bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in pool size in response to a reduction in discharge: a flume experiment
Authors: Thompson Douglas M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractManagement of river systems can create a reduction in flow with associated potential impacts on channel morphology. A total of 30 flume runs were conducted with two different sediment sizes to determine the effect of a reduction in flow on pool size and depth in confined channels. The experiments were conducted in a 6 m long, 0.5 m wide recirculating flume. Pools were scoured adjacent to a triangular‐shaped obstruction to flow from an initially flat bed. After 3 h of high flow, bed topography was measured and the flow was changed to a level of 50, 67, 80, 85 or 100% of the original flow. Changes in bed topography were then measured after 3 h under the modified flow regime. Results indicate that a reduction in flow creates smaller volume pools. With well sorted, fine‐sand substrate, changes in pool volume, volume of deep habitat and depth were significant for both 50 and 80% reductions in flow level. However, development of an armor level in experiments with poorly sorted, very coarse sand limited sedimentation at lower flows. Consequently, no changes in pool size were statistically significant with this sediment. The results suggest that data on the dimensions of pools are needed prior to any flow modifications in order to detect degradation of the physical pool habitat. Monitoring programs initiated after flow regulation may only identify changes in a limited number of cases where sediments are mobile at low flows and the reduction in flow level is severe. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On smoothed analysis in dense graphs and formulas
Authors: Krivelevich Michael , Sudakov Benny , Tetali Prasad 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe study a model of random graphs, where a random instance is obtained by adding random edges to a large graph of a given density. The research on this model has been started by Bohman and colleagues (Random Struct Algor22 (2003), 33‐42; Random Struct Algor24 (2004), 105‐117). Here we obtain a sharp threshold for the appearance of a fixed subgraph and for certain Ramsey properties. We also consider a related model of randomk‐SAT formulas, where an instance is obtained by adding randomk‐clauses to a fixed formula with a given number of clauses, and derive tight bounds for the non‐satisfiability of the thus‐obtained random formula. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2006
An analysis of viewpoint dependency in three‐dimensional object recognition using support vector machines
Authors: Hayasaka Taichi , Nakauchi Shigeki , Usui Shiro 
Published: December 2005

AbstractConflicting results in terms of the recognition rate and response times of humans for 3‐dimensional object recognition have been obtained on the basis of experiments conducted under various conditions; while some results suggest that these variables vary depending on the viewpoint of an object (viewpoint dependency), others suggest there is no such variation (viewpoint invariance). In this research we have analyzed the issue of viewpoint dependency in object recognition results using support vector machines, a type of machine learning algorithm, based on the belief that 3‐dimensional objects are represented in the brain by sets of 2‐dimensional data consisting of images of the object from a range of viewpoints. From this perspective it is suggested that the information contained in images of a 3‐dimensional object from a range of viewpoints plays a significant role that ties together apparently conflicting results seen in psychophysical experiments regarding the issue of viewpoint dependency or invariance. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(1): 105–115, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10265
Adjustment of sampling locations in rail‐geometry datasets: Using dynamic programming and nonlinear filtering
Authors: Kamiyama Masako , Higuchi Tomoyuki 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA track inspection car, which measures the shape of railway tracks (hereafter, rail geometry) while it is running on rails, discretizes the measurement results at nearly fixed spatial intervals. However, the distance between the discretized locations (spatial sampling intervals) may shorten or lengthen locally due to slipping or sliding of the car wheel, and this prevents the sampling locations from aligning with those of a dataset obtained with another measuring run. The authors developed an algorithm for approximately aligning the sampling locations of the measurement datasets obtained with different runs. First, they considered this problem as the selection of the series of data corresponding to each supervised data from a training dataset, which was constructed by interpolation in order to minimize the evaluation function of a number sequence representing data points. Next, they used the maximum likelihood method to identify the unknown parameters contained in the evaluation function. This problem uses two features of the evaluation function. The first is that the evaluation function is minimized by dynamic programming, and the obtained optimum sequence is equivalent to a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate in the Bayesian framework. The second is that by converting the evaluation function to a general state space representation, the log likelihood of the model that includes the parameters is obtained by a nonlinear filtering method. Also, to simplify the search for the identification, they devised a parameter search procedure for the parameters in the autoregressive (AR) model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(1): 61–70, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20313
A survey of medical applications of 3D image analysis and computer graphics
