bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes, values, and socio‐demographic characteristics that predict acceptance of genetic engineering and applications of new technology in Australia
Authors: Mohr Philip , Harrison Adam , Wilson Carlene , Baghurst Katrine I. , Syrette Julie 
Published: August 2007

AbstractStudies of community reactions to biotechnology and genetic engineering (GE), in particular, have identified a number of correlates of acceptance, including the field of application of a technology and various characteristics of the perceiver. Factor analysis of acceptability ratings (N=686) of 12 applications of new technologies revealed three factors, denoting medical, societal, and indulgent applications. Acceptability ratings of each application and of GE in principle were regressed onto 18 demographic, attitudinal, trust, and value variables previously identified as potential correlates of acceptance. Predictive profiles for acceptance of medical and societal applications were largely similar. General receptiveness toward science and technology was the primary predictor of GE acceptance and a major predictor of acceptance for each application area. Environmental concern and self‐transcendent (e.g., pro‐nature) values did not predict acceptance in any instance. Findings clarify considerations associated with acceptance of biotechnological innovations and support arguments against knowledge‐ and trust‐deficit explanations of resistance to technology.
Bringing scientists to the people – the Co‐Extra website
Authors: Breyer Didier , Daubresse Pierre , Sneyers Myriam 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDisseminating and facilitating access to science‐based information is a necessity to enable the public to make informed decisions about appropriate uses of biotechnology products. It is also one of the major objectives of Co‐Extra, a European‐funded project addressing co‐existence of genetically modified organisms and non‐genetically modified organisms in Europe and their traceability. To this end, a dynamic and interactive website has been developed as the core element of the Co‐Extra external communication strategy. This website has been designed to make it attractive and accessible to a large audience in a very simple and practical manner, building on practical experiences gained in the development of other websites related to biotechnology and genetically modified organisms. The website delivers popularized information for the general public as well as scientific data meant primarily for the more expert readers. It also provides for various permanent tools allowing multidirectional interaction with its visitors. Content is displayed using a web‐based platform, based on a sophisticated Content Management System. First results indicate a high level of interest from the general public and from experts, showing that the content of this website can contribute by communicating science‐based information to improve awareness and understanding of biotechnology.
Ethanolic fermentation of hydrolysates from ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) treated corn stover and distillers grain without detoxification and external nutrient supplementation
Authors: Lau Ming W. , Dale Bruce E. , Balan Venkatesh 
Published: August 2007

AbstractExternal nutrient supplementation and detoxification of hydrolysate significantly increase the production cost of cellulosic ethanol. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of fermenting cellulosic hydrolysates without washing, detoxification or external nutrient supplementation using ethanologens Escherichia coli KO11 and the adapted strain ML01 at low initial cell density (16 mg dry weight/L). The cellulosic hydrolysates were derived from enzymatically digested ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX)‐treated corn stover and dry distiller's grain and solubles (DDGS) at high solids loading (18% by weight). The adaptation was achieved through selective evolution of KO11 on hydrolysate from AFEX‐treated corn stover. All cellulosic hydrolysates tested (36–52 g/L glucose) were fermentable. Regardless of strains, metabolic ethanol yields were near the theoretical limit (0.51 g ethanol/g consumed sugar). Volumetric ethanol productivity of 1.2 g/h/L was achieved in fermentation on DDGS hydrolysate and DDGS improved the fermentability of hydrolysate from corn stover. However, enzymatic hydrolysis and xylose utilization during fermentation were the bottlenecks for ethanol production from corn stover at these experimental conditions. In conclusion, fermentation under the baseline conditions was feasible. Utilization of nutrient‐rich feedstocks such as DDGS in fermentation can replace expensive media supplementation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 529–539. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CFD simulation of non‐Newtonian fluid flow in anaerobic digesters
