bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐to‐insulator transition in oxide semimetals by anion doping
Authors: Hong Haitao , Zhang Huimin , Lin Shan , Dhas Jeffrey A. , Paudel Binod , Xu Shuai , Chen Shengru , Cui Ting , Fan Yiyan , Rong Dongke , Jin Qiao , Zhu Zihua , Du Yingge , Chambers Scott A. , Ge Chen , Wang Can , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Le , Jin Kui‐juan , Dong Shuai , Guo Er‐Jia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOxide semimetals exhibiting both nontrivial topological characteristics stand as exemplary parent compounds and multiple degrees of freedom, offering a promise for the realization of novel electronic states. In this work, we report the structural and transport phase transition in an oxide semimetal, SrNbO3, achieved through effective anion doping. Notably, the resistivity increased by more than three orders of magnitude at room temperature upon nitrogen‐doping. The extent of electronic modulation in SrNbO3 is strongly correlated with misfit strain, underscoring its phase instability to both chemical doping and crystallographic symmetry variations. Using first‐principles calculations, we discern that elevating the level of nitrogen doping induces an upward shift in the conductive bands of SrNbO3−δNδ. Consequently, a transition from a metallic state to an insulating state becomes apparent as the nitrogen concentration reaches a threshold of 1/3. This investigation shows effective anion engineering in oxide semimetals, offering pathways for manipulating their physical properties.
Assays on 3D tumor spheroids for exploring the light dosimetry of photodynamic effects under different gaseous conditions
Authors: Li Yuewu , Yang Tianyi , Liu Sijia , Chen Chunxiao , Qian Zhiyu , Yang Yamin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe multifaceted nature of photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires a throughout evaluation of a multitude of parameters when devising preclinical protocols. In this study, we constructed MCF‐7 human breast tumor spheroid assays to infer PDT irradiation doses at four gradient levels for violet light at 408 nm and red light at 625 nm under normal and hypoxic oxygen conditions. The compacted three‐dimensional (3D) tumor models conferred PDT resistance as compared to monolayer cultures due to heterogenous distribution of photosensitizers along with the presence of internal hypoxic region. Cell viability results indicated that the violet light was more efficient to kill cells in the spheroids under normal oxygen conditions, while cells exposed to the hypoxic microenvironment exhibited minimal PDT‐induced death. The combination of 3D tumor spheroid assays and the multiparametric screening platform presented a solid framework for assessing PDT efficacy across a wide range of different physiological conditions and therapeutic regimes.
Global level of methylation in the sea lamprey (jawless vertebrate) genome is intermediate between invertebrate and jawed vertebrate genomes
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Liu Gangbiao , Zhou Zhan , Su Zhixi , Gu Xun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn eukaryotes, cytosine methylation is a primary heritable epigenetic modification of the genome that regulates many cellular processes. In invertebrate, methylated cytosine generally located on specific genomic elements (e.g., gene bodies and silenced repetitive elements) to show a “mosaic” pattern. While in jawed vertebrate (teleost and tetrapod), highly methylated cytosine located genome‐wide but only absence at regulatory regions (e.g., promoter and enhancer). Many studies imply that the evolution of DNA methylation reprogramming may have helped the transition from invertebrates to jawed vertebrates, but the detail remains largely elusive. In this study, we used the whole‐genome bisulfite‐sequencing technology to investigate the genome‐wide methylation in three tissues (heart, muscle, and sperm) from the sea lamprey, an extant agnathan (jawless) vertebrate. Strikingly, we found that the methylation level of the sea lamprey is very similar to that in sea urchin (a deuterostome) and sea squirt (a chordate) invertebrates. In sum, the global pattern in sea lamprey is intermediate methylation level (around 30%), that is higher than methylation level in the genomes of pre‐bilaterians and protostomes (1%−10%), but lower than methylation level appeared in jawed vertebrates (around 70%, teleost and tetrapod). We anticipate that, in addition to genetic dynamics such as genome duplications, epigenetic dynamics such as global methylation reprograming was also orchestrated toward the emergence and evolution of vertebrates.
