bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irreversible deterioration of some carrageenophytes (Rhodophyta) in herbaria
Authors: Nelson W. A. , Falshaw R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNelson, W. A. & Falshaw, R.: Irreversible deterioration of some carrageenophytes (Rhodophyta) in herbaria. – Taxon 48: 325‐329.1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Recent examination of herbarium specimens of certain red algal genera possessing carrageenan cell wall material polysaccharides (Gigartina, Callophyllis) has revealed that some material is undergoing serious and irreversible deterioration within apparently stable herbarium conditions. Damage is apparently caused by sulphuric acid, produced through hydrolysis of sulphate half‐ester groups associated with carrageenans and resulting in extremely low pH values (0‐1) in affected thallus portions. Measures are recommended to halt incipient damage and hopefully save affected specimens from total destruction.
Botanical libraries and herbaria in North America. 1. Introduction
Authors: Stuessy Tod F. , Stuckey Ronald L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryStuessy, T. F. & Stuckey, R. L.: Botanical libraries and herbaria in North America. 1. Introduction. – Taxon 46: 639‐641. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Introduces three papers presented at a symposium on “Botanical Libraries and Herbaria” held 21 May 1993 at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. The main focus of the symposium was to explore the relationship between botanical libraries and herbaria, and to emphasize the dependence of the latter on the former. The symposium also provided an opportunity to formally dedicate the Rudolph Memorial Reading Room and Rare Book Room within The Ohio State University Herbarium (OS) Library.
On the lectotypification of Doronicum carpetanum (Compositae)
Authors: Fernández Inés Álvarez , Feliner Gonzalo Nieto 
Published: April 2006

SummaryÁlvarez Fernández, I. & Nieto Feliner, G.: On the lectotypification of Doronicum carpetanum (Compositae). – Taxon 46: 763. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.A flawed lectotype designation for Doronicum carpetanum, published in Taxon in 1991, is antedated by four years by a flawless one.
Evaluation of chemosystematic characters in the genus Leontodon (Asteraceae)
Authors: Zidorn Christian , Stuppner Hermann 
Published: April 2006

SummaryZidorn, C. & Stuppner, H.: Evaluation of chemosystematic characters in the genus Leontodon (Asteraceae). ‐‐ Taxon 50: 115–133. 2001. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Flavonoids, phenolic acids and sesquiterpene lactones were evaluated as qualitative and quantitative chemosystematic markers in the genus Leontodon by HPLC‐UV and HPLC‐MS analyses. One population of Leontodon hispidus L. showed a high degree of variation between different plant organs and between different individuals. Seasonal variation of phenolic acids in the leaves and of sesquiterpene lactones in the rhizomes was also pronounced. In contrast, phenolics in the heads were present in nearly constant amounts during the flowering period. Within species, analyses of samples originating from different altitudes (13 samples of L. helveticus from 1600–2950 m, 19 samples of L. autumnalis from 30–2075 m, and 61 samples of L. hispidus from 40–2550 m) exhibited a significant positive correlation between altitude of the collection sites and total content of flavonoids. Unlike flavonoids, the phenolic acids showed no significant altitudinal variation. The data reveal more pronounced variation between rather than within species.
Typification of the names Veronica jacquinii Baumg. and Veronica dentata F.W. Schmidt (Scrophulariaceae)
Authors: McNeill John , Martínez‐Ortega M. Montserrat , Rico Enrique , Fischer Manfred A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMartínez‐Ortega, M. M., Rico, E. & Fischer, M. A.: Typification of the names Veronica jacquinii Baumg. and Veronica dentata F.W. Schmidt (Scrophulariaceae). – Taxon 50: 187–189. 2001. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Lectotypes for the names V. jacquinii Baumg. and V. dentata F.W. Schmidt are here designated. Epitypes are also chosen in order to ensure accurate interpretation of both names.
Lectotypification of the names Arenaria graminifolia Ard., Arenaria rosani Ten. and Arenaria alpicola Ten. (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Conti Fabio , Santangelo Annalisa 
Published: April 2006