Authors: Wu Binxin , Chen Shulin 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA general mathematical model that predicts the flow fields in a mixed‐flow anaerobic digester was developed. In this model, the liquid manure was assumed to be a non‐Newtonian fluid, and the flow governed by the continuity, momentum, and k‐ε standard turbulence equations, and non‐Newtonian power law model. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, Fluent, was applied to simulate the flow fields of lab‐scale, scale‐up, and pilot‐scale anaerobic digesters. The simulation results were validated against the experimental data from literature. The flow patterns were qualitatively compared for Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids flow in a lab‐scale digester. Numerical simulations were performed to predict the flow fields in scale‐up and pilot‐scale anaerobic digesters with different water pump power inputs and different total solid concentration (TS) in the liquid manure. The optimal power inputs were determined for the pilot‐scale anaerobic digester. Some measures for reducing dead and low velocity zones were proposed based upon the CFD simulation results. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 700–711. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Redox control bioreactor: A unique biological water processor
Authors: Smith Daniel P. , Rector Tony , Reid‐Black Kristina , Hummerick Mary , Strayer Richard , Birmele Michele , Roberts Michael S. , Garland Jay L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe redox control bioreactor (RCB) is a new hollow fiber membrane bioreactor (HFMBR) design in which oxygen and hydrogen gases are provided simultaneously through separate arrays of juxtaposed hollow fiber (HF) membranes. This study applied the RCB for completely autotrophic conversion of ammonia to N2 through nitrification with O2 and denitrification using hydrogen as an electron donor (i.e., autohydrogentrophic denitrification). The hypothesis of this research was that efficient biofilm utilization of O2 and H2 at respective HFs would limit transport of these gases to bulk fluid, thereby enabling completely autotrophic ammonia conversion to N2 through the co‐occurrence of ammonia oxidation (O2–HF biofilms) and autohydrogenotrophic denitrification (H2–HF biofilms). A prototype RCB was fabricated and operated for 215 days on a synthetic, organic‐free feedstream containing 217 mg L−1 NH–N. When O2 and H2 were simultaneously supplied, the RCB achieved a steady NH–N removal flux of 5.8 g m−2 day−1 normalized to O2–HF surface area with a concomitant removal flux of 4.4 g m−2 day−1 (NO+NO)–N based on H2–HF surface area. The significance of H2 supply was confirmed by an increase in effluent NO–N when H2 supply was discontinued and a decline in NO–N when H2 supply was restarted. Increases in H2 pressure caused decreased ammonia utilization, suggesting that excess H2 interfered with nitrification. Microprobe profiling across radial transects revealed significant gradients in dissolved O2 on spatial scales of 1 mm or less. Physiological and molecular analysis of biofilms confirmed that structurally and functionally distinct biofilms developed on adjacent, juxtaposed fibers. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 830–845. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monoclonal anti‐A antibody removal by synthetic A antigen immobilized on specific antibody filters
Authors: Gautam Shalini , Korchagina Elena Y. , Bovin Nicolai V. , Federspiel William J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRemoval of blood group anti‐A and anti‐B antibodies can prevent hyperacute organ rejection in ABO‐incompatible transplantation. We are developing an extracorporeal‐specific antibody filter (SAF) as an immunoadsorption device for direct removal of ABO blood group antibodies from whole blood, without the need for plasma separation and plasma exchange. A hollow fiber‐based small scale SAF (mini‐SAF) device was fabricated and synthetic A antigen, Atrisaccharide (Atri) conjugated to activated polyacrylic acid, was immobilized on the fiber lumen surface. Monoclonal antibody anti‐A IgM were specifically removed up to 70% of initial antibodies using mini‐SAF device. The monoclonal anti‐A capture experiments on mini‐SAF indicated that antibody removal relative to the initial concentration is independent of inlet concentration in the beginning; however, as the surface starts saturating with bound antibodies, removal becomes dependent on inlet concentration. No significant effect of flow rate on removal rate was observed. The radial diffusion and axial convection‐based mathematical model developed for unsteady state antibody removal was in good agreement with the experimental data and showed that the antibody removal rate can be maximized by increasing the antibody‐binding capacity of the SAF. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 876–883. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous estimation of chlorophyll a and lipid contents in microalgae by three‐color analysis
Authors: Su Chia‐Hung , Fu Chun‐Chong , Chang Yet‐Chung , Nair Giridhar R. , Ye Jun‐Liang , Chu I.‐Ming , Wu Wen‐Teng 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA method of rapid determination of chlorophyll a and lipid contents of microalgae based on colorimetric analysis of the digital images of the microalgae is proposed. The color variation of microalgae during cultivation is evaluated by the brightness of the three primary colors (red, green, and blue). The brightness values of the three primary colors are modeled as two linear correlation functions (RGB model) for microalgal chlorophyll a and lipid contents, respectively. The chlorophyll a and lipid contents predicted by the proposed model are compared with that determined by the standard methods. The good agreement of the model predictions with experimental results is demonstrated with a squared correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99 for chlorophyll a and lipid. The reliability of the RGB model was verified in real cultivations of the microalgae in a photobioreactor. Growth dynamics, contents of chlorophyll a and lipid corresponded very well with previously reported studies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008; 99; 1034–1039. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silicate mineral dissolution during heap bioleaching
Authors: Dopson Mark , Halinen Anna‐Kaisa , Rahunen Nelli , Boström Dan , Sundkvist Jan‐Eric , Riekkola‐Vanhanen Marja , Kaksonen Anna H. , Puhakka Jaakko A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSilicate minerals are present in association with metal sulfides in ores and their dissolution occurs when the sulfide minerals are bioleached in heaps for metal recovery. It has previously been suggested that silicate mineral dissolution can affect mineral bioleaching by acid consumption, release of trace elements, and increasing the viscosity of the leach solution. In this study, the effect of silicates present in three separate samples in conjunction with chalcopyrite and a complex multi‐metal sulfide ore on heap bioleaching was evaluated in column bioreactors. Fe2+ oxidation was inhibited in columns containing chalcopyrite samples A and C that leached 1.79 and 1.11 mM fluoride, respectively but not in sample B that contained 0.14 mM fluoride. Microbial Fe2+ oxidation inhibition experiments containing elevated fluoride concentrations and measurements of fluoride release from the chalcopyrite ores supported that inhibition of Fe2+ oxidation during column leaching of two of the chalcopyrite ores was due to fluoride toxicity. Column bioleaching of the complex sulfide ore was carried out at various temperatures (7–50°C) and pH values (1.5–3.0). Column leaching at pH 1.5 and 2.0 resulted in increased acid consumption rates and silicate dissolution such that it became difficult to filter the leach solutions and for the leach liquor to percolate through the column. However, column temperature (at pH 2.5) only had a minor effect on the acid consumption and silicate dissolution rates. This study demonstrates the potential negative impact of silicate mineral dissolution on heap bioleaching by microbial inhibition and liquid flow. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 811–820. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel small‐diameter vascular graft: In vivo behavior of biodegradable three‐layered tubular scaffolds