Facilitators and barriers to community pharmacy PrEP delivery: a scoping review
Authors: Harrison China , Family Hannah , Kesten Joanna , Denford Sarah , Scott Anne , Dawson Sarah , Scott Jenny , Sabin Caroline , Copping Joanna , Harryman Lindsey , Cochrane Sarah , Horwood Jeremy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionPre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective medication to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV. PrEP is available free of charge in the UK from sexual health clinics. Expanding PrEP delivery to community pharmacies holds promise and aligns with UK government goals to eliminate new cases of HIV by 2030. The aim of this scoping review was to describe the existing evidence about the barriers to and facilitators of community pharmacy oral PrEP delivery, for pharmacists and pharmacy clients, as aligned with the Capacity Opportunity, Motivation Behaviour (COM‐B) Model.MethodsFive bibliographic and five review databases were searched from inception to August 2023. Literature of any study design was included if it discussed barriers and facilitators of community pharmacy PrEP delivery. Trial registrations, protocols and news articles were excluded.ResultsA total of 649 records were identified, 73 full texts were reviewed and 56 met the inclusion criteria, predominantly from high‐income/westernized settings. Most of the included literature was original research (55%), from the United States (77%) conducted during or after the year 2020 (63%). Barriers to PrEP delivery for pharmacists included lack of knowledge, training and skills (capability), not having the necessary facilities (opportunity), concern about the costs of PrEP and believing that PrEP use could lead to risk behaviours and sexually transmitted infections (motivation). Facilitators included staff training (capability), time, the right facilities (opportunity), believing PrEP could be a source of profit and could reduce new HIV acquisitions (motivation). For clients, barriers included a lack of PrEP awareness (capability), pharmacy facilities (opportunity) and not considering pharmacists as healthcare providers (motivation). Facilitators included awareness of PrEP and pharmacist's training to deliver it (capability), the accessibility of pharmacies (opportunity) and having an interest in PrEP (motivation).DiscussionTo effectively enhance oral PrEP delivery in UK community pharmacies, the identified barriers and facilitators should be explored for UK relevance, addressed and leveraged at the pharmacy team, client and care pathway level.ConclusionsBy comprehensively considering all aspects of the COM‐B framework, community pharmacies could become crucial providers in expanding PrEP accessibility, contributing significantly to HIV prevention efforts.
Affectional and gender minority student experiences in CACREP‐accredited counseling programs at conservative Christian institutions: A call for change
Authors: Tis Matt 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study explored the experiences of affectional and gender minority students at CACREP accredited counseling programs housed within conservative Christian institutions (CCIs) and the damage caused by the discriminatory environments there. The results highlight the opportunity and responsibility that CCIs have to both protect these vulnerable student populations and provide models for them as well as the need for the counseling field to align the expectations of practitioners with the expectations placed upon training programs.
Coronavirus HKU1 infection and development of pediatric acute liver failure with immune dysregulation phenotype
Authors: Ajmera Arun , Pernicone Peter Joseph , Patel Nishant , Benabe Stefany Hernandez 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPediatric acute liver failure is a rare but serious complication of Coronavirus infections. Our patient is a previously healthy 8‐year‐old male who presented with acute liver failure in the setting of human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV‐HKU1) infection while asymptomatic from a respiratory perspective. During the hospital course, he developed acute hepatic encephalopathy and was listed for liver transplantation, but fortunately recovered remaining status 7 (inactive) on the transplant list. With a negative diagnostic evaluation other than his viral infection and hyperdense CD8 T‐cells on liver immunohistochemical staining, pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) immune dysregulation phenotype was diagnosed.
