bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It's a Boy Thing: The Role of the Internet in Young People's Psychological Wellbeing
Authors: Donchi Lauren , Moore Susan 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between psychological wellbeing and Internet use among adolescents, focussing not only on time spent on the Internet, but also on the relative strength/importance of both face-to-face and Internet friendship networks. A sample of 336 young people aged between 15 and 21 years from a secondary school and a university population were surveyed. Results indicated that females with more online friends were higher on selfesteem and lower on loneliness than females with fewer online friends, but the opposite was true for males. A higher number of online regular friendships seemed to militate against self-esteem and was related to greater loneliness for males. For face-to-face friendships, the effects on wellbeing were in the same direction for males and females, but stronger for males. Those with more face-to-face friendships were higher on self-esteem and less lonely. In addition, young men who rated their online friendship networks as very important were more likely to have lower self-esteem and to be lonely. Actual time spent on the Internet was not a predictor of wellbeing for either sex when online and offline friendship factors were included in the regression equation.
Internet Use, Identity Development and Social Anxiety Among Young Adults
Authors: Mazalin Dennis , Moore Susan 
Published: October 2005

AbstractContradictory evidence exists regarding the benefit of the Internet for social and personal wellbeing, with some studies indicating deleterious effects and others possible social enrichment. The potential for increased social isolation from ‘overinvolvement’ in online activities or, conversely, the Internet's possibilities for enhancing social relationships, may be particularly salient during young adulthood and adolescence because of the special importance of the peer group during this developmental phase. This study was an investigation of the relationships between the levels of identity development, Internet use and social anxiety among a sample of 161 older adolescents/young adults aged between 18 and 25. Results indicated that, for males only, higher levels of social anxiety and less mature identity statuses were associated with more frequent Internet use, specifically time spent in chatrooms, online browsing for personal use, and games. For females (who were in this sample less socially anxious, more identity-developed, and lower users of the Internet than males), social anxiety and identity status were not significantly associated with time spent online. Discussion centred around the potential roles of Internet use in reinforcing already-existing social anxiety or, alternatively, in supporting and maintaining social contacts in those with lower levels of social deficit.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Children and Adults with Asperger's Syndrome
Authors: Attwood Tony 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAsperger's syndrome is a relatively newly diagnosed developmental disorder within the autistic spectrum. Children and adults with Asperger's syndrome have an intellectual ability within the normal range but due to their unusual profile of cognitive, social and emotional abilities are vulnerable to the development of a secondary mood disorder. This paper provides an explanation of the abilities associated with Asperger's syndrome, and modifications to cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for this very unusual client group. In particular, the paper emphasises the importance of affective education for this clinical population and describes a new strategy used in cognitive restructuring, namely, the emotional toolbox. The paper concludes with a brief description of a current evaluation study of the effectiveness of CBT to treat anxiety and anger in children who have Asperger's syndrome. However, the strategies described in this paper can also be used with adults with Asperger's syndrome and applied to other clinical populations.
Etiology of Social Anxiety Disorder in Children and Youth
Authors: Elizabeth Joan , King Neville , Ollendick Thomas H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSocial Anxiety Disorder is a heterogeneous and distressing problem for many children and youth. Unravelling its multiple causes is essential for a full understanding of the condition. This selective review focuses on the etiology and maintenance of SAD, and examines research findings in several key areas of investigation: genetic or hereditary factors (twin and family studies), temperament characteristics (behavioural inhibition), and parent-child interactions (attachment, parenting styles). We conclude that genetic influences, behavioural inhibition and parent-child interactions play significant and interactive roles in the development and maintenance of social anxiety disorder. Other influences are also acknowledged, such as peer relationships, social skills deficits and traumatic experience. Ultimately, an understanding of such pathways should facilitate effective early screening and intervention of children at risk for severe social anxiety.
Treatment of Stuttering in Preschool Children
Authors: Onslow Mark 
Published: October 2005

AbstractStuttering is a speech motor disorder that begins in the first years of life and if not treated effectively can have catastrophic effects on the individual. This article briefly describes the disorder, and overviews treatment of stuttering in preschool children. Such treatment is considered far preferable to treatment in adolescence and adulthood. Evidence of the effectiveness of early stuttering treatment from clinical trials is overviewed, along with clinical benchmarks for such treatment. Epidemiological data showing considerable natural recovery are reviewed, and the implications of those data for the timing of early stuttering intervention are considered.
