index (DI) and radiographic progression was assessed using the Sharp score.ResultsAt baseline, no patients were in MDA or remission. Depending on the MDA definition, 20–32%, 27–32%, and 30–48% were in MDA at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Depending on the remission definition, 0.7–15%, 0–24%, and 0–33% were in remission at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. For example, at 6 months, lowest (highest) responses for MDA were seen with DAS28 ≤2.85 (SDAI ≤11) and for remission with ACR remission criteria (DAS28 <2.6). Patients who achieved either MDA or remission had lower HAQ DI and radiographic scores compared with patients who achieved neither.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that different proportions of patients were classified as MDA or remission depending on the definition used. This has implications in predefining MDA or remission for a clinical trial or to establish goals for optimum management of RA in clinical practice.
Usefulness of the disease activity scores for polymyalgia rheumatica for predicting glucocorticoid dose changes: A study of 243 scenarios
Authors: Binard Aymeric , De Bandt Michel , Berthelot Jean‐Marie , Saraux Alain ,   Inflammatory Joint Disease Working Group (CRI) of the French Society for Rheumatology
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate associations linking glucocorticoid dose changes in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) to the PMR activity score (PMR‐AS) and its components.MethodsNine clinical vignettes of PMR were written by a panel of experts and submitted to 35 rheumatologists, who were asked to assess disease activity using a visual analog scale (VASph) and to determine whether there was a relapse of PMR requiring an increase in the glucocorticoid dose. In 7 vignettes, >80% of the rheumatologists agreed on the diagnosis of relapse justifying the glucocorticoid dose decision. A total of 243 vignette‐physician combinations were obtained. Using these vignettes, we evaluated statistical associations linking a decision to increase the glucocorticoid dose to the value of PMR‐AS, of its components (VASph, visual analog scale for pain [VASp], C‐reactive protein level [CRP], morning stiffness [MST], and elevation of upper limbs [EUL]), or to the difference in these variables between the last 2 visits (dPMR‐AS, dVASph, dVASp, dCRP, dMST, and dEUL).ResultsThe strongest associations with a decision to increase the glucocorticoid dose occurred with dPMR‐AS >4.2, dMST >10 minutes, dVASph >1.55, and dCRP >4 mg/dl (99.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity for all 4 variables); MST ≥10 minutes (100% sensitivity, 99.3% specificity); PMR‐AS ≥7 (98.1% sensitivity, 94.3% specificity); VASph ≥2.25 (94.2% sensitivity, 83.6% specificity); and CRP level ≥14.5 mg/liter (66.3% sensitivity, 99.3% specificity).ConclusionDespite inter‐individual variations in VASph, PMR‐AS was a good indicator of disease activity. However, MST, dMST, dVASph, dPMR‐AS, and dCRP performed better than PMR‐AS. These variables may be useful in tailoring the glucocorticoid dose to the individual needs of each patient.
Google Scholar citations and Google Web/URL citations: A multi‐discipline exploratory analysis
Authors: Kousha Kayvan , Thelwall Mike 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe use a new data gathering method, “Web/URL citation,” Web/URL and Google Scholar to compare traditional and Web‐based citation patterns across multiple disciplines (biology, chemistry, physics, computing, sociology, economics, psychology, and education) based upon a sample of 1,650 articles from 108 open access (OA) journals published in 2001. A Web/URL citation of an online journal article is a Web mention of its title, URL, or both. For each discipline, except psychology, we found significant correlations between Thomson Scientific (formerly Thomson ISI, here: ISI) citations and both Google Scholar and Google Web/URL citations. Google Scholar citations correlated more highly with ISI citations than did Google Web/URL citations, indicating that the Web/URL method measures a broader type of citation phenomenon. Google Scholar citations were more numerous than ISI citations in computer science and the four social science disciplines, suggesting that Google Scholar is more comprehensive for social sciences and perhaps also when conference articles are valued and published online. We also found large disciplinary differences in the percentage overlap between ISI and Google Scholar citation sources. Finally, although we found many significant trends, there were also numerous exceptions, suggesting that replacing traditional citation sources with the Web or Google Scholar for research impact calculations would be problematic.
Phosphorus Ligands with a Large Cavity: Synthesis of Triethynylphosphines with Bulky End Caps and Application to the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Ketones
Authors: Ochida Atsuko , Sawamura Masaya 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTrialkynylphosphines substituted with bulky triarylsilyl groups at the alkyne termini were synthesized. The new phosphines P(CCSiAr3)3 (Ar=3,5‐tBu2‐4‐MeOC6H2, 3,5‐(Me3Si)2C6H3) are uncrowded near the phosphorus atom but bulky in the distal region. As a result, they contain a large cavity, at the bottom of which the phosphine lone‐pair electrons are located. The compounds are stable to oxidation by air and hydrolysis. DFT calculations suggested that the triethynylphosphines are good π‐acceptor ligands, comparable with P(OAr)3. The trialkynylphosphines reacted with [{RhCl(cod)}2] (P/Rh=1.1:1) to give selectively the monophosphine–rhodium complex [RhCl(cod)P(CCSiAr3)3]. X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis revealed that the {RhCl(cod)} fragment is fully accommodated by the cavity of the phosphine ligand. Compared to the effect of analogues with smaller end caps and PPh3, the trialkynylphosphines accelerated markedly the rhodium‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of ketones with a triorganosilane. It is proposed that the higher catalytic activity observed with the holey phosphines is a result of the preferential formation of a monophosphine–rhodium species.