Governing at a distance to change corporate social responsibility discourse: Navigating through institutions and actors
Authors: Yeröz Huriye , Karatas‐Ozkan Mine , Yamak Sibel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate what influences the evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) debates. Using the idea of ‘governing at a distance’ (Rose & Miller, 1992) from the Foucauldian governmentality perspective, we identify the mechanisms behind CSR's context‐based evolution. Examining 72 academic texts on CSR from the 1940s to the 2000s, we find that spatial political contexts and power interests shape CSR. We argue that CSR discourse is linked to governing systems and was part of a post‐WWII restructuring to support capitalism against communism in the global order. Our study reveals that academic journals and scholars introduced American CSR concepts to Turkish academia through strong ties to institutions like Harvard Business School and the Ford Foundation, influencing the emergence and change of CSR over time. Changes in CSR discourse are contextually embedded and politically laden with its emergence having a strong governmentality dimension for which academics (through their texts, academic acumen, and affiliated institutions) play a key role as intermediaries governing at a distance. While the critical perspective emphasizes the issues of coercion and contestations, our paper suggests the importance of cooperation and concerted efforts in shaping the global construction of CSR. We have demonstrated the nuanced interplay between the local and global governance of business and academic associations, challenging the perceived rigidity of their boundaries.
Role of pea protein isolate in modulating pea starch digestibility: insights from physicochemical and microstructural analysis
Authors: Kuang Jiwei , Yang Xijuan , Xu Ke , Zheng Wancai , Dang Bin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding the interactions between protein and starch is crucial in revealing the mechanisms by which protein influences starch digestibility. The present study investigated the impact of different contents of pea protein isolate (PPI) on the physicochemical properties and digestibility of pea starch (PS).RESULTSThe results demonstrated that as the content of PPI increased from 0% to 12%, and the digestion of PS decreased by 12.3%. Rheological analysis indicated that PPI primarily interacted with molecular chains of PS through hydrogen bonds. Increasing the content of PPI resulted in a 30.6% decrease in the hardness of the composite gels, accompanied by a 10% reduction in the short‐ordered structure of PS. This hindered the formation of molecular aggregation and resulted in a loose and disordered gel network structure. The microstructure confirmed that the attachment of PPI to PS served as a physical barrier, impeding starch digestibility.CONCLUSIONIn summary, the primary mechanism by which PPI inhibited PS digestion involved steric hindrance exerted by PPI and its interaction with PS via hydrogen bonds. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the interaction mechanisms between PS and PPI and offer insights for the optimal utilization of pea resources. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intradiscal administration of autologous platelet‐rich plasma in patients with Modic type 1 associated low back pain: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Kawabata Soya , Nagai Sota , Ito Kei , Takeda Hiroki , Ikeda Daiki , Kawano Yusuke , Kaneko Shinjiro , Shiraishi Yukako , Sano Yuichiro , Ohno Yoshiharu , Fujita Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundVarious treatments for chronic low back pain (LBP) have been reported; among them, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) as a regenerative medicine has attracted much attention. Although Modic type 1 change (MC1) is associated with LBP, no treatment has been established so far. In addition, no studies have administered PRP to intervertebral discs (IVDs) in patients with LBP, targeting MC1 only. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of PRP administration to the IVDs in patients with MC1 experiencing LBP.MethodsPRP was injected intradiscally to 10 patients with MC1 experiencing LBP. Patients were followed prospectively for up to 24 weeks after primary administration. Physical condition, laboratory data, and lumbar x‐ray images were evaluated for safety assessment. Furthermore, to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP, patient‐reported outcomes were considered. In addition, changes in MC1 were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsThere were no adverse events in the laboratory data or lumbar X‐ray images after administration. The mean visual analog scale, which was 70.0 ± 13.3 before the treatment, significantly decreased 1 week after PRP administration and was 39.0 ± 28.8 at the last observation. Oswestry disability index and Roland Morris disability questionnaire scores promptly improved after treatment, and both improved significantly 24 weeks after PRP administration. Follow‐up MRI 24 weeks after treatment showed a significant decrease in the mean high‐signal intensity of fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted imaging from 10.1 to 7.90 mm2 compared with that before PRP administration.ConclusionsThe safety and efficacy of PRP administration to the IVDs of patients with MC1 experiencing LBP were identified. Post‐treatment MRI suggested improvement in inflammation, speculating that PRP suppressed inflammation and consequently relieved the patient's symptoms. Despite the small number of patients, this treatment is promising for patients with MC1 experiencing LBP. The study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Certified Committee for Regenerative Medicine and the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials [jRCT] No. jRCTb042210159).
