bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carl Stumpf and Control Groups
Authors: Kursell Julia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the secondary literature, the notion of control group has so far been traced to two important moments in history of the life sciences: thinking in populations and applying statistics to these. This chapter proposes an additional lineage in the reduction of variation among the members of two paired groups in philosopher Carl Stumpf’s experimental psychology. His method of comparing the conditions of judgment in these groups is traced to three stages, the earliest being his research with individuals that do or do not have musical ability, followed by the stage of being confronted with non-European music, to the final stage of reaching a fully controlled and technically supported setting in which individuals are put in the position to judge either with or without previous knowledge about chosen sounds under scrutiny. The chapter uses Stumpf’s own notion of “practical epistemology” to align his experimental practice with his parallel elaborations of Brentanian logic.
Controlling Nature in the Lab and Beyond: Methodological Predicaments in Nineteenth-Century Botany
Authors: Nickelsen Kärin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBotany changed dramatically in the nineteenth century, particularly in German-speaking countries, and an important part of this change was the development of new methodological principles. Many botanists were deeply concerned with making observations accurate, experimental design meaningful, and inferences safe—in other words, they struggled to define “control strategies” and implement “control practices.” This essay specifically examines the work of Julius Wiesner (1838–1916), acclaimed plant physiologist in Vienna and protagonist of the new scientific botany. When Wiesner studied the influence of light on plants in his laboratory, he took care that all experimental circumstances were controlled meticulously; but the essay shows that when Wiesner moved his studies into the field, he had to adapt to entirely new conditions. The questions emerging from these studies ultimately demanded a different set of methodological principles and control strategies—so different the essay argues, that Wiesner helped to found a new sub-discipline: the “Biology of Plants”.
Digitale Medien und Schlaf bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Grundlagen
Authors: Paulus Frank W. 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungJugendliche und Kinder bis hin zu Säuglingen wachsen in einem medial geprägten Umfeld auf. Digitale Hardware (Smartphones, Computer, Tablets, Spielekonsolen und Fernseher) und deren Anwendungen (zum Spielen, zur sozialen Kommunikation, zur Wissensvermittlung) sind längst fester Bestandteil des Alltags von Kindern und Jugendlichen, sei es zu Hause, in der Schule bzw. dem Kindergarten oder in der Freizeit. Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat die Verwendung digitaler Medien weiter intensiviert. Das Kinder-(Schlaf)zimmer ist inzwischen ein Ort digitaler medialer Nutzung geworden, tagsüber, am Abend und in der Nacht. Die Nutzung digitaler Technologien wirkt sich negativ auf den Schlaf aus und führt zu einer verkürzten Gesamtschlafdauer, verminderter Schlafqualität, Schlafstörungen, einer verzögerten Einschlafzeit oder einem gestörten Schlafrhythmus bis hin zu einer Tag-Nacht-Umkehr. Als potenzielle Wirkmechanismen und Moderatoren in der Beziehung zwischen Mediennutzung und Schlaf wirken erstens die direkte Ersetzung des Schlafes durch die digitale Mediennutzung, zweitens ein erhöhtes Arousal, drittens eine Verzögerung des zirkadianen Rhythmus, ausgelöst durch die Lichtexposition bei Bildschirmtätigkeit, viertens eine (defizitäre) Selbstkontrolle und fünftens eine dysfunktionale Emotionsregulation.
Am I a math person? Linking math identity with students’ motivation for mathematics and achievement
