bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of thermotherapy and sodium hypochlorite treatments on pepino seed germination, a crucial step in breeding programmes
Authors: PROHENS J. , SOLER S. , NUEZ F. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryWe evaluated the effects of treatments with thermotherapy (80°C for 24 h) and dipping in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; 0.8% for 10 min) on the germination percentage, germination rate, vigour index and ToMV inactivation of seeds from three pepino (Solarium muricatum) accessions (96–5, B–2 and OV–8) and two wild relatives (S. tabanoense EC–26 and S. caripense EC–40). Thermotherapy decreased the germination percentage (especially in the wild species), germination rate in wild species but not in cultivated pepino, and vigour index in all cases. Sodium hypochlorite increased germination, except for nonthermotreated seeds of OV–8, improved the germination rate in wild species and the vigour index in all cases except for non thermotreated OV–8. Seed coats were altered by both treatments, especially by NaOCl. Thermotherapy was totally effective in the inactivation of seed‐borne ToMV, while NaOCl was not. Thermotherapy combined with NaOCl allows effective seed disinfection of S. muricatum seeds without negatively affecting seed germination. For the wild species, although thermotherapy reduces germination, the higher number of seeds per fruit in these species reduces the magnitude of the problem. Even when no disinfection is necessary, treatments with NaOCl are always advisable as they improve germination.
Phenological growth stages of loquat tree (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.)
Authors: MARTÍNEZ‐CALVO J. , BADENES M L , LLÁCER G. , BLEIHOLDER H. , HACK H. , MEIER U. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryConservation, characterisation and utilisation of minor fruit tree species is an important objective for diversification of agro‐food production. One such fruit tree is the loquat, a tree that originated in China but is well adapted to the Mediterranean area. The conservation and utilisation of suitable germplasm requires an accurate characterisation and evaluation of the material. A first step in characterisation is to use phenotypic traits. This paper describes the phenological growth stages of loquat tree using the extended BBCH scale. Seven principal growth stages (PGS) for bud, leaf and shoot development, inflorescence emergence, flowering, fruit development and fruit maturity and 31 secondary growth stages are described and compared with a previous scale based on Fleckinger classical methodology. An example of application of the extended BBCH scale for characterisation of loquat cultivars from IVIA germplasm collection is reported.
Nutrition and mental health research in Australia and New Zealand: A review of progress and directions for the future
Authors: PORTER Judi , EVANS Sherryn 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis review summarises nutrition and mental health research in Australia and New Zealand between 1986 and 2006. The method used to identify papers for inclusion was a search of computerised databases: Medline, Cinahl and Meditext 1986–2006, with subsequent bibliographical review. Key search words were nutrition, diet, mental disorder, mental illness, weight, physical health, Australia and New Zealand. Inclusion criteria included: English language, original data in peer reviewed journals, and examination of some component of nutrition in people with a mental illness. The review of thirteen papers found that the evidence base for dietetic practice in mental health has developed through small assessment and interventional research, often with multidisciplinary collaboration. Future research should include quality and outcome measures with intersectoral partnerships. Dietitians are well positioned to lead and participate in mental health research and to implement research findings to improve the nutritional status of this vulnerable group.
Eating disorder management in hospital patients: Current practice among dietitians in Australia
Authors: HART Susan , ABRAHAM Suzanne , LUSCOMBE Georgina , RUSSELL Janice 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAim:  To examine dietetic practice during the management of eating disorders in inpatient and daypatient settings.Methods:  A survey was sent to dietitians working in the clinical management of eating disorders within Australia. Thirty‐six qualified dietitians including all dietitians working at the specialist units in Australia participated in the study.Results:  Most dietitians aim to meet patients' nutritional requirements by food alone without artificial feeding. High‐energy supplements are the preferred method of increasing energy intake to eating disorder patients. Nasogastric feeding was a standard feeding practice for anorexia nervosa reported by one‐third of dietitians. Total parenteral nutrition was not considered an option for nutritional rehabilitation. In the treatment of anorexia nervosa, variable energy intakes for individual patients were prescribed aiming for weight gain of up to 1.0 kg/week in inpatients and 0.5 kg/week in outpatients.Conclusion:  In Australia, there is no standard nutritional management for anorexia and bulimia nervosa. This survey establishes a baseline for nutritional management and practice of dietitians working with patients with eating disorders. Further research is needed regarding use of nasogastric feeding, and weight gain targets in anorexia nervosa.