Authors: Muraki Shigeru , Kita Yasuyo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper is a survey of visualization and analysis techniques for medical 3D images for researchers and students in computer science. Publications from this decade with internationally high evaluation are reviewed, focusing on medical applications of new mathematical techniques and computer hardware, mostly from the viewpoint of the authors' specialty, namely, volume graphics and computer vision. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(1): 13–46, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20393
Focus measurement and all in‐focus image synthesis for light‐field rendering
Authors: Takahashi Keita , Kubota Akira , Naemura Takeshi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLight field rendering is a fundamental method of image‐based rendering that synthesizes free‐viewpoint images from a set of multiviewpoint images. It is known that this method causes focus‐like effects on synthesized images. A problem is that the range of the “focused” depth is too limited in most practical cases. In this paper, we propose a new measure for stably evaluating the “focus” on synthesized images by light‐field rendering. We also describe a method of synthesizing an all in‐focus image that is clear and sharp throughout the entire scene: First, we synthesize multiple images with different “focused” depths, and then integrate the in‐focus parts of those images that can be detected with the “focus measure” we propose. We conducted experiments to demonstrate that our method effectively enhances the quality of the final synthetic images. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(1): 1–12, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20512
On the application of the von Mises distribution and angular regression methods to investigate the seasonality of disease onset
Authors: Gao Fei , Chia Kee‐Seng , Krantz Ingela , Nordin Per , Machin David 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper describes an approach to summarize the data arising from studies investigating the pattern of disease onset within a calendar year. Such data have been traditionally summarized into monthly counts summated over the complete years studied and patterns often examined by use of Pearson's χ2 tests with 11 degrees of freedom. This test and others commonly used in practice are reviewed. As an alternative, we suggest that by first representing the date of onset for an individual as a point on a unit circle that the von Mises distribution with a single peak may provide a useful description of such data. Further an extension to angular regression including covariates, analogous to that used routinely in other areas of clinical research, potentially allows a more systematic and detailed investigation of possible seasonal patterns in patient subgroups. The methodology is applied to examples from the date of onset of primary angle‐closure glaucoma and date of diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and examines in both situations how the peak onset varies with covariates. Difficulties associated with convergence to the maximum likelihood estimates of the associated parameters are described. Finally, we emphasize the need for individualized (rather than grouped) patient data to be available for study, a clear specification of the particular ‘onset’ time studied, and suggest that further case studies are required to evaluate the approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The sigmoidally transformed cosine curve: a mathematical model for circadian rhythms with symmetric non‐sinusoidal shapes
Authors: Marler Matthew R. , Gehrman Philip , Martin Jennifer L. , Ancoli‐Israel Sonia 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe introduce a family of non‐linear transformations of the traditional cosine curve used in the modelling of biological rhythms. The non‐linear transformation is the sigmoidal family, represented here by three family members: the Hill function, the anti‐logistic function, and the arctangent function. These transforms add two additional parameters that must be estimated, in addition to the acrophase, MESOR, and amplitude (and period in some applications), but the estimated curves have shapes requiring many more than two additional harmonics to achieve the same fit when modelled by harmonic regression. Particular values of the additional parameters can yield rectangular waves, narrow pulses, wide pulses, and for rectangular waves (representing alternating ‘on’ and ‘off’ states) the times of onset and offset (hence duration, as when modelling the duration of the large night‐time melatonin secretory epoch). We illustrate the sigmoidally transformed cosine curves, and compare them to harmonic regression modelling, in a sample of eight activity recordings made on patients in a nursing home. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The behavior of SATB1, a MAR‐binding protein, in response to apoptosis stimulation
Authors: Sun Yujie , Wang Ting , Su Yongqian , Yin Yongmei , Xu Shan , Ma Changyan , Han Xiao 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAs a MAR‐binding protein, SATB1 regulates genes by folding chromatin into a loop domain. Apoptosis is known to be accompanied by a collapse of nuclear architecture and cleavage of condensing chromatin into oligonucleosomal fragments. To further understand the functional role of MAR‐binding proteins during apoptosis we investigated the relationship of the behavior of SATB1 and the collapse of nuclear architecture in Jurkat cells with immunostaining and Western blot analysis. We demonstrated that SATB1 formed special three‐dimensional network distributions during early apoptosis. The distribution change of SATB1 was associated with cleavage of the protein and accompanied by the nuclear architecture collapse. Cleavage of SATB1 was mediated by caspase‐3 and was apoptosis specific. Our observations further support the notion that early proteolysis of MAR‐binding proteins might represent a universal mechanism that renders these DNA sites vulnerable to endonucleolysis.
