bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A collaborative study on RAST inhibition using a common method
Authors: SEAGROATT VALERIE , FORD ANNETTE 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA collaborative study was carried out to determine the reproducibility of the inhibition form of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Seven laboratories were provided with three coded extracts of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) pollen. All laboratories used a common method of RAST inhibition and were supplied with all reagents required to carry out the assays. In addition, four laboratories used local methods of RAST inhibition. Potency estimates were in reasonable agreement between laboratories when the study method was used but insufficient data were available to assess reproducibility when local methods were used.Two extracts prepared from the same source material were found to have parallel log dose‐response lines but the line for the unrelated extract was steeper in all but one of the assays. This finding was an indication that the third extract differed qualitatively from the other extracts.It was concluded that the use of a study method of RAST inhibition resulted in good agreement between potency estimates obtained by different laboratories.
Protection by ipratropium bromide and metaproterenol against methacholine and histamine bronchoconstriction
Authors: NAIR N. , TOWNLEY R. G. , WATT G. , SCHLANGER S. , BEWTRA A. K. , STEKOLL L. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTo establish relative protection against methacholine and histamine, 40 μg of ipratropium bromide, an anticholinergic compound, 1.3 mg of metaproterenol or placebo aerosols were administered by metered‐dose inhaler prior lo inhalation challenge with methacholine or histamine in nine asthmatic subjects. Double‐blind, randomized challenges were performed. Subjects required a mean methacholine dose of l.72 ± 0.73 and 2.46 ± 0.72 (Ln inhalation units), and mean histamine dose of 2.l6 ± 0.65 and 2.68 ± 0.49, to cause a drop of 20% and 35% respectively in the FEV1 following the placebo. In the methacholine challenges, both ipratropium bromide and metaproterenol had significant protection as compared to placebo (P<0.001). There was no statistical difference in the degree of protection against methacholine between ipratropium bromide and metaproterenol. In histamine challenges, metaproterenol had significant protection as compared to the placebo, while ipratropium bromide did not protect against histamine.
Plasma of normal, but not atopic persons reducing basophil degranulation induced by anti‐IgE
Authors: MIADONNA A. , TEDESCHI A. , ZANUSSI C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe response to anti‐IgE serum of basophils from allergic and normal persons in the presence of whole plasma or as washed cells in Tyrode solution was examined to detect any inhibiting activity of human plasma. A factor reducing the potential of anti‐IgE serum to degranulate basophils was present in plasma of normal but not of allergic persons. It is considered that this property of plasma could contribute to homeostatic control in immediate hypersensitivity.
The diversity of allergens involved in bakers' asthma
Authors: SUTTON R. , SKERRlTT J. H. , BALDO B. A. , WRIGLEY C. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySera from 35 individuals with suspected allergies to inhaled flour were screened for the presence of immunoglobulin E (IgE) specific for wheat‐flour proteins. Sera from nine asthmatic bakers with high wheat RAST scores were selected for further study with the aim of purifying the allergen(s) involved in bakers’ asthma and related conditions. However, each of the different techniques applied–ion exchange chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing and the electrophoretic transfer, or‘Western blotting’ technique, showed that serum IgE from different individuals have markedly different specificities and bind to numerous wheat proteins. When three purified wheat proteins were tested–wheat germ agglutinin; a fraction purified using a concanavalin‐A affinity column and a putative trypsin inhibitor–all were identified as allergens for some but not all of the allergic bakers.
Intestinal permeability in healthy and allergic children before and after sodium‐cromoglycate treatment assessed with different‐sized polyethyleneglycols (PEG 400 and PEG 1000)
Authors: FÄLTH‐MAGNUSSON KARIN , Kjellman N.‐I. M. , Magnusson K.‐E. , Sundqvist T. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGastrointestinal permeability was investigated in twenty‐two children on two occasions, before and after treatment with sodium cromoglycate. The children were between 8 and 10 years old; half of them were classified as allergic according to history and laboratory tests, and half of them as healthy. The 6‐hr urinary recovery of different‐sized polyethyleneglycols (PEG 400 and PEG 1000) in combination with a mathematical model was used to assess the intestinal permeability barrier.No significant differences were seen in the first PEG test between healthy and allergic children, although those with gastrointestinal allergy showed a slightly lower, and those with other allergies a slightly higher recovery of the smaller PEGs than seen in the healthy individuals. After treatment with sodium cromoglycate. however, there was a significant decrease in uptake by allergic children, which could indicate that the permeability properties had returned to normal.The PEG method offers a simple, harmless and reproducible method to measure intestinal permeability properties. The change in permeability observed after sodium cromoglycate corresponds well with the clinical experience of usefulness of the drug in some children with food allergy.