From competent to proficient; nutrition education and counselling competency dilemmas experienced by Australian clinical dietitians in education of individuals
Authors: CANT Robyn , ARONI Rosalie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAim:  To critically examine Australian dietitians' experiences of nutrition education and counselling dilemmas arising from their training, competence and experience in education of individual clients.Methods:  Participants were a self‐selected sample of Australian dietitians who were working with clients in community, hospital, private practice or other employment. They responded to a researcher‐developed Web‐based questionnaire asking about skills required for education and counselling of individual clients in 2006. Data were collected electronically and descriptive statistics used to compare response distributions, and open‐ended responses were examined by content and thematic analysis.Results:  Of 258 respondents, half‐qualified to enter dietetics since 1998. There was a change in the focus of practice from information‐giving (as taught 30 years ago) to use of two‐way communication. Dietitians aimed to use counselling, together with discussion and instruction, as methods for educating and interacting with clients. Four‐fifths of dietitians recently qualified (1998–2006) were satisfied with their initial preparation for nutrition education and counselling roles. However, many commented that training courses were too focused on knowledge acquisition rather than skills development in nutrition counselling. Planned skill development in employment was described and dietitians were in favour of a system of mandatory counselling topics within continuing professional development CPD in order to improve counselling skill proficiency and aim for expert skills.Conclusion:  Practising dietitians' perceptions indicated a need for greater focus on development of expert nutrition education and counselling skills, both in initial training and in the workplace, because these were seen as key skills for practice in the 21st century.
Use of the Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire to monitor trends in patient satisfaction with foodservice at an acute care private hospital
Authors: FALLON Andrew , GURR Stephen , HANNAN‐JONES Mary , BAUER Judith D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAim:  To demonstrate how the Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire can be used to monitor trends in foodservice satisfaction.Methods:  Three one‐day surveys of foodservice satisfaction were conducted in 2003–05. All adult hospital inpatients with the exception of intensive care, cardiac post‐operative care, labour ward and day surgery patients were eligible. The response rate was 48% (2003), 42% (2004) and 60% (2005). This took place in an acute care 440‐bed private hospital. Overall foodservice satisfaction, dimensions of foodservice satisfaction (food quality, meal service quality, staff/service issues and the physical environment) and two independent statements (temperature of the hot foods, ability to choose different sized meals); satisfaction by gender, length of stay, age, diet type and appetite for 2005. Scores were calculated for overall satisfaction, four dimensions of satisfaction and two independent statements. Chi‐squared analysis was used to determine the effect of gender, age, diet type and appetite on overall satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to assess the association between overall foodservice satisfaction and length of stay.Results:  Ratings of overall foodservice satisfaction, four dimensions of foodservice and two independent foodservice items were high, consistent with previous findings. Of the foodservice dimensions, the staff/service issues were the most positively rated and food quality the least positively rated. Patients' expectations of the foodservice were significantly associated with overall satisfaction. Quality improvement activities focused on the lowest scoring components of the questionnaire.Conclusion:  The Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire can be used to determine trends in foodservice satisfaction and identify areas to target for quality improvement initiatives.
Evidence for a role of cow's milk consumption in chronic functional constipation in children: Systematic review of the literature from 1980 to 2006
Authors: CROWLEY Elesa , WILLIAMS Lauren , ROBERTS Tim , JONES Peter , DUNSTAN Richard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAim:  This article examines the evidence for a role of cow's milk protein in chronic functional constipation in children.Methods:  A literature search was conducted using Ovid and Pubmed, the Cochrane data bases, CINHAHL and EBSCO. Keywords searched included: constipation, cow's milk, intolerance, allergy, children and intestinal motility. This systematic review focused on dietary intervention studies in children (aged from 7 days to 15 years) with chronic functional constipation. All articles were required to include measures of cow's milk protein allergy or intolerance and include resolution of constipation as an outcome measure.Results:  The keyword search identified 125 articles. Seven of these articles met the criteria for inclusion, including one double‐blind, randomised controlled trial. The results of this review provide support for the hypothesis that a proportion of children with chronic functional constipation respond well to the removal of cow's milk protein from the diet, particularly if serum analysis shows abnormalities of immune mechanisms.Conclusion:  The evidence surrounding cow's milk constipation was limited with only one of the assessed studies being at level II of evidence according to the NHMRC. In order to develop evidence‐based guidelines, further high‐level evidence is required to clarify the physiological, immunological and biochemical changes that occur in some constipated children who respond to the removal of cow's milk protein from the diet.
Trauma‐induced central diabetes insipidus in a cat
Authors: Campbell FE , Bredhauer B 
Published: February 2008

A 1‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthair cat presented with a 4‐week history of polydipsia that began immediately after an 8 m fall. Trauma‐induced central diabetes insipidus was suspected on the basis of the identification of hyposthenuria, normal haematology and serum biochemistry profile and unremarkable abdominal ultrasound examination. Failure to concentrate urine with water deprivation followed by production of hypersthenuric urine with administration of the synthetic antidiuretic hormone, Damino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), confirmed the diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus. Treatment via conjunctival administration of DDAVP failed to attenuate the polydipsia, however, resolution of polydipsia was achieved with subcutaneous administration of DDAVP and the cat remains eudipsic with twice daily subcutaneous DDAVP administration 17 months after diagnosis.
