bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust and the Exchange of EU Classified Information: The Example of Absolute Originator Control Impeding Joint Parliamentary Scrutiny at Europol
Authors: Kartalova Sofiya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe absolute implementation of the originator control principle (‘absolute originator control’) allows the EU Member States’ national intelligence services to block the access of the European Parliament to confidential information necessary for the effective exercise of joint parliamentary scrutiny at Europol. This research paper will demonstrate that this is a flawed practice in need of urgent reform, since it violates some of the basic tenets of EU constitutional law enshrined in Article 13 TEU and Article 9 TEU. This legal problem is reframed with the help of trust theory, which reveals that absolute originator control causes the Union to be confronted with a constitutional dilemma that is irresolvable in the EU legal order: the Union is revealed to be a trustee to two trustors – the EU Member States and the EU citizens; to protect the interests of one trustor, the Union would necessarily have to betray the trust of the other trustor.
International Trade Law: A Driver of Climate Action or a Roadblock?
Authors: Kalra Shivani Sagar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMuch has been written about changing the world's perception of international trade—from an area of development that will accelerate climate change to a powerful tool that can drive climate action. This article elaborates on four mechanisms of international trade law developed and honed by the World Trade Organization (WTO) that can play a pivotal role in accelerating climate action. The four mechanisms are the WTO's dispute resolution system, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), and the regional trade agreements (RTAs) negotiated under the WTO framework. Elucidating the WTO's role, this article supports the proposition that every multilateral institution can rise to the occasion and spearhead climate action in its own unique capacity.
Pursuing Racial Order and Social Progress: Violence, Afrophobia and “Religious Racism” in Brazil
Authors: Cantave Rachel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article explores “religious racism,” or discrimination against devotees of African-derived religions in Brazil, as a broader pattern of structural racism rooted in racialized religious alterity, Afrophobia, and the epistemic divide between religion and nonreligion. The term religious racism has been proposed by some devotees and anti-racist activists to emphasize that Afro-Brazilian religions are uniquely targeted in ways other non-Christian religions are not. Unlike religious intolerance, the term religious racism explicitly connects discrimination against Afro-Brazilian religions to colonization, color or racial hierarchy, and anti-Black prejudice. This article clarifies the ideological groundings of religious racism that encourage Neo-Pentecostal extremists to pursue “order and progress,” as the national motto suggests, through physical violence.
Estimating the effect of intergroup contact over years: evidence from a youth program in Israel
Authors: Asimovic Nejla , Ditlmann Ruth K. , Samii Cyrus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe study how an intervention combining youth intergroup contact and sports affects intergroup relations in the context of an active conflict. We first conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of one-year program exposure in Israel. To track effects of a multiyear exposure, we then use machine-learning techniques to fuse the RCT with the observational data gathered on multiyear participants. This analytical approach can help overcome frequent limitations of RCTs, such as modest sample sizes and short observation periods. Our evidence cannot affirm a one-year effect on outgroup regard and ingroup regulation, although we estimate benefits of multiyear exposure among Jewish-Israeli youth, particularly boys. We discuss implications for interventions in contexts of active conflict and group status asymmetry.
Gender and Deindustrialization: A Transnational Historiographical Review
Authors: Clarke Jackie , McIvor Arthur , McEwan Anna , Burns Sinead 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis contribution takes stock of the growing research on deindustrialization from a gender perspective. Much of the work in deindustrialization studies is rooted in local studies, within single national contexts. This article provides a perspective that cuts across case studies and national historiographies. It reviews findings on the implications of deindustrialization for working-class masculinities and considers the extent to which research has privileged a focus on white masculinity in crisis (a theme which is more present in some national contexts than others). The article goes on to show how a more complex and nuanced understanding of gender, class, and race is emerging. It highlights women workers’ experience of deindustrialization and considers the ways in which deindustrialization is associated with a restructuring of gender relations. Acknowledging some of the limitations of the current state of research, the article points to a number of potential avenues for further enquiry.
Estimation of the number of tree species in French Guiana by extrapolation of permanent plots richness
Authors: Marcon Eric , Mirabel Ariane , Molino Jean-François , Sabatier Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The biodiversity of tropical rainforest is difficult to assess. Yet, its estimation is necessary for conservation purposes, to evaluate our level of knowledge and the risks faced by the forest in relation to global change. Our contribution is to estimate the regional richness of tree species from local but widely spread inventories. We reviewed the methods available, which are nonparametric estimators based on abundance or occurrence data, log-series extrapolation and the universal species–area relationship based on maximum entropy. Appropriate methods depend on the scale considered. Harte’s self-similarity model is suitable at the regional scale, while the log-series extrapolation is not. GuyaDiv is a network of forest plots installed over the whole territory of French Guiana, where trees over 10 cm DBH are identified. We used its information (1315 species censused in 68 one-hectare plots) to estimate the exponent of the species–area relationship, assuming Arrhenius’s power law. We could then extrapolate the number of species from three local, wide inventories (over 2.5 km2). We evaluated the number of tree species around 2200 over the territory.
