bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of clinical performance of obturating materials in pulpectomies: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Khadilkar Ankeeta Satish , Kapur Aditi , Goyal Ashima , Gauba Krishan , Singh Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Chemomechanical debridement is insufficient to disinfect all bacteria from the root canals of primary teeth, and obturation of canals with an appropriate material thus acquires excellent importance and remains a critical step in the ultimate success of pulpectomy.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate Endoflas, Metapex, and a mixture of calcium hydroxide (CH) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as obturating materials (OMs) in primary mandibular second molars.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy-five mandibular second primary molars requiring pulpectomies were identified in children aged 4–8 years. They were randomly allocated to the three treatment groups according to the type of OM received using the block randomization technique. After the completion of chemomechanical debridement, the canals were filled with Endoflas, Metapex, and CH-ZnO mixture, respectively. The intergroup clinical and radiographic comparison was made based on Coll and Sadrian criteria to decipher their clinical performance at 1, 3, and 6 months.

Results:
No statistically significant differences between the groups were observed at any evaluation time interval (P > 0.05). At 6 months, the clinical success rates were 95.2% in Endoflas, 96% in Metapex, and 95.8% in the CH and ZnO mixture groups, respectively. The materials, however, behaved differently in different clinical situations.

Conclusion:
Based on the observations, all three OMs showed similar clinical success in maintaining tooth functioning, but their use can be restricted to indications. However, prospective studies with longer follow-ups with more stringent eligibility criteria are required to reach more definitive conclusions.
Comparison of two different caries risk assessment tools for infants and toddlers – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Devraj Indira Mysore , Shankaraguru Girish M. , Jairam Lalitha S. , Dhull Kanika Singh , Bhojraj Nandlal 
Published: April 2024

Context:
One of the essential components for successful caries management is caries risk assessment (CRA). Among CRA tools (CRATs) published in the literature: Caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA) 123 and American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) CRATs are specifically designed for infants and toddlers.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to compare readily available internationally accepted CRAT for infants and toddlers and check the usability of these tools in assigning caries risk among the Indian population.

Settings and Design:
The study was conducted at Baby Oral Health Promotion Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Tertiary Care Hospital using a cross-sectional study design.

Subjects and Methods:
Data were collected using CAMBRA 123 and AAPD CRATs from 379 children aged 0–6 years. The caries risk of the children was recorded with each CRAT and a comparison was made between the two tools used.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The percentage of agreement and Cohen’s kappa coefficient were used to know the agreement between the CAMBRA 123 and AAPD CRATs using the SPSS statistical tool. The significance level was set at 5% (α = 0.05).

Results:
For children aged <2 years, the study showed slight agreement between the CAMBRA 123 and AAPD, whereas, for children more than 2 years, there was a fair agreement between the two methods which was statistically significant. This indicates that the agreement between the two methods is still not perfectly established, and AAPD CRA assigns a higher risk category than CAMBRA 123.

Conclusions:
CAMBRA 123 is a promising user-friendly quantitative method for CRA in clinical practice. Since there is ambiguity in assessing the caries risk in children <2 years, there is a need to establish a CRAT that can be used exclusively for children below 2 years.
Associations between nonnutritive sucking habits, developing malocclusion, and various feeding practices in 3–6-year-old Indian urban children: A case–control study
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Jawdekar Ashwin 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Nutritive sucking and nonnutritive sucking (NNS) may affect the craniofacial development, differently.

Aim and Objectives:
We investigated associations between NNS habits (NNSHs), developing malocclusion, and various feeding practices in 3–6-year-old children.

Methodology:
A sample of 350 children 3–6-year-old from various preschools were selected for this case–control study (94 with NNSH and 256 without NNSH). NNSH (outcome) and feeding practices and developing malocclusions (exposures) were assessed using a structured study tool.

