bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a bladder tumor antigen test for the diagnosis of lower urinary tract malignancies in dogs
Authors: Billet Jean-Philippe H.G. , Moore Alasdair Hotston , Holt Peter E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of a human bladder tumor antigen test for diagnosis of lower urinary tract malignancies in dogs.Sample Population—Urine samples from dogs without urinary tract abnormalities (n = 18) and from dogs with lower urinary tract neoplasia (20) or nonmalignant urinary tract disease (16).Procedure—Test results were compared among groups and among 3 observers. The effects of urine pH and specific gravity, degree of hematuria, and storage temperature and time of urine samples on test results were also assessed.Results—Test sensitivity and specificity were 90 and 94.4%, respectively, for differentiating dogs with lower urinary tract neoplasia from dogs without abnormalities. However, specificity decreased to 35% for differentiating dogs with neoplasia from dogs with nonmalignant urinary tract disease. In dogs with neoplasia, results were significantly affected by degree of hematuria. However, addition of blood to urine from dogs without hematuria had no significant effect on test results. Although intraobserver variation was significant, urine pH, specific gravity, or storage time or temperature had no significant effect on results.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although this bladder tumor antigen test was sensitive for differentiating dogs with malignancies of the lower urinary tract from dogs without urinary tract disease, it was not specific for differentiating dogs with neoplasia from dogs with other lower urinary tract abnormalities. It cannot, therefore, be recommended as a definitive diagnostic aid for the detection of lower urinary tract malignancies in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:370–373)
Clinical and pathologic analyses of bicipital tenosynovitis in dogs
Authors: Gilley Robert S. , Wallace Larry J. , Hayden David W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the clinical and pathologic findings in dogs with primary bicipital tenosynovitis.Animals—19 dogs with 20 shoulder joints treated surgically for bicipital tenosynovitis and 8 shoulder joints from 4 clinically normal dogs.Procedure—Histologic abnormalities of tendon sheaths of the biceps brachii in affected dogs were determined by use of comparison with findings in clinically normal dogs. Specimens were graded for inflammation, fibrosis, villous hypertrophy, vascular prominence, and synovial cell proliferation. Histopathologic results were statistically evaluated for relationship with clinical findings and treatment before surgery.Results—Synovial villous hypertrophy and vascular prominence were the most consistent histologic findings in 16 and 14 of 20 affected joints, respectively. Evidence of inflammation was lacking in 6 joints. Ten joints had inflammatory cell infiltration of the tendon sheath. Plasma cells and lymphocytes were the most common infiltrates; however, the type and amount of inflammatory cell infiltrate were variable. Fibrosis of the tendon sheath was seen in 8 joints, and synovial cell proliferation was seen in 11 joints. Other changes included accumulation of hemosiderin, focal calcification, osseous metaplasia, lysis of collagen, and fibrocartilaginous metaplasia. No significant relationship was detected between histopathologic findings and clinical findings or treatment before surgery.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Inflammation was more variable than hypothesized and may not be a consistent pathophysiologic feature of bicipital tenosynovitis. In some dogs, this disease may be the result of a degenerative process rather than an inflammatory process. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:402–407)
Effects of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate on functions of mononuclear cells obtained from ewes
Authors: Lacetera Nicola , Franci Ombretta , Scalia Daniela , Bernabucci Umberto , Ronchi Bruno , Nardone Alessandro 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess the effects of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) on functions of mononuclear cells obtained from ewes.Animals—6 Sardinian ewes.Procedure—Mononuclear cells were cultured with concentrations of NEFA (0, 15.6, 31.2, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 µmol/L) and BHBA (0, 0.45, 0.9, 1.8, or 3.6 mmol/L). Concentrations of NEFA and BHBA were intended to mimic those of ketotic or healthy ewes, and NEFA and BHBA were tested alone and in combination. Synthesis of DNA was stimulated by use of concanavalin A (Con A) or pokeweed-mitogen (PWM). Secretion of IgM was stimulated by use of PWM.Results—Synthesis of DNA stimulated by Con A and PWM was significantly inhibited by high concentrations of NEFA (≥ 250 µmol/L) or by a combination of high concentrations of NEFA (≥ 250 µmol/L) and all concentrations of BHBA (≥ 0.45 mmol/L). In contrast, DNA synthesis was not inhibited by low concentrations of NEFA (≤ 125 µmol/L) or by a combination of low concentrations of NEFA (≤ 125 µmol/L) and the lowest concentration of BHBA (0.45 mmol/L). Secretion of IgM was significantly inhibited by all concentrations of NEFA and by all combinations of NEFA and BHBA concentrations. When used alone, none of the concentrations of BHBA inhibited DNA synthesis or IgM secretion.