Algorithms for the ferromagnetic Potts model on expanders
Authors: Carlson Charlie , Davies Ewan , Fraiman Nicolas , Kolla Alexandra , Potukuchi Aditya , Yap Corrine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe give algorithms for approximating the partition function of the ferromagnetic
$q$
-color Potts model on graphs of maximum degree
$d$
. Our primary contribution is a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme for
$d$
-regular graphs with an expansion condition at low temperatures (that is, bounded away from the order-disorder threshold). The expansion condition is much weaker than in previous works; for example, the expansion exhibited by the hypercube suffices. The main improvements come from a significantly sharper analysis of standard polymer models; we use extremal graph theory and applications of Karger’s algorithm to count cuts that may be of independent interest. It is #BIS-hard to approximate the partition function at low temperatures on bounded-degree graphs, so our algorithm can be seen as evidence that hard instances of #BIS are rare. We also obtain efficient algorithms in the Gibbs uniqueness region for bounded-degree graphs. While our high-temperature proof follows more standard polymer model analysis, our result holds in the largest-known range of parameters
$d$
and
$q$
.
Weight gain in infants with congenital heart disease; breastfeeding alone versus supplemental spoon-feeding of expressed breast milk: an open-label, pilot, randomised control trial.
Authors: Jangid Varsha , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Bhatt Dheeraj Deo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectives:Infants with congenital heart disease and increased pulmonary blood flow frequently suffer from feeding difficulties and growth failure. Providing expressed breast milk by spoon has been hypothesised to decrease energy expenditure in these infants as compared to breastfeeding. This study assessed the effect of supplemental feeding of expressed breast milk on weight gain in infants with unoperated congenital heart disease.Method:This was a prospective open-label randomised control trial. In total, 50 infants with post tricuspid left to right shunt were enrolled in the study. In the intervention group, apart from breastfeeding, a minimum predetermined volume of expressed breast milk was targeted to be given by spoon. 30-50 kcal/kg/day was given by expressed breast milk by spoon-feeding. In the control group, the infants were given at least 8 feeds per 24 hours by direct breastfeeding. Both groups were followed up for 1 month and assessed for weight gain.Result:Despite a high rate of protocol breach in both groups (30% overall), infants in the intervention group had better weight gain at one-month follow-up compared to those in the control group, 780 ± 300 versus 530 ± 250 gm (p = 0.01).Conclusion:In infants with left to right shunts, supplemental feeding of expressed breast milk by spoon along with breastfeeding resulted in significantly higher average weight gain at 30 days compared to the control group who received breastfeeding alone. Future studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups need to be done to confirm the findings of this study.
Who Participates in Focus Groups? Diagnosing Self-Selection
Authors: Boas Taylor C. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTFocus groups have become increasingly popular in political science alongside the growth in field experimental and other causal inference-oriented work in comparative politics. Yet, scholars rarely provide details about recruitment processes and descriptive statistics on focus-group participants. This situation is problematic given the likelihood of self-selection and the fact that scholars often use focus groups to pretest or refine experimental treatments or survey questionnaires. By leveraging a series of focus groups that were recruited from a pool of large-N survey respondents, this article demonstrates a method for assessing which variables drive the decision to participate. I recommend that scholars diagnose self-selection into focus groups whenever possible; that they compare participants to relevant baselines when working with samples of convenience; and that they always provide descriptive statistics and details on how focus-group members were recruited.
Exploring the influence of context on social norms around Australian parents’ food provision using story completion
Authors: Scott Amelia G , Johnson Brittany J , Hunter Sarah C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To explore the differences in social norms around parents’ food provision in different provision contexts and by demographics.

Design:
Qualitative study using story completion methodology via an online survey in September 2021. Adults 18+ with or without children were randomised to one of three story stems focusing on food provision in different contexts; food provision at home (non-visitor), with visitors present and with the involvement of sport. Stories were coded and themed using thematic analysis. A content analysis was performed to determine count and frequency of codes in stories by participant demographics and story assumptions.

Setting:
Australia.

Participants:
Adults (n 196).

Results:
Nine themes were identified from the data resulting in four social norms around providing healthy foods and justifying non-adherence to healthy eating guidelines, evolution of family life and mealtime values, the presence of others influencing how we engage with food provision and unhealthy foods used as incentives/rewards in sport. Following content analysis, no differences of themes or norms by participant demographics or story assumptions were found.