SummaryConti, F. & Santangelo, A.: Lectotypification of the names Arenaria graminifolia Ard., Arenaria rosani Ten. and Arenaria alpicola Ten. (Caryophyllaceae). – Taxon 50: 193–199. 2001. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Three names based on Italian specimens relating to the Minuartia graminifolia complex are lectotypified. Arenaria graminifolia, the basionym of Minuartia graminifolia (Ard.) Jáv. subsp. graminifolia is lectotypified by an Arduino specimen at LINN, and Arenaria rosani, the basionym of M. graminifolia subsp. rosani (Ten.) Mattf. by a Tenore collection at NAP; both lectotypifications maintain current usage of these names. In addition, Arenaria alpicola Ten., now considered a synonym of Minuartia graminifolia subsp. clandestina (Portenschl.) Mattf., is also lectotypified by a Tenore collection at NAP referable to that subspecies.
Data model and comparison and query methods for interacting classifications in a taxonomic database
Authors: Zhong Yang , Jung Sungwon , Pramanik Sakti , Beaman John H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryZhong, Y., Jung, S., Pramanik, S. & Beaman, J. H.: Data model and comparison and query methods for interacting classifications in a taxonomic database. – Taxon 45: 223‐241. 1996. –ISSN 0040‐0262.An information‐theoretic view has been applied to biological classification to capture taxonomic concepts as taxonomic data entities and to develop a system for managing these concepts and the lineage relationships among them. In order to develop the data model, it has been necessary to apply explicit definitions to several taxonomic terms that generally have not been precisely defined and to coin and define several new terms and concepts. Methods are outlined for comparing interacting classifications and querying hierarchical taxonomic databases. A program/database system called HICLAS, which provides an X‐Window interface to query classification data, is available on the Internet.
A quick and easy method of drying plant specimens, including succulents, for the herbarium
Authors: Eggli Urs , Leuenberger Beat Ernst 
Published: April 2006

SummaryEggli, U. & Leuenberger, B. E.: A quick and easy method of drying plant specimens, including succulents, for the herbarium. – Taxon 45: 259‐261. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The preparation of conventional pressed and dried herbarium specimens by using a commercial hair‐drier and a bag of tightly woven, fire‐resistant tissue is described. It has proved particularly useful for preparing specimens of succulent plants.
On an extension of Gani's model for attachment of phages to bacteria
Authors: Bhat B. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn recent papers Yassky (1962) and Gani (1965) have considered respectively deterministic and stochastic models for the attachment of phages to bacteria. Following Brenner's (1965) conjecture they assumed that there is a maximum, S (say), to the number of phages that can be attached to a bacterium. In this note, Gani's (1965) results will be obtained starting from a different set of assumptions. This modification enables us to consider the case when S is a random variable, which probably is a more realistic assumption. Some remarks on the problem of estimation for the latter model are given in Section 3.
Exponential ergodicity in Markov renewal processes
Authors: Teugels Jozef L. 
Published: April 2006