Authors: Radišić Jelena , Krstić Ksenija , Blažanin Barbara , Mićić Katarina , Baucal Aleksandar , Peixoto Francisco , Schukajlow Stanislaw 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBased on the expectancy-value perspective on identity and identity formation, this paper explores the relationship between math identity (MI) and the dimensions of motivation (i.e. intrinsic value, attainment value, utility value and perceived competence) and math achievement in primary school. An additional aim of our research was to explore these relationships in different cultural contexts and investigate potential gender and grade differences concerning MI. The participants were 11,782 primary school students from Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Finland, Portugal and Serbia. All predictors from the motivation spectrum were significant for students’ MI across the examined countries and had a stronger association with MI than math achievement. Among the motivational dimensions, intrinsic value had the strongest association with students’ MI. Boys had significantly more positive math identities than girls in Estonia, Finland, Norway and Portugal. The results showed that the grade 4 students perceived themselves less as “math persons” than their grade 3 peers in all countries.
From Siberia to Indonesia: tracking the migration of the Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis
Authors: Heim Wieland , Bourski Oleg , Shchemeleva Katya , Tøttrup Anders P. , Thorup Kasper 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLittle is known regarding the migration routes of Siberian songbird populations. Here we provide the first geolocator tracking data for an Arctic Warbler breeding in Central Siberia and compare its movements with eight long-distance ring recoveries of this species. In autumn, the tracked individual migrated eastward to a stopover site in eastern Siberia, before migrating southward through Taiwan to its non-breeding sites in the Philippines and Indonesia. During spring migration, the bird spent at least one month at stopover sites in Mongolia, before migrating to its breeding site in June. Ring recovery data confirmed the movement between the Central Siberian breeding grounds and stopover sites in northern Mongolia.
A Review on the Mullins Effect in Tough Elastomers and Gels
Authors: Zhan Lin , Qu Shaoxing , Xiao Rui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTough elastomers and gels have garnered broad research interest due to their wide-ranging potential applications. However, during the loading and unloading cycles, a clear stress softening behavior can be observed in many material systems, which is also named as the Mullins effect. In this work, we aim to provide a complete review of the Mullins effect in soft yet tough materials, specifically focusing on nanocomposite gels, double-network hydrogels, and multi-network elastomers. We first revisit the experimental observations for these soft materials. We then discuss the recent developments of constitutive models, emphasizing novel developments in the damage mechanisms or network representations. Some phenomenological models will also be briefly introduced. Particular attention is then placed on the anisotropic and multiaxial modeling aspects. It is demonstrated that most of the existing models fail to accurately predict the multiaxial data, posing a significant challenge for developing future anisotropic models tailored for tough gels and elastomers.
Investigating the readability of test code
Authors: Winkler Dietmar , Urbanke Pirmin , Ramler Rudolf 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Context
The readability of source code is key for understanding and maintaining software systems and tests. Although several studies investigate the readability of source code, there is limited research specifically on the readability of test code and related influence factors.

