bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo‐EM structure of a minimal reaction center–light‐harvesting complex from the phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus
Authors: Huang Guoqiang , Dong Shishang , Ma Lin , Li Lin , Ju Jinxin , Wang Mei‐Jiao , Zhang Jian‐Ping , Sui Sen‐Fang , Qin Xiaochun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPhotosynthetic organisms have developed various light‐harvesting antenna systems to capture light and transfer energy to reaction centers (RCs). Simultaneous utilization of the integral membrane light‐harvesting antenna (LH complex) and the extrinsic antenna (chlorosomes) makes the phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus (Cfx.) aurantiacus an ideal model for studying filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (FAPs). Here, we determined the structure of a minimal RC–LH photocomplex from Cfx. aurantiacus J‐10‐fl (CaRC–LH) at 3.05‐Å resolution. The CaRC–LH binds only to seven LH subunits, which form a crescent‐shaped antenna surrounding the movable menaquinone‐10 (QB) binding site of CaRC. In this complex with minimal LH units, an extra antenna is required to ensure sufficient light‐gathering, providing a clear explanation for the presence of chlorosomes in Cfx. aurantiacus. More importantly, the semicircle of the antenna represents a novel RC–LH assembly pattern. Our structure provides a basis for understanding the existence of chlorosomes in Cfx. aurantiacus and the possible assembly pattern of RC–LH.
Effects of Poly‐L‐Lactic Acid Fillers on Inflammatory Response and Collagen Synthesis in Different Animal Models
Authors: He Tong , Zhang Zilin , Zhang Xiaoting , Niu Huanyun , Wang Shiwei , Wang Qiaoli , Lai Chen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe responses to poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) filler implantation exhibit variability across various animal models. This study aimed to investigate these differences in order to identify suitable animal models for diverse experimental applications.MethodsPLLA fillers were implanted into two distinct skin layers (periosteum and subcutaneous tissue), in rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice. At 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks postimplantation, biopsy samples were collected for hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the differential responses among the animals.ResultsAll four animal models exhibited significant inflammatory responses and collagen regeneration following PLLA injection. However, the magnitude of these responses varied across species, with guinea pigs and rabbits displaying the most pronounced inflammatory responses, whereas mice exhibited the mildest. The degree of response also differed between tissue layers, with rats and mice showing stronger inflammatory responses in the periosteum compared to the subcutaneous tissue; a phenomenon not observed in rabbits and guinea pigs. ELISA analysis revealed upregulated TNF‐α, IL‐12, and TGF‐β expression in rats and mice at 12 weeks.ConclusionsVarying levels of tissue responses are observed following PLLA injections in different animals and within different tissue layers within a single animal. These findings suggest a careful selection of appropriate animal models is necessary for specific research objectives.
Feasibility and accuracy of single maxillary molar designed by an implicit neural network (INN)‐based model: A comparative study
Authors: Wang Yiqing , Shi Yuze , Li Nan , Lin Wei‐Shao , Tan Jianguo , Chen Li 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeThis feasibility study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel implicit neural network (INN)‐based model for the automatic reconstruction of biomimetic maxillary molar.Material and MethodsA total of 500 sets of full dental scans containing intact right and left maxillary first molars (#3 and #14) and adjacent teeth were included in this study. The digital maxillary casts were duplicated: one set served as the original, while the other had one maxillary first molar removed. Two INN‐based models were developed, including the point convolution for surface reconstruction (POCO‐only) model and the POCO with point multilayer perceptron (POCO‐PointMLP) model. Each model was trained with either 12,000 or 50,000 sampling points from the training dataset. Chamfer distance (CD), F‐score, and Volumetric Intersection over Union (volumetric IoU) were used to evaluate the INN‐based models and training outcomes. The best INN‐based model was selected to generate 20 digital crown designs (GCs) automatically from randomly selected test datasets and compared with the digital crowns designed by experienced human laboratory technicians (TCs). Both GCs and TCs were compared with the original clinical crowns (OCs) using root mean square (RMS) and color maps. Comparisons of RMS values were analyzed utilizing paired t‐tests with statistical significance set at α = 0.05.ResultsThe performance of 2 INN‐based models and training outcomes were evaluated and POCO‐PointMLP trained with 50,000 sample points showed the best outcomes, with CD of 0.000119403, F‐score of 0.919740566, and volumetric IoU of 0.943382978. This INN‐based model was then selected to generate 20 digital crown designs (GCs) and compared with TCs for the RMS outcomes. The GCs exhibited numerically lower mean RMS compared to TCs without significant difference (0.2839 ± 0.0307 versus 0.3026 ± 0.0587 mm, p = 0.202). GCs and TCs both closely matched to the original clinical crowns (OCs).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed INN‐based POCO‐PointMLP model for automating the digital crown designs of maxillary first molars. The INN‐based model‐generated digital crown designs showed comparable 3D deviations to the ones designed by experienced human laboratory technicians, presenting a novel and efficient artificial neural network architecture for tooth digital design tasks with the expansion of training datasets, refined training hyperparameters, and integrated comprehensive assessments.