Tests for allergy to housedust
Authors: GUERIN B. , LELIEVRE D. , PELLEGRIN A. , LEYNADIER F. , LEBEL B. , DRY J. , HEWITT B. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn an attempt to find a satisfactory combination of method and antigen extract for tests of hypersensitivity to housedust, variations of skin test, RAST, histamine release and basophil degranulation tests have been used to test efficacy of five commonly used extracts of housedust or its components.The Lincoln Multitest for skin prick tests in its present form induced too much trauma for type‐I hypersensitivity tests, though it has advantages for comparison of several extracts. Histamine release and two versions of basophil degranulation tests all gave good results but not consistently. RAST gave the best correlation between all extracts, but neither the in vivo nor in vitro tests gave perfect concordance with sensitivity in all patients and all extracts.
Effect of exercise on isoprenaline‐induced lymphocyte cAMP production in atopic asthmatics and atopic and non‐atopic, non‐asthmatic subjects
Authors: CUNDELL DIANA , DANKS JANE , PHILLIPS M. J. , DAVIES R. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe effect of exercise on isoprenaline‐induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production was studied in peripheral‐blood lymphocytes obtained from ten patients with atopic asthma, seven subjects who were atopic but did not have asthma and eight non‐atopic, non‐asthmatic control subjects. The asthma in the atopic subjects was mild only requiring intermittent treatment with inhaled β adrenoceptor agonists, none of which were taken in the 48 hr prior to the study. Exercise consisted of a standardized 6‐min run on a treadmill sufficient to raise the subject's pulse rate to > 160 bpm and respiratory function was measured before and at 5,10,15,20,30 and 60 min after the test. Blood samples were taken 5 min before and at 10 and 60 min after exercise, lymphocytes were separated by density gradient centrifugation and cAMP measured by a competitive radioimmunoassay. Exercise led to a significant decrease (27%) in the forced expiratory volume in I sec (FEV1) in the ten atopic asthmatic subjects but no change (< 3%) in the non‐atopic and atopic non‐asthmatics. There was no significant difference in the unstimulated cAMP levels before exercise in the three groups, but stimulation with isoprenaline caused a significantly greater rise in cAMP in the non‐atopic, non‐asthmatic subjects when compared to both the atopic asthmatics and the atopic subjects without asthma. Exercise led to a significant elevation of cAMP in all three groups of subjects, but the same differences between the groups remained. These results suggest that there are differences in lymphocyte β receptor function not between patients who are asthmatic or non‐asthmatic but between individuals who are atopic as opposed to non‐atopic.
Collaborative clinical assay of the biological potency of allergen skin‐test extracts
Authors: CARREIRA J. , RUBIO M. , HERRERO T. , HORAK F. , BUSINCO L. , WÜTHRICH B. , DE PRADA V. BEARZI , BERRY J. B. , LISCHKA G. , BRIGHTON W. D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA multicentre collaborative clinical trial has been made at one centre in each of six countries to decide if the potency of allergen extracts can be determined satisfactorily by skin‐prick tests in man.Although there was considerable variation in potency of antigen when determined in different patients, if a sufficiently large group (n=54) of persons were tested, it was shown to be feasible to compare potencies of sequential batches of the same specificity, and also of antigens of different specificities.It was shown that batches of mite extract were weaker than that of a grass pollen, but it proved to be a simple matter to adjust the concentration to give the same biological potency.