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Reduced immunoresponsiveness during ketosis is likely to be associated with an increase in plasma concentration of NEFA and not with an increase in plasma concentration of BHBA. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:414–418)
Plasma concentrations of endothelin-like immunoreactivity in healthy horses and horses with naturally acquired gastrointestinal tract disorders
Authors: Ramaswamy Chidambaram M. , Eades Susan C. , Venugopal Changaram S. , Hosgood Giselle L. , Garza Frank , Barker Steven A. , Moore Rustin M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare plasma endothelin (ET)- like immunoreactivity between healthy horses and those with naturally acquired gastrointestinal tract disorders.Animals—29 healthy horses and 142 horses with gastrointestinal tract disorders.Procedure—Blood samples were collected from healthy horses and from horses with gastrointestinal tract disorders prior to treatment. Magnitude and duration of abnormal clinical signs were recorded, and clinical variables were assessed via thorough physical examinations. Plasma concentrations of ET-like immunoreactivity were measured by use of a radioimmunoassay for human endothelin-1, and CBC and plasma biochemical analyses were performed.Results—Plasma ET-like immunoreactivity concentration was significantly increased in horses with gastrointestinal tract disorders, compared with healthy horses. Median plasma concentration of ET-like immunoreactivity was 1.80 pg/ml (range, 1.09 to 3.2 pg/ml) in healthy horses. Plasma ET-like immunoreactivity was greatest in horses with strangulating largeintestinal obstruction (median, 10.02 pg/ml; range, 3.8 to 22.62 pg/ml), peritonitis (9.19 pg/ml; 7.89 to 25.83 pg/ml), and enterocolitis (8.89 pg/ml; 6.30 to 18.36 pg/ml). Concentration of ET-like immunoreactivity was significantly associated with survival, PCV, and duration of signs of pain. However, correlations for associations with PCV and duration of pain were low.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horses with gastrointestinal tract disorders have increased plasma concentrations of ET-like immunoreactivity, compared with healthy horses. The greatest values were detected in horses with large-intestinal strangulating obstructions, peritonitis, and enterocolitis. This suggests a potential involvement of ET in the pathogenesis of certain gastrointestinal tract disorders in horses. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:454–458)
Clinical use of serum parvovirus and distemper virus antibody titers for determining revaccination strategies in healthy dogs
Authors: Twark Lisa , Dodds W. Jean 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess whether serum canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) antibody titers can be used to determine revaccination protocols in healthy dogs.Design—Case series.Animals—1,441 dogs between 6 weeks and 17 years old.Procedure—CPV and CDV antibody titers in serum samples submitted to a commercial diagnostic laboratory were measured by use of indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests. On the basis of parallel measurements of CPV and CDV serum antibody titers in 61 paired serum samples determined by use of hemagglutination inhibition and serum neutralization methods, respectively, we considered titers ≥ 1:5 (IFA test) indicative of an adequate antibody response.Results—Age, breed, and sex were not significantly associated with adequate CPV- or CDV-specific antibody responses. Of 1,441 dogs, 1,370 (95.1%) had adequate and 71 (4.9%) had inadequate antibody responses to CPV, whereas 1,346 of 1,379 (97.6%) dogs had adequate and 33 (2.4%) had inadequate responses to CDV. Vaccination histories were available for 468 dogs (468 for CPV, 457 for CDV). Interval between last vaccination and antibody measurement was 1 to 2 years for the majority (281/468; 60.0%) of dogs and 2 to 7 years for 142 of 468 (30.3%) dogs. Interval was < 1 year in only 45 of 468 (9.6%) dogs.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The high prevalence of adequate antibody responses (CPV, 95.1%; CDV, 97.6%) in this large population of dogs suggests that annual revaccination against CPV and CDV may not be necessary. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1021–1024)