Effect of sleep deprivation on gait complexity
Authors: Oliveira João Henriques , Gomes João Sá , Santos Paulo , Pezarat‐Correia Pedro , Vaz João R. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryGait complexity is considered an indicator of adaptability, reflecting the complex interaction between multiple components of the neuromuscular system. Previous research provided evidence that chronobiology, which reflects the individual expression of circadian rhythms, affects the regulation of gait dynamics. The literature also suggests the disruption of these circadian rhythms affects multiple human physiological systems. Considering the association between chronobiology and gait complexity, and its clinical relevance, it would be important to investigate whether the disruption of sleep–wake cycle could affect gait complexity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 1 night of sleep deprivation on gait complexity and variability of healthy individuals, exploring potential implications for motor control. Seventeen healthy and young male adults underwent an in‐lab supervised 24‐hr sleep deprivation protocol, with gait complexity and variability assessed using detrended fluctuation analysis and coefficient of variation, respectively. Chronotype was also assessed through the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire. We observed a loss of gait complexity with sleep deprivation (PRE: 0.8 ± 0.13; POST24: 0.62 ± 0.08, p < 0.001), while gait variability remained unaltered (p = 0.132). Additionally, we demonstrated an association between gait complexity's relative changes and chronotype (r = −0.665, p = 0.004). Overall, our findings suggest sleep deprivation induces a decrease in the neuromuscular system's ability to flexibly adapt gait output. Moreover, we also highlight the importance of chronobiology in motor control, as we observed the more morning‐type an individual is, the greater the loss of complexity following 1 night of sleep deprivation. Altogether, our findings underscore the potential impact of sleep deprivation on central processes underlying gait complexity.
Delimiting Species—Prospects and Challenges for DNA Barcoding
Authors: Emerson Brent C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDiscovering, describing and cataloguing global species diversity remains a fundamental challenge both for biodiversity research and for the management and conservation of biodiversity. Among animals, the challenge is particularly acute within the arthropods, which comprise approximately 85% of all described animals, with approximately 1 million described species. The true number of arthropod species is estimated to be in excess of 10 million species. This estimate is likely to be revised upward in the light of global DNA barcode sequencing initiatives that are cataloguing unprecedented levels of cryptic or overlooked diversity. The scale of diversity that is being recovered with barcode sequencing places further strain on a taxonomic system confronted by ever‐limited global taxonomic capacity to verify and describe new species. It is predicted that the number of novel operational taxonomic units delimited by barcode sequencing is likely to eclipse the number of species described by Linnean taxonomy by as early as 2029. Unless addressed, this may see an increasing proportion of arthropod species falling outside of protective legislative frameworks as a consequence of their lack of formal description. Confronted with this challenge, there is increasing, but controversial, acceptance of species delimitation and species description based on barcode sequence clustering thresholds. In response to the evolving controversy surrounding this issue, it is both timely and important to identify and clarify prospects and challenges for DNA barcoding, with a specific focus on species delimitation to address important shortfalls and impediments in biodiversity research.
Broadening the Scope: The Importance of Cross‐Regional and Governance Analysis for Understanding Fiscal Rules
Authors: Smith Heidi Jane M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis article discusses the rising federal debt in the United States and the need for effective fiscal management solutions, such as adopting fiscal rules. It highlights the importance of examining fiscal rules from various regions, particularly Latin America, to understand their impact on fiscal discipline. The United States faces unique challenges due to its deeply decentralized federal system, where state and local governments operate independently, leading to fragmented fiscal practices. This article emphasizes the need for integrated fiscal oversight and the potential benefits of learning from other countries' experiences with fiscal rules.