Objective
In this paper, we aim at investigating the factors that influence the readability of test code from an academic perspective based on scientific literature sources and complemented by practical views, as discussed in grey literature.

Methods
First, we perform a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) with a focus on scientific literature. Second, we extend this study by reviewing grey literature sources for practical aspects on test code readability and understandability. Finally, we conduct a controlled experiment on the readability of a selected set of test cases to collect additional knowledge on influence factors discussed in practice.

Results
The result set of the SMS includes 19 primary studies from the scientific literature for further analysis. The grey literature search reveals 62 sources for information on test code readability. Based on an analysis of these sources, we identified a combined set of 14 factors that influence the readability of test code. 7 of these factors were found in scientific and grey literature, while some factors were mainly discussed in academia (2) or industry (5) with only limited overlap. The controlled experiment on practically relevant influence factors showed that the investigated factors have a significant impact on readability for half of the selected test cases.

Conclusion
Our review of scientific and grey literature showed that test code readability is of interest for academia and industry with a consensus on key influence factors. However, we also found factors only discussed by practitioners. For some of these factors we were able to confirm an impact on readability in a first experiment. Therefore, we see the need to bring together academic and industry viewpoints to achieve a common view on the readability of software test code.
ControlPULP: A RISC-V On-Chip Parallel Power Controller for Many-Core HPC Processors with FPGA-Based Hardware-In-The-Loop Power and Thermal Emulation
Authors: Ottaviano Alessandro , Balas Robert , Bambini Giovanni , Del Vecchio Antonio , Ciani Maicol , Rossi Davide , Benini Luca , Bartolini Andrea 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh-performance computing (HPC) processors are nowadays integrated cyber-physical systems demanding complex and high-bandwidth closed-loop power and thermal control strategies. To efficiently satisfy real-time multi-input multi-output (MIMO) optimal power requirements, high-end processors integrate an on-die power controller system (PCS). While traditional PCSs are based on a simple microcontroller (MCU)-class core, more scalable and flexible PCS architectures are required to support advanced MIMO control algorithms for managing the ever-increasing number of cores, power states, and process, voltage, and temperature variability. This paper presents ControlPULP, an open-source, HW/SW RISC-V parallel PCS platform consisting of a single-core MCU with fast interrupt handling coupled with a scalable multi-core programmable cluster accelerator and a specialized DMA engine for the parallel acceleration of real-time power management policies. ControlPULP relies on FreeRTOS to schedule a reactive power control firmware (PCF) application layer. We demonstrate ControlPULP in a power management use-case targeting a next-generation 72-core HPC processor. We first show that the multi-core cluster accelerates the PCF, achieving 4.9x speedup compared to single-core execution, enabling more advanced power management algorithms within the control hyper-period at a shallow area overhead, about 0.1% the area of a modern HPC CPU die. We then assess the PCS and PCF by designing an FPGA-based, closed-loop emulation framework that leverages the heterogeneous SoCs paradigm, achieving DVFS tracking with a mean deviation within 3% the plant’s thermal design power (TDP) against a software-equivalent model-in-the-loop approach. Finally, we show that the proposed PCF compares favorably with an industry-grade control algorithm under computational-intensive workloads.
Assessment of URANS-Type Turbulent Flow Modeling of a Single Port Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) for Thin Slab Continuous Casting (TSC) Process
Authors: Vakhrushev Alexander , Karimi-Sibaki Ebrahim , Wu Menghuai , Ludwig Andreas , Nitzl Gerald , Tang Yong , Hackl Gernot , Watzinger Josef , Bohacek Jan , Kharicha Abdellah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe numerical methods based on the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations are robust tools to model the turbulent flow for the industrial processes. They allow an acceptable grid resolution along with reasonable calculation time. Herein, the URANS approach is validated against a water model experiment for the special single port submerged entry nozzle (SEN) design used in the thin slab casting (TSC) process. A 1-to-2 under-scaled water model was constructed, including the SEN, mold, and strand Plexiglas segments. Paddle-type sensors were instrumented to measure the submeniscus velocity supported by videorecording of the dye injections to provide both qualitative and quantitative verification of the SEN flow simulations. Two advanced URANS-type models (realizablek–εand shear stress transportk–ω) were applied to calculate velocity pattern on meshes with various resolutions. An oscillating single jet flow was detected in the experiment, which the URANS simulations initially struggled to reflect. The dimensionless analysis of the mesh properties and corresponding adjustment of the boundary layers inside the SEN allowed to resolve the flow pattern. The performed fast Fourier transform (FFT) verified a good numerical prediction of the flow frequency spectrum. The corresponding simulation strategy is proposed for the industrial CC process using the URANS approach.
A structure theorem for fundamental solutions of analytic multipliers in $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$
Authors: Winterrose David Scott 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing a version of Hironaka’s resolution of singularities for real-analytic functions, any elliptic multiplier $$\text {Op}(p)$$

Op
(
p
)

of order $$d>0$$

d
>
0

, real-analytic near $$p^{-1}(0)$$

p

-
1

(
0
)

, has a fundamental solution $$\mu _0$$

μ
0

. We give an integral representation of $$\mu _0$$

μ
0

in terms of the resolutions supplied by Hironaka’s theorem. This $$\mu _0$$

μ
0

is weakly approximated in $$H^t_{\text {loc}}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