Effect of a hydrocolloid dressing on first intention healing surgical wounds in the dog: a pilot study
Authors: Abramo F , Argiolas S , Pisani G , Vannozzi I , Miragliotta V 
Published: February 2008

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a hydrocolloid dressing for the treatment of surgical wounds in dogs.Methods  Six healthy young female dogs of medium size and different breed underwent ovariohysterectomy. Histological evaluation was performed on biopsies taken from the edges of the wounds at day 7. The dressing was applied on one half of the wound according to manufacturer's instructions; the second half served as control. Biopsy specimens were fixed in a 10% formalin buffered solution pH 7.4, paraffin embedded and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. For clinical assessment, the presence and quality of exudate, erythema of the surrounding area, swelling and correct apposition of the wound margins were evaluated.Results The hydrocolloid dressing was easy to use. The clinical quality of the treated skin wounds was superior to the non‐treated ones. Comparison of histological features between treated and untreated wounds showed a more regular organisation of the granulation tissue in the treated wounds, with fibroblasts being aligned parallel to the overlying epidermis. The number of inflammatory cells and the extension of granulation tissue were less prominent and less widespread in treated compared to untreated wounds.Conclusion  The dressing performed very well in terms of adhesiveness and flexibility. It was useful in the management of surgical wounds to avoid contamination and ameliorate the epithelialisation rate and granulation tissue morphology of the surgical scar.
Effects of injectable vitamins A, D, E and C on the health and growth rate of feedlot cattle destined for the Australian domestic market
Authors: Cusack PMV , Mcmeniman NP , Lean IJ 
Published: February 2008

Objective  To examine the effects of injectable vitamins A, D and E at feedlot entry on health and growth rate and the effects of injectable vitamin C at the time of treatment for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) on cattle health.Design  Systematic allocation of 2465 cattle at feedlot entry to: a commercial vitamin A, D and E preparation at the label dose rate; commercial vitamin A, D and E at twice the label dose rate; a formulation with no vitamin D, a lower concentration of vitamin A and a higher concentration of vitamin E; and the oil‐based carrier alone at volumes corresponding to the above treatments. Comparisons of growth rate, disease and mortality were made between the groups at the conclusion of the feeding period. In a separate experiment, 176 cattle were alternately administered injectable vitamin C at the time of treatment for BRD, or were not injected with vitamin C, and mortality was compared between the groups.Results  There were no differences between cattle administered vitamin A, D and E at feedlot entry and the controls in growth rate (P = 0.11), all diseases (P = 0.99), BRD (P = 0.60) or mortalities (P = 0.95). Cattle treated with the higher vitamin E and lower vitamin A preparation had a higher (P = 0.02) incidence of anorexia than the other groups. Fewer cattle treated with 5 g of vitamin C by intramuscular injection at the time of treatment with antibiotics for BRD subsequently died (P = 0.04).Conclusions  The routine injection of cattle with vitamins A, D and E at feedlot entry is unlikely to result in improvements in health and growth rate where cattle are provided with these vitamins in their diets at concentrations equal to the National Research Council recommendations. Mortality rate in cattle diagnosed with BRD may be reduced by intramuscular injection of vitamin C at the time of treatment with antibiotics.
Cultural Citizenship
Authors: Pawley Laurence 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper seeks to give a sense of the diversity of work that falls within the boundaries of ‘cultural citizenship’– a term it locates as emerging from the problematisation of traditional citizenship models by issues of identity and mediation. This paper outlines three distinct strands of cultural citizenship theory, which respectively emphasise multiculturalism, the politics of cultural texts, and dialogical communication. Subsequently, this paper conducts a brief analysis and critique of these strands, enabled by an interrogation of the ways in which they each define and deploy the term ‘culture’. It is argued that for cultural citizenship to develop a more coherent terminological ‘face’, a balance must be struck between a commitment to specificity, and the appeal of abstracted re‐imaginings of civil society.
Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles among Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing and Acquired AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing
Escherichia coli
Isolates from Canadian Intensive Care Units
Authors: Baudry Patricia J. , Nichol Kim , DeCorby Melanie , Mataseje Laura , Mulvey Michael R. , Hoban Daryl J. , Zhanel George G. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

Resistance profiles were compared among 18 extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) and 27 acquired AmpC β-lactamase-producing
Escherichia coli
isolates collected from Canadian intensive care units from 2005 to 2006. ESBL-producing
E. coli
isolates were more likely to be gentamicin resistant (
P
< 0.03), fluoroquinolone resistant (
P
< 0.0001), and multidrug resistant (
P
< 0.0001) than AmpC-producing
E. coli
isolates.