Results:
The prevalence of NNSH in 3–6-year-old children was 26.8%. The odds (95% [confidence interval (CI)]) of boys compared to girls having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4121–1.706) (P = 0.0290). The overall prevalence of developing malocclusion in 3–6-year-old children was 34.01% out of which open bite was most commonly reported with 12.57% followed by spacing 8.5%, increased overjet 6.8%, crowding 2.2%, posterior crossbite and rotation 1.4%, and overbite 1.14%. Breastfeeding was found to be the most commonly used mode of feeding reported by 53.42% of mothers. It was found that the odds (95% [CI]) of subjects having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4694–0.9460) (P < 0.0001) who were not breastfed as compared to those who were breastfed. Among developing malocclusions, increased overjet with P = 0.0019, open bite with P = 0.0416, and spacing with P = 0.0243 were found to be associated with feeding practices.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of NNSH and developing malocclusions (increased overjet, open bite, and spacing) was 26.8% and 34.01%, respectively. Breastfeeding played a protective role against developing NNSH.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of yes-associated protein molecule in the odontogenic epithelium of different histopathological variants of ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma
Authors: Pattnaik Bodhiswata , Mohanty Sweta , Das Surya Narayan , Rath Rachna , Bhatta Archana , Mishra Sourav 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Ameloblastoma is one of the major odontogenic neoplasms with an invasive and recurrence potential. Its tumourigenesis and proliferative capacity can be attributed to the activation or inactivation of certain molecular signalling pathways. Hippo signalling pathway is known to regulate diverse physiological processes related to mitosis and organ growth and is an emerging tumour suppressor pathway, the dysfunction of which is implicated in various diseases including cancers. Yes-associated protein1 (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are the downstream effectors in the Hippo cascade, which on nuclear activation leads to cellular proliferation in various tumours.

Aim:
The current study was undertaken to evaluate the expression of YAP in various histopathological variants of ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of histopathologically diagnosed cases of ameloblastoma, and 10 histopathologically diagnosed cases of unicystic ameloblastoma were obtained from the departmental archives to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of YAP both manually and by software analysis.

Results:
More than 90% of cases of conventional ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma elicited positive expression of YAP. No statistical difference was found among different histopathological variants of conventional ameloblastoma. Significant difference between the means of all four quantitative score groups was observed.

Conclusion:
In view of the modulating effect of YAP in tumourigenesis and its higher expression in ameloblastoma, further exploration of this molecule appears to be a promising area of research.
Comparative evaluation of arch form among the Nepalese population: A morphological study
Authors: Gupta Simran , Fernandes Rhea , Natarajan Srikant , Jose Nidhin P. , Giri Jamal , Dahal Samarika 
Published: April 2024

Aims:
The study aims to identify sexual dimorphic features in the arch patterns based on tooth arrangement patterns and the maxillary and mandibular arches using Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA).

Settings and Design:
A total of 96 Nepalese subjects, aged 18 to 25 were assessed using casts and photographs.

Materials and Methods:
Thirteen landmarks representing the most facial portions of the proximal contact areas on the maxillary and mandibular casts were digitised. Seventy-eight possible, Euclidean distances between the 13 landmarks were calculated using the Analysis ToolPak of Microsoft Excel®. The male-to-female ratios of the corresponding distances were computed and ratios were compared to evaluate the arch form for variation in the genders, among the Nepalese population.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Microsoft Excel Analysis ToolPak and SPSS 20.0 (IBM Chicago) were used to perform EDMA and an independent t-test to compare the significant differences between the two genders.

Results:
The maxillary arch’s largest ratio (1.008179001) was discovered near the location of the right and left lateral incisors, indicating that the anterior region may have experienced the greatest change. The posterior-molar region is where the smallest ratio was discovered, suggesting less variation. At the intercanine region, female arches were wider than male ones; however, at the interpremolar and intermolar sections, they were similar in width. Females’ maxillary arches were discovered to be bigger antero-posteriorly than those of males. The highest ratio (1.014336113) in the mandibular arch was discovered at the intermolar area, suggesting that males had a larger mandibular posterior arch morphology. At the intercanine area, the breadth of the arch form was greater in males and nearly the same in females at the interpremolar and intermolar regions. Female mandibular arch forms were also discovered to be longer than those of males from the anterior to the posterior.

Conclusions:
The male and female arches in the Nepalese population were inferred to be different in size and shape. With references to the landmarks demonstrating such a shift, the EDMA established objectively the presence of square arch forms in Nepali males and tapering arch forms in Nepalese females.
Prevalence and diagnostic significance of p16, p53 expression in lichen planus as a potential premalignant lesion in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sridharan Nivethitha , Nagalingam Sangeetha , Vidhya P. , Viswanathan P. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy with significant morbidity and mortality. Identifying potential premalignant lesions is crucial for early detection and effective management. Lichen planus (LP), a chronic inflammatory disorder has been associated with an increased risk of developing OSCC. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic importance of p16 and p53 expression in identifying LP as a potential premalignant lesion for OSCC.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on archived tissue samples from patients diagnosed with LP (n = 80) and OSCC (n = 60) between 2017 and 2022. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate p16 and p53 protein expression levels in both LP and OSCC tissues. Clinical data, including patient demographics and lesion characteristics, were collected and correlated with the immunohistochemical findings.