Prevalence and Prediction of Disorders in Early Childhood: A Community Study
Authors: Roth Janet H. , Dadds Mark R. , McAloon John , Guastella Adam , Weems Carl F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis article examines the prevalence and prediction of internalising and externalising disorders from temperament and parenting in children aged 4 to 6 years (N = 491). Children were assessed via parent and teacher reports over 14 months and clinical interviews with parents were included at follow-up, along with parent and teacher reports of behavioural and emotional difficulties. Prevalence rates for internalising disorders (8.7%) were higher than for externalising disorders (5.8%), and internalising rates were similar to that found for older children in the same city. Accuracy of prediction of disorders, as well as overall behavioural and emotional difficulties, was low to moderate, and externalising problems were better predicted than internalising problems. The results highlight that while psychological disorders can be predicted from measures of temperament in infancy, the accuracy is too low to recommend these children receive selective prevention and treatment programs.
Training in Emotion Regulation as a Treatment for Binge Eating: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Clyne Courtney , Blampied Neville M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBinge eating within Binge Eating Disorder (BED) may represent ineffective management of, and inappropriate escape from, strong, dysphoric emotions, but treatments have been slow to incorporate an emotion regulation focus. Eleven women meeting criteria for BED participated in 11 sessions (2 hours per week) of a psychoeducational group program providing training in emotion recognition and management, problem-solving, assertion training, relaxation and stress management. Outcome was evaluated using a multiple-baseline design replicated across groups. Binges were self-monitored daily, and self-report questionnaires assessed wellbeing and emotion regulation at pretreatment, posttreatment and follow-up. Cognitive changes from pre to posttreatment were evaluated by Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations. The program was effective in reducing binge eating, alexithymia, stress and depression, and it improved coping and positive cognitions. No participant met criteria for BED at follow-up. The findings provide support for the inclusion of training in emotion recognition and regulation in treatments for BED and for affect regulation models of binge eating.
Adult Recall of Having Been Bullied in Attenders of an Anxiety Disorder Unit and Attenders of a Dental Clinic: A Pilot Controlled Study
Authors: Giora Asher , Gega Lina , Landau Sabine , Marks Isaac 
Published: October 2005

AbstractLittle is known about the prevalence of having been bullied in adults with versus adults without an anxiety disorder, so a pilot comparison was undertaken. A questionnaire on recall of having been bullied was completed by 81 attenders of a behavioural psychotherapy unit for anxiety disorders and by 81 attenders of a dental clinic who had no psychiatric problems but who were similar to the anxiety disorder group in gender, marital and employment characteristics. Recall of being bullied was significantly more common in the anxiety disorder referrals than in the dental patients. Results warrant testing of whether being bullied as a child increases the likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder in later life, controlling for demographic, personality and ethnic variables.
Cognitive Rehabilitation Revisited
Authors: Mateer Catherine A. , Sohlberg McKay Moore 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMany controversies remain with respect to how best to work with individuals who are challenged by cognitive impairments. Yet in the last decade, there has been substantial new research and a proliferation of literature, which has served to clarify major principles underlying cognitive interventions, and specified training procedures and teaching techniques that have demonstrated some effectiveness. Increasingly, it is possible to identify what techniques are likely to work for a particular individual, based on a number of variables including their cognitive profile, level of insight, and capacity for self-regulation. Education, the development of compensatory behaviours, the use of specialised instructional techniques and the inclusion of activities to improve self awareness and self-efficacy are but a few of the important components of most efforts at rehabilitation for cognitive impairments. Cognitive rehabilitation must be creative, eclectic, functionally oriented, and based in a partnership between clients, families/caregivers, and professionals.
Adapting Neuropsychological Assessments for Minority Groups: A Study Comparing White and Maori New Zealanders
Authors: Ogden Jenni A. , Cooper Erana , Dudley Margaret 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCulturally-appropriate neuropsychological assessment is important if we wish to gather valid information about the abilities of individuals from minority cultural groups. This study compares 20 Maori and 20 white New Zealanders (16–30 years) from a low socioeconomic group on a range of neuropsychological tests, some adapted in an attempt to increase their appropriateness for Maori. Results generally support the hypotheses that Maori score more poorly on tests that rely heavily on formal western education and concepts, and score as well as or better than the white New Zealanders on tests that rely on concepts valued by Maori (e.g., visuospatial abilities), or have some Maori content. The test adaptations in this study might provide ideas for test adaptation for other cultural groups.