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhou Jianye , Lu Qingping , Wei Yingjie , Hu Shengshou 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSmall‐diameter vascular grafts are potential substitutes for damaged vessels in patients, but most biodegradable grafts available now are not strong enough. The present study examined the burst strength, radial compliance, suture retention strength for a novel biodegradable tubular scaffold and investigated its behavior in vivo. The tubular scaffold (6‐mm i.d., 4 cm long) has three layers including porous polylacticglycolic‐ acid in both inner and outer layers, a compact polyurethanes layer in midst. Bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) were seeded on the scaffolds and cultured for 7 days in vitro to construct tissue engineered vascular grafts which were then implanted in canine abdominal aorta. After 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks, the grafts were retrieved and evaluated histologically, angiographically and immunohistochemically. The biodegradable tubular scaffolds showed wall thickness of 0.295 mm to 0.432 mm; radial compliance of 3.80%/100 mmHg ∼0.57%/100mmHg, burst strength of 160 kPa ∼183kPa, and suture retention strength of 1959 N/cm2∼3228N/cm2. The implanted grafts were fully patent without any signs of dilation or obstruction after 3 months' implantation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a confluence endothelial cell layer spreading on the inner surface of the grafts. Immunohistochemistry of the retrieved grafts showed that vWF‐stainin, αSMA‐staining were positive in the inner and medium layer respectively. Masson's trichrome staining showed that amount of collagen fibers existed in the grafts wall. Overall, these novel three‐layered scaffolds exhibited favourable mechanical strength, long term patency and good remodeling in vivo. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008; 99; 1007–1015. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fed‐batch cultivation of the marine bacterium Sulfitobacter pontiacus using immobilized substrate and purification of sulfite oxidase by application of membrane adsorber technology
Authors: Muffler Kai , Ulber Roland 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSulfitobacter pontiacus, a gram‐negative heterotrophic bacterium isolated from the Black Sea is well known to produce a soluble AMP‐independent sulfite oxidase (sulfite: acceptor oxidoreductase) of high activity. Such an enzyme can be of great help in establishing biosensor systems for detection of sulfite in food and beverages considering the high sensitivity of biosensors and the increasing demand for such biosensor devices. For obtaining efficient amounts of the enzyme, an induction of its biosynthesis by supplementing sufficient concentrations of sodium sulfite to the fermentation broth is required. Owing to the fact that a high initial concentration of sodium sulfite decreases dramatically the enzyme expression, different fed‐batch strategies can be applied to circumvent such inhibition or repression of the enzyme respectively. By the use of sulfite species immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol gels, an approach to the controlled and continuous feeding of sulfite to the cultivation media could be established to diminish inhibitory concentrations. Furthermore, the purification of the enzyme is described by using membrane adsorber technology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 870–875. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of the smallest surgical margin on local control in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Sampo M , Tarkkanen M , Huuhtanen R , Tukiainen E , Böhling T , Blomqvist C 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
The aim was to review a single-institution experience of a prospective treatment protocol for soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity and trunk wall, with particular focus on the smallest surgical margin leading to local control.

Methods
The study included 270 patients who had surgery for soft tissue sarcoma at Helsinki University Central Hospital between 1987 and 1997. Resection margins were measured prospectively from tumour specimens. Radiotherapy was administered if the smallest margin measured less than 2·5 cm, irrespective of tumour grade.

Results
With a median follow-up of 6·6 years, the 5-year local control rate was 76·4 per cent. On multivariable analysis, the smallest surgical margin around the sarcoma (after radiotherapy) was prognostic for local control. A margin of at least 2·5 cm was associated with a local recurrence-free rate of 89·2 per cent at 5 years. Tumour size, depth or grade and patient's age had no independent prognostic effect on local control.

Conclusion
Surgical margin had independent prognostic value for local control. A surgical margin of 2–3 cm provided reasonable local control of soft tissue sarcoma, even without radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is recommended for smaller margins, irrespective of tumour grade.