Results and Discussion:
The results revealed a significantly higher prevalence of p16 and p53 expression in LP tissues compared to normal oral mucosa (P < 0.001). Notably, p16 expression was observed in 70% of LP cases, while p53 was detected in 55% of LP cases. Furthermore, a significant association was established between p53 expression and the presence of dysplasia within LP lesions (P = 0.003). This indicates the potential of p53 as a predictive biomarker for malignant transformation in LP. The correlation between p16 and p53 expression levels in LP and OSCC tissues suggests a potential mechanistic link between LP and OSCC development.

Conclusion:
This study underscores the diagnostic importance of p16 and p53 expression as potential markers for identifying LP as a premalignant lesion in the context of OSCC. The elevated prevalence of these markers in LP tissues suggests a potential role in predicting malignant transformation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular pathways underlying OSCC development from LP and emphasize the need for regular monitoring and early intervention in patients diagnosed with LP. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and to explore the clinical utility of p16 and p53 as biomarkers for predicting OSCC risk in LP patients.
Comparative evaluation of salivary, serum and urinary 8-OHdG in gutka-associated oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Prajapati Rajesh K. , Joshi Jaya , Karthikeyan S , Inder Muzalda P. S. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Gutka chewing is the most common deleterious oral habit prevalent in the geographical distribution of the Indian subcontinent. Gutka leads to the production of numerous free radicals, which causes oxidative stress in regional oral tissues. Oxidative stress brings about the oxidation of guanine bases of DNA that generates 8-OHdG as its main byproduct. The presence of 8-OHdG can be evaluated not only in tissue but also in saliva, blood and urine. The availability of 8-OHdG in these samples is quite documented. In addition, a comparative assay of 8-ohdg DNA damage marker in multiple samples is yet to be done.

Material and Methodology:
A sample size of 60 was divided into two groups, i.e., gutka consumers without any lesion and gutka consumers with OSMF. Ten samples each of saliva, serum and urine were collected from these two groups and healthy controls. Samples were centrifuged at 1000 RPM at 2–8°C for 15–20 minutes. A volume of 1.5 ml resultant supernatant was pipetted out in labelled Eppendorf tubes and stored at -80°C. The ELISA test was performed to measure the concentration of 8-OHdG protein in different samples at 450 nm after adding stop solution in 96-well microplate.

Results:
8-OHdG concentration was found to be highest in saliva followed by urine and serum. 8-OHdG concentration in serum was significantly less than that in saliva and urine (P-value <0.05). Intergroup difference in concentration of 8-OHdG of urine, saliva and serum was significant (P-value <0.05). Post
hoc analysis revealed that concentration of 8-OHdG in saliva and urine was non-significantly different (P-value >0.05).

Conclusion:
Saliva appears to be the most appropriate sample type as compared to serum and urine for the evaluation of 8-OHdG in OSMF subjects.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of Glut1 in dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and ameloblastoma
Authors: Deepika K , Kumar N. Govind Raj , Kumar A. Sudarshan , Karri Roja Lakshmi 
Published: April 2024

Context:
Glucose uptake may be considered the rate-limiting step for the growth and metabolism of the cancer cell. Studies on GLUT1 have shown that GLUT1 is involved in cell survival and proliferation in both healthy and pathological circumstances. GLUT1 expression is regarded as one of the crucial elements in the development of local aggressiveness, tumour invasiveness, and metastasis, particularly in malignant tumours. The role of glut1 in odontogenic cysts and tumours has remained uncertain.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to assess the expression of Glut1 in dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and ameloblastoma.

Settings and Design:
The study was conducted in GSL Dental College. The study design was a resprospective immunohistochemical study.

Methods and Material:
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of histologically confirmed cases (n = 50), 10 cases of odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, ameloblastomas solid, ameloblastomas unicystic, and dental follicles each. Brown colour staining was considered as positive staining for GLUT1. Quantitative analysis was performed by counting the number of labelled cells, and semi-quantitative analysis was conducted by assigning immunostaining intensity scores.

Statistical Analysis:
Chi-square test was used to compare differences between the groups. A P value of ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:
Odontogenic keratocysts and unicystic ameloblastoma showed ≥50% of label cells with strong intensity of staining. Odontogenic keratocysts and solid ameloblastoma showed sub-cellular localisation of staining in the cytoplasm and membrane. Dentigerous cysts exhibited combined nucleus, cytoplasm, and membrane sub-cellular localisation of staining.