Advantage of dichromats over trichromats in discrimination of color‐camouflaged stimuli in nonhuman primates
Authors: Saito Atsuko , Mikami Akichika , Kawamura Shoji , Ueno Yoshikazu , Hiramatsu Chihiro , Widayati Kanthi A. , Suryobroto Bambang , Teramoto Migaku , Mori Yusuke , Nagano Kunitoshi , Fujita Kazuo , Kuroshima Hika , Hasegawa Toshikazu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDue to a middle‐ to long‐wavelength‐sensitive (M/LWS) cone opsin polymorphism, there is considerable phenotypic variation in the color vision of New World monkeys. Many females have trichromatic vision, whereas some females and all males have dichromatic vision. The selective pressures that maintain this polymorphism are unclear. In the present study we compared the performance of dichromats and trichromats in a discrimination task. We examined tri‐ and dichromatic individuals of two species: brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) and long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). We also examined one protanomalous chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). The subjects' task was to discriminate a circular pattern from other patterns in which textural elements differed in orientation and thickness from the background. After they were trained with stimuli of a single color, the subjects were presented with color‐camouflaged stimuli with a green/red mosaic overlaid onto the pattern. The dichromatic monkeys and the protanomalous chimpanzee selected the correct stimulus under camouflaged conditions at rates significantly above chance levels, while the trichromats did not. These findings demonstrate that dichromatic nonhuman primates possess a superior visual ability to discriminate color‐camouflaged stimuli, and that such an ability may confer selective advantages with respect to the detection of cryptic foods and/or predators. Am. J. Primatol. 67:425–436, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of stimuli size on color discrimination in capuchin monkeys
Authors: Gomes Úrsula R. , Pessoa Daniel M.A. , Suganuma Elisa , Tomaz Carlos , Pessoa Valdir F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLarge‐field trichromacy is a general feature of protanope and deuteranope humans, provided that the stimuli size extends to an 8° visual angle. In this study we compared the performance of five male and three female tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in discriminating pairs of Munsell color papers. Human subjects were also studied in two‐choice discrimination tests, using the same stimuli and apparatus employed for the monkeys. The results show that although the dichromatic humans showed improved discrimination with larger versions of the stimuli, the dichromatic monkeys exhibited the same performance for both stimuli sizes. Thus, Cebus apella apparently do not present large‐field trichromacy‐at least for the conditions in the present experiments. Am. J. Primatol. 67:437–446, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Color‐vision polymorphism in wild capuchins (Cebus capucinus) and spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) in Costa Rica
Authors: Hiramatsu Chihiro , Tsutsui Toko , Matsumoto Yoshifumi , Aureli Filippo , Fedigan Linda M. , Kawamura Shoji 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNew World monkeys are unique in exhibiting a color‐vision polymorphism due to an allelic variation of the red‐green visual pigment gene. This makes these monkeys excellent subjects for studying the adaptive evolution of the visual system from both molecular and ecological viewpoints. However, the allele frequencies of the pigments within a natural population have not been well investigated. As a first step toward understanding the relationship between vision and behavior, we conducted color‐vision typing by analyzing fecal DNA from two wild groups of white‐faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) and one group of black‐handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) inhabiting Santa Rosa National Park of Costa Rica. All color‐typed monkeys were individually identified. InC. capucinusandA. geoffroyiwe found three and two pigment types, respectively, and the spectral mechanism that created one of the twoAtelespigments was found to be novel. In oneCebusgroup and theAtelesgroup, all alleles were present, whereas in the otherCebusgroup only two alleles were found, with one allele predominating. This was likely due to the effect of close inbreeding, indicating that wild populations can exhibit a variety of allele compositions. This result also suggests that the color‐vision polymorphism can be easily distorted by natural factors, such as inbreeding, skewing the population structure. Am. J. Primatol. 67:447–461, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Color vision pigment frequencies in wild tamarins (Saguinusspp.)