Iterative Anwendung zweier Rechenmodelle zur Beurteilung der Lüftungserfordernisse für eine Vermeidung von Schimmelpilzwachstum
Authors: Krus Martin , Holm Andreas , Sedlbauer Klaus 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMit Hilfe eines neu entwickelten Raumklimamodells kann der Einfluß unterschiedlicher Lüftungsvarianten auf das Raumklima berechnet werden. Die Anwendung eines biohygrothermischen Modells gestattet unter Verwendung der berechneten Oberflächentemperaturen und ‐feuchten das Schimmelpilzrisiko abzuschätzen. Für gegebene Randbedingungen ist es somit möglich, die notwendige Lüftung durch eine iterative Anwendung beider Verfahren zu ermitteln. Als Beispiele dienen unterschiedliche Baukonstruktionen, an denen der Einfluß unterschiedlicher Lüftungsstrategien (Dauerlüftung oder Stoßlüftung) auf den zur Schimmelpilzvermeidung erforderlichen mittleren Luftwechsel demonstriert wird.
Bauphysik und die technische Literatur des Neuen Bauens
Authors: Tomlow Jos 
Published: March 2007

Abstract“Man könnte die Tätigkeit eines Volkes in gesundheitlicher oder hygienischer Richtung geradezu als einen Maßstab gebrauchen für die Größe seiner Fähigkeiten in der Kulturgeschichte eine Rolle zu spielen.”Max von Pettenkofer, 1873 (zitiert nach Usemann [88], S. 38)“Ein bekannter Architekt ging in seiner Begeisterung für einen solchen platten Internationalismus so weit, daß er die These verkündete: ‘In der Zukunft wird man im hohen Norden genau ebenso bauen wie am Mittelländischen Meer!’ In wenigen Jahren hat sich seine Forderung erfüllt; die Architektur hat eine so schwere Niederlage erlitten, dass sie sich nur sehr langsam davon erholen kann. Wäre es nur ein ästhetischer Irrtum gewesen, so wäre es vielleicht noch nicht einmal so schlimm. Aber die Natur, in diesem Fall das Klima, wird mit ihrer Rache dafür, dass sie so sträflich vernachlässigt wurde, nicht lange auf sich warten lassen.”Bruno Taut, 1936 (zitiert nach Medina Warmburg [47], S. 392)
eLearning als Weiterbildungschance für Ingenieure
Authors: Gorges Karin , Bröker Thomas , Kornadt Oliver 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIm Memorandum des Ingenieurdialogs “Zukunftssicherung des Ingenieurwesens in Deutschland” wurde 2001 angesichts sinkender Absolventenzahlen und ständig wachsender Anforderungen gefordert, neben der grundständigen Ausbildung auch die wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung an den Universitäten und Hochschulen stärker zu etablieren. Zeitgleich ist in den letzten Jahren eine rasante Entwicklung von Computer‐ und Netzwerktechnologien zu verzeichnen. Diese neuen Technologien nicht als technische Spielerei, sondern in didaktisch sinnvollen Szenarien zielgerichtet einzusetzen ist eine Aufgabe, der sich die Universitäten und Hochschulen stellen sollten. Über die Vermittlung fachlicher Inhalte hinaus, sollen bei den Lernenden Schlüsselqualifikationen wie Lern‐, Kommunikations‐ und Medienkompetenzen ausgebaut werden. Die Bund‐Länder‐Kommission für Bildungsplanung und Forschungsförderung fördert seit 2005 das Projekt eLBau – eLearning Bauphysik, das sich diesen Anforderungen stellt und die Projektergebnisse in ein berufsbegleitendes Masterkonzept umsetzt.
Erinnerung an Leonhard Euler (1707–1783)
Authors: Lehmann Günter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLeonhard Euler (15. 4. 1707–18. 9. 1783) war nicht nur der größte Mathematiker seiner Zeit, sondern zugleich einer der schöpferischsten Menschen überhaupt. Seine wissenschaftliche Tätigkeit, die nicht einmal durch nahezu völlige Erblindung in den letzten 14 Lebensjahren beeinträchtigt werden konnte, umfaßt außer der Mathematik und Physik auch die Ingenieurwissenschaften, die Astronomie und die Philosophie. Seine Leistungen auf diesen Gebieten sollen und können hier nicht behandelt werden, doch soviel sei gesagt, Euler war der erste, der für die Kreiszahl den Buchstaben π und als Summenzeichen das große griechische Sigma Σ einführte. Für die Basis der natürlichen Logarithmen benutzte er den Buchstaben e. Dies geschah wohl aus praktischen Gründen und nicht in Anlehnung an seinen Namen, denn die Buchstaben a, b, c und d wurden schon damals in der Mathematik häufig benutzt, und so war es naheliegend, das e zu wählen. Der Buchstabe e könnte aber auch eine Abkürzung für “exponential” sein. Nachfolgende Mathematiker bezeichneten dann die Zahl e = 2,7 18 28 18 28 … als die Eulersche Zahl. Nicht zu verwechseln mit der Euler‐Zahl Eu = Δp/(ρ · c2), einer Kennzahl für reibungsbehaftete Strömungen. So gibt es nachweislich mindestens 30 Begriffe, die alle mit dem Namen Euler in Beziehung stehen. Zu seinen Ehren sind der “Krater Euler” auf dem Mond und der 2002 entdeckte “Asteroid Euler” benannt worden. In diesem Beitrag werden dagegen der Mensch Leonhard Euler und seine Lebensumstände im Mittelpunkt stehen.