Effect of Cognitive Demand on Prospective Memory in Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Maujean Annick , Shum David , McQueen Rachel 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of cognitive demand on prospective-memory in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using a dual-task paradigm. Fourteen individuals with severe TBI and 14 matched controls were required to undertake two tasks. A lexical-decision task was used as an ongoing task and had two levels of cognitive demand (viz., low and high). The event-based prospective-memory task involved performing a specific action whenever a target stimulus appeared during the ongoing task. The Letter-Number Sequencing Test, the Tower of London and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test were also administered to assess the relationship between prefrontal lobe functions and prospective memory. As hypothesised, participants in the TBI group performed more poorly than participants in the control group on the prospective-memory task in the high but not in the low demand condition. There were significant correlations between prospective-memory task performance and scores on the Letter-Number Sequencing Test and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test. These findings help to clarify the nature of prospective-memory impairment in individuals with TBI and support the involvement of prefrontal processes in prospective remembering.
A Preliminary Exploration of Goal-setting in Community-based Rehabilitation for People with Brain Impairment
Authors: Kuipers Pim , Carlson Glenys , Bailey Sandra , Sharma Anshu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCommunity-based rehabilitation for people with acquired brain injury (ABI) is largely driven by goals set in the course of rehabilitation by clients and service providers. A preliminary study investigating the perspectives and practice of experienced rehabilitation coordinators was undertaken to explore issues that influence goal-setting in community rehabilitation settings. Detailed interviews and subsequent rounds of clarification were conducted with six experienced rehabilitation coordinators. Key themes identified through inductive analysis include cognitive influences, other client influences, service provider influences and the client-service provider relationship in the goal-setting process. Based on the findings, a preliminary descriptive schema of goal-setting in a community-based rehabilitation service for people with acquired brain injury is suggested. Factors such as training, experience, and values of the rehabilitation coordinators are also discussed in terms of their influence on goal-setting. Some strategies to assist a person with ABI to identify and work towards achieving realistic goals are identified. Suggestions for enhancing community-based rehabilitation practices with people with ABI, and scope for future research are noted. This paper constitutes a general overview of goal-setting in community-based ABI rehabilitation.
Managing Challenging Behaviours: Getting Interventions to Work in Nonspecialised Community Settings
Authors: Todd Jenny , Loewy Jan , Kelly Glenn , Simpson Grahame 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe ABI Behaviour Consultancy (the Consultancy) is a community-based service specialising in the management of challenging behaviour following acquired brain injury (ABI). Although there are many accounts in the literature of behaviour management techniques, very few describe how to tailor and implement programs to work in nonspecialised community settings where a client's environment has little structure and few resources. The Consultancy is often called upon to manage situations where existing behaviour interventions have not been successful, often because of incorrect assumptions about the client with ABI or because of unrealistic expectations of the setting. The Consultancy has developed a six-stage framework for the management of challenging behaviours that includes site visit, crisis management, engagement, intervention, education, and ongoing review. Case examples are used to illustrate each of these stages.
Perceptions of Long-term Community-based Support Following Severe Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Ownsworth Tamara , Turpin Merrill , Carlson Glenys , Brennan Julie-Anne 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMany individuals require long-term community-based support following acquired brain injury (ABI). However, very few studies have examined individuals' perceptions of these support needs. The present exploratory study examined individuals' perceptions of community-based support following severe ABI. Participants included eight individuals (aged 20–48 years) with severe ABI, seven relatives and three case managers. The individuals were receiving long-term specialised lifestyle support ranging from 3–70 hours per week. A structured interview with open and closed questions was developed to explore perceptions of individuals' support needs across the areas of personal and home-based activities, community-based activities, self-organisation and vocational activities and social and psychological well-being. The questions investigated whether support was needed, the importance of support, the sources of support, the effectiveness of support and the need for change. A comparison of the three respondent groups' perceptions of support indicated a general consensus that community-based activities were the most important and most effective area of support. When the issues raised by the three respondent groups were compared and contrasted two main themes emerged from the data, which were labelled “relationships” and “individual choice versus support needs”. These themes are discussed in relation to the provision of long-term community-based support services following ABI.