Suppressor T cells and soluble suppressor factors in allergy: effect of immunotherapy
Authors: KESARWALA H. H. , MACCIA C. , AMARAM N. , SZEP ROSALIA , PAPAGEORGIOU P. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySuppressor‐cell activity of Concanavalin‐A‐stimulated lymphocytes was studied in allergic patients by inhibition of one‐way mixed lymphocyte culture reactions before and after allergy immunotherapy. This activity was compared with twelve healthy controls. In preliminary experiments, six out of eight allergic patients had no detectable T suppressor activity. In the second prospective group, eight out of eleven patients had much reduced suppressor‐cell activity before immunotherapy, and seven out of eleven patients had much reduced activity after immunotherapy. The data suggest that non‐specific T suppressor‐cell activity is reduced in allergic patients but immunotherapy does not restore such activity.
Aspirin intolerance and asthmal induction of a tolerance and long‐term monitoring
Authors: DOR P. J. , VERVLOET D. , BALDOCCHI G. , CHARPIN L 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAcetylsalicylic‐acid (ASA) intolerance is well recognized as a possible cause for exacerbating asthma. It has been postulated that if this could be overcome, long‐term aspirin administration could improve asthma symptoms and enable reduction of the use of other anti‐asthmatic drugs.We succeeded in inducing an ASA tolerance in nine corticosteroid‐dependent asthmatics, and this tolerance lasted at least 1 month and at most 1 year. Progressive deterioration in lung function was seen, however, in all patients taking ASA for more than 1 month, unless the corticosteroid intake was increased. These results suggest that ASA long‐term treatment is of no help to severe corticosteroid‐dependent, ASA‐sensitive asthmatics. This conclusion differs from other reports on ASA intolerance in asthma.
Effect of antigen stimulation on antigen‐specific IgE‐plaque‐forming cells from peripheral‐blood lymphocytes of atopics
Authors: PERELMUTTER L. , POTVIN L. , HÉBERT J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn the present study, it was shown that allergen challenge in vitro produced an increase in the number of antigen‐specific IgE‐plaque‐forming cells of peripheral‐blood lymphocytes from grass‐ or ragweed‐allergic patients. Thus, the blood lymphocytes of all twelve (four rye grass I and eight AgE) sensitive donors responded whereas the blood lymphocytes of five non‐atopic controls were unresponsive to antigen challenge. Allergen challenge doses of 10−10−10−12 g/ml were found to give the greatest number of plaque‐forming cells whereas the number of plaque‐forming cells at challenging doses between 10−9 and 10−7 g/ml were either the same or less than those obtained with unchallenged cells. The results are discussed as to whether this in vitro model system represents in vivo response to allergen of the allergic patient.
Deficient Concanavalin‐A‐induced suppressor‐cell activity in patients with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis
Authors: HWANG KUNG‐CHAN , FIKRIG SENIH M. , FRIEDMAN HOWARD M. , GUPTA SUDHIR 
Published: April 2006

SummaryConcanavalin‐A (Con‐A)‐induced suppressor activity against the proliferative response of autologous lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was examined in the peripheral‐blood lymphocytes from fourteen patients with bronchial asthma, ten patients with allergic rhinitis and eleven patients with atopic dermatitis and compared with eleven simultaneously studied healthy normals. Eight of fourteen patients (57%) with bronchial asthma, eight of ten patients (80%) with allergic rhinitis and five of eleven patients (45%) with atopic dermatitis demonstrated deficient Con‐A‐induced suppressor function. Abnormal suppressor‐cell functions could play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic states.
Skin test, RAST and clinical reactions to peanut allergens in children
Authors: KEMP A. S. , MELLIS C. M. , BARNETT D. , SHAROTA E. , SIMPSON J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOne‐hundred‐and‐four children were skin‐tested with four peanut‐allergen preparations, a commercial extract, extracts of raw and roast peanuts prepared by NH4HCO3 extraction, and a wheatgerm lectin‐reactive glycoprotein obtained by affinity chromatography. The presence of symptoms after ingestion of peanut or peanut products was also recorded. The roast allergen extract provided the greatest specificity with eight symptomatic children having a positive skin test and only one positive skin‐test reaction in an asymptomatic child in the group of 104 children tested. Despite differences in the incidence of skin‐test reactions there was a strong correlation between raw, roast and commercial RAST suggesting common allergens were being identified by circulating IgE. Clinical sensitivity was observed particularly in younger children with 75% of the children being under 4 years of age. A positive roast skin test or a RAST test adds confirmation to the clinical history of allergic reactions to peanuts.