Heralded Entanglement Distribution Between Two Spin‐Wave Memories Using Temporally Multiplexed Scheme
Authors: Wang Minjie , Jiao Haole , Lu Jiajin , Fan Wenxin , Yang Zhifang , Xi Mengqi , Li Shujing , Wang Hai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe elementary link, which is formed by entanglement between two remote atomic ensembles, is a fundamental component of Duan–Lukin–Cirac–Zoller (DLCZ) quantum repeater. For practical realization of quantum repeaters, it is required that entanglement between two atomic‐ensemble‐based memories can be generated with high rates and retrieved with high efficiencies. However, so far, such quantum‐repeater links remain challenge in experiments. Here, heralded entanglement distribution between atomic‐ensemble‐based memories is demonstrated via temporally multiplexed scheme. A train of 12 write pulses in time is applied to a cloud of cold atoms along different directions, which generates temporally multiplexed pairs of Stokes photons and spin waves via DLCZ processes. The Stokes fields propagating in the two spatial modes, which are paired with two spin waves are combined to perform a single‐photon Bell‐state measurement. A successful detection projects the two spin waves into a single‐excitation entanglement, which represents entanglement distribution in an elementary link. Compared with single‐mode storage scheme, the temporally multiplexed scheme gives rise to a 11.8‐fold increase in entanglement generation rate. By using cavity‐enhanced scheme, spin waves stored in the atoms are retrieved on demand and the retrieval efficiencies are up to 70%, which is beneficial for the subsequent entanglement swapping between adjacent links.
Large‐Range Beam Steering through Dynamic Manipulation of Topological Charges
Authors: Zhang Kong , Zhang Guanjie , Chen Xinghong , Sang Yungang , Mao Yifei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDynamic tuning of light properties by external stimuli is at the core of various applications such as electro‐optical modulators, beam steering, and spatial light modulators. The conventional mechanism involves fine‐tuning the eigenmode of an optical system through adjusting the effective refractive index. However, the weak nonlinearity results in low modulation efficiency, leading to devices with poor performance and large size. Polarization topological charge is a significant concept that has facilitated the development of innovative optical devices like low‐threshold lasers and vortex generators. But the devices reported so far are static in nature. Here, a method for dynamically controlling light by actively manipulating the evolution of topological charges in momentum space is first presented. By switching between integer and half‐integer states of topological charges, the device's radiation properties undergo a significant transformation. The beam direction can be tuned up to 160°, which, to the best of the authors' knowledge, is the largest tuning angle among similar beam steering devices. Furthermore, the device demonstrates high radiation efficiency while maintaining a compact device size. This light controlling method can be applied in various fields, including optical communication, tunable lasers, and light detection and ranging.
Real‐Time Jones Matrix Synthesis by Compact Polarization Inline Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Liu Hanzi , R.V Vinu , Chen Kaiquan , Liao Dongyang , Chen Ziyang , Pu Jixiong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Jones matrix is a powerful quantitative tool for polarimetric imaging and characterization, where the matrix elements represent the intrinsic optical properties of the anisotropic objects on interaction with the polarized light. Most of the state‐of‐the‐art single‐shot Jones‐matrix imaging techniques rely on interferometric methods, which makes the design complex with the use of large number of polarization optics and produces space‐bandwidth limitations. The simultaneous extraction of Jones matrix elements with a compact system design is still a technical challenge in view of its potential applications in biomedical and real‐time characterization scenarios. In this paper, the imaging features of the in‐line holography are exploited to develop a compact polarization in‐line holography (PIH) system capable of single‐shot extraction of Jones‐matrix elements. The technique achieves simultaneous orthogonal polarization state generation and corresponding polarization multiplexed in‐line hologram detection by utilizing a compact polarization geometry. The imaging compatibility and measurement accuracy of the method is experimentally validated by the real‐time synthesis of Jones‐matrix elements corresponding to custom designed polarization sensitive samples and standard birefringent resolution target. Furthermore, to demonstrate the application of the system in dynamic imaging, the transient polarization changes of a custom‐designed parallel nematic liquid crystal display (LCD) are investigated.