In [3], Kendall proved a solidarity theorem for irreducible denumerable discrete time Markov chains. Vere-Jones refined Kendall's theorem by obtaining uniform estimates [14], while Kingman proved analogous results for an irreducible continuous time Markov chain [4], [5].We derive similar solidarity theorems for an irreducible Markov renewal process. The transient case is discussed in Section 3, and Section 4 deals with the positive recurrent case. Recently Cheong also proved solidarity theorems for Semi-Markov processes [1]. His theorems use the Markovian structure, while our emphasis is on the renewal aspects of Markov renewal processes.An application to the M/G/1 queue is included in the last section.
Looking after well siblings of adolescent girls with anorexia: an important parental role
Authors: Honey A. , Halse C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackground  Research has suggested that well siblings of children with chronic and life‐threatening illnesses are at risk for negative outcomes and that parents’ responses to the illnesses can influence the adaptation of well siblings. Yet, parents’ efforts to look after well siblings in the context of illness are rarely considered in literature about sibling adaptation. The importance of attending to the needs of well siblings was a major theme to emerge from a qualitative analysis of the experiences of parents of adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa.Methods  In‐depth interviews were conducted with 24 parents of adolescent girls with anorexia and analysed using grounded theory method.Results  The data indicated that parents viewed caring for well siblings in the context of anorexia as an important role and responsibility. Parents reported making conscious and active efforts to look after well siblings by: maintaining normality; compensating for changes to routines; protecting siblings; providing emotional support; and managing the consequences.Conclusions  This paper provides a picture of the actions parents take to help well siblings adapt to anorexia in the family. Further research is needed to develop and expand this understanding to families experiencing a wide range of chronic and life‐threatening illnesses. The findings underline the importance of clinical attention and further research into the critical parental role of caring for well siblings.
Hyperthyroidism is characterized by both increased sympathetic and decreased vagal modulation of heart rate: evidence from spectral analysis of heart rate variability
Authors: Chen Jin‐Long , Chiu Hung‐Wen , Tseng Yin‐Jiun , Chu Woei‐Chyn 
Published: April 2006

SummaryObjective  The clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism resemble those of the hyperadrenergic state. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of hyperthyroidism on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and to investigate the relationship between serum thyroid hormone concentrations and parameters of spectral heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in hyperthyroidism.Design and patients  Thirty‐two hyperthyroid Graves’ disease patients (mean age 31 years) and 32 sex‐, age‐, and body mass index (BMI)‐matched normal control subjects were recruited to receive one‐channel electrocardiogram (ECG) recording.Measurements  The cardiac autonomic nervous function was evaluated by the spectral analysis of HRV, which indicates the autonomic modulation of the sinus node. The correlation coefficients between serum thyroid hormone concentrations and parameters of the spectral HRV analysis were also computed.Results  The hyperthyroid patients revealed significant differences (P < 0·001) compared with the controls in the following HRV parameters: a decrease in total power (TP), very low frequency power (VLF), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF), and HF in normalized units (HF%); and an increase in LF in normalized units (LF%) and in the ratio of LF to HF (LF/HF). After correction of hyperthyroidism in 28 patients, all of the above parameters were restored to levels comparable to those of the controls. In addition, serum thyroid hormone concentrations showed significant correlations with spectral HRV parameters.Conclusions  Hyperthyroidism is in a sympathovagal imbalanced state, characterized by both increased sympathetic and decreased vagal modulation of the heart rate. These autonomic dysfunctions can be detected simultaneously by spectral analysis of HRV, and the spectral HRV parameters could reflect the disease severity in hyperthyroid patients.
Lithium as adjuvant to radioiodine therapy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: clinical and in vitro studies
Authors: Liu Y.Y. , Van Der Pluijm G. , Karperien M. , Stokkel M. P. M. , Pereira A. M. , Morreau J. , Kievit J. , Romijn J. A. , Smit J. W. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryObjective  Lithium has been reported to increase radioactive iodine (RaI) doses in benign thyroid disease and in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). It is not known whether lithium influences the outcome of RaI therapy in DTC. We therefore studied the clinical effects of RaI without and with lithium carbonate in patients with proven metastatic DTC. Controversy also exists on the mechanism by which lithium increases RaI dose in DTC. We performed an in vitro study specifically aimed at examining the effects of lithium on the sodium iodide symporter (NIS).Design  In a clinical study, 12 patients were selected with metastases of DTC who had received previous RaI therapy without lithium (control) that had not influenced tumour progression, despite RaI accumulation in metastases. The patients received 1200 mg lithium carbonate/day followed by 6000 MBq RaI. Outcome parameters were RaI uptake, serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and radiological dimensions of metastases compared between RaI with lithium and control. In an in vitro study, iodide uptake was studied in the benign rat thyroid cell line FRTL‐5, in the polarized non‐thyroid MDCK cell line, stably transfected with human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) to study the effects of lithium on NIS in a non‐thyroid background, and the human follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line FTC133‐hNIS to study lithium effects in a background of DTC. Lithium chloride (LiCl) was added in concentrations up to 2 mm for 0–48 h. Both steady‐state iodide uptake (30 min) and initial rate (2 min) were studied using a specific activity of 100 mCi/mmol I, the latter experiment to determine lithium effects on substrate dependency. Iodide efflux studies were performed as well.Results  Despite an increased uptake of RaI in seven patients, no beneficial effect of RaI with lithium was observed on the clinical course as assessed by serum Tg measurements and radiographically. In the in vitro studies, no effects of LiCl on iodide uptake or efflux were observed.Conclusions  The addition of lithium to RaI did not have any beneficial effects on the clinical course in 12 patients with metastatic DTC. No beneficial effects of lithium on iodide uptake were observed in vitro. Therefore, the clinical value of lithium in DTC remains subject to debate.
Effects of aggregation pheromone on individual behaviour and food web interactions: a field study onDrosophila
Authors: Wertheim Bregje , Allemand Roland , Vet Louise E. M. , Dicke Marcel 
Published: April 2006