Authors: Surridge A.K. , Suárez S.S. , Buchanan‐smith H.M. , Smith A.C. , Mundy N.I. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe adaptive importance of polymorphic color vision found in many New World and some prosimian primates has been discussed for many years. Polymorphism is probably maintained in part through a heterozygote advantage for trichromatic females, as such individuals are observed to have greater foraging success when selecting ripe fruits against a background of forest leaves. However, recent work also suggests there are some situations in which dichromatic individuals may have an advantage, and that variation in color vision among individuals possessing different alleles may also be significant. Alleles that confer a selective advantage to individuals are expected to occur at a higher frequency in populations than those that do not. Therefore, analyzing the frequencies of color vision alleles in wild populations can add to our understanding of the selective advantages of some color vision phenotypes over others. With this aim, we used molecular techniques to determine the frequencies of color vision alleles in 12 wild tamarin groups representing three species of the genusSaguinus. Our results show that allele frequencies are not equal, possibly reflecting different selective regimes operating on different color vision phenotypes. Am. J. Primatol. 67:463–470, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Demonstration of a genotype–phenotype correlation in the polymorphic color vision of a non‐callitrichine New World monkey, capuchin (Cebus apella)
Authors: Saito Atsuko , Kawamura Shoji , Mikami Akichika , Ueno Yoshikazu , Hiramatsu Chihiro , Koida Kowa , Fujita Kazuo , Kuroshima Hika , Hasegawa Toshikazu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractColor‐vision polymorphism in New World monkeys occurs because of an allelic polymorphism of the single‐copy red‐green middle‐to‐long‐wavelength‐sensitive (M/LWS) opsin gene on the X chromosome. Because color‐vision types can readily be estimated from allelic types of the M/LWS opsin gene, this polymorphic system offers researchers an excellent opportunity to study the association between vision and behavior. As a prerequisite for such studies, genetically determined color‐vision types must be concordant with phenotypes determined directly by behavioral criteria (e.g., by a color discrimination test). However, such correlations between genotypes and phenotypes have been studied only for callitrichine species. Using genetic, electrophysiological, and behavioral approaches, we evaluated the color vision of brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella), a representative non‐callitrichine model animal for physiology and behavior. Two allelic M/LWS opsins–P545 and P530–were identified in the studied captive population. Females had one or both of the alleles, and males had either one. The retinal sensitivity in P530 dichromats was short‐wave shifted relative to that in P545 dichromats, whereas that in P530/P545 trichromats was between the two groups. In a discrimination task using Ishihara pseudo‐isochromatic plates, P530/P545 trichromats were successful in discriminating stimuli that P530 and P545 dichromats were unable to discriminate. In a food‐search task, P530/P545 trichromats were able to locate red targets among green distracters as quickly as among white distracters, whereas both types of dichromats took longer. These results demonstrate the mutual consistency between genotypes and phenotypes of color vision, and provide a solid genetic basis on which the ecology and evolution of color vision can be investigated. Am. J. Primatol. 67:471–485, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion of additives and deterioration with passage of time in polypropylene
Authors: Inata Hitoshi , Maki Ikuhiro , Ishikawa Tomoyuki , Takeda Kunihiko 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe diffusion of additives and the deterioration with the passage of time in polypropylene (PP) were studied by using the UL flaming test and the oxygen index test to measure the flame retardancy. The weight change was also measured. The decreases with the lapse of time were observed for multiple flame retardants. Aliphatic brominated compounds showed the best result for flame retardancy in the initial stage of combustion. The best flame retardants for PP to inhibit the deterioration of flame retardancy with the passage of time were brominated hydrocarbon with more than two aromatic rings connected by a functional group or isocyanurate, and phosphates connected with a branching aliphatic hydrocarbon. The weight of the loss was plotted as a function of aging time and temperature to elucidate why the flame retardancy deteriorated. The apparent diffusion constant depends on the temperature and the rate was expressed with the Arrhenius equation. The concentration of flame retardant in PP was calculated by the constant and the equation at arbitrary time after thermal aging. The relation between the performance and chemical structure of the additives was also discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Preparation of collagen–polyurethane composite film and its subcutaneous implantation in rats: The improvement of tissue compatibility