Comparison of the In Vitro Efficacies of Moxifloxacin and Amoxicillin against
Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Grayo S. , Join-Lambert O. , Desroches M. C. , Le Monnier A. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes severe infections associated with a high mortality rate. Moxifloxacin presents extended activity against gram-positive bacteria and has recently been suggested to be a potential alternative in the treatment of listeriosis. We evaluated the in vitro efficacy of moxifloxacin against
L. monocytogenes
using a combination of epidemiological and experimental approaches. The median MIC of moxifloxacin for a large collection of
L. monocytogenes
strains of various origins (human, food, and environment) was 0.5 μg/ml (MIC range, 0.064 to 1 μg/ml). No differences were observed, irrespective of the origin of the strains. Moreover, no cross-resistance with fluoroquinolones was detected in strains that have been reported to be resistant to ciprofloxacin. The in vitro activities of moxifloxacin and amoxicillin were compared by time-kill curve and inhibition of intracellular growth experiments by using a model of bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages infected by
L. monocytogenes
EGDe. Both moxifloxacin and amoxicillin were bactericidal in broth against extracellular forms of
L. monocytogenes
. However, moxifloxacin acted much more rapidly, beginning to exert its effects in the first 3 h and achieving complete broth sterilization within 24 h of incubation. Moxifloxacin has a rapid bactericidal effect against intracellular reservoirs of bacteria, whereas amoxicillin is only bacteriostatic and appears to prevent cellular lysis and the subsequent bacterial spreading to adjacent cells. No resistant bacteria were selected during the in vitro experiments. Taken together, our results suggest that moxifloxacin is an interesting alternative to the reference treatment, combining rapid and bactericidal activity, even against intracellular bacteria.
Transcriptional and Translational Control of the
mlr
Operon, Which Confers Resistance to Seven Classes of Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Authors: Smith Lisa K. , Mankin Alexander S. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

The methyltransferase genes
erm
(B) and
cfr
are adjacent to each other in the chromosome of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
strain CM05. Analyses of the transcriptional organization of the
erm
(B) and
cfr
genes in the chromosome of strain CM05 showed that the two genes are organized into an operon, designated
mlr
(for modification of the large ribosomal subunit), which is controlled by the
erm
(B) promoter. Analysis of the translation control and the inducibility of the
erm
(B) and
cfr
genes in the
mlr
operon showed that despite the presence of putative regulatory short open reading frames, both genes are expressed constitutively. The combined action of the two methyltransferases encoded in the
mlr
operon results in modification of two specific residues in 23S rRNA, A2058 and A2503, and renders cells resistant to all clinically useful antibiotics that target the large ribosomal subunit. Furthermore, simultaneous modification of both rRNA sites synergistically enhances resistance to 16-member-ring macrolides.
In Human Leukemia Cells Ephrin-B–Induced Invasive Activity Is Supported by Lck and Is Associated with Reassembling of Lipid Raft Signaling Complexes
Authors: Jiang Guangping , Freywald Tanya , Webster Jarret , Kozan Daniel , Geyer Ron , DeCoteau John , Narendran Aru , Freywald Andrew 
Published: February 2008

AbstractProteins of the ephrin-B group operate in nonlymphoid cells through the control of their migration and attachment, and are crucial for the development of the vascular, lymphatic, and nervous systems. Ephrin-B activity is deregulated in various nonlymphoid malignancies; however, their precise role in cancer has only started to be addressed. We show here that ephrin-B1, a member of the ephrin-B group, is expressed in pediatric T-cell leukemias, including leukemia cell line Jurkat. Treatment of Jurkat cells with ephrin-B–stimulating EphB3 enhances ephrin-B1 phosphorylation and induces its relocalization into lipid rafts. These events are mediated by the T lineage–specific kinase, Lck, as ephrin-B1 phosphorylation and lipid raft association are blocked in the Lck-deficient clone of Jurkat, JCAM1.6. Ephrin-B1 also induces colocalization of the CrkL and Rac1 cytoskeleton regulators and initiates in leukemic cells a strong repulsive response. The absence of Lck blocks ephrin-B1–induced signaling and repulsion, confirming the essential role for Lck in ephrin-B1–mediated responses. This shows a new role for ephrin-B1 in the regulation of leukemic cells through the Lck-dependent Rac1 colocalization with its signaling partner, CrkL, in lipid rafts. In agreement with its repulsive action, ephrin-B1 seems to support metastatic properties of leukemic cells, as suppression of ephrin-B1 signaling inhibits their invasiveness. Because ephrin-B1–activating EphB proteins are ubiquitously expressed, our findings suggest that ephrin-B1 is likely to play an important role in the regulation of malignant T lymphocytes through the control of lipid-raft–associated signaling, adhesion, and invasive activity, and therefore may represent a novel target for cancer treatment. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(2):291–305)