Abstract. 1. The effects of an aggregation pheromone on individual behaviour and food web interactions were investigated in two ecological communities, usingDrosophila melanogasterandD. simulansas focal species.2. Fruit substrates with aggregation pheromone were significantly more attractive to adultD. melanogasterandD. simulansthan control fruit substrates, and the response was positively dose dependent. Competing species and natural enemies were also significantly attracted to substrates with the aggregation pheromone ofD. melanogasterandD. simulans.3. Significantly more eggs were deposited on pheromone‐treated fruits than on control fruits, and the microdistribution of eggs within fruits was correlated to the microdistribution of the pheromone. The aggregation pheromone induced more females to share the breeding site.4. The extremely high densities of fruit flies in the large aggregations appeared to reduce the oviposition rate of females. Physical interactions with conspecific and heterospecifics were frequently observed in the aggregations, and often led to patch leaving of the fruit flies.5. Competition for food among larvae occurred at high densities and parasitism was density dependent. Aggregation pheromones can be directly responsible for these patterns through their effects on the con‐ and heterospecific behaviour.6. The combined results show that aggregation pheromones affect a multitude of aspects in the ecology of interacting animals. The importance of incorporating the communication signals in ecological theory of aggregations is discussed.
Changes in secondary phenolic metabolites during storage as an aqueous suspension in comparison with the content in harvested Aloe arborescens leaves
Authors: Gutterman Yitzchak , Chauser‐Volfson Elena 
Published: April 2006

Summary Aloe arborescens is a very important plant used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. The main problem using this plant for medicinal and cosmetic purposes is the rapid destruction of the active compounds in aquatic solutions. By frequently pruning the leaves, the content of three secondary phenolic metabolites (SPhMs), barbaloin, aloeresin and aloenin, in the leaves can be increased dramatically. The changes in these SPhMs were studied in an aqueous suspension of leaf exudate powder and in harvested leaves after storage for 1–45 days at 4 °C in darkness. During storage in water there was rapid degradation of aloenin, but a gradual and slow degradation of barbaloin and aloeresin. In contrast, in stored leaves, the change in the relative amounts of the three SPhMs was similar, but the percentage of aloenin was higher even after 3.5 months. When these SPhMs are stored as dry powder they may last for some years.
Determinants of the biogeographical distribution of butterflies in boreal regions
Authors: Luoto M. , Heikkinen R. K. , Pöyry J. , Saarinen K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAim We explored the relative contributions of climatic and land‐cover factors in explaining the distribution patterns of butterflies in a boreal region.Location Finland, northern Europe.Methods Data from a national butterfly atlas survey carried out during 1991–2003, with a 10‐km grain grid system, were used in these analyses. We used generalized additive models (GAM) and hierarchical partitioning (HP) to explore the main environmental correlates (climate and land‐cover) of the realized niches of 98 butterfly species. The accuracy of the distribution models (GAMs) was validated by resubstitution and cross‐validation approaches, using the area under the curve (AUC) derived from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots.Results Predictive accuracies of the 98 individual environment–butterfly models varied from low to very high (cross‐validated AUC values 0.48–0.99), with a mean of 0.79. The results of both the GAM and HP analyses were broadly concordant. Most of the variation in butterfly distributions is associated with growing degree‐days, mean temperature of the coldest month and cover of built‐up area in all six phylogenetic groups (butterfly families). There were no statistically significant differences in predictive accuracy among the different butterfly families.Main conclusions About three‐quarters of the distributions of butterfly species in Finland appear to be governed principally by climatic, predominantly temperature‐related, factors. This indicates that many butterfly species may respond rapidly to the projected climate change in boreal regions. By determining the ecological niches of multiple species, we can project their range shifts in response to changes in climate and land‐cover, and identify species that are particularly sensitive to forecasted global changes.
Nurses as providers of support for mothers of premature infants
Authors: Mok Esther , Leung Sui Foon 
Published: April 2006