Authors: Li Yanhui , Huang Yudong 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper reports a safe, easy, effective, and one‐step process to introduce a collagen layer onto a polyester‐urethane surface for improving its biocompatibility and reducing acute inflammatory reaction. Collagen gel (COL) was spread onto the plasma‐treated polyurethanes (PU) film to make PU–COL composite film by lyophilization. In this process, collagen on the interface was covalently immobilized to PU surface. Density of immobilized collagen molecules was examined to find the optimal experiment condition. The surface properties of the immobilized film were characterized by attenuated total reflection infrared spectrum and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the efficiency of collagen immobilization. The results indicated that collagen chains had been grafted on PU surface because of plasma activation. To see if collagen modification can deduce acute inflammatory reaction and improve tissue guide regeneration, PU and PU–COL composite film were implanted subdermally in rats to analyze the effect of collagen immobilization. The reaction interface of PU–COL composite film and rat's tissue was observed by transmission electron microscope to analyze biocompatibility of PU–COL; unmodified PU film was used as control. The result showed that acute inflammatory reaction induced by PU–COL composite film had vanished gradually after 7 days and the material was embedded by tissue, almost forming a capsule. The capsule's wall thinned out gradually in the following days. Although the control group's inflammatory reaction did not vanish in 1 month and PU film embed in rat's tissue incompletely, PU implant migrated easily from the implant site. As a result, PU–COL composite film had most advantage in tissue guide regeneration and compatibility. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99:1832–1841, 2006
Sample size effect on the effective diffusion coefficients for the gas contained in closed‐cell polyethylene‐based foam subjected to compressive creep tests
Authors: Ruiz‐Herrero J. L. , Rodríguez‐Pérez M. A. , De Saja J. A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this article, the effect of sample size on the degassing behavior of closed‐cell low density polyethylene (LDPE) foam under long‐term compressive static loading is presented. The creep response was modeled by assuming isothermal compression of the gas. The change in gas pressure with time was obtained and the effective diffusion coefficients were calculated from pressure decrease using an analytical solution of the diffusion equation, and were found to increase when the sample size was reduced. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Study on sepiolite‐reinforced polymeric nanocomposites
Authors: Zheng Yaping , Zheng Ying 
Published: December 2005

AbstractEpoxy nanocomposites reinforced by nano‐sized sepiolite are investigated. Sepiolite particles and the nanocomposites were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and IR. The level of reinforcement is assessed from impact strength and flexural strength. It is shown that significant improvement in mechanical property is obtained for all reinforced nanocomposites and the addition of 1% sepiolite appears to be an optimum blend ratio. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Effect of ethanol on chemically synthesized polyaniline nanothread
Authors: Kan Jinqing , Zhang Shuling , Jing Guolin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe nanothread of polyaniline (PANI) using ammonium persulphate ((NH4)2S2O8) as an oxidant was prepared. The solution is composed of 0.4 mol dm−3 aniline, 1.0 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid, and different proportions ethanol. The resulting products were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, UV–vis spectra, transmission electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis techniques, and X‐ray diffraction. The experimental results show that the content of ethanol has effects on the morphology of PANI, but the effects on the conductivity are not very obvious. When the volume ratio of ethanol to aniline is 1:2, the more uniform and regular PANI nanothread can be prepared. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1848–1853, 2006