Cytotoxicity, haematotoxicity and genotoxicity of high molecular mass arborescent polyoxyethylene polymers with polyglycidol‐block‐containing shells
Authors: Klajnert Barbara , Walach Wojciech , Bryszewska Maria , Dworak Andrzej , Shcharbin Dzmitry 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have examined the impact on biological systems of some newly synthesised polyoxyethylene polymers using in vitro assays. Toxicity was tested by the 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazole‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, haemolysis was assessed, and an ethidium bromide (EB) assay was used to study interactions between the polymers and DNA. All the assay data showed that the polymers are biocompatible. No differences were found between generations (i.e. macromolecule sizes). The results encourage continuing studies on the clinical use of these molecules as drug carriers.
Improved Taxol production by combination of inducing factors in suspension cell culture of Taxus baccata
Authors: Khosroushahi A. Yari , Valizadeh M. , Ghasempour A. , Khosrowshahli M. , Naghdibadi H. , Dadpour M.R. , Omidi Y. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTo date enormous attempts have been devoted to improve Taxol production exploiting various methodologies from bioprocess engineering to biotechnological and synthetic approaches. We have developed a 2‐stage suspension cell culture of Taxus baccata L. using modified B5 medium in order to improve cell growth as well as productivity. After callus induction and cell line selection, B5 medium was supplemented with vanadyl sulfate (0.1 mg/l), silver nitrate (0.3 mg/l) and cobalt chloride (0.25 mg/l) at the first day of stage I culture to maximize cell growth. This medium was further supplemented with sucrose (1%) and ammonium citrate (50 mg/l) on day 10 and sucrose (1%) and phenylalanine (0.1 mM) on day 20 (i.e., biomass growth medium). At stage II (day 25), two different concentrations of several elicitors such as methyl jasmonate (10 or 20 mg/l), salicylic acid (50 or 100 mg/l) and fungal elicitor (25 or 50 mg/l) were added to the biomass growth medium with the aim of improving cellular productivity.For morphological analysis, microscopic inspection was carried out during cultivation. Cell‐associated and extracellular amount of Taxol were detected and measured using HPLC methodology. At stage I, overall Taxol amount of biomass growth medium was 13.75 mg/l (i.e., 5.6‐fold higher than that of untreated B5 control). At stage II, treated cells with methyl jasmonate (10 mg/l), salicylic acid (100 mg/l) and fungal elicitor (25 mg/l) produced the highest amount of Taxol (39.5 mg/l), which is 16‐fold higher than that of untreated B5 control (2.45 mg/l). Microscopic analyses of Taxus cells in suspension cultures showed various positional auto‐fluorescence showing direct correlation with Taxol production. Our studies revealed that intervallic supplementation of B5 medium with combination of biomass growth factors at stage I and mixture of elicitors at stage II could significantly increase Taxol production. Thus, we suggest that the exploitation of this methodology may improve the production of Taxol since demands for Taxol pharmaceuticals are increasingly growing and resource paucities have limited its direct harvesting from Taxus trees.