‘Tell them I've had a wonderful life’: Wittgenstein's final words from the perspective of the world sub specie aeterni
Authors: Manhire Ryan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSome scholars suggest a puzzle presents itself in Ludwig Wittgenstein's final words in the mismatch between what Norman Malcolm describes as a ‘fiercely unhappy’ life and Wittgenstein's expression of that life as ‘wonderful’. Ronald L. Hall attempts to overcome the apparent puzzle by retranslating Wittgenstein's final words into an expression of an awakening to the wonder inherent in reality. Beth Savickey argues that Hall's approach is a philosophical abstraction that diminishes the significance of friendship in Wittgenstein's life and that these friendships are what made Wittgenstein's life ‘wonderful’. I argue that Hall's and Savickey's accounts of wonder and friendship go wrong as attempts to explain away the apparent puzzle of Wittgenstein's final words. Drawing on remarks from Raimond Gaita, I argue that both aspects can be incorporated into a dissolution of the apparent puzzle if Wittgenstein's final words are heard in the register of an expression of gratitude from a perspective of his life as a whole sub specie aeterni.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Neurophysiological Indices of Working Memory Maintenance in Young Adults
Authors: Looser Vera Nina , Gerber Markus , Ludyga Sebastian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWorking memory is a crucial component of cognitive performance, supporting well‐being, mental health, and successful personal and academic endeavors. Working memory performance and capacity peak during young adulthood, a critical period for managing increased life challenges. Emerging evidence indicates that cardiorespiratory fitness holds potential to enhance working memory performance; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and neurophysiological markers of cognitive control during a task requiring working memory maintenance. Young healthy adults (N = 112) completed a submaximal ergometer test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. Working memory maintenance was assessed using the Sternberg task under low and high cognitive loads, while event‐related potentials (ERP) components (cue‐P300, CNV, and probe‐P300) were recorded. In addition, an immediate free recall task was administered. Path analysis revealed that higher cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly associated with better accuracy in the Sternberg task exclusively under high cognitive load (β = 0.21, p = 0.03). In the high load condition, higher negativity of the contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude was significantly associated with higher fitness levels (β = −0.20, p = 0.03) and with better performance on the immediate free recall task (β = −0.23, p = 0.02), suggesting enhanced neurophysiological preparatory processes and dominance of proactive cognitive control strategy in fitter individuals. Cue‐P300 and probe‐P300 did not show significant associations with cardiorespiratory fitness nor working memory performance. These findings underscore the role of proactive cognitive control in mediating the benefits of cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive performance.
Risk analysis approaches for microbial ingredients in microbial‐based cleaning products
Authors: Boesenberg Diane , Brueck Chris , Chhuon Cindy , Kim James , Miller Arthur J. , Stijntjes Gerard J. , Vedel Heidi , Whiting Richard C. , Van Trump J. Ian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMicrobial‐based cleaning products (MBCPs) are an emerging class of cleaning products that contain viable microorganisms, often bacteria or bacterial endospores, as intentionally added formulation ingredients for cleaning and/or odor control. Although several well‐established methodologies exist to support risk analysis for conventional chemical‐based cleaning products, at present there are no widely recognized methods or commonly utilized frameworks to support risk analysis for use of microbial ingredients present in MBCPs, specifically. The purpose of this work is to provide information to MBCP manufacturers and regulators that can be used to assist in developing their own approaches to MBCP risk assessment. As part of this assessment, potential hazards associated with use of bacterial or bacterial endospore ingredients of MBCPs can be adequately characterized, assessed, and managed as part of both product development and ongoing product stewardship. Accordingly, this document summarizes potential approaches to support strain‐level identification of microbial ingredient(s), evaluate their hazards and potential for human exposure, and assess their potential effects following such exposures to different human populations. Recommendations for both hazard and risk characterization are discussed. Additionally, guidance is provided to support decision‐making by risk managers, including guidance for the development of risk communication strategies, where appropriate, to mitigate the identified risks. Properly applied, the conceptual approaches described herein may facilitate the standardization and more consistent application of appropriate risk analysis procedures tailored to suit microbial ingredients present in MBCPs. Beyond their utility in assessing microbial ingredients commonly used in MBCPs today, these same approaches may help companies and regulators consider and manage risks for new microbial ingredients that may be utilized in future MBCP formulations.
The Role of Medical Supply Shortages on an Age‐Structured Epidemic Model
Authors: Zhou Miao , Yang Junyuan , Li Jiaxu , Sun Guiquan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA shortage of medical resources can arise when a multitude of patients rapidly emerge during the initial phases of an emerging infectious disease, due to limited availability of healthcare resources. Chronological age plays a pivotal role in both foreseeing and preventing infection patterns. In this investigation, we present an Susceptible‐Infected‐Recovered (SIR) model that integrates an age‐structured and a saturated treatment function, and demonstrate its well‐posedness. Our analysis reveals intricate patterns in the system, characterized by a steady‐state bifurcation involving a backward bifurcation and a stable bifurcation representing a Hopf bifurcation. Notably, numerical simulations demonstrate that when , the system exemplifies a novel phenomenon wherein a disease‐free equilibrium coexists harmoniously with an enduring Hopf bifurcation. We conduct a real application for model calibration and suggest that enhancing medical facilities and minimizing treatment delays may prove to be of paramount importance in curtailing the spread of the disease.