Randomized Phase I Trial of the α‐Synuclein Antibody Lu AF82422
Authors: Buur Louise , Wiedemann Jonas , Larsen Frank , Ben Alaya‐Fourati Fayrouz , Kallunki Pekka , Ditlevsen Dorte Kornerup , Sørensen Mette Høgh , Meulien Didier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy targeting pathological α‐synuclein (α‐syn) species is a promising strategy for slowing disease progression in neurodegenerative synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and target engagement of ascending doses of Lu AF82422.MethodsIn this first‐in‐human study (NCT03611569), healthy participants (18–55 years, cohort A) and patients with PD (40–80 years, Hoehn and Yahr stage ≤3, cohort B) were enrolled in ascending‐dose cohorts and randomly assigned to receive single intravenous infusions of Lu AF82422 (cohorts A1–A6: 75, 225, 750, 2250 4500, and 9000 mg, respectively; cohorts B1 and B2: 2250 and 9000 mg, respectively) or placebo. Participants were monitored during a 12‐week observational period.ResultsOverall, single intravenous infusions of Lu AF82422 were safe and well tolerated, and no serious adverse events (AE) were observed; the most common AEs were related to the study on lumbar punctures, headache, and common infections. Lu AF82422 concentrations (in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) increased in a dose‐proportional manner with no observable differences between cohorts; mean plasma half‐life was 700 h. Plasma concentrations of Lu AF82422 had an immediate, concentration‐dependent lowering effect on the plasma concentration of free α‐syn and on the ratio of free to total α‐syn in all cohorts and lowered the free‐to‐total α‐syn ratio in CSF in the high‐dose PD cohort.ConclusionsThe safety and pharmacokinetic profile of Lu AF82422 were appropriate for further clinical development, and results indicated peripheral target engagement. The central target engagement observed in participants with PD indicates that the doses of Lu AF82422 tested may provide CSF concentrations sufficient to target aggregated forms of α‐syn. © 2024 H. Lundbeck A/S. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
An introductory review of swarm technology for spacecraft on‐orbit servicing
Authors: Asri El Ghali , Zhu Zheng H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis review paper presents a comprehensive evaluation and forward‐looking perspective on the underexplored topic of servicing target objects using spacecraft swarms. Such targets can be known or unknown, cooperative or uncooperative, and pose significant challenges in modern space operations due to their inherent complexity and unpredictability. Successfully servicing space objects is vital for active debris removal and broader on‐orbit servicing tasks such as satellite maintenance, repair, refueling, orbital assembly, and construction. Significant effort has been invested in the literature to explore the servicing of targets using a single spacecraft. Given its advantages and benefits, this paper expands the discussion to encompass a swarm approach to the problem. This review covers various single‐spacecraft approaches and presents a critical examination of the existing, although limited, body of work dedicated to servicing orbital objects using multiple spacecraft. The focus is also broadened to include some influential studies concerning the characterization, capture, and manipulation of physical objects by general multiagent systems, a subject with significant parallels to the core interest of this manuscript. Furthermore, this article also delves into the realm of simultaneous localization and mapping, highlighting its application within close‐proximity operations in space, especially when dealing with unknown uncooperative targets. Special attention is paid to the benefits that this field can receive from distributed multiagent architectures. Finally, an exploration of the promising field of swarm robotics is presented, with an emphasis on its potential to revolutionize the servicing of orbital target objects. Concurrently, a survey of general research directly engaging swarms in the orbital context is conducted. This review aims to bridge the knowledge gap and stimulate further research in the underexplored domain of servicing space targets with spacecraft swarms.