Cross‐allergenicity between extracts of hair from different dog breeds and cat fur
Authors: WÜTHRICH B. , GUERIN B. , HEWITT B. F. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySkin tests and RAST determinations with breed‐specific dog allergen extracts and a cat allergen preparation were made on forty‐four atopic patients divided into three groups.Group 1 were twenty dog‐owning atopic patients without clinical signs of dog sensitivity. Group 2 contained twenty‐one patients with a clinical history that suggested allergy to dogs, and Group 3 contained ten atopic patients who were sensitive to cats. In neither the in vivo nor the in vitro tests was there any evidence for dog breed specificity, nor was dog albumin found to be a major allergen in the population studied, though a few individuals showed strong RAST activity to albumin. Furthermore, a cat fur extract inhibited the reaction between dog hair and anti‐dog serum, and a dog hair extract inhibited the reaction between cat fur extract and anti‐cat serum.
Isolated late asthmatic reaction due to nickel sulphate without antibodies to nickel
Authors: MALO J. L. , CARTIER A. , GAGNON G. , EVANS S. , DOLOVICH J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA worker with occupational exposure to nickel developed asthma a few months after starting work. Skin prick tests to nickel sulphate were negative. Inhalation challenge with nickel sulphate, at a concentration of 10 mg/ml for 30 min induced a late asthmatic reaction, starting 3 hr after the end of exposure leading to severe nocturnal attack. Tests for antibodies with nickel reactivity were negative.
Asthma and urticaria induced by seminal plasma in a woman with IgE antibody and T‐lymphocyte responsiveness to a seminal plasma antigen
Authors: BLAIR H. , PARISH W. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA patient with asthma urticaria and angioedema induced by allergy to seminal plasma was examined at intervals for 10 years. Before treatment her anaphylactic susceptibility to seminal plasma was manifested by very strong prick‐test responses, IgE antibody to an allergenic fraction of seminal plasma determined by RAST, and by antigen‐induced histamine release from her blood leucocytes. The skin test and in vitro lymphocyte tests indicated concomitant delayed hypersensitivity to the same allergen. The patient's lymphocytes treated with seminal plasma allergen fraction showed much increased incorporation of thymidine, and also synthesis of a product (NIF) that inhibited migration of neutrophils from a normal donor. The allergen fraction of seminal plasma had about five components in the range of 20000–40000 daltons molecular weight; the major fraction binding IgE appeared to be a glycoprotein.The patient was successfully desensitized by injections of her husbanďs seminal plasma. Desensitization was not associated with persistent amounts of antigen‐specific IgG antibodies.
Detection of class‐specific antibodies against Micropolyspora faeni antigens in farmers’lung
Authors: HUIZFNGA M. , BERRENS L. 
Published: April 2006

Summary Micropolyspora faeni antigens were used for specific IgA, IgG and IgM determination with an ELISA technique, and for specific IgE antibodies by means of RAST in eighteen patients with farmer's lung, in nineteen farmers with other chest conditions, and in twenty‐nine controls. The farmers’lung group had significantly higher IgG antibody levels than the controls, while specific IgA levels were elevated in ten cases. Specific IgE and‐except for three cases IgM levels did not differ from the controls. In the group of farmers with other lung diseases, only three had increased levels of specific IgG antibody.The correlation (0. 89) between IgG by ELISA and a complement‐fixation test indicated that C activation by M. faeni antigens is mediated by IgG antibodies.
Skin‐test reactivity to egg protein—exposure by inhalation compared with ingestion
Authors: EDWARDS J. H. , McCONNOCHIE K. , DAVIES B. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOf two hundred and sixty‐seven subjects exposed to egg by ingestion only, forty‐eight were skin (prick)‐test positive to egg material. All forty‐eight subjects also reacted to other allergens on skin testing, forty‐seven (98%) to allergens associated with respiratory allergy.Of thirteen subjects exposed to egg by inhalation in their workplace (and ingestion) two were skin‐test‐positive to egg, both also reacting to respirable allergens.Thus, inhalation of egg antigen does not greatly influence skin‐test reactivity to eggs as determined by comparing the ratio of egg skin‐test‐positives to total skin‐test‐positives in the egg groups ingesting and inhaling egg antigen, i.e. 48:218 vs 2:6.In terms of the pulmonary response to inhaled eggs there were equal numbers of symptomatics with positive skin tests to common allergens as there were symptomatics with negative skin tests. Thus, an allergic predisposition shown by a positive skin test to common allergens does not predict nor preclude development of a pulmonary reaction to inhaled egg material.