Simultaneous quantitation of three major triterpenoid glycosides in Centella asiatica extracts by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection
Authors: Zhang Feng‐Lun , Wei Ying‐Jie , Zhu Jia , Gong Zhu‐Nan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatography method with evaporative light scattering detection was established for simultaneous determination of three major triterpenoid glycosides, i.e. asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiaticoside‐B, in Centella asiatica extracts. The optimal chromatographic conditions were achieved on a COSMOSIL 5C18‐MS‐II column by constant elution with water (0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, v/v) and acetonitrile (1.0% methyl tert‐butyl ether, 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, v/v) (78:22) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min; the column temperature was 30°C. The evaporative light scattering detector was set at an evaporating temperature of 40°C and nitrogen gas pressure of 3.5 bar. The validation of the method included tests of linearity, sensitivity, precision, repeatability, stability and accuracy. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r2 > 0.9993) within test ranges. The established method showed good precision and accuracy with overall intra‐day and inter‐day variations of 1.73–3.06 and 3.89%–4.92%, respectively, and overall recoveries of 97.63–99.39% for the three compounds analyzed. The method developed was successfully applied to quantify the main triterpenoid glycosides in Centella asiatica extracts from different companies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescence determination of N‐acetylaspartic acid in the rat cerebrum homogenate using high‐performance liquid chromatography with pre‐column fluorescence derivatization
Authors: Fukushima Takeshi , Arai Kotaro , Tomiya Masayuki , Mitsuhashi Shogo , Sasaki Tsukasa , Santa Tomofumi , Imai Kazuhiro , Toyo'oka Toshimasa 
Published: August 2007

AbstractN‐Acetyl‐l‐aspartic acid (NAA) is an endogenous compound, and its brain concentration is suggested to be altered in neurological disorders. In the present study, a fluorescence determination method for NAA was developed by employing reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with pre‐column fluorescence derivatization using 4‐N,N‐dimethylaminosulfonyl‐7‐N‐(2‐aminoethyl)amino‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (DBD‐ED). Using methylsuccinic acid as the internal standard, a linear calibration curve for NAA was constructed in the range 125–1000 µm (n = 3). The detection limit on the column was approximately 5.0 fmol (signal‐to‐noise ratio 3). The proposed HPLC method was applied to determine NAA in the rat cerebrum homogenate. Cerebrum NAA was successfully determined using 10 µL of the homogenate, and the validation data for the proposed HPLC method demonstrated satisfactory results. Intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy were within 1.1–7.0 and −8.1–6.3%, respectively. The concentration of NAA in the male rat cerebrum (13 weeks old) was 84 ± 4.6 µmol/mg protein (n = 3). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 4‐[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethylaminosulfonyl]‐7‐N‐methylhydrazino‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (DAABD‐MHz) as a derivatization reagent for aldehydes in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Santa Tomofumi , Al‐Dirbashi Osama Y , Ichibangase Tomoko , Rashed Mohamed S , Fukushima Takeshi , Imai Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBenzofurazan derivatization reagent, 4‐[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethylaminosulfonyl]‐7‐N‐methylhydrazino‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (DAABD‐MHz), for aldehydes in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS), was synthesized. DAABD‐MHz reacted with aliphatic aldehydes under mild conditions. The generated derivatives were separated on a reversed‐phase column and detected by ESI‐MS/MS with detection limits of 30–60 fmol on‐column. Upon collision‐induced dissociation, a single and intense fragment ion at m/z 151 was observed. These results suggested that DAABD‐MHz was suitable as a derivatization reagent in LC/ESI‐MS/MS. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of a simple HPLC method for assay of haplamine and its metabolites in plasma suitable for pharmacokinetic application in rats
Authors: Ea Sompheary , Aubert Claude , Giacometti Sarah , Ciccolini Joseph , Siv Chhan , Bun Hot 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA simple HPLC method with ultraviolet detection has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of haplamine and its metabolites (trans/cis‐3,4‐dihydroxyhaplamine) in rat. A liquid–liquid extraction was used to extract the compounds from rat plasma. The analysis was performed on a C18 Nucleosil Nautilus column. The mobile phase consisted of water (A) and a mixture of methanol and acetonitrile (85:15; v/v) (B) used in gradient mode (38–40% B for 10 min, 40–58% B for 49 min, 58–38% B for 1 min, and 38% for 5 min) pumped at 1 mL/min. The calibration curves showed good linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 for the analytes in the investigated concentration range. The lower limit of detection was 0.007, 0.008 and 0.009 µg/mL and the lower limit of quantification was 0.014, 0.017 and 0.018 µg/mL for haplamine, and trans/cis‐3,4‐dihydroxyhaplamine, respectively. The method was applied to a preliminary pharmacokinetic study in rats. This method proved to meet fully the standards required of experimental pharmacokinetic studies and should be used in further preclinical investigation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.