Conclusions:
We identified pervasive social norms around family food provision and further identified how contextual factors resulted in variations or distinct norms. This highlights the impact context may have on the social norms parents face when providing food to their children and the opportunities and risks of leveraging these social norms to influence food choice in these contexts. Public health interventions and practitioners should understand the influence of context and social environments when promoting behaviour change and providing individualised advice. Future research could explore parents’ experiences of these norms and to what extent they impact food choice.
A compact UWB MIMO antenna augmented with isolation improvement structures in situ with ground stubs and slots
Authors: Banerjee Jeet , Gorai Abhik , Ghatak Rowdra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn orthogonally oriented microstrip-fed bi-element ultra-wideband (UWB) diversity antenna possessing a super-wide bandwidth, high isolation, and band rejection attributes is proposed. The intended diversity antenna uses a 2nd-order Cayley fractal tree-shaped neutralization line among a pair of radiating square monopoles along with additional components like extended ground stubs, hybrid Koch fractal parasitic elements, and an L-shaped defected ground structure to attain high isolation of <−20 dB over 3.1–18 GHz. To nullify the intervention from the existent wireless local area network band, a hybrid Koch–Minkowski slot is carved out from the radiators. A minimal inter-element spacing of 8 mm is attained with the suggested layout measuring 28 mm (L) × 42 mm (W) in extent. The numerical as well as experimental investigations of vital diversity attributes like the envelope correlation coefficient, mean effective gain, total active reflection coefficient, and multiplexing efficiency depict high diversity actualization. The consistency amidst the simulation as well as the empirical results recommends the worthiness of the intended antenna for handy UWB and UWB multiple-input multiple-output systems.
A Deep Learning Approach to Extract Balanced Motions From Sea Surface Height Snapshot
Authors: Gao Zhanwen , Chapron Bertrand , Ma Chunyong , Fablet Ronan , Febvre Quentin , Zhao Wenxia , Chen Ge 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExtracting balanced geostrophic motions (BM) from sea surface height (SSH) observations obtained by wide‐swath altimetry holds great significance in enhancing our understanding of oceanic dynamic processes at submesoscale wavelength. However, SSH observations derived from wide‐swath altimetry are characterized by high spatial resolution while relatively low temporal resolution, thereby posing challenges to extract the BM from a single SSH snapshot. To address this issue, this paper proposes a deep learning model called the BM‐UBM Network, which takes an instantaneous SSH snapshot as input and outputs the projection corresponding to the BM. Training experiments are conducted both in the Gulf Stream and South China Sea, and three metrics are considered to diagnose model's outputs. The favorable results highlight the potential capability of the BM‐UBM Network to process SSH measurements obtained by wide‐swath altimetry.
Why Does the October Effect Not Occur at Night?
Authors: Wendt Vivien , Schneider Helen , Banyś Daniela , Hansen Marc , Clilverd Mark A. , Raita Tero 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe October effect is known as a rapid and strong decrease in the signal amplitude of radio waves with very low frequency (VLF), reflected at the lowest edge of the ionosphere. This strong decrease can be observed only during the daytime. Although the October effect is long known, it is hardly investigated and its mechanism is still unknown. To get closer to a mechanism, we answer why the October effect does not occur during nighttime. Therefore, average characteristics of the October effect are obtained from different VLF transmitter‐receiver combinations. The occurrence of the October effect is then compared with characteristics of the neutral atmosphere temperature at VLF reflection heights as it seems to act as a proxy for the unknown mechanism. The temperature shows an asymmetric seasonal behavior at daytime VLF reflection heights poleward of 50°N but not during the nighttime, resulting in the October effect.
Gas Seepage and Pockmark Formation From Subsurface Reservoirs: Insights From Table‐Top Experiments
Authors: Vaknin I. , Aharonov E. , Holtzman R. , Katz O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPockmarks are morphological depressions commonly observed in ocean and lake floors. Pockmarks form by fluid (typically gas) seepage thorough a sealing sedimentary layer, deforming and breaching the layer. The seepage‐induced sediment deformation mechanisms, and their links to the resulting pockmarks morphology, are not well understood. To bridge this gap, we conduct laboratory experiments in which gas seeps through a granular (sand) reservoir, overlaid by a (clay) seal, both submerged under water. We find that gas rises through the reservoir and accumulates at the seal base. Once sufficient gas over‐pressure is achieved, gas deforms the seal, and finally escapes via either: (a) doming of the seal followed by dome breaching via fracturing; (b) brittle faulting, delineating a plug, which is lifted by the gas seeping through the bounding faults; or (c) plastic deformation by bubbles ascending through the seal. The preferred mechanism is found to depend on the seal thickness and stiffness: in stiff seals, a transition from doming and fracturing to brittle faulting occurs as the thickness increases, whereas bubble rise is preferred in the most compliant, thickest seals. Seepage can also occur by mixed modes, such as bubbles rising in faults. Repeated seepage events suspend the sediment at the surface and create pockmarks. We present a quantitative analysis that explains the tendency for the various modes of deformation observed experimentally. Finally, we connect simple theoretical arguments with field observations, highlighting similarities and differences that bound the applicability of laboratory experiments to natural pockmarks.