Conclusions:
The development of ameloblastomas, odontogenic keratocysts, and dentigerous cysts appears to be influenced by GLUT-1. Variation in its expression may aid in explanation of some of the differences in biological activity of these lesions.
Psychological stress and quality of life among infertile women: A mixed methodology study at a tertiary health center
Authors: Yerra Aruna Kumari , Emmadisetty Swathi , Jogi Suneeth , Yella Siva Anoop , Animalla Venkatesham 
Published: April 2024

Background:
A strong correlation exists between infertility, psychological stress, and quality of life (QoL) among women, and hence, emphasis must be made on improving the psychological context and incorporating psychological counseling as a part of infertility evaluation and management. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Modified FertiQoL tools are used to measure the stress perceived by an individual and to assess the impact of fertility problems on the QoL of women, respectively.

Objectives:
The objective was to assess the psychological stress and QoL among the infertile women using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Modified FertiQoL (Core) instruments, respectively, to find the correlation between psychological stress and QoL among the study participants and to find the experiences of women who received prior infertility treatment.

Materials and Methods:
A mixed methodology study was conducted by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radiodiagnosis and Psychiatry on infertile women attending ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, between December 2020 and August 2021. A total of 274 participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the quantitative study and 10 participants for the qualitative study. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation), comparisons (Student’s t-test), and correlations (Pearson: r-value) were used for quantitative data analysis and thematic content analysis for the qualitative data.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 29.17 years (range 22–39 years) with a mean duration of infertility of 6.17 years. The results showed that the mean Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) score among the participants was higher (21.07 ± 4.350) with the low mean Core FertiQoL scores (49.20 ± 7.232). It was also found that there was a significant negative correlation between PSS and total Core FertiQoL scores. The study showed a significant negative correlation between the PSS scores and total FertiQoL, emotional, and mind–body subscales (P < 0.01 significant). It was found that there was a significant negative correlation between PSS scores and subscales of total FertiQoL, in women aged >30 years and those with a duration of infertility of >5 years. Content analysis of in-depth interviews with the women treated for infertility revealed the difficulties the women faced while seeking treatment.

Conclusion:
The study showed that infertility-related stress was affecting the QoL of women. Based on the recommendations, a holistic approach to the management of infertile women was made, and counseling sessions, yoga, and meditation were started for infertile women.
Isochronous centers and flat Finsler metrics (I)
Authors: Mu Xinhe , Miao Hui , Huang Libing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The local structure of rotationally symmetric Finsler surfaces with vanishing flag curvature is completely determined in this paper. A geometric method for constructing such surfaces is introduced. The construction begins with a planar vector field X that depends on two functions of one variable. It is shown that the flow of X could be used to generate a generalized Finsler surface with zero flag curvature. Moreover, this generalized structure reduces to a regular Finsler metric if and only if X has an isochronous center. By relating X to a Liénard system, we obtain the isochronicity condition and discover numerous new examples of complete flat Finsler surfaces, depending on an odd function and an even function.
Largest exact structures and almost split sequences on hearts of twin cotorsion pairs
Authors: Liu Yu , Yang Wuzhong , Zhou Panyue 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hearts of cotorsion pairs on extriangulated categories are abelian categories. On the other hand, hearts of twin cotorsion pairs are not always abelian. They were shown to be semi-abelian by Liu and Nakaoka. Moreover, Hassoun and Shah proved that they are quasi-abelian under certain conditions. In this article, we first show that the heart of any twin cotorsion pair has a largest exact category structure and is always quasi-abelian. We also provide a sufficient and necessary condition for the heart of a twin cotorsion pair being abelian. Then by using the results we have got, we investigate the almost split sequences in the hearts of twin cotorsion pairs. Finally, as an application, we show that a Krull–Schmidt, Hom-finite triangulated category has a Serre functor whenever it has a cluster tilting object.
The Effect of 12 Weeks of Rebound Therapy Exercise Training on Walking Ability of Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Authors: Sadeghi Morteza , Ghasemi Gholam Ali , Karimi Mohammad Taghi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Walking ability is a crucial factor for recovery and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of rebound therapy on walking parameters in SCI patients.

Methods:
Thirty members of Isfahan Spinal Cord Injury Association participated in this experimental study using a convenience sampling method. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Isfahan (IR.UI.REC.1400.118). The participants were randomly assigned to control and rebound groups using a matched randomization method. Data were collected before and after 12 weeks of rebound therapy exercise (three sessions per week) in the walking laboratory, using a seven-camera 3D motion capturing system (Qualisys motion analysis). The final data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS software (significance level p &lt; .05).

Results:
Rebound therapy training significantly improved all dependent variables (p &lt; .05) except hip rotation, indicating its effectiveness for enhancing walking ability.

Conclusion:
Given the importance of walking function, we recommend the use of rebound therapy training as an exercise rehabilitation method for spinal cord injury patients.