H
loc
t

(

R

n

)

for $$t<d-\frac{n}{2}$$

t
<
d
-

n
2

by a sequence from a Paley-Wiener space. In special cases of global symmetry, the obtained integral representation can be made fully explicit, and we use this to compute fundamental solutions for two non-polynomial symbols.
Bone Regeneration with Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Scaffolds: Systematic Review of Human Clinical Trials
Authors: Theodosaki Astero Maria , Tzemi Maria , Galanis Nikiforos , Bakopoulou Athina , Kotsiomiti Eleni , Aggelidou Eleni , Kritis Aristeidis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of stem cells in scaffolds in the treatment of bone deficits, in regard of bone regeneration, safety, rehabilitation and quality of life in humans. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020. A systematic search was conducted in three search engines and two registries lastly in 29-9-2022.for studies of the last 15 years. The risk of bias was assessed with RoB-2, ROBINS- I and NIH Quality of Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with no Control group. The certainty of the results was assessed with the GRADE assessment tool. Due to heterogeneity, the results were reported in tables, graphs and narratively. The study protocol was published in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42022359049. Of the 10,091 studies retrieved, 14 were meeting the inclusion criteria, and were qualitatively analyzed. 138 patients were treated with mesenchymal stem cells in scaffolds, showing bone healing in all cases, and even with better results than the standard care. The adverse events were mild in most cases and in accordance with the surgery received. When assessed, there was a rehabilitation of the deficit and a gain in quality of life was detected. Although the heterogeneity between the studies and the small number of patients, the administration of mesenchymal stem cells in scaffolds seems safe and effective in the regeneration of bone defects. These results pave the way for the conduction of more clinical trials, with greater number of participants, with more standardized procedures.
Graphical Abstract
Prey consumption and conversion efficiency in females of two feral populations of Macrolophus pygmaeus, a biocontrol agent of Tuta absoluta
Authors: Borges Isabel , Oliveira Luísa , Barbosa Francisco , Figueiredo Elisabete , Franco José Carlos , Durão Ana C. , Soares António Onofre 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMacrolophus pygmaeus(Rambur, 1839) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a polyphagous predator used in programs of biological control and integrated pest management as a natural enemy against small arthropod pests including whiteflies, thrips, spider mites and aphid. This mirid is also successfully mass reared under factitious prey for commercial purposes. In the present study we assessed and compared the prey consumption, weight gain and conversion efficiency in females of two populations ofM. pygmaeus, from mainland Portugal and the Azores, fed on single prey diets ofEphestia kuehniellaZeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs, orTuta absoluta(Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) eggs. We found that female’s prey consumption on eggs ofT. absolutawas higher than that ofE. kuehniella, presumably due to the comparative size/amount of biomass of the eggs. Translating prey consumption in biomass ingested, we only found a significant difference for consumption onE. kuehniellaeggs byM. pygmaeusfrom the Azores. Despite the smaller size of females from the Azores, they were able to consume more prey and ultimately reaching a similar body weight and conversion efficiency compared with females from mainland, independently of the prey provided. Our results are in line with a previous study, showing differences in the life-history traits ofM. pygmaeusfrom mainland Portugal and Azorean populations fed on alternative prey. From an applied perspective, our results are a contribution to the decision-making on the use of the most effective biocontrol agents for different prey and/or agroecosystem contexts.
The prognostic effect of tumor-associated macrophages in stage I-III colorectal cancer depends on T cell infiltration
Authors: Majid Umair , Bergsland Christian Holst , Sveen Anita , Bruun Jarle , Eilertsen Ina Andrassy , Bækkevold Espen S. , Nesbakken Arild , Yaqub Sheraz , Jahnsen Frode L. , Lothe Ragnhild A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with unfavorable patient prognosis in many cancer types. However, TAMs are a heterogeneous cell population and subsets have been shown to activate tumor-infiltrating T cells and confer a good patient prognosis. Data on the prognostic value of TAMs in colorectal cancer are conflicting. We investigated the prognostic effect of TAMs in relation to tumor-infiltrating T cells in colorectal cancers.