PyIRI: Whole‐Globe Approach to the International Reference Ionosphere Modeling Implemented in Python
Authors: Forsythe Victoriya V. , Bilitza Dieter , Burrell Angeline G. , Dymond Kenneth F. , Fritz Bruce A. , McDonald Sarah E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model is widely used in the ionospheric community and considered the gold standard for empirical ionospheric models. The development of this model was initiated in the late 1960s using the FORTRAN language; for its programming approach, the model outputs were calculated separately for each given geographic location and time stamp. The Consultative Committee on International Radio (CCIR) and International Union of Radio Science (URSI) coefficients provide the skeleton of the IRI model, as they define the global distribution of the maximum useable ionospheric frequency foF2 and the propagation factor M(3,000)F2. At the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, a novel Python tool was developed that enables global runs of the IRI model with significantly lower computational overhead. This was made possible through the Python rebuild of the core IRI component (which calculates ionospheric critical frequency using the CCIR or URSI coefficients), taking advantage of NumPy matrix multiplication instead of using cyclic addition. This paper explains in detail this new approach and introduces all components of the PyIRI package.
Numerical Modeling of Potential Large Wood Entrainment in Rivers: Application of Hybrid Modeling in the Inter‐Dam Reach of the Dyje River, Czechia
Authors: Hlavňa M. , Máčka Z. , Záthurecký J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMobilization of large wood in river channels during floods represents a hazardous factor, augmenting flood risk and endangering infrastructures such as bridges, weirs, and reservoir dams. A hybrid modeling approach combining numerical models with field‐based surveys has been recently used to elucidate the processes of LW entrainment and deposition in rivers. We used two‐dimensional hydraulic modeling performed in HEC‐RAS to simulate LW entrainment in two valley bottom segments of the Dyje River, Czechia, where LW deposition is a significant hazard to the dam of the downstream Znojmo reservoir. We surveyed all LW pieces in the inundation area of the 2002 extreme (>Q100) flood and simulated their entrainment for eight flood scenarios (1–100‐year recurrence interval). We used the equations of Braudrick and Grant (2000, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900290) to calculate the LW entrainment threshold; we introduced coefficient k accounting for the incomplete submersion of LW pieces resting on an inclined surface into the original equations. Four entrainment categories — stable, wetted stable, wetted buoyant, and wetted entrained — were defined, and the proportion of LW pieces in each category was calculated for the flood scenarios. We found marked differences in entrainment categories for respective flood scenarios between the two valley segments. These were attributed to the differences in pieces' dimensions, their spatial distribution within the inundation area, and valley‐bottom topography, which affects the hydraulic conditions for a given discharge. The presented approach enables the calculation of the LW quantity potentially mobilized by the flood of a certain magnitude indicating the degree of potential risk for the infrastructures located downstream.
Equilibrium Fractionation of Stable Strontium Isotopes During Adsorption to Mn Oxides
Authors: Liu Ben , Zhu Guanhong , Ma Jinlong , Zhang Le , Wei Gangjian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the stable strontium isotope fractionation between seawater and ferromanganese crusts/nodules is crucial for reconstructing seawater Sr isotopic history. This study explores stable Sr isotope fractionation during adsorption to manganese oxides, as preliminary experiments indicated their higher Sr adsorption capacity compared to iron oxides. We observed that equilibrium in concentration and isotopic composition can be achieved within a day. The lighter isotope (86Sr) is preferentially adsorbed, with the fractionation extent showing no significant change with respect to reaction time, pH, or Sr concentration under low ionic strength conditions (−0.14‰). Equilibrium fractionation processes, rather than Rayleigh fractionation, more accurately represent the isotopic composition trends of dissolved and adsorbed Sr. Experiments in synthetic seawater demonstrated greater Sr isotope fractionation (−0.20‰) compared to low ionic‐strength solutions. This fractionation during adsorption by manganese oxides in synthetic seawater is consistent with the isotopic discrepancy between seawater and ferromanganese nodules, suggesting that Mn oxide adsorption is the primary mechanism for Sr accumulation in ferromanganese deposits. These results imply that ferromanganese deposit Sr isotopic compositions could be proxies for reconstructing seawater Sr isotopic history, which is influenced by carbonate burial and continental weathering, reflecting the global carbon cycle changes.