Overexpressed LEF‐1 proteins display different nuclear localization patterns of β‐catenin in normal versus tumor cells
Authors: Ki Hyunkyoung , Jung Ho‐Chul , Park Jae‐Hyo , Kim Jin‐Sook , Lee Kwang Youl , Kim Tae Sung , Kim Kwonseop 
Published: December 2005

Abstractβ‐Catenin not only plays a role in cadherin‐dependent cell adhesion, but also interacts with T‐cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor‐1 (LEF‐1) to affect gene expression. In this report, we describe the effects of exogenous LEF‐1 and of treatment with leptomycin B (LMB), a specific inhibitor of CRM1‐medicated nuclear export, on the nuclear localization and export of β‐catenin. Normal epithelial cells overexpressing LEF‐1 accumulate nuclear β‐catenin in a LEF‐1 concentration‐dependent manner. Nuclear β‐catenin, once imported from the cytoplasm, is rapidly removed from the nucleus. Treatment with LMB results in dramatic retention of nuclear β‐catenin in normal epithelial cells transfected with LEF‐1, and this effect is intensified by treatment of N‐Acetyl‐leucyl‐leucyl‐norleucinal together with LMB. Colon carcinoma cells containing an adenomatous polyposis coli mutation retain significant amounts of LEF‐1 induced nuclear β‐catenin considerably after the time‐point when β‐catenin disappears from the nuclei of LEF‐1 transfected normal epithelial cells. β‐Catenin binds directly to CRM1, and overexpression of CRM1 reduces nuclear β‐catenin‐mediated transactivation function.
The 2-year stability of neurological soft signs after a first episode of non-affective psychosis
Authors: Boks Marco P.M. , Selten Jean-Paul , Leask Stuart , Van den Bosch Robert J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe examined the 2-year stability of neurological soft signs (NSS) in 29 patients after a first episode of psychosis. The numbers of NSS at inclusion and at 2 years follow-up were similar, but there was a significant increase in the numbers of NSS in the sub-group of patients whose dosage of antipsychotic medication had increased over time.
Impact of cognitive-psychoeducational interventions in bipolar patients and their relatives
Authors: Bernhard Britta , Schaub Annette , Kümmler Petra , Dittmann Sandra , Severus Emanuel , Seemüller Florian , Born Christoph , Forsthoff Anna , Licht Rasmus W. , Grunze Heinz 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground.In recent years, several controlled studies could show that psychoeducational interventions have been effective for relapse prevention in bipolar disorders. We therefore established a cognitive-psychoeducational group intervention with 14 sessions providing information about the illness, early warning signs, cognitive and behavioural strategies for stress management and social rhythm. Additionally we offered a group intervention for the patients' relatives. The objective of this study was to describe the outcome associated with our psychoeducational intervention in bipolar patients and their relatives.Methods.Sixty-two bipolar patients attended 14 sessions (à 90 min) of cognitive-psychoeducational group therapy. Patients' knowledge of bipolar disorder and their satisfaction with the treatment were assessed using self-developed questionnaires before and after the group intervention. Additionally, 49 relatives of bipolar patients received two psychoeducational workshops of 4 hours each. We assessed demographic variables, burden, high expressed emotion and depressive symptoms of the relatives before and after the two workshops and at 1-year follow-up.Results.Patients significantly improved their knowledge of bipolar disorder. They also have benefited from the discussions and the exchange of useful coping strategies. Burden and high expressed emotions showed no significant reductions at post-assessment, however they were significantly reduced at 1-year follow-up. Relatives also felt significantly better informed about the illness.Conclusions.These findings show that psychoeducational interventions in bipolar patients and their relatives improve patients' and their relatives' knowledge of the illness and the burden of the disorder as well as high expressed emotions are reduced in relatives at 1-year follow-up.