Post-acute Rehabilitation for People With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Model Description and Evaluation of the Liverpool Hospital Transitional Living Program
Authors: Simpson Grahame , Secheny Tanya , Lane-Brown Amanda , Strettles Barbara , Ferry Kim , Phillips Jane 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTransitional Living Programs (TLPs) have been a standard component of traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation services for over two decades. The twofold aim of this study was to describe a TLP service model, and to examine the efficacy of standardised TBI-specific outcome scales for TLPs. A consecutive series of 50 residents admitted to the TLP over an 18-month period were administered a number of outcome measures at both admission and discharge. Mean duration of PTA for the sample was 60 days and average length of stay was 7 weeks. Measures included the Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale (SPRS), the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI), the Brain Injury Community Rehabilitation Outcome (BICRO) scales and the Assessment of Living Skills and Resources Scale (ALSAR). Results showed significant improvements in the global scores for the SPRS, MPAI and ALSAR from admission to discharge. In contrast, a number of the BICRO scales exhibited floor or ceiling effects. Correlational analysis found moderate to strong associations between the SPRS, MPAI and ALSAR across a number of functional domains. Results to date show promise in identifying measures that are able to detect change over the course of a TLP admission. The findings lay the foundation for ongoing research into the effectiveness of such programs.
The Impact of Age and Task Domain on Cognitive Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Glucose Facilitation Effect
Authors: Riby Leigh M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractConsiderable research has been devoted to the issue of whether the ingestion of glucose enhances cognitive performance in both younger and older adults. However, it has proven difficult to draw firm conclusions from this literature due to the diversity of methodologies that have been used, and it is therefore still unclear what factors might moderate the facilitative effect. The present study investigates methodological variations and their impact on the magnitude of the glucose enhancement effect. In particular, age group (young vs. old) and task domain (memory vs. nonmemory tasks) were considered as moderator variables. In addition, differences in experimental design, glucose dose and fasting regime were examined. The effect sizedwas extracted from studies comparing cognitive performance after the ingestion of either a glucose or control solution. Subsequent meta-analyses were conducted (using the procedures outlined by Hedges & Olkin, 1985) to examine potential moderators. A moderate overall effect size was found (d= 0.56), which clearly demonstrated the value of glucose ingestion as a cognitive enhancer. However, this effect size was not representative of the 104 individual effect sizes reported. Secondary analyses found larger effect sizes for memory compared to nonmemory tasks. Unexpectedly, no evidence was provided for greater beneficial effects of glucose on cognitive performance for older compared to younger adults. The impact of other methodological variables and the need for further exploration in an elderly population are discussed.
Domain-Specific Anosognosia in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia
Authors: Tamietto Marco , Corazzini Luca Latini , Castelli Lorys , Geminiani Giuliano 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe present study investigated the relationship between anosognosia for cognitive, functional and psychopathological disorders in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). Ten patients with probable Alzheimer's disease and 10 patients with probable vascular dementia were matched for age, education, illness duration and dementia severity. Cognitive, functional and psychopathological characteristics of the patients were assessed by means of different self-rating scales. The same questionnaires were submitted to patients' caregivers, blind to the patients' answers. Anosognosia was defined as the positively signed difference between patients' and caregivers' ratings. Three anosognosia indices for each domain investigated were obtained. We found lack of insight to be a common and consistent feature of AD and VD. However, unawareness for cognitive and functional domains was more severe in AD than in VD. Furthermore, in AD patients anosognosia for cognitive, functional and psychopathological domains dissociated from one another, as shown by lack of significant correlations between the three indices. Conversely, in VD patients these three anosognosic domains were closely related, indicating a generalised unawareness. These findings suggest that heterogeneity of anosognosic deficits may help differentiate AD from VD.
Personal Experiences of Families of Children With a Traumatic Brain Injury in the Transition From Hospital to Home
Authors: Robson Tamara , Ziviani Jenny , Spina Sylvana 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor the families of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) the transition from hospital to home, school and community can be a very stressful time for everyone involved. The present phenomenological study explored the experiences and perceptions of parents of children with TBI during this important transition time with the aim to better inform health-workers involved in discharge management and rehabilitation. Six family representatives were interviewed, with the format of interviews being semistructured. An interview guide was used that outlined key issues to be explored with each participant. The primary analytical approach was inductive and thematic content analysis was used. The themes which emerged related to the emotional journey experienced by the family, the impact of significant relationships in the process of adjustment, along with service provision and coping strategies. These themes are highlighted with respect to how they can influence intervention strategies. Implications for service referral and the communication style of health professionals are also addressed.