Aim.  The study aims to explore the supportive behaviour of nurses as experienced by mothers of premature infants in Hong Kong.Background.  The sudden, unexpected delivery of a premature infant is an extreme shock to parents. Studies have confirmed the importance of nursing support to the relief of stress of parents.Design.  A descriptive study design.Methods.  A convenience sampling of 37 mothers in a neonatal Intensive Care Unit were recruited from a regional hospital to complete the ‘Nurses Parent Support Tool’ (NPST) which consists of four aspects: communication information support, emotional support, parental esteem support and quality care‐giving support. Six mothers were interviewed after the completion of the tool to give examples of supportive and non‐supportive behaviour.Results.  The results showed that all of the mothers rated all nursing support items as important. However, there was a significant mean difference between perceived and received nursing support. These findings demonstrated that parents desired more nursing support than they received, particularly in the area of supportive communication and the giving of information. Comparatively, emotional support was rated less important as well as having been less often received than the other three domains of support. Interviews with six mothers further gave examples and described the types, attributes and the phases of support in the Chinese setting.Conclusion.  The findings indicate that Chinese parents are desirous of more nursing support than they received.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses should be aware of the importance of tailoring nursing support to meet the needs of parents of premature infants.
Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arable soils are not necessarily low in diversity
Authors: HIJRI ISABELLE , SÝKOROVÁ ZUZANA , OEHL FRITZ , INEICHEN KURT , MÄDER PAUL , WIEMKEN ANDRES , REDECKER DIRK 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCommunities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in five agricultural field sites of different management intensities were studied. Variable regions of the ribosomal RNA genes were used to detect and identify AMF directly within colonized roots. Roots from a continuous maize monoculture showed low AMF diversity, in agreement with previous reports on molecular diversity of AMF in agricultural soils. In contrast, a substantially higher diversity of AMF was found throughout the long term ‘DOK’ field experiment, where organic and conventional agricultural practices have been compared side by side since 1978. In this experiment, a 7‐year crop rotation is performed under lower levels of inorganic fertilizer input and chemical pest control. These results are in good agreement with analyses of the spore community previously conducted in these field sites. In a third site, an organically managed leek field with soil of very high phosphate content reflecting the highly intensive conventional field history and intensive tillage, we detected a low‐diversity community comparable to the maize monoculture. In addition to fungi from Glomus group A, which have previously been reported to dominate arable soils, we regularly found members of the genera Scutellospora, Paraglomus and Acaulospora. The genus Acaulospora was shown to occur more frequently early in the growing season, suggesting that the life history strategy of AMF may influence the active community at a given time. These data show that the diversity of AMF is not always low in arable soils. Furthermore, low‐input agriculture involving crop rotation may provide better conditions to preserve AMF diversity, by preventing the selection for the few AMF taxa tolerating high nutrient levels.