Effect of disodium cromoglycate on anti‐IgE induced early and late skin response in humans
Authors: GRÖNNEBERG R. , ZETTERSTRÖM O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe effect of the anti‐allergic drug disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on immediate and late responses to anti‐human IgE was examined in thirteen healthy subjects. DSCG, 250 μg, applied intradermally together with anti‐IgE had no effect on the immediate flare and weal response, whereas the following late phase response, 1–24 hr, was attenuated by 15% (P>0 05, at 6 hr p>0.01). This effect varied between individuals (p>0.01) and was reproduced in a second trial in DSCG‐responders and non‐res‐ponders (P> 0.01, n=8). The results support the view that DSCG has no effect on the immediate mast cell derived response in human skin but can inhibit the development of late reactions. This mechanism might account for some of the anti‐allergic effects of the drug.
Comparison between rush immunotherapy with a standardized allergen and an alum adjuved pyridine extracted material in grass pollen allergy
Authors: BOUSQUET J. , GUERIN B. , DOTTH A. , DHIVERT H. , DJOUKHADAR F. , HEWITT B. , MICHEL F. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRush immunotherapy with a standardized and lyophilized cocksfoot pollen extract was performed in twenty‐three allergic subjects and compared with classical immunotherapy done with an alum adjuved, pyridine extracted cocksfoot pollen extract (fifteen subjects) and a control group of ten patients. The three groups were perfectly matched. Clinical benefits were analysed by means of symptom scores. It was shown that rush immunotherapy gave significantly better results when asthma or rhinitis was considered than either classical immunotherapy (P>0.02) or in the control group (P>0.01 and 0.02). Skin tests were significantly reduced after rush immunotherapy and did not change in the two other groups. After the pollen season the skin test reactivity was increased in the rush immunotherapy group. Cocksfoot pollen specific IgE did not vary significantly in the three groups. Cocksfoot pollen specific IgG was significantly (P>0.05) increased in the rush immunotherapy group before the pollen season and did not vary significantly in the other groups.
Influence of food on the absorption of theophylline from a sustained release formulation (Somophyllin®)
Authors: PEDERSEN S. , MØLLER‐PETERSEN J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe bioavailability and absorption pattern of theophylline from a sustained theophylline sprinkle product (Somophyllin®) were investigated in ten healthy adult volunteers both in fasting conditions and after a standardized solid meal. Theophylline given intravenously was used as a reference. The only effect of the meal was a statistically significant reduction in the rate of absorption of theophylline during the first 2 hr after medication. After that lime food had no effect upon the absorption characteristics of the preparation and the bioava liability was complete after both fasted and fed in take of the product (96.1% and 105.9% respectively).
Occupational asthma due to azobisformamide
Authors: MALO J. L. , PINEAU L. , CARTIER A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAzobisformamide is a low molecular weight a gem used in the plastic industry as a foaming product. Two subjects with a history of work‐related asthma in association with exposure to azobisformamide underwent specific inhalation tests. One subject developed an isolated late asthmatic response, whereas in the other a dual reaction was observed.
Prevalence and features of asthma in a sample survey of urban Goroka, Papua New Guinea
Authors: DOWSE G. K. , SMITH D. , TURNER K. J. , ALPERS M. P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis study found a prevalence of asthma of 2.5% in adults and 0.2% in children in Goroka, the major town and administrative centre of the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. The disease features are similar to those found in previous studies in Papua New Guinea: late age of onset and virtual absence of childhood cases; strong association with allergy to house dust mite and high mite‐specific IgE levels; and considerable impairment of resting lung function. However, the prevalence is much lower than that recently found in the nearby rural South Fore linguistic group of the Okapa District. Moreover, it was noted that a preponderance of the urban cases in the present study were originally from Okapa. The implication is that particular local tetiological factors may be responsible for the documented rise in prevalence in the South Fore (Okapa) people, rather than the process of ‘Westernization’per se. This creates a valuable opportunity to learn more about the pathogenesis of asthma.