The Past, Present and Future of Structural Health Monitoring: An Overview of Three Ages
Authors: Farrar C. R. , Dervilis N. , Worden K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an overview of the discipline of structural health monitoring (SHM), organised in terms of three proposed ages. The first age is delineated by the prehistory of SHM and the period where nondestructing testing methods evolved into an organised set of principles built upon physics‐based models; this age ended when the model‐based approaches reached an impasse in terms of their ability to properly deal with real‐world problems. The second age of SHM began with a transition to data‐based methods based on statistical pattern recognition, which provided a holistic approach to SHM problems for the first time. This age arguably ended when the methods foundered in situations where the necessary training data were scarce. It is argued here that the third age began with the development of population‐based SHM, which has been designed to overcome the problem of data scarcity. As there is very limited space in a single article to provide a comprehensive overview, an appendix has been provided here that gives a very systematic bibliography of SHM reviews—a meta‐bibliography.
Investigations into Relationship Between Significant Wave Height and Mean Wave Period in Nearshore Straits Under Typhoon Conditions
Authors: Imani Hasan , Wei Kai , Shen Zhonghui , Zhong Xi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the construction of coastal infrastructure in the complex environment of nearshore straits, accurate estimation of wave conditions during the passage of tropical cyclones is essential for reliable structural design. In this study, internal and external dependence relationships between height- and period-related parameters for typhoon-induced mean wave conditions in nearshore straits are established. Field measurements and Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) + ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) simulations of waves in two straits on the east coast of China under historical typhoon conditions were used. In reference to field data, the developed external relationships provide closer estimates of the lower, expected, and upper bounds of waves than do the standard-recommended and literature-proposed models. The comparison of newly proposed internal relationships with standard-recommended empirical models indicates that the use of relationships currently recommended in practice can yield up to 2% taller heights and 14–38% shorter periods in nearshore straits prone to typhoon metocean conditions. The results of this study can be used to enhance analyses of the typhoon-generated wave environment and the design of coastal infrastructure in nearshore strait areas.
A Generalized V-Shaped Peeling Model on Rigid Curved Substrates Incorporating Prestretch Effects
Authors: Wang Y. S. , Wang K. F. , Wang B. L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In biological adhesion systems, it is often observed that organisms climb on curved surfaces by controlling the relaxation and contraction of their muscles. In this article, we propose a general model for V-peeling on an arc-shaped substrate based on Griffith's energy release theory. The developed model can handle V-peeling problems on arc-shaped substrates with arbitrary initial configurations and considers the effects of prestretching in the bonded segment. When the substrate radius and initial peeling angle are relatively large, the results approach those obtained for flat substrates. However, due to the constraints of the substrate size and its active alteration of the peeling angle, a steady state, as seen on flat substrates, does not occur during the peeling process. Prestress has a certain inhibitory effect on the initiation of delamination, but once delamination begins, the presence of prestress promotes it. Meanwhile, the same degree of prestretch has a more pronounced effect on enhancing the peel resistance of structures with smaller curvatures, and prestretch further amplifies the differences between arc-shaped and flat substrates. The article also discusses the impact of variations in different parameters on energy. The conclusions drawn in this study have implications for understanding biological adhesion and designing multilayered structures.
Deep Learning-Based Residual Useful Lifetime Prediction for Assets With Uncertain Failure Modes
Authors: Su Yuqi , Fang Xiaolei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Industrial prognostics focuses on utilizing degradation signals to forecast and continually update the residual useful life of complex engineering systems. However, existing prognostic models for systems with multiple failure modes face several challenges in real-world applications, including overlapping degradation signals from multiple components, the presence of unlabeled historical data, and the similarity of signals across different failure modes. To tackle these issues, this research introduces two prognostic models that integrate the mixture (log)-location-scale distribution with deep learning. This integration facilitates the modeling of overlapping degradation signals, eliminates the need for explicit failure mode identification, and utilizes deep learning to capture complex nonlinear relationships between degradation signals and residual useful lifetimes. Numerical studies validate the superior performance of these proposed models compared to existing methods.
Analytical Solutions for the Oblique Compression Behaviors of Two Elastic Hollow Cylinders
Authors: QI Ge , Zheng Huai-liang , Liu Chen-xi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bundled elastic hollow cylinders are one of the most widely adopted configurations in biomaterials and architected materials. A fundamental problem in the behavior of the bundled elastic hollow cylinders is that of the oblique compression of two hollow cylinders. In this paper, we develop the analytical solutions by decoupling this problem into normal and tangential behaviors. The normal components present the Hertzian contacts, and the similar formulas corresponding to shear are derived based on the considerations of incremental displacement changes. Then, we introduce the methods to determine the unknown coefficients and to improve the accuracy. The numerical studies demonstrate the feasibility of our method, and the parametric analysis clarifies the effects of the material properties, the geometric parameters, and the oblique angle on the contact responses. Finally, we indicate how this method can be applied to more general practice applications.