Methods
The TAM markers CD68 and CD163 were analyzed by multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis on tissue microarrays of 1720 primary colorectal cancers. TAM density in the tumor stroma was scored in relation to T cell density (stromal CD3+ and epithelial CD8+ cells) and analyzed in Cox proportional hazards models of 5-year relapse-free survival. Multivariable survival models included clinicopathological factors, MSI status and BRAFV600E mutation status.

Results
High TAM density was associated with a favorable 5-year relapse-free survival in a multivariable model of patients with stage I–III tumors (p = 0.004, hazard ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.90–0.98). However, the prognostic effect was dependent on tumoral T-cell density. High TAM density was associated with a good prognosis in patients who also had high T-cell levels in their tumors, while high TAM density was associated with poorer prognosis in patients with low T-cell levels (pinteraction = 0.0006). This prognostic heterogeneity was found for microsatellite stable tumors separately.

Conclusions
This study supported a phenotypic heterogeneity of TAMs in colorectal cancer, and showed that combined tumor immunophenotyping of multiple immune cell types improved the prediction of patient prognosis.
Libertellenone C attenuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation with the capacity of NLRP3 inhibition
Authors: Cao Jie , Li Lanqin , Zhang Runge , Shu Zhou , Zhang Yaxin , Sun Weiguang , Zhang Yonghui , Hu Zhengxi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are common chronic diseases arising from progressive damage to the nervous system. Here, in-house natural product database screening revealed that libertellenone C (LC) obtained from the fermentation products of Arthrinium arundinis separated from the gut of a centipede collected in our Tongji campus, showed a remarkable neuroprotective effect. Further investigation was conducted to clarify the specific mechanism. LC dose-dependently reversed glutamate-induced decreased viability, accumulated reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that the targets of LC were most likely directly related to oxidative stress and the regulation of inflammatory factor-associated signaling pathways. Further study demonstrated that LC attenuated nitrite, TNF-α, and IL-1β production and decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 cells. LC could directly inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation by decreasing the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1, and NF-κB p65. Our results provide a new understanding of how LC inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia, providing neuroprotection. These findings might guide the development of effective LC-based therapeutic strategies for NDs.
Applying Earth Observation Technologies to Economic Consequence Modeling: A Case Study of COVID-19 in Los Angeles County, California
Authors: Prager Fynnwin , Mendoza Marina T. , Huyck Charles K. , Rose Adam , Amyx Paul , Yetman Gregory , Tiampo Kristy F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEarth observation (EO) technologies, such as very high-resolution optical satellite data available from Maxar, can enhance economic consequence modeling of disasters by capturing the fine-grained and real-time behavioral responses of businesses and the public. We investigated this unique approach to economic consequence modeling to determine whether crowd-sourced interpretations of EO data can be used to illuminate key economic behavioral responses that could be used for computable general equilibrium modeling of supply chain repercussions and resilience effects. We applied our methodology to the COVID-19 pandemic experience in Los Angeles County, California as a case study. We also proposed a dynamic adjustment approach to account for the changing character of EO through longer-term disasters in the economic modeling context. We found that despite limitations, EO data can increase sectoral and temporal resolution, which leads to significant differences from other data sources in terms of direct and total impact results. The findings from this analytical approach have important implications for economic consequence modeling of disasters, as well as providing useful information to policymakers and emergency managers, whose goal is to reduce disaster costs and to improve economic resilience.
Invecchiamento ed esercizio fisico
Authors: Vitale Giovanni , Giugnini Bianca , Farina Sara , Persani Luca 
Published: February 2024

SommarioL’invecchiamento si associa a un progressivo cambiamento della composizione corporea. Ciò è dovuto, almeno in parte, al fisiologico declino funzionale di alcuni assi ormonali ed è, a sua volta, causa dell’insorgenza di alcune malattie endocrine, come l’osteoporosi, la sarcopenia, l’obesità e il diabete mellito di tipo 2. Questa rassegna descrive l’effetto dell’attività fisica nel promuovere un invecchiamento in buona salute, svolgendo un ruolo chiave nella prevenzione e nel trattamento di tali patologie.