Meta-analysis of drop-out rates in randomised clinical trials, comparing typical and atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Martin José Luis R. , Pérez Víctor , Sacristán Montse , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Martínez Cristóbal , Álvarez Enric 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo assess antipsychotic medication in the treatment of schizophrenia, based on trial drop-out rates.MethodsThe studies included were randomised controlled trials that compared any of the four clinically best-established atypical antipsychotics (quetiapine, olanzapine, risperidone or clozapine) against either of two typical antipsychotics regarded as the gold standard (haloperidol or chlorpromazine).ResultsMeta-analysis indicated less risk of all-cause patient withdrawal from atypical medication trials where dosage was flexible, in both the short, relative risk (RR) 0.70 (95% CI 0.64–0.76),P< 0.00001, and long term, RR 0.72 (0.65–0.80),P< 0.00001. Similar results were observed for withdrawal due to adverse events, RR: 0.54 (0.41–0.72),P< 0.0001. Nevertheless, the favourable effects of atypical medication disappeared in trials relying on fixed dosage.ConclusionsWe detected a significant positive effect in terms of the outcome of treatment discontinuation for atypical versus typical medication, though only where the use of flexible rather than fixed doses (closer to an experimental control situation) was possible.
Diet and size-selective feeding by escaped hatchery rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)
Authors: Rikardsen A.H. , Sandring S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractEscaped hatchery rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), at post-smolt (120–340 g) and adult stages (800–3400 g) adapted differently to natural marine prey after escaping from two fish farms in northern Norway. About 1 month after escape (July), more than 57% of the post-smolt fed actively on fish larvae, which contributed 63–75% of the diet by weight. Surface insects were consumed by more than half the post-smolts and represented 24–48% of the diet during the 3-month period of sampling (June–August). One month after escaping, forage ratios (weight stomach/weight fish × 100) exceeded 1, similar to ratios recorded for other wild anadromous salmonid species in the area. Post-smolt weight increased during the sampling period and the condition factor was stable. In contrast, the condition factor of escaped adult fish reduced significantly and the forage ratios were consistently low (0.05–0.77) during the 15 months of sampling (March–August) following their escapement. These fish fed primarily on a variety of different indigestible items (especially particles of seaweed and small pieces of wood) that contributed about 70% of the stomach content weight. They took fish larvae only in July. Although generally contributing little to their overall diet, marine prey of great variety was consumed by the adult fish. The results indicate that young domestic rainbow trout more easily adjust to natural feeding after escape than the older, larger fish, which often fed on indigestible items similar in shape to the commercial pellets to which they were accustomed.
Otolith chemistry: an aid to stock separation of Helicolenus dactylopterus (bluemouth) and Merluccius merluccius (European hake) in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean
Authors: Swan S.C. , Geffen A.J. , Morales-Nin B. , Gordon J.D.M. , Shimmield T. , Sawyer T. , Massutí E. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Helicolenus dactylopterus and Merluccius merluccius are widely distributed on the continental slopes of the Atlantic and Mediterranean and have quite different life histories. Both are commercially exploited, but little is known about their stock structure. Fish otolith composition is thought to reflect both endogenous processes and external factors, some of which relate to the surrounding environment, and therefore may be used as a tool for stock discrimination. The elemental composition of sagittal otoliths was examined using both solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry of the whole otolith and laser-ablation analysis of the otolith nucleus. The relative concentrations of strontium, barium, and copper in dissolved whole otoliths contributed to the discrimination between H. dactylopterus samples from different geographic areas. Surface analysis of the otolith nucleus did not allow separation of geographic groups. For M. merluccius, separate analyses of the whole otolith data for the Atlantic and Mediterranean samples gave a clear distinction of the different groups within each ocean basin. Analysis of the M. merluccius nucleus composition indicated some differences in elemental concentration among both Atlantic and Mediterranean samples. Magnesium and lead were important elements in separating the groups in the Atlantic, and barium, strontium, and